gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface α-Enolase Promotes Extracellular Matrix Degradation and Tumor Metastasis and Represents a New Therapeutic Target (2013)

In previous research, we found α-enolase to be inversely correlated with progression-free and overall survival in lung cancer patients and detected α-enolase on the surface of lung cancer cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that surface α-enolase has a significant role in cancer metastasis and tested this hypothesis in the current study. We found that α-enolase was co-immunoprecipitated with urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, and plasminogen in lung cancer cells and interacted with these proteins in a cell-free dot blotting assay, which can be interrupted by α-enolase-specific antibody. α-Enolase in lung cancer cells co-localized with these proteins and was present at the site of pericellular degradation of extracellular matrix components. Treatment with antibody against α-enolase in vitro suppressed cell-associated plasminogen and matrix metalloproteinase activation, collagen and gelatin degradation, and cell invasion. Examination of the effect of treatment with shRNA plasmids revealed that down regulation of α-enolase decreases extracellular matrix degradation by and the invasion capacity of lung cancer cells. Adoptive transfer of α-enolase-specific antibody to mice resulted in accumulation of antibody in subcutaneous tumor and inhibited the formation of tumor metastasis in lung and bone. This study demonstrated that surface α-enolase promotes extracellular matrix degradation and invasion of cancer cells and that targeting surface α-enolase is a promising approach to suppress tumor metastasis.
Synthesis, characterization and EPR spectroscopy of novel s-triazines bearing three oxygen-linked phthalocyanines (2004)

Compound 1 (2,4,6-tris(2-oxaphthalonitrile)- s -triazine) has been prepared by the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile and cyanuric acid in dry DMF as the solvent in the presence of K 2 CO 3 as the base. An interesting s -triazine, containing three oxa metal phthalocyanines ( M = Zn , Co or Cu ) has been synthesized from compound 1, 4,5-bis(hexylthio)phthalonitrile and the corresponding anhydrous metal salts ( Zn ( OAc ) 2 , CoCl 2 or CuCl ) by the method of statistically mixed condensation. The new compounds and phthalocyanines were obtained in sufficient purity after successive washings with different solvents and were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, IR, NMR and EPR spectroscopy.
Graphene growth on epitaxial Ru thin films on sapphire (2010)

Single crystalline Ru(0001) thin films epitaxially grown on sapphire (0001) substrates were used as sacrificial metal templates for the synthesis of high-quality graphene with uniform monolayer thickness and full surface coverage. Removal of the metal template by etching transferred monolayer graphene with good crystal quality onto the insulating sapphire support. Our findings demonstrate epitaxial Ru(0001) films on sapphire (0001) as a substrate for the scalable synthesis of high-quality graphene for applications.
An efficient method for the synthesis of selenium modified nucleosides: its application in the synthesis of Se-adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-selenomethionine (SeAM) (2015)

In this paper, we report that a versatile method for the synthesis of 5'-selenium modified nucleosides has been explored on the basis of a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (TSE) selenyl group as a selenating donor. We demonstrate the broad utility of this method through direct introduction of various functional groups into 5'-TSE-selenonucleosides. This original method offers additional advantages for the preparation of these compounds, such as high functional group tolerance, ready availability of various electrophilic reagents, mild conditions, simple operation, and good yields. The utility of this approach is further demonstrated by the synthesis of Se-adenosyl-L-selenomethionine (SeAM) as a chemical reporter for methyltransferases.
Series of New Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes with Tunable Emission Wavelength and Excited State Properties:  Structures, Theoretical Calculations, and Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties (2006)

