gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preconditioned C/GMRES algorithm for nonlinear receding horizon control of hovercrafts connected by a string (2005)

This paper describes preconditioning methods for real-time algorithm of nonlinear receding horizon control. Nonlinear receding horizon control requires a solution of a finite-horizon optimal control problem at each sampling time. Although the problem can be solved by a fast algorithm called C/GMRES, calculation may fail for some stiff systems. By introducing preconditioning methods such as block Jacobi or ILU preconditioner to a part of solving linear equations in the algorithm, it is possible to obtain a more accurate solution and to make the algorithm more numerically robust. The preconditioned algorithm is evaluated in a numerical example and is demonstrated in a hardware experiment of position control for hovercrafts connected by a string.
A murine model of inflammation-induced cerebral microbleeds (2016)

LPS produced rapid and robust development of H&E-positive (at 2 days) and PB-positive (at 7 days) CMH. The ease of development of both H&E- and PB-positive CMH makes the LPS-induced mouse model suitable to study inflammation-induced CMH.
Ensemble-Based Virtual Screening for Cannabinoid-Like Potentiators of the Human Glycine Receptor α1 for the Treatment of Pain (2015)

The human glycine receptors (hGlyRs) are chloride-selective ion channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain stem and spinal cord. They are also targets for compounds of potential use in analgesic therapies. Here, we develop a strategy to discover analgesic drugs via structure-based virtual screening based on the recently published NMR structure of the hGlyR-α1 transmembrane domain (PDB ID: 2M6I ) and the critical role of residue S296 in hGlyR-α1 potentiation by Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We screened 1549 FDA-approved drugs in the DrugBank database on an ensemble of 180 hGlyR-α1 structures generated from molecular dynamics simulations of the NMR structure of the hGlyR-α1 transmembrane domain in different lipid environments. Thirteen hit compounds from the screening were selected for functional validation in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing hGlyR-α1. Only one compound showed no potentiation effects; seven potentiated hGlyR-α1 at a level greater than THC at 1 μM. Our virtual screening protocol is generally applicable to drug targets with lipid-facing binding sites.
Design Criteria, Operating Conditions, and Nickel–Iron Hydroxide Catalyst Materials for Selective Seawater Electrolysis (2016)

Seawater is an abundant water resource on our planet and its direct electrolysis has the advantage that it would not compete with activities demanding fresh water. Oxygen selectivity is challenging when performing seawater electrolysis owing to competing chloride oxidation reactions. In this work we propose a design criterion based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations that identifies alkaline conditions as preferable to obtain high selectivity for the oxygen evolution reaction. The criterion states that catalysts sustaining the desired operating current with an overpotential <480 mV in alkaline pH possess the best chance to achieve 100 % oxygen/hydrogen selectivity. NiFe layered double hydroxide is shown to satisfy this criterion at pH 13 in seawater-mimicking electrolyte. The catalyst was synthesized by a solvothermal method and the activity, surface redox chemistry, and stability were tested electrochemically in alkaline and near-neutral conditions (borate buffer at pH 9.2) and under both fresh seawater conditions. The Tafel slope at low current densities is not influenced by pH or presence of chloride. On the other hand, the addition of chloride ions has an influence in the temporal evolution of the nickel reduction peak and on both the activity and stability at high current densities at pH 9.2. Faradaic efficiency close to 100 % under the operating conditions predicted by our design criteria was proven using in situ electrochemical mass spectrometry.
New Radionuclide Tracers for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (1988)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a calcitonin-producing tumor that occurs in familial and sporadic forms, can be monitored satisfactorily with measurements of calcitonin and CEA in serum. However, locating the tumor site may be difficult. In the current review of the experience with four new radionuclide tracers for MTC, the relative value of each of these procedures is outlined. Total body imaging using TI-201 chloride and Tc-99m(V) DMSA are both sensitive techniques that can be used for the detection and follow-up of MTC. Imaging using I-131 MIBG and I-131 anti-CEA antibodies/fragments should be performed once the diagnosis and the tumor site have been established, to evaluate if patients might be amenable for therapy with one of these radiopharmaceuticals.
Here are ways to increase sulfur processing capability (1989)

