gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caveolin 1 is critical for abdominal aortic aneurysm formation induced by angiotensin II and inhibition of lysyl oxidase (2013)

Although AngII (angiotensin II) and its receptor AT1R (AngII type 1 receptor) have been implicated in AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) formation, the proximal signalling events primarily responsible for AAA formation remain uncertain. Caveolae are cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains that serve as a signalling platform to facilitate the temporal and spatial localization of signal transduction events, including those stimulated by AngII. Cav1 (caveolin 1)-enriched caveolae in vascular smooth muscle cells mediate ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17)-dependent EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) transactivation, which is linked to vascular remodelling induced by AngII. In the present study, we have tested our hypothesis that Cav1 plays a critical role for the development of AAA at least in part via its specific alteration of AngII signalling within caveolae. Cav1−/− mice and the control wild-type mice were co-infused with AngII and β-aminopropionitrile to induce AAA. We found that Cav1−/− mice with the co-infusion did not develop AAA compared with control mice in spite of hypertension. We found an increased expression of ADAM17 and enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR in AAA. These events were markedly attenuated in Cav1−/− aortas with the co-infusion. Furthermore, aortas from Cav1−/− mice with the co-infusion showed less endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses compared with aortas from control mice. Cav1 silencing in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells prevented AngII-induced ADAM17 induction and activation. In conclusion, Cav1 appears to play a critical role in the formation of AAA and associated endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress, presumably through the regulation of caveolae compartmentalized signals induced by AngII.
Uplink Capacity and Interference Avoidance for Two-Tier Cellular Networks (2007)

Two-tier femtocell networks-comprising a conventional macrocellular network plus embedded femtocell hotspots- offer an economically viable solution to achieving high cellular user capacity and improved coverage. This paper develops an uplink capacity analysis and interference avoidance strategy in such a two-tier CDMA network with universal frequency reuse. We evaluate a network-wide area spectral efficiency metric called the Operating Contour (OC) defined as the combinations of the average macrocell users and femtocell BS per cell-site that meet a target outage constraint. A contribution of this work is an accurate characterization of the uplink outage probability taking cross-tier power control, path-loss and shadowing into account. Considering worst case interference at a corner femtocell, results reveal that interference avoidance through a time-hopped CDMA physical layer and sectorized antennas allows about a 7x higher femtocell BS density, relative to a split spectrum network with omnidirectional femtocell antennas. These results provide guidelines for the design of robust shared spectrum two-tier networks.
Simultaneous Mobility (2007)

To realize the full potential of mobile multimedia, mobility protocols are needed to handle situations when nodes move while in a multimedia session. Many mobility protocols have been proposed for IP-based networks. In some important cases in using these mobility protocols such as mobile IPv6 with route optimization, a problem can arise when both nodes are mobile and move simultaneously. The problem is that both sides’ binding updates could be lost. A few solutions have recently been proposed. A crucial indicator of the importance of the simultaneous mobility problem, and of its solutions, is the probability of its occurrence. However, previous articles have used only a simple analytical model to estimate the probability of the simultaneous mobility problem occurring. In this article, we present new and more accurate results on the variation of this probability with a number of critical variables.
Photocontrolled Fluorescence “Double-Check” Bioimaging Enabled by a Glycoprobe–Protein Hybrid (2018)

Despite the rapid development of imaging techniques, precise probe localization and modulation in living cells is still a challenging task. Here we show that the simple hybridization between a photochromic fluorescent glycoprobe and human serum albumin (HSA) enables a unique fluorescence "double-check" mechanism for precisely localizing and manipulating probe molecules in living cells. Docking of a carbohydrate-modified naphthalimide (Naph)-spiropyran (SP) dyad to a hydrophobic pocket of HSA produces the glycoprobe-protein hybrid, causing the protein conformation to fold as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. We show that the Naph and merocyanine (the photoisomer of SP) fluorescence of the resulting hybrid can be reversibly switched by light in buffer solution and in target cells overexpressing the carbohydrate receptor.
Utility of electrophysiological studies to predict arrhythmic events (2015)

EPS provides a benefit in risk stratification for future tachyarrhythmic events and SCD and should especially be considered in patients with LVEF ≥ 35%.
Purification and Properties of Boar Acrosin (1980)

An isolation procedure in the presence of non-ionic detergents has been developed for the large-scale preparation of boar acrosin. Five steps including hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose resulted in a 161-fold purification of the enzyme with an accumulation yield of 41%. The resultant acrosin preparation had a molecular weight of 38,000, an isoelectric point of 10.5 and a specific activity of 37 U/mg. Apparent homogeneity was judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. A polarity index of 41.2% was calculated from the amino acid composition. Acrosin was stable at pH 5.5 in the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100. In the absence of detergent acrosin was strongly adsorbed on plastic surfaces.
Relationship between C-reactive protein concentrations during glucocorticoid therapy and recurrent atrial fibrillation (2004)

CRP concentration is a risk factor for recurrent and permanent AF. Methylprednisolone successfully prevents recurrent and permanent AF.
Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by ozone in vitro (1991)

Abstract A device was designed to deliver a constant source of given concentrations of ozone to fluids containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Ozone was found to inactivate HIV-1 virions in a dose-dependent manner. Greater than 11 log inactivation was achieved within 2 hours at a concentration of 1,200 ppm ozone. Similar concentrations of ozone had minimal effect on factor VIII activity in both plasma and immunoaffinity-purified preparations of factor VIII treated for the same time period. The data indicate that the antiviral effects of ozone include viral particle disruption, reverse transcriptase inactivation, and/or a perturbation of the ability of the virus to bind to its receptor on target cells. Ozone treatment offers promise as a means to inactivate human retroviruses in human body fluids and blood product preparations.
Two types of projection neurons in the internal pallidum of primates: Single‐axon tracing and three‐dimensional reconstruction (2001)

The axonal projections of the internal pallidum (GPi) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied by labeling small pools of neurons with biotinylated dextran amine. Fifty-two axons were reconstructed entirely from serial sections with a camera lucida. Two types of projection neurons were identified in the GPi on the basis of their target sites. The abundant and centrally located type I neurons gave rise to a long axonal branch that descended directly to the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, where it arborized discretely. Other branches ascended to the thalamus and broke into 10-15 thinner collaterals that ran through most of the ventral anterior nucleus, where they terminated as typical plexuses. About half of these axons gave rise to collaterals that arborized in both components of the centre médian/parafascicular thalamic complex. The less numerous and peripherally located type II neurons had an axon that climbed the rostral thalamic pole, coursed along the stria medullaris, and arborized profusely within the lateral habenular nucleus, which stood out as the most densely innervated pallidal target. Some type II axons provided collaterals to the anterior thalamic nuclei. A small proportion of axons of both types had branches that crossed the midline and terminated in contralateral GPi target structures. Three-dimensional reconstruction showed that type I axons arborized principally along the sagittal plane. These data reveal that GPi neurons of type I act through a widely distributed axonal network upon thalamic and brainstem premotor neurons, whereas type II neurons act in a much more focused manner upon lateral habenular neurons.
On optimizing sensor placement for spatio-temporal temperature estimation in large battery packs (2012)

This paper optimizes the number of sensors and their locations for estimating the 2-D spatio-temporal temperature dynamics in large battery packs. Monitoring temperature in battery packs is crucial for safety, efficiency, and longterm endurance. The temperature dynamics in large battery packs evolve in space and time, whereas sensors only provide pointwise data. Moreover, the number of sensors should be minimized to reduce costs. The temperature dynamics are modeled by a system of linear two-dimensional heat partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper we perform eigende-composition of the PDEs to produce a finite-dimensional model. Modal observability is defined from the magnitude of these eigenmodes. The process of optimizing the number and location of sensors involves two steps: First, a binary optimization minimizes the number of sensors. Second, a constrained nonlinear programming problem is solved to optimize the previously found sets with respect to a min-max-type objective function. The optimization procedure is independent of the estimator design.
Energy measurement of the lowest<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>Feshbach resonance in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1985)

