gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consequences of Homocysteine Export and Oxidation in the Vascular System (2000)

The risk for arteriosclerosis and thrombosis of patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia is reduced by homocysteine-lowering therapy. Whether this is the case in patients with mild hyperhomocysteinemia remains to be proved. Another challenge for researchers is to establish a satisfying pathological mechanism of the vasotoxicity of a disturbed homocysteine metabolism. Unfortunately, most in vitro studies use physiologically irrelevant concentrations or forms, or both, of homocysteine. The role of the different oxidized and reduced forms of homocysteine in its metabolism has gained little attention. In the cell, homocysteine is mainly present in its reduced form. In this article export of homocysteine out of the cell is reported to be regulated by a "reduced-homocysteine carrier." In vitro endothelial cells export homocysteine at a constant rate in a folate dose-dependent matter. Even at high-normal folate levels, endothelial cells export homocysteine. As soon as homocysteine is exported out of the cell, it will be oxidized to a disulfide with any compound containing a thiol function or undergo a disulfide exchange reaction, both resulting in formation of disulfides of homocysteine. Consequently, in plasma, about 99% of homocysteine is bound to disulfides. Before homocysteine can be metabolized, it needs to be taken up by the cell via carriers, channels, or receptors recognizing the different homocysteine disulfides. In the cell, the homocysteine disulfides are reduced, liberating homocysteine in its reduced form. Next, homocysteine can be metabolized after binding to the homocysteine-converting enzymes. In particular, the liver and kidney supposedly take up and metabolize significant amounts of homocysteine.
Using cross correlations of turbulent flow-induced ambient vibrations to estimate the structural impulse response. Application to structural health monitoring (2007)

It has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that an estimate of the impulse response (or Green's function) between two receivers can be obtained from the cross correlation of diffuse wave fields at these two receivers in various environments and frequency ranges: ultrasonics, civil engineering, underwater acoustics, and seismology. This result provides a means for structural monitoring using ambient structure-borne noise only, without the use of active sources. This paper presents experimental results obtained from flow-induced random vibration data recorded by pairs of accelerometers mounted within a flat plate or hydrofoil in the test section of the U.S. Navy's William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel. The experiments were conducted at high Reynolds number (Re > 50 million) with the primary excitation source being turbulent boundary layer pressure fluctuations on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate or foil. Identical deterministic time signatures emerge from the noise cross-correlation function computed via robust and simple processing of noise measured on different days by a pair of passive sensors. These time signatures are used to determine and/or monitor the structural response of the test models from a few hundred to a few thousand Hertz.
IS HEMOGLOBIN AN ESSENTIAL STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES?* (1963)

This investigation of human red cell membranes was undertaken in order to determine whether the presence of hemoglobin in the membrane is es- sential for maintenance of the membrane's struc- tural integrity, which has been evaluated by stud- ies of the shape, lipid content and composition, protein content, osmotic responsiveness, and certain enzymic activities of erythrocyte ghosts from which virtually all of the cellular hemoglobin had been removed.
Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography detection of carboxylic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (1990)

The frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography technique described previously by Brooks et al. was modified and applied to the studies of coded and routine clinical specimens. Uncentrifuged cerebrospinal fluid (2 ml) was extracted under acidic conditions, derivatized, and analyzed by frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography on large-bore fused silica polar and nonpolar capillary columns. The frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography profile of carboxylic acids (C2 through C22) along with identification of tuberculostearic acid, established by retention time comparison of derivatized tuberculostearic acid and derivatized sample extract, strongly suggests the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with lymphocytic meningitis. Results from 41 coded cases and 75 clinical cases showed that the frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography test had a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 95%.
Unconventional magnetism in all-carbon nanofoam (2004)

