gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy utilizing Fisher‐based feature selection combined with Support Vector Machines for the characterization of breast cell lines (2013)

Raman spectroscopy has the potential to significantly aid in the research and diagnosis of cancer. The information dense, complex spectra generate massive datasets in which subtle correlations may provide critical clues for biological analysis and pathological classification. Therefore, implementing advanced data mining techniques is imperative for complete, rapid and accurate spectral processing. Numerous recent studies have employed various data methods to Raman spectra for classification and biochemical analysis. Although, as Raman datasets from biological specimens are often characterized by high dimensionality and low sample numbers, many of these classification models are subject to overfitting. Furthermore, attempts to reduce dimensionality result in transformed feature spaces making the biological evaluation of significant and discriminative spectral features problematic. We have developed a novel data mining framework optimized for Raman datasets, called Fisher‐based Feature Selection Support Vector Machines (FFS‐SVM). This framework provides simultaneous supervised classification and user‐defined Fisher criterion‐based feature selection, reducing overfitting and directly yielding significant wavenumbers from the original feature space. Herein, we investigate five cancerous and non‐cancerous breast cell lines using Raman microspectroscopy and our unique FFS‐SVM framework. Our framework classification performance is then compared to several other frequently employed classification methods on four classification tasks. The four tasks were constructed by an unsupervised clustering method yielding the four different categories of cell line groupings (e.g. cancer vs non‐cancer) studied. FFS‐SVM achieves both high classification accuracies and the extraction of biologically significant features. The top ten most discriminative features are discussed in terms of cell‐type specific biological relevance. Our framework provides comprehensive cellular level characterization and could potentially lead to the discovery of cancer biomarker‐type information, which we have informally termed ‘Raman‐based spectral biomarkers’. The FFS‐SVM framework along with Raman spectroscopy will be used in future studies to investigate in‐situ dynamic biological phenomena. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Isomorphic Development of Insurance (2007)

In insurance industry, difference companies come to share similar technological bases of process. They not only share the same financial knowledge, but also utilize similar actuarial techniques to design products and assess insurable risks. This paper proposed an approach to look at the phenomenon of isomorphism of technological development in insurance. The result of this research also found the technological isomorphism in insurance already occurs. The contribution of this paper is to introduce the social network analysis into patent citations to foresee the technological development.
Assessment of Analytical Reproducibility of <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectroscopy Based Metabonomics for Large-Scale Epidemiological Research:  the INTERMAP Study (2006)

Large-scale population phenotyping for molecular epidemiological studies is subject to all the usual criteria of analytical chemistry. As part of a major phenotyping investigation we have used high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy to characterize 24-h urine specimens obtained from population samples in Aito Town, Japan (n = 259), Chicago, IL (n = 315), and Guangxi, China (n = 278). We have investigated analytical reproducibility, urine specimen storage procedures, interinstrument variability, and split specimen detection. Our data show that the multivariate analytical reproducibility of the NMR screening platform was >98% and that most classification errors were due to urine specimen handling inhomogeneity. Differences in metabolite profiles were then assessed for Aito Town, Chicago, and Guangxi population samples; novel combinations of biomarkers were detected that separated the population samples. These cross-population differences in urinary metabolites could be related to genetic, dietary, and gut microbial factors.
Extracting Meaning from Abbreviated Identifiers (2007)

Informative identifiers are made up of full (natural language) words and (meaningful) abbreviations. Readers of programs typically have little trouble understanding the purpose of identifiers composed of full words. In addition, those familiar with the code can (most often) determine the meaning of abbreviations used in identifiers. However, when faced with unfamiliar code, abbreviations often carry little useful information. Furthermore, tools that focus on the natural language used in the code have a hard time in the presence of abbreviations. One approach to providing meaning to programmers and tools is to translate (expand) abbreviations into full words. This paper presents a methodology for expanding identifiers and evaluates the process on a code based of just over 35 million lines of code. For example, using phrase extraction, <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fs_exists</b> is expanded to <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">file_status_exists</b> illustrating how the expansion process can facilitate comprehension. On average, 16 percent of the identifiers in a program are expanded. Finally, as an example application, the approach is used to improve the syntactic identification of violations to Deissenbock and Pizka's rules for concise and consistent identifier construction.
First-principles study of migration mechanisms and diffusion of oxygen in zinc oxide (2006)

