gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF WETTABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN EXPERIMENTALLY AGED CORE (2008)

There are a number of laboratory procedures to alter or restore wettability to its original state after cleaning. It is important with these methods to establish a uniform distribution of wetting states in the core prior to SCAL testing. Earlier efforts to evaluate in-situ wettability distribution in samples aged under different procedures were based on spatial distribution of water imbibition and waterflooding to obtain a local Amott index. The local fluid saturation development was obtained by MRI or nuclear tracer techniques. Previous work has demonstrated relationships between NMR relaxation times of water and oil components that saturate a core and the wettability of the sample. NMR T2 measurements made in the presence of a fixed magnetic gradient field along the core’s longitudinal axis result in transverse slices of relaxation time distributions. The results may be used for 1D fluid saturation imaging purposes and local relaxation time-based wettability determination. Four core plugs were aged at elevated temperature using different methods; submersed in oil and by uni-directional and multi-directional flooding procedures. NMR T2 measurements obtained during a subsequent spontaneous brine imbibition showed distinct differences between core plugs aged differently with respect to the distribution of water saturation and relaxation time-based wettability indices, henceforth denoted T2 Wettability. Samples aged in an oil bath had lower wettability indices in both ends. Samples prepared by flooding the crude oil in one direction had a narrower range of water saturation and wettability indices with a slight trend of increasing water wetness towards the outlet end. Samples prepared by multi-directional flooding of the crude oil had the most uniform distributions of water saturation and T2 Wettability. For all samples the local Amott indices and the T2 Wettability correlated well.
Conformational Analysis of the Nucleotides A2'-5'A, A2'-5'A2'-5'A and A2'-5'U from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Circular Dichroism Studies (1981)

In recent publications A2'-5'A2'-5'A was found to be an inhibitor of protein synthesis. In this research conformational analysis of the 2'-5'-linked nucleotides A2'-5'A, A2'-5'A2'-5'A and A2'-5'U is reported. The complete 1H-NMR assignment of the three compounds is given. The degree and mode of base-base stacking is extracted from coupling constant data and circular dichroic (CD) spectra at various temperatures. The 2'-5' nucleotides surprisingly show a much stronger tendency to stack than the 3'-5' compounds. At 85 degrees C A2'-5'A occurs for about 50% in stacked states. The mode of stacking is different from 3'-5'ribonucleotides where the sugar rings predominantly adopt an N conformation. A2'-5'U displays an A(S)2'-5'U(N) stacked state. In A2'-5'A 'mixed' modes of stacking, i.e. NN, NS, SN and SS, are proposed to account for the CD and NMR observations.
Reconciliation/Versöhnung auf dem Balkan : eine Bestandsaufnahme (2004)

"Berichte über Konflikte und Gewalt in den Medien lenken immer wieder die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Staaten Südosteuropas. Tatsächlich ist Südosteuropa seit jeher als Krisenherd bekannt. Nach der Zeit von Auseinandersetzungen und Kriegen muss die Region einen Weg zurück in den Alltag finden. Um diesen Prozess zu unterstützen, haben sich viele Staaten gefunden, die sich neben der Europäischen Union um eine friedliche Konfliktlösung, den Wiederaufbau der zerstörten Infrastruktur und auch um ein friedliches Miteinander auf der Basis von Vertrauen bemühen. Um 'Frieden und Demokratie, aber auch die Achtung der Menschenrechte und ökonomischen Wohlstand zu fördern, um anhaltende Stabilität in der ganzen Region zu erhalten' wurde 1999 der Stabilitätspakt gegründet. Wie unsicher die Lage in diesen Staaten ist und wie schnell die oberflächlich ruhige Stimmung in Hass und Misstrauen umschlagen kann, zeigten erst die Vorfälle im Kosovo. Eine Versöhnung ist dringender denn je." (Autorenreferat)
Marked Response to 177Lu Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Treatment in Patient With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2015)

We present pretreatment Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT and posttreatment Lu-PSMA whole-body scintigraphy images of a 60-year-old patient with metastatic prostate cancer who is dramatically responding to Lu-PSMA treatment.
Fluorescent tumour imaging of type I IGF receptor in vivo: comparison of antibody-conjugated quantum dots and small-molecule fluorophore (2009)

Taken together, our data suggest that small-molecule fluorophores, not QDs, are suitable to detect the expression and downregulation of IGF1R in vivo.
Clinical guideline for male lower urinary tract symptoms (2009)

