gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remanence enhancement and exchange coupling in PrCo/Co films (1997)

PrCo/Co multilayer thin films have been prepared by sputtering. After heat treatment, high coercivity is developed and the remanence is enhanced for the insertion of the Co layers and the exchange coupling between the hard phase and the soft phase, which leads to high energy products of the composite magnets. The nanostructure of the films has been studied by TEM. It is found that the grain size of the films with high energy products is in the range from 10 to 25 nanometers.
Ghrelin Modulates Insulin Sensitivity and Tau Phosphorylation in High Glucose-Induced Hippocampal Neurons (2010)

Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid brain-gut peptide expressed in periphery tissues and the central nervous system, has been demonstrated to increase insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Recent data have indicated that insulin resistance exists in the brain and is related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether ghrelin increased high glucose-induced hippocampal neuron insulin sensitivity, and further modulated tau phosphorylation. Hippocampal neurons were cultured in concentrations of 25 mM and 75 mM glucose. The effect of ghrelin on hippocampal neuronal insulin sensitivity was detected by [(3)H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. The expression of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and tau phosphorylation was determined via Western blotting. Culturation in 75 mM glucose resulted in decreased neuronal glucose uptake and an increase in the level of tau phosphorylation at Ser 199. In neurons treated with ghrelin for 1 h, neuronal glucose uptake was increased and tau hyperphosphorylation was improved. Ghrelin activated Akt and GSK-3beta phosphorylation, whereas phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor wortmannin eliminated ghrelin's effect on neuronal glucose uptake and tau phosphorylation. This study demonstrated that ghrelin increased insulin-stimulated neuronal glucose uptake in 25 mM or 75 mM glucose, raised insulin sensitivity, improved insulin resistance and decreased tau abnormal phosphorylation via the PI3-K/Akt-GSK pathway. Ghrelin is a potential new medicine in the treatment of AD.
Novel Glass Polymer Multilayer Composites with High Toughness (2003)

With a view to developing low cost glass polymer multilayer composites (GPMLC) with high toughness, four layer laminar glass-epoxy-E glass fabric composites (GEF) were fabricated by a low pressure lamination technique. To promote weaker interfaces a thin sprayed layer of kerosene was introduced between the glass and the reinforcing layer in another group of composites (GEFK) fabricated in a similar manner. In both GEF and GEFK composites, a thin commercial cover slip gas disk (diameter 18 mm, thickness 0.3 mm) was used as the matrix layer. The load displacement plots of the GEF and GEFK composites exhibit a significant degree of non-linearity and stepped load-unload behaviour characteristic of fibre reinforced composites. The specific failure toad (»200 N/mm) and the total work of failure per unit volume (»300 kJ.m−3) of the GEFK composite were found out to be the highest, thus indicating the development of a very high toughness material. These values were much higher than those of the brittle glass matrix, e.g., 20 N/mm and 20 kJ.m−3. The GEF composites showed the second best characteristics.
Thermal Decomposition of Chemical Hydrides (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Shoulder Replacement (1993)

Fifty-eight Neer II total shoulder replacements, performed in 51 patients, were analyzed at a mean follow of four years (2-8 years). The surgical indications included: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cuff tear arthropathy, post-traumatic arthritis, and miscellaneous. Nineteen shoulders had intraoperative rotator cuff repair andanterior acromioplasty was done in thirty-four shoulders. Clinical results indicated 86% excellent pain relief, and 93% satisfactory patient’s overall response. Statistically significant increase in active motion and improved function occurred, the degree of which was related to diagnostic category and competence of the rotator cuff and deltoid.
Seventy-two percent of patients had some radiolucent lines around the glenoid component, while nine percent showed an actual change in the glenoid position. Forty percent of all patients showed the position of the humeral component to be superior relative to the glenoid and in 78% of these, appeared to be a progressive superior migration, suggesting rotator cuff incompetence. There was statistically significant relationship between the presence of a rotator cuff tear, the performance of anterior acromio-plasty and the superior migration of the humeral component. However, superior migration of the humeral component was not predictive of a poor clinical result unless it was associated with a change o fthe glenoid position.
Primary total shoulder arthroplasty yielded excellent clinical results with low incidence of complications. Routine anterior acromioplasty should not be done in total shoulder replacement. The presence of an incompenent rotator cuff or one that becomes so, is associated with progressive superior migration of the humeral component relative to the glenoid.
Kinetics of the Interaction between DNA and the Type IC Restriction Enzyme <i>Eco</i>R124II (1996)

