gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Biofilms by a Novel Antibacterial Envelope for Use with Implantable Cardiac Devices (2009)

Biofilm formation on representative implantable medical devices using a known human pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) at all time points measured (24,48, and 72 hours) by employing a novel antibacterial envelope (AIGIS Rx). The result was demonstrated using a standard US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) bioreactor model and the results were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial envelope used in the study is coated with a proprietary combination broad spectrum antibiotics (rifampin and minocycline) embedded in a resorbable polymeric coating. The antibiotics are designed to elute out of the coating over a multi-day period for controlled, site-specific drug delivery. The infection rate for patients receiving pacemakers and defibrillators is increasing faster than the rate of new implants and the growing resistance of S. aureus strains suggests that conventional, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis may have limited future utility. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that bacterial biofilms result in infections of implantable medical devices. These findings demonstrate the in vitro efficacy of a new means to address potential biofilm-derived Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) related to implantable medical devices composed of titanium inclusive of pacemakers and defibrillators by means of a locally delivered, low dose, combination antibacterial treatment.
X-ray diffraction from CuPt-ordered III-V ternary semiconductor alloy films (2001)

A model has been developed to describe x-ray scattering from CuPt-type ordered III-V ternary semiconductor alloys. The model takes into account the size distribution of the two different laminae-shaped variants, the random distribution of antiphase domain boundaries in each variant, and the atomic displacements due to the bond-length difference between the two constitutive binary materials. A synchrotron x-ray source was employed to measure the weak-ordering reflections from CuPt-ordered ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{In}}_{0.5}\mathrm{P}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{In}}_{0.5}\mathrm{As}$ samples. By comparing the experimental results and the model calculations, structure information, including the average number of atomic layers in the laminae of each variant, the average antiphase domain size, and the average order parameter in each variant, were obtained. Results from single-variant films and poorly ordered films are also discussed.
Developmental changes in rat brain membrane lipids and fatty acids: the preferential prenatal accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (1999)

Information on the prenatal accumulation of rat brain membrane lipids is scarce. In this study we investigated in detail the fatty acid (FA) composition of the rat brain, on each day from embryonic day 12 (E12) up to birth, and on 8 time points during the first 16 days of postnatal life, and correlated the FA changes with well-described events of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Between E14 and E17, there was a steep increase in the concentration of all the FAs: 16:0 increased by 136%, 18:0 by 139%, 18:1 by 92%, 20:4n-6 by 98%, 22:4n-6 by 116%, 22:5n-6 by 220%, and 22:6n-3 by 98%. After this period and up to birth, the concentration of the FAs plateaued, except that of 22:6n-3, which accumulated further, reaching an additional increase of 75%. After birth, except 22:5n-6, all FAs steadily increased at various rates. Estimation of the FA/PL molar ratios showed that prenatally the ratios of all the FAs either decreased or remained constant, but that of 22:6n-3 increased more than 2-fold; postnatally the ratios remained constant, with the exception of 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-6, which decreased. In conclusion, prenatal accumulation of brain fatty acids parallels important events in neurogenesis. 22:6n-3 is exceptional inasmuch in its steep accumulation occurs just prior to synaptogenesis.
Learning When Training Data are Costly: The Effect of Class Distribution on Tree Induction (2003)

For large, real-world inductive learning problems, the number of training examples often must be limited due to the costs associated with procuring, preparing, and storing the training examples and/or the computational costs associated with learning from them. In such circumstances, one question of practical importance is: if only n training examples can be selected, in what proportion should the classes be represented? In this article we help to answer this question by analyzing, for a fixed training-set size, the relationship between the class distribution of the training data and the performance of classification trees induced from these data. We study twenty-six data sets and, for each, determine the best class distribution for learning. The naturally occurring class distribution is shown to generally perform well when classifier performance is evaluated using undifferentiated error rate (0/1 loss). However, when the area under the ROC curve is used to evaluate classifier performance, a balanced distribution is shown to perform well. Since neither of these choices for class distribution always generates the best-performing classifier, we introduce a budget-sensitive progressive sampling algorithm for selecting training examples based on the class associated with each example. An empirical analysis of this algorithm shows that the class distribution of the resulting training set yields classifiers with good (nearly-optimal) classification performance.
Construction of a synthetic phage-displayed Nanobody library with CDR3 regions randomized by trinucleotide cassettes for diagnostic applications (2014)

