gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup>FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Treg cells by the PC61 anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody is mediated by FcγRIII<sup>+</sup> phagocytes (2009)

Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Treg using PC61 mAb (anti-murine CD25 rat IgG1) is widely used to characterize Treg function in vivo. However, the mechanism of Treg depletion remains largely unknown. Herein, we report the PC61 mAb's mechanism of action. In peripheral blood, a single injection of PC61 mAb eliminated approximately 70% of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) cells with the remaining Treg expressing low or no CD25. Functional blockade of Fcgamma receptors with 2.4G2 mAb significantly inhibited PC61 mAb activity. Furthermore, Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR)III(-/-) mice were resistant to Treg depletion. FcgammaRIII is expressed on immune cells including NK cells and macrophages that are the major effector cells for Ab-dependent-cellular-cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent-cellular-phagocytosis, respectively. Depletion of NK cells had no effect, whereas depletion of phagocytes, including macrophages, by clodronate liposome significantly inhibited Treg depletion. Furthermore, in vitro, PC61 mAb can mediate Ab-dependent-cellular-phagocytosis of CD25(+) cells by WT or FcgammaRIIB(-/-), but not FcgammaRIII(-/-), macrophages. Altogether these data demonstrate the critical role of FcgammaRIII(+) phagocytes in mediating Treg depletion by PC61 mAb. This finding may be useful in guiding the development of human Treg targeting therapy.
Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Enhances Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Expression by Fetal Rat Dermal Fibroblasts (1997)

Interactions between cells of differing embryonic origins comprise a common theme during tissue development and repair. Often, communication between them can be mediated by soluble growth mediators and in some cases is restricted in focus. That is, some cells respond to, but do not produce, mediators expressed by other cells within the tissue. Because keratinocytes respond to but do not express insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), another skin cell population, the dermal fibroblast, may supply this factor. However, keratinocytes express, but do not respond to parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrp), which increases cAMP production by dermal fibroblasts. Based on earlier results where inducers of cAMP increase local IGF-I expression in skeletal tissue, we postulated that PTHrp might induce local IGF-I by dermal fibroblasts and provide a source of this factor for keratinocyte activity. Our studies reveal that IGF-I mRNA and protein levels increase in response to PTHrp in vitro, and that this effect is replicated by inducers of cAMP, but not by activators of protein kinase C. Consequently, these factors appear to comprise a paracrine loop within the skin, permitting focused but restricted IGF-I expression to support skin growth, remodeling, or repair.
Probing the Effects of Membrane Cholesterol in the Torpedo californica Acetylcholine Receptor and the Novel Lipid-exposed Mutation αC418W in XenopusOocytes (2001)

The effects of cholesterol on the ion-channel function of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the novel lipid-exposed gain in function alpha C418W mutation have been investigated in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We found conditions to increase the cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) molar ratio on the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes from 0.5 to 0.87, without significant physical damage or change in morphology to the oocytes. In addition, we developed conditions to deplete endogenous cholesterol from oocytes using a methyl-beta-cyclodextrin incubation procedure without causing membrane instability of the cells. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin was also used to examine the reversibility of the inhibitory effect of cholesterol on AChR function. Depletion of 43% of endogenous cholesterol from oocytes (C/P = 0.3) did not show any significant change in macroscopic response of the wild type, whereas in the alpha C418W mutant the same cholesterol depletion caused a dramatic gain-in-function response of this lipid-exposed mutation in addition to the increased response caused by the mutation itself. Increasing the C/P ratio to 0.87 caused an inhibition of the macroscopic response of the Torpedo wild type of about 52%, whereas the alpha C418W mutation showed an 81% inhibition compared with the responses of control oocytes. The wild type receptor did not recover from this inhibition when the excess cholesterol was depleted to near normal C/P ratios; however, the alpha C418W mutant displayed 63% of the original current, which indicates that the inhibition of this lipid-exposed mutant was significantly reversed. The ability of the alpha C418W mutation to recover from the inhibition caused by cholesterol enrichment suggests that the interaction of cholesterol with this lipid-exposed mutation is significantly different from that of the wild type. The present data demonstrate that a single lipid-exposed position in the AChR could alter the modulatory effect of cholesterol on AChR function.
Synthesen mit heterocyclischen Aminen, V. Weitere Reaktionen mit 5‐Oxo‐pyrazolo‐pyrimidinen (1971)

