gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Rat Granulosa Cells and Ovaries* (1991)

Metalloproteinases, such as collagenase or gelatinase, and their associated inhibitors appear to control connective tissue remodeling during follicular rupture. We examined the regulation of metalloproteinase inhibitor activity by various treatments in cultured rat granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were harvested from immature PMSG-primed rats and cultured with LH, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), cAMP, or forskolin. Inhibitor activity was measured in the medium. Increasing concentrations of either LH (0.1-1000 ng/ml) or TPA (2.5-100 nM) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in metalloproteinase inhibitor activity (2.9- and 2.4-fold increases above control, respectively). There was also a time-dependent induction of inhibitor activity in cells incubated in the presence of LH (100 ng/ml) for 6, 12, 18, or 24 h. Forskolin (0.1 mM) or cAMP (1 mM) treatment increased inhibitor activity 2.8- and 1.6-fold above that in control cultures. LH and TPA treatment in combination resulted in an additive increase in inhibitor activity compared to LH or TPA treatment alone. This finding suggested that the granulosa cell inhibitor activity might be induced through separate intracellular pathways. The inhibitor present in conditioned medium was isolated by chromatographic separation on a Sepharose 6B mol wt exclusion column. The inhibitor present was approximately 28,000 mol wt, which is consistent with the size of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). In addition to the granulosa cell experiments, changes in ovarian mRNA levels for TIMP were determined. There was a preovulatory increase in TIMP mRNA from whole rat ovaries, with the highest levels detected 12 h after hCG administration. The present study establishes that metalloproteinase inhibitor activity from rat granulosa cells is induced through separate pathways: a LH-cAMP-dependent protein kinase-A pathway and a cAMP-independent protein kinase-C pathway. Furthermore, a TIMP-like protein is observed in granulosa cell-conditioned medium, while TIMP mRNA is present in rat ovaries and increases before ovulation, suggesting that the granulosa cell metalloproteinase inhibitor is TIMP. We propose that TIMP acts in part to control the site and extent of follicular connective tissue remodeling associated with ovulation.
RankReduce - processing K-nearest Neighbor Queries on Top of MapReduce (2010)

We consider the problem of processing K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) queries over large datasets where the index is jointly maintained by a set of machines in a computing cluster. The proposed RankReduce approach uses locality sensitive hashing (LSH) together with a MapReduce implementation, which by design is a perfect match as the hashing principle of LSH can be smoothly integrated in the mapping phase of MapReduce. The LSH algorithm assigns similar objects to the same fragments in the distributed file system which enables a effective selection of potential candidate neighbors which get then reduced to the set of K-Nearest Neighbors. We address problems arising due to the different characteristics of MapReduce and LSH to achieve an efficient search process on the one hand and high LSH accuracy on the other hand. We discuss several pitfalls and detailed descriptions on how to circumvent these. We evaluate RankReduce using both synthetic data and a dataset obtained from Flickr.com demonstrating the suitability of the approach. 1.
Fate of Siloxane Impurities During the Combustion of Renewable Natural Gas (2013)

The fate of siloxane impurities during the combustion of renewable natural gas has been investigated experimentally in the counter-flow configuration. These impurities were shown to decompose completely within the pre-flame and luminous regions, and to form silica layers on metal surfaces in contact with the flame environment. It was determined that first-order global decomposition reactions can describe the experimental data qualitatively. The experiments suggest that for linear siloxanes the rate of the decomposition reaction decreases as the chain length of the molecule increases. For siloxanes with the same number of silicon atoms in their structure, it was found that cyclic siloxanes decompose slower than linear ones. Volume fractions of particles within the flame were measured in-situ using the laser extinction method indicating a linear relationship between the feed concentrations of siloxanes in renewable natural gas and the corresponding volume of particles in the flue-gas.
Intraperitoneal xenografts of human epithelial ovarian cancer in nude mice. (1987)

