gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust and efficient algorithms for optical flow computation (2002)

In this paper, we present two new, very efficient and accurate algorithms for computing optical flow. The first is a modified gradient-based regularization method, and the other is an SSD-based regularization method. To amend the errors in the image flow constraint caused by the discontinuities in the brightness function, we propose to selectively combine the image flow constraint and the contour-based flow constraint into the data constraint in a regularization framework. The image flow constraint is disabled in the neighborhood of discontinuities, while the contour-based flow constraint is active at discontinuity locations. To solve the linear system resulting from the regularization formulation, the incomplete Cholesky preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm is employed, leading to an efficient algorithm. Our SSD-based regularization method uses the SSD measure as the data constraint in a regularization framework. The preconditioned nonlinear conjugate gradient with a modified search direction scheme is developed to minimize the resulting energy function. Experimental results for these two algorithms are given to demonstrate their performance.
New Power Supply for Audio Power Amplifiers (1978)

A switch-mode power supply was developped to meet requirement for reduction in size and weight for high power amplifiers.
Pitfalls of staircase meshing (1993)

The authors demonstrate that staircased approximations to curved or oblique electromagnetic interfaces yield poor accuracy unless the user has truly unlimited computer resources for two simple geometries: a conducting strip and a circular conducting cylinder. Conformal meshing reduces by a factor of four the resolution required in each direction. A conformally meshed circular cylinder model yields good radar cross section (RCS) predictions with only eight cells per wavelength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High resolution X-ray photon-counting detector with scintillator-deposited charge-coupled device (2006)

We report on a new photon-counting detector possessing unprecedented spatial resolution and moderate spectral resolution for 0.1-100 keV X-rays. It consists of an X-ray charge-coupled device (CCD) and a scintillator. The scintillator is directly coupled to the back surface of the X-ray CCD. Low-energy X-rays below 10 keV can be directly detected by the CCD. The majority of hard X-rays above 10 keV pass through the CCD but can be absorbed by the scintillator, generating visible photons. We coupled needlelike CsI(Tl) on the front surface of the back-illuminated (BI) CCD. The high detection efficiency of BI CCDs in the visible band enables us to collect visible photons emitted from the CsI(Tl) efficiently, leading to the moderate spectral resolution of 28.4% at 22.1 keV and 25% at 59.5 keV. We also investigated the imaging capability of our device and demonstrated high resolution imaging with an accuracy of 10 /spl plusmn/3 /spl mu/m at 17.4 keV.
Robust performance of Terrain Referenced Navigation using flash LiDAR (2016)

The sequential processing Terrain Referenced Navigation (TRN) updates the vehicle position using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) whenever the measurement is acquired. The conventional sequential TRN uses RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) altimeter as a TRN sensor and uses only one range measurement. However, the TRN performance can be improved by replacing the TRN sensor with a flash LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), which measures multiple ranges between the LiDAR and the targets by using speed of light and Time Of Flight (TOF). It is possible because the receiver of the flash LiDAR has Focal Plane Array (FPA) which consists of many photo detectors as a form of array. In the conventional TRN algorithm, Digital Elevation Map (DEM) error is applied to the measurement covariance. However, the location where the terrain elevation is computed is not coincide with DEM location in general. Therefore applying the DEM error to all estimated target location is not realistic. In this paper, it is shown that it is possible to get more robust result by using Gaussian Process which calculates the terrain elevation and its variance at any location.
Debittering effect of Monascus carboxypeptidase during the hydrolysis of soybean protein (2005)

The actions of pepsin and the admixture of pepsin and Monascus pilosus carboxypeptidase 1 (MpiCP-1) on the hydrolysis of soybean protein were studied. The results showed that the pepsin hydrolyzate of soybean protein was much more bitter and contained relatively smaller amounts of total free amino acids than the hydrolyzate obtained with the admixture of pepsin and MpiCP-1. In addition, hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids were present in almost equal proportions in the pepsin hydrolyzate, while mainly hydrophobic amino acids made up the hydrolyzate obtained with the admixture of pepsin and MpiCP-1. These results suggest that MpiCP-1 suppresses and reverses the development of the bitterness taste that results from the pepsin hydrolysis of soybean protein by releasing mainly hydrophobic amino acids from the C-termini of the bitter components.
Lossless progressive image transmission by residual error vector quantisation (1988)

