gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the New Polyamide-fibers with Pyridine Rings in the Main Chain. V (1958)

Many copolymerized polyamides have been synthesized by combinati on of dimethyl isocinchomeronate and several diamines and dicarboxylic acid esters, in which many of them showed suitable melting points and spinning property. For example, a polyamide from dimethyl isocinchomeron ate, tetramethylenediamine, and dimethyl adipate (4: 10: 6) gave a suitable polyamide product having high Young coefficient to answer the object of this experiment and the process has practical value from the standpoint of the raw materials.An increase of melting point of the copolymerized polyamide with the same copolymer components ratio was observed with an increase in the numbers of meth-ylene groups when a dibasic acid having an even number of methylene group was used and it was attributed to the complexity of factors to determine the melting point of copolymerized polyamide containing isocinchomeronic acid group.
Ch'u Tz'ŭ, The Songs of the South. An Ancient Chinese Anthology. By David Hawkes. pp. viii + 229. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959, 30<i>s</i>. (1960)

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Capacity of cellular networks deployed in TV White Space (2012)

This paper investigates how suitable TV White Space (TVWS) is for use by cellular networks. Unlike in licensed bands, transmit power in TVWS is limited and considerable interference from TV towers exists. This suggests that evaluating TVWS only in terms of available bandwidth can be misleading, since performance of wireless networks in TVWS is likely lower than in the same amount of dedicated spectrum. We quantify TVWS at the example of Germany, using the European methodology developed in CEPT ECC SE 43. In the second step, we determine the performance of a cellular network operating in TVWS using a calibrated multi-cell and multi-user system level simulation tool. This way we also consider interference between TVWS users, which in previous TVWS studies has not been investigated in detail. Not all locally available TV channels are equally useful. We thus compare different channel selection algorithms a TVWS operator could apply to select from the set of available TVWS channels. We found that while the available spectrum for TVWS usage is in theory quite high, its actual utility strongly depends on the channel selection method and the requirements it is based on. Due to the high interference from TV towers, cellular networks based on frequency re-use one (like LTE) have difficulties finding channels that allow good performance at the cell edge. The inner part of a cell can however considerably benefit from TVWS. This indicates that for cellular networks TVWS is primarily suitable for traffic offloading and spotty coverage rather than for building large contiguous coverage networks.
[Measles outbreaks in the Bern canton]. (1998)

Currently, overall vaccination coverage against measles among infants ranges between 77% and 89% in Switzerland. Experience in other countries has shown that this level of vaccination is not sufficient to prevent measles outbreaks, especially among schoolchildren. During 1992 surveillance for measles outbreaks in closed populations was conducted in the Canton of Berne. Outbreaks were investigated for vaccine efficacy. Two measles outbreaks in schoolchildren were observed during the study period. In 2 Bernese suburban schools 6 measles cases in children (median age 12.5 years) occurred over a period of 37 days. One of the cases had been vaccinated. Vaccination rate in the healthy control children was 89.7%. Estimated vaccine efficacy was 97.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68%, 99%). The second outbreak occurred in a rural region and comprised 21 measles cases (median age 7.5 years) within 43 days. 10 (47.6%) of the cases attended the same school. None of the cases had been vaccinated. Of the healthy control children 82.6% had received measles vaccine. Estimated vaccine efficacy was 100% (CI: 87%, 100%). These two measles outbreaks were due to failure to vaccinate rather than low vaccine efficacy. Surveillance for measles cases is currently not sufficient for the detection of measles outbreaks in our population. Laboratory confirmation of measles, especially in vaccinated persons, has become more important in a time of relatively low measles incidence.
Influence of Oxygenated Compounds on Reaction Products in a Microwave Plasma Methane Pyrolysis Assembly for Post-Processing of Sabatier Methane (2011)

The state-of-the-art Carbon Dioxide Reduction Assembly (CRA) was delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) in April 2010. The system is designed to accept carbon dioxide from the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly and hydrogen from the Oxygen Generation Assembly. The two gases are reacted in the CRA in a Sabatier reactor to produce water and methane. Venting of methane results in an oxygen resupply requirement of about 378 lbs per crew member per year. If the oxygen is supplied as water, the total weight for resupply is about 476 lb per crew member per year. For long-term missions beyond low Earth orbit, during which resupply capabilities will be further limited, recovery of hydrogen from methane is highly desirable. For this purpose, NASA is pursuing development of a Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA) capable of recovering hydrogen from methane. Under certain conditions, water vapor and carbon dioxide (nominally intended to be separated from the CRA outlet stream) may be present in the PPA feed stream. Thus, testing was conducted in 2010 to determine the effect of these "oxygenated" compounds on PPA performance, particularly the effect of inlet carbon dioxide and water variations on the PPA product stream. This paper discusses the test set-up, analysis, and results of this testing
Detection of Coxiella burnetti by DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction (1992)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of Coxiella burnetti, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiologic agent of Q fever. A pair of primers derived from the C. burnetii superoxide dismutase gene served to amplify a targeted 257-bp fragment of genomic DNA. These primers were chosen on the basis of GenBank analysis, G + C ratio, and absence of secondary structure. This technique allowed the detection of as few as 10 C. burnetii organisms. C. burnetti was detected in tissue culture and in specimens from patients (heart valves). In all, 8 reference isolates and 22 new isolates of C. burnetii from France were successfully amplified. No amplification products were found when PCR was performed with 25 bacterial species that had been isolated in a clinical laboratory from patients with clinically similar infections. Amplification products of C. burnetii were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and dot blot hybridization. The method used here, a combination of PCR and restriction analysis, is a faster and more sensitive assay for C. burnetii than standard culture techniques.
Einleitung (1994)

