gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A graphical simulation model of the entire DNA process associated with the analysis of short tandem repeat loci (2005)

The use of expert systems to interpret short tandem repeat DNA profiles in forensic, medical and ancient DNA applications is becoming increasingly prevalent as high-throughput analytical systems generate large amounts of data that are time-consuming to process. With special reference to low copy number (LCN) applications, we use a graphical model to simulate stochastic variation associated with the entire DNA process starting with extraction of sample, followed by the processing associated with the preparation of a PCR reaction mixture and PCR itself. Each part of the process is modelled with input efficiency parameters. Then, the key output parameters that define the characteristics of a DNA profile are derived, namely heterozygote balance (Hb) and the probability of allelic drop-out p(D). The model can be used to estimate the unknown efficiency parameters, such as pi(extraction). 'What-if' scenarios can be used to improve and optimize the entire process, e.g. by increasing the aliquot forwarded to PCR, the improvement expected to a given DNA profile can be reliably predicted. We demonstrate that Hb and drop-out are mainly a function of stochastic effect of pre-PCR molecular selection. Whole genome amplification is unlikely to give any benefit over conventional PCR for LCN.
Treatment of keloids and hypertrofic scars with an argon laser (1986)

A report is given on the treatment of keloids and hypertrofic scars using an argon laser. Of the 45 patients who participated, only three patients had a diminishing of over 50%, and 40 patients were classified as obtaining slight improvement, which means a diminishing of between 20 and 50% of the original keloid. Twenty-seven patients showed no change after treatment with the argon laser and one patient had a poorer result, due to a complication after the last treatment. Directly after treatment, most keloids showed an obvious shrinkage. After several days, however, the keloids became the same size as before treatment. Decrease of tension of the skin after treatment seems to influence the result favorably. We find the best response to treatment with an argon laser in long narrow keloids (hypertrofic scars). In general, the results are disappointing, especially because until now the literature claims good results on this subject.
Drug interactions involving the new second- and third-generation antiepileptic drugs (2009)

During the period 1989-2009, 14 new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were licensed for clinical use and these can be subdivided into new second- and third-generation AEDs. The second-generation AEDs comprise felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide. The third-generation AEDs comprise eslicarbazepine acetate and lacosamide. The interaction propensity of AEDs is very important because all new AEDs are licensed, at least in the first instance, as adjunctive therapy. The present review summarizes the interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) that have been reported with the newer AEDs. The pharmacokinetic interactions include those relating to protein-binding displacement from albumin in blood, and metabolic inhibitory and induction interactions occurring in the liver. Overall, the newer AEDs are less interacting because their pharmacokinetics are more favorable and many are minimally or not bound to blood albumin (e.g., eslicarbazepine, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide levetiracetam, rufinamide, topiramate and vigabatrin) and are primarily renally excreted or metabolized by noncytochrome P450 or uridine glucoronyl transferases (e.g., gabapentin, lacosamide levetiracetam, rufinamide, topiramate and vigabatrin) as opposed to hepatic metabolism which is particularly amenable to interference. Gabapentin, lacosamide, levetiracetam, pregabalin and vigabatrin are essentially not associated with clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions. Of the new AEDs, lamotrigine and topiramate are the most interacting. Furthermore, the metabolism of lamotrigine is susceptible to both enzyme inhibition and enzyme induction. While the metabolism of felbamate, tiagabine, topiramate and zonisamide can be induced by enzyme-inducing AEDs, they are less vulnerable to inhibition by valproate. Noteworthy is the fact that only five new AEDs (eslicarbazepine, felbamate, oxcarbazepine, rufinamide and topiramate) interact with oral contraceptives and compromise contraception control. The most clinically significant pharmacodynamic interaction is that relating to the synergism of valproate and lamotrigine for complex partial seizures. Compared with the first-generation AEDs, the new second- and third-generation AEDs are less interacting, and this is a desirable development because it allows ease of prescribing by the physician and less complicated therapeutic outcomes and complications for patients.
Inhomogeneous Lenses, III Paraxial Optics (1971)

Formulas for the four gaussian constants A, B, C, and D characterizing the paraxial properties of a symmetric optical system are derived for various single lenses in which the refractive index varies continuously from point to point. Particular attention is paid to those lenses with either a cylindrical or an axial index distribution and questions pertaining to the depth of an axial distribution are considered; in particular, it is shown that the depth of an axial distribution has little effect on the paraxial properties. More general distributions are treated by expanding the gaussian constants as power series in the lens thickness. These results are applied to the problem of estimating tolerances on the inhomogeneities. It is shown that the choice of index distribution can have important effects on the relationship between the power of the lens and its Petzval field curvature.
Optimized fuzzy logic control strategy of hybrid vehicles under different driving cycle (2011)

