gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A specific test for transthyretin 122 (Val----Ile), based on PCR-primer-introduced restriction analysis (PCR-PIRA): confirmation of the gene frequency in blacks. (1992)

The variant transthyretin (TTR) allele, TTR (122 Val----Ile), associated with cardiac amyloidosis in blacks, is caused by a G----A transition which destroys a MaeIII site. This variant has previously been detected by PCR around codon 122, followed by MaeIII digestion, but this test is not specific: any of 12 mutations in the MaeIII recognition site, each of which yields a different amino acid change, would also destroy this site. A modification of PCR, termed "PCR-primer-introduced restriction analysis," was used to introduce a new FokI site into the PCR products derived from the variant (122 Ile) but not wild-type (122 Val) allele. This test demonstrated that each of six previously identified MaeIII(-) alleles had lost its MaeIII site because of a G----A transition encoding TTR (122 Val----Ile), confirming that the same TTR variant was present both in 4/177 healthy black individuals and as a homozygous variant in an individual with cardiac amyloidosis.
Role of water and oxygen in wet and dry oxidation of diamond (2001)

The wetting properties of diamond surfaces have been theoretically and experimentally investigated in the temperature range of 200–700 °C. It was experimentally observed that the conversion from hydrophobic to hydrophilic surfaces will be more efficient with an increase in temperature when using a mixture of H2O and O2 in a wet-oxidation furnace, or only O2 in a dry-oxidation furnace. This conversion is especially efficient at temperatures higher than 400 °C. Molecular dynamic simulations of the wet- and dry-oxidation processes at 450 °C, together with a more thorough theoretical quantum mechanical study of various important adsorption processes at zero K, resulted in two favorable adsorption processes, dissociative adsorption of H2O and O2, respectively. Surface reactions including gaseous H2O were found to be responsible for the large hydrophilic properties of diamond surfaces at lower temperature, while the corresponding surface reactions including gaseous O2 species were most probably the dominant ones at higher temperatures. These results were strongly supported by the comparative experiments presented in this article.
Low Redundancy Oversampled Lapped Transforms and Application to 3D Seismic Data Filtering (2006)

In a previous work, we proposed a relatively simple method to build non separable perfect reconstruction oversampled lapped transforms. The main drawback of this method was that the redundancy factor was constrained to be equal to the overlapping one. This constitutes a strong limitation for applications such as seismic processing involving three-dimensional data sets. The memory requirements may indeed become hard to meet if the redundancy is not reduced. In this paper, we propose an approach to guarantee that a given lapped transform is invertible by a finite length filter bank. We show how to compute a corresponding synthesis filter bank. The proposed analysis/synthesis filter bank system is applied to directional filtering of noisy three-dimensional seismic data
Proximity effect correction for high-voltage electron beam lithography (1989)

A new proximity effect correction method using an approximate dose correction formula has been developed. The method is especially effective for a high acceleration voltage. In the case of an acceleration voltage of 40 kV, the correction error for the energy deposition in the resist was estimated analytically to be less than ±7%. The deviations of the line and space pattern dimensions were also evaluated experimentally to be less than ±0.03 μm. The calculation time for correcting a 4-Mbit dynamic random access memory (DRAM) was only 0.7 h using a large-scale computer of 15 MIPS (mega instructions per second). Even if the LSI patterns have no hierarchical structure, in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) pattern the calculation time would be 1 h or so. A 4-Mbit DRAM pattern can be written using the electron beam direct-writing system EX-7 with sufficient accuracy. These results suggest that the method is practical.
Novel inhibitors of sterol C‐14 demethylase and Δ<sup>14</sup> Reductase/Δ<sup>8</sup> → Δ<sup>7</sup> isomerase for cereal disease control (1992)

Abstract The activity of five experimental fungicides combining structural elements responsible for sterol C‐14 demethylase inhibition and sterol nuclear double‐bond transformations has been investigated by examining sterol accumulation in Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda, inhibition of sterol‐biosynthesis enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyer using a cell‐free system and protective activity in cereals against Erysiphe graminis DC. and Puccinia coronata Corda. Combining the fenpropidin/fenpropimorph basic structure with a pyridine moiety offered no advantage in fungicidal activity. However, the combination of the pyrifenox structure with a morpholine moiety yielded a compound which was a good inhibitor of C‐14 demethylase and Δ 8 → Δ 7 isomerase in vitro and gave good cereal protection.
Prioritizing Environmental Health Risks in the UAE (2010)

This article presents the results of a comparative environmental risk-ranking exercise that was conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to inform a strategic planning process led by the Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi (EAD). It represents the first national-level application of a deliberative method for comparative risk ranking first published in this journal. The deliberative method involves a five-stage process that includes quantitative risk assessment by experts and deliberations by groups of stakeholders. The project reported in this article considered 14 categories of environmental risks to health identified through discussions with EAD staff: ambient and indoor air pollution; drinking water contamination; coastal water pollution; soil and groundwater contamination; contamination of fruits, vegetables, and seafood; ambient noise; stratospheric ozone depletion; electromagnetic fields from power lines; health impacts from climate change; and exposure to hazardous substances in industrial, construction, and agricultural work environments. Results from workshops involving 73 stakeholders who met in five separate groups to rank these risks individually and collaboratively indicated strong consensus that outdoor and indoor air pollution are the highest priorities in the UAE. Each of the five groups rated these as being among the highest risks. All groups rated soil and groundwater contamination as being among the lowest risks. In surveys administered after the ranking exercises, participants indicated that the results of the process represented their concerns and approved of using the ranking results to inform policy decisions. The results ultimately shaped a strategic plan that is now being implemented.
Statistical modelling and analysis of sparse bus probe data in urban areas (2010)

Congestion in urban areas causes financial loss to business and increased use of energy compared with free-flowing traffic. Providing citizens with accurate information on traffic conditions can encourage journeys at times of low congestion and uptake of public transport. Installing the measurement infrastructure in a city to provide this information is expensive and potentially invades privacy. Increasingly, public transport vehicles are equipped with sensors to provide real-time arrival time estimates, but these data are sparse. Our work shows how these data can be used to estimate journey times experienced by road users generally. In this paper we describe (i) what a typical data set from a fleet of over 100 buses looks like; (ii) describe an algorithm to extract bus journeys and estimate their duration along a single route; (iii) show how to visualise journey times and the influence of contextual factors; (iv) validate our approach for recovering speed information from the sparse movement data.
Balancing Cooling and IT Airflow with Dampers in Ceiling-Ducted Hot-Aisle Containment in Data Centers (2019)

Physical containment is often used to separate cold and hot airflow streams for reliable and efficient cooling in data centers. In a common implementation, all (or most) data-center-pod hot aisles are ducted directly to the ceiling plenum. Since each contained IT pod typically has different IT airflow and leakage characteristics, the amount of cooling airflow drawn through each pod varies significantly. Therefore, it is usually necessary to oversupply cooling airflow at the data-center level to ensure that sufficient airflow is drawn through each pod. This practice wastes considerable energy due to increased cooling-fan power and reduced cooling-system efficiency. A much closer match between IT and cooling airflow can be achieved by employing adjustable dampers installed between the pod hot aisle and the ceiling plenum. In order to analyze the efficiency improvements afforded by the damper systems, we developed a software tool based on a computationally efficient flow network model (FNM) of the airflow in ceiling-ducted containment systems. This paper describes the FNM and a closed-form technique for predicting optimal damper settings which balance pod airflows. Finally, the FNM can also be used in the development of damper-control systems based on pressure measurements for real facilities.
A Simple Relational Classifier (2003)

We analyze a Relational Neighbor (RN) classifier, a simple relational predictive model that predicts only based on class labels of related neighbors, using no learning and no inherent attributes.We show that it performs surprisingly well by comparing it to more complex models such as Probabilistic Relational Models and Relational Probability Trees on three data sets from published work. We argue that a simple model such as this should be used as a baseline to assess the performance of relational learners.
Doped HfO2 for Higher-k Dielectrics (2006)

