gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of a P2X7 Receptor by a Subpopulation of Human Osteoblasts (2001)

There is now conclusive evidence that extracellular nucleotides acting via cell surface P2 receptors are important local modulators of bone cell function. Multiple subtypes of P2 receptors have been localized to bone, where their activation modulates multiple processes including osteoblast proliferation, osteoblast-mediated bone formation, and osteoclast formation and resorptive capacity. Locally released nucleotides also have been shown to sensitize surrounding cells to the action of systemic factors such as parathyroid hormone (PTH). In nonskeletal tissue recent attention has focused on one particular P2 receptor, the P2X7 receptor (previously termed P2Z), and its ability to form nonselective aqueous pores in the plasma membrane on prolonged stimulation. Expression of this receptor originally was thought to be restricted to cells of hemopoietic origin, in which it has been implicated in cell fusion, apoptosis, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. However, recent reports have indicated expression of this receptor in cells of stromal origin. In this study, we investigated the expression of the P2X7 receptor in two human osteosarcoma cell lines, as well as several populations of primary human bone-derived cells (HBDCs) at the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. We found that there is a subpopulation of osteoblasts that expresses the P2X7 receptor and that these receptors are functional as assessed by monitoring ethidium bromide uptake following pore formation. Inhibition of delayed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in response to the specific agonist 2',3'-(4-benzoyl)-benzoyl-adenosine triphosphate (BzATP) by the nonspecific P2X receptor antagonist PPADS confirmed a receptor-mediated event. After treatment with BzATP SaOS-2 cells exhibited dramatic morphological changes consistent with those observed after P2X7-mediated apoptosis in hemopoietic cells. Dual staining with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and a P2X7-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed the induction of apoptosis in osteoblasts expressing the P2X7 receptor. These data show for the first time the expression of functional P2X7 receptors in a subpopulation of osteoblasts, activation of which can result in ATP-mediated apoptosis.
Messenger RNA release from ribosomes during 5′‐translational blockage by consecutive low‐usage arginine but not leucine codons in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1997)

In '5'-translational blockage', significantly reduced yields of proteins are synthesized in Escherichia coli when consecutive low-usage codons are inserted near translation starts of messages (with reduced or no effect when these same codons are inserted downstream). We tested the hypothesis that ribosomes encountering these low-usage codons near the translation start prematurely release the mRNA. RNA from polysome gradients was fractionated into pools of polysomes and monosomes and a ribosome-free pool. New hybridization probes, called 'molecular beacons', and standard slot blots were used to detect test messages containing either consecutive low-usage AGG (arginine) or synonymous high-usage CGU insertions near the 5' end. The results show an approximately twofold increase in the ratio of free to bound mRNA when the low-usage codons were present in the message compared with when high-usage codons were present. In contrast, there was no difference in the ratio of free to bound mRNA when consecutive low-usage CUA or high-usage CUG (leucine) codons were inserted or when the arginine codons were inserted near the 3' end. These data indicate that at least some mRNA is released from ribosomes during 5'-translational blockage by arginine but not leucine codons, and they support proposals that premature termination of translation can occur in some conditions in vivo in the absence of a stop codon.
MS Detectors (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTMS DetectorsDavid W. Koppenaal, Charles J. Barinaga, M. Bonner Denton, Roger P. Sperline, Gary M. Hieftje, Gregory D. Schilling, Francisco J. Andrade, James H. Barnes, and IV IVCite this: Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 21, 418 A–427 APublication Date (Web):November 1, 2005Publication History Published online1 November 2005Published inissue 1 November 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac053495phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac053495pnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views12312Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (770 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Melanogenesis as a targeting strategy against metastatic melanoma: a reassessment (1994)

Following the early study of Hochstein and Cohen in 1963 suggesting the potential toxicity of quinonoid melanin precursors, considerable interest has been focused on the possibility of exploiting the pigment-producing pathway as a targeting strategy against metastatic melanoma. Several melanocytotoxic phenolic pro-drugs have been developed, and some of them have reached the preclinical stage. Here we review the progress made so far and supply some insight into the chemical and biochemical mechanisms underlying the melanocytotoxic response.
Thermally induced metastability in amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (1988)

