gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA synthesis by mammalian cells inhibited in culture by 5-lodo-2'-deoxyuridine. (1966)

In the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR; 1-2 x l0-4 M) P815Y murine mast tumor cells in culture complete only one doubling of their cell number and one doubling of their DNA. Even though DNA does not increase beyond this one doubling, DNA synthesis continues in IUdR-inhibited cultures. 3H-Thymidine is incorporated into DNA, and the pattern of the incorporation as seen with CsCl density gradient centrifugation agrees with the pattern that would be expected from replication of hybrid DNA containing IUdR in one strand (IU-THY DNA) in medium without IUdR. A new band appears at the density of native DNA, and both the new band and the IU-THY band are radioactive. Because in all experiments the specific radioactivity of the IU-THY band was about one-half that of the native DNA band, it is suggested that only one-half of the IU-THY DNA replicates.

The failure of the amount of DNA in the culture to increase despite the continued synthesis of DNA suggested that breakdown of DNA must occur in IUdR-inhibited cultures. IU-THY DNA was labeled with radioactivity in either the IUdR-containing strand or in the thymidine-containing strand. Both strands were found to break down at about the same rate, and the rate of breakdown appeared to be sufficient to account for the failure of DNA to accumulate in the inhibited culture. This experiment also indicated that the breakdown of DNA was not a consequence of DNA repair, since the distinguishing feature of repair is selective removal of abnormal DNA.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Dr. Pauline Chang for the 3H-IUdR. We are indebted to Mrs. Agneta Brown, Miss Katja Hahn, and Mrs. Donna Reno for their very able technical assistance. This investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant No. CA-02817-09 from the National Cancer Institute. N. R. Morris is an American Cancer Society Scholar in Cancer Research; supported by grant No. P333 of the American Cancer Society.
The Impact of Carbon Stability on PEM Fuel Cell Startup and Shutdown Voltage Degradation (2006)

Conventional carbon MEAs and graphitized carbon MEAs were evaluated for the resistance to carbon corrosion and startup/shutdown durability in this paper. Graphitized carbon MEAs show higher resistance to carbon corrosion than conventional carbon MEAs by a factor of 35 at a point where 5% weight loss had occurred. A graphitized carbon MEA yielded lower degradation rate than that of a conventional carbon MEA by a factor of 5 after 1,000 startup/shutdown cycles. The kinetics of carbon corrosion over both conventional carbon MEAs and graphitized carbon MEAs were measured, and carbon corrosion during startup/shutdown was explained and modeled. The model results correlate to what we have measured from our startup/shutdown durability test. Overall, MEAs with corrosion resistant carbon supports are one of major materials approaches to mitigate cell voltage degradation due to fuel cell startup/shutdown. We believe that a combination of corrosion resistant materials and system operating mitigation strategies is the path to attain the strict automotive durability targets.
New Insights into Hepatitis B and Hepatitis Delta Virus Entry (2008)

Notwithstanding the medical importance of the HBV infection, our understanding of how this pathogen enters hepatocytes is incomplete. This reflects a long-lasting dependence of in vitro infection studies solely on primary human hepatocytes, which are difficult to obtain and maintain in a susceptible state. The establishment of a polarizable HBV-susceptible human hepatoma cell line (HepaRG) and the utilization of Tupaia belangeri hepatocytes (PTHs) resolved this issue. Since then, important insight into viral and cellular determinants participating in HBV binding and infection have been achieved. We now know that the large viral surface protein (L) plays a pivotal role in HBV entry. It mediates diverse functions, commencing binding of virions to heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the hepatocytes surface as a prerequisite for entry. Subsequently, (a) highly specific event(s) involving the myristoylated N-terminal preS1 subdomain of L, as well as the cytosolic and antigenic loops of the S-domain, initiates a series of less well understood steps, resulting in a pH independent, reduction-sensitive fusion of the viral membrane with a cellular membrane. One of these steps is highly sensitive to synthetic N-acylated preS1 lipopeptides and can be blocked in vitro and in vivo at picomolar concentrations. This opens novel therapeutic options addressing virus entry. Future approaches aiming at the elucidation of HBV hepatotropism, the identification of (a) specific receptor(s), the clarification of the endocytic entry pathway and imaging of fluorescently-labeled virions will allow us to decipher more precisely the HBV entry pathway in the near future. Furthermore, clinical efficacy studies with HBV–preS-derived lipopeptides will tell us whether entry inhibition is a passable way to defend acute and chronic HBV and hepatitis delta virus infections.
Bringing email services to the desktop (1992)

Article Free Access Share on Bringing email services to the desktop Author: William O. H. Freund View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGUCCS '92: Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User servicesDecember 1992 Pages 101–103https://doi.org/10.1145/143164.143244Published:01 December 1992Publication History 0citation235DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads235Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
High Speed Binary Parallel Adder (1966)

A study of the output of a heuristic computer program reveals two four-state binary Turing machines which yield the highest known score for four states in Rado's co-called "Busy Beaver" logical game. There is evidence which supports the conjecture that this score of 13 is the particular value of Σ(4), where Σis a noncomputable integer function associated with this game. It is also conjectured that S(4) = 106, where S is another noncomputable function, the maximum shift number, of interest in Rado's study. Complete solution of the problem for four states has been reduced to a relatively small set of machines.
Heat shock regulatory gene (htpR) of Escherichia coli is required for growth at high temperature but is dispensable at low temperature. (1984)

Nonsense mutations affecting the positive regulatory gene (htpR) of heat shock response have been obtained in a strain of Escherichia coli carrying no suppressor. The mutants can grow only at temperatures below 34 degrees C-35 degrees C. Heat, ethanol, and coumermycin induce major heat shock proteins in the wild-type but not in the htpR mutants. In contrast, the level of heat shock proteins synthesized at low temperature is unaffected. The htpR gene product is thus required for induction of heat shock proteins by heat or other stresses but not for their "basal-level" synthesis. Nucleotide sequence has been determined for the wild-type and the mutant alleles of htpR. The coding region appears to consist of 852 nucleotide pairs that correspond to 284 amino acids. Sequences commonly considered as signals for transcriptional initiation and termination were found flanking the coding region. Within this region, six amber, one opal, and two missense mutations were identified; the nonsense mutations are scattered along the gene, some being very close to the presumed amino terminus. These results indicate that the absence of htpR gene product is directly responsible for the failure to respond to heat shock or other stresses and for the inability to grow at high temperature. We propose that htpR represents a new class of genes that are essential for growth only at high temperatures (greater than 35 degrees C). Implications of the sequence homologies found among htpR, rpoD, and nusA proteins are discussed.
Fundamentals of Distributed Computing: A Practical Tour of Vector Clock Systems (2002)

The fundamentals of distributive computing which consists of a set of processes that cooperate to achieve a common goal are discussed. The processes do not share a common global memory and communicate only by exchanging messages over a network. It is found that a key concept of asynchronous distributed system is causality. The basic vector clock properties, mechanisms, and application examples to solve the casuality problems are also presented.
Disparities Maps Generation Employing Multi-resolution Analysis and Perceptual Grouping (2008)

Inspired by human vision system, the stereo vision is a very important area in computer vision. It is related with the 3D information recovery from a pair of images. Although it has being studied for quite a long time, the stereo vision presents some difficult problems, related to the change of visualization perspective. Among the different problems originated from point of view changes, occlusions and ambiguities have special attention and compose the foundation of stereo problem, named correspondence problem. In the related works, the local techniques are fast, but produce poor results whilst the global techniques produce good results but are very computationally expensive. This work aims to give a contribution to the correspondence problem in stereo matching using a local approach with two strategies as solution to ambiguities and occlusions: the multiresolution analysis with images pyramids and the perceptual grouping weight, called Gestalt Theory in the psychology. The obtained results were closer to the ones generated by global techniques, with the advantage of requiring less computational complexity. The use of Gestalt Theory makes this a modern disparity estimation method, due to this theory has received special attention in computer vision researches.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of the Tricyclic Ketolides TE-802 and Its Analogs. (2001)

The novel 6-O-methyl tricyclic ketolides TE-802 and its analogs were synthesized by two successive cyclization reactions, 11,12-cyclic carbamate formation by intramolecular Michael addition and 9,11-diazaheptene ring construction by intramolecular dehydration reaction. These new tricyclic ketolides exhibited good in vitro antibacterial activity against not only erythromycin-susceptible strains but also erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which are problematic pathogens of nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory tract infections, respectively.
Immunolocalization and messenger RNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 in human benign and malignant prostatic tissue. (1997)

Skeletal metastases are common in advanced prostate cancer, causing considerable morbidity, and they are usually osteoblastic in nature with no clear explanation for this phenomenon. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce bone formation in vivo, and preliminary work showed a possible association between BMPs and prostatic skeletal metastases; differential expression favors BMP-6 as a potential new marker and mediator of osteosclerotic deposit formation. We investigated BMP-6 mRNA and protein expression by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in malignant and benign prostates from 40 men. BMP-6 mRNA expression was detected exclusively in malignant epithelial cells in 20 of 21 patients (95%) with metastases and in 2 of 11 patients (18%) with localized cancer, and it was absent in 8 benign samples. Immunostaining for BMP-6 was predominantly cytoplasmic and was present in all primary tumors with established metastases and in 4 of 11 (36%) organ-confined cancers. In benign prostatic hyperplasia, basal cells and areas of basal cell hyperplasia were positive for BMP-6 by immunohistochemistry. The results suggest a close association between BMP-6 expression in primary malignant prostatic tissue and skeletal metastases. BMP-6 may be responsible, in part, for the osteoblastic changes in metastatic lesions secondary to prostate cancer.
Frequency dependence of MR relaxation times II. Iron oxides (1993)

