gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different Signaling Pathways Mediate Regenerative versus Developmental Sensory Axon Growth (2001)

Recent advances in defining neurotrophin signaling mediators have provided insights into the signal transduction mechanisms that underlie axon growth. Evidence is accumulating that major Trk effectors regulate the morphological development of embryonic peripheral neurons. Less is known about signaling related to the robust axon extension that follows peripheral axotomy of adult neurons. Regenerative axon growth can be mimicked in vitro by a "conditioning" lesion performed 2 weeks before culture (Smith and Skene, 1997). Previous work has implicated both neurotrophins and cytokines in this response. Because signal transduction mediators of both of these families of growth factors are well characterized, we have compared the role of neurotrophin and cytokine signaling in developmental versus regenerative sensory axon growth. Chemical inhibitors were administrated to embryonic and axotomized sensory neurons in vitro to block the activation of Erk kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K), and janus kinase (JAK) signaling. As expected, both MEK and PI3-K inhibition blocked axon growth from both naive and NGF-stimulated embryonic day 13 sensory neurons, whereas inhibition of JAK phosphorylation had no effect. In contrast, neither MEK nor PI3-K inhibitors blocked elongation of adult sensory neurons after a conditioning lesion. However, the addition of a JAK2 inhibitor prevented the regenerative axon response. Consistent with these pharmacological results, the percentage of neurons showing intense nuclear signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation after a conditioning lesion was markedly increased compared with controls. These observations demonstrate that the signaling mediators that underlie regenerative axon growth are distinct from those used during development and suggest that cytokine signaling may be critical to peripheral nervous system regeneration.
Evolutionary origins of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps in bacteria (1998)

The available genomic sequences of three pathogenic and three nonpathogenic bacteria were analyzed to identify known and putative drug-specific and multidrug resistance transport systems. Escherichia coli was found to encode 29 such pumps, and with the exception of the archaebacterium Methanococcus jannaschii, the numbers of multidrug efflux pumps encoded within genomes of the other organisms were found to be approximately proportional to their total numbers of encoded transport systems as well as to total genome size. The similar numbers of chromosomally encoded multidrug efflux systems in pathogens and nonpathogens suggests that these transporters have not arisen recently in pathogens in response to antimicrobial chemotherapy. Phylogenetic analyses of the four transporter families that contain drug efflux permeases indicate that drug resistance arose rarely during the evolution of each family and that the diversity of current drug efflux pumps within each family arose from just one or a very few primordial systems. However, although the ability to confer drug efflux appears to have emerged on only a few occasions in evolutionary time and was stably maintained as an evolutionary trait, modulation of the substrate specificities of these systems has occurred repeatedly. A speculative model is presented that may explain the apparent capability of these multidrug transport systems to mediate drug transport from the cytoplasm or directly from the phospholipid bilayer.
Short-Circuit Protection in a Converter-Fed Low-Voltage Distribution Network (2012)

The short-circuit protection of a low-power converter-fed low-voltage dc distribution network is investigated. In a public distribution network, the short-circuit protection is implemented by using fuses and circuit breakers, which may require a current that is over ten times the nominal currents of low-power dc/ac converter units to satisfy the recommendations. In the paper, the operation of the converter in a short circuit is studied, and the control scheme for the short-circuit current control and the fault ride through operation is proposed. The operation of the short-circuit control scheme is verified by measurements. To overcome the problem of high fault current injection, alternative short-circuit protection realizations that are based on a simple low-current compact circuit breaker (but are not approved in standards) are proposed and demonstrated by measurements.
A Location Based Encryption Technique and Some of Its Applications (2003)

Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting 2003, January 22-24, 2003, Anaheim, CA, pp. 734-740.
Ambu bag as a source of Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit. (2011)

This case report describes an outbreak of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. Three patients were infected on the same day from an Ambu bag which was used on all the patients. The outbreak was immediately identified and the source was traced within one week. Appropriate measures were taken and a continuous surveillance was carried out resulting in reporting of no such case from the intensive care unit in the last 6 months.
The challenge of the Year 2000 problem (2002)

