gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cationic Polymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether Initiated by Tin Tetrachloride in the Presence of Trimethylsilyl Azide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic Polymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether Initiated by Tin Tetrachloride in the Presence of Trimethylsilyl AzideHung Anh Nguyen and Herve CheradameCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 23, 7942–7944Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00127a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00127a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery of a Potent BTK Inhibitor with a Novel Binding Mode by Using Parallel Selections with a DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library (2017)

We have identified and characterized novel potent inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) from a single DNA-encoded library of over 110 million compounds by using multiple parallel selection conditions, including variation in target concentration and addition of known binders to provide competition information. Distinct binding profiles were observed by comparing enrichments of library building block combinations under these conditions; one enriched only at high concentrations of BTK and was competitive with ATP, and another enriched at both high and low concentrations of BTK and was not competitive with ATP. A compound representing the latter profile showed low nanomolar potency in biochemical and cellular BTK assays. Results from kinetic mechanism of action studies were consistent with the selection profiles. Analysis of the co-crystal structure of the most potent compound demonstrated a novel binding mode that revealed a new pocket in BTK. Our results demonstrate that profile-based selection strategies using DNA-encoded libraries form the basis of a new methodology to rapidly identify small molecule inhibitors with novel binding modes to clinically relevant targets.
Polymers and Environment II. Polyurethane Foam Derived from Waste Vegetable Oil. (1993)

資源有効利用の見地から, 廃油を用いてポリウレタン (PU) フォームの調製を試みた. 廃油は老化の進行とともに酸価が増加し, 遊離脂肪酸の量が増加すること, および二重結合の開裂による高分子量化が生じることが明らかとなった. したがって老化の進行した廃油ほどPUのポリオールとして適するようになり, PUフォームはポリプロピレングリコール (PPG, Mw=400) およびジフェニルメタンジイソシアナート (MDI) を用いて容易に調製できることがわかった. 調製したPUフxォームの強度は廃油の酸価およびMDI量の増加とともに増加することがわかった. またガラス転移温度 (Tg) は廃油量酸価及びMDI量の増加とともに増加することがわかった. これらのことから廃油がPU中で三次元化を促進すること, また高分子化による絡み合いの効果を増加することが明らかとなった.
DNA methylation and expression of LINE-1 and HERV-K provirus sequences in urothelial and renal cell carcinomas (1999)

Since DNA methylation is considered an important mechanism for silencing of retroelements in the mammalian genome, hypomethylation in human tumours may lead to their reactivation. The methylation status of LINE-1 retroposons was determined in 73 samples of urinary bladder cancers, 34 specimens of renal cell carcinoma and in the corresponding normal tissues by Southern blot analysis. LINE-1 sequences were strongly methylated in normal tissues and were significantly hypomethylated in 69 (95%) urothelial carcinomas, but in none of the renal carcinomas. Hypomethylation in bladder cancers was independent of stage and tended to increase with grade. The methylation status of HERV-K proviral DNA in normal and transformed urothelial cells paralleled that of LINE-1 sequences (r2 = 0.87). It was shown by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction that hypomethylation also extended to the LINE-1 promoter sequence located at the 5'-ends of full-length elements which is repressed by methylation in somatic tissues. Accordingly, full-length LINE-1 transcripts were detected by Northern blot analysis in two urothelial carcinoma cell lines. In contrast, transcripts from HERV-K proviruses were restricted to teratocarcinoma cell lines. Our data indicate that genome-wide DNA hypomethylation is an early change in urothelial carcinoma, but is absent from renal cell carcinoma. The coordinate changes of LINE-1 and HERV-K DNA methylation suggest that hypomethylation in urothelial cancer affects a variety of different retroelements to similar extents. We speculate that decreased methylation of LINE-1 retroelements, in particular, may contribute to genomic instability in specific human tumours such as urothelial carcinoma by rendering these normally repressed sequences competent for transcription and recombination.
An Ultra-High Input Impedance Analog Front End Using Self-Calibrated Positive Feedback (2018)

This paper presents circuit techniques for ultra-high input impedance analog front end (AFE). In order to boost input impedance, various on- and off-chip parasitic capacitances are cancelled using an active shield and negative capacitance technique. To maximize the cancellation, a self-calibration scheme with active shield replica is proposed for positive feedback-based negative capacitance, which settles at the boundary between stable and unstable states in calibration mode. A prototype IC fabricated in 0.18- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS achieves an input impedance of 50 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}\Omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 50 Hz, equivalent to 60-fF capacitance, while consuming 289 nW from 0.8-V supply. The proposed AFE is applied to heart-rate monitoring using 1-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> dry electrodes over clothes without any straps.
Minimally Invasive Electrical Impedance Tomography - Promising Way to Decrease Diagnostics Uncertainty (2006)

Regular electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is based on the surface electrodes which results in long application times, long stabilization times, and high ESEI. Clinically relevant information in electrical impedance tomography is diluted by the electrical properties of stratum corneum. Eliminating stratum corneum would improve the signals from the tissue. In this paper, a new concept and possible technology - minimally invasive electrical impedance tomography based on micromachined needle electrodes is described to decrease diagnostics uncertainty. Microneedle electrodes are penetrated into the skin, and compared to regular EIT, can obtained minimal ESEI required. Otherwise, the object of tomography would be extended to the local body or the micro tissue, such as a cell, to realize micro imaging. Human body electromagnetic field models under different electrode contact modes on human body are also built and analysed in the paper
Building a Better Aspirin (1998)

BIOMEDICINEThe beneficial effects of aspirin and its cousins, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, come from their ability to block an enzyme, called cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), that promotes inflammation, pain, and fevers. Unfortunately, the drugs are even more effective at inhibiting COX-1, a related enzyme essential for the health of the stomach and kidneys. Now two compounds that selectively inhibit COX-2 may be in drugstores within the next year, and a new wave of COX-2 inhibitors that could eventually be even more potent is also taking shape (see Report on p. [1268][1]).

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/280/5367/1268
Glyceryl trinitrate for chronic anal fissure—Healing or headache? (2000)

This trial fails to demonstrate any superiority of topical 0.2 percent glyceryl trinitrate treatment vs. a placebo, although the effects of glyceryl trinitrate on anodermal blood flow and sphincter pressure are confirmed. This finding, together with the high incidence of side-effects, should discourage the use of this treatment as a substitute for surgery in chronic anal fissure.
Minimum induced power requirements for flapping flight (1996)

The Betz criterion for minimum induced loss is used to compute the optimal circulation distribution along the span of flapping wings in fast forward flight. In particular, we consider the case where flapping motion is used to generate both lift (weight support) and thrust. The Betz criterion is used to develop two different numerical models of flapping. In the first model, which applies to small-amplitude harmonic flapping motions, the optimality condition is reduced to a one-dimensional integral equation which we solve numerically. In the second model, which applies to large-amplitude periodic flapping motions, the optimal circulation problem is reduced to solving for the flow over an infinitely long wavy sheet translating through an inviscid fluid at rest at infinity. This three-dimensional flow problem is solved using a vortex-lattice technique. Both methods predict that the induced power required to produce thrust decreases with increasing flapping amplitude and frequency. Using the large-amplitude theory, we find that the induced power required to produce lift increases with flapping amplitude and frequency. Therefore, an optimum flapping amplitude exists when the flapping motion of wings must simultaneously produce lift and thrust.
LASER REMOVAL OF FLUX RESIDUE BEFORE CHIP ATTACHMENT TO BOARD IN A FLIP CHIP ASSEMBLY (1998)

The occurrence of flux residue is a manufacturing and reliability concern for flip chip assemblies. In this paper, removal of flux residue by laser cleaning before chip attachment to board is carried out. In the flip chip process, 63%Sn37%Pb solder paste with a water soluble flux was printed on wafer by stencil and subjected to infrared reflow. Instead of washing with water, flux residue on the chips after wafer sawing was removed by ablation of pulsed ultraviolet (UV) lasers with wavelengths of 248 nm and 355 nm respectively. Some parameters in the cleaning process such as the energy density of laser and number of pulses irradiated on the chips had been optimized. It was found that the laser beams also etched polyimide passivation on the chips. After laser etching, the passivation surface became cleaner. The rate of etching was measured by a surface profilometer. To conclude, we discuss the advantages of laser cleaning over wet chemical cleaning in the removal of flux residue.
Future Research Needs for the Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions with Bypass Graft Surgery in Nonacute Coronary Artery Disease (2010)

The formation of cell wall fibres at the surface of isolated leaf protoplasts has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Fibres are not formed on incubated protoplasts until a lag period has elapsed. This period is about 8 h for leaf protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum and about 45 h for leaf protoplasts of Antirrhinum majus. In the case of Antirrhinum protoplasts the length of the lag period is dependent on the concentration of osmoticum present during the incubation period. If regenerating protoplasts are briefly treated with dilute cellulase, the newly formed wall is completely digested. Such protoplasts are capable of producing new fibres at the surface within minutes of their return to a nutrient medium. These results are discussed in terms of the likely source of the lag period and its significance in wall regeneration studies.
Wireless Transmission of Muscle Potentials During Free Flight of a Locust (1993)

