gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Prevention of Recurrent Epistaxis (1995)

Both oral and vaginal mucosae become atrophic in estrogen-deficient women, with these changes responding well to either local or systemic estrogen therapy.1,2The gums of estrogen-deficient women bleed more easily than those of otherwise similar women who are not estrogen deficient.3The skin of postmenopausal women becomes atrophic due to loss of its collagen, this alteration returning to normal within a few months of estrogen supplementation.4,5The influence of estrogen deficiency on the nasal mucosa, however, has apparently not been investigated. In my practice as a general internist, women receiving supplemental estrogen have seemed less likely to have epistaxis, and most postmenopausal women with frequent anterior epistaxis have demonstrated prominent atrophy of their nasal mucosa over Kesselback's plexus, the usual site of their bleeding. Seven of these women were advised to apply 0.5 cm of estrogen vaginal cream twice daily, by fingertip, to this area and then
Using classification to determine the number of finger strokes on a multi-touch tactile device (2004)

Abstract. On certain types of multi-touch touchpads, determining the number of finger stroke is a non-trivial problem. We investigate the application of several classification algorithms to this problem. Our experiments are based on a flat prototype of the spherical Touchglobe touchpad. We demonstrate that with a very short delay after the stroke, the number of touches can be determined by a Support Vector Machine with an RBF kernel with an accuracy of about 90 % (on a 5-class problem). 1
Minireview: Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A Signaling: Implications for Metabolic Disease (2010)

Numerous members of the nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily have been demonstrated to regulate metabolic function in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. This review brings together recent studies that have associated members of the NR superfamily, the orphan NR4A subgroup, with the regulation of metabolic function and disease. The orphan NR4A subgroup includes Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2), and Nor-1 (NR4A3). Expression of these receptors is induced in multiple tissues by a diverse range of stimuli, including stimuli associated with metabolic function, such as: β-adrenoceptor agonists, cold, fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and thiazolidinediones. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function studies in major metabolic tissues (including skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver cells and tissues) have associated the NR4A subgroup with specific aspects of lipid, carbohydrate, and energy homeostasis. Most excitingly, although these orphan receptors do not have known endogenous ligands, several small molecule agonists have recently been identified. The preliminary studies reviewed in this manuscript suggest that therapeutic exploitation of the NR4A subgroup may show utility against dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Roles of PINK1, mTORC2, and mitochondria in preserving brain tumor-forming stem cells in a noncanonical Notch signaling pathway (2013)

The self-renewal versus differentiation choice of Drosophila and mammalian neural stem cells (NSCs) requires Notch (N) signaling. How N regulates NSC behavior is not well understood. Here we show that canonical N signaling cooperates with a noncanonical N signaling pathway to mediate N-directed NSC regulation. In the noncanonical pathway, N interacts with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) to influence mitochondrial function, activating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)/AKT signaling. Importantly, attenuating noncanonical N signaling preferentially impaired the maintenance of Drosophila and human cancer stem cell-like tumor-forming cells. Our results emphasize the importance of mitochondria to N and NSC biology, with important implications for diseases associated with aberrant N signaling.
Effect of Emitter Ledge Thickness on InGaP∕GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2008)

The temperature-dependent characteristics of heterojunction bipolar transistors with different emitter ledge thickness are studied and demonstrated. From experimental results, devices and show the highest current gains, lowest base current, and base current ideality factors. Devices and also exhibit an improved thermal stability on dc current–voltage characteristics. Moreover, device shows the best reliability performance after a stress test. Therefore, the data support that the optimum emitter ledge thickness is between 100 and .
Optimization of femtosecond laser processing of silicon via numerical modeling (2016)

Surface processing of silicon using a 400-fs ytterbium fiber laser has been experimentally investigated. Processing was conducted using an average power of 20 W at laser repetition rates from 500 kHz – 2 MHz and scanning speeds up to 2.8 mm/s. Samples showed both effective material removal and detrimental surface artifacts resulting from high surface temperatures during the ablation process. A numerical model has been constructed to simulate the macroscopic surface heating mechanism in femtosecond laser processing. The model validates the experimental results, predicting the observed occurrence of oxidation and melting for un-optimized laser parameters. The surface-heating sensitivity to laser repetition rate, laser fluence, and scanning speed has been comprehensively analyzed, allowing for the first identification of optimized processing conditions to control surface heating and mitigate thermal artifacts in femtosecond laser processing. This work demonstrates a path for predicting deterministic femtosecond laser processing of silicon and other materials.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (2018)

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) refers to optic nerve injury resulting from direct and indirect head and facial trauma. The pathogenesis of indirect TON has not been fully elucidated, and the management of TON remains controversial. In this review article, I review the recent literature regarding TON and discuss how to manage indirect TON.
Narrow-Band Stripline or Microstrip Filters with Transmission Zeros at Real and Imaginary Frequencies (1980)

Simple approximate design equations are derived in this paper for an even degree (n /spl ges/ 6) low-pass inverter capacitance prototype filter having single transmission zeros at both real and imaginary frecuencies. This is achieved by utilizing one or two additional couplings. The transmission zeros improve considerably the passband group delay and increase the skirt selectivity compared to those of the ordinary Chebyshev prototype. An exact and more complicated method based on the known generalized Chebyshev rational function approximation is also presented for the comparison. The prototype with one additional coupling is utilized to realize narrow-bandpass printed circuit filters consisting of half-wave resonators.
Endogenous Steroids in the Rat Seminiferous Tubules. Comparison of the Stages of the Epithelial Cycle Isolated by Transillumination‐Assisted Microdissection (1982)

A microdissection procedure is described that allows the isolation of segments of rat seminiferous tubules in different stages of the epithelial cycle. This procedure is based on spermatogenic stage‐dependent differences in the transillumination pattern along the freshly isolated, unstained seminiferous tubules. It allows collection of segments representing defined stages in amounts sufficient for biochemical studies (5–10 mg wet weight). Tubular segments at stages I, II–III, IV–V, VI, VIIa–b, VIIc–d, VIII, IX–XI, XII, and XIII–XIV have been used for measurement of endogenous concentrations of testosterone, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone by radioimmunoassays after Lipidex‐5000 chromatography. Testosterone was the most abundant steroid at all stages of the cycle, and its concentration at stage VIII was significantly higher than at any other stage. The concentration of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone was markedly lower and did not exhibit similar differences in distribution. The levels of progesterone and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone were the same at all stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. A number of morphologic and biochemical observations suggest unique changes in the metabolic activity of both germ cells and Sertoli cells at stages VII and VIII of the cycle. The possible androgen control of these changes is discussed.
Hydrotalcite Decomposition Mechanism:  A Clue to the Structure and Reactivity of Spinel-like Mixed Oxides (1996)

The structure of the phases obtained upon dehydration and decomposition of hydrotalcite-like compounds is investigated by several experimental techniques. A reaction mechanism is proposed encompassing a change in coordination of the M(III) cations during the dehydration step. The formation of a 3-dimensional structure occurs upon the subsequent decomposition of the interlayer anions and dehydroxylation of the octahedral layers. In the decomposed material the cations are trapped in the interstices of a regular oxygen cubic close packed lattice and exhibit a considerable disorder. Strains develop during the decomposition, which are likely related to the observed increase of surface area. The thermal stability of the decomposed materials is connected to the reduced cation diffusivity in the oxygen lattice.
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography of melanin provides tissue inherent contrast based on depolarization (2010)

Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was used to investigate the polarization properties of melanin. Measurements in samples with varying melanin concentrations revealed polarization scrambling, i.e. depolarization. The results indicate that the depolarizing appearance of pigmented structures like, for instance, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is likely to be caused by the melanin granules contained in these cells.
Multi-User Opportunistic Scheduling using Power Controlled Hierarchical Constellations (2007)

In this letter, we study an application of hierarchical constellations (known also as embedded, multi-resolution, or asymmetrical constellations) for multi-user opportunistic scheduling. The key idea is to rely on hierarchical constellations to transmit information to two or more best users simultaneously in each transmission. The transmit power as well as the constellation parameter is changed according to the link qualities of the selected users in a way that a given target bit error rate (BER) is satisfied. The expressions for the average transmit power, and the outage probability with truncated channel inversion power control are presented. We also analyze and compare buffer distribution, average buffer occupancy, and packet loss probability of different; schemes via queuing analysis. We finally compare the hierarchical scheme for multi-user scheduling with a uniform constellation-based time-slotted scheme
Smurf control in bone cells (2010)

The homologous to the E6-associated protein carboxyl terminus (HECT) domain E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 is the first E3 ligase to be implicated in regulating bone cell function. The involvement of Smurf1 in multiple signaling pathways and pathological conditions is presently an area of extensive scientific interest. This review highlights recent works exploring Smurf-regulated biological processes in bone cells and highlights recent discoveries surrounding the regulatory mechanisms modulating its catalytic activity and substrate recognition capability. Moreover, we discuss the relevance of targeting the HECT E3s through the development of small-molecule inhibitors as an anticancer therapeutic strategy.
A novel hydroperoxyl substituted cembranolide diterpene from marine soft coral Lobophytum crassum (2005)

A new cembranolide diterpene with a hydroperoxyl substitution was isolated from the marine soft coral Lobophytum crassum. The structure was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral methods.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Muscadine Grape Seed Extracts (2007)

