gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excitation of Surface Acoustic Waves Using Electron Acoustic Microscope (1984)

A focused, modulated electron beam can generate acoustic bulk waves and surface acoustic waves (SAW) at the surface of a front specimen. By conventional electron acoustic microscope the acoustic bulk waves are detected by a piezoelectric transducer at the rear surface. In this paper, acoustic surface waves which are effectively excited by electron beams are detected at the surface of the specimen. This technique gives better imaging than the bulk wave detection.
Visual Rating and the Use of Image Analysis for Assessing Different Symptoms of Citrus Canker on Grapefruit Leaves (2008)

Citrus canker is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and infects several citrus species in wet tropical and subtropical citrus growing regions. Accurate, precise, and reproducible disease assessment is needed for monitoring epidemics and disease response in breeding material. The objective of this study was to assess reproducibility of image analysis (IA) for measuring severity of canker symptoms and to compare this to visual assessments made by three visual raters (VR1-3) for various symptom types (lesion numbers, % area necrotic, and % area necrotic+chlorotic), and to assess inter- and intra-VR reproducibility. Digital images of 210 citrus leaves with a range of symptom severity were assessed on two separate occasions. IA was more precise than VRs for all symptom types (inter-assessment correlation coefficients, r, for lesion numbers by IA = 0.99, by VRs = 0.89 to 0.94; for %, r for % area necrotic+chlorotic for IA = 0.97 and for VRs = 0.86 to 0.89; and r for % area necrotic for IA = 0.96 and for VRs = 0.74 to 0.85). Accuracy based on Lin's concordance coefficient also followed a similar pattern, with IA being most consistently accurate for all symptom types (bias correction factor, C<sub>b</sub> = 0.99 to 1.00) compared to visual raters (C<sub>b</sub> = 0.85 to 1.00). Lesion number was the most reproducible symptom assessment (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, ρ<sub>c</sub>, = 0.76 to 0.99), followed by % area necrotic+chlorotic (ρ<sub>c</sub> = 0.85 to 0.97), and finally % area necrotic (ρ<sub>c</sub> = 0.72 to 0.96). Based on the "true" value provided by IA, precision among VRs was reasonable for number of lesions per leaf (r = 0.88 to 0.94), slightly less precision for % area necrotic+chlorotic (r = 0.87 to 0.92), and poorest precision for % area necrotic (r = 0.77 to 0.83). Loss in accuracy was less, but showed a similar trend with counts of lesion numbers (C<sub>b</sub> = 0.93 to 0.99) which was more consistently accurately reproduced by VRs than either % area necrotic (C<sub>b</sub> = 0.85 to 0.99) or % area necrotic+chlorotic (C<sub>b</sub> = 0.91 to 1.00). Thus, visual raters suffered losses in both precision and accuracy, with loss in precision estimating % area necrotic being the greatest. Indeed, only for % area necrotic was there a significant effect of rater (a two-way random effects model ANOVA returned a P < 0.001 and 0.016 for rater in assessments 1 and 2, respectively). VRs showed a marked preference for clustering of % area severity estimates, especially at severity >20% area (e.g., 25, 30, 35, 40, etc.), yet VRs were prepared to estimate disease of <1% area, and at 1% increments up to 20%. There was a linear relationship between actual disease (IA assessments) and VRs. IA appears to provide a highly reproducible way to assess canker-infected leaves for disease, but symptom characters (symptom heterogeneity, coalescence of lesions) could lead to discrepancies in results, and full automation of the system remains to be tested.
A New Process for the Production of p-Phenylenediamine Alternatively from Polyester Waste, Terephthalic Ester, or Terephthalic Acid (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Process for the Production of p-Phenylenediamine Alternatively from Polyester Waste, Terephthalic Ester, or Terephthalic AcidHans G. Zengel and Manfred J. BergfeldCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1976, 15, 3, 186–189Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360059a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i360059a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Microsoft Repository (1997)

The Microsoft Repository is an object-oriented repository that ships as a component of Visual Basic (Version 5.0). It includes a set of ActiveX interfaces that a developer can use to define information models, and a repository engine that is the underlying storage mechanism for these information models. The repository engine sits on top of a SQL database system. The repository is designed to meet the persistent storage needs of software tools. Its two main technical goals are: . compatibility with Microsoft&apos;s existing ActiveX object architecture consisting of the Component Object Model (COM) and Automation and . extensibility by customers and independent software vendors who need to tailor the repository by adding functionality to objects stored by the repository engine and extending information models provided by Microsoft and others. This paper explains how the Repository attains these goals by providing an object-oriented database (OODB) architecture based on Microsoft&apos;s binary ob...
Demonstration of single-electron buildup of an interference pattern (1989)

