gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma in England: 2007–2011 (2015)

The overall outcome for patients with GBM remains poor. However, aggressive treatment at every age group is associated with extended survival similar to that described in clinical trials.
Consequences of DX centers on the charge distribution of double quantum well, δ -modulation-doped heterostructures (1995)

We have investigated the properties of modulation-doped, pseudomorphic, AlxGa1−xAs/ InyGa1−yAs heterostructures containing embedded, Si δ-doped GaAs wells. From galvanomagnetic and Shubnikov–de Haas measurements, we have determined the charge transport parameters before and after optically induced ionization of the DX centers in the structures. We find a DX center diffusion tail associated with the δ-doped donors extending into the undoped AlxGa1−xAs layers and conclude that for efficient modulation doping of a quantum well, δ doping and embedment of the donors within a GaAs well can reduce, but not entirely eliminate the effects of DX centers on the charge transport parameters.
The use of a polycaprolactone–tricalcium phosphate scaffold for bone regeneration of tooth socket facial wall defects and simultaneous immediate dental implant placement in <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> (2013)

Bone regeneration and aesthetic outcomes may be compromised when immediate implants are placed at extraction sites with dehiscence defects. The aim of this study was to compare, in a monkey model, peri-implant bone regeneration and implant stability after immediate implant placement into tooth sockets with facial wall defects in two treatment groups. In eight control monkeys, the bony defect was reconstructed with autogenous particulate bone, whereas in 10 test monkeys a polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) scaffold was used. The monkeys were sacrificed after 6 months and the specimens were analyzed by histology and histomorphometry. Better maintenance of facial bone contour was noted in the test group; however, bone regeneration was seen only at areas adjacent to a bony wall of the defect. The mean bone-to-implant contact was 27.6 ± 19.1% (control group) versus 6.8 ± 7.9% (test group). The mean bone area percentage was 11.8 ± 10.1% (control group) versus 6.8 ± 6.9% (test group). Implant survival was 100% at 6 months for both the groups. It was concluded that although the use of a PCL-TCP scaffold showed better maintenance of the alveolar contour as compared to autogenous particulate bone at 6 months, there was minimal bone regeneration within the defect.
Probabilistic noninterference in a concurrent language (2002)

The authors previously give a type system that guarantees that well-typed multi-threaded programs are possibilistically noninterfering. If thread scheduling is probabilistic, however, then well-typed programs may have probabilistic timing channels. They describe how they can be eliminated without making the type system more restrictive. They show that well-typed concurrent programs are probabilistically noninterfering if every total command with a high guard executes atomically. The proof uses the concept of a probabilistic state of a computation, following the work of Kozen (1981).
Space power alternatives for laser radar sensor system (2003)

The author identifies seven possible laser radar sensor power systems and briefly describes their performance and operating characteristics. These systems are the Ni-Cd battery, Ni-H/sub 2/ battery, Na-S battery, LiSO/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ battery, LiAl-FeS/sub 2/ battery, H/sub 2//O/sub 2/ fuel cell, and inertial flywheel-generator. These systems encompassed a current or projected specific energy range from 15.0 to 100 Wh/lb. Although total mass is one of the most important system parameters, other criteria such as development risk, technology readiness, and survivability/hardness capability are equally important factors. Therefore, in order to arrive at a meaningful basis for comparison and to aid in system selection, a figure-of-merit (FOM) is established. Scoring weighting factors are utilized to further quantify the results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Athermal Broadband Graphene Optical Modulator with 35 GHz Speed (2016)

Optical modulators with ultrahigh speed, small footprint, large bandwidth, robust athermal operation, and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility are important devices for optical communication and computing applications. Compared to the conventional optical modulators, graphene modulators have attracted great interest due to their large optical bandwidth with an ultracompact footprint. However, their practical applications are limited by the trade-off between speed and optical bandwidth, with a critical issue of temperature tolerance. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an athermal graphene optical modulator with a 140 nm bandwidth in the entire optical communication regime (1500–1640 nm), with robust high-temperature operation. The device is based on a planar structure with double-layer graphene, leading to the high modulation speed, up to 35 GHz through reduction of the total resistance, and capacitance (9 fF). We observe speed stability in a wide range of temperatures (25–145 °C). The ultracompact footprint (18 μm2) of the device promises the next generation of on-chip optical interconnections for efficient communication.
A Model for Adsorption Capacities of Charcoal Beds I. Relative Humidity Effects (1987)

Water vapor is the major interferent in the adsorption of other vapors from air when that air is passed through an activated charcoal bed. A limited amount of data (published and unpublished) is available on the magnitudes of capacity (or service life) reduction as a function of relative humidity (water vapor concentration) and preadsorbed water. A simple equilibrium model has been developed that quantitatively explains observed humidity effects and allows extrapolation of data to untested conditions.
Sequential Aspects of Relay Circuits (1949)

