gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcripts encoding an oleosin and a dormancy‐related protein are present in both the aleurone layer and the embryo of developing barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) seeds (1994)

In cereal seeds, the aleurone layer and the embryo share several characteristics, including synthesis and accumulation of lipid bodies, desiccation tolerance and dormancy. A number of Balem transcripts present in both the barley aleurone layer and the embryo have been cloned by differential screening of a cDNA library from aleurone layers of immature barley grains. The Balem clones constitute two subgroups, one for which the transcripts are detectable in aleurone layers and embryos of developing seeds only (B23D and B15C), and another for which transcripts are present also in germinating embryos and in maternal tissues (B12D, B14E and B31E). Sequence analysis identified B23D and B15C as the barley homologues of the 18 kDa oleosin of maize embryos (72% amino acid identity) and the dormancy-associated transcript pBS128 from Bromus secalinus (95% identity), respectively. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that in the embryo, the B23D transcript is mainly present in the scutellum, whereas the B15C transcript is predominantly present in shoot and root apices. Using anther-derived embryos and embryogenic cell suspensions, it is demonstrated that the B23D and B15C transcripts can be used as molecular markers for somatic embryogenesis. The functions of the transcripts in the second Balem subgroup remain unknown. Further studies on the Balem transcripts may shed light on the molecular basis for the extensive similarities between the embryo and the aleurone layer of the endosperm in the grass family.
Selective cancer-germline gene expression in pediatric brain tumors (2008)

Cancer-germline genes (CGGs) code for immunogenic antigens that are present in various human tumors and can be targeted by immunotherapy. Their expression has been studied in a wide range of human tumors in adults. We measured the expression of 12 CGGs in pediatric brain tumors, to identify targets for therapeutic cancer vaccines. Real Time PCR was used to quantify the expression of genes MAGE-A1, MAGE-A2, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A6, MAGE-A10, MAGE-A12, MAGE-C2, NY-ESO-1 and GAGE-1,2,8 in 50 pediatric brain tumors of different histological subtypes. Protein expression was examined with immunohistochemistry. Fifty-five percent of the medulloblastomas (n = 11), 86% of the ependymomas (n = 7), 40% of the choroid plexus tumors (n = 5) and 67% of astrocytic tumors (n = 27) expressed one or more CGGs. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed qPCR results. With exception of a minority of tumors, the overall level of CGG expression in pediatric brain tumors was low. We observed a high expression of at least one CGG in 32% of the samples. CGG-encoded antigens are therefore suitable targets in a very selected group of pediatric patients with a brain tumor. Interestingly, glioblastomas from adult patients expressed CGGs more often and at significantly higher levels compared to pediatric glioblastomas. This observation is in line with the notion that pediatric and adult glioblastomas develop along different genetic pathways.
CpG DNA-mediated immune response in pulmonary endothelial cells (2004)

Although the CpG DNA immune response mediated by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been extensively studied in a number of immune cells, the response to CpG DNA in endothelial cells (EC) is not well understood. In this study, we show that both mouse and rat lung EC display constitutive expression of TLR9 mRNA. Exposure to CpG DNA induced a potent proinflammatory response as manifested by an increased expression of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in mouse pulmonary EC. The proinflammatory response was sensitive to chloroquine, consistent with a role of endosomal contribution. A role for p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB pathway was apparent as the response was sensitive to inhibitors of p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB but was not affected by inhibitors of ERK1/2. A synergistic effect of CpG DNA and LPS on the inflammatory response is consistent with multiple TLR interaction in EC. This study suggests a possible role for CpG DNA-mediated EC immune response in the host defense system. It also has important implications in plasmid DNA-mediated pulmonary endothelium gene transfer.
Shipboard interior communication needs for men-on-the-move (1969)

The use of walkie-talkie radios to supplement fixed wire interior communications systems on ships is discussed. Electrical and acoustical noise interference problems were studied on replenishment ships, and the use of FM at VHF together with noiseproofed acoustic transducers was found necessary for many operations and/or for men in certain locations. RF signal penetration tests showed VHF to be superior to HF for reliable communications between certain interior spaces and the weather decks. In some cases antennas with coaxial lead-ins had to be provided to maintain adequate communications. These and many other problems were found to exist when alternate interim solutions to a man-on-the-move communication (MOMCOM) problem were tried on the U.S.S. Mars (AFS-1). In addition to finding a workable interim system, many problems and some answers were uncovered that will lead to a better integrated MOMCOM system for future ships.
Mesenchymal stem cells for treating ocular surface diseases (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have become a promising tool for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. They are readily available, demonstrate powerful differentiation capabilities and present immunosuppressive properties that aid them in surviving from host immune rejection for its great potential use in allograft. Currently clinical trials are underway using MSC, both culture-expanded allogeneic and autologous, for the treatment of a range of diseases not treatable by conventional therapies. A vast array of studies has dedicated towards the use of MSC for treating corneal diseases with very promising outcomes. MSC have successfully differentiated into keratocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and corneal epithelial cells in vitro, but it is uncertain if MSC can assume corneal epithelial cells in vivo. However, to date few studies have unequivocally established the efficacy of MSC for treating corneal endothelial defects. Currently, the diversity in protocols of the isolation and expansion of MSC are hindering to the assessment of cell treatment ability and the further development of treatment regimens. Therefore, future studies should develop international standards for MSC isolation and characterization. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MSC for treating ocular surface diseases.
Microscale Gas Chromatography with Microsensor Array Detection: Challenges and Prospects (2017)

The capability to analyze complex mixtures of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations; in situ; has implications for environmental monitoring; worker exposure assessment; biomedical diagnostics; and population security. Since standalone microsensor arrays lack this capability; upstream separation of mixture components; often preceded by preconcentration; is required. Although significant advances have been made via MEMS technologies in the development of microscale gas chromatographic (μGC) systems; many challenges remain. This presentation will review selected aspects of the state-of-the-art in μGC for VOC mixture analysis. Here; we emphasize our progress toward a wearable μGC prototype.
Transcatheter Valve Repair and Replacement (2008)

There is significant interest in developing transcatheter therapy for valvular heart disease (VHD). Numerous devices have been developed for the percutaneous treatment of pulmonary and aortic stenosis as well as mitral regurgitation. Several of these devices have progressed to randomized clinical trials. These ongoing trials for aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation will provide important insights into the durability of these therapies as well as the results following standard surgical repair. The field of transcatheter valve therapy is rapidly evolving, and this review aims to summarize the current status of the field.
Elevation of Serum Carotenoids after Continual Ingestion of Tomato Juice. (1994)

トマトジュースの連続飲用による血清中のカロテノイドの濃度の変化を調べた。また同時に飲用による血清中のコレステロール濃度の変化も調べた。65名の被験者を1日1本, 2本, 3本のトマトジュース飲用区と対照のリンゴジュース1本の飲用区の4区分に分け, 連続4週間の摂取を行った。1) リコペン濃度は飲用本数の増加に従い有意に増加し, 2本以上の区分では飲用後の飲用前に対する血清中濃度は3倍以上となった。2) β-カロテンは, トマトジュース中の含有量はリコペン量の約1/30であるにもかかわらず, 血清中において有意な増加を示し, 3本の区分では飲用後の飲用前に対する血清中濃度は約2倍近くとなった。以上の結果より, トマトジュースの飲用は血清中のリコペンとβ-カロテンの濃度上昇に有効であることが明らかとなった。3) トマトジュース中のリコペンはall-trans型がほとんどであるのに対して, 飲用後の血清中ではcis型の増加も見られたことから, 体内ではリコペンの異性化起きていることが示唆された。4) いずれの試験区においても, 血清中のLDL-コステロールをはじめとする脂質の増加は見られず, トマトジュースの飲用によるカロテノイドの血清中の濃度上昇は, 血清脂質濃度の上昇を促さないと考えられた。
Cyclin D1 and Cdk4 Protein Induction in Motor Neurons After Transient Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rabbits (2000)

These results indicate that induction of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 may be implicated in programmed cell death change after transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.
A dual planar reflectarray with synthesized phase and amplitude distribution (2005)

A quasi-planar reflector arrangement for generating an arbitrary phase and amplitude distribution in the antenna aperture and thus a wide range of far field patterns is presented. A parallel pair of reflectarrays is used. One is implemented as a standard reflectarray using rectangular patches on a microwave substrate with metallized backside. The other reflectarray is provided with a polarizing grid, which acts as a ground plane for one polarization and is transparent for the orthogonal polarization. An offset rectangular feed horn is embedded in the lower reflectarray to illuminate the upper reflector. A design procedure for a linear polarized antenna with a sector beam in the azimuth and a narrow beam width in the elevation is presented and is verified with measurement results.
Aminoguanidine selectively inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (1993)

