gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FOCUS: Function Offloading from a Controller to Utilize Switch power (2016)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) uses a logically centralized controller to replace the distributed control plane in a traditional network. One of the central challenges faced by the SDN paradigm is the scalability of the logical controller. As a network grows in size, the computational and communication demand faced by a controller may soon exceed the capabilities of a commodity server. In this work, we revisit the task division of labour between the controller and switches, and propose FOCUS, an architecture that offloads a specific subset of control functions, i.e., stable local functions, to the switches' software stack. We implemented a prototype of FOCUS and analyzed the benefits of converting several SDN applications. Due to space restrictions, we only present results for ARP, LLDP and elephant flow detection. Our initial results are promising and they show that FOCUS can reduce a controller's communication overhead by 50% to nearly 100%, and the computational overhead from 80% to 98%. Furthermore, we observe that FOCUS offloading to the switches saves switch CPU because FOCUS reduces the overheads for communication with the controller.
Data Mining Techniques for Autonomous Exploration of Large Volumes of Geo-referenced Crime Data (2001)

We incorporate two knowledge discovery techniques, clustering and association-rule mining, into a fruitful exploratory tool for the discovery of spatio-temporal patterns. This tool is an autonomous pattern detector to reveal plausible cause-effect associations between layers of point and area data. We present two methods for this exploratory analysis and we detail algorithms to effectively explore geo-referenced data. We illustrate the algorithms with real crime data. We demonstrate our approach to a new type of analysis of the spatio-temporal dimensions of records of criminal events. We hope this will lead to new approaches in the exploration of large volumes of spatio-temporal data.
Particle-size effects in the formation of bicontinuous Pickering emulsions (2015)

We demonstrate that the formation of bicontinuous emulsions stabilized by interfacial particles (bijels) is more robust when nanoparticles rather than microparticles are used. Emulsification via spinodal demixing in the presence of nearly neutrally wetting particles is induced by rapid heating. Using confocal microscopy, we show that nanospheres allow successful bijel formation at heating rates two orders of magnitude slower than is possible with microspheres. In order to explain our results, we introduce the concept of mechanical leeway, i.e., nanoparticles benefit from a smaller driving force towards disruptive curvature. Finally, we suggest that leeway mechanisms may benefit any formulation in which challenges arise due to tight restrictions on a pivotal parameter, but where the restrictions can be relaxed by rationally changing the value of a more accessible parameter.
Estimating the sea state bias of the TOPEX and POSEIDON altimeters from crossover differences (1994)

TOPEX (Ku band) and POSEIDON altimeter measurements at crossover points are used to estimate the sea state bias (SSB) of these two instruments. Different SSB models are tested, ranging from a constant fraction of the significant wave height (SWH) to more elaborate models involving up to four adjustable parameters. For TOPEX, the data show a decrease in the magnitude of the relative bias (SSB/SWH) with SWH. This behavior is well reproduced using a simple empirical model with two adjustable parameters. The three‐parameter SSB model used in the NASA geophysical data records does well in explaining the wind‐induced variations of the bias. A model including four adjustable parameters is needed to account for both the wind‐ and SWH‐related variability of the SSB. POSEIDON data analysis reveals a significantly larger SSB than for TOPEX. This bias seems to consist of a skewness plus tracker bias of −2 to −3% of SWH superimposed on a natural EM bias whose wind‐ and SWH‐related variations are similar to those of TOPEX.
Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 is a superior biomarker to other adipokines in predicting incident diabetes (2016)

Objective Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) improves glucose and lipid metabolism, but high circulating levels are found in type 2 diabetes, suggesting FGF21 resistance. Serum FGF21 predicts incident diabetes, but its performance compared to established and emerging predictors is not known. We aimed to study the performance of FGF21 in diabetes prediction, relative to other adipokines and established risk factors including 2-h plasma glucose (2hG) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Design/Participants/Measurements We studied 1380 nondiabetic subjects from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study using the second visit (2000–2004) as baseline when serum levels of FGF21 and other adipokines were measured. Glycaemic status was assessed by OGTT. Incident diabetes was defined as fasting glucose level (FG) ≥ 7 mmol/l or 2hG ≥ 11·1 mmol/l or use of antidiabetic agents, at subsequent visits. Results A total of 123 participants developed diabetes over 9·0 years (median). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, FGF21 (P = 0·003), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (P = 0·003) and adiponectin (P = 0·035) were independent predictors of incident diabetes. FGF21 had the best change in log likelihood when added to a diabetes prediction model (DP) based on age, family history, smoking, hypertension, BMI, dyslipidaemia and FG. It also improved the area under ROC curve (AUROC) of diabetes prediction (DP) from 0·797 to 0·819 (P = 0·0072), rendering its performance comparable to the ‘DP + 2hG’ model (AUROC=0·838, P = 0·19). Conclusions As a biomarker for diabetes prediction, serum FGF21 appeared to be superior to other adipokines and, on its own, could be considered as an alternative to the OGTT.
Pumping of water with ac electric fields applied to asymmetric pairs of microelectrodes (2000)

Bulk fluid flow induced by an ac electric potential with a peak voltage below the ionization potential of water is described. The potential is applied to an ionic solution with a planar array of electrodes arranged in pairs so that one edge of a large electrode is close to an opposing narrow electrode. During half the cycle, the double layer on the surface of the electrodes charges as current flows between the electrodes. The electrodes charge in a nonuniform manner producing a gradient in potential parallel to the surface of the electrodes. This gradient drives the ions in the double layer across the surface of the electrode and this in turn drags the fluid across the electrode surface. The anisotropic nature of the pairs of electrodes is used to produce a net flow of fluid. The flow produced is approximately uniform at a distance from the electrodes that is greater than the periodicity of the electrode array. The potential and frequency dependence of this flow is reported and compared to a simple model. This method of producing fluid flow differs from electrical and thermal traveling-wave techniques as only a low voltage is required and the electrode construction is much simpler.
Frequency-selective RF circuits (2001)

During the early days of radio design, the tuned amplifier was one of the most important subjects of electronic engineering. It was used as the input RF amplifier of radio receivers tunable in a certain frequency range and as an intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier tuned to a fixed frequency. From the 1930s to 1950s RF amplifiers using electron tubes were one of the most important and interesting research areas of electronics engineering and were investigated in depth. TV and all other wireless systems were other application areas for tuned amplifiers.
Use of voltage sensitive dyes to investigate electrical defibrillation (1988)

An approach called voltage-sensitive-dye recording is introduced for the study of electrical defibrillation of the heart. Voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) are molecular probes which transduce cellular potential into an optical signal. Specifically, the optical signals produced by VSDs can be used to follow the time-course of cardiac action potentials. This style of recording is advantageous because the processes involved in the transduction of membrane potential are insensitive to the large extracellular electrical fields created by defibrillating shocks. Thus it is possible to observe both the changes in membrane voltage imposed by the passage of shock current and the subsequent electrophysiological responses of the myocardium.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Situ Condition Monitoring of High-Voltage Discrete Power MOSFET in Boost Converter Through Software Frequency Response Analysis (2016)

The efforts for more reliable power conversion systems have been gaining momentum in recent years. The majority of the studies concerning reliability of power switches focus on the package-related failures, mainly caused by the cyclic thermal stress. The basic failure precursor for this type of stress has been identified as increased on-state resistance for power MOSFETs in the recent literature. On-state resistance monitoring during converter operation is a challenging and costly task as it requires current and voltage sensing circuits, which can block the high voltage across the switch during off-state to protect the measurement or control unit. This paper proposes a software frequency response analysis method to determine the health status of high-voltage power MOSFETs with high on-state resistance. This is achieved by analyzing and evaluating the variation in the plant model at double pole frequency using the same DSP that is used for control purposes. The proposed concept is analyzed for boost converter; however, it can be used to detect the on-state resistance variation in other types of converters operating in continuous condition mode (CCM). The proposed algorithm is embedded in a low cost DSP and experimentally verified on a dc/dc boost converter.
Peptide sequencing by matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption mass spectrometry (1992)

A novel method of peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry is described. Metastable decay of laser-desorbed ions, taking place in the first field-free drift region of a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer, has been monitored to get structural information from larger peptides. Fragment ions from metastable decay are mass analysed by adjusting the potentials of the ion reflectron according to the kinetic energies of the ions. The features of the technique and its significance for future applications are outlined.
Autoionization-Pumped Laser (1982)

Doubly excited autoionizing states in barium of the configuration $6{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}\mathrm{np}$ ($n>~12$) are shown to decay preferentially to yield the $6{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ excited state of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$. The resulting population inversion is used to produce amplified spontaneous emission at 493 and 650 nm corresponding to the $6{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}6{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $6{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}5{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transitions in ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$. This principle of selective autoionization is expected to be applicable to the construction of a new class of ion lasers extending into the vacuum-ultraviolet wavelength region.
Basigin-2 Is a Cell Surface Receptor for Soluble Basigin Ligand (2008)

