gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the transcriptionally active genes of the chorionic gonadotropin beta gene cluster in vivo. (1992)

The chorionic gonadotropin beta (CG beta) subunit is encoded by a multigene cluster composed of six homologous sequences (genes or pseudogenes). They are primarily distinguished by sequences in the 5' nontranslated region of the first exon. To determine which CG beta genes are active in vivo, we employed the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. DNA complementary to RNA from placenta tissue and a choriocarcinoma cell line was subjected to polymerase chain reaction with CG beta-specific primers. The amplified DNA was cloned into M13 and sequenced. Most of steady-state CG beta mRNAs are transcribed from CG beta genes, 5, 3, and 8. The level of expression is beta 5 greater than beta 3 = beta 8 greater than beta 7, beta 1/2. Transcripts from the CG beta 1 and CG beta 2 genes, which were previously considered pseudogenes because of their noncanonical splice site, were detected. These CG beta transcripts arising from alternative splicing sites in the CG beta 1/2 genes were also detected in polysomes which suggests they are translation-competent. Northern blotting with a CG beta 1/2 probe revealed low amounts of CG beta 1/2 transcripts which were smaller than the transcripts of the other genes. The results indicate that at least five, and possibly all six, CG beta genes are transcribed in vivo, and at least one of them (CG beta 1 and/or CG beta 2) undergoes alternative splicing.
Visual programming—toward realization of user-friendly programming environments (1987)

Programming is generally considered to be a complicated and time-consuming task even for professionals. This comes mostly from the unfriendliness of the programming environment. One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is by the utilization of visual information in programming.In this paper, we first observe some trials toward realization of user-friendly programming, and then give an outline of an iconic programming environment, HI-VISUAL, which the authors are now developing.In HI-VISUAL, objects dealt with by the system, such as data and programs are represented in terms of icons. Programming is carried out simply by arranging icons on the display. The system displays intermediate results of execution in the course of program development so that the user can proceed program development interactively. In addition to this interaction facility for programming, program development based on the top-down approach is also provided for programming in the large. Details of the program modules can be left unspecified until they become clear in the lower level of module hierarchy.Some computer displayed pictures are given for ease of understanding interactions between the user and the system.
Subunit structure and photooxidation of yeast imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubunit structure and photooxidation of yeast imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydrataseRichard D. Glaser and L. L. HoustonCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 25, 5145–5152Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00722a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Custom 3D-Printed Total Talar Prostheses Restore Normal Joint Anatomy Throughout the Hindfoot (2018)

Level IV: Case series.
Reduction of Metal Artifacts from Hip Prostheses on CT Images of the Pelvis: Value of Iterative Reconstructions (2013)

Purpose To assess the value of iterative frequency split–normalized (IFS) metal artifact reduction (MAR) for computed tomography (CT) of hip prostheses. Materials and Methods This study had institutional review board and local ethics committee approval. First, a hip phantom with steel and titanium prostheses that had inlays of water, fat, and contrast media in the pelvis was used to optimize the IFS algorithm. Second, 41 consecutive patients with hip prostheses who were undergoing CT were included. Data sets were reconstructed with filtered back projection, the IFS algorithm, and a linear interpolation MAR algorithm. Two blinded, independent readers evaluated axial, coronal, and sagittal CT reformations for overall image quality, image quality of pelvic organs, and assessment of pelvic abnormalities. CT attenuation and image noise were measured. Statistical analysis included the Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Levene test. Results Ex vivo experiments demonstrated an optimized IFS algorithm by using a threshold of 2200 HU with four iterations for both steel and titanium prostheses. Measurements of CT attenuation of the inlays were significantly (P < .001) more accurate for IFS when compared with filtered back projection. In patients, best overall and pelvic organ image quality was found in all reformations with IFS (P < .001). Pelvic abnormalities in 11 of 41 patients (27%) were diagnosed with significantly (P = .002) higher confidence on the basis of IFS images. CT attenuation of bladder (P < .001) and muscle (P = .043) was significantly less variable with IFS compared with filtered back projection and linear interpolation MAR. In comparison with that of FBP and linear interpolation MAR, noise with IFS was similar close to and far from the prosthesis (P = .295). Conclusion The IFS algorithm for CT image reconstruction significantly reduces metal artifacts from hip prostheses, improves the reliability of CT number measurements, and improves the confidence for depicting pelvic abnormalities. © RSNA, 2013
Patient‐specific quality assurance method for VMAT treatment delivery (2009)

