gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting chemotherapy of brain tumor using liposome-encapsulated cisplatin. Part 2. Pullulancoated liposomes to target brain tumor. (1990)

Liposomes were investigated as a carrier for the delivery of therapeutic agents to target brain tumors. We have developed the coating of liposomes with pullulan derivative and compared with conventional neutral liposome. When pullulan-coated liposome labeled with 14C was intracarotidly administrated into the 9L cells implanted brain tumor rats, brain tumor uptake increased 4.5 times and spleen uptake decrease compared with the neutral liposome. The cytotoxity of cisplatin against 9L-glioma cells was not inhibited by encapsulation of pullulan-coated liposomes. The median survival times were 35.3 days for pullulan-coated liposome-encapsulated cisplatin-treated rats and 20.3 days for untreated rats. The difference was statisticall significant (P<0.05). These findings suggest that pullulan-coated liposome-encapsulated cisplatin could be utilized for targeting the chemotherapy of brain tumors, however in order to increase the targetability of liposome to brain tumors, we must have developed the conjugating of liposome with the specific sensory device.
Stoichiometry of Na+-succinate cotransport in renal brush-border membranes. (1982)

The coupled transport of Na+ with succinate and citrate into rabbit renal brush-border membrane vesicles was studied. Initial rates of transport (J) were estimated from 1-s uptakes under well defined transmembrane conditions (membrane potential, pH, ionic composition). A Na+ gradient increased J up to 700 times compared to Na+ replacement with sorbitol. J was a sigmoid function of increasing Na+ concentration; the kinetic interaction of Na+ with the succinate-citrate transport system was described by the equation: J = Jmax/(1 + (Ks/[Na]))3. Assuming that the Na+ interaction involves equivalent, noninteracting binding sites, these results indicate that 3 Na+ ions are translocated/molecule of organic substrate. Consistent with the latter observation was the direct demonstration of a stoichiometric coupling between simultaneously determined fluxes of 22Na+ and 14C-labeled substrates. In excess of 2 Na+ ions were transported/molecule of organic substrate. These results explain the electrogenicity of the transport of succinate and citrate as evidenced by the response of J to K+ diffusion potentials and the effects of transport on the fluorescence of a potential-sensitive cyanine dye.
New Standardization and Calibration Procedures for Nirs Analytical Systems (1991)

An important objective of a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analytical system is to have consistent predictions across instruments. Standardized instruments produce very similar spectra, but the standardization procedure is expensive and requires trained personnel. In addition, calibrations need to be insensitive to modest changes in sample and room temperature during routine analysis. This paper describes a simplified standardization procedure for monochromators of the same model. The procedure consisted of aligning instruments with a polystyrene standard and adjusting the baselines of spectra with a sealed sample of concentrate. Wheat Triticum aestivum L.) and hay calibration equations were used to evaluate the consistency of NIRS analyses across these standardized instruments. Bias and standard error of difference corrected for bias [SED(C)] for 29 test samples of different agricultural products were acceptable across instruments. Partial least squares was modified to incorporate a repeatability file containing spectra from different instruments and samples at different temperatures, and the equations were recalculated. The equations derived with the repeatability file showed little or no increase in the standard error of calibration. The same equations, however, showed a substantial decrease in standard error of difference across instruments on test samples with temperature varying from 19 to 29.5 °C.
Synthesis of Novel 2‐Aminoimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines, Including the Thieno Analogue of the Cooked‐Food Mutagen IFP. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theoretical Method for the Calculation of the Radar Cross Sections of Aircraft and Missiles (1959)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21184/2/rl2059.0001.001.pdf
Analysis of performance degradation in Radio-over-Fiber systems based on IEEE 802.16 protocol (2009)

In order to the increasing demand for wireless connectivity and large coverage, Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) infrastructure has been suggested as a cost-effective solution for the provisioning of bandwidth in small cell size. In this article, we present an analysis of the use of RoF technology in IEEE 802.16 networks. The propagation delay introduced by the fiber length impacts the tuning of MAC and physical layers parameters. For an effective tuning, we present a comprehensive study of the performance degradation of WiMAX networks employing RoF infrastructure. Results were obtained using analytical models and simulations. Results indicate the viability of RoF scenarios with degradation bounded to 20% at physical layer when using fiber links with maximum length of 115 Km and degradation bounded to 20 % at application layer for fiber length up to 80 Km.
Lithium literature review: lithium's properties and interactions (1978)

