gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Device design considerations for ultra-thin SOI MOSFETs (2003)

The ultra-thin SOI (UTSOI) device is an attractive choice for sub-10 nm gate-length scaling. In this work the major issues for UTSOI are addressed. External resistance is minimized by using the raised extension (REX) process flow which features an offset spacer to minimize the region of UTSOI outside the channel. The REX process scheme is used to demonstrate improved pFET performance and also to demonstrate the first planar single gate nFET with 8 nm gate-length. High temperature mobility measurements show that the channel thickness can be scaled further than previously predicted. UTSOI devices with tungsten gates and HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectrics having appropriate threshold voltages are presented for the first time.
Formation of a novel cobalt-carborane complex involving the C2B6H84- ligand produced by reduction of 1,7-C2B6H8 (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of a novel cobalt-carborane complex involving the C2B6H84- ligand produced by reduction of 1,7-C2B6H8M. Frederick Hawthorne and Gary B. DunksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 24, 7213–7214Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00727a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00727a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Design Methodology for a Biomedical Literature Indexing Tool Using the Rhetoric of Science (2004)

Literature indexing tools provide re-searchers with a means to navigate through the network of scholarly scientific articles in a subject domain. We propose that more effective indexing tools may be designed using the links between articles provided by citations. With the explosion in the amount of sci-entific literature and with the advent of ar-tifacts requiring more sophisticated index-ing, a means to provide more information about the citation relation in order to give more intelligent control to the navigation process is warranted. In order to navigate a citation index in this more sophisticated manner, the citation index must provide not only the citation-link information, but also must indicate the function of the cita-tion. The design methodology of an in-dexing tool for scholarly biomedical lit-erature which uses the rhetorical context surrounding the citation to provide the ci-tation function is presented. In particular, we discuss how the scientific method is re-flected in scientific writing and how this knowledge can be used to decide the pur-pose of a citation. 1
Inhibition of SMG-8, a subunit of SMG-1 kinase, ameliorates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay-exacerbated mutant phenotypes without cytotoxicity (2013)

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an mRNA surveillance mechanism that eliminates aberrant mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs). NMD inhibits the production of aberrant proteins that still retain, at least in part, wild-type function as well as dominant-negative peptides. Therefore, the selective inhibition of NMD has the potential to ameliorate NMD-exacerbated mutant phenotypes. However, we do not have sufficient knowledge of how to effectively suppress NMD with minimum cytotoxic effects. In this study, we aimed to identify NMD-related factors that can be targeted to efficiently inhibit NMD without causing significant cytotoxicity to restore the levels of truncated but partially functional proteins. We evaluated the knockdown of 15 NMD components in Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy fibroblasts, which have a homozygous frameshift mutation causing a PTC in the collagen type VI α 2 gene. Of the 15 NMD factors tested, knockdown of SMG-8 produced the best effect for restoring defective mRNA and protein levels without affecting cell growth, cell-cycle progression, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. The efficacy of SMG-8 knockdown to improve the mutant phenotype was confirmed using another cell line, from a cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy patient who carries a PTC-containing mutation in HtrA serine peptidase 1. Our results suggest that SMG-8 is an appropriate target for inhibiting NMD to improve NMD-exacerbated mutant phenotypes. NMD inhibition by knockdown of SMG-8 may also be useful to induce synergy in combining the use of read-through drugs for patients with nonsense mutation-associated diseases.
N-acetylglucosamine changes permeability of peritoneum during chronic peritoneal dialysis in rats. (1998)

Chronic peritoneal dialysis with dialysis solution supplemented with N-acetylglucosamine causes accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the peritoneal interstitium, which results in a change of peritoneal permeability.
Preparation and Catalytic Applications of Ultrafine WO3 (2003)

The preparation and research progress of WO3 powders,films and mesoporous WO3 recently have been reviewed in the papert he applications of WO3 catalysts have been reported, some helpful opinions on future research directions of WO3 catalysts are put forward also.
To enrich or not to enrich: providing shelter does not complicate handling of laboratory mice. (2004)

