gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE COMBINATION OF LASER SCANNING AND STRUCTURE FROM MOTION TECHNOLOGY FOR CREATION OF ACCURATE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR ORTHOPHOTOS OF ST. NICHOLAS BAROQUE CHURCH (2013)

Abstract. Terrestrial laser scanning technology is used for creation of building documentation and 3D building model from its emerging at the turn of the millennium. Photogrammetry has even longer tradition in this field. Both technologies have some technical limitations if they are used for creation of a façade or even an interior orthophoto, but combination of both technologies seems profitable. Laser scanning can be used for creation of an accurate 3D model and photogrammetry for consequent application of high quality colour information. Both technologies were used in synergy to create the building plans, 2D drawing documentation of facades and interior views and the orthophotos of St. Nicholas Baroque church in Prague. The case study is described in details in the paper.
Strain‐ and age‐dependent loss of sarcoglycan complex in cardiomyopathic hamster hearts and its re‐expression by δ‐sarcoglycan gene transfer in vivo (1999)

The delta-sarcoglycan (SG) gene is deleted in hamsters with hereditary cardiomyopathies. Immunological analyses of heart before, but not after, the progression of cardiomyopathy (CM) revealed that the BIO 14.6 strain, a model of hypertrophic CM, heterogeneously preserved alpha- and gamma-SG with loss of beta- and delta-SG. In contrast, the TO-2 strain, a model of dilated CM, did not show either SG. Furthermore, in vivo transfer of the full length delta-SG gene to TO-2 hearts expressed all four SGs. Thus, this age- and strain-dependent features suggest a more feasible setting for TO-2 than BIO 14.6 to verify both CM progression and the efficacy of gene therapy.
Stilbenes with tyrosinase inhibitory activity (2008)

Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is a multicopper monooxygenase enzyme with wide distribution. In mammals, it is responsible for pigmentation of skin, eyes and hair. The enzyme is involved in the undesired browning of bruised or cut fruits and vegetables. In insects, tyrosinase is one of the key enzymes in the molting process. Investigation of inhibitors of this enzyme may lead to development of novel skin whitening agents, anti-browning substances or insect control compounds. A number of naturally occurring stilbenes have been shown to possess strong tyrosinase inhibitory potential. Results from the studies on several natural and synthetic analogues have indicated that the number of free OH groups and their positions on the aromatic rings are important for the activity. This review gives a brief overview of the enzyme and describes tyrosinase-inhibiting stilbenoids regarding their botanical origin, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action and practical applications.
Functional Conjugated Polymers for Molecular Electrochemical and Electronic Devices (1993)

Abstract The basic structural electronic and steric parameters involved in the substitution of conjugated poly(thiophenes) have been analyzed. These analyses led to the concept of functionalization space which allows the design of extensively conjugated and highly conducting functional polymers capable to exhibit specific interactions with their chemical environment.
Improved Load Alleviation Capability for the KC-135 (1997)

Abstract : The Air Force will greatly increase its use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the next century and the latter part of this decade. These UAVs will require refueling like their manned counterparts. The KC-135 and the KC-10 are candidates to provide this refueling task. The KC-10 is equipped with an automatic load alleviation system on its refueling boom which minimizes radial loads at the receiver of the aircraft being refueled. The KC-135 does not have such a system on its boom. Because the boom operator relies on visual cues to tell him when the boom is bending to adjust the boom's ruddevators, large loads may be imparted to receiver aircraft at the fuel receiver port. While load alleviation is required for all aircraft in order to ensure that binding of the nozzle does not prevent disconnect, load alleviation may also be important for the lightweight UAV in order to prevent unwanted disturbance to its flight control system. A Controller was designed to control the longitudinal motion of the boom. This controller can control the angle of the boom so no forces are imparted to the nozzle as the tanker moves from its nominal orientation. The optimal controller design uses both feed forward and rate feedback to modulate the commanded torque signal sent to the ruddevators. The results show that using an automatic controller promises to provide accurate control of the KC-135 refueling boom during refueling operations with minimal nozzle forces being imparted to the receiver aircraft.
The Prognostic Value of Non-Linear Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure—A Pilot Study of Multiscale Entropy (2011)

The area under the MSE curve for scale 6 to 20 is not relevant to β-blockers and could further warrant independent risk stratification for the prognosis of CHF patients.
A subset of mouse tracheal epithelial basal cells generates large colonies in vitro (2004)

