gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIQUID TREATMENTS OF COMMERCIAL CALCIUM CHLORIDE IN WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCE (1970)

TWO EXPERIMENTS ARE DESCRIBED USING LIQUID SOLUTIONS OF A COMMERCIAL CALCIUM CHLORIDE TYPE 77-80, ON HIGHWAY 26 AND HIGHWAY 26 EXPRESS FROM THE MONT BLANC TUNNEL IN THE AOSTA VALLEY AND ON HIGHWAY 242 TO GARDENA VALLEY ON THE OCCASION OF THE 1970 MONDIAL SKI CHAMPIONSHIP. THESE EXPERIMENTS WERE PRECEDED BY A METEOROLOGIC STUDY, IN WHICH THE ROAD WAS DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS CORRESPONDING TO 3 DIFFERENT ALTIMETRICAL BELTS FROM SOME HUNDREDS OF METERS TO 1,400 M ELEVATION AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE TUNNEL ON THE ITALIAN SIDE. THE TOTAL ANNUAL AVERAGE SNOWFALL FORECAST WAS 170 CM. FOR ONE EXPERIMENT, A 15-KM SECTION WAS CHOSEN BETWEEN THE TUNNEL AND MORGEX WHERE, EVEN IF THE SLOPE IS NOT EXCESSIVE, CARS MUST HAVE CHAINS OR CAMION TIRES.THE AMOUNTS USED WERE OF 10 GR/SQUARE M IN THE PREVENTIVE TREATMENTS AND 40 GR/SQUARE M IN THE MAINTENACE TREATMENTS. THE NUMERICAL RATIO AMONG THESE TYPES OF TREATMENTS WAS, ON THE AVERAGE, 1 TO 3. ALSO DESCRIBED IS THE GARDENA VALLEY EXPERIMENT AND THE MODIFICATIONS MADE TO THE EQUIPMENT. /AUTHOR/
Aerobic Glycolysis as a Marker of Tumor Aggressiveness: Preliminary Data in High Grade Human Brain Tumors (2015)

Our findings demonstrate that high-grade brain tumors exhibit elevated AG as a marker of tumor growth and aggressiveness. AG may detect areas of active tumor growth that are not evident on conventional FDG PET.
Using PXRD to investigate the crystallization of highly concentrated emulsions of NH 4 NO 3 : research article (2011)

The process of crystallization of highly concentrated emulsions of ammonium nitrate can be studied using powder X-ray diffraction. The dispersed particles comprise a supercooled aqueous solution of the ammonium nitrate salt and are dispersed in a paraffin-based oil. This results in a thermodynamically unstable system that 'ages' with time resulting in changes in rheological properties and its phase composition where the collapse of the supercooled aqueous solution forms the crystallized salt. The crystallization processes of these emulsions are kinetically slow and can take up to a few months to crystallize completely. The general approach to this type of analysis is to determine the change in crystalline diffraction peak intensities relative to the halo due to the amorphous content. However, there are a number of problems associated with this method which are addressed by using Rietveld refinement methods which can take into account factors such as preferred orientation, crystallite size variations and mixtures of solid phases. The study showed that the ammonium nitrate emulsions kept at room temperature slowly crystallize predominantly to the room temperature solid ammonium nitrate phase IV. However, depending on the formulations used some samples showed crystallization to the high temperature ammonium nitrate phase II before changing to phase IV. The crystallization change could be modelled by the well-known JMAK kinetic relationship.
Spatiotemporal QRST cancellation techniques for analysis of atrial fibrillation: methods and performance (2002)

A new approach to QRST cancellation in ECGs with atrial fibrillation is presented. The method compensates for morphological changes caused by variations in the electrical axis and uses linear transformations to combine multiple lead information. Based on an ECG database of 15 subjects with simulated atrial fibrillation, the authors' results show that the spatiotemporal technique produces QRST cancellation which is superior to that obtained by straightforward average beat subtraction (ABS). The average energy in QRST-related errors, as compared to ABS, was reduced to 58 percent. The performance results obtained for recorded ECGs containing atrial fibrillation agreed very well with those of the simulated AF signals.
Protein synthesis editing by a DNA aptamer. (1996)

