gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN CARDIOLOGY (1986)

Antibodies, long used as discriminating tools in immunoassay, are now being used in vivo, both in diagnosis and therapy. In cardiovascular medicine, applications that have reached the stage of clinical trial include the reversal of digitalis intoxication by digoxin-specific antibodies and the imaging of cardiac necrosis with monoclonal myosin-specific antibodies. An exciting future prospect, still in an early experimental stage, is the application of fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies to both the visualiza­ tion of thrombi and emboli and the targeting of fibrinolytic agents.
Improve fault tolerance in cell-based evolve hardware architecture (2014)

This paper presents a new fault tolerance control unit model in cell-based architecture. The main feature of the model is that a control unit is able to individual repair that uses to improve system reliability in case of control units are failure. In the approach considered a cell to be multi-layers that separate repairing and detecting of each layer, and also used to support repair and detect faults between layers. This paper shows how the model can be used to repair cover a single fault and multiple faults. The reliability analysis shows the improving fault-tolerance of this model.
Prostate innervation and local anesthesia in prostate procedures (2002)

The nerve supply of the human prostate is very abundant, and knowledge of the anatomy contributes to successful administration of local anesthesia. However, the exact anatomy of extrinsic neuronal cell bodies of the autonomic and sensory innervation of the prostate is not clear, except in other animals. Branches of pelvic ganglia composed of pelvic (parasympathetic) and hypogastric (sympathetic) nerves innervate the prostate. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the growth, maturation, and secretory function of this gland. Prostate procedures under local anesthesia, such as transurethral prostatic resections or transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy, are safe, simple, and effective. Local anesthesia can be feasible for many special conditions including uncomplicated prostate surgery and may be particularly useful for the high-risk group of patients for whom inhalation or spinal anesthesia is inadvisable.
Testing of a Low Specific Fuel Consumption Turbocompound Engine (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Refinements to reduce the operating costs of heavy-duty diesel engines have resulted in new production engines with specific fuel consumption (sfc) below 200 g/kW-hr. Turbocompounding the heavy-duty diesel engine results in further reductions in sfc. This paper describes a research program for testing of an 11.3 liter, 6 cylinder turbocompound diesel engine which has demonstrated a significant reduction in specific fuel consumption, down to 180 g/kW-hr, as well as improved transient emissions and response.</div>
Mott Transition in VO <sub>2</sub> Revealed by Infrared Spectroscopy and Nano-Imaging (2007)

Electrons in correlated insulators are prevented from conducting by Coulomb repulsion between them. When an insulator-to-metal transition is induced in a correlated insulator by doping or heating, the resulting conducting state can be radically different from that characterized by free electrons in conventional metals. We report on the electronic properties of a prototypical correlated insulator vanadium dioxide in which the metallic state can be induced by increasing temperature. Scanning near-field infrared microscopy allows us to directly image nanoscale metallic puddles that appear at the onset of the insulator-to-metal transition. In combination with far-field infrared spectroscopy, the data reveal the Mott transition with divergent quasi-particle mass in the metallic puddles. The experimental approach used sets the stage for investigations of charge dynamics on the nanoscale in other inhomogeneous correlated electron systems.
Synthesis of silver particles stabilized by a bifunctional SiH<sub>x</sub>–NH<sub>y</sub>–PMHS oligomer as recyclable nanocatalysts for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (2019)

