gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CFD Simulation of Reaction and Heat Transfer Near the Wall of a Fixed Bed (2003)

Modeling of fluid flow, heat transfer and reaction in fixed beds is an essential part of their design. This is especially critical for highly endothermic or exothermic reactions in low tube-to-particle diameter ratio (N) tubes, such as are used in steam reforming and partial oxidation. In the simulations a near-wall section of an entire bed is used to create a simulation geometry that can be handled in the available computational domain. A full bed model was also available for validation of the wall-segment model. In the wall-segment approach a section of the bed is modeled in more detail, allowing for a relatively smaller control volume size and a more detailed view of the flow and heat transfer patterns. A simple model of a steam reforming process is used in the CFD simulation to incorporate the effect of reaction rate on temperature profiles in the bed. Simulations were performed under realistic industrial conditions of high temperature, pressure and gas flow rate, with gas properties corresponding to those of steam reforming. A constant wall heat flux was imposed, and various shapes of particles studied with heat sinks on the surface to simulate the reforming endothermic reaction, which is mainly confined to the surface of the pellet. Results will be presented showing the existence and effect of temperature profiles on the catalyst particles, and the effect on the local heat transfer rates of different gas compositions, corresponding to conditions at different locations along the catalyst tube. Local deactivation of catalyst particles can also lead to wall hot spots, or 'giraffe-necking' which can be well-reproduced by the simulations.
RF and Microwave Band-Pass Passive Filters for Mobile Transceivers with a Focus on BAW Technology (2010)

This chapter presented the interest of RF band-pass filters in the actual communications context. Specifically, the importance of the RF filter in the mobile transceivers and the bandpass RF filters requirements at the front-end of a mobile transmitter have been described. Some different available filtering technologies have been considered as well and their advantages and trade-offs have. The potential of BAW technology for RF band-pass filters is highlighted. Two RF BAW filters applications proposed by the authors have been described, one for an UWB application and the other one for a multi-radio system. Other examples of RF band-pass filters designed and fabricated within some European Projects have also been presented. All these implementation examples probe the interest of using BAW technology for wireless transceivers for communications. The actual trend is going towards duplexer (or multiplexer) modules and providing a single BAW chip with 2 or more filters. Filterâ€™s reconfigurability is also a research subject.
Utility of 2‐Aminothiophene‐3‐carboxamide in the Synthesis of Biologically Active, Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Role of aluminum-magnesium alloys in humid aging of composite solid propellants (1989)

The humid aging of composite propellants containing a terpolymer of polybutadiene, acrylic acid, and acrylonitrile (PBAN) as a binder has been studied as a function of aging temperature, relative humidity, and aging time. Three composite types - AP-PBAN, AP-Al-PBAN, and AP-(Al-Mg) alloy- PBAN - have been studied. The burning rates of all three propellant types were unaffected by aging. The calorimetric values of composites containing aluminum-magnesium alloy decreased on aging, and the lattice parameter of the alloy decreased to a value close to that of aluminum. Water absorption in all of the samples increased with increases in the temperature, relative humidity, and aging time. The compression strength of the nonmetalized and aluminized samples decreased on aging, whereas that of the composites containing the alloy increased. The latter effect has been traced to reaction of residual carboxyl groups on the polymer chains with magnesium, leading to cross-linking. The reaction between the -COOH groups and magnesium has been proved using infrared spectroscopy. (Author)
Array comparative genome hybridization for tumor classification and gene discovery in mouse models of malignant melanoma. (2003)

Chromosomal numerical aberrations (CNAs), particularly regional amplifications and deletions, are a hallmark of solid tumor genomes. These genomic alterations carry the potential to convey etiologic and clinical significance by virtue of their clonality within a tumor cell population, their distinctive patterns in relation to tumor staging, and their recurrence across different tumor types. In this study, we showed that array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of genome-wide CNAs can classify tumors on the basis of differing etiologies and provide mechanistic insights to specific biological processes. In a RAS-induced p19(Arf-/-) mouse model that experienced accelerated melanoma formation after UV exposure, array-CGH analysis was effective in distinguishing phenotypically identical melanomas that differed solely by previous UV exposure. Moreover, classification by array-CGH identified key CNAs unique to each class, including amplification of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 in UV-treated cohort, a finding consistent with our recent report that UVB targets components of the p16(INK4a)-cyclin-dependent kinase-RB pathway in melanoma genesis (K. Kannan, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 21: 2003). These results are the first to establish the utility of array-CGH as a means of etiology-based tumor classification in genetically defined cancer-prone models.
Multichannel acoustic echo suppression (2013)

