gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amplified Collaboration Environments (2002)

Amplified Collaboration Environments are distributed extensions of traditional warrooms or project-rooms, in which a group of people collect to intensely solve a problem together. Prior work in project-rooms has been mainly restricted to co-located groups. The technology is now available to realize affordable collaboratoriums that can support intensive work between distributed organizations. This paper describes the Continuum, an Amplified Collaboration Environment specifically targeted for supporting collaborative scientific investigation. 1 Introduction Warrooms or Project-rooms such as the ones shown in Figure 1 are rooms in which a group of people co- locate over a period of several days to months to solve a problem together. The rooms consist of numerous whiteboards, flipcharts, and corkboards on which the members of the group may post information during the course of a meeting. These meeting artifacts are kept persistent during the course of the campaign so that group members can refer back to them from time to time. Examples of applications of project-rooms include: emergency response management; group planning for product launch deadlines; brainstorming; and analysis of large data sets. Prior research (Olson98, Covi98, Teasley00) has shown that in some cases productivity can be enhanced by as much as two-fold when working in these concentrated collaboration scenarios. Amplified Collaboration Environments are an evolution of project-rooms that take advantage of two trends- firstly, scientists can no longer work alone- they must work together to make significant gains in their fields; secondly, powerful computing, networking and display technologies are becoming highly affordable commodities. National Science Foundation initiatives that are embracing these trends include the Grid Physics Network (GriPhyN); Earthscope- for gathering high resolution seismometer data in the entire U.S.; and the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES). The goal of Amplified Collaboration Environments (ACE) is to provide a future-generation collaboratorium for scientific investigation, by augmenting the traditional concept of the project-room with technologies that permit distributed scientists to reap, and preferably exceed the benefits of traditional co-located project-rooms. In designing an ACE one first has to understand the characteristics of the traditional project-room that has made them so effective. These characteristics include:
Modification of fibrin matrix formation in situ enhances nerve regeneration in silicone chambers (1985)

The spatial-temporal progress of nerve regeneration was examined in silicone chambers of three different volume capacities: 11, 25, and 75 microliter. In all chambers, the stumps of a transected rat sciatic nerve were sutured into the ends of the chamber leaving a 10 mm gap between the stumps. Chambers were implanted empty (E chambers) or prefilled with saline (PF chambers). A coaxial and continuous fibrin matrix had formed in all chambers by 1 week. In E chambers, the matrices had a proximal-distal taper that was more pronounced in E25 and E75 chambers due to significantly larger matrix diameters in the proximal region. At 3 weeks, vascular and Schwann cell migration and axonal regeneration were less advanced in the E25 and E75 than in the control E11 chambers. The retardation correlated with the presence of an avascular organization of circumferential cells. Saline prefilling affected the caliber and density of fibrin fibers in the 1 week matrices of PF25 and PF75 chambers. The matrices did not have a prominent taper and diameters were progressively larger with increasing chamber volume. Saline prefilling did not affect regeneration progress in 3 week PF11 chambers but did enhance regeneration in the PF25 chambers; a 1.5-fold larger diameter nerve formed at 3 weeks that contained 2.6-fold more axons. Progress in the PF75 chamber was retarded. We conclude that the volume, timing, and nature of the fluid filling a silicone chamber have significant influence on the formation of fibrin matrices. Alterations in matrix formation correlate with substantial changes in the subsequent progress of intrachamber regeneration events.
Dynamic software updates (2009)

Software evolves to fix bugs and add features. Stopping and restarting programs to apply changes is inconvenient and often costly. Dynamic software updating (DSU) addresses this problem by updating programs while they execute, but existing DSU systems for managed languages do not support many updates that occur in practice and are inefficient. This paper presents the design and implementation of Jvolve, a DSU-enhanced Java VM. Updated programs may add, delete, and replace fields and methods anywhere within the class hierarchy. Jvolve implements these updates by adding to and coordinating VM classloading, just-in-time compilation, scheduling, return barriers, on-stack replacement, and garbage collection. Jvolve, is safe: its use of bytecode verification and VM thread synchronization ensures that an update will always produce type-correct executions. Jvolve is flexible: it can support 20 of 22 updates to three open-source programs--Jetty web server, JavaEmailServer, and CrossFTP server--based on actual releases occurring over 1 to 2 years. Jvolve is efficient: performance experiments show that incurs no overhead during steady-state execution. These results demonstrate that this work is a significant step towards practical support for dynamic updates in virtual machines for managed languages.
Sub-30nm scaling and high-speed operation of fully-confined Access-Devices for 3D crosspoint memory based on mixed-ionic-electronic-conduction (MIEC) materials (2012)

