gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cycler Orbits and Solar System Pony Express (2022)

A network of small satellites is designed to ferry data from Mars to Earth. The small satellites, or data mules, are assumed to have laser communicators and maintain cycler orbits. The concept exploits the fact that two nearby optical communicators can achieve extremely high data rates and that cycler orbits carry a satellite between Mars and Earth regularly. The use of a network of satellites on phase-shifted cycler orbits ensures that transfers from Mars to Earth happen with regular cadence. The cycler approximations, combinations, and cross-link analysis steps are outlined and shown to produce favorable results achieving petabit-scale transfers approximately yearly with as few as six satellites without significantly impacting regular Deep Space Network operations, for an average data rate that is much better than direct downlink alone. Nomenclature EEM = Earth-Earth-Mars sequence of visits EM = Earth-Mars sequence of visits d = distance f, f = achieved and desired frequency of downlinks per year, respectively n = number of downlink events during a mission
Towards automated brachytherapy film implant labeling using statistical pattern recognition (2002)

This paper presents a new approach towards automating the identification and labeling of brachytherapy sources. Brachytherapy is a cancer treatment method in which radioactive sources (seeds) are implanted into and around cancerous tissues. A common method for determining the radiation dose distribution delivered to the patient requires analysis of two orthogonal radiographs that show the interstitial or intercavitary seed placement. First, the seeds must be identified on the radiographs, and then the corresponding seeds must be identified on both films. Once this labeling process is complete the spatial coordinates of the seeds can be determined and the 3 dimensional dose distribution can be computed. For the type of implant studied, typically the number of seeds is between 50 and 250, and the seed distributions are dense. The methodology for automatic seed labeling consists of three steps. First, Multiscale Geometric Statistical Pattern Recognition (MGSPR) is used to identify treatment relevant objects in the radiographs. Second, a priori information must be processed to verify the integrity of the object identification by MGSPR and to resolve any object identification ambiguities. Third, the identified objects are projected into 3 dimensions, completing the labeling task, and allowing computation of the dose distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The secondary structure of echistatin from <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR, circular‐dichroism and Raman spectroscopy (1991)

Detailed biophysical studies have been carried out on echistatin, a member of the disintegrin family of small, cysteine-rich, RGD-containing proteins, isolated from the venom of the saw-scaled viper Echis carinatus. Analysis of circular-dichroism spectra indicates that, at 20 degrees C, echistatin contains no alpha-helix but contains mostly beta-turns and beta-sheet. Two isobestic points are observed as the temperature is raised, the conformational changes associated with that observed between 40 degrees C and 72 degrees C being irreversible. Raman spectra also indicate considerable beta-turn and beta-sheet (20%) structure and an absence of alpha-helical structure. Three of the four disulphide bridges are shown to be in an all-gauche conformation, while the fourth adopts a trans-gauche-gauche conformation. The 1H-NMR spectrum of echistatin has been almost fully assigned. A single conformation was observed at 27 degrees C with the four proline residues adopting only the trans conformation. A large number of backbone amide protons were found to exchange slowly, but no segments of the backbone were found to be in either alpha-helical or beta-sheet conformation. A number of turns could be characterised. An irregular beta-hairpin contains the RGD sequence in a mobile loop at its tip. Two of the four disulphide cross-links have been identified from the NMR spectra. The data presented in this paper will serve to define the structure of echistatin more closely in subsequent studies.
Sound Event Localization and Detection of Overlapping Sources Using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

