gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and detection of trihalomethanes in chicken tissue from chlorinated chill water (2010)

Some countries do not allow the use of chlorine in poultry processing because of the possible production of trihalomethanes (THM) such as chloroform that might be formed in reaction with tissue. This study was conducted in 2 parts. The first experiment established a method for detecting the presence of THM in leg quarters by using 2 methods of detection: an Association of Official Analytical Chemists method and a US Environmental Protection Agency method. The second experiment was conducted to determine if chloroform or other volatile compounds could be formed when exposed to different concentrations of chlorine during the chilling process. No THM were detected using either detection method for any sample at or above the detection limits for the method used. Minute levels of chloroform (i.e., below the reported detection limit for that method) were detected in the tissues exposed to 70 and 100 mg/L of chlorine when using the Environmental Protection Agency method for detection of volatile gases.
The use of radiofrequency in cancer (2005)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) provides an effective technique for minimally invasive tissue destruction. An alternating current delivered via a needle electrode causes localised ionic agitation and frictional heating of the tissue around the needle. Image-guided, percutaneous ablation techniques have been developed in most parts of the body, but the most widely accepted applications are for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in early cirrhosis, limited but inoperable colorectal liver metastases, inoperable renal cell carcinoma and inoperable primary or secondary lung tumours. The procedures are well tolerated and the complication rates low. Patients with coexistent morbidity who are not suitable for surgery are often able to undergo RFA. Most treatments in the lung, kidney and for HCC are performed under conscious sedation with an overnight hospital stay or as a day-case. Larger more complicated ablations, for example, in hepatic metastases may require general anaesthesia. Limitations of RFA include the volume of tissue that can be ablated in a timely fashion, that is, most centres will treat 3-5 tumours up to 4-5 cms in diameter. Early series reporting technical success and complications are available for lung and renal ablation. Liver ablation is better established and 5-year survival figures are available from several centres. In patients with limited but inoperable colorectal metastases, the 5-year survival ranges from 26 to 30% and for HCC it is just under 50%. In summary, RFA provides the opportunity for localised tissue destruction of limited volumes of tumour; it can be offered to nonsurgical candidates and used in conjunction with systemic therapy.
Outlier Sample Analysis on Near Infrared Spectroscopy Determination for Flour Ash (2013)

The flour ash was determined by near infrared (NIR) apparatus. Mahalanobis distance method and Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV) method for abnormal samples removed and using partial least squares (PLS) modeling, Eventually, Mahalanobis distance method for abnormal samples removed, when the weight factor of 1.5, excluding the number of samples is 3 to get the best results, the correlation coefficient (R2) is 92.67, cross validation mean square error (RMSECV) is 0.0485, MCCV method for abnormal samples removed, excluding the number of samples 3 to get the best results, R2 is 94.64, RMSECV is 0.0411. Mahalanobis distance method and MCCV method for abnormal samples removed have improved the accuracy of the model, and MCCV method for flour ash model is more stable and more to improve the accuracy.
BioPortal: Ontologies and Integrated Data Resources at the Click of a Mouse (2009)

Abstract BioPortal ("http://bioportal.bioontology.org":http://bioportal.bioontology.org) is an open repository of biomedical ontologies that provides programmatic and web-based access to ontologies developed in OBO, OWL, Protégé frames, and RDF. Features include browsing, searching, and visualization of ontologies. Searching of integrated data resources is also possible through ontology-based indexing of biomedical resources with BioPortal ontologies.
Degradation kinetics of rebaudioside <scp>A</scp> in various buffer solutions (2013)

Summary Rebaudioside A is a noncaloric high‐intensity sweetener extracted from S tevia rebaudiana . For it to be used in foods, rebaudioside A needs to be stable during processing and storage. This study evaluated the kinetics of rebaudioside A degradation in 0.02 and 0.1 m citrate and phosphate buffer solutions at pH 3, 5 and 7 stored at 20, 30 and 40 °C for 9 months. At pH 3 and temperatures less than 30 °C, degradation was slow (i.e. less than 6% loss in 6 months) and not affected by buffer type or buffer concentration. At pH 7, the degradation of rebaudioside A increased dramatically in phosphate buffer (losses of up to 25% in 6 months at 30 °C), while remaining relatively slow in citrate buffer (less than 5% loss). The degradation rates at pH 7 increased 2.6 times as the concentration of phosphate buffer increased. For optimum stability of beverages containing rebaudioside A , formulations with lower concentrations of citrate buffer stored at lower temperatures are recommended.
On the ESD self-protection capability of integrated UHV resistor (2016)

