gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubilization of the Cytoplasmic Membrane of <i>Escherichia coli</i> by the Ionic Detergent Sodium-Lauryl Sarcosinate (1973)

The sensitivity of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia coli to detergent was examined by isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Sodium lauryl sarcosinate (Sarkosyl) was found to disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane selectively under conditions in which Triton X-100 and dodecyl sodium sulfate solubilized all membrane protein. These results were verified by gel electrophoresis; membrane proteins solubilized by Sarkosyl were identical to those of the cytoplasmic membrane. The presence of Mg(2+) during treatment with Sarkosyl was found to afford partial protection of the cytoplasmic membrane from dissolution.
Nylon oligomer degradation gene, nylC, on plasmid pOAD2 from a Flavobacterium strain encodes endo-type 6-aminohexanoate oligomer hydrolase: purification and characterization of the nylC gene product (1993)

A new type of nylon oligomer degradation enzyme (EIII) was purified from an Escherichia coli clone harboring the EIII gene (nylC). This enzyme hydrolyzed the linear trimer, tetramer, and pentamer of 6-aminohexanoate by an endo-type reaction, and this specificity is different from that of the EI (nylA gene product) and EII (nylB gene product). Amino acid sequencing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified EIII demonstrated that the enzyme is made of two polypeptide chains arising from an internal cleavage between amino acid residues 266 and 267.
[Acute gonococcal salpingitis]. (1985)

The authors describe their experience in handling cases of acute salpingitis in a retrospective study that lasted six years. The protocol of investigation in particular consisted in routine laparoscopy and a complete bacteriological investigation. 266 patients had laparoscopy on suspicion of salpingitis and the diagnosis was confirmed in 199 cases (64.8%). Out of the 134 patients who were fully explored bacteriologically and kept in the study the principal group consisted of cases of gonococcal salpingitis (41.8%), whereas 29.8% of the cases had infection with opportunistic pathogens and 28.3% were of doubtful aetiology or where no bacteria were discovered. The figures for recovery of gonococcal bacteria were constant throughout the six years of the study. Gonococcal salpingitis occurred more often in younger women (the mean age was 24.4 years). The signs that were statistically most frequent were: discharge, metrorrhagia and a raised sedimentation rate. The differences that concerned the epidemiology of the cases as well as the clinical and bacteriological data as given in our series and in the literature are presented and discussed.
Radical and Atom Transfer Halogenation (RATH): A Facile Route for Chemical and Polymer Functionalization (2016)

This work demonstrates a new halogenation reaction through sequential radical and halogen transfer reactions, named as "radical and atom transfer halogenation" (RATH). Both benzoxazine compounds and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) have been demonstrated as active species for RATH. Consequently, the halogenated compound becomes an active initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization. Combination of RATH and sequential ATRP provides an convenient and effective approach to prepare reactive and crosslinkable polymers. The RATH reaction opens a new window both to chemical synthesis and molecular design and preparation of polymeric materials.
On the connection between artifact filtering in reverse-time migration and adjoint tomography (2010)

Abstract Finite-frequency sensitivity kernels in seismic tomography define the volumes inside the earth that influence seismic waves as they traverse through it. It has recently been numerically observed that an image obtained using the impedance kernel is much less contaminated by low-frequency artifacts due to the presence of sharp wave-speed contrasts in the background model, than is an image obtained using reverse-time migration. In practical reverse-time migration, these artifacts are routinely heuristically dampened by Laplacian filtering of the image. Here we show analytically that, for an isotropic acoustic medium with constant density, away from sources and receivers and in a smooth background medium, Laplacian image filtering is identical to imaging with the impedance kernel. Therefore, when imaging is pushed toward using background models with sharp wave-speed contrasts, the impedance kernel image is less prone to develop low-frequency artifacts than is the reverse-time migration image, due to the implicit action of the Laplacian that amplifies the higher-frequency reflectors relative to the low-frequency artifacts. Thus, the heuristic Laplacian filtering commonly used in practical reverse-time migration is fundamentally rooted in adjoint tomography and, in particular, closely connected to the impedance kernel.
Blockchain, IP and the pharma industry—how distributed ledger technologies can help secure the pharma supply chain (2018)

