gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The retinoblastoma gene product is a cell cycle-dependent, nuclear matrix-associated protein. (1994)

The retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) has been established as a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator, although its mechanism of action remains obscure. The observations that several Rb-binding viral oncoproteins all associate with the nuclear matrix suggest that these interactions may occur on this structure. To determine whether Rb itself is a component of the matrix, we extracted synchronized cultured cells to isolate matrix proteins while preserving nuclear architecture. Immunoblot and immunolabeling data show that a significant portion of hypophosphorylated Rb associates with the matrix only during early G1. Mutant Rb in tumor cells did not associate with the matrix, whereas Rb-reconstituted cells contained abundant matrix-bound Rb. Rb is distributed widely throughout the matrix, particularly concentrated at the nuclear periphery and in nucleolar remnants. Core filaments of the matrix contained no detectable Rb. Our screening of expression libraries for potential Rb-associated proteins has identified several that are part of the matrix. Specifically, the peripheral matrix proteins lamin A and C bound Rb in vitro. We therefore suggest that Rb interactions with the nuclear matrix may be important for its ability to regulate cell cycle progression.
Synergistic roles of IgM and complement in antigen trapping and follicular localization (2002)

We have investigated the roles of IgM and complement (C) in the enhancement of primary immune responses and the localization of protein antigen (Ag) in the spleen. Pentameric but not monomeric IgM enhances antibody (Ab) responses in both wild-type and secretory micro-deficient (micro(s) (-/-)) mice, indicating that a single IgM clone is sufficient as long as it activates C. Ag localizes on follicular dendritic cells (FDC) within 16 h after injection of immune complexes (IC) containing pentameric but not monomeric IgM. Surprisingly, pentameric IgM-containing IC were trapped in spleens of C3-depleted and Cr2-deficient mice. However, the IC were found only in the marginal zone (MZ), associated predominantly with MZ macrophages. IC were also detected in the MZ in normal mice within 1 h after injection, but associated with other cells in addition to MZ macrophages. The results demonstrate an important role for pentameric IgM in the initiation of Ag trapping, a step independent of C3 activation and of the interaction of IC with CR1 and CR2. The data also provide direct evidence that C3 activation is required for the next phase of localization, in which Ag moves from the MZ to FDC, with consequent enhancement of specific immune responses.
A survey of solvent selection guides (2014)

The data given in the published solvent guides have been compiled. An acceptable alignment of the classifications could be met.
Separation Methods In Microanalytical Systems (2005)

Focusing on what has been one of the driving forces behind the development of lab-on-a-chip devices, Separation Methods in Microanalytical Systems explores the implementation, realization, and operation of separation techniques and related complex workflows on microfabricated devices. The book details the design, manufacture, and integration
A Novel Extractive Fermentation Process for Propionic Acid Production from Whey Lactose (1992)

Abstract An extractive fermentation process was developed to produce propionate from lactose. The bacterium Propionibacterium acidipropionici was immobilized in a spiral wound, fibrous matrix packed in the reactor. Propionic acid is the major product from lactose fermentation, with acetic acid and carbon dioxide as byproducts. Propionic acid is a strong inhibitor to this fermentation. A tertiary amine was used to selectively extract propionic acid from the bioreactor, hence enhancing reactor productivity by over 100 %. We also speculate that by selectively extracting propionic acid, lactose metabolism can be directed to yield more propionate and less byproducts. Other advantages of extractive fermentation include better pH control (by removing acid products) and a purer product. The propionic acid present in the extractant can be easily stripped with small amounts of an alkaline solution, resulting in a concentrated propionate salt. The extractant was also regenerated in this stripping step. Thus, the process is energy‐efficient and economically attractive.
Derivation and Characterization of Alveolar Epithelial Cells From Murine Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro (2006)

