gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in humans. Identification of two complementation groups of cofactor-deficient patients and preliminary characterization of a diffusible molybdopterin precursor. (1989)

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a devastating disease with affected patients displaying the symptoms of a combined deficiency of sulfite oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase. Because of the extreme lability of the isolated, functional molybdenum cofactor, direct cofactor replacement therapy is not feasible, and a search for stable biosynthetic intermediates was undertaken. From studies of cocultured fibroblasts from affected individuals, two complementation groups were identified. Coculture of group A and group B cells, without heterokaryon formation, led to the appearance of active sulfite oxidase. Use of conditioned media indicated that a relatively stable, diffusible precursor produced by group B cells could be used to repair sulfite oxidase in group A recipient cells. Although the extremely low levels of precursor produced by group B cells preclude its direct characterization, studies with a heterologous, in vitro reconstitution system suggest that the precursor that accumulates in group B cells is the same as a molybdopterin precursor identified in the Neurospora crassa molybdopterin mutant nit-1, and that a converting enzyme is present in group A cells which catalyzes an activation reaction analogous to that of a converting enzyme identified in the Escherichia coli molybdopterin mutant ChlA1.
Thermal wave reflection and refraction: Theoretical and experimental evidence (1999)

This article describes and proves the basic phenomena which take place when thermal waves approach an interface between two media: the reflection and the refraction. In synthesis the Snell law for plane thermal waves is proved, both theoretically and experimentally, by means of the mirage technique.
Induction of polarized cell-cell association and retardation of growth by activation of the E-cadherin-catenin adhesion system in a dispersed carcinoma line. (1994)

PC9 lung carcinoma cells cannot tightly associate with one another, and therefore grow singly, despite their expression of E-cadherin, because of their lack of alpha-catenin, a cadherin-associated protein. However, when the E-cadherin is activated by transfection with alpha-catenin cDNA, they form spherical aggregates, each consisting of an enclosed monolayer cell sheet. In the present work, we examined whether the alpha-catenin-transfected cell layers expressed epithelial phenotypes, by determining the distribution of various cell adhesion molecules on their surfaces, including E-cadherin, ZO-1, desmoplakin, integrins, and laminin. In untransfected PC9 cells, all these molecules were randomly distributed on their cell surface. In the transfected cells, however, each of them was redistributed into a characteristic polarized pattern without a change in the amount of expression. Electron microscopic study demonstrated that the alpha-catenin-transfected cell layers acquired apical-basal polarity typical of simple epithelia; they formed microvilli only on the outer surface of the aggregates, and a junctional complex composed of tight junction adherens junction, and desmosome arranged in this order. These results indicate that the activation of E-cadherin triggered the formation of the junctional complex and the polarized distribution of cell surface proteins and structures. We also found that, in untransfected PC9 cells, ZO-1 formed condensed clusters and colocalized with E-cadherin, but that other adhesion molecules rarely showed such colocalization with E-cadherin, suggesting that there is some specific interaction between ZO-1 and E-cadherin even in the absence of cell-cell contacts. In addition, we found that the activation of E-cadherin caused a retardation of PC9 cell growth. Thus, we concluded that the E-cadherin-catenin adhesion system is essential not only for structural organization of epithelial cells but also for the control of their growth.
The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit : the case of Argentina (1991)

Argentina has had a quarter century without growth at a time of rapid economic growth in the rest of the world. This paper looks at the role that public sector behavior, particularly government spending, taxation and deficit financing, may have had on the economic stagnation in Argentina. Government spending declined when the final crisis of the Argentine economy began in 1982, but more because of resource constraints than deliberate political action. The government ran a primary deficit every year from 1961 to 1989, so it issued money and interest-bearing debt. As a result, the economy experienced high real interest rates and inflation. Despite heavy fiscal pressure, fiscal spending has continued to grow, systematically exceeding revenues. From 1964 to 1975, the deficit was financed by creating money; with the fall of Peron and the beginning of a military regime, debt financing became significant. The regression study in this report shows that every 1 percent of primary deficit is financed with 0.7 percent of revenue from creating money. Public debt plays a peculiar role in Argentina's finances. The central bank has become the chief borrower of about 80 percent of the private banks'lending power. In this context, a policy of tight money to reduce aggregate demand basically increases the transfers from the public to the private sector because of the higher deficit that the rise in interest rates generates.
Trans-intestinal cholesterol efflux is not mediated through high density lipoprotein (2012)

Transintestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE) provides an attractive target to increase body cholesterol excretion. At present, the cholesterol donor responsible for direct delivery of plasma cholesterol to the intestine is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of HDL in TICE. ATP-binding cassette protein A1 deficient (Abca1(-/-)) mice that lack HDL and wild-type (WT) mice were intravenously injected with chylomicron-like emulsion particles that contained radiolabeled cholesterol that is liberated in the liver and partly reenters the circulation. Both groups secreted radiolabeled cholesterol from plasma into intestinal lumen and TICE was unaltered between the two mouse models. To further investigate the role of HDL, we injected HDL with radiolabeled cholesterol in WT mice and Abca1(-/-)×Sr-b1(-/-) mice that lack HDL and are also unable to clear HDL via the liver. The intestines of both mice were unable to take up and secrete radiolabeled cholesterol from HDL via TICE. Although a generally accepted major player in the hepatobiliary route-based cholesterol excretion, HDL plays no significant role in TICE in mice.
Power management controller for automotive MCU applications in 90nm CMOS technology (2011)

This paper describes the design and test of a Power Management Controller (PMC) for microcontroller unit (MCU) automotive applications in 90nm CMOS technology. The requirements for the PMC include a small, robust architecture with low I/O pin count and flexible extended features, no power sequence dependence and real-time monitoring of critical analog signals. The PMC contains circuitry to generate an internal 3.3V regulated supply voltage and to control the regulation of 1.2V supply with external NPN ballast transistor. It also comprises Low Voltage Detector (LVD) and Power-on Reset (POR) circuits for the 1.2V, 3.3V, 3.3V/5V supply of the closest I/O segment, and the unregulated 5V supply. A three way switch circuit is used to bias the N-well of both voltage regulators. This is required to guarantee correct bias and functioning over all start-up conditions and effective power down for both regulators. The circuit has been fabricated in 90nm CMOS technology and silicon results are provided.
Discovery of [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel LSD1 Inhibitors (2017)

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays a pivotal role in regulating the lysine methylation. The aberrant overexpression of LSD1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of certain human malignant tumors. Abrogation of LSD1 with RNAi or small molecule inhibitors may lead to the inhibition of cancer proliferation and migration. Herein, a series of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their LSD1 inhibitory effects. The structure-activity relationship studies (SARs) were conducted by exploring three regions of this scaffold, leading to the discovery of compound <b>27</b> as potent LSD1 inhibitor (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.564 μM). Compound <b>27</b> was identified as a reversible LSD1 inhibitor and showed certain selectivity to LSD1 over monoamine oxidase A/B (MAO-A/B). When MGC-803 cells were treated with compound <b>27</b>, the activity of LSD1 can be significantly inhibited, and the cell migration ability was also suppressed. Docking studies indicated that the hydrogen interaction between the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring and Met332 could be responsible for the improved activity of 2-thiopyridine series. The [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine scaffold can be used as the template for designing new LSD1 inhibitors.
The effects of menthol on reaction time and nasal sensation of airflow in subjects suffering from the common cold (1990)

The effects of sucking a lozenge containing 11 mg L-menthol on reaction time and nasal sensation were investigated in a double blind trial on 60 subjects suffering from the common cold. Reaction time was determined by measuring the response time to a stimulus presented on a microcomputer screen and nasal sensation was scored on a visual analogue scale. Menthol ingestion compared to placebo caused a significant increase in nasal sensation of airflow which persisted for up to 30 min. The simple and choice reaction times measured before ingestion of the lozenge were similar to those found in healthy uninfected subjects and there was no change in reaction time after ingestion of menthol.
Fast Particle‐based Visual Simulation of Ice Melting (2010)

