gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring and Exploiting Polar−π Interactions with Fluorinated Aromatic Amino Acids (2012)

Fluorination has become an increasingly attractive strategy in protein engineering for both basic research and biomedical applications. Thus researchers would like to understand the consequences of fluorination to the structure, stability, and function of target proteins. Although a substantial amount of work has focused on understanding the properties of fluorinated aliphatic amino acids, much less is known about fluorinated aromatic residues. In addition, polar-π interactions, often referred to as aromatic interactions, may play a significant role in protein folding and protein-protein interactions. Fluorination of aromatic residues presents an ideal strategy for probing polar-π interactions in proteins. This Account summarizes the recent studies of the incorporation of fluorinated aromatic amino acids into proteins. Herein we discuss the effects of fluorinating aromatic residues and rationalize them in the context of polar-π interactions. The results strongly support the proposal that polar-π interactions are energetically significant to protein folding and function. For example, an edge-face interaction of a pair of phenylalanines contributes as much as -1 kcal/mol to protein stability, while cation-π interactions can be much stronger. Furthermore, this new knowledge provides guidelines for protein engineering with fluorination. Importantly, incorporating perfluorinated aromatic residues into proteins enables novel mechanisms of molecular recognition that do not exist in native proteins, such as arene-perfluoroarene stacking. Such novel mechanisms can be used for programming protein folding specificity and engineering peptide-based materials.
The Origin of Permanent Magnet Induced Vibration in Electric Machines (1991)

A principal source of vibration in permanent magnet motors and generators is the induced travelling forces from the rotating permanent magnets acting on the stator. The form of the magnetic field and resulting forcing function in the airgap of such machines is critical. The stator is modelled as a solid ring, with no teeth. Various motor parameters were investigated, including the effects of radial versus parallel magnetization, magnetization tolerances, and radial offset. The results were determined with analytical and FEM models. It was concluded that radial magnetization of the permanent magnets was preferable for both vibration and motor performance. Magnetization tolerances and radial offsets yielded a relatively more populated frequency spectrum for the forcing function and thus could lead to a greater probability of resonant modes being excited in the surrounding structure.
Redox Signaling in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology (2012)

Redox signaling refers to the specific and usually reversible oxidation/reduction modification of molecules involved in cellular signaling pathways. In the heart, redox signaling regulates several physiological processes (eg, excitation-contraction coupling) and is involved in a wide variety of pathophysiological and homoeostatic or stress response pathways. Reactive oxygen species involved in cardiac redox signaling may derive from many sources, but NADPH oxidases, as dedicated sources of signaling reactive oxygen species, seem to be especially important. An increasing number of specific posttranslational oxidative modifications involved in cardiac redox signaling are being defined, along with the reactive oxygen species sources that are involved. Here, we review current knowledge on the molecular targets of signaling reactive oxygen species in cardiac cells and their involvement in cardiac physiopathology. Advances in this field may allow the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for conditions such as heart failure as opposed to the general antioxidant approaches that have failed to date.
MRI detection of paramagnetic chemical exchange effects in mice kidneys in vivo (2007)

In this report, the On resonance PARamagnetic CHemical Exchange Effects (OPARACHEE) method was implemented in vivo using WALTZ-16* as a preparation pulse with a standard spin echo sequence to detect the accumulation and clearance of the TmDOTA-4AmC(-) in mouse kidney. The performance of the technique in vivo is described in terms of the magnitude of the contrast effect versus the bolus agent concentration and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. The lowest injected concentration of TmDOTA-4AmC(-), 200 microL of a 2-mM stock solution (corresponds to approximately 0.2 mM agent in plasma), reduced the total water signal in the kidney papilla by 45% 3 min after the a bolus injection. The results show that the OPARACHEE methodology employing low-amplitude RF trains can detect paramagnetic exchanging agents in vivo.
Indolisation of 1-decalone and the reactions of the products with oxygen and with nucleophiles (1997)

The regioselectivity of the Fischer indolisation of trans-1-decalone has been examined in order to define conditions which select either indole or indolenine products. During the reactions aerial oxidation may occur and this can lead to some unexpected rearrangements. In addition, the reactions of the indolenines with nucleophiles have been studied with particular reference to the stereoselectivity of the additions.
A Post-Merger IT Integration Success Story: Sallie Mae (2003)

