gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary structure and immunogenicity of hybrid synthetic peptides derived from two <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> pre-erythrocytic antigens. (1990)

Multicomponent synthetic vaccines containing both B and T cell epitopes belonging to two different pre-erythrocytic Ag of Plasmodium falciparum are presented. In a di-component hybrid, a circumsporozoite T cell epitope and a peptide representing a liver stage-specific Ag were connected to obtain a reciprocal reinforcement of helical potentials. In a tri-component hybrid, a sequence corresponding to the circumsporozoite repeat tetrapeptide (NPNA) was tandemly synthesized on the N-terminal end of the di-component hybrid. Both hybrid molecules were able to adopt a partial helical conformation in water as determined by circular dichroism studies. To analyze if the different components were immunologically functional in these vaccines, mich bearing genetic backgrounds known to respond or not to the individual components were immunized with the hybrids. The tri-hybrid peptide showed high immunogenic capacity as it elicited, in both H-2b and H-2k mice, high antibody responses against every separate individual sequence. Moreover, the antibodies induced by these conformationally restricted peptides were able to recognize the corresponding native proteins in the liver schizont and the sporozoite surface. H-2d mice, in which the immune response to the individual components was genetically restricted, did respond against the di-hybrid peptide. The tri-hybrid peptide, in which NPNA repeats were present, lacked this H-2d-priming capacity but it triggered antibody production in H-2d mice previously primed with the di-hybrid peptide. These results indicate that multivalent vaccines can provide positive (potentiating) effects by carefully combining structurally well defined epitopes; however, negative (suppressive) effects are also possible suggesting that selection of multivalent vaccine components will require testing of combined molecules to optimize specific immune responses and avoid undesirable effects which may result from negative molecular interactions.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials (2016)

OLED 디스플레이가 출시된 이후에도 OLED 소자의 효율 및 수명 특성을 개선하기 위해 지속적인 연구 개발이 진행되어 왔다. OLED 소자의 효율 및 수명은 다양한 방법으로 개선할 수 있으나, 발광층 재료의 효율 및 수명 개선이 핵심 기술로 인식되고 있다. 현재 OLED 패널에서 발광층을 구성하는 청색, 녹색 그리고 적색 발광층 소재 중 녹색 및 적색 발광 재료는 인광 재료가 채택되어 고효율, 장수명 특성을 보여주고 있으나, 아직까지 청색 발광층에 는 상대적으로 효율이 떨어지는 형광 재료를 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 고효율, 장수명의 청색 재료의 개발이 요구되고 있으며, 이에 기존의 인광 재료에 대한 연구와 더불어 인광 수준의 효율 특성을 구현할 수 있는 열활성 지연 형광 재료에 대한 연구가 병행되고 있다. 본 고에서는 현재까지 개발된 열활성 지연 형광 재료에 대한 개발 현황과 기본적인 재료의 특징, 분자설계 방법 그리고 응용 기술에 대해 소개하고자 한다.
Modelling business negotiations for electronic commerce (1998)

E-commerce &quot;localizes global markets&quot; by opening remote markets to retail and to small companies. Newly developed E-commerce tools allow individual and organizational buyers to search for suppliers anywhere and make deals electronically. We propose a software agent that interacts with a buyer and elicits information about the criteria, preferences, and limitations, and that conducts business negotiation on behalf of the buyer. The agent has been implemented and tested in Negoplan, a software system that supports the simulation of decision processes. Results of several negotiation simulations are presented. About the Authors Gregory E. Kersten is a Senior Research Scholar with the Decision Analysis and Support Project at IIASA. S. Szpakowicz is Professor of Computer Sciences at the School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. Modelling Business Negotiations for Electronic Commerce G. E. Kersten S. Szpakowicz 1. Introduction Internet conn...
Testosterone replacement in men with andropause: an overview. (2004)

Serum testosterone levels decline progressively as men age, with resulting pathophysiological changes. Because the onset of andropause is gradual and many of its symptoms mirror those associated with medications or disease states common in the elderly, a clinical diagnosis can be difficult to make. Additionally, because of a lack of established normal testosterone levels for different age groups, as well as confusion regarding what subset of testosterone to measure, simply testing testosterone levels is inadequate. Although clinical studies have shown testosterone supplementation to be safe, no long-term placebo-controlled trials have been performed. Among the possible side effects of testosterone replacement therapy is an increased risk of prostate cancer. While there is no evidence that supplemental testosterone will initiate prostate cancer or cause clinically significant progression of an established occult malignancy, the initial evaluation of patients prior to administration of testosterone requires screening for prostatic carcinoma. A number of formulations of testosterone are currently available; transdermal gels, although expensive, are the preferred modality because of their ease of administration.
Esterification. (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsterification.M. L. Peterson and J. W. WayCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 9, 1081–1085Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51397a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51397a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views705Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In-depth study of DNA binding of Cys2His2 finger domains in testis zinc-finger protein (2017)

