gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEROTYPES IN PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE A TEN YEAR STUDY IN AUSTRALIA 1970 THROUGH 1979 (1983)

During the ten year period 1970 through 1979, pneumococci from 1205 episodes of pneumococcal disease affecting children and adults in Australia were studied. These included 188 cases of bacteremic pneumonia (85% in adults), 103 cases of primary bacteremia (50% adults), 201 cases of meningitis (69% children), 13 cases of osteomyelitis and/or arthritis, and 13 cases of peritonitis. Otitis media (403 cases), conjunctivitis and sinusitis were predominant amongst 672 localised infections. Of 36 serotypes of pneumococci met with, the leading types were 19, 14, 6, 3 and 9: type 14 predominated in children with primary bacteremia, bacteremic pneumonia or meningitis, type 9 in adults with bacteremic pneumonia, and types 3 and 7 in adults with meningitis. In otitis media types 19 and 3 predominated, in conjunctivitis types 19 and 6, and in sinusitis types 6 and 19. For bacteremic and meningeal infections the current (United States) vaccine provides 83% cover, deletion of the rare (in Australia) types 2, 12 and 25 and the substitution of types 11, 15 and 33 would increase cover by 5% to 88%.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF A DC NON-TRANSFERRED PLASMA TORCH: MOVEMENT OF THE ARC ANODE ATTACHMENT AND RESULTING ANODE EROSION (2005)

This paper describes a 3-D transient modeling of a DC plasma spray torch. The model of the arc column and its attachment on the anode wall is based on the simultaneous solutions of the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and the electromagnetism equations. It makes it possible to predict the motion of the anode attachment root on the anode surface as well as the heat load input to the anode surface at the spot location. The heat flux to anode is afterwards used as an input data for a 1-D enthalpy formulation model of anode heating that predicts the time-evolution of the thickness of the liquid layer on the surface at the anode spot and the quantity of vaporized material.
Small surfactant-like peptides can drive soluble proteins into active aggregates (2012)

This study shows that the surfactant-like peptides L6KD and it derivatives can act as a pull-down handler for converting soluble proteins into active aggregates, much like 18A and ELK16. These peptide-mediated protein aggregations might have important implications for protein aggregation in vivo, and can be explored for production of functional biopolymers with detergent or other interfacial activities.
Programming robots using reinforcement learning and teaching (1991)

Programming robots is a tedious task. So, there is growing interest in building robots which can learn by themselves. Self-improving, which involves trial and error, however, is often a slow process and could be hazardous in a hostile environment. By teaching robots how tasks can be achieved, learning time can be shortened and hazard can be minimized. This paper presents a general approach to making robots which can improve their performance from experiences as well as from being taught. Based on this proposed approach and other learning speedup techniques, a simulated learning robot was developed and could learn three moderately complex behaviors, which were then integrated in a subsumption style so that the robot could navigate and recharge itself. Interestingly, a real robot could actually use what was learned in the simulator to operate in the real world quite successfully.
La política española de investigación científica, desarrollo e innovación tecnológica: el plan nacional de I+D+i para el período 2004-2007 (2004)

El plan nacional de I+D+i para el periodo 2004-2007, elaborado por la Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, recientemente aprobado por el Gobierno, pretende facilitar el acceso a la cultura cientifico-tecnologica de la sociedad en el conjunto, mejorando la cualificacion cientifico-tecnica de las empresas y acelerando el proceso de innovacion.
Ultrahigh-Resolution <sup>1</sup> H− <sup>13</sup> C HSQC Spectra of Metabolite Mixtures Using Nonlinear Sampling and Forward Maximum Entropy Reconstruction (2007)

To obtain a comprehensive assessment of metabolite levels from extracts of leukocytes, we have recorded ultrahigh-resolution 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectra of cell extracts, which exhibit spectral signatures of numerous small molecules. However, conventional acquisition of such spectra is time-consuming and hampers measurements on multiple samples, which would be needed for statistical analysis of metabolite concentrations. Here we show that the measurement time can be dramatically reduced without loss of spectral quality when using nonlinear sampling (NLS) and a new high-fidelity forward maximum-entropy (FM) reconstruction algorithm. This FM reconstruction conserves all measured time-domain data points and guesses the missing data points by an iterative process. This consists of discrete Fourier transformation of the sparse time-domain data set, computation of the spectral entropy, determination of a multidimensional entropy gradient, and calculation of new values for the missing time-domain data points with a conjugate gradient approach. Since this procedure does not alter measured data points, it reproduces signal intensities with high fidelity and does not suffer from a dynamic range problem. As an example we measured a natural abundance 1H-13C HSQC spectrum of metabolites from granulocyte cell extracts. We show that a high-resolution 1H-13C HSQC spectrum with 4k complex increments recorded linearly within 3.7 days can be reconstructed from one-seventh of the increments with nearly identical spectral appearance, indistinguishable signal intensities, and comparable or even lower root-mean-square (rms) and peak noise patterns measured in signal-free areas. Thus, this approach allows recording of ultrahigh resolution 1H-13C HSQC spectra in a fraction of the time needed for recording linearly sampled spectra.
Lactobacillus maltaromicus, a New Species Producing a Malty Aroma (1974)

