gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Oxidation of Butene-1 Induced by Aluminum Borohydride<sup>*</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Oxidation of Butene-1 Induced by Aluminum Borohydride*Richard S. Brokaw, Elmer J. Badin, and Robert N. PeaseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4, 1793–1795Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01160a107https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01160a107research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Thiols from the Corresponding Olefins by Using Thiocarbonates and Ti(IV) Halides (2001)

Abstract A convenient method for the preparation of secondary or tertiary thiols from the corresponding olefins was established by using thiocarbonate, titanium(IV) chloride or fluoride and copper(II) oxide. Various thiols were obtained regioselectively in good to excellent yields according to the Markovnikov rule.
Theory of Electron Gun (1934)

The function of the electron gun irrespective of the purpose for which the cathode ray tube is used is to generate, to concentrate, to control, and to focus an electron beam to a spot of a desired size. This paper describes the theory of the above-mentioned functions. The point of view of electron optics is presented and the theory of thick electron lenses with variable indexes of refraction is given. A somewhat detailed analysis of the action of the various parts of the gun is given, using the concepts of electron optics whenever convenient. Then a relevant part of thermionic emission is treated, with an emphasis on the distribution of velocities of emission. The initial concentration in the proximity of the cathode, the control of the beam intensity, and the effects of space charge are presented next. In closing, the performance of the gun as a whole is given, and a mathematical and graphical design procedure, made possible by certain assumptions and approximations, is described.
Sulfur-Free Vulcanization Systems for Diene Rubber (1988)

Abstract In accordance with the types of crosslinking listed in Figure 17, the vulcanizing agents discussed in this survey can be classified as follows: (see PDF for table)
A Binaural Cochlear Implant Sound Coding Strategy Inspired by the Contralateral Medial Olivocochlear Reflex (2016)

The MOC strategy (1) significantly improved the intelligibility of speech presented in competition with a spatially separated noise source, both in unilateral and bilateral listening conditions; (2) produced significant spatial release from masking in bilateral listening conditions, something that did not occur with fixed compression; and (3) enhanced spatial release from masking in unilateral listening conditions. The MOC strategy as implemented here, or a modified version of it, may be usefully applied in CIs and in hearing aids.
Binding and accumulation of hemin in Porphyromonas gingivalis are induced by hemin (1994)

Although hemin is an essential nutrient for the black-pigmented oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, the mechanisms involved in hemin binding and uptake are poorly defined. In this study, we have examined the binding of hemin and Congo red (CR) to P. gingivalis whole cells and have defined the conditions for maximal binding. Additionally, the accumulation of hemin by P. gingivalis under growing conditions has been characterized. P. gingivalis A7436 was grown under hemin- or iron-deplete conditions (basal medium [BM] or Schaedler broth with dipyridyl [SBD]) or under hemin- or iron-replete conditions (BM with hemin [BMH] or Schaedler broth [SB]), and hemin and CR binding were assessed spectrophotometrically. Binding of hemin by P. gingivalis whole cells was rapid and was observed in samples obtained from cells grown under hemin- and iron-replete and hemin-deplete conditions but was not observed in cells grown under iron limitation. We also found that P. gingivalis whole cells bound more hemin when grown in BMH or SB than cells grown in BM or SBD. Binding of CR by P. gingivalis A7436 was also enhanced when cells were grown in the presence of hemin or when cells were incubated with hemin prior to CR binding. Hemin binding and accumulation were also assessed using [14C]hemin and [59Fe]hemin under growing conditions. Both [14C]hemin and [59Fe]hemin were accumulated by P. gingivalis, indicating that iron and the porphyrin ring were taken into the cell. Binding and accumulation of hemin under growing conditions were also induced by growth of P. gingivalis in hemin-replete media. Hemin accumulation was inhibited by the addition of KCN to P. gingivalis cultures, indicating that active transport was required for hemin uptake. [14C]hemin binding and accumulation were also inhibited by the addition of either cold hemin or protoporphyrin IX. Taken together, these results indicate that P. gingivalis transports the entire hemin moiety into the cell and that the binding and accumulation of hemin are induced by growth of cultures in the presence of hemin.
Optimal Use of Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Cancer Who Are at Risk for Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia (2004)

Neutropenia and its complications can be serious adverse events in patients who are treated with chemotherapy. Nurses should be familiar with how to identify patients who are at risk for neutropenia and its complications and should be prepared to discuss the need for first-cycle use of G-CSF with the other members of the treatment team as necessary.
Modeling and editing flows using advected radial basis functions (2004)

Fluid simulations are notoriously difficult to predict and control. As a result, authoring fluid flows often involves a tedious trial and error process. There is to date no convenient way of editing a fluid after it has been simulated. In particular, the Eulerian approach to fluid simulation is not suitable for flow editing since it does not provide a convenient spatio-temporal parameterization of the simulated flows. In this research, we develop a new technique to learn such parameterization. This technique is based on a new representation, the <i>Advected Radial Basis Function</i>. It is a time-varying kernel that models the local properties of the fluid. We describe this representation and demonstrate its use for interactive three-dimensional flow editing.
10.53762/gwknpc16 (2000)

In Sufism, Sheikh or Murshid has fundamental importance. A perfect Sheikh is one whose chain of allegiance is valid up to the Messenger of Allah; who have spent a lifetime in austerities and worship. The Sheikh guides his disciples and brings them closer to God. Over time, this notion of Sufi Sheikh declined and many faults arose in this regard. This corrupted concept of Sheikh was tried to be improved by different scholars and Sufis. In Indo-Pak subcontinent, the most prominent of these personalities is the famous revivalist Syed Ahmad Shaheed (1786-1831). He introduced "Tareeqa-e-Muhammadia" in Sufism, the aim of which was to reform the innovations and “Bidʻāt” in Sufism. Syed Ahmad believed that the first source of guidance was Quran and Sunnah. If a Sheikh does something contrary to Quran and Sunnah, he should be stopped immediately. This paper presents a study of the thoughts and ideas of Syed Ahmad Shaheed on devotion to a Sufi Sheikh. It starts with the exaggerated ideas of Sufism in terms of devotion to Sheikh, and then presents the ​​reforming thoughts of Syed Ahmad’s “Tareeqa-e-Muhammadia”. The primary purpose of the movement of “Tareeqa-e-Muhammadia” was to make Muslims committed and practicing Muslims. “Tareeqa-e-Muhammadia” negates all types of Shirk with Allah Almighty. Syed Ahmad waged a jihad to rid Sufism of the influence of Hindu ideologies, in which a Sufi Sheikh attains the status of a deity. To seek help and guidance from prophets, saints, imams etc. was declared against “Aqīda-e-Tawhīd”.
A smart assistance system for cable assembly by combining wearable augmented reality with portable visual inspection (2020)

Assembly guided by paper documents is the most widespread type used in the process of aircraft cable assembly. This process is very complicated and requires assembly workers with high-level skills. The technologies of wearable Augmented Reality (AR) and portable visual inspection can be exploited to improve the efficiency and the quality of cable assembly. In this study, we propose a smart assistance system for cable assembly that combines wearable AR with portable visual inspection. Specifically, a portable visual device based on binocular vision and deep learning is developed to realize fast detection and recognition of cable brackets that are installed on aircraft airframes. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is then developed to read the texts on cables after images are acquired from the camera of the wearable AR device. An authoring tool that was developed to create and manage the assembly process is proposed to realize visual guidance of the cable assembly process based on a wearable AR device. The system is applied to cable assembly on an aircraft bulkhead prototype. The results show that this system can recognize the number, types, and locations of brackets, and can correctly read the text of aircraft cables. The authoring tool can assist users who lack professional programming experience in establishing a process plan, i. e., assembly outline based on AR for cable assembly. The system can provide quick assembly guidance for aircraft cable with texts, images, and a 3D model. It is beneficial for reducing the dependency on paper documents, labor intensity, and the error rate.
Microstructure and magnetism in FeTaN films deposited in the nanocrystalline state (1996)

As-deposited, magnetically soft nanocrystalline FeTaN films are successfully grown by dc-magnetron reactive sputtering. Growth conditions are instrumental in extending the solubility limit of Ta in the bcc FeTa alloy. Nitrogen incorporation in FeTa films is found to be much higher than in Fe films and can be explained in terms of thermochemistry using a large Ta-N interaction coefficient. The influence of different alloying elements is discussed theoretically, with regard to the metal-nitrogen affinity. A ‘‘typical columnar microstructure’’ associated with the sputtering process is identified and its evolution versus the extent of nitrogenation is described in detail. Stress, magnetostriction, resistivity, and magnetic properties are respectively described as a function of both Ta and N contents of the films. The magnetic behavior of as-deposited nanocrystalline FeTaN is found to be very sensitive to both the dimension of the grains, their morphology and the nature of the grain boundary material which represents a non-negligible volume fraction in nanocrystalline films. It is proposed that the columnar structure plays the key role in promoting a large perpendicular anisotropy component (K⊥) and controls a ‘‘Stripe Domain’’-like behavior observed at high N contents, which cannot be explained in terms of film stress in this material. The contribution of the magnetoelastic anisotropy is also described. In summary, by breaking the columnar structure, the incorporation of nitrogen first decreases K⊥ below the critical limit for formation of stripe domains. In these conditions, N acts as a ‘‘grain refiner’’ and excellent soft magnetic behavior is reported and explained in terms of ‘‘vanishing magnetocrystalline anisotropy.’’ The good thermal stability of such soft films is confirmed. By contrast, higher nitrogen incorporation increases K⊥ above the critical limit, leading to a stable stripe domain-like structure which does not allow for soft magnetic properties. This phenomenon has been found to be reversible at low temperature where a complete restoration of the soft magnetic behavior has been observed. This anomalous result is explained by the transformation of the grain boundary material into a ‘‘low Curie temperature phase’’ for large N contents.
Pressure-Induced Dissociation of Antigen-Antibody Complexes (1998)

Pressures on the order of 1000-4000 bar have been reported to reversibly dissociate a number of oligomeric protein complexes without gross changes in protein structure. Here, we report that hydrostatic pressure can also dissociate some antigen-antibody complexes in solution. The association of fluorescent-labeled antigens with monoclonal antibodies was monitored via increases in the fluorescence anisotropy upon binding. Previously, we had found that pressures of 2000 atm were able to dissociate bovine serum albumin (BSA) from immunoadsorbents formed from certain antibodies but not others. In this study, we have found that the sensitivity to pressure in solution is present for the interaction of BSA with MAb 9.1 and absent for the interaction of BSA with MAb 6.1; this behavior is consistent with the immunoadsorbent study. The interaction of hen egg white lysozyme with two monoclonal antibodies was also measured. Interestingly, the complex with the greater electrostatic character (HyHEL-5) did not exhibit pressure sensitivity, as would be expected due to electrostriction effects, whereas the more hydrophobic complex (HyHEL-10) exhibited a strong pressure sensitivity. In each of the systems displaying pressure sensitivity, the free energy of association was found to increase linearly with pressure, indicating a constant change in volume between the free and bound states. Overall, these results indicate that some antigen-antibody complexes exhibit significant sensitivity to pressure, whereas others do not; the mechanisms that discriminate between these cases remain unresolved. Understanding and manipulation of this phenomenon may prove useful in a variety of processes involving the recovery from antigens of antibodies.
Adriamycin‐loaded albumin microspheres: Preparation, <i>in vivo</i> distribution and release in the rat (1985)

Adriamycin-loaded bovine albumin microspheres have been prepared by a technique that allows preparation and administration to animals on the same day. Criteria adopted for injection were that microspheres should be stable and of a size such as to become trapped in capillary beds. These conditions were fulfilled by preparing microspheres using glutaraldehyde concentrations greater than 0.5 per cent and the appropriate combination of stirring speed and continuous phase viscosity. After systemic administration rats were sacrificed at intervals and major visceral organs examined for entrapped microspheres and serum for released drug. Microspheres sieved out in the first capillary bed encountered, the lung, then following biodegradation they disappeared at a rate dependent on the amount of cross-linking agent used in their preparation. In contrast to bolus injection, serum drug levels after microsphere administration indicated an initial rapid release followed by a more protracted phase lasting at least 24 h. This latter observation is consistent with drug release during biodegradation of carrier.
Security in wireless sensor networks - eScholarship (2004)

IN S ECURITY W S N IRELESS ENSOR ETWORKS By A DRIAN P ERRIG , J OHN S TANKOVIC , and D AVID W AGNER They are susceptible to a variety of attacks, including node capture, physical tampering, and denial of service, while prompting a range of fundamental research challenges. ireless sensor network applications include ocean and wildlife monitoring, manufacturing machinery performance monitoring, building safety and earth- quake monitoring, and many military applications. An even wider spectrum of future applications is likely to follow, includ- ing the monitoring of highway traffic, pollu- tion, wildfires, building security, water quality, and even people’s heart rates. A major benefit of these systems is that they perform in-net- work processing to reduce large streams of raw data into useful aggregated informa- tion. Protecting it all is critical. Because sensor networks pose unique challenges, traditional security techniques used in traditional net- works cannot be applied directly. First, to make sen- sor networks economically viable, sensor devices are limited in their energy, computation, and communi- cation capabilities. Second, unlike traditional net- works, sensor nodes are often deployed in accessible W areas, presenting the added risk of physical attack. And third, sensor networks interact closely with their physical environments and with people, posing new security problems. Consequently, existing security mechanisms are inadequate, and new ideas are needed. Fortunately, the new problems also inspire new research and represent an opportunity to prop- erly address sensor network security from the start. Here, we outline security issues in these networks, discuss the state of the art in sensor network security, and suggest future directions for research. We cover several important secu- rity challenges, includ- ing key establishment, secrecy, authentication, privacy, robustness to denial-of-service attacks, secure routing, and node capture. We also cover several high-level secu- rity services required for wireless sensor networks and conclude with future research challenges. CAREN ROSENBLATT A Secure System Security is sometimes viewed as a standalone com- ponent of a system’s architecture, where a separate module provides security. This separation is, however, COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM June 2004/Vol. 47, No. 6
Analysis of steering performance of differential coupling wheelset (2014)

In order to improve the curving performance of the conventional wheelset in sharp curves and resolve the steering ability problem of the independently rotating wheel in large radius curves and tangent lines, a differential coupling wheelset (DCW) was developed in this work. The DCW was composed of two independently rotating wheels (IRWs) coupled by a clutch-type limited slip differential. The differential contains a static pre-stress clutch, which could lock both sides of IRWs of the DCW to ensure a good steering performance in curves with large radius and tangent track. In contrast, the clutch could unlock the two IRWs of the DCW in a sharp curve to endue it with the characteristic of an IRW, so that the vehicles can go through the tight curve smoothly. To study the dynamic performance of the DCW, a multi-body dynamic model of single bogie with DCWs was established. The self-centering capability, hunting stability, and self-steering performance on a curved track were analyzed and then compared with those of the conventional wheelset and IRW. Finally, the effect of coupling parameters of the DCW on the dynamic performance was investigated.
Molecular Characteristics of Catechol Estrogen Quinones in Reactions with Deoxyribonucleosides (1996)

Estrogens can have two roles in the induction of cancer: stimulating proliferation of cells by receptor-mediated processes, and generating electrophilic species that can covalently bind to DNA. The latter role is thought to proceed through catechol estrogen metabolites, which can be oxidized to o-quinones that bind to DNA. Four estrogen-deoxyribonucleoside adducts were synthesized by reaction of estrone 3,4-quinone (E1-3,4-Q), 17 beta-estradiol 3,4-quinone (E2-3,4-Q), or estrone 2,3-quinone (E1-2,3-Q) with deoxyguanosine (dG) or deoxyadenosine (dA) in CH3CO2H/H2O (1:1). Reaction of E1-3,4-Q or E2-3,4-Q with dG produced specifically 7-[4-hydroxyestron-1(alpha, beta)-yl]guanine (4-OHE1-1(alpha, beta)-N7Gua) or 7-[4-hydroxyestradiol-1(alpha, beta)-yl]-guanine (4-OHE2-1(alpha, beta)-N7Gua), respectively, in 40% yield, with loss of deoxyribose. These two quinones did not react with dA, deoxycytidine, or thymidine. When E1-2,3-Q was reacted with dG or dA, N2-(2-hydroxyestron-6-yl)deoxyguanosine (2-OHE1-6-N2dG, 10% yield) and N6-(2-hydroxyestron-6-yl)deoxyadenosine (2-OHE1-6-N6dA, 80% yield), respectively, were formed. These adducts provide insight into the type of DNA damage that can be caused by o-quinones of the catechol estrogens. The estrogen 3,4-quinones are expected to produce depurinating guanine adducts that are lost from DNA, generating apurinic sites, whereas the 2,3-quinones would form stable adducts that remain in DNA, unless repaired. The adducts reported here will be used as references in studies to elucidate the structure of estrogen adducts in biological systems.
Content-based document routing and index partitioning for scalable similarity-based searches in a large corpus (2007)

We present a document routing and index partitioning scheme for scalable similarity-based search of documents in a large corpus. We consider the case when similarity-based search is performed by finding documents that have features in common with the query document. While it is possible to store all the features of all the documents in one index, this suffers from obvious scalability problems. Our approach is to partition the feature index into multiple smaller partitions that can be hosted on separate servers, enabling scalable and parallel search execution. When a document is ingested into the repository, a small number of partitions are chosen to store the features of the document. To perform similarity-based search, also, only a small number of partitions are queried. Our approach is stateless and incremental. The decision as to which partitions the features of the document should be routed to (for storing at ingestion time, and for similarity based search at query time) is solely based on the features of the document.
Resonance effects in low and high energy electron diffraction by crystals (1970)

The relation between an anomalous intensity effect in patterns from high energy electron diffraction by crystals, and the so-called resonance effect in LEED, is discussed mainly on the basis of experimental observations with electrons in both energy ranges, using crystals of zincblende, magnesium oxide and gallium arsenide. It is concluded that these two effects are essentially of the same nature. It is pointed out, that the intensity enhancement of the specular spot and other Laue-zone spots, which occurs under conditions of resonance, is particularly conspicuous when the specular spot is also a Bragg reflection spot. The nature of the wavefield generated in the crystal at resonance is discussed in connexion with other phenomena which appear under the resonance condition, such as the overall intensity enhancement of electron scattering, the increase of secondary electron emission and the variation of X-ray emission yield.
A policy-based storage management framework (2003)

Administrators of the modem IT infrastructure are faced with the problem of escalating complexities and increasing costs associated with distributed resource management. This position paper presents an architectural framework for policy-based management to help mitigate this cost and complexity for the storage environment. In this framework the storage environment is managed by policy at application, data, and storage levels. We use collections of logical attributes to describe classes at each level and use connectors to provide mapping between the collections at different levels.