gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Minimally Invasive Blood‐Extraction System: Elastic Self‐Recovery Actuator Integrated with an Ultrahigh‐ Aspect‐Ratio Microneedle (2012)

A minimally invasive blood-extraction system is fabricated by the integration of an elastic self-recovery actuator and an ultrahigh-aspect-ratio microneedle. The simple elastic self-recovery actuator converts finger force to elastic energy to provide power for blood extraction and transport without requiring an external source of power. This device has potential utility in the biomedical field within the framework of complete micro-electromechanical systems.
Two new fluorescent dyes applicable for visualization of fungal cell walls (2005)

Two fluorophores, Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE 500 and Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4B, not heretofore reported upon are described as useful dyes of fungal cell walls, septa and bud scars examined microscopically. The dyes, depending on the filter sets used, yield fluorescently stained material generally in the blue to green and yellow to red wavelengths for Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE 500 and Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4B, respectively. They provide an excellent alternative to the more commonly used fluorophore, Calcofluor White M2R. The two fluorophores, in addition to being used at various spectral wavelengths from mercury arc sources, can be used with laser sources providing 488 nm and 543 nm line wavelengths, common to most scanning confocal microscopes. Unlike Calcofluor, Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE 500 and Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4B do not fade quickly when exposed to selected light wavelengths; however, like Calcofluors they are compatible with living fungal cells.
Jon F. Nussbaum, Teresa Thompson and James D. Robinson, Communication and Aging, Harper & Row, New York, 1989, 270 pp., $18.00, ISBN 0 060 46684 7. (1991)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Some Notes on Superregeneration with Particular Emphasis on Its Possibilities for Frequency Modulation (1944)

The effect of voltage on an oscillatory circuit loaded by a negative resistance is shown and a method for measuring very small voltages is described. The superregenerative detector for amplitude modulation possesses limiting action and tends to reject ignition noise. The importance of the shape and frequency of the quench voltage is considered. Selectivity conditions are studied. Selectivity is low for broadcast and high for short-wave frequencies compared with a nonregenerative circuit. Superregenerative circuits are more susceptible to shot noise than conventional circuits, and this becomes important if preamplifiers are used. Because of back modulation, reradiation can be present even with mixer tubes in front of the superregenerative stage. An analysis of the frequency spectrum produced by a super-regenerative oscillator, when a frequency-modulated signal is applied, is presented. It is shown that the oscillator output consists of a band of frequencies each component of which is deviated in the same amount and direction as the incoming signal. The use of two slope-tuned superregenerative stages in push-pull as a balanced frequency demodulator is described and explained. The superregenerative stage represents a very efficient amplifier for frequency modulation signals. Two frequency-modulation receivers are described in which the superregnerative tube is used as an amplifier.
<i>C</i>‐terminal truncation of the transcriptional activator encoded by <i>areA</i> in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> results in both loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function phenotypes (1993)

Mutations truncating as many as 143 C-terminal residues from the transcriptional activator encoded by the areA gene, mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans, do not significantly reduce the ability of the areA product to activate expression of most genes under areA control. Such mutations can even have a gain-of-function, derepressed phenotype, consistent with a critical role for this region in modulating the activity of the areA protein. However, expression of a few genes under areA control is substantially impaired by such C-terminal truncations, indicating that regions of an activator protein can play differing roles in the control of different structural genes. This underlines the advantages of being able to monitor effects of areA mutations on expression of large numbers of structural genes. Additionally, it is shown that truncation of as many as 153 C-terminal residues, virtually all amino acids C-terminal to the DNA-binding region, is compatible with retention of some areA function.
UPPER AIRWAY AND PULMONARY EFFECTS OF OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF (+)- α -PINENE, d -LIMONENE, AND ISOPRENE IN BALB/ c MICE (2002)

