gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Culture of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Mainly Leads to Chondrogenesis in Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(<scp>l</scp>-alanine) Diblock Copolymer Thermogel (2013)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-alanine) (PEG-L-PA)s with L-PA molecular weights of 620, 1100, and 2480 Da and a fixed molecular weight of PEG at 5000 Da were synthesized to compare the thermosensitive behavior, and to investigate their potential as a three-dimensional (3D) culture matrix of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The sol-to-gel transition temperature and the concentration ranges where the transition was observed decreased as the L-PA molecular weight increased. ADSCs were cultured in the 3D matrixes of in situ formed PEG-L-PA hydrogels, which were produced by increasing the temperature of cell-suspended PEG-L-PA aqueous solutions. The spherical morphology was maintained in the PEG-L-PA hydrogel, while the cells underwent fibroblastic morphological changes in the Matrigel over 14 days of incubation. ADSCs exhibited high expression of type II collagen in the PEG-L-PA thermogel. In addition, they also moderately expressed the biomarker of myogenic differentiation factor 1 as the same mesodermal lineages, as well as the type III β-tubulin as a cross-differentiation biomarker. Similar to the in vitro study, the ADSCs predominantly exhibited chondrogenic biomarkers in the in vivo study. The study demonstrates that the polypeptide thermogel of PEG-L-PA is promising as a 3D culture matrix of ADSCs and as an injectable tissue engineering biomaterial.
Characteristics of Learning and Memory Impairment Induced by ⊿9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rats (2001)

We investigated the characteristics of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of learning and memory using an 8-arm radial maze task, a water maze, a visual discrimination task with 2 figures and a passive avoidance test in rats. THC (6 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired spatial memory in the standard task of the 8-arm radial maze. THC (4-6 mg/kg, i.p.) selectively impaired working memory in a reference and working memory task of the 8-arm radial maze. Even at a dose of 10 mg/kg, THC did not impair spatial memory in the water maze. In addition, THC at a dose of 6 mg/kg, which had inhibitory effects in the 8-arm radial maze, did not affect performance in the visual discrimination task. These results indicate that at low doses (2-6 mg/kg), THC may not produce visual function abnormalities. THC impaired retrieval (6 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as acquisition (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the passive avoidance test. The consolidation process was also impaired by i.c.v. injection (100 microg), but not i.p. injection (6-10 mg/kg) of THC. These results suggest that THC-induced impairment of spatial memory is based on the selective impairment of working memory through its effects on acquisition and retrieval processes.
Neoplasms associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. (1976)

Mr. Tyner has been asked to resign and the Fourth Assistant Postmaster General will perform the investigation.
Self-assembled Monolayers for Controlling Hydrophobicity and/or Friction and Wear (2000)

Reliability of microdevices, also commonly referred to as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as well as magnetic storage devices (which include magnetic rigid disk drives, flexible disk drives, and tape drives), require the use of molecularly thick films for protection of sliding surfaces (Bhushan et al., 1995a; Bhushan, 1996, 1998a, 1999a). A solid or liquid film is generally necessary for acceptable friction and wear properties of sliding interfaces. A small quantity of liquid present between some surfaces can substantially increase the static friction as a result of formation of menisci or adhesive bridges (Bhushan, 1999b). Smooth surfaces in contact, and in the presence of a small amount of liquid, generally tend to adhere or stick strongly and can exhibit high static friction (Bhushan, 1996). It becomes a major concern in devices operating at ultralow loads as the liquid-mediated adhesive force may be on the same order as the external load and may lead to high friction and wear.
Improved procedures for the isolation of pure oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids or their methyl esters from natural sources (1976)

Abstract The methods normally employed for the isolation of pure methyl oleate, linoleate, and α‐linolenate from appropriate natural sources are reviewed and simple procedures for isolating these esters are recommended. Evening Primrose Oil ( Oenothera biennis ) is a particularly useful source of linoleic acid.
Real-Time Volumetric Cloudscapes (2016)