BEOL-friendly Access Devices (AD) based on Cu-containing MIEC materials [1-3] are shown to scale to the <;30nm CDs and <;12nm thicknesses found in advanced technology nodes. Switching speeds at the high (>100uA) currents of NVM writes can reach 15ns; NVM reads at typical (~5uA) current levels can be ≪1usec.
An Experimental Investigation of Burn Injury in Living Tissue (1976)

The effects of thermal insult on living tissue have been studied by direct microscopic observation of the circulatory system’s response to a controlled trauma regimen. An experimental apparatus has been developed which utilizes a unique high and low temperature stage in conjunction with a precision thermal control system to examine the injury process in the microcirculation of the golden hamster cheek pouch. Unique features of this experimental apparatus are: (1) continuous monitoring of the injury processes at the cellular level, (2) capability for quantitative assay of thermal injury, (3) precise control over the thermal parameters that govern injury, (4) versatility in isolating the effects of these individual parameters. The important thermal parameters monitored using this experimental procedure are the time rates of change of temperature during burning and cooling, the maximum temperature reached, and the length of time the tissue was held at this temperature. With this type of experimental apparatus any portion of the burn protocol, such as the maximum temperature reached during burning, may be varied while holding all other parameters constant. It is well documented that the microvascular bed is a primary site for manifestation of burn wound injury. Burn injury occurs as a consequence of rate dependent physiochemical processes, and, therefore, develops over a finite period of time subsequent to trauma. The experimental technique is designed to determine the gross response of the microvascular system to burn trauma. Initial investigations on burn injury have demonstrated a direct dependency of the extent of damage upon both the maximum temperature attained and the duration of exposure. The minimum temperature required to produce stasis within 20 s after completion of the burn in 95 ±5 percent of the microcirculation decreased exponentially with burn duration between the extremes of 85°C for 1 s exposure and 60°C for 100 s exposure.
<title>Study on a stereoscopic display system employing eye-position tracking for multi-viewers</title> (1994)

We propose a new autostereoscopic display system employing an eye-position tracking technique for multi-viewers who do not need to wear 3-D glasses. We also describe the developed stereoscopic projectors and the lenticular screen design for this system. In this system, the 3-D screen consists of two lenticular screens and a diffusion layer. Each 3-D projector that corresponds to a viewer consists of two projectors for right and left images. The viewer's positions are detected, and the 3-D projector moves according to the viewer's movement.
Aortic remodelling during hemogenesis: is the chicken paradigm unique? (2010)

Since the era of the ancient Egyptians and Greeks, the avian embryo has been a subject of intense interest to visualize the first steps of development. It has served as a pioneer model to scrutinize the question of hematopoietic development from the beginning of the 20th century. It's large size and easy accessibility have permitted the development of techniques dedicated to following the origins and fates of different cell populations. Here, we shall review how the avian model has brought major contributions to our understanding of the development of the hematopoietic system in the past four decades and how these discoveries have influenced our knowledge of mammalian hematopoietic development. The discovery of an intra-embryonic source of hematopoietic cells and the developmental link between endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells will be presented. We shall then point to the pivotal role of the somite in the construction of the aorta and hematopoietic production and demonstrate how two somitic compartments cooperate to construct the definitive aorta. We shall finish by showing how fate-mapping experiments have allowed the identification of the tissue which gives rise to the sub-aortic mesenchyme. Taken together, this review aims to give an overview of how and to what extent the avian embryo has contributed to our knowledge of developmental hematopoiesis.
Evaluation of a BVH Construction Accelerator Architecture for High-Quality Visualization (2017)

The ever-increasing demands of computer graphics applications have motivated the evolution of computer graphics hardware over the last 20 years. Early commodity graphics hardware was largely based on fixed-function components offering little flexibility. The gradual replacement of fixed-function hardware with more general-purpose instruction processors, has enabled GPUs to deliver visual experiences more tailored to specific applications. This trend has culminated in modern GPUs essentially being programmable stream processors, capable of supporting a wide variety of applications in and outside of computer graphics. However, the growing concern of power efficiency in modern processors, coupled with an increasing demand for supporting next-generation graphics pipelines, has re-invigorated the debate on the use of fixed-function accelerators in these platforms. In this paper, we conduct a study of a heterogeneous, system-on-chip solution for the construction of a highly important data structure for computer graphics: the bounding volume hierarchy. This design incorporates conventional CPU cores alongside a fixed-function accelerator prototyped on a reconfigurable logic fabric. Our study supports earlier, simulation-only studies which argue for the introduction of this class of accelerator in future graphics processors.
The Gene Expression of the Amiloride-sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel α-Subunit Is Regulated by Antagonistic Effects between Glucocorticoid Hormone and Ras Pathways in Salivary Epithelial Cells (1999)