Previously, we identified that both fingers 1 and 2 in the three Cys2His2 zinc-finger domains (TZD) of testis zinc-finger protein specifically bind to its cognate DNA; however, finger 3 is non-sequence-specific. To gain insights into the interaction mechanism, here we further investigated the DNA-binding characteristics of TZD bound to non-specific DNAs and its finger segments bound to cognate DNA. TZD in non-specific DNA binding showed smaller chemical shift perturbations, as expected. However, the direction of shift perturbation, change of DNA imino-proton NMR signal, and dynamics on the 15N backbone atom significantly differed between specific and non-specific binding. Using these unique characteristics, we confirmed that the three single-finger segments (TZD1, TZD2 and TZD3) and the two-finger segment (TZD23) non-specifically bind to the cognate DNA. In comparison, the other two-finger segment (TZD12) binding to the cognate DNA features simultaneous non-specific and semi-specific binding, both slowly exchanged in terms of NMR timescale. The process of TZD binding to the cognate DNA is likely stepwise: initially TZD non-specifically binds to DNA, then fingers 1 and 2 insert cooperatively into the major groove of DNA by semi-specific binding, and finally finger 3 non-specifically binds to DNA, which promotes the specific binding on fingers 1 and 2 and stabilizes the formation of a specific TZD-DNA complex.
High-speed median filter designs using shiftable content-addressable memory (1994)

This paper presents a very efficient VLSI architecture for real-time median filtering as requested in many image/video applications. The median is obtained by first sorting input sequences and then selecting identified order according to the number of inputs. To reach the goal of high-speed data sorting, an optimized delete-and-insert algorithm is derived and then mapped onto shiftable content-addressable memory architecture. The complete design can be decomposed into a set of processor elements, where each processor element consists of two basic cells-sort-cell and compare-cell. Thus the design becomes very regular. More specifically any specified order can be obtained within one cycle and a high-speed clock rate can be achieved. A prototype chip for 64 samples based on this architecture has been implemented and tested. Results show that a clock rate up to 50 MHz can be achieved using a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS double metal technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Various Dissolution Systems on the Molecular Weight of Regenerated Silk Fibroin (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteEffect of Various Dissolution Systems on the Molecular Weight of Regenerated Silk FibroinQin Wang†, Quan Chen‡, Yuhong Yang*§, and Zhengzhong Shao*†View Author Information† †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and §Research Centre for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China‡ Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States*E-mail: [email protected] (Z.S.); [email protected] (Y.Y.).Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2013, 14, 1, 285–289Publication Date (Web):December 6, 2012Publication History Received20 September 2012Published online27 December 2012Published inissue 14 January 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bm301741qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/bm301741qbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3243Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biomimetic materials,Biopolymers,Fibers,Peptides and proteins,Solvents Get e-Alerts
A High-Speed Sequential Decoder: Prototype Design and Test (1971)

We describe the design of a rate-1/2 hard-decision sequential decoder capable of operation at data rates up to 5 M bit/s. Test results are given for digitally generated errors, white noise, and real channels. The results are substantially in agreement with predictions of a coding gain of the order of 5 dB at a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> error rate.
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: principles and applications (2015)

This review provides a detailed overview of the state of the art in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and focuses on its applications at the horizon including those in materials science, chemical science and biological science. The capabilities and potential of TERS are demonstrated by summarising major achievements of TERS applications in disparate fields of scientific research. Finally, an outlook has been given on future development of the technique and the mechanisms of achieving high signal enhancement and spatial resolution.
Future Needs in Weed Science (1984)

Losses due to weeds in the United States and the cost of their control are now more than $20 billion annually (35). Of this total, $13 billion represents a 10% annual loss in agricultural production that includes not only the direct competition of weeds to reduce crop yields but also the reduced quality of produce, livestock losses, and increased cost of fertilizer, irrigation, harvesting, grain drying, transportation, and storage. In addition, farmers spend more than $7.2 billion to control weeds each year. About 43% of the expenditures to control weeds is the retail cost of herbicides, $3.1 billion, in 1980 (15). The value of herbicides sold in 1984 will probably be about 15% higher than in 1980. An additional $4.1 billion represents the cost of tillage and hand labor required for weed control (35). The total loss of over $20 billion represents an indirect annual weed tax of about $85 on each individual living in the United States.
Comparison of Mouse Ly5<sup>a</sup> and Ly5<sup>b</sup> Leucocyte CommonAntigen Alleles (1991)