Abstract Die bereits aufgrund der Spektren zugeordnete Struktur von 5‐Oxo‐7‐phenyl‐4.5‐dihydropyrazolo[1.5‐ a ]pyrimidin ( 1c ) wird durch Überführung in 5‐Phenyl‐pyrazolo[1.5‐α]tetrazolo[1.5‐ c ]pyrimidin ( 4 ) und in 5‐Phenyl‐pyrazolo[1.5‐ a ]‐ s ‐triazolo[4.3‐ c ]pyrimidin ( 6 ) gesichert. 4 ist thermostabil und entsteht auch durch 1.5‐Dipolare Cyclisierung von 5‐Azido‐7‐phenyl‐pyrazolo[1.5‐ a ]pyrimidin ( 7 ).
High Performance Random Pulser Based on Photon Counting (1986)

A random pulser featuring high stability, wide range, and good randomness is described. Change of the mean rate per 50°C change of the ambient temperature is less than 0.01%. The mean rate is variable from 10 pps to more than 10 Mpps with good randomness.
Bone homeostasis (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Tumor-Associated Trypsinogen-2 (Trypsinogen-2) Activates Procollagenases (MMP-1, -8, -13) and Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) and Degrades Type I Collagen (2003)

A critical step in cancer growth and metastasis is the dissolution of the extracellular matrix surrounding the malignant tumor, which leads to tumor cell invasion and dissemination. Type I collagen degradation involves the initial action of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -8, and -13) activated by MMP-3 (stromelysin-1). The role of interactive matrix serine proteinases (MSPs), including tumor-associated trypsinogens, has been unclear in collagenolysis. Now, we provide evidence that the major isoenzyme of human tumor-associated trypsinogens, trypsin-2, can directly activate three collagenolytic proMMPs as well as proMMP-3. These proMMP activations are inhibited by tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI). Furthermore, we demonstrate that trypsin-2 efficiently degrades native soluble type I collagen, which can be inhibited by TATI. However, cell culture studies showed that trypsin-2 transfection into the HSC-3 cell line did not result in MMP-1, -3, -8, and -13 activation but affected MMP-3 and -8 production at the protein level. These findings indicate that human trypsin-2 can be regarded as a potent tumor-associated matrix serine protease capable of being the initial activator of the collagenolytic MMP activation network as well as directly attacking type I collagen.
Trm2p-dependent derepression is essential for methanol-specific gene activation in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii (2010)

We identified a gene, designated TRM2, responsible for methanol-inducible gene expression in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii. The encoded protein Trm2p contains two C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger motifs near the N terminus and shows high similarity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adr1p and Pichia pastoris Mxr1p. A C. boidinii gene-disrupted strain (trm2Delta) could not grow on methanol or oleate, but could grow on glucose or ethanol. Trm2p was necessary for the activation of five methanol-inducible promoters tested. Trm2p was localized to the nucleus during growth on nonfermentable carbon sources, but to the cytosol during growth on glucose. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Trm2p specifically bound to the promoters of the alcohol oxidase gene (AOD1) and the dihydroxyacetone synthase gene in cells grown on methanol or oleate, but did not bind to these promoters in cells grown on glucose. The derepressed level of expression of AOD1, which was observed in the trm1Delta strain (the TRM1 gene encodes a transcription factor responsible for methanol-specific gene activation), was decreased in the trm1Deltatrm2Delta strain to a level similar to that observed in the trm2Delta strain. These results suggest that Trm2p-dependent derepression is essential for the Trm1p-dependent methanol-specific gene activation in C. boidinii.
Design and Synthesis of a Calcium‐Sensitive Photocage (2016)

Photolabile protecting groups (or "photocages") enable precise spatiotemporal control of chemical functionality and facilitate advanced biological experiments. Extant photocages exhibit a simple input-output relationship, however, where application of light elicits a photochemical reaction irrespective of the environment. Herein, we refine and extend the concept of photolabile groups, synthesizing the first Ca(2+) -sensitive photocage. This system functions as a chemical coincidence detector, releasing small molecules only in the presence of both light and elevated [Ca(2+) ]. Caging a fluorophore with this ion-sensitive moiety yields an "ion integrator" that permanently marks cells undergoing high Ca(2+) flux during an illumination-defined time period. Our general design concept demonstrates a new class of light-sensitive material for cellular imaging, sensing, and targeted molecular delivery.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 2‐Aroylbenzoic Acids, III. 2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)benzoic Acid (1983)