1. Endotoxin induces nitric oxide synthase in vascular tissue, including rat main pulmonary artery. Currently available agents that cause inhibition of nitric oxide synthase are relatively non-selective between the constitutive and inducible forms of the enzyme. 2. Aminoguanidine caused a dose-dependent increase in phenylephrine-induced tension in intact and endothelium-denuded pulmonary artery rings from endotoxin-treated rats, but had no effect on sham-treated controls. 3. Contraction caused by aminoguanidine in endothelium-denuded vessels from endotoxin-treated rats was unaffected by indomethacin (10 microM), and by cimetidine and mepyramine (both 10 microM), excluding an effect of aminoguanidine mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites or histamine. 4. Contraction caused by aminoguanidine in endothelium-denuded vessels from endotoxin-treated rats was abolished by L-arginine (2 mM) and L-NG-monomethyl arginine (300 microM), but unaffected by D-arginine and D-NG-monomethyl arginine, suggesting that its action is mediated by the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. 5. Aminoguanidine had no effect on acetylcholine-induced relaxation of intact vessels from shamtreated rats. However, relaxation of artery rings from endotoxin-treated rats by L-arginine was competitively inhibited by aminoguanidine.6. These results in isolated main pulmonary arteries of the rat confirm previous reports that aminoguanidine is a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Anti‐hepatitis C virus compounds obtained from <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensi</i>s and other <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> species (2014)

Development of complementary and/or alternative drugs for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still much needed from clinical and economic points of view. Antiviral substances obtained from medicinal plants are potentially good targets to study. Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra have been commonly used in both traditional and modern medicine. In this study, extracts of G. uralensis roots and their components were examined for anti-HCV activity using an HCV cell culture system. It was found that a methanol extract of G. uralensis roots and its chloroform fraction possess anti-HCV activity with 50%-inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of 20.0 and 8.0 μg/mL, respectively. Through bioactivity-guided purification and structural analysis, glycycoumarin, glycyrin, glycyrol and liquiritigenin were isolated and identified as anti-HCV compounds, their IC(50) being 8.8, 7.2, 4.6 and 16.4 μg/mL, respectively. However, glycyrrhizin, the major constituent of G. uralensis, and its monoammonium salt, showed only marginal anti-HCV activity. It was also found that licochalcone A and glabridin, known to be exclusive constituents of G. inflata and G. glabra, respectively, did have anti-HCV activity, their IC(50) being 2.5 and 6.2 μg/mL, respectively. Another chalcone, isoliquiritigenin, also showed anti-HCV activity, with an IC(50) of 3.7 μg/mL. Time-of-addition analysis revealed that all Glycyrrhiza-derived anti-HCV compounds tested in this study act at the post-entry step. In conclusion, the present results suggest that glycycoumarin, glycyrin, glycyrol and liquiritigenin isolated from G. uralensis, as well as isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A and glabridin, would be good candidates for seed compounds to develop antivirals against HCV.
Short-term growth during treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate. (1993)

Short-term lower leg growth was investigated with twice weekly knemometry measurements in 19 schoolchildren with mild asthma during treatment with daily doses of 200 micrograms fluticasone propionate, 400 micrograms, and 800 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate from a dry powder inhaler. The design was a randomised, double blind, crossover trial. After a run in period of four days (period 1) the children were allocated to a sequence of active treatments in periods 2, 4, and 6. In periods 3 and 5 (wash out) placebo was given. All periods except the run in were two weeks long. The mean lower leg growth velocities during the wash out periods were 0.61 and 0.80 mm/week. Mean growth velocities during treatment with fluticasone propionate and low and high doses of beclomethasone dipropionate were 0.34, 0.09, and 0.06 mm/week respectively. Compared with fluticasone propionate, treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate 400 and 800 micrograms/day was associated with a statistically significant reduction in growth velocity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic Acid via 2‐(2′,2′,2′‐Trichloro)ethylidene‐3‐oxo‐3‐(2′′‐chlorophenyl)propionate. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Loloatin B, a Cyclic Decapeptide Antibiotic Produced in Culture by a Tropical Marine Bacterium. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Symbolic dynamics and Markov partitions (1998)

The decimal expansion of real numbers, familiar to us all, has a dramatic generalization to representation of dynamical system orbits by symbolic sequences. The natural way to associate a symbolic sequence with an orbit is to track its history through a partition. But in order to get a useful symbolism, one needs to construct a partition with special properties. In this work we develop a general theory of representing dynamical systems by symbolic systems by means of so-called Markov partitions. We apply the results to one of the more tractable examples: namely, hyperbolic automorphisms of the two dimensional torus. While there are some results in higher dimensions, this area remains a fertile one for research.
Does faith give you better health (2014)

A recent book by Rodney Stark, a renowned sociologist of religion in the United States of America, America's Blessings, argued that church attenders, on average, have an expectation of 7.6 years of life longer when they are 20 years of age than do non-church attenders (Stark 2012, loc. 1554). He argues that part of it is due to the 'clean living' of religious people. However, over and above that, he maintains religion contributes to lower blood pressure. In addition, he quotes another large study which found that church attenders were less likely than non-churchattenders to have strokes. The major reasons, the book suggests, for these positive relationships are the fact that religion allays anxiety and tensions, loneliness and depression, and that it provides social support (Stark 2012, loc 1575). The data from a survey of public health which is part of the International Social Survey Program allows us to make some examination of the relationship between religious faith and health among Australians.
Infrared optical sensors for water quality monitoring (2003)

