gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Follicular miniaturization in female pattern hair loss: clinicopathological correlations (2006)

Our results show that there is an increase in vellus follicle numbers with increasing severity of hair loss in women with FPHL, suggesting that terminal follicles do indeed miniaturize. It is possible that there is also an increase in the number of follicles in a latent stage of telogen but this was difficult to assess from our data. The fall in total follicle counts with stabilizing of the terminal/vellus ratio in severe hair loss suggests that miniaturization does not stop with a vellus follicle but progresses to follicular deletion.
Threshold CID Investigation of Isomeric Cu(I) Azabox Complexes (2007)

An improved method for deconvoluting energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation cross sections yields ligand binding energies for organometallic complexes with substantially less prior information than before. Application to isomeric 2:1 complexes of azabox ligands with Cu(I) gives consistent results for the binding energies of the ligands to homo- and heterochiral complexes with pseudo-enantiomeric ligands for cases where previous deconvolution methods had failed to give satisfactory results.
Changes Induced in the Properties of Wool by Specific Epicuticle Modification (1985)

The treatment of wool under anhydrous (non‐swelling) conditions with potassium tert‐butoxide dissolved in tert‐butanol was studied. The aim was to confine reaction with the alkaline reagent to the outer surface of the fibre, thus preventing whole‐fibre degradation. It appears that the a/koxide specifically reacts with, or cleans, the extreme exterior of the epicuticle membrane, removing lipid material but leaving the chemically inert epicuticle intact. The treatment increases inter‐fibre and inter‐yarn friction, tensile strength and wettability. The absence of whole‐fibre degradation is shown by the unchanged dye uptake and abrasion resistance. The apparent specificity of the reaction has led us to propose that a distinctive, bound, fatty layer, tentatively called the ‘F‐layer’, is involved in the mechanism. The polar surface generated by the treatment results in improvements in several properties, such as shrink resistance, printabi/ity and electrical conductivity, and an increase in the effectiveness of shrinkproofing polymers.
Phosphorylation of Alcohols with <i>N</i>-Phosphoryl Oxazolidinones Employing Copper(II) Triflate Catalysis (2005)

[reaction: see text]. Phosphoryl transfer from N-phosphoryl 5,5-diphenyl oxazolidinone is efficiently catalyzed by copper(II) triflate. The utility of this method has been demonstrated in the phosphorylation of representative primary, secondary, tertiary, phenolic, and allylic alcohols. These reaction conditions are significantly milder than employing alkoxides and allow the phosphorylation of biologically relevant molecules.
Concept versioning: a methodology for tracking evolutionary concept drift in dynamic concept systems (1994)

. Technical domains are affected by continuous change as a reflection of technological progress. Correspondingly, concept descriptions of terminological knowledge bases for such domains must be adjusted to these dynamics. In this paper we propose a concept versioning methodology which accounts for the evolutionary adaptation of already established concepts according to the gradual shaping of new standards. The approach is based on the provision of qualitative progress models for the given domain, measures for the prediction and evaluation of the significance of progress, and a representation and update scheme for concept version management. 1 INTRODUCTION Technical domains, such as information, hi-fi, or automobile technology, share a common feature, namely that their underlying concept systems undergo continuous change. These dynamics are exhibited either by the substantial augmentation of concept systems in terms of concept innovations (mirroring the introduction of new products, t...
Rigid Macrocyclic Triamides as Anion Receptors:  Anion-Dependent Binding Stoichiometries and <sup>1</sup>H Chemical Shift Changes (2003)

The cyclic triamide of 3'-amino-3-biphenylcarboxlic acid is readily synthesized in a stepwise manner and represents a novel class of anion receptors with a large central cavity. This macrocycle binds more strongly to tetrahedral anions than spherical or planar anions in organic solvents. The binding stoichiometries for anions with symmetrical charge distribution depend on the solvent polarity, while tetrahedral p-tosylate binds to the macrocycle with 1:1 stoichiometry in all solvents studied. The (1)H NMR chemical shift changes of the protons lining the interior of the macrocycle's central cavity also depend on the geometry of the bound anion. The importance of the convergent array of hydrogen bond donors for anion binding by the macrocycle was confirmed by control studies with an acyclic triamide and a macrocycle with intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
Fascins, and their roles in cell structure and function (2002)

