gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a prokaryotic glycoprotein from the cell envelope of Halobacterium salinarium. (1976)

The glycoprotein which accounts for approximately 50% of the protein and all of the nonlipid carbohydrate of the cell envelope of Halobacterium salinarium (Mescher, M. F., Strominger, J. L., and Watson S. W. (1974) J. Bacteriol. 120, 945-954) has been purified and partially characterized. The glycoprotein has an apparent molecular weight of 200,000, is extremely acidic, and has a carbohydrate content of approximately 10 to 12%. The carbohydrate included neutral hexoses, amino sugar, and uronic acid. Information regarding the number, composition, and mode of attachment of the carbohydrate chains was obtained by isolation and examination of the glycopeptides derived from degradation of cell envelope protein with trypsin and pronase. Trypsin digestion resulted in two glycopeptides. One of these was large (approximately 55,000 daltons) and had most of the neutral hexose linked to it. The carbohydrate moieties consisted of di- and trisaccharides of glucosylgalactose and (uronic acid, glucose)-galactose attached via O-glycosidic linkages between galactose and threonine. The other tryptic glycopeptide had a relatively large heterosaccharide attached to it via an alkaline-stable linkage. The heterosaccharide contained 1 glucose, 8 to 9 galactose, 1 mannose, and 10 to 11 glucosamine residues, and approximately 6 residues of an unidentified amino augar. The alkaline stability of the linkage and the amino acid composition of glycopeptides resulting from Pronase digestion of the tryptic glycopeptide showed that the heterosaccharide was attached to an asparagine residue, presumably via an N-glycosylamine bond to the amide group. The intact glycoprotein has a single N-linked heterosaccharide, 22 to 24 O-linked disaccharides, and 12 to 14 O-linked trisaccharides per molecule. N- and O-glycosidic linkages are the most common carbohydrate-protein linkages in mammalian glycoproteins but, to our knowledge, this is the first report of either type of linkage in a prokaryotic cell envelope protein.
LGI1 is mutated in familial temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by aphasic seizures (2002)

Autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy previously has been linked to chromosome 10q22-q24, and recently mutations in the LGI1 gene (Leucine-rich gene, Glioma Inactivated) have been found in some autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy families. We have now identified a missense mutation affecting a conserved cysteine residue in the extracellular region of the LGI1 protein. The C46R mutation is associated with autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy in a large Norwegian family showing unusual clinical features like short-lasting sensory aphasia and auditory symptoms.
Self-learning photonic signal processor with an optical neural network chip (2019)

Photonic signal processing is essential in the optical communication and optical computing. Numerous photonic signal processors have been proposed, but most of them exhibit limited reconfigurability and automaticity. A feature of fully automatic implementation and intelligent response is highly desirable for the multipurpose photonic signal processors. Here, we report and experimentally demonstrate a fully self-learning and reconfigurable photonic signal processor based on an optical neural network chip. The proposed photonic signal processor is capable of performing various functions including multichannel optical switching, optical multiple-input-multiple-output descrambler and tunable optical filter. All the functions are achieved by complete self-learning. Our demonstration suggests great potential for chip-scale fully programmable optical signal processing with artificial intelligence.
FREQUENCY-MODULATED CONTINUOUS-WAVE (FM-CW) RADAR FOR EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY STRUCTURES USED IN GLASS MANUFACTURING FURNACES (2009)

A frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FM‐CW) handheld radar operating in the frequency range of 8–18 GHz, resulting in a relatively fine range resolution was designed and constructed for on‐site inspection of refractory structure thickness. This paper presents the design of the radar and the results of measurements conducted on typical refractory furnace structures assembled in the laboratory.
A Method for Chemical‐Shift‐Selective Imaging (1985)

Selective suppression of a given resonance in an NMR image can be obtained with a pi/2 pulse whose excitation spectrum is zero at the appropriate chemical shift. The selective pi/2 pulse presented here is composed of two nonselective pi/2 pulses of opposite phase. The two pulses are separated by a short interval which determines the excitation spectrum.
C-based SoC design flow and EDA tools: an ASIC and system vendor perspective (2000)