Das Auftreten grundlegend neuer und die damit meist einhergehende Verdrängung bestehender Technologien sind ein herausragendes Phänomen im industriellen Wettbewerb.1 Tiefgreifende technologische Neuerungen dieser Art, die auch als technologische Diskontinuitäten bezeichnet werden, können Wettbewerbsstrukturen erheblich verändern und für einzelne Unternehmen sowohl neue Chancen als auch erhebliche Risiken implizieren.2
Pneumococcal Disease after Pneumococcal Vaccination (1980)

Trials of pneumococcal vaccine in healthy young adult populations suggest 75 to 95 per cent type-specific efficacy. Trials have not been done, however, in groups for which pneumococcal vaccine is currently recommended in the United States. To assess efficacy in the immunocompromised groups now receiving the vaccine, we compared serotypes of 35 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid one month or longer after the patient had received commercially available pneumococcal vaccine with serotypes of 392 isolates from unvaccinated persons surveyed in a study of the nationwide distribution of pneumococcal serotypes. Proportions of infections with vaccine serotypes were unexpectedly similar. An alternative approach to estimation of vaccine efficacy suggested an average efficacy of 36 per cent in persons of all ages. The estimated efficacy was lowest in children two to 10 years old (less than or equal to 0 per cent) and in persons with preexisting diseases that are thought to predispose to pneumococcal disease (less than or equal to 0 per cent), and highest in the group over 10 years old (60 per cent). The possibility that efficacy is low in high-risk, immunocompromised populations makes it important to evaluate clinical efficacy and not just serum antibody responses in such groups.
Mouse models for cancer research (2011)

Mouse models of cancer enable researchers to learn about tumor biology in complicated and dynamic physiological systems. Since the development of gene targeting in mice, cancer biologists have been among the most frequent users of transgenic mouse models, which have dramatically increased knowledge about how cancers form and grow. The Chinese Journal of Cancer will publish a series of papers reporting the use of mouse models in studying genetic events in cancer cases. This editorial is an overview of the development and applications of mouse models of cancer and directs the reader to upcoming papers describing the use of these models to be published in coming issues, beginning with three articles in the current issue.
Do Cells Cycle? (1973)

We propose that a cell's life is divided into two fundamentally different parts. Some time after mitosis all cells enter a state (A) in which their activity is not directed towards replication. A cell may remain in the A-state for any lenght of time, throughout which its probability of leaving A-state remains constant. On leaving A-state, cells enter B-phase in which their activities are deterministic, and directed towards replication. Initiation of cell replication processes is thus random, in the sense that radioactive decay is random. Cell population growth rates are determined by the probability with which cells leave the A-state, the duration of the B-phase, and the rate of cell death. Knowledge of these parameters permits precise calculation of the distribution of intermitotic times within populations, the behavior of synchronized cell cultures, and the shape of labeled mitosis curves.
Both CD31<sup>+</sup>and CD31<sup>−</sup>Naive CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells Are Persistent HIV Type 1–Infected Reservoirs in Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (2010)

After ART, both CD31(+) and CD31⁻ naive CD4(+) T cells expand, and both subsets represent a stable, persistent reservoir of HIV-1.
Analysis of Enzyme Production by Submerged Culture of<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i>Using Whole Barley (2009)

We have reported on high enzyme production by submerged culture of Aspergillus kawachii using barley with the husk (whole barley). To elucidate the mechanism underlying this high enzyme production, we performed a detailed analysis. Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 was submerged-cultured using whole barley and milled whole barley. Enzyme production was analyzed in terms of changes in medium components and gene expression levels. When whole barley was used, high production of glucoamylase and alpha-amylase and high gene expression levels of these enzymes were observed. Low ammonium concentrations were maintained with nitrate ion uptake continuing into the late stage using whole barley. These findings suggest that the sustainability of nitrogen metabolism is related to high enzyme production, and that a mechanism other than that associated with the conventional amylase expression system is involved in this relationship.
Guide to Flowering Plant Families (1995)

