gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The AIB1 Oncogene Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis by Activation of PEA3-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 Expression (2008)

Amplified-in-breast cancer 1 (AIB1) is an overexpressed transcriptional coactivator in breast cancer. Although overproduced AIB1 is oncogenic, its role and underlying mechanisms in metastasis remain unclear. Here, mammary tumorigenesis and lung metastasis were investigated in wild-type (WT) and AIB1(-/-) mice harboring the mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T (PyMT) transgene. All WT/PyMT mice developed massive lung metastasis, but AIB1(-/-)/PyMT mice with comparable mammary tumors had significantly less lung metastasis. The recipient mice with transplanted AIB1(-/-)/PyMT tumors also had much less lung metastasis than the recipient mice with transplanted WT/PyMT tumors. WT/PyMT tumor cells expressed mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and N-cadherin, migrated and invaded rapidly, and formed disorganized cellular masses in three-dimensional cultures. In contrast, AIB1(-/-)/PyMT tumor cells maintained epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and ZO-1, migrated and invaded slowly, and still formed polarized acinar structures in three-dimensional cultures. Molecular analyses revealed that AIB1 served as a PEA3 coactivator and formed complexes with PEA3 on matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 promoters to enhance their expression in both mouse and human breast cancer cells. In 560 human breast tumors, AIB1 expression was found to be positively associated with PEA3, MMP2, and MMP9. These findings suggest a new alternative strategy for controlling the deleterious roles of these MMPs in breast cancer by inhibiting their upstream coregulator AIB1.
Studies of GH Secretion in Mice by a Homologous Radioimmunoassay for Mouse GH1 (1972)

A sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay for mouse GH capable of measuring concentrations of GH as low as 1 ng/ml of mouse serum has been developed. This assay has been used to study GH secretion in C3H mice under several physiological conditions. Newborn mice possessed very high concentration of GH in serum which persisted for two weeks. Adult male mice had more GH in their pituitary (66.9 μg/mg) and serum (12.0 ng/ml) than comparable females (48.9 μg/mg; 3.4 ng/ml). Ovariectomy in female mice increased pituitary and serum concentrations of GH to male levels whereas stilbestrol administration decreased it. Orchiectomy or stilbestrol treatment of male mice resulted in decreased GH levels. During the estrous cycle, maximum levels of GH were attained during proestrus. Insulininduced hypoglycemia or treatment with L—dopa failed to induce rise in serum concentrations of GH in mice.(Endocrinology91: 784, 1972)
Minimizing Skin Scarring through Biomaterial Design (2017)

Wound healing continues to be a major burden to patients, though research in the field has expanded significantly. Due to an aging population and increasing comorbid conditions, the cost of chronic wounds is expected to increase for patients and the U.S. healthcare system alike. With this knowledge, the number of engineered products to facilitate wound healing has also increased dramatically, with some already in clinical use. In this review, the major biomaterials used to facilitate skin wound healing will be examined, with particular attention allocated to the science behind their development. Experimental therapies will also be evaluated.
Quantum and classical statistics of the electromagnetic zero-point field (1996)

