gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the security of logic encryption algorithms (2015)

Contemporary integrated circuits are designed and manufactured in a globalized environment leading to concerns of piracy, overproduction and counterfeiting. One class of techniques to combat these threats is logic encryption. Logic encryption modifies an IC design such that it operates correctly only when a set of newly introduced inputs, called key inputs, are set to the correct values. In this paper, we use algorithms based on satisfiability checking (SAT) to investigate the security of logic encryption. We present a SAT-based algorithm which allows an attacker to “decrypt” an encrypted netlist using a small number of carefully-selected input patterns and their corresponding output observations. We also present a “partial-break” algorithm that can reveal some of the key inputs even when the attack is not fully successful. We conduct a thorough evaluation of our attack by examining six proposals for logic encryption from the literature. We find that all of these are vulnerable to our attack. Among the 441 encrypted circuits we examined, we were able to decrypt 418 (95%). We discuss the strengths and limitations of our attack and suggest directions that may lead to improved logic encryption algorithms.
Multi-dimensional storage virtualization (2004)

Most state-of-the-art commercial storage virtualization systems focus only on one particular storage attribute, capacity. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a multi-dimensional storage virtualization system called Stonehenge, which is able to virtualize a cluster-based physical storage system along multiple dimensions, including bandwidth, capacity, and latency. As a result, Stonehenge is able to multiplex multiple virtual disks, each with a distinct bandwidth, capacity, and latency attribute, on a single physical storage system as if they are separate physical disks. A key enabling technology for Stonehenge is an efficiency-aware real-time disk scheduling algorithm called dual-queue disk scheduling, which maximizes disk utilization efficiency while providing Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. To optimize disk utilization efficiency, Stonehenge exploits run-time measurements extensively, for admission control, computing latency-derived bandwidth requirement, and predicting disk service time.
Swelling of cotton in alkalis and acids (1969)

Abstract A study of the swelling of Acala 4‐42 cotton in aqueous alkalis and acids has been carried out. The degree of swelling of the cotton in the reagents has been indicated by measurement of the variations in width of the cotton at its widest point. The nature of the swelling process whether interfibrillar or intrafibrillar has been deduced from microscopical and x‐ray evidence. It has been shown that a similarity of shape of the swelling curves, i.e., an equal degree of swelling in the same or other reagents, does not imply the same mechanism of swelling. The results are more readily explained in terms of the crystalline‐fibril theory than by the fringe‐micellar theory, especially when high degrees of swelling have been achieved.
Exploring competency requirements towards superior managerial performance: A theoretical construct (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to identify the broad work-based competencies for executives, required to carry out a particular job as well as to distinguish superior from average performers. The paper reviews the employee-based competencies and parameters in existing literature which explains the factors essential to improve efficiency and effectiveness of management executives in translating corporate values into meaningful performance objectives. This research revealed essential competency parameters which aids in driving individual and organizational performance. The paper improves understanding of the different competency parameters which are to be utilized to enhance the performance of executives in an organizational setup.
Magnetic resonance imaging of temperature changes during interstitial microwave heating: A phantom study (1997)

Changes in magnetic resonance (MR) signals during interstitial microwave heating are reported, and correlated with simultaneously acquired temperature readings from three fiber-optic probes implanted in a polyacrylamide gel phantom. The heating by a MR-compatible microwave antenna did not interfere with simultaneous MR image data acquisition. MR phase-difference images were obtained using a fast two-dimensional-gradient echo sequence. From these images the temperature-sensitive resonant frequency of the 1H nuclei was found to decrease approximately by 0.008 ppm/ degree C. The method and results presented here demonstrate that noninvasive MR-temperature imaging can be performed simultaneously with interstitial microwave thermal treatment.
<i>Salvia divinorum</i>and the Unique Diterpene Hallucinogen, Salvinorin (Divinorin) A (1994)