This paper focuses on the control strategy of Hybrid Vehicles under different driving cycle. FLC is mainly based on the process knowledge and intuition. In comparison, the Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is a modeling method, which primarily based on data. It is presented here that the membership functions and rules of FLC could be optimized once ANFIS is trained by actual driving cycle data collected from software ADVISOR. Then the FLC controller block in ADVISOR is rewritten by the optimized membership functions according to the ANFIS training. And we choose two different driving cycles for comparison to improve the effectiveness of the method. Some simulation results are compared and discussed: the optimized FLC exhibits better performance in terms of fuel consumption and pollutants emission.
A Comparison of Measured and Calculated Speech Temporal Parameters Relevant to Speech Activity Detection (1982)

This paper deals with the measurement and calculation of various speech temporal parameters of interest in an environment where speech activity detection is employed. In particular it is shown that, based on either a measurement or model of the probability density function (pdf) for silence durations for the case of zero talkspurt "hangover" or "fill-in," that the following temporal parameters can be computed for any value of hangover or fill-in: the mean (and pdf) for silence durations, the mean talkspurt duration, the mean talkspurt rate, and the speech activity. Directly measured values of these parameters and those computed from both measured and fitted versions of the pdf for silence durations are compared and are shown to be in reasonable agreement. The illustrated results are based on measurements of about two minutes of taped male monolog source speech. However, the approach to calculating the above parameters is general in the sense that it can be applied to any measured or modeled pdf for silence durations. The significance of this work lies in the important role that talkspurt hangover plays, for example, in minimizing speech detector induced back-end clipping of talkspurts, reducing exposure to the variable talkspurt delay impairment, and in determining signaling overhead and resource occupancy in various speech interpolation, packet voice, and integrated voice/data systems.
gProximity: Hierarchical GPU‐based Operations for Collision and Distance Queries (2010)

Abstract We present novel parallel algorithms for collision detection and separation distance computation for rigid and deformable models that exploit the computational capabilities of many‐core GPUs. Our approach uses thread and data parallelism to perform fast hierarchy construction, updating, and traversal using tight‐fitting bounding volumes such as oriented bounding boxes (OBB) and rectangular swept spheres (RSS). We also describe efficient algorithms to compute a linear bounding volume hierarchy (LBVH) and update them using refitting methods. Moreover, we show that tight‐fitting bounding volume hierarchies offer improved performance on GPU‐like throughput architectures. We use our algorithms to perform discrete and continuous collision detection including self‐collisions, as well as separation distance computation between non‐overlapping models. In practice, our approach (gProximity) can perform these queries in a few milliseconds on a PC with NVIDIA GTX 285 card on models composed of tens or hundreds of thousands of triangles used in cloth simulation, surgical simulation, virtual prototyping and N‐body simulation. Moreover, we observe more than an order of magnitude performance improvement over prior GPU‐based algorithms.
Polygalactose Containing Nanocages: The RAFT Process for the Synthesis of Hollow Sugar Balls (2009)

Hollow poly(6-O-acryloyl-alpha-D-galactopyranose) (PAGP) nanospheres were prepared in a facile manner using the RAFT (reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer) process. Initially, an amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(lactide)-block-poly(6-O-acryloyl-alpha-D-galactopyranose) (PLA-b-PAGP), was synthesized using a poly(lactide) (PLA) macroRAFT agent. It was attained in high yields and displayed low PDI values. The block copolymers self-assembled in aqueous solution to form micelles with pendent galactose moieties covering the surface. By using hexandiol diacrylate the micelles were cross-linked at the nexus of the copolymer, creating stable aggregates. Aminolysis with hexylamine allowed the removal of the PLA core without any detrimental effect on the glycopolymer units to produce hollow nanocages. Characterization of these hollow "sugar balls" with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the cross-linked micelles with a central void due to the removal of the hydrophobic block. These micelles are advantageous in drug delivery applications, especially those involving the liver, thanks to the pendent galactose functionalities covering the surfaces of the nanocages.
Performance evaluation of a paging sequence updating scheme (1998)

