gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Submillimeter heterodyne remote sensing of upper atmospheric gases (1991)

Abstract Technology is now becoming available to develop submillimeter‐wavelength heterodyne radiometric experiments for remote sensing the upper atmosphere from space. Such experiments can provide many essential measurements for assessing and critically monitoring the depletion of stratospheric ozone by pollution from industrial products. A millimeter‐wavelength experiment for this purpose is now ready for launch on the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). An enhanced version of the UARS experiment, which operates at submillimeter wavelengths, is under investigation for the future NASA Earth Observing System.
Effects of Adrenergic Agonists on an Experimental Urinary Incontinence Model in Anesthetized Rabbits (1992)

We have developed an experimental urinary incontinence model in anesthetized female rabbits, in order to study the effects of alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists on it in vivo. Micturition was induced artificially by electrical stimulation of the abdomen of rabbits receiving a continuous infusion of glucose-free. Tyrode’s solution into the urinary bladder. Alpha-1 adrenergic agonists, phenylephrine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and the newly synthesized agent ST-1059 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and its prodrug midodrine (10 mg/kg), which was intraduodenally administered, elevated the bladder pressure and arrested micturition induced by electrical stimulation. Prazosin (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited these effects of phenylephrine. The effect of an alpha-2 agonist, clonidine (1 mg/kg, i.v), on micturition induced by electrical stimulation was not clearly defined. This study demonstrates that alpha-1 adrenergic agonists can arrest artificially-induced micturition via urethral contraction. This method may be useful for evaluating the effect of a drug on urethral leakage in vivo.
Deficiency of host CD96 and PD-1 or TIGIT enhances tumor immunity without significantly compromising immune homeostasis (2018)

Multiple non-redundant immunosuppressive pathways co-exist in the tumor microenvironment and their co-targeting can increase clinical responses. Indeed, concurrent blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in patients with advanced melanoma increased clinical responses over monotherapy alone although the frequency and severity of immune related adverse events (irAEs) also increased. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients still display an innate resistance phenotype and are unresponsive to current approved immunotherapies even when utilized in combination. In this study, we generated <i>Pdcd1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> and <i>Tigit<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/-</sup></i> mice to investigate how loss of CD96 in combination with PD-1 or TIGIT impacts on immune homeostasis and hence the potential of inducing immune related toxicities following co-targeting of these pairs of receptors. The ability of <i>Pdcd1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> and <i>Tigit<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/-</sup></i> mice to suppress primary tumor growth was also assessed using the MC38 colon carcinoma and SM1WT1 BRAF-mutated melanoma tumor models. Both <i>Pdcd1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> or <i>Tigit<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/-</sup></i> mice displayed no overt perturbations in immune homeostasis over what was previously reported with <i>Pdcd1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> or <i>Tigit<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> mice even when aged for 22 months. Interestingly, increased suppression of subcutaneous tumor growth and complete responses was seen in <i>Pdcd1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> mice compared to <i>Pdcd1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> or <i>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> mice depending upon the tumor model. In contrast, in these models, growth suppression in <i>Tigit<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> were similar to <i>Tigit<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> or <i>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> . This enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of <i>Pdcd1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>CD96<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup></i> appeared to be due to favorable changes in the ratio of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to T regulatory cells or CD11b<sup>+</sup>GR-1<sup>hi</sup> myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Co-targeting CD96 and PD-1 may increase anti-tumor immunity over targeting PD-1 alone and potentially not induce serious immune-related toxicities and thus appears a promising strategy for clinical development.
Growth of Nisin-Producing Lactococci in Cooked Rice Supplemented with Soybean Extract and its Application to Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis in Rice Miso (2001)

Lactic acid fermentation of cooked rice and rice koji by supplementation with soybean extract (SBE) and its application to rice miso fermentation were investigated. By supplementing the cooked rice with SBE, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grew well without any unfavorable effects on the rice such as off-flavor or coloration. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IFO12007 (Lc. lactis, a producer of the bacteriocin nisin) proliferated at 10(8 to approximately 9) cells/g after 24 h of incubation and produced high activity of nisin. The fermented rice with Lc. lactis strongly inhibited not only Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 but also the other Bacillus strains. While some strains of LAB markedly inhibited the growth of Asp. oryzae, resulting in failure of koji fermentation, Lc. lactis did not affect the growth of these molds. When Lc. lactis was used for rice miso fermentation as a lactic acid starter culture, Lc. lactis rapidly proliferated and produced high nisin activity of 6,400 IU/g, in the steamed rice, resulting in complete growth inhibition of B. subtilis, which had been inoculated at the beginning of the koji fermentation. The rice miso after 12 weeks of aging had a suitable pH, and favorable taste and color. Furthermore, hyposalting of rice miso could be done without difficulty by lactic acid fermentation of both rice and soybeans.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1921)

REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent. By Natalie Curtis. Schirmer, Boston, pp. xxv., 170. Four Plays of Gil Vicente. Edited, with Translation and Notes, by Aubrey F. G. Bell. Cambridge University Press, 20s. net. J. B. T. J. B. T. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume II, Issue 2, April 1921, Pages 185-b–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/II.2.185-b Published: 01 April 1921
Safety and Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccines Encoding Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Wild-Type Glycoproteins in a Phase I Clinical Trial (2014)

NCT00605514.
Solvent effects on the dynamics of (dG‐dC)<sub>3</sub> (1983)

Abstract The kinetics of the coil‐to‐helix transition of (dG‐dC) 3 in M NaCl, 45 m M sodium cacodylate, pH 7, were measured in H 2 O, D 2 O, 10 mol % ethanol, 10 mol % urea, and 10 mol % glycerol. At 43°C in H 2 O the recombination rate is 1.3 ± 0.2 × 10 7 M −1 s −1 ; the dissociation rate is 68 ± 10 s −1 . The destabilization of the helix in 10 mol % ethanol and 10 mol % urea relative to water is primarily due to a large increase in the helix‐dissociation rate. In 10 mol % glycerol, the destabilization of the helix is due to a decrease in the recombination rate and an increase in the dissociation rate. Above 20°C, two exponential decays longer than 1 μs are observed after a temperature jump. The slower relaxation time is 4–10 times faster than the bimolecular component and is independent of oligomer concentration. We attribute this relaxation to a rapid equilibrium between two helical states. At low temperatures and oligomer concentrations of 1 m M or greater, the helices aggregate in 1 M NaCl. Experimental data are presented under conditions where aggregation is unimportant and evidence is given that the Δ H ‐determined spectroscopically is unaffected by aggregation.
Enantioselective catalytic isomerization of an unfunctionalized achiral alkene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective catalytic isomerization of an unfunctionalized achiral alkeneZhuoliang Chen and Ronald L. HaltermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6, 2276–2277Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a062Request reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (944 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The stringency and magnitude of androgen-specific gene activation are combinatorial functions of receptor and nonreceptor binding site sequences. (1993)

The mechanism by which specific hormonal regulation of gene expression is attained in vivo is a paradox in that several of the steroid receptors recognize the same DNA element in vitro. We have characterized a complex enhancer of the mouse sex-limited protein (Slp) gene that is activated exclusively by androgens but not by glucocorticoids in transfection. Potent androgen induction requires both the consensus hormone response element (HRE) and auxiliary elements residing within the 120-bp DNA fragment C' delta 9. Multiple nonreceptor factors are involved in androgen specificity, with respect to both the elevation of androgen receptor activity and the inactivity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), since clustered base changes at any of several sites reduce or abolish androgen induction and do not increase glucocorticoid response. However, moving the HRE as little as 10 bases away from the rest of the enhancer allows GR to function, suggesting that GR is repressed by juxtaposition to particular factors within the androgen-specific complex. Surprisingly, some sequence variations of the HRE itself, within the context of C' delta 9, alter the stringency of specificity, as well as the magnitude, of hormonal response. These HRE sequence effects on expression correspond in a qualitative manner with receptor binding, i.e., GR shows a threefold difference in affinities for HREs amongst which androgen receptor does not discriminate. Altering the HRE orientation within the enhancer also affects hormonal stringency, increasing glucocorticoid but not androgen response. The effect of these subtle variations suggests that they alter receptor position with respect to other factors. Thus, protein-protein interactions that elicit specific gene regulation are established by the array of DNA elements in a complex enhancer and can be modulated by sequence variations within these elements that may influence selection of precise protein contacts.
Human Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Decreases Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Their Metabolite Levels (2013)

The pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is complex and not well understood. Because pathophysiology has ramifications for injury progression and outcome, we sought to identify metabolic cascades that are altered after acute human mild and severe TBI. Because catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; i.e., valine, isoleucine, and leucine) leads to glucose and energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis and availability, we investigated BCAA metabolites in plasma samples collected within 24 h of injury from mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score >12), severe TBI (GCS ≤8), orthopedic injury, and healthy volunteers. We report decreased levels of all three BCAAs in patients with mild TBI relative to healthy volunteers, while these BCAAs levels in patients with severe TBI were further reduced compared with all groups. Orthopedic patients exhibited reductions in BCAA comparable to those in patients with mild TBI. The decrease in patients with mild and severe TBI persisted for derivatives of BCAA catabolic intermediates. Only plasma levels of methylglutarylcarnitine, a derivative of a leucine metabolite, were increased in patients with severe TBI compared with all other groups. Notably, logistic regression combination of three BCAA metabolites whose levels were changed by 24 h post-injury provided prognostic value (area under the curve=0.92) in identifying patients with severe TBI in whom elevated intracranial pressure (≥25 mm Hg) developed. These changes suggest alteration of BCAA metabolism after TBI may contribute to decreased energy production and neurotransmitter synthesis and may contribute to TBI pathophysiology. Supplementation of BCAAs and/or their metabolites may reduce TBI pathology and improve outcome.
Super-Bit Locality-Sensitive Hashing (2012)

