gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic Layer Deposition of Al-doped ZnO Films: Effect of Grain Orientation on Conductivity (2010)

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on borosilicate glass and sapphire(0001) substrates. The Al composition of the films was varied from 1% to 4% by controlling the ratio of Zn:Al pulses. Film resistivity was measured as a function of Al content and the substrate temperature used for ALD deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on the films, showing a reduction in lattice parameter, as a function of Al concentration, indicating that Al3+ ions occupy substitutional sites in the ZnO lattice. The resistivity of films deposited on sapphire substrates (7.7 × 10−4 Ω cm) was lower than that on glass (3.0 × 10−3 Ω cm), because of the formation of textured grains with the c-axis aligned with respect to the sapphire surface, as confirmed by XRD. The surface morphology of the films on glass and sapphire was compared using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed similar grain sizes on each substrate, suggesting that the difference in conductivity was due to grain orientation rather than microstructural differences. Optical transparency was measured to be >80% for wavelengths of 370−1600 nm.
Power Efficient Level Shifter for 16 nm FinFET Near Threshold Circuits (2015)

Since the minimum feature size has shrunk beyond the sub-30-nm node, power density has become the major factor in modern microprocessors. Techniques such as dynamic voltage scaling operating down to near threshold voltage levels and supporting multiple voltage domains have become necessary to reduce dynamic as well as static power. A key component of these techniques is a level shifter that serves different voltage domains. This level shifter must be high speed and power efficient. The proposed level shifter translates voltages ranging from 250 to 790 mV, and exhibits 42% shorter delay, 45% lower energy consumption, and 48% lower static power dissipation. In addition, the proposed level shifter exhibits symmetric rise and fall transition times with up to 12% skew at the extreme conditions over the maximum range of voltages.
<title>Molecular optical air data system (MOADS)</title> (2001)

The Molecular Optical Air Data System (MOADS) is a compact optical instrument that can directly measure wind speed and direction, density, and temperature of the air surrounding an aircraft. From these measurements, a complete set of air data products can be determined. Single-axis wind tunnel testing of wind speed and density has just been completed for the current prototype. These wind tunnel measurements have shown that the current prototype meets wind speed accuracy predictions and initial results from density testing indicate a high level of correlation with absolute pressure transducer measurements. A preliminary design for the next generation instrument, the Joint Optical Air Data System (JOADS), has been completed and is intended to meet Joint Striker Fighter (JSF) requirements. Work is also underway to evaluate the application of MOADS to Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs), Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs), helicopters and weapon systems. Extensions of MOADS technology to wind shear, gust alleviation, and clear air turbulence detection for commercial aircraft are also being pursued. The basic instrument operation, preliminary ground testing (wind tunnel) results, comparison of these results to simulations, next generation instrument capabilities, and plans for a flight demonstration are discussed.
Toward Reducing Observer Metamerism Issue in Industrial Applications: Colorimetric Observer Categories and Observer Classification (2010)

International audience
Parametric image reconstruction using spectral analysis of PET projection data (1998)

Spectral analysis is a general modelling approach that enables calculation of parametric images from reconstructed tracer kinetic data independent of an assumed compartmental structure. We investigated the validity of applying spectral analysis directly to projection data motivated by the advantages that: (i) the number of reconstructions is reduced by an order of magnitude and (ii) iterative reconstruction becomes practical which may improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A dynamic software phantom with typical 2-[11C]thymidine kinetics was used to compare projection-based and image-based methods and to assess bias-variance trade-offs using iterative expectation maximization (EM) reconstruction. We found that the two approaches are not exactly equivalent due to properties of the non-negative least-squares algorithm. However, the differences are small (< 5%) and mainly affect parameters related to early and late time points on the impulse response function (K1 and, to a lesser extent, VD). The optimal number of EM iteration was 15-30 with up to a two-fold improvement in SNR over filtered back projection. We conclude that projection-based spectral analysis with EM reconstruction yields accurate parametric images with high SNR and has potential application to a wide range of positron emission tomography ligands.
Early and late results of intracoronary arterial stenting after coronary angioplasty in dogs. (1987)

