gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Affordable CD4<sup>+</sup> T‐cell counts on ‘single‐platform’ flow cytometers I. Primary CD4 gating (2000)

Here, we demonstrate the flow cytometric concept of ‘primary CD4 gating’ utilizing three different CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) conjugated with five different fluorochromes. CD4 + lymphocytes were defined by an autogate in a single histogram of CD4 fluorescence intensity (FI) ( y ‐axis) vs. side light scatter ( x ‐axis). A wide range of absolute counts for > 600 individuals, including HIV + patients, were compared with those obtained by ‘state‐of‐the‐art’ single‐platform flow cytometers such as the volumetric Ortho CytoronAbsolute and the Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur using TruCount beads. The correlation between CD4 counts obtained with primary CD4 gating and the full test panel on the Ortho Cytoron was excellent ( R 2 = 0·999). Bland–Altman statistics showed a mean difference of −2 cells/mm 3 [confidence interval (CI) 95% = −3 to −1; limits of agreement −27 to +23]. In addition to absolute CD4 counts, CD4% values and CD4/CD8 ratios are also frequently requested. To obtain these, lymphocytes need to be counted using scatter gates, and a second tube stained with a CD8 mAb to count CD8 ++ lymphocytes can be incorporated. We conclude that primary CD4 gating on single‐platform volumetric flow cytometers is one of the most economical and flexible technologies for routine cost‐conscious service work, particularly during the follow‐up of patients undergoing anti‐HIV therapy and/or vaccination in the developing world.
Modeling and optimization of formaldehyde‐free wood composites using a Box‐Behnken design (2006)

Abstract A response surface model using a Box‐Behnken design was constructed to statistically model and optimize the material compositions‐processing conditions‐mechanical property relationships of formaldehyde‐free wood composite panels. Three levels of binding agent content, pressing time, and press temperature were studied and regression models were developed to describe and optimize the statistical effects of the formulation and processing conditions on the mechanical properties of the panels. Linear models best fit both the flexural strength (modulus of rupture [MOR]) and internal bond (IB) strength of the panels. Increasing any of the manufacturing variables resulted in greater MOR and IB strength. Flexural stiffness (modulus of elasticity [MOE]) was best described by a quadratic regression model. Increased MOE could be obtained through higher pressing times, binding agent concentrations, and/or pressing temperatures. However, binding agent concentration had less effect on increasing the MOE at higher pressing temperatures. Numerical optimization showed that formaldehyde‐free panels with desired mechanical properties could be manufactured at pressing temperatures ranging from 187.18 to199.97°C, pressing time from 3.31 to 8.83 minutes, and binding agent concentration from 7.66 to 11.86%. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:497–503, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
New entry to the C-glycosidation by means of carbenoid displacement reaction. Its application to the synthesis of showdomycin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew entry to the C-glycosidation by means of carbenoid displacement reaction. Its application to the synthesis of showdomycinTetsuji Kametani, Kuniaki Kawamura, and Toshio HondaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 10, 3010–3017Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00244a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00244a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1327Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experiments with gravity assisted heat pipes with and without circumferential grooves (1978)

The results of a series of experiments on the performance of gravity-assis ted heat pipes with and without circumferential grooves are reported. Heat-transfer rates and temperature gradients were measured, so that heat pipe conductance and evaporator and condenser heat-transfer coefficients were determined. Such actual performance data is useful to determine the improved performance of grooved heat pipes compared to wickless heat pipes or thermosyphons. Such performance data is important since the added cost of manufacturing the grooves is a significant part of the cost of the heat pipe, especially for long pipes. For a 91.4 cm long by 1.27 cm o.d. heat pfpe with 40 grooves per cm, the maximum thermal conductance measured was 22.7 W/°C, and the heat transfer coefficients in the evaporator and condenser were 4700 and 11,992 W/m2°C. The same size and type of heat pipe without grooves had a thermal conductance of 4.2 W/°C and evaporator and condenser heat-transfer coefficients of 1000 and 1500 W/m2 °C. Experiments were also conducted on a 6.4 m long by 3.18 cm o.d. ironwater heat pipe without grooves and on a U-shaped copper water heat pipe with grooves. H Nomenclature = evaporator heat-transfer coefficient, W/m2°C = condenser heat-transfer coefficient, W/m2°C = height of condenser elevation above evaporator, cm K=Q/AT ^thermal conductance, W/°C Q = heat-transfer rate, W R = AT/Q = thermal resistance, °C/W T = temperature, °C AT = temperature difference, °C x — length, cm a = angle of incline from horizontal, deg
Robust reconstruction of aliased data using autoregressive spectral estimates (2010)

ABSTRACT Autoregressive modeling is used to estimate the spectrum of aliased data. A region of spectral support is determined by identifying the location of peaks in the estimated spatial spectrum of the data. This information is used to pose a Fourier reconstruction problem that inverts for a few dominant wavenumbers that are required to model the data. Synthetic and real data examples are used to illustrate the method. In particular, we show that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct aliased data and data with gaps.
Review of the Ischemia Hypothesis for Ocular Hypertension Other than Congenital Glaucoma and Closed-Angle Glaucoma (2004)

Experimentally induced ischemia of the endothelial cells surrounding the aqueous drainage sites led to a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) in monkey and pigeon eyes. Clinical conditions associated with a rise in IOP in human eyes, e.g. peripheral retinal detachments, subluxated lenses, and occlusion of the internal carotid artery, can result in ischemia of the endothelial cells lining Schlemm's canal. These findings led to the hypothesis that ischemia of the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal induces hypertension in human eyes. Thus, the ischemia hypothesis should be considered in discussions of the etiology of age-related open-angle glaucoma.
Sub-pixel land cover composition estimation using a linear mixture model and fuzzy membership functions (1994)

Abstract Mixed pixels occur commonly in remotely-sensed imagery, especially those with a coarse spatial resolution. They are a problem in land-cover mapping applications since image classification routines assume ‘pure’ or homogeneous pixels. By unmixing a pixel into its component parts it is possible to enableinter alia more accurate estimation of the areal extent of different land cover classes. In this paper two approaches to estimating sub-pixel land cover composition are investigated. One is a linear mixture model the other is a regression model based on fuzzy membership functions. For both approaches significant correlation coefficients, all >0·7, between the actual and predicted proportion of a land cover type within a pixel were obtained. Additionally a case study is presented in which the accuracy of the estimation of tropical forest extent is increased significantly through the use of sub-pixel estimates of land-cover composition rather than a conventional image classification.
RETRACTED: UV-Induced Radical Photo-Polymerization: A Smart Tool for Preparing Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Energy Storage Devices (2012)

In the present work, the preparation and characterization of quasi-solid polymer electrolyte membranes based on methacrylic monomers and oligomers, with the addition of organic plasticizers and lithium salt, are described. Noticeable improvements in the mechanical properties by reinforcement with natural cellulose hand-sheets or nanoscale microfibrillated cellulose fibers are also demonstrated. The ionic conductivity of the various prepared membranes is very high, with average values approaching 10-3 S cm-1 at ambient temperature. The electrochemical stability window is wide (anodic breakdown voltages > 4.5 V vs. Li in all the cases) along with good cyclability in lithium cells at ambient temperature. The galvanostatic cycling tests are conducted by constructing laboratory-scale lithium cells using LiFePO4 as cathode and lithium metal as anode with the selected polymer electrolyte membrane as the electrolyte separator. The results obtained demonstrate that UV induced radical photo-polymerization is a well suited method for an easy and rapid preparation of easy tunable quasi-solid polymer electrolyte membranes for energy storage devices.
The nucleotide sequence of glutamate tRNA<sub>4</sub>of Drosophila melanogaster (1980)

The nucleotide sequence of Drosophila melanogaster glutamate tRNA4 was determined to be: pU-C-C-C-A-U-A-U-G-G-U-C-psi-A-G-D-G-G-C-D-A-G-G-A-U-A-U-C-U-G-G-C (m) -U-U-U-C-A-C-C-A-G-A-A-G-G-C-C-C-G-G-G-T-psi-U-C-G-A-U-U-C-C-C-G-G-U-A-U-G-G-G-A-A-C-C-AOH. A partial modified C is found at position 32 in the anticodon loop.
A comparison of neighbouring group participation by phenolic and alcoholic hydroxy-groups in ester hydrolysis (1971)

B. Capon, S. T. McDowell and W. V. Raftery, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 389 DOI: 10.1039/C29710000389
Survey of Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

The chapter provides a survey of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. The routing protocols fall into two major categories of topology-based and position-based routing. The chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these routing protocols, explores the motivation behind their design and trace the evolution of these routing protocols. Finally, it concludes the chapter by pointing out some open issues and possible direction of future research related to VANET routing.
Assessment of Rydberg atoms for wideband electric field sensing (2019)

Abstract Rydberg atoms have attracted significant interest recently as electric field sensors. In order to assess potential applications, detailed understanding of relevant figures of merit is necessary, particularly in relation to other, more mature, sensor technologies. Here we present a quantitative analysis of the Rydberg sensor’s sensitivity to oscillating electric fields with frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 THz. Sensitivity is calculated using a combination of analytical and semi-classical Floquet models. Using these models, optimal sensitivity at arbitrary field frequency is determined. We validate the numeric Floquet model via experimental Rydberg sensor measurements over a range of 1–20 GHz. Using analytical models, we compare with two prominent electric field sensor technologies: electro-optic crystals and dipole antenna-coupled passive electronics.
Mechanism and kinetic characteristics of the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in media of low proton availability (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism and kinetic characteristics of the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in media of low proton availabilityChristian Amatore and Jean Michel SaveantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 17, 5021–5023Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00407a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00407a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4364Altmetric-Citations363LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE 37 AND THE CHEMISTRY OF ITS CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE (1970)

Pneumococcus Type 37, like pneumococcus Type 3, is characterized by the production of large mucoid colonies on the surface of solid media and by its very large capsule. It differs from the highly virulent pneumococcus Type 3 in that it is only slightly virulent for mice and rats and is isolated infrequently from man. A study of the behavior of pneumococcus Type 37 in systems comparable to those used in the study of pneumococcus Type 3 and an examination of the chemical structure of the capsule of pneumococcus Type 37 are described. The capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus Type 37 is a viscous, optically inactive polymer composed of 95% hexose. Glucose is obtained in 88% yield upon acid hydrolysis. Periodate oxidation studies and the behavior of the polysaccharide on acid hydrolysis suggest that the molecule consists of a core of repeating units of 1,3 glucosyl-glucose to which short chains of glucose are attached at frequent intervals. Isolation of a disaccharide, the properties of which are identical with those of sophorose (ß1 → 2 glucosyl-glucose), and of a trisaccharide are described. A tentative structure for the capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus Type 37 is proposed.
3-Phenylindones. I. The Synthesis of 6-Chloro-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-indenone and Some Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Phenylindones. I. The Synthesis of 6-Chloro-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-indenone and Some Related Compounds1James F. Feeman and E. D. AmstutzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4, 1522–1526Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01160a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01160a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Superconducting Tl<sub>1</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Thin Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering (1988)

Superconducting thin films of the Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O system with a single 1234 phase were prepared on a (100) MgO substrate by rf magnetron sputtering from a sintered Tl 2 Ba 1 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x target and subsequent annealing. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the films thicker than 5 µm which underwent annealing at 900–910°C contained the 1234 phase with a high degree of the c-axis orientation normal to their surface. The c-axis lattice constant was determined to be 19.05 Å. The best superconducting properties were obtained for the 5- µm thick films annealed 900°C for 1 min with an onset critical temperature at about 120 K and a zero-resistivity temperature at 113 K.
Live Update for Device Drivers (2008)

As commodity operating systems become more reliable and\nfault-tolerant, the availability of a system will be determined not by\nwhen it crashes, but instead by when it must be shutdown and rebooted\ndue to software maintenance. While many system\ncomponents can be upgraded on-line, critical low-level components, such\nas device drivers and other kernel extensions, cannot be updated\nwithout rebooting the entire operating system.\n\nIn this paper, we present Live Update, a mechanism that allows\ndevice drivers to be updated without rebooting the system. Unlike\nother on-line update mechanisms, our system supports existing drivers\n"as is". Thus, thousands of existing device drivers can be updated\ntransparently. In experiments we show that Live Update can upgrade\nexisting drivers without rebooting and that the system imposes very\nlittle performance overhead.
Variance in multiplex suspension array assays: microsphere size variation impact (2007)

A probable significant cause of variance in suspended microsphere assay results is variation in microsphere diameter. This can potentially be addressed by changes in the manufacturing process. Provision to users of mean size, median size, skew, the number of standard deviations that half the size range represents (sigma multiple), and standard deviation is recommended. Establishing a higher sigma multiple for microsphere production is likely to deliver a significant improvement in precision of raw instrument readings. Further research is recommended on the molecular architecture of microsphere coatings.
Purification and properties of yeast amylo-1,6-glucosidase-oligo-1,4 .far. 1,4-glucantransferase (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and properties of yeast amylo-1,6-glucosidase-oligo-1,4 .far. 1,4-glucantransferaseErnest Y. C. Lee, J. H. Carter, L. D. Nielsen, and Edmond H. FischerCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 11, 2347–2355Publication Date (Print):May 26, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 26 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00813a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00813a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A “green” method for isolation of cucurbit[7]uril via a solid state metathesis reaction (2010)

A method to isolate CB[7] from a CB[5]/CB[7] mixture has been successfully developed by incorporating an alkyl-imidazolium ionic liquid guest of the type [C(n)mim]Br which is only capable of binding with CB[7]. This CB[7]-[C(n)mim]Br complex can be removed from the mixture and a subsequent solid state ion metathesis affords pure CB[7]. Moreover, the imidazolium ionic liquids can be recycled from the aqueous solution after the purification thus providing a 'green' process.
Structural study of polybutadiene‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers. Influence of the nature of the amorphous block on the refolding of the poly(ethylene oxide) chains (1977)

Abstract Our earlier studies on block copolymers polystyrene‐poly(ethylene oxide) has allowed to state the influence of the molecular weight of the copolymer and of its composition on the refolding of the crystallized poly(ethylene oxide) chains. To precise the effect of the nature of the amorphous block, we have studied by X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, the lamellar crystalline structures exhibited by block copolymers polybutadiene‐poly(ethylene oxide) (BEO) in the presence of a preferential solvent of one block: xylene for polybutadiene (PB), acetic acid or acrylic acid for poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). In systems BEO copolymer/preferential solvent of PEO, the lamellar structure with crystallized PEO chains (LCC) exists at temperatures below about 45°C and for solvent concentrations ranging from 0 to a value characteristic of the copolymer. In the LCC structure, the chains of PEO crystallize in two layers; the solvent forms a third layer located between the PEO layers. We have studied the influence of the nature of the amorphous block on the variation of the structural parameters with the solvent concentration. In systems BEO copolymer/preferential solvent of PB, the lamellar structure with crystallized PEO chains (LC) appears at temperatures below about 50°C and for all solvent concentrations where the mesophase exists. In the LC structure, the chains of PEO crystallize folding in two superposed layers. We have established the influence of the solvent concentration and the nature of the amorphous block on the number of folds and the crystallinity of the PEO chains.
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: an update (2005)

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively recent therapeutic approach to the treatment of traumatic memories in the wake of psychological trauma such as those found in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is based on the theory that bilateral stimulation, mostly in the form of eye movements, allows the processing of traumatic memories. While the patient focuses on specific images, negative sensations and associated cognitions, bilateral stimulation is applied to desensitise the individual to these memories and more positive sensations and cognitions are introduced. Although there is still uncertainty about the theoretical concepts underlying EMDR and the role of bilateral stimulation, it is an effective and proven treatment for PTSD and traumatic memories. It should form part of treatment approaches offered to individuals with PTSD.