The characterization of several isolates of a new lactic acid bacterium which produces a malty aroma is presented. Strains MX5R, MX5S, 674S, and 628S were asporogenous, catalase-negative, gram-positive, aciduric rods of varying length which did not reduce nitrate. The above strains also formed L(+)-lactic acid, produced 0.3 to 0.4% acidity in sterile milk, and grew at 7, 15, 25, and 32 C but not at 45 C. In addition, all strains produced limited amounts of CO2 from gluconate, did not produce C02 from glucose, required riboflavin and folic acid but not thiamine for growth, and demonstrated fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) activity. The guanine plus cytosine contents of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from representative strains MX5R and MX5S were 36.0 and 36.1 mol%, respectively. All isolates produced an extracellular nuclease which hydrolyzed ribonucleic acid as well as DNA. Like Streptococcus lactis subsp. maltigenes, all strains produced 2-methyipropanal, 2-methylpropanol, 3-methylbutanal, and 3-methylbutanol in skim milk and Trypticase soy broth. The characteristic malty aroma is most likely due to the production of the above aldehydes. On the basis of the data presented, the malty strains were placed in a new species, Lactobacillus maltaromicus, in the subgenus Streptobacterium. Strain MX5 (ATCO 27865) was designated the type strain of L. maltaromicus.
Nitric Oxide Impairs Normoxic Degradation of HIF-1α by Inhibition of Prolyl Hydroxylases (2003)

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master regulator of metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. It is appreciated that HIF-1alpha accumulation is achieved under normoxic conditions by e.g., nitric oxide. We determined molecular mechanisms of HIF-1alpha accumulation under the impact of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). In human embryonic kidney cells GSNO provoked nuclear accumulation of HIF-1alpha. This appeared unrelated to gene transcription and protein translation, thus pointing to inhibition of HIF-1alpha degradation. Indeed, GSNO as well as the hypoxia mimic CoCl2 decreased ubiquitination of HIF-1alpha and GSNO-induced HIF-1alpha failed to coimmunoprecipitate with pVHL (von Hippel Lindau protein). Considering that HIF-1alpha-pVHL interactions require prolyl hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha, we went on to demonstrate inhibition of HIF-1alpha prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) by GSNO. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interactions revealed that GSNO dose-dependently inhibits PHD activity but not the interaction of a synthetic peptide resembling the hydroxylated oxygen-dependent degradation domain of HIF-1alpha with pVHL. We conclude that GSNO-attenuated prolyl hydroxylase activity accounts for HIF-1alpha accumulation under conditions of NO formation during normoxia and that PHD activity is subject to regulation by NO.
Selective excitation fluorometry for the determination of chlorophylls and pheophytins (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective excitation fluorometry for the determination of chlorophylls and pheophytinsKevin G. Boto and John S. BuntCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 3, 392–395Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50025a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50025a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
T-lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation in the absence of the cytoplasmic tail of the common cytokine receptor gamma c chain in a severe combined immune deficiency X1 patient (1996)

Mutation of the gamma c chain common to interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors has been shown to be responsible for the X chromosome-linked severe combined immune deficiency (SCIDX1). Human SCIDX1 patients are characterized by an absence of T and natural killer cell differentiation. We report the case of a SCIDX1 patient who first had few detectable peripheral T cells, then developed, after haploidentical T-depleted bone marrow transplantation (BMT), up to 2,000/microL autologous T cells. These T cells have persisted over 8 years after BMT and were able to proliferate in the presence of mitogens and of some antigens, although to a lesser extent than control T cells. A stop mutation was identified which predicts that the major part of the cytoplasmic tail of gamma c is truncated. This mutation does not affect high-affinity IL-2 binding, but it partly decreases IL-2 endocytosis and prevents the downmodulation of the IL-2-receptor beta chain and the tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak 3 protein in response to IL-2. This report raises questions concerning the role of the gamma c chain in IL-2 receptor endocytosis and in T-cell development and differentiation.
Editorial: The New Year (2021)

