gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the Case-Based Ranking Methodology for Test Case Prioritization (2006)

The test case execution order affects the time at which the objectives of testing are met. If the objective is fault detection, an inappropriate execution order might reveal most faults late, thus delaying the bug fixing activity and eventually the delivery of the software. Prioritizing the test cases so as to optimize the achievement of the testing goal has potentially a positive impact on the testing costs, especially when the test execution time is long. Test engineers often possess relevant knowledge about the relative priority of the test cases. However, this knowledge can be hardly expressed in the form of a global ranking or scoring. In this paper, we propose a test case prioritization technique that takes advantage of user knowledge through a machine learning algorithm, case-based ranking (CBR). CBR elicits just relative priority information from the user, in the form of pairwise test case comparisons. User input is integrated with multiple prioritization indexes, in an iterative process that successively refines the test case ordering. Preliminary results on a case study indicate that CBR overcomes previous approaches and, for moderate suite size, gets very close to the optimal solution
Antenna pattern synthesis using weighted least squares (1992)

A general method of antenna pattern synthesis using weighted least squares is presented. The special case of linear equal spaced arrays is analysed, and three design examples are given. This design technique is compared with Woodward synthesis and with the method of Orchard, Elliott and Stern. An example using unequal spacing is also presented. The method can also be used on nonlinear arrays, for arrays with different element patterns on each element, and for near-field pattern synthesis.
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers for Robotic Nondestructive Inspection in Harsh Environments (2018)

Elevated temperature, gamma radiation, and geometric constraints inside dry storage casks for spent nuclear fuel represent a harsh environment for nondestructive inspection of the cask and require that the inspection be conducted with a robotic system. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) using non-contact ultrasonic transduction based on the Lorentz force to excite/receive ultrasonic waves are suited for use in the robotic inspection. Periodic permanent magnet EMATs that actuate/receive shear horizontal guided waves are developed for application to robotic nondestructive inspection of stress corrosion cracks in the heat affected zone of welds in stainless steel dry storage canisters. The EMAT's components are carefully selected in consideration of the inspection environment, and tested under elevated temperature and gamma radiation doses up to 177 °C and 5920 krad, respectively, to evaluate the performance of the EMATs under realistic environmental conditions. The effect of gamma radiation is minimal, but the EMAT's performance is affected by temperatures above 121 °C due to the low Curie temperature of the magnets. Different magnets are needed to operate at 177 °C. The EMAT's capability to detect notches is also evaluated from B-scan measurements on 304 stainless steel welded plate containing surface-breaking notches.
Isolation and characterization of leukotriene C4 synthetase of rat basophilic leukemia cells. (1985)

When leukotriene (LT) A4 was incubated with subcellular fractions of sonicated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells in the presence of glutathione, the enzyme producing LTC4, designated LTC4 synthetase, was found in the 105,000 X g pellet (microsomes) with a 3-fold enrichment in specific activity over that of the sonicate. The identification of the reaction product as LTC4 was confirmed by its identical retention time on reverse-phase HPLC to that of synthetic LTC4, the incorporation of [3H]glutathione into the product, its reactivity in a radioimmunoassay, and its UV absorption spectrum. In contrast, glutathione S-transferase activity, measured spectrophotometrically with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, was detected predominantly in the 105,000 X g supernatant (89%) and also in the microsomes (7%). The microsomal glutathione S-transferase and LTC4 synthetase were solubilized with 0.4% Triton X-102 and separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography; the former appeared in the effluent and the latter in the eluate after the addition of 0.16 M NaCl to the equilibration buffer. Solubilized, microsomal glutathione S-transferase was inhibited by S-hexylglutathione with an IC50 of 36 microM and was stable at 40 degrees C for 5 min, whereas LTC4 synthetase was only slightly inhibited (IC50, 2.3 mM) by S-hexylglutathione and retained no activity after incubation at 40 degrees C for 5 min. The partially purified LTC4 synthetase showed a specific activity of 1.34 +/- 0.51 nmol of LTC4 per 10 min per mg of protein (mean +/- SD, n = 9), representing a 10-fold purification from the sonicate and catalyzed the dose- and time-dependent production of LTC4 from LTA4 and glutathione. The apparent Km values for LTA4 and glutathione were estimated by Lineweaver-Burk plots to be 5-10 microM and 3-6 mM, respectively. These results indicate that the conjugation of LTA4 with glutathione to form LTC4 is catalyzed by a unique microsomal enzyme.
GaAs LEDs with n-i-p-i active layers fabricated by selective contact diffusion (1988)

