gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of 1-deoxymannojirimycin to evaluate the role of various alpha-mannosidases in oligosaccharide processing in intact cells. (1986)

The mannose analogue, 1-deoxymannojirimycin, which inhibits Golgi alpha-mannosidase I but not endoplasmic reticulum (ER) alpha-mannosidase has been used to determine the role of the ER alpha-mannosidase in the processing of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on glycoproteins in intact cells. In the absence of the inhibitor, the predominant oligosaccharide structures found on the ER glycoprotein 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in UT-1 cells are single isomers of Man6GlcNAc and Man8GlcNAc. In the presence of 150 microM 1-deoxymannojirimycin, the Man8GlcNAc2 isomer accumulates indicating that the 1-deoxymannojirimycin-resistant ER alpha-mannosidase is responsible for the conversion of Man9GlcNAc2 to Man8GlcNAc2 on reductase. The processing of Man8GlcNAc2 to Man6GlcNAc2, however, must be attributed to a 1-deoxymannojirimycin-sensitive alpha-mannosidase. When cells were radiolabeled with [2-(3)H]mannose for 15 h in the presence of 1-deoxymannojirimycin and then further incubated for 3 h in nonradioactive medium without inhibitor, the Man8GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides which accumulated during the labeling period were partially trimmed to Man6GlcNAc. This finding suggests that a second alpha-mannosidase, sensitive to 1-deoxymannojirimycin, resides in the crystalloid ER and is responsible for trimming the reductase oligosaccharide chain from Man8GlcNAc2 to Man6GlcNAc2. To determine if ER alpha-mannosidase is responsible for trimming the oligosaccharides of all glycoproteins from Man9GlcNAc to Man8GlcNAc, the total asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of rat hepatocytes labeled with [2-(3)H]mannose in the presence or absence of 1.0 mM 1-deoxymannojirimycin were examined. the inhibitor prevented the formation of complex oligosaccharides and caused a 30-fold increase in the amount of Man9GlcNAc2 and a 13-fold increase in the amount of Man8GlcNAc2 present on secreted glycoproteins. This result suggests that only one-third of the secreted glycoproteins is initially processed by ER alpha-mannosidase, and two-thirds are processed by Golgi alpha-mannosidase I or another 1-deoxymannojirimycin-sensitive alpha-mannosidase. The inhibitor caused only a 2.6-fold increase in the amount of Man9GlcNAc2 on cellular glycoproteins suggesting that a higher proportion of these glycoproteins are initially processed by the ER alpha-mannosidase. We conclude that some, but not all, hepatocyte glycoproteins are substrates for ER alpha-mannosidase which catalyzes the removal of a specific mannose residue from Man9GlcNAc2 to form a single isomer of Man8GlcNAc2.
DNA sequence variation within and around human minisatellites (1992)

Hypervariable minisatellites have found increasing use in a wide range of applications including linkage analysis, relationship testing and forensic medicine. Conventional length analysis via restriction digestion, agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization produces at best, less than 100 resolvable alleles and involves inherently error prone length estimations. Forensic analyses based on such a system have recently been heavily criticised and the population assumptions used to calculate match frequencies questioned. However, allele length is not the only criterion by which minisatellite variability may be assessed. All well characterised hypervariable human minisatellites also show variation in the dispersion patterns of minisatellite variant repeats. At the most well characterised human minisatellite MS32, MVR variation has been assayed by both restriction analyses and a more direct MVR-PCR approach. Both procedures have shown that allele length analysis seriously underestimates the true variability at minisatellite loci. Many individuals incorrectly typed as homozygous by length analysis have been demonstrated to be heterozygous by internal MVR mapping. MVR allelic analysis has been used to directly show the existence of many hundreds of different alleles, each one absolutely defined, from which we can infer the existence of many thousands of alleles. With a theoretical capacity to define many millions of alleles MVR analysis adds a new dimension to the study of variation in human DNA. The high observed allelic variability is directly reflected in the very high individual specificity obtained when MVR-PCR is applied to total genomic DNA to obtain a diploid code of the two superimposed alleles. MVR diploid code analysis produces a highly portable digital output which provides unambiguous match criteria. Diploid code analysis may be used to obtain highly discriminatory information from mixed DNA samples and, via the use of allele specific flanking primers in knockout MVR-PCR, from admixtures far lower than currently approachable. MVR analysis of allelic variation has revealed the existence of a terminal mutation hotspot which has been confirmed in studies of de novo mutation events in pedigrees. This work has revealed the complex nature of minisatellite mutation, with, for the first time, strong evidence for a role for unequal interallelic exchange and preliminary evidence for a size increase bias.
Ensuring balanced distribution of prognostic factors in treatment outcome research. (1994)

