gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Every Day Successes: Powerful Integration of Social Studies Content and English-Language Arts. (2011)

Instructional time for social studies has been reduced nationwide, particularly in the elementary grades. Yet states continue to promote content standards in history, economics, civics, and geography for young learners. Purposeful integrative content that is appropriate for grades K-6, while sometimes difficult to find, seems to many elementary school teachers to be a favored approach. Research suggests that instructional time devoted to elementary social studies is minimal at best.1 There also seems to be a discernible trend that teachers are finding ways to incorporate social studies throughout the school day, by carefully integrating content. Recognizing these realities, the author team (a classroom teacher and two teacher educators) has worked together for the past three years to document and report through publications and conference presentations how fifth grade teacher Mary Ledbetter finds time to plan and implement highquality social studies instruction through content integration. We wanted to know how she does the work of social studies in her classroom and what high-impact strategies she uses to connect social studies content to other content in a very full curriculum. We have found that purposeful content integration is an effective means of providing young children with rich learning experiences in the social studies. This article features the successful integration techniques that Mary uses as she and her fifth grade students work together to learn social studies through integrated instruction.
Long-Term Bone Loss in Men: Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors (1992)

Bone loss in men during mid-life is determined, at least in part, by environmental factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, and, possibly, physical activity. Rates of bone loss were similar within twin pairs, apparently because of a shared environment.
Development of an aerodynamic synthetic jet actuator based on a piezoceramic buckled beam (2006)

This thesis documents the development of a synthetic jet actuator powered by an Enhanced Displacement (ED) motor based on piezoceramic bimorph beam operating in a post-buckled state. The motor is modeled using Lagrange's equations to capture the post-buckling beam dynamics and the dynamics of supporting elements of the motor. The fluid section of the actuator, including the air pressure and velocity within chamber, is modeled by a three-state adiabatic flow model. The motor and fluid models are coupled together to form a complete synthetic jet actuator model. An ED motor was fabricated and tested and shows that it produces eight times the energy compared to the same bimorph operated without a buckling load. Motor and model data agree well for both static and dynamic operation. The ED motor was installed in a synthetic jet actuator and demonstrated the ability to produce flows in excess of 15 m/sec with duty cycles varying between 2 Hz and 30 Hz. For these tests the drive signal used was a square wave and jet velocity was only mildly dependent of actuation frequency.
Waste polyethylene terephthalate as an aggregate in concrete (2013)

This paper reports the strength behaviour of concrete containing three types of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) aggregate. Results are also analysed to determine the PET-aggregate's effect on the relationship between the flexural and splitting tensile strengths and compressive strength and to know whether the relationships between compressive strength and other strength characteristics given in European design codes are applicable to concrete made with PET-aggregates. The compressive strength development of concrete containing all types of PET-aggregate behaves like in conventional concrete, though the incorporation of any type of PET-aggregate significantly lowers the compressive strength of the resulting concrete. The PET-aggregate incorporation improves the toughness behaviour of the resulting concrete. This behaviour is dependent on PET-aggregate's shape and is maximised for concrete containing coarse, flaky PET-aggregate. The splitting tensile and flexural strength characteristics are proportional to the loss in compressive strength of concrete containing plastic aggregates.
A New Starting Method of BLDC Motors Without Position Sensor (2006)

This paper presents a novel method to detect the rotor position of the brushless dc (BLDC) motor of a hard disk drive (HDD) at a standstill and a startup method to accelerate the rotor up to a certain speed where the conventional position sensorless control methods based on the back electromotive force could work reasonably. The proposed initial rotor-position-estimation method is suitable to avoid the temporary reverse rotation or the starting failure of the HDD. The principle of the estimation is based on the variation of the current response caused by the magnetic saturation of the stator core of the BLDC motor when the current flows along the magnetic axis. This method can be implemented using only one current sensor at the dc link of the inverter, which is a prerequisite for the HDD drive. It does not depend on the model of the motor, and it is robust to motor parameter variations. Using the proposed method, it is demonstrated experimentally that a stable start-up can be achieved even with a severe mechanical disturbance
Influence of Geometrical Factor on Heat Conduction Rate During GTAW for Welding-Based Deposition (2001)

