gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical modification of polypropylene with peroxide/pentaerythritol triacrylate by reactive extrusion (1996)

To explore the possibility of producing branched polypropylene (PP) by a reactive extrusion (REX) process, isotactic PP was reacted with a polyfunctional monomer, pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), in the presence of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5(t-butylperoxy) hexane peroxide (Lupersol 101). Experiments were carried out in an intermeshing, corotating twin-screw extruder at 200°C using three concentrations of peroxide (200, 600, and 1000 ppm) and four concentrations of PETA (0.64, 1.8, 2.8, and 5.0%, by weight). Shear viscosity and MFI of the whole polymers was found to increase with PETA concentration and decrease with increasing the peroxide concentration at a given PETA concentration. The macrogel amount in the materials produced was determined in refluxing xylene using Soxhlet extraction and at PETA concentrations higher than 1.8wt % the macrogel content increased with increasing peroxide concentration. No macrogel was detected at low PETA concentrations (<0.64%) at all three peroxide levels, suggesting that low concentrations of PETA and peroxide should be used in order to minimize the formation of macrogels. The xylene soluble portions (sols) of the modified materials were characterized by FTIR and DSC. Generally, the relative intensities A1740/A841 in the FTIR spectra increased with increasing PETA incorporated into PP. Two melting peaks (Tm1 and Tm2) were observed in the DSC traces of some of the sols, and the crystallization temperatures (Tc) were higher than those of the virgin and degraded polypropylenes. The DSC behavior of the sols suggests that the modified PPs contain branched and/or lightly crosslinked chain structures. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Protective Effect of the HLA‐Bw4I80 Epitope and the Killer Cell Immunoglobulin‐Like Receptor 3DS1 Gene against the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2005)

The aim of the present study was to investigate, in 152 Spanish patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the possibility that killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) influence progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. KIRs are related to the activation and inhibition of natural killer cells and may play an important role in the innate response against infection with such viruses as HCV. We found that the human leukocyte antigen-Bw4I80 epitope and the KIR3DS1 gene were more frequent in HCV carriers than in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, these associations were not independent of each other--the KIR3DS1/Bw4I80 genotype clearly was also more frequent in HCV carriers (odds ratio, 24.22).
Substituting depth for intensity and real-time phosphene rendering: Visual navigation under low vision conditions (2011)

Navigation and way finding including obstacle avoidance is difficult when visual perception is limited to low resolution, such as is currently available on a bionic eye. Depth visualisation may be a suitable alternative. Such an approach can be evaluated using simulated phosphenes with a wearable mobile virtual reality kit. In this paper, we present two novel approaches: (i) an implementation of depth visualisation; and, (ii) novel methods for rapid rendering of simulated phosphenes with an empirical comparison between them. Our new software-based method for simulated phosphene rendering shows large speed improvements, facilitating the display in real-time of a large number of phosphenes with size and brightness dependent on pixel intensity, and with customised output dynamic range. Further, we describe the protocol, navigation environment and system used for visual navigation experiments to evaluate the use of depth on low resolution simulations of a bionic eye perceptual experience. Results for these experiments show that a depth-based representation is effective for navigation, and shows significant advantages over intensity-based approaches when overhanging obstacles are present. The results of the experiments were reported in [1], [2].
Fjerning av marin begroing (2009)