Environmental enrichment (EE) is used in laboratory animal housing to provide stimuli exceeding those of barren cages and is intended to improve the welfare of captive animals. It is argued that when laboratory mice can routinely retreat in sheltering objects when humans are present, they do not habituate to humans and continue to shy away, thereby increasing the time needed for husbandry and testing procedures. To this date very limited research has been carried out to determine whether providing EE in the form of shelter interferes with the habituation of mice to humans and thus complicates catching and handling them. We housed 20 FVB (inbred) and 20 NMRI (outbred) male mice in standard cages and another 20 FVB and 20 NMRI male mice in cages enriched with two PVC conduits. When the mice were 10 weeks old, measurements of food and water consumption, weight, latency of catching, and a behavior score in response to handling during a sham subcutaneous injection were performed weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Food and water consumption and weight were influenced by strain, but the presence of EE in the home cage did not affect these parameters as much. Outbred mice ate, drank, and weighed more than did the inbred animals, but they did not significantly gain weight during the course of the 4 testing weeks. Cage enrichment in the form of PVC conduits decreased the time needed to catch outbred animals and did not increase the time needed to catch mice from the inbred strain. Furthermore, no differences in resistance to being held during the sham injection could be detected between animals from the enriched versus non-enriched group. These results indicate that EE in the form of sheltering objects does not complicate catching or handling mice and that allowing access to enrichment in the laboratory cage, which has been shown to have positive effects on welfare, does not interfere with the management or cost of laboratory animals.
Dietrich as I Knew Him (1998)

A note on Dietrich Borchardt from a colleague who worked for him at both Tasmania and La Trobe Universities.
Optical FSK signal detection in a heterodyne system using semiconductor lasers (1982)

A 10−8 bit error rate is achieved for 100 Mbit/s signals in an FSK heterodyne frequency-discrimination detection system, in which AlGaAs double-heterostructure lasers are used as both the FSK transmitter and the local oscillator. Receiving signal power level to achieve a low bit error rate is experimentally obtained, which confirms the principle of optical heterodyne detection. AM quantum noise in the laser local oscillator and FM quantum noise are important factors which determine the system performance.
Periodic FDTD analysis of leaky-wave structures and applications to the analysis of negative-refractive-index leaky-wave antennas (2006)

The determination of the attenuation constants of periodic leaky-wave structures via the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been pursued so far via the simulation of a number of unit cells that is large enough to guarantee the convergence of the computed value. On the other hand, Brillouin diagrams of periodic structures can be readily extracted via the simulation of a single unit cell, terminated in periodic boundary conditions. This paper demonstrates a methodology that enables the concurrent extraction of leaky-wave attenuation constants and Brillouin diagrams of periodic structures, through the FDTD simulation of a unit cell. The proposed methodology is first validated and then employed to model leaky-wave radiation from a two-dimensional negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) medium. Apart from evaluating the characteristics of forward and backward leaky-wave radiation from such a medium, a lumped-element macro-model, with element values determined from the FDTD simulation, is extracted. The FDTD analysis, combined with this equivalent circuit, is used to investigate theoretically the possibility of the NRI-TL medium, as a leaky-wave antenna, to achieve continuous scanning from backward to forward end-fire and broadside radiation.
Memory B cells in the lung participate in protective humoral immune responses to pulmonary influenza virus reinfection (2012)

After pulmonary virus infection, virus-binding B cells ectopically accumulate in the lung. However, their contribution to protective immunity against reinfecting viruses remains unknown. Here, we show the phenotypes and protective functions of virus-binding memory B cells that persist in the lung following pulmonary infection with influenza virus. A fraction of virus-binding B-cell population in the lung expressed surface markers for splenic mature memory B cells (CD73, CD80, and CD273) along with CD69 and CXCR3 that are up-regulated on lung effector/memory T cells. The lung B-cell population with memory phenotype persisted for more than 5 mo after infection, and on reinfection promptly differentiated into plasma cells that produced virus-neutralizing antibodies locally. This production of local IgG and IgA neutralizing antibody was correlated with reduced virus spread in adapted hosts. Our data demonstrates that infected lungs harbor a memory B-cell subset with distinctive phenotype and ability to provide protection against pulmonary virus reinfection.
Extracellular calcium modulates insulin's action on enzymes controlling cyclic AMP metabolism in intact hepatocytes (1993)

Absence of physiological concentrations of extracellular Ca2+ in the Krebs-Henseleit incubation buffer did not affect the ability of 10 nM glucagon (< 5%) to increase hepatocyte intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations, but severely ablated (by approximately 70%) the ability of 10 nM insulin to decrease these elevated concentrations. Cyclic AMP metabolism is determined by production by adenylate cyclase and degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). In the absence of added extracellular Ca2+ (2.5 mM), insulin's ability to activate PDE activity was selectively compromised, showing a failure of insulin to activate two of the three insulin-stimulated activities, namely the 'dense-vesicle' and peripheral plasma-membrane (PPM) PDEs. In the absence of added Ca2+, insulin's ability to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in intact hepatocytes was decreased dramatically. Vasopressin and adrenaline (+ propranolol) failed to elicit the activation of either the 'dense-vesicle' or the PPM-PDEs. The presence of physiological concentrations of extracellular Ca2+ in the incubation medium is shown to be important for the appropriate generation of insulin's actions on cyclic AMP metabolism.
Performance of the human vestibuloocular reflex during locomotion (1989)