The family of leucocyte common antigen (LCA) transmembrane glycoproteins is expressed in most hematopoietic cells. Molecular isoforms of the LCA molecule are generated by alternative splicing of a single gene encoded on the murine chromosome 1. Three LCA alleles with different antigenic reactivities have been identified in inbred mouse strains. To investigate the divergence between alleles, cDNA clones to the SJA (Ly5a) LCA gene have been isolated and sequenced. A comparison of this information to the Ly5b allele sequence identifies 12 allele-specific nucleotide changes. These base substitutions correspond to five amino-acid changes within the extracellular domain of the LCA molecule. These amino-acid differences are clustered in a region that also contains the greatest divergence between mouse and rat LCA sequences. Thus, these two mouse LCA alleles exhibit a pattern of sequence conservation that mimics that found over a much broader scale of evolution. Analysis of antigenicity profiles for each of the allelic sequence changes reveals three molecular domains of altered antigenicity that could account for observed serological differences between the two alleles. Sequence information from the 5' end of the Ly5a LCA gene, generated using polymerase chain-reaction techniques on genomic DNA, reveals eight additional nucleotide differences between the Ly5a and Ly5b alleles.
Short and long-term safe operating area considerations in LDMOS transistors (2005)

Lateral DMOS transistors are widely used in mixed-signal IC circuit designs, particularly where power handling is important. This paper views the LDMOS from a power-handling perspective, considering both design and characterization aspects. The complex nature of the LDMOS safe operating area (SOA) can be dealt with by considering long-term and short-term operating conditions. Long-term conditions are covered by a hot carrier SOA, and short-term conditions are further sub-divided into electrical SOA and thermal SOA. Characterization examples of the various kinds of SOA are given.
Yield Strength and Dislocation Mobility of KCl–KBr Solid Solution Single Crystals (1977)

The concentration and strain rate dependence of the critical shear stress in KCl–KBr solid solutions was measured by compression tests. These data were compared with the stress dependence of the dislocation velocity measured by an etch pit technique. Edge dislocation moved slower than screw dislocation at the same stress level. The critical stress was determined by the edge dislocation mobility, and the mobile dislocation density at yielding was about 1.2×1011 m-2 for the three kinds of composition tested. An analytical model of the hardening mechanism is proposed on the basis of the elastic interaction (size misfit) between an edge dislocation and solute atoms. When compared with experimental results, this model gives satisfactory results not only for KCl–KBr but also for NaCl–NaBr, and NaBr–KBr solid solutions.
Cross-allergenicity among the grasses. (1985)

RAST inhibition was employed to determine the allergenic relationship of five common western grasses (brome, quack, western wheat, salt, and grama), three southern grasses (Bermuda, Johnson, and Bahia), and six common northern grasses (timothy, June, rye, red top, meadow fescue, and sweet vernal). The patterns of cross-allergenicity suggested by these studies were compared to those suggested by the botanical classification of these grasses. There was significant cross-allergenicity among the grasses studied. Brome, western wheat, and quack grasses demonstrated RAST inhibition patterns similar to the northern grasses. Salt and grama grasses exhibited close allergenic relationships to Bermuda grass, which was allergenically distinct from the northern grasses. Johnson grass appeared to share allergenicity with both the northern grasses and Bermuda grass. Bahia shared allergenicity with the northern grasses, but also possessed some unique allergens. Timothy and Bermuda grass appeared to account for all of the RAST-inhibiting activity contained in the other grasses studied with the possible exception of Bahia grass.
Linear object classes and image synthesis from a single example image (1997)

The need to generate new views of a 3D object from a single real image arises in several fields, including graphics and object recognition. While the traditional approach relies on the use of 3D models, simpler techniques are applicable under restricted conditions. The approach exploits image transformations that are specific to the relevant object class, and learnable from example views of other "prototypical" objects of the same class. In this paper, we introduce such a technique by extending the notion of linear class proposed by the authors (1992). For linear object classes, it is shown that linear transformations can be learned exactly from a basis set of 2D prototypical views. We demonstrate the approach on artificial objects and then show preliminary evidence that the technique can effectively "rotate" high-resolution face images from a single 2D view.
A Quantitative Stable-Isotope LC−MS Method for the Determination of Folic Acid in Fortified Foods (2001)

A stable-isotope liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay was developed for the quantitative determination of folic acid in fortified foods. Folic acid was extracted from food samples into a phosphate buffer, purified on a C-18 Sep-Pak cartridge, and analyzed by LC-MS in the negative ion mode using electrospray ionization. The analyte was quantified using (13)C(5)-folic acid as an internal standard. The coefficient of variation for the precision of the method was 5.6% based on the analysis of four sample replicates. The accuracy of the method was assessed using a standard method of addition of folic acid to a shredded whole-wheat cereal. The quantitative determination of folic acid in this matrix was linear over 1 order of magnitude having a concentration range of 2.4 to 24 microg/g of food (or 0.05 to 0.5 microg of analyte injected into the LC-MS). The overall quantitative efficiency of the method was evaluated using a standard reference material (infant formula SRM 1846). The method was applied to the determination of folic acid in several test samples (fortified breakfast cereals), and the values were in accord with the manufacturer's claim. This method advances a LC-MS technique for the determination of folic acid in fortified foods based on stable-isotope dilution methodology. The specificity of the technique and quantitative accuracy of the method in various food substrates suggests that the method may be adapted for routine analysis in other fortified foods.
A Virtual Machine for Multi-Language Execution (2002)

This paper presents the architecture of a virtual machine designed specifically for the execution of multiple languages, which we call Seam. The architecture consists of a number of generic components, usable by all languages, and of a number of interfaces for which implementations have to be provided by language implementors. Our contribution is the identification of the generic services and the clean design for the parameterization over their language-specific aspects. The goal of Seam is to provide both for ample reuse and simple language implementation, concerning both compilers and runtime components, and to be a platform for language interoperation. We have implemented a prototype version of Seam and validated it with two language implementations. We present a full running implementation of Alice and a nave implementation of a Java Virtual Machine running on Seam. The paper presents first implementation e#ort and performance results for the prototype.
Interdisciplinary courses and team teaching: new arrangements for learning (1996)

James Davis offers a realistic and stimulating examination of interdisciplinary theory and practice. In addition to providing specific tips on successful team teaching, the book features information drawn from the professional literature, survey results, and useful examples from the author's personal experience. It also includes a listing of nearly 100 interdisciplinary, team-taught courses currently being offered at colleges and universities throughout North America. The book demonstrates that team teaching, when effectively implemented, is fulfilling for both educator and student.
Optimization of the high-frequency contactless conductivity detector for capillary electrophoresis (2002)

Two constructions of the high-frequency contactless conductivity detector that are fitted to the specific demands of capillary zone electrophoresis are described. The axial arrangement of the electrodes of the conductivity cell with two cylindrical electrodes placed around the outer wall of the capillary column is used. We propose an equivalent electrical model of the axial contactless conductivity cell, which explains the features of its behavior including overshooting phenomena. We give the computer numerical solution of the model enabling simulation of real experimental runs. The role of many parameters can be evaluated in this way, such as the dimension of the separation channel, dimension of the electrodes, length of the gap between electrodes, influence of the shielding, etc. The conception of model allows its use for the optimization of the construction of the conductivity cell, either in the cylindrical format or in the microchip format. The ability of the high-frequency contactless conductivity detector is demonstrated on separation of inorganic ions.
A 3.7 MHz phased array probe using 0.91Pb(Zn/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-0.09PbTiO/sub 3/ (1999)

A novel 128-channel phased array probe for echocardiography with a center frequency of 3.7 MHz using 0.91Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.09PbTiO(3 ) (PZN-9%PT) single crystal has been fabricated to realize greater sensitivity and broader bandwidth properties. The echo amplitude of the PZN-9%PT single-crystal probe is about 5 dB higher than that of the conventional lead airconate titanate (PZT) ceramic probe, and the fractional bandwidth is about 25 percentage points broader. The quality of B mode images obtained by the PZN-9%PT probe satisfies the performance of the two types of conventional PZT ceramic probes that have center frequencies of 2.5 and 3.75 MHz. At the reference frequency of 3 MHz, the Doppler sensitivity of the PZN-9%PT probe is about 5 dB higher than that of the 3.75 MHz PZT probe; the blood flow of a pulmonary vein in a hard-to-image patient is much more clearly imaged than in the case of using the PZT probe. These superior images are attributable to the use of sufficiently large PZN-9%PT single crystals obtained by the self-flux method.