gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Broadband Terahertz Modulation with Hybrid Graphene/Metasurface Structures (2014)

We demonstrate efficient terahertz (THz) modulation by coupling graphene strongly with a broadband THz metasurface device. This THz metasurface, made of periodic gold slit arrays, shows near unity broadband transmission, which arises from coherent radiation of the enhanced local-field in the slits. Utilizing graphene as an active load with tunable conductivity, we can significantly modify the local-field enhancement and strongly modulate the THz wave transmission. This hybrid device also provides a new platform for future nonlinear THz spectroscopy study of graphene.
Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and cyclic organoborane monomer (1991)

Abstract This paper summarizes our research result in the preparation of functional groups containing polyolefins, including linear and cyclic polymers, by using ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and cyclic organoborane monomers. Most organoborane moieties are very stable to metathesis catalysts. In turn, the borane containing polymers can be converted to a broad range of functional polymers with various functional groups, such as ‐OH, ‐NH 2 , ‐NHR, under mild conditions. With some pre‐designed monomers, several unique polymer structures, such as alternating copolymers have been prepared. In addition, the conformation of the polymer chain, from high cis double bonds to high trans ones, can be controlled by using various catalyst systems and reactions conditions. In this paper, we will also discuss some physical properties of the resulting polymers including thermal stability and chain conformations in selective solvents and at air‐water interfaces.
Mycophenolate Antagonizes IFN-γ-Induced Catagen-Like Changes via β-Catenin Activation in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Hair Follicles (2014)

Recently, various immunosuppressant drugs have been shown to induce hair growth in normal hair as well as in alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia; however, the responsible mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the influence of mycophenolate (MPA), an immunosuppressant, on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and on the growth of human hair follicles following catagen induction with interferon (IFN)-γ. IFN-γ was found to reduce β-catenin, an activator of hair follicle growth, and activate glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, and enhance expression of the Wnt inhibitor DKK-1 and catagen inducer transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2. IFN-γ inhibited expression of ALP and other dermal papillar cells (DPCs) markers such as Axin2, IGF-1, and FGF 7 and 10. MPA increased β-catenin in IFN-γ-treated hDPCs leading to its nuclear accumulation via inhibition of GSK3β and reduction of DKK-1. Furthermore, MPA significantly increased expression of ALP and other DPC marker genes but inhibited expression of TGF-β2. Therefore, we demonstrate for the first time that IFN-γ induces catagen-like changes in hDPCs and in hair follicles via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and that MPA stabilizes β-catenin by inhibiting GSK3β leading to increased β-catenin target gene and DP signature gene expression, which may, in part, counteract IFN-γ-induced catagen in hDPCs.
Expression and processing of recombinant human terminal transferase in the baculovirus system. (1988)

Overproduction of human terminal transferase protein has now been accomplished by cloning the coding sequence of human terminal transferase into a baculovirus, where the expression of terminal transferase is under the control of the polyhedrin protein promoter. Two constructs were made, one producing a protein containing the entire terminal transferase fused to 12 amino acids from the NH2 terminus of the polyhedrin protein, and the other producing 58-kDa human terminal transferase. The terminal transferase levels expressed in cells infected with either recombinant baculovirus are around 10,000 units/10(7) cells at 48 h postinfection, about 200-fold greater than levels expressed in thymus and cultured lymphoblastoid cells. The chimeric polyhedrin/human terminal transferase protein produced in the infected insect cells has a molecular weight of about 60,000 while the nonfused recombinant human terminal transferase is identical in molecular weight to that present in human lymphoblastoid cells. Both forms of recombinant terminal transferase show immunological and enzymatic activity. When infected cells are pulse-labeled with [35S] methionine at 42-45 h postinfection, about 10% of newly synthesized protein is terminal transferase. Both forms of terminal transferase are phosphorylated in recombinant virus-infected cells as demonstrated by pulse-labeling infected cells with 32P-inorganic phosphate and isolation of labeled terminal transferase peptides by immunoprecipitation.
The organization of the purL gene encoding 5′-phosphoribosylformylglycinamide amidotransferase of Escherichia coli (1989)

Escherichia coli5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamide (FGAR) amidotransferase (EC 6.3.5.3) encoded by the purL gene catalyzes the conversion of FGAR to formylglycinamidine in the presence of glutamine and ATP for the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis.On the basis of the nucleotide sequence of purL, the enzyme was dissected along the polypeptide chain into at least three discrete regions, designated as domains I, 11, and IZI, by genetic complementation tests.Domain I11 (255 amino acids), which resides in the C-terminal region, is similar in amido acid sequence to several glutamine amidotransferases and exerts the transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine.Domain I (791 amino acids) resides in the N-terminal region and contains a potential ATP binding motif.Domain I1 (249 amino acids) locates between domains I and I11 and is composed of an alternating structure of at least eight predicted &strand and cy-helix elements, as has been observed in the family of triosephosphate isomerases.The functions of domains I and I1 have been discussed in relation to the transfer of the carbonyl oxygen of FGAR into the y-phosphorus moiety of ATP.These results support a model that the E. colipurL gene is a fused gene of at least three different gene families.The highly repetitive sequences of the E. coli genome appeared to play an important role in the process of the gene fusion.5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide (FGAR)' amidotransferase (EC 6.3.5.3) catalyzes the conversion of FGAR, glutamine, and ATP to 5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine, glutamate, ADP, and Pi in the de nouo purine nucleotide biosynthesis.Previous mechanistic studies with a highly purified chicken liver enzyme revealed several important clues for the understanding of the structure-function relation of FGAR amidotransferase (for reviews, see Refs. 1 and2).First, glutamine reacts reversibly with the enzyme a t a specific sulfhydryl residue to form a 1:l stable glutamine-enzyme complex (tL/2 = 125 min at 2 "C) in the absence of other substrates (3).The amide nitrogen of glutamine is liberated from glutamine during the formation of the complex and is perhaps transferred to another binding site on the enzyme.
A high performance Erlang system (2000)

Erlang is a concurrent functional programming language designed to ease the development of large-scale distributed soft real-time control applications. It has so far been quite successful in this application domain, despite the fact that its currently available implementations are emulators of virtual machines. In this paper, we improve on the performance aspects of Erlang implementations by presenting HiPE, an open-source native code compiler for Erlang. HiPE is a complete implementation of Erlang, o ers exible integration between emulated and native code, and e ciently supports features crucial for Erlang's application domain such a s c o ncurrency. As our performance evaluations show, HiPE is currently the fastest among all Erlang implementations.
Formation of Palladium(0) Complexes from Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> and a Bidentate Phosphine Ligand (dppp) and Their Reactivity in Oxidative Addition (2001)

A Pd0 complex is spontaneously generated from Pd(OAc)2 and a bidentate phosphine such as dppp (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane). dppp is the reducing agent and is oxidized to the hemioxide dppp(O). The intramolecular reduction step is reversible. A stable Pd0 complex is quantitatively formed in the presence of 2 equiv of dppp, water, and a base (NEt3). The oxidative addition of PhI gives a cationic complex, PhPd(dppp)(dppp(O))+, in which dppp(O) behaves as a monodentate ligand. PhPd(OAc)(dppp) is formed in the presence of added AcO-. The oxidative addition of PhI is an intricate reaction whose kinetics has been investigated only in the presence of added AcO-. It involves reactive dimeric or/and monomeric Pd0 complexes ligated by AcO- whose relative reactivity is a function of the PhI concentration.
Synthesis and characterization of Si/Cs/O nanocluster thin films with negative electron affinity (1999)

Patterned and unpatterned thin films of Si/Cs/O nanoclusters have been synthesized by the technique of supersaturated thermal vaporization of Si and Cs in an oxygen background gas. These films, which were deposited onto conducting or semiconducting substrates, exhibit negative electron affinity (NEA) as evidenced by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Photo, secondary, and field electron emission properties of these nanocluster films were investigated with photoelectron emission microscopy, field electron emission microscopy, secondary electron microscopy, and current-voltage measurements. Flat cathodes covered with thin films of Si/Cs/O nanoclusters exhibited high current outputs and lower turn-on fields (8.7 V/\ensuremath{\mu}m) than most NEA diamond surfaces and gated Si or Mo tip arrays. The films' NEA is unaffected by air exposure and is stable to high-temperature annealing (550 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C). The electron emission property of the NEA nanocluster films can be best explained by a subband gap abundant surface-state nanocluster model. A field-emission display unit with a simple diode structure containing a flat cathode coated with a thin film of Si/Cs/O nanoclusters has also been built to demonstrate the potential application of this material in cold cathode electron emitting devices, particularly field-emission flat panel displays.
Chemical degradation of fluorinated antisticking treatments in UV nanoimprint lithography (2009)

In general, fluorinated antisticking layers (F-ASL) are deposited on the imprint stamps to ease their separation from the imprinted resist in UV nanoimprint lithography. However, these layers are found to degrade with repeated imprint operations. A drastic decrease in fluorinated species is observed on the mold surface. Yet, there is still a debate on the nature of the exact mechanisms involved in this degradation. In this paper, electron spin resonance (ESR) is used to investigate the chemical reaction occurring between the fluorinated molecules and the UV curable resist. Free radicals of the resist, generated under UV illumination, have been observed by ESR. The decrease in their corresponding signal in the presence of fluorinated ASL species shows evidence of the chemical reactivity of the resist toward the F-ASL.
Molecular substructure similarity searching: efficient retrieval in two-dimensional structure databases (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular substructure similarity searching: efficient retrieval in two-dimensional structure databasesT. R. HagadoneCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1992, 32, 5, 515–521Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00009a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00009a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Aerodynamic analysis via foreground segmentation (2017)

Results from wind-tunnel testing of athletes cannot always be repeated on the track, but reducing aerodynamic drag is critical for racing. Drag force is highly correlated with an athlete's frontal area, so in this paper we describe a system to segment an athlete from the very challenging background found in a standard racing environment. Given an accurate segmentation, a front-on view, and the athlete's position (for scaling), one can effectively count the pixels and thereby measure the moving area. The method described does not rely on alteration of the track lighting, background, or athlete's appearance. An image-matting algorithm more used in the film industry is combined with an innovative model-based pre-process to allow the whole measurement to be automated. Area results have better than one percent error compared to handextracted measurements over a representative period, while frame-by-frame measurements capture expected cyclic variation. A near real-time implementation permits rapid iteration of aerodynamic experiments during training.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Cultured Rat Neonatal Hepatocytes Is Differentially Regulated in Response to Epidermal Growth Factor and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (1997)

Neonatal rat hepatocytes cultured in the absence of added growth factors dedifferentiate by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This involves the loss of their typical differentiation markers, the acquisition of a migrating morphology, and a change in the expression of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins. We attempted to determine whether the EMT of cultured neonatal rat hepatocytes could be modulated by factors that maintain and promote the differentiation state of adult and fetal hepatocytes such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). By (3H)-thymidine incorporation, Western blotting analysis, flow cytometry, and double-immunofluorescence studies, we found that both factors have marked but opposite effects on the EMT and on proliferation of neonatal liver cells. In DMSO treatment, albumin levels were higher than in the nontreated cells at all days studied. Moreover, DMSO reduced cytokeratin levels and inhibited cell proliferation, acquisition of the fibroblast-like morphology, and vimentin expression typical of the EMT. The increase in vimentin-positive cells in serum-free medium was not observed in DMSO cultures. EGF also increased albumin levels at all days studied. In contrast, EGF treatment induced hepatocyte proliferation and enhanced vimentin and cytokeratin expression. However, the increase in vimentin levels did not correlate with a significant increase in the number of vimentin-positive cells. Moreover, vimentin-positive cells in EGF treatment were also cytokeratin-positive and albumin-positive, and they maintained epithelioid morphology in spite of the vimentin network. These results indicate that EMT of cultured rat neonatal hepatocytes is differentially regulated in response to EGF and DMSO.
Observations on Antiviral Activity of Viscosin. (1951)

SummaryViscosin was found to exert a marked protective effect in embryonated eggs subsequently infected with infectious bronchitis virus. A slight but detectable suppressive effect on the progress of infection in mice infected with influenza A virus was demonstrated.
Approximate solution to Lawden's problem (1995)

Clearly the projectile mass is constant during exoatmospheric flight as expected. To now determine the integration constants of the outer solution, MOO, MOO, and moo, an asymptotic matching procedure must now be used. Matching the inner and outer solutions, the unknown outersolution integration constants are obtained in terms of the innersolution constants. The inner constants may then be related to the projectile initial conditions.
Nondestructive picosecond-ultrasonic characterization of Mo/Si extreme ultraviolet multilayer reflection coatings (1999)

We have used noncontact, nondestructive picosecond-ultrasonic techniques to characterize Mo/Si multilayer reflection coatings for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Using our alternating-pump technique, we successfully excited and detected the two lowest frequency localized acoustic-phonon surface modes. By measuring their vibration frequencies simultaneously, we can extract the two key parameters for EUV reflector performance: d (bilayer thickness) and Γ (thickness ratio of Mo layer to the bilayer) of the Mo/Si multilayers. To demonstrate the utility of this technique, we measured the surface-mode frequencies and extracted the values of d and Γ for six mirrors. Good agreement with the results of at-wavelength EUV reflectometry was found. Damage to coatings caused by the pump and probe laser beams was also studied, and found to be negligible given our data-acquisition time.
The Reaction of β-Hydroxyalkylcarbamates with Carbonyl Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of β-Hydroxyalkylcarbamates with Carbonyl Compounds1MIRA RONA and DOV BEN-ISHAICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 5, 1446–1450Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01064a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01064a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Screen Printed Resonant Tags for Electronic Article Surveillance Tags (2009)

Screen printing has been employed to print resonant tags on a plastic film for using as a low cost electronic article surveillance tags. The resonant frequency of the printed resonant tags can be tuned by simply varying the lengths or sizes of printed inductors and capacitors. The quality factor ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> ) of the printed resonant tags strongly depends on the sheet resistance of the printed inductive patterns. The maximum <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> factor of printed resonant tags attained was about 45. Since this resonant tag can be printed roll-to-roll on plastic films, a number of tags with various resonance frequencies can be mass produced at a lower cost.
Adsorption Indicators. (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption Indicators.I. M. KolthoffCite this: Chem. Rev. 1935, 16, 1, 87–98Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60053a008https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60053a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[A new method to repair artery injuries in extremities by phleboplasty of branched vein graft]. (1998)

In order to develope a new method to overcome the difficulties in anastomosis of blood vessels with different diameter, phleboplasty was utilized at the join-point to expand the diameter of branched vein graft, with a funnel-shaped stoma formed consequently. After successfully experimented in fresh blood vessels in vitro, the method was practised clinically to repair injured arteries in extremities, with the outcome that phleboplasty of branched vein graft could enlarge the diameter by 1-1.25 times, and with satisfied effects in 3 clinic cases. So, the conclusion was that: phleboplasty of branched vein graft was a new effective and convinient method to repair injured arteries with different diameters.