gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoalgesic Effect of Caffeine in Experimental Ischemic Muscle Contraction Pain (1997)

It has been theorized that adenosine is a leading candidate for the metabolite responsible for ischemic muscle pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, on ischemic skeletal muscle contraction pain. Seven healthy adult volunteers with no history of pain disorders, systemic disease, or habitual caffeine use, were chosen for the two-session, cross-over, double-blind study. Every subject received either 200 mg of caffeine (NoDoz, Bristol-Myers) or identical placebo 1 hour before each of the two trials. Ischemia of the forearm was achieved by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to 250 mm Hg. Forearm muscle activity was generated by performance of wrist curis using a 5-gram bar at a rate of 40 cycles per minute. Pain was rated at 15-second intervals for 1 minute using a visual analog scale (0 to 10) with verbal descriptors. Significance was determined by univariate and multivariate analyses of variance and covariance including repeated measures. Pain ratings at 15 seconds in the caffeine trial were significantly lower (P < 0.02) than those in the placebo trial. This effect continued at 30 seconds (P < 0.05). However, by 45 seconds, pain in the caffeine trial was not significantly lower (P = 0.4) than that in the placebo trial. These results show that high-dose caffeine exhibits considerable analgesic efficacy in experimental muscle pain, adding support for a role of adenosine in producing ischemic muscle contraction pain.
The Discovery of LOX-1, its Ligands and Clinical Significance (2011)

LOX-1 is an endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a key molecule in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.The basal expression of LOX-1 is low but highly induced under the influence of proinflammatory and prooxidative stimuli in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, platelets and cardiomyocytes. Multiple lines of in vitro and in vivo studies have provided compelling evidence that LOX-1 promotes endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis induced by oxLDL. The roles of LOX-1 in the development of atherosclerosis, however, are not simple as it had been considered. Evidence has been accumulating that LOX-1 recognizes not only oxLDL but other atherogenic lipoproteins, platelets, leukocytes and CRP. As results, LOX-1 not only mediates endothelial dysfunction but contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation, thrombogenesis, leukocyte infiltration and myocardial infarction, which determine mortality and morbidity from atherosclerosis. Moreover, our recent epidemiological study has highlighted the involvement of LOX-1 in human cardiovascular diseases. Further understandings of LOX-1 and its ligands as well as its versatile functions will direct us to ways to find novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular disease.
Representing Collections as Compositions to support distributed creative cognition and situated creative learning (2007)

We investigate how the creativity support tool combinFormation supports the creativity-oriented course, The Design Process, by representing collections as compositions. Undergraduate students in The Design Process are charged with working in interdisciplinary teams to develop new inventions. combinFormation is a mixed-initiative system that integrates browsing, searching, representing, manipulating, and collecting digital information resources, using the form of the visual composition space. Students use the composition space to develop collections of prior work that support their creative processes of developing new inventions. A quantitative study shows the overall effect of mixed-initiative composition on the performance of student groups on creative projects. To understand the mechanisms of situated creativity support, we follow-up with case-study interviews of two project teams. We develop the frameworks of distributed creative cognition and situated creative learning to analyse the interview data. We find that the mixed-initiative capabilities of procedural generation and human manipulability of visual information representations in the composition space support distributed creative cognition and situated creative learning.
Adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemoradiation for gastric and pancreatic cancer. (1999)

Both gastric and pancreatic cancer remain leading causes of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. While surgical resection continues to be required for long-term cure of both these neoplasms, 5-year survival rates remain poor following surgery alone. For both gastric and pancreatic cancers, studies examining patterns of recurrence following apparently curative resection repeatedly demonstrate high rates of locoregional relapse. In this setting, the addition of chemoradiation delivered either before or following surgery represents a logical strategy to improve local tumor control and possibly improve survival. Data suggest that 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiation, when given at sufficient doses, can effectively palliate patients with unresectable gastric cancer. Whether this approach improves response and survival in patients with resectable gastric cancer remains investigational. Results of ongoing and recently completed trials will provide further information on the utility of 5-fluorouracil-based regimens, as well as the use of other radiation sensitizers, in the adjuvant setting. In patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, the primary goal should be to perform a margin-negative pancreaticoduodenectomy. The use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation may increase the likelihood of achieving this goal, and this approach is being investigated.
Hardware-in-the-loop experimental setup development for a guided projectile in a wind tunnel (2014)

