gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of secretory particles in bovine seminal vesicle secretion on sperm motility and acrosome reaction (1987)

Particles found in bovine seminal vesicle secretion were enriched by centrifugation. They varied in size and morphology and contained Mg2+,Ca2+-activated ATPase, aminopeptidase A, alanyl aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities. Hyperactivation of sperm motility and the acrosome reaction were induced by these particles in epididymal spermatozoa suspended in a modified Ringer medium. The hyperactivation, analysed with a microscopic slide test, started within minutes of exposure to membrane particles and continued for 3-4 h, during which time spermatozoa underwent the acrosome reaction. Acrosome staining, phase-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the acrosome reaction started within 60 min at 37 degrees C and affected up to 80% of spermatozoa in 4 h. These membrane particles differed from those reported previously in other species in enzyme composition, function and organ of origin.
Potential Role of Resident Islet Macrophage Activation in the Initiation of Autoimmune Diabetes (1998)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of resident islet macrophage activation on beta cell function. Treatment of freshly isolated rat islets with TNF-alpha and LPS results in a potent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The inhibitory actions of TNF + LPS are mediated by the intraislet production and release of IL-1 followed by IL-1-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by beta cells. The IL-1R antagonist protein completely prevents TNF + LPS-induced nitrite production, iNOS expression and the inhibitory effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by rat islets. Resident macrophages appear to be the source of IL-1, as a 7-day culture of rat islets at 24 degrees C (conditions known to deplete islets of lymphoid cells) prevents TNF + LPS-induced iNOS expression, nitrite production, and the inhibitory effects on insulin secretion. In addition, macrophage depletion also inhibits TNF + LPS-induced IL-1alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression in rat islets. Immunocytochemical colocalization of IL-1beta with the macrophage-specific marker ED1 was used to provide direct support for resident macrophages as the islet cellular source of IL-1. IL-1beta appears to mediate the inhibitory actions of TNF + LPS on beta cell function as TNF + LPS-induced expression of IL-1beta is fourfold higher than IL-1alpha, and Ab neutralization of IL-1beta prevents TNF + LPS-induced nitrite production by rat islets. These findings support a mechanism by which the activation of resident islet macrophages and the intraislet release of IL-1 may mediate the initial dysfunction and destruction of beta cells during the development of autoimmune diabetes.
Comparative Sensitivity of Immimoelectroosmophoresisand Immune Adherence Hemagglutination Tests for the Detectionof Australia Antigen (1973)

The immune adherence hemagglutination (IA) method was found to be about 30 times more sensitive than the immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) technique in detecting Australia antigen. In cases of hepatitis, it was possible to detect Australia antigen with the IA method 5 days after the IEOP technique had become negative. One out of 7 Australia antigen-positive nonregistered blood donors at a certain time was negative with IEOP but positive with IA. The usefulness of the IA method compared to other techniques for detecting Australia antigen is discussed.
Environmental stress cracking in impact polystyrene (1981)

Abstract Environmental stress cracking (ESC) measurements for various impact polystyrenes were performed using a constant load technique with the specimens in contact with a 50/50 solution of cotton seed oil and oleic acid. It was shown that ESC in impact polystyrene is controlled by the transport of the aggressive liquid through a pre‐established dry craze structure where capillary pressure is the driving force. At moderate stress levels just above the critical stress for environmental cracking, there is an apparent incubation time for the dry craze formation. The craze incubation time is strongly influenced by thermal stresses induced by the gel particles. As a consequence, ESC is two‐stage process involving both an incubation time and actual crack growth. Control of the craze structure to maximize fibril content is essential for good ESC resistance. The craze fibril content can be altered by variables such as gel particle size, matrix molecular weight, plasticizer content, and rubber content.
An Improvement of Matrix-based Clustering Method for Grouping Learners in E-Learning (2007)

Clustering learners into groups according to the customized features in e-learning environment is an important step to build a personalization learning system. Though clustering e-learners is important for better cooperation between teachers and students in e-learning, it is a challenge job to group learners flexibly and exactly. Since there are already many models for the features which are used for the basis of the clustering methods, this paper proposes an improvement of Matrix-based Clustering Method which preformed efficiently without extra comparison in contrast to k-means clustering algorithm. The improvement of the Matrix-based Clustering Method proposes the concept "Agglomerate Strength" for further cluster cohesion measurement in contrast to the previous Matrix-based Clustering Method in precision. And the comparison experiments between the improvement Matrix-based Clustering Method and the other methods, i.e. the previous Matrix-based Clustering Method and K-means algorithm, are investigated. The results of experiments show that this method is feasible and efficient.
A novel cervical dilatation force measurement instrument (1989)

