gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 2‐dependent activation of tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes <i>in vivo</i> (1991)

We have quantitatively studied the effect of interleukin (IL) 2 on the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to tumor cells in vivo. Mastocytoma P815 was transfected with murine IL 2 cDNA (P815-IL 2) and injected into syngeneic mice. The anti-tumor response was analyzed and compared with the response induced by the non-transfected cells. P815 parental cells are highly tumorigenic, causing death within 20-30 days. In contrast, IL 2-transfected cells were totally rejected. Co-injection of IL 2-secreting and parental cells resulted in the inhibition of growth of both type of tumors. In addition, the response induced by IL 2-secreting cells protected the mice against a subsequent challenge with P815. Long-term memory persisted in treated mice 3 months after tumor rejection. Frequencies of CTL precursors and CTL specific for P815 increased as a result of IL 2 secretion by the target cells. Estimates of CTL frequency at days 8 and 12 after injection were 2 to 3 times higher in mice inoculated with P815-IL 2 cells, and this correlated with tumor rejection.
Colorimetric Standards in U.S. Color Television: A Report by the Subcommittee on System Colorimetry of the SMPTE Television Committee (1974)

The objective of current standards efforts in the U.S. television industry is to improve both the uniformity and quality of color television as viewed on the home receiver. U.S. broadcast colorimetric standards are based on the original NTSC primaries. However, the phosphors used in current television display devices are significantly different from those specified by NTSC. These phosphor differences result in a colorimetric mismatch that may cause significant color distortions in the display. — Receiver manufacturers in the U.S. have adjusted the color demodulation characteristics in their receivers to compensate for these phosphor changes. To resolve this problem in Europe, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) has recently recommended that broadcast standards be changed to require matrixing for modern phosphors in all cameras. An alternative approach is to place a correction matrix in the display device and retain the NTSC primaries. After making a study of how this basic problem affects U.S. television, it appears to be preferable to retain the NTSC standards and to insert a correction matrix in the display device that will compensate for the particular phosphors in use.
Development of low-cost and highly reliable wafer process package (2002)

A wafer level chip-scale-package (WLCSP) is expected to reduce the manufacturing cost of CSPs, but reliability of a solder joint for a large chip size of about 100 mm/sup 2/ without underfill assembly is still in question. To meet this needs, we have developed a highly reliable and low-cost WLCSP named wafer process package phase 2 (WPP-2). The package includes a built-in stress-relaxation layer for reducing the strain of the solder bumps. To lower the manufacturing cost of the package, the stress-relaxation layer is formed by printing. The Young's modulus and the thickness of the stress relaxation layer were optimized by finite element analysis. The package was assumed to have 10/spl times/10 mm chip and 54 Sn-Ag-Cu solder balls of 400-/spl mu/m diameter placed as a grid array with the minimum pitch of 0.8 mm, and be mounted on a FR-4 motherboard. It was found that a thickness of 75-/spl mu/m and a Young's modulus of 1000 MPa are necessary for assuring no failure up to 1000 cycles under temperature cycling between -55 and 125/spl deg/C. Accordingly, a resin with a Young's modulus of about 1200 MPa at -55/spl deg/C was developed for the stress relaxation layer. High reliability of the simulated WPP-2 structure was confirmed by simplified test samples made of the developed resin. Fully processed WPP-2 samples were fabricated on an 8-inch wafer. The lifetime of the solder joints mounted on the FR-4 motherboard was evaluated by the temperature cycling test. The contact resistance of none of 50 samples increased by more than 20% even after 1400 cycles, and their lifetime to 50% failure was more than 3000 cycles.
An integrated low power microwave VCO with sub-picosecond phase jitter (2002)

This paper describes the theoretical design of very low phase noise integrated microwave bipolar junction transistor Voltage Controlled Oscillators. Experimental results and large signal time domain noise simulation techniques for performance verification are described.
Aqueous Iodine Equilibria in Mammalian Iodination Reactions (2007)

