gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Following Vegetative to Embryonic Cellular Changes in Leaves of Arabidopsis Overexpressing <i>LEAFY COTYLEDON2</i> (2013)

Embryogenesis in flowering plants is controlled by a complex interplay of genetic, biochemical, and physiological regulators. LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) is among a small number of key transcriptional regulators that are known to play important roles in controlling major events during the maturation stage of embryogenesis, notably, the synthesis and accumulation of storage reserves. LEC2 overexpression causes vegetative tissues to change their developmental fate to an embryonic state; however, little information exists about the cellular changes that take place. We show that LEC2 alters leaf morphology and anatomy and causes embryogenic structures to form subcellularly in leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Chloroplasts accumulate more starch, the cytoplasm fills with oil bodies, and lytic vacuoles (LVs) appear smaller in size and accumulate protein deposits. Because LEC2 is responsible for activating the synthesis of seed storage proteins (SSPs) during seed development, SSP accumulation was investigated in leaves. The major Arabidopsis SSP families were shown to accumulate within small leaf vacuoles. By exploiting the developmental and tissue-specific localization of two tonoplast intrinsic protein isoforms, the small leaf vacuoles were identified as protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). Confocal analyses of leaf vacuoles expressing fluorescently labeled tonoplast intrinsic protein isoforms reveal an altered tonoplast morphology resembling an amalgamation of a LV and PSV. Results suggest that as the LV transitions to a PSV, the tonoplast remodels before the large vacuole lumen is replaced by smaller PSVs. Finally, using vegetative and seed markers to monitor the transition, we show that LEC2 induces a reprogramming of leaf development.
A modified formulation of Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang reduces memory impairments and β-amyloid plaques in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder typified by progressive deterioration of memory and the appearance of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ)-rich senile plaques. Recently we have identified a novel function of a patented formulation of modified Huanglian-Jie-Tu-Tang (HLJDT-M), a Chinese herbal medicine, in treating AD in in vitro studies (US patent No. 9,375,457). HLJDT-M is a formulation composed of Rhizoma Coptitis, Cortex Phellodendri and Fructus Gardeniae without Radix Scutellariae. Here, we assessed the efficacy of HLJDT-M on a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3XTg-AD). Oral administration of HLJDT-M ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction of 3XTg-AD mice and lessened the plaque burden. In addition, biochemical assays revealed a significant decrease in levels of detergent-soluble and acid-soluble Aβ via decreasing the levels of full length amyloid-β precursor protein (FL-APP) and C-terminal fragments of APP (CTFs) in brain lysates of HLJDT-M-treated mice. HLJDT-M treatment also significantly reduced the levels of FL-APP and CTFs in N2a/SweAPP cells. In contrast, treatment using the classical formula HLJDT did not reduce the memory impairment of 3XTg-AD mice and, rather, increased the Aβ/Fl-APP/CTFs in both animal and cell culture studies. Altogether, our study indicates that HLJDT-M is a promising herbal formulation to prevent and/or cure AD.
The EML as Coherent Optical Receiver (2017)

Phase-agnostic coherent reception of intensity modulated and OFDM signals over loss budgets of more than 30 dB is experimentally demonstrated with a commercial off-the-shelf externally modulated laser. Wavelength locking is supported for this monolithic-integrated transceiver device.
Production of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers Without Carbon Disulfide (1989)

The dissolving ability and technological suitability of different cellulose solvent systems are compared. Based on a critical analysis of the available literature and ex perimental data, the dimethylformamide-dinitrogen tetroxide system is the most suit able solvent from the point of view of solution preparation and fiber production. The principal parameters of the technological process for manufacturing regenerated cel lulose fibers by the "Camilon" process are compared with those for the viscose process. The Camilon process is demonstrated to have ecological and economical advantages. Composite fibers of cellulose and various synthetic polymers are considered. The special properties of cellulose solutions in zinc chloride and the regenerated cellulose fibers produced from these solutions are discussed.
Manifold anomalies in gene expression in a vineyard isolate of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> revealed by DNA microarray analysis (2000)