Potential errors in decoding genetic information are corrected by tRNA-dependent amino acid recognition processes manifested through editing reactions. One example is the rejection of difficult-to-discriminate misactivated amino acids by tRNA synthetases through hydrolytic reactions. Although several crystal structures of tRNA synthetases and synthetase-tRNA complexes exist, none of them have provided insight into the editing reactions. Other work suggested that editing required active amino acid acceptor hydroxyl groups at the 3' end of a tRNA effector. We describe here the isolation of a DNA aptamer that specifically induced hydrolysis of a misactivated amino acid bound to a tRNA synthetase. The aptamer had no effect on the stability of the correctly activated amino acid and was almost as efficient as the tRNA for inducing editing activity. The aptamer has no sequence similarity to that of the tRNA effector and cannot be folded into a tRNA-like structure. These and additional data show that active acceptor hydroxyl groups in a tRNA effector and a tRNA-like structure are not essential for editing. Thus, specific bases in a nucleic acid effector trigger the editing response.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysts Based on Fluorinated Alcohol Derivatives for Living Polymerization (2009)

Recognize this! A hydrogen-bonding motif based on hexafluorinated alcohol derivatives (see picture; O red, F yellow) activates electrophilic substrates. The catalytic activity of the hydrogen-bonded systems was demonstrated for the ring-opening polymerization of a variety of strained heterocycles. Narrowly dispersed polymers with predictable molecular weights were obtained with end-group fidelity.
Production and Evaluation Criteria of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies to the Hemagglutinin of the H7N2 Subtype of Avian Influenza Virus (2000)

To enhance the rapidity in diagnosing the spread of avian influenza virus (AIV) in chicken layer flocks, studies were initiated to develop more sensitive and specific immunological and molecular methods for the detection of AIV. In this study, the purification of the hemagglutinin protein (H) from field isolates of H7N2, the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and their evaluation as diagnostic reagents are reported. Hybridomas were generated by fusion of SP2/0-Ag14 myelomas and spleen cells from immunized mice. Hybridomas secreting antibodies specific for the H protein were assayed by an ELISA and cloned using limiting dilution. The MAbs produced were characterized by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), immunohistochemistry (IHC), indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA), Western blots, and IFA flow cytometry using various AIV subtypes (i.e., H4N2, H5N3, H7N2). Of the various MAbs assayed, 6 had consistent and reproducible results in each of the assays used. The results obtained in this investigation enhanced the usage of the MAbs to viral H protein in the surveillance of AIV in chickens.
Tacrolimus treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (2003)

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease leading to a demand for long-term treatment control. Such treatment options have not previously been available--except for emollients which are not efficacious for controlling skin inflammation. Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are new treatment options, free from the potential side effects of topical steroids, which are known for their efficacy in short-term treatment. The new treatment modalities prevent the eczema from relapsing and at the same time they control active eczema. The future will see a shift towards the long-term use of tacrolimus which is able to control the skin inflammation and, hopefully, shorten the course of the eczema.
A decoupling control method of reluctance type bearingless motors considering magnetic saturation (2002)

The interference of torque component current of the motor to the radial position control of reluctance type bearingless motors is investigated. In order to cancel this interference, a decoupling control method has been proposed. With this method, machine parameters identification of radial force production is very important. It is shown that the radial force constants exhibit significant variations in accordance with the torque component current due to magnetic saturation. The parameter tuning of the decoupling compensator taking into account of the magnetic saturation is found to realize very stable operation in radial rotor position control.
BAP1/ASXL1 recruitment and activation for H2A deubiquitination (2016)