Sign-random-projection locality-sensitive hashing (SRP-LSH) is a probabilistic dimension reduction method which provides an unbiased estimate of angular similarity, yet suffers from the large variance of its estimation. In this work, we propose the Super-Bit locality-sensitive hashing (SBLSH). It is easy to implement, which orthogonalizes the random projection vectors in batches, and it is theoretically guaranteed that SBLSH also provides an unbiased estimate of angular similarity, yet with a smaller variance when the angle to estimate is within (0, π/2]. The extensive experiments on real data well validate that given the same length of binary code, SBLSH may achieve significant mean squared error reduction in estimating pairwise angular similarity. Moreover, SBLSH shows the superiority over SRP-LSH in approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) retrieval experiments. 1
Atmospheric Oxidation of Hydrocarbons (1987)

Hydrocarbon oxidation in the atmosphere proceeds generally by the following sequence of reactions: hydrocarbon + OH----alkyl radical + H2O, alkyl radical + O2 (3 sigma)----alkylperoxy radical, alkylperoxy radical + NO----alkoxy radical + NO2, alkoxy radical + O2 (3 sigma)----aldehyde + HO2. The atmospheric lifetimes of hydrocarbons are determined by their reactivity towards OH as well as by the average OH concentration level. They are compound specific and vary from several hours to several years. Hydrocarbon oxidation chains couple with other trace gases (Ox, HOx and NOx). For the conditions of the average continental atmosphere an increase of the oxidative potential (HOx, Ox) is predicted through hydrocarbon oxidation.
Protein C Inhibitor Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Thrombin-Thrombomodulin Complex (1995)

Protein C inhibitor (PCI), a plasma serine protease inhibitor, inhibits several proteases including the anticoagulant enzyme, activated protein C (APC), and the coagulation enzymes, thrombin and factor Xa. Previous studies have shown that thrombin and APC are inhibited at similar rates by PCI and that heparin accelerates PCI inhibition of both enzymes more than 20-fold. We now demonstrate that the thrombin-binding proteoglycan, rabbit thrombomodulin, accelerates inhibition of thrombin by PCI approximately equal to 140-fold (k2 = 2.4 x 10(6) in the presence of TM compared to 1.7 x 10(4) M-1 S-1 in the absence of TM). Most of this effect is mediated by protein-protein interactions since the active fragment of TM composed of epidermal growth factor-like domains 4-6 (TM 4-6) accelerates inhibition by PCI approximately equal to 59-fold (k2 = 1.0 x 10(6) M-1 S-1). The mechanism by which TM alters reactivity with PCI appears to reside in part in an alteration of the S2 specificity pocket. Replacing Phe353 with Pro at the P2 position in the reactive loop of PCI yields a mutant that inhibits thrombin better in the absence of TM (k2 = 6.3 x 10(5) M-1 S-1), but TM 4-6 enhances inhibition by this mutant approximately equal to 9-fold (k2 = 5.8 x 10(6) M-1 S-1) indicating that TM alleviates the inhibitory effect of the less favored Phe residue. These results indicate that PCI is a potent inhibitor of the protein C anticoagulant pathway at the levels of both zymogen activation and enzyme inhibition.
Inactivation of S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and E. coli bacteria bioaerosols deposited on a filter utilizing airborne silver nanoparticles. (2008)

In the present study, a control methodology utilizing airborne silver nanoparticles is suggested and tested with respect to its potential to control Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria bioaerosols deposited on filters. As it is known that the Gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to airflow exposure, the main focus of this study for testing the airborne silver nanoparticles effect was the Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis bacteria bioaerosols whereas Escherichia coli bioaerosols were utilized for comparison. Airborne bacteria and airborne silver nanoparticles were quantitatively generated in an experimental system. Bioaerosols deposited on the filter were exposed to airborne silver nanoparticles. The physical and biological properties of the airborne bacteria and airborne silver nanoparticles were measured via aerosol measurement devices. From the experimental results, it was demonstrated that this method utilizing airborne silver nanoparticles offers potential as a bioaerosol control methodology.
Feature extraction approaches to RF fingerprinting for device identification in femtocells (2010)

