gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V (2012)

Metallic biomaterials have essentially three fields of use; these are the artificial hip joints, screw, plates and nails for internal fixation of fractures, and dental implants. Any of these devices must support high mechanical load and resistance of material against breakage is essential. High mechanical properties are needed for structural efficiency of surgical and dental implants. But their volume is restricted by anatomic realities what require good yield and fatigue strengths of metal [1].
Potentiation by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor of lipopolysaccharide toxicity in mice. (1994)

GM-CSF is known to prime leukocytes for inflammatory stimuli in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of GM-CSF in vivo in a systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome. The results demonstrate a potentiation of LPS toxicity by GM-CSF in a mortality model as well as in a septic liver failure model in mice. Pretreatment of animals with 50 micrograms/kg GM-CSF induced lethality within 24 h in mice challenged with a subtoxic dose of LPS while controls survived > 72 h. A monoclonal anti-GM-CSF antibody significantly protected against a lethal LPS dose. Serum GM-CSF was inducible by LPS and peaked at 2 h. GM-CSF pretreatment dramatically potentiated systemic TNF release and hepatotoxicity induced by a subtoxic dose of LPS in galactosamine-sensitized mice. Potentiation of LPS hepatotoxicity was possible until 30 min after LPS challenge. Polyclonal anti-GM-CSF IgG protected against septic liver failure in this model and attenuated serum TNF concentrations. In vitro an ex vivo experiments revealed that after GM-CSF pretreatment LPS-induced IL-1 release from bone marrow or spleen cells was also enhanced. These findings suggest that GM-CSF represents an endogenous enhancer of LPS-induced organ injury, possibly by potentiating the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1.
Copper-laser oscillator with adjoint-coupled self-filtering injection (1995)

A new injection-controlled laser resonator developed to achieve diffraction-limited beam quality for high-gain short-pulse lasers is reported. The resonator is seeded with a short-pulse laser signal by adjoint-coupled injection. The two-times diffraction-limited injection beam is self-filtered through a prepulse cavity propagation to improve its beam quality. The use of a self-imaging unstable resonator diminishes the edge-diffraction-induced beam deterioration. A beam quality of 1.1-1.3 times diffraction limited is achieved throughout the entire 70-ns laser pulse of a 30-W copper-vapor laser.
Vaccination of gnotobiotic primary specific pathogen-free pigs against Haemophilus parasuis. (1991)

Three trials were conducted to establish if young primary specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs could be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination. Three age groups of cesarean-derived isolator-reared gnotobiotic pigs were vaccinated twice at 4 and 6, 3 and 5, and 2 and 4 wk of age respectively with a formalin killed aluminum hydroxide adsorbed bacterin prepared from three strains of Haemophilus parasuis isolated from Ontario pigs affected with Glasser's disease. When challenged two weeks later with the homologous strains of virulent bacteria, all the vaccinated pigs remained healthy, while 17/18 nonvaccinated pigs became severely sick or died between three and seven days postchallenge. The one surviving nonimmunized pig was retarded in growth. All of the nonimmunized pigs had visible lesions of polyserositis, the most common being polyarthritis (14/18). Other lesions were fibrinous meningitis, pericarditis, pleurisy and/or peritonitis. Two of the pigs died with a septicemia. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from 15/18 nonimmunized pigs, usually from several of the affected sites. The organisms were not isolated from the immunized pigs, nor from the surviving nonimmunized pig. Attempts to detect the presence of specific antibodies against the H. parasuis strains in the sera of the immunized or exposed pigs by the passive hemagglutination test or by enzyme linked immunoassay were unsuccessful. The results of this work indicate that primary SPF pigs can be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination as early as 2 and 4 wk of age. The nature of this protective mechanism was not established in this study.
<i>The</i>5ESS<i>Switching System</i>: Applications Planning (1985)

