gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REVIEW ARTICLE: Clinical Relevance of Oxidative Stress in Male Factor Infertility: An Update (2007)

Male factor has been considered a major contributory factor to infertility. Along with the conventional causes for male infertility such as varicocele, cryptorchidism, infections, obstructive lesions, cystic fibrosis, trauma, and tumors, a new, yet important cause has been identified: oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) is a result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the body, which can lead to sperm damage, deformity and eventually male infertility. This involves peroxidative damage to sperm membrane and DNA fragmentation at both nuclear and mitochondrial levels. OS has been implicated as the major etiological factor leading to sperm DNA damage. OS-induced DNA damage can lead to abnormalities in the offspring including childhood cancer and achondroplasia. In this article, we discuss the need of ROS in normal sperm physiology, the mechanism of production of ROS and its pathophysiology in relation to male reproductive system. The benefits of incorporating antioxidants in clinical and experimental settings have been enumerated. We also highlight the emerging concept of utilizing OS as a method of contraception and the potential problems associated with it.
Planar lightwave circuit devices for optical communication: present and future (2003)

Silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLC) are key components of functional devices designed for use in optical fiber communication systems because, compared with bulk optics devices, they offer compactness, excellent stability and reliability in addition to high functionality. This talk reviews the current status of PLC development. The fabrication process, basic characteristics, packaging and reliability are presented, many device applications are described, and experimental results related to optical switches, interleave filters, chromatic/polarization dispersion compensators, gain spectrum equalizers and wavelength multiplexers are reported. Finally, the history of PLC development is summarized, and future target devices are described along with the kind of development needed for such devices designed for use in the next generation of optical communication systems.
An Expeditious Synthesis of a<i>C</i>-Disaccharide Using a Temporary Ketal Connection (1993)

C-disaccharide 8 is expeditiously synthesized by radical coupling of the phenyl Se-glycoside 3 onto the exomethylene sugar 4 which are temporarily connected through a ketal tether.
Inspection robot for high-voltage transmission lines. (2003)

The procedure used for inspection and verification of damages in cables is highly dependent on the experience of a skilled technician who, using binoculars, covers the transmission lines in a helicopter, and is able of visualing points where seems to exist damaged spots in the wires and in insulators of the transmission lines . After this previous identification, teams are sent to verify, with greater detail , if the imperfection is relevant .To confirm the relevance of imperfections, the lines are de- energized and the repair or substitution can be carried out.With the objective of complementing the service of inspection in transmission lines and making it less dependent of the technician skill, the development of a system of services in lines of energy transmission that includes the automation as an auxiliary tool in the identification of imperfections and as a mechanism of diminishing the lines disconection time . In this work,a mobile robot is presented as a tool to automate the operations of inspection. This robot, currently teleoperated, while travelling upon the wires, gathers cable images, through cameras, and sends them to an operations base .
Random-choice replication of extrachromosomal bovine papillomavirus (BPV) molecules in heterogeneous, clonally derived BPV-infected cell lines (1992)

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis, we show that three clonally derived cell lines transformed with bovine papillomavirus (BPV), including ID13, the cell line commonly employed for BPV replication studies, are heterogeneous populations having extensive cell-to-cell variation in both the distribution and amount of BPV DNA. Different subclones of ID13 were found to differ in the form and amount of BPV DNA they contain. Most subclones showed no detectable BPV sequences; some contained either extrachromosomal BPV molecules distributed throughout the nucleus or BPV sequences integrated at discrete chromosomal sites, while others contained both integrated and plasmid forms. The results of density gradient analysis of BPV DNA from individual homogeneous subclones showed replication of the extrachromosomal BPV plasmids in a random-choice mode. In all cell lines studied, the presence after one round of chromosomal DNA replication of unreplicated BPV DNA and of BPV DNA having two postreplicative strands was independent of the presence of high-BPV-copy-number ("jackpot") cells. Our results substantiate the earlier conclusion that extrachromosomal BPV molecules replicate randomly and not according to a once-per-cell-cycle mechanism.
An efficient real time algorithm to simultaneously reduce blocking and ringing artifacts of compressed video (1999)

In this paper, an efficient algorithm for simultaneous reduction of blocking and ringing artifacts of compressed video is presented. A pixel based new regularization functional, which consists of four directional regularization functions is to represent the correlation to each direction, is proposed. Also, the regularization parameter, which is critical in regularization restoration problem, is determined from the available overhead information in decoder, such as, COD (Coded Macroblock Indication) and quantization step size, resulting in dramatic computational reduction to determine the regularization parameters. The experimental results show the capability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Double Blind Evaluation of the Effects of Various Contrast Media on Extremity Veins in the Dog (1987)

