gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Assisted Intermolecular Interactions in Self-Assembled Coumarin Submonolayers (2001)

Spectroscopic characterization of chemically immobilized coumarin molecules on a silica surface at different concentrations and in a variety of solvents is presented. The characterization involves surface concentration and orientation of coumarin molecules with different linkers. Due to high surface concentration (up to 1014 cm-2), the immobilized molecules exhibit intermolecular interactions, which compete with solvation. The molecular orientation with respect to the surface and intermolecular interaction varies with the solvent, the linker, and the surface concentration of coumarin, but as a first approximation the data can be simplified as nearly random molecule orientation with respect to the surface.
Effect of Vacuum Assisted Closure<sup>®</sup> Therapy on early systemic cytokine levels in a swine model (2006)

Vacuum Assisted Closure (V.A.C.) Therapy has previously been shown to facilitate healing of wounds. However, the physiological mechanism(s) of this treatment modality and its systemic effects require further investigations. The goal of this porcine study was to investigate the effect of V.A.C. Therapy on the systemic distribution of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta1. Twelve pigs were each given one full-thickness excisional wound, using electrocautery. Six of the pigs were treated with V.A.C. Therapy and six with saline-moistened gauze. Serum samples were collected immediately after wound creation, and hourly for 4 hours. Samples were analyzed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. During the initial 4 hours of treatment, V.A.C. Therapy resulted in earlier and greater peaking of IL-10 and maintenance of IL-6 levels compared with saline-moistened gauze controls, which showed decreased IL-6 values over the first hour (both at p<0.05). No other treatment-based differences were detected.
The Rise of MXenes (2019)

For the past 15 years, starting with the discovery of the unique physical properties of single-layer graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely researched. Here. this interest led to both a new wave of research on known 2D materials, such as metal dichalcogenides and boron nitride, and the discovery of many new 2D materials.
Medium-sized cyclophanes. Part 55. Synthesis and conformational studies of [2.1.1]orthocyclophanes (2001)

[2.1.1]Orthocyclophanes 2 are prepared by pyrolysis of the corresponding 2-thia[3.1.1]orthocyclophane 2,2-dioxides 9, which are prepared by the reaction of 1,2-bis(2-bromomethylbenzyl)benzenes 7 with Na2S in ethanol under high dilution conditions, followed by oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. The conformational studies on [2.1.1]orthocyclophanes 2, which adopt flexible saddle and crown structures in comparison with the corresponding 10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene ([1.1.1]orthocyclophane) 1, are discussed.
Molecular Dynamics Study of MspA Arginine Mutants Predicts Slow DNA Translocations and Ion Current Blockades Indicative of DNA Sequence (2012)

The protein nanopore Mycobacteria smegmatis porin A (MspA), can be used to sense individual nucleotides within DNA, potentially enabling a technique known as nanopore sequencing. In this technique, single-stranded DNA electrophoretically moves through the nanopore and results in an ionic current that is nucleotide-specific. However, with a high transport velocity of the DNA within the nanopore, the ionic current cannot be used to distinguish signals within noise. Through extensive (~100 μs in total) all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the effect of positively charged residues on DNA translocation rate and the ionic current blockades in MspA. Simulation of several arginine mutations show a ~10-30 fold reduction of DNA translocation speed without eliminating the nucleotide induced current blockages. Comparison of our results with similar engineering efforts on a different nanopore (α-hemolysin) reveals a nontrivial effect of nanopore geometry on the ionic current blockades in mutant nanopores.
Three-level SNPC commutation cell: Features and control (2008)

The unequal distribution of losses among the semiconductors represents one major disadvantage for 3L-SC (stacked cells) and 3L-NPC (neutral point clamped) commutation cells. The paper studies the loss distribution problem for 3L-SC and 3L-NPC topologies and proposes the 3L-SNPC (stacked NPC) commutation cell to overcome this drawback. A new PWM strategy for 3L-SNPC commutation cell is also presented. It has numerous advantages: (a) natural doubling of the apparent switching frequency without using the flying-capacitor concept, (b) dead times do not influence the operating mode at 50% of the duty cycle, (c) operating at both high and small switching frequencies without structural modifications and (d) better balancing of loss distribution in switches. The PSIM simulation and experimental results are shown in order to validate the proposed PWM strategy and the analysis of the switching states.
Nano-lignin filled natural rubber composites: Preparation and characterization (2013)

