gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen diffusion effects on the kinetics of the hydrogen electrode reaction (2004)

The present work proposes a methodology for the evaluation of the kinetic parameters of the hydrogen electrode reaction for the Tafel–Heyrovsky–Volmer mechanism from experimental results corresponding to the study of the hydrogen oxidation on a rotating disc electrode. It is based on the correlation of the experimental dependence j(η,ω) with a theoretical expression together with some constraints that involve the use of the equilibrium polarisation resistance, which reduces the number of adjustable parameters. This methodology was applied to the hydrogen oxidation reaction on a platinum electrode, which was studied in the range 900 ≤ ω/rpm ≤ 8100 and −0.05 ≤ η/V ≤ 0.40 in 0.5 M H2SO4. The results obtained have been discussed in the light of the theoretical treatment described in Part I of this work.
Analysis of F2-isoprostanes in plasma of pregnant women by HPLC-MS/MS using a column packed with core-shell particles (2013)

Plasma F2-isoprostanes (F2-isoPs) are reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress. Several possible F2-isoPs are generated by the oxidation of arachidonic acid esterified in phospholipids. The separation of these isomers represents a technical challenge for rapid and selective determination. We have developed a HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of seven plasma F2-isoPs, namely 8-iso-15(R)-prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 8-iso-PGF2α, 15(R)-PGF2α, iPF2α-IV, iPF2α-VI, 5-iPF2α-VI, and (±)5-8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI. We have validated this method in plasma of pregnant women, a mild physiological oxidative stress known to increase F2-isoPs. Thus, plasma samples of women collected at the third trimester of pregnancy (n = 20) were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis followed by liquid-liquid extraction in order to extract total F2-isoPs. The F2-isoPs were separated within 16.5 min using a column packed with core-shell particles. The class VI isomers were the most abundant, accounting for 65% of the total level of all quantified F2-isoPs in plasma of pregnant women (P < 0.05). The 15(R)-PGF2α was the most abundant of the class III isomers quantified. This method allowed fast and selective separation of seven isomers from three different classes of F2-isoP regioisomers.
Identical but not the same: The value of discordant monozygotic twins in genetic research (2010)

Monozygotic (MZ) twins show remarkable resemblance in many aspects of behavior, health, and disease. Until recently, MZ twins were usually called "genetically identical"; however, evidence for genetic and epigenetic differences within rare MZ twin pairs has accumulated. Here, we summarize the literature on MZ twins discordant for Mendelian inherited disorders and chromosomal abnormalities. A systematic literature search for English articles on discordant MZ twin pairs was performed in Web of Science and PubMed. A total number of 2,016 publications were retrieved and reviewed and 439 reports were retained. Discordant MZ twin pairs are informative in respect to variability of phenotypic expression, pathogenetic mechanisms, epigenetics, and post-zygotic mutagenesis and may serve as a model for research on genetic defects. The analysis of single discordant MZ twin pairs may represent an elegant approach to identify genes in inherited disorders.
Novel modified soybean oil containing hydrazino-ester: synthesis and characterization (2006)

A novel synthetic approach for chemical modification of vegetable oils is presented. The structural modification is carried out using diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in the absence of catalyst and solvent. In a microwave oven the reaction can be achieved in 5–15 minutes. The reaction can also proceed using conventional heat, albeit for a longer time. The products are characterized by 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional NMR.
Extracorporeal liver assist device to exchange albumin and remove endotoxin in acute liver failure: Results of a pivotal pre-clinical study (2015)

The survival benefit and lack of adverse effects would support clinical trials of University College London-Liver Dialysis Device in acute liver failure patients.
A Design Method and an Application for Contrarotating Propellers (1989)