Bifunctional oligomers with both reducing and stabilizing functionalities were prepared and successfully applied to the preparation of silver colloids of around 2 nm size without employing a strong stabilizer such as S and P, which was quite difficult to achieve. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to determine the morphology and particle size of the Ag colloids. UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were implemented to investigate the oxidation state of the Ag colloids. Synthesis parameters such as the density control of the ligating functionalities, the propinquity of the reducing and stabilizing groups, the extent of ligand stabilization and the reducing rates were found to have important effects on the formation and stabilization of Ag colloids. The as-synthesized Ag colloids were very stable even after being deposited on silica; then, they were subjected to calcination to get rid of the organics, which afforded Ag NPs (1.9-3.5 nm) on silica with narrow size distribution. These Ag NPs performed excellently in catalytic 4-nitrophenol reduction with conversion of up to 98% within 10 min. Furthermore, the Ag nanoparticles were quite stable and exhibited excellent reusability for seven successive reaction cycles without obvious decay. The straightforward synthesis of the ultra-small and stable Ag NPs has the potential for applications in the synthesis of other supported late transition metals.
AN AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM TO SIMULATE SUB-EARTH GRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS IN THE KC-135 AIRCRAFT. (1964)

The purpose of the paper was to design an automatic flight control system capable of simulating zero-, Moon-, or Mars-gravity environments (=0.005g) in the 'zero-g', KC-135. The problem analysis consists of a mathematical investigation of the simulation of gravity environments with maneuvering aircraft. The system is designed by the use of root locus techniques and analog computer simulation. The analog simulation is used to evaluate the system and the system succeeds in simulating the desired gravity environments within the required tolerances for periods greater than 12 seconds per maneuver. (Author)
III-V silicon heterogeneous integration for integrated transmitters and receivers (2008)

Silicon is excellent material for realizing compact nanophotonic ICs operating at wavelengths in the telecom range. Moreover, the desired circuits can be realized with the most advanced equipment available, used also for the fabrication of high-end electronic circuits. Efficient light emission and amplification directly from silicon remains a bottleneck however. Therefore, we developed an alternative approach, based on the heterogeneous integration of III-V epitaxial material and silicon nanophotonic circuits. Following fabrication and planarization of the latter, small unprocessed dies of InP-based epitaxial material are bonded on top. Next, the substrate of these dies is removed down to an etch stop layer. Finally the desired active optoelectronic devices are processed in the remaining Ill-V layers using waferscale processes. The critical alignment between the sources and the underlying nanophotonic circuits is ensured through accurate lithography. In this paper we review some recent devices fabricated through this integration process.
The main event (2007)

Subtitle: After a long wait, FAA's reauthorization proposal stirs industry passions and political suspense.
Development of prefabricated type straight through joint for 275 kV XLPE cable (1992)

The research involved in developing a prefabricated type straight through joint for 275 kV XLPE cable is described. Based on a review of the results of electric field analyses, a compact insulation structure using a molded epoxy insulation unit and a molded EPR stress-relieving cone were designed. The AC and lightning impulse voltage test as well as the short-circuit test and the offset test were conducted on the joint. The results show that the joint possesses excellent assembly properties and superb insulation performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structures of ent-herbertane sesquiterpenoids displaying antifungal properties from the liverwort Herberta adunca (1986)

Several aromatic sesquiterpenoids displaying antifungal properties have been isolated from the liverwort Herberta adunca together with a mother hydrocarbon with a novel irregular sesquiterpene skeleton, ent-herbertane, and their structures and absolute configurations have been determined on the basis of extensive degradation reactions and spectroscopic evidence. The biological activity is also described.
Dynamics of Microvalve Operations in Integrated Microfluidics (2014)

Pneumatic microvalves are widely used key components for automating liquid manipulation and flow control in microfluidics for more than one decade. Due to their robust operations and the ease of fabrication, tremendous microfluidic systems have been developed with the multiple microvalves for higher throughput and extended functionalities. Therefore, operation performance of the microvalves in the integrated microfluidic devices is crucial to the related applications, in fields such as micro-flows, cell analyses, drug discovery, and physical/chemical detections. It has been reported that operation performance of the microvalves are highly sensitive to the device configuration and pressurization scheme. This implies the further development of integrated microfluidics with a larger number of the valves may suffer the problems of undetermined microvalve behaviors during operations, which can become an unavoidable hurdle in the device design and optimization processes. Herein, we characterize responses of the individual microvalves for different operation configurations, e.g., membrane thicknesses and driving pressures. We investigate also the effects in microfluidics integrated with the more valves, through experiments, modeling and simulations. We show that dynamics of the microvalves is indeed influenced by the configurations, levels of design complexity and positions in the devices. Overall, taken dynamics of the microvalve responses into considerations, this work provides insights and guidelines for better designs of integrated microfluidics for the future applications requiring higher throughput and improved operation performance.
The Benefits of Combining Acoustic and Electric Stimulation for the Recognition of Speech, Voice and Melodies (2007)