Abstract Friedel‐Crafts 2‐carboxbenzoylation of 2,6‐xylenol with phthalic anhydride resulted in the formation of a new p ‐acylphenol type compound: 2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)benzoic acid ( 1 ) (74% yield). Similar reactions of 2,6‐xylenol with tetrabromo‐ and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride gave the benzoic acid derivatives 13 and 14 , respectively. Another practical and efficient (93%) method for preparation of compound 1 was semi‐Stieglitz rearrangement of the known 3,3‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl)phthalide ( 9 ). Reactions of the acid 1 have been investigated, leading to its derivatives 2–12 .
To scan or not to scan, it is a question of timing: technetium-99m-annexin V radionuclide imaging assessment of treatment efficacy after one course of chemotherapy. (2002)

Doctor Belhocine and his group have conducted a seminal Phase I study correlating 99mTc-rh-annexin[2][1] V imaging with clinical outcome in patients with late-stage lung cancer and lymphoma within 1–3 days after chemotherapy [(1)][2] . The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are quite
OSNR Monitoring for PM-QPSK Systems With Large Inline Chromatic Dispersion Using Artificial Neural Network Technique (2012)

We propose an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring technique for polarization-multiplexed (PM) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) systems with large inline chromatic dispersion (CD) based on artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. The transmitted signal is directly detected, and part of the corresponding radio frequency spectrum is used as the input to ANN. Simulation results for 112-Gb/s PM return-to-zero QPSK systems demonstrate an OSNR monitoring range of 12–24 dB in presence of CD up to 27000 ps/nm with a maximum monitoring error of 0.84 dB. Tolerance of the proposed technique on polarization-mode dispersion effects is also investigated.
Evidence-Based Practice in Rehabilitation Nursing (2007)

How to use research is a learned skill. With this skill rehabilitation nurses can help ensure that their practice is based on the best evidence available. Evidence-based practice is a balance of using external research-based clinical evidence and clinical expertise. The purpose of this article is to show rehabilitation nurses how to build the skills for using evidence, rather than just doing research. This involves asking questions, finding and appraising relevant data, and putting that information into everyday practice. When evidence-based practice is merged into a clinician's daily routine, the result is a more analytical and, ultimately, effective clinical practice.
Electrochemical oxidation of acylsilanes and their tosylhydrazones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical oxidation of acylsilanes and their tosylhydrazonesJunichi Yoshida, Masanori Itoh, Shinichiro Matsunaga, and Sachihiko IsoeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 18, 4877–4882Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00044a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00044a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Application of Solar Energy for Recovery of Water from Atmospheric Air in Climatic Zones of Saudi Arabia (2011)

In the present work, an investigation on the application of solar energy to heat a sandy bed impregnated with calcium chloride for recovery of water from atmospheric air is presented. The study also aimed at evaluating the effects of different parameters on the productivity of the system during regeneration. These parameters include system design characteristics and the climatic conditions. An experimental unit has been designed and installed for this purpose in climatic conditions of Taif area, Saudi Arabia. The experimental unit which has a surface area of 0.5 m2, comprises a solar/desiccant collector unit containing sandy bed impregnated with calcium chloride. The sandy layer impregnated with desiccant is subjected to ambient atmosphere to absorb water vapor in the night. During the sunshine period, the layer is covered with glass layer where desiccant is regenerated and water vapor is condensed on the glass surface. Ambient temperature, bed temperature and temperature of glass surface are recorded. Also, the productivity of the system has been evaluated. Desiccant concentration at start of regeneration is selected on the basis of the climatic data of Al-Hada region, which is located at Taif area, Saudi Arabia. Experimental measurements show that about 1.0 liter per m2 of pure water can be regenerated from the desiccant bed at the climatic conditions of Taif. Liquid desiccant with initial concentration of 30% can be regenerated to a final concentration of about 44%. Desiccant concentration at start of regeneration is selected on the basis of the climatic data of Al-Hada region. The climate of Taif city is dry compared with that for Al-Hada region. This method for extracting water from atmospheric air is more suitable for Al-Hada region especially in the fall and winter.
Structural Insights into the Target Specificity of Plant Invertase and Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitory Proteins (2004)

