gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine Is the Preferred Retinoid Substrate for the Photoreceptor-specific ABC Transporter ABCA4 (ABCR) (2004)

ABCA4, a member of the family of ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins found in rod and cone photoreceptors, has been implicated in the transport of retinoid compounds across the outer segment disk membrane following the photoactivation of rhodopsin. Mutations in the ABCA4 gene are responsible for Stargardt macular dystrophy and related retinal degenerative diseases that cause a loss in vision. To identify the retinoid substrate that interacts with ABCA4, we have isolated ABCA4 from rod outer segment disk membranes on an immunoaffinity matrix and analyzed retinoid compounds that bind to ABCA4 using high performance liquid chromatography and radiolabeling methods. When all-trans-retinal was added to ABCA4 in the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, approximately 0.9 mol of N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine and 0.3 mol of all-trans-retinal were bound per mol of ABCA4 with an apparent K(d) of 2-5 microm. ATP and GTP released these retinoids from ABCA4, whereas ADP, GDP, and nonhydrolyzable derivatives, adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate and guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate, were ineffective. One mole of N-retinyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, the reduced form of N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine, bound per mol of ABCA4, whereas 0.3 mol of all-trans-retinal were bound in the absence of phosphatidylethanolamine. No binding of all-trans-retinol to ABCA4 was observed. Our results indicate that ABCA4 preferentially binds N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine with high affinity in the absence of ATP. Our studies further suggest that ATP binding and hydrolysis induces a protein conformational change that causes N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine to dissociate from ABCA4.
Ceramide starves cells to death by downregulating nutrient transporter proteins (2008)

Ceramide induces cell death in response to many stimuli. Its mechanism of action, however, is not completely understood. Ceramide induces autophagy in mammalian cells maintained in rich media and nutrient permease downregulation in yeast. These observations suggested to us that ceramide might kill mammalian cells by limiting cellular access to extracellular nutrients. Consistent with this proposal, physiologically relevant concentrations of ceramide produced a profound and specific downregulation of nutrient transporter proteins in mammalian cells. Blocking ceramide-induced nutrient transporter loss or supplementation with the cell-permeable nutrient, methyl pyruvate, reversed ceramide-dependent toxicity. Conversely, cells became more sensitive to ceramide when nutrient stress was increased by acutely limiting extracellular nutrients, inhibiting autophagy, or deleting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Observations that ceramide can trigger either apoptosis or caspase-independent cell death may be explained by this model. We found that methyl pyruvate (MP) also protected cells from ceramide-induced, nonapoptotic death consistent with the idea that severe bioenergetic stress was responsible. Taken together, these studies suggest that the cellular metabolic state is an important arbiter of the cellular response to ceramide. In fact, increasing nutrient demand by incubating cells in high levels of growth factor sensitized cells to ceramide. On the other hand, gradually adapting cells to tolerate low levels of extracellular nutrients completely blocked ceramide-induced death. In sum, these results support a model where ceramide kills cells by inducing intracellular nutrient limitation subsequent to nutrient transporter downregulation.
a-Stratified Multistage Computerized Adaptive Testing (1999)

Computerized adaptive tests (CAT) commonly use item selection methods that select the item which provides maximum information at an examinees estimated trait level. However, these methods can yield extremely skewed item exposure distributions. For tests based on the three-parameter logistic model, it was found that administering items with low discrimination parameter (a) values early in the test and administering those with high a values later was advantageous; the skewness of item exposure distributions was reduced while efficiency was maintained in trait level estimation. Thus, a new multistage adaptive testing approach is proposed that factors a into the item selection process. In this approach, the items in the item bank are stratified into a number of levels based on their a values. The early stages ofa test use items with lower as and later stages use items with higher as. At each stage, items are selected according to an optimization criterion from the corresponding level. Simulation studies were performed to compare a-stratified CATs with CATs based on the Sympson-Hetter method for controlling item exposure. Results indicated that this new strategy led to tests that were well-balanced, with respect to item exposure, and efficient. The a-stratifiedCATs achieved a lower average exposure rate than CATs based on Bayesian or information-based item selection and the Sympson-Hetter method.
Pre-Modern Property and Self-Ownership Before and After Locke (2005)

