gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary clearance of vasoactive intestinal peptide. (1986)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide causes bronchodilatation when given intravenously but is less effective in both animals and man when given by inhalation. This difference may be due to poor transit of the peptide across the bronchial epithelium. To test this hypothesis pulmonary clearance of radiolabelled vasoactive intestinal peptide was measured in Sprague Dawley rats and compared with that of pertechnetate (TcO4-) and diethylene triamine pentaacetate (DTPA). Despite a molecular weight (MW) of 3450, iodinated vasoactive intestinal peptide was cleared rapidly from the lungs, with a mean half time (t1/2) of 19 minutes after an initial slower phase. This compares with a t1/2 of 10 minutes with TcO4- (MW 163) and a t1/2 of 158 minutes with DTPA (MW 492). The possibility that vasoactive intestinal peptide mediates a non-specific increase in permeability was discounted by the fact that the combination of vasoactive intestinal peptide and DTPA did not alter DTPA clearance significantly. Chromatography and radioimmunoassay of blood taken after intratracheal administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide demonstrated a metabolite but no unchanged peptide. An intravenous injection of the peptide disappeared on first pass through the lung. It is concluded that inhaled vasoactive intestinal peptide lacks efficacy as a bronchodilator not because of slow diffusion to airway smooth muscle but because it is metabolised at an early stage of its passage through the respiratory epithelium.
Optical wavelength interchange based on nonlinear photonic crystals (2002)

We have theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated the first simultaneous optical wavelength interchange process using a two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal. Results from a 1535-1555 nm wavelength interchange lattice fabricated in lithium niobate will be presented.
Preferential phosphorylation of the 150,000 molecular weight component of neurofilaments by a cyclic AMP-dependent, microtubule-associated protein kinase. (1981)

Highly purified preparations of bovine brain and rabbit nerve root neurofilaments were found to be lacking in protein kinase activity when either histone FIIA or the neurofilaments themselves were used as acceptors. There was no augmentation of activity in the presence of cyclic AMP. Addition of microtubule proteins prepared by cycles of assembly and disassembly resulted in phosphorylation of histone, phosphorylation of tubulin and the microtubule-associated proteins, and phosphorylation of neurofilament subunits. The phosphorylation of neurofilaments was predominantly in the 150,000-dalton species and was completely cyclic AMP dependent.
A Surface-Focused Biotinylation Procedure Identifies the <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Catalase KatY as a Membrane-Associated but Non-Surface-Located Protein (2007)

This study identified major surface proteins of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. We applied a novel surface biotinylation method, followed by NeutrAvidin (NA) bead capture, on-bead digestion, and identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The use of stachyose during biotinylation focused the reaction to the surface. Coupled with NA pulldown and immunoblot analysis, this method determined whether a protein was accessible to the surface. We applied the method to test the hypothesis that the catalase KatY is a surface protein of the plague bacterium Y. pestis. A rabbit serum recognized the catalase KatY as a major putative outer membrane-associated antigen expressed by Y. pestis cells grown at 37 degrees C. Similar findings by other groups had led to speculations that this protein might be exposed to the surface and might be a candidate for evaluation as a protective antigen for an improved plague vaccine. KatY was obtained only in the total membrane fraction, and stachyose greatly reduced its biotinylation as well as that of the periplasmic maltose binding protein, indicating that KatY is not on the bacterial surface. LC-MS-MS analysis of on-bead digests representing ca. 10(9) cells identified highly abundant species, including KatY, Pal, and OmpA, as well as the lipoprotein Pcp, all of which bound in a biotin-specific manner. Pla, Lpp, and OmpX (Ail) bound to the NA beads in a non-biotin-specific manner. There was no contamination from abundant cytoplasmic proteins. We hypothesize that OmpX and Pcp are highly abundant and likely to be important for the Y. pestis pathogenic process. We speculate that a portion of KatY associates with the outer membrane in intact cells but that it is located on the periplasmic side. Consistent with this idea, it did not protect C57BL/6 mice against bubonic plague.
Cycle-accurate simulation of energy consumption in embedded systems (1999)

This paper presents a methodology for cycle-accurate simulation of energy dissipation in embedded systems. The ARM Ltd. [l] instruction-level cycle-accurate simulator is extended with energy models for the processor, the L2 cache, the memory, the interconnect and the DC-DC converter. A SmartBadge, which can be seen as an embedded system consisting of StrongARM-processor, memory and the DC-DC converter, is used to evaluate the methodology with the Dhrystone benchmark. We compared performance and energy computed by our simulator with measurements in hardware and found them in agreement within a 5% tolerance. The simulation methodology was applied to design exploration for enhancing a SmartBadge with real-time MPEG feature.
Initiation of vesicular stomatitis virus mutant polR1 transcription internally at the N gene in vitro (1997)

The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) polymerase is thought to initiate transcription of its genome by first copying a small leader RNA complementary to the 3' end of the template. The polR VSV mutants, in contrast to wild-type virus, frequently read through the leader termination site during transcription in vitro. To shed light on polymerase termination and reinitiation events at the crucial leader-N gene junction, we employed RNase protection assays to precisely measure molar ratios of leader, N, and readthrough transcript accumulation in vitro. Wild-type virus synthesized essentially equimolar amounts of leader and N transcripts, but, unexpectedly, the polR1 mutant yielded about twice as much N mRNA as leader (ratio of 1.9 +/- 0.1). Primer extension assays ruled out an increase in abortive N transcript synthesis for polR1. Transcription entailed multiple rounds of synthesis, with transcript ratios remaining the same after 0.5 or 2 h of synthesis, ruling out a significant contribution from polymerases "pre-positioned" at the N gene. No significant degradation of either leader or N transcripts was observed after incubating purified products with virions. Our data lead us to conclude that transcription can initiate internally at the N gene, at least in the case of polR1 VSV. We propose, however, that productive internal initiation of transcription is a fundamental property of the VSV polymerase and that of related viruses. A model postulating two distinct polymerase complexes, one for leader synthesis and one for internal initiation, is presented.
Carbonated Water Imbibition Flooding: An Enhanced Oil Recovery Process for Fractured Reservoirs (1992)

ABSTRACT Water imbibition studies were conducted on core plugs at confining pressures of 2,000 psi. Water was enriched with CO2 at different carbonation pressures, ranging from 50 to 500 psi. Conventional displacement as well as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods were used to study the effects of carbonated water imbibition on oil recovery rate and ultimate recovery. The major factors influencing oil recovery by carbonated water imbibition displacement appear to be: An increase in oil mobility. An increase in core permeability in carbonate cores A reduction in the operating pressure below the bubble point pressure after the core had been allowed to imbibe the carbonated water induced a solution gas drive effect which substantially increased recovery. Carbon dioxide dissolved into the water being imbibed by the rock was found to accelerate oil recovery rates and increase ultimate oil recovery when compared to unadulterated water imbibition. Recovery rate and ultimate recovery increased as a function of the amount of CO2 dissolved into the imbibed water. Recovery time was reduced to one third when the gas liberation process was applied cyclically. This new method holds promise to increase oil production rates and oil reserves from fractured, low matrix permeability, low gas-oil ratio, oil reservoirs.
A Classification of 148 U.S. Maize Inbreds: II. Validation of Cluster Analysis Based on RFLPs (1994)

To be useful to breeders, classification of genotypes based on cluster analysis must provide meaningful groupings of the genotypes clustered. We evaluated a classification of 148 U.S. maize [ Zea mays L.] inbreds resulting from cluster analysis based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine if it represented the true associations among the fines. Testing was aimed at the products of the two steps in cluster analysis: the proximity matrix containing estimates of relationship computed from the data and the phenogram displaying groups in the form of a tree diagram. The proximity matrix and a matrix of pedigree relationships were compared by the Hubert F statistic. Dissimilarities indicated in the phenogram were correlated with those defined in the proximity matrix. The grouping displayed in the phenogram was compared to that exhibited in phenograms resulting from three additional cluster analyses generated by different methods for computing proximities. These groupings were then compared to the expected grouping based on pedigree information. The patterns present in the proximity matrix were substantiated by pedigree information. Based on agreement between the phenogram and the proximity matrix, the phenogram depicted estimates of genetic relationship accurately. Inbreds were grouped similarly in the four classifications and the level of correspondence of inbred group assignments to the expected grouping based on available pedigree information was similar across classifications, suggesting that a natural grouping of the fines exists and was generally reflected in each classification. Therefore, the classification was judged to reasonably represent the true associations among the 148 maize inbreds. In addition, the advantages of a method to compute proximities by a formula proposed by Nei and Li were noted.
A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of 1,4-Dihalobutadienes from Alkynes via Titanacyclopentadienes and Their Transformation to a Series of Silole Derivatives (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of 1,4-Dihalobutadienes from Alkynes via Titanacyclopentadienes and Their Transformation to a Series of Silole DerivativesShigehiro Yamaguchi, Ren-Zhi Jin, Kohei Tamao, and Fumie SatoView Author Information Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 26, 10060–10062Publication Date (Web):December 2, 1998Publication History Received31 July 1998Published online2 December 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981533hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981533hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1988Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Halogenation,Hydrocarbons,Precursors,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Application of Variable Tolls on Congested Toll Road (2003)

This paper examines how different price elasticities of travel demand would impact traffic on a toll road with a time-of-day variable toll rate. Price elasticities were derived from data collected on a pair of bridges that currently offer tolls that vary by time of day. Both aggregate traffic data and disaggregate driver data were used to determine a range of probable elasticities. The aggregate method applied the short run price elasticities observed at the operational bridges to a hypothetical toll road. To determine disaggregate elasticity rates, discrete choice models of a driver’s willingness to alter his or her time of travel due to the variable toll were estimated using survey data. Using these models, and varying the socioeconomic and commute characteristics of drivers on the hypothetical toll road, it was possible to determine the impact of different price elasticities on the flow of traffic. Elasticities from −0.076 to −0.15 caused travel times to improve by 8.8 to 13.3%, respectively.
Enzyme packed bed system for the on-line measurement of glucose, glutamate, and lactate in brain microdialyzate (1992)

Rapid measurement of glucose, glutamate, and lactate is important in understanding the dynamics of the energy balance of the brain. Glutamate is also the main excitatory neurotransmitter. A general immobilized enzyme-based flow injection assay system is described which uses oxidase and peroxidase enzymes to convert the analyte into an oxidized ferrocene species which is detected electrochemically by reduction. The enzymes glucose oxidase, glutamate oxidase, lactate oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase are immobilized with near 100% efficiency onto 10-microns tresyl-activated silica beads (1000- and 500-A pore size). The beads are slurry-packed into 2- x 20-mm columns to give beds for glucose, glutamate, or lactate which are stable for greater than 40 days. The flow injection assays described have detection limits from 1.8 to less than 20 pmol and have been configured to have linear calibration responses over the range of basal and stimulated levels of the three compounds found in 5-microL microdialysate samples from the rat striatum. The assays are used for automated on-line measurement of glucose, glutamate, and lactate in striatal microdialysate at 2.5-min intervals.
Activity recognition using logical hidden semi-Markov models (2013)

Activity recognition is challenging and valuable in both real and virtual world. As important directed graphical models, hidden Markov models and their extensions are widely used to solve probabilistic activity recognition problems. In this paper, logical hidden semi-Markov models (LHSMMs) which combine logical hidden Markov models (LHMMs), a statistical relational learning method, and hidden semi-Markov models are proposed, and the lognormal distribution is used to model the duration explicitly. The formal description of LHSMMs and the exact inference process using a logical forward algorithm with duration are presented; the directed graphical representation of unmanned aerial vehicle activities is also given. Experiments are also designed to compare the performances of LHSMMs and LHMMs. The results prove that, the recognition result of abstract states using LHSMMs is more smoothing, and the probability of the real instantiated activity is larger than that of LHMMs in most time because of modeling duration explicitly.
Stochastic differential equations and geometric flows (2002)

In previous years, curve evolution, applied to a single contour or to the level sets of an image via partial differential equations, has emerged as an important tool in image processing and computer vision. Curve evolution techniques have been utilized in problems such as image smoothing, segmentation, and shape analysis. We give a local stochastic interpretation of the basic curve smoothing equation, the so called geometric heat equation, and show that this evolution amounts to a tangential diffusion movement of the particles along the contour. Moreover, assuming that a priori information about the shapes of objects in an image is known, we present modifications of the geometric heat equation designed to preserve certain features in these shapes while removing noise. We also show how these new flows may be applied to smooth noisy curves without destroying their larger scale features, in contrast to the original geometric heat flow which tends to circularize any closed curve.
Iodine-131-labeled diphosphonates for palliative treatment of bone metastases: II. Preliminary clinical results with iodine-131 BDP3. (1986)

The kinetics, dosimetry, and response of iodine-131 alpha-amino-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-diphosphonate ([131I]BDP3) treatment were investigated with patients who had pain symptoms from bone metastases of various primary carcinoma. The blood clearance of [131I]BDP3 was rapid. More than 90% disappeared from the blood pool at 2 hr after injection. The excretion of the activity occurred solely through the kidneys and mean total-body retention at 48 hr was 48.6%. The urinary activity showed a metabolite which must be formed by an in vivo cleavage reaction of a phosphorus-carbon bond. The uptake of in vivo cleaved [131I]iodide in the unblocked thyroid was approximately 0.5%. The effective half-life of [131I]BDP3 in metastatic bone (median 182 hr; range 177-205 hr) proved to be longer than in unaffected areas (145 hr; 140-165 hr). Palliative therapies were performed with 18 patients. They received doses ranging between 6 and 48 mCi [131I]BDP3. The response was 44% complete pain relief, 6% substantial pain relief, 22% minimal improvement, and 28% no change. The duration of response ranged between 1 and 8 wk.
Naphthalene Amidine Imide Dyes by Transamination of Naphthalene Bisimides (2006)

Derivatives of naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid with amidine structures have been prepared. The light absorption of the bisimide derivatives in the UV region is shifted to the visible for the amidine imides, which also fluoresce with a large Stokes shift. It has been shown how the bisimide-lactam rearrangement can be extended to amidine structures.
Gain-current relation for GaAs lasers with n-type and undoped active layers (1973)

Results for the optical gain coefficient as a function of the nominal current density are given for GaAs lasers with compensated n-type active layers and with undoped active layers. The results suggest that n-type layers may give lower threshold currents near room temperature than do comparable p-type layers.
Scatter‐glare correction using a convolution algorithm with variable weighting (1987)

Several investigators have approximated the scatter component of digital radiographic images by applying a constant weighting factor to a convolved version of the detected image. The scatter approximation is then subtracted from the detected image. When a constant weighting factor is used, the scatter in areas of low transmission is underestimated. We have extended this technique by allowing for a spatially variable weighting factor based on the local image intensity. This technique improves the scatter estimate and should provide better results for general videodensitometric applications.
An accelerated sparse time-invariant Radon transform in the mixed frequency-time domain based on iterative 2D model shrinkage (2013)

ABSTRACT I have developed an accelerated sparse time-invariant Radon transform (RT) in the mixed frequency-time domain based on iterative 2D model shrinkage in the time domain. I denote it as SRTIS. In the traditional sparse time-invariant RT in the mixed frequency-time domain, the sparse RT is modeled as a sparse inverse problem that is solved by the iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) algorithm in the time domain, and the forward and inverse RTs are implemented in the frequency domain. In this method, IRLS is replaced by iterative 2D model shrinkage, i.e., the sparsity of the Radon model is promoted by some simple 2D model shrinkage operations in the time domain. Synthetic and real data demultiple examples using the parabolic RTs are given to demonstrate the better performance of the SRTIS when compared with the least-squares-based RT, the frequency domain sparse RT, and the traditional time-domain sparse RT in the mixed frequency-time domain.
Therapeutic Approach of Primary Bone Tumours by Bisphosphonates (2010)

Bone tumours can be dissociated in two main categories: i) primary bone tumours (benign or malignant) including mainly osteosarcoma and other sarcomas.ii)and giant cell tumour and bone metastases originate from others cancer (Breast, prostate, kidney cancer, etc). These tumours are able to destroy or/and induce a new calcified matrix. However, the first step of bone tumour development is associated with an induction of bone resorption and the establishment of a vicious cycle between the osteoclasts and the tumour growth. Indeed, bone resorption contributes to the pathogenesis of bone tumour by the release of cytokines (IL6, TNFα) which govern the bone tumour's development and which are trapped into the bone matrix. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are chemical compounds of P-C-P structure with a high affinity for bone hydroxyapatite crystals. Thus, they have been used as a carrier for radio nucleotides to develop novel approaches of bone imaging. BPs exert also indirect anti-tumour activities in vivo. Indeed, BPs directly interfere with the bone microenvironment and target osteoclasts, endothelial cells and immune cells (tumour-associated macrophages, γ9δ2 T cells). BPs induce tumour cell death in vitro and same activity is suspected in vivo. The present review summarizes the mechanisms of actions of BPs as well as their clinical interests in bone primary tumours.