gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Vitamin B Complex in the Treatment of Nocturnal Leg Cramps in Elderly Patients with Hypertension (1998)

Nocturnal leg cramps is a common and troublesome problem in elderly individuals, and their etiology is unknown. Treatment with quinine is a common practice, but the effectiveness of the drug is doubtful and adverse drug effects are common. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vitamin B complex capsules (fursulthiamine 50 mg, hydroxocobalamin 250 μg, pyridoxal phosphate 30 mg, and riboflavin 5 mg) in 28 elderly patients with hypertension who had severe nocturnal leg cramps that disturbed their sleep. Self‐reported ratings of leg cramp frequency, duration, and intensity were used to evaluate severity of nocturnal leg cramps. Both the patients taking vitamin B capsules (n = 14) and those taking placebo (n = 14) received medications three times daily, and were examined regularly at 2‐week intervals for 3 months. After 3 months, 86% of the patients taking vitamin B had prominent remission of leg cramps, whereas those taking placebo had no significant difference from baseline. Treatment with vitamin B complex significantly reduced the frequency, intensity, and duration of nocturnal leg cramps. Because quinine is not without potential for side effects, and vitamin B complex is a relatively safe and effective alternative, clinicians should reconsider the treatment of choice for nocturnal leg cramps.
Transcriptional Profiling of Peripheral Blood Cells in Clinical Pharmacogenomic Studies (2006)

Peripheral blood represents an attractive tissue source in clinical pharmacogenomic studies, given the feasibility of its collection from patients and its potential as a sentinel tissue to monitor perturbations of physiology in many disease states. The hypothesis is that the circulating blood cells monitor the physiological state of the organism and alter their transcriptome in response to this surveillance. However, the successful implementation of transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood cells in clinical trials represents a tremendous technical challenge for several reasons, including controlling the pre-analytical variables associated with sample processing and the interpretation of gene expression signatures generated from the complex mixture of cell types in blood. Multiple approaches for identifying transcriptomes in peripheral blood cells exist and each method is associated with significant advantages and disadvantages. Nonetheless, a growing number of studies are rapidly identifying transcriptional biomarkers in peripheral blood cells that may function as biomarkers of disease, evidence of pharmacodynamic effect, or even predictors of clinical outcomes and risk of toxicity. This review highlights the major approaches employed in global transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood cells and summarizes the available literature of initial studies in the growing field of hemogenomics. The overall purpose of the review is to focus on the development and application of technologies for the use of peripheral blood cells as a sentinel or surrogate tissue to measure disease state and drug response.
Advanced materials and processes for large, lightweight, space-based mirrors (2004)

The use of monolithic glass to produce large, rigid segmented members for lightweight space-based mirror systems has reached its limit due to the long lead times, high processing costs, and launch loaaweight requirements.New material solutions and manufacturing processes are required to meet the Air Force's directed energy weapons, reconnaissance/surveillance, and secured communication needs.Mirror structural substrates made out of advanced composite materials (metal, ceramic, and polymer), foams, or microsphere arrays should allow for CTE and modulus tailorability, low-density, and high strength, stiffness, and toughness.Due to the multi-phase complexities of these new systems, mechanical polishing to visual specifications for figure and surface finish roughness requirements will be difficult.New methods of replication and sol-gel or polymer spinning will be required to produce the required optical finishes.In this paper selected material and process solutions will be discussed.'1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Is Suicide Bereavement Different? A Reassessment of the Literature (2001)

The question of whether suicide bereavement is different from mourning after other types of deaths has important theoretical and clinical implications. Some recent literature reviews have argued that the differences may be minimal. In contrast, this article suggests that suicide bereavement is distinct in three significant ways: the thematic content of the grief, the social processes surrounding the survivor, and the impact suicide has on family systems. In addition, problems in the methodology used to compare different bereavement experiences are addressed. Some clinical implications of these conclusions, including the need for homogeneous support groups, psychoeducational services, and family and social network interventions are also discussed.
Eisenstein: A Soviet Artist (1998)

The master Eisenstein, 1944‘About Myself’, ESW 4, p. 3. ‘I lived, I contemplated, I admired.’ Eisenstein has become a myth. He has been acclaimed as a genius, as the greatest film-maker of all time, as the maker of the greatest film of all time (The Battleship Potemkin), and as one of the great p
Membrane topology of the Bcl-2 proto-oncogenic protein demonstrated in vitro. (1990)

The Bcl-2 oncogenic protein was synthesized in vitro and shown to post-translationally integrate asymmetrically into microsomal membranes with no requirement for an amino-terminal signal sequence. Instead, a carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic domain of Bcl-2 served as an insertion sequence essential for membrane assembly since a Bcl-2 mutant lacking this domain completely lost its ability to associate with microsomal membranes. The data demonstrate that Bcl-2 is tightly associated with the lipid bilayer with the nature of an integral membrane protein. The membrane orientation of Bcl-2 was determined using a protease protection assay, which showed that it is predominantly localized to the cytoplasmic face of membranes. A similar type of membrane processing has been shown for cytochrome b5 and also suggested for the viral oncogenic protein polyoma middle-T antigen.
Leukocytosis and artifactual hypoglycemia (1977)

Two patients are described with asymptomatic low blood glucose and excessive in vitro consumption of glucose by leukocytes before separation of the serum for assay. This may be a more common problem than is appreciated and need not be associated with leukemia or extreme leukocytosis. The circumstances that allow this avoidable type of artifactual hypoglycemia may also produce factitious euglycemia during evaluation of suspected diabetes mellitus. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1961-1962, 1977)
Multi-tenant GPU Clusters for Deep Learning Workloads: Analysis and Implications (2018)

With widespread advances in machine learning, a number of large enterprises are beginning to incorporate machine learning models across a number of products. These models are typically trained on shared, multi-tenant GPU clusters. Similar to existing cluster computing workloads, scheduling frameworks aim to provide features like high efficiency, resource isolation, fair sharing across users, etc. However Deep Neural Network (DNN) based workloads, predominantly trained on GPUs, differ in two significant ways from traditional big data analytics workloads. First, from a cluster utilization perspective, GPUs represent a monolithic resource that cannot be shared at a fine granularity across users. Second, from a workload perspective, deep learning frameworks require gang scheduling reducing the flexibility of scheduling and making the jobs themselves inelastic to failures at runtime. In this paper we present a detailed workload characterization of a two-month long trace from a multi-tenant GPU cluster in a large enterprise. By correlating scheduler logs with logs from individual jobs, we study three distinct issues that affect cluster utilization for DNN training workloads on multi-tenant clusters: (1) the effect of gang scheduling and locality constraints on queuing, (2) the effect of locality on GPU utilization, and (3) failures during training. Based on our experience running a large-scale operation, we provide design guidelines pertaining to next-generation cluster schedulers for DNN training workloads.
<sup>3</sup>He lung imaging in an open access, very‐low‐field human magnetic resonance imaging system (2005)

The human lung and its functions are extremely sensitive to gravity; however, the conventional high-field magnets used for most laser-polarized (3)He MRI of the human lung restrict subjects to lying horizontally. Imaging of human lungs using inhaled laser-polarized (3)He gas is demonstrated in an open-access very-low-magnetic-field (<5 mT) MRI instrument. This prototype device employs a simple, low-cost electromagnet, with an open geometry that allows variation of the orientation of the imaging subject in a two-dimensional plane. As a demonstration, two-dimensional lung images were acquired with 4-mm in-plane resolution from a subject in two orientations: lying supine and sitting in a vertical position with one arm raised. Experience with this prototype device will guide optimization of a second-generation very-low-field imager to enable studies of human pulmonary physiology as a function of subject orientation.
ANOECTOCHILUS FORMOSANUS ATTENUATES AMNESIA INDUCED BY SCOPOLAMINE IN RATS (2003)