We present a protocol that has been developed for induction of the differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells to alveolar type II cells. With this protocol, undifferentiated murine ES cells are induced to form embryoid bodies (EBs). The 10-d-old EBs are transferred to adherent culture conditions and are fed with high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol for 20 d without splitting. Then, the cells are fed with a medium designed for the maintenance and growth of mature distal airway epithelial cells (small airway growth medium, SAGM) for 3 d. Characterization of the alveolar type II cells was done using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction detection of surfactant protein C mRNA and immunocytochemical detection of prosurfactant protein C. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that SAGM increases the mRNA expression level of SPC by a factor of 8 when compared to that of cells grown in supplemented high-glucose DMEM (p < 0.05, Student t-test). Immunocytochemistry revealed that proSPC-expressing cells comprised 2.8 +/- 0.23% of the total cell population in SAGM-treated samples and 0.5 +/- 0.1% in samples treated with supplemented high-glucose DMEM (p < 0.05, chi2 test).
Characterizations of Sputtered PZT Films on Pt/Ti/Si Substrates. (1994)

On PT/Ti/Si substrates, PZT thln fllms are deposited at by rf magnetron sputtering uslng a composltc cerarnlc target. To abtaln, the stable phase, perovskltc structure, furnace annealmg techmque had been cmplo:~d In PbO amb~ent for the - temperature ranges. On Pt(250)/Ti(500)/Si, Pt(1000)/Ti(500)/Si substrates, effects of Ti layer and Pt thickness are studled. Though thickness of the Pt layer 1s 1000). oxygen diffusion is not prevented and accelerated by Ti layer actlng for oxygen sink sites durmg furnace annealing. The upper TI layer 1s transformed Into TIOX by oxyen dlffuslon and lower Ti layer Into silicide with in-diffused Pt. The formation of TiOx layer seems to affect the orlentatton of the PZT layer. Furnace annealed f~lm shows ferroelectr~c and electrical properties wth a remanent polarlzation of 3.3, , coerclve fleld of 0.15MV/cm, a=571 (10kHz), leakage current 32.65, , breakdown voltage of 0.4OMV/cm.
Modeling long distance dependence in language: topic mixtures versus dynamic cache models (1999)

Standard statistical language models use n-grams to capture local dependencies, or use dynamic modeling techniques to track dependencies within an article. In this paper, we investigate a new statistical language model that captures topic-related dependencies of words within and across sentences. First, we develop a topic-dependent, sentence-level mixture language model which takes advantage of the topic constraints in a sentence or article. Second, we introduce topic-dependent dynamic adaptation techniques in the framework of the mixture model, using n-gram caches and content word unigram caches. Experiments with the static (or unadapted) mixture model on the North American Business (NAB) task show a 21% reduction in perplexity and a 3-4% improvement in recognition accuracy over a general n-gram model, giving a larger gain than that obtained with supervised dynamic cache modeling. Further experiments on the Switchboard corpus also showed a small improvement in performance with the sentence-level mixture model. Cache modeling techniques introduced in the mixture framework contributed a further 14% reduction in perplexity and a small improvement in recognition accuracy on the NAB task for both supervised and unsupervised adaptation.
Evaluation of an admission control scheme for an ATM network considering fluctuations in cell loss rate (2003)

The authors investigate an admission-flow-control scheme for an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network and analytically obtain the cell loss rate considering fluctuations in the number of active calls on a network. A queuing model is developed for an ATM switch where a number of bursty calls are multiplexed onto an output port of a switch. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the number of active calls changes slowly relative to the cell transmission time (quasi-stationary approximation). It is shown that the fluctuation of the cell loss rate is larger when high-speed calls (e.g. 10 Mb/sec) are multiplexed than when low-speed calls (e.g. 64 kb/sec) are multiplexed. Furthermore, it is observed that congestion may last for more than several hundred milliseconds, which is comparable to or even longer than one talkspurt (burst). Thus, it is shown that bursty cell loss is a serious problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shenandoah (2016)