We report production of nanostructured magnetic carbon foam by a high-repetition-rate, high-power laser ablation of glassy carbon in $\mathrm{Ar}$ atmosphere. A combination of characterization techniques revealed that the system contains both $s{p}^{2}$ and $s{p}^{3}$ bonded carbon atoms. The material is a form of carbon containing graphite-like sheets with hyperbolic curvature, as proposed for ``schwarzite.'' The foam exhibits ferromagnetic-like behavior up to $90\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, with a narrow hysteresis curve and a high saturation magnetization. Such magnetic properties are very unusual for a carbon allotrope. Detailed analysis excludes impurities as the origin of the magnetic signal. We postulate that localized unpaired spins occur because of topological and bonding defects associated with the sheet curvature, and that these spins are stabilized due to the steric protection offered by the convoluted sheets.
The Arabidopsis AtRaptor genes are essential for post-embryonic plant growth (2005)

The data implicate the TOR signaling pathway, a major regulator of cell growth in yeast and metazoans, in the maintenance of growth from the shoot apical meristem in plants. These results provide insights into the ways in which TOR/Raptor signaling has been adapted to regulate plant growth and development, and indicate that in plants, as in other eukaryotes, there is some Raptor-independent TOR activity.
High voltage miniature transformer design (2002)

This paper presents an example of optimization of a small flyback transformer designed to charge energy storage capacitors up to 2 kV from a low voltage source. The basic design uses a 7 mm diameter by 4 mm high manganese zinc ferrite pot core. Several versions of this transformer were built with different winding patterns. All had similar number of turns and wire sizes. Early versions had Kraft paper insulation between each secondary (high voltage winding) layer. The next version omitted the insulation between the secondary winding layers. As a result, the secondary capacitance of the second version was about three times the value of the first version. From theory, we know that the maximum output voltage is controlled in part by the stray capacitance. The larger the stray capacitance, the smaller the output voltage. Using this starting point, the important outputs, capacitor voltage and charging time, were measured as function of the design control parameters. The design control parameters were the material characteristics, winding pattern, magnetic gap, and turns for primary and secondary. The goal was to minimize the charging time and maximize the output voltage.
Self-healing flexible laminates for resealing of puncture damage (2009)

A flexible self-healing system capable of healing puncture damage has been manufactured. Our material consists of three layers: a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) composite, embedded with a self-healing microcapsule system, sandwiched between two layers of poly(urethane) coated nylon. The total structure thickness ranges between 0.84 and 1.5 mm. A protocol is established in which samples are damaged using a hypodermic needle or a razor blade, and a successful heal is defined as the ability to reseal the damage to withstand a pressure differential across the laminate of 103 kPa (∼1 atm). Trends in healing success are analyzed as a function of microcapsule size, self-healing layer thickness, and puncture diameter. Healing varied significantly with microcapsule size, with the maximum healing success rate (100% successfully healed) occurring in samples with 220 µm microcapsules and a puncture diameter of 0.49 mm. For this puncture size, an increase in microcapsule diameter corresponds to a decrease in healing efficiency. However, samples with larger microcapsules (up to 500 µm avg.) demonstrate more effective healing for larger puncture diameters, up to 1.61 mm. Additionally, healing increased with composite layer thickness, and decreased with increasing puncture hole size.
Regulation of protein synthesis in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected mouse L-929 cells by decreased protein synthesis initiation factor 2 activity (1982)

