gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Critical Role of Fc Receptor-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis in the Host Resistance to Blood-Stage <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> XAT Infection (2001)

Plasmodium berghei XAT is an irradiation-induced attenuated variant derived from the lethal strain P. berghei NK65, and its blood-stage parasites are spontaneously cleared in immune competent mice. In the present study, we studied the mechanism of host resistance to blood-stage malaria infection using P. berghei XAT. Infection enhanced Ab-dependent phagocytosis of PRBC by splenic macrophages in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, FcR gamma-chain knockout (FcRgamma(-/-)) mice, which lack the ability to mediate Ab-dependent phagocytosis and Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity through FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, and FcgammaRIII, could not induce Ab-dependent phagocytic activity. These FcRgamma(-/-) mice showed increased susceptibility to the P. berghei XAT infection, with eventually fatal results, although they produced comparable amounts of IFN-gamma by spleen cells and anti-XAT Abs in serum. In addition, passive transfer of anti-XAT IgG obtained from wild-type mice that had recovered from infection into FcRgamma(-/-) mice could not suppress the increase in parasitemia, and almost all of these mice died after marked parasitemia. In contrast, passive transfer of anti-XAT IgG into control wild-type mice inhibited the increase in parasitemia. IFN-gamma(-/-) mice, which were highly susceptible to the P. berghei XAT infection, failed to induce Ab-dependent phagocytic activity and also showed reduced production of serum anti-XAT IgG2a isotype compared with control wild-type mice. These results suggest that FcR-mediated Ab-dependent phagocytosis, which is located downstream of IFN-gamma production, is important as an effector mechanism to eliminate PRBC in blood-stage P. berghei XAT infection.
Contamination of groundwater by heavy metals from the land disposal of fly ash. Technical progress report, June 1, 1977--March 31, 1978 (1978)

A study has been undertaken on a specific ponded fly ash disposal site to determine the degree of subsurface leaching of various ionic forms, especially heavy metals. The location is the site of the Michigan City generating station of the Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Michigan City, Indiana. The present ash ponding system consists of two primary ash ponds (volume of each 16.5 million gallons) which are loaded alternately, i.e., when one is in service the other is allowed to dry for the removal operation. The ash is sluiced to the ponds in a concentrated slurry. After primary and secondary settling the water is brought back for further ash sluicing. A constant elevation is maintained in the ponds at approximately 31.5 feet above the surface of Lake Michigan. The system cannot be considered closed because of losses due to evaporation and subsurface leaching. The station produces 340 to 400 tons of fly ash per day when operating at full capacity. A typical pond cycle requires six to nine months between removal periods. Observation wells were installed at various locations. Typically, the chemical composition of the groundwater varied with both time in the pond cycle as well as distance from the pond. Heavy metal concentrations decreased rapidly from the rather high levels found in the pond but a smaller peak concentration occurred some 100 meters from the pond after which the concentration decreased to rather low levels. The dominant mechanisms of attenuation are adsorption of metals onto hydrous oxides of iron and manganese and precipitation of various solid phases.
Distributed engineering change management for allied concurrent engineering (2002)

Summary form only given. This study applies a novel engineering change management approach to allied concurrent engineering (ACE). In this context, ACE-based engineering change management should include all aspects of information sharing, data management, and process management, both within an individual enterprise and the enterprise alliance. To ensure applicability to many firms, an ACE-based engineering change management methodology was developed based on the results of allied concurrent engineering definition and characterization. Similarly, to provide a "unified solution", the methodology was developed under the concepts of enterprise integration to manage the processes, systems and information for engineering changes in an integrated fashion. This methodology includes a life cycle model for engineering change management, a distributed management framework, and a reference model for engineering change management. Based on this methodology, an ACE-based engineering change management system was developed under the principles of (i) complying with commonly acceptable modeling techniques, (ii) applying proven models and architectures, and (iii) being compatible and interoperable with other EDMS modules and enterprise systems. Establishing a fully-fledged ACE-based engineering change management system involves the following steps: (1) identify system objectives and requirements, (2) design a system framework and a software architecture, and (3) model and implement the system.
Individuals with obesity and COVID‐19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships (2020)

