gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Related Lifestyle Characteristics Among Middle-aged Japanese. (2000)

The present study describes leisure-time physical activity status and related lifestyle factors in middle-aged Japanese. Data were obtained from 1,893 (905 men, 988 women) participants aged 40-69 years who had either been selected from a public registry or who had visited a healthcare facility. Subjects responded to a self-administered questionnaire and were interviewed using an assessment method for leisure-time and on-the-job physical activity within the last 12 months by trained interviewers. According to the leisure-time physical activity score, men and urban residents tended to engage in more leisure-time physical activity than did women and rural residents, respectively. Leisure-time physical activity tended to be inversely associated with on-the-job physical activity in all cases aside from women in urban regions, and also to be associated with higher levels of education in rural regions. Subjects engaging in more leisure-time physical activity had higher odds ratios of certain lifestyle factors, indicating a healthy lifestyle that included a variety of foods in their diet and a subjective sense of wellness in both men and women, in addition to non-smoking and drinking milk in men. These results suggested that leisure-time physical activity is influenced by socio-environmental factors, and that it is accompanied by other healthy behavior.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL CAPACITY OF CHARGE AND DISCHARGE TO BUILDING CONPORNENTS IN THERMAL MASS STORAGE SYSTEM (2009)

A series of experiment for building thermal mass storage system was carried out using the real-scale experiment unit which can reproduce the real condition. The experimental condition varies direction of blowing, flow rate, installation density of diffuser and flow temperature in order to clarify their characteristics of charging and discharging thermal storage into the slab. The result shows that the rate of charge to the building materials including slab is between 70% from 80%. And uniformity of supply air blowing is effective for charging to the slab.
An inbred line of transgenic mice expressing an internally deleted gene for type II procollagen (COL2A1). Young mice have a variable phenotype of a chondrodysplasia and older mice have osteoarthritic changes in joints. (1993)

Studies were carried out on a line of transgenic mice that expressed an internally deleted COL2A1 gene and developed a phenotype resembling human chondrodysplasias (Vandenberg et al. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:7640-7644. Marked differences in phenotype were observed with propagation of the mutated gene in an inbred strain of mice in that approximately 15% of the transgenic mice had a cleft palate and a lethal phenotype, whereas the remaining mice were difficult to distinguish from normal littermates. 1-d- and 3-mo-old transgenic mice that were viable showed microscopic signs of chondrodysplasia with reduced amounts of collagen fibrils in the cartilage matrix, dilatation of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the chondrocytes, and decrease of optical path difference in polarized light microscopy. The transgenic mice also showed signs of disturbed growth as evidenced by lower body weight, lower length and weight of the femur, decreased bone collagen, decreased bone mineral, and decreased resistance of bone to breakage. Comparisons of mice ranging in age from 1 d to 15 mo demonstrated that there was decreasing evidence of a chondrodysplasia as the mice grew older. Instead, the most striking feature in the 15-mo-old mice were degenerative changes of articular cartilage similar to osteoarthritis.
SAW filters with combined single-mode and double-mode sections (2003)

In this paper, we discuss low-loss SAW filters composed as a combination of ladder or balanced bridge single-mode one-port resonator section (LDR or BBR) and double-mode longitudinally coupled resonator (LCR) section. Such combinations of single-mode and double-mode sections allows the operation of IF or RF filters with single-ended or balanced loads 50-300 Ohm and insertion loss IL=2.3-3.8 dB without additional matching circuits. Besides, the ultimate rejection increases to UR =55-70 dB in a wide frequency range. The matching of unity sections has been studied in order to decrease distortions caused by reflections. The characteristics of SAW filters with LDR-LCR-LDR; LCR-LDR-LCR; LCR-BBR-LCR; LDR-BBR structures are reported, with center frequencies 442, 484, 135, 105 and 160 MHz, respectively.
Mechanical phenotyping of cereal crops to assess lodging resistance (2019)

Plant mechanical failure, also known as lodging, is the cause of significant and unpredictable yield losses in cereal crops. Lodging can be divided into two distinct failure modes - stalk lodging and root lodging. Despite the prevalence and detrimental impact of lodging on crop yields, there is little consensus on how to phenotype plants for lodging-resistance and breed for mechanically resilient plants. This review focuses on the phenotyping approaches that have been employed for mechanical testing to individually assess stalk and root lodging-resistance. For each approach, the benefits, draw-backs and limitations are discussed. Lastly, this review provides future perspectives as to the next steps in this important, but still developing area of plant phenotyping.
A Logic Simulation Machine (1983)

Special-purpose CAD hardware is increasingly being considered as a means to meet the challenge posed to conventional (software-based) CAD tools by the growing complexity of VLSI circuits. In this paper we describe the architecture of a logic simulation machine employing distributed and parallel processing. Our architecture can accommodate different levels of modeling ranging from simple gates to complex functions, and support timing analysis. We estimate that simulation implemented by the proposed special-purpose hardware will be between 10 and 60 times faster than currently used software algorithms running on general-purpose computers. With the available technology, a throughput of 1 000 000 gate evaluations/sec can be achieved.
Impedance Matching of a Coaxial Antenna for Microwave In-situ Processing of Polluted Soils (2011)

The present paper is focused on the minimization of return loss of a slotted coaxial radiator proposed for a decontamination system for soils contaminated by volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds such as oils or fuels. The antenna upgrade is achieved by coating it with a 5 mm thick Teflon layer. The electromagnetic characteristics reflection coefficient and power density distribution around the antenna surrounded by soils with different moisture levels are analyzed numerically. Simplified analytical approaches are employed to accelerate the optimization of the given antenna for microwave heating systems. The improved antenna design shows a good matching of the antenna to the surrounding soil with varying moisture levels. This ensures a high efficiency of the proposed in-situ soil decontamination system.
Intermediate band solar cells: Comparison with shockley-read-hall recombination (2004)

Intermediate band solar cells are characterized by the existence of a collection of energy levels in the middle of the otherwise conventional semiconductor band gap. According to the standard Shockley-Read-Hall recombination theory, the states corresponding to these energy levels behave as nonradiative recombination centers and, therefore, are detrimental to solar cell performance. Nevertheless, the theory of the intermediate band solar cells predicts an enhancement of the solar cell efficiency well above the limiting efficiency of single gap solar cells (63.2% vs. 40.7%) when these levels exist. This paper clarifies the reasons.
Alumina-catalyzed rreactions of hydroxyarenes and hydroaromatic ketones. I. Reactions of 1-naphthol with methanol (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlumina-catalyzed rreactions of hydroxyarenes and hydroaromatic ketones. I. Reactions of 1-naphthol with methanolLeRoy H. Klemm, Joseph Shabtai, and Dennis Riley TaylorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 4, 1480–1488Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01268a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01268a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Adiponectin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Insulin Sensitivity (2004)

The experimental results are in agreement with observational data. Moderate alcohol consumption improved insulin sensitivity in relatively insulin-resistant middle-aged men, an effect that may be mediated through alcohol-induced increases in adiponectin.
Human Pumilio Proteins Recruit Multiple Deadenylases to Efficiently Repress Messenger RNAs (2012)

PUF proteins are a conserved family of eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins that regulate specific mRNAs: they control many processes including stem cell proliferation, fertility, and memory formation. PUFs repress protein expression from their target mRNAs but the mechanism by which they do so remains unclear, especially for humans. Humans possess two PUF proteins, PUM1 and PUM2, which exhibit similar RNA binding specificities. Here we report new insights into their regulatory activities and mechanisms of action. We developed functional assays to measure sequence-specific repression by PUM1 and PUM2. Both robustly inhibit translation and promote mRNA degradation. Purified PUM complexes were found to contain subunits of the CCR4-NOT (CNOT) complex, which contains multiple enzymes that catalyze mRNA deadenylation. PUMs interact with the CNOT deadenylase subunits in vitro. We used three approaches to determine the importance of deadenylases for PUM repression. First, dominant-negative mutants of CNOT7 and CNOT8 reduced PUM repression. Second, RNA interference depletion of the deadenylases alleviated PUM repression. Third, the poly(A) tail was necessary for maximal PUM repression. These findings demonstrate a conserved mechanism of PUF-mediated repression via direct recruitment of the CCR4-POP2-NOT deadenylase leading to translational inhibition and mRNA degradation. A second, deadenylation independent mechanism was revealed by the finding that PUMs repress an mRNA that lacks a poly(A) tail. Thus, human PUMs are repressors capable of deadenylation-dependent and -independent modes of repression.
Characteristic Polarization States in an Ultrawideband Context Based on the Singularity Expansion Method (2009)

The concept of characteristic polarization states (CPSs) is extended to an ultrawideband (UWB) context by a time-domain approach. This is achieved by a sparse representation of the target UWB temporal response by the singularity expansion model. The polarization description uses the complex residues and frequencies associated with each singularity mode to derive both coherent target polarization scattering information and, subsequently (using the Lagrangian optimization procedure), a set of CPSs associated with the singularities of interest.
Problems due to Small Samples and Sparse Data in Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis (2000)

Conditional logistic regression was developed to avoid "sparse-data" biases that can arise in ordinary logistic regression analysis. Nonetheless, it is a large-sample method that can exhibit considerable bias when certain types of matched sets are infrequent or when the model contains too many parameters. Sparse-data bias can cause misleading inferences about confounding, effect modification, dose response, and induction periods, and can interact with other biases. In this paper, the authors describe these problems in the context of matched case-control analysis and provide examples from a study of electrical wiring and childhood leukemia and a study of diet and glioma. The same problems can arise in any likelihood-based analysis, including ordinary logistic regression. The problems can be detected by careful inspection of data and by examining the sensitivity of estimates to category boundaries, variables in the model, and transformations of those variables. One can also apply various bias corrections or turn to methods less sensitive to sparse data than conditional likelihood, such as Bayesian and empirical-Bayes (hierarchical regression) methods.
Automatic Test case Generation From UML State Chart Diagram (2012)

More than 50% of software development effort is spent in testing phase in a typical software development project. Test case design as well as execution consumes a lot of time. So automated generation of test cases is highly required. We present a testing methodology to test object oriented software based on UML state chart diagrams. In our approach we apply function minimization technique and generate test cases automatically from UML state chart diagrams. Here, first the state chart diagram is constructed. Then the diagram is traversed. Here, we perform a DFS to select the associated predicates. After selecting the predicates, we guess an initial dataset. These conditional predicates are, then transformed to generate test cases automatically. Our technique achieves adequate test coverage without unduly increasing the number of test cases. Our approach achieves many important coverage like state coverage, transition coverage, transition pair coverage etc.. This paper also describes how minimization technique is used in testing.
Method For Industrial Robot Tracking And Navigation Based On Time-Of-Flight Laser Rangefinding And The Position Sensitive Detection Technique (1989)

A system is proposed which can be used to track a moving machine or vehicle and determine its 3D coordinates continuously and accurately within a short measuring time. The system includes a stationary servo-controlled measuring head and optical reflectors attached to the robot or vehicle to be monitored. The measuring head consists of a time-of-flight laser rangefinder and angle encoders. Tracking is accomplished by illuminating the cooperative target with a laser diode or LED and focusing the reflected light on the surface of a position-sensitive detector (PSD). The latter acts as a null detector and its signals are used to drive the servomotors of the measuring head. Both the emitter and the PSD are located in the measuring head. Preliminary tests show that a tracking resolution of about 200 Arad (FWHM) is achievable in tracking over a measurement range of 100 m. The transmitter ouput beam produced by a cw laser diode collimator pen and a single positive lens (f=300 mm) has an average ouput power of 8 mW and a divergence of 14 mrad. The detector in these tests consisted of a four quadrant PSD located near the focal plane of a positive lens (Φ=50 mm, f=200 mm) and associated envelope detection and signal processing electronics with a bandwidth of 100 Hz. The target used was a sphere (Φ=15 cm) constructed of a highly reflective tape.
Influence of Antibody Immobilization Strategy on Molecular Recognition Force Microscopy Measurements (2005)

A systematic evaluation of the effects of antibody immobilization strategy on the binding efficiency and selectivity (e.g., ability to distinguish between specific and nonspecific interactions) of immunosurfaces prepared with F(ab') antibody fragments of rabbit Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is described. F(ab') was attached to gold surfaces either (1) directly via the formation of a gold-thiolate bond or (2) indirectly through a series of a bifunctional linkers containing an alkane chain or ethylene glycol spacer. Immobilization of F(ab') via the sulfhydryl reactive group located opposite the antigen binding site ensured optimum orientation of the antigen binding site. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to confirm surface modification with the bifunctional linkers and antibody immobilization, respectively. Binding efficiency assays performed with SPR indicated that increasing the length of the linker increased the antigen binding efficiency. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) adhesion force measurements indicated that AFM probes functionalized with directly immobilized F(ab') more effectively discriminated between specific and nonspecific surface-bound proteins than probes modified indirectly via linker-immobilized F(ab'). In addition, a greater number of antibody-antigen binding events were observed with directly immobilized F(ab')-functionalized probes.
Preformed portals facilitate dendritic cell entry into afferent lymphatic vessels (2009)

Although both processes occur at similar rates, leukocyte extravasation from the blood circulation is well investigated, whereas intravasation into lymphatic vessels has hardly been studied. In contrast to a common assumption-that intra- and extravasation follow similar molecular principles-we previously showed that lymphatic entry of dendritic cells (DCs) does not require integrin-mediated adhesive interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that DC-entry is also independent of pericellular proteolysis, raising the question of whether lymphatic vessels offer preexisting entry routes. We find that the perilymphatic basement membrane of initial lymphatic vessels is discontinuous and therefore leaves gaps for entering cells. Using a newly developed in situ live cell imaging approach that allows us to dynamically visualize the cells and their extracellular environment, we demonstrate that DCs enter through these discontinuities, which are transiently mechanically dilated by the passaging cells. We further show that penetration of the underlying lymphatic endothelial layer occurs through flap valves lacking continuous intercellular junctions. Together, we demonstrate free cellular communication between interstitium and lymphatic lumen.
Optical gas sensing: a review (2012)

The detection and measurement of gas concentrations using the characteristic optical absorption of the gas species is important for both understanding and monitoring a variety of phenomena from industrial processes to environmental change. This study reviews the field, covering several individual gas detection techniques including non-dispersive infrared, spectrophotometry, tunable diode laser spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. We present the basis for each technique, recent developments in methods and performance limitations. The technology available to support this field, in terms of key components such as light sources and gas cells, has advanced rapidly in recent years and we discuss these new developments. Finally, we present a performance comparison of different techniques, taking data reported over the preceding decade, and draw conclusions from this benchmarking.
ScaleDeep (2017)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on a broad range of tasks involving natural language, speech, image, and video processing, and are deployed in many real world applications. However, DNNs impose significant computational challenges owing to the complexity of the networks and the amount of data they process, both of which are projected to grow in the future. To improve the efficiency of DNNs, we propose ScaleDeep, a dense, scalable server architecture, whose processing, memory and interconnect subsystems are specialized to leverage the compute and communication characteristics of DNNs. While several DNN accelerator designs have been proposed in recent years, the key difference is that ScaleDeep primarily targets DNN training, as opposed to only inference or evaluation. The key architectural features from which ScaleDeep derives its efficiency are: (i) heterogeneous processing tiles and chips to match the wide diversity in computational characteristics (FLOPs and Bytes/FLOP ratio) that manifest at different levels of granularity in DNNs, (ii) a memory hierarchy and 3-tiered interconnect topology that is suited to the memory access and communication patterns in DNNs, (iii) a low-overhead synchronization mechanism based on hardware data-flow trackers, and (iv) methods to map DNNs to the proposed architecture that minimize data movement and improve core utilization through nested pipelining. We have developed a compiler to allow any DNN topology to be programmed onto ScaleDeep, and a detailed architectural simulator to estimate performance and energy. The simulator incorporates timing and power models of ScaleDeep's components based on synthesis to Intel's 14nm technology. We evaluate an embodiment of ScaleDeep with 7032 processing tiles that operates at 600 MHz and has a peak performance of 680 TFLOPs (single precision) and 1.35 PFLOPs (half-precision) at 1.4KW. Across 11 state-of-the-art DNNs containing 0.65M-14.9M neurons and 6.8M-145.9M weights, including winners from 5 years of the ImageNet competition, ScaleDeep demonstrates 6x-28x speedup at iso-power over the state-of-the-art performance on GPUs.
A medical needle drive for the study of interstitial implant mechanics (2003)

We describe the construction and test performance of a computer-controlled medical needle drive. The drive represents one facet of a larger project whose aim is to investigate experimentally the mechanics of needle introduction in radioactive 'seed' prostate implants, with a view to identifying ways of making incremental improvements in needle placement accuracy. It is capable of mimicking a range of motions imparted to a needle by a clinical practitioner, and of monitoring the compressive force at the needle tip in real time via an in-line load cell. Tests involving driving needles into porcine gelatin samples using a variety of velocity profiles confirm intended operation. The drive will permit us to introduce needles in a controlled and reproducible manner into a realistic prostate phantom currently being designed.
Ethical issues in pragmatic randomized controlled trials: a review of the recent literature identifies gaps in ethical argumentation (2018)

The current ethical discussion is framed by the assumption that the function of research oversight is to protect participants from risk. As pragmatic RCTs commonly involve usual care interventions, the risks may be minimal. This leads many to reject the research-practice distinction and question the need for informed consent. But the function of oversight should be understood broadly as protecting the liberty and welfare interest of participants and promoting public trust in research. This understanding, we suggest, will focus discussion on questions about appropriate ethical review for pragmatic RCTs.