gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Human Immunoglobulinby Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation (1976)

Crude IgG precipitated from plasma by the addition of an equal volume of 4 M ammonium sulfate was fractionated on DEAE-cellulose column to obtain pure IgG as shown by disc electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration. The processed IgG was free of plasmin and plasminogen and did not undergo fragmentation or aggregation on storage at 40 °C for at least 4 weeks. The anticomplement activity was low and the antibody activity was retained.
Ligand-free copper-catalyzed coupling of nitroarenes with arylboronic acids (2012)

The first example of copper-catalyzed coupling of nitroarenes with arylboronic acids was developed, providing diaryl ethers in moderate to excellent yields. The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by compatibility with a wide range of groups. Moreover, the rigorous exclusion of air/moisture is not required in these transformations. Thus, the method represents a simple and facile procedure to access diaryl ethers. Preliminary mechanistic experiments using deuterium labeling showed that the oxygen atom was derived from water.
The Neuroprotection Exerted by Memantine, Minocycline and Lithium, against Neurotoxicity of CSF from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Is Antagonized by Riluzole (2013)

In a recent study we found that cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients caused 20-30% loss of cell viability in primary cultures of rat embryo motor cortex neurons. We also found that the antioxidant resveratrol protected against such damaging effects and that, surprisingly, riluzole antagonized its protecting effects. Here we have extended this study to the interactions of riluzole with 3 other recognized neuroprotective agents, namely memantine, minocycline and lithium. We found: (1) by itself riluzole exerted neurotoxic effects at concentrations of 3-30 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>; this cell damage was similar to that elicited by 30 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap> glutamate and a 10% dilution of ALS/CSF; (2) memantine (0.1-30 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>), minocycline (0.03-1 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>) and lithium (1-80 µg/ml) afforded 10-30% protection against ALS/CSF-elicited neurotoxicity, and (3) at 1-10 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>, riluzole antagonized the protection afforded by the 3 agents. These results strongly support the view that at the riluzole concentrations reached in the brain of patients, the neurotoxic effects of this drug could be masking the potential neuroprotective actions of new compounds being tested in clinical trials. Therefore, in the light of the present results, the inclusion of a group of patients free of riluzole treatment may be mandatory in future clinical trials performed in ALS patients with novel neuroprotective compounds.
An algorithm for finding maximal whitespace rectangles at arbitrary orientations for document layout analysis (2004)

The analysis of the background structure (whitespace) of page images has become an important technique for physical document layout analysis. Globally maximal whites-pace rectangles have been previously demonstrated to constitute a concise representation of the major layout features of documents. However, previous methods for computing maximal whitespace rectangles were limited to axis-aligned rectangles. This paper presents an algorithm that finds globally maximal whitespace rectangles on page images at arbitrary orientations. The new algorithm eliminates the need for page rotation correction prior to background analysis and can be applied to considerably more complex page layouts than previously possible. The algorithm is resolution independent and takes as input a list of foreground shapes (e.g., character or word bounding boxes or polygons) and a set of parameter ranges; it outputs the N largest non-overlapping maximal whitespace rectangles whose parameters (location, width, height, orientation) fall within the required parameter ranges. Examples of applications of the method to severely skewed documents, as well as the UW3 database, are presented.
Analysis of the Effect of Osteon Diameter on the Potential Relationship of Osteocyte Lacuna Density and Osteon Wall Thickness (2011)

An important hypothesis is that the degree of infilling of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) is controlled by the inhibitory effect of osteocytes on osteoblasts, which might be mediated by sclerostin (a glycoprotein produced by osteocytes). Consequently, this inhibition could be proportional to cell number: relatively greater repression is exerted by progressively greater osteocyte density (increased osteocytes correlate with thinner osteon walls). This hypothesis has been examined, but only weakly supported, in sheep ulnae. We looked for this inverse relationship between osteon wall thickness (On.W.Th) and osteocyte lacuna density (Ot.Lc.N/B.Ar) in small and large osteons in human ribs, calcanei of sheep, deer, elk, and horses, and radii and third metacarpals of horses. Analyses involved: (1) all osteons, (2) smaller osteons, either ≤150 μm diameter or less than or equal to the mean diameter, and (3) larger osteons (>mean diameter). Significant, but weak, correlations between Ot.Lc.N/B.Ar and On.W.Th/On.Dm (On.Dm = osteon diameter) were found when considering all osteons in limb bones (r values -0.16 to -0.40, P < 0.01; resembling previous results in sheep ulnae: r = -0.39, P < 0.0001). In larger osteons, these relationships were either not significant (five/seven bone types) or very weak (two/seven bone types). In ribs, a negative relationship was only found in smaller osteons (r = -0.228, P < 0.01); this inverse relationship in smaller osteons did not occur in elk calcanei. These results do not provide clear or consistent support for the hypothesized inverse relationship. However, correlation analyses may fail to detect osteocyte-based repression of infilling if the signal is spatially nonuniform (e.g., increased near the central canal).
Robust microphone array processor incorporating headshadow effects (1991)

