gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Control of Drilling Systems (1991)

Abstract Research in drilling automation, at the University of Nottingham, has the ultimate objective of achieving computerised drill control through the the application of an intelligent based system. From a laboratory drill rig, various parameters are measured and stored to a database for a variety of rock types and drilling conditions. The database is used by the Inteldrill system to generate a series of Self Learning Prediction Matrices [S.L.M.P.] which allow the determination of the best drilling performance likely to be achieved. The control can be based on either maximum penetration rate or minimum cost drilling. Minimum cost drilling is based on a cost equation which is configured with constants for the various cost centres. The computer passes drilling conditions from the drilling S.L.P.M. through the cost equation to generate a cost matrix. This matrix is then searched to determine the most economical drilling parameters. The system has a self-learning capability such that the more information in the database, the greater the accuracy of the S.L.P.M.'s. A prototype system has been developed and is currently undergoing trials, using data generated by laboratory rig, together with simulated data.
Computing the coefficients of lens distortion models using planar surfaces (2017)

Although there is a wide variety of lens distortion models, computing their parameters remains an open problem. To this end, we introduce a criterion that uses the null space of a matrix that arises from the estimation of the homography. We provide experimental results obtained from laboratory images of calibration patterns, apply our method to images taken in natural settings, study the effect of feature location, and compare it with other approaches. The results suggest that the method works best for cases where the full set of intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters are not needed, the camera is no longer available, or the optical parameters change over the image sequence.
Apoptotic Regulation by MCL-1 through Heterodimerization (2010)

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member active in the preservation of mitochondrial integrity during apoptosis, has fundamental roles in development and hematopoiesis and is dysregulated in human cancers. It bears a unique, intrinsically unstructured, N-terminal sequence, which leads to its instability in cells and hinders protein production and structural characterization. Here, we present collective data from NMR spectroscopy and titration calorimetry to reveal the selectivity of MCL-1 in binding BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) ligands of interest for mammalian biology. The N-terminal sequence weakens the BH3 interactions but does not affect selectivity. Its removal by calpain-mediated limited proteolysis results in a stable BCL-2-like core domain of MCL-1 (cMCL-1). This core is necessary and sufficient for BH3 ligand binding. Significantly, we also characterized the in vitro protein-protein interaction between cMCL-1 and activated BID by size exclusion chromatography and NMR titrations. This interaction occurs in a very slow manner in solution but is otherwise similar to the interaction between cMCL-1 and BID-BH3 peptides. We also present the solution structure of complex cMCL-1xhBID-BH3, which completes the family portrait of MCL-1 complexes and may facilitate drug discovery against human tumors.
Quantitative evaluation of sample application methods for semipreparative separations of basic proteins by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2003)

Abstract The use of cup‐loading for sample application has become widely used in two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) for resolution of basic proteins, but no side‐by‐side quantitative study has been published which compares cup‐loading with the alternative passive and active rehydration methods to fully promote one type of loading method over another. Replicate 2‐D gels from each loading method were quantitatively evaluated for gel‐to‐gel reproducibility using IPG 6–11 strips and semipreparative protein loads (300 μg). Gels were stained with SYPRO Ruby and analyzed with PDQuest. An inexpensive home‐made assembly for cup‐loading was used with the Protean IEF Cell for separation of whole cell extracts from the archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus . Cup‐loading was determined to be far superior for IPG 6–11 separations than active or passive rehydration methods. Cup‐loading consistently produced the greatest number of detectable spots, the best spot matching efficiency (56%), lowest spot quantity variations (28% coefficient of variation, CV), and the best‐looking gels qualitatively. The least satisfactory results were obtained with active rehydration, followed closely by passive rehydration in off‐line tubes. Passive rehydration experiments, performed using an on‐line isoelectric focusing (IEF) tray, produced comparable spot numbers to cup‐loading (84%), with 55% of the spots having higher intensity but 10% more spot quantity variance than cup‐loading.
Modelling of Bubble Formation with Phase Change at a Submerged Nozzle (2000)

A non-spherical model for bubble formation coupled with phase change at a submerged nozzle in a flowing subcooled liquid is presented. The interface element approach is applied to describe the dynamics of bubble formation. The results computed from present model are compared with the experimental data in the literature as well as with the results computed from other models. The results are in good agreement and show a significant improvement over other models.
An inexpensive and rapid diagnostic method of Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2005)