This article is a shortened version of the clinical guideline for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which has been developed in Japan for symptomatic men aged 50 years and over irrespective of presumed diagnoses. The guideline was formed on the PubMed database between 1995 and 2007 and other relevant sources. The causes of male LUTS are diverse and attributable to diseases/dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract, prostate, nervous system, and other organ systems, with benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder dysfunction, polyuria, and their combination being most common. The mandatory assessment should comprise medical history, physical examination, urinalysis, and measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen. Symptom and quality of life questionnaires, bladder diary, residual urine measurement, urine cytology, urine culture, measurement of serum creatinine, and urinary tract ultrasonography would be optional tests. The Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score Questionnaire may be useful in quickly capturing important symptoms. Severe symptoms, pain symptoms, and other clinical problems would indicate urological referral. One should be careful not to overlook underlying diseases such as infection or malignancy. The treatment should be initiated with conservative therapy and/or medicine such as alpha(1)-blockers. Treatment with anticholinergic agents should be reserved only for urologists, considering the risk of urinary retention. The present guideline should help urologists and especially non-urologists treat men with LUTS.
Sustainable polyesters for powder coating applications from recycled PET, isosorbide and succinic acid (2013)

A new method for the synthesis of polyesters that combines the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with the use of monomers derived from renewable resources, such as isosorbide and succinic acid, has been developed. A kinetic study has been performed in order to determine the best catalyst for PET depolymerisation with isosorbide and for the subsequent polycondensation of PET oligomers with succinic acid. Using the correct amounts of isosorbide and succinic acid it is possible to obtain polymers which well fit the properties (glass transition temperature and end-group composition) necessary for powder coating applications. The coating produced using this new environmentally friendly approach presents applicative properties similar, and in some cases superior, to those of a commercial coating obtained from non-renewable resources.
Crystallographic characterization of the conformation of the 1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid residue in simple derivatives and peptides (1988)

The crystal structures of 1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (H-Acc6-OH) and six derivatives (including dipeptides) have been determined. The derivatives are Boc-Acc6-OH, Boc-(Acc6)2-OH, Boc-L-Met-Acc6-OMe, ClCH2CO-Acc6-OH, p-BrC6H4CO-Acc6-OH oxazolone, and the symmetrical anhydride from Z-Acc6-OH, [(Z-Acc6)2O]. The cyclohexane rings in all the structures adopt an almost perfect chair conformation. The amino group occupies the axial position in six structures; the free amino acid is the only example where the carbonyl group occupies an axial position. The values determined for the torsion angles about the N–Cα(φ) and Cα–CO (ψ) bonds correspond to folded, potentially helical conformations for the Acc6 residue.
On the Use of Concurrent Multipath Transfer over Asymmetric Paths (2010)

With the deployment of more and more resilience-critical Internet applications, there is a rising demand for multi-homed network sites. This leads to the desire for simultaneously utilising all available access paths to improve application data throughput. This is commonly known as Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT); approaches for several Transport Layer protocols have been proposed. Combined with Resource Pooling (RP), CMT can also fairly coexist with concurrent non-CMT flows. Current approaches focus on symmetric paths (i.e. similar bandwidth, delay and error rate). However, asymmetric paths are much more likely - particularly for realistic Internet setups - and efficient CMT usage on such paths is therefore crucial. In this paper, we first show the challenges of plain as well as RP-aware CMT data transport over asymmetric paths. After that, we introduce mechanisms for efficient transport over such paths. Finally, we analyse the performance of our approaches by using simulations.
A Survey on Energy Efficient Narrowband Internet of Things (NBIoT): Architecture, Application and Challenges (2018)

The advancement of technologies over years has poised Internet of Things (IoT) to scoop out untapped information and communication technology opportunities. It is anticipated that IoT will handle the gigantic network of billions of devices to deliver plenty of smart services to the users. Undoubtedly, this will make our life more resourceful but at the cost of high energy consumption and carbon footprint. Consequently, there is a high demand for green communication to reduce energy consumption, which requires optimal resource availability and controlled power levels. In contrast to this, IoT devices are constrained in terms of resources-memory, power, and computation. Low power wide area (LPWA) technology is a response to the need for efficient utilization of power resource, as it evinces characteristics such as the capability to proffer low power connectivity to a huge number of devices spread over wide geographical areas at low cost. Various LPWA technologies, such as LoRa and SigFox, exist in the market, offering a proficient solution to the users. However, in order to abstain the need of new infrastructure (like base station) that is required for proprietary technologies, a new cellular-based licensed technology, narrowband IoT (NBIoT), is introduced by 3GPP in Rel-13. This technology presents a good candidature to handle LPWA market because of its characteristics like enhanced indoor coverage, low power consumption, latency insensitivity, and massive connection support towards NBIoT. This survey presents a profound view of IoT and NBIoT, subsuming their technical features, resource allocation, and energy-efficiency techniques and applications. The challenges that hinder the NBIoT path to success are also identified and discussed. In this paper, two novel energy-efficient techniques “zonal thermal pattern analysis” and energy-efficient adaptive health monitoring system have been proposed towards green IoT.
Problems (1994)