Real-time volumetric clouds in games usually pay for fast performance with a reduction in quality. The most successful approaches are limited to low-altitude ﬂuﬀy and translucent stratus-type clouds. We propose a volumetric solution that can ﬁll a sky with evolving and realistic results that depict high-altitude cirrus clouds and all of the major low-level cloud types, including thick, billowy cumu-lus clouds. Additionally, our approach approximates several volumetric lighting eﬀects that have not yet been present in real-time cloud rendering solutions. And ﬁnally, this solution performs well enough in memory and on the GPU to be included in a AAA console game. (See Figure 4.1.)The standard solutions for rendering clouds in AAA console games involve assets of some kind, either 2D billboards, polar sky dome images, or volumetric libraries that are instanced at render time. For games that require a constantly changing sky and allow the player to cover vast distances, such as open world, the beneﬁts of highly detailed assets are overshadowed by the cost of storing and accessing data for multiple camera angles, times of day, and lighting conditions. Additionally, the simulation of cloud system evolution is limited to tricks or fakes such as rotating the sky dome or distorting images using 2D noise.
Paramagnetic Hyperfine Interactions in an eg2 Configuration of 57Fe (1972)

Paramagnetic hyperfine structure (PHS) is observed in the Mössbauer spectrum of FeO4−2 diluted in concentrated NaOH in the presence of applied magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 2 kOe. The experimental results give an isotropic hyperfine interaction (A = − 1.17 mm/sec in the nuclear excited state), g=2.0 (isotropic) and no electric field gradient all of which are consistent with an eg2 configuration for the Fe6+ ion. Because of the dilution and low temperatures, the relaxation time among the electronic states is long enough for the 57Fe nucleus to couple to the magnetic moment in each state-when there is a moment induced by the applied field. The saturation value of the hyperfine field is somewhat smaller than expected (175 kOe).
Impact of RNase L Overexpression on Viral and Cellular Growth and Death (1998)

The biologic actions of interferons (IFNs) are complex and involve multiple biochemical mechanisms, including the 2-5A system, a regulated RNA decay pathway. The 2-5A system is implicated in the antipicornavirus activity of IFN and in the control of apoptosis. To further investigate involvement of the 2-5A system in the control of viral and cellular growth and death, human RNase L cDNA was stably expressed in murine 3T3 cells from a constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. A clonal cell line, 3T3/pLZ, was isolated that overexpressed RNase L by >100-fold compared with levels of the endogenous murine RNase L. Interestingly, human RNase L levels in 3T3/pLZ cells decreased 3-fold as cells entered a confluent, growth arrest state, suggesting autoregulation. Overexpression of human RNase L greatly enhanced both the cell growth inhibitory activity of IFN and the proapoptotic activity of staurosporine. Furthermore, high levels of RNase L suppressed the replication of diverse viruses: encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, human parainfluenza virus-3, and vaccinia virus. Additional reductions in viral growth were obtained by treating 3T3/pLZ cells with IFN (a + beta) before infections. These results directly demonstrate the anticellular and antiviral potential of the 2-5A system.
Climate and site management as driving factors for the atmospheric greenhouse gas exchange of a restored wetland (2012)

Abstract. The full atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of a restored wetland in Western Denmark could be established for the years 2009–2011 from eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes. The water table in the wetland, being restored in 2002, was unregulated, and the vegetation height was limited through occasional grazing by cattle and grass cutting. The annual net CO2 uptake varied between 195 and 983 g m−2 and the annual net CH4 release varied between 11 and 17 g m−2. In all three years the wetland was a carbon sink and removed between 42 and 259 g C m−2 from the atmosphere. However, in terms of the annual GHG budget (assuming that 1 g CH4 is equivalent to 25 g CO2 with respect to the greenhouse effect) the wetland was a sink in 2009, a source in 2010 and neutral in 2011. Complementary observations of meteorological factors and management activities were used to explain the large inter-annual variations in the full atmospheric GHG budget of the wetland. It is shown that the largest impacts on the annual GHG fluxes, eventually defining their sign, came from site management through changes in grazing duration and animal stocking density and from extreme weather patterns through an unusually long period of snow cover in the second year of observations. Since integrated CO2 and CH4 flux data from restored wetlands are still very rare, it is concluded that more long-term flux measurements are needed to predict the role of this land use type in the atmospheric GHG budget more accurately.
Low V<sub>on</sub> 17kV SiC IGBT assisted n-MOS Thyristor (2019)

