gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional Deposition of Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract (1977)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Clearance Zones in the Respiratory Tract Anterior Nares Ciliated Nasal Passages Nasopharynx, Oral Passages, and Larynx Tracheobronchial Tree Alevolar Zone Factors Affecting Regional Particle Deposition Deposition Mechanisms Aerosol Factors Respiratory and Flow Factors Anatomical Factors Physiological Factors Environmental Factors Effects of Pollutant Gases and Aerosols Effects of Chronic Lung Disease Techniques for Measuring Particle Deposition Comparison of Particle Contents in Inhaled and Exhaled Air External in vivo Measurement of γ‐Labeled Particle Retention Sacrifice and Dissection by Regions in Experimental Animals Deposition in Model Systems and Excised Lungs Experimental Regional Deposition Data Deposition in Human Beings Deposition in Experimental Animals Predictive Deposition Models Deposition of Ambient Atmospheric Aerosol
Aggregation Kinetics of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Aquatic Systems: Measurements and Environmental Implications (2008)

The initial aggregation kinetics of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were examined through time-resolved dynamic light scattering. Aggregation of MWNTs was evaluated by varying solution pH and the concentration of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2 and MgCl2) salts. Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) was used to study the effect of background natural organic matter on MWNT aggregation kinetics, Increasing salt concentration and addition of divalent calcium and magnesium ions induced MWNT aggregation by suppressing electrostatic repulsion, similar to observations with aquatic colloidal particles. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values for MWNTs were estimated as 25 mM NaCI, 2.6 mM CaCl2, and 1.5 mM MgCl2. An increase in solution pH from acidic (pH 3) to basic (pH 11) conditions resulted in a substantial (over 2 orders of magnitude) decrease in MWNT aggregation kinetics, suggesting the presence of ionizable functional groups on the MWNT carbon scaffold. The presence of humic acid in solution markedly enhanced the colloidal stability of MWNTs, reducing the aggregation rate by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. The enhanced MWNT stability in the presence of humic acid is attributable to steric repulsion imparted by adsorbed humic acid macromolecules. Our results suggest that MWNTs are relatively stable at solution pH and electrolyte conditions typical of aquatic environments.
The<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>effects of clofazimine on the motility of neutrophils and transformation of lymphocytes from normal individuals (1982)

The effects of clofazimine on neutrophil motility to endotoxin activated serum and mitogen-in duced lymphocyte transformation of leucocytes from normal individuals in vitro, and after ingestion of clofaz imine by normal adult volunteers have been assesse d. Clofazimine caused a progressive dose-dependent in hibition of neutrophil motility and of lymphocyte transformation in vitro. Ingestion of the drug by normal volunteers was accompanied by decreased neutrophil motility and lympho cyte transformation to mitogens. These fin dings suggest that the anti inflammatory properties of clofazimine are related to inhibition of these cellular immune functions.
Integrated head and hand tracking for indoor and outdoor augmented reality (2004)

This paper describes the implementation of hybrid tracking software that is capable of operating both indoors and outdoors. Commercially available outdoor trackers are combined with an indoor tracker based on fiducial markers and video cameras. The position and orientation of the user's body is measured in physical world coordinates at all times, and tracking of the hands is performed relative to the head. Each of the tracking components is designed to easily scale to large indoor and outdoor environments, supporting applications such as our existing Tinmith-Metro modelling system. This paper focuses on the integration of the indoor tracking subsystem. By using features such as multiple video cameras and combining various tracking data the system can produce results that meet the requirements for many mobile mixed reality applications.
Extrinsic calibration of a camera and laser range finder (improves camera calibration) (2005)

We describe theoretical and experimental results for the extrinsic calibration of sensor platform consisting of a camera and a 2D laser range finder. The calibration is based on observing a planar checkerboard pattern and solving for constraints between the "views" of a planar checkerboard calibration pattern from a camera and laser range finder. We give a direct solution that minimizes an algebraic error from this constraint, and subsequent nonlinear refinement minimizes a re-projection error. To our knowledge, this is the first published calibration tool for this problem. Additionally we show how this constraint can reduce the variance in estimating intrinsic camera parameters.
Controlled-Release Systems for the Delivery of Cyromazine into Water Surface (2003)

