gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving LWD Image and Formation Evaluation by Utilizing Dynamically Corrected Drilling-Derived LWD Depth and Continuous Inclination and Azimuth Measurements (2007)

Abstract The paper illustrates the improvements in logging while drilling (LWD) images and subsequent formation evaluation by utilizing a new methodology for depth and survey measurements correction. LWD depth measurements are often considered inaccurate and therefore not as reliable for well-to-well correlations, correlations to offset data acquired with wireline measurements and formation layer thickness determinations. The reasons for these inaccuracies generally originate from the traditional practice that LWD depth is purposely made equal to the driller's depth, which is a static pipe length measurement made by tape at surface. There is almost always a difference between the actual measured depth (MD) of the LWD sensor downhole and this static pipe measurement because downhole, the drillpipe is subject to an environment that is not representative of the derrick, such as, varying drilling mechanical conditions and temperature changes. We demonstrate the applications of the method, which allows dynamic driller's depth correction for the effects of drillstring weight, downhole friction, weight on bit, thermal expansion, residual rig heave, and tide. Another significant inaccuracy source is a standard practice of calculating borehole position from stationary survey points typically taken every 90 ft using minimum curvature method. Neglecting complex borehole shape between survey stations leads to a systematic error in determining the borehole position. We consider using continuous inclination and azimuth measurements along with stationary surveys to correct these errors. We provide comparisons of LWD images before and after the depth and survey corrections to illustrate how the measurement errors affect formation dips interpreted from the images. We demonstrate how improved accuracy allows filtering out the artifacts together with more decisive and accurate identification of geologic features. We show how using the corrected 3D position allows to improve accuracy of formation thicknesses calculations and therefore to improve reservoir summation results. As a result we propose a borehole 3D position measurement that is accurate, consistent between wells regardless of rig type or bottomhole assembly (BHA) configuration, and independent of drilling mode. Using this new measurement significantly improves the quality of formation evaluation.
The Electroretinogram in Infants and Young Children (1992)

Electroretinography (ERG), especially when combined with visual evoked potential recording, can provide valuable information to the pediatric clinician assessing a young child with nystagmus who appears not to see. ERG changes are described in clinical conditions affecting rod and/or cone function, vitreoretinal disease, maculopathies, and disorders involving the retina and central nervous system. The role of ERG in monitoring treatment, and in excluding retinal disease prior to eye surgery, is also covered.
The impact of different HRT regimens on compliance. (1996)

Epidemiological data strongly suggest a substantial improvement of quality of life for post-menopausal women using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Nevertheless, reluctance of women to choose HRT is high. Various attempts to develop regimens with substantially better acceptance are being investigated. Sequential and continuous combined regimens, oral and transdermal routes of administration are available; however, no regimen nor any mode of administration has proven superior with regard to patients' compliance. Research on the specific problems of compliance in HRT has not yet offered solutions to the medical community about optimal conditions concerning long-term hormonal therapy. Unless metabolic profiles of the various modes of treatment are defined in long-term trials, general recommendations are difficult to justify. As long as the occurrence of uterine bleeding is associated with any concept of HRT in non-hysterectomized women, adherence has been reported to be very low. Persisting endometrial atrophy has not been achieved by any type of HRT. New regimens not stimulating endometrial growth are essential, since women in most cultures do not accept uterine bleeding after cessation of ovarian function. Educational programs should be developed to inform women about the physiology of menopause in general and the rationale of HRT. The occurrence of uterine bleeding due to the present types of HRT needs to be specifically addressed. Risk-benefit assessments are to be explained to patients to reach an informed decision on HRT, and fears of women about actual or alleged negative metabolic impacts of HRT need to be discussed.
Evaluation of the effect of JZP-110 in patients with narcolepsy assessed using the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test censored to 20 minutes (2017)

In patients with narcolepsy, JZP-110 significantly improved the ability to stay awake compared with placebo, with large effect sizes using both the 40-min and 20-min censored MWT data.
Emerging real-time services: optimizing traffic by smart cooperation in the network (2013)

The rise of new real-time interactive services, in which consumers demand high subjective quality, makes it necessary to define new network mechanisms that can dynamically adapt to traffic variations. Cooperation between the different actors is required in order to adapt the traditional network infrastructure to these new traffic patterns while guaranteeing delay requirements. Thus, standardization is needed in order to make cooperation possible. A method for tunneling compressed multiplexed traffic flows (TCMTF) is proposed as an update to TCRTP, the current practice defined by the IETF for optimizing RTP flows. Some scenarios have been identified in which traffic optimization can be deployed, while granting resource usage fairness and good user experience. This proposal could be used in different application environments, such as operators' networks, Internet service providers, long distance transports, and game providers.
Precise genomic deletions using paired prime editing (2021)

Abstract Technologies that precisely delete genomic sequences in a programmed fashion can be used to study function as well as potentially for gene therapy. The leading contemporary method for programmed deletion uses CRISPR/Cas9 and pairs of guide RNAs (gRNAs) to generate two nearby double-strand breaks, which is often followed by deletion of the intervening sequence during DNA repair. However, this approach can be inefficient and imprecise, with errors including small indels at the two target sites as well as unintended large deletions and more complex rearrangements. Here we describe a prime editing-based method that we term PRIME-Del , which induces a deletion using a pair of prime editing gRNAs (pegRNAs) that target opposite DNA strands, effectively programming not only the sites that are nicked but also the outcome of the repair. We demonstrate that PRIME-Del achieves markedly higher precision in programming deletions than CRISPR/Cas9 and gRNA pairs. We also show that PRIME-Del can be used to couple genomic deletions with short insertions, enabling deletions whose junctions do not fall at protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sites. Finally, we demonstrate that lengthening the time window of expression of prime editing components can substantially enhance efficiency without compromising precision. We anticipate that PRIME-Del will be broadly useful in enabling precise, flexible programming of genomic deletions, including in-frame deletions, as well as for epitope tagging and potentially for programming rearrangements.
Recombinant <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Expressing the Chimeric Protein of Antigen 85B and ESAT-6 Enhances the Th1 Cell-Mediated Response (2009)

The chimeric protein that relies on the T-cell epitopes of antigen 85B (Ag85B) and the 6-kDa early secreted antigen target (ESAT-6) has been demonstrated to augment the Th1 immune response. In this study, we developed a recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG (rBCG) strain that secretes the chimeric protein of Ag85B and ESAT-6 (rBCG-A(N)-E-A(C)). Immunization with this rBCG strain induced stronger antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) activities, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and higher levels of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses than those in the control groups immunized with either rBCG expressing the Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein (rBCG-A-E) or BCG. Likewise, rBCG-A(N)-E-A(C) significantly increased the level of production of the major Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in splenocyte cultures to levels comparable to those elicited by control BCG. Moreover, the antigen-specific immunoglobulin 2c (IgG2c)/IgG1 ratio for mice immunized with rBCG-A(N)-E-A(C) was also much higher than the ratios for the other immunized groups. Together, these results indicate that this rBCG-A(N)-E-A(C) strain enhances the Th1 cell-mediated response and may serve as a potential vaccine against M. tuberculosis.
Communicating deviance: The effects of television news coverage of social protest (1995)

Past research raises concern that media coverage may unfairly bias the audience against social protesters by portraying them as deviant. Furthermore, negative treatment of protest groups may discourage protest as a form of democratic participation. To examine whether such concerns are indeed warranted, an experiment was conducted exposing 266 subjects to one of two television news stories about the same protest. Results indicate that subtle differences in the news stories led to significant differences in subjects’ perceptions of the protesters and police, but no differences in perceptions of the utility of social protest in general.
The suppression of Epstein-Barr virus infection <i>in vitro</i> occurs after infection but before transformation of the cell. (1980)

It has been demonstrated that T cells from humans can suppress the transformation of EBV-infected B cells in vitro. In this paper, studies are presented on the mechanism of the suppression. The T cells do not act against the virus itself nor the infection process. They appear to suppress the outgrowth of B cells after they are infected but before they are transformed. The T cells are much less effective in suppressing the outgrowth of the B cells once the latter have transformed (24th post-infection). The significance of these observations to EBV infection and other forms of T cell-mediated anti-EBV immunity is discussed.
Immunoblotting and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Analysis of Serological Responses in Patients Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 (1985)

Serological responses to soluble membrane and cytoplasmic antigens specified by herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1) and 2 (HSV2) were studied by immunoblotting and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the immunoblotting test, polypeptides migrating like the HSV1-specified glycoprotein C showed type-specific reactivity but could not always be detected. The immunoblotting and ELISA results were in agreement when antibody responses to HSV1- and HSV2-specified antigens were compared, and they allowed the identification of patients with HSV2 and/or HSV1 antibodies.
Biochemical Studies of Human Placental Microvillous Plasma Membrane Proteins (1985)