The fascins are a structurally unique and evolutionarily conserved group of actin cross-linking proteins. Fascins function in the organisation of two major forms of actin-based structures: dynamic, cortical cell protrusions and cytoplasmic microfilament bundles. The cortical structures, which include filopodia, spikes, lamellipodial ribs, oocyte microvilli and the dendrites of dendritic cells, have roles in cell-matrix adhesion, cell interactions and cell migration, whereas the cytoplasmic actin bundles appear to participate in cell architecture. We discuss the current understanding of the cellular mechanisms that regulate the binding of fascin to actin and how these processes contribute to the organisation or disassembly of cell protrusions. Although the in vivo roles of fascin have been studied principally in Drosophila, several human diseases are associated with inherited or acquired alterations in the expression of fascins. Strategies to modulate fascin-containing protrusions and thereby cell adhesive and migratory behaviour could have potential for therapeutic intervention in these conditions. The supplementary material referred to in this section can be found at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0265-9247/suppmat/2002/v24.350.html
Garment-integrated wetness sensing for leak detection (2017)

Detecting fluid emissions (e.g. urination or leaks) that extend beyond containment systems (e.g. diapers or adult pads) is a cause of concern for users and developers of wearable fluid containment products. Immediate, automated detection would allow users to address the situation quickly, preventing medical conditions such as adverse skin effects and avoiding embarrassment. For product development, fluid emission detection systems would enable more accurate and efficient lab and field evaluation of absorbent products. This paper describes the development of a textile-based fluid-detection sensing method that uses a multi-layer "keypad matrix" sensing paradigm using stitched conductive threads. Bench characterization tests determined the effects of sensor spacing, spacer fabric property, and contact pressures on wetness detection for a 5mL minimum benchmark fluid volume. The sensing method and bench-determined requirements were then applied in a close-fitting torso garment for babies that fastens at the crotch (onesie) that is able to detect diaper leakage events. Mannequin testing of the resulting garment confirmed the ability of using wetness sensing timing to infer location of induced 5 mL leaks.
Ultra-Low-Energy Sub-Threshold Circuits: Program Overview (2007)

In this DARPA program, we have developed a robust design methodology to scale power supply voltages to levels as low as 250mV, reducing the energy dissipation of digital computation by an order of magnitude. We have demonstrated both logic (standard cells) and memory. We have explored the use of parallelism to maintain performance at reduced power supply voltages. This concept was demonstrated with a UWB baseband processor. We have developed a DC-DC converter to efficiently deliver sub-threshold voltage and minimize the power dissipation of an arbitrary digital circuit. We have demonstrated 9 test chips in state-of-the-art 65nm, 90nm and 0.18 micrometers CMOS technologies. All test chips were fabricated for free (primarily by TI).
Topical Applications and the Mucosa (2011)

Mucosal membranes have unique anatomical and physiological properties -- differing from those of the keratinized epithelium -- which affect drug or chemical absorption. This makes the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the mucosa a challenge to dermatologists as well as gynecologists, since many conditions are difficult to recognize and well-es
Ectodomain Shedding of Preadipocyte Factor 1 (Pref-1) by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Converting Enzyme (TACE) and Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation (2006)

Preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), an epidermal growth factor repeat containing transmembrane protein found in the preadipocytes, inhibits adipocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we examined the processing of membrane form of Pref-1A to release the 50-kDa soluble form that inhibits adipocyte differentiation. The ectodomain cleavage of Pref-1 is markedly enhanced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The basal and stimulated cleavage is inhibited by the broad metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001, a fact that suggests that cleavage of membrane Pref-1A is dependent on a metalloproteinase. Next, we showed that release of soluble Pref-1A is inhibited by TAPI-0 and by a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, TIMP-3, that can inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE), but not by TIMP-1 or TIMP-2. On the other hand, overexpression of TACE increases Pref-1 cleavage to produce the 50-kDa soluble form. Furthermore, this cleavage was not detected in cells with TACE mutation or with TACE small interfering RNA. TACE-mediated shedding of Pref-1 ectodomain inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and in Pref-1-null mouse embryo fibroblasts transduced with Pref-1A. Identification of TACE as the major protease responsible for conversion of membrane-bound Pref-1 to the biologically active diffusible form provides a new insight into Pref-1 function in adipocyte differentiation.
Ozone induction of cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) and nuclear factor‐κb in rat lung: inhibition by corticosteroids (1996)

