gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10.2 A digitally controlled 94.8%-peak-efficiency hybrid switched-capacitor converter for bidirectional balancing and impedance-based diagnostics of lithium-ion battery arrays (2017)

This work builds on previous 3-level, and resonant SC (ReSC) converters by integrating capabilities for quasi-resonant regulation, accurate voltage and current instrumentation, and fully-digital bidirectional control with zero-current detection. The IC also has capabilities to operate as a perturbation source for impedance-based electrochemical diagnostics through integrated digital waveform synthesis, data conversion, and signal conditioning. A technique, termed merged-multiphase interleaving, is used to affect the benefits of 2-phase interleaving with only a single inductor, significantly reducing the volume or area needed for passive components.
Intelligent speed adaptation in company vehicles (2008)

This paper describes an intelligent speed adaptation project for company vehicles. The intelligent speed adaptation function in the project is both information and incentive, which means that the intelligent speed adaptation equipment gives a warning as well as penalty points if the driver is speeding. Each month the driver with that monthpsilas fewest points wins an award. The paper presents results concerning speed attitude on the first three of a planned 12 months test period. In all 26 vehicles and 51 drivers from six companies participate in the project. The key result is that speeding is reduced from 18.7% to 7.4% on urban roads with a speed limit of 50 km/h while it is reduced from 18.9% to 4.7% on rural roads with a speed limit of 80 km/h.
NRC and FDA Regulations Affecting Nuclear Pharmacy Practice (1989)

Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive drugs that are used in nuclear medicine practice for diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear pharmacy practice is a patient-oriented pharmaceutical service that promotes the safe and efficacious use of radiopharmaceuticals and other drugs used in nuclear medicine, and is regulated jointly by a variety of federal, state, and local agencies. Given that the medical use of radiopharmaceuticals is highly regulated at multiple levels of government, it is not surprising that nuclear pharmacy practice is conducted in a complex regulatory environment. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of this regulatory environment, primarily in terms of two important regulatory agencies involved (Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Food and Drug Administration), their primary authority and activities, and the regulations that must be satisfied in order to assure the safe and efficacious use of radiopharmaceuticals.
In vitro stabilization of a low-tin bone-imaging agent (99mTc-Sn-HEDP) by ascorbic acid. (1976)

The presence of oxidants in the 99mTc-pertechnetate and of oxygen in diagnostic kits containing low concentrations of Sn(II) has a detrimental effect upon in vitro and in vivo stability. Maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere or increasing the Sn(II) concentration inhibits the formation of 99mTcO4-. However, the latter remedy is likely to cause uptake in the reticuloendothelial system and has been associated with false positive or negative brain scans. We used ascorbic acid (an antioxidant) to ensure the in vitro stability with the low-Sn(II) bone agent disodium etidronate. In vitro stability studies by instant thin-layer chromatography, using high-acitivity generators and "instant pertechnetate," yielded less than 2% free pertechnetate at 24 hr after preparation. Distribution studies in guinea pigs show neither altered distribution of the bone agent nor abnormal distribution of ascorbic acid, suggesting its sole function as a noncomplexing stabilizer.
Clinical Experience with a Porcine Hepatocyte-Based Liver Support System (1996)

our clinical experience with the BAL suggests that it may serve as "bridge" to OLT in patients with FHF primarily by reversing intracranial hypertension, but it is not a substitute for OLT in patients with end-stage liver disease who are non-transplant candidates.
Measurement of cross-linked elastin synthesis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis using a highly sensitive assay for desmosine and isodesmosine. (1984)

Cross-linked elastin synthesis was measured in the intratracheal bleomycin model of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by incorporation of 14C-lysine into the elastin-specific crosslinks, desmosine and isodesmosine. Detection of the labeled crosslinks was facilitated by development of a highly sensitive assay utilizing thin-layer electrophoresis. The results indicate that crosslinked elastin synthesis is significantly elevated from controls (p less than 0.05) at 1 to 3 weeks after exposure to bleomycin and returns to normal by 5 weeks. The increases in labeled elastin synthesis are not directly related to changes in either total lung protein synthesis or the pool size of the 14C-lysine. In comparison with collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in this model of lung injury, maximal increases in cross-linked elastin formation occur later, but overlap with the elevated synthesis of these other connective tissue components. The marked increase from normal in cross-linked elastin synthesis in this model suggests that this tissue component is an important part of the fibrotic response of the pulmonary parenchyma and may play a role in the observed alterations in lung structure and function.
Kallawaya, guérisseurs itinérants des Andes (1984)