The effect of thermal quenching on the characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors using amorphous silicon nitride as a gate insulator has been studied. We find that rapid quenching produces changes in the field-effect conductance which are completely reversed by annealing. Rapid quenching produces a decrease in the off conductance and an increase of the on conductance. The decrease of the off conductance is due to the increase of the dangling bond density. On the other hand, the increase of the on conductance can be explained as either the decrease of the interface state density between amorphous silicon and the silicon nitride or the decrease in source series resistance by thermal quenching.
Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinomas <b> <i>in vitro</i> </b> and Hepatic Metastases <b> <i>in vivo</i> </b> in Mice by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor HA-But (2004)

HA-But tends to concentrate in the liver and spleen and appears to be a promising new drug for the treatment of intrahepatic tumor lesions.
Roles for the Troponin Tail Domain in Thin Filament Assembly and Regulation (1999)

Striated muscle contraction is regulated by Ca2+ binding to troponin, which has a globular domain and an elongated tail attributable to the NH2-terminal portion of the bovine cardiac troponin T (TnT) subunit. Truncation of the bovine cardiac troponin tail was investigated using recombinant TnT fragments and subunits TnI and TnC. Progressive truncation of the troponin tail caused progressively weaker binding of troponin-tropomyosin to actin and of troponin to actin-tropomyosin. A sharp drop-off in affinity occurred with NH2-terminal deletion of 119 rather than 94 residues. Deletion of 94 residues had no effect on Ca2+-activation of the myosin subfragment 1-thin filament MgATPase rate and did not eliminate cooperative effects of Ca2+ binding. Troponin tail peptide TnT1-153 strongly promoted tropomyosin binding to actin in the absence of TnI or TnC. The results show that the anchoring function of the troponin tail involves interactions with actin as well as with tropomyosin and has comparable importance in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Residues 95-153 are particularly important for anchoring, and residues 95-119 are crucial for function or local folding. Because striated muscle regulation involves switching among the conformational states of the thin filament, regulatory significance for the troponin tail may arise from its prominent contribution to the protein-protein interactions within these conformations.
Tectonic controls on the development of unconformities: The North Slope, Alaska (1991)

The geology of northern Alaska is defined by two complementary, synchronous tectonic events. Opening of the Canada basin breached the south facing Ellesmerian passive margin in the Late Jurassic, cutting off northerly derived sediment and initiating thermal subsidence of the north facing Beaufort passive margin. Uplift of the Brooks Range on thrust faults loaded the lithosphere, creating the Colville trough, a foreland basin more than 10 km deep, and providing the bulk of the sediments that filled it. The northerly advance of the Brooks Range caused the two independent loads to flexurally interfere. The Beaufort passive margin is separated from the foreland by the Barrow Arch, which is, in part, the flexural bulge due to the interaction of these two loading events [Nunn et al., 1987]. A record of this interaction is preserved in the sediments north and south of the Barrow Arch. We have used this stratigraphy, coupled with simple basin modeling, to consider the flexural and stratigraphic effects of the evolving thrust wedge and basin filling. Using a simple sedimentation model and loading on an elastic lithosphere, we have produced two unconformity‐bounded sequences without sea level change. The unconformities are produced as a consequence of sedimentation and two increments in the thrust load that cause the flexural bulge to translate laterally, rise, and fall. The generation of unconformities over a flexural bulge by mass redistribution on a purely elastic lithosphere calls into question the use of these unconformities in other yoked systems to document viscoelastic lithospheric rheologies. Even if the lithospheric strength decays significantly on geologic time scales, we may not observe this decay in stratigraphy if the basin filling time is a significant fraction of the relaxation time. The Beaufort passive margin and the thrust belt strike at an oblique angle to each other, causing the independent bulges to constructively interfere in the west and destructively interfere in the east. The advance of the thrust‐related bulge beyond the eastern Beaufort shelf has, by flattening the basal decollement, exerted significant control on the thrust wedge of the Brooks Range, allowing the thrust wedge tip to advance beyond the coastline.
Hidden Markov model based voice conversion using dynamic characteristics of speaker (1997)

This paper proposes a new voice conversion technique based on hidden Markov model (HMM) for modeling of speaker’s dynamic characteristics. The basic idea of this technique is to use state transition probability as speaker’s dynamic characteristics and have conversion rule at each state of HMM. A couple of methods is developed for creating state-dependent conversion rule. One uses source speaker’s spectral dynamics and the other uses target speaker’s. The experimental results showed that the proposed methods have better performance than conventional VQ-method in both objective and subjective tests. The comparison of our two methods showed that the method using target speaker’s dynamics is superior in listening test and produces more natural sound.
Resurfacing Arthroplasty of the Shoulder (2003)