In existing mobile communication networks, automatic trace routing is realized by location updating and simultaneous paging. Anticipating a dramatic increase in the demand for mobile communications in the future, this paper proposes the following paging scheme. Based on the statistics of the staying time for each area acquired by the mobile station, the paging sequence for the area is determined and is registered in a network. When a call directed to a mobile station is placed, the network executes paging according to that sequence. A model is introduced to represent the moving characteristics of the mobile station among the zones by a transition probability. The proposed scheme is compared to the conventional scheme, where location and simultaneous paging are used. The number of paged ratio zones in the case of directed calls is compared, and the basic characteristics are obtained. We show, as a result, that when the average moving speed of the mobile station is low, the number of radio zones is greatly reduced in the proposed scheme, indicating the possibility for efficient use of radio resources. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 81(6): 61–68, 1998
Hydroxyproline and Peroxidases in Cell Walls of<i>Pisum sativum</i>: Regulation by Ethylene (1970)

Journal Article Hydroxyproline and Peroxidases in Cell Walls of Pisum sativum: Regulation by Ethylene Get access IRENE RIDGE, IRENE RIDGE Agricultural Research Council, Unit of Experimental Agronomy, Department of Agricultural Science, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAPHNE J. OSBORNE DAPHNE J. OSBORNE Agricultural Research Council, Unit of Experimental Agronomy, Department of Agricultural Science, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 21, Issue 4, November 1970, Pages 843–856, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/21.4.843 Published: 01 November 1970 Article history Received: 23 April 1970 Published: 01 November 1970
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermosensitive PNIPAM Microgels Covered with Superparamagnetic γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles (2007)

In the present study we report a facile and reproducible method of preparing magnetic thermosensitive hybrid material based on P(NIPAM) microgels covered with gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles of 6-nm size. The iron oxide nanoparticles provided magnetic response to the microgels. In addition, the presence of the magnetic nanoparticles on the microgels altered their swelling behavior and shifted their volume phase transition temperature to higher values. In particular, for inorganic shells with 18% (w/w) of magnetic nanoparticles the volume phase transition of the microgels was shifted from 36 to 40 degrees C. In contrast, for shells consisting of 38% (w/w) magnetic nanoparticles the volume phase transition of the microgels was almost blocked, thus indicating that the microgel thermal response was strongly affected by the presence of the inorganic nanoparticles. The synthesized thermosensitive magnetic microgels are envisaged to be ideal for potential applications as thermosensitive targeted drug delivery systems.
Modeling 3D Curves of Minimal Energy (1995)

Abstract Modeling a curve through minimizing its energy yields an overall smooth curve. A common way to model shape features is to perform the minimization subject to a number of interpolation constraints. This way of modeling is attractive because the designer is not bothered with the precise representation of the curve (e.g. control points). However, local shape specification by means of interpolation constraints is very limited. On the other hand, local deformation by repositioning control points is powerful but very laborious, and destroys the minimal energy property. In this paper, deform operators are introduced for 3D curve modeling that have built‐in energy terms that have an intuitive effect. These operators allow local shape modification and do justice to the energy minimization way of modeling.
A Method for Extracting a Musical Unit to Phrase Music Data in the Compressed Domain of TwinVq Audio Compression (2005)

A method for phrasing music data into meaningful musical pieces (e.g., bar and phrase) is an important function to analyze music data. To realize this function, we propose a method for extracting a unit of music data (musical unit) in the compressed domain of TwinVQ audio compression (MPEG-4 audio). Our key idea is to extract a musical unit from a sequence of autocorrelation coefficients computed in the encoding step of TwinVQ audio compression. We call the sequence of the autocorrelation coefficients the "autocorrelation sequence r". We use the k-th autocorrelation sequence r/sub k/ (k=1, 2, ..., 20) of music data for extracting a musical unit of music data. First, we calculate the j/sub k/-th autocorrelation coefficient a/sub k//sup j//sub k/ of the k-th autocorrelation sequence r/sub k/ (j/sub k/=38, 39, ..., 208; k=1, 2, ...,20). Second, for detecting the peak in the sequence (a/sub k//sup 38/, a/sub k//sup 39/, ..., a/sub k//sup 208/), the Laplacian filter is applied to the sequence. We then obtain the order p/sub k/ for which the maximum differential coefficient is attained. Finally, we compute the musical unit using p/sub k/. To evaluate the performance of extracting the musical unit by our method, we collected 64 music data and obtained autocorrelation sequences by applying the TwinVQ encoder to each data. We then applied our extraction algorithm to each autocorrelation sequence. The experimental results reveal a very good performance in the extraction of a musical unit for phrasing music data.
A THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF PRESSURE SWING REACTION (1994)

