gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral microscopy of explosives particles using an external cavity quantum cascade laser (2012)

Using infrared hyperspectral imaging, microscopy of small particles of the explosives compounds RDX, tetryl, and PETN with near diffraction-limited performance is demonstrated. The custom microscope apparatus includes an external cavity quantum cascade laser illuminator scanned over its tuning range of 9.13 to 10.53 μm in 4 s, coupled with a microbolometer focal plane array to record infrared transmission images. The hyperspectral microscopy technique is used to study the infrared absorption spectra of individual explosives particles, and demonstrate subnanogram detection limits.
A Spontaneous Model for Autoimmune Myocarditis Using the Human MHC Molecule HLA-DQ8 (2004)

Genome-wide analyses have shown that the MHC class II region is the principal locus that confers susceptibility to a number of human autoimmune diseases. Due to the high degree of linkage disequilibrium across the MHC, it has been difficult to dissect the contribution of individual genes to disease susceptibility. As a result, intensive efforts have been made to generate mice transgenic for human class II molecules as models of autoimmune disease. However, in every case, additional manipulations-such as immunization with Ag in adjuvant, expression of immunostimulants on target tissues, or coexpression of TCR transgenes-have been required to induce disease. In this study, we show that expression of the human HLA-DQ8 (DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302) molecule alone in three lines of transgenic nonobese diabetic murine class II-deficient (mII(-/-)) mice results in the spontaneous development of autoimmune myocarditis. The disease shares key features of human myocarditis and was characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates in the myocardium and cardiac myocyte destruction, circulating IgG autoantibodies against cardiac myosin heavy chain, and premature death due to heart failure. We demonstrate that myocarditis could be transferred into healthy HLA-DQ8(+)RAG-1(-/-)mII(-/-) nonobese diabetic recipients with lymphocytes, but not sera. It has been widely thought that autoimmune myocarditis is of infectious etiology, with the immune responses arising secondary to cardiac damage from pathogens. These studies provide direct experimental evidence that spontaneous autoimmune myocarditis can occur in the absence of infection and that expression of HLA-DQ8 confers susceptibility to this organ-specific autoimmune disease.
The efficacy of ceftizoxime in treating infections due to organisms resistant to other antibiotics (1982)

The efficacy of ceftizoxime as therapy of infections due to bacteria resistant to other antimicrobial agents was evaluated for those patients about whom sufficient in-vitro data were available. Ceftizoxime was effective therapy of 85% of cefazolin-resistant and cephalothin-resistant species, 100% of 24 carbenicillin-resistant bacteria and 87 of 102 (85%) cefamandole-resistant isolates. Furthermore, it was successfully used to treat 12 infections due to tobramycin-resistant bacteria. Overall, 85% of organisms resistant to carbenicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and cefamandole responded to therapy with ceftizoxime. This clinical response of infections due to bacteria resistant to older antibiotics is similar to the response seen with susceptible organisms.
Reversible, nicht metallunterstützte Bindung von Kohlendioxid durch frustrierte Lewis‐Paare (2009)

Seltene Beispiele für die metallfreie Bindung von Kohlendioxid sind frustrierte Lewis-Paare, bestehend aus sperrigen Phosphan- und Borankomponenten, die CO2 reversibel binden. Der Mechanismus der Bildung der CO2-Derivate 1 und 2 durch nahezu gleichzeitige P-C- und B-O-Bindungsbildung wurde mithilfe quantenchemischer Rechnungen charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinuclidine‐Benzyl(ethylcarbamoyl)borane: The First Boron Analogue of a Phenylalanine Derivative. (1989)

Abstract The nitrile (VI), prepared in 3 steps from the borane (I), reacts with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (VII) to give the nitrilium salt (VIII).
Secure tunneling of high-precision clock synchronization protocols and other time-stamped data (2010)