Regulatory activity has been demonstrated in two classes of iodinated organic species: thyroid hormones (T(3) and T(4)) and iodinated lipids (ILs), e.g. 6-iodo-5-hydroxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid. The formation of iodinated biomolecules requires iodide oxidation. In mammals iodide oxidation is one of several peroxidase-mediated reactions that serve to reduce hydrogen peroxide. I(2) is one of several reaction products formed by mammalian peroxidases during iodide oxidation. I(2) forms HOI in an aqueous environment which also has the capacity to iodinate organic species. This manuscript examines the potential relationship between the two classes of known mammalian iodinating species. A model describing iodination pathways for organic species in mammals is advanced. The model predicts the formation of ILs under normal dietary intake of iodine. The model was challenged by characterizing the lipids of hogs maintained on a diet containing normal levels of iodine. Iodinated lipids were found to be present in the fatty acids extracted from the thyroid of these hogs.
Component Selection, Accelerated Testing, and Improved Modeling of AMTEC Systems for Space Power (abstract) (1993)

Alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) designs for space power are numerous, but selection of materials for construction of long-lived AMTEC devices has been limited to electrodes, current collectors, and the solid electrolyte. AMTEC devices with lifetimes greater than 5 years require careful selection and life testing of all hot-side components. The likely selection of a remote condensed design for initial flight test and probable use with a GPHS in AMTEC powered outer planet probes requires the device to be constructed to tolerate T greater than 1150K, as well as exposure to Na(sub (g)), and Na(sub (liq)) on the high pressure side. The temperatures involved make critical high strength and chemical resistance to Na containing Na(sub 2)O. Selection among materials which can be worked should not be driven by ease of fabricability, as high temperature stability is the critical issue. These concepts drive the selection of Mo alloys for Na(sub (liq)) containment in AMTEC cells for T to 1150K operation, as they are significantly stronger than comparable NB or Ta alloys, are less soluble in Na(sub (liq)) containing dissolved Na(sub 2)O, are workable compared to W alloys (which might be used for certain components), and are ductile at the T greater than 500K of proposed AMTEC modules in space applications.
Algorithms for multi-channel DTMF detection for the WE DSP32 family (2003)

The authors describe two DTMF (dual-tone multiple frequency) detection algorithms that are highly efficient in the use of both real time and memory. The first algorithm is based on linear prediction (LP) and can be used to implement up to 32 DTMF detectors on a single 25-MHz NMOS WE DSP32. Using a 50-MHZ WE CMOS DSP32C, up to 45 detectors can be implemented. The second algorithm is based on a slight modification of the Goertzel algorithm and can be used to implement up to 16 DTMF detectors on a single DSP32 and up to 32 detectors on a DSP32C. In each of these implementations no external memory is used. Thus, for DSP32 implementations, the small 40-pin DIP package can be used. While the LP based algorithm is the more efficient of the two, the modified-Goertzel-based detector performs better in the presence of speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Synthesis of Photoacid Generating Systems (2008)

The development of highly efficient onium salt-based photoacid generating systems has provided many new opportunities for the design of novel photocuring and imaging systems. This communication focuses on some of the more recent efforts in designing and synthesizing efficient photoacid generating systems with tailored wavelength response. The use of these photoacid generating systems in a number of applications is described.
The formation, stability, and suitability of n-type junctions in germanium formed by solid phase epitaxial recrystallization (2010)

Design and optimization of n-type doped regions in germanium by solid phase epitaxial recrystallization (SPER) have been studied by the authors. A systematic study is presented of process variables that influence activation and thermal stability, including preamorphization, coimplants, recrystallization temperature, and postrecrystallization thermal treatments. Unlike silicon, activation after recrystallization in germanium is not optimum where the postrecrystallization thermal budget is kept to a minimum. With the aid of modeling, a maximum peak activation of 7×1019 cm−3 was extracted. A steady increase in sheet resistance during postrecrystallization anneals confirms the formation of metastable activation by SPER. It is predicted that active concentrations of 6–8×1019 cm−3 are sufficient to meet targets for sub-20 nm technologies.
A novel compact topology for high-resolution CMOS/BiCMOS spectroscopy amplifiers (2005)