The wave–particle duality of electrons was demonstrated in a kind of two-slit interference experiment using an electron microscope equipped with an electron biprism and a position-sensitive electron-counting system. Such an experiment has been regarded as a pure thought experiment that can never be realized. This article reports an experiment that successfully recorded the actual buildup process of the interference pattern with a series of incoming single electrons in the form of a movie.
Mutations in <i>HNF1A</i> Result in Marked Alterations of Plasma Glycan Profile (2012)

A recent genome-wide association study identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A) as a key regulator of fucosylation. We hypothesized that loss-of-function HNF1A mutations causal for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) would display altered fucosylation of N-linked glycans on plasma proteins and that glycan biomarkers could improve the efficiency of a diagnosis of HNF1A-MODY. In a pilot comparison of 33 subjects with HNF1A-MODY and 41 subjects with type 2 diabetes, 15 of 29 glycan measurements differed between the two groups. The DG9-glycan index, which is the ratio of fucosylated to nonfucosylated triantennary glycans, provided optimum discrimination in the pilot study and was examined further among additional subjects with HNF1A-MODY (n = 188), glucokinase (GCK)-MODY (n = 118), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-α (HNF4A)-MODY (n = 40), type 1 diabetes (n = 98), type 2 diabetes (n = 167), and nondiabetic controls (n = 98). The DG9-glycan index was markedly lower in HNF1A-MODY than in controls or other diabetes subtypes, offered good discrimination between HNF1A-MODY and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (C statistic ≥ 0.90), and enabled us to detect three previously undetected HNF1A mutations in patients with diabetes. In conclusion, glycan profiles are altered substantially in HNF1A-MODY, and the DG9-glycan index has potential clinical value as a diagnostic biomarker of HNF1A dysfunction.
Multistage multiphase switched‐capacitor DC–DC converter with variable‐phase and PWM control (2011)

SUMMARY A closed‐loop multistage multiphase switched‐capacitor converter ( n ‐stage p ‐phase MPSC) is proposed with a variable‐phase control (VPC) and a pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) technique for low‐power step‐up conversion and high‐efficiency regulation. In this n ‐stage MPSC, n voltage doublers are connected in series for boosting the voltage gain up to 2 n at most. Here, VPC is suggested to realize a variable multiphase operation by changing the phase number p and topological path for the more suitable level of voltage gain so as to improve the power efficiency, especially for the lower output voltage Besides, PWM is adopted not only to enhance output regulation for different desired outputs, but also to reinforce output robustness to source/loading variation. Further, some theoretical analyses and designs include: n ‐stage p ‐phase MPSC model, steady‐state analysis, conversion ratio, power efficiency, output ripple, stability, capacitance selection, and control design. Finally, the closed‐loop MPSC is simulated, and the hardware is implemented and tested. All the results are illustrated to show the efficacy of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time-Reversal Experiments in Dipolar-Coupled Spin Systems (1971)

By applying a suitable sequence of strong rf fields, a system of dipolar-coupled nuclear spins can be made to behave as though the sign of the dipolar Hamiltonian had been reversed. The system then appears to develop backward in time, and states of nonequilibrium magnetization can be recovered in systems which would superficially appear to have decayed to equilibrium. This behavior is consistent with dynamical and thermodynamical principles, but shows that the spin-temperature hypothesis must be employed with caution. The theory of the timereversal phenomenon is discussed, including the practical limitations on the accuracy with which it can be achieved. Various echo experiments in the laboratory and in the rotating frame are reported. The application of repeated time reversals to the problem of high-resolution NMR in solids is discussed.
Front Cover: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 14/2005 (2005)

Front Cover: Carbon spheres were covalently functionalized with polymers by using an in situ atom transfer radical polymerization approach, resulting in significantly improved dispersibility in organic solvents. SEM and TEM observations show a uniform distribution of the carbon spheres in the continuous polymer phase. Further details can be found in the Communication by Y. Z. Jin, C. Gao, * H. W. Kroto, and T. Maekawa on page 1133.
Fibre grating time delay element for phased arrayantennas (1995)

The authors have demonstrated an optical fibre grating based delay line which produces time delays in increments as small as 31 ps. The device could provide a true time delay component for a phased array antenna.
Automatic optical polarization demultiplexing for polarization division multiplexed signals (2009)