ESD characteristics of the UHV resistors (UHVRs) has been studied. The UHVR under study suffers from a low ESD level. The failure analysis has been done with the aid of TLP measurements and simple equivalent circuit simulations. From the analysis, a transient large voltage difference on the field oxide due to the RC delay by the large resistance and the parasitic capacitances of UHVR has been found to be the cause of the low ESD level. Finally, it has been shown that the reduction of RC delay by the decrease of the parasitic capacitances, which was possible through a simple layout modification, can improve the ESD performance of the UHVR.
Quadratic power conversion for industrial applications (2010)

Quadratic converters have the voltage conversion ratios of two combined cascaded converters, but with fewer switches. They are not widely used, however, because they are generally less efficient than other types of converters, but there are applications where they can be useful. In the paper, the characteristics of quadratic converters are explained and several examples of where they can be used in industrial applications are given.
Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with spinal cord trauma (1981)

The frequency and degree of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding were examined in 131 patients with spinal cord injuries. All patients were randomly assigned to either high- or low-dose steroid regimens and some form of GI prophylaxis. The latter consisted of antacids alone or antacids supplemented with cimetidine when this medication became available. Segments of the population were treated with mini-dose or full-dose heparin. The incidence and degree of GI bleeding did not appear to be affected by steroid dose level, regimen of prophylaxis, or mini-dose heparin. Only full heparinization was found to significantly increase bleeding. These results place in question the benefits of adding cimetidine to antacids as a prophylactic atreatment in patients with no history of ulcer.
Active tremor control of human motion disorder (2001)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in activation‐induced apoptosis of T cells (1999)

A member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), has been implicated in regulating apoptosis in various cell types. We have investigated the requirement for another type of MAP kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T cells. AICD is the process by which recently activated T cells undergo apoptosis when restimulated through the T-cell antigen receptor. Here we show that both JNK and ERK are activated rapidly upon T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation prior to the onset of AICD. A chemical inhibitor of ERK activation, PD 098059, inhibits ERK activation and apoptosis, while JNK activation is not inhibited. This suggests that JNK activation is not sufficient for apoptosis. TCR cross-linking induces expression of the apoptosis-inducing factor, Fas ligand (FasL), and its expression correlates with ERK activation. In addition, apoptosis induced by direct ligation of the Fas receptor by anti-Fas antibody is not associated with ERK activation and is not inhibited by PD 098059. These data suggest that ERK activation is an early event during T-cell apoptosis induced by antigen-receptor ligation, and is not involved in apoptosis per se but in the expression of FasL. MAP kinase family members may be similarly involved in inducing apoptosis signals in other cell types.
The grafting and release behavior of doxorubincin from Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub><i>@</i>SiO<sub>2</sub>core–shell structure nanoparticles via an acid cleaving amide bond: the potential for magnetic targeting drug delivery (2008)

Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) core-shell structure nanoparticles were first prepared and characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS and XRD. Subsequently the widely used anticancer agent doxorubincin (DOX) was successfully grafted to the surface of the core-shell nanoparticles via an amide bond with the aid of a spacer arm we synthesized. The spacer arm met two needs: one end can couple to the core-shell nanoparticles' surface while the other end was the active -COOH group, which can react with the -NH(2) group of DOX molecules. The synthesized spacer arm and the conjugation of the drug with nanoparticles through amidation were confirmed by FTIR. The DOX-loading efficiency determined by UV-vis spectrometer was 86.5%. Drug release experiments displayed a pH-dependent behavior that DOX was cleaved from the nanoparticles easily under low pH conditions in the presence of protease and that most of the conjugated doxorubincin were released within the first 12 h. The prepared DOX-grafted Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) core-shell structure nanoparticles showed a superparamagnetic property with a saturation magnetization value of 49.3 emu g(-1), indicating a great potential application in the treatment of cancer using magnetic targeting drug-delivery technology.
Structural properties of Ga2O3(Gd2O3)–GaAs interfaces (1998)

Ga 2 O 3 (Gd 2 O 3 )–GaAs heterostructures in situ fabricated using a multichamber ultrahigh vacuum (molecular beam epitaxy) system were studied by x-ray reflectivity measurement and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The oxide–GaAs interfaces were found to be very smooth with the roughness no more than 1 nm. Moreover, an interfacial roughness as small as one atomic layer of GaAs (0.33 nm) was observed using x-ray reflectivity.
Robust prostate cancer marker genes emerge from direct integration of inter-study microarray data (2005)

leixu@jhu.edu.
PCR-Induced Transitions Are the Major Source of Error in Cleaned Ultra-Deep Pyrosequencing Data (2013)