This paper examines the achievements and future of system-on-a-chip (SoC) design methodology and design flow from the viewpoints of an in-house electronic design automation team of an application-specific integrated circuit and system vendor. We initially discuss the problems of the design productivity gap caused by the SoC's complexity and the timing closure caused by deep-submicrometer technology. To solve these two problems, we propose a C-based SoC design environment that features integrated high-level synthesis (HLS) and verification tools. A HLS system is introduced using various successful industrial design examples, and its advantages and drawbacks are discussed. We then look at the future directions of this system. The high-level verification environment consists of a mixed-level hardware/software co-simulator, formal and semi-formal verifiers, and test-bench generators. The verification tools are tightly integrated with the HLS system and take advantage of information from the synthesis system. Then, we discusses the possibility of incorporating physical design features into the C-based SoC design environment. Finally, we describe our global vision for an SoC architecture and SoC design methodology.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Mutants with Low Levels of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Nucleotidyltransferase (1974)

To determine the function of the enzyme transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) nucleotidyltransferase in vivo, five mutants of Escherichia coli containing low levels of this enzyme were isolated. Since no selection procedure for such mutants existed, these strains were isolated by assay of large numbers of colonies from a heavily mutagenized stock. A procedure employing cells made permeable to tRNA and ATP was used to screen the large number of colonies required for the isolation. All the mutants contained less than 20% of the normal level of the AMP-incorporating activity of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase in extracts prepared by several methods, and the best mutant contained only about 2% of this activity. Three of the mutants also had equally low levels of the cytidine 5'-monophosphate-incorporating activity of the enzyme. Despite these low activities, the mutant strains displayed relatively normal growth characteristics at all temperatures examined. The enzyme in the mutant strains was not temperature sensitive, nor were any other abnormal biochemical properties detected. tRNA isolated from the mutant strains was missing significant amounts of its 3' terminal adenosine 5'-monophosphate residue, amounting to 10 to 15% in the best mutant. However, only small amounts of the terminal cytidine 5'-monophosphate residue were missing. The results indicate that tRNA nucleotidyltransferase is involved in some aspect of synthesis or repair of the 3' terminus of tRNA, and that the enzyme is present in large excess over its requirements for this function.
Screening of TiO~2-Supported Catalysts for Selective NO~x Reduction with Ammonia (2004)

In the present study, the catalytic activities of several TiO2-supported metal and metal oxide catalysts have been tested simultaneously for the selective catalytic redn. of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (NH3-SCR) using high-throughput-screening equipment. Two different series of various catalyst samples were evaluated for different feed gas compns., both with and without water, and before and after SO2 exposure. The first series of samples consisted of catalysts contg. a single metal or metal oxide (Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Rh, Ag, W, Ir, or Pt), including a com. SCR catalyst sample for comparison. Of the metals investigated in the first series, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Rh were found to have the most interesting catalytic properties, regarding activity and selectivity at high or low temps. A second series of samples were prepd. contg. combinations of the selected metals, and the results from the catalytic tests show a general trend of increased SCR activity at lower temps. when Rh is added to the multiple-metal samples. The results further indicate that it is possible to widen the active temp. window by combining different metals in the catalyst formulation.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 1‐OXASPIRO(2.N)ALKAN‐5‐ONES (1978)

Abstract 2,2‐Dimethyl‐1 ,3‐cyclopentandion (I) reagiert mit Dimethylsulfoniummethylid zum Epoxid (II), aus dem Tetramethyl‐cyclohexan‐1,4‐dion (III) entstehen das Mono‐ (IV) und weiter das Diepoxid (V).
Content-based image retrieval (1995)

