gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of γ-Linolenic Acid by the Fungus Cunninghamella echinulata CCRC 31840 (1996)

The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources and carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratios on the γ-linolenic acid (GLA) production by Cunninghamella echinulata CCRC 31840 was examined in shake cultures. On the same weight base, soluble starch was the most preferred carbon source for the growth of this fungal strain and also yielded the largest amount of GLA per unit volume. In the lactose medium, growth of C. echinulata CCRC 31840 was very poor but the most unsaturated lipid was produced. Ammonium nitrate and urea were the better nitrogen sources for growth than potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate. C. echinulata CCRC 31840 grown on KNO3 acquired the richest lipid content (35.4%); however, the content of GLA in the lipid (7.9%) was much lower than that grown on urea (25.7%). An initial C:N ratio of approximately 33−48.5 favored lipid accumulation in biomass without affecting the GLA content of the lipid. A maximum GLA yield of 964 mg/L was obtained after 5 days of incubation at 20 °C in a medium containing 10% soluble starch, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.11% NH4NO3, 0.1% KH2PO4, and 0.025% MgSO4·7H2O.
Fast logistic regression for text categorization with variable-length n-grams (2008)

A common representation used in text categorization is the bag of words model (aka. unigram model). Learning with this particular representation involves typically some preprocessing, e.g. stopwords-removal, stemming. This results in one explicit tokenization of the corpus. In this work, we introduce a logistic regression approach where learning involves automatic tokenization. This allows us to weaken the a-priori required knowledge about the corpus and results in a tokenization with variable-length (word or character) n-grams as basic tokens. We accomplish this by solving logistic regression using gradient ascent in the space of all ngrams. We show that this can be done very efficiently using a branch and bound approach which chooses the maximum gradient ascent direction projected onto a single dimension (i.e., candidate feature). Although the space is very large, our method allows us to investigate variable-length n-gram learning. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach compared to state-of-the-art classifiers used for text categorization such as cyclic coordinate descent logistic regression and support vector machines.
Progress toward a high-brightness photoemission source for multiple-electron beam lithography (2001)

A high-brightness photoemission source is being developed for use in a multiple-electron beam lithography system suitable for mask patterning. Cesium telluride (Cs2Te) photocathodes have achieved stable brightness of 2–3×106 A/cm2 Sr and current densities of 30–60 A/cm2. Magnesium photocathodes have achieved stable brightness of 1–3×106 A/cm2 Sr and current density of 40 A/cm2. Long term current stability of better than the required specification of 17%/5 min has been obtained at photoyields of ∼30 nA/mW.
Nuclear magnetic resonance data of pyrido[2,3‐<i>B</i>] pyrazines and their σ‐adducts with amide ion and water (1979)

Abstract 13 C nmr spectral data of the parent substance pyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazine and several of its derivatives (containing one or more chloro, amino, oxo, bromo, fluoro, phenyl, methyl, hydrazino or t ‐butyl substituents) are reported. The 13 C nmr spectrum of the parent substance has been assigned conclusively by 13 C ‐labelling. Additionally we proved, the existence of anionic 1:1 σ‐adducls i.e., 3‐amino‐3,4‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazine, the formation of 3‐amino‐2‐ t ‐butyl‐6‐chloro‐3,4‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazinide ion and by 1 H nmr spectroscopy 2‐amino‐1,2‐dihydro‐3‐phenylpyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazinide ion. The 13 C nmr data of the cation of the dihydrale 2,3‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazine, present in a solution of the parent compound in N hydrochloric acid, are given.
Neuroadapted Yellow Fever Virus 17D: Genetic and Biological Characterization of a Highly Mouse-Neurovirulent Virus and Its Infectious Molecular Clone (2001)