This article presents an experimental setup for parameter identification and control algorithm design for a guided projectile placed inside a wind tunnel. A detailed description of the hardware contained in the projectile such as the actuators, sensors and the embedded computer is given. The associated software environment, namely a custom realtime Linux distribution, the associated application framework and interface to MATLAB/Simulink, is also analyzed. Finally, results concerning the identification of the projectile pitch axis dynamics using the proposed setup are presented.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Actions on the Sympathetic Nervous System and Metabolism* (1982)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected into the brains of rats produces hyperglycemia and an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Neither hypophysectomy nor adrenalectomy prevents CRF-induced hyperglycemia. However, a role of adrenal epinephrine release in mediating CRF-induced hyperglycemia is supported by the finding that the central nervous system-selective somatostatin analog, desAA1,2,4,5,12,13-[D-Trp8]somatostatin, totally prevents the elevation of plasma epinephrine and suppresses the rise of plasma glucose but does not alter the increase in plasma norepinephrine induced by CRF. Pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine completely prevents the CRF-induced rises in plasma glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These results demonstrate that CRF acts within the brain to stimulate sympathetic outflow, which results in the development of hyperglycemia. In contrast to other peptides that act within the central nervous system, e.g. bombesin, TRF, and beta-endorphin, whose hyperglycemic actions depend exclusively on adrenal epinephrine secretion, CRF-induced hyperglycemia is secondary to the enhanced secretion of both epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Abstract P178: Sentinel Platform Reduces Blood Pressure And Crisis Hypertension (2020 Update) (2020)

Introduction: We assessed the efficacy of mobile healthhypertension monitoring for patients enrolled inMedicare’s Remote Physiologic Monitoring (RPM)program. Hypothesis: Uncontrolled hypertension is an increasingepidemic associated with cardiovascular disease.Despite many available treatments, the averagetime to blood pressure control is slow. Lack ofaccess to patient information including bloodpressure data outside of the clinic setting meansthat clinicians cannot easily titrate medications. Wehypothesized that mobile health monitoring andcommunication with clinicians in a Medicare cohortwould decrease the hypertension burden andmitigate crisis blood pressure in patients. Methods: 1,544 patients who had contributed ≥ 20 bloodpressure readings in a remote monitoring programwere included in the study population, spanningclinics in Florida, Tennessee, Arizona, Ohio, Texas,New York, and California. Eligible patients carried adiagnosis of hypertension and had been seen bytheir doctor within the year they were referred. Themobile health platform was utilized to aggregateblood pressure data, which was analyzed by aremote care team and provided to clinicians on amonthly basis. Patients’ doctors and their teamsreviewed and managed the patients based on thedata provided by the mobile-cloud platform. Theremote monitoring program provided alerts to clinicstaff for patients who had blood pressures greaterthan 180mm Hg systolic (crisis hypertension) forexpedited decision making. Results: 1,544 patients who provided >20 BP readingsfrom January 2018 to January 2020 wereincluded in the study. A total of 297,731 bloodpressure readings were included in thisanalysis. Patient readings were stratified byepoch chronologically. The first epoch (E1),represented the first 25% of readings in theremote monitoring system, and the fourth epoch(E4) represented the final 25% of readings.From E1 to E4, patients saw an averagedecrease of 3.8 mmHg in systolic bloodpressure (132.9 vs. 129.1; p<0.001). Theproportion of readings in crisis hypertensionrange decreased from 2.3% to 1.1%; p=0.03). Conclusions: RPM offers a scalable solution to resistant hypertension.
Evolution of the medical Webmaster. (2001)

This description of the medical Webmaster's changing role holds true for nonprofit and for-profit health sites alike.
Are CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>h</sub>1 cells pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory? The ratio of IL-10 to IFN-<sub>γ</sub> or IL-2 determines their function (1995)

Human CD4+ T cells have, like their murine counterparts, been classified on the basis of their cytokine profile. Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4. Th2 cells produce IL-4 but not IFN-gamma or IL-2, and Th0 produce IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma. As IL-2 is the most potent T cell growth factor and IFN-gamma is the strongest activator of macrophages it is not surprising that CD4+ Th1 cells are considered to be pro-inflammatory. However, unlike results in the mouse, where IL-10 is only produced by Th2 cells, human IL-10 is produced by Th0, Th1 and Th2 cells. Hence some human Th1 cells are capable of producing both pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, therefore the function of these cells may not be accurately encapsulated by the 'Th1' terminology. We thus investigated the correlation of cytokine production and function in human CD4+ Th1 clones. Cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-10) was measured in supernatants by ELISA after stimulation with solid-phase anti-CD3. The capacity of these supernatants to activate or inhibit T cell proliferation or LPS induced TNF-alpha production by monocytes was assessed. The ratio of IL-2/IL-10 or IFN-gamma/IL-10 was of critical importance in determining the function of the supernatants. The inhibitory effects were verified to be due to IL-10, as they were neutralized by anti-IL-10 mAb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Composite design patterns (1997)

Software design patterns are the core abstractions from successful recurring problem solutions in software design. Composite design patterns are the core abstractions from successful recurring frameworks. A composite design pattern is a pattern that is best described as the composition of further patterns the integration of which shows a synergy that makes the composition more than just the sum of its parts. This paper presents examples of composite patterns, discusses a role-based analysis and composition technique, and demonstrates that composite patterns extend the pattern idea from single problem solutions to object-oriented frameworks.
Sequence conservation and region shuffling in an endoglucanase and an exoglucanase from <i>Cellulomonas fimi</i> (1986)

Cellulomonas fimi produces an endoglucanase and an exoglucanase which bind strongly to cellulose. Each enzyme contains three distinct regions: a short sequence of about 20 amino acids containing only proline and threonine (the Pro-Thr box); an irregular region, rich in hydroxyamino acids, of low charge density, and which is predicted to have little secondary structure; and an ordered region of higher charge density which contains a potential active site, and which is predicted to have secondary structure. The Pro-Thr box is conserved almost perfectly in the two enzymes. The irregular regions are 50% conserved, and the conserved sequences include four Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sites. The ordered regions appear not to be conserved, but the potential active sites both have the sequence Glu-Xaa7-Asn-Xaa6-Thr; they occur at widely separated sites in the two regions. The order of the regions is reversed in the two enzymes: irregular-Pro-Thr box-ordered in the endoglucanase; ordered-Pro-Thr box-irregular in the exoglucanase. The genes for the two enzymes appear to have arisen by shuffling of two conserved sequences and either one or two other sequences.
Kupffer cell-independent acute hepatocellular oxidative stress and decreased bile formation in post-cold-ischemic rat liver (1999)

The purpose of this study was to examine distribution and time history of oxidative stress during the hyperacute period of reperfusion in the liver grafts undergoing cold ischemia and to investigate roles of Kupffer cells as a potential oxidant source. Rat livers were harvested at 4 degrees C in University of Wisconsin solution and followed by reperfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer under monitoring bile excretion. To investigate oxidative changes, laser-confocal microfluorography was performed in reperfused livers preloaded with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, a fluorescence precursor sensing intracellular hydroperoxide generation. Livers undergoing the 16-hour cold storage displayed an impaired recovery of bile acid-dependent bile output concurrent with a marked increase in hydroperoxide generation in hepatocytes, which occurred as early as 5 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, whereas the status of lobular perfusion was well maintained. Pretreatment with liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate, a Kupffer cell-depleting reagent, did neither alter the reperfusion-induced periportal oxidative changes nor improve the recovery of bile output in the graft. On the other hand, EPCK, a hepatotropic antioxidant composed of vitamin E phosphate ester bound to vitamin C, not only diminished the oxidative changes but also improved the reduction of bile acid-dependent bile output. Furthermore, the reagent was capable of inhibiting H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress in cultured hepatocytes. These results suggest that hepatocytes constitute a major site of the oxidative insult triggered through Kupffer cell-independent mechanisms and serve as an important cellular component to be protected by antioxidant therapeutics.
Face detection and eye location using a modified ALISA texture module (2002)

This paper presents an automatic method for face detection and eye location using a modified version of the ALISA Texture Module. ALISA (Adaptive Learning Image and Signal Analysis) is an adaptive classification engine based on collective learning systems theory. Using supervised training, the ALISA engine builds a set of multi-dimensional feature histograms that estimate the joint PDF of the feature space for the trained class(es). In the current research, 4 to 6 general-purpose texture and color features are used, which require only a few thousand bins (unique feature vectors) to represent faces for several different ethnic groups by allocating the feature space dynamically. The method first detects the face regions using the ALISA texture module and then locates the eyes inside these regions. A preliminary comparison with a widely-used parametric approach for modeling color information in the presence of changing illumination conditions, demonstrates that the ALISA texture module offers significantly better accuracy for detecting regions of skin. The proposed method also offers competitive speed and is thus feasible for real-time applications to both still images and video sequences.
A complement receptor locus: genes encoding C3b/C4b receptor and C3d/Epstein-Barr virus receptor map to 1q32. (1987)

The alternative or classical pathways for complement system component C3 may be triggered by microorganisms and antigen-antibody complexes. In particular, an activated fragment of C3, C3b, covalently attaches to microorganisms or antigen-antibody complexes, which in turn bind to the C3b receptor, also known as complement receptor 1. The genes encoding the proteins that constitute the C3-activating enzymes have been cloned and mapped to a "complement activation" locus in the major histocompatibility complex, and we demonstrate in this study such a locus on the long arm of chromosome 1 at band 1q32.
Genetic Variation in the Nuclear and Organellar Genomes Modulates Stochastic Variation in the Metabolome, Growth, and Defense (2015)

Recent studies are starting to show that genetic control over stochastic variation is a key evolutionary solution of single celled organisms in the face of unpredictable environments. This has been expanded to show that genetic variation can alter stochastic variation in transcriptional processes within multi-cellular eukaryotes. However, little is known about how genetic diversity can control stochastic variation within more non-cell autonomous phenotypes. Using an Arabidopsis reciprocal RIL population, we showed that there is significant genetic diversity influencing stochastic variation in the plant metabolome, defense chemistry, and growth. This genetic diversity included loci specific for the stochastic variation of each phenotypic class that did not affect the other phenotypic classes or the average phenotype. This suggests that the organism's networks are established so that noise can exist in one phenotypic level like metabolism and not permeate up or down to different phenotypic levels. Further, the genomic variation within the plastid and mitochondria also had significant effects on the stochastic variation of all phenotypic classes. The genetic influence over stochastic variation within the metabolome was highly metabolite specific, with neighboring metabolites in the same metabolic pathway frequently showing different levels of noise. As expected from bet-hedging theory, there was more genetic diversity and a wider range of stochastic variation for defense chemistry than found for primary metabolism. Thus, it is possible to begin dissecting the stochastic variation of whole organismal phenotypes in multi-cellular organisms. Further, there are loci that modulate stochastic variation at different phenotypic levels. Finding the identity of these genes will be key to developing complete models linking genotype to phenotype.
Effect of management of a volcanic ash soil on structural properties. (2000)

InHapludand, Southern Chile with different types of land use and differentiated time periods after clear-cutting of the native forest by fire, the following parameters: pore size distribution, bearing capacity, internal cohesion, penetration resistance and spatial stress distri- bution due to loading were determined. The most pro- nounced settlement occurs immediately after forest clear- ing. During consecutive periods of land use, the settlement rate became smaller. Additionally, the major settlements occur on the sites with a long time of agricultural landuse while mere strong grassing had a smaller effect. As ex- pected, changes in the pore size distribution could be de- tected. Coarse pores decrease and the amount of medium pores increases. These changes depended on the pedolo- gical environment and soil use. Due to the rearrangement of the parent volcanic ash material and the corresponding aggregates during soil settlement as a consequence of stress induced changes in the shape of the particles and the more spherical shape, soil penetration resistance increased with settlement as well as the amount of roots above the plow pan layer. The latter is also an index of the impermeability as a consequence of the assumed increase in the contact points due to loading and reformationof these particles. Accor- ding to utilization-type, soil strength differs. The same soil can either react very stable or is extremely weak even if only a small stress, e.g., by an agricultural machinery, has been applied. Recently, cultivated agricultural sites have low pre- compression strength and internal cohesion values. Due to the rearrangement of particles and shape as a consequence of soil deformation during land use the strength increase even if the pore size distribution doesn't change con- siderably. More detailed informations are given in the text.
An artificial intelligence atomic force microscope enabled by machine learning (2018)

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have promised to revolutionize the way we live and work, and one of the particularly promising areas for AI is image analysis. Nevertheless, many current AI applications focus on the post-processing of data, while in both materials sciences and medicine, it is often critical to respond to the data acquired on the fly. Here we demonstrate an artificial intelligence atomic force microscope (AI-AFM) that is capable of not only pattern recognition and feature identification in ferroelectric materials and electrochemical systems, but can also respond to classification via adaptive experimentation with additional probing at critical domain walls and grain boundaries, all in real time on the fly without human interference. Key to our success is a highly efficient machine learning strategy based on a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm capable of high fidelity pixel-by-pixel recognition instead of relying on the data from full mapping, making real time classification and control possible during scanning, with which complex electromechanical couplings at the nanoscale in different material systems can be resolved by AI. For AFM experiments that are often tedious, elusive, and heavily rely on human insight for execution and analysis, this is a major disruption in methodology, and we believe that such a strategy empowered by machine learning is applicable to a wide range of instrumentations and broader physical machineries.