gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adiabatic quantum computation (2018)

The simple act of slowly varying the parameters of a quantum system so that it remains always in its ground state is extremely rich from an information processing point of view. For an ideal, closed system, this adiabatic evolution is equivalent to full quantum computation, and it is convenient for establishing quantum algorithms for optimization. This review presents adiabatic quantum algorithms, proves the closed-system equivalence of the adiabatic and circuit models of quantum computation, reviews the placement of adiabatic quantum computation in the more general classification of computational complexity theory, and discusses the case of ``stoquastic'' quantum evolutions.
Molecular Basis of Proteinuria of Glomerular Origin (1978)

THE process of urine formation begins at the walls of the glomerular capillaries with the separation of as much as a third of the plasma entering the glomeruli of each kidney into a solution having the properties of a nearly ideal ultrafiltrate. Driven by a hydraulic force created by the pumping action of the heart, ultrafiltrate flows across these capillary walls at an enormous rate, when considered in biologic terms, exceeding by at least two orders of magnitude that across other membranes studied thus far.1 Despite their extremely low intrinsic resistance to the flow of water, however, these same glomerular . . .
Selective carbohydrate utilization by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (2012)

These results may allow for the rational prediction of lactobacilli and/or bifidobacteria to be used in conjunction with prebiotics, such as GOS, as synbiotics.
N.M.R. studies of liquid boron trifluoride (1970)

Previous 19F N.M.R. studies of liquid BF3 have been extended by obtaining the 11B spectrum of BF3 and the 19F spectrum of 10BF3 at various temperatures. Values for the B-F coupling constant and the boron relaxation times have been obtained by computer matching and visual matching of observed and calculated spectra. Relaxation times have the Arrhenius temperature dependence found previously. The temperature dependence of the B-F coupling constant is discussed. Some of the possible advantages of ‘high spin spectra’ are discussed.
Human Embryonic Mesodermal Progenitors Highly Resemble Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Display High Potential for Tissue Engineering Applications (2010)

Adult stem cells, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), show limited proliferative capacity and, after long-term culture, lose their differentiation capacity and are therefore not an optimal cell source for tissue engineering. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) constitute an important new resource in this field, but one major drawback is the risk of tumor formation in the recipients. One alternative is to use progenitor cells derived from hESCs that are more lineage restricted but do not form teratomas. We have recently derived a cell line from hESCs denoted hESC-derived mesodermal progenitors (hES-MPs), and here, using genome-wide microarray analysis, we report that the process of hES-MPs derivation results in a significantly altered expression of hESC characteristic genes to an expression level highly similar to that of hMSCs. However, hES-MPs displayed a significantly higher proliferative capacity and longer telomeres. The hES-MPs also displayed lower expression of HLA class II proteins before and after interferon-gamma treatment, indicating that these cells may somewhat be immunoprivileged and potentially used for HLA-incompatible transplantation. The hES-MPs are thus an appealing alternative to hMSCs in tissue engineering applications and stem-cell-based therapies for mesodermal tissues.
Memristor based digital-to-analog convertor and its programming (2015)

This paper presents a Memristor base 4-bit digital-to-analog convertor. A single input programmer consisting of a DeMultiplexer and a reset switch is used to adjust memristance of memristors. By using this programmer, memristances value is reached to the targets value with maximum error of ±1%. The proposed DAC achieves a DNL (differential nonlinearity) and an INL (integral nonlinearity) of 0.075 LSB and 0.123 LSB, respectively.
Comparative sporicidal effects of liquid chemical agents (1996)

We compared the effectiveness of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, cupric ascorbate (plus a sublethal amount of hydrogen peroxide), sodium hypochlorite, and phenol to inactivate Bacillus subtilis spores under various conditions. Each chemical agent was distinctly affected by pH, storage time after activation, dilution, and temperature. Only three of the preparations (hypochlorite, peracetic acid, and cupric ascorbate) studied here inactivated more than 99.9% of the spore load after a 30-min incubation at 20 degrees C at concentrations generally used to decontaminate medical devices. Under similar conditions, glutaraldehyde inactivated approximately 90%, and hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and phenol produced little killing of spores in suspension. By kinetic analysis at different temperatures, we calculated the rate of spore inactivation (k) and the activation energy of spore killing (delta E) for each chemical agent. Rates of spore inactivation had a similar delta E value of approximately 20 kcal/mol (ca.83.68 kJ/mol) for every substance tested. The variation among k values allowed a quantitative comparison of liquid germicidal agents.
A neural-type parallel algorithm for fast matrix inversion (2002)

The paper introduces the orthogonalized back-propagation algorithm (OBA), a training procedure for adjusting the weights of a neural-type network used for matrix inversion. In this framework the adjustable weights correspond to the estimate of the inverse of the matrix. The algorithm is iterative, in the sense that an initial estimate of the solution is chosen and then updated according to some error measure. However, it is also a direct algorithm since, it guarantees exact convergence after n steps, independent of the initial estimate, where n is the dimension of the matrix to be inverted. The method can also be directly applied to solving linear equations and to computing the pseudoinverse of matrices with full row or column rank. From an optimization point of view, it is shown that the OBA is an optimal algorithm for minimizing a quadratic least-squares cost functional.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iterative algorithms for optimal state estimation of jump Markov linear systems (1999)

Jump Markov linear systems (JMLS) are linear systems whose parameters evolve with time according to a finite state Markov chain. We present three original deterministic and stochastic iterative algorithms for optimal state estimation of JMLS whose computational complexity at each iteration is linear in the data length. The first algorithm yields conditional mean estimates. The second algorithm is an algorithm that yields the marginal maximum a posteriori (MMAP) sequence estimate of the finite state Markov chain. The third algorithm is an algorithm that yields the MMAP sequence estimate of the continuous state of the JMLS. Convergence results for these three algorithms are obtained. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate their performance.
Evidence-based management. (2012)

It's OK to be lucky when you're lucky, but it's not OK when the issues are critical. Too often, we manage by anecdote, which is OK when you can afford to be wrong, but when finances are tight, or the market is overregulated, or a lot is at stake, making mistakes is not an option. Evidence-based management depends on attention to three components: analytics, decision making, and problem solving. These are skills that should be required of everyone who assumes a management position, no matter how high or low one is on the totem pole. Understanding basic analytical techniques, knowing how to apply these techniques to making good decisions, and learning how to become a skilled problem solver ensure that, when we manage our businesses, we minimize the risk of mistakes and maximize the potential for positive outcomes.
Improving the ecological validity of executive functioning assessment (2006)

The current study investigated ways to improve the ecological validity of the neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning through the formal assessment of compensatory strategies and environmental cognitive demands. Results indicated that the group of executive functioning tests (i.e., Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test) accounted for 18-20% of the variance in everyday executive ability as measured by the Dysexecutive Questionnaire and Brock Adaptive Functioning Questionnaire. The addition of extra-test variables significantly increased the variance in everyday executive ability accounted for. The current study adds to the literature on the ecological validity of executive functioning assessment by highlighting the importance of extra-test variables when trying to understand the complex relationship between cognitive testing and real world performance.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor Plays an Important Role in Advanced Glycation End Product–Induced Tubular Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2006)

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular cells contributes to the renal accumulation of matrix protein that is associated with diabetic nephropathy. Both TGF-beta1 and advanced glycation end products (AGE) are able to induce EMT in cell culture. This study examined the role of the prosclerotic growth factor connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a downstream mediator of these processes. EMT was assessed by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, E-cadherin, and matrix proteins and the induction of a myofibroblastic phenotype. CTGF, delivered in an adenovirus or as recombinant human CTGF (250 ng/ml), was shown to induce a partial EMT. This was not blocked by neutralizing anti-TGF-beta1 antibodies, suggesting that this action was TGF-beta1 independent. NRK-52E cells that were exposed to AGE-modified BSA (AGE-BSA; 40 microM) or TGF-beta1 (10 ng/ml) also underwent EMT. This was associated with the induction of CTGF gene and protein expression. Transfection with siRNA to CTGF was able to attenuate EMT-associated phenotypic changes after treatment with AGE or TGF-beta1. These in vitro effects correlate with the in vivo finding of increased CTGF expression in the diabetic kidney, which co-localizes on the tubular epithelium with sites of EMT. In addition, inhibition of AGE accumulation was able to reduce CTGF expression and attenuate renal fibrosis in experimental diabetes. These findings suggest that CTGF represents an important independent mediator of tubular EMT, downstream of the actions of AGE or TGF-beta1. This interaction is likely to play an important role in progressive diabetic nephropathy and strengthens the rationale to consider CTGF as a potential target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Concise Review: Fragile X Proteins in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation (2014)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic form of autism spectrum disorder, is caused by deficiency of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Despite extensive research and scientific progress, understanding how FMRP regulates brain development and function remains a major challenge. FMRP is a neuronal RNA-binding protein that binds about a third of messenger RNAs in the brain and controls their translation, stability, and cellular localization. The absence of FMRP results in increased protein synthesis, leading to enhanced signaling in a number of intracellular pathways, including the mTOR, mGLuR5, ERK, Gsk3β, PI3K, and insulin pathways. Until recently, FXS was largely considered a deficit of mature neurons; however, a number of new studies have shown that FMRP may also play important roles in stem cells, among them neural stem cells, germline stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we will cover these newly discovered functions of FMRP, as well as the other two fragile X-related proteins, in stem cells. We will also discuss the literature on the use of stem cells, particularly neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as model systems for studying the functions of FMRP in neuronal development.
Dissecting yield-associated loci in super hybrid rice by resequencing recombinant inbred lines and improving parental genome sequences (2013)