A neuroadapted strain of yellow fever virus (YFV) 17D derived from a multiply mouse brain-passaged virus (Porterfield YF17D) was additionally passaged in SCID and normal mice. The virulence properties of this virus (SPYF) could be distinguished from nonneuroadapted virus (YF5.2iv, 17D infectious clone) by decreased average survival time in SCID mice after peripheral inoculation, decreased average survival time in normal adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, and occurrence of neuroinvasiveness in normal mice. SPYF exhibited more efficient growth in peripheral tissues of SCID mice than YF5.2iv, resulting in a more rapid accumulation of virus burden, but with low-titer viremia, at the time of fatal encephalitis. In cell culture, SPYF was less efficient in replication than YF5.2iv in all cell lines tested. The complete nucleotide sequence of SPYF revealed 29 nucleotide substitutions relative to YF5.2iv, and these were distributed throughout the genome. There were a total of 13 predicted amino acid substitutions, some of which correspond to known differences among the Asibi, French viscerotropic virus, French neurotropic vaccine, and YF17D vaccine strains. The envelope (E) protein contained five substitutions, within all three functional domains. Substitutions were also present in regions encoding the NS1, NS2A, NS4A, and NS5 proteins and in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Construction of YFV harboring all of the identified coding nucleotide substitutions and those in the 3' UTR yielded a virus whose cell culture and pathogenic properties, particularly neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness for SCID mice, generally resembled those of the original SPYF isolate. These findings implicate the E protein and possibly other regions of the genome as virulence determinants during pathogenesis of neuroadapted YF17D virus in mice. The determinants affect replication efficiency in both neural and extraneural tissues of the mouse and confer some limited host-range differences in cultured cells of nonmurine origin.
Suppression of sterol 27-hydroxylase mRNA and transcriptional activity by bile acids in cultured rat hepatocytes (1995)

In previous work we have demonstrated suppression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase by bile acids at the level of mRNA and transcription, resulting in a similar decline in bile acid synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes [Twisk, Lehmann and Princen (1993) Biochem. J. 290, 685-691]. In view of the substantial contribution of the 'alternative' or '27-hydroxylase' route to total bile acid synthesis, as demonstrated in cultured rat hepatocytes and in vivo in humans, we here evaluate the effects of various bile acids commonly found in bile of rats on the regulation of sterol 27-hydroxylase in cultured rat hepatocytes. Addition of taurocholic acid, the predominant bile acid in rat bile, to the culture medium of rat hepatocytes resulted in a 72% inhibition of sterol 27-hydroxylase activity. The effect was exerted at the level of sterol 27-hydroxylase mRNA, showing a time- and dose-dependent decline with a maximal suppression (-75%) at 50 microM taurocholic acid after 24 h of culture. The decline in mRNA followed first-order kinetics with an apparent half-life of 13 h. Under these conditions cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA (-91%) and bile acid synthesis (i.e. chenodeoxycholic and beta-muricholic acid, -81%) were also maximally suppressed. In contrast, no change was found in the level of lithocholic acid 6 beta-hydroxylase mRNA. Assessment of the transcriptional activity of a number of genes involved in routing of cholesterol towards bile acids showed similar suppressive effects of taurocholate on expression of the sterol 27-hydroxylase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase genes (-43% and -42% respectively), whereas expression of the lithocholic 6 beta-hydroxylase gene was not affected. Taurocholic acid and unconjugated cholic acid were equally as effective in suppressing sterol 27-hydroxylase mRNA. The more hydrophobic bile acids, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid, also produced a strong inhibition of 57% and 76% respectively, whereas the hydrophilic beta-muricholic acid was not active. We conclude that (1) a number of bile acids, at physiological concentrations, suppress sterol 27-hydroxylase by down-regulation of sterol 27-hydroxylase mRNA and transcriptional activity and (2) co-ordinated suppression of both sterol 27-hydroxylase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase results in inhibition of bile acid synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes.
Double-Sided Watermark Embedding and Detection (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Spread-spectrum schemes embed additive or multiplicative watermarks into the host contents for copyright protection. However, their performances are reduced by the interference from the host contents. Thus, in this work, we introduce a simple double-sided technique to utilize this interference for performance improvements. Different from the previous host interference rejection schemes, it does not reject the host interference. However, it can also achieve great performance enhancement over the traditional spread-spectrum schemes. Moreover, due to this nice property of not rejecting the host interference, it has a big advantage over the host interference rejection schemes in that the perceptual analysis can be easily implemented for our scheme to improve the perceptual quality of the watermarked contents. Our technique is effectively employed in both additive and multiplicative spread-spectrum schemes. Finally, its performance advantage is demonstrated through both theoretical and empirical comparisons. </para>
Disinfection of municipal wastewater by sensitized photooxidation (1996)

To optimize the disinfection of treated municipal wastewater by sensitized photo-oxidation as a new alternative disinfection method, secondary unchlorinated activated-sludge-treated effluents from a sewage treatment plant were treated by semiconductor-sensitized photo-oxidation. Experiments of disinfection were performed in a photo-reactor system, which is a cylindrical borosilicon glass reactor with an effective volume of 1.1 litre. A NEC black light lamp (T10 20W) is placed at the centre of the reactor as an artificial light source to provide near UV irradiation with a maximum intensity at 350 nm. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) was used up to 60 minutes in this study. The effluents, after adding titanium dioxide as sensitizer, were exposed to the illumination of near UV light for various irradiation time and incident light intensities. Number of bacteria and coliforms were significantly declined from 35,000/100 ml to 59/100 ml after 60 minutes treatment, with existing of titanium dioxide, light irradiation and aeration. After the photo-oxidation process, the titanium dioxide in the treated effluent was separated by precipitation. The influence of light energy from 5.2 to 45 W/m2, absorbed by the sensitizer in the visible range, on micro-organisms in secondary effluents was determined by testing forEscherichia. coli (E. coli) and total coliforms. An optimum titanium dioxide concentration found in the test is about 1 g/L. While the destruction rate of E. coli was affected by pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature (T), it was found that number of bacteria destroyed during disinfection mainly depends on incident light intensity (IO) and irradiation time (t), which follows an exponential relationship. A kinetic model has been developed using the product of IO and t defined as a Dose Number (D) for this disinfection reaction.
GPR imaging using the generalized Radon transform (2000)

Abstract A new algorithm for imaging ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data follows from the theory of the generalized Radon transform (GRT), which was developed and has been used extensively for seismic imaging. The algorithm enables separate reconstructions (to first-order accuracy) of subsurface permittivity and conductivity images. A pseudovector inverse adapts the original scalar Radon transform theory for vector electromagnetic data. Synthetic examples show that the algorithm can image plastic and metallic pipes buried in a half-space. In the examples, the half-space is 100 ohm-m with a relative permittivity of 10. The pipes are 2 cm thick and 15 cm in outer diameter and are buried at a depth of 2 m. The plastic pipes are assumed to be pure insulators, whereas the metallic pipes are assumed to be pure conductors with a conductivity value of 106 S/m. The transmitter waveform has a peak frequency of 200 MHz with a 500-MHz bandwidth. The results show that quantitative images are obtained for plastic pipes, whose scattering is weak (so the Born approximation is accurate). Good images are also obtained for metallic pipes. As with most imaging algorithms, a sharp image requires good estimates of the properties of the background medium.
[Effects of two treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis in tuberculosis control project areas: a comparative study]. (2008)

The drug-resistant regimen recommended above is more effective than the retreatment regimen and should be considered in the areas where the WHO guideline fails to be followed or drug sensitivity test (DST) cannot be conducted and adjusted according to the results of DST and treatment.
Design of base metal extractants. Part 1. Inter-ligand hydrogen bonding in the assembly of pseudo-macrocyclic bis(aminosulfonamidato)M(ii) complexes (2006)

Monosulfonyl derivatives of simple 1,2- and 1,3-diamines (R2HN-R-NHSO2R1 = L) have been shown to be easily deprotonated to give neutral 2:1 complexes, [M(L - H)(2)], with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II). The Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with deprotonated N-tosyl-1,2-diaminoethane have a planar N4(2-) donor set and a 14-membered pseudo-macrocyclic structure based on head-to-tail S=O...H-N((amine)) bonding between the two bidentate ligands. In the related tetrahedral Zn(II) complex the ends of the mutually perpendicular bidentate N2- units are too far apart to form a cyclic H-bonded system. X-Ray structure determinations on five free ligands provide evidence for extensive inter-molecular H-bonding, which in the case of N-tosyl-1,3-diaminopropane and its N'-tert-butyl derivative involves formation of dimeric 16-membered pseudo-macrocycles. Despite favourable inter-ligand H-bonding in the neutral 2:1 complexes, these ligands are relatively weak extractants, showing >50% loading of Cu(II) in "pH-swing" equilibria, 2L(org)+ M2+ = [M(L - H)2](org)+ 2 H+, only when the pH of the aqueous phase is raised above 4.
Analyses of both the <i>alkB</i> Gene Transcriptional Start Site and <i>alkB</i> Promoter-Inducing Properties of <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. Strain BCP1 Grown on <i>n</i> -Alkanes (2010)

Rhodococcus sp. strain BCP1, known for its capacity to grow on short-chain n-alkanes (C(2) to C(7)) and to cometabolize chlorinated solvents, was found to also utilize medium- and long-chain n-alkanes (C(12) to C(24)) as energy and carbon sources. To examine this feature in detail, a chromosomal region which includes the alkB gene cluster encoding a non-heme di-iron monooxygenase (alkB), two rubredoxins, and one rubredoxin reductase was cloned from the BCP1 genome. Furthermore, the activity of the alkB gene promoter (P(alkB)) was examined in the presence of gaseous, liquid, and solid n-alkanes along with intermediates of the putative n-alkane degradation pathway. A recombinant plasmid, pTP(alkB)LacZ, was constructed by inserting the lacZ gene downstream of P(alkB), and it was used to transform Rhodococcus sp. strain BCP1. Measurements of β-galactosidase activity showed that P(alkB) is induced by C(6) to C(22) n-alkanes. Conversely, C(2) to C(5) and >C(22) n-alkanes and alkenes, such as hexene, were not inducers of alkB expression. The effects on P(alkB) expression induced by alternative carbon sources along with putative products of n-hexane metabolism were also evaluated. This report highlights the great versatility of Rhodococcus sp. strain BCP1 and defines for the first time the alkB gene transcriptional start site and the alkB promoter-inducing capacities for substrates different from n-alkanes in a Rhodococcus strain.
Improving the Efficiency of Image Clustering using Modified Non Euclidean Distance Measures in Data Mining (2014)

The Image is very important for the real world to transfer the messages from any source to destination. So, these images are converted in to useful information using data mining techniques. In existing all the research papers using kmeans and fuzzy k means with euclidean distance for image clustering. Here, each cluster needs its own centric for cluster calculation and the euclidean distance calculate the distance between the points. In clustering this process of distance calculation did not give efficient result. For make this in to efficient, this research paper proposes the non Euclidean distance measures for distance calculation. Here, the logical points are used to find the cluster. The result shows that image clustering based on the modified non Euclidean distance and the performance shows the efficiency of non euclidean distancemeasures.
Buildup of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Polyethyleneimine and Microfibrillated Cellulose Studied by in Situ Dual-Polarization Interferometry and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (2008)

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) have been used to buildup polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) on silicone oxide and silicone oxynitride surfaces at different pH values and with different electrolyte and polyelectrolyte/colloid concentrations of the components. Consecutive adsorption on these surfaces was studied by in situ dual-polarization interferometry (DPI) and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. The adsorption data obtained from both the techniques showed a steady buildup of multilayers. High pH and electrolyte concentration of the PEI solution was found to be beneficial for achieving a high adsorbed amount of PEI, and hence of MFC, during the buildup of the multilayer. On the other hand, an increase in the electrolyte concentration of the MFC dispersion was found to inhibit the adsorption of MFC onto PEI. The adsorbed amount of MFC was independent of the bulk MFC concentration in the investigated concentration range (15-250 mg/L). Atomic force microscopy measurements were used to image a MFC-treated silicone oxynitride chip from DPI measurements. The surface was found to be almost fully covered by randomly oriented microfibrils after the adsorption of only one bilayer of PEI/MFC. The surface roughness expressed as the rms-roughness over 1 microm2 was calculated to be 4.6 nm (1 bilayer). The adsorbed amount of PEI and MFC and the amount of water entrapped by the individual layers in the multilayer structures were estimated by combining results from the two analytical techniques using the de Feijter formula. These results indicate a total water content of ca. 41% in the PEM.
Age-Dependent Role for CCR5 in Antiviral Host Defense against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (2005)

Elimination of viral infections is dependent on rapid recruitment and activation of leukocytes with antiviral activities to infected areas. Chemokines constitute a class of cytokines that have regulatory effects on leukocyte migration and activity. In this study we have studied the role of CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) and CCR5 in host defense during a generalized herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Whereas both 4- and 8-week-old CCR1(-/-) mice resembled wild-type mice (C57BL/6) with respect to defense against the infection, significantly higher virus titers were seen in the livers and brains of 4-week-old CCR5(-/-) mice. At the age of 8 weeks, CCR5(-/-) were indistinguishable from wild-type mice and cleared the infection from liver and spleen. Although 4-week-old CCR5(-/-) mice were able to recruit natural killer (NK) cells to the site of infection, these cells had reduced cytotoxic activity compared to NK cells from wild-type mice. This was not due to lower production of alpha/beta interferon or interleukin-12, two well-described activators of cytotoxic activity in NK cells. We also noted that the spleens of young CCR5(-/-) mice did not increase in size during infection as did the spleens of wild-type and CCR1(-/-) mice. This observation was accompanied by impaired proliferation of CCR5(-/-) splenocytes (SCs) ex vivo. Moreover, migration of CD8(+) T cells to the liver in response to infection was impaired in CCR5(-/-) mice, and adoptive transfer of SCs from CCR5(-/-) mice infected for 6 days into newly infected wild-type mice did not improve antiviral activity in the liver, in contrast to what was seen in mice receiving immune SCs from wild-type mice. Altogether, this study shows that CCR5 plays an age-dependent role in host defense against HSV-2 by supporting both the innate and adaptive immune response.
Fisioterapia en cervicalgia en atención primaria:: A propósito de un caso. (2021)

espanolLas cervicalgias son el segundo motivo de consulta de nuestros pacientes. La edad mas frecuente es de 25 a 45 anos y las causas mas frecuentes son de origen mecanico. Consumen gran cantidad de recursos sanitarios y tienen importantes repercusiones economicas, sobre todo bajas laborales. El objetivo es aliviar el dolor, relajar el espasmo muscular, recobrar la fuerza y resistencia muscular, restaurar el arco de movilidad y la capacidad funcional.1 El tratamiento de fisioterapia del caso clinico se centra no solo en la curacion, sino tambien en la prevencion de la enfermedad. EnglishCervical pain is the second reason for physiotherapy consultation. The most frequent age range is between 25 to 45 years old and the most frequent reason has a mechanical origin. They use a large amount of health resources and have significant economic repercussions, especially in sick leave. The goal is to relieve pain, relax muscle spasm, regain muscle strength and endurance, restore range of motion and functional capacity.1 Physiotherapy treatment of the clinical case focuses not only on the resolution of the pathology but also on the prevention of the disease.
Risk-sensitive control and dynamic games for partially observed discrete-time nonlinear systems (1994)

Solves a finite-horizon partially observed risk-sensitive stochastic optimal control problem for discrete-time nonlinear systems and obtains small noise and small risk limits. The small noise limit is interpreted as a deterministic partially observed dynamic game, and new insights into the optimal solution of such game problems are obtained. Both the risk-sensitive stochastic control problem and the deterministic dynamic game problem are solved using information states, dynamic programming, and associated separated policies. A certainty equivalence principle is also discussed. The authors' results have implications for the nonlinear robust stabilization problem. The small risk limit is a standard partially observed risk-neutral stochastic optimal control problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lack of a significant role for the PerR regulator in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance (2000)

Bacillus subtilis cells lacking the PerR repressor which regulates transcription of genes encoding oxidative stress protective proteins grew at 30–50% the rate of wild-type cells, and perR cultures accumulated rapidly growing suppressor mutants lacking the catalase whose expression is regulated by PerR. However, perR spores which retained the perR regulated catalase were obtained on plates. These perR spores had levels of oxidative stress protective proteins from 7- to 50-fold higher than those in wild-type spores, but perR spore resistance to heat, hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide was essentially identical to that of wild-type spores, indicating that elevated levels of proteins that protect growing cells from oxidizing agents play no role in dormant spore resistance to these compounds. However, germinated perR spores were much more resistant to alkyl hydroperoxides than were wild-type spores.