An approach for beamforming in the presence of coherent signals is developed. The correlation between a desired signal and an interferer is broken down by virtual dithering of a beamspace array. The technique can be applied to arbitrary array geometries. Simulation results are presented for narrowband signals for two array geometries: a linear equispaced array and a semicircular array which incorporates the effects of acoustic headshadow. The linear equispace array results allow comparison of this method to spatial smoothing, while the headshadow array results demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for an array which is quite dissimilar to the uniform linear array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling orbiting and rotating bodies using VRML (1998)

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) can be used to model bodies in motion. The model might be used, for example, to illustrate a solar system. A body may be rotating on its axis, the axis may be tilting with the seasons, and the body may have a satellite to form a system. A system, e.g., a body and its satellite, may then be rotating around a sun according to an elliptical orbit. The elliptical orbits for satellites and systems alike can be calculated easily using a spreadsheet.This paper will take the reader through the steps to show orbiting, rotating, and tilting bodies including how to create the objects, visually show the paths of the orbits, and set the time length for rotations, tilting of axes, and orbits for bodies. In addition, an explanation is given on how to create satellites of orbiting bodies and run the whole system continuously. The procedure for examining the model from various distances and angles during the animation is dependent on the VRML plug-in being used. Methods for creating the x, y and z coordinates of orbits using trigonometric functions and the timing for placement of objects are also explained.
How does sumatriptan perform in clinical practice? (1995)

The patient's opinion on sumatriptan treatment has been obtained from 351 migraineurs (299F and 52M) by means of a telephone survey. The results are based on the patient's cumulative experience of more than 20,000 subcutaneous injections and more than 2,000 tablet doses. The average period during which subcutaneous sumatriptan (12 mg/ml, 0.5 ml) was used was 19.1 +/- 0.4 months and 84% of the patients had used more than 10 injections. The average number of migraine attacks per month was 3.0 +/- 0.1, injections per attack 1.7 +/- 0.1, and number of tablets (100 mg) per attack 1.8 +/- 0.2. Attack duration was decreased from on average 38.4 +/- 2.1 h to 2.3 +/- 0.5 h by subcutaneous sumatriptan and to 3.4 +/- 1.0 by orally administered sumatriptan. The average degree of efficiency at work with migraine was 76.3 +/- 1.9% on sumatriptan compared with 26.6% on other treatment options; 85% said that sumatriptan was much better than previous conventional therapies tested. During their experience with sumatriptan, 89% of the migraineurs reported altogether 1,058 adverse events (average 3.6 +/- 01, range 1 to 12) in connection with subcutaneous sumatriptan treatment. The three most frequent were drowsiness/sedation (49%), chest symptoms (40%) and injection site symptoms (37%). Among the table users, 87% reported altogether 122 adverse events (average 2.6 +/- 0.3, range 1 to 11). Seventy-eight percent of the responders responded to subcutaneous sumatriptan sometimes (22% always, 15% every second attack, 40% seldom) experienced a recurrence of their headache within 24 h. The average number of recurrences was 1.7 +/- 0.1 and the average time to recurrence 13.0 +/- 0.6 h (range 1.5-24 h). It is concluded that the selected group of migraineurs found sumatriptan to be very effective in reducing the symptoms of their migraine attacks, but also to cause several adverse events, in many cases, with short-lasting effect.
Direct transfer of the bacterial asparagine synthetase gene to mammalian cells. (1983)

Using specific mutants as a means of identification, the bacterial protein for asparagine synthetase (Asn Syn) was shown to be antigenically and electrophoretically similar to its mammalian counterpart. This observation prompted us to attempt direct transfer of the cloned bacterial gene for the enzyme to mammalian cells. DNA from the replicative form of clone M13 OriC, containing the bacterial gene for Asn Syn, was shown to be capable of causing transformation of Jensen rat Asn Syn- cells to cells capable of growth in Asn-free medium; no prior modification of the bacterial gene was required. This relatively inefficient transformation (20 colonies/micrograms DNA/10(6) cells) was sensitive or insensitive to restriction enzyme digestion of the M13 OriC DNA in complete agreement with the known restriction map of the bacterial gene. Clones of transformed rat cells contained the bacterial DNA, which was amplified if increased levels of the enzyme were demanded and lost if selection was removed. The clones also contained polysomal bacterial RNA and a new protein with properties similar but not identical to those of the bacterial enzyme. The biological significance of this unusual degree of compatibility between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic Asn Syn gene systems is discussed.
Enhancing the absorption properties of acoustic porous plates by periodically embedding Helmholtz resonators (2015)

This paper studies the acoustical properties of hard-backed porous layers with periodically embedded air filled Helmholtz resonators. It is demonstrated that some enhancements in the acoustic absorption coefficient can be achieved in the viscous and inertial regimes at wavelengths much larger than the layer thickness. This enhancement is attributed to the excitation of two specific modes: Helmholtz resonance in the viscous regime and a trapped mode in the inertial regime. The enhancement in the absorption that is attributed to the Helmholtz resonance can be further improved when a small amount of porous material is removed from the resonator necks. In this way the frequency range in which these porous materials exhibit high values of the absorption coefficient can be extended by using Helmholtz resonators with a range of carefully tuned neck lengths.
Prognostic importance of p15INK4B and p16INK4 gene inactivation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. (1996)

The data suggest that analysis of p15INK4B/p16INK4 genes may contribute prognostic information in pediatric ALL.
Tracking analysis of a generalized adaptive notch filter (2005)

The paper presents results of local performance analysis of a generalized adaptive notch filter (GANF). GANFs are used for identification/tracking of quasi-periodically varying dynamic systems and can be considered an extension, to the system case, of classical adaptive notch filters. The tracking properties of the algorithm are studied analytically using a direct averaging approach and an approximating linear filter technique. Even though restricted to a single-frequency case, the presented analysis provides valuable insights into the tracking mechanisms of GANF, including the associated speed/accuracy tradeoffs, the achievable performance bounds, and tracking limitations. In addition, it allows one to formulate some useful rules of thumb for choosing design parameters.
Flexible Discriminant Analysis by Optimal Scoring (1994)

Abstract Fisher's linear discriminant analysis is a valuable tool for multigroup classification. With a large number of predictors, one can find a reduced number of discriminant coordinate functions that are “optimal” for separating the groups. With two such functions, one can produce a classification map that partitions the reduced space into regions that are identified with group membership, and the decision boundaries are linear. This article is about richer nonlinear classification schemes. Linear discriminant analysis is equivalent to multiresponse linear regression using optimal scorings to represent the groups. In this paper, we obtain nonparametric versions of discriminant analysis by replacing linear regression by any nonparametric regression method. In this way, any multiresponse regression technique (such as MARS or neural networks) can be postprocessed to improve its classification performance.
Vascular Headache: A Presenting Symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (1989)

Vascular headache of migraine-type may be a presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), a condition usually not considered in the differential diagnosis of a severe headache accompanied by neurological signs. We reviewed records of 1,113 patients with MS seen from 1967-1987 and found 44 cases whose initial attack or subsequent exacerbations were heralded by a migraine-type headache. Twenty-seven patients had no prior history of migraine, and of these, 12 presented simultaneously with their first headache and MS attack. Twenty-three patients had symptoms of a posterior fossa mass lesion. The significance of these results and possible pathogenesis is discussed.
Evidence for a Phorbol Ester-insensitive Phosphorylation Step in Capacitative Calcium Entry in Rat Thymic Lymphocytes (1996)

Experiments were undertaken to investigate the regulation of capacitative Ca2+ entry by phorbol ester-sensitive protein kinase C and serine/threonine protein phosphatase activity. The thapsigargin-activated Ca2+ entry pathway was probed in control cells and cells treated with phosphatase type 1/2A inhibitors, okadaic acid and calyculin A, or with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The permeability state of this pathway was monitored in the presence or absence of these agents using fluorometric measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, unidirectional Mn2+ entry, and membrane potential and unidirectional measurements of Ca2+ uptake using 45Ca2+. The results of these studies demonstrate that modification of the phosphorylation state of target protein(s) on serine/threonine amino acid residues by inhibition of phosphatase type 1/2A inhibits the capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway in rat thymic lymphocytes. Importantly, the capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway in rat thymic lymphocytes is not modulated by activation of phorbol ester-sensitive protein kinase C. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the regulation of capacitative Ca2+ entry by phorbol ester-sensitive protein kinase C and serine/threonine protein phosphatase activity. The thapsigargin-activated Ca2+ entry pathway was probed in control cells and cells treated with phosphatase type 1/2A inhibitors, okadaic acid and calyculin A, or with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The permeability state of this pathway was monitored in the presence or absence of these agents using fluorometric measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, unidirectional Mn2+ entry, and membrane potential and unidirectional measurements of Ca2+ uptake using 45Ca2+. The results of these studies demonstrate that modification of the phosphorylation state of target protein(s) on serine/threonine amino acid residues by inhibition of phosphatase type 1/2A inhibits the capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway in rat thymic lymphocytes. Importantly, the capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway in rat thymic lymphocytes is not modulated by activation of phorbol ester-sensitive protein kinase C.
Datacenter Scale Evaluation of the Impact of Temperature on Hard Disk Drive Failures (2013)

With the advent of cloud computing and online services, large enterprises rely heavily on their datacenters to serve end users. A large datacenter facility incurs increased maintenance costs in addition to service unavailability when there are increased failures. Among different server components, hard disk drives are known to contribute significantly to server failures; however, there is very little understanding of the major determinants of disk failures in datacenters. In this work, we focus on the interrelationship between temperature, workload, and hard disk drive failures in a large scale datacenter. We present a dense storage case study from a population housing thousands of servers and tens of thousands of disk drives, hosting a large-scale online service at Microsoft. We specifically establish correlation between temperatures and failures observed at different location granularities: (a) inside drive locations in a server chassis, (b) across server locations in a rack, and (c) across multiple racks in a datacenter. We show that temperature exhibits a stronger correlation to failures than the correlation of disk utilization with drive failures. We establish that variations in temperature are not significant in datacenters and have little impact on failures. We also explore workload impacts on temperature and disk failures and show that the impact of workload is not significant. We then experimentally evaluate knobs that control disk drive temperature, including workload and chassis design knobs. We corroborate our findings from the real data study and show that workload knobs show minimal impact on temperature. Chassis knobs like disk placement and fan speeds have a larger impact on temperature. Finally, we also show the proposed cost benefit of temperature optimizations that increase hard disk drive reliability.
Load Adaptive Control Scheme to Improve Converter Efficiency and Performance (2006)

A voltage regulator (VR) design with improved efficiency especially at light load and with good steady-state ripple and dynamic performance is discussed in this paper. The presented VR utilizes a proposed "pulse-sliding" load adaptive control scheme to satisfy the VR requirements. Such VR design is important in many applications including those that are battery powered and has energy consumption constrains. In this paper, the concept, design, analysis, simulation and experimental circuit of the improved VR design are presented
Prebiotics and synbiotics (2016)

This review describes recent research on how prebiotics and fermentable fibers can influence the gut microbiota and result in improvements to human health.
Combined AKT and MEK Pathway Blockade in Pre-Clinical Models of Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2016)

Despite recent improvements in patient outcomes using newer androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors, treatment resistance in castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to remain a clinical problem. Co-targeting alternate resistance pathways are of significant interest to treat CRPC and delay the onset of resistance. Both the AKT and MEK signaling pathways become activated as prostate cancer develops resistance to AR-targeted therapies. This pre-clinical study explores co-targeting these pathways in AR-positive prostate cancer models. Using various in vitro models of prostate cancer disease states including androgen dependent (LNCaP), CRPC (V16D and 22RV1) and ENZ-resistant prostate cancer (MR49C and MR49F), we evaluate the relevance of targeting both AKT and MEK pathways. Our data reveal that AKT inhibition induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth in PTEN null cell lines independently of their sensitivity to hormone therapy; however, AKT inhibition had no effect on the PTEN positive 22RV1 cell line. Interestingly, we found that MEK inhibition had greater effect on 22RV1 cells compared to LNCaP, V16D or ENZ-resistant cells MR49C and MR49F cells. In vitro, combination AKT and MEK blockade had evidence of synergy observed in some cell lines and assays, but this was not consistent across all results. In vivo, the combination of AKT and MEK inhibition resulted in more consistent tumor growth inhibition of MR49F xenografts and longer disease specific survival compared to AKT inhibitor monotherapy. As in our in vitro study, 22RV1 xenografts were more resistant to AKT inhibition while they were more sensitive to MEK inhibition. Our results suggest that targeting AKT and MEK in combination may be a valuable strategy in prostate cancer when both pathways are activated and further support the importance of characterizing the dominant oncogenic pathway in each patient's tumor in order to select optimal therapy.
Embodied Emotion Modulates Neural Signature of Performance Monitoring (2009)

Embodying emotions by induced facial expressions leads to a changes in the neural correlates of error detection. We suggest that this is due to the joint influence of the dopaminergic system on positive affect and performance monitoring.
Studies in ranitidine chemistry: an unusual oxygen .fwdarw. nitrogen methyl migration (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in ranitidine chemistry: an unusual oxygen .fwdarw. nitrogen methyl migrationJacob Herzig, Abraham Antebi, Abraham Nudelman, and Hugo E. GottliebCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 5, 730–732Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00355a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (350 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts