gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postbuckling Behavior of Axially-Compressed Strips With Discrete Rigid Constraints: A Numerical Study (2015)

Axially-compressed columns, or strips, with bilateral continuous rigid constraints (CRC) are known to be able to attain multiple snap-through buckling events in their elastic postbuckling response that lead to the sudden release of strain energy from the system. This feature allows this structural prototype to be used as energy concentrators for smart applications. However, the parameters controlling the postbuckling response for such system are limited. The structural prototype discussed in this paper is that of an axially compressed strip provided with discrete rigid constraints (DRC), whereby the layout of the lateral constrains provides increased design freedom to control the strip’s postbuckling features. The study is based on numerical simulations using the finite element method. Using a previously characterized CRC strip as a baseline, two DRC design groups were considered in symmetric and asymmetric layouts for a total of 15 different arrangements. Results show that DRC strips can attain elastic postbuckling responses with distinct characteristics and that the far postbuckling response can be controlled by modifying the number and the location of the constraints. Compared to CRC strips, some DRC patterns allow attaining higher mode transitions and larger kinetic energy release after the first buckling event. The ability to design for such postbuckling response features can be potentially used for energy harvesting and other sensing and actuation applications.
In Vitro Comparison of Two Different Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Installed in Series and in Parallel (2014)

This study investigates the novel approach of placing a ventricular assist pump in the descending aorta in series configuration with the heart and compares it with the two traditional approaches of left-ventricle-to-ascending-aorta (LV-AA) and left-ventricle-to-descending-aorta (LV-DA) placement in parallel with the heart. Experiments were conducted by using the in-house simulator of the cardiovascular blood-flow loop (SCVL). The results indicate that the use of the LV-AA in-parallel configuration leads to a significant improvement in the systemic and pulmonic flow as the level of continuous flow is increased; however, this approach is considered highly invasive. The use of the LV-DA in-parallel configuration leads to an improvement in the systemic and pulmonic flow at lower levels of continuous flow but at higher levels of pump support leads to retrograde flow. In both in-parallel configurations, increasing the level of pump continuous flow leads to a decrease in pulsatility to a certain extent. The results of placing the pump in the descending aorta in series configuration show that the pressure drop upstream of the pump facilitates cardiac output as a result of afterload reduction. In addition, the pressure rise downstream of the pump may assist with renal perfusion. However, at the same time, the pressure drop generated at the proximal part of the descending aorta induces a slight drop in carotid perfusion, which would be autoregulated by the brain in a native cardiovascular system. The pulse wave analysis shows that placing the pump in the descending aorta leads to improved pulsatility in comparison with the traditional in-parallel configurations.
Felkin−Anh Stereoselectivity in Cycloadditions of Acetylketene:  Evidence for a Concerted, Pseudopericyclic Pathway (2000)

The cycloadditions of acetylketene with alpha-chiral aldehydes and ketones are shown to be diastereoselective, forming a tertiary or quaternary chiral center at an acetal or ketal carbon with good stereocontrol. X-ray crystallography of a minor product (5b) shows that the major products (e.g., 4b) are those predicted by the Felkin-Anh model. Transition states are reported at the MP2/6-31G level for the addition of ethanal to formylketene and at the B3LYP/6-31G level for the addition of 2-phenylpropanal. The ground-state conformations of the reactants and products are used to rationalize the relative energies and geometries of the transition states without the need to invoke the Cieplak hypothesis. However, chiral substituents on the alpha-oxoketene show no diastereoselectivity. These experimental and computational results are only consistent with the nearly planar, pseudopericyclic transition state previously proposed.
HIF-1α pathway: role, regulation and intervention for cancer therapy (2015)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been recognized as an important cancer drug target. Many recent studies have provided convincing evidences of strong correlation between elevated levels of HIF-1 and tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, poor patient prognosis as well as tumor resistance therapy. It was found that hypoxia (low O2 levels) is a common character in many types of solid tumors. As an adaptive response to hypoxic stress, hypoxic tumor cells activate several survival pathways to carry out their essential biological processes in different ways compared with normal cells. Recent advances in cancer biology at the cellular and molecular levels highlighted the HIF-1α pathway as a crucial survival pathway for which novel strategies of cancer therapy could be developed. However, targeting the HIF-1α pathway has been a challenging but promising progresses have been made in the past twenty years. This review summarizes the role and regulation of the HIF-1α in cancer, and recent therapeutic approaches targeting this important pathway.
Mercury Recovery by Polymer-Enhanced Ultrafiltration: Comparison of Chitosan and Poly(Ethylenimine) Used as Macroligand (2005)

International audience
Ergothioneine Is a Secreted Antioxidant in Mycobacterium smegmatis (2013)

