gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of E-Science Experiments using a Provenance-based Approach (2005)

E-science experiments typically involve many distributed services maintained by different organisations. As part of the scientific process, it is important for scientists to be able to verify the correctness of their own experiments, or to review the correctness of their peers’ work. There is no existing framework for validating such experiments. Users therefore have to rely on error checking performed by the services, or adopt other ad hoc methods. This paper introduces a platform independent framework for validating workflow executions. The validation relies on reasoning over the documented provenance of experiment results and semantic descriptions of services advertised in a registry. This validation process ensures experiments are performed correctly, and thus results generated are meaningful. The framework is tested in a bioinformatics application that performs protein compressibility analysis.
Dose Delivery Characteristics of the AIR <sup>®</sup> Pulmonary Delivery System Over a Range of Inspiratory Flow Rates (2005)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo dose delivery characteristics of the AIR pulmonary delivery system over a range of flow rates. A 5-mg placebo powder of engineered particles with low densities (<0.4 g/cc) and large geometric diameters (>5 microm) was delivered via a simple, capsule based, passive dry powder inhaler. The emitted dose, geometric and aerodynamic particle size distributions (aPSDs) were obtained over a range of flow rates (15-60 LPM). The in vitro results demonstrated improved powder dispersion with increasing flow rate through the inhaler. The in vivo dose delivery characteristics were obtained by gamma scintigraphy. Twelve healthy subjects performed the following three inhalation maneuvers: (i) a targeted peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) of 20 +/- 10 LPM, (ii) a deep comfortable inhalation, and (iii) a deep forced inhalation. PIFR and inhaled volume were obtained during the inhalation of the dose using a spirometer. In vivo dose delivery was characterized by high and reproducible emitted doses (mean = 87%; inter and intra-subject CV = 5%) and high lung deposition (mean = 51% of the total dose), with low inter and intra-subject CVs (18% and 13%, respectively) across a range of PIFRs (12-86 LPM). Lung deposition of the total dose was shown not to be dependent on PIFR by analysis of variance across the range of inspiratory flow rates (p = 0.29). This was due to the competing effects of smaller aPSDs, increased extrathoracic deposition and higher emitted doses with increasing PIFR. Fully characterizing the effect of inspiratory flow rate requires analysis of the therapeutic response, as well as in vitro dose delivery and lung deposition.
Gamma-interferon reduces expression of the protooncogene c-erbB-2 in human ovarian carcinoma cells. (1990)

The overexpression of the protooncogene c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) in ovarian and mammary carcinoma is an important indicator for a bad prognosis. In this study we demonstrate that, in three of four ovarian carcinoma cell lines, there is a gamma-interferon-mediated reduction in c-erbB-2 specific protein, and this effect was found to correlate with the antiproliferative action. It is interesting to note that there is no relation between the absolute amount of c-erbB-2 protein expressed and the sensitivity of the ovarian carcinoma cells for an antiproliferative activity of gamma-interferon. Other chemotherapeutic agents did not affect c-erbB-2 expression, although they inhibited the proliferation. The oncogene expression was lowered only in the ovarian carcinoma cell lines and not in three gamma-interferon-sensitive human breast cancer cell lines. Expression of the oncogene c-erbB-2 is the leading prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. Its modulation might represent a mechanism by which gamma-interferon inhibits cell proliferation.
Mn<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1-x</sub>O Crystal Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method (2011)

Mn x Zn 1-X O Crystal was synthesized by hydrothermal method in this work.The experimental parameters for hydrothermal synyhesis were:Mineralizer concentration 3mol•L -1 KOH, the fill factor 35%, temperature 430°C, Zn(OH) 2 doped with MnO 2 as precursor, and the reaction time 24 hours. The Mn concentration in crystal was determined by X-ray EDS. The atomic percentage of Mn in crystal increases as the concentration of MnO 2 in precursor increased. The maximum atomic percentage for Mn is over 2%. The morphology shows characteristics of hexagonal prism of pure ZnO crystal. The exposed faces are hexagonal faces m｛10 0｝, hexagonal cone faces p｛10 1｝, negative polar faces ｛000 ｝and positive polar faces｛0001}. The diameters of the crystals are 50-200μm，the heights are 20-100μm.
Forming damped LRC parasitic circuits in simultaneously switched CMOS output buffers (2002)