We determined in rat lung whether ozone exposure was associated with the expression of the chemokine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), and of the transcription factor, NF-kappa B. CINC mRNA expression peaked at 2 h after cessation of ozone exposure, and returned to basal levels by 24 h. DNA-binding activity of NF-kappa B showed a marked increase after ozone, maximal at 2 h. Dexamethasone inhibited CINC mRNA and NF-kappa B expression, together with neutrophilic inflammation. Our data supports the concept that ozone leads to NF-kappa B activation which increases CINC mRNA expression. These series of events could lead to neutrophilic inflammation.
Flash-Photolysis of Fully Reduced and Mixed-Valence CO-Bound <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> Cytochrome <i>c</i> Oxidase:  Heme Spectral Shifts (2007)

Conformational changes, internal electron transfer, and CO rebinding processes in cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides reduced to different degrees were investigated. The reactions were followed using a gated optical spectrometric multichannel analyzer. Light-induced difference spectra, recorded in the 350-700 nm region over the 100 ns to 1 s time interval, were analyzed by singular value decomposition and global exponential fitting. The photolyzed fully reduced enzyme showed two relaxations, approximately 1 and 190 mus, prior to the 20 ms CO rebinding process. Intramolecular electron transfer was monitored following photolysis of the mixed-valence CO-bound enzyme. The analysis revealed 1.1 micros, 2.4 micros, 31 micros, 68 ms, and 240 ms apparent lifetimes, the first three of which are attributed to electron transfer from heme a3 to heme a with contribution from a relaxation process at the heme a3 site. Spectral changes associated with the microsecond processes are consistent with 75% electron transfer from heme a3 to heme a. A comparison of the experimental spectra and model difference spectra for the intramolecular electron transfer indicated approximately 3 nm blue shift in the absolute spectra of both the oxidized heme a3 and reduced heme a generated in the process. The 68 and 240 ms lifetimes are due to CO recombination to heme a3 and are attributed to the presence of two conformers, the slower rate corresponding to the conformer in higher abundance. The dependency of the apparent rate of CO rebinding on the intensity of the probe beam in single-wavelength experiments is explained.
Impedimetric DNA Biosensor Based on a Nanoporous Alumina Membrane for the Detection of the Specific Oligonucleotide Sequence of Dengue Virus (2013)

A novel and integrated membrane sensing platform for DNA detection is developed based on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. Platinum electrodes (~50-100 nm thick) are coated directly on both sides of the alumina membrane to eliminate the solution resistance outside the nanopores. The electrochemical impedance technique is employed to monitor the impedance changes within the nanopores upon DNA binding. Pore resistance (Rp) linearly increases in response towards the increasing concentration of the target DNA in the range of 1 × 10⁻¹² to 1 × 10⁻⁶ M. Moreover, the biosensor selectively differentiates the complementary sequence from single base mismatched (MM-1) strands and non-complementary strands. This study reveals a simple, selective and sensitive method to fabricate a label-free DNA biosensor.
Biochemical and Structural Evidence for Pig Myocardium Adherens Junction Disruption by Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2001)