Self-ownership is a central concept not only in Anglo-American liberal/libertarian discourse but also in Marxism. This article investigates what it means to say that a person has fundamental entitlement to full property in himself. It looks at possible moments when pre-modern concepts of the self became modern ones, examining Locke’s Second Treatise and his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. The aim is to focus on continuities and discontinuities in the transition from pre-modern to modern concepts and practices of identity and agency and the role that attitudes to property played within this transition. It also seeks to alert historians to the pitfalls of accepting contemporary conceptions of moral and civic agency found in normative political theory when they study pre-modern contexts and the people who lived their lives within them. It also attempts to expose certain modern limits on our understanding of society and people’s obligations to one another by rejecting the laws of the oikos as currently applied to the political domain.
Cluster-Based Reputation Model in Peer-to-Peer Network (2011)

Nowadays, Peer-to-Peer network represents a large portion of internet traffic, and becomes fundamental data sources. Because of lacking the security mechanism from third-party, P2P network will face some severe trust problems such as service faking and resource abusing by some malicious peers. The conventional security measures can not be used to cater for this demand, whereas the scenario based on reputation has widely been accepted. Through studying the present reputation, the paper presents a cluster-based reputation model (CBRM). The model is consisted by reputation mechanism and cluster. In the model, we take the reputation mechanism for realizing the security transaction; and the network topology structure of CBRM adopts the cluster, so efficiency of reputation management is noticeably raised. In order to improve security, reduce the network traffic brought by management of reputation, and enhance stability of cluster, when we select reputation, the average historical online time, and the network bandwidth as the elementary components of the comprehensive performance of node. Simulation results showed that the proposed model improved the security, reduced the network traffic, and enhanced stability of cluster.
Axis-Selective Photo-Fries Rearrangement and Photoinduced Molecular Reorientation in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Films (2011)

The thermally enhanced photoinduced molecular reorientation based on an axis-selective photo-Fries rearrangement was explored for the first time using three liquid crystalline polymethacrylates with 4-(2′-(4″-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)phenyl benzoate side groups (1a), 4-methoxybiphenyl benzoate side groups (1b), and 4-methoxyphenyl benzoate side groups (1c). All the polymeric films exhibited an axis-selective formation of the photo-Fries products at the phenyl benzoate derivatives side groups by irradiating with linearly polarized (LP) UV light. Annealing the films in the liquid crystalline temperature range of the material greatly amplified the photoinduced small optical anisotropy of the irradiated films. For 1a and 1b, the photoinduced small anisotropy was amplified in a direction parallel to the polarization (E) of LPUV light and the reorientational order (S) was greater than 0.7. In contrast, the orientation direction was perpendicular to E for 1c (S ∼ 0.57). Finally, a simple double-exposure method using one photomask without alignment was performed to fabricate a patterned quarter-wave plate.
Bearing accuracy and resolution bounds of high-resolution beamformers (2005)

The paper compares the performance of two high-resolution beamformers, MUSIC and Modal Decomposition, to that of the Conventional Beamformer, under the constraints of small signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and short observation times. In particular, the reliability of the methods in estimating and resolving the bearings of plane waves with a linear array is examined by way of simulation. The presence of a threshold SNR below which bearing estimates rapidly degrade is shown to increase by 2-3 dB for the high-resolution methods, although the threshold is relatively insensitive to an overestimation of model order.
Increased prescribing of antidepressants subsequent to beta-blocker therapy. (1990)

Using records of the Saskatchewan Prescription Drug Plan, we determined the incidence of antidepressant use (a marker for depressive symptoms) in patients who received beta-blockers or other treatments for chronic diseases (diuretics, antihypertensives, and hypoglycemics) during 1984, but not in the previous 6 months. Antidepressants initiated within 12 months after the study drug were counted. Of the 3218 new beta-blocker users, 6.4% received concurrent prescriptions (ie, within 34 days) for an antidepressant and beta-blocker. Only 2.8% of the reference group (no study drug use) received an antidepressant. A greater proportion of patients prescribed propranolol (9.5%) received an antidepressant than those prescribed other "lipophilic" (3.9%) or "hydrophilic" (2.5%) beta-blockers. Incidence ratios for propranolol revealed the overall risk antidepressant use was 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 5.5) times that of the reference group and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.5) times that of all other study drug users. For propranolol, relative risk of antidepressant use (drug/reference group) varied with age and was greatest in the 20- to 39-year-old group (17.2; 95% CI, 13.7 to 21.5).
Deletion of <i>nfnAB</i> in Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum and Its Effect on Metabolism (2015)

Thermophilic anaerobes that can convert biomass-derived sugars into ethanol have been investigated as candidates for biofuel formation. Many anaerobes have been genetically engineered to increase biofuel formation; however, key aspects of metabolism remain unknown and poorly understood. One example is the mechanism for ferredoxin oxidation and transfer of electrons to NAD(P)(+). The electron-bifurcating enzyme complex NfnAB is known to catalyze the reversible transfer of electrons from reduced ferredoxin and NADH to 2 NADP(+) and is thought to play key roles linking NAD(P)(H) metabolism with ferredoxin metabolism. We report the first deletion of nfnAB and demonstrate a role for NfnAB in metabolism and ethanol formation in Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum and show that this may be an important feature among other thermophilic ethanologenic anaerobes.
Carrier Phase Indoor Positioning Using Pseudolites and INS (2003)