In June 2000, the two largest players in the education finance (student loan) industry announced their intent to merge: Sallie Mae of Reston, VA, would acquire USA Group of Indianapolis, IN. By the end of 2001, Sallie Mae had not only met its cost savings targets, but had also increased its share of the loan origination market from 15 percent before the merger to 24 percent. This level of growth shortly after a merger is a significant success story: many merged companies meet their cost-cutting goals, but lose sight of their revenue growth goals. One key to this post-merger success was Sallie MaeÂ¡Â¯s ability to quickly integrate the two firmsÂ¡Â¯ loan processing and servicing operations. In fact, Sallie Mae followed an IT integration plan far more aggressive than recommended by industry consultants. This paper tells the Sallie Mae post-merger IT integration story, captures lessons learned along the way, and includes the views of more than a dozen Sallie Mae employees who were "close to the trenches."
Using adjacent sampling for error correcting analog-to-digital converters (2003)

The authors address the use of neighboring samples to linearize the behavior of high-speed flash analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). A novel converter architecture is proposed in which a single flash comparator bank and dual latch/encoder stages allow samples to be taken at intervals much smaller than the sampling period. The result is a calibration/compensation procedure which is less sensitive to calibration frequency than are previous schemes. Using two TRW-1025 converters to implement the architecture shows an improvement in the spurious free dynamic range of between 10 dB and 20 dB over the majority of the Nyquist band.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Small Molecule Modulates Hairpin Structures in CAG Trinucleotide Repeats (2011)

Spanner in the works: The synthetic ligand, naphthyridine-azaquinolone (NA), can induce hairpin secondary structures on d(CAG)n repeats and efficiently interfere with DNA replication by Taq DNA polymerase as well as the human DNA polymerase α (see figure). Considering its unique sequence preference, NA would be a valuable probe to understand the features of the genetic instabilities of CAG/CTG repeat sequences in genomes. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Biofiltration of solvent vapors from munitions manufacturing operations (1999)

Abstract : U.S. Army industrial operations sometimes involve processes that emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in gaseous form. Biofilter technology can treat such gaseous emissions. When supplied with the proper balance of nutrients, buffer, temperature, and moisture conditions, the biofilter collects contaminants from the air and biologically degrades them into CO2, water, and biomass by-products. This study provided needed bench-scale feasibility data before demonstration and validation of biofilter technology as a treatment process at the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant, Independence, MO, and for potential use in other U.S. Army Industrial Operations Commands.
Parallel computation for rapid reconstruction of volumetric ultrasonic images (2003)

A massively parallel computer, the Princeton Engine (PE), is applied to the task of volumetric ultrasound image reconstruction. Results are compared with those obtained on a conventional, sequential computer (a Sun SparcStation 1). The PE reduces reconstruction times by a factor of approximately 500 over the Sun, making possible the creation of a flexible and efficient tool for experimenting with image-reconstruction parameters and algorithms. The image reconstruction of volumetric data is reviewed, and the approach used to map the reconstruction algorithm onto the parallel processor, the implementation problems resolved, and the acceleration achieved are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HORTICULTURAL CROP QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IMPORTANT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE (2006)

Significant increases have occurred in the volume and value of horticultural crops involved in international trade. Many lesser-developed countries have prioritized high-valued non-traditional crops (i.e. fruits, vegetables, and floricultural crops) as an integral part of their nationwide economic development plan. Buyers and consumers in the principal importing nations require consistent supplies of high quality products. Proper external and internal quality characteristics must be met, which may vary depending on the market destination. Color, texture, size, and flavor continue to be the predominant quality characteristics important for successful international marketing of horticultural crops. Product nutraceutical value is also a quality characteristic playing a significantly more important role among consumers in making purchasing decisions. Significant shifts in fruit and vegetable crop demand have recently occurred based on product quality characteristics. Examples include the shift in demand from Smooth Cayenne pineapple to the sweeter, more attractively colored MD-2 cultivar, easy-peel seedless citrus fruit, high skin blush low fiber mangoes, higher internal colored papayas and grapefruit, uniquely-flavored apples, high antioxidant containing berries, sweet onions, and fresh-cut pre-packaged shelf-ready fruits and vegetables. Innovations in product presentation and convenience will continue to play a significant role in export marketing of horticultural crops. New and unique product colors, flavors, and textures will continue to attract consumer interest and create international market opportunities.
Traffic grooming in WDM networks: past and future (2002)

Traffic grooming refers to techniques used to combine low-speed traffic streams onto high-speed wavelengths in order to minimize the networkwide cost in terms of line terminating equipment and/or electronic switching. Such techniques become increasingly important for emerging network technologies, including SONET/WDM rings and MPLS/MP/spl lambda/S backbones, for which traffic grooming is essential. In this article we formally define the traffic grooming problem, and we provide a general formulation that captures the features of a wide range of problem variants. We then present a comprehensive comparative survey of the literature that unveils the significant amount of research on this subject (the traffic grooming past). We also offer a broad set of ambitious research directions (the traffic grooming future) that are motivated by the exciting new challenges arising with the advent of MP/spl lambda/S technology.
Elevated Expression of the Oncogene <i>c-fms</i> and Its Ligand, the Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1, in Cervical Cancer and the Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Inducing <i>c-fms</i> Expression (2007)

Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. The presence and possible involvement of several cytokines have been studied in cervical cancer; however, very little data, if any, are available on whether cervical tumors are responsive to stimulation by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). Given the involvement of c-fms and its ligand CSF-1 in gynecologic cancers, such as that of the uterus and the ovaries, we have examined the expression of c-fms and CSF-1 in cervical tumor (n = 17) and normal cervix (n = 8) samples. The data show that c-fms and its ligand are significantly higher in cervical carcinomas compared with normal samples. Immunohistochemistry not only showed that tumor cells expressed significantly higher levels of c-fms but also c-fms levels were markedly higher in tumor cells than tumor-associated stromal cells. Blocking c-fms activity in cervical cancer cells, which express CSF-1 and c-fms, resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased motility compared with control, suggesting that CSF-1/c-fms signaling may be involved in enhanced survival and possibly invasion by cervical cancer cells via an autocrine mechanism. Combined, the data show for the first time the induction of CSF-1 and c-fms in cervical carcinomas and suggest that c-fms activation may play a role in cervical carcinogenesis. Additionally, our data suggest that transforming growth factor-beta1 may be a factor in inducing the expression of c-fms in cervical cancer cells. The data suggest that c-fms may be a valuable therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
Pattern profile control of polysilicon plasma etching (1985)

Profile control in plasma etching of polysilicon is described. Reactive gases are CCl2F2–H2 and CCl2F2–C2H6. Undercutting suppression and sloped wall pattern profile without undercutting are realized. Thin film formation on the etched pattern side wall is observed. These characteristics are explained by the plasma polymerization phenomena which occurs competitively with etching reaction.
Septic Shock and Corticosteroids (1981)

The use of a massive dose of a glucocorticoid in the patient with septic shock remains controversial. Some physicians believe strongly that corticosteroids favorably influence the outcome in a patient in whom septic shock is present or developing, whereas others regard the data in support of such therapy as insufficient in view of the potential risks. Although some controlled clinical studies have shown favorable effects of massive doses of corticosteroids on morbidity and mortality in septic shock, many have not.1 The Food and Drug Administration recently reviewed the indications for the use of corticosteroids in septic shock, focusing on the . . .
A divide and conquer approach to least-squares estimation (1990)

The problem of estimating parameters theta which determine the mean mu ( theta ) of a Gaussian-distributed observation X is considered. It is noted that the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate, in this case the least-squares estimate, has desirable statistical properties but can be difficult to compute when mu ( theta ) is a nonlinear function of theta . An estimate formed by combining ML estimates based on subsections of the data vector X is proposed as a computationally inexpensive alternative. The main result is that this alternative estimate, termed here the divide-and-conquer (DAC) estimate, has ML performance in the small-error region when X is appropriately subdivided. As an example application, an inexpensive range-difference-based position estimator is derived and shown by means of Monte-Carlo simulation to have small-error-region mean-square error equal to the Cramer-Rao lower bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Multilevel Multioutput Bidirectional Active Buck PFC Rectifier (2016)

This paper presents a new family of buck type power factor corrector rectifiers that operates in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) and generates a multilevel voltage waveform at the input. Due to CCM operation, commonly used ac-side capacitive filter and dc-side inductive filter are removed from the proposed modified packed U-cell rectifier structure. Dual dc output terminals are provided to have a five-level voltage waveform at the input points of the rectifier where it is supplied by a grid via a line inductor. Producing different voltage levels reduces the voltage harmonics which affects the grid current harmonic contents directly. Low switching frequency of the proposed rectifier is a distinguished characteristic among other buck type rectifiers that reduces switching losses and any high switching frequency related issues, significantly. The proposed transformerless, reduced filter, and multilevel rectifier topology has been investigated experimentally to validate the good dynamic performance in generating and regulating dual 125-V dc outputs terminals as telecommunication boards feeders or industrial battery chargers under various situation including change in the loads and change in the main grid voltage amplitude.
Electronic structure and surface kinetics of palladium hydride studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (1982)