The ESS™ system is designed for switching applications in rural, suburban, and metropolitan areas. It can function as a local, local/toll, or toll switch, and has features that make it suitable not only for use in the United States but in almost all countries. The modular design of the switch makes it particularly useful for solving wire center and network problems. This article discusses methods for solving such problems and presents some economic study results demonstrating the savings that can be achieved.
Cardiotoxicity From Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor‐2 (HER2) Targeted Therapies (2017)

B reast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the second-leading cause of death among women with cancer. 1 Whereas outcomes for many breast cancers are favorable, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers may have an aggressive clinical course and are associated with higher rates of disease recurrence and mortality. 2,3Such tumors are characterized by overexpression of HER2 and/or amplification of the ERBB2 gene. 2,4Development of the monoclonal antibody that targets the extracellular domain of HER2, trastuzumab, revolutionized the care of these patients, leading to large improvements in disease-free and overall survival. 5][8][9] HER2 targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab, are generally well tolerated.They do not have significant myelosuppressive side effects nor do they cause typical symptoms associated with chemotherapy, such as emesis and alopecia.However, the safety of therapies directed at HER2, in particular trastuzumab, has been questioned by concerns regarding cardiotoxic effects. 10
Vacuum Fixation Ring for radial keratotomy. (1984)

The Vacuum Fixation Ring helps stabilize the eye during radial keratotomy. It elevates the intraocular pressure, making the cornea rigid, and improves the control for deep reproducible incisions. The instrument is designed for use with topical anesthesia and a variety of diamond or steel knives.
The Effect of Ultracentrifugation on Fine Structure and α-Amylase Production in Barley Aleurone Cells (1969)

Ultracentrifugation of barley aleurone cells results in the stratification of organelles thus allowing for a quantitation of those organelles. Gibberellic acid (GA(3))-stimulated alpha-amylase production in stratified cells is reduced by centrifugation at gravitational forces greater than 40,000g. Forces below 30,000g do not affect GA(3)-stimulated alpha-amylase production although stratification of organelles occurs at these forces. The ability of centrifuged cells to respond maximally to GA(3) by producing alpha-amylase is related to the degree of redistribution of organelles within these cells. Thus, recovery of cells from centrifugation at forces below 30,000g is rapid, while recovery from forces above 40,000g is slow.
Prostatic cancer (1992)

Despite the controversies in management for all stages of prostatic cancer, guidelines are emerging that allow for better selection of treatments for individual patients. For early stage disease, prostate-specific antigen determinations in conjunction with other staging procedures have refined our ability to define truly organ-confined disease. The more widespread use of laparoscopic lymph node dissections has spared many patients needless laparotomies. For patients with metastatic disease, the overall effect of potency-sparing antiandrogens as monotherapy needs to be investigated. Most encouraging is that more groups are using prostate-specific antigen changes to assess disease activity and the rapid translation of recent laboratory investigations into the clinic. As our ability to predict the biologic potential of an individual patient's tumor is improved, more individualized treatment recommendations will be possible.
Night-time thermostat set back: fuel savings in residential heating. [Good Housekeeping Inst. test of one-family house] (1976)

The Good Housekeeping Institute study, in Englewood, NJ, using a house occupied by a family of four (two children) shows that a thermostat night setback of 8F makes possible savings of approximately 10 percent in the annual amount of fuel consummed even in the coldest areas of the U.S.; in milder climates the savings rises up to 15 percent. The greatest dollar savings are obtained in coldest areas since overall heating requirements increase appreciably for localities with severe winters; e.g., cost savings for the same house are expected to be twice as large in Minneapolis as in Atlanta. Use of a clock thermostat is recommended to obtain reliable automatic control of daytime and nighttime temperatures; although adjustments of thermostat can be performed manually, the occupant may forget to do it regularly and may also often find the need for an early morning resetting (such as 6 a.m.) quite inconvenient. Further experimentation with occupied houses in various climatic regions is to be encouraged; e.g., information on 8F setback at 72F vs. 68F daytime temperature would be particularly valuable. Presently the author speculates that percent savings for both conditions are of comparable magnitudes. (Conclusions)
Opportunities (2011)