Gruppen fikk en problemstilling av Deep Ocean som dannet grunnlag for oppgaveteksten.\nProblemstillingen er forholdsvis ny og gruppen fant fort ut at det manglet gode løsninger på\nmarkedet.\nUt i fra oppgaveteksten skulle gruppen undersøke forskjellige løsninger for rask og enkel\nfjerning av marin begroing på rør, kabler og kjettinger, samt designe en enhet for dette.\nEtter en innsnevringsprosess ble gruppen sammen med Deep Ocean, enig om plassering og\nhovedkriterier enheten skulle designes etter. Enheten ble valgt å plasseres i vannoverflaten\n(plaskesonen).\nEttersom lignende enhet allerede eksisterte, valgte gruppen å bruke noen av grunnideene i\ndesign av ny enhet.\nEnheten ble dimensjonert for tenkt last, ved bruk av manuelle beregninger og ANSYS.\nDelene ble designet i Autodesk Inventor. ANSYS ble benyttet for å finne eventuelle feil ved\nde manuelle beregningene, eller i designet.\nHøytrykksspyling med sjøvann ble valgt som fjerningsmetode.\nEnheten ble designet slik at den kan åpnes og lukkes uten bruk av hydraulikkaggregat.\nGruppen mener enheten som er designet er robust, universell og vil dekke behovet for fjerning\nav marin begroing, raskt og effektivt.\nDenne rapporten er et detaljert forslag til konstruksjon av en enhet som kan fjerne marin\nbegroing av rør, kabler og kjetting.
TIDAL SEDIMENTOLOGY: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CURRENT CONTRIBUTIONS (1998)

Sedimentation in tidal environments covers a broad spectrum of conditions and produces a wide range of tidal signatures These sediment sequences that have accumulated as theresult of significant tidal influence are called tidalites Over the past few decades several models have been developed that are useful in interpreting tidal sequences in the ancient stratigraphic record The models include tidal bedding tidal bundles and the relationships of cycles with various time scales to these tidal deposits Although the efforts of sedimentologists studying both modern and ancient sequences have provided techniques fordetailed analysis of tidalites there is still much to be learned about tidal sedimentation and the resulting sediment deposits This volume is a step toward that end This introductory paper will provide the reader with a brief history of the organized effort in tidal sedimentology along with a synopsis of this volume
Danger: High Voltage (1978)

(1978). Danger: High Voltage. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 16-38.
Differential Expression of Ikaros Isoforms in Monozygotic Twins With MLL-rearranged Precursor-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2008)

Infant leukemia associated with rearrangement of the MLL gene typically presents with high-risk clinical features. Relapse is common despite aggressive therapy and perturbations in signaling pathways may contribute to disease resistance. We evaluated twin 4-month-old monozygotic baby boys who presented with MLL-rearranged precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two different MLL/AF4 variants were found in both the twins, the first involving MLL intron 8 and AF4 intron 3 and the second stemming from translocations of MLL exon 10 and AF4 exon 4. We detected expression of the DNA-binding Ikaros isoforms, Ik1, Ikx+, Ik2 and the dominant-negative Ik4 Ikaros isoform in both patients. However, the dominant-negative Ik8 isoform was detected in only 1 boy, suggesting a common genetic ontogeny that was modulated by leukemic evolution. Further exploration of Ikaros expression in the background of MLL rearrangements may provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and could offer targets for novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Aluminate Powders (1994)

The Pechini process was used to produce high‐purity, monocalcium aluminate (CaAl 2 O 4 ) powders at temperatures as low as 900°C. Absorption spectrometry and BET measurements revealed particles with sizes ranging from submicrometer to 100 μm, with specific surface areas as high as 10 m 2 /g. Auger electron spectrometry (AES) was used to study the progressive elimination of surface carbon from the organic burnout as a function of temperature. The growth kinetics of calcium aluminate crystallites from a polymeric precursor were studied during calcination as a function of temperature, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the early stages of crystallization, the activation energy for crystallite growth was found to be 118 kJ/mol. This is substantially less than the 356 kJ/mol previously reported. A growth kinetic exponent of n = 1.68 was determined for the amorphous‐to‐crystalline transformation in the temperature range 700° to 850°C. These values were consistent with growth by short‐range diffusion.
Grammar-based analysis of string expressions (2005)

We specify a polymorphic type system for an applied lambda calculus that refines the string type with a subtype hierarchy derived from language containment. It enables us to find a language for each string-type expression such that the value of the expression is a member of that language. Type inference for this system infers language inclusion constraints that can be viewed as a context-free grammar with a nonterminal for each string-valued expression.Then we present two algorithms that solve language inclusion constraints with respect to a fixed context-free reference grammar. The solutions are sound but incomplete because the general problem of context-free language inclusion is undecidable. Both algorithms are derived from Earley's parsing algorithm for context-free languages.Taking the two parts together enables us to answer questions like: Is the value of a string-type expression derivable from a given nonterminal in the reference grammar?
[Nucelotide sequence of an ECHO virus isolated from a meningiti]. (2001)