Fifteen patients fit with a cochlear implant in one ear and a hearing aid in the other ear were presented with tests of speech and melody recognition and voice discrimination under conditions of electric (E) stimulation, acoustic (A) stimulation and combined electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS). When acoustic information was added to electrically stimulated information performance increased by 17-23 percentage points on tests of word and sentence recognition in quiet and sentence recognition in noise. On average, the EAS patients achieved higher scores on CNC words than patients fit with a unilateral cochlear implant. While the best EAS patients did not outperform the best patients fit with a unilateral cochlear implant, proportionally more EAS patients achieved very high scores on tests of speech recognition than unilateral cochlear implant patients.
Efficient skill learning using abstraction selection (2009)

We present an algorithm for selecting an appropriate abstraction when learning a new skill. We show empirically that it can consistently select an appropriate abstraction using very little sample data, and that it significantly improves skill learning performance in a reasonably large real-valued reinforcement learning domain. 1
Velocity analysis using <i>AB</i> semblance (2009)

ABSTRACT I derive and analyse an explicit formula for a generalized semblance attribute, which is suitable for the velocity analysis of prestack seismic gathers with distinct amplitude trends. While the conventional semblance can be interpreted as a squared correlation with a constant, the AB semblance is defined as a correlation with a trend. This measure is particularly attractive for analysing class II AVO anomalies and converted waves. Analytical derivations and numerical experiments show that the resolution of the AB semblance is approximately twice as low as that of the conventional semblance. However, this does not prevent it from being an effective attribute. I use synthetic and field data examples to demonstrate the improvements in velocity analysis from AB semblance.
Large capacity optical disk memory for coded data storage (1984)

Optical disk file memories for real-time data recording have been actively developed in several places. We have developed a large capacity, highly reliable optical disk memory which makes coded data storage for computer application possible. Storage capacity of the disk is 2.6 Gbytes, maximum data transfer rate is 1.5 Mbytes/sec, and the average seek time is 250 msec. A bit error rate of 10−12, which is required for reliable coded data storage, has been achieved.
Wavefront Sensing, Imaging, and Image Enhancement: introduction to the feature issue (2008)

This special issue explores various technologies related to wavefront estimation, wavefront compensation for imaging and laser beam projection, and image postprocessing. It covers topics ranging from fundamental system evaluation to system design concepts using field data.
Studies of Helical Aggregates of Molecules. I. Enantiomorphism in the Helical Aggregates of Optically Active 12-Hydroxystearic Acid and Its Lithium Salt (1969)

Abstract It was found, by electron-microscope observation, that d(or l)-12-hydroxystearic acid and its Li soap crystallize from a solution in various solvents in the form of a twisted fiber. The twist was left-handed for the d-acid and right-handed for the l-acid, while the Li soap gave results just opposite to those of the corresponding acid. The Dl-acid separated out not fibers, but platelike crystals, and its Li soap produced non-twisted fibers. Thus, an enantiomorphic relationship for the sense of twist between the d-enantiomer and the l-enantiomer was found both for the acid and for the Li soap.
Messeturm Tower: Frankfurt, Germany (1994)

A 256 meter (840 feet)tall office tower, currently the tallest building in Europe, has been constructed in Frankfurt Germany. The 7- story structure with 85500 square meter (920,000 square feet) of space is founded on soft soil deposit called 'Frankfurt Clay'. The combination of construction market preferences and code structural and fire requirements produced a concrete building with excellent structural stiffness. The lateral system was comprised of a shear wall core and a perimeter tube system with reentrant corners. The soft and irregular soil characteristics of Frankfurt additional measures to minimize the titling of the tower as a result of the uneven settlement of the foundation system.
Liver and adipose tissue contributions to newly formed fatty acids in an ascites tumor (1984)