Canine superficial extremity veins were examined grossly and microscopically in a double blind fashion for endothelial damage and phlebitis one hour and four days after the injection of ionic monomeric or dimeric, and non-ionic monomeric, 300 mg I/ml, contrast media. Superficial veins of all four extremities and the tail vein were injected with the same amounts of contrast medium after application of tourniquets for 20 minutes following the injections. Silver staining and prefixation of the veins were done in situ. The specimens were evaluated together with cross-sectioned, hematoxylin-eosin stained biopsies. On the basis of a randomized study of 77 dogs, endothelial damage or thrombosis caused by various contrast media as seen in man was not demonstrated. This may be due to species differences. It is postulated that canine endothelium may have a higher resistance to contrast medium injury than human endothelium.
Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) binds to PAR-3 (2001)

At tight junctions (TJs), claudins with four transmembrane domains are incorporated into TJ strands. Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is also localized at TJs, but it remains unclear how JAM is integrated into TJs. Immunoreplica electron microscopy revealed that JAM showed an intimate spatial relationship with TJ strands in epithelial cells. In L fibroblasts expressing exogenous JAM, JAM was concentrated at cell-cell adhesion sites, where there were no strand-like structures, but rather characteristic membrane domains free of intramembranous particles were detected. These domains were specifically labeled with anti-JAM polyclonal antibody, suggesting that JAM forms planar aggregates through their lateral self-association. Immunofluorescence microscopy and in vitro binding assays revealed that ZO-1 directly binds to the COOH termini of claudins and JAM at its PDZ1 and PDZ3 domains, respectively. Furthermore, another PDZ-containing polarity-related protein, PAR-3, was directly bound to the COOH terminus of JAM, but not to that of claudins. These findings led to a molecular architectural model for TJs: small aggregates of JAM are tethered to claudin-based strands through ZO-1, and these JAM aggregates recruit PAR-3 to TJs. We also discuss the importance of this model from the perspective of the general molecular mechanisms behind the recruitment of PAR proteins to plasma membranes.
Effects of dorsal rhizotomy on depressor response to spinal cord stimulation mediated by endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide in the pithed rat (1993)

The effects of acute and chronic dorsal rhizotomy on vasodilation induced by spinal cord stimulation were investigated in the pithed rat in vivo. Pithed rats were treated intravenously with hexamethonium (2 mg/kg/min) to block autonomic outflow, and mean arterial blood pressure was maintained at approximately 100 mm Hg with methoxamine (10 to 15 micrograms/kg/min). Electrical stimulation (2 or 4 Hz, 10 V, 1 msec) of the lower thoracic spinal cord (T9-12) via the pithing rod caused a frequency-dependent depressor response without a change in heart rate. The depressor response to spinal cord stimulation was inhibited by the intravenous administration of human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) [8-37] (60 nmol/kg/min) or tetrodotoxin (100 micrograms/kg). In the pithed rat with acute or chronic bilateral dorsal root rhizotomy at lower thoracic levels (T8-12), spinal cord stimulation at 2 and 4 Hz caused no depressor response. These results suggest that the depressor response to spinal cord stimulation is mediated by endogenous CGRP, which is released from CGRP-containing nerves. The present results also suggest an outflow of CGRP-containing nerves from the spinal cord via the dorsal roots.
Microsomal oxygenases involved in ergoline alkaloid biosynthesis of various <i>Claviceps</i> strains (1988)

Abstract The conversions of agroclavine to elymoclavine and elymoclavine to paspalic acid/lysergic acid are catalyzed by microsomal preparations from various Claviceps strains. The enzymes designated as agroclavine 17‐monooxygenase and elymoclavine 17‐monooxygenase respectively are dependent on NADPH and molecular oxygen. NADH enhances enzyme activity observed in the presence of NADPH. Transhydrogenase activity in the presence of NADH and NADP + which is dependent on ATP was found. Carbon monoxide, as it was shown by K IM et al. (1981, 1983) and cytochrome c inhibit hydroxylation, whereas NACN did not affect the reactions. This and other properties suggest that both clavine specific enzymes are cytochrome P‐450 dependent monooxygenases. Lysergol was not converted by elymoclavine 17‐hydroxylase. Feedback inhibition of agroclavine 17‐monooxygenase by elymoclavine was demonstrated under in vitro conditions.
Joint data management for MOVINT data-to-decision making (2011)