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling has important applications in evolutionary biology for assaying the extent of heterozygosity for alleles showing quantitative variation in gene expression in natural populations. We have used DNA microarray analysis to study the global pattern of transcription in a homothallic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from wine grapes in a Tuscan vineyard, along with the diploid progeny obtained after sporulation. The parental strain shows 2:2 segregation (heterozygosity) for three unlinked loci. One determines resistance to trifluoroleucine; another, resistance to copper sulfate; and the third is associated with a morphological phenotype observed as colonies with a ridged surface resembling a filigree. Global expression analysis of the progeny with the filigreed and smooth colony phenotypes revealed a greater than 2-fold difference in transcription for 378 genes (6% of the genome). A large number of the overexpressed genes function in pathways of amino acid biosynthesis (particularly methionine) and sulfur or nitrogen assimilation, whereas many of the underexpressed genes are amino acid permeases. These wholesale changes in amino acid metabolism segregate as a suite of traits resulting from a single gene or a small number of genes. We conclude that natural vineyard populations of S. cerevisiae can harbor alleles that cause massive alterations in the global patterns of gene expression. Hence, studies of expression variation in natural populations, without accompanying segregation analysis, may give a false picture of the number of segregating genes underlying the variation.
Adding Wildcards to the Java Programming Language. (2004)

This paper describes wildcards, a new language construct designed to increase the flexibility of object-oriented type systems with parameterized classes. Based on the notion of use-site variance, wildcards provide type safe abstraction over different instantiations of parameterized classes, by using '?' to denote unspecified type arguments. Thus they essentially unify the distinct families of classes that parametric polymorphism introduces. Wildcards are implemented as part of the addition of generics to the Java TM programming language, and is thus deployed world-wide as part of the reference implementation of the Java compiler javac available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. By providing a richer type system, wildcards allow for an improved type inference scheme for polymorphic method calls. Moreover, by means of a novel notion of wildcard capture, polymorphic methods can be used to give symbolic names to unspecified types, in a manner similar to the "open" construct known from existential types. Wildcards show up in numerous places in the Java Platform APIs of the newest release, and some of the examples in this paper are taken from these APIs.
Evidence for a Six-transmembrane Domain Structure of Presenilin 1 (1997)

Mutations in genes encoding presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 account for the majority of cases of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. The presenilins have been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, but which of the multiple hydrophobic segments of the polypeptide chain span the lipid bilayer is unclear. To address this question, we have constructed a series of chimeric molecules in which a topologically neutral reporter protein (a C-terminal fragment of prolactin) containing three artificial glycosylation sites is fused to presenilin 1 following each of the 10 potential transmembrane domains identified in hydrophobicity plots. We have expressed these chimeras by translation in reticulocyte lysate containing canine pancreatic microsomes and by synthesis in transfected COS cells. Based on utilization of the glycosylation sites and sensitivity of the reporter to protease digestion, we provide evidence that presenilin 1 has six transmembrane segments with the N and C termini in the cytoplasm. This model provides important clues to the potential functions of different parts of the presenilin molecule and how these might relate to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Antibody-dependent Plaque Enhancement: Its Antigenic Specificity in Relation to Togaviridae (1982)

The antigenic specificity of antibody-dependent plaque enhancement (ADPE) on the macrophage cell line P388D1 has been investigated using viruses in the flavivirus and alphavirus genera. Whereas ADPE detected group-specific antigenic determinants in the flaviviruses, narrower specificity (type and subgroup) was seen with alphaviruses. ADPE titres correlated well with haemagglutination inhibition titres.
<i>Wolbachia</i>Transfer from<i>Rhagoletis cerasi</i>to<i>Drosophila simulans</i>: Investigating the Outcomes of Host-Symbiont Coevolution (2004)