This article examines how the concept of opportunity is used in analyses of choices people make and in analyses of social inequality and civil rights. It first considers the distinction between choices made without attention to what other agents do versus choices made strategically taking into account the possible actions of others. It then explains how agents may act to shape the constraints and opportunities they face, as well as how available opportunities may shape preferences. These abstract ideas are applied to the substantive field of inequality, first in the context of civil-rights legislation and debates in theories of justice, and second in an analysis of differential labor market outcomes. More specifically, the article looks at career opportunities and opportunity hoarding in the professions. Finally, it evaluates opportunities for discrimination in employment on the basis of race and sex in the current legal environment.
REVIEW (1975)

Symbols Public and Private . By Raymond Firth. Allen and Unwin, London, 1973, Pp. 9–469. Price (in U.K. only) £6.60.
On the Mechanism of Operation of the Barium Aluminate Impregnated Cathode (1957)

Emission and evaporation characteristics of a porous tungsten cathode impregnated with the composition 5BaO·2Al2O3 are presented and are interpreted in terms of the cathode mechanism. Barium necessary for activation is generated by the reaction, 23 Ba3Al2O6+13 W=13 BaWO4+23 BaAl2O4+Ba,and is transported through partially clogged pores, the length of which increases with time, predominantly via Knudsen flow. During transport, oxygen is acquired from the tungsten, leading to a substantial content of BaO in the evaporant. The BaAl2O4 component of the impregnant is inert. Emission is substantially lower than that of an L cathode, presumably because of release of a poisoning agent accompanying the activator.
IV. Ueber den Nitrirungsprocess der Benzolderivate (1884)

Auf Veraniassung des Herrn Prof. Dr
Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 and derived peptides activate protein tyrosine kinase p56<sup>Ick</sup> in human CD4 T lymphocytes (1993)

Human immunodeficiency virus binds to CD4 T lymphocytes by interaction between its envelope glycoprotein gp120 and the CD4 molecule. The latter is non-covalently associated with a src-related tyrosine kinase, p56lck. CD4 cross-linking increases the activity of p56lck, leading to phosphorylation of several cellular substrates. We report here that gp160/120 increases both the autophosphorylation of p56lck and its enzymatic activity (reflected by phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate) in normal T cells and the HUT78 CD4+ T cell line. This effect was detectable 5 min after activation and persisted for 40 min in normal T cells. It did not require gp120 cross-linking and was associated with phosphorylation of tyrosine residue on several proteins, as shown by phosphotyrosine Western blot analysis. The pattern of proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to gp120 activation was distinct from that induced by anti-CD4 antibodies. p56lck activation required its association with CD4, since p56lck activity was not modified in HUT78 T cell lines expressing a truncated or mutated form of CD4 unable to associate with p56lck. Peptides mimicking residues 418 to 434 and 449 to 464 of HIV-1 Bru gp120, regions known to participate in gp120 binding to CD4, also increased p56lck activity and triggered phosphorylation of similar substrates. Taken together, these results show that gp160/120 and derived peptides can transiently increase p56lck activity without the need for CD4 cross-linking. This activation led to a specific pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation on cellular proteins that may be of significance in the biological effects of the gp120/CD4 interaction, e.g. syncytium formation and inhibition of T cell activation.
Peptimmunology: Immunogenic Peptides and Sequence Redundancy (2005)

