gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute online monitoring of acrylic acid polymerization and the effect of salt and pH on reaction kinetics (2003)

Abstract Using recently introduced Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization reactions (ACOMP), the kinetics of acrylic acid polymerization was studied. ACOMP yields the absolute weight‐averaged mass ( M w ), monomer conversion, and other quantities. As the initiator concentration increased, it was shown that the rate increased and the M w decreased as in regular free‐radical polymerization. The effect of salt on acrylic acid polymerization in an aqueous solution was investigated. The polymerization rate and M w both decreased with an increasing salt concentration. ACOMP molecular weights were also compared with size‐exclusion chromatography on aliquots periodically withdrawn during the reaction, and good agreement was found. The effect of the pH on the rate and the molecular weight was also investigated, and when the medium pH was changed from 2 to 5 with sodium hydroxide, the rate and M w both decreased as the pH increased. Light‐scattering results of reaction end products in the reference solvent showed that molecules synthesized at higher pH were in a more expanded form. When equimolar sodium hydroxide was added to the acrylic acid (pH ≅ 5) and sodium acrylate formed, adding salt did not effect the reaction kinetics of the poly(sodium acrylate); its effect on the products was a relatively minor decrease of M w . © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1352–1359, 2004
Single stage high power factor converter using the Sheppard-Taylor topology (2002)

This paper describes a new usage of the DC/DC converter developed by D.I. Sheppard and B.E. Taylor in 1983, for achieving high power factor and output regulation. This converter may be viewed as a cascade of a modified boost stage and a buck stage, with the two stages sharing the same active switch. Two possible operation regimes are described. In the first regime, the converter's input part, which is a modified boost converter, operates in discontinuous mode, and the output part, which is a buck converter, operates in continuous mode. In this regime, high power factor is naturally achieved and the output voltage is regulated by duty cycle modulation via a simple output feedback. In the second regime, the input part operates in continuous mode and the output part operates in discontinuous mode, with duty cycle modulation maintaining a high power factor and frequency modulation regulating the output. Compared to the usual boost-buck cascade operating in the first regime, the proposed converter has a wider operating range. When operating in the second regime, the modified boost stage has the ability of producing a harmonic free input current, unlike the standard boost PFC whose current always suffers a cusp distortion.
Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Promote Tumoral Lipid Oxidation and Ferroptosis via Synergistic Repression of SLC7A11 (2019)

A challenge in oncology is to rationally and effectively integrate immunotherapy with traditional modalities, including radiotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that radiotherapy induces tumor-cell ferroptosis. Ferroptosis agonists augment and ferroptosis antagonists limit radiotherapy efficacy in tumor models. Immunotherapy sensitizes tumors to radiotherapy by promoting tumor-cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, IFNγ derived from immunotherapy-activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and radiotherapy-activated ATM independently, yet synergistically, suppresses SLC7A11, a unit of the glutamate-cystine antiporter xc<sup>-</sup>, resulting in reduced cystine uptake, enhanced tumor lipid oxidation and ferroptosis, and improved tumor control. Thus, ferroptosis is an unappreciated mechanism and focus for the development of effective combinatorial cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This article describes ferroptosis as a previously unappreciated mechanism of action for radiotherapy. Further, it shows that ferroptosis is a novel point of synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Finally, it nominates SLC7A11, a critical regulator of ferroptosis, as a mechanistic determinant of synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631</i>.
A founder mutation in Anoctamin 5 is a major cause of limb girdle muscular dystrophy (2010)

The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are a group of disorders with wide genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Recently, mutations in the ANO5 gene, which encodes a putative calcium-activated chloride channel belonging to the Anoctamin family of proteins, were identified in five families with one of two previously identified disorders, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2L and non-dysferlin Miyoshi muscular dystrophy. We screened a candidate group of 64 patients from 59 British and German kindreds and found the truncating mutation, c.191dupA in exon 5 of ANO5 in 20 patients, homozygously in 15 and in compound heterozygosity with other ANO5 variants in the rest. An intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism and an extragenic microsatellite marker are in linkage disequilibrium with the mutation, suggesting a founder effect in the Northern European population. We have further defined the clinical phenotype of ANO5-associated muscular dystrophy. Patients show adult onset proximal lower limb weakness with highly raised serum creatine kinase values (average 4500 IU/l) and frequent muscle atrophy and asymmetry of muscle involvement. Onset varies from the early 20 s to 50 s and the weakness is generally slowly progressive, with most patients remaining ambulant for several decades. Distal presentation is much less common but a milder degree of distal lower limb weakness is often observed. Upper limb strength is only mildly affected and cardiac and respiratory function is normal. Females appear less frequently affected. In the North of England population we have identified eight patients with ANO5 mutations, suggesting a minimum prevalence of 0.27/100,000, twice as common as dysferlinopathy. We suggest that mutations in ANO5 represent a relatively common cause of adult onset muscular dystrophy with high serum creatine kinase and that mutation screening, particularly of the common mutation c.191dupA, should be an early step in the diagnostic algorithm of adult limb-girdle muscular dystrophy patients.
Understanding How Ferrites Can Prevent and Eliminate RF Interference to Audio Systems (2005)

Analysis of these mechanisms shows that RF shield current is a major contributor to all of them, so eliminating or reducing shield current should be the key to eliminating the interference. Experimental work near WGN’s 50 kW AM transmitter confirmed this hypothesis. At WGN, virtually all cases of interference in both microphones and input equipment, many of them quite severe, were either eliminated or greatly reduced when a cable connecting the mic to the input gear was wound around a toroidal ferrite (Fig 1) to form an RF choke that reduces that current. Fig 1 – A toroidal ferrite choke Fig 2 – Ferrites are made in many forms To test the effectiveness of ferrite chokes in audio RFI applications, selected product samples were ordered, and a series of tests were run. Extensive laboratory work has shown that ferrite chokes make very effective RFI filters if properly applied. This Tech Topic studies the use of ferrites to eliminate RF interference to audio systems. Ferrites are ceramics consisting of various metal oxides formulated to have very high permeability. Iron, manganese, manganese zinc (MnZn), and nickel zinc (NiZn) are the most commonly used oxides. When a ferrite surrounds a conductor, the high permeability of the material provides a much easier path for magnetic flux set up by current flow in the conductor than if the wire were surrounded only by air. The short length of wire passing through the ferrite will thus see its self inductance “magnified” by the relative permeability of the ferrite. The ferrites used for suppression are soft ferrites – that is, they are not permanent magnets. Permeability is the characteristic of a material that quantifies the ease with which it supports a magnetic field. Relative permeability is the ratio of the permeability of the material to the permeability of free space. The relative permeability of non-magnetic materials like
TraPS: traffic-based packet scheduling for the cdma2000 reverse link (2004)

In this paper we evaluate the performance of a bandwidth allocation algorithm used to offer packet data services in the cdma2000 reverse link. In order to reduce interference levels and increase capacity, the proposed approach avoids the use of reverse link signaling by taking advantage of the traffic characteristics of the user applications. Capacity is defined as the number of users supported while complying with the quality-of-service requirements of the applications being serviced. The QoS attributes are the packet delay and probability of outage. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using computer simulation. It is compared with schemes that employ the access channel (ACH) to transmit requests for bandwidth. Results show that the proposed approach complies with the assumed application's QoS requirements, and outperforms the ACH based scheme by nearly doubling the system capacity.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of ribosome-inactivating protein from barley seeds (1994)

Ribosome-inactivating protein from barley seeds has been crystallized using polyethylene glycol as precipitant. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.36, b = 62.59, c = 53.18 A and beta = 108.62 degrees. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of ribosome-inactivating protein with a corresponding crystal volume per protein mass (V(m)) of 2.32 A(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 47% by volume. The crystal diffracts to about 2.3 A with X-rays from a rotating-anode source and is very stable in the X-ray beam. X-ray data (nearly complete to 2.4 A Bragg spacing) have been collected from a native crystal.
Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty: an overview of the results. (2008)

Small-incision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been shown to be safe and effective in achieving early postoperative improvements in pain and function. The comparative published reports of the two-incision, anterior, and mini-posterior techniques have defined indications for small-incision THAs. The mini-posterior approach appears to be better than the traditional posterior approach for THA in terms of early patient function and acceptance. There may be little difference among the mini-incision techniques when preoperative patient education and postoperative rehabilitation are equivalent. Correct component positioning has been consistently achieved with small-incision procedures, and short-term results are the same as those of traditional THA. The mini-posterior approach also has been shown to have psychological advantages because it allows patients to be more confident about their outcomes. New anesthesia and pain management techniques have also improved early functional results. With time and technical advances such as computer navigation, the use of minimally invasive THA will become more prevalent.
Cyclostationary Signatures in Practical Cognitive Radio Applications (2008)

We define a cyclostationary signature as a feature which may be intentionally embedded in a digital communications signal, detected through cyclostationary analysis and used as a unique identifier. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how cyclostationary signatures can be exploited to overcome a number of the challenges associated with network coordination in emerging cognitive radio applications and spectrum sharing regimes. In particular we show their uses for signal detection, network identification and rendezvous and discuss these in the context of dynamic spectrum access. We present a theoretical discussion followed by application-oriented examples of the cyclostationary signatures used in practical cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum usage scenarios. We focus on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based systems and present an analysis of a transceiver implementation employing these techniques developed on a cognitive radio test platform.
Surface Characteristics of a Self-Polymerized Dopamine Coating Deposited on Hydrophobic Polymer Films (2011)

This study aims to explore the fundamental surface characteristics of polydopamine (pDA)-coated hydrophobic polymer films. A poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film was surface modified by dip coating in an aqueous solution of dopamine on the basis of its self-polymerization and strong adhesion feature. The self-polymerization and deposition rates of dopamine on film surfaces increased with increasing temperature as evaluated by both spectroscopic ellipsometry and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Changes in the surface morphologies of pDA-coated films as well as the size and shape of pDA particles in the solution were also investigated by SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface roughness and surface free energy of pDA-modified films were mainly affected by the reaction temperature and showed only a slight dependence on the reaction time and concentration of the dopamine solution. Additionally, three other typical hydrophobic polymer films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyimide (PI) were also modified by the same procedure. The lyophilicity (liquid affinity) and surface free energy of these polymer films were enhanced significantly after being coated with pDA, as were those of PVDF films. It is indicated that the deposition behavior of pDA is not strongly dependent on the nature of the substrates. This information provides us with not only a better understanding of biologically inspired surface chemistry for pDA coatings but also effective strategies for exploiting the properties of dopamine to create novel functional polymer materials.
Sequence-aware Recommender Systems (2018)

The majority of research works in the field of collaborative filtering recommender systems is based on the assumption that the input to the recommendation algorithms is a matrix containing user-item interactions. In reality, however, the input often is a sequence of various types of user-item interactions that are recorded over time and where we can have multiple data points per user-item pair. These sequential logs contain a variety of useful information that can be leveraged in the recommendation process, e.g., to predict the immediate next action of a user or to detect short-term trends in the community. In this tutorial we review what we call sequence-aware recommenders, i.e., approaches that aim to exploit the information in sequential interaction logs for a variety of different purposes. We in particular focus on sequential and session-based recommendation techniques and discuss algorithmic proposals as well as evaluation challenges.
Prevention of Diabetic Neuropathy by Regulatable Expression of HSV-Mediated Erythropoietin (2010)

Previous studies have demonstrated that gene transfer of genes coding for neurotrophic factors to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) using nonreplicating herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based vectors injected subcutaneously can prevent the progression of diabetic neuropathy. Because prolonged expression of neurotrophic factors could potentially have unwanted adverse effects, we constructed a nonreplicating HSV vector, vHrtEPO, to express erythropoietin (EPO) under the control of a tetracycline response element (TRE)-minimal cytomegalovirus (CMV) fusion promoter. Primary DRG neurons in culture infected with vHrtEPO express and release EPO in response to exposure to doxycycline (DOX). Animals infected with vHrtEPO by footpad inoculation demonstrated regulated expression of EPO in DRG under the control of DOX administered by gavage. Mice rendered diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (STZ), inoculated with vHrtEPO, and treated with DOX 4 days out of 7 each week for 4 weeks were protected against the development of diabetic neuropathy as assessed by electrophysiologic and behavioral measures. These studies indicate that intermittent expression of EPO in DRG achieved from a regulatable vector is sufficient to protect against the progression of neuropathy in diabetic animals, and provides proof-of-principle preclinical evidence for the development of such vectors for clinical trial.
Quinone Hemiacetal Formation from Protocatechuic Acid during the DPPH Radical Scavenging Reaction (2003)

Protocatechuic acid was rapidly converted to protocatechuquinone 3-methyl hemiacetal and protocatechuquinone during the reaction with DPPH radical in methanol. The structure of the acetal was determined by comparing the NMR data with those of an authentic compound prepared by (diacetoxy)iodobenzene oxidation of protocatechuic acid.
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication In Vivo (2005)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a key role in innate immunity. To examine the ability of diverse TLRs to modulate hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, HBV transgenic mice received a single intravenous injection of ligands specific for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9. All of the ligands except for TLR2 inhibited HBV replication in the liver noncytopathically within 24 h in a alpha/beta interferon-dependent manner. The ability of these TLR ligands to induce antiviral cytokines at the site of HBV replication suggests that TLR activation could represent a powerful and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
The Administration and Dosage of Drugs to Budgerigars (1965)

Abstract— The administration of drugs to budgerigars is discussed with particular reference to the parenteral route using microlitre syringes. Calculation of the therapeutic dose is based on published work and personal experience. The use of graphs to estimate dosage rates is suggested. Résumé— La question de l'administration de drogues aux perruches est discutée en faisant des références particulières à la route parenterale eri employant des seringues microlitres. Le calcul de la dose thérapeutique est basé sur des oeuvres publicées ainsi que sur une expérience personnelle. L'on suggère l'emploi de graphiques pour en estimer les taux de dosage. Zusammenfassung— Das Einspritzen von Wellensittichen mit Drogen wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des parenteralen Weges bei Benutzung von Mikroliter‐Spritzen behandelt. Die Schätzung der therapeutischen Dosis stützt sich auf veröffentlichte Arbeiten und persönliche Erfahrung. Die Verwendung von graphischen Darstellungen zur Schätzung der Dosis wird empfohlen.
Application of negative ion MS/MS to the identification of <i>N</i>‐glycans released from carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) (2008)

Structures of N-glycans released from rat CEACAM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney cells were determined by MALDI and negative ion nanospray MS/MS techniques. The major carbohydrates were bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary complex glycans with and without sialic acid, fucose and bisecting GlcNAc residues. High-mannose glycans, predominantly Man(5)GlcNAc(2), were also found. The negative ion fragmentation technique easily identified the branching pattern of the triantennary glycans (mainly branched on the 6-antenna) and the presence of 'bisecting' GlcNAc residues (attached to the 4-position of the core mannose), features that are difficult to determine by traditional techniques. Sialic acids were in both alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 linkage as determined by MALDI-TOF MS following linkage-specific derivatization.
Non-scan design-for-testability techniques for sequential circuits (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Non-scan design-for-testability techniques for sequential circuits Authors: Vivek Chickermane View Profile , Elizabeth M. Rudnick View Profile , Prithviraj Banerjee View Profile , Janak H. Patel View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 236–241https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164686Published:01 July 1993Publication History 49citation329DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations49Total Downloads329Last 12 Months43Last 6 weeks19 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Werkstoffprüfung (1972)

ZusammenfassungDie Werkstoffeigenschaften lassen sich aus dem Ergebnis von Werkstoffprüfungen herleiten. Neben der chemischen Untersuchung der Werkstoffzusammensetzung spielen dabei folgende Verfahren eine Rolle (die Verfahren werden nur kurz skizziert):
Entity Identification on the Semantic Web. (2008)

In the core of every information integration and data exchange effort lies the ability to identify whether two pieces of information refer to the same real world entity. This ability is of paramount importance for all those applications and systems currently operating in the highly heterogeneous web environment. Research in data management has long ago exploited features like keys or schema constraints for dealing with that issue, but the web reality has brought new challenges. In this work we survey a number of entity disambiguation and identification techniques and tools that can be used in semantic web applications and more specifically, into an entity management system for the semantic web.