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a system for intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment delivery that achieves high dose conformality by optimizing the dose rate, gantry speed, and the leaf positions of the dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC). The aim of this work is to present a practical approach for patient-specific volumetric reconstruction of the dose delivered of a VMAT treatment using the DMLC and treatment controller log (Dynalog) files. The accuracy of VMAT delivery was analyzed for five prostate patients. For each patient, a clinical treatment was delivered and values recorded in the log files for the gantry angle, dose rate, and leaf positions were converted to a new DICOM-compliant plan using a custom-developed software system. The plan was imported in a treatment planning system and the dose distribution was recreated on the original CT by simply recomputing the dose. Using the standard evaluation tools, it is straightforward to assess if reconstructed dose meets clinical endpoints, as well as to compare side-by-side reconstructed and original plans. The study showed that log files can be directly used for dose reconstruction without resorting to phantom measurements or setups. In all cases, analysis of the leaf positions showed a maximum error of -0.26 mm (mean of 0.15 mm). Gantry angle deviation was less than 1degree and the total MU was within 0.5 from the planned value. Differences between the reconstructed and the intended dose matrices were less than 1.46% for all cases. Measurements using the MATRIXX system in a phantom were used to validate the dosimetric accuracy of the proposed method, with an agreement of at least 96% in all pixels as measured using the gamma index. The methodology provides a volumetric evaluation of the dose reconstructed by VMAT plans which is easily achieved by automated analysis of Dynalog files without additional measurements or phantom setups. This process provides a valuable platform for adaptive therapy in the future.
Selective N1-Alkylation of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1<i>H</i>)-ones Using Mitsunobu-Type Conditions (2002)

The regioselective N1-alkylation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones via Mitsunobu reaction is reported. Using the highly reactive Mitsunobu coupling reagent combination N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylazodicarboxamide/tributylphosphine (TMAD-TBP) and a set of primary alcohols a small library of N1-alkylated dihydropyrimidones is obtained in good to excellent yields.
The cpcB-cpcA locus as a tool for the genetic characterization of the genus Arthrospira (Cyanobacteria): evidence for horizontal transfer. (2002)

To investigate the genetic diversity of the genus Arthrospira and to compare it with other cyanobacteria, sequences of 670 nt from the phycocyanin operon were determined for 23 natural, cultivated or commercial strains of Arthrospira and compared with sequences from 20 other non-Arthrospira cyanobacterial strains. The sequenced DNA fragment comprises the last 255 nt of cpcB, the cpcB-cpcA spacer and the first 304 nt of cpcA. The resulting phylogenetic tree confirms that the genus Arthrospira is not related to Spirulina. So far, cpcB-cpcA data suggest that the closest relative of Arthrospira is Planktothrix. Based on this locus, the genus Arthrospira consists of three genetically clustered lineages. However, the distribution of nucleotide substitutions indicates that these three lineages are not the result of a simple cladogenesis characterized by the accumulation of independent substitutions. Instead, the observed clustering is the result of horizontal transfers of blocks of sequences. Analysis of the distribution of substitutions in the sequenced fragment indicates a point of intragenic recombination close to the stop codon of cpcB. The capacity of exchange of genetic material among strains probably explains why morphology and geographical origin do not correlate with the cpcB-cpcA clusters. Nevertheless, this study shows for the first time that the genus Arthrospira, represented here by cultivated and wild specimens, is clearly monophyletic. Moreover, the cpcB-cpcA DNA fragment, comprising both highly and moderately variable regions, allows (1) a strict differentiation of the taxon Arthrospira from other cyanobacteria (using the coding regions only) and (2) the study of relationships inside Arthrospira (using both the coding and non-coding regions).
Antinociception and physical dependence produced by [D‐Arg<sup>2</sup>] dermorphin tetrapeptide analogues and morphine in rats (1988)

1. The antinociceptive effects of [D-Arg2] dermorphin tetrapeptide analogues, H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Gly-NH2 and H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-beta-Ala-OH when administered subcutaneously (s.c.) in rats were measured by the tail-flick test. In addition, the appearance of typical withdrawal signs upon cessation of administration or on subsequent treatment with naloxone were measured after chronic administration of either peptide or morphine. 2. The dose of peptides and of morphine in the physical dependence test was determined from the AD50 to inhibit the tail-flick test in rats. Doses from 4 to 64 times the AD50 doses were employed in the s.c. administration schedules. 3. The intensity of the antinociception induced by either peptide was greater than that produced by morphine. Moreover, the antinociception induced by the peptides was of much longer duration than that produced by morphine. 4. Abrupt withdrawal after chronic administration of either peptide produced only slight loss of body weight. In contrast, morphine withdrawal produced sharp loss of body weight. 5. Naloxone precipitated withdrawal signs after chronic administration of either peptide were less intense than those after chronic morphine. 6. These results suggest that the antinociception produced by these peptides is more intense and of longer duration than that produced by morphine. It is also interesting to note that the physical dependence produced by these peptides is less marked than that produced by morphine.
Immune‐Based Methods (2004)

On infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis , antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are elicited in the host. This chapter reviews the recent advances toward the development of diagnostic tests for clinical and latent tuberculosis (TB) based on the identification of immunodominant antigens of M. tuberculosis and characterization of both the antibody and T-cell responses mounted by the host. The local in situ environment in the lung is different at these different stages; the bacterial loads vary, being significantly higher in individuals with cavitary lesions where the opportunity to replicate extracellularly exists. In recent years, several new antigens of M. tuberculosis have been cloned and evaluated for their serodiagnostic potential. The proteins present in culture filtrates of M. tuberculosis replicating in bacteriological media have been extensively evaluated based on the presumption that the same antigens would also be expressed by the in vivo replicating bacteria. The immune dysfunction caused by progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in high rates of reactivation of latent TB, an increased incidence of progression of infection to primary TB, and an accelerated course of disease progression. Cellular immune responses elicited on infection with M. tuberculosis involve the generation of both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell subsets.
Perfect Sequences and Arrays over the Unit Quaternions (2016)

We introduce several new constructions for perfect periodic autocorrelation sequences and arrays over the unit quaternions. This paper uses both mathematical proofs and com- puter experiments to prove the (bounded) array constructions have perfect periodic auto- correlation. Furthermore, the first sequence construction generates odd-perfect sequences of unbounded lengths, with good ZCZ.
Current Status Of Ion Projection Lithography (1985)

Ion beam lithography is developed in three directions: Focused (FIBL), Masked (MIBL) and Ion Projection Lithography (IPL). IPL uses ions as information carrier in a demagnifying step-and-repeat exposure system. With an Ion Projection Lithography Machine (IPLM) a geometrical resolution < 0.25 μm can be obtained combined with a very high depth of focus:more than 100 μm. The high power densities possible with IPL permit not only pattern transfer in conventional organic resists but extend lithography to new processes using resistless ion beam modification techniques of materials. Experimental results obtained with a laboratory type Ion Projection Lithography Machine IPLM-01 are presented.
Examining the validity of Kramers-Kronig relations for the magnetic permeability (2011)

We critically analyze the anomalies in the frequency dispersion of the magnetic permeability, showing that it may be sometimes---without contradicting causality---inconsistent with the Kramers-Kronig relations for passive materials, as formulated by Landau and Lifshitz, even at extremely low frequencies where the permeability has definitely a very precise physical meaning. This suggests that in general the permeability may not satisfy the Kramers-Kronig formulas for passive materials, and an alternative set of relations to link the real and imaginary parts of the permeability in the frequency region where the permeability retains its physical meaning is proposed.
Role of the 14‐3‐3 C‐terminal loop in ligand interaction (2002)

14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved dimeric molecules that interact with a broad range of target proteins, most of which contain phosphoserine/threonine. The amphipathic groove of 14-3-3 is the main structural feature involved in mediating its associations. We have studied another domain of 14-3-3, the C-terminal loop, to determine what role it plays in ligand interaction. A truncated form of 14-3-3zeta lacking this C-terminal loop was generated and found to bind with higher affinity than the wild-type 14-3-3zeta protein to the ligands Raf-1 and Bad. Interestingly, the truncated 14-3-3zeta also showed increased association with the 14-3-3 binding-deficient Bad/S136A mutant. Taken together, these data support a role for the C-terminal loop as a general inhibitor of 14-3-3/ligand interactions. This may provide a mechanism by which inappropriate associations with 14-3-3 are prevented.
Widespread Distribution of Ability to Oxidize Manganese Among Freshwater Bacteria (1982)

Manganese-oxidizing heterotrophic bacteria were found to comprise a significant proportion of the bacterial community of Lake Washington (Seattle, Wash.) and Lake Virginia (Winter Park, Fla.). Identification of these freshwater bacteria showed that members of a variety of genera are capable of oxidizing manganese. Isolates maintained in the laboratory spontaneously lost the ability to oxidize manganese. A direct correlation was found between the presence of plasmid DNA and the ability of the organism to oxidize manganese.
Entropy of ATM traffic streams: a tool for estimating QoS parameters (1995)

