gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optical infrastructure for future telecommunications networks (1995)

For the transport of the increasing traffic volume caused by existing and new narrowband services and evolving broadband services, the enhancement of the existing public telecommunication transport network is necessary. For this purpose an optical network layer with cross-connect and add/drop functionalities will be added to the existing transport network. A comparative analysis of space, time, and optical frequency division multiplexing has shown that for the time being optical frequency multiplexing is best suited for the realization of that new network layer. This multiplexing scheme offers the greatest advantages such as very high bandwidth utilization in the fiber and simple and efficient cross-connecting of high bitrate streams. In the near future, technology will be mature enough for the realization of a demonstrator network based on optical frequency division multiplexing. The functionalities of the optical network are evaluated and the results clearly show that optical frequency conversion and regeneration should be provided by the optical network. The article also deals with the realization aspects (cross-connecting, supervision, and operation and maintenance) of an optical node.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Common evolutionary origin of the fibrin‐binding structures of fibronectin and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (1983)

Comparison of the primary structures of high-Mr urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator reveals a high degree of structural homology between the two proteins, except that tissue activator contains a 43 residue long amino-terminal region, which has no counterpart in urokinase. We show that this segment is homologous with the finger-domains responsible for the fibrin-affinity of fibronectin. Limited proteolysis of the amino-terminal region of plasminogen activator was found to lead to a loss of the fibrin-affinity of the enzyme. It is suggested that the finger-domains of fibronectin and tissue-types plasminogen activator have similar functions and that the finger-domains of the two proteins evolved from a common ancestral fibrin-binding domain.
FATIGUE UNDER CYCLIC COMPRESSIVE LOAD (1984)

For ultra‐high strength steels and aluminium alloys, a fatigue crack could initiate from a notch tip under cyclic compressive load. The threshold value for fatigue crack initiation under compressive load can be as great as four times that under tensile load. The crack grew at a decreasing rate until eventually it stopped growing altogether under cyclic compressive load with a maximum length of 0.2‐0.5 mm. If the minimum compressive load was near zero, i.e. compression to zero load cycling, the threshold value was near that under tensile loading and the compressive fatigue crack could continue to grow; however, the crack growth rate under compression to zero load fatigue was 10–100 times less than that under the tensile fatigue loading.
REVIEWS DE RIVAUDEAUANDRÈ: Aman, tragédie sainte. Édition critique avec introduction et notes par CAMERONKEITH. (Textes Littéraires Français, 154). Geneva: Droz; Paris: Minard. 1969. 150 pp. 18.50 frs. (1971)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access ANDRÈ DE RIVAUDEAU: Aman, tragédie sainte. Édition critique avec introduction et notes KEITH par CAMERON. (Textes Littéraires Français, 154). Geneva: Droz; Paris: Minard. 1969. 150 pp. 18.50 frs. C. N. SMITH C. N. SMITH EAST ANGUA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXV, Issue 3, July 1971, Page 330, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXV.3.330 Published: 01 July 1971
Monocular target detection on transport infrastructures with dynamic and variable environments (2012)

This paper describes a target detection system on transport infrastructures, based on monocular vision, for applications in the framework of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Using structured elements of the image, a vanishing point extraction is proposed to obtain an automatic calibration of the camera, without any prior knowledge. This calibration provides an approximate size of the searched targets (vehicles or pedestrians), improving the performance of the detection steps. After that, a background subtraction method, based on GMM and shadow detection algorithms, is used to segment the image. Next a feature extraction, optical flow analysis and clustering methods are used to track the objects. The algorithm is robust to camera jitter, illumination changes and shadows. Therefore it can work indoor and outdoor, in different conditions and scenarios, and independent of the position of the camera. In the paper, we present and discuss the results achieved up to date in real traffic conditions.
New Data and a Revised Structural Model for Ferrihydrite (1988)

Abstract Synthetic 2-line and 6-line ferrihydrite samples prepared from ferric nitrate solutions have the bulk compositions Fe 4 (O,OH,H 2 O) 12 and Fe 4,6 (O,OH,H 2 O) 12 , respectively. The composition depends on crystal size, which averages 20 Å for 2-line and 35 Å for 6-line ferrihydrite. X-ray absorption edge spectra indicate the presence of tetrahedral Fe 3+ , a conclusion supported by heating experiments which show the development of maghemite after heating to 300°C in the presence of N 2 , followed by the formation of hematite at higher temperatures. These two reactions are recorded on differential thermal analysis traces by exotherms at 350° and 450°C. Transmission electron microscopy shows that 2-line ferrihydrite has no Z -axis regularity but does show hexagonal 2.54-Å lattice fringes. Six-line ferrihydrite forms faceted crystals having 9.4-Å c -parameter only detectable in dark field. In bright field, 2.54-Å lattice fringes indicate greater atomic regularity than in 2-line ferrihydrite. Analysis of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of 6-line ferrihydrite suggests a structure based on double-hexagonal close-packed oxygens, containing 36% Fe in tetrahedral sites. Selective chemical dissolution, surface area measurements, and magnetic susceptibility are consistent with the recorded properties of ferrihydrite.
Efficiency optimisation of a neutral point clamped inverter for electric vehicles by means of a variable DC input voltage and different power semiconductors (2014)

The 3-level NPC is investigated for the application in electric vehicles for inverter operation. Two different optimisation approaches for the NPC will be investigated to increase the efficiency. For the first method, the DC link input voltage is controlled variable, fed by a DC/DC converter. The effect of the varied DC link voltage on the loss distribution and on the efficiency is presented. Secondly, the possibility to use IGBTs and Superjunction MOSFETs in one inverter (asymmetric combination) is studied and its effect on the efficiency is highlighted. A continuous and a discontinuous modulation are investigated for the asymmetric combination to show the influence on the loss distribution. Both optimisation methods show advantages regarding the NPC efficiency. The analysis is done by simulation and laboratory measurement.
Prostaglandin analogs. Part 9. Synthesis of a new chemically and metabolically stable prostacyclin analog with high and long-lasting oral activity (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandin analogs. Part 9. Synthesis of a new chemically and metabolically stable prostacyclin analog with high and long-lasting oral activityW. Skuballa, E. Schillinger, C. S. Stuerzebecher, and H. VorbrueggenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1986, 29, 3, 313–315Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00153a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00153a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views540Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Positron emission tomography (2006)

The developments in positron emission tomography (PET) are reviewed with an emphasis on instrumentation for clinical PET imaging. After a brief summary of positron imaging before the advent of computed tomography, various improvements are highlighted including the move from PET scanners with septa to fully 3D scanners, changes in the preferred scintillators, efforts to improve the energy discrimination, and improvements in attenuation correction. Time-of-flight PET imaging is given special attention due to the recent revival of this technique, which promises significant improvement. Besides technical instrumentation efforts, other factors which influenced the acceptance of clinical PET are also discussed.
Inflammatory cells in the lungs of premature infants on the first day of life: perinatal risk factors and origin of cells. (1993)

Neither the origin of leucocytes in the premature newborn airway nor their relationship to perinatal factors has been adequately determined. In order to sample airway cells, modified bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on 74 intubated infants of < 32 weeks' gestation and < 24 hours of age. Cells were counted, stained and, in a small separate group of six infants, four boys and two girls, probed for the Y chromosome with suitable control samples. Perinatal risk factors for increased airway cellularity were analysed by multiple regression. Premature rupture of membranes of more than 24 hours' duration was independently associated with increased numbers of airway leucocytes (n = 74). More than 90% of airway leucocytes from four boys with pulmonary inflammation were positive for the Y chromosome indicating that the cells were of fetal rather than maternal origin.
Studies of Maternal Retrieving in Rats. Iii. Sensory Cues Involved in the Lactating Female's Response To Her Young 1) (1956)

Twenty-six lactating female rats were observed in a series of tests designed to identify the sensory cues involved in the retrieving of young to the nest. In some instances females were surgically deprived of one or more sensory receptors. In other cases the females were unoperated and the sensory qualities of the young were modified. The types of desensitization employed were enucleation of the eyes, cauterization of the olfactory bulbs, and transection of the sensory nerves serving the anterior portion of the head, including the snout and lips. Modification of sensory qualities of the young was achieved in different instances by spraying living young with oil of lavender, coating young with vasoline or collodion, killing the young just before the test by separation of the brain and spinal cord, and chilling freshly killed young in a refrigerator. In some tests living young were enclosed in glass vials so that they were visually accessible to the female but could not be smelled or touched. In other tests normal young were confined inside a small, wire-mesh cage so that the female could smell them but could not establish physical contact. In addition to normal or artificially modified young, other retrievable objects were offered to the experimental females. These included young mice and rabbits, and pieces of fresh meat cut to the size of a newborn rat. The results of these various procedures led to the conclusion that the retrieving response is ordinarily governed by a combination of sensory cues. When they are available, visual, chemical, tactile and thermal sensations all contribute to the female's tendency to approach, pick up and retrieve her offspring. No single type of sensation is indispensable. It appears that the female's retrieving behavior, like the sexual behavior of the male rat or like the maze-learning performance of both sexes, normally involves multisensory controls. This finding is believed to be related to the fact that the cerebral cortex plays an important role in the male's copulatory behavior, the female's maternal performance and in maze learning. It is probably the intervention of a cortical component which makes the rat's maternal behavior different from analogous reactions in lower vertebrates. In the latter, much of the reproductive activity seems to be controlled by relatively simple, unisensory forms of stimulation. This could be due to the fact that in these lower forms a higher nervous mechanism such as the cortex is lacking.
Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide facilitates engraftment of major histocompatibility complex-identical allogeneic marrow in mice conditioned with low-dose total body irradiation (2002)

Cyclophosphamide (Cy) has been studied extensively for its immunosuppressive properties and is frequently combined with total body irradiation (TBI) as conditioning prior to HLA-identical allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (alloBMT) in humans. Because Cy is most effective at suppressing host-versus-graft reactions when the drug is given after the transplantation (Mayumi H et al. Transplant Proc. 1986;18:363-369), we investigated whether posttransplantation Cy could prevent rejection of allogeneic marrow in mice conditioned with low-dose TBI. In a mouse model, posttransplantation Cy reduced the dose of TBI required from 500 cGy to < or = 200 cGy for the engraftment of 10 million major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-identical marrow cells in 100% of recipients. In animals conditioned with low-dose TBI and posttransplantation Cy, donor chimerism was proportional to the dose of TBI, was present in multiple hematopoietic lineages, and was associated with the indefinite survival of donor-strain skin grafts. In contrast, animals conditioned with either TBI alone or posttransplantation Cy alone failed to achieve engraftment after alloBMT and contained antidonor cytotoxic T-cells. Although <5% donor chimerism could be induced without TBI by transplanting > or = 50 million MHC-identical cells and administering posttransplantation Cy, the addition of low-dose TBI reduced the dose of donor cells required for alloengraftment and increased long-term donor chimerism to >50%. These data demonstrate that low-dose TBI and posttransplantation Cy cooperate to prevent graft rejection following the transplantation of standard doses of MHC-identical marrow cells.
Understanding Methane Aromatization on a Zn‐Modified High‐Silica Zeolite (2008)

It takes two: A high level of conversion of 13C atoms of methane into the products of methane/propane coaromatization on zeolite Zn/H-BEA has been demonstrated by 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopic analysis and GC-MS. The isotope-labeling experiments show the mechanism consists of the methylation of aromatic compounds formed from the propane followed by ring-expansion/contraction (see scheme).
Origin of acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction formed in the <i>in vitro</i> innervated human muscle (2004)

Synaptic basal lamina is interposed between the pre- and postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). This position permits deposition of basal lamina-bound NMJ components of both neuronal and muscle fibre origin. One such molecule is acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The origin of NMJ AChE has been investigated previously as the answer would elucidate the relative contributions of muscle fibers and motor neurons to NMJ formation. However, in the experimental models used in prior investigations either the neuronal or muscular components of the NMJs were removed, or the NMJs were poorly differentiated. Therefore, the question of AChE origin in the intact and functional NMJ remains open. Here, we have approached this question using an in vitro model in which motor neurons, growing from embryonic rat spinal cord explants, form well differentiated NMJs with cultured human myotubes. By immunocytochemical staining with species-specific anti-AChE antibodies, we are able to differentiate between human (muscular) and rat (neuronal) AChE at the NMJ. We observed strong signal at the NMJ after staining with human AChE antibodies, which suggests a significant muscular AChE contribution. However, a weaker, but still clearly recognizable signal is observed after staining with rat AChE antibodies, suggesting a smaller fraction of AChE was derived from motor neurons. This is the first report demonstrating that both motor neuron and myotube contribute synaptic AChE under conditions where they interact with each other in the formation of an intact and functional NMJ.
Analysis of authentication and key establishment in inter-generational mobile telephony. (2013)

Second (GSM), third (UMTS), and fourthgeneration (LTE) mobile telephony protocols are all in active use, giving rise to a number of interoperation situations. Although the standards address roaming by specifying switching and mapping of established security context, there is not a comprehensive specification of which are the possible interoperation cases. Nor is there comprehensive specification of the procedures to establish security context (authentication and short-term keys) in the various interoperation scenarios. This paper systematically enumerates the cases, classifying them as allowed, disallowed, or uncertain with rationale based on detailed analysis of the specifications. We identify the authentication and key agreement procedure for each of the possible cases. We formally model these scenarios and analyze their security, in the symbolic model, using the tool ProVerif. We find two scenarios that inherit a known false base station attack. We find an attack on the CMC message of another scenario.
Guest editorial (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis that generated an economic crisis and various policy implications.In response, over the next several years' rigorous social science research will investigate the immediate and long-term social, political and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.In addition, the pandemic's complex consequences targeted individuals and vulnerable communities, which require a better understanding through rigorous research and analysis.Review of Economics and Political Science in this issue is starting its special publication about this pandemic that started last year, and there are no signals for its end.Governments encountered hard decisions as to whether it is obliged to support the individuals and social groups negatively influenced by the pandemic.Actions of the governments have differed as COVID-19 posed serious questions for public policy and social justice in different countries.On the economic level, the pandemic has created lots of venues for research including how to get out of this crisis and what type of policies are better situated to handle the crisis and its aftermath, the impact on debt, international trade and to what extent the pandemic affected the poor and rich countries.On the political and international relations level, the crisis is likely to reshape the whole world order, with the expected rising tensions between China and the USA, the democratic versus autocratic regimes with different their abilities to handle the crisis, etc.The economic consequences and political are likely to last especially for those in lowwage jobs, those just entering the labor force and for poor countries.In this issue, some of the previous concerns are raised for further investigations.
ASTRO-H Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) (2014)

ASTRO-H is an astrophysics satellite dedicated for non-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic study on selective celestial X-ray sources. Among the onboard instruments there are four Wolter-I X-ray mirrors of their reflectors’ figure in conical approximation. Two of the four are soft X-ray mirrors<sup>1</sup>, of which the energy range is from a few hundred eV to 15 keV within the effective aperture being defined by the nested reflectors’ radius ranging between 5.8 cm to 22.5 cm. The focal point instruments will be a calorimeter (SXS) and a CCD camera (SXI), respectively. The mirrors were in quadrant configuration with photons being reflected consecutively in the primary and secondary stage before converging on the focal plane of 5.6 m away from the interface between the two stages. The reflectors of the mirror are made of heat-formed aluminum substrate of the thickness gauged of 152 μm, 229 μm, and 305 μm of the alloy 5052 H-19, followed by epoxy replication on gold-sputtered smooth Pyrex cylindrical mandrels to acquire the X-ray reflective surface. The epoxy layer is 10 m nominal and surface gold layer of 0.2 μm. Improvements on angular response over its predecessors, e.g. Astro-E1/Suzaku mirrors, come from error reduction on the figure, the roundness, and the grazing angle/radius mismatching of the reflecting surface, and tighter specs and mechanical strength on supporting structure to reduce the reflector positioning and the assembly errors. Each soft x-ray telescope (SXT), SXT-1 or SXT-2, were integrated from four independent quadrants of mirrors. The stray-light baffles, in quadrant configuration, were mounted onto the integrated mirror. Thermal control units were attached to the perimeter of the integrated mirror to keep the mirror within operating temperature in space. The completed instrument went through a series of optical alignment, thus made the quadrant images confocal and their optical axes in parallel to achieve highest throughput possible. Environmental tests were carried out, and optical quality of the telescopes has been confirmed. SXT-1 and -2 were tested with the broad but slightly divergent beam, up to 8 arc-minutes, at Goddard. The full characterization were carried out in Japan which includes: angular resolution, effective area in the energy range of ~ 0.4 – 12keV, off-axis response at various energies, etc. We report the calibration results of the SXT-1 and -2 that were obtained at NASA/Goddard and JAXA/ISAS. The detailed calibration are reported in the two papers in this conference: 9144-206, "Ground-based x-ray calibration of the ASTRO-H soft x-ray telescopes" by R. Iizuka et al. and 9144-207, "Revealing a detailed performance of the soft x-ray telescopes of the ASTRO-H mission" by T. Sato, et al. Some small but significant discrepancies existed between ISAS and Goddard measurements that were attributed to the difference of the X-ray beams - pencil beam vs divergent beam.
A simple method for fabricating multi-layer PDMS structures for 3D microfluidic chips (2010)

We report a simple methodology to fabricate PDMS multi-layer microfluidic chips. A PDMS slab was surface-treated by trichloro (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl) silane, and acts as a reusable transferring layer. Uniformity of the thickness of the patterned PDMS layer and the well-alignment could be achieved due to the transparency and proper flexibility of this transferring layer. Surface treatment results are confirmed by XPS and contact angle testing, while bonding forces between different layers were measured for better understanding of the transferring process. We have also designed and fabricated a few simple types of 3D PDMS chip, especially one consisting of 6 thin layers (each with thickness of 50 mum), to demonstrate the potential utilization of this technique. 3D fluorescence images were taken by a confocal microscope to illustrate the spatial characters of essential parts. This fabrication method is confirmed to be fast, simple, repeatable, low cost and possible to be mechanized for mass production.