Using continuous human ovarian cancer cell lines, i.p. xenografts were successfully established in nude mice from four of four attempts. When primary tumor material was used, xenografts grew in 8 of 10 attempts. From these eight, three passageable xenograft cell lines have been established. To our knowledge, this is the first report published of such xenografts. I.p. xenografts closely mimic the clinical behavior of human ovarian cancer, and those developed from primary tumor material maintain close morphological similarity to the parent primary tumor. When expression of placental alkaline phosphatase and the tumor associated antigens defined by the monoclonal antibodies HMFG1, HMFG2, AUA1, and F36/22 by these models was determined, those i.p. xenografts derived from primary tumor material exactly matched the original tumor, while none of the xenografts derived from the cell lines expressed these antigens. These models will be useful for investigating the biology and treatment of ovarian cancer.
Interactive context-driven visualization tools for augmented reality (2006)

In this article we present an interaction tool, based on the Magic Lenses technique, that allows a 3D scene to be affected dynamically given contextual information, for example, to support information filtering. We show how elements of a scene graph are grouped by context in addition to hierarchically, and, how this enables us to locally modify their rendering styles. This research has two major contributions, the use of context sensitivity with 3D Magic Lenses in a scene graph and the implementation of multiple volumetric 3D Magic Lenses for Augmented Reality setups. We have developed our tool for the Studierstube framework which allows us doing rapid prototyping of Virtual and Augmented Reality applications. Some application directions are shown throughout the paper. We compare our work with other methods, highlight strengths and weaknesses and finally discuss research directions for our work.
Characterization of human cardiac Na <sup>+</sup> channel mutations in the congenital long QT syndrome (1996)

The congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited disorder characterized by a prolonged cardiac action potential. This delay in cellular repolarization can lead to potentially fatal arrhythmias. One form of LQTS (LQT3) has been linked to the human cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel gene (SCN5A). Three distinct mutations have been identified in the sodium channel gene. The biophysical and functional characteristics of each of these mutant channels were determined by heterologous expression of a recombinant human heart sodium channel in a mammalian cell line. Each mutation caused a sustained, non-inactivating sodium current amounting to a few percent of the peak inward sodium current, observable during long (> 50 msec) depolarizations. The voltage dependence and rate of inactivation were altered, and the rate of recovery from inactivation was changed compared with wild-type channels. These mutations in diverse regions of the ion channel protein, all produced a common defect in channel gating that can cause the long QT phenotype. The sustained inward current caused by these mutations will prolong the action potential. Furthermore, they may create conditions that promote arrhythmias due to prolonged depolarization and the altered recovery from inactivation. These results provide insights for successful intervention in the disease.
Polarization-independent wavelength conversion at 2.5 Gb/s by dual-pump four-wave mixing in a strained semiconductor optical amplifier (1996)

We give a general expression for the polarization dependence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency in the dual-pump configuration. This expression, along with some general properties of the FWM susceptibility tensor, is used to propose a simple scheme to generate a nearly (1.5-dB variation) polarization independent FWM converted signal. The viability of this scheme is verified in a wavelength conversion experiment at 2.5 Gb/s.
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin9 (PCSK9): A Novel Target For Cholesterol Regulation (2012)

Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin9 (PCSK9), originally called Neural Apoptosis-Regulated Convertase1 (NARC1), is the latest member of mammalian subtilase super-family. Since its discovery in 2003, it has drawn significant attention because of its function in the degradation of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDL-R). LDL-R removes circulating LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. Increased level of PCSK9 functional activity will lead to an accumulation of cholesterol in the blood - a high risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This is confirmed by PCSK9 knock out and transgenic animals, various biochemical and clinical studies involving "gain and loss of function" genetic mutations of PCSK9 found in various subset of populations. Owing to this finding, development of strategies for inhibition of PCSK9 function has drawn significant research interest for therapeutic intervention of hypercholesterolemia. Thus PCSK9 is a target for the development of new cholesterol lowering drugs.
Design and synthesis of chemiluminescent substrates with high luminescent efficiency in an aqueous system: 5‐tert‐butyl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2,6,7‐trioxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes bearing a 3‐hydroxy‐4‐(1‐iminoethyl)phenyl moiety at the 1‐position (2001)