A classical electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF) analog of the vacuum of quantum field theory has formed the basis for theoretical investigations in the discipline known as random or stochastic electrodynamics (SED). In SED the statistical character of quantum measurements is imitated by the introduction of a stochastic classical background electromagnetic field. Random electromagnetic fluctuations are assumed to provide perturbations which can mimic certain quantum phenomena while retaining a purely classical basis, e.g., the Casimir force, the van der Waals force, the Lamb shift, spontaneous emission, the rms radius of a quantum-mechanical harmonic oscillator, and the radius of the Bohr atom. This classical ZPF is represented as a homogeneous, isotropic ensemble of plane electromagnetic waves whose amplitude is exactly equivalent to an excitation energy of h\ensuremath{\nu}/2 of the corresponding quantized harmonic oscillator, this being the state of zero excitation of such an oscillator. There is thus no randomness in the classical electric-field amplitudes: Randomness is introduced entirely in the phases of the waves, which are normally distributed. Averaging over the random phases is assumed to be equivalent to taking the ground-state expectation values of the corresponding quantum operator. We demonstrate that this is not precisely correct by examining the statistics of the classical ZPF in contrast to that of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Starting with a general technique for the calculation of classical probability distributions for quantum state operators, we derive the distribution for the individual modes of the electric-field amplitude in the ground state as predicted by quantum field theory. We carry out the same calculation for the classical ZPF analog, and show that the distributions are only in approximate agreement, diverging as the density of k states decreases. We then introduce an alternative classical ZPF with a different stochastic character, and demonstrate that it can exactly reproduce the statistics of the electromagnetic vacuum of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Incorporating this field into SED, it is shown that the full probability distribution for the amplitude of the ground state of a quantum-mechanical harmonic oscillator can be derived within a classical framework. This should lead to the possibility of developing further successful correspondences between SED and QED. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids from <i>Winchia </i><i>c</i><i>alophylla</i> (2005)

Three new indole alkaloids, N(4)-demethyl-12-methoxyalstogustine (1), 17-carboxyl-N(4)-methylechitamidine chloride (2), and 17-carboxyl-12-methoxy-N(4)-methylechitamidine chloride (3), along with 15 known alkaloids, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Winchia calophylla. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic means and chemical methods. The determination of relative configurations at C-19 and C-20 for 1-3 was aided by 13C NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of alkaloids 1-3 were determined by direct comparison of their CD spectra with those of known alkaloids. All the alkaloids were tested in cytotoxic assays against P-388 and A-549 tumor cell lines, and only two of them showed weak activity against the A-549 cell line.
Obligations for Role Based Access Control (2007)

Role based access control has been widely researched in security critical systems. Conventional role based access control is a passive model, which makes authorization decisions on requests, and the authorization decisions contain only information about whether the corresponding requests are authorised or denied. One of the potential improvements for role based access control is the augmentation of obligations, where obligations are tasks and requirements to be fulfilled before, after or together with the enforcement of the authorization decisions. This paper conducts a literature review of role based access control and obligation related research, and proposes a design for the augmentation of obligations in the context of the RBAC standard. The design is then validated by implementation in the PERMIS RBAC authorization infrastructure. The paper also discusses the possible nondeterminism caused by overlapping authorisations.
Left Ventricular Electromechanical Mapping to Assess Efficacy of phVEGF <sub>165</sub> Gene Transfer for Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Chronic Myocardial Ischemia (2000)

The results of EMM constitute objective evidence that phVEGF(165) GTx augments perfusion of ischemic myocardium. These findings, together with reduction in the size of the defects documented at rest by serial single-photon emission CT-sestamibi imaging, suggest that phVEGF(165) GTx may successfully rescue foci of hibernating myocardium.
Towards Robust Multi-Layer Traffic Engineering: Optimization of Congestion Control and Routing (2007)

In the Internet today, traffic engineering is performed assuming that the offered traffic is inelastic. In reality, end hosts adapt their sending rates to network congestion, and network operators adapt the routing to the measured traffic. This raises the question of whether the joint system of congestion control (transport layer) and routing (network layer) is stable and optimal. Using the established optimization models for TCP and traffic engineering as a basis, we find the joint system can be stablized and often maximizes aggregate user utility. We prove that both stability and optimality of the joint system can be guaranteed for sufficiently elastic traffic simply by tuning the cost function used for traffic engineering. Then, we present a new algorithm that adapts on a smaller timescale to changes in traffic distribution and is more robust to large traffic bursts. Uniting the network and transport layers in a multi-layer approach, this algorithm, Distributed Adaptive Traffic Engineering (DATE), jointly optimizes the goals of end users and network operators and reacts quickly to avoid bottlenecks. Simulations demonstrate that DATE converges quickly.
Crystal structure of (μ-acetato-0,0')(μ-hydroxo)bis(diammine)platinum(II)nitrate,CH3COOPt2OH)NH3)2NO3 (1998)

Article Crystal structure of (μ-acetato-0,0')(μ-hydroxo)bis(diammine)platinum(II)nitrate,CH3COOPt2OH)NH3)2NO3 was published on April 1, 1998 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 213, issue 1-4).
SOME BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (1953)

Some effects of ionizing radiation on mitosis are described. The effects of X-and γ-rays on desoxyribonucleic acid and investigations into the mechanism of these effects are reviewed.
Effects of pretreatment with mydriatics on intraocular penetration of 0.1% pranoprofen. (1993)

The mechanism by which an increase in the intraocular concentration of topically applied 0.1% pranoprofen (PPF) is induced by pretreatment with Mydrin P (0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine) was studied in rabbit eyes. In separate experiments, solutions of each of the various ingredients contained in Mydrin P ophthalmic solution were applied 60 minutes prior to instillation of PPF. Ninety minutes after PPF instillation, its concentration in the cornea, aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. PPF concentration was not increased by pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride, chlorobutanol or tropicamide, but was increased by pretreatment with phenylephrine (PHE). After the latter, the PPF concentration was 2 to 3 times higher than that obtained without Mydrin P. It is noteworthy that the concentration of PHE in the aqueous humor also was found to be increased about 3 times in the presence of PPF. The lipophilicity of PPF, judged by the octanol/buffer partition coefficient, was increased when mixed with PHE. These findings indicate that the increase in intraocular PPF concentration after pretreatment with Mydrin P was caused by PHE. This may be attributable to the enhancement of corneal permeability to PPF resulting from formation of an ion-pair complex between the anionic PPF and the cationic PHE.
Hannah Arendt, el pensamiento y el mal (2017)

In this article, the analysis of two central concepts of the work of Hannah Arendt: the radical evil and the bana-lity of evil is realized. In development, the relationships between the conditions of the moral being and the poli-tical being are explored. The main thesis holds that the emergence of radical evil in the history of the twentieth century excludes the political action of human relations and that the political is born in the plurality of human relations, and its destruction has to do with unreflective attitude, To think and judge one’s own actions and those of other people; However, the political sphere can be protected if people reaffirm their difference if they are able to find themselves in the activity of thought, at least in certain moments of social crisis. Thought may not pro-tect men from evil, but it does maintain the condition of human plurality.
An efficient piezoelectric energy-harvesting interface circuit using a bias-flip rectifier and shared inductor (2009)

Energy harvesting is an emerging technology with applications to handheld, portable and implantable electronics. Harvesting ambient vibration energy through piezoelectric (PE) means is a popular energy harvesting technique that can potentially supply 10 to 100's of muW of available power. One of the limitations of existing PE harvesters is in their interface circuitry. Commonly used full-bridge rectifiers and voltage doublers severely limit the electrical power extractable from a PE harvesting element. Further, the power consumed in the control circuits of these harvesters reduces the amount of usable electrical power. In this paper, a bias-flip rectifier that can improve upon the power extraction capability of existing full-bridge rectifiers by up to 4.2times is presented. An efficient control circuit with embedded DC-DC converters that can share their filter inductor with the bias-flip rectifier thereby reducing the volume and component count of the overall solution is demonstrated. The circuit diagram and figures are also given.
What is a Dieulafoy Ulcer—Relationship between Dieulafoy Ulcer and Ul‐II Ulcer (1993)

Abstract: A Dieulafoy ulcer is defined as a gastric ulcer with a massive hemorrhage from a shallow circular depression with an eroded artery in the center. The disease entity has been variously described as Dieulafoy ulcer, exulceratio simplex, gastric aneurysm or submucosal vascular malformation. In this study, the relationship between Dieulafoy ulcers and hemorrhagic Ul‐II shallow solitary ulceration was investigated according to the macroscopic and histologic findings of the resected stomach. The hemorrhagic Ul‐II solitary ulcers resected were located on the upper or middle gastric body. Most of them were small sized (under 10 mm) ovoid ulcers, and had exposed (eroded) arteries on the ulcer floor. Histologically, the Ul‐II ulcers showed ulceration in the acute phase without fibrosis. We concluded that a Dieulafoy ulcer and hemorrhagic solitary Ul‐II ulcer are the same. In fact, a Dieulafoy ulcer has no special pathogenesis such as congenital abnormal vessels, aneurysm, etc.
Hydrogen generation in tru waste transportation packages (2000)