The oxidation products (OPs) of ozone and the unsaturated hydrocarbons d-limonene, (+)-alpha-pinene, and isoprene have previously been shown to cause upper airway irritation in mice during 30-min acute exposures. This study evaluated the effects of OPs and the hydrocarbons themselves on the upper airways, the conducting airways, and the lungs over a longer exposure period. The time course of development of effects and the reversibility of effects were investigated; in addition, we assessed possible exacerbation of sensory responses of the airways to the unreacted hydrocarbons. Respiratory parameters in male BALB/c mice were monitored via head-out plethysmography. Exposures to OPs or hydrocarbons were for 60 min, followed by a 30-min challenge period with air or hydrocarbon, and a 15-min recovery period with air only. Experiments were also performed where limonene/ozone exposures were separated 6 h from the challenge period. Ozone concentration in the reaction mixture was 3.4 ppm, and concentrations of hydrocarbons were 47 ppm (alpha-pinene), 51 ppm (d-limonene), and 465 ppm (isoprene). Due to reaction, the ozone concentration at the point of exposure was less than 0.35 ppm; exposure to 0.30 ppm ozone for 60 min did not produce effects different from air-exposed control animals. As previously established, upper airway irritation was a prominent effect of OP exposure. In addition, over the longer exposure period we observed the development of airflow limitation that persisted for at least 45 min postexposure. All effects from limonene/ozone exposures were reversible within 6 h. Exposures to OPs did not cause enhanced upper airway irritation during challenge with the hydrocarbons, indicating that a 1-h exposure to OPs did not increase the sensitivity of the upper respiratory system. However, airflow limitation was exacerbated in animals exposed to d-limonene alone immediately following exposure to limonene OPs. These findings suggest that terpene/ozone reaction products may have moderate-lasting adverse effects on both the upper airways and pulmonary regions. This may be important in the context of the etiology or exacerbation of lower airway symptoms in office workers, or of occupational asthma in workers involved in industrial cleaning operations.
Improved Inter Prediction based on Structural Similarity in H.264 (2007)

H.264 achieves higher compression efficiency by employing multiple modes inter prediction, rate-distortion (RD) optimal mechanism and other new techniques. Distortion metric plays an important role in video compression performance. Structural similarity (SSIM) is a new image quality assessment method, which is more consistent with Human Vision Systems (HVS). So in this paper, we propose to adopt SSIM as the distortion metric in the inter prediction cost functions, named "improved inter prediction method based on SSIM" (IPBSS). It is an improved method of our previous work MEBSS. Simulation results indicate that the IPBSS can averagely save bit rate more than 13% while maintaining the almost same video quality with QP = 10, 20 and 30. That is a better result than our previous work MEBSS.
Synthesis of Optically Active Cyanohydrins Using Almond Meal (1991)

Abstract Asymmetric hydrocyanation of aldehydes was accomplished using almond meal, containing the enzyme oxynitrilase. Optically active cyanohydrins with high levels of enantiomeric purity were obtained following a simple procedure.
DNA polymerase-catalyzed incorporation of nucleotides modified with a G-quadruplex-derived DNAzyme (2015)

We show that nucleotides which are modified with a G-quadruplex-derived DNAzyme are substrates for DNA polymerases. Based on this finding we developed a naked-eye detection system that allows the detection of single nucleotide variations in DNA.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Alkyl Succinate Derivatives (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimization and characterization of index-guided visible AlGaAs/GaAs graded barrier quantum well laser diodes (1987)

Index-guided, single and multiple stripe, visible laser diodes ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda = 6950-7150</tex> Å) have been fabricated and characterized. These structures utilize a graded barrier quantum well laser structure having high aluminum composition ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x = 0.60-0.85</tex> ) confining layers to obtain low threshold current. The use of thin AlAs quantum well barrier layers allows short wavelengths to be obtained from the quantum size effect in binary GaAs wells without the need for alloy Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> As wells. Index-guiding is accomplished by use of either a complementary self-aligned structure or a shallow mesa laser structure allowing stabilized single-mode laser operation.
Methylation-associated silencing of microRNA-34b/c in gastric cancer and its involvement in an epigenetic field defect (2010)

Altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) is strongly implicated in cancer, and recent studies have shown that the silencing of some miRNAs is associated with CpG island hypermethylation. To identify epigenetically silenced miRNAs in gastric cancer (GC), we screened for miRNAs induced by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and 4-phenylbutyrate. We found that miR-34b and miR-34c are epigenetically silenced in GC and that their downregulation is associated with hypermethylation of the neighboring CpG island. Methylation of the miR-34b/c CpG island was frequently observed in GC cell lines (13/13, 100%) but not in normal gastric mucosa from Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy individuals. Transfection of a precursor of miR-34b and miR-34c into GC cells induced growth suppression and dramatically changed the gene expression profile. Methylation of miR-34b/c was found in a majority of primary GC specimens (83/118, 70%). Notably, analysis of non-cancerous gastric mucosae from GC patients (n = 109) and healthy individuals (n = 85) revealed that methylation levels are higher in gastric mucosae from patients with multiple GC than in mucosae from patients with single GC (27.3 versus 20.8%; P < 0.001) or mucosae from H. pylori-positive healthy individuals (27.3 versus 20.7%; P < 0.001). These results suggest that miR-34b and miR-34c are novel tumor suppressors frequently silenced by DNA methylation in GC, that methylation of miR-34b/c is involved in an epigenetic field defect and that the methylation might be a predictive marker of GC risk.
Oxygenation of Ferrous Iron (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygenation of Ferrous IronWerner Stumm and G. F. LeeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1961, 53, 2, 143–146Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50614a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50614a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3832Altmetric-Citations642LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Shape-Assist Technique<subtitle>Incorporating Stream Channel Interpretations into Computer-Generated Surface Models: Clark County, Kansas</subtitle> (1992)