The lithium literature has been reviewed to provide a better understanding of the effects of lithium spills that might occur in magnetic fusion energy (MFE) facilities. Lithium may be used as a breeding blanket and reactor coolant in these facilities. Physical and chemical properties of lithium as well as the chemical interactions of lithium with various gases, metals and non-metals have been identified. A preliminary assessment of lithium-concrete reactions has been completed using differential thermal analysis. Suggestions are given for future studies in areas where literature is lacking or limited.
Coordination of water to magnesium cations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordination of water to magnesium cationsCharles W. Bock, Amy Kaufman, and Jenny P. GluskerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 3, 419–427Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00081a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00081a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1755Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Chemical cross-linking studies of chloroplast coupling factor 1. (1976)

Cross-linking reagents have been used to link covalently adjacent subunits of solubilized spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1, which is a latent ATPase. 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate, and dimethylsuberimidate are able to form bridges of 3 to 11 A between amino groups, and hydrogen peroxide and the o-phenanthroline-cupric ion complex catalyze the oxidation of intrinsic sulfhydryl groups. The five individual subunit bands (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) and several new aggregate bands can be separated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The same four fastest moving aggregate bands, as characterized by their mobilities, migrate more slowly than the heaviest subunit band and appear with all of the cross-linkers employed. The subunit composition of the aggregate bands has been determined through the use of the reversible cross-linkers, dimethyldithiobispropionimidate, (o-phenanthroline)2Cu(II), and H2O2, and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in which aggregates are separated in the first dimension, the disulfide cross-links are cleaved, and the individual subunits present in the aggregates are separated in the second dimension. The subunits are detected by Coomassie brilliant blue staining and by labeling some of the sulfhydryl groups of the gamma and epsilon subunits with radioactive N-ethylmaleimide. The results obtained indicate that the alpha and beta subunits can cross-link directly with each of the other subunits, that two beta subunits are adjacent, and that gamma epsilon, gamma epsilon 2, alpha delta, and beta delta aggregates are present. A minimal subunit stoichiometry consistent with these results is alpha 2 beta 2 gamma delta epsilon 2. A possible structural model of the coupling factor is derived from the data. Similar, but less extensive, experiments have been carried out with the heat-activated coupling factor (which is an ATPase); no differences in the spatial arrangement of subunits are detected from the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of the cross-linked aggregates.
Coronary vasoconstriction in the rat, isolated perfused heart induced by platelet‐activating factor is mediated by leukotriene C<sub>4</sub> (1986)

Platelet-activating factor (Paf, 0.04-4.50 nmol) dose-dependently induced coronary vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac contractility in rat, isolated perfused hearts and concomitantly released leukotriene-like bioactivity into the cardiac effluent. Platelet-activating factor (0.9 nmol) induced an increase in 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of cardiac effluents following partial purification using C18 Sep-Paks. The leukotriene-like bioactivity released by Paf was identified as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) using a combination of isolation on reverse phase-h.p.l.c. (r.p.h.p.l.c.) and quantitation by RIA. In addition, LTB4 was also identified by r.p.h.p.l.c. and the levels, determined by RIA, were within the range having biological activity. The release of cyclo-oxygenase products by Paf was prevented by indomethacin (2.8 microM), markedly attenuated by diethylcarbamazine (7.7 mM) but unaffected by FPL 55712 (1.9 microM)-pretreatment. Furthermore, LTC4 (50 pmol) did not increase the release of the cyclo-oxygenase products measured. The release of LTB4 and LTC4 appeared to be unaffected by indomethacin pretreatment whereas diethylcarbamazine-pretreatment markedly inhibited release. The coronary vasoconstriction induced by Paf (0.9 nmol) was attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin or diethylcarbamazine, whereas FPL 55712 caused a marked inhibition of the response. In contrast, the decrease in cardiac contractility was prevented by indomethacin or diethylcarbamazine and unaffected by FPL 55712 pretreatment. It is concluded that LTC4 may be largely responsible for the coronary vasoconstriction induced by Paf with cyclo-oxygenase products having a possible modulatory role whereas the latter appear to be involved in the Paf-induced decrease in cardiac contractility.
Synthesis of Substituted 1,2-Dihydroquinolines and Quinolines from Aromatic Amines and Alkynes by Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Hydroamination−Hydroarylation under Microwave-Assisted Conditions (2007)