Salvia divinorum is a vision-inducing mint used by the Mazatec people of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is grown in California and other parts of the United States where it is employed as a legal hallucinogen. Traditional opinion has been that the plant has mild psychotropic activity, at best. However, when ingested in the correct manner, it is quite powerful. The fresh leaves are chewed as a quid and kept in the mouth. They may also be eaten raw or prepared as an aqueous infusion. When dried, they are smoked in the manner of marijuana. The neoclerodane diterpene, salvinorin A (also known as divinorin A), has been demonstrated in animals and humans to be its major active ingredient. Essentially inactive if taken orally, the compound is effective in doses of 200 to 500 mcg when smoked in a manner similar to cocaine free base. This makes salvinorin A the first documented diterpene hallucinogen and the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen thus far isolated. This is somewhat remarkable, since the compound is not an alkaloid. This article reviews the use of S. divinorum and its chemistry. In addition, it discusses the effects of the plant and salvinorin A in animals and humans, as well as their potential to become drugs of abuse.
Scalably synthesized environmentally benign, aqueous-based binary nanoparticle inks for Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> photovoltaic cells achieving over 9% efficiency (2017)

We report a scalable method for producing efficient Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> photovoltaic cells by combining binary metal sulfide nanoparticles synthesized in aqueous solutions.
User interface transfer for driver information systems (2011)

At present, devices are establishing themselves on the mobile device market which permit personalization and expansion by means of applications. These applications are increasingly also expected in the vehicle. In contrast to mobile devices, an expandable system in the vehicle is subject to special requirements. These are discussed in this publication and existing approaches are evaluated with regard to the requirements. In this case, outplacing subsequent applications to a smartphone or web server is identified as the best solution. For user interface (UI) integration to the driver information system, final user interface descriptions are identified as a good compromise between complexity and reusability. An improved approach for UI transfer with final UI descriptions using HTML is presented. Compared to existing concepts, this achieves an improvement in the form of graphical quality, response behaviour, reusability and complexity. A prototype implementation makes it clear that a series production system can be subsequently expanded with applications that cannot be distinguished from the basic functions of the driver information system in terms of graphical quality and response behaviour.
Web Page Classification Using RNN (2019)

Web page classification is an information retrieval application that provides useful information that can be a basis for many different application domains. In this study, a deep learning-based system has been developed for the classification of web pages. The meta tag information contained in the web page is used to classify a web page. The meta tags used are title, description and keywords. RNN based deep learning architecture was used during the tests. Transfer learning is the name given to the approach to building a machine learning model with the use of pre-trained parameters to solve a problem. The effect of using transfer learning on the system has also been examined. According to the results obtained, success rate of web page classification system is approximately 85%. It is not observed that transfer learning has significant contribution to the success rates. However, the use of transfer learning has reduced the consumed system resources.
Polyamines Increase Antibiotic Susceptibility in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2006)

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen. Treatment is complicated by frequent acquired resistance to antipseudomonal therapies. Polyamines (cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are ubiquitous polycationic compounds essential for all living organisms. In a dose-dependent manner, polyamines increased the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to 14 β-lactam antibiotics, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim as demonstrated by a reduction in MIC of up to 64-fold. This effect was partially antagonized (25 to 50%) by the presence of 10 mM of Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ . In contrast, the effects of the outer membrane permeabilizers, polymyxin B nonapeptide and EDTA, were completely abolished by 3 mM Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ . Changes on the outer membrane barrier by these compounds were assessed by activity measurements of periplasmic β-lactamase. The results showed that while EDTA and polymyxin B serve as outer membrane disorganizing agents as expected, exogenous spermidine and spermine did not exhibit any apparent effect on outer membrane permeability or rupture. In summary, these results strongly suggest that the increased antibiotic susceptibility by polyamines is exerted by a mechanism that differs from that of EDTA and polymyxin B. Polyamines might be potentially useful in antipseudomonal therapies by increasing the effectiveness of certain β-lactam antibiotics.
Comicellization of Diblock and Triblock Copolymers in Selective Solvents (2003)

Comicellization of a diblock block copolymer polystyrene-block-hydrogenated polyisoprene, PS−HPI (Mw 1.05 × 105 g mol-1, the weight fraction of styrene wPS 0.34), and triblock copolymer polystyrene-block-hydrogenated polybutadiene-block-polystyrene, PS−HPB−PS (Mw 7.0 × 104 g mol-1, wPS 0.28), in selective solvents was investigated by static and dynamic light scattering methods at 25−70 °C. Decane was a selective solvent for HPI and HPB blocks and 1,4-dioxane for PS blocks. HPI and HPB blocks are incompatible. Only the diblock copolymer formed micelles in decane while the triblock was molecularly dissolved at low concentrations and the measurement temperatures. Both the copolymers formed micelles of different sizes in 1,4-dioxane solutions. Comicellization was observed at all weight fraction of PS−HPB−PS, X, in solutions of copolymer mixtures in both solvents. In contrast to mixtures of chemically identical diblock copolymers with different molecular weights of the constituent blocks in selective solvents, small changes of micellar parameters resulting from comicellization were found in the copolymer mixtures under study. This is due to different constitution of the copolymers and their partial incompatibility. The X dependence of the molecular weight and size of comicelles in decane at low values of X was successfully described by adsorption of the PS−HPB−PS copolymers on micelles of the PS−HPI copolymer. The large PS−HPI copolymers were accommodated in small micelles of the PS−HPB−PS copolymer in 1,4-dioxane solutions with an excess of the PS−HPI.
Vapor barrier films (1992)

Heat-sealable commercially-produced laminate films that are extremely good barriers against water vapor and oxygen are presented. Some include an aluminum foil layer, others are made entirely of transparent materials. Typical structures, performance characteristics, how to heat-seal the films, and where to obtain the films are discussed. Use of the films to control air pollution inside display cases by wrapping case fittings is presented. Use of the film to maintain relative humidity in a closed area, such as an exhibit case or packing container, is reported. A special section discusses recent experimental work to make custom bags from the laminate films for insect-infested artifacts to permit the extermination of insects by creating and maintaining a low-oxygen atmosphere inside the bag. Products discussed include Marvelseal 360, Marvelseal 1177, Film-O-Rap FR 7750, Film-O-Rap FR 3300, Foil-O-Rap 2172. Includes list of suppliers.
A Novel Method for Direct Construction of Indole Skeletons by Intramolecular Carbopalladation of Allenes Followed by Nucleophilic Substitution (2001)

Upon treatment with a palladium catalyst, (o-iodoanilinoalkyl)allene compounds undergo intramolecular carbopalladation of allenes followed by intramolecular amination of π-allylpalladium complexes to afford indole derivatives in fairly good yields.
Dermasterias imbricata trypsin 1: an enzyme which rapidly hydrolyzes the reactive-site peptide bonds of protein trypsin inhibitors (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDermasterias imbricata trypsin 1: an enzyme which rapidly hydrolyzes the reactive-site peptide bonds of protein trypsin inhibitorsDavid A. Estell and Michael Laskowski, Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 1, 124–131Publication Date (Print):January 8, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00542a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00542a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IB‐MECA and Cardioprotection (2006)

ABSTRACT The adenosine A 3 receptor plays an important role in ischemic preconditioning. Activation of the adenosine A 3 receptor with its agonists induces both early and late pharmacological preconditioning through various mechanisms. As the first potent and selective adenosine A 3 receptor agonist, IB‐MECA (N 6 ‐(3‐iodobenzyl)‐adenosine‐5′‐N‐methylcarboxamide) has been demonstrated to induce cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury when given before onset of ischemia by triggering pharmacological preconditioning. More importantly, IB‐MECA can also protect the heart even when administered at the onset of reperfusion after ischemia, indicating a strong likelihood that the drug may be useful for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, since IB‐MECA has been reported to have lethal effects at higher concentrations, and may cause systemic hypertension in some species, further studies are needed to find the best treatment strategy to increase its therapeutic potential.
Magnetic, magneto-optic, and transport properties of Tb-doped EuS films (1991)

Films of EuS have been doped with up to 34-at. % Tb by coevaporation. From lattice constant measurements we conclude that the films are defect rocksalt structure solid solutions with the general formula Eu1−xTbxS1−y⧠y, where ⧠ represents a vacancy. The magnetic properties change drastically between undoped films and the Tb substituted samples. The Curie point increases from 20 to about 135 K and the coercivity increases from 60 Oe to about 4 kOe in the x=0.34 sample. Our measurements indicate an increase in RKKY exchange because of the higher carrier concentration caused by Tb doping. The increased carrier density causes a decrease in resistivity of at least two orders of magnitude to about 10−3 Ω cm, the same order of magnitude as reported for bulk solid solutions of EuS-GdS. The peaks in the magneto-optic Kerr spectrum of EuS at about 2 eV are decreased in amplitude, broadened and shifted in energy with Tb doping.
Dipole Moment Studies. III. The Dipole Moments of the Methylamine Boranes (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDipole Moment Studies. III. The Dipole Moments of the Methylamine BoranesJ. Richard Weaver and R. W. ParryCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 5, 713–718Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50039a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (661 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Deviation-free Bragg cell frequency-shifting (1981)

A method is described of applying a variable frequency-shift to a laser beam, by means of Bragg cells, in which the direction of the output diffracted beam is unaffected by the magnitude of the applied shift. Applications of the technique to reference-beam and Doppler-difference forms of laser anemometry are discussed together with methods of obtaining increased dynamic range.
Observaciones multirrango de estrellas de neutrones y agujeros negros con los telescopios magic./multiwavelength observations of neutron stars and black holes with the magic telescope (2020)

The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes) telescope system consists of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located at La Palma island ? Spain, aiming to explore violent processes in the universe by means of Very High Energy (VHE) gamma rays. Its high detection sensitivity and time resolution enable detailed spectral studies of VHE gamma ray sources. Additionally, the MAGIC II camera is also equipped with a dedicated readout channel, enabling MAGIC to observe also in the visible band at faster speed than conventional optical telescopes equipped with Charge-Coupled Device (CCD). One of the general goals of MAGIC is the study of fast transients in the gamma-ray and optical band, exploiting the unique capabilities of the instrument. Specifically for this work, the ability of MAGIC to collect simultaneously both visible and gamma-ray data makes it a competitive instrument during multiwavelength observation campaigns that search for signals coming from neutron stars and black holes across the electromagnetic spectrum. 
This thesis consists of four major works: 1) The study of MAGIC?s sensitivity to millisecond optical pulses, 2) MAGIC?s multiwavelength observation of the first repeating Fast Radio Burst (FRB) FRB 121102, 3) MAGIC?s multiwavelength observation of the recently discovered black hole MAXI J1820+070, and 4) MAGIC?s deep observation of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232. The conclusions to these works, respectively, are: 1) MAGIC?s Central Pixel is sensitive to the optical pulses that last for several milliseconds, both in the periodic and isolated cases. A variety of background and science cases are also explored using this device; 2) Five radio pulses were detected by the Arecibo radio telescopes during the observation, but MAGIC detected no gamma-ray emission from the repeating FRB 121102. In the optical band, we found an optical pulse arriving ~4 seconds before one of the radio pulses observed. This optical event could not be unambiguously associated with a radio burst; 3) No gamma-ray emission was detected from MAXI J1820+070, but we detected a hint of a significant optical activities from the same object; 4) MAGIC detected neither steady nor pulsed gamma-ray emission from the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232. However, MAGIC observed steady gamma-ray emission from the blazar 3C66A/B in the field of view during the observation.
Fast and accurate model for optimal color computation (2010)

A fast and accurate model to compute optimal colors under a given illuminant is introduced. The model estimates the reflectance (transmittance) distributions of optimal colors, which is bandpass (Type 1) or bandstop (Type 2), at a given luminance factor with user-specified small tolerances for the bandwidth (e.g., 10(-10) nm). The tristimulus values of the optimal colors are obtained by using trapezoidal integration of the product of color-matching functions and illuminant spectrums sampled with small wavelength steps instead of performing summation of the product values. Selecting the distribution type whether Type 1 or Type 2 is avoided in the algorithm to reduce computing cost. Some optimal color solids computed by a MATLAB program have been demonstrated.
Synthesis and self-assembly of polythiophene-based rod–coil and coil–rod–coil block copolymers (2005)

Block copolymers constituted of flexible poly(n-butyl acrylate) or poly(tert-butyl acrylate) and rigid poly(3-hexylthiophene) segments have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and by oxidative polymerization accordingly. Two synthetic routes were followed to obtain rod–coil or coil–rod–coil block copolymers. The self-assembly of the copolymers in solution in a selective solvent of the flexible block was studied by means of static and dynamic light scattering.
Practical and robust self-keying scheme for personal area networks (2007)

Providing key pre-distribution in personal area networks (PANs) remains a challenging problem, in particular because of the unique characteristics of, and constraints on, such networks. Several key pre-distribution schemes have been proposed for use in PANs, but these schemes only support key management within a PAN. In a ubiquitous environment, however, users with multiple personal wireless devices are likely to form mobile ad hoc networks, requiring key management between PANs. Moreover, PANs cannot rely on the universal accessibility of an online TTP, and PAN users are unlikely to delegate security operations to an external trusted party for privacy reasons. We thus propose a provably secure self-organising key pre-distribution scheme for use both within and between PANs.