In this paper, we propose a convolutional recurrent neural network for joint sound event localization and detection (SELD) of multiple overlapping sound events in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The proposed network takes a sequence of consecutive spectrogram time frames as input and maps it to two outputs in parallel. As the first output, the sound event detection (SED) is performed as a multi-label classification task on each time frame producing temporal activity for all the sound event classes. As the second output, localization is performed by estimating the 3-D Cartesian coordinates of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) for each sound event class using multi-output regression. The proposed method is able to associate multiple DOAs with respective sound event labels and further track this association with respect to time. The proposed method uses separately the phase and magnitude component of the spectrogram calculated on each audio channel as the feature, thereby avoiding any method- and array-specific feature extraction. The method is evaluated on five Ambisonic and two circular array format datasets with different overlapping sound events in anechoic, reverberant, and real-life scenarios. The proposed method is compared with two SED, three DOA estimation, and one SELD baselines. The results show that the proposed method is generic and applicable to any array structures, robust to unseen DOA values, reverberation, and low SNR scenarios. The proposed method achieved a consistently higher recall of the estimated number of DOAs across datasets in comparison to the best baseline. Additionally, this recall was observed to be significantly better than the best baseline method for a higher number of overlapping sound events.
Ion transport mediated by the valinomycin analogue cyclo(L-Lac-L-Val-D-Pro-D-Val)3 in lipid bilayer membranes. (1981)

Cyclo(L-Lac-L-Val-D-Pro-D-Val)3 (PV-Lac) a structural analogue of the ion-carrier valinomycin, increases the cation permeability of lipid bilayer membranes by forming a 1:1 ion-carrier complex. The selectively sequence for PV-Lac is identical to that of valinomycin; i.e., Rb+ greater than K+ greater than Cs+ greater than or equal to NH+4 greater than Na+ greater than Li+. The steady-state zero-voltage conductance, G(0), is a saturating function of KCl concentration. A similar behavior was found for Rb+, Cs+, and NH+4. However, the ion concentration at which G(0) reaches a plateau strongly depends on membrane composition. The current-voltage curves present saturating characteristics, except at low ion concentrations of Rb+, K+, or Cs+. The ion concentration at which the saturating characteristics appear depends on membrane composition. These and other results presented in this paper agree with a model that assumes complexation between carrier and ion at the membrane-water interface. Current relaxation after voltage-jump studies were also performed for PV-Lac. Both the time constant and the amplitude of the current after a voltage jump strongly depend on ion concentration and membrane composition. These results, together with the stationary conductance data, were used to evaluate the rate constants of the PV-Lac-mediated K+ transport. In glycerolmonooleate they are: association rate constant, 2 x 10(6) M-1 s-1; dissociation rate constant, 4 x 10(5) s-1; translocation rate constant for complex, 5 x 10(4) s-1; and the rate of translocation of the free carrier (ks), 55 s-1. ks is much smaller for PV-Lac than for valinomycin and thus limits the efficiency with which the carrier is able to translocate cations across the membrane.
Advances in error correction coding for high-speed optical transmission (2013)

Several attractive classes of LDPC codes including quasi-cyclic (QC), convolutional, staircase, and spatially-coupled codes are described. We show that these classes of LDPC codes can be derived from QC-LDPC code design. We demonstrate that record coding gains can be obtained from properly designed irregular QC-LDPC codes.
OVERVIEW OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION SOURCES (2004)

Although terahertz (THz) radiation was first observed ab ou t hu nd red year s ag o, the co rresp ond ing portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has been for long time considered a rather poorly explored region at the bounda ry between t he m icrowav es and the infrared. Th is situation has changed during the past ten years with the rapid de velopm ent of co he rent THz s ources , such as solid state oscillators, quantum cascade lasers, optically pumped solid state devices and novel free electron devices, which have in turn stimulated a wide variety of ap plication s from material scien ce to teleco mmu nicatio ns, from biology to biom edi cine. Fo r a com preh ensive review of THz technology the reader is addressed to a recent paper by P. Siegel [1]. In this paper we focus on the devel opm ent and pe rspect ives of T H z radi ation so urce s.
Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation (2009)

More randomized controlled clinical studies in large numbers of PIH patients are needed to provide standardized measurable outcomes in this indication.
Symptomatic spondylolysis: diagnosis and treatment (2004)