This paper presents a novel strategy to prepare nano-lignin and its composites with natural rubber. The nanolignin was ontained by fabricating colloidal lignin-Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) complexes (LPCs) via self-assembly technology. The characteristics of LPCs were investigated by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultravioletvisible (UV-vis) absorption measurements. The results indicated that PDADMAC intensively interacted with lignin by cation-! and !-! interactions, and lignin particles were stable in aqueous solution with an average particle size less than 100 nm. LPCs accelerated the vulcanization of NR/LPCs nanocomposites. Morphological studies and Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed the homogeneous dispersion of LPCs in the NR matrix and the strong interfacial adhesion between them. The nanoscale dispersion of LPCs significantly enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical properties of NR/LPCs nanocomposites.
Immunoactivity of Protein Conjugates of Carba Analogues from <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> A Capsular Polysaccharide (2013)

Neisseria meningitidis type A (MenA) is a Gram-negative encapsulated bacterium that is a major cause of epidemic meningitis, especially in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. The development and manufacture of a liquid glycoconjugate vaccine against MenA are hampered by the poor hydrolytic stability of its capsular polysaccharide (CPS), consisting of (1→6)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-mannopyranosyl phosphate repeating units. The replacement of the ring oxygen with a methylene group to generate a carbocyclic analogue leads to enhancement of its chemical stability. Herein, we report conjugation of carbocyclic analogue monomer, dimer, and trimer to the protein carrier CRM197. After immunization in mice, only the conjugated trimer was able to induce specific anti-MenA polysaccharide IgG antibodies with in vitro bactericidal activity, although to a lesser extent than pentadecamer and hexamer oligomers obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of the native polysaccharide conjugated to the same protein carrier. This study represents the first proof-of-concept that hydrolytically stable structural analogues of saccharide antigens can be used for the development of efficacious antimicrobial preventative therapies. Conjugates with longer carbocyclic oligomers and/or precise acetylation patterns could further increase the induced immune response to a level comparable with those of commercially available anti-meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccines.
A c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, JNK-IN-8, sensitizes triple negative breast cancer cells to lapatinib (2017)

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have poor prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes and represent 15-20% of breast cancers diagnosed. Unique targets and new molecularly-targeted therapies are urgently needed for this subtype. Despite high expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, inhibitors such as lapatinib have not shown therapeutic efficacy in TNBC patients. Herein, we report that treatment with the covalent JNK inhibitor, JNK-IN-8, synergizes with lapatinib to cause cell death, while these compounds as single agents have little effect. The combination significantly increases survival of mice bearing xenografts of MDA-MB-231 human TNBC cells. Our studies demonstrate that lapatinib treatment increases c-Jun and JNK phosphorylation indicating a mechanism of resistance. Combined, these compounds significantly reduce transcriptional activity of Nuclear Factor kappa B, Activating Protein 1, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. As master regulators of antioxidant response, their decreased activity induces a 10-fold increase in reactive oxygen species that is cytotoxic, and is rescued by addition of exogenous antioxidants. Over expression of p65 or Nrf2 also significantly rescues viability during JNK-IN-8 and lapatinib treatment. Further studies combining JNK-IN-8 and lapatinib may reveal a benefit for patients with TNBC, fulfilling a critical medical need.
A reproducible method for the enumeration of functional (cytokine producing)<i>versus</i>non-functional peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood (2006)

One of the most difficult laboratory challenges in the field of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been the development of uncomplicated/reproducible methods for the quantification of vaccine immunization efficacy in peripheral blood of cancer patients. Existing methods are limited by lack of functional information (tetramers), difficulties with standardization/reproducibility [enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT)] and reliance on endogenous (sample-specific) antigen presentation (cytokine flow cytometry). Herein we present a reproducible method utilizing an artificial antigen-presenting cell platform for flow cytometry-based quantification of the frequency and activation status of peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The methodology [currently presented for cytomegalovirus human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 cognant peptide antigens] allows simultaneous ex vivo quantification of activated (cytokine-producing) and inactive tetramer-positive T cells following HLA class I/peptide/CD28 stimulation independent of endogenous antigen presentation. The simplicity and reliability of the assay provide for high-throughput applications and automation. The utility and application of this method are discussed.
Multichannel all-optical regeneration (2010)