Background Given that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with edema and heart dysfunction and that adherens junctions may regulate vascular permeability barrier integrity and cardiomyocyte function, we investigated adherens junction protein steady-state levels in a pig model of CPB. Methods and Results Pigs were subjected to normothermic CPB for 90 minutes, followed by post-CPB perfusion for 90 minutes. Atrial and ventricular myocardium tissue samples were harvested before institution of bypass (basal levels) and at the end of post-CPB perfusion. Adherens junctions were analyzed by either total lysate or cadherin immunoprecipitates that were immunoblotted for pan-cadherin, VE-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin. Adherens junction solubility was addressed with Triton X-100 extraction. Frozen tissue sections were labeled with the same antibodies, and adherens junctions were visualized by confocal microscopy. Immunoblotting of total lysates revealed an increase in smaller-molecular-weight fragments of VE-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ -catenin after post-CPB perfusion, indicating partial protein degradation. Smaller-molecular-weight fragments recognized by VE-cadherin and β-catenin antibodies were also obtained from VE-cadherin immunoprecipitation, indicating degradation of endothelial cell adherens junctions. A prominent increase in adherens junction complex solubility was observed in post-CPB perfusion samples. Confocal microscopy of hearts obtained before CPB showed a continuous, homogeneous pattern of cell-cell labeling that contrasted with an irregular, discontinuous, punctuate, or zigzag pattern observed in post-CPB perfusion samples, corroborating biochemical data. Conclusions These results indicate that CPB is associated with signs of degradation of endothelial and cardiomyocytes adherens junctions, pointing to a molecular mechanism leading to increased vascular permeability and cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
Genistein‐induced upregulation of p21<sup><i>WAF1</i></sup>, downregulation of cyclin B, and induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells (1998)

Increased soy consumption in Asian diets, resulting in increased serum isoflavone levels, has been associated with a decreased risk for prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). The isoflavone genistein is believed to be the anticancer agent found in soy, and significant levels of genistein have been detected in human prostatic fluid, implicating the role of genistein in PCa prevention. Recent studies have demonstrated genistein's ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in several cell lines; however, the molecular mechanisms of genistein's effect are not known. We have evaluated the mechanism by which genistein may inhibit PCa cell growth. Here we report that genistein inhibits PCa cell growth in culture in a dose-dependent manner, which is accompanied by a G2/M cell cycle arrest. Cell growth inhibition was observed with concomitant downregulation of cyclin B, upregulation of the p21WAF1 growth-inhibitory protein, and induction of apoptosis. Collectively, these results provide experimental evidence for a novel effect of genistein on cell cycle gene regulation, resulting in the inhibition of cell growth and ultimate demise of tumor cells.
Ring‐opening polymerization of epoxy end‐terminated poly(ethylene oxide) as a route to highly crosslinked materials with exceptional swelling behavior (II) (2007)

Abstract Highly swellable poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) gels were prepared by anionic ring‐opening polymerization of diepoxy end‐capped PEO (3400 g mol −1 ) and PEO (8000 g mol −1 ) using dianionic glycerol and glycolic acid initiators at scales of up to 50 g diepoxide. The glycerol‐derived materials swell to almost 20 times their mass in water. The driving force for rapid swelling appears to arise during ‘crystallization’, as segments between crosslinks are forced to pack under conditions that create high‐energy domains within the material. Solvation and therefore swelling are driven by the release of the resulting packing energy. These observations may offer insight into methods for designing other highly swellable materials. When the polyfunctional initiators have groups with different reactivities (e.g. alkoxide versus carboxylate), as might be expected, the more nucleophilic functional group appears to dominate the ring‐opening polymerization process. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
On the analysis and design of the frequency selective surface for the N-Star satellite Ku/S-shaped reflector (2002)

The N-Star satellite Ku/S antenna system consists of the main shaped reflector, frequency selective subreflector FSS, the S-band helices, and the Ku-band corrugated feed horn. The Ku/S subreflector consists of a planar frequency selective surface which is transmissive at the S-band, and reflective at the Ku-band. The analysis and design procedure, as well as the performance of the frequency selective subreflector, are presented.
Symbiosis of a termite and a sclerotium‐forming fungus: Sclerotia mimic termite eggs (2000)