Pseudolites provide augment GPS signals and can be used in situations with limited GPS coverage. They have been found popular in precision landing as well as indoor positioning applications. In many pseudolite-only indoor positioning systems, double difference carrier phase signals between a fixed reference receiver and a moving receiver (rover) with respect to pseudolites are often used to precisely determine the rover position. One difficulty involve in such scenario is the carrier phase ambiguities need to be resolved. As indoor pseudolites have very different geometric properties compared with outdoor GPS satellites, conventional double difference ambiguity resolution techniques need to be modified. In some algorithms, initial rover position is required in order to resolve the ambiguities and to provide further positioning capability after moving. In some other methods, ambiguity resolution is achieved iteratively and times are required to yield correct solutions. There are also applications using pseudolites together with inertia navigation systems (INS). However, INS roles in many past researches are merely to improve system performance under limited coverage environments for pseudolites or GPS. In this paper we propose an efficient ambiguity resolution method for indoor pseudolite positioning by using the relative movement information provided by INS onboard of rover. This method can immediately resolve ambiguity and provide absolute and accurate carrier phase based position after obtaining suitable INS movement. There is no requirement for a priori knowledge of the initial rover position. Simulation results based on realistic indoor positioning environments has shown the validity of the algorithm, and convergence properties of the algorithm are also studied.
Structure, dynamics and ordering transition of solid C60 (1992)

Solid C60 forms a face-centered-cubic structure at room temperature, in which the molecules exhibit dynamic orientational disorder. At 255 K the molecules develop orientational order via a first order phase transition, lowering the space group symmetry to Pa3 in a simple cubic lattice. Even in the ordered phase, short-range disorder persists to the lowest temperatures. The Pa3 structure is stabilized by both Lennard-Jones atomic pair potentials and by Coulombic forces arising from excess charge in the double bonds. The low temperature dynamics are primarily characterized by jump rotational diffusion between equivalent orientations superimposed on small amplitude librational oscillations. The behavior at the phase transition is strongly influenced by trace impurities and solvent. Similar effects are seen in C60O and in C70.
Amorphous aluminosilicates promote nucleation of amyloid β protein and tachykinins (1993)

Conference Article| February 01 1993 Amorphous aluminosilicates promote nucleation of amyloid β protein and tachykinins John M. Candy; John M. Candy 1MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Arthur E. Oakley; Arthur E. Oakley 1MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar James A. Edwardson James A. Edwardson 1MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (1): 53S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst021053s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John M. Candy, Arthur E. Oakley, James A. Edwardson; Amorphous aluminosilicates promote nucleation of amyloid β protein and tachykinins. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1993; 21 (1): 53S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst021053s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Data-driven depth calibration for distributed acoustic sensing (2016)

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) can make use of an ordinary telecom fiber as a continuous array of acoustic sensors to acquire, for example, downhole seismic. One challenge when using DAS is assigning correct depth to a given part of the DAS data record. Usually, depth is assigned by linear interpolation between reference points in the record for which the depth is known. We present a case where this approach did not work satisfactorily due to a fiber accumulation of unknown length between the reference points in the top and bottom of the well. The data we discuss were acquired using Silixa's iDAS technology retrofitted to previously installed fiber-optic cables. During installation, the cables were clamped to the tubing at each coupling between tubing sections. We found a pattern in the iDAS data that could be related to the clamping points. The pattern is particularly clear for frequencies in the 100–200 Hz band and may be caused by eigenmode vibrations set up by the clamping points. Based on this observation, a method for data-driven depth calibration was developed by matching the observed pattern to the clamp positions known from the tubing-tally information. An algorithm was designed to do the optimization. With regularly spaced clamps, several solutions are output, and some knowledge of the approximate depth is needed to pick the appropriate one. Our data-driven depth calibration was successfully applied to iDAS data from six wells.
A Survey of Contingent‐Claims Approaches to Risky Debt Valuation (2000)

This article surveys available research on the contingent‐claims approach to risky debt valuation. The author describes both the structural and reduced form versions of contingent claims models and summarizes both the theoretical and empirical research in this area. Relative to the progress made in the theory of risky debt valuation, empirical validation of these models lags far behind. This survey highlights the increasing gap between the theoretical valuation and the empirical understanding of risky debt.
Detection of <i>GBA</i> missense mutations and other variants using the Oxford Nanopore MinION (2018)