The functional expression of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in select epithelia is critical for maintaining electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. Although ENaC activity is strictly dependent upon its alpha-subunit expression, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which cells modulate alpha-ENaC gene expression. Previously, we have shown that salivary alpha-ENaC expression is transcriptionally repressed by the activation of Raf/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway. Here, this work further investigates the molecular mechanism(s) by which alpha-ENaC expression is regulated in salivary epithelial Pa-4 cells. A region located between -1.5 and -1.0 kilobase pairs of the alpha-ENaC 5'-flanking region is demonstrated to be indispensable for the maximal and Ras-repressible reporter expression. Deletional analyses using heterologous promoter constructs reveal that a DNA sequence between -1355 and -1269 base pairs functions as an enhancer conferring the high level of expression on reporter constructs, and this induction effect is inhibited by Ras pathway activation. Mutational analyses indicate that full induction and Ras-mediated repression require a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) located between -1323 and -1309 base pairs. The identified alpha-ENaC GRE encompassing sequence (-1334/-1306) is sufficient to confer glucocorticoid receptor/dexamethasone-dependent and Ras-repressible expression on both heterologous and homologous promoters. This report demon- strates for the first time that the cross-talk between glucocorticoid receptor and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways results in an antagonistic effect at the transcriptional level to modulate alpha-ENaC expression through the identified GRE. In summary, this study presents a mechanism by which alpha-ENaC expression is regulated in salivary epithelial cells.
Individual Film Wrapping of Fresh Florida Cucumbers, Eggplant, Peppers, and Tomatoes for Extending Shelf Life (1986)

Individual wrapping of fresh fruits and vegetables in heat-shrinkable film has gained widespread interest in the past several years. Several Florida fresh vegetables, namely cucumbers, eggplant, peppers, and tomatoes, have been studied to evaluate their response to a film wrapped environment Generally, film wrapping will reduce weight loss, maintain firmness, reduce color development of peppers and tomatoes; film wrapping has a varied effect on decay development depending on the type of decay organism and produce item. The use of a fungicide coated onto the film may provide partial control for some types of decays. The main decay problem with many Florida vegetables is bacterial soft rot, a decay known to be difficult to control.
Role of Mechanosensory Stimuli in Intraspecific Agonistic Encounters of the Snapping Shrimp (Alpheus heterochaelis) (1998)

Intraspecific agonistic encounters in snapping shrimp (Alpheus heterochaelis) were analyzed using single-frame video analysis. The pair of conspecifics in such an encounter are designated as the snapper, which emits a fast water jet by very rapid closure, or snap, of the large modified snapper claw, and the receiver, which is the target of the water jet. The behavior of both snapper and receiver was evaluated before, during, and after the snap. Interactions between two intact shrimp (experimental series I) were compared with those between an intact shrimp and a "deprived" opponent (one with mechanosensory occlusion produced by coating the setae on the snapper claw with clear lacquer) (experimental series II). The behavior of the receiver is significantly changed by the occlusion, but that of the snapper is not. Intact and deprived opponents usually face each other during snapping, which is often preceded by touching of frontal appendages. The mean duration of claw cocking before snapping is about 500 ms. More than 50% of all snaps (and especially initial snaps) are directed towards the opponent, the water jet usually hitting the snapper claw of the receiver from a mean distance of 0.9 cm. Male shrimp show longer cocking durations, keep a shorter distance, and hit their opponents more often than do females. Intact and deprived snappers usually retreat immediately after snapping, but intact receivers usually approach. In contrast, deprived receivers retreat in most cases and show significantly prolonged latencies compared to intact receivers. Thus, mechanoreceptors on the snapper claw of the receiver play a significant role in intraspecific agonistic encounters.
Dynamin GTPase Domain Mutants Block Endocytic Vesicle Formation at Morphologically Distinct Stages (2001)

Abundant evidence has shown that the GTPase dynamin is required for receptor-mediated endocytosis, but its exact role in endocytic clathrin-coated vesicle formation remains to be established. Whereas dynamin GTPase domain mutants that are defective in GTP binding and hydrolysis are potent dominant-negative inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis, overexpression of dynamin GTPase effector domain (GED) mutants that are selectively defective in assembly-stimulated GTPase-activating protein activity can stimulate the formation of constricted coated pits and receptor-mediated endocytosis. These apparently conflicting results suggest that a complex relationship exists between dynamin's GTPase cycle of binding and hydrolysis and its role in endocytic coated vesicle formation. We sought to explore this complex relationship by generating dynamin GTPase mutants predicted to be defective at distinct stages of its GTPase cycle and examining the structural intermediates that accumulate in cells overexpressing these mutants. We report that the effects of nucleotide-binding domain mutants on dynamin's GTPase cycle in vitro are not as predicted by comparison to other GTPase superfamily members. Specifically, GTP and GDP association was destabilized for each of the GTPase domain mutants we analyzed. Nonetheless, we find that overexpression of dynamin mutants with subtle differences in their GTPase properties can lead to the accumulation of distinct intermediates in endocytic coated vesicle formation.
Performance of fast monolithic ECL voltage comparators in constant-fraction discriminators and other timing circuits (1988)

