gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic integration and online evaluation of vision‐based lane detection algorithms (2018)

Lane detection techniques have been widely studied in the last two decades and applied in many advance driver assistance systems. However, the development of a robust lane detection system, which can deal with various road conditions and efficiently evaluate its detection results in real time, is still of great challenge. In this study, a vision‐based lane detection system with dynamic integration and online evaluation is proposed. To increase the robustness of the lane detection system, the integration system dynamically processes two lane detection modules. First, a primary lane detection module is designed based on the steerable filter and Hough transform algorithm. Then, a secondary algorithm, which combines the Gaussian mixture model for image segmentation and random sample consensus for lane model fitting, will be activated when the primary algorithm encounters a low detection confidence. To detect the colour and line style of the ego lanes and evaluate the lane detection system in real time, a lane sampling and voting technique is proposed. By combining the sampling and voting system system with prior lane geometry knowledge, the evaluation system can efficiently recognise the false detections. The system works robustly in various complex situations (e.g. shadows, night, and lane missing scenarios) with a monocular camera.
Software Project Management: The Manager's View (1999)

As businesses become more dependent on information technology for their operations, IS managers are under increasing pressure to deliver quality applications software on time and within budget. Thus, in addition to their technical skills, they must master the necessary management skills to lead and control software development projects. The purpose of this tutorial is to present the fundamental concepts of modern project management and show how these concepts can be applied to software development projects. The tutorial presents a broad overview of current software project management practices that evolved over the years from a variety of complex projects. The subject is presented from the manager's rather than from the developer's perspective. The focus is on large and complex projects because these projects are the most challenging and in need of an effective project management discipline.
Direct Real-Time Detection of Vapors from Explosive Compounds (2013)

The real-time detection of vapors from low volatility explosives including PETN, tetryl, RDX, and nitroglycerine along with various compositions containing these substances was demonstrated. This was accomplished with an atmospheric flow tube (AFT) using a nonradioactive ionization source coupled to a mass spectrometer. Direct vapor detection was accomplished in less than 5 s at ambient temperature without sample preconcentration. The several seconds of residence time of analytes in the AFT provided a significant opportunity for reactant ions to interact with analyte vapors to achieve ionization. This extended reaction time, combined with the selective ionization using the nitrate reactant ions (NO3(-) and NO3(-)·HNO3), enabled highly sensitive explosives detection from explosive vapors present in ambient laboratory air. Observed signals from diluted explosive vapors indicated detection limits below 10 ppqv using selected ion monitoring (SIM) of the explosive-nitrate adduct at m/z 349, 378, 284, and 289 for tetryl, PETN, RDX, and NG, respectively. Also provided is a demonstration of the vapor detection from 10 different energetic formulations sampled in ambient laboratory air, including double base propellants, plastic explosives, and commercial blasting explosives using SIM for the NG, PETN, and RDX product ions.
Transformerless DC-to-DC converters with large conversion ratios (1988)

A novel switching DC-to-DC converter is introduced in which large voltage step-down ratios can be achieved without a very small duty ratio and without a transformer. The circuit is an extension of the Cuk converter to incorporate a multistage capacitor divider. A particularly suitable application would be a 50 V to 5 V converter in which DC isolation is not required. The absence of a transformer and a larger duty ratio permits operation at a high switching frequency and makes the circuit amenable to partial integration and hybrid construction techniques. An experimental 50 W three-stage voltage divider Cuk converter converts 50 V to 5 V at 500 kHz, with an efficiency higher than that for a basic Cuk converter operated at the same conditions. A corresponding voltage-multiplier Cuk converter is described, as well as dual buck-boost-derived step-down and step-up converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integration of thin film giant magnetoimpedance sensor and surface acoustic wave transponder (2012)

Passive and remote sensing technology has many potential applications in implantable devices, automation, or structural monitoring. In this paper, a tri-layer thin film giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensor with the maximum sensitivity of 16%/Oe and GMI ratio of 44% was combined with a two-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) transponder on a common substrate using standard microfabrication technology resulting in a fully integrated sensor for passive and remote operation. The implementation of the two devices has been optimized by on-chip matching circuits. The measurement results clearly show a magnetic field response at the input port of the SAW transponder that reflects the impedance change of the GMI sensor.
Characterization of New Highly Virulent German Isolates of <i>Bremia lactucae</i> and Efficiency of Resistance in Wild <i>Lactuca</i> spp. Germplasm (2003)

Abstract Four German isolates (FS1, SR2, SAW1 and DEG2) of Bremia lactucae originating from lettuce cultivars with R‐factors R18 and Dm 6 + R36 were used for detailed characterization of virulence factors (v‐factors) and for the study of the resistance efficiency in wild Lactuca spp. germplasm. The highest complexity of v‐phenotype was recognized in isolate DEG2, which overcomes resistance in cv. Mariska (R18) and line CS‐RL ( L. serriola × L. sativa , R18 + ?), until now known as resistant to all known races of B. lactucae in Europe. However, some sparse sporulation also occurred on cv. Titan ( Dm 6 + R36). The isolates SR2 and SAW1 overcome the resistance based on the gene R36, but are avirulent to R18. The v‐phenotype of SR2 is highly complex with the most important v‐factors being present except for v14 and v18. The isolate FS1 is the first in Germany originating from a cultivar with R18 (cv. Samourai). The search for efficient sources of resistance in 64 accessions of 11 wild Lactuca spp. and primitive forms of L. sativa showed broad variation in accession–isolate interactions. Expression of race‐specific resistance in wild Lactuca spp. ( L. serriola , L. viminea , L. virosa ) was recorded frequently. Lactuca indica and L. saligna could be considered as the most efficient sources of resistance against isolates FS1, SR2 and SAW1. The isolate DEG2 showed the highest level of virulence. On seedlings of L. saligna , which is considered as a most important source of resistance against B. lactucae , there was frequently recorded limited sporulation, however this response cannot be considered as a susceptible. Except for some L. saligna accessions (CGN 05310 and CGN 05315), the resistance to all studied isolates was only observed in one accession of L. serriola (PI 253467).
Deep Brain Stimulation (2007)

DBS is an effective surgical treatment for movement disorders with sustained long-term benefits. Further research is ongoing to better understand the mechanism of DBS, refine the hardware to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects, and identify additional applications and new anatomic targets.
THE EVERYDAY MARVELS OF RUST AND MOSS: JOHN RUSKIN AND THE ECOLOGY OF THE MUNDANE (2011)

(2011). THE EVERYDAY MARVELS OF RUST AND MOSS: JOHN RUSKIN AND THE ECOLOGY OF THE MUNDANE. Green Letters: Vol. 14, Victorian Ecology, pp. 10-22.
Synthesis of Peptide−Protein Conjugates Using <i>N</i>-Succinimidyl Carbamate Chemistry (2010)

Peptide-protein conjugates are useful tools in different fields of research as, for instance, the development of vaccines and drugs or for studying biological mechanisms, to cite only few applications. N-Succinimidyl carbamate (NSC) chemistry has been scarcely used in this area. We show that unprotected peptides, featuring one lysine residue within their sequences, can be converted in good yield into NSC derivatives by reaction with disuccinimidylcarbonate (DSC). No hydrolysis of the NSC group was observed during RP-HPLC purification, lyophilization, or storage. NSC peptides reacted efficiently within minutes with lysozyme used as model protein. To illustrate usefulness of the method consisting of the synthesis of a peptide-protein conjugate of biological interest, a NSC peptide derived from a peptide substrate for tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TS) was synthesized and ligated to receptor-binding nontoxic B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB). Immunofluorescence studies showed the intracellular delivery of the TS-STxB conjugate and its ability to circulate to the Golgi as the native STxB protein. Moreover, we demonstrate that the TS label could be sulfated by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases present in the Golgi. Thus, NSC chemistry permitted rapid synthesis of a peptide-protein conjugate worthwhile for studying the transport of proteins from the plasma membrane to the Golgi. The second part of this article describes a more general method for synthesizing peptide-protein conjugates without any limitation of the peptide sequence. The conjugates were assembled by combining NSC chemistry and alpha-oxo semicarbazone ligation. To this end, a glyoxylyl NSC peptide was synthesized and reacted with lysozyme. The glyoxylyl groups on the protein were then reacted with a semicarbazide peptide to produce the target peptide-protein conjugate. Both reactions, namely, urea bond formation and alpha-oxo semicarbazone ligation, were carried at pH 8.0 using a one-pot procedure.
Exploratory Investigation into a Chemically Activated Fly Ash Binder for Mortars (2017)

This paper explores the beneficial use of low-reactivity coal fly ashes as cementitious binder in mortars without heat activation. A uniform design scheme was employed for the statistical design of experiments. Predictive models were developed to quantify the influence of mix design parameters on the compressive strength of fly ash mortars and enable the optimization of mortar designs. The slump flow and the 28-day surface resistivity of fly ash mortars were also studied. The first group of mortar specimens was fabricated using Class C and Class F coal fly ashes and admixtures intended to improve the strength and durability of hardened mortar. In the absence of chemical activation, these fly ash mortars exhibited a relatively low 28-day compressive strength in the range of 2.9–20.5 MPa. The second group of mortar specimens was fabricated using the same Class C fly ash along with the following chemical activators: sodium silicate, quicklime, calcium chloride, and sodium sulfate. Admixing chemical activators into fly ash mortars led to a noticeable improvement in their mechanical properties, with a 28-day compressive strength in the range of 16.8–33.6 MPa. Microscopic examination was conducted to shed light on the hydration behavior of fly ash particles using an electron probe microanalyzer. The results revealed the active role of chemical activators in promoting the dissolution of fly ash particles and the formation of hydration products.
The thin film head for VCR (1994)

We have investigated a thin film head for VCR application whose structure has a long depth and a gap surface that is perpendicular to the substrate. We made a test device that has a CoZr amorphous thin film core. The conductor is a helicoid that is wound three-dimensionally around the core and is fabricated by thin film processes. The thin film head obtained larger normalized output voltage by track width and inductance than a MIG head between 1 to 10 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) as Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 2C8 (2005)

Statins are involved in different types of drug interactions. Our objective was to study the effect of statins on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8-mediated paclitaxel 6 alpha-hydroxylation by incubating paclitaxel and statins (0--100 microM) with pooled human liver microsomes. Simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin and fluvastatin were the most potent inhibitors of CYP2C8 activity with K(i) (IC(50)) values of 7.1 (9.6) muM, 8.4 (15) microM, 16 (38) microM and 19 (37) microM, respectively. Cerivastatin, simvastatin acid and lovastatin acid were less potent inhibitors with K(i) (IC(50)) values ranging from 32 to 55 (30--67) microM. Rosuvastatin and pravastatin showed no appreciable effect on CYP2C8 activity even at 100 microM. In conclusion, all the statins tested, except rosuvastatin and pravastatin, had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP2C8 in vitro. Because many of the statins accumulate in the liver and because also their metabolites may inhibit CYP2C8 activity, in vivo studies are needed to investigate a possible interaction of simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin and fluvastatin with CYP2C8 substrate drugs.
Cloudy sky velocity estimation based on optical flow estimation leading with an entropy criterion (2003)

In a surveillance system in an aerospace environment which has the task of detecting a source a long distance away and thus has a very low resolution, cloudy sky velocity estimation should allow a lower rate of false alerts in discriminating the motion between the different patterns. This kinematic field estimation with little apparent motion could be effective by using the generalized Hough transform method or with a differential method based on optical flow by which one should locally obtain the kinematic field estimation. The paper aims at showing and adapting this differential method in areas where there is motion. These areas are detected by means of an entropy criterion. The method can discern the global movement of objects whatever their form. A local kinematic vector estimation method, based on the least mean squares is then tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antineoplastic action of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and phenylbutyrate on human lung carcinoma cells (2002)

Current chemotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer produces only a modest increase in survival time. New approaches are needed to improve its effectiveness. During tumorigenesis, silencing of tumor suppressor genes can occur by aberrant methylation. The DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR), can reactivate the expression of these genes. Nucleosomes containing unacetylated positively charged histones bind tightly to DNA producing a compact configuration, which inhibits transcription. Phenylbutyrate (PB), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), increases histone acetylation, neutralizing its positive charge and resulting in DNA with a more open structure, which favors transcription. It has been reported that 5-AZA-CdR in combination with HDAC inhibitor can increase the expression of silent tumor suppressor genes. The objective of our study was to determine if these agents, in combination, produce an enhancement of their antitumor activity. We evaluated the antineoplastic activity of 5-AZA-CdR and PB alone or in combination on human A549 and Calu-6 lung carcinoma cell lines by inhibition of DNA synthesis and clonogenic assays. 5-AZA-CdR and PB in combination produced a greater inhibition of DNA synthesis than either agent alone. Also, in a clonogenic assay the combination of these drugs showed a significant synergistic antitumor effect. These results provide a rationale to investigate the combination of 5-AZA-CdR and PB in patients with advanced lung cancer.
A digital regulated solar array power module (1971)

A concept for regulating the power developed on a s o l a r a r r a y a t the source (i.e., on the array' was experimentally investigated.This concept permits the power developed on the array to b e delivered directly to an electrical load a t the voltage o r current required by the load.In the particular concept investigated, regulation was achieved by controlling the power output of array segments arranged in s e r i e s and in a weighted binary fashion.The power output of an array segment could be removed from the s e r i e s by shorting switches.
A phase 3 study of three induction regimens and of priming with GM-CSF in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (2003)

The optimal induction for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unknown. Several anthracyclines have been proposed, but the data remain equivocal. Additionally, few prospective trials of priming with hematopoietic growth factors to cycle leukemia cells prior to induction chemotherapy have been conducted. Three hundred and sixty-two older adults with previously untreated AML were randomized to either daunorubicin, idarubicin or mitoxantrone with a standard dose of cytarabine as induction therapy. In addition, 245 patients were also randomized to receive granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or placebo beginning 2 days prior to induction chemotherapy and continuing until marrow aplasia. No difference was observed in the disease-free overall survival or in toxicity among patients receiving any of the 3 induction regimens or among those receiving growth factor or placebo for priming. However, the complete remission rate for the first 113 analyzable patients, who did not participate in the priming study and started induction therapy 3 to 5 days earlier than those who did, was significantly higher (50% versus 38%; P =.03). None of the anthracyclines is associated with improved outcome in older adults. Priming with hematopoietic growth factor did not improve response when compared with placebo. Furthermore, delaying induction therapy in older adults may lead to a lower complete remission rate.
Genetic analysis of atopy and asthma as quantitative traits and ordered polychotomies (1994)

Traits related to atopy and asthma were defined in a random cohort of 131 families with three or more children. Correlation analysis provides no evidence of imprinting, maternal effect, or a major role of environment shared by sibs. Commingling analysis favours more than one distribution, the upper one being common for asthma and very common for atopy. Segregation analysis of rank-transformed variables provides only equivocal evidence of major genes against a polygenic background but suggests that such genes (if present) are individually common and not of large effect. Segregation analysis under a two-locus model gives consistent results with minimal distributional assumptions. To enter combined segregation analysis we favour a restricted model in which the major locus is additive on the liability scale and the pseudopolygenic modifier locus accounts for at least half the genetic variance. Total IgE and bronchial reactivity are proposed for meta-analysis of atopy and asthma respectively. Genetic analysis of complex inheritance is discussed and it is shown that allelic association with random loci is not a feasible approach.
Dietary casein levels and taurine supplementation. Effects on cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activities and tuarine concentration in brain, liver and kidney of the rat. (1979)

