gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patchlets : a method of interpreting correlation stereo 3D data (2009)

This thesis describes methods for fitting local planar surface elements, that we call patchlets, to 3D data obtained from correlation stereo images. We use these patchlets to robustly extract and estimate bounded planar surfaces from complex and noisy stereo scenes. The patchlet element is a small planar surface the size of a pixel projected onto a world surface. It has a position, a normal direction, a size, and confidence metrics on its position and orientation. The confidence metrics are generated from the noise model of the stereo vision system, which are propagated to 3D point data and then to the patchlet parameters. The patchlets are used to extract larger bounded planar surfaces that are useful for environment modeling. We use a region-growing approach to identify how many surfaces exist in a stereo image and an initial estimate of the surface parameters. We then use Expectation-Maximisation (EM) to refine these surface parameters to an optimal estimate using a probability maximisation approach. The confidence metrics of the patchlet parameters allow proper weighting of patchlet contributions to the probability maximisation solution. We verify by experimental means the accuracy of correlation stereo matching and demonstrate that the patchlet confidence metrics obtained from that accuracy fit expected normal distributions. We compare the results of the patchlet-based surface segmentation to manually constructed ground-truth segmentation and find the segmentation accuracy for a scene ranged from 82% to 93%. We also present a method for filtering noise from correlation stereo disparity images.
Barrier metal free copper damascene interconnection technology using atmospheric copper reflow and nitrogen doping in SiOF film (2002)

This paper describes a barrier metal free copper damascene interconnection technology using atmospheric copper reflow and nitrogen doping in SiOF films for improvement of RC delay. Formation of a thin barrier layer for copper on the surface of SiOF film was achieved by NH/sub 3/ plasma treatment. Barrier metal free copper damascene interconnects having a resistivity of 1.8/spl plusmn/0.03 /spl mu//spl Omega//spl middot/cm, lower than that of Cu/TiN structures, were successfully fabricated without peeling-off failures. By use of this structure, a 25% reduction for Tpd in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, compared with that of the Cu/TiN structure, was confirmed by SPICE simulation.
In situ study of electrochemical activation and surface segregation of the SOFC electrode material La<sub>0.75</sub>Sr<sub>0.25</sub>Cr<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3±δ</sub> (2011)

Mixed-conducting perovskite-type electrodes which are used as cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) exhibit pronounced performance improvement after cathodic polarization. The current in situ study addresses the mechanism of this activation process which is still unknown. We chose the new perovskite-type material La(0.75)Sr(0.25)Cr(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(3±δ) which is a potential candidate for use in symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells (SFCs). We prepared La(0.75)Sr(0.25)Cr(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(3±δ) thin film model electrodes on YSZ (111) single crystals by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements show that the kinetics of these electrodes can be drastically improved by applying a cathodic potential. To understand the origin of the enhanced electrocatalytic activity the surfaces of operating LSCrM electrodes were studied in situ (at low pressure) with spatially resolving X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (μ-ESCA, SPEM) and quasi static secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) after applying different electrical potentials in the SIMS chamber. We observed that the electrode surfaces which were annealed at 600 °C are enriched significantly in strontium. Subsequent cathodic polarization decreases the strontium surface concentration while anodic polarization increases the strontium accumulation at the electrode surface. We propose a mechanism based on the reversible incorporation of a passivating SrO surface phase into the LSCrM lattice to explain the observed activation/deactivation process.
On the Schauder estimates of solutions to parabolic equations (1998)

In this paper we give a priori estimates on asymptotic polynomials of
solutions to parabolic differential equations at any points. This leads to a pointwise
version of Schauder estimates. The result in this paper improves the classical
Schauder estimates in a way that the estimates of solutions and their derivatives at
one point depend on the coefficient and nonhomogeneous terms at this particular
point.
Mössbauer, EPR, and optical studies of the corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein involved in the synthesis of acetyl coenzyme A by Clostridium thermoaceticum. (1987)