Understanding the flowering plants of any region begins with the recognition of families. This remarkable volume, created to serve students, professionals, and other plant enthusiasts, covers 130 temperate to tropical families common in North America with detailed illustrations and modern referenced commentaries. Each family discussion includes a diagnosis and summary of characteristics, distribution data, important economic members, and pollination ecology. The book's most striking feature is Zomlefer's 158 original pen-and-ink plates depicting intricate dissections of 312 species. The content of the family discussions is geared to readers who have completed one introductory biology course. For readers less familiar with botanical terminology, Zomlefer provides an illustrated glossary of 551 terms with more than 300 drawings. Other important tutorial features are twenty-two detailed charts that compare pertinent characteristics of certain related plant groups and a general chart that summarizes the salient features of the families covered in the text. Both amateurs and professionals will particularly enjoy the chapter on examining, dissecting, and sketching live material.
Serum neutralizing antibodies against Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxin in cattle with experimentally induced or naturally developed hepatic abscesses1 (1994)

The relationship between serumneutralizing antibody against Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxin and hepatic abscesses was investigated in cattle fed diets supplemented with or without tylosin. Sixteen cattle (eight each in tylosin and in control groups) were inoculated intraportally with F. necrophorum. Ultrasonographic scanning showed that all control animals developed hepatic abscesses after inoculation. In the tylosin group, two animals were free of abscess by d 7 and one was free by d 14. Leukotoxin-neutralizing antibody titers were low on d 0, but increased (P < .05) markedly after intraportal inoculation in both groups. In a second study, blood was collected at the time of slaughter from 141 feedlot cattle (36 fed diets with tylosin and 105 fed diets without tylosin), and livers were examined for presence or severity of hepatic abscesses at slaughter. The incidences of hepatic abscesses were 32% in the control group and 6% in the tylosin group. Antibody was detected in all animals; however, antibody titers were greater (P < .05) in cattle with abscessed liver than those without, and greater (P < .01) in the nontylosin than in the tylosin group. Abscess score and antibody titer were correlated (r = .34; P < .0001). We conclude that F. necrophorum leukotoxin is highly antigenic and that anti-leukotoxin antibody titer is related to the severity of hepatic abscesses.
Baseline Encoding and Transport of Pre-Congestion Information (2009)

The objective of the Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) architecture is to protect the quality of service (QoS) of inelastic flows within a Diffserv domain. It achieves this by marking packets belonging to PCN-flows when the rate of traffic exceeds certain configured thresholds on links in the domain. These marks can then be evaluated to determine how close the domain is to being congested. This document specifies how such marks are encoded into the IP header by redefining the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) codepoints within such domains. The baseline encoding described here provides only two PCN encoding states: Not-marked and PCN-marked. Future extensions to this encoding may be needed in order to provide more than one level of marking severity.
Uranium Reduction (2006)

The dramatic decrease in solubility accompanying the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), producing the insoluble mineral uraninite, has been viewed as a potential mechanism for sequestration of environmental uranium contamination. In the past 15 years, it has been firmly established that a variety of bacteria exhibit this reductive capacity. To obtain an understanding of the microbial metal metabolism, to develop a practical approach for the acceleration of in situ bioreduction, and to predict the long-term fate of environmental uranium, several aspects of the microbial process have been experimentally explored. This review briefly addresses the research to identify specific uranium reductases and their cellular location, competition between uranium and other electron acceptors, attempts to stimulate in situ reduction, and mechanisms of reoxidation of reduced uranium minerals.
The influence of personality on the clinical course of neurosis (1995)

The relationship between personality disorders and neurosis tends to be nonspecific with Cluster ('anxious') personality disorders overrepresented in anxiety and mood disorders.Personality disorders are associated with poorer outcome of treatment for neuroses. Clinical investigators need to go beyond descriptive comorbidity studies to look at the mechanisms by which personality disorder and personality influence neuroses. Several models have been proposed and directions for further investigation are considered.
Genetic basis of cardiomyopathy (1999)

The molecular basis of cardiac growth and development is a fundamental question that has intrigued many investigators in cardiovascular research. Adult cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and lose their ability to proliferate shortly after birth; however, in response to injury, myocytes have the capacity to synthesize new DNA and exhibit plasticity by a compensatory growth response, as is shown by re-expression of the fetal isoforms of many muscle-specific genes, which is characteristic of the proliferative response. The long-term effects of these compensatory responses may lead to the development and progression of diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy, because of a single point mutation. This concept has engaged scientists to investigate human models to explore the molecular basis of hypertrophy or dilation of the myocardium.
A Review of: “Partition of Cell Particles and Macromolecules, P. -Å. Albertsson; Wiley/Interscience, second edition, New York, 1971; 323 pages; hard cover; $17.00” (1973)

(1973). A Review of: “Partition of Cell Particles and Macromolecules, P. -Å. Albertsson; Wiley/Interscience, second edition, New York, 1971; 323 pages; hard cover; $17.00”. Preparative Biochemistry: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 97-97.
Angiopoietin-2 Is Associated with Albuminuria and Microinflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease (2013)

Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the pathophysiology is not thoroughly understood. Given that elevated albuminuria or circulating angiopoietin-2 associates with CVD and mortality in CKD patients, we were intrigued by the relationship between albuminuria and angiopoietin-2. A total of 416 patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 were stratified by urine albumin-creatinine ratio as normoalbuminuria (<30 mg/g), microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/g), or macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g). The levels of plasma angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased, and soluble Tie-2 decreased in the subgroups of albuminuria; whereas angiopoietin-1 did not change. Linear regression showed a positive correlation between urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and plasma angiopoietin-2 (correlation coefficient r = 0.301, 95% confidence interval 0.211-0.386, P<0.0001), but not between ACR and VEGF or soluble Tie-2. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that plasma angiopoietin-2 was independently associated with ACR (P = 0.025). Furthermore, plasma angiopoietin-2 was positively correlated with high sensitive C-reactive protein (r = 0.114, 95% confidence interval 0.018-0.208, P = 0.020). In conclusion, plasma angiopoietin-2 was associated with albuminuria and markers of systemic microinflammation in CKD patients. Although previous evidence has shown that angiopoietin-2 destabilizes vasculature and induces inflammation in different scenarios, further study will be required to delineate the role of angiopoietin-2 in albuminuria and microinflammation in CKD patients.
Advanced ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing technologies for highly reliable 0.25 μm dual gate CMOS (2002)

Advanced ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing technologies are proposed to realize highly reliable 0.25 /spl mu/m salicided dual gate CMOS for high performance logic application. These technologies mainly consist of mixing the CoSi/sub 2//Si interface using silicon implantation, CVD-Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//CVD-SiO/sub 2/ sidewall spacer, nitrogen implantation in gate polysilicon and source/drain regions and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for reduction of thermal budget.
Spatial Generalization and Aggregation of Massive Movement Data (2010)

Movement data (trajectories of moving agents) are hard to visualize: numerous intersections and overlapping between trajectories make the display heavily cluttered and illegible. It is necessary to use appropriate data abstraction methods. We suggest a method for spatial generalization and aggregation of movement data, which transforms trajectories into aggregate flows between areas. It is assumed that no predefined areas are given. We have devised a special method for partitioning the underlying territory into appropriate areas. The method is based on extracting significant points from the trajectories. The resulting abstraction conveys essential characteristics of the movement. The degree of abstraction can be controlled through the parameters of the method. We introduce local and global numeric measures of the quality of the generalization, and suggest an approach to improve the quality in selected parts of the territory where this is deemed necessary. The suggested method can be used in interactive visual exploration of movement data and for creating legible flow maps for presentation purposes.
The effects of tyrosine on cognitive performance during extended wakefulness. (1995)

Tyrosine, a large neutral amino acid found in dietary proteins, has received recent attention as a potential treatment for stress. The behavioral effects of tyrosine were examined during an episode of continuous nighttime work involving one night's sleep loss. Subjects performed nine iterations of a battery of performance tasks and mood scales for approximately 13 h, beginning at 1930 and ending at 0820. They remained awake throughout the day on which the experiment began and were awake for more than 24 h by the end of testing. Six hours after the experiment began, one-half of the subjects received 150 mg.kg-1 tyrosine in a split dose while the other half received cornstarch placebo in a double-blind procedure. Tyrosine administration was associated with a significant amelioration of the usual performance decline on a psychomotor task and a significant reduction in lapse probability on a high-event-rate vigilance task. The improvements lasted on the order of 3 h. The results of this study also suggest that tyrosine is a relatively benign treatment at this dose. After further testing with other doses and timing of administration, tyrosine may prove useful in counteracting performance decrements during episodes of sustained work coupled with sleep loss.
Single-Polarity Power Supply Bootstrapped Comparator for GaN Smart Power Technology (2010)

A high-performance bootstrapped comparator operating with a single-polarity power supply is demonstrated for the development of GaN smart power ICs. The comparator features monolithically integrated enhancement-mode (E-mode) and depletion mode (D-mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The tail current source uses E-mode HEMT, enabling single-polarity power supply. The input stage could be either E-mode or D-mode HEMTs to cover a wide voltage range (from 0 to 6 V), while the bootstrapped loads are implemented with D-mode HEMTs. At room temperature, the comparator delivers a voltage gain as high as 132 V/V and a unity-gain bandwidth of 270 MHz. The comparator is also capable of operating at 250 °C with temperature-compensated bias.