Activities of cysteine dioxygenase (CO) and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSD) and the concentrations of taurine (T) in brain, liver and kidney of rats fed on diets containing 18% casein (A), 60% casein (B) and 17% casein supplemented with 1% of taurine (+T), were measured. Regardless of the diet, the three measurements were the same in the brains of the animals in the three groups. In the liver and the kidney, CO activity was also the same in all three diets, but a decrease of CSD activity associated to an increase of T was observed in rats fed on diet B. The taurine-supplemented diet led to an increase in T concentration.
Induction of DNA‐Protein Crosslinks in Melanotic Cloudman S91 Mouse Melanoma Cells and EMT6 Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells by Monochromatic 254 and 405 nm Light (1989)

The rates of induction of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) by monochromatic radiation at 254 and 405 nm were compared in melanotic S91 mouse melanoma cells and EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. At 254 nm, the rates of induction of DPC are the same in the two cell lines, whereas, at 405 nm, the rate of induction of DPC in the melanotic cells is considerably less than that in the nonmelanotic cells. Since the major difference in the two cell lines with respect to absorption is melanin, the latter finding implies that intracellular melanin can protect against this DNA damage caused by a component of environmental carcinogenic solar radiation.
Water vapor interference in the measurement of ozone in ambient air by ultraviolet absorption (1991)

Atmospheric observations show that ultraviolet absorption ozone monitors used for ambient measurements can, under some conditions, respond to variable water vapor concentrations with quantitative responses varying from instrument to instrument. A combined theoretical and experimental study shows that these monitors should not respond to water vapor. The source of the response appears to be the varying extinction of ultraviolet light by the windows of the optical cells. A change of 6-g H2O kg air−1 gives, at maximum, an extinction equivalent to 800 ppbv ozone. This changing extinction appears to be related to surface contaminants or surface structure on the cell windows. Instruments with such cell windows can give spurious ozone results in some measurement sequences.
Molecular Design of Bisphosphonate-Modified Proteins for Efficient Bone Targeting In Vivo (2015)

To establish a rational molecular design for bisphosphonate (BP)-modified proteins for efficient bone targeting, a pharmacokinetic study was performed using a series of alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing BP, modified proteins with various molecular weights and varying degrees of modification. Four proteins with different molecular weight-yeast glutathione reductase (GR; MW: 112,000 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA; MW: 67,000 Da), recombinant human superoxide dismutase (SOD; MW: 32,000 Da), and chicken egg white lysozyme (LZM; MW: 14,000 Da)-were modified with ALN to obtain ALN-modified proteins. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the tissue distribution of the ALN-modified and unmodified proteins was performed after radiolabeling them with indium-111 (111In) by using a bifunctional chelating agent. Calculation of tissue uptake clearances revealed that the bone uptake clearances of 111In-ALN-modified proteins were proportional to the degree of ALN modification. 111In-GR-ALN and BSA-ALN, the two high-molecular-weight proteins, efficiently accumulated in bones, regardless of the degree of ALN modification. Approximately 36 and 34% of the dose, respectively, was calculated to be delivered to the bones. In contrast, the maximum amounts taken up by bone were 18 and 13% of the dose for 111In-SOD-ALN(32) and LZM-ALN(9), respectively, because of their high renal clearance. 111In-SOD modified with both polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ALN (111In-PEG-SOD-ALN) was efficiently delivered to the bone. Approximately 36% of the dose was estimated to be delivered to the bones. In an experimental bone metastasis mouse model, treatment with PEG-SOD-ALN significantly reduced the number of tumor cells in the bone of the mice. These results indicate that the combination of PEG and ALN modification is a promising approach for efficient bone targeting of proteins with a high total-body clearance.