gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the zinc transporter SLC30A2/ZnT2 in transient neonatal zinc deficiency (2017)

Breast milk is the optimal nutrient mix for infants until the age of 6 months. However, in some cases, due to genetic alterations as well as nutrient deficiencies in nursing mothers, infants may suffer from inadequate levels of micronutrients upon exclusive breastfeeding. In this respect, transient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the zinc transporter SLC30A2/ZnT2 gene, resulting in poor secretion of zinc into the breast milk. Consequently, infants exclusively breastfed with zinc-deficient breast milk develop severe zinc deficiency. The main initial symptoms of zinc deficiency are dermatitis, diarrhea, alopecia, and loss of appetite. Importantly, zinc supplementation of these zinc-deficient infants effectively and rapidly resolves these TNZD symptoms. In the current review, we present the major steps towards the identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying TNZD and propose novel approaches that could be implemented in order to achieve an early diagnosis of TNZD towards the prevention of TNZD morbidity. We also discuss the importance of assessing the prevalence of TNZD in the general population, while taking into consideration its autosomal dominant inheritance that was recently established, also supported by a large number of SLC30A2/ZnT2 variants recently identified in American lactating mothers. These findings indicating that TNZD is more frequent than initially thought, along with the increasing number of TNZD cases that were recently reported worldwide, prompted us here to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of SLC30A2/ZnT2 variants in order to supplement zinc-deficient infants in real-time, thus preventing TNZD morbidity and enhancing newborn health. This early genetic diagnosis of zinc deficiency could possibly prove to be a useful platform for the identification of other micronutrient deficiencies, which could be readily resolved by proper real-time supplementation of the infant's diet.
GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.: a high-speed optical detector (1977)

The application of a GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. as a high-speed optical detector has been investigated and compared with the result of a fast a.p.d.
Towards graceful aging degradation in NoCs through an adaptive routing algorithm (2012)

Continuous technology scaling has made aging mechanisms such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and electromigration primary concerns in Network-on-Chip (NoC) designs. In this paper, we model the effects of these aging mechanisms on NoC components such as routers and links using a novel reliability metric called Traffic Threshold per Epoch (TTpE). We observe a critical need of a robust aging-aware routing algorithm that not only reduces power-performance overheads caused due to aging degradation but also minimizes the stress experienced by heavily utilized routers and links. To solve this problem, we propose an aging-aware adaptive routing algorithm and a router microarchitecture that routes the packets along the paths which are both least congested and experience minimum aging stress. After an extensive experimental analysis using real workloads, we observe a 13%, 12.7% average overhead reduction in network latency and Energy-Delay-Product-Per-Flit (EDPPF) and a 10.4% improvement in performance using our aging-aware routing algorithm.
Using a web-based categorization approach to generate thematic metadata from texts (2004)

Conventional tools for automatic metadata creation mostly extract named entities or text segments from texts and annotate them with information about persons, locations, dates, and so on. However, this kind of entity type information is often insufficient for machines to understand the facts contained in the texts, thus precluding the possibility of implementing more advanced, intelligent applications, such as concept-based search. In this work, we try to create more refined thematic metadata inherent in texts. Based on Web resource mining, our approach acquires training corpora necessary to describe both the thematic categories and the metadata extracted from the texts. The approach then finds the corresponding relationships among them by means of categorization and thus generates thematic metadata for the textual data. Experimental results confirm the potential and wide adaptability of our approach.
PET Imaging of VMAT2 with the Novel Radioligand [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in Nonhuman Primates: Comparison with [<sup>11</sup>C]DTBZ and [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ (2021)

The vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) is believed to be responsible for the uptake of monoamines into the vesicles of the synaptic terminals. Two VMAT2 radioligands [<sup>11</sup>C]DTBZ and [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-DTBZ have been used to assess the degree of nigrostriatal deficit in Parkinson's disease (PD) using positron emission tomography (PET). [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4, the nondeuterated analogue of [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ showed similar imaging properties with better stability against defluorination. Therefore, [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4 draws attention to be investigated as an imaging marker for VMAT2 in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain kinetics and quantification of [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in nonhuman primates (NHPs), with comparison to [<sup>11</sup>C]DTBZ and [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ. Radiolabeling was successfully achieved either by one-step <sup>11</sup>C-methylation or by a two-step fluorine-18 nucleophilic substitution reaction. The stability and radiochemical yield were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three female cynomolgus monkeys were included in the study and underwent a total of 12 positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. Each monkey was examined with each tracer. In addition, two pretreatment and one displacement PET measurements with tetrabenazine (2.0 mg/kg) were performed for [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4. All PET measurements were conducted using a high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT) system. Radiometabolites were measured in monkey plasma using gradient radio-HPLC. [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4 (SUV: 4.28 ± 1.01) displayed higher brain uptake compared to both [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ (SUV: 3.43 ± 0.54) and [<sup>11</sup>C]DTBZ (SUV: 3.06 ± 0.32) and faster washout. Binding potential (BP<sub>ND</sub>) values of [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in different brain regions (putamen: 5.5 ± 1.4; caudate: 4.4 ± 1.1; midbrain: 1.4 ± 0.4) were higher than those of [<sup>11</sup>C]DTBZ and [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ. [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ showed faster radiometabolism in plasma compared to [<sup>11</sup>C]DTBZ and [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4. [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4 is a suitable radioligand for quantification of VMAT2 in the nonhuman primate brain, with better imaging properties than [<sup>11</sup>C]DTBZ and [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ. A preliminary comparison suggests that [<sup>18</sup>F]FE-DTBZ-d4 has increased stability against defluorination compared to the nondeuterated analogue.
Synthesis of High Quality Monolayer Graphene at Reduced Temperature on Hydrogen-Enriched Evaporated Copper (111) Films (2012)

