gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-uniformity solar concentrators for photovoltaic systems (2001)

Advances in Photovoltaic technology using multijunction cells allow sunlight-to-electrical energy conversion efficiencies of 25 percent with the potential of reaching 30 percent. The main drawback with these cells is their high cost. By using a concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) solar collector, the area/cost of the cells relative to the total system area/cost can be reduced substantially. The design of CPV systems has one constraint not found in standard thermal solar concentrators, namely the target is square and the irradiance uniformity goal is very tight. A novel two-stage solar collector system designed for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is presented here. By tailoring the radial profile of the primary mirror that is slightly non-parabolic and using a straight square tube secondary, designs for concentrations between 100-2,000 suns can achieve uniformity under 3 percent and greater than 95 percent efficiencies. A design using a non-rotationally symmetric primary design is also presented, which reduces the problems with shading by spiders that attach the secondary to the primary mirror.
Characterization of late gene promoters of Chlamydia trachomatis (1995)

Chlamydiae possess an intracellular developmental cycle defined by the orderly interconversion of infectious, metabolically inactive elementary bodies and noninfectious, dividing reticulate bodies. Only a few stage-specific genes have been cloned and sequenced, including the late-stage cysteine-rich protein operon and two late-stage genes encoding histone-like proteins. The aims of this study were to identify additional late-stage genes of Chlamydia trachomatis, analyze the upstream DNA sequence of late genes, and determine the sigma factor requirement of late genes. Stage-specific RNA, made by chlamydiae isolated from host cells, was used to probe C. trachomatis genomic libraries. Two new late genes, designated ltuA and ltuB, were identified, cloned, and sequenced. The predicted peptides encoded by ltuA and ltuB do not bear strong homology to known proteins, and the function of the new late genes is not known. The 5' ends of the transcripts of ltuA, ltuB, the cysteine-rich protein operon, and the two histone-like genes (hctA and hctB) were mapped, and a consensus -10 promoter region of TATAAT was derived from their upstream DNA sequences. In vitro transcription from templates encoding the promoter regions of ltuA, ltuB, and hctA cloned into the transcription assay vector pUC19-spf was found to be strongly stimulated by the addition of recombinant chlamydial sigma 66, while transcription from the putative hctB promoter region cloned in pUC19-spf was not detected in either the presence or absence of added sigma 66. These results suggest that the transcription of at least some chlamydial late-stage genes is dependent on sigma 66, which is homologous to the major sigma factors of other eubacteria.
Intense Supercontinuum Generation in Condensed Media (2015)

Employing multiple thin plates instead of a bulk material mitigates large material dispersion and suppresses destructive effects to permit using peak powers up to 1000 times the self-focusing critical power in high-power supercontinuum generation.
Role of resistin in obesity, insulin resistance and Type II diabetes (2005)

Resistin is a member of a class of cysteine-rich proteins collectively termed resistin-like molecules. Resistin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated insulin resistance and T2DM (Type II diabetes mellitus), at least in rodent models. In addition, resistin also appears to be a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Taken together, resistin, like many other adipocytokines, may possess a dual role in contributing to disease risk. However, to date there has been considerable controversy surrounding this 12.5 kDa polypeptide in understanding its physiological relevance in both human and rodent systems. Furthermore, this has led some to question whether resistin represents an important pathogenic factor in the aetiology of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Although researchers still remain divided as to the role of resistin, this review will place available data on resistin in the context of our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated diabetes, and discuss key controversies and developments.
Using cooperative multiple paths to reduce file download latency in cellular data networks (2005)

Current cellular data networks provide relatively low throughput, which results in long delays when downloading large files. We propose a cooperative parallel file downloading scheme to reduce latency in cellular data networks. Mobile nodes form a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) via their IEEE 802.11-based links to share their cellular link capacity. A file is split into pieces and downloaded simultaneously by the client and several neighbor nodes that act as relay proxies. The proxies then use the MANET to forward packets to the client. Thus, the client uses multiple paths for parallel downloading. No special hardware or modifications on the base stations are needed. An on-demand proxy discovery algorithm is proposed for fast and efficient proxy discovery. Experimental and simulation results show that cooperative parallel file downloading may significantly improve cellular network utilization and file download performance.
Identification of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> via Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometric Approaches (2012)

Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied to compile a large-scale database of Raman spectra of single Bacillus endospores and to calculate classification functions, which were trained to discriminate between endospores of 66 strains from 13 Bacillus and Bacillus-related species including B. anthracis. The developed two-stage classification system comprising two support vector machines and one linear discriminant analysis classifier was then challenged by a test set of 27 samples to simulate the case of a real-world-scenario, when "unknown samples" are to be identified. In the end, all 27 test set samples including six B. anthracis strains were identified correctly. The samples thereby covered a diverse selection of species within the phylogenetically broad Bacillus genus and also included strains, which were not incorporated in the database before. All of them were correctly identified on the species level with accuracies between 88 and 100%. The sample analysis itself requires no biomass enrichment step prior to the analysis and qualifies the presented Raman spectroscopic approach to be a rapid analysis system in term of Bacillus endospore typing.
Multimedia Communication and Scalable Video Coding (2011)

