gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VASCULAR AND ANTI‐OXIDANT ACTIONS OF FLAVONOLS AND FLAVONES (2004)

1. Flavonols and flavones are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds that are commonly consumed in the diet. Epidemiological studies indicating that high dietary intake of flavonols reduces the risk of mortality due to coronary heart disease have provoked interest in the mechanism of this cardioprotective effect. 2. We have investigated the structure-activity relationships of a range of flavonols and flavones with regard to their vascular relaxant and anti-oxidant activity. In rat isolated thoracic aorta, the synthetic flavonol 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) was found to be a significantly more potent vasorelaxant than the naturally occurring compounds chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin and fisetin. Similarly, DiOHF was significantly more potent than those compounds in the inhibition of calcium-induced contraction of the rat aorta. 3. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol was also found to significantly inhibit superoxide radical generation in a cell-free system in the presence of xanthine/xanthine oxidase or by rat isolated aorta in the presence of NADPH. In the presence of oxidant stress generated by pyrogallol or xanthine/xanthine oxidase, endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aortic rings was impaired. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol was able to significantly improve endothelium-dependent relaxation in the presence of those oxygen radical generators. 4. In addition, DiOHF was found to significantly improve dilatation in the rat hindquarters vasculature after exposure to ischaemia and reperfusion. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol was found to be equally effective whether applied before ischaemia or during ischaemia just before reperfusion. 5. In conclusion, DiOHF is an effective vasodilator and anti-oxidant that is able to prevent vascular reperfusion injury. We suggest that DiOHF may be useful as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in the management of reperfusion injury.
Comparison of tear lactate dehydrogenase activities of different types of contact lens wearers and normal control group. (1999)

Tear LDH activity may be a useful method in evaluating the physiologic response of extended soft contact lens wear.
The human CYP1A2 gene and induction by 3-methylcholanthrene. A region of DNA that supports AH-receptor binding and promoter-specific induction. (1994)

The gene for cytochrome P4501A2 is constitutively expressed in the liver of vertebrates and shows induced expression when an organism is exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons. To identify DNA elements regulating transcription of the human CYP1A2 gene, transient transfection experiments were conducted in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Dissection of the 5'-flanking portion of the CYP1A2 gene identified two regions that contributed to the overall induction by 3-methylcholanthrene. One region located at -2532/-2423 contains an xenobiotic-responsive element-like sequence, termed X1, that binds a nuclear 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible protein in HepG2 and wild type mouse Hepa-1 cells, but not in the Ah receptor nuclear translocation defective mouse C- mutant c4 cells. In addition, deletion of this region of the CYP1A2 gene reduces the 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-initiated induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in both promoter- and enhancer-specific constructs. The second responsive region is located at -2259/-1987. This region of the gene contains a second xenobiotic-responsive element-like element, but this element does not associate with the nuclear Ah receptor. However, there does exist several potential AP1 binding sites and a conserved TATA box. A DNA fragment from -2259/-1970 that contains these elements was shown to function as an efficient eukaryotic promoter, in addition to supporting 3-MC-induced promoter activity. These results suggest that Ah receptor-specific and promoter-specific elements regulate the expression of the human CYP1A2 gene.
Inhibition of Thymopoiesis of CD34<sup>+</sup>Cell Maturation by HIV‐1 in an In Vitro CD34<sup>+</sup>Cell and Thymic Epithelial Organ Culture Model (1999)

The mechanisms by which HIV-1 affects thymopoiesis were determined by preincubating CD34+ cells or cultured thymic epithelial (CTE) cells with lymphotropic (T-) and monotropic (M-) strains of HIV-1 in an in vitro CTE organ and CD34+ cell coculture model that allows for analysis of development of thymocytes and mature T cells. When purified CD34+ cells were precultured with either T- or M-tropic strains of HIV-1, thymopoiesis was impaired in a two-week coculture manifested by decreased cell number of thymocytes generated. However, the percentages of thymocyte subpopulations were comparable to control uninfected cocultures. Furthermore, HIV infection of thymocytes was predominantly observed in the CD44+CD3- population. However, in a four-week coculture experiment, HIV infection and depletion of more mature thymocytes were also observed. When CTE cells were preincubated with T- and M-tropic strains of HIV before addition of CD34+ cells, the number of thymocytes and subpopulations of thymocytes at early and later stages of maturation were markedly decreased. Furthermore, CD34+ and CD44+CD3- cells become HIV-infected. In summary, HIV-1 infection inhibited thymocyte maturation at early stages of thymocyte maturation CD44+CD25-CD3-. In addition, HIV also depleted later stages of CD4+ thymocyte subpopulations.
Accuracy and Precision of the Tomey ViVA Infrared Photorefractor (1996)