Pectin methylesterase (PME) and invertase are key enzymes in plant carbohydrate metabolism. Inhibitors of both enzymes constitute a sequence family of extracellular proteins. Members of this family are selectively targeted toward either PME or invertase. In a comparative structural approach we have studied how this target specificity is implemented on homologous sequences. By extending crystallographic work on the invertase inhibitor Nt-CIF to a pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) from Arabidopsis thaliana, we show an alpha-helical hairpin motif to be an independent and mobile structural entity in PMEI. Removal of this hairpin fully inactivates the inhibitor. A chimera composed of the alpha-hairpin of PMEI and the four-helix bundle of Nt-CIF is still active against PME. By contrast, combining the corresponding segment of Nt-CIF with the four-helix bundle of PMEI renders the protein inactive toward either PME or invertase. Our experiments provide insight in how these homologous inhibitors can make differential use of similar structural modules to achieve distinct functions. Integrating our results with previous findings, we present a model for the PME-PMEI complex with important implications.
Preparation and surface active properties of terminal amide type of alcohol ethoxylates (1989)

Abstract Three kinds of title amide compounds with different terminal structures (N‐unsubstituted amide, N,N‐dimethylamide and acylmorpholine) were prepared from alkyl tetra(oxyethylene) monoethers (alkyl: decyl or dodecyl). The cloud points of the N,N‐dimethylamides and acylmorpholines were higher than the other corresponding alcohol ethoxylate derivatives previously developed by us, and all these amides inclusive of N‐unsubstituted amides had sufficient hydrophilicity. Surface active properties (CMC, γ CMC and foaming properties) of these amides in pure water and in hard water (1000 ppm of total hardness as CaCO 3 ) were almost the same and considered excellent as nonionic surfactants. Furthermore, they showed good lime‐soap dispersing ability.
BasisDetect (2010)

The ability to detect unexpected events in large networks can be a significant benefit to daily network operations. A great deal of work has been done over the past decade to develop effective anomaly detection tools, but they remain virtually unused in live network operations due to an unacceptably high false alarm rate. In this paper, we seek to improve the ability to accurately detect unexpected network events through the use of BasisDetect, a flexible but precise modeling framework. Using a small dataset with labeled anomalies, the BasisDetect framework allows us to define large classes of anomalies and detect them in different types of network data, both from single sources and from multiple, potentially diverse sources. Network anomaly signal characteristics are learned via a novel basis pursuit based methodology. We demonstrate the feasibility of our BasisDetect framework method and compare it to previous detection methods using a combination of synthetic and real-world data. In comparison with previous anomaly detection methods, our BasisDetect methodology results show a 50% reduction in the number of false alarms in a single node dataset, and over 65% reduction in false alarms for synthetic network-wide data.
Inactivation of Giardia muris and indicator organisms seeded in surface water supplies by PEROXONE and ozone (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInactivation of Giardia muris and indicator organisms seeded in surface water supplies by PEROXONE and ozoneRoy L. Wolfe, Mic H. Stewart, Karen N. Scott, and Michael J. McGuireCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 6, 744–745Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00064a015https://doi.org/10.1021/es00064a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
On the prediction of Java object lifetimes (2006)

Accurately predicting object lifetimes is important for improving memory management systems. Current garbage collectors make relatively coarse-grained predictions (e.g., "short-lived" versus "long-lived") and rely on application-independent heuristics related to the local characteristics of an allocation. This paper introduces a prediction method which is fully precise and makes its predictions based on application-specific training rather than application-independent heuristics. By "fully precise" we mean that the granularity of predictions is equal to the smallest unit of allocation. The method described is the first to combine high precision and efficiency in a single lifetime predictor. Fully precise prediction enables us, for the first time, to study zero-lifetime objects. The paper reports results showing that zero-lifetime objects comprise a significant fraction of object allocations in benchmark programs for the Java programming language and that they are correlated with their allocation context (the call stack and allocation site). Beyond zero-lifetime objects, the paper reports results on predicting longer lived objects, where, in some cases, it is possible to predict the lifetime of objects based on their allocation context (the call stack and allocation site) well. For the SPEC benchmark programs, the number of dynamically allocated objects whose call sites have accurate predictors ranges from 0.2 percent to 61 percent. This method could potentially improve the performance of garbage collectors. The paper proposes a death-ordered collector (DOC) and analyzes its implementation overheads and its best possible performance. The study shows how memory performance could be enhanced using the extra information provided by fully precise prediction.