A series of new cationic iridium(III) complexes [Ir(piq)2(N/\N)]+PF6- (1-6) (piq =1-phenyl-isoquinoline) containing N/\N ligands with different conjugated lengths were synthesized, where the six N/\N ligands were bipyridine, phenanthroline, 2-pyridyl-quinoline, 2,2'-biquinoline, 1,1'-biisoquinoline, and 2-(2-quniolinyl)quinoxaline. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction spectra of three complexes were studied, and the iridium(III) centers were found to adopt a distorted octahedral coordination geometry with cis metalated carbons and trans nitrogen atoms. UV-vis, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations were employed for studying the photophysical and electrochemical properties. And the excited-state properties were investigated in detail. The excited state of complexes is complicated and contains triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT), triplet ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (3LLCT), and ligand-centered (cyclometalated) (3LC) transitions simultaneously. Importantly, the emission wavelength can be tuned significantly from 586 to 732 nm by changing the conjugated length of N/\N ligands.
Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Broken-Spore of Ganoderma lucidum (2012)

The antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of broken-spore of Ganodermalucidum polysaccharides (Gl-BSP) were investigated in vivo and in vitro. It was showed that Gl-BSP (50, 100, and 200 mg kg(-1)) exhibited antitumor effect against Sarcoma 180 (S180) in BALB/c mice. The Gl-BSP was not cytotoxicity in S180 cells and PG cells (human lung carcinoma cell) in vitro. However, serum from Gl-BSP-treated S180-bearing mice significantly inhibited S180 and PG cells proliferation in vitro. Moreover, Gl-BSP promoted the splenic lymphocyte proliferation induced by Con A or LPS, enhanced nature killer cell (NK cell) cytotoxic activity, augmented the percentage of neutral red phagocytosis by macrophages, and increased the percentage of the CD4(+) or CD8(+) subset in S180-bearing mice. The serum level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and nitric oxide was increased by Gl-BSP. Gl-BSP also showed immunomodulatory activities in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, neutralization with anti-TNF-α and/or anti-IFN-γ significantly diminished growth inhibition induced by Gl-BSP-treated serum of S180-bearing mice in S180 or PG cells. These observations suggest that the antitumor activity of Gl-BSP may be mainly related to the activation of the immune response of the host organism by the stimulation of NK cells, T cells, and macrophages.
Is there a case for an optimal export tax on perennial crops (1992)

The idea of an optimal export tax on a commodity is based on the assumption that by imposing a tax, a country can improve its welfare whenit faces a downward-sloping demand curve for the commodity. The idea is thought to be particularly relevant to producers with large world market shares for primary commodities for which the price elasticity of demand is low. An export tax is considered necessary because the scattered farmers'expected marginal revenue is higher than the marginal revenue of the country as a whole. The author uses a model to calculate the optimal tax and to evaluate the effect of the tax and other factors on welfare. Simulation results show that the optimal level of the export tax depends on how farmers and government form their expectations of future prices. The author found that the tax is indeterminate when the government does not know how farmers form their expectations and when farmers'expectations are independent of recent prices or taxes. The author concludes that in imposing an export tax on perennials, a government should give less consideration to the tax's optimality and more to how the tax affects welfare distribution and long-term production.
Cell sheet technology for regeneration of esophageal mucosa. (2012)

The progress of tissue-engineering technology has realized development of new therapies to treat various disorders by using cultured cells. Cell- and tissue-based therapies have been successfully applied to human patients, and several tissue-engineered products have been approved by the regulatory agencies and are commercially available. In the review article, we describe our experience of development and clinical application of cell sheet-based regenerative medicine. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been shown to be useful for removal of gastrointestinal neoplasms with less invasiveness compared with open surgery, especially in esophageal surgery. However, postoperative inflammation and stenosis are major complications observed after intensive mucosal resection. Therefore, we have developed novel regenerative medicine to prevent such complications and promote wound healing of esophageal mucosa after EMR or ESD. Transplantable oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were fabricated from patients' own oral mucosa. Immediately after EMR or ESD, fabricated autologous cell sheets were endoscopically transplanted to the ulcer sites. We performed a preclinical study with a canine model. In human clinical settings, cell culture and cell sheet fabrication were performed in clean rooms according to good manufacturing practice guidelines, and pharmaceutical drugs were used as supplements to culture medium in place of research regents used in animal study. We believe that cell-based regenerative medicine would be useful to improve quality of life of patients after EMR or ESD.
Molecular cloning, expression and immunological characterisation of Lol p 5C, a novel allergen isoform of rye grass pollen demonstrating high IgE reactivity<sup>1</sup> (1999)