Les guérisseurs itinérants kallawaya sont originaires des vallées de Charazani dans les Andes orientales, à mi-chemin du lac Titicaca et de l'Amazonie, sur le territoire d'une ancienne chefferie pré inca. Durant l'époque coloniale et jusqu'à nos jours, ils diffusèrent dans les Andes d'abord, de Quito au Chili, dans tout le continent ensuite, de Panama à Buenos Aires, leur savoir médical né de la rencontre de plusieurs traditions (Pukina, Arawak, Aymara, Quechua) et transmis par initiation. Grâce à une patiente et obstinée enquête menée durant quinze années dans l'amitié de ses informateurs, Louis Girault a pu réunir une collection de plantes médicinales, d'éléments organiques et minéraux, ainsi que des amullettes, utilisés dans les pratiques thérapeutiques et magiques des Kallawaya. Cet inventaire quasi exhaustif de mille éléments, rapportés au vu des classifications locales et confrontés aux anciennes chroniques d'histoire naturelle, permet d'étudier tant les taxonomies indigènes et la pharmacopée traditionnelle que les différents codes, sémantiques et symboliques, employés par ces guérisseurs. Cet ouvrage constitue un instrument de travail irremplaçable pour les hommes de science et de terrain. Botanistes, médecins, ethnologues, archéologues, historiens, ont besoin de tels inventaires systématiques afin d'avancer dans le déchiffrement des cultures américaines, notamment celles qui se trouvent au carrefour des Andes et de l'Amazonie.
A Cross-Coupled Master–Slave Interleaving Method for Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) PFC Converters (2012)

This paper proposes a cross-coupled master-slave interleaving control method for boundary conduction mode (BCM) power factor correction (PFC) converters. The natural period of every switching cycle of each channel is measured and compared to adaptively determine the master and slave converters, where a converter with a longer natural period becomes master operating in BCM, while a converter with a shorter natural period becomes slave operating in discontinuous conduction mode. The proposed method compensates disturbances within one switching cycle, guaranteeing stable 180° out-of-phase interleaving operation against any transient and disturbance. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on a 400 W interleaved BCM boost PFC prototype converter with a dedicated control IC.
PC12 phaeochromocytoma cells contain an atypical muscarinic receptor binding site (1989)

1. Kinetic, saturation and competition binding studies were conducted on the muscarinic receptor binding site labelled by [3H]-N-methylscopolamine [( 3H]-NMS) in intact PC12 cells and cell membranes. Similar studies were conducted on M1 receptors of rat cortex labelled with [3H]-pirenzepine and M2 and M3 receptors present in rat heart and submaxillary gland respectively, and labelled with [3H]-NMS. 2. The dissociation of [3H]-NMS from muscarinic receptors in PC12 cells was slower than dissociation from both M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors. 3. The Kd of [3H]-NMS in the PC12 cells was significantly lower than that obtained at the M2 and M3 receptor. 4. In competition studies the affinity data for pirenzepine, hexahydroadiphenine and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide were consistent with the presence of an M3 receptor in the PC12 cells. However, for AF-DX 116, cyclohexylphenyl(2-piperidinoethyl)silanol and methoctramine affinity estimates in PC12 cells were 3-6 fold lower than at the M3 receptor. 5. On the basis of these data we conclude that the muscarinic receptor present in the PC12 cells differs from the M1, M2 and M3 subtypes already described.
Simulation of Gradient-Coil-Induced Eddy Currents and Their Effects on a Head-Only HTS MRI Magnet (2011)