Abstract – Joint data management (JDM) includes the hardware (e.g. sensors/targets), software (e.g. processing/algorithms), and operations (environments) of data exchange that enable persistent surveillance in the context of a data-to-decision (D2D) information fusion enterprise. Key attributes of an information system require pragmatic assessment of data and information management, distributed communications, knowledge representation, human-systems interaction, as well as a balanced sensor mix, algorithm choice, and life-cycle data management. Throughout the paper, we seek to describe the current technology, research approaches, and metrics that influence a realizable JDM product. We develop JDM methods for structured and unstructured data to determine an accurate target track and identification as a moving intelligence (MOVINT) capability. We examine classification methods of unstructured data using seismic, acoustic, and combined fusion methods for data analysis and information management.
RAR1 Positively Controls Steady State Levels of Barley MLA Resistance Proteins and Enables Sufficient MLA6 Accumulation for Effective Resistance (2004)

The polymorphic barley (Hordeum vulgare) Mla locus harbors allelic race-specific resistance (R) genes to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f sp hordei. The highly sequence-related MLA proteins contain an N-terminal coiled-coil structure, a central nucleotide binding (NB) site, a Leu-rich repeat (LRR) region, and a C-terminal non-LRR region. Using transgenic barley lines expressing epitope-tagged MLA1 and MLA6 derivatives driven by native regulatory sequences, we show a reversible and salt concentration-dependent distribution of the intracellular MLA proteins in soluble and membrane-associated pools. A posttranscriptional process directs fourfold greater accumulation of MLA1 over MLA6. Unexpectedly, in rar1 mutant plants that are compromised for MLA6 but not MLA1 resistance, the steady state level of both MLA isoforms is reduced. Furthermore, differential steady state levels of MLA1/MLA6 hybrid proteins correlate with their requirement for RAR1; the RAR1-independent hybrid protein accumulates to higher levels and the RAR1-dependent one to lower levels. Interestingly, yeast two-hybrid studies reveal that the LRR domains of RAR1-independent but not RAR1-dependent MLA isoforms interact with SGT1, a RAR1 interacting protein required for the function of many NB-LRR type R proteins. Our findings implicate the existence of a conserved mechanism to reach minimal NB-LRR R protein thresholds that are needed to trigger effective resistance responses.
Functional genomics of osteoarthritis (2002)

Functional genomics is a challenging new way to address a complex disease like osteoarthritis on a molecular level. Despite osteoarthritis being ultimately a biochemical problem, mainly characterized by an imbalanced cartilage matrix turnover, a deeper understanding of molecular events within the tissue cells (i.e., the chondrocytes) will provide not only a better understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms but also new diagnostic markers and cellular targets for therapeutic intervention. This innovative technology represents a challenging approach complementing (not replacing) classical research in previously described and new disease-relevant genes: large-scale functional genomics will open up new areas of so far unrecognized molecular networks. This will include as yet unidentified players in the anabolic-catabolic balance of matrix turnover of articular cartilage as well as disease-relevant intracellular signaling cascades so far hardly investigated in articular chondrocytes. However, care must be taken not to over or misinterpret results and some major challenges must be overcome in order to properly utilize the potential of this technology in the field of osteoarthritis.
Joint Inversion of InSAR, GPS, Teleseismic, and Strong-Motion Data for the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Earthquake Slip: Application to the 1999 Izmit Mainshock (2002)

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, n. 1, p. 278-299, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000806
The Future of Essentially Derived Variety (EDV) Status: Predominantly More Explanations or Essential Change (2021)

This review examines the categorization of Essentially Derived Varieties (EDV) introduced in the 1991 revision of the Convention of the Union internationale pour la protection des obtentions végétales (UPOV). Other non-UPOV member countries (India, Malaysia, and Thailand) have also introduced the concept of essential derivation. China, a UPOV member operating under the 1978 Convention, is introducing EDVs via seed laws. Challenges in the implementation of the concept and progress made to provide greater clarity and more efficient implementation are reviewed, including in Australia and India. The current approach to EDV remains valid provided (i) clarity on thresholds can be achieved including through resource intensive research on an individual crop species basis and (ii) that threshold clarity does not lead to perverse incentives to avoid detection of essential derivation. However, technological advances that facilitate the simultaneous introduction or change in expression of more than “a few” genes may well fundamentally challenge the concept of essential derivation and require a revision of the Convention. Revision could include deletion of the concept of essential derivation coupled with changes to the breeder exception on a crop-by-crop basis. Stakeholders might also benefit from greater flexibility within a revised Convention. Consideration should be given to allowing members to choose if and when to introduce changes according to a revised Convention on a crop specific basis.
Immune effector mechanisms in myocardial pathologies. (2000)