A progressive image transmission scheme is presented. This scheme has an iterative structure in which vector quantisation is iteratively applied to the residual error images of previous quantisation and an entropy coder is responsible for coding the final error image. At each stage, a fraction of the image information is transmitted and utilised in reconstructing successive approximations of the image. Iterative coding of the residual error images makes it possible to transmit the image progressively, at the same time further compression is achieved by applying vector quantisation at each stage. Lossless reproduction is guaranteed by an entropy coder at the final stage. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves, simultaneously, lossless, progressive transmission of the image at an appreciable amount of data compression. Finally, iterative vector quantisation is shown to outperform single-stage vector quantisation.
Mitogenic activity of the adenovirus type 12 E1A gene induced by hormones in rat cells (1986)

Several lines of rat 3Y1 cells in which expression of the adenovirus type 12 E1A gene can be regulated by dexamethasone were established by introduction of recombinant vector DNA containing the adenovirus type 12 E1A gene placed downstream of the hormone-inducible promoter of mouse mammary tumor virus. These cell lines (gMA cells) produced low basal levels of the E1A transcripts and proteins in normal medium and much higher levels upon addition of dexamethasone to the medium. When dexamethasone was added to density-arrested cells, DNA synthesis was induced in 10 to 40% of the cells, the percentage depending on the cell line. DNA synthesis was increased to up to 60% of the cell population by further addition of epidermal growth factor. Indirect immunofluorescence detection of E1A proteins in gMA cells treated with dexamethasone indicated that the intensity of fluorescence in cells varied and that the proportion of cells synthesizing DNA was correlated with the proportion that exhibited strong fluorescence. These results indicate that the E1A gene has a function to trigger the synthesis of cellular DNA.
[Expression and function prediction of miR-618 in sputa and sera of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. (2013)

Level of miR-618 in both sputa and sera was significantly lower in the tuberculosis group than that in the control group and predicted target genes of miR-618 were mainly involved in biological processes such as regulation of transcription and RNA metabolism.
Hysteresis parameter imaging of soft tissue under quasi-static deformation (2004)

Ultrasonic imaging of tissue elasticity is useful for the detection of lesions such as cancer in which rigidity changes occur. The viscoelasticity of tissue makes the diagnosis by elasticity imaging difficult because the image quality depends on the rate of deformation, but the differences of viscoelasticity reflect the tissue type and degeneration. In this paper, the ultrasonic imaging of the hysteresis parameter (HP), which characterizes the local viscoelasticity, is presented. Quasi-static and cyclic loading by compression and unloading are applied to the body surface for HP imaging. The ability of HP to distinguish the tissue components and degenerations was confirmed in the results of the direct mechanical test for porcine thigh muscle and kidney. For the porcine kidney and the breast fibroadenoma, the HP images depict different patterns than the conventional B-mode and strain images. From these results, HP imaging has the potential to provide different information from conventional imaging.
Strain effects on optical gain in wurtzite GaN (1997)

Strain effects on optical gain in hexagonal bulk GaN are calculated and explained in terms of the change in the effective hexagonal crystal field component. Qualitatively, even unstrained wurtzite structures correspond to cubic crystals with a proper biaxial stress applied. Such biaxial stress results in effective tensile deformation along the c axis ([111] direction in cubic crystals) and compressive strain in the perpendicular plane. Therefore, the light mode with a polarization vector parallel to the c axis is suppressed, while the mode with a perpendicular polarization is enhanced in wurtzite structures. Thus, compared to cubic structures with similar material parameters, a strong optical anisotropy of wurtzites results in enhanced gain for certain light polarizations, which make wurtzite structures superior for lower-threshold lasing. These qualitative arguments are illustrated by numerical calculations of optical gain in biaxially strained wurtzite GaN, based on a 6×6 envelope-function Hamiltonian.
Applications of Voxel Shifting in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1990)

Due to the nature of three-dimensional Fourier transform (3-DFT) data acquisition in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the spatial relation between a resolved volume element (a voxel) and the object can be manipulated easily. Those manipulations have practical consequences in terms of registering slice positions with respect to features of interest in producing oblique reformatted images where volume resolution is preserved, and in generating reformatted images that project the viewing plane onto a surface through the object that has an arbitrary shape.
Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies in Transient Focal Ischemia in Mice (2001)

Both oral EGb and LA therapies produced significant reductions in stroke infarct volume. However, for EGb this beneficial effect appears to be dose related, with higher doses potentially increasing the risk of ICH.
Survival of a Blind Bobuck 'Trichosurus Cunninghami', Phalangeridae (2006)

The reasons that make it easy for a blind Bobuck Trichosurus cunninghami, Phalangeridae to survive in Peppermint forest are discussed. The availability of a number of refuges makes her survival easy.
An Architecture for Personal Cognitive Assistance (2018)

Current desktop environments provide weak support for carrying out complex user-oriented tasks. Although individual applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated and featurerich, users must map their high-level goals to the low-level operational vocabulary of applications, and deal with a myriad of routine tasks (such as keeping up with email, keeping calendars and web sites up-to-date, etc.). An alternative vision is that of a personal cognitive assistant. Like a good secretary, such an assistant would help users accomplish their high-level goals, coordinating the use of multiple applications, automatically handling routine tasks, and, most importantly, adapting to the individual needs of a user over time. In this paper we describe the architecture and its implementation for a personal cognitive assistant called RADAR. Key features include (a) extensibility through the use of a plug-in agent architecture (b) transparent integration with legacy applications and data of today’s desktop environments, and (c) extensive use of learning so that the environment adapts to the individual user over time.
Preparation of Diethylisopropylamine (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of DiethylisopropylamineSaul CaspeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 11, 4457Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01350a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01350a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A statistical experimental design approach to evaluate the influence of various penetration enhancers on transdermal drug delivery of buprenorphine (2014)

A series of drug-in-adhesive transdermal drug delivery systems (patch) with different chemical penetration enhancers were designed to deliver drug through the skin as a site of application. The objective of our effort was to study the influence of various chemical penetration enhancers on skin permeation rate and adhesion properties of a transdermal drug delivery system using Box-Behnken experimental design. The response surface methodology based on a three-level, three-variable Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the interactive effects on dependent variables including, the rate of skin permeation and adhesion properties, namely peel strength and tack value. Levulinic acid, lauryl alcohol, and Tween 80 were used as penetration enhancers (patch formulations, containing 0-8% of each chemical penetration enhancer). Buprenorphine was used as a model penetrant drug. The results showed that incorporation of 20% chemical penetration enhancer into the mixture led to maximum skin permeation flux of buprenorphine from abdominal rat skin while the adhesion properties decreased. Also that skin flux in presence of levulinic acid (1.594 μg/cm(2) h) was higher than Tween 80 (1.473 μg/cm(2) h) and lauryl alcohol (0.843 μg/cm(2) h), and in mixing these enhancers together, an additional effect was observed. Moreover, it was found that each enhancer increased the tack value, while levulinic acid and lauryl alcohol improved the peel strength but Tween 80 reduced it. These findings indicated that the best chemical skin penetration enhancer for buprenorphine patch was levulinic acid. Among the designed formulations, the one which contained 12% (wt/wt) enhancers exhibited the highest efficiency.
Characterization of the Nucleotide Binding Properties and ATPase Activity of Recombinant Hamster BiP Purified from Bacteria (1995)

HSP70 family proteins bind ATP and hydrolyze it, but the precise role of these activities in their in vivo chaperoning function has not been determined. In this report, we characterized wild-type hamster BiP isolated from bacteria in terms of its ATP binding and ATPase activities. Recombinant BiP behaved essentially the same as endogenous BiP in terms of oligomeric status, protease digestion patterns, and ATPase properties. By engineering a Factor Xa cleavable site following the His tag which was used for affinity purification, we demonstrated that the six histidines had no effect on either the structural or ATPase properties of recombinant BiP. We also found that bacteria-synthesized BiP had a tightly bound ADP that was resistant to dialysis. Removal of the bound nucleotide allowed us to directly measure the binding affinity of ATP and ADP to BiP (Kd of 0.2 microM for ATP and 0.29 microM for ADP) by equilibrium dialysis. Careful characterization of wild-type BiP will allow us to use this system to characterize BiP ATP binding site mutants that can be used to probe the role of ATP binding and ATPase activity in BiP functions.
Reducing the charging voltage of a Li–O<sub>2</sub>battery to 1.9 V by incorporating a photocatalyst (2015)

A photoassisted chargeable Li–O<sub>2</sub>battery is developed by integrating a g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>photocatalyst, which delivers an ultralow charging voltage of 1.9 V.
Rapid and Reliable Binding Affinity Prediction of Bromodomain Inhibitors: A Computational Study (2016)

Binding free energies of bromodomain inhibitors are calculated with recently formulated approaches, namely ESMACS (enhanced sampling of molecular dynamics with approximation of continuum solvent) and TIES (thermodynamic integration with enhanced sampling). A set of compounds is provided by GlaxoSmithKline, which represents a range of chemical functionality and binding affinities. The predicted binding free energies exhibit a good Spearman correlation of 0.78 with the experimental data from the 3-trajectory ESMACS, and an excellent correlation of 0.92 from the TIES approach where applicable. Given access to suitable high end computing resources and a high degree of automation, we can compute individual binding affinities in a few hours with precisions no greater than 0.2 kcal/mol for TIES, and no larger than 0.34 and 1.71 kcal/mol for the 1- and 3-trajectory ESMACS approaches.
Interferons as biomodulators of fluoropyrimidines in the treatment of colorectal cancer. (1999)

Interferons (IFN)-alpha, -beta, and -gamma enhance the activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and in vivo. Various mechanisms have been identified to account for this modulation. First, IFN induces the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase, thereby enhancing the conversion of 5-FU to its active metabolite, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), leading to increased depletion of thymidine triphosphate pools and increased DNA fragmentation. Second, IFN treatment leads to abrogation of an 5-FU-associated increase in the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), thus increasing tumor sensitivity to 5-FU. Finally, IFN augments plasma 5-FU levels. Single-institution studies of 5-FU in combination with IFN-alpha showed high response rates; however, randomized trials demonstrated equivalent survival to 5-FU alone or in combination with leucovorin (LV). Randomized trials of 5-FU double-modulated by both IFN-alpha and LV showed no response or survival advantage compared with 5-FU/LV, and greater toxicity. The randomized trials are all limited by inconsistent schedules of administration of IFN-alpha. The combination of 5-FU and IFN-beta has shown promising results in single-arm and small randomized trials. A large randomized trial, requiring a standardized schedule of administration of IFN-beta, has been initiated.
Wideband angle of arrival estimation of chirp signals using virtual Wignerville distribution (2007)

To estimate the angle of arrivals (AOA) of wideband chirp sources, a new time-frequency algorithm is proposed. In this method, virtual sensors are constructed based on the fact that the steering vectors of wideband chirp signals are linear and vary with time. And the randon Wignersville distribution (RWVD) of real sensors and virtual sensors are calculated to yield the new time-invariable steering vectors, furthermore, the noise and cross terms are suppressed. In addition, the multiple chirp signals are selected by their time-frequency points. The cost of computation is lower than the common AOA estimation methods of wideband sources due to nonrequirement of frequency focusing, interpolating and matrix decomposition, including subspace decomposition. Under the lower signal noise ratio (SNR) condition, the proposed method exhibits better precision than the method of frequency focusing (FF). The proposed method can be further applied to nonuniform linear array (NLA) since it is not confined to the array geometry. Simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Wideband frequency modulation of frequency synthesisers (1979)

Two-point frequency modulation gives a flat frequency response irrespective of the loop cutoff frequency of a p.l.l. digital frequency synthesiser. The spurious modulation components otherwise generated are also then suppressed. The modulation index is typically limited to Nπ where N is the divider ratio.
Anisotropy of the electro-optic Kerr effect in polymer-stabilized blue phases (2015)

Liquid crystalline polymer stabilized blue phases (PSBPs) are candidate materials for next generation electro-optic switching devices because they form a self-organized three-dimensional periodic structure and exhibit a fast response time of submillisecond order. Considering the crystallographic structures of PSBPs, it is intuitive to believe that the electro-optic effect would depend on the direction of the applied electric field; however, this relationship has not yet been investigated. In this study, we prepared two kinds of samples in which the (110) and (200) planes were oriented parallel to the substrates, and investigated the electro-optic Kerr effect as a field was applied between the two substrates. The two samples exhibited differing behaviors, with the Kerr coefficient of the (110)-oriented sample being larger by 20% than that of the (200)-oriented sample. These results imply that the electro-optic Kerr effect of PSBPs is not isotropic but anisotropic, just like cubic optical crystals.
A survey of patent users (2010)

With a growing interest in Patent Information Retrieval, there is a need to better understand the context associated with patent users, their tasks, needs and expectations of patent search systems and applications. Patent search is known to be a complex, difficult and challenging activity, usually requiring expert Patent Information Specialists to spend a substantial amount of time sourcing (or not) documents relevant to their particular task. Information Retrieval provides a whole array of possible techniques and tools which could be applied to ease the burden of such retrieval tasks, and also make searching patents more accessible to non-Patent Information Specialists. In this paper, we report the findings from a survey of patent users conducted to ascertain information about patent users and their search requirements with respect to Information Retrieval systems and applications.