Infection of mouse L-cell spinner cultures by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) effected the selective translation of viral mRNA by 4h after viral adsorption. Cell-free systems prepared from mock- and VSV-infected cells reflected this phenomenon; protein synthesis was reduced in the virus-infected cell lysate by approximately 75% compared with the mock-infected (control) lysate. This effect appeared to be specific to protein synthesis initiation since (i) methionine incorporation into protein from an exogenous preparation of initiator methionyl-tRNA gave completely analogous results and (ii) the addition of a ribosomal salt wash (containing protein synthesis initiation factors) stimulated protein synthesis by the infected cell lysate but had no effect on protein synthesis by the control. Micrococcal nuclease-treated (initiation-dependent) VSV-infected cell lysates were not able to translate L-cell mRNA unless they were supplemented with a ribosomal salt wash; a salt wash from ribosomes from uninfected cells effected a quicker recovery than a salt wash from ribosomes from infected cells. When salt wash preparations from ribosomes from uninfected and infected cells were tested for initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)-dependent ternary complex capacity with added GTP and initiator methionyl-tRNA, we found that the two preparations contained equivalent levels of eIF-2. However, initiation complex formation by the factor from virus-infected cells proceeded at a reduced initial rate compared with the control. When the lysates were supplemented with a partially purified eIF-2 preparation, recovery of activity by the infected cell lysate was observed. Mechanisms by which downward regulation of eIF-2 activity might direct the selective translation of viral mRNA in VSV-infected cells are proposed.
Resonant nonlinear intrachannel interactions in strongly dispersion-managed transmission systems (2000)

Nonlinear intrachannel interactions in a transmission system with strong periodic dispersion management are studied. The ghost pulse at the zero bit is shown to grow resonantly as a result of periodic forcing and temporal phase matching with the signal pulses. The growth rate depends on the degree of overlap between the signals. The analysis agrees with direct numerical simulation of the full system. Growth rates for various bit patterns as a function of map strength are obtained.
A Dimension Abstraction Approach to Vectorization in Matlab (2007)

Matlab is a matrix-processing language that offers very efficient built-in operations for data organized in arrays. However Matlab operation is slow when the program accesses data through interpreted loops. Often during the development of a Matlab application writing loop-based code is more intuitive than crafting the data organization into arrays. Furthermore, many Matlab users do not command the linear algebra expertise necessary to write efficient code. Thus loop-based Matlab coding is a fairly common practice. This paper presents a tool that automatically converts loop-based Matlab code into equivalent array-based form and built-in Matlab constructs. Array-based code is produced by checking the input and output dimensions of equations within loops, and by transposing terms when necessary to generate correct code. This paper also describes an extensible loop pattern database that allows user-defined patterns to be discovered and replaced by more efficient Matlab routines that perform the same computation. The safe conversion of loop-based into more efficient array-based code is made possible by the introduction of a new abstract representation for dimensions
Opioid responsiveness (1997)

Cancer pain generally responds in a predictable way to analgesic drugs and drug therapy is the mainstay of treatment. A small proportion of patients, of the order of 20%, have pain that does not respond well to conventional analgesic management. Because opioid analgesics are the most important part of this pharmacological approach, a terminology has developed which centres around whether or not pain will respond to opioid analgesics. The terms opioid-responsive-pain and opioid-non-responsive pain, or opioid-resistant-pain, have been used to differentiate between patients whose pain falls into these two broad groups. This terminology is not satisfactory because it implies an all or none phenomenon, that is that pain either does or does not respond to opioid analgesics. Rarely is there such a clear distinction in practice. This is because the end point when titrating dose against pain with strong opioid analgesics is not simply pain relief or lack of relief: adverse effects may limit dose titration. It is preferable to describe patients with pain which is relatively less sensitive to opioids and/or patients where there is an inbalance between analgesia and unwanted effects as having "opioid-poorly-responsive pain". A pragmatic definition of opioid-poorly-responsive pain is pain that is inadequately relieved by opioid analgesics given in a dose that causes intolerable side effects despite routine measures to control them. Included in this definition is so called paradoxical pain which is not a distinct entity. Neuropathic pain is the most common form of opioid-poorly-responsive pain. The underlying pathophysiology remains unclear but abnormal metabolism of morphine is not the cause of a poor response to this drug. Patients with opioid-poorly-responsive-pain should be considered for treatment with the same opioid by an alternative (spinal) route or with an alternative opioid agonist administered by the same route (whether oral or parenteral), in conjunction with adjuvant analgesics such as tricyclic antidepressants. The most commonly used alternative oral opioids are phenazocine and methadone; transdermal fentanyl is an additional option.
Graphene filled polymer nanocomposites (2010)

Graphene has attracted the attention of a growing number of scientists from several disciplines due to its remarkable physical properties and chemical functionalisation capabilities. This review presents an overview of graphene/polymer nanocomposites discussing preparation, properties and potential applications. The challenges and outlook of these emerging polymer nanocomposites are also discussed.
GPU Accelerated H.264 Video Compression for Broadcast (2011)

In recent years, the ability to perform massive parallel computations has become readily available on every desktop due to improved graphic processors and new programming tools such as CUDA. The standard central processing units (CPUs) are also evolving rapidly in the same direction, making this technology even more accessible. Video compression is an illustrative example of an area where the speed/computation power trade-off is especially steep. To render all the features of the modern H.264 compression standard, a supercomputing level of power might be necessary. The modern graphics processing unit (GPU) and the next generation of the CPU could deliver the required computation power. We investigate what can be done to exploit the features of the modern GPUs for H.264 compression and how the new video compression standards such as H.265 might be adopted in the future of massive parallel processing.
Loss-of-function mutation in <i>Mirta22/Emc10</i> rescues specific schizophrenia-related phenotypes in a mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion (2017)

Identification of protective loss-of-function (LoF) mutations holds great promise for devising novel therapeutic interventions, although it faces challenges due to the scarcity of protective LoF alleles in the human genome. Exploiting the detailed mechanistic characterization of animal models of validated disease mutations offers an alternative. Here, we provide insights into protective-variant biology based on our characterization of a model of the 22q11.2 deletion, a strong genetic risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Postnatal brain up-regulation of <i>Mirta22/Emc10</i>, an inhibitor of neuronal maturation, represents the major transcriptional effect of the 22q11.2-associated microRNA dysregulation. Here, we demonstrate that mice in which the <i>Df(16)A</i> deficiency is combined with a LoF <i>Mirta22</i> allele show rescue of key SCZ-related deficits, namely prepulse inhibition decrease, working memory impairment, and social memory deficits, as well as synaptic and structural plasticity abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. Additional analysis of homozygous <i>Mirta22</i> knockout mice, in which no alteration is observed in the above-mentioned SCZ-related phenotypes, highlights the deleterious effects of <i>Mirta22</i> up-regulation. Our results support a causal link between dysregulation of a miRNA target and SCZ-related deficits and provide key insights into beneficial LoF mutations and potential new treatments.
Subsea and Surface Well Control Systems and Procedures the "Zane Barnes" (1988)

ABSTRACT Cooperative efforts between contractor and operator have resulted in a BOP and surface gas handling system of unique, practical, and field proven design. This system meets the demands for both well and riser gas control in moderate to very deep water. Particular features, e.g. subsea BOP and outlet placement, state of the art arrangements, and the rationale behind them are described. Procedures for proper use are outlined. In addition, a recommended generalized approach is presented for preparing deep water vessels to solve the special problems of handling gas in the marine riser. INTRODUCTION The well control and riser gas handling systems on the "Zane Barnes" were designed and built to enable maximum safety in up to 6000 ft. water depths and for the deepest, highest pressure wells to be encountered offshore. Materials for all components with well bore fluid wetted surfaces were prepared for sour service. The special problems associated with gas entrapment in the stack during a kill and the expansion of this gas in the riser after its release and its migration to surface were successfully addressed. Figure 1-System Schematic illustrates key features of the system. The subsea BOP stack is an 18-3/4" bore unit with four 15,000 psi WP rams and two 10,000 psi WP annulars. Control is by a multiplexed electro-hydraulic system. The 21", 5/8" wall marine riser carries two 3" ID, 15,000 psi WP choke/kill lines, a 2.25" ID hydraulic power fluid conduit, and a 3.375" ID riser circulating line. Surface equipment includes a 3" 15,000 psi WP choke/kill manifold, a main and a "mini" diverter system, two independent mud/gas separators, one of which is dedicated to the riser and one to the choke manifold. In addition to the primary trip tank, a small "mini" trip tank is attached to the choke manifold. Instrumentation includes a state of the art electronic as well as a mechanical monitor for the main trip tank, mud pit total volume, and a heave corrected flow line monitor. No system, and especially not a comprehensive one like that on the Zane Barnes, is workable without carefully thought out procedures and thorough crew training. This has been done, and the reward has been the handling without incident of one complex well control situation and several smaller ones during the first year of operation. There is a high degree of confidence that this can be done whenever required. In the succeeding discussions of individual sub-systems emphasis will be placed on the unique features, the remainder being mutt the same as those used in floating drilling with subsea BOP systems worldwide. SUBSEA BOP STACK As illustrated in Figure 2, the subsea BOP has an outlet between annulars. This is used to minimize trapped gas volume during kills. Procedures call for two-line kills in all "routine" instances, using the upper annular BOP and the uppermost outlets on both the choke and kill sides.
An FT-CCD imager with true 2.4×2.4 μm/sup 2/ pixels in double membrane poly-Si technology (2002)