The year 2020 seemed to be one in which things steadily continued to get worse, with each event more terrible than its predecessor. The pandemic has overshadowed everything, and has affected many aspects of our economy. The expression “do more with less” has added significance in our current situation. Budgets have been cut, staff have been laid off or furloughed, and others have had salary reductions. Our profession showed resilience, creativity, and determination in the face of great odds. New service models and ways of working emerged, and how libraries operate will be forever changed. We have successfully proven that we can work remotely. Virtual meetings and conferences are here to stay for a number of reasons, including holding down costs and enabling greater participation. Services like contactless pick up and going fine free were welcome additions and exemplify the spirit of community during a crisis. I personally learned the importance of advance disaster and emergency planning, which included a Zoom call with internationally recognized emergency and disaster planning expert Guy Robertson.
A spanning tree carry lookahead adder (1992)

The design of the 56-b significant adder used in the Advanced Micro Devices Am29050 microprocessor is described. Originally implemented in a 1- mu m design role CMOS process, it evaluates 56-b sums in well under 4 ns. The adder employs a novel method for combining carries which does not require the back propagation associated with carry lookahead, and is not limited to radix-2 trees, as is the binary lookahead carry tree of R.P. Brent and H.T. Kung (1982). The adder also utilizes a hybrid carry lookahead-carry select structure which reduces the number of carriers that need to be derived in the carry lookahead tree. This approach produces a circuit well suited for CMOS implementation because of its balanced load distribution and regular layout.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-aligned bipolar transistors with enhanced efficiency polysilicon emitters (1984)

Detailed electrical results are presented for self-aligned and non-self-aligned bipolar transistors with polysilicon contacted emitters. The transistors have been fabricated with a thin interfacial oxide layer at the polysilicon-monosilicon interface. It is demonstrated that the enhanced gain obtained from this type of device can be traded for a considerable reduction in sub-emitter sheet resistance, and hence for a potential improvement in switching performance. At very high base doping, an unexpected increase in base current is observed, and this is explained by an increase in the bandgap narrowing in the emitter as a result of partial compensation of the emitter dopant. To fabricate the self-aligned transistors, a new process technology has been employed which utilises selective oxidation of the polysilicon emitter contact. Under certain circumstances it is shown that non-ideal electrical characteristics can be obtained from this type of device, and these are caused by lateral spread of the extrinsic base region beneath the sidewall oxide of the polysilicon. To overcome this problem, a polysilicon base contact has been employed which allows a self-aligned extrinsic base region to be fabricated with negligible lateral movement.
CAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Homologous Protein–Dependent Death Receptor 5 Induction Is a Major Component of SHetA2-Induced Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells (2008)

The flexible heteroarotinoids (Flex-Het) represent a novel type of atypical retinoids lacking activity in binding to and transactivating retinoid receptors. Preclinical studies have shown that Flex-Hets induce apoptosis of cancer cells while sparing normal cells and exhibit anticancer activity in vivo with improved therapeutic ratios over conventional retinoid receptor agonists. Flex-Hets have been shown to induce apoptosis through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The present study has revealed a novel mechanism underlying Flex-Het-induced apoptosis involving induction of death receptor 5 (DR5). The representative Flex-Het SHetA2 effectively inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells in cell culture and in mice. SHetA2 induced apoptosis, which could be abrogated by silencing caspase-8 expression, indicating that ShetA2 triggers a caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. Accordingly, SHetA2 up-regulated DR5 expression, including cell surface levels of DR5, and augmented tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Importantly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated blockade of DR5 induction conferred cell resistance to SHetA2-induced apoptosis, as well as SHetA2/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These results show that DR5 induction is a key component of apoptosis induced by SHetA2 or by SHetA2 combined with TRAIL. SHetA2 exerted CAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)-dependent transactivation of the DR5 promoter. Consistently, SHetA2 induced CHOP expression, which paralleled DR5 up-regulation, whereas siRNA-mediated blockage of CHOP induction prevented DR5 up-regulation, indicating CHOP-dependent DR5 up-regulation by SHetA2. Collectively, we conclude that CHOP-dependent DR5 up-regulation is a key event mediating SHetA2-induced apoptosis.
Comparison of X-ray analysis methods used to determine the grain size and strain in nanocrystalline materials (1999)

