gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling the 3D Bit-Rock Interaction Helps Designing Better PDC Bits (2019)

Abstract The bit-rock interaction has long been studied to assess PDC drill bit performance, which is driven both by cutting and non-cutting parts of the drill bit. While the cutter-rock interaction has been studied by many authors in the literature, only a few studies have focused on the interaction between the rock and non-cutting parts of the drill bit. In this paper, we introduce a new method designed to model the interaction between the whole drill bit and the rock formation within a full three-dimensional framework. This approach is based on a generic computational geometry algorithm which simulates the drilling process considering both the drill bit and the hole being drilled as a set of 3D meshed surfaces. The volume of rock removed by the PDC cutters as well as the area and the volume of contact between the rock and the non-cutting parts of the drill bit can be computed with a high accuracy based on the 3D CAD model of the drill bit. The in-house drill bit simulator implementing this algorithm primarily allows the engineer to estimate how bit-rock interactions distribute between cutting and non-cutting parts of the drill bit and to balance the bit design in the 3D space accordingly over a given range of drilling parameters. This approach has been brought to the field in order to address cutter breakage based on rubbing contacts optimization. Field results associated to some case studies in US shale plays and Canada are described and clearly show that contact points predictions closely match field observations. Moreover, design modifications applied following this process have led to an overall increase in bit performance and bit durability while preventing core-out issues. The bit design methodology presented in this paper is dedicated to design drill bits whose interaction with the rock formation is predicted with a higher accuracy by accounting for the exact 3D shape of the drill bit.
A Compiler for Deep Neural Network Accelerators to Generate Optimized Code for a Wide Range of Data Parameters from a Hand-crafted Computation Kernel (2019)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a compiler for a deep neural network accelerator that provides high performance and energy efficiency. The compiler allows deep learning frameworks, such as TensorFlow, to exploit the accelerator hardware by automatically creating data transfer code and outer loops around highly-tuned hand-crafted inner-loops for a wide range of neural network parameters. In other words, our compiler significantly reduces the development effort for deep learning libraries without sacrificing their performance. We have evaluated our prototype compiler to show that it can generate code for five most-critical deep learning operators with a comparative performance obtained from hand-tuned code.
Neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease and therapeutic opportunities (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 24 million people worldwide. A number of different risk factors have been implicated in AD; however, neuritic (amyloid) plaques are considered as one of the defining risk factors and pathological hallmarks of the disease. In the past decade, enormous efforts have been devoted to understand the genetics and molecular pathogenesis leading to neuronal death in AD, which has been transferred into extensive experimental approaches aimed at reversing disease progression. Modern medicine is facing an increasing number of treatments available for vascular and neurodegenerative brain diseases, but no causal or neuroprotective treatment has yet been established. Almost all neurological conditions are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction, which, regardless of the pathogenetic mechanism, finally leads to neuronal death. The particular emphasis of this review is on risk factors and mechanisms resulting in neuronal loss in AD and current and prospective opportunities for therapeutic interventions. This review discusses these issues with a view to inspiring the development of new agents that could be useful for the treatment of AD.
High-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a new PRAME-derived peptide can target leukemic and leukemic-precursor cells (2011)

The cancer testis antigen (CTA) preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) is overexpressed by many hematologic malignancies, but is absent on normal tissues, including hematopoietic progenitor cells, and may therefore be an appropriate candidate for T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Because it is likely that an effective antitumor response will require high-avidity, PRAME-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), we attempted to generate such CTLs using professional and artificial antigen-presenting cells loaded with a peptide library spanning the entire PRAME protein and consisting of 125 synthetic pentadecapeptides overlapping by 11 amino acids. We successfully generated polyclonal, PRAME-specific CTL lines and elicited high-avidity CTLs, with a high proportion of cells recognizing a previously uninvestigated HLA-A*02-restricted epitope, P435-9mer (NLTHVLYPV). These PRAME-CTLs could be generated both from normal donors and from subjects with PRAME(+) hematologic malignancies. The cytotoxic activity of our PRAME-specific CTLs was directed not only against leukemic blasts, but also against leukemic progenitor cells as assessed by colony-forming-inhibition assays, which have been implicated in leukemia relapse. These PRAME-directed CTLs did not affect normal hematopoietic progenitors, indicating that this approach may be of value for immunotherapy of PRAME(+) hematologic malignancies.
Memory design to improve testability (2003)