In this paper, we simulate the effects of eddy currents induced by switched gradient coils in the cylindrical cryostat structures of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic resonance imaging magnet. A novel network method was used with spectral decomposition of the current density in the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\phi$ </tex></formula> - and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$z$</tex></formula> -directions to simulate the effects of X-gradient coils. Two types of active magnetic shielding were simulated, and it was found that one type is able to reduce the power of the eddy currents in the cryostat to a greater extent than the other. These results will inform the design of gradient coils that protect the HTS magnet from eddy-current-induced heating and vibrations.
Alternate drug delivery routes for A-71623, a potent cholecystokinin-a receptor agonist tetrapeptide (1996)

A-71623 (BOC-Trp-Lys(epsilon-N-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)- Asp-(N-methyl)-Phe-NH2) is a tetrapeptide which has high affinity and selectivity for cholecystokinin receptors; it is a potent appetite suppresser in animal studies. Because of its low (< 1%) oral bioavailability, studies were performed to assess the feasibility of delivery of A-71623 by pulmonary, sublingual, and transdermal routes of administration. The pKa was determined to be 4.2 by spectrophotometric titration; aqueous solubility is increased by increasing pH and by increasing ethanol content. The solubility of A-71623 in ethanol/propellant mixtures was investigated; solubility ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 mg/mL in mixtures of ethanol, propellant 11 (trichlorofluoromethane), and propellant 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). The log apparent octanol/water partition coefficient was 2.8 at pH 5 and 1.0 at pH 8. Maximum stability at 70 degrees C was seen in the range of pH values of 5.5-7.5; hydrolysis of the N-terminal BOC group appears to be the primary route of degradation. Increasing ethanol content increases the stability; Arrhenius analysis indicated a t90 of 150 days under ambient conditions in 25% ethanol. Intratracheal delivery of 3 mumol/kg A-71623 in 50% ethanol to rats showed rapid and efficient absorption of drug from the lungs, with a Cmax of 2.7 microM and an AUC of 85 microM*min. Similar studies in dogs showed bioavailabilities of 59% and 46% for 2 and 3 mumol/kg intratracheal doses, respectively, relative to intravenous administration. Sublingual administration of 1 mumol/kg A-71623 in a vehicle of 80% ethanol/2% Klucel/2.5% peppermint oil gave high prolonged plasma levels of A-71623, with a Cmax of 0.37 microM, indicating high bioavailability and favorable partitioning and distribution effects from the sublingual cavity for this formulation. Transdermal delivery was examined by in vitro diffusion through human skin; the permeability coefficient of A-71623 in 40% ethanol was 2.6 x 10(-5) cm/hr, suggesting that transdermal delivery of up to 2 mg/day may be feasible. In conclusion, the results provide preliminary indications that delivery of efficacious doses of A-71623, and perhaps other CCK analogs, by alternate routes of delivery is probably feasible.
Improving weathering resistance of flame‐retarded polymers (2013)

Abstract Most flame‐retarded polymer products need to be highly durable throughout their service lifetime in many demanding applications areas such as construction, transportation, electric equipment, and textiles, where low flammability in combination with high resistance toward oxidative deterioration triggered by the action of light, heat, and/or mechanical stress is a mandatory quality. To achieve this, it is essential to better understand the overall interplay (both physical and chemical processes) between different components such as different flame retardant structures in their respective polymers and in the presence of coadditives such as processing stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, metal deactivators, filler deactivators, ultraviolet absorbers, and so on, in the flame‐retarded polymer product. In this article, the key difficulties in improving weathering resistance of flame‐retarded polymers are reviewed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Selectively N‐Methylated Soluble IAPP Mimics as Potent IAPP Receptor Agonists and Nanomolar Inhibitors of Cytotoxic Self‐Assembly of Both IAPP and Aβ40 (2013)

The selective incorporation of N-methyl groups in the highly amyloidogenic and cytotoxic sequence of the type 2 diabetes islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) generates a unique class of soluble and nontoxic IAPP mimics. These polypeptides combine potent IAPP receptor agonism with nanomolar-affinity inhibitory potential on the amyloid formation and cell-damaging effects of both IAPP and the Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide (Aβ40).
Cellular Resistance in Rice to Cercosporin, a Toxin of<i>Cercospora</i> (1992)

