gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coriolis - the almost perfect flow meter (2003)

Coriolis mass flowmeters are widely used within Procter and Gamble to measure the flow rates of our process liquid streams. In many ways Coriolis is a near-perfect technology. It offers true-mass flow measurement, high accuracy, wide rangeability, and high reliability. As with any sophisticated technology, knowledge of the advantages and limitations of Coriolis meters is important to the successful application of the technology. (8 pages)
Neuroretinal function during mild systemic hypoxia. (2002)

Our results show that mild systemic hypoxia alters the fERG b-wave and OPs but not the a-wave. This suggests that the outer retina in humans is more resistant to a mild systemic hypoxic stress than the inner retinal layers.
An Organocatalytic [3+2] Cyclisation Strategy for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirooxindoles (2010)

Power of P: Phosphine-promoted [3+2] annulation reactions between electron-poor allenes and 3-arylidene indolin-2-ones afford a new organocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of the spirocyclic core of oxindolic cyclopentanes (see scheme). Asymmetric variants of these reactions have been implemented by using chiral catalysts, giving very high levels of asymmetric induction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effects of Low Temperature Plasmas on Cancer Cells (2013)

Biologically tolerant plasmas (BTPs) are plasmas with gas temperatures less than 40 °C that are generated near atmospheric pressures and in non‐toxic gases such as air or helium. BTPs have recently garnered great interest as a therapeutic for cancer. Here, we review and discuss conventional cancer treatments, some of the plasma devices that are currently used and the influence of BTPs on cancer cells such as melanomas, carcinomas, and leukemia. The active agents of BTPs have been investigated and reveal the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O, O 2 − , O 3 , and OH as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as NO and NO 2 . ROS and RNS exhibit oxidative properties and trigger signaling pathways in biological cells. In cancer cells, different doses and plasma induce signaling pathways including apoptosis.
Incidence Trends of Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix in 13 European Countries (2005)

Rapid increases in cervical adenocarcinoma incidence have been observed in Western countries in recent decades. Postulated explanations include an increasing specificity of subtype-the capability to diagnose the disease, an inability of cytologic screening to reduce adenocarcinoma, and heterogeneity in cofactors related to persistent human papillomavirus infection. This study examines the possible contribution of these factors in relation with trends observed in Europe. Age-period-cohort models were fitted to cervical adenocarcinoma incidence trends in women ages <75 in 13 European countries. Age-adjusted adenocarcinoma incidence rates increased throughout Europe, the rate of increase ranging from around 0.5% per annum in Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland to >/=3% in Finland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The increases first affected generations born in the early 1930s through the mid-1940s, with risk invariably higher in women born in the mid-1960s relative to those born 20 years earlier. The magnitude of this risk ratio varied considerably from around 7 in Slovenia to almost unity in France. Declines in period-specific risk were observed in United Kingdom, Denmark, and Sweden, primarily among women ages >30. Whereas increasing specificity of subtype with time may be responsible for some of the increases in several countries, the changing distribution and prevalence of persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus types, alongside an inability to detect cervical adenocarcinoma within screening programs, would accord with the temporal profile observed in Europe. The homogeneity of trends in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in birth cohort is consistent with the notion that they share a similar etiology irrespective of the differential capability of screen detection. Screening may have had at least some impact in reducing cervical adenocarcinoma incidence in several countries during the 1990s.
Organic-Inorganic Interactions and Sandstone Diagenesis (1989)

The maturation of organic material in hydrocarbon source rocks and inorganic diagenetic reactions in reservoir sandstones are a natural consequence when a prism of sedimentary rocks is buried. We can predict the distribution of porosity and permeability enhancement in potential hydrocarbon reservoirs by integrating the reaction processes characterizing the progressive diagenesis of a reservoir/source rock system. A variety of observations suggests that the organic solvents needed to increase aluminosilicate and carbonate solubilities in sandstones can be generated either by thermal or oxidative cracking of carbonylic or phenolic groups from kerogen in adjacent source rocks. For example, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of kerogen show that peripheral carbonylic and phenolic groups are released from the kerogen molecule before liquid hydrocarbons are generated. Experimental data indicate these water-soluble organic species can significantly affect the stability of both carbonates and aluminosilicates. Water-soluble organic acid anions (carboxylic) have been observed in oil-field waters in concentrations up to 10,000 ppm, and they commonly dominate the alkalinity in the fluid phase from 80° to 120°C. We can model the integration of organic and inorganic diagenetic reactions by constructing a series of potential reaction pathways with increasing temperature for a system that includes aluminosilicates, carbonates, organic chelate species (carboxylic and phenolic), and CO2. The important chemical divides in these diagenetic flow diagrams are dependent on temperature, the nature of the pH buffer (carbonate species or organic acid anion species), and the relationship between organic acid anions and PCO2 (P = partial pressure). Forward predictive capabilities result when this general diagenetic model is placed in a time-temperature framework. The detailed organic and inorganic geochemistry and the general thermal scenario used in the time-temperature ana ysis must be basin specific. Casting the diagenetic history of a sandstone into this type of process-oriented model helps us move from a descriptive mode to a predictive mode of analysis. Two types of information result: (1) general optimum conditions for porosity and permeability enhancement in sandstones are delineated and (2) specifically, the degree and potential for porosity and permeability enhancement are determined. Predictive models have been developed for several tectonic settings, including rift or pull-apart basins and intermontane or Laramide basins. From these reconstructions, we can forward-predict the porosity-enhancing potential of a diagenetic system based on an understanding of the reaction process in a time-temperature framework.
Quantum imaging, quantum lithography and the uncertainty principle (2002)

