gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation into the Performance of Membrane Separator Technologies used in the International Space Station Regenerative Life Support Systems: Results and Lessons Learned (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Volatile Removal Assembly Flight Experiment (VRAFE) was performed in May of 1999, on board Shuttle Flight STS-96 to support the development of the International Space Station (ISS) Water Recovery System (WRS). The objective of this experiment was to address concerns in the performance of a two-phase, catalytic reactor in a microgravity environment. During the experiment, an unexpected finding was discovered when the VRAFE Gas/Liquid Separator (GLS) failed to separate gas from the reactor outlet stream. The VRAFE GLS was a two-membrane (flat sheet hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane) gas trap. Flight data as well as the post-flight failure investigation determined that the GLS hydrophobic membrane failed as a result of very fine hydrophilic catalyst particles from the VRAFE reactor that had contaminated the surface of the hydrophobic membrane. These particles allowed a water layer to wick across the surface of the hydrophobic membrane and effectively block the pores from passing gas. Microgravity magnified the failure effect since there was no gravity to free drain the water layer from the hydrophobic membrane.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Though this GLS design was not the VRA flight design, a hydrophobic membrane separator is used in the VRA and other membrane separators are used throughout the ISS life support systems. As a result of the GLS failure, an assessment of all the membrane separators in the water recycling and oxygen generation systems was performed to determine if membrane separation was acceptable in each application. This paper summarizes the results and lessons learned from this investigation.</div>
Predicting the Nuclear Localization Signals of 107 Types of HPV L1 Proteins by Bioinformatic Analysis (2006)

在这研究， L1 蛋白质定序的人的乳头状瘤病毒(HPV ) 的 107 种类型从可得到的数据库，和这些 HPV L1 蛋白质的原子本地化信号(NLS ) 被获得被生物信息的分析分析并且预言。从 107 种类型， 39 种类型的 NLS 被 PredictNLS 软件(由两部组成的 NLS 的 35 种类型和单音的深裂的 NLS 的 4 种类型) 预言。留下的 HPV 类型的 NLS 象 NLS 的一般规则一样根据特征和已经预言的 NLS 的相同被预言。根据结果， HPV L1 蛋白质的 107 种类型的 NLS 被分类进 15 个范畴。在一样的 NLS 范畴的 HPV L1 蛋白质的不同类型能分享类似或一样的 nucleocytoplasmic 运输小径。他们可能被用作一样的目标阻止并且对待 HPV 感染的不同类型。结果也证明生物信息的技术能被用来分析并且预言蛋白质的 NLS。
Membrane formation mechanism of cross-linked polyurea microcapsules by phase separation method (2004)

This research was conducted to clarify the membrane formation mechanism of cross-linked polyurea microcapsules by phase separation method, especially the role of polymeric surfactant, such as poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (poly(E-MA)) at the interface of O/W emulsion. It was found that poly(E-MA) was necessary for the formation of cross-linked polyurea membrane. The addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) prohibited the membrane formation reaction at the interface, even in the case of poly(E-MA) concentration enough for polymeric microcapsule formation. From the results in this study, poly(E-MA) was found to be adsorbed on the O/W emulsion and provide the reaction site for the membrane formation of polymeric microcapsules.
Reynolds-Averaged Turbulence Modeling Using Type I and Type II Machine Learning Frameworks with Deep Learning (2018)

Deep learning (DL)-based Reynolds stress with its capability to leverage values of large data can be used to close Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stoke (RANS) equations. Type I and Type II machine learning (ML) frameworks are studied to investigate data and flow feature requirements while training DL-based Reynolds stress. The paper presents a method, flow features coverage mapping (FFCM), to quantify the physics coverage of DL-based closures that can be used to examine the sufficiency of training data points as well as input flow features for data-driven turbulence models. Three case studies are formulated to demonstrate the properties of Type I and Type II ML. The first case indicates that errors of RANS equations with DL-based Reynolds stress by Type I ML are accumulated along with the simulation time when training data do not sufficiently cover transient details. The second case uses Type I ML to show that DL can figure out time history of flow transients from data sampled at various times. The case study also shows that the necessary and sufficient flow features of DL-based closures are first-order spatial derivatives of velocity fields. The last case demonstrates the limitation of Type II ML for unsteady flow simulation. Type II ML requires initial conditions to be sufficiently close to reference data. Then reference data can be used to improve RANS simulation.
Control and design of the spherical pointing motor (2002)

