gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Analyte Concentration in the Single Molecule Regime Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Single molecule (SM) detection represents the ultimate limit of chemical detection. Over the years, many experimental techniques have emerged with this capacity. Yet, SM detection and imaging methods produce large spectral data sets that benefit from chemometric methods. In particular, surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS), with extensive applications in biosensing, is demonstrated to be particularly promising because Raman active molecules can be identified without recognition elements and is capable of SM detection. Yet quantification at ultralow analyte concentrations requiring detection of SM events remains an ongoing challenge, with the few existing methods requiring carefully developed calibration curves that must be redeveloped for each analyte molecule. In this work, we demonstrate that a convolutional neural network (CNN) model when applied to bundles of SERS spectra yields a robust, facile method for concentration quantification down to 10 fM using SM detection events. We further demonstrate that transfer learning, the process of reusing the weights of a trained CNN model, greatly reduces the amount of data required to train CNN models on new analyte molecules. These results point the way for unambiguous analysis of large spectral data sets and the use of SERS in important ultra low concentration chemical detection applications such as metabolomic profiling, water quality evaluation, and fundamental research.
Workflow technology (1995)

The relationship is examined between Business Process Reengineering (BPR), a significant new management trend across all industries, and Workflow Technology a new and rapidly expanding sector of the software market. Since Workflow is a market driven technology, in order to make a meaningful analysis, we start by presenting the current state of the art in workflow technology, as uncovered by our work within the Workflow Management Coalition. Some aspects of workflow are found to be well suited to support BPR, as long as the process being supported meets one of three criteria. Yet other aspects result in serious drawbacks that limit the benefit gained. Some conclusions are made about how workflow technology will have to evolve in order to more fully support the needs of BPR.
Microbiology of Ensiling (2003)

In many parts of the world, conserved forage is an essential component of ruminant diets during those intervals when fresh crops are unavailable. A. J. G. Barnett subdivided the process of ensiling into four principal phases of different length and intensity, which cannot be separated precisely from each other. When silage is used as a feed source on a farm, several events take place that have relevance to the number of clostridial spores in silage and milk. During mowing and harvesting of a silage crop, contamination of the crop by soil particles, which contain clostridial spores, is unavoidable. The microbial population of standing or freshly harvested forage crops is considerably different from that found during the process of silage fermentation or in the final product. Most inoculants consist exclusively of homofermentative or facultatively heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria because these are the most efficient producers of lactic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of Liquid Phase Organic Reactions Using Chemically Modified Mesoporous Inorganic Solids (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glycogen in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: molecular characterization of an operon encoding enzymes involved in glycogen biosynthesis and degradation (1994)

Although it has never been reported that Bacillus subtilis is capable of accumulating glycogen, we have isolated a region from the chromosome of B. subtilis containing a glycogen operon. The operon is located directly downstream from trnB, which maps at 275 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome. It encodes five polypeptides with extensive similarity to enzymes involved in glycogen and starch metabolism in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The operon is presumably expressed by an E sigma E-controlled promoter, which was previously identified downstream from trnB. We have observed glycogen biosynthesis in B. subtilis exclusively on media containing carbon sources that allow efficient sporulation. Sporulation-independent synthesis of glycogen occurred after integration of an E sigma A controlled promoter upstream of the operon.
The Effects of bead overlap on chromatographic performance in 3D printed packed bed columns (2014)

The column preparation process has traditionally involved 'jam-packing' columns to the maximum packing density that is possible with slurry packing.A mathematical limit of packing density = 2 , or = 0.636 random close packing (RCP), is generally considered to be the upper limit both in terms of packing density and performance in packed bed chromatography.The particle shape, size and orientation are a by-product of the physico-chemical properties of the stationary phase as well as the slurry packing procedure [1,2].Because no two randomly packed confi gurations are identical, predictions of column performance have relied on empirical models, rather than an a-priori consideration of the exact packed bed geometries.
The development of an operational satellite Internet service provision (2002)

The development of a low cost operational satellite Internet service provision (SISP) is presented, which delivers the full functionality of the Internet to clients, who due to their geographical location may only have access to a slow public telephone network. Return packets are broadcast on a satellite TV channel, at data rates of up to 2 Mbps. The clients receive hardware consists of a standard satellite TV receiver (analogue FM or digital MPEG-2) and a special SatLink card which plugs directly into the clients personal computer. Satellite trials have been successfully completed and the system is expected to operate commercially with effect from mid 1997.
Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Failing Human Heart (1998)

