gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE POWER OF THE WORD (1998)

THE COVER OF PAUL LANDAU S BOOK features a black and white photograph of an elderly African couple in what appears to be a kgotla.l Bright sunlight illuminates the man's face, but the woman's features are lost in shadow. The shadow of the photograph falls across the foreground. A photo credit identifies the couple as Mokakapadi and Mosele Ramosoka, representatives of the chiefly line that once ruled in Lerala, a village in northeast Botswana. One can never judge a book by its cover, but many of the central themes of Landau's provocative study reside in this unassuming photograph: the struggle over public space; the partial emergence of women into the public sphere; the problems of perspective inherent in any attempt to represent the African past. The fact that the photograph features the Ramosoka family serves to introduce the transformation at the heart of the book: the eclipse of older, village-based institutions and hierarchies by an expansive 'realm of the Word', resting on the three pillars of mission Christianity (specifically the London Missionary Society), imperial authority, and an expanding Ngwato chiefdom. Landau's argument defies easy summary. At the most basic level, the book examines the spread of Christianity within GammaNgwato, charting the complex processes of appropriation and transformation by which different groups within Ngwato society made the gospel their own. The book is also a study of the expansion of Ngwato authority under the leadership of chief Khama, whose long reign (1872-1923) saw GammaNgwato grow from a polity of a few hundred subjects to a vast kingdom embracing virtually the entire Bechuanaland Protectorate. Both sorts of processes are familiar to African historians and have any number of analogues elsewhere. What gives Landau's book its novelty is his insistence that these were not two separate processes at all, but rather entwined aspects of a single revolution. What transpired in GammaNgwato was not simply the substitution of one religion for another, or of one set of traditional leaders for another, but the construction of an entirely new political, religious and cultural realm.
Elastic Lamina Defects Are an Early Feature of Aortic Lesions in the Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse (2005)

The aortae from male apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice were examined by serial section immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to determine the continuity of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) and its association with developing intimal lesions. While in this model, defects in the elastic laminae have previously been described beneath advanced xanthomatous lesions, this study demonstrates that disruption of the IEL may be a primary factor in the localization and pathogenesis of intimal lesions in the apoE-/- mouse. IEL defects were found beneath early lesions in animals as young as 8 weeks of age. Small defects without associated intimal alteration were also observed. The elastic tissue defects beneath early intimal lesions were usually transversely orientated with abrupt "break" edges. Regions consistent with direct enzymatic digestion of the IEL were relatively rare and only observed beneath advanced plaques, particularly in the brachiocephalic artery. The presence of IEL defects around branch sites of old C57BL/6J control mice along with their matching localization and morphology in apoE-/- appears consistent with biomechanical fatigue rather than direct enzymatic degradation. In conclusion, disruption of the IEL appears to be a prominent early, if not initial, feature of the apoE-/- model of atherosclerosis and may act as the nidus upon which intimal lesions develop.
Ethylmagnesium Bromide (2001)

[925-90-6] C2H5BrMg (MW 133.28) InChI = 1S/C2H5.BrH.Mg/c1-2;;/h1H2,2H3;1H;/q;;+1/p-1 InChIKey = TWTWFMUQSOFTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-M (ethyl group introduction; used for preparation of other Grignard reagents) Solubility: sol diethyl ether (6.8 M L−1), dibutyl ether (5.4 M L−1), diisopropyl ether (1.0 M L−1), THF (1.5 M L−1), anisole (0.28 M L−1). Form Supplied in: 3.0 M solutions in diethyl ether (d 1.020 g mL−1), 1.0 M solution in THF (d 1.010 g mL−1) and 1.0 M solution in t-butyl methyl ether (d 0.841 g mL−1). Preparative Methods: details for preparation and determination of concentration are available.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: for preparation and use of EtMgBr the usual requirements for Grignard reagents must be considered (anhydrous Magnesium turnings and solvents, inert atmosphere). Reaction apparatus and bottles for storage of EtMgBr should be flushed with N2 and protected from moisture. At the end of the reaction the BrMg derivatives can be decomposed by adding dil acid. If the reaction product is sensitive to acid, hydrolysis can be done with a saturated NH4Cl solution.1
The Glen Osmond Silver-lead Mines, South Australia: Australia's First Metalliferous Mines (2008)