Abstract The visual simulation of natural phenomena has been widely studied. Although several methods have been proposed to simulate melting, the flows of meltwater drops on the surfaces of objects are not taken into account. In this paper, we propose a particle‐based method for the simulation of the melting and freezing of ice objects and the interactions between ice and fluids. To simulate the flow of meltwater on ice and the formation of water droplets, a simple interfacial tension is proposed, which can be easily incorporated into common particle‐based simulation methods such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. The computations of heat transfer, the phase transition between ice and water, the interactions between ice and fluids, and the separation of ice due to melting are further accelerated by implementing our method using CUDA. We demonstrate our simulation and rendering method for depicting melting ice at interactive frame‐rates.
A second-order double-sampled delta-sigma modulator using additive-error switching (1996)

A second-order double-sampled delta-sigma modulator is described. It uses an additive-error switching scheme to convert capacitor mismatch into an additive out-of-band tone that can be removed by a digital filter. With a sampling rate of 5 MHz and an oversampling ratio of 256, the maximum measured signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) is 86.3 dB, and the total harmonic distortion is -88.7 dB when the input is 2 dB below full scale. The modulator is fully differential, occupies 5 mm/sup 2/, and dissipates 13 mW.
Suppression of lymphocyte and neutrophil functions by Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide (alginate): reversal by physicochemical, alginase, and specific monoclonal antibody treatments (1993)

The mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP or alginate) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is thought to be a virulence factor for this organism by virtue of its ability to suppress local host defense mechanisms. We purified MEP from clinical isolates of mucoid P. aeruginosa, subjected it to degradation by ultrasonication, heat, alkali, and alginase, and reacted it with monoclonal antibodies specific for MEP epitopes. Partial reversal or complete abrogation of the inhibitory effects of alginate on human neutrophil random migration, chemotaxis, and hexose monophosphate shunt activity and lymphocyte transformation were observed following most of these treatments. Physicochemical analysis of degraded MEP revealed a positive correlation between changes in molecular size and viscosity and loss of biological properties. The biological properties of MEP were also shown to be dependent on the structural integrity of the O-acetyl groups substituted for the mannuronic acid residues. The results show that the capacity of MEP to suppress neutrophil and lymphocyte functions is dependent on its acetyl content and the physical properties of large size and viscosity and may provide part of the explanation for the propensity of mucoid P. aeruginosa to persist in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. These findings highlight the important role of MEP as one of the virulence factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory damage and subsequent pulmonary destruction in cystic fibrosis.
Proximity of <scp>SCG</scp>10 and prion protein in membrane rafts (2015)

The conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its pathogenic isoform (PrPSc) is an essential event in prion pathogenesis. In culture models, membrane rafts are suggested to play a critical role in PrPSc formation. To identify the candidate molecules capable of interacting with PrPC and facilitating PrPSc formation in membrane rafts, we applied a novel biochemical labeling method termed enzyme-mediated activation of radical sources. Enzyme-mediated activation of radical sources was applied to the Lubrol WX insoluble detergent-resistant membrane fractions from mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells in which the surface PrPC was labeled with HRP-conjugated anti-PrP antibody. Two-dimensional western blots of these preparations revealed biotinylated spots of approximately 20 kDa with an isoelectric point of 8.0-9.0. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the identification of peptides containing SCG10, the neuron-specific microtubule regulator. Proximity of SCG10 and PrPC was confirmed using proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay. Transfection of persistently 22L prion-infected N2a cells with SCG10 small interfering RNA reduced SCG10 expression, but did not prevent PrPSc accumulation, indicating that SCG10 appears to be unrelated to PrPSc formation of 22L prion. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses showed reduced levels of SCG10 in the hippocampus of prion-infected mice, suggesting a possible association between SCG10 levels and the prion neuropathogenesis. By applying a novel biochemical labeling method against detergent-resistant membrane fractions from mouse neuroblastoma cells, the neuron-specific microtubule-destabilization protein, SCG10 was identified as a novel candidate that is proximate to normal prion protein (PrP) in membrane rafts. SCG10 seemed unrelated to disease-related PrP formation under certain conditions, while there is a possible association between SCG10 levels and prion neuropathogenesis. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13310.
Rectifying Diodes from Asymmetrically Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Asymmetrically functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been prepared by a covalent reaction of an 11-mercaptoundecanol-modified Au surface with oxidized SWNT cylinders. While one end of the tubes is attached to gold substrate via ester groups, the free carboxylic substituents on the other end can be either ionized (CO2-) or esterified (CO2Et), creating a donor-acceptor asymmetric and acceptor-acceptor symmetric SWNT, respectively. Study of the SWNT monolayer conductance in Hg drop junction experiments reveals a pronounced diode-like behavior for donor-SWNT-acceptor junctions, while acceptor-SWNT-acceptor junctions are electrically symmetric.
The motif V of plum pox potyvirus CI RNA helicase is involved in NTP hydrolysis and is essential for virus RNA replication (1997)

The plum pox potyvirus (PPV) protein CI is an RNA helicase whose function in the viral life cycle is still unknown. The CI protein contains seven conserved sequence motifs typical of RNA helicases of the superfamily SF2. We have introduced several individual point mutations into the region coding for motif V of the PPV CI protein and expressed these proteins in Escherichia coli as maltose binding protein fusions. Mutations that abolished RNA helicase activity also disturbed NTP hydrolysis. No mutations affected the RNA binding capacity of the CI protein. These mutations were also introduced in the PPV genome making use of a full-length cDNA clone. Mutant viruses carrying CI proteins with reduced RNA helicase activity replicated very poorly in protoplasts and were unable to infect whole plants without rapid pseudoreversion to wild-type. These results indicate that motif V is involved in the NTP hydrolysis step required for potyvirus RNA helicase activity, and that this activity plays an essential role in virus RNA replication inside the infected cell.
Impact of altered glycaemia on blood-brain barrier endothelium: an in vitro study using the hCMEC/D3 cell line (2014)

In summary, our findings demonstrate a potential impairment of BBB integrity and function by hypo or hyperglycemia, through altered expression/distribution of TJ proteins and nutrient transporters. In addition, hypoglycemic exposure severely affects the expression of oxidative and inflammatory stress markers of BBB endothelium.
Altered Ca2+ handling in ventricular myocytes isolated from diabetic rats (1996)

It has been suggested that alterations in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis may be responsible for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We have studied the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in enzymically isolated rat ventricular myocytes. [Ca2+]i was measured using indo 1 or fluo 3. Both diastolic and peak systolic [Ca2+]i were reduced in diabetic compared with normal myocytes (by 52 and 43%, respectively). The decay phase of the systolic [Ca2+]i transient was slower in the diabetic myocyte compared with normal (time constant = 89.6 +/- 3.4 ms, n = 23, normal vs. 105.2 +/- 4.05 ms, n = 20, diabetic; P < 0.01). This led to a significant prolongation of the [Ca2+]i transient duration in the diabetic myocyte. In both normal and diabetic myocytes, increasing the frequency of electrical stimulation decreased peak systolic [Ca2+]i. The relationship between stimulation frequency and normalized peak systolic [Ca2+]i was the same for both normal and diabetic myocytes. We also found that the caffeine-induced Ca2+ release [used as an index of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content] was significantly reduced in diabetic myocytes. These data indicate that SR Ca2+ content is decreased by diabetes. In the presence of thapsigargin (2.5 microM, an inhibitor of SR Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase), the magnitude and time course of stimulus-evoked [Ca2+]i transients were identical in both groups of myocytes, suggesting that Ca2+ influx and/or efflux across the plasma membrane is not significantly affected in diabetes. We conclude that 1) diabetes is associated with significant alterations in [Ca2+]i homeostasis and 2) the decrease in systolic [Ca2+]i and lengthening of the systolic [Ca2+]i transient result primarily from dysfunction of the SR.
Suppression of neutrophil accumulation in mice by cutaneous application of geranium essential oil. (2005)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that essential oils suppressed the adherence response of human neutrophils in vitro and that intraperitoneal application of geranium oil suppressed the neutrophil accumulation into peritoneal cavity in vivo. Usually, essential oils are applied through skin in aromatherapy in inflammatory symptoms. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of cutaneous application of essential oils on the accumulation of neutrophils in inflammatory sites in skin of mice. METHODS: Inflammation with accumulation of inflammatory cells was induced by injection of curdlan, a (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in skin or peritoneal cavity of mice. Essential oils were applied cutaneously to the mice immediately and 3 hr after intradermal injection of curdlan. The skin with inflammatory lesion was cut off 6 hr after injection of curdlan, and the homogenates were used for myeloperoxidase (MPO: a marker enzyme of neutrophil granule) assay. RESULTS: The MPO activity of the skin lesion induced by curdlan was suppressed dose-dependently by cutaneous application of geranium oil. Other oils such as lavender, eucalyptus and tea tree oils also suppressed the activity, but their activities seemed weaker than geranium. Juniper oil didn't suppress the activity CONCLUSION: Cutaneous application of essential oils, especially geranium oil, can suppress the inflammatory symptoms with neutrophil accumulation and edema.
[NMDA-type glutamate receptor and schizophrenia]. (2013)