Many companies seem to underestimate the activities needed to be compliant with their data processing systems for the Year 2000. This paper describes the issue, the challenges in regard to technology, to quantity, to unknown risks and the challenge to manage all activities. Finally, possible approaches are described to address these challenges.
Metalloid porphyrins and phthalocyanines (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetalloid porphyrins and phthalocyaninesPhillip Sayer, Martin Gouterman, and Charles R. ConnellCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1982, 15, 3, 73–79Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00075a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00075a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1171Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coarse Fingerprint Registration Using Orientation Fields (2005)

The majority of traditional research into automated fingerprint identification has focused on algorithms using minutiae-based features. However, shortcomings of this approach are becoming apparent due to the difficulty of extracting minutiae points from noisy or low-quality images. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in algorithms based on nonminutiae features in recent years. One vital stage in most fingerprint verification systems is registration, which involves recovering the transformation parameters that align features from each fingerprint. This paper investigates the use of orientation fields for registration; an approach that has the potential to perform robustly for poor-quality images. Three diverse algorithms have been implemented for the task. The first algorithm is based on the generalized Hough transform, and it works by accumulating evidence for transformations in a discretized parameter space. The second algorithm is based on identifying distinctive local orientations, and using these as landmarks for alignment. The final algorithm follows the path of steepest descent in the parameter space to quickly find solutions that are locally optimal. The performance of these three algorithms is evaluated using an FVC2002 dataset.
Ventilatory effects of aerosol gentamicin. (1978)

Bronchial provocation tests with gentamicin solution, 40 mg/ml, and with the drug vehicle solution alone were carried out in 29 subjects aged 19 to 66 years. There were 18 subjects with bronchial asthma, four with chronic bronchitis, four with primary carcinoma of the lung, and three with no chest disease. Two millilitres of each of the two test solutions was given to each subject, in duplicate, via a nebuliser driven by a Bird Mark 8 respirator. Ventilatory function (FEV1 and VC) was measured before and after each inhalation, and changes were expressed as percentage variations from baseline. Seven subjects, all from the asthmatic group, developed at least one immediate FEV1 fall of 20% or more. The reactions ranged up to 71% and occurred to both test solutions. There was a trend towards greater reactions to the vehicle. In two subjects pretreatment with salbutamol and sodium cromoglycate did not modify these reactions. In three of the seven, inhalation of 2 ml normal saline produced FEV1 falls of 25% to 30%, but these falls were not as great as each subject9s reactions to the test solutions. Skin prick tests using the gentamicin solution were negative in all subjects. These results show that substantial obstructive reactions may occur in some asthmatic subjects after inhalation of gentamicin. The reactions appear to be non-immunological in nature and may be due to an irritant effect of the drug vehicle.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of flavonoids (2006)

Abstract The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of a group of flavonoids with related structures (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and apigenin) are reported here for the first time. It is demonstrated that the studied flavonoids undergo a chemical change on the Ag nanoparticles prepared by reduction with citrate used as a SERS substrate. Two labile chemical groups have been identified, one of them corresponding to the catechol‐like moiety and another one corresponding to the C‐ring, when a hydroxyl group is in position α with respect to the keto group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High speed classification of individual bacterial cells using a model-based light scatter system and multivariate statistics (2008)

We describe a model-based instrument design combined with a statistical classification approach for the development and realization of high speed cell classification systems based on light scatter. In our work, angular light scatter from cells of four bacterial species of interest, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Enterococcus faecalis, was modeled using the discrete dipole approximation. We then optimized a scattering detector array design subject to some hardware constraints, configured the instrument, and gathered experimental data from the relevant bacterial cells. Using these models and experiments, it is shown that optimization using a nominal bacteria model (i.e., using a representative size and refractive index) is insufficient for classification of most bacteria in realistic applications. Hence the computational predictions were constituted in the form of scattering-data-vector distributions that accounted for expected variability in the physical properties between individual bacteria within the four species. After the detectors were optimized using the numerical results, they were used to measure scatter from both the known control samples and unknown bacterial cells. A multivariate statistical method based on a support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the bacteria species based on light scatter signatures. In our final instrument, we realized correct classification of B. subtilis in the presence of E. coli,L. innocua, and E. faecalis using SVM at 99.1%, 99.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, in the optimal detector array configuration. For comparison, the corresponding values for another set of angles were only 69.9%, 71.7%, and 70.2% using SVM, and more importantly, this improved performance is consistent with classification predictions.
Design optimization of wiring substrate in a CMOS-based multichip module (2003)