The effect of the water extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (AFW) on SCOP-induced amnesia was investigated in a step-through passive avoidance task in rats. It was observed that AFW at the doses of 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg attenuated SCOP-induced amnesia. The anti-amnesic effect of AFW on the SCOP-induced amnesia was significantly reversed by a peripheral cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist, SCOP N-methylbromide and augumented by neostigmine and physostigmine. These results suggest that the anti-amnesic effect of AFW on SCOP-induced amnesia may be related to the increase in the systematic cholinergic neuronal system activity.
Confocal Imaging of Flows in Artificial Venular Bifurcations (1999)

We describe a new experimental methodology for visualizing three-dimensional structures in microscopic tubes under flow conditions. Through the use of microfabrication techniques, artificial venular bifurcations are constructed from glass tubes with semicircular cross sections (radius = 50 mu). Aqueous fluorescent solutions are infused into the tubes at flow rates of about 1 microliter/min, a value comparable to blood flow in the microcirculation. The flow is imaged using a combination of confocal microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction software techniques. The quantitative accuracy of the experimental method is evaluated by measuring the "separation surface," a formation resulting from converging flows at a bifurcation. Details of the fabrication process, fluidics, confocal microscopy, image reconstructions, optical effects, and computations are described. We show the first three-dimensional visualization of a microscopic flow structure using confocal microscopy, and within certain limitations, quantitative agreement between the measured and computed positions of the separation surface.
Compaction, dilatancy, and failure in porous carbonate rocks (2004)

The analysis of dilatant and compactant failure in many sedimentary and geotechnical settings hinges upon a fundamental understanding of inelastic behavior and failure mode of porous carbonate rocks. In this study we acquire new mechanical data on the Indiana and Tavel limestones, which show that the phenomenology of dilatant and compactant failure in these carbonate rocks is similar to that of the more compact Solnhofen limestone as well as sandstones. Compressibility and porosity are positively correlated. Brittle strength decreases with increasing porosity and the critical stresses for the onset of pore collapse under hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic loadings also decrease with increasing porosity. Previously, two micromechanical models were used to interpret mechanical behavior of Solnhofen limestone: viewing cataclasis and crystal plasticity as two end‐members of inelastic deformation mechanisms, the wing crack and plastic pore collapse models were applied to brittle and ductile failure, respectively. Synthesizing published data for carbonate rocks with porosities between 3% and 45%, we investigate to what extent the same micromechanisms may be active at higher porosity. Application of the plastic pore collapse model indicated that crystal plasticity cannot be the only deformation mechanism. To arrive at a more realistic interpretation of shear‐enhanced compaction in porous carbonate rocks cataclastic processes must be taken into account. We infer that mechanical twinning dominates in the more porous limestones and chalk, while dislocation slip is activated in the more compact limestones.
Web document summarisation: a task-oriented evaluation (2002)

We present a query-biased summarisation interface for Web searching. The summarisation system has been specifically developed to act as a component in existing Web search interfaces. The summaries allow the user to more effectively assess the content of Web pages. We also present an experimental investigation of this approach. Our experimental results shows the system appears to be more useful and effective in helping users gauge document relevance than the traditional ranked titles/abstracts approach.
Stress tuning in crystal ion slicing to form single-crystal potassium tantalate films (2000)

We report on the implementation of crystal ion slicing in potassium tantalate (KTaO3). Deep-ion implantation is used to create a buried sacrificial layer in (001) single-crystal wafers of KTaO3. 10-μm-thick single-crystal films have been fabricated by adjusting the stress level in the implantation damage layer to induce room-temperature etchless exfoliation. Crack propagation is found to depend critically on implantation dose, with a threshold dose for exfoliation near 1×1016 cm−2. A significant implantation-induced etch selectivity between the sacrificial layer and the rest of the sample is also found. Capacitance measurements show that the films exhibit a bulk-like dielectric constant and loss tangents below 0.01 at low temperatures.
The European Physical Society (1969)

The November 1968 issue of Physics Bulletin (pp. 390–91) traced the various steps in the formation of a European Physical Society (EPS), up to the planned legal incorporation of that body in Geneva on 26 September 1968. Since that particular article had to be in the editor's hands more than a week before 25 September, the purpose of this supplementary article is to report on additional points of interest which emerged from the final meeting of the Steering Committee in Geneva on 25 September, and from the legal incorporation of the European Physical Society on 26 September.
Oral (Drinking Water) Developmental Toxicity Study of Ammonium Perchlorate in New Zealand White Rabbits (2001)

This developmental toxicity study was conducted to evaluate the embryo-fetal toxicity and teratogenic potential of ammonium perchlorate in New Zealand White [Hra:(NZW)SPF] rabbits. Pregnant rabbits were given continual access to ammonium perchlorate in drinking water at target doses of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 30.0, and 100.0 mg/kg-day on gestation days 6 through 28. The actual consumed doses in the study were 0, 0.1, 0.9, 10.4, 30.3, and 102.3 mg/kg-day. The rabbits were sacrificed on gestation day 29, and fetuses were examined for developmental alterations. In addition, blood was collected from does for determination of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels and the thyroid was subjected to histopathologic examination. No maternal deaths were attributed to perchlorate exposure. Ammonium perchlorate as high as 100.0 mg/kg-day did not affect caesarean sectioning or litter parameters studied, and all values were found to be within the historical ranges of the laboratory. The litter averages for corpora lutea, implantations, litter sizes, live and dead fetuses, percent dead or resorbed conceptuses, and fetal body weights were comparable and also did not differ significantly in the six dose groups. All placentae appeared normal and no dam had a litter consisting of only resorbed conceptuses. The maternal thyroid was the target organ for ammonium perchlorate in this study. Increased incidence of thyroid follicular hypertrophy was observed in does treated with > or =10 mg/kg-day perchlorate and significantly decreased T4 was observed in does treated with > or =30 mg/kg-day. Based on these data, the maternal no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for ammonium perchlorate was 1.0 mg/kg-day. The developmental NOAEL for ammonium perchlorate was found to be 100.0 mg/kg-day for rabbits.
Immunocytochemical localization of catalase in rat liver. (1981)

The intracellular localization of catalase has been studied using monospecific Fab fragments against rat liver catalase (RLC) and preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. Purified RLC, exhibiting a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, was used for the immunization of rabbits. The anti-RLC IgG was purified by affinity chromatography. Fab fragments were obtained by papain digestion and were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using a modified two-step procedure and glutaraldehyde as coupling agents. Livers were perfused with 4% depolymerized paraformaldehyde and chopper sections were incubated with HRP-labeled Fab fragments against RLC. Because of the limited penetration of labeled Fab fragments into chopper sections a simple method for preparation of a cell suspension from aldehyde-fixed livers was devised. Adequate staining of more than 90% of cell was obtained by incubation of cell suspensions for 12--18 hr with the labeled antibody. By light microscopy specific staining was present in fine granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. By electron microscopy the electron-dense reaction product was localized in the matrix of peroxisomes with no reaction in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. In some hepatocytes, positively reacted peroxisomes were seen side by side with unstained particles. Although focal diffusion was noted around a few peroxisomes, no evidence of cytoplasmic catalase independent of peroxisomes was found. These observations indicate that in rat liver peroxisomes are the only organelle containing substantial amounts of catalase antigen and rule out any involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex in the sequestration of this protein.
Machine Learning for Question Answering from Tabular Data (2007)

Question Answering (QA) systems automatically answer natural language questions in a human-like manner. One of the practical approaches to open domain QA consists in extracting facts from free text offline and using a lookup mechanism when answering user's questions online. This approach is related to natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBs) that were studied extensively from the 1970s to the 1990s. NLIDB systems employed a range of techniques, from simple pattern-matching rules to formal logical calculi such as the lambda calculus, but most were restricted to specific domains. In this paper we describe a machine learning approach to querying tabular data for QA which is not restricted to specific domains. Our approach consists of two steps: for an incoming question, we first use a classifier to identify appropriate tables and columns in a structured database, and then employ a free-text retrieval to look up answers. The system uses part-of-speech tagging, named-entity normalization and a statistical classifier trained on data from the TREC QA task. With the TREC QA data, our system is shown to significantly outperform an existing rule-based table lookup method.
Role of the Cocatalyst in the Copolymerization of CO<sub>2</sub> and Cyclohexene Oxide Utilizing Chromium Salen Complexes (2005)