Measurements of a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS testchip using several techniques have demonstrated a reduction in the generation of ground bounce. These techniques are: an automatic transistor sizing method that compensates for process, temperature, and supply voltage variations; a self-adjusting internal capacitive load that counteracts the increased switching rate of faster parts; and an integrated resistive element inserted directly into the power and ground leads that dampens the RLC oscillations. Comparison measurements between a conventional buffer and the new buffer have demonstrated that the amplitude and duration of the generated ground bounce has been reduced 2.5/spl times/ and 2/spl times/, respectively. A single external resistor is required to set a reference current.
Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of NSSC/CTMP effluent and biogas utilization (1992)

On traite de diverses situations survenues au cours de lamise en marche et des resultats positifs obtenus une fois atteinte la capacite maximale des installations.Pour terminer, on passe en revue les donnees d'exploitations
ChemInform Abstract: MONITORED AMINOLYSIS OF 3‐ACYL‐1,3‐THIAZOLIDINE‐2‐THIONE WITH AMINO ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION, CHEMOSELECTIVE ACYLATION, AND BRIDGING REACTION (1981)

Abstract Die geschützten Aminosäuren (I) reagieren mit Thiazolidinthion (TT) (II) in Gegenwart von Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC) zu den Amiden (III), die mit Aminosäuren (IV) unter gleichzeitigem Verschwinden der gelben Amidfärbung zu Dipeptiden (V) oder auch Tripeptiden kuppeln.
A novel route to the 4-anilido-4-(methoxycarbonyl)piperidine class of analgetics (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel route to the 4-anilido-4-(methoxycarbonyl)piperidine class of analgeticsPaul L. Feldman and Marcus F. BrackeenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 13, 4207–4209Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00300a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00300a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views765Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of uniaxial-strain on Ge p-i-n photodiodes integrated on Si (2009)

We demonstrate the effect of uniaxial tensile and compressive strain in Ge p-i-n photodiode integrated on Si using four-point bending structures. Responsivity at 1550 nm is increased from 0.67 to 0.75 A/W by tensile strain in the ⟨110⟩ direction while for compressive strain it decreases from 0.67 to 0.477 A/W. These uniaxial tensile and compressive strains also effectively result in shifts of the absorption spectra toward longer and shorter wavelength as they reduce or increase the direct bandgap energy of the Ge layer, respectively.
Spectrum Analysis of Recorded Magnetization Using Magnetic Force Microscopy (1995)

Spectrum analyses of recorded magnetization were performed using magnetic force microscopic (MFM) images to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the magnetization structure and the reproduced signal output. Repeated one-dimensional Fourier analyses were performed on an MFM image along the recording direction of the disk medium for a certain width with a pitch of about 70 nm. The dependence of MFM signal intensity on wavelength was obtained through Fourier transformation. Differences in the noise characteristics of CoCrTa media with different Cr compositions were investigated. Several peaks in the Fourier-transformed spectrum are related to the magnetic cluster size and/or the magnetic cross-linking distance between neighboring recorded bits. The magnetic interactions were found to extend up to about 0.5 µ m and 1 µ m for magnetically recorded CoCr 16 Ta 4 and CoCr 10 Ta 4 media, respectively.
Effects of antioxidants and humidity on the oxidative stability of microencapsulated fish oil (2004)

Abstract The effects of various antioxidants and RH on the oxidative stability of microencapsulated fish oil powder were investigated using PV and thiobarbituric acid tests. The micorencapsulation process provided high encapsulation efficiency (≥88% of extractable fish oil). Without antioxidants, the encapsulated fat was 10 times more stable against oxidation than the surface fat, as determined by PV. α‐Tocopherol, which is a lipophilic antioxidant, showed a greater antioxidative effect in both surface and encapsulated fats than ascorbyl palmitate, which is an amphiphilic antioxidant. According to TBARS values, the longest lag period was observed at 0% RH. Addition of >200 ppm α‐tocopherol in a 10–30% RH range prolonged the oxidative stability of the microencapsulated fish oil powder.
From image to language and back again (2018)

Work in computer vision and natural language processing involving images and text has been experiencing explosive growth over the past decade, with a particular boost coming from the neural network revolution. The present volume brings together five research articles from several different corners of the area: multilingual multimodal image description (Frank et al. ), multimodal machine translation (Madhyastha et al. , Frank et al. ), image caption generation (Madhyastha et al. , Tanti et al. ), visual scene understanding (Silberer et al. ), and multimodal learning of high-level attributes (Sorodoc et al. ). In this article, we touch upon all of these topics as we review work involving images and text under the three main headings of image description (Section 2), visually grounded referring expression generation (REG) and comprehension (Section 3), and visual question answering (VQA) (Section 4).
Proteolytic processing of the mosquitocidal toxin from Bacillus sphaericus SSII-1 (1992)

The 97-kDa protein Mtx21, derived from the 100-kDa mosquitocidal protein (Mtx) from Bacillus sphaericus SSII-1 by the deletion of the putative signal sequence, was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase in Escherichia coli, and the fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The fusion protein bound to glutathione agarose was cleaved with thrombin to release the Mtx21 protein. The 97-kDa Mtx21 protein was found to be toxic to Culex quinquefasciatus larvae with a 50% lethal concentration of 15 ng/ml. Treating Mtx21 with crude mosquito larval gut extracts gave rise to two major peptides of 70 and 27 kDa. Treating the 97-kDa Mtx21 protein with trysin also gave rise to a similar proteolytic cleavage pattern. N-terminal sequencing showed that the 27-kDa peptide was derived from the N-terminal region of the 97-kDa protein and that the 70-kDa protein was from the C-terminal region of the 97-kDa protein. The 27-kDa peptide has all the previously identified regions of homology with the catalytic peptides of the ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins, such as pertussis toxin S1 peptide, while the 70-kDa peptide has three internal regions of homology.
The Role of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) in Islet Allograft Rejection (2002)

Chemokines are important regulators in the development, differentiation, and anatomic location of leukocytes. CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is expressed preferentially by CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells. We sought to determine the role of CCR5 in islet allograft rejection in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. BALB/c islet allografts transplanted into CCR5−/− (C57BL/6) recipients survived significantly longer (mean survival time, 38 ± 8 days) compared with those transplanted into wild-type control mice (10 ± 2 days; P &lt; 0.0001). Twenty percent of islet allografts in CCR5−/− animals without other treatment survived &gt;90 days. In CCR5−/− mice, intragraft mRNA expression of interleukin-4 and -5 was increased, whereas that of interferon-γ was decreased, corresponding to a Th2 pattern of T-cell activation in the target tissues compared with a Th1 pattern observed in controls. A similar Th2 response pattern was also observed in the periphery (splenocytes responding to donor cells) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. We conclude that CCR5 plays an important role in orchestrating the Th1 immune response leading to islet allograft rejection. Targeting this chemokine receptor, therefore, may provide a clinically useful strategy to prevent islet allograft rejection.
Exploring the Fitness Landscape of an RNA Virus by Using a Universal Barcode Microarray (2011)

Studies of viral pathogenesis have relied heavily on analyses of specific clones and their genetic determinants of virulence. It is sometimes difficult to apply this reductionist approach to the study of RNA viruses, which by virtue of their very high mutation rates, exist as a complex mixture of mutants. While quasispecies theory has provided an intellectual framework for exploring the relationship between the viral population structure and phenotype, experimental studies have been limited by the relatively poor resolution of traditional sequencing-based approaches. We have addressed this problem by developing a molecular barcoding strategy in which viral subpopulations are tagged with unique 20-nucleotide sequences. The behavior of these subpopulations can be monitored using a universal barcode microarray. We demonstrate the performance of our barcode microarray platform using poliovirus, a model RNA virus. Using this platform, we explored the fitness landscape occupied by an artificial quasispecies consisting of 48 randomly mutagenized clones. We were able to rapidly derive precise fitness measurements for a majority of these clones and identified a neutral space surrounding the wild type. The experimental paradigm presented here is readily adaptable to other viral systems and can potentially be used to track thousands of variants in a cost-effective manner.
Non-Nuclear–Initiated Actions of the Estrogen Receptor Protect Cortical Bone Mass (2013)

Extensive evidence has suggested that at least some of the effects of estrogens on bone are mediated via extranuclear estrogen receptor α signaling. However, definitive proof for this contention and the extent to which such effects may contribute to the overall protective effects of estrogens on bone maintenance have remained elusive. Here, we investigated the ability of a 17β-estradiol (E2) dendrimer conjugate (EDC), incapable of stimulating nuclear-initiated actions of estrogen receptor α, to prevent the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) on the murine skeleton. We report that EDC was as potent as an equimolar dose of E2 in preventing bone loss in the cortical compartment that represents 80% of the entire skeleton, but was ineffective on cancellous bone. In contrast, E2 was effective in both compartments. Consistent with its effect on cortical bone mass, EDC partially prevented the loss of both vertebral and femoral strength. In addition, EDC, as did E2, prevented the OVX-induced increase in osteoclastogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, the OVX-induced decrease in uterine weight was unaltered by EDC but was restored by E2. These results demonstrate that the protection of cortical bone mass by estrogens is mediated, at least in part, via a mechanism that is distinct from the classic mechanism of estrogen action on reproductive organs.
Comprehensive driving behavior model for intelligent transportation systems (2008)

This paper presents a novel approach of modeling human driving behavior in a more realistic way that can be effectively utilized in realizing intelligent transportation systems to ensure efficient, safe, secure and human-friendly vehicle control and transportations. A number of supporting systems based on individual driving behavior are identified. The proposed comprehensive driving model approximates complete behavior of individual drivers focusing not only the ideal steady and transient driving styles but also their natural variations. Simulation results and observations from real driving scenario illustrate the significance of the proposed model and its scopes.
Crack initiation in clay observed in beam bending (2007)

Tensile cracking in clay is an important phenomenon that affects the strength and permeability of clays in many facilities, such as dams, embankments and landfill liners, as well as being a precursor to slope failures in the natural terrain. This study investigates the stress–strain criteria for cracking in clays by performing four-point bending tests on consolidated kaolin clay beams. Load-controlled and strain-controlled tests were performed on clay beams with varying initial suction to understand the stress–strain criteria for crack initiation in clay. At no stage was the negative pore pressure permitted to exceed the air entry value of the clay, so the clay remained saturated throughout. Strains in the clay were obtained by particle image velocimetry analysis of digital images of the clay beam, and suction measurements were obtained from pore pressure and tension transducers installed within the clay beams. Results from this investigation showed that the threshold tensile strain to cracking in kaolin clay decreased from about 4% at an initial mean effective stress of 15 kPa to about 1·5% at an initial mean effective stress of 100 kPa. The extreme fibre stress at failure of the clay beams indicated an effective tensile strength that was a fraction, dropping from 0·27 to 0·11 of the preconsolidation pressure as the overconsolidation ratio increased from about 2 to about 20. Alternatively, the tensile strength could be regarded as 0·45 ± 0·15 of the geometric mean of the preconsolidation pressure in the plane of shear and the initial mean effective stress. Most significantly, evidence is presented of a new understanding of cracking in clays. Cracks were seen to open either as pure tension cracks at zero minor principal effective stress, or as mixed-mode shear-tension cracks when an effective stress path reaches the Hvorslev criterion of brittle shear rupture, but only if the minor total stress is also tensile.
Modeling SSFP functional MRI contrast in the brain (2008)

Steady-state free precession (SSFP) has recently been proposed for function MRI because of the potential for reducing image distortion and signal dropout. Several different contrast mechanisms have been suggested to explain the reported observations, but there has been limited work comparing theory with experiment in the brain. Moreover, the detailed work that has considered oxygen-dependent signal in SSFP outside the brain has focused on R(2) effects in the pass band, and largely neglected the signal contrast that occurs due to off-resonance effects. The article describes a model for SSFP functional contrast based on the convolution of the theoretical SSFP profile with the underlying frequency distribution. It is demonstrated that such a model must account for the effects of diffusion, which can alter the apparent R(2) and linespread. Monte Carlo simulations are used to calibrate corrections for these terms. This new model has the computational efficiency of the convolution model while encapsulating information from more time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. This corrected convolution model is shown to agree well with experimental data, and model predictions and limitations are discussed.
A rapid and direct method for the quantitative determination of tryptophan in the intact protein (1970)

1. A method is given for the quantitative determination of free tryptophan or tryptophan in the intact protein by treating with ninhydrin in a mixture of formic acid and hydrochloric acid (reagent b), for 10min at 100 degrees C. Glycyltryptophan was used as a standard for the determination of tryptophan in the intact protein. The extinction at 390nm was linear in the range 0.05-0.5mumol for free tryptophan (in7120) and 0.05-0.30mumol for glycyltryptophan (in15400). 2. Free tryptophan in the presence of protein may be determined by treating with ninhydrin in a mixture of acetic acid and 0.6m-phosphoric acid (reagent a) for 10min at 100 degrees C, the extinction being linear for tryptophan in the range 0.05-0.9mumol. N-Terminal tryptophan peptides also give the typical yellow product on treatment with reagent a. 3. Tryptophan content of several pure intact proteins when treated with the above method gave values in good agreement with those reported by others. A mean tryptophan content of 11.25 (s.e.m. +/-0.08) mumol/100mg of protein was found in rat brain during development from 1 to 82 days after birth.
Biological Treatment of Hazardous Wastes (1997)

Suspended--Biomass and Fixed--Film Reactors (P. Armenante). Introduction to Microbiological Degradation of Aqueous Waste and Its Application Using a Fixed--Film Reactor (L. DeFilippi & F. Lupton). Bioslurry Reactors (C. Christodoulatos & A. Koutsospyros). Membrane Biofilm Reactors (P. Wilderer, et al.). Biofiltration of VOC Vapors (B.Baltzis). Impact of Biokinetics and Population Dynamics on Engineering Analysis of Biodegradation of Hazardous Wastes (B. Baltzis & G. Lewandowski). Hydrogeologic Factors Affecting Biodegradation Processes (K. Barr) Assessment of the Potential for Clogging and Its Mitigation During In--Situ Bioremediation (P. Jaffe & S. Taylor). Design Considerations for In--Situ Remediation of Organic Contaminants (E. Bouwer, et al.). Pentachlorophenol Biodegradation: Laboratory and Field Studies (C. Litchfield & M. Rao). Natural Restoration of PCB--Contaminated Hudson River Sediments (F. Mondello, et al.). Microbes in the Muck: A Look into the Anaerobic World (D. Kafkewitz & M. Togna). Composting (J. Hogan). Index.
Graft-Transmitted siRNA Signal from the Root Induces Visual Manifestation of Endogenous Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing in the Scion (2011)

In plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) spreads systemically, being transmitted from the silenced stock to the scion expressing the corresponding transgene. It has been reported that a graft-transmitted siRNA signal can also induce PTGS of an endogenous gene, but this was done by top-grafting using silenced stock. In the present study involving grafting of Nicotiana benthamiana, we found that PTGS of an endogenous gene, glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA), which acts as a visible marker of RNAi via inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, was manifested along the veins of newly developed leaves in the wild-type scion by the siRNA signal synthesized only in companion cells of the rootstock.