Controlled-release systems (CRSs) for the insect growth regulator cyromazine (Neporex), as a larvicide against Culex pipiens (Culicidae) mosquitoes, are under development. Despite promising results obtained previously for both in vitro (dissolution tests) and in vivo systems (mosquito larvae floating on water surfaces), it was evident that the CRSs did not remain afloat for sufficiently long times. The present study was thus conducted to determine the relationship between the process parameters and the potential contact time of the active ingredient with the mosquito larvae. A series of CRSs were prepared by an extrusion process, alone or in combination with a supplementary coating. The active ingredient was incorporated into the matrix or the coating. The matrix comprised low-density polyethylene 600 and perlite, and the coating, a polyurea with or without the addition of paraffin wax. The study showed that the cumulative release of the active ingredient into water could be controlled by manipulating the preparation techniques, the types and concentrations of inert materials, and the concentration of the active ingredient.
Japanese sour <i>Citrus</i> fruits. Part III. volatile constituents of sudachi and mochiyuzu oils (1995)

Abstract The aroma constituents of sudachi ( Citrus sudachi Hort. ex Shirai) and mochiyuzu ( Citrus inflata Hort. ex Tanaka) peel oils, isolated by cold‐pressing, were investigated by capillary GC and GC‐MS. Eighty‐three constituents were identified in the sudachi oil, and sixty‐three in the mochiyuzu oil, among which twenty‐two and forty‐three, in the two oils respectively, are reported for the first time. Monoterpene hydrocarbons amounted to 89.7% in sudachi oil, and 99.1% in mochiyuzu oil. Limonene dominated in both the sudachi (69.0%) and mochiyuzu (77.2%) volatiles, followed by γ‐terpinene in the former (7.5%), and by myrcene in the latter (20.6%) oil. β‐Phellandrene was abundant in the sudachi oil (7.2%). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons constituted 8.4% of sudachi volatiles, and only 0.6% of those in mochiyuzu. In sudachi, trans‐trans ‐α‐farnesene (2.2%), newly identified, and β‐elemene (2.8%), were the most abundant. Oxygenated volatiles amounted to 1.7% in sudachi oil, the main groups being alcohols (1.2%), and carbonyls (0.4%). Mochiyuzu oil was virtually devoid of oxygenated volatiles, and only alcohols and esters, were notable.
Treatment of hallux valgus deformity (2016)

Hallux valgus deformity is a very common pathological condition which commonly produces painful disability. It is characterised as a combined deformity with a malpositioning of the first metatarsophalangeal joint caused by a lateral deviation of the great toe and a medial deviation of the first metatarsal bone.Taking the patient's history and a thorough physical examination are important steps. Anteroposterior and lateral weight-bearing radiographs of the entire foot are crucial for adequate assessment in the treatment of hallux valgus.Non-operative treatment of the hallux valgus cannot correct the deformity. However, insoles and physiotherapy in combination with good footwear can help to control the symptoms.There are many operative techniques for hallux valgus correction. The decision on which surgical technique is used depends on the degree of deformity, the extent of degenerative changes of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the shape and size of the metatarsal bone and phalangeal deviation. The role of stability of the first tarsometatarsal joint is controversial.Surgical techniques include the modified McBride procedure, distal metatarsal osteotomies, metatarsal shaft osteotomies, the Akin osteotomy, proximal metatarsal osteotomies, the modified Lapidus fusion and the hallux joint fusion. Recently, minimally invasive percutaneous techniques have gained importance and are currently being evaluated more scientifically.Hallux valgus correction is followed by corrective dressings of the great toe post-operatively. Depending on the procedure, partial or full weight-bearing in a post-operative shoe or cast immobilisation is advised. Post-operative radiographs are taken in regular intervals until osseous healing is achieved. Cite this article: Fraissler L, Konrads C, Hoberg M, Rudert M, Walcher M. Treatment of hallux valgus deformity. <i>EFORT Open Rev</i> 2016;1:295-302. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000005.
Short-Time Dynamics of Partial Wetting (2008)

When a liquid drop contacts a wettable surface, the liquid spreads over the solid to minimize the total surface energy. The first moments of spreading tend to be rapid. For example, a millimeter-sized water droplet will wet an area having the same diameter as the drop within a millisecond. For perfectly wetting systems, this spreading is inertially dominated. Here we identify that even in the presence of a contact line, the initial wetting is dominated by inertia rather than viscosity. We find that the spreading radius follows a power-law scaling in time where the exponent depends on the equilibrium contact angle. We propose a model, consistent with the experimental results, in which the surface spreading is regulated by the generation of capillary waves.
A New Method for Stabilizing Fines and Controlling Dissolution During Sandstone Acidizing (1990)