In order to retrieve images it is much more sophisticated and usual for human beings to use natural language concepts, e.g. mountainlake, than syntactical features, e.g. red region left up. This leads to a content-based image retrieval. Furthermore, it is unreasonable for any human being to make the content description for 1000 of images manually. From this point of view, the project IRIS (Image Retrieval for Information Systems) combines well-known methods and techniques in computer vision and AI in a new way to generate content descriptions of images in a textual form automatically. The text retrieval is done by IBM SearchManager for AIX. The system is implemented on IBM RISC Sytem/6000 3 using AIX 4. It has already been tested with 1200 images.
FYI on the X window system (1991)

This FYI RFC provides pointers to the published standards of the MIT X
Consortium. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
It does not specify any Internet standard.
Spontaneously increased production of nitric oxide and aberrant expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase in vivo in the transforming growth factor beta 1 null mouse. (1996)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mice (TGF-beta 1-/-) suffer from multifocal inflammation and die by 3-4 wk of age. In these mice, levels of nitric oxide (NO) reaction products in serum are elevated approximately fourfold over levels in controls, peaking at 15-17 d of life. Shortterm treatment of TGF-beta 1-/- mice with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine suppressed this elevated production of NO. Expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein is increased in the kidney and heart of TGF-beta 1-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that TGF-beta 1 negatively regulates iNOS expression in vivo, as had been inferred from mechanistic studies on the control of iNOS expression by TGF-beta 1 in vitro.
Content-based search and annotations in multimedia digital libraries (2004)

This paper describes a solution for the organization and management of multimedia collections in digital libraries. Video U-DL-A (VUDLA) is an extension to a digital library that allows for storage, indexing and annotation of multimedia documents. It functions in such way that text- and image-based queries can be issued in order to retrieve specific scenes from digital video collections. Technologies such as image and speech processing, video streaming, multimedia databases, information retrieval and graphical user interfaces are integrated to produce a novel multimedia, multimodal environment which re-evaluates text as an important medium for knowledge transmission. We have developed a fully operational testbed to explore multimedia data properties and organization possibilities as well as a wide range of practical applications.
Novel optically excited resonant pressure sensor (1988)

A novel pressure sensitive microresonator structure has been fabricated by anisotropic etching of silicon. An intensity modulated laser beam is focused onto the resonator and generates transverse vibrations, which are detected using optical heterodyne interferometric techniques. The pressure and temperature dependence of the resonant frequency of this structure is reported.
<scp>Fraud Detection Using a Multinomial Logit Model With Missing Information</scp> (2005)

Abstract Recently, Artís, Ayuso, and Guillén (2002, Journal of Risk and Insurance 69: 325–340; henceforth AAG) estimate a logit model using claims data. Some of the claims are categorized as “honest” and other claims are known to be fraudulent. Using the approach of Hausman, Abrevaya, and Scott‐Morton (1998 Journal of Econometrics 87: 239‐269), AAG estimate a modified logit model allowing for the possibility that some claims classified as honest might actually be fraudulent. Applying this model to data on Spanish automobile insurance claims, AGG find that 5 percent of the fraudulent claims go undetected. The purpose of this article is to estimate the model of AAG using a logit model with missing information. A constrained version of this model is used to reexamine the Spanish insurance claim data. The results indicate how to identify misclassified claims. We also show how misclassified claims can be identified using the AAG approach. We show that both approaches can be used to probabilistically identify misclassified claims.
An Improved Trace Analysis for N-Nitrosoureas from Biological Media (1981)

1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, BCNU, a widely used anticancer agent for a variety of neoplasms, can be rapidly, conveniently, and inexpensively determined at trace levels of clinical importance, from a variety of biological media, using HPLC-UV approaches. Limits of detection for BCNU from patient and control samples have been compared for HPLC-UV, HPLC-EC, and the Griess Test. The distribution and disappearance of BCNU from blood samples can be quickly and easily determined using the methods described. Individual blood samples are completely analyzed in less than 30 mins, from the time of sampling to qualitative and quantitative results.
Stem Cells and Cellular Origins of Breast Cancer: Updates in the Rationale, Controversies, and Therapeutic Implications (2019)

Breast cancer stem cells have been known to contribute immensely to the carcinogenesis of the breast and therapeutic resistance in the clinic. Current studies show that the population of breast cancer stem cells is heterogeneous, involving various cellular markers and regulatory signaling pathways. In addition, different subtypes of breast cancer exhibit distinct subtypes and frequencies of breast cancer stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells, including their various molecular markers, prominent regulatory signaling, and complex microenvironment. The cellular origins of breast cancer are discussed to understand the heterogeneity and diverse differentiations of stem cells. Importantly, we also outline the recent advances and controversies in the therapeutic implications of breast cancer stem cells in different subtypes of breast cancer.
In-packet Bloom filters: Design and networking applications (2009)

The Bloom filter (BF) is a well-known space-efficient data structure that answers set membership queries with some probability of false positives. In an attempt to solve many of the limitations of current inter-networking architectures, some recent proposals rely on including small BFs in packet headers for routing, security, accountability or other purposes that move application states into the packets themselves. In this paper, we consider the design of such in-packet Bloom filters (iBF). Our main contributions are exploring the design space and the evaluation of a series of extensions (1) to increase the practicality and performance of iBFs, (2) to enable false-negative-free element deletion, and (3) to provide security enhancements. In addition to the theoretical estimates, extensive simulations of the multiple design parameters and implementation alternatives validate the usefulness of the extensions, providing for enhanced and novel iBF networking applications.
Color Based Grayscale-Fused Image Enhancement Algorithm for Video Surveillance (2005)

Multiple sensors image fusion is increasingly being employed in video surveillance. This paper presents a color based grayscale-fused image enhancement algorithm. The main advantage of this algorithm is to stand out the meaningful information of a certain sensor in the selected band of the color space, while maintaining the high resolution of the grayscale-fused image. Moreover, a performance evaluation method based on analyzing the average gradients of the color-fused image is presented and experiments are performed using images under complex environment. The results show that the addition of color to grayscale-fused image can significantly increase observer's sensitivity and the accuracy of further classification and recognition.
Opposite diastereoselective activation of P2Y<sub>1</sub> and P2Y<sub>11</sub> nucleotide receptors by adenosine 5′‐O‐(<i>α</i>‐boranotriphosphate) analogues (2006)

The distinctly opposite diastereoselective activity of ATP derivatives at the P2Y11 and the P2Y1 receptor will allow the deciphering of structural differences of the ligand recognition sites between these receptor subtypes and may aid in the development of subtype-selective agonists. Moreover, ATP-alpha-B diastereoisomers are not active at the P2Y2 receptor. Thus, they are compounds suitable for distinguishing the functional contribution of the two ATP-activated P2Y receptors, the P2Y2 and P2Y11 receptor, in physiological or pathophysiological responses of cells.
C-reactive protein haplotype is associated with high PSA as a marker of metastatic prostate cancer but not with overall cancer risk (2009)

Growing evidence points to a role for inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. The significance of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory and innate immunity molecule, has not been evaluated thoroughly in prostate cancer (PC). In this study of 739 Finnish patients with PC and 760 healthy men, we evaluated the associations of CRP genotypes and haplotypes with total PC risk and PC progression, using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker of metastatic disease. Although the haplotype frequencies were similar in patients and controls, an association between haplotype ACCCA and patients' PSA levels was found. The carriers more often had a high PSA than non-carriers (P=0.0002) and the SNP rs2794521 A-allele and rs1800947 C-allele carriers had a higher PSA than non-carriers (P=0.009 and P=0.0004, respectively). A trend for a younger age at diagnosis was found among the carriers of ACCCA (P=0.07) and the rs1800947 C-allele (P=0.06), as well as a trend for the latter to have more likely metastases (P=0.06), but not after Bonferroni correction (alpha=0.00208). This is the first study to suggest association between PSA and CRP variants in PC and, therefore, further studies are warranted. CRP alleles previously found to protect against increased CRP levels are now suggested to be associated with metastatic PC, indicated by elevated PSA.
Normal and cancer stem cells of the human female reproductive system (2013)

The female reproductive system (FRS) has a great capacity for regeneration. The existence of somatic stem cells (SSC) that are likely to reside in distinct tissue compartments of the FRS is anticipated. Normal SSC are capable of regenerating themselves, produce a progeny of cells that differentiate and maintain tissue architecture and functional characteristics, and respond to homeostatic controls. Among those SSC of the FRS that have been identified are: a) undifferentiated cells capable of differentiating into thecal cells and synthesizing hormones upon transplantation, b) ovarian surface epithelium stem cells, mitotically responsive to ovulation, c) uterine endometrial and myometrial cells, as clonogenic epithelial and stromal cells, and d) epithelial and mesenchymal cells with self-renewal capacity and multipotential from cervical tissues. Importantly, these cells are believed to significantly contribute to the development of different pathologies and tumors of the FRS.It is now widely accepted that cancer stem cells (CSC) are at the origin of many tumors. They are capable of regenerating themselves, produce a progeny that will differentiate aberrantly and do not respond adequately to homeostatic controls. Several cell surface antigens such as CD44, CD117, CD133 and MYD88 have been used to isolate ovarian cancer stem cells. Clonogenic epithelial and stromal endometrial and myometrial cells have been found in normal and cancer tissues, as side population, label-retaining cells, and CD146/PDGF-R beta-positive cells with stem-like features. In summary, here we describe a number of studies supporting the existence of somatic stem cells in the normal tissues and cancer stem cells in tumors of the human female reproductive system.
Leukocytes express connexin 43 after activation with lipopolysaccharide and appear to form gap junctions with endothelial cells after ischemia-reperfusion. (1995)

Levels and subcellular distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, were studied in hamster leukocytes before and after activation with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) both in vitro and in vivo. Untreated leukocytes did not express Cx43. However, Cx43 was clearly detectable by indirect immunofluorescence in cells treated in vitro with LPS (1 micrograms/ml, 3 hr). Cx43 was also detected in leukocytes obtained from the peritoneal cavity 5-7 days after LPS-induced inflammation. In some leukocytes that formed clusters Cx43 immunoreactivity was present at appositional membranes, suggesting formation of homotypic gap junctions. In cell homogenates of activated peritoneal macrophages, Cx43, detected by Western blot analysis, was mostly unphosphorylated. A second in vivo inflammatory condition studied was that induced by ischemia-reperfusion of the hamster cheek pouch. In this system, leukocytes that adhered to venular endothelial cells after 1 hr of ischemia, followed by 1 hr of reperfusion, expressed Cx43. Electron microscope observations revealed small close appositions, putative gap junctions, at leukocyte-endothelial cell and leukocyte-leukocyte contacts. These results indicate that the expression of Cx43 can be induced in leukocytes during an inflammatory response which might allow for heterotypic or homotypic intercellular gap junctional communication. Gap junctions may play a role in leukocyte extravasation.
Proteases—Structures, Mechanism and Inhibitors (1993)

Proteases have been divided into four mechanistic classes: serine proteases, metalloproteases, aspartic proteases, and cysteine proteases. Once a new enzyme is classified by the use of general inhibitors, it is possible to design reactive inhibitors by using mechanistic information learned through study of other members of the same protease family. The most useful types of inhibitors for serine proteases are transition-state inhibitors including alpha-ketoesters and phosphonates, and mechanism-based inhibitors such as heterocyclic isocoumarin inhibitors. Some of these inhibitors are quite specific toward individual target serine proteases. Many proteases are involved in various disease states, and potent inhibitors of these enzymes have the potential to be developed as new therapeutic agents. In the future, it is likely than numberous specific protease inhibitors will be tested clinically for the treatment of human disease.