Permissions: Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Circulation can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about this process is available in the Permissions and Rights Question and Answer document. Reprints: Information about reprints can be found online at:
A Calculation Model for the Serviceable Evaluation of User Online Comment (2015)

Nowadays, users' online comments have become the most important access to information. Thus it becomes more and more necessary for us to judge and identify those helpful online comments. With analysis on the value of online comment, the clustering degree of online comment, the nature of online comment and the credibility of online commentator, this article studies the main influence factors of the serviceable evaluation of user online comment and creates a serviceability assessment mechanism of user online comment. After proposing a simple four-variable linear equation as the serviceable evaluation calculation model, this article uses multiple linear regression to validate the model, and successfully obtains the relative parameters with a specified sample.
The Impacts on Management of Electromagnetic Compatibility (1964)

Science, the world over, is randomly pushing the frontiers of electromagnetic incompatibility into all disciplines with no known attempt being made to coordinate this work or evaluate what is happening. The result is an extending rash of technical side-effects, many entirely unexpected, in an increasing number of disciplines and environments. These are beginning to plague both originators and users and to present serious problems to management. With new sources of electromagnetic and electrostatic energy now often exceeding both natural and man-made thresholds, these technical side-effects are beginning to show up as mutations in biological fields, changes in chemical solutions, and metallurgy reacting to environments not in the textbooks. The military is already studying these technical side-effects which it calls radiation hazards, or RAD HAZ. But there are also nontechnical side-effects beginning to show up in the three "Ls," Legal, Labor and Legislative, which are of more concern to management than to technical personnel. It is these three which are to be discussed in this paper.
Research on computer network security based on pattern recognition (2004)

The major reason for unsatisfied security is that the current network techniques are mainly based on the trade-off among security, convenience and performance. Namely it is impossible to reach the perfection. The latest advances on modern biology immune evolution theory reveal that the key of consummate nature immune mechanism is pathogens recognition based pattern. The basic benefit of pattern recognition to immune system is: what is called 'pattern' is just 'sort', The comparison and recognition based on a sort is certainly more efficient and less wasting than that based on the members of a sort. As all known, the computer network security system is very similar in functionality to the nature immune system. This article tries to apply the pattern recognition mechanism to the computer network security. the applications of multivariate statistical analysis and genetic algorithm in the implement algorithm of security system are mainly discussed in the article.
A novel Via Hole P.H.S. structure in K-band power GaAs FET (1981)

A novel Via Hole P.H.S. structure with an improved gate width to active area ratio (Wg/Sa) is developed for K-Band power GaAs FETs. The (Wg/Sa) ratio in this structure is increased to four times greater than that in the conventional Via Hole structure reported so far. The resultant 2.4 mm gate width devices with 0.7 µm gate length and 13 °C/W thermal resistance delivered 30 dBm output power with 4 dB gain and 17.2 % power added efficiency at 20 GHz, and 29 dBm output power, 3 2 dB gain, and 11.7 % power added efficiency at 23 GHz.
Rule-Based Facial Makeup Recommendation System (2017)

Facial makeup style plays a key role in the facial appearance making it more beautiful and attractive. Choosing the best makeup style for a certain face to fit a certain occasion is a full art. Also, foretelling how the face will look like after applying the proposed makeup style requires a high imagination. To solve this problem computationally, an automatic and smart facial makeup recommendation and synthesis system is proposed in this paper. This system starts by classifying the makeup related facial traits that makeup artists consider to decide the makeup style; Then, a rule-based makeup recommendation system is built by creating a knowledge base that models the relation between the facial style attributes and makeup style attributes, taking into account the occasion such as daily makeup or heavy makeup and the desired trend with semantic text explaining logic behind the recommended style. Finally, an automatic facial makeup synthesis system is developed to apply the recommended style on the facial image as well. To this end, a new dataset with 961 different females photos collected and labeled. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an extensive experimental analysis is conducted on the automatic facial attributes classification, the recommendation efficiency and the synthesis accuracy under different conditions. The obtained results show the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed fully automatic framework.
Oxidative Stress Causes Ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductase Solubilization from the Thylakoid Membranes in Methyl Viologen-Treated Plants (1997)

