gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrogenic cytokines and connective tissue production (1994)

The pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders is similar regardless of the tissues involved. Inflammatory leukocytes infiltrate the site triggered by chemotactic and activating mediators. This is followed by the elaboration of cytokines that directly and indirectly induce the proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells and the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). In the absence of inhibitory signals, the continued production of these mediators sustains the connective tissue accumulation, which results in permanent alteration in tissue structure and function.
The Generation of Vortices in Fluids of Small Viscosity (1927)

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1.58-μm band gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for WDM transmission systems (1999)

This paper describes the amplification characteristics of gain-flattened Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) by using 0.98-/spl mu/m and 1.48-/spl mu/m band pumping for a 1.58-/spl mu/m band WDM signal. Silica-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber (S-EDF) and fluoride-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber (F-EDF) have gain-flattened wavelength ranges from 1570 to 1600 nm and from 1565 to 1600 nm, respectively, and exhibit uniform gain characteristics with gain excursions of 0.7 and 1.0 dB, and the figure of merit of the gain flatness (gain excursion/average signal gain) of 3 and 4.3%, respectively, for an eight-channel signal in the 1.58-/spl mu/m band. We show that 1.48-/spl mu/m band pumping has a better quantum conversion efficiency and gain coefficient, and that 0.98-/spl mu/m band pumping is effective for improving the noise characteristics. We also show that the EDFAs consisting of two cascaded amplification units pumped in the 0.98-/spl mu/m and 1.48-/spl mu/m bands are effective in constructing low-noise and high-gain 1.58-/spl mu/m band amplifiers.
Machine learning approach for turbulence forecasting using support vector machine (2020)

Abstract The turbulence can be expressed as small-scale, short term and frequent change to the velocity of air. The turbulence forecasting in the atmospheric boundary layer is very influenced by gradient Richardson number values. In this case, we use the data set were retrieved from Indonesia Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics in synoptic hour 0000H. In particular, our methods will use Richardson number value and machine learning approaches by using a support vector machine to forecast the Richardson number value and identification the stability of the layer based on the turbulence forecasting. The results will be practically beneficial as utilities can use the predicted values to generate an adequate amount of Richardson number value to avoid grid outages as well as construct dynamic pricing schemes based upon future turbulence.
Metabolism of Benthiocarb (4-Chlorobenzyl N, N-Diethylthiolcarbamate) in Mice (1973)

Benthiocarb labeled at benzyl methylene group with carbon-14 was synthesized and studied on the distribution, excretion and metabolism in white mice. Benthiocarb was rapidly translocated into organs after oral administration. Radioactive substances were also rapidly eliminated mainly into urine, slightly into feces and little into expiration. Major metabolites in urine were identified as 4-chlorohippuric and 4-chlorobenzoic acids, and small amounts of glucuronides of the latter acid and 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol were detected. Benthiocarb was degraded in liver homogenates, in which the microsomal fraction showed the largest activity, and the degradation was accelerated by reduced NADP as the cofactor for the reaction. N-Desethylbenthiocarb, bis(4-chlorobenzyl) mono- and di-sulfides, and 4-chlorobenzoic acid were identified in the incubation mixture of the liver homogenates. The main metabolic pathway in mice seemed to be as follows; parent benthiocarb and/or the N-desethylbentiocarb were hydrolyzed, and the produced 4-chlorobenzylmercaptan presumed to be oxidized finally to 4-chlorobenzoic acid, which then conjugated with glycine to produce 4-chlorohippuric acid.
A parametric study of power MOSFETs (1979)

The theoretical limitations of V-grooved and double-diffused power MOSFETs are studied using several design parameters as variables. The results are used to gauge the performance of currently available power MOSFETs and to project the capabilities of future devices. With proper design, the channel resistance can be negligible so that the on-state resistance is that of the bulk material (~8.3xl0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dsB</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.5</sup> Ω.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) plus the lead resistance. A transmission line effect associated with long resistive gate electrodes could limit the speed of certain devices. Devices with the capability of switching 10 kW per cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of chip area and hundred kilowatt per package are theoretically possible over a very wide voltage range. A new structure is proposed that could raise the power capability by an order of magnitude in very high voltage devices.
Lavender Fragrance Cleansing Gel Effects on Relaxation (2005)

Alertness, mood, and math computations were assessed in 11 healthy adults who sniffed a cosmetic cleansing gel with lavender floral blend aroma, developed to be relaxing using Mood Mapping. EEG patterns and heart rate were also recorded before, during, and after the aroma session. The lavender fragrance blend had a significant transient effect of improving mood, making people feel more relaxed, and performing the math computation faster. The self-report and physiological data are consistent with relaxation profiles during other sensory stimuli such as massage and music, as reported in the literature. The data suggest that a specific cosmetic fragrance can have a significant role in enhancing relaxation.
Highly Sensitive Positive Electron Resists Consisting of Halogenated Alkyl α‐Chloroacrylate Series Polymer Materials (1983)

Halogenated alkyl α‐chloroacrylate series polymer materials, designed based on the molecular orbital theory, have been investigated as positive electron resists. Both high sensitivity and good thermal stability are accomplished at the same time for these positive resists. Detailed studies of an EBR‐9 positive electron resist are also presented.
Real-time three-dimensional optical coherence tomography image-guided core-needle biopsy system (2012)

Advances in optical imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), enable us to observe tissue microstructure at high resolution and in real time. Currently, core-needle biopsies are guided by external imaging modalities such as ultrasound imaging and x-ray computed tomography (CT) for breast and lung masses, respectively. These image-guided procedures are frequently limited by spatial resolution when using ultrasound imaging, or by temporal resolution (rapid real-time feedback capabilities) when using x-ray CT. One feasible approach is to perform OCT within small gauge needles to optically image tissue microstructure. However, to date, no system or core-needle device has been developed that incorporates both three-dimensional OCT imaging and tissue biopsy within the same needle for true OCT-guided core-needle biopsy. We have developed and demonstrate an integrated core-needle biopsy system that utilizes catheter-based 3-D OCT for real-time image-guidance for target tissue localization, imaging of tissue immediately prior to physical biopsy, and subsequent OCT imaging of the biopsied specimen for immediate assessment at the point-of-care. OCT images of biopsied ex vivo tumor specimens acquired during core-needle placement are correlated with corresponding histology, and computational visualization of arbitrary planes within the 3-D OCT volumes enables feedback on specimen tissue type and biopsy quality. These results demonstrate the potential for using real-time 3-D OCT for needle biopsy guidance by imaging within the needle and tissue during biopsy procedures.
<b>Correlation of defense gene induction defects with powdery mildew susceptibility in</b><i><b>Arabidopsis</b></i><b>enhanced disease susceptibility mutants</b> (1998)

We investigated the relative importance of specific Arabidopsis thaliana genes in conferring resistance to bacterial versus fungal pathogens. We first developed a pathosystem involving the infection of Arabidopsis accession Columbia with a virulent isolate of the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii. E. orontii elicited the accumulation of mRNAs corresponding to the defense-related genes PR1, BGL2 (PR2), PR5 and GST1, but did not elicit production of the phytoalexin camalexin or the accumulation of defensin (PDF1.2) or thionin (THI2.1) mRNAs. We tested a set of 15 previously isolated Arabidopsis phytoalexin deficient (pad), non-expresser of PR (npr) and enhanced disease susceptibility (eds) mutants that are more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae for their susceptibility to E. orontii. Four of these mutants (pad4-1, npr1-1, eds5-1 and a double npr1-1 eds5-1 mutant) as well as Arabidopsis lines carrying a nahG transgene exhibited enhanced susceptibility to E. orontii and reduced levels of PR gene expression. Comparison of the PR gene induction patterns in response to E. orontii in the various mutants and in the nahG transgenics suggests the existence of NPR1-independent salicylate-dependent and NPR1-independent salicylate-independent defense gene activation pathways. Eleven other eds and pad mutants did not show measurable enhanced susceptibility to E. orontii, suggesting that these mutants are defective in factors that are not important for the limitation of E. orontii growth.
Neural Approaches to Conversational AI: Question Answering, Task-oriented Dialogues and Social Chatbots (2019)

This monograph provides a unified view, as well as a detailed presentation of the important ideas and insights needed to understand and create modern dialogue agents that will be instrumental to making world knowledge and services accessible to millions of users in ways that seem natural and intuitive.
Food lipids and health. (1996)

Dietary recommendations for lipids and measures designed to facilitate implementation food lipids and atherosclerosis dietary lipids and cancer: lessons from the past, directions for the future dietary lipids and the immune response food lipids and bone health enzymatic modification of lipids formation of lipid oxidation products during deep fat frying: effects on oil quality and their determination trans fatty acids: labelling, nutrition and analysis analysis and health effects of cholesterol oxides chemistry of lipid oxidation significance of lipid oxidation to food processors contributions of lipids to desirable and undesirable flavours in foods natural antioxidants: from radical mechanisms to food stabilization evaluation of lipid quality and stability applications of plant biotechnology to edible oils current developments in fat replacers the role of lipids in medical and designer foods determinants of dietary fat intake in humans.
Thermal Stability of Sol−Gel-Derived Porous AM-Al<i><sub>x</sub></i>Zr Mixed Oxides (1999)

The thermal stability of the Al−Zr mixed oxides has been studied over the whole range of composition. The effect of temperature treatment on porosity, crystallinity, and microstructure has been investigated (Ar adsorption isotherms, HR-TEM, EDX, XRD, DRIFTS). The effect of impregnation and doping on the temperature stability of these oxides is shown. An amorphous porous Al−Zr mixed oxide, stabilized with 5% Si oxide and whose microstructure is stable up to 1400 °C with no indication of phase separation or nanocrystal formation, was prepared. The study shows, that amorphous mixed oxides may be a promising new approach to the development of high-temperature stable porous materials.
[Activation of cellular immunity in mice under normal conditions and in tumor growth during treatment with glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide]. (1990)

In vitro stimulation of mice spleen cells by means of glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (GMDP) was accompanied by development of tumor necrosis factor and of interleukin-I. The factor was detected in blood serum only after administration of GMDP simultaneously with lipopolysaccharide. GMDP activated peritoneal macrophages; the phenomenon was evaluated by means of the macrophages ability to kill tumoral cells P815 as well as by interleukin-I production after additional stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. At the same time, an increase in proliferating activity of spleen and bone marrow cells was observed. An increase of middle lifetime and recovery of 24% mice of C57BL/6 strain with leukosis EL-4 were observed after complex treatment of the animals with GMDP, lipopolysaccharide, cyclophosphane and indomethacin.
<title>Interactive specification and data schema for picture painting process</title> (1993)

In a service process of a software system, an intention of a client is satisfied through the cooperative communication between the client and the server. For a description of specification of the system, it is necessary that this communication is explicitly represented as an interaction. This is called interactive specification. At the interaction of the picture painting process, the cooperative communication between client and server is done through the query of the picture data in the database. Picture data has much information compared with numerical or character data. This paper defines the data schema for picture painting so that the client can store, retrieve, and process the data in the database efficiently. This data schema also has an extended relational data model that has a hierarchical structure along the above process. Two types of schema are described in this paper. One is the denotation schema of interactive specification. Another is data schema for the picture painting process. They have the same idea of description.
VLSI architectures for lattice structure based orthonormal discrete wavelet transforms (1997)

We present efficient single-rate architectures for the one-dimensional orthonormal discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the paper we make two contributions. First, we show that architectures that are based on the quadrature mirror filter (QMF) lattice structure require approximately half the number of multipliers and adders than corresponding direct-form structures. Second, we present techniques for mapping the 1-D orthonormal DWT to folded and digit-serial architectures which are based on the QMF lattice structure. For folded architectures, we discuss two techniques for mapping the QMF lattice structure to hardware. For digit-serial architectures, we show that any two-channel subband system can be implemented using digit-serial processing techniques by utilizing the polyphase decomposition. Using this result, we describe an orthonormal DWT architecture which uses the QMF lattice structure and digit-serial processing techniques. The proposed folded and digit-serial QMF lattice structures are attractive choices for implementations of the orthonormal DWT which require low area and low power dissipation.
Pharmacological approach to smoking cessation (1989)

At present, the possibilities of pharmacological intervention in smoking cessation remain limited. Some products, like smoking deterrants, lobeline, amphetamine and sedatives, definitely seem to have been rejected. The efficiency of other drugs aiming to treat the withdrawal syndrome (e.g. clonidine) or to eradicate the smoking habit (e.g. mecamylamine) must still be confirmed in large controlled trials. The same is true of the "cigarette substitutes" which have appeared recently. The only effective substitute treatment currently available is nicotine, presented as nicotine gum; other modalities of administration of nicotine are in preparation. Even if it has not fulfilled all the expectations of its promoters and of the smokers who hoped for a panacea, nicotine gum, when administered to highly dependent smokers motivated to stop, with the appropriate technique, effects a moderate increase not only in the cessation rate but also in the long-term abstention rate, in so far as the necessary psychological support is provided, either by the physician in medical settings, or by other health professionals, in smoking-cessation clinics or in industrial and community settings. The addiction to psychoactive nicotine presents only one facet of the smoking process in chronic smokers. They must also be helped to face the behavioural components of their habits, so individualized counselling remains essential, in addition to the prescription of the gum, in order to achieve satisfactory rates of long-term smoking cessation.
Environmental Learning and Cognitive Mapping (1981)

Microgenetic aspects of adult cognitive representations of large scale environments were examined for two samples. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed stable, parallel shifts in map construction for both samples. Landmarks appear to be used as initial anchor points in the environment with path structures elaborated subsequently within the initial landmark network. Further-more, basic ordinal accuracy of landmarks did not shift with experience, but exact location in space improved. The value of multidimensional scaling techniques and other multivariate techniques were also demonstrated.
Tailored biological retention and efficient clearance of pegylated ultra-small MnO nanoparticles as positive MRI contrast agents for molecular imaging (2014)

A majority of MRI procedures requiring intravascular injections of contrast agents are performed with paramagnetic chelates. Such products induce vascular signal enhancement and they are rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Unfortunately, each chelate is made of only one paramagnetic ion, which, taken individually, has a limited impact on the MRI signal. In fact, the detection of molecular events in the nanomolar range using T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI sequences requires the design of ultra-small particles containing hundreds of paramagnetic ions per contrast agent unit. Ultra-small nanoparticles of manganese oxide (MnO, 6-8 nm diameter) have been developed and proposed as an efficient and at least 1000× more sensitive "positive" MRI contrast agent. However no evidence has been found until now that an adequate surface treatment of these particles could maintain their strong blood signal enhancement, while allowing their rapid and efficient excretion by the kidneys or by the hepatobiliairy pathway. Indeed, the sequestration of MnO particles by the reticuloendothelial system followed by strong uptake in the liver and in the spleen could potentially lead to Mn<sup>2+</sup>-induced toxicity effects. For ultra-small MnO particles to be applied in the clinics, it is necessary to develop coatings that also enable their efficient excretion within hours. This study demonstrates for the first time the possibility to use MnO particles as T<sub>1</sub> vascular contrast agents, while enabling the excretion of >70% of all the Mn injected doses after 48 h. For this, small, biocompatible and highly hydrophilic pegylated bis-phosphonate dendrons (PDns) were grafted on MnO particles to confer colloidal stability, relaxometric performance, and fast excretion capacity. The chemical and colloidal stability of MnO@PDn particles were confirmed by XPS, FTIR and DLS. The relaxometric performance of MnO@PDns as "positive" MRI contrast agents was assessed (r<sub>1</sub> = 4.4 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, r<sub>2</sub>/r<sub>1</sub> = 8.6; 1.41 T and 37 °C). Mice were injected with 1.21 μg Mn per kg (22 μmol Mn per kg), and scanned in MRI up to 48 h. The concentration of Mn in key organs was precisely measured by neutron activation analysis and confirmed, with MRI, the possibility to avoid RES nanoparticle sequestration through the use of phosphonate dendrons. Due to the fast kidney and hepatobiliairy clearance of MnO particles conferred by PDns, MnO nanoparticles can now be considered for promising applications in T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI applications requiring less toxic although highly sensitive "positive" molecular contrast agents.
Molecular aspects of Huntington's disease (1998)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease striking principally medium spiny GABAergic neurons of the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia. It affects about one in 10,000 individuals and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. The molecular basis of the disease is expansion of the trinucleotide CAG in the first exon of a gene on chromosome four. The CAG repeats are translated to polyglutamine repeats in the expressed protein, huntingtin. The normal function of huntingtin remains incompletely characterized, but based upon recently defined protein-protein interactions, it appears to be associated with the cytoskeleton and required for neurogenesis. Huntingtin has been demonstrated to interact with such proteins as HAP1, HIP1, microtubules, GADPH, calmodulin, and an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Polyglutamine expansion alters many of these interactions and leads to huntingtin aggregation and the formation of neuronal nuclear inclusions, ultimately culminating in cell death. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects of HD, including the present understanding of huntingtin-protein interactions, studies with transgenic mice, and postulated mechanisms of huntingtin aggregation.
Oxidation of octadecatrienoic acids in the red alga Lithothamnion corallioides: structural and stereochemical studies of conjugated tetraene fatty acids and bis allylic hydroxy acids (1993)

Enzymatic oxidation of (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid (γ-linolenic acid; 1a) in a preparation of the red alga Lithothamnion corallioides Crouan led to the formation of (6Z,8E,10E,12Z)-octadeca-6,8,10,12-tetraenoic acid 2a and (11R,6Z,9Z,12Z)-hydroxyoctadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid 3a as the main products. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadeca-(9,12,15)-trienoic acid (α-linolenic acid; 4a) was oxidized in an analogous way to yield (9Z,11E,13E,15Z)-octadeca-9,11,13,15-tetraenoic acid (α-parinaric acid; 5a), (11S,9Z,12Z,15Z)-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid 6a, and (14R,9Z,12Z,15Z)-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid 7a. Isotope studies demonstrated that enzymatic conversion of the acid 1a into the tetraene 2a was accompanied by stereospecific eliminations of the pro-S and pro-R hydrogens from C-8 and C-11, respectively. The bis allylic hydroxy acid 3a was formed from acid 1a by a reaction involving stereospecific elimination of the pro-S hydrogen from C-11 and incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen from water in the C-11 hydroxy group. Although the bis allylic hydroxy esters 3b, 6b, and 7b were chemically convertible into conjugated tetraenes by rapid acid-catalysed dehydration, enzymatic formation of conjugated tetraenes and hydroxy acids in Lithothamnion occurred by independent pathways.
Photocatalytic degradation of organohalide compounds in semiconductor suspension with added hydrogen peroxide (1989)

Etude de la vitesse de photodegradation du trichloroethylene et du tetrachloroethylene en suspension dans le dioxyde de titane par les radicaux HO•
Estrogen Receptor–Mediated, Nitric Oxide–Dependent Modulation of the Immunologic Barrier Function of the Endothelium (2001)

Estradiol transcriptionally regulates endothelial FasL expression by a mechanism involving at least one of the estrogen receptors. In an animal model of atherosclerosis, estradiol restores FasL expression, which is suppressed by atherogenic levels of serum cholesterol. The maintenance of endothelial FasL expression by estradiol may represent a mechanism of estrogen's apparent antiatherogenic effect.