We have purified to homogeneity the 88-kDa corrinoid protein from Clostridium thermoaceticum which acts as a methyl carrier in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA. As shown here, this protein contains a [4Fe-4S]1+/2+ cluster in addition to a corrinoid. The corrinoid is 5-methoxybenzimidazolylcobamide, with an OH- group probably present as the upper axial ligand. Co+ is present in the reduced form, Co2+ in the as-isolated form, and Co3+ in the methylated form of the protein. The as-isolated corrinoid/Fe-S protein exhibits a Co2+ EPR signal lacking nitrogen superhyperfine splittings, indicating that the benzimidazole base is uncoordinated ("base-off") in the Co2+ state. Optical studies suggest that the Co3+-CH3 corrinoid is also base-off. In the as-isolated and methylated forms, the iron-sulfur cluster is diamagnetic, with quadrupole splittings and isomer shifts characteristic of [4Fe-4S]2+ clusters. The protein can be reduced by CO and CO dehydrogenase in the absence of ferredoxin. The EPR spectra of the reduced cluster exhibit two components: one with principal g-values at 2.07, 1.93, and 1.82 and the other at 2.02, 1.94, and 1.86. The Mössbauer data show that these signals result from [4Fe-4S]1+ clusters. Chemical analysis shows that the iron:cobalt atomic ratio is close to 4:1, suggesting that a single [4Fe-4S]1+ cluster occurs in two distinct S = 1/2 spin states in the reduced state. Treatment with 1-2.5 M urea converts the two cluster forms into a single one, with EPR and Mössbauer spectra of typical [4Fe-4S]1+ clusters. A 27-kDa corrinoid protein (Ljungdahl, L.G., LeGall, J., and Lee, J.P. (1973) Biochemistry 12, 1802-1808) also was purified and found to be inactive in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, contrary to the suggestion of Ljungdahl et al. (1973).
Reducing Timing Channels with Fuzzy Time (1992)

This paper describes fuzzy time. This is a collection of techniques that reduces the bandwidths of covert timing channels by making all clocks available to a process noisy. Developed in response to the problems posed by high-speed hardware timing cha
Efficacy of ticlopidine and aspirin for prevention of reversible cerebrovascular ischemic events. The Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study. (1993)

The results in this subgroup of patients with reversible ischemic disease, as well as the overall analysis of TASS, suggest that ticlopidine is a more effective agent than aspirin for the prevention of recurrent transient ischemic attacks.
EUV optical system for the reticle imaging microscope (RIM) (2006)

The EUV optical system of the Reticle Imaging Microscope (RIM) for EUV mask inspection consists of a pinched Xeplasma source, a pupil-relayed Koehler-type illumination system and an equal-radii Cassegrain-type microscope with a 10x magnification<sup>1</sup>. The 3D surface topologies were characterized over spatial wavelengths ranging from the clear apertures down to a few nanometers by using a portfolio of instruments including contacting profilometry, phase-shifting interferometry at 633 nm at various magnifications and Atomic Force Microscopy. Measured 3D topography maps were Fourier analyzed and Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) are computed over spatial periods ranging from the critical aperture down to a few nm. Integrated RMS surface errors over typically reported spatial period ranges were computed. For a different optical system we improved our polishing process to reduce surface errors for spatial periods below 10 mm. PSDs and integrated RMS surface errors will be shown in comparison with typical RIM surfaces. All surfaces of the RIM optical system were coated with high-reflectivity coatings to maximize optical throughput. A description of the coatings and their performance had been published recently by Michael Kriese et al.<sup>2</sup> The transmitted wavefront error (TWF) of the imager module was measured in a double pass configuration using a Fizeau-type Interferometer at 633 nm wavelength and a convex retrosphere. The measured TWF will be shown over the entire Numerical Aperture (NA = 0.0625) of the microscope. The integrated RMS of the TWF measured 0.79 nm.
A comparison of three methods for measuring thoracic kyphosis: implications for clinical studies (2000)

Kyphosis measurements were derived from 93 lateral spinal radiographs or sagittal computed tomography images of cadaveric spines, using: (i) a computer-assisted method for estimating radius of curvature; (ii) the traditional Cobb method; and (iii) an alternative Cobb method. Regression models were applied for agreement analyses, and to examine the relative contribution of vertebral body and disc shape on the extent of curvature. Results and conclusions. Strong associations existed between curvature and angle data derived from the three methods, confirming the clinical utility of these techniques for the quantification of thoracic kyphosis. However, the traditional Cobb method tended to overestimate kyphosis in the presence of vertebral body end-plate deformation. The degree of kyphosis was strongly reflective of the extent of deformity of the vertebral bodies, and to a lesser extent the shape of the thoracic discs.
Accessibility Testing (2007)

A large number of sophisticated software tools can be used to check for web accessibility. U.S. federal agencies and corporations are spending millions of dollars on tools that claim to test websites for accessibility. But what actually can and cannot be tested with these tools?KeywordsRegulatory ComplianceScreen ReaderTest FileAccessibility TestingLabel ElementThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Mono- and polyclonal antibodies to the organophosphate fenitrothion. 2. Antibody specificity and assay performance (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMono- and polyclonal antibodies to the organophosphate fenitrothion. 2. Antibody specificity and assay performanceAmanda S. Hill, Helen L. Beasley, David P. McAdam, and John H. SkerrittCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 8, 1471–1474Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00020a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00020a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of echocardiography in toxic heart valvulopathy (2009)

The notion that drugs can induce valvular heart disease (VHD) has occurred since the 1960s and has received a lot of attention in recent years. This review focuses on different aspects of this distinct valvulopathy in seven sections: (i) historical background, (ii) drug-induced VHD, is this a real entity?, (iii) its morphological and echocardiographic features, (iv) drugs associated with VHD, (v) the influence of cumulative drug dose and risk factors, (vi) the natural course of toxic valvulopathy, and (vii) practical recommendations when using potential valvulopathic drugs.
Succession of Microbial Communities during Hot Composting as Detected by PCR–Single-Strand-Conformation Polymorphism-Based Genetic Profiles of Small-Subunit rRNA Genes (2000)

A cultivation-independent technique for genetic profiling of PCR-amplified small-subunit rRNA genes (SSU rDNA) was chosen to characterize the diversity and succession of microbial communities during composting of an organic agricultural substrate. PCR amplifications were performed with DNA directly extracted from compost samples and with primers targeting either (i) the V4-V5 region of eubacterial 16S rRNA genes, (ii) the V3 region in the 16S rRNA genes of actinomycetes, or (iii) the V8-V9 region of fungal 18S rRNA genes. Homologous PCR products were converted to single-stranded DNA molecules by exonuclease digestion and were subsequently electrophoretically separated by their single-strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Genetic profiles obtained by this technique showed a succession and increasing diversity of microbial populations with all primers. A total of 19 single products were isolated from the profiles by PCR reamplification and cloning. DNA sequencing of these molecular isolates showed similarities in the range of 92.3 to 100% to known gram-positive bacteria with a low or high G+C DNA content and to the SSU rDNA of gamma-Proteobacteria. The amplified 18S rRNA gene sequences were related to the respective gene regions of Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. Specific molecular isolates could be attributed to different composting stages. The diversity of cultivated bacteria isolated from samples taken at the end of the composting process was low. A total of 290 isolates were related to only 6 different species. Two or three of these species were also detectable in the SSCP community profiles. Our study indicates that community SSCP profiles can be highly useful for the monitoring of bacterial diversity and community successions in a biotechnologically relevant process.
A new probe for W-band on-wafer measurements (2002)

A W-band wafer probe based on a coaxial line design has been developed. With built-in bias tee, 2-dB insertion loss and better than 12-dB return loss from 75 GHz to 110 GHz are achieved. A probe without bias tee has 1.3-dB loss and 1.5-dB return loss at 94 GHz when optimized for narrowband application. S-parameters of discrete transistors and circuits have been accurately measured from 75 GHz to 110 GHz. The noise figure of active circuits has also been measured at W-band with these probes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poliomyelitis. III. Propagation of MEFl Strain of Poliomyelitis Virus in Developing Chick Embryo by Allantoic Cavity Inoculation. (1952)

Data describing the cultivation of the MEFl Lansing type poliomyelitis virus in the developing chick embryo are reported. This strain of poliomyelitis virus was derived from the original MEFl strain following its adaptation to suckling hamsters. Neutralization tests performed at three passage levels with bona fide immune hamster and monkey sera prepared against three homotypic strains of the Lansing type virus point to the identity of the chick embryo adapted and propagated virus with this type of poliomyelitis agents. A moderate neutralization has also been shown to take place between the chick embryo adapted virus and immune monkey Brunhilde and Leon sera, but, as indicated, it is difficult to attribute much significance to this finding at the present time. Some experimental evidence was obtained indicating that the chick embryo adapted virus does not induce paralysis or death in Rhesus monkeys even following intracerebral inoculation with comparatively massive doses of virus. The effect of this virus on the immune response of Rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees is being further investigated.
Deep Learning-Based Corporate Performance Prediction Model Considering Technical Capability (2017)

Many studies have predicted the future performance of companies for the purpose of making investment decisions. Most of these are based on the qualitative judgments of experts in related industries, who consider various financial and firm performance information. With recent developments in data processing technology, studies have started to use machine learning techniques to predict corporate performance. For example, deep neural network-based prediction models are again attracting attention, and are now widely used in constructing prediction and classification models. In this study, we propose a deep neural network-based corporate performance prediction model that uses a company’s financial and patent indicators as predictors. The proposed model includes an unsupervised learning phase and a fine-tuning phase. The learning phase uses a restricted Boltzmann machine. The fine-tuning phase uses a backpropagation algorithm and a relatively up-to-date training data set that reflects the latest trends in the relationship between predictors and corporate performance.
Network Intrusion Detection based on LDA for payload feature selection (2010)