A majority of the sequencing errors that remained after data cleaning were introduced by PCR prior to sequencing, which means that they will be independent of platform used for next-generation sequencing. The transition vs. transversion error bias in cleaned UDPS data will influence the detection limits of rare mutations and sequence variants.
Surface Forces and Their Action in Ceramic Materials (1990)

A descriptive account is given of the surface forces acting between two solids. Different contributions to the force are outlined, with particular attention paid to the underlying mechanisms, and how they are affected by the nature of the medium between the surfaces. This is followed by a discussion of the areas of ceramic science and engineering in which surface forces play a role.
Rhythms in Glutamine Synthetase Activity, Energy Charge, and Glutamine in Sunflower Roots (1982)

Roots of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L. var. Mammoth Russian) subjected to L12:D12, L18:D6, and L12:D12 followed by continuous light all display rhythms of about 12 hours for glutamine synthetase (GS) activity (transferase reaction) with one peak in the ;light phase' and one in the ;dark phase.' Root energy charge (EC = ATP+(1/2)ADP/ATP+ADP+AMP) is directly correlated with GS, but the GS rhythm is better explained as the result of a rhythmic adenine nucleotide ratio (ATP/ADP+AMP) that regulates enzyme activity through allosteric modification. When L12:D12 plants are subjected to free-running conditions in continuous darkness, only diurnal rhythms for GS and EC, with peaks in the dark phase, remain. The 12-hour root rhythms for GS and EC appear to be composed of two alternating rhythms, one a diurnal, light-dependent, incompletely circadian light phase rhythm and the other a light-independent, circadian dark phase rhythm.Only glutamine, of the root amino acids, displays cyclical changes in concentration, maintaining under all conditions a 12-hour rhythm that is consistently synchronized with, but nearly always inversely correlated with, GS and EC rhythms.
Caffeine as an Analgesic Adjuvant (1991)

Despite its frequent clinical use in analgesic agents, caffeine has not been accepted unequivocally as an analgesic adjuvant. To evaluate this activity of caffeine, we used new study methods in a randomized controlled trial on patients with acute sore throat due to tonsillopharyngitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of one of three treatments: 800 mg of aspirin with 64 mg of caffeine (n = 70), 800 mg of aspirin (n = 68), or placebo (n = 69). Under double-blind conditions, during a 2-hour evaluation period, patients used different rating scales to assess pain intensity, change in pain, relief, and two qualities of throat pain, how swollen the throat felt, and difficulty swallowing. Aspirin with caffeine and aspirin alone were significantly more effective than placebo for all efficacy measurements from 30 minutes through 2 hours and overall. The aspirin-caffeine combination also showed evidence of activity at 15 minutes on the relief scale. Aspirin with caffeine was more effective than aspirin alone after 30 minutes and over the entire study period. For patients with fever, both active treatments were equally effective antipyretic agents. We conclude, therefore, that 800 mg of aspirin, given alone or with 64 mg of caffeine, is an effective analgesic and antipyretic agent. Because the aspirin-caffeine combination is significantly more effective than aspirin alone as an analgesic, we also conclude that 64 mg of caffeine is an analgesic adjuvant.
Distributed programming with shared data (2003)

Operating system primitives (e.g. problem-oriented shared memory, shared virtual memory, the Agora shared memory) and languages (e.g. Concurrent Prolog, Linda, Emerald) for programming distributed systems have been proposed that support the shared-variable paradigm without the presence of physical shared memory. The authors look at the reasons for this evolution, the resemblances and differences among these proposals, and the key issues in their design and implementation. Many implementations are based on replication of data. The authors take this idea one step further, and discuss how automatic replication (initiated by the run-time system) can be used as a basis for a model, called the shared data-object model, whose semantics are similar to the shared variable model. They also discuss the design of a language for distributed programming, Orca, which is based on the shared-data-object model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MobiSense &#x2014; mobile network services for coordinated participatory sensing (2009)

Cellular and Wi-Fi networks now form a global substrate that provides billions of mobile phone users with consistent, location-aware communication and multimedia data access. On this substrate is emerging a new class of mobile phone applications that use the phones location, image and acoustic sensors, and enable people to choose what to sense and when to share data about themselves and their surroundings. Peoples' natural movement through and among living, work, and ldquothirdrdquo spaces, provides spatial and temporal coverage for these modalities, the character of which is impossible to achieve through embedded instrumentation alone. This paper proposes a network service architecture for participatory sensing, describing challenges in (1) network coordination services enabling applications to efficiently select, incentivize and task mobile users based on measures of coverage, capabilities and interests; (2) attestation mechanisms to enable data consumers to assign trust to the data they access; and (3) participatory privacy regulation mechanisms used by data contributors to control what data they share.
Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Rice in China: From Research to Commercialization (2010)