In this work, we discuss doping effects of other metal oxides into HfO2 as a function of annealing temperature or doping concentration, and demonstrate a dramatic change of dielectric properties of doped HfO2 films. In addition to the relative dielectric constant (k-value), crystallization/amorphous characteristics have been also studied. One case induces easier crystallization than the pure HfO2, while the other case keeps amorphous up to 900 ºC without nitrogen introduction. From those observations, we discuss a general guideline for obtaining higher-k dielectric films.
[Cardiodepressive effect of alcohol in low doses in normal persons and patients with coronary disease]. (1976)

To study the effect of small amounts of ethanol 1 ml whisky (43 vol. %) per kg body weight was given to normal subjects (n = 11) and patients with coronary heart disease (n = 11) and the systolic time intervals (STI) PEP (preejection period), LVET (left ventricular ejection time), QS2 (total electromechanical systole) and PEP/LVET were measured. A control group consisted of five patients with coronary heart disease. The following results were obtained: Already at rest PEP/LVET was significantly higher in patients with coronary heart disease. After the ingestion of alcohol, significant changes of the STI were observed; mainly an increase of PEP and PEP-LVET was found. In patients with coronary heart disease the effect began earlier, was significantly higher and lasted significantly longer than in normal subjects. According to invasive correlation-studies of different authors, these results indicate an impairment of left ventricular function, especially of ejection fraction and contractility. These alterations seem to be more pronounced in patients with coronary heart disease. The results of this study should be considered in advising patients with coronary heart disease.
Preparation of New Organic Luminophores Based on 3,5-Diacetylpyridines (1992)

The reaction of acetylacetone or sodium salt of oxymethyleneacetone with corresponding aldehydes has been used to prepare 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridines III which have been oxidized to diacetylpyridines VII . These compounds have been transformed by an acid-catalyzed reaction with benzaldehyde into the chalcones VIII which have been utilized for the Kröhnke synthesis of luminophoric terpyridines I and II .
Growth and characterization of ZnO-based buffer layers for CIGS solar cells (2010)

ZnO-based compounds are of interest as buffer layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) solar cells, due to the ability to change the electrical and optical properties of ZnO by addition of other elements. The device structure of a CIGS solar cell is; soda-lime glass/Mo/CIGS/buffer layer/ZnO/ZnO:Al. This contribution treats growth and characterization of Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O and Zn(O,S) on glass substrates and as buffer layers in CIGS solar cell devices. The ZnO-based compounds are grown by atomic layer deposition at deposition temperatures below 200 °C using metal-organic precursors.
Crystal structure and magnetoresistance of Na-doped LaMnO<sub>3</sub> (1999)

The crystal structure and magnetoresistance of are investigated. La1-xNaxMnO3 crystallizes in a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure and exhibits a sharp ferromagnetic transition as well as a negative magnetoresistance at around room temperature. On the basis of alternating-current susceptibility and resistivity measurements as well as a comparison with La1-xNaxMnO3 compounds, it is proposed that Na doping tends to drive the system from a regime characterized by strong Hund coupling and strong electron-phonon coupling to one characterized by weak Hund coupling and weak electron-phonon coupling.
Regio- and Enantioselective Allylic Amination of Achiral Allylic Esters Catalyzed by an Iridium−Phosphoramidite Complex (2002)

