gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies to mitigate dissociative and psychotomimetic effects of ketamine in the treatment of major depressive episodes: a narrative review (2016)

Objectives Replicated evidence has demonstrated that ketamine exerts rapid-acting and potent antidepressant effects. Notwithstanding, its promise to mitigate depressive symptoms and suicidality in antidepressant-resistant populations, several limitations and safety concerns accompany ketamine including, but not limited to, the potential for abuse and psychotomimetic/dissociative experiences. The focus of the current narrative review is to synthesise available evidence of strategies that may mitigate and fully prevent treatment-emergent psychotomimetic and dissociative effects associated with ketamine administration. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant articles. Results Potential avenues investigated to minimise psychotomimetic effects associated with ketamine administration include the following: (1) altering dosing and infusion rates; (2) route of administration; (3) enantiomer choice; (4) co-administration with mood stabilisers of antipsychotics; and (5) use of alternative N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-modulating agents. Emerging evidence indicates that dissociative experiences can be significantly mitigated by using an intranasal route of administration, lower dosages, or use of alternative NMDA-modulating agents, namely lanicemine (AZD6765) and GLYX-13. Conclusions Currently, intranasal administration presents as the most promising strategy to mitigate dissociative and psychotomimetic effects; however, studies of strategies to mitigate the adverse events of ketamine are limited in number and quality and thus further investigation is still needed.
Refactor Software architecture using graph transformation approach (2012)

Software in use needs to be adapted to changing requirements and this involves changing the architecture of the system. Software architecture usually suffers from problems known as architectural bad smells, e.g. dependency cycles, duplicate design artifacts and so on. Architecture refactoring can be considered as the first step in the quest of maintaining system quality during evolution, and a process of eliminating architectural bad smells. In this respect, to improve quality and decrease complexity, software artifacts need to be restructured and refactored. The impact of refactoring on the architecture level can be very useful by leading to the architectural stability of the system, and can keep software architecture clean, easy to maintain and easy to evolve. In this paper, we introduce an approach for refactoring component based software architecture artifacts using graph transformations; we use a specific graph transformation tool called AGG (Attribute Graph Grammar) in order to get rid of architectural bad smells.
Sitting on the Runway: Current Aircraft Taxi Times Now Exceed Pre-9/11 Experience (2008)

Several high profile incidents have focused attention on "tarmac delays" that resulted in air travelers spending long periods of time aboard aircraft waiting to either take off or move to a gate after landing. Taxi-time data collected by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) for the year 2007 shows: • Both outbound and inbound taxi times increased noticeably in 2007 and surpassed the previous peak reached in 2000; • 93 percent of flights left the ground within 30 minutes of gate departure, compared to 96 percent in 1995; • Extended taxi times in excess of 2 hours, which occur infrequently, increased in recent years but have not reached the levels experienced in the 1999 to 2000 period; • The longest taxi-out times occurred during the summer; and, • Although flight volumes impact taxiing times, other factors also come into play.
Synthesis of the <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> isomers of 4-Chloro-L-proline, 4-Bromo-L-proline, and 4-Amino-L-proline (1967)

cis- and trans-4-Chloro- and 4-bromo-L-prolines have been synthesized stereospecifically, the key step being SN2 displacement of a free or substituted 4-hydroxyl group in suitably protected 4-hydroxy-L- prolines. Similar displacements with azide ion followed by reduction provide convenient routes to cis- and trans- 4-amino-L-proline. A less satisfactory pathway to cis-4-aminoproline is reduction of a 4- oximinoproline derivative. In the course of the syntheses, which involve a variety of protecting groups, 45 new L-proline derivatives have been prepared. Unexpected side reactions were the formation of cis-4-hydroxyprolinamide by the action of ammonia on trans-4- bromoproline, and the reduction by sodium borohydride of N- benzyloxycarbonyl-4-oximinoproline methyl ester to N-benzyloxycar- bonyl-4-oximinoprolinol.
Depth-of-focus reduction for digital in-line holography of particle fields (2005)

Poor axial precision caused, in part, by large depth of focus (tau) has been a vexing problem in extraction of particle position from digital in-line holograms. A simple method is proposed to combat this depth-of-focus difficulty. The method is based on decoupling of size and position information. With d, Delta, and lambda being particle diameter, CCD pixel size, and the wavelength, respectively, our main theoretical result is the reduction of tau from tau - d2/lambda to tau - Delta2/lambda for particles of known size. This result is confirmed in laboratory experiments with holograms of calibrated glass spheres.
Ultraviolet-induced densification in fused silica (1997)

Ultraviolet-induced densification in fused silica is investigated using birefringence measurements to detect compaction-induced strain. This technique is capable of measuring compaction in the 10 parts per billion range in cm-sized specimens. A universal relation describing ultraviolet-induced compaction is discovered in which, using the total energy absorbed from two-photon absorption as the dose parameter, density changes equal a material dependent constant times the dose parameter to a power of about 0.65. This dose dependence is consistent with past compaction studies using electron beam and gamma radiation. Moreover, the density change per ionization “event” is found to be consistent for all radiation types. By comparing density measurements to refractive index change measurements found with interferometry, polarizability changes from ultraviolet-induced densification are extracted and compared with previous results using other radiation sources and inelastic densification methods.
A coupled discrete-continuum approach for modelling of water flow in jointed rocks (1993)

Water flow in jointed rocks is currently modelled either by the discrete or by the equivalent continuum approach. A coupled discrete-continuum approach is presented to simulate water flow in the near and far fields in jointed rock masses. In the near field, where, for example, a dam is constructed or a tunnel is excavated, the discrete model is used and water flows through interconnected fractures only; in the far field, the equivalent continuum model is employed by using the boundary integral equation method. The region requiring discrete modelling of the rock mass adjacent to an underground tunnel or a dam foundation under any flow conditions can be determined by this approach. Numerical examples show the potential of this approach for fundamental studies, such as in the determination of the REV of a rock mass, as well as for engineering applications. The efficacy of this approach is also shown by its application to a conceptual dam foundation problem. L'écoulement de l'eau dans des roches fissurées est couramment modélisée à l'aide d'approaches soit discrètes, soit de milieu continu équivalent. l'article présente une approche couplée discrète-continue permettant de simuler l'écoulement de l'eau dans des champs proches on éloignés de masses rocheuses fissurées. Dans le champ proche, où par example un barrage ou un tunnel peuvent être construits, le modèle discret est utilisé et l'eau circule uniquement dans les fractures interconnectées. Dans un champ plus élogigné, la modélisation par milieu continu équivalent est mise en oeuvre à partir de la méthode de l'équation intégrale aux limites. La région qui nécessite une modélisation discrète de la masse rocheuse entourant un tunnel souterrain ou les fondations d'un barrage sous n'importe quelles conditions d'écoulement peut être déterminée à l'aide de cette approche. Des examples numériques montrent l' adéquation de cette approche aux études fondamentales, telle que la détermination du REV d'une masse rocheuse, aussi bien qu'aux applications en ingénierie. l'efficacité de cette méthode est également mise en évidence à l'aide d'applications aux problèmes de fondations de barrage.
Development of AUTOSAR Software Components within Model-Based Design (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The steady growth in the number of electronic control units on the average vehicle and the complexity of the algorithms that reside on these controllers has resulted in one of the most significant initiatives in the automotive industry in years. AUTOSAR - the Automotive Open System Architecture - has united more than 100 companies, automobile manufacturers, suppliers and tool vendors to develop a standard architecture for electronic control units. By the end of 2006 Version 2.1 was released, and now OEMs as well as suppliers have started to develop and integrate AUTOSAR-compliant functionality and components into vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will focus on the approach and challenges faced by engineers developing AUTOSAR-compliant production code using Model-Based Design.</div>
Spectral-domain optical coherence reflectometric sensor for highly sensitive molecular detection (2007)