The metastatic spread of a tumor is dependent upon the ability of the tumor to stimulate surrounding stromal cells to express enzymes required for tissue remodeling. The immunoglobulin superfamily protein basigin (EMMPRIN/CD147) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by tumor cells that stimulates matrix metalloproteinase and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in stromal cells. The ability of basigin to stimulate expression of molecules involved in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis makes basigin a potential target for the development of strategies to block metastasis. However, the identity of the cell surface receptor for basigin remains controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the identity of the receptor for basigin. Using a novel recombinant basigin protein (rBSG) corresponding to the extracellular domain of basigin, it was demonstrated that the native, nonglycosylated rBSG protein forms dimers in solution. Furthermore, rBSG binds to the surface of uterine fibroblasts, activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 3. Proteins that interact with rBSG were isolated using a biotin label transfer technique and sequenced by matrixassisted laser desorption ionization tandem mass spectrophotometry. The results demonstrate that rBSG interacts with basigin expressed on the surface of fibroblasts and is subsequently internalized. During internalization, rBSG associates with a novel form of human basigin (basigin-3). It was concluded that cell surface basigin functions as a membrane receptor for soluble basigin and this homophilic interaction is not dependent upon glycosylation of the basigin ligand.
Luminous Build-up Characteristics of a Compact Fluorescent Lamp with Two Ieparated Inner Tubes (1984)

build-up characteristics of a compact fluorescent lamp with two separated inner tubes have been studied. In
Low cost portability for statistical machine translation based on n-gram frequency and TF-IDF (2005)

Statistical machine translation relies heavily on the available training data. In some cases it is necessary to limit the amount of training data that can be created for or actually used by the systems. We introduce weighting schemes which allow us to sort sentences based on the frequency of unseen n-grams. A second approach uses TF-IDF to rank the sentences. After sorting we can select smaller training corpora and we are able to show that systems trained on much less training data achieve a very competitive performance compared to baseline systems using all available training data.
Natural products and body weight control (2011)

The purpose of the review was to summarise the effect of some commonly available natural products used for body weight management. We collected data from PubMed and scientific journals. There are numerous publications on this topic, however we have summarized the most commonly available and potent natural products from recent 53 publications. The natural products analyzed in this paper include catechins, capsaicin, conjugated linoleic acid, fucoxanthin, soy isoflavone, glabridin, astaxanthin and cyaniding-3-glucoside. These natural products are effective and safe for body weight management. Further studies need to be conducted to investigate the mechanism of action, metabolism, long term safety and side effects of these natural products, as well as interactions between these natural products with dietary components.
Actively mode-locked lasers integrated with electroabsorption modulators and chirped gratings (2002)

We have fabricated actively mode-locked lasers integrated with electroabsorption modulators and chirped gratings. A schematic drawing of the monolithic laser integrated with an EA modulator and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is shown. Short pulses of less than 6 ps were generated over a wide frequency range from 18.9 GHz to 19.8 GHz.
Mobile content and service delivery platforms: a technology classification model (2012)

Purpose This paper seeks to propose a technology classification model for mobile content and service delivery platforms (MCSDPs), the core of mobile middleware technology providers' (MMTPs) value proposition. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model is grounded on existing literature and empirical research consisting of 40 in‐depth case studies with MMTPs and 102 semi‐structured interviews with top management from firms operating in the mobile content environment that already own or are interested in purchasing a MCSDP. Theoretical sampling was employed. The quality function deployment (QFD) technique was used to create the final technology classification schema. Findings The MCSDP technology classification model has three components: a MCSDP functional architecture, which describes platform structure in terms of its endowment of functionalities and capabilities; a MCSD classification schema, which allows the identification of a set of platform categories classified according to the range of functionalities usually possessed; and a technology classification schema consisting of a set of technology dimensions that directly influence platform efficiency and effectiveness. Practical implications The proposed model can be used for mapping existing and future MCSDP offer in terms of technological strengths and weaknesses and thus support decision‐making by platform vendors and buyers. Originality/value The main contribution is the creation of a reference framework capable of rigorously modelling the emergent phenomenon related to the rise of middleware platform providers within the mobile content environment. The paper also contributes to extending the existing QFD literature, since it demonstrates the house of quality tool's usefulness in a new context of application.
Anthraquinone-Based Dichroic Dyes for Achromatic Black Guest-host Liquid Crystal Display (1985)