A major problem facing refinery planners is what to do about an increase in sulfur-processing requirements. This increase is caused by an increase in the capacity of the refinery, an increase in the sulfur content of the crude, or regulations that require the finished products to meet more stringent (lower) sulfur-content requirements. Here are some ideas and guidelines to use with respect to the primary units within the refinery that must process an increased quantity of sulfur. Processing examples and their estimated costs are also presented.
Quality of Life of Infants with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Large Prospective Observational Study (2017)

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are very common during infancy, leading to frequent medical consultations. The aim of this large, prospective study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) and clinical management of infants with FGID. Methods: Completely or partially bottle-fed infants under 5 months old, presenting one or more FGID (regurgitation, constipation, diarrhea, crying/fussing), were enrolled during initial consultation by 111 pediatricians in private practice throughout France and reassessed at one month. Parents were asked to complete the QUALIN QoL questionnaire at inclusion and at Day 15. Results: A total of 815 infants (mean age 2.1±1.2 months) were evaluable. Mean QoL score improved from +27.2±15.1 at inclusion to +38.0±12.9 at day 15 (p<0.0001) irrespective of FGID symptoms. Multivariate analysis indicated that younger age, dietary advice, and partial breastfeeding were associated with better QoL outcome. Gastrointestinal symptoms showed significant regression at Day 30. The number of bottle feeds followed by external reflux episodes decreased from 80.0±27.4% to 36.1±31.4% at Day 30 (p<0.0001), the weekly number of stools increasing from 3.9±4.0 to 8.0±3.7 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Medical management based on information, reassurance, lifestyle advice and dietary intervention improved QoL in infants with FGID and led to a reduction in FGID symptoms.
Research on Intrusion Detection System Based on PCA (2013)

Network intrusion data are often indicated by high-dimension and the inseparability of linear.RBF neural network does not drop the dimension of the function,which directly detects the original data and moves very slowly,and leads to the inefficiency of the real-time network intrusion detection.To reduce the dimension by traditional selective deletion will result in the loss of information and degrade the detection accuracy of network intrusion.In order to improve the network intrusion detection rate and detection speed,we are putting forward the network intrusion detection method(PCA-RBF) which combines a principal component analysis(PCA) and the RBF neural network.PCA-RBF builds the RBF neural network intrusion detection model on the base of PCA network intrusion’s eliminating the redundant information and processing original data dimension.The simulation results show that compared to traditional RBF method,the PCA-RBF reduces the undetected rate,the false detection rate,shortens detection time and improves the detection accuracy rate,which demonstrates its good detection performance.
Pax6 Downregulation Mediates Abnormal Lineage Commitment of the Ocular Surface Epithelium in Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye Disease (2013)

Keratinizing squamous metaplasia (SQM) of the ocular surface is a blinding consequence of systemic autoimmune disease and there is no cure. Ocular SQM is traditionally viewed as an adaptive tissue response during chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) that provokes pathological keratinization of the corneal epithelium and fibrosis of the corneal stroma. Recently, we established the autoimmune regulator-knockout (Aire KO) mouse as a model of autoimmune KCS and identified an essential role for autoreactive CD4+ T cells in SQM pathogenesis. In subsequent studies, we noted the down-regulation of paired box gene 6 (Pax6) in both human patients with chronic KCS associated with Sjögren's syndrome and Aire KO mice. Pax6 encodes a pleiotropic transcription factor guiding eye morphogenesis during development. While the postnatal function of Pax6 is largely unknown, we hypothesized that its role in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis was disrupted in the inflamed eye and that loss of Pax6 played a functional role in the initiation and progression of SQM. Adoptive transfer of autoreactive T cells from Aire KO mice to immunodeficient recipients confirmed CD4+ T cells as the principal downstream effectors promoting Pax6 downregulation in Aire KO mice. CD4+ T cells required local signaling via Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R1) to provoke Pax6 loss, which prompted a switch from corneal-specific cytokeratin, CK12, to epidermal-specific CK10. The functional role of Pax6 loss in SQM pathogenesis was indicated by the reversal of SQM and restoration of ocular surface homeostasis following forced expression of Pax6 in corneal epithelial cells using adenovirus. Thus, tissue-restricted restoration of Pax6 prevented aberrant epidermal-lineage commitment suggesting adjuvant Pax6 gene therapy may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent SQM in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface.
Effects of Selenium on Morphological Changes in Candida utilis ATCC 9950 Yeast Cells (2015)