We have performed density-functional theory calculations in conjunction with the climbing image nudged elastic band method in order to study the self-diffusion of oxygen in zinc oxide. To this end, we have derived the complete set of migration paths for vacancies as well as interstitials in wurtzite crystals and deduced expressions which provide the link to experimentally accessible tracer diffusion coefficients. The calculated migration barriers are consistent with annealing experiments on irradiated samples. We find that vacancy and interstitialcy mechanisms dominate under zinc and oxygen-rich conditions, respectively. This refutes the belief that vacancy mechanisms can be operational in experiments in oxygen-rich atmosphere. Our results provide the basis for the (re-)interpretation of diffusion experiments, and pave the way towards the development of reliable continuum models for device simulation.
Alternative splicing may contribute to time-dependent manifestation of inherited erythromelalgia (2010)

The Na(v)1.7 sodium channel is preferentially expressed in nocioceptive dorsal root ganglion and sympathetic ganglion neurons. Gain-of-function mutations in Na(v)1.7 produce the nocioceptor hyperexcitability underlying inherited erythromelalgia, characterized in most kindreds by early-age onset of severe pain. Here we describe a mutation (Na(v)1.7-G616R) in a pedigree with adult-onset of pain in some family members. The mutation shifts the voltage-dependence of channel fast-inactivation in a depolarizing direction in the adult-long, but not in the neonatal-short splicing isoform of Na(v)1.7 in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Altered inactivation does not depend on the age of the dorsal root ganglion neurons in which the mutant is expressed. Expression of the mutant adult-long, but not the mutant neonatal-short, isoform of Na(v)1.7 renders dorsal root ganglion neurons hyperexcitable, reducing the current threshold for generation of action potentials, increasing spontaneous activity and increasing the frequency of firing in response to graded suprathreshold stimuli. This study shows that a change in relative expression of splice isoforms can contribute to time-dependent manifestation of the functional phenotype of a sodium channelopathy.
On Five- vs Six-membered Diacetal Formation from Threitol and the Intermediacy of Unusually Stable Protonated Species<sup>1</sup> (2000)

The long known, but hitherto poorly understood, thermodynamically controlled diacetalation of rac-threitol with alkylaldehydes provided bicyclic, cis-tetraoxadecalin (TOD) ("66") and bi(dioxolanyl) (BDO) ("55") products, shown to be formed in acid-concentration and temperature-dependent ratio. The configurational and conformational isomeric diacetals obtained in four such reactions of substituted aldehydes (RCHO, R = CH(3), CH(2)Cl, CH(2)Br, CO(2)CH(3)) with rac-threitol were isolated and characterized. A variable acid-concentration analysis of the equilibrium mixture of products in one such case (R = CH(2)Br) was performed and provided equilibrium constants and, hence, free-energy differences among these products and their relatively stable protonated intermediates. The latter were rationalized by the unusually high proton-affinity calculated for the cis-TOD ("66") form.
Predicting impact damage of composite stiffened panels (2000)

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of the complex nature of low velocity impact damage in fabricated structures made of laminated carbon-epoxy composites. The structures chosen are stiffened compression panels since these are the most vulnerable to delamination and debonding. Four ‘top-hat’ stiffened panels were tested and predicted using a dynamic finite element code. The panels all had considerable postbuckling strength so the impact sites were carefully chosen to inflict maximum loss of strength. It was shown that the threshold energy for onset of delamination can be predicted using a dynamic finite element code. The amount of delamination or debonding is also predicted using a crude strength-based criterion, which seems to work only because the maximum impact force is a transient phenomenon of short duration.
Reactions of Nitrogen Dioxide and Organic Compounds in Air (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Nitrogen Dioxide and Organic Compounds in AirEdgar R. Stephens, Philip L. Hanst, Robert C. Doerr, and William E. ScottCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 9, 1498–1504Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51400a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51400a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views515Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
WHAT KIND OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY? (1984)

The subject of industrial policy in the United States has taken on something of a Rorschach quality of late, in whose ink blots people perceive their fondest hopes and direst fears. Organized labor, many Democrats and liberals, and a fair sampling of business leaders see it as a primary means of reestablishing U.S. industrial pre‐eminence. Many conservatives and professional economists view it as a misguided assault on the free market. Some left‐leaning intellectuals perceive it as a means of maintaining the hegemony of business, labor, and government elites. Lost in the ideological shuffle is a description of what U.S. industrial policy is coming to be, and a set of practical steps to improve it.
Combining clustering and a decision tree classifier in a forecasting task (2010)

A joint analysis of continuous (time series demand observations) and discrete (well-describing parameters) data is studied. Such data mining techniques as data collection, preprocessing, clustering analysis, and classification are considered. Upon continuous data preprocessing and clustering, images of possible sales development are constructed. A new product’s demand is searched for using inductive decision trees built on well-describing data.
Geschwindigkeits- und Durchflußmessung mit optoelektronischen Bauelementen / Velocity and flowrate measurements using opto-electronic devices (1985)

Article Geschwindigkeits- und Durchflußmessung mit optoelektronischen Bauelementen / Velocity and flowrate measurements using opto-electronic devices was published on June 1, 1985 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 52, issue 6).
FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE (1969)

TREY, C.; LIPWORTH, L.; CHALMERS, T. C.; DAVIDSON, C. S.; GOTTLIEB, L. S.; POPPER, H.; SAUNDERS, S. Author Information
Electronic conductivity in Berlin green and Prussian blue (2011)

We report the temperature dependent (100--300 K) conductivity of Berlin green and Prussian blue powders. The method of electronic conduction in vacuum dried Berlin green is identified as hopping of localized electrons and vacuum dried Prussian blue is reaffirmed as an insulator. The assignment of the conduction mechanism is based upon fits to the experimental data, and the different conductivities of the two samples can be understood in terms of both molecular and simple crystalline energy levels of the solids.
[New derivatives of phenothiazines with anticancer activities]. (2009)

Phenothiazines belong to the oldest group of neuroleptic drugs. These compounds exhibit neuroleptic, antipsychotic and sedative properties. Recently, syntheses and promising biological activities of new phenothiazine derivatives have been reported. This review surveys the research on the anticancer phenothiazine derivatives.
Structure and biological properties of solubilized envelope proteins of Bordetella pertussis (1983)

The structure and biological properties of solubilized envelope proteins of Bordetella pertussis have been examined. Several envelope proteins were found to be specific for phase I strains of B. pertussis and could be isolated by selective detergent extraction. These proteins had molecular weights of 90,000, 86,000, 81,000, 33,000, 31,000, and 30,000 and were reduced or absent in envelope preparations from Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella parapertussis, or phase IV strains of B. pertussis. When the envelope preparations from phase I B. pertussis were assayed in the mouse intracerebral protection test they were found to be highly protective, and there was a strong correlation between the protective potency and the lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) content of different preparations. Treatment with glutaraldehyde reduced the LPF activity, toxicity, and protective potency of the envelope extracts. Similarly affinity chromatography of envelope proteins on columns of haptoglobin coupled to Sepharose 4B reduced both the LPF content and the protective potency. The addition of a small amount of purified LPF to the haptoglobin-treated proteins restored the protective potency. The LPF by itself was nonprotective, indicating a potentiating role of LPF in the mouse intracerebral challenge test.
Multi-functional, electrically small, metamaterial-inspired, near-field resonant parasitic antennas (2010)

Electrically small antennas continue to be a critical enabling technology for many wireless applications. The design, fabrication, and testing of a variety of metamaterial-inspired near-field resonant parasitic antenna systems have demonstrated that they can meet many of the performance demands for those applications, including high efficiency, broad bandwidth, and multi-functionality. Several of these multi-functional designs, their operating characteristics, and experimental confirmation of their predicted behaviors will be reviewed.
Directed dialogue protocols: verbal data for user interface design (1989)

The development of an interface design tool called “directed dialogue protocols” is discussed. The tool is based upon Kato's (1986) method of verbal data collection, “question-asking protocols.” Three extensions to the question-asking method are detailed: 1) an experimental procedure of atomic tasks which facilitate the quantization of verbal data; 2) interventions by the experimenter that probe the subject's expectations and prompt verbalizations; and 3) a technique for answering subject queries called sequential disclosure. Also discussed are applications of the directed dialogue that have identified design choices which build learnability and usability into a product's user-interface.
P/sup 2/ codes: pragmatic trellis codes utilizing punctured convolutional codes (2002)

A pragmatic approach to trellis codes is described whereby the core of the trellis decoder is a Viterbi decoder for punctured versions of the de facto standard, rate 1/2, 64, convolutional code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trends in Gene Expression Profiling for Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review (2017)

The last 15 years of research in gene expression in PCa have brought a large volume of data and information that has been decoded only in part, but advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology are increasing the amount of data that can be generated. The variety of findings warrants the execution of both validation studies and meta-analyses. Genetic biomarkers have tremendous potential for early diagnosis of PCa and, if coupled with other diagnostics (e.g., imaging), can effectively be used to concretize less-invasive, personalized prediction of PCa risk and progression.
The Drosophila fused lobes Gene Encodes an N-Acetylglucosaminidase Involved in N-Glycan Processing (2005)

Most processed, e.g. fucosylated, N-glycans on insect glycoproteins terminate in mannose, yet the relevant modifying enzymes require the prior action of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. This led to the hypothesis that a hexosaminidase acts during the course of N-glycan maturation. To determine whether the Drosophila melanogaster genome indeed encodes such an enzyme, a cDNA corresponding to fused lobes (fdl), a putative beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase with a potential transmembrane domain, was cloned. When expressed in Pichia pastoris, the enzyme exhibited a substrate specificity similar to that previously described for a hexosaminidase activity from Sf-9 cells, i.e. it hydrolyzed exclusively the GlcNAc residue attached to the alpha1,3-linked mannose of the core pentasaccharide of N-glycans. It also hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminide, but not chitooligosaccharides; in contrast, Drosophila HEXO1 and HEXO2 expressed in Pichia cleaved both these substrates but not N-glycans. The localization of recombinant FDL tagged with green fluorescent protein in Drosophila S2 cells by immunoelectron microscopy showed that this enzyme transits through the Golgi, is present on the plasma membrane and in multivesicular bodies, and is secreted. Finally, the N-glycans of two lines of fdl mutant flies were analyzed by mass spectrometry and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of structures with terminal GlcNAc over those without (i.e. paucimannosidic N-glycans) was drastically increased in the fdl-deficient flies. Therefore, we conclude that the fdl gene encodes a novel hexosaminidase responsible for the occurrence of paucimannosidic N-glycans in Drosophila.
A single anti-microRNA antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (AMO) targeting multiple microRNAs offers an improved approach for microRNA interference (2009)

Anti-miRNA antisense inhibitors (AMOs) have demonstrated their utility in miRNA research and potential in miRNA therapy. Here we report a modified AMO approach in which multiple antisense units are engineered into a single unit that is able to simultaneously silence multiple-target miRNAs, the multiple-target AMO or MTg-AMO. We validated the technique with two separate MTg-AMOs: anti-miR-21/anti-miR-155/anti-miR-17-5p and anti-miR-1/anti-miR-133. We first verified the ability of the MTg-AMOs to antagonize the repressive actions of their target miRNAs using luciferase reporter activity assays and to specifically knock down the levels of their target miRNAs using real-time RT-PCR methods. We then used the MTg-AMO approach to identify several tumor suppressors-TGFBI, APC and BCL2L11 as the target genes for oncogenic miR-21, miR-155 and miR-17-5p, respectively, and two cardiac ion channel genes HCN2 (encoding a subunit of cardiac pacemaker channel) and CACNA1C (encoding the alpha-subunit of cardiac L-type Ca(2+) channel) for the muscle-specific miR-1 and miR-133. We further demonstrated that the MTg-AMO targeting miR-21, miR-155 and miR-17-5p produced a greater inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth, compared with the regular single-target AMOs. Moreover, while using the regular single-target AMOs excluded HCN2 as a target gene for either miR-1 or miR-133, the MTg-AMO approach is able to reveal HCN2 as the target for both miR-1 and miR-133. Our findings suggest the MTg-AMO as an improved approach for miRNA target finding and for studying function of miRNAs. This approach may find its broad application for exploring biological processes involving multiple miRNAs and multiple genes.
Free market solution to poverty (2012)

Over the past two decades, much has been made of so-called 'market-based' solution to extreme poverty.
The Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>Levels in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis (2013)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00997178.
Thin film GaAs solar cells on glass substrates by epitaxial liftoff (1997)

In this work, we describe the fabrication and operating characteristics of GaAs/AlGaAs thin film solar cells processed by the epitaxial liftoff (ELO) technique. This technique allows the transfer of these cells onto glass substrates. The performance of the lifted-off solar cell is demonstrated by means of electrical measurements under both dark and illuminated conditions. We have also optimized the light trapping conditions in this direct-gap material. The results show that good solar absorption is possible in active layers as thin as 0.32 μm. In such a thin solar cell, the open circuit voltage would be enhanced. We believe that the combination of an epitaxial liftoff thin GaAs film, and nano-texturing can lead to record breaking performance.
Gemcitabine Pharmacogenomics: Cytidine Deaminase and Deoxycytidylate Deaminase Gene Resequencing and Functional Genomics (2006)

These results suggest that pharmacogenomic variation in the deamination of gemcitabine and its monophosphate might contribute to variation in therapeutic response to this antineoplastic agent.