We propose a new automatic optical polarization demultiplexing scheme for polarization division multiplexed (PDM) signals, which uses the radio frequency (RF) power from a low frequency RF power detector as a control signal. This scheme is based on the intrinsic characteristics of PDM signals and does not need to add a special signal at a PDM transmitter. The effectiveness of this demultiplexing method is experimentally demonstrated in a 2x10 Gb/s on-off-keying (OOK) PDM transmission system.
CFD Simulation and Heat Loss Analysis of the Solar Two Power Tower Receiver (2012)

Solar Two was a demonstration of the viability of molten salt power towers. The power tower was designed to produce enough thermal power to run a 10-MWe conventional Rankine cycle turbine. A critical component of this process was the solar tower receiver. The receiver was designed for an applied average heat flux of 430 kW/m2 with an outlet temperature of 565°C (838.15 K). The mass flow rate could be varied in the system to control the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid, which was high temperature molten salt. The heat loss in the actual system was calculated by using the power-on method which compares how much power is absorbed by the molten salt when using half of the heliostat field and then the full heliostat field. However, the total heat loss in the system was lumped into a single value comprised of radiation, convection, and conduction heat transfer losses. In this study, ANSYS FLUENT was used to evaluate and characterize the radiative and convective heat losses from this receiver system assuming two boundary conditions: (1) a uniform heat flux on the receiver and (2) a distributed heat flux generated from the code DELSOL. The results show that the distributed-flux models resulted in radiative heat losses that were ∼14% higher than the uniform-flux models, and convective losses that were ∼5–10% higher due to the resulting non-uniform temperature distributions. Comparing the simulations to known convective heat loss correlations demonstrated that surface roughness should be accounted for in the simulations. This study provides a model which can be used for further receiver design and demonstrates whether current convective correlations are appropriate for analytical evaluation of external solar tower receivers.
Étude spectrale de la luminescence due à l'excitation des gaz rares par les rayons α (1960)

On étudie les spectres de luminescence des gaz rares He, A, Kr et Xe excités par une source intense de rayons α. Le transfert d'énergie des états excités des gaz rares sur les impuretés mercure et azote pour des concentrations respectives de ces impuretés inférieures à 1 ppm et 100 ppm est démontré. Ces résultats confirment les mesures antérieures concernant la durée de luminescence et ses variations avec la concentration d'azote dans les gaz rares.
Improving the Layout of a Warehouse at the Coast Guard Aircraft Repair and Supply Center (1999)

We present a heuristic algorithm to evaluate alternative item and storage device locations in the Coast Guard's Aircraft Repair and Supply Center (ARSC) warehouse. The goal is to minimize the labor cost of item pickers by locating items in a way that reduces travel. The heuristic assigns items with the highest usage to the storage locations nearest the input/output point and evaluates alternative plans for relocating a limited number of storage devices by pairwise-interchange. We judge the quality of our results by comparing them to ARSC's current item locations and storage device layout. We also develop an iterative linear programming (LP) based algorithm that provides a lower bound on cost for comparison with the heuristic's results. Although implementing the iterative LP solution requires capital outlays beyond current budgets of the ABS C, the solution provides insight into layout and labor cost tradeoffs for long term planning. Our results show that expected travel distances and labor costs can be reduced by 40.2% by reassigning items to locations within ARSC's current configuration of storage devices. By interchanging only 7 of 51 storage devices ARSC could gain an additional 5.6% improvement for a total 45.8% reduction. Our iterative linear programming solution establishes a lower bound of 53.7% reduction over ARSC's current layout.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Electrodynamics of Crystals with High Reflectivity (1988)

We present results for the reflectivity, $R$ of two bulk crystals of ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ which, below the superconducting transition at ${T}_{c}$, show behavior consistent with perfect reflectivity up to an energy of $(3\ensuremath{-}4){k}_{\mathrm{B}}{T}_{c}$. We interpret the reproducibility and high $R$ values (especially $R\ensuremath{\sim}1$ below ${T}_{c}$) as indicative of intrinsic behavior in the highly conducting crystal planes probed by the light. Results above ${T}_{c}$ show that the charge carriers have an enhanced effective mass and low scattering rate at low frequency and temperature, indicating a strong interaction with some excitation.
Cross-Link Density Estimation of PDMS Networks with Precise Consideration of Networks Defects (2011)