A design-for-testability technique for enhancing the testability of read-write memories is proposed. Parallel testing reduces the test complexity by an order of magnitude. The design does not require additional pins. When the column decoder is inactive in the test mode, control inputs can be activated using the existing pins to exercise various test algorithms. The design is versatile, and several well-known test algorithms can be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Marine Actinomycetes: A New Source of Compounds against the Human Malaria Parasite (2008)

These findings underline the potential of secondary metabolites, derived from marine microorganisms, to inhibit Plasmodium growth. More specifically, we highlight the effect of proteasome inhibitors such as salinosporamide A on in vitro and in vivo parasite development. Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052) now being advanced to phase I trials for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma will need to be further explored to evaluate the safety profile for its use against malaria.
Failure of Pareto-based MOEAs: does non-dominated really mean near to optimal? (2002)

Many multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proposed over the years. The main part of the most successful algorithms such as PESA, or NSGA-II, are the Pareto based selection strategy that decide survivors using dominance among individuals. However, does the Pareto based selection strategy always succeed in finding the Pareto optimal solutions? This paper shows a very simple example that can cause serious trouble for the Pareto based MOEAs. In such an instance, various solutions, which are apart from the true Pareto-optimums, are left as hardly-dominated solutions. We define such solutions as dominance resistant solutions (DRSs), and show a class of problems which produces DRSs easily. To cope with this difficulty we propose the /spl alpha/-domination strategy that relaxes the domination introducing a weak trade-off among objectives. With the /spl alpha/-domination strategy, the DRSs are effectively purged from the population.
Linear and Neural Network Models for Predicting Human Signal Detection Performance From Event-Related Potentials: A Comparison of the Wavelet Transform with Other Feature Extraction Methods (1993)

This report describes the development and evaluation of mathematical models for predicting human performance from discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) of event-related potentials (ERP) elicited by task-relevant stimuli. The DWT was compared to principal components analysis (PCA) for representation of ERPs in linear regression and neural network models developed to predict a composite measure of human signal detection performance. Linear regression models based on coefficients of the decimated DWT predicted signal detection performance with half as many free parameters as comparable models based on PCA scores and were relatively more resistant to model degradation due to over-fitting. Feed-forward neural networks were trained using the backpropagation algorithm to predict signal detection performance based on raw ERPs, PCA scores, or high-power coefficients of the DWT. Neural networks based on highpower DWT coefficients trained with fewer iterations, generalized to new data better, and wer...
Polysiloxane Gel with Low Crosslinking Density for Make-up Cosmetics (1997)

Silicic anhydride has conventionally and routinely been used as a gelling agent for silicones. In the present study, the mechanism wherein a crosslinked silicone having a specific crosslinking density is swollen in the presence of a silicone oil having a low viscosity to form a stable gel was applied to the manufacture of foundations, and optimum conditions that provide favorable functions and satisfactory organoleptic sensation were studied. Polymethylhydrogen siloxanes with a low crosslinking density were prepared by subjecting α,ω-divinyl polydimethyl siloxane to addition polymerization. The viscoelasticities of the gels formed by the resultant products and silicone oil were investigated. based on these results, it is concluded that the most suitable product is a low crosslinking density material obtained by adding α,ω-divinyl polydimethyl siloxane (M¯w: 1.0 kDa) to polymethyl hydrogen siloxane having an average molecular weight of 2.5 kDa under the conditions wherein the concentration of dimethylpolysiloxane (viscosity: 6 × 106 m2 S-1) is 60%. This product provides an enhanced viscosity at a reduced solids content. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous blockade of alpha and beta adrenoceptors impairs cutaneous wound healing in rats (2009)

