gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial regneration. I. Quantitative analysis of initial stages of endothelial regeneration in rat aortic intima. (1978)

The aortic endothelium is a naturally occurring monolayer which allows comparison between wound healing in the intact animal and similar phenomena studied with monolayers in tissue culture. We used the balloon catheter technique to abrade a defined portion of the lining of the aorta in rats. Proliferation and migration across the line of injury were quantitatively determined using tritiated thymidine autoradiography, incidenct light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings in vivo differ from those in vitro in three ways: (1) The response in vivo is not limited to the line of injury. Cells up to 100 cells behind this line are stimulated to enter S phase and undergo a characteristic change in shape not seen in the tissue culture systems. (2) This same "regeneration zone" escapes normal controls on cell density, producing three times as many cells per unit area as in unstimulated endothelium. (3) Cell migration, but not proliferation, occurs preferentially along the axis of the vessel, equally well against and with blood flow. These findings differ from results of tissue culture studies and suggest that the "diffusion barrier" mechanism proposed for control of monolyaer regeneration in vitro does not explain contact inhibition of endothelium in vivo and that regeneration of endothelium is controlled either by factors released from the site of injury or by cell to cell interactions.
Germ cell-specific expression of a gene encoding eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF-1 alpha) and generation of eEF-1 alpha retropseudogenes in Xenopus laevis. (1991)

We have studied by in situ hybridization the expression of the genes encoding the somatic form and the oocyte form of Xenopus laevis eEF-1 alpha. The somatic form of eEF-1 alpha (eEF-1 alpha S) mRNA is virtually undetectable in male and female germ cells of the adult gonad but is very abundant in embryonic cells after the neurula stage. In contrast, another form of eEF-1 alpha (eEF-1 alpha O) mRNA is highly concentrated in oogonia and in previtellogenic oocytes but is undetectable in eggs and embryos. eEF-1 alpha O mRNA is also present in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of adult testis. The latter finding identifies eEF-1 alpha O mRNA as a germ cell-specific gene product. Although germ cells contain very little eEF-1 alpha S mRNA, several eEF-1 alpha S retropseudogenes exist in X. laevis chromosomes. These genes are thought to arise in germ cells from reverse transcription of mRNA and subsequent integration of the cDNA copies into chromosomal DNA. We suggest that eEF-1 alpha S pseudogenes are generated in primordial germ cells of the embryo before they differentiate into oogonia or spermatogonia.
The lively dock: Web applications as live thumbnails (2010)

For better or worse, the web browser has become a widely used target platform for software applications. In the era of web-based software, the web browser will serve as the primary user interface for end-user applications. In this paper, we introduce the Lively Dock, a user interface mechanism that can be used to host miniaturized yet active web applications in a web browser. The system is built as an extension to the Lively Kernel, a programming environment that runs inside a web browser without additional plug-in components. The Lively Dock makes it possible to easily manage a large number of simultaneously running web applications, widgets and other visual objects in the web browser. Consequently, the web browser can easily be used as a windowing environment.
Video Encryption for Security Surveillance (2007)

The basic concept of video and image based wireless monitoring and control system, the main requirements from the law enforcement communities and related performance of the wireless surveillance system are described. Section I is the introduction, section II is the concept for the customized solution of encryption for video, image and control signals, section III is the field experiment report, and last section is the summary and future work. The major challenge in this area is providing robust link along the transmission/ transport path and most importantly through highly secured communication channels that allows few errors and low delay for remote operations. This paper explains the special encryption method for this purpose.
Nucleotide, VIII. Synthese und Eigenschaften von Poly‐2‐alkyladenylsäuren (1978)

Abstract Ausgehend von 5‐Amino‐1‐ß‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐4‐imidazolcarbonitril ( 1 ) werden 2‐Methyladenosin ( 3 ), 2‐Ethyladenosin ( 4 ) und 2‐Isopropyladenosin ( 5 ) synthetisiert und durch Phosphorylierung in ihre 5′‐Monophosophate 6–8 und 5′‐Diphosphate 9–11 übergeführt. Enzymatische Polymerisation von 9–11 führt zu den entsprechenden Polyadenylsäuren, die durch physikalischen Unter‐suchungen näher charakterisiert werden. Die neutralen Polynucleotide liegen einsträngig in stark gestapelter Form vor, die sich im sauren pH‐Bereich in eine stabile doppelhelicale Struktur umorientiert.
Comparison of252californium plasma desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for analysis of small peptides (1985)

The data obtained with 252Cf plasma desorption (PD) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of eight tri-, tetra- and pentapeptides were compared. Good spectra were obtained with 1-10 nmol of peptide. In both techniques molecular weight information was obtained. The PD mass spectra are often dominated by the cationized molecular ions in contrast to the fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra, where cationization is rarely observed. Amino acid content is reflected in the immonium ions equally well in both techniques. The fragmentation patterns observed with the two techniques are almost identical. However, practical sequencing of peptides based on either FAB or PD mass spectrometry of underivatized peptides alone is difficult. This is due to the unpredictable and sometimes absent cleavage yield at certain peptide bonds. Another difficulty is the many simultaneous fragmentation pathways. However, for many peptides enough information is present to allow sequence determination for at least a major part of the molecule.
The Spatial Standard Observer: A new tool for display metrology (2007)

in digital display technologies, applications, and markets. During design and manufacture, displays are measured with instruments to quantify their visual quality. For this purpose, it would be useful to have an instrument that could mimic the performance of the human observer. We have developed an instrument of this kind – the Spatial Standard Observer (SSO), a software algorithm that incorporates a simple model of human-visual sensitivity to spatial contrast for use in a wide variety of display inspection and measurement applications. The SSO began in an effort to account for the results of a research project known as ModelFest. This was a collaboration among an international consortium of vision-research groups, who sought to create a common set of benchmark data to describe human sensitivity to spatial patterns. They designed a set of 43 standard stimuli, and collected contrast thresholds for each stimulus from a total of 16 human observers. A contrast threshold is a measure of the smallest amount of contrast that is required for the image to be visible. Contrast is the variation on luminance in the image, expressed as a fraction of the average luminance. The data showed large variations (about 1.5 log units) among the different spaThe Spatial Standard Observer: A new tool for display metrology
Snapback and safe operating area of LDMOS transistors (2003)

This paper deals with the measurement and prediction of the SOA boundary and the accompanying device physics. Results are given for n-channel LDMOS transistors having a self-aligned body diffusion. LDMOS SOA has been discussed previously in a number of papers, however, there is still a need for improving the overall understanding of this rather complicated subject. To be complete, thermal effects should also be included in the definition of SOA, however, these can be treated separately and we focus here on the "electrical SOA", which is defined by the Id-Vds boundary where snapback occurs.
Intra-Aneurysmal Thrombosis as a Possible Cause of Delayed Aneurysm Rupture after Flow-Diversion Treatment (2010)

FDs alone may modify hemodynamics in ways that induce extensive aneurysm thrombosis. Under specific conditions, however, instead of reverse remodeling and cicatrization, aggressive thrombus-associated autolysis of the aneurysm wall may result in delayed rupture.
Platinum(<scp>II</scp>)‐Based Coordination Compounds as Nucleic Acid Labeling Reagents: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications in Hybridization Assays (2003)

The synthesis, characterization, and molecular interactions of platinum(II) coordination compounds, which contain a distal nonradioactive reporter molecule, with mono- and polynucleotides are described. A [Pt(II)(en)(NH(2)(CH(2))(6)NH-tBoc)Cl](NO(3)) (en=ethylenediamine) entity has been coupled, after removal of the tBoc group, to a number of hapten and fluorophore molecules through succinimide derivatives. The influence of the various tethered reporter groups within these complexes on the reactivity towards guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP), as a model for polynucleotide sequences, was investigated to shed light on the use of these reagents in hybridization assays. Reactivity turned out to be strongly dictated by the chemical nature of the distal reporter molecule present. At pH 7.0 the sequence of reactivity is cationic approximately aromatic (stacking) > neutral > anionic; there is approximately an order of magnitude difference between the fastest reacting complex (k=10.2 x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1)) and the slowest reacting complex (k=0.93 x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1)) under these conditions. Platination of an oligodeoxynucleotide (30-mer), dsDNA, or an RNA transcript, shows that a Pt/nucleotide ratio between 1:10 and 1:20 (established by using flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy) results in probes with excellent hybridization characteristics. In terms of applicability and detection limits these platinated nucleic acid probes perform equally well compared to conventionally generated nucleic acid probes, that is, through enzymatic incorporation of covalently labeled nucleotide triphosphates. Applications of these reagents to in situ hybridization assays and gene expression profiling on microarrays illustrate the potential of these monofunctional binding platinum triamine compounds.
Familiar y global (2014)

Mas de un siglo contempla a Gustavo Gili, el unico de los historicos sellos familiares barceloneses -los Salvat, Sopena, Juventud...- que ha sobrevivido y crecido sin perder su independencia ni dejar de consolidar, decada tras decada, su prestigio como editorial de referencia internacional en materia de cultura visual.
Biodiesel Fuels from Vegetable Oils:  Transesterification of <i>Cynara </i><i>c</i><i>ardunculus</i> L. Oils with Ethanol (2002)

A study was made of the transesterification reaction of Cynara cardunculus L. oil by means of ethanol, using sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide as catalysts. The objective of the work was to characterize the ethyl esters for use as biodiesels in compression ignition motors. The operation variables employed were temperature (25−75 °C), catalyst type (sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide), catalyst concentration (0.25−1.5 wt %), and ethanol/oil molar ratio (3:1−15:1). Oil mass (200 g), reaction time (120 min), and alcohol type (ethanol) were fixed as common parameters in all the experiments. The evolution of the process was followed by gas chromatography, determining the concentration of the ethyl esters at different reaction times. The biodiesel was characterized by determining its density, viscosity, high heating value, cetane index, cloud and pour points, characteristics of distillation, and flash and combustion points according to ISO norms. The biodiesel with the best properties was obtained using an ethanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, sodium hydroxide as catalyst (1%) and 75 °C temperature. This biodiesel has very similar properties to those of no. 2 diesel fuel.
Extremely high electron mobility in Si/Ge<i>x</i>Si1−<i>x</i> structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1991)

A modulation-doped Si/GexSi1−x structure was fabricated in which a thin Si layer is employed as the conduction channel for the two-dimensional electron gas. The strained heterostructure is fabricated on top of a low threading dislocation density, totally relaxed, GexSi1−x buffer layer with a linearly graded Ge concentration profile. The mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas as determined from Hall measurements was 1600 cm2/V s at 300 K and 96 000 cm2/V s at 4.2 K. Recently, a 4.2 K mobility of 125 000 cm2/V s was observed from a similar sample.
ChIPXpress: using publicly available gene expression data to improve ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip target gene ranking (2013)

ChIPXpress provides a new tool to better prioritize TF bound genes from ChIPx experiments for follow-up studies when investigators do not have their own gene expression data. It demonstrates that the regulatory information from PED can be used to boost ChIPx data analyses. It also represents an important step towards more fully utilizing the valuable, but highly heterogeneous data contained in public gene expression databases.
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) in New England. (1988)

Presence au Massachusetts dans une station qui serait la plus septentrionale de cette mauvaise herbe
Assessment Of The Anxiety, Depression And Coping Strategies In Diagnosed Cancer Patients (2013)

Across the world, there are people who suffer from different types of cancers. These patients suffer problems of anxiety and depression as the commonest psychological problems. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted to assess the anxiety, depression and coping strategies in diagnosed cancer patients in selected hospital of Indore. Samples of 50 patients both males and females were taken for the study using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Assessment of data was done using standardized tools i.e. Hamilton's anxiety scale, Beck's Depression inventory and a set of 5 open ended questionnaire for the patients. Statistical findings revealed that there was no association between the level of anxiety and the socio demographic variables. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the cancer patients suffer from symptoms of anxiety (23 out of 50 patients, 46%) and depression (19 out of 50 patients, 38%) in their daily life. To adapt to these stressful conditions patients can use a wide range of diversional methods or coping strategies. In the study, it was found that patients used different coping strategies like watching television, engaged in spiritual activities and spending time with friends being the commonest methods.
Development of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during two decades of antipseudomonal treatment at the Danish CF Center. (1994)

At the Danish CF Center patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection were treated 3-4 times a year (from 1976) with a 2-week intravenous antipseudomonal course which included preferentially an aminoglycoside and a beta-lactam antibiotic. We investigated the development of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from Danish CF patients over a period of 18 years by testing the in vitro efficacy of carbenicillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa strains collected in 1973 (51 strains), 1980 (80 strains), 1985 (58 strains), and 1991 (100 strains). All the strains were screened and assayed semiquantitatively for beta-lactamase activity by use of nitrocefin. We found a significant (p < 0.005) increase in the MIC values of the P. aeruginosa strains against piperacillin and ceftazidime. However, no significant correlation was found between the MIC and the number of antipseudomonal courses of antibiotics. The proportion of resistant in vivo selected P. aeruginosa strains, presumed to be stably derepressed producers of chromosomal beta-lactamase, also increased significantly during the period studied. Our results confirm that the beta-lactamase production is an important mechanism of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa.
The schooling experiences of Pasifika students (2011)

The growing diversity of students in mainstream schools in Aotearoa New Zealand is challenging for educators and policy makers alike. Educational researchers in the 21st century have shown that listening to what students have to say about what works best for them is more important than ever. This article discusses the narratives of schooling experiences of two generations of Pasifika students, comparing the experiences of Pasifika students from Auckland secondary schools involved in the Te Kotahitanga project in 2009 with the author's schooling experiences in the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.
High speed search and memory efficient Huffman coding HDTV (2002)

Code compression is a key element in high speed digital data transport. A major compression is performed by converting the fixed-length codes to variable-length codes through a (semi-)entropy coding scheme. Huffman coding combined with run-length coding is shown to be a very efficient coding scheme. To speed up the process of search for a symbol in a Huffman tree and to reduce the memory size, a tree clustering algorithm is proposed to avoid high sparsity of the tree. The method is shown to be very efficient in memory size, and fast in searching for the symbol. For an experimental video data with Huffman codes extended up to 13 bits in length, the entire memory space is shown to be 126 words, compared to normal 2/sup 13/ = 8192 words.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
4-Halogeno-sydnones for fast strain promoted cycloaddition with bicyclo-[6.1.0]-nonyne (2014)

New sydnone derivatives have been synthesized and screened for their capacity to undergo fast copper-free cycloaddition reaction with bicyclo-[6.1.0]-nonyne. The influences of substitution in positions N-3 and C-4 of sydnones have been particularly studied leading to the identification of highly reactive partners for bio-orthogonal ligation reactions.
The rendering of anisotropic non-opaque media (1993)

In this thesis we present and develop a set of algorithms for rendering non-opaque media. A method for representing polarization is presented and made amenable to graphics.
Reflection and transmission are considered for the cases of isotropic and anisotropic materials, including both dielectric and absorptive media. Using calcite as an example, we present the first computer graphics algorithm to render the birefringence of a uniaxial crystal. The equations developed admit an arbitrary orientation of the crystallographic optic axis and an arbitrary incident coherency state.
Thin isotropic films on anisotropic media are considered. Such is the case when ice cubes contain a layer of liquid water on their surface. Scattering phenomena as modeled by small spherical obstructions is examined. A geometric approach to scattering, augmented to accurately maintain the phase and polarization state of the incident light, is used.
We develop an information exchange mechanism in which light/medium interactions computed from the perspective of the light (forwards ray tracing) can be saved and recalled later during a conventional backwards ray tracing step. All optical phenomena algorithms presented and considered in this work provide suitable input to the exchange mechanism. This allows us to separate the computationally intensive forward ray tracing operations into off-line preprocessing steps and to perform backwards ray tracing using precomputed data; the expectation being that the off-line step is done less frequently than the backwards ray tracing.
The algorithms are made practical by a parse grammar syntax and accompanying semantics outline which serve as a powerful high level interface. Through the use of symbolic notation, an object oriented approach is taken.
A Multiagent Approach to Autonomous Intersection Management (2008)

Artificial intelligence research is ushering in a new era of sophisticated, mass-market transportation technology. While computers can already fly a passenger jet better than a trained human pilot, people are still faced with the dangerous yet tedious task of driving automobiles. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the field that focuses on integrating information technology with vehicles and transportation infrastructure to make transportation safer, cheaper, and more efficient. Recent advances in ITS point to a future in which vehicles themselves handle the vast majority of the driving task. Once autonomous vehicles become popular, autonomous interactions amongst multiple vehicles will be possible. Current methods of vehicle coordination, which are all designed to work with human drivers, will be outdated. The bottleneck for roadway efficiency will no longer be the drivers, but rather the mechanism by which those drivers' actions are coordinated. While open-road driving is a well-studied and more-or-less-solved problem, urban traffic scenarios, especially intersections, are much more challenging. We believe current methods for controlling traffic, specifically at intersections, will not be able to take advantage of the increased sensitivity and precision of autonomous vehicles as compared to human drivers. In this article, we suggest an alternative mechanism for coordinating the movement of autonomous vehicles through intersections. Drivers and intersections in this mechanism are treated as autonomous agents in a multiagent system. In this multiagent system, intersections use a new reservation-based approach built around a detailed communication protocol, which we also present. We demonstrate in simulation that our new mechanism has the potential to significantly outperform current intersection control technology -- traffic lights and stop signs. Because our mechanism can emulate a traffic light or stop sign, it subsumes the most popular current methods of intersection control. This article also presents two extensions to the mechanism. The first extension allows the system to control human-driven vehicles in addition to autonomous vehicles. The second gives priority to emergency vehicles without significant cost to civilian vehicles. The mechanism, including both extensions, is implemented and tested in simulation, and we present experimental results that strongly attest to the efficacy of this approach.
Experimental Evidence on the Existence of anexo-π-Allyl Complex Intermediate in the Pd0-Catalyzed Alkylation of a Bicyclic Allylic Diacetate with Stabilized Nucleophiles (2001)

The Pd0-catalyzed alkylation of 1 by sodiodimethylmalonate led to the formation of two tricyclic diastereomers 2a and 2b. The structure of the major endo diastereomer 2b has been confirmed by NMR experiments and X-ray structure analysis. This stereochemistry is in accordance with the formation of an exo cationic (π-allyl)palladium intermediate.