Isolated human syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes (StMPM) have been examined by electron microscopy, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional PAGE (2D-PAGE), and immunoblots. Electron microscopy of StMPM pellets revealed populations of membrane-bounded vesicles that disrupted after treatment with the chaotrope 3M KCl for 16 hr; with increasing molarity of another chaotrope (NH4SCN), the vesicles became smaller and more homogeneous. NH4SCN treatment resulted in significant reduction on SDS and 2D-PAGE analysis of only one protein at 80kd, shown by immunoblotting to be transferrin; 3M KCl had little effect and appeared to be a poor chaotrope. Chromogenic silver staining of SDS-PAGE gels demonstrated over 50 StMPM-associated discrete protein components. Immunoblotting revealed transferrin (80kd), albumin (65kd), IgG heavy chain (56kd), and Gc protein (56kd). Alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) was identified at 180kd and 95kd; the smaller component may be a proteolytic derivative indicating alpha 2M binding to a trophoblast surface protease. Numerous discrete protein dots, and groups of dots characteristic of charge heterogeneity of individual proteins, were observed on high resolution 2D-PAGE. The most intensely stained proteins were transferrin (80kd), albumin (65kd), placental-type alkaline phosphatase (66kd), and actin (46kd). This 2D-PAGE technique is a superior method for analyzing the trophoblast membrane proteins, and the system described will enable systematic mapping of these components.
PowerTune: advanced frequency and power scaling on 64b PowerPC microprocessor (2004)

PowerTune is a power-management technique for a multi-gigahertz superscalar 64b PowerPC/sup /spl reg// processor in a 90nm technology. This paper discusses the challenges and implementation of a dynamically controlled clock frequency with noise suppression as well as a synchronization circuit for a multi-processor system.
Detection of Drug-Drug Interactions by Modeling Interaction Profile Fingerprints (2013)

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) constitute an important problem in postmarketing pharmacovigilance and in the development of new drugs. The effectiveness or toxicity of a medication could be affected by the co-administration of other drugs that share pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic pathways. For this reason, a great effort is being made to develop new methodologies to detect and assess DDIs. In this article, we present a novel method based on drug interaction profile fingerprints (IPFs) with successful application to DDI detection. IPFs were generated based on the DrugBank database, which provided 9,454 well-established DDIs as a primary source of interaction data. The model uses IPFs to measure the similarity of pairs of drugs and generates new putative DDIs from the non-intersecting interactions of a pair. We described as part of our analysis the pharmacological and biological effects associated with the putative interactions; for example, the interaction between haloperidol and dicyclomine can cause increased risk of psychosis and tardive dyskinesia. First, we evaluated the method through hold-out validation and then by using four independent test sets that did not overlap with DrugBank. Precision for the test sets ranged from 0.4-0.5 with more than two fold enrichment factor enhancement. In conclusion, we demonstrated the usefulness of the method in pharmacovigilance as a DDI predictor, and created a dataset of potential DDIs, highlighting the etiology or pharmacological effect of the DDI, and providing an exploratory tool to facilitate decision support in DDI detection and patient safety.
Computerized Cuff Pressure Algometry as Guidance for Circumferential Tissue Compression for Wearable Soft Robotic Applications: A Systematic Review (2017)

In this article, we review the literature on quantitative sensory testing of deep somatic pain by means of computerized cuff pressure algometry (CPA) in search of pressure-related safety guidelines for wearable soft exoskeleton and robotics design. Most pressure-related safety thresholds to date are based on interface pressures and skin perfusion, although clinical research suggests the deep somatic tissues to be the most sensitive to excessive loading. With CPA, pain is induced in deeper layers of soft tissue at the limbs. The results indicate that circumferential compression leads to discomfort at ∼16-34 kPa, becomes painful at ∼20-27 kPa, and can become unbearable even below 40 kPa.
The Volume of Blood for Epidural Blood Patch in Obstetrics (2011)

Although the optimum volume of blood remains to be determined, we believe these findings support an attempt to administer 20 mL of autologous blood when treating postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients after unintentional dural puncture.
A Protection Processor for MPEG-21 Players (2006)

The design and implementation of MPEG-21 players and authoring tools presents several critical points to be solved. One of the most relevant is the security level and protection processing in the players. This paper presents a solution for the realization of components in charge of enforcing Digital Rights Management in AXMEDIS tools for MPEG-21 digital content. The proposed architecture provides functionalities to create both trusted environment on the client side and dynamic protection and unprotection of digital content including digital resources and their organization and metadata. The same solution can be used to achieve the desired security level in any other MPEG-21 player or authoring tool. The architecture presented hereinafter has been adopted to enforce protection on authoring and player tools developed for the AXMEDIS IST FP6 R&D European Commission project
Formalisation of product requirements: from natural language descriptions to formal specifications (2007)