A simple and robust instrument for cervical dilatation force measurement is described which measures axial insertion force but is not affected by lateral loads. The instrument is battery-powered, self-contained and displays actual axial force and peak axial force on digital liquid crystal displays.
Hardware Supported Anomaly Detection: down to the Control Flow Level (2004)

Modern computer systems are plagued with security flaws, making them vulnerable to various malicious attacks. Intrusion detection systems have been proposed to protect computer systems from unauthorized penetration. Detecting an attack early on pays off since further damage is avoided and resilient recovery could be adopted. An intrusion detection system monitors dynamic program behavior against normal program behavior and raises an alert when anomaly is detected. The normal behaviour is learnt by the system through training and profiling. However, all current intrusion detection systems are purely software based and thus suffer from huge performance degradation due to constant monitoring operations inserted in the application code. Due to the potential performance overhead, software based solutions cannot monitor the program behavior at a very fine level of granularity, thus leaving potential security holes as shown in [5]. In this paper, we propose a hardware-based approach to verify the control flow of target applications dynamically and to detect anomalous executions. With hardware support, our approach offers multiple advantages over software based solutions including near zero performance degradation, much stronger detection capability (a larger variety of attacks get detected) and zero-latency reaction upon anomaly and thus much better security.
Simple Smart Algorithm for Flexibility of Dynamic Allocation in DHCP Server for SOHO Wireless Router (2020)

An inherit problem exists in the small office home office (SOHO) wireless router is the connectivity issue, specially when dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)'s pool is running out. SOHO wireless router is designed to serve a small number of wireless clients. The modification of the OS is possible with some restrictions, especially the size. This research has modified the wireless router OS using simple smart algorithm to enhance the flexibility of dynamic allocation in DHCP server for SOHO wireless router. It switches the selection process of DHCP server that considering resource allocation of each joined DHCP relays. The modified wirelesss router is able to serve more than 10 times connected clients compared to using the original firmware with more than twice longer service time duration. This paper deals with the examination of the proposed simple smart algorithm in real SOHO wireless router.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Effects of L-Azatyrosine Derivatives on Human Cancer Cell Lines (1999)

A series of amide derivatives of the antibiotic L-azatyrosine were readily prepared from N-acetyl-L-azatyrosine and alkylamines. The cytotoxicity of these L-azatyrosylamides against human oral epidermoid cells (OEC-M1), human stomach cancer cells (SC-M1) and human breast cancer cells (BC-M1) was tested in-vitro using a colorimetric MTT assay. 3-Chlorobenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl and 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl derivatives of L-azatyrosinylamide had greater cytotoxicity (IC50 0.2-0.7 mM) than L-azatyrosine (IC50 1.6-2.2 mM) against the cancer cell lines tested. The increased lipophilicity of the synthesized compounds appeared to contribute the growth inhibition of the cancer cells tested.
Tracking changes in collaborative writing (2012)

Systems for collaborative writing have long captured the attention of CSCW researchers, but have only recently come into widespread use. One issue in designing and understanding these systems is awareness of others' actions in a document. On the one hand, making edits and changes visible can improve collaborators' knowledge of who has made edits and what has changed in a document. On the other hand, studies of large scale editing systems such as Wikipedia have suggested that the visibility of certain edits can incite social conflict in groups. In this interview study, we aim to understand how people perceive and consider the potential impacts of their own and others' edits as they write together. Results suggest that edits embody not just changes to a document, but also social messages that have group maintenance implications. Many participants reported that they carefully consider how to make and explain edits so as to minimize social conflict.
Research on Suspension System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network Control (2009)

In this paper, a five degree of freedom half body vehicle suspension system is developed and the road roughness intensity is modeled as a filtered white noise stochastic process. Genetic algorithm and neural network control are used to control the suspension system. The desired objective is proposed as the minimization of a multi-objective function formed by the combination of not only sprung mass acceleration, pitching acceleration, suspension travel and dynamic load, but also the passenger acceleration. With the aid of software Matlab/Simulink, the simulation model is achieved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed active suspension system proves to be effective in the ride comfort and drive stability enhancement of the suspension system. A mechanical dynamic model of the five degree of freedom half body of vehicle suspension system is also simulated and analyzed by using software Adams.
GERMINATION OF PHACELIA SEEDS (1947)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Chromatin breakdown during necrosis by serum Dnase1 and the plasminogen system (2004)

Our results suggest that serum Dnase1 in cooperation with the plasminogen system guarantees a fast and effective breakdown of chromatin during necrosis by the combined cleavage of DNA as well as of DNA binding proteins. The failure of such a clearance mechanism might lead to antinuclear autoimmunity similar to that observed in the Dnase1-deficient mouse.
Ellagic Acid Derivatives of<i>Agrostistachys hookeri</i><sup>1</sup> (1988)