ABSTRACT Scientists have long been interested in recording data from freely moving animals. For larger animals, several telemetric techniques are available not only for following the movement of unrestrained animals in the wild (White and Garrott, 1990) but also for transmitting measures of heartbeat, body temperature, wingbeat, respiration, etc. (e.g. Lord et al. 1962; Butler and Woakes, 1980; Funk et al. 1993; for an overview, see Amlaner and Macdonald, 1980). Because of the size of such transmission devices, however, data acquisition has been restricted to larger animals. The development of lightweight batteries and microchips has only recently facilitated efforts to transmit data from smaller animals such as insects. Such data should greatly enhance our understanding of the processes involved in the neuronal control of unrestricted behaviour. Eventually it should be possible to monitor the activity of individual units (neurones, muscles) under closed-loop conditions, which closely resemble free movement. It is to be expected that this new approach will surpass previous studies involving intact but surface-bound animals implanted with long flexible electrodes (for crickets, see Kutsch, 1969) or animals tethered in a windstream (for improvement of the flight balance device, compare Weis-Fogh, 1956, with Dombrowsky, 1991). Increased freedom has been achieved in experiments on ‘free flight’ of large insects (Möhl, 1988; Stolley, 1990), although even these animals were restricted to a short or stationary flight handicapped by several implanted flexible electrodes.
Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, Part 1 (2007)

Magnetic resonance imaging plays an integral role in the detection and characterization of marrow lesions, planning for biopsy or surgery, and post-treatment follow-up. To evaluate findings in bone marrow on MR imaging, it is essential to understand the normal composition and distribution of bone marrow and the changes in marrow that occur with age, as well as the basis for the MR signals from marrow and the factors that affect those signals. The normal distribution of red and yellow marrow in the skeleton changes with age in a predictable sequence. Important factors that affect MR signals and allow detection of marrow lesions include alterations in fat-water distribution, destruction of bony trabeculae, and contrast enhancement. This two-part article reviews and illustrates these issues, with an emphasis on the practical application of MR imaging to facilitate differentiation of normal marrow, tumor, and treatment-related marrow changes in oncology patients.
Secretome profile selection of optimal IVF embryos by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2019)

A simple, direct and rapid analysis of spent culture fluid from blastocysts at the point of embryo transfer can quickly identify optimal embryos with the best chance of achieving ongoing pregnancy. Methods like this, which take less than 20 min to perform, could dramatically improve the approach to embryo selection and live births.
Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Study of the Adsorption of Oleate/Oleic Acid onto Titania (2000)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode is used to study the nature of the adsorbed species when rutile form titania is exposed to aqueous oleate/oleic acid over a range of pH values. Any of the oleic acid dimer, the monomer, or the anion may be adsorbed, depending on the oxide sample, in particular the incidence of surface Lewis acid sites. The results suggest that oleic acid monomer can be adsorbed by coordination as a σ-bonded ligand to Ti4+ Lewis acid sites, via its carbonyl group oxygen. The oleic acid dimer appears to simultaneously coordinate to two adjacent Lewis sites via the hydroxyl oxygens. At pH 3 there is evidence that the adsorbed amphiphiles make two-point contact with the oxide surface via an interaction of the CHCH group with surface OH2+ groups.
A Novel Approach to Increase Human Islet Cell Mass While Preserving β-Cell Function (2002)

Human islet expansion in monolayer culture leads to loss of function and senescence. By maintaining the 3-D configuration of islets in fibrin gels, it is feasible to expand beta-cells in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) while preserving physiologic glucose responsiveness both in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into nude mice. Islets were cultured free floating with or without growth factors and nicotinamide and in fibrin gels with the same conditions. Proliferation was observed only in islets cultured in fibrin gels and the cocktail; total insulin increased by threefold, with a concomitant increase in beta-cell mass by morphometry. Insulin release after glucose challenge was also preserved. Islets in fibrin gels gave rise in vivo to large grafts rich in insulin and glucagon, and grafts from free-floating islets were smaller with fewer endocrine cells. Circulating human C-peptide levels were higher than in the mice receiving free-floating islets. In summary, fibrin allows for HGF-mediated cell proliferation while preserving glucose responsiveness in an environment that preserves cell-cell contacts. Limited islet ex vivo expansion under these conditions may improve recipient-donor tissue ratios to equal the functional results of whole-organ transplants.
Applying Data Mining Techniques to Direct Marketing: Challenges and Solutions (2015)