This paper presents the results of microscopic examinations of the yeast cells cultured in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) media supplemented with sodium selenite(IV). The analysis of the morphological changes in yeast cells aimed to determine whether the selected selenium doses and culturing time may affect this element accumulation in yeast cell structures in a form of inorganic or organic compounds, as a result of detoxification processes. The range of characteristic morphological changes in yeasts cultivated in experimental media with sodium selenite(IV) was observed, including cell shrinkage and cytoplasm thickening of the changes within vacuole structure. The processes of vacuole disintegration were observed in aging yeast cells in culturing medium, which may indicate the presence of so-called ghost cells lacking intracellular organelles The changes occurring in the morphology of yeasts cultured in media supplemented with sodium selenite were typical for stationary phase of yeast growth. From detailed microscopic observations, larger surface area of the cell (6.03 μm(2)) and yeast vacuole (2.17 μm(2)) were noticed after 24-h culturing in the medium with selenium of 20 mg Se(4+)/L. The coefficient of shape of the yeast cells cultured in media enriched with sodium selenite as well as in the control YPD medium ranged from 1.02 to 1.22. Elongation of cultivation time (up to 48 and 72 h) in the media supplemented with sodium selenite caused a reduction in the surface area of the yeast cell and vacuole due to detoxification processes.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Perspective: Raising the Bar for Clinical Trials by Defining Clinically Meaningful Outcomes (2014)

See accompanying editorial on page 1186 Lee M. Ellis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; David S. Bernstein and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Emile E. Voest, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Jordan D. Berlin, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Daniel Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Patricia Cortazar, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Roy S. Herbst and Rogerio C. Lilenbaum, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Camelia Sima and Mithat Gonen, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Alan P. Venook, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Neal J. Meropol, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Lowell E. Schnipper, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Basidiospore Numbers in <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (Lange) Imbach (1977)

The number of spores per basidium in the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus can be readily determined using the light microscope.
RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis (2016)

Intratumoral hypoxia stimulates enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC), which are critical for metastasis and patient mortality. Here we report a metabolic adaptation that is required for hypoxia-induced BCSC enrichment and metastasis. Hypoxia-inducible factors coordinately regulate expression of genes encoding phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and five downstream enzymes in the serine synthesis pathway and mitochondrial one-carbon (folate) cycle. RNAi-mediated silencing of PHGDH expression in both estrogen receptor-positive and negative breast cancer cells led to decreased NADPH levels, disturbed mitochondrial redox homeostasis, and increased apoptosis, which abrogated BCSC enrichment under hypoxic conditions. PHGDH-deficient cells exhibited increased oxidant levels and apoptosis, as well as loss of BCSC enrichment, in response to treatment with carboplatin or doxorubicin. PHGDH-deficient cells were relatively weakly tumorigenic and tumors that did form were deficient in BCSCs, abolishing metastatic capacity. Our findings highlight a role for PHGDH in the formation of secondary (recurrent or metastatic) tumors, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting of advanced cancers. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4430-42. ©2016 AACR.
VCSS: An Integration Framework for Open Cloud Storage Services (2014)