Pressure Swing Reaction (PSR) is a novel type of operation which combines simultaneous pressure swing separation and reaction of a gas mixture. A mathematical model of a PSR has been formulated and solved numerically by the method of characteristics. Three process arrangements that are typical of conventional pressure swing adsorption (PSA) have been investigated to show the effect of the operating parameters on the reaction and on the separation of the product from the reactant. The results of simple cycles at low product amounts show a separation inversion compared to conventional PSA. Purge cycle and backfill cycle results show more conventional separation behaviour. In comparison with simple plug flow and fully mixed reactors, a PSR offers process intensification by the combination of reaction with primary product separation.
Recent Advances in Knowledge of Rubber Friction and Tire Wear (1968)

Abstract Progress in the last few years in understanding rubber friction and tire wear justifies a survey of developments since a review of the subject in 1958. Work on fundamental of friction and abrasion has mainly evolved from conceptions formed in the earlier investigations; it had, however, not been realized that wear of tires and, indeed, abrasion on certain laboratory machines brings into play gross properties of the tire or testpiece which affect rate of wear just as much as the actual abrasion resistance of the tread compound. This new field of research has led to rationalization of road testing, and has helped to bridge the gap between laboratory and road. A report on these developments is given. Much of the work is concerned with the viscoelastic nature of rubber friction and abrasion, which has come to light through the experimentally established validity of the rate-temperature equivalence principle for these processes. This principle, which holds good for all viscoelastic processes, is briefly described in the next section in order not to interrupt the subsequent argument.
High Modulus and High Tg Thermally Stable Polymers from Di-p-ethynylbenzoyl Ester Monomers: Synthesis, Solid State Polymerization; Processing, and Thermal Properties (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Modulus and High Tg Thermally Stable Polymers from Di-p-ethynylbenzoyl Ester Monomers: Synthesis, Solid State Polymerization; Processing, and Thermal PropertiesAnastasios P. Melissaris and Morton H. LittCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 10, 2675–2684Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00088a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00088a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification, properties, and N-terminal amino acid sequence of homogeneous Escherichia coli 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase, a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme. (1987)

Starting with 100 g (wet weight) of a mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 forced to grow on L-threonine as sole carbon source, we developed a 6-step procedure that provides 30-40 mg of homogeneous 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase (also called aminoacetone synthetase or synthase). This ligase, which catalyzes the cleavage/condensation reaction between 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate (the presumed product of the L-threonine dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction) and glycine + acetyl-CoA, has an apparent molecular weight approximately equal to 85,000 and consists of two identical (or nearly identical) subunits with Mr = 42,000. Computer analysis of amino acid composition data, which gives the best fit nearest integer ratio for each residue, indicates a total of 387 amino acids/subunit with a calculated Mr = 42,093. Stepwise Edman degradation provided the N-terminal sequence of the first 21 amino acids. It is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme since (a) several carbonyl reagents caused greater than 90% loss of activity, (b) dialysis against buffer containing hydroxylamine resulted in 89% loss of activity coincident with an 86% decrease in absorptivity at 428 nm, (c) incubation of the apoenzyme with 20 microM pyridoxal phosphate showed a parallel recovery (greater than 90%) of activity and 428-nm absorptivity, and (d) reduction of the holoenzyme with NaBH4 resulted in complete inactivation, disappearance of a new absorption maximum at 333 nm. Strict specificity for glycine is shown but acetyl-CoA (100%), n-propionyl-CoA (127%), or n-butyryl-CoA (16%) is utilized in the condensation reaction. Apparent Km values for acetyl-CoA, n-propionyl-CoA, and glycine are 59 microM, 80 microM, and 12 mM, respectively; the pH optimum = 7.5. Added divalent metal ions or sulfhydryl compounds inhibited catalysis of the condensation reaction.
Dynamic n-best Selection and Its Application in Dialog Act Detection (2007)

We propose dynamically selecting n for nbest outputs returned from a dialog system module.We define a selection criterion based on maximum drop among probabilities, and demonstrate its theoretical properties.Applying this method to a dialog-act detection module, we show consistent higher performance of this method relative to all other n-best methods with fixed n.The performance metric we use is based on ROC area.