Scalable video coding (SVC) is the extension of the H.264/AVC standard. Because of the variety of video transmission systems, storage systems and computing capabilities, video bit stream need to adapt the various needs of different terminals and network conditions, while SVC is a highly attractive solution to the problems above, it provides network-friendly scalability at a bit stream level with a moderate increase in decoder complexity relative to single layer H.264/AVC. This paper first gives an overview presenting the main functionalities of SVC, then introduces the principles and key technologies: temporal down-sampling, coding with hierarchical B frames, and inter-layer prediction. Finally, the paper provides a performance analysis of SVC based on JSVM9.18. For reference, we compare two types of scalability by doing experiments, the results can be important references in practical application.
Optimizing frequency compensation in chopper offset-stabilized amplifiers with symmetrical RC notch filters (2015)

The paper presents three approaches for frequency compensation in chopper offset-stabilized amplifiers with symmetrical passive RC notch filter with two cutoff frequencies. The filter has two cutoff frequencies: the chopping frequency itself and the fifth harmonic of the chopping frequency. The frequency compensation network is connected either at the input of the notch filter, or at its output, or between its two sections. The large signal transient response is evaluated in terms of the overshoot/undershoot and the settling time. Three circuits using these techniques were fabricated and evaluated. The approach that uses the frequency compensation network connected between the sections of the filter has the best results, except for the chopping ripple rejection.
Clinical course during the first 10 years of ulcerative colitis: results from a population-based inception cohort (IBSEN Study) (2008)

The prognosis for UC during the first 10 years was generally good. The colectomy rate was low, and a large proportion of patients were in remission as time progressed. Patients with initially extensive colitis and elevated ESR could benefit from an early potent medical treatment strategy.
全科医学中的心理健康病案研究（四）——糖尿病患者的并发症 (2013)

随着人口老龄化，糖尿病已经成为主要影响中老年人健康的主要疾病。对糖尿病的管理包括对其各种并发症的管理，Murtagh教授在本期和大家讨论了糖尿病的两个并发症——周围血管病变和周期性短暂性脑缺血发作的病案管理。
A scheduling algorithm for QoS support in IEEE802.11 networks (2003)

This article presents a scheduling algorithm for the IEEE 802.11e hybrid coordination function under definition by the IEEE 802.11e task group. HCF can be used to provide IP quality of service guarantees in IEEE802.11e infrastructure WLANs. The enhanced distributed coordination function is mainly used for data transmission without QoS guarantees, but can also be used to decrease the transmission delay of QoS-sensitive traffic. Scheduling of queued packets follows a delay-earliest-due-date algorithm. The proposed algorithm is compatible with the link adaptation mechanisms implemented in commercial WLANs, as it limits the amount of time during which the stations control the wireless medium. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through computer simulation and compared with the reference scheduler presented by the IEEE 802.11e task group.
Normotensive Salt Sensitivity (1999)

-Normotensive salt sensitivity, a putative precursor of hypertension, might be quite frequent in African Americans (blacks) and less frequent in Caucasian Americans (whites), but only when dietary potassium is deficient and not when maintained well within the normal range. We tested this hypothesis in 41 metabolically controlled studies of 38 healthy normotensive men (24 blacks, 14 whites) who ate a basal diet low in sodium (15 mmol/d) and marginally deficient in potassium (30 mmol/d) for 6 weeks. Throughout the last 4 weeks, NaCl was loaded (250 mmol/d); throughout the last 3, potassium was supplemented (as potassium bicarbonate) to either mid- or high-normal levels, 70 and 120 mmol/d. Salt sensitivity, defined as an increase in mean arterial blood pressure >/=3 mm Hg with salt loading, was deemed "moderate" if increasing </=10 mm Hg and "severe" if increasing more. When dietary potassium was 30 mmol/d, salt loading induced a mean increase in blood pressure only in blacks (P<0.001), and salt sensitivity occurred in most blacks but not whites (79% vs 36% (P<0.02). Supplementing potassium only to 70 mmol/d attenuated moderate salt sensitivity similarly in blacks and whites; 120 mmol/d abolished it, attenuated severe salt sensitivity, which occurred in a quarter of affected blacks, and suppressed the frequency and severity of salt sensitivity in blacks to levels similar to those observed in whites. These observations demonstrate that in most normotensive black men but not white men, salt sensitivity occurs when dietary potassium is even marginally deficient but is dose-dependently suppressed when dietary potassium is increased within its normal range. Such suppression might prevent or delay the occurrence of hypertension, particularly in the many blacks, in whom dietary potassium is deficient.
Homopolymerizations of α-Olefins with Diastereomeric Metallocene/MAO Catalysts (2000)

