gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensor fusion for semantic segmentation of urban scenes (2015)

Semantic understanding of environments is an important problem in robotics in general and intelligent autonomous systems in particular. In this paper, we propose a semantic segmentation algorithm which effectively fuses information from images and 3D point clouds. The proposed method incorporates information from multiple scales in an intuitive and effective manner. A late-fusion architecture is proposed to maximally leverage the training data in each modality. Finally, a pairwise Conditional Random Field (CRF) is used as a post-processing step to enforce spatial consistency in the structured prediction. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the publicly available KITTI dataset [1] [2], augmented with additional pixel and point-wise semantic labels for building, sky, road, vegetation, sidewalk, car, pedestrian, cyclist, sign/pole, and fence regions. A per-pixel accuracy of 89.3% and average class accuracy of 65.4% is achieved, well above current state-of-the-art [3].
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Are We Speaking Different Languages? (2005)

Critical Care and Respiratory Therapy, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. *Correspondence to: Dr. Thomas Kuen-Shan Jih, Critical Care and Respiratory Therapy, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 160 Chung-Kang Road, Section 3, Taichung 407, Taiwan, R.O.C. E-mail: [email protected] Received: June 17, 2004 • Accepted: September 2, 2004
Proton acceleration to 40 MeV using a high intensity, high contrast optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification/Ti:sapphire hybrid laser system (2012)

Using a high-contrast (10(10):1) and high-intensity (10(21) W/cm(2)) laser pulse with the duration of 40 fs from an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification/Ti:sapphire laser, a 40 MeV proton bunch is obtained, which is a record for laser pulse with energy less than 10 J. The efficiency for generation of protons with kinetic energy above 15 MeV is 0.1%.
Essential fatty acid deficiency during acute puromycin nephrosis ameliorates late renal injury (1989)

Puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) nephrosis is associated with a significant increase in the glomerular macrophage number during peak proteinuria. The significance of this observation remains uncertain. An essential fatty acid-deficient (EFAD) diet depletes normal rat glomeruli of resident macrophages and alters glomerular eicosanoid metabolism. In this study, we found that an EFAD diet, administered only for the duration of the acute nephrotic phase, significantly ameliorated the recurrent albuminuria, renal dysfunction, and morphological injury characteristic of the late, recurrent phase of chronic aminonucleoside nephrosis. Glomerular macrophage number, isolated glomerular thromboxane B2 production, and circulating leukocyte and monocyte counts were significantly reduced in nephrotic rats on the EFAD diet 2 wk after PA injection, which temporally corresponds to peak albuminuria. The exact mechanism(s) by which the EFAD diet conferred protection in the late phase of chronic aminonucleoside nephrosis and lowered glomerular macrophage number during the acute nephrotic phase remain to be elucidated.
5.25 GHz linear CMOS power amplifier with a diode-connected NMOS bias circuit (2012)

In this paper, a 5.25GHz linear CMOS power amplifier (PA) with an integrated diode is presented. The proposed technique improves the linearity of the power amplifier by a diode-connected NMOS transistor. The NMOS diode is effective to suppress both the AM-AM distortion and AM-PM distortion. To verify this concept, the power amplifier is simulated with TSMC 0.13-μm CMOS process. With a power supply of 3.3 V, the proposed power amplifier exhibits a maximum IMD improvement of 25 dB with a PAE of 38.2 % at an output P1dB of 19.6 dBm.
Interactions between dietary chemicals and human sulfotransferases-molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. (2001)

Sulfation plays a major role in the detoxication of xenobiotics as well as in modulating the biological activity of numerous important endogenous chemicals. In contrast to this "chemical defense" function, sulfation is also a key step in the bioactivation of a host of pro-mutagens and pro-carcinogens. These reactions are catalyzed by an expanding family of sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes, which transfer a sulfuryl moiety from the universal donor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate. Here, we discuss current knowledge of the human sulfotransferase enzyme family, of which at least 11 members have been identified to date, including regulation of expression by endogenous compounds and xenobiotics as well as the molecular basis of polymorphisms in members of the SULT1A (phenol sulfotransferase) family. We also present new data on the inhibition of SULT1A enzymes by dietary chemicals, showing that compounds to which we are exposed regularly, such as epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate are extremely potent inhibitors of phenol sulfotransferases (K(i) in the nanomolar range for SULT1A1). We found that the mechanism of inhibition by these chemicals varied depending on the individual isoform involved, showing uncompetitive inhibition of SULT1A1 whereas with SULT1A2 and -1A3 they demonstrated mixed type inhibition. Thus, genetic-environmental interactions may play an important role in modulating sulfotransferase activity and in determining individual response to chemicals metabolized by these important enzymes.
Optical interference method for the approximate determination of refractive index and thickness of a transparent layer (1978)

