gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic spikes mediate negative synaptic gain control in cerebellar Purkinje cells (2010)

Dendritic spikes appear to be a ubiquitous feature of dendritic excitability. In cortical pyramidal neurons, dendritic spikes increase the efficacy of distal synapses, providing additional inward current to enhance axonal action potential (AP) output, thus increasing synaptic gain. In cerebellar Purkinje cells, dendritic spikes can trigger synaptic plasticity, but their influence on axonal output is not well understood. We have used simultaneous somatic and dendritic patch-clamp recordings to directly assess the impact of dendritic calcium spikes on axonal AP output of Purkinje cells. Dendritic spikes evoked by parallel fiber input triggered brief bursts of somatic APs, followed by pauses in spiking, which cancelled out the extra spikes in the burst. As a result, average output firing rates during trains of input remained independent of the input strength, thus flattening synaptic gain. We demonstrate that this "clamping" of AP output by the pause following dendritic spikes is due to activation of high conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels by dendritic spikes. Dendritic spikes in Purkinje cells, in contrast to pyramidal cells, thus have differential effects on temporally coded and rate coded information: increasing the impact of transient parallel fiber input, while depressing synaptic gain for sustained parallel fiber inputs.
Degradation of Cu-Sn/Pb Surface Layers on Aluminum Conductors by the Action of an Electric Current (1985)

The effect of an electric current on the morphology of the coating layers on an aluminum conductor has been investigated. The results show that an electric current causes profound changes in the coating layers, resulting in substantial degradation of the conductor contact properties.
Clustered Chimera States in Delay-Coupled Oscillator Systems (2008)

We investigate chimera states in a ring of identical phase oscillators coupled in a time-delayed and spatially nonlocal fashion. We find novel clustered chimera states that have spatially distributed phase coherence separated by incoherence with adjacent coherent regions in antiphase. The existence of such time-delay induced phase clustering is further supported through solutions of a generalized functional self-consistency equation of the mean field. Our results highlight an additional mechanism for cluster formation that may find wider practical applications.
Single-crystal II-VI on Si single-junction and tandem solar cells (2010)

CdTe is one of the leading materials used in solar photovoltaics. However, the maximum reported CdTe cell efficiencies are considerably lower than the theoretically expected efficiencies for the ∼1.48 eV CdTe band gap. We report a class of single crystal CdTe-based solar cells grown epitaxially on crystalline Si that show promise for enhancing the efficiency and greatly lowering the cost per watt of single-junction and multijunction solar cells. The current-voltage results for our CdZnTe on Si solar cells show open-circuit voltages significantly higher than previously reported for any II-VI cells and as close to the thermodynamic limit as the best III-V-based cells.
Susceptibility Testing of <i>Malassezia</i> Species Using the Urea Broth Microdilution Method (2000)

A urea broth microdilution method to assay the susceptibilities of seven Malassezia species was developed. This method indicated the same sensitivities as the agar plate dilution method for isolates of Malassezia furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. slooffiae, and M. sympodialis.
Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Geschäftsleitung/Dienststelle und dem Betriebs-/Personalrat (1989)

Bei der Einführung neuer Techniken und Änderung von Arbeitsabläufen ist der Betriebs-/ Personalrat zu beteiligen. Die Grundlage dafür bildet das Betriebsverfassungsgesetz bzw. Landespersonalvertretungsgesetz.
Particle Swarm Optimization (2006)

Foreword. Introduction. Part 1: Particle Swarm Optimization. Chapter 1. What is a difficult problem? Chapter 2. On a table corner. Chapter 3. First formulations. Chapter 4. Benchmark set. Chapter 5. Mistrusting chance. Chapter 6. First results. Chapter 7. Swarm: memory and influence graphs. Chapter 8. Distributions of proximity. Chapter 9. Optimal parameter settings. Chapter 10. Adaptations. Chapter 11. TRIBES or co-operation of tribes. Chapter 12. On the constraints. Chapter 13. Problems and applications. Chapter 14. Conclusion. Part 2: Outlines. Chapter 15. On parallelism. Chapter 16. Combinatorial problems. Chapter 17. Dynamics of a swarm. Chapter 18. Techniques and alternatives. Further Information. Bibliography. Index.
Dynamic personalized pagerank in entity-relation graphs (2007)