1-Butene and 1-pentene were polymerized with three different metallocenes: dimethylsilylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl)zirconium dichloride [Me2Si(2-Me-4,5-BzoInd)2ZrCl2] (1), dimethylsilylbis(2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride [Me2Si(2-Me-4-PhInd)2ZrCl2] (2), and dimethylsilylbis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride [Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2] (3). The polymerizations were conducted with the rac-isomers of the metallocenes and mixtures of the rac- and meso-systems for 1 and 2 and with the meso-form of catalyst 3 combined with MAO. It was shown that the activities in the polymerization of the α-olefins of the meso-isomers of 1 and 2 were much higher than those of the rac-metallocenes, while a vice versa behavior is observed for catalyst 3. Additionally, reaction profiles of 1 and 2 were recorded which underline that the stability of their meso-compounds is much higher than that of the rac-systems for the polymerization of the investigated monomers.
Parallel Lossless Data Compression Based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (2007)

In this paper, we present parallel algorithms for lossless data compression based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) block-sorting technique. We investigate the performance of using data parallelism and task parallelism for both multi-threaded and message-passing programming. The output produced by the parallel algorithms is fully compatible with their sequential counterparts. To balance the workload among processors we develop a task scheduling strategy. An extensive set of experiments is performed with a shared memory NUMA system using up to 120 processors and on a distributed memory cluster using up to 100 processors. Our experimental results show that significant speedup can be achieved with both data parallel and task parallel methodologies. These algorithms will greatly reduce the amount of time it takes to compress large amounts of data while the compressed data remains in a form that users without access to multiple processor systems can still use.
Structure and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Exceptionally Stable Synthetic DNA Hairpins with Stilbenediether Linkers (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationStructure and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Exceptionally Stable Synthetic DNA Hairpins with Stilbenediether LinkersFrederick D. Lewis, Xiaoyang Liu, Yangsheng Wu, Scott E. Miller, Michael R. Wasielewski, Robert L. Letsinger, Ruslan Sanishvili, Andrzej Joachimiak, Valentina Tereshko, and Martin EgliView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry and The Drug Discovery Program Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 42, 9905–9906Publication Date (Web):October 13, 1999Publication History Received10 June 1999Published online13 October 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991934uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991934urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conjugate acid-base pairs,Crystal structure,Fluorescence,Genetics,Phytochemistry Get e-Alerts
A comparison of olanzapine with haloperidol in cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (1999)

Little controlled data exist on the treatment of substance induced psychotic disorders. In this study, 30 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for cannabis induced psychotic disorder were randomly allocated to receive either olanzapine or haloperidol in a 4-week double-blind clinical trial. There were no significant outcome differences between the two groups on any of the primary outcome measures, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (haloperidol 25.7; olanzapine 27.1; P = 0.70); Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scale (haloperidol 1.8, olanzapine 2.3; P = 0.21) or the CGI improvement scale (haloperidol 1.3, olanzapine 1.7; P = 0.16). The haloperidol group however, developed significantly more extrapyramidal side-effects as measured by the Simpson Angus Scale (haloperidol 11.4, olanzapine 2.5; P = 0.014). Significantly (P = 0.027) more biperidin was used for extrapyramidal side-effects in the haloperidol (7.143 mg) than in the olanzapine (0.357 mg) group. Olanzapine appears to be as effective as haloperidol in the treatment of cannabis induced psychotic disorder, but is associated with a lower rate of extrapyramidal side-effects. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 14:177–180 © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
On Hammer's X-Ray Problem (1980)

Suppose that two distinct convex bodies in E″ have the same Steiner symmetrals in a number of hyperplanes whose normals lie in a plane. Then the directions of these normals are linearly equivalent to a subset of directions of diagonals of a regular polygon. In particular Steiner symmetrals in some four fixed hyperplanes will distinguish between distinct convex bodies.
Purification and Properties of Potato 1,4‐α‐<scp>d</scp>‐Glucan: 1,4‐α‐<scp>d</scp>‐Glucan 6‐α‐(1,4‐α‐Glucano)‐Transferase (1975)