Abstract Background Recent studies showed that propranolol administration (beta‐antagonist), but not phentolamine administration (alpha‐antagonist), delays cutaneous wound healing. However, alpha adrenoceptor activation may be participating in propranolol‐induced alterations. Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of simultaneous blockade of beta and alpha adrenoceptors on cutaneous wound healing. Methods Rats were treated with propranolol plus phentolamine dissolved in water. An excisional lesion was done and measured. Lesions were formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded 21 days after wounding. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue and Sirius red, and immunostained for alpha‐smooth muscle actin or proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Results Administration of propranolol plus phentolamine reduced wound contraction and re‐epithelialization, but increased cellular proliferation and the number of mast cells. There was no difference in myofibroblast density, collagen fibre organization and polymorphonuclear number between the control and treated groups. Conclusion Simultaneous blockade of beta and alpha adrenoceptors impairs cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, propranolol‐induced impairment on cutaneous wound healing does not occur through alpha adrenoceptor activation.
Biologically Active Endotoxins from <i>Salmonella</i> Mutants Deficient in O- and R-Polysaccharides and Heptose (1967)

Well-characterized Salmonella mutants formerly used in biosynthetic studies of lipopolysaccharides were used to study the toxic portion of the complex endotoxin. Endotoxins prepared from wild types and their mutants were tested for their biological activities, including pyrogenicity, lethality, and immunogenicity. There was little difference either in the endotoxin yields or in the toxicities between endotoxins from the wild-type and O-antigen deficient mutants. Endotoxin containing mostly lipid A and keto-deoxyoctonate (KDO) prepared from the mutant deficient in both O- and R-antigens and the backbone sugar, heptose, was biologically active. Possibly because of the difference in solubility in water, the yield of endotoxin from the heptoseless mutant was about 10% of the wild type. There was complete reciprocal cross-immunity between all endotoxins tested. These observations suggest that the common toxic moiety is not present in the O- and R-polysaccharides or the backbone sugar heptose, but rather is associated with the lipid portion of the molecule which includes mostly lipid A and KDO.
Motor Control Techniques for Figure Animation (1982)

Computer models of skeletons may not show muscle tissue or clothing, but they are an excellent means of displaying the fundamental properties of human motion.
Automatic vessel lumen segmentation and stent strut detection in intravascular optical coherence tomography (2011)

A robust automatic segmentation technique integrating textural and edge information for vessel lumen border extraction and strut detection in intravascular OCT images was designed and presented. The proposed algorithm may be employed for automated quantitative morphological analysis of in-stent neointimal hyperplasia.
Modulation of alpha smooth muscle actin and desmin expression in perisinusoidal cells of normal and diseased human livers. (1991)

It has been suggested that perisinusoidal liver cells (PSC) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrocontractive changes. Using light and electron microscopic immunolocalization techniques, a series of 207 normal and pathologic human liver specimens were evaluated for the expression of alpha smooth muscle (SM) actin and desmin in this and other nonparenchymal cell types. In normal adult liver tissue, PSCs were practically devoid of desmin and exceptionally stained for alpha-SM actin, whereas this actin isoform frequently was encountered in PSCs from the embryonic to the adolescent period. A broad spectrum of pathologic conditions was accompanied by the presence of alpha-SM actin containing PSCs; these were detected preferentially in periportal or perivenular zones according to the predominant location of the underlying hepatocellular damage. The occurrence of this PSC phenotype generally was associated with fibrogenesis and was in some cases detected earlier than overt collagen accumulation. Fibrous bands subdividing liver tissue in cirrhosis and focal nodular hyperplasia, as well as desmoplastic reaction to malignant tumors, contained alpha-SM actin-rich cells admixed with variable proportions of cells coexpressing desmin. In end stages, this population was less numerous than in active fibrotic or cirrhotic processes. Using immunogold electron microscopy, alpha-SM actin was localized in microfilament bundles of typical PSCs. Our results are compatible with the assumption that the appearance of alpha-SM actin and desmin-expressing myofibroblasts results at least in part from a phenotypic modulation of PSCs.
Lack of Association between Gly460Trp Polymorphism of Alpha-Adducin Gene and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in Polish Hypertensives (2001)