A collection of papers on computer-mapping case studies, this publication is a useful "go-by" for both beginners and advanced users of computer-mapping software. Fore the most part, the papers concentrate on the geologic features of significance to mapping, the methods used and their justification, and results obtained. The publication is separated into two parts. Part 1 consists of 12 papers dealing with data and surface modeling. Part 2 consists of 7 papers dealing with three-dimensional geologic block modeling.
DBR laser array for WDM system (1993)

A four-channel DBR laser array with different lasing wavelengths has been developed for a light source in WDM systems by using a simple selective MOC VD growth technique. Four different lasing wavelengths with a 5nm spacing were achieved by varying the waveguide thickness. The fabrication techniques and lasing characteristics of the device are demonstrated.
Authenticated Secure Group Communication using Broadcast Encryption Key Computation (2008)

Broadcast Encryption deals with broadcasting an encrypted message, so that only a set of users termed privileged can decrypt it. This is made possible with the computation of a secret key which is known only to members of the privileged set. This privileged set can be called as a secure group and the communication within the set as Secure Group Communication which provides only confidentiality. Providing authentication for the messages exchanged between group members in addition to confidentiality is an important issue in Secure Group Communication. We develop a protocol for Secure Authentic Communication where we address authentication for the scheme proposed by Fiat-Naor Broadcast encryption. Authentication scheme used is a multiparty authentication scheme which allows all the users in the system to send and receive messages simultaneously. Our scheme is secure against colluding malicious parties numbering fewer than k. The scheme provides authenticity by using a part of the information keys which is used for secret key computation, thus, without increasing the storage at the user.
Lecithins: A comprehensive review of their properties and their use in formulating microemulsions (2022)

Lecithins are a phospholipid-rich mixture recovered from the degumming process of crude vegetable oils. Since the nineteenth century, this by-product of oil processing has been used as a food and pharmaceutical ingredient. Lecithins' popularity as an ingredient in the pharmaceutical and food industries arises from their particular properties, such as their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, critical micellar concentration, and assembly properties. However, there is limited knowledge of the use of lecithins to formulate pharmaceutical- and food-grade microemulsions. Unlike conventional emulsions, microemulsions are thermodynamically stable systems that offer long-term stability. Besides, microemulsions show nano-sized droplets, transparency, ease of preparation and scale-up, and do not require expensive equipment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lecithins, their properties, and their use in formulating microemulsions, a promising method to incorporate, protect, and deliver bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical and food products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lecithins are a phospholipid-rich mixture recovered from the degumming process of crude vegetable oils. Since the nineteenth century, this by-product of oil processing has been used as a food ingredient. Lecithin phospholipids are commonly used as emulsifier agents in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of their particular properties. However, there is limited knowledge of the use of lecithins to formulate pharmaceutical- or food-grade microemulsions. Unlike conventional emulsions, microemulsions are stable systems that offer long-term stability, nano-sized droplets, transparency, ease of preparation and scale-up, and do not require expensive equipment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lecithins, their properties, and their use in formulating microemulsions, a promising method to incorporate, protect, and deliver bioactive compounds such as vitamins, flavors, antioxidants, nutrients, colors, antimicrobials, and polyphenols.
Addition of Lead from Sodium Plumbite Solution to Modified and Unmodified Cottons (1974)

Lead monoxide was treated with a strong aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to yield an alkaline solution containing sodium plumbite. The lead from this solution added to unmodified cotton and to cotton containing either acidic or basic groups. The amount of lead added was compared to amounts added from other lead compounds, amounts added from nonaqueous solvents, and to amounts of copper or tin added under similar conditions. Some treated cotton samples contained almost 40% lead. Wrinkle recoveries were improved but flame retardance and rot resistance remained poor. Chemical procedures, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and wrinkle recoveries indicated that a chemical bond was formed between the lead and cotton and that some bonds were intermolecular.
Facilitating the development of representations in hypertext with IDE (1989)