We describe what we believe to be a novel use of spectral-domain optical coherence reflectometry (SD-OCR) for highly sensitive molecular detection in real time. The SD-OCR sensor allows identification of a sensor surface of interest in an OCR depth scan and monitoring the phase alteration due to molecular interaction at that surface with subnanometer optical thickness sensitivity. We present subfemtomole detection sensitivity for etching of SiO(2) molecules and demonstrate its application as a biosensor by measuring biotin-streptavidin binding in a microfluidic device.
Gender Differences in the Kinetics and Kinematics of Distance Running: Implications for Footwear Design (2012)

Interest in distance running amongst females has expanded rapidly. Although there are numerous health benefits associated with running, the occurrence of injury is well documented. Given the relative susceptibility of females to overuse running injuries, a key issue within the discipline of footwear biomechanics that has yet to be appropriately addressed is the specific demands of athletic footwear for females. The aim of this study was therefore to provide both a kinetic and 3-D kinematic comparison of male and female runners in order to determine the relative susceptibility of females to the proposed mechanisms of overuse injuries and whether based on this information, females require more specific footwear designs to meet their needs. Twelve male participants and twelve female participants completed five successful trials running at 4.0ms-1+5%. 3-D angular joint kinematics from the hip, knee and ankle were collected using an eight camera motion analysis system. In addition simultaneous tibial acceleration and ground reaction forces were obtained. Differences in impact parameters and joint kinematics were subsequently compared using independent samples t-tests. Females were found to be associated with significantly greater knee abduction, knee internal rotation and ankle eversion, whilst males were associated with significantly greater hip flexion. Based on these findings it is recommended that females select running footwear with design characteristics aimed towards the reduction of coronal plane ankle eversion in order to reduce the incidence of injury.
Photoacoustic determination of the residual stress and transverse isotropic elastic moduli in thin films of the polyimide PMDA/ODA (1995)

We present results of experiments on thin films of the polyimide PMDA/ODA using the real-time impulsive stimulated thermal scattering (ISTS) technique. We determine the transverse isotropic modulus, and we describe a method which allows residual stress determination from ISTS data. The residual stress determined in this way is in good agreement with measurements made using other techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CodeBreak 100: Phase I study of AMG 510, a novel KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitor, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors other than non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). (2020)

3511 Background: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( KRAS) p.G12C mutation occurs in approximately 13% of NSCLC and 1%–3% of CRC and other solid tumors. AMG 510 is a first-in-class small molecule that specifically and irreversibly inhibits KRAS G12C . Previously, AMG 510 showed preliminary antitumor activity and favorable tolerability in pts with KRAS p.G12C mutant NSCLC or CRC in the phase 1, first-in-human trial. Here, we report results in pts with other tumor types from the same trial. Methods: This study evaluates AMG 510 in pts with locally-advanced or metastatic KRAS p.G12C mutant solid tumors. Key inclusion criteria: KRAS p.G12C mutation via local testing and prior systemic anticancer treatment (tx). Oral daily doses of 180, 360, 720, and 960 mg were tested in the dose escalation, and 960 mg was selected for expansion. Primary endpoint is safety; key secondary endpoints include pharmacokinetics and objective response rate as assessed per RECIST 1.1. Response is assessed every 6 weeks (wks) for 24 wks then every 12 wks thereafter. Results: As of January 8, 2020, 25 pts (9 female, median age 60 years [range: 40–75]) with tumor types categorized by investigators as histology other than NSCLC and CRC were enrolled and dosed (10 pancreatic cancer, 4 appendiceal cancer, 2 endometrial cancer, 2 unknown primary cancer, 1 bile duct cancer, 1 sinonasal cancer, 1 ampullary cancer, 1 small bowel cancer, 1 melanoma, 1 small cell lung cancer, and 1 esophageal cancer). 23 pts received 960 mg dose. 20 pts (80.0%) had ≥2 prior lines of tx. At data cutoff, 13 pts (52.0%) remained on tx; 9 (36.0%) and 3 (12.0%) pts remained on tx for ≥3 and ≥6 months, respectively. Median follow up was 4.3 months (range: 0.1–12.6). Tx-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 9 pts (36.0%). 2 pts (8.0%) had grade 3 TRAEs, including diarrhea (1/25) and pneumonia (1/25, serious AE). No dose-limiting toxicities, grade ≥4, or fatal TRAEs were reported. No TRAEs led to tx discontinuation. 3 pts had not been followed up for ≥7 wks by the data cutoff. 22 pts were followed up for ≥7 wks, and their best overall responses were: 3 confirmed partial response (1 appendiceal, 1 melanoma, and 1 endometrial), 13 stable disease (6 pancreatic, 2 appendiceal, 1 ampullary, 1 bile duct, 1 endometrial, 1 sinonasal, and 1 unknown primary), and 6 progressive disease. Conclusions: AMG 510 was well tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity in pts with advanced KRAS p.G12C mutant solid tumors other than NSCLC and CRC. Clinical trial information: NCT03600883 .
Induction of antibodies to nuclear antigens in rabbits by immunization with hydralazine-human serum albumin conjugates. (1975)