For the purposes of estimating quality-of-service parameters, it is enough to know the large deviation rate-function of an ATM traffic stream; modeling procedures can be bypassed if we can estimate the rate-function directly, exploiting the analogy between the rate-function and thermodynamic entropy. We show that this proposal is soundly based on statistical sampling theory. Experiments on the Fairisle ATM network at the University of Cambridge have established that it is feasible to collect the required data in real time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Charlotte Natmeßnig. Britische Finanzinteressen in Österreich: Die Anglo-Österreichische Bank. Vienna: Böhlau, 1998. Pp. 302, tables. (2000)

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Enhancement of Corrosion Protection Effect in Polyaniline via the Formation of Polyaniline−Clay Nanocomposite Materials (2001)

A series of nanocomposite materials that consisted of emeraldine base of polyaniline and layered montmorillonite (MMT) clay were prepared by effectively dispersing the inorganic nanolayers of MMT clay in organic polyaniline matrix via in-situ polymerization. Organic aniline monomers were first intercalated into the interlayer regions of organophilic clay hosts and followed by an one-step oxidative polymerization. The as-synthesized polyaniline−clay lamellar nanocomposite materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Polyaniline−clay nanocomposites (PCN) in the form of coatings with low clay loading (e.g., 0.75 wt %) on cold-rolled steel (CRS) were found much superior in corrosion protection over those of conventional polyaniline based on a series of electrochemical measurements of corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and corrosion current in 5 wt % aqueous NaCl electrolyte. The molecular weights of polyaniline extracted from PCN materials and bulk polyaniline were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Effects of the material composition on the gas barrier property, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of polyaniline along with PCN materials, in the form of both fine powder and free-standing film, were also studied by gas permeability measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis.
The Performance of Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells (1969)

Direct ammonia‐oxygen or air cells were operated between 25° and 140°C with aqueous potassium hydroxide as electrolyte and with Teflon‐bonded electrodes containing either unsupported platinum black or platinum supported on graphite. The effect of platinum on the performance of ammonia, oxygen, and air electrodes was investigated. Power densities of 50 mw/cm2 at 0.5v (IR‐included) were achieved in ammonia‐air cells at 120°C with only 2.5 mg Pt/cm2 on each electrode.
Improved survival in women with <i>BRCA</i>‐associated ovarian carcinoma (2003)

BRCA1 heterozygotes developed EOC at a younger age compared with BRCA2 heterozygotes and women who had sporadic ovarian carcinoma. BRCA heterozygotes had a better response to platinum chemotherapy compared with women who had sporadic disease, which may have contributed to their improved prognosis.
Pervasive 3D Reconstruction to Identify Hidden 3D Survival Spaces for Search and Rescue Management (2018)

Efficient management of urban search and rescue is a very important field for our society. This is mainly due to the fact that efficient management directly affects peoples' lives. Currently, ICT tools have been investigated for an efficient operation of urban search and rescue, such as robotic technologies or pervasive sensors able to capture the current situation awareness of a collapsing event. It is clear that 3D information is an essential element in efficient managing of urban search and rescue, since it models the geometry of the collapsing scene. Additionally, 3D models are combined with structural simulators in order to identify the best parameters causing a building collapse. In this way, hidden or internal survival spaces are able to be identified by matching the captured 3D models (they represent the current, actual conditions of a collapse) with those generated by the structural simulators (they predict of how a building should be collapsed based on structural parameters). In this way, 3D survival spaces are involved, which is salient information for managing urban search and rescue operations. This paper presents the results of the European Funded project, named INACHUS, “Technological and Methodological Solutions for Integrated Wide Area Situation Awareness and Survivor Localization to Support Search and Rescue”. It mainly describes the 3D modelling framework used to capture the geometry of the collapsing scene and to identify the 3D hidden survival spaces by comparing the actual captured with the structural simulated 3D meshes. It also describes a visualization engine toolkit used= for depicting the collapsing scene in 3D domain, improving the decision making of the civil protection agencies.
Star Identification by Optical Radiation Analysis (1963)

This paper is concerned with the problem of recognizing stars by means of their optical radiation characteristics, for use in the guidance and navigation of aerospace vehicles. We conclude that there are three easily measurable independent parameters in the radiation from individual stars which permit unique recognition of the brightest stars above the earth's atmosphere. Accurate spectral data obtained from observations using three wide-bandwidth optical filters are given for the 71 brightest stars. The spectral parameters of a bright star will be compared to previous observations to identify the unknown star. However, as a result of measurement inaccuracies the star may be incorrectly classified. Thus, the average probability of misidentifying any of the brightest stars is calculated as a function of various measurement errors, assuming an "optimum" recognition procedure.