A novel isoform of a major rye grass pollen allergen Lol p 5 was isolated from a cDNA expression library. The new isoform, Lol p 5C, shares 95% amino acid sequence identity with Lol p 5A. Both isoforms demonstrated shared antigenic activity but different allergenic activities. Recombinant Lol p 5C demonstrated 100% IgE reactivity in 22 rye grass pollen sensitive patients. In comparison, recombinant Lol p 5A showed IgE reactivity in less than 64% of the patients. Therefore, Lol p 5C represents a novel and highly IgE-reactive isoform allergen of rye grass pollen.
Functional Expression of Ion Channels in Mammalian Systems (2008)

Abstract Originally published in: Expression and Analysis of Recombinant Ions Channels. Edited by Jeffrey J. Clare and Derek J. Trezise. Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐31209‐2 The sections in this article are Introduction c DNA Cloning and Manipulation Choice of Host Cell Background Post‐translational Processing of Heterologous Expressed Ion Channels Cytotoxicity Transient Expression Systems Standard Transient Expression Viral Expression Systems Stable Expression of Ion Channels Bicistronic Expression Systems Stable Expression of Multiple Subunits Inducible Expression Conclusions Acknowledgements
THE MEASUREMENT OF WIND VELOCITY BY SONIC MEANS (1955)

The theory of the measurement of wind velocity by sonic meansis presented. Two methods are discussed for determination of the rectangular components of the wind vector by use of the sonic principle. The response characteristics and application of sonic anemometers are discussed. A sonic anemometer for the measurement of the horizontal wind vector is described.
Ontogeny of cytotoxic T-cell repertoire modification. (1989)

The specificity of the residual anti-B10 cytotoxic T-cell response of B10. A mice rendered neonatally tolerant of B10 was compared to the anti-B10 response of adult and neonatal normal B10. A mice. The response of both spleen cells and thymus cells from adult and neonatal normal mice was biased toward Kb. This was in contrast to the response from tolerant spleen which was biased toward Db. The results suggest that the repertoire of normal mice is established neonatally and does not change radically without specific antigenic challenge. Furthermore the fact that the residual tolerogen specific cytotoxic T-cell precursors (pTc) in tolerant mice have a different repertoire to normal neonates makes it unlikely that they are remnants of a neonatal repertoire that developed prior to the full establishment of tolerance. Taking into account the present and previous results, the residual tolerogen-specific Tc in tolerant mice most likely represent a population of cells that has escaped tolerance induction due to their low avidity for antigen and provide the first evidence that avidity plays a role in tolerance among cytotoxic T cells.
The Production of Beryllium Oxide and Beryllium Copper (1946)

The production of beryllium oxide from beryl ore is described. The acid‐resistant crystalline beryl ore is converted to a reactive form by melting the ore in an electric furnace and quenching the melt. The reactive material is treated with sulfuric acid and beryllium sulfate is produced by a crystallization process. The beryllium sulfate is converted to beryllium oxide by heating. The production of beryllium‐copper in an electric arc furnace by direct reduction of beryllium oxide with carbon in presence of copper is described. Data are given on laboratory results and on production on an industrial scale.
Flexural behavior of precast concrete box beams posttensioned with unbonded, carbon-fibercomposite cables (2008)

A common problem in prestressed concrete box - beam bridges is the corrosion of steel reinforcement due to seepage of moisture and chemicals through longitudinal cracks in the deck slab between adjacent beams. Replacing conventional steel reinforcement with non-corroding fiber-reinforced-polyrner -(FRP) reinforce-ment eliminates the corrosion potential in the concrete of box-beam bridge systems that are reinforced with prestressed carbon-fiber-composite cables. Three box-beam bridge models were designed, constructed, instrumented, and tested to failure. The three bridge models had the same cross section and dimensions. Each bridge model was formed by aligning two -precast, prestressed concrete box beams adjacent to each other, filling the gap between the beams with concrete grout, applying transverse post-tensio, and casting a common deck slab. Each bridge model was reinforced with 14 bottom pretensioned strands 14 top nonprestressed strands, and 8 bottom nonprestressel strands. Two of the bridge models contained 12 unbonded longitudinal strands, which were post-tensioned for only one of the models. The third bridge model did not contain any unbonded longitudinal strands. Generally, the model that includ unbonded longitudinal post-tensioning demonstrated improved flexural behavior and minimized deflections.
The application of magnetic resonance to solid state electronics (1959)

