gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption, Desorption, and Conversion of Thiophene on H-ZSM5 (2004)

The dynamics and stoichiometry of thiophene adsorption and of rearrangements of thiophene-derived adsorbed species in O(2), He, H(2), and C(3)H(8) carriers were measured using chromatographic methods and mass spectrometry on H-ZSM5 and H-Y zeolites. Thiophene adsorption obeyed Langmuir isotherms on both zeolites. Adsorption uptakes were 1.7 and 2.8 thiophene/Al at 363 K on H-ZSM5 and H-Y zeolites, respectively, after removal of physisorbed thiophene. These stoichiometries differed for these two zeolite structures but did not depend on their Al content (Si/Al = 13-85). Adsorption from a thiophene-toluene mixture showed thiophene selectivities ( approximately 10) greater than expected from van der Waals interactions. These adsorption stoichiometries, without contributions from physisorption, and the color changes detected indicate that thiophene adsorption occurs concurrently with oligomerization on acidic OH groups and that oligomer size depends on spatial constraints within channels. Thiophene oligomers decompose at approximately 534 K during subsequent thermal treatment to form molecular thiophene with all carriers, leaving behind unsaturated thiophene-derived species with a 0.9-1.1 thiophene/Al stoichiometry, confirming the specificity of OH groups and the oligomeric nature of bound thiophene during adsorption at 363 K. With He, H(2), and C(3)H(8), residual thiophene-derived species desorb as stable fragments, such as H(2)S, ethene, propene, arenes, and heavier organosulfur compounds (methylthiophene and benzothiophene) during thermal treatment; they also form unsaturated organic deposits that cannot desorb without hydrogenation events. H(2) and C(3)H(8) remove larger amounts of adsorbed species as unreacted thiophene than He, suggesting that dehydrogenation reactions are inhibited or reversed by a hydrogen source. C(3)H(8) removes a larger fraction of thiophene-derived intermediates as hydrocarbons and organosulfur compounds than H(2) or He; thus, hydrogen atoms formed during C(3)H(8) dehydrogenation are more effective in the removal of unsaturated deposits than those formed from H(2). Thiophene-derived adsorbed species are completely removed only with O(2)-containing streams at 873 K, a process that fully recovers initial adsorption capacities. This study provides a rigorous assessment of the nature and specificity of thiophene adsorption processes on acidic OH groups and of the identity and removal pathways of adsorbed species in various reactive environments.
An Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (2012)

What genetic algorithm's application process determined is a crossover probability and mutation probability. Based on the basis of the predecessor's study, we proposed adaptive crossover operator and mutation, and proved the convergence of the genetic algorithm is thus generated. The proposed adaptive genetic algorithms can be used to get fuzzy rules and criminal investigations in data mining, next to this method and research on digital forensics and criminal investigations.
Sunlight Regulates the Cutaneous Production of Vitamin D<sub>3</sub>by Causing Its Photodegradation* (1989)

Exposure to sunlight initiates the formation of vitamin D3 in skin as the UV B radiation in the solar spectrum causes the photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3. A heat-induced isomerization then converts previtamin D3 to vitamin D3 over a period of days. A number of irradiation products of vitamin D3 are known to form upon irradiation with high intensity UV radiation, but the effect of subsequent exposures to sunlight on the vitamin D3 formed in skin is not known. To investigate this phenomenon, human skin containing vitamin D3 was exposed to sunlight in Boston. A model system of [3H]vitamin D3 in methanol was also used to study the effects of sunlight on vitamin D3 throughout the year. Vitamin D3 proved to be exquisitely sensitive to sunlight, and once formed in the skin, exposure to sunlight resulted in its rapid photodegradation to a variety of photoproducts, including 5,6-transvitamin D3, suprasterol I, and suprasterol II.
Water Movement in Stems of American Holly at Low Temperatures (1967)

