gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral manifestations of previously undiagnosed non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (1990)

The oral manifestations are described of 43 patients with previously undiagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDD) who presented to an Oral Medicine Unit in a 24-month period. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by measurement of fasting blood glucose and where necessary by a glucose tolerance test. Sixteen patients had burning mouth syndrome, ten patients had unusually prolonged fungal and/or bacterial infections, nine patients had a nonspecific condition such as altered taste, six patients had an oral mucosal lesion such as erosive lichen planus, one patient had sialosis and one patient complained of sialorrhoea. The frequency of undiagnosed NIDD was twice that expected among the general population. Treatment directed at improving glycemic control also produced resolution of the patients' oral symptoms in most cases.
Lymphotoxin β receptor signaling promotes tertiary lymphoid organogenesis in the aorta adventitia of aged <i>ApoE</i> −/− mice (2009)

Atherosclerosis involves a macrophage-rich inflammation in the aortic intima. It is increasingly recognized that this intimal inflammation is paralleled over time by a distinct inflammatory reaction in adjacent adventitia. Though cross talk between the coordinated inflammatory foci in the intima and the adventitia seems implicit, the mechanism(s) underlying their communication is unclear. Here, using detailed imaging analysis, microarray analyses, laser-capture microdissection, adoptive lymphocyte transfers, and functional blocking studies, we undertook to identify this mechanism. We show that in aged apoE(-/-) mice, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) beneath intimal plaques in abdominal aortae become activated through lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR) to express the lymphorganogenic chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21. These signals in turn trigger the development of elaborate bona fide adventitial aortic tertiary lymphoid organs (ATLOs) containing functional conduit meshworks, germinal centers within B cell follicles, clusters of plasma cells, high endothelial venules (HEVs) in T cell areas, and a high proportion of T regulatory cells. Treatment of apoE(-/-) mice with LTbetaR-Ig to interrupt LTbetaR signaling in SMCs strongly reduced HEV abundance, CXCL13, and CCL21 expression, and disrupted the structure and maintenance of ATLOs. Thus, the LTbetaR pathway has a major role in shaping the immunological characteristics and overall integrity of the arterial wall.
Blind beamforming on a randomly distributed sensor array system (1998)

We consider a digital signal processing sensor array system, based on randomly distributed sensor nodes, for surveillance and source localization applications. In most array processing the sensor array geometry is fixed and known and the steering array vector/manifold information is used in beamformation. In this system, array calibration may be impractical due to unknown placement and orientation of the sensors with unknown frequency/spatial responses. This paper proposes a blind beamforming technique, using only the measured sensor data, to form either a sample data or a sample correlation matrix. The maximum power collection criterion is used to obtain array weights from the dominant eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of a matrix eigenvalue problem. Theoretical justification of this approach uses a generalization of Szego's (1958) theory of the asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues of the Toeplitz form. An efficient blind beamforming time delay estimate of the dominant source is proposed. Source localization based on a least squares (LS) method for time delay estimation is also given. Results based on analysis, simulation, and measured acoustical sensor data show the effectiveness of this beamforming technique for signal enhancement and space-time filtering.
RAPID METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF GLYCEROL IN FERMENTATION SOLUTIONS (1950)

The glycerol is quantitatively oxidized to formaldehyde by periodic acid, using a five minute oxidation period to minimize oxidation of glucose. The iodate and periodate are reduced to iodide by a large excess of sodium arsenite and the formaldehyde then determined directly in the oxidation mixture, by the color reaction with chromotropic acid. The precision of the method is about ± 2% in the range 2 to 8 p.p.m. of glycerol. The error due to glucose, in quantity equal to the glycerol, is only 2.5 to 5.0% and can be easily corrected for when the glucose content of the solution is known. One worker can analyze 40 to 60 samples per day.
Macromolecular Bipill of Gemcitabine and Methotrexate Facilitates Tumor-Specific Dual Drug Therapy with Higher Benefit-to-Risk Ratio (2014)

The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of a novel macromolecular bipill, synthesized by appending two different anticancer agents, viz., gemcitabine (GEM) and methotrexate (MTX), to the distal ends of a long-circulating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer. Covalent conjugation of GEM and MTX via PEG linker not only transformed the solubility profiles of constituent drug molecules, but significantly improved their stability in the presence of plasma. In vitro cytotoxicity studies confirmed that GEM-PEG-MTX exerts higher cytotoxicity (IC50 0.181 μM at 24 h) in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell lines, when compared to free drug congeners, i.e., free GEM (IC50 0.294 μM at 24 h) and free MTX (IC50 0.591 μM at 24 h). Tumor growth inhibition studies in chemically induced breast cancer bearing rats established the superiority of GEM-PEG-MTX conjugate over all other pharmaceutical preparations including free drugs, physical mixture of GEM and MTX, and PEGylated GEM/MTX. Toxicity studies in tumor bearing rats as well as healthy mice corroborated that dual drug conjugation is an effective means to synergize the therapeutic indices of potential drug candidates while alleviating drug-associated side effects.
Speechnet: a network of hyperlinked speech-accessible objects (2003)

The dominant technology for electronic communication and commerce, the telephone, does not discriminate between sighted and non-sighted users. The Web does discriminate. The Web is primarily based on text and visual scanning. Much of its functionality is inaccessible to visually-challenged users, or in applications where visual scanning is inappropriate. A solution is to augment the Web with a network of speech-accessible hyperlinked objects. Each of these objects has an associated grammar which defines the language that the object can respond to. These grammars are downloaded to "speech" browsers which use them to configure their speech-recognizers. This results in highly accurate user-independent continuous-speech interfaces to remote knowledge and functions. A prototype Speechnet has been constructed using IBM's Via Voice speech technology and a common Internet communication protocol.
Characterization of four rice mutants with alterations in the defence response pathway (2004)

SUMMARY A fast-neutron mutagenized population of rice seedlings was screened with Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast disease, to identify mutants with alterations in the defence response. Three mutant lines, ebr1, ebr2 and ebr3 (enhanced blast resistance) were identified that display enhanced resistance to M. grisea. ebr1 and ebr3 also confer enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). ebr3 develops a lesion mimic (LM) phenotype upon inoculation with M. grisea, and the phenotype is also induced by a shift in environmental conditions. The fourth mutant line, ncr1 (necrosis in rice), has an LM phenotype under all conditions tested and lacks enhanced resistance to either M. grisea or Xoo. Complementation testing using the mutant lines ebr3 and ncr1 indicates that the ebr3 and ncr1 loci are nonallelic and recessive. ebr1 and ebr2 display no alterations in expression of the rice pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PBZ1 and PR1, compared to wild-type CO39. ebr3 has an elevated expression of PBZ1 and PR1 only in tissue displaying the LM phenotype. ncr1 strongly expresses PBZ1 in tissue displaying the LM phenotype, whereas PR1 expression in this tissue is similar to wild-type CO39.
High-Performance Low-Cost 10-Gb/s Coaxial DFB Laser Module Packaging by Conventional TO-Can Materials and Processes (2006)

High-performance low-cost 10-Gb/s coaxial DFB laser module packages made by conventional TO-Can materials and processes are developed and fabricated. The laser module has a built-in matching resistor to reduce the resonant phenomenon. In order to optimize the module's performance, a detailed equivalent circuit model is established to investigate both the DFB laser diode and the coaxial package comprehensively. This uncooled 10-Gb/s laser module operates at a high temperature of up to 105degC, and maintains an eye mask margin above 28% in the full operational temperature range to meet the stringent requirements of 10-Gb/s Ethernet for long-reach applications. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to fabricate cost-effective packages using existing low-cost TO-Can package technology while maintaining the high performance of the 10-Gb/s coaxial laser modules. Previously, the high-performance 10-Gb/s coaxial laser modules have only been available by using complicated design, customized components, and specialized fabrication process
Inspection of hard-to-reach industrial parts using small-diameter probes (2006)

Inspection of industrial surfaces sometimes requires threading an optical probe inside the part through small apertures only a few millimeters or even smaller in diameter. The surfaces can be imaged with specially bundled fibers. But accurate 3D mapping in the micron range is a more challenging problem.
Prevalence of faecal incontinence in adults aged 40 years or more living in the community (2002)

This study has confirmed that faecal incontinence is a fairly common symptom, particularly in older people. Faecal incontinence in men has received little attention in the past and the results from this study indicate that it is as much of a problem in men as it is in women while the level of unmet need in this group is high. Estimates of need for health care for this symptom should be multidimensional and assess both the severity of symptoms and the impact it has on quality of life.
Complexity of Pain Management Among Patients with Nociceptive or Neuropathic Neck, Back, or Osteoarthritis Diagnoses (2014)

Choosing the appropriate pain treatment involves assessing currently used medications for existing illnesses and deciding on the appropriate types of pain medications. However, potentially serious drug-drug interactions are a consequence of multiple drug use, and such a potential requires thoughtful consideration by those involved in patient care.
Epipolar Consistency in Transmission Imaging (2015)

This paper presents the derivation of the Epipolar Consistency Conditions (ECC) between two X-ray images from the Beer-Lambert law of X-ray attenuation and the Epipolar Geometry of two pinhole cameras, using Grangeat's theorem. We motivate the use of Oriented Projective Geometry to express redundant line integrals in projection images and define a consistency metric, which can be used, for instance, to estimate patient motion directly from a set of X-ray images. We describe in detail the mathematical tools to implement an algorithm to compute the Epipolar Consistency Metric and investigate its properties with detailed random studies on both artificial and real FD-CT data. A set of six reference projections of the CT scan of a fish were used to evaluate accuracy and precision of compensating for random disturbances of the ground truth projection matrix using an optimization of the consistency metric. In addition, we use three X-ray images of a pumpkin to prove applicability to real data. We conclude, that the metric might have potential in applications related to the estimation of projection geometry. By expression of redundancy between two arbitrary projection views, we in fact support any device or acquisition trajectory which uses a cone-beam geometry. We discuss certain geometric situations, where the ECC provide the ability to correct 3D motion, without the need for 3D reconstruction.
Estimating interleaved comparison outcomes from historical click data (2012)

Interleaved comparison methods, which compare rankers using click data, are a promising alternative to traditional information retrieval evaluation methods that require expensive explicit judgments. A major limitation of these methods is that they assume access to live data, meaning that new data must be collected for every pair of rankers compared. We investigate the use of previously collected click data (i.e., historical data) for interleaved comparisons. We start by analyzing to what degree existing interleaved comparison methods can be applied and find that a recent probabilistic method allows such data reuse, even though it is biased when applied to historical data. We then propose an interleaved comparison method that is based on the probabilistic approach but uses importance sampling to compensate for bias. We experimentally confirm that probabilistic methods make the use of historical data for interleaved comparisons possible and effective.
Nanostrukturierte Silikate – Insektizide Wirkung und neue Entwicklungen (2012)

Die insektizide Wirkung inerter Stäube ist bereits seit Jahrhunderten bekannt, jedoch wurde der genaue Wirkmechanismus vieler Stäube erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten untersucht. Die insektizide Eigenschaft von Silikatstäuben wird auf die Physisorption von Cuticularlipiden und damit einhergehende Zerstörung der Wachsschicht der Epicuticula sowie folgende Austrocknung der Arthropoden (entsprechend den Fickschen Diffusionsgesetzen) zurückgeführt. Die insektiziden Eigenschaften und deren Wirkungsgrad werden vorrangig über die spezifischen Oberflächen bestimmt. Dabei haben große Oberflächen einen höheren Wirkungsgrad als kleine Oberflächen und lassen sich hydrophobe Materialien vielseitiger einsetzen als hydrophile. Im vorliegenden Manuskript wird auf die Verwendung von amorphen Silikaten in unterschiedlichen Formulierungen in den Bereichen Geflügelhaltung, Vorratsschutz und Gartenbau eingegangen. Dabei stehen seit neuestem nicht mehr Stäube sondern vielmehr Flüssigformulierungen im Vordergrund. DOI: 10.5073/JfK.2013.03.06, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2013.03.06
Gossypol Action on the Production and Utilization of ATP in Sea Urchin Spermatozoa (1982)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from Arbacia punctulata sperm was inhibited by 76%, 40%, and 8% at gossypol concentrations of 50, 20, and 10 μM, respectively. Activities of Mg2+- and Na+, K+-dependent ATPases from sperm mitochondria of Hemicentrotus pulcherrius were also inhibited proportionally to the concentrations of gossypol, ranging from 10 to 80 μM. Gossypol inhibits the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and Na+, K+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPases of sea urchin spermatozoa, thereby influencing mitochondrial function and flagellar movement.
Influence de faibles concentrations de huit désinfectants sur l'activité d'un levain à Cheddar (1982)

de faibles concentrations de huit dsinfectants sur l'activit d'un levain Cheddar
A comparison of rapid prototyping techniques used for wind tunnel model fabrication (1998)

For faster new product introduction aerospace companies are interested in reducing the time it takes to make wind tunnel models. The increased capabilities of rapid prototyping technologies has made them attractive for this purpose. A study was done of rapid prototyping technologies and their ability to make components for wind tunnel models in a timely and cost effective manner. Components and corresponding fabrication technologies were put into three categories: non‐structurally loaded, lightly loaded and highly loaded according to the stress endured during wind tunnel tests. Rapid prototyping technologies were found capable for non‐structurally loaded parts, but numerically controlled machining was still best for any part enduring significant loads.
Benefits and Risks of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy When It Is Initiated Soon After Menopause (2009)

The authors further analyzed results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized trials (1993-2004) of conjugated equine estrogens, with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate, focusing on health benefits versus risks among women who initiated hormone therapy soon after menopause. Data from the Women's Health Initiative observational study (1993-2004) were included in some analyses for additional precision. Results are presented here for incident coronary heart disease, stroke, venous thromboembolism, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, or hip fracture; death from other causes; a summary global index; total cancer; and total mortality. Hazard ratios for breast cancer and total cancer were comparatively higher (P < 0.05) among women who initiated hormone therapy soon after menopause, for both regimens. Among these women, use of conjugated equine estrogens appeared to produce elevations in venous thromboembolism and stroke and a reduction in hip fracture. Estrogen plus progestin results among women who initiated use soon after menopause were similar for venous thromboembolism, stroke, and hip fracture but also included evidence of longer-term elevations in breast cancer, total cancer, and the global index. These analyses provide little support for the hypothesis of favorable effects among women who initiate postmenopausal estrogen use soon after menopause, either for coronary heart disease or for health benefits versus risk indices considered.
Induction of Apoptosis by 3,4′-Dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene in Human Promyeloid Leukemic HL-60 Cells (2002)