D. M. Bloom, Doru Popescu Anastasiu, Vaclav Konecny, Arthur L. Holshouser, Benjamin G. Klein, Christos Athanasiadis, Murray S. Klamkin, Herbert Gulicher, Ismor Fischer, Cristian Turcu, Walter Blumberg, Syd Bulman-Fleming, Edward T. H. Wang, David Callan, Florin S. Pirvanescu, Jiro Fukuta, Randall K. Campbell-Wright, Nick Lord, Michael Golomb, Yuanan Diao, Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 67, No. 5 (Dec., 1994), pp. 384-390
Data structure models for programming languages (1971)

This paper introduces a class of models (information structure models) for characterizing computations in terms of the data structures to which they give rise during execution, shows how such models can be used to characterize automata, digital computers and programming languages, considers in some detail the data structures generated during the execution of programs in block structure languages, develops a model for a non-block structure language (SNOBOL 4) and indicates how information structure models may be used in the semantic definition and formal characterization of programming languages. Sections 1 and 2 discuss the reasons for studying the relation between data structures and programming languages, section 3 introduces the notion of an information structure model and considers the classification of interpreters, and section 4 shows how automata, computers and programming languages may be characterized as sequential information structure models. Section 5 underlines the importance of introducing cells and references as semantic primitives of computational models. Section 6 develops models of implementation of block structure languages, section 7 considers the limitations of stack structure, and section 8 considers the hardware realization of block structure implementation of the Burroughs B6500. Section 9 develops an information structure model for the non-block structure language SNOBOL 4, while section 10 briefly discusses information structure models of language definition and the use of information structure models in proofs that programs have certain property. A final subsection considers the relative merits of axiomatic definition versus implementation-dependent definition of programming languages.
A systematic review and mixed treatment comparison of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of obesity (2012)

The study aims to compare anti-obesity interventions in a single evidence synthesis framework. Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of orlistat, rimonabant or sibutramine reporting weight or body mass index (BMI) change from baseline at 3, 6 or 12 months. A mixed treatment comparison was used to combine direct and indirect trial evidence. Ninety-four studies involving 24,808 individuals were included; 83 trials included data on weight change and 41 on BMI change. All results are in comparison with placebo. The active drugs were all effective at reducing weight and BMI. At 3 months, orlistat reduced weight by -2.65 kg (95% credibility interval -4.00 kg, -1.31 kg). For sibutramine, 15 mg gave a greater reduction than 10 mg at 12 months, -6.35 kg versus -5.42 kg, respectively. Rimonabant reduced weight by -11.23 kg at 3 months and -4.55 kg at 12 months. Lifestyle advice alone also reduced weight at 6 and 12 months, but was less effective than the pharmacological interventions. In conclusion, modest weight reductions were seen for all pharmacological interventions. Those interventions which have now been withdrawn from use (sibutramine and rimonabant) seem to be the most effective, implying that there may be a place in clinical practice for similar drugs if side effects could be avoided.
Cross-Reactive Arrays Based on Three-Way Junctions (2003)

We report herein a novel system for the parallel processing of molecular recognition events utilizing arrays of oligonucleotide-based fluorescent sensors to characterize hydrophobic molecules in solution. The binding domains of the sensors were based on three-way junctions that utilize double helical stems as framework regions to reliably fold regardless of variations in or around the binding domain. A reporting domain was introduced by the specific substitution of a single phosphodiester group with a phosphorothioate, followed by selective functionalization with a fluorophore. The sensors were organized into cross-reactive arrays to yield characteristic fingerprints for samples containing hydrophobic molecules. The fingerprints can be used to characterize steroids in solution, including complex biologically important fluids. Arrays have the potential for clinical applications such as the detection of gross errors in steroidogenesis.
Facile Mechanosynthesis of Amorphous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (2011)

A fast and efficient mechanosynthesis (ball-milling) method of preparing amorphous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) from different starting materials is discussed. Using X-ray total scattering, N(2) sorption analysis, and gas pycnometry, these frameworks are indistinguishable from one another and from temperature-amorphized ZIFs. Gas sorption analysis also confirms that they are nonporous once formed, in contrast to activated ZIF-4, which displays interesting gate-opening behavior. Nanoparticles of a prototypical nanoporous substituted ZIF, ZIF-8, were also prepared and shown to undergo amorphization.
2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Executive Summary (2014)

