gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface charging and current collapse in an AlGaN∕GaN heterostructure field effect transistor (2005)

This work investigates the correlation between surface charging and current collapse in an AlGaN∕GaN heterostructure field effect transistor. Surface charging due to applied biases was sensed by mapping the surface potential between the gate and drain using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Due to the bias, the surface band bending near the gate edge was observed to increase by as much as 1 eV. This increase of band bending is caused by an accumulation of excess charge near the surface during the applied bias. By varying the duration of the applied bias, we find that this accumulation of excess charge near the gate takes about 20 s to saturate. Continuous monitoring of the surface potential after switching off the bias shows that a complete relaxation of the excess band bending requires about 800 s. Drain current transient measurements show that the collapse and recovery of the drain current also occur on similar time scales. This correlation between time scales indicates that the accumulation of excess charge near the gate edge causes current collapse by depletion of the channel.
EBV-induced human B cell lymphomas in hu-PBL-SCID mice. (1992)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in normal individuals and immunoblastic B cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed or HIV-infected individuals. SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-SCID) from EBV-seropositive donors also may develop spontaneous B cell lymphomas which histologically and phenotypically resemble post-transplant tumors, and are distinct from BL. These tumors always contain EBV DNA. We have noted three different reproducible outcomes depending upon the EBV-seropositive donor used for generation of hu-PBL-SCID mice: (i) no tumors appear; (ii) tumors appear in a fraction of hu-PBL-SCID mice with a 10-20 wk. latent period; or (iii) tumors appear in all hu-PBL-SCID mice within 6-10 wk. Southern blot analysis of late versus early tumors using a probe specific for the EBV terminal repeat sequences (BamNJ), which allows distinction between circular latent and linear replicating genomes, shows that late tumors do not involve active EBV replication but that early tumors do show replicating genomes. In addition, EBV genomes were monoclonal in late tumors but polyclonal in early tumors. These data suggest two mechanisms for EBV lymphomagenesis, slow outgrowth of rare latently-infected B cells, and more rapid transformation of uninfected bystander B cells by replicating virus. The latter process may be highly amenable to therapy in patients at risk for EBV-related lymphomas. In addition, prospective screening of EBV-seropositive transplant recipients in the hu-PBL-SCID model may predict the risk of post-transplant lymphoma development.
Small GTP-binding proteins of the ras family: a conserved functional mechanism? (1991)

Mutated ras genes can acquire a transforming potential and are frequently detected in human tumors. The mammalian ras gene family includes at least 35 distinct members that can be divided into three main groups on the basis of their sequence similarity to ras, rho, or rab genes. All these genes encode small GTP-binding proteins. Rho proteins are implicated in actin organization and control of cell shape, probably by interacting with the cytoskeleton and intracellular membranes. Rab proteins are involved in vesicular traffic, and appear to control the translocation of vesicles from donor to acceptor membranes. The precise function of ras proteins is unknown, although the prevailing view is that they act as transducers of mitogenic signals. We propose that ras proteins, by analogy with rho and rab, are involved in the lateral segregation of multi-protein complexes at the plasma membrane, and we suggest how this process may be important for mitogenic signal transduction.
Analysis of inflammation- and atherosclerosis-related gene polymorphisms in branch retinal vein occlusion. (2009)

As none of the investigated gene variants was significantly more prevalent in BRVO patients than among control subjects, our data suggest that these polymorphisms themselves are unlikely major risk factors for BRVO.
Tibial Rotation is Not Restored after ACL Reconstruction with a Hamstring Graft (2006)

Recent research suggests ACL reconstruction does not restore tibial rotation to normal levels during high demand activities when a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is used. We asked if an alternative graft, the semitendinosus-gracilis (ST/G) tendon graft, could restore tibial rotation during a high demand activity. Owing to its anatomic similarity with the normal ACL we hypothesized the ST/G graft could restore excessive tibial rotation to normal healthy levels along with a successful reinstatement of the clinical stability of the knee. We assessed tibial rotation in vivo, using gait analysis. We compared the knees of ACL reconstructed patients with an ST/G graft to their intact contralateral and healthy controls during a pivoting task that followed a stair descent. We also evaluated knee stability after ACL reconstruction with standard clinical tests. ACL reconstruction with the ST/G graft and with current techniques did not restore tibial rotation to previous physiological levels during an activity with increased rotational loading at the knee, although abnormal anteroposterior (AP) tibial translation was restored.
Fraunhofer regime of operation for superconducting quantum interference filters (2008)

