gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils are primary source of O<sub>2</sub>radicals during reperfusion after prolonged myocardial ischemia (2001)

Although many studies document oxygen radical formation during ischemia-reperfusion, few address the sources of radicals in vivo or examine radical generation in the context of prolonged ischemia. In particular, the contribution of activated neutrophils remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we developed a methodology to detect radicals without interfering with blood-borne mechanisms of radical generation. Dogs underwent aorta and coronary sinus catheterization. No chemicals were infused; instead, blood was drawn into syringes prefilled with a spin trap and analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. After 90 min of coronary artery occlusion, transcardiac concentration of oxygen radicals rose severalfold 10 min after reflow and remained significantly elevated for at least 1 h. Radicals were mostly derived from neutrophils, as shown by marked reduction after the administration of 1) neutrophil NADPH oxidase inhibitors and 2) a monoclonal antibody (R15.7) against neutrophil CD18 adhesion molecule. Reduction of radical generation by R15.7 was also associated with a significantly smaller infarct size and no-reflow areas. Thus our data demonstrate that neutrophils are a major source of oxidants in hearts reperfused in vivo after prolonged ischemia and that antineutrophil interventions can effectively prevent the increase in oxygen radical concentration during reperfusion.
bcl-2 is expressed in neurons that survive focal ischemia in the rat (1995)

Expression of the proto-oncogene bcl-2 prevents programmed cell death in vitro, but it is not known whether bcl-2 plays a role in determining cell survival after cerebral ischemia. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, bcl-2 protein expression was studied in the rat brain 24 h following 60 or 120 min of temporary focal ischemia. Sixty minutes of ischemia induced bcl-2 protein in neurons throughout the frontoparietal cortex in non-infarcted regions, whereas 120 min of ischemia induced bcl-2 in neurons only just outside the margin of the infarction. bcl-2 protein was also induced in glial cells, mainly microglia, border zone of the infarction. In the infarcted regions of caudate and cortex, bcl-2 protein was exclusively induced in endothelial cells and the vessel walls. Western blot revealed a characteristic single band at 26 kDa only in ischemic samples. These data show that bcl-2 is induced in sublethally injured cells and suggest that bcl-2 could play a role in determining cell survival in cerebral ischemia.
Mössbauer study of the inactive Fe3S4 and Fe3Se4 and the active Fe4Se4 forms of beef heart aconitase. (1989)

Active beef heart aconitase contains an iron-sulfur cluster with an [Fe4S4]2+ core. This cluster can be converted into Fe3S4 with concomitant loss of enzymatic activity. We have reconstituted apo-aconitase with iron and selenide to obtain Fe4Se4 aconitase. The Se analog has higher catalytic activity than the native S-containing enzyme when isocitrate is the substrate. Oxidation of [Fe4Se4]2+ with ferricyanide yields the inactive [Fe3Se4]1+ form. The Se-containing 3-Fe cluster can be reduced to [Fe3Se4]0. We have studied the [Fe3S4]1+,0, [Fe3Se4]1+,0, and [Fe4Se4]2+ states with Mössbauer spectroscopy from 1.3 K to 200 K in magnetic fields up to 6.0 T. The spectra of the S- and Se-containing enzymes were found to be remarkably similar. The spectra of the 3-Fe clusters were analyzed and the salient features of the electronic structure are discussed.
Is there an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on male fertility? The ACE2 connection (2020)

The viral pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), generated by a novel mutated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a serious worldwide public health emergency, evolving exponentially. While the main organ targeted in this disease is the lungs, other vital organs, such as the heart and kidney, may be implicated. The main host receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The ACE2 is also involved in testicular male regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As the SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to infect the testis via ACE2 and adversely affect male reproductive system, it is essential to commence with targeted studies to learn from the current pandemic, with the possibility of preemptive intervention, depending on the findings and time course of the continuing pandemic.
A dynamic virtual memory management under real-time constraints (2014)

In this work we describe a new memory management concept which allows the use of both virtual and dynamic memory management at the same time in the context of real-time systems. For a fixed size of the virtual address space, the operations of memory allocation, de-allocation and access have a constant complexity. Therefore our approach is highly suited for real-time environments with hard deadlines. We employ efficient data-structures to yield runtimes that are close to traditional static memory management concepts, and - at the same time - provide the user with the full flexibility of both virtual and dynamic memory management. Our approach is based on novel operating system components and a novel real-time aware virtual memory management unit (RTMMU) in hardware. Our experimental results demonstrate the applicability of our concept and compare its performance with a classical approach. The results show that our new approach does not only provide constant-time memory management operations, but is also able to reduce the memory footprint to a large extent.
<title>Selective sampling and edge enhancement in bar code laser scanning</title> (1996)

This paper describes the basic design principles for a new series of bar code scanners from Symbol Technologies. Traditional bar code scanners include an edge detector which has several innate limitations. We propose replacing this edge detector with a selective sampling circuit. While the superiority of decoding the analog signal has been demonstrated, its implementation is too costly because of the need for considerable additional memory. Selective sampling achieves most of the advantages of analog decoding at a cost comparable to that of conventional decoders. Instead of sampling the signal periodically, it is only sampled when a certain event (e.g. an edge) is detected. At each edge two data values are produced: the edge time and the sampled value, often referred to as the edge strength. This strength value gives a measure of the intensity of the edge. Using selective sampling the new scanners can read poorly printed and noisy bar codes that cannot be read by traditional scanners. Another innate limitation of bar code laser scanners is the density of bar code that can be read. This limitation is due to the blurring of the bar code when scanned by a laser beam with a finite spot size. We propose the addition of an edge enhancement filter to the scanner, which compensates for the finite width of the optical beam. The proposed filter is designed to enhance the edges of the bar code so that for a given optical focusing it is possible to read higher density bar codes.
Effects of Parthenocarpy on Fruit Quality in Tomato (1987)

Abstract Two parthenocarpic tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines segregating for male sterility were grown in the field in three plantings. Male-fertile plants produced both seeded (showing more than five seeds when cut in half transversely) and low-seeded (showing 0-5 seeds) fruit, whereas male-sterile plants produced only parthenocarpic fruit. The objective of the experiment was to compare the compositional quality of seeded and low-seeded fruit from male-fertile plants with parthenocarpic fruit from male-sterile plants. Young fruit were thinned from male-fertile plants so that they would have fruit loads similar to the male-sterile plants. Parthenocarpic fruit were found to have higher percent soluble solids than low-seeded fruit, which, in turn, had higher values than seeded fruit. In general, parthenocarpic and low-seeded fruit had higher pH values than seeded fruit. Only seeded and parthenocarpic fruit were used to compare total solids, the ratio of water insoluble solids : total solids (WIS:TS), titratable acidity, and color. Parthenocarpic fruit, in general, had significantly higher total solids than seeded fruit. No consistent differences between fruit types were observed for WIS:TS ratio, titratable acidity, or color.
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates and PTEN antagonizes tumor necrosis factor inhibition of insulin signaling through insulin receptor substrate-1 (2001)

Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by the insulin receptor permits this docking protein to interact with signaling proteins that promote insulin action. Serine phosphorylation uncouples IRS-1 from the insulin receptor, thereby inhibiting its tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin signaling. For this reason, there is great interest in identifying serine/threonine kinases for which IRS-1 is a substrate. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibited insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and activated the Akt/protein kinase B serine-threonine kinase, a downstream target for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The effect of TNF on insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was blocked by inhibition of PI 3-kinase and the PTEN tumor suppressor, which dephosphorylates the lipids that mediate PI 3-kinase functions, whereas constitutively active Akt impaired insulin-promoted IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Conversely, TNF inhibition of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by kinase dead Akt. Inhibition of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation by TNF was blocked by rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream target of Akt. mTOR induced the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that TNF impairs insulin signaling through IRS-1 by activation of a PI 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway, which is antagonized by PTEN.
Use of Settable Spotting Fluid Improves Expandable Casing Process—Case History (2002)

Abstract This paper presents laboratory and field data for using a settable spotting fluid (SSF) to help improve the subterranean zonal isolation of primary cement jobs on expandable liner installations. A SSF can add value to the well construction process when well conditions for cementing are less than optimal; i.e., low annular velocity, no pipe movement, poor casing centralization, or poor mud conditions. Many of these unfavorable conditions are present when expandable casing is installed. Past SSF designs used blast-furnace slag and were limited to temperatures less than 90°F (32°C). The new SSF incorporates a hydraulic material with a non-blast furnace slag and is formulated for water-or oil-based wellbore fluids. Although the new SSF is optimal for displacement in the cementing process, the SSF will set to a state for providing zonal isolation if it is bypassed during the cement displacement process. Depending on the time required to run and expand the casing, the SSF can be formulated to remain liquid for a few hours or as long as three weeks. However, the high pH condition and heat of hydration from the placed cement in the annulus can accelerate the set of the SSF to a few hours. The achievement of a near-100% annular seal occurs even when poor cementing conditions are present and without the use of rheologically tuned spacers. Job data from field trials also show improved shoe integrity and higher pipe-to-cement bond, echoing the results from the laboratory tests.
Separation and determination of isocyanurates by gas chromatography (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation and determination of isocyanurates by gas chromatographyGary W. Ruth and Rueder. SchillCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 10, 1582–1583Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60266a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60266a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mycoherbicide formulation and the potential for bracken control (1993)

Abstract The imperfect fungus Ascochtya pteridis , causal agent of curl‐tip disease, is considered as the potential active ingredient of a mycoherbicide for the control of bracken ( Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kühn) Results of experimental attempts to improve pathogenicity by the addition to the spore inoculum of one or more adjuvants are reviewed. The importance of protecting spores and germ tubes from desiccation in the pre‐penetration phase is emphasised and results of experiments demonstrating the potential for water retention by invert (water‐in‐oil) emulsions discussed. Provisional results of field trials using an invert emulsion of water in soybean oil are summarised. Infection was achieved, but it is though that the low level of mycoherbicidal activity was due to application when the host was beyond its most susceptible stage.
Towards Energy Aware Scheduling for Precedence Constrained Parallel Tasks in a Cluster with DVFS (2010)

Reducing energy consumption for high end computing can bring various benefits such as, reduce operating costs, increase system reliability, and environment respect. This paper aims to develop scheduling heuristics and to present application experience for reducing power consumption of parallel tasks in a cluster with the Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique. In this paper, formal models are presented for precedence-constrained parallel tasks, DVFS enabled clusters, and energy consumption. This paper studies the slack time for non-critical jobs, extends their execution time and reduces the energy consumption without increasing the task’s execution time as a whole. Additionally, Green Service Level Agreement is also considered in this paper. By increasing task execution time within an affordable limit, this paper develops scheduling heuristics to reduce energy consumption of a tasks execution and discusses the relationship between energy consumption and task execution time. Models and scheduling heuristics are examined with a simulation study. Test results justify the design and implementation of proposed energy aware scheduling heuristics in the paper.
Natural-laminar-flow airfoil for general-aviation applications (1995)

A natural-Iamina r-flow airfoil, the NLF(1)-0115, has been recently designed for general-aviation aircraft at the NASA Langley Research Center. During the design of this airfoil, special emphasis was placed on experiences and observations gleaned from other successful general-aviation airfoils. For example, the flight lift-coefficient range is the same as that of the turbulent-flow NACA 23015 airfoil. Also, although beneficial for reducing drag and producing high lift, the NLF(1)-0115 airfoil avoids the use of aft loading, which can lead to large stick forces if utilized on portions of the wing having ailerons. Furthermore, not using aft loading eliminates the concern that the high pitching-moment coefficient generated by such airfoils can result in large trim drag if cruise flaps are not employed. The NASA NLF(1)-0115 airfoil has a thickness of 15% chord. It is designed primarily for general-aviation aircraft with wing loadings of 720-960 N/m2 (15-20 lb/ft2). Low-profile drag as a result of laminar flow is obtained over the range from c, = 0.1 and R = 9 x 106 (the cruise condition) to c, = 0.6 and R = 4 x 106 (the climb condition). While this airfoil can be used with flaps, it is designed to achieve a c,,max of 1.5 at R = 2.6 x 10 6 without flaps. The zero-lift pitching moment is held to c,H,0 = -0.055. The hinge moment for a 20% chord aileron is fixed at a value equal to that of the NACA 632-215 airfoil, CH = — 0.0022. The loss in cAmax due to leading-edge roughness at R = 2.6 x 10 6 is 11% as compared with 14% for the NACA 23015.
Mass Transfer - Advanced Aspects (2011)

Our knowledge of mass transfer processes has been extended and applied to various fields of science and engineering including industrial and manufacturing processes in recent years. Since mass transfer is a primordial phenomenon, it plays a key role in the scientific researches and fields of mechanical, energy, environmental, materials, bio, and chemical engineering. In this book, energetic authors provide present advances in scientific findings and technologies, and develop new theoretical models concerning mass transfer. This book brings valuable references for researchers and engineers working in the variety of mass transfer sciences and related fields. Since the constitutive topics cover the advances in broad research areas, the topics will be mutually stimulus and informative to the researchers and engineers in different areas.
Thermal Degradation Effects on Consolidation and Bonding in the Thermoplastic Fiber-Placement Process (2000)

Effects of elevated temperature exposure during thermoplastic fiber placement on bonding and consolidation are investigated experimentally for AS 4/polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) composite. Coupons of 24 layers are consolidated on the University of Delaware Center for Composite Materials (UD-CCM) fiber-placement robot at deposition rates of 20 and 40 mm/s over a range of process temperatures (700-900 degC, with 50 deg C increments). The main torch and preheater distances and the compaction force are held constant for all coupons. Two competing mechanisms governing strength buildup are considered: (1) polymer bonding and (2) degradation. Coupons are sectioned, and one-half of each coupon is reconsolidated in a hot press at conventional processing conditions (i.e., 30 min at 370 deg C and 0.70-MPa pressure) in order to remove any effect of poor consolidation on strength. Void content of the robot-consolidated panels is measured. Short-beam shear (SBS) tests are performed on the specimens cut from each coupon. Strength and void-content measurements for robot-consolidated panels are presented to illustrate the effect of processing parameters on product quality. Results of the SBS strength tests performed on reconsolidated coupons indicate that there is significant decrease in the strength of coupons consolidated at 20-mm/s deposition rate and high torch temperatures, possibly due to polymer degradation, whereas approximately the same value of reconsolidated strength is measured for the 40-mm/s deposition rate, suggesting that polymer degradation is insignificant at that rate. Effects of void content on SBS tests are discussed.
The Effect of Interferon and Interferon Inducers on Avian Influenza (1971)

The effects of interferon and interferon inducers on infection due to avian influenza virus in six-week-old chickens was studied after intratracheal administration of virus. Influenza A, avian type 5 T/ONT/6828 was shown to be as sensitive as bovine vesicular stomatitis virus to the antiviral activity of chicken interferon, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C), and statolon when tested in cell cultures of chick-embryo fibroblasts. In vivo, only systemic statolon was an effective inducer of interferon, and only with this drug was a protective effect observed. In contrast, bis-DEAE-fluorenone and poly I:C did not produce circulating interferon, nor did they protect the chickens from challenge with the influenza virus. Similarly, intratracheal administration of the interferon inducers was not protective. Results of treatment with exogenous interferon suggests that the protective effects observed with the systemic statolon are likely to be mediated by its interferon-inducing capacity.
Multiple-Facial Action Unit Recognition by Shared Feature Learning and Semantic Relation Modeling (2014)

In this paper, we propose multiple facial action unit recognition by modeling their relations from both features and target labels. First, a multi-task feature learning method is adopted to divide action unit recognition tasks into several groups, and then learn the shared features for each group. Second, a Bayesian network is used to model the co-existent and mutual-exclusive semantic relations among action units from the target labels of facial images. After that, the learned Bayesian network employs the recognition results of the multi-task learning, and realizes multiple facial action recognition by probabilistic inference. Experiments on the extended Cohn-Kanade database and the Denver Intensity of Spontaneous Facial Actions database demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Deep Learning for Traffic Sign Recognition Based on Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Scale Analysis (2020)

In the area of traffic sign detection (TSD) methods, deep learning has been implemented and achieves outstanding performance. The detection of a traffic sign, as it has a dual function in monitoring and directing the driver, is a big concern for driver support systems. A core feature of autonomous vehicle systems is the identification of the traffic sign. This article focuses on the prohibitive sign. The objective is to detect in real-time and reduce processing time considerably. In this study, we implement the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) principle to boost Yolo V3’s backbone network for the extraction of functionality. Our work uses SPP for more comprehensive learning of multiscale object features. Then, perform a comparative investigation of Yolo V3 and Yolo V3 SPP across various scales to recognize the prohibitory sign. Comparisons with Yolo V3 SPP models reveal that their mean average precision (mAP) is higher than Yolo V3. Furthermore, the test accuracy findings indicate that the Yolo V3 SPP model performs better than Yolo V3 for different sizes.
Piezoelectricity of a vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer (1982)

A vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer was studied to determine its piezoelectricity. The Curie temperature at 65 °C made it easy to polarize this material. The piezoelectric constant was proportional to the polarization. The piezoelectric constant was 22×10−12 C/N for a sufficiently polarized copolymer film with 51 mole % of VDF. The copolymer with 55 mole % of VDF had the largest piezoelectric constant under an appropriate poling condition. The piezoelectricity of the VDF-TrFE copolymer was discussed by a phenomenological theory based on dipole orientation.