A miniature pan-tilt actuator, the spherical pointing motor (SPM) has been built. The SPM is an absolute positioning device, designed to orient a small camera sensor in two degrees-of-rotational-freedom. It is 4 cm*5 cm*6 cm and weighs 160 g. The operating principle of the SPM is to orient a permanent magnet to the magnetic field induced by three orthogonal coils by applying the appropriate ratio of currents to the coils. The open-loop control and design of the SPM are described. Physical characteristics and velocity measurements of the prototype are reported. The SPM is modeled with a simple second order system. Without control, it oscillates substantially when a single impulse is applied. By applying a second impulse without feedback, the oscillation can be reduced by as much as a factor of ten.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequence based polymorphic (SBP) marker technology for targeted genomic regions: its application in generating a molecular map of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome (2012)

The SBP marker technology described here allowed the development of molecular markers for targeted genomic regions of Arabidopsis. It should facilitate isolation of co-dominant molecular markers for targeted genomic regions of any animal or plant species, whose genomic sequences have been assembled. This technology will particularly facilitate the development of high density molecular marker maps, essential for cloning genes based on their genetic map positions and identifying tightly linked molecular markers for selecting desirable genotypes in animal and plant breeding experiments.
Successful Reduction of Immunosuppression in Older Renal Transplant Recipients Who Exhibit Donor-Specific Regulation (2009)

DSR before steroid withdrawal may identify a subset of transplant patients who could benefit from reduction of immunosuppression without elevated risk of rejection or deteriorating renal function.
Die Kristallstruktur von Ammonium‐, Kalium‐, Rubidium‐ und Cäsiumstannibromid (1937)

Abstract Die Röntgenanalyse von (NH 4 ) 2 SnBr 6 , K 2 SnBr 6 , Rb 2 SnBr 6 , und Cs 2 SnBr 6 ergab, dass die Kristallstruktur dieser Komplexverbindungen dem bekannten K 2 PtCl 6 ‐Typus angehören.
Effects of varying pulse parameters on ion homeostasis, cellular integrity, and force following electroporation of rat muscle in vivo (2010)

Electroporation is a technique used in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo to permeabilize cell membranes. The effect on the tissue describes a continuum ranging from mild perturbations to massive tissue damage. Thus care should be taken when choosing pulses for a given application. Here the effects of electroporation paradigms ranging from severe to very gentle permeabilization were investigated on soleus, mainly composed of slow-twitch fibers, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA), almost exclusively composed of fast-twitch fibers. Five key physiological parameters were studied: force, muscle Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) content, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity. Four-week-old Wistar rats were anesthetized, and the lower part of the hind leg was electroporated. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein, and at the times indicated animals were killed and TA, EDL, and soleus muscles were collected for analysis of force and ion contents. Muscles were given eight high-voltage pulses of 100-mus duration (8HV) at varying field intensity, one short high-voltage pulse combined with one long low-voltage pulse (HVLV), or eight medium-voltage pulses of 20-ms duration (8MV). Intensity of the electrical field strength was determinant for the degree of changes observed in the muscle. Field strengths below 300 V/cm did not give rise to measurable changes, whereas 8HV pulses at high field intensities (1,200 V/cm) caused severe and long-lasting damage to the muscle. Interestingly, the damage was more pronounced in EDL and TA compared with soleus, possibly because of the difference in fiber type composition. HVLV only caused temporary changes, with force and ion content being normalized by 4 h, suggesting that this pulse combination may be useful for the introduction of ions and molecules (e.g., DNA) into muscle cells.
Tropism of AAV-2 vectors for neurons of the globus pallidus (2000)

A recombinant AAV-2 vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter was injected into the striatum at varying antero-posterior coordinates. When the virus was delivered to the anterior part of the striatum, transduction efficiency was low and limited to the vicinity of the needle tract. In contrast, after injection into the posterior part of the striatum, in addition to a localized transduced area in the striatum, efficient and widespread transduction was observed at distance from the injection site, in the globus pallidus. In the latter case, labelled cells were also detected in the internal capsule and in the stria terminalis. The number of transduced cells in the striatum increased up to I month and then decreased whereas in the globus pallidus, transduction was maximal as early as 2 weeks post-injection. In the striatum and in the globus pallidus, the labelled cells had a neuron-like morphology. In contrast, in the internal capsule, labelled cells had a glial-like morphology.
This what you call music (1994)

The frequency of joint involvement is described in 102 patients seen within one year of onset of rheumatoid arthritis. The joints most commonly affected were metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and wrists, followed by metatarsophalangeal and shoulders. The least commonly affected were the hips and spine. Temporomandibular and cervical spine involvement often occurred even in these early stages. Where there was unilateral involvement of corresponding joints there was a marked tendency for one side of the body to be more often affected. The arthritis was predominantly peripheral. There was a marked gradation of frequency in the small joints of the hands. The patients were followed prospectively for a mean 4.5 years and outcome assessed. An eventually more severe disease was associated with early writst and metatarsophalangeal joint involvement.
Impact of SIB Scheduling on the Standby Battery Life of Mobile Devices in UMTS (2007)

The UMTS standard for third generation wireless communications specifies several parameters that play a role in the tradeoff between the performance and the battery life of mobile devices. There are also other, non-standardized, implementation-specific mechanisms that affect both the performance as well as the battery life. In this paper, we focus on the scheduling of system information blocks (SIB) broadcasts on the network side and the inter-SIB sleep management on the mobile device side. We analyze the impact of these mechanisms on the standby battery life of mobile devices in three commercial networks.
Thermodynamics of acid-base equilibria. m-and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of acid-base equilibria. m-and p-hydroxybenzaldehydeCharles L. Liotta, Kenneth H. Leavell, and Donald F. Smith Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 9, 3091–3092Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100868a064https://doi.org/10.1021/j100868a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tumor inhibitors. 122. The maytansinoids. Isolation, structural elucidation, and chemical interrelation of novel ansa macrolides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTumor inhibitors. 122. The maytansinoids. Isolation, structural elucidation, and chemical interrelation of novel ansa macrolidesS. M. Kupchan, Yasuo Komoda, Alan R. Branfman, Albert T. Sneden, William A. Court, Gareth J. Thomas, H. P. J. Hintz, Roger M. Smith, Aziz Karim, and Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 14, 2349–2357Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00434a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00434a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views675Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantifying Security Risk by Critical Network Vulnerabilities Assessment (2016)

Network vulnerability is the weaknesses in the network configuration that inadvertently allows dangerous operations and poses serious security threats. An attacker can exploit these vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to the system. Hence, detection and remediation of network vulnerabilities is critical for network security. This paper proposed method for effective risk level estimation by using a new introduced metric, the Hazard Metric (HM) which identifies the probability of attacks in user environments. As in network environment the number of attacks scenario increases, there is higher probability of compromising a target and thus the overall security of the network reduces. Thus, there is a need for quantification of security level of a specific network. The HM measures the probability of successful exploits by estimation of impact and likelihood of the attacks, which is to quantify the degree of security strength against vulnerability exploit in a network system. The proposed method prioritizes the mitigation of discovered vulnerabilities according to their risk levels. The methodology is tested in Vikram University Ujjain, India's network environment. The results represent the system trustworthiness.
Celecoxib Can Prevent Tumor Growth and Distant Metastasis in Postoperative Setting (2004)

Much evidence suggests that an inflammatory condition provides a microenvironment favorable for tumor growth. One of the main components in the healing wound is the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins, and many solid tumors have been known to overexpress COX-2. The present study investigated the relationship between surgical wounds and tumor growth and the roles of COX-2 and inflammatory reaction in this microenvironment. We created surgical wounds in syngeneic mice for the implantation of SCC VII murine cancer cell line. Accelerated tumor growth and increased angiogenesis by surgical wounds were clearly observed in C3H/HeJ mice with SCC VII tumor. The COX-2 expression of peritumoral tissues and leukocyte infiltration partly explained the accelerated tumor growth, especially in the early phase after surgical wounding. Celecoxib had a significantly suppressive effect on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in tumor-implanted mice with surgical wounds. This tumor-suppressive action of celecoxib did not show any noticeable side effects on the late wound healing and on the gastrointestinal tracts. Prophylactic use of the drug can be advocated in many clinical situations, such as residual tumors or contamination of surgical fields by tumor cells.
<i>ramosa2</i> Encodes a LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY Domain Protein That Determines the Fate of Stem Cells in Branch Meristems of Maize (2006)

Genetic control of grass inflorescence architecture is critical given that cereal seeds provide most of the world's food. Seeds are borne on axillary branches, which arise from groups of stem cells in axils of leaves and whose branching patterns dictate most of the variation in plant form. Normal maize (Zea mays) ears are unbranched, and tassels have long branches only at their base. The ramosa2 (ra2) mutant of maize has increased branching with short branches replaced by long, indeterminate ones. ra2 was cloned by chromosome walking and shown to encode a LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY domain transcription factor. ra2 is transiently expressed in a group of cells that predicts the position of axillary meristem formation in inflorescences. Expression in different mutant backgrounds places ra2 upstream of other genes that regulate branch formation. The early expression of ra2 suggests that it functions in the patterning of stem cells in axillary meristems. Alignment of ra2-like sequences reveals a grass-specific domain in the C terminus that is not found in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ra2-dm allele suggests this domain is required for transcriptional activation of ra1. The ra2 expression pattern is conserved in rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and maize, suggesting that ra2 is critical for shaping the initial steps of grass inflorescence architecture.
ANDES: Statistical tools for the ANalyses of DEep Sequencing (2010)

As new sequencing technologies evolve, deep sequencing will become increasingly cost-efficient and the inter and intra-sample comparisons of largely homogeneous sequences will become more common. We have provided a software package and demonstrated its application on various empirically-derived datasets. Investigators may download the software from Sourceforge at https://sourceforge.net/projects/andestools.
Weakly secure regenerating codes for distributed storage (2014)

We consider the problem of securing distributed storage systems (DSS) against an eavesdropper Eve that can observe any subset of nodes of bounded size. The goal is to construct a weakly secure DSS that leaks no meaningful information to Eve. More specifically, Eve should not be able to get any information about any individual data file or a small group of files. The key benefit of the weak security paradigm is that it incurs no loss in the storage capacity, which makes it practically appealing. In this paper, we present an explicit construction of a coset coding based outer code to weakly secure a Product-Matrix framework based Minimum Bandwidth Regenerating code (proposed by Rashmi et al.). The proposed scheme is weakly secure against an eavesdropper that can observe any single storage node, even when it has side-information about any g files. We show that the proposed construction has good security properties in terms of the amount of side-information g that Eve can possess, and it requires a small finite field size.
Steroids with Double Bonds between Quaternary Carbon Atoms. I. The Oxidation of α-Ergostenyl Acetate (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids with Double Bonds between Quaternary Carbon Atoms. I. The Oxidation of α-Ergostenyl AcetateHomer E. Stavely and G. Norris BollenbackCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 7, 1285–1289Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01247a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01247a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Method for Multi-dimensional Operation Interface Using Eye Location Detection (2007)

Computer user interface methods that utilize the user's gazes have been investigated recently.Thesemethods may enable us to operate computers without using a mouse,and improve the accessibility of computersfor users having disabilities on their hands.However,those methods using gazes also have a difficulty,because eyemovements often include involuntary ones and the users need to concentrate on controlling their eye movement.We propose a user-interface system that enables the user to control a computer without needing to use any point-ing devices.We discuss a way of detecting the three-dimensional eye locations using first Purkinje images,whichare images reflected on the eyes' corneal surfaces.Furthermore,we also demonstrate a prototype system that uti-lizes this eye location detection method and enables the user to operate commercial applications with only usingfacial movements and without a mouse.Finally,we present our experimental results and evaluate this method.
Inhibition of coagulation and inflammation by activated protein C or antithrombin reduces intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats (2004)

Administration of activated protein C or antithrombin inhibited local and systemic derangement of coagulation and inflammation following intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, diminished mucosal fibrin deposition, and attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury. These observations suggest that activated protein C or antithrombin reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury, both through their anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects.