gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Cost Inflatable Heliostat for Solar Thermal Powerplants (2002)

A proof-of-concept subscale prototype of a lightweight, low-cost inflatable heliostat features a spherical inflatable structure with a reflective Mylar membrane mirror on its equatorial plane. The reflective surface is protected from rain, dust, sand, and wind by the transparent upper hemisphere, and can be shaped to achieve varying focal distances through differential air pressure between the upper and lower hemispheres. While the prototype transparent surface is made of heat-seamed optical vinyl panels, a potential production application would use single-sheet thermoformed Tefzel, which features high transparency, long field life, and a self-cleaning characteristic. The inflated sphere is stably supported by a combination of polar bearings and base rollers, and the entire sphere can be precisely pointed in elevation and azimuth angle using two stepper control motors. Preliminary estimates indicate that inflatable heliostats could potentially reduce heliostat cost from around $192/m2 for conventional glass mirror heliostats down to around $67/m2 for the inflatable heliostats. The photograph was taken by Gary Reysa, Chief Engineer, Product Development, for RSV Invention Enterprises.
A clustering-based approach to detect cyber attacks in process control systems (2015)

Modern Process Control Systems (PCS) exhibit an increasing trend towards the pervasive adoption of commodity, off-the-shelf Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This has brought significant economical and operational benefits, but it also shifted the architecture of PCS from a completely isolated environment to an open, “system of systems” integration with traditional ICT systems, susceptible to traditional computer attacks. In this paper we present a novel approach to detect cyber attacks targeting measurements sent to control hardware, i.e., typically to Programmable Logical Controllers (PLC). The approach builds on the Gaussian mixture model to cluster sensor measurement values and a cluster assessment technique known as silhouette. We experimentally demonstrate that in this particular problem the Gaussian mixture clustering outperforms the k-means clustering algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is tested in a scenario involving the simulated Tennessee-Eastman chemical process and three different cyber attacks.
Technology mapping of lookup table-based FPGAs for performance (1991)

A novel technology mapping algorithm that reduces the delay of combinational circuits implemented with lookup-table-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is presented. The algorithm reduces the contribution of logic block delays to the critical path delay by reducing the number of lookup tables on the critical path. The key feature of the algorithm is the use of bin packing to determine the gate-level decomposition of every node in the network. In addition, reconvergent paths and the replication of logic at fanout nodes are exploited to further reduce the depth of the lookup table circuit. For fanout-free trees the algorithm will construct the optimal depth K-input table circuit when K is less than or equal to 6.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>GATA4</i> Mutations in 357 Unrelated Patients with Congenital Heart Malformation (2010)

Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents one of the most common birth defects, but the genetic causes remain largely unknown. Mutations in GATA4, encoding a zinc finger transcription factor with a pivotal role in heart development, have been associated with CHD in several familial cases and a small subset of sporadic patients. To estimate the pathogenetic role of GATA4 in CHD, we screened for mutations in 357 unrelated patients with different congenital heart malformations. In addition to nine synonymous changes, we identified two known (A411V and D425N) and two novel putative mutations (G69D and P163R) in five patients with atrial or ventricular septal defects that were not seen in control subjects. The four mutations did not show altered GATA4 transcriptional activity in synergy with the transcription factors NKX2-5 and TBX20. Our data expand the spectrum of mutations associated with cardiac septal defects but do not support GATA4 mutations as a common cause of CHD.
A new statistical formula for Chinese text segmentation incorporating contextual information (1999)

Article A new statistical formula for Chinese text segmentation incorporating contextual information Share on Authors: Yubin Dai Division of Information Studies, School of Applied Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 Division of Information Studies, School of Applied Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798View Profile , Teck Ee Loh 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Data Storage Institute, Singapore 119260 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Data Storage Institute, Singapore 119260View Profile , Christopher S. G. Khoo Division of Information Studies, School of Applied Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 Division of Information Studies, School of Applied Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '99: Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalAugust 1999 Pages 82–89https://doi.org/10.1145/312624.312659Online:01 August 1999Publication History 17citation864DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads864Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Targeting the Microphthalmia Basic Helix-Loop-Helix–Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor to a Subset of E-Box Elements In Vitro and In Vivo (1998)

The development of melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, is absolutely dependent on the action of the microphthalmia basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (Mi); mice lacking a functional Mi protein are entirely devoid of pigment cells. Mi has been shown to activate transcription of the tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and QNR-71 genes through specific E-box elements, most notably the highly conserved M box. We investigated the mechanism which enables Mi to be recruited specifically to a restricted subset of E boxes in target promoters while being prevented from binding E-box elements in other promoters. We show both in vitro and in vivo that the presence of a T residue flanking a CATGTG E box is an essential determinant of the ability of Mi to bind DNA, and we successfully predict that the CATGTG E box from the P gene would not bind Mi. In contrast, no specific requirement for the sequences flanking a CACGTG E box was observed, and no binding to an atypical E box in the c-Kit promoter was detected. The relevance of these observations to the control of melanocyte-specific gene expression was highlighted by the fact that the E-box elements located in the tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and QNR-71 promoters without exception possess a 5' flanking T residue which is entirely conserved between species as diverse as man and turtle. The ability of Mi to discriminate between different E-box motifs provides a mechanism to restrict the repertoire of genes which are likely to be regulated by Mi and provides insight into the ability of bHLH-LZ transcription factors to achieve the specificity required for the precise coordination of transcription during development.
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-ol (2009)

In the title compound, C(9)H(7)ClN(2)O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring planes is 11.0 (2)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate R(2) (2)(8) loops.
<title>High-density holographic storage in thin films</title> (1994)

We have recently developed a new method of multiplexing volume holograms which we call peristrophic multiplexing. The method involves rotation the material, or equivalently, the recording beams. Peristrophic multiplexing can be combined with other multiplexing methods to increase the storage density of holographic storage systems such as holographic 3-D disks. Peristrophic multiplexing has been experimentally demonstrated using DuPont's HRF-150 photopolymer film. A total of 295 holograms were multiplexed at a single location in a 38 micrometers thick photopolymer disk by combining peristrophic multiplexing with conventional angle multiplexing. Application of this new multiplexing method toward a 3-D holographic disk is discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF ?-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ON ACCOMMODATION OF THE LENS (1976)

1. A study of the influence of single oral doses of the adrenergic β-receptor antagonists alprenolol (100 mg) and propranolol (50 mg) on the accommodation of the lens was made in six healthy male subjects. 2. There was no significant influence of either drug on lens accommodation.
Doubly pH-Responsive Pickering Emulsion (2008)

A pH-responsive Pickering emulsion has been designed on the basis of commercially available alumina-coated silica nanoparticles (Ludox CL silica particles) and potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). KHP was found to bind to cationic particle surfaces at pH values between 3.5 and 5.5, enabling the resulting surface-active particles to stabilize emulsions of xylenes in water. Above and below this pH range, the system demulsifies, resulting in a reversible Pickering emulsifier having two pH-controlled, reversible transitions.
A Power Line Inspector Device (2013)

The goal of this project is to create a functional power line inspection device which could replace the old inspection method of using helicopters. This microchip based robotic device is able to ride along a conductor and send video feed, encoder readouts, and temperature measurements to the user. The user operating system consists of an LCD screen, two potentiometers for motor control, and a screen to display video feed. Achieved specifications include a battery lifetime of 1 hour and 45 minutes, distance measurements within 1 inch, and temperature accuracy within 2 °C. This thesis includes a brief discussion on previous methods and robots, theory of operation, design summaries, and a compilation of the final results.
A Facile Route to Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids via Sulfoxide Mediated Cyclization (1993)

A facile route to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline framework has been developed by employing the sulfoxide mediated cyclization reaction. Utilizing the reaction developed some naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloids have been synthesized
The battle for broadband (2005)

Nobody likes it when Mommy and Daddy fight. Besides making everyone uncomfortable, it can be messy and costly, and, ultimately, everyone gets hurt. Which is exactly what may happen in the new battle over broadband. An intense, complex, and sprawling conflict is heating up between private telecommunications companies and municipalities throughout the U.S. over who can, or should, build out broadband for the Web-hungry populace.
Tunable three-dimensional photonic crystals using semiconductors with varying free-carrier densities (2002)

We show from theoretical calculations that three-dimensional photonic crystals constructed with close-packed air spheres in a semiconductor matrix can exhibit a complete photonic band gap (CPBG) in the near-infrared range. The CPBG is easily tunable by using the free-carrier density dependence of plasma frequencies of semiconductors. The frequency of the defect mode created by inserting a slab of semiconductor into inverted opals is also found to be tunable by changing the density of free carriers of the semiconductor.
Effect of simulated birth trauma on the urinary continence mechanism in the rat (1998)

In this novel rat model, simulated birth injury resulted in SUI in a portion of the animals. Pathologic changes in the urethra, pelvic ganglia, and levator muscles seem to be the contributing factors to SUI.
Development of Antitrypanosomal and Antiplasmodial Nonpeptidic Cysteine Protease Inhibitors based on N‐Protected‐Guanidino‐Furan and ‐Pyrrole Building Blocks (2011)

Tropic thunder! A new class of antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents containing an unsymmetrically substituted pyrrole- or furan-2,5-dicarboxylate as a core fragment has been discovered. The compounds show excellent activity against the causative agents of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) and nagana (Trypanosoma brucei brucei). Syntheses were developed for structurally diverse compound series and enzyme screenings were performed. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Criterion for Registration in Dielectric Track Detectors (1967)

Dielectric track detectors have a sharp threshold for track registration that depends on the atomic number and the energy of the bombarding particles. New data on track registration in muscovite mica, Lexan polycarbonate, and cellulose nitrate contradict the previously proposed empirical criterion that tracks are formed if the total rate of energy loss exceeds a critical value that is characteristic of the solid. In contrast, the ion explosion spike mechanism for track formation predicts that a solid will record tracks if the rate of primary ionization exceeds a critical rate for that solid. All the known experimental measurements are consistent with this criterion.
Rapid detection by transmission electron microscopy of mycoplasma contamination in sera and cell cultures (1988)

Transmission electron microscopy has been employed for the rapid detection of mycoplasma in sera and cell cultures. High speed centrifugation of sera or low speed centrifugation of cell debris, followed by negative staining of the resuspended pellet, detected mycoplasma contamination more frequently than a culture method followed by direct fluorescence (DAPI), which was used as a control procedure. The appearance of the mycoplasma cell border and content gives some information about particle viability.
AUTOMATED PROCESS PLANNING FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT CARD ASSEMBLY (1992)

Printed circuit card assemblies form the core of a vast array of contemporary manufactured products. The technologies for assembling printed circuit cards require a hierarchy of complex decisions for grouping card types and processes, staging components at assembly machines, arranging feeders, and sequencing placement operations. This paper is motivated by the largely unmet needs of industrial process planners for computer aids. Our objective is to develop a framework for the printed circuit card assembly process planning problem and to assess the current state of the research on appropriate models and solution methods. We first provide an overview of the essential elements of printed circuit card terminology, assembly technologies, and assembly system operations. Then we propose a decision hierarchy, survey the published literature, and identify needs for future research.
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in skeletal muscle membranes by cAMP- and Ca2+-dependent processes. (1986)

The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel was studied in transverse-tubule membranes isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. Exposure of these membranes to either the cAMP-dependent protein kinase or a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase resulted in a rapid phosphorylation of a protein with properties similar to the major component of the skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel. The molecular mass of the phosphoprotein was 140 or 160 kDa, depending on the electrophoretic conditions. The stoichiometry of the phosphorylation was calculated to be 0.4-1.0 mol of phosphate per mol of protein. Neither the rate nor the extent of phosphorylation was affected by dihydropyridines. Limited proteolytic digestion of the protein that had been phosphorylated by either or both protein kinases yielded a single phosphopeptide of approximately equal to 5.4 kDa. The Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin dephosphorylated the membrane-bound Ca2+ channel that had been previously phosphorylated by either protein kinase. The results suggest that the major component of the dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel from skeletal muscle can be effectively phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in its native state by cAMP- and Ca2+-dependent processes.
Unpacking the Use of Social Media for Protest Behavior (2013)

Recent studies have shown a positive link between frequency of social media use and political participation. However, there has been no clear elaboration of how using social media translates into increased political activity. The current study examines three explanations for this relationship in the context of citizens’ protest behavior: information (social media as a source for news), opinion expression (using social media to express political opinions), and activism (joining causes and finding mobilizing information through social media). To test these relationships, the study uses survey data collected in Chile in 2011, amid massive demonstrations demanding wholesale changes in education and energy policy. Findings suggest that using social media for opinion expression and activism mediates the relationship between overall social media use and protest behavior. These findings deepen our knowledge of the uses and effects of social media and provide new evidence on the role of digital platforms as facilitators of direct political action.
Modeling Potential Responses to Smallpox as a Bioterrorist Weapon (2001)

We constructed a mathematical model to describe the spread of smallpox after a deliberate release of the virus. Assuming 100 persons initially infected and 3 persons infected per infectious person, quarantine alone could stop disease transmission but would require a minimum daily removal rate of 50% of those with overt symptoms. Vaccination would stop the outbreak within 365 days after release only if disease transmission were reduced to <0.85 persons infected per infectious person. A combined vaccination and quarantine campaign could stop an outbreak if a daily quarantine rate of 25% were achieved and vaccination reduced smallpox transmission by > or = 33%. In such a scenario, approximately 4,200 cases would occur and 365 days would be needed to stop the outbreak. Historical data indicate that a median of 2,155 smallpox vaccine doses per case were given to stop outbreaks, implying that a stockpile of 40 million doses should be adequate.
Shear bond strength of a new resin bonding system to different ceramic restorations. (2007)

This study evaluated the shear bond strength of a newly developed resin bonding system, including single-liquid ceramic primer and dual-cured resin luting agent, to 5 ceramic materials (feldspathic porcelain, machinable ceramic, In-Ceram Alumina, Procera AllCeram alumina, and Cercon). Ceramic specimens were cleaned with phosphoric acid, treated with primer, and bonded with a resin luting agent. Shear bond strength was determined after 24 hours of immersion in water and/or 10,000 thermocycles. There were no significant differences in bond strength before and after thermocycling for the 5 ceramic materials (P > .05). The findings indicate that the resin bonding system may offer an acceptable performance in terms of clinical success for the 5 ceramic restorations.
Calculation and Digital Display of Whole Blood Oxygen Saturation by Analog Techniques (1969)

An electronic analog system has been developed which performs the double scale calculation from the Wood oximeter and gives a single output as a log ratio and also gives a digital display of oxygen saturation, with simultaneous recording of these parameters if desired. This system, built of commercially available analog components, consists of operational amplifiers to amplify the output of the red and infrared photocells, logarithmic devices to calculate the optical density as sensed by these two photocells, a division circuit to calculate the log ratio, a scaling circuit to facilitate digital display in percent oxygen saturation, and a digital voltmeter.
A New Highly Reactive and Low Lipophilicity Fluorine-18 Labeled Tetrazine Derivative for Pretargeted PET Imaging (2015)

A new (18)F-labeled tetrazine derivative was developed aiming at optimal radiochemistry, fast reaction kinetics in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition (IEDDA), and favorable pharmacokinetics for in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry. The radiolabeling of the tetrazine was achieved in high yield, purity, and specific activity under mild reaction conditions via conjugation with 5-[(18)F]fluoro-5-deoxyribose, providing a glycosylated tetrazine derivative with low lipophilicity. The (18)F-tetrazine showed fast reaction kinetics toward the most commonly used dienophiles in IEDDA reactions. It exhibited excellent chemical and enzymatic stability in mouse plasma and in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.41). Biodistribution in mice revealed favorable pharmacokinetics with major elimination via urinary excretion. The results indicate that the glycosylated (18)F-labeled tetrazine is an excellent candidate for in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry applications in pretargeted PET imaging approaches.
Age-Related Difference in Long-Term Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women (2000)

Background and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the age-related differences in clinical features, coronary anatomy, risk factors, hospital courses, and long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI in women. Materials and Methods:Total 513 female patients with AMI were divided into 3 groups; group 1 (n=43, 50 years old or less, group 2 (n=302, between 51 years and 70 years old, and group 3 (n= 168, older than 70 years. Clinical follow-up including cardiac events was performed for mean duration of 26 months (1-155 months. Cardiac events include cardiac death, reinfarction, CABG, PTCA, CHF, stroke, and recurrent angina. Results:Minimal lesion (<50% stenosis in infarct-related artery was more prevalent in group 1 than in group 3 (p<0.05. In group 2, the number of low high density lipoprotein (HDL was signific- antly more than in group 3 (p<0.01. During hospitalization, death and shock were more prevalently observed in group 3 than group 1 (p<0.005 and group 2 (p<0.001. Group 3 had more heart failures than group 1 (p<0. 001 and group 2 (p<0.001 and group 2 had more heart failures than group 1 (p<0.05. The younger age group showed a significantly higher survial rate (7 years:group 1;76.1%, group 2;60.6%, group 3;34.2%, p<0. 0001, Log Rank Stat=49.4 and cardiac event-free survival rate (7 years:group 1; 48.4%, group 2; 32. 3%, group 3;16.0%, p<0.0001, Log Rank Stat=37.5 for each 3 comparisons. In Cox proportional harzard analysis, LV systolic function influenced the group 2 survival (odds ratio 3.8, 95% CI 1.7 to 8.3, p<0.005 and the group 3 survival (odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5, p<0.05. The cardiac event free survival was influenced by age (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1, p<0.005 and LV systolic function (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5, p<0.001. Conclusion:Younger female patients with AMI had a more favorable prognosis compared with older female patients. LV systolic fuction was important as a prognostic factor for long-term survival except younger female AMI patients. ( ( ( (Korean Circulation J 2000;30( ( ( (10 :1245-1256
Piezoelectric and electrostatic bimetal-based thermal energy harvesters (2013)

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