The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is an important tumor suppressor that has drawn attention in the clinic since its loss leads to a variety of cancers. BAP1 is activated by ASXL1 to deubiquitinate mono-ubiquitinated H2A at K119 in Polycomb gene repression, but the mechanism of this reaction remains poorly defined. Here we show that the BAP1 C-terminal extension is important for H2A deubiquitination by auto-recruiting BAP1 to nucleosomes in a process that does not require the nucleosome acidic patch. This initial encounter-like complex is unproductive and needs to be activated by the DEUBAD domains of ASXL1, ASXL2 or ASXL3 to increase BAP1's affinity for ubiquitin on H2A, to drive the deubiquitination reaction. The reaction is specific for Polycomb modifications of H2A as the complex cannot deubiquitinate the DNA damage-dependent ubiquitination at H2A K13/15. Our results contribute to the molecular understanding of this important tumor suppressor.
Trail Making Test in Assessing Children with Reading Disabilities: A Test of Executive Functions or Content Information (1997)

The speed of performance on Part A, Part B, and on an experimental version containing alphabetical series (Part A Alphabetic) of the Trail Making Test was studied with 19 children with reading disabilities and 34 controls from Grades 4 to 6. When the test was used in discriminant profile fashion, children with reading disabilities showed a deficit compared with control children on Part B relative to part A but did not relative to the new Part A Alphabetic. The results indicate that the performance of the children with reading disabilities on Part B is likely to be affected by their slowness on the alphabetical series. Based on these results we recommend that the speed of following the alphabetical series be assessed when using Part B of the Trail Making Test.
Feature Set Comparison For Multi-segment Face Recognition (1996)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper compares several methods of defining feature sets for face recognition, for the case where the face is divided into a number of segments. It extends earlier work by the author which demonstrated, for the single-segment case, that recognition performance is relatively insensitive to the method of feature selection even when features are generated from random combinations of training-set images.\n\t\t\t\t
Millimeter- and submillimeter-wave negative resistance SNS mixers (1999)

We have studied negative-resistance mixers both theoretically and experimentally. The current carried by the bound quasi-particles in the N-region of a mesoscopic SNS weak-link has a dc and cosine components. Current transport in the SNS weak-links is affected by bias-voltages in many experiments. The I-V curves often show complex structures including negative differential resistance which cannot be understood by the simple RSJ model. Supercurrent is directly affected both by the bias voltage and the density of states at the energy gap of superconductor. The supercurrent by the Multiple-Andreev-Reflection is considerably changed across subharmonic gap voltages because of the singularity of the density of state of superconductor near the energy gap. We have done mixer experiment of SNS weak-links and have observed IF peaks at subgap voltages which are caused by the negative differential resistance.
A modular analysis of network transmission protocols (2002)

We propose a new model for the analysis of data transmission protocols in lossy communication networks. The overall goal of a data transmission protocol is to successfully transmit a message from the sender to the receiver We study the performance of protocols in an adversarial setting where the loss pattern and latencies of packets are determined by an adversary. We advocate the modular decomposition of data transmission protocols into a time scheduling policy, which determines when packets are to be sent, and a data selection policy, which determines what data is to be placed in each sent packet. We concentrate on the data selection policy and require that the protocol will achieve high bandwidth utilization in transmitting any prefix of the transmitted message. The simple and universal data selection policy we introduce is provably close to optimal in the following sense: For any time scheduling policy and any network behavior in the worst case prefix measure our data selection policy performs as well as any other data selection policy up to a constant additive term. Our explicit modular decomposition of a transmission protocol into two policies should be contrasted with existing network protocols such as TCP/IP. Our result shows that the performance of the overall transmission protocol would not degrade in performance (and could improve dramatically) if it used our universal data selection policy in place of its own. We therefore reduce the problem of designing a data transmission protocol to the task of designing a time scheduling policy.
Design of compliance in robots (2003)

Because today's manipulators are generally limited to position-control functions and burdened by the excessive mass implicit in their machine-tool design assumptions, a novel design is proposed to overcome these limitations and lead to lighter, faster, and more useful robots. An elbow-manipulator design with highly geared motors is suggested in which the forelimb is made flexible in one plane, and is light in comparison to the loads. The compliant limb is located between kinematically redundant joints that can rotate the limb, thereby adjusting the manipulator end-point compliance. Nonlinear techniques can be used to augment vibration damping. Such a manipulator can carry out force-control and low-compliance tasks as well as conventional position-controlled functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Avances en inmunoterapia celular contra el melanoma maligno (2004)

An alternative strategy for cancer treatment is the manipulation of the immune system, denominated cancer immunotherapy. The immunotherapeutical use of cells of the immune system, like dendritic cells (DC), is being explored in different clinical protocols. Recently, we finalized a clinical phase I protocol, for the treatment of malignant melanoma, using DCs loaded with tumor lysates. Our results indicate that the subcutaneous application of DCs do not produce adverse effects. We also observed an increase of tumor specific T lymphocytes precursors in the blood, associated to hypersensitivity reactions (DTH) in 60% of the treated patients. In most cases, an stability in the disease was observed, although without a significant association between vaccination and survival. Additionally, therapies based on Interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been used with relative success in the treatment of some kind of tumors since 1985. However, problems associated to the toxicity of IL-2 still restrict its massive use. Our direct experience with the use of IL-2, indicates that low doses and its subcutaneous application, maintains the beneficial effects for patients, eliminating the adverse effects. Based on the accumulated evidence during last the five years, we decided to implement an optimized clinical protocol, which alternatively combines dendritic cells vaccines with the use of low doses of IL-2 for the reinforcement of the immunological system.
lin kui ci rui li fen pin wang luo (1996)

林奎茨一瑞利分频网络素以性能一致、幅度稳定面著称,其传输特性与两个串联的巴特沃斯滤波器相同。本电路是林奎茨一瑞利滤波器用于两路扬声器有源分频网络的例子,其分频频率为1kHz。它可以用一只四运放IC做成两路或三路扬声器分频系统,而且通过按比例选配电阻值,可以改成其它分频频率。
Economics of lifting sanctions on Iran (2015)

July has been unusually active for the global economy this year. First, there was Greece’s debt crisis, a referendum on the terms of a bailout, and ensuing negotiations over debt relief. Next, China’s stock market plunged by about 30 percent from its mid-June peak, stoking fears that the growth slowdown may be sharper than expected. Finally, Iran and the Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and Germany (P5+1) reached a deal on July 14, 2015 that limits Iranian nuclear activity in return for lifting all international sanctions that were placed on Iran.
Isolation of a cDNA Encoding Human Lysophosphatidic Acid Phosphatase That Is Involved in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Lipid Biosynthesis (1999)

In this study, we isolated cDNA encoding lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) phosphatase (LPAP). The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA encoding LPAP had 421 residues including a putative signal peptide and was homologous to acid phosphatase, especially at the active site. Human LPAP had 28.5% amino acid identity to human prostatic acid phosphatase. Northern blot analysis showed a ubiquitous expression of LPAP, which was marked in kidney, heart, small intestine, muscle, and liver. Human chromosome map obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridazation showed that the gene for LPAP was localized to chromosome 1 q21. The mutant in which histidine was replaced with alanine at the active site and the putative signal peptide-deleted LPAP had no LPA phosphatase activity. In addition, the putative signal peptide-deleted LPAP showed no mitochondrial localization. The site of intracellular localization of endogenous LPAP was also mitochondria in MDCK cells and differentiated C2C12 cells. The LPAP homologous phosphatase, human prostatic acid phosphatase, also has LPA phosphatase activity. LPAP-stable transfected NIH 3T3 cells showed less phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. These results suggested that LPAP regulates lipid metabolism in mitochondria via the hydrolysis of LPA to monoacylglycerol.
Broadband 15 µm source through type I and II noncollinear phase matching of an optical parametric oscillator (2005)

Broadband 1.5 µm sources are sought for a number of remote-sensing applications. A source with a bandwidth up to 300 nm (FWHM) is demonstrated on the basis of type I noncollinear phase matching of an optical parametric oscillator. A conversion efficiency, from 532 nm pump to broadband 1.5 µm, of 10% was achieved. The broadband output is angularly dispersed, a feature that is intrinsic to this approach. This was characterized, and methods of compensation were proposed. One of these is the use of type II phase matching, in which the angular dispersion is transferred to the other wave and the broadband output is collimated. This novel scheme has been demonstrated but was of low efficiency owing to a dominant, competing process.
Microchannel heat sinks for two-dimensional high-power-density diode laser arrays (1989)

The operation of a two-dimensional GaInAsP/InP diode laser array with CW power dissipation up to 500 W/cm/sup 2/ into a Si microchannel heat sink is discussed. The approximately 1*4-mm/sup 2/ laser array was used to characterize the heat sink, and the value of 0.040 degrees C cm/sup 2//W was obtained for the thermal resistance per unit area. The extrapolated value for a 1-cm/sup 2/ heated area is 0.070 degrees C cm/sup 2//W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic bioacoustic detection of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (2008)

The goal of this project is to research and develop a bio-acoustic automatic detector of a devastating pest attacking palm trees, which has recently appeared in Mediterranean countries. The method is based on piezoelectric sensors that are inserted in the tree trunk and record locomotion and feeding vibrations of the insect. The obtained signals are amplified, filtered, parameterized and automatically classified by advanced machine learning methods on a portable computer. We report excellent detection results reaching 99.5% on real-field recordings.
A Study on the Plasmonic Properties of Silver Core Gold Shell Nanoparticles: Optical Assessment of the Particle Structure (2011)

This paper reports a qualitative comparison between the optical properties of a set of silver core, gold shell nanoparticles with varying composition and structure to those calculated using the Mie solution. To achieve this, silver nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous phase from a silver hydroxide precursor with sodium acrylate as dual reducing–capping agent. The particles were then coated with a layer of gold with controllable thickness through a reduction–deposition process. The resulting nanoparticles reveal well defined optical properties that make them suitable for comparison to ideal calculated results using the Mie solution. The discussion focuses on the correlation between the synthesized core shell nanoparticles with varying Au shell thickness and the Mie solution results in terms of the optical properties. The results give insight in how to design and synthesize silver core, gold shell nanoparticles with controllable optical properties (e.g., SPR band in terms of intensity and position), and has implications in creating nanoparticle materials to be used as biological probes and sensing elements.
Design of an RF-DAC in 65nm CMOS for multistandard, multimode transmitters (2009)

This work presents a radiofrequency digital-to-analog converter (RF-DAC) in 65 nm CMOS. The RF-DAC combines DAC and mixer functionality in a single building block. It is the basis for a `direct-digital' vector modulator used in reconfigurable broadband multistandard transmitters for mobile communications. After introducing the basic idea of the RF-DAC, an appropriate transmitter architecture is discussed. Subsequently, a novel RF-DAC circuit implementation based on a Sooch cascode current mirror is presented. The design is optimized for high output power and high efficiency over a broad output power range. Based on the RF-DAC a vector modulator architecture is developed. Simulation results show the feasibility of the concept.
Chemical modification of polypyrrole. II. Thermal stability, dielectric, and conductivity characteristics of polypyrrole substituted with phthalic and pyromellitic dianhydride (1994)

Abstract Polypyrrole (PPY) was electrophilically polycondensed with phthalic anhydride (PA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). PPY–PA and PPY–PMDA polycondensates were evaluated in regard to their thermal stability and dielectric and conductivity behavior. The overall thermal stability is in the order PPY < PPY–PA < PPY–PMDA, which may be rationalized in terms of intra‐ and intermolecularly cross‐linked structures of the polycondensates. IR spectral analyses of PPY–PA and PPY–PMDA subjected to heating at 300, 400, 500, and 550°C, respectively, were conducted to understand some of the structural changes in the polymer matrices. Both PPY–PA and PPY–PMDA exhibit high dielectric constants (200 and 125) at low frequency (10 3 Hz), which fall monotonically with increasing frequency, suggesting the possibility of interfacial polarization. The conductivity values of PPY–PA and PPY–PMDA are in the range 10 −3 –10 −4 ohm −1 cm −1 , which are conspicuously lower than that for unmodified PPY (2.5). This is due to the adverse effect of incresing temperature on the PPY chain stability, whereby structural conjugation and eventually conductivity will be affected. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interactive initialization of 2D/3D rigid registration (2013)

Based on the authors' evaluation, the authors conclude that the registration approaches are sufficiently accurate for initializing 2D/3D registration in the OR setting, both when a tracking system is not in use (gesture based approach), and when a tracking system is already in use (AR based approach).