gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fish-on-a-chip: microfluidics for zebrafish research (2016)

High-efficiency zebrafish (embryo) handling platforms are crucially needed to facilitate the deciphering of the increasingly expanding vertebrate-organism model values. However, the manipulation platforms for zebrafish are scarce and rely mainly on the conventional "static" microtiter plates or glass slides with rigid gel, which limits the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D), tissue/organ-oriented information acquisition from the intact larva with normal developmental dynamics. In addition, these routine platforms are not amenable to high-throughput handling of such swimming multicellular biological entities at the single-organism level and incapable of precisely controlling the growth microenvironment by delivering stimuli in a well-defined spatiotemporal fashion. Recently, microfluidics has been developed to address these technical challenges via tailor-engineered microscale structures or structured arrays, which integrate with or interface to functional components (e.g. imaging systems), allowing quantitative readouts of small objects (zebrafish larvae and embryos) under normal physiological conditions. Here, we critically review the recent progress on zebrafish manipulation, imaging and phenotype readouts of external stimuli using these microfluidic tools and discuss the challenges that confront these promising "fish-on-a-chip" technologies. We also provide an outlook on future potential trends in this field by combining with bionanoprobes and biosensors.
Location of a Caldera Source for the Soldier Meadow Tuff, Northwestern Nevada, Indicated by Gravity and Aeromagnetic Data (1981)

Research Article| January 01, 1981 Location of a Caldera Source for the Soldier Meadow Tuff, Northwestern Nevada, Indicated by Gravity and Aeromagnetic Data R. C. Greene; R. C. Greene 1U.S. Geological Survey, American Embassy, APO New York 09697 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Donald Plouff Donald Plouff 2U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1981) 92 (1_Part_II): 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-P2-92-39 Article history first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation R. C. Greene, Donald Plouff; Location of a Caldera Source for the Soldier Meadow Tuff, Northwestern Nevada, Indicated by Gravity and Aeromagnetic Data. GSA Bulletin 1981;; 92 (1_Part_II): 39–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-P2-92-39 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Soldier Meadow Tuff in north-western Nevada is part of a sequence of peralkaline and subalkaline rhyolitic rocks of Miocene age that occupies an area of about 1,600 km2 and has a volume of about 50 km3. The formation is mostly welded tuff containing abundant alkali feldspar and quartz phenocrysts in devitrified groundmass containing minute needles of blue-green alkali amphibole. The rhyolite of Badger Mountain is similar in mineralogy and chemistry, but textures suggest that it is a flow rhyolite. The underlying rhyolite of Catnip Mountain and tuff of Trough Mountain are phenocryst-poor but apparently also peralkaline. Gravity and aeromagnetic anomaly maps show 16- by 24-km anomalies near Badger Mountain. An analysis of these maps suggests that observed anomalies could be caused by a concealed caldera of 2,700-m thickness filled with rocks 0.2 g/cm3 less dense and 0***002 emu/cm3 lower magnetic susceptibility than the surrounding rocks. Distribution of the Soldier Meadow Tuff and the occurrence of numerous vents in the rhyolite of Badger Mountain suggest that the source for both units is associated with the indicated caldera. Possible alternative sources are other calderas whose locations are suggested by a 7- by 11-km gravity minimum near Rock Spring Table and a 12- by 24-km magnetic minimum west of Soldier Meadow. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
Assessment of Unsteady Flows in Turbines (1992)

The impacts of unsteady flow research activities on flow simulation methods used in the turbine design process are assessed. Results from experimental investigations that identify the impact of periodic unsteadiness on the time-averaged flows in turbines and results from numerical simulations obtained by using three-dimensional unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes indicate that some of the unsteady flow features can be fairly accurately predicted. Flow parameters that can be modeled with existing steady CFD codes are distinguished from those that require unsteady codes.
The evolution of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase product specificity (2009)

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) have attracted major interest from industry due to their unique capacity of forming large quantities of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) from starch. CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 (alpha), 7 (beta) and 8 (gamma) glucose units. In an effort to identify the structural factors contributing to the evolutionary diversification of product specificity amongst this group of enzymes, we selected nine CGTases from both mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms for comparative product analysis. These enzymes displayed considerable variation regarding thermostability, initial rates, percentage of substrate conversion and ratio of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins formed from starch. Sequence comparison of these CGTases revealed that specific incorporation and/or substitution of amino acids at the substrate binding sites, during the evolutionary progression of these enzymes, resulted in diversification of cyclodextrin product specificity.
Fluorinated amorphous carbon films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition for solar cell applications (2003)

