gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-based thermodynamic design of peptide ligands: application to peptide inhibitors of the aspartic protease endothiapepsin. (1998)

The prediction of binding affinities from structure is a necessary requirement in the development of structure-based molecular design strategies. In this paper, a structural parameterization of the energetics previously developed in this laboratory has been incorporated into a molecular design algorithm aimed at identifying peptide conformations that minimize the Gibbs energy. This approach has been employed in the design of mutants of the aspartic protease inhibitor pepstatin A. The simplest design strategy involves mutation and/or chain length modification of the wild-type peptide inhibitor. The structural parameterization allows evaluation of the contribution of different amino acids to the Gibbs energy in the wild-type structure, and therefore the identification of potential targets for mutation in the original peptide. The structure of the wild-type complex is used as a template to generate families of conformational structures in which specific residues have been mutated. The most probable conformations of the mutated peptides are identified by systematically rotating around the side-chain and backbone torsional angles and calculating the Gibbs potential function of each conformation according to the structural parametrization. The accuracy of this approach has been tested by chemically synthesizing two different mutants of pepstatin A. In one mutant, the alanine at position five has been replaced by a phenylalanine, and in the second one a glutamate has been added at the carboxy terminus of pepstatin A. The thermodynamics of association of pepstatin A and the two mutants have been measured experimentally and the results compared with the predictions. The difference between experimental and predicted Gibbs energies for pepstatin A and the two mutants is 0.23 +/- 0.06 kcal/mol. The excellent agreement between experimental and predicted values demonstrates that this approach can be used in the optimization of peptide ligands.
Detection of von Willebrand's Disease in Dogs with a Rapid Qualitative Test, Based on Venom‐Coagglutinin‐Induced Platelet Agglutination (1985)

A rapid, qualitative blood test was developed to identify potential bleeders among dogs that are von Willebrand's disease suspects. The test, based on venom coagglutinin-induced agglutination of formalin-fixed washed platelets, was compared to the more lengthy electroimmunoassay for factor VIII-related antigen. The 2 tests were performed on plasma samples from 82 dogs, including 68 Doberman pinschers. The 39 plasma samples that were found to be "clinically normal" by the new test had factor VIII-related antigen concentrations ranging from 32% to 192% of that in a pool of normal canine plasma samples. Plasma samples from the 43 dogs that tested as "potential bleeders" by the new test had factor VIII-related antigen concentrations from 4% to 38%. All 43 "potential bleeders" were Doberman pinschers. Shortly after being evaluated by the new test, 46 of the dogs underwent invasive diagnostic, therapeutic, or cosmetic procedures. Excessive hemorrhage was encountered in 40% of the 25 dogs that tested as "potential bleeders. " In contrast, only 5% of the 21 dogs that tested as "clinically normal" exhibited abnormal bleeding.
Intrinsic Electrical Properties of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Small Band Gaps (2000)

Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) exhibiting small band gaps on the order of 10 meV are observed for the first time in electron transport measurements. Transport through the valence or conduction band of a small-gap semiconducting SWNT (SGS-SWNT) can be tuned by a nearby gate voltage. Intrinsic electrical properties of the Ohmically contacted SGS-SWNT are elucidated. An SGS-SWNT exhibits metal- or semiconductorlike characteristics depending on the Fermi level position in the band structure.
First-Line Nivolumab in Stage IV or Recurrent Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2017)

Nivolumab was not associated with significantly longer progression-free survival than chemotherapy among patients with previously untreated stage IV or recurrent NSCLC with a PD-L1 expression level of 5% or more. Overall survival was similar between groups. Nivolumab had a favorable safety profile, as compared with chemotherapy, with no new or unexpected safety signals. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and others; CheckMate 026 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02041533 .).
Frequency support from doubly fed induction generator wind turbines (2007)

An assessment on the capability of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine for frequency regulation is presented. Detailed aerodynamic, structural and electrical dynamic models were used in this study. A control loop acting on the frequency deviation was added to the inertia contributing loop in order to enhance the inertia support from the DFIG wind turbine. The possibility of de-loading a wind turbine to provide primary and secondary frequency response was discussed. A frequency droop controller was examined where the droop is operating on the electronic torque set point below its maximum speed and is operating on the pitch demand at maximum speed. It is also shown that by reducing the generator torque set point the DFIG wind turbine can provide high frequency response.
A Split-Flow Enzyme Thermistor (1976)