Extractors and taggers turn unstructured text into entity-relation(ER) graphs where nodes are entities (email, paper, person,conference, company) and edges are relations (wrote, cited,works-for). Typed proximity search of the form <B>type=personNEAR company~"IBM", paper~"XML"</B> is an increasingly usefulsearch paradigm in ER graphs. Proximity search implementations either perform a Pagerank-like computation at query time, which is slow, or precompute, store and combine per-word Pageranks, which can be very expensive in terms of preprocessing time and space. We present HubRank, a new system for fast, dynamic, space-efficient proximity searches in ER graphs. During preprocessing, HubRank computesand indexes certain "sketchy" random walk fingerprints for a small fraction of nodes, carefully chosen using query log statistics. At query time, a small "active" subgraph is identified, bordered bynodes with indexed fingerprints. These fingerprints are adaptively loaded to various resolutions to form approximate personalized Pagerank vectors (PPVs). PPVs at remaining active nodes are now computed iteratively. We report on experiments with CiteSeer's ER graph and millions of real Cite Seer queries. Some representative numbers follow. On our testbed, HubRank preprocesses and indexes 52 times faster than whole-vocabulary PPV computation. A text index occupies 56 MB. Whole-vocabulary PPVs would consume 102GB. If PPVs are truncated to 56 MB, precision compared to true Pagerank drops to 0.55; incontrast, HubRank has precision 0.91 at 63MB. HubRank's average querytime is 200-300 milliseconds; query-time Pagerank computation takes 11 seconds on average.
Structure learning in hidden conditional random fields for grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (2013)

International audience
Security for distributed object-oriented systems (2002)

Object-oriented security mechanisms can provide scalable, fine-grained access control in both applications and at the boundary controller. Existing commercial work has neglected fine-grained access control at the boundary controller. Standards organizations have also neglected security management issues that are vital for scalability. This research focuses on role-based access control mechanisms for CORBA and Java RMI. The resulting approach has been tested through a variety of methods and integrated with several other research prototypes. We describe our access control implementations and the results of our testing and integration activities.
Fully-integrated image rejection RF front-end design (2011)

A radio-frequency front-end receiver, based on double-quadrature architecture within polyphase filters to achieve high image rejection ratio (IRR), is proposed in this paper. A tunable polyphase filter topology that allows counteracting the process spread and frequency drifts is dealt with. The 2.4GHz image rejection front-end, implemented in 130nm standard CMOS technology, ensures more than 60dB IRR and good linearity in high frequency applications.
Ultra-Fast Optimal Pathfinding without Runtime Search (2011)

Pathfinding is important in many applications, including games, robotics and GPS itinerary planning. In games, most pathfinding methods rely on runtime search. Despite numerous enhancements introduced in recent years, runtime search has the disadvantage that, in bad cases, most parts of a map need to be explored, causing a time performance degradation. In this work we explore a significantly different approach to pathfinding, eliminating the need for runtime search. Optimal paths between all pairs of locations are pre-computed. Since straightforward ways to store pre-computed paths are prohibitively expensive even for maps of moderate size, pre-computed data are compressed, reducing the memory requirements dramatically. At runtime, pathfinding is very fast, as it requires visiting only the locations on an optimal path. In each location, a quick computation provides the next move along the optimal path. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on Baldur's Gate game maps. The compression factor reaches two orders of magnitude, bringing the memory requirements down to reasonable values. Compared to A* search, the runtime speedup reaches and even exceeds two orders of magnitude. When averaged over paths of similar cost, the speedup reaches a value of 700 in our experiments.
An RNA/DNA hybrid origami-based nanoplatform for efficient gene therapy (2021)