W strain Zhaoyuna/W/87) was a mutation strain of ECHO29.
The Crowning of the American Landscape: Eight Great Spaces and Their Buildings (1989)

"The Crowning of the American Landscape: Eight Great Spaces and Their Buildings." Journal of Architectural Education, 42(2), pp. 54–55
Photonic slot routing in all-optical WDM mesh networks (2003)

Photonic slot routing has been proposed as an approach to implement an all-optical packet-switched network in a manner which is scalable and not overly complex. Although photonic slot routing has been studied in bus and ring networks, it has not been applied to general mesh topologies until now. In this study, we investigate some of the issues involved in implementing photonic slot routing in a mesh network. In particular, we propose an approach for assigning slot destinations in a photonic slot routing network, and we evaluate the performance of the proposed technique.
Ion‐pairing reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of 76 underivatized amino acids of biological interest: a new tool for the diagnosis of inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism (2005)

Abstract Seventy‐six molecules of biological interest for the diagnosis of inherited disorders of amino acids (AA) metabolism have previously been demonstrated to be detectable in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) positive mode without derivatization. Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) separation on different C 18 columns using various perfluorinated carboxylic acids as ion‐pairing agents has been found suitable for coupling with MS/MS, and for the separation of AA. A new procedure was optimized in order to replace the usual ion‐exchange chromatographic, post‐column ninhydrin derivatization, time‐consuming routine method. This procedure allowed an adequate separation of all the molecules from other known interfering compounds, and a throughput of two samples per hour. Quantification limits for each molecule were found to be compatible with their measurement in plasma and urine. We validated the qualitative part of the method by analyzing plasma and urine samples from patients affected with several inherited disorders of AA metabolism. We validated the quantification of 16 AA using their stable isotopes as internal standard. The calibration curves were linear over the range 0–3 mM. The quantitative results obtained with the new method on 105 plasma and 99 urine samples were in good agreement with those obtained by the established routine method. Spiking experiments and precision results were also satisfactory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and properties of 2-halo acid dehalogenase from Pseudomonas putida. (1982)

(EC 3.8.1.2) catalyzes hy-
Left- and right-handed helical tubule intermediates from a pure chiral phospholipid (1999)

Differential phase contrast microscopy under conditions of very slow cooling reveals the dominant self-assembly mechanism of a chiral diacetylenic phospholipid into multilamellar tubules to be the rapid growth of helical ribbons from spherical multilamellar vesicles. Surprisingly, in the first seconds of tubule formation, a pure enantiomer of 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DC(8,9)PC] yields roughly equal numbers of left- and right-handed helices, inconsistent with the heretofore observed relationship between tubule helix handedness on phospholipid chirality. A much slower process follows by which tubules become multilamellar with a prominent helical ridge upon the exterior. Interestingly, these exterior helical ridges are of only a single handedness.
Vitamin K2 added for nutritional purposes in foods for particular nutritional uses, food supplements and foods intended for the general population (2008)

SUMMARY Following a request from the Commission, the European Food Safety Authority has been asked to carry out the safety assessment for “vitamin K2 as source of vitamin K added for nutritional purposes to foodstuffs, in the context of Regulation (EC) N° 258/97”, and to provide a scientific opinion, based on its consideration of “the safety and bioavailability of vitamin K2 added for nutritional purposes in foods for particular nutritional uses and foods (including food supplements) intended for the general population”. The collective term “vitamin K”, encompasses several lipid-soluble 2-methyl-1,4naphthoquinone derivatives. Naturally occurring forms of vitamin K include vitamin K1 (phylloquinones) and vitamin K2 (menaquinones).
Isothiazolones; thiol-reactive inhibitors of cysteine protease cathepsin B and histone acetyltransferase PCAF (2011)