Abstract The frequency dependence of T1 and T2 was measured for homogeneous suspensions of magnetite and iron oxyhydroxide particles in water with various concentrations of gelatin. The transverse relaxivity showed two types of behavior: (a) For magnetite particles, there was a rapid increase in T2 relaxivity with frequency, followed by a saturation plateau, which accorded with the Langevin magnetization function. From these curves, the magnetic moment of the particle domains was estimated to range from 0.8 to 6.3 104 Bohr magnetons, (b) For iron oxyhydroxide (fer‐ritin, ferrihydrite, and akaganeite) particles, T2 relaxivity increased linearly with frequency, the slope of the increase characteristic for each particle. T2 relaxivity generally increased with increasing gelatin concentration, corresponding to the measured decrease in the water diffusion coefficient. For iron oxides, homogeneously distributed either as iatrogenic agents or endogenous biominerals, these findings may aid in the interpretation of in vivo relaxivity and the effect on MR imaging.
Crystal Structure of a Highly Efficient Clarifying Agent for Isotactic Polypropylene (2012)

Using a combined approach based on X-ray powder diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we were able to determine the crystal structure of 1,3,5-tris(2,2-dimethylpropionylamino)benzene, an efficient clarifying agent for isotactic polypropylene. The XPRD data and 1D solid-state NMR experiments allowed to exclude most of the possible primitive orthorhombic space groups with the exception of 11. The structure solution was carried out using real space methods including a close-contact penalty. Four space groups lead to reasonable wRp values below 10%. 13C13C double quantum (DQ) experiments of the labeled carbonyl group were measured with a supercycled symmetry based dipolar recoupling sequence. Taking into account the wRp values after Rietveld refinement as well as simulations of DQ build-up curves based on nine spin systems, the space group P212121 is clearly favored. The largest dipolar coupling within these spin systems was about 60 Hz corresponding to a distance of 5 Å. 1,3,5-Tris(2,2-dimethylpropionylamino)benzene crystallizes in an orthorhombic metric (a = 14.91(5) Å, b = 24.05(8) Å, c = 6.80(2) Å). The molecules are arranged in a pseudohexagonal rod packing with medium-strong hydrogen bonds and π-stacking. The antiferroelectric arrangement of neighbored rods leads to an averaging of the net dipolar moment in the whole crystal.
Consistent deficiencies of chromosome 18 and of the short arm of chromosome 17 in eleven cases of human large bowel cancer: a possible recessive determinism. (1985)

Cytogenetic study of 11 cases of colorectal carcinoma was performed after R-banding. In all instances, there was a rearrangement involving chromosome 17 in its juxtacentromeric region, leading to the loss of its short arm. There was also a relative lack of chromosome 18, unrelated to a rearrangement of this chromosome in all but one case. Other anomalies, involving chromosomes 1 and 8 among others, were frequently but not systematically observed. The consistent lack of chromosome 18 and of the short arm of chromosome 17, leading to a complete or partial monosomy of these chromosomes in near diploid cells suggests that the passage to the hemizygous status of recessive genes carried by these chromosomes may play an important role in the development of colorectal carcinoma.
High‐frequency mechanical revascularization (2013)

A prerequisite for successful percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of chronic total occlusions (CTO) is the ability to cross the occlusion with a guidewire. In this study, the authors report a new technology that utilizes mechanical vibrational energy to preferentially ablate plaque. The new Crosser system has a much smaller catheter tip size compared with the previous devices utilizing this modality. The Crosser system (FlowCardia, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) uses high-frequency mechanical vibrational energy in a pulsed mode to penetrate both calcific and noncalcific atherosclerotic plaque material. In the pivotal phase, using the improved version of the Crosser device, the primary endpoint of device efficacy was 76%. The chapter lists the various reasons for which the Crosser device was unsuccessful in crossing the CTO. The study demonstrated that high-frequency mechanical vibration is a feasible, well tolerated, and safe approach to facilitate the recanalization of CTOs where a standard guidewire approach has failed.
Diastereoselective Catalytic Hydrogenation of <i>N</i>α-Pyruvoyl-(<i>S</i>)-prolinamide (1990)

Abstract Catalytic hydrogenation of Nα-pyruvoyl-(S)-prolinamide over palladium on charcoal in several solvents resulted in the formation of Nα-[(S)-lactoyl]-(S)-prolinamide in good d.e. up to 77%. Usefulness of N-isopropyl-(S)-prolinamide as an asymmetric moiety is described in the catalytic hydrogenation.
Low-powered ultrasound in the treatment of tinnitus: A pilot study (1986)