Journal Article Blockchain, IP and the pharma industry—how distributed ledger technologies can help secure the pharma supply chain Get access Birgit Clark, Birgit Clark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ruth Burstall Ruth Burstall Emails: birgit.clark@bakermckenzie.com and ruth.burstall@bakermckenzie.com. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, Volume 13, Issue 7, July 2018, Pages 531–533, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpy069 Published: 20 April 2018
Water Oxidation and Oxygen Monitoring by Cobalt-Modified Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Electrodes (2013)

Electrocatalytic water oxidation occurs at fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes that have been surface-modified by addition of Co(II). On the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements, the active surface site appears to be a single site or small-molecule assembly bound as Co(II), with no evidence for cobalt oxide film or cluster formation. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry measurements, surface-bound Co(II) undergoes a pH-dependent 1e(-)/1H(+) oxidation to Co(III), which is followed by pH-dependent catalytic water oxidation. O2 reduction at FTO occurs at -0.33 V vs NHE, allowing for in situ detection of oxygen as it is formed by water oxidation on the surface. Controlled-potential electrolysis at 1.61 V vs NHE at pH 7.2 resulted in sustained water oxidation catalysis at a current density of 0.16 mA/cm(2) with 29,000 turnovers per site over an electrolysis period of 2 h. The turnover frequency for oxygen production per Co site was 4 s(-1) at an overpotential of 800 mV at pH 7.2. Initial experiments with Co(II) on a mesoporous, high-surface-area nanoFTO electrode increased the current density by a factor of ~5.
Linear least-squares fits with errors in both coordinates. II: Comments on parameter variances (1992)

Corrected expressions for parameter variances in linear (straight-line) least-squares fits given in an earlier paper [B. C. Reed, Am. J. Phys. 57, 642–646 (1989)] are presented and discussed. In addition, some simplifications to the solution given in that paper are presented, and some comments made as to the role of weighting.
The Challenges of Post- Communist Transition (1994)

The ex-Soviet economy at the beginning of the 1990s entered into the deepest crisis in its post-war history. Some interpreted its disastrous performance as an inevitable price of change. Others, however, claimed that there was no evidence of structural change; that the economy simply risked degeneration, and that it had lost its way on the path of transition. After six years of frustrated attempts at increasing economic efficiency without sacrificing the basic principles of a command-administrative system, reforms have taken a drastic turn towards radicalism.
Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposited Thin Films for Space Photovoltaics (2006)

Copper indium disulfide thin films were deposited via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition using single source precursors. Processing and post-processing parameters were varied in order to modify morphology, stoichiometry, crystallography, electrical properties, and optical properties in order to optimize device-quality material. Growth at atmospheric pressure in a horizontal hot-wall reactor at 395 C yielded best device films. Placing the susceptor closer to the evaporation zone and flowing a more precursor-rich carrier gas through the reactor yielded shinier, smoother, denser-looking films. Growth of (112)-oriented films yielded more Cu-rich films with fewer secondary phases than growth of (204)/(220)-oriented films. Post-deposition sulfur-vapor annealing enhanced stoichiometry and crystallinity of the films. Photoluminescence studies revealed four major emission bands (1.45, 1.43, 1.37, and 1.32 eV) and a broad band associated with deep defects. The highest device efficiency for an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposited cell was 1.03 percent.
Adaptive-on-time control technique for output ripple reduction and light-load efficiency enhancement in low-power switched-capacitor DC-DC regulators (2015)