This document addresses hydrogen generation in TRU waste transportation packages. The potential sources of hydrogen generation are summarized with a special emphasis on radiolysis. After defining various TRU wastes according to groupings of material types, bounding radiolytic G-values are established for each waste type. Analytical methodologies are developed for prediction of hydrogen gas concentrations for various packaging configurations in which hydrogen generation is due to radiolysis. Representative examples are presented to illustrate how analytical procedures can be used to estimate the hydrogen concentration as a function of time. Methodologies and examples are also provided to show how the time to reach a flammable hydrogen concentration in the innermost confinement layer can be estimated. Finally, general guidelines for limiting the hydrogen generation in the payload and hydrogen accumulation in the innermost confinement layer are described.
Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub>Thin Film Doped with Silver (2003)

(Ge2Sb2Te5)100-XAgX films (where x=0∼3 at.%) with 100 nm thickness were deposited on natural-oxidized silicon wafer and glass substrates by dc magnetron co-sputtering of Ge2Sb2Te5 and Ag targets. The effects of Ag content on the optical properties of the (Ge2Sb2Te5)100-XAgX film were examined by X-ray diffraction, reflectivity and crystalline temperature analysis. It was found that the reflectivity and thermal properties of the Ge2Sb2Te5 film could be improved by doping a small amount of Ag in the Ge2Sb2Te5 film. The crystallization activity energy of the film decreased as the Ag content was increased. However, the crystalline temperature of the film increased with Ag content. The phase-transition temperature of the fcc to hcp phase increased to at least 450°C as x>0.3. We found that the contrast of (Ge2Sb2Te5)98.2Ag1.8 film is suitable for blue laser wavelength recording.
Face-graph matching for classifying groups of people (2013)

When people gather for a group photo, they are together for a social reason. Past work has shown that these social relationships affect how people position themselves in a group photograph. We propose classifying the type of group photo based on the spatial arrangement and the predicted attributes of the faces in the image. We propose a matching algorithm for finding images from a training set that have both similar arrangement of faces and attribute correspondence. We formulate the problem as a bipartite matching problem where the faces from each of the pair of images are nodes in the graph. Our work demonstrates that face arrangement, when combined with attribute (age and gender) correspondence, is a useful cue in capturing an approximate social essence of the group of people, and lets us understand why the group of people gathered for the photo.
<title>Interactive 3-D segmentation</title> (1992)

Segmentation is a prerequisite for 3-D visualization of image volumes. It has turned out to be extremely difficult to formalize for automatic computation. We describe an interactive segmentation method that circumvents this difficulty by using low level segmentation tools, which are interactively controlled by a human user via 3-D display. Segmentation tools implemented so far are simple thresholding and morphological operations. The method has been implemented on a workstation under UNIX using an X-Window interface based on the OSF/MOTIF toolkit. It is shown with examples from different applications that this simple approach delivers good results in only a short amount of time.
Clinical Perspective of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (2011)