Optical waveguide mode spectroscopy was used to determine the binding constants characterizing the interaction of EcoR124II, a type IC restriction modification enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium, with DNA. The DNA is immobilized on the surface of an optical waveguide, and the enzyme is introduced in bulk solution flowing over the DNA under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. The binding kinetics of the protein to the DNA can be directly observed and the number of bound protein molecules per base pair determined to a high accuracy. Dissociation of the protein was measured by switching flowing protein to protein-free buffer. Binding to two different kinds of DNA, with and without the specific sequence recognized by EcoR124II, was investigated. Protein binding and dissociation ("nonspecific" binding), quantified by association and dissociation rate coefficients ka and kd, were the same for both types, but the DNA carrying the recognition site showed an additional process, "irreversible" association (i.e. dissociation was not observed on the time scale of the experiments) of the protein, quantified by a rate coefficient ks. Some inferences regarding the mechanism of base pair searching are made from the measured ka, kd, and ks values.
Extended lexical-semantic classification of English verbs (2004)

Lexical-semantic verb classifications have proved useful in supporting various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The largest and the most widely deployed classification in English is Levin's (1993) taxonomy of verbs and their classes. While this resource is attractive in being extensive enough for some NLP use, it is not comprehensive. In this paper, we present a substantial extension to Levin's taxonomy which incorporates 57 novel classes for verbs not covered (comprehensively) by Levin. We also introduce 106 novel diathesis alternations, created as a side product of constructing the new classes. We demonstrate the utility of our novel classes by using them to support automatic subcategorization acquisition and show that the resulting extended classification has extensive coverage over the English verb lexicon.
Optical properties of reactive ion etched corner reflector strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs quantum-well lasers (1993)

The optical properties of strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs quantum-well lasers with a cavity comprised of a single cleaved facet and a dry etched corner reflector (CR) is described. For comparison, these data are contrasted with data for Fabry-Perot lasers made from the same material and having either two cleaved facets or one cleaved and one straight-etched facet. The etched CR exhibits higher overall reflectivity than the straight-etched and cleaved facet structures, resulting in lower threshold current density and higher efficiency. However, near-field measurements indicate that improvement in reflectivity from the etched CRs is offset by their tendency to favor off-order transverse modes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High strain electrostrictive polymers : elaboration methods and modelization (2011)

La thèse porte de manière générale sur les polymères électrostrictifs qui peuvent être utilisés soit comme actionneurs électromécaniques souples, soit comme capteurs ou récupérateurs d énergie. Le premier chapitre est une introduction générale aux systèmes couplés électromécaniques. Le choix des matériaux est exposé et porte sur les élastomères diélectriques et les polyuréthanes (PU) chargés par des nanoparticules conductrices de noir de carbone (CB). Le second chapitre porte sur la réalisation des films. Des particules de CB sous forme de micelles préformées et une technique solution-cast sont employées dans cette optique. Ce procédé permet une bonne dispersion des charges. Une amélioration de la déformation d un facteur 1,6 est obtenue par introduction de particules de CB à 0.89 vol%. Le troisième chapitre présente la modélisation de phénomènes comme la saturation de la polarisation qui implique directement une saturation de la déformation. En modélisant la polarisation comme une fonction non-linéaire dépendant de deux variables (la permittivité bas niveau et un champ de saturation), on décrit ainsi correctement plusieurs phénomènes qui ne peuvent être interprétés par une approche linéaire et homogène. Les simulations effectuées montrent une bonne corrélation avec les expérimentations menées. Le quatrième chapitre propose une comparaison entre les films PU purs et chargés. Cette analyse porte non seulement sur des mesures mécaniques et électriques mais également en XRD ou en DSC afin de détecter le niveau de cristallisation. Une dispersion importante a ainsi été observée visuellement. Des déformations de l ordre de 50 % ont ainsi été obtenues. Le cinquième chapitre porte sur l effet lié à l injection de charges électriques par bombardement électronique (HEBI), sur la déformation électrostrictive. Une telle approche permet ainsi un gain d un facteur de l ordre de 2 sur la déformation et semble réduire les pertes de façon très conséquente.
Efficient Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into<i>N</i>-Acylbenzotriazoles<b/> (2003)

An improved one-pot procedure for the preparation of N-acylbenzotriazoles involves mild reaction conditions and allows the preparation of several derivatives not accessible by the previously reported methods.
Magnetic property measurements on single wall carbon nanotube polyimide composites (2008)

Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field were performed on polyimide nanocomposite samples containing various weight percentages of single wall carbon nanotubes. It was found that the magnetization of the composite, normalized to the mass of nanotube material in the sample, decreased with increasing weight percentage of nanotubes. It is possible that the interfacial coupling between the carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers and the polyimide matrix promotes the diamagnetic response from CNTs and reduces the total magnetization of the composite. The coercivity of the samples, believed to originate from the residual magnetic catalyst particles, was enhanced and had stronger temperature dependence as a result of the composite synthesis. These changes in magnetic properties can form the basis of a new approach to investigate the interfacial properties in the CNT nanocomposites through magnetic property measurements.
CYCLOTRON PRODUCTION OF TECHNETIUM RADIONUCLIDES USING A NATURAL METALLIC MOLYBDENUM THICK TARGET AND CONSEQUENT PREPARATION OF [TC]-BRIDA AS A RADIO-LABELLED KIT SAMPLE (2010)

Technetium is an element that is artificially produced and all its isotopes are radioactive. Several investigations have been performed on the subject of the production of Tc radioisotopes using cyclotrons. Among these radioisotopes, 99mTc with a half-life of 6.02 h and gamma-ray spectrum with an energy peak at 140.5 keV has a vast application in nuclear medicine. More than 85% of administered radiopharmaceuticals are produced from 99mTc [5]. So far, 99mTc used in nuclear medicine has been produced using nuclear reactors with an indirect method (99Mo-99mTc generator) in which 99Mo is a fission product. 99mTc could also be produced directly using proton bombardment via the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc nuclear reaction [8]. One of the main advantages of the direct production of 99mTc using cyclotrons, is its low environmental hazards and less waste management difficulties relative to fission-product method, but, on the other hand, due to the relatively short half-life of 99mTc (6.02 h), the direct production method could only be used for local applications. Cyclotron production of technetium radionuclides using a natural metallic molybdenum thick target and consequent preparation of [Tc]-BRIDA as a radio-labelled kit sample Hossain Targholizadeh, Gholamreza Raisali, Amir R. Jalilian, Nima Rostampour, Mohammadreza Ensaf, Mohsen K. Dehghan
Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): An Old Protein with New Functions? (2016)

Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) was previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in eukaryotes, where it is mainly localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Considerable evidence indicates that it plays regulatory roles in steroidogenesis and apoptosis and is involved in various human diseases, such as metastatic cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, inflammation, and anxiety disorders. Ligands of TSPO are widely used as diagnostic tools and treatment options, despite there being no clear understanding of the function of TSPO. An ortholog in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter was independently discovered as the tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TspO) and found to play a role in the response to changes in oxygen and light conditions that regulate photosynthesis and respiration. As part of this highly conserved protein family found in all three kingdoms, the rat TSPO is able to rescue the knockout phenotype in Rhodobacter, indicating functional as well as structural conservation. Recently, a major breakthrough in the field was achieved: the determination of atomic-resolution structures of TSPO from different species by several independent groups. This now allows us to reexamine the function of TSPO with a molecular perspective. In this review, we focus on recently determined structures of TSPO and their implications for potential functions of this ubiquitous multifaceted protein. We suggest that TSPO is an ancient bacterial receptor/stress sensor that has developed additional interactions, partners, and roles in its mitochondrial outer membrane environment in eukaryotes.
Development of a Bayesian classifier for breast cancer risk stratification: a feasibility study. (2010)

Clinical data collected as part of breast cancer screening studies can be modeled using Bayesian classification. The BBN model may be predictive and may provide clinically useful incremental risk information for individualized breast cancer risk assessment in younger women.
Widespread Occurrence of Secondary Lipid Biosynthesis Potential in Microbial Lineages (2011)

Bacterial production of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), is constrained to a narrow subset of marine γ-proteobacteria. The genes responsible for de novo bacterial PUFA biosynthesis, designated pfaEABCD, encode large, multi-domain protein complexes akin to type I iterative fatty acid and polyketide synthases, herein referred to as "Pfa synthases". In addition to the archetypal Pfa synthase gene products from marine bacteria, we have identified homologous type I FAS/PKS gene clusters in diverse microbial lineages spanning 45 genera representing 10 phyla, presumed to be involved in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. In total, 20 distinct types of gene clusters were identified. Collectively, we propose the designation of "secondary lipids" to describe these biosynthetic pathways and products, a proposition consistent with the "secondary metabolite" vernacular. Phylogenomic analysis reveals a high degree of functional conservation within distinct biosynthetic pathways. Incongruence between secondary lipid synthase functional clades and taxonomic group membership combined with the lack of orthologous gene clusters in closely related strains suggests horizontal gene transfer has contributed to the dissemination of specialized lipid biosynthetic activities across disparate microbial lineages.
Changes in ocular aberrations after instillation of artificial tears in dry-eye patients (2004)