Four rice cultivars differing in resistance to Cercospora oryzae were examined for resistance to purified cercosporin, the red toxin secreted by the fungal mycelium. The cultivars were red rice (most resistant to pathovars of C. oryzae), Lemont and Leah (intermediate resistance), and Labelle (most susceptible). Resistance to the toxin was assessed in seedlings (inhibition of growth), leaves (chlorosis and necrosis), callus (inhibition of growth and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate), and cell suspensions (ion leakage). Toxicity of cercosporin depended on illumination (...)
A Facile and Versatile Synthesis of 2-Substituted Tryptophans as<i>N</i> <sup>α</sup>-<i>tert</i>- Butyloxycarbonyl Derivatives (1988)

Diels-Alder type cycloaddition between 2-substituted indoles and ethyl α-nitrosoacrylate followed by reduction affords 2-substituted tryptophan esters. N-Protection followed by saponification furnishes the corresponding N α-protected 2-substituted tryptophans suitable for peptide synthesis. The preparation of a number of 2-substituted indoles by modified Madelung synthesis is also described.
Trends in prescription of acne medication in the US: Shift from antibiotic to non‐antibiotic treatment (2005)

There has been a shift towards non-antibiotic treatment in acne management. Growing awareness of antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium species may contribute to increased use of topical and systemic retinoid agents.
Consensus seeking in multiagent systems under dynamically changing interaction topologies (2005)

This note considers the problem of information consensus among multiple agents in the presence of limited and unreliable information exchange with dynamically changing interaction topologies. Both discrete and continuous update schemes are proposed for information consensus. This note shows that information consensus under dynamically changing interaction topologies can be achieved asymptotically if the union of the directed interaction graphs have a spanning tree frequently enough as the system evolves.
Image blurring due to light‐sharing in PET block detectors (2006)

The spatial resolution in PET is poorer than that of CT or MRI. All modern PET scanners use block detectors, i.e., clusters of scintillation crystals coupled to four photomultiplier tubes. Some of the loss of spatial resolution in PET is attributed to the use of block detectors, because a photon that interacts with one crystal in the cluster may be incorrectly positioned, resulting in blurring of the reconstructed image. This is called the "block effect." The block effect was measured for detectors from the CTI HR+ scanner, and the GE Advance scanner; two popular clinical PET scanners. The effect of changing the depth of first interaction of a gamma ray in the scintillation crystals was also studied to determine if it may be a contributor to the block effect. The block effect was found to be 1.2 +/- 0.5 mm for the central crystals and negligible for the edge crystals in the CTI HR+ block. It was 0.9 +/- 0.3 mm in the central crystals of the GE Advance detector, and 0.7 +/- 0.3 mm in the edge crystals of the GE Advance detector. In the CTI HR+ detector, a depth dependence on the positioning of the event was observed, as was a dependence on the crystal location (edge versus center). In the GE Advance detector events that occurred at different interaction depths were positioned consistently. The percentage of events that may be positioned inaccurately was also calculated for both detectors. In the CTI HR+ detector as many as 16% of all events in the block detector may be positioned incorrectly. In the GE Advance detector as many as 13% of all events in the block detector may be positioned inaccurately. These results suggest that the depth of interaction of an annihilation photon may contribute to the block effect in detectors that use crystals cut from a single scintillation crystal (pseudodiscrete crystals), and is less dominant a factor for detectors that use discrete crystals with light sharing between the crystals. Investigating the effect of changing photon interaction depth in PET detectors can lead to better detector design, and an intuitive explanation of what sources of blurring may exist in the detector examined.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> protein A binding to von Willebrand factor A1 domain is mediated by conserved IgG binding regions (2006)