Optical interference fringe measurements of the thickness of transparent layers can be rapid, accurate, and nondestructive. If the refractive index n of the layer being measured is known, it may be combined directly with interference fringe information to yield the layer thickness t. If, however, n is unknown, the measurement procedure necessarily becomes more complicated. In this paper, a new and simpler optical interference method is presented for the approximate determination of both n and t of a transparent layer on a transparent substrate. The required experimental information is obtained from a single spectrophotometric recording of either the reflectance or transmittance of the layer and its substrate. The theory of the method is presented, and an application of the method to measurements of layers of SIPOS (Semi-Insulating POlycrystalline Silicon) is described. The method requires that the layer being measured must be uniformly deposited on a flat substrate, and it must neither absorb nor scatter the light passing through it. The major approximation inherent in the method is that both the layer and the substrate are assumed to be nondispersive over the wavelength region of interest.
Actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) is associated with the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

Patients with SCC show significantly higher AKASI than patients with BCC or patients without invasive tumours. Hence, AKASI may be used to stratify risk for developing invasive SCC.
Market based bandwidth allocation policies for QoS control in broadband networks (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Market based bandwidth allocation policies for QoS control in broadband networks Authors: D. Reininger NEC USA, Inc., Princeton, NJ NEC USA, Inc., Princeton, NJView Profile , D. Raychaudhuri NEC USA, Inc., Princeton, NJ NEC USA, Inc., Princeton, NJView Profile , M. Ott NEC USA, Inc., Princeton, NJ NEC USA, Inc., Princeton, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICE '98: Proceedings of the first international conference on Information and computation economiesOctober 1998 Pages 101–110https://doi.org/10.1145/288994.289018Online:28 October 1998Publication History 7citation539DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads539Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Passivity and its breakdown on stainless steels and alloys (2002)

Abstract The service reliability of stainless steels and alloys is predominantly determined by the chemical stability of an ultrathin passive film on their surfaces. The thickness, composition and structure of such an ultrathin oxide film are all influenced by the alloy composition and the nature of the environments they are exposed to. Surface analysis of passive films formed on different grades of stainless steels under different conditions showed that chromium was significantly enriched in the surface film whereas nickel was not present in the oxidized state. Breakdown of passivity either due to mechanical damage or due to chemical attack often leads to localized corrosion in the form of pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. This paper discusses the corrosion resistance characteristics of stainless steels and alloys in the context of surface film properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discrete ordinates approximation to the neutron transport equation applied to generalized geometries (1992)

A method for applying the discrete ordinates method for solution of the neutron transport equation in arbitary two-dimensional meshes has been developed. The finite difference approach normally used to approximate spatial derivatives in extrapolating angular fluxes across a cell is replaced by direct solution of the characteristic form of the transport equation for each discrete direction. Thus, computational cells are not restricted to the traditional shape of a mesh element within a given coordinate system. However, in terms of the treatment of energy and angular dependencies, this method resembles traditional discrete ordinates techniques. Using the method developed here, a general two-dimensional space can be approximated by an irregular mesh comprised of arbitrary polygons. The present work makes no assumptions about the orientations or the number of sides in a given cell, and computes all geometric relationships between each set of sides in each cell for each discrete direction. A set of non-reentrant polygons can therefore be used to represent any given two dimensional space. Results for a number of test problems have been compared to solutions obtained from traditional methods, with good agreement. Comparisons include benchmarks against analytical results for problems with simple geometry, as well numerical results obtained from traditional discrete ordinates methods by applying the ANISN and TWOTRAN computer programs. Numerical results were obtained for problems ranging from simple one-dimensional geometry to complicated multidimensional configurations. These results have demonstrated the ability of the developed method to closely approximate complex geometrical configurations and to obtain accurate results for problems that are extremely difficult to model using traditional methods.
The Effect of ??-Melanocyte???Stimulating Hormone on Renal Tubular Cell Apoptosis and Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Cyclosporine A Nephrotoxicity (2004)

These findings suggest that chronic CsA nephrotoxicity is related to Bax and Bcl2-related apoptosis pathways, and that alpha-MSH can attenuate the CsA-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis as well as tubular cell apoptosis.
Restrictive dual capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for microchip electrophoresis (2009)

Abstract New capacitatively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for microchip electrophoresis with enhanced detection limit down to ppb level is developed. Our approach to improve sensitivity is to restrict the detection cell to enhance the signal coupling into the confined detection cell. A C4D cell design consists of a pair of dual top-bottom RF emitting electrodes and a pair of receiving electrodes disposed downstream onto a very thin plastic microfluidic chip. The dual C4D electrode geometry in conjunction with thin electrophoresis microchips doubles the total cell capacitance while electrodes are very close to the channel therefore reduce the cell impedance with enhanced signal coupling resulting to enhanced signal to noise ratio, improved sensitivity and enables a more efficient signal coupling and extraction from the detection volume in the electrophoretic microchip. A detection limit of 0.3 - 1 μM has been demonstrated with this optimized dual C4D detector. The average detector sensitivity obtained is 42 mV/mM.
Lithium Insertion in High Capacity Carbonaceous Materials (1995)