This paper describes an accelerated LAMP assay for diagnosis of KHV. The entire procedure took only 90 minutes to produce a result: 15 minutes for DNA extraction; 60 min for the LAMP reaction; 2 min for visual detection using SYBR Green I. The test can be used under field conditions because the only equipment it requires is a water bath.
Wearable seismocardiography for the beat-to-beat assessment of cardiac intervals during sleep (2014)

Seismocardiogram (SCG) can be detected during sleep by a textile-based wearable system. This pilot study preliminarily explores the feasibility of a beat-to-beat estimation of cardiac mechanical features (RR interval, RRI, Pre-Ejection Period, PEP, Isovolumic Contraction Time, ICT, Left Ventricular Ejection Time, LVET, Isovolumic Relaxation Time, IRT) from the joint ECG and SCG assessment during sleep. The analysis of two 30-min sleep data segments from one healthy subject, indicated that 1) respiration largely influence the dynamics of most of the parameters; 2) variability of cardiac intervals is only marginally influenced by the RRI variability; 3) appreciable spectral power at frequencies ≤ 0.1 is only observed in the RRI spectrum and not in the spectra of the other indexes; 4) IRT has a broadband variability, that is clearly different from the dynamics of the other indexes. These findings represent the very first description of the beat-to-beat variability of cardiac mechanical indexes. Further investigations on a larger population are in progress to confirm the present results.
Detecting outlier sections in us congressional legislation (2011)

Reading congressional legislation, also known as bills, is often tedious because bills tend to be long and written in complex language. In IBM Many Bills, an interactive web-based visualization of legislation, users of different backgrounds can browse bills and quickly explore parts that are of interest to them. One task users have is to be able to locate sections that don't seem to fit with the overall topic of the bill. In this paper, we present novel techniques to determine which sections within a bill are likely to be outliers by employing approaches from information retrieval. The most promising techniques first detect the most topically relevant parts of a bill by ranking its sections, followed by a comparison between these topically relevant parts and the remaining sections in the bill. To compare sections we use various dissimilarity metrics based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence. The results indicate that these techniques are more successful than a classification based approach. Finally, we analyze how the dissimilarity metrics succeed in discriminating between sections that are strong outliers versus those that are 'milder' outliers.
First‐pass dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with extravasating contrast reagent: evidence for human myocardial capillary recruitment in adenosine‐induced hyperemia (2008)

Human myocardial (1)H(2)O T(1)-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data were acquired during the brief first-pass period after injection of a very small gadolinium diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (GdDTPA(2-)) dose. The shutter-speed pharmacokinetic effects of both transendothelial and transcytolemmal equilibrium water exchange processes were investigated. Our results indicate that even for such a short acquisition window and relatively large pseudo-first-order rate constant (K(trans)) for plasma/interstitium contrast reagent (CR) transfer the kinetics of these water exchange processes cannot be treated as infinitely fast or slow. However, neither the intracellular water molecule lifetime (tau(i)) nor its intravascular counterpart (tau(b)) are among the parameters most influential in analysis of the noisy data typically associated with the cardiac perfusion application. Thus, the actual values of water exchange kinetic rate constants are relatively indeterminate as this experiment is usually conducted. Combining the K(trans) evaluations with independently determined flow (F) values allows us to estimate CR permeability coefficient surface area product (P(CR)S) values. The fact that the P(CR)S magnitudes almost equal the K(trans) values confirms that GdDTPA(2-) extravasation in resting human myocardial muscle is indeed permeation-limited and supports the validity of the K(trans) and P(CR)S estimations. Nevertheless the model analysis is most consistent with the results if P(CR)S is not assumed to be constant with changing flow. The capillary blood volume fraction (v(b)) is a sensitive parameter in the analysis. We also compared resting and hyperemic cardiac conditions, the latter resulting from the volume flow increase induced by adenosine arteriolar vasodilation. We found that the P(CR)S value increases with flow probably mostly because of an S increase associated with capillary recruitment. The v(b) values also increased in hyperemia and showed a flow-dependence with a clearly identifiable component due to capillary recruitment.
The Relevance of Phosphorus and Iron Chemistry to the Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater: A Review (2015)