Intimal dissection with acute closure represents the major complication associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Intracoronary stent devices offer the possibility of treatment for this sequela. We developed a balloon catheter-mounted, flexible coil stent for use in such cases. To determine the utility of this device and its immediate and long-term influence on arterial patency, 39 mongrel dogs had the stent placed after PTCA of the left circumflex or left anterior descending coronary arteries. Thirteen animals were treated before and after the procedure with warfarin. In this group there were three early deaths associated with stent thrombosis. Twenty-six animals were subsequently treated before and after with aspirin and dipyridamole. There were no early thrombotic events associated with stent placement in these animals. Late arteriographic examination revealed patent vessels in all dogs. Diameter stenosis for warfarin-treated dogs was 8 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD) at 2 months (n = 9), 6 +/- 4% at 6 months (n = 5), and 11 +/- 7% at 12 months (n = 3). Diameter stenosis for aspirin/dipyridamole-treated dogs was 9 +/- 3% at 2 months (n = 8), 8 +/- 5% at 6 months (n = 12), and 5% at 12 months (n = 1). Light and scanning electron microscopic analyses of stented arteries demonstrated incorporation of the stent wires into the arterial wall. Early findings included mild thrombosis localized to areas of wire entrenchment followed by rapid regrowth of endothelial and/or pseudoendothelial cells over trenches, exposed wires, and elastica.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supercurrents Through Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (1999)

Proximity-induced superconductivity in single-walled carbon nanotubes below 1 kelvin, both in a single tube 1 nanometer in diameter and in crystalline ropes containing about 100 nanotubes, was observed. The samples were suspended between two superconducting electrodes, permitting structural study in a transmission electron microscope. When the resistance of the nanotube junction is sufficiently low, it becomes superconducting and can carry high supercurrents. The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the critical current of such junctions exhibits unusual features related to their strong one-dimensional character.
Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment (2011)

Biological Diversity provides an up-to-date, authoritative review of the methods of measuring and assessing biological diversity, together with their application. The book's emphasis is on quantifying the variety, abundance, and occurrence of taxa, and on providing objective and clear guidance for both scientists and managers. This is a fast-moving field and one that is the focus of intense research interest. However the rapid development of new methods, the inconsistent and sometimes confusing application of old ones, and the lack of consensus in the literature about the best approach, means that there is a real need for a current synthesis. Biological Diversity covers fundamental measurement issues such as sampling, re-examines familiar diversity metrics (including species richness, diversity statistics, and estimates of spatial and temporal turnover), discusses species abundance distributions and how best to fit them, explores species occurrence and the spatial structure of biodiversity, and investigates alternative approaches used to assess trait, phylogenetic, and genetic diversity. The final section of the book turns to a selection of contemporary challenges such as measuring microbial diversity, evaluating the impact of disturbance, assessing biodiversity in managed landscapes, measuring diversity in the imperfect fossil record, and using species density estimates in management and conservation.
Effects of antiplatelet serum and thrombopoietin on the percentage of small acetylcholinesterase-positive cells in bone marrow of mice. (1981)

Megakaryocytopoiesis was evaluated in the marrow of mice after they had been injected with rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS) or a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin). For controls, other mice were injected with normal rabbit serum or saline. All materials were given as single intraperitoneal injections; at frequent intervals of up to seven days the mice were killed. RAMPS caused severe thrombocytopenia in mice with significant rebound-thrombocytosis following five to seven days later. TSF did not significantly increase platelet counts of mice. Both RAMPS and TSF increased the proportion of the small acetylcholinesterase positive (SAChE+) cells in the marrow of mice which was elevated 3-fold above control values at 8-10 h after treatment. The percentage of SAChE+ cells returned to control levels by 48 h and to below control values by 64-168 h. These data indicate that both exogenous TSF and endogenously produced TSF released in response to acute thrombocytopenia caused a transitory increase in the percentage of SAChE+ cells in mice.
Thermally stable thermoelectric Zn4Sb3 by zone-melting synthesis (2008)

The thermal stability of thermoelectric Zn4Sb3 has been investigated on samples produced by a new zone-melting technique, as well as by the conventional quench method. The multitemperature synchrotron powder diffraction data reveal that while conventionally synthesized, Zn4Sb3 samples have almost 40% degradation in the first heating cycle at 625K, samples prepared by zone melting only have 3% degradation. Repeated thermal cycling induces additional degradation of the quenched sample of up to 58%, compared to ∼9% degradation in the zone-melted sample. Thus, zone-melting produces Zn4Sb3 samples that are significantly more thermally stable, which make them promising for commercial implementation.
Cobalt(II)-Nitronyl Nitroxide Chains as Molecular Magnetic Nanowires (2001)

Slow magnetic relaxation and hysteresis effects of dynamic origin have been observed above liquid helium temperature in a chain compound (see picture), comprising CoII centers and organic radicals, without any evidence of phase transition to three-dimensional magnetic order. These results are the first evidence of the slow dynamics predicted for one-dimensional magnetic systems with Ising anisotropy, and they open the possibility of storing information in a single magnetic nanowire.
Vision based navigation for mobile robots in indoor environment by teaching and playing-back scheme (2002)