Nucleic acid nanostructures are promising biomaterials for the delivery of homologous gene therapy drugs. Herein, we report a facile strategy for the construction of target mRNA (scaffold) and antisense (staple strands) co-assembled RNA/DNA hybrid "origami" for efficient gene therapy. In our design, the mRNA was folded into a chemically well-defined nanostructure through RNA-DNA hybridization with high yield. After the incorporation of an active cell-targeting aptamer, the tailored RNA/DNA hybrid origami demonstrated efficient cellular uptake and controllable release of antisenses in response to intracellular RNase H digestion. The biocompatible RNA/DNA origami (RDO) elicited a noticeable inhibition of cell proliferation based on the silencing of the tumor-associated gene polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). This RDO-based nanoplatform provides a novel strategy for the further development of gene therapy.
Techniques for the Application of Stereotactic Head Frames Based on a 25-Year Experience (2016)

The use of skull fixed stereotactic head frames remains an integral part of neurosurgical practice. Methods for the positioning, anesthesia, and fixation have been described in various publications. The authors describe the steps used currently that reflect a 25-year experience with stereotactic frame application. Photographs were obtained throughout the set-up and frame application process. The step-by-step methods were described with accompanying figures. Consent was obtained from that patient to allow for photographs throughout the frame application process. Consent was also obtained from a separate patient for videotaping the entire application process. Descriptive tags are embedded in the video to assist with the instruction of the senior author's (MWM) methods. The senior author has used the described method in over 1,000 cases. A recent analysis of the patient pain experience has been reported and is well tolerated. Supplemental devices beyond the manufacturers' standard equipment have been employed or developed: ethyl chloride spray, angled front posts, frame positioner, and torque wrenches. There have been no shunt perforations, no cranial vault penetrations, one titanium mesh cranioplasty deformation, three pin site infections (3 patients; 4,000 pin sites; 0.075%), and one thermal injury (0.025%). Stereotactic head frame application remains an important part of neurosurgical practice. The steps in application employed here after a 25-year experience appear to make the procedure well tolerated by patients. The authors hope this instructional article will be of value to new users who practice stereotactic radiosurgery, frame-based biopsy, depth electrode placement, or deep brain stimulator implantation.
Synchronization in Small-World Systems (2002)

We quantify the dynamical implications of the small-world phenomenon by considering the generic synchronization of oscillator networks of arbitrary topology. The linear stability of the synchronous state is linked to an algebraic condition of the Laplacian matrix of the network. Through numerics and analysis, we show how the addition of random shortcuts translates into improved network synchronizability. Applied to networks of low redundancy, the small-world route produces synchronizability more efficiently than standard deterministic graphs, purely random graphs, and ideal constructive schemes. However, the small-world property does not guarantee synchronizability: the synchronization threshold lies within the boundaries, but linked to the end of the small-world region.
Study of Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode Life Cycle Using Plant Tissue Culture Method (2007)

After optimization of sterilizing of cyst and larva second stage of Heterodera schachtii, possibility of using nematode on seedlings of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in in vitro conditions were studied using sterilized larvae of beet cyst nematode. For this purpose, non sterile cysts were extracted from infected soil and hatched into zinc chloride solution with concentration of 0.5 g L(-1). Then, for preparation of sterile second stage larvae, several sterilizing treatments were used. Mean comparisons were performed between sterilized live larvae number by Duncan's method. Results showed that 70% ethanol for 1 min followed by 2.5% hypochlorite sodium for 5 minutes and 0.1% hypochlorite sodium for 20 min were best treatments for disinfecting cysts and larvae, respectively. In parallel, two nematode susceptible sugar beet varieties were applied to produce seedlings in in vitro culture. PG(oB) medium containing different hormonal compositions was used for producing of hairy roots and inoculation of seedling with sterilized larvae. After nematode inoculation tests, daily observations were done by counting cysts and stained roots and larvae under stereomicroscope. Between 5-12 cysts formed on the roots of each seedling from two varieties 40 days after inoculation. As a result, it seems that this technique can be used for sugar beet germplasm evaluation to screen nematode resistant genotypes in in vitro controlled condition.
Mechanism of<scp>l</scp>-Arginine Production by<scp>l</scp>-Arginine-producing Mutants of<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (1979)

