gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Immersive 3-D Virtual Reality Environments in Control Room Validations (2018)

Advanced technologies (e.g., virtual and augmented reality) may provide new possibilities to facilitate control room (CR) design and evaluation activities. We studied how immersive three-dimensional (3-D) virtual reality environments may augment and advance the evaluation of safety-critical nuclear power plant CR systems. A multiuser functionality enables several operators to be located and to collaborate in the same virtual CR environment at the same time. There is also a realistic representation of emergency operating procedures in the virtual CR. Spatial audio communication through headsets makes the experience even more realistic. The paper addresses both technical and human factors issues associated with the use of immersive 3-D virtual reality environments in CR validation tests, for example, the amount of technical resources required as compared to normal validation in a real-life physical simulator environment, creation of methodologically new testing opportunities, and new opportunities for data registration and analysis. A new framework has been established for estimating the needed fidelity level of the virtual CR for the type of system evaluation at hand.
A phase II study of neuroimmunotherapy with subcutaneous low-dose IL-2 plus the pineal hormone melatonin in untreatable advanced hematologic malignancies. (2000)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has proven to be able to generate an effective anticancer immunity against both solid and hematologic malignancies. Moreover, recent advances in the knowledge of psychoneuroimmunology have demonstrated that anticancer immunity is under neuroendocrine control and that the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) may stimulate the IL-2-dependent anticancer reaction. Finally, preliminary clinical studies have already shown that the concommitant administration of MLT may amplify the efficacy of IL-2 in the treatment of advanced solid neoplasms, whereas there are no data about MLT influence on IL-2 activity in hematologic malignancies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a neuroimmunotherapeutic combination of low-dose IL-2 plus MLT in advanced hematologic malignancies which did not respond to previous standard therapies. The study included 12 evaluable patients. Tumor histotypes were as follows: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) 6; Hodgkin's disease (HD), 2; multiple myeloma, 2; acute myelogenous leukemia (ALM), 1 and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 1. IL-2 was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 3 million IU/day for 6 days per week for 4 weeks, corresponding to one cycle. MLT was given orally at 20 mg/day in the evening, without interruption. In non-progressing patients, a second IL-2 cycle was planned after a 3 week-rest period. A partial response was achieved in one patient with multiple myeloma. Stable disease occurred in 7 other patients (NHL, 3; HD, 1; AML, 1; CLLM, 1; multiple myeloma, 1), whereas the other 4 patients progressed. Therefore, lack of progression was obtained in 8 out of 12 (67%) patients, with a median duration of 21+ months (14-30+ months). The treatment was well tolerated in all patients. These preliminary results would suggest that the concomitant administration of low-dose IL-2 plus the pineal hormone MLT may prolong the survival time in untreatable advanced hematologic malignancies, with results comparable to those previously reported using a more toxic immunotherapy, consisting of high-dose IL-2 alone.
A genetic algorithm for database query optimization (2002)

Numerous decision support applications have been modeled as set covering and partitioning problems. We propose an extension to the database query language SQL to enable applications of these problems to be stated and solved directly by the database system. This will lead to the benefits of improved data independence, increased productivity and better performance. Six operators, namely cover, mincover, sumcover, partition, minpartition, and sumpartition are extended. We present genetic algorithms for the implementation of access routines for the proposed operators. We found that our genetic algorithm approach for extended operations and query optimization performed well both on the computational effort and the quality of the solutions through a variety of test problems. This approach makes it possible for a DBMS to respond to queries involving the proposed operators in a predicate restricted amount of time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDevelopment of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to ApplicationsMin Xue†, Yong Yang‡, Xiaodong Chi†, Xuzhou Yan†, and Feihe Huang*†View Author Information† State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China‡ Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 15, 7398–7501Publication Date (Web):March 3, 2015Publication History Received10 October 2014Published online3 March 2015Published inissue 12 August 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr5005869https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5005869review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24378Altmetric-Citations718LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Macrocycles,Polymers,Reaction products,Rotaxanes,Supramolecular chemistry Get e-Alerts
Financial Dynamics and Business Cycles: New Perspectives (1990)

(1990). Financial Dynamics and Business Cycles: New Perspectives. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 1157-1163.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Analogs of Thapsigargin Modified at O-11 and O-12 (1995)