Abstract Studies on winter desiccation of broadleaved evergreens have raised the question of low temperature impedance of water movement in roots and stems. Temperature control of a section of stem can be readily accomplished by the use of cooling collars. Johnson (3), Handley (1), and Zimmerman (6) have brought about wilting of the leaves of various tree species by cooling parts of the stem to near or below the tissue freezing point. Presumably, the wilting was caused by restriction of water flow through the cooled section of stems. The wilted foliage recovered after the stem temperatures were allowed to rise, but no attempt has been reported to measure the minimum temperature at which water started to flow through the stem after freezing. To obtain information on this latter question was the primary objective of the study reported here.
Autodissemination of<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>by Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to Overwintering Sites (2003)

An autoinoculative device was used to test the ability of sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to carry a specific strain of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to overwintering sites in a multiyear field study. The device was baited with the pheromone and coattractants for the dusky sap beetle (Carpophilus lugubris Murray) and placed in the field in the fall of each year. The introduced strain occurred at high frequency among the B. bassiana isolated in the fall of all four years tested (100% of all isolates from 21 of 22 collection dates). The introduced strain of B. bassiana was isolated at high frequency from all the B. bassiana-contaminated sap beetles recovered from the overwintering traps (100% of all isolates from 13 of 23 trap/beetle species combinations) and was highest after the longest fall exposure. The introduced strain was primarily isolated from C. lugubris and C. antiquus, but species distribution was also dependent on the overwintering trap design used. Few non-sap beetles species of insects were recovered from the artificial overwintering sites. Although B. bassiana was isolated from free flying sap beetles caught in traps in the spring of each year, none were infected with the introduced strain. The autoinoculating device provides selective contamination of sap beetles in overwintering sites when used in the fall. It may be useful in providing some control of sap beetles or other insects where limited numbers of mass overwintering sites (such as tree holes) occur.
High Performance I/O Design in the AlphaServer 4100 Symmetric Multiprocessing System. (1996)

Oncological problems are so varied that it is very difficult to record all advances in different diagnostic branches in a comprehensive manner. In the first part the authors focus attention on an example of the possible use of imaging examination methods in conjunction with different types of three-dimensional imaging used in their hospital. The second part is devoted to volumetric resections of brain tumours with navigated demarcation. In 17 patients the authors used the PC working station equipped with navigation software STEREOPLAN PLUS for planning volumetric resection of different brain tumours in virtual reality. The demarcation proper of the brain tumour size during surgery was implemented by means of a stereotactic apparatus ZAMORANO-DUJOVNY and a pointer in the field of the microscope. The accuracy of navigation of the whole system for demarcation of the tumourous affection was +/- 1 mm. The intervention was supplemented by functional examination by means of surface electrodes during partial awakening of the patient for mapping the functional areas of the cerebral cortex. The result was resection of relatively precise volumes of tumourous tissue with the possibility of maximum preservation in particular of motor but also other functions of the CNS.
Tolerance induction of allo-class I H-2 antigen-reactive Lyt-2+ helper T cells and prolonged survival of the corresponding class I H-2-disparate skin graft. (1989)

C57BL/6 (B6) mice were i.v. presensitized with class I H-2-disparate B6-C-H-2bm1 (bm1) spleen cells. Such presensitization resulted in almost complete abrogation of bm1-specific Lyt-2+ T cell-mediated proliferative and IL-2-producing capacities as measured by MLC of lymphoid cells from presensitized B6 mice with stimulating bm1 cells. In contrast, comparable magnitude of CTL responses was generated in bulk cultures from presensitized B6 lymphoid cells to that obtained in unpresensitized B6 responding cultures. These differential influences of Lyt-2+ T cell functions were also demonstrated by limiting dilution assays; frequencies of proliferative and IL-2-producing T cell precursors were as low as undetectable in presensitized B6 lymphoid cells, whereas an appreciable frequency of CTL precursors in a portion of the same lymphoid cells was observed. When bm1 skin grafting was performed in B6 mice i.v. presensitized with bm1 cells, the strikingly prolonged survival of bm1 skin grafts was observed. It was also demonstrated that the bm1 skin graft-bearing B6 mice which had been presensitized with bm1 cells not only exhibited a continuing suppressive state of bm1-specific helper (proliferative and IL-2-producing) function but also failed to generate anti-bm1 CTL responses. These results indicate that 1) i.v. presensitization with class I H-2 alloantigens results in selective tolerance of Lyt-2+ Th cells which is adequate for inducing prolonged graft survival, 2) the induction of complete abrogation of CTL potential is not absolute requirement for the prolongation of graft survival, and 3) residual CTL potential is attenuated after grafting so far as Th cells are rendered tolerant.
[Iron metabolism and metalloproteins (review)]. (1988)

