gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetometry of Ingested Particles in Pulmonary Macrophages (1984)

Sensitive magnetometry has shown that, after inhalation of airborne magnetic dust by humans or animals, particles retained within the lungs rotate. A number of mechanisms for this rotation have been proposed, including motions of breathing, particle thermal energy, cardiac pulsations, surface fluid flows, and macrophage cytoplasmic movements. In this study the cellular mechanism was examined by magnetometry and videomicroscopy of pulmonary macrophages removed from hamster lungs 1 day after inhalation of a maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) aerosol. The field remaining after magnetization was measured in adherent cells and was found to decay rapidly to 30 percent of its initial magnitude within 12 minutes. The remanent-field decay rate was slowed by inhibitors of cytoplasmic motion. Videomicroscopy of pulmonary macrophages with phagocytized gamma-Fe2O3 showed amoeboid motions that rotated the particles away from their original direction of magnetization. The results confirm that macrophage cytoplasmic movement is a primary cause of remanent-field decay in lungs and that magnetometry can be used to quantify intracellular contractile activity.
Genomic Instability Associated with p53 Knockdown in the Generation of Huntington’s Disease Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2016)

Alterations in DNA damage response and repair have been observed in Huntington's disease (HD). We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from primary dermal fibroblasts of 5 patients with HD and 5 control subjects. A significant fraction of the HD iPSC lines had genomic abnormalities as assessed by karyotype analysis, while none of our control lines had detectable genomic abnormalities. We demonstrate a statistically significant increase in genomic instability in HD cells during reprogramming. We also report a significant association with repeat length and severity of this instability. Our karyotypically normal HD iPSCs also have elevated ATM-p53 signaling as shown by elevated levels of phosphorylated p53 and H2AX, indicating either elevated DNA damage or hypersensitive DNA damage signaling in HD iPSCs. Thus, increased DNA damage responses in the HD genotype is coincidental with the observed chromosomal aberrations. We conclude that the disease causing mutation in HD increases the propensity of chromosomal instability relative to control fibroblasts specifically during reprogramming to a pluripotent state by a commonly used episomal-based method that includes p53 knockdown.
Continuous enhancement in model-based software development and recent trends (2019)

This paper deals with recent optimization trends of model-based software development in automotive industry. Over the past years, there has been a growing interest in software development optimization due to increasing amount and complexity of code, higher safety requirements, and increasing efficiency demands. Key elements of the process are identified and possible improvement is drawn based on experience during software development in ZF. One important direction of optimization is code generation directly from a model which is created in Matlab Simulink. A model transformation suitable for automatically generated code is described and possible advantages are shown in a real example.
An AP-1 Binding Site in the Enhancer/Core Element of the HIV-1 Promoter Controls the Ability of HIV-1 To Establish Latent Infection (2012)

Following integration, HIV-1 in most cases produces active infection events; however, in some rare instances, latent infection events are established. The latter have major clinical implications, as latent infection allows the virus to persist despite antiretroviral therapy. Both the cellular factors and the viral elements that potentially determine whether HIV-1 establishes active or latent infection events remain largely elusive. We detail here the contribution of different long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences for the establishment of latent HIV-1 infection. Using a panel of full-length replication-competent virus constructs that reflect naturally occurring differences of HIV-1 subtype-specific LTRs and targeted LTR mutants, we found the primary ability of HIV-1 to establish latent infection in this system to be controlled by a four-nucleotide (nt) AP-1 element just upstream of the NF-κB element in the viral promoter. Deletion of this AP-1 site mostly deprived HIV-1 of the ability to establish latent HIV-1 infection. Extension of this site to a 7-nt AP-1 sequence massively promoted latency establishment, suggesting that this promoter region represents a latency establishment element (LEE). Given that these minimal changes in a transcription factor binding site affect latency establishment to such large extent, our data support the notion that HIV-1 latency is a transcription factor restriction phenomenon.
Functional and Neuroanatomical Effects of Vaginal Distention and Pudendal Nerve Crush in the Female Rat (2003)

These results suggest that the pudendal nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury during vaginal distention in this animal model. The 2 injury models may be useful for investigating the pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence.
ATP: the red blood cell link to NO and local control of the pulmonary circulation (1996)

Recently, we reported that rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) were required for the expression of nitric oxide (NO) activity on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in rabbit lungs. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that RBCs participate in the regulation of PVR via release of ATP in response to mechanical deformation that, in turn, evokes vascular NO synthesis. We found that rabbit and human RBCs, but not dog RBCs, release ATP in response to mechanical deformation. To determine the contribution of this ATP to NO synthesis and PVR, we compared the effects of human and dog RBCs on pressure-flow relationships in isolated rabbit lungs. In the presence of human RBCs, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM) produced a shift in the pressure-flow relationship consistent with a reduction in vascular caliber. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester had no effect in lungs perfused with dog RBCs. These results suggest a unique mechanism for the control of PVR in rabbits and humans whereby release of ATP by RBCs in response to mechanical deformation leads to stimulation of NO synthesis that, in turn, modulates the PVR.
Estimation and partitioning of polygenic variation captured by common SNPs for Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and endometriosis (2012)

Common diseases such as endometriosis (ED), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) account for a significant proportion of the health care burden in many countries. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for these diseases have identified a number of individual genetic variants contributing to the risk of those diseases. However, the effect size for most variants is small and collectively the known variants explain only a small proportion of the estimated heritability. We used a linear mixed model to fit all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) simultaneously, and estimated genetic variances on the liability scale using SNPs from GWASs in unrelated individuals for these three diseases. For each of the three diseases, case and control samples were not all genotyped in the same laboratory. We demonstrate that a careful analysis can obtain robust estimates, but also that insufficient quality control (QC) of SNPs can lead to spurious results and that too stringent QC is likely to remove real genetic signals. Our estimates show that common SNPs on commercially available genotyping chips capture significant variation contributing to liability for all three diseases. The estimated proportion of total variation tagged by all SNPs was 0.26 (SE 0.04) for ED, 0.24 (SE 0.03) for AD and 0.30 (SE 0.03) for MS. Further, we partitioned the genetic variance explained into five categories by a minor allele frequency (MAF), by chromosomes and gene annotation. We provide strong evidence that a substantial proportion of variation in liability is explained by common SNPs, and thereby give insights into the genetic architecture of the diseases.
Effects of drift region parameters on the static properties of power LDMOST (1981)

The effects of the drift region geometry and the physical parameters on the thin layer (resurfed) lateral DMOS transistor operation have been studied for both the static on-state and the off-state. The variations of breakdown voltage with drift region parameters were investigated using numerical modeling and compared to the experimental results. The operation of the LDMOST in the on-channel condition was modeled semi-empirically. The analytical and experimental results show that the operation of the device depends strongly on the geometry and the physical parameters of the drift region, particularly at high gate voltages and low drain voltages. Design guidelines for the lateral DMOS transistor for switching applications are discussed.
Data Leak Detection As a Service: Challenges and Solutions (2012)

We describe a network-based data-leak detection (DLD) technique, the main feature of which is that the detection does not require the data owner to reveal the content of the sensitive data. Instead, only a small amount of specialized digests are needed. Our technique – referred to as the fuzzy fingerprint – can be used to detect accidental data leaks due to human errors or application flaws. The privacy-preserving feature of our algorithms minimizes the exposure of sensitive data and enables the data owner to safely delegate the detection to others.We describe how cloud providers can offer their customers data-leak detection as an add-on service with strong privacy guarantees. We perform extensive experimental evaluation on the privacy, efficiency, accuracy and noise tolerance of our techniques. Our evaluation results under various data-leak scenarios and setups show that our method can support accurate detection with very small number of false alarms, even when the presentation of the data has been transformed. It also indicates that the detection accuracy does not degrade when partial digests are used. We further provide a quantifiable method to measure the privacy guarantee offered by our fuzzy fingerprint framework.
Diels-Alder Reaction between Butadiene and Cyclopentadiene (1972)

The fourteen trimers were synthesized by the addition reaction of butadiene or cyclopentadiene with their dimers (4-vinylcyclohexene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydroindene or dicyclopentadiene). The products were separated by fractional distillation or preparative gas chromatography. Although some of the trimers could not be separated with good purity by contamination with other isomers, the structure of each trimer was confirmed by means of NMR spectroscopy. The isolated products were used successfully as authentic compounds for identification of each trimer in the reaction products by gas chromatography. The conformational isomers of cyclopentadiene trimer was also investigated.
Monitoring of the fiber Bragg grating fabrication process (2004)

We report first experimental results on real-time monitoring of the complex coupling coefficient along fiber Bragg grating under fabrication based on its simple relationship with the grating complex reflection coefficient measured at a single wavelength.
Continuing motivation beyond the high school classroom (2001)

This chapter examines the relationship between engagement in high school math and science classes, later academic performance, and choice of college major. Quantitative analyses are complemented by case studies of college students who exhibited high or low engagement in high school.
Nanocrystal flash memory fabricated with protein-mediated assembly (2006)