A number of analogues of thapsigargin have been synthesized by alkylating or acylating O-11 and O-12 in the lactol obtained by reducing thapsigargicin. Introduction of alpha-disposed substituents decreased the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitory potency of the analogue, whereas the enzyme was more tolerant toward beta-disposed substituents, indicating that the alpha-face of the lactone ring is in close contact with the binding site when the inhibitor is bound to the enzyme.
Expressions for Wavelength and Impedance of a Slotline (Letters) (1976)

Closed-form approximate expressions for slot wavelength and characteristic impedance for a slotline are presented. These expressions have an accuracy of about 2 percent for substrate permittivity ranging between 9.7 and 20.
Design And Fabrication Of Micro Mirror Supported By Electroplated Nickel Posts (2005)

In this paper, a 100 x 100/spl mu/m/sup 2/ aluminum micro mirror is designed and fabricated using a thick photoresist as a sacrificial layer and as a mold for nickel electroplating. The micro mirror is composed of aluminum mirror plate, two nickel support posts, two aluminum hinges, two address electrodes, and two landing electrodes. The aluminum mirror plate, which is suppoerted by two nickel support posts, is overhung about 10/spl mu/m from the silicon substrate. We use thick photoresist to obtain 10/spl mu/m thick sacrificial layer and electroplate nickel to obtain 10/spl mu/mm height support post. The aluminum mirror plate is actuated like a seesaw by electrostatic force generated by electrostatic potential difference applied between the mirror plate and the address electrode. We use RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) to release the micro mirror plate from the silicon substrate finally.
Photolabile micropatterned surfaces for cell capture and release (2011)

A method for capture and release of cells was developed using a photolabile linker and antibody-attached glass surface with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-pattern.
New models for real-time tracking using particle filtering (2008)

This paper presents new methods for effi9;cient object tracking in video sequences using multiple features and particle filtering. A histogram-based framework is used to describe the features. Histograms are useful because have the property that they allow changes in the object appearance while the histograms remain the same. Particle filtering is used because it is very robust for non-linear and non-Gaussian dynamic state estimation problems and performs well when clutter and occlusions are present. Color histogram based particle filtering is the most common method used for object tracking. However, a single feature tracker loses track easily and can track the wrong object. One popular remedy for this problem is using multiple features. It has been shown that using multiple features for tracking provides more accurate results while increasing the computational complexity. In this paper we address these problems by describing an efficient method for histogram computation. For better tracking performance we also introduce a new observation likelihood model with dynamic parameter setting. Experiments show our proposed method is more accurate and more efficient then the traditional color histogram based particle filtering.
Effect of oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton on the induction of pleural fibrosarcomas in mice. (1976)

The effect of oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton on the induction of pleural fibrosarcomas by 3-methylcholanthrene in mice was examined. The pleural fibrosarcomas were induced by a substernal injection of 3-methylcholanthrene into the thoracic cavity of ddO mice. One week after the injection of 3-methylcholanthrene, 100 mug of oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton was injected subcutaneously every week for 10 weeks. In the observation period of 130 days, the incidence of pleural fibrosarcoma was 67% in the control mice and 39% in the mice treated with BCG cell-wall skeleton. The latent period of tumor induction was prolonged in the mice treated with BCG cell-wall skeleton.
Fluorinated thienyl-quinoxaline-based D–π–A-type copolymer toward efficient polymer solar cells: synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic properties (2013)

A tailor-made donor–π–acceptor copolymer comprising of a medium electron-donating alkylthienyl-benzodithiophene (BDTT) moiety and a strong electron-accepting fluorinated thienyl-quinoxaline (TTFQ) segment with thiophene π-bridge units has been synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization and thoroughly characterized for use as a p-type semiconducting polymer. The semicrystalline copolymer PBDTT-TTFQ shows a broad visible-near-infrared absorption band with an optical bandgap of 1.67 eV and possesses a relatively low-lying HOMO level at −5.34 eV. In addition, the PBDTT-TTFQ neat film reveals a highly dense fibrillar nanostructure with a certain degree of long-range order, suggesting the nanoscale self-assembly of PBDTT and TTFQ segments. A bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cell based on the blend of 1 : 1 PBDTT-TTFQ:PC71BM shows an open circuit voltage of 0.75 V, a short circuit current density of 14.6 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 56.1%, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 6.1% under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2. The results unambiguously indicate that the PBDTT-TTFQ is an auspicious candidate for next-generation solar cell materials.
Integration of polymer and metal microstructures using liquid-phase photopolymerization (2006)