Isothiazolones and 5-chloroisothiazolones react chemoselectively with thiols by cleavage of the weak nitrogen-sulfur bond to form disulfides. They show selectivity for inhibition of the thiol-dependent cysteine protease cathepsin B and the histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP associated factor (PCAF) based on their substitution pattern. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics and mass spectroscopy indicate covalent binding of a 5-chloroisothiazolone to cathepsin B, which demonstrates their potential utility as probes for activity-based protein profiling.
Programming in Alma-0, or Imperative and Declarative Programming Reconciled (2000)

In (Apt et al, TOPLAS 1998) we introduced the imperative programming language Alma-0 that supports declarative programming. In this paper we illustrate the hybrid programming style of Alma-0 by means of various examples that complement those presented in (Apt et al, TOPLAS 1998). The presented Alma-0 programs illustrate the versatility of the language and show that ``don't know'' nondeterminism can be naturally combined with assignment.
Involvement of Flt-1 tyrosine kinase (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1) in pathological angiogenesis. (2001)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its two receptors, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1) (VEGFR-1) and KDR/Flk-1 (VEGFR-2), have been demonstrated to be an essential regulatory system for blood vessel formation in mammals. KDR is a major positive signal transducer for angiogenesis through its strong tyrosine kinase activity. Flt-1 has a unique biochemical activity, 10-fold higher affinity to VEGF, whereas much weaker tyrosine kinase activity compared with KDR. Recently, we and others have shown that Flt-1 has a negative regulatory function for physiological angiogenesis in the embryo, possibly with its strong VEGF-trapping activity. However, it is still open to question whether the tyrosine kinase of Flt-1 has any positive role in angiogenesis at adult stages. In this study, we examined whether Flt-1+ could be a positive signal transducer under certain pathological conditions, such as angiogenesis with tumors overexpressing a Flt-1-specific, VEGF-related ligand. Our results show clearly that murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells overexpressing placenta growth factor-2, an Flt-1-specific ligand, grew in wild-type mice much faster than in Flt-1 tyrosine kinase domain-deficient mice. Blood vessel formation in tumor tissue was higher in wild-type mice than in Flt-1 tyrosine kinase-deficient mice. On the other hand, the same carcinoma cells overexpressing VEGF showed no clear difference in the tumor growth rate between these two genotypes of mice. These results indicate that Flt-1 is a positive regulator using its tyrosine kinase under pathological conditions when the Flt-1-specific ligand is abnormally highly expressed. Thus, Flt-1 has a dual function in angiogenesis, acting in a positive or negative manner in different biological conditions.
Ekiden: A Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contracts (2019)

Smart contracts are applications that execute on blockchains. Today they manage billions of dollars in value and motivate visionary plans for pervasive blockchain deployment. While smart contracts inherit the availability and other security assurances of blockchains, however, they are impeded by blockchains' lack of confidentiality and poor performance. We present Ekiden, a system that addresses these critical gaps by combining blockchains with Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). Ekiden leverages a novel architecture that separates consensus from execution, enabling efficient TEE-backed confidentiality-preserving smart-contracts and high scalability. Our prototype (with Tendermint as the consensus layer) achieves example performance of 600× more throughput and 400× less latency at 1000× less cost than the Ethereum mainnet. Another contribution of this paper is that we systematically identify and treat the pitfalls arising from harmonizing TEEs and blockchains. Treated separately, both TEEs and blockchains provide powerful guarantees, but hybridized, though, they engender new attacks. For example, in naïve designs, privacy in TEE-backed contracts can be jeopardized by forgery of blocks, a seemingly unrelated attack vector. We believe the insights learned from Ekiden will prove to be of broad importance in hybridized TEE-blockchain systems.
Prospecting genomes for lasso peptides (2013)

Genome mining has unlocked a veritable treasure chest of natural compounds. However, each family of natural products requires a genome-mining approach tailored to its unique features to be successful. Lasso peptides are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified products with a unique three-dimensional structure. Advances in the understanding of these molecules have informed the design of strategies to identify new members of the class in sequenced genomes. This review presents the bioinformatic methods used to discover novel lasso peptides and describes how such analyses have afforded insights into the biosynthesis and evolution of this peptide class.
Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Enzymatic Browning of Cut Lettuce (2006)