After artificial tear instillation, the reduction in optical aberrations associated with an increasingly irregular tear film may cause an improvement in the optical quality of dry eyes. Wavefront analysis facilitates the evaluation of improvement in optical quality after artificial tear instillation in patients with dry eye.
HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS BETWEEN IODAMOEBA WILLIAMSI AND CERTAIN MAMMALIAN HOSTS (GUINEA PIGS AND RATS)* (1928)

HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS BETWEEN IODAMOEBA WILLIAMSI AND CERTAIN MAMMALIAN HOSTS (GUINEA PIGS AND RATS) Get access SEPTIMA C SMITH, Sc.D SEPTIMA C SMITH, Sc.D Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 8, Issue 1, January 1928, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120984 Published: 01 January 1928 Article history Received: 10 July 1927 Published: 01 January 1928
3D plasmonic nanobowl platform for the study of exosomes in solution (2015)

Thin silver film coated nanobowl Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are used to capture exosomes in solution for SERS measurements that can provide biochemical analysis of intact and ruptured exosomes. Exosomes derived via Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (TEIR) as well as ultracentrifugation (UC) from the SKOV3 cell line were analyzed. Spectra of exosomes derived via TEIR are dominated by a signal characteristic for the TEIR kit that needs to be subtracted for all measurements. Differences in SERS spectra recorded at different times during the drying of the exosome solution are statistically analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). At the beginning of the drying process, SERS spectra of exosomes exhibit peaks characteristic for both lipids and proteins. Later on during the drying process, new SERS peaks develop, suggesting that the initially intact exosome ruptures over time. This time-dependent evolution of SERS peaks enables analysis of exosomal membrane contents and the contents inside the exosomes.
A Novel ESD Protection Technique for Submicron CMOS Technologies (1994)

In this paper, we present a novel electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device which is, against the catastrophic ESD attack, activated as either a reverse-biased punchthrough bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or a forward-biased diode, depending on the polarity of the input pulse. Experimental data show that the new device is more efficient and area-effective than any other conventional one. It also does not cost any extra mask for its realization because of the compatibility with established process. Thus we believe that it is a viable approach for the protection of the scaled CMOS devices and circuits vulnerable to the ESD stress.
Material and Financial Hardship and Income-Based Poverty Measures in the USA (2004)

Individuals and families may encounter difficulty making ends meet on many dimensions and there are a large number of measures designed to identify this group. In general, there is agreement that all of the approaches capture different pieces of the puzzle, while no single indicator can yield a complete picture. In an attempt to understand this multidimensional aspect of poverty, several measures are examined in this article: the official US poverty measure, a relative poverty measure, an experimental measure following recommendations of the US National Academy of Sciences, an index of material hardship, a measure of household debt, and responses to a question about inability to meet expenses. This study uses the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The SIPP is a longitudinal survey that allows us to examine all of these various indicators for the same people over the period from 1996 to 1998. The study uses regression analysis to assess the relationship between and among the various indicators of economic hardship.
Control of seismic-excited buildings using active variable stiffness systems (2005)

Active variable stiffness (AVS) systems have been demonstrated to be effective in response control of buildings subjected to earthquake excitations. Based on the theory of variable structure system (VSS) or sliding mode control (SMC), control methods for applications of AVS systems to seismic-excited buildings are presented. In addition to full-state feedback controllers, general static output feedback controllers as well as special output feedback controllers using only collocated sensors are also presented. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the control methods presented is remarkable, and that the performance of output feedback controllers is comparable to that of the full-state feedback controllers.
Ethylene Oligomerization with Cr−NHC Catalysts: Further Insights into the Extended Metallacycle Mechanism of Chain Growth (2008)

The mechanism of ethylene oligomerization with chromium(III) complexes of bis(carbene)pyridine ligands in combination with MAO has been investigated. Oligomerization with mixtures of CH2CH2/CD2CD2 reveals that this system produces α-olefins via an extended metallacycle mechanism. Deviation form a Schulz−Flory distribution has been explained on the basis of less favorable product release at the early stages of metallacycle growth (Cr−C4 (±Cr−C6)). Significant amounts of branched olefins (methylidenes) and linear internal olefins are produced at the high catalyst loadings employed in this study, and these result from secondary incorporation of α-olefins into the metallacycle mechanism. Changing the ligand C^N^C coordination mode in any way resulted in a sharp loss of activity. In the case of bidentate carbene−pyridine and carbene−thiophene ligands, this is due to a change in the mechanism from metallacycle to linear chain growth. Thus, only those catalysts which support a metallacycle mechanism promote oligomerization with high activity.