A method to efficiently prepare substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines and quinolines by Au(I)-catalyzed tandem hydroamination-hydroarylation under microwave irradiation was developed. This method requires short reaction time (10-70 min) and has a broad substrate scope.
Secure Device Pairing: A Survey (2014)

In this paper, we discuss secure device pairing mechanisms in detail. We explain man-in-the-middle attack problem in unauthenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocols and show how it can be solved by using out-of-band channels in the authentication procedure. We categorize out-of-band channels into three categories of weak, public, and private channels and demonstrate their properties through some familiar scenarios. A wide range of current device pairing mechanisms are studied and their design circumstances, problems, and security issues are explained. We also study group device pairing mechanisms and discuss their application in constructing authenticated group key agreement protocols. We divide the mechanisms into two categories of protocols with and without the trusted leader and show that protocols with trusted leader are more communication and computation efficient. In our study, we considered both insider and outsider adversaries and present protocols that provide secure group device pairing for uncompromised nodes even in presence of corrupted group members.
Achieving uniform efficient illumination with multiple asymmetric compound parabolic luminaires (1994)

Luminaire designs based on multiple asymmetric nonimaging compound parabolic reflectors are proposed for 2-D illumination applications that require highly uniform far-field illuminance, while ensuring maximal lighting efficiency and sharp angular cutoffs. The new designs derive from recent advances in nonimaging secondary concentrators for line-focus solar collectors. The light source is not treated as a single entity, but rather is divided into two or more separate adjoining sources. An asymmetric compound parabolic luminaire is then designed around each half-source. Attaining sharp cutoffs requires relatively large reflectors. However, severe truncation of the reflectors renders these devices as compact as many conventional luminaires, at the penalty of a small fraction of the radiation being emitted outside the nominal cutoff. The configurations that maximize the uniformity of far-field illuminance offer significant improvements in flux homogeneity relative to alternative designs to date.
The role of polyamines in human cancer: prospects for drug combination therapies. (2004)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) are two key enzymes in polyamine (PA) biosynthesis and their inhibition leads to PA pool depletion and cell growth arrest. DFMO and SAM486A are specific inhibitors of ODC and AdoMetDC, respectively, and are the only two PA inhibitors, which have been clinically evaluated in Phase II and III cancer trials. However, drug combination therapies expected to potentiate the effects of these drugs have yet to be systematically pursued. Human cancer trials (e.g. for the treatment of neuroblastoma patients) using a DFMO/SAM486A cocktail, possibly combined with current cytotoxic drugs and concomitant with a PA-deficient diet, are warranted.
Carbon and Alloy Steels (2025)

Abstract This article presents 405 fractographs of carbon and alloy steels that failed by overload, fatigue, stress-corrosion cracking, and embrittlement. A very small sampling of fractographs in the article shows an optical image of woody ductile overload of AISI 1144 resulfurized steel with fracture parallel to MnS inclusions. It also illustrates the fractures obtained via tension in low-carbon steel specimens that were tested at an elevated temperature. The article presents fractographs that show the effects of various austenitizing treatments on the characteristics of fractures in an experimental secondary hardening steel containing 0.3% C, 0.6% Mn, and 5.0% Mo.
Effects of Surface Ions on the Friction and Adhesion Properties of Mica (1998)

Friction Force Microscopy studies on ion-exchanged mica surfaces at different humidity levels were performed. Ion exchange was achieved by treating the potassium mica (muscovite) in different solutions to replace K+ surface ions by Ca2+, Mg2+, and H+. It is found that these different surface ions can significantly modify the tribological properties of mica.
The role of ultraviolet radiation during ultralow k films curing: Strengthening mechanisms and sacrificial porogen removal (2007)