Acoustic echo suppression (AES) provides an attractive alternative to acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) techniques for full-duplex communication in low-complexity systems. However, so far AES techniques are commonly known to introduce significant distortions to the desired signal. Moreover, most traditional echo control techniques typically require accurately detecting the contribution of the near-end speaker to the microphone signal (“double talk”). The extension of AES techniques to the multichannel case usually assumes a symmetric system design which is often not fulfilled by typical scenarios. In this paper we propose a novel approach to multichannel acoustic echo suppression, which aims at extracting the near-end signal using a constraint for a distortionless output, without requiring a double-talk detector, or a symmetric system design. In addition to the above mentioned properties, the multichannel AES is also shown to overcome the known challenges in conventional multichannel acoustic echo control setups.
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide: gaseous messengers in cerebrovascular circulation (2006)

This review focuses on two gaseous cellular messenger molecules, CO and H2S, that are involved in cerebrovascular flow regulation. CO is a dilatory mediator in active hyperemia, autoregulation, hypoxic dilation, and counteracting vasoconstriction. It is produced from heme by a constitutively expressed enzyme [heme oxygenase (HO)-2] expressed highly in the brain and by an inducible enzyme (HO-1). CO production is regulated by controlling substrate availability, HO-2 catalytic activity, and HO-1 expression. CO dilates arterioles by binding to heme that is bound to large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. This binding elevates channel Ca2+ sensitivity, that increases coupling of Ca2+ sparks to large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel openings and, thereby, hyperpolarizes the vascular smooth muscle. In addition to dilating blood vessels, CO can either inhibit or accentuate vascular cell proliferation and apoptosis, depending on conditions. H2S may also function as a cerebrovascular dilator. It is produced in vascular smooth muscle cells by hydrolysis of l-cysteine catalyzed by cystathione gamma-lyase (CSE). H2S dilates arterioles at physiologically relevant concentrations via activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. In addition to dilating blood vessels, H2S promotes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits proliferation-associated vascular remodeling. Thus both CO and H2S modulate the function and the structure of circulatory system. Both the HO-CO and CSE-H2S systems have potential to interact with NO and prostanoids in the cerebral circulation. Much of the physiology and biochemistry of HO-CO and CSE-H2S in the cerebral circulation remains open for exploration.
Local migration quantification method for scratch assays (2019)

The scratch assay is an in vitro technique used to assess the contribution of molecular and cellular mechanisms to cell migration. The assay can also be used to evaluate therapeutic compounds before clinical use. Current quantification methods of scratch assays deal poorly with irregular cell-free areas and crooked leading edges which are features typically present in the experimental data. We introduce a new migration quantification method, called 'monolayer edge velocimetry', that permits analysis of low-quality experimental data and better statistical classification of migration rates than standard quantification methods. The new method relies on quantifying the horizontal component of the cell monolayer velocity across the leading edge. By performing a classification test on in silico data, we show that the method exhibits significantly lower statistical errors than standard methods. When applied to in vitro data, our method outperforms standard methods by detecting differences in the migration rates between different cell groups that the other methods could not detect. Application of this new method will enable quantification of migration rates from in vitro scratch assay data that cannot be analysed using existing methods.
Dendritic and Linear Macromolecular Architectures for Photovoltaics: A Photoinduced Charge Transfer Investigation (2009)

Dendrimers have been previously shown to provide significant advantages in both excited-state energy transfer and charge transfer. However, this architecture causes one of the charges to be encapsulated and thus not available for charge separation over long distances. We conceived dendron-rod-coils as scaffolds that could have the architectural advantage of the dendrimers, while still providing a possible conduit for charge separation. In this study, we have designed and synthesized dendron-rod-coil-based donor-chromophore-acceptor triads and have compared these with dendron-rod and rod-coil diads. We have then evaluated the relative abilities of these molecules in photoinduced charge transfer. Our studies reveal that dendron-rod-coil could indeed be the ideal architecture for efficient photoinduced charge separation.
Quantification of Contrast Sensitivity and Color Perception using Head-worn Augmented Reality Displays (2009)

Augmented reality (AR) displays often reduce the visual capabilities of the user. This reduction can be measured both objectively and through user studies. We acquired objective measurements with a color meter and conducted two user studies for each of two key measurements. First was the combined effect of resolution and display contrast, which equate to the visual acuity and apparent brightness. The combined effect may be captured by the contrast sensitivity function and measured through analogs of optometric exams. We expanded the number of commercial devices tested in previous studies, including higher resolution and video-overlay AR displays. We found patterns of reduced contrast sensitivity similar to previous work; however, we saw that all displays enabled users to achieve the maximum possible acuity with at least moderate levels of contrast. The second measurement was the perception of color. Objective measurements showed a distortion of color, notably in the blue region of color space. We devised a color matching task to quantify the distortion of color perception, finding that the displays themselves were poor at showing colors in the blue region of color space and that the perceptual distortion of such colors was even greater than the objective distortion. We noted significantly different distortions and variability between displays.
Theory of mutual coupling among minimum-scattering antennas (1970)

A novel and rigorou formulation for mutual impedance among a class of idealized but realizable antennas is presented. Unlike past treatments of mutual coupling, which have proceeded from structurally specified antennas, the present treatment deals with a class of antennas, all the electromagnetic properties of which are rigorously expressed explicitly in terms of their radiation patterns alone. Employing a network formulation based on a scattering representation of electromagnetic fields in terms of spherical (or cylindrical) modes, the mutual impedances between such antennas are computed exactly. Several alternate representations for the mutual impedance are derived, one of which is an integral representation involving the power pattern function for both real and complex angles. In special cases, these exact results agree with published results obtained by applying well-known approximate techniques to structurally specified antennas. An important and illuminating example is provided by an infinite planar array of antennas radiating into a half-space for which the present formulation yields the well-known grating-lobe series representation of the active impedance without an explicit reference to structural properties of the radiating elements.
Thallium-201 scintigraphy in pediatric soft-tissue tumors. (1995)

This study shows significant uptake of 201Tl in many pediatric solid soft-tissue tumors. Additional study is needed to determine 201Tl effects on treatment response and tumor viability. Also, more studies are needed to assess 201Tl delayed images to determine if there is more tracer concentration in the tumors.
Delta-Connected Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Grid Integration (2016)

The cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter is becoming a promising candidate for use in next generation large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. However, solar power generation in the three converter phase-legs can be significantly unbalanced, especially in a large geographically-dispersed plant. The power imbalance between the three phases defines a limit for the injection of balanced three-phase currents to the grid. This paper quantifies the performance of, and experimentally confirms, the recently proposed delta-connected CHB converter for PV applications as an alternative configuration for large-scale PV power plants. The required voltage and current overrating for the converter is analytically developed and compared against the star-connected counterpart. It is shown that the delta-connected CHB converter extends the balancing capabilities of the star-connected CHB and can accommodate most imbalance cases with relatively small overrating. Experimental results from a laboratory prototype are provided to validate the operation of the delta-connected CHB converter under various power imbalance cases.
Low α‐Amylase Starch Digestibility of Cooked Sorghum Flours and the Effect of Protein (1998)

ABSTRACT The comparably low starch digestibility of cooked sorghum flours was studied with reference to normal maize. Four sorghum cultivars that represent different types of endosperm were used. Starch digestibilities of 4% cooked sorghum flour suspensions, measured as reducing sugars liberated following α‐amylase digestion, were 15–25% lower than for cooked maize flour, but there were no differences among the cooked pure starches. After the flours were predigested with pepsin to remove some proteins, the starch digestibility of cooked sorghum flours increased 7–14%, while there was only 2% increase in normal maize; however, there was no effect of pepsin treatment on starch digestibility if the flours were first cooked and then digested. After cooking with reducing agent, 100 m M sodium metabisulfite, starch digestibility of sorghum flours increased significantly while no significant effect was observed for maize. Also, starch solubility of sorghum flours at 85 and 100°C was lower than in maize, and sodium metabisulfite increased solubility much more in sorghum than in maize. Differential scanning calorimetry results of the flour residue after α‐amylase digestion did not show any peaks over a temperature range of 20–120°C, indicating that sorghum starches had all undergone gelatinization. These findings indicate that the protein in cooked sorghum flour pastes plays an important role in making a slowly digesting starch.
Modified Framingham Risk Factor Score for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2016)

An mFRS in which each item is multiplied by 2 more accurately predicts CAD in patients with SLE.
Azelaaldehydic acid ester‐acetal derivatives as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (1966)

Abstract Certain ester‐acetal derivatives of azelaaldehydic acid have been evaluated as a new type of plasticizer of PVC. In gerneral, these compouonds have high compatibility and impart excellent low‐temperature, mechanical, heat‐ and light ‐stability properties to the plasticized PVC. The 2‐ethylihexyl ester bis (2‐methoxyethyl) acetal, in particular, appeared to have the best combination of properties for a useful plasticizer. The results indicate that a unique and useful type of plasticizer‐stabilizer can be obtained from derivatives of azelaaldehydic acid.
GPUvm: why not virtualizing GPUs at the hypervisor? (2014)