The linkage of individuals with obesity and COVID-19 is controversial and lacks systematic reviews. After a systematic search of the Chinese and English language literature on COVID-19, 75 studies were used to conduct a series of meta-analyses on the relationship of individuals with obesity-COVID-19 over the full spectrum from risk to mortality. A systematic review of the mechanistic pathways for COVID-19 and individuals with obesity is presented. Pooled analysis show individuals with obesity were more at risk for COVID-19 positive, >46.0% higher (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.30-1.65; p < 0.0001); for hospitalization, 113% higher (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.74-2.60; p < 0.0001); for ICU admission, 74% higher (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.46-2.08); and for mortality, 48% increase in deaths (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.22-1.80; p < 0.001). Mechanistic pathways for individuals with obesity are presented in depth for factors linked with COVID-19 risk, severity and their potential for diminished therapeutic and prophylactic treatments among these individuals. Individuals with obesity are linked with large significant increases in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. There are many mechanisms that jointly explain this impact. A major concern is that vaccines will be less effective for the individuals with obesity.
Cascade Cyclizations and Couplings Involving Nickel Enolates (2003)

A new strategy for effecting cascade cyclization processes using nickel enolates has been developed. Nickel enolates may be cleanly generated by the oxidative cyclization of an enal and alkyne with Ni(0), and the resulting enolate may be functionalized by a variety of alkylation processes. Partially and fully intramolecular versions of the process allow the rapid synthesis of complex polycyclics from simple achiral, acyclic precursors.
Design and performance of a centimetre-scale shrouded wind turbine for energy harvesting (2011)

A miniature shrouded wind turbine aimed at energy harvesting for power delivery to wireless sensors in pipes and ducts is presented. The device has a rotor diameter of 2 cm, with an outer diameter of 3.2 cm, and generates electrical power by means of an axial-flux permanent magnet machine built into the shroud. Fabrication was accomplished using a combination of traditional machining, rapid prototyping, and flexible printed circuit board technology for the generator stator, with jewel bearings providing low friction and start up speed. Prototype devices can operate air speeds down to 3 ms⁻¹, and deliver between 80 μW and 2.5 mW of electrical power at air speeds in the range 3-7 ms⁻¹. Experimental turbine performance curves, obtained by wind tunnel testing and corrected for bearing losses using data obtained in separate vacuum run-down tests, are compared with the predictions of an elementary blade element momentum (BEM) model. The two show reasonable agreement at low tip speed ratios. However, in experiments where a maximum could be observed, the maximum power coefficient (~9%) is marginally lower than predicted from the BEM model and occurs at a lower than predicted tip speed ratio of around 0.6.
Show, Control and Tell: A Framework for Generating Controllable and Grounded Captions (2019)

Current captioning approaches can describe images using black-box architectures whose behavior is hardly controllable and explainable from the exterior. As an image can be described in infinite ways depending on the goal and the context at hand, a higher degree of controllability is needed to apply captioning algorithms in complex scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for image captioning which can generate diverse descriptions by allowing both grounding and controllability. Given a control signal in the form of a sequence or set of image regions, we generate the corresponding caption through a recurrent architecture which predicts textual chunks explicitly grounded on regions, following the constraints of the given control. Experiments are conducted on Flickr30k Entities and on COCO Entities, an extended version of COCO in which we add grounding annotations collected in a semi-automatic manner. Results demonstrate that our method achieves state of the art performances on controllable image captioning, in terms of caption quality and diversity. Code and annotations are publicly available at: https://github.com/aimagelab/show-control-and-tell.
Nanocrystalline CeO<sub>2</sub> Increases the Activity of Au for CO Oxidation by Two Orders of Magnitude (2004)

The smaller the better: Depositing gold on nanocrystalline particles of cerium oxide, instead of a regular cerium oxide support, increases the activity of the resulting catalyst by two orders of magnitude for the selective oxidation of CO to CO2, even in the presence of H2 (shown schematically). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53570_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Natural Occurrence of Enantiomeric and <i>meso</i>‐Astaxanthin. 5. Ex wild salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> and <i>Oncorhynchus</i>) (1981)

Abstract The configurational isomers of astaxanthin (3,3′‐dihydroxy‐β,β‐carotene‐4,4′‐dione) from the flesh of salmon ( Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus ) caught at different places in Europe and Canada were isolated and analyzed as (−)‐camphanic acid diesters by means of HPLC. The biological variation in the composition of the configurational isomers in seven fish was surprisingly similar: 78 to 85% of (3 S , 3′ S )‐astaxanthin, 12 to 17% (3 R , 3′ R )‐astaxanthin and 2 to 6% meso ‐astaxanthin.
Les populations de l’Europe (2019)

Les évolutions démographiques sont extrêmement contrastées selon les pays européens et, à l’intérieur des pays, les dynamiques territoriales sont très différenciées. Différentes figures et deux tableaux illustrent cette grande diversité de la géographie des populations de l’Europe, dont les changements démographiques peuvent engendrer différentes conséquences.
An application of the adjoint technique to locating wastewater discharges into a surface water system (2026)