In engineering design, customers usually provide product requirements in the form of a natural language while computer-aided design systems may prefer more formal and structured specifications. In this paper, a formalisation process is proposed to transform product requirements from its natural language descriptions to a formal specification. The formal specification is based on the product environment and the formulation of design problem, which identifies the components included in a design problem in terms of the product environment. Through the lexical, syntactic, and structure analysis of natural language descriptions of a design problem, the formalisation process identifies the product to be designed, its environment components, and their relations. A software prototype is developed to validate the formalisation process. An example of rivet setting tool design shows that both the formalisation process and software prototype are feasible.
Functional MRI Study of the Cognitive Generation of Affect (1999)

Contrasts of both 1) negative and reference picture-caption pairs and 2) positive and negative picture-caption pairs activated networks involving similar areas in the medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area 9) and right anterior cingu-late gyrus (areas 24 and 32). The area 9 sites activated are strikingly similar to sites activated in related positron emission tomography experiments. Activation of these same sites by a range of evoked affects, elicited by different methods, is consistent with areas within the medial prefrontal cortex mediating the processing of affect-related meanings, a process common to many forms of emotion production.
<title>Novel microfabricated device to measure hormone/neurotransmitter release with millisecond temporal resolution</title> (2002)

We are developing a novel readout for secretion of hormones and neurotransmitter on micro/nanofabricated chips. Traditional biochemical assays of signaling molecules secreted from cells are slow, cumbersome and have at best, a temporal resolution of several seconds. On the other hand, electrochemical measurement of hormone or transmitter secretion can obtain millisecond temporal resolution if the diffusion distance between the release site on the cell and the working electrode is within 1 micron. Carbon fiber microelectrodes can have millisecond time resolution, but can only measure release form a small fraction of the cell surface. We have fabricated arrays of Au electrodes in wells micromachined on the surface of silicon microchips. Each well/microelectrode roughly conforms to the shape of a single cell in order to capture release forma large fraction of the surface area of each cell with minimal diffusional delays. This paper will present details of the microfabrication process flow as well a initial results demonstrating millisecond-resolution measurement of catecholamine secretion form adrenal chromaffin cells. Our goal for this project is to develop enabling technology for massively parallel systems on a chip such as cell-based biosensors to detect neurotoxins and high-throughput assays of drugs that affect neurotransmitter release.
The blood supply of the calcaneal tendon (1989)

The microvascular anatomy of the calcaneal tendon was investigated in cadaver tendons by injection of barium sulphate and indian ink and a quantitative study of intratendinous blood supply was made, using a computer-assisted image analysis system. There was a reduction in both the number and the mean relative area of vessels in the mid-section of the tendon. This area of reduced vascularity may be of significance in the pathogenesis of rupture.
Principal-component localization of the sources of the background EEG (1995)

A method, based on principal components for localizing the sources of the background EEG, is presented which overcomes the previous limitations of this approach. The spatiotemporal source model of the EEG is assumed to apply, and the method involves attempting to fit the spatial aspects of this general model with an optimal rotation of a subset of the principal components of a particular EEG. The method is shown to be equivalent to the subspace scanning method, a special case of the MUSIC algorithm, which enables multiple sources to be localized individually rather than all at once. The novel aspect of the new method is that it offers a way of selecting the relevant principal components for the localization problem. The relevant principal components are chosen by decomposing the EEG using spatial patterns common with a control EEG. These spatial patterns have the property that they account for maximally different proportions of the combined variances in the two EEG's. An example is given using a particular EEG from a neurologic patient. Components containing spike and sharp wave potentials are extracted, with respect to a standard EEG derived from 15 normal volunteers. Spike and sharp wave potentials are identified visually using the common spatial patterns decomposition and an EEG reconstructed from these components. Four dipole sources are fitted to the principal components of the reconstructed EEG and these source account for over 88% of the temporal variance present in that EEG.
Comparison of rehabilitative knee braces (1989)

A biomechanical comparison of eight popular commercially available rehabilitative knee braces was undertaken using a specially designed mechanical surrogate and computerized data acquisition system. Tests conducted included passive extension, valgus rotation, and anterior-posterior tibial translation. Most of the braces tested significantly reduced both translations and rotations compared to the unbraced limb under static test conditions. Braced versus braced performance varied and was found to depend upon a number of mechanical and design factors.
Formal specification of information flow security policies and their enforcement in security critical systems (2002)

We propose the view that formal specification of a security critical system can be realized by placing suitable restrictions on the otherwise unrestricted functional behavior of its entities. We propose a framework based on traces for developing the specification of such a system. We come up with the characterization of a specification that maximizes functionality of the system with respect to the security policy that it is required to satisfy. The utility of the concepts developed in this paper are illustrated by considering the implementation of MLS policy expressed as restrictions on the information flow relations using the access control mechanisms provided by the take-grant model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>