Regulatory properties of the arginine biosynthetic enzymes in the l-arginine producers of Corynebacterium glutamicum were examined. d-Serine-sensitive l-arginine producer, DSS–8, had derepressed level of l-arginine biosynthetic enzymes, but had an N-acetylglutamokinase, the key enzyme of l-arginine biosynthetic pathway, sensitive to the feedback inhibition by l-arginine. d-Serine-sensitive and d-arginine-resistant l-arginine producer, KY10479, had an N-acetylglutamokinase released from the feedback inhibition by l-arginine. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to l-arginine productivity, d-serine sensitivity, l-arginine analog resistance and regulation of l-arginine biosynthesis in these mutants.
Occurrence and Diversity of CRISPR-Cas Systems in the Genus Bifidobacterium (2015)

CRISPR-Cas systems constitute adaptive immune systems for antiviral defense in bacteria. We investigated the occurrence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in 48 Bifidobacterium genomes to gain insights into the diversity and co-evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems within the genus and investigate CRISPR spacer content. We identified the elements necessary for the successful targeting and inference of foreign DNA in select Type II CRISPR-Cas systems, including the tracrRNA and target PAM sequence. Bifidobacterium species have a very high frequency of CRISPR-Cas occurrence (77%, 37 of 48). We found that many Bifidobacterium species have unusually large and diverse CRISPR-Cas systems that contain spacer sequences showing homology to foreign genetic elements like prophages. A large number of CRISPR spacers in bifidobacteria show perfect homology to prophage sequences harbored in the chromosomes of other species of Bifidobacterium, including some spacers that self-target the chromosome. A correlation was observed between strains that lacked CRISPR-Cas systems and the number of times prophages in that chromosome were targeted by other CRISPR spacers. The presence of prophage-targeting CRISPR spacers and prophage content may shed light on evolutionary processes and strain divergence. Finally, elements of Type II CRISPR-Cas systems, including the tracrRNA and crRNAs, set the stage for the development of genome editing and genetic engineering tools.
A Fiber-Optic Immunosensor for Detecting Parathion (1992)

Abstract Casein-parathion conjugates, immobilized by adsorption on quartz fibers, selectively adsorbed antiparathion rabbit antibodies raised against bovine serum albumin (BSA)-parathion conjugates from polyclonal immune sera. The presence of free parathion interfered with binding of the rabbit's antiparathion Abs. Fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) goat antirabbit IgG were used to generate an optical signal, which was measured by a signal transducer based on total internal reflection fluorescence. Inhibition of binding of rabbit Abs by free parathion, reduced the optical signal and provided the basis for detection of parathion with this optical immununosensor. It could detect 0.3 ppb parathion and was highly specific since its detection of the oxygen analog paraoxon was possible at 100-fold higher concentration.
Multiservice networking using a component-based switch and router architecture (2002)

Network operators have long striven to utilize equipment from multiple vendors to drive down costs. Furthermore, in competitive environments, operators have separated out the functions of the network elements and distributed them in order to differentiate the offered services. This trend began with deregulation in the telephone industry and promises to accelerate in the Internet age.
Micropower Circuits for Bidirectional Wireless Telemetry in Neural Recording Applications (2005)