The addition of iron is a convenient way for removing phosphorus from wastewater, but this is often considered to limit phosphorus recovery. Struvite precipitation is currently used to recover phosphorus, and this approach has attracted much interest. However, it requires the use of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). EBPR is not yet widely applied and the recovery potential is low. Other phosphorus recovery methods, including sludge application to agricultural land or recovering phosphorus from sludge ash, also have limitations. Energy-producing wastewater treatment plants increasingly rely on phosphorus removal using iron, but the problem (as in current processes) is the subsequent recovery of phosphorus from the iron. In contrast, phosphorus is efficiently mobilized from iron by natural processes in sediments and soils. Iron-phosphorus chemistry is diverse, and many parameters influence the binding and release of phosphorus, including redox conditions, pH, presence of organic substances, and particle morphology. We suggest that the current poor understanding of iron and phosphorus chemistry in wastewater systems is preventing processes being developed to recover phosphorus from iron-phosphorus rich wastes like municipal wastewater sludge. Parameters that affect phosphorus recovery are reviewed here, and methods are suggested for manipulating iron-phosphorus chemistry in wastewater treatment processes to allow phosphorus to be recovered.
Systems Analysis of In-Space Manufacturing Applications for the International Space Station and the Evolvable Mars Campaign (2016)

Maintenance logistics support is a significant challenge for extended human operations in space, especially for missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). For missions to Mars (such as NASA's Evolvable Mars Campaign (EMC)), where timely resupply or abort in the event of emergency will not be possible, maintenance logistics mass is directly linked to the Probability of Loss of Crew (P(LoC)), and the cost of driving down risk is an exponential increase in mass requirements. The logistics support strategies that have maintained human operations in LEO will not be effective for these deep space missions. In-Space Manufacturing (ISM) is a promising technological solution that could reduce logistics requirements, mitigate risks, and augment operational capabilities, enabling Earth- independent human spaceflight. This paper reviews maintenance logistics challenges for spaceflight operations in LEO and beyond, and presents a summary of selected results from a systems analysis of potential ISM applications for the ISS and EMC. A quantitative modeling framework and sample assessment of maintenance logistics and risk reduction potential of this new technology is also presented and discussed.
Properties of azidotrifluoromethane (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of azidotrifluoromethaneKarl O. Christe and Carl J. SchackCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 8, 2566–2570Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50222a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50222a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparison of large-scale toroidal and solenoidal SMES systems (1991)

A review is presented of the characteristics of large-scale toroidal and solenoidal coils (>10 MWh, or 36 GJ) to establish a basis for quantitative estimates of the material requirements for these two SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage) systems. The size dependence, the scaling features, and the estimated costs for major material components are compared. Results show that requirements for major materials in the toroid exceed those for the solenoid by factors from two to more than five, depending on size and assumptions.
Enantioseparation on 4-halogen-substituted phenylcarbamates of amylose as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography (1997)

Four 4-halogen-substituted phenylcarbamate derivatives of amylose were prepared and their chiral recognition abilities as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated and compared with those of the corresponding cellulose derivatives. The amylose derivatives with fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo group at the four-position on the phenyl group were found to show higher chiral resolving ability than the corresponding cellulose derivatives. Among four amylose derivatives 4-fluoro- and 4-chlorophenylcarbamates showed an excellent chiral recognition ability. Especially, amylose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) resolved (±)-1,2,2,2-tetraphenylethanol with a very high α value (α = 8.29). In order to obtain useful information concerning the chiral recognition mechanism of this resolution, we also performed enantioseparation of a variety of analogous racemic alcohols, and found that both the hydroxy and bulky triphenylmethyl groups of the racemate are essential for the effective chiral recognition. Chirality 9:63–68, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1 Improve Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2018)

Effective therapies for erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) are needed. In this study, the effects of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-expressing engineered mesenchymal stem cells (SDF-1 eMSCs) and the relevant mechanisms in the corpus cavernosum of a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM ED rat model were evaluated. In a randomized controlled trial, Sprague⁻Dawley (SD) rats (<i>n</i> = 48) were divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 12/group): Normal (control), DM ED (diabetes induced by STZ), DM ED + BM-MSC (treated with bone marrow [BM]-derived MSCs), and DM ED + SDF-1 eMSC (treated with SDF-1-expressing BM-MSCs). After four weeks, intracavernosal pressure (ICP), an indicator of erectile function, was 0.75 ± 0.07 in the normal group, 0.27 ± 0.08 in the DM ED group, 0.42 ± 0.11 in the DM ED + BM-MSC group, and 0.58 ± 0.11 in the DM ED + SDF-1 eMSC group. BM-MSCs, especially SDF-1 eMSCs, improved ED (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SDF-1 eMSC treatment improved the smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum (<i>p</i> < 0.05). As SDF-1 expression increased, ED recovery improved. In the SDF-1 eMSC group, levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and phosphorylated endothelial NOS (p-eNOS) were higher than those in other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, high stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression was associated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in DM ED rats (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Higher levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT)/protein kinase B (AKT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and lower levels of the apoptosis factors Bcl2-associated x (Bax) and caspase-3 were observed in the MSC-treated group than in the DM ED group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SDF-1 eMSCs showed beneficial effects on recovery from erectile function.
Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring with a Thin-Film Optical Sensor (2007)

We demonstrate the ability of a phenylboronic acid-based sensor to measure glucose in human blood plasma for the 1st time in vitro. Holographic glucose sensors can be used without recourse to recalibration. Their robust nature, coupled with their format flexibility, makes them an attractive alternative to conventional electrochemical enzyme-based methods of glucose monitoring for people with diabetes.
HTLV-I tax gene product activates transcription via pre-existing cellular factors and cAMP responsive element (1989)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia. The 3' end of HTLV-I proviral DNA encodes the synthesis of two regulatory proteins, tax and rex. The 40-kDa tax protein is a nuclear protein which positively stimulates transcription from the U3 region of the viral long terminal repeat sequence. Three 21-base pair sequences in the U3 region have been found to serve as the cis-element for tax-mediated trans-activation. We now report that the tax protein can trans-activate HTLV-I LTR in the absence of de novo cellular protein synthesis. Saturated mutagenesis of the 21-base pair repeat sequence showed that specific mutations clustered in sequences homologous to the cAMP responsive element (TGACGTCA) abolish trans-activation by tax. Furthermore, although the TGACGTCN element is nearly palindromic, the mutations that abolish trans-activation are localized exclusively in the 5' 6 bases, suggesting the orientation of this element may play a role in transcription. That the purified tax protein does not bind the 21-base pair repeats or nonspecific DNA lends further support to the notion that tax protein does not directly interact with the 21-base pair repeats to activate transcription. Instead, tax most likely acts via cellular transcriptional factor(s) to bring about trans-activation.
Noncontact surface temperature measurement by means of a modulated photothermal effect (1990)

The main problems when measuring surface temperature by means of radiometry (i.e., optical pyrometry) are the unknown emissivity and radiation reflected by the sample. The latter problem becomes critical when the sample is placed in hot surroundings, such as furnaces or combustion chambers; indeed, the reflected flux may then become larger than the emitted flux. In this paper we describe a novel technique, based on the photothermal effect, which allows the surface temperature to be measured without error due to reflected fluxes. The influence of the parameters of the experimental setup are discussed. Experimental data obtained with a sample placed inside a furnace are reported in the (300-1150 K) range. The experimental results show the efficiency of the technique which proves to be a general solution to extend the domain of application of optical pyrometry.
FASTBUS Rack Alarms and Limits (1986)

A FASTBUS based data acquisition system is under construction at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory for the Collider Detector at FERMILASB (CDF). This system is likely to have in the area 35 to 40 racks, 25 of which may house up to 3, FASTBUS crates, associated power supplies and cooling aparatus. Such a rack may represent as much as $175,000. Th is paper describes a rack protection system, designed to greately reduce the possibility of large scale system damage, which will add an additional cost of approximately 1 to 2 %.
Elevated expression of TANK-binding kinase 1 enhances tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer (2014)

Resistance to antiestrogens is one of the major challenges in breast cancer treatment. Although phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an important factor in endocrine resistance, the contributions of specific kinases in endocrine resistance are still not fully understood. Here, we report that an important innate immune response kinase, the IκB kinase-related TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), is a crucial determinant of resistance to tamoxifen therapies. We show that TBK1 increases ERα transcriptional activity through phosphorylation modification of ERα at the Ser-305 site. Ectopic TBK1 expression impairs the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. By studying the specimens from patients with breast cancer, we find a strong positive correlation of TBK1 with ERα, ERα Ser-305, and cyclin D1. Notably, patients with tumors highly expressing TBK1 respond poorly to tamoxifen treatment and show high potential for relapse. Therefore, our findings suggest that TBK1 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer via phosphorylation modification of ERα.