It is now well established that immune effector mechanisms contribute to cardiac dysfunction in several heart diseases, including myocarditis and the associated dilated cardiomyopathy, heart transplant rejection and Chagas' disease. These and other pathologies, in which cellular immunity plays an important role, contribute to morbidity and mortality world-wide. As a result of numerous studies performed in this exciting field, two major mechanisms of lymphocytotoxicity have been proposed: a secretory mechanism in which perforin and granzymes are key players, and a non-secretory mechanism involving Fas/FasL activation. While the common notion is that CTL-myocyte interaction, perforin- or Fas-based, inevitably results in target cell apoptotic death, the objective of this review is to consider the concept of non-apoptotic consequences of CTL-target cell interaction. It is proposed that depending on the myocyte status as well as on the fine balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, CTL-myocyte interaction may result in a non-apoptotic, potentially reversible sustained damage to the myocytes, thus contributing to immune-mediated cardiac dysfunction.
Dual-fisheye lens stitching for 360-degree imaging (2017)

Dual-fisheye lens cameras have been increasingly used for 360-degree immersive imaging. However, the limited overlapping field of views and misalignment between the two lenses give rise to visible discontinuities in the stitching boundaries. This paper introduces a novel method for dual-fisheye camera stitching that adaptively minimizes the discontinuities in the overlapping regions to generate full spherical 360-degree images. Results show that this approach can produce good quality stitched images for Samsung Gear 360 - a dual-fisheye camera, even with hard-to-stitch objects in the stitching borders.
New Single Well Standalone Gas Lift Process Facilitates Barnett Shale Fracture Treatment Flowback (2009)

Abstract When performing multiple fracture treatments in horizontal Barnett Shale wells, many operators choose to utilize artificial lift to remove fracture fluids rather than incur the expense of energized fluids that may not be effective. Gas lift has been a popular artificial lift method to remove fracture fluids, as it allows for high liquid flowrates and is excellent at handling flowback sand. Its disadvantage is that a source of lift gas is required to initiate gas lift, with this source typically being other nearby gas wells or a third party gas pipeline. In new exploration areas such as the Barnett, often neither are available. Operators resort to costly nitrogen membrane units to provide lift gas, but are left with questions about the net gas being produced (since returning nitrogen and produced natural gas are combined downhole then vented to the atmosphere). A new system (patent pending) has been developed that addresses gas lift's issues of initially filling the system with lift gas, as well as maintaining this gas so that additional gas is not required. Being a closed loop system, it also provides for very accurate measurement of net gas production by measuring any gas in excess of that needed for lift, and discharging the same to a flare stack. The paper will describe the major components used in this system, present a case history, and address the significant cost reductions and other benefits realized.
Impact of Oxygen on Photopolymerization Kinetics and Polymer Structure (2006)

The effects of varying polymerization conditions on the extent of oxygen inhibition of free-radical photopolymerization were investigated using both experimental and modeling efforts. Specifically, sample thickness, initiation rate, and oxygen concentration were varied, and the resulting photopolymerization kinetics were studied using real-time FTIR and a comprehensive photopolymerization model. As the sample thickness was increased, the overall average double-bond conversion increased due to the greater conversion in the lower depths of the films. Because of the dramatic inhibition at the top of the film, this led to heterogeneity in the film's conversion as shown with the comprehensive model. Increasing the initiation rate decreased the inhibition time and increased the overall average double-bond conversion due to an increase in the overall radical production, allowing better competition of the propagation reaction with the inhibition reaction. The oxygen concentration was varied, and as the oxygen concentration increased, the overall inhibition reaction increased, thus lowering the overall double-bond conversion. Finally, the effect of oxygen concentration on the bulk mechanical properties of the film was determined. It was found that no statistical difference was observed in the mechanical properties for films exposed to argon (PO2 = 0) as compared to a film exposed to air (PO2 = 0.21).
Correction of quasiphoneme strings by the dynamically expanding context (2003)

An attempt is described to improve the overall accuracy of a phoneme-based speech recognizer using a grammar that corrects error in the so-called quasiphoneme strings. These strings result when speech frames are independently labeled to phonemic classes every hundredth of a second. A syntactic symbol string-correction method, the dynamically expanding context, is then applied. The method involves a large set of context-sensitive rules that describe the errors and coarticulation effects in the quasiphoneme strings and are constructed automatically from examples. This rule set is then able to cancel errors that have similar morphology. The overall accuracy of phonemic speech recognition can be increased by 1.5% to 8% over that achievable by other means.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA Triple Helixes with C-Nucleosides (Deoxypseudouridine) in the Second Strand (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDNA Triple Helixes with C-Nucleosides (Deoxypseudouridine) in the Second StrandTina L. Trapane, Michael S. Christopherson, Clinton D. Roby, Paul O. P. Ts'o, and Daguang WangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 18, 8412–8413Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00097a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00097a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts