gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-watt AlGaN-GaN HEMTs on sapphire substrates with thermal management by flip-chip bonding (2002)

GaN based HEMTs take advantage of the high bandgap, high saturation velocity and enhanced mobility in nitride semiconductor heterostructures. They are therefore a potential choice for high-power applications at microwave frequencies. Very high power densities >3 W/mm at 18 GHz have been demonstrated through 75-100 μm gate-width HEMTs grown on sapphire substrates, using high Al-content AlGaN as the barrier/donor layers. For practical applications, the gate-width must be scaled up, and thermal management becomes an important issue. For this reason, significant research effort has been directed to GaN growth on SiC substrates, due to the higher order thermal conductivity of SiC compared to sapphire. However, judicious thermal management with devices grown on sapphire substrates is deemed as a more cost-effective approach. Al/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/N/sapphire HEMTs with a total power of 1.4 W have been achieved through flip-chip bonding on AlN carriers, which also have a high thermal conductivity (Thibeault et al., 1997). Here, we report performance improvements with Al/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/N/sapphire HEMTs.
Precision interferometric dilatometer (1985)

An improved double Michelson laser interferometer dilatometer is described. The unit is suitable for the study of materials of arbitrary size or shape with time-dependent and near zero coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) over the range 100 to &gt;450 K. Direct recording of four amplified photodetector signals gives a ΔL/L resolution of 5×10−8 and an average CTE error in the 10−10–10−9 K−1 range. An inexpensive automatic digital counter–microprocessor combination permits recording of instantaneous ΔL/L and CTE values at &gt;30-s intervals. The resolution of ΔL/L in this case is &lt;8×10−7 while the instantaneous CTE (4 K interval) has an uncertainty of &lt;2×10−7 K−1. The latter values are based on a counting unit of λ/2 and interpolating. Smaller counting units reduce errors proportionately to the system noise level and the limitations of the temperature measurement.
Two affinities for a single antagonist at the neuronal NK<sub>1</sub> tachykinin receptor: evidence from quantitation of receptor endocytosis (1999)

1. In smooth muscle contractility assays, many NK1 receptor (NK1r) antagonists inhibit responses to the neurotransmitter, substance P (SP), and its analogue, septide, with markedly different potency, leading to the proposal that there is a septide-preferring receptor related to the NK1r. 2. We used fluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to visualize agonist-induced NK1r endocytosis and analyse agonist/antagonist interactions at native NK1r in neurons of the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum. 3. SP and septide gave sigmoid log concentration-response curves and were equipotent in inducing NK1r endocytosis. 4. The NK1r antagonists, CP-99994 (2S,3S)-3-(2-methoxybenzyl)amino-2-phenylpiperidine dihydrochloride and MEN-10581, cyclo(Leu,[CH2NH]Lys(benzyloxycarbonyl)-Gln-Trp-Phe-betaAla) were both more potent in inhibiting endocytosis (50 x and 8 x greater respectively) against septide than against SP. 5. The results suggest that SP and septide interact differently with the NK1r, and that a single antagonist can exhibit different affinities at a single NK1r population, depending on the agonist with which it competes. Thus it may not be necessary to posit a separate septide-preferring tachykinin receptor.
Quality Assurance in the Voluntary Sector (1994)

Reports on a small-scale quality assurance analysis of rural mental health drop-in centres. Within a cross-sectional research design, measures were taken of the centres' structure, process and outcome. The instruments used to take these measures were structured interviews, questionnaires and direct observation, which were applied to clients, staff and referrers. It was found that the centres achieved their objectives with considerable success, including high levels of client and referrer satisfaction. Concludes that the three centres provided a quality service which complements the formal options (i.e. NHS and Social Services). Draws implications for the extension of NHS staff roles in relation to the voluntary sector.
DIE WIRKUNG VON APHIDENSTICHEN AUF PFLANZLICHE ZELLEN (1961)

Die Aphiden rufen durch den Einstich bei ihren Wirtspflanzen Reaktionen mannigfaltiger Art hervor. So sind uns Auswirkungen auf den Wasserhaushalt und den Stoffwechsel pflanzlicher Gewebe bekannt, die auf die Einwirkung pflanzensaugender Insekten zurückzuführen sind. Diese Reaktionen werden durch das Zusammenwirken der mechanischen und chemischen Komponente des Stiches ausgelöst. Die Arbeit ist durchgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft. Zu besonderem Dank bin ich für Förderung der Arbeit Herrn Professor Dr. K. Gößwald und Herrn Privat‐Dozenten Dr. W. Kloft verpflichtet. Summary EFFECTS OF PIERCING PLANTS‐CELLS BY APHIDS The result of puncturing plant‐cells by aphids was demonstrated as follows: The aphids, Myzus astralunicus Donc., were allowed to pierce detached bulb scales of Allium cepa , in green light, and were then anaesthetized with CO 2 . The stylets were then severed using iridectomy scissors (Fig, 1). The epidermis was dissected off, mounted on a slide and observed under a phase‐contrast microscope. The point of injection remained marked by the stylets which stuck in the epidermis. Intercellular and extracellular puncturing could be distinguished. It was possible to demonstrate a shortening of the time deplasmolysis in the cells lying close to the injection, and also an increase of streaming in the cell plasma. In cells which had been pierced directly, a saliva‐sheath was formed (Fig. 2 and 3). The extent of the effect of the saliva was studied using radioactive aphids. After these radioactive aphids had pierced the epidermis the part containing the stylets was mounted on a slide. This preparation was kept in the dark for 14 days, with a special film (Kodak, Scientific Plates, Auto radiographic) covering it. The film was developed and fixed, and a preparation was thus obtained with the developed film covering the epidermis. Darkened spots on the film showed the parts of the cells which had been made radioactive by the saliva. Very fine needles made by galvanic etching were also stuck into the cells, to demonstrate the mechanical effects of aphid punctures. This mechanical stimulus by needles only a few μ in diameter caused streaming in the cell plasma and a shortening of deplasmolysis time. It is clear that the importance of these mechanical effects must not be underestimated. The increased plasma‐streaming was apparently caused by ammo‐acids in aphid's saliva, and also by the amino‐acids produced from proteins when the cells were injured. K loft (1956) found 4 amino‐acids in the saliva of M. ascalonicus. The effect of these amino‐acids on deplasmolysis‐time is being examined, but as yet no effect has been detected. Finally, when fine glass‐capillaries are used to imitate piercing by plantsucking insects and when the glass‐capillaries contain amino‐acids, deplasmolysis‐time is reduced.
A New Synthesis of Cysteinyl Peptides<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of Cysteinyl Peptides1John C. Sheehan and Ding-Djung H. YangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 5, 1158–1164Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01538a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01538a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views693Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laboratory test and acoustic analysis of cabin treatment for propfan test assessment aircraft (1991)

An aircraft cabin acoustic enclosure, built in support of the Propfan Test Assessment (PTA) program, is described. Helmholtz resonators were attached to the cabin trim panels to increase the sidewall transmission loss (TL). Resonators (448) were located between the trim panels and fuselage shell. In addition, 152 resonators were placed between the enclosure and aircraft floors. The 600 resonators were each tuned to a 235 Hz resonance frequency. After flight testing on the PTA aircraft, the enclosure was tested in the Kelly Johnson R and D Center Acoustics Lab. Laboratory noise reduction (NR) test results are discussed. The enclosure was placed in a Gulfstream 2 fuselage section. Broadband (138 dB overall SPL) and tonal (149 dB overall SPL) excitations were used in the lab. Tonal excitation simulated the propfan flight test excitation. The fundamental tone was stepped in 2 Hz intervals from 225 through 245 Hz. The resonators increase the NR of the cabin walls around the resonance frequency of the resonator array. The effects of flanking, sidewall absorption, cabin adsorption, resonator loading of trim panels, and panel vibrations are presented. Increases in NR of up to 11 dB were measured.
Synthetic Customized scFv Libraries (2012)

Libraries of antibody fragments displayed on filamentous phages have proved their value to generate human antibodies against virtually any target. We describe here a simple protocol to make large and diverse libraries based on a single or few frameworks. Diversity is introduced in the third hypervariable loops using degenerate synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR assembly. Because all the antibody fragments isolated from the library will share their framework sequence, their stability and physical properties will be more consistent and customizable than when antibody fragments are isolated from a library prepared from human donors.
The promotory effect of growth hormone on the developmental competence of in vitro matured bovine oocytes is due to improved cytoplasmic maturation (1998)

In a previous study we have shown that the addition of growth hormone (GH) during in vitro maturation accelerates nuclear maturation, induces cumulus expansion, and promotes subsequent cleavage and embryonic development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the promotory effect of GH on subsequent cleavage and blastocyst formation is due to an improved fertilization and whether this effect is caused by an improved cytoplasmic maturation of the oocyte. Therefore, bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured for 22 hours in M199 supplemented with 100 ng/ml bovine GH (NIH-GH-B18). Subsequently the COCs were fertilized in vitro. Cultures without GH served as controls. To verify whether the promoted fertilization is caused by the effect of GH on cumulus expansion or oocyte maturation, cumulus cells were removed from the oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM) and denuded MII oocytes were selected and fertilized in vitro. Both IVM and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were performed at 39 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 in air. At 18 hours after the onset of fertilization, the nuclear stage of the oocytes was assessed using 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Oocytes with either an metaphase I (MI) or MII nuclear stage and without penetrated sperm head were considered unfertilized; oocytes with two pronuclei, zygotes, and cleaved embryos were considered normally fertilized; and oocytes with more than two pronuclei were considered polyspermic. To evaluate cytoplasmic maturation, the distribution of cortical granules 22 hours after the onset of IVM, and sperm aster formation 8 hours after the onset of fertilization were assessed. In addition, to assess the sperm-binding capacity, COCs were fertilized in vitro, and 1 hour after the onset of fertilization the number of spermatozoa bound to the oocytes was counted. The addition of GH during IVM significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the proportion of normal fertilized oocytes. Removal of the cumulus cells prior to fertilization and selection of the MII oocytes did not eliminate the positive effect of GH on fertilization. No effect of GH on the sperm-binding capacity of the oocyte was observed. In addition, GH supplementation during IVM significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the migration of cortical granules and sperm aster formation. It can be concluded that the promotory effect of GH on the developmental competence of the oocyte is due to a higher fertilization rate as a consequence of an improved cytoplasmic maturation.
HIV: Experiencing the Pressures of Modern Life (2005)

HIV/AIDS HIV, the wily virus that causes AIDS, is able to outwit any number of host immune defenses that it encounters during infection. However, as
 Nolan, James and Mallal
 discuss in their Perspective, there is increasing evidence that small pockets of individuals are relatively protected against HIV infection, and also experience less aggressive HIV disease progression, due to a fortuitous genetic barrier. The Perspective authors discuss the finding that a low copy number of the gene encoding CCL3L1, a ligand for CCR5 (the coreceptor that HIV must bind to for invasion of human T cells to proceed), can markedly alter HIV disease outcomes. The authors discuss the need to take into account genetic barriers like the CCR5-CCL3L1 network when developing vaccines against HIV.
Extended Object Tracking using a Radar Resolution Model (2012)

The work presented here concerns the problem of vehicle tracking when multiple radar reflection centers could be resolved on each vehicle. For this extended target tracking problem we propose a radar sensor model, capable of describing such measurements, incorporating sensor resolution. Furthermore, we introduce approximations to handle the inherently complex data association problem. The evaluation in terms of describing measured data and resulting tracking performance shows that the model effectively exploits the information in multiple vehicle detections.
Observation of Self-Phase Modulation and Small-Scale Filaments in Crystals and Glasses (1970)

Frequency broadening and small-scale filaments were observed in calcite, quartz, sodium chloride, and several glasses under picosecond pulse excitation. The physical mechanism responsible for these processes is the change in refractive index resulting from electronic distortion.
High Bandwidth, Large Workspace Haptic Interaction: Flying Phantoms (2008)

It is well understood that for haptic interaction: free motion performance and closed-loop constrained motion performance have conflicting requirements. The difficulties for both conditions are compounded when increased workspace is required as most solutions result in a reduction of achievable impedance and bandwidth. A method of chaining devices together to increase workspace without adverse effect on performance is described and analysed. The method is then applied to a prototype, colloquially known as 'The Flying Phantom', and shown to provide high- bandwidth, low impedance interaction over the full range of horizontal movement across the front of a human user.
Multivalent, Saccharide‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Fully Synthetic Analogs of Type A <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Antigens (2008)

Antigen analogs of polyclonal antibodies specific for type A Neisseria mengitidis are prepared by covering gold clusters (2–5 nm in size) with a monolayer of saccharides that have the structure of the repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of this bacterium. These systems may find use as synthetic antigens for immunostimulation.
Characterization of the surface topography and putative tertiary structure of the human CD7 molecule. (1989)

The CD7 gp40 molecule is a member of the Ig gene superfamily and is expressed on T cell precursors before their entry into the thymus during fetal development. N-terminal amino acids 1-107 of CD7 are highly homologous to Ig kappa-L chains whereas the carboxyl-terminal region of the extracellular domain of CD7 is proline-rich and has been postulated to form a stalk from which the Ig domain projects. To define potential functional regions of CD7, we have studied the surface topography of the CD7 Ag by synthesizing peptides corresponding to linear sequences within the CD7 extracellular domains, by raising polyclonal anti-CD7 rabbit sera against these peptides, and by computer analysis of the primary CD7 amino acid sequence. Polyclonal anti-CD7 sera were studied using indirect immunofluorescence, RIA, radioimmunoprecipitation, and Western blot assays. Computer analysis was performed comparing the CD7 sequence with all other known protein sequences. We found that three CD7 epitopes defined by peptides CD7-1A (AA 1-38), CD7-4 (AA 48-74), and CD7-7 (AA 129-146) were available for binding antibody on the surface of the CD7 molecule. Using computer analysis, we transposed the amino acid sequence of the CD7 Ig kappa-like N-terminal domain of CD7 onto the spatial coordinates of REI, a previously reported Ig kappa-molecule highly homologous (48%) to the CD7 N-terminal Ig-like region. Based on computer analysis of this putative CD7 three-dimensional structure, both the CD7-1A and CD7-4 regions protruded from the surface of the N-terminal domain of the CD7 molecule. Finally, comparison of the CD7 transmembrane sequence with CD4 and HIV transmembrane sequences and with respiratory syncytial virus fusion sequences demonstrated similar sequence motifs among these molecules.
Biodegradable internal fixation for malleolar fractures. A prospective randomised trial (1987)

