gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human neurons derived from a teratocarcinoma cell line express solely the 695-amino acid amyloid precursor protein and produce intracellular beta-amyloid or A4 peptides. (1993)

The beta-amyloid or beta/A4 peptides that accumulate as filamentous aggregates in the extracellular space of Alzheimer disease (AD) brains are derived from one or more alternatively spliced amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). The more abundant APPs in the central nervous system are the 695-(APP695), 751- (APP751), and 770- (APP770) amino acid isoforms, and each could be the source of beta/A4 peptide that accumulates in the AD brain. It is plausible that altered metabolism of these APPs by central nervous system neurons could lead to the release and deposition of beta/A4 peptide in brain parenchyma. Thus, we examined the expression and processing of the three major brain APPs in nearly pure human neurons (NT2N cells) derived from a teratocarcinoma cell line (NTera2/c1.D1 or NT2 cells) after retinoic acid treatment. NT2N neurons expressed almost exclusively APP695, whereas NT2 cells expressed predominantly APP751/770. Furthermore, the processing of the APPs in NT2N cells was distinct from NT2 and nonneuronal cells. Most significantly, the NT2N neurons but not the NT2 cells constitutively generated intracellular beta/A4 peptide and released it into the culture medium. This work demonstrates the intracellular production of beta/A4 peptide and suggests that cultured NT2N cells may provide a unique model system for understanding the contribution of neurons and APP695 to amyloidogenesis in the AD brain.
Integral Planning of Primary–Secondary Distribution Systems Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (2005)

Important research effort has been devoted to the topic of optimal planning of distribution systems. However, in general it has been mostly referred to the design of the primary network, with very modest considerations to the effect of the secondary network in the planning and future operation of the complete grid. Relatively little attention has been paid to the optimization of the secondary grid and to its effect on the optimality of the design of the complete electrical system, although the investment and operation costs of the secondary grid represent an important portion of the total costs. Appropriate design procedures have been proposed separately for both the primary and the secondary grid; however, in general, both planning problems have been presented and treated as different-almost isolated-problems, setting aside with this approximation some important factors that couple both problems, such as the fact that they may share the right of way, use the same poles, etc., among other factors that strongly affect the calculation of the investment costs. The main purpose of this work is the development and initial testing of a model for the optimal planning of a distribution system that includes both the primary and the secondary grids, so that a single optimization problem is stated for the design of the integral primary-secondary distribution system that overcomes these simplifications. The mathematical model incorporates the variables that define both the primary as well as the secondary planning problems and consists of a mixed integer-linear programming problem that may be solved by means of any suitable algorithm. Results are presented of the application of the proposed integral design procedure using conventional mixed integer-linear programming techniques to a real case of a residential primary-secondary distribution system consisting of 75 electrical nodes.
Enhanced Photon Emission during Hydrogen Adsorption on UV-Excited MgO Surfaces (1984)

Phosphorescence enhancement induced by hydrogen adsorption is observed on UV-excited MgO powders in vacuo. The main peak of the spectrum is at 3.2 eV with a sub peak at 2.3 eV. The enhancement depends on the gas pressure and sample temperatures and the phosphorescence is quenched by the light illumination at 2.5 eV after UV excitation. The role of surface centers in the luminescence is discussed.
Substrate bias effect on the fabrication of thermochromic VO<sub>2</sub>films by reactive RF sputtering (2006)

Vanadium oxide VOx films were deposited by reactive RF magnetron sputtering by applying a substrate bias, in which the Ar ions in plasma impacted the growing film surface. The vanadium valence of the VOx film decreased when the substrate negative bias voltage was increased. The VO2 film was successfully deposited at a substrate temperature of 400 °C and with a bias voltage of −50 to −80 V. The transition temperatures of the VO2 films with a substrate bias of −50 and −80 V were about 56 °C and 44 °C, respectively.
Increased Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion and Postprandial Hypoglycemia in Children after Nissen Fundoplication (2008)