With the emergence of open Cloud storage services like Baidu Cloud Storage, Ali Open Storage Service and Tencent MicroCloud etc, individual applications and some enterprise storage are being increasingly deployed on Clouds. However, relying on a single Cloud storage provider results in an avoidable single point of failure and challenges high-availability and reliability aspirations. We propose a Virtual Framework for Cloud Storage Service called VCSS to integrate diverse common open Cloud Storage Services to be a uniform virtual storage resources pool. Key concepts and technologies include a service metadata model with rich NFP, a service repository serving as a virtual storage resource pool to enable resources physically distributed stored and logically centralized managed, a service schedule model serving to estimate and select an appropriate services to store and replicate the file. The preliminary demonstrative application is promising and indicates that VCSS is able to obtain expected effectiveness.
Treatment with staphylococcus toxoid in fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome—a randomised controlled trial (2002)

We have previously conducted a small treatment study on staphylococcus toxoid in fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The aim of the present study was to further assess the efficacy of the staphylococcus toxoid preparation Staphypan Berna (SB) during 6 months in FM/CFS patients. One hundred consecutively referred patients fulfilling the ACR criteria for FM and the 1994 CDC criteria for CFS were randomised to receive active drug or placebo. Treatment included weekly injections containing 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.3 ml, 0.4 ml, 0.6 ml, 0.8 ml, 0.9 ml, and 1.0 ml SB or coloured sterile water, followed by booster doses given 4-weekly until endpoint. Main outcome measures were the proportion of responders according to global ratings and the proportion of patients with a symptom reduction of > or =50% on a 15-item subscale derived from the comprehensive psychopathological rating scale (CPRS). The treatment was well tolerated. Intention-to-treat analysis showed 32/49 (65%) responders in the SB group compared to 9/49 (18%) in the placebo group (P<0.001). Sixteen patients (33%) in the SB group reduced their CPRS scores by at least 50% compared to five patients (10%) in the placebo group (P< 0.01). Mean change score on the CPRS (95% confidence interval) was 10.0 (6.7-13.3) in the SB group and 3.9 (1.1-6.6) in the placebo group (P<0.01). An increase in CPRS symptoms at withdrawal was noted in the SB group. In conclusion, treatment with staphylococcus toxoid injections over 6 months led to significant improvement in patients with FM and CFS. Maintenance treatment is required to prevent relapse.
Energy Storage System for Effective Use of Regenerative Energy in Electrified Railways (2010)

Motomi Shimada Ryoichi Oishi Daijiro Araki Yasushi Nakamura OVERVIEW: Hitachi is working on the development of energy-saving systems for rolling stock that use lithium-ion batteries to help reduce the environmental impact of railway systems. Two issues associated with regenerative braking are regenerative braking under light load conditions and limits on performance due to motor characteristics, and in response Hitachi has developed respectively an absorption of regenerative electric power function and a regenerative brake with effective speed extended function, proposed an efficient regeneration management system for determining when to operate these functions, and is currently commercializing these technologies. For the function to absorb regenerative electric power, Hitachi has developed the wayside B-CHOP system and on-board sequential regenerative brake system to provide systems that are appropriate to the line and other operating conditions where the system is to be installed. Hitachi will continue to enhance the functions of its energy-efficient systems to meet diverse customer needs.
Surface-supported group 5 metal organometallic compounds for catalytic arene hydrogenation (1993)

R. D. Profilet, A. P. Rothwell and I. P. Rothwell, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 42 DOI: 10.1039/C39930000042
Development of a high density 600K SNP genotyping array for chicken (2013)

This Affymetrix® Axiom® array is the first SNP genotyping array for chicken that has been made commercially available to the public as a product. This array is expected to find widespread usage both in research and commercial application such as in genomic selection, genome-wide association studies, selection signature analyses, fine mapping of QTLs and detection of copy number variants.
Treatment of chronic refractory angina pectoris—light at the end of the tunnel?The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the Editors of the European Heart Journal or of the European Society of Cardiology. (2006)

Despite increasing number of coronary interventions over recent years, there is still a considerable number of patients suffering from chronic refractory angina pectoris. The volume of no option patients is not exactly known, but has been suggested to be 30 per million inhabitants per year; other estimates are 2.5–5% of coronary angiography procedures.1,2 The group of no option patients includes those who have angina despite optimal medical therapy; they may not have been offered PCI or CABG because of severe diffuse coronary artery disease, or they who continue to experience severe angina after CABG, PCI, or both.

A considerable number of therapeutic strategies have been investigated to treat severe chronic angina, such as transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), left stellate ganglion blockade (LSGB), endoscopic thoracoscopic symathectomy (ETS), thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEDA), external balloon counter pulsation (EECP), stem cell therapy, and finally myocardial laser revascularization by surgical (TMR) or percutaneous (PMR) technique or spinal cord stimulation (SCS).1

These interventions have been suggested to have primary effect on pain; there is no valid evidence that any of these procedures reduces any clinical major cardiac endpoints. Only a few of these options have undergone the test of randomized studies, so the impact of a placebo effect on pain is largely not known.

When trying to orientate in the jungle of mechanical or implant options to decide on how to advice patients, it may be helpful to look at the natural course of chronic refractory angina. We know that this group of patients often are in agony with severe coronary artery disease. It is therefore natural to first look at the data on mortality with drug therapy only. The suggestion of a mortality over 1-year of up to 17%2 is often quoted, however, there is other evidence suggesting that … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +47 55972172; fax: +47 55975150. E-mail address : jan.nordrehaug{at}helse-bergen.no
Sensitization of algal virus to UV by the incorporation of 5‐bromouracil and mutations of host alga <i>Plectonema boryanum</i> (1975)

Abstract Ultraviolet light (UV) sensitivity and photoreactivation of algal virus (cyanophage) LPP‐1 were studied after multiplication in host alga Plectonema boryanum in presence of 5‐bromouracil (5‐BU) alone and in conjunction with sulfanilamide. Virus particles containing 5‐BU were more sensitive towards UV and also showed low photoreactivation. There was less incorporation of 5‐BU in virus without pretreatment of host alga with sulfanilamide, an inhibitor of thymine synthesis. 5‐BU‐induced short trichome mutants of Plectonema boryanum were isolated. These mutants grew slowly in liquid medium as well as on agar plates and differed in other morphological characters. Reversion of short trichome mutants was observed with a frequency of about 10 −3 , but revertants were different from parent alga. The short trichome mutants were sensitive to virus LPP‐1 and resistant towards UV.
Business aware Policy-based Management (2006)

In this paper, we introduce a business aware framework for the policy-based management of IT Systems and its application to utility computing environments. The framework couples two main subsystems on top of an IETF-like policy-based resource control layer. They are MBO (Management by Business Objectives) where the decision ability supported by analysis of business objectives resides, and GSLA (Generalized SLA), an advanced framework for SLA driven management that lends itself quite naturally to the derivation of IT management policies from the SLAs that the enterprise has contracted. We discuss the advantages and the limitations of the state-of-art policy-based approach to systems management, mainly the lack of business and service level context to drive policy-related decisions at system runtime. We then explain how this is remedied in our framework through the interaction mechanism between the reactive policy-based resource control layer and the more proactive business driven decision making engine.
A Novel Video Conversation System based on IPTV Network (2010)

Video conversation system based on IPTV network is very promising. In the paper a novel video communication system based on IPTV network with QoS guarantee is researched and implemented. The system architecture and service flow chart is first described. Then the design of an embedded IP set top box applicable to the video conversation system is shown and performance optimization method based on embedded system is put forward. Finally a bandwidth adaptive QoS mechanism is brought forward to guarantee user experience of video conversation in IPTV network which is filled with various video applications.