gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon Selective Epitaxial Growth and Electrical Properties of Epi/Sidewall Interfaces (1989)

Facet formation and stacking fault generation in silicon selective epitaxial growth are studied. On selective epilayer surfaces, a {311} facet and a {111} microfacet are formed on a {100} and a {111} substrate, respectively. In selective epilayers, stacking faults are observed adjacent to the sidewall Facet-free and stacking-fault-free selective epilayers are obtained using the <100>-orinted sidewall at low growth temperatures. These results are explained by an epitaxial growth model at hollow bridge sites. Electrical properties of the interfaces between the selective epilayer and the sidewall are also studied. The <100>-oriented SiO 2 sidewall has better electrical characteristics than other sidewall orientations and sidewall materials.
Northern Blot Analysis (2003)

In the analysis of gene expression, the steady-state level of RNA transcripts is one of the most convenient parameters used to monitor the gene activity in cell lines and tissues. A variety of methods, such as S1 hybridization, RNase protection, and Northern blotting, can be used to measure RNA levels, and the choice of the best assay system depends largely on the type of information required, levels of sensitivity, and limitations of the particular in vivo system being examined. This chapter details the method for analyzing RNA by Northern blotting, which basically involves the isolation of RNA, its size fractionation by electrophoresis, transfer to membrane, and detection by nucleic acid hybridization and autoradiography.
A summary of USSR thermionic energy conversion activity (1978)

The paper surveys the research and development associated with thermionic energy conversion in the USSR. Consideration is given to the basic physics of the thermionic converter, the development of thermionic nuclear reactors including the three TOPAZ models, radioisotope-heated generators, and the thermionic topping of fossil-fueled electric-power plants. Comparisons are made between U.S. and USSR capabilities in thermionic energy conversion and potential cooperative programs are noted.
Design of a 4 GHz quadrature LC -VCO with transformer coupling (2008)

A 4 GHz quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) topology is proposed where a planar spiral transformer is used as coupling terminals. Two identical LC oscillators are cross-coupled by the transformer to generate the quadrature outputs. The transformer also serves as filtering network for the oscillators to improve the phase noise performance. The quadrature oscillator based on the proposed topology with additional design ideas has been implemented in a 0.18 um mixed-signal 1P6M CMOS technology for 4 GHz-band operation. The simulation gave a phase noise of -122dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with an output power of 1dBm, while dissipating 7.8 mA under a 1.8 V supply.
Quantification of amphibole content in expanded vermiculite products from Libby, Montana U.S.A. using powder X-ray diffraction (2006)

Five expanded vermiculite samples known to have originated from the former vermiculite mine near Libby, Montana were analyzed using powder XRD to quantify their amphibole content. An expanded vermiculite with no detectable amphibole based on our XRD methods discussed herein was spiked with 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10 000 ppm Libby amphiboles to determine the detection limit of XRD and to develop a calibration method. The 110 amphibole peaks were not detectable in the 100 and 500 ppm samples; thus, defining the detection limit. The 110 peak areas for the remaining samples were measured and used to form a calibration curve relating peak area to ppm amphibole. Of the five Libby samples, each had detectable levels of amphibole and their amphibole content ranged from 1171 to 9218 ppm. The XRD method provides a bulk measurement of the total amphibole content. To determine the amount of asbestiform amphiboles, morphological considerations obtained by microscopy techniques are required. From the results of a previous polarized light microscopy study, the five expanded vermiculites in this study would contain from 390 to 3073 ppm asbestiform amphiboles and not be subject to regulation on the basis of the 1% rule used by regulatory agencies in the U.S.A.
ANTENNAVERTERS AND ANTENNAFIERS (1961)