Brown balls, of a similar size but different shape to termite eggs, were found frequently in the piles of eggs of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus . rDNA analysis identified the ball as the sclerotia of the fungus, Fibularhizoctonia sp. nov, which is phylogenetically closest to decay fungi, Athelia spp. Laboratory observation showed that the workers gathered the eggs and the sclerotia indiscriminately, even if they were widely scattered in a Petri dish, and piled them up in a specific place for egg care. We compared the morphology of the eggs with that of sclerotia of Fibularhizoctonia spp. and Athelia spp. in relation to egg carrying behaviour, and found that the workers could only carry the Fibularhizoctonia spp. sclerotia whose diameters were similar to the short diameter of the eggs. We also conducted a bioassay using termite eggs and dummy eggs (glass beads and sea sand) of two diameter‐classes, coated with or without the egg‐derived chemicals. The workers recognized the eggs based on a combination of the size, shape, and chemical cues. All the results suggested that the sclerotia mimic the eggs both morphologically and chemically. Finally, we found that the workers suppressed germination of sclerotia, and termite egg survival increased in the presence of sclerotia only if they were tended by the workers. If the workers were removed experimentally, the sclerotia germinated and grew by exploiting termite eggs. These results suggest that the sclerotia protect termite eggs from putative pathogens.
Physically Based Hybrid Approach in Real Time Surgical Simulation With Force Feedback (2003)

This paper describes a novel hybrid-modeling paradigm for the simulation of surgical tool-soft tissue interactions in real time medical simulations using force feedback. A local point collocation-based method of finite spheres is coupled with a global boundary element technique to capture local features of the interaction (e.g., nonlinearities of the soft tissue) without sacrificing global accuracy. The technique is demonstrated using realistic examples.
Ripples of Gratitude: The Flow-on Effects of Practicing Gratitude in the Classroom Environment (2015)

This research explores God’s call to gratitude, summarizes current research on the benefits of gratitude, identifies key gratitude disciplines/practices, and utilizes a conceptual framework to study gratitude in the context of educational settings. In contribution to the relatively recent discussion on gratitude, especially in the education field, the researchers explored the effects when pre-service teachers practice an inner attitude of gratitude and intentionally express gratitude in the classroom setting. This study expands the current educational research of gratitude by incorporating three primary gratitude practices – the State of Preparedness, gratitude language, and gratitude journaling – and examining both personal benefits and flow-on effect toward the teaching-learning process. Fourteen pre-service elementary school teachers were invited to practice gratitude during nine weeks of their full-time fieldwork placements. Participants experienced personal benefits such as enhanced well-being, strengthened relationships, and heightened cognitive skills. Ripples of gratitude were observed as positive flow-on effects in their classrooms: a more positive and calmer classroom atmosphere, better behaved students, and students more willing to focus effort towards learning. Pre-service teachers also experienced a flow-on effect towards themselves through increased resiliency when facing adversity and greater satisfaction in teaching. These findings are significant for the field of education as the power of gratitude can foster positive transformation through promoting engaged environments and strengthened relationships for both teacher and student.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of shikimate kinase from<i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i> (1997)

Shikimate kinase from Erwinia chrysanthemi, overexpressed in Escherichia coli has been crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method using sodium chloride as a precipitant. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm the purity of the shikimate kinase and dynamic light scattering was used to assess conditions for the monodispersity of the enzyme. The crystals are tetragonal, space group P4(1)2(1)2 or enantiomorph with cell dimensions a = b = 108.5 and c = 92.8 A (at 100 K). Native crystals diffract to better than 2.6 A on a synchrotron X-ray source. The asymmetric unit is likely to contain two molecules, corresponding to a packing density of 3.6 A(3) Da(-1).
<i>Lysobacter capsici</i> AZ78 produces cyclo(<scp>l</scp>-Pro-<scp>l</scp>-Tyr), a 2,5-diketopiperazine with toxic activity against sporangia of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> (2014)

The application of L. capsici AZ78 cells or its own culture filtrates effectively controls both P. infestans and Pl. viticola. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) produced by L. capsici AZ78 is toxic against sporangia of both these oomycetes. These data enforce the potential in the use of Lysobacter members for the control of plant pathogenic oomycetes and provide the basis for the development of new low-impact fungicides based on cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr).