gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The WNT7b Promoter Is Regulated by TTF-1, GATA6, and Foxa2 in Lung Epithelium (2002)

In this study, we find that WNT7b is the only member of the WNT family of autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules whose expression in the lung is restricted to the airway epithelium during embryonic development. To study the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie this restricted pattern of WNT7b expression, we isolated the proximal 1.0-kb mouse WNT7b promoter and mapped the transcriptional start sites. Transfection of the lung epithelial cell line MLE-15, which expresses WNT7b, shows that the 1.0-kb mouse WNT7b promoter is highly active in lung epithelial cells. This region of the WNT7b promoter contains several DNA binding sites for the important lung-restricted transcription factors TTF-1, GATA6, and Foxa2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that TTF-1, GATA6, and Foxa2 can bind to a specific subset of their consensus DNA binding sites within the WNT7b promoter. Using cotransfection assays, we demonstrate that TTF-1, GATA6, and Foxa2 can trans-activate the WNT7b promoter in NIH-3T3 cells. Truncation of GATA6 or Foxa2 binding sites reduced the ability of these transcriptional regulators to trans-activate the WNT7b promoter. Finally, the minimal 118-bp region of the mouse WNT7b promoter containing only TTF-1 binding sites was synergistically activated by TTF-1 and GATA6, and we show that TTF-1 and GATA6 physically interact in vivo. Together, these results suggest that WNT7b gene expression in the lung epithelium is regulated in a combinatorial fashion by TTF-1, GATA6, and Foxa2.
CD3xCD19 DART molecule treatment induces non-apoptotic killing and is efficient against high-risk chemotherapy and venetoclax-resistant chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (2020)

These data show that CD3xCD19 DART in CLL leads to robust T cell activation and lysis of high-risk venetoclax resistant CLL cells through a non-apoptotic mechanism.
Regulation of the amylolytic and (hemi-)cellulolytic genes in aspergilli (2001)

Filamentous fungi produce high levels of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and are frequently used for the production of industrial enzymes. Because of the high secretory capacity for enzymes, filamentous fungi are effective hosts for the production of foreign proteins. Genetic studies with Aspergillus nidulans have shown pathway-specific regulatory systems that control a set of genes that must be expressed to catabolize particular substrates. Besides the pathway-specific regulation, wide domain regulatory systems exist that affect a great many individual genes in different pathways. A molecular analysis of various regulated systems has confirmed the formal models derived from purely genetic data. In general, many genes are subject to more than one regulatory system. In this article, we describe two transcriptional activators, AmyR and XlnR, and an enhancer, Hap complex, in view of their regulatory roles in the expression of the amylolytic and (hemi-)cellulolytic genes mainly in aspergilli. The amyR gene has been isolated as a transcriptional activator involved in the expression of amylolytic genes from A. oryzae, A. niger, and A. nidulans, and the xlnR gene, which has been isolated from A. niger and A. oryzae, activates the expression of xylanolytic genes as well as some cellulolytic genes in aspergilli. Both AmyR and XlnR have a typical zinc binuclear cluster DNA-binding domain at their N-terminal regions. Hap complex, a CCAAT-binding complex, enhances the overall promoter activity and increases the expression levels of many fungal genes, including the Taka-amylase A gene. Hap complex comprises three subunits, HapB, HapC, and HapE, in A. nidulans and A. oryzae as well as higher eukaryotes, whereas HAP complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis has the additional subunit, Hap4p, which is responsible for the transcriptional activation. Hap complex is suggested to enhance transcription by remodeling the chromatin structure. The regulation of gene expression in filamentous fungi of industrial interest could follow basically the same general principles as those discovered in A. nidulans. The knowledge of regulation of gene expression in combination with traditional genetic techniques is expected to be increasingly utilized for strain breeding. Furthermore, this knowledge provides a basis for the rational application of transcriptional regulators for biotechnological processes in filamentous fungi.
"Lucia di Lammermoor" y "El Diluvio" en Covent Garden: De la temporada de ópera londinense (1959)

In laying hen production, cage-free housing is growing rapidly to provide living conditions that meet hens' needs. Unlike cages, this housing requires nests for automatic collection of eggs, as eggs laid outside nests must be collected by hand. Selecting hens for nest-related traits, such as egg production in nests and nesting behaviour, could help meet the requirements of cage-free housing. However, genetic correlations between these traits and major traits of breeding programmes, such as egg quality or BW, are poorly known. In addition, the genetic determinism of major traits has rarely been studied under cage-free conditions. The objective of the present study was to estimate the heritability of egg quality and BW measured on the floor and their genetic correlations with nest-related traits. Egg production in nests was based on the laying rate in nests, laying rhythm (clutch number and mean oviposition time), and nest acceptance. Nesting behaviour was based on nest preference (mean distance between nests used for laying) and mean laying duration (time spent in the nest for laying). Nest-related traits were recorded from 24 to 64 weeks of age. BW and egg quality were measured at 50 and 55 weeks of age, respectively. Nest-related traits and identification of the eggs laid by each hen (for individual measurements of egg quality) were obtained using individual electronic nests used by hens raised in groups and on the floor. The phenotypes of 1 455 Rhode Island Red and 1 538 White Leghorn hens were analysed. Heritability coefficients and genetic correlations were estimated using a multi-trait animal model for each line. Heritability estimates for egg quality and BW were moderate to high for both lines (0.17-0.74). Overall, weak genetic correlations were estimated between nest-related traits and egg quality or BW for both lines. However, strong and antagonistic genetic correlations were estimated between eggshell strength and laying rate in the nests (-0.46 to -0.42) or laying rhythm (+0.46 to +0.68) for both lines. Several moderate-to-strong genetic correlations were found for White Leghorn between nest-related traits and egg weight, eggshell shape, albumen height, and BW. This study shows that nest-related traits can be used to select hens better adapted to cage-free housing without degrading overall egg quality and BW. It also shows that some traits, like the eggshell strength, must be carefully monitored if these new traits are included in breeding goals. These results must now be confirmed for other populations and larger datasets.
Automated annotation of human faces in family albums (2003)

Automatic annotation of photographs is one of the most desirable needs in family photograph management systems. In this paper, we present a learning framework to automate the face annotation in family photograph albums. Firstly, methodologies of content-based image retrieval and face recognition are seamlessly integrated to achieve automated annotation. Secondly, face annotation is formulated in a Bayesian framework, in which the face similarity measure is defined as maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. Thirdly, to deal with the missing features, marginal probability is used so that samples which have missing features are compared with those having the full feature set to ensure a non-biased decision. The experimental evaluation has been conducted within a family album of few thousands of photographs and the results show that the proposed approach is effective and efficient in automated face annotation in family albums.
Thüringen 1920 bis 1995. Von der Gründung des Landes bis zum Freistaat (1999)

Die historischen Wurzeln der Länder, die heute das Staatsgebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bilden, reichen weit zurück. Ihre moderne Entwicklung setzt allerdings erst nach der Aufhebung der Monarchie infolge der Novemberrevolution von 1918 ein. Nur wenige der heutigen Bundesländer können aber diese historische Zäsur zum Ausgangspunkt ihrer heutigen Existenz erklären, denn die Mehrzahl von ihnen ist erst im Ergebnis der territorialen Neuordnung nach dem Ende des zweiten Weltkrieges entstanden, als die Auflösung des preußischen Staates über ganz Deutschland hinweg neue Gebietszusammenschlüsse ermöglichte. Das Land Thüringen — 1920 durch den freiwilligen Zusammenschluß von sieben Kleinstaaten ins Leben getreten — gehört somit wie Bayern und Sachsen, beide seinerzeit als Freistaaten aus bisherigen Königreichen hervorgegangen, gewissermaßen zu den »Altländern« im heutigen Deutschland, obwohl es seinen endgültigen Gebietsumfang erst 1945 erreicht hat.
Polypeptide chain fold of human transforming growth factor .alpha. analogous to those of mouse and human epidermal growth factors as studied by two-dimensional proton NMR (1989)

The 1H NMR spectrum of human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was analyzed almost completely by the sequential assignment method using two-dimensional NMR techniques. On the basis of the nearly complete sequence-specific resonance assignment, secondary and tertiary structures of human TGF-alpha in solution (pH 4.9, 28 degrees C) were determined to satisfy the upper limits of proton-proton distances derived from nuclear Overhauser effect experiments. Although human TGF-alpha and mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) share 27% homology in amino acid sequence, the backbone chain folds in the two growth factors are quite similar. The structure and function of TGF-alpha is well characterized by the "mitten model" previously proposed for mouse EGF. The gross shape of the TGF-alpha molecule resembles a mitten. TGF-alpha interacts with the receptor as a mitten would grasp an object. However, there is an appreciable structural difference between the two growth factors in the back of the mitten that is formed by the N-terminal polypeptide segment. This is consistent with the evidence that the backs of these molecules are not involved in the receptor binding.
Personalized online information search and visualization (2005)

The Web-searching software or similar system has potential to be an efficient tool for both bench scientists and clinicians for their daily information needs.
Importance of Dietary Cholesterol for the Maturation of Mouse Brain Myelin (1992)

The effect of nil (control), 1% (CH-1) and 5% (CH-5) dietary cholesterol on the myelination of mouse brain, and its deposition in the heart and liver were investigated during infancy. Swiss Webstar female mice were given formulated diets from early gestation, and their pups were weaned on the same diet as that of the individual mothers up to 60 days after birth. The test diets increased the liver weight and cholesterol content compared to the control even in suckling pups (20 days), but did not significantly influence the heart weight until 60 days. The cholesterol content of the heart was not increased by the CH-1 diet throughout the feeding period, but it did increase the mole ratio of major myelin lipids and hastened its maturation. Myelin cholesterol was 10% higher in 20-day-old suckling pups in the CH-5 group compared to the control. Data indicate that dietary cholesterol altered the brain myelination rate of weaning mice, and that the mother's dietary cholesterol influenced myelination of the suckling pups.
Decreasing Mortality Associated With the Introduction of Surfactant Therapy: An Observational Study of Neonates Weighing 601 to 1300 Grams at Birth (1993)

Objective. To determine whether the introduction of surfactant therapy was associated with decreased mortality for high-risk preterm neonates weighing 601 to 1300 g at birth. Design. Before-after observational study. Setting. Eight tertiary care neonatal intensive care units participating in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Patients. The outcomes for neonates with birth weight 601 to 1300 g admitted in the 2 years before surfactants became available (n = 2780) were compared with those of neonates admitted in the year beginning 2 months after surfactants became available (n = 1413). Main outcome measures. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcome measures included durations of assisted ventilation, length of hospitalization, and neonatal morbidity. Results. Forty percent of neonates in the postsurfactant group received surfactant (range 28% to 69% at the centers). Mortality decreased from 27.8% before to 19.9% after surfactant therapy was introduced (Mantel-Haenszel x2 = 31.4, P = .001). The adjusted odds ratio for mortality after surfactants became available was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.95). The duration of assisted ventilation and length of hospitalization increased after surfactants were introduced (P = .0001 for both outcomes). Conclusion. Mortality for neonates weighing 601 to 1300 g decreased after surfactant therapy was introduced, suggesting that the efficacy of surfactants demonstrated in randomized controlled trials will translate into effectiveness in routine clinical care.
Smartocracy: Social Networks for Collective Decision Making (2007)

Smartocracy is a social software system for collective decision making. The system is composed of a social network that links individuals to those they trust to make good decisions and a decision network that links individuals to their voted-on solutions. Such networks allow a variety of algorithms to convert the link choices made by individual participants into specific decision outcomes. Simply interpreting the linkages differently (e.g. ignoring trust links, or using them to weight an individual's vote) provides a variety of outcomes fit for different decision making scenarios. This paper can discuss the Smartocracy network data structures, the suite of collective decision making algorithms currently supported, and the results of two collective decisions regarding the design of the system
Processability characteristics of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (1974)

Abstract Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) is known to have a higher softening temperature than conventional poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Its processability characteristics are, however, different; it has been reported that CPVC is more difficult to process. However, only limited information on the processability characteristics is available. This paper describes some studies of the flow behavior of CPVC melts in a capillary rheometer. The true melt viscosity and activation energy were determined between 190° and 210°C for a number of samples, and they appear to be related to the cohesive energy density of the samples. It was observed that melt fracture, i.e., gross distortion of the extrudate, occurs even at low shear rates in samples having a high chlorine content. This has been attributed to the relatively high pressures that have to be used, the pronounced non‐Newtonian nature of the melt, and melt elasticity. It is postulated that melt elasticity could result from crosslinking at the site of the double bond which is known to be formed by dehydrochlorination.
HYDROXYSTEARIC ACIDS. I. THE CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF THE 9, 10-EPOXYSTEARATES<sup>2</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHYDROXYSTEARIC ACIDS. I. THE CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF THE 9, 10-EPOXYSTEARATES2C. H. MACK and W. G. BICKFORDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 6, 686–692Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01134a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (512 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Web page recommendations using Radial Basis Neural Network technique (2013)

The exponential explosion of various contents on the Web, made Recommendation Systems increasingly indispensable. Innumerable different kinds of recommendations are made on the Web every day, including movies, music, images, books recommendations, query suggestions, tags recommendations, etc. The proposed system uses the historical browsers' data for search keywords and provides users with most relevant web pages. All the users click-through activity such as number of times he visited, duration he spent, his mouse movements and several other variables are stored in database. The proposed system uses this database and process to rank them. We have proposed a Radial Basis Function Neural Network[RBFNN]. The results obtained using the proposed technique produces the most relevant results as compared to aggregation technique based method. The proposed framework can be utilized in many recommendation tasks on the World Wide Web, including expert finding, image recommendations, image annotations, etc. The experimental results show the promising future of our work.
Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed directly on fixed infected cell monolayers for evaluating drugs against varicella-zoster virus (1985)

An in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), performed directly on fixed varicella-zoster virus-infected monolayers, was used to quantitate viral antigen, and by color reduction it was used to evaluate the activity of drugs against varicella-zoster virus. Color production in the ELISA (optical density) was directly related to the dose of input virus. Antigen representing 5 to 10 plaques could be detected 3 days after infection. The ELISA was specific and reproducible, as shown by absorption and repeat experiments, respectively. A color-reduction test by ELISA was compared with the conventional plaque-reduction assay for its ability to measure the antiviral activity of acyclovir, bromovinyldeoxyuridine, trifluorothymidine, and vidarabine against four strains of varicella-zoster virus. In all cases but one the 50% inhibitory doses were lower when measured by ELISA than by the plaque-reduction assay. This in situ ELISA color reduction method had the following advantages over the conventional plaque-reduction assay: the endpoint was an objective measurement; there was less well-to-well variation; the assay was sensitive to changes in plaque size as well as plaque number; it was less labor intensive.
Introduction to sociology (2015)

This chapter offers an introduction to the subject of sociology and outlines some of the main sociological theories and research methods used within sociological inquiry. The chapter is divided into two sections: section one provides an overview of the major sociological theories and perspectives, while section two summarises the various approaches and methods used within sociological research. Weber's approach is often referred to as a social action theory and is based upon an interpretive approach. Branches of interpretive theory that have seen increasing popularity in recent times are phenomenology and ethnomethodology. Common to all interpretive research is the focus on exploring how as humans we make sense of our experiences and demonstrates the main differences between qualitative and quantitative research. The scientific approach is commonly associated with quantitative research and the most popular quantitative research methods that are used within healthcare include randomised controlled trials (RCT), cohort studies, longitudinal studies, other experimental methods and surveys.
Synthesis of A Novel Spirobisnitroxide Polymer and its Evaluation in an Organic Radical Battery (2009)

A straightforward synthesis of a novel spirobisnitroxide <strong>6</strong> has been developed. Cyclovoltammetry of <strong>6</strong> revealed two distinct reversible oxidation/reduction steps separated by ca. 740 mV indicating the formation of the corresponding oxoammonium cations. Rhodium-catalyzed polymerization of <strong>6</strong> afforded the polyacetylene polymer <strong>7</strong> bearing the pending spirobisnitroxide groups. Additionally, cross-linked <strong>7</strong> was prepared in the presence of 3 mol % of <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>′-diprop-2-ynyl-oxalamide. If oxidation of both nitroxide groups is considered, <strong>7</strong> possesses an unprecedented high theoretical charge capacity of 174 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>. Evaluation of the cross-linked polymer <strong>7</strong> as a cathode material for an organic radical battery showed very good cycling stability when the potential was kept below the oxidation potential of the five-membered nitroxide subunit of <strong>6</strong>. A presumable irreversible degradation of the polymeric backbone of <strong>7</strong> occurred at higher potentials, limiting the experimentally obtained charge capacity to 73 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>.
Acceleration of wound healing in traumatic ulcers by absorbable collagen sponge containing recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (2006)

The objective of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of topical application of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor loaded on a kind of absorbable collagen sponge (rbFGF/ACS) in patients with chronic traumatic ulcers. This double-blind controlled trial included 58 patients with chronic traumatic ulcers. The patients were randomized into two groups. After debridement, the wounds were covered with rbFGF/ACS and then bound up with sterile gauze in the rbFGF/ACS group (n = 30), or bound up with petrolatum sterile gauze in the placebo group (n = 28). The complete closure of the wounds was assessed by photography. The wounds that failed to heal were defined as incomplete healing after 3 weeks. Compared with the placebo group, rbFGF/ACS significantly increased the incidence of complete wound closure by 68% (90.0% versus 53.6%, P = 0.0019) after 3 weeks and shortened the time to achieve complete wound closure by 24% (10.6 days versus 13.9 days, P = 0.0171). There was no difference in side effects between the two groups. rbFGF/ACS significantly increased the incidence of complete wound closure, shortened the complete healing time and improved the healing quality of chronic traumatic ulcers. The safety profile in the rbFGF/ACS group was similar to that in placebo group.