State-of-the art neural recording systems require electronics allowing for transcutaneous, bidirectional data transfer. As these circuits will be implanted near the brain, they must be small and low power. We have developed micropower integrated circuits for recovering clock and data signals over a transcutaneous power link. The data recovery circuit produces a digital data signal from an ac power waveform that has been amplitude modulated. We have also developed an FM transmitter with the lowest power dissipation reported for biosignal telemetry. The FM transmitter consists of a low-noise biopotential amplifier and a voltage controlled oscillator used to transmit amplified neural signals at a frequency near 433 MHz. All circuits were fabricated in a standard 0.5-microm CMOS VLSI process. The resulting chip is powered through a wireless inductive link. The power consumption of the clock and data recovery circuits is measured to be 129 microW; the power consumption of the transmitter is measured to be 465 microW when using an external surface mount inductor. Using a parasitic antenna less than 2 mm long, a received power level was measured to be -59.73 dBm at a distance of one meter.
Metal to glass anodic bonding for microsystems packaging (2004)

In this communication, we report on metal to glass anodic bonding for Microsystems packaging. Bonded Pyrex-Foturan/Metal double stack and Silicon/Pyrex/Metal triple stack were investigated for applications in the sensor encapsulation field. Anodic bonding of metals, sheets of Invar, Kovar, Alloy 42 and Titanium, and thin films of Titanium, to Ion-containing glasses with two different thermal expansion coefficients, Pyrex and Foturan, was evaluated in terms of samples preparation, bonding parameters, and bonding characteristics. Selected metals anodically bonded to glass exhibited levels of residual stress, strength and tightness that make this technique suitable for packaging Microsystems, silicon piezoresistive sensors and micro-fluidic systems, among others.
In Search of Optimal Long-Term Female Hormone Replacement: The Potential of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (1997)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) comprise a group of structurally diverse compounds which are distinguished from estrogens by their ability to interact with the estrogen receptor but to act as either an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue and hormonal milieu. The mechanisms by which SERMs elicit tissue-specific responses are being intensively investigated, and recently a novel pathway for estrogen receptor-mediated gene activation by the SERM raloxifene has been demonstrated. The tissue-specific activity of SERMs suggests that they may be clinically useful as, for example, potential substitutes for long-term female hormone replacement therapy. Large-scale clinical testing currently in progress for raloxifene, and soon to begin for other SERMs, will evaluate this important potential.
Basal Release of ATP: An Autocrine-Paracrine Mechanism for Cell Regulation (2010)

Cells release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activates plasma membrane-localized P2X and P2Y receptors and thereby modulates cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Release of ATP and the subsequent activation of P2 receptors help establish the basal level of activation (sometimes termed "the set point") for signal transduction pathways and regulate a wide array of responses that include tissue blood flow, ion transport, cell volume regulation, neuronal signaling, and host-pathogen interactions. Basal release and autocrine or paracrine responses to ATP are multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved, and provide an economical means for the modulation of cell, tissue, and organismal biology.
Identification and Characterization of a Functional Nuclear Localization Signal in the HIV-1 Integrase Interactor LEDGF/p75 (2004)

Human lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 protein forms a specific nuclear complex with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase and is essential for nuclear localization and chromosomal association of the viral protein. We now studied nuclear import of LEDGF/p75 in live and semipermeabilized cells. We show that nuclear import of LEDGF/p75 is GTP-, Ran-, importin-alpha/beta-, and energy-dependent and that the protein competes with the canonical SV40 large T antigen nuclear localization signal (NLS) for nuclear import receptors. We identified the NLS of LEDGF/p75 through deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. The LEDGF/p75 NLS, 148GRKRKAEKQ156, belongs to the canonical SV40-like family. Fusion of this short peptide to the amino terminus of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase rendered the fusion protein nuclear, confirming that the LEDGF/p75 NLS is transferable. Moreover, a single amino acid change in the NLS was sufficient to exclude the mutant LEDGF/p75 protein from the nucleus and abolish nuclear import of HIV-1 integrase.