The aim of this study was to determine whether a low dose of ultrasound, applied over the mastoid bone, caused a subjective improvement in the level of tinnitus in long standing tinnitus sufferers. Forty patients from the Swansea Tinnitus Association volunteered to take part in a double blind crossover trial. They received a 10-minute treatment with an ultrasound generator and an identical placebo device on two separate visits. The devices were randomly allocated on the first visit. At each visit the patient noted whether their tinnitus was completely improved, slightly improved, unchanged or made worse by the treatment. Forty per cent of patients who completed the trial were improved by ultrasound, 7% by placebo. Low powered ultrasound was significantly better at producing improvement than placebo (P less than 0.02 Binomial Test).
Therapy of mitochondrial disorders (1987)

Mitochondrial disorders, namely defects of fatty acid oxidation, defects of pyruvate metabolism and defects of the respiratory chain are heterogenous in clinical picture and in response to therapeutic attempts. Defects of fatty acid metabolism are amenable to therapy by dietary means, carnitine substitution and in some cases with vitamins. Defects in pyruvate metabolism do not respond to therapy except in some special cases. Therapeutic attempts include dietary measures, vitamins as coenzyme precursors. Defects in the respiratory chain appear to respond to treatment only in exceptional cases. Evaluation of treatment effects appears to be singularly difficult. General measures that can be of benefit to different defects are discussed.
Lack of a significant role for the PerR regulator in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>spore resistance (2000)

Bacillus subtilis cells lacking the PerR repressor which regulates transcription of genes encoding oxidative stress protective proteins grew at 30-50% the rate of wild-type cells, and perR cultures accumulated rapidly growing suppressor mutants lacking the catalase whose expression is regulated by PerR. However, perR spores which retained the perR regulated catalase were obtained on plates. These perR spores had levels of oxidative stress protective proteins from 7- to 50-fold higher than those in wild-type spores, but perR spore resistance to heat, hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide was essentially identical to that of wild-type spores, indicating that elevated levels of proteins that protect growing cells from oxidizing agents play no role in dormant spore resistance to these compounds. However, germinated perR spores were much more resistant to alkyl hydroperoxides than were wild-type spores.
Endoscopic resection of gastric and esophageal cancer (2015)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) techniques have reduced the need for surgery in early esophageal and gastric cancers and thus has lessened morbidity and mortality in these diseases. ESD is a relatively new technique in western countries and requires rigorous training to reproduce the proficiency of Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan, which have very high complete (en bloc) resection rates and low complication rates. EMR plays a valuable role in early esophageal cancers. ESD has shown better en bloc resection rates but it is easier to master and maintain proficiency in EMR; it also requires less procedural time. For early esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's, ESD and EMR techniques are usually combined with other ablative modalities, the most common being radiofrequency ablation because it has the largest dataset to prove its success. The EMR techniques have been used with some success in early gastric cancers but ESD is currently preferred for most of these lesions. ESD has the added advantage of resecting into the submucosa and thus allowing for endoscopic resection of more aggressive (deeper) early gastric cancer.
Collaborative Systems for Narrative Construction (2011)

This chapter outlines my work on creativity support tools for collaborative narrative and storytelling. I present this through the lens of an artefact I call assimilate, a work that builds upon a communal set of narratives that are seeded from mythology and folklore. Assimilate also serves as a prototype for evaluating reusable software architecture for collective knowledge accumulation and reflection. The technical aim is that of an holistic architecture, by which I mean a system that enables active engagement in the emergence of meaningful community narratives. These are systems that amplify or extend knowledge, based on its historical relationship to the environment and where the role of the participant is integral to the systems feedback and the maintenance of its self-organised behaviour.
An analytical dishing and step height reduction model for chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) (2003)

An analytical model for dishing and step height reduction in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is presented. The model is based on the assumption that at the feature scale, high areas on the wafer experience higher pressure than low areas. A Prestonian material removal model is assumed. The model delineates how dishing and step height reduction depend on slurry properties (selectivity and Preston's constants), pad characteristics (stiffness and bending ability), polishing conditions (pressure, relative velocity and overpolishing) and wafer surface geometry (linewidth, pitch and pattern density). Model predictions are in good agreement with existing experimental observations. The present model facilitates understanding of the CMP process at the feature scale. Based on the proposed model, design avenues for decreasing dishing and increasing the speed of step height reduction may be explored through modification of appropriate parameters for slurry, pad and polishing conditions. The proposed model may also be used as a design tool for pattern layout to optimize the performance of the CMP process.
Physical vapor deposition of thin films (2000)

Introduction to Physical Vapor Deposition. The Kinetic Theory of Gases. Adsorption and Condensation. Principles of High Vacuum. Evaporation Sources. Principles of Sputtering Discharges. Sputtering. Film Deposition. Index.