Protein A (Spa) is a surface-associated protein of Staphylococcus aureus best known for its ability to bind to the Fc region of IgG. Spa also binds strongly to the Fab region of the immunoglobulins bearing V(H)3 heavy chains and to von Willebrand factor (vWF). Previous studies have suggested that the protein A-vWF interaction is important in S. aureus adherence to platelets under conditions of shear stress. We demonstrate that Spa expression is sufficient for adherence of bacteria to immobilized vWF under low fluid shear. The full length recombinant Ig-binding region of protein A, Spa-EDABC, fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST), bound recombinant vWF in a dose-dependent and saturable fashion with half maximal binding of about 30 nm in immunosorbent assays. Full length-Spa did not bind recombinant vWF A3 domain but displayed binding to recombinant vWF domains A1 and D'-D3 (half maximal binding at 100 nm and 250 nm, respectively). Each recombinant protein A Ig-binding domain bound to the A1 domain in a similar manner to the full length-Spa molecule (half maximal binding 100 nm). Amino acid substitutions were introduced in the GST-SpaD protein at sites known to be involved in IgG Fc or in V(H)3 Fab binding. Mutants altered in residues that recognized IgG Fc but not those that recognized V(H)3 Fab had reduced binding to vWF A1 and D'-D3. This indicated that both vWF regions recognized a region on helices I and II that overlapped the IgG Fc binding site.
Application of Pulsed Voltage to d.c. Glow Discharge Plasma for Controlling the Sputtering Rate in Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (2004)

The application of a pulsed voltage to a Grimm-style glow discharge lamp was investigated to control the sputtering rate in d.c. glow discharge optical emission spectrometry. This purpose is to reduce the sampling depth so that thin film-like samples can be measured with a better spatial resolution and a better analytical precision. While the sputtering rate decreases by using a pulsed voltage due to the reduction in the effective discharge power, the emission signals from the glow discharge plasma are modulated by a cyclic variation of the discharge voltage so that only the desired signals can be detected without any noises with a lock-in amplifier. Whereas the sputtering rate could be more than 50% reduced when the duty ratio of the pulsed voltage was down to 20% compared to the rate in the corresponding continuous discharge, the emission intensities could be estimated with much better signal-to-noise ratios.
The pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (2006)

Summary Immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disease that is rarely fatal. However, in many adults treatment is unsatisfactory, with as much morbidity from the immunosuppressive effects of treatment as from bleeding. Identifying the underlying disease process should help us to identify more targeted therapies and improve not only the treatment but also the quality of life of patients with this disorder.
<title>Intermediate image interpolation using polyphase weighted median filters</title> (2001)

A new algorithm for the interpolation of temporal intermediate images using polyphase weighted median filters is proposed in this paper. To achieve a good interpolation quality not only in still but also in moving areas of the image, vector based interpolation techniques have to be used. However, motion estimation on natural image scenes always suffers from errors in the estimated motion vector field. Therefore it is of great importance that the interpolation algorithm possesses a sufficient robustness against vector errors. Depending on the input and output frame repetition rate, different cyclically repeated interpolation phases can be distinguished. The new interpolation algorithm uses dedicated weighted median filters for each interpolation phase (polyphase weighted median filters) which are (due to their shift property) able to achieve a correct positioning of moving edges in the interpolated image, even if the estimated vector differs from the true motion vector up to a certain degree. A new design method for these dedicated error tolerant weighted median filters is presented in the paper. Other aspects like e.g. the preservation of fine image details can also be regarded in the design process. The results of the new algorithm are compared to other existing interpolation algorithms.
Fluorine‐18 labeling of 6,7‐disubstituted anilinoquinazoline derivatives for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tyrosine kinase receptors: synthesis of <sup>18</sup>F‐Iressa and related molecular probes (2005)

Abstract Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase enzymatic activity represent a promising new class of antineoplastic agents. Although clinical studies performed over the last decade give more insight on the potential therapeutic applications of such drugs, identification of the individual patients who might benefit from them remains a major challenge. We have developed a synthetic strategy for the production of a wide variety of radiolabeled 6,7‐disubstituted 4‐anilinoquinazolines suitable for noninvasive imaging of tyrosine kinase receptors to predict therapy effectiveness. Three new F‐18 labeled radiopharmaceuticals based on the therapeutic agents Tarceva, Iressa, and ZD6474 were synthesized. Decay‐corrected yields varied between 25 and 40% for a total synthesis time of 120 min, thus providing F‐18 labeled tyrosine kinase inhibitors in quantities and times practical for use as PET radiopharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.