gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-polymer composites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications (2016)

Electromagnetic properties of materials are an important topic due to their commercial, military, communication and environmental protection applications [1–14]. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects occur due to the emitted EM radiation by electric and/or electronic devices. EMI may affect the devices causing malfunction or fail, which might have very serious consequences, e.g. for medical equipment, aeronautics and cars. Polymer composites with metallic fillers are the subject of increasing interest as potential materials which may effectively shield the electromagnetic field. Polymer composites filled with metal particles are advantageous because they are characterized by low specific weight, high corrosion resistance, plasticity and simple, low cost processing methods. Wide variety of modification of polymer composites (in terms of selection of matrix polymer, type of filler and its structure and content), gives possibility to control their electromagnetic properties depending on particular application. That is why polymer composites with metal fillers are still one of the most important materials to be considered for EMI shielding application. Current review covers theoretical bases and discusses selected experimental results concerning important polymer composites EMI shields developments. Polymer composites EMI shields is a multidisciplinary subject and current review should be useful for the specialist from different areas of research and technology.
Ectopic expression of a bacterial lacZ gene in the limbic system of transgenic mice (1995)

In three independent lines of transgenic mice, a 3.6 kb 5'-flanking sequence of the uroplakin II gene consistently drives the ectopic expression of a bacterial lacZ reporter gene in brain, in addition to its specific expression in the suprabasal layers of the urothelium. The ectopic expression in brain is especially noteworthy insofar as it is confined to structures comprising the limbic system. These findings provide additional evidence that the cells forming such functional systems share specific biochemical properties, and also indicate that this promoter may be useful as a tool for studying the effects of overexpression of proteins in anatomically and functionally defined central nervous system pathways.
Synthesis and in Vitro Biological Evaluation of Carbonyl Group-Containing Analogues for σ<sub>1</sub>Receptors (2011)

To identify the ligands for σ(1) receptors that are potent and selective, analogues of prezamicol and trozamicol scaffolds of carbonyl-containing vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) inhibitors were explored. Of the 23 analogues synthesized and tested, 5 displayed very high affinity for σ(1) (K(i) = 0.48-4.05 nM) and high selectivity for σ(1) relative to σ(2) receptors (σ(1)/σ(2) selectivity of >749-fold). Four of the five compounds (14a, 14b, 14c, and 14e) showed very low affinity for VAChT (K(i) > 290 nM), and the fifth compound (14g) showed moderate affinity for VAChT (K(i) = 44.2 nM). The compound [1'-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3'-hydroxy[1,4']bipiperidinyl-4-yl]-(4-fluorophenyl)methanone (14a) displayed very high affinity and selectivity for σ(1) receptor (K(i) = 0.48 nM, σ(1)/σ(2) > 3600). All four of these most promising compounds (14a, 14b, 14c, and 14e) can be radiosynthesized with fluorine-18 or carbon-11, which will allow further evaluation of their properties as PET probes for imaging σ(1) receptor in vivo.
A successful surgical treatment for persistent right aortic arch and esophageal diverticulum in a dog. (1990)

A 3-month-old female mongrel dog weighing 0.8 kg was admitted with vomitting and dyspnea post cibum. Physical examination, thoracic radiography and barium sulfate contrast radiography revealed persistent right aortic arch with a esophageal diverticulum. The dog was maintained under feeding of small amounts of liquid diet for 20 days, followed by thoracotomy under general anesthesia. The ligamentum arteriosum was dissected free from the esophagus between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Then surgical removal of the esophgeal diverticulum was performed. After the operation, the dog showed no regurgitation even by giving solid food and the esophagram at 131 days after the surgery revealed that the portion of resection was in a normal condition.
Resource evaluation and site selection for microalgae production systems (1985)

Climate, land, and water resource requirements of microalgae production systems (MPS) were examined relative to construction costs, operating costs, and biomass productivity. The objective was the stratification of the southwestern United States into zones of relative suitability for MPS. Maps of climate (insolation, freeze-free period, precipitation, evaporation, thunderstorm days), land (use/cover, ownership, slope), and water (saline groundwater) resource parameters were obtained. These maps were transformed into digital overlays permitting the cell-by-cell compositing of selected resource parameters to form maps representing relative productivity, make-up water, climate suitability, land suitability, water suitability, and overall suitability. The Southwest was selected for this study because of its high levels of insolation, saline water resources, and large areas of relatively low valued land. The stratification maps cannot be used for the selection of specific sites because of their low resolution (12,455-acre cells). They can be used to guide future resource studies and site selection efforts, however, by limiting these efforts to the most suitable regions. Future efforts should concentrate on saline water resources, for which only limited data are currently available. 13 refs., 44 figs., 5 tabs.
Hyaluronic acid in the rabbit cornea after excimer laser superficial keratectomy. (1992)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is not normally found in the corneal stroma. Rabbit corneas were examined for the presence of stromal HA after excimer laser treatment. One eye in each of 28 rabbits received a 60 microns deep superficial keratectomy with the excimer laser. After 1, 8, 21, and 60 days, the corneas were analyzed by quantitative and histochemical methods specific for HA. A statistically significant increase in the HA concentration compared to the baseline amount in the untreated fellow eye was seen at 8, 21, and 60 days. HA was visualized histochemically in the anterior stroma of the excimer-treated eyes at all times tested. The presence of HA after excimer surgery may influence the hydration, thickness, and transparency of the cornea. The reactive production of HA in the stroma may represent a nonspecific corneal tissue response to injury.
Performance evaluation of an Inveon PET preclinical scanner (2008)