Abstract The properties of three different classes of 2,3-substituted 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone dichroic greenish blue dyes with a maximum absorption peak in the long wavelength region from 660 nm up to 760 nm, which are useful as a guest dye in an achromatic black guest-host liquid crystal display, have been investigated. 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone-(N-substituted-3-imino)-2,3-dicarboximidines (I) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone-(N-substituted-3-thioxo)-2,3-dicarboximidines (II) exhibit higher dichroic ratios and higher solubilities and moreover the latter class (II) shows a maximum absorption peak at a much longer wavelength, compared to 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone-(N-substituted)-2,3-dicarboximides (III). The order of various properties in the three classes of dyes are as follows: II > I > III for dichroic ratio, II > I > III for solubility, and II > III > I for maximum absorption wavelength, respectively.
Genetic variation in<i>APOB</i>,<i>PCSK9</i>, and<i>ANGPTL3</i>in carriers of pathogenic autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemic mutations with unexpected low LDL-Cl Levels (2011)

Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia (ADH) is caused by LDLR and APOB mutations. However, genetically diagnosed ADH patients do not always exhibit the expected hypercholesterolemic phenotype. Of 4,669 genetically diagnosed ADH patients, identified through the national identification screening program for ADH, 75 patients (1.6%) had LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below the 50th percentile for age and gender prior to lipid-lowering therapy. The genes encoding APOB, PCSK9, and ANGPTL3 were sequenced in these subjects to address whether monogenic dominant loss-of-function mutations underlie this paradoxical phenotype. APOB mutations, resulting in truncated APOB, were found in five (6.7%) probands, reducing LDL-C by 56%. Rare variants in PCSK9, and ANGPTL3 completely correcting the hypercholesterolemic phenotype were not found. The common variants p.N902N, c.3842+82T>A, p.D2312D, and p.E4181K in APOB, and c.1863+94A>G in PCSK9 were significantly more prevalent in our cohort compared to the general European population. Interestingly, 40% of our probands carried at least one minor allele for all four common APOB variants compared to 1.5% in the general European population. While we found a low prevalence of rare variants in our cohort, our data suggest that regions in proximity of the analyzed loci, and linked to specific common haplotypes, might harbor additional variants that correct an ADH phenotype.
Functional object mapping of kitchen environments (2008)

In this paper we investigate the acquisition of 3D functional object maps for indoor household environments, in particular kitchens, out of 3D point cloud data. By modeling the static objects in the world into hierarchical classes in the map, such as cupboards, tables, drawers, and kitchen appliances, we create a library of objects which a household robotic assistant can use while performing its tasks. Our method takes a complete 3D point cloud model as input, and computes an object model for it. The objects have states (such as open and closed), and the resultant model is accurate enough to use it in physics-based simulations, where the doors can be opened based on their hinge position. The model is built through a series of geometrical reasoning steps, namely: planar segmentation, cuboid decomposition, fixture recognition and interpretation (e.g. handles and knobs), and object classification based on object state information.
Effects of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide on soil mineral N, pasture yield, nutrient uptake and pasture quality in a grazed pasture system (2007)

Abstract Recent lysimeter studies have demonstrated that the nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), can reduce nitrate (NO ) leaching losses from cow urine patches in grazed pasture systems. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of fine particle suspension (FPS) DCD on soil mineral N components, pasture yield, nutrient uptake and pasture quality under grazed pasture conditions. A field study was conducted on the Lincoln University dairy farm, Canterbury, New Zealand, from 2002 to 2006. FPS DCD was applied to grazed pasture plots at 10 kg ha −1 in early May in addition to applied cow urine patches at a nitrogen (N) loading rate of 1000 kg N ha −1 , with DCD reapplied in early August. Soil mineral N levels in the urine patches were monitored. Pasture yield, N and cation concentrations and uptake were measured in treatment urine patches and inter‐urine areas of the pasture. Comparisons were made with control plots which did not receive DCD. NO levels under the DCD‐treated urine patches (0–7.5 cm) were in the order of 10 kg N ha −1 compared with 40–80 kg N ha −1 under untreated patches, and soil ammonium (NH ) levels were consistently higher under the DCD‐treated patches. The DCD significantly and consistently increased pasture yield in both the urine patches, and inter‐urine areas of the pasture in all 4 years of the trial. Mean annual dry matter (DM) yields over 4 years were inter‐urine areas, 10.3; inter‐urine + DCD, 12.4; urine, 12.4 and urine +DCD 16.0 t DM ha −1 , representing an average DM yield increase of 20 and 29% in inter‐urine and urine patch areas, respectively. On a whole paddock basis, the increase in annual DM yield resulting from DCD application was estimated to be 21%. N, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) concentrations in pasture were unaffected by treatment with DCD; however, total annual uptake of these nutrients by pasture was significantly higher in all years where DCD had been applied. Pasture DM, protein, carbohydrate, metabolizable energy and fibre levels and sward clover content were not affected by treatment with DCD. The results demonstrate the agronomic value of the DCD treatment in addition to the environmental benefits in a grazed pasture system.