Ergothioneine (ERG) and mycothiol (MSH) are two low-molecular-weight thiols synthesized by mycobacteria. The role of MSH has been extensively investigated in mycobacteria; however, little is known about the role of ERG in mycobacterial physiology. In this study, quantification of ERG at various points in the growth cycle of Mycobacterium smegmatis revealed that a significant portion of ERG is found in the culture media, suggesting that it is actively secreted. A mutant of M. smegmatis lacking egtD (MSMEG_6247) was unable to synthesize ERG, confirming its role in ERG biosynthesis. Deletion of egtD from wild-type M. smegmatis and an MSH-deficient mutant did not affect their susceptibility to antibiotics tested in this study. The ERG- and MSH-deficient double mutant was significantly more sensitive to peroxide than either of the single mutants lacking either ERG or MSH, suggesting that both thiols play a role in protecting M. smegmatis against oxidative stress and that ERG is able to partly compensate for the loss of MSH.
Case 44-1962 (1962)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-eight-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain.One year previously the patient had a protracted episode of vomiting that was attributed to a viral infection. Subsequently, he began to experience episodic periumbilical pain accompanied by nonradiating pain in the back at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. The pain was constant, severe and aching and usually occurred a half to one hour after eating, frequently with intermittent vomiting. The pain and vomiting often lasted for one or two days and then regressed to a constant dull ache in . . .
Path-SGD: Path-Normalized Optimization in Deep Neural Networks (2015)

We revisit the choice of SGD for training deep neural networks by reconsidering the appropriate geometry in which to optimize the weights. We argue for a geometry invariant to rescaling of weights that does not affect the output of the network, and suggest Path-SGD, which is an approximate steepest descent method with respect to a path-wise regularizer related to max-norm regularization. Path-SGD is easy and efficient to implement and leads to empirical gains over SGD and AdaGrad.
Effect of Glucose Supplementation on Nighttime Biomass Loss and Productivity of Microalgae Chlorella (2012)

Microalgae have been proven to be a promising source for the production of biofuel.It has higher oil yield than any other food crop.Oil yield from microalgae is 7 to 13 times higher than the best food crop.There are several issues to be addressed for economic production of biofuel from microalgae.One such issue is cultivation of microalgae.Algae can be cultivated photoautotrophically or heterotrophically.Algae grown photoautotrophically lose up to 35% of the biomass during nighttime.Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae has been proven to be resulting in faster microalgae production compared to photoautotrophic growth, but requires use of expensive external carbon sources as a supplement.Cultivation of microalgae with cyclic combination of photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth may be an effective and economical method of micro-algae cultivation combining the advantages of photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth.Cyclic cultivation of Chlorella was performed to study the effect of nighttime supplementation on nighttime biomass loss and productivity.Results showed increased biomass productivity compared to pure photoautotrophic productivity.As high as 33 g/m2-day, productivity values were reported with 0.5 g/L of glucose supplement concentration during nighttime compared to the control cycle with the productivity value of 4g/m2-day.Statistical analysis suggested vii productivity values increased with glucose concentration.Bacterial concentration was an order of magnitude lesser than the biomass concentration.Glucose concentration data were collected to calculate the yield coefficient for different supplement concentration.Yield coefficient values up to 0.28gm biomass/gm glucose were achieved with supplement glucose concentration of 0.5 g/L.
A new restriction endonuclease from the anaerobic bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Norway (1980)

The purification and characterization of a new restriction endonuclease, Dde 1, from a sulfate-reducing, anaerobic bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Norway, is reported. The enzyme recognizes the sequence (see formula index) and cleaves at the position indicated by the arrows. The enzyme preparation obtained is suitable for restriction mapping an ligation.
Global seafloor topography from dense satellite altimetry and sparse ship soundings (1997)

We are constructing a complete bathymetric map of the oceans at a 3-10 km resolution by combining all of the available depth soundings collected over the past 30 years with high resolution marine gravity information provided by the ERS-1/2, Geosat and Topex/Poseidon altimeters. Detailed bathymetry is essential for understanding physical oceanography and marine geophysics. Currents and tides are controlled by the overall shapes of the ocean basins as well as the smaller sharp ocean ridges and seamounts. Because erosion rates are low in the deep oceans, detailed bathymetry reveals the mantle convection patterns, the plate boundaries, the cooling/subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere, the oceanic plateaus, and the distribution of off-ridge volcanoes. Current global digital bathymetry maps (e.g. ETOPO-5); lack many important details such as a 400 km-long ridge that rises to within 135 m of sea level (Figure 1). Moreover, they are contaminated by long-wavelength errors (∼2000km) which prevent accurate identification of seafloor swells associated with mantle plumes [Smith, 1993].
Anevac‐D, a new system for close scavenging of anesthetic gases in dental practice (1989)