In this work, we present the extensive analysis of a new class of current-mode shaping amplifiers that can be realized in CMOS or BiCMOS technology. They are suitable for high-resolution spectroscopy, as we have demonstrated in previous works. The proposed topology is suitable to design shaping amplifiers with a wide range of time constants (/spl sim/0.1-10 /spl mu/s) in a very compact scheme. In particular, we show the results of two fourth-order shapers characterized by 500- and 167-ns shaping time, respectively, realized in 0.8-/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. The two prototypes were designed in view of the use with Silicon Drift Detectors for X-ray spectroscopy applications. The measured integral nonlinearity is below /spl plusmn/0.1% and the achieved energy resolution at the Mn K/spl alpha/ line (measured with the proposed spectroscopy amplifier with a 5 mm/sup 2/ Peltier-cooled Silicon Drift Detector) is 160 eV full width at half maximum (FWHM) with 500-ns shaping time, comparable to the one obtained with a commercial shaping amplifier with the same time constant.
Broad gene expression throughout the mouse and marmoset brain after intravenous delivery of engineered AAV capsids (2020)

ABSTRACT Genetic intervention is increasingly explored as a therapeutic option for debilitating disorders of the central nervous system. The safety and efficacy of gene therapies relies upon expressing a transgene in affected cells while minimizing off-target expression. To achieve organ/cell-type specific targeting after intravenous delivery of viral vectors, we employed a Cre-transgenic-based screening platform for fast and efficient capsid selection, paired with sequential engineering of multiple surface-exposed loops. We identified capsid variants that are enriched in the brain and detargeted from the liver in mice. The improved enrichment in the brain extends to non-human primates, enabling robust, non-invasive gene delivery to the marmoset brain following IV administration. Importantly, the capsids identified display non-overlapping cell-type tropisms within the brain, with one exhibiting high specificity to neurons. The ability to cross the blood–brain barrier with cell-type specificity in rodents and non-human primates enables new avenues for basic research and potential therapeutic interventions unattainable with naturally occurring serotypes.
Designing and Optimizing a Scalable CORBA Notification Service (2001)

Many distributed applications require a scalable event-driven communication model that decouples suppliers from consumers and simultaneously supports advanced quality of service (QoS) properties and event filtering mechanisms. The CORBA Notification Service provides a publish/subscribe mechanism that is designed to support scalable event-driven communication by routing events efficiently between many suppliers and consumers, enforcing various QoS properties (such as reliability, priority, ordering, and timeliness), and filtering events at multiple points in a distributed system.This paper provides several contributions to research on scalable notification services. First, we present the CORBA Notification Service architecture and illustrate how it addresses limitations with the earlier CORBA Event Service. Second, we explain how we addressed key design challenges faced when implementing the Notification Service in TAO, which is our high-performance, real-time ORB. We discuss the optimizations used to improve the scalability of TAO's Notification Service. Finally, we present empirical results of the performance of our implementation.
Synchronized pulsewidth modulation for different control regimes of AC drives (2003)

Both one-stage and two-stage schemes of feedforward synchronized pulsewidth modulation (PWM), applied to three-phase voltage source inverter with discontinuous voltage space vector modulation with the 30/spl deg/-nonswitching intervals, have been described in the paper. Different control modes of inverter-fed drive systems with synchronized PWM, including standard scalar V/F control, and control regimes with nonlinear control dependencies between the fundamental voltage and fundamental frequency, have been analysed. Simulations give the behaviour of the PWM schemes and algorithms proposed. The output voltage waveforms of the inverter have quarter-wave symmetry during the whole control range including the zone of overmodulation, and its spectra do not contain even harmonics and combined harmonics, which is especially important for power adjustable speed drive systems with low switching frequencies.
Packaging of Microfluidic Devices for Fluid Interconnection Using Thermoplastics (2009)

A new packaging method for microfluidic devices is proposed of polymer over-molding to form a fluidic manifold integrated with the device in a single step. The anticipated advantages of the proposed method of packaging are ease of assembly and low part count, making it suitable for low cost and high volume manufacturing. This paper reports the results of a preliminary investigation into this concept. Glass and silicon inserts of 25 times 20 mm in size, used to represent microfluidic devices, were over-molded in an injection molding process with a range of polymers. The inserts were found to survive the molding process intact. The adhesion between overmold and insert was investigated by subjecting the interface between the overmold and insert surface to a hydrostatic pressure of up to 100 lbf/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (6.9 bar). The durability of the interfacial adhesion to hydrolysis was investigated by immersion in water at 50degC for 24 h before testing. Direct measurements of adhesion strength between polymer and glass were also attempted by tensile tests on lap-jointed samples. The best and most durable adhesion for glass and silicon inserts was found for polyamide (PA) 12, which is a low hygroscopicity PA. The ranking of polymers by their performances in the pressurization tests was consistent with the ranking by the calculated work-of-adhesion values for polymer/glass and polymer/silicon joints.
Scaling up of PCR-based surveillance of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt: indisputable benefits of multiplex PCR assay in Niger (2005)

The absence of reliable laboratories for culture of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the three main causes of bacterial meningitis in Africa, hampers microbiological surveillance in these countries. To compensate for this situation in Niger, a multiplex single-tube PCR method has been implemented at a central level to test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The overall confirmation rate for PCR (N=3791) was 40.8% compared with 16.0% for culture (N=945) (P<10(-6)). Among 850 CSF specimens tested by both methods, the overall confirmation rate was 29.4% for PCR and 16.4% for culture (P<10(-8)). PCR was also efficient for the CSF specimens stored in Trans-isolate medium. In conclusion, PCR assay is currently a key tool in Africa to improve microbiological surveillance of bacterial meningitis.
Big Data Analytics for Cyber Security (2019)

e era of Internet of ings with billions of connected devices has created an ever larger surface for cyber attackers to exploit, which has resulted in the need for fast and accurate detection of those attacks.
Effect of Bacterial and Chemical Retting on Kenaf Fiber Quality (1994)

Decorticated kenaf stalks were retted by bacterial and chemical processes. Bacterial retting was done in troughs at a temperature of 30 ± 2°C. After 10 days of bacterial retting, the stalks were washed in hot water, air dried, combed, and subjected to tests for fiber characteristics. Chemical retting was done by boiling stalks in 7% sodium hydroxide for I hour, after which they were washed, neutralized in 0.2% acetic acid. washed, air dried, and combed. Fiber characteristics such as bundle strength, elongation at break, color, luster, reed length, and gum content were compared for fibers extracted by both processes. Bundle strength, gum content, and reed length were lower for chemically retted fibers as compared with bacterially retted fibers. Gum content of bacterially retted fibers was uniform, and they were superior in luster. Residual gum content of bacterially retted fibers was 21-23% versus 7-12% for chemically retted fibers. Fiber quality from bacterial retting was superior, but a method that combines bacterial and chemical processing may have some merit. The feasibility of large-scale chemical retting and incorporation of fibers into nonwoven and woven textiles is being investigated.
Serodiagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection with the use of glycoprotein 5 antigens. (2010)

Glycoprotein 5 (GP5) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been studied extensively as a target for vaccine development. This study evaluated the serodiagnostic application of PRRSV GP5 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two immunodominant peptides (VR #1 and VR #2) and two neutralizing ectodomain-containing peptides (Ecto #1 and Ecto #2), as well as recombinant GP5 (rGP5) as a control, were prepared. Serum from unvaccinated pigs was screened for the antibodies that bind to these peptide and protein antigens. The results were compared with those from a commercially available diagnostic ELISA kit (HerdChek), which uses the nucleocapsid (N) protein as an antigen. Only VR #1+#2 showed a result statistically similar to that of N protein. Ecto #1 and Ecto #2 had a lower sensitivity than VR #1+#2 and rGP5. The peptides and rGP5 showed significant associations with the N protein (P < 0.05 or 0.01), which suggests that GP5 may also be a candidate serodiagnostic antigen. Since antibodies against GP5 persist much longer than those against the N protein, GP5 itself and some of its fragments are thought to be good targets for serodiagnosis. In addition, the presence of antibodies against the PRRSV structural antigens showed significant antigen-dependent differences.
Detection of dimension sets in engineering drawings (1994)

