gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of thyroglobulin endocytic pathways in the control of thyroid hormone release (2000)

Thyroglobulin (Tg), the thyroid hormone precursor, is synthesized by thyrocytes and secreted into the colloid. Hormone release requires uptake of Tg by thyrocytes and degradation in lysosomes. This process must be precisely regulated. Tg uptake occurs mainly by micropinocytosis, which can result from both fluid-phase pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Because Tg is highly concentrated in the colloid, fluid-phase pinocytosis or low-affinity receptors should provide sufficient Tg uptake for hormone release; high-affinity receptors may serve to target Tg away from lysosomes, through recycling into the colloid or by transcytosis into the bloodstream. Several apical receptors have been suggested to play roles in Tg uptake and intracellular trafficking. A thyroid asialoglycoprotein receptor may internalize and recycle immature forms of Tg back to the colloid, a function also attributed to an as yet unidentified N-acetylglucosamine receptor. Megalin mediates Tg uptake by thyrocytes, especially under intense thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation, resulting in transcytosis of Tg from the colloid to the bloodstream, a function that prevents excessive hormone release.
Fabrication of a Novel Glucose Biosensor Based on a Highly Electroactive Polystyrene/Polyaniline/Au Nanocomposite (2008)

A novel nanocomposite with a core-shell structure containing polystyrene (PS), polyaniline (PANI), and Au nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cyclic voltammetric experiments indicated that the nanocomposite had excellent redox ability in a wide range of pH values. The existence of Au NPs resulted in a higher electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite. As a model, glucose oxidase (GOD) was entrapped onto the nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and applied to construct a sensor. The immobilized GOD showed a pair of well-defined redox peaks and high catalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose.
La Europa de Ratzinger (2006)

Mi conviccion es que hay algo que no puede faltar: el respeto de algo que es sagrado para otros, y el respeto a lo sagrado en general, a Dios; es un respeto perfectamente exigible incluso al que no esta dispuesto a creer en Dios. Alla donde se quiebra ese respeto, algo esencial se hunde en esa sociedad.
How to achieve 17% cell efficiencies on large back-contacted mc-Si solar cells (2006)

It is demonstrated that back-contacted PUM modules made with industrially applicable processes will result in at least 0.8% absolute higher efficiencies than modules manufactured with conventional H-pattern cells. At the cell level, this advantage is about 0.3% absolute, which is almost entirely related to the 2% larger short-circuit current of PUM cells due to less front-side metallization coverage. After interconnection and lamination, at least an additional 0.5% absolute efficiency gain for PUM was obtained because of the lower series resistance losses in the PUM concept. The more efficient current collection over the cell area and the possibility of using wider interconnection material at the rear are the reasons for the lower resistance losses. The stability of the in-line PUM process using simple belt furnaces was demonstrated on a batch of more than 350 cells. The average efficiency for PUM cells is 15.8% with a top efficiency of 16.7%
Analysis of optical bistability in a nonlinear distributively coupled resonator (1992)

A nonlinear distributively coupled resonator (NDCR) used as a bistable element is studied. The resonator is an integrated optics implementation of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator with a variable reflectivity mirror. Under certain conditions, the intensity-dependent reflectivity and tuning of the resonator contribute constructively and enhance nonlinear properties of the device. Numerical methods are used to optimize NDCR design parameters and show that the critical intensity required for onset of bistability is reduced by 30% relative to a comparable regular Fabry-Perot. Similarly, the minimum required index change is reduced by 10%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabry-Perot MEMS microspectrometers spanning the SWIR and MWIR (2007)

We have previously developed a SWIR microspectrometer based on monolithic integration of a parallel plate Micro- Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) optical filter directly with a Hg<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Te-based infrared detector. The primary technical challenge in achieving the integration of a MEMS Fabry-Perot filter with the Hg<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Te detector is to keep the processing temperature less than 150°C, as the performance of Hg<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Te based photoconductors degrade at higher process temperatures. In this work we present our results to extend the operation into the 3-5 μm (MWIR) wavelength range. For our preliminary results, the MWIR microspectrometer was based on a hybrid packaging approach, fabricating the MWIR filter separately from the Hg<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Te detector; however the key process parameters relating to temperature control were maintained during fabrication of the MWIR filter, ensuring we can migrate this technology into an integrated solution. Linewidths of 210 nm, switching times of 20 μs and a tuning range of 900 nm have been achieved. The tuning speed is limited by squeezed film damping due to the physically narrow gap (&lgr;/2) between the Fabry-Perot mirrors.
Distributed Control Patterns using Device Profile for Web Services (2008)