The paper first describes the basic principles and techniques of magnetic resonance experiments, and then outlines four recent applications which are of particular interest in electronics. The concepts involved in these new solid-state electronic devices are introduced by outlining the basic theory of magnetic resonance phenomena. The actual applications are then summarized under the separate section headings of “Hyperfine Structure and the Analysis of Impurities;” “Cyclotron Resonance of Current Carriers;” “Maser Developments from Paramagnetic Resonance;” and “Mavar Developments from Ferromagnetic Resonance.”
Substance P mediates inflammatory oedema in acute pancreatitis <i>via</i> activation of the neurokinin‐1 receptor in rats and mice (2000)

Pancreatic oedema occurs early in the development of acute pancreatitis, and the overall extent of fluid loss correlates with disease severity. The tachykinin substance P (SP) is released from sensory nerves, binds to the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1-R) on endothelial cells and induces plasma extravasation, oedema, and neutrophil infiltration, a process termed neurogenic inflammation. We sought to determine the importance of neurogenic mechanisms in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic plasma extravasation was measured using the intravascular tracers Evans blue and Monastral blue after administration of specific NK1-R agonists/antagonists in rats and NK1-R(+/+)/(-/-) mice. The effects of NK1-R genetic deletion/antagonism on pancreatic plasma extravasation, amylase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and histology in cerulein-induced pancreatitis were characterized. In rats, both SP and the NK1-R selective agonist [Sar(9) Met(O(2))(11)]SP stimulated pancreatic plasma extravasation, and this response was blocked by the NK1-R antagonist CP 96,345. Selective agonists of the NK-2 or NK-3 receptors had no effect. In rats, cerulein stimulated pancreatic plasma extravasation and serum amylase. These responses were blocked by the NK1-R antagonist CP 96,345. In wildtype mice, SP induced plasma extravasation while SP had no effect in NK1-R knockout mice. In NK1-R knockout mice, the effects of cerulein on pancreatic plasma extravasation and hyperamylasemia were reduced by 60%, and pancreatic MPO by 75%, as compared to wildtype animals. Neurogenic mechanisms of inflammation are important in the development of inflammatory oedema in acute interstitial pancreatitis.
Preparation and characterization of fluorescent microtubes with high length/diameter ratios (2009)

Fluorescent microtubes were prepared by self-assembly of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) following calcination at 500 °C using silkworm silks as templates. The obtained microtubes exhibited high length/diameter ratios. The cross-sectional dimension of the microtubes was no more than 10 µm, but the length could be up to several millimeters. The microtube wall was mainly composed of CdO, Cd3TeO6, and CdCO3 nanocrystals. Compared with the original red fluorescent CdTe QDs and the silk/QD core–shell structures, the microtubes exhibited a bright green-yellow fluorescence. The approach reported in this work opens the possibility of the large-scale preparation of fluorescent microtubes for both fundamental research and applications.
Origin of hydrogen in methane produced by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1980)

The production of deuterated methane by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum in H2O-D2O mixtures was examined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The hydrogen in the methane arose solely from water and not from hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas served only as an electron source in methanogenesis. A whole-cell product isotope discrimination of 1.5 favoring hydrogen over deuterium was observed in methane production in 81 atom% deuterated water. The distribution of deuterated methane species is described by a simple model of the overall reaction.
Four States of Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal with Parallel Rubbing (1992)

The orientational states of surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals with parallel rubbing were investigated by changing the pretilt angle of the aligning film. Four states, C1-uniform (C1U), C1-twisted (C1T), C2-uniform (C2U), and C2-twisted (C2T) states, were observed. The C1U and C2U states showed extinction positions, whereas the C1T and C2T states did not. The memory angle of the C1U state was larger than that of the C2U state for the respective cells. The molecular orientational model of these states is discussed with regard to the experimental results.
Influence of Age on Dynamics of Rising from a Chair (1991)

