gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history (1999)

Stratospheric ozone depletion through catalytic chemistry involving man‐made chlorofluorocarbons is an area of focus in the study of geophysics and one of the global environmental issues of the twentieth century. This review presents a brief history of the science of ozone depletion and describes a conceptual framework to explain the key processes involved, with a focus on chemistry. Observations that may be considered as evidence (fingerprints) of ozone depletion due to chlorofluorocarbons are explored, and the related gas phase and surface chemistry is described. Observations of ozone and of chlorine‐related trace gases near 40 km provide evidence that gas phase chemistry has indeed currently depleted about 10% of the stratospheric ozone there as predicted, and the vertical and horizontal structures of this depletion are fingerprints for that process. More striking changes are observed each austral spring in Antarctica, where about half of the total ozone column is depleted each September, forming the Antarctic ozone hole. Measurements of large amounts of ClO, a key ozone destruction catalyst, are among the fingerprints showing that human releases of chlorofluorocarbons are the primary cause of this change. Enhanced ozone depletion in the Antarctic and Arctic regions is linked to heterogeneous chlorine chemistry that occurs on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds at cold temperatures. Observations also show that some of the same heterogeneous chemistry occurs on the surfaces of particles present at midlatitudes as well, and the abundances of these particles are enhanced following explosive volcanic eruptions. The partitioning of chlorine between active forms that destroy ozone and inert reservoirs that sequester it is a central part of the framework for our understanding of the 40‐km ozone decline, the Antarctic ozone hole, the recent Arctic ozone losses in particularly cold years, and the observation of record midlatitude ozone depletion after the major eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the early 1990s. As human use of chlorofluorocarbons continues to decrease, these changes throughout the ozone layer are expected to gradually reverse during the twenty‐first century.
Decomposition of Tertiary Alkyl Hypochlorites<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecomposition of Tertiary Alkyl Hypochlorites1Frederick D. Greene, Maxine L. Savitz, Frederick D. Osterholtz, Hans H. Lau, William N. Smith, and Paul M. ZanetCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 55–64Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01036a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetism in bcc and fcc Fe with carbon and manganese (2010)

Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the structure and magnetic properties of bcc (α) and fcc (γ) Fe with 3 at.% carbon and manganese impurities. We find that all bcc-based Fe, Fe-C and Fe-Mn-C phases exhibit a ferromagnetic (FM) ground state, while the antiferromagnetic double-layer (AFMD) state is lowest in energy within the collinear spin approach in fcc Fe, Fe-C and Fe-Mn-C phases. However, the carbon and manganese impurities affect the local magnetic interactions significantly. The states with opposite manganese magnetic moments are quasi-degenerate in bcc Fe-Mn alloy, whereas octa-site carbon stabilizes ferromagnetic coupling of the nearest manganese atom with the Fe host. We demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic (AFM) fcc Fe-C and Fe-Mn-C alloys are intrinsically inhomogeneous magnetic systems. Carbon frustrates the local magnetic order by reorientation of magnetic moments of the nearest Mn and Fe atoms, and favors their ferromagnetic coupling. The competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Fe-Fe and Fe-Mn interactions and the local magnetovolume instability near carbon may give rise to the spin-glass-like regions observed in austenitic Fe-Mn-C alloys.
The Tetrachlorodecaoxygen Complex Reverses the Effect of Cortisone on Wound Healing (1989)

Immunosuppression induced by the administration of glucocorticoids will prevent normal wound contraction and normal increases in tensile strength. Vitamin A, anabolic steroids, and growth hormone will, in the presence of glucocorticoids, restore mesenchymal cell proliferation, the accumulation of collagen, and the rate of increase of wound tensile strength. They will not, however, antagonize the inhibition of wound contraction. A novel inorganic agent, the tetrachlorodecaoxygen anion complex (TCDO), known to enhance the migration and activation of macrophages, was tested in a rat model of impaired wound healing using high doses of glucocorticoids. Histology, changes in wound contraction, collagen synthesis, and tensile strength were evaluated. Animals receiving cortisone in combination with TCDO displayed markedly enhanced wound healing, including restoration of tensile strength, collagen synthesis, and wound contraction. The results indicate that TCDO could be a potential agent of wound healing in immunosuppressed patients and anergic wounds.
Discrimination between Cases of Duodenal Ulcer and Gastritis on the Basis of Putative Virulence Factors of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2002)

The BabA, cagA, and vacA statuses of 827 Helicobacter pylori isolates were used in logistic regression models to discriminate duodenal ulcer from gastritis. Only BabA was a candidate for a universal virulence factor, but the low c statistic value (0.581) indicates that none of these factors were helpful in predicting the clinical presentation.
Synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles with tunable susceptibilities (2009)

High-moment monodisperse disk-shaped Co-Fe magnetic nanoparticles, stable in aqueous solution, were physically fabricated by using nanoimprinted templates and vacuum deposition techniques. These multilayer synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles exhibit nearly zero magnetic remanence and coercivity, and susceptibilities which can be tuned by exploiting interlayer magnetic interactions. In addition, a low cost method of scaling up the production of sub-100 nm synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles is demonstrated.
Tangerine: a large vocabulary Mandarin dictation system (2002)

The text input for non-alphabetic languages, such as Chinese, has been a decades-long problem. Chinese dictation using large vocabulary speech recognition provides a convenient mode of text entry. In contrast to a character based dictation system, a word-based Mandarin dictation system has been designed (based on Apple's PlainTalk speech recognition technology for efficient entry of Chinese characters into a computer. New features and improvements to the dictation system are presented. The new features and improvements have produced an overall reduction in recognition error of 50-80%. The vocabulary has also been increased from 5000 words to over 11000 words.
Reciprocal regulation of glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins via an interlocked feedback loop coupling alternative splicing to nonsense-mediated decay in Arabidopsis (2008)

The Arabidopsis RNA-binding protein AtGRP8 undergoes negative autoregulation at the post-transcriptional level. An elevated AtGRP8 protein level promotes the use of a cryptic 5' splice site to generate an alternatively spliced transcript, as_AtGRP8, retaining the 5' half of the intron with a premature termination codon. In mutants defective in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) abundance of as_AtGRP8 but not its pre-mRNA is elevated, indicating that as_AtGRP8 is a direct NMD target, thus limiting the production of functional AtGRP8 protein. In addition to its own pre-mRNA, AtGRP8 negatively regulates the AtGRP7 transcript through promoting the formation of the equivalent alternatively spliced as_AtGRP7 transcript, leading to a decrease in AtGRP7 abundance. Recombinant AtGRP8 binds to its own and the AtGRP7 pre-mRNA, suggesting that this interaction is relevant for the splicing decision in vivo. AtGRP7 itself is part of a negative autoregulatory circuit that influences circadian oscillations of its own and the AtGRP8 transcript through alternative splicing linked to NMD. Thus, we identify an interlocked feedback loop through which two RNA-binding proteins autoregulate and reciprocally crossregulate by coupling unproductive splicing to NMD. A high degree of evolutionary sequence conservation in the introns retained in as_AtGRP8 or as_AtGRP7 points to an important function of these sequences.
Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Dendritic Cells Loaded with Membrane-Translocating Mucin 1 Peptide Antigen (2011)

To investigate the role of enhanced antigen presentation in dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Here, we describe the development of a cell-penetrating mucin 1 (MUC1) antigen and its immunotherapeutic potential against tumors. After animal groups received two immunizations of MUC1-MPA(11)P-pulsed DCs, we observed a marked tumor regression compared with the mice treated with DCs alone or DCs pulsed with MUC1 peptide. We confirmed the migration and homing of DCs in the popliteal lymph node using magnetic resonance imaging during the study. In summary, enhanced antigen uptake using an MPA(11)P delivery molecule improves cell therapy.
'And there Came all Manner of Choirs': Melbourne's Burgeoning Choral Scene since 1950 (2003)

The Melbourne Philharmonic Society, established in 1853, flourished after Bernard Heinze was appointed in 1937, particularly after ABC was engaging it for many performances. The state of choirs in Melbourne is examined from the time of Heinze's gradual lessening of duties at the Philharmonic, in the early 1950s till today.
Tolerance of Extracellular Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1990)

From the Research Laboratories of Schering AG, Berlin, West Germany. Weinmann H-J, Press W-R, Gries H. Tolerance of extracellular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 1990;25:S49-S50.
A VoIP packet loss concealment technique taking account of pitch variation in pitch waveform replication (2005)

Abstract In order to realize speech communication by means of best‐effort packet communications, which is inherently unsuitable for real‐time processing, VoIP addresses the fundamental problem of degradation of communications quality by errors such as packet loss and delay. In the present research, based on the two‐sided PWR method, an error concealment technique based on waveform replication, a method of performing error concealment more effectively by taking account of the pitch variations of the speech data in the loss frame is proposed. Evaluation experiments with SNR, PESQ, and DMOS as the metrics suggest the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(3): 1–9, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20268
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM): Motivation and Architecture (1995)

Existing multicast routing mechanisms were intended for use within regions where a group is widely represented or bandwidth is universally plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are distributed sparsely across a wide area, these schemes are not efficient; data packets or membership report information are occasionally sent over many links that do not lead to receivers or senders, respectively. We have developed a multicast routing architecture that efficiently establishes distribution trees across wide area internets, where many groups will be sparsely represented. Efficiency is measured in terms of the state, control message processing, and data packet processing, required across the entire network in order to deliver data packets to the members of the group. Our Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) architecture: a) maintains the traditional IP multicast service model of receiver-initiated membership; b) can be configured to adapt to different multicast grou...
New world, known world: shaping knowledge in early Anglo-American writing (2006)

New World, Known World examines the works of four writers closely associated with the early period of English colonization, from 1624 to 1649: John Smith's Generall Historie of Virginia, William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation, Thomas Morton's New English Canaan, and Roger Williams's A Key into the Language of America (in conjunction with another of Williams's major works, The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution). David Read addresses these texts as examples of what he refers to as individual knowledge projects - the writers' attempts to transform raw information and experience into patterns and narratives that can be compared with and assessed against others from a given society's fund of accepted knowledge. Read argues that the known body of knowledge in the period immediately before the development of well-defined scientific disciplines is primarily the work of individuals functioning in relative isolation, rather than institutions working in concert. Thus the European colonization of other regions in the same period exposes in a way few historical situations do both the complexity and the uncertainty that attach to the task of producing knowledge. Read treats each work as the project of a specific mind, reflecting certain degrees of intentionality and design, and not as a collection of documentary evidence to be culled in the service of a large-scale argument. He shows that each author had a distinct voice to add to the experience of North American colonization and that each articulates convention, rhetorical strategies, and applications of metaphor and allegory.
PILOT—A New Multiple Computer System (1959)

The PILOT data processor is a high-speed multiple computer system, more than 100 times faster than SEAC. It contains three interconnected computers for rapid processing of data, and also contains multiple input-output channels for rapid transfer of data into and out of the system. All of these units operate concurrently in a coordinated fashion. A summary description is given of the over-all logical plan of the system, including the principal characteristics of the first computer, the second computer, the third computer, the internal controls, and the external controls. The system combines internal processing capabilities that are fast and versatile with external communication capabilities that are exceptionally flexible. This combination permits the internal power of the machine to be exploited readily by the outside world,—either by other automatic devices or by human operators.
Mass spectrometry of gas-phase lithium alkoxides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass spectrometry of gas-phase lithium alkoxidesJason D. Kahn, Armin Haag, and Paul v. R. SchleyerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 1, 212–220Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100312a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j100312a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Development and reliability of a streetscape observation instrument for international use: MAPS-global (2018)

Evaluation of inter-observer reliability of MAPS-Global across five countries indicated all items and scales had "good" or "excellent" reliability. The results demonstrate that trained observers from multiple countries were able to reliably conduct observations of both residential and commercial areas with the new MAPS-Global instrument. Next steps are to evaluate construct validity in relation to physical activity in multiple countries and gain experience with using MAPS-Global for research and practice applications.
Organization and expression of multiple actin genes in the sea urchin. (1981)

A set of at least 11 actin genes has been isolated from genomic recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid libraries of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Most of the isolates derive from a library which represents the genome of a single animal. There are at least five distinct types of sea urchin actin gene, some of which are represented by multiple copies in the genome. The actin gene types are distinguished by nonhomologous flanking sequences and intervening sequences, though the protein coding sequences appear in most cases to be quite similar. Eight of the 11 genes isolated have been recovered in lambda recombinants that contain two actin genes, linked at 5- to 9-kilobase distances. Restriction map overlaps suggest that the genome contains an array of at least three of these genes spaced over about 30 kilobases of deoxyribonucleic acid. In the linkage patterns observed, actin genes of diverse types were linked to each other. In early embryos, actin messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts of 1.8 and 2.2 kilobases were found, and the longer of these transcripts was more prevalent in the maternal RNA of the egg. From RNA gel blot experiments, we conclude that the two transcripts derive from different actin gene types. Different repetitive sequences were located to either side of most of the actin genes, and in most observed cases the repeat sequences which were adjacent to actin genes of a given type were similar. The repeat sequences flanking the actin genes belonged to families which were transcribed, but those repeats in the neighborhood of the actin genes which have been investigated were not themselves represented in the stable RNAs of eggs or early embryos.
Comparison of Predictions from Reservoir Models to Actual Production Data: Field Examples (2002)

Abstract Reservoir models were constructed on two gas condensate reservoirs (M-4/M4-A and M-6) in the Gulf of Mexico. The gas reservoirs are at a depth of 15000 feet subsea, over pressured and supported by active aquifers. Initial gas production was essentially water-free with steep pressure decline that was later followed by rapid rise in water production. Peak gas production from either reservoir reached about 166 MMCFPD. The reservoir models were fully compositional. The models were history-matched with production data and then used to predict future performance. This paper compares predictions of the models to actual reservoir production data. The model for the M-6 reservoir predicted gas production with an accuracy of −0.72%, condensate production at +2.80% and water production at +12.4%. The predicted accuracies for the M-4/4A reservoirs are as follows: gas (-0.33%), condensate (−4.99%) and water (+25.56%). The main objective of this paper is to provide data on the errors associated with the use of history matched models to forecast reservoir performance. Surveys of the petroleum literature indicate that they are few technical papers that compare model predictions to actual reservoir performance data over an extended period of time. Mass publications of these types of results are essential in establishing reservoir simulation as a valuable analytical tool for reservoir engineers. It will also improve its acceptance in the petroleum industry as a reliable tool for prediction of reservoir performance.
Expression of Chemokine Receptors by Lung T Cells from Normal and Asthmatic Subjects (2001)

The lung is an important tertiary lymphoid organ with constant trafficking of T cells through the lung in both health and disease. T cell migration is controlled by a combination of adhesion receptors and chemokines expressed on vascular endothelium and in the tissue, often in an organ-specific manner. This leads to selective accumulation of different T cell subsets, a process called lymphocyte homing. There is evidence for a distinct lung-homing pathway, but no specific lung-homing receptors have been described. We analyzed the chemokine receptor profile of lung T cells to determine the extent to which lung T cells shared homing pathways with other organs such as the gut and skin. In addition, we compared expression of receptors in normal and asthmatic individuals to determine whether different pathways were used in health and disease. We observed that lung T cells expressed a profile of chemokine and adhesion receptors distinct from that of gut- and skin-homing T cells although no chemokine receptor specific for the lung was found. In particular, lung T cells expressed CCR5 and CXCR3, but not CCR9 or cutaneous lymphocyte Ag, and only low levels of CCR4 and alpha(4)beta(7). No differences were observed between lung T cells from normal vs asthmatic subjects. This study provides added support for the concept of a lung-homing pathway separate from other mucosal organs such as the gut and suggests that the chemokine pathways that control T cell migration in normal homeostasis and Th2-type inflammatory responses are similar.