In this paper we demonstrate, using a fabrication technique, liquid-phase photopolymerization (LP3) for the relatively fast and low-cost integration of thick polymers and electroformed metal microstructures to develop a range of microfluidic components and systems. Liquid-phase UV-photosensitive polymers, similar to negative-tone photoresists, are used to create both polymer microstructures and molds to define electroformed metal (here, nickel—Ni) microstructures. This fabrication process can act as a stand-alone or appended one; it is gentle to allow processing after a metal structure has been released since fabrication occurs only at designated areas on a substrate, i.e. no spinning/casting of photosensitive materials, and self-planarization is achieved since photopolymerization of polymers occurs in the liquid phase. Photopatterned polymer and electroformed Ni microstructures are fabricated using LP3 with a low-end (low-cost) lithographic system. A variety of functional microfluidic components and systems, e.g., an active and a passive chaotic micromixer, and gear trains, are fabricated by utilizing a sequential step-and-repeat LP3 process to demonstrate the integration of polymers and metals.
Superconducting and Resistive Tilted Coil Magnets for Generation of High and Uniform Transverse Magnetic Field (2005)

Mathematical foundation is laid for a relatively new type of magnets generating uniform transverse magnetic field-tilted coil magnets. These consist of concentric nested coils with elliptical turns tilted at a certain angle to the central axis and current flowing in opposite directions in the coils tilted at opposite angles, generating a perfectly uniform transverse field. Both superconducting wire-wound and resistive Bitter tilted coils are discussed. An original analytical method is used to prove that the wire-wound tilted coils have the ideal distribution of the axial current density-"cosine-theta". To program coil fabrication tooling, a parametric description of the helical path of the conductor within a tilted coil is given. Magnetic fields are calculated for a tilted Bitter coil magnet using an original exact solution for current density in an elliptical Bitter disk.
Pulse Power Ablation of Melanoma with Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (2011)

Melanocytes are cells that originate in the neural crest. In the dermis, their well characterized role is to produce melanin and through interactions with keratinocytes transfer this pigment to determine skin color and protect the largest organ in the body, the skin, from ultraviolet light. As an effective free radical scavenger, melanin protects against reactive oxygen species that would otherwise damage DNA Melanocytes may also have other roles such as immune, neuroendocrine, and signaling functions through interactions with cells other than keratinocytes, such as lymphocytes, mast cells and endothelial cells [see Tsatmali et al., 2002 for review]. However, keratinocytes regulate melanocyte number, differentiation and melanin production in response to UV radiation. It may be that the resilience of melanocytes to protect the skin, their extraordinary regenerative capacity and their origin as neural crest migratory cells makes them one of the most deadly forms of metastatic skin cancers when they undergo tumorogenesis. It is known that there is a great deal of common cellular and genetic events among embryonic development, tissue regeneration and cancer. Further, typical self-renewal and migration capacity of cancer are shared with embryonic and regenerative cells The recapitulation of embryonic genetic programs is facilitated by overexposure to extreme sunlight (UVA and UVB) or tanning bed light (mostly UVA). The American Cancer Society estimated that in the US in 2009, 68,720 new cases of melanoma (188 new cases /day) will be diagnosed and 8,650 people will die from the disease (24 melanoma deaths /day). The continued increase in melanoma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Thus, metastatic melanoma remains a persistent therapeutic challenge. There are limited successes in preventing this often fatal disease and there are even fewer successes in developing a cure.
A Novel Mosaic Protein Containing LDL Receptor Elements Is Highly Conserved in Humans and Chickens (1997)

Certain receptors belonging to the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family appear to constitute a newly identified branch whose members are expressed in brain, in addition to other tissues. In support of this concept, we have now discovered the expression and delineated the molecular structures of a representative of this emerging branch from two such diverse species as human and chicken. This membrane receptor, called LR11 and thus far only known to exist in the rabbit, is a complex seven-domain mosaic protein containing, among other structural elements, a cluster of 11 LDLR ligand-binding repeats and a domain with homology to VPS10, a yeast receptor for vacuolar protein sorting. Cytoplasmic signature sequences define the receptor as competent for endocytosis. The most striking properties of LR11s are their (1) high degree of structural conservation (>80% identity among mammals and birds), with 100% identity in the membrane-spanning and cytoplasmic domains of rabbit and human; (2) lack of regulation by cholesterol and estrogen; and (3) expression in brain. The features of LR11 suggest important roles in intercellular and intracellular ligand transport processes, some of which it may share with other brain-specific LDLR family members.
A multivalent peptide library approach identifies a novel Shiga toxin inhibitor that induces aberrant cellular transport of the toxin (2006)

Infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis in humans, sometimes resulting in fatal systemic complications. Among the known Stx family members, Stx2 is responsible for the most severe forms of disease. Stx2 binds to target cells via multivalent interactions between its B-subunit pentamer and globotriaosyl ceramide. After binding, it is first retrogradely transported to the Golgi and then to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using a multivalent peptide library approach, we identified a tetravalent peptide that exhibits a high affinity for the Stx2 B-subunit pentamer (KD = 0.13 microM) and markedly inhibits Stx2 cytotoxicity. The tetravalent peptide exerted its inhibitory effects by inducing aberrant cellular transport of Stx2. Although the tetravalent peptide/Stx2 complex was incorporated into cells and translocated to the Golgi, this process was followed by the effective degradation of Stx2 in an acidic compartment rather than by its transfer to the ER. This peptide thoroughly protected mice from a fatal dose of E. coli O157:H7 even when administered after an established infection. Thus, the multivalent peptide library approach enabled the identification of a peptide-based Stx2 inhibitor that has remarkable therapeutic potency and appears to function by inducing aberrant cellular transport and degradation of Stx2.
Checking experiments to test latches (2002)

Necessary and sufficient conditions for exhaustive functional tests (checking experiments) of 2-state latches are derived. These conditions are used to derive minimum-length checking experiments. The checking experiment for the D-latch is simulated using an HSpice implementation of the transmission gate latch. All detectable shorted interconnects, open interconnects, short-to-power, short-to-ground, stuck-open, and stuck-on faults are detected. A pin fault test set and a multiplexer-based test set are also simulated. These tests miss some faults detected by the checking experiment.
Neural network models and their application to handwritten digit recognition. (1988)

Several neural network paradigms are discussed and their application to the recognition of handwritten digits is considered. In particular, linear auto-associative systems, threshold logic networks, backward error propagation models, Hopfield networks, and Boltzmann machines are considered. An explanation of each technique is presented and its application to digit recognition is discussed. The tradeoffs of time and space complexity versus recognition accuracy are considered. The objective is to determine the applicability of these techniques to the real-worid need of the United States Postal Service for a high-accuracy handwritten digit recognition algorithm. This is especially important in light of the recent interest in these methods. Recognition experiments are presented that were performed on a database of over 10,000 handwritten digits that were extracted from live mail in a USPS mail processing facility. The time required by each method and their recognition rates are discussed. 1.
High-Order Collocation Methods for Differential Equations with Random Inputs (2005)

Recently there has been a growing interest in designing efficient methods for the solution of ordinary/ partial differential equations with random inputs. To this end, stochastic Galerkin methods appear to be superior to other nonsampling methods and, in many cases, to several sampling methods. However, when the governing equations take complicated forms, numerical implementations of stochastic Galerkin methods can become nontrivial and care is needed to design robust and efficient solvers for the resulting equations. On the other hand, the traditional sampling methods, e. g., Monte Carlo methods, are straightforward to implement, but they do not offer convergence as fast as stochastic Galerkin methods. In this paper, a high-order stochastic collocation approach is proposed. Similar to stochastic Galerkin methods, the collocation methods take advantage of an assumption of smoothness of the solution in random space to achieve fast convergence. However, the numerical implementation of stochastic collocation is trivial, as it requires only repetitive runs of an existing deterministic solver, similar to Monte Carlo methods. The computational cost of the collocation methods depends on the choice of the collocation points, and we present several feasible constructions. One particular choice, based on sparse grids, depends weakly on the dimensionality of the random space and is more suitable for highly accurate computations of practical applications with large dimensional random inputs. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the stochastic collocation methods.
Wide range pressure sensor based on a piezoelectric bimorph microcantilever (2006)

Since the development of the atomic force microscope, interest in microfabricated cantilevers has grown. Cantilevers are excellent micromechanical sensors. In this work, we use a commercially available piezoelectric bimorph cantilever as pressure and temperature sensor. The piezoelectric layer acts as both sensor and actuator. The sensor detects the change in the resonance frequencies due to the drag force of the surrounding gas. The frequency shift of the resonant modes is measured as a function of the pressure and the temperature. The results show that both pressure and temperature can be measured simultaneously using the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever’s resonant frequencies.