A study was made of antennaverters and antennafiers which are antenna-receiving system combinations having part of the receiver circuitry integrated into the antenna structure. The antennaverter combines the antenna and converter into a single unit, and the antennafier combines the antenna and RF amplifier into a single unit. Antennaverters and antennafiers are practical with presently available solid-state devices such as the tunnel diode. Advances in solidstate circuitry and molecular electronics should soon make practical the integration of an entire receiver (except perhaps for output display) into the antenna structure. (Author)
Glial cell death induced by overexpression of α‐synuclein (2001)

alpha-Synuclein is present in intracellular protein aggregates that are hallmarks of common neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. alpha-Synuclein is localized in neurons and presynaptic terminals. Under pathological conditions, however, it is also found in glia. The role of alpha-synuclein in glial cells and its relevance to the molecular pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is presently unclear. To investigate the consequence of alpha-synuclein overexpression in glia, we transfected U373 astrocytoma cells with vectors encoding wild-type human alpha-synuclein or C-terminally truncated synuclein fused to red fluorescent protein. alpha-synuclein immunocytochemistry of transfected astroglial cells revealed diffuse cytoplasmic labeling associated with discrete inclusions both within cell bodies and processes. Susceptibility to oxidative stress was increased in astroglial cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein, particularly in the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions. Furthermore, overexpression of alpha-synuclein induced apoptotic death of astroglial cells as shown by TUNEL staining. Our in vitro model is the first to replicate salient features of the glial pathology associated with alpha-synucleinopathies. It provides a simple testbed to further explore the cascade of events that leads to apoptotic glial cell death in some of these disorders; it may also be useful to assess the effects of therapeutic interventions including antioxidative and antiapoptotic strategies.
Multilayered waveguide holographic memory card (1999)

We introduce a novel holographic ROM card which consists of multilayered single-mode slab waveguides. Holograms are fabricated in each waveguide layer so that each reconstructed image is focused independently on a CCD panel located close to the memory card. We describe the card design and provide experimental results.
Studies of an Influenza A Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Identify a Late Role for NP in the Formation of Infectious Virions (2008)

The influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) is a single-stranded RNA-binding protein that encapsidates the virus genome and has essential functions in viral-RNA synthesis. Here, we report the characterization of a temperature-sensitive (ts) NP mutant (US3) originally generated in fowl plague virus (A/chicken/Rostock/34). Sequence analysis revealed a single mutation, M239L, in NP, consistent with earlier mapping studies assigning the ts lesion to segment 5. Introduction of this mutation into A/PR/8/34 virus by reverse genetics produced a ts phenotype, confirming the identity of the lesion. Despite an approximately 100-fold drop in the viral titer at the nonpermissive temperature, the mutant US3 polypeptide supported wild-type (WT) levels of genome transcription, replication, and protein synthesis, indicating a late-stage defect in function of the NP polypeptide. Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of the US3 NP was also normal, and the virus actually assembled and released around sixfold more virus particles than the WT virus, with normal viral-RNA content. However, the particle/PFU ratio of these virions was 50-fold higher than that of WT virus, and many particles exhibited an abnormal morphology. Reverse-genetics studies in which A/PR/8/34 segment 7 was swapped with sequences from other strains of virus revealed a profound incompatibility between the M239L mutation and the A/Udorn/72 M1 gene, suggesting that the ts mutation affects M1-NP interactions. Thus, we have identified a late-acting defect in NP that, separate from its function in RNA synthesis, indicates a role for the polypeptide in virion assembly, most likely involving M1 as a partner.
Lamb wave propagation in elastic plates coated with viscoelastic materials (2004)

This paper addresses the effects of attenuative coatings on the dispersion characteristics of Lamb wave propagation in elastic plates. The topology of phase velocity and guided wave attenuation spectra is analyzed as a function of the coating internal damping (longitudinal and shear bulk attenuations) and it is proved that in contrast to elastic plates, all modes are propagating albeit with large attenuation in some cases. An energy-based correspondence between the dispersion of the attenuative bilayer and that of a related elastic bilayer is derived in order to investigate separately the effects of the longitudinal and shear bulk attenuations on the attenuation of the guided modes. It is shown that at low frequency the guided wave attenuation is only slightly affected by the longitudinal bulk attenuation, while the contribution of the shear bulk attenuation is substantial. The attenuation characteristics of shear horizontal modes are compared with those of Lamb modes in order to identify the mode and the frequencies which result in minimum guided wave attenuation.
Ontology-based word sense disambiguation using semi-automatically constructed ontology (2001)

This paper describes a method for disambiguating word senses by using semi-automatically constructed ontology. The ontology stores rich semantic constraints among 1,110 concepts, and enables a natural language processing system to resolve semantic ambiguities by making inferences with the concept network of the ontology. In order to acquire a reasonably practical ontology in limited time and with less manpower, we extend the existing Kadokawa thesaurus by inserting additional semantic relations into its hierarchy, which are classified as case relations and other semantic relations. The former can be obtained by converting valency information and case frames from previously-built electronic dictionaries used in machine translation. The latter can be acquired from concept co-occurrence information, which is extracted automatically from large corpora. In our practical machine translation system, our word sense disambiguation method achieved a 9.2% improvement over methods which do not use an ontology for Korean translation.
Prediction of Sound-Absorbing Performance of Micro-Perforated Panels Using the Transfer Matrix Method (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Micro-perforated panels have tiny pores which attenuate sound based on the Helmholtz resonance principle. That being the case, an appropriate cavity depth should be chosen to fully capitalize on the attenuation potential of the panel. Generally, the panel's sound absorbing performance can be predicted by Maa's theory given information about the panel and the cavity depth. However, in some cases, one cannot use the theory to predict the panel's performance precisely, especially when the micro-perforate has varying diameters and/or irregular hole shapes. In these cases, the sound-absorbing performance of the micro-perforate is different from that of a uniform pore diameter perforate. This paper presents an alternative method to predict the micro-perforated panel's performance precisely. As a first step, the transfer impedance of the micro-perforate should be measured. Then, the transfer matrix method is employed to predict the sound-absorbing performance of a single panel or system of panels. It is demonstrated that the suggested approach can predict the performance very accurately.</div>
Dissolution of uranium dioxide in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (2001)

Uranium dioxide can be dissolved in supercritical CO2 with a CO2-philic TBP-HNO3 complexant to form a highly soluble UO2(NO3)(2).2TBP complex; this new method of dissolving UO2 that requires no water or organic solvent may have important applications for reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels and for treatment of nuclear wastes.
Coherent Optical Generation and Inspection of Two-dimensional Periodic Structures (1977)

Three spatial filtering projects using periodic structures are presented. The aim of the first two methods is to produce from one object (or from a few identical objects, side by side) many identical images, side by side. In the third project irregularities of periodic objects are detected.
Emotions, Immunity, And Disease (1964)

Recent advances in immunology, clarification and the psychophysiology of stress, continued progress in the discovery of emotional factors in relation to physical disease, and the finding of apparent immunological disturbances in conjunction with mental illness lead to this attempt at a theoretical integration of the relation of stress, emotions, immunological dysfunction (especially autoimmunity), and disease, both physical and mental. At this stage, far more questions will be raised than answered. We come to this area of consideration via our own work on personality factors in rheumatoid arthritis, a disease with autoimmune features, and via collaboration with W. Jeffrey Fessel, who has done extensive work on serum protein abnormalities and autoimmunity in mental illness. This very speculative approach aims at encouraging the application of new basic medical concepts to psychiatry and at indirectly suggesting specific areas for future research. The time seems
A Novel Schema for Multipath Video Transferring over Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

Real-time multimedia transport has stringent bandwidth, delay, and loss requirements. It is a great challenge to support such applications in wireless ad hoc networks, which are characterized by frequent link failures and congestion. Using multiple paths in parallel for a real-time multimedia session (called multipath transport) provides a new degree of freedom in designing robust multimedia transport systems. In this article, we describe a novel schema for multipath video transport over wireless ad hoc networks. The main idea of this work is based on transferring video through two disjoint paths using AOMDV. In each of these paths we use video proxy nodes as video caches. The duty of these nodes is to receiving and recognizing video streams, buffering of favorite streams and if possible managing errors locally.
su sheng gao chan you zhi mu cao da ye su sheng huai jian jie (2010)

大叶速生槐为豆科刺槐属落叶乔木,因应用于畜牧饲料或草地牧业,生长1 m高左右时收割鲜嫩枝叶或放牧,故称为牧草.大叶速生槐由吉林省集安市北方园艺研究所引进,经杂交选育及8年栽培试验证明,具有极强的生理抗性和极高的牧草产量,是未来畜牧饲料基地和草地畜牧业的优质速生高产饲料植物.
Angular Distribution of Secondary Electrons from (100) Faces of Copper and Nickel (1960)

The angular distributions of secondary electrons from (001) faces of copper and nickel single crystals have been measured for secondaries in four energy ranges (0-10 ev, 10-20 ev, 20-40 ev, and 40-90 ev) for primary electron energies of 250, 500, and 800 ev. Fine structure was observed which consisted of weak peaks in the angular distribution superimposed on a background having approximately a cosine distribution. After making corrections for the refraction of secondaries at the surface of the crystal, the internal angular distribution peaks fall along principal low-index directions in the crystal as suggested in the quantum-mechanical collision theories of Wooldridge and of Dekker and van der Ziel. The positions, intensities, and widths of the peaks cannot be accounted for in terms of diffraction of the internal secondaries. The observed peaks are believed to be secondaries produced in the initial collision between the primary electron and a lattice electron of the crystal, enough of these secondaries having escaped the crystal without further collisions to make their observation possible. Details of the angular distribution are in agreement with collision theory based on a screened Coulomb interaction with a velocity-dependent screening length. The velocity dependence of the screening coefficient in the screened Coulomb interaction leads to a sharp drop in the inelastic cross section for energy transfers larger than the plasma excitation energy, and it also leads to increased probability for collisions in which the primary suffers only small deflections. The role of the band structure of the crystal in determining the features of the collision is discussed. In Cu and Ni the vacuum level of potential lies in the second Brillouin zone, so only interzone (umklapp) transitions can lead to secondary electron emission from these metals. Surface refraction is treated in terms of a velocity-dependent refractive index, and the experiment offers a means of determining the velocity dependence of the index. Experimental procedures and precautions required to observe the angular distribution fine structure are discussed.
Short syntheses of eburnamonine via .beta.-oxycyclopropylcarbonyl and related intermediates (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShort syntheses of eburnamonine via .beta.-oxycyclopropylcarbonyl and related intermediatesErnest Wenkert, Tomas Hudlicky, and H. D. Hollis ShowalterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 15, 4893–4894Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00483a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1032Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (279 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The effect of low-frequency electrical fields on osteogenesis. (1992)

An in vivo animal model of disuse osteopenia was used to determine the osteogenic potential of specific components of electrical fields. The ability of a complex pulsed electrical field to inhibit loss of bone was compared with the remodeling response generated by extremely low-power, low-frequency (fifteen, seventy-five, and 150-hertz) sinusoidal electrical fields. The left ulnae of thirty adult male turkeys were functionally isolated by creation of distal and proximal epiphyseal osteotomies and then were exposed, for one hour each day, to an electrical field that had been induced exogenously by means of magnetic induction. After a fifty-six-day protocol, the remodeling response was quantified by a comparison of the cross-sectional area of the mid-part of the diaphysis of the functionally isolated ulna with that of the intact contralateral ulna. Disuse resulted in a 13 per cent mean loss of osseous tissue, which was not significantly different than the 10 per cent loss that was caused by disuse treated with inactive coils. Exposure to the pulsed electrical fields prevented this osteopenia and stimulated a 10 per cent mean increase in the bone area. The osteogenic influence of the sinusoidal electrical fields was strongly dependent on the frequency; the 150, seventy-five, and fifteen-hertz sinusoidal fields, respectively, generated a -3 per cent, + 5 per cent, and + 20 per cent mean change in the bone area. These results suggest a tissue sensitivity that is specific to very low-frequency sinusoidal electrical fields, and they imply that the induced electrical fields need not have complex waveforms to be osteogenic. Since the frequency and intensity range of the sinusoidal fields producing the greatest osteogenic response are similar to the levels produced intrinsically by normal functional activity, these results support the hypothesis that electricity plays a role in the retention of the normal remodeling balance within mature bone.
Inhibition of HIV replication by derivatives of naphthalenedisulfonic acids (1990)

*Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 6998, Chicago, IL 60680, †Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ‡PM is a scholar of the American Foundation for AIDS research.
Cyclization of Quinazoline Derivatives (1973)

2-アミノー5-クnPベンゾフェノン[1]からいくつかの段階を経て,7-クロ-1,2-ジヒドB-5-フェニルイミダゾ[1,2-a]キナゾリソ[4a]および8-クロ-2,3-ジヒドrt -6-フェニル-(1H)-ピリミド1,2-allキナゾリソ[4 b]を合成した。[1]から得られる2, 6-ジクロ質-4-フェニルキナゾリンと2-アミノエタノールとの反応によって6-クロ -2-(B-ヒドロキシエチルアミノ)-4-フェニルキナゾリン[3 a]を得た。[3 a]をオキシ塩化リソおよび水酸化カリウム水溶液を用いて閉環したところ好収率で[4a]が得られたe同様に,6-クロ -2- (r-ヒドロキシプロピルアミノ)-4-フェニルキナゾリソ[3 b]は[4 b]に閉環した。以上の閉環反応は[4a]および[4b]を別途合成することによりキナゾリソ環の1-位に起きたことが明らかとなった。すなわち,7-クロ P -4-回目ルー5-フェニル-1,2,4,5-テトラヒドイミダゾ[1, 2-a]キナゾリン[8a]およびクロ-5-メチル-6-フェニル-2, 3, 5, 6-テトラヒドロ-(1 H)-ピリミド[1, 2-a]キナゾリソ[8b]を[1]から合成し,[8a]および[8b]を三臭化リンによって脱メタン反応してそれぞれ[4a]および[4b]を得た
Magnetic lithography using flexible magnetic masks: applications to servowriting (2003)

Magnetic lithography (qualitatively analogous to optical lithography) is a process that transfers information from a patterned magnetic mask (analog of optical photomask) to magnetic media (analog of photoresist). The mask consists of patterned soft magnetic material (FeNiCo, FeCo) deposited on a thin flexible substrate. A flexible magnetic mask is considered a key element for achieving intimate contact between mask and the media. When uniformly magnetized media is brought into contact with the flexible magnetic mask, an externally applied magnetic field selectively changes the magnetic orientation in the areas not contacted by the soft magnetic material. Samples of submicron patterned FeCo and FeNiCo flexible magnetic masks have been fabricated and magnetic transition patterns successfully transferred to hard disk CrCo-based magnetic media. The authors report on the magnetics of the pattern transfer, fabrication of magnetic masks on flexible plastic substrates, magnetic force microscopy images of the magnetic transition patterns, and disk spinstand tests.
A smart spy robot charged and controlled by wireless systems (2015)

This paper presents the development and characterization of a surveillance robot with wireless controlling and wireless charging system. The proposed system composed of surveillance robot, wireless charge transmitter and wireless control station. Surveillance robot is rectangular shape and it has three wheels. It communicates with device through wireless medium such as Bluetooth. Robot has some sensors like Humidity, Temperature, Ultra sonic and PIR. Humidity sensor senses the Humidity around the robot. While Temperature sensor senses the climate changes based on the numerical temperature value. Ultra sonic sensor senses the object present in the way in which the robot has to go. PIR sensor senses the presence of human near the robot. These sensor notations and the information can be received in the mobile with the use of a GSM module. Each and every change can be sensed and the changes can be seen in a mobile through a message. The wireless charging system charges the battery in the robot and it gives the power to all the other modules.