Children with PPH after Nissen fundoplication have abnormally exaggerated secretion of GLP-1, which may contribute to the exaggerated insulin surge and resultant hypoglycemia.
Human Langerhans Cells Express a Specific TLR Profile and Differentially Respond to Viruses and Gram-Positive Bacteria (2006)

Dendritic cells (DC) are APCs essential for the development of primary immune responses. In pluristratified epithelia, Langerhans cells (LC) are a critical subset of DC which take up Ags and migrate toward lymph nodes upon inflammatory stimuli. TLR allow detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) by different DC subsets. The repertoire of TLR expressed by human LC is uncharacterized and their ability to directly respond to PAMP has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we show for the first time that freshly purified LC from human skin express mRNA encoding TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR6 and TLR10. In addition, keratinocytes ex vivo display TLR1-5, TLR7, and TLR10. Accordingly, highly enriched immature LC efficiently respond to TLR2 agonists peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria, and to dsRNA which engages TLR3. In contrast, LC do not directly sense TLR7/8 ligands and LPS from Gram-negative bacteria, which signals through TLR4. TLR engagement also results in cytokine production, with marked differences depending on the PAMP detected. TLR2 and TLR3 ligands increase IL-6 and IL-8 production, while dsRNA alone stimulates TNF-alpha release. Strikingly, only peptidoglycan triggers IL-10 secretion, thereby suggesting a specific function in tolerance to commensal Gram-positive bacteria. However, LC do not produce IL-12p70 or type I IFNs. In conclusion, human LC are equipped with TLR that enable direct detection of PAMP from viruses and Gram-positive bacteria, subsequent phenotypic maturation, and differential cytokine production. This implies a significant role for LC in the control of skin immune responses.
Topical tacrolimus in the management of atopic dermatitis in Japan (2006)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, severely pruritic, eczematous skin disease. Topical steroids are the mainstay of treatment. However, the adverse effects of steroids on hormonal function are the major obstacle for their use as long-term topical therapy. Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, not only complement existing treatment options but also overcome some of the drawbacks of topical steroid therapy and fulfill the long-term needs of patients in preventing disease progression. Short- and long-term efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus has been widely recognized and it is also accepted as a first-line treatment for the inflammation of AD. In order to reduce the possible long-term adverse effects, it is important to monitor the clinical dose in daily clinics.
Cost Management of Medical Equipment Maintenance (2005)

In the present study we combine Activity Based Costing (ABC) with a microprocess-based custom-made management system used to control of the medical equipment maintenance service performed by a clinical engineering group in a public health institution in Brazil. Results show the cost of service orders calculated through the allocation of the expenditure per cost center to activities performed during the year 2003. As this model can estimate how the activities affect profitability, managers can use ABC information to interpret possible strategies needed to investigate the viability of cost minimization.
MACHINING AND ASSEMBLY OF THE IBA C70 CYCLOTRON MAGNET (2007)

Presently IBA designs and produces a 70 MeV cyclotron for radiochemistry and nuclear medicine (C70) [1]. The structure of the magnet reflects the need for isochronous magnetic fields able to accelerate ions with charge to mass ratio q/m=1 (H) as well as 1⁄2 (D,He , H2). The hills are split in 3 parts parallel to the median plane, correction coils being wound around the central parts with very tight tolerances. The whole machining and assembly process is tailored to ensure final gap values, parallelism and flatness to the tolerances required by the magnetic field for both particle types. INTRODUCTION The C70 cyclotron geometry reflects the magnetic design described in [2]. The accuracy of the magnetic field in an isochronous cyclotron is of topmost importance, regarding both the need for an as small as possible integrated phase shift and the control of the vertical betatronic frequency. The split structure of the hills required by the location of the correction coils imposes very tight assembly tolerances and the need to design strategies to cope for machining errors or accidents that could happen with that many pieces. The magnetic quality of the steel used is also discussed. DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE The machine is assembled out of 2 large (1920 mm diameter, 450 mm thickness) disks called yokes, 32 pieces with “metric” dimensions i.e. returns, sectors, poles and covers and about 30 smaller parts, mainly central plugs and pole inserts. The yokes have 520 mm diameter holes for pumping in 2 valleys and for RF in the 2 others. Figure 1: Main parts of C70 The yokes have been cast by Kelin in China and the other parts by Dillinger Huette in Germany. In both cases, the foundry measured the magnetization curves and an independent measurement was made by the certification laboratory of the University of Sunderland in England. Kelin’s data are ways too optimistic (almost as good as the top quality C235 steel) compared to Sunderland’s while Dillinger compares rather well with the independent measurement. All measured B-H curves are significantly better than standard steel used for IBA PET cyclotrons (“tenten” in Fig 2, C1010 steel). While initial calculations were performed with the standard BH curves (“fish” in Fig 2), measured data were used once available. 1.8 1.85 1.9 1.95 2 2.05 2.1 2.15 2.2 2.25 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 kelin kelin-sun dillinger dillinger-sun
Sensing characteristics of tin oxide thick film gas sensor (1982)

