gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CertiKOS: an extensible architecture for building certified concurrent OS kernels (2016)

Complete formal verification of a non-trivial concurrent OS kernel is widely considered a grand challenge. We present a novel compositional approach for building certified concurrent OS kernels. Concurrency allows interleaved execution of kernel/user modules across different layers of abstraction. Each such layer can have a different set of observable events. We insist on formally specifying these layers and their observable events, and then verifying each kernel module at its proper abstraction level. To support certified linking with other CPUs or threads, we prove a strong contextual refinement property for every kernel function, which states that the implementation of each such function will behave like its specification under any kernel/user context with any valid interleaving. We have successfully developed a practical concurrent OS kernel and verified its (contextual) functional correctness in Coq. Our certified kernel is written in 6500 lines of C and x86 assembly and runs on stock x86 multicore machines. To our knowledge, this is the first proof of functional correctness of a complete, general-purpose concurrent OS kernel with fine-grained locking.
VACANCY CLUSTERS IN DISLOCATION-FREE SILICON (1970)

Dislocation-free silicon crystals made by the floating zone technique contain vacancy clusters formed during cooling of the crystal after growth. The distribution and concentration of these defects have been determined. A model is presented describing the formation of these clusters. The influence of vacancy clusters on the leakage current of planar diodes is investigated.
The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. (1997)

Chromosome XV was one of the last two chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be discovered. It is the third-largest yeast chromosome after chromosomes XII and IV, and is very similar in size to chromosome VII. It alone represents 9% of the yeast genome (8% if ribosomal DNA is included). When systematic sequencing of chromosome XV was started, 93 genes or markers were identified, and most of them were mapped. However, very little else was known about chromosome XV which, in contrast to shorter chromosomes, had not been the object of comprehensive genetic or molecular analysis. It was therefore decided to start sequencing chromosome XV only in the third phase of the European Yeast Genome Sequencing Programme, after experience was gained on chromosomes III, XI and II. The sequence of chromosome XV has been determined from a set of partly overlapping cosmid clones derived from a unique yeast strain, and physically mapped at 3.3-kilobase resolution before sequencing. As well as numerous new open reading frames (ORFs) and genes encoding tRNA or small RNA molecules, the sequence of 1,091,283 base pairs confirms the high proportion of orphan genes and reveals a number of ancestral and successive duplications with other yeast chromosomes.
Improved Noise and Attack Robustness for Semantic Segmentation by Using Multi-Task Training with Self-Supervised Depth Estimation (2020)

While current approaches for neural network training often aim at improving performance, less focus is put on training methods aiming at robustness towards varying noise conditions or directed attacks by adversarial examples. In this paper, we propose to improve robustness by a multi-task training, which extends supervised semantic segmentation by a self-supervised monocular depth estimation on unlabeled videos. This additional task is only performed during training to improve the semantic segmentation model's robustness at test time under several input perturbations. Moreover, we even find that our joint training approach also improves the performance of the model on the original (supervised) semantic segmentation task. Our evaluation exhibits a particular novelty in that it allows to mutually compare the effect of input noises and adversarial attacks on the robustness of the semantic segmentation. We show the effectiveness of our method on the Cityscapes dataset, where our multi-task training approach consistently outperforms the single-task semantic segmentation baseline in terms of both robustness vs. noise and in terms of adversarial attacks, without the need for depth labels in training.
Antiretroviral therapy, interferon sensitivity, and virologic setpoint in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients (2014)

ART is associated with lower post-IFN HCV RNA levels and that change is linked to reduced hepatic ISG expression. These data support recommendations to provide ART prior to IFN-based treatment of HCV and may provide insights into the pathogenesis of HIV-HCV coinfection.
Plasma-based die singulation processing technology (2014)

In support of improved productivity for the semiconductor and optoelectronics manufacturing industry, new work is presented on the development of a plasma-based die singulation process technique for thin Si wafers. It is shown that the technique leads to a significant gain in productivity through reduced process times and increased available good die per wafer. Some additional related key benefits are increased yield, die strength, and the potential of nonorthogonal die.
SYNTHESIS OF 2,2-DIMETHYL-3, 4-EPOXY-2<b><i>H</i></b>-NAPHTHO[2,3-<i>b</i>]PYRAN-5, 10-DIONE (2001)

A short and convenient synthesis of benzopyranoquinone 6 and its application to the preparation of epoxynaphthopyanoquinone 1 is described.
Decentralized control strategies for web tension control system (2002)