The design of the Copeland surface replacement arthroplasty has evolved over the past 20 years but the basic concept and design of the surface replacement, including minimal removal of bone and cementless fixation, has remained constant. The indications and surgical technique have been refined over this period. The surface replacement prosthesis has demonstrated clinical results at least equal to those of conventional stemmed prostheses. The specific advantages of a surface replacement over a stemmed prosthesis include minimal bone resection, which aids revision surgery, and the absence of a stem avoids shaft stress fractures. The indications, surgical technique and results of the Copeland surface replacement arthroplasty are presented.
Advanced Vector Control for Voltage Source Converters Connected to Weak Grids (2015)

This paper addresses an advanced vector current control for a voltage source converter (VSC) connected to a weak grid. The proposed control methodology permits high-performance regulation of the active power and the voltage for the feasible VSC range of operation. First, the steady state characteristics for a power converter connected to a very weak system with a short circuit ratio (SCR) of 1 are discussed in order to identify the system limits. Then, the conventional vector control (inner loop) and the conventional power/voltage control (outer loop) stability and frequency responses are analyzed. From the analysis of the classic structure, an enhanced outer loop based on a decoupled and gain-scheduling controller is presented and its stability is analyzed. The proposed control is validated by means of dynamic simulations and it is compared with classic vector current control. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed control system could provide a promising approach to tackle the challenging problem of VSC in connection with weak AC grids.
Role of Osteopontin in the Pathogenesis of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (2001)

Pulmonary fibrosis is initiated by migration, adhesion, and proliferation of fibroblasts. Osteopontin (OPN) is one of the cytokines produced by activated macrophages and mediates various functions, including cell attachment and migration, by interacting with alphav integrin. In this study, we have investigated the role of OPN in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. We developed a mouse model for pulmonary fibrosis by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM). OPN was strongly expressed in alveolar macrophages accumulating in the fibrotic area of the lung. OPN messenger RNA (mRNA) in the lung was notably induced by BLM instillation, and the development of the fibrotic process was associated with an increase in the expression of OPN mRNA and protein. In vitro, recombinant OPN enhanced migration, adhesion, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated DNA synthesis of murine fibroblast cell line NIH3T3. These effects of OPN on fibroblasts were significantly suppressed by addition of antimouse alphav integrin monoclonal antibody (RMV-7). Furthermore, treatment of mice with RMV-7 repressed the extent of pulmonary fibrosis in this model. Conclusively, these data suggest that OPN produced by alveolar macrophages functions as a fibrogenic cytokine that promotes migration, adhesion, and proliferation of fibroblasts in the development of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease (2003)

Imaging is widely used in the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to imaging's traditional role of aiding in the exclusion of diseases that may be confused with AD, structural and functional imaging are being explored for potential use in the early detection of AD and as surrogate markers of treatment outcome. Volumetric measurements of the hippocampal and entorhinal regions using modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography are most widely studied in the discrimination of AD from nondemented aging and other dementias. Other imaging modalities include positron emission tomography and single-photon-emission computed tomography, which evaluate global and regional disturbances of blood flow and metabolism, and proton spectroscopy, which assesses neuronal degeneration and loss as marked by the presence of abnormal metabolites. Diffusion tensor and functional MRI, which examine white matter changes and brain-behavior relationships, are more recent techniques that contribute to the burgeoning application of imaging techniques to dementing illnesses and are notably improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of AD.
Learning belief networks from data (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Learning belief networks from data: an information theory based approach Authors: Jie Cheng School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, United Kingdom, BT37 0QB School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, United Kingdom, BT37 0QBView Profile , David A. Bell School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, United Kingdom, BT37 0QB School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, United Kingdom, BT37 0QBView Profile , Weiru Liu School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, United Kingdom, BT37 0QB School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, United Kingdom, BT37 0QBView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '97: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Information and knowledge managementJanuary 1997 Pages 325–331https://doi.org/10.1145/266714.266920Online:01 January 1997Publication History 134citation1,863DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations134Total Downloads1,863Last 12 Months43Last 6 weeks16 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF FENBUFEN (1995)

(1995). AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF FENBUFEN. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 550-552.
The Impact of New Media on Customer Relationships (2010)

Recent years have witnessed the rise of new media channels such as Facebook, YouTube, Google, and Twitter, which enable customers to take a more active role as market players and reach (and be reached by) almost everyone anywhere and anytime. These new media threaten long established business models and corporate strategies, but also provide ample opportunities for growth through new adaptive strategies. This paper introduces a new ‘‘pinball’’ framework of new media’s impact on relationships with customers and identifies key new media phenomena which companies should take into account when managing their relationships with customers in the new media universe. For each phenomenon, we identify challenges for researchers and managers which relate to (a) the understanding of consumer behavior, (b) the use of new media to successfully manage customer interactions, and (c) the effective measurement of customers’ activities and outcomes.
Restoration of gravitropic sensitivity in starch‐deficient mutants of Arabidopsis by hypergravity (2001)

Despite the extensive study of plant gravitropism, there have been few experiments which have utilized hypergravity as a tool to investigate gravisensitivity in flowering plants. Previous studies have shown that starch-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis are less sensitive to gravity compared to the wild-type (WT). In this report, the question addressed was whether hypergravity could restore the sensitivity of starch-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis. The strains examined include a WT, a starchless mutant and a reduced-starch mutant. Vertical orientation studies with dark-grown seedlings indicate that increased centrifugal acceleration improves orientation relative to the acceleration vector for all strains, even the WT. For starchless roots, growth of seedlings under constant 5 g acceleration was required to restore orientation to the level of the WT at 1 g. In contrast, approximately 10 g was required to restore the orientation of the starchless mutant hypocotyls to a WT level at 1 g. Examination of plastid position in root cap columella cells of the starchless mutant revealed that the restoration of gravitropic sensitivity was correlated with the sedimentation of plastids toward the distal cell wall. Even in WT plants, hypergravity caused greater sedimentation of plastids and improved gravitropic capability. Collectively, these experiments support the hypothesis of a statolith-based system of gravity perception in plants. As far as is known, this is the first report to use hypergravity to study the mechanisms of gravitropism in Arabidopsis.
Regular Topology Formation Based on Artificial Forces for Distributed Mobile Robotic Networks (2018)

The distributed mobile robotic network consists of a group of mobile nodes, such as mobile sensors, unmanned vehicles, unmanned submarines, unmanned air vehicles, or mobile robots. The mobile robotic network keeping a regular topology can utilize efficient network protocols and is also promising in many application scenarios. We propose a distributed algorithm that controls multiple distributed robotic nodes to form regular topology, including straight line, ring, triangular lattice, and square lattice. Our algorithm generates artificial forces, including the attractive force towards a reference point to gather the distributed nodes, the repulsive force from neighboring nodes to keep the desirable distance among them, the formation force to form a specific shape, and the obstacle avoidance force to avoid possible obstacles, such that each node simply follows the resultant force to move. The algorithm works in a fully distributed manner, converges fast, and is easy to deploy, requiring only one-hop local network geometry information. And, it is effective under both 2D and 3D scenarios. A computer demo is developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for large numbers of robotic nodes.
Development of an HPV vaccine for a broad spectrum of high-risk types (2009)

Cervical cancer, the second most frequent gynecological malignancy in the world, is caused by infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV16, 18, and other 13 types). Vaccines protecting women from infection with high-risk HPVs can reduce prevalence of cervical cancer without costly screening for cervical precancerous lesions. Two vaccines containing HPV16 and 18 virus-like particles (VLPs), which were produced by self-assembly of the major capsid protein L1 of each HPV type, successfully induced type-specific neutralizing antibodies in the recipients of the large scale clinical trials and have been approved by several countries. Although HPV16 and HPV18 account for approximately 50% and 20% of cervical cancer, respectively, the remaining major issue to be addressed is how to prevent infection with other high-risk HPVs. Our and other studies have indicated that the HPV minor capsid protein L2 has several type-common neutralization epitopes and that immunization of animals with peptides having the L2-epitopes protects them against experimental challenge. Recently, we have shown that a type of chimeric VLP, HPV16 VLPs to which the type-common L2-epitope was added, induced in rabbits both the anti-HPV16 L1 neutralizing antibody at a high level and the anti-L2 cross-neutralizing antibody at lower but sufficient levels to be protective shown in the other animal experiments. Thus, this type of chimeric VLP seems likely to be one of the next-generation vaccine candidates for a broad spectrum of high-risk HPV types. Future issues were discussed about the HPV vaccine development.