A new catalytic asymmetric process, the iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic amination of (E)-cinnamyl and terminal aliphatic allylic carbonates, was developed by exploring complexes of chiral phosphoramidites. The reaction provided branched secondary and tertiary allylic amines in high yields with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity (13 examples over 94% ee). Although the reactions in polar solvent such as DMF, EtOH, and MeOH were fast, they gave low enantiomeric excesses. In contrast, reactions in THF displayed the most suitable balance of rate and enantioselectivity. Both the binaphthol unit and the disubstituted amine in the phosphoramidite affected reactivity and selectivity, and complexes of O,O'-(R)-(1,1'-dinaphthyl-2,2'-diyl)-N,N'-di-(R,R)-1-phenylethylphosphoramidite provided the highest reactivity and selectivity. Primary and cyclic secondary amines reacted at room temperature, and acyclic diethylamine reacted at 50 degrees C. p-Methoxy-substituted cinnamyl carbonate reacted similarly to the unsubstituted cinnamyl carbonate, but the o-methoxy-substituted substrate gave lower enantiomeric excess. High ee's were also observed for the products from the reaction of furanyl- and alkyl-substituted (E)-allylic carbonates.
Bandwidth-tunable add–drop filters based on micro-electro-mechanical-system actuated silicon microtoroidal resonators (2009)

A bandwidth-tunable filter has been demonstrated based on a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) actuated single-crystalline silicon microtoroidal resonator. Bandwidth is tuned from 2.8 to 78.4 GHz by voltage control, the largest bandwidth tuning range reported to date to our knowledge in resonator-based filters. A 21.8 dB extinction ratio is attained as a dynamic add-drop filter.
Bright white organic light-emitting diode (2001)

A very bright white organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was realized by using a bright blue-emitting layer, 1,7-diphenyl-4-biphenyl-3,5-dimethyl-1,7-dihydrodipyrazolo[3,4-b;4′,3′-e]pyridine (PAP-Ph), together with a 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyry)-4H-pyran (DCM)-doped Alq [tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III)] layer to provide blue, red, and green emission for color mixing. By appropriately controlling the layer thickness, the white light OLED achieved good performance of 24 700 cd/m2 at 15 V, 1.93 lm/W at 6.5 V, and &gt;300 cd/m2 at 7.7 mA/cm2. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of the emitted light are quite stable at voltages from 6 to 12 V, ranging from (0.35, 0.34) to (0.34, 0.35).
FOTOGRAFIAS DA RELAÇÃO SER HUMANO-NATUREZA NOS CADERNOS DE CIÊNCIAS DO PROGRAMA SÃO PAULO FAZ ESCOLA (2018)

Refletindo sobre os problemas ambientais, consideramos que a fotografia possui um grande potencial educativo para o trabalho com a educação ambiental crítica, contribuindo para a formação do sujeito autônomo e emancipado. Ela pode despertar o interesse pelas questões ambientais, levando a seu aprofundamento, à sensibilização do sujeito e construção de novos valores, constituindo uma possibilidade transformadora na existência de cidadãos mais preocupados com a sociedade e a natureza. Partindo disso, nesta pesquisa documental, de caráter qualitativo, buscamos investigar as fotografias envolvendo a relação ser humano-natureza presentes nos cadernos de Ciências da rede de educação pública paulista. A maior parte das fotos analisadas foram enquadradas na concepção utilitarista, que implica na ideia da natureza vista como recurso. As fotos possuem o potencial para aprofundar os assuntos apresentados, mas esses eram tratados no texto a elas associado de forma superficial. Questionamos também a ausência de fotos mais apropriadas para os assuntos tratados.
Maturation of high-density lipoproteins (2009)

Human high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are involved in the transport of cholesterol. The mechanism by which HDL assembles and functions is not well understood owing to a lack of structural information on circulating spherical HDL. Here, we report a series of molecular dynamics simulations that describe the maturation of discoidal HDL into spherical HDL upon incorporation of cholesterol ester as well as the resulting atomic level structure of a mature circulating spherical HDL particle. Sixty cholesterol ester molecules were added in a stepwise fashion to a discoidal HDL particle containing two apolipoproteins wrapped around a 160 dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer. The resulting matured particle, captured in a coarse-grained description, was then described in a consistent all-atom representation and analysed in chemical detail. The simulations show that maturation results from the formation of a highly dynamic hydrophobic core comprised of cholesterol ester surrounded by phospholipid and protein; the two apolipoprotein strands remain in a belt-like conformation as seen in the discoidal HDL particle, but with flexible N- and C-terminal helices and a central region stabilized by salt bridges. In the otherwise flexible lipoproteins, a less mobile central region provides an ideal location to bind lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, the key enzyme that converts cholesterol to cholesterol ester during HDL maturation.
3-D structure of a mutant (Asp101 → Ser) of <i>E.coli</i> alkaline phosphatase with higher catalytic activity (1992)