ABSTRACT A new fines stabilizing method which prevents migration of clay and non-clay siliceous fines, and controls formation dissolution during sandstone acidizing, has been developed. The method employs an organosilane compound which can be added directly to acid mixtures, such as hydrochloric (HC1) and hydrochloric-hydrofluoric (HC1-HF) acid. The organosilane additive reacts in situ to stabilize potentially mobile siliceous fines, and as an additive to HC1-HF acid mixtures, reduces the potentially damaging effects of excessive mineral dissolution by HF. This paper describes the use of and the mechanism by which the organosilane acid additive stabilizes fines, and reduces dissolution of sandstone by HF acid. Results of laboratory core flow tests which show the beneficial effects of employing both a proper HF acid concentration and the organosilane fines-fixing agent are presented. Results of a field test are also presented.
A dual-frequency GNSS sensor for space applications (1998)

High-performance laboratory breadboards of a dual-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver have been developed at the Institute of Satellite Navigation at the University of Leeds (ISN) for a number of years under a European Space Agency (ESA) programme. The main objective of these breadboards is to serve as development tools for receiver signal-processing research in view of scientific applications of GNSSs. Some of these applications will be realized by means of receivers embarked on satellites in low earth orbit (LEO) as part of on-going and future ESA programmes and will include precise orbit determination, radio occultation measurements and measurements of the parameters characterizing GNSS signals reflected at the sea surface. The principal application for which the signal-processing developments described in this paper have been targeted is radio occultation. During an occultation event the GNSS signal encounters a challenging environment. Substantial Doppler dynamics occur during a measurement, due to the effect of sharp gradients of the refraction index. Signal attenuation and deep fading caused by multipath propagation are also encountered. The areas of concern are the acquisition and tracking of signals in high dynamics and at low carrier-to-noise ratios (C/N0), and also the performance of tracking the GPS P code without full knowledge of the spreading code, as dual-frequency atmospheric measurements are crucial to this application. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All-Zero Block-Based Optimization for Quadtree-Structured Prediction and Residual Encoding in High Efficiency Video Coding (2013)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) outperforms H.264 High Profile with bitrate saving of about 43%, mostly because block sizes for hybrid prediction and residual encoding are recursively chosen using a quadtree structure. Nevertheless, the exhaustive quadtree-based partition is not always necessary. This paper takes advantage of all-zero residual blocks at every quadtree depth to accelerate the prediction and residual encoding processes. First, we derive a near-sufficient condition to detect variable-sized all-zero blocks (AZBs). For these blocks, discrete cosine transform (DCT) and quantization can be skipped. Next, using the derived condition, we propose an early termination technique to reduce the complexity for motion estimation (ME). More significantly, we present a two-dimensional pruning technique based on AZBs to constrain prediction units (PU) that contribute negligibly to rate-distortion (RD) performance. Experiments on a wide range of videos with resolution ranging from 416×240 to 4k×2k, show that the proposed scheme can reduce computational complexity for the HEVC encoder by up to 70.46% (50.34% on average), with slight loss in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and bitrate. The proposal also outperforms other state-of-the-art methods by achieving greater complexity reduction and improved bitrate performance.
Superconducting Ground State of Noninteracting Particles Obeying Fractional Statistics (1988)

In a previous paper, Kalmeyer and Laughlin argued that the elementary excitations of the original Anderson resonating-valence-bond model might obey fractional statistics. In this paper, it is shown that an ideal gas of such particles is a new kind of superconductor.
A 2001 Employment Law Odyssey: The Invasion of Privacy Tort Takes Flight in the Florida Workplace (2001)

Computer use has exploded over the last twenty years. Even more rapid growth of technology throughout the 1990s has culminated with the dynamic and exponentially increasing use of the Internet. This technology spurt has led the way to many more business opportunities. With those increasing opportunities more problems have arisen, especially with protecting privacy on a domestic and an international scale after the European Union Directive. The European Union Directive created a profound impact on multinational employers, especially those in the U.S., by requiring guarantees that all private information gathered by companies doing business in countries that are members of the European Union be protected.
Catalytic Reactivation of Activated Carbon in Air Purification Systems (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Reactivation of Activated Carbon in Air Purification SystemsAmos TurkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 5, 966–971Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50545a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50545a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Flexible Conjugate Gradients (2000)

We analyze the conjugate gradient (CG) method with preconditioning slightly variable from one iteration to the next. To maintain the optimal convergence properties, we consider a variant proposed by Axelsson that performs an explicit orthogonalization of the search directions vectors. For this method, which we refer to as flexible CG, we develop a theoretical analysis that shows that the convergence rate is essentially independent of the variations in the preconditioner as long as the latter are kept sufficiently small. We further discuss the real convergence rate on the basis of some heuristic arguments supported by numerical experiments. Depending on the eigenvalue distribution corresponding to the fixed reference preconditioner, several situations have to be distinguished. In some cases, the convergence is as fast with truncated versions of the algorithm or even with the standard CG method, whereas quite large variations are allowed without too much penalty. In other cases, the flexible variant effectively outperforms the standard method, while the need for truncation limits the size of the variations that can be reasonably allowed.
Purification of oleic acid and linoleic acid (1983)

To permit kinetic studies of the reactivity of unsaturated fatty acids towards oxygen radicals, it is essential to remove traces of hydroperoxides and other conjugated lipid impurities commonly present in commercial samples. Removal of these impurities has been satisfactorily achieved for oleic and linoleic acids by anaerobic low temperature recrystallization from acetonitrile. The UV spectra of commercial and purified samples are compared.
Relativized cryptography (1983)

It appears to be very difficult to give a formal definition of computational security for public-key cryptography. A slightly different notion, called transient-key cryptography, is defined for which a natural definition of security against chosen-plaintext attacks is given. The main result presented here is the existence of a relativized model of computation under which there does exist a secure transient-key cryptosystem. Indeed, there exists a computable oracle that can be used by cryptographers to efficiently encipher and decipher messages, yet it is of no help to the cryptanalyst trying to decode messages not intended for him. As a corollary, there also exists a length-preserving permutation, the inverse of which is hard to compute on most elements of its domain, even if arbitrary evaluations of the function itself are allowed for free.
Vision-based mobile robot localization and mapping using scale-invariant features (2002)

A key component of a mobile robot system is the ability to localize itself accurately and build a map of the environment simultaneously. In this paper, a vision-based mobile robot localization and mapping algorithm is described which uses scale-invariant image features as landmarks in unmodified dynamic environments. These 3D landmarks are localized and robot ego-motion is estimated by matching them, taking into account the feature viewpoint variation. With our Triclops stereo vision system, experiments show that these features are robustly matched between views, 3D landmarks are tracked, robot pose is estimated and a 3D map is built.
<title>Direct digital synthesis: some options for FPGA implementation</title> (1999)

Direct digital synthesizers (DDS), or numerically controlled oscillators, are a functional requirement of virtually every digital communications system, including modems and software defined radios. Frequency synthesis is commonly realized using application specific standard parts or as software on a DSP processor. With ever increasing amounts of digital signal processing being realized using field programmable gate array (FPGA) based hardware platforms, it is fruitful to explore various DDS architectures and evaluate the many possible architecture/performance tradeoffs with a view to FPGA implementation. This paper describes three DDS architectures and presents several designs that illustrate DDS performance and highlight design considerations for FPGA implementation.
Recepção Bifocal: "Hécuba" vs. "As Troianas" (2012)

Nas ultimas decadas, varios especialistas tentaram descobrir um termo geral unico para aplicar ao estudo das relacoes entre autores antigos e modernos. Mas afinal das contas talvez nao haja um termo melhor, visto que o processo em si e essencialmente dialetico e complicado, e todas as possiveis candidatas – por exemplo, recepcao, tradicao, influencia, transmissao – captam apenas um aspecto disso e, por isso, falsificam-no, pelo menos parcialmente. Ao inves disso, seria muito mais util dedicar nossa atencao em reunir mais estudos de caso e pensar sobre as questoes metodologicas gerais que ainda confundem o estudo da tradicao classica e que vale a pena ser considerada – por exemplo, a inclusao de objetos e praticas alem dos textos, o alargamento de nossa visao para alem da Europa Ocidental e America, o julgamento de niveis de validade entre as recepcoes, e a determinacao de nosso ponto de vista dentro da recepcao como especialistas da recepcao – e reunir mais estudos de caso. Por exemplo, os estudos de recepcao tendem a focar apenas sobre textos e autores principais e sobre as tradicoes que criaram. Mas os textos, assim como os autores e vendedores, tem sempre de competir um com o outro para a atencao e prazer de seus publicos, e examinar casos duplos de recepcoes competitivas pode explorar novas questoes que recepcoes unicas talvez obscurecam. Euripides escreveu por volta de 424 AEC, e As Troianas de 415. Ambas concentram-se em Hecuba e lidam exatamente com o mesmo material mitico: o sofrimento das troianas, imediatamente apos a queda de Troia. Mas as duas pecas sao construidas de forma muito diferente: Hecuba centra-se nos sofrimentos e acoes da rainha, e constroi uma trama unificada a partir de sua miseria e vinganca; As Troianas, ao contrario, apresenta um conjunto de tableaux de sofrimento e nao tem a linha da trama muito bem amarrada. Os contrastes de sua recepcao pode nos dizer muito sobre a mudanca de gostos.