We determined the contribution from host hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to newly synthesized fatty acids (FA) in the Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). We administered 3H2O (subcutaneously) and [14C]glucose (in a test meal) and measured the appearance of radioactivity in plasma triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) and free fatty acids (FFA) and in tumor total lipid fatty acids (TLFA). Using [14 C]FFA, we selectively labeled epididymal fat TGFA to estimate the FA transport rate from intraperitoneal adipose tissue directly to the tumor. Contributions of four major pathways to newly synthesized FA in EAT were determined by multicompartmental analysis. De novo FA synthesis by EAT accounted for more than 93% of the TLFA radioactivity found in the tumor. Contributions from liver TGFA via plasma TGFA (less than 0.5%), adipose tissue TGFA via plasma FFA (less than 6%), and adipose tissue TGFA via direct intraperitoneal transport of FFA (less than 1%) accounted for less than 7% of all TLFA radioactivity measured in the EAT. Thus the present study establishes that practically all labeled esterified FA in the EAT is derived from de novo synthesis by tumor cells.
A Mutation in a <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Gene (<i>RAD3</i>) Required for Nucleotide Excision Repair and Transcription Increases the Efficiency of Mismatch Correction (1996)

RAD3 functions in DNA repair and transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and particular rad3 alleles confer a mutator phenotype, possibly as a consequence of defective mismatch correction. We assessed the potential involvement of the Rad3 protein in mismatch correction by comparing heteroduplex repair in isogenic rad3-1 and wild-type strains. The rad3-1 allele increased the spontaneous mutation rate but did not prevent heteroduplex repair or bias its directionality. Instead, the efficiency of mismatch correction was enhanced in the rad3-1 strain. This surprising result prompted us to examine expression of yeast mismatch repair genes. We determined that MSH2, but not MLH1, is transcriptionally regulated during the cell-cycle like PMS1, and that rad3-1 does not increase the transcript levels for these genes in log phase cells. These observations suggest that the rad3-1 mutation gives rise to an enhanced efficiency of mismatch correction via a process that does not involve transcriptional regulation of mismatch repair. Interestingly, mismatch repair also was more efficient when error-editing by yeast DNA polymerase delta was eliminated. We discuss our results in relation to possible mechanisms that may link the rad3-1 mutation to mismatch correction efficiency.
REGULATION OF ANTIBODY FORMATION BY SERUM ANTIBODY (1969)

Rabbits were injected intravenously with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bacteriophage T(2) (T(2)). 2-3 wk later, anti-BSA was removed from such animals by a procedure which involved exposure of removed plasma to an immunoadsorbent ((125)I-BSA bound to bromoacetyl cellulose) and return of the adsorbed plasma to the animal. This resulted in removal of the majority of antibody activity to BSA without affecting antibody levels to T(2). 1-2 days later, anti-BSA levels began to rise, and reached peak levels usually 5 days after the removal of antibody. Antibody levels to T(2) did not change. No evidence was obtained that BSA was released from the immunoadsorbent into the circulation of the rabbits. Thus, only trace amounts of radioactivity were released into the plasma; most of the radioactivity was equally coprecipitable with BSA or human gamma globulin and their specific antibodies; the released material was not demonstrated to be immunogenic in primed rabbits; and the released material did not elute with BSA on gel filtration. The results are interpreted as evidence that serum antibody acts as a regulatory mechanism for antibody formation during the conventional antibody response to a metabolizable antigen.
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of the K5 Capsular Polysaccharide Lyase (KflA) from Coliphage K5A: Evidence for Two Distinct K5 Lyase Enzymes (2000)

The Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide [-4)-betaGlcA-(1, 4)-alphaGlcNAc-(1-] is a receptor for the capsule-specific bacteriophage K5A. Associated with the structure of bacteriophage K5A is a polysaccharide lyase which degrades the K5 capsule to expose the underlying bacterial cell surface. The bacteriophage K5A lyase gene (kflA) was cloned and sequenced. The kflA gene encodes a polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 66.9 kDa and which exhibits amino acid homology with ElmA, a K5 polysaccharide lyase encoded on the chromosome of E. coli SEBR 3282. There was only limited nucleotide homology between the kflA and elmA genes, suggesting that these two genes are distinct and either have been derived from separate progenitors or have diverged from a common progenitor for a considerable length of time. Southern blot analysis revealed that kflA was not present on the chromosome of the E. coli strains examined. In contrast, elmA was present in a subset of E. coli strains. Homology was observed between DNA flanking the kflA gene of bacteriophage K5A and DNA flanking a small open reading frame (ORF(L)) located 5' of the endosialidase gene of the E. coli K1 capsule-specific bacteriophage K1E. The DNA homology between these noncoding sequences indicated that bacteriophages K5A and K1E were related. The deduced polypeptide sequence of ORF(L) in bacteriophage K1E exhibited homology to the N terminus of KflA from bacteriophage K5A, suggesting that ORF(L) is a truncated remnant of KflA. The presence of this truncated kflA gene implies that bacteriophage K1E has evolved from bacteriophage K5A by acquisition of the endosialidase gene and subsequent loss of functional kflA. A (His)(6)-KflA fusion protein was overexpressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity with a yield of 4.8 mg per liter of bacterial culture. The recombinant enzyme was active over a broad pH range and NaCl concentration and was capable of degrading K5 polysaccharide into a low-molecular-weight product.
Nonclassical Excitation for Atoms in a Squeezed Vacuum (1995)

The two-photon transition ${6S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6D}_{5/2}$ is investigated for trapped atomic cesium excited by squeezed light. The rate $R$ of two-photon excitation versus intensity $I$ is observed to be consistent with the functional form $R\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{1}I+{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}{I}^{2}$, extending into a region with slope 1.3. This departure from the quadratic form for classical light sources is due to the fundamental alteration of atomic radiative processes by the nonclassical field.
A 10,400-molecular-weight membrane protein is coded by region E3 of adenovirus (1990)

Previous studies with adenovirus mutants have indicated that a 10,400-molecular-weight (10.4K) protein predicted to be coded by an open reading frame in region E3 of adenovirus functions to down regulate the epidermal growth factor receptor (C. R. Carlin, A. E. Tollefson, H. A. Brady, B. L. Hoffman, and W. S. M. Wold, Cell 57:135-144, 1989). We now demonstrate that the 10.4K protein is in fact synthesized in cells infected by group C adenoviruses. This was done by immunoprecipitation of 10.4K from cells infected by a variety of E3 mutants, using antisera against three different synthetic peptides corresponding to the predicted 10.4K sequence. The 10.4K protein was translated primarily from E3 mRNA f, as indicated by cell-free translation of mRNA purified by hybridization from cells infected with an RNA processing mutant that synthesizes predominantly mRNA f. The 10.4K protein was overproduced or underproduced in vivo, respectively, by mutants that overproduce or underproduce E3 mRNA f, also indicating that the 10.4K protein is translated primarily from mRNA f. The 10.4K protein migrated as two bands with apparent molecular weights of 16,000 and 11,000 (10 to 18% gradient gels); both bands contained 10.4K epitopes, as shown by Western blot (immunoblot). Only the 16K band was obtained by cell-free translation, suggesting that the 16K protein is the precursor to the 11K protein. The 10.4K protein is a membrane protein, as shown by cell fractionation experiments and as predicted from its sequence. The predicted 10.4K sequence as well as a putative N-terminal signal sequence and 30-residue transmembrane domain are conserved in adenovirus types 2 and 5 (group C) and in types 3, 7, and 35 (group B).