gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytodifferentiation and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA and protein during primary culture of aortic smooth muscle cells. Correlation with cell density and proliferative state. (1989)

To investigate a possible correlation between cytodifferentiation, proliferation, and actin expression, smooth muscle cells from the 9-week-old rabbit aortic media were enzyme-dispersed into single cells and were plated in primary culture at different initial seeding densities. The volume fraction of myofilaments (Vv myo) in cells seeded moderately densely fell from 39.5% +/- 1.2% in the intact aortic media to 11.5% +/- 1.6% on Day 5, one day before the onset of logarithmic growth. The Vv myo remained low over the next 3 days, then began to rise as the density of cells increased, returning almost to the original levels after confluency and 1.84 cumulative population doublings (CPD). The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA followed a similar time course of change, falling from 84.7% +/- 1.2% of total actin mRNA in freshly isolated cells to 54.0% +/- 6.5% on Day 5, returning to 87.5% +/- 0.5% after confluency. In these cultures, the alpha-smooth muscle actin protein content was 93.7% +/- 2.9% of total actin in freshly isolated cells, 68.7% +/- 3.1% on Day 5, and 73.3% +/- 2.5% 3 days after confluency. In densely seeded cultures, the Vv myo and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA fell only slightly on Day 5 and rose to original levels upon confluency after 0.33 CPD. However, at the protein level, alpha-smooth muscle actin decreased on Day 5 and remained low on Day 12. The Vv myo, alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA, and actin protein of sparsely seeded cells fell on Day 5 and then remained low throughout the culture period, including 5 days after confluency (Day 24), when the cells had undergone 5.37 CPD. Cells that were maintained subconfluent but quiescent on Day 7 in culture had the same low Vv myo, low alpha-actin mRNA expression, and low alpha-actin protein content as actively proliferating cells. The results show that Vv myo and alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA undergo parallel changes during primary culture according to seeding density, but not to replication, and that alpha-smooth muscle actin protein decreases in culture then remains low irrespective of culture conditions.
Probabilistic description of particle transport. I. General theory of quasielastic scattering in plane-parallel media (1988)

We present a three-dimensional probabilistic model of particle transport in a medium where the particles suffer quasielastic collisions. The model accounts for bulk and surface scattering, as well as partial reflections at the boundaries of the medium. We give analytical and numerical methods for the evaluation of the particle transmission probability in the case of a medium with a plane-parallel geometry. The influence of the various parameters of the model on this probability is also discussed.
THE BIOLOGY OF THE TWO COMMON STORAGE SPECIES OF <i>ORYZAEPHILUS</i> (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) (1956)

Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and O. mercator (Fauv.) are distinct species which do not interbreed; they can be distinguished by the relative lengths of eye and temple and by the male genitalia. Both species are imported into Britain, O. surinamensis chiefly on cereal products and O. mercator chiefly on oilseed products. O. mercator is killed by cold in Britain, but O. surinamensis can survive and not infrequently becomes a pest. Eggs hatched at temperatures from 17·5 to 40°C. Egg mortality was high below 20°C. and above 37·5°C. Low humidity also increased egg mortality but did not affect the length of the instar which was shortest at 35°C. and above. On wheat‐feed, the larva of O. mercator grew more slowly than that of O. surinamensis and was more sensitive to low humidities. The optimum for O. mercator was about 30–32·5°C. and that for O. surinamensis about 3–35°C. Low humidity increased the length of the larval period, and at 10% R.H., O. mercator died outside the range 25–32·5° C. The shortest pupal period was observed at over 35°C. On coconut meal at 30°C. and 70% R.H., O. mercator grew faster than O. surinamensis , which could not grow on this food at lower humidities. O. mercator grew more slowly on this food than on wheatfeed. Neither species completed development on groundnut meal unless yeast powder was added. The usual number of larval moults before pupation was three, but a few individuals had four or two. The longer larval period of O. mercator is explained partly by the individual instars being slightly longer than in O. surinamensis and partly by the increased tendency for the latter species to have only two larval moults. The preoviposition period of both species at 30 and 33°C. was 3–8 days, usually about 5. O. mercator reached a peak of three eggs per female per day and O. surinamensis of 6–10 per female per day by the end of a week and maintained these rates for a month, laying about 200 and 375 eggs per female respectively. About 95% of eggs hatched. Both species can increase rapidly in the tropics, but neither can grow very quickly in unheated stores in Britain. O. surinamensis is a pest because it can survive in large numbers in the fabric of warehouses and multiply rapidly when warm or actively heating produce becomes available.
Pressure overload-induced mild cardiac hypertrophy reduces left ventricular transmural differences in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and increases oxidative stress (2012)

Endo mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities are reduced compared to LV Epi. Mild LVH impairs mitochondrial oxidative capacity, increases oxidative stress and reduces transmural complex IV activity. Further studies will be helpful to determine whether reduced LV transmural gradient in mitochondrial respiration might be a new marker of a transition from uncomplicated toward complicated LVH.
Mechanism of the single-headed processivity: Diffusional anchoring between the K-loop of kinesin and the C terminus of tubulin (2000)

A motor-domain construct of KIF1A, a single-headed kinesin superfamily protein, was demonstrated to take more than 600 steps before detaching from a microtubule. However, its molecular mechanism remained unclear. Here we demonstrate the nucleotide-dependent binding between the lysine-rich, highly positively charged loop 12 of the KIF1A motor domain (K-loop) and the glutamate-rich, highly negatively charged C-terminal region of tubulin (E-hook). This binding did not contribute in the strong binding state but only in the weak binding state. This binding was demonstrated to be essential for the single-headed processivity by functioning as the anchor for the one-dimensional simple Brownian movement in the weak binding state. This Brownian movement will allow the small KIF1A motor domain to span the distance between the binding sites on microtubule and also will give the diffusive nature to the movement of single KIF1A molecules. These observations quantitatively fitted well to the predictions made from our Brownian motor model on the mechanism of the single-headed processive movement.
Low‐Temperature Sintering of HfC/SiC Nanocomposites Using HfSi <sub>2</sub> ‐C Additives (2016)

HfC/SiC nanocomposites were fabricated via the reactive spark plasma sintering (R‐SPS) of a nano‐HfC powder and HfSi 2 ‐C sintering additives. The densification temperature decreased to 1750°C as the additive content increased. XRD analysis indicated the formation of pure HfC–(19.3–33.8 vol%) SiC within the sintered composites without residual silicide or oxide phases or secondary nonoxide phases. Ultrafine and homogeneously distributed HfC (470 nm) and SiC (300 nm) grains were obtained in the dense composites using nano‐HfC powder through the high‐energy ball‐milling of the raw powders and R‐SPS. Grain growth was further suppressed by the low‐temperature sintering using R‐SPS. No amorphous phase was identified at the grain boundary. The maximum Vickers hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness values of the HfC/SiC nanocomposites were 22 GPa, 292 GPa, and 2.44 MPa·m 1/2 , respectively.
Lossless region-based multispectral image compression (1997)

We present a lossless coding scheme for multispectral images. The algorithm differs from classical lossless approaches of multispectral image coding in the fact that it is based on an independent coding of spectrally homogeneous regions. Regions that present a common multispectral signature are segmented. Then, spectral prediction is performed within these regions and finally spatial prediction removes the remaining correlation in the error images. This spatial prediction is also performed inside the regions by a region growing prediction algorithm that exploits the spatial correlation within region boundaries. The motivations of using a region-based approach are twofold: (i) to achieve better coding performance by adaptively exploiting spectral redundancies and (ii) to introduce region scalability functionality to multispectral coding, where regions of interest are coded differently according to user preferences. Possible multispectral segmentations are discussed and an ordering of the spectral bands before spectral prediction is proposed. Spectral prediction is explained, a clustering method that optimizes this prediction is presented, the spatial decorrelation step is discussed, and finally, simulation results are given.
Spectroscopic properties of firefly luciferin and related compounds; an approach to product emission (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic properties of firefly luciferin and related compounds; an approach to product emissionRichard A. Morton, Thomas A. Hopkins, and Howard H. SeligerCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 4, 1598–1607Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00832a041https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00832a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views780Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dielectric increments of amino acids (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDielectric increments of amino acidsJ. T. Edward, P. G. Farrell, and J. L. JobCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 3, 902–906Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00810a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effects of environmental factors and agricultural techniques on antioxidantcontent of tomatoes (2003)