Devices were fabricated in MBE (molecular-beam epitaxy)-grown wafers with a ten period doping superlattice consisting of 300-AA layers with n=p=3*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/, using sequential patterned sulfur and zinc diffusions. The typical contact spacing was 5 mu m, and the devices were generally 400 mu m long. Excellent I-V characteristics were achieved with reverse breakdown voltages in excess of 9.5 V, indicating that the selective contacts were nearly optimum. CW outputs of 500 mu W at 50-mA drive current have been observed from the surface of the devices at room temperature. Measurements of the current-voltage characteristics and electroluminescence spectra have been performed from 3 to 300 K. The LED output spectrum tuned at a rate of about 700 meV/V of applied bias at 120 K. Good correlation was observed between the forward characteristics of the diodes and the tuning of the electroluminescence. The tunneling component of the diode current has been identified and remains significant to temperatures of approximately=140 K. As the tunneling component is reduced, the tunable luminescence is quenched due to the competition from thermally injected carriers recombining across the bandgap.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The electronic states of Ne2+, Ar2+, Kr2+, and Xe2+. II. Absorption cross sections for the 1(1/2)<i>u</i>→1(3/2)<i>g</i>, 1(1/2)<i>g</i>, 2(1/2)<i>g</i> transitions (1980)

The lowest three dipole-allowed absorption bands in Ne2+, Ar2+, Kr2+, and Xe2+ are investigated using ab initio configuration interaction wave functions. Potential curves (reported in paper I) and transition moments (reported here) are obtained for Ar2+, Kr2+, and Xe2+ using the POL CI method. By shifting the Re of the 1(1/2)u state, the theoretical absorption profiles are normalized to the absolute cross sections of Lee and Smith and also Vanderhoff for the 1(1/2)u→2(1/2)g transition at (350.7 and 356.9) nm and 413.1 nm. The resulting absorption profiles are not only in good agreement with the remaining data of Lee and Smith, Vanderhoff, and Hunter for 1(1/2)u→2(1/2)g, but are also in good agreement with the experimental data of Lee et al. on the 1(1/2)u→1(1/2)g transition. The absorption profiles for Ne2+ are based on the ab initio potential curves and transition moments of Cohen and Schneider. The agreement with the few available cross sections of Lee and Smith is excellent. Comparison with the other theoretical calculations of the transition moments reveals the important effects of configuration interaction not included by Stevens et al. and the inaccuracies of the R/2 approximation employed by Michels. Finally, comparison with temperature dependent studies of Lee and Smith indicates much faster equilibration between the translational and vibrational degrees of freedom in Ne2+ than Ar2+.
Measurement of the salt-dependent stabilization of partially open DNA by Escherichia coli SSB protein (2007)

The rezipping force of two complementary DNA strands under tension has been measured in the presence of Escherichia coli single-stranded-binding proteins under salt conditions ranging from 10- to 400 mM NaCl. The effectiveness of the binding protein in preventing rezipping is strongly dependent on salt concentration and compared with the salt dependence in the absence of the protein. At concentrations less than 50 mM NaCl, the protein prevents complete rezipping of lambda-phage on the 2-s timescale of the experiment, when the ssDNA is under tensions as low as 3.5 +/- 1 pN. For salt concentrations greater than 200 mM NaCl, the protein inhibits rezipping but cannot block rezipping when the tension is reduced below 6 +/- 1.8 pN. This change in effectiveness as a function of salt concentration may correspond to salt-dependent changes in binding modes that were previously observed in bulk assays.
Global color constancy: recognition of objects by use of illumination-invariant properties of color distributions (1994)

Color pixel distributions provide a useful cue for object recognition but are dependent on scene illumination. We develop an algorithm that assigns color descriptors to an object that depend on the surface properties of the object and not on the illumination. An object is defined by a set of possibly textured surfaces and gives rise to a color pixel distribution. For a trichromatic system, the algorithm assumes a three-dimensional linear model for surface spectral reflectance. There are no assumptions about the contents of the scene and only weak constraints on the illumination. The global color invariants can be computed in an amount of time that is proportional to the number of pixels that define an object. A set of experiments on complex scenes under various illuminants demonstrates that the global color constancy algorithm performs significantly better than previous recognition algorithms based on color distribution.
LPE growth of double layer structures from molybdate and lead borate fluxes (1979)

Composite structures consisting of YIG and (YSmLuCa)3(FeGe)5O12 layers were prepared from two different fluxes. YIG was grown from a lithium and yttrium molybdate flux. (YSmLuCa)3(FeGe)5O12 which supports 2.5 μm bubbles was grown from conventional lead borate flux. The very slow growth rates obtainable from molybdate flux makes it ideal for the deposition of submicron thick YIG layers. YIG grown from this flux was found to contain lithium. The lithium content appears to correlate with the observed magnetic and electrical properties. A technique for measuring submicron thick YIG films is described. The effects of YIG on hard bubble suppression in (YSmLuCa)3(FeGe)5O12 is reported.
The Use of the Expansion of Gases in a Centrifugal Field as Cooling Process (1947)

The design of a vortex tube of good efficiency in which the expansion of a gas in a centrifugal field produces cold is described. The important variables in construction and operation are discussed and data for several tubes under various operating conditions are given. Low pressure gas, 2 to 11 atmospheres, enters the tube and two streams of air, one hot and the other cold, emerge at nearly atmospheric pressure. The cold stream may be as much as 68°C below inlet temperatures. Efficiencies and applications are discussed.
Preparation and characterization of a new series of Cr(II) hydroborates (1995)

The synthesis and characterization of a new series of mono-, di-, and trinuclear Cr(II) borohydride compounds is described. The reaction of CrCl 2 (TMEDA) with two equivalents of NaBH 4 afforded the thermally unstable (TMEDA)Cr(BH 4 ) 2 (1), which was converted by treatment with pyridine into the octahedral monomeric (Py) 4 Cr(BH 4 ) 2 (2). The reaction proceeds via formation of an intermediate trinuclear complex {[(TMEDA)(Py)Cr(η 2 -BH 4 )] 2 [(Py) 2 Cr(η 2 -BH 4 ) 2 ]}(µ,η 1 -BH 4 ) 2 (3), which was isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Reaction of 1 and 2 with both CO 2 and RN=C=NR (R = Cy, iPr) afforded hydride insertion and formation of the corresponding diamagnetic lantern-type Cr(II) formate (HCO 2 ) 4 Cr 2 Py 2 (4) and formamidinate compounds [RNC(H)NR] 2 Cr 2 (µ-BH) 4 (R = Cy (5a), iPr (5b)), respectively, with supershort Cr—Cr quadruple bonds. The structures of 1, 2, 3, and 5b were elucidated by X-ray analysis. Crystal data are as follows. 1: C 6 H 24 N 2 B 2 Cr, monoclinic, Cc, a = 8.517(2) Å, b = 15.921(5) Å, c = 9.624(2) Å, β = 115.59(1)°, Z = 4, R = 0.022, R w = 0.029; 2: C 28 H 44 N 4 B 2 O 2 Cr, monoclinic, P2 1 /n, a = 12.021(1) Å, b = 15.555(1) Å, c = 15.723(1) Å, β = 90.13(2)°, Z = 4, R = 0.074, R w = 0.086; 3: C 32 H 76 N 8 B 6 Cr 3 , monoclinic, P2 1 /n, a = 8.515(1) Å, b = 14.525(1) Å, c = 18.286(2) Å, β = 91.38(1)°, Z = 2, R = 0.051, R w = 0.060; 5b: C 21 H 49 N 6 BCr 2 , monoclinic, C2/c, a = 17.000(1) Å, b = 9.033(1) Å, c = 19.160(1) Å, β = 105.579(9)°, Z = 4, R = 0.069, R w = 0.078. Keywords: divalent chromium, borohydride, Cr—Cr quadruple bond.
Theoretical aspects and practical applications of Moire topography (1979)