Abstract The Warren-Averbach (WA) analysis of X-ray Bragg-peak broadening, as well as simplified methods, are employed in the characterization of a set of nanocrystalline Fe powder samples with a wide range of grain sizes. In the WA analysis, the hook effect present at short times is attributed to small-angle grain boundaries. A universal relationship between grain size and rms strain is observed for all samples. For subtraction of instrumental peak broadening, a parabolic relation is found to yield the closest approximation to iterative convolution. Among the integral breadth methods, assuming that both strain and grain size broadening result in a Cauchy peak shape yields the largest grain size and smallest strain. Assuming that both contributions result in Gaussian peaks does the opposite, providing the closest approximation of the WA volume-averaged grain size. The Scherrer equation shows fortuitous agreement with the WA area-averaged grain size. The simplified methods can lead to severe systematic errors when the peak shape varies between samples.
<i>Colloquium</i>: Phononics: Manipulating heat flow with electronic analogs and beyond (2012)

The form of energy termed heat that typically derives from lattice vibrations, i.e., phonons, is usually considered as waste energy and, moreover, deleterious to information processing. However, in this Colloquium, an attempt is made to rebut this common view: By use of tailored models it is demonstrated that phonons can be manipulated similarly to electrons and photons, thus enabling controlled heat transport. Moreover, it is explained that phonons can be put to beneficial use to carry and process information. In the first part ways are presented to control heat transport and to process information for physical systems which are driven by a temperature bias. In particular, a toolkit of familiar electronic analogs for use of phononics is put forward, i.e., phononic devices are described which act as thermal diodes, thermal transistors, thermal logic gates, and thermal memories. These concepts are then put to work to transport, control, and rectify heat in physically realistic nanosystems by devising practical designs of hybrid nanostructures that permit the operation of functional phononic devices; the first experimental realizations are also reported. Next, richer possibilities to manipulate heat flow by use of time-varying thermal bath temperatures or various other external fields are discussed. These give rise to many intriguing phononic nonequilibrium phenomena such as, for example, the directed shuttling of heat, geometrical phase-induced heat pumping, or the phonon Hall effect, which may all find their way into operation with electronic analogs.
On automatic assessment of rehabilitation exercises with realtime feedback (2016)

Automatic realtime assessment of rehabilitation exercises is desirable for any human motion tracking system because it would enable patients to receive immediate and meaningful feedbacks on the rehabilitation exercises they perform at home without the supervision of medical professionals. Such systems could help engage patients in carrying out prescribed rehabilitation exercises for a speedy recovery, while reducing the cost of healthcare, and increasing the convenience of patients. In this paper, we propose an assessment method that aims to provide accurate and meaningful feedbacks to patients in realtime. The method is based on kinematic rules for each rehabilitation exercise, which is essential to provide specific feedbacks regarding the quality of an exercise. The feedbacks take the form of both numerical scores and categorical information for each repetition of the exercise. Numerical scores are determined by computing the similarity between the observed movements with respect to key configurations described in the kinematic rules. Categorical feedback is obtained using fuzzy inference based on numerical scores of individual configurations.
CW electrooptical properties of InGaAsP(λ = 1.3 µm) buried-heterostructure lasers (1981)

The fabrication procedure, electrical properties, optical-bean characteristics, spectral characteristics, and temperature dependence of emission wavelength and threshold of InGaAsP buried-heterostructure (BH) lasers emitting at 1.3 μm are described. The dimensional requirements for fundamental-transverse mode operation have been determined. BH devices are characterized by low threshold currents, fundamental transverse mode operation, linear light output, and narrow spectral width. For 380 μm long devices threshold currents of 40 mA, slope efficiencies of 18 percent, forward resistance of 5 Ω, and T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> values of 75 K have been attained.
Truth and Convention in Morality (1977)

The author considers the question of whether there is one true or valid set of moral principles, or whether all ethics are the distillation of our inherited codes and prohibitions.
The fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is involved in proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells (2008)

Our data suggest that FABP7 can be regulated by PKC and the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway through independent mechanisms in melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, FABP7 is involved in cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and may be associated with tumor progression in melanoma.
High-order harmonic generation by subpicosecond KrF excimer laser pulses (1996)

We investigated the generation of high-order harmonics of a KrF excimer laser (80 mJ, 0.5 ps) in rare gases (He, Ne) and molecular gases (N(2), O(2)). The highest-order harmonic, 7.1 nm, the 35th, was observed in He and Ne, and 8.6 nm, the 29th, in N(2) and O(2). Our experimental results suggest that the high-order harmonics are emitted from ionized atoms. The maximum photon energy of the high-order harmonics may be restricted by phase mismatching caused by free electrons.