This correspondence presents a system for detecting dimension sets in engineering drawings that are drawn to ANSI drafting standards. A new rule-based text/graphics separation algorithm and a model-based procedure for detecting arrowheads in any orientation have been developed. Arrowhead tracking and search methods are used to extract leaders, tails, and witness lines from segmented images containing only graphics. Text blocks and feature control frames extracted from the segmented images are than associated with their corresponding leaders to obtain complete dimension sets. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of indomethacin, renzapride, methysergide, ketanserin, granisetron and citalopram on serotonin-induced fluid accumulation in pig jejunum. (1994)

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the intestinal serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes involved in fluid transport in the pig jejunum in vivo. The fluid accumulating effect of intraluminally administered 5-HT, renzapride, methysergide, ketanserin, granisetron, citalopram and intravenous indomethacin, was tested in tied-off loops in vivo. 5-HT caused a dose-dependent fluid accumulation, which was reduced by indomethacin by about 30%. Renzapride, methysergide, ketanserin, granisetron and citalopram all caused fluid accumulation. Taking into account these fluid accumulating effects, renzapride, methysergide, ketanserin and granisetron reduced the fluid accumulating effect of 5-HT, giving a maximal reduction of 70, 46, 76, and 80%, respectively. These data suggest the existence of intestinal 5-HT receptor subtypes involved in fluid transport in the pig jejunum. The antagonistic effects of indomethacin, ketanserin and granisetron, suggest the involvement of prostaglandins, as well as the 5-HT2 and the 5-HT3 receptor subtypes in the fluid accumulating response of 5-HT.
Effectiveness of Techniques and Physiological Measures in the Detection of Deception (1978)

ABSTRACT Control‐question (CQ) and guilty‐knowledge (GK) techniques for the detection of deception were studied in a mock theft context. Subjects from the local community received $5 for participation, and both guilty and innocent subjects were motivated with a $10 bonus for a truthful outcome on the polygraph examination. They were instructed to deny the theft when they were examined by experimenters who were blind with respect to their guilt or innocence. Eight physiological channels were recorded. Blind numerical field evaluations with an inconclusive zone produced 94% and 83% correct decisions for two different types of CQ tests and 89% correct decisions for GK tests. Control questions were more effective than guilt‐complex questions, and exclusive control questions were more effective than nonexclusive control questions. Behavioral observations were relatively ineffective in differentiating guilty and innocent subjects. Quantitative analyses of the CQ and GK data revealed significant discrimination between guilty and innocent subjects with a variety of electrodermal and cardiovascular measures. The results support the conclusion that certain techniques and physiological measures can be very useful for the detection of deception in a laboratory mock‐crime context.
Photoelectrochemical Performance of CdSe Nanorod Arrays Grown on a Transparent Conducting Substrate (2009)

Perpendicularly aligned semiconducting CdSe nanorod arrays were fabricated on ITO-coated glass substrate using porous aluminum oxide (PAO) as a hard template. Nanorod lengths were varied between 50 and 500 nm, while keeping the diameter at 65 nm. The electrochemical photovoltaic performance was found to depend critically on nanorod length and crystallinity. Arrays of rods annealed at 500 degrees C showed an order of magnitude improvement in white light power conversion efficiency over unannealed samples. The largest power conversion efficiency of 0.52% was observed for nanorods 445 +/- 82 nm in length annealed at 500 degrees C. The technique described is generally applicable to fabricating highly aligned nanorods of a broad range of materials on a robust transparent conductor.