Water resource quantity and quality issues are often the most crucial factors to consider when governments plan for medium and long term economic development. Frequently, planners designate specific regions for various types and levels of development according to each region’s intrinsic attributes and relationship to those infrastructure systems required for development. The planning process is inherently difficult since the impact of development on water quality, and hence on the intended use of each area, is not known a priori. As a result, planning for development tends to follow a prescriptive rather than a proactive pattern. Inverse models for surface water quality in the context of planning appear to be advantageous since, for a given development strategy, the water quality standards needed to support and maintain a proposed development plan can be determined in advance. An explicit adjoint model for uniform flows is proposed in this paper that can be easily applied to 1 - or 2-dimensional surface water systems to identify feasible regions for siting waste water discharges while maintaining desired water quality standards at specified target regions.
Development of Iron-Chelating Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Packaging for Inhibiting Lipid Oxidation in Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2015)

Foods such as bulk oils, salad dressings, and nutritionally fortified beverages that are susceptible to oxidative degradation are often packaged in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles with metal chelators added to the food to maintain product quality. In the present work, a metal-chelating active packaging material is designed and characterized, in which poly(hydroxamic acid) (PHA) metal-chelating moieties were grafted from the surface of PET. Biomimetic PHA groups were grafted in a two-step UV-initiated process without the use of a photoinitiator. Surface characterization of the films by attenuated total reflective Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested successful grafting and conversion of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) to PHA chelating moieties from the surface of PET. Colorimetric (ferrozine) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) assays demonstrated the ability of PET-g-PHA to chelate iron in a low-pH (3.0) environment containing a competitive metal chelator (citric acid). Lipid oxidation studies demonstrated the antioxidant activity of PET-g-PHA films in inhibiting iron-promoted oxidation in an acidified oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion model system (pH 3.0). Particle size and ζ-potential analysis indicated that the addition of PET-g-PHA films did not affect the physical stability of the emulsion system. This work suggests that biomimetic chelating moieties can be grafted from PET and effectively inhibit iron-promoted degradation reactions, enabling removal of metal-chelating additives from product formulations.
Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. The thylakoidal processing peptidase is a signal-type peptidase with stringent substrate requirements at the -3 and -1 positions (1991)

The transport of proteins across the thylakoid membrane in higher plant chloroplasts is usually mediated by an amino-terminal peptide extension which is subsequently removed by a specific thylakoidal processing peptidase. We have previously shown that the reaction specificity of this enzyme is very similar to those of signal peptidases located in the endoplasmic reticulum and bacterial plasma membrane. In the present report, the reaction mechanism of the thylakoidal peptidase has been investigated by substituting a variety of amino acids for the alanine residues at the -3 and -1 positions of a thylakoid lumen protein precursor. Small neutral side chains are known to be essential at these positions for cleavage by signal peptidases, and we find that these residues likewise play a critical role in defining the thylakoidal processing peptidase cleavage site. However, the requirements of the thylakoidal enzyme at these sites are significantly more restrictive than those of the bacterial or endoplasmic reticulum peptidases. Whereas leucine at the -3 position in the substrate is tolerated by the latter two enzymes, cleavage by the thylakoidal peptidase is almost completely inhibited. At the -1 position the presence of alanine appears to be critical; substitution of this residue by glycine, serine, threonine, leucine, lysine, or glutamate leads to either substantial or complete inhibition of cleavage at this site. Substitutions at either -3 or -1 which blocked cleavage at the correct site led to cleavage taking place at an alternative site, probably after the -21 residue.
Comparison between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. (1987)

Two groups, 16 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients (group I) and 22 alcoholic hepatitis patients (group II) classified according to the presence or absence of drinking and their histological characteristics, were compared on the basis of clinical, biochemical, and liver biopsy findings. The frequencies of female patients (p less than 0.01), obesity (p less than 0.001), and maturity-onset diabetes (p less than 0.005) were significantly greater in group I than in group II. The serum glutamic pyruvic transminase (p less than 0.05) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (p less than 0.05) contents were significantly greater in group II than in group I. The cholinesterase content (p less than 0.05) was significantly less in group II. Significant differences were found in the grades of nuclear vacuolation (p less than 0.001, Fisher's exact probability test), periportal pericellular fibrosis, proliferation of bile ductules, and changes in the shape of the portal tracts (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test). Zonal necrosis in group I was seen in only severe steatohepatitis. These clinical and biochemical findings were found to be useful in differentiating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from alcoholic hepatitis. Liver biopsy was of limited value at best in separating the two conditions.
Effect of growth rate on the band gap of Ga0.5In0.5P (1990)