Abstract Purpose Mutations in GBA cause Gaucher disease when biallelic, and are strong risk factors for Parkinson’s disease when heterozygous. GBA analysis is complicated by the nearby pseudogene. We aimed to design and validate a method for sequencing GBA on the Oxford Nanopore MinION. Methods We sequenced an 8.9 kb amplicon from DNA samples of 17 individuals, including patients with Parkinson’s and Gaucher disease, on older and current (R9.4) flow cells. These included samples with known mutations, assessed in a blinded fashion on the R9.4 data. We used NanoOK for quality metrics, two different aligners (Graphmap and NGMLR), Nanopolish and Sniffles to call variants, and Whatshap for phasing. Results We detected all known mutations, including the common p.N409S (N370S) and p.L483P (L444P), and three rarer ones, at the correct zygosity, as well as intronic SNPs. In a sample with the complex RecNciI allele, we detected an additional coding mutation, and a 55-base pair deletion. We confirmed compound heterozygosity where relevant. False positives were easily identified. Conclusion The Oxford Nanopore MinION can detect missense mutations and an exonic deletion in this difficult gene, with the added advantage of phasing and intronic analysis. It can be used as an efficient diagnostic tool.
An implementation of OFDM receiver for digital terrestrial television broadcasting and its technologies (1997)

We develop an OFDM receiver for digital terrestrial television broadcasting. The key issues of the OFDM receiver are frequency synchronization and equalization of channel characteristics including tuner phase noise. A new scheme for frequency synchronization is discussed. The synchronization scheme allows simultaneous frequency error estimation of the carrier frequency and the sampling frequency error with a single estimator. The frequency error estimation is based on correlation vectors of OFDM signals and the portion of its replica placed in a guard interval. A two dimensional interpolation filter is employed to equalize the channel characteristics with minimum noise bandwidth. We show the bit error rate performance of the OFDM receiver with the developed schemes in AWGN, statistic multipath, Rayleigh fading channels, and in the presence of tuner phase noise.
The synthesis of 8-aza-3-deazaguanosine [6-amino-1-(β-<scp>D</scp>-ribofuranosyl)-υ-triazolo[4,5-<i>c</i>]pyridin-4-one] via a novel 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (1980)

8-Aza-3-deazaguanosine (2) bas been prepared via a route which used a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to provide a key intermediate. The reaction of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl azide (13) with methyl 4-hydroxy-2-butynoate (11) provided a good yield of crystalline methyl 5-hydroxymethyl-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-υ-triazole-4-carboxylate (14). A series of functional group transformations were then used to convert 14 into methyl 5-cyanomethyl-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-υ-triazolo-4-carboxylate (19). Treatment of 19 with liquid ammonia effected not only a smooth removal of the blocking groups, but also an aminolysis of the ester function which was then followed by a ring annulation to provide 8-aza-3-deazaguanosine (2). The structures of these nucleosides were established on the basis of proton nmr spectral data and nuclear Overhauser enhancement data. The nucleosides obtained in this study were also converted through a chemical degradation sequence into nucleosides which had been obtained during an earlier work from our laboratory. The present study also provides unequivocal proof of the structures of some triazole nucleosides obtained in the earlier study.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Weekly Subcutaneous Efalizumab Doses in Patients With Plaque Psoriasis (2005)

Efalizumab pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy were assessed after subcutaneous administration of 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg/wk for 12 weeks with 12 weeks of follow-up in subjects with psoriasis. Steady-state serum concentrations were achieved by 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. C(max) was 12 and 31 microg/mL, occurring approximately 2 days after a SC dose. Serum trough levels were 9 and 24 microg/mL, and CL/F(ss) was 24 and 16 mL/kg/d. At both doses, CD11a expression on T lymphocytes was maximally down-modulated to approximately 20% of baseline, and CD11a binding sites were >95% saturated. The extent of this PD effect was less for other leukocytes. Leukocyte counts increased by approximately 40%, with the majority of this increase related to a significant but reversible increase in the lymphocyte population. Maximal pharmacodynamic effects were sustained at both dose levels through the course of treatment and were commensurate with improvements in psoriasis.
Testicular fixation in adult retractile testis: technical notes. (2003)

A variety of techniques for scrotal orchiopexy have been described in the literature, including those without suture fixation, such as the scrotal pouch. We perform a simple modified technique for bilateral testicular fixation in patients with bilateral and/or unilateral adult retractile testis and with symptoms characterised by chronic orchialgia due to testicular hypermobility or repeated funicular subtorsion.