Series arrays of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with incommensurate loop areas, so-called superconducting quantum interference filters (SQIFs), are investigated in the kilohertz and the gigahertz frequency range. In SQIFs made of high-Tc bicrystal junctions the flux-to-voltage response ∂V/∂Φ is dominated by the variation in the critical current in the individual junctions (Fraunhofer-type) rather than by the SQUIDs interference. For a SQIF with 20 SQUID loops we find ∂V/∂Φ=40 mV/Φ0 and a dynamic range of more than 60 dB in the kilohertz range. In the 1–2 GHz range the estimated power gain is 20 dB and the magnetic flux noise level is as low as 10−4Φ0.
Use of gHgL for Attachment of Epstein-Barr Virus to Epithelial Cells Compromises Infection (2004)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotropic herpesvirus. However, access to B lymphocytes during primary infection may be facilitated by replication in mucosal epithelial cells. Attachment and penetration of EBV into these two cell types are fundamentally different. Both the distribution of receptors and the cellular origin of the virus impact the efficiency of infection. Epithelial cells potentially offer a wide range of receptors with which virus can interact. We report here on analyses of epithelial cells expressing different combinations of receptors. We find that the stoichiometry of the virus glycoprotein complex that includes gHgL and gp42 affects the use of gHgL not just for entry into epithelial cells but also for attachment. Penetration can be mediated efficiently with either a coreceptor for gp42 or gHgL, but the use of gHgL for attachment as well as penetration greatly compromises its ability to mediate entry.
Isolation, reactivity, and molecular structure of bis(2,2'-bipyridine)(.mu.-N-acetyl-L-cysteinato-S)diplatinum: model of the interaction of platinum with protein sulfur residues (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation, reactivity, and molecular structure of bis(2,2'-bipyridine)(.mu.-N-acetyl-L-cysteinato-S)diplatinum: model of the interaction of platinum with protein sulfur residuesKathryn A. Mitchell, Katherine C. Streveler, and Craig M. JensenCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 12, 2608–2609Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00064a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00064a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Chemistry of oxasilacyclopropane. 2. Formations of dioxasilacyclopentanes in the reaction of oxasilacyclopropane derivatives with adamantanone and norbornone (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of oxasilacyclopropane. 2. Formations of dioxasilacyclopentanes in the reaction of oxasilacyclopropane derivatives with adamantanone and norbornoneWataru Ando, Masayuki Ikeno, and Akira SekiguchiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 11, 3613–3615Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00479a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00479a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Teosinte glume architecture 1</i> : A Genetic Locus Controlling a Key Step in Maize Evolution (1993)

Teosinte, the probable progenitor of maize, has kernels that are encased in hardened fruitcases, which interfere with the use of the kernels as food. Although the components of the fruitcase are present in maize, their development is disrupted so that the kernels are not encased as in teosinte but exposed on the ear. The change from encased to exposed kernels represents a key step in maize evolution. The locus that largely controls this morphological difference between maize and teosinte, teosinte glume architecture 1, is described and genetically mapped.
Iron-containing cells in the honey-bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>): II. accumulation during development (1986)

The development of iron granules in honey-bee tissues was investigated using both anatomical and analytical methods. Iron granules are present only in the trophocytes of post-eclosion adults and have the same elemental composition as those in foraging adults. The granules increase in both size and number during ageing. Iron levels in developing worker honey-bees were measured by proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. The rate of iron accumulation was directly related to iron levels in the diet, and the iron can be obtained from pollen and honey, both major food sources of the bee. In adults, the iron content of the fat body reached a maximum level (2.4 +/- 0.15 micrograms mg-1 tissue), regardless of the amount of iron available for ingestion. Maximal iron levels are reached at the time when honey-bee workers commence foraging behaviour, suggesting that iron granules may play a role in orientation. Alternatively, accumulation of iron in granules may be a method of maintaining iron homeostasis.
Peripheral interface standards for microprocessors (1976)

Interfacing a peripheral to a microprocessor requires a peripheral interface attached to the processor and a controller within the peripheral, with usually a transmission link in between. Universal and special interface circuits are becoming available for an easy interface with the various microprocessor peripherals. The use of programmable interfaces increases the flexibility of the interface, and standards are necessary for reaching high-volume production. Present standards include serial EIA RS232 and the recent Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus for measuring instruments. Four new standards developed and used at the Mini and Microcomputer Laboratory of Lausanne fill a gap at the following levels: 1) microprocessor data, address, and control bus, 2) parallel data transfer, 3) simple serial data transfer with handshake, and 4) serial bus for data exchange between terminals and processors.
Isolation and Description of the Pectinase‐Inhibiting Tannins of Grape Leaves (1962)

SUMMARY Studies were continued on the tannin in Muscadine grape leaves previously reported to have inhibitory activity toward peetinase and cellnlase. The tannin was isolated and purified by precipitation with caffeine and recovery by chloroform extraction. The material is a light tan, and in the freeze‐dried form is quite bulky. It is a condensed tannin of high molecular weight, producing a large percentage of phlobaphenes upon acid treatment. The soluble portion after acid treatment was shown to contain gallic acid and glucose in small amounts.
Long‐term bone mass evaluation of mandible and lumbar spine in a group of women receiving hormone replacement therapy (1996)

The overall aim of this study was to examine the relationship between bone mass of the jaw and the axial skeleton. Sixty-nine subjects (age at entry: 32-64), who underwent hormone replacement therapy during the study period, participated. Bone mass of the lumbar spine was determined using dual photon absorptiometry. The jaw-bone of the posterior region of the mandible was evaluated by means of standardized long-cone radiography using individual bite-blocks. A densitometric wedge in the film holder provided a reference to quantify bone mass. From both measurements, it appeared that the bone mass of the mandible and the lumbar spine showed a moderate relationship. The present results also confirmed that estrogen replacement therapy had a positive effect on the bone mass of the mandible and the lumbar spine. Different estrogen regimens resulted in different increases in bone mass during the observation period, which was on average 5 yr.
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax among American Blood Donors (1998)

In the United States, all blood used for transfusion is tested for the presence of antibodies to the structural components of the human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). Based on such serologic tests, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection is estimated to range from 0.016 to 0.1%. As a consequence of studies of patients with mycosis fungoides and some of their healthy relatives who are antibody negative but were found to carry the tax sequence of HTLV-1 in their lymphocytes and who had antibodies to the p40(tax) protein, a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of the "tax-only" state in 250 healthy blood donors and other volunteers. Using PCR and Southern analysis for cell lysates and using Western blotting for plasmas, 8.6% of the blood donors proved to be tax sequence positive and antibody positive. Sequence analysis of specimens from 22 individuals proved that 20 of the sequences were homologous with that of HTLV-1 while 2 resembled the HTLV-2 sequence. The latter were obtained from volunteers of Indian origin. The possible clinical significance of the tax-only carrier state is discussed.
The Ins and Outs of Modern Ports: Rethinking Container Security (2009)

This paper specifically addresses those measures taken since September 11, 2001, that deal directly with the security of our cargo containers, the largest segment of the international supply chain.Part One provides a backdrop for legislation of trade and port security.Part Two discusses the law mandating various measures for cargo security.Part Three addresses differences between the industry experts and Congress on how best to tackle security issues relating to containers.The primary focus of this paper deals with the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006, which stands apart from the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002,' but remains an integral part of maritime security.The SAFE Port Ace brought together several initiatives already in practice, and some other seemingly unrelated legislation. 3 The three initiatives discussed in this paper are the Container Security Initiative, 4 Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism, 5 and the much discussed 100 percent scanning amendment
The transfer function method for gear system dynamics applied to conventional and minimum excitation gearing designs (1982)

A transfer function method for predicting the dynamic responses of gear systems with more than one gear mesh is developed and applied to the NASA Lewis four-square gear fatigue test apparatus. Methods for computing bearing-support force spectra and temporal histories of the total force transmitted by a gear mesh, the force transmitted by a single pair of teeth, and the maximum root stress in a single tooth are developed. Dynamic effects arising from other gear meshes in the system are included. A profile modification design method to minimize the vibration excitation arising from a pair of meshing gears is reviewed and extended. Families of tooth loading functions required for such designs are developed and examined for potential excitation of individual tooth vibrations. The profile modification design method is applied to a pair of test gears.
Chemical Reaction Hazards (1997)