Two series of randomly cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks with systematically varying and well-defined dangling chain and defect content were investigated by 1H double-quantum low-field NMR (DQ NMR), equilibrium swelling, and high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR (MAS NMR) experiments in order to obtain information about the absolute molecular weight of the polymer chains between two cross-links, Mc, and its distribution. A comparison of the experimental results from swelling and DQ NMR experiments with the results of Miller–Macosko calculations, based upon the reaction turnover determined by MAS NMR, clarifies the importance of a precise estimation of the defect fraction of the polymer network for a reliable determination of Mc. In order to properly account for network defects in the evaluation of equilibrium swelling as well as DQ NMR experiments, we use the elastically effective polymer volume fraction ϕp,el (that can be obtained from DQ NMR or simple Hahn echo experiments on samples swollen in deuterated solvent) and the variable weight-averaged functionality fwa of the cross-links taken from Miller–Macosko calculations. On the basis of the dependence of the so-obtained Mc on fwa, we are able to confirm the validity of the phantom model of rubber elasticity, and find good agreement between the results from the different methods. Small deviations only pertain to a proportionality factor different from unity, which for the case of equilibrium swelling is attributed to the shortcomings of the Flory–Rehner theory. We further address the quantitative interpretation of the residual dipolar coupling constant as the central result of DQ NMR on dry samples, which is confirmed to be proportional to the inverse Mc, but is also subject to systematic errors.
Direct Digital Control of the Diesel Fuel Injection Process (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The pump-pipe-injector-injection system is the most commonly used type of injection equipment for Diesel engines. In order to be compatible with digital engine control, this system needs to be modified. The resulting fuel injection system should have the following characteristics: mechanical simplicity, direct control capability and low cost.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on these requirements, the direct digital control of the pump-pipe-injector injection system has been investigated. A new solenoid control valve has been designed to simultaneously control the injection timing, fuel quantity and hydraulic performance. The conventional jerk-pump is very much simplified. A research type control unit based on a PC has been developed. The system has the possible configuration of electronic pump-pipe-valve-injector and electronic pump-valve-pipe-injector.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The system was designed and analyzed on the basis of a comprehensive mechanical - magnetic - electrical - hydraulic computer simulation of the system. A new type of drive circuit and computer interface as well as control software are presented.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The preliminary test results on the electronic pump-pipe-valve-injector system in a special experimental set-up and in a research diesel engine are reported.</div>
Molecular genetics of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (2006)

Rhabdoid tumors are extremely aggressive malignancies that generally occur in infants and young children. The most common locations are the kidney and central nervous system (atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor [RT]), although RTs can also arise in most soft-tissue sites. Rhabdoid tumors in all anatomical locations have a similar molecular origin. Mutation or deletion of both copies of the hSNF5/INI1 gene that maps to chromosome band 22q11.2 is observed in approximately 70% of primary tumors. An additional 20 to 25% of tumors have reduced expression at the RNA or protein level, indicative of a loss-of-function event. The INI1 protein is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The complex is recruited to promoters of a large variety of genes involved in cell signaling, growth, and differentiation. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the molecular genetics of RTs.
Rapid changes of nucleotide excision repair gene expression following UV-irradiation and cisplatin treatment of Dictyostelium discoideum (1998)

Organisms use different mechanisms to detect and repair different types of DNA damage, and different species vary in their sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has long been recognized for its unusual resistance to UV and ionizing radiation. We have recently cloned three nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes from Dictyostelium , the rep B, D and E genes (the homologs of the human xeroderma pigmentosum group B, D and E genes, respectively). Each of these genes has a unique pattern of expression during the multicellular development of this organism. We have now examined the response of these genes to DNA damage. The rep B and D DNA helicase genes are rapidly and transiently induced in a dose dependent manner following exposure to both UV-light and the widely used chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Interestingly, the rep E mRNA level is repressed by UV but not by cisplatin, implying unique signal transduction pathways for recognizing and repairing different types of damage. Cells from all stages of growth and development display the same pattern of NER gene expression following exposure to UV-light. These results suggest that the response to UV is independent of DNA replication, and that all the factors necessary for rapid transcription of these NER genes are either stable throughout development, or are continuously synthesized. It is significant that the up-regulation of the rep B and D genes in response to UV and chemical damage has not been observed to occur in cells from other species. We suggest that this rapid expression of NER genes is at least in part responsible for the unusual resistance of Dictyostelium to DNA damage.
Mitochondria dysfunction in lung cancer-induced muscle wasting in C2C12 myotubes (2014)

These data show that lung cancer-conditioned media alters electron flow in the ETC and increases mitochondrial ROS production, both of which may ultimately impair aerobic metabolism and decrease muscle endurance.