Anevac-D, a new system for close scavenging of anesthetic gases in dental practice is described. It consists of a rubber nose mask surrounded by an outer rigid shell and a chin scavenger. A vacuum in the slot between the nose masks provides scavenging of gases escaping from the inner mask. Gases escaping from the mouth are evacuated mainly by the skin scavenger. The efficiency of this system was assessed in healthy volunteers using argon as a tracer gas. Mass spectrometry was used for measurement of inspired, expired, and scavenged gas concentrations. The scavenging efficiency of the complete system was around 80% and was not affected by poor patient cooperation. It decreased to about 65% when the chin scavenger was removed. The dentist's exposure was measured by sampling of argon in the breathing zone by a Saran system. The average 4-min exposure varied between 90 and 250 ppm depending on system configuration and patient cooperation. Patient acceptance and clinical applicability were judged good. It is concluded that the Anevac-D system provides excellent scavenging properties and exposure levels well within the official recommendations by the Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health.
Network and Virtual-World Technologies for Training: A Panel Presentation and Discussion (1990)

New adaptations of “virtual-world” and “networking” technologies in the Department of Defense provide effective alternatives to traditional methods of military training. These technologies have broad applicability to education and training in non-military settings as well. Four panelists describe and discuss some of the recent successful demonstrations of “teleteaching,” simulator networking, mechanisms for interoperability networking, and the promise of networks for training and other applications. The session includes a discussion among the panelists as well as interaction between the panel and the audience.
[Purification of hepatitis A virus from human feces]. (1981)

Hepatitis A virus was purified from on early acute phase human stool by a procedure using 10% polyethylene glycol precipitation, sepharose 2B gel filtration, isopycnic banding in cesium chloride, rate zonal separation in sucrose - 99,5% of the 280 nm absorbing fecal impurities were removed.
Making Sense of the Epigenome Using Data Integration Approaches (2019)

Epigenetic research involves examining the mitotically heritable processes that regulate gene expression, independent of changes in the DNA sequence. Recent technical advances such as whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and affordable epigenomic array-based technologies, allow researchers to measure epigenetic profiles of large cohorts at a genome-wide level, generating comprehensive high-dimensional datasets that may contain important information for disease development and treatment opportunities. The epigenomic profile for a certain disease is often a result of the complex interplay between multiple genetic and environmental factors, which poses an enormous challenge to visualize and interpret these data. Furthermore, due to the dynamic nature of the epigenome, it is critical to determine causal relationships from the many correlated associations. In this review we provide an overview of recent data analysis approaches to integrate various omics layers to understand epigenetic mechanisms of complex diseases, such as obesity and cancer. We discuss the following topics: (i) advantages and limitations of major epigenetic profiling techniques, (ii) resources for standardization, annotation and harmonization of epigenetic data, and (iii) statistical methods and machine learning methods for establishing data-driven hypotheses of key regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the future directions for data integration that shall facilitate the discovery of epigenetic-based biomarkers and therapies.
The evolution and function of the middle ear in man. (1969)

This is a publisher’s version of an article published in the Journal of the Otolaryngological Society of Australia 1969. This version is reproduced with permission from the Otolaryngological Society of Australia.
applying econometric techniques to economic anthropology (1979)

This paper demonstrates the ways in which techniques developed by economists prove to be useful tools to compare emic and etic models of production and how these techniques shed light on long‐standing anthropological concerns, including decision‐making processes and processes of socioeconomic differentiation.
Correlation between HIV provirus burden and in utero transmission (1993)

We have previously reported that the number of HIV provirus copies in maternal blood cells is related to transmission of the virus. Quantification of the HIV provirus by polymerase chain reaction may be used as a predictive parameter of vertical transmission if accompanied by an exhaustive clinical and biological follow-up during pregnancy.
On recognizing and positioning curved 3-D objects from image contours (1990)

An approach for explicitly relating the shape of image contours to models of curved three-dimensional objects is presented. This relationship is used for object recognition and positioning. Object models consist of collections of parametric surface patches and their intersection curves; this includes nearly all representations used in computer-aided geometric design and computer vision. The image contours considered are the projections of surface discontinuities and occluding contours. Elimination theory provides a method for constructing the implicit equation of these contours for an object observed under orthographic or perspective projection. This equation is parameterized by the object's position and orientation with respect to the observer. Determining these parameters is reduced to a fitting problem between the theoretical contour and the observed data points. The proposed approach readily extends to parameterized models. It has been implemented for a simple world composed of various surfaces of revolution and tested on several real images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast local motion-compensation algorithm for video sequences with brightness variations (2003)

Proposes a fast local motion-compensation algorithm that improves motion-compensation performance for video sequences with brightness variations. The brightness variation parameters, a multiplier and an offset field for image intensity, are robustly estimated and local motions are compensated. We also propose the frame classification method based on the cross entropy between histograms of two successive frames, to detect the frame with brightness variations. Simulation results show that the proposed method yields a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio than the conventional methods, with a low computational load, when the video scene contains large brightness changes.
The design of MSC(multi-spectral camera) system operation (2004)

Multi-spectral camera (MSC) is a payload on the KOMPSAT-2 satellite to perform the Earth remote sensing. The instrument images the Earth using a push-broom motion with a swath width of 15 km and a ground sample distance (GSD) of 1 m over the entire field of view (FOV) at altitude 685 Km. The installment is designed to have an on-orbit operation duty cycle of 20% over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable gain/ offset and onboard image data compression/storage. The MSC instrument has one (1) channel for panchromatic imaging and four (4) channels for multi-spectral imaging covering the spectral range from 450 nm to 900 nm using TDI CCD Focal Plane Array (FPA). In this work, the architecture and function of MSC hardware including electrical interface and the operation concept which have been established based on the mission requirements are described. The design and the preparation of MSC system operation are analyzed and discussed.
<title>High contrast ratio In<formula><inf><roman>x</roman></inf></formula>Ga<formula><inf><roman>1-x</roman></inf></formula>As/GaAs multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulators</title> (1991)

We report optical modulation results on InGaAs/GaAs coupled multiple quantum well spatial light modulators. The structures consist of an n+ GaAs buffer, an undoped 250 period coupled multiple quantum well layer, and a p+ GaAs/InAs cap. The samples are probed at room temperature using photoabsorption spectroscopy. An absorption peak is observed at 969 nm, and this shifts to 982 nm as the field is increased from 0 to 67 kV/cm, in good agreement with theory. For a single pass through the structure, this results in a contrast ratio > 8:1 at 969 nm. A second modulator exhibits a contrast ratio > 8:1 at 1.04 micrometers .
Driving method for liquid crystal lens to increase focus range (2019)

A new method of voltage application is proposed to increase the focus range of a liquid crystal lens driven by two voltages. It is possible for the optical power of the liquid crystal lens to change in a wider range, while the root mean square aberration of low level is maintained. The liquid crystal lens is driven by a frequency of the voltages different in positive and negative lens states to obtain its largest optical power in each state. An obvious increase in focus range is realised.
Unsteady Heat Transfer Measurements from Transonic Turbine Blades at Engine Representative Conditions in a Transient Facility (2008)

Abstract The unsteady heat transfer measurements about a transonic turbine blade at engine representative Mach and Reynolds numbers are presented. High density, fast-response thin film gauges are employed at the midheight streamline. A description of the novel development of gold gauges together with a brief overview of their calibration and signal processing is presented. Detailed time and phase-averaged measurements have been obtained, providing insight into the role of upstream nozzle guide vane (NGV) wakes and shock features. These heat transfer results compliment recent fast-response aerodynamic results on this and similar transonic profiles, which highlight the dominance of the upstream vane-rotor interaction over convected wake segments, particularly in light of unsteady turbine blade loading. From a heat transfer standpoint, however, while the periodic shock events contributed to abrupt, localized heat transfer enhancements, the influence of NGV wake segments on the boundary layer could not be discounted when duration of unsteadiness was considered.
Software framework for spatially tracked pre-beamformed RF data with a freehand clinical ultrasound transducer (2014)

Acquisition of ultrasound (US) pre-beamformed radio-frequency (RF) data is essential in photoacoustic (PA) imaging research. Moreover, 3D PA imaging can provide volumetric information for a target of interest. However, existing 3D PA systems require specifically designed motion stages, an ultrasound scanner and a data acquisition system to collect 3D pre-beamformed RF data. These systems are incompatible with clinical ultrasound systems and are difficult to reconfigure and generalize to other PA research. To overcome these limitations, we proposed and developed a new software framework for spatially-tracked pre-beamformed RF data acquisition with a conventional 2D ultrasound transducer and external tracking device. We upgraded our previous software framework using task-classes of OpenIGTLinkMUSiiC2.0 and MUSiiCToolkit 2.0. We also improved our MUSiiCToolKit 2.0 by adding MUSiiCNotes 2.0, a collection of specific task-classes for US research. MUSiiC-DAQServer2.0, MUSiiC-TrackerServer and MUSiiCSync are the main modules of our software framework. Spatially-tracked 2D PA frames are collected efficiently using this software framework for 3D PA research and imaging. The software modules of our software framework are based on the concept of network distributed modules and can simultaneously support multiple-client connections via TCP/IP network. In addition, the collected 2D PA frames are compatible with other MUSiiCToolKit 2.0 modules such as MUSiiC-Beamform, MUSiiC -BMode and MUSiiC - ImageViewer modules. These aspects of our software framework allow us to easily reconfigure and customize our system to other PA or US research.