We report new findings on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of monolayer graphene with negligible defects (≥95% negligible defect-peak over 200 μm × 200 μm areas) on evaporated copper films. Compared to copper foils used in the CVD of graphene, several new unexpected results have been observed including high-quality monolayer synthesis at temperatures <900 °C, a new growth window using a hydrogen-free methane precursor for low-defects, and electron microscope evidence of commensurate growth of graphene grains on underlying copper grains. These thermal, chemical, and physical growth characteristics of graphene on copper films can be attributed to the distinct differences in the dominant crystal orientation of copper films (111) versus foils (100), and consequent dissimilar interplay with the precursor gas. This study suggests that reduced temperature, hydrogen-free synthesis of defect-negligible monolayer graphene is feasible, with the potential to shape and scale graphene grains by controlling the size and crystal orientation of the underlying copper grains.
Fingering instability of a retracting solid film edge (2005)

A thin gold film under annealing on a silica substrate can develop “fingers” at the perimeter of the film. The perimeter retracts to leave behind longer fingers, which eventually pinch off to reduce the surface energy of the system. New fingers then form at the film edge and the process continues until the entire film disintegrates. To maintain the structure integrity of annealed thin films, this fingering instability must be understood. The retraction of a straight film edge via capillarity-driven surface diffusion has been analyzed in two dimensions by Wong et al.[Acta Mater. 48, 1719 (2000)]. They found that a retracting film is thickened at the edge followed by a valley before the film thickness becomes uniform. We study the three-dimensional linear stability of this two-dimensional film profile and find one unstable mode of perturbation. The growth rate of the perturbation is determined as a function of the wavelength of the perturbation and the speed of the receding edge. The results show that a straight film edge becomes wavy when perturbed. The wavelength λm of the fastest growing perturbation agrees with the distance between adjacent fingers observed in a gold-film experiment. Fingers can also form during annealing at the retracting edges of cracks in sapphire, and our predicted λm compares well with the measured finger spacing.
360° endoscopy using panomorph lens technology (2010)

Minimally invasive surgical procedures or examinations require increasingly sophisticated devices to explore the interior of the patient's body. The new generation of medical scopes takes advantage of the recent progresses in optic miniaturization and high resolution imaging sensors (1.3MP). Even with such high resolution, the endoscopic vision remains quite different than human vision, especially regarding the field of view. Several optical systems have been developed to meet large field of view requirements. However most of these optical systems suffer from low resolution or poor quality. This paper presents the results of our investigation of a new innovative approach based on a wide angle panomorph lens designed for endoscopes and its dedicated visualisation software. This lens is based on human vision which increases the resolution in the field of view of interest to meet the image quality requirement specific to endoscopic applications. We show how the wide angle field of view, augmented resolution, close focus and distortion-free multi-visualisation software can improve laparoscopic and other endoscopic procedures.
Nitrenium ions.Part 5. For Part 4 see ref. 1 Reactions of N,N-dimethyl-p-benzoyloxyaniline-iminium chloride with indoles and indolizines. X-ray structure of unexpected [2-chloro-4-(4-dimethylaminophenyl-ONN-azoxy)phenyl]dimethylamine (azoxy derivative) (2003)

N,N-Dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline reacts with benzoyl chloride affording a complex salt containing a cation, a hybrid between a nitrenium ion and an iminium ion. The salt reacts with nucleophiles (indoles, indolizines) yielding compounds characterized by a new carbon-nitrogen bond, derived from the nitrenium ion form. According to the type of nucleophile, the reaction, to differing extents, is in competition with an electron transfer process which leads to the formation of the dimer of the nucleophile and of the azoxy corresponding to the N,N-dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline. In one of the reactions studied, a chlorinated azoxy derivative was also isolated, and its structure was elucidated by X-ray analysis.
Central Effects of Cinnamaldehyde (1984)

