gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Graphene and Graphene Oxide Nanowalls Against Bacteria (2010)

Bacterial toxicity of graphene nanosheets in the form of graphene nanowalls deposited on stainless steel substrates was investigated for both gram-positive and gram-negative models of bacteria. The graphene oxide nanowalls were obtained by electrophoretic deposition of Mg(2+)-graphene oxide nanosheets synthesized by a chemical exfoliation method. On the basis of measuring the efflux of cytoplasmic materials of the bacteria, it was found that the cell membrane damage of the bacteria caused by direct contact of the bacteria with the extremely sharp edges of the nanowalls was the effective mechanism in the bacterial inactivation. In this regard, the gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria with an outer membrane were more resistant to the cell membrane damage caused by the nanowalls than the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus lacking the outer membrane. Moreover, the graphene oxide nanowalls reduced by hydrazine were more toxic to the bacteria than the unreduced graphene oxide nanowalls. The better antibacterial activity of the reduced nanowalls was assigned to the better charge transfer between the bacteria and the more sharpened edges of the reduced nanowalls, during the contact interaction.
Modern Control Systems, 7th edition (1995)

This text has been revised to make more use of MATLAB integration, and features a new chapter on digital controls. Whilst maintaining its real-world perspectives and practical applications, this edition also features: expanded and updated coverage of state space topics; tutorial instruction on using MATLAB in controls and designated MATLAB problems; and a wider variety of applications in examples and problems. This text is intended for students taking courses in electrical and mechanical engineering.
Learning to Rank with Selection Bias in Personal Search (2016)

Click-through data has proven to be a critical resource for improving search ranking quality. Though a large amount of click data can be easily collected by search engines, various biases make it difficult to fully leverage this type of data. In the past, many click models have been proposed and successfully used to estimate the relevance for individual query-document pairs in the context of web search. These click models typically require a large quantity of clicks for each individual pair and this makes them difficult to apply in systems where click data is highly sparse due to personalized corpora and information needs, e.g., personal search. In this paper, we study the problem of how to leverage sparse click data in personal search and introduce a novel selection bias problem and address it in the learning-to-rank framework. This paper proposes a few bias estimation methods, including a novel query-dependent one that captures queries with similar results and can successfully deal with sparse data. We empirically demonstrate that learning-to-rank that accounts for query-dependent selection bias yields significant improvements in search effectiveness through online experiments with one of the world's largest personal search engines.
Relative wool production and quality performance of elite flock of Marwari sheep (2001)

Data on 1242 animals of elite and tester flocks of Marwari breed were scrutinized to assess the influence of various factors on adult and lambs' clips and wool quality parameters. The overall least squares means of adult spring, autumn and annual and lambs' first and second six monthly greasy fleece production were 899.26±5.68 g, 481.83±4.66 g, 1379.97±8.05 g, 577.73±5.81 g and 586.55±8.53 g. The overall least squares means of wool quality parameters were 36.15±0.27 μ, 32.77±0.61%, 18.34±0.42%, 51.22±0.73%, 4.69±0.05 cm and 0.56±0.01 per cm., respectively for fibre diameter, hetero fibres, hairy fibres, medullation, staple length and crimp. Group had highly significant effect on lambs' first clip, fibre diameter and crimp. Sex showed highly significant influence on adult clips, staple length and crimp and significant influence on hairy fibres. The effect of year was found to be highly significant on all adult and lambs' clips, fibre diameter, hetero fibres, staple length and crimp and significant on hairy fibres and medullation. The elite animals were found to be superior to tester animals with respect to greasy fleece production in lambs' first clip and wool quality parameter crimp. The fibre properties indicated that the wool produced by Marwari sheep is of good carpet quality. However, there is further need to reduce the magnitude of hairy fibres through appropriate selection programme.
Temperature-Insensitive (Athermal) AWG Modules (2003)

High-performance temperature-insensitive (athermal) arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) modules have been developed to meet the need to reduce the consumption of DWDM systems and eliminate electric power for optical components. Employing a unique temperature-insensitive technique that is applicable to all sorts of AWGs, we have fabricated athermal AWG modules of the 100-GHz × 32-ch (Gaussian) and 100-GHz × 42-ch (semi-flat) types. At temperatures from 0 to 70°C, center wavelength shift and insertion loss variation were less than ±0.015 nm and ±0.1dB respectively, and it was confirmed that the optical characteristics of the developed athermal AWGs showed high stability. It was also confirmed that they exhibit high reliability by reliability tests based on Telcordia GR-1209 and GR-1221.
New Generation of Polymeric Drugs: Copolymer from NIPAAM and Cyclodextrin Methacrylate Containing Supramolecular‐Attached Antitumor Derivative (2009)

Abstract We describe the synthesis of an adamantane‐bearing analogue of 5‐fluorocytosine. The process was investigated by 1 H NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy, MS‐EI mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The non‐covalent inclusion complexation of the synthesized compound with a copolymer containing NIPAAM and cyclodextrin methacrylate was investigated by turbidity measurement, dynamic light scattering, and UV–Vis spectrofotometry. magnified image
A Robust Adaptive Quantizer (1975)

A popular method of time-varying quantization involves a multlplicative change in quantizer overload point after each sample time. Although this technique produces an average loading factor that is invariant with rms input, it is vulnerable to transmission errors. Here, we introduce a related quantizer which has the advantage of disipating the effects of transmission errors at any desired rate. On the other hand, adaptation is not perfect. The loading factor now depends on rms input and in designing the quantizer one must compromise between the goal of constant loading factor and the goal of rapid error dissipation. We provide a design method and apply it to the modification of a quantizer currently used for speech. The new quantizer dissipates transmission errors with a 5 ms time constant while maintaining accurate adaptation over a 40 dB input range.
Embedded Binarized Neural Networks (2017)

We study embedded Binarized Neural Networks (eBNNs) with the aim of allowing current binarized neural networks (BNNs) in the literature to perform feedforward inference efficiently on small embedded devices. We focus on minimizing the required memory footprint, given that these devices often have memory as small as tens of kilobytes (KB). Beyond minimizing the memory required to store weights, as in a BNN, we show that it is essential to minimize the memory used for temporaries which hold intermediate results between layers in feedforward inference. To accomplish this, eBNN reorders the computation of inference while preserving the original BNN structure, and uses just a single floating-point temporary for the entire neural network. All intermediate results from a layer are stored as binary values, as opposed to floating-points used in current BNN implementations, leading to a 32x reduction in required temporary space. We provide empirical evidence that our proposed eBNN approach allows efficient inference (10s of ms) on devices with severely limited memory (10s of KB). For example, eBNN achieves 95\% accuracy on the MNIST dataset running on an Intel Curie with only 15 KB of usable memory with an inference runtime of under 50 ms per sample. To ease the development of applications in embedded contexts, we make our source code available that allows users to train and discover eBNN models for a learning task at hand, which fit within the memory constraint of the target device.
Packets distribution algorithms for sensor networks (2003)

In this paper, we study, via simple discrete mathematical models, the problems of data distribution and data collection in wireless sensor networks. The work that follows continues the work presented by the authors in (C. Florens et al., 2002) where the focus was on sensor networks equipped with unidirectional antenna elements. Here we shift our interest to networks equipped with omnidirectional antenna elements. In particular we show how the data distribution and collection tasks can be performed optimally (with respect to time) on tree networks and give the corresponding time performances of those strategies. We also present a strategy for general graph networks that performs within a factor of 3 of the optimal performance. Finally we compare the performance of a network equipped with omnidirectional antenna elements with one equipped with unidirectional antenna elements. We show the latter outperforms the former by 33% at most in tree networks. To that purpose we included relevant results on directional antenna sensor networks, partly obtained in (C.Florens et al., 2002).
System Implementation (1995)

Without development of an actual working system it is impossible to empirically validate the proposed computational model. Thus, the architecture introduced in section 3.1 has been implemented on a Sun 4 workstation and later ported to a Spare II workstation. The majority of the code is written in Quintus Prolog while the parser is written in C. The system software is available via anonymous FTP as described in appendix C. The overall hardware configuration is illustrated in figure 6.1. Speech recognition is performed by a Verbex 6000 user-dependent connected-speech recognizer running on an IBM PC. The vocabulary is currently restricted to the 125 words given in table 7.1. Users are required to begin each utterance with the word “verbie” and end with the word “over” (e.g. “verbie, the switch is up, over”). The Verbex speech recognizer acknowledges each input with a small beep. These sentinel interactions act as a synchronization mechanism for the user arid the machine. Speech output is performed by a DECtalk DTCO1 text-to-speech converter. This chapter discusses the following technical aspects of the implementation. • The various knowledge representation formalisms. • The implemented domain processor, an expert system for assisting in simple circuit repair. • The implemented generation component. • The basic physical resource utilization of the system. The basis for the implementation has been the logic programming language, Prolog. Clocksin and Mellish [CM87] provide an introduction to this language. Pereira and Shieber [PS87] arid McCord [McC87] can be consulted for a discussion of the usage of Prolog for natural language analysis. Prolog allows the expression of rules and facts in a subset of first-order logic called Horn clauses. Prolog is supplemented with non-logical features that aid in efficient computation as well, but as a representational formalism, its utility in representing rules and facts in a declarative format provides a basis for the representation of knowledge and rules within the model. The Goal and Action Description Language was introduced in section 3.2.2. A detailed description is provided in appendix A. It is used as a standard formalism for representing goals that may be accomplished during a task.
Hydrogen peroxide and iron: a microbial cellulolytic system? (1975)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>To collect authoritative data on the work men did in the agricultural industry in the Summer of 1970 and on their potential for taking on new enterprises. To discover whether the shrinking labour force could achieve the expansion programme envisaged by the Economic Development Committee.
Partial oxidation of benzene catalyzed by heteropoly compounds (2001)

V substituted phosphomolybdic acids could hydroxylate benzene with nearly 100% selectivity at appreciable conversion levels in the presence of oxidizing agents like H2O2 and AcOOH. There appears to be a correlation, for the liq. phase, between phenol yield and its rate of formation with V content in the phosphomolybdic acid. Unfortunately, these materials do not show the same activity in gas-phase with N2O as oxidant. Therefore, the high acidity of these solids is not involved in the reaction pathway. [on SciFinder (R)]
Job Stress and Dissatisfaction Among Employee Pharmacists: The Role of Coworker Social Support and Powerlessness (1994)

This study assessed the relationships among stress, powerlessness, coworker social support, and job dissatisfaction among employee pharmacists. Data were collected via mail questionnaires from 549 employee pharmacists randomly selected from across the nation. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that stress was the only independent variable with a significant main effect on job dissatisfaction. Two significant interaction terms, however, indicated that both coworker social support and perceived powerlessness moderated the relationship between stress and job dissatisfaction. These findings further our understanding of how social and psychological resources affect the relationship between stress and job dissatisfaction among employee pharmacists.
Superconducting resonator and a cryogenic GaAs field-effect transistor amplifier as a single-ion detection system (1993)

A current measuring system capable of detecting single ions is described. The detector operates at a frequency of nominally 900 kHz and utilizes a superconducting inductor with high Q(Q≊8500) and a cryogenic GaAs field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier with noise temperature less than 0.3 K. Noise measurements of the FET are presented along with details of the construction of the superconducting inductor.
Digital signal processing for high-spectral-efficiency optical transmission (2010)

We review and discuss several advanced digital signal processing techniques for spectrally-efficient highspeed optical transmission using single-carrier-based highorder modulation formats.
Relationships between high density recording performance and particle coercivity distribution (1991)

Most magnetic recording media are composed of magnetic crystalline particles having inherent coercivity originating from crystalline and shape anisotropies. The relationship between the statistical distribution of the particle coercivity and the high density magnetic recording characteristics was investigated. In order to estimate the width of the particle coercivity distribution (PCD) in a medium, a method in which the PCD can be obtained from M-H major and minor curves. The PCD correlates strongly with the coercivity squareness and the switching field distribution, and needs no compensation for the demagnetizing field, even in perpendicular recording media. It was shown that a sharper PCD resulted in better recording performance, particularly in perpendicular recording media.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visual Vowel and Diphthong Perception from Two Horizontal Viewing Angles (1979)

This study investigated vowel and diphthong lipreading performance from 0 degree and 90 degree angles of observation. Sixteen English vowels and diphthongs were placed in an /h-g/ context to form the stimulus items. Each item was presented by a speaker ten times in random order for a total of 160 items. The speaker was simultaneously videotaped from 0 degree and 90 degree angles under optimal lighting conditions. Ten normal hearing adults subjects phonetically recorded the vowel or diphtong they perceived as each item was visually presented. The diphthong stimuli were significantly easier to identify than the vowel stimuli at both angles of observation. In addition, no significant differences were found between the 0 degree and 90 degree angles in terms of percentage of correct identifications of all phonemes examined. Orderly, predictable confusions also were observed. Those confusions occurring in visual diphthong recognition tended to shift toward the stressed vowel element of the diphthong or to a vowel produced in a manner similar to the stressed element.
Computer Simulation of Chaos System under Maple Environment (2004)

The strange attractor, with its characteristic special shape, has become a much-published symbol of chaos. It can be found by simply integrating almost any initial point. However, it is much more difficult to understand how the strange attractor organizes the dynamics. The development of the tools of dynamical systems has benefited much from the visualization of chaotic attractors and other fractal objects. Computer simulations are useful not only to illustrate known properties of chaotic systems, but also to gain new mathematical insight. This paper has been introduced to make use of the mathematics software--Maple. The computer simulation of chaos property in nonlinear system under maple environment is given.
Case 8 (2012)

Abstract This is a case from the Cases that Should be Diagnosed on a Chest Radiograph section of Chest Imaging Cases. The specific content of each case and its diagnosis are necessarily hidden from this abstract. Each case contains case history, followed immediately by the diagnosis, which is supported with findings, differential diagnosis, teaching points, management, and further reading suggestions.
Determination of peracids in the presence of a large excess of hydrogen peroxide using a rapid and convenient spectrophotometric method (1988)

