gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically Optimal Regularization in Smooth Parametric Models (2009)

Many regularization schemes have been employed in statistical learning, where each is motivated by some assumption about the problem domain. In this paper, we focus on regularizers in smooth parametric models and present an asymptotic analysis that allows us to see how the validity of these assumptions affects the risk of a particular regularized estimator. In addition, our analysis motivates an algorithm for optimizing regularization parameters, which in turn can be analyzed within our framework. We apply our analysis to several examples, including hybrid generative-discriminative learning and multi-task learning. 1
Management of epistaxis. (2005)

Family physicians frequently encounter patients with epistaxis (nasal bleeding). In rare cases, this condition may lead to massive bleeding and even death. Although epistaxis can have an anterior or posterior source, it most often originates in the anterior nasal cavity. A directed history and physical examination generally determine the cause of the bleeding. Both local and systemic processes can play a role in epistaxis. Nasal bleeding usually responds to first-aid measures such as compression. When epistaxis does not respond to simple measures, the source of the bleeding should be located and treated appropriately. Treatments to be considered include topical vasoconstriction, chemical cautery, electrocautery, nasal packing (nasal tampon or gauze impregnated with petroleum jelly), posterior gauze packing, use of a balloon system (including a modified Foley catheter), and arterial ligation or embolization. Topical or systemic antibiotics should be used in selected patients. Hospital admission should be considered for patients with significant comorbid conditions or complications of blood loss. Referral to an otolaryngologist is appropriate when bleeding is refractory, complications are present, or specialized treatment (balloon placement, arterial ligation, angiographic arterial embolization) is required.
Fadrozole Reverses Cardiac Fibrosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure Rats: Discordant Enantioselectivity Versus Reduction of Plasma Aldosterone (2007)

Reversal of cardiac fibrosis is a major determinant of the salutary effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure. Recently, R-fadrozole was coined as an aldosterone biosynthesis inhibitor, offering an appealing alternative to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists to block aldosterone action. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of R- and S-fadrozole on plasma aldosterone and urinary aldosterone excretion rate and to compare their effectiveness vs. the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist potassium canrenoate to reverse established cardiac fibrosis. Male lean spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rats (40 wk) were treated for 8 wk by sc infusions of low (0.24 mg/kg.d) or high (1.2 mg/kg.d) doses of R- or S-fadrozole or by potassium canrenoate via drinking water (7.5 mg/kg.d). At the high dose, plasma aldosterone levels were decreased similarly by R- and S-fadrozole, whereas urinary aldosterone excretion rate was reduced only by S-fadrozole. In contrast, whereas at the high dose, R-fadrozole effectively reversed preexistent left ventricular interstitial fibrosis by 50% (vs. 42% for canrenoate), S-fadrozole was devoid of an antifibrotic effect. The low doses of the fadrozole enantiomers did not change cardiac fibrosis or plasma aldosterone but similarly reduced urinary aldosterone excretion rate. In conclusion, R-fadrozole may possess considerable therapeutic merit because of its potent antifibrotic actions in the heart. However, the observed discordance between the aldosterone-lowering and antifibrotic effects of the fadrozole enantiomers raises some doubt about the mechanism by which R-fadrozole diminishes cardiac collagen and about the generality of the concept of lowering aldosterone levels to treat the diseased heart.
Kinetics of Ultrasonic Drug Delivery from Targeted Micelles (2014)

To minimize the adverse side effects of conventional chemotherapy, a targeted micellar drug carrier was investigated that retains hydrophobic drugs in its core and then releases the drug via ultrasonic activation. This paper compares the percent drug release from folated versus non-folated micelles by insonation at 70 kHz and different acoustic power densities. The encapsulated drug is Doxoru- bicin (Dox). A physical model of zero-order release with first-order re-encapsulation was used to fit the experimental kinetic data. Additionally, the acoustic activation power density and Gibbs free energy were introduced and calculated for folated and non-targeted micelles. The data suggests an important role of inertial cavitation in drug release and the presence of a power density threshold for inertial cavitation.
Spectral-Based Blind Image Restoration Method for Thin TOMBO Imagers (2008)

With the recent advances in microelectronic fabrication technology, it becomes now possible to fabricate thin imagers, less than half a millimeter thick. Dubbed TOMBO (an acronym for thin observation module by bound optics), a thin camera-on-a-chip integrates micro-optics and photo-sensing elements, together with advanced processing circuitry, all on a single silicon chip. Modeled after the compound-eye found in insects and many other arthropods, the TOMBO imager captures simultaneously a mosaic of low resolution images. In this paper, we describe and analyze a novel spectral-based blind algorithm that enables the restoration of a high resolution image from the captured low resolution images.The proposed blind restoration method does not require prior information about the imaging system nor the original scene. Furthermore, it alleviates the need for conventional de-shading and rearrangement processing techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can restore images for SNER lower than 3dB.
Application of an iterative 2D equalizer to holographic data storage systems (2012)

At the present time when the limits of the magnetic storage systems appear, the holographic data storage (HDS) devices with high data transfer rate and high recording density are emerging as attractive candidates for next-generation optical storage devices. In this paper, to effectively improve the detection performance that is degraded by the two-dimensional inter-symbol interference under the HDS channel environment and the pixel misalignment, an iterative two-dimensional equalization scheme is proposed based on the contraction mapping theorem. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, for various holographic channel environments we measure the BER performance using computer simulation and compare the proposed one with the conventional threshold detection scheme, which verifies the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Transport Studies Using Membrane Vesicles (2003)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves to regulate passage of solutes and water between circulating blood and brain extracellular fluid (1,2). It is composed of endothelial cells that line brain capillaries and exhibit selective transport properties. Cerebral endothelial cells are unusual in that they possess true tight junctions (zonula occludens), which provide a relatively high electrical resistance, and impart polarity to the plasma membrane (3,4). The presence of tight junctions limits the movement of solutes through the intercellular space, and separates the plasmalemma into luminal (blood-facing) and abluminal (brain-facing) plasma membrane domains. Thus, penetration of the BBB is for the most part transcellular, and requires transport across the respective plasma membrane domains (5,6).
Hydrogen ion selective microelectrode prepared by modifying an electrode with polymers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen ion selective microelectrode prepared by modifying an electrode with polymersNoboru. Oyama, Tomoaki. Hirokawa, Shuichiro. Yamaguchi, Norihiko. Ushizawa, and Takeshi. ShimomuraCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 2, 258–262Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00129a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00129a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new defence construct: ‘rapid dominance’ (1996)

Now that the confrontation with the Eastern bloc has dimimshed, the threats to security are likely to come from less predictable areas, such as terrorism, drugs and other areas of organised crime, with peacekeeping and humanitarian aid operations increasingly be coming the norm. Here Dr Harlan Ullman propounds a new concept for dealing with this wide range of threats’. Unlike the current American doctrine of overwhelming force, the focal point for attack in the future should be wider than the purely military encompassing the will and mind of the adversary. Rapid Dominance could provide a complete concept for controlling and even eliminating some of these newer threats with the psychological dominance of the enemy possibly negating direct conflict. Should this approach fail, ‘Rapid Dominance would also have the capability of imposing over whelming force against the full spectrum of an adversary's military capabilities.
Delftia lacustris sp. nov., a peptidoglycan-degrading bacterium from fresh water, and emended description of Delftia tsuruhatensis as a peptidoglycan-degrading bacterium (2009)

Extracellular peptidoglycan is commonly found in natural environments, yet little is known about its biodegradation in nature. We here describe a novel peptidoglycan-degrading bacterium, designated strain 332T, isolated from mesotrophic lake water in Denmark. The strain was a Gram-negative-staining, motile rod. It had chitinase and lysozyme activities, which are relevant to peptidoglycan degradation, and was capable of utilizing several mono- and disaccharides, amino acids and organic acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain 332T belonged to the genus Delftia. Fatty acids of the strain included C8:0 and C10:0, which are characteristic of the genus Delftia. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 65.3 mol%. A DNA-DNA hybridization value of 66.2% was found between strain 332T and Delftia tsuruhatensis DSM 17581T. Based on differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strain is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Delftia lacustris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 332T (=DSM 21246T=LMG 24775T). An emended description of Delftia tsuruhatensis is also presented.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) Pathway (2007)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a basic helix-loop-helix-PAS domain transcription factor that is expressed in all metazoan organisms and is composed of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta subunits. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1 regulates the transcription of hundreds of genes in a cell type-specific manner. The HIF-1alpha subunit is regulated by O2-dependent hydroxylation of proline residue 402, 564, or both, by prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2), which promotes binding of the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL), leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation; and O2-dependent hydroxylation of asparagine residue 803 by factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), which blocks the binding of the 300-kilodalton coactivator protein (p300) and CREB binding protein (CBP). The hydroxylation reactions, which utilize O2 and alpha-ketoglutarate as substrates and generate CO2 and succinate as by-products, provide a mechanism by which changes in cellular oxygenation are transduced to the nucleus as changes in HIF-1 activity. Hydroxylase activity is inhibited in the presence of low concentrations of O2, high concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (isocitrate, oxaloacetate, succinate, or fumarate), or chelators of Fe(II). Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) competes with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) for binding to HIF-1alpha and mediates O2-independent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. A growing number of proteins and small molecules have been identified that regulate HIF-1 activity by modulating the physical or functional interaction of PHD2, VHL, FIH-1, RACK1, or HSP90 with HIF-1alpha.
PTZ camera based position tracking in IP-surveillance system (2008)