We use the 800-MeV LAMPF ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ beam to Doppler-shift the energies of photons from a Nd:YAG laser (where YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet) up to the 10--13-eV range. Using these Doppler-shifted photons and calibrating our apparatus by observing the Lyman resonances in ${\mathrm{H}}^{0}$, we find that the energy of the first Feshbach resonance below n=2 in the ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion is 10.9264(6) eV. This energy is in good agreement with predictions and appears to indicate that the one-electron reduced-mass rydberg, rather than the infinite-mass rydberg, is appropriate to use for this Feshbach resonance.
Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How it Works, State of Research, and Road Ahead (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are an emerging transmission technology for application to wireless communications. RISs can be realized in different ways, which include (i) large arrays of inexpensive antennas that are usually spaced half of the wavelength apart; and (ii) metamaterial-based planar or conformal large surfaces whose scattering elements have sizes and inter-distances much smaller than the wavelength. Compared with other transmission technologies, e.g., phased arrays, multi-antenna transmitters, and relays, RISs require the largest number of scattering elements, but each of them needs to be backed by the fewest and least costly components. Also, no power amplifiers are usually needed. For these reasons, RISs constitute a promising software-defined architecture that can be realized at reduced cost, size, weight, and power (C-SWaP design), and are regarded as an enabling technology for realizing the emerging concept of smart radio environments (SREs). In this paper, we (i) introduce the emerging research field of RIS-empowered SREs; (ii) overview the most suitable applications of RISs in wireless networks; (iii) present an electromagnetic-based communication-theoretic framework for analyzing and optimizing metamaterial-based RISs; (iv) provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research; and (v) discuss the most important research issues to tackle. Owing to the interdisciplinary essence of RIS-empowered SREs, finally, we put forth the need of reconciling and reuniting C. E. Shannon’s mathematical theory of communication with G. Green’s and J. C. Maxwell’s mathematical theories of electromagnetism for appropriately modeling, analyzing, optimizing, and deploying future wireless networks empowered by RISs.
Effect of Exhalation Variables on the Current Response of an Enzymatic Breath Acetone Sensing Device (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The effect of simulated breath flow rate, vapor temperature, and flow duration on the linearity and variation in the current response of an enzymatic electrochemical breath acetone sensor was examined. Variable simulated flow rate and vapor temperature only slightly increased the variation in the overall sensor current response to vapor acetone, while the response remained linear with acetone concentration. This increased variation was measured by a slightly decreased linear <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${R}^{2}$</tex> </formula> compared to simulated breath under constant control conditions. Simulated variable flow duration increased the variation in sensor response, especially for blow times less than 5 s at vapor acetone concentrations less than 1 ppm (v/v). This trend with flow duration was reflected in data produced during human breath testing. In all cases, the sensor current response remained linear with vapor acetone concentration. In a clinical test, the sensor current displayed a linear dependence on human breath acetone concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 17 ppm (v/v), as measured by gas chromatography. The linear <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${R}^{2}$</tex></formula> across 201 direct human breath measurements was 0.949. </para>
Analysis of eddy currents in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (1991)

The eddy currents in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging are analyzed from the solutions of Maxwell's equations and their effects are examined over various experimental conditions from whole-body diagnostic imaging to recently developed NMR microscopy. The analysis is focused mainly on the frequency characteristics and intensity variations of the eddy-current-induced field which depends on the overall system size, ratio of the gradient coil size to the magnet bore diameter, and the pulse-sequence-dependent parameters such as input current waveform and repetition time. From the analysis, the frequency response of the eddy-current-induced field is that of a high-pass filter whose cutoff frequency is inversely proportional to the square of the overall system size. The intensity ratio of the generated field to the induced field is not affected by the overall system size, but is sensitively related to the ratio of the gradient coil size to the magnet bore diameter.
Aerogel-Coated Metal Nanoparticle Colloids as Novel Entities for the Synthesis of Defined Supported Metal Catalysts (2003)

Nanometer metal particles of tailored size (3−5 nm) and composition prepared via inverse microemulsion were encapsulated by ultrathin coatings (<2.5 nm) of inorganic porous aerogels covered with surface −OH groups. These composite materials formed metastable colloids in solvent(s), and the organic surfactant molecules were subsequently removed without leading to aggregation (the ethanolic colloid solution was shown to be stable against flocculation for at least weeks). We demonstrate that the totally inorganic-based composite colloids, after the removal of surfactant, can be anchored to conventional solid supports (γ-alumina, carbons) upon mixing. Application of a high temperature resulted in the formation of strong covalent linkages between the colloids and the support because of the condensation of surface groups at the interface. Detailed characterizations (X-ray diffraction (XRD), pore analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CO chemisorption) and catalytic testing (butane combustion) showed that there was no significant metal aggregation from the fine metal particles individually coated with porous aerogel oxide. Most of these metal sites on the coated nanoparticles with and without support are fully accessible by small molecules hence giving extremely active metal catalysts. Thus, the product and technology described may be suitable to synthesize these precursor entities of defined metal sizes (as inks) for wash coat/impregnation applications in catalysis. The advantages of developing inorganic nanocomposite chemical precursors are also discussed.
A commercial multi-line TRL calibration (2007)