A design methodology for contrarotating propellers bas been developed based on rational hydromechanics. Three fundamental principles need to be satisfied: momentum, mass, and circulation conservation. Momentum conservation requires the net force generated by the contrarotating propeller to be balanced by the drag of the bare body and the drag due to hull-propulsor interaction. Mass conservation determines the circulation distribution of the aft propeller once the forward propeller circulation distribution is specified. Circulation conservation determines the magnitude of the circulation distribution of the aft propeller to ensure the proper thrust and torque ratios. The effects of the hub boundaries have been taken into account in the design and analysis methods. A contrarotating propeller set was designed for uniform flow at the operating point of the propeller for a high-speed surface ship. Open water results show that the performance predictions agree well with the measurements.
Variable regularisation parameter sign subband adaptive filter (2010)

A sign subband adaptive filter (SSAF) for acoustic echo cancellation is proposed, which is derived by minimising the L1-norm of the subband a posteriori error vector subject to a constraint on the tap-weight vector of the filter. In addition, a variable regularisation parameter (VRP) is introduced to improve the performance of the SSAF. Simulation results are presented to verify the good robustness of the proposed VRP-SSAF against double-talk.
Electron Acceleration and the Propagation of Ultrashort High-Intensity Laser Pulses in Plasmas (2000)

Reported are interactions of high-intensity laser pulses ( lambda = 810 nm and I</=3x10(18) W/cm(2)) with plasmas in a new parameter regime, in which the pulse duration ( tau = 29 fs) corresponds to 0. 6-2.6 plasma periods. Relativistic filamentation is observed to cause laser-beam breakup and scattering of the beam out of the vacuum propagation angle. A beam of megaelectronvolt electrons with divergence angle as small as 1 degrees is generated in the forward direction, which is correlated to the growth of the relativistic filamentation. Raman scattering, however, is found to be much less than previous long-pulse results.
Tides, Surges and Mean Sea-Level (1987)

Introduction: Early Ideas and Observations Tidal Patterns Meteorological and Other Non-tidal Disturbances Some Definitions of Common Terms Basic Statistics of Tides as Time Series Observations and Data Reduction Forces Analysis and Prediction Tidal Dynamics Biology: Some Tidal Influences Filters for Tidal Time Series Response Analysis Inputs and Theory Analysis of Currents Theoretical Tidal Dynamics Legal Definitions in the Coastal Zone.
Estimating the Lifetime of Electropolished Stainless Steel (EPSS) Tubing in Corrosive Gas Services (1994)

Tubing lifetime in HCI service, defined as the time to begin particle shedding due to corrosion, can be estimated by the method described in this paper. This could provide an additional selection criterion for materials used in corrosive applications. In this method, particle shedding by a length of electropolished stainless steel (EPSS) tubing is measured before and after its controlled exposure to 100 percent HCl. The shedding is measured in dry nitrogen at several different flow rates. The experimental variables are moisture concentration, exposure duration, and shedding flow rates. A dosage-response model is used to correlate the particle data with a combined dosage parameter of moisture concentration and exposure duration. The time for the tube to begin to act as a particle source under HCl exposure is then estimated as follows. For a given allowable particle level C, at a specified flow rate, the dosage parameter X can be determined from C = exp (a+bX) where a and b are constants obtainable from the experimental correlation. Once the dosage parameter X is obtained, the lifetime of the EPSS tubing in HCl service can be estimated from {H2O in ppm} x {Lifetime in days} = X For EPSS tubing exposed to 100 percent HCl with I ppm moisture concentration, this method estimates 2.3 yr for this tubing to shed particles greater than 10 particles/scf at a 3.531 scfm (100 slm) flow rate. This estimate is in line with field experience.
Measurement of polarization mode dispersion in high-birefringence fibers (1983)

A broadband superluminescent diode at 0.84 microm is used to measure the group-delay difference in four high-birefringence single-mode fibers. Measured values range from 0.6-0.9 nsec/km for the stress-induced birefringence fibers to 3.6 nsec/km for the elliptical-core fiber.
The human c-Kirsten<i>ras</i>gene is activated by a novel mutation in codon 13 in the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB231 (1987)