This paper presents an adaptive-on-time control (AOTC) technique for low-power switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC regulators in energy-harvesting applications. When the input voltage varies, the proposed AOTC scheme can automatically adjust the duration of charge transfer between input and output of the converter to control the output ripple voltage. The switching frequency can also be decreased with the load current for reducing the converter switching power loss. An AOTC-based dual-output SC DC-DC regulator was implemented in a standard 0.35-μm CMOS process. Experimental results show that the converter can provide two regulated outputs of 2V and 3V, deliver up to 12mA at each output, and achieve a maximum power efficiency of 89.5%. With the AOTC, the converter output ripple is reduced by as much as 3.8 times over a wide input range from 1.1V to 1.6V.
Aggregating Frame-level Features for Large-Scale Video Classification (2017)

This paper introduces the system we developed for the Google Cloud & YouTube-8M Video Understanding Challenge, which can be considered as a multi-label classification problem defined on top of the large scale YouTube-8M Dataset. We employ a large set of techniques to aggregate the provided frame-level feature representations and generate video-level predictions, including several variants of recurrent neural networks (RNN) and generalized VLAD. We also adopt several fusion strategies to explore the complementarity among the models. In terms of the official metric GAP@20 (global average precision at 20), our best fusion model attains 0.84198 on the public 50\% of test data and 0.84193 on the private 50\% of test data, ranking 4th out of 650 teams worldwide in the competition.
Boron Nitride Mesoporous Nanowires with Doped Oxygen Atoms for the Remarkable Adsorption Desulfurization Performance from Fuels (2016)

Novel BN mesoporous nanowire materials with doped oxygen atoms have been controlled and prepared successfully. Multiple techniques have been employed to determine the structure, morphology, surface feature, defects, and electronic structure. It was the first time that a controlled preparation of this unique structure was applied to adsorptive desulfurization. The obtained BN mesoporous nanowires displayed outstanding adsorptive desulfurization activity for DBT (65.4 mg S g–1 adsorbent according to the Langmuir isotherm model), which was much higher than that of commercial BN and graphene-like BN. At the same time, the BN mesoporous nanowires displayed good stability and excellent adsorption performance for the 4,6-DMDBT (33.2 mg S g–1 adsorbent). The significant enhancement of adsorption desulfurization performance of BN mesoporous nanowires was ascribed to the large number of low coordinated atoms along the nanowire surface and mesopores, which could cause an interaction with DBT, and the doped oxygen atoms further strengthen the interaction.
Circadian variation of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Data from almost 10000 episodes (1999)

The onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation does not occur randomly. The large patient population in the present study suggests that the circadian rhythm of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is similar to that described for other cardiovascular diseases, with clustering of events in the morning and (to a lesser degree) late in the evening. Weekly and yearly circadian patterns are also prominent.
An Apparatus for Rapid Preparation of Oil and Oil‐Free Meal from Brassica Seed (1987)

Abstract An apparatus for the rapid preparation of large numbers of oil and “oil‐free” meal samples from Brassica seed is described. Batches of sixty 0.2 g to 2.0 g seed samples can be ground and solvent extracted simultaneously, followed by filtration, solvent washing and vacuum drying of the meal. The oil can be recovered quantitatively for gravimetric oil content determination.
Accumulation of PDGF B and cell-binding forms of PDGF A in the extracellular matrix. (1993)

PDGF is a powerful mitogen initially identified within platelets, but also shown to be produced by a wide variety of cell types. PDGF is encoded on two separate genes. These give rise to three polypeptides, PDGF B and two forms of PDGF A (SA and LA), resulting from alternative splicing of the PDGF A gene primary transcript. We report that in CHO cells transfected with PDGF gene constructs and producing moderate levels of PDGF homodimers, much of the PDGF LA and B produced, but little if any SA, is found in the matrix laid down beneath the cells. Immunoreactive PDGF in cells, and in matrix below expressing cells, was visualized by laser confocal microscopy. Western blotting of protein in matrix extracts, cell extracts, and secreted into the growth medium was used to demonstrate that the range of PDGF A polypeptides seen in the matrix was overlapping with those reported previously to be cell associated in cell types such as NIH3T3 and COS 7. This suggests that attachment to matrix or cell surface may be alternative fates for these polypeptides, with fate dependent on the characteristics of the producing cells. Immunoreactive PDGF A and B could be partially released by incubation of matrix material with heparin but not with other glycosaminoglycans. Digestion of matrix with chondroitin ABC lyase but not heparitinase or collagenase displaced some PDGF from its attachment sites. The results indicate attachment of PDGF to matrix proteoglycans, at least partly through the glycosaminoglycan moieties, and perhaps to additional components. The significance of matrix deposition for PDGF action is discussed.
Fabrication of thick Si resonators with a frontside-release etch-diffusion process (1998)

A frontside-release etch-diffusion process has been developed to create released single-crystalline Si microstructures without the need for wafer bonding. This frontside-release process is simple and requires only a single mask. A deep dry etch in an electron cyclotron resonance source is used to define the structures, followed by a short boron diffusion to convert them to p/sup ++/ Si. A short etch in ethylenediamine pyrocatechol (EDP) is then used to undercut and release the structures from the frontside of the Si wafer. The structures are isolated from the substrate using a reverse-biased p/sup ++//n junction. Since the structures have a high aspect ratio, beams longer than 1 mm can be released without sticking to the substrate, and thick resonators are flat with no bending due to stresses. Resonant microstructures with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 55 /spl mu/m thick have been fabricated using this process and their resonant frequency has been measured. For typical clamped-clamped beam resonators that were 24 /spl mu/m thick, 5 /spl mu/m wide, and 400 /spl mu/m long, with 2-/spl mu/m comb gaps, a resonant frequency of 90.6 kHz and a quality factor of 362 were measured in air.
Reactivity and Mutagenicity of Endogenous DNA Oxopropenylating Agents:  Base Propenals, Malondialdehyde, and <i>N</i><sup>ε</sup>-Oxopropenyllysine (2000)

Malondialdehyde (MDA), a mutagenic product of lipid peroxidation, reacts with DNA to form the premutagenic lesion, pyrimido[1, 2-a]purin-10(3H)-one (M(1)G). M(1)G is present in normal human tissues, but the contribution of other endogenously produced MDA analogues is poorly understood. Oxidation of the DNA backbone can cause strand breaks and release base propenals, and MDA condensation with proteins yields N(epsilon)-oxopropenyllysine. Here we compare the M(1)G-forming ability and Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity of MDA with adenine, thymine, and cytosine propenals and N(alpha)-acetyl-N(epsilon)-oxopropenyllysine methyl ester. Base propenals are 30-150 times more potent than MDA in M(1)G formation and are 30-60 times more mutagenic than MDA. In addition, the Fe-bleomycin complex, which generates base propenals, induced M(1)G, but gamma-radiation, which generates mostly MDA, did not. M(1)G formation by MDA and base propenals was concentration-dependent, time-dependent, and enhanced by acidic conditions. N(alpha)-Acetyl-N(epsilon)-oxopropenyllysine methyl ester was less reactive and less mutagenic than MDA. These differences in potency are consistent with differences in leaving group ability. This work supports a role for other MDA analogues, especially base propenals, in the formation of endogenous M(1)G adducts.
Supported Homogeneous Catalysts TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH POLYMERIC LIGANDS (1974)

Almost all industrial catalysts are heterogeneous, the reaction taking place on a solid surface. During the past decade homogeneous catalysts, soluble in the liquidphase reactant, have received a great deal of attention, although they have so far found only limited industrial use, chiefly because of the di$culty of their separation from the reaction products. More recently an intermediate type, made by attaching the active metal complex to an insoluble polymer support, has been found to o$er a promising new range of catalysts for the future. It i s likely that a large proportion of these will be based on the platinum group metals.
FcαRI Dynamics Are Regulated by GSK-3 and PKCζ During Cytokine Mediated Inside-Out Signaling (2019)

IgA binding to FcαRI (CD89) is rapidly enhanced by cytokine induced inside-out signaling. Dephosphorylation of serine 263 in the intracellular tail of FcαRI by PP2A and PI3K activation are instrumental in this process. To further investigate these signaling pathways, we targeted downstream kinases of PI3K. Our experiments revealed that PI3K activates PKCζ, which subsequently inhibits GSK-3, a constitutively active kinase in resting cells and found here to be associated with FcαRI. We propose that GSK-3 maintains FcαRI in an inactive state at homeostatic conditions. Upon cytokine stimulation, GSK-3 is inactivated through a PI3K-PKCζ pathway, preventing the maintenance of phosphorylated inactive FcαRI. The concomitantly activated PP2A is then able to dephosphorylate and activate FcαRI. Moreover, FRAP and FLIP studies showed that FcαRI activation coincides with an increased mobile fraction of the receptor. This can enhance FcαRI valency and contribute to stronger avidity for IgA immune complexes. This tightly regulated inside-out signaling pathway allows leukocytes to respond rapidly and efficiently to their environment and could be exploited to enhance the efficacy of future IgA therapeutics.
Reproductive Toxins Pervasive Theme of Oxidative Stress and Electron Transfer (2001)

Reproductive toxicity has been a topic of increasing interest and concern in recent years, generating controversy in association with danger to humans and other living things. A veritable host of chemicals is known to be involved, encompassing a wide variety of classes, both organic and inorganic. Exposure is pervasive and virtually unavoidable due to contamination of air, water, ground, food, beverages, drugs, and household items. The corresponding adverse effects on reproduction are numerous. There is uncertainty regarding mode of action although various theories have been advanced, e.g., disruption of the CNS, DNA attack, enzyme inhibition, interference with hormonal action, and insult to membranes and proteins. This review provides extensive evidence for involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and electron transfer (ET) as a unifying theme. Successful application is made to all of the main classes of toxins, in addition to large numbers of miscellaneous types. We believe it is not coincidental that the vast majority of these substances incorporate ET functionalities (quinone, metal complex, ArNO2, or conjugated iminium) either per se or in metabolites, potentially giving rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox cycling. Some categories, e.g., peroxides and radiation, appear to generate ROS by non-ET routes. For completeness, other theories are also addressed; a multifaceted approach appears to be the most logical. Our framework should increase understanding and contribute to preventative measures, such as use of antioxidants (AOs). The ET-OS theory has recently been used as the central theme by us in reviews of biomechanisms involved with anti-infective drugs, anticancer agents, and carcinogens.
The Effect of Governing Board Composition on Rural Hospitalsʼ Involvement in Provider-Sponsored Managed Care Organizations (2002)

Rural hospitals are actively pursuing various strategic alternatives to confront the dramatic changes taking place in the delivery, organization, and financing of healthcare. One of these strategic alternatives is involvement in provider-sponsored managed care organizations. Studies have argued that this form of managed care would enhance public trust and might improve the performance of hospitals. The changing healthcare environment has also increased the importance of the competence and composition of hospital boards. This article examines the effect of the governing board's composition on rural hospitals' involvement in provider-sponsored managed care organizations. The study sample consisted of 140 rural hospitals in Iowa and Nebraska whose CEOs responded to a survey conducted by the Center for Health Services Research at the University of Iowa between June and December 1997. The principal finding was that the likelihood of a hospital owning any form of managed care organization increases with the number of community leaders and health professionals on the board. The number of business leaders had no effect on the likelihood of involvement in such an arrangement. Other factors that affected the likelihood of owning a managed care organization were the health status of the population and ownership type. Key recommendations to managers are to (1) revisit the hospital board's composition before actively pursuing a strategic action, (2) examine the compatibility of the type of strategic activity pursued with the background of board members and the interests of the populations they represent, and (3) use the governing board as a resource in determining which new strategic activities to undertake.