Wolbachia is an endosymbiont of diverse arthropod lineages that can induce various alterations of host reproduction for its own benefice. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common phenomenon, which results in embryonic lethality when males that bear Wolbachia are mated with females that do not. In the cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, Wolbachia seems to be responsible for previously reported patterns of incompatibility between populations. Here we report on the artificial transfer of two Wolbachia variants (wCer1 and wCer2) from R. cerasi into Drosophila simulans, which was performed with two major goals in mind: first, to isolate wCer1 from wCer2 in order to individually test their respective abilities to induce CI in the new host; and, second, to test the theoretical prediction that recent Wolbachia-host associations should be characterized by high levels of CI, fitness costs to the new host, and inefficient transmission from mothers to offspring. wCer1 was unable to develop in the new host, resulting in its rapid loss after successful injection, while wCer2 was established in the new host. Transmission rates of wCer2 were low, and the infection showed negative fitness effects, consistent with our prediction, but CI levels were unexpectedly lower in the new host. Based on these parameter estimates, neither wCer1 nor wCer2 could be naturally maintained in D. simulans. The experiment thus suggests that natural Wolbachia transfer between species might be restricted by many factors, should the ecological barriers be bypassed.
Railway Track Condition Assessment at Network Level by Frequency Domain Analysis of GPR Data (2018)

The railway track system is a crucial infrastructure for the transportation of people and goods in modern societies. With the increase in railway traffic, the availability of the track for monitoring and maintenance purposes is becoming significantly reduced. Therefore, continuous non-destructive monitoring tools for track diagnoses take on even greater importance. In this context, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique results yield valuable information on track condition, mainly in the identification of the degradation of its physical and mechanical characteristics caused by subsurface malfunctions. Nevertheless, the application of GPR to assess the ballast condition is a challenging task because the material electromagnetic properties are sensitive to both the ballast grading and water content. This work presents a novel approach, fast and practical for surveying and analysing long sections of transport infrastructure, based mainly on expedite frequency domain analysis of the GPR signal. Examples are presented with the identification of track events, ballast interventions and potential locations of malfunctions. The approach, developed to identify changes in the track infrastructure, allows for a user-friendly visualisation of the track condition, even for GPR non-professionals such as railways engineers, and may further be used to correlate with track geometric parameters. It aims to automatically detect sudden variations in the GPR signals, obtained with successive surveys over long stretches of railway lines, thus providing valuable information in asset management activities of infrastructure managers.
COMPARISON OF VOLUME AND SURFACE MECHANISMS FOR MAGNETIC FILTRATION OF BLOOD CELLS (1984)

Erythrocytes containing diamagnetic hemoglobin were magnetically filtered from diluted whole blood via a new mechanism involving cellular magnetization through surface binding of soluble paramagnetic lanthanide chelates. Filtration efficiencies for diluents containing 40mM concentrations of erbium or dysprosium chelates are compared to those obtained by paramagnetization of internal erythrocytic hemoglobin and shown to be significantly greater, for equivalent non-saturated filtration conditions. As a consequence, useful filtration efficiencies can be reached at field strengths and gradients previously ineffective.
Purification of the gene 0.3 protein of bacteriophage T7, an inhibitor of the DNA restriction system of Escherichia coli. (1981)

The gene 0.3 protein of bacteriophage T7 prevents the DNA restriction system of EScherichia coli from interfering with T7 infection. A mutant strain of T7 that greatly overproduces the 0.3 protein has been constructed and used for purification of this protein. The 0.3 protein ws found to be extremely acidic and can be separated from virtually all other proteins of the infected cell by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Residual contaminating proteins and nucleic acids can be removed by gel filtration, but an even simpler final purification is possible, because under appropriate conditions the 0.3 protein is soluble in high concentrations of ethanol. Thus, a simple, essentially two-step purification can produce about 50 mg of pure 0.3 protein from 30 liters of culture. The purified protein appears to be a dimer of identical subunits. AS expected from its known function during infection, the purified 0.3 protein inhibits the nuclease and ATPase activities of partially purified Eco B, the DNA restriction enzyme of E. coli B, but it does not interfere with several different type II endonucleases tested. The inhibition of Eco B appears to require stoichiometric rather than catalytic amounts of 0.3 protein.
An auscultatory technique of Chinese medicine: Pattern recognition based on timbre of human-voice matching with standardized patterns of sound from Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng (2013)

In order to find a sensitive and stable auscultatory method, recognition algorithm for human-voice matching with 25 patterns for 25Yin, a pattern library with 25 sounds as standard patterns was established in this manuscript. Furthermore, Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) was applied to analyse for sampled sound and then the algorithm of Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used to match the sampled sound, which had been dipt the baseline signal and the signal at the part of consonants in each single pronunciation during voice sampling, with every sound in the pattern library. A table had been listed with 25 nomenclature for 25 Yin described in HDNJ and related to the code-named (CN) of the wave sound from BMYZ. The recognition algorithm based on MFCC plus SVMto match human-voice and the pattern library with 25 sounds offered a well-accuracy well-precision and potential technique to recognize different individuals according to the classic theory.
QT PRODACT: In Vivo QT Assay With a Conscious Monkey for Assessment of the Potential for Drug-Induced QT Interval Prolongation (2005)

In safety pharmacology studies, the effects on the QT interval of electrocardiograms are routinely assessed using a telemetry system in cynomolgus monkeys. However, there is a lack of integrated databases concerning in vivo QT assays in conscious monkeys. As part of QT Interval Prolongation: Project for Database Construction (QT PRODACT), the present study examined 10 positive compounds with the potential to prolong the QT interval and 6 negative compounds considered to have no such effect on humans. The experiments were conducted at 7 facilities in accordance with a standard protocol established by QT PRODACT. The vehicle or 3 doses of each test compound were administered orally to male cynomolgus monkeys (n=3-4), and telemetry signals were recorded for 24 h. None of the negative compounds prolonged the corrected QT using Bazett's formula (QTcB) interval. On the other hand, almost all of the positive compounds prolonged the QTcB interval, but haloperidol, terfenadine, and thioridazine did not. The failure to detect the QTcB interval prolongation appeared to be attributable for the differences in metabolism between species and/or disagreement with Bazett's formula for tachycardia. In the cynomolgus monkeys, astemizole induced Torsade de Pointes and cisapride caused tachyarrhythmia at lower plasma concentrations than those observed in humans and dogs. These results suggest that in vivo QT assays in conscious monkeys represent a useful model for assessing the risks of drug-induced QT interval prolongation.
A digital ion trap mass spectrometer coupled with atmospheric pressure ion sources (2004)

In a digital ion trap (DIT), the quadrupole trapping and excitation waveforms are generated by the rapid switching between discrete d.c. voltage levels. As the timing of the switch can be controlled precisely by digital circuitry, the approach provides an opportunity to generate mass spectra by means of a frequency scan in contrast to the conventional voltage scan, thus providing a wider mass range of analysis. An instrument has been constructed which employs a 'non-stretched' ion trap and the field fault around the aperture of the end-cap electrode can be corrected electronically using a field-adjusting electrode. The ion trap was coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI) sources to demonstrate the capability of the digital method. AP-MALDI mass spectra of singly charged ions with mass-to-charge ratios upto 17 000 Th were generated using a trapping voltage of only 1000 V. Forward and reverse mass scans at resolutions up to 19 000 and precursor ion isolation at resolutions up to 3500 with subsequent tandem mass spectrometric analysis were demonstrated. The method of generating the digital waveforms and period scan is described. Discussion of the issues of mass range, scan speed, ion trapping efficiency and collision-induced dissociation efficiency are also provided.
TANSO: A componentized distributed service foundation in cloud environment (2010)

Along with the improvement of cloud technologies, we envision that thousands of web applications whether owned by individuals or enterprises will be migrated into cloud. These web applications share the cloud resources while require different quality of service guarantees and management policies. It is challenging while with abundant innovation opportunities given the easy and dynamic provisioning of cloud resources. In order to facilitate practitioners to evaluate, experiment, or enhance existing functionalities of distributed web application management in cloud environment, a componentized distributed service foundation named TANSO is proposed. TANSO targets serving as platform to manage thousands of web application server instances and provide plenty of interfaces for user to extend and experiment new ideas. TANSO has implemented framework components to enable fundamental management. It also provides interfaces to admit and foster user's innovative algorithms and designs for managing large-scale web applications.
The Properties of Sulfur Rubber Concrete （SRC） (2006)

为硫橡胶水泥(SRC ) 的干法和湿法的混合图案和标本准备被调查。抗压强度， corrosion-resistanceand 坚韧被学习并且讨论。结果证明 SRC 是腐蚀 -- 抵抗并且。尽管 SRC 的抗压强度与增加橡胶内容减少，坚韧相反增加。增加的微填料的愿望改进 SRC 的抗压强度，为硫含量有阀值价值，在哪个抗压强度和 SRCreach 的可使用性最佳平衡。在橡胶粒子和包围的硫之间的契约由于产生交叉结合 through-S-C 契约的硫化工序是强壮的。
[Intravesical instillation of trospium chloride, oxybutynin and verapamil for relaxation of the bladder detrusor muscle. A placebo controlled, randomized clinical test]. (1998)

Therapy of detrusor hyperactivity with anticholinergic agents often is followed by adverse drug reactions. Intravesical application may be an interesting alternative. A randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, mono-centre clinical trial was carried out in 84 patients with urgency or urge incontinence. Due to intravesical administration of oxybutynin (CAS 5633-20-5) (n = 21) and trospium chloride (CAS 10405-02-4) (n = 21), respectively, a significant increase in maximum bladder capacity and decrease of detrusor pressure accompanied by an increase of residual urine were found in comparison to placebo in urodynamical investigations. Improvement of uninhibited bladder contractions occurred leading to higher filling volume. Under verapamil (CAS 152-11-4) (n = 21) no marked changes in the efficacy variables were found compared with placebo. All patients completed the study and were assessed with regard to efficacy and safety. No adverse events or marked changes in the vital signs were reported. The immediate onset of effect and the lack of adverse drug reactions suggest that treatment with topical oxybutynin or trospium chloride is an effective alternative in patients with intolerable side effects when orally treated. In addition, intravesical administration may be indicated in patients with bladder spasms due to indwelling catheter or in order to increase bladder capacity before percutaneous cystostomy.
Instability modes and transition of pulsatile stenotic flow: pulse-period dependence (2007)

The instability modes arising within simple non-reversing pulsatile flows in a circular tube with a smooth axisymmetric constriction are examined using global Floquet stability analysis and direct numerical simulation. The sectionally averaged pulsatile flow is represented with one harmonic component superimposed on a time-mean flow. We have previously identified a period-doubling global instability mechanism associated with alternating tilting of the vortex rings that are ejected out of the stenosis throat with each pulse. Here we show that while alternating tilting of vortex rings is the primary instability mode for comparatively larger reduced velocities associated with long pulse periods (or low Womersley numbers), for lower reduced velocities that are associated with shorter pulse periods the primary instability typically manifests as azimuthal waves (Widnall instability modes) of low wavenumber that grow on each vortex ring. Convective shear-layer instabilities are also supported by the types of flow considered. To provide an insight into the comparative role of these types of instability, which have still shorter temporal periods, we also introduce high-frequency low-amplitude perturbations to the base flows of the above global instabilities. For the range of parameters considered, we observe that the dominant features of the primary Floquet instability persist, but that the additional presence of the convective instability can have a destabilizing effect, especially for long pulse periods.