gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OpenFlow based load balancing and proposed theory for integration in VoIP network (2014)

In today's internet world with such a high traffic, it becomes inevitable to have multiple servers representing a single logical server to share enormous load. A very common network configuration consists of multiple servers behind a load balancer. The load balancer determines which server would service a clients request or incoming load from the client. Such a hardware is expensive, runs a fixed policy or algorithm and is a single point of failure. In this paper, we will implement and analyze an alternative load balancing architecture using OpenFlow. This architecture acquires flexibility in policy, costs less and has the potential to be more robust. This paper also discusses potential usage of OpenFlow based load balancing for media gateway selection in SIP-PSTN networks to improve VoIP performance.
Fiber-optic magnetic sensor utilizing the Lorentzian force (1990)

A fiber-optic magnetic sensor whose design is based on the Lorentzian force is presented. Optical phase sensitivities of 0.67 and 0.11 rad/(A/m) for AC and DC magnetic fields are obtained with a linearity of three decades using 100 mm of Al-coated sensor fiber. A configuration for multipoint AC field measurement with frequency-independent sensitivity is proposed. Electric current is measurable with a 2.6-rad/ mu A sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Stable Producer Cell Line for the Manufacture of a Lentiviral Vector for Gene Therapy of Parkinson's Disease (2010)

ProSavin is an equine infectious anemia virus vector-based gene therapy for Parkinson's disease for which inducible HEK293T-based producer cell lines (PCLs) have been developed. These cell lines demonstrate stringent tetracycline-regulated expression of the packaging components and yield titers comparable to the established transient production system. A prerequisite for the use of PCL-derived lentiviral vectors (LVs) in clinical applications is the thorough characterization of both the LV and respective PCL with regard to identity and genetic stability. We describe the detailed characterization of two ProSavin PCLs (PS5.8 and PS46.2) and resultant ProSavin vector. The two cell lines demonstrate stable production of vector over a time period sufficient to allow generation of master and working cell banks, and subsequent large-scale vector production. ProSavin generated from the PCLs performs comparably in vivo to that produced by the standard transient transfection process with respect to transduction efficiency and immunogenicity. The development of ProSavin PCLs, and the detailed characterization described here, will aid the advancement of ProSavin for clinical application.
Development of new promising antimetabolite, DFP-11207 with self-controlled toxicity in rodents (2017)

To reduce 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced serious toxicities without loss of antitumor activity, we have developed DFP-11207, a novel fluoropyrimidine, which consists of 1-ethoxymethyl-5-fluorouracil (EM-FU; a precursor form of 5-FU), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP; an inhibitor of 5-FU degradation), and citrazinic acid (CTA; an inhibitor of 5-FU phosphorylation). In vitro studies of DFP-11207 indicated that it strongly inhibited the degradation of 5-FU by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in homogenates of the rat liver, and also inhibited the phosphorylation of 5-FU by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) in tumor tissues in a similar magnitude of potency by CDHP and CTA, respectively. Especially, DFP-11207 inhibited the intracellular phosphorylation of 5-FU in tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner whereas CTA alone did not protect intracellular 5-FU phosphorylation. These results postulate that DFP-11207 rapidly entered into the cell and the free CTA produced from DFP-11207 inhibited the phosphorylation of 5-FU in the cell. Furthermore, following oral administration of DFP-11207, CTA was found to be highly retained in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract compared to other tissues in rats. Interestingly, EM-FU, the prodrug of 5-FU was found to specifically produce 5-FU by various species of liver microsomes. When DFP-11207 was administered to rats, the plasma level of 5-FU was persisted for a long-time with lower C<sub>max</sub> and longer half-life than that from other 5-FU prodrugs. The antitumor activity of DFP-11207 was evaluated in human tumor xenografts in nude rats and found that DFP-11207 showed an antitumor activity in a dose-dependent fashion and its efficacy is equivalent to reference 5-FU drugs. In striking contrast, DFP-11207 manifested no or less 5-FU-related toxicities, such as a decrease in body weights, GI injury, and myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia. Taken together, the preclinical evaluation of DFP-11207 strongly indicates that DFP-11207 be a potential new version of the oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug for further clinical development.
The Escherichia coli pgpB Gene Encodes for a Diacylglycerol Pyrophosphate Phosphatase Activity (1996)