Our results suggest lack of association between Gly460Trp polymorphism of alpha-adducin gene and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in Polish hypertensives.
Pyrones. VIII. Biosynthetic investigations of the fungal metabolite phacidin (1982)

Biosynthetic feeding experiments with singly and doubly 13 C-labelled acetate show that phacidin (4-methoxy-6-nonanoyl-2H-pyran-2-one-3-carboxaldehyde) is formed from a heptaketide precursor. A similar feeding with sodium 13 C-formate has shown that the methoxyl and aldehyde carbons are derived from the one-carbon pool.
Response of Linear Resonant Systems to Excitation of a Frequency Varying Linearly with Time (1948)

A general solution of this problem is obtained by means of Laplacian transforms. The resulting complex function is evaluated numerically, and universal response curves are presented in order to facilitate the application of the solution to simple or complicated electrical networks as well as to other resonant systems represented by equivalent networks.
Aircraft fore and aft model suppression system (1987)

This paper will address the design procedure of a modal suppression system that can control fore and aft body oscillation of an aircraft in the presence of turbulence. Power spectral density (PSD) plots will be shown comparing the performance of the airplane with the modal suppression system on and off. Substantial benefits are derived in terms of ride quality improvement when this modal suppression system is used in place of a conventional yaw damper.
Effects of cyclosporine on glucose metabolism. (1989)

Cyclosporine may have deleterious effects on glucose metabolism. This study was designed to characterize more precisely cyclosporine-induced alterations in glucose homeostasis in a large animal model with hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies in addition to simple bolus glucose (IVGTT) and insulin (IVITT) tolerance tests. In experiment 1, IVGTTs and hyperglycemic clamp studies were performed in eight ewes before and after 4 weeks of cyclosporine treatment. Studies were repeated 4 weeks after cessation of therapy. In experiment 2, IVITTs and euglycemic clamp studies were performed in seven ewes before and after 4 weeks of cyclosporine treatment. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were not affected by cyclosporine treatment. In experiment 1 cyclosporine did not alter IVGTTs; however, during sustained hyperglycemia, cyclosporine caused a 37% decrease in net glucose disposal (p less than 0.001) and a 39% decrease in plateau plasma insulin levels (p less than 0.05). In experiment 2 cyclosporine had no effect on IVITTs. Plateau insulin values in euglycemic clamp studies were lowered by 27% (p less than 0.05) after cyclosporine treatment. In addition, the metabolic clearance rate of insulin was increased by 25% (p less than 0.05), and the steady-state insulin clearance rate was increased by 16% (p less than 0.003). Measurements of insulin sensitivity were unchanged by cyclosporine. These experiments suggest that cyclosporine treatment results in impairment of sustained synthesis and secretion of insulin, increased insulin clearance, and unaltered insulin sensitivity.
[Synthesis and anticancer activity of 3-[(3'-methyl-4'-(substituted phenyl)-1',3'-butadienyl] indole derivatives]. (2001)

Compound 8 showed high anticancer and antiinflammatory activities, and is worth further studying.
A New Animal Model for Contact Dermatitis: The Hairless Guinea Pig (1992)

Allergic and irritant contact reactions were evaluated in the recently identified hairless guinea pig, Crl:IAF(HA)BR, a mutant from the Hartley strain. The cutaneous changes were observed macro- and microscopically. The irritant contact dermatitis was induced by croton oil, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), or anthralin. Both hairless and hairy guinea pigs developed similar reactions to these chemicals. The density of the epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) of hairless guinea pigs was significantly higher than that in the hairy strain. Allergic contact sensitization was easily induced with DNCB. Photoallergic contact sensitization was also induced with tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) but not with tribromosalicylanilide (TBS). However, by administration of cyclophosphamide before sensitization, positive photocontact responses were seen with TBS. These results indicate that hairless guinea pigs can be used as animal models for investigation of immunologic and nonimmunologic contact reactions.
Sensitivity of the cough reflex in patients with chronic cough (1992)

Cough may occur in association with excess bronchial secretions and may, therefore, be productive. However, in a proportion of patients the cough is non-productive and a possible association with an enhanced response of the cough reflex has been postulated. Using the irritant capsaicin, the sensitivity of the cough reflex was measured in 363 individuals. A questionnaire was used to divide subjects into three groups: Group A) non-coughing controls; Group B) subjects with non-productive cough; and Group C) subjects with productive cough. The group means (+/- 99% confidence interval (CI)) of the log capsaicin concentration causing two or more coughs (C2) for groups A, B, C were 0.98 (+/- 0.08), 0.64 (+/- 0.09) and 1.04 (+/- 0.23), respectively. The log capsaicin concentration causing five or more coughs (C5) for groups A, B, C were 1.78 (+/- 0.1), 1.16 (+/- 0.12) and 1.54 (+/- 0.25), respectively. Group B was significantly more sensitive to inhaled capsaicin than the other groups (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was observed between groups A and C. Some differences were found when subgroups were examined within groups B and C. In group B, patients with post-nasal drip were found to have a normal sensitivity of the cough reflex and were, therefore, different from the remainder of patients with non-productive cough. In group C, patients with bronchiectasis and current infection showed an increase in the sensitivity of their cough reflex. It is concluded that cough can occur in association with either excess mucus production leading to productive cough or an increase in the sensitivity of the cough reflex, possibly leading to non-productive cough.
Diffusion phenomena due to ion implantation damage and arsenic and phosphorus codiffusion (1990)

Arsenic and phosphorus codiffusion was studied using a buried boron layer. Analysis of the dopant profiles was performed using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, spreading resistance profiles, and junction staining. Contrary to expectations, the profiles of arsenic and phosphorus diffused by themselves were enhanced over the codiffused profiles. The buried boron profile in the case of phosphorus alone was enhanced over the boron profile in the case of arsenic and phosphorus codiffusion. The residual annealing of implantation damage is thought to be responsible for these effects. In addition, the suppression of the self-interstitial supersaturation for codiffused conditions is a transient effect and is postulated to be caused by an increase in recombination of implantation-generated vacancies and self-interstitials due to the presence of a high concentration of arsenic atoms.
Moisture Analysis of Forage by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy: Preliminary Collaborative Study and Comparison Between Karl Fischer and Oven Drying Reference Methods (1988)

Abstract A collaborative study of moisture analysis by neai infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been completed involving 5 laboratories and 20 forage samples. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibrations for moisture were developed in the Associate Referee's laboratory from Karl Fischer (KF) and AOAC air oven (AO) (135°C for 2 h) moisture methods, respectively, and transferred to each collaborating laboratory's NIRS instrument. NIRS moisture data were validated with KF data from the Associate Referee's laboratory and AO data from each collaborating laboratory. The standard error of analysis of KF data by NIRS KF determination and AO data by NIRS AO determination ranged from 0.25 to 0.48% and from 0.74 to 1.88%, respectively. The standard errors between laboratories for NIRS KF and NIRS AO determinations were 0.2" and 0.39%, respectively. The standard error between moisture analyses by NIRS KF and NIRS AO calibrations, averaged across laboratories, was 0.42%. In addition, the standard error between laboratories for the AOAC AO method was 0.63%. The increase in standard error for the AOAC AO method was due to the random and systematic errors associated with the gravimetric techniques. The results indicate that NIRS analysis can accurately and precisely deterrr ine the moisture content of forages and forage crops because of th« very strong absorbance of water in the near infrared region.