gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Detection and clinical significance of serum antibody to ribosomal P protein in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. (2005)

There is correlation between anti-P antibody level with renal and CNS lesions in SLE patients.
Fluoride bioavailability after intravenous and oral administration: Importance of renal clearance and urine flow (1978)

Fluoride (3 mg) was administered as a continous intravenous infusion during 30 min to 6 healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of fluoride in these experiments were compared with those obtained following oral administration of 2.82 mg, 4.50 mg, 5.64 mg, and 9.40 mg in the form of tablets and capsules. There were large day-to-day variations in the renal clearance of fluoride. This was shown to be due to differences in the urinary flow, an increase in flow causing an increase in renal clearance. The mean value of renal clearance from all experiments was 66.2 +/- 27.8 (SD; n = 16) ml/min. The extrarenal clearance, suggested to represent mainly the clearance to the bone pool, showed less interindividual variation: mean 110.3 +/- 32.3 (SD; n = 6) ml/min; the fraction remaining in the bone pool was highly consistent: 0.579 +/- 0.049 (SD; n = 6). When apparrent bioavailability was calculated from plasma and from urinary data, there was a great intra- and intersubject variation, as well as poor agreement between the two methods of calculations. This was found to be due to the day-to-day variation in renal clearance, which, in turn, varied with urinary flow. By use of equations that corrected for these variations, it was found that the bioavailability of sodium fluoride tablets is approximately 100%.
Stretchable Materials for Robust Soft Actuators towards Assistive Wearable Devices (2016)

Soft actuators made from elastomeric active materials can find widespread potential implementation in a variety of applications ranging from assistive wearable technologies targeted at biomedical rehabilitation or assistance with activities of daily living, bioinspired and biomimetic systems, to gripping and manipulating fragile objects, and adaptable locomotion. In this manuscript, we propose a novel two-component soft actuator design and design tool that produces actuators targeted towards these applications with enhanced mechanical performance and manufacturability. Our numerical models developed using the finite element method can predict the actuator behavior at large mechanical strains to allow efficient design iterations for system optimization. Based on two distinctive actuator prototypes' (linear and bending actuators) experimental results that include free displacement and blocked-forces, we have validated the efficacy of the numerical models. The presented extensive investigation of mechanical performance for soft actuators with varying geometric parameters demonstrates the practical application of the design tool, and the robustness of the actuator hardware design, towards diverse soft robotic systems for a wide set of assistive wearable technologies, including replicating the motion of several parts of the human body.
Functional anion concept: effect of fluorine anion on hydrogen storage of sodium alanate (2006)

Doping NaAlH(4) with Ti-catalyst has produced a promising hydrogen storage system that can be reversibly operated at moderate temperature conditions. Of the various dopant precursors, TiCl(3) was well recognized due to its pronounced catalytic effect on the reversible dehydrogenation processes of sodium aluminium hydrides. Quite recently we experimentally found that TiF(3) was even better than TiCl(3) in terms of the critical hydrogen storage properties of the doped hydrides, in particular the dehydriding performance at Na(3)AlH(6)/NaH + Al step at moderate temperature. We present here the DFT calculation results of the TiF(3) or TiCl(3) doped Na(3)AlH(6). Our computational studies have demonstrated that F(-) and Cl(-) anions differ substantially from each other with regard to the state and function in the doped sodium aluminium hydride. In great contrast to the case of chloride doping where Cl(-) anion constitutes the "dead weight" NaCl, the fluoride doping results in a substitution of H(-) by F(-) anion in the hydride lattice and accordingly, a favorable thermodynamics adjustment. These results well explain the observed dehydriding performance associated with TiF(3)/TiCl(3)-doping. More significantly, the coupled computational and experimental efforts allow us to put forward a "functional anion" concept. This renews the current mechanism understanding in the catalytically enhanced sodium alanate.
The Putative Natural Killer Decoy Early Gene<i>m04</i>(gp34) of Murine Cytomegalovirus Encodes an Antigenic Peptide Recognized by Protective Antiviral CD8 T Cells (2000)

Several early genes of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encode proteins that mediate immune evasion by interference with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway of antigen presentation to cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Specifically, the m152 gene product gp37/40 causes retention of MHC-I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment. Lack of MHC-I on the cell surface should activate natural killer (NK) cells recognizing the "missing self." The retention, however, is counteracted by the m04 early gene product gp34, which binds to folded MHC-I molecules in the ER and directs the complex to the cell surface. It was thus speculated that gp34 might serve to silence NK cells and thereby complete the immune evasion of MCMV. In light of these current views, we provide here results demonstrating an in vivo role for gp34 in protective antiviral immunity. We have identified an antigenic nonapeptide derived from gp34 and presented by the MHC-I molecule D(d). Besides the immunodominant immediate-early nonapeptide consisting of IE1 amino acids 168-176 (IE1(168-176)), the early nonapeptide m04(243-251) is the second antigenic peptide described for MCMV. The primary immune response to MCMV generates significant m04-specific CD8 T-cell memory. Upon adoptive transfer into immunodeficient recipients, an m04-specific CTL line controls MCMV infection with an efficacy comparable to that of an IE1-specific CTL line. Thus, gp34 is the first noted early protein of MCMV that escapes viral immune evasion mechanisms. These data document that MCMV is held in check by a redundance of protective CD8 T cells recognizing antigenic peptides in different phases of viral gene expression.
Synthesis of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> and CuInGaSe<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles by Solvothermal Route (2004)

Chalcopyrite CuInSe 2 (CIS) and CuInGaSe 2</sub(CIGS) nanoparticles were directly synthesized by a solvothemal route in an autoclave with alkylamine as a solvent. The rod-like CIS nanoparticles with widths of 5-10 nm and lengths of 10-30 nm were obtained at 180°C for 36 hour whereas spherical nanoparticles with diameter in the range of 10-80 nm were observed at 200- 250 °C for 36 hour. A morphology change from spherical to rod-like CIS nanoparticles was observed at 190 °C as reaction time increased from 36 to 60 hour. The formation of the rod-like nanoparticles in diethylamine, without double N-chelation, was explained by the SLS (Solution- Liquid-Solid) mechanism. Spherical CIGS nanoparticles with diameter in the range of 30-80 nm were obtained in ethylenediamine at 280 °C for 14 hour. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM).
Mass correlated acceleration in a reflectron MALDI TOF mass spectrometer: an approach for enhanced resolution over a broad mass range (2002)

Compared to continuous extraction, pulsed extraction (PE) of ions formed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers significantly improves mass resolution. Parameters such as extraction voltage, delay time, and correction pulse must be varied, however, to achieve optimum mass resolution over a broad mass range because the PE method is mass dependent. We previously reported a novel method, mass correlated acceleration (MCA), which we have now combined with a reflectron MALDI TOF mass spectrometer to further enhance mass resolution over a broader mass range. Unlike the PE method, MCA is not mass dependent and high resolution mass spectra can be achieved with a single tuning of instrument parameters. The ions may be brought into focus simultaneously, i.e., the multi-channel recording advantage can be more fully realized. The MCA dual-stage ion source design includes an extraction pulse region and an acceleration region that contains a time-dependent waveform correlated with mass. We demonstrate the validity of this novel technique with applications in peptide mixture analysis and protein digests of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin.
Relaxor-normal ferroelectric transition in tetragonal-rich field of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3 system (1995)

The possibility of the existence of a spontaneous relaxor-normal ferroelectric transition was proposed and examined using Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3 (PNN-PT-PZ) pseudoternary system across the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). On cooling, the PNN-PT-PZ system in the tetragonal-rich side of the MPB underwent a spontaneous transition from a relaxor to a normal ferroelectric state. This observation was explained in terms of a thermally driven transformation from an ensemble of polar microregions to normal long-range ferroelectric domains (micro-macrodomain switching). The relaxor-normal ferroelectric transition was further correlated with the rhombohedral-tetragonal first-order phase transition. Increasing the relative content of PbZrO3 enhanced dielectric dispersion characteristics but weakened the extent of relaxor-normal transition. This observation was explained by the enhanced 1:1 Nb-Zr short-range ordering and the breaking of the translational invariance of the ferroelectrically active BO6 octahedra with increasing content of PbZrO3.
An efficient carburetor design using electronic fuel injection for small vehicles based on 110 cc self start 4 stroke engine (2014)

The design of an engine carburetor is traditionally based on a mechanical device that uses a shutter to control the amount of fuel intake. The fuel is mixed with air to form fuel mixture that is burnt in engine cylinders. This approach has several inherent issues. First, the shutter opening is controlled by creating a vacuum that results in required amount of fuel injected into carburetor chamber. As the speed of a vehicle increases by pressing accelerator, more fuel is required in the carburetor chamber. The rate of increase in fuel cannot be accurately calculated by a mechanical device. Second, the amount of air intake results in an imbalance in fuel mixture ratio. Third, the carburetor's efficiency degrades with age, resulting poor fuel efficiency. This paper proposes EFI for small vehicles. A test case was developed for a two-wheel motor-bike by using an ARDUINO board. The proposed solution was implemented in the engine of motor-bike with minor changes in the carburetor. The cost was quite comparable with mechanical carburetor, and the results were quite promising.
Transverse modes of plane-mirror waveguide resonators (1988)

The author examines what familiar first-order theory predicts about plane-plane resonator behavior, stressing the similarities and differences between circular-bore and square-bore devices. The effects of moving a mirror away from the guide are discussed, and illustrated with novel results for the modes and losses of single-guide and U-folded designs with square bores. It appears that laser performance cannot be accurately predicted by previous treatments which use only a few (1-3) waveguide nodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A System for Tracking and Recognizing Multiple People with Multiple Camera (1998)

In this paper we present a robust real-time method for tracking and recognizing multiple people with multiple cameras. Our method uses both static and Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras to provide visual attention. The PTZ camera system uses face recognition to register people in the scene and ``lock-on'' to those individuals. The static camera system provides a global view of the environment and is used to re-adjust the tracking of the system when the PTZ cameras lose their targets. The system works well even when people occlude one another. The underlying visual processes rely on color segmentation, movement tracking and shape information to locate target candidates. Color indexing and face recognition modules help register these candidates with the system.
Multidivergent‐beam stationary cardiac SPECT (2009)

This article develops a stationary cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system using a novel multidivergent-beam collimator. This stationary SPECT system is inexpensive to build, small, and able to acquire true dynamic SPECT data. Stationary cardiac SPECT systems with multipinhole technology already exist. The proposed approach is to replace the multipinhole collimators with the originally designed multidivergent-beam collimators. The motivation for replacing the pinhole technology by divergent-beam technology is based on the following facts. The resolution/sensitivity trade-off for the pinhole is excellent (good resolution and good sensitivity) only in small object (e.g., small animal) imaging when it operates in the image magnifying mode. However, in large object (e.g., human) imaging, the resolution/sensitivity trade-off is poor (poor resolution and poor sensitivity) when the pinhole operates in the image reducing mode. In a stationary system, the number of angular views is limited; thus, image reduction is necessary to obtain more view angles. In this image reducing situation, divergent-beam collimation is able to provide better resolution and detection sensitivity than pinhole collimation. Computer simulations are carried out to verified the claims.
Evaluation of in vitro storage properties of prestorage pooled whole blood–derived platelets suspended in 100 percent plasma and treated with amotosalen and long‐wavelength ultraviolet light (2009)

PCT of leukoreduced PLT pools of whole blood-derived PLTs in 100 percent plasma maintained adequate PLT in vitro variables through 5 days of storage.
CW operation of GaInAsP stripe lasers (1981)

A quantitative investigation of the constraints on dc operation of GaInAsP stripe-geometry lasers at room temperature and above has been made. Laser pulse threshold current, its temperature sensitivity, electrical series resistance, and the thermal resistance of the bonded device are critical parameters in this respect. Sets of theoretical curves have been generated that allow expected de thresholds to be determined from the value of the pulsed threshold. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the expressions. For GaInAsP lasers, the low values of T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> reported in the literature (47-80 K) imply that both electrical series resistance and thermal resistance must be minimized in order to obtain stable dc operation over a reasonable temperature range in conventional oxide or proton isolated stripe structures. Both parameters are calculated theoretically for a range of structures. The calculations show that thermal runaway is sensitive to electrical resistance in the range <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-10 \Omega</tex> this suggests an area where improvements are possible. To this end, the use of tunneling Schottky contacts to a ternary InGaAs p-capping layer has been developed to minimize contact resistance.
A MUTANT GENOTYPE OF FLAX (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.) CONTAINING VERY LOW LEVELS OF LINOLENIC ACID IN ITS SEED OIL (1986)

Two flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) mutants having reduced linolenic acid content in their seed oil (M1589 = 19.1% linolenic; M1722 = 23.4% linolenic) were crossed to determine whether further reductions could be achieved by recombination of the mutant genes. Extensive transgressive segregation was evident in the F 2 for both linolenic acid (1.2–36.6%) and linoleic acid (14.7–55.2%), which were strongly negatively correlated (r = −0.97). F 2 plants homozygous for both the M1589 and M1722 mutations had very low levels of linolenic acid (<2%) and high levels of linoleic acid (>46%).Key words: Flax, linseed, Linum usitatissimum, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, seed oil
A Phototube for Dye Image Sound Track<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J11834">*</xref>--> (1946)

In view of the use of dye image sound track on new-type color film, a phototube has been developed with characteristics suitable for sound reproduction from these films as well as from ordinary silver tracks. It is a gas-filled, high-sensitivity phototube for use in standard reproducing equipment. The maximum spectral response occurs in the blue blue-green region of the spectrum. Details of construction, sensitivity, characteristic curves, spectral response, frequency response, and life are presented.
EDFA noise figure degradation caused by amplifiedsignal double Rayleigh scattering in erbium dopedfibres (1994)

For the first time, an EDFA noise figure increase caused by amplified signal double Rayleigh scattering in erbium doped fibres has been measured. The results can be explained by a model that takes into account incoherent and coherent mixing of the directly and doubly backscattered fraction of the signal light.
Linear electro-optic effects in polymer-dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystals (1992)

We demonstrate that ferroelectric liquid crystals are suitable for application in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) displays. The alignment of the liquid crystal can be controlled by mechanical shear during the polymerization-induced phase separation between the liquid crystal and the UV-curable adhesive which forms the polymer matrix. Helical unwinding in the smectic SmC phase and the electroclinic effect in the smectic SmA phase have been found in these samples. Both effects lead to a rotation of the optical axis in the plane perpendicular to the electric field. Switching times are of the order 100 μs.
NEUTROPHIL APOPTOSIS IS DELAYED IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (2000)

Delayed neutrophil apoptosis is a feature of persistent acute inflammation. Neutrophil-mediated damage has been shown to be associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Persistence of these cells both at the colonic site and circulation may further contribute to IBD. The aims of this study were to determine whether neutrophils isolated from IBD patients delay apoptosis and to investigate possible mechanisms involved in this delay. We studied 20 patients with IBD, 13 with Crohn's disease, and 7 with ulcerative colitis, all of whom were undergoing intestinal resection for symptomatic disease. Seventeen patients undergoing elective resection of colon cancer acted as operative controls. Systemic, mesenteric arterial, and mesenteric venous blood was harvested. Neutrophils isolated from patients with IBD showed decreased spontaneous apoptosis compared to cancer patients. Mesenteric venous serum of IBD patients contributed to this delay, which contained higher concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Pro-caspase 3 expression was also reduced in IBD neutrophils, which may contribute to decreased spontaneous and Fas antibody-induced apoptosis. Neutrophil apoptosis may be altered in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis through release of anti-apoptotic cytokines and altered caspase expression. The alterations in cell death mechanisms may lead to persistence of the inflammatory response associated with IBD.
Meseratch Zecharias, 1945-1996 (1997)

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Hematologic Toxicity of AZT and ddC Administered as Single Agents and in Combination to Rats and Mice (1991)

Hematologic Toxicity of AZT and ddC Administered as Single Agents and in Combination to Rats and Mice. THOMPSON, M. B., DUNNICK, J. K.., SUTPHIN, M. E., GILES, H. D., IRWIN, R. D., AND PREJEAN, J. D. (1991). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 17, 159-176. Toxicity studies of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC) were conducted in F344/N rats and B6C3F, mice. The drugs were administered as single agents and in combination. In all studies, animals were treated by oral gavage twice a day, 7 days a week. In studies of the individual compounds, each was administered for 13 weeks at the following concentrations; AZT in rats, 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg and in mice, 0, 25, 50, 100, 400, 1000 mg/kg; ddC in rats and mice, 0, 250, 1000, 2000 mg/kg. Additional male rats and female mice that were treated with 0, 250, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg ddC and male and female mice treated with 0, 50, 400, 1000 mg/kg AZT were maintained for 30 days after treatment was stopped (at 94 days) to evaluate the reversibility of toxic effects. Hematologic variables were measured on Days 5, 23, and 94 (last day of dosing), and on Day 123 (after a 30-day period without treatment). AZT and ddC produced dose-related, poorly regenerative, macrocytic anemias as evidenced by decreases in erythrocyte counts, he-matocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations and increases in mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. Bone marrow samples in rats treated with AZT were hyperplastic whereas those in mice treated with AZT and rats and mice treated with ddC were hypoplastic. The hematologic toxicity of AZT was more severe than that of ddC. Generally, toxic effects of either chemical were greater in mice than in rats and more pronounced in female than in male animals. After 30 days without dosing, hematologic effects either resolved or dramatically improved. In studies in which ddC and AZT were administered in combination for 4 weeks at concentrations of 0/0, 0/500, 500/0, 10/500, 100/500, 500/500, and 500/1000 mg/kg ddC/AZT, there was macrocytic anemia in animals in the lower doses and marked microcytic anemia in surviving male mice in higher dose groups. Most female mice died in the 500/500 and 500/1000 mg/kg ddC/ AZT dose groups. At lower concentrations (100/500, 500/1000 mg/kg ddC/AZT), effects of the two drugs were similar to those in the single drug studies. At higher concentrations (500/500 and 500/1000 mg/kg ddC/AZT), the combination treatment produced enhanced hematopoietic toxicity. These studies demonstrated the early and progressive time course of toxicity of AZT and ddC, species differences in sensitivities and responses, and reversibility of effects after termination of treatment. Based on these findings, a chronic toxicity study is being conducted with AZT in mice.