The flavoenzyme ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) is a member of the cellular defense barrier against oxidative damage in Escherichia coli. We evaluated the responses of chloroplast FNR to methyl viologen, a superoxide radical propagator, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants and chloroplasts. Treatments with the herbicide showed little effect on the levels of FNR protein or transcripts, indicating that expression of this reductase is not upregulated by oxidants in plants. Viologens and peroxides caused solubilization of active FNR from the thylakoids into the stroma, converting the enzyme from a membrane-bound NADPH producer to a soluble NADPH consumer. This response appeared specific for FNR, since other thylakoid proteins were unaffected by the treatments. The reductase-binding protein was released together with FNR, suggesting that it might be the target of oxidative modification. Stromal accumulation of a functional NADPH reductase in response to oxidative stress is formally analogous to the induction of FNR synthesis observed in E. coli under similar conditions. FNR solubilization may be playing a crucial role in maintaining the NADPH/NADP+ homeostasis of the stressed plastid. The unchecked accumulation of NADPH might otherwise increase the risks of oxidative damage through a rise in the Mehler reaction rates and/or the production of hydroxyl radicals.
Rapid communication: a TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene in DNA from purebred Japanese black cattle (1993)

Journal Article Rapid communication: a TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene in DNA from purebred Japanese black cattle Get access John J. Wilson, John J. Wilson *Texas A&M University and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station 77843-2471†Kyoto University Livestock Farm, Kyoto University, Tanba-cho, Kyoto 629-04, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Meiji Zembayashi, Meiji Zembayashi *Texas A&M University and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station 77843-2471†Kyoto University Livestock Farm, Kyoto University, Tanba-cho, Kyoto 629-04, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David K. Lunt, David K. Lunt *Texas A&M University and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station 77843-2471†Kyoto University Livestock Farm, Kyoto University, Tanba-cho, Kyoto 629-04, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen B. Smith Stephen B. Smith *Texas A&M University and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station 77843-2471†Kyoto University Livestock Farm, Kyoto University, Tanba-cho, Kyoto 629-04, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 71, Issue 9, September 1993, Page 2575, https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7192575x Published: 01 September 1993 Article history Received: 04 June 1993 Accepted: 01 July 1993 Published: 01 September 1993
Degradation mechanism and mechanical properties of PVC in PVC‐PE melt blends: Effects of molecular architecture, content, and MFI of PE (2006)

Abstract Thermal degradation mechanism and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in PVC–polyethylene (PE) mixtures with varying types, contents, and melt flow indexes of the PE were studied. The degradation behavior was investigated in terms of decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature, polyene index, and morphology of the PVC in the mix. The results suggested that adding small amounts of PE (5 phr) in PVC‐PE mixtures could thermally stabilize the PVC, as noted by an increase in its decomposition temperature. At higher PE loading, the PVC encountered more degradation as a result of a consumption of the heat stabilizer by PE radicals and the dehydrochlorination reaction. A radical transfer reaction was proposed to explain the degradation mechanism of the PVC in the PVC‐PE melt, specifically a progressive increase of the glass transition temperature of the PVC in the mix as a result of increasing PE content. The PVC‐PE blend using HDPE with high MFI exhibited more pronounced thermal and structural changes of PVC. The mechanical properties of the PVC‐PE blend were very much dependent on the PE content, but slightly affected by the type and MFI value of the PE. The dispersion level of the PE in the PVC phase was found to play an important role in affecting the mechanical properties of the PVC‐PE mixtures. J. VINYL. ADDIT. TECHNOL. 12:115–123, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Transmission-Line Properties of a Strip Line Between Parallel Planes (1978)

The subject is a strip line sandwiched in dielectric between parallel planes (commonfy termed "stripline"). In the manner of the author's earlier papers relating to a different type (1964, 1965, 1977), all the significant properties are formulated in explicit form for practical applications. This may mean synthesis and/or analysis. Each formula is a close approximation for all shape ratios, obtained by a gradual transition between theoretical forms for the extremes of narrow and wide strips. The effect of thickness is formulated to a second-order approximation. Then the result is subjected to numerical differentiation for simple evaluation of the magnetic-loss power factor from the skin depth. The familiar derivation for a thin strip (in terms of elliptic integrals K'/K) is obtained by a simple algorithm of binary stepping with no reliance on tables. This is susceptible of any degree of approximation in closed form and is reversible for synthesis or analysis. It is used to verify a simple empirical formula which is more convenient for differentiation. In the transition region between the extremes of narrow and wide strips, the effect of thickness is computed by conformal mapping and numerical integration (in place of elliptic integrals). From this reference, a simple empirical formula is verified. Graphs are given for practical purposes, showing the wave resistance and magnetic loss for a wide range of shape and dielectric. For numerical reading, the formulas are suited for programming on a small digital calculator.
Graph and network algorithms (1996)