Timing errors caused by voltage comparator operation are investigated in detail for constant-fraction discriminators and other timing circuits. These errors result from changing comparator response time for input signals with different slopes (voltage/time) and different levels. Comparator response time is analyzed for a modern high-speed ECL voltage comparator using the SPICE circuit analysis program, which models the complex nonlinearities present in comparator operation. The simulated response time for a -90-mV to 10-mV step input is slightly larger than the specified comparator performance, indicating a conservative analysis. Response time is presented for a variety of input signals and supports a comparator response-time model that consists of a charge-sensitivity (variable-time) delay component and a fixed-delay component SPICE circuit simulation is extended to simulate comparator operation in a constant-fraction discriminator circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Processing electrocardiograms towards respiratory signals (1988)

A report is presented on observations and preliminary experiments pertinent to the deduction of respiratory waveforms from electrocardiographic (EKG) traces by interpolating the values of the direction of cardiac electrical axis. Respiratory waveforms were deducted by considering the electrical axis of either the QRS-complex or the T-wave. The most significant result was obtained when, starting from an EKG trace, the authors were able to plot curves that were very close to the respiration curve obtained from a belt impedancemeter. This result indicates that the objective can be obtained. Other results concern difficulties in reconstruction. Among those are bradicardiac conditions, presence of misestimated samples, presence of rhythm disorders on EKG, and arrhythmias.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of ANIT-Induced Toxicity using Precision-Cut Rat and Dog Liver Slices Cultured in a Dynamic Organ Roller System (2006)

This article describes the toxicity of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), a compound known to induce dose-dependent hepatobiliary toxicity in vivo, using the slice model. Liver slices (200 microm thick) from male Sprague-Dawley rats and male beagle dogs were cultured for 7 days while exposed to a range of ANIT concentrations (1- 100 microM for rat and 4-320 microM for dog). Tissues (and medium for dog) were evaluated using a panel of clinically relevant biomarkers for liver and histological endpoints to assess viability and proliferation. ANIT increased slice levels of enzyme biomarkers corresponding to biliary markers. At high concentrations (80-100 microM for rat, 320 microM for dog) a diminution of tissue enzyme levels was observed, corresponding to severe hepatobiliary injury. By days 5 and 7, biochemical markers in the medium of dog slices indicated an elevation of hepatocellular and biliary markers. Histologically for both species, minimal hepatocellular injury was noted, but proliferation of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) was observed using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunostaining. In rat slices, ANIT increased the expression of inducible nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS) within 12 hrs of exposure. In summary, additional experimentation using slice culture may further demonstrate its value in screening compounds that cause hepatobiliary toxicity.
Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning with Application to Quadruped Locomotion (2007)

We consider apprenticeship learning—learning from expert demonstrations—in the setting of large, complex domains. Past work in apprenticeship learning requires that the expert demonstrate complete trajectories through the domain. However, in many problems even an expert has difficulty controlling the system, which makes this approach infeasible. For example, consider the task of teaching a quadruped robot to navigate over extreme terrain; demonstrating an optimal policy (i.e., an optimal set of foot locations over the entire terrain) is a highly non-trivial task, even for an expert. In this paper we propose a method for hierarchical apprenticeship learning, which allows the algorithm to accept isolated advice at different hierarchical levels of the control task. This type of advice is often feasible for experts to give, even if the expert is unable to demonstrate complete trajectories. This allows us to extend the apprenticeship learning paradigm to much larger, more challenging domains. In particular, in this paper we apply the hierarchical apprenticeship learning algorithm to the task of quadruped locomotion over extreme terrain, and achieve, to the best of our knowledge, results superior to any previously published work. 1
The Similarity Metric (2004)

A new class of distances appropriate for measuring similarity relations between sequences, say one type of similarity per distance, is studied. We propose a new "normalized information distance," based on the noncomputable notion of Kolmogorov complexity, and show that it is in this class and it minorizes every computable distance in the class (that is, it is universal in that it discovers all computable similarities). We demonstrate that it is a metric and call it the similarity metric . This theory forms the foundation for a new practical tool. To evidence generality and robustness, we give two distinctive applications in widely divergent areas using standard compression programs like gzip and GenCompress. First, we compare whole mitochondrial genomes and infer their evolutionary history. This results in a first completely automatic computed whole mitochondrial phylogeny tree. Secondly, we fully automatically compute the language tree of 52 different languages.