One of the most surprising consequences of quantum mechanics is the entanglement of two or more distance particles. The 'ghost' image experiment demonstrated the astonishing nonlocal behavior of an entangled photon pair. Even though we still have questions in regard to fundamental issues of the entangled quantum systems, quantum entanglement has started to play important roles in practical applications. Quantum lithography is one of the hot topics. We have demonstrated a quantum lithography experiment recently. The experimental results have beaten the classical diffraction limit by a factor of two. This is a quantum mechanical two-photon phenomenon but not a violation of the uncertainty principle.
NEUTROPHIL HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION CORRELATE WITH INCREASED APOPTOSIS FOLLOWING TRANSMIGRATION THROUGH THE ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER (1999)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) undergo endothelial transmigration upon activation or in response to a chemoattractant. Such cells are stressed and have an increased capacity to incite tissue injury. Little is known about the effect of transmigration on PMN stress gene responses, PMN activation, and ultimately programmed cell death (apoptosis). Human endothelial cells (ECV-304) were plated onto transwell membranes to form an endothelial monolayer and PMN transendothelial migration through this endothelial barrier was examined. Chemotaxis was induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Flow cytometry was used to determine PMN receptor expression (CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD18, CD54), phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Heat shock protein (Hsp) expression was evaluated by Western blotting. fMLP-induced PMN transendothelial migration resulted in increased adhesion receptor expression and phagocytosis. Migrated PMN also had an increased rate of apoptosis as evaluated by uptake of propidium iodide and decreased FcgammaR III (CD16) expression. Increased PMN apoptosis coincided with induction of Hsp72 following transmigration. Thus, naive PMN that migrate through endothelium in response to a chemoattractant undergo activation as represented by increased phagocytosis and expression of adhesion receptors.
Important Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antiepileptic Drugs (1995)

The choice of an antiepileptic drug (AED) is guided primarily by efficacy and safety criteria. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of an AED determine its ease of use, i.e., its ability to predictably produce and maintain optimal plasma concentrations. Desirable and clinically important pharmacokinetic properties of an AED include complete or constant bioavailability, slow enteral absorption or availability of a sustained-release formulation, availability of a parenteral formulation for acute treatment, rapid penetration into the brain, a single-compartment volume of distribution, low and nonsaturable protein binding, and linear elimination kinetics, with an elimination half-life of about 24 h. The absence of autoinduction of enzymatic biotransformation, active metabolites, and pharmacokinetic drug interactions is also important. In clinical practice, the most undesirable pharmacokinetic properties are lack of a parenteral formulation, short elimination half-life, nonlinear elimination kinetics, autoinduction of enzymatic biotransformation, and interaction with other drugs. No AED is presently marketed or under development that meets all of the desirable criteria. Some of the newer AEDs, although not "ideal" agents, have pharmacokinetic profiles that are not shared by their predecessors, including elimination exclusively by the kidney, absence of drug interactions, and dose-related bioavailability.
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier formation (2014)

