gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Role of CD4 in Peripheral T Lymphocytes (2019)

The interaction of T-cell receptors (TCRs) with self- and non-self-peptides in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) stimulates crucial signaling events, which in turn can activate T lymphocytes. A variety of accessory molecules further modulate T-cell signaling. Of these, the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors make the most critical contributions to T cell sensitivity <i>in vivo</i>. Whereas, CD4 function in T cell development is well-characterized, its role in peripheral T cells remains incompletely understood. It was originally suggested that CD4 stabilizes weak interactions between TCRs and peptides in the MHC and delivers Lck kinases to that complex. The results of numerous experiments support the latter role, indicating that the CD4-Lck complex accelerates TCR-triggered signaling and controls the availability of the kinase for TCR in the absence of the ligand. On the other hand, extremely low affinity of CD4 for MHC rules out its ability to stabilize the receptor-ligand complex. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on CD4 in T cells, with a special emphasis on the spatio-temporal organization of early signaling events and the relevance for CD4 function. We further highlight the capacity of CD4 to interact with the MHC in the absence of TCR. It drives the adhesion of T cells to the cells that express the MHC. This process is facilitated by the CD4 accumulation in the tips of microvilli on the surface of unstimulated T cells. Based on these observations, we suggest an alternative model of CD4 role in T-cell activation.
Doping Silicon Nanocrystals with Boron and Phosphorus (2012)

The properties of silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) that are usually a few nanometers in size can be exquisitely tuned by boron (B) and phosphorus (P) doping. Recent progress in the simulation of B‐ and P‐doped Si NCs has led to improved explanation for B‐ and P‐doping‐induced changes in the optical properties of Si NCs. This is mainly enabled by comprehensive investigation on the locations of B and P in Si NCs and the electronic properties of B‐ and P‐doped Si NCs. I remarks on the implications of newly gained insights on B‐ and P‐doped Si NCs. Continuous research to advance the understanding of the doping of Si NCs with B and P is envisioned.
<title>Lossy multiresolution compression and segmentation of 3D MR images of the head</title> (1996)

In this paper, lossy compression of 3D MR images of the human brain is associated with a segmentation algorithm, in the context of an interactive brain sulci delineation application. Influence of compression losses is analyzed according to the segmentation results. Lossy compression is performed by subband coding leading to a multiresolution representation of the image. Wavelets are adapted for medical images statistics. The decompressed images are segmented by directional watershed transform (DWST), providing an accurate 3D segmentation of the brain. Impact of losses on the quality of the segmentation is estimated either by a 3D Chamfer distance function and by visual appreciation. In this article, we show that lossy compression can be combined with some applications, providing high compression ratio without significantly altering the results of the application.
Automated blood vessel segmentation based on de-noising auto-encoder and neural network (2016)

Retinal vessel segmentation has been widely used for screening, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular and ophthalmologic diseases. In this paper, we propose an automated approach for vessel segmentation in digital retinal images based on de-noising auto-encoders layer-wise initialized neural networks. The proposed method utilized a deep neural network, which is layer-wise initialized by de-noising auto-encoders and fine-tuned by BP algorithm, to segment vessel structures in retinal images. The proposed method is very competitive with the state-of-the-art methods. It achieves an average accuracy of 0.9612, 0.9614, 0.6761, sensitivity of 0.7814, 0.7234, 0.9702, and specificity of 0.9788, 0.9799, 0.9702 on 3 public databases DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE_DB1 respectively. The proposed method is promising for automated blood vessel segmentation.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2008)

Diese Geschichte der deutschen Küche spannt einen weiten Bogen von der Zeit der Germanen über die glanzvolle Kochkunst in späten Mittelalter, dem Niedergang der bürgerlichen Küche bis zur Renaissance der deutschen Küche in den letzten Jahren. Deutschland ist schon aufgrund der Vielfalt seiner Regionalküchen eine der spannendsten kulinarischen Nationen. Interessante Rezepte verlocken dazu, sich lesend oder kochend auf eine Reise durch Zeit und Raum zu begeben.
Stochastic Models for Reservoir Characterization : A User-Friendly Review (1997)

Abstract Stochastic models are widely used in the petroleum industry for reservoir characterization. Although there is now an extensive literature on the subject either presenting new models or revisiting older ones, most of these papers have been written with the professional geostatistician in mind. This makes it rather difficult for potential users to understand the methods and to work out their strong and weak points. This paper reviews the broad families of stochastic models that are currently available from a practical point of view. Users are faced with a number of questions like whether to use pixels or object based methods, or how to incorporate various type of information. These points will be addressed in this paper.
Columbia at the Document Understanding Conference 2003 (2003)

The Columbia Summarizer for DUC 2003, Task 2, is based on the multi-document summarization system that we developed for DUC 2002 (McKeown et al., 2002). It uses different summarization strategies depending on the type of documents in the input set. Four different strategies are used, one for single events, one for multiple related events, one for biographies and one for discussion of an issue with related events. The summarization strategy encoded in MULTIGEN is used for single event document sets. All other strategies are encoded in DEMS, which uses different parameter settings for different document input types. For Task 4, we adapted an open-ended question answering system that we have been developing as part of our AQUAINT project. The version used in DUC contains only a subset of the different techniques contained in the AQUAINT system given the differences in problem specification.
Electrophile Response Element-mediated Induction of the Cystine/Glutamate Exchange Transporter Gene Expression (2002)

In mammalian cultured cells, the cystine/glutamate exchange transport mediated by system x(c)- is important to maintain intracellular GSH levels. System x(c)- consists of two protein components, xCT and the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen. The activity of system x(c)- is induced by various stimuli, including electrophilic agents like diethyl maleate. In the present study, we have investigated the mechanism of the transcriptional regulation of xCT mRNA by diethyl maleate. The xCT gene consisted of twelve exons and sequence analysis identified four electrophile response element (EpRE)-like sequences between -230 and -1 in the 5'-flanking region, designated EpRE-1 to EpRE-4. To identify sequences mediating the constitutive and induced expression of xCT, a series of 5'-deletion mutants created from the 5'-flanking region were cloned into a luciferase reproter vector and transfected into BHK21 cells. The 5'-deletion analysis revealed that the sequence between -116 and -82 is essential for the basal expression and the sequence between -226 and -116 containing EpRE-1 is essential in response to diethyl maleate. Mutational analysis demonstrated that EpRE-1 is critically involved in the response to diethyl maleate. Other stress agents like arsenite, cadmium, and hydroquinone seemed to induce system x(c)- activity via the same sequence. Furthermore, the experiments using the mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from the Nrf2-deficient mice revealed that the induction of xCT gene by electrophilic agents is mediated by Nrf2. EpRE occurs in a broad spectrum of genes for the proteins that are involved in the defense against xenobiotics and regulates their expression. The present results have demonstrated that xCT is a novel member of this protein family.
Version Modeling Using Production Rules in the Postgres DBMS (1991)

As noted in [STON80], versions (also called hypothetical relations) can be used to support "what if" scenarios in the database, and offer a mechanism for manipulating live data without fear of corrupting the database. In general, versions are implemented through differential files (deltas) [SEVR76], either via forward deltas [STON81, WOOD83], or via backward deltas [KATZ82]. The main drawback of version systems is that the semantics are desired. Furthermore, no single system is general enough to subsume all of the proposals. This thesis shows that production rules in a database system can be used to implement versions, and that such rules are general and flexible enough to accommodate any new semantics that the user might want
Top-down Targeted Proteomics for Deep Sequencing of Tropomyosin Isoforms (2012)

Tropomyosins (Tm) constitute a family of ubiquitous and highly conserved actin-binding proteins, playing essential roles in a variety of biological processes. Tm isoforms produced by multiple Tm encoding genes and alternatively expressed exons along with post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate Tm function. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the functional role of Tm, it is essential to fully characterize Tm isoforms. Herein, we developed a top-down high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomics method for comprehensive characterization of Tm isoforms. α-Tm was identified to be the predominant isoform in swine cardiac muscle. We further characterized its sequence and localized the PTMs such as acetylation and phosphorylation as well as amino acid polymorphisms. Interestingly, we discovered a "novel" Tm isoform that does not match with any of the currently available swine Tm sequences. A deep sequencing of this isoform by top-down MS revealed an exact match with mouse β-Tm sequence, suggesting that this "novel" isoform is swine β-Tm which is 100% conserved between swine and mouse. Taken together, we demonstrated that top-down targeted proteomics provides a powerful tool for deep sequencing of Tm isoforms from genetic variations together with complete mapping of the PTM sites.
REGULATION OF BLOOD LEVELS OF LH IN BULLS: INFLUENCE OF AGE, BREED, SEXUAL STIMULATION AND TEMPORAL FLUCTUATIONS (1973)

Summary. Histological studies of adenohypophyses of male Friesian and Ayrshire calves, aged 1 to 2 months, and measurements of plasma or serum LH by solid phase radioimmunoassay in Angus, Holstein, Guernsey and Jersey bulls, ranging in age from 7 months to 2 years were carried out to determine factors influencing gonadotrophin secretion. The gonadotrophin-secreting delta cells constituted 3% of the cell population of the cortical region of the adenohypophyses at 1 month of age and 4% at 2 months of age. Considerable quantities of LH (3·7±0·3 ng/ml) were present in plasma samples of Angus bulls at 7 to 9 months of age. The levels rose to 4·3±1·1 ng/ml at 12 to 14 months and, at 2 or more years of age, basal LH values were of the order of 7 to 10 ng/ml plasma or serum. No breed differences were noted either in pituitary histology or LH concentrations. Teasing and ejaculations caused no increase in serum LH values for up to 3 hr after sexual excitement, irrespective of whether a bull or an oestrous cow was the teaser. Large irregularly occurring daily fluctuations in serum LH (0 to 50 ng/ml) were found in 6-year-old Holstein bulls. Similar but smaller variations (1 to 16 ng/ml plasma) were found in the younger Angus bulls aged 7 to 14 months. A distinct 24-hr variation in serum LH was found in two Holstein and two Guernsey bulls aged 1½ to 2 years. The diurnal serum LH values were twice the nocturnal values, an abrupt change-over occurring at 18.00 hours when most of the bulls were lying down. Hourly variations were small and insignificant during the morning and afternoon.
Oscillator Array Models for Associative Memory and Pattern Recognition (2015)

Brain-inspired arrays of parallel processing oscillators represent an intriguing alternative to traditional computational methods for data analysis and recognition. This alternative is now becoming more concrete thanks to the advent of emerging oscillators fabrication technologies providing high density packaging and low power consumption. One challenging issue related to oscillator arrays is the large number of system parameters and the lack of efficient computational techniques for array simulation and performance verification. This paper provides a realistic phase-domain modeling and simulation methodology of oscillator arrays which is able to account for the relevant device nonidealities. The model is employed to investigate the associative memory performance of arrays composed of resonant LC oscillators.
The validity of interpersonal skills assessment via situational judgment tests for predicting academic success and job performance. (2011)

This study provides conceptual and empirical arguments why an assessment of applicants' procedural knowledge about interpersonal behavior via a video-based situational judgment test might be valid for academic and postacademic success criteria. Four cohorts of medical students (N = 723) were followed from admission to employment. Procedural knowledge about interpersonal behavior at the time of admission was valid for both internship performance (7 years later) and job performance (9 years later) and showed incremental validity over cognitive factors. Mediation analyses supported the conceptual link between procedural knowledge about interpersonal behavior, translating that knowledge into actual interpersonal behavior in internships, and showing that behavior on the job. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
A graph-based approach to word sense disambiguation. An unsupervised method based on semantic relatedness (2016)

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is the task of automatically choosing the correct meaning of a word in a context. Due to the importance of this task, it is considered as one of the most important and challenging problems in the field of computational linguistics and plays a crucial role in various natural language processing (NLP) applications. In this paper, we present an improved version of a recent unsupervised graph-based word sense disambiguation method considered to be one of the states of the art techniques. Using WordNet as our knowledge-base, we introduce a new method of combining similarity metrics that uses higher order relations between words to assign appropriate weights to each edge in the graph. Furthermore, we propose a new approach for selecting the most appropriate sense of the target word that makes use of the in-degree centrality algorithm and senses of the neighbor words. Experimental results on benchmark datasets Senseval-2 and Senseval-3 shows that the proposed model outperforms all other graph-based methods presented in the literature.
Interactive editing of segmented volumetric datasets in a hybrid 2D/3D virtual environment (2006)

In this paper we present a novel system for segmentation refine-ment, which allows for interactive correction of surface models generated from imperfect automatic segmentations of arbitrary volumetric data. The proposed approach is based on a deformable surface model allowing interactive manipulation with a hybrid user interface consisting of an immersive stereoscopic display and a Tablet PC. The user interface features visualization methods and manipulation tools specifically designed for quick inspection and correction of typical defects resulting from automated segmentation of medical datasets. A number of experiments show that typical segmentation problems can be fixed within a few minutes using the system, while maintaining real-time responsiveness of the system.
Effects of metal fences on the scan performance of an infinite dipole array (1990)

A theoretical method is presented to investigate the scan characteristics of a dipole array in the presence of thin metal fences along the H-plane. The basic idea of the analysis is to determine the current distribution on the dipole which interacts with the metal fence in the unit cell, so that the active impedance of the element can be computed. This was accomplished by using the moment method and imposing the boundary conditions on the tangential electric fields along the dipole and the metal fence. Since the scan performance in the H-plane is not affected by the fences, the discussion is concentrated on the E-plane behavior. It was found that for a given element spacing and dipole geometry there is an optimum fence height at which the E-plane performance can be most improved. For a typical dipole array geometry the optimum fence height is about 0.4 lambda . It was thought that when the fences are to high and the beam is scanned too far from broadside, transverse magnetic (TM) surface waves propagating in the E-plane direction near the corrugated plane would be excited. However, no such sensitive cases were encountered in the study.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
White-Box Cryptography: Security in an Insecure Environment (2016)

Public cryptographic implementations work when the secret key is stored in a tightly secured environment. But what happens if adversaries penetrate that environment? Although many hardware countermeasures aim to keep adversaries at bay, white-box cryptography can provide yet another layer of protection at the software level.
Studies on grafting glycidyl methacrylate on polyvinyl chloride backbones (1962)

Abstract Graft copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate on polyvinyl chloride backbones were prepared by the free radical technique. Three types of backbones were used: ( 1 ) vinyl chloride homopolymer; ( 2 ) copolymer of vinyl chloride–vinyl acetate, 87:13; ( 3 ) copolymer of vinyl chloride–vinylidene chloride, 89:11. The grafting reactions resulted in products with lower intrinsic viscosities than the unreacted backbones. The graft copolymers were fractionated with the separation of glycidyl methacrylate homopolymers from the rest of the graft products. Unreacted backbones were separated through gelation of all the epirane‐bearing chains. Structure proof was conducted by chemical cleavage of the grafted side chains by reduction with LiAlH 4 and through acid hydrolysis.
Highly Specific Dual Enzyme-Mediated Payload Release from Peptide-Coated Silica Particles (2010)

Stimuli-responsive gate mechanisms offer potential for the controlled passage of payload molecules from a porous carrier vehicle on-demand. We describe a method for the enzyme-mediated release of macromolecular guest molecules from inorganic silica particles coated with a bioactive peptide shell, synthesized precisely by Fmoc chemistry. Specific enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptide shell removes the bulky peptide-terminated Fmoc groups, permitting the selective release of previously entrapped guest molecules.
Vehicle trajectory prediction based on motion model and maneuver recognition (2013)

Predicting other traffic participants trajectories is a crucial task for an autonomous vehicle, in order to avoid collisions on its planned trajectory. It is also necessary for many Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, where the ego-vehicle's trajectory has to be predicted too. Even if trajectory prediction is not a deterministic task, it is possible to point out the most likely trajectory. This paper presents a new trajectory prediction method which combines a trajectory prediction based on Constant Yaw Rate and Acceleration motion model and a trajectory prediction based on maneuver recognition. It takes benefit on the accuracy of both predictions respectively a short-term and long-term. The defined Maneuver Recognition Module selects the current maneuver from a predefined set by comparing the center lines of the road's lanes to a local curvilinear model of the path of the vehicle. The overall approach was tested on prerecorded human real driving data and results show that the Maneuver Recognition Module has a high success rate and that the final trajectory prediction has a better accuracy.
Intranasal Neuropeptide Administration To Target the Human Brain in Health and Disease (2015)

Central nervous system control of metabolic function relies on the input of endocrine messengers from the periphery, including the pancreatic hormone insulin and the adipokine leptin. This concept primarily derives from experiments in animals where substances can be directly applied to the brain. A feasible approach to study the impact of peptidergic messengers on brain function in humans is the intranasal (IN) route of administration, which bypasses the blood-brain barrier and delivers neuropeptides to the brain compartment, but induces considerably less, if any, peripheral uptake than other administration modes. Experimental IN insulin administration has been extensively used to delineate the role of brain insulin signaling in the control of energy homeostasis, but also cognitive function in healthy humans. Clinical pilot studies have found beneficial effects of IN insulin in patients with memory deficits, suggesting that the IN delivery of this and other peptides bears some promise for new, selectively brain-targeted pharmaceutical approaches in the treatment of metabolic and cognitive disorders. More recently, experiments relying on the IN delivery of the hypothalamic hormone oxytocin, which is primarily known for its involvement in psychosocial processes, have provided evidence that oxytocin influences metabolic control in humans. The IN administration of leptin has been successfully tested in animal models but remains to be investigated in the human setting. We briefly summarize the literature on the IN administration of insulin, leptin, and oxytocin, with a particular focus on metabolic effects, and address limitations and perspectives of IN neuropeptide administration.
Robust and flexible tunnel management for secure private cloud (2013)

Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. It provides a flexible way to extend the working environment. Since the business process that working on them could be critical, it is important to provide a secure environment for organizations to execute those processes. While user mobility has become an important feature for many systems, technologies that provide users a lower cost and flexible way in joining a secure private cloud are in a strong demand. This paper exploits the key management mechanisms to have secured tunnels with private cloud for users who might move around dynamically without carrying the same machine. A strong authentication with a key agreement scheme is proposed to establish the secure tunnel. Furthermore, the proposed framework also provides mutual authentication, session key renewal between the users and the cloud server. Several related security properties of the proposed mechanism are also presented.