Shenandoah is an open-source region-based low-pause parallel and concurrent garbage collection (GC) algorithm targeting large heap applications. Snapshot At the Beginning Concurrent Marking and Brooks-style indirection pointer concurrent compaction enable significantly shorter GC pauses with durations that are independent of the application's live data size. Our implementation of Shenandoah in OpenJDK allows us to do comparison testing with mature production quality GC algorithms.
A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Arsenic Kratosis (1990)

We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in arsenic keratosis occuring in the hand and foot of 63-year-old male.He had past history of arsenic ingestion and about fifteen years ago, several verrucous papules developed on the hand and foot. But on left sole, aggravating erosive lesion developed. The histopathologic study showed finding of squamous cell carcinoma. Excision and skin graft was done and we are following now.
Inside cover: Inside front cover: <scp>d</scp>‐Allulose supplementation normalized the body weight and fat‐pad mass in diet‐induced obese mice via the regulation of lipid metabolism under isocaloric fed condition (2016)

Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2016, 60, 1695–1706. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500771 5% d-allulose supplementation in a high fat diet could normalize body fat in a diet-induced obesity animal model under isocaloric pair-fed conditions. d-allulose lowers plasma and hepatic lipids while elevating fecal lipids in the small intestine in mice. Also d-allulose regulates the lipid regulating enzyme activities of liver and adipose tissue.
Hyperbranched polyphenylenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHyperbranched polyphenylenesYoung H. Kim and Owen W. WebsterCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 21, 5561–5572Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00047a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00047a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2542Altmetric-Citations556LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acetate supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation (2011)

Glyceryl triacetate (GTA), a compound effective at increasing circulating and tissue levels of acetate was used to treat rats subjected to a continual 28 day intra-ventricular infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This model produces a neuroinflammatory injury characterized by global neuroglial activation and a decrease in choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the basal forebrain. During the LPS infusion, rats were given a daily treatment of either water or GTA at a dose of 6 g/kg by oral gavage. In parallel experiments, free-CoA and acetyl-CoA levels were measured in microwave fixed brains and flash frozen heart, liver, kidney and muscle following a single oral dose of GTA. We found that a single oral dose of GTA significantly increased plasma acetate levels by 15 min and remained elevated for up to 4 h. At 30 min the acetyl-CoA levels in microwave-fixed brain and flash frozen heart and liver were increased at least 2.2-fold. The concentrations of brain acetyl-CoA was significantly increased between 30 and 45 min following treatment and remained elevated for up to 4 h. The concentration of free-CoA in brain was significantly decreased compared to controls at 240 min. Immunohistochemical and morphological analysis demonstrated that a daily treatment with GTA significantly reduced the percentage of reactive glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes and activated CD11b-positive microglia by 40-50% in rats subjected to LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Further, in rats subjected to neuroinflammation, GTA significantly increased the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive cells by 40% in the basal forebrain compared to untreated controls. These data suggest that acetate supplementation increases intermediary short chain acetyl-CoA metabolism and that treatment is potentially anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective with regards to attenuating neuroglial activation and increasing ChAT immunoreactivity in this model.
Versican G3 Domain Promotes Blood Coagulation through Suppressing the Activity of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-1 (2006)

We have detected versican, a member of the large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and its degraded C-terminal G3 fragments in human plasma and observed that the versican G3 domain promoted blood coagulation. Silencing G3 expression with small interfering RNA reduced the effect of G3 on coagulation. Plasma coagulation assays suggest that G3 enhances coagulation irrespective of its actions on platelets and white blood cells. To examine how versican affected blood coagulation, we used normal human plasma and different types of coagulation factor-deficient plasmas. The experiments indicated that versican enhanced coagulation through the extrinsic pathway, and that Factor VII was the target molecule. FVII activity assays showed that G3 activated FVII in the presence of plasma but not with purified FVII directly. Yeast two-hybrid, immunoprecipitation, and gel co-migration assays showed that G3 interacted with the tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1). TFPI-1 activity assays suggested that G3 inhibited TFPI-1 activity, allowing FVIIa and FXa to facilitate the coagulation process. G3-induced blood coagulation was further confirmed with a mouse model in a real-time manner. Taken together, these results indicate that versican may represent a new target for the development of therapies against atherosclerosis.
Phase noise in the regenerative frequency dividers (1992)

The authors report on a theoretical analysis of the phase noise in regenerative dividers, and provide design rules for the best spectral unity. The spectral purity is, in fact, the reason why regenerative dividers may be preferred to simpler schemes whenever that characteristic is a fundamental requirement. This class of dividers is suitable for high frequencies, out of reach to other techniques. The nucleus of the theory is the description of the mixer, driven by coherent signals, in terms of differential phase gain, so as to relate noise at the divider output to the noise generated inside the divider itself. After introducing a model of the mixer and some related measurement techniques, it is shown that the most favorable noise condition for the divider is reached by tuning it off the maximum output amplitude. Methods for approximating this condition are then outlined. The experiments prove the feasibility of the proposed approach, and reported results show a phase noise reduction of 10 dB with respect to the maximum amplitude condition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Method for Solving Multiple Objective Linear Programming Problems with Trapezoidal Fuzzy Coefficients (1993)

一般に, 現実の意思決定問題を多目的線形計画(MOLP)問題としてモデル化する際に, 目的関数と制約式の係数に, あいまい性を取り入れたファジィ MOLP 問題をクリスプな MOLP 問題に変換する手法が各種報告されている.その中で, 各係数に台形型メンバシップ関数を用い, また, 可能性と必然性の概念に基づくファジィ数間の大小関係に関する4種類の指標のうちの2種類と意思決定者による可能性のしきい値を導入した変換法が, 最近報告された.これは, q 個の目的関数, n 個の決定変数と m 個の制約式のファジィ MOLP 問題が, それぞれ q 個, n+q 個と 3m+3q 個のクリスプな MOLP 問題に変換される.本論文では, この変換法を改善し, q 個の目的関数, n 個の決定変数と 2m 個の制約式となる再定式化モデルを提案し, 数値実験により, 従来の変換法と比較した定量的評価を行う.
DIET AND PANCREATIC CANCER: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY (1986)

In a population-based case-control study carried out in Sweden in 1982-1984, the authors examined the association of pancreatic cancer with several dietary factors, coffee, alcohol, and tobacco. Analyses were based on 99 cases, 138 population controls, and 163 hospital controls. The cases were persons aged 40-79 years diagnosed with cancer of the exocrine pancreas at three surgical departments in Stockholm and Uppsala. The risk increased with higher consumption frequency of fried and grilled meat in the comparison with each series of controls (e.g., relative risk (RR) = 1.7 (90% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.7) for weekly intake and RR = 13.4 (90% CI = 2.4-74.7) for almost daily intake, in the comparison with population controls). Furthermore, associations were found with other fried or grilled foods, but not with meat other than fried or grilled. The risk also increased with the intake of margarine (e.g., RR = 9.7 (90% CI = 3.1-30.2) for 15+ g of margarine on a slice of bread, in the comparison with population controls). In contrast, no excess risk was associated with high intake of butter. A low risk was associated with frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, particularly carrots (RR = 0.3 (90% CI = 0.2-0.7)) and citrus fruits (RR = 0.5 (90% CI = 0.3-0.9)) for almost daily intake. No consistent associations were found with coffee, artificial sweeteners or alcohol consumption, but a threefold increase in risk was associated with smoking at least one pack of cigarettes per day.
Microfluidics: Recapillarity: Electrochemically Controlled Capillary Withdrawal of a Liquid Metal Alloy from Microchannels (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2015) (2015)

Liquid metals composed of gallium stay within networks of microfluidic channels due to the presence of a thin surface oxide that forms spontaneously on the surface of the metal. On page 671 M. R. Khan, C. Trlica, and M. D. Dickey use “recapillarity” to reduce the surface oxide and thereby turn on capillary behavior locally in a manner that withdraws the metal from the channels and solves the maze.
Ethylene Glycol Metabolism by Pseudomonas putida (2012)

In this study, we investigated the metabolism of ethylene glycol in the Pseudomonas putida strains KT2440 and JM37 by employing growth and bioconversion experiments, directed mutagenesis, and proteome analysis. We found that strain JM37 grew rapidly with ethylene glycol as a sole source of carbon and energy, while strain KT2440 did not grow within 2 days of incubation under the same conditions. However, bioconversion experiments revealed metabolism of ethylene glycol by both strains, with the temporal accumulation of glycolic acid and glyoxylic acid for strain KT2440. This accumulation was further increased by targeted mutagenesis. The key enzymes and specific differences between the two strains were identified by comparative proteomics. In P. putida JM37, tartronate semialdehyde synthase (Gcl), malate synthase (GlcB), and isocitrate lyase (AceA) were found to be induced in the presence of ethylene glycol or glyoxylic acid. Under the same conditions, strain KT2440 showed induction of AceA only. Despite this difference, the two strains were found to use similar periplasmic dehydrogenases for the initial oxidation step of ethylene glycol, namely, the two redundant pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent enzymes PedE and PedH. From these results we constructed a new pathway for the metabolism of ethylene glycol in P. putida. Furthermore, we conclude that Pseudomonas putida might serve as a useful platform from which to establish a whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of glyoxylic acid from ethylene glycol.
Silicene growth through island migration and coalescence (2017)

We perform massively-parallel classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the long timescale monolayer silicene growth on an Ir (111) surface. We observe an intricate multi-stage growth process driven by atomic and cluster migration on the surface. Initial growth involves formation of sub-nanometer clusters via adatom surface diffusion. Subsequently, these clusters rearrange spontaneously with each additional Si atom, forming clusters containing 4-7 member rings. Growth of each cluster through adatom adhesion is accompanied by the formation of larger islands through cluster migration and coalescence. Coalescence of smaller, more mobile islands into larger clusters is aided by the internal rearrangement of rings within each cluster. This flexibility, both of clusters and their constituent atoms, allows the impinging clusters to reorient after first contact and form a more perfect union. We also report on the effect of temperature and flux on the growth process and the final nanostructure. Our study provides atomistic insights into the early stage growth mechanisms of silicene which can be significant for controlled synthesis of its 2D monolayers.
NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal damage. Review. (2006)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), along with analgesics, are the most widely prescribed medication in the world. However, NSAIDs cause numerous side effects, being the gastrointestinal (GI) events the most common ones with an increase of risk of serious GI complications between 2.5- and 5-fold, as compared with individuals not taking NSAIDs. Factors that increase the risk for serious events in NSAID-using patients include a history of ulcer or ulcer complications, advanced age (=or>65 years), the use of high-dose NSAIDs, more than one NSAID, anticoagulants or corticosteroid therapy. If NSAID therapy is required, we must balance GI and cardiovascular risk and the therapy should be prescribed at the lowest possible dose and for the shortest period of time. The use of NSAID without gastroprotective co-therapy is considered appropriate in patients<65 years, not taking aspirin and having no GI history. In patients with GI risk factors, but no cardiovascular risk, coxibs or NSAIDs plus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or misoprostol are valid options. Patients with a history of ulcer bleeding should receive coxib plus PPI therapy and should be tested and treated for Helicobacter pylori infection. Coxib therapy has better GI tolerance than traditional NSAIDs and PPI therapy is effective both in treatment and prevention of NSAID-induced dyspepsia and should be considered in patients who develop dyspepsia during NSAID or coxib therapy.