We provided genetic and biochemical evidence that supported the conclusion that the product of pgpB gene of Escherichia coli exhibited diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) phosphatase activity. DGPP phosphatase activity was absent in pgpB mutant cells and was expressed at high levels in cells carrying the wild-type pgpB gene on a runaway replication plasmid. The pgpB mutant has been primarily characterized by a defect in phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase activity and also exhibits defects in lyso-PA phosphatase and phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase activities. The defective PA phosphatase in the pgpB mutant was shown to be a Mg2+-independent PA phosphatase activity of the DGPP phosphatase enzyme. We characterized DGPP phosphatase activity in membranes from cells overproducing the pgpB gene product. DGPP phosphatase catalyzed the dephosphorylation of the beta phosphate of DGPP to form PA followed by the dephosphorylation of PA to form diacylglycerol. The specificity constant (Vmax/Km) for DGPP was 9.3-fold greater than that for PA. The pH optimum for the DGPP phosphatase reaction was 6. 5. Activity was independent of a divalent cation requirement, was potently inhibited by Mn2+ ions, and was insensitive to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide. Pure DGPP phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to be similar to the E. coli DGPP phosphatase in its ability to utilize lyso-PA and phosphatidylglycerophosphate as substrates in vitro.
Planning for Successful Jarring Operations - Effective Use of Drilling Impact Systems Helps Release Stuck Pipe (2012)

Abstract Jarring is a cost effective alternative to free stuck pipe. Impact tools have been used in drilling industry for many decades and the technology has helped operators save significant amounts of time and money. To keep improving this technology, a new Drilling Impact System (DIS) has been developed. The DIS uses innovative double-acting hydraulic Drilling Jar/Drilling Accelerator and BHA analysis software. The unique modeling program enables engineers to identify/recognize the optimum impact/impulse values and key operational considerations during the BHA design process. The optimized BHA with accelerator amplifies the energy created by the drilling jar. As a consequence, it increases the probability of freeing a stuck BHA. This paper focus on the drilling bottom hole assembly (BHA) design process and best operational practices to ensure a successful drilling operation. The author will discuss effectiveness of the impact system and proper pre-job analysis procedures for optimum jar placement to avoid lost-in-hole (LIH) situations. The planning process includes: 1) operational considerations; 2) QA/QC system and; 3) software analysis. Case studies are presented to illustrate how the utilization of the drilling impact system culminated in the successful execution of a jarring operation to free stuck bottom hole assemblies.
Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical impedance detection and its potential significance in image tomography (2013)

The conductivity and permittivity of tumors are known to differ significantly from those of normal tissues. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a relatively new imaging method for exploiting these differences. However, the accuracy of data capture is one of the difficult problems urgently to be solved in the clinical application of EIT technology. A new concept of EIT sensitizers is put forward in this paper with the goal of expanding the contrast ratio of tumor and healthy tissue to enhance EIT imaging quality. The use of nanoparticles for changing tumor characteristics and determining the infiltration vector for easier detection has been widely accepted in the biomedical field. Ultra-pure water, normal saline, and gold nanoparticles, three kinds of material with large differences in electrical characteristics, are considered as sensitizers and undergo mathematical model analysis and animal experimentation. Our preliminary results suggest that nanoparticles are promising for sensitization work. Furthermore, in experimental and simulation results, we found that we should select different sensitizers for the detection of different types and stages of tumor.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND AUDIO (2009)