In this paper, we discuss one of the most common tasks faced by marketers when faced with resource and time constraints, namely, consumer prioritization with the objective of optimizing one or more marketing key performance indicators such as consumer conversion. A key element in building predictive models is the ability to introduce features that capture historical user behaviors in an effective manner so as to differentiate between those consumers who are most likely to convert without nurturing, those who are likely to convert with nurturing, and those who are unlikely to convert irrespective of the marketing campaign and channel to which they may be subjected. Towards this effort, we propose to use a set of dynamic features to capture consumers' engagement behaviors. Moreover, we have also applied the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to identify certain hidden customer behavior patterns and use them as additional features. Various sampling techniques are then explored and compared to address the following three most common challenges faced in dealing with marketing data: 1) severely unbalanced historical ground truth, 2) sparsity in the relevant data due to low historical response rates, and 3) high dimensional due to the large variety of campaign channels, programs or themes. To validate our approach, we conducted some preliminary experiments using real-world campaign data. The evaluation shows that the random oversampling approach has the best performance giving the largest area under the curve (AUC) and an up to 160% improvement in the lift index. Finally, we conducted a pilot with one of our clients over a period of five weeks, which aims to help prioritize the campaign contacts to its consumers in Latin America. As a result, the pilot achieved 74% and 132% of lift in terms of customer responses to phone calls and emails in the test group, as compared to those from the control group.
PASSPORT/PRISM (1991)

Considers some of the characteristics and potential problems of PASSPORT software and the PRISM service in use. Describes the system as a whole, installation including configuration and log‐on values, PASSPORT script files, and how to link a laser printer with the software in cases of difficulty.
Nontarget Markets and Viewer Distinctiveness: The Impact of Target Marketing on Advertising Attitudes (2000)

This research examines the effect of target marketing on members of the advertiser's intended audience as well as members not in the target market: the nontarget market . The results of 3 experiments show that unfavorable nontarget market effects are stronger for members of nondistinctive groups (e.g., Caucasian individuals, heterosexual individuals) and favorable target market effects are stronger for members of distinctive groups (e.g., African American individuals, homosexual individuals). The results of Experiment 2 demonstrate that the psychological processes by which target and nontarget market effects occur differ by viewer group: Felt similarity with sources in an advertisement drives target market effects for distinctive viewers, whereas felt targetedness drives target market effects for nondistinctive viewers. Finally, Experiment 3 shows that these consumer feelings of similarity or targetedness are associated with underlying processes of identification and internalization. Theoretical implications regarding the impact of distinctiveness theory in consumer persuasion effects and potential social effects of target marketing are discussed.
Roads and Motorcycling: Raising the Profile (2009)

Throughout the western world, motorcyclists, as a minority group on the roads, often don’t receive the attention amongst road designers, maintenance workers and road engineers that their crash profile suggests is required. Since 2004, VicRoads has been raising the profile of the specific, and often unique, needs of riders to facilitate safer riding. Specific hazards for motorcyclists may not be as hazardous for other road users; e.g. potholes, loose gravel on a curve, slippery or sunken pit lids, and impaired sightlines. This paper describes the approach taken by VicRoads in getting motorcycle safety “front of mind” for people involved in road design, building or maintenance, as well as the challenges faced in reaching external road managers.
Effects of facilities on Hong Kong supermarkets (1999)

Many factors can have an effect on the patronage turnover of retail stores. While there is a concentration on the more obvious aspects such as demography and site location, this paper examines the less publicised, but potentially important effects of in‐store factors. The methodology and findings of a research project encapsulating in‐store factors are discussed. It was found from the empirical evidence of the focus group, a supermarket chain in Hong Kong, that in terms of facilities, aspects of check‐out counter provision and frequency of refurbishment provided the greatest explanation for changes in patronage turnover.
Comparative evaluation of diffusion coefficients for gases and vapors of organic substances through polyethylene membranes determined by absorption and desorption upstream time lag method (1982)

The diffusion coefficients for carbon dioxide and methanol vapor through a polyethylene membrane were measured by means of absorption and desorption upstream time lag methods. A volumetric vacuum apparatus was used to perform the measurements. The diffusion coefficients determined by the two methods were similar for carbon dioxide permeating through a polyethylene membrane. but were different by a factor of about 2 for methanol vapor diffusing through the same membrane. The difference found in the latter case was caused by methanol sorption on the measuring cell walls. However, the diffusion coefficients for methanol determined by both methods became similar after introducing the necessary correction. The desorption upstream time lag method was found to be very useful, particularly when a penetrant is strongly absorbed on the measuring cell walls.