X-ray photoelectron spectra and electron-energy-loss spectra (EELS) are presented and interpreted for Pd${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sim}}0.8}$ prepared by in situ loading and cleaning of a 10-\ensuremath{\mu}m foil cooled to 80 K. Hydrogenation induces new states with considerable $d$ character 8 eV in the valence band, a slight narrowing of the valence-band spectrum, and a shift of the Fermi level out of the $d$ manifold of states. In the core-line spectra a +0.17-eV binding-energy shift occurs, the asymmetry is reduced, and a shake-up satellite at 6 eV essentially disappears. In the EELS spectra a 7-eV plasmon loss is attenuated and shifted to 5 eV. During degassing experiments, no significant surface depletion is found, and two different rates occur: For concentrations ${\mathrm{H}}_{x}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.65$ atomic fraction hydrogen (($\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase) an activation energy of 8.1-kcal/mole ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ is found, while for ${\mathrm{H}}_{x}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.65$ (two-phase region) the rate is ${10}^{5}$ slower, but has a similar activation energy of 9.0-kcal/mole ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. During this time the surface contains both $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ phases.
Extremely low phase noise UHF oscillators utilizing high-overtone, bulk acoustic resonators (2002)

High-overtone, bulk acoustic resonators (HBAR) that exhibit 9-dB insertion loss and loaded Q values of 80000 at 640 MHz with out-of-phase resonances occurring every 2.5 MHz have been designed. These resonators have been used as ovenized frequency control elements in very low phase noise oscillators. The oscillator sustaining stage circuitry incorporates low 1/f noise, modular RF amplifiers, Schottky-diode ALC, and a miniature two-pole helical filter for suppression of HBAR adjacent resonant responses. Measurement of oscillator output signal flicker-of-frequency noise confirms that levels of short-term frequency stability characterized by Sy(100 Hz)=5*10/sup 26/ have been obtained. The sustaining stage circuit contribution to resulting oscillator flicker-of-frequency noise is 7 to 10 dB below that due to the resonators themselves.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-excimer-pulse writing of fiber gratings by use of a zero-order nulled phase mask: grating spectral response and visualization of index perturbations (1993)

Optical fiber Bragg reflectors have been written by irradiating the fiber from the side through a phase mask with a single pulse of high-power 249-nm excimer-laser light. Efficient tapping of light to the radiation modes has been achieved for light at wavelengths shorter than the Bragg wavelength. The photoinduced periodic refractive-index perturbations have been observed directly with an optical microscope and are shown to have the same period as the phase mask and to be highly localized on one side, the irradiated side of the fiber core-cladding boundary.
Arterial thromboembolic disease: A single‐centre case series study (2007)

Arterial TE occurred as frequently as venous TE in our tertiary paediatric population. The clinical outcome and long term sequelae of such events are significant.
An efficient scalable and flexible data transfer architecture for multiprocessor SoC with massive distributed memory (2004)

Massive data transfer encountered in emerging multimedia embedded applications requires architecture allowing both highly distributed memory structure and multiprocessor computation to be handled. The key issue that needs to be solved is then how to manage data transfers between large numbers of distributed memories. To overcome this issue, our paper proposes a scalable Distributed Memory Server (DMS) for multiprocessor SoC (MPSoC). The proposed DMS is composed of: (1) high-performance and flexible memory service access points (MSAPs), which execute data transfers without intervention of the processing elements, (2) data network, and (3) control network. It can handle direct massive data transfer between the distributed memories of an MPSoC. The scalability and flexibility of the proposed DMS are illustrated through the implementation of an MPEG4 video encoder for QCIF and CIF formats. The experiments show clearly how DMS can be adapted to accommodate different SoC configurations requiring various data transfer bandwidths. Synthesis results show that bandwidth can scale up to 28.8 GB/sec.
Light scattering and local structure in low-loss poly(methyl methacrylate) glasses. (1985)

プラスチック光ファイバーの伝送損失は吸収損失と散乱損失に大別されるが, 可視光領域における損失は散乱損失に大きく依存している. 本研究では, 光ファイバーコア材料としてよく用いられるポリメタクリル酸メチル (PMMA) について低散乱損失化の可能性を検討した. 不純物プリーなモノマーから作製されたPMMA固体の光散乱損失は, 重合条件, 熱処理条件に大きく依存した. 今回, 揺動説での理論限界値と報告されている14dB/km (波長633nm) を越える低散乱損失PMMA固体を作製することができた, 光散乱強度の角度依存性から, このPMMA固体中には数百Å程度の大きさを有する10-5オーダーの屈折率ゆらぎが存在することが判明した。これは重合時の応力ひずみや高分子量ポリマーの凝集等によるものであり, タクティシティによる本質的なゆらぎや残存モノマーが直接的な原因ではないと結諭づけられた.
Comparison of Physicochemical and Biological Properties of (<i>o</i>-Carboran-1-YL)methylphosphonate and Methylphosphonate Oligonucleotides (1997)

Abstract (o-Carboran-1-yl)methylphosphonate (CBMP) oligonucleotides demonstrate advantages in their physicochemical and biological characteristics over the corresponding methylphosphonate oligonucleotides.