Peracids can be determined in the presence of up to a 1000-fold excess of hydrogen peroxide by taking advantage of the much greater rate of reaction of the peracid with iodide. A fast, convenient and accurate spectrophotometric method is described that involves a simple linear extrapolation. The effects of a number of experimental variables on the accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity of the method are described. The method has been applied to the determination of the peracetic acid formed during the perhydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate.
Neuroprotective Effect of Green Tea Polyphenol, EGCG in Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease (2008)

Disrupted iron metabolism leading to excessive iron can promote oxidative stress and subsequently induce neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Major green tea polyphenol, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has both antioxidant and iron chelating properties. In the present study, we determined the prevention and neurorescue potential of EGCG (25mg/kg, oral administration) against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 25 or 20 mg /kg , IP) induced neurotoxicity in iron‐overloaded mice (2.5% carbonyl iron for 7d). EGCG (7d) prevented MPTP induced neurotoxicity by increasing the locomotor activity (p<0.0001), the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons (p<0.01), and striatal dopamine (DA) concentrations (p<0.05). Neurorescue effect was also seen in striatal DA with EGCG (10d) administration after MPTP treatment. In vitro studies with mice brain sections showed reduction in TH activity with iron, in a dose dependent manner (10–100 μM) and EGCG (100 μM) partially reversed the effect which may be due to its iron binding capability. Collectively, our results demonstrated that EGCG not only prevented MPTP induced neurodegeneration, but also rescued dopaminergic neurons after MPTP treatment in iron excess condition. Supported by Center for Designing Foods to Improve Nutrition, Iowa State University.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of the Ocular Fundus in Mice (2014)

Although fluorescence lifetime values differ among mouse strains, we found little variance within the groups. Fundus autofluorescence lifetime imaging in mice may provide additional information for understanding retinal disease processes and may facilitate monitoring of therapeutic effects in preclinical studies.
The chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1 (CXCL12) promotes glioma invasiveness through MT2-matrix metalloproteinase (2005)

Chemokines have been found to alter tumor growth and metastasis. We have described previously that a particular chemokine receptor, CXCR4, was predominantly expressed on various glioma cell lines and in resected glioblastoma specimens. Herein, we have tested the ligand of CXCR4, stromal cell derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha, CXCL12), on the response of human glioma cells. We found that SDF-1alpha increased the expression of membrane type-2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2-MMP), but not the other MT-MMPs, MMP-2 or MMP-9. The SDF-1alpha enhanced MT2-MMP expression was blocked by a CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. Functional invasion assays showed that SDF-1alpha stimulated glioma cells to invade through matrigel-coated chambers and this effect was inhibited in glioma cells by the stable downregulation of MT2-MMP expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA). In vivo and at asymptomatic stages following intracerebral implant of cells, mice harboring MT2-MMP siRNA downregulated clones had smaller and less invasive tumors compared with mice implanted with non-specific siRNA control cells. Analyses at symptomatic stages demonstrate that mice with MT2-MMP siRNA clones survive longer than mice harboring control cells. These results highlight MT2-MMP as an effector of CXCR4 signaling in glioma cells, and they reveal the novel role of MT2-MMP in modulating tumor activity.
Cantilever-in-cantilever micromachined pressure sensors fabricated in CMOS technology (2003)

The resonance characteristics of an oscillating microcantilever are modified due to the changing damping effects as the ambient air pressure varies. Such a device may be employed as a pressure sensor. We have designed modeled, and tested a CMOS micromachined magnetically actuated cantilever pressure sensor. Five variations of a cantilever-in-cantilever (CIC) device were tested for changes in amplitude of oscillation, resonant frequency, quality factor, damping relation, and actuating current required as the pressure was varied from 15 to 1450 Torr.
Low Voltage, Low Power, Compact, High Accuracy, High Precision PTAT Temperature Sensor for Deep Sub-micron CMOS Systems (2008)

Temperature measurement is becoming increasingly important in integrated circuits and microsystems; nevertheless, existing techniques for the integration of high accuracy, high precision temperature sensors are not optimal for deep sub-micron CMOS processes. Here we describe a low voltage, low power, compact, high accuracy, high precision temperature sensor for deep sub-micron CMOS systems; our approach takes advantage of charge balancing and charge sharing for low current consumption, does not use resistors for compactness, and takes advantage of both PTAT and autozero techniques for high accuracy and high precision; the circuit can be operated at low supply voltages. As a proof of concept, we report transistor level simulations in a standard 0.13 mum process; the sensor only sinks about 6 muA from a 1.2 V supply voltage, achieving a power dissipation as low as 7.2 muW.