Further bioactivity-guided fractionation of a chloroform extract of the twigs of Agrostistachys hookeri against cultured P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cells, has led to the isolation of a cytotoxic ellagic acid derivative, 3,3′,4-O-trimethylellagic acid (1), and three inactive compounds, consisting of a new compound, 3,4,5,5′-O-tetramethyl-3′,4′-O,O-methylidenecoruleoellagic acid (2), and the known compounds, 3,4,5-O-trimethyl-3′,4′-O,O-methylideneflavellagic acid (3) and betulinic acid. The structure of the novel coruleoellagic acid derivative (2) was established by comparison of its spectral parameters with those of known ellagic acid derivatives.
Parallel architectures for vision (1988)

Options are examined that drive the design of a vision-oriented computer, beginning with the analysis of the basic vision computation and communication requirements. The classical taxonomy is briefly reviewed for parallel computers, based on the instruction and data stream. A recently proposed criterion, the degree of autonomy of each processor, is applied to further classify fine-grain SIMD (single-instruction, multiple-data-stream) massively parallel computers. Three types of processor autonomy, namely, operational autonomy, addressing autonomy, and connection autonomy, are identified. For each type, the basic definition is given and some examples shown. The concept of connection autonomy, which is believed to be the key point in the development of massively parallel architectures for vision, is presented. Two examples are shown of parallel computers featuring different types of connection autonomy-the Connection Machine and the polymorphic-Torus-and their cost and benefits are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phospholipase Cβ3 in mouse and human dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord is a possible target for treatment of neuropathic pain (2008)

Treatment of neuropathic pain is a major clinical problem. This study shows expression of phospholipase ss3 (PLCss3) in mouse and human DRG neurons, mainly in small ones and mostly with a nonpeptidergic phenotype. After spared nerve injury, the pain threshold was strongly reduced, and systemic treatment of such animals with the unselective PLC inhibitor U73122 caused a rapid and long-lasting (48-h) increase in pain threshold. Thus, inhibition of PLC may provide a way to treat neuropathic pain.
Synthesis of new cationic BINAP–ruthenium(<scp>II</scp>) complexes and their use in asymmetric hydrogenation [BINAP = 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl] (1989)

Reaction of [RuX2(arene)]2(1) and (S)-BINAP gives cationic BINAP–ruthenium complexes of the formula {RuX(arene)[(S)-binap]} Y (2)(X = Cl, Br, and l; Y = Cl, Br, l, BF4, and BPh4; arene = C6H6 and p-MeC6H4CHMe2) which are efficient catalyst precursors for enantioselective hydrogenation of various prochiral alkenic and ketonic substrates [BINAP = 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl]; a crystal structure of (2)(with X = Cl, Y = BF4) was obtained.
The Preparation and Biological Significance of Phytosphingosines (2002)

Phytosphingosines constitute a group of functionally related, long-chain aliphatic 2-amino-1,3,4-triols of which D-ribo-C18-phytosphingosine ((2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol) is the most prevalent. D-ribo-Phytosphingosine is a bioactive lipid and is reported to be a potential heat stress signal in yeast cells. Phytosphingosines are widely distributed as structural components of sphingolipids in yeast, fungi, mammalian tissues and marine organisms. The long-chain base (phytosphingosine component) of the majority of the phytosphingolipids has 18-carbons minor amounts of other chain lengths, especially C20, are also found, depending on their origin. Some of these phytosphingolipids exhibit important physiological activities. For example, there are α-and β-galactosyl- and glucosylphytoceramides that possess high tumor inhibitory potency. Due to the variety and significance of their biological activities and their scarcity in nature, phytosphingosines have become important synthetic targe ts. In general, approaches can be placed into three main categories. The first two rely on the chiral pool of amino acids and carbohydrates as the foundation for the asymmetric centers. Most amino acid strategies utilize (L)-serine. The carbohydrate-based approaches are the most abundant and employ a variety of common sugars and amino sugars. The third category of syntheses is based on asymmetric transformations. In this review the biological importance of phytosphingosines will be highlighted and approaches to their synthesis will be reviewed.
Transformers with convolutional context for ASR (2019)

The recent success of transformer networks for neural machine translation and other NLP tasks has led to a surge in research work trying to apply it for speech recognition. Recent efforts studied key research questions around ways of combining positional embedding with speech features, and stability of optimization for large scale learning of transformer networks. In this paper, we propose replacing the sinusoidal positional embedding for transformers with convolutionally learned input representations. These contextual representations provide subsequent transformer blocks with relative positional information needed for discovering long-range relationships between local concepts. The proposed system has favorable optimization characteristics where our reported results are produced with fixed learning rate of 1.0 and no warmup steps. The proposed model achieves a competitive 4.7% and 12.9% WER on the Librispeech ``test clean'' and ``test other'' subsets when no extra LM text is provided.
A standard test language - GOAL (Ground Operations Aerospace Language) (1973)