Fifty-six patients with displaced malleolar fractures had open reduction and fixation of the fracture fragments using, by random selection, either biodegradable implants or metal AO plates and screws. The cylindrical biodegradable implants were made of polylactide-glycolide copolymer (polyglactin 910). The complications, radiographic results and functional recovery were studied prospectively. After follow-up of at least one year, no significant differences emerged in the complication rate or in the results of treatment between the two methods of fixation. Because of the advantage of avoiding the need to remove metal fixation after union, we now use biodegradable internal fixation routinely to treat displaced malleolar fractures.
Changing the narrative: Shoalhaven year 12 indigenous graduation ceremony 10 years on (2012)

We examined the effect of various polyether antibiotics on colchicine resistance in multidrug-resistant KB-C4 cells which exhibit about 4,000-fold resistance to colchicine. As a result, 4 out of 14 polyether antibiotics were found to reverse colchicine resistance. Among them, laidlomycin was the most potent. It potentiated colchicine cytotoxicity on KB-C4 cells about 700-fold at 1 microgram/ml. Degree of potentiation was calculated by dividing of the IC50 value of colchicine in the absence of a polyether antibiotic by the IC50 value of colchicine in the presence of the polyether antibiotic. Monensin, dianemycin, and leuseramycin at 3 micrograms/ml also potentiated the cytotoxicity, about 100-fold. We previously reported that inostamycin is a potent chemosensitizer in KB-C4 cells. Although lysocellin has a structure very similar to that of inostamycin, it didn't reverse colchicine resistance. It slightly increased [3H]vinblastine accumulation in KB-C4 cells and weakly inhibited the [3H]vinblastine binding to KB-C4 plasma membranes.
Fabrication of electron-beam microcolumn aligned by scanning tunneling microscope (1997)

Performance of a low-energy electron beam was tested in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) aligned field-emission microcolumn system made by using silicon microfabricated electrostatic lenses. The system consists of a STM aligned field emitter, an extractor, an accelerator, a beam dump, a quadrupole deflector, and an einzel lens. The beam current of 1 nA with a diameter of ∼0.2 μm was observed when a sample was placed less than 2 mm away from the exiting einzel lens.
Model-Checking Pushdown Systems (2002)

The thesis investigates an approach to automated software verification based on pushdown systems. Pushdown systems are, roughly speaking, transition systems whose states include a stack of unbounded length; there is a natural correspondence between them and the execution sequences of programs with (possibly recursive) subroutines. The thesis examines model-checking problems for pushdown systems, improving previously known algorithms in terms of both asymptotic complexity and practical usability. The improved algorithms are used in a tool called Moped. The tool acts as a model-checker for linear-time logic (LTL) on pushdown systems. Two different symbolic techniques are combined to make the model-checking feasible: automata-based techniques are used to handle infinities raised by a program's control, and Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) to combat the state explosion raised by its data. It is shown how the resulting system can be used to verify properties of algorithms with recursive procedures by means of several examples. The checker has also been used on automatically derived abstractions of some large C programs. Moreover, the thesis investigates several optimizations which served to improve the efficiency of the checker.
Polyethylene sockets and alumina ceramic heads in cemented total hip arthroplasty. A ten-year study (1995)

From 1981 to 1983, we implanted Bioceram type-4 and type-5 prostheses in 61 hips in 54 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular dysplasia, congenital subluxation, or congenital dislocation of the hip. Fifty-seven hips in 50 patients were followed for a mean of 11.1 years (10 to 13). The mean age of the patients at operation was 53 years (31 to 70). Functional evaluation using the Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip score showed a 77% success rate. Radiological loosening occurred in three femoral (5%) and 16 acetabular components (28%). Autologous femoral head grafts were used in 18 hips and became incorporated, giving mechanical support to the socket except for one which occupied a large weight-bearing area and eventually collapsed. The mean polyethylene wear was 1.1 mm (0 to 3.6) and the mean wear rate was 0.10 mm/year (0 to 0.31). A high rate of wear correlated with calcar resorption (p > 0.002) but not with acetabular loosening. There was no breakage of a ceramic head. Study of the ceramic heads and polyethylene sockets retrieved after ten years showed excellent surface roughness, sphericity, and bending strength for the heads but scratches and voids were seen on the sockets.