The antihypertensive drug hydralazine can induce in man a syndrome similar to spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of this drug-induced syndrome is not understood. In this investigation, five groups of rabbits were studied: group I, 10 rabbits hyperimmunized with hydralazine conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA); group II, four rabbits with HSA in CFA; group III, four rabbits with CFA alone; group IV, five rabbits with hydralazine conjugated to rabbit serum albumin (RSA); and group V, four rabbits with a major metabolite of hydralazine conjugated to HSA. The rabbits immunized with hydralazine-HSA developed rising titers of antibodies to hydralazine and progressively increasing amounts of antibodies to both single-stranded and native DNA. The antibodies to DNA were cross-reactive with hydralazine as determined by inhibition of DNA binding and DNA hemagglutination tests. Similar results were obtained in rabbits immunized with the metabolite-HSA compound except the major hapten antibody response was to the metabolite. The DNA antibodies in this group were also capable of being absorbed by metabolite-HSA as well as hydralazine-HSA, indicative of the cross-reactivity between hydralazine and its metabolite. Immunization with hydralazine-RSA caused rabbits to produce antibodies to hydralazine but not to DNA, indicating the requirement for an immune response to the carrier protein in order for antibodies reactive with DNA to be produced. Thus, hyperimmunization of rabbits with hydralazine-protein conjugates may provide a useful animal model of SLE. The data suggests that an immune response to hydralazine may be important in human hydralazine-induced SLE.
Intermittent protein-sparing fasting with abdominal belting. (1986)

In an attempt to minimize the weight regain that often follows effective weight reduction, a programme has been evaluated which involved the use of a nylon waist cord which could be readily tightened but not lengthened, during a regime of alternating periods of a liquid diet and a high-fibre natural diet combined with behavioural modification. Forty subjects completed the initial cycle of a liquid regime with an overall weight loss of 7.7 kg during the treatment period. Thirty-six of these subjects have been followed up for a mean of 12 months after the completion of the treatment programme. Five subjects are difficult to categorize having worn the cord for some but not all of this time. Fourteen have continued to wear the waist cord throughout and have achieved a further mean weight loss of 4.8 kg. This differs significantly from the 17 subjects who cut off the cord and who have regained a mean of 6.6 kg. The results suggest that an adjustable waist cord is a valuable aid to achieving successful and permanent weight reduction in some subjects.
Transversely coupled fiber Fabry-Perot resonator: theory (1987)

The theory of output intensities and field strengths of two variants of a four-port fiber-based device called a transversely coupled fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer is presented. The analysis is sufficiently general to consider both input and output from all four arms in both variants. Finesse is calculated for all modes of operation.
The receptive endometrium is characterized by apoptosis in the glands (1998)