The depth map is currently in the spotlight as essential data for 3DTV and FTV/FTV with multi-view video [1]-[3]. Nevertheless, the importance of the depth map is not recognized as much as that of multi-view video. In order to reconstruct intermediate images at virtual viewpoints, we need the depth information. The multi-view video can be obtained from multiple cameras directly in general, while the multi-view depth map should be calculated from multi-view video.
A magnet system for urethral closure in females (1984)

The magnetic/urethral-closure system consists of a retropubically implanted magnet, fixed to the inner rim of the symphysis pubica, and an intravaginal magnet which, by their mutual attraction, close the urethra. Magnetic force/distance characteristics of rare earth/cobalt magnets used for this purpose have been investigated with distances similar to those to be expected with the system in situ. Experiments on excised sheep urethra and bladder have shown proper function of the closure system up to a urethral pressure of more than 120 cm H2O. The system has also been tested in vivo in 16 Merino sheep.
The effects of 3 gonadorelin products on luteinizing hormone release, ovulation, and follicular wave emergence in cattle. (2003)

The objective was to determine luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and follicular dynamics in cattle following administration of 3 gonadorelin formulations that are commercially available in Canada. In experiment 1, nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 4 per group) were randomly assigned to receive 100 micrograms gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate, intramuscularly (C; Cystorelin, or FE; Fertagyl). Blood samples (for LH analysis) were collected 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours after treatment. In experiment 2, nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 10 per group) were randomly allocated to receive 100 micrograms gonadorelin, intramuscularly as follows: 2 mL of C; 1 mL of FE; or 2 mL of Factrel (FA, gonadorelin hydrochloride). Gonadorelin treatment was done on days 6 or 7 after ovulation and blood samples for LH analysis were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after treatment. Ovaries were examined by ultrasonography, twice daily, to detect ovulation. A replicate was conducted using only C (n = 10) or FE (n = 10); blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. In experiment 3, beef heifers (n = 10 per group) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 GnRH gonadorelin treatments (as in the first phase of experiment 2) on days 6 or 7 after ovulation and blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 hours. In experiments 2 and 3, both mean and mean peak plasma LH concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in cattle treated with C. The proportion of dominant follicles that ovulated was higher (P < 0.02) in Holstein cows treated with C than in those treated with FE or FA (18/19, 11/19, and 4/7, respectively), but there was no significant difference among the products in beef heifers (6/10, 6/10, and 4/10, respectively). No significant differences were found in the interval from treatment to the emergence of the next follicular wave. In summary, C induced a greater LH release and this resulted in a higher ovulatory rate in Holstein cows but not in beef heifers.
Glypican-3-Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2020)

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is expressed in 75% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not normal liver, making it a promising HCC therapeutic target. GC33 is a full-length humanized monoclonal IgG1 specific to GPC3 that can localize to HCC in vivo. GC33 alone failed to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy when evaluated in patients with HCC; however, we posit that cytotoxic functionalization of the antibody with therapeutic radionuclides, may be warranted. Alpha particles, which are emitted by radioisotopes such as Actinium-225 (Ac-225) exhibit high linear energy transfer and short pathlength that, when targeted to tumors, can effectively kill cancer and limit bystander cytotoxicity. Macropa, an 18-member heterocyclic crown ether, can stably chelate Ac-225 at room temperature. Here, we synthesized and evaluated the efficacy of [<sup>225</sup>Ac]Ac-Macropa-GC33 in mice engrafted with the GPC3-expressing human liver cancer cell line HepG2. Following a pilot dose-finding study, mice (<i>n</i> = 10 per group) were treated with (1) PBS, (2) mass-equivalent unmodified GC33, (3) 18.5 kBq [<sup>225</sup>Ac]Ac-Macropa-IgG1 (isotype control), (4) 9.25 kBq [<sup>225</sup>Ac]Ac-Macropa-GC33, and (5) 18.5 kBq [<sup>225</sup>Ac]Ac-Macropa-GC33. While significant toxicity was observed in all groups receiving radioconjugates, the 9.25 kBq [<sup>225</sup>Ac]Ac-Macropa-GC33 group demonstrated a modest survival advantage compared to PBS (<i>p</i> = 0.0012) and 18.5 kBq [<sup>225</sup>Ac]Ac-IgG1 (<i>p</i> = 0.0412). Hematological analysis demonstrated a marked, rapid reduction in white blood cells in all radioconjugate-treated groups compared to the PBS and unmodified GC33 control groups. Our studies highlight a significant disadvantage of using directly-labeled biomolecules with long blood circulation times for TAT. Strategies to mitigate such treatment toxicity include dose fractionation, pretargeting, and using smaller targeting ligands.
Pregnancy, Microchimerism, and the Maternal Grandmother (2011)