Abstract Antioxidants are believed to be important in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Lycopene is one of the main antioxidants to be found in fresh tomatoes and processed tomato products. The lycopene content also accounts for the redness of the fruit, which is one of the main qualities for which industry and consumers now look. Other carotenes (such as β‐carotene), vitamin C, vitamin E and various phenolic compounds are also thought to be health‐promoting factors with antioxidant properties. Since the antioxidant content of tomatoes may depend on genetic factors, the choice of variety cultivated may affect the results at harvest. To be able to control the antioxidant content of tomatoes at the field level when growing a given variety, it is necessary to know the effects of both environmental factors and the agricultural techniques used. Temperatures below 12 °C strongly inhibit lycopene biosynthesis and temperatures above 32 °C stop this process altogether. The effects of the temperature on the synthesis of other antioxidants have not yet been properly assessed. The effects of light have been studied more thoroughly, apart from those on vitamin E. The effects of water availability, mineral nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium) and plant growth regulators have been studied, but results are sometimes contradictory and the data often incomplete. During the ripening period, lycopene content of tomatoes increases sharply from the pink stage onwards, but no sufficient attempts have been made so far to assess the changes in the other antioxidants present in the fruit. This paper reviews the present state of the art. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The human 64-kDa polyadenylylation factor contains a ribonucleoprotein-type RNA binding domain and unusual auxiliary motifs. (1992)

Cleavage stimulation factor is one of the multiple factors required for 3'-end cleavage of mammalian pre-mRNAs. We have shown previously that this factor is composed of three subunits with estimated molecular masses of 77, 64, and 50 kDa and that the 64-kDa subunit can be UV-crosslinked to RNA in a polyadenylylation signal (AAUAAA)-dependent manner. We have now isolated cDNAs encoding the 64-kDa subunit of human cleavage stimulation factor. The 64-kDa subunit contains a ribonucleoprotein-type RNA binding domain in the N-terminal region and a repeat structure in the C-terminal region in which a pentapeptide sequence (consensus MEARA/G) is repeated 12 times and the formation of a long alpha-helix stabilized by salt bridges is predicted. An approximately 270-amino acid segment surrounding this repeat structure is highly enriched in proline and glycine residues (approximately 20% for each). When cloned 64-kDa subunit was expressed in Escherichia coli, an N-terminal fragment containing the RNA binding domain bound to RNAs in a polyadenylylation-signal-independent manner, suggesting that the RNA binding domain is directly involved in the binding of the 64-kDa subunit to pre-mRNAs.
Integrating EDI into the organization's systems: a model of the stages of integration (1991)

The growing importance of Electronic Data Interchange for the rapid transmission of intra- and interorganizational communications is becoming widely recognized. EDI itself is little more than a faster mail service: it is the opportunity to integrate EDI with internal application systems and organizational functions which separates it from other forms of electronic telecommunications - and makes EDI a truly strategic application, offering comparative advantage at the organizational national and international levels. This paper discusses the results of a series of case studies of Australian organizations involved with EDI, undertaken to determine whether integration with internal application systems can be defined as a series of comparatively standard and recurring stages. The results of the analysis indicate that while such integration does, indeed, occur in a relatively standard manner for a large class of EDI-using organizations, there are also three other classes of organization for each of which a different model is appropriate. Although these additional classes are small in terms of the number of organizations of which they are composed, they are significant in terms of their importance and influence on industry in general and on EDI penetration in particular.
DMD reliability: a MEMS success story (2003)

The Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) developed by Texas Instruments (TI) has made tremendous progress in both performance and reliability since it was first invented in 1987. From the first working concept of a bistable mirror, the DMD is now providing high-brightness, high-contrast, and high-reliability in over 1,500,000 projectors using Digital Light Processing technology. In early 2000, TI introduced the first DMD chip with a smaller mirror (14-micron pitch versus 17-micron pitch). This allowed a greater number of high-resolution DMD chips per wafer, thus providing an increased output capacity as well as the flexibility to use existing package designs. By using existing package designs, subsequent DMDs cost less as well as met our customers' demand for faster time to market. In recent years, the DMD achieved the status of being a commercially successful MEMS device. It reached this status by the efforts of hundreds of individuals working toward a common goal over many years. Neither textbooks nor design guidelines existed at the time. There was little infrastructure in place to support such a large endeavor. The knowledge we gained through our characterization and testing was all we had available to us through the first few years of development. Reliability was only a goal in 1992 when production development activity started; a goal that many throughout the industry and even within Texas Instruments doubted the DMD could achieve. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that we succeeded by exceeding the reliability goals.
Hypermethylation of multiple genes as clonal markers in multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly malignant and prone to multicentric occurrence. Differentiation between a true relapse of HCC and a second primary tumour appearing is of clinical importance. At this point, no convenient method is available to determine the origin of these HCCs. Tissue samples were obtained from 19 patients and analysed for the promoter hypermethylation status of multiple tumour suppressor genes (p16, DAP-Kinase, MGMT, GSTP1, APC, RIZ1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP5, RUNX3, and SOCS1) using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Methylation status was used to determine tumour clonality. In each of the 19 cases, at least one tumour was recognised as having an aberrantly methylated gene. The frequency of the methylation in tumour tissue was 57.1% in p16, 2.4% in DAP-kinase, 23.8% in GSTP1, 90.5% in APC, 45.2% in RIZ1, 64.3% in SFRP1, 59.5% in SFRP2, 28.6% in SFRP5, 47.6% in RUNX3, and 54.8% in SOCS1, while in MGMT, no aberrant methylation was detected. The methylation status of these genes was assessed using MSP as being either positive or negative, and was used to determine the tumour clonality. The clonality of every tumour could be decided even with lesions that could not be judged by clinical diagnosis or by another molecular method (mt DNA mutation). Determining the methylation status of multiple genes in multicentric HCC was useful as a clonal marker and provided useful information for characterising the tumour. From our findings, multicentric HCCs tend to occur more independently than metastatically from the original tumour. Expanded study should be pursued further for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Epigenetics and cancer (2010)

Genes interact with the environment, experience, and biology of the brain to shape an animal's behavior. This latest volume in Advances in Genetics, organized according to the most widely used model organisms, describes the latest genetic discoveries in relation to neural circuit development and activity. * Explores the latest topics in neural circuits and behavior research in zebrafish, drosophila, C.elegans, and mouse models * Includes methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications * Critically analyzes future prospects
Feature subset selection bias for classification learning (2006)

Feature selection is often applied to high-dimensional data prior to classification learning. Using the same training dataset in both selection and learning can result in so-called feature subset selection bias. This bias putatively can exacerbate data over-fitting and negatively affect classification performance. However, in current practice separate datasets are seldom employed for selection and learning, because dividing the training data into two datasets for feature selection and classifier learning respectively reduces the amount of data that can be used in either task. This work attempts to address this dilemma. We formalize selection bias for classification learning, analyze its statistical properties, and study factors that affect selection bias, as well as how the bias impacts classification learning via various experiments. This research endeavors to provide illustration and explanation why the bias may not cause negative impact in classification as much as expected in regression.
Molecular-Shape-Dependent Photophysical Properties of <i>meso</i>-β Doubly Linked Zn(II) Porphyrin Arrays and Their Indene-Fused Analogues (2010)

meso-β doubly linked Zn(II) porphyrin arrays and their indene-fused analogues were prepared by Suzuki−Miyaura coupling and subsequent oxidation with DDQ-Sc(OTf)3. The excited state properties of these conjugated porphyrin arrays have been investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy along with quantum mechanical calculations to reveal their molecular shape dependencies with respect to syn- versus anti-connectivity as well as nonfused versus fused structures. Nonfused syn-trimer exhibits nearly the same S1-state lifetime and two-photon absorption (TPA) value as the nonfused dimer, while the nonfused anti-trimer exhibits different values. The TD-DFT calculations also demonstrate that the nonfused anti-trimer has a different electronic structure from the corresponding syn-trimer. Indene-fused dimers and trimers exhibit the enhanced TPA values and shortened S1-state lifetime because of the elongated π-conjugation and the perturbation of electronic structures. Our research provides further insight into the molecular-shape-dependent electronic properties of meso-β doubly linked Zn(II) porphyrin arrays.