The writing
Radio Method for the Precise Measurement of the Rotation Period of the Earth (1967)

Radio interferometry with independent high-precision clocks, without a high-frequency communication channel between the stations, is now a possibility. It allows the stations to be as far apart as the earth can accommodate. This then makes the radio band from 10- to 60-centimeters wavelength the best frequency range for high-precision angular measurements, since the variability of the atmosphere is less disturbing there than in the optical band.
Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? (2020)

The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (<i>i</i>) neutralising antibodies, (<i>ii</i>) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (<i>iii</i>) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
Lipopolysaccharide induces phosphorylation of MAD3 and activation of c-Rel and related NF-kappa B proteins in human monocytic THP-1 cells (1993)

Many effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gene expression, including that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in monocytic cells are mediated by activation of kappa B DNA-binding proteins. However, the specific members of the NF-kappa B/Rel transcription factor family involved in the LPS response, and the mechanisms through which LPS-generated signals are transduced remain unclear. Here we show that LPS induces nuclear expression of c-Rel/p50 heterodimers as well as p50/p65 (NF-kappa B) kappa B DNA-binding complexes in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Nuclear localization of these proteins occurred concomitantly with a rapid decrease in their cytosolic levels and was independent of phorbol ester-sensitive protein kinase C. Within 24 h following LPS stimulation there was a striking increase in the levels of c-Rel, p105, and p50 in the cytosol. The increased levels of these proteins correlated with increases in the amounts of their mRNAs during LPS activation of THP-1 cells. LPS activation of THP-1 cells resulted in phosphorylation of MAD3 (an I kappa B-like protein), a rapid increase in MAD3 mRNA, and an increase in MAD3 protein by 2 h. Thus, LPS activation of human monocytic cells results in nuclear expression of c-Rel/p50 and p50/p65 (NF-kappa B) and induces phosphorylation of MAD3.
Development of miniaturized piezoelectric actuators for optical applications realized using LIGA technology (1999)

To combine the advantages of the LIGA technology and piezoelectric materials, first prototypes of movable elastic LIGA structures have been realized on piezoelectric substrates. The structures consist of a flexible beam fixed to the piezoelectric substrate at its two ends in order to amplify the d/sub 31/-contraction of the piezoelectric substrate. By using this flexible LIGA beam as a magnification mechanism, the small displacements of the piezoelectric substrate are amplified by more than a factor of 20, offering various possibilities of applications, especially in micro-optics. In this paper, first the fabrication process and the performance of these new prototypes of LIGA piezoelectric actuators are described in detail, demonstrating the feasibility of the new concept combining the LIGA technique and piezoelectric substrates. Subsequently, LIGA-piezoelectric actuators developed for micro-optical applications are presented. These new optical actuators are also based on an elastic beam but slightly modified in order to modulate light propagating in optical fibers. They find promising applications as micro-optical attenuators or choppers whose performance is demonstrated.
Breathing patterns and cardiovascular autonomic modulation during hypoxia induced by simulated altitude (2001)

Well-performed slow yogic breathing maintains better blood oxygenation without increasing VE (i.e. seems to be a more efficient breathing) and reduces sympathetic activation during altitude-induced hypoxia.
Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease: prospects for its integrative management. (2001)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is aptly named for the many scars it produces in the brain and spinal cord. A sometimes fatal, often debilitating disease, MS features autoimmune inflammatory attack against the myelin insulation of neurons. Thymus derived (T) cells sensitized against myelin self-antigens secrete tumor necrosis factor, cytokines, prostaglandins, and other inflammatory mediators that strip away the myelin and sometimes destroy the axons. Familial and twin inheritance studies indicate MS is mildly heritable. No single MS locus has been identified, but an HLA haplotype has been implicated. Unique geographic distribution of the disease is best attributed to some combination of vitamin D abnormality and dietary patterns. No pharmaceutical or other therapies exist that confer prolonged remission on MS, and obvious interrelationships between toxic, infectious, and dietary factors make a persuasive case for integrative management. The time-proven MS diet meticulously keeps saturated fats low, includes three fish meals per week, and eliminates allergenic foods. Dietary supplementation for MS minimally requires potent vitamin supplementation, along with the thiol antioxidants, the anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, and adaptogenic phytonutrients. Gut malabsorption and dysbiosis can be corrected using digestive enzymes and probiotics. Long-term hyperbaric oxygen therapy can slow or remit the disease. Transdermal histamine offers promise, and adenosine monophosphate may sometimes benefit. Chronic viruses and other infectious load must be aggressively treated and exercise should maintain muscle tone and balance. Early intervention with integrative modalities has the potential to make MS a truly manageable disease.