The long-term sequelae of symptomatic spondylolysis and unhealed pars defects require investigation. MRI promises to be a valuable tool for diagnosis and clinical stratification, but further studies are necessary to demonstrate its clinical utility.
Peritoneal Dialysis Kinetic Modeling: Validation in a Multicenter Clinical Study (1996)

Data for a carefully performed PET and overnight exchange can, in combination with a scientifically validated kinetic model, provide clinicians with a powerful mathematical tool for use in CAPD dialysis prescription management. Although not intended to replace actual measurements, kinetic modeling can prove useful as a means for predicting clearances for various alternative prescriptions and perhaps also as a means for checking certain types of noncompliance.
Does Adiabatic Quantum Optimization Fail for NP-Complete Problems? (2011)

It has been recently argued that adiabatic quantum optimization would fail in solving NP-complete problems because of the occurrence of exponentially small gaps due to crossing of local minima of the final Hamiltonian with its global minimum near the end of the adiabatic evolution. Using perturbation expansion, we analytically show that for the NP-hard problem known as maximum independent set, there always exist adiabatic paths along which no such crossings occur. Therefore, in order to prove that adiabatic quantum optimization fails for any NP-complete problem, one must prove that it is impossible to find any such path in polynomial time.
Morphology of the nonspherically decaying radiation beam generated by a rotating superluminal source (2007)

We consider the nonspherically decaying radiation field that is generated by a polarization current with a superluminally rotating distribution pattern in vacuum, a field that decays with the distance R(P) from its source as R(P)(-1/2), instead of R(P)(-1). It is shown (i) that the nonspherical decay of this emission remains in force at all distances from its source independently of the frequency of the radiation, (ii) that the part of the source that makes the main contribution toward the value of the nonspherically decaying field has a filamentary structure whose radial and azimuthal widths become narrower (as R(P)(-2) and R(P)(-3), respectively) the farther the observer is from the source, (iii) that the loci on which the waves emanating from this filament interfere constructively delineate a radiation subbeam that is nondiffracting in the polar direction, (iv) that the cross-sectional area of each nondiffracting subbeam increases as R(P), instead of R(P)(2), so that the requirements of conservation of energy are met by the nonspherically decaying radiation automatically, and (v) that the overall radiation beam within which the field decays nonspherically consists, in general, of the incoherent superposition of such coherent nondiffracting subbeams. These findings are related to the recent construction and use of superluminal sources in the laboratory and numerical models of the emission from them. We also briefly discuss the relevance of these results to the giant pulses received from pulsars.
Production and Size Distribution of Rice Maitodextrins Hydrolyzed from Milled Rice Flour using Heat‐Stable Alpha‐Amylase (1989)

ABSTRACT Maltodextrins were produced from milled rice flour in a single‐step process using a heat‐stable α‐amylase preparation. The starting solids content was 30% (w/w), and processing temperatures and times were varied between 70–97°C and 15–75 min, respectively. Optimum liquefied starch yields, which accounted for virtually all of the starch present, were obtained at temperatures of 80°C and above, but reducing sugars and DE values were highest at 70°C. Low molecular weight saccharide concentrations (DP 1–10) were greatest at 80°C. Because processing at temperatures of 90–97°C resulted in decreased levels of reducing sugars and DP 1–10 concentrations without providing a substantial increase in solubilized starch yields, it was concluded that rice maltodextrins could be most effectively produced at a processing temperature of 80°C.
An integrated procedure for three-dimensional structural analysis with the finite cover method (2005)