1. The stability of gaze was measured in nine normal subjects during 30-s epochs of standing, walking in place, and running in place. The angle of gaze and head rotations in horizontal and vertical planes were measured using the magnetic search coil technique. Subjects visually fixed on a stationary object located at a distance of 100 m; thus measurements of gaze indicated the stability of images on the retina. 2. During standing, walking, or running in place, the standard deviation of the angle of gaze was less than 0.4 degrees, both horizontally and vertically. During standing and walking in place, peak gaze velocity (Gp) was less than 3.0 degrees/s. During running in place, Gp was less than 3.0 degrees/s horizontally but ranged up to 9.3 degrees/s vertically. 3. Visual acuity was measured during standing, walking, and running in place. During walking in place, five of nine subjects showed a small but significant (P = 0.03) decline in visual acuity compared with standing. During running in place, all nine subjects showed a small but significant (P = 0.002) decline in visual acuity compared with standing. 4. Stability of gaze was also measured during vigorous, voluntary head rotations in the horizontal (yaw) or vertical (pitch) planes, for 15-s epochs. Gp ranged as high as 70 degrees/s horizontally and 41 degrees/s vertically. All subjects reported illusory movement of the seen environment during these head rotations. 5. The suitability of linear systems techniques for analysis of the horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) during walking and running in place was assessed using coherence spectral analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel RF to baseband monolithic microwave receiver with on-chip tuning (2002)

A novel single-chip monolithic microwave receiver on silicon with integrated high Q inductors and laser-trimmable capacitors and resistors is presented. All functions, including some elementary mixed signal circuitry, necessary to demodulate a 1.5 GHz signal and convert it to baseband digital data are described.
Performance Of Superconducting-Cavity Maser (1991)

Report describes experiments on operation of superconducting-cavity maser - all-cryogenic oscillator. Operates with degree of stability, at short measuring times, superior to that achievable by any other means. All components designed for cryogenic operation and stabilizing cavity very rigid, consisting of sapphire filling coated with lead.
A double blind study of antrafenine, naproxen and placebo in osteoarthrosis. (1983)

Antrafenine, a new non-narcotic analgesic, has been compared at a dose of 600 mg/day to naproxen 500 mg/day and placebo in a double blind three way cross-over study on 36 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip and/or knee. There was significant improvement with both active drugs. There was no significant difference between the two active drugs. Patients' preference at the end of the study was antrafenine 7, naproxen 10, placebo 2, no preference 9.3 patients withdrew because of concomitant illness; 2 patients withdrew because of lack of efficacy in the placebo period; 3 patients failed to attend clinic. Antrafenine is more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip and/or knee, and at the doses tested, is of comparable potency to naproxen.
Transient analysis of phreatic aquifers lying between two open channels (1977)

The unsteady state flow of water through an unconfined aquifer can be represented by the Boussinesq equation. The nonlinear term involving the highest derivative in this equation was approximated by a linear term, and the resulting approximate Bossinesq equation was linearized to a Fokker‐Planck equation by the method of functional transformation. Solutions to the problem of groundwater flow through phreatic aquifers lying between (1) constant water level boundaries and (2) variable water level boundaries were obtained from the general solution of the Fokker‐Planck equation for constant and variable rates of recharge and withdrawal. Variable rates of recharge and withdrawal were approximated by periodic step functions which represented two different rates, one each for both rainy and dry seasons. Variable water levels in the open channels were approximated by step functions, and the initial condition was represented by straight line segments. An analytical solution of the approximate Boussinesq equation was compared with the finite difference solution of the original Boussinesq equation. The difference between the two solutions was almost negligible, and therefore the applicability of the analytical solutions to groundwater resource management was established. The effect of variable water level boundaries on groundwater dynamics was studied by performing a sample calculation.
Spin-valve structures with NiO pinning layers (1998)

Spin-valves comprised of Co or NiFe magnetic layers and NiO as the antiferromagnetic pinning layer have been prepared by magnetron sputtering. Their structural, magnetic and magnetotransport properties have been characterized. A dramatic enhancement of the coercivity of the magnetic layer adjacent to NiO is observed due to the onset of a very large uniaxial anisotropy. In addition, depending on the conditions of deposition, the hysteresis loop of the pinned layer can be either centered around zero field or shifted as is usually observed for exchange anisotropy. In the latter case, the field characterizing the shift of the loop decreases much faster with increasing temperature than does the coercive field. These samples have good thermal stability up to 250/spl deg/C. Their response at low fields can be made reversible by applying a static biasing field transverse to the field to be measured. A detailed study of minor MR hysteresis loops has been carried out.
MR Imaging in Acute Stroke: Diffusion-weighted and Perfusion Imaging Parameters for Predicting Infarct Size (2002)