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting is a technique which attempts to extract a unique identifier from wireless signal transmissions in order to perform automated device identification by exploiting variations in the transmitted signal caused by hardware and manufacturing inconsistencies. The problem of signaling storms caused by increased core network signaling load due to idle mode cell camping on femtocells is addressed and a novel approach to RF fingerprinting is proposed as a solution to tackle this problem by identifying device model types. This study describes a large data set containing 54 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) user equipment (UE) devices (41 model types), the largest of its kind reported in the literature. This study also presents a novel feature extraction technique, which greatly improves identification accuracy over standard spectral approaches while limiting the number of random access channel (RACH) preambles required for identification. Accuracy of 99.8 percent was achieved. Importantly, the proposed technique can be implemented using today's low cost high-volume receivers and requires no manual performance tuning.
Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy: Single Patient Response to Intravenous Dosing of <i>GNE</i> Gene Lipoplex (2011)

Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is an autosomal recessive adult-onset myopathy due to mutations in the GNE (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase) gene. Affected patients have no therapeutic options. We have previously demonstrated in preclinical testing the ability to safely correct GNE gene function through liposomal delivery of the wild-type GNE gene. Results were verified in a single patient treated by intravenous infusion of GNE gene lipoplex. A single patient (patient 001) with severe HIBM treated with a compassionate investigational new drug received seven doses of GNE gene lipoplex via intravenous infusion at the following doses: 0.4, 0.4, 1.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 mg of DNA. GNE transgene expression, downstream induction of sialic acid, safety, and muscle function were evaluated. Transient low-grade fever, myalgia, tachycardia, transaminase elevation, hyponatremia, and hypotension were observed after infusion of each dose of GNE gene lipoplex. Quadriceps muscle expression of the delivered GNE, plasmid, and RNA was observed 24 hr after the 5.0-mg dose and at significantly greater levels 72 hr after the 7.0-mg infusion in comparison with expression in quadriceps muscle immediately before infusion. Sialic acid-related proteins were increased and stabilization in the decline of muscle strength was observed. We conclude that clinical safety and activity have been demonstrated with intravenous infusion of GNE gene lipoplex. Further assessment will involve a phase I trial of intravenous administration of GNE gene lipoplex in individuals with less advanced HIBM with more muscle function.
Nonparametric Return Distribution Approximation for Reinforcement Learning (2010)

Standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to optimize decision-making rules in terms of the expected return. However, especially for risk-management purposes, other criteria such as the expected shortfall are sometimes preferred. Here, we describe a method of approximating the distribution of returns, which allows us to derive various kinds of information about the returns. We first show that the Bellman equation, which is a recursive formula for the expected return, can be extended to the cumulative return distribution. Then we derive a nonparametric return distribution estimator with particle smoothingbasedonthis extendedBellman equation. A key aspect of the proposed algorithm is to represent the recursion relation in the extendedBellmanequationbyasimplereplacement procedure of particles associated with a state by using those of the successor state. We show that our algorithm leads to a risksensitive RL paradigm. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through numerical experiments. 1.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Induced Angioedema - An Overlooked Adverse Drug Reaction? (2017)

Treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors must be carefully considered and monitored especially during concurrent treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors or when treating patients with a known predisposition to angioedema.
Role of interfacial nitrogen in improving thin silicon oxides grown in N2O (1993)

We have used chemical depth profiling, with a depth resolution of 10 Å, in conjunction with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the composition and chemical bonding in thin silicon oxides grown in N2O with both a conventional furnace and a rapid thermal annealer (RTA) process. The nitrogen profiles of RTA and furnace oxides differ, with the RTA oxides showing an increase in nitrogen concentration at the interface and the furnace oxides showing a more uniform nitrogen distribution. The percentage of nitrogen at the interface also differs, and correlates with a reduction in interface state generation under current injection for increased nitrogen concentration. The chemical environment for the nitrogen changes with distance from the interface, and this is attributed to an increasing number of nitrogen—silicon bonds near the interface.
Convergent Synthesis of a Polyfunctionalized Fullerene by Regioselective Five-Fold Addition of a Functionalized Organocopper Reagent to C<sub>60</sub> (2006)

[reaction: see text] A method for one-step preparation of polyfunctionalized fullerene derivatives by regioselective penta-addition of an organocopper reagent is described. A functionalized aryl iodide is first converted to the corresponding Grignard reagent and then to a copper reagent and finally is allowed to react with C(60). The method allows introduction of five functional groups to the C(60) skeleton in a convergent manner. The shuttlecock-like molecules crystallize into a columnar packing structure.