Abstract The split-flow system is comprised of two identical micro-columns, one of which contains an immobilized enzyme preparation, the other an inert support material. The heat produced in each column on introduction of a sample is measured with thermistors placed in these columns. The use of a reference column virtually eliminates the influence on the measurements of artifactual signals as unspecific heat, i.e., heat not produced by the enzymic reaction. The performance of the split-flow enzyme thermistor at a variety of pH's, ionic strengths or viscosities associated with the sample has been investigated and compared with previously described alternative enzyme thermistor arrangements. In this comparative study glucose at a concentration of 5 · 10−4 M was used throughout. On passage through the imnobilized glucose oxidase preparation this solution gave rise to a heat change At of about 0.01°C. The insensitivity of the system described herein towards such variations makes it particularly suitable for the analysis of metabolities present in crude solutions such as urine and skim-milk.
NLOS Mobile Terminal position and speed estimation (2008)

Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and multipath propagation conditions pose significant problems for most Mobile Terminal (MT) positioning approaches. This is because only path parameters of LOS paths are considered. When in fact all paths are considered, much more information for positioning becomes available, though proper consideration of the NLOS character of NLOS paths is required. On the other hand, channel parameters that have been used so far for positioning purposes concern a static channel snapshot. In the case of mobility, the path Doppler shifts provide information on the mobile terminal speed. In this paper we combine this information with traditional positioning information to jointly estimate the terminal's speed and position.
Membrane and Flexural Waves on Thin Shells (1994)

Membrane and flexural waves are limiting short wavelength solutions of the equations of motion for arbitrarily curved, smooth shells. Each distinct wave type is found using a geometrical or ray method based upon asymptotics in the small parameters h/R, where h is thickness and R a minimum radius of curvature. Useful, asymptotic formulae are found for the normal displacement associated with membrane waves, group velocities, and other physically significant quantities. Ray paths on a conical shell are illustrated for each wave type, and it is found that flexural rays form a caustic near the vertex.
Independent Blinded Validation of a Tissue Systems Pathology Test to Predict Progression in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus (2020)

A risk prediction test identifies patients with ND BE who are at high risk for progression to HGD/EAC and may benefit from early endoscopic therapy or increased surveillance.
Phosphorylation of elongation factor 2: a key mechanism regulating gene expression in vertebrates. (1990)

Elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) is a 100-kD protein that catalyzes the ribosomal translocation reaction, resulting in the movement of ribosomes along mRNA. eEF-2 is the target for a very specific Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent eEF-2 kinase. Phosphorylation of eEF-2 makes it inactive in translation, which suggests that protein synthesis can be regulated by Ca2+ through eEF-2 phosphorylation. Recent data demonstrate that eEF-2 phosphorylation can be involved in cell-cycle regulation and other processes where changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration induce a new physiological state of a cell. The main role of eEF-2 phosphorylation in these processes is temporary inhibition of overall translation in response to transient elevation of the Ca2+ concentrations in the cytoplasm. Temporary inhibition of translation may trigger the transition of a cell from one physiologic state into another because of the disappearance of short-lived repressors and thus the activation of expression of new genes.
Triptolide downregulates human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) gene expression in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells (2010)

In this study, we have shown that gene expression of human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) is suppressed by triptolide (TPL) in human melanoma SK-MEL-2 cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the downregulation of hST8Sia I gene expression in TPL-treated SK-MEL-2 cells, we characterized the TPL-inducible promoter region within the hST8Sia I gene using luciferase constructs carrying 5'-deletions of the hST8Sia I promoter. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST8Sia I gene demonstrated that the -1146 to -646 region, which contains putative binding sites for transcription factors c-Ets-1, CREB, AP-1 and NF-κB, functions as the TPL-inducible promoter of hST8Sia I in SK-MEL-2 cells. Site-directed mutagenesis and ChIP analysis indicated that the NF-κB binding site at -731 to -722 is crucial for TPL-induced suppression of hST8Sia I in SK-MEL-2 cells. This suggests that TPL induces down-regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression through NF-κB activation in human melanoma cells.
Incidence of Initial Local Therapy Among Men With Lower-Risk Prostate Cancer in the United States (2006)

These data quantify a target population for whom greater use of expectant approaches may reduce overtreatment and improve the quality of localized prostate cancer care.
Low‐dose fenfluramine significantly reduces seizure frequency in Dravet syndrome: a prospective study of a new cohort of patients (2016)

The effectiveness and safety of low-dose fenfluramine as an add-on therapy for DS in this new prospective cohort supports previous findings.
Deadlocks in Datacenter Networks (2016)

Driven by the need for ultra-low latency, high throughput and low CPU overhead, Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is being deployed by many cloud providers. To deploy RDMA in Ethernet networks, Priority-based Flow Control (PFC) must be used. PFC, however, makes Ethernet networks prone to deadlocks. Prior work on deadlock avoidance has focused on {\em necessary} condition for deadlock formation, which leads to rather onerous and expensive solutions for deadlock avoidance. In this paper, we investigate {\em sufficient} conditions for deadlock formation, conjecturing that avoiding {\em sufficient} conditions might be less onerous.
Control of performance degradation induced by contact etching for a ferroelectric capacitor using a pulsed-power inductively coupled plasma (2003)

Using a pulsed-power inductively coupled plasma technique, etching characteristics for a SiO/sub 2/ film were investigated and applied to control the ferroelectric performance degradation induced by plasma etching when a ferroelectric capacitor structure is built to make a FeRAM device. It was found that the pulsed-power plasma helps to effectively suppress the degradation of the remanent polarization 2P/sub r/, an important ferroelectric parameter, compared with the conventional continuous wave plasma. The polarization degradation sensitivities were characterized as a function of the duty ratio and time-modulation frequency in the pulsed plasma mode and we observed a strong dependency of the polarization on the duty ratio. We also tried to understand how the plasma composition change in the pulsed-power mode is correlated with the electrical characteristics degradation of the ferroelectric capacitor by means of ion mass spectrometry.
Sweetness and sweeteners : an industry-university co-operation symposium organised under the auspices of the National College of Food Technology, University of Reading, on 20th and 21st April, 1971 (1971)

Sweetness and sweeteners: an industry-university co-operation symposium organised under the auspices of the National College of Food Technology, University of Reading, on 20th and 21st April, 1971 , Sweetness and sweeteners: an industry-university co-operation symposium organised under the auspices... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Sensing and control of robotic manipulator by neural network (2002)

The neural network-based approach for sensing and control of robotic manipulators is presented. The authors corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for impact control of a robotic manipulator. Since it is difficult to sense collisions and to control the robotic manipulator undergoing collisions, the proposed approach has robustness against the impact force. It also has the effectiveness in sensing and recognizing of collisions by using the proximity sensor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detergent-insoluble glycosphingolipid/cholesterol-rich membrane domains, lipid rafts and caveolae (Review) (1999)

Within the cell membrane glycosphingolipids and cholesterol cluster together in distinct domains or lipid rafts, along with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in the outer leaflet and acylated proteins in the inner leaflet of the bilayer. These lipid rafts are characterized by insolubility in detergents such as Triton X-100 at 4 degrees C. Studies on model membrane systems have shown that the clustering of glycosphingolipids and GPI-anchored proteins in lipid rafts is an intrinsic property of the acyl chains of these membrane components, and that detergent extraction does not artefactually induce clustering. Cholesterol is not required for clustering in model membranes but does enhance this process. Single particle tracking, chemical cross-linking, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and immunofluorescence microscopy have been used to directly visualize lipid rafts in membranes. The sizes of the rafts observed in these studies range from 70-370 nm, and depletion of cellular cholesterol levels disrupts the rafts. Caveolae, flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane, that contain the coat protein caveolin, are also enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Although caveolae are also insoluble in Triton X-100, more selective isolation procedures indicate that caveolae do not equate with detergent-insoluble lipid rafts. Numerous proteins involved in cell signalling have been identified in caveolae, suggesting that these structures may function as signal transduction centres. Depletion of membrane cholesterol with cholesterol binding drugs or by blocking cellular cholesterol biosynthesis disrupts the formation and function of both lipid rafts and caveolae, indicating that these membrane domains are involved in a range of biological processes.
Solutions of Negatively Charged Graphene Sheets and Ribbons (2008)

Negatively charged graphene layers from a graphite intercalation compound spontaneously dissolve in N-methylpyrrolidone, without the need for any sonication, yielding stable, air-sensitive, solutions of laterally extended atom-thick graphene sheets and ribbons with dimensions over tens of micrometers. These can be deposited on a variety of substrates. Height measurements showing single-atom thickness were performed by STM, AFM, multiple beam interferometry, and optical imaging on Sarfus wafers, demonstrating deposits of graphene flakes and ribbons. AFM height measurements on mica give the actual height of graphene (ca. 0.4 nm).
Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties of <i>A</i>-site Ordered Perovskites <i>A</i>Cu<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (<i>A</i> = Ca and Y) (2010)

A-site ordered perovskites CaCu3Co4O12 and YCu3Co4O12, and their solid solutions Ca1−xYxCu3Co4O12 (x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75), were synthesized under high pressure (9 GPa) and high temperature (1273 K). They all have a CaCu3Ti4O12-type structure (cubic, space group: Im3̅) and the lattice constant a slightly decreased from 7.1226(5) Å of CaCu3Co4O12 to 7.1195(3) Å of YCu3Co4O12. Rietveld refinement based on synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction suggests that the valence state of CaCu3Co4O12 is close to CaCu3+3Co3.25+4O12, which differs from those of other CaCu2+3B4+4O12 perovskites. Substitution of Ca with Y at the A-site changes the metallic CaCu3Co4O12 to an insulating YCu3Co4O12, and a metal−insulator transition occurs at x = 0.50−0.75. The electrical resistivity, thermoelectricity, and specific heat results reveal that electrons are doped into the Co 3d band and that the valence state changes from CaCu3+3Co3.25+4O12 to YCu3+3Co3+4O12.
Reticulation, polychromasia and stippling of erythrocytes. (1978)

The morphology of the immature erythrocyte (reticulocyte, polychromatic erythrocyte, stippled erythrocyte) is described. Literature on reticulation, polychromasia and stippling is reviewed with special consideration of the inter-relationship of these phenomena, their chemical basis and the role of preparative techniques in their production. Techniques of reticulocyte staining are summarised and common stains discussed. The effect of dye batch variations on the reticulocyte count is considered. Techniques and stains for polychromatic and stippled cells are described with emphasis on methods which may be used to increase the relative frequency of each cell type.
Genetic improvement of processes yielding microbial products (2006)

Although microorganisms are extremely good in presenting us with an amazing array of valuable products, they usually produce them only in amounts that they need for their own benefit; thus, they tend not to overproduce their metabolites. In strain improvement programs, a strain producing a high titer is usually the desired goal. Genetics has had a long history of contributing to the production of microbial products. The tremendous increases in fermentation productivity and the resulting decreases in costs have come about mainly by mutagenesis and screening/selection for higher producing microbial strains and the application of recombinant DNA technology.
Mapping nanometre-scale temperature gradients in patterned cobalt-nickel silicide films (2002)

We have implemented a thermal mapping technique, scanning Joule expansion microscopy, with a high spatial resolution (about 20 nm) in order to investigate heat generation and dissipation in mesoscopic thin-film structures. In particular, we investigated narrow cobalt-nickel silicide lines having a granular morphology. We are able to directly visualize heating of the silicide in between the grains due to a local increase of the resistance, resulting in current crowding. The increase in resistance can be associated with a local reduction of the silicide thickness in between the larger grains. On the other hand, an enhanced silicide resistivity at grain boundaries may also contribute to the resistance changes.
An Immunomagnetic Separation-PCR Method for Detection of Pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> in Biological Fluids (2008)

Abstract Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Clinical manifestations of leptospirosis are similar to other febrile illnesses and this fact frequently retards the beginning of antibiotic therapy. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis is a prerequisite for proper treatment of leptospirosis. Antigen and DNA-based detection tests offer potential advantage over tests based on antibody detection for early diagnosis of leptospirosis since antibodies only reach detectable levels several days after the onset of the infection. This work describes a method for detection of pathogenic Leptospira that associates an immunoseparation step with a PCR assay and uses an internal amplification control (IAC) to ensure accuracy of the test. The immunoseparation was performed with protein A-magnetic beads in house coated with an MAb specific for LipL32, the major outer membrane protein of pathogenic Leptospira; PCR was performed using lipL32 specific primers. The IMS-PCR method enhanced detection of Leptospira in experimentally contaminated human sera and urine when compared to PCR performed alone. IMS-PCR was able to detect 10(2) Leptospira cells per mL of human sera and urine, corresponding to 25 genomic copies per PCR reaction.
The use of feedforward automatic gain control for reducing fast fading in single sideband mobile radio systems (1980)

SSB has been proposed as a means of utilizing the spectrum allocated to mobile radio users more efficiently and, at the same time, reducing electromagnetic pollution. The authors use a pilot tone positioned in a notch in the baseband spectrum at 1. 67kHz, 15db below peak speech power. The tone is filtered from the incoming signal and used to phaselock the receiver. It is removed by a notch filter before the audio output
Imaging of amyloid burden and distribution in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (2007)

We conclude that PiB-positron emission tomography can detect cerebrovascular beta-amyloid and may serve as a method for identifying the extent of CAA in living subjects.
Enhanced Light Extraction by Photonic Quasi-Crystals in GaN Blue LEDs (2009)

The far-field profile of photonic quasi-crystal patterned and unpatterned LEDs, fabricated from commercial epitaxial substrates by electron beam lithography, has been measured prior to lapping and dicing. Emission enhancements reach a maximum of 62%, and are strongly dependent on the filling factor. Qualitative agreement is achieved between 2-D finite-difference time-domain calculations and the experimental data.
Gut Peptides (1994)

Written by international experts, this reference presents the latest research on the structure, functions, and actions of the gut peptides. The first section of the book explains the general principles of the regulatory peptide systems of the gut. The second section provides a detailed account of the properties and functions of each of the major peptides. The final section focuses on the role of gut peptides in gut physiology and pathophysiology and integrates new information on topics such as gastric secretion, peptic ulcer disease, peristalisis, intestinal salt and water transport, growth regulation, gastrointestinal malignancies and the mucosal immune and inflammatory responses.