Tracking people or moving objects across a PTZ camera and maintaining a track within a camera is a challenging task in applications of video surveillance. In this paper we propose a novel object positioning tracking framework, PTZ camera based position tracking system, which is also known as PCTS, can help estimate the position of an object by using camera parameters, pan and tilt. From object motion vector, the relevant information such as time, background and geographic parameters can be recorded in database as well. In the experiment, the change of a person’ position is recorded by the PTZ camera in real time. The PCTS provides a feasible solution for position analysis and security surveillance services in future.
Traffic Flow Prediction with few Data Using Fuzzy Neural Network Method (2014)

Many machine learning approaches in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been developed. Most of them rely on using large data sets to build up knowledge. However, the traffic system usually has only few data. In this article, the so-called adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) is employed to predict the traffic time-series with few data, including flow, speed and occupancy
Long-term management of environmental effects and safety of tailings dams (1997)

Tailings dams are facilities for the disposal and long-term storage of waste from the processing of ore to extract gold and other valuable metals. Risks generally associated with tailings dams include risk of failure of the structure and risk of pollution from acid mine drainage, heavy metals and cyanide seeping into surface water, groundwater and land. Surveillance of environmental effects and safety are important considerations, not only during the operational life of the mine but also after the mine closes. This paper summarises the report of an investigation by the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (PCE) into the long-term management of tailings dams (PCE 1997). In particular, it examines the current system in New Zealand for managing post-closure, long-term environmental effects and safety of tailings dams.
VINCENT'S ULCERATION OF THE SOFT PALATE (1942)

<h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> In March 1940 there was referred to my office a woman aged 60 whose history was one of chronic ulceration of the pharynx, loss of weight, secondary anemia and general debility. A year previously she had been hospitalized and treated on three occasions. Each time careful and extensive studies had been made and various local and general treatments had been used. Usually some improvement was secured. This improvement was always only partial and temporary, and within a short time after she left the hospital the ulcers were as troublesome as before. The following is a portion of a letter written to the referring physician on the day of examination: "I should like to hospitalize your patient for a more complete study of her interesting throat condition. The positive findings are clouding of both maxillary sinuses, some mucopurulent discharge in the middle meatus on each side, ulceration
Real time analysis of tokamak discharge parameters (1992)

The techniques used in implementing two applications of real time digital analysis of data from the DIII-D tokamak are described. These tasks, which are demanding in both the speed of data acquisition and the speed of computation, execute on hardware capable of acquiring 40 million data samples per second and executing 80 million floating point operations per second. In the first case, a feedback control algorithm executing at a 10 kHz cycle frequency is used to specify the current in the poloidal field coils in order to control the discharge shape. In the second, fast Fourier transforms of Mirnov probe data are used to find the amplitude and frequency of each of eight toroidal mode numbers as a function of time during the discharge. Data sampled continuously at 500 kHz are used to produce results at 2 ms intervals.
Hypothalamic GABA and sympathetic regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1989)

The posterior hypothalamus contains a sympathoexcitatory system that can be modulated by changes in GABAergic tone. We tested the hypothesis that the GABAergic mechanism in the posterior hypothalamus is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats. Blood pressure and heart rate were continuously measured in the conscious state; blood samples were obtained for determination of plasma catecholamine concentrations. Bilateral microinjections of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide into the posterior hypothalamus increased heart rate and blood pressure in a dose-related fashion and increased plasma catecholamine concentrations in both SHR and WKY rats. The responses were not significantly different between the two strains of rats. Microinjections of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol in this same region caused dose-related decreases in both heart rate and blood pressure in SHR and WKY rats. Although the decreases in heart rate caused by muscimol were not significantly different between the SHR and WKY rats, the decreases in blood pressure were significantly greater in SHR compared with WKY rats. Further, microinjection of muscimol caused a significant decrease in plasma catecholamines in SHR but not in WKY rats. These data indicate that in SHR and WKY rats the posterior hypothalamus contains a sympathoexcitatory mechanism that is tonically inhibited by GABA. The ability of muscimol to decrease plasma catecholamines selectively in SHR and to cause greater decreases in blood pressure, suggests that the GABAergic mechanisms in the posterior hypothalamus of the SHR and WKY rats may differ.
Cluster and grid superservers: The dawning experiences in China (2001)

This paper summarizes recent activities at Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in developing superservers for cluster and grid computing. We first identify market and technical trends observed from a Chinese perspective. Then we describe the research work in developing the Dawning series high performance computers and the China computational grid. We also highlight some on-going research work in developing grid-oriented superserver systems.
Subclinical Eating Disorders in Female Athletes (2000)

(2000). Subclinical Eating Disorders in Female Athletes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 71, No. 7, pp. 23-29.
詹妮弗·劳伦斯：如此与众不同 (2014)

她有沙哑的声线、百变的造型，她是众多导演捧在手心的天才女演员，她是最年轻的奥斯卡影后，她是人气女王：其实，她还有疯狂的喜剧基因，她还是个能带low全场的女汉子她就是独一无二的詹妮弗·劳伦斯。
Genetic variability among strains of <i>Phialocephala fortinii</i> and phylogenetic analysis of the genus <i>Phialocephala</i> based on rDNA ITS sequence comparisons (2002)

Two methods to determine variability among strains of Phialocephala fortinii and sterile DSE (dark septate endophyte) Type 1 were compared: inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction analysis (ISSRPCR) and sequence analysis of the two internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). Both methods showed similar results for some strains, but different results for others. Phylogenetic analysis of various strains of P. fortinii and Type 1 based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence information showed that Type 1 strains, with the exception of one Type 1 strain and a strain with a Type-1-like culture morphology, form a well-supported clade, whereas P. fortinii strains are much more variable and the relative position of many strains on the tree are unresolved. Two sterile DSE strains with Type 1 culture morphology form a well-supported clade, separate from the P. fortinii  Type 1 clade. Phylogenetic analysis of some species of the Leotiales and of Phialocephala and related species based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences indicate that the genera Phialocephala and Sporendocladia are polyphyletic. One major clade, supported by a high bootstrap value, is positioned as a well-separated lineage among members of the Leotiales. Phialocephala fortinii, Phialocephala dimorphospora, Phialocephala compacta, Phialocephala scopiformis, and Type 1, all known as endophytes of woody plant species, are positioned in this clade. A second well-supported clade including Phialocephala humicola, Phialocephala xalapensis, and Phialocephala fusca was positioned outside the Leotiales. Phialocephala xalapensis and P. humicola had identical sequences and were not separable based on morphology. The two taxa were, therefore, considered to represent the same species. Phialocephala virens, Phialophora finlandia, Sporendocladia foliicola, and Leptodontidium orchidicola were not included in either of the two Phialocephala clades.Key words: Phialocephala, phylogenetic analysis, internal transcribed spacer, DSE.
The Design of Multistage Separable Planar Filters (1971)

A two-dimensional, or planar, digital filter can be described in terms of its planar response function, which is in the form of a matrix of weighting coefficients, or filter array. In many instances the dimensions of these matrices are so large that their implementation as ordinary planar convolutional filters becomes computationally inefficient. It is possible to expand the given coefficient matrix into a finite and convergent sum of matrix-valued stages. Each stage can be separated with no error into the product of an m-length column vector multiplied into an n-length row vector, where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns of the original filter array. Substantial savings in computer storage and speed result if the given filter array can be represented with a tolerably small error by the first few stages of the expansion. Since each constituent stage consists of two vector-valued factors, further computational economies accrue if the one-dimensional sequences described by these vectors are in turn approximated by one-dimensional recursive filters. Two geophysical examples have been selected to illustrate how the present design techniques may be reduced to practice.
The Polytechnics: A Peculiarly British Phenomenon (1991)

The development of the British polytechnics is described in the context of the binary structure of higher education. They are seen as a peculiarly British phenomenon. The framework for their governance, resourcing, and maintenance of academic standards is contrasted with that for the universities in the United Kingdom. The polytechnics have become a very powerful force in British higher education and have been in the vanguard of innovation, expansion, and widening access. The article concludes with a section on what the proposed developments in the next few years might bring.