Using short peptide fragments of proteins to elicit antibodies able to recognize the protein from which the peptide sequence was derived, is one of the main goals in immunotherapy today. Indeed, peptide-immunotherapy appears as an obliged way to obtain antibodies of predetermined specificity and exempt from the complications associated with whole cells/entire protein vaccines. However, effective peptide-immunotherapy remains an exciting theoretical speculation largely unrealized to date. The major obstacle in designing effective peptide vaccines is our incapacity to scientifically define peptide immunogenicity. This mini-review schematically describes: 1) the available methods to identify epitopic peptides; 2) the sequence redundancy concept as a possible basis for peptide immunogenicity.
The effects of retinol on<i>in vitro</i>immunoglobulin synthesis by cord blood and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1993)

In this study we examined the effects of retinol (ROH), a metabolic precursor of retinoic acid (RA), on Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)-induced immunoglobulin synthesis of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). ROH augmented SAC-induced IgM synthesis of CBMC by 5.9 +/- 1.5-fold (n = 7, mean +/- s.d.), and IgG synthesis of adult PBMC by 16.3 +/- 5.1-fold (n = 3) at optimal concentrations of 10(-6) M and 10(-11) M, respectively. No augmenting effects could be demonstrated for the other immunoglobulin isotypes. Time-course studies showed that the synthesis of IgM by CBMC was accelerated with detectable immunoglobulin in supernatant fluids starting on day 3. ROH augmented immunoglobulin synthesis of CBMC stimulated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a T cell-independent polyclonal activator, and of EBV-transformed B cell clones (2.5 +/- 0.2 and 4.1 +/- 1.5-fold increase, respectively), which suggests that ROH can act directly on B cells to enhance immunoglobulin synthesis. In contrast, when ROH was preincubated with cord blood T cells, washed and added to the B cell-enriched fraction with SAC, no increase (0.9-1.8-fold) in IgM synthesis was obtained. Thus, the principal mechanism(s) by which ROH augments immunoglobulin synthesis is by acting on B cells. This is in contrast to the immunoglobulin-enhancing effects of RA which is mediated by T cells, or T cell products, e.g. cytokine. Our studies suggest that RA and ROH may have different pathways of immunoglobulin-enhancing effects, perhaps mediated by different retinoid binding proteins resulting in gene activation and immunoglobulin synthesis.
Improved model predictability by machine data in computational lithography and application to laser bandwidth tuning (2009)

Computational lithography (CL) is becoming more and more of a fundamental enabler of advanced semiconductor processing technology, and new requirements for CL models are arising from new applications such as model-based process tuning. In this paper we study the impact of realistic machine parameters that can be incorporated in a modern CL model, and provide an experimental assessment of model improvements with respect to prediction of scanner tuning effects. The data demonstrates improved model accuracy and prediction by inclusion of scanner-type specific modeling capabilities and machine data in the CL model building process. In addition to scanner effects, we study laser bandwidth tuning effects and the accuracy of corresponding model predictions by comparison against experimental data. The data demonstrate that the models predict well wafer CD variations resulting from laser BW tuning. We also find that using realistic spectral density distribution of the laser can provide more accurate results than the commonly assumed modified Lorentzian line shape.
Effects of Tocotrienols on Life Span and Protein Carbonylation in Caenorhabditis elegans (2000)

To assess the efficiency of tocotrienols against oxidative damage, we have demonstrated in a model-system nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, that tocotrienol administration reduced the accumulation of protein carbonyl (a good indicator of oxidative damage during aging) and consequently extended the mean life span (LS), but not the maximum LS. Conversely, alpha-tocopherol acetate did not affect these parameters. As a way to evaluate the protective ability of tocotrienols against oxidative stress, the life spans of animals administrated tocotrienols before or after exposure to ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress were measured. Ultraviolet B irradiation shortened the mean LS of animals, whereas preadministration of tocotrienols recovered the mean LS to that of unirradiated animals. Interestingly, postadministration also extended the mean LS more than that of unirradiated animals, and administration through the LS conferred greater protection. Thus, the administration of tocotrienols to animals results in a reduction of oxidative stress risks. These data indicated that tocotrienols merit further investigation as possible agents for antiaging and oxidative stress prevention. In addition, they suggest that C. elegans will continue to provide provocative clues into the mechanisms of aging.
An audio stream classification and optimal segmentation for multimedia applications (2003)