Airway epithelial stem cells are not well characterized. To examine clonal growth potential, we diluted single, viable B6.129S7-Gtrosa26 (Rosa26) mouse tracheal epithelial cells that constitutively express -galactosidase into non-Rosa26 cells in an air-liquid interface cell culture model; 1.7% of the cells formed colonies of varying size, and, on average, 0.1% of the cells formed large colonies. Thus only a small subset of cells displayed progenitorial capacity suggestive of stem or early transient amplifying cells. Prior studies identified cells with high keratin 5 (K5) promoter activity in specific niches in the mouse trachea and these cells corresponded to the location of bromodeoxyuridine label-retaining cells, thought to be stem cells (Borthwick DW, Shahbazian M, Todd KQ, Dorin JR, and Randell SH, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol: 24: 662-670, 2001). To explore the hypothesis that stem cells were present in the K5-expressing compartment, we created transgenic mice in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was driven by the K5 promoter. These mice expressed EGFP in most basal cells of the body including a subset of tracheal basal cells apparently located in positions similar to previously identified stem cell niches. Flow cytometrically purified EGFP-positive cells had an overall colony-forming efficiency 4.5-fold greater than EGFP-negative cells, but the ability to generate large colonies was 12-fold greater. Thus adult mouse tracheal epithelial cells with progenitorial capacity sufficient to generate large colonies reside in the basal cell compartment. These studies are a first step toward purification and characterization of airway epithelial stem cells.
Localization of occult breast lesions: practical solutions to problems of triangulation. (1987)

The preoperative triangulation and localization of some occult breast lesions can be complicated if the lesion is located deep in the breast. Based on the authors' experience of 1,400 localization procedures, standard breast positions were modified to help locate lesions that were difficult to see in two projections. Standard compression plates were also modified, allowing placement of fenestrations over deep lesions--especially those in the axillary tail of the breast--to facilitate safe, accurate localization.
Rejection of H-Y Disparate Skin Grafts by Monospecific CD4+ Th1 and Th2 Cells: No Requirement for CD8+ T Cells or B Cells (1998)

We wished to determine whether CD4+ T cells could reject a skin graft that was discordant for a single minor transplantation Ag in the absence of CD8+ T cells or Ab. Transgenic A1(M) mice were constructed that express the rearranged V beta 8.2 and V alpha 10 TCR genes from a T cell clone that is specific for the male Ag (H-Y) in the context of H2-Ek. In addition, the RAG-1(-/-) background was bred onto these mice to eliminate any endogenous TCR rearrangements. As expected, clonal deletion was found to be complete in the thymus of male A1(M) x RAG-1(-/-) mice, while only CD4+ T cells were positively selected and found in the periphery of females. Female A1(M) x RAG-1(-/-) mice were able to rapidly reject (in <14 days) male (but not female) skin grafts in a CD4-dependent fashion. After multiple grafts, it was confirmed that no CD8+ T cells or surface Ig+ B cells were present. An immunofluorescent analysis of spleen cells after grafting showed that the majority of T cells expressed activation markers (CD44, CD25, and intracytoplasmic IL-2) and a significant proportion were making IFN-gamma and IL-4. Surprisingly, the transfer of either Th1 or Th2 CD4+ T cell lines from these mice into T cell-depleted recipients was sufficient to cause a specific rejection of male skin.
Mass spectrometry-based detection of transfer RNAs by their signature endonuclease digestion products (2006)

The separation of biologically active, pure, and specific tRNAs is difficult due to the overall similarity in secondary and tertiary structures of different tRNAs. Because prior methods do not facilitate high-resolution separations of the extremely complex mixture represented by a cellular tRNA population, global studies of tRNA identity and/or abundance are difficult. We have discovered that the enzymatic digestion of an individual tRNA by a ribonuclease (e.g., RNase T1) will generate digestion products unique to that particular tRNA, and we show that a comparison of an organism's complete complement of tRNA RNase digestion products yields a set of unique or "signature" digestion product(s) that ultimately enable the detection of individual tRNAs from a total tRNA pool. Detection is facilitated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and proof-of-principle is demonstrated on the whole tRNA pool from Escherichia coli. This method will enable the individual identification of tRNA isoacceptors without requiring specific affinity purification or extensive chromatographic and/or electrophoretic purification. Further, experimental identifications of tRNAs or other RNAs will now be possible using this signature digestion product approach in a manner similar to peptide mass fingerprinting used in proteomics, allowing RNomic studies of RNA at the post-transcriptional level.
A hypermedia version control framework (1998)

The areas of application of hypermedia technology, combined with the capabilities that hypermedia provides for manipulating structure, create an environment in which version control is very important. A hypermedia version control framework has been designed to specifically address the version control problem in open hypermedia environments. One of the primary distinctions of the framework is the partitioning of hypermedia version control functionality into intrinsic and application-specific categories. The version control has been used as a model for the design of version control services for a hyperbase management system that provides complete version support for both data and structural entities. In addition to serving as a version control model for open hypermedia environments, the framework offers a clarifying and unifying context in which to examine the issues of version control in hypermedia.
Fermentation of pigment-extracted microalgal residue using yeast cell-surface display: direct high-density ethanol production with competitive life cycle impacts (2019)