The silver-lead mines at Glen Osmond in the Adelaide foothills represent the birthplace of Australia's metalliferous mining industry. The mines operated from 1841 to 1850-1851, with some further production in the late 1880s. Although the Glen Osmond mines proved to be small, historically they are of national significance. They marked the beginning of Australia's first mining era which took place in South Australia during the 1840s, predating the discovery and working of rich gold deposits in the eastern states by a decade. The Glen Osmond mines were also the first indication of the important role mining would play in the State's economy in the second half of the 19th Century. These mines acted as a catalyst for further discoveries of metalliferous ores and Glen Osmond was the first location to attract skilled Cornish miners to South Australia. Cornish miners brought with them their traditional mining expertise and social customs, and went on to play a pivotal role in the more significant mines in the Kapunda, Burra and Moonta-Wallaroo areas.
A new method for measuring amplitude-to-phase-modulation conversion and amplitude-modulation compression (1962)

The new method presented is suitable for rapid testing of i.f. and microwave amplifiers under operational conditions. The input to the amplifier under test is a carrier simultaneously modulated in amplitude and phase, and the output is displayed on an oscilloscope by a spectrum analyser having special facilities for comparing the two sidebands and rejecting the carrier frequency. The technique of measurement is based on compensating the unknown phase modulation of the output signal with the known input phase modulation, the exact equality being indicated by noting the coincidence and minimum value of the two sidebands. The a.m.-to-p.h.m. conversion is then read on two instruments calibrated directly in decibels and degrees, and the a.m. compression is determined by reading the decibel scale of a u.h.f. attenuator.The new method is compared with those already known from the literature, and it is stated that the accuracy of measurement is primarily determined by the accuracy of measuring attenuation. A short analysis, upon which the new method is based, is given, and data for the equipment actually built are included, together with some typical oscillograms.
A proton Computed Tomography system for medical applications (2013)

Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) can improve the accuracy of both patient positioning and dose calculation in proton therapy, enabling to accurately reconstruct the electron density distribution of irradiated tissues. A pCT prototype, equipped with a silicon tracker and a YAG:Ce calorimeter, has been manufactured by an Italian collaboration. First tests under proton beam allowed obtaining good quality tomographic images of a non-homogeneous phantom. Manufacturing of a new large area system with real-time data acquisition is under way.
Cake shortenings (1977)

Abstract and Summary Triglycerides have been traditionally used in cakes to provide tenderness and grain. Specialty cake shortenings are used today to improve batter aeration, cake volume, grain, and to extend shelf life. The role of emulsifiers in providing improved shortening characteristics will be discussed. The features that will contribute to a quality cake shortening ‐ manufacturing procedures, characteristics, and specifications ‐ will be reviewed. Methods of use and handling will be related to cake quality.
STUDIES OF ELECTRON TUBE MATERIALS AND THERMIONIC EMISSION PROCESSES. (1962)

The thermionic emission properties of ultra-pure nickel-base oxide cathodes in a clean test diode were investigated. The effects of electrolytic activation, life-test conditions and gas ambient on thermionic emission were evaluated. The emission properties of pure nickel-base cathodes are compared with cathodes containing known im purities in the base metal or the coating and the effects of these impurities on emission are evaluated. The influence of the anode on cathode activation is shown. Measurements of the sub limation from various metal-base oxide cathodes are described. A Knudsen cell mass spectrometer system was designed and assembled for the study of high-temperature reactions between tube materials. The Knudsen cell was operated in the mass spectrometer at temperatures up to 2600 K, and the system was calibrated on the basis of published data of vapor pressure versus tempera ture for pure silver. (Author)
An adaptive Web page recommendation service (1997)