Hypertext systems are used for a variety of representational tasks, many that involve fairly formalized structures. Because hypertext systems are generally intended for developing informal (unstructured data) and semi-formal (semantic networks) structures, developing more formal structures can be difficult. Regular patterns in structures must often be recreated from primitive elements (individual nodes and links) resulting in a high overhead cost. In this paper we describe the Instructional Design Environment, or IDE, a hypertext system application that facilitates the rapid and accurate creation of regular network patterns in hypertext. IDE focuses on the task of instructional design, but its facilities are general and useful to many representation tasks. IDE features structure accelerators that provide simple menu interfaces to (1) define network structures out of patterns of typed node and link connections, (2) create new node types that contain structured content, and (3) tailor the interface for creating cards, links and structures to focus attention during different stages of the representation task. These mechanisms allow the user to tailor the hypertext environment to better meet his or her representational needs. We also report on the field use of IDE by instructional designers.
A model of extensible language systems (1971)

At the present time the subject of extensible languages appears to suffer from the lack of any central coherent framework to knit together the many pieces of individual work that are being done. This paper is an attempt, therefore, to fill that lack. What appears to be required is some central conceptual model or paradigm of languages and language extensibility onto which framework we can hang all these pieces of work. This paper, therefore, contains of four main points:- * The description of a very simple model of formal machine languages and their operation. * A discussion of the generality of this model. * A discussion of the usefulness of this model for the study of extensible languages. * An illustration of the application of the model by reference to an on-going implementation at the IBM (UK) Scientific Centre.
The impact of physical therapy on functional outcomes after stroke: what's the evidence? (2004)

This review showed small to large effect sizes for task-oriented exercise training, in particular when applied intensively and early after stroke onset. In almost all high-quality RCTs, effects were mainly restricted to tasks directly trained in the exercise programme.
Instant Integrated Ultradeep Quantitative-structural Membrane Proteomics Discovered Post-translational Modification Signatures for Human Cys-loop Receptor Subunit Bias (2016)

Neurotransmitter ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are widespread and pivotal in brain functions. Unveiling their structure-function mechanisms is crucial to drive drug discovery, and demands robust proteomic quantitation of expression, post-translational modifications (PTMs) and dynamic structures. Yet unbiased digestion of these modified transmembrane proteins-at high efficiency and peptide reproducibility-poses the obstacle. Targeting both enzyme-substrate contacts and PTMs for peptide formation and detection, we devised flow-and-detergent-facilitated protease and de-PTM digestions for deep sequencing (FDD) method that combined omni-compatible detergent, tandem immobilized protease/PNGase columns, and Cys-selective reduction/alkylation, to achieve streamlined ultradeep peptide preparation within minutes not days, at high peptide reproducibility and low abundance-bias. FDD transformed enzyme-protein contacts into equal catalytic travel paths through enzyme-excessive columns regardless of protein abundance, removed products instantly preventing inhibition, tackled intricate structures via sequential multiple micro-digestions along the flow, and precisely controlled peptide formation by flow rate. Peptide-stage reactions reduced steric bias; low contamination deepened MS/MS scan; distinguishing disulfide from M oxidation and avoiding gain/loss artifacts unmasked protein-endogenous oxidation states. Using a recent interactome of 285-kDa human GABA type A receptor, this pilot study validated FDD platform's applicability to deep sequencing (up to 99% coverage), H/D-exchange and TMT-based structural mapping. FDD discovered novel subunit-specific PTM signatures, including unusual nontop-surface N-glycosylations, that may drive subunit biases in human Cys-loop LGIC assembly and pharmacology, by redefining subunit/ligand interfaces and connecting function domains.
Neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors in the lower urinary tract (1996)

In addition to transmitters stored in and released from terminals of efferent nerves, transmitters of afferent nerves and their receptors are also involved in the control of lower urinary tract function. Tachykinins, such as substance P and neurokinins A and B, and other neuropeptides have been demonstrated in nerves of the the lower urinary tract and shown to be able to influence bladder function. Drugs affecting these nerves by causing release of tachykinins, and agents antagonizing tachykinin receptors, may be of therapeutic interest. New information on the alpha-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor subtypes mediating contraction of the human urethra and detrusor, respectively, has emerged, and may be the basis for the development of compounds with selectivity for the urethra or the bladder 'Non-classical' transmitters, such as nitric oxide, may also be of importance for bladder function. Nitric oxide derived from nerves seems to be involved in reflex relaxation of the outflow region at the start of micturition. However, nitric oxide derived from other sources may have a role in bladder disorders, such as interstitial cystitis.