We report studies of lithium insertion in a variety of organic precursors pyrolyzed below 1000°C. These include two types of petroleum pitch, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and epoxy novolac resin (ENR). Each of these materials shows reversible specific capacities for lithium of between 550 and 900 mAh/g when treated near 700°C. The majority of this high capacity shows large hysteresis; that is the lithium is inserted near 0 V (vs. lithium metal) and removed near 1 V. Furthermore, the amount of capacity showing large hysteresis is well correlated to the hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio of the samples. As the pitch, PVC and PVDF samples are heated above 700°C, the ratio and the specific capacity decrease proportionally, suggesting that the hydrogen in these samples plays an important role. The PPS and ENR samples behave differently; as they are heated above 700°C, the high capacity is maintained as is reduced, although the voltage profile changes dramatically to one without significant hysteresis and with a plateau of several hundred mAh/g near 0 V. We believe that structural differences associated with the presence of single carbon layers in the ENR and PPS samples account for the difference between their behavior and that of the other samples. The materials made from ENR appear to be interesting candidates for high capacity anodes for lithium ion cells.
A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for Multistage Stochastic Integer Programming with Application to Stochastic Batch-Sizing Problems (2004)

In this paper, we present a branch-and-price method to solve special structured multistage stochastic integer programming problems. We validate our method on two different versions of a multistage stochastic batch-sizing problem (SBSP). One version adopts a recourse formulation, and the other is based on probabilistic constraints. Our algorithmic approach is applicable to both formulations. Our computational results suggest that both classes of problems can be solved using relatively few nodes of a branch-and-price tree. The success of our approach calls for extensions in methodology as well as applications.
Application de la technique du jet d'hélium à l'identification en ligne de nouveaux noyaux par la détection de leurs rayonnements gamma (1974)

La méthode d'entraînement des produits de réactions nucléaires par un jet d'hélium a été adaptée à la collection et à la détection de noyaux émetteurs γ. Cette méthode a été appliquée en utilisant un faisceau d'ions 12C délivré par le Cyclotron à Ions Lourds d'Orsay. Les réactions 103Rh( 12C, xn) 115-xSb ont été étudiées entre 50 et 90 MeV. Les isotopes d'antimoine de masse 113, 112, 111 et 110 ont été identifiés par leurs rayonnements γ. Les développements possibles de la méthode sont examinés.
Integration of eQTL and a Single-Cell Atlas in the Human Eye Identifies Causal Genes for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2020)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss. To better understand disease pathogenesis and identify causal genes in GWAS loci for AMD risk, we present a comprehensive database of human retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Our database comprises macular and non-macular RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) profiles from 129 donors, a genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) dataset that includes macula-specific retina and RPE/choroid, and single-nucleus RNA-seq (NucSeq) from human retina and RPE with subtype resolution from more than 100,000 cells. Using NucSeq, we find enriched expression of AMD candidate genes in RPE cells. We identify 15 putative causal genes for AMD on the basis of co-localization of genetic association signals for AMD risk and eye eQTL, including the genes TSPAN10 and TRPM1. These results demonstrate the value of our human eye database for elucidating genetic pathways and potential therapeutic targets for ocular diseases.
A phase 1B/2 study of aldoxorubicin in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (2014)

Aldoxorubicin at a dose of 350 mg/m(2) administered once every 21 days for up to 8 cycles was found to be acceptably safe and demonstrated preliminary efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors, including STS. Further investigation of aldoxorubicin is ongoing.
Etude du produit de déshydratation du méthyle₄ pentanol₂ par l'alumine: Recherche des stéréoisomères éthyléniques du méthyle₄ pentène₂–CH₃–CH=CH–CH(–CH₃)–CH₃ (1933)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Planning of Experiments (1958)

Offers a comprehensive nonmathematical treatment regarding the design and analysis of experiments, focusing on basic concepts rather than calculation of technical details. Much of the discussion is in terms of examples drawn from numerous fields of applications. Subjects include the justification and practical difficulties of randomization, various factors occurring in factorial experiments, selecting the size of an experiments, different purposes for which observations may be made and much more.
Studies on Pyrimidine Derivatives. IX (1960)