The objectives of this research were i) to optimize extraction of phenolic compounds from muscadine grape seeds using food grade solvents, ii) to characterize and quantify the phenolic compounds present in Carlos muscadine grape seed extracts, iii) to assess the oxidative stability of the grape seed extract, iv) to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the optimal muscadine grape seed extract, and v) to evaluate the effect of muscadine grape seed extract on MCF-10A breast cells.\n\nCarlos muscadine grape seeds were manually removed from the skin and pulp, then freeze-dried or oven-dried. Phenolic compounds were extracted from muscadine grape seeds using a Dionex Accelerated Solvent Extractor&#61650; 200 following a two factor composite design. The two factors were solvent and temperature. Ethanol in combination with water and ethyl acetate in combination with water were evaluated in this research. Solvent percentages ranged from 35% to 95% and temperature ranged from 75&#61616;C to 150&#61616;C. Optimal extraction conditions were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. Identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy. \n\nThe optimal extraction conditions for the highest recovery of phenolic compounds consisted of the freeze-dried seeds extracted with 65% ethanol and 35% water at 150&deg;C, with total phenolic and oxygen radical absorbance capacity values of 5.87 mg GAE&#8260;g and 60.32 &#61549;M-TE&#8260;g of seeds, respectively. The four major phenolic compounds quantified in the muscadine grape seed extract were epicatechin, catechin, gallic acid and ellagic acid.\t\tOxidative stability index of the muscadine grape seed extract resulted in an induction period of 4.6 hours. In the antimicrobial study, both muscadine grape seed extract and ellagic acid inhibited the growth of E. coli 0157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium at 104 cfu&#8260;ml. These research findings show that muscadine grape seed extracts contain phytochemicals with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that can be used in applications including food ingredients, food supplements and other nutraceutical applications.
Evaluation of polydentate picolinic acid chelating ligands and an α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone derivative for targeted alpha therapy using ISOL-produced 225Ac (2019)

TRIUMF's ISOL facility is able to provide <sup>225</sup>Ac suitable for preclinical screening of radiopharmaceutical compounds; [<sup>225</sup>Ac(octapa)]<sup>-</sup>, [<sup>225</sup>Ac(CHXoctapa)]<sup>-</sup>, and [<sup>225</sup>Ac(DOTA-CycMSH)] may be good candidates for further targeted alpha therapy studies.
Methionine Hydroxy Analog: Varying Levels for Lactating Cows (1970)

Beginning two weeks before anticipated parturition and for 90 days post-partum, 24 Holstein cows received a concentrate (14.5% crude protein) containing either 0, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8% methionine hydroxy analog. Concentrate was limited to 11 to 12 kg/day and corn silage-urea (0.5%) was offered free choice. A milk production response curve indicated peak production at approximately 25 g analog/day. Fat content of milk increased with analog intake. Reduced silage and concentrate consumption was common with the highest analog level. Free fatty acid and triglyceride content of serum a-lipoproteius and triglycerides of the fllipoproteins were reduced in cows fed analog from those with no analog.
Sensor and control design of a dynamically stable biped robot (2004)

The biped robot "Johnnie" is designed to achieve a dynamically stable gait pattern, allowing for high walking velocities. Very accurate and fast sensors were developed for the machine. In particular the design of the 3D-orientation sensor and the 6-axes force-torque sensor are presented. The control scheme is based on the information from these sensors to deal with unstructured terrain and disturbances. Two different implementations are investigated: a computed torque approach and a trajectory control with adaptive trajectories. Walking speeds of 2.0 km/h have been achieved in experiments.
Effect of Glutathione Depletion on Antitumor Drug Toxicity (Apoptosis and Necrosis) in U-937 Human Promonocytic Cells (2001)

Treatment with the DNA topoisomerase inhibitors etoposide, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, and with the alkylating agents cisplatin and melphalan, caused peroxide accumulation and apoptosis in U-937 human promonocytic cells. Preincubation with the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) always potentiated peroxide accumulation. However, although GSH depletion potentiated the toxicity of cisplatin and melphalan, occasionally switching the mode of death from apoptosis to necrosis, it did not affect the toxicity of the other antitumor drugs. Hypoxia or preincubation with antioxidant agents attenuated death induction, apoptotic and necrotic, by alkylating drugs. The generation of necrosis by cisplatin could not be mimicked by addition of exogenous H(2)O(2) instead of BSO and was not adequately explained by caspase inactivation nor by a selective fall in ATP content. Treatment with cisplatin and melphalan caused a late decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim), which was much greater during necrosis than during apoptosis. The administration of the antioxidant agents N-acetyl-l-cysteine and butylated hydroxyanisole after pulse treatment with cisplatin or melphalan did not affect apoptosis but attenuated necrosis. Under these conditions, both antioxidants attenuated the necrosis-associated DeltaPsim decrease. These results indicate that oxidation-mediated alterations in mitochondrial function regulate the selection between apoptosis and necrosis in alkylating drug-treated human promonocytic cells.
Human innate lymphoid cells (2014)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphoid cells that do not express rearranged receptors and have important effector and regulatory functions in innate immunity and tissue remodeling. ILCs are categorized into 3 groups based on their distinct patterns of cytokine production and the requirement of particular transcription factors for their development and function. Group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) produce interferon γ and depend on Tbet, group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) produce type 2 cytokines like interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 and require GATA3, and group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) include lymphoid tissue inducer cells, produce IL-17 and/or IL-22, and are dependent on RORγt. Whereas ILCs play essential roles in the innate immune system, uncontrolled activation and proliferation of ILCs can contribute to inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of ILCs in the context of health and disease. We will focus on human ILCs but refer to mouse studies if needed to clarify aspects of ILC biology.
Cell-mediated immunity to soluble and particulate inhaled antigens. (1979)