This study attempts to optimize the use of microalgal biomass for direct high-density ethanol production instead of conventional pretreatments, combining with comprehensive evaluation of environmental impact by life cycle assessment (LCA).
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A review (2017)

The current evidence backing DMSO is a constellation of cohort studies and a single randomized-controlled trial versus placebo. The optimal dose, dwell time, type of IC most likely to respond to DMSO, definitions of success/failure and the number of treatments are not universally agreed upon. Improvements in study design, phenotyping patients based on symptoms, as well as the emergence of reliable biomarkers of the disease may better guide the use of DMSO in the future.
Relationships between lightning flash rates and radar reflectivity vertical structures in thunderstorms over the tropics and subtropics (2012)

Relationships between the vertical profile of radar reflectivity and lightning flash rates are investigated using 13 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations during 1998–2010. First the Radar Precipitation Features (RPFs) are defined by grouping raining areas detected by the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). Then the characteristics of radar reflectivity and lightning flash rate are calculated in each RPF using PR and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) observations. Using these RPFs, temperatures at 20, 30, and 40 dBZ radar echo tops, used as proxies of the maximum convective intensity of precipitation systems, are examined as indicators of the probability of lightning. Although 30 and 40 dBZ echo top temperatures are better indicators of the probability of lightning than the 20 dBZ echo top temperature, there is a large regional variation in the temperature thresholds, especially between land and ocean. In general, oceanic thunderstorms have higher 20 dBZ echo top and larger horizontal extent than those over land. However, radar reflectivity is more likely to exceed 30 and 40 dBZ at cold temperatures over land than over ocean. The correlations between flash rates and radar echo top temperatures, areas and volumes of radar reflectivity, and ice water contents in the mixed phase region are analyzed using RPFs with at least one flash. In agreement with previous studies, the correlations with the echo top temperatures are low, but the correlations between flash rates and areas and volumes of high radar reflectivity in the mixed phase region are much higher. There is a high correlation between the flash rates and the volumes with radar reflectivity greater than 30, 35, or 40 dBZ in the mixed phase region, but the correlation coefficient varies significantly between thunderstorms over different regions, especially between land and ocean. These results are confirmed by repeating the analysis for regions of the storms defined as convective, thus eliminating the contribution from large areas of stratiform radar echo that have much less lightning.
Catalytic Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: An<i>Ab Initio</i>Study (1997)

We propose a catalytic growth mechanism of single-wall carbon nanotubes based on density functional total energy calculations. Our results indicate nanotubes with an ``armchair'' edge to be energetically favored over ``zigzag'' nanotubes. We also suggest that highly mobile Ni catalyst atoms adsorb at the growing edge of the nanotube, where they catalyze the continuing assembly of hexagons from carbon feedstock diffusing along the nanotube wall. In a concerted exchange mechanism, Ni atoms anneal carbon pentagons that would initiate a dome closure of the nanotube.
Combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation in advanced chronic heart failure: the MIRACLE ICD Trial. (2003)

Cardiac resynchronization improved quality of life, functional status, and exercise capacity in patients with moderate to severe HF, a wide QRS interval, and life-threatening arrhythmias. These improvements occurred in the context of underlying appropriate medical management without proarrhythmia or compromised ICD function.
Regular Banking System versus Shadow Banking System. A Comparative Assessment of Evidence from Romania (2019)

This study is determined by several factors that includes: (1) increasing interest in the shadow banking system as a result of the consequences of the global financial crisis; (2) the links between the traditional banking system and the shadow banking system with regard to the impact on financial stability; (3) low interest rates on bank deposits in recent years that might drive the development of the shadow banking system and (4) the lack of extensive literature on similar studies regarding Romania. The period analyzed is 2008-2018, beginning with the year when the effects of the global financial crisis were felt in Romania and the macroeconomic conditions deteriorated. The results reveal that the shadow banking in Romania is small compared to the regular banking system that dominates the Romanian financial system. The European Union financial sector greatly impacts both the banking sector and the shadow banking system. The entities and the activities composing the shadow banking system are not complex and the links between the two financial sectors raise greater risks to shadow banking entities than to regular banks.
A two-stage angle-rotation architecture and its error analysis for efficient digital mixer implementation (2006)