From the first insect-resistant genetically modified (IRGM) rice transformation in 1989 in China to October 2009 when the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture issued biosafety certificates for commercial production of two cry1Ab/Ac Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) lines, China made a great leap forward from IRGM rice basic research to potential commercialization of the world's first IRGM rice. Research has been conducted on developing IRGM rice, assessing its environmental and food safety impacts, and evaluating its socioeconomic consequences. Laboratory and field tests have confirmed that these two Bt rice lines can provide effective and economic control of the lepidopteran complex on rice with less risk to the environment than present practices. Commercializing these Bt plants, while developing other GM plants that address the broader complex of insects and other pests, will need to be done within a comprehensive integrated pest management program to ensure the food security of China and the world.
Advances in Technology (1986)

Advances in technology are listed by a number of commentators as the primary reason for the rapid change in the securities industry over the past few years. The speed of communication, the substitution of the electronic entry for the piece of paper, the ability to search files and make calculations at astonishing speeds have all led to more efficient use of manpower and to a far greater internationalisation. It is tempting to take the great leap forward and look to the totally electronic office of the future, without too much regard for the timescale of such an event or of the problems which have to be solved on the way. In this chapter I would prefer to look at the steps which must be taken to ensure that the 'Big Bang' explodes with minimal damage to the market and its participants, and to leave the crystal gazing about the long term future to the final chapter of this book.KeywordsStock ExchangeSecurity IndustryAccount HolderBack OfficeElectronic Fund TransferThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Regulatory approval for autologous human cells and tissue products in the United States, the European Union, and Japan (2014)

Human cells and tissue products belong to a relatively new class of medical products. Therefore, limited information is available on the classification and premarket evaluation of human cells and tissue products in the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and Japan. In this study, the definition, legislation, and approval system of these products were surveyed. A total of nine autologous human cells and tissue products approved until October 2013 were collected. The definitions of human cells and tissue products were compatible among the US, the EU and Japan. The products were classified as human cells, tissue, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps) in the US, advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) in the EU, and cell/tissue-engineered products in Japan. These products were categorized as biologics and medical device in the US and Japan, and drug in the EU. The issuance of new guidance induced regulatory impact for manufacturer, especially in the US. These products are subjected to the accelerated approval of biological product, the humanitarian device exemption approval, the premarket application approval, the biologics license application approval, and new drug application approval with specific targeting of postapproval registry or surveillance. Of nine autologous human cells and tissue products, four products had been evaluated using clinical experiences or open clinical trials with small subjects, although the rests of products had been evaluated using comparative clinical trials with control treatment. Our survey suggests that autologous human cells and tissue products would need postmarket-oriented evaluation rather than premarket-oriented evaluation for doctors and patients.
Do patients benefit from participating in medical decision making? Longitudinal follow-up of women with breast cancer (2005)

This study sought to examine the relationships between decisional role (preferred and assumed) at time of surgical treatment (baseline), congruence between assumed role at baseline and preferred role 3 years later (follow-up), and quality of life at follow-up. Two hundred and five women diagnosed with breast cancer completed the decisional role preference scale at baseline and follow-up, and the EORTC QLQ-C30 at follow-up. A statistically significant number of women had decisional role regret, with most of these women preferring greater involvement in treatment planning than was afforded them. Women who indicated at baseline that they were actively involved in choosing their surgical treatment had significantly higher overall quality of life at follow-up than women who indicated passive involvement. These actively involved women had significantly higher physical and social functioning and significantly less fatigue than women who assumed a passive role. Quality of life was significantly related to reports of experienced involvement in treatment decision making, but not to reports of preferred involvement, or congruence between preferred and experienced involvement.
DeblurGAN: Blind Motion Deblurring Using Conditional Adversarial Networks (2018)

We present DeblurGAN, an end-to-end learned method for motion deblurring. The learning is based on a conditional GAN and the content loss. DeblurGAN achieves state-of-the art performance both in the structural similarity measure and visual appearance. The quality of the deblurring model is also evaluated in a novel way on a real-world problem - object detection on (de-)blurred images. The method is 5 times faster than the closest competitor - Deep-Deblur [25]. We also introduce a novel method for generating synthetic motion blurred images from sharp ones, allowing realistic dataset augmentation. The model, code and the dataset are available at https://github.com/KupynOrest/DeblurGAN.
Effects of acute systemic administration of cannabidiol on sleep-wake cycle in rats (2013)

The systemic acute administration of CBD appears to increase total sleep time, in addition to increasing sleep latency in the light period of the day of administration.
ChemInform Abstract: Yellow‐Organe‐Emitting CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor: Structure, Photoluminescence, and Application in White LEDs. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.