In-situ monitoring of water quality with particular emphasis on organic pollutants is a global priority topic in water analysis. Recent developments in optical sensor technology provide advanced analytical tools for continuous assessment of pollution levels in the liquid phase and in the gas phase. Infrared sensing schemes are among the most promising concepts due to inherent molecular specificity provided by absorption patterns of fundamental molecular vibrations of organic molecules. The advent of mid-infrared transparent optical fibers and waveguides, appropriate light source technology, such as quantum cascade lasers, and the potential for the development of highly integrated analytical devices based on microfabrication technology substantiates the trend towards spectroscopic sensing techniques. Chemical modification of the waveguide surface leads to enhanced analyte recognition based on tunable properties of enrichment or (bio)chemical recognition layers. Discussion of fundamental sensing technology is complemented by recent examples, highlighting the state-of-the-art in this dynamic research field.
Oral acute and chronic toxicity studies of β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin in mice and rats (2017)

β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin is a major active chemical component extracted from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits strong antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its potential toxicity has not been rigorously studied. To confirm its safety, the oral toxicity of β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin was evaluated in vivo. An acute oral toxicity study in mice demonstrated that β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin was practically nontoxic based on its high median lethal dose (LD50 > 10 g/kg). No deaths or abnormal responses were observed in the acute toxicity test using Wistar rats, suggesting that the maximum tolerated dose of β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin was greater than 10 g/kg. Chronic toxicity studies also revealed an absence of mortality and clinical symptoms, and no treatment-related adverse effects were detected by hematology, blood biochemistry and urinalysis examinations in all rats treated with 10-160 mg/kg/day β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin during a 6-month period. Increases in the relative organ weight of the lungs of females and the liver of males were observed at 160 mg/kg. Histopathological analyses revealed brown pigmentation in renal tubular epithelial cells at the middle and high doses (40-160 mg/kg/day). The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin is 10 mg/kg/day. These results suggest that β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin is potentially safe for further development as a therapeutic agent in humans.
End-to-End Safe Reinforcement Learning through Barrier Functions for Safety-Critical Continuous Control Tasks (2019)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have found limited success beyond simulated applications, and one main reason is the absence of safety guarantees during the learning process. Real world systems would realistically fail or break before an optimal controller can be learned. To address this issue, we propose a controller architecture that combines (1) a model-free RL-based controller with (2) model-based controllers utilizing control barrier functions (CBFs) and (3) on-line learning of the unknown system dynamics, in order to ensure safety during learning. Our general framework leverages the success of RL algorithms to learn high-performance controllers, while the CBF-based controllers both guarantee safety and guide the learning process by constraining the set of explorable polices. We utilize Gaussian Processes (GPs) to model the system dynamics and its uncertainties. Our novel controller synthesis algorithm, RL-CBF, guarantees safety with high probability during the learning process, regardless of the RL algorithm used, and demonstrates greater policy exploration efficiency. We test our algorithm on (1) control of an inverted pendulum and (2) autonomous car-following with wireless vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and show that our algorithm attains much greater sample efficiency in learning than other state-of-the-art algorithms and maintains safety during the entire learning process.
Mechanism of Co Liner as Enhancement Layer for Cu Interconnect Gap-Fill (2013)

Cu gap-fill is enhanced by replacing the conventional Ta liner with a Co liner in a 22 nm width interconnect structure. The improvement with Co liner seen at the line-end area is attributed to a better resputtered Cu seed profile, which is thicker and exhibits no agglomeration compared to that on Ta liner. The mechanism of Co offering better Cu seed coverage than Ta was further studied and determined to be associated with its better wetting and higher sticking coefficient with Cu during the resputtering process. Similar gap-fill performance was also demonstrated with a reflow Cu seed process. The initial highly conformal Cu seed coverage profile on Co helps ensure a uniform Cu reflow process within the interconnect structure, therefore providing better top-open dimension for electrochemical plating process compared to reflow Cu seed on Ta.
A large-signal network analyzer: Why is it needed? (2006)

Good measurements are a major step towards good modeling. However, besides these measurements, modeling a system also requires a good insight in the system behavior. Do harmonics rise above the noise floor? Must they be taken into account during modeling? Is the system essentially dynamic or static? An answer to the above questions lies in the preprocessing of the measured data as obtained by the LSNA. This technique makes nonlinear effects more visible and allows understanding of the energy transport mechanisms behind the device operation