Mutagenesis of the absolutely conserved residue Asp101 of the non-specific monoesterase alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) from E. coli has produced an enzyme with increased kcat. The carboxyl group of the Asp101 residue has been proposed to be involved in the positioning of Arg166 and the formation of the helix that contains the active site Ser102. The crystal structure of the Asp101-->Ser mutant has been refined at 2.5 A to a final crystallographic R-factor of 0.173. The altered active site structure of the mutant is compared with that of the wild-type as well as with the structures of the mutant enzyme soaked in two known alkaline phosphatase inhibitors (inorganic phosphate and arsenate). The changes affect primarily the side chain of Arg166 which, by losing the hydrogen bond interaction with the carboxyl side chain of Asp101, becomes more flexible. This analysis, in conjunction with product inhibition studies of the mutant enzyme, suggests that at high pH (> 7) the enzyme achieves a quicker catalytic turnover by allowing a faster release of the product.
Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)-Bentonite Flocculation Test for Lupus Erythematosus (1960)

(1) The test is conducted by adding a suspension of bentonite particles previously coated with desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to heat inactivated serum dilutions. (2) Flocculation test showed agreement with L. E. cell test in 8 cases of lupus erythematosus. (3) L. E. cell test appeared to be more sensitive than flocculation test in cases in remission. (4) The flocculation test appeared to be more specific. In 6 selected cases of rheumatoid arthritis, the L. E. cell test was positive; on the contrary, the DNA-bentonite flocculation tests were negative.
How Stable Is <i>trans</i>-Cycloheptene? (2005)

There is a discrepancy between the observed and calculated stability of trans-cycloheptene (t-CHP). Generation of t-CHP has always led to its low-temperature (-40 degrees C) isomerization to cis-cycloheptene (c-CHP). However, force field and semiempirical calculations on the energy difference between the two isomers have suggested that t-CHP should be stable at room temperature. We performed a series of ab initio calculations, which predicted that the simple process of double bond rotation leading from t-CHP to c-CHP would have an activation barrier too high to permit isomerization below 100 degrees C (35 kcal/mol). The validity of our calculation method on this very strained system was supported by the agreement between the calculation and the dynamics of the ring flip of the unsymmetrical t-CHP ring and the observed NMR shifts and coupling constants for the system. This incompatibility between the experimental behavior of t-CHP and our calculations led to our reexamining the decay kinetics of t-CHP. We find that this decay is second order and represents an "interrupted" dimerization, where an initially formed 1,4-biradical rapidly changes its geometry and cleaves back to produce two c-CHP molecules. This mechanism was supported by calculations of the 1,4-biradical potential energy surface.
Dictionary of Mathematics Terms (1987)

Defines terms from algebra, analytic geometry, arithmetic, calculus, computers, geometry, logic, matrices and linear programming, probability and statistics, sets, trigonometry, and vectors.
Caching dynamic content on the Web (2004)

Caching dynamic content is an important issue due to the growing number of noncacheable dynamic Web documents. Previous research has focused on server-side dynamic caching techniques, which are beneficial in reducing server resource demands. Proxy-side caching of dynamic content, on the other hand, reduces bandwidth consumption and download latency by increasing the hit ratio. This paper proposes a scheme to efficiently cache dynamic content at the proxy side. The scheme identifies two kinds of dynamic pages, called eager-update pages and lazy-update pages, and uses different strategies to deal with each type. A simulation model to study the performance of our proposed scheme is outlined. We compare our scheme with the delta-encoding technique, which is popularly used to cache dynamic content on the Web. Our results show that our scheme can achieve a higher hit ratio and improve the network latency.