A CIEEL-active dioxetane bearing a 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyphenyl moiety has very recently been found to emit light effectively, even in an aqueous system, albeit with a very slow CIEEL decay rate. As an attempt to improve the CIEEL decay rate of this type of dioxetane, three dioxetanes, in which a carbonyl in the 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyphenyl moiety was modified into an oxime, oxime O-methyl ether, or semicarbazone, were synthesized. These three dioxetanes decomposed to emit light far more rapidly than the parent 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyphenyl-substituted dioxetane. Among them, a dioxetane bearing a 3-hydroxy-4-(1-methoxyiminoethyl) phenyl, namely an oxime O-methyl ether derivative, gave high chemiluminescent efficiency. As for a semicarbazone derivative, decrease of the chemiluminescent yield was minimal, even in an aqueous system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of GATA-2 Phosphorylation by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Interleukin-3 (1995)

GATA-2 is a member of a family of transcription factors which bind a common DNA sequence motif (WGA-TAR) through an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger domain. An essential role for GATA-2 in the development of hematopoietic stem cells has recently been shown in gene targeting experiments in mice. Here we show that GATA-2 exists in hematopoietic progenitor cells as a phosphoprotein. Stimulation of progenitors with interleukin-3 (IL-3) results in enhanced phosphorylation of GATA-2 which occurs within 5 min. IL-3 is known to signal in part through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and evidence for MAP kinase signaling in the control of GATA-2 phosphorylation was obtained by genetically manipulating the MAP kinase pathway in COS cells using either constitutively activating or interfering mutants of MAP kinase kinase. Furthermore, using an interfering mutant of MAP kinase kinase, we directly demonstrated a critical role for the MAP kinase pathway in the IL-3-dependent phosphorylation of GATA-2 in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Finally, in vitro phosphorylation experiments using recombinant GATA-2 raise the possibility that MAP kinase itself may phosphorylate GATA-2. Our results provide evidence for phosphorylation via the MAP kinase pathway constituting a cytoplasmic link between GATA-2 and growth factor receptors and are consistent with the hypothesis that GATA-2 is involved in the growth factor responsiveness and proliferation control of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
A Randomized Trial of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnea (2013)

As compared with a strategy of watchful waiting, surgical treatment for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in school-age children did not significantly improve attention or executive function as measured by neuropsychological testing but did reduce symptoms and improve secondary outcomes of behavior, quality of life, and polysomnographic findings, thus providing evidence of beneficial effects of early adenotonsillectomy. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; CHAT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00560859.).
Optical computing: a survey for computer scientists (1989)

Optical Computers provides the first in-depth review of the possibilities and limitations of optical data processing.
Astronomical Navigation - Astronomy and Navigation. D. H. Sadler; Royal Astronomical Society (Occasional Notes, No. 13); September 1949; 126 pp.; paper 10 × 6·75 in.; 3<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. (1950)

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Deep Eutectic Ionic Liquids as Epoxy Resin Curing Agents (2014)

Abstract Epoxy compositions based on low-molecular bisphenol A type resin and deep eutectic solvents from choline chloride (ChCl) and guanidine derivatives or urea were prepared and investigated. Pot life at room temperature and curing process at dynamic mode were studied using DSC and rheometry while DES basic ratio was changed in a range of 3–9 wt. part/100 wt. part of epoxy resin (phr). Thermomechanical properties (glass transition and tan δ) of the cured epoxy materials (DES content up to 20 phr) using DMTA and their thermal resistance on the basis of thermogravimetric measurements were evaluated. The curing mechanism, i.e., ratio of polyaddition reaction to catalytic polymerization, was evaluated considering changeable guanidine derivative content in relation to epoxy resin. Keywords: Deep eutectic solventEpoxy resin curingGuanidine derivativesThermomechanical properties Notes *From DSC measurement. **Melting point depression as related to lower melting DES component.
Cross-Sentence N-ary Relation Extraction with Graph LSTMs (2017)