1701 Objectives: To evaluate the performance of an Inveon (Siemens Medical Solutions) preclinical PET scanner. Methods: Spatial resolution was measured with a glass capillary tube (ID=0.14 mm, 0.21 mm wall thickness) filled with F-18 solution. Transaxial resolution was measured with the source placed parallel to the axis of the scanner. For axial resolution the tube was placed perpendicular to the axis of the scanner. The data were collected as a function of the position of the source as it was moved towards the edge of the FOV. The acquisition time at each source position was 60 s. Images were reconstructed using filtered backprojection. Both FWHM and FWTM of the count profiles were computed. The noise equivalent count rates (NECR) and the system scatter fraction (SF) were estimated using rat-like and mouse-like cylindrical phantoms (D=60 and 30 mm, L=150 mm). Lines sources filled with F-18 (269 MBq, 99 MBq) were inserted parallel to the axes of the phantoms (13.5 and 6.5 mm offset). List-mode data were collected over 24 hours at 350-650 KeV energy window and 3.4 ns coincidence window. SF was measured when the random event rates were below 1%. Results: The radial, tangential and axial resolution (FWHM) at the the center of field of view (CFOV) were 1.46 mm, 1.49 and 1.16 mm, respectively. At a radial offset of 2 cm the FWHM values were 1.73, 2.20 and 1.54 mm, respectively. The peak NECR for the rat-like phantom was reached at 113 MBq. The peak NECR for the mouse-like phantom could not be reached because the initial activity was too low. The system SF values were 0.21 for the rat phantom and 0.11 for the mouse phantom. Conclusions: We have partially characterized the Inveon PET scanner. The resolution and SF values were comparable to those of previous microPET scanners. Research Support: NIH NCRR S10RR019269-01A2
Process Flow Simulation and Manufacture of Variable RF MEMS Capacitors (2005)

Page 4 August 2005 August 2005 Page 5 The Simulation Standard Introduction The application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to radio-frequency (RF)/microwave systems is on the verge of revolutionizing wireless communications, mainly in the areas of wireless personal communication systems, wireless local area networks, satellite communications, and automotive electronics [1]. In this article we present a brief introduction to the design and fabrication effort at the Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, which is focused on variable RF capacitor MEMS structures. Silvaco 2D/3D process simulation was used to simulate the process fl ow and reproduce the obtained structures as a fi rst step to future process fl ow and structure designs. Process Flow Simulation and Manufacture of Variable RF MEMS Capacitors
Generation of an effective anti‐tumor immunity after immunization with xenogeneic antigens (2002)

Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms are expected to hamper the generation of effective immunity against tumors. To break self tolerance against malignant gliomas, we assessed the therapeutic potential of self/foreign antigen cross-reactivity in an immunocompetent rat glioma model. Immunotherapy of tumors using xenogeneic human glioma membrane proteins (HGP) as a vaccine inhibited tumor growth, whereas no significant effect was obtained with rat glioma membrane proteins (RGP). In contrast to RGP, HGP elicited a specific IgG immune response that cross-reacted with RGP. This immune response was found to be mainly a Th1 type response. On tumor sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, glioma cells are sparse and apoptotic in HGP-immunized rats, whereas control tumors showed condensed and viable cells. Tumor-specific CTL were induced in HGP-immunized rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that a significant number of CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells infiltrated into tumors from HGP-vaccinated rats, whereas RGP vaccination led to only few tumor-infiltrating T cells. Taken together, the data establish the in vivo applicability of the cross-stimulation between self and foreign antigens as an alternative way to break tolerance against the poorly immunogenic gliomas.
Defect Detection from 3D Ultrasonic Measurements Using Matrix-free Sparse Recovery Algorithms (2018)