Anomaly Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a statistical based network IDS which can detect attack variants and novel attacks without a priori knowledge. Current anomaly IDSs are inefficient for real-time detection because of their complex computation. This paper proposes a novel approach to reduce the heavy computational cost of an anomaly IDS. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and difference distance map are used for selection of significant features. This approach is able to transform high-dimensional feature vectors into a low-dimensional domain. The similarity between new incoming packets and a normal profile is determined using Euclidean distance on the simple, low-dimensional feature domain. The final decision will be made according to a pre-calculated threshold to differentiate normal and abnormal network packets. The proposed approach is evaluated using DARPA 1999 IDS dataset.
Interferometry with Faraday mirrors for quantumcryptography (1997)

Quantum cryptography over 23 km of installed telecommunications fibre using a novel interferometer with Faraday mirrors is presented. The interferometer needs no alignment nor polarisation control and features 99.8% fringe visibility. A secret key of 20 kbit length with an error rate of 1.35% for 0.1 photon per pulse was produced.
Study on the Deployment of Accelerometers in Reflection Seismic Surveys (2007)

The RSCS (Real-time Seismic Cable System) is an optical submarine cable system employing a series of 3 axial component velocity type sensors (geophones) mounted in a pressure resistant case capable of withstanding hydraulic pressures up to 800 atmospheres (78.4 MPa). Spreads consisting of several of geophones, spaced at 50 meters interval, have been deployed during actual offshore reflection seismic survey. The resulting data quality with RSCS showed that this system was effective for multi-component reflection seismic survey [1]. In this paper, application of acceleration type sensors (accelerometer) in RSCS was studied. For comparison, a system equipped with 3 component geophones and a 3-axis accelerometer was deployed during reflection seismic survey in an area with a water depth of about 1000 m. The data acquired with both types of sensors have excellent quality and it can be concluded that RSCS equipped with accelerometer is also effective for reflection seismic surveys. This result shows the possibility to reduce the size of RSCS unit, because accelerometer does not need the gimbal mechanism necessary for geophones.
CXCR4 and Glioblastoma (2015)

This article focuses on the possible application of antagonists of the G-protein coupled chemokine receptor, CXCR4, for the treatment of glioblastoma and summarises the evidence for CXCR4 antagonism being a viable therapeutic approach. Particular attention is paid to the role of this receptor in cancer stem cell biology, and the maintenance of CXCR4 expression by the glioblastoma key driver mutations. The expression of the CXCR4 receptor, and of its ligand stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1, CXCL12), is maintained by intracellular pathways via positive feedback loops, and is associated with the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the generation and self-renewal of cancer stem cells. SDF-1 and CXCR4 also play a role in the generation and maintenance of the perivascular stem cell niche which contains these cancer stem cells. The available data suggest that most, if not all, glioblastoma cancer stem cells rely on CXCR4 mediated signalling to maintain their phenotype. SDF-1 and CXCR4 are alsoinvolved in many other aspects of brain tumour biology including resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, the migration of cancer cells through the brain, the generation of the tumour blood supply and the recruitment of vascular progenitor cells. These properties suggest that a CXCR4 antagonist would help in the control of this disease.
Life cycle of the human and animal oomycete pathogen Pythium insidiosum (1993)

Pythium insidiosum, the etiologic agent of pythiosis insidiosii, causes life-threatening infections in humans and animals. Previous studies of the epidemiology of this disease hypothesized about the possible life cycle of this oomycete. Details, however, were not provided on the steps required to cause infection. We investigated the life cycle of P. insidiosum by inoculating pieces of equine skin and plant leaves and then studying the ensuing events with a scanning electron microscope. Our observations revealed that zoospores had a strong tropism for skin tissue, horse and human hair, and water lily and grass leaves and a weak attraction to a variety of other leaves. Encysted zoospores were observed on the favored leaves and skin. There they produced germ tubes and later abundant hyphal filaments that penetrated leaf tissues. Young sporangia had compact, thick walls. The sporangial wall was reduced to a fragile membrane when the sporangia had produced well-differentiated biflagellate zoospores. The encysted zoospores secreted an amorphous material that permitted the zoospores to adhere to skin and plant tissues. On the basis of these findings, a model to explain the life cycle of P. insidiosum is proposed.
The in vivo life span of normal and preneoplastic mouse mammary glands: a serial transplantation study. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.