gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple forms of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>: Isolation and specificity (1973)

Abstract Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A 2 was purified from commercial pancreatin by a method involving heat denaturation, trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and DEAE‐cellulose chromatography. Assaying the eluate of the chromatography step by a new titrimetric method using vegetable lecithin‐albumin emulsion as the substrate, several species of phospholipase A were found. Some of these went undetected when the conventional egg yolk emulsion assay was used. Two phospholipases A 2 were isolated in a homogeneous form and shown to have similar chemical and physical properties. Catalytic specificity of the two enzymes differs remarkably toward lecithins in different emulsified states.
Effect of Reinforcements on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of SiC Short-Fibre-Reinforced SiC Composites (2004)

Tyranno SA fibre was higher strength at high temperatures and higher thermal conductivity than that of Hi-Nicalon fibre. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reinforcements on the mechanical and thermal properties of SiC/SiC composites containing non-coated Tyranno SA short fibres. SiC/SiC composites containing 30 vol.% short fibres were fabricated by tape-casting and hot-pressing at 1650°C–1750°C under a pressure of 40 MPa using an Al 2 O 3 -Y 2 O 3 -CaO mixture as sintering additives independent of fibre type.
Silver Nanoparticles Capped by Oleylamine:  Formation, Growth, and Self-Organization (2007)

Nearly monodisperse silver nanoparticles have been prepared in a simple oleylamine-liquid paraffin system. Intensive study has found that the formation process of silver nanoparticles could be divided into three stages: growth, incubation, and Ostwald ripening stages. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM have all demonstrated the occurrence of Ostwald ripening, which could result in better control over the size and size distribution of silver nanoparticles. SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) results show that the as-obtained silver nanoparticles can self-assemble into ordered arrays. The possible reduction mechanism of silver ions by oleylamine is related to the Ag+-mediated conversion of primary amines to nitriles.
Serum ^|^alpha;1-Acid Glycoprotein in Cattle with Various Diseases (1989)

Ninety-five cattle with various diseases, 28 healthy, and 10 grazing cattle were examined for serum concentration of aracid glycoprotein (α1-AG). It was assayed by the single radial immunodiffusion method. The serum α1-AG level was 236±68μg/ml in the healthy cattle, 843±532μg/ml in cases with bovine leukosis and 973±1099μg/ml in cases with inflammatory diseases. The α1-AG level was much higher in cattle with liver abscess, multiple abscess, gangrenous mastitis, eosinophilic myositis and pneumonia than that in normal cattle. However, the levels in cattle with cerebral abscess, meningitis or fatty liver were identical to those in normal cattle, and less in cattle with fat necrosis. No noticeable changes in α1-AG level were observed in healthy grazing cattle. From these results, serum α1-AG concentration seemed to be useful for the diagnosis of leukosis and inflammatory diseases in cattle.
3-Carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from Neurospora crassa: an alternate cycloisomerase motif (1994)

3-Carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (CMLE; EC 5.5.1.5) from Neurospora crassa catalyzes the reversible gamma-lactonization of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate by a syn-1,2 addition-elimination reaction. The stereochemical and regiochemical course of the reaction is (i) opposite that of CMLE from Pseudomonas putida (EC 5.5.1.2) and (ii) identical to that of cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (MLE; EC 5.5.1.1) from P. putida. In order to determine the mechanistic and evolutionary relationships between N. crassa CMLE and the procaryotic cycloisomerases, we have purified CMLE from N. crassa to homogeneity and determined its nucleotide sequence from a cDNA clone isolated from a p-hydroxybenzoate-induced N. crassa cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a protein of 41.2 kDa (365 residues) which does not exhibit sequence similarity with any of the bacterial cycloisomerases. The cDNA encoding N. crassa CMLE was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant protein exhibits physical and kinetic properties equivalent to those found for the isolated N. crassa enzyme. We also report that N. crassa CMLE possesses substantially reduced yet significant levels of MLE activity with cis,cis-muconate and, furthermore, does not appear to be dependent on divalent metals for activity. These data suggest that the N. crassa CMLE may represent a novel eucaryotic motif in the cycloisomerase enzyme family.
A quantitative study of the human cerebellum with unbiased stereological techniques (1992)

Estimates of total number of different neuron and glial cell types in the dentate nuclei and the four major regions of the human cerebellum were obtained by new stereological methods. With the optical disector and Cavalieri methods, the total number of neurons and glial cells in the human cerebellum of five elderly men was estimated to be 105,000 x 10(6) (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.13). Of this total, the granule cells comprised 101,000 x 10(6) (CV = 0.13) and the Purkinje cells comprised 30.5 x 10(6) (CV = 0.13) of the neurons. The mean of the total number of neurons in the dentate nucleus was 5.01 x 10(6) (CV = 0.28). The average surface area of the human cerebellum was estimated to be 1160 cm2 (CV = 0.29). The rationale for the different sampling schemes used to quantify the various cell types is described.
FASE: A Framework for Scalable Performance Prediction of HPC Systems and Applications (2007)

As systems of computers become more compleX in terms of their architecture, interconnect and heterogeneity, the optimum configuration and utilization of these machines becomes a major challenge. To reduce the penalties caused by poorly configured systems, simulation is often used to predict the performance of key applications to be eXecuted on the new systems. Simulation provides the capability to observe component and system characteristics (e.g. performance and power) in order to make vital design decisions. However, simulating high-fidelity models can be very time consuming and even prohibitive when evaluating large-scale systems. The Fast and Accurate Simulation Environment (FASE) framework seeks to support large-scale system simulation by using high-fidelity models to capture the behavior of only the performance-critical components while employing abstraction techniques to capture the effects of those components with little impact on the system. In order to achieve this balance of accuracy and simulation speed, FASE provides a methodology and associated toolset to evaluate numerous architectural options. This approach allows users to make system design decisions based on quantifiable demands of their key applications rather than using manual analysis which can be error prone and impractical for large systems. The framework accomplishes this evaluation through a novel approach of combining discrete-event simulation with an application characterization scheme in order to remove unnecessary details while focusing on components critical to the performance of the application. In this paper, we present the methodology and techniques behind FASE and include several case studies validating systems constructed using various applications and interconnects.
Neural network-based combustion optimization reduces NO/sub x/ emissions while improving performance (2002)

A neural network based system has been applied on 11 units with tangential-, cell-, single wall- and opposed wall-burner arrangements that have ranged in capacity from 146 to 800 MW in an advisory mode. Several sites have employed the neural network-based system for closed-loop supervisory combustion control. Boiler combustion profiles change continuously due to coal quality, boiler loading, changes in slag/soot deposits, ambient conditions, and the condition of plant equipment. Through online retraining, the neural network-based system optimizes the boiler operation by accommodating equipment performance changes due to wear and maintenance activities, adjusting to fluctuations in fuel quality, and improving operating flexibility. The system dynamically adjusts combustion set points and bias settings in closed-loop supervisory control to reduce NO/sub x/ emissions and improve heat rate simultaneously. This paper presents the benefits of applying an online, real-time neural network to several commercially operating bituminous coal fired utility boilers. The system helps reduce NO/sub x/ emissions up to 60%, meeting compliance while it improves heat rate up to 2% overall (5% at low load) and reduces unburned carbon in ash (CIA) as much as 30% through combustion optimization alone. The system can avoid or postpone large capital expenditures for low NO/sub x/ burners, overfire air boiler modifications, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) equipment.
CsRAV1 induces sylleptic branching in hybrid poplar (2012)