3, 4'-Dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene (DMHS) is a hydroxystilbene compound obtained by methylation and acid hydrolysis of piceid (resveratrol-3-O-glucoside) from Polygonum cuspidatum. Herein, we report that DMHS induces programmed cell death or apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. We found that treatment of HL-60 cells with DMHS suppressed the cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 25 microM. DMHS increased internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in a time-dependent manner. The cell death by DMHS was partially prevented by the caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk. DMHS caused activation of caspases such as caspase-3, -8, and -9. Immunoblot experiments revealed that DMHS-induced apoptosis was associated with the induction of Bax expression. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol was increased in response to DMHS. Taken together, our present results indicated that DMHS leads to apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells through increased Bax expression and release of cytochrome c into cytosol and may be considered as a good candidate for a cancer chemopreventive agent in humans.
Surviving the shortage of oil and gas professionals (2002)

Much has been written about the improvements in productivity in the exploration and production industry during the past decade. High profile technologies like 3-D seismic and directional drilling, as well as many less dramatic but significant changes, have received a lot of the credit for gains in the efficiency of locating and producing oil and gas. Coupled with the increase in M&A activity and the accompanying cycles of downsizing, few will not agree that a smaller number of individual geophysicists, engineers, and geologists are relying on new technology to manage a larger workload. A recent survey by Hart Publications (Hart's E&P, July 2001) revealed that the number of projects a given producing company engineer is responsible for has increased by more than 50% since 1990, and by 300% since 1970.
Chroma Coding Efficiency Improvement with Context Adaptive Lagrange Multiplier (CALM) (2007)

The increasing interest in higher fidelity video initiated the need of higher efficient coding. Color pictures are usually compressed in a luma-chroma coordinate space. One of the important components in H.264 encoding is to find optimal motion vectors and modes to minimize both luma and chroma coefficients bits. This paper proposes a new simple and efficient method to adjust Lagrange multipliers based on the context (context adaptive Lagrange multiplier or CALM), which improves the accuracy for the detection of true motion vectors as well as the most efficient encoding modes for luma which are used for deriving the motion vectors and modes for chroma. Simulation results show that the chroma bit rates can be reduced by 4.36% and 4.80% for U and V components respectively when compared with that of the JM reference software (version 10.2). In addition, the coding efficiency improvement is comparable to the more complicated rate-distortion optimized (RDO) mode decision techniques.
Organic solvent-tolerant mutants of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> display multiple antibiotic resistance (1999)

Organic solvent-tolerant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa selected in the presence of hexane exhibited increased resistance to a variety of structurally unrelated antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and novobiocin, a phenotype typical of nalB multidrug-resistant mutants. Western immunoblotting with antibodies specific to components of the three known multidrug efflux systems in P. aeruginosa demonstrated that the solvent-tolerant mutants displayed increased expression of the MexAB-OprM system and decreased expression of the MexEF-OprN system. Sequence analysis of mexR, the repressor gene of mexAB-oprM efflux operon, identified a nonsense mutation and a point mutation in the mexR genes of two solvent-tolerant mutants. These results emphasize the importance of the MexAB-OprM efflux system in organic solvent tolerance and the ability of environmental pollutants to select bacteria with a medically relevant antibiotic-resistant phenotype.
Possible involvement of central pacemakers in clinical disorders of movement. (1978)

This review considers the evidence for possible involvement of central nervous system pacemaker neurons in several clinical disorders of movement. Two basic types of tremor are discussed from this point of view, i.e., 4--7/sec parkinsonian tremor, of possible thalamocortical origin, and 7--11/sec essential tremor of possible olivo-cerebellar origin. The importance of motor programs and abnormalities in their utilization are considered with reference to the loss of motor function in parkinsonism (? loss of motor programs), and the inappropriate release of such programs as a possible basis for the involuntary movements seen in other movement disorders, such as chorea, athetosis, dystonia, and hemiballismus. The possible role of pacemaker neurons controlling such programs is considered. Finally, the subject of locomotion and the pacemaker model of the spinal locomotor pattern generator for stepping are considered in relation to clinical disorders of gait. While critical evidence is lacking for pacemaker inovlvement in any of these disorders, their possible role is emphasized.