article Free Access Share on Graph and network algorithms Authors: Samir Khuller Department of Computer Science and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland Department of Computer Science and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of MarylandView Profile , Balaji Raghavachari Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, Dallas Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, DallasView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 28Issue 1pp 43–45https://doi.org/10.1145/234313.234334Published:01 March 1996Publication History 12citation1,712DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads1,712Last 12 Months162Last 6 weeks23 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Assessment of antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by a direct contact test (1996)

It is recognized that endodontic success depends on bacterial elimination from the root and root canal system. Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers can improve the success rate of endodontic treatment, provided the physical properties are not compromised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of two endodontic sealers (AH26 and Endoflas) using a direct contact test (DCT) which was designed for this purpose. The DCT is based on measuring the effect of close contact between test bacteria and the tested material on the kinetics of bacterial outgrowth using a temperature controlled microplate spectrophotometer (THERMOmax). For comparison, the agar diffusion test (ADT) was performed for both materials. The results of the DCT showed that Endoflas was a significantly more potent bacterial growth inhibitor than AH26, whereas when assessed with the ADT, AH26 was capable of producing a larger inhibition zone than Endoflas. The DCT, by being quantitative and virtually independent of solubility and diffusion, was found more suitable to assay solid surfaces. The results demonstrated the added value of DCT in the study of the antimicrobial properties of endodontic sealers.
Revision of Terhardt's Psychoacoustical Model of the Root(s) of a Musical Chord (1988)

The predictions of Terhardt's octave-generalized model of the root of a musical chord occasionally disagree with music theory (notably, in the case of the minor triad). The model is improved by assigning appropriate weights to the intervals used in the model's "subharmonic matching" routine. These intervals, called "root-supports," include the P8 (unison), P5, M3, m7, M9 (M2), and m3. The new model calculates the salience of each pitch class (C, C#/Db..B) as an absolute value. The most likely candidate for the root of a chord corresponds to the most salient pitch class in all cases where the root is unambiguously defined in music theory. The model also calculates a "root ambiguity" value for each chord, a measure of its dissonance. Effects of voicing (inversion, spacing, and doubling) and context on the root are considered.
Whole‐brain 3D perfusion MRI at 3.0 T using CASL with a separate labeling coil (2004)

A variety of continuous and pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI techniques have been demonstrated in recent years. One of the reasons these methods are still not routinely used is the limited extent of the imaging region. Of the ASL methods proposed to date, continuous ASL (CASL) with a separate labeling coil is particularly attractive for whole-brain studies at high fields. This approach can provide an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in perfusion images because there are no magnetization transfer (MT) effects, and lessen concerns regarding RF power deposition at high field because it uses a local labeling coil. In this work, we demonstrate CASL whole-brain quantitative perfusion imaging at 3.0 T using a combination of strategies: 3D volume acquisition, background tissue signal suppression, and a separate labeling coil. The results show that this approach can be used to acquire perfusion images in all brain regions with good sensitivity. Further, it is shown that the method can be performed safely on humans without exceeding the current RF power deposition limits. The current method can be extended to higher fields, and further improved by the use of multiple receiver coils and parallel imaging techniques to reduce scan time or provide increased resolution.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Oxygenative Bimolecular Friedel–Crafts‐type Coupling of Ynamides (2017)

A non-metal approach for accessing α-oxo carbene surrogates for a C-C bond-forming bimolecular coupling between ynamides and nucleophilic arenes was developed. This acid-catalyzed coupling features mild temperature, which is critical for the required temporal chemoselectivity among nucleophiles. The scope of nucleophiles includes indoles, pyrroles, anilines, phenols and silyl enolethers. Furthermore, a direct test of S<sub>N</sub> 2' mechanism has been provided by employing chiral N,N'-dioxides which also enlightens the nature of the intermediates in related metal-catalyzed processes.