An adaptive recommendation service seeks to adapt to its users, providing increasingly personalized rec-ommendations over time. In this paper we introduce the \\Fab &quot; adaptive web page recommendation ser-vice. There has been much research on analyzing doc-ument content in order to improve recommendations or search results. More recently researchers have be-gun to explore how the similarities between users can be exploited to the same ends. The Fab system strikes a balance between these two approaches, taking ad-vantage of the shared interests among users without losing the benets of the representations provided by content analysis. Running since March 1996, it has been populated with a collection of agents for the col-lection and selection of web pages, whose interaction fosters emergent collaborative properties. In this pa-per we explain the design of the system architecture and report the results of our rst experiment, eval-uating recommendations provided to a group of test users. 1
Telepresence mobile robot for security applications (2002)

A mobile telepresence robot is currently being developed for use in surveillance and fire-detection applications that will be integrated into the present intelligent building system. The authors discuss the design, construction, and man-machine interface of the mobile telepresence robot. This system will allow the building operator to patrol remote areas from the safety and comfort of the building's control center. The viewing station contains a BOOM (binocular omni-orientation monitor)-mounted stereoscopic color viewer, while the robot consists of a self-powered mobile platform carrying the slave telepresence camera system and various navigational sensors. The robot patrols a predefined area and goes to a particular landmark autonomously in case of an emergency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mobility enhancement and quantum mechanical modeling in Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ channel MOSFETs from 90 to 300 K (2002)

A peak hole inversion layer mobility of 290 cm/sup 2//V-s has been achieved at room temperature in Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ buried channel pMOSFETs. The peak mobility rises to 970 cm/sup 2//V-s at 90 K. This corresponds to a 50% enhancement in the effective mobility over Si control devices at room temperature and enhancements of over 100% at 90 K. The mobility of MOS-gated Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ buried channel transistors can be effectively modeled at room temperature by considering the dependence of the surface scattering on the average separation of carriers from the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface. The mobility for devices with a 75-AA and a 105-AA Si spacer layer was tested and accurately modeled at room temperature using parameters extracted from a Si control device. At low temperatures ( approximately 90 K) an additional scattering term must be included to better fit the data. It is suggested that this additional term could result from alloy scattering in the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving the Lamps Mk III SH-60B HF Communication System (1991)

This thesis examines the over-the-horizon (OTH) communications capability of the SH-60B Seahawk. The LAMPS MkIII communications system incorporates a high frequency (HF) radio in its design to provide reliable two-way voice communications at extended ranges for use during operations that require the helicopter to be below the ship's radio horizon. In addition, the HF radio system is necessary to provide communications with non-LAMPS equipped naval forces and commercial shipping and to provide long-range, sea-air rescue capabilities. Topics addressed with respect to the OTH communication capability of the SH-60B Seahawk are the basics of HF propagation theory, a chronology of events concerning the SH-60B's current HF communications system and an analysis of issues.
Fast dynamic reconfiguration in irregular networks (2002)

Exploitation of the wiring flexibility in Networks of Workstations demands configuration methods that can handle dynamic changes in irregular topologies. During reconfiguration of a network based on virtual cut-through or wormhole switching, however deadlocks in the transition phase between the old and the new routing function must be avoided. The avoidance of such deadlocks will in general make the performance of the network suffer during reconfiguration. Keeping reconfiguration time as short as possible, and leaving as much as possible of the network untouched is therefore of importance. We propose a method for dynamic reconfiguration of networks using up*/down* routing that aims at reducing the consequences of reconfiguration. This is done by identifying a restricted parr of the network, the skyline, as the only part where a full reconfiguration is necessary. This means that most of the network does not need to take part in the reconfiguration at all (other than adding entries for new nodes, and removing entries for removed nodes). Experiments show that for the most frequent configuration changes the skyline will be empty in 85-95% of the cases, leaving the whole of the network operational through the entire reconfiguration. For the most dramatic changes in topology-the addition of a link connecting two previously disjoint networks-an average of 90% of the links can start using the new routing function immediately for some topologies. Our approach is in principle orthogonal to other approaches, thus existing methods for dynamic reconfiguration can be applied in the reconfiguration of the skyline.
Mutant Huntingtin Impairs Post-Golgi Trafficking to Lysosomes by Delocalizing Optineurin/Rab8 Complex from the Golgi Apparatus (2009)