The growing world population and shrinkage of arable land demand yield improvement of rice, one of the most important staple crops. To elucidate the genetic basis of yield and uncover its associated loci in rice, we resequenced the core recombinant inbred lines of Liang-You-Pei-Jiu, the widely cultivated super hybrid rice, and constructed a high-resolution linkage map. We detected 43 yield-associated quantitative trait loci, of which 20 are unique. Based on the high-density physical map, the genome sequences of paternal variety 93-11 and maternal cultivar PA64s of Liang-You-Pei-Jiu were significantly improved. The large recombinant inbred line population combined with plentiful high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions between parental genomes allowed us to fine-map two quantitative trait loci, qSN8 and qSPB1, and to identify days to heading8 and lax panicle1 as candidate genes, respectively. The quantitative trait locus qSN8 was further confirmed to be days to heading8 by a complementation test. Our study provided an ideal platform for molecular breeding by targeting and dissecting yield-associated loci in rice.
Design and Development of A Learning Support Environment for Apple Peeling by Data Gloves (2012)

1 We designed and developed a learning support environment that advises a learner about correct apple holding and correct knife handling for improving apple peeling. The learning support environment is designed from an apple peeling expert’s motion data. We verified the learning effect by comparing experimental group with a control group. In the training phase of the evaluation experiment, each learner in the control group only watched a movie of the learner’s own apple peeling. The experimental group not only watched such a movie, but also used our learning support environment. After the evaluation experiment, we administered a questionnaire survey. Results show that the experimental group obtained more concrete and varied awareness than the control group had.
Mujer, deporte y medios de comunicación (2007)

La discriminacion que ha sufrido la mujer a lo largo de la historia sigue aun impregnando determinadas actitudes y comportamientos aun vigentes en nuestra sociedad. Tradicionalmente la mujer ha sido excluida de la practica deportiva ya que no encajaba con su rol de genero. Los medios de comunicacion de masas ejercen una gran influencia en nuestros habitos de vida, convirtiendose en autenticos agentes sociales que influyen en nuestras conductas, entre ellas la practica deportiva. En relacion con esta, los mass media, en muchos casos, imponen modelos sociales que potencian los estereotipos sexuales y en absoluto favorecen la coeducacion. El futbol es el abanderado de esta megalomania del deporte espectaculo. Asi la presencia del deporte femenino en los telediarios de las televisiones publicas y privadas espanolas es casi inexistente. La informacion deportiva de los mass media debe ser eminentemente divulgativa y coeducativa, por lo que se hace ineludible la presencia de modelos femeninos que tambien reflejen logros, esfuerzos, habitos deportivos; ofreciendo, por tanto, nuevos modelos deportivos basados en la participacion diversa y multilateral.
New liquid absorbents for the removal of CO2 from gas mixtures (2009)

New liquid absorbents (LA) consisting of water solutions of CO2-complexing agents have been developed and tested in an experimental lab-scale to be used in CO2 separation from gas mixtures. The results here presented concern the preparation of these amino acid based new liquid absorbents and the studies carried out to determine their performance as CO2 scrubbers. The novel systems show good performance in terms of sorption and stability compared to the standard alkanolamines. Moreover, the experimental results have shown that among the studied carriers, arginine and ornithine are the natural amino acids with greater affinity towards CO2 and that some of the here synthesized amino acids show outstanding absorption capacities, superior to MEA or any other amino acid tested. The developed materials have a direct use as mobile carrier membranes for facilitated transport and present a great potential for application in gas separation processes. Computational (DFT) and spectroscopic (1H and 13C-NMR) methods have been applied to make clear the mechanism of carbamate formation from the amine group of amino acids and CO2.
Parafoils for shipboard recovery of UAVs (1991)

Current requirements for the joint services short-range unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV-SR) include the ability to operate from non-aviation ships. Recovery is the most hazardous phase of operation for UAVs even under benign conditions on land. Obviously, recovery at sea on a small, pitching, heaving, rolling helicopter deck is an extremely challenging task. This paper describes a parafoil basedrecovery system and the results of sea trials that demonstrate its use for UAV recovery on non-aviation ships.
A Computational Framework for Vertical Video Editing (2015)

Vertical video editing is the process of digitally editing the image within the frame as opposed to horizontal video editing, which arranges the shots along a timeline. Vertical editing can be a time-consuming and error-prone process when using manual key-framing and simple interpolation. In this paper, we present a general framework for automatically computing a variety of cinematically plausible shots from a single input video suitable to the special case of live performances. Drawing on working practices in traditional cinematography, the system acts as a virtual camera assistant to the film editor, who can call novel shots in the edit room with a combination of high-level instructions and manually selected keyframes.
Prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with intermittent claudication; effects of ticlopidine. Results from STIMS, the Swedish Ticlopidine Multicentre Study (1990)

The Swedish Ticlopidine Multicentre Study (STIMS) was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial designed to determine whether ticlopidine, a platelet antiaggregatory agent, reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke and transitory ischaemic attacks in patients with intermittent claudication. A total of 687 patients was monitored for a minimum of 5 years or until an end-point was reached. The number of end points (99 vs. 89), analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle, was 11.4% lower in the ticlopidine group (P = 0.24). The mortality rate was 29.1% lower in the ticlopidine group (64 vs. 89, P = 0.015); this observation could be accounted for by a reduced mortality from ischaemic heart disease. On-treatment analysis showed there to be significantly fewer end points in the ticlopidine group (47 vs. 76, P = 0.017). Diarrhoea was the most common side-effect. Reversible leucopenia or thrombocytopenia was reported in seven patients on ticlopidine. It is concluded that the high morbidity and mortality from cardio- and cerebrovascular disease in patients with intermittent claudication can be reduced by long-term treatment with ticlopidine.
Characterization of the Nuclear Import and Export Functions of IκBε (2002)

Control over the nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappaB/Rel proteins is accomplished in large part through association with members of the inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) protein family. For example, the well studied IkappaBalpha protein actively shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and both inhibits nuclear import and mediates nuclear export of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins. In contrast, the IkappaBbeta protein can inhibit nuclear import of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins but does not remove NF-kappaB/Rel proteins from the nucleus. To further understand how the IkappaB proteins control the nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins, we have characterized the nuclear import and nuclear export functions of IkappaBepsilon. Our results indicate that the IkappaBepsilon protein, like the IkappaBalpha protein, actively shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Similar to IkappaBalpha, nuclear import of IkappaBepsilon is mediated by its ankyrin repeat domain and is not blocked by the dominant-negative RanQ69L protein. However, the nuclear import function of the IkappaBepsilon ankyrin repeat domain is markedly less efficient than that of IkappaBalpha, with the result that nuclear shuttling of IkappaBepsilon between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is significantly slower than IkappaBalpha. Nuclear export of IkappaBepsilon is mediated by a short leucine-rich nuclear export sequence (NES)-like sequence ((343)VLLPFDDLKI(352)), located between amino acids 343 and 352. This NES-like sequence is required for RanGTP-dependent binding of IkappaBepsilon to CRM1. Nuclear accumulation of IkappaB(epsilon) is increased by either leptomycin B treatment or alanine substitutions within the IkappaBepsilon-derived NES. A functional NES is required for both efficient cytoplasmic retention and post-induction control of c-Rel by IkappaBepsilon, consistent with the notion that IkappaBepsilon-mediated nuclear export contributes to control over the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins.
Towards Energy-Efficient Wireless Networking in the Big Data Era: A Survey (2017)

With the proliferation of wireless devices, wireless networks in various forms have become global information infrastructure and an important part of our daily life, which, at the same time, incur fast escalations of both data volumes and energy demand. In other words, energy-efficient wireless networking is a critical and challenging issue in the big data era. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of recent developments on energy-efficient wireless networking technologies that are effective or promisingly effective in addressing the challenges raised by big data. We categorize existing research into two main parts depending on the roles of big data. The first part focuses on energy-efficient wireless networking techniques in dealing with big data and covers studies in big data acquisition, communication, storage, and computation; while the second part investigates recent approaches based on big data analytics that are promising to enhance energy efficiency of wireless networks. In addition, we identify a number of open issues and discuss future research directions for enhancing energy efficiency of wireless networks in the big data era.
A USP28–53BP1–p53–p21 signaling axis arrests growth after centrosome loss or prolonged mitosis (2016)

Precise regulation of centrosome number is critical for accurate chromosome segregation and the maintenance of genomic integrity. In nontransformed cells, centrosome loss triggers a p53-dependent surveillance pathway that protects against genome instability by blocking cell growth. However, the mechanism by which p53 is activated in response to centrosome loss remains unknown. Here, we have used genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens to identify a USP28-53BP1-p53-p21 signaling axis at the core of the centrosome surveillance pathway. We show that USP28 and 53BP1 act to stabilize p53 after centrosome loss and demonstrate this function to be independent of their previously characterized role in the DNA damage response. Surprisingly, the USP28-53BP1-p53-p21 signaling pathway is also required to arrest cell growth after a prolonged prometaphase. We therefore propose that centrosome loss or a prolonged mitosis activate a common signaling pathway that acts to prevent the growth of cells that have an increased propensity for mitotic errors.