• Sylleptic branching in trees may increase significantly branch number, leaf area and the general growth of the tree, particularly in its early years. Although this is a very important trait, so far little is known about the genes that control this process. • This article characterizes the Castanea sativa RAV1 gene, homologous to Arabidopsis TEM genes, by analyzing its circadian behavior and examining its winter expression in chestnut stems and buds. Transgenic hybrid poplars over-expressing CsRAV1 or showing RNA interference down-regulated PtaRAV1 and PtaRAV2 expression were produced and analyzed. • Over-expression of the CsRAV1 gene induces the early formation of sylleptic branches in hybrid poplar plantlets during the same growing season in which the lateral buds form. Only minor growth differences and no changes in wood anatomy are produced. • The possibility of generating trees with a greater biomass by manipulating the CsRAV1 gene makes CsRAV1 transgenic plants promising candidates for bioenergy production.
Longitudinal study pursues questions of calcium, hormones, and metabolism in life of skeleton (1992)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ago, 169 Roman Catholic nuns in their 40s enrolled in a longitudinal study on bone health with a commitment to participate well into advanced age. Every 5 years, these women have undergone a battery of 150 to 200 tests looking at calcium absorption and balance, hormonal levels, and bone metabolism. The study, still under way at Creighton University School of Medicine, has provided an abundance of knowledge about calcium physiology in the perimenopausal woman. Now referred to by some as the "Framingham study of osteoporosis," the study is believed to be the longest-running extramural study funded, but not conducted, by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. The key to the study's longevity may rest to some extent with the type of institution that Creighton is. Because Creighton puts its primary emphasis on teaching rather than research, "there is less pressure to provide immediate results tomorrow," says
p53 Pathway Alterations in Brain Tumors (2009)

Mutations in the TP53 gene or the p53 pathway are required for the formation of many human cancers, including brain tumors. The p53 protein is a multi-modal tumor suppressor that controls many processes that are disrupted during tumor formation, in large part by functioning as a transcription factor. p53 regulates the expression of many target genes, including those encoding anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic proteins that mediate many of its intracellular tumor-suppressive activities. The p53 protein can also directly induce apoptosis by associating with mitochondrial proteins in a transcription-independent fashion. Furthermore, p53 exerts oncosuppressive effects through cell-extrinsic mechanisms that rely heavily on its ability to control exosome-mediated protein secretion. Here we provide an overview of p53 functions in tumor suppression and review its involvement in the formation of brain tumors.
Small-Signal Second-Harmonic Generation by a Nonlinear Transmission Line (Short Paper) (1986)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) by a relatively low-loss transmission line having a capacitive nonlinearity is treated with an extended small-signal analysis. This simple theory brings out the relevance of "phase matching" the fundamental- and second-harmonic waves and of reducing losses in order to optimize SHG. It is shown that maximum SHG will occur when the line is short compared with its "coherence length" and has radian electrical length equal to twice its "transmission Q" at the second-harmonic frequency. The product of a line's "transmission Q" and its "nonlinearity factor" should be maximized to obtain maximum efficiency and is, therefore, believed to be a useful figure of merit for comparing the SHG potential of different transmission-line implementations.
Fabrication and validation of a multi-channel type microfluidic chip for electrokinetic streaming potential devices (2006)

To elaborate on the applicability of the electrokinetic micro power generation, we designed and fabricated the silicon-glass as well as the PDMS-glass microfluidic chips with the unique features of a multi-channel. Besides miniaturizing the device, the key advantage of our microfluidic chip utilization lies in the reduction in water flow rate. Both a distributor and a collector taking the tapered duct geometry are positioned aiming the uniform distribution of water flow into all individual channels of the chip, in which several hundreds of single microchannels are assembled in parallel. A proper methodology is developed accompanying the deep reactive ion etching as well as the anodic bonding, and optimum process conditions necessary for hard and soft micromachining are presented. It has been shown experimentally and theoretically that the silicon-based microchannel leads to increasing streaming potential and higher external current compared to those of the PDMS-based one. A proper comparison between experimental results and theoretical computations allows justification of the validity of our novel devices. It is useful to recognize that a material inducing a higher magnitude of zeta potential has an advantage for obtaining higher power density under the same external resistance.
Cross species fertilization and development investigated by cat sperm injection into mouse oocytes (2011)

The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in model animals is a powerful approach for the study of species-specific fertilization processes and multiploidy embryogenesis. In this study, we examined the fertilization process in mouse oocytes following injection of a single mouse or cat sperm, two mouse spermatozoa or mouse and cat spermatozoa. These treatments did not affect histone H3K9 acetylation or methylation, although the pattern of DNA methylation differed following the injection of cat sperm. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that sperm chromatin was normally incorporated with female mouse chromatin following any of the four injection scenarios. Furthermore, metaphase was successfully entered to reach a normal two-cell stage, and cell division could even persist to produce blastocyst stage embryos. In addition, both mouse and cat Pou5l and Nanog mRNA were expressed in the hybrid embryos. These results suggest that, although epigenetic modification of DNA is affected by the sperm injection treatment, fertilization and cleavage occur in a non-species-specific manner. In addition, despite abnormal division of the chromosomes, intra- and inter-species ICSI produced embryos that could develop into blastocysts.
Phenoxazine, IV: Über die Kondensation von Hydroxy‐chinonen mit <i>o</i>‐Phenylendiamin und <i>o</i>‐Aminophenolen (1961)

Abstract Die Kondensation von Hydroxy‐benzochinonen mit o ‐Phenylendiamin und o ‐Aminophenolen beginnt mit einer nucleophilen Substitution der Hydroxygruppen durch das Amin und, falls die Hydroxygruppe sterisch behindert ist, mit einer 1.4‐Addition der Aminogruppe an das Chinon. Die Triphendioxazin‐Bildung bei der Kondensation von Hydroxy‐benzochinonen mit o ‐Aminophenolen wird geklärt. Neue Synthesen für Phenoxazone und Fluorindin werden beschrieben.
Subsidia biographica Vaticana (1930)

In the Karst area of southwestern China, the heavy metals in the sediment of a reservoir are determined by both human activities and the high background values. Thus, this study explores the change of heavy metals in surface sediment after ten-year sustainable development in the upstream areas of a reservoir, Huaxi Reservoir, located in Guiyang of southwestern China, then evaluates the risk of these heavy metals to water environment systematically and finally identifies the sources in both 2019 and 2009. The results reveal that all of the measured heavy metals decrease dramatically and their spatial distributions change from the increase-decrease pattern to decrease-increase pattern, implying different locations of main source input. The risk indices based on the total or average content and relative or reference values have decreased to the lowest level. However, those indices calculated from the absolute content of each metalloid still show a low or a moderate risk because of the high background value, such as As and Cr. Moreover, although only one main source of heavy metals is identified in both 2019 and 2009, the risk from human activities still cannot be neglected because agricultural production and infrastructure construction would promote the weathering of soil and then these heavy metals from the soil will be brought into the reservoir with the rainfall-runoff process. The high background value of specific heavy metals, e.g., As and Cr would still exert some challenges to the water environment protections because the non-point source input of heavy metal cannot be controlled easily by promulgating a series of bans. These results provide important reference for creating the policies of water environment protection, especially in some Karst area of southwestern China that exhibits high background value of heavy metals.
[Inhibitory effect of alveolar macrophages on the proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts]. (2002)

The effect of alveolar macrophages (AM) harvested from Wistar rats by lung lavage on proliferation of human embryo pulmonary fibroblasts in culture was investigated. It was observed that supernatants of AM decreased the uptake of (3)H TdR by the pulmonary fibroblasts. The AM activated with opsonized zymosan (OPZ) showed a stronger inhibitory effect on fibroblast proliferation compared with inactivated AM. Following pretreatment with indomethacin, the inhibitory effect of AM was abolished and reversed to stimulatory effect on pulmonary fibroblast proliferation. The PGE content in AM supernatant was measured with radioimmunoassay. It was observed that the inhibitory effect of AM was highly correlated to prostaglandin (PGE) content in the supernatant of AM. The results suggest that AM has both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the proliferation of pulmonary fibroblast; the inhibitory effect is primary under normal conditions. This inhibitory action is mainly due to PGE secreted from AM. It is, therefore, suggested that AM plays an important role in suppressing pulmonary fibrosis under normal conditions.
Esophageal stenting with a self-expandable metallic device: a preliminary study. (1992)

This study was designed to investigate the potential of the Gianturco-Rosch Z stent in the alimentary canal, using the rabbit esophagus as the animal model. Single stents were implanted in four animals, which were followed up for predetermined periods, lasting from 48 hours to 6 weeks. All the stents remained in place. A florid tissue reaction was noticed, initially manifesting primarily as submucosal cellular infiltration, and mucosal erosion. Over the ensuing six weeks, the acute changes gave way to mucosal regeneration, and the appearance of granulation tissue in the submucosa. The stented segments remained patent, and feeding difficulties were limited to the immediate post-procedure period. These preliminary results suggest that peristaltic activity is no contraindication to the use of Z stents, though measures to limit the tissue response need to be identified.
GaAs/AlGaAs photonic integrated circuits fabricated using chemically assisted ion beam etching (1990)

Photonic integrated circuits with a virtually complete set of active and passive devices are fabricated in the GaAs/AlGaAs system by single-step chemically assisted ion beam etching. Using this straightforward processing technique, photonic integrated circuits consisting of etched facet ridge waveguide lasers coupled to passive waveguides, beamsplitters, etched turning mirrors, and photodetectors are demonstrated. The results presented point to the promise of this technique for the fabrication of future high-complexity photonic integrated circuits.
Server-assisted speech recognition over the Internet (2002)

We propose a new architecture for deploying speech recognition over the Internet. The client performs the recognition, but is assisted by the server who computes the speech parameters. To demonstrate the architecture, we developed a Java-based Web-navigation system where the precomputed HMM models of the hyperlinked words are stored on the Web page and downloaded by the client. We tested the system on a digit-recognition example. The results show that with quantization and compression of the speech parameters, good recognition can be achieved in acceptable download and calculation time even on clients with modest connection speeds and computational powers.
The Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase Protein MAGI-1 Binds Megalin and Is Present in Glomerular Podocytes (2001)

The transmembrane endocytic receptor glycoprotein 330/megalin (hereafter referred to as megalin) is localized to the apical membrane domain of epithelial cells, where it is involved in the uptake of proteins from extracellular sources. The cytoplasmic domain of megalin contains amino acid motifs that have the potential to bind to other proteins, which may influence its localization or function. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to search for proteins that bind to the cytoplasmic tail of megalin, and a protein fragment from a mouse embryonic cDNA library that contained a single PDZ domain was identified. This protein, which was named glycoprotein 330-associated protein (GASP), appears to be a truncated mouse counterpart of the human and rat proteins atrophin-1-interacting protein-1 and synaptic scaffolding molecule, respectively. The interaction of GASP with megalin is mediated by the PDZ domain of GASP binding to the DSDV motif found at the carboxyl-terminus of megalin. A mutant version of megalin that lacks the terminal valine is unable to bind to GASP, illustrating the PDZ domain-dependent interaction between these two proteins. A close homolog of GASP, i.e., membrane-associated guanylate kinase with inverted orientation-1 (MAGI-1), is more ubiquitous in its tissue distribution (including kidney) and is also able to specifically bind to megalin via its fifth PDZ domain. Immunofluorescence studies of adult kidney revealed that MAGI-1 is expressed in the glomerulus of the kidney, in a manner that parallels the expression of the podocyte-specific protein glomerular epithelial protein 1. Western analysis of endogenous MAGI-1 from glomerular preparations suggests that it is associated with the cytoskeleton and seems to be expressed in a different form, compared with cell line-derived endogenous MAGI-1. The association of megalin with MAGI-1 may allow the assembly of a multiprotein complex, in which megalin may serve a nonendocytic function in glomerular podocytes.
Multi-stimuli responsive poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s (2014)

Multi-stimuli responsive polymers based on dibenzo-18-crown-6-ethers.