Huntingtin regulates post-Golgi trafficking of secreted proteins. Here, we studied the mechanism by which mutant huntingtin impairs this process. Colocalization studies and Western blot analysis of isolated Golgi membranes showed a reduction of huntingtin in the Golgi apparatus of cells expressing mutant huntingtin. These findings correlated with a decrease in the levels of optineurin and Rab8 in the Golgi apparatus that can be reverted by overexpression of full-length wild-type huntingtin. In addition, immunoprecipitation studies showed reduced interaction between mutant huntingtin and optineurin/Rab8. Cells expressing mutant huntingtin produced both an accumulation of clathrin adaptor complex 1 at the Golgi and an increase of clathrin-coated vesicles in the vicinity of Golgi cisternae as revealed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, inverse fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis for lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 and mannose-6-phosphate receptor showed that the optineurin/Rab8-dependent post-Golgi trafficking to lysosomes was impaired in cells expressing mutant huntingtin or reducing huntingtin levels by small interfering RNA. Accordingly, these cells showed a lower content of cathepsin D in lysosomes, which led to an overall reduction of lysosomal activity. Together, our results indicate that mutant huntingtin perturbs post-Golgi trafficking to lysosomal compartments by delocalizing the optineurin/Rab8 complex, which, in turn, affects the lysosomal function.
A C++ Primer for Engineers: An Object-Oriented Approach (1997)

From the Publisher:
Geared primarily for the first programming course taken by engineers,this text offers a concise and practical introduction to C++ and features an attractive array of engineering problems and supportive tutorial examples. Using the principles of problem solving decomposition and top-down design,the text follows the evolution of programming ideas from the use of a single function to the use of a structure chart and functions to modularize,and finally to the use of object-oriented programming.
Epikeratoplasty for Keratoconus A Clinicopathologic Case Report (1987)

A 20-year-old man with bilateral keratoconus underwent an epikeratoplasty in the left eye. The postoperative course was uneventful. Five years postepikeratoplasty he developed progressive myopia in the operated eye. A contact lens would not remain centered and the spectacle correction in a trial frame was not tolerated. A successful penetrating keratoplasty was performed six years after the epikeratoplasty procedure. Light and electron microscopic studies of the corneal button showed hypocellularity and irregular distribution of the keratocytes in the lenticule and the accumulation of a periodic acid-Schiff-positive, electron-dense fibrillogranular material at the interface between the lenticule and the recipient Bowman's layer.
GPR15-Mediated Homing Controls Immune Homeostasis in the Large Intestine Mucosa (2013)

Lymphocyte homing, which contributes to inflammation, has been studied extensively in the small intestine, but there is little known about homing to the large intestine, the site most commonly affected in inflammatory bowel disease. GPR15, an orphan heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor, controlled the specific homing of T cells, particularly FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), to the large intestine lamina propria (LILP). GPR15 expression was modulated by gut microbiota and transforming growth factor-β1, but not by retinoic acid. GPR15-deficient mice were prone to develop more severe large intestine inflammation, which was rescued by the transfer of GPR15-sufficient Tregs. Our findings thus describe a T cell-homing receptor for LILP and indicate that GPR15 plays a role in mucosal immune tolerance largely by regulating the influx of Tregs.
A new technique for improved spatial resolution in high frame rate color doppler imaging (2004)