These results show that microchimerism from a woman's own mother is detectable in normal pregnancy and diminished in preeclampsia, supporting the previously unexplored hypothesis that MP microchimerism may be a marker reflecting healthy maternal adaptation to pregnancy.
Mutations in the gene LRRK2 encoding dardarin (PARK8) cause familial Parkinson's disease: clinical, pathological, olfactory and functional imaging and genetic data (2005)

We have established that the frequency of LRRK2 mutations in a series of 118 cases of familial Parkinson's disease is 5.1%. In the largest family with autosomal dominant, late-onset Parkinson's disease where affected subjects share a Y1699C missense mutation we provide a detailed clinical, pathological and imaging report. The phenotype in this large British kindred included asymmetrical, levodopa-responsive parkinsonism where unilateral leg tremor at onset and foot dystonia were prominent features. There was no significant abnormality of cognition but there was prominent behavioural disorder. We observed a lower age of onset in successive generations. Histopathology in one patient showed substantia nigra cell loss and Lewy body formation, with small numbers of cortical Lewy bodies. 18F-dopa positron emission tomography (PET) in another patient showed a pattern of nigrostriatal dysfunction typical of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. 18F-dopa-PET scans in unaffected family members prior to identifying the disease locus did not detect subclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction. Olfaction was assessed in affected subjects and Lewy bodies were identified in the olfactory bulb as well as cortex and brainstem of one deceased patient. In order to assess the role of mutations in this gene in other familial cases we undertook a mutation screen of all 51 exons of LRRK2 in 117 other smaller British kindreds with familial Parkinson's disease. The commonest mutation was G2019S and we also identified two novel mutations, R1941H and T2356I, in the coding sequence. These data suggest that parkinsonism caused by mutations in LRRK2 is likely to represent the commonest locus for autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease with a phenotype, pathology and in vivo imaging similar to idiopathic, late-onset Parkinson's disease.
Synthesis of Bicyclic Alkene‐/Alkane‐Bridged Nisin Mimics by Ring‐Closing Metathesis and their Biochemical Evaluation as Lipid II Binders: toward the Design of Potential Novel Antibiotics (2007)

This report describes the design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of alkene- and alkane-bridged AB(C)-ring mimics of the lantibiotic nisin. Nisin belongs to a class of natural antimicrobial peptides, and has a unique mode of action: its AB(C)-ring system binds to the pyrophosphate moiety of lipid II. This mode of action was the rationale for the design of smaller nisin-derived peptides to obtain novel potential antibiotics. As a conformational constraint the thioether bridge was mimicked by an alkene- or alkane isostere. The peptides of the linear individual ring precursors were synthesized on solid support or in solution, and cyclized by ring-closing metathesis in solution with overall yields of between 36 and 89 %. The individual alkene-bridged macrocycles were assembled in solution by using carbodiimide-based synthesis protocols for the corresponding AB(C)-ring mimics. These compounds were tested for their binding affinity toward lipid II by evaluation of their potency to inhibit nisin-induced carboxyfluorescein release from large unilamellar vesicles. It was found that these AB(C)-ring mimics were not able to induce membrane leakage; however, they acted by inhibiting nisin-induced carboxyfluorescein release; this indicates their affinity toward lipid II. These results imply that an alkene or alkane moiety is a suitable thioether bridge mimic.
Multifrequency Oscillatory Ventilation in the Premature Lung (2015)