Process assessment and definition techniques for evaluating chemical reaction hazards interpreting data with repsects to process operation and plant design process risk analysis selecting and specifying a basis of safety general hazards of plant operation operating procedures and instructions.
Selective Irreversible Inhibition of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase from <i>Trypanosoma b</i><i>rucei</i> (2006)

An irreversible competitive inhibitor hydroxynaphthaldehyde phosphate was synthesized that is highly selective against the glycolytic enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Trypanosoma brucei (causative agent of sleeping sickness). Inhibition involves Schiff base formation by the inhibitor aldehyde with Lys116 followed by reaction of the resultant Schiff base with a second residue. Molecular simulations indicate significantly greater molecular geometries conducive for nucleophilic attack in T. brucei aldolase than the mammalian isozyme and suggest Ser48 as the Schiff base modifying residue.
Tactical battlefield ATM (2002)

The Tactical Battlefield ATM Network will provide the communications infrastructure needed to interconnect distributed resources across the battlefield to allow rapid and intelligent use of resources. The network will open up the battlefield to a new class of applications that could not be supported by the existing systems. A soldier on the battlefield using a computer could, through the Tactical ATM Network have instantaneous access to databases and information contained anywhere in the global grid network. The communication links in conjunction with concepts such as hierarchical routing will also allow the transfer of maps, text. voice and video. While video teleconferencing would not be feasible to an individual soldier over tactical communication links it would be possible to send an image showing an over the hill view of the battlefield. This over the hill picture would be composed of information pulled from distributed databases located throughout the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frictional Afterslip Following the 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake, Sumatra (2006)

Continuously recording Global Positioning System stations near the 28 March 2005 rupture of the Sunda megathrust [moment magnitude (Mw) 8.7] show that the earthquake triggered aseismic frictional afterslip on the subduction megathrust, with a major fraction of this slip in the up-dip direction from the main rupture. Eleven months after the main shock, afterslip continues at rates several times the average interseismic rate, resulting in deformation equivalent to at least a M(w) 8.2 earthquake. In general, along-strike variations in frictional behavior appear to persist over multiple earthquake cycles. Aftershocks cluster along the boundary between the region of coseismic slip and the up-dip creeping zone. We observe that the cumulative number of aftershocks increases linearly with postseismic displacements; this finding suggests that the temporal evolution of aftershocks is governed by afterslip.
Is water diffusion restricted in human brain white matter? An echo-planar NMR imaging study (1993)

Water diffusion is extremely anisotropic in brain white matter, depending on myelin fiber orientation. A suggested, but unproven cause of anisotropy is that, in the direction transverse to the myelin fibers, axonal water diffusion is prevented by the presence of the myelin sheath. We found, however, using an ultra-fast nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique, that the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the diffusion time does not support the model of water restriction by impenetrable barriers. These results, which were obtained non-invasively in vivo in the human brain, imply that water diffuses with a measurable rate across myelin fibers.
Effect of Ti substitution on the thermoelectric properties of (Zr,Hf)NiSn half-Heusler compounds (2005)

The effect of Ti substitution on the thermoelectric properties of (Zr,Hf)NiSn half-Heusler compounds was studied. It was found that the substitution of Ti for (Zr,Hf) reduced the thermal conductivity significantly to a low value of 3.0W∕mK at room temperature. In addition, a remarkable enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient due to Ti substitution was observed. Furthermore, doping of the Sn sites in (Ti,Zr,Hf)NiSn with Sb led to a reduction in the electrical resistivity and to a corresponding enhancement of the power factor. In Sb-doped (Ti,Zr,Hf)NiSn compounds, the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, increased with the increase in temperature and reached a high maximum value of 1.5 at 700K.
Epidural Anesthesia Performed 2 Hours after Epidural Blood Patch (1988)

A 44-year-old man with an established postdural puncture headache was scheduled to undergo extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as an outpatient. On admission to the outpatient unit, a lumbar epidural catheter was inserted and used to perform an epidural blood patch. This procedure relieved the headache, and 2 hours later epidural anesthesia for his ESWL was administered via the same epidural catheter. The patient had satisfactory epidural anesthesia and longterm relief of his headache with this approach.