Reaction of 2-hydrazino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine (I) and carbon disulfide afforded 3-mercapto-5-hydroxy-7-methyl-s-triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrimidine (II) and 3-mercapto-5-methyl-7-hydroxy-s-triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrimidine (VII). (VII) alone was obtained by pyrolysis of 1-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (XV), formed by the reaction of (I) and phenyl isothiocyanate. Heatingof (II) at 250-255° effects its isomerization to (VII).Reaction of 2-hydrazino-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine (III) and carbon disulfide afforded 3-mercapto-5, 7-dimethyl-s-triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrimidine (XXIV) but (XXIV) easily underwent isomerization to 2-mercapto-5, 7-dimethyl-s-triazolo [2, 3-a]pyrimidine (XXVI). Similar mercapto compounds were obtained from 2-hydrazinopyrimidine (XXVII) and 2-hydrazino-4-methylpyrimidine (XXII).
New Electrolyte System for Li‐Ion Battery (1996)

Lithium ions reversibly intercalate into graphite anodes in electrolytes containing sulfur dioxide . The electrolyte solutions were composed of 1 M and ∼20% by weight in methyl formate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or dimethyl carbonate. A high degree of Li‐ion intercalation into graphite and stable cycle life were obtained in cells containing these electrolyte systems, which were previously thought to be incompatible with graphite negative electrodes because the graphite structure was destroyed by interaction with the solvent molecules. The use of as an additive to the organic solution offers the advantage of forming fully developed passive films on graphite at much higher potential (2.7 V vs. ) than that of electrolyte reduction (<2 V vs. ) and the intercalation stages (0.3 to 0 V vs. ). These carbon surface films, composed of a mixture of reduction products including and lithium oxysulfur compounds, are primarily responsible for the improved characteristics of Li‐ion cells containing these new electrolyte systems.
Wavelength tuning of InGaAs/GaAs laser diodes by the application of high hydrostatic pressure (2003)

We show that InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well lasers emitting around 1000 nm can be wavelength tuned by applying high hydrostatic pressure (up to 20 kbar). Two types of devices have been studied: a commercial single-mode 50 mW laser emitting at 980 nm and the high-power laser grown by MBE at the Institute of Electron Technology emitting at 1010 nm. For both lasers the tuning range was close to 140 nm i.e. the 980 nm. laser can be tuned down to about 840 nm. Both the threshold currents and the quantum efficiencies remained constant throughout the whole tuning range. Pressure tuning might therefore be useful for diode-pumped solid-state lasers, which require pumping wavelengths in the 840-980 nm range.
Pretreatment: the key to unlocking low‐cost cellulosic ethanol (2007)

Abstract New transportation fuels are badly needed to reduce our heavy dependence on imported oil and to reduce the release of greenhouse gases that cause global climate change; cellulosic biomass is the only inexpensive resource that can be used for sustainable production of the large volumes of liquid fuels that our transportation sector has historically favored. Furthermore, biological conversion of cellulosic biomass can take advantage of the power of biotechnology to take huge strides toward making biofuels cost competitive. Ethanol production is particularly well suited to marrying this combination of need, resource, and technology. In fact, major advances have already been realized to competitively position cellulosic ethanol with corn ethanol. However, although biotechnology presents important opportunities to achieve very low costs, pretreatment of naturally resistant cellulosic materials is essential if we are to achieve high yields from biological operations; this operation is projected to be the single, most expensive processing step, representing about 20% of the total cost. In addition, pretreatment has pervasive impacts on all other major operations in the overall conversion scheme from choice of feedstock through to size reduction, hydrolysis, and fermentation, and on to product recovery, residue processing, and co‐product potential. A number of different pretreatments involving biological, chemical, physical, and thermal approaches have been investigated over the years, but only those that employ chemicals currently offer the high yields and low costs vital to economic success. Among the most promising are pretreatments using dilute acid, sulfur dioxide, near‐neutral pH control, ammonia expansion, aqueous ammonia, and lime, with significant differences among the sugar‐release patterns. Although projected costs for these options are similar when applied to corn stover, a key need now is to dramatically improve our knowledge of these systems with the goal of advancing pretreatment to substantially reduce costs and to accelerate commercial applications. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Anxiety, depression, and mania (1991)

Defensive burying - a pharmacological animal model for specific fears?, D.Treit animal models of human anxiety - what does it mean?, J.P. Boulenger benzodiazepines, appetite and stress - commentary, S.J.Cooper benzodiazepines and eating behaviour in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, K.A.Halmi waiting capacity in animals - a behavioural component crossing nosologic boundaries of anxiety and depression?, M.H.Thiebot et al impulsivity and its relationship to anxiety, depression and serotonergic function, R.G.Lister and M.Linnoila animal models of anhedonia - commentary, P.Willner et al dopamine, reward and depression, S.Checkley animal models of mania and bipolar affective illness - commentary, R.H.Belmaker mania - hyperactivity versus hyperreactivity? M.C.Hardy.