Heterojunction diodes fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) and fluorine doped amorphous carbons (a-C:H:F) on p-type silicon are analyzed in terms of their electronic and photovoltaic properties. Their structural and optical properties were identified by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and UV–VIS trasmittance. The nature of the heterojunction is confirmed by the rectifying current–voltage characteristic of the carbonaceous deposits/p-Si junction. The diodes show a behavior dependent on the amount of the fluorine content. The photovoltaic behavior of the junction is investigated as a function of both fluorine incorporation and thermal treatment of the a-C:H:F films after the deposition. Better photovoltaic effects were observed from annealed a-C:H:F heterojunction structures. The optical and structural characterization performed on films after the thermal treatment indicates that this behavior is most likely due to an extended graphitization.
A Convenient Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted 2-Acetylindoles (1992)

Abstract An easy synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-2-actylindoles by the HC1 cyclization of the corresponding phenylhydrazones is described.
A new direct manipulation technique for aligning objects in drawing programs (1996)

Current drawing programs provide mainly three ways for carrying out object alignment: either by issuing an alignment command, or by using direct positioning with the help of gravity active points, or by making use of constraints. The first technique has limited functionality, and the other two may be mysterious for a novice. We describe here a new direct manipulation tool for alignment. We show that while direct manipulation helps to make the tool intuitive, it has through iterative design evolved into a tool that also offers functionality not found in current commercial products.
Subsurface settlement profiles above tunnels in clays (1993)

Designers assessing the possible effect of tunnelling on structures relatively close to the tunnel crown need to know how subsurface settlement profiles develop, and how these relate to surface settlement profiles. The effect on piled foundations or existing tunnels depends on the width of the subsurface settlement profile and on the magnitude of the settlement. This note uses available field measurements and centrifuge model test data to determine how the widths of the settlement profiles and the magnitudes of settlement vary with depth above tunnels constructed in clays. The results reveal a fairly consistent pattern of behaviour: the width of the subsurface settlement troughs at depth is significantly greater than would be predicted by assuming a constant trough width parameter K of 0.5. Smaller more realistic subsurface settlements and strains will be predicted if account is taken of the proportionally wider trough widths at depth.
A New Epiphenomenalism (1970)

In chapter 5 we argued that although mental states are indeed inner causes apt to produce behavior, this is not all they are. Mental states have also, among their mental properties, phenomenal properties; and it was urged that awareness by phenomenal properties is incompatible with a purely materialist doctrine of the inner, mental causes of behavior.
Spinal cord stimulation in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: A multicentre randomized clinical trial (2014)

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a peripheral neuropathic pain condition that is often difficult to relieve. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a proven effective therapy for various types of mixed neuropathic conditions, yet effectiveness of SCS treatment for PDN is not well established. To our knowledge, ours is the first multicentre randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of SCS in patients with PDN. Sixty patients with PDN in the lower extremities refractory to conventional medical therapy were enrolled and followed for 6 months. They were randomized 2:1 to best conventional medical practice with (SCS group) or without (control group) additional SCS therapy, and both groups were assessed at regular intervals. At each follow-up visit, the EuroQoL 5D, the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and a visual analogue scale (VAS, ranging 0-100) to measure pain intensity were recorded. The average VAS score for pain intensity was 73 in the SCS group and 67 in the control group at baseline. After 6 months of treatment, the average VAS score was significantly reduced to 31 in the SCS group (P<.001) and remained 67 (P=.97) in the control group. The SF-MPQ and EuroQoL 5D questionnaires also showed that patients in the SCS group, unlike those in the control group, experienced reduced pain and improved health and quality of life after 6 months of treatment. In patients with refractory painful diabetic neuropathy, spinal cord stimulation therapy significantly reduced pain and improved quality of life.
Histology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Adults and Children (2015)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver disease associated with obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Although steatosis is a key histologic feature, liver biopsies of patients with NAFLD can show a wide range of findings. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive subtype of NAFLD first defined by analogy to alcoholic hepatitis. Young children may have an alternate pattern of progressive NAFLD characterized by a zone 1 distribution of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Several grading and staging systems exist, but all require adequate biopsies. Although NASH generally shows fibrosis progression over time, some patients show regression of disease.
Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> participate in lipopolysaccharide/interferon‐γ‐induced heme oxygenase 1 and prevent RAW264.7 macrophages from UV‐irradiation‐induced cell death (2002)

Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 during inflammation has been demonstrated in many cell types, but the contribution of inflammatory molecules nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has remained unresolved. Here we show that NO donors including sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and spermine nonoate (SP-NO), and PGE(2) significantly stimulate HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, associated with alternative induction on NO and PGE(2) in medium, respectively. NO donors also show the inductive effect on cyclo-oxygenase 2 protein and PGE(2) production. In the presence of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma), HO-1 protein was induced slightly but significantly, and SNP, SP-NO, and PGE(2) enhanced HO-1 protein induced by LPS/IFN-gamma. L-Arginine analogs N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and N-nitro-L-arginine (NLA) significantly block HO-1 protein induced by LPS/IFN-gamma associated with a decrease in NO (not PGE(2)) production. And, NSAIDs aspirin and diclofenase dose dependently inhibited LPS/IFN-gamma-induced HO-1 protein accompanied by suppression of PGE(2) (not NO) production. PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of MEKK), but not SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38 kinase), attenuated PGE(2) (not SP-NO) induced HO-1 protein. Under UVC (100 J/m(2)) and UVB (50 J/m(2)) irradiation, PGE(2) or SP-NO treatment prevents cells from UVC or UVB-induced cell death, and HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) reverses the preventive effects of PGE(2) and SP-NO. The protective activity induced by PGE(2) on UVC or UVB irradiation-induced cell death was blocked by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 (not SB203580). These results demonstrated that inflammatory molecules NO and PGE(2) were potent inducers of HO-1 gene, and protected cells from UV-irradiation-induced cell death through HO-1 induction.
The Language Demographics of Amazon Mechanical Turk (2014)

We present a large scale study of the languages spoken by bilingual workers on Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We establish a methodology for determining the language skills of anonymous crowd workers that is more robust than simple surveying. We validate workers’ self-reported language skill claims by measuring their ability to correctly translate words, and by geolocating workers to see if they reside in countries where the languages are likely to be spoken. Rather than posting a one-off survey, we posted paid tasks consisting of 1,000 assignments to translate a total of 10,000 words in each of 100 languages. Our study ran for several months, and was highly visible on the MTurk crowdsourcing platform, increasing the chances that bilingual workers would complete it. Our study was useful both to create bilingual dictionaries and to act as census of the bilingual speakers on MTurk. We use this data to recommend languages with the largest speaker populations as good candidates for other researchers who want to develop crowdsourced, multilingual technologies. To further demonstrate the value of creating data via crowdsourcing, we hire workers to create bilingual parallel corpora in six Indian languages, and use them to train statistical machine translation systems.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells enhances inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression (1999)

The induction kinetics of the mRNA of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and proinflammatory cytokines in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected human type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) were analyzed semiquantitatively by RT-PCR. RSV enhanced IRF-1 and iNOS mRNA expression as early as 4 h after RSV infection and this enhancement lasted several hours. No IFN-gamma gene expression was observed during the whole course of the infection. Expression of IFN-beta, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha genes was observed slightly at 4 h and became marked 7 h after infection. Addition of neutralizing antibodies to these cytokines to the culture had no effect on the induction of iNOS mRNA. The iNOS transcriptional activity in RSV-infected cells was significantly enhanced by an exogenous cytokine mixture (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma). An apparent nitric oxide (NO) production was identified only when cytokines were added together with RSV infection. A significant increase of iNOS gene expression was observed in nasopharyngeal exudate cells obtained from infants during the acute phase of RSV bronchiolitis. These observations suggest that RSV infection of human respiratory epithelial cells induces the iNOS gene both in vitro and in vivo; this induction may occur rather promptly and involves transcriptional activator IRF-1 induced by the RSV infection itself. The iNOS gene, which is initially induced by RSV infection, may be further enhanced in a paracrine fashion by proinflammatory cytokines released by infection-activated inflammatory cells.
Linear-time binary codes correcting localized erasures (1999)

We consider a communication model over a binary channel in which the transmitter knows which bits of the n-bit transmission are prone to loss in the channel. We call this model channel with localized erasures in analogy with localized errors studied earlier in the literature. We present two constructions of binary codes with t(1+/spl epsiv/) check bits, where t=/spl alpha/n is the maximal possible number of erasures. One construction is on-line and has encoding complexity of order n//spl epsiv//sup 4/ and decoding complexity of order n//spl epsiv//sup 2/. The other construction is recursive. The encoding/decoding algorithms assume a delay of n bits i.e. rely on the entire codeword. The encoding/decoding complexity behaves roughly as n//spl epsiv//sup 2/ and n//spl epsiv/, respectively.
Recommender System Based on Consumer Product Reviews (2006)

Consumer reviews, opinions and shared experiences in the use of a product is a powerful source of information about consumer preferences that can be used in recommender systems. Despite the importance and value of such information, there is no comprehensive mechanism that formalizes the opinions selection and retrieval process and the utilization of retrieved opinions due to the difficulty of extracting information from text data. In this paper, a new recommender system that is built on consumer product reviews is proposed. A prioritizing mechanism is developed for the system. The proposed approach is illustrated using the case study of a recommender system for digital cameras
STUDIES IN HUMAN PENICILLIN ALLERGY: A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS PENICILLOYL-POLYLYSINES. (1963)