Past work in relation extraction has focused on binary relations in single sentences. Recent NLP inroads in high-value domains have sparked interest in the more general setting of extracting n-ary relations that span multiple sentences. In this paper, we explore a general relation extraction framework based on graph long short-term memory networks (graph LSTMs) that can be easily extended to cross-sentence n-ary relation extraction. The graph formulation provides a unified way of exploring different LSTM approaches and incorporating various intra-sentential and inter-sentential dependencies, such as sequential, syntactic, and discourse relations. A robust contextual representation is learned for the entities, which serves as input to the relation classifier. This simplifies handling of relations with arbitrary arity, and enables multi-task learning with related relations. We evaluate this framework in two important precision medicine settings, demonstrating its effectiveness with both conventional supervised learning and distant supervision. Cross-sentence extraction produced larger knowledge bases. and multi-task learning significantly improved extraction accuracy. A thorough analysis of various LSTM approaches yielded useful insight the impact of linguistic analysis on extraction accuracy.
A 100 Gb/s and High-Reliable Physical-Layer Architecture for VSR and Backplane Ethernet (2008)

A high-throughput and high-reliable physical-layer architecture for very-short-reach (VSR) and backplane Ethernet applications was developed. VSR and backplane networks provide 100-Gb/s data transmission between blade servers and LAN switches. This architecture supports 100-Gb/s-throughput, high-reliability, and low-latency data transmission, making it well suited to VSR and backplane applications for inter-LAN-switch and intra-cabinet networks. Its links comprise ten 10-Gb/s highspeed serial lanes. Payload data are transmitted by a ribbon fiber and a copper cable for VSR applications and by copper channels for the backplane board. Ten lanes convey Ethernet data frames and parity data of forward-error correction code (newly developed (544, 512) code FEQ, providing highly reliable (BER<lE-22) data transmission with a burst-error correction with low latency (i.e., 29.0 ns on the transmitter (Tx) side and 104.4 ns on the receiver (Rx) side). A 64B/66B code-sequence-based skew compensation mechanism, which provides low-latency compensation for the lane-to-lane skew, is used for multi-lane serial transmission. Testing an ASIC with this physical-layer architecture showed that it can provide 100-Gb/s data transmission with a 747-kgate circuit, which is small enough to be implemented in a single LSI. Furthermore in this paper, insufficient FEC rate in past report was solved, and a technique for improving reliability of the above compensation mechanism was proposed.
Adaptive intra mode skipping algorithm for inter frame coding of H.264/AVC (2005)

Compared to contemporary video coding standards, the H.264 standard achieves higher compression efficiency at the expense of high computational complexity at the encoder to carry out rate distortion optimization (RDO). In this paper, we investigated the encoding speed improvement technology of H.264 and focus on RDO to select the encode mode for fast coding of H.264. Based on the analysis of motion activity information of the macroblock to be coded in inter frame, we proposed a methodology to simplify the computation of encoder while maintaining the coding efficiency. At first, we established the relationships between INTRA mode and motion activity in inter frame. Then the INTRA mode skipping algorithm (IMSA) is proposed and applied to RDO procedure. If the motion activity of a macroblock is small enough, then IMSA adaptively skips the whole INTRA mode decision process because the encoder benefits little from such type of macroblocks. Simulation results demonstrate its valuable efficiency of considerably reducing 30%~60% encoding complexity while incurring little even no loss in quality and increase in bit rate. Additionally, it is easier than other published fast mode decision algorithms and more efficient when working together with them.
Endo-β- <i>N</i> -acetylglucosaminidase, an enzyme involved in processing of free oligosaccharides in the cytosol (2002)