In this paper, we propose an efficient matrix-free algorithm to reconstruct locations and size of flaws in a specimen from volumetric ultrasound data by means of a native 3D Sparse Signal Recovery scheme using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). The efficiency of the proposed approach is achieved in two ways. First, we formulate the dictionary matrix as a block multilevel Toeplitz matrix to minimize redundancy and thus memory consumption. Second, we exploit this specific structure in the dictionary to speed up the correlation step in OMP, which is implemented matrix-free. We compare our method to state-of-the-art, namely 3D Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique, and show that it delivers a visually comparable performance, while it gains the additional freedom to use further methods such as Compressed Sensing.
The structure and mode of action of different botulinum toxins (2006)

The seven serotypes (A-G) of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) are proteins produced by Clostridium botulinum and have multifunctional abilities: (i) they target cholinergic nerve endings via binding to ecto-acceptors (ii) they undergo endocytosis/translocation and (iii) their light chains act intraneuronally to block acetylcholine release. The fundamental process of quantal transmitter release occurs by Ca2+-regulated exocytosis involving sensitive factor attachment protein-25 (SNAP-25), syntaxin and synaptobrevin. Proteolytic cleavage by BoNT-A of nine amino acids from the C-terminal of SNAP-25 disables its function, causing prolonged muscle weakness. This unique combination of activities underlies the effectiveness of BoNT-A haemagglutinin complex in treating human conditions resulting from hyperactivity at peripheral cholinergic nerve endings. In vivo imaging and immunomicroscopy of murine muscles injected with type A toxin revealed that the extended duration of action results from the longevity of its protease, persistence of the cleaved SNAP-25 and a protracted time course for the remodelling of treated nerve-muscle synapses. In addition, an application in pain management has been indicated by the ability of BoNT to inhibit neuropeptide release from nociceptors, thereby blocking central and peripheral pain sensitization processes. The widespread cellular distribution of SNAP-25 and the diversity of the toxin's neuronal acceptors are being exploited for other therapeutic applications.
Fast and high-performance template matching method (2011)

This paper proposes a new template matching method that is robust to outliers and fast enough for real-time operation. The template and image are densely transformed in binary code form by projecting and quantizing histograms of oriented gradients. The binary codes are matched by a generic method of robust similarity applicable to additive match measures, such as L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> - and Hamming distances. The robust similarity map is computed efficiently via a proposed Inverted Location Index structure that stores pixel locations indexed by their values. The method is experimentally justified in large image patch datasets. Challenging applications, such as intra-category object detection, object tracking, and multimodal image matching are demonstrated.
Dopamine Transporter Ligand Binding Domains (1996)

Dopamine transporters (DATs) are members of the Na+- and Cl--dependent neurotransmitter and amino acid transporter family predicted by hydrophobicity analysis to have 12 transmembrane-spanning helices. The structure of DAT was studied using the photoaffinity compounds [125I]1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)-ethyl]-4-[2-(4-azido-3-iodophenyl) ethyl] piperazine ([125I]DEEP), a 1-(2-diphenylmethoxy)-ethyl-4-(3-phenyl propyl)piperazine (GBR analog), and [125I]-3beta-(p-chlorophenyl)tropane-2beta-carboxylic acid, 4'-azido-3'-iodophenylethyl ester ([125I]RTI 82), a cocaine analog, which had been shown in a previous study to become incorporated into different regions of the DAT primary sequence. The proximity of the photolabeled binding sites to integral membrane structures was investigated by subjecting photolabeled membrane suspensions to limited proteolysis with trypsin and separately analyzing the resulting membranes and supernatants for the presence of photolabeled DAT fragments. Trypsin treatment of [125I] DEEP-labeled membranes generated labeled 45- and 14-kDa DAT fragments that immunoprecipitated with an epitope-specific antiserum generated against amino acids 42-59 near the first putative transmembrane domain, whereas [125I]RTI 82 was found in 32- and 16-kDa tryptic fragments that precipitated with an antiserum directed against a sequence near transmembrane domain 4 (amino acids 225-238). All of the photolabeled fragments were recovered in the protease-treated membranes, indicating that they possess integral membrane structures that prevent their release from the membrane as soluble forms. The size of the two smallest fragments in conjunction with their retention in the membrane suggests that incorporation of the photoaffinity ligands occurs in or near membrane spanning regions and delineates the maximum possible distance between the transmembrane structures, incorporated photolabel, and antibody epitopes. Carbohydrate analysis of the fragments identified sialic acids and N-linked oligosaccharides exclusively on the 45-kDa [125I]DEEP-labeled fragment, which, based on size, would be expected to contain four consensus glycosylation sites between putative transmembrane domains 3 and 4. Photoaffinity labeling after trypsin treatment of membranes showed that the larger but not the smaller fragments retain binding capacity, as the 45- and 32-kDa fragments were capable of becoming photolabeled. Binding of photoaffinity ligands at these fragments was displaced with the same pharmacology as that of intact DATs. These results verify numerous aspects of DAT structure and topology heretofore only predicted from theoretical considerations and extend our knowledge of DAT structure-function properties.
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Acquisition and Depletion Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection (2017)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be a novel approach to eliminate multidrug-resistant bacteria from the gut and to prevent future infections. Using whole metagenome sequencing data from 8 FMT donor-recipient pairs, we identified 37 and 95 antimicrobial resistance genes that were acquired by or removed from FMT recipients, respectively.
Visualizing the Invisible: The CONNECT Approach for Teaching Science (2006)