In ultrasound Color Doppler imaging, a grayscale B-mode image and a Doppler image representing velocities are overlaid to produce a color coded image of e.g. blood flow or myocardial movement. Normally, the B-mode and Doppler images are acquired at the same rate, resulting in trade offs between B-mode image quality and Doppler frame rate. In this work, we present a new scan sequencing technique for Color Doppler imaging, where the B-mode image is acquired at a lower frame rate than the Doppler scan. This is achieved by splitting the B-mode image in subscans which are acquired in between multiple scans of the entire Doppler image. In this way, a full width B-mode image with high spatial resolution is kept while the temporal resolution of the velocity information is increased. In this paper, application of the new technique in Tissue Velocity Imaging (TVI), is discussed, showing the potential for improving lateral beam density or temporal resolution in Color Doppler imaging.
EFFECTS OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON FIRMNESS OF BRINED CUCUMBERS (1979)

ABSTRACT Brined, fermented cucumbers were stored up to 1 yr under various conditions of pH (3.3, 3.8), NaCl concentration (5.5, 11.4%), temperature (4.4, 15.5, 26.6°C), storage time (3, 6, 9, 12 months), and CaCl 2 , addition (0.1%). Polygalacturonase (PC) activity in the brine was negligible. Firmness of the cucumbers was determined with a Magness‐Taylor fruit pressure tester. Temperature had the greatest influence upon retention of firmness, but effects of pH, % NaCl, and storage time also were significant (P ≤ 0.01). Rates of firmness loss ranged from <0.05 to ca 0.5 lb/month, depending upon pH, % NaCl and temperature. Firmness retention was greatest at 4.4–15.5°C, pH 3.8 and 11.4% NaCl. A prediction equation for the rate of firmness loss was developed. Addition of 0.1% CaCl 2 to the brine resulted in firmer cucumbers, particularly those stored at pH 3.3 (P < 0.01). Results indicated that firmness of cucumbers can be retained at lower brine strengths than currently used, provided the cucumbers are washed prior to brining to remove softening enzymes as in the controlled fermentation process, and temperature of the brine stock is maintained at ca 15.5°C or lower.
Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Al/TiC Composites in NaCl Solution (2011)

The corrosion behavior of TiC particles reinforced Mg-Al alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution has been evaluated using electrochemical techniques. Tested alloys included an Mg-9Al (Mg AZ91E) alloy with and without 56 wt. % TiC particles. Electrochemical techniques included potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance, electrochemical noise, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. All techniques showed that the composite exhibited a lower corrosion rate than the base alloy. Evidence of galvanic effects that increased the composite corrosion rate was found between the matrix and the TiC particles. Additionally, the tendency to suffer from pitting corrosion was higher for the base alloy than that for the composite. Electrochemical impedance results showed the importance of adsorption/diffusion phenomena in both materials.
A New Algorithm for Image Edge Extraction Using a Statistical Classifier Approach (1987)

This correspondence describes a new algorithm for extracting edges from natural images. Starting from a simple image model, the algorithm poses the problem of edge extraction as a statistical classifier problem. The algorithm is capable of extracting and detecting edges from images even in the presence of noise. A step by step mathematical derivation of the algorithm reveals the flexibility of the algorithm with pertinent parameters that can be varied for the specific need of the user. Finally, the proposed edge operator is compared to the well-known Marr-Hildreth's edge operator.
Life at Low Reynolds Number (2013)

American Journal of Physics vol 45, pages 3-11, 1977. Editor's note: This is a reprint of a (slightly edited) paper of the same title that appeared in the book Physics and Our World: A Symposium in Honor of Victor F. Weiskopf, published by the American Journal of Physics (1976). The personal tone of the original talk has been preserved in the paper, which was itself a slightly edited transcript of a tape. The figures reproduce transparencies used in the talk. The demonstration involved a tall rectangular transparent vessel of corn syrup, projected by an overhead projector turned on its side. Some essential hand waving could not be reproduced.