Formation of oligosaccharides occurs both in the cytosol and in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Luminal oligosaccharides are transported into the cytosol to ensure that they do not interfere with proper functioning of the glycan-dependent quality control machinery in the lumen of the ER for newly synthesized glycoproteins. Once in the cytosol, free oligosaccharides are catabolized, possibly to maximize the reutilization of the component sugars. An endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) is a key enzyme involved in the processing of free oligosaccharides in the cytosol. This enzyme activity has been widely described in animal cells, but the gene encoding this enzyme activity has not been reported. Here, we report the identification of the gene encoding human cytosolic ENGase. After 11 steps, the enzyme was purified 150,000-fold to homogeneity from hen oviduct, and several internal amino acid sequences were analyzed. Based on the internal sequence and examination of expressed sequence tag (EST) databases, we identified the human orthologue of the purified protein. The human protein consists of 743 aa and has no apparent signal sequence, supporting the idea that this enzyme is localized in the cytosol. By expressing the cDNA of the putative human ENGase in COS-7 cells, the enzyme activity in the soluble fraction was enhanced 100-fold over the basal level, confirming that the human gene identified indeed encodes for ENGase. Careful gene database surveys revealed the occurrence of ENGase homologues in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana, indicating the broad occurrence of ENGase in higher eukaryotes. This gene was expressed in a variety of human tissues, suggesting that this enzyme is involved in basic biological processes in eukaryotic cells.
Footprint-based Quadruped Motion Synthesis (1998)

This paper applies trajectory-based optimization techniques to the synthesis of quadruped motions. The animator specifies hard constraints, consisting of footprint locations and their timings, and soft constraints that encode both physically-plausible behavior and the notion of comfortable positions. By dealing first and foremost with the spline trajectories representing the gross motion of the quadruped, the resulting optimization problem can be solved efficiently and robustly. Results include walking, jumping, and galloping quadrupeds.
Generic robotic and motion control API based on GISC-Kit technology and CORBA communications (2002)

This paper presents a generic robot and motion control applications programmers interface (API) based on generic intelligent systems control (GISC) technology and CORBA communications. The API provides a generic high-level interface for command sequences between a supervisory control system and devices ranging from one degree of freedom motion devices up to six degree of freedom robotic systems. The API manages distributed robotic control using CORBA communications across numerous platforms ranging from Unix workstations to PCs. The paper presents a description of the API functions and classes used to integrate the Sandia-developed GISC control architecture and commercial CORBA software to support device-independent robotic control.
Penfluridol: An Antipsychotic Agent Suppresses Metastatic Tumor Growth in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Integrin Signaling Axis (2015)

Metastasis of breast cancer, especially to the brain, is the major cause of mortality. The inability of anticancer agents to cross the blood-brain-barrier represents a critical challenge for successful treatment. In the current study, we investigated the antimetastatic potential of penfluridol, an antipsychotic drug frequently prescribed for schizophrenia with anticancer activity. We show that penfluridol induced apoptosis and reduced the survival of several metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In addition, penfluridol treatment significantly reduced the expression of integrin α6, integrin β4, Fak, paxillin, Rac1/2/3, and ROCK1 in vitro. We further evaluated the efficacy of penfluridol in three different in vivo tumor models. We demonstrate that penfluridol administration to an orthotopic model of breast cancer suppressed tumor growth by 49%. On the other hand, penfluridol treatment inhibited the growth of metastatic brain tumors introduced by intracardiac or intracranial injection of breast cancer cells by 90% and 72%, respectively. Penfluridol-treated tumors from all three models exhibited reduced integrin β4 and increased apoptosis. Moreover, chronic administration of penfluridol failed to elicit significant toxic or behavioral side effects in mice. Taken together, our results indicate that penfluridol effectively reduces the growth of primary TNBC tumors and especially metastatic growth in the brain by inhibiting integrin signaling, and prompt further preclinical investigation into repurposing penfluridol for the treatment of metastatic TNBC.