Abstract To successfully control the welding process and make it appropriate for the welding-based deposition (WBD) process, it is necessary to fully understand the influence of the welding process parameters and the geometry of the welding scenery on the resulting weld-bead dimensions. A new parameter, referred to as the geometrical factor, was defined in order to reflect on the geometrical configuration in the molten pool vicinity. An accurate dynamic model and an expression for the heat conduction rate that included the net heat input, the filler metal flow rate, the workpiece velocity and geometrical factor, were developed by balancing mass and energy flow through the control volume set around the molten pool. An open-loop controller for the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process, based on the developed model, was designed and experimentally tested by controlling the metal layer deposition process on top of a workpiece with complex geometrical features, such as conformal channels, edges, and corners. The controller performed well and demonstrated the capability to adjust the welding process parameters according to demanding welding conditions.
A phase-shift controlled bi-directional DC-DC converter (2003)

The newly developed phase-shift controlled bidirectional DC-DC converter has the conventional features of phase-shifted converters, including zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and constant switching frequency. However, it has been improved by developing a bi-directional power flow capability and applying synchronous rectification, hence the on-state voltage drop of the active device is small.
Structural and Computational Analysis of the Quinone-binding Site of Complex II (Succinate-Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase) (2005)

The transfer of electrons and protons between membrane-bound respiratory complexes is facilitated by lipid-soluble redox-active quinone molecules (Q). This work presents a structural analysis of the quinone-binding site (Q-site) identified in succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) from Escherichia coli. SQR, often referred to as Complex II or succinate dehydrogenase, is a functional member of the Krebs cycle and the aerobic respiratory chain and couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of quinone to quinol (QH(2)). The interaction between ubiquinone and the Q-site of the protein appears to be mediated solely by hydrogen bonding between the O1 carbonyl group of the quinone and the side chain of a conserved tyrosine residue. In this work, SQR was co-crystallized with the ubiquinone binding-site inhibitor Atpenin A5 (AA5) to confirm the binding position of the inhibitor and reveal additional structural details of the Q-site. The electron density for AA5 was located within the same hydrophobic pocket as ubiquinone at, however, a different position within the pocket. AA5 was bound deeper into the site prompting further assessment using protein-ligand docking experiments in silico. The initial interpretation of the Q-site was re-evaluated in the light of the new SQR-AA5 structure and protein-ligand docking data. Two binding positions, the Q(1)-site and Q(2)-site, are proposed for the E. coli SQR quinone-binding site to explain these data. At the Q(2)-site, the side chains of a serine and histidine residue are suitably positioned to provide hydrogen bonding partners to the O4 carbonyl and methoxy groups of ubiquinone, respectively. This allows us to propose a mechanism for the reduction of ubiquinone during the catalytic turnover of the enzyme.
Growth kinetics of microorganisms isolated from Alaskan soil and permafrost in solid media frozen down to â35Â°C (2006)

We developed a procedure to culture microorganisms below freezing point on solid media (cellulose powder or plastic film) with ethanol as the sole carbon source without using artificial antifreezes. Enrichment from soil and permafrost obtained on such frozen solid media contained mainly fungi, and further purification resulted in isolation of basidiomycetous yeasts of the genera Mrakia and Leucosporidium as well as ascomycetous fungi of the genus Geomyces. Contrary to solid frozen media, the enrichment of liquid nutrient solutions at 0 degrees C or supercooled solutions stabilized by glycerol at -1 to -5 degrees C led to the isolation of bacteria representing the genera Polaromonas, Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter. The growth of fungi on ethanol-microcrystalline cellulose media at -8 degrees C was exponential with generation times of 4.6-34 days, while bacteria displayed a linear or progressively declining curvilinear dynamic. At -17 to -0 degrees C the growth of isolates and entire soil community on 14C-ethanol was continuous and characterized by yields of 0.27-0.52 g cell C (g of C-substrate)(-1), similar to growth above the freezing point. The 'state of maintenance,' implying measurable catabolic activity of non-growing cells, was not confirmed. Below -18 to -35 degrees C, the isolated organisms were able to grow only transiently for 3 weeks after cooling with measurable respiratory and biosynthetic (14CO2 uptake) activity. Then metabolic activity declined to zero, and microorganisms entered a state of reversible dormancy.
Patterning Functional Proteins with High Selectivity for Biosensor Applications (2008)