A commercial implementation of the reference multi-line TRL has recently become available [1]. While the algorithm implementation has intentionally been kept as true to the previously published details [2]-[3] as possible, the implementation in a current and supported software application enables new capabilities. In addition to support for reference line Zo and propagation constant determination, Zo renormalization, and error term error bound comparison [4], the new implementation supports a wide-variety of vector network analyzer models. Fully automated MLTRL calibration is enabled by using programmable stage and positioner moves with appropriately equipped semi-automatic probe stations. The automation and improved consistency of probe placement results in dramatically faster and less laborious calibration with better calibration repeatability.
Photothermal actuation of V O<sub>2</sub>:Cr-coated microcantilevers in air and aqueous media (2012)

A silicon cantilever coated with a Cr-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film was photothermally actuated with a red pulsed laser in order to study its dynamic performance in air and in water. Very high cantilever vibration amplitudes were obtained in air (∼46.8 μm) up to 500 Hz, while in water a decrease in amplitude was observed from the starting pulse frequency of 1 Hz with relatively high amplitudes (−3 dB) up to ∼10 Hz. Although fluid drag was found to have no effect on the cantilever response through the measured frequency range in either media, numerical simulations show that heat dissipation through the anchor and the surrounding fluid was the cause of the amplitude reduction observed. These results suggest the use of Cr-doped VO2-coated cantilevers as optically driven actuators with high deflections in liquid media.
Scripting in GIS applications (2000)

Scripting languages have long been utilized by GIS application developers to achieve higher levels of programming and shorter development times. Modern general-purpose scripting languages — like Tcl/Tk, Perl or Python — allow the smooth integration of various software components, while at the same time providing rich programming capabilities. Increases in processor speed and the development of industry-wide standards are removing obstacles to the proliferation of universal scripting languages in GIS applications.This paper examines the feasibility, architecture and early results of the building of a framework of object-oriented modules for Perl that is designed to provide uniform access to various sources of spatial data from Perl scripts. The framework is independent of any particular GIS application and thus based on the object model detailed in the Abstract Specification by The OpenGIS Consortium. The framework is intended to be used for rapid application development, gluing various software components together and prototyping.
Adaptive Silouette Extraction and Human Tracking in Complex and Dynamic Environments (2006)

Extracting a human silhouette from an image is the enabling step for many high-level vision processing tasks, such as human tracking and activity analysis. Although there are a number of silhouette extraction and human tracking algorithms proposed in the literature, most approaches work efficiently only in constrained environments where the background is relatively simple and static. In this work, we propose to address the challenges in silhouette extraction and human tracking in a real-world unconstrained environment where the background is complex and dynamic. We extract features from image regions, accumulate the feature information over time, fuse the high-level knowledge with low-level features, and build a time-varying background model. We develop a fuzzy decision process to detach foreground moving objects from the human body. Our experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is very efficient and robust.
Extraction of vanilla oleoresin (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) with supercritical CO2 (2011)

Vanilla oleoresin is a widely used natural product, mainly used as flavor. In this work, the extraction of vanilla oleoresin using supercritical CO2 is evaluated. The main extraction parameters on the oleoresin yield and composition was determined, namely: pressure, temperature, particle size, and contact time. Results indicate that lower particle size favors mass transfer and oleoresin yield. High pressure and temperature also provide higher yields of vanilla oleoresin. Extreme conditions of pressure and temperature decrease the quality of vanillin possibly because of the degradation of some compounds. The maximum concentration of vanillin (97.35% w/w) is found at 408 bars and 40oC, with a mass yield of 5.82% after 40 minutes of dynamic extraction. The extraction of vanilla oleoresin with supercritical CO2 is possible, and optimizing the operational conditions may provide higher oleoresin yield with good vanillin concentration; an economic analysis would be needed to determine the best extraction time.
Adaptive weighted multi-criteria fuzzy query processing for web based real estate applications (2008)

This paper contains an e-commerce application on real estate business. The real estate business's momentum reasons because of two main reasons: First, gradually increasing number of online customers gets involved and second, investments from real estate industry. We employ an adaptive weighted multi-criteria fuzziness for the real estate web site for e-commerce. This study's first goal is to present the best service to all of the users of real estate web portals on the internet. There will be medium for real estate companies, individual realtors, proprietary property sellers, and customers. We are interested in a web-based real estate application, which also utilizes user specified subjective both fuzzy and hard search criteria on preference. It ranks all results to buyer's satisfaction.