In order to determine the influence of an antigen's physical properties on the development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in the lung following aerosol immunization, human serum albumin (HSA) was prepared in either a soluble or a particulate form, the latter being coupled to respirable, carboxylated latex beads. Antigen was administered via an aerosol to groups of guinea-pigs, twice weekly for up to 4 weeks. Additional groups of animals served as unexposed and unconjugated latex controls. Lymphoid cells for CMI assays were isolated from the lung by bronchopulmonary lavage and from blood for use in mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation assays, as well as indirect macrophage migration inhibition tests. Particulate HSA-exposed animals yielded the highest numbers of free lung cells containing predominantly macrophages, with up to 33% lymphocytes. These were followed by the latex control, soluble HSA and unexposed control groups, respectively. Only the animals exposed to particulate HSA had evidence of antigen reactivation in the lung cell populations as measured by lymphocyte stimulation assays. In contrast, a response to polyclonal mitogens was found only in animals exposed to antigen in a soluble form. Data from macrophage depletion experiments suggest that the antigenicity of inhaled antigens may be due to the types and numbers of cells responding to the stimulus, and the subsequent role the alveolar macrophage may play in the modulation of cellular immunity.
Challenges and Trends inDeveloping Nonvolatile Memory-Enabled Computing Chips for Intelligent Edge Devices (2020)

Under the von Neumann computing architecture, the edge devices used for artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoTs) are limited in terms of latency and energy efficiency due to the movement of data between the memory and the processor. Nonvolatile memory-based computation-in-memory (nvCIM) is a promising candidate to overcome this issue, referred to as the memory wall. This article outlines the background and major challenges in the development of nvCIM macros as well as some of the recent progress in nvCIM for logic computation, pattern-matching computation, and multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) computation. We also summarize recent trends in nvCIM development at the end of each section.
Long‐Term Expression of Highly Differentiated Functions by Isolated Porcine Hepatocytes Perfused in a Radial‐Flow Bioreactor (2001)

To overcome the limitations of standard hollow-fiber module in ensuring efficient cell perfusion and long-term expression of highly differentiated hepatocyte functions, we developed a novel bioreactor in which a three-dimensional hepatocyte culture system was perfused in radial-flow geometry. Isolated porcine hepatocytes were cultured for 2 weeks in recirculating serum-free tissue culture medium, in which NH4Cl and lidocaine were repeatedly added, and ammonia removal, urea synthesis, monoethylglycinexylide (MEGX) production, albumin secretion, Po2, Pco2, O2 consumption, and pH were measured thereafter. During the whole duration of the study, ammonia removal was paralleled by urea production, while MEGX concentration was constantly increased. Our results indicated that hepatocytes remained differentiated and metabolically active throughout the duration of the study. The radial-flow bioreactor allowed physiological contact between recirculating fluid and cells by equalizing the concentration of the perfusing components, including O2, throughout the module, suggesting a potential use of this configuration for extracorporeal liver support.
Communitarian theory and community development in the United States (1998)

Communitarian theory, like many community development efforts in the USA, views the rebuilding of community as a process of social organization involving self-help, institutional integration and consensus-building. This article focuses on the self-limiting aspects of one such community development initiative, in Chicago's Humboldt Park area, and highlights in particular a reluctance to consider strategies of political action in response to the pressures of gentrification. This case suggests that communitarian conceptions of community-building - to the extent that they rule out the political articulation of rights-based demands - provide a weak theoretical foundation for community development.
Optical coherence tomography (2005)

A review is presented of different scanning, acquisition and processing techniques used to obtain depth-resolved information in optical-coherence tomography (OCT). The principles and performances of different OCT techniques are discussed and images from different types of tissue are presented. Special attention is devoted to the progress in using the time-domain flying spot OCT technique and combination of the en face OCT imaging with confocal microscopy. Although OCT is based on white light interferometry, which is a well established and an old technology, the quest for higher resolution and faster acquisition of in vivo images has ensured OCT a rapid evolution in the last decade. Highly adventurous avenues to expand the OCT capabilities and trends are presented at the end of the review.