Canonical WNT signaling is required for proper vascularization of the CNS during embryonic development. Here, we used mice with targeted mutations in genes encoding canonical WNT pathway members to evaluate the exact contribution of these components in CNS vascular development and in specification of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retina barrier (BRB). We determined that vasculature in various CNS regions is differentially sensitive to perturbations in canonical WNT signaling. The closely related WNT signaling coreceptors LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and LRP6 had redundant functions in brain vascular development and barrier maintenance; however, loss of LRP5 alone dramatically altered development of the retinal vasculature. The BBB in the cerebellum and pons/interpeduncular nuclei was highly sensitive to decrements in canonical WNT signaling, and WNT signaling was required to maintain plasticity of barrier properties in mature CNS vasculature. Brain and retinal vascular defects resulting from ablation of Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling were ameliorated by stabilizing β-catenin, while inhibition of β-catenin-dependent transcription recapitulated the vascular development and barrier defects associated with loss of receptor, coreceptor, or ligand, indicating that Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling acts predominantly through β-catenin-dependent transcriptional regulation. Together, these data strongly support a model in which identical or nearly identical canonical WNT signaling mechanisms mediate neural tube and retinal vascularization and maintain the BBB and BRB.
Opportunistic Tangible User Interfaces for Augmented Reality (2009)

Opportunistic Controls are a class of user interaction techniques that we have developed for augmented reality (AR) applications to support gesturing on, and receiving feedback from, otherwise unused affordances already present in the domain environment. By leveraging characteristics of these affordances to provide passive haptics that ease gesture input, Opportunistic Controls simplify gesture recognition, and provide tangible feedback to the user. In this approach, 3D widgets are tightly coupled with affordances to provide visual feedback and hints about the functionality of the control. For example, a set of buttons can be mapped to existing tactile features on domain objects. We describe examples of Opportunistic Controls that we have designed and implemented using optical marker tracking, combined with appearance-based gesture recognition. We present the results of two user studies. In the first, participants performed a simulated maintenance inspection of an aircraft engine using a set of virtual buttons implemented both as Opportunistic Controls and using simpler passive haptics. Opportunistic Controls allowed participants to complete their tasks significantly faster and were preferred over the baseline technique. In the second, participants proposed and demonstrated user interfaces incorporating Opportunistic Controls for two domains, allowing us to gain additional insights into how user interfaces featuring Opportunistic Controls might be designed.
Molecular Cloning, Expression, Chromosomal Assignment, and Tissue-specific Expression of a Murine α-(1,3)-Fucosyltransferase Locus Corresponding to the Human ELAM-1 Ligand Fucosyl Transferase (1995)

Terminal Fuc alpha 1-3GlcNAc moieties are displayed by mammalian cell surface glycoconjugates in a tissue-specific manner. These oligosaccharides participate in selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion and have been implicated in adhesive events during murine embryogenesis. Other functions for these molecules remain to be defined, as do the tissue-specific expression patterns of the corresponding alpha-(1-3)-fucosyltransferase (alpha 1-3FT) genes. This report characterizes a murine alpha 1-3FT that shares 77% amino acid sequence identity with human ELAM ligand fucosyltransferase (ELFT, also termed Fuc-TIV). The corresponding gene maps to mouse chromosome 9 in a region of homology with the Fuc-TIV locus on human chromosome 11q. In vitro, the murine alpha 1-3FT can efficiently fucosylate the trisaccharide Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc (apparent Km of 0.71 mM) to form an unusual tetrasaccharide (Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc) described in periimplantation mouse tissues. The enzyme can also form the Lewis x determinant from Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc (Km = 2.05 mM), and the sialyl Lewis x determinant from NeuNAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc (Km = 1.78mM). However, it does not yield sialyl Lewis x determinants when expressed in a mammalian cell line that maintains sialyl Lewis x precursors. Transcripts from this gene accumulate to low levels in hematopoietic organs, but are unexpectedly abundant in epithelia that line the stomach, small intestine, colon, and epididymus. Epithelial cell-specific expression of this gene suggests function(s) in addition to, and distinct from, its proposed role in selectin ligand synthesis.
Vibro-acoustic analysis of composite circular disc with various orthotropic properties under thermal environment (2008)

Composite circular discs with polar orthotropic and rectangular orthotropic fibres of different composite materials are modelled and their vibration response due to harmonic point load under thermal environment was computed by Finite Element Method (FEM) using ANSYS. Acoustic response of composite circular disc was computed by coupling the vibration data from FEM to the Boundary Element Method (BEM) using LMS SYSNOISE.
Four Ways to Fit an Ion Channel Model (2019)

Mathematical models of ionic currents are used to study the electrophysiology of the heart, brain, gut, and several other organs. Increasingly, these models are being used predictively in the clinic, for example, to predict the risks and results of genetic mutations, pharmacological treatments, or surgical procedures. These safety-critical applications depend on accurate characterization of the underlying ionic currents. Four different methods can be found in the literature to fit voltage-sensitive ion channel models to whole-cell current measurements: method 1, fitting model equations directly to time-constant, steady-state, and I-V summary curves; method 2, fitting by comparing simulated versions of these summary curves to their experimental counterparts; method 3, fitting to the current traces themselves from a range of protocols; and method 4, fitting to a single current trace from a short and rapidly fluctuating voltage-clamp protocol. We compare these methods using a set of experiments in which hERG1a current was measured in nine Chinese hamster ovary cells. In each cell, the same sequence of fitting protocols was applied, as well as an independent validation protocol. We show that methods 3 and 4 provide the best predictions on the independent validation set and that short, rapidly fluctuating protocols like that used in method 4 can replace much longer conventional protocols without loss of predictive ability. Although data for method 2 are most readily available from the literature, we find it performs poorly compared to methods 3 and 4 both in accuracy of predictions and computational efficiency. Our results demonstrate how novel experimental and computational approaches can improve the quality of model predictions in safety-critical applications.
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of the role of CuO additives in altering phase transition behavior of ammonium nitrate (1982)

The role of CuO in reducing the volume change and altering the transition temperature of structural phase transitions in ammonium nitrate is studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). At room temperature, two distinct EPR spectra, indicative of two chemical forms of copper were observed in ammonium nitrate heated from the melt containing 5% by weight of CuO and through which NH3 gas was bubbled. One spectrum having an orthorhombic g tensor with principle components g1 = 2.185, g2 = 2.109, and g3 = 2.055 is assigned to the Cu(NH3)2+4 complex. The other spectrum, also having orthorhombic symmetry, with g1 = 2.315, and g2 = 2.264, is tentatively assigned to a Cu2+ ion either interstitial or substitutional in the lattice. The g values of this spectrum were quite sensitive to temperature and change substantially during the structural phase transition at 60 °C. Heating ammonium nitrate to 160 °C for an hour changed the tetramine copper complex into a new spectrum which is identified as the diamine complex of copper. At room temperature this spectrum slowly returned to the tetramine complex. The role of these forms of copper in reducing the volume change associated with the above room-temperature phase transition is discussed.
[Variability of enzyme systems in the coenopopulation of Taraxacum officinale s.l. from the zone of East-Ural- radioactive trace]. (2005)

Levels of soil contamination with 90Sr and 137Cs radionuclides on the plots within the zone of Eastern-Ural radioactive trace exceed values of the global level 4-240 times. We have carried out allozyme analysis of apomict species Taraxacum officinale s.l. from this zone. Zimogrammes were interpreted as allozyme phenotypes. In condition of chronic irradiation the plants had increased phenogenetic variability of majority enzymes systems and high frequency of rare morphs. Thus, in plant coenopopoulations situated in radioactive-polluted zone, genomic recombination processes show higher intensity. High enzymatic variability provides the material for natural selection and increase the adaptive potential of coenopopulations.
The Occurrence of iε-N-Methyl Lysine in Histones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Occurrence of iε-N-Methyl Lysine in HistonesK. MurrayCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 1, 10–15Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00889a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00889a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views987Altmetric-Citations400LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
α-Bromoacryloyl derivative of distamycin A (PNU 151807): a new non-covalent minor groove DNA binder with antineoplastic activity (1999)

PNU 151807 is a new synthetic alpha-bromoacryloyl derivative of distamycin A. In the present study we investigated the DNA interaction and the mechanism of action of this compound in parallel with the distamycin alkylating derivative, tallimustine. PNU 151807 possesses a good cytotoxic activity in in vitro growing cancer cells, even superior to that found for tallimustine. By footprinting experiments we found that PNU 151807 and tallimustine interact non-covalently with the same AT-rich DNA regions. However, differently from tallimustine, PNU 151807 failed to produce any DNA alkylation as assessed by Taq stop assay and N3 or N7-adenine alkylation assay in different DNA sequences. PNU 151807, like tallimustine, is able to induce an activation of p53, and consequently of p21 and BAX in a human ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) expressing wild-type p53. However, disruption of p53 function by HPV16-E6 does not significantly modify the cytotoxic activity of the compound. Flow cytometric analysis of cells treated with equitoxic concentrations of PNU 151807 and tallimustine showed a similar induction of accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle but with a different time course. When tested against recombinant proteins, only the compound PNU 151807 (and not tallimustine or distamycin A) is able to abolish the in vitro kinase activity of CDK2-cyclin A, CDK2-cyclin E and cdc2-cyclin B complexes. The results obtained showed that PNU 151807 seems to have a mechanism of action completely different from that of its parent compound tallimustine, possibly involving the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases activity, and clearly indicate PNU 151807 as a new non-covalent minor groove binder with cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.