Over the past few years, a team of Kennedy Space Center Civil Service software engineers has specified a standard language for test and ground aerospace operations. The language is intended to be used for test procedure definition for all levels of Space Shuttle flight and ground support hardware from line replaceable units through integrated vehicle testing, and will support both manual and automatic testing modes. That is, the language can not only be used to specify test procedures in the shop, but can also control and manage major integrated test sequencing and launch day operations. The language is called GOAL, for Ground Operations Aerospace Language. This paper will relate the language development and describe GOAL as it was defined in March, 1973.
COMPLEMENTATION TEST BETWEEN ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE REGULATORY MUTATIONS <i>phoB</i> AND <i>phoRc</i> IN <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> (1977)

A phoRc and a phoB mutation belong to the same complementation group suggesting that there is a single positive control gene for alkaline phosphatase synthesis.
A Case for CMOS/nano co-design (2002)

The challenge of extending Moore's Law past the physical and economic barriers of present semiconductor technologies calls for novel nanoelectronic solutions. Circuits composed of mixed silicon semiconductors and nanoelectronics can provide a means for gradually switching technology paradigms. We suggest a design methodology to accompany this concept. Furthermore, we explore design tradeoffs for a nanoscale crossbar technology that supports CMOS/nano co-design.
Effect of SCN lesions on sleep in squirrel monkeys: evidence for opponent processes in sleep-wake regulation (1993)

Sleep and wakefulness are governed by both the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN), and a sleep homeostatic process; however, the interaction of these control systems is not well understood. From rodent studies it has been assumed that the SCN promote neither wake nor sleep but gate the homeostatic sleep-promoting process. Yet in humans sleep tendency is lowest during the later waking hours of the day, and sleep duration can be predicted because of the precise circadian timing of waking. Thus in primates, the SCN could assure sleep-wake cycle consolidation by actively promoting or facilitating wakefulness. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined the sleep-wake and sleep-stage patterns of intact and SCN-lesioned (SCNx) squirrel monkeys maintained in constant light. This diurnal primate has consolidated sleep and wake patterns more similar to man than rodents. Sleep-wake, sleep stages, brain temperature, and drinking circadian rhythms were eliminated, and total sleep time was significantly increased (4.0 hr, P < 0.01) in SCNx monkeys. However, total times in deeper stages of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM; e.g., delta sleep) and REM sleep were not significantly affected by SCN lesions. Increased total sleep time was associated with a reduction in subjective day wake consolidation, as evidenced by substantially shorter wake bout lengths in SCNx monkeys (15 +/- 6 min) as compared to intact monkeys (223 +/- 10 min; P < 0.0001, ANOVA). These findings show that the SCN influence the regulation of daily total wake and sleep times, and implicate an alternative sleep-wake regulatory model in which an SCN-dependent process actively facilitates the initiation and maintenance of wakefulness and opposes homeostatic sleep tendency during the subjective day in diurnal primates.
Haplotype Sharing Refines the Location of an Imprinted Quantitative Trait Locus With Major Effect on Muscle Mass to a 250-kb Chromosome Segment Containing the Porcine <i>IGF2</i> Gene (2003)

We herein describe the fine mapping of an imprinted QTL with major effect on muscle mass that was previously assigned to distal SSC2p in the pig. The proposed approach exploits linkage disequilibrium in combination with QTL genotyping by marker-assisted segregation analysis. By identifying a haplotype shared by all "Q" chromosomes, we map the QTL to an approximately 250-kb chromosome segment containing INS and IGF2 as the only known paternally expressed genes. This considerably reinforces the candidacy of these genes, justifying their detailed analysis.
An architecture for integrating plan-based behavior generation with interactive game environments. (2004)

R. Michael Young Department of Computer Science, Box 7535, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, young@csc.ncsu.edu Mark O. Riedl Department of Computer Science, Box 7535, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, young@csc.ncsu.edu Mark Branly Department of Computer Science, Box 7535, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, young@csc.ncsu.edu Arnav Jhala Department of Computer Science, Box 7535, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, young@csc.ncsu.edu R. J. Martin Knowwonder Digital Mediaworks, 12421 Willows Road NE #200 Kirkland, WA 98034, rockdeity@mindspring.com C. J. Saretto Microsoft Corporation, Box 1 Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052, cjsar@microsoft.com