Since a 4-detector row coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) was launched in 1998, CCTA has experienced rapid improvement of imaging qualities with the ongoing evolution of computed tomography (CT) technology. The diagnostic accuracy of CCTA to detect coronary artery stenosis is well established, whereas improvements are still needed to reduce the overestimation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess plaque composition. CCTA has been used to evaluate CAD in various clinical settings. For example, CCTA could be an efficient initial triage tool at emergency departments for patients with acute chest pain with low-to-intermediate risk because of its high negative predictive value. In patients with suspected CAD, CCTA could be a cost-effective alternative to myocardial perfusion imaging and exercise electrocardiogram for the initial coronary evaluation of patients with intermediate pre-test likelihood suspected CAD. However, in asymptomatic populations, there is a lack of studies that show an improved prognostic power of CCTA over other modalities. Therefore, the clinical use of CCTA to detect CAD for purposes of risk stratification in asymptomatic individuals should be discouraged. As CT technology evolves, CCTA will provide better quality coronary imaging and non-coronary information with lower radiation exposure. Future studies should cover these ongoing technical improvements and evaluate the prognostic power of CCTA in various clinical settings of CAD in large, well-designed, randomized trials.
Lower Birth Weight and Visceral Fat Accumulation Are Related to Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Obese Japanese Children (2005)

This study aimed to reveal the relation of birth weight (or the birth weight standard deviation score [BWSDS]) and visceral fat accumulation to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. We examined obese Japanese children (650 boys and 317 girls) with a mean age of 10.3 years (range, 6-15 years). The mean percentage of overweight to the standard body weight of Japanese children was 52.1% in boys and 51.4% in girls. Abdominal fat thickness (maximum preperitoneal fat thickness; Pmax) was measured using ultrasonography. The fasting serum insulin and plasma glucose levels were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. We divided the subjects into four groups according to their birth weight or BWSDS, and compared anthropometric measurements, Pmax, blood pressure, serum insulin levels, HOMA-R and QUICKI among the quartiles. The relationships of both birth weight (or BWSDS) and Pmax to serum insulin levels (or HOMA-R, QUICKI) were examined with multiple regression analyses. The fasting serum insulin level and HOMA-R were highest in the quartile with the lowest birth weight or BWSDS. The birth weight and BWSDS were inversely related to the serum insulin levels and HOMA-R, positively related to QUICKI, and independent of Pmax. Our findings suggest that both lower birth weight and visceral fat accumulation may be independently related to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in obese Japanese children.
RNA Purification and Analysis: Sample Preparation, Extraction, Chromatography (2009)

RNA EXTRACTION, SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS The need to be able to extract, manipulate and analyze RNA Using chemical tools to solve the problem of analysis of biological problems The principle of chromatography and solid phase extraction RNA Chromatography Enzymatic treatment of RNA and analysis Content and organization of this book BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL RNA Why Classify RNA with biology and chemistry? Prokaryote cellular RNA Prokaryote sample type Eukaryote cellular RNA Eukaryote sample type Other Samples (Virus, Soil, Rock) Synthetic RNA RNA SEPARATION - SUBSTRATES, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, MECHANISMS AND CONTROL Solid phase interaction The solid phase substrate and attachment of functional groups Reverse phase ion pairing separation mechanism Ion exchange separation mechanism Chaotropic denaturing interaction mechanism Hybridization / SELEX Gel Filtration RNA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Transcription Translation Gene regulation Use of siRNA to investigate gene function RNA CHROMATOGRAPHY Development of RNA Chromatography RNA Chromatography instrumentation RNA Chromatography conditions Temperature modes of RNA Chromatography Comparison of gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography Analysis of human telomerase RNA under non denaturing conditions RNA CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS Features of RNA Chromatography Separation of double-stranded and single-stranded RNA Separation of cellular RNA species Separation of messenger RNA from total and ribosomal RNA Analysis of transfer RNA Chromatography and analysis of synthetic oligo ribonucleotides Application of RNA and DNA Chromatography in cDNA library synthesis Chromatography analyses of RT-PCR and competitive RT-PCR products Alternative splicing Differential messenger RNA display via RNA Chromatography RNA STRUCTURE-FUNCTION PROBING Definition of the Structure-function paradigm Structure determination of RNA Footprinting, model building and functional investigations APPENDIX Chromatographic Separation Equotations and Priciples for RNA Separation HPLC Instrumentation and Operation RNA Chromatographic System Cleaning and Passivation Treatment