Problems of ferrokinetics, participation of metalloproteins transferrin, ferritin and lactoferrin in metabolism of iron at the step of the metal absorption, transport of iron by means of transferrin, haptoglobin and hemopexin, interaction of transferrin with reticulocytes, deposition of iron in ferritin, mobilization of iron from ferritin via ceruloplasmin are considered. Importance of blood serum ferritin is discussed.
Prophylactic Administration of a Complementarity-Determining Region Derived from a Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Is Effective against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in BALB/c Mice (1998)

Immunotherapy with antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a treatment option given the absence of any vaccine or other available satisfactory treatment. We selected one of our monoclonal antibodies, RS-348, that is highly neutralizing. We showed that a single peptide (PEP3H) derived from complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of its heavy chain was capable of neutralizing the virus in vitro. When intranasally administered 24 h before challenge, this peptide protected BALB/c mice against RSV lung infection. These results indicate that a single CDR can be effective against RSV infection.
Analysis and design of a solar rectenna (2010)

This paper presents an antenna that works in the infrared frequencies band to collect solar energy for supplying a resistive load. The designed antenna, named “rectenna”, is a golden rectangular spiral printed on a SiO2 layer with a ground plane on the back. Two configurations of spiral antennas were investigated in order to design a structure able to supply the maximum output current. An array configuration was proposed to improve the single antenna performance.
Easy Access to Aroma Active Unsaturated γ-Lactones by Addition of Modified Titanium Homoenolate to Aldehydes (2011)

The homo-Reformatsky reaction, in which a metal homoenolate of an ester is added to an aldehyde, was adapted to produce γ-lactones from unsaturated, enolizable aldehydes. By use of titanium homoenolate, 11 different γ-lactones were synthesized in one step with moderate to good yields from readily available aldehydes. In particular, this procedure allowed the rapid preparation of a series of C(12) unsaturated γ-lactones differing in the position and configuration of the double bond. These reference compounds will be used to identify previously unknown lactones in butter oil. The chromatographic, spectral, and sensory descriptions of the synthesized lactones are provided.
SIMULATION OF TRUCK REAR UNDERRUN BARRIER IMPACT (2001)

Rear underrun crashes involving heavy vehicles with rear overhangs represent the most extreme examples of incompatibility between heavy vehicles and passenger cars. This type of crash often causes severe or fatal injuries to car occupants. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional MADYMO model simulating a car crashing first at 48 km/h and then at 75 km/h into the rear of a truck with an energy-absorbing rear underrun barrier attached. The underrun barrier was designed to absorb part of the impact energy of the car and hence reduce the injuries of the car occupants. The collision was simulated in order to aid the design and analysis of energy-absorbing truck underrun barrier systems. A Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy was used to model the driver and to calculate the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), head resultant deceleration and the chest resultant deceleration. The vehicle deceleration pulse during impact, resultant forces in the barrier and in the tube-in-tube struts as well as the injwy outcomes from the dummy, were first validated using laboratory crash tests carried out at a speed of 48 km/h [Rechnitzer et al l996]. This model was then used to predict the vehicle deceleration, strut forces and injury outcomes for the 75 km/h crash. The simulation results show fairly good agreement with the crash test indicating that such models can be used at a relatively low cost to design crashworthy structures and investigate such injury prevention counter measures.
Pachinko allocation (2006)

Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and other related topic models are increasingly popular tools for summarization and manifold discovery in discrete data. However, LDA does not capture correlations between topics. In this paper, we introduce the pachinko allocation model (PAM), which captures arbitrary, nested, and possibly sparse correlations between topics using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The leaves of the DAG represent individual words in the vocabulary, while each interior node represents a correlation among its children, which may be words or other interior nodes (topics). PAM provides a flexible alternative to recent work by Blei and Lafferty (2006), which captures correlations only between pairs of topics. Using text data from newsgroups, historic NIPS proceedings and other research paper corpora, we show improved performance of PAM in document classification, likelihood of held-out data, the ability to support finer-grained topics, and topical keyword coherence.
Surface Treatment of Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) Condensation Plates: Techniques and Influences on Module Performance (2014)

Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) is one of several technologies that can be used to solve problems fresh water availability. AGMD exhibits several advantages, including low conductive heat loss and higher thermal efficiency, due to the presence of an air gap between the membrane and condensation wall. A previous study by Bhardwaj found that the condensation surface properties (materials and contact angle) affected the total collected fresh water in the solar distillation process. However, the process condition differences between solar distillation and AGMD might result in different condensation phenomena. In contrast, N. Miljkovic showed that a hydrophobic surface has higher condensation heat transfer. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that investigates the effect of condensation surface properties in AGMD to overall process performance (i.e. flux and thermal efficiency). Thus, in this study, we treated the AGMD condensation surface to make it hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The condensation surface could be made hydrophilic by immersing and boiling plate in deionized (DI) water, which caused the formation of hydrophilic aluminum hydroxide (AlOOH) nanostructures. Afterwards, the treated plate was coated using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The result indicated that condensation surface properties do not affect the permeate flux or thermal efficiency significantly. In general, the permeate flux and thermal efficiency for the treated plates were lower than those of the non-treated plate (pristine). However, at a 1 mm and 3 mm air gap, the treated plate outperformed the non-treated plate (pristine) in terms of permeate flux. Therefore, although surface wettability effect was not significant, it still provided a little influence.
A comparative study of thoracoscopic and open surgery of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonates (2019)

The intraoperative hemodynamic parameters of CDH repair under thoracoscopy were more stable, the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, antibiotic use and hospitalization were shortened, and the therapeutic effect was better.
Magnetostatic trapping fields for neutral atoms (1987)

In view of the recent successful confinement of decelerated sodium atoms in a magnetostatic trap, it is of interest to evaluate possible trap-field configurations. Neutral atoms in a Zeeman sublevel whose energy increases with field can be confined by a field whose magnitude \ensuremath{\Vert}B\ensuremath{\Vert} increases with distance from the center. Because this same basic requirement applies also to traps for neutrons and for plasmas (in the guiding-center approximation), trap configurations developed previously for these purposes are of interest for neutral atoms. However, the desired properties differ considerably because of very different objectives and different behavior of very cold atoms as compared with hot plasmas. We characterize basic trap configurations using both the exact expressions for the field, and a multipole polynomial expansion that facilitates studies of symmetry properties and classical or quantum orbits. Polynomial terms for the field components are derived and coefficients obtained by comparison with Taylor-series expansions and by global fit. Contours of \ensuremath{\Vert}B\ensuremath{\Vert} for various trap configurations are also presented. Under certain restrictive conditions, \ensuremath{\Vert}B\ensuremath{\Vert}, and hence the effective potential, can be made isotropic to second order.
Highly Active Oxime-Derived Palladacycle Complexes for Suzuki−Miyaura and Ullmann-Type Coupling Reactions (2002)

Oxime-derived chloro-bridged palladacycles 12 and 13 are efficient complexes for the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of aryl-, allyl-, and benzyl halides with arylboronic acids. The isolated catalysts are thermally stable, not sensitive to air or moisture, and easily accessible from inexpensive starting materials. The reaction can be performed under aerobic conditions with aryl bromides and chlorides, displaying turnover numbers (TON) of up to 5 x 10(5) and turnover frequencies (TOF) of up to 198 000 h(-1) for aryl bromides. Aryl chlorides undergo the Suzuki reaction with arylboronic acids with TON of up to 4700 and TOF up to 4700 h(-1). Even inexpensive and readily available benzyl and allyl chlorides undergo the coupling reaction with good turnover numbers. Complexes of 12 catalyze the syntheses of symmetrical biaryls in good yields via reductive coupling of iodoarenes in the presence of Hünig's base.
A 7.72% efficient dye sensitized solar cell based on novel necklace-like polymer gel electrolyte containing latent chemically cross-linked gel electrolyte precursors (2005)

Novel necklace-like polymer gel electrolytes containing latent chemically cross-linked gel electrolyte precursors were prepared for quasi-solid dye sensitized solar cells with a highest efficiency of 7.72% and an active area of 0.25 cm2 under AM1.5 condition at 100 mW cm(-2) irradiation.
Active resource allocation for active reliable multicast (2003)

Local loss recovery for reliable multicast can provide significant performance improvement in terms of loss recovery latency, bandwidth consumption and network throughput. Active reliable multicast (ARM) is a novel loss recovery scheme for large-scale reliable multicast. When sufficient active resources of active routers (ARs) and associated cache are available, ARM gives good loss recovery latency performance. The authors build an analytical model for studying the optimal active resource allocation for ARM. They propose a top-down layering analysis (TDLA) approach to derive the expected loss recovery latency (ELRL). For a given multicast tree, the ELRL is derived as a function of the active resource allocation pattern. Simulation experiments reveal that high performance gains can be attained with limited active resources, which are properly allocated. It is also shown that simulation results have a good match with the analytical results. The analytical framework developed can be used for further investigation of various active resource allocation schemes and caching policies.
Conformational dependence of electron transfer across de novo designed metalloproteins. (1996)

Flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis measurements demonstrate a conformational dependence of electron transfer rates across a 16-mer helical bundle (three-helix metalloprotein) modified with a capping CoIII(bipyridine)3 electron acceptor at the N terminus and a 1-ethyl-1'-ethyl-4,4'- bipyridinium donor at the C terminus. For the CoIII(peptide)3-1-ethyl-1'-ethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium maquettes, the observed transfer is a first order, intramolecular process, independent of peptide concentration or laser pulse energy. In the presence of 6 M urea, the random coil bundle (approximately 0% helicity) has an observed electron transfer rate constant of kobs = 900 +/- 100 s-1. In the presence of 25% trifluoroethanol (TFE), the helicity of the peptide is 80% and the kobs increases to 2000 +/- 200 s-1. Moreover, the increase in the rate constant in TFE is consistent with the observed decrease in donor-acceptor distance in this solvent. Such bifunctional systems provide a class of molecules for testing the effects of conformation on electron transfer in proteins and peptides.
A Survey of Methodological Variation in the Crohnʼs Disease Activity Index (2005)

Considerable variation exists in the administration and implementation of the CDAI score among the pool of experienced researchers who were surveyed. This variation may affect the comparability of studies and may introduce random error into the measurement of the CDAI.
Real Time Sound Processing on Android (2016)

The introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the ubiquity of mobile devices has generated interest in leveraging smartphones for deploying and running sophisticated mobile sound applications. Modern smartphones have good connectivity, a significant amount of processing, and are always with us, making them an ideal candidate for envisioned applications. Many such applications have stringent latency requirements and in some cases, special I/O capabilities. One example is a class of real-time audio applications that require the ability to overlay sounds of different frequencies for joint playback. Currently, Android is unable to provide such tight timing requirement due to the design decisions for the underlying platform.
Targeting of glucose transport proteins for tumor imaging: is it feasible? (1996)

Glut overexpression was not a common characteristic of the five tumors tested. Iodine-125 HPP-forskolin and [3H]cytochalasin B did not localize in LX-1 tumors, indicating that these agents did not target tumors with upregulated Glut. Results suggest that Glut are not a promising target for tumor imaging.