We present our experimental results on 12 × 10 Gb/s all-optical 2R regeneration, enabled by the group-delay management scheme in Mamyshev regenerator, and discuss extension of this approach beyond 2R regeneration.
The enforcement of security policies for computation (1975)

Security policies define who may use what information in a computer system. Protection mechanisms are built into a system to enforce security policies. In most systems, however, it is quite unclear what policies a mechanism can or does enforce. This paper defines security policies and protection mechanisms precisely and bridges the gap between them with the concept of soundness: whether a protection mechanism enforces a policy. Different sound protection mechanisms for the same policy can then be compared. We also show that the “union” of mechanisms for the same program produces a more “complete” mechanism. Although a “maximal” mechanism exists, it cannot necessarily be constructed.
Coxsackievirus B-3 myocarditis. Acute and chronic forms of the disease caused by different immunopathogenic mechanisms. (1987)

Male BALB/c, DBA/2 and A mice inoculated with a myocarditic variant of coxsackievirus group B, Type 3 (CVB3) developed three distinct patterns of myocarditis. Most BALB/c and all DBA/2 mice developed acute cardiac inflammation lasting only 2 weeks, while A animals consistently showed twice as much myocardial damage as the other two strains, with active myocarditis continuing for 56 days after virus inoculation. Although virus elimination from the heart was also delayed in A mice, immunopathogenic, not viral, mechanisms caused cardiac injury in all strains. In vivo depletion of L3T4+ (T helper) and Lyt 2+ (T cytolytic/suppressor) cells using monoclonal antibodies showed that myocarditis in BALB/c mice depended predominantly on Lyt 2+ cells, in DBA/2 mice on L3T4+ cells and in A mice on both Lyt 2+ and L3T4+ cells. IgM heart reactive antibodies (HRAs) occurred in all three strains, while IgG HRAs were detected only in DBA/2 and A mice. Presumably, only the IgG antibody was pathogenic in this system. These data suggest that the host's genetic makeup determines the type of immune response to CVB3 infection of the heart and therefore the pattern of myocarditis which develops.
A fully distributed location registration strategy for universal personal communication systems (1993)

The universal personal communication system (UPCS) is a system that enables anyone to communicate instantly with anyone else anywhere in the world. One of the crucial problems of such a system is locating hundreds of millions of moving portables in an efficient manner. The location registration strategy described is able to locate active portables automatically in the system with a small overhead in a distributed fashion. The system knows the exact position of an active portable in its service areas. The connection is set up by the system directly to its destination using the direct (shortest) path. The system capacity, efficiency, and inquiry time delay have been improved greatly compared to the leading existing techniques. It is shown that in the proposed system, the maximum database size is 0.51% and the database updating cost is 6.86% of that needed by a central database system under a specified scenario.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alignment of intravascular optical coherence tomography movies affected by non-uniform rotation distortion (2008)

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT), and other imaging modalities that use a mechanically rotated probe, often suffer from image degradation due to non-uniform rotation distortion (NURD). In this paper we present a new method to align a sequence of images by globally optimizing the match between individual lines in subsequent frames. It uses dynamic programming to find a continuous path through a cost matrix that measures the similarity between regions of two frames being aligned. The path represents the angular mismatch corresponding to the NURD. The prime advantage of this novel approach compared to earlier work is the line-to-line continuity, which accurately captures slow intra-frame variations in rotational velocity of the probe. The algorithm is optimized using data from a clinically available intravascular OCT instrument in a realistic vessel phantom. Sensitivity of the performance to imaging and optimization parameters is investigated using a computational phantom. Finally, the algorithm's efficacy is demonstrated on an in vivo recording inside a human coronary artery, exhibiting strong motion artifact.
An introduction to ionic liquids (2010)

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: History Chapter 3: Synthesis of Ionic Liquids Chapter 4: Properties of Ionic Liquids Chapter 5: Ionic Liquids as Designer Solvents Chapter 6: The Green Credentials of Ionic Liquids Chapter 7: Electrochemistry Chapter 8: Catalysis Chapter 9: Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 10: General Organic Reactions Chapter 11: Named Organic Reactions Chapter 12: Biotechnology Chapter 13: Analysis Chapter 14: Applications Subject Index
Shiftable multiscale transforms (1992)

One of the major drawbacks of orthogonal wavelet transforms is their lack of translation invariance: the content of wavelet subbands is unstable under translations of the input signal. Wavelet transforms are also unstable with respect to dilations of the input signal and, in two dimensions, rotations of the input signal. The authors formalize these problems by defining a type of translation invariance called shiftability. In the spatial domain, shiftability corresponds to a lack of aliasing; thus, the conditions under which the property holds are specified by the sampling theorem. Shiftability may also be applied in the context of other domains, particularly orientation and scale. Jointly shiftable transforms that are simultaneously shiftable in more than one domain are explored. Two examples of jointly shiftable transforms are designed and implemented: a 1-D transform that is jointly shiftable in position and scale, and a 2-D transform that is jointly shiftable in position and orientation. The usefulness of these image representations for scale-space analysis, stereo disparity measurement, and image enhancement is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 6Gb/s/pin pseudo-differential signaling using common-mode noise rejection techniques without reference signal for DRAM interfaces (2009)

Differential signaling is effective in suppressing common-mode noise in parallel links as well as in high-speed serial links. However, differential signaling is not cost effective for DRAM interfaces because the I/O-pin count is a significant portion of the chip cost. Since differential signaling requires 2n pins and channels to transmit n bits of data, the data rate must be doubled compared to single-ended signaling to accomplish the same per-pin data rate. However, ISI due to channel-bandwidth limits and technology limits degrade the performance [1]. Although single-ended signaling achieves a higher data rate per pin, two major problems limit increases of the data rate: reference ambiguity and power-supply fluctuation [2]. Several works are reported to solve the problems of single-ended signaling [3–7]. However, the skew between encoder outputs in [3] and receiver outputs in [4,5] degrades the performance of transceivers and the signaling in [6,7] keeps the reference signal. We describe pseudo-differential signaling schemes for DRAM interfaces that minimize the skew between data and suppress common-mode noise. The chip is implemented in a 0.13µm process and occupies 2.7×2.3mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the active area is 1.0×0.3mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Bi-level optimisation using genetic algorithm (2003)

In most real-life problems such as rolling system, design decision-making can be hierarchical and the search space is unknown. Bi-level optimisation problem (BLP) is an operation research technique for solving real life hierarchical decision-making problems. There are a number of different algorithms developed based on classical optimisation methods to solve different classes of the BLP problems where the search space is known. There also exist a number of problems in the BLP which current algorithms are not sufficiently robust to solve. In this paper, a bi-level genetic algorithm (BiGA) is proposed to solve different classes of the BLP problems within a single framework. BiGA is an elitist optimisation algorithm developed to encourage limited asymmetric cooperation between the two players. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated using test functions. The results suggest that BiGA algorithm is robust to solve different classes of the BLP problems and demonstrates potential for real life problems.
Embedded thermoelectric coolers for semiconductor hot spot cooling (2006)

Advanced semiconductors continue to increase performance by increasing functional integration and clock speed. Not only is the total power consumption increasing, the power distribution is highly non-uniform over the die area. Continued reduction in design rules are likely to increase the non-uniformity of the power density as high-speed circuits that dissipate a large amount of power but consume a small amount of die area are surrounded by lower-speed circuits that dissipate little power but consume a larger die area. The high temperature of localized hot spots adversely affects product reliability, performance and yield. A promising approach for site-specific cooling of hot spots is use of an embedded thermoelectric cooler (eTEC). The thickness of superlattice thermoelectric material is typically less than 20 mum, which provides very high heat flux (>300 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The eTEC can be unobtrusively integrated in the package between the die and heat spreader. On-demand, site-specific cooling and the high coefficient-of-performance (COP) of the eTEC minimize the active power required for cooling hot spots
Neuroimaging of White Matter in Aging and Dementia (2006)

Clinical neuroscientists have focused increasing attention on white matter connections in the brain and on the effects of aging and disease on these connections. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis have given researchers new tools for quantifying and visualizing white matter to better relate white matter structure and function. The goals of this article are (a) to acquaint the reader with both established and newer methods for imaging and quantifying white matter anatomy and pathology; and (b) to review recent findings on white matter pathology in aging and dementia. Computer-assisted quantification appears to offer better statistical power than visual rating scales for detecting these relationships. New MR modalities such as diffusion imaging can detect white matter abnormalities not shown with conventional acquisition sequences. These newer techniques hold promise for early detection of disease and for delineating functional connections between brain areas.
Melt rheology of some model comb polystyrenes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMelt rheology of some model comb polystyrenesJ. Roovers and W. W. GraessleyCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 3, 766–773Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50004a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50004a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views578Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts