gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The barley HvSTP13GR mutant triggers resistance against biotrophic fungi (2021)

High-yielding and stress-resistant crops are essential to ensure future food supply. Barley is an important crop to feed livestock and to produce malt, but the annual yield is threatened by pathogen infections. Pathogens can trigger an altered sugar partitioning in the host plant, which possibly leads to an advantage for the pathogen. Hampering these processes represents a promising strategy to potentially increase resistance. We analysed the response of the barley monosaccharide transporter HvSTP13 towards biotic stress and its potential use for plant protection. The expression of HvSTP13 increased on bacterial and fungal pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) application, suggesting a PAMP-triggered signalling that converged on the transcriptional induction of the gene. Promoter studies indicate a region that is probably targeted by transcription factors downstream of PAMP-triggered immunity pathways. We confirmed that the nonfunctional HvSTP13GR variant confers resistance against an economically relevant biotrophic rust fungus in barley. Our experimental setup provides basal prerequisites to further decode the role of HvSTP13 in response to biological stress. Moreover, in line with other studies, our experiments indicate that the alteration of sugar partitioning pathways, in a host-pathogen interaction, is a promising approach to achieve broad and durable resistance in plants.
<title>Thin film Au-Sn bonding for optoelectronic integration</title> (1998)

Eutectic bonding employing vacuum-deposited Au and Sn precursor layers, and based on a novel process, can effect quasi-monolithic hybridization of thin-film III-V devices with silicon substrates.
Adhesion to Tooth Substrates and Dental Alloys by Methacrylates having a Naphthalic Anhydride Structure (1988)

Three isomers of methacryloyloxyethyl naphthalenetricarboxylate anhydrides (MENTA-126, -236 and-184) were synthesized, and their adhesiveness to teeth and non-precious dental alloys was investigated.The MENTA resins initiated by TBB-O showed about 12-13MPa of the bond strength on treated enamel and 10-12.5MPa on treated dentin after 120 thermocycles, while, after the equal thermal cyclings, the values of the control resin were 8.3MPa for the enamel and 5.2MPa for the dentin. In the case of the bonding to dental Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys, MENTA-126 and -236 possessing the five-membered dicarboxylic anhydride ring structure were more effective than MENTA-184, which has the six-membered ring. The bond strengths to these alloys were 9.4-11.3MPa for the MENTA-126 resin and 7.5-16.5MPa for the MENTA-236 resin. The bond strengths of the MENTA-184 resin were 1.9MPa for Ni-Cr and 4.6MPa for Co-Cr. These values were comparable to the control.
Emerging Biological Treatments for Uterine Cervical Carcinoma (2014)

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the development of new diagnosis, prognostic, and treatment strategies is a major interest for public health. Cisplatin, in combination with external beam irradiation for locally advanced disease, or as monotherapy for recurrent/metastatic disease, has been the cornerstone of treatment for more than two decades. Other investigated cytotoxic therapies include paclitaxel, ifosfamide and topotecan, as single agents or in combination, revealing unsatisfactory results. In recent years, much effort has been made towards evaluating new drugs and developing innovative therapies to treat cervical cancer. Among the most investigated molecular targets are epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways, both playing a critical role in cervical cancer development. Studies with bevacizumab or VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase have given encouraging results in terms of clinical efficacy, without adding significant toxicity. A great number of other molecular agents targeting critical pathways in cervical malignant transformation are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, reporting preliminary promising data. In the current review, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies which are being investigated for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer.
SwapItUp: A Face Swap Application for Privacy Protection (2017)

There is a growing concern over the issues related to online privacy due to large availability of high quality images. To tackle the privacy concerns a face swapping application is proposed. There is a library of face images, which is created by downloading images from different sources on Internet. For any given image, first of all facial landmarks are detected. The second image is rotated and scaled so that it can properly fit over the input image. To make sure that the new image looks natural, color balance adjustment is done. After that blending of features from the second image onto the input image is done. It is also shown how this system can be used to creating appealing and funny photographs for entertainment purposes. We conclude with a study that shows the high quality of images produced by this system as compared to existing face swap applications and also limitations of this system.
Scheduling bursts in time-domain wavelength interleaved networks (2003)

A time-domain wavelength interleaved network (TWIN) (Widjaja, I. et al., IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.41, 2003) is an optical network with an ultrafast tunable laser and a fixed receiver at each node. We consider the problem of scheduling bursts of data in a TWIN. Due to the high data rates employed on the optical links, the burst transmissions typically last for very short times compared with the round trip propagation times between source-destination pairs. A good schedule should ensure that: 1) there are no transmit/receive conflicts; 2) propagation delays are observed; 3) throughput is maximized (schedule length is minimized). We formulate the scheduling problem with periodic demand as a generalization of the well-known crossbar switch scheduling. We prove that even in the presence of propagation delays, there exist a class of computationally viable scheduling algorithms which asymptotically achieve the maximum throughput obtainable without propagation delays. We also show that any schedule can be rearranged to achieve a factor-two approximation of the maximum throughput even without asymptotic limits. However, the delay/throughput performance of these schedules is limited in practice. We consequently propose a scheduling algorithm that exhibits near optimal (on average within ∼7% of optimum) delay/throughput performance in realistic network examples.
Philanthotoxin-433 (PhTx-433), a non-competitive glutamate receptor inhibitor (1990)

Abstract
<title>Linear model of surface and scanner characterization method</title> (1995)

In color reproduction research, a linear model designed to minimize the error between original surface reflectance spectra and reproduced spectra is useful in the process of producing an accurate color match between the original image and reproduction under a variety of illuminants, but it is inappropriate in efficiency. We propose an efficient linear model based on surface reflectance spectra and a unified wavelength function of CIE 1931 standard observer representing human perceptual property. The surface spectra weighted with the unified wavelength function were introduced to minimize the human perceptual error between original reflectance spectra and reproduced spectra and to reduce the number of the spectral basis functions. The performance of reflectance spectra-to-CIELAB transformation on our proposed linear model is tested and compared with a conventional model based on reflectance spectra under a variety of illuminants. The results of our linear model is superior to that of the conventional model. With Munsell 400 color patches, D65 illuminant and 4-dimensional linear model, the mean color difference of our model is 1.28 CIELAB unit. And an algorithm for color scanner characterization using our model is made and tested, and the results are shown.
Outotec direct leaching application in China (2008)

Outotec’s direct leaching process is an atmospheric leaching process for sulphidic zinc concentrates. The direct leaching process, based on special leaching reactors developed by Outokumpu, is the most economical way to produce electrolytic zinc. The production scale applications of the process realized so far are in use at Boliden’s Kokkola and Odda zinc plants. A new full-scale application of Outotec’s direct leaching process will be started in 2008 in China. The process is integrated to the existing production plant, replacing part of the old production facilities by modern technology. Besides high zinc extraction the plant expansion and modernization offers also indium recovery, iron precipitation and solution purification processes. The process equipment includes tailor-made reactors designed on the basis of the work and experience of Outotec research center.
Subcellular localization of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cells (2000)

A high protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity is required to maintain circulating T lymphocytes in a resting phenotype, and to limit the initiation of T cell activation. We report that 15 of the currently known 24 intracellular PTPases are expressed in T cells, namely HePTP, TCPTP, SHP1, SHP2, PEP, PTP-PEST, PTP-MEG2, PTEN, PTPH1, PTP-MEG1, PTP36, PTP-BAS, LMPTP, PRL-1 and OV-1. Most were found in the cytosol and many were enriched at the plasma membrane. Only TCPTP and PTP-MEG2 had subcellular localizations that essentially excludes them from a direct role in early T cell antigen receptor signaling events. Overexpression of 6 of the PTPases reduced IL-2 gene activation, 3 of them thereby identified as novel candidates for negative regulators of TCR signaling. Our findings expand the repertoire of PTPases that should be considered for a regulatory role in T cell activation.
PLMItRNA, a database for mitochondrial tRNA genes and tRNAs in photosynthetic eukaryotes (2001)

The PLMItRNA database for mitochondrial tRNA molecules and genes in VIRIDIPLANTAE: (green plants) [Volpetti,V., Gallerani,R., DeBenedetto,C., Liuni,S., Licciulli,F. and Ceci,L.R. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 159-162] has been enlarged to include algae. The database now contains 436 genes and 16 tRNA entries relative to 25 higher plants, eight green algae, four red algae (RHODOPHYTAE:) and two STRAMENOPILES: The PLMItRNA database is accessible via the WWW at http://bio-www.ba.cnr.it:8000/PLMItRNA.
Structure and piezoelectric properties of sol–gel-derived 0.5 Pb[Yb1/2Nb1/2]O3–0.5 PbTiO3 thin films (2002)

0.5 Pb[Yb1/2Nb1/2]O3–0.5 PbTiO3 thin films were deposited on (111) Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol–gel processing using a thin Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 seed layer. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the films were strongly (111) oriented, mimicking the orientation of the (111) Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. No pyrochlore phase was observed by x-ray diffraction and the films had a uniform grain size of about 50–60 nm. The dielectric permittivity and loss factor varied only slightly with frequency in the range of 100–10 000 Hz. At 1 kHz, the dielectric permittivity was 1025 and dielectric loss was 0.028. The films exhibited good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The remanent polarization (Pr) was 30 μC/cm2. The effective transverse piezoelectric e31,f coefficient (−4.8 C/m2) of the films was measured using a modified wafer flexure method.
AN APPARATUS TO GIVE THE DISTRIBUTION OF VERTICAL LOAD UNDER THE FOOT (1972)

The apparatus described in this report is suitable for use with subjects with or without shoes, and allows an accurate measurement of the lateral and longitudinal load distribution under the foot. A knowledge of this distribution is of value in the treatment of arthritic feet or in accurately describing foot function.
An automated knowledge acquisition system for model-based diagnostics (2003)

It is shown how knowledge acquisition can improve the design, production, and testing of complex electronic, mechanical, and hydraulic systems. A method for automating knowledge acquisition and integrating it into the design process is discussed. The author presents NASA's CAD/CAE Knowledge Base Development Tool (KBDT) as a prototype for demonstrating the concept of automated knowledge acquisition. The basic structure of KBDT, and its operation and integration with NASA'S Knowledge-based Autonomous Test Engineer (KATE), are described. The combination of voice synthesis, voice recognition, natural language processing, and knowledge acquisition processing components, integrated using a blackboard architecture, is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of mesoscopic superconducting Nb wires using conventional electron-beam lithographic techniques (2002)

Conventional electron-beam lithography has been used to fabricate mesoscopic Nb wires. Nb was deposited in an ultrahigh vacuum evaporation chamber using electron gun heating. The typical linewidth and the thickness were 200 and 50 nm, respectively. The transition temperatures were above 7 K. They increased with thickness and linewidth. To demonstrate the feasibility of two angle evaporation techniques, we also fabricated Nb/(Al–)AlOx/Nb tunnel junctions showing superconducting single-electron transistor characteristics.
Real-time collaboration in activity-based architectures (2004)

With the growing research into mobile and ubiquitous computing, there is a need for addressing how such infrastructures can support collaboration between nomadic users. We present the activity based computing paradigm and outline a proposal for handling collaboration in an activity-based architecture. We argue that activity-based computing establishes a natural and sound conceptual and architectural basis for session management in real-time, synchronous collaboration.
Power sequence free 400Mbps 90&#x00B5;W 6000&#x00B5;m<sup>2</sup> 1.8V&#x2013;3.3V stress tolerant I/O buffer in 28nm CMOS (2013)

A power sequence independent I/O (Input/Output) buffer architecture for high voltage (up to 3.6V) application by using low voltage (1.8V) devices is proposed. In this a power sequence free, area and power efficient CRVG (Configurable Reference Voltage Generator) generates the internal reference voltage for the stacked devices to protect them from voltage stress. The proposed I/O buffer is designed in 28nm CMOS process by using standard 32Å gate-oxide devices. The silicon results confirmed up to 200 MHz successful operation in multiple (1.8V, 2.5V, 3.0V, 3.3V) supply range.
Factors Important in the Extraction, Stability and in Vitro Assembly of the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Derived from Recombinant Plant Systems (2002)

The expression of vaccine antigens in edible plant material together with their delivery by the oral route constitutes a powerful paradigm, with the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of vaccine production and administration, in addition to improving distribution and patient compliance. These products will be subject to many of the same regulations applied to current injectable vaccines, so reliable methods to quantify antigen and ensure stability in crude plant extracts are required. As a model system the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was expressed in soybean and tobacco cell cultures. This complex antigen consists of membrane-associated small surface antigen proteins (p24(s)), disulfide cross-linked to yield dimers and higher multimers. Although the total p24(s) extracted from plant cells was relatively unaffected by detergent concentration, the quantification of antigenically reactive product depended strongly on the ratio of detergent to cell concentration. Furthermore, 1-20% w/v sodium ascorbate improved the measured levels of monoclonal-reactive antigen 4- to 12-fold. Detergent also influenced antigen stability in cell lysates stored at 4 degrees C; under optimum conditions stability was maintained for at least 1 month, whereas excess detergent rendered the antigen susceptible to proteolytic degradation. This proteolysis could be counteracted by the addition of skim milk or its protein component, which stabilized antigenically reactive p24(s) for up to 2 months. The immunologically relevant epitopes of HBsAg are critically dependent on disulfide bonding. By altering the sodium ascorbate concentration or buffer pH the proportion of HBsAg displaying the monoclonal reactive epitopes was increased between 8- and 20-fold. In addition, under certain conditions the dimerized p24(s) could be converted to oligomeric aggregates, resembling the form of the serum-derived antigen. These simple in vitro manipulations, compatible with the goal of a minimally processed oral vaccine, may prove valuable in increasing the immunogenicity of the plant-derived antigen.
Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) - a versatile monomer for polymer synthesis (2000)

Abstract Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a by-product of the cashew industry. It is a naturally occurring substituted phenol which can take part in a variety of reactions. It is a cheap and renewable substance and can be employed for the manufacture of a multitude of useful products. It can replace phenol in many applications with equivalent or better results. CNSL by itself is useful for insecticidal, fungicidal, anti-termite, and medicinal applications, and as an additive, in many plastic formulations. Resins derived from CNSL are employed widely in the fields of friction materials, automobiles, surface coatings, adhesives, laminates, rubber compounding, and have several miscellaneous applications. Greater utilization of CNSL as a monomer for indusrial polymer products can be an attractive proposal in view of its low cost, abundant availability, and chemically reactive nature, amongst other attributes. This review gives an accounts of the composition, extraction, reactions, and applications of CNSL based on the available literature. Keywords: CNSLcashew nut shell liquidphenolicsmonomerpolymer synthesisrenewable sources
History, National Identity and Guilt - Collective or Individual?: Lessons from Germany (2004)

The issue of a community's or a nation's collective identity is being discussed with renewed interest around the world. This is so mainly because globalisation and growing migration draw attention to the importance of a shared image of a community's self, as well as a minimum of shared rules, without which no society can function.
Polyhydroxylated Quinolizidine Iminosugars as Nanomolar Selective Inhibitors of α-Glucosidases (2017)

Polyhydroxylated quinolizidines bearing a hydroxymethyl group at the ring junction were synthesized from a readily available l-sorbose-derived ketonitrone. Evaluated as glycoside hydrolase inhibitors, these quinolizidines revealed to be potent and selective α-glucosidase inhibitors. Quinolizidine 9a is the first quinolizidine-scaffolded iminosugar exhibiting nanomolar inhibition of a glycoenzyme.
Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into raw tomatoes and processed tomato products (1991)

Rates of death and growth of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto raw whole and into chopped tomatoes stored at 10 and 21 degrees C were not influenced by prior treatment of tomatoes with chlorine or packaging under an atmosphere of 3% O2 and 97% N2. Growth of the pathogen occurred in whole tomatoes held at 21 degrees C but not at 10 degrees C, while death occurred in chopped tomatoes stored at these temperatures. Likewise, growth patterns of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, psychrotrophic microorganisms, and yeasts and molds on whole and chopped tomatoes were essentially unaffected by chlorine and modified atmosphere packaging treatments. Populations of L. monocytogenes inoculated into commercially processed tomato juice and sauce and held at 5 degrees C remained constant for 14 days. A gradual decrease in the number of viable L. monocytogenes cells was observed in juice and sauce held at 21 degrees C. In contrast, the organism died rapidly when suspended in commercial tomato ketchup at 5 and 21 degrees C. Unlike low-acid raw salad vegetables such as lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and cauliflower on which we have observed L. monocytogenes grow at refrigeration temperatures, tomatoes are not a good growth substrate for the organism. Nevertheless, L. monocytogens can remain viable on raw whole and chopped tomatoes and in commercial tomato juice and sauce for periods extending beyond their normal shelf-life expectancy.
Treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. (2000)

Human African trypanosomiasis presents a health challenge to the international community -- a challenge both to poor countries and to rich countries (where there is often a shocking surfeit of health resources). In the year 2000, human African trypanosomiasis is on the increase, even though we know how to tackle it since the tsetse fly, which transmits the trypanosomes that cause the disease, can survive only in tropical Africa and there is no human-to-human transmission. Although control and perhaps eradication of the disease are therefore theoretically possible, its incidence is on the rise despite having been well under control 50 years ago. The emergence of independent nations, political upheaval, the frequent state of insecurity that results, and the consequent disappearance of the health monitoring systems established during the colonial era, are some of the factors behind this. To these must be added the growing poverty of the countries affected by the disease. A further complication has been the need to take immediate action to deal with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), while there has been a background of marked demographic growth in the countries concerned. Over and above all this there is, however, a much more basic reason: the absence of a non-toxic treatment that is easily administered, reasonably priced, and effective at every stage of the disease, especially the neurological. Suramin and pentamidine are effective drugs during the initial phase of the disease but are almost totally ineffective in the neurological phase, since they are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Melarsoprol is effective against all stages of the disease but is particularly so against the neurological and is consequently kept in reserve for this purpose; it is also toxic and expensive (ca US$ 100 per patient). Elfornithine is an alternative to melarsoprol and is active against all stages of the disease, but has the great advantage of being less toxic; however, it is prohibitively expensive (ca US$ 700 per patient) and recipients have to be hospitalized and given the drug by perfusion for at least two weeks. With an effort from wealthy countries, these financial considerations could be overcome, although the necessary medical facilities are rarely to be found outside of towns in the areas where the patients with sleeping sickness live. The challenge presented by human African trypanosomiasis must be taken up by developed countries. The disease can be curtailed because it is geographically limited. Smallpox has been eradicated; and poliomyelitis is on the way to elimination thanks to vaccination strategies that have been pursued despite political upheavals, wars and other tragedies. A political willingness, in particular the release of funds, has facilitated these successes. Trypanosomiasis, whose very existence preserves underdevelopment, could enjoy a similar fate. …