In this article, two-dimensional hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) micropatterns were generated on glass substrates using photolithographic techniques for the assembly of functional proteins. The non-HMDS patterned areas were backfilled with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) silane to reduce the nonspecific protein adsorption. The hydrophobic methyl-terminated HMDS monolayer was verified to be favorable for physical protein adsorption with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The PEG-silane derivatized surface significantly reduced the BSA nonspecific binding by 97% compared to the pristine glass substrate so that high patterning selectivity was achieved. A universal streptavidin template was generated using preadsorbed biotinylated BSA on HMDS surface to sequentially bind additional biotinylated antibodies. Using this patterning strategy, the biotinylated goat anti-mouse (biotin-GAM) antibodies can be specifically recognized by the fluorescently labeled mouse immunoglobulin G, which indicated that the immobilized biotin-GAM was still bioactive. Also, the immobilized alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated to retain its enzymatic functionality by the ability to convert its fluorogenic substrate fluorescein diphosphate into fluorescent products. This simple and effective protein patterning technique can also be extended to create nanoscale protein arrays. Additionally, its adaptability for the assembly of arbitrary proteins and antibodies provides great potentials for biosensor and biomicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications.
Intensity noise suppression and modulation characteristics of a laser diode coupled to an external cavity (1984)

Static and dynamic properties of a GaAlAs laser diode with an external cavity (1.5-50 cm) have been studied experimentally, it is found that the optical feedback induced intensity noise is strikingly suppressed by 30 dB when a single frequency oscillation is realized with good phase matching. The threshold of modulation depth, over which intensity noise increases abruptly, has been measured as a function of the modulation frequency in a range of 10-400 MHz. It has the maximum at about 40-70 MHz and increases with the decrease of the external cavity length. On the basis of the compound cavity model the phase and gain conditions for the single frequency oscillation are discussed and the threshold modulation depth is calculated, which is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Three‐Dimensional Tissue Models of Normal and Diseased Skin (2008)

Over the last decade, the development of in vitro, human, three-dimensional (3D) tissue models, known as human skin equivalents (HSEs), has furthered understanding of epidermal cell biology and provided novel experimental systems. Signaling pathways that mediate the linkage between growth and differentiation function optimally when cells are spatially organized to display the architectural features seen in vivo, but are uncoupled and lost in two-dimensional culture systems. HSEs consist of a stratified squamous epithelium grown at an air-liquid interface on a collagen matrix populated with dermal fibroblasts. These 3D tissues demonstrate in vivo-like epithelial differentiation and morphology, and rates of cell division, similar to those found in human skin. This unit describes fabrication of HSEs, allowing the generation of human tissues that mimic the morphology, differentiation, and growth of human skin, as well as disease processes of cancer and wound re-epithelialization, providing powerful new tools for the study of diseases in humans.
Studies on the Syntheses of Quinoline Derivatives. II (1964)

As part of attempts to find new antipyretic-analgesic agents, following the previous work on the syntheses of quinoline and cinchophen derivatives, derivatives of 1-acyl-3-dimethylamino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline and its related compounds were synthesized. Some examinations were made on their synthetic methods and some of its observations are reported.
Reliable Broadcast Scheme for IEEE 802.15.5 Low-Rate WPAN Mesh Networks (2012)

The IEEE has recently released IEEE 802.15.5 standard [3] to provide multi-hop mesh functions for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In this paper, we extensively describe a link-layer reliable broadcast protocol referred to as timer-based reliable broadcast (TRB) [3] in the IEEE 802.15.5 standard. The TRB scheme exploits (1) bitmap based implicit ACK to effectively reduce the unnecessary error control messages and (2) randomized timer for ACK transmission to substantially reduce the possibility of contentions. Performance evaluation shows that the TRB scheme achieves 100% reliability compared with other schemes with expense of slightly increased energy consumption.
Sterically Crowded Hexaalkyl Benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis[α-(alkoxycarbonyl)propanoates]. Synthesis and Conformation Analysis (2000)

A selective hexa-fold monoalkylation of the malonester carbanion (-) CH(COOR) 2 (R = Me, Et, t -Bu, Bn) with hexakis(bromomethyl)benzene afforded the title compounds 3 in a high-yield reactions. On subsequent replacement of the acid α-hydrogens with bulkier substituents, the title compounds 3 , R = Et, provided a broad variety of the α-X-persubstituted homologues and derivatives 4 (X = Me, Et, Bu, Oc, Bn, Br, N 3 ). The effect of the variable X substituent on conformation was investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with the results obtained by theoretical calculation.
A Comparison Between Label-Setting and Label-Correcting Algorithms for Computing One-to-One Shortest Paths ∗ (2000)

We examined the dose responsiveness of polyarginine R18 (100, 300, and 1000 nmol/kg) when administered 60 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The TAT-NR2B9c peptide, which is known to be neuroprotective in rodent and nonhuman primate stroke models, served as a positive control. At 24 hours after MCAO, there was reduced total infarct volume in R18 treated animals at all doses, but this reduction only reached statistical significance at doses of 100 and 1000 nmol/kg. The TAT-NR2B9c peptide reduced infarct volume at doses of 300 and 1000 nmol/kg, but not to a statistically significant extent, while the 100 nmol/kg dose was ineffective. The reduction in infarct volume with R18 and TAT-NR2B9c peptide treatments was mirrored by improvements in one or more functional outcomes (namely, neurological score, adhesive tape removal, and rota-rod), but not to a statistically significant extent. These findings further confirm the neuroprotective properties of polyarginine peptides and for R18 extend its therapeutic time window and dose range, as well as demonstrating its greater efficacy compared to TAT-NR2B9c in a severe stroke model. The superior neuroprotective efficacy of R18 over TAT-NR2B9c highlights the potential of this polyarginine peptide as a lead candidate for studies in human stroke.
Robust L₁ Norm Factorization in the Presence of Outliers and Missing Data by Alternative Convex Programming (2005)

Matrix factorization has many applications in computer vision. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is the standard algorithm for factorization. When there are outliers and missing data, which often happen in real measurements, SVD is no longer applicable. For robustness iteratively re-weighted least squares (IRLS) is often used for factorization by assigning a weight to each element in the measurements. Because it uses L/sub 2/ norm, good initialization in IRLS is critical for success, but is nontrivial. In this paper, we formulate matrix factorization as a L/sub 1/ norm minimization problem that is solved efficiently by alternative convex programming. Our formulation 1) is robust without requiring initial weighting, 2) handles missing data straightforwardly, and 3) provides a framework in which constraints and prior knowledge (if available) can be conveniently incorporated. In the experiments we apply our approach to factorization-based structure from motion. It is shown that our approach achieves better results than other approaches (including IRLS) on both synthetic and real data.
Cell spreading distinguishes the mechanism of augmentation of T cell activation by integrin-associated protein/CD47 and CD28 (1999)

Integrin-associated protein (IAP/CD47) is a 50 kDa transmembrane protein initially defined as a regulator of beta3 integrin-mediated functions in neutrophils. IAP also can synergize with the TCR in T cell activation independent of beta3 integrins. To analyze the mechanism for IAP synergy with TCR, we expressed in Jurkat cells a chimeric molecule, consisting of the CD16 extracellular domain, the CD7 transmembrane domain and the TCR zeta chain cytoplasmic tail (CD16-7-zeta), which on its own is unable to induce IL-2 production. Ligation of IAP acted in synergy with TCR to induce IL-2 transcription and synthesis, but failed to synergize with the signal generated by CD16-7-zeta, while CD28 was a potent co-stimulator with both TCR and CD16-7-zeta. The failure of IAP to activate Jurkat together with CD16-7-zeta correlated with a lack of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, but not extracellular-signal-regulated kinase activation. Jurkat adhesion to anti-IAP, but not anti-CD28, induced cell spreading and the same domains of IAP required for augmentation of T cell activation were required to induce cell spreading. IAP synergy with TCR signaling likely results from its ability to stimulate adhesion to a ligand-expressing surface or antigen-presenting cell (APC), rather than from initiation of a novel signaling cascade. We conclude that a major role for ligation of IAP in T cell activation is to enhance the efficiency of TCR signaling by causing T cells to spread on an APC or surface.
Structural basis for antiviral activity of flavonoids-naturally occurring compounds. (1988)

The effect of different substituents of quercetin and luteolin on the ability to inhibit the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) replication in RK-13 cells was studied. It seems that parent compounds with free hydroxyl groups at C-5, C-7, C-3', C-4' and additionally at C-3 have the highest activity. Substitution of those groups caused decrease of or completely abolished the antiviral activity of the tested compounds.
Steel Girt Design (1989)

Procedures are presented for the design of light gage cold formed girts and hot rolled girts. The effects of continuity, sag rods, and wall sheeting are discussed. Design procedures are presented for girts subjected to both wind pressures and suctions. Considerations relative to girts and their interaction with other building components are also discussed.
Flicker noise characterization and modeling of MOSFETs for RF IC design (2003)

This paper reviews the recent results of the flicker noise characterization and modeling of MOSFETs for RF IC design. The dependences of flicker noise characteristics to process parameters, such as the thickness and quality of gate oxide, and the device parameters, such as the channel length/width and fingers, have been summarized to better understand the flicker noise bahavior and develop physical and accurate flicker noise models. The physical origin of the flicker noise and the issues of the existing compact models in predicting the flicker noise characteristics have been also discussed. Furthermore, the impact of flicker noise to the phase noise of RF circuits is studied while looking for either process or circuit approaches to reduce the influence of flicker noise contribution to the circuit noise. Finally, some modeling approaches are proposed to improve existing compact flicker noise models to predict the noise behavior of RF circuits well.
Fine-Tuning of Type I Interferon Response by STAT3 (2019)

Type I interferon (IFN-I) is induced during innate immune response and is required for initiating antiviral activity, growth inhibition, and immunomodulation. STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 are activated in response to IFN-I stimulation. STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 form ISGF3 complex which transactivates downstream IFN-stimulated genes and mediates antiviral response. However, the role of STAT3 remains to be characterized. Here, we review the multiple actions of STAT3 on suppressing IFN-I responses, including blocking IFN-I signaling, downregulating the expression of ISGF3 components, and antagonizing the transcriptional activity of ISGF3. Finally, we discuss the evolution of the suppressive activity of STAT3 and the therapeutic potential of STAT3 inhibitors in host defense against viral infections and IFN-I-associated diseases.
Endothelial function is impaired in fit young adults of low birth weight (1998)

The findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction is a consequence of foetal malnutrition, consistent with contributing to the clinical features of the 'Small Baby Syndrome' in later adult life.
Handbook of LC‐MS Bioanalysis (2013)

Presenting the best practices, experimental protocols, and the latest understanding of regulations, this book offers a comprehensive review of LC–MS bioanalysis of small molecules and macromolecules. It not only addresses the needs of bioanalytical scientists working on routine projects, but also explores advanced and emerging technologies such as high–resolution mass spectrometry and dried blood spot microsampling.