gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chaos-based computation via chua's circuit: parallel computing with application to the SR flip-flop (2006)

This paper deals with chaos-based computing, that is, the exploitation of chaos to do flexible computations. In particular, this paper illustrates the parallel implementation of two combinatorial logic gates using a single Chua's circuit. Furthermore, a novel chaos-based sequential gate that behaves like the SR flip-flop is introduced.
Reduction of trans-dichloro- and trans-dibromo-tetracyanoplatinate(IV) by L-methionine (1997)

Reduction of trans-[Pt(CN) 4 X 2 ] 2- (X = Cl or Br) [as model compounds for antitumour-active platinum(IV) pro-drugs] to [Pt(CN) 4 ] 2- by L-methionine, MeSR, has been studied at 25 °C in the range 0 < pH < 12 (X = Cl) and 0 < pH < 6 (X = Br) by use of stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The stoichiometry is [Pt IV ]:[MeSR] ≈ 1: 1; the reaction products are methionine S-oxide and [Pt(CN) 4 ] 2- as identified by NMR and UV spectroscopies, respectively. The kinetics is first order with respect to the platinum(IV) and methionine concentrations and the second-order rate constants have a small pH dependence. In analogy with reduction of platinum(IV) complexes by thioglycolic acid, cysteine, penicillamine and glutathione, a mechanism is postulated in which [Pt(CN) 4 X 2 ] 2- is reduced by the various protolytic species of methionine in parallel reactions. In the transition state the thioether group of methionine is assumed to interact with co-ordinated halide, mediating the electron transfer to the platinum(IV) centre. The transition states for previously studied reactions between [Pt(CN) 4 X 2 ] 2- and thiols are discussed in view of these results. It is concluded that methionine-containing biomolecules may compete with thiol compounds for reduction of platinum(IV) pro-drugs under acidic conditions, and also in neutral solutions with low concentrations of thiol-containing biomolecules.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Cell Surface Receptors (2008)

Daily increasing evidence indicates that stem cells can be found in nearly every tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells, which reside in the bone marrow and other mesenchymal tissues. MSCs can be expanded to large numbers and can be driven into diverse mesenchymal cell lineages, including chondrocytes. Therefore, MSCs have attracted the attention of the biomedical community as very promising tools for repair of joint tissues, such as articular cartilage. This review will outline the MSC surface receptors and will focus on receptors that deliver important signals for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), receptors, chondrogenic differentiation, osteoarthritis (OA)
Protective effects of corticosteroids on cartilage lesions and osteophyte formation in the pond‐nuki dog model of osteoarthritis (1989)

The in vivo effects of corticosteroids on osteoarthritic (OA) lesions were examined in 12 dogs in which the anterior cruciate ligament had been sectioned. Six were treated with oral prednisone and 6 were treated with intraarticular (IA) injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), at surgery and 4 weeks later. Twelve other operated dogs received no treatment. All dogs were killed 8 weeks postsurgery. Four of 15 normal control dogs received IA TH injections. Operated untreated dogs developed significant cartilage lesions on the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus with prominent osteophytes. Operated dogs treated orally or with IA injections had a significant reduction in osteophyte size. Cartilage erosions on femoral condyles were observed in 25% of the untreated dogs, 8% of the dogs receiving oral prednisone, and none of the dogs receiving IA TH. In both groups of treated dogs, the size of the tibial plateau lesions was significantly reduced compared with the operated untreated dogs. Histologically, corticosteroids significantly reduced the severity of OA structural changes of the cartilage on both medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus in operated animals, with the exception of the lateral plateaus of those treated orally. In electron microscopy studies, we found no evidence of increased cell degeneration or death associated with steroids. IA corticosteroids had no deleterious effects on normal articular cartilage. These results indicate that glucocorticoids administered orally or intraarticularly are effective against the development of OA lesions in this model.
Measurement of localized specific absorption rate (SAR) for contactless smartcard readers operating in the HF band (1998)

This paper explores highly sensitive localized SAR measurement methods for contactless smartcard readers operating in the HF band, specifically 13.56 MHz. The design and calibration of a low-frequency E-field probe is described. A method for synthesizing simulated human tissue using a technique developed for measurement of the conductivity of liquids at the HF band is also presented. Finally, both the near-field and localized specific absorption rates are measured for a contactless smartcard reader and compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) maximum permissible exposure (MPE) and specific absorption rate (SAR) regulation is determined.
Reduction of acetoin to 2,3‐butanediol in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>: A new model (1983)

Fermentation of xylose by Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 8724, formerly known as Aerobacter aerogenes) carried out in our laboratory yields 2,3-butanediol as the major product. Experimental data obtained in this work cannot be explained by the model presently in the literature for the formation of 2,3-butanediol isomers from acetoin isomers. A new model is proposed with the existence of two acetoin reductases and an acetoin racemase. The two reductases were separated and their stereospecificity determined. Extension of the model of other microorganisms is discussed.
Residential emissions in Beijing: About 400 × 10 <sup>4</sup> t (2016)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Coumaphos disposal by combined microbial and UV-ozonation reactions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoumaphos disposal by combined microbial and UV-ozonation reactionsPhilip C. Kearney, Jeffrey S. Karns, Mark T. Muldoon, and John M. RuthCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 4, 702–706Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00070a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (664 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Involvement of the NF-κB pathway in multidrug resistance induced by HBx in a hepatoma cell line (2011)

It is widely believed that hepatocellular cancer (HCC), especially HBV associated HCC, is highly resistant to chemotherapy. To investigate the molecular influence of HBx protein on multidrug resistance (MDR) in HCC and the potential role of the NF-κB pathway in this process. We established HBx-expressing cells by liposome-mediated transfection of the HBx into the HepG2 cell line. We found that HBx expression in HCC cells induces drug resistance against multiple drugs, a significantly lower apoptosis ratio in HepG2-HBx and HepG2.2.15 cells, compared with HepG2 and HepG2-3.1 cells (P < 0.05) after treating with 5-FU or adriamycin. And compared with the control group, the HBx-transfected cells showed a higher expression of MDR-associated and anti-apoptotic genes. Furthermore, we found that the NF-κB activity was remarkably high in the HBx-expressing cells as measured by p65 nuclear localization. In addition, the upregulated anti-apoptotic genes, Gadd45b and Survivin, in HBx-expressing HCC cells were downregulated by IMD-0354 treatment, which is the NF-κB pathway inhibitor. Taken together, these results suggest that HBx protein might be one of the causes for the occurrence of MDR in HCC, and the NF-κB pathway might be involved in this change.
Annexins V and XII Insert into Bilayers at Mildly Acidic pH and Form Ion Channels (2000)

The functional hallmark of annexins is the ability to bind to the surface of phospholipid membranes in a reversible, Ca(2+)-dependent manner. We now report that human annexin V and hydra annexin XII reversibly bound to phospholipid vesicles in the absence of Ca(2+) at low pH; half-maximal vesicle association occurred at pH 5.3 and 5. 8, respectively. The following biochemical data support the hypothesis that these annexins insert into bilayers at mildly acidic pH. First, a photoactivatable reagent (3-trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[(125)I]iodophenyl)diazirine) which selectively labels proteins exposed to the hydrophobic domain of bilayers reacted with these annexins at pH 5.0 and below but not at neutral pH. Second, in a Triton X-114 partitioning assay, annexins V and XII act as integral membrane proteins at low pH and as hydrophilic proteins at neutral pH; in the presence of phospholipids half-maximal partitioning into detergent occurred at pH approximately 5.0. Finally, annexin V or XII formed single channels in phospholipid bilayers at low pH but not at neutral pH. A model is discussed in which the concentrations of H(+) and Ca(2+) regulate the reversible conversion of three forms of annexins-soluble, peripheral membrane, and transmembrane.
Synthesis and thermal cyclization reactions of methyl isocrotonate derivatives. (1987)

Methyl isocrotonate derivatives prepared from various 1, 2-ethylenediamines, ο-phenylenediamines, 2-aminoethanols or ο-aminophenols with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate were easily converted to pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrazines, pyrido [1, 2-a] quinoxalines, pyrido [2, 1-c] -1, 4-oxazines, pyrido- [2, 1-c] -1, 4-benzoxazines, respectively, and other cyclization compounds by means of thermal reactions.
Adaptive Blind Background Calibration of Polynomial-Represented Frequency Response Mismatches in a Two-Channel Time-Interleaved ADC (2010)

This paper introduces an adaptive calibration structure for the blind calibration of frequency response mismatches in a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC). By representing frequency response mismatches as polynomials, we can exploit slight oversampling to estimate the coefficients of the polynomials by using the filtered-X least-mean square (FxLMS) algorithm. Utilizing the coefficients in an adaptive structure, we can compensate frequency response mismatches including time offset and bandwidth mismatches. We develop an analytical framework for the calibration structure and analyze its performance. We show the efficiency of the calibration structure by simulations, where we include examples from the literature.
Functional modification of vascular endothelial cells by cytokines during septic shock. (1996)

The function of vascular endothelial cells is to adjust blood vessel tonus, which contributes to maintaining homeostasis within blood vessels. However, inflammatory cytokines are produced in response to invasion by stimulating vascular endothelial cells and sometimes lead to shock or multiple organ failure. In the present study, we assessed cytokines in sepsis and septic shock, and various factors that are said to have a damaging effect on vascular endothelium. Endotoxin was measured by endotoxin-specific methods. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endothelin-I was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Nitric oxide was measured as metabolites of nitrite and nitrate oxides (NOx) by a method based on the Griess method. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF 1 alpha) were both measured by RIA. All of the factors except endotoxin were significantly higher in the septic shock group than in the non-shock group and significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. Significant correlations were also found between endothelin-1 and NOx and between TXB2 and PG1 alpha. Significant correlations were also found between TNF-alpha and IL-6, endothelin-1, NOx and TXB2, but no significant correlations were detected between any of them and endotoxin. In serious diseases such as septic shock, the vascular endothelial constricting factors, endothelin and TXB2, and the blood vessel relaxing factors NOx and PGF1 alpha increase almost simultaneously. This suggests that the body's regulating mechanisms are disrupted in these serious conditions. The results of this study also suggest that inflammatory cytokines may be involved in stimulating the production of these factors.
Novel method for controlling a high-frequency link inverter using cycloconverter techniques (2002)

A high-frequency link inverter has been developed using a cycloconverter. The device consists mainly of a high-frequency inverter, a transformer and a cycloconverter. A novel commutation method in the cycloconverter is proposed. Experimental results show that this method can suppress the switching surges in the cycloconverter, precluding the need for snubber circuits.
[Dual gene amplification and selection system with dihydrofolate reductase and glutamine synthetase genes effectively increase the foreign gene expression]. (2002)

MTX plus MSX dual drug pressure in dual selection system was an efficient and simple method to increase the expression of foreign gene in mammalian cells.
Underpotential Deposition of Copper on Gold and the Effects of Thiourea Studied by AC Impedance (1985)

This paper reports ac impedance and cyclic voltammetry studies of underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cu on Au in an electrolyte composed of and . A theoretical kinetic model was developed which fits the experimental impedance spectra over frequencies ranging from 0.001 to 20,000 Hz. Spectra are characterized by a two‐time constant process; two capacitive loops were observed in the Nyquist diagrams corresponding to two distinctive peaks in the Bode phase plot. The high frequency time constant is associated with the double‐layer capacitance, while the low frequency process is due to relaxation phenomena associated with the charge transfer involved in Cu2+ electrosorption. Thiourea is one of the most important organic additives for commercial plating baths. Therefore, the coadsorption of thiourea and UPD Cu on Au was also studied by ac impedance. Adsorbed thiourea was found to have a dramatic effect on the high frequency peak in the Bode phase plot. Measurements such as these are proposed as a means of determining organic additive concentrations in Cu plating and electroforming baths.
Vinamidines and Vinamidinium Salts—Examples of Stabilized Push‐Pull Alkenes (1976)

Abstract The name vinamidines has been proposed for 1,5‐diazapentadienes: these compounds can be regarded as vinylogous amidines and at the same time as push‐pull substituted (and thereby stabilized) alkenes. Vinamidine and vinamidinium structural elements may also form part of a ring system. Characteristic of this class of compounds are their reactivity toward electrophiles (at C β ) and nucleophiles (C α ) and their regenerative character, i.e. their tendency to undergo substitution instead of addition reactions. Reactions of vinamidinium salts with nucleophiles are of special preparative value: they lead e.g. to pyrazoles, oxazoles, pyrimidines, diazepines, quinolines, and quinolizines.
Electrochemical nanopatterning of Ag on solid-state ionic conductor RbAg4I5 using atomic force microscopy (2004)

This report introduces an electrochemical nanopatterning technique performed under ambient conditions without involving a liquid vessel or probe-to-sample material transfer. Patterning is accomplished by solid-state electrochemical nanodeposition of Ag clusters on the surface of the solid ionic conductor RbAg4I5 using an atomic force microscopy probe. Application of negative voltage pulses on the probe relative to an Ag film counter electrode on an RbAg4I5 sample induces nanometer-sized Ag deposition on the ion conductor around the probe. The patterned Ag particles are 0.5–70nm high and 20–700nm in diameter. The effect of the amplitude and duration of bias voltage on the size and shape of deposited Ag clusters is also shown.
[Reactive arthritis in enteral infections]. (1987)

Certain gastrointestinal tract infections can trigger reactive arthritis. The best known triggering agents are yersinia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter jejuni, and possibly clostridium difficile. The clinical findings show a subacute onset of mono- or oligoarthritis, less often of asymmetric polyarthritis with predominance of the lower limbs. The clinical picture is somewhat modified by the genetic constitution (HLA type) of the patient. HLA-B27-positive patients appear to have more severe symptoms, extraarticular features and incomplete or complete Reiter's syndrome than HLA-B27-negative patients. Diagnosis of postenteritic reactive arthritis is based on bacteriological stool analysis and/or examination of serumantibodies to the corresponding agents. Reactive arthritis is usually self-limiting and therefore treatment of the disease has to be mainly symptomatic. Only more severe chronic or destroying arthritis is thought to be treated locally (i.e. by synoviorthesis) or by immunoregulatory drugs.
Environmental fate and effects of water-soluble synthetic organic polymers used in cosmetic products (2021)

Abstract Because of their usually high molecular weight, polymers are generally considered as being of low environmental concern and are, therefore, exempted from registration and evaluation within REACH. This exemption is currently being reviewed by the European Commission. Against this background, data on the environmental fate and effects of selected water-soluble synthetic organic polymers used in cosmetic products were evaluated. The considered polymers include non-ionic polyethylene glycols (PEGs), anionic homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA-P&CoPs), and cationic polyquaterniums (PQs). The PEGs are more amenable to biodegradation than the AA-P&CoPs and the PQs, which biodegrade slowly. In wastewater treatment plants, sorption and precipitation are expected to lead to an effective removal of the considered polymers from the wastewater. Uptake and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are limited by the large molecular size and, for AA-P&CoPs and PQs, the ionic charge of the polymers. In aquatic ecotoxicity tests, the PEGs and the AA-P&CoPs showed generally no to low toxicity. Effects of AA-P&CoPs on algae and crustaceans are attributed to the chelation of cationic nutrients in soft water, with toxicity being mitigated at higher water hardness. Toxicity of the cationic PQs to aquatic organisms ranged from absent to high, depending on the polymer structure, charge density and molecular weight, as well as on the test organism and test conditions. The observed effects most likely result from interactions with the organisms’ surfaces. Aquatic toxicity of the PQs is reduced by dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, sediments minerals, and at higher water hardness, representative of natural conditions. Results from toxicity tests with sediment and soil organisms were only identified for homopolymers of acrylic acid, showing no toxicity. The evaluation of the available ecotoxicity data suggests that test methods may need to be adapted to the respective polymer type, and further standardised to improve reproducibility. Based on the identified data, the considered polymers are likely to be of low environmental concern. However, this conclusion must be seen as preliminary, since environmental concentrations could not be estimated, and further ecotoxicity data are required, e.g., for sediment and soil organisms.
Structural Basis of Enhanced Photoconversion Yield in Green Fluorescent Protein-like Protein Dendra2 (2009)

Dendra2 is an engineered, monomeric GFP-like protein that belongs to a subclass of fluorescent proteins undergoing irreversible photoconversion from a green- to a red-emitting state upon exposure to purple-blue light. This photoinduced process occurs only in the neutral state of the chromophore and is known to result from backbone cleavage accompanied by an extension of the delocalized pi-electron system. We have measured the X-ray structure of the green species of Dendra2 and performed a comprehensive characterization of the optical absorption and fluorescence properties of the protein in both its green and red forms. The structure, which is very similar to those reported for the closely related proteins EosFP and Kaede, revealed a local structural change involving mainly Arg66 and a water molecule W4, which are part of a charged and hydrogen-bonded cluster of amino acids and water molecules next to the chromophore. Unlike in EosFP and Kaede, Arg66 of Dendra2 does not contribute to negative charge stabilization on the imidazolinone ring by hydrogen bonding to the imidazolinone carbonyl. This structural change may explain the blue shift of the absorption and emission bands, as well as the markedly higher pKs of the hydroxyphenyl moiety of the chromophore, which were determined as 7.1 and 7.5 for the green and red species, respectively. The action spectrum of photoconversion coincides with the absorption band of the neutral species. Consequently, its 20-fold enhancement in Dendra2 at physiological pH accounts for the higher photoconversion yield of this protein as compared to EosFP.
Kinetics and mechanism of deuterium oxide-induced fluorescence enhancement of fluorescyl ligand bound to specific heterogeneous and homogeneous antibodies. (1981)

Comparative kinetics studies of ligand dissociation and D2O enhancement were performed with both heterogeneous and homogeneous anti-fluorescyl immunoglobulin G antibodies. Heterogeneous rabbit and homogeneous mouse (monoclonal) antibody preparations were purified by immunoadsorption and found to be pure IgG by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. Relatively high affinities of all liganded antibody preparations were determined by dissociation rate studies, demonstrating comparatively long lifetimes for the dissociation of bound fluorescein. In addition, rabbit anti-fluorescyl preparations were found to display marked heterogeneity of off-rates while mouse monoclonal anti-fluorescyl preparations exhibited a single off-rate indicating homogeneity. D2O fluorescence enhancement studies showed that heterogeneous kinetics was observed with both heterogeneous and homogeneous antibody active sites. Temperature studies of ligand D2O enhancement and dissociation rates using homogeneous anti-fluorescyl antibodies revealed similar, yet different activation energies (22.7 +/- 0.8 cal and 20.2 +/- 0.3 cal, respectively) for both phenomena. The studies demonstrated that the anti-fluorescein antibody active site consists of both solvent accessible and relatively inaccessible components, and that the binding of ligand involves both exchangeable hydrogen atoms and other as yet unresolved interactions. The mechanism of D2O fluorescence enhancement is discussed in terms of its complexity involving heterogeneous rate mechanisms.