The effects of line resistance on the electrical performance in CMOS-based MCMs are described. Switching noise, ringing noise, interconnect delay, and crosstalk noise in the line resistance range of a thin-film wiring substrate are discussed. Signal line resistance works as a damping resistor both for switching noise and for signal ringing noise. There are optimum damping conditions. The chip-to-chip delay was not substantially influenced by the line resistance as long as the line length was kept short. The line resistance, i.e. the characteristic impedance, as well as the line resistance has an important role in determining the signal propagation properties whether it behaves like an RC delay or it is in the region of the time of flight. The design of the wiring substrate must be optimized for CMOS buffer drivability to have good electrical properties and not to impose excessive requirements on thin-film process technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Derivatives of Urethan; Azamalonic Esters<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Urethan; Azamalonic Esters1L. G. R. Tompkins and Ed. F. DegeringCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2616–2618Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies of non-metabolizable polyamines that support growth of SV-3T3 cells depleted of natural polyamines by exposure to α-difluoromethylornithine (1988)

A number of synthetic polyamine derivatives that included five achiral gem-dimethylspermidines and two analogous tetramethylated spermines were tested for their abilities to serve as substrates for enzymes metabolizing polyamines and for their capacities to substitute for the natural polyamines in cell growth. It was found that none of the compounds were effective substrates for spermine synthase, and only one, namely 8,8-dimethylspermidine, was a substrate for spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. However, all of the spermidine derivatives and 1,1,12,12-tetramethylspermine were able to support the growth of SV-3T3 cells in which endogenous polyamine synthesis was prevented by the addition of alpha-difluoromethylornithine. These results suggest that either spermidine or spermine can support cell growth without the need for metabolic interconversion. In contrast with the result with 1,1,12,12-tetramethylspermine, 3,3,10,10-tetramethylspermine did not restore growth of polyamine-depleted SV-3T3 cells. Comparison of the properties of these derivatives may prove valuable in understanding the physiological role of polyamines.
Magnetic properties of self-assembled Co nanowires of varying length and diameter (2000)

Ferromagnetic Co nanowires have been electrodeposited into self-assembled porous anodic alumina arrays. Due to their cylindrical shape, the nanowires exhibit perpendicular anisotropy. The coercivity, remanence ratio, and activation volumes of Co nanowires depend strongly on the length, diameter, and spacing of the nanowires. Both coercivity and thermal activation volume increase with increasing wire length, while for constant center-to-center spacing, coercivity decreases and thermal activation volume increases with increasing wire diameter. The behavior of the nanowires is explained qualitatively in terms of localized magnetization reversal.
A 77 GHz near-field probe with integrated illuminating waveguide (2011)

In this paper, a near-field probe with integrated illuminating waveguide for frequencies around 77 GHz is introduced. For such high frequencies, alignment of transmitter and receiver in the near-field measurement setup are difficult. So the purpose is integrating both devices into one setup for an easy and reproducible measurement procedure. The measurement probe is used in order to characterize individual patches on the surface of reflectarray antennas, placing the device a few millimeters above the antenna surface. This requires a high spatial resolution and a insignificant influence of the probe on the examined structure. The ability of the developed probe has been investigated in simulations and has been verified in near-field measurements at reflectarray structures for 77 GHz.
Flexible Multi-Turn Multi-Gap Coaxial RF Coils: Design Concept and Implementation for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 and 7 Tesla (2021)