Graphics processing units (GPUs) provide orders-of-magnitude speedup for compute-intensive data-parallel applications. However, enterprise and cloud computing domains, where resource isolation of multiple clients is required, have poor access to GPU technology. This is due to lack of operating system (OS) support for virtualizing GPUs in a reliable manner. To make GPUs more mature system citizens, we present an open architecture of GPU virtualization with a particular emphasis on the Xen hypervisor. We provide design and implementation of full- and para-virtualization, including optimization techniques to reduce overhead of GPU virtualization. Our detailed experiments using a relevant commodity GPU show that the optimized performance of GPU para-virtualization is yet two or three times slower than that of pass-through and native approaches, whereas full-virtualization exhibits a different scale of overhead due to increased memory-mapped I/O operations. We also demonstrate that coarse-grained fairness on GPU resources among multiple virtual machines can be achieved by GPU scheduling; finer-grained fairness needs further architectural support by the nature of non-preemptive GPU workload.
New advances in three-dimensional controlled-source electromagnetic inversion (2007)

New techniques for improving both the computational and imaging performance of the three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic inverse problem are presented. A non-linear conjugate gradient algorithm is the framework of the inversion scheme. Full wave equation modelling for controlled sources is utilized for data simulation along with an efficient gradient computation approach for the model update. Improving the modelling efficiency of the 3D finite difference method involves the separation of the potentially large modelling mesh, defining the set of model parameters, from the computational finite difference meshes used for field simulation. Grid spacings and thus overall grid sizes can be reduced and optimized according to source frequencies and source-receiver offsets of a given input data set. Further computational efficiency is obtained by combining different levels of parallelization. While the parallel scheme allows for an arbitrarily large number of parallel tasks, the relative amount of message passing is kept constant. Image enhancement is achieved by model parameter transformation functions, which enforce bounded conductivity parameters and thus prevent parameter overshoots. Further, a remedy for treating distorted data within the inversion process is presented. Data distortions simulated here include positioning errors and a highly conductive overburden, hiding the desired target signal. The methods are demonstrated using both synthetic and field data.
Assessing clinical efficacy of a hydrocolloid/alginate dressing on full-thickness pressure ulcers. (1995)

An absorbent hydrocolloid/alginate spiral dressing and a hydrocolloid secondary dressing were used in the management of 30 patients with 30 exuding State III and IV pressure ulcers. After a mean treatment time of 12.9 days (SD 6.5), all wounds had a significant increase in the amount of granulation tissue/epithelium and a decrease in the amount of devitalized tissue (p < 0.05). Wounds that underwent wide surgical debridement prior to the study were covered with 15 percent fibrin slough at study entry versus 39 percent for non-debrided wounds (p < 0.05). The dressing combination facilitated wound contraction and removal of fibrin slough in ulcers that were surgically debrided prior to the study. Ulcers which had not been surgically debrided expanded as autolytic debridement reduced the amount of fibrin slough/necrotic tissue present at the wound bed (Mean: 17.6 percent, p < 0.05). The absorbent spiral dressing helped manage exudate, was easy to use and comfortable for the patients. The average time between dressing changes in these exuding wounds was 1.56 days (SD = 0.95). Use of air-fluidized bed or mattress was found to significantly reduce wear time of the dressing (p < 0.01). Further studies are needed to confirm short-term, and evaluate long-term effects of this dressing combination on healing and debridement.
Design and Social Innovation at the Margins: Finding and Making Cultures of Plurality (2019)

Design has become a global activity dominated by one set of cultural interests to produce a consistency of practice. This essay uses an experience of design for social innovation in northern Finland, inspired by land and place, to speculate upon the dimensions across which plurality in designing could be embraced in an increasingly globalized world. Informed by discussions while helping to run the Design and Social Innovation in Asia-Pacific events of 2016, it uses Kasulis’ analysis of cultural orientation and his insight that a key difference underpinning cultures is how people may orientate towards intimacy and integrity. It then explores what a form of intimate design might look like. In doing so, it uses Ingold’s study of North-ness to challenge totalizing narratives of progress and explore what a marginal view can offer to address site-specific needs and dispense with design orthodoxies.
Quantification of Organic and Amino Acids in Beer by<sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectroscopy (2004)

The quantification of organic and amino acids in beer using 1H NMR spectroscopy is demonstrated. Quantification was made both by integration of signals in the spectra together with use of calibration references and by use of partial least-squares (PLS) regression. Results from the NMR quantifications were compared with those obtained from determinations by amino acid analysis on HPLC and organic acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis. The described NMR-based methods could satisfactorily be used for quantification of several of the investigated metabolites in beer down to approximately 10 mg/L and for most with a good to high accuracy compared to results obtained by HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (R2 0.90-0.99). This was achieved with a simple sample preparation and one-dimensional 1H NMR spectra obtained in a few minutes. The use of PLS clearly improves the accuracy of the quantifications, based on comparison to results obtained by HPLC and capillary electrophoresis, and furthermore permits the determination of components with partially overlapped signals in the spectrum. NMR spectroscopy in combination with PLS will be a useful tool for the quantification of metabolites, not only in beer but also in other beverages and biofluids.