gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Demand-Matching Problem (2007)

We examine formulations for the well-known b-matching problem in the presence of integer demands on the edges. A subset M of edges is feasible if for each node v the total demand of edges in M incident to v is at most b v . We examine the system of star inequalities for this problem. This system yields an exact linear description for b-matchings in bipartite graphs. For the demand version, we show that the integrality gap for this system is at least 2.5 and at most 2.764. For general graphs, the gap lies between 3 and 3.264. We also describe a 3-approximation algorithm (2.5 for bipartite graphs) for the cardinality version of the problem. A fully polynomial approximation scheme is also presented for the problem on a tree, thus generalising a well-known result for the knapsack problem. Recently, the notion of demand matching has arisen in the design of Clos network switches.
Uracil-Directed Ligand Tethering:  An Efficient Strategy for Uracil DNA Glycosylase (UNG) Inhibitor Development (2005)

Uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) is an important DNA repair enzyme that recognizes and excises uracil bases in DNA using an extrahelical recognition mechanism. It is emerging as a desirable target for small-molecule inhibitors given its key role in a wide range of biological processes including the generation of antibody diversity, DNA replication in a number of viruses, and the formation of DNA strand breaks during anticancer drug therapy. To accelerate the discovery of inhibitors of UNG we have developed a uracil-directed ligand tethering strategy. In this efficient approach, a uracil aldehyde ligand is tethered via alkyloxyamine linker chemistry to a diverse array of aldehyde binding elements. Thus, the mechanism of extrahelical recognition of the uracil ligand is exploited to target the UNG active site, and alkyloxyamine linker tethering is used to randomly explore peripheral binding pockets. Since no compound purification is required, this approach rapidly identified the first small-molecule inhibitors of human UNG with micromolar to submicromolar binding affinities. In a surprising result, these uracil-based ligands are found not only to bind to the active site but also to bind to a second uncompetitive site. The weaker uncompetitive site suggests the existence of a transient binding site for uracil during the multistep extrahelical recognition mechanism. This very general inhibitor design strategy can be easily adapted to target other enzymes that recognize nucleobases, including other DNA repair enzymes that recognize other types of extrahelical DNA bases.
Arizona's Water Strategy: Bring More In and Restrict Its Use (1983)

Decades of pumping groundwater faster than the natural rate of replenishment have lowered Arizona’s water table to record depths and caused land subsidence and fissures. The state’s current consumption of water is nearly twice as great as its renewable supply of 2.8 million acre-feet. To correct this dangerous situation the state has taken a two-pronged approach: (1) It will pipe in more Colorado River water via a new aqueduct system known as the Central Arizona Project (CAP); and (2) it has become the first state in the union to restrict the pumping of groundwater. The article gives details of both the CAP and the state’s Groundwater Management Act of 1980.
Vortex simulation of the reacting shear layer - Effects of Reynolds and Damkohler numbers (1989)

Numerical nimulat ion is used t o s tudy t h e behavior of an u n s t a b l e , two-dimensional. two3tream. spa t i a l ly -deve lop ing r e a c t i n g s h e a r layer. The cnsteady ma.qn, momentum, energy and s p e c i e s Conservat ion equa t ions a r e In t eg ra t ed by t r a n s p o r t i n g t h e g r a d i e n t s of t h e primary v a r i a b l e s along p a r t i c l e p a t h , while t h e i n t e n P i f i c a t i o n o f t h e s c a l a r g r a d i e n t s due t o t h e s t r a i n f i e l d is incorpoPated u t i l i z i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between the c o n c e n t r a t i o n F i e l d and t h e d i s t o r t i o n of t h e flow map. A low h e a t r e l e a s e chemical r e a c t i o n is used t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e e f f e c t s of t u rbu lence on chemistry a t high Reynolds and P e c l e t numbers and moderate Damkohler nLmberP. Resu l t s r evea l a s t r o n g s i m i l a r i t y between t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n s of product c o n c e n t r a t i o n and v o r t i c i t y due t o t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between p r o d w t g e n e r a t i o n and advec t ion by t h e s t ra in f i e l d a s s o c i a t e d w i t h v o r t i c i t y amalgamation i n t o laPge v o r t e x edd ie s . Ou t s ide t h e l a r g e e d d i e s , t h e .*train f i e l d reduces product c o n c e n t r a t i o n by th inn ing t h e l a y e r and by reducing t h e t ime allowed f o r mixing. A t h igh Reynolds number, t h e r 3 t e of product formation is s t r o n g l y governed by the en t r a inmen t of r e a c t a n t s I n t o t h e l a r g e e d d i e s , which is weakly dependent on Reynolds ntirnber. The e f f e c t of t h e Damkohler number is P t P O n g ar0l;nd D,-1 where the Pate of p m d u c t formation r i s e s rap id ly w i t h t h e $peed of t h e chemical r e a c t i o n , reaching an asymptote around D,-20. The . s t ruc tu re of t h e layer a t high and low DamkohleP numbers 1.analyzed i n d e t a i l . The pQac tan t9 r a t i o aCPOPP t h e l a y e r enhance t h e Pa te of product formation by en fo rc ing s t r o n g e r P o t e n t i a l f o r the chemical r e a c t i o n .
A Mutation in the Cone-Specific <i>pde6</i> Gene Causes Rapid Cone Photoreceptor Degeneration in Zebrafish (2007)

Photoreceptor degeneration is a common cause of inherited blindness worldwide. We have identified a blind zebrafish mutant with rapid degeneration of cone photoreceptors caused by a mutation in the cone phosphodiesterase c (pde6c) gene, a key regulatory component in cone phototransduction. Some rods also degenerate, primarily in areas with a low density of rods. Rod photoreceptors in areas of the retina that always have a high density of rods are protected from degeneration. Our findings demonstrate that, analogous to what happens to rod photoreceptors in the rd1 mouse model, loss of cone phosphodiesterase leads to rapid degeneration of cone photoreceptors. Furthermore, we propose that cell density plays a key role in determining whether rod photoreceptors degenerate as a secondary consequence to cone degeneration. Our zebrafish mutant serves as a model for developing therapeutic treatments for photoreceptor degeneration in humans.
Attenuation Correction in Myocardial Perfusion SPECT/CT: Effects of Misregistration and Value of Reregistration (2007)

Misregistration occurs with SPECT/CT systems and influences regional tracer distribution on attenuation-corrected myocardial images. Reregistration of misaligned studies may be a useful tool for correction. The impact of this strategy on the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of cardiac hybrid imaging needs to be determined.
Identifying High-Cost Medicare Beneficiaries: Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage (2019)

The objective of this observational longitudinal study of Maryland fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (2015-2016) was to investigate whether using data on neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage in addition to individual clinical risk data improves identification of high-cost Medicare beneficiaries. Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is measured using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a validated composite measure based on publically-available US census data (2011-2015) for Maryland census block groups. Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC) score, health care utilization, and spending were obtained from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Chronic Condition Warehouse beneficiary file and Part A and Part B claims data (2015). Total cost of care (TCOC) was calculated for 2016. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the relationship of residency in neighborhoods with high ADI and subsequent year health care spending. Among 615,637 Maryland Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, those living in neighborhoods with the greatest disadvantage vs. the least disadvantage incur significantly greater costs in the subsequent year (ADI Quintile 5 $12,439 versus Quintile 1 $8920, <i>P</i> < .001). Clinical risk exacerbates this disparity. Among beneficiaries in the highest HCC score quintile, costs are 27% ($5458, <i>P</i> < .001) higher among beneficiaries in the highest compared with the lowest ADI quintiles without risk adjustment and 24% ($4599, <i>P</i> < .001) higher with risk adjustment. Several sensitivity analyses found the relationship between ADI and TCOC robust. Association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and health care cost is most pronounced among the most clinically complex Maryland Medicare beneficiaries. Using ADI in combination with HCC score may facilitate more precise targeting of care management resources.
Development of Techniques for Real-Time Monitoring and Control in Plasma Etching (1990)

Process control strategies have been developed for plasma etching of silicon (Si) and silicon dioxide (SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) in a CF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> /O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> plasma. The analysis considered four measured variables, four manipulated variables, and up to seven performance variables. Empirical input-output models were developed by regression analysis. Relative gain array analysis and singular value decomposition were used to select manipulated/process variable control loop pairings and to evaluate potential difficulties in control system performance. Singular value decomposition was also used to determine process/performance variable pairings. Block relative gain analysis of multivariable interactions in the process indicated that partial decoupling was necessary for adequate control, which was verified by simulation.
Shape memory alloy superelastic behavior: 3D finite-element simulations (1996)

Due to an unusual macroscopic behavior, the shape-memory alloys lend themselves to innovative applications. Recently, a 3D constitutive model able to simulate the superelastic behavior has been proposed. The implementation of such a model within a finite-element framework is used here to perform the analysis of two shape-memory-alloy structures: a beam under four-point bending and a microstructure for the treatment of hollow-organ or duct- system occlusions (stent).
A New Isolation Method of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid from<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Using a Lytic Enzyme of<i>Achromobacter lyticus</i> (1977)

Journal Article A New Isolation Method of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Staphylococcus aureus Using a Lytic Enzyme of Achromobacter lyticus Get access Sueharu Horinouchi, Sueharu Horinouchi Laboratory of Fermentation, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takeshi Uozumi, Takeshi Uozumi Laboratory of Fermentation, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teruhiko Beppu, Teruhiko Beppu Laboratory of Fermentation, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kei Arima Kei Arima Laboratory of Fermentation, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 12, 1 December 1977, Pages 2487–2489, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862891 Published: 01 December 1977 Article history Received: 30 August 1977 Published: 01 December 1977
Soya milk trials (1988)

Substituting soya milk for cows' milk in the diets of children under one year old does not reduce the risk of allergic disease, according to the latest in a series of trials on food and allergy.
Discovery and pharmacological characterization of a novel potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol‐sensitive<scp>TRPC</scp>cation channels (2015)

Our results confirm the role of TRPC6 channels in hypoxic pulmonary vasoregulation and indicate that these channels are unlikely to play a major role in BP regulation in SHR. SAR7334 is a novel, highly potent and bioavailable inhibitor of TRPC6 channels that opens new opportunities for the investigation of TRPC channel function in vivo.
Polarimetric characterization of liquid-crystal-on-silicon panels (2006)

Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry of liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) panels provides detailed information useful for the diagnosis of LCoS problems and to understand the interaction of LCoS panels with other projector components. Data reduction methods are presented for the analysis of LCoS Mueller matrix images yielding contrast ratio, efficiency, spatial uniformity, and the calculation of optimum trim retarders. The effects of nonideal retardance, retardance orientation, and depolarization on LCoS system performance are described. The white-state and dark-state Mueller matrix images of an example LCoS panel are analyzed in terms of LCoS performance metrics typical for red-green-blue wavelengths of 470, 550, and 640 nm. Variations of retardance, retardance orientation, and depolarization are shown to have different effects on contrast ratio, efficiency, and brightness. Thus Mueller matrix images can diagnose LCoS problems in a way different from radiometric testing. The calculation of optimum trim retarders in the presence of spatial variations is discussed. The relationship of the LCoS retardance in single-pass (from front to back) to the double-pass retardance (from entrance to exit) is established and used to clarify coordinate system issues related to Mueller matrices for reflection devices.
Interleukin-2 Receptor-Directed Therapies: Antibody-or Cytokine-Based Targeting Molecules (1993)

With the exception of certain hematologic malignancies, the high affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor is only transiently expressed during the brief antigen-triggered proliferative burst of lymphocytes. Hence, we wondered whether administration of anti-IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) monoclonal antibody (mAb) or chimeric IL-2 toxins would provide a utilitarian way to achieve immunosuppression aimed directly at activated lymphocytes, or whether this approach could be used to treat IL-2R+ leukemia/lymphoma. Studies in preclinical autoimmune and transplant models indicate that this approach can be effective. The results of open, uncontrolled studies provide preliminary evidence that a chimeric IL-2 toxin is well tolerated at doses that may induce improvement in patients with IL-2R+ leukemia/lymphoma, as well as in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis or new-onset diabetes mellitus.
Enhanced dye-sensitized solar cell using graphene-TiO2 photoanode prepared by heterogeneous coagulation (2010)

In this study, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated using graphene-TiO2 composite photoanodes. The graphene-TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared using the heterogeneous coagulation between Nafion-coated graphene and commercial TiO2 (P25) nanoparticles, which ensured a tight interfacial binding between them. The DSSC incorporating 0.5 wt % graphene in the TiO2 photoanode demonstrates a power conversion efficiency of 4.28%, which is 59% higher than that without graphene. It was found that the incorporated graphene caused both increased dye adsorption and significant longer electron lifetime. Graphene has been proven to be an attractive candidate for improving the performance of DSSC.
Xanthine Oxidoreductase‐Derived Reactive Species: Physiological and Pathological Effects (2015)

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is widely distributed among species. In addition to this housekeeping function, mammalian XOR is a physiological source of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, which can function as second messengers in the activation of various pathways. This review intends to address the physiological and pathological roles of XOR-derived oxidant molecules. The cytocidal action of XOR products has been claimed in relation to tissue damage, in particular damage induced by hypoxia and ischemia. Attempts to exploit this activity to eliminate unwanted cells via the construction of conjugates have also been reported. Moreover, different aspects of XOR activity related to phlogosis, endothelial activation, leukocyte activation, and vascular tone regulation, have been taken into consideration. Finally, the positive and negative outcomes concerning cancer pathology have been analyzed because XOR products may induce mutagenesis, cell proliferation, and tumor progression, but they are also associated with apoptosis and cell differentiation. In conclusion, XOR activity generates free radicals and other oxidant reactive species that may result in either harmful or beneficial outcomes.
Herpesvirus Entry: an Update (2003)

The entry of herpesviruses into cells depends upon interactions of several viral glycoproteins with multiple cell surface receptors. Also, each herpesvirus may have evolved multiple pathways for entry into different cell types, as is evident for HSV and EBV. The broad host range of HSV is consistent with its use of cell surface heparan sulfate as a binding receptor and both 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate and multiple conserved and widely expressed proteins as entry receptors. The more limited host range of EBV (at least in the case of its B-cell target) is also consistent with its use of binding and entry receptors that are found together on very few cell types, chief of which are B cells. Much remains to be learned about the actual requirements for entry of these viruses into the target cell types that are critical for disease and about the mechanisms of virus-induced membrane fusion.
Four parameter sine fit with less than one cycle of data (2004)

- When an ADC acquires sine-wave dafa and the record length confains less fhan one cycle of fhe sine wave, and fhe frequency of fhe sine-wave or the sampling frequency are not known exacfly, the standard four parameter curve-fir algorithm does nof always converge. A technique, usingpolynomial~fting, is demonstrafed The algorithm extracfs the four paramefers when the dafa sef includes from 20% fo 100% of a cycle of fhe sine wave. The sensitivify to noise and harmonic disforfion is examined The resulfs converge fo near the correcf values, but fhere are noise and harmonic disforfion sensifivifies.
Study on the Synthesis of rac-3-Methoxy-6-oxo-N-methylmorphinan (1968)

rac-3-Methoxy-6-oxo-N-methylmorphinan was synthesized from 1-(p-methoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6-oxo-Δ9, 10-octahydroisoquinoline and also from 1-(p-methoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6-oxo-Δ5, 10-octahydroisoquinoline by the action of 85% phosphoric acid according to Grewe's cyclization, respectively. 1-(p-Methoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6, 6-ethylenedioxy-Δ9, 10-octahydroisoquinoline, which was used as a starting material, was prepared from 2-(p-methoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6, 6-ethylenedioxy-Δ9, 10-octahydroisoquinolinium chloride by means of Stevens'rearrangement.
Degradation of Nucleic Acids in Cell Lysates by S1 Nuclease in the Presence of 9 M Urea and Sodium Dodecylsulfate (1977)

Single‐strand‐specific nuclease S1 from Aspergillus oryzae is shown to degrade DNA and RNA in lysates of HeLa cells in the presence of 9 M urea and sodium dodecylsulfate. Free dodecylsulfate inhibits S1 nuclease. However, if the detergent is complexed with proteins prior to the addition of the enzyme, S1 nuclease can degrade nucleic acids at dodecylsulfate concentrations which would inhibit the enzyme completely if no other proteins were present. In lysates prepared from HeLa cells by treatment with dodecylsulfate and urea, the detergent is complexed by cellular proteins and therefore S1 nuclease can be used to digest DNA and RNA. DNA can be completely degraded but, even after heat‐denaturation, only 60% of the cellular RNA is converted into acid‐soluble material. Analysis of the acid‐insoluble RNA fragments by gel filtration reveals that the majority of the degradation products is approximately of tRNA size.
Ethanol, Flunitrazepam, and Pentobarbital Modulation of GABAA Receptors Expressed in Mammalian Cells and Xenopus Oocytes (1997)

GABAA receptors composed of human α1β2γ2L, α1β2γ2S, α1 β3γ2S, α6β3γ2S, and αβ3γ3 subunits as well as bovine α1 β1 γ2L and α1β1 subunits were stably expressed in mammalian L(tk−) cells and transiently expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Effects of muscimol, ethanol, flunitrazepam, and pentobarbital on receptor function were compared for the two expression systems using a 36CI− flux assay for cells and an electrophysiological assay for oocytes. Muscimol activated all receptors in both expression systems but was more potent for L(tk−) cells than oocytes; this difference ranged from 2.6–to 26–fold, depending upon subunit composition. The most pronounced differences between receptors and expression systems were found for ethanol. In L(tk−) cells, low (5–50 mM) concentrations of ethanol potentiated muscimol responses only with receptors containing the γ2L subunit. In oocytes, concentrations of 30–100 mM produced small enhancements for most subunit combinations. Flunitrazepam enhanced muscimol responses for all receptors except α6β3γ2S and α1β1, and this enhancement was similar for both expression systems. Pentobarbital also enhanced muscimol responses for all receptors, and this enhancement was similar for L(tk−) cells and oocytes, except for α6β3γ2S where the pentobarbital enhancement was much greater in oocytes than cells. The α6β3γ2S receptors were also distinct in that pentobarbital produced direct activation of chloride channels in both expression systems. Thus, the type of expression/assay system markedly affects the actions of ethanol on GABAA receptors and also influences the actions of muscimol and pentobarbital on this receptor. Differences between these expression systems may reflect posttranslational modifications of receptor subunits.
Differentially Pumped Ion Nitriding Furnace (1971)

Ion nitriding hardening of steel surfaces has required a very special high-voltage cathode insulator supporting the work. The water-cooled chamber is grounded and is the anode of the system. A glow discharge at about 1000 V and pressures in the 1–15 Torr range in an atmosphere of mixed nitrogen and hydrogen heats the work to 1000 °F while bombarding its surface with nitrogen ions forming the hardening nitrides. A system with the cathode at ground potential has been built by inserting an intermediate chamber between the work-holding structure and the enclosing chamber. It was found easy to maintain the required pressures within the intermediate, reactive chamber while maintaining a vacuum high enough to eliminate glow discharge between the chambers. A description of the construction and operation of the equipment is given. It is proposed that this type of equipment could also be used for various thin-film components such as tantalum nitride resistors. Other gases could also be employed.