Stored cut lettuce gradually turns brown on the cut section after several days of storage, because cutting induces phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, the biosynthesis of polyphenol is promoted, and the polyphenols are oxidized by polyphenol oxidase. In this study, we screened for inhibitors of PAL derived from fermented broths of microbes and from foods and found that a cinnamon extract definitely inhibited PLA of cut lettuce. An active component was isolated by chromatographic procedures and was identified as trans-cinnamaldehyde. Browning of cut lettuce immersed in a solution containing trans-cinnamaldehyde was definitely repressed.
Redox polymerization of unsaturated polyester resins. III. Catalytic properties of tertiary amine <i>N</i>‐oxides. Redox polymerization with the system, dimethylaniline <i>N</i>‐oxide with vanadyl acetyl acetonate (1964)

Abstract Catalytic activity has been shown for both trialkyl and aryl dialkyl amine N ‐oxides. Of the series, unsaturated polyester resins catalyzed with dimethylaniline N ‐oxide exhibited complete polymerization in a practical length of time (24 hr.), when promoted with vanadyl acetyl acetonate. Such a resin system may also be heat cured without the addition of any promoter. A unique property of dimethylaniline N ‐oxide‐catalyzed resins is the extraordinary stability exhibited by these resins systems. Up to two years precatalyzed resin and catalyst stability has been noted with resins stored at normal ambient temperatures. Lower storage temperatures are recommended.
The fast Hartley transform (1984)

A fast algorithm has been worked out for performing the Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) of a data sequence of N elements in a time proportional to Nlog <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> N. The Fast Hartley Transform (FHT) is as fast as or faster than the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and serves for all the uses such as spectral analysis, digital processing, and convolution to which the FFT is at present applied. A new timing diagram (stripe diagram) is presented to illustrate the overall dependence of running time on the subroutines composing one implementation; this mode of presentation supplements the simple counting of multiplies and adds. One may view the Fast Hartley procedure as a sequence of matrix operations on the data and thus as constituting a new factorization of the DFT matrix operator; this factorization is presented. The FHT computes convolutions and power spectra distinctly faster than the FFT.
Natural Product Synthesis via Cycloadditions with N-Sulfinyl Dienophiles (1984)

Did$-Alder cycloadducts derived from N-sulfinyl dienophiles have been used for stereospecific preparation of acyclic unsaturated amines and in stereospecific syntheses of e -s p h i n g o s i n e (31)and grythro-sphingosine
Sleep EEG Evaluation: A Comparison of Results Obtained by Visual Scoring and Automatic Analysis with the Oxford Sleep Stager (1989)

Oxford Medical has introduced an automatic sleep stager based on the stage-scoring criteria by Rechtschaffen and Kales. With our study we intended to examine whether the results of the stager (version 3.0) match those of the visual evaluation by two independent raters. We also wanted to test the reliability of this automatic sleep stage-scoring system. Ten somnopolygrams of subjects without sleep disturbances served as a basis for the comparison. Each sleep recording was scored twice automatically by the stager, twice visually by the first rater, and once by the second rater. The two automatic analyses of the somnopolygrams differed by 4.3% in a total of 13,850 epochs (1 epoch delta 20 s) regarding sleep stage scoring. The difference between the first and the second visual evaluation by the same rater amounted to 5.7%, whereas the results of the two independent raters deviated by 8.7%. Compared with the results of the visual analysis reached as a consensus by both raters--the so-called optimized visual analysis--the stager showed a 26.9% difference. The automatic analysis scored fewer epochs as stages wake, rapid eye movement (REM), and 2 and more as stages 1, 3, and 4. The sleep stager's frequent difficulty in identifying stage wake correctly as well as its incorrect allocation to other stages--mainly stage REM--could lead to misinterpretations of sleep recordings, whereas the increase in stages 1, 3, and 4, as compared with visual scoring, was negligible.