THE BASIS of relay circuit action is that a set of n of the 2-position devices can assume 2n distinct combinational patterns. Thus a particular input condition can produce a particular relay pattern which, by utilizing the contact configurations on the relays, generates a corresponding output condition. A new input condition develops another output condition, and so on.
Survivable WDM mesh networks (2003)

In a wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical network, the failure of network elements (e.g., fiber links and cross connects) may cause the failure of several optical channels, thereby leading to large data losses. This study examines different approaches to protect a mesh-based WDM optical network from such failures. These approaches are based on two survivability paradigms: 1) path protection/restoration and 2) link protection/restoration. The study examines the wavelength capacity requirements, and routing and wavelength assignment of primary and backup paths for path and link protection and proposes distributed protocols for path and link restoration. The study also examines the protection-switching time and the restoration time for each of these schemes, and the susceptibility of these schemes to multiple link failures. The numerical results obtained for a representative network topology with random traffic demands demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between the capacity utilization and the susceptibility to multiple link failures. We find that, on one hand, path protection provides significant capacity savings over link protection, and shared protection provides significant savings over dedicated protection; while on the other hand, path protection is more susceptible to multiple link failures than link protection, and shared protection is more susceptible to multiple link failures than dedicated protection. We formulate a model of protection-switching times for the different protection schemes based on a fully distributed control network. We propose distributed control protocols for path and link restoration. Numerical results obtained by simulating these protocols indicate that, for a representative network topology, path restoration has a better restoration efficiency than link restoration, and link restoration has a faster restoration time compared with path restoration.
Graph Partitioning Algorithms for Minimizing Inter-node Communication on a Distributed System (2013)

Palepu who are always there with me in good and difficult situations
Interface timing verification with delay correlation using constraint logic programming (1997)

Using constraint logic programming and relational interval arithmetic, as implemented in CLP (BNR) Prolog, we develop a simple yet complete method for interface timing verification. We show how the problems raised by timing verification (consistency, causality and compatibility) can be formulated as constraint satisfaction problems and solved using relational interval arithmetic when the timing constraints are of the linear, earliest or latest type; we examine the effect of correlation between timing delays (within their specified intervals) and show how an interval delay narrowing method can be applied in this context. The original contribution of this paper is to provide a unifying framework for interface timing verification and to present a method that allows delay correlation to be considered.
Catalytic Reactions among Complex Molecules (1937)

A brief review of the industrial development of contact catalysis is given, followed by a theoretical interpretation and discussion. Recent researches, in particular those carried out at the author's laboratory, are cited in support of the theoretical deductions. With the aid of the isotope, deuterium, it has been possible to demonstrate the activation of specific bonds in complex molecules at the same catalyst surface and under identical conditions of reactant concentrations.
Probabilistic model for definitional question answering (2006)

This paper proposes a probabilistic model for definitional question answering (QA) that reflects the characteristics of the definitional question. The intention of the definitional question is to request the definition about the question target. Therefore, an answer for the definitional question should contain the content relevant to the topic of the target, and have a representation form of the definition style. Modeling the problem of definitional QA from both the topic and definition viewpoints, the proposed probabilistic model converts the task of answering the definitional questions into that of estimating the three language models: topic language model, definition language model, and general language model. The proposed model systematically combines several evidences in a probabilistic framework. Experimental results show that a definitional QA system based on the proposed probabilistic model is comparable to state-of-the-art systems.
Rapid determination of bacterial ribosomal RNA sequences by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified DNA (1989)

Ribosomal RNA sequences are an appealing target for bacterial classification as well as for development of group- or species-specific DNA probes. Using the polymerase chain reaction and synthetic primers, the feasibility of this gene amplification technique for rapid sequence determination of the major 16S ribosomal RNA domains from small amounts of input DNA is demonstrated. Information useful for phylogenetic classification as well as for construction of specific DNA probes may be obtained by comparison with known sequences.
Expression of IGF-II in early experimental hepatocellular carcinomas and its significance in early diagnosis (2003)

During the induction of early experimental HCC by DENA, IGF-II may promote hepatocytic proliferation via a paracrine mechanism in the pre-cancerous stage. When hepatocytes are transformed into malignant cells, they may secrete IGF-II and promote malignant cell proliferation by an autocrine mechanism. IGF-II may be a possible biological marker in the early diagnosis of HCC.
Rheology of Supercritical CO2 Foam Stabilized by Nanoparticles (2016)

