gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic evaluation of claimed synergistic paraben combinations using a factorial design (1992)

The antimicrobial effects of methyl and propyl parabens are investigated, with Escherichia coli as test organism, with a view to determining whether the parabens act synergistically. At appropriate concentrations, the parabens killed E. coli cells according to first order kinetics and the bactericidal effects were quantified by the first order kill rate constants. Combinations of methyl or propyl parabens, at concentrations which slow down or inhibit bacterial growth when used singly, produced definite kill. In this sense, the parabens are therefore synergistic since in combination they produce an effect which is not observed when they are used singly. This effect is not true synergism as shown by the results of our experiments with a factorial design. Analysis of variance indicated no significant interaction between the two parabens.
Identification of two laccase genes in the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus (1993)

A cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11 using mRNA from 11-d-old mycelium of Agaricus bisporus. Three clones containing laccase sequence were identified using an affinity-purified anti-laccase antibody. From one of these clones, a 333 bp sequence was used to identify further cDNA clones (including one which is close to full length) and a genomic clone. The coding sequences found were of two similar but not identical versions with differences at 36 out of 520 residues of deduced amino acid sequence. The laccase genes each encode a sequence expressed as a 2.3 kb mRNA, specifying a 520 residue polypeptide including a 19 amino acid residue signal peptide that is absent from the N terminus of the mature (extracellular) protein. The coding sequence of lcc1 is interrupted by 14 short introns. The lcc1 and lcc2 genes are not allelic as they do not segregate in uninucleate spores derived from a four-spored basidium. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with that of the other fungal laccases that have been cloned, and with the very similar ascorbate oxidases from higher plants shows that whilst some sequence is absolutely conserved at and around the amino acid residues involved in copper binding, the overall sequence similarities are low.
Grenzfrequenzen. Zeitkonstanten (1965)

Das Frequenzverhalten des Transistors wird einerseits durch die Laufzeit der Minoritätsträger und andererseits durch die Majoritätsträger in Verbindung mit äußeren Schaltelementen bestimmt. Summarisch interessieren jedoch nicht nur diese im Innern ablaufenden Vorgänge, sondern vielmehr die an den äußeren Klemmen des Bauelements meßbaren Frequenzeigenschaften. Dafür haben sich eine Reihe von bequem meßbaren Grenzfrequenzen (cut-off-frequencies) und Zeitkonstanten als zweckmäßig herausgestellt. Ihnen liegen unterschiedliche Definitionen zugrunde, die sich sowohl nach der Zweckmäßigkeit experimenteller Ermittlung, nach physikalischer Aussagekraft und applikativen Belangen richten [6.64] [6.87] [6.51] [6.53] [6.58] [6.40] [6.61] [7.1] [6.10].
Preparation and Some Properties of Triorganosiloxy Derivatives of Cyclopentadienyl Titanium (1975)

Abstract Several triorganosiloxy derivatives of cyclopentadienyl titanium were synthesized by the reactions of dicyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride or cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride with triorganosilanols or their sodium salts. The products obtained include π-Cp2TiClOSiMe3, π-CpTi(OSiMe3)3, π-CpTi(OSiMe2Ph)3, π-CpTi(OSiPh2Me)3, π-CpTi(OSiPh3)3, π-CpTi(OSiPh3)2Cl and π-CpTi(OSiPh3)Cl2. Some correlations were found to exist between the substituents on silicon atoms and cyclopentadienyl ring protons in NMR spectra and the Ti–O–Si bond absorptions in IR spectra. The chemical stabilities of the Ti–O–Si bonding in the products were dependent on the nature of the organic groups attached to the silicon atoms. The chemical resistance of the products against hydrolytic cleavage was regularly increased with successive replacement of methyl groups by phenyl groups.
'The Writers' Picnic': Genealogy and Homographesis in the Fiction of Sumner Locke Elliott (2017)

Like many mid-century authors, Sumner Locke-Elliott fled Australia for more welcoming shores. From his first novel Careful He Might Hear You (1963), Locke-Elliott laid the foundations for a fictional self-authorship that suffused his writing with biographic detail and themes of origin, place and time. Despite his long absence from Australia and his naturalisation as an American citizen, his final novel and fictional coming out in Fairyland (1990) returns readers to the homophobic Sydney of his childhood. This blurring of biographic and fictional detail within the representational space of childhood creates an embodied literary network that connects Australia of the 1930s & 1940s and New York of the 1980s & 1990s, merging literary corpus and authorial life. Taking up this sense of presence, absence and connection, I argue that Locke-Elliot’s representation of childhood is a nostalgic point of interface that generatively refigures his oeuvre as an embodied queer and transnational literary network
Relationships between molecular weight, solution viscosity, and melt index for narrow distribution, high pressure polyethylene whole polymers. Fast <i>M</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> determinations (1964)

Abstract Melt and solution viscosity properties of laboratory‐prepared batch polymerized high pressure polyethylene have been found to correlate well with molecular weight. These polymers have narrow and nearly constant molecular weight distributions and contain essentially no long‐chain branches. Short‐chain branching was found to have little or no effect on the relationships. Polyethylene made in the same reactor having long‐chain branches had melt and solution viscosity properties which deviated seriously from these relationships. The deviations serve as a semiquantitative measure of long‐chain branching. When long‐chain branching is absent, the correlations serve as rapid methods of determining M̄ n for narrow‐distribution polymers.
Glucocorticoid Down-regulation of RhoA Is Required for the Steroid-induced Organization of the Junctional Complex and Tight Junction Formation in Rat Mammary Epithelial Tumor Cells (2003)

In Con8 mammary epithelial tumor cells, we have documented previously that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone induces the reorganization of the tight junction and adherens junction (apical junction) and stimulates the monolayer transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), which is a reliable in vitro measurement of tight junction sealing. Western blots demonstrated that dexamethasone treatment down-regulated the level of the RhoA small GTPase prior to the stimulation of the monolayer TER. To test the role of RhoA in the steroid regulation of apical junction dynamics functionally, RhoA levels were altered in Con8 cells by transfection of either constitutively active (RhoA.V14) or dominant negative (RhoA.DN19) forms of RhoA. Ectopic expression of constitutively active RhoA disrupted the dexamethasone-stimulated localization of zonula occludens-1 and beta-catenin to sites of cell-cell contact, inhibited tight junction sealing, and prevented the complete formation of the F-actin ring structure at the apical side of the cell monolayer. In a complementary manner, dominant negative RhoA caused a precocious organization of the tight junction, adherens junction, and the F-actin rings in the absence of steroid, whereas the monolayer TER remained glucocorticoid-responsive. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the glucocorticoid down-regulation of RhoA is a required step in the steroid signaling pathway which controls the organization of the apical junctional complex and the actin cytoskeleton in mammary epithelial cells.
Expression of enzymes and receptors of the leukotriene pathway in human neuroblastoma promotes tumor survival and provides a target for therapy (2008)

The metabolism of arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenase (COX) or lipoxygenase (LO) pathways generates eicosanoids that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we examined the expression and significance of components within the 5-LO pathway in human neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. High expression of 5-LO, 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP), leukotriene A(4) hydrolase, leukotriene C(4) synthase, and leukotriene receptors was detected in a majority of primary neuroblastoma tumors and all cell lines investigated. Expression of 5-LO and FLAP was evident in tumor cells but not in nonmalignant adrenal medulla where neuroblastomas typically arise. Moreover, neuroblastoma cells produce leukotrienes, and stimulation of neuroblastoma cells with leukotrienes increased neuroblastoma cell viability. Inhibitors of 5-LO (AA-861), FLAP (MK-886), or the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast inhibited neuroblastoma cell growth by induction of G(1)-cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Similarly, specific 5-LO and leukotriene receptor silencing by small interfering RNA decreased neuroblastoma cell growth. These findings provide new insights into the pathobiology of neuroblastoma, and the use of leukotriene pathway inhibitors as a novel adjuvant therapy for children with neuroblastoma warrants further consideration.
Analyzing taxes on business income with the marginal effective tax rate model (1990)

enterprises ; taxation ; mathematical models ; developing countries
Importance of the Carboxyl-terminal Four Amino Acid Residues in the Inhibitory Activity of Streptomyces Subtilisin Inhibitor (With a Revision of Its Carboxyl-terminal Sequence)1 (1980)

The carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) was reinvestigated by analysis of the amino acid sequences of the thermolysin peptides from the C-terminal decapeptide, and the sequence -Val110-Ala-Phe-Phe113, which was reported in J. Biochem. 76, 1191-1209 (1974), was revised to -Val110-Phe-Ala-Phe113. Carboxypeptidase A digestion of SSI resulted in loss of the inhibitory activity in parallel with the release of the carboxyl-terminal four amino acid residues. The resulting modified inhibitor, des(Val110-Phe113)-SSI, possessed almost full inhibitory activity against subtilisin BPN' when the inhibitor was incubated with the enzyme in amounts less than one mol of enzyme per mol of the inhibitor. However, no inhibitor activity was observed when the molar ratio of the inhibitor to the enzyme was less than one. This phenomenon suggests that the carboxyl-terminal four amino acid residues might play an important role in the maintenance of the three-dimensional structure of SSI, which resists the action of the proteinase. The addition of more than 30-fold molar excess of SSI-(104-113)-decapeptide (C-terminal decapeptide of SSI) to the modified inhibitor resulted in refolding of the polypeptide chain, rendering it immune from proteolytic digestion.
Group-delay measurements using the phase-shift method: improvement on the accuracy (2002)

We derive an instrument function for group-delay measurements with the phase-shift method and use the function to investigate the effect of modulation frequency on the measurement results. Our approach allows a convenient means to estimate the measurement error and to reconstruct the group-delay profile.
Inorganic Encapsulation Method Using Solution-Processible Polysilazane for Flexible Solar Cells (2020)

In this work, we employed the method of perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) conversion into silica for encapsulating flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The conversion process was conducted by the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation method. To avoid the degradation of PSCs by the PHPS solution and high-energy light illumination of VUV (λ = 172 nm), the CdSe/ZnS-quantum dot (QD) was diffused in the polydimethylsiloxane matrix as a barrier layer. The barrier layer efficiently blocked the penetration of the PHPS solution into PSCs and UV illumination during the PHPS curing process. The resulting encapsulation layer presented a water vapor transmission rate of 8.63 × 10–3 g m−2 d–1 (37.8 °C/100 RH %, relative humidity), enhancing the performance of PSCs because of the luminescence downshifting from QDs. Finally, we applied this encapsulation method to flexible PSCs. Their lifetime was enhanced by more than 400 h under ambient temperature.
Mice deficient in epidermal PPARγ exhibit loss of sebaceous glands as well as augmented apoptosis and inflammation in response to ultraviolet B (2010)

Previous pharmacological studies have provided conflicting results regarding the relevance of PPARγ in photobiology. In these current studies, we utilize a cytokeratin 14 promoter driven CRE‐LoxP strategy to examine how loss of epidermal PPARγ (KO mice) alters ultraviolet B (UVB) responses in mouse skin. We first demonstrate an increase in PPARγ ligand production in lipid extracts of mouse epidermis irradiated with 1500 J/m 2 of UVB. We next show that after 24 hrs, KO mice exhibit a marked increase (> 4‐fold) in UVB‐induced apoptosis as measured by epidermal caspase 3 activity. We next assessed UVB‐induced inflammatory responses. At 24 and 72 hrs post‐irradiation, KO mice exhibited increased inflammation as determined by significant increases in skin thickness, myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory cell infiltrates. Given that inflammatory infiltrates typically occur at 36–48 hrs post‐UVB, these studies suggest an earlier onset of inflammation in KO mice. Finally, in data unrelated to UVB irradiation, adult KO mice also exhibited almost complete loss of sebaceous glands. This data provides compelling evidence that epidermal PPARγ serves an important role in regulating the acute epidermal photoresponse and is necessary for sebaceous gland development and/or maintenance. Supported by funding by the National Institutes of Health and the Prevent Cancer Foundation.
Steady-State D<sup>3</sup>HE Proton Production in an IEC Fusion Device (2001)

Inertial electrostatic confinement of ions has been successfully used to achieve conditions necessary for the fusion of advanced fuels, such as 3He. This type of device at the University of Wisconsin was the first to produce steady-state D3He fusion, and has since produced up to 7 × 106 14.7 MeV proton/s from the D3He fusion reaction. The factors influencing the reaction rate and the experimental results are discussed.
Long-term administration of "sho-saiko-to" increases cytochrome P-450 mRNA level in liver. (1998)

Simplified differential display of mRNA was applied to isolate and identify genes transcriptionally regulated in mouse liver by sho-saiko-to administration. A cDNA fragment up-regulated by sho-saiko-to was isolated and characterized. cDNA sequencing and subsequent database analysis revealed that the fragment showed significant sequence similarity with mouse testosterone 16-alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450[16alpha]) cDNA. The increased level of mRNA expression of cytochrome P-450(16alpha) in association with sho-saiko-to administration suggests the molecular mechanism of the chemopreventive effect of sho-saiko-to. This result indicates the usefulness of the mRNA differential display technique to investigate the molecular mechanism of Kampo medicine.
Studies of Stimulated Raman Scattering in Laser Plasma Interactions (2002)

Coupled theoretical and computational work is presented aimed at understanding and modeling stimulated Raman backscattering (SRBS) relevant to laser-plasma interactions (LPIs) in large-scale, nearly homogeneous plasmas.With the aid of a new code for simulating and studying the nonlinear coupling in space-time of a large number of modes, and a fluid Vlasov-Maxwell code for studying the evolution of large amplitude electron plasma waves, we report results and their interpretations to elucidate the following five observed, nonlinear phenomena associated with SRBS: coupling of SRBS to Langmuir decay interactions (LDIs); effect of ion-acoustic damping on SRBS; cascading of LDI; SRS cascades; and stimulated electron acoustic wave scattering (SEAS).
Fundamental Tradeoffs on Green Wireless Networks (2011)

Traditional design of mobile wireless networks mainly focuses on ubiquitous access and large capacity. However, as energy saving and environmental protection become a global demand and inevitable trend, wireless researchers and engineers need to shift their focus to energy-efficiency oriented design, that is, green radio. In this paper, we propose a framework for green radio research and integrate the fundamental issues that are currently scattered. The skeleton of the framework consists of four fundamental tradeoffs: deployment efficiency - energy efficiency tradeoff, spectrum efficiency - energy efficiency tradeoff, bandwidth - power tradeoff, and delay - power tradeoff. With the help of the four fundamental tradeoffs, we demonstrate that key network performance/cost indicators are all stringed together.
Metal-Free Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes in Water with Vasicine: Revelation of Organocatalytic Facet of an Abundant Alkaloid (2014)

Vasicine, an abundantly available quinazoline alkaloid from the leaves of Adhatoda vasica, has been successfully employed for metal- and base-free reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines in water. The method is chemoselective and tolerates a wide range of reducible functional groups, such as ketones, nitriles, esters, halogens, and heterocyclic rings. Dinitroarenes reduced selectively to the corresponding nitroanilines under the present reaction conditions.
TNF‐α‐mediates neuroprotection against glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity via NF‐κB‐dependent up‐regulation of K<sub>Ca</sub>2.2 channels (2008)

Previous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces neuroprotection against excitotoxic damage in primary cortical neurons via sustained nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. The transcription factor NF-kappaB can regulate the expression of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (K(Ca)) channels. These channels reduce neuronal excitability and as such may yield neuroprotection against neuronal overstimulation. In the present study we investigated whether TNF-alpha-mediated neuroprotective signaling is inducing changes in the expression of small conductance K(Ca) channels. Interestingly, the expression of K(Ca)2.2 channel was up-regulated by TNF-alpha treatment in a time-dependent manner whereas the expression of K(Ca)2.1 and K(Ca)2.3 channels was not altered. The increase in K(Ca)2.2 channel expression after TNF-alpha treatment was shown to be dependent on TNF-R2 and NF-kappaB activation. Furthermore, activation of small conductance K(Ca) channels by 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime or cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine-induced neuroprotection against a glutamate challenge. Treatment with the small conductance K(Ca) channel blocker apamin or K(Ca)2.2 channel siRNA reverted the neuroprotective effect elicited by TNF-alpha. We conclude that treatment of primary cortical neurons with TNF-alpha leads to increased K(Ca)2.2 channel expression which renders neurons more resistant to excitotoxic cell death.
THE INHIBITION OF SURFACE PHAGOCYTOSIS BY THE CAPSULAR "SLIME LAYER" OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III (1949)

Five strains of type III pneumococcus have been shown to possess wide capsular slime layers during the logarithmic phase of growth in serum broth. The slime layer stains metachromatically with methylene blue and can be visualized under the electron microscope as a fuzzy halo which extends well beyond the surace of the capsule proper and causes centrifugates of the organism to be of extremely large volume. This outer capsular structure is most readily demonstrated in vivo and in nutrient broth containing glucose and serum. It disappears from the surface of the cell with aging of the culture, and is easily removed by dilute alkali, alcohol, and heat. Exposure of slime-covered type III pneumococci to homologous antibody and to type III polysaccharidase reveals that the slime layer contains the same type-specific polysaccharide that is present in the rest of the capsule. From a type III strain producing a prominent slime layer an intermediate mutant has been isolated which forms small non-mucoid colonies on blood agar and possesses a relatively small capsule with a barely discernible slime layer. The wide slime layer protects virulent type III pneumococci from surface phagocytosis. Whenever the type III cells lose their broad slime layer, whether from aging of the culture, from mutation, from exposure to injurious chemicals, or from the action of type III polysaccharidase, they become susceptible to phagocytosis by the surface mechanism. Once phagocyted the type III pneumococci are promptly destroyed, even in the absence of antibodies.
The Surgical Treatment of Hæmorrhoids (1882)

it would not be better to retain our nineteen examining bodies, and try whether we cannot induce them to compete with one another as to which should have the highest character, do most to improve educa- tion, and so elevate our professional character.This it is that seems to me to be the all important object at which we should aim, to stimu'ate our examining bodies to compete as to which should have the highest character.IIitherto the competition has, it is said, been as to which could make its examinations most easy, and so attract candi(dates to its portals.This may be true of some; but when such a charge is brought against us, we can lift our heads with pride and refute it by pointing, not to one, but to the majority of our
EUVE telemetry storage and retrieval (1993)

A system for archiving and retrieval of EUVE telemetry is described. The goals of the system design include archiving with no loss of information and providing flexibility of access that is based on criteria meaningful to the user and that is also independent of storage implementation. User access to the archival telemetry is provided in a stream-oriented fashion based on time. The mapping of time intervals to file locations on storage media is implemented with a relational database.