Oscillation with simultaneous multiple frequencies may be a more efficient ventilator modality in premature lungs compared with traditional single-frequency HFOV.
<title>Neural network algorithm for sea-ice edge classification</title> (1997)

The NASA Scatterometer, launched in August 1996, is designed to measure wind vectors over ice-free oceans. To prevent contamination of the wind measurements, by the presence of sea ice, algorithms based on neural network technology have been developed to classify ice-free ocean surfaces. Neural networks trained using polarized alone and polarized plus multi-azimuth `look' Ku-band backscatter are described. Algorithm skill in locating the sea ice edge around Antarctica is experimentally evaluated using backscatter data from the Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer that operated in 1978. Comparisons between the algorithms demonstrate a slight advantage of combined polarization and multi-look over using co-polarized backscatter alone. Classification skill is evaluated by comparisons with surface truth (sea ice maps), subjective ice classification, and independent over lapping scatterometer measurements (consecutive revolutions).
Stoichiometric translocation of adipocyte insulin receptors from the cell-surface to the cell-interior. Studies using a novel method to rapidly remove detergent and concentrate soluble receptors. (1985)

A rapid one-step method was developed for harvesting and concentrating insulin receptors from solubilized adipocytes, which entails precipitating soluble receptors with polyethylene glycol and resuspending the receptor-containing pellet in a reduced volume of binding buffer. With this procedure 90-100% of receptors were recovered, while 80% of cellular protein was removed, thus resulting in a marked reduction of both ligand and receptor proteases and about a 5-fold purification of the receptor. More importantly, greater than 98% of the Triton X-100 detergent was removed during this procedure so that the reduced receptor affinity observed in solubilized extracts (due to detergent) was restored to normal. Reconstituted receptors exhibited normal binding characteristics similar to those observed for plasma membrane receptors. The general utility of our receptor precipitation-reconstitution method is highlighted by studies on insulin-induced translocation of receptors from the cell-surface to the cell-interior of adipocytes and studies on the assessment of the binding affinity of nascent intracellular receptors. The results of these studies are consistent with the following. 1) Insulin initiates endocytotic uptake of insulin receptors, which then recycle back to the cell-surface. 2) Chloroquine impairs the recycling of internalized receptors while preventing receptor degradation, resulting in the progressive trapping and accumulation of receptors within cells during insulin treatment. 3) Receptor translocation during acute insulin-induced down-regulation is stoichiometric in that receptors lost from the cell-surface can be quantitatively recovered within the cell-interior. 4) In the absence of ligand, these receptors within adipocytes are mainly newly synthesized receptors enroute to the cell-surface, and they possess an affinity similar, if not identical, to mature receptors on the plasma membrane.
Sensitive and stable SiC APD for UV detection (2010)

This paper describes a novel design for an avalanche photodiode based on silicon carbide material. The design is based on a SAM-APD, with the novel feature of a field-stopping layer with limited extension only to the anode edge. Simulation shows that avalanche multiplication is achieved only in the central region of the device, thus enabling stable performance, when this novel structure is coupled with junction termination. Also, increased sensitivity is enabled by the achievement of a rectangular field distribution and full depletion of the absorption region by the onset of avalanche multiplication. The design has been experimentally verified, with the demonstration of low leakage current and a sharp, stable avalanche breakdown point around 120V. Optical responsivity to radiation of wavelength 200 to 400 nm is shown to increase with increasing applied reverse bias. Comparison with simulation shows that this is probably limited by reflection of the incident radiation at the device surface and by recombination effects.