Thick film gas sensor of tin oxide based materials has been developed by screen printing method, and its sensing characteristics have been examined for some gases. To perform the method, tin oxide fine power with the size about 0.5 μm in diameter was prepared through the fine crystallization in liquid phase, and was mixed with glass frits as a binder and palladium or platinum as a catalyst. This mixed material is used as the paste. With the screen printing method using the paste, the mass production and the sufficient mechanical strength of the sensor can be achieved. The gas sensor of tin oxide incorporated with palladium black as the catalyst shows an excellent selective detection for ethanol and hydrogen gases at the specimen temperature of 250 °C. And the platinum black-doped tin oxide sensor has also a high sensitivity to both gases at the temperature over 350 °C.
Apomorphine Test for Dopaminergic Responsiveness in Patients With Previously Untreated Parkinson's Disease (1992)

We prospectively examined the predictive value of the apomorphine test for the therapeutic efficacy of sustained oral levodopa treatment in 62 patients with de novo Parkinson syndrome (no additional neurological deficit) who had not previously been treated with dopaminergic medication. Patients received 2 to 5 mg of apomorphine hydrochloride subcutaneously and a subsequent trial of oral levodopa of at least 3 months' duration. In three patients, response to apomorphine could not be evaluated owing to side effects experienced during the test. In the remaining 59 patients, the best predictor of response to oral levodopa was the apomorphine-induced relative decrease in the scores on the motor examination part of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). At a cutoff value of 20% improvement in UPDRS scores, the test predicted the response to levodopa correctly in 50 patients (85%). The sensitivity of the test was 90%, specificity 88%. The positive predictive value was 95%. However, seven of 19 apomorphine test-negative patients experienced a good (n = 4) or partial (n = 3) improvement with levodopa therapy. Thus, the negative predictive value was only 63%. We conclude that response to apomorphine has a high predictive value for response to sustained oral levodopa treatment in most previously untreated patients, but a negative test should not preclude an adequate trial of oral levodopa.
Optical lock-in vibration detection using photorefractive frequency domain processing (1996)

An optical method for vibration detection and spectral analysis based on photorefractive frequency domain processing is presented. The method utilizes the photorefractive effect in selected materials (bismuth silicon oxide) for synchronous detection of the optical phase shift of an object beam scattered from a vibrating specimen surface. Four-wave mixing and lock-in detection allow measurement of both the vibration amplitude and phase. Narrow-bandwidth detection can be achieved at frequencies from the photorefractive response limit to the reciprocal of the photoinduced carrier recombination time.
Biosynthesis of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of the low density lipoprotein receptor. (1983)

In human fibroblasts, the receptor for low density lipoprotein (LDL) is synthesized as a precursor of apparent Mr = 120,000 which is converted to a mature form of apparent Mr = 160,000, as determined by migration in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels (Tolleshaug, H., Goldstein, J. L., Schneider, W. J., and Brown, M. S. (1982) Cell 30, 715-724). The current paper describes the relationship of N- and O-glycosylation to this post-translational modification. Oligosaccharides were analyzed from precursor and mature forms of LDL receptors that had been immunoprecipitated from cells grown in media containing radioactive sugars. In human epidermoid carcinoma A-431 cells, the receptor precursor appears to contain one N-linked high mannose oligosaccharide and approximately 6-9 N-acetylgalactosamine residues linked O-glycosidically to Ser/Thr residues. In the mature receptor, the O-linked oligosaccharides are mono- and disialylated species having the core structure of galactose leads to N-acetylgalactosamine leads to Ser/Thr. The single N-linked oligosaccharide of the mature receptor can either be a tri- or tetraantennary complex-type species. Similar results were obtained with normal human fibroblast receptor except that the O-linked oligosaccharides on the precursor are neutral disaccharides, of which one component is GalNAc and the N-linked complex type unit on the mature receptor is less branched. Since the addition of GalNAc residues to Ser/Thr residues precedes the conversion of N-linked high mannose-type oligosaccharides to complex-type structures, the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine must occur prior to the entry of glycoproteins into the region of the Golgi containing the processing enzyme alpha-mannosidase I. We also studied the receptor from tunicamycin-treated cells and after treatment with neuraminidase. In addition, we analyzed the receptor synthesized by a lectin-resistant clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells that is deficient in adding galactose residues to both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides. These studies suggest that the apparent differences in molecular weight between the precursor and mature forms of the LDL receptor are largely, if not entirely, due to the addition of sialic acid and galactose residues to the O-linked GalNAc residues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Lasers and Diabetic Retinopathy: The Art of Gentle Destruction (1999)

Laser retinal photocoagulation represents the primary therapy for the potentially blinding manifestations of diabetic retinopathy. Advances in laser therapy for diabetic eye disease have arisen from the convergence of laser technology and clinical ophthalmology. In this review, the basis of laser therapy in diabetic retinopathy is discussed. Included are the clinical characteristics, classification, and pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy. The principles of laser technology, variety of lasers currently available for therapy, and mechanisms of laser actions on retinal target tissues are introduced. The milestone clinical trials establishing the efficacy of laser therapy and the parameters for its clinical application in diabetic retinopathy are outlined.
FIGα, a germ cell specific transcription factor involved in the coordinate expression of the zona pellucida genes (1997)

The mouse zona pellucida is composed of three glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3, encoded by single-copy genes whose expression is temporally and spatially restricted to oocytes. All three proteins are required for the formation of the extracellular zona matrix and female mice with a single disrupted zona gene lack a zona and are infertile. An E-box (CANNTG), located approximately 200 bp upstream of the transcription start sites of Zp1, Zp2 and Zp3, forms a protein-DNA complex present in oocytes and, to a much lesser extent, in testes. It has been previously shown that the integrity of this E-box in Zp2 and Zp3 promoters is required for expression of luciferase reporter genes microinjected into growing oocytes. The presence of the ubiquitous transcription factor E12 in the complex was used to identify a novel basic helix-loop-helix protein, FIGalpha (Factor In the Germline alpha) whose expression was limited to oocytes within the ovary. The ability of FIGalpha to transactivate reporter genes coupled to each of the three mouse zona promoters in heterologous 10T(1/2) embryonic fibroblasts suggests a role in coordinating the expression of the three zona pellucida genes during oogenesis.
An antivitamin B6, 4'-methoxypyridoxine, from the seed of Ginkgo biloba L. (1985)

An antivitamin B6, 4'-methoxypyridoxine (1) was isolated from the seed of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae). The albumen of the seed of G. biloba L., which is called "Gin-nan or Ginkyo", is used as a crude drug in China and as food in Japan. However, in Japan, there have been about 70 reports of "Gin-nan sitotoxism." In this paper, we report that the substance responsible for this sitotoxism is 4'-methoxypyridoxine (1), which is known to have antivitamin B6 activities. This compound (1) is reported for the first time from natural products.
Propulsion system design of electric vehicles (2002)

There is a growing interest in electric vehicles due to environmental concerns. Recent efforts have been directed toward developing an improved propulsion system for electric vehicle applications. This paper is aimed at developing the system design philosophies of electric vehicle propulsion systems. The vehicle's dynamics are studied in an attempt to find an optimal torque-speed profile for the electric propulsion system. This study reveals that the vehicle's operational constraints, such as initial acceleration and grade, can be met with minimum power rating if the powertrain can be operated mostly in the constant power region. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the importance of constant power operation. Operation of several candidate motors in the constant power region are also examined. Their behaviors are compared, and conclusions are made.
SURFACE-MICROMACHINED IN-CHANNEL PARYLENE DUAL VALVES FOR UNPOWERED MICROFLOW REGULATION (2006)

This paper presents the world's first in-channel parylene dualvalved microfluidic system for unpowered microflow regulation. Incorporating a normally-closed and a normally-open passive check valve in a back-to-back configuration inside a microchannel, the dual-valved system has successfully regulated the pressure/flow rate of air or liquid without power consumption or electronic/magnetic/thermal transduction. By exclusively using parylene C as the structural material, the fabricated valves have higher flexibility to shunt flows in comparison with other conventional thin-film valves. In addition, the parylene-based devices are completely biocompatible/implantable, and provide an economical paradigm for fluidic control in integrated lab-on-a-chip systems. Testing results have successfully demonstrated that the microflow regulation of the dual-valved system can achieve mmHg pressure -mL/min flow rates for air and mmHg pressure -L/min flow rates for water. This regulation range is suitable for controlling biological conditions in human healthcare, such as regulating elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients.
What is optimal nutritional support? (1994)

Nutritional support of the seriously ill patient has evolved with time and reflects new developments in the field of critical care. Current information suggests that optimal nutritional support can be provided by supplying at least 80% of energy requirements with at least 70% of the energy given as carbohydrate and the remaining 30% or less administered as fat (with > or = 3% of energy requirements as essential fatty acids). The caloric load may be reduced to 50% of requirements if growth factors (e.g., growth hormone) are utilized and the patient has adequate fat stores. Protein should be given as 1.5 g/kg/day; more catabolic patients, such as patients with burn injury, should receive 2 g/kg/day. All protein or amino acid feeding should include glutamine. There is an increased need for vitamins (especially A, C, and E) and minerals (zinc, selenium, and magnesium). The preferred route of feeding should be enteral, followed by enteral plus supplemental parenteral nutrition. If the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used, parenteral nutrition should be given. Nutrients should be administered early in the catabolic course, especially glucose, sodium, potassium, vitamins, and minerals. Over time (approximately 7 days) amino acids should be added and approximately 50% of caloric support should be provided. Finally, full nutritional support should be provided (by 7 to 10 days) if the catabolic course is expected to continue.
Protection against neonatal rotavirus infection by breast milk antibodies and trypsin inhibitors (1988)

The role of breast milk antirotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) and trypsin inhibitors in limiting the acquisition of rotavirus infection during the initial 5 days of life was evaluated among 42 exclusively breast-fed hospital-born infants, 22 of whom experienced rotavirus infection. The mean concentrations of antirotavirus IgA (ELISA Units) in the breast milk of mothers of the 22 rotavirus-infected neonates was 130.4 +/- 46.4; the corresponding value in 20 noninfected neonates was 384.3 +/- 328.3 (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the trypsin inhibitory capacity (mumols/mt/ml) of breast milk in the rotavirus-infected group was significantly lower (0.109 +/- 0.095) than that in the noninfected group (0.376 +/- 0.191; P less than 0.001). The trypsin inhibitory capacity of milk showed an inverse correlation with infant stool tryptic activity (P less than 0.01). Our results indicate that the acquisition of rotavirus infection during the early neonatal period depends on the concentrations of antirotavirus IgA and trypsin inhibitors in human milk and that protection is mediated by high levels of these antiviral factors.