The SiC MOS thyristor with IGBT was designed and fabricated for the first time. Von of 5 V and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">onA,diff</sub> of 15 mΩcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> were improved over IGBTs fabricated under the same wafer and process conditions. The on-characteristics were almost constant with temperature, and did not deteriorate at 423K. Proposed MOS thyristor succeeded in switching operation, and the switching speed was equivalent to that of the IGBT in both turn-on and turn-off.
Mechanisms of the adjuvant effect of hemoglobin in experimental peritonitis. III. The influence of hemoglobin on phagocytosis and intracellular killing by human granulocytes. (1980)

The effect of hemoglobin on the ability of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) to phagocytize and kill opsonized E. coli was measured. Results show that the addition of hemoglobin in a concentration of 0.1% inhibititis phagocytotic activity of PMNs from 68% to 13% after 30 minutes and from 73% to 45% after 60 minutes. The rate of intracellular killing after the addition of hemoglobin in the concentration of 0.5% declined from 63% to 21%. Though these experiments do not allow any conclusions as to the exact mechanism of action of hemoglobin in inhibition of phagocytosis, it seems likely from other data that the inhibitory activity resides in the heme part of the molecule. We conclude that hemoglobin inhibits phagocytotic activity and the ability to kill ingested bacteria of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. This provides an additional mechanism for the adjuvant action of hemoglobin in intraperitoneal infections and supports the theory that hemoglobin acts directly on the granulocyte to impair the essential host defenses.
Virtual 2-D Gel Electrophoresis:  Visualization and Analysis of the <i>E. </i><i>c</i><i>oli</i> Proteome by Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Mass spectrometric surface analysis of isoelectric focusing gels provides an ultrasensitive approach to proteome analysis. This "virtual 2-D gel" approach, in which mass spectrometry is substituted for the size-based separation of SDS-PAGE, provides advantages in mass resolution and accuracy over classical 2-D gels and can be readily automated. Protein identities can be postulated from molecular mass (+/-0.1-0.2% for proteins of <50 kDa in size) and pI (+/-0.3 pH unit) and confirmed by MALDI in-source decay of the intact protein (providing sequence spanning up to 43 residues) or by peptide mass mapping following gel-wide chemical cleavage. Additionally, posttranslational modifications such as fatty acid acylation can be detected by the mass-resolved heterogeneity of component hydrocarbon chains. Sensitivity was evaluated by comparing the number of proteins detected by this method to equivalently loaded silver-stained 2-D gels. In the 5.7-6.0 pH range, E. coli is predicted to contain 435 proteins; virtual 2-D gels found 250 proteins ranging from >2 to <120 kDa in size present at levels to tens of femtomoles, as compared to the 100 proteins found by silver-staining 2-D gels. Extrapolating this result to the total theoretical proteome suggests that this technology is capable of detecting over 2500 E. coli proteins.
Aspects physiologiques et biochimiques de l'interaction vigne-botrytis cinerea : synthèse et dégradation du resveratrol (1994)

Although cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has advanced greatly, it remains a challenge, and protocols should be optimized to handle the heterogeneous nature of ovarian samples. In an effort to address this factor, the present study evaluated the effects of corpus luteum (CL) and side of ovaries (right versus left) on cellular morphology and viability of vitrified bovine ovarian fragments in a closed system. The ovaries were categorized according to whether they had a CL and which side they were on, and then divided into six groups: 1) CL+ (with CL) group; 2) CL- (without CL) group; 3) right ovaries group; 4) left ovaries group; 5) fresh control group (ovaries without vitrification or culture that were not selected for CL or ovarian side) and 6) <i>In vitro</i> culture medium control group (non-vitrified ovaries that were not selected for the presence or absence of CL or side of the ovaries). The current study shows that the CL- and right groups had the greatest percentage of follicles with normal morphology compared to other vitrified-warmed groups. Furthermore, the levels of necrosis and tissue damage of the right cultured group were the lowest compared to other groups. It was shown that bovine ovarian tissues derived from right ovaries and ovaries without a corpus luteum can be functionally and morphologically preserved after vitrification. For the first time, the present study suggests that bovine ovarian tissue vitrification can be improved by considering the origin of the ovaries.
Federation (2010)

Manycore architectures designed for parallel workloads are likely to use simple, highly multithreaded, in-order cores. This maximizes throughput, but only with enough threads to keep hardware utilized. For applications or phases with more limited parallelism, we describe creating an out-of-order processor on-the-fly, by federating two neighboring in-order cores. We reuse the large register file in the multithreaded cores to implement some out-of-order structures and reengineer other large, associative structures into simpler lookup tables. The resulting federated core provides twice the single-thread performance of the underlying in-order core, allowing the architecture to efficiently support a wider range of parallelism.
Über die Mutarotation des Lobelins. <i>Cis‐trans</i>‐Isomere in der Reihe der <i>Lobelia</i>‐Alkaloide. 9. Mitteilung über Alkaloidsynthesen (1958)

Abstract Die Mutarotation des Lobelins beruht auf einer Racemisierung an dem Ringkohlenstoffatom, das die Phenacylgruppe trägt. Es wird gefunden, dass sich Verbindungen, die in α‐Stellung am Piperidinring eine Phenacylgruppe tragen, leicht umlagern.
The three‐dimensional structure of the interleaving layers in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean (2004)

The interleaving of water masses across the equator is a predominant feature in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean. The interleaving is thought to promote lateral mixing and impact on the basin‐wide dynamics of the equatorial ocean. Hydrographic observations in the western equatorial Pacific have, for the first time, provided the three‐dimensional structure of the interleaving layers. Though the details are different, the general characteristics of the vertical and meridional structure are consistent with previous observations. The layers show a remarkably long zonal coherence, with individual layer being in excess of 700 km in length, which are matched only by intrusions in the Arctic. The large zonal coherence is further evidence of the potential importance of the interleaving, and points to the need to include the process in models of the equatorial ocean.
G89-948 Safe Operation of Compact Tractors (1989)

Follow these safety tips and maintenance procedures for checking, servicing and operating compact tractors to extend their life and reduce breakdowns and accidents. Lawn and turf maintenance is easier because of modern compact tractors, but carelessness can spell trouble. Most tractors used in grounds care can be classified into three size groups: 1) riding lawn mowers (3 to 8 horsepower) which are fitted with a mower and usually do not have other equipment or attachments that could be mounted separately; 2) lawn and garden or compact tractors (7 to 40 horsepower) that can be mounted with a variety of tools and equipment; and 3) large tractors which range from 40 to 80 horsepower and have a low center of gravity for working slopes. These large tractors can be equipped with a variety of attachments.
Grain Flow Measurement with a Pivoted Auger (1987)

ABSTRACT Apivoted auger was studied as a means of determining mass grain flow. Laboratory tests using wheat and corn were conducted at several grain flow rates and moisture contents. Models for predicting mass flow for both grains were developed. The data indicated a nearly linear relationship for dry grain which became increasingly nonlinear as moisture content increased. Error was less than 5% if grain moisture content remained within specified ranges.
The mechanism of action of probiotics (2007)

This review of probiotics and inflammatory bowel disease marshals support for the concept that administration of probiotics ameliorates inflammation by exerting positive effects on the epithelial cell dysfunction and mucosal immune system dysfunction that forms the basis of the inflammation.
Synthesis and field emission testing of carbon nanoflake edge emitters (2004)

Nanometer edged carbon structures, carbon nanoflakes (CNF), have been synthesized on 50-150 nm diameter nickel arrays. Scanning electron microscopy shows CNF preferentially growing on the Ni dots with the irregular carbon flakes standing perpendicular to the substrate. Raman spectra of this structure show a typical carbon feature with D and G peaks at 1350 and 1580 cm/sup -1/, respectively. Preliminary results of field emission testing, including field emission spectroscopy, I-E curves, Fowler-Nordheim plots and stability curves, indicate that this structure could act as a conductive, robust, edge emitter.
Activity of the Anthelmintic Benzimidazoles against Giardia lamblia In Vitro (1990)

In vitro growth of the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia was highly sensitive to certain anthelmintic benzimidazoles. Albendazole and mebendazole were 30- to 50-fold more active than metronidazole and 4- to 40-fold more active than quinacrine. Thiabendazole, a noncarbamate benzimidazole, was less active. Since lack of intestinal absorption makes mebendazole an attractive new antigiardial agent, its in vitro activity was further characterized. At low concentrations (0.05 micrograms/ml) mebendazole had a static effect on G. lamblia growth; however, lethal activity was observed at a concentration fivefold lower (0.3 micrograms/ml) than necessary for the cidal agent metronidazole. Two observations are consistent with a microtubule target for mebendazole. First, attachment of cells to the culture tube, mediated by the ventral disk and flagella, was rapidly disrupted by mebendazole treatment. Second, the characteristic cell structure was grossly distorted by treatment. No mebendazole-resistant G. lamblia were detected in a population of 10(8) cells.
Association between avian necrotic enteritis and<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>strains expressing NetB toxin (2009)

A novel toxin, NetB, has recently been identified in virulent avian Clostridium perfringens isolates and shown to be an essential virulence factor in a clinical necrotic enteritis isolate. To assess whether NetB is more generally associated with avian necrotic enteritis isolates we have screened a range of C. perfringens strains from geographically diverse locations for both the presence and expression of the netB gene. Forty-four isolates were derived from necrotic enteritis disease cases from Australia, Belgium, Denmark and Canada and 55 isolates from healthy chickens from Australia and Belgium. The majority of strains isolated from necrotic enteritis-affected birds were netB positive (70%) and there was an absolute correlation between the presence of netB and in vitro expression of the NetB protein. Only two of the C. perfringens isolates from healthy chickens carried netB. Sequencing of the netB gene from 23 positive isolates showed that NetB is highly conserved, with only one predicted amino acid (A168T) difference, in six isolates, compared to the published sequence. This change did not alter the in vitro activity of the NetB toxin. The gene encoding the recently discovered TpeL toxin was also screened using PCR and only found in a small proportion of NetB-positive isolates from diseased birds. A selection of NetB-negative isolates, originating from diseased birds, was unable to cause disease in a necrotic enteritis induction model. This study provides further evidence that NetB is important in pathogenesis and advances our current understanding of C. perfringens virulence factors in avian necrotic enteritis.
Thermoelectric devices using InN and Al1−xInxN thin films prepared by reactive radio-frequency sputtering (2004)

We have fabricated thermoelectric devices using InN and Al0.25In0.75N prepared by radio-frequency sputtering. The devices are composed of (a) Al0.25In0.75N–chromel of 20 pairs on SiO2 glass, (b) InN–chromel of 20 pairs on SiO2 glass, and (c) InN-chromel of 20 pairs on polyimide film. The maximum output power and the open output voltage were (a) 1.6×10−6W and 0.21V at the temperature difference ΔT=345K, 263×10−12W and 2.7×10−3V at ΔT=4.8K, (b) 3.9×10−6W and 0.22V at ΔT=332K, 282×10−12W and 2.4×10−3V at ΔT=4.1K, and (c) 0.33×10−6W and 0.089V at ΔT=280K, 63×10−12W and 1.4×10−3V at ΔT=4.5K, respectively.
Fractionation of Lignin Derived Compounds from Thermochemically Processed Lignin Towards Antimicrobial Properties (2018)

The overuse of antibiotics in agriculture is an emerging concern, due to their potential detrimental impact to the environment. This study focuses on exploring antimicrobial properties of lignin derived compounds. Lignin is of interest as a feedstock to replacing some petroleum-based chemicals and products because it is the most abundant source of renewable aromatic compounds on the planet. Two lignin rich streams, residues from the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid and alkaline pretreated corn stover, were decomposed via pyrolysis and hydrogenolysis, respectively. The resulting liquid oils were subjected to sequential extractions using a series of solvents with different polarities. Chemical compositions of the extracted fractions were characterized through HPLC and GC/MS. These extracted compounds were screened against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus amylovorus for antimicrobial properties. Six lignin model monomers: guaiacol, vanillin, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and syringic acid were compared to the oils and extracted fractions for antimicrobial properties. Development of lignin-derived chemicals with antimicrobial properties could provide a novel use for this underutilized natural resource.