When a surface is observed at a distance through a parallel line grating which is illuminated by a source of light laterally displaced to the viewing axis, the grating is superimposed on its shadow and this gives rise to a moiré fringe pattern. The fringes represent cross-sections of the surface parallel to the grating plane. The principle of the formation of the contour map has been studied assuming a grating represented by a Fourier series, a source of light represented by a 3D intensity distribution and a viewing aperture of finite dimensions. The experimental system used for illumination and observation of the moiré fringes consists of an equispaced parallel-lined glass grating and two small light sources positioned symmetrically about the imaging device. The arrangement constitutes a 3D imaging system with an accuracy of the order of 1 mm. The technique has been applied in radiotherapy problems such as the design of contour compensators and the measurement of body contours. Moiré patterns have been analysed with the aid of a PDP-8 computer, and have been used to calculate surface areas and volumes such as in breast studies and superficial tumour measurements.
BLR-D (2012)

In this paper, we address a pattern of diagnosis problems in which each of J entities produces the same K features, yet we are only informed of overall faults from the ensemble. Furthermore, we suspect that only certain entities and certain features are leading to the problem. The task, then, is to reliably identify which entities and which features are at fault. Such problems are particularly prevalent in the world of computer systems, in which a datacenter with hundreds of machines, each with the same performance counters, occasionally produces overall faults. In this paper, we present a means of using a constrained form of bilinear logistic regression for diagnosis in such problems. The bilinear treatment allows us to represent the scenarios with J+K instead of JK parameters, resulting in more easily interpretable results and far fewer false positives compared to treating the parameters independently. We develop statistical tests to determine which features and entities, if any, may be responsible for the labeled faults, and use false discovery rate (FDR) analysis to ensure that our values are meaningful. We show results in comparison to ordinary logistic regression (with L1 regularization) on two scenarios: a synthetic dataset based on a model of faults in a datacenter, and a real problem of finding problematic processes/features based on user-reported hangs.
The Influence of Anatomical Boundaries, Age, and Sex on the Assessment of Abdominal Visceral Fat (1997)

Single-slice abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning has been used extensively for the measurement of abdominal visceral fat (AVF). Optimal anatomical scan location and pixel density ranges have been proposed and are specifically reported to allow for the replication and standardization of AVF measurements. Standardization of the anatomical boundaries for CT measurement of AVF and the influence of age and gender on results obtained with different boundary locations have received much less attention. To determine the influence of three boundary analysis methods (AVF-1, AVF-2, and AVF-3) on the measurement of AVF by CT, 54 older (60 years to 79 years) and 37 younger (20 years to 29 years) healthy men and women were examined. The measurement boundary for AVF-1 was the internal most aspect of the abdominal and oblique muscle walls, and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. AVF-2 used fat measurements enclosed in a boundary formed by the midpoint of the abdominal and oblique muscle walls, and the most posterior aspect of the spinous process. AVF-3 used fat measurements enclosed in a boundary formed by the external border of the abdominal and oblique muscle walls, and the external border of the erector spinae. Greater AVF measures were obtained with AVF-2 and AVF-3 compared with AVF-1 (p < 0.0001). These differences were greater in older compared with younger subjects (p < 0.0001) and greater in women compared with men (p < 0.02). The significantly greater AVF measurements obtained with AVF-2 and AVF-3 resulted from the inclusion of larger amounts of fat that are not drained by the portal circulation. This included retroperitoneal, intermuscular, and intramuscular lipid droplets, which increase with aging. On the basis of these results, we recommend the AVF-1 anatomical boundaries for the measurement of AVF in clinical investigations, particularly with older subjects. These data demonstrate the importance of precise and reproducible anatomical boundaries for the measurement of AVF, particularly in longitudinal studies.
Dynamic Graph Message Passing Networks (2019)

Modelling long-range dependencies is critical for scene understanding tasks in computer vision. Although CNNs have excelled in many vision tasks, they are still limited in capturing long-range structured relationships as they typically consist of layers of local kernels. A fully-connected graph is beneficial for such modelling, however, its computational overhead is prohibitive. We propose a dynamic graph message passing network, that significantly reduces the computational complexity compared to related works modelling a fully-connected graph. This is achieved by adaptively sampling nodes in the graph, conditioned on the input, for message passing. Based on the sampled nodes, we dynamically predict node-dependent filter weights and the affinity matrix for propagating information between them. Using this model, we show significant improvements with respect to strong, state-of-the-art baselines on three different tasks and backbone architectures. Our approach also outperforms fully-connected graphs while using substantially fewer floating-point operations and parameters. The project website is http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~lz/dgmn/
Low-Power Wearable Systems for Continuous Monitoring of Environment and Health for Chronic Respiratory Disease (2016)

We present our efforts toward enabling a wearable sensor system that allows for the correlation of individual environmental exposures with physiologic and subsequent adverse health responses. This system will permit a better understanding of the impact of increased ozone levels and other pollutants on chronic asthma conditions. We discuss the inefficiency of existing commercial off-the-shelf components to achieve continuous monitoring and our system-level and nano-enabled efforts toward improving the wearability and power consumption. Our system consists of a wristband, a chest patch, and a handheld spirometer. We describe our preliminary efforts to achieve a submilliwatt system ultimately powered by the energy harvested from thermal radiation and motion of the body with the primary contributions being an ultralow-power ozone sensor, an volatile organic compounds sensor, spirometer, and the integration of these and other sensors in a multimodal sensing platform. The measured environmental parameters include ambient ozone concentration, temperature, and relative humidity. Our array of sensors also assesses heart rate via photoplethysmography and electrocardiography, respiratory rate via photoplethysmography, skin impedance, three-axis acceleration, wheezing via a microphone, and expiratory airflow. The sensors on the wristband, chest patch, and spirometer consume 0.83, 0.96, and 0.01 mW, respectively. The data from each sensor are continually streamed to a peripheral data aggregation device and are subsequently transferred to a dedicated server for cloud storage. Future work includes reducing the power consumption of the system-on-chip including radio to reduce the entirety of each described system in the submilliwatt range.
Using Geometric Constraints for Feature Positioning (1996)

This paper describes the development of new feature positioning method which embedded into the top-down assembly modeling system supporting conceptual design. In this work, the user provides the geometric constraints representing the position and size of features, then the system calculates their proper solution. The use of geometric constraints which are easy to understand intuitively enables the user to represent his design intents about geometric shapes, and enables the system to propagate the changes automatically when some editing occurs. To find the proper solution of given constraints, the Selective Solving Method in which the redundant or conflict equations are detected and discarded is devised. The validity of feature shapes satisfying the constraints can be maintained by this technique, and under or over constrained user-defined constraints can also be estimated. The problems such as getting the initial guess, controlling the multiple solutions, and dealing with objects of rotational symmetry are also resolved. Through this work, the feature based modeling system can support more general and convenient modeling method, and keeps the model being valid during modifying models.