Web tension control systems have a structure of multi-inputs and multi-outputs consisting of many subsystems. Those subsystems are divided into two main groups of systems such as tension control and speed control systems, and have strong interactions between neighboring subsystems through the associated web tensions. The decentralized controller of each control station attached to a subsystem is expected to control the output according to the reference regardless of the interactions. This paper shows some control strategies to compare the performance and to study the decentralized control concept. Two methodologies for designing the controller are presented. One is a high gain adaptive control scheme, and the other is an H-infinity control scheme where a new weighting function is introduced to obtain global stability. From a computer simulation, each benefit for the control strategy is discussed.
One-step conversion of carbonyl compounds into acetylenes (1973)

E. W. Colvin and B. J. Hamill, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 151 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000151
Illumination of flat or unstable samples for Raman measurements using optical fibres (1980)

Abstract By using optical fibres the sample surfaces can be illuminated widely and uniformly. This technique is useful for the Raman measurements of a small amount of surface species and also unstable surface species.
A Novel Binding Site for the Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-II (IGF-II)/Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor on IGF-II (2007)

The mammalian insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF2R) binds IGF-II with high affinity. By targeting IGF-II to lysosomal degradation, it plays a role in the maintenance of correct IGF-II levels in the circulation and in target tissues. Loss of IGF2R function is associated with tumor progression; therefore, the IGF2R is often referred to as a tumor suppressor. The interaction between IGF2R and IGF-II involves domains 11 and 13 of the 15 extracellular domains of the receptor. Recently, a hydrophobic binding region was identified on domain 11 of the IGF2R. In contrast, relatively little is known about the residues of IGF-II that are involved in IGF2R binding and the determinants of IGF2R specificity for IGF-II over the structurally related IGF-I. Using a series of novel IGF-II analogues and surface plasmon resonance assays, this study revealed a novel binding surface on IGF-II critical for IGF2R binding. The hydrophobic residues Phe(19) and Leu(53) are critical for IGF2R binding, as are residues Thr(16) and Asp(52). Furthermore, Thr(16) was identified as playing a major role in determining why IGF-II, but not IGF-I, binds with high affinity to the IGF2R.
Range clusters based time-of-flight 3D imaging obstacle detection in manifold space (2014)

A new obstacle detection method using time-of-flight 3D imaging sensor based on range clusters is proposed. To effectively reduce the influence of outlier and noise in range images, we utilize intensity images to estimate noise deviation of the range images and a weighted local linear smoothing is used to project the data into a new manifold surface. The proposed method divides the 3D imaging data into range clusters with different shapes and sizes according to the distance ambient relation between the pixels, and some regulation criterions are set to adjust the range clusters into optimal shape and size. Experiments on the SwissRanger sensor data show that, compared to the traditional obstacle detection methods based on regular data patches, the proposed method can give more precious detection results.
Photoemission and Inverse Photoemission Studies on Organic Semiconductor Thin Films (INTERFACE SCIENCE-Molecular Aggregates) (1998)

Ultraviolet photoemission (PE) and inverse photoemission (IPE) spectra were measured for evaporated thin films of perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and N, N'-dimethylperylene-3, 4, 9, 10- bis(dicarboximide) (DM-PBDCI), the latter known as an n-type organic semiconductor and the semiconducting nature of the former still unidentified. The electronic structure around the energy gap, obtained from the combination of PE and IPE spectra observed, turns out to be almost common between the two compounds, indicating that PTCDA could be grouped into the n-type semiconductor.
Renin angiotensin system and gender differences in the cardiovascular system (2002)

In the effort to explain gender-related differences of the cardiovascular system, the renin-angiotensin system experienced intensive exploration. Indeed, the development of hypertension as well as the progression of coronary artery disease and heart failure have two factors in common: (1) display distinct gender specific characteristics and (2) are enhanced by the renin-angiotensin system. It is therefore interesting to note that data from experimental animals, epidemiological surveys, and clinical investigations suggest that the components of the circulating as well as tissue-based renin-angiotensin system are markedly affected by gender. However, the issue is complicated by counter-regulatory effects of estrogen on the system with the substrate, on one hand, and the processing enzymes as well as the chief receptor, on the other hand. In fact, angiotensinogen is up-regulated particularly by oral administration of estrogen, whereas renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and AT-1 receptor are down-regulated by the hormone. While under well-defined experimental conditions the net effect of estrogen appears to result in suppression of the renin-angiotensin system, the clinical situation may be more complex. The judgment is further complicated by the difficulty in precisely measuring the activity of the system at the tissue level. Moreover, clinically relevant read-outs for the activity of the renin-angiotensin system may be regulated multifactorially or only indirectly affected by the system. Nevertheless, the undisputable, profound biochemical changes in the renin-angiotensin system related to the estrogen status allow speculation that such interaction explains some of the differences in the cardiovascular system of men and women.
AQuaFWiN: adaptive QoS framework for multimedia in wireless networks and its comparison with other QoS frameworks (2003)

In a wireless environment, due to topology changes and characteristics of media (interference in radio signals) the bandwidth of a link is unpredictable and possibly very low, the error rates are variable and extremely high. Provisioning and guaranteeing quality of service (QoS) in such an environment is a very challenging problem. In this paper we propose an adaptive and QoS framework to support multimedia applications in a wireless networking environment. The proposed framework is hierarchical in nature with cluster of mobile end hosts connected to a base station, base stations are connected to a supervisory node, which in turn is connected to the wired infrastructure. The changing conditions in wireless due to interference and possibly mobility, entitle that the real-time applications needing stringent QoS should be adaptable. The framework uses a generic feedback mechanism to support adaptability at all layers of the wireless network. An overview of existing wireless architectures which support QoS is given. The architectures discussed are WAMIS (wireless adaptive multimedia information system), SWAN (seamless wireless ATM network), MMWN (multimedia support for mobile wireless networks), and QGMC (QoS guarantees in mobile computing). The proposed approach is compared with these existing methods.
Percepções frente ao álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolista de estudantes da área de saúde em uma instituição de ensino de Minas Gerais (2014)

O alcool etilico ou etanol e a droga licita mais utilizada pelo homem, esta e conhecida desde a antiguidade quando se deu o surgimento do vinho no meio social. Os efeitos agudos do alcool no cerebro sao comuns aos conhecimentos de todos, seja pela experiencia pessoal, seja pela observacao da intoxicacao em outros individuos. O alcoolismo e entao um problema social e de saude publica, sendo no Brasil a terceira causa de aposentadorias por invalidez e ocupa o segundo lugar entre os demais transtornos mentais. O alcoolista se caracteriza por uma intensa oscilacao que varia da exaltacao euforica, megalomaniaca e depressao melancolica, quase suicida, que alimenta a culpabilidade e o sentimento de indignidade. Assim, embora ele beba para ficar euforico, ao beber nao deixa de ficar deprimido podendo levar a alteracoes comportamentais. O objetivo foi avaliar as percepcoes de estudantes da area de saude, frente ao alcool, o alcoolismo e alcoolista, bem como determinas as diferencas entre os cursos avaliados. Na metodologia as percepcoes foram avaliadas utilizando escala de concordância do tipo Likert,, atraves de um questionario contendo afirmacoes em tres niveis de concordância. Nos tres instrumentos ocorreram pequenas oscilacoes porem sem diferencas significativas.  Na primeira parte foram realizadas perguntas favoraveis ao alcool avaliando a aceitacao frente ao alcool. A segunda parte sobre percepcoes dos alunos frente ao alcoolista com afirmacoes desfavoraveis, assim a concordância aos itens pretendeu-se avaliar as percepcoes que estes mesmos alunos possuem com relacao a rejeicao ao alcoolista A terceira parte sobre o alcoolismo teve afirmacoes sobre a opiniao das causas do alcoolismo, Pode se observar que apesar das pequenas diferencas, as mesmas nao foram significativas o leva a concluir que as percepcoes dos alunos de enfermagem, biomedicina e nutricao, frente ao alcool, alcoolismo alcoolista sao semelhantes tanto em seus aspectos positivos como negativos.
Educational system and high school mathematics curriculum in Denmark, Japan and the Philippines (1997)

Glass and protein-covered surfaces when treated with the platelet-secreted glycoprotein thrombospondin lose their capacity to bind unstimulated platelets. In comparison to the number that bind to fibronectin-covered glass surfaces, less than 3% bind to thrombospondin-covered glass surfaces. When the fibronectin-covered surface is incubated with thrombospondin, it loses 87% of its binding capacity for platelets. The inhibitory effect of thrombospondin on platelet binding increases with increasing amounts of the adsorbed protein and reaches maximal values at 65% saturation of the adsorption of thrombospondin to the surface. Platelet spreading on the surface is also completely inhibited by thrombospondin. These data suggest that thrombospondin is nonthrombogenic and can modulate platelet adhesion to the subendothelium.
[Anti-arrhythmia effect of digoxin antibodies in experimental myocardial infarct (arrhythmogenic action of endogenous digoxin-like factor)]. (1991)

Suggesting endogenous digoxin-like factor (EDLF) to display arrhythmogenic activities in myocardial ischemia (MI), we studied the effect of anti-digoxin antiserum (ADS) on the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) after the coronary ligation in cats and ventricular arrhythmias caused by MI in rats and chloroform-induced hypoxia in mice. Intravenous administration of ADS (5 mg/kg) enhanced VFT in cats with MI from 11.3 +/- 1.6 to 53.3 +/- 8.1 V (M +/- m; p less than 0.01) and significantly reduced ventricular arrhythmias in rats and mice. Our experiments on the isolated electro-stimulated rat atria demonstrated that EDLF is likely not to be an adrenergic cotransmitter in the heart. Possible mechanisms of the arrhythmogenic action of EDLF are discussed.
The fatty liver dystrophy (fld) mutation (1989)

An autosomal recessive mutation, termed fatty liver dystrophy (fld), can be identified in neonatal mice by their enlarged and fatty liver (Sweet, H. O., Birkenmeier, E. H., and Davisson, M. T. (1988) Mouse News Letter 81, 69). We have examined the underlying metabolic abnormalities in fld/fld mice from postnatal days 3-40. Serum and hepatic triglyceride levels were elevated 5-fold in suckling fld/fld mice compared to their +/? littermates but abruptly resolved at the suckling/weaning transition. Blot hybridization analysis of liver and intestinal RNAs revealed a liver-specific increase in apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV and C-II mRNA concentrations (100- and 6-fold, respectively) that was limited to the suckling and early weaning stages in fld/fld mice. Resolution of these differences during the weaning period could not be delayed by prolonging suckling to the 20th postnatal day nor could the mutant phenotype be elicited in young adult animals with a high fat diet. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was reduced 16-fold in the white adipose tissue of fld/fld mice until the onset of weaning. Heart activity was decreased less than 2-fold, but there were no deficits in brown adipose tissue or liver. Hepatic lipase (HL) mRNA levels and activity were significantly reduced in fld/fld livers and sera, respectively, during the suckling period. Mapping studies show the fld locus to be distinct from loci encoding LPL, HL, and apoA-IV, and those responsible for the combined lipase deficiencies in cld/cld and W/Wv mice. These data suggest that the fld mutation is associated with developmentally programmed tissue-specific defects in the neonatal expression of LPL and HL activities and provide evidence for a new regulatory locus which affects these lipase activities. This mutation could serve as a useful model for (i) analyzing the homeostatic mechanisms controlling lipid metabolism in newborn mice and (ii) understanding and treating certain inborn errors in human triglyceride metabolism.
The maximal stimulation and facial nerve conduction latency tests: Predicting the outcome of bell's palsy (1994)

Abstract To test the hypothesis that the facial nerve conduction latency test is a better and earlier indicator of prognosis than other electrodiagnostic tests, 86 patients with Bell's palsy were followed for a minimum of 4 months. To select control subjects for our own research clinic and for comparison with the patient population, latency values in 25 normal volunteers (50 sides) were determined. Serial maximal stimulation tests (MST) and latency tests were conducted to determine disease severity and prognosis in Bell's palsy patients. Outcome was graded using the Facial Paralysis Recovery Profile (FPRP) and Facial Paralysis Recovery Index (FPRI) as well as the House grading system. The capability of the two tests to accurately predict outcome was evaluated. The MST accurately predicted outcome in 94% of patients studied. In the control group, normal latency values were a mean 3.8 msec with a standard deviation of 0.49. In the patient population, latency values were either within normal limits or absent. When done within 4 days of onset of Bell's palsy, neither test was capable of predicting axonal degeneration. Statistical analyses included Fisher's Exact Test, the paired Student's t test, and correlation coefficient calculations.
Differential pulse-code modulation of the Wiener process (1978)

The performance of DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation) with uniform quantization with the Wiener process input is analyzed. The approach taken is to establish an equation for the characteristic function of error distribution and then to solve its steady-state version. No use is made in the derivation of the approximating concepts of slope overload error and granular error. Exact formulas are derived which give the mean-squared-error in terms of the step size 2Δ and the number of levels <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> of quantization. Curves are shown for two kinds of mean-squared-error versus Δ or <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> , and are compared with the rate distortion function.
Characterization of wild‐type and mutant forms of human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (2006)

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin. In vertebrates, the homologous genes tph1 and tph2 encode two different enzymes with distinct patterns of expression, enzyme kinetics and regulation. Variants of TPH2 have recently reported to be associated with reduced serotonin production and behavioural alterations in man and mice. We have produced the human forms of these enzymes in Esherichia coli and in human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK293) and examined the effects of mutations on their heterologous expression levels, solubility, thermal stability, secondary structure, and catalytic properties. Pure human TPH2 P449R (corresponds to mouse P447R) had comparable catalytic activity (V(max)) and solubility relative to the wild type, but had decreased thermal stability; whereas human TPH2 R441H had decreased activity, solubility and stability. Thus, we consider the variations in kinetic values between wild-type and TPH2 mutants to be of secondary importance to their effects on protein stability and solubility. These findings provide potential molecular explanations for disorders related to the central serotonergic system, such as depression or suicidal behaviour.