gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Thermostable Antigen in Beef-Cells (1936)

Bailey and Raffel showed that serums from 3 patients with infectious mononucleosis contained lysins for beef-cells in addition to agglutinins and lysins for sheep-cells. Serums from 22 cases of infectious mononucleosis examined by us showed the presence of beef-cell lysins in dilutions from 1:1280 to 1:20480, much higher than the titer for sheep-cell lysins. Beef-cell agglutinins were not present in any of the 22 serums in a concentration exceeding that in normal serum. In this respect the antigen responsible for the beef-cell antibodies in infectious mononucleosis acts like a true Forssman antigen in that high lytic titers are produced with little or no corresponding agglutinins. It has been shown that both raw and boiled beef- and sheep-cells adsorb the beef-lysins of infectious mononucleosis and we have amply confirmed this fact. The presence of a thermostable antigen in the beef-cell, in which no heterophile antigen has yet been demonstrated, needs further investigation. Accordingly the relationship of the beef-cell lysins of infectious mononucleosis serum to the alcoholic extracts and alcohol-treated sheep- and beef-cells previously described was determined. The anticomplementary action of the extracts was controlled with pure isophile beef-serum prepared by adsorbing rabbit antibeef-cell serum with raw sheep-cells. The possibility of hemolysis by the complement must not be overlooked in testing for beef lysins. The complement from 25 of 43 guinea pigs had to be discarded because of the presence of normal beef-lysins in dilutions of 1:10 to 1:100. Sheep-lysins were also present in 1:40 dilution in the serum of 2 animals. These antibodies were not adsorbed by boiled beef-cells, which indicates their isophile nature.
Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser using intracavityetalon and cooled by liquid nitrogen (1996)

The authors report simultaneous oscillation of 17 0.8 nm spaced wavelengths from a Fabry-Perot (FP) erbium doped fibre laser. Multiwavelength operation is made possible by inserting an intracavity etalon and cooling the erbium doped fibre at 77 K by liquid nitrogen. It is promising as the multiwavelength light source for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Heterodyne measurement shows that two or three longitudinal modes exist in each wavelength.
Muscle inactivation of mTOR causes metabolic and dystrophin defects leading to severe myopathy (2009)

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth that associates with raptor and rictor to form the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, respectively. Raptor is required for oxidative muscle integrity, whereas rictor is dispensable. In this study, we show that muscle-specific inactivation of mTOR leads to severe myopathy, resulting in premature death. mTOR-deficient muscles display metabolic changes similar to those observed in muscles lacking raptor, including impaired oxidative metabolism, altered mitochondrial regulation, and glycogen accumulation associated with protein kinase B/Akt hyperactivation. In addition, mTOR-deficient muscles exhibit increased basal glucose uptake, whereas whole body glucose homeostasis is essentially maintained. Importantly, loss of mTOR exacerbates the myopathic features in both slow oxidative and fast glycolytic muscles. Moreover, mTOR but not raptor and rictor deficiency leads to reduced muscle dystrophin content. We provide evidence that mTOR controls dystrophin transcription in a cell-autonomous, rapamycin-resistant, and kinase-independent manner. Collectively, our results demonstrate that mTOR acts mainly via mTORC1, whereas regulation of dystrophin is raptor and rictor independent.
Use of QSAR in design of antiinflammatory fluorinated arylalkanoic acids (1990)

A series of 3-fluro-4-alkoxyphenylalkanoic acids III was synthetized and their antiinflammatory activity and fibrinolytic capacity was evaluated. The suitable fluorinated derivative with better pharmacological profile than 3-chloro-4-benzyloxyphenylacetic acid (benzofenac) was selected. Experimental, biological activities of acids III were compared with those calculated by introducing the physico-chemical parameters into the formerly derived regression equations. Good coincidence was found out, as well as similarity of the regression derived for the original series of acids extended by the acids III . Lipophilicity of the acids under study was evaluated by partition thin-layer chromatography; the values of log P of benzyloxy derivatives IIIc-IIIf were lower than tabulated values - probably due to the intramolecular hydrophobic interactions of aromatic nuclei.
Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Adult <i>Drosophila Melanogaster</i> Varies With Feeding Regime and Nutritional State (1994)

The regulation of feeding behavior in adult Drosophila melanogaster includes such elements as ingestion responsiveness, volume ingested in a single meal, food storage in the crop and rate of defecation. Our results suggest that feeding behavior varies in a manner dependent on feeding regime (food-deprived or ad-libitum-fed) and nutritional state. Fed flies that are subsequently food-deprived become increasingly more responsive to food stimuli over time and, when offered 1% agar diets containing different concentrations of sucrose, ingest greater amounts of diets that have higher sucrose concentrations. When fed ad libitum for 72 h on these same diets, D. melanogaster maintained much smaller crops on average than food-deprived flies fed a single meal. Additionally, ad-libitum-fed flies are grouped into two categories depending on the concentration of sucrose in the diet. Flies fed for 72 h on 1% agar diets having 50 mmoll-1 sucrose or more are not affected by the concentration of sucrose in the diet, while flies fed on diets of 15 or 25 mmoll-1 sucrose increase ingestion responsiveness, crop size and the rate of defecation with decreasing concentrations of sucrose in the diet. Flies fed on even lower sucrose concentrations (5 or 10 mmoll-1 sucrose) for 27-72 h exhibit both a shift over time to larger crop sizes and increased mortality over those of flies fed 15 mmoll-1 sucrose. These data suggest that flies fed ad libitum are capable of modulating their feeding behavior in response to their nutritional state.
Hamartoma of the head and neck (2013)

OBJECTIVE To improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of hamartoma in head and neck region.METHODS The clinical and pathological data of 15 patients with hamartoma of the head and neck verified by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Computed tomography scan revealed vascular tumors,adipose tumors or cartilage tumors in 15 cases.The rate of misdiagnosis was 66.7%.The tumor proliferation was a feature of the pathology.Adipose tissue,vascular tissue and cartilage tissue were present in the tumor.CONCLUSION Computed tomography scan,magnetic resonance imaging and B ultrasonography are valuable for the diagnosis of this disease.Radical removal is an effective treatment method.
[Local treatment of purulent chronic otitis media with ciprofloxacin]. (1998)

We evaluated the efficacy of ciprofloxacin eardrops compared to tobramycin and to a placebo in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. 60 ears were randomly assigned to treatment for 3 weeks with ciprofloxacin, tobramycin or placebo eardrops. The organism most commonly isolated from the ear discharge was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The clinical responses were 78.9% and 72.2%, respectively, in the ciprofloxacin and tobramycin groups, while it was only 41.2% in the placebo group. Treatment with ciprofloxacin eardrops seemed to be at least as efficient as treatment with tobramycin. Considering the lack of ototoxicity of ciprofloxacin, this treatment may be best for chronic otitis media.
Overexpression of yeast spermidine synthase impacts ripening, senescence and decay symptoms in tomato (2010)

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous, polycationic biogenic amines that are implicated in many biological processes, including plant growth and development, but their precise roles remain to be determined. Most of the previous studies have involved three biogenic amines: putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), and their derivatives. We have expressed a yeast spermidine synthase (ySpdSyn) gene under constitutive (CaMV35S) and fruit-ripening specific (E8) promoters in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and determined alterations in tomato vegetative and fruit physiology in transformed lines compared with the control. Constitutive expression of ySpdSyn enhanced intracellular levels of Spd in the leaf, and transiently during fruit development, whereas E8-ySpdSyn expression led to Spd accumulation early and transiently during fruit ripening. The ySpdSyn transgenic fruits had a longer shelf life, reduced shriveling and delayed decay symptom development in comparison with the wild-type (WT) fruits. An increase in shelf life of ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not facilitated by changes in the rate of water loss or ethylene evolution. Additionally, the expression of several cell wall and membrane degradation-related genes in ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not correlated with an extension of shelf life, indicating that the Spd-mediated increase in fruit shelf life is independent of the above factors. Crop maturity, indicated by the percentage of ripening fruits on the vine, was delayed in a CaMV35S-ySpdSyn genotype, with fruits accumulating higher levels of the antioxidant lycopene. Notably, whole-plant senescence in the transgenic plants was also delayed compared with WT plants. Together, these results provide evidence for a role of PAs, particularly Spd, in increasing fruit shelf life, probably by reducing post-harvest senescence and decay.
PCR amplification and genetic analysis in a microwell cell culturing chip (2009)

We have previously described a microwell chip designed for high throughput, long-term single-cell culturing and clonal analysis in individual wells providing a controlled way of studying high numbers of individual adherent or non-adherent cells. Here we present a method for the genetic analysis of cells cultured on-chip by PCR and minisequencing, demonstrated using two human adherent cell lines: one wild type and one with a single-base mutation in the p53 gene. Five wild type or mutated cells were seeded per well (in a defined set of wells, each holding 500 nL of culture medium) in a 672-microwell chip. The cell chip was incubated overnight, or cultured for up to five days, depending on the desired colony size, after which the cells were lysed and subjected to PCR directly in the wells. PCR products were detected, in the wells, using a biotinylated primer and a fluorescently labelled primer, allowing the products to be captured on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and detected by a fluorescence microscope. In addition, to enable genetic analysis by minisequencing, the double-stranded PCR products were denatured and the immobilized strands were kept in the wells by applying a magnetic field from the bottom of the wells while the wells were washed, a minisequencing reaction mixture was added, and after incubation in appropriate conditions the expected genotypes were detected in the investigated microwells, simultaneously, by an array scanner. We anticipate that the technique could be used in mutation frequency screening, providing the ability to correlate cells' proliferative heterogeneity to their genetic heterogeneity, in hundreds of samples simultaneously. The presented method of single-cell culture and DNA amplification thus offers a potentially powerful alternative to single-cell PCR, with advantageous robustness and sensitivity.
Wi-Sh: A Simple, Robust Credit Based Wi-Fi Community Network (2009)

Wireless community networks, where users share wireless bandwidth is attracting tremendous interest from academia and industry. Companies such as FON have been successful in attracting large communities of users. However, solutions such as FON either require users to buy specialized FON routers or firmware modifications to existing routers. In this paper we propose a solution which requires no such sophisticated hardware. An alternative is to provide a solution which requires users to download a client software on to their PCs. While the solution appears simple it raises several issues of incentivizing users to share their bandwidth and also issues of preventing users from cheating behaviors which give them an unfair advantage. In this paper, we propose a system and solution which (i) requires only software downloads on PCs, (ii) is robust to tampering of the software, and intermittent monitoring of an access point by the owner, (iii) a credit based mechanism whereby users earn credits for sharing bandwidth and punishment and pricing mechanism whereby users are charged at a higher price whenever they are caught misbehaving. By making simple but plausible assumptions about user behavior, we show via analysis and extensive simulations that the system converges to a Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium. We further validate our system model, by running trace driven simulations on real world data. We believe that the solution provided by Wi-Sh is an attractive and more credible alternative to solutions such as FON.
Queue response to input correlation functions: discrete spectral analysis (1993)

The authors explore a new concept of spectral characterization of wide-band input process in high speed networks. It helps them to localize wide-band sources in a subspace, especially in the low-frequency band, which has a dominant impact on queueing performance. They choose simple periodic-chains for the input rate process construction. Analogous to input functions in signal processing, they use elements of DC, sinusoidal, rectangular pulse, triangle pulse, and their superpositions, to represent various input correlation properties. The corresponding input power spectrum is defined in the discrete-frequency domain. In principle, a continuous spectral function of stationary random input process can be asymptotically approached by its discrete version as one sufficiently reduces the discrete-frequency intervals. An understanding of the queue response to the input spectrum will provide a great deal of knowledge to develop advanced network traffic measurement theory, and help to introduce effective network resource allocation policies. The new relation between queue length and input spectrum is a fruitful starting point for further research.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phenotype heterogeneity in dental pulp stem niches. (2016)

Dental stem niches (DSNs) reside in different dental tissues, being of particular importance in tissue engineering and dental regeneration procedures. The present paper aims to review the DSNs from the view of niche inhabitants, either extrinsic, such as cells of the myeloid lineage, or intrinsic, such as endothelial cells, perivascular cells and spindle-shaped stromal cells, e.g., telocytes. DSNs harbor different dental stem÷progenitor cell morphologies, in different stages of differentiation and with various potentialities, the angiogenic potential with respect to regenerative endodontic procedures being emphasized here. It seems therefore important to consider the DSNs as being heterogeneous, for a better understanding of an accurate identification of niche team players in regenerative medicine.
Fast Divergent Ray Traversal by Batching Rays in a BVH (2016)

Ray tracing forms the basis of photorealistic rendering as seen in films and special effects. The process of rendering all the frames of animated films can take thousands of CPU years. Improving the efficiency of the rendering algorithm translates into large savings of time.\n\nIn this thesis, we focus on the algorithm that is at the core of all rendering systems, computing the intersection point between a ray and a scene. Our contribution is a novel ray traversal scheme aimed at highly divergent ray distributions. We improve traversal efficiency by batching rays at fixed points in a BVH during traversal. The batched rays benefit from improved cache efficiency and utilization of instruction level parallelism and achieves performance improvements of up to 99\\% for intersection queries and up to 123\\% for occlusion queries for ray distributions seen after the first diffuse bounce when compared to a single-ray traversal scheme. Our scheme is orthogonal to recent advances in divergent ray traversal, and for large scenes, substantially improves on state of the art performance.
Nuestros Dias de Desarrollo: Days Unfolding (2008)

The Fall of Saigon in 1975 ended the Vietnam War and prompted the first large-scale wave of immigration from Vietnam to North America. This is where a new generation was born—a generation that would attempt to combine a deep history of Vietnamese culture and tradition with a new national identity. Thirty years later, many Vietnamese families still face conflict on a daily basis in trying to reconcile two different cultures when asked a question as simple as, “What’s your name?” This moral conversation will explore Kim’s 1981 model of Asian American Identity Development through the personal narratives of a Vietnamese American and a Vietnamese Canadian as they dissect the constant struggle between the dual identities present in their names.
Treatment of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion by Immunization With Paternal Lymphocytes: Results of a Controlled Trial (1993)

The study is consistent with a general trend favoring paternal over maternal lymphocyte immunization but reinforces the need for larger multicenter controlled trials as well as more detailed biological study in humans to understand the nature of the maternal-fetal interface and its breakdown.
Negotiating vaccine acceptance in an era of reluctance (2013)

Studies to better understand the determinants of vaccine acceptance have expanded to include more investigation into dynamics of individual decision-making as well as the influences of peers and social networks. Vaccine acceptance is determined by a range of factors, from structural issues of supply, costs and access to services, as well as the more demand-side determinants. The term vaccine hesitancy is increasingly used in the investigation of demand-side determinants, moving away from the more polarized framing of pro- and anti-vaccine groups to recognizing the importance of understanding and engaging those who are delaying vaccination, accepting only some vaccines, or who are yet undecided, but reluctant. As hesitancy is a state of indecision, it is difficult to measure, but the stage of indecision is a critical time to engage and support the decision-making process. This article suggests modes of investigating the determinants of vaccine confidence and levers of vaccine acceptance toward better engagement and dialogue early in the process of decision-making. Pressure to vaccinate can be counter-productive. Listening and dialog can support individual decision-making and more effectively inform the public health community of the issues and concerns influencing vaccine hesitancy.
A New Type of Phytase from Pollen of<i>Typha latifolia</i>L. (1985)

A phytase was isolated and partially purified from pollen of cattail, Typha latifolia. Its maximum activity was at pH 8.0 and its Km value was 1.7 × 10−5 m for phytic acid in the presence of Ca2+. Among divalent cations tested only Ca2+ affected the activity, increasing it by about 120%, but an excess was inhibitory. The enzyme was specific for phytic acid except for 6% activity for p-nitrophenylphosphate. It seems to be a new type of phytase because it cleaved almost 50% of the total phosphate esters in phytic acid and was product-specific, yielding an inositol triphosphate as a final product.
A Proximal Iteration for Deconvolving Poisson Noisy Images Using Sparse Representations (2009)

We propose an image deconvolution algorithm when the data is contaminated by Poisson noise. The image to restore is assumed to be sparsely represented in a dictionary of waveforms such as the wavelet or curvelet transforms. Our key contributions are as follows. First, we handle the Poisson noise properly by using the Anscombe variance stabilizing transform leading to a nonlinear degradation equation with additive Gaussian noise. Second, the deconvolution problem is formulated as the minimization of a convex functional with a data-fidelity term reflecting the noise properties, and a nonsmooth sparsity-promoting penalty over the image representation coefficients (e.g., l(1) -norm). An additional term is also included in the functional to ensure positivity of the restored image. Third, a fast iterative forward-backward splitting algorithm is proposed to solve the minimization problem. We derive existence and uniqueness conditions of the solution, and establish convergence of the iterative algorithm. Finally, a GCV-based model selection procedure is proposed to objectively select the regularization parameter. Experimental results are carried out to show the striking benefits gained from taking into account the Poisson statistics of the noise. These results also suggest that using sparse-domain regularization may be tractable in many deconvolution applications with Poisson noise such as astronomy and microscopy.
Preparation, Structure, and Optical Properties of Nanoporous Gold Thin Films (2007)

Thin nanoporous gold (np-Au) films, ranging in thickness from approximately 40 to 1600 nm, have been prepared by selective chemical etching of Ag from Ag/Au alloy films supported on planar substrates. A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, synchrotron grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering, and N2 adsorption surface area measurements shows the films to exhibit a porous structure with intertwined gold fibrils exhibiting a spectrum of feature sizes and spacings ranging from several to hundreds of nanometers. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements (300-800 nm) reveal the onset of surface plasmon types of features with increase of film thicknesses into the approximately 200 nm film thickness range. Raman scattering measurements for films functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer formed from 4-fluorobenzenethiol show significant enhancements which vary sharply with film thickness and etching times. The maximum enhancement factors reach approximately 10(4) for 632.8 nm excitation, peak sharply in the approximately 200 nm thickness range for films prepared at optimum etching times, and show high spot to spot reproducibility with approximately 1 microm laser spot sizes, an indication that these films could be useful as durable, highly reproducible surface-enhanced Raman substrates.
<title>Frequency-domain photon migration techniques for online measurement of particle size distribution and volume fraction in concentrated process streams</title> (1997)

Frequency-domain measurements of photon migration were conducted in concentrated polystyrene suspensions in order to assess their use for on-line particle sizing in undiluted process streams. Using a numerical inverse algorithm, particle size distributions (PSD) and volume fractions of three latex suspensions with differing size distributions were recovered from phase-shift measurements at fifteen or less visible wavelengths. Comparison to dynamic light scattering measurements show excellent agreement. Since it is the propagation characteristics of multiply scattered light instead of the amount of light detected that is employed to solve the inverse problem, the measurement technique provides a self-calibrating (and therefore especially suitable) method for on-line process monitoring of PSD in the chemical-based industries.
Iron Deposition in Pain‐Regulatory Nuclei in Episodic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache by MRI (2011)

Because iron accumulation should cause shortening of both T2 and T2', although the lack of significance in observed T2' difference could be due to increased variance in T2' the measurement, these results suggest that a mechanism other than increased iron deposition may play a role in the genesis or pathophysiology of MOH.