We have detected amplified human Ki-ras sequences in tumorigenic NIH 3T3 cells transfected with genomic DNA from the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB231. Hybridization of synthetic oligonucleotides specific for human Ki-ras sequences showed a mutation at codon 13. The polymerase chain reaction with Ki-ras specific amplimers revealed a guanosine to adenosine transition at the second position of codon 13, resulting in a substitution of glycine by aspartic acid. The codon 13 mutation is also detected in one Ki-ras allele of the MDA-MB231 cell line.
Multiaxis atom interferometry with a single-diode laser and a pyramidal magneto-optical trap (2017)

Atom interferometry has become one of the most powerful technologies for precision measurements. To develop simple, precise, and versatile atom interferometers for inertial sensing, we demonstrate an atom interferometer measuring acceleration, rotation, and inclination by pointing Raman beams toward individual faces of a pyramidal mirror. Only a single diode laser is used for all functions, including atom trapping, interferometry, and detection. Efficient Doppler-sensitive Raman transitions are achieved without the velocity selecting the atom sample, and with zero differential AC Stark shift between the cesium hyperfine ground states, increasing signal-to-noise and suppressing systematic effects. We measure gravity along two axes (vertical and 45$^\circ$ to the vertical), rotation, and inclination with sensitivities of 6$\,\mu$m/s$^2/\sqrt{\rm Hz}$, 300$\,\mu$rad/s/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$, and 4$\,\mu$rad/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$, respectively. This work paves the way toward deployable multiaxis atom interferometers for geodesy, geology, or inertial navigation.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptors: Stuctures and Function (1996)

We have been attempting to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which peroxisome proliferators exert their pleiotropic effects, with particular emphasis on understanding why humans appear unresponsive to these compounds. There is a wealth of data to implicate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in mediating these effects in rodent species; PPAR alpha is expressed in tissues that show physiological changes in response to PPs, is transcriptionally activated in vitro by a variety of PPs, and it has been recently demonstrated that mice lacking this receptor are refractory to the effects of clofibrate and Wy-14,643, at least in the short term. It is conceivable that differences in PPAR alpha between responsive rodent and unresponsive human subjects may provide the key to understanding the basis of this species variation in response, and with this in mind we have been studying the biology of PPAR alpha in humans and looking at interindividual variation. There is already published evidence, albeit on only two sequences, for structural and functional polymorphism in human PPAR alphas. We have extended these findings, and shown that: There is considerable variation in hPPAR alpha cDNAs obtained from different individuals, both at the gross structural level (lack of a coding exon) and of a more subtle nature (single base changes leading to amino acid substitutions). One such cDNA, the sequence of which differs at only three amino acids from that published, encodes a receptor that is incapable of transcriptional activation by potent PPs. The degree to which hPPAR alpha transcripts are expressed in human livers can vary by up to an order of magnitude between individuals. The tissue-specific expression profile of PPAR alpha in humans is very different from that in rat and mouse. In particular, the human liver contains generally low levels of PPAR alpha in contrast to the responsive rodents, in which potent PPs cause liver tumors. Taken together, these data suggest first that human and rodent PPAR alphas differ according to a number of molecular and biochemical criteria, and secondly that there is a degree of interindividual variation in PPAR alpha structure and function. Studies are ongoing to clarify this further, but human polymorphism may go some way towards explaining the apparent paradox that active PPAR alpha receptors can be isolated from an "unresponsive" species.
III.—On Some Isochilinæ from Canada and Elsewhere in North America (1903)

Among a large number of Canadian fossils sent to me by Col. C. C. Grant, of Hamilton, Ontario, for transmission to the British Museam (Natural History Branch), there were three particular specimens of fossiliferous limestone worthy of careful examination. These came from a glacial drift at Hamilton, known as ‘Bala Drift.’ There being no real ‘Bala’ strata in Canada, the appellation of ‘Bala Drift’ at Hamilton applies to a glacial drift containing fossils more or less allied to those of Bala , most probably to the Trenton Limestone, a Lower Silarian (or Ordovician) formation.
The Structures of Bioactive Cyclodepsipeptides, Beauveriolides I and II, Metabolites of Entomopathogenic Fungi <i>Beauveria</i> sp. (1993)