The CONNECT1 project proposes a pedagogical and technological approach that crosscuts the boundaries between schools and science museums and involves both students and teachers in extended episodes of playful learning. It develops, tests and evaluates learning pathways to facilitate in situ learning that will be implemented in ambient, always available educational environments developed with emerging technology. This paper focuses on the first results from the project’s implementation in Greece.
Argentaffin Cell Carcinoma of the Rectum: Two Case Reports (1970)

The clinical and pathological findings in two cases of rectal argentaffin cell carcinoma with metastases are presented. One patient had coexisting chronic ulcerative colitis. The literature relating to rectal carcinoid is reviewed, and the malignant nature of this tumour is discussed.
A novel route to substituted cyclopent-2-en-1-one; application to the synthesis of cis-jasmone and dihydrojasmone (1990)

J. Mathew and B. Alink, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 684 DOI: 10.1039/C39900000684
Risky Planning on Probabilistic Costmaps for Path Planning in Outdoor Environments (2012)

This paper presents a framework for path planning over probabilistic costmaps of outdoor terrain that is compatible with fast grid-based planners such as A <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^*$</tex></formula> and D <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^*$</tex></formula> . We begin with an exemplar of how probabilistic costmaps may be constructed and then show how the a priori availability of such maps lends itself to the precomputation of exact probabilistic heuristics. In turn, the probabilistic nature of these heuristics allow the user to employ a bounded speed–accuracy tradeoff that characterizes the risk of paths returned not being of optimal shortest-path length. Results are shown which demonstrate that the method is able to closely approximate a probability distribution over the underlying exact distance and that efficiency increases on the order of 90% in terms of nodes expanded, and 60% in terms of search time over Euclidean distance heuristics, can be achieved.
Lime Treatment of Prehydrolysis Liquor from the Kraft-Based Dissolving Pulp Production Process (2011)

In this study, the concept of using lime for the treatment of industrially produced prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process was tested, and its effect on the concentrations of acetic acid, furfural, UV lignin, and hemicelluloses was explored. Lime treatment resulted in a significant increase in the acetic acid concentration due to alkaline hydrolysis of the acetyl groups bound to the dissolved hemicelluloses in PHL, and the degradation of sugars. At relatively high lime dosages (e.g., above 1.7%), furfural was completely eliminated, while the lignin concentration decreased by 20–25%. The hemicelluloses concentration can be significantly decreased due to the alkaline oxidative degradation. However, when performed in the absence of oxygen/air by bubbling carbon dioxide to the lime/PHL system, the degradation of hemicelluloses was effectively minimized.
Processing and MHC class I presentation of human cytomegalovirus pp65-derived peptides persist despite gpUS2–11-mediated immune evasion (2007)

Immune control of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can be mediated by CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Adoptive transfer of antiviral CTL confers protection against HCMV reactivation and disease. The tegument protein pp65 and the immediate-early 1 protein (IE1) are recognized to be major CTL targets, even though during productive infection the viral immunoevasion proteins gpUS2-11 act to suppress major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigen presentation. Thus it was not clear how infected cells could be labelled with antigenic peptides in the face of immunoevasion. We show here that the immunodominant peptide pp65NLV was presented by MHC class I in cells infected with a gpUS2-11-competent virus. Presentation of pp65NLV was still detectable at 96 h post-infection, although at low levels. Partial suppression of pp65NLV presentation was dependent on the ability of the infecting strain to express gpUS2-11. MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation in HCMV-infected cells (encoding gpUS2-11) exhibited specificity for pp65-derived peptides, as infected fibroblasts did not present the IE1-derived nonapeptide IE1TMY. Remarkably, infected cells could restore pp65NLV peptide presentation after acid removal of MHC class I despite gpUS2-11 expression. This recovery was shown to be dependent on proteasome functionality. In contrast to IE1, pp65 peptides are loaded on MHC class I molecules to be transported to the cell surface at early and late times after infection in the face of gpUS2-11-mediated immunoevasion. pp65 is therefore the first example of an HCMV protein only incompletely subjected to gpUS2-11-mediated immunoevasion.