Abstract Foamed fluids with the gas phase of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been applied as fracturing fluids to develop unconventional resources. This type of fracturing fluids meets the waterless requirements by unconventional reservoirs, which are prone to damage by clay swelling and blocking pore throat in water environment. Conventional CO2 foams with surfactants have low durability under high temperature and high salinity, which limit their application. Nanoparticles provide a new technique to stabilize CO2 foams under harsh reservoir conditions. It's essential to determine in-situ rheology of CO2 foams stabilized by nanoparticles in order to predict proppant transport in reservoir fractures and improve oil production. The shear viscosity and foam texture of non-Newtonian fluids under reservoir conditions are critical to transport proppant and generate effective micro-channels. This study determined the in-situ shear viscosity of supercritical CO2 foams stabilized by nano-SiO2 in the Flow Loop apparatus with shear rates of 5950~17850 s−1 at the pressure of 1140±20 psig and the temperature of 40 °C. Supercritical CO2 with the density of 0.2~0.4 g/ml and the viscosity of 0.02~0.04 cp under typical reservoir conditions were applied to generate foams. The foams were tested with high foam quality up to 80% to minimize the usage of water. The effects of shear rates, salinity, surfactant, and nanoparticle sizes and on the rheology of gas foams with different foam qualities were experimentally investigated. The foam texture and stability were observed through an in-line sapphire tube. Further, proppant transport by CO2 foams and the placement in fractures were analyzed by considering the rheology of non-Newtonian fluids and the mechanisms of gravity driven settling and hindered settling/slurry flow. The conditions of nanoparticle foaming systems were optimized through orthogonal experimental design. The dense and stable foams were generated and observed under high pressure and elevated temperature conditions. It was observed that CO2 foams with high quality of 80% demonstrated the highest viscosity and stability under optimal conditions. The foams with nanoparticles demonstrated both shear- thinning and shear-thickening behaviors depending on foam quality and components. The salinity and nanoparticle size affect foam rheology in two ways depending on components, foam quality, and shear rates. While the viscosities of CO2 foam stabilized by nanoparticles have been widely studied recently, no work has been done to observe the stability and texture of supercritical CO2 foam after shearing under high pressure and high temperature, not to mention proppant transport by CO2 foam. This study provided a pioneering insight to the proppant transport by viscous supercritical CO2 foam stabilized by nanoparticles.
Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke: evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study (2019)

this pilot study was not registered.
Racial differences in patients referred for right heart catheterization and risk of pulmonary hypertension (2018)

African Americans (AA) have a higher incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) risk factors. Few studies have examined the racial differences in the prevalence and etiology of PH and direct comparison of invasive hemodynamics between AAs and Caucasians has rarely been reported. In this study, we examined whether racial differences exist in patients referred for right heart catheterization (RHC) and hypothesized that AA race is an independent risk factor for PH and is associated with increased adjusted mortality. We extracted data for AA and Caucasian patients who underwent RHC at Vanderbilt between 1998 and 2014. Clinical information was obtained from Vanderbilt's Synthetic Derivative, a de-identified mirror of our Electronic Medical Record. A total of 4576 patients were analyzed, including 586 (13%) AAs and 3990 (87%) Caucasians. AAs were younger than Caucasians by an average of eight years, but had more prevalent heart failure, features of metabolic syndrome, and higher creatinine. AAs also had higher mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. After adjusting for relevant co-morbidities, the AA race is associated with 41% increased risk of PH (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.79). Among patients with PH, AA race is associated with 24% increased adjusted mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.09-1.45). AAs were younger but had more prevalent cardiometabolic and renal disease and worse pulmonary hemodynamics. The AA race is an independent risk factor for PH. Among patients with PH, the AA race is associated with increased adjusted mortality. Future studies should focus on delineating whether genetic or environmental factors contribute to PH risk in AAs.
Synthesis of 1,10-seco-5α-estr-1 -ynes: potential mechanism-based inhibitors of 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (1993)

Oxido-reductase reactions mediated by 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases alter the biological effects of steroid hormones. A novel and practical synthetic route from 19-nortestosterone 1 to (3R,S)-1,10-seco-5α-estr-1-yne-3,17β-diol 13a and structurally related analogues has been developed so that the potential of these 1,10-secosteroids as mechanism-based inhibitors of 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases can be evaluated. Following double-bond reduction and acetylation of steroid 1, the Δ2-enol tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivative 4 is formed with high regioselectivity, then cleaved by ozonolysis, reduced with NaBH4, and methylated with CH2N2 to give 2,3-secosteroid 6. Carbons C1 and C2 are then sequentially removed to yield the (dodecahydro1H-benz[e]inden-7-yl)acetic acid derivative 10. Partial reduction and deacetylation of compound 10 by DIBALH yields the (dodecahydro-1H-benz[e]inden-7-yl)acetaldehyde derivative 11. The addition of HCCMgBr, LiCCCl and LiCCCF3 to aldehyde 11 yields 1,10-seco-5α-estr-1-yne 13a, and the chloro- and trifluoro-methylacetylenic analogues 13b and 13c, respectively. Selective oxidation by DDQ of 13a, and 13b, but not 13c, yields the corresponding 3-keto-1,10-secosteroids 14a and 14b.
Imaging cerebral microbleeds using susceptibility weighted imaging: One step toward detecting vascular dementia (2009)

SWI can reveal small CMBs on the order of 1 mm in diameter and this technique can be used to follow their development longitudinally. Monitoring CMBs may be a means by which to evaluate patients for the presence of microvascular disease that leads to PCI.
Attention-Based Vanishing Point Detection (2006)

Perspective is a fundamental structure that is found to some extent in most images that reflect 3D structure. It is thought to be an important factor in the human visual system for obtaining understanding and extracting semantics from visual material. This paper describes a method of detecting vanishing points in images that does not require prior assumptions about the image being analysed. It enables 3D information to be inferred from 2D images. The approach is derived from earlier work on visual attention that identifies salient regions and translational symmetries.
A Study of Wetting Behavior and Surfactant EOR in Carbonates With Model Compounds (2006)

Abstract This study focuses on the mechanisms responsible for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from fractured carbonate reservoirs by surfactant solutions, and methods to screen for effective chemical formulations quickly. One key to this EOR process is the surfactant solution reversing the wetting of the carbonate surfaces from oil-wet to water-wet conditions. This effect allows the aqueous phase to imbibe into the matrix spontaneously and expel oil bypassed by a waterflood. This study used different naphthenic acids (NA) dissolved in decane as a model oil to render calcite surfaces oil-wet. Because pure compounds are used, trends in wetting behavior can be related to NA molecular structure as measured by solid adsorption, contact angle and a novel, simple flotation test with calcite. Experiments with different surfactants and NA-treated calcite powder provide information about mechanisms responsible for sought after reversal to a water-wet state. Results indicate this flotation and a calcite chip cleaning test are rapid screening tools to identify better EOR surfactants for carbonates. The study considers the application of surfactants for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from carbonate reservoirs. This technology provides a new opportunity for EOR, especially for fractured carbonate where waterflood response typically is poor and the matrix is a high oil-saturation target for this process.
Converting excess low-price electricity into high-temperature stored heat for industry and high-value electricity production (2017)

The large-scale deployment of wind or solar energy results in electricity prices below the price of fossil fuels at times of high wind or solar output. Price collapse can be limited by using low-price electricity to heat firebrick to high temperatures, store the heat in firebrick, and provide hot air as needed to industrial furnaces, kilns, power plants and gas turbines. This sets a minimum price on electricity near that of fossil fuels.
Imported Fire Ant Toxic Bait Studies: Evaluation of Toxicants (1964)

Test methods were developed by which it is possible to evaluate quickly large numbers of chemicals for their potential as delayed-action ant bait toxicants. From these tests it has been determined that an effective toxicant must exhibit delayed action over a wide dosage range (preferably 100-fold or greater, be readily transferred from one ant to another and not be repellent to the ants when incorporated in a bait. Laboratory and field test data with 4 toxicants are presented. Mirex was the only toxicant which fulfilled these requirements. Kepone® (decachloroctahydro-1,3,4 -metheno-2H -cyclobuta[cd] pentalen -2 -one and HRS-1243 (1, la,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachloro-2-(2,3-dehydroxypropoxy) octahydro -1,3,4- metheno-2H-cyclobuta [cd] pentalen-2-ol) were the next most effective toxicants.
Multifocus Image Fusion by Establishing Focal Connectivity (2007)

Multifocus fusion is the process of unifying focal information from a set of input images acquired with limited depth of field. In this effort, we present a general purpose multifocus fusion algorithm, which can be applied to varied applications ranging from microscopic to long range scenes. The main contribution in this paper is the segmentation of the input images into partitions based on focal connectivity. Focal connectivity is established by isolating regions in an input image that fall on the same focal plane. Our method uses focal connectivity and does not rely on physical properties like edges directly for segmentation. Our method establishes sharpness maps to the input images, which are used to isolate and attribute image partitions to input images. The partitions are mosaiced seamlessly to form the fused image. Illustrative examples of multifocus fusion using our method are shown. Comparisons against existing methods are made and the results are discussed.
The effects of sample imperfections on optical spectra (1972)

Abstract The results of the theory of light reflection from rough surfaces have been extended to cover the case of light transmission through a sample with rough surfaces, as well as reflection and transmission for inhomogeneous samples. A concept of “Inhomogeneity Induced Roughness” of the constant phase plane has been introduced to describe the specular reflection from inhomogeneous media. The drastic influence of the multiple scattering effect on the optical spectra has been demonstrated for a simple model. The generalized formulae for reflection and transmission of light for imperfect samples are given. Finally, several peculiar experimental observations concerning exciton spectra in II–VI compounds, light scattering at the plasma frequency in metals, electroreflection, and other effects are discussed.