For the first time, we demonstrate that a chaperonin protein lattice can be used as a template to assemble nanocrystal arrays for flash memory fabrication. This provides a brand new approach that can incorporate different types of nanocrystals from a colloidal suspension for flash memory fabrication. Lead selenide (PbSe) and cobalt (Co) nanocrystal assemblies achieved through this method have a high density of 9.5 times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 1.6 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12 </sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively, as well as very good distribution uniformity. Devices exhibit promising flash memory functions, with a flat band shift of 0.5V under 8V operation, endurance >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> cycles and retention time >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> seconds
Health for all by the year 2000. (1976)

President Roosevelt encloses a letter from James Sullivan Clarkson for Senator Hanna's attention. Roosevelt suggests that they send people to the conventions in order to influence and report on proceedings.
Cell domain‐dependent changes in the glutamatergic and GABAergic drives during epileptogenesis in the rat CA1 region (2006)

An increased ratio of the glutamatergic drive to the overall glutamatergic/GABAergic drive characterizes the chronic stage of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but it is unclear whether this modification is present during the latent period that often precedes the epileptic stage. Using the pilocarpine model of TLE in rats, we report that this ratio is decreased in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells during the early phase of the latent period (3-5 days post pilocarpine). It is, however, increased during the late phase of the latent period (7-10 days post pilocarpine), via cell domain-dependent alterations in synaptic current properties, concomitant with the occurrence of interictal-like activity in vivo. During the late latent period, the glutamatergic drive was increased in somata via an enhancement in EPSC decay time constant and in dendrites via an increase in EPSC frequency and amplitude. The GABAergic drive remained unchanged in the soma but was decreased in dendrites, since the drop off in IPSC frequency was more marked than the increase in IPSC kinetics. Theoretical considerations suggest that these modifications are sufficient to produce interictal-like activity. In epileptic animals, the ratio of the glutamatergic drive to the overall synaptic drive was not further modified, despite additional changes in synaptic current frequency and kinetics. These results show that the global changes to more glutamatergic and less GABAergic activities in the CA1 region precede the chronic stage of epilepsy, possibly facilitating the occurrence and/or the propagation of interictal activity.
Inhibitive Effect of Some Aldehydes on Corrosion ofAl-3Mg Alloy in Acid Solutions (1998)

2M 盐酸答案被使用，极化和重量损失大小的方法被采用。二个方法给抑制效率的一样的命令。极化研究表明那天主教极化比阳极的更显著。结果显示那优秀腐蚀阻抑剂和与禁止者的类型和集中变化并且在下列的百分比效率订的所有学习混合物：p- methoxy-benzaldehyde (1 ) 苯甲醛(2 ) p-chlorobenzaldehyde (3 ) p-nitrobenzaldehyde (4 ) 。吸附的添加剂的表面范围的度被决定，结果服从兰米尔等温线。在使用的禁止者的不同集中的缺席和存在的腐蚀率上的温度的效果被使用重量损失大小调查。结果显示腐蚀率很快与增加温度增加。(编辑作者摘要) 19 个裁判员。
Gold cluster formation at the interface of a gold/Langmuir-Blodgett film/gold microsandwich resulting in Coulomb charging phenomena (1999)

Structural analysis of the cross section of gold/Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) polymer film/gold sandwich structures was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the obtained results were complemented by electron transport investigations of the sandwich structures. The polymer film consisted of four to ten LB monolayers of a nonconducting polymer. TEM analysis of the sandwich cross section revealed a number of gold particles, 2–5 nm in size, formed during the fabrication process within the LB film close to the top electrode. Low temperature dc-transport measurements showed current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with equidistant steps that are not expected if the polymer film is thought to form a single laterally extended tunneling barrier between the metal electrodes. This feature can be understood, however, on the basis of the Coulomb blockade model applied to cluster-like metallic inclusions acting as an island separated from both Au electrodes by tunneling barriers.
A fast algorithm for the design of narrow-band multirate digital filters (2005)

The design of multirate bandpass filters requires a search for the optimum multistage structure. The size of the search space grows exponentially as the filter bandwidth decreases, and excessive computer time is required to search it exhaustively. A fast branch-and-bound algorithm for searching this space is presented. In our tests, this algorithm decreases search time by an average factor which increases from 7.7 to 23.0 as the filter passband width decreases from 8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> to 3.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> . It is also shown that when coefficient storage is the cost criterion, the actual filter structure resembles an unrealizable optimum filter structure for small bandwidth filters.
Unpredictability and undecidability in dynamical systems (1990)