In comparative or matching research involving two or more treatments, the equivalence of the patient groups is of critical importance. In the past, equivalence has either been imposed by matching or balancing, or has been assured statistically by randomization. Matching and balancing, while useful in many contexts, nonetheless have important limitations, as does simple randomization. In recent years, a new tool has been developed that represents a compromise between balancing and randomization. This method, urn randomization, gives clinical investigators new options for improving the credibility of studies at a relatively modest cost. Urn randomization is randomization that is systematically based in favor of balancing. It can be used with several covariates, both marginally and jointly, producing optimal multivariate equivalence of treatment groups for large sample sizes. It preserves randomization as the primary basis for assignment to treatment and is less susceptible to experimenter bias or manipulation of the allocation process by staff than is balancing. Disadvantages include the fact that it is more difficult to implement, and that it violates the simple probability model of simple randomization. A number of research studies on addictions, including client-treatment matching trials, have used urn randomization. A summary of the mechanics of urn randomization is presented, and guidelines for its use in treatment studies are discussed.
Performance of three portable infusion-pump devices set to deliver 2 mL/hr (1997)

The performance of three portable infusion-pump devices set to deliver 2 mL/hr was studied. Portable infusion-pump devices (CADD-1, Paragon, and Singleday Infusor) were set to deliver 5% or 25% dextrose in water at 2 mL/hr for 24 hours at two environmental temperatures (25 and 35 degrees C). There were a total of 12 types of experimental runs, and each run was performed in triplicate. Flow rate accuracy and flow continuity were measured by a computerized gravimetric technique; effusate weights were measured and recorded at 30-second intervals for two hours at the beginning and two hours at the end of each run. Mean flow rates among the three devices did not differ significantly. Mean flow rate was significantly higher for the 5% dextrose solution than for the 25% dextrose solution, for the 35 degree C temperature than for the 25 degree C temperature, and during the first two hours of delivery than during the last two hours. The CADD-1 units showed an interruption of flow lasting about 30 seconds and recurring every 60 seconds; the other devices had fairly constant flow. Mean flow continuity differed significantly among the three devices. Mean flow continuity was significantly higher for the 5% dextrose solution and for the 25 degree C temperature. Flow continuity differed among three representative portable infusion-pump devices set to deliver 2 mL/hr, but flow rate accuracy did not. Fluid viscosity, environmental temperature, and elapsed time affected flow rate accuracy and flow continuity.
NEW PORPHYRIN ADDUCT OF FULLERENE-<font>C</font><sub>60</sub>: A PROMISING NANOTOOL FOR MEDICINAL USE IN THE HEART MUSCLE HYPOXIA CASES (2008)