An efficient angle-rotation architecture, suitable for use in a digital mixer, is presented. The architecture employs a decomposition of the high-precision rotation-angle into a coarse angle and a fine angle, and employs two processing stages, coarse and fine. Only the coarse stage employs a ROM, and that ROM is extremely small. Small multipliers are shown to suffice while providing full accuracy at the system output. A systematic development of the architecture and its supporting theory and assumptions is given, along with the rationale for determining its structure. A rigorous analysis of its error sources is presented, as well as the computation of bounds for the various errors they induce at the system output. This error analysis is shown to lead to a straightforward means of designing an efficient two-stage angle-rotation unit for a digital mixer, given input/output bitwidths and performance specifications.
Rationale for the Combination of Nuclear Medicine with Magnetic Resonance for Pre-clinical Imaging (2006)

Multi-modality combinations of SPECT/CT and PET/CT have proven to be highly successful in the clinic and small animal SPECT/CT and PET/CT are becoming the norm in the research and drug development setting. However, the use of ionizing radiation from a high-resolution CT scanner is undesirable in any setting and particularly in small animal imaging (SAI), in laboratory experiments where it can result in radiation doses of sufficient magnitude that the experimental results can be influenced by the organism's response to radiation. The alternative use of magnetic resonance (MR) would offer a high-resolution, non-ionizing method for anatomical imaging of laboratory animals. MR brings considerably more than its 3D anatomical capability, especially regarding the imaging of laboratory animals. Dynamic MR imaging techniques can facilitate studies of perfusion, oxygenation, and diffusion amongst others. Further, MR spectroscopy can provide images that can be related to the concentration of endogenous molecules in vivo. MR imaging of injected contrast agents extends MR into the domain of molecular imaging. In combination with nuclear medicine (NM) SPECT and PET modalities in small animal imaging, MR would facilitate studies of dynamic processes such as biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. However, the detectors for nearly all PET and SPECT systems are still based on vacuum tube technology, namely: photomultiplier tubes (PMT's) in which the signal is generated by transporting electrons over a substantial distance within an evacuated glass tube, making them inoperable in even small magnetic fields. Thus the combination of SPECT or PET with MR has not been practical until the recent availability of semiconductor detectors such as silicon avalanche photodiodes (APD's) for PET and CdZnTe (CZT) detectors for SPECT coupled with the availability of high-density low noise ASIC electronics to read out the semiconductor detectors. The strong advantage of these technologies over PMT's is their insensitivity to magnetic fields which makes their use in co-axial multi-modality nuclear medicine/magnetic resonance instrumentation possible.
Preparation of Dry Powder Inhalation by Surface Treatment of Lactose Carrier Particles. (2003)

An attempt was made to produce carrier particles for dry powder inhalations by the surface treatment of lactose particles with aqueous ethanol solution. Drug/carrier powder mixtures were prepared consisting of lactose carriers with different particle surface properties and micronized salbutamol sulfate. These powder mixtures were aerosolized by Spinhaler, and in vitro deposition properties of salbutamol sulfate were evaluated by twin impinger. The degree of adhesion between drug particles and carrier particles was determined by the ultracentrifuge separation method. In addition, the air jet sieve method was used to evaluate characteristics of the separation of drug particles from carrier particles in airflow. The average adhesion force (F50) between the surface-treated lactose carrier and drug particles was significantly lower than that of powder mixed with the untreated lactose carrier, indicating that the degree of separation (T50) of drug particles from carrier particles was improved when surface-treated lactose carrier was used. This resulted in an improvement of in vitro inhalation properties.
Relationships between optically assessed polyphenols and chlorophyll contents, and leaf mass per area ratio in woody plants: a signature of the carbon–nitrogen balance within leaves? (2006)

Chlorophyll (Chl) and epidermal polyphenol (EPhen) contents were estimated in vivo using two optical leaf-clips, SPAD-502 and Dualex, respectively. The area-based measurements were transformed into mass-based data by taking into account the leaf dry mass per area (LMA). Measurements were performed on forest trees and on saplings grown under controlled conditions. While LMA increased with irradiance along a vertical transect in a beech canopy or in saplings grown under different and increasing irradiance levels, mass-based EPhen (EPhen(m)) increased, whereas mass-based Chl (Chl(m)) decreased. This was a signature of a gradual switch of investment from protein into polyphenol production. A similar signature was obtained in saplings grown on nitrogen-deficient soil with respect to fertilized controls. However, nitrogen effects remained moderate compared to irradiance-induced effects. EPhen(m) and Chl(m) both declined with plant ageing-induced increases in LMA, under all tested growth conditions. This was a signature of an accumulation of dry matter that diluted Chl and EPhen. The described competition between Chl and EPhen in leaves fits well with the predictions of the Protein Competition Model (PCM), that is, that the total leaf mass-based polyphenols content (Phen(t)) is controlled by the competition between protein and polyphenol biosynthetic pathways and its metabolic regulation.