We show that motion with as few as three degrees of freedom (for instance, a particle moving in a three-dimensional potential) can be equivalent to a Turing machine, and so be capable of universal computation. Such systems possess a type of unpredictability qualitatively stronger than that which has been previously discussed in the study of low-dimensional chaos: Even if the initial conditions are known exactly, virtually any question about their long-term dynamics is undecidable.
XIX. On the origin of the mineral, structural, and chemical characters of ophites and related rocks (1879)

Abstract The authors, beginning with (A) “The different kinds of rocks treated of,” in their memoir, divide them into two groups. The first, “Silacid Ophites,” is represented by serpentinite (common at the Lizard) and other rocks, essentially composed of serpentinous minerals: it includes a subsection, comprising peridolites and some others, all slightly hydrated. The second, “Silocarbacid Ophites,” consists of rocks, which, in addition to serpentinons minerals, contain a mineral carbonate—for example, ophi-calcite.: its subsection is represented by hemithrenes. The relation of the first group, through its subsection, to ordinary metamorphic rocks, also of the second group, through its subsection, to carrarites and dolomites is pointed out.
A human dendritic cell-based method to identify CD4+ T-cell epitopes in potential protein allergens. (2003)

We developed an assay to determine the location of immunodominant CD4(+) T-cell epitopes in any protein. The method uses CD4(+) T cells from community donors in conjunction with dendritic cells derived in vitro. Synthetic peptides constructed to describe the sequence of the protein of interest are cocultured with dendritic cells and CD4(+) T cells, and T-cell proliferation is measured. Data are compiled over a large replicate of human donors to pinpoint immunodominant, usually promiscuous epitope regions. We have applied this technique to a known food allergen, the Brazil nut 2S storage globulin protein, and to two potential food allergens, the Cry1Ab and Cry3Aa proteins. We show epitope data for these three proteins. This assay can be used as a tool to guide the selection and qualification of future potential food transgenes.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane over supported V-Mo mixed oxides (2010)

Vanadium-molybdenum oxides supported on Al2O3, CeO2 and TiO2 were prepared by a ?wet? impregnation method, characterized using DRX, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements and tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane. The catalytic performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane at 400-550?C depended on the nature of support and on the content of VMoO species on the support. The catalysts supported on alumina were more active and selective than those supported on ceria and titania.
Giant Electroresistance of Super-tetragonal BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-Based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions (2013)

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions enable a nondestructive readout of the ferroelectric state via a change of resistance induced by switching the ferroelectric polarization. We fabricated submicrometer solid-state ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on a recently discovered polymorph of BiFeO3 with giant axial ratio ("T-phase"). Applying voltage pulses to the junctions leads to the highest resistance changes (OFF/ON ratio >10,000) ever reported with ferroelectric tunnel junctions. Along with the good retention properties, this giant effect reinforces the interest in nonvolatile memories based on ferroelectric tunnel junctions. We also show that the changes in resistance scale with the nucleation and growth of ferroelectric domains in the ultrathin BiFeO3 (imaged by piezoresponse force microscopy), thereby suggesting potential as multilevel memory cells and memristors.
Sonochemistry: current uses and future prospects in the chemical and processing industries (1999)

Over the last few years, a large number of chemists and engineers working in synthesis and processing have developed an interest in sonochemistry: the applications of power ultrasound in chemistry. Scientific papers reporting the remarkable results obtained using sonochemistry are plentiful and yet the subject still does not seem to be accepted generally within the chemical community. There are two factors that contribute to this. One is a general resistance to the idea that sound energy can be used as a driving force for chemical transformations. The second relates to what appears to be a lack of equipment for scale–up. Many commercially important projects that involve sonochemistry are not within the strict confines of chemistry itself and can be found in processing technologies. In this article several current applications of power ultrasound in both chemistry and processing will be explored with a view to assessing the future for sonochemistry itself.
Synthesis of a Series of Symmetrically Disubstituted Diacetylenes with Polychlorophenyl Rings as Side Groups and Linear Polyether Chains as Spacers (1992)

Aryl disubstituted diacetylenes with spacers of different lengths (CH2O, CH2OCH2CH2O, and CH2OCH2CH2CH2O) have been synthesized.Smaller homologues of the series were readily obtained by nucleophilic substitutions on 2,4-hexadiynylene bis(p-toluenesul-fonate). However higher homologues could not be prepared by this method from the corresponding extended bistosylates due to their low reactivities. The observed decrease of reactivity with phenoxides of such extended bistosylates is ascribed to folded conformations adopted by these derivatives. Consequently, the synthesis of higher members of the series was carried out by a multistep procedure involving appropriately functionalized monoacetylenes.