This is a first case ever reported on the fullerene-based low toxic nanocationite particles (porphyrin adducts of cyclohexl fullerene- C 60 ) designed for targeted delivery of the paramagnetic magnesium stable isotope to the heart muscle providing a sharp clinical effect close to about 80% recovery of the tissue hypoxia symptoms in less than 24 h after a single injection (0.03–0.1 LD 50 ). A whole principle of this therapy is novel: 25 Mg 2+ -magnetic isotope effect selectively stimulates the ATP over-production in the oxygen-depleted cell due to 25 Mg 2+ released by nanoparticles. Being membranotropic cationites, these "smart nanoparticles" release the over-activating paramagnetic cations only in response to the metabolic acidic shift. The resulting positive changes in the heart cell energy metabolism may help to prevent and/or treat the local myocardial hypoxic disorders and, hence, to protect the heart muscle from a serious damage in a vast variety of the hypoxia-caused clinical situations including both Doxorubicin and 1-methylnicotineamide cardiotoxic side effects. Both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug proposed makes it suitable for safe and efficient administration in either single or multi-injection (acute or chronic) therapeutic schemes.
Ion Exchange Synthesis and Structure of New Delafossite-Type CuInO<SUB>2</SUB> (2000)

New delafossite-type CuInO2 was synthesized by ion exchange reaction of CuCl with α-NaFeO2-type NaInO2 or with α-LiFeO2-type LiInO2. According to the XRD, after 144 h the main product obtained at 623 K was CuInO2 in either starting material. Lattice parameters of CuInO2 derived from NaInO2 or LiInO2 as determined by Rietveld analysis, are a=329.01 pm, c=1738.8 pm, and a=329.22 pm, c=1738.8 pm, respectively.
The hypothetical active site lattice. An approach to modelling active sites from data on inhibitor molecules (1988)

Microcomputer-assisted methods are described that allow the mathematical construction of a hypothetical active site lattice (HASL) which can model enzyme-inhibitor interactions and provides predictive structure-activity relationships for a set of competitive inhibitors. The inhibitor set can be structurally dissimilar, including acyclic and cyclic moieties normally refractory to classical parameter-based quantitative structure-activity relationship strategies. With use of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates representing energy-minimized inhibitor conformations, a four-dimensional space-filling description is generated, wherein the fourth dimension can be a user-selected physiochemical property such as hydrophobicity or electron density. The multidimensional lattices thus generated are used to quantitatively compare molecules to one another. Composite lattices of more than one molecule are merged with binding data to form a HASL capable of predicting inhibitor binding and relative orientation. Details of the algorithms and assumptions utilized are illustrated for competitive inhibitors of yeast glyoxalase-I and E. coli dihydrofolate reductase.
Sinus Arrhythmia in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1978)

Sinus arrhythmia, defined by means of a calculation of variance of the R-R interval on admission to hospital, was present in 73 of 176 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. These patients had a lower hospital mortality. They tended to have a higher incidence of inferior infarction, and a lower incidence of anterior infarction, and to have smaller infarcts as measured by the Norris index. The main difference between patients with sinus arrhythmia and without sinus arrhythmia related to heart rates on admission to hospital, the patients with the former having slower heart rates at that time.
Neutral and Cationic Aluminum and Titanium Complexes Incorporating Sterically Demanding Organosilicon Ligands (2005)

New complexes of aluminum and titanium containing sterically demanding ligands and their reaction with B(C6F5)3 are reported. Treatment of [(Ph2MeSiCH2CH2)3Si]NCN[Si(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3] (1) or Si(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3OH (2) with 1 equiv of AlMe3 results in the formation of the neutral dimethylaluminum complexes {MeC[NSi(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3]2}AlMe2 (3) and [(Ph2MeSiCH2CH2)3SiOAlMe2]2 (4). Reaction of 3 with 1 equiv of B(C6F5)3 forms the neutral complex {MeC[NSi(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3]2}AlMe(C6F5) (5) and BMe(C6F5)2. In the case of 4, the analogous reaction produced the dimer [(Ph2MeSiCH2CH2)3SiOAl]2Me3(C6F5) (6). Treatment of 1 with Ti(C5Me5)Me3 fails to afford the corresponding amidinate complex. However, reaction of 2 with the same titanium half-sandwich complex cleanly gives Ti(C5Me5)[OSi(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3]Me2 (7). Reaction of 7 with 1 equiv of B(C6F5)3 leads to the formation of the ion pair {Ti(C5Me5)[OSi(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3]Me}[BMe(C6F5)3] (8), which is relatively stable at room temperature, slowly decomposing (t1/2 ≈ 48 h) to give a mixture of two neutral titanium complexes, Ti(C5Me5)[OSi(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3][CH2B(C6F5)2](C6F5) (9) and Ti(C5Me5)[OSi(CH2CH2SiMePh2)3]Me(C6F5) (10). However, when this reaction is carried out in a 1:0.5 stoichiometry, the decomposition process occurs over the course of 22 h, giving complex 10 selectively. The implications of these results with related Ziegler−Natta catalyst systems are discussed.
Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. A Scalable Synthesis of the Immunosuppressive Agent FTY720 (2004)

A chemo- and regioselective cross-coupling reaction of the functionalized aryl triflate 5 with octylmagnesium bromide catalyzed by cheap, nontoxic, and environmentally benign Fe(acac)(3) sets the basis for a practical and scaleable synthesis of the octylbenzene derivative 6, which serves as a key building block for the preparation of FTY720 (1). This 2-amino-1,3-propanediol derivative shows highly promising immunosuppressive properties and is currently in human clinical phase III trials.
Metrology characterization of spacer double patterning by scatterometry (2011)

Spacer defined double patterning processes consists of multiple deposition, post strips and etch steps and is inherently susceptible to the cumulative effects of defects from each process step leading to higher rate of defect detection. CD distortions and CD non-uniformity leads to DPT overlay errors. This demands improved critical dimension uniformity (CDU) and overlay control. Scatterometry technique enables the characterization and control the CD uniformity and provision to monitor stepper and scanner characteristics such as focus and dose control. While CDSEM is capable of characterizing CD and sidewall angle, is not adequate to resolve shape variations, such as footing and top rounding and spacers with leaning angles, during the intermediate process steps. We will characterize direct low temperature oxide deposition on resist spacer with fewer core films and reduced number of processing and metrology control steps. Metrology characterization of SADP and resist core transferred spacers at various process steps will be performed by scatterometry using spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectometry. We will present CD distribution (CDU) and profile characterization for core formation, spacer deposition and etch by advanced optical scatterometry and also validate against CDSEM.
SpatialHadoop: A MapReduce framework for spatial data (2015)

This paper describes SpatialHadoop; a full-fledged MapReduce framework with native support for spatial data. SpatialHadoop is a comprehensive extension to Hadoop that injects spatial data awareness in each Hadoop layer, namely, the language, storage, MapReduce, and operations layers. In the language layer, SpatialHadoop adds a simple and expressive high level language for spatial data types and operations. In the storage layer, SpatialHadoop adapts traditional spatial index structures, Grid, R-tree and R+-tree, to form a two-level spatial index. SpatialHadoop enriches the MapReduce layer by two new components, SpatialFileSplitter and SpatialRecordReader, for efficient and scalable spatial data processing. In the operations layer, SpatialHadoop is already equipped with a dozen of operations, including range query, kNN, and spatial join. Other spatial operations are also implemented following a similar approach. Extensive experiments on real system prototype and real datasets show that SpatialHadoop achieves orders of magnitude better performance than Hadoop for spatial data processing.
Telehealth Consultations in Rheumatology: Cost-Effectiveness and User Satisfaction (2001)

We conducted a feasibility study to assess user satisfaction with and the cost-effectiveness of a rheumatology telehealth clinic in northern Alberta. Six telehealth clinics were organized between a rural health centre and the specialist rheumatology centre, which was about a 4 h drive away. Fifty-two new patients were seen. Their median age was 54 years (range 7-81 years). After the teleconsultation, no patient required a conventional face-to-face consultation. Overall, patients agreed that the teleconsultation met their needs and that the care they received was as good as conventional care. The physicians involved in the study thought the process practical and effective. The total costs of service delivery would be equal for teleconsultation and for traditional consultation at a workload of 247 consultations a year.
Evidence for the preservation of the particle identity in miniemulsion polymerization (1999)

A combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), conductivity, and surface tension measurements is used to show that the primary droplets in miniemulsion polymerization have the same size and the same size distribution as the final particles. It is also shown that hexadecane employed as a cosurfactant is homogeneously dispersed in the droplets and does not possess any interface activity. The presented data support that a 1 : 1 copy from monomer droplets to polymer particles is achieved.
Reliable user‐level rollback recovery implementation for multithreaded processes on windows (2006)

Abstract The existing user‐level checkpointing schemes support only a limited portion of multithreaded programs because they are derived from the schemes for single‐threaded applications. This paper addresses the impact of thread suspension point on rollback recovery, and presents a checkpointing scheme for multithreaded processes. Unlike the existing schemes in which the checkpointer suspends every working thread, our scheme employs a distinctive strategy that every working thread suspends itself. This technique manages to avoid the suspension point in the API code or kernel code, ensuring correct rollback recovery. Our scheme supports inter‐thread synchronization and thread lifetime. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SAAR: a shared control plane for overlay multicast (2007)

Many cooperative overlay multicast systems of diverse designs have been implemented and deployed. In this paper, we explore a new architecture for overlay multicast: we factor out the control plane into a separate overlay that provides a single primitive: a configurable anycast for peer selection. This separation of control and data overlays has several advantages. Data overlays can be optimized for efficient content delivery, while the control overlay can be optimized for flexible and efficient peer selection. Several data channels can share a control plane for fast switching among content channels, which is particularly important for IPTV. And, the control overlay can be reused in multicast systems with different data plane organizations. We designed and evaluated a decentralized control overlay for endsystem multicast. The overlay proactively aggregates system state and implements a powerful anycast primitive for peer selection. We demonstrate that SAAR“s efficiency in locating peers reduces channel switching time, improves the quality of content delivery, and reduces overhead, even under dynamic conditions and at scale. An experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system can efficiently support single-tree, multitree and block-based multicast systems.
A turbulent channel flow apparatus for the determination of the adhesion strength of microfouling organisms (2000)

The development of novel, fouling‐release surfaces has led to the need for better test methods to evaluate their performance. A water channel has been designed to measure the adhesion strength of microfouling organisms to test surfaces. The apparatus allows six replicate microscope slides to be mounted in a fully‐developed, turbulent channel flow. Wall shear stress in the test section can be varied from 0.9–30 Pa over a Reynolds number range of 2,800 to 27,000 based on the bulk mean velocity and channel height. Calibration of the device indicates that the accuracy and repeatability in the wall shear stress is within 4% throughout the range. Experiments using the fouling diatom Amphora settled on acid‐washed glass slides are presented. The results show significant differences in the shear stress required to remove Amphora cells with settlement time. No significant differences among the replicate slides were observed, indicating flow uniformity in the test section.
A gain switched semiconductor laser pump-probe source (2002)

In this paper we present are latest work on the development of a solid state pump-probe laser. Our initial aim was to develop a system for use in electro-optic sampling but it is clear that there are many sampling techniques that require a pump-probe source. Basic results on the principle of operation will be given as well as a description of the prototype system which has been developed.
Synthesis of Functionalized l-Cysteine and l-Methionine by Reaction with Electron-Deficient Acetylenes (2009)

A novel families of nonconventionally functionalized amino acids have been synthesized in almost quantitative yields by chemo-, regio- and stereospecific addition of l-cysteine and l-­methionine to electron-deficient functionalized acetylenes (cyano-acetylenes and methyl 4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-ynoate) under mild conditions (water, r.t., 2-5 h). Thus, for the first time, the uncommonly functionalized optically active amino acids composing of l-cysteine and l-methionine structural units along with cinnamic acid, dihydrofuranone, iminodihydrofuran, and other biologically important functionalities are readily available.