This article analyzes the viability of secure tunneling for clock synchronization protocols with special respect to high-precision clock synchronization requiring hardware timestamping. It investigates whether security mechanisms introduced to protect timing information have an impact on the precision of clock synchronization. Two reference designs - one for an MII-based and one for a MAC-based time stamper - are used together with IPsec as a commonly used and favored secure tunneling protocol. Results of these investigations show that a straightforward application of the IPsec tunnel is not possible, yet there exist several possibilities to meet the requirements of secure high-precision hardware-supported clock synchronization together with IPsec, each however tied to special boundary conditions.
The Kinetics of the Reactions of Phenyl Isocyanate with Thiols<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the Reactions of Phenyl Isocyanate with Thiols1ELIZABETH DYER, JOHN F. GLENN, and EDWARD G. LENDRATCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 8, 2919–2925Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01066a071RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (665 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The use of reactive dyestuffs in enzymology: new substrates for cellulolytic enzymes (1963)

3. D-Glucaric acid was isolated from an enzyme digest, and identified as its bisphenylhydrazide.
On building inexpensive network capabilities (2012)

There are many deployed approaches for blocking unwanted traffic, either once it reaches the recipient's network, or closer to its point of origin. One of these schemes is based on the notion of traffic carrying capabilities that grant access to a network and/or end host. However, leveraging capabilities results in added complexity and additional steps in the communication process: Before communication starts a remote host must be vetted and given a capability to use in the subsequent communication. In this paper, we propose a lightweight mechanism that turns the answers provided by DNS name resolution - which Internet communication broadly depends on anyway - into capabilities. While not achieving an ideal capability system, we show the mechanism can be built from commodity technology and is therefore a pragmatic way to gain some of the key benefits of capabilities without requiring new infrastructure.
SVD for multioffset linearized inversion: Resolution analysis in multicomponent acquisition (2001)

Abstract Acquisition of the full elastic response (compressional and shear) of the subsurface is an important technology in the seismic industry because of its potential to improve the quality of seismic data and to infer accurate information about rock properties (fluid type and rock lithology). In the framework of 3-D propagation in 1-D media, we propose a computational tool to analyze the information about elastic parameters contained in the amplitudes of reflected waves with offset. The approach is based on singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis of the linearized elastic inversion problem and can be applied to any particular seismic data. We applied this tool to examine the type of information in the model space that can be retrieved from sea-bottom multicomponent measurements. The results are compared with those obtained from conventional streamer acquisition techniques. We also present multiparameter linearized inversion results obtained from synthetic data that illustrate the resolution of elastic parameters. This approach allows us to investigate the reliability of the elastic parameters estimated for different offset ranges, wave modes, data types, and noise levels involved in data space.
Comparison of inhibitors of superoxide generation in vascular smooth muscle cells (2009)

Maximum effectiveness against cellular production of O(2)(-) requires cell membrane permeability and catalytic action as exemplified by PEG-SOD or tempol. NAC and NBT have biphasic effects on O(2)(-) production. Vitamins C and E or analogues have low efficacy.
Clinical impact of a commercially available multiplex PCR system for rapid detection of pathogens in patients with presumed sepsis (2009)

The addition of multiplex PCR to conventional blood cultures had a relevant impact on clinical management for a subset of patients with presumed sepsis.
Moving Object Detection and Tracking Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

The object detection and tracking is the important steps of computer vision algorithm. The robust object detection is the challenge due to variations in the scenes. Another biggest challenge is to track the object in the occlusion conditions. Hence in this approach, the moving objects detection using TensorFlow object detection API. Further the location of the detected object is pass to the object tracking algorithm. A novel CNN based object tracking algorithm is used for robust object detection. The proposed approach is able to detect the object in different illumination and occlusion. The proposed approach achieved the accuracy of 90.88% on self generated image sequences.
Pentaphenoxyphosphorane (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentaphenoxyphosphoraneFausto Ramirez, A. J. Bigler, and C. P. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 13, 3507–3511Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01015a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01015a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural-Network-Based Models for Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting Using a Hybrid Exponential Smoothing and Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (2011)

This paper proposes a novel neural network (NN) training method that employs the hybrid exponential smoothing method and the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, which aims to improve the generalization capabilities of previously used methods for training NNs for short-term traffic flow forecasting. The approach uses exponential smoothing to preprocess traffic flow data by removing the lumpiness from collected traffic flow data, before employing a variant of the LM algorithm to train the NN weights of an NN model. This approach aids NN training, as the preprocessed traffic flow data are more smooth and continuous than the original unprocessed traffic flow data. The proposed method was evaluated by forecasting short-term traffic flow conditions on the Mitchell freeway in Western Australia. With regard to the generalization capabilities for short-term traffic flow forecasting, the NN models developed using the proposed approach outperform those that are developed based on the alternative tested algorithms, which are particularly designed either for short-term traffic flow forecasting or for enhancing generalization capabilities of NNs.
Normalization of Widespread Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity After Total Hip Replacement in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis Is Associated With Clinical and Functional Improvements (2013)

Normalization of widespread pressure pain hyperalgesia was found after successful hip joint replacement in patients with hip OA. Altered pain processing seems to be driven by ongoing peripheral joint pathology, which stresses the importance of reducing pain in OA.
Adaptive Step-size and Block-size FBLMS Algorithm (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel adaptive step-size and block-size frequency-domain block least mean square (ASB-FBLMS) algorithm. The convergence speed and the steady stage error are two conflicting factors in the traditional frequency-domain block least mean square (FBLMS) algorithm. While our algorithm optimally increase the convergence speed while maintaining or reducing the steady stage error by using an adaptive variable step-size and an adaptive variable block-size, it can also reduce the computational complexity effectively in a high transmission rate by utilizing an adaptive variable block-size. Through the simulation on the Matlab platform, the results demonstrated that our algorithm outperformed FBLMS algorithms currently reported in the literature in terms of faster convergence, smaller steady stage error and lower computational complexity.
Copper Etching in Ferric Chloride (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper Etching in Ferric ChlorideE. B. SaubestreCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 3, 288–290Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51394a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51394a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1680Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
X-ray scattering from interfacial roughness in multilayer structures (1992)

A quantitative theory of the nonspecular scattering of x rays from multilayer structures having rough interfaces is presented. The results are valid for arbitrary polarization and angles of incidence (measured from the normal) less than the critical angle for total external reflection. A structural model is adopted wherein each interface is assumed to be described by a surface having statistically random roughness with a well-behaved power spectrum. In addition, the model accounts for arbitrary correlation of the roughness between different interfaces. Calculations are presented for a variety of roughness configurations to investigate the dependence of the nonspecular scattering on the fundamental structural parameters. In particular, it is shown that the scattering from correlated roughness exhibits characteristic resonance behavior (quasi-Bragg diffraction).
Optical Second Harmonic Generation From Langmuir-Type Molecular Monolayers (1988)

A single molecular layer is generally sufficient to produce observable optical second harmonic generation (SHG). Furthermore, the selection rules governing this process make the SHG from a single monolayer often stronger than that from the medium supporting the monolayer. We have studied SHG from various Langmuir-type monolayers (i.e. monolayers spread on a water surface) in the following contexts: (1) Study of chemical reactions (e.g. polymerization) and two-dimensional phase transitions in molecular monolayers on water. (2) Development of a new technique to evaluate optical nonlinear coefficients of organic molecules, and their relationship to the molecular structure.
Threshold- and information-based holding at multiple stops (2009)

The objective of this study is the improvement in speed and regularity of transit systems using real-time control strategies, in particular, threshold-based and information-based vehicle holding. This objective is attained by taking into account the inherent uncertainty of transit operation, because of the random travel times and passenger arrivals at stops. A Monte Carlo simulation model of a single transit line is presented, with explicit representation of traffic lights. Both the straightforward threshold-based holding strategy and the strategy based on the availability of real-time information at stops, to take holding decision at single or multiple stops, are represented and compared, taking as a reference the results obtained by a conditional priority strategy at intersections, assumed to be given only by green extension actuated by local sensors. The results are evaluated and compared using performance indicators, coincident with waiting and on board time of transit users and with road traffic delay on transversal roads.
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDROHALOGENATION OF MONOHALOCYCLOPROPANES AS A METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SPATIALLY SHIELDED CYCLOPROPENES (1979)

Abstract Die auf üblichem Wege durch Additionen von Dibromcarben an die Olefine (I) dargestellten Dibromcyclopropane (II) werden mit Tributyl‐ SnH (weniger geeignet ist LiAlH 4 ) zu den Monobromderivaten (III) (Isomerengemische; 1 H‐NMR‐, IR‐Spektren) reduziert.
Phage display: development of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to the brain (2015)

The blood brain barrier represents a formidable obstacle for the transport of most systematically administered neurodiagnostics and neurotherapeutics to the brain. Phage display is a high throughput screening strategy that can be used for the construction of nanomaterial peptide libraries. These libraries can be screened for finding brain targeting peptide ligands. Surface functionalization of a variety of nanocarriers with these brain homing peptides is a sophisticated way to develop nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery platforms that are able to cross the blood brain barrier. These efficient drug delivery systems raise our hopes for the diagnosis and treatment of various brain disorders in the future.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: topically acting antiglaucoma sulfonamides incorporating phthaloyl and phthalimido moieties. (2001)

Sulfonamides incorporating 2-carboxy-benzenecarboxamido (phthaloyl) moieties in their molecules were prepared by reaction of phthalic anhydride with aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides in mild conditions. Another closely related series of derivatives was prepared by reaction of the same reagents in more energetic conditions, when the corresponding phthalimides were obtained. Some of these compounds showed very good in vitro carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes I, II and IV inhibitory properties, with affinities for the enzymes in the low nanomolar range for the best inhibitors. Some of the potent CA inhibitors reported here have been formulated as sodium salts, in aqueous solutions for topical administration as antiglaucoma agents, in normotensive/glaucomatous rabbits. Only the derivatives possessing good water solubility, showed effective and longer lasting topical intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering than dorzolamide and brinzolamide, two clinically used topical antiglaucoma drugs. All the in vivo effective new compounds belonged to the first series of derivatives, whereas the corresponding phthalimides, although stronger in vitro CA inhibitors were devoid of topical IOP lowering properties, probably due to their unproper physico-chemical properties.
A whole-brain gray and white matter analysis in children with 45XO karyotype Turner syndrome:voxelbased morphometry (2013)

Objective
To detect the structural changes of cerebral gray and white matter in children of monosomy Turner syndrome (TS) by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).


Methods
Nine children 45XO karyotype TS and 20 age-matched control girls were recruited in this study.Wechsler intelligence scale for children was used to obtain their intelligence quotients (IQ).High-resolution magnetic MR imaging was performed in TS children and control girls to collect the whole brain structural data.The data were analyzed by VBM based on SPM 8 to compare the volume of gray and white matter between the TS children and normal controls by using covariance analysis.


Results
The IQ of TS children was 81±13,and the IQ of the controls was 109±16.Statistical analysis revealed significant difference of IQ between the two groups (t=-4.70,P<0.05).Compared with normal controls,TS children showed significantly decreased volume (numbers of voxel in clusters were 631,525,520,t=3.95,3.50,3.36,P<0.05,FWE-corrected) in the gray matter of the right superior parietal lobule,postcentral gyrus,precuneus lobule,calcarine,cuneus cortices,as well as the left middle and inferior occipital lobe.However,the volume of the bilateral supplemental motor area and the medial superior frontal lobes,the right middle cingulum,the left superior,middle,and inferior temporal gyri were increased in the TS children compared to the controls.The left fusiform,the left parahippocampus,the left hippocampus and the left cerebellum were also enlarged in TS children (numbers of voxel in clusters were 2082,974,1708,588,579,t=5.45,4.59,4.40,4.29,3.55,P<0.05,FWE-corrected).White matter regions in the left postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobule showed significantly reduced volume (voxel number 957,t=5.85,P<0.05,FWE-corrected).


Conclusion
Children with monosomy TS show abnormal gray and white matter volumes in some brain regions,which may be involved in the neuropathology of Turner syndrome.


Key words: 
Turner syndrome;Magnetic resonance imaging;Child
Systemic cancer immunotherapy with Toll-like receptor 7 agonists (2012)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists represent a promising strategy for the immunotherapy of cancer. We have recently investigated the influence of TLR tolerance on the efficacy of systemic tumor treatment with TLR7 ligands. We propose that considering the kinetics of receptor sensitivity highly improves the outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
Validation of a Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Model in Women With a Positive Family History (1994)

Overall, the Gail et al. model accurately predicts risk in women with a family history of breast cancer and who adhere to American Cancer Society screening guidelines. Thus, the model should be used as it was intended, for women who receive annual mammograms.