This work proposes a fundamental understanding of structural transformation occurring during porogen extraction from as-deposited ultralow k (ULK) materials when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation during thermal curing. Specific explanations are provided for as deposited films at high temperature (T&gt;250 °C). This temperature range is sufficient to assess thin-film stability. Two distinguished regimes were identified in the curing process. During the first stage, the film shrinks strongly in similar proportion to SiCH3 break. Preferential impact of UV radiation on hydrocarbon porogen bonds leads also to a break of SiCH3 structures. In this work, 5 min of curing is enough to remove the porogen and create the max of porosity (33%). After the porogen removal step, the porous film shrinks under UV radiation leading to an increase of SiOSi bond concentration. A structural rearrangement of the bulk is initiated since the porogen is totally evacuated from the film. The increase of normalized infrared SiOSi peak during UV curing (related in literature to an improvement of mechanical properties) is mainly due to film densification (a few SiOSi bonds creation). The origin of shrinkage is explained by the breaking of SiCH3 which could turn into a SiH bond leading to a free volume reduction within the film. In this case, a correlation is found between shrinkage and elastic modulus. The resulting SiOSi structure densification drives, at first order, the improvement of the mechanical properties. UV radiation exposure shows no effect in silanol condensation and acts mainly on the porogen decomposition and bulk densification. Si-CH2-Si structure formation, pointed out in the literature as a possible reaction way to enhance film crosslinking, is identified in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) broadband spectrum of the ULK film. However, resulted NMR and infrared peaks intensities suggest its formation as a minor. This study gives a full understanding of UV curing impact on ULK films (k≤2.5) where structure densification is identified as a main process to enhance the film strength in addition to the crosslinking.
Principles of Microprocessors (1991)

This book covers the main characteristics of commonly available SSI and MSI chips and their use in implementing Boolean functions. It also presents the structure of LSI chips used in the design of complete microprocessor systems and the techniques needed to implement correctly structured programs (emphasizing sound methods for producing maintainable low level code). Each chapter contains a problem section that allows students to test their understanding of the ideas presented in that chapter. The book's major feature is that its description of the microprocessor is based on a software simulation provided on a disk included with the book. The simulator program will run on any IBM PC or compatible and provides a realistic model of a typical microprocessor, as well as the environment in which students may find themselves when programming real systems. For example, using the simulator, it is possible to demonstrate such concepts as interrupts and low-level micro sequencing. These microprocessor features are not normally available in a hardware environment. In order to support student activities in the real world, most of the chapters in the book present manufacturers' data on actual chips to illustrate discussions or demonstrate the tradeoffs that are involved in any design. Following this theme, the final chapter presents a series of overviews of actual processor architectures in terms of the simulated processor. Principles of Microprocessors is an excellent choice as a single text for undergraduate electronic engineering and computer science/engineering courses that teach basic hardware and software design of microprocessor systems. It can also be used as a supplementary or main text for teaching courses where microprocessor techniques form only a part of a core curriculum. Chapters that can be omitted without losing continuity during a course are identified and an instructor's manual is available.
Activation of a Cell Entry Pathway Common to Type C Mammalian Retroviruses by Soluble Envelope Fragments (2000)

Mutations that negatively or positively affect the fusion properties of murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) have been found within all subdomains of their SU (surface) and TM (transmembrane) envelope units. Yet, the interrelations between these different regions of the envelope complex during the cell entry process are still elusive. Deletion of the histidine residue of the conserved PHQV motif at the amino terminus of the amphotropic or the ecotropic MLV SU resulted in the AdelH or the MOdelH fusion-defective mutant envelope, respectively. These delH mutant envelopes are incorporated on retroviral particles at normal densities and normally mediate virion binding to cells expressing the retroviral receptors. However, both their cell-cell and virus-cell fusogenicities were fully prevented at an early postbinding stage. We show here that the fusion defect of AdelH or MOdelH envelopes was also almost completely reverted by providing either soluble SU or a polypeptide encompassing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the target cells, provided that the integrity of the amino-terminal end of either polypeptide was preserved. Restoration of delH envelope fusogenicity was caused by activation of the target cells via specific interaction of the latter polypeptides with the retrovirus receptor rather than by their association with the delH envelope complexes. Moreover crossactivation of the target cells, leading to fusion activation of AdelH or MOdelH envelopes, was achieved by polypeptides containing various type C mammalian retrovirus RBDs, irrespective of the type of entry-defective glycoprotein that was used for infection. Our results indicate that although they recognize different receptors for binding to the cell surface, type C mammalian retroviruses use a common entry pathway which is activated by a conserved feature of their envelope glycoproteins.