gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase-1 Reduces Phospholipid Synthesis, Proliferation, and Invasiveness in Simian Virus 40-transformed Human Lung Fibroblasts (2003)

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a versatile molecule that participates as substrate in the synthesis of structural and energetic lipids, and acts as the physiological signal that activates protein kinase C. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), the last committed enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis, could potentially regulate the content and use of both signaling and glycerolipid substrate DAG by converting it into triacylglycerol. To test this hypothesis, we stably overexpressed the DGAT1 mouse gene in human lung SV40-transformed fibroblasts (DGAT cells), which contains high levels of DAG. DGAT cells exhibited a 3.9-fold higher DGAT activity and a 3.2-fold increase in triacylglycerol content, whereas DAG and phosphatidylcholine decreased by 70 and 20%, respectively, compared with empty vector-transfected SV40 cells (Control cells). Both acylation and de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin were reduced by 30-40% in DGAT cells compared with controls, suggesting that DGAT used substrates for triacylglycerol synthesis that had originally been destined to produce phospholipids. The incorporation of [14C]DAG and [14C]fatty acids released from plasma membrane by additions of either phospholipase C or phospholipase A2 into triacylglycerol was increased by 6.2- and 2.8-fold, respectively, in DGAT cells compared with control cells, indicating that DGAT can attenuate signaling lipids. Finally, DGAT overexpression reversed the neoplastic phenotype because it dramatically reduced the cell growth rate and suppressed the anchorage-independent growth of the SV40 cells. These results strongly support the view that DGAT participates in the regulation of membrane lipid synthesis and lipid signaling, thereby playing an important role in modulating cell growth properties.
Ultralow-temperature photochemical synthesis of atomically dispersed Pt catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (2019)

Efficient control of nucleation is a prerequisite for the solution-phase synthesis of nanocrystals. Although the thermodynamics and kinetics of the formation of metal nanoparticles have been largely investigated, fully suppressing the nucleation in solution synthesis remains a major challenge due to the high surface free energy of isolated atoms. In this article, we largely decreased the reaction temperature for ultraviolet (UV) photochemical reduction of H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub> solution to -60 °C and demonstrated such a method as a fast and convenient process for the synthesis of atomically dispersed Pt. We showed that the ultralow-temperature reaction efficiently inhibited the nucleation process by controlling its thermodynamics and kinetics. Compared with commercial platinum/carbon, the synthesized atomically dispersed Pt catalyst, as a superior HER catalyst, exhibited a lower overpotential of approximately 55 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and a lower Tafel slope of 26 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> and had higher stability in 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.
Cardiomyocyte Cultures With Controlled Macroscopic Anisotropy (2002)

Structural and functional cardiac anisotropy varies with the development, location, and pathophysiology in the heart. The goal of this study was to design a cell culture model system in which the degree, change in fiber direction, and discontinuity of anisotropy can be controlled over centimeter-size length scales. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured on fibronectin on 20-mm diameter circular cover slips. Structure-function relationships were assessed using immunostaining and optical mapping. Cell culture on microabraded cover slips yielded cell elongation and coalignment in the direction of abrasion, and uniform, macroscopically continuous, elliptical propagation with point stimulation. Coarser microabrasion (wider and deeper abrasion grooves) increased longitudinal (23.5 to 37.2 cm/s; r=0.66) and decreased transverse conduction velocity (18.1 to 9.2 cm/s; r=-0.84), which resulted in increased longitudinal-to-transverse velocity anisotropy ratios (1.3 to 3.7, n=61). A thin transition zone between adjacent uniformly anisotropic areas with 45 degrees or 90 degrees difference in fiber orientation acted as a secondary source during 2x threshold field stimulus. Cell culture on cover slips micropatterned with 12- or 25- micro m wide fibronectin lines and previously coated with decreasing concentrations of background fibronectin yielded transition from continuous to discontinuous anisotropic architecture with longitudinally oriented intercellular clefts, decreased transverse velocity (16.9 to 2.6 cm/s; r=-0.95), increased velocity anisotropy ratios (1.6 to 5.6, n=70), and decreased longitudinal velocity (36.4 to 14.6 cm/s; r=-0.85) for anisotropy ratios >3.5. Cultures of cardiac myocytes with controlled degree, uniformity and continuity of structural, and functional anisotropy may enable systematic 2-dimensional in vitro studies of macroscopic structure-related mechanisms of reentrant arrhythmias. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Simple Physical Model for the Space-Charge Capacitance of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures (1964)

A simple physical model is presented which gives the capacitance-voltage characteristics of a metal-oxide-semiconductor structure at high measurement frequencies in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. The model is based on the concept that at high frequencies the minority carriers within the inversion region act as `fixed charges' and so do not contribute to the ac variation of charge within the semiconductor. However, their presence determines the size of the depletion region under the given dc bias and hence the space-charge capacitance.
Sub-optimum coherent radar detectionin a mixtureof K-distributed and Gaussian clutter (1997)

The author introduces two sub-optimum procedures for the coherent detection of a radar target signal, in the presence of a mixture of K-distributed and Gaussian distributed clutter. As a comparison, the optimum Neyman–Pearson and the whitening matched filter strategies to detect coherent pulse trains against the above mentioned disturbance are also presented. The optimum detection scheme is heavy to implement: it involves a numerical integration with respect to the texture variable of the K distribution. It strongly depends on the parameters of the clutter distribution, thus no predetermined threshold can be assigned to achieve a given probability of false alarm if such parameters are unknown. The preferred sub-optimum approach is based on the estimation of the texture variable, which is then used to determine the likelihood ratio. Applying the maximum likelihood estimate the resulting detection strategy is a linear quadratic functional of the observed vector and is clutter distribution free. The performance of the proposed detector is close to optimal and much better than the whitening matched filter detector; moreover, it guarantees approximately constant false alarm rate behaviour, regardless of the clutter distribution.
Silica-nanoparticle-dispersed methacrylate photopolymers with net diffraction efficiency near 100% (2004)

We demonstrate volume holographic recording in silica-nanoparticle-dispersed methacrylate photopolymers with reduced scattering loss as low as 2%. This is made possible by use of 13-nm silica nanoparticles. As a result a net diffraction efficiency near 100% is achieved for a transmission volume hologram of 45-microm thickness. Grating buildup dynamics are measured for various nanoparticle concentrations, and the effects of nanoparticle size on refractive-index modulation and polymerization shrinkage are also evaluated.
Improved Chemical Flood Efficiency by In Situ CO2 Generation (2010)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate compounds that can generate carbon dioxide in situ, decrease the viscosity of oil and improve oil recovery. Several chemicals are studied for their potential to generate CO2 when exposed to elevated temperatures. Laboratory results show that ammonium carbamate can produce a significant amount of carbon dioxide when the temperature is elevated to 85° C. In contrast, negligible CO2 is detected while heating up the methyl carbamate to a similar temperature range. Ammonium carbamate is further studied in a one-dimensional sand pack column. Ammonium carbamate results in the production of CO2 in column studies at 80°C and 90° C and also results in a decrease in oil viscosity. The additional injection of a 0.5 PV of 3% ammonium carbamate solution with a polymer + surfactant chemical flood improved crude oil recovery by 9.7% OOIP compared to a polymer + surfactant chemical flood without carbamate. However, there is negligible oil recovery without the presence of surfactant for studies using light oils, decane and Arrow crude oil. The use of carbamate can have a positive impact on the mobility ratio for heavier oil, Elk Petroleum crude oil, by reducing crude oil viscosity. Instead of looking black, the crude oil exiting from the carbamate injected column appeared dark brown and less viscous. This suggests that a property of crude oil was changed by the CO2 generated in the column. Laboratory results also show that AMP (2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) is also a promising candidate for generating carbon dioxide under high temperatures.
A 2.2-mW Backgate Coupled <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$LC$</tex></formula> Quadrature VCO With Current Reused Structure (2007)

This letter presents a backgate coupled quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) which consists of a pair of current reused LC-VCOs. The proposed QVCO is designed for 2-GHz operation based on a 0.18-mum triple-well CMOS technology. Measurements show -102 and -124dBc/Hz at 100-kHz and 1-MHz offset, respectively. Compared to the conventional QVCO, the proposed QVCO dissipates significantly lower power (1.74mA from a 1.25-V supply) while showing good 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> close-in phase noise
New Generation of Membranes Developed for Industrial Separations (1988)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew Generation of Membranes Developed for Industrial SeparationsBreakthroughs in development of membrane materials have led to commercialization of membrane separation systems for waste treatment, desalination, gas-mixture separations, other high-volume applicationsJOSEPH HAGGINView Author Information C&EN ChicagoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1988, 66, 23, 7–16Publication Date (Print):June 6, 1988Publication History Published online8 November 2010Published inissue 6 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v066n023.p007https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v066n023.p007newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1988 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Membranes Get e-Alerts
A New DNA-exonuclease in Cells Infected with Herpes Virus: Partial Purification and Properties of the Enzyme (1968)

SUMMARY Infection of BHK 21 (C 13) or HEp-2 cells with herpes virus was followed by a marked increase in the activity of alkaline DNase which was prevented by actinomycin D and puromycin. Activation of a latent enzyme was not responsible for the increase. The properties of the DNase appearing after virus infection in both cell types were the same, but they differed from those of the enzyme from uninfected cells in specificity towards the secondary structure of the DNA substrate, heat-stability, requirement for thiol groups, inhibition by K+ and Na+ ions and response to various concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+. The activities of acid DNase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase were not significantly altered after herpes infection. Further, the activity of alkaline RNase was not altered by infection, and this implies that the induced DNase was specific for DNA. The new DNase could be separated from the DNase present in uninfected cells and from alkaline phosphomonoesterase by chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose; its enzymic properties were the same as those observed with soluble extracts of cells infected with herpes virus.
Mediane Halszysten im Kindesalter: frühzeitige Operation senkt die Komplikationsrate (2001)

We propose an early operative treatment for thyroglossal duct cysts with a complete Sistrunk procedure.
<title>Using scout images to reduce metal artifacts in CT with application to revision total hip surgery</title> (1997)

X-ray CT images of objects containing metal are often corrupted by 'blooming' and streaking artifacts that radiate from the regions of the image where the metal is present. The best strategy for reducing these artifacts is to modify the noisy projection data before reconstructing the image. Unfortunately this approach does not lead to a very practical solution, since it assumes that one has access to the unencoded projection data. In reality, these data are virtually impossible to get, even for isolated research studies, let alone for routine clinical use. Our goal is to produce a practical, clinically useful system of reducing metal artifacts in real patient CT scans on a regular basis. So we need a method that is not dependent on sinogram data. However, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to reduce metal artifacts using just the information than exists in the noisy CT image itself. As we show, crucial image details may be completely erased by the artifacts. Therefore we have developed a new approach for suppressing these reconstruction artifacts by using scout images. We have applied this method successfully to real CT data.
Elucidation of the disulfide‐folding pathway of hirudin by a topology‐based approach (2003)

A theoretical model for the folding of proteins containing disulfide bonds is introduced. The model exploits the knowledge of the native state to favor the progressive establishment of native interactions. At variance with traditional approaches based on native topology, not all native bonds are treated in the same way; in particular, a suitable energy term is introduced to account for the special strength of disulfide bonds, as well as their ability to undergo intramolecular reshuffling. The model thus possesses the minimal ingredients necessary to investigate the much debated issue of whether the refolding process occurs through partially structured intermediates with native or non-native disulfide bonds. This strategy is applied to a context of particular interest, the refolding process of hirudin, a thrombin-specific protease inhibitor, for which conflicting folding pathways have been proposed. We show that the only two parameters in the model (temperature and disulfide strength) can be tuned to reproduce well a set of experimental transitions between species with different number of formed disulfides. This model is then used to provide a characterization of the folding process and a detailed description of the species involved in the rate-limiting step of hirudin refolding.
Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2009)

Radiofrequency catheter ablation is effective for up to 12 months of rhythm control when used as a second-line therapy for atrial fibrillation in relatively young patients with near-intact cardiac function. Longer studies that use primary end points of stroke and mortality are needed.
<i>Hes</i> genes regulate sequential stages of neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (2000)

We have characterised the functions of the bHLH transcriptional repressors HES1 and HES5 in neurogenesis, using the development of the olfactory placodes in mouse embryos as a model. Hes1 and Hes5 are expressed with distinct patterns in the olfactory placodes and are subject to different regulatory mechanisms. Hes1 is expressed in a broad placodal domain, which is maintained in absence of the neural determination gene Mash1. In contrast, expression of Hes5 is restricted to clusters of neural progenitor cells and requires Mash1 function. Mutations in Hes1 and Hes5 also have distinct consequences on olfactory placode neurogenesis. Loss of Hes1 function leads both to expression of Mash1 outside of the normal domain of neurogenesis and to increased density of MASH1-positive progenitors within this domain, and results in an excess of neurons after a delay. A mutation in Hes5 does not produce any apparent defect. However, olfactory placodes that are double mutant for Hes1 and Hes5 upregulate Ngn1, a neural bHLH gene activated downstream of Mash1, and show a strong and rapid increase in neuronal density. Together, our results suggest that Hes1 regulates Mash1 transcription in the olfactory placode in two different contexts, initially as a prepattern gene defining the placodal domain undergoing neurogenesis and, subsequently, as a neurogenic gene controlling the density of neural progenitors in this domain. Hes5 synergizes with Hes1 and regulates neurogenesis at the level of Ngn1 expression. Therefore, the olfactory sensory neuron lineage is regulated at several steps by negative signals acting through different Hes genes and targeting the expression of different proneural gene homologs.
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Structural Health Monitoring (2014)

Structural heath monitoring (SHM) can provide an estimate of the state of damage in a structure, and of the remaining useful life of that structure. The work presented here is an investigation of a proposed new SHM technique for composite structures composed of carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymers (CFRP). Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is employed to estimate the damage state of the composite. No modification to current CFRP processing methods is required, nor is the proposed technique invasive or destructive. EIS interfaces can be either permanently attached or temporarily connected. We hypothesize that EIS has the potential to be more sensitive and selective for damage detection by using a full complex-plane analysis, considering both impedance magnitude and phase angle. This is in contrast to electrical SHM approaches employing resistance measurement, the real component of impedance, which ignores phase angle and reactance information. In order to test our hypothesis we implemented three different experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the EIS technique: (1) specimen load sensitivity; (2) specimen damage sensitivity; and (3) specimen fatigue sensitivity. Multiple electrical interrogation paths through the specimen are considered.
Reading and Learning Smartfonts (2016)

As small displays on devices like smartwatches become increasingly common, many people have difficulty reading the text on these displays. Vision conditions like presbyopia that result in blurry near vision make reading small text particularly hard. We design multiple different scripts for displaying English text, legible at small sizes even when blurry, for small screens such as smartphones and smartwatches. These "smartfonts" redesign visual character presentations to improve the reading experience. Like cursive, Grade 1 Braille, and ordinary fonts, they preserve orthography and spelling. They have the potential to enable people to read more text comfortably on small screens, e.g., without reading glasses. To simulate presbyopia, we blur images and evaluate their legibility using paid crowdsourcing. We also evaluate the difficulty of learning to read smartfonts and observe a learnability/legibility trade-off. Our most learnable smartfont can be read at roughly half the speed of Latin after two thousand practice sentences. It is also legible smaller than half the size of traditional Latin (i.e. "English") when blurry.
Artificial Fibers from Corpuscular and Fibrous Proteins (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArtificial Fibers from Corpuscular and Fibrous ProteinsHarold P. Lundgren and Richard A. O'ConnellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1944, 36, 4, 370–374Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50412a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50412a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Rotation Detection in Chest Radiographs Based on Generalized Line Histogram of Rib-Orientations (2014)

We present a generalized line histogram technique to compute global rib-orientation for detecting rotated lungs in chest radiographs. We use linear structuring elements, such as line seed filters, as kernels to convolve with edge images, and extract a set of lines from the posterior rib-cage. After convolving kernels in all possible orientations in the range [0, π], we measure the angle for which the line histogram has maximum magnitude. This measure provides a good approximation of the global chest rib-orientation for each lung. A chest radiograph is said to be upright if the difference between the orientation angles of both lungs with respect to the horizontal axis, is negligible. We validate our method on sets of normal and abnormal images and argue that rib orientation can be used for rotation detection in chest radiographs as aid in quality control during image acquisition, and to discard images from training and testing data sets. In our test, we achieve a maximum accuracy of 90%.