In this paper an integrated procedure for three-dimensional (3D) structural analyses with the finite cover method (FCM) is introduced. In the pre-process of this procedure, the geometry of a structure is modelled by 3D-CAD, followed by digitization to have the corresponding voxel model, and then the structure is covered by a union of mathematical covers, namely a mathematical mesh independently generated for approximation purposes. Since the mesh topology in the FCM does not need to conform to the physical boundaries of the structure, the mesh can be regular and structured. Thus, the numerical analysis procedure is free from the difficulties mesh generation typically poses and, in this sense, enables us to realize the mesh-free analysis. After formulating the FCM with interface elements for the static equilibrium state of a structure, we detail the procedure of the finite cover modelling, including the geometry modelling with 3D-CAD and the identification of the geometry covered by a regular mesh for numerical integration. Prior to full 3D modelling and analysis, we present a simple numerical example to confirm the equivalence of the performance of the FCM and that of the standard finite element method (FEM). Finally, representative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed analysis procedure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid Composition of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> During Growth and Sporulation (1970)

The lipid composition of Bacillus cereus during growth and sporulation was examined. The total lipid extract accounted for 2 to 3% of the dry weight of the cells and consisted of neutral lipids (30 to 40%) and phospholipids (60 to 70%). Phospholipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography into eight components; phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, and diphosphatidyl glycerol were the major phospholipids and accounted for over 90% of the total. Also identified was a diglycosyl diglyceride and an alanine ester of phosphatidyl glycerol. Diphosphatidyl glycerol was more difficult to extract than the other components in vegetative and stationary-phase cells, but became increasingly easy to extract during spore maturation, and during sporulation cellular levels increased. Phosphatidyl glycerol had a high turnover rate; it accounted for about 70% of the phospholipid synthesis throughout sporulation but only represented between 30 and 40% of the total phospholipid at any time. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, on the other hand, accounted for about 20% of the synthesis but was the major phospholipid (50 to 60% of the total).
3‐D prestack depth migration of common‐azimuth data (1995)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19953‐D prestack depth migration of common‐azimuth dataAuthors: Biondo L. BiondiGopal PalacharlaBiondo L. BiondiStanford University and Gopal PalacharlaStanford Universityhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887317 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887317FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByRegularized least‐squares inversion for 3‐D subsalt imagingMarie L. Clapp, Robert G. Clapp, and Biondo L. Biondi7 December 20053-D Pre-Stack Depth Migration by Radon Projection31 May 2013 | Chinese Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 47, No. 2 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1995 Pages: 1566 publication data© 1995 Copyright © 1995 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Biondo L. Biondi and Gopal Palacharla, (1995), "3‐D prestack depth migration of common‐azimuth data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1197-1200. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887317 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Encapsulated Collagen Microspheres for Bone Tissue Engineering (2009)

There is a demonstrated clinical need for alternatives of autologous fresh bone graft with excellent biological performance in osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and osteogenicity. We previously developed a collagen microencapsulation technology entrapping bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a biomimetic collagen fiber meshwork and produced injectable collagen-MSC microspheres. In this study, we hypothesize that injectable microspheres with osteoconductivity, osteogenicity, and osteoinductivity can be fabricated by differentiating the encapsulated MSCs, from either human or mouse sources, toward osteogenic lineages in these three-dimensional microspheres. The osteogenicity, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity of the microspheres were evaluated in vitro. Osteogenic markers of the differentiating MSCs including alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition showed positive staining. Osteoconductivity of the collagen meshwork in the microsphere was demonstrated by the presence of calcium phosphate deposits among the collagen fibers and by the significantly increased calcium content extracted from the microspheres. Moreover, osteoinductivity of the MSC-encapsulated microspheres was demonstrated by the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of undifferentiated MSCs in both contact and noncontact coculture. This study contributes toward the future development of injectable alternatives for fresh bone grafts using autologous MSCs.
The NSLS-II multilayer Laue lens deposition system (2009)

The NSLS-II[1] program has a requirement for an unprecedented level of x-ray nanofocusing and has selected the wedged multilayer Laue lens[2,3] (MLL) as the optic of choice to meet this goal. In order to fabricate the MLL a deposition system capable of depositing depth-graded and laterally-graded multilayers with precise thickness control over many thousands of layers, with total film growth in one run up to 100μm thick or greater is required. This machine design expounds on the positive features of a rotary deposition system[4] constructed previously for MLLs and will contain multiple stationary, horizontally-oriented magnetron sources. A transport will move a substrate back and forth in a linear fashion over shaped apertures at well-defined velocities to affect a multilayer coating.
Trastuzumab Triggers Phagocytic Killing of High HER2 Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Interaction with Fcγ Receptors on Macrophages (2015)

Trastuzumab has been used for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer for more than a decade, but the mechanisms of action for the therapy are still being actively investigated. Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells is well recognized as one of the key mechanisms of action for trastuzumab, but trastuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) has not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that macrophages, by way of phagocytic engulfment, can mediate ADCP and cancer cell killing in the presence of trastuzumab. Increased infiltration of macrophages in the tumor tissue was associated with enhanced efficacy of trastuzumab whereas depletion of macrophages resulted in reduced antitumor efficacy in mouse xenograft tumor models. Among the four mouse FcγRs, FcγRIV exhibits the strongest binding affinity to trastuzumab. Knockdown of FcγRIV in mouse macrophages reduced cancer cell killing and ADCP activity triggered by trastuzumab. Consistently, an upregulation of FcγRIV expression by IFN-γ triggered an increased ADCP activity by trastuzumab. In an analogous fashion, IFN-γ priming of human macrophages increased the expression of FcγRIII, the ortholog of murine FcγRIV, and increased trastuzumab-mediated cancer cell killing. Thus, in two independent systems, the results indicated that activation of macrophages in combination with trastuzumab can serve as a therapeutic strategy for treating high HER2 breast cancer by boosting ADCP killing of cancer cells.
A novel total synthesis of kinsenoside and goodyeroside A relying on the efficient reaction of the chiral 2(5H)-furanones (2005)

A new total synthesis of the bioactive compounds, kinsenoside and goodyeroside A, has been accomplished from readily available starting materials. The chiral 2(5H)-furanone and its enantiomer were employed as the key chiral intermediates to construct the chiral glycosides and with the appropriate stereochemistry. The spectral data of the target compounds and their acetylated derivatives and are identical with those of the natural and corresponding acetylated products.
Universal Epitopes for Human CD4<sup>+</sup>Cells on Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxins (2000)

Previous studies suggested that tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (TTD and DTD, respectively) contain "universal" epitopes for human CD4+ cells (residues 632-651 and 950-969 of TTD and 271-290, 321-350, 351-370, 411-430, and 431-450 of DTD). To investigate whether CD4+ cells of 100 randomly selected subjects recognized those sequences, the proliferation of CD4+ cell-enriched blood lymphocytes to TTD and DTD and individual synthetic universal epitopes was measured. CD4+ cells of 98 subjects recognized both toxoids, those of 1 subject only TTD, and those of 1 only DTD. The TTD peptides and DTD peptides 271-290 and 331-350 were recognized by >/=80% of the toxoid-sensitized subjects. The other DTD sequences were recognized by 63%-71% of subjects. DR-homozygous subjects recognized several universal epitopes less frequently than did DR-heterozygous subjects. The intensity of responses to the epitope peptides correlated with that to TTD or DTD, consistent with recognition of the peptides by CD4+ cells specific for the cognate toxoid.
The influence of boundary locations on wiring capacitance simulation (1989)

The influence of boundary conditions on periodic wiring capacitance simulations is investigated. It is found that the wiring capacitance depends strongly on the boundary locations. The Neumann boundary condition is used at the planes of symmetry which bound the calculation region. For simulating a periodic wiring pattern, the Neumann boundary plane is usually placed at the center of an electrode. However, when the Neumann boundary plane is placed at the center of an insulator between neighboring electrodes, the simulated capacitance becomes 20% larger than that for the usual boundary location. This discrepancy is analyzed and a novel technique for calculating accurate capacitances is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>