This article describes the sit-to-stand movement in nine healthy elderly adults, ages 61 to 74 years, and compares peak joint angles, torques, and velocities of 11 body segments with data collected from nine young women, ages 25 to 36 years. The subjects in this study rose from a chair under a controlled protocol. An optoelectronic system, two force plates, and two computers were used for data collection and processing. The data are described in relationship to three phases of the task previously described for the young subjects' data. Percentages of difference were calculated for the torques and the velocities. Independent t tests were conducted on maximum angles achieved and total joint excursions. Consistency between groups was demonstrated in the duration of each phase, as well as the body kinematics and kinetics occurring within each phase. There was little difference in maximum torques or velocities. Maximum angles of head-to-trunk extension, head-to-ground flexion, head-to-trunk excursion, and trunk-to-pelvis flexion were significantly different between groups. The differences in head position demonstrated between these two groups may have clinical implications for loss of balance during this task in older patients.
Factors influencing the stability of milk dialysate (1980)

SUMMARY The turbidity increase on storage of milk dialysate was shown to be due to Ca phosphate precipitation. The rate of precipitation at 40 °C could be decreased by shortening the duration of dialysis or by the addition of small amounts of EDTA. The dialysate was stabilized against Ca phosphate precipitation by the addition of the whey protein fraction of milk. Individual whey proteins varied in their stabilizing ability: α-lactalbumin was found to be more effective than β-lactoglobulin which gave approximately the same effect as an immunoglobulin fraction. BSA and lysozyme had a destabilizing effect and ovalbumin possessed a slight stabilizing ability.
Superactivity of MOF-808 toward Peptide Bond Hydrolysis (2018)

MOF-808, a Zr(IV)-based metal-organic framework, has been proven to be a very effective heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrolysis of the peptide bond in a wide range of peptides and in hen egg white lysozyme protein. The kinetic experiments with a series of Gly-X dipeptides with varying nature of amino acid side chain have shown that MOF-808 exhibits selectivity depending on the size and chemical nature of the X side chain. Dipeptides with smaller or hydrophilic residues were hydrolyzed faster than those with bulky and hydrophobic residues that lack electron rich functionalities which could engage in favorable intermolecular interactions with the btc linkers. Detailed kinetic studies performed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the rate of glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) hydrolysis at pD 7.4 and 60 °C was 2.69 × 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ( t<sub>1/2</sub> = 0.72 h), which is more than 4 orders of magnitude faster compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. Importantly, MOF-808 can be recycled several times without significantly compromising the catalytic activity. A detailed quantum-chemical study combined with experimental data allowed to unravel the role of the {Zr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub>} core of MOF-808 in accelerating Gly-Gly hydrolysis. A mechanism for the hydrolysis of Gly-Gly by MOF-808 is proposed in which Gly-Gly binds to two Zr(IV) centers of the {Zr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub>} core via the oxygen atom of the amide group and the N-terminus. The activity of MOF-808 was also demonstrated toward the hydrolysis of hen egg white lysozyme, a protein consisting of 129 amino acids. Selective fragmentation of the protein was observed with 55% yield after 25 h under physiological pH.
The<i>Arcanobacterium</i>(<i>Actinomyces</i>)<i>pyogenes</i>Plasmid pAP1 Is a Member of the pIJ101/pJV1 Family of Rolling Circle Replication Plasmids (1998)

ABSTRACT The 2.4-kb plasmid pAP1 from Arcanobacterium ( Actinomyces ) pyogenes had sequence similarity within the putative replication protein and double-stranded origin with the pIJ101/pJV1 family of plasmids. pJGS84, a derivative of pAP1 containing a kanamycin resistance gene, was able to replicate in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , as well as in A. pyogenes . Detection of single-stranded DNA intermediates of pJGS84 replication suggested that this plasmid replicates by the rolling circle mechanism.