gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogens Stimulate Cell Proliferation and Induce Secretory Proteins in a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (T<sub>47</sub>D)* (1982)

The effects of estradiol (E2) on two cloned sublines derived from the T47D human breast cancer cell line have been studied in vitro. Cell proliferation was evaluated by DNA assay, cell counts, and thymidine incorporation. The rate of synthesis of proteins released into the cell culture medium was assayed by [35S]methionine incorporation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorography. In clone 11, which contains estrogen and progesterone receptors, estradiol (1 pM-1 nM) stimulated cell proliferation 2- to 5-fold after a lag period of 6 days. Maximal stimulation was observed with 1% or 3% fetal calf serum and without added insulin. The effect of E2 was biphasic, since the growth rate was stimulated for E2 concentrations less than 10 nM and then progressively inhibited for higher concentrations. Dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and R5020 (at 1 nM or 1 microM) did not modify cell growth. The antiestrogen Tamoxifen (1 microM) inhibited the E2-induced stimulation and decreased the growth of control cells. Estrogen also stimulated 2- to 3-fold the synthesis of approximately 60K molecular weight dalton proteins which were released into the medium. This effect was seen as early as 1 day of E2 treatment, and a plateau of stimulation was reached with 0.1 nM E2. By contrast, in clone 8, which contains low concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptors, E2 had no effect on cell growth and stimulated slightly the synthesis of a 55K protein. These results demonstrate that E2 is able to directly stimulate the proliferation of human epithelial breast cancer cells after having stimulated the synthesis of approximately 60,000 dalton proteins released into the medium.
Theranostic liposomes loaded with quantum dots and apomorphine for brain targeting and bioimaging (2012)

Quantum dots (QDs) and apomorphine were incorporated into liposomes to eliminate uptake by the liver and enhance brain targeting. We describe the preparation, physicochemical characterization, in vivo bioimaging, and brain endothelial cell uptake of the theranostic liposomes. QDs and the drug were mainly located in the bilayer membrane and inner core of the liposomes, respectively. Spherical vesicles with a mean diameter of ~140 nm were formed. QDs were completely encapsulated by the vesicles. Nearly 80% encapsulation percentage was achieved for apomorphine. A greater fluorescence intensity was observed in mouse brains treated with liposomes compared to free QDs. This result was further confirmed by ex vivo imaging of the organs. QD uptake by the heart and liver was reduced by liposomal incorporation. Apomorphine accumulation in the brain increased by 2.4-fold after this incorporation. According to a hyperspectral imaging analysis, multifunctional liposomes but not the aqueous solution carried QDs into the brain. Liposomes were observed to have been efficiently endocytosed into bEND3 cells. The mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake were clathrin- and caveola-mediated endocytosis, which were energy-dependent. To the best of our knowledge, our group is the first to develop liposomes with a QD-drug hybrid for the aim of imaging and treating brain disorders.
Duality between partial coherence and partial entanglement (2000)

Entangled-photon pairs (biphotons) generated by spontaneous optical parametric down-conversion exhibit a number of properties that are analogous to those of ordinary photons generated by incoherent sources. The spatial pump-field distribution and the two-particle wave function in the biphoton case play the respective roles of the source intensity distribution and the second-order coherence function in the incoherent case. The van Cittert--Zernike theorem, which is applicable for incoherent optical sources emitting independent photons, has a counterpart for biphotons. Likewise, the partial-coherence theory of image formation has an analogous counterpart for biphoton beams transporting spatial information. However, an underlying duality, rather than analogy, accompanies the mathematical similarity between incoherent and biphoton emissions if the comparison is made between the photon count rate in the incoherent case and the biphoton count rate in the entangled-photon case. The smaller the size of an incoherent source, the more separable is the coherence function and the more coherent is the field, and therefore the higher the visibility of ordinary interference fringes. In contrast, the narrower the size of a biphoton pump source, the more separable is the wave function and the less entangled is the field, and therefore the lower the visibility of biphoton interference fringes. This duality is similar to the complementarity between single and two-photon interference exhibited for biphotons.
Sequence distributions versus catalyst site behavior of in situ blends of polypropylene and poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) (1998)

