gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Locating a Source of Air Pollution Using Inverse Modelling and Pre-computed Scenarios (2008)

An extension of the transition of a possible source of air pollution, as a combination of measurements and inverse modelling, based on Bayesian statistics, has been proposed. The method consists of two steps. The first one is creating a library of possible scenarios, where each scenario includes meteorological parameters, parameters related to the emission and calculated concentrations at measurement points. Once the library is formed, we calculate marginal probability function for the parameter that we would like to estimate. In the most cases parameters under consideration would be those related to the emission its position, intensity or duration. The parameter that we did estimation for was the position of the possible source, creating simulated measurements that had incorporated possible measuring errors. This, the second part of calculation, is extremely efficient and fast. The simplicity of the approach and its numerical efficiency qualifies it for the problem, especially in the operational mode. Members of the library and simulated measurements were generated using a puff model.
USE OF MILK CONCENTRATED BY ULTRAFILTRATION FOR MAKING HARD CHEESE, SOFT CHEESE AND YOGHURT* (1974)

Whole milk was concentrated by a factor of two by ultrafiltration. It was used directly for making Cheddar and Cheshire cheese, an unripened soft cheese of the Coulommier type, and yoghurt. The yields of hard cheese from the concentrated milk were the same as those from normal whole milk. The cheeses were acceptable though the flavour was milder than that of good quality Cheddar and Cheshire cheese. Medium fat soft cheeses were made from the concentrated milk. The yield of cheese was 41 per cent greater than that made from normal whole milk and the making time was half that of the normal process. The cheeses were consumed fresh or stored in deep freeze. For making yoghurt, the usual reinforcement with skim milk powder was not necessary as the concentrated milk had a high total solids content, nor was it necessary to homogenize the mix. The yoghurt contained 21 per cent total solids and was a very acceptable product.
Using appraisal groups for sentiment analysis (2005)

Little work to date in sentiment analysis (classifying texts by `positive' or `negative' orientation) has attempted to use fine-grained semantic distinctions in features used for classification. We present a new method for sentiment classification based on extracting and analyzing appraisal groups such as ``very good'' or ``not terribly funny''. An appraisal group is represented as a set of attribute values in several task-independent semantic taxonomies, based on Appraisal Theory. Semi-automated methods were used to build a lexicon of appraising adjectives and their modifiers. We classify movie reviews using features based upon these taxonomies combined with standard ``bag-of-words'' features, and report state-of-the-art accuracy of 90.2%. In addition, we find that some types of appraisal appear to be more significant for sentiment classification than others.
Demonstration of Four-wave-mixing induced Crosstalk Cancellation in 10-Gbit/s Phase Locked (2013)

This paper demonstrated four-wave mixing induced crosstalk cancellation in 10Gbit/s OOK signal phase locked multi-carrier transmission. Successful transmission over dispersion-shifted fiber was achieved within 1dB power penalty even though the crosstalk was −15dB.
Revisiting Ethernet: Plug-and-play made scalable and efficient (2007)

Because Ethernet bridging does not scale, most enterprise networks consist of small Ethernet-based subnets interconnected by IP routers. Although Ethernet's flat addressing and transparent bridging allow each subnet to run with minimal configuration, interconnecting subnets at the IP level introduces significant management overhead that increases with the size of the network. As an alternative, we propose a scalable and efficient zero-configuration enterprise (SEIZE) networking architecture. SEIZE provides plug-and-play capability via globally unique flat addressing, while ensuring scalability and efficiency through shortest-path routing and hash-based location resolution. Switches perform location resolution on demand and can cache the results to optimize routing paths and to reduce the number of location-resolution requests. We present a design overview of SEIZE and show that it attains the best of Ethernet and IP.
Evaluation of intravoxel incoherent motion using the Fourier analysis for prostate cancer (2015)

Poster: ECR 2015 / C-0023 / Evaluation of intravoxel incoherent motion using the Fourier analysis for prostate cancer by: A. Ogura1, K. Hayakawa2, F. Maeda2, N. Hayashi3; 1Gunma/JP, 2Kyoto/JP, 3Maebashi/JP
A well-defined silica-supported dinuclear tungsten(<scp>iii</scp>) amido species: synthesis, characterization and reactivity (2007)

Grafting of [W(2)(NMe(2))(6)] onto dehydroxylated silica affords the well-defined surface species [([triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-O)W(2)(NMe(2))(5)], characterized by elemental analysis, and infrared, Raman and NMR spectroscopies, and the catalytic reactivity of this supported tungsten(III) d(3)-d(3) dimer and of its alkoxide derivatives towards alkynes has been probed.
A microstructure for in situ determination of residual strain (1999)

This work presents a new strain sensor with a compact structure. The strain sensor comprises of a pair of cantilever beams with different lengths connected by a short tip. The residual strain causes two beams to deflect each other, thereby magnifying the deflection, which is measured by the tip. The displacement is independent of both Young's modulus and the film's thickness. An analytical model is derived to relate the measured displacement to residual strain. Finite-element modeling is also used to analyze the model. This work also thoroughly considers other factors that influence the designs and the implicit limitations of the strain sensors. Experimental results with an SiO/sub 2/ film as well as undoped LPCVD polysilicon films are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure.
Self-sustained nonlinear waves in traffic flow (2009)

In analogy to gas-dynamical detonation waves, which consist of a shock with an attached exothermic reaction zone, we consider herein nonlinear traveling wave solutions to the hyperbolic ("inviscid") continuum traffic equations. Generic existence criteria are examined in the context of the Lax entropy conditions. Our analysis naturally precludes traveling wave solutions for which the shocks travel downstream more rapidly than individual vehicles. Consistent with recent experimental observations from a periodic roadway [Y. Sugiyama, N. J. Phys. 10, 033001 (2008)], our numerical calculations show that nonlinear traveling waves are attracting solutions, with the time evolution of the system converging toward a wave-dominated configuration. Theoretical principles are elucidated by considering examples of traffic flow on open and closed roadways.
Apoptotic cell death induced by serum and its prevention by thiols (1994)

We recently reported that serum contains low molecular weight factors that inhibit growth and cause cell death in vitro. The present study focused on identifying components of basal media that counteract the toxic effects of serum. Amino acids L-cyst(e)ine and L-tryptophan were found to prevent serum-induced cell death of TIG-1 human fetal lung fibroblasts and other cell types. In addition to L-cysteine, other thiol-bearing and dithiol-cleaving compounds showed a similar ability to rescue the cells. Various inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis also prevented the cell death. By contrast, nonthiol-containing reducing agents and super oxide dismutase (SOD), an active oxygen-eliminating enzyme, were ineffective. Thiol compounds appeared to exert a supportive level in TIG-1 cells cultured in FBS, whereas protein synthesis inhibitors did not alter the reduced intracellular thiol content. Fragmentation of DNA occurred prior to the plasma membrane breakdown of dying cells. Taken together, these data suggest that serum-induced cell death represents a form of apoptosis in which molecules containing thiol groups are active participants.
THE SIEVE-TUBES OF CALYCANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS (1894)

Journal Article THE SIEVE-TUBES OF CALYCANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS Get access J. LLOYD WILLIAMS J. LLOYD WILLIAMS ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCELONDON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume os-8, Issue 3, September 1894, Pages 367–370, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a090713 Published: 01 September 1894
Fabrication of Porous Scaffolds with a Controllable Microstructure and Mechanical Properties by Porogen Fusion Technique (2011)

Macroporous scaffolds with controllable pore structure and mechanical properties were fabricated by a porogen fusion technique. Biodegradable material poly (d, l-lactide) (PDLLA) was used as the scaffold matrix. The effects of porogen size, PDLLA concentration and hydroxyapatite (HA) content on the scaffold morphology, porosity and mechanical properties were investigated. High porosity (90% and above) and highly interconnected structures were easily obtained and the pore size could be adjusted by varying the porogen size. With the increasing porogen size and PDLLA concentration, the porosity of scaffolds decreases, while its mechanical properties increase. The introduction of HA greatly increases the impact on pore structure, mechanical properties and water absorption ability of scaffolds, while it has comparatively little influence on its porosity under low HA contents. These results show that by adjusting processing parameters, scaffolds could afford a controllable pore size, exhibit suitable pore structure and high porosity, as well as good mechanical properties, and may serve as an excellent substrate for bone tissue engineering.
USE OF GPS ATTITUDE DETERMINATION TO CALIBRATE AN ARRAY OF INEXPENSIVE ACCELEROMETERS : FINAL REPORT FOR ITS-IDEA PROJECT 77 (2001)

This report describes a project which developed a low cost and accurate inertial navigation system for use in advanced driver assistance systems and advanced vehicle control systems. The system uses an array of multiple accelerometers in order to create a gyroscope and Global Positioning System (GPS) interferometry/attitude determination to calibrate the accelerometer array. The first phase of the project involved integrating the virtual gyro hardware and software with existing GPS attitude determination. The second phase involved the testing of the integrated system.
A switched-capacitor Hadamard filter bank in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS (2005)

This paper describes the design of filter banks that implement analog Hadamard transformers suitable to CMOS technology. A switched-capacitor (SC) topology is employed, including finite-gain and offset compensation techniques to allow the use of low-gain high-bandwidth amplifiers, thereby enabling signal processing by the filter bank at high data rates. The structure may be used as an analysis stage in what has been termed a hybrid filter bank, where post digital signal processing stage can be incorporated to improve A/D conversion accuracy and speed, or in digital communication systems to reduce transmission data rates. Design details, as well as simulation results for a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS manufacturing process are presented, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Fractionation on DEAE‐Sephadex Columns of some Oligonucleotides from Pancreatic Ribonuclease Digests of RNA from Bacteriophage μ2 (1968)

The hepta‐ octa‐ and nonanucleotides in a complete pancreatic ribonuclease digest of μ2 phage RNA were fractionated according to nucleotide composition. Together with the deca‐ and undecanucleotides this gave 19 separated components each with a unique nucleotide composition. Some are mixtures of sequence isomers, others may be homogeneous. The fractionation depended quantitatively on the net charge on the oligonucleotide between charge −1 and −4 at pH 2.7 in 7 M urea.
Optical fiber access-perspectives toward the 21st century (1994)

The vision of an all-fiber telecommunications network delivering an ever increasing variety of services to both business and residential customers has been the subject of much speculation for more than a decade. However, although optical fibers are now used routinely for longer haul transmission and for connections to large business customers; fiber to provide the final link to the generality of customers has proved to be a tougher challenge than originally expected. The extent to which fiber will penetrate the network depends not only on technical capabilities and economic performance, but also on regulation, competition, and the types of service that customers will actually want. The interplay between these complex factors is discussed, and potential scenarios are described. An endpoint vision of a future broadband infrastructure is described in order to illustrate the major new service delivery and operational benefits, which can flow from the revolutionary new technologies that can now be unleashed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: Review of Smoothened and GLI Inhibitors (2016)

The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is a major regulator of cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and tissue polarity. Aberrant activation of the Shh pathway has been shown in a variety of human cancers, including, basal cell carcinoma, malignant gliomas, medulloblastoma, leukemias, and cancers of the breast, lung, pancreas, and prostate. Tumorigenesis, tumor progression and therapeutic response have all been shown to be impacted by the Shh signaling pathway. Downstream effectors of the Shh pathway include smoothened (SMO) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) family of zinc finger transcription factors. Both are regarded as important targets for cancer therapeutics. While most efforts have been devoted towards pharmacologically targeting SMO, developing GLI-targeted approach has its merit because of the fact that GLI proteins can be activated by both Shh ligand-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To date, two SMO inhibitors (LDE225/Sonidegib and GDC-0449/Vismodegib) have received FDA approval for treating basal cell carcinoma while many clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this exciting class of targeted therapy in a variety of cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of the Shh pathway and then detail the current landscape of the Shh-SMO-GLI pathway inhibitors including those in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Multiuser OCDMA system demonstrator with full CDR using a novel OCDMA receiver (2005)

We report the first multiuser optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) system demonstrator with full clock and data recovery using a novel OCDMA receiver. We achieve receiver sensitivities of -19.1, -16.3, and -9.2 dBm for one, two, and three users, respectively, at a BER/spl les/10/sup -10/ using a 2/sup 20/-1 pseudorandom binary sequence. Our results show the viability of OCDMA as a transport technology for access networks.
Relationship of Borrelia burgdorferi to its arthropod vectors. (1991)

At the IV International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis, a workshop was held to identify the unique development of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in its established and suspected arthropod vectors. The following is a summary of the panel's discussions of research aspects concerning relationship(s) of this borrelia to its vectors, and the mode(s) of its transmission to animal hosts.
An overview of the Data Flow system for the NA48 experiment at CERN (2002)

The NA48 experiment at CERN is designed to measure the magnitude of direct CP-violation in the neutral kaon system. The experiment requires a Data Flow system which will run at up to 100 Mbytes/sec. Elements of the detector generate data which are presented to Optical Link Sources. Data arrive at the Data Merger which concatenates the various sub-events into a complete event. The data are then sent, via a HIPPI-link and a crossbar switch to one of several Alpha OSF/1 workstations for filtering, reconstruction and storage. Software applications control the Data Flow System include a Control Program which supervises the system, a Data Merger Controller Program which controls data merging and distribution and other tasks which supervise storage resources. This paper provides an overview of the hardware setup and the software tasks which control and monitor it. The current state of development of this system and results obtained during test beam running in June and September 1994 are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting respiratory motion for four-dimensional radiotherapy (2004)

Adapting radiation delivery to respiratory motion is made possible through corrective action based on real-time feedback of target position during respiration. The advantage of this approach lies with its ability to allow tighter margins around the target while simultaneously following its motion. A significant hurdle to the successful implementation of real-time target-tracking-based radiation delivery is the existence of a finite time delay between the acquisition of target position and the mechanical response of the system to the change in position. Target motion during the time delay leads to a resultant lag in the system's response to a change in tumor position. Predicting target position in advance is one approach to ensure accurate delivery. The aim of this manuscript is to estimate the predictive ability of sinusoidal and adaptive filter-based prediction algorithms on multiple sessions of patient respiratory patterns. Respiratory motion information was obtained from recordings of diaphragm motion for five patients over 60 sessions. A prediction algorithm that employed both prediction models-the sinusoidal model and the adaptive filter model-was developed to estimate prediction accuracy over all the sessions. For each session, prediction error was computed for several time instants (response time) in the future (0-1.8 seconds at 0.2-second intervals), based on position data collected over several signal-history lengths (1-7 seconds at 1-second intervals). Based on patient data included in this study, the following observations are made. Qualitative comparison of predicted and actual position indicated a progressive increase in prediction error with an increase in response time. A signal-history length of 5 seconds was found to be the optimal signal history length for prediction using the sinusoidal model for all breathing training modalities. In terms of overall error in predicting respiratory motion, the adaptive filter model performed better than the sinusoidal model. With the adaptive filter, average prediction errors of less than 0.2 cm (1sigma) are possible for response times less than 0.4 seconds. In comparing prediction error with system latency error (no prediction), the adaptive filter model exhibited lesser prediction errors as compared to the sinusoidal model, especially for longer response time values (>0.4 seconds). At smaller response time values (<0.4 seconds), improvements in prediction error reduction are required for both predictive models in order to maximize gains in position accuracy due to prediction. Respiratory motion patterns are inherently complex in nature. While linear prediction-based prediction models perform satisfactorily for shorter response times, their prediction accuracy significantly deteriorates for longer response times. Successful implementation of real-time target-tracking-based radiotherapy requires response times less than 0.4 seconds or improved prediction algorithms.
Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of perfusion and diffusion in stroke: Evolution of lesion volume and correlation with clinical outcome (1999)

A prospective longitudinal diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI/PWI) study of stroke patients (n = 21) at five distinct time points was performed to evaluate lesion evolution and to assess whether DWI and PWI can accurately and objectively demonstrate the degree of ischemia-induced deficits within hours after stroke onset. Patients were scanned first within 7 hours of symptom onset and then subsequently at 3 to 6 hours, 24 to 36 hours, 5 to 7 days, and 30 days after the initial scan. Lesion evolution was dynamic during the first month after stroke. Most patients (18 of 19, 95%) showed increased lesion volume over the first week and then decreased at 1 month relative to 1 week (12 of 14, 86%). Overall, lesion growth appeared to depend on the degree of mismatch between diffusion and perfusion at the initial scan. Abnormal volumes on the acute DWI and PWI (<7 hours) correlated well with initial National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke scale scores, outcome NIH stroke scale scores, and final lesion volume. DWI and PWI can provide an early measure of metabolic and hemodynamic insufficiency, and thus can improve our understanding of the evolution and outcome after acute ischemic stroke.
Controlled Alignment of Filamentous Supramolecular Assemblies of Biomolecules into Centimeter‐Scale Highly Ordered Patterns by Using Nature‐Inspired Magnetic Guidance (2013)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which can be aligned along a magnetic field, were applied to generate large-scale assemblies of biological nanofibers with the orientation of the constituent nanofibers defined by the applied magnetic field. When decorated with MNPs, these nanofibers could be guided by the external magnetic field to become oriented either horizontally or vertically.
Chitosan/clay nanocomposite film preparation and characterization (2005)

Abstract Nanocomposites of chitosan and nanoclays (MMT‐Na + and Cloisite 30B) were prepared by solvent casting. The structural properties, thermal behaviors, and mechanical properties were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analyses, and an Instron universal testing machine. XRD and TEM results indicated that an exfoliated structure was formed with addition of small amounts of MMT‐Na + to the chitosan matrix. Intercalation along with some exfoliation occurred with up to 5 wt % MMT‐Na + . Micro‐scale composite (tactoids) formed when Cloisite 30B was added to the chitosan matrix. Surface roughness increased with addition of a small amount of clay. Tensile strength of a chitosan film was enhanced and elongation‐at‐break decreased with addition of clay into the chitosan matrix. Melt behavior and thermal stability did not change significantly with addition of clays. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1684–1691, 2006