In this paper we investigate on-line zero-crossing based audio stream segmentation and classification into speech and other segments. We consider such segments as applause, noise of the auditorium, and silence. We demonstrate that the features extracted from zero-crossing are stable and valid to be used for speech and other signal discrimination and classification and don't require large amount of data for the training. We describe the optimal segmentation of unlimited audio signals using results of the frames classification. We demonstrate that using optimal segmentation is better than using traditional sliding window technique.
Biomarkers and associations with the clinical activity of PD-L1 blockade in a MPDL3280A study. (2013)

3001 Background: PD-L1, which is highly expressed on tumors, is a ligand of PD-1, an inhibitory receptor present on activated T cells. PD-L1 expression is regulated by intrinsic (mutations) and adaptive (tumor infiltrating T cells) mechanisms. MPDL3280A, a human monoclonal antibody containing an engineered Fc-domain designed to optimize efficacy and safety, targets PD-L1, blocking PD-L1 from binding its receptors, including PD-1 and B7.1. Methods: A Ph I study was conducted with MPDL3280A administered IV q3w in pts with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. The expansion cohort required available tumor tissue. In addition, the study included a serial biopsy cohort with tumor sampling prior to and during treatment. Tumor samples were analyzed by IHC and a Genentech immunochip measuring ≈90 immune-related genes to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment at baseline (BL) and/or during MPDL3280A treatment. Further, blood-based biomarkers and circulating immune cell subsets were serially measured. Results: Pretreatment tumor samples were available for IHC from 112 pts and for immunochip from 96 pts.In addition, 23 pts had paired BL and on-treatment samples. Blood-based biomarkers were evaluated in 76 pts. Elevated BL PD-L1 expression by IHC was associated with response to MPDL3280A, and coordinated expression of PD-L1 and CD8+ T-cells was observed. Furthermore, a T-cell gene signature (including CD8, IFNg and Granzyme-A) was associated with treatment response. On treatment, responding tumors showed increasing PD-L1 expression and a Th1-dominant immune infiltrate, providing evidence for adaptive PD-L1 upregulation. Nonresponders showed minimal tumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration and an absence of T-cell activation (measured by Granzyme-A and Perforin expression). Additionally, a subpopulation of pts exhibited changes in circulating cytokines (IFNg) and activated T-cell subsets (HLADR+Ki67+). Conclusions: PD-L1 tumor expression and T-cell gene signature correlate with response to MPDL3280A. MPDL3280A therapy led to T-cell reactivation and restored antitumor immunity. These data provide mechanistic insights into immunotherapy and support pt selection for treatment with MPDL3280A monotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01375842.
Der aggressive Hund in der Praxis (2009)

Was tun mit aggressiven Hunden? Wie vorbeugen, damit Konflikte nicht eskalieren? Hier gibt es Antworten und Tipps für das Management schwieriger Situationen und die Beratung der Besitzer.
Development of a Solution-Phase Synthesis of Minor Groove Binding Bis-Intercalators Based on Triostin A Suitable for Combinatorial Synthesis (2000)

The development of a solution phase synthesis of azatriostin A (2) suitable for the preparation of combinatorial libraries enlisting only liquid-liquid acid/base extractions for the isolation and purification of all intermediates and the final product is disclosed.
Audiologists in Australia, Canada, Central America, and South America (2006)

Audiologists in Australia, Canada, Central America, and South America Audiologists and the current status of audiology programs have been reviewed in Australia, Canada, Central America, and South America.Some models in these regions were influenced by neighboring advanced countries and the outcomes of their programs were informative and inspiring.Howerever, several programs in Latin America were severely limited due to economic situations.Relevant comparisons were made in connection with those of Korea. Table