Diffusion-weighted imaging helped to predict the size of the lesion on T2-weighted images obtained after about 8 days in patients with a symptom onset of more than 4 hours (r = 0.96), while in patients with a symptom onset of less than 4 hours, perfusion imaging provided important additional information about brain tissue with impaired perfusion.
The <i>Drosophila</i> Gene Disruption Project: Progress Using Transposons With Distinctive Site Specificities (2011)

The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project (GDP) has created a public collection of mutant strains containing single transposon insertions associated with different genes. These strains often disrupt gene function directly, allow production of new alleles, and have many other applications for analyzing gene function. Here we describe the addition of ∼7600 new strains, which were selected from >140,000 additional P or piggyBac element integrations and 12,500 newly generated insertions of the Minos transposon. These additions nearly double the size of the collection and increase the number of tagged genes to at least 9440, approximately two-thirds of all annotated protein-coding genes. We also compare the site specificity of the three major transposons used in the project. All three elements insert only rarely within many Polycomb-regulated regions, a property that may contribute to the origin of "transposon-free regions" (TFRs) in metazoan genomes. Within other genomic regions, Minos transposes essentially at random, whereas P or piggyBac elements display distinctive hotspots and coldspots. P elements, as previously shown, have a strong preference for promoters. In contrast, piggyBac site selectivity suggests that it has evolved to reduce deleterious and increase adaptive changes in host gene expression. The propensity of Minos to integrate broadly makes possible a hybrid finishing strategy for the project that will bring >95% of Drosophila genes under experimental control within their native genomic contexts.
Long-acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapy (2017)

Advances in long-acting antiretroviral therapy (ART) can revolutionize current HIV/AIDS treatments. We coined the term 'long-acting slow effective release ART' (LASER ART) to highlight the required formulation properties of slow drug dissolution, poor water-solubility, bioavailability, little-to-no off-target toxicities and improved regimen adherence. Drug carrier technologies characterized by high antiretroviral drug (ARV) payloads in a single carrier improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. The surface modifications of ARV carriers target monocyte-macrophages and facilitate drug transport across physiological barriers and to virus-susceptible CD4 + T cells. Areas covered: The review highlights developments of reservoir-targeted LASER ART for improved therapeutic outcomes. Such nanoART delivery platforms include decorated multifunctional nano- and micro-particles, prodrugs and polymer conjugates. Therapeutic strategies such as gene-editing technologies boost ART effectiveness. Expert opinion: The persistence of HIV-1 in lymphoid, gut and nervous system reservoirs poses a challenge to viral eradication. Emerging slow-release drug carriers can target intracellular pathogens, activate antiviral immunity, promote genome editing, sustain drug depots and combine therapeutics with image contrast agents, and can meet unmet clinical needs for HIV-infected patients. Such efforts will bring the medicines to reservoir sites and accelerate viral clearance.
Eugenol-Related Attractants for the Northern Corn Root worm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1984)

Journal Article Eugenol-Related Attractants for the Northern Corn Root worm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Get access T. L. Ladd, Jr. T. L. Ladd, Jr. Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 77, Issue 2, 1 April 1984, Pages 339–341, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/77.2.339 Published: 01 April 1984 Article history Received: 06 October 1983 Accepted: 28 November 1983 Published: 01 April 1984
Optical parametric amplification of chirped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">X</mml:mi></mml:math>pulses (2008)

We propose a method for amplification of complex localized ultrashort wave packets ($\mathsf{X}$ pulses or $\mathsf{X}$ waves). We present an analytical derivation and numerical simulations of broadband parametric amplification of chirped $\mathsf{X}$ pulses in a noncentrosymmetric medium with quadratic nonlinearity. Our results suggest that $\mathsf{X}$ pulses with particular spatial and temporal chirps can be efficiently amplified in an optical parametric amplifier and compressed down to a few tens of femtoseconds during free-space propagation.
Synthesis and radical ring‐opening polymerization of spiro <i>o</i>‐carbonates (1975)

Abstract Syntheses and radical ring‐opening polymerization of spiro o ‐carbonates(I‐IV) were investigated. magnified image These polymers were yellow powders and soluble in common organic solvents. The infrared and NMR spectra indicated that the polymers were alternate copolymers of either and carbonate containing double bonds. The polymerization mechanism is discussed.