We conclude that, although the ViVA offers many attractive features for vision screening, it is seriously limited by its inability to property detect and measure oblique astigmatic errors.
Extracorporeal Elimination of Carbon Dioxide Using a Surface-Heparinized Veno-Venous Bypass System (1986)

BINDSLEV, L.; GOUDA, I.; INACIO, J.; KODAMA, K.; LAGERGREN, H.; LARM, O.; NILSSON, E.; OLSSON, P. Author Information
Impact of fairness on Internet performance (2001)

We discuss the relevance of fairness as a design objective for congestion control mechanisms in the Internet. Specifically, we consider a backbone network shared by a dynamic number of short-lived flows, and study the impact of bandwidth sharing on network performance. In particular, we prove that for a broad class of fair bandwidth allocations, the total number of flows in progress remains finite if the load of every link is less than one. We also show that provided the bandwidth allocation is "sufficiently" fair, performance is optimal in the sense that the throughput of the flows is mainly determined by their access rate. Neither property is guaranteed with unfair bandwidth allocations, when priority is given to one class of flow with respect to another. This suggests current proposals for a differentiated services Internet may lead to suboptimal utilization of network resources.
Deep-level transient charge spectroscopy of Sn donors in Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As (1993)

Deep-level transient charge spectroscopy (QDLTS) measurement is described. The technique is used to investigate energy levels of tin in AlxG1−xAs. The QLDTS spectra have multiple peaks which show the multilevel nature of the tin donors.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN SYNTHETIC AND BIOSYNTHETIC MESHES IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SEVERE GENITAL PROLAPSE: RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS (2010)

The effectiveness, tolerability and complications of two surgical procedures using prosthetic materials with different physical and structural properties were assessed with a full Urogynecology work-up, through a retrospective study of 158 patients with severe genital prolapse (POP-Q staging III-IV) selected from November 2006 to April 2009. Eighty-six patients underwent fascial replacement surgery with ProliftTM System with a dual transobturator access in the anterior district and a transperineal posterior access with a synthetic polypropylene type I mesh (Group A). Seventy-two patients who underwent pelvic organ prolapse surgery with Avaulta/Avaulta PlusTM System with a dual transobturator access in the anterior district and a dual transperineal posterior access with a biosynthetic polypropylene type I mesh coated with a film of hydrophilic porcine collagen were placed in Group B. There were no intra and postoperative complications. Results of mean 20.8 month follow-up showed an effective anatomical cure rate of 89.5% in group A and 86.1% in group B and a low percentage of erosive complications, 8.1% and 5.6% respectively. Validated questionnaires for prolapse, the UDI 6 s.f., the IIQ7 s.f. and the PISQ-12 all showed a statistically significant improvement of quality of life in patients undergoing the two procedures (Wilcoxon test: P&lt;0.001).
Formation of a Soluble Stable Complex between Pristine C<sub>60</sub>‐Fullerene and a Native Blood Protein (2006)

Concern is growing about the potential impact of human exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials (such as fullerenes) in the environment. A valid biological study of how native biomolecules interact with nanomaterials at the molecular level in physiological conditions requires the preservation of their physicochemical properties, yet most investigations rely on the use of modified fullerene conjugates or aggregates. We report the formation of a stable, water-soluble, well-defined complex between a single molecule of pristine C(60)-fullerene and a native protein, bovine serum albumin protein (BSA), with the normal three-dimensional structure of BSA preserved. The ability to produce a pristine C(60)-fullerene-BSA hybrid at a physiological pH range lays a solid foundation for studying carbonaceous materials, biodelivery systems, and transport mechanisms and for characterizing the potential effects of nanomaterials on wildlife and human health, both in vitro and in vivo.
Holographically Made Zone Plates for use in X-Ray-Telescopes (1971)

As it is well known one can obtain images of the Sun in the soft X-ray region and far UV region by use of zone plates. The main advantage of such imaging systems is the good resolution over a large field. There are however some disadvantages by using zone plates as imaging systems. These disadvantages are the wavelength dependence of the focal length and the zero order halo which diminishes the contrast of the image.
A Rapid, Robust, and Accurate Coupled Boundary-Layer Method for Cart3D (2012)

An interactive boundary-layer method has been implemented within the Cart3D Euler solver. The implementation subscribes to the philosophy of automation and efficiency of the original Euler-based inviscid method. A quasi-simultaneous coupling algorithm has been applied to promote speedy convergence and robustness. A new interface between Cart3D and the boundary layer solver has been invented which further promotes robustness and accuracy. An elliptic solver for propagating the boundary layer solution between the 2-D strips has been developed that exhibits improved accuracy over traditional solvers. Results on airfoils, wings, and full aircraft configurations are shown and compared to Navier-Stokes solutions and experimental data. Conclusions are drawn as to the accuracy and practical application of the method.
Thermal decomposition of methyl and phenyl triphenylmethylazocarboxylates (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal decomposition of methyl and phenyl triphenylmethylazocarboxylatesDouglas E. Zabel and Walter S. TrahanovskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 15, 2413–2418Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00980a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00980a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DETERMINANTS OF INTENTIONS TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS AGAINST SKIN CANCER (1984)

Abstract One hundred and fifty subjects answered a questionnaire on the publicised skin cancer precautions conveyed in the slogan “Slip Slop Slap” (referring to the use of shirts, sunscreens and hats.) Questionnaire items were based on the following psychological theories thought to be useful in explaining health behaviour — Theory of Reasoned Action, Health Belief Model and Subjective Probability Model. The study was designed to find which specific beliefs related most strongly to intentions to engage in the skin cancer precautions. Important sex differences, as well as similarities were discovered in the beliefs functionally related to the precautionary intentions, suggesting guidelines for a segmented health education strategy. Certain beliefs that appear to be ready targets for factual health education approaches were identified and others, evidently requiring more indirect and subtle approaches are discussed.
Ninety-Nine Is Not Enough: Molecular Characterization of Inhibitor-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Mutants with Insertions in the Flap Region (2008)

While the selection of amino acid insertions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) is a known mechanism of resistance against RT inhibitors, very few reports on the selection of insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been published. It is still unclear whether these insertions impact protease inhibitor (PI) resistance and/or viral replication capacity. We show that the prevalence of insertions, especially between amino acids 30 to 41 of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) PR, has increased in recent years. We identified amino acid insertions at positions 33 and 35 of the PR of HIV-1-infected patients who had undergone prolonged treatment with PIs, and we characterized the contribution of these insertions to viral resistance. We prepared the corresponding mutated, recombinant PR variants with or without insertions at positions 33 and 35 and characterized them in terms of enzyme kinetics and crystal structures. We also engineered the corresponding recombinant viruses and analyzed the PR susceptibility and replication capacity by recombinant virus assay. Both in vitro methods confirmed that the amino acid insertions at positions 33 and 35 contribute to the viral resistance to most of the tested PIs. The structural analysis revealed local structural rearrangements in the flap region and in the substrate binding pockets. The enlargement of the PR substrate binding site together with impaired flap dynamics could account for the weaker inhibitor binding by the insertion mutants. Amino acid insertions in the vicinity of the binding cleft therefore represent a novel mechanism of HIV resistance development.
Les pseudonitrosites en chimie organosilicique (1975)

Abstract The reaction of dinitrogen trioxide with seven silanes containing an ethylenic chain, lead to pseudonitrosites.
The Effects of .BETA.-Adrenoceptor Agonists on KCl-induced Rhythmic Contraction in the Ureter of Guinea Pig. (2000)

In the present study, we tried to determine what effects were induced by beta-adrenoceptor agonists on 40 mM KCl-induced rhythmic contraction and to clarify which beta-adrenoceptor subtypes are involved in the regulation of ureter motility in the guinea pig by using in vitro functional analysis. 40 mM KCl-induced rhythmic contraction was abolished by papaverine (10(-6) M), nicardipine (10(-5) M) and cromakalim (10(-5) M), but was not influenced by atropine (10(-6) M). Isoprenaline decreased the amplitude, and changed the pattern of 40 mM KCl-induced rhythmic contraction in concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest the possibility that the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors may regulate the ureteral peristalsis. Salbutamol (selective beta2-AR agonist) and CGP12177 (beta(1,2)-AR antagonist and beta3-AR partial agonist) were also effective in decreasing the amplitude and changing the pattern of the rhythmic contraction. The pD2 values of agonists were 7.57 (isoprenaline), 5.80 (CGP12177) and 7.63 (salbutamol), respectively. The concentration-response curves of isoprenaline and salbutamol were rightward shifted by the presence of propranolol, and the apparent pA2 values for propranolol against isoprenaline and salbutamol were 7.12 and 6.29, respectively. These results suggest that inhibition for 40 mM KCl-induced rhythmic contraction of the ureter by isoprenaline and salbutamol mediated mainly via atypical beta-adrenoceptor subtype.
fw2.2 Directly Affects the Size of Developing Tomato Fruit, with Secondary Effects on Fruit Number and Photosynthate Distribution (2001)

fw2.2 is a quantitative trait locus responsible for approximately 30% of the difference in fruit size between large, domesticated tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and their small-fruited wild relatives.The gene underlying this quantitative trait locus was cloned recently and shown to be associated with altered cell division in ovaries (Frary et al., 2000).However, it was not known whether the change in fruit size is associated with other changes in plant morphology or overall fruit yield-changes that could potentially cause the fruit weight phenotype.To shed light on this issue, a detailed comparison was made between nearly isogenic lines differing for alleles at this locus to search for pleiotropic effects associated with fw2.2.Field observations show that although the small-fruited nearly isogenic line produced smaller ovaries and fruit as expected, this was compensated by a larger number of fruit-due mainly to a significantly greater number of inflorescences-but with no net change in total fruit mass yield.This strongly suggests that fw2.2 may have a pleiotropic effect on how the plant distributes photosynthate among fruit.In a flower removal experiment to control for differences in inflorescence size and number, fruit size remained significantly different between the nearly isogenic lines.These observations indicate that the primary effect of fw2.2 is in controlling ovary and fruit size, and that other associated phenotypic effects are secondary.
Doppler-sensitive active sonar pulsedesigns for reverberation processing (1998)

The performance of active sonars operating in shallow water is often limited by the reverberation level (Waite, 1998). If a target is moving relative to the reverberating scatterers, it may be possible to isolate its Doppler-scaled echo from the zero-Doppler reverberation provided that the Doppler shift is greater than the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse. In practice, this generally implies the use of narrowband long-duration continuous-wave (CW) pulses. The major disadvantages of this method are the poor range resolution of such pulses leading to poor reverberation processing with low Doppler targets. To detect slowly moving or stationary targets, linear period modulation (LPM) chirps are often used in preference. Several new classes of pulse design have been proposed which theoretically provide superior reverberation processing to CW pulses by virtue of their comb-like spectra. The paper reviews the theory behind Newhall trains, sinusoidal frequency modulated pulses and geometric comb waveforms, comparing their theoretical reverberation processing gains against CW and LPM pulses using the Q-function. Experimental results from low-frequency active sonar sea trials are also presented to verify theoretical predictions.
A New Spatial Attraction Model for Improving Subpixel Land Cover Classification (2017)

Subpixel mapping (SPM) is a technique that produces hard classification maps at a spatial resolution finer than that of the input images produced when handling mixed pixels. Existing spatial attraction model (SAM) techniques have been proven to be an effective SPM method. The techniques mostly differ in the way in which they compute the spatial attraction, for example, from the surrounding pixels in the subpixel/pixel spatial attraction model (SPSAM), from the subpixels within the surrounding pixels in the modified SPSAM (MSPSAM), or from the subpixels within the surrounding pixels and the touching subpixels within the central pixel in the mixed spatial attraction model (MSAM). However, they have a number of common defects, such as a lack of consideration of the attraction from subpixels within the central pixel and the unequal treatment of attraction from surrounding subpixels of the same distance. In order to overcome these defects, this study proposed an improved SAM (ISAM) for SPM. ISAM estimates the attraction value of the current subpixel at the center of a moving window from all subpixels within the window, and moves the window one subpixel per step. Experimental results from both Landsat and MODIS imagery have proven that ISAM, when compared with other SAMs, can improve SPM accuracies and is a more efficient SPM technique than MSPSAM and MSAM.
Nanoscale Increases in CD2-CD48-mediated Intermembrane Spacing Decrease Adhesion and Reorganize the Immunological Synapse (2008)

The relationship between intermembrane spacing, adhesion efficiency, and lateral organization of adhesion receptors has not been established for any adhesion system. We have utilized the CD2 ligand CD48 with two (wild type CD48 (CD48-WT)), four (CD48-CD2), or five (CD48-CD22) Ig-like domains. CD48-WT was 10-fold more efficient in mediating adhesion than CD48-CD2 or CD48-CD22. Electron tomography of contact areas with planar bilayers demonstrated average intermembrane spacing of 12.8 nm with CD48-WT, 14.7 nm with CD48-CD2, and 15.6 nm with CD48-CD22. Both CD48-CD2 and CD48-CD22 chimeras segregated completely from CD48-WT in mixed contact areas. In contrast, CD48-CD2 and CD48-CD22 co-localized when mixed contacts were formed. Confocal imaging of immunological synapses formed between primary T lymphocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells presenting major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes, and different forms of CD48 demonstrated that CD48-CD2 and CD48-CD22 induce an eccentric CD2/T cell antigen receptor cluster. We propose that this reorganization of the immunological synapse sequesters the T cell antigen receptor in a location where it cannot interact with its ligand and dramatically reduces T cell sensitivity.
[Expression of Japanese encephalitis virus E protein in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris]. (2003)

JEV E protein was expressed successfully in yeast Pichia pastoris, which should be useful for the production of diagnostic reagents and genetically engineered vaccine of JEV.