This paper presents a vision based autonomous navigation system for mobile robots in an indoor environment by teaching and playing-back scheme. The system uses an omnidirectional image sensor to perceive the environment, and extracts vertical edges as feature lines. The system memorizes a sequence of environmental images and robot's poses during teaching stage. In the course of playback navigation, the system calculates the robot's position difference from the memorized and currently taken images, and then decides the trajectory to track the taught route. The detail algorithm and the effectiveness of this method with experiments are shown.
Chemotherapy‐induced alopecia and effects on quality of life among women with breast cancer: a literature review (2007)

We found very little quantitative data on other aspects of QOL. More research is needed to determine the presence and extent of negative effects on chemotherapy-induced alopecia on various aspects of QOL.
Si via interconnection technique for 3D MEMS package (2006)

A novel Si via interconnection technique using the doped silicon as an interconnection material is presented for 3D MEMS package. Concept and key idea of silicon via is described. Two layers stacked via arrays with 40 mum and 50 mum spacing are fabricated to prove its feasibility. SDB (silicon direct bonding) multi-stacking process is used for fabrication of stacked package, which consists of a substrate, MEMS structure layer and a cover layer. Resistance of the via which has 34 mum width is measured. Additional electrical and mechanical characteristics of fabricated via are under testing.
Magnetization and Magnetic Anisotropy of TbFe2, DyFe2, Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2 and TmFe2, (1979)

Saturation Magnetizations were measured on single crystals of TbFe2, DyFe2, Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2 and TmFe2. Over most of the temperature range from 4 K to 300K, these values are substantially larger than those measured earlier on polycrystals. The intrinsic magnetic anisotropies, K1 (0)'s, as determined from magnetic fields required for satuation, are huge. For these highly magnetostrictive compounds, the magnetoelastic contribution to the anisotropy is a significant fraction of the total anisotropy. (Author)
Development and deployment of a multi-component Advanced Process Control system for an epitaxy tool (2003)

A multi-component Advanced Process Control (APC) system has been developed and deployed for an Applied Materials vapor phase epitaxy tool at Fairchild Semiconductor. The system, which is fully automated, operates on a SEMI APC framework compliant platform, supports the plug-and-play of multiple APC applications ("plug-ins"), and has configurable control rules that allow the user to specify not only how each APC application will be utilized, but also how the APC applications will interact in a complementary fashion. The current system contains real-time data visualization, run-to-run control (R2R), and fault detection and classification (FDC) plug-ins. The data visualization component is currently being utilized for real-time visual monitoring of aspects of equipment health. The R2R component includes a multivariate algorithm and is being used to provide multi-zone control of deposition thickness and resistivity. The FDC component will gather the in-process data from the tool to automatically determine equipment health and classify faults in order to reduce mean time to repair. In this paper, the methodology used to deploy and configure this APC system is described. Data is provided illustrating the use of each of these APC capabilities individually and in complementary fashion. Data analysis is included that focuses on the benefits of utilizing these capabilities, benefits such as improved equipment reliability, improved overall equipment effectiveness and yield. The paper also includes a discussion of the benefits and issues associated with the complementary utilization of multiple APC components in an open architecture framework.
Satellite-to-satellite coverage optimization approach for opportunistic inter-satellite links (2014)

This paper presents an approach to optimize orbit geometries under satellite to satellite coverage criteria. The method described herewith is applicable to any space system concept featuring inter-satellite-links, including system concepts introducing links of opportunity between heterogeneous spacecraft at different orbits not designed a priori as a constellation. The latter is the case of federated satellite systems, that have recently been proposed as open satellite constellation concepts for opportunistic sharing of data relay and on board storage services. Federated satellite systems make use of unused telecommunications capacity available in participating spacecraft at any given time. This paper describes the satellite to satellite coverage optimization problem, a proposed optimization approach, and its analytical validation. The convergence of results is shown in terms of spatial discretization, temporal discretization and simulation period. The approach is demonstrated in a LEO to LEO network scenario, where orbital parameters of a single spacecraft are optimized to supply the maximum coverage to an example set of 6 LEO spacecraft, at different inter-satellite-link slant ranges. It is shown that increasing the inter-satellite-link maximum range above 6,000 km does not lead to further coverage benefits at LEO altitude. Orbit optimization for LEO coverage is also performed on a set of three spacecraft. In both cases, the optimum solutions feature polar inclination orbits, suggesting that said orbits may be advantageous for LEO satellite-to-satellite applications. This paper ends with conclusions outlining the future work on the satellite to satellite coverage optimization.
Plug-and-Play Architectural Design and Verification (2008)

Abstract. In software architecture, components represent the computational units of a system and connectors represent the interactions among those units. Making decisions about the semantics of these interactions is a key part of the design process. It is often difficult, however, to choose the appropriate interaction semantics due to the wide range of alternatives and the complexity of the system behavior affected by those choices. Techniques such as finite-state verification can be used to evaluate the impact of these design choices on the overall system behavior. This paper presents the Plug-and-Play approach that allows designers to experiment with alternative design choices of component interactions in a plug-and-play manner. With this approach, connectors representing specific interaction semantics are composed from a library of predefined, reusable building blocks. In addition, standard interfaces for components are defined that reduce the impact of interaction changes on the components ’ computations. This approach facilitates design-time verification by improving the reusability of component models and by providing reusable formal models for the connector building blocks, thereby reducing model-construction time for finite-state verification. 1
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Convenient Synthetic Method for N‐β‐ Trifluoroacetylvinyl Amino Acid Esters, α‐Aminoacetophenones, and Aminoacetonitriles as Potenitally Useful Precursors of Fluorine‐ Containing Pyrroles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Empirical Processes with Applications to Statistics (2009)

Here is the first book to summarize a broad cross-section of the large volume of literature available on one-dimensional empirical processes. Presented is a thorough treatment of the theory of empirical processes, with emphasis on real random variable processes as well as a wide-ranging selection of applications in statistics. Featuring many tables and illustrations accompanying the proofs of major results, coverage includes foundations - special spaces and special processes, convergence and distribution of empirical processes, alternatives and processes of residuals, integral tests of fit and estimated empirical processes and martingale methods.
An atmospheric chamber for the investigation of the effect of seasonal moisture changes on clay slopes (2022)

It has been theorised that seasonal pore water pressure cycles play a significant role in the progressive failure of clay embankments. This paper presents the development of an atmospheric chamber to build on the recent advances in techniques for matric suction measurement and texture-based image analysis of deformations to model these cycles in the centrifuge. The systems for regulating the relative humidity boundary condition are described, and the importance of a near-zero moisture loss environment emphasised. Through control of the relative humidity boundary condition, idealized seasonal pore water pressure cycles have been successfully created in the centrifuge. The resulting deformations observed over two years of modelling of an overconsolidated clay slope are presented. These results indicate that, although most of the deformation is normal to the soil slope, seasonal moisture cycles cause small, yet irrecoverable downslope displacement components.
Delivery of Virus-sized Iron Oxide Particles to Rodent CNS Neurons (1994)

Delivery of viral particles to the brain is limited by the volume of distribution that can be obtained. Additionally, there is currently no way to non-invasively monitor the distribution of virus following delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). To examine the delivery of virus-sized particles across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), dextran coated, superparamagnetic monocrystalline iron oxide particles, with a hydrodynamic diameter of 20 +/- 4 nm, were delivered to rat brain by direct intracerebral inoculation or by osmotic BBB disruption with hypertonic mannitol. Delivery of these particles was documented by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and, unexpectedly, neuronal uptake was demonstrated by histochemical staining. Electron microscopy (EM) confirmed iron particle delivery across the capillary basement membrane and localization within CNS parenchymal cells following administration with BBB disruption. This is the first histologic and ultrastructural documentation of the delivery of particles the size of virions across the blood-brain barrier. Additionally, these dextran-coated, iron oxide particles may be useful, in and of themselves, as vectors for diagnostic and/or therapeutic interventions directed at the CNS.
Colour management systems (2012)

Colour values must be interpreted and converted between colour spaces and decisions must be made about how to deal with out-of-gamut colours. For most imaging applications, this process is dealt with by a colour management system. A colour management system is a collection of software tools used to manage the processes of colour specification and communication through an imaging chain. There are a number of fundamental steps required to achieve the main objective of device-independent colour translation. The approach used in the mapping of out-of-gamut colours needs to be flexible and should be defined with reference to the reproduction aims of various different imaging applications. A single colour transformation is required for such a system, translating colour values directly device to device between the two colour spaces. The architecture is based around a reference colour space using the colour specification method defined by the CIE.
Accurate, Guaranteed Stable, Sliding Discrete Fourier Transform [DSP Tips & Tricks (2010)

This article presented a novel method of computing the SDFT that we call the modulated SDFT (mSDFT). The sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) is a recursive algorithm that computes a DFT on a sample-by-sample basis. The accumulated errors and potential instabilities inherent in traditional SDFT algorithms are drastically reduced in the mSDFT. We removed the twiddle factor from the feedback in a traditional SDFT resonator and thus the finite precision of its representation is no longer a problem.