gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The C-terminal domain of yeast PCNA is required for physical and functional interactions with Cdc9 DNA ligase (2007)

There is compelling evidence that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA sliding clamp, co-ordinates the processing and joining of Okazaki fragments during eukaryotic DNA replication. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of functional PCNA:ligase I interactions has been incomplete. Here we present the co-crystal structure of yeast PCNA with a peptide encompassing the conserved PCNA interaction motif of Cdc9, yeast DNA ligase I. The Cdc9 peptide contacts both the inter-domain connector loop (IDCL) and residues near the C-terminus of PCNA. Complementary mutational and biochemical results demonstrate that these two interaction interfaces are required for complex formation both in the absence of DNA and when PCNA is topologically linked to DNA. Similar to the functionally homologous human proteins, yeast RFC interacts with and inhibits Cdc9 DNA ligase whereas the addition of PCNA alleviates inhibition by RFC. Here we show that the ability of PCNA to overcome RFC-mediated inhibition of Cdc9 is dependent upon both the IDCL and the C-terminal interaction interfaces of PCNA. Together these results demonstrate the functional significance of the beta-zipper structure formed between the C-terminal domain of PCNA and Cdc9 and reveal differences in the interactions of FEN-1 and Cdc9 with the two PCNA interfaces that may contribute to the co-ordinated, sequential action of these enzymes.
Quasicrystal Surfaces (2007)

Studies of ordered, yet nonperiodic, metallic alloys known as quasicrystals have generated exciting questions and fundamental insights about the relationship between surface atomic structure and surface properties. In this review, I give examples from oxidation, friction, heterogeneous catalysis, and solid film growth, in which the Al-rich quasicrystals exhibit unusual properties, relative to crystalline materials of similar composition.
Social Network Analysis in Enterprise (2012)

Social network analysis (SNA) has been a research focus in multiple disciplines for decades, including sociology, healthcare, business management, etc. Traditional SNA researches concern more human and social science aspects—trying to undermine the real relationship of people and the impacts of these relationships. While online social networks have become popular in recent years, social media analysis, especially from the viewpoint of computer scientists, is usually limited to the aspects of people's behavior on specific websites and thus are considered not necessarily related to the day-to-day people's behavior and relationships. We conduct research to bridge the gap between social scientists and computer scientists by exploring the multifacet existing social networks in organizations that provide better insights on how people interact with each other in their professional life. We describe a comprehensive study on the challenges and solutions of mining and analyzing existing social networks in enterprise. Several aspects are considered, including system issues; privacy laws; the economic value of social networks; people's behavior modeling including channel, culture, and social inference; social network visualization in large-scale organization; and graph query and mining. The study is based on an SNA tool (SmallBlue) that was designed to overcome practical challenges and is based on the data collected in a global organization of more than 400 000 employees in more than 100 countries.
Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, 1886–1950 (1950)

First Page
A colour‐appearance transform for the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (1985)

Abstract A physiologically plausible model of colour vision, based on the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer, is shown to provide a colour order system giving reasonably good predictions of the unique‐hue loci, of constant‐hue loci, and of constant‐saturation loci, as judged by comparison with the Munsell and NCS systems, for daylight illumination. When combined with a chromatic‐adaptation transform of the von Kries type, the model is also shown to give quite good predictions for real surface colours seen in tungstenlight (S A ) illumination.
Fast Curing Polycyclamine Cured Tank Linings (2011)

Abstract Traditional epoxy tank linings are limited in their applications due to minimum curing temperatures and the need for long cure times at low temperatures before being returned to service. Polycyclamine cured epoxies allow for the production of very high solid content, fast curing single coat tank linings systems that can be both applied at low substrate temperatures and cure rapidly at low temperatures to allow for a fast return to service which minimizes downtime for the asset owner. Furthermore, the use of this technology does not compromise chemical resistance or high service temperature resistance, unlike other low temperature curing systems. This paper discusses the chemistry and performance characteristics of these systems and demonstrates how the use of such systems can save an owner time and money.
Rat Sperm Surface Mannosidase Is First Expressed on the Plasma Membrane of Testicular Germ Cells1 (1998)

In previous publications (Tulsiani et al., Biochem J 1993; 290:427-436 and Tulsiani et al., Dev Biol 1995; 167:584-595), we reported that sperm surface mannosidase is present in rat testis and is modified during spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. The present studies were directed towards examining the origin of alpha-D-mannosidase activity present on fertile spermatozoa. Mixed germ cells prepared after sequential enzymatic digestions of rat testis were separated by unit gravity sedimentation using 2-4% linear bovine serum albumin gradient. Fractions enriched in spermatocytes, round spermatids, and condensed/elongated spermatids (> 95% pure cells) were separately pooled and assayed for [3H]Man9-mannosidase activity before (intact) and after lysis with Triton X-100. Interestingly, the cells contained a significant level of alpha-D-mannosidase activity. Approximately 70% of the total [3H]Man9-mannosidase activity present in the detergent-solubilized germ cell extract cross-reacted with anti-rat sperm mannosidase, and 25% of the activity cross-reacted with anti-Golgi mannosidase I. This result indicates that most of the mannosidase activity present in the germ cell extract is antigenically similar to the enzyme present on the cauda spermatozoa. Using cell fractionation techniques, we obtained evidence suggesting that the germ cell-associated mannosidase activity is an integral component of the plasma membranes. Taken together, these results indicate that sperm surface mannosidase is first expressed on the testicular germ cells.
Strategies for Reducing NO<sub>X</sub>- and Particulate Matter Emissions in Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In hybrid electric vehicles the combination of diesel engine and electric motor obviously provides lowest fuel consumption. However, compared with the Otto hybrid system, there are relatively high NO<sub>x</sub> and particulate matter emissions. This paper describes investigations of various strategies for a significant reduction of exhaust gas emissions in diesel hybrid electric vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">By reducing the dynamic operation of the combustion engine by supplementing the engine torque demand with an electric motor and limiting the maximum engine torque, the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions could be reduced by more than 30% and the particulate matter emissions by more than 20%, without influencing the fuel consumption compared to hybrid electric vehicles with conventional operation strategy.</div>
Stress-induced Gene Expression in<i>Candida albicans</i>: Absence of a General Stress Response (2003)

We used transcriptional profiling to investigate the response of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans to temperature and osmotic and oxidative stresses under conditions that permitted >60% survival of the challenged cells. Each stress generated the transient induction of a specific set of genes including classic markers observed in the stress responses of other organisms. We noted that the classical hallmarks of the general stress response observed inSaccharomyces cerevisiae are absent from C. albicans; no C. albicans genes were significantly induced in a common response to the three stresses. This observation is supported by our inability to detect stress cross-protection in C. albicans. Similarly, in C. albicans there is essentially no induction of carbohydrate reserves like glycogen and trehalose in response to a mild stress, unlike the situation in S. cerevisiae. Thus C. albicans lacks the strong general stress response exhibited byS. cerevisiae.
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells, Inflammatory Lymphangiogenesis, and Prospective Players (2007)

De novo lymphangiogenesis influences different pathological courses via modulating tissue fluid homeostasis, macromolecule absorption, and leukocyte transmigration. During the past decade, improved understanding of lymphatic biology, especially VEGF-C/-D/VEGFR-3-mediating lymphangiogenesis has substantially promoted clinical research in lymphatic insufficiency. The role of lymphangiogenesis in the setting of the inflammatory processes observed in transplants, inflamed cornea, wound healing, acquired lymphedema and tumor invasion, however, remains to be elucidated. The chemokine family of peptide chemoattractants and other mediators, e.g., CCL21-CCR7, D6, NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha may be important contributors to pathophysiological changes of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Dendritic cells and macrophages may also involve in LEC proliferation and differentiation. Increased knowledge of LEC-specific modulators in inflammatory microenvironment is vital for prevention and treatment of lymphatic-associated diseases.
Brain activation during semantic judgment of Chinese sentences: A functional MRI study (2005)

A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate whether the anatomic substrates of semantic memory may reflect categorical organization and to determine whether the left middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann area [BA] 9) plays a role in Chinese semantic judgment. Unlike previous studies using a word-retrieval task (e.g., word generation, naming, and word categorization), we used a typical task of semantic knowledge retrieval in cognitive psychology in which subjects were asked to determine whether a sentence describing an attribute of living things or nonliving things was true or not. The experimental conditions evoked extensive activation over several regions of the brain including a very strong activation in the left middle frontal region (BA9 and BA46). Our data show that there is no unique activation associated with living or nonliving things at the statistical threshold used in our study. The results imply that human semantic system is undifferentiated by category at the neural level. Our findings also corroborate and extend the claim that the left middle frontal gyrus plays an important role in reading Chinese at both the sentence and the word level.
Surgery for brain edema (2007)

Brain edema is a common pathophysiological process seen in many neurosurgical conditions. It can be localized in relation to focal lesions or generalized in diffuse types of brain injury. In addition to local adverse effects occurring at a cellular level, brain edema is associated with raised intracranial pressure (ICP), and both phenomena contribute to poor outcome in patients. One of the goals in treating patients with acute neurosurgical conditions in intensive care is to control brain edema and maintain ICP below target levels. The mainstay of treatment is medical therapy to reduce edema, but in certain patients--for example, those with diffuse severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and malignant middle cerebral artery infarction--such treatment is not effective. In these patients, opening the skull (decompressive craniectomy) to reduce ICP is a potential option. In this review the authors discuss the role of decompressive craniectomy as a surgical option in patients with brain edema in the context of a variety of pathological entities. They also address the current evidence for the technique (predominantly observational series) and the ongoing randomized studies of decompressive craniectomy in TBI and ischemic stroke.
Cyclic Amidine Sugars as Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors of Glycosidases: Potent Competitive Inhibitors of Mannosidases (2004)

A series of monocyclic glycoamidines bearing different exocyclic amine, alcohol, or alkyl functionalities and bicyclic amidines derived from D-glucose and D-mannose were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of various glycosidases. All the prepared compounds demonstrated good to excellent inhibition toward glycosidases. In particular, the biscationic D-mannoamidine 9b bearing an exocyclic ethylamine moiety proved to be a selective competitive inhibitor of alpha- and beta-mannosidases (K(i) = 6 nM) making it the most potent inhibitor of these glycosidases reported to date. A favorable B(2,5) boat conformation might explain the selectivity of mannosidase inhibition compared to other glycosidases.
Virulence and fitness gene patterns of Shiga toxin-encoding Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with edema disease or diarrhea in Germany. (2007)

Fecal Escherichia coli isolates (n = 3,218) from piglets with edema disease or diarrhea were screened for the genes of Stx2 and Stx2 variants. A total of 283 E. coli isolates (8.8%) proved exclusively positive for Stx2e and most of these (85.1%) harbored genes for F18 fimbria. No recognized adhesins were detectable in 14.5% of the isolates. Genes for heat-stable or heat-labile E. coli enterotoxins were found in F18+ as well as F18 isolates (51.9% and 33.3%, respectively). Five isolates also harbored fyuA and irp2 genes which are indicative of a high pathogenicity island in E. coli. All Stx2e+ isolates lacked genes for intimin, EHEC hemolysin, STEC autoagglutinating adhesin, subtilase cytotoxin, serine protease Espl. The majority of Stx2e+ isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups A (59.3%) and D (38.9%) and only few isolates were classified as B1 and B2 (1.8%). The results suggest that Stx2e-producing E. coli strains are highly prevalent in diseased pigs in Germany. Despite their significant diversity, most strains possess all typical features (Stx2e, F18) of porcine edema disease E. coli. However, a considerable portion of porcine strains resembles published human Stx2e+ strains in that they lack any recognized pig-associated adhesin. Thus, a zoonotic potential cannot be excluded for these strains.
Combination Olaparib and Temozolomide in Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2019)

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy in which inhibitors of PARP have modest single-agent activity. We performed a phase I/II trial of combination olaparib tablets and temozolomide (OT) in patients with previously treated SCLC. We established a recommended phase II dose of olaparib 200 mg orally twice daily with temozolomide 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup> daily, both on days 1 to 7 of a 21-day cycle, and expanded to a total of 50 patients. The confirmed overall response rate was 41.7% (20/48 evaluable); median progression-free survival was 4.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.8-5.7]; and median overall survival was 8.5 months (95% CI, 5.1-11.3). Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from trial patients recapitulated clinical OT responses, enabling a 32-PDX coclinical trial. This revealed a correlation between low basal expression of inflammatory-response genes and cross-resistance to both OT and standard first-line chemotherapy (etoposide/platinum). These results demonstrate a promising new therapeutic strategy in SCLC and uncover a molecular signature of those tumors most likely to respond. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate substantial clinical activity of combination olaparib/temozolomide in relapsed SCLC, revealing a promising new therapeutic strategy for this highly recalcitrant malignancy. Through an integrated coclinical trial in PDXs, we then identify a molecular signature predictive of response to OT, and describe the common molecular features of cross-resistant SCLC.<i>See related commentary by Pacheco and Byers, p. 1340</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325</i>.
New 1-Aminomethylbenzocyclobutenes (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew 1-AminomethylbenzocyclobutenesJoseph A. Skorcz and Jerry E. RobertsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 2, 255–257Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00326a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00326a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic phototransistor based on intramolecular charge transfer in a bifunctional spiro compound (2004)

We report on the fabrication of organic phototransistors based on the spiro-conjugated molecule 2,7-bis-(N,N′-diphenylamino)-2′,7′-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9′-spirobifluorene. Intramolecular charge transfer leads to an increase in charge carrier density, providing the amplification effect. The sensitivity is better than 1 A/W for ultraviolet light at 370 nm, making the device interesting for sensor applications.
Insertion and C−H Bond Activation of Unsaturated Substrates by Bis(benzamidinato)yttrium Alkyl, [PhC(NSiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>YR (R = CH<sub>2</sub>Ph·THF, CH(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>), and Hydrido, {[PhC(NSiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>Y(μ-H)}<sub>2</sub>, Compounds (1996)

The reactivity of benzamidinate-stabilized yttrium complexes [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YR (R = CH2Ph·THF, CH(SiMe3)2) and {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-H)}2 has been investigated. The complexes are thermally stable showing no sign of decomposition, ligand or solvent metalation, or H/D exchange after hours at 100 °C in cyclohexane-d12 or benzene-d6. The alkyls are also stable in ethereal solvents. However, {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-H)}2 induces C−O cleavage in THF solutions. The complexes [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YCH2Ph·THF and {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-H)}2 are modestly active in ethylene polymerization but are inactive toward propylene and 1-hexene. Terminal alkynes react stoichiometrically with [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YCH(SiMe3)2 and {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-H)}2 to give μ-acetylide dimers, {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-C⋮CR)}2 (1, R = H; 2, R = Me; 3, R = n-Pr; 4, R = SiMe3; 5, R = Ph; 6, R = CMe3). Treatment with THF leads to cleavage of these dimers, yielding [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YC⋮CR·THF (7, R = H; 8, R = CMe3). [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-Me)2Li·TMEDA reacts with HC⋮CCMe3 to afford [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-C⋮CCMe3)2Li·TMEDA. [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YCH(SiMe3)2 catalyzes the regioselective dimerization of bulky 1-alkynes. With small 1-alkynes, HC⋮CR (R = H, Me, n-Pr), no dimerization was observed and the reaction stops with the formation of the alkynyl dimers {PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-C⋮CR)}2 (1−3). Treatment of [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YR with acetonitrile gives either C−H bond activation or insertion. For R = CH(SiMe3)2, C−H bond activation occurs, yielding {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-(N,N ‘)-N(H)C(Me)C(H)C⋮N)}2 (10). For R = CH2Ph·THF a mixture of C−H bond activation (10, 10%) and insertion products, {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-NC(Me)CH2Ph)}2 (11a, 50%) and {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-N(H)C(Me)C(H)Ph)}2 (11b, 40%), was obtained. The hydride {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-H)}2 exclusively gives insertion of acetonitrile, affording {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-NC(H)Me)}2 (12). With pyridine, [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YCH(SiMe3)2 gives C−H bond activation, whereas [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YCH2Ph·THF and {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-H)}2 undergo insertion yielding [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(NC5H5R) (13, R = H; 14, R = CH2Ph). In contrast, with α-picoline, [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2YR (R = CH(SiMe3)2, CH2Ph·THF) and {[PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(μ-H)}2 afford the α-picolyl derivative, [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Y(η2-(C,N)-2-CH2NC5H4 (15). The difference in reactivity of the bis(benzamidinate)-stabilized complexes compared to the corresponding Cp*2YR systems, e.g. the low tendency to catalyze C−C bond formation, the reduced or even the absence of C−H/C−O activation properties, and the enhanced nucleophilic and Brønsted base reactivities, is interpreted in terms of the high ionicity of the benzamidinate-stabilized yttrium complexes. The contracted yttrium orbitals are less exposed than in the dicyclopentadienyl derivatives and therefore not suited to establish the first initiating interaction with substrate molecules.
HO-1 Induction by CO-RM2 Attenuates TNF-<b><i>α</i></b>-Induced Cytosolic Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>Expression via Inhibition of PKC<b><i>α</i></b>-Dependent NADPH Oxidase/ROS and NF-<b><i>κ</i></b>B (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammatory infiltration of the synovium and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in the development of inflammatory diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the study was to investigate the detailed mechanisms of TNF-α-induced cPLA2 expression and to determine whether carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CO-RM2) suppresses TNF-α-induced expression of NF-κB-related proinflammatory genes, including cPLA2, via HO-1 induction in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Here, we reported that TNF-α-induced cPLA2 expression was mediated through TNFR1/PKCα-dependent signaling pathways, including NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation/ROS production and NF-κB activation. CO-RM2 significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced cPLA2 expression by inhibiting the ROS generation and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IKK α/β, but not the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2. These results were further confirmed by a ChIP assay to detect the NF-κB DNA-binding activity. Our results demonstrated that induction of HO-1 by CO-RM2 exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects which were required in concert to prevent the activation of NF-κB leading to induction of various inflammatory genes implicated in the pathogenesis of RA.