The mechanism of the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide to afford poly(cyclohexylene)carbonate catalyzed by (salen)CrN3 (H2salen = N,N,'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-ethylene-diimine) in the presence of a broad range of cocatalysts has been studied. We have previously established the rate of copolymer formation to be very sensitive to both the electron-donating ability of the salen ligand and the [cocatalyst], where N-heterocyclic amines, phosphines, and ionic salts were effective cocatalysts. Significant increases in the rate of copolymerization have been achieved with turnover frequencies of approximately 1200 h(-1), thereby making these catalyst systems some of the most active and robust thus far uncovered. Herein we offer a detailed explanation of the role of the cocatalyst in the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by chromium salen derivatives. A salient feature of the N-heterocyclic amine- or phosphine-cocatalyzed processes is the presence of an initiation period prior to reaching the maximum rate of copolymerization. Importantly, this is not observed for comparable processes involving ionic salts as cocatalysts, e.g., PPN+ X-. In these latter cases the copolymerization reaction exhibits ideal kinetic behavior and is proposed to proceed via a reaction pathway involving anionic six-coordinate (salen)Cr(N3)X- derivatives. By way of infrared and 31P NMR spectroscopic studies, coupled with in situ kinetic monitoring of the reactions, a mechanism of copolymerization is proposed where the neutral cocatalysts react with CO2 and/or epoxide to produce inner salts or zwitterions which behave in a manner similar to that of ionic salts.
Role of Vasopressin and .ALPHA.1-Adrenergic Mechanism in the Cardiovascular Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration of Somatostatin in Rats. (1993)

To clarify the mechanisms of the cardiovascular responses to Intracerebroventricular administration (i.c.v.) of somatostatin=14 (SS-14), the effects of pretreatment by i.c.v. α-antagonists or intravenous administration (i.v.) of vasopressin antagonist were investigated in conscious male Wistar rats. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration was also measured. The i.c.v. SS-14 (1.0nmol/kg) caused an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 16±2mmHg and a decrease in heart rate (HR) of -20 ±3 beats/min, and an increase in plasma AVP concentration from 3.2±0.7 to 21.7±2.9pg/ml (p< 0.05). Pretreatment with either i.c.v. phentolamine (200μg/kg) or i.c.v. bunazosin (50μg/kg) significantly attenuated the pressor response (16±2 to 7±2mmHg, p<0.05, or 16±2 to 7±1mmHg, p<0.05, respectively) and the plasma AVP response (21.7±2.9 to 4.8±1.8pg/ml, p<0.05, or 21.7 ±2.9 to 5.2±2.0pg/ml, p<0.05, respectively) to i.c.v. SS-14. Pretreatment with i.c.v. yohimbine (20 μg/kg) did not affect the cardiovascular responses to i.c.v. SS-14. Pretreatment with i.v. AVP antagonist significantly attenuated the pressor response to i.c.v. SS-14 (16±2 to 6±1mmHg, p<0.05). These results suggest that the pressor response to i.c.v. SS-14 is mediated through activation of central α1-adrenergic mechanisms which cause elevation of plasma AVP concentration.(Hypertens Res 1993; 16: 91-96)
Variational solution of Schrödinger's equation for the static screened Coulomb potential (1974)

A variational method is used to obtain solutions to Schr\"odinger's equation for a particle in a static screened Coulomb potential. Energy eigenvalues are obtained for the lowest 45 states. The analytic wave functions generated by this method are used to obtain the probabilities for spontaneous emission in the dipole approximation as a function of screening length, for transitions between the six lowest states.