Magnetic resonance has become a backbone of medical imaging but suffers from inherently low sensitivity. This can be alleviated by improved radio frequency (RF) coils. Multi-turn multi-gap coaxial coils (MTMG-CCs) introduced in this work are flexible, form-fitting RF coils extending the concept of the single-turn single-gap CC by introducing multiple cable turns and/or gaps. It is demonstrated that this enables free choice of the coil diameter, and thus, optimizing it for the application to a certain anatomical site, while operating at the self-resonance frequency. An equivalent circuit for MTMG-CCs is modeled to predict their resonance frequency. Possible configurations regarding size, number of turns and gaps, and cable types for different B <sub>0</sub> field strengths are calculated. Standard copper wire loop coils (SCs) and flexible CCs made from commercial coaxial cable were fabricated as receive-only coils for 3 T and transmit/receive coils at 7 T with diameters between 4 and 15 cm. Electromagnetic simulations are used to investigate the currents on MTMG-CCs, and demonstrate comparable specific absorption rate of 7 T CCs and SCs. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), transmit efficiency, and active detuning performance of CCs were compared in bench tests and MR experiments. For the form-fitted receive-only CCs at 3 T no significant SNR degradation was found as compared to flat SCs on a balloon phantom. Form-fitted transmit/receive CCs at 7 T showed higher transmit efficiency and SNR. MTMG-CCs can be sized to optimize sensitivity, are flexible and lightweight, and could therefore enable the fabrication of wearable coils with improved patient comfort.
NMR Solution Structure of Murine CCL20/MIP-3α, a Chemokine That Specifically Chemoattracts Immature Dendritic Cells and Lymphocytes through Its Highly Specific Interaction with the β-Chemokine Receptor CCR6 (2001)

CCL20/MIP-3alpha is a beta-chemokine expressed in the thymus, skin, and intestinal epithelial cells that exclusively binds and activates the CCR6 receptor in both mice and humans. The strict receptor binding specificity of CCL20 is exceptional; other chemokines and their receptors bind promiscuously with multiple partners. Toward determining the structural basis for the selective receptor specificity of CCL20, we have determined its three-dimensional structure by 1H NMR spectroscopy. CCL20 exhibits the same monomeric structure previously described for other chemokines: a three-stranded beta-sheet and an overlying alpha-helix. The CCL20 receptor selectivity could arise from the rigid conformation of the N-terminal DCCL motif as well as the groove between the N-loop and the beta2-beta3 hairpin, which is significantly narrower in CCL20 than in other chemokines. Similar structural features are seen in human beta-defensin 2, a small nonchemokine polypeptide reported to selectively bind and activate CCR6, which stresses their importance for the specific binding of both CCL20 and beta-defensin 2 to CCR6. CCL20's structure will be useful to design tools aimed to modulate its important biological functions.
A Man with Splenic Vein Thrombosis and Polycythemia (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Clinical Case Follow-up Differential Diagnosis of Erythrocytosis and Thrombocytosis Definition of Disease Diagnosis Pathogenesis Treatment Prognosis Additional Reading
Cloning and Sequencing of the iss Gene from a Virulent Avian Escherichia coli (2000)

Control of colibacillosis is important to the poultry industry. We have found that the presence of a gene for increased serum survival, iss, is strongly correlated with Escherichia coli isolated from birds with colibacillosis. Therefore, the iss gene and its protein product, Iss, are potential targets for detection and control of avian colibacillosis. The iss gene was amplified from a virulent avian E. coli isolate and sequenced. The sequences of the gene and the predicted protein product were compared with those of iss from a human E. coli isolate and lambda bor. The iss gene from the avian E. coli isolate has 96.8% identity with the iss gene from the human E. coli isolate and 89.4% identity with lambda bor. The Iss protein from the avian isolate has 87% identity with Iss from the human isolate and 90% identity with Bor. The low identity between the two Iss proteins is because of a frame-shift in their respective coding sequences. In sum, iss from this avian E. coli isolate is very similar to iss from a human E. coli isolate, but because of a frameshift mutation in the coding sequence of iss from the human E. coli isolate, Iss proteins from avian and human E. coli isolates have only 87% identity. The strong association of iss with E. coli isolated from birds with colibacillosis, suggests that this sequence be studied for its value as a marker or target to be used in colibacillosis control.
Non-rotationally symmetric mixing rods (2006)

Uniformity remains a central topic in illumination system design and mixing rods provide an effective means to providing uniformity. Typically, flux enters one end of a mixing rod and the flux exiting the other end provides improved spatial and/or angular uniformity. We investigate the use of mixing rods with rippled surface structures to provide enhanced uniformity.