This proposed novel synthetic library was a good source for obtaining some antigen-specific Nbs. This approach could provide crucial support to an immune library and a naïve library in the acquisition of specific Nbs, potentially functioning as a great resource for medical diagnostic applications. In addition, we have successfully developed a novel sandwich ELISA to detect PA, which could provide great assistance for clinical PA detection.
Quantitative rheumatology: a survey of outcome measurement procedures in routine rheumatology outpatient practice in Canada. (1998)

The majority of Canadian rheumatologists perform outcome measurement during the longitudinal followup of their outpatients with RA, AS, OA, and FM. However, the process lacks standardization. High performance health status measures, developed for clinical research, have not been widely adopted in rheumatology practices. There is agreement on the characteristics required by Canadian rheumatologists for measurement procedures used in routine clinical care. Quantitative measurement in clinical practice using standardized procedures is an attainable, but as yet, unrealized opportunity.
EFFECT OF FATIGUE BY FLEXURE ON PORE STRUCTURE AND CARBONATION OF CONCRETE AND MORTAR (2000)

The effect of fatigue by flexure on pore structure and carbonation of concrete and mortar were studied. Pore volume, particularly in the range of capillary pore, increased in fatigued specimens and thereby deeper carbonation was observed. To discuss quantitatively the effect of fatigue, the scale that indicates the degree of fatigue is proposed, and the relation between degree of fatigue and pore volume and also carbonation was discussed. It is concluded that concrete and mortar subjected to repeated loads, even if they are at low level, are changed in their micro structure and thereby durability of them is lowered.
Loss of heterozygosity for chromosome 11 in primary human breast tumors is associated with poor survival after metastasis. (1995)

A common feature of the malignant progression of human tumors is loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for various regions of their genomes. Such events encompassing chromosomes 11p15 and 11q23 are frequent in human breast tumors. Here, we have analyzed genetic and clinical characteristics of a series of primary breast tumors in order to determine: (a) a more finely mapped estimate of the involved regions; (b) whether there is a relationship in the presentation of LOH between the two regions; and (c) whether a correlation exists between such LOH and any of the clinical parameters pertaining to each patient. We found that LOH for 11p15.5 and 11q23 occurred in 35 and 46% of the 86 primary breast carcinomas, respectively, but in none of the 10 benign tumors examined. The minimal region of LOH for 11p15 was in the approximately 2-megabase region between loci TH and D11S988. Twenty-nine % of the tumors showed LOH simultaneously at both 11p15 and 11q23, 5% had LOH only at 11p15.5, and 15% had LOH only at 11q23. Among these genetic groups, clinical features such as tumor size, involvement of auxiliary nodes, histological subtype, tumor grade, estrogen/progesterone receptor status, and patient age were not markedly different. However, LOH of 11q23 (either alone or in conjunction with LOH of 11p15) in the primary tumor was found to be highly predictive of aggressive postmetastatic disease course with substantially reduced survival (P = 0.0004; log rank test). We also observed a slight trend toward a more rapid development of metastatic lesions, without obvious site specificity, in patients with primary tumors showing LOH for chromosome 11 in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer; we suggest that its effects are late in the progression of this disease.
Lewis-base properties of ortho chlorines in copper(II) 2,4,6-trichlorophenolates, 4-bromo-2,6-dichlorophenolates, and 2,6-dichlorophenolates as studied by chlorine-35 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis-base properties of ortho chlorines in copper(II) 2,4,6-trichlorophenolates, 4-bromo-2,6-dichlorophenolates, and 2,6-dichlorophenolates as studied by chlorine-35 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopyGary Wulfsberg, Jim Yanisch, Ron Meyer, John Bowers, and Maria EssigCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 6, 715–719Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00174a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00174a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Role of Microglia in Diabetic Retinopathy (2014)

There is growing evidence that chronic inflammation plays a role in both the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. There is also evidence that molecules produced as a result of hyperglycemia can activate microglia. However the exact contribution of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, to retinal tissue damage during diabetes remains unclear. Current data suggest that dysregulated microglial responses are linked to their deleterious effects in several neurological diseases associated with chronic inflammation. As inflammatory cytokines and hyperglycemia disseminate through the diabetic retina, microglia can change to an activated state, increase in number, translocate through the retina, and themselves become the producers of inflammatory and apoptotic molecules or alternatively exert anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, microglial genetic variations may account for some of the individual differences commonly seen in patient's susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy.
Genome-wide analysis reveals regulatory role of G4 DNA in gene transcription (2007)

G-quadruplex or G4 DNA, a four-stranded DNA structure formed in G-rich sequences, has been hypothesized to be a structural motif involved in gene regulation. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of potential G4 DNA motifs (PG4Ms) located in the putative transcriptional regulatory region (TRR, -500 to +500) of genes across the human genome. We found that PG4Ms in the 500-bp region downstream of the annotated transcription start site (TSS; PG4M(D500)) are associated with gene expression. Generally, PG4M(D500)-positive genes are expressed at higher levels than PG4M(D500)-negative genes, and an increased number of PG4M(D500) provides a cumulative effect. This observation was validated by controlling for attributes, including gene family, function, and promoter similarity. We also observed an asymmetric pattern of PG4M(D500) distribution between strands, whereby the frequency of PG4M(D500) in the coding strand is generally higher than that in the template strand. Further analysis showed that the presence of PG4M(D500) and its strand asymmetry are associated with significant enrichment of RNAP II at the putative TRR. On the basis of these results, we propose a model of G4 DNA-mediated stimulation of transcription with the hypothesis that PG4M(D500) contributes to gene transcription by maintaining the DNA in an open conformation, while the asymmetric distribution of PG4M(D500) considerably reduces the probability of blocking the progression of the RNA polymerase complex on the template strand. Our findings provide a comprehensive view of the regulatory function of G4 DNA in gene transcription.
Applicability of the PROSPECT model for Norway spruce needles (2006)

The potential applicability of the leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT (version 3.01) was tested for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needles collected from stress resistant and resilient trees. Direct comparison of the measured and simulated leaf optical properties between 450–1000 nm revealed the requirement to recalibrate the PROSPECT chlorophyll and dry matter specific absorption coefficients k ab(λ) and k m(λ). The subsequent validation of the modified PROSPECT (version 3.01.S) showed close agreement with the spectral measurements of all three needle age‐classes tested; the root mean square error (RMSE) of all reflectance (ρ) values within the interval of 450–1000 nm was equal to 1.74%, for transmittance (τ) it was 1.53% and for absorbance (α) it was 2.91%. The total chlorophyll concentration, dry matter content, and leaf water content were simultaneously retrieved by a constrained inversion of the original PROSPECT 3.01 and the adjusted PROSPECT 3.01.S. The chlorophyll concentration estimated by inversion of both model versions was similar, but the inversion accuracy of the dry matter and water content was significantly improved. Decreases in RMSE from 0.0079 g cm−2 to 0.0019 g cm−2 for dry matter and from 0.0019 cm to 0.0006 cm for leaf water content proved the improved performance of the recalibrated PROSPECT version 3.01.S.
Molecular and biological characterization of rabbit mannan-binding protein (1998)

Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a member of the collectin family of protein. There are two types of MBP, MBP-A and MBP-C, which were found in rodent (rats and mice), rhesus monkey, and cynomolgus monkey, while chimpanzee and human have only one MBP. It was considered that the loss of one MBP gene occurred during hominoid evolution. In this article two rabbit MBP, a liver and serum MBP, were characterized biologically and genetically. Analyses by SDS-PAGE under reduced condition and their amino acid sequences of both MBPs showed that they have a same molecular weight of 32 kDa and their amino acid sequences were identical. A serum MBP has a higher ability to activate complement than does a liver MBP; however, a liver MBP inhibits hemagglutination by influenza virus as strongly as a serum MBP does. cDNA clones encoding the rabbit MBP were isolated from a rabbit cDNA liver library using whole cDNA of mouse MBP-C as a probe. The cDNA carried an insert of 744 bp coding for a protein of 247 acid residues with a signal peptide of 22 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA was identical to that of amino acid sequences of the 32 kDa proteins determined here. Northern blot analysis showed that mRNA transcripts of about 0. 9 and 3.0 kb were expressed only in the liver. The analysis of the phylogenetic tree of rabbit and bovine MBPs and other collectins indicates that the loss of MBP gene occurred not only during hominoid evolution but also at some points after the separation of birds and mammals.
1Gbps full-duplex 5GHz frequency slots uDWDM flexible Metro/Access Networks based on VCSEL-RSOA transceiver (2016)

1Gbps full-duplex 5GHz frequency slot is proposed for uDWDM Flexible Metro-Access Networks. The costeffective ONU transceiver is based on VCSEL as LO for coherent reception and seed for phase-modulated RSOA,\nproviding 40.5dB of power budget.
CD4-dependent and CD4-independent HIV-2 (2003)

HIV-2 isolates utilizing a CD4-independent route of infection are more sensitive to antibody-mediated neutralization. Cellular CD4 may protect HIV-2 from neutralization. This sensitivity to neutralization may, in part, explain the lower virus load and slower progression to disease in HIV-2-infected individuals.
Potassium Organotrifluoroborates:  New Perspectives in Organic Synthesis (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePotassium Organotrifluoroborates: New Perspectives in Organic SynthesisSylvain Darses and Jean-Pierre GenetView Author Information Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique et Produits Naturels (UMR 7573, CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P&M Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 1, 288–325Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2007Publication History Received11 May 2007Published online21 December 2007Published inissue 1 January 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0509758https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0509758research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15655Altmetric-Citations633LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Cross coupling reaction,Organic compounds,Potassium,Salts Get e-Alerts
Simulating Potential Kernel Production in Maize Hybrid Seed Fields (2004)

In maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrid seed production, achieving the optimum seed yield per unit land area often is based on limited information about the quantity of pollen shed by the male and practical experience synchronizing pollen shed by the male inbred with silk emergence by the female inbred. We recently reported that kernel production per hectare could be simulated fairly accurately under pollen‐limited conditions from simple measures of pollen shed and silking dynamics. The objective of this study was to determine whether a simple mechanistic description of the flowering dynamics of male and female inbreds could be used to simulate and optimize kernel production in seed production fields. We estimated kernel production on the basis of flowering dynamics in six commercial seed fields located near Washington, IA, in 2002, which differed in the quantity of pollen production and silk emergence. In all cases, the fields were managed and harvested by standard seed industry methods. Harvested kernel number varied from 8.4 to 23.1 million kernels per female hectare. Simulated kernel number was closely correlated with these measured values ( r 2 = 0.98). This result indicates that relative differences in kernel production can be assessed directly from inbred flowering dynamics. Examples are provided to show how inbred management can be modeled to optimize harvested kernel number for a given inbred pair. Model simulations, however, overestimated harvested kernel number by 11%, on average, which implies that other plant factors, such as pollen viability, prolificacy, pollen capture by the canopy, or kernel abortion in response to leaf removal during detasseling might have limited kernel production across the six seed fields. Information about these variables can be incorporated readily into the kernel set model to improve its accuracy. This study indicates that kernel production in a hybrid seed field can be simulated from simple measures of inbred flowering dynamics. The model is a useful tool for optimizing harvested kernels for an established inbred pair or for defining initial management protocols for new combinations of inbreds.
An Introduction to Python for Unix/C Programmers (1993)

Python is an interpreted, object-oriented language suitable for many purposes. It has a clear, intuitive syntax, powerful high-level data structures, and a flexible dynamic type system. Python can be used interactively, in stand-alone scripts, for large programs, or as an extension language for existing applications. The language runs on UNIX, Macintosh, and DOS machines. Source and documentation are available by anonymous ftp. Python is easily extensible through modules written in C or C++, and can also be embedded in applications as a library. Existing extensions provide access to most standard UNIX library functions and system calls (including processes management, socket and ioctl operations), as well as to large packages like X11/Motif. There are also a number of system-specific extensions, e.g. to interface to the Sun and SGI audio hardware. A large library of standard modules written in Python also exists. Compared to C, Python programs are much shorter, and consequently much fa...