Apoptosis in the human endometrium up to now has been detected during the mid to late luteal phase and therefore connected to the onset of the menstrual shedding. However, there is increasing evidence that regulated apoptosis may be important during decidualization and implantation. To investigate a possible role for apoptosis in the human endometrium and its regulation, we correlated the immunolocalization of the apoptosis regulatory protein bcl-2 and the proliferation marker Ki67 to the in-situ nuclear DNA fragmentation - a key feature of apoptosis - detected by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labelling (TUNEL) method during the menstrual cycle. Whereas proliferation and bcl-2-expression were predominantly detected in the glandular compartment during the proliferative phase, only single apoptotic cells could be shown during this period. During the transformation of the endometrium (days 15-19) proliferation and bcl-2 expression decreased markedly and there was no sign of apoptosis. At the beginning of the implantation window (days 19-20) we could detect the first signs of apoptosis in the glandular epithelia in the basalis, which extended to the functionalis during the luteal phase. Proliferation and bcl-2 expression are limited to the stromal compartment comprising the large granular lymphocytes - during this time, and extend in parallel with apoptosis from the basal to the functional layers. Apoptosis therefore may be related to the loss of the protective effect of bcl-2 and may have significance for the establishment of an endometrium adequately prepared for successful implantation.
Temperature Stabilization of GaAs MESFET Oscillators Using Dielectric Resonators (1983)

A simple model of the temperature stabilization of dielectric resonator FET oscillators (DRO's) is presented. Deduced from the oscillation condition, the model furnishes relations for oscillation power and frequency stability with temperature. A stack resonator with an appropriate linear resonance frequency/temperature characteristic has been developed and used to stabilize a DRO: frequency stability of +- 120 kHz over - 20°C to 80°C (/sup delta=/+- 0.1 ppm/K) at 11.5 GHz has been achieved.
The ovate pontic for fixed bridgework (2012)

Fixed bridgework is a commonly prescribed prosthesis for the replacement of missing teeth. In order for this to be provided successfully, the practitioner should have a working knowledge of the available options for pontic design.This is especially important in cases where aesthetic demands are high.
Advanced Air Gap Process for Multi-Level-Cell Flash Memories Reducing Threshold Voltage Interference and Realizing High Reliability (2007)

As the cell size of flash memories is scaled down, the reading error due to threshold voltage (Vth) interference has become a more serious problem, particularly in the case of multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memories, it is necessary for the Vth distribution to be narrower than that of the single-level-cell (SLC). In this work, we propose an advanced air gap structure and process to reduce the interference due to the capacitance between floating gate and floating gate. By applying an air gap between neighboring floating gates as a lowest-dielectric-constant material, we can suppress Vth interference markedly. In addition, we clarified the correlation between the air gap forming process and the memory cell reliability. Hydrogen included in the SiO2 film, which is deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) during air gap formation causes the degradation of memory cell endurance and the de-trapping characteristics. We were able to achieve a high-reliability memory cell by reducing the hydrogen concentration in the SiO2 by optimizing the deposition process for air gap formation.
Fluid Density and Gravitational Variations in Deep Boreholes and Their Effect on Fluid Potential (1989)

ABSTRACT As depth below the water table increases, there can be significant spatial variations in fluid density. Fluid density is a function of fluid temperature, total dissolved solids and gases content, fluid compressibility, and the force of gravity. Variations in fluid density can affect the applicability of measured water levels to represent fluid pressure at depth and the existence of a scalar fluid potential. Where ground water is sufficiently heterogeneous, fluid pressure and fluid density must be known spatially to properly determine the three‐dimensional impelling force per unit mass E =— [gk + (1/p) ▽P]. Assuming that the water‐level elevation in deep boreholes represents a fluid potential may result in significant errors in determining flow directions and quantities under conditions of a variable density fluid and low hydraulic gradients. Boreholes constructed to investigate the feasibility of deep geologic disposal of nuclear waste have penetrated to depths greater than 1,500 m below the Earth's surface. In these deep boreholes, fluid density variations may need to be considered as a part of the hydrologic analysis. Fluid density variations with depth, predicted as general cases based on simple models, indicate the relative importance of temperature, compressibility, and gravity variations at three potential high‐level nuclear waste repository locations. Fluid density generally decreases with depth for sites where geothermal gradients are greater than 20°C/km, and thermal expansion can offset the effects of fluid compressibility.