Effects of cinnamaldehyde on general behaviour, locomotor activity, body temperature and striatal levels of dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites were studied in mice. Cinnamaldehyde produced a decrease in the spontaneous activity at higher doses than 30 mg/kg, i.p., and produced a transient excitation or running fit prior to marked depression at higher doses than 100 mg/kg, i.p. Cinnamaldehyde at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg, i.p., suppressed locomotor activity produced by apomorphine or methamphetamine. In reserpine-pretreated mice, running fit was produced with cinnamaldehyde at lower doses than those in normal mice. Cinnamaldehyde markedly reversed reserpine-induced hypothermia as did imipramine. Cinnamaldehyde at a dose of 500 mg/kg, i.p., significantly increased the striatal levels of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These results suggest that cinnamaldehyde has central inhibitory and excitatory effects which may be derived from interaction with monoaminergic neurons in the central nervous system.
Real-Time Digital Signal Processing from MATLAB® to C with the TMS320C6x DSPs, Second Edition (2011)

From the Foreword: There are many good textbooks today to teach digital signal processing, but most of them are content to teach the theory, and perhaps some MATLAB simulations. This book has taken a bold step forward. It not only presents the theory, it reinforces it with simulations, and then it shows us how to actually use the results in real-time applications. This last step is not a trivial step, and that is why so many books, and courses, present only theory and simulations. With the combined expertise of the three authors of this textthe reader can step into the real-time world of applications with a text that presents an accessible path Delores M. Etter, Texas Instruments Distinguished Chair in Electrical Engineering and Executive Director, Caruth Institute for Engineering Education, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA Mastering practical application of real-time digital signal processing (DSP) remains one of the most challenging and time-consuming pursuits in the field. It is even more difficult without a resource to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Filling that void, Real-Time Digital Signal Processing from MATLAB to C with the TMS320C6x DSPs, Second Edition is organized in three sections that cover enduring fundamentals and present practical projects and invaluable appendices. This updated edition gives readers hands-on experience in real-time DSP using a practical, step-by-step framework that also incorporates demonstrations, exercises, and problems, coupled with brief overviews of applicable theory and MATLAB application. Engineers, educators, and students rely on this book for precise, simplified instruction on use of real-time DSP applications. The books software supports the latest high-performance hardware, including the powerful, inexpensive, and versatile OMAP-L138 Experimenter Kit and other development boards. Incorporating readers valuable feedback and suggestions, this installment covers additional topics (such as PN sequences) and more advanced real-time DSP projects (including higher-order digital communications projects), making it even more valuable as a learning tool.
High-field 11B NMR of alkali borates. Aqueous polyborate equilibria (1983)

Spectres RMN de 11 B a 127 et 160 MHz de solutions aqueuses de KB 5 O 8 •4H 2 O, K 2 B 5 O 8 (OH)•2H 2 O, K 2 B 4 O 7 •4H 2 O et NaB 5 O 8 •5H 2 O. Separation des signaux et discussion des especes formees en fonction de la concentration
A novel approach for partitioning iteration spaces with variable densities (2005)

Efficient partitioning of parallel loops plays a critical role in high performance and efficient use of multiprocessor systems. Although a significant amount of work has been done in partitioning and scheduling of loops with rectangular iteration spaces, the problem of partitioning non-rectangular iteration spaces --- e.g., triangular, trapezoidal iteration spaces --- with variable densities has not been addressed so far to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for partitioning N-dimensional non-rectangular iteration spaces with variable densities. We present a unimodular loop transformation and a geometric approach for partitioning an iteration space along an axis corresponding to the outermost loop across a given number of processors to achieve near-optimal performance, i.e., to achieve near-optimal load balance across different processors. We present a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Influence of Inhibitors on the Differential Aeration Attack of Steel (1965)

Influence of both passivators and cathodic potential activators on the behavior of differential aeration cells depends chiefly on their influence on the potential differences of the cells. Good inhibition results when this potential difference is reduced to a low value. Increased cathodic polarization appears to be involved in the development of protection by cathodic potential activators.
Imaging with the tunneling and force microscopes (2002)

Two instruments for viewing small structures are reviewed. The theory, construction, and microfabrication of the scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope are discussed. Some results are included. >
DONOR TREATMENT WITH MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL (2000)

Donor treatment with mycophenolate mofetil protects cardiac grafts against primary nonfunction after prolonged tepid storage, which may be related to the inhibition of glycosylation of cell adhesion molecules involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Influence of a Rare Sugar, <scp>d</scp>-Psicose, on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of an Aerated Food System Containing Egg Albumen (2008)

d-Psicose (Psi) might be an ideal sucrose (Suc) substitute for food products due to its sweet taste, easy processing, and functional properties (noncaloric and low glycemic response). In the present study, the effects of Psi on foaming properties of egg white (EW) protein and the quality of butter cookies were analyzed to find a better use of Psi in aerated food systems. The results showed that Psi could improve the foaming properties of EW protein with increasing whipping time in comparison to Suc and d-fructose (Fru). The addition of Psi to butter cookies, as partial replacement of Suc, had no influence on the cook loss while significantly contributing to a color change of the cookie crust through a nonenzymatic browning reaction. Furthermore, Psi-containing cookies possessed the highest antioxidant capacity in all tested cookies using two assays of radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power. It was found that there was a close correlation between the crust color and the antioxidant activity of the cookie. The results suggest that the addition of Psi enhanced the browning reaction during cookie processing and, consequently, produced a strong antioxidant activity.
Mechanisms of estrogen receptor antagonism toward p53 and its implications in breast cancer therapeutic response and stem cell regulation (2010)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) plays an important role in the onset and progression of breast cancer, whereas p53 functions as a major tumor suppressor. We previously reported that ERalpha binds to p53, resulting in inhibition of transcriptional regulation by p53. Here, we report on the molecular mechanisms by which ERalpha suppresses p53's transactivation function. Sequential ChIP assays demonstrated that ERalpha represses p53-mediated transcriptional activation in human breast cancer cells by recruiting nuclear receptor corepressors (NCoR and SMRT) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). RNAi-mediated down-regulation of NCoR resulted in increased endogenous expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1) (CDKN1A) gene, a prototypic transcriptional target of p53. While 17beta-estradiol (E2) enhanced ERalpha binding to p53 and inhibited p21 transcription, antiestrogens decreased ERalpha recruitment and induced transcription. The effects of estrogen and antiestrogens on p21 transcription were diametrically opposite to their known effects on the conventional ERE-containing ERalpha target gene, pS2/TFF1. These results suggest that ERalpha uses dual strategies to promote abnormal cellular proliferation: enhancing the transcription of ERE-containing proproliferative genes and repressing the transcription of p53-responsive antiproliferative genes. Importantly, ERalpha binds to p53 and inhibits transcriptional activation by p53 in stem/progenitor cell-containing murine mammospheres, suggesting a potential role for the ER-p53 interaction in mammary tissue homeostasis and cancer formation. Furthermore, retrospective studies analyzing response to tamoxifen therapy in a subset of patients with ER-positive breast cancer expressing either wild-type or mutant p53 suggest that the presence of wild-type p53 is an important determinant of positive therapeutic response.
Isolation of cDNA encoding full‐length rat (Rattus norvegicus) poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (1997)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (EC 2.4.2.30) is a nuclear enzyme which binds to DNA breaks and then catalyzes the covalent modification of acceptor proteins with poly(ADP-ribose). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity contributes to the recovery of proliferating cells from DNA damage and to the maintenance of genomic stability, which may be mediated by effects on chromatin structure, DNA base-excision repair and cell cycle regulation. We established the complete cDNA sequence of rat poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by RT-PCR and direct sequencing of amplification products and compared it with that of other mammalian species. The amino acid sequence homology is strikingly high. The best conserved regions are the known functional modules of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
Müller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina (2007)

Although biological cells are mostly transparent, they are phase objects that differ in shape and refractive index. Any image that is projected through layers of randomly oriented cells will normally be distorted by refraction, reflection, and scattering. Counterintuitively, the retina of the vertebrate eye is inverted with respect to its optical function and light must pass through several tissue layers before reaching the light-detecting photoreceptor cells. Here we report on the specific optical properties of glial cells present in the retina, which might contribute to optimize this apparently unfavorable situation. We investigated intact retinal tissue and individual Müller cells, which are radial glial cells spanning the entire retinal thickness. Müller cells have an extended funnel shape, a higher refractive index than their surrounding tissue, and are oriented along the direction of light propagation. Transmission and reflection confocal microscopy of retinal tissue in vitro and in vivo showed that these cells provide a low-scattering passage for light from the retinal surface to the photoreceptor cells. Using a modified dual-beam laser trap we could also demonstrate that individual Müller cells act as optical fibers. Furthermore, their parallel array in the retina is reminiscent of fiberoptic plates used for low-distortion image transfer. Thus, Müller cells seem to mediate the image transfer through the vertebrate retina with minimal distortion and low loss. This finding elucidates a fundamental feature of the inverted retina as an optical system and ascribes a new function to glial cells.
An extended temperature range UHF RFID front-end in CMOS 350 nm (2015)

This paper describes the architecture and the transistor-level implementation of a UHF RFID front-end designed in CMOS 0.35μm technology with limited analog options to comply with EPC Class1/Generation2 standard. Since power acquisition is critical to RFID tag performance, two rectifier architectures are proposed and their performance is assessed by simulation in extended temperature range. In spite of technology constraints, good performance and low power consumption are obtained by the RFID front-end.