The band gap of Ga0.5In0.5P is reported as a function of growth rate and growth temperature. The Ga0.5In0.5P is grown lattice matched to 2°-off (100) GaAs substrates by atmospheric pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition using an inlet group V/III ratio of 65. The variation of the band gap is surprisingly complex, taking five different functional forms within the two-dimensional parameter space. These include regions in which the band gap (1) increases with growth rate, (2) decreases with growth rate, (3) is independent of both growth rate and temperature, (4) is independent of growth rate, but dependent on growth temperature, and (5) is not measurable since three-dimensional, instead of two-dimensional, growth is observed. The behavior can only be explained by a theory involving competing processes. One such theory is described.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NAFION MEMBRANES FOR USE IN THREE‐ELECTRODE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE CELLS (1983)

Abstract Bez. ihrer Anwendbarkeit in Sonnenenergie‐Speicherzellen mit CdSe‐Photoanode und Sulfid/Polysulfid‐Redoxpaar (NaOH‐alkalische Lösungen von NaZS und Nazsx) wurden Nafion‐Kationenaustauscher‐Membranen untersucht.
PCR‐positivity in harvested bone marrow predicts relapse after transplantation with autologous purged bone marrow in children in second remission of precursor B‐cell acute leukaemia (1997)

Purging of autologous bone marrow (BM) grafts of children in second remission after a relapse of precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in the BM has been carried out in our laboratory since 1987, initially by complement mediated cell lysis. This protocol was extended by performing an immunorosette depletion before lysis with complement. The aim of the present study was to assess by polymerase chain reaction the presence of residual leukaemic cells in the BM grafts before and after purging. The results were then correlated to clinical outcome. In 24/28 patients a PCR product was obtained by amplification of IgH and/or TcR junctional regions. BM before purging was available for analysis in 13 patients. We found that leukaemic cells could be detected in 8/13 (62%) of these grafts before purging . All these eight patients experienced a relapse, regardless of whether the purging procedure had been successful (defined as achievement of PCR-negativity) or not. In contrast, none of the five patients with PCR-negative grafts before purging relapsed (P = 0.0008). One patient died due to transplant-related toxicity. Of the remaining 23 patients, nine patients received a PCR-positive BM graft after purging. All these nine patients experienced a relapse as compared to 6/14 whose BM was PCR-negative after purging (P = 0.0072). Two of eight PCR-positive BM grafts could be purged to PCR-negativity. Thus, improvements both in treatment of leukaemia and in purging efficacy are still needed.
Visceral fat accumulation: the missing link between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular disease? (1991)

Neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial pressures have been well characterized. The defence reaction is followed by increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Essential hypertension might be induced by such mechanisms. The defeat reaction is characterized by increased activity along the corticotropin releasing factor-adrenocorticotropin hormone-cortisol axis, resulting in the inhibition of gonadotropin secretion. Such endocrine disturbances are followed by metabolic aberrations, and probably also by the accumulation of visceral fat. Subjects with abdominal fat accumulation (high waist/hip circumference ratio, WHR) have recently been found to exhibit a number of psychosocial handicaps, together with endocrine aberrations characteristic of the defence and, in particular, the defeat reaction, as well as the associated circulatory and metabolic aberrations. Such abnormalities, including the WHR itself, are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It is postulated that increased WHR is a symptom of chronic hypothalamic arousal as a result of a defeat reaction to psychosocial pressures. This might lead to the development of disease via circulatory and metabolic derangements.
Time course of platelet counts in critically ill patients (2002)

Platelet count changes in the critically ill have a biphasic pattern that is different in survivors and nonsurvivors. Late thrombocytopenia is more predictive of death than early thrombocytopenia. A relative increase in platelet count after thrombocytopenia was present in survivors but not in nonsurvivors. Although a single measured platelet count is of little value for predicting outcome, changes in platelet count over time are related to patient outcome.
Development of mammary and cutaneous gland tumors in transgenic mice carrying the RET/PTC1 oncogene. (1996)

RET/PTC1 is a chimeric oncogene created by the fusion of the tyrosine kinase domain of RET to the 5'-terminal region of another gene named H4. So far, this oncogene has been found activated only in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. In order to investigate its transforming properties in vivo, we have produced transgenic mice carrying RET/PTC1 under the control of the H4 promoter. The transgene was expressed in several tissues, consistently with the ubiquitous expression of the wild type H4 gene. Mammary adenocarcinomas and, less frequently, hyperplasia of sebaceous glands and rare benign skin tumors, named pilomatrixomas, developed in these mice. The tumors were shown to express the transgene both at the RNA and protein level. These results demonstrate that the transforming ability of the RET/PTC1 oncogene is not restricted to the thyroid epithelium in vivo. Despite its ubiquitous expression, however, RET/PTC1 was able to induce only a limited number of tumor types; specifically mammary epithelium was affected by transgene expression, thus suggesting that RET/PTC1 is able to couple with transforming pathways specific for these glandular cells.