Abstract A method for preparation of penicilloyl-polylysines by reaction of penicillin with polylysine at alkaline pH is described. The product is virtually free of penamaldate and penicillenate substituents, groups which are present when penicilloyl-polylysine is prepared from penicillenic acid. Penicilloyl-polylysines have been prepared from allylthiomethylpenicillin, methicillin, and phenethicillin as well as from bezylpenicillin. The penicilloyl-polylysines described above have been compared with respect to their ability to evoke cutaneous wheal-and-erythema responses in humans with penicillin allergy. Benzylpenicilloyl-polylysines prepared from penicillin and penicillenic acid are generally equivalent as elicitors of cutaneous responses. This indicates that the penicilloyl group is primarily responsible for allergic responses induced by penicilloyl-polylysines which also contain penamaldate and penicillenate substituents. In patients with benzylpenicillin allergy, there was a greater average cutaneous reactivity of benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine than of polylysines prepared from methicillin, phenethicillin, and allylthiomethylpenicillin. This finding suggests that the benzyl side-chain contributes to the antigen-antibody interaction. Steric hindrance by the side chains may also play a role in the lesser reactivity of penicilloyl-polylysines containing side groups other than benzyl.
The promise of plastics from plants (2017)

Plant-derived feedstocks are increasingly competitive in plastics production
Cytotoxic evaluation of doxorubicin in combination with simvastatin against human cancer cells. (2010)

Doxorubicin is a broad spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of cancers. Its dose dependent cardiotoxicity is the most serious side effect causing withdrawal of drug from hard chemotherapeutic regimen. Statins are shown to be cytotoxic in concentrations higher than the effective doses for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia (40 mg/day). Co-administration of statins and chemotherapeutic agents suppose to be synergic although there are some controversies in the literature. In this study, cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin alone and in combination with simvastatin on Hela tumor cell line were evaluated. Different concentration of doxorubicin and simvastatin were added to the cultured cells and incubated for 72 h. Cell survival was evaluated using MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. The results indicated that simvastatin in low concentration (0.25 μM) seems to be growth stimulator although cell viability was reduced in concentrations of ≥2 μM. Doxorubicin alone at all tested concentrations (0.1, 1 and 2 μM) was a cell growth inhibitor. It was also shown that percent cell viability was reduced in a decreasing manner with the following protocols: 1) co-administration of doxorubicin and simvastatin in different concentrations; 2) addition of simvastatin after incubation of cells with doxorubicin and 3) addition of doxorubicin after incubation of cells with simvastatin. It could be concluded that between 3 tested protocols combination of doxorubicin and simvastatin after 72 h incubation, showed the highest cytotoxicity against Hela cells.
Genetic improvement in code interpreters and compilers (2017)

Modern compilers provide code optimizations before and during run-time, thus moving required domain knowledge about the compilation process away from the developer and speeding up resulting software. These optimizations are often based on formal proof, or alternatively have recovery paths as backup. Genetic improvement (GI), a field of science utilizing genetic programming, a stochastic optimization technique, has been previously utilized to fix bugs in software and improve non-functional software requirements.
IoT interoperability for actuating applications through standardised M2M communications (2016)

Smartphones, with vast connectivity and sensing capabilities, are the natural choice to serve as gateways for physiologic sensors and body area networks. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) middleware standards are driving the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) applications by providing autonomic interoperability. However, standards remain opaque and difficult to interpret, throttling implementation. In this work, we report the design and development of an ETSI M2M Gateway (GW) on a mobile device, instantiated in a smartphone. We describe our reasoning in interpreting the standard for the varied implementation challenges faced. Further, we develop libraries to ease the deployment of IoT applications using the ETSI M2M ecosystem with reduced development costs. Finally, we validated the implementation with a mobile e-health pilot with 10 participants during 3 weeks.
Booting Linux Really Fast (2006)

Diese Arbeit untersucht die Dauer von Bootvorgängen auf Linux-Systemen vom Einschalten des Rechners bis zur Benutzeranmeldung. Zeitintensive Abschnitte des Bootvorganges werden untersucht und Methoden zur Beschleunigung diskutiert. Dies beinhaltet eine Analyse verschiedener BIOS Versionen, der Kernel-Initialisierung und unterschiedliche Ansätze, Dienste zu starten. Es werden Startvorgänge eines gewöhnlichen Desktop-Systems mit einem eingebetteten VIA EPIA-ML-6000EA Mini-ITX System verglichen.