Q‐Enzyme, the enzyme that synthesizes the 1,6‐α‐glucosidic branch linkages of amylopectin, has been purified from potato to near homogeneity. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 85000. The active enzyme is a monomer, with a molar activity at pH 7.0 and 24 °C of 15. The energy of activation is 25 kJ/mol below 15 °C, changing sharply to 63 kJ/mol above that temperature. Enzyme activity is not affected by Mg 2+ or ATP. There are about 11 readily titratable sulfhydryl groups per molecule. The evidence that the enzyme is a single protein entity, without hydrolytic activity towards amylose, contrasts with an earlier report that Q‐enzyme consists of two components, a hydrolase with molecular weight 70000, and a transferase with molecular weight 20000. Q‐Enzyme acts on native and synthetic amyloses to give products resembling amylopectin in terms of average unit chain length, degree of β‐amylolysis and iodine stain. The profiles of the unit chains of these synthetic products are, however, different from that of native amylopectin. Additional branch linkages are introduced by Q‐enzyme into potato amylopectin, but the product bears no resemblance to phytoglycogen.
Aging changes in lipofuscin, lysosomes and melanin in the macular area of human retina and choroid. (1989)

Biochemical examination was carried out on the lipofuscin content, lysosomal enzyme activities and melanin level in the retina and choroid of normal human eyes. Lipofuscin content, expressed as fluorescence intensity, in the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid was two-to-three fold higher than that in other areas, and increased with aging. High activities of lysosomal enzymes in the macular area were found, but did not change with aging. Melanin level was two-to-three fold higher in the macular RPE and choroid than in other areas, and showed no alteration with aging.
PKM2 released by neutrophils at wound site facilitates early wound healing by promoting angiogenesis (2016)

Neutrophils infiltration/activation following wound induction marks the early inflammatory response in wound repair. However, the role of the infiltrated/activated neutrophils in tissue regeneration/proliferation during wound repair is not well understood. Here, we report that infiltrated/activated neutrophils at wound site release pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) by its secretive mechanisms during early stages of wound repair. The released extracellular PKM2 facilitates early wound healing by promoting angiogenesis at wound site. Our studies reveal a new and important molecular linker between the early inflammatory response and proliferation phase in tissue repair process.
Protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 mediate thrombin signaling in endothelial cells (2003)

Defining the relative importance of protease-activated receptors (PARs) for thrombin signaling in mouse endothelial cells is critical for a basic understanding of thrombin signaling in these cells and for the rational use of knockout mice to probe the roles of thrombin's actions on endothelial cells in vivo. We examined thrombin- and PAR agonist-induced increases in cytoplasmic calcium, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and gene expression in endothelial cells from wild-type and PAR-deficient mice. PAR1 and PAR4 agonists triggered responses in wild-type but not in Par1-/- and Par4-/- endothelial cells, respectively. Calcium imaging confirmed that a substantial fraction of individual endothelial cells responded to both agonists. Compared with wild-type cells, Par1-/- endothelial cells showed markedly decreased responses to low concentrations of thrombin, and cells that lacked both PAR1 and PAR4 showed no responses to even high concentrations of thrombin. Similar results were obtained when endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation of freshly isolated mouse aorta was used as an index of signaling in native endothelial cells. Thus PAR1 is the major thrombin receptor in mouse endothelial cells, but PAR4 also contributes. These receptors serve at least partially redundant roles in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and together are necessary for the thrombin responses measured.
Partial Separation and Characterization of Papaya Endo‐ and Exo‐Polygalacturonase (1982)

ABSTRACT Exo‐ and endo‐polygalacturonases (EC 3.2.1.40 and EC 3.2.1.15) in papayas were extracted, purified 20‐ and 90‐fold, respectively, and characterized. Both enzymes functioned optimally at pH 4.6 and 45°C. Heat inactivation of the papaya PGases was biphasic and both phases followed first order kinetics. Decreasing the pH from 4.6 to 3.6 decreased the time required for their heat inactivation. The activation energies for the thermal inactivation at pH 3.6 and 4.6 were 85 and 92 kcal/mol, respectively, for endo‐PGase (PG I) and 140 and 102 kcal/mol, respectively, for exo‐PGase (PG II). The apparent molecular weight was determined by gel filtration to be 164,000 daltons for PG I and 34,000 daltons for PG II.
An audio-video summarization scheme based on audio and video analysis (2006)

The availability of video files in the Internet is growing at an exceptional speed and in the near future video browsing will be a common activity. To facilitate such activity it will be necessary to have a small clip for any given video. Currently, video skimming and video summarization techniques can reduce the temporal representation of a given video. However, most of these techniques do not include audio in the produced summaries. Here, we propose a mechanism that, using audio and video analysis, produces video summaries coupled with intelligible audio. Experimental results show that the summaries are largely reduced (up to 50%) and that the perceived video quality may be comparable to the one of the original video (in term of jerkiness). Consumers satisfaction has been investigated through MOS and results show that our summaries can be considered as an alternative to the original videos.