Sequential polymerizations of first propylene and then ethylene, propylene mixtures with the same Ziegler–Natta catalyst system produce in situ blends known as high-impact polypropylenes. Over 100 high-impact polypropylenes are characterized in terms of weight fractions and sequence distributions for isotactic polypropylene, atactic polypropylene, an amorphous ethylene propylene copolymer, and a crystalline ethylene propylene copolymer. The apparent r1r2 behaviors of the E/P copolymers suggest that the amorphous and crystalline E/P copolymers principally arise from different types of catalyst sites as opposed to originating strictly from compositional heterogeneities. The amorphous copolymers consistently have r1r2 values close to unity over a broad range of compositions, while the corresponding crystalline copolymers have apparent r1r2 values that range from 2 to over 20. An apparent r1r2 close to unity not only reflects random sequencing but also indicates a narrow compositional distribution. This r1r2 result indicates that the amorphous E/P copolymers are produced from a singular type of catalyst site. The higher r1r2 values shown by the crystalline E/P copolymers indicate broad compositional distributions that are produced by a different type or types of catalyst sites. The ratio of amorphous to crystalline ethylene, propylene copolymers is nominally around 80/20 over a broad range of impact copolymer compositions. The consistency of this result suggests that the two basic types of catalyst sites producing E/P copolymers are also in an approximate 80/20 ratio. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1527–1542, 1998
Puromycin-sensitive Aminopeptidase (1995)

Among the molecular mechanisms that control the cell division cycle, proteolysis has emerged as a key regulatory process enabling cells to pass critical check points. Such proteolysis involves a cascade of enzymes including a multisubunit complex termed 26S proteasome. Here we report on the analysis of a novel mouse cDNA encoding the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA) and on its expression in COS cells and 3T3 fibroblasts. PSA is 27-40% homologous to several known Zn(2+)-binding aminopeptidases including aminopeptidase N. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PSA is localized to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus and associates with microtubules of the spindle apparatus during mitosis. Furthermore, puromycin and bestatin both arrested the cell cycle, leading to an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase, and ultimately induced cells to undergo apoptosis at concentrations that inhibit PSA. Control experiments including cycloheximide further suggested that the induction of apoptosis by puromycin was not attributable to inhibition of protein synthesis. Taken together, these data favor the novel idea that PSA participates in proteolytic events essential for cell growth and viability.
Investigations of the Complement-Fixing Sites of Immunoglobulins (1976)

Indirect evidence for the complement-fixing site of human IgG1 has been found by using chemical modification of the immunoglobulin. These results implicate the amino acid residues, tryptophan, tyrosine, and arginine. Furthermore, by the use of synthetic peptides it has been shown that the area surrounding the tryptophan and tyrosine at positions 277 and 278 probably constitutes the locus of the complement-fixing site of human IgG1. By analogy, the tryptophan at position 488 of human IgM is implicated in the complement-fixing site of this immunoglobulin. Evidence for this is presented by a peptide which mimics the sequence 487-491 of human IgM and possesses the ability to consume complement. The relative complement-fixing ability of this peptide is 200 times less effective than human IgG1.
A exclusão social dos jovens no mercado de trabalho brasileiro (2002)

The goal of this study is to analyze the situation of youth between the ages of 15 and 24 on the Brazilian labor market, seeking to evaluate the magnitude and the determinants of unemployment of Brazilian youth, using the 1988 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). To understand the characteristics which affect the probability of unemployment of a given individual, a multinomial logit model was estimated for the probability that, at any given moment, a youth will be either inactive, active and employed, or active and unemployed. The results from the multinomial logite model show that an increase in the number of years in school reduces the probability of unemployment among men living in urban areas to be unemployed and increases the probability of unemployment for both men and women in the rural areas, possibly due to higher employment selectivity. Moreover, the probability of unemployment was negatively related to experience for all men and women living in urban areas. The study also found evidence of discrimination against blacks in the labor market and higher probability of unemployment for youths from low-income families.
Feedforward Interference Cancellation Architecture for Short-Range Wireless Communication (2010)

We propose a wireless receiver architecture that uses a feedforward interference cancellation scheme to reduce the dynamic range requirements in the circuit's baseband analog-to-digital converter. The cancellation is customized for frequency-shift-keying (FSK)-modulated interferers and effectively suppresses nearby channels interfering with the desired signal. A prototype baseband chip that contains critical blocks of the proposed architecture was designed in 90-nm CMOS. Experimental results show that FSK interferers in adjacent channels are suppressed by more than 20 dB. The experimental integrated circuit dissipates 0.78 mW from a 1-V supply and occupies 0.32 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Graph Theory and Complex Networks: An Introduction (2010)

Chapter Description 01: Introduction History, background 02: Foundations Basic terminology and properties of graphs 03: Extensions Directed & weighted graphs, colorings 04: Network traversal Walking through graphs (cf. traveling) 05: Trees Graphs without cycles; routing algorithms 06: Network analysis Basic metrics for analyzing large graphs 07: Random networks Introduction modeling real-world networks 08: Computer networks The Internet & WWW seen as a huge graph 09: Social networks Communities seen as graphs
DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND THEIR SEQUELAE (1977)

Careful pathological examination of lumbar spines removed at autopsy has shown that degenerative changes are present in the intervertebral discs of all subjects by middle age. The degenerative changes are more marked and occur at an earlier age when evidence of vertical or posterior disc prolapse is also present. Degenerative changes in the discs are always accompanied by osteophyte formation on the margins of the vertebral bodies and remodelling changes in the apophyseal joints. There is a direct relationship between the degree of disc degeneration, marginal osteophyte formation on vertebral bodies, and apophyseal joint changes, which suggests that disc degeneration is the primary event leading to the clinical condition of 'degenerative spondylosis'.
The Resolution of 1-Ethyl-1-methyl-1-p-nitrobenzylamine-2-acetimide (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Resolution of 1-Ethyl-1-methyl-1-p-nitrobenzylamine-2-acetimideS. Wawzonek, J. Chua, E. L. Yeakey, and W. McKillipCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 9, 2376–2378Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01044a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01044a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Severe COVID-19 and aging: are monocytes the key? (2020)

The ongoing pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a disproportionate number of severe cases and deaths in older adults. Severe SARS-CoV-2-associated disease (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 and is characterized by cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in some cases by systemic inflammation-related pathology. Currently, our knowledge of the determinants of severe COVID-19 is primarily observational. Here, I review emerging evidence to argue that monocytes, a circulating innate immune cell, are principal players in cytokine storm and associated pathologies in COVID-19. I also describe changes in monocyte function and phenotype that are characteristic of both aging and severe COVID-19, which suggests a potential mechanism underlying increased morbidity and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults. The innate immune system is therefore a potentially important target for therapeutic treatment of COVID-19, but experimental studies are needed, and SARS-CoV-2 presents unique challenges for pre-clinical and mechanistic studies in vivo. The immediate establishment of colonies of SARS-CoV-2-susceptible animal models for aging studies, as well as strong collaborative efforts in the geroscience community, will be required in order to develop the therapies needed to combat severe COVID-19 in older adult populations.
Antimicrobial activity of lacticin 3147 against clinical Clostridium difficile strains (2007)

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is the most common hospital-acquired diarrhoea, and is a major type of gastroenteritis infection in nursing homes and facilities for the elderly. In this study the antimicrobial activity of the two-component lantibiotic, lacticin 3,147, against a range of genetically distinct C. difficile isolates was studied. The bacteriocin exhibited an MIC(50) of 3.6 microg ml(-1) for 10 genetically distinct C. difficile strains isolated from healthy subjects, inflammatory bowel disease patients and culture collection strains. In time-kill studies, 10(6) c.f.u. ml(-1) C. difficile ATCC 42,593 and CDAD isolate DPC 6,220 were killed within 120 or 20 min incubation, respectively, at a concentration of 6 microg lacticin ml(-1). Interestingly, addition of lacticin 3,147 to exponentially growing cells of C. difficile ATCC 43,593 caused rapid lysis of the cells after an initial lag phase, as measured by the concomitant release of the intracellular enzyme, acetate kinase. The addition of a food-grade, milk-based lacticin containing powder to faecal fermentation demonstrated that lacticin is effective in completely eliminating 10(6) c.f.u. C. difficile ml(-1) from a model faecal environment within 30 min when present at concentrations as low as 18 microg ml(-1). While other culturable microflora such as total anaerobes, bacteroides, total non-spore-forming anaerobes and total Gram-negative anaerobes were unaffected, populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were reduced by 3 log cycles at bacteriocin levels sufficient to eliminate over 10(6) C. difficile. In light of these findings, the potential of lacticin 3,147 for treatment of CDAD is discussed.
Graphene-Flakes Printed Wideband Elliptical Dipole Antenna for Low-Cost Wireless Communications Applications (2017)

This letter presents the design, manufacturing, and operational performance of a graphene-flakes-based screen-printed wideband elliptical dipole antenna operating from 2 up to 5 GHz for low-cost wireless communications applications. To investigate radio frequency (RF) conductivity of the printed graphene, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) test structure was designed, fabricated, and tested in the frequency range from 1 to 20 GHz. Antenna and CPW were screen-printed on Kapton substrates using a graphene paste formulated with a graphene-to-binder ratio of 1:2. A combination of thermal treatment and subsequent compression rolling is utilized to further decrease the sheet resistance for printed graphene structures, ultimately reaching 4 Ω/□ at 10-μ m thicknesses. For the graphene-flakes printed antenna, an antenna efficiency of 60% is obtained. The measured maximum antenna gain is 2.3 dBi at 4.8 GHz. Thus, the graphene-flakes printed antenna adds a total loss of only 3.1 dB to an RF link when compared to the same structure screen-printed for reference with a commercial silver ink. This shows that the electrical performance of screen-printed graphene flakes, which also does not degrade after repeated bending, is suitable for realizing low-cost wearable RF wireless communication devices.
Transmissible Retrovirus in Epstein-Burr Virus-Producer B95-8 Cells (1995)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) released from the B95-8 marmoset cell line has served as a prototype for biologic and biochemical studies of EBV. Here we identify and characterize a retrovirus carried by many cultures of B95-8 cells. The experiments were stimulated by the isolation of a cDNA clone from B95-8 cells in which sequences from the EBV large internal repeat were linked to gag sequences similar to those of squirrel monkey retrovirus, human isolate, SMRV-H. However, among 413 amino acids predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gag region of the B95-8 SMRV isolate there were 48 amino acid changes that distinguished this virus from SMRV-H originally isolated from a human lymphoid cell line by Oda et al. (1988, Virology 167, 468-476). Nucleic acid and antibody probes were developed for the B95-8 isolate of SMRV. Using such probes, we found that SMRV-B95-8 was readily transmissible, independent of EBV, as an infectious virus to human B and T cell lines. SMRV-B95-8 was highly fusogenic in the presence or absence of EBV. The ultrastructural appearance of the B95-8 retrovirus was characteristic of a type D retrovirus. Cells dually infected with EBV and SMRV-B95-8 did not demonstrate increased levels of lytic EB viral replication. SMRV-B95-8 did not by itself cause lymphocyte immortalization or enhance immortalization by EBV. Thus SMRV-B95-8 does not contribute to the major biologic properties of the B95-8 strain of EBV.
Cytochrome P4504A Genotype Cosegregates With Hypertension in Dahl S Rats (1996)

Recent studies indicate that the production of 20-HETE by a P4504A2 enzyme in the outer medulla of the kidney is reduced in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) rats, but the contribution of this abnormality to the elevation in loop Cl- transport and development of hypertension in this model is unknown. THe present study found that alleles at the locus for the P4504A2 gene cosegregate with blood pressure in an F2 population (n=151) derived from a cross between SS/Jr and Lewis rats (P < .0001). The P4504A2 locus is located in a region on rat chromosome 5 where a blood pressure quantitative trait locus was previously detected. Systolic blood pressure averaged 201 +/- 6 mm Hg in rats with the SS genotype (n=36), 192 +/- 4 mm Hg in SL genotype rats (n=77), and 169 +/- 3 mm Hg in LL genotype rats (n=38). In further studies, we confirmed that there are phenotypic differences in the expression of the P4504A2 gene in the kidneys of SS/Jr and Lewis rats. Although the production of 20-HETE from 14C-arachidonic acid was similar in microsomes prepared from the renal cortex of SS/Jr and Lewis rats (54 +/- 3 versus 55 +/- 3 pmol/min/mg protein), the production of 20-HETE in microsomes prepared from the outer medulla (OM) was markedly reduced in SS/Jr rats (2.8 +/- 0.8 versus 6.7 +/- 1 pmol/min/mg protein). The diminished production of 20-HETE in the OM was due to a threefold reduction in the level of P4504A2 protein. These results suggest that an altered expression of the P4504A2 enzyme in the OM may contribute to the development of hypertension in SS/Jr rats.
YOS9, the Putative Yeast Homolog of a Gene Amplified in Osteosarcomas, Is Involved in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-Golgi Transport of GPI-anchored Proteins (2002)

The OS-9 gene maps to a region (q13-15) of chromosome 12 that is highly amplified in human osteosarcomas and encodes a protein of unknown function. Here we have characterized a homolog designated as YOS9 (YDR057w) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast protein (Yos9) is a membrane-associated glycoprotein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). YOS9 interacts genetically with genes involved in ER-Golgi transport, particularly SEC34, whose temperature-sensitive mutant is rescued by YOS9 overexpression. Interestingly, Yos9 appears to play a direct role in the transport of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Yos9 binds directly to Gas1 and Mkc7 and accelerates Gas1 transport and processing in cells overexpressing YOS9. Correspondingly, Gas1 processing is slowed in cells bearing a deletion in YOS9. No effect upon the transport and processing of non-GPI-anchored proteins (e.g. invertase and carboxypeptidase Y) was detected in cells either lacking or overexpressing Yos9. As Yos9 is not a component of the Emp24 complex, it may act as a novel escort factor for GPI-anchored proteins in ER-Golgi transport in yeast and possibly in mammals.