Abstract Among the cyclodepsipeptides, beauveriolides I (1) and II (2) have been isolated from the mycelium of Beauveria sp., and their stereostructures were elucidated by spectral analyses coupled with syntheses of the corresponding 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid derivatives. Beauveriolide I (1) exhibited moderate insecticidal activities against Spodoptera litura and Callosobruchus chinensis.
Direct synthesis of highly loaded and well-dispersed NiO/SBA-15 for producer gas conversion (2012)

To design a new Ni based catalyst for producer gas (CO2 + H2) conversion with high conversion and selectivity, highly loaded and well-dispersed NiO/SBA-15 was obtained for the first time by the direct synthesis method. The NiO particles were dispersed into the SiO2 structure of SBA-15, unlike when prepared by the post synthesis method. The NiO/SBA-15 exhibited excellent efficiency and selectivity for producer gas conversion, comparable to that obtained by the post synthesis method. The synthesis method affected the CO selectivity. The temperature and H2/CO2 ratio played an important role in CO2 conversion, indicating that a high temperature and high H2/CO2 ratio favored CO2 conversion. The NiO loading did not affect the CO2 conversion. Although there was no difference in the CO selectivity when the NiO loading was increased at high temperature, it was influenced greatly by NiO loading at low temperature as a result of CH4 formation. In NiO/SBA-15 with low NiO loading, it can be considered that the NiO particles were separated into single NiO particles, which only catalyzed the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, regardless of the temperature, resulting in a CO selectivity of 100%. However, in NiO/SBA-15 with high NiO loading, the NiO particles aggregated to result in one or more NiO particles existing near each other. In this case only the RWGS reaction could occur at high temperature, and both methanation and the RWGS reaction were catalyzed at low temperature, resulting in a CO selectivity of less than 100%.
Tunable External Cavity Diode Lasers (2004)

Basics of Semiconductor Diode Lasers Tunable Monolithic Semiconductor Diode Lasers Elements of Tunable External Cavity Diode Lasers Systems for Tunable External Cavity Diode Lasers Implementation of Tunable External Cavity Diode Lasers Frequency Stabilization of Tunable External Cavity Diode Lasers Applications of Tunable External Cavity Diode Lasers
Anti-gliadin Antibodies (1991)

Department of Pediatrics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy * Gastro-Intestinal Unit, Western General Hospital and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
SP6 RNA polymerase efficiently synthesizes RNA from short double-stranded DNA templates (1993)

SP6 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, like T7 RNA polymerase, can be used to synthesize RNA sequences from short DNA templates which contain the 18 base pair promoter region. Use of SP6 polymerase extends the range of possible 5' sequences of RNA products, since the preferred SP6 start site (of the RNA product) is 5'GAAGA, while T7 polymerase prefers 5'GGGAG. The SP6 start site can be advantageous in large-scale syntheses where high concentrations of RNA can lead to aggregation. Using the limited number of DNA templates described here, there appears to be a significant difference between the two enzymes: SP6 polymerase requires a complete duplex DNA substrate for efficient synthesis, unlike the T7 enzyme which works efficiently when only the 18 base promoter region is double-stranded. SP6 polymerase consistently produces higher yields of RNA than does T7 polymerase, and the reactions can be easily scaled up to produce milligram quantities of RNA.
In vitro adsorption and activity of enzymes on reaction layers of bioactive glass substrates (1998)

The effects of physiological biomolecules, particularly proteins, on the reactivity of bioactive glasses is being heavily researched. However, the effects of bioactive glasses on the activity of proteins have received little attention. Activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) adsorbed to the silica gel and hydroxycarbonate apatite layers of 45S5 bioactive glass was investigated. Surface reactions were terminated after development of a silica gel layer by the addition of edta to the reaction solution, which completely inhibited calcium phosphate formation. Complete loss of HRP activity on the silica gel layer was found to occur within 21 h while a minimal amount of activity from HCA-adsorbed HRP persisted indefinitely. These results show that bioactive glasses may serve as "friendly hosts" for adsorbed proteins, such as biologically active growth factors. These active peptides then, in turn, may generate an increased cellular response in the surrounding tissue, thereby enhancing the biogenic response.
A framework for optimizing Java using attributes (2010)

This paper presents a framework for supporting the optimization of Java programs using attributes in Java class files. We show how class file attributes may be used to convey both optimization opportunities and profile information to a variety of Java virtual machines including ahead-of-time compilers and just-in-time compilers.
Microporous zirconia-pillared clays derived from three kinds of zirconium polynuclear ionic species (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicroporous zirconia-pillared clays derived from three kinds of zirconium polynuclear ionic speciesKunio Ohtsuka, Yoshimasa Hayashi, and Mitsuru SudaCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 12, 1823–1829Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00036a022https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00036a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trocar-Guided Mesh Compared With Conventional Vaginal Repair in Recurrent Prolapse (2011)

I.
Chemical Dynamics in Surface Reactions (1982)

Abstract Chemical interactions of gaseous molecules with solid surfaces may proceed with or without bond‐breaking (dissociative and non‐dissociative chemisorption, respectively). The formation of new molecules via surface reactions of these species forms the basis of heterogeneous catalysis. Experimentally accessible information on the processes involved will be briefly outlined by means of a few selected examples.
Controlled Drug Release through a Plasma Polymerized Tetramethylcyclo-tetrasiloxane Coating Barrier (2011)

A plasma polymerized tetramethylcyclo-tetrasiloxane (TMCTS) coating was deposited onto a metallic biomaterial, 316 stainless steel, to control the release rate of drugs, including daunomycin, rapamycin and NPC-15199 (N-(9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl)-leucine), from the substrate surface. The plasma-state polymerized TMCTS thin film was deposited in a vacuum plasma reactor operated at a radio-frequency of 13.56 MHz, and was highly adhesive to the stainless steel, providing a smooth and hard coating layer for drugs coated on the substrate. To investigate the influence of plasma coating thickness on the drug diffusion profile, coatings were deposited at various time lengths from 20 s to 6 min, depending on the type of drug. Atomic force spectroscopy (AFM) was utilized to characterize coating thickness. Drug elution was measured using a spectrophotometer or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The experimental results indicate that plasma polymerized TMCTS can be used as an over-coating to control drug elution at the desired release rate. The drug-release rate was also found to be dependent on the molecular weight of the drug with plasma coating barrier on top of it. The in vitro cytotoxicity test result suggested that the TMCTS plasma coatings did not produce a cytotoxic response to mammalian cells. The non-cytotoxicity of TMCTS coating plus its high thrombo-resistance and biocompatibility are very beneficial to drug-eluting devices that contact blood.
Calpains: physiological and pathophysiological significance (1999)

The system of Ca-dependent neutral proteases , commonly known as the calpain system, is represented by two main isoforms , calpain 1 and calpain 2 , as well as by tissue-specific enzymes . These enzymes take part in some physiological processes and are responsible for certain pathological states. The versatility of intracellular Ca 2+ mediating the majority of cellular processes is reflected on the calpain system, i.e. it activates the functional reserves of the cell at moderate Ca 2+ concentrations and causes protein degradation at excessive Ca 2+ . Besides, the activity of the calpain system of the cell is regulated by the concentration of its specific inhibitor, calpastatin , as well as by phosphorylation–dephosphorylation of proteins. Calpains can function both inside the cell and outside it (in the extracellular matrix) and exist both in soluble and membrane-bound states, where it is the most active. Calpains induce cell degradation in some pathologies and in apoptosis. Preliminary modification of proteins or their membrane microenvironment initiates enhanced proteolysis of cytosolic and membrane-bound proteins and enzymes. The key role of calpains in the development of many pathological states testifies to the high pathophysiological significance of this proteolytic system in the organism.