A 300 k-pixel frame-transfer image sensor ( 1/8 " optical format), with a pixel size of 2.4/spl times/2.4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, the smallest ever published, is reported. This sensor follows the "VGA" standard (640/spl times/480 progressive scan, 60 fr./sec) and uses the following key processing technologies: only two, very thin ("membrane") poly-Si layers for gate electrodes; a modified Ti/TiN/W shunt-wiring technology; optimized process for narrow channel stops (1 /spl mu/m); optimized 0.2 /spl mu/m contact-hole technology in standard I-line photolithography; peristaltic-profiled doping for the buried CCD channel.
PASCAL for students (2nd edition), by R. Kemp. Pp 258. £7·95. 1987. ISBN 0-7131-3598-0 (Arnold) (1987)

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Triple ribozyme-mediated down-regulation of the retinoblastoma gene (1998)

We have been developing triple ribozyme (TRz) constructs which consist of two cis-acting ribozymes flanking an internal trans-acting ribozyme, which is targeted to a cellular RNA. Actions of the two cis-acting ribozymes efficiently liberate the internal ribozyme with minimal non-specific flanking sequences. The liberated internal targeted ribozyme shows substantially greater catalytic activity than TRz preparations, constructs which cannot undergo self-liberation or than single ribozymes with flanking vector sequences. Here we construct a TRz which was targeted to retinoblastoma gene (Rb) mRNA, which cleaved Rb target RNA in vitro as expected. A number of tetracycline-regulatable clones stably transfected with the Rb-targeted TRz were developed and analyzed. The internal targeted ribozymes were efficiently liberated in vivo and the stably transfected clones showed varied reductions in Rb mRNA, which were contingent upon ribozyme expression and catalytic activity. The two clones showing major reductions in Rb mRNA (and pRb) levels (>70% reduction) showed abnormal morphology, loss of contact inhibition and the ability to grow in soft agar, as well as altered compartmentation of repetitive B2 transcripts, a phenomenon previously associated with immortalization and/or transformation. TRz constructs coupled with tissue-specific promoters should allow development of in vivo models in which Rb function is markedly reduced in a tissue-specific manner.
Pragmatic ethics and the new consultant (1996)

Abstract Ethical, social, and environmental concerns are beginning to take hold in many businesses, often as an extension of total quality management. Many professional firms have eluded the global trend, but social and ecological realities are catching up. What will the new professional firm look like? This article looks at how firms are finding competitive advantage in old‐fashioned integrity, combined with management techniques and a new scientific understanding of what it takes to successfully adapt in a world of limited resources. “Ethics is awareness of interdependence…” Aldo Leopold.