Reduced glutamate neurotransmission via the NMDA receptor has been hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia chiefly based upon the following observations: (1) non-competitive and competitive antagonists for the NMDA receptor including phencyclidine mimic not only positive symptoms but also negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, (2) the rank order potency of schizophrenomimetic effects of NMDA receptor antagonists is strictly correlated with that of their NMDA receptor-current blocking efficacies, (3) non-psychotomimetic doses of NMDA receptor antagonists for healthy controls produce psychotic symptoms in the remitted patients with schizophrenia, and (4) a schizophrenia-like psychotic state has often been reported in patients with encephalitis with anti-NMDA receptor antibody in the central nervous system. The possible NMDA receptor hypofunction could be caused by understimulation of its glycine site and/or by loss of NMDA receptor-possessing cells due to excess synaptic glutamate contents, or could lead to overactivation of the non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Therefore, agents for direct or indirect facilitation of the glycine site function or for attenuation of glutamate release have been studied to develop a novel pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia that could ameliorate both its antipsychotic-responsive and -resistant symptoms.
Quantitative analysis of organic halogen compounds by thin layer chromatography (1967)

薄層クロマトグラフィー(以下TLCと略記)を分離定量法に適用しようとする試みは近年盛んになり,種種の方法が考案されている.最近,著者らの研究室でTLCで分離したスポットをかきとり,燃焼させ,ガスクロマト法で窒素を定量することにより,窒素化合物の分離定量に成功している.著者らはこの研究の一環として有機ハロゲン化合物を同じくTLCで分離したのち,酸素フラスコ燃焼法でハコゲンを定量することにより,ハロゲン化合物の分離定量を試みた.
Selective Adsorption of NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>from Hot Combustion Gases by Ce-Doped CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub> (1997)

CuO/TiO2 has been shown to be a superior sorbent for selective, reversible adsorption of NO from hot combustion gases. High NOx adsorption capacities at 200 and 300 °C were obtained with a 5% CuO/TiO2 sorbent, and the NOx desorbed rapidly at 450 °C. Doping with 2% Ce on the CuO/TiO2 sorbent further increased both uptake rates (50% increase in initial rate) and NOx capacity (by 30%). In a direct comparison with the most promising known sorbent, MnO/ZrO2 (1:1 molar ratio), reported by Eguchi et al. (J. Catal. 1996, 158, 420), the Ce-CuO/TiO2 sorbent showed both higher uptake rates (by 100% in initial rate) and higher NOx capacity (by 15%). The effects of CO2, H2O, and SO2 on NOx sorption on the Ce-CuO/TiO2 sorbent were studied at 200 °C. CO2 slightly decreased the initial uptake rate but increased the NOx capacity. H2O coadsorbed with NOx on different sites, both reversibly (i.e. desorbed at 450 °C). SO2 irreversibly adsorbed (likely to sulfate the surface of TiO2) and decreased the NOx capacity by approximately 20%. The BET surface area of the TiO2 support was 50 m2/g. Further studies with TiO2 of higher surface areas are in progress.