gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Transparent Compositionally Graded Buffers for New Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cell Designs (2016)

The development of compositionally graded buffer layers (CGBs) with enhanced transparency would enable novel five and six junction solar cells, with efficiencies approaching 50% under high concentration. We demonstrate highly transparent grades between the GaAs and InP lattice constants on both A- and B-miscut GaAs substrates, employing Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x-y</sub> As and highly Se-doped Burstein-Moss (BM) shifted GaxIn 1-xP. Transparency to >810 and >890 nm wavelengths is demonstrated with BM-shifted Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> P on B-miscut substrates and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x-y</sub> As/Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> P(Se) combined grades on A-miscut substrates, respectively. 0.74 eV GaInAs solar cells grown on these transparent CGBs exhibit W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> = 0.41 V at mA/ cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , performance comparable with the state-of-the-art Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> P grade employed in the four-junction-inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) cell. A GaAs/0.74cV GaInAs tandem cell was grown with a transparent BM-shifted Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> P CGB to verify the CGB performance in a multijunction device structure. Quantum efficiency measurements indicate that the CGB is completely transparent to photons below the GaAs bandedge, validating its use in 4-6 junction IMM devices with a single-graded buffer. This tandem represents a highly efficient two-junction band gap combination, achieving 29.6% ± 1.2% efficiency under the AM1.5 global spectrum, demonstrating how the additional transparency enables new device structures.
Synchronously modulated soliton systems: a simple analysis of timing-jitter statistics and bit error rate (2002)

Summary form only given. Regeneration of soliton signals through synchronous phase or intensity modulation (PM or IM) causes dramatic reduction of jitter and amplitude noise, therefore enabling unlimited propagation distances. Through perturbation theory and extensive numerical simulations, it was shown that after regeneration, the output statistics of the jitter are non-Gaussian. In this paper, we derive through a simpler and analytical method the non-Gaussian probability density functions (PDF) for PM or IM. We use them to evaluate the respective deviations in bit error rates (BER) with respect to the Gaussian PDF approximation.
Towards jamming-resistant and competitive medium access in the SINR model (2011)

The efficient coordination of medium access is arguably one of the most relevant applications of distributed computing. Recently, progress has been made in the design of robust medium access (MAC) protocols that guarantee a competitive throughput against a powerful jammer which can block the medium an arbitrary constant fraction (1-ε) of the time. These MAC protocols exploit the remaining ε-fraction optimally in the sense that a significant part is used for successful transmissions. However, so far these throughput guarantees only hold for rather simplistic interference models such as Unit Disk Graphs.
Substrate specificity of the Rad3 ATPase/DNA helicase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and binding of Rad3 protein to nucleic acids. (1992)

Rad3 protein from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase which catalyzes the unwinding of DNA.DNA duplexes. In the present studies we have demonstrated that the purified enzyme additionally catalyzes the displacement of RNA fragments annealed to complementary DNA. Quantitative comparisons using otherwise identical partially duplex DNA.DNA and DNA.RNA substrates indicate a significant preference for the latter. Competition for ATPase or DNA helicase activity by various homopolymers suggests that Rad3 protein does not discriminate between ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide homopolymers with respect to binding. However, neither single-stranded RNA nor various ribonucleotide homopolymers supported the hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates. Additionally, Rad3 protein was unable to catalyze the displacement of oligo(dA) annealed to poly(U), suggesting that the catalytic domain of the enzyme is exquisitely sensitive to chemical and/or or conformational differences between DNA and RNA. Hence, it appears that Rad3 protein is not an RNA helicase.
Multimodal Applications from Mobile to Kiosk (2004)

Multimodal interfaces provide more flexible and compelling interaction and can enable public information kiosks to support more complex tasks for a broader community of users. MATCHKiosk is a multimodal interactive city guide which provides users with the freedom to interact using speech, pen, touch or multimodal inputs. The system responds by generating multimodal presentations that synchronize synthetic speech with a life-like virtual agent and dynamically generated graphics. 1
The Entirely Subcutaneous Defibrillator (S-Icd): State of the Art and Selection of the Ideal Candidate (2014)

The traditional transvenous defibrillator has been one of the greatest advancement in Cardiology in the last 30 years and has demonstrated to reduce arrhythmic and total mortality in selected patients. However the traditional defibrillator can have a high price to pay in terms of complications, the "weakest link" being the transvenous/endocardial leads. The entirely subcutaneous defibrillator (S-ICD) has recently entered into the clinical scenario and represents a valid alternative to the transvenous device. S-ICD can provide substantial advantages, especially among some subgroups of patients (i.e. after device infection, in young patients and arrhythmogenic syndromes). However, given its characteristics, it is fundamental to choose patients that can benefit the most. In this review we will describe advantages and limitations of the SICD and point-out how to select the "ideal candidate" for the implantation.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Recognize a Cross-Reactive Epitope on the Transmembrane Region of Influenza H1 and H2 Hemagglutinins (1989)

A cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone was produced by stimulation with a hybrid protein that contained a portion of the NS1 and the HA2 subunit of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. Transfer of this clone clears virus from the lungs of mice challenged with H1 or H2 viruses. In these experiments we define the location of the protective CTL epitope to the transmembrane portion of the influenza A virus hemagglutinin which is well-conserved on H1 and H2 subtype viruses. The H1 and H2 cross-reactive CTL clone recognized a synthetic peptide of 23 amino acids (anchor peptide) corresponding to the transmembrane domain of the A/PR/8 (H1) HA as well as the comparable anchor peptide of the A/JAP (H2) HA. The anchor peptide of the A/PR/8 HA competed against the anchor peptide of A/JAP HA in cold target inhibition tests. These results indicate that the epitope recognized by the cross-reactive CTL is located on the transmembrane region of both A/PR/8 HA and A/JAP HA. We prepared synthetic peptides to define the epitope within the transmembrane region of A/PR/8 HA which is recognized by a cross reactive CTL clone. The results indicate that residues 518-528 in the transmembrane region of A/PR/8 HA contain the cross-reactive CTL epitope.
Optimization and Evaluation of a Novel Size Based Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation System (2015)

Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood has the potential to provide a far easier "liquid biopsy" than tumor tissue biopsies, to monitor tumor cell populations during disease progression and in response to therapies. Many CTC isolation technologies have been developed. We optimized the Parsortix system, an epitope independent, size and compressibility-based platform for CTCs isolation, making it possible to harvest CTCs at the speed and sample volume comparable to standard CellSearch system. We captured more than half of cancer cells from different cancer cell lines spiked in blood samples from healthy donors using this system. Cell loss during immunostaining of cells transferred and fixed on the slides is a major problem for analyzing rare cell samples. We developed a novel cell transfer and fixation method to retain >90% of cells on the slide after the immunofluorescence process without affecting signal strength and specificity. Using this optimized method, we evaluated the Parsortix system for CTC harvest in prostate cancer patients in comparison to immunobead based CTC isolation systems IsoFlux and CellSearch. We harvested a similar number (p = 0.33) of cytokeratin (CK) positive CTCs using Parsortix and IsoFlux from 7.5 mL blood samples of 10 prostate cancer patients (an average of 33.8 and 37.6 respectively). The purity of the CTCs harvested by Parsortix at 3.1% was significantly higher than IsoFlux at 1.0% (p = 0.02). Parsortix harvested significantly more CK positive CTCs than CellSearch (p = 0.04) in seven prostate cancer patient samples, where both systems were utilized (an average of 32.1 and 10.1 respectively). We also captured CTC clusters using Parsortix. Using four-color immunofluorescence we found that 85.8% of PC3 cells expressed EpCAM, 91.7% expressed CK and 2.5% cells lacked both epithelial markers. Interestingly, 95.6% of PC3 cells expressed Vimentin, including those cells that lacked both epithelial marker expression, indicating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. CK-positive/Vimentin-positive/CD45-negative, and CK-negative/Vimentin-positive/CD45-negative cells were also observed in four of five prostate cancer patients but rarely in three healthy controls, indicating that Parsortix harvests CTCs with both epithelial and mesenchymal features. We also demonstrated using PC3 and DU145 spiking experiment that Parsortix harvested cells were viable for cell culture.
Potassium multiphosphates for food processing (2007)

Potassium multiphosphates for food processing The paper discusses the results of research on the preparation of food grade potassium di- and triphosphates and the application thereof as multiphosphate ingredients of functional additives for meat processing. The research on the process of potassium multiphosphate manufacture was performed with the use of equipment corresponding to that used on an industrial scale, facilitating thereby the transfer of the process conditions to a commercial level. The aim of the work was to obtain potassium di- and triphosphate products readily soluble in water and NaCl solutions, determination of optimum parameters of the manufacturing processes, and an application of the products obtained along with sodium multiphosphates in functional phosphate additives for selected meat products. The research presented here is part of an on-going project.
Hemorheological Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

The objective of the present study is to review hemorheological disorders in diabetes mellitus. Several key hemorheological parameters, such as whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and aggregation, are examined in the context of elevated blood glucose level in diabetes. The erythrocyte deformability is reduced, whereas its aggregation increases, both of which make whole blood more viscous compared to healthy individuals. The present paper explains how the increased blood viscosity adversely affects the microcirculation in diabetes, leading to microangiopathy.
Impregnated Fiber—Glass Yarn for High-Strength Geosynthetic Reinforcement (1991)

HERCUFLEX Strands are glass fibers which have been impregnated with a polymeric coating. The physical properties of these strands have been determined and compared to fiber glass rovings and organic fibers. These strands can be woven, knitted, or formed into grids. The effects of temperature, humidity, U.V. radiation, and chemical environment on the strength and flexibility of these strands as well as the fabrics were studied. It was found that HERCUFLEX strands satisfy the main performance requirements of high-strength, high-modulus and low creep geosynthetic reinforcement for soft soils and steep embankment. However, other important properties such as survivability, durability, and seamability are now being thoroughly investigated.
Micromachined diffuser/nozzle elements for valve-less pumps (2002)

We present an investigation of the flow directing properties of several micromachined diffuser elements with different lengths and opening angles for valve-less micropumps. The lengths of the diffusers are from 1.45 to 3.95 mm and the half-elliptic cross-sections about 30/spl times/100 /spl mu/m. Analytical results are compared to experimental results on individual diffuser chips and diffusers in a pump chip. The diffuser elements were fabricated in silicon and glass using isotropic and anisotropic etching and anodic bonding.
Biofuels in Perspective (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fossil versus Renewable Energy Resources Economic Impact Comparison of Bio-energy Sources Conclusion References
C-reactive protein is a bystander of cardiovascular disease (2010)

A large number of studies have evaluated the association of hs-C-reactive protein with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) in mechanistic, genetic, population-based studies, as well as clinical trials. This paper reviews the collective evidence to determine if hs-C-reactive protein is part of the causal pathway of atherosclerosis and CHD or whether it is a bystander.
sCD4-17b bifunctional protein: Extremely broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 Env pseudotyped viruses from genetically diverse primary isolates (2010)

The results highlight the extremely potent and broad neutralizing activity of sCD4-17b against genetically diverse HIV-1 primary isolates. The bifunctional protein has potential applications for antiviral approaches to combat HIV infection.
Switched-capacitor broadband noise generator for CMOS VLSI (1991)

A switched-capacitor circuit is reported for the generation of broadband white noise in MOS VLSI. It is based on the implementation of a very simple chaotic discrete-time system. The concept is demonstrated via a 3 μm CMOS double-metal double-poly monolithic prototype yielding a 4 V peak-to-peak signal with a flat power density spectrum from DC to about half the clock frequency.
Excitatory amino acid receptors, excitotoxicity, and the human nervous system. (1993)

Glutamate receptors continued to be the subject of intense investigation during 1992. It is clear that there is great structural and functional diversity within this receptor family, although the precise subunit structure of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in specific neuronal groups within the human central nervous system remains to be determined. Molecular studies have shown the existence of five genes encoding N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits that have specific anatomic profiles and differing functional properties. The chromosomal localization of several genes encoding EAA receptor subunits has been established and some of these represent candidate genes for clinical neurologic disorders. Further insights were gained into the functions of metabotropic receptors, and three distinct genes encoding glutamate transporters were cloned. The interaction between neurotrophic factors and EAA neurotransmitters is increasingly recognized. Excitotoxicity is considered to represent a final common pathway of neuronal injury in an ever-increasing range of neurologic disorders. The development of therapeutic agents has focused on methods for reducing excitotoxicity without interfering with EAA receptor activation.
Physical activity and diabetes prevention (2005)

Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is associated with a large economic burden, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. Hyperglycemia is the hallmark clinical manifestation of diabetes and evolves through a multifactorial etiology of genetic, environmental, and behavioral enablers. Approximately 90% of diabetes cases are the non-insulin-dependent phenotype, which is characterized by a progressive deterioration in insulin-mediated glucose disposal, particularly by peripheral tissues. Our hypothesis is that the most proximal behavioral cause of insulin resistance is physical inactivity. Indeed, several streams of scientific research have demonstrated a role for physical activity in the etiology and prevention of diabetes and its related morbidity. In this review we will discuss some of the key observational and experimental studies that have examined associations among physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
An Overview of the Advantages of KEAP1-NRF2 System Activation During Inflammatory Disease Treatment (2017)

Inflammation can be defined as a protective immune response against harmful exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Nevertheless, prolonged or autoimmune inflammatory responses are likely to cause pathological states that are associated with a production of inflammation-associated molecules along with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) signaling provides a cell protection mechanism against oxidative insults when endogenous stress defense mechanisms are imbalanced. Understanding the roles of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in inflammation caused by various types of stimuli may aid in the development of new therapies. Recent Advances: There have been tremendous advances in understanding the mechanism by which the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway abrogates inflammation. In addition to the well-established ROS-dependent pathway, recent studies have provided evidence of the direct repression of the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, such as IL1b and IL6 (encoding Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6, respectively). Further, the expanding functions of NRF2 have elicited interest in the development of therapeutic modalities for inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis and sickle cell disease. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Despite progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms supporting the roles that NRF2 plays during inflammation, the relationship between NRF2 and other transcription factors and mediators of inflammation still remains ambiguous. Further studies are required to address the effects of functional polymorphisms in KEAP1 and NRF2 that modify susceptibility to specific disease-related inflammation. Comprehensive analyses in the future should explore tissue- or cell-type specific NRF2 activation to elaborate effects of NRF2 induction. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
Characteristics of SONOS-Type Flash Memory With <i>In Situ</i> Embedded Silicon Nanocrystals (2010)

In this paper, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor (SONOS) devices with embedded silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) in silicon nitride using in situ method with multilevel and 2-b/cell operation have been successfully demonstrated. The proposed in situ Si-NC deposition method exhibits the advantages of low cost, simplicity, and compatibility with modern IC processes. SONOS memories with embedded Si-NCs exhibit a significantly improved performance with a large memory window (> 5.5 V), low operating voltage (P/E voltage: V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 6 V, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = 7 V and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = -7 V, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = 10 V, respectively), greater tolerable gate and drain disturbance (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> shift <; 0.2 V), negligible second-bit effect, high P/E speed (after programming time = 10 μs with a 2-V shift of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> under V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = 6 V operation), good retention time (> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> s for 13% charge loss), and excellent endurance performance (after 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> P/E cycles with a memory window of 3 V).
Texture Defect Detection Using Support Vector Machines with Adaptive Gabor Wavelet Features (2005)

This paper aims at investigating a method for detecting defects on textured surfaces using a support vector machines (SVM) classification approach with Gabor wavelet features. Instead of using all the filters in the Gabor wavelets, an adaptive filter selection scheme is applied to reduce the computational cost on feature extraction while keeping a reasonable detection rate. One-against-all strategy is adopted to prepare the training data for a binary SVM classifier that is learnt to classify pixels as defective or non-defective. Experimental results on comparison with other multiresolution features and the learning vector quantization (LVQ) classifier demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on defect detection on textured surfaces.
Group authentication in heterogeneous RFID networks (2012)

The proliferation of RFID tags means that an RFID reader will often interact with large groups of RFID tags. However, the majority of RFID security research is still focused on securing single reader-single tag interaction, which is unlikely to be scalable to larger groups of tags. In this paper, we propose a protocol that allows a large group of tags to authenticate a reader. Our technique relies on using a more powerful RFID tag, known as a computational RFID tag (CRFID), which is included into the large group of tags. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that our new protocol is secure and efficient.