Automation systems are changing from the centric-controlled approach to a more flexible and autonomous behavior. The contribution to this philosophy comes from several technologies, including service-oriented concepts. This work focus on some open points of enhanced communication and control patterns and presents it in form of a multi-use communication module. For the development of such systems, the SOA4D implementation of Device Profile for Web Services (DPWS) was used. The specified communication structure that works on top of the DPWS toolkit can be integrated in software applications targeting but not limited to embedded devices. The resulting interaction patterns also establish a stronger association to real life services and define flexible communication routines between service requester and provider.
IMPACT: IMPrecise adders for low-power approximate computing (2011)

Low-power is an imperative requirement for portable multimedia devices employing various signal processing algorithms and architectures. In most multimedia applications, the final output is interpreted by human senses, which are not perfect. This fact obviates the need to produce exactly correct numerical outputs. Previous research in this context exploits error-resiliency primarily through voltage over-scaling, utilizing algorithmic and architectural techniques to mitigate the resulting errors. In this paper, we propose logic complexity reduction as an alternative approach to take advantage of the relaxation of numerical accuracy. We demonstrate this concept by proposing various imprecise or approximate Full Adder (FA) cells with reduced complexity at the transistor level, and utilize them to design approximate multi-bit adders. In addition to the inherent reduction in switched capacitance, our techniques result in significantly shorter critical paths, enabling voltage scaling. We design architectures for video and image compression algorithms using the proposed approximate arithmetic units, and evaluate them to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Post-layout simulations indicate power savings of up to 60% and area savings of up to 37% with an insignificant loss in output quality, when compared to existing implementations.
Loreclezole (R 72 063): An anticonvulsant chemically unrelated to prototype antiepileptic drugs (1990)

Abstract This study reports on the anticonvulsant profile of a chemically and pharmacologically new compound, loreclezole, as compared to prototype antiepileptics. The compound was tested in different species (mice, rats, guinea pigs, and dogs), in different seizure models, following p.o. or i.p. drug administration, and at different time intervals. Loreclezole was found to be active in a genetic model of reflex epilepsy (audiogenic seizures in mice) and in all models where seizures were elicited by chemical or electrical stimulation. In addition, loreclezole was active against both tonic (TON) and clonic (CLON) seizures and increased the threshold for behavioral as well as electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures. Loreclezole has a rapid onset of action (15 min in the quinolinic acid‐induced CLON seizures and barrel rotations) and a duration of action, in certain tests, of more than 24 hr (allylglycine test and s.c. pentylenetetrazol test in rats). There is a dissociation between the anticonvulsant doses and the induction of neurological side effects (in dogs, ratio > 25.5). Chronic administration for 5–7 days did not lead to tolerance to the anticonvulsant action of loreclezole. Also, as based on spectral map analysis, loreclezole both valproate and ethosuximide, suggesting that it might be effective against both grand mal and petit mald epilepsy.
The effect of phase and amplitude errors in FM radar (1991)

Shows that the constraints on phase and amplitude errors derived for pulse compression radars (Klauder et al., 1960) should be applied with circumspection to FM radars, and in certain cases are actually unduly pessimistic.
New Nystatin-Related Antifungal Polyene Macrolides with Altered Polyol Region Generated via Biosynthetic Engineering of Streptomyces noursei (2011)

Polyene macrolide antibiotics, including nystatin and amphotericin B, possess fungicidal activity and are being used as antifungal agents to treat both superficial and invasive fungal infections. Due to their toxicity, however, their clinical applications are relatively limited, and new-generation polyene macrolides with an improved therapeutic index are highly desirable. We subjected the polyol region of the heptaene nystatin analogue S44HP to biosynthetic engineering designed to remove and introduce hydroxyl groups in the C-9-C-10 region. This modification strategy involved inactivation of the P450 monooxygenase NysL and the dehydratase domain in module 15 (DH15) of the nystatin polyketide synthase. Subsequently, these modifications were combined with replacement of the exocyclic C-16 carboxyl with the methyl group through inactivation of the P450 monooxygenase NysN. Four new polyene macrolides with up to three chemical modifications were generated, produced at relatively high yields (up to 0.51 g/liter), purified, structurally characterized, and subjected to in vitro assays for antifungal and hemolytic activities. Introduction of a C-9 hydroxyl by DH15 inactivation also blocked NysL-catalyzed C-10 hydroxylation, and these modifications caused a drastic decrease in both antifungal and hemolytic activities of the resulting analogues. In contrast, single removal of the C-10 hydroxyl group by NysL inactivation had only a marginal effect on these activities. Results from the extended antifungal assays strongly suggested that the 9-hydroxy-10-deoxy S44HP analogues became fungistatic rather than fungicidal antibiotics.
The promoter of the human gene for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. Basal promoter activity in HEP G2 cells depends upon liver factor B1. (1990)

Characterization of the human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) promoter was initiated to facilitate study of developmental and hormonal factors regulating IGFBP-1 production. The region immediately 5' to the IGFBP-1 mRNA capsite is typical of a eukaryotic promoter, with a TATA sequence beginning 28 base pairs (bp) and a CCAAT promoter element beginning 72 bp upstream from this capsite. A 1.3-kilobase insert containing the IGFBP-1 capsite and 1205 bp of this putative IGFBP-1 promoter region directs expression of the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in an orientation-specific manner in transfected HEP G2 cells, and the capsite identified for the CAT mRNA is identical to that identified for native IGFBP-1 mRNA. These observations suggest that the 1.3-kilobase insert contains the IGFBP-1 promoter. This promoter was further characterized by deletion analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, gel mobility shift assays, and DNaseI protection assays. These studies identify the CCAAT box region as the major cis element involved in basal IGFBP-1 promoter activity in HEP G2 cells, demonstrate that increased basal promoter activity is associated with the binding of at least one HEP G2 nuclear factor to the CCAAT box region, and indicate that the DNA binding factor(s) responsible for increased basal promoter activity is related to liver factor B1. These observations suggest that liver B1 is the major trans-acting factor stimulating basal IGFBP-1 promoter activity in HEP G2 cells.
Prediction of membrane proteins based on classification of transmembrane segments (1998)

The number of transmembrane segments often corresponds to a structural or functional class of membrane proteins such as to seven-transmembrane receptors and six-transmembrane ion channels. We have developed a new prediction method to detect the membrane protein class that is defined by the number of transmembrane segments, as well as to locate the transmembrane segments in the amino acid sequence. Each membrane protein class is represented by a model of ordering different types of transmembrane segments. Specifically, we have classified the transmembrane segments in known membrane proteins into five groups (types) using the Mahalanobis distance with the average hydrophobicity and the periodicity of hydrophobicity as a measure of similarity. The discriminant functions derived for these groups were then used to detect transmembrane segments and to match with the models for one- to fourteen-spanning membrane proteins and for globular proteins. Using the test data set of 89 membrane proteins whose transmembrane positions are known by experimental evidence, 61.8% of the proteins and 85.1% of the transmembrane segments were correctly predicted. Because of the new feature to predict membrane protein classes, the method should be useful in the functional assignment of genomic sequences.
A 6b 46GS/s ADC with &#x003E;23GHz BW and sparkle-code error correction (2015)

This paper presents a 6b 46GS/s 72-way hierarchically time-interleaved asynchronous SAR ADC utilizing cascode samplers to achieve >23GHz BW. A back-end meta-stability correction circuit enables sparkle-code error-free operation over 1e10 samples. The 28nm FDSOI ADC achieves 27dB SNDR (low frequency)/25.2dB (at 23.5GHz) while consuming 381mW from 1.05V/1.6V supplies and occupies 0.14mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Femoral Windows in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (1993)

In 21 revision total hip arthroplasties (THA), a 2-5-cm window was cut into the anterolateral cortex of the femur, and the cement distal to the window was removed under direct vision. In each case, a cemented THA was revised to a noncemented implant that bypassed the window by at least two femur diameters. The section of cortical bone was replaced; autogeneic bone graft was applied to the osteotomy site, and cerclage wires were used to hold the window in place. Postoperatively, all patients were maintained at partial weight-bearing (touchdown) for six weeks and then advanced as they were able. The mean follow-up time in this series was 22 months. Access to the femoral cement was greatly facilitated by the use of a femoral window. There were no intraoperative femoral fractures or inadvertent femoral perforations during cement removal. The mean healing time for the windows was 17 weeks. There was no association of femoral thigh pain or implant loosening with femoral windows. The windows heal rapidly and have not been associated with perioperative femoral fractures.
A graphene based tunable terahertz sensor with double Fano resonances (2015)

We propose an ultrasensitive terahertz (THz) sensor consisting of a subwavelength graphene disk and an annular gold ring within a unit cell. The interference between the resonances arising from the graphene disk and the gold ring gives rise to Fano type resonances and enables ultrasensitive sensing. Our full wave electromagnetic simulations show frequency sensitivity as high as 1.9082 THz per refractive index unit (RIU) and a figure of merit (FOM) of 6.5662. Furthermore, the sensing range can be actively tuned by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene.
New forms and species of the genus Catasticta. II (1939)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Controlling adsorbate vibrational lifetimes using superlattices (2001)

We propose using short-period superlattices as substrates to control the vibrational relaxation dynamics of adsorbate overlayers. The mass modulation of superlattices creates both band gaps and large spectral enhancements in the phonon density of states. These modifications can dramatically alter the coupling between vibrational modes of the adsorbate overlayer and the substrate lattice, thereby significantly affecting the lifetime of adsorbate modes.
Enantioselective Fluorescence Sensing of Chiral α-Amino Alcohols (2008)

1,8-Bis(3-tert-butyl-9-acridyl)naphthalene N, N'-dioxide, 1, has been synthesized in five steps from 3-tert-butylaniline and 2-chlorobenzoic acid in 29% overall yield. This C 2-symmetric ligand forms a highly fluorescent scandium complex that can be used for enantioselective sensing of chiral amino alcohols. A fluorescence ligand displacement assay that allows accurate measurements of both the total amount and the enantiomeric excess of several amino alcohols at micromolar concentrations is reported.
Alternatively spliced tenascin-C mRNA isoforms in human fetal membranes (1999)

Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein whose monomers include eight consecutive fibronectin type III-like repeats, encoded by exons 10-16, and which are subject to alternative splicing. Transcripts containing these exons are expressed during tissue wounding and active tissue remodelling. Human fetal membranes have been proposed to undergo active tissue remodelling as part of the mechanisms leading to their rupture and immunoreactive tenascin-C has been detected in this tissue. Employing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and exon-specific primers, products corresponding to multiple splicing events in the alternatively spliced region have now been identified. The overall splicing pattern would indicate that the major transcripts correspond to complete exclusion of the alternatively spliced region; inclusion of only exon 16; and inclusion of exons 10-14 and 16, including or excluding exon 12. The sole site in tenascin-C susceptible to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-3 is found within the exon 12 encoded repeat, therefore translation of isoforms which include or exclude exon 12 may produce 'large' tenascins mediating functions ascribed to this form but susceptible or resistant to these MMPs. The demonstration of expression of 'large' tenascin mRNA isoforms supports the concept that fetal membranes at term are a site of active tissue remodelling.
Advanced interaction with mobile projection interfaces (2011)

Through the increasing miniaturization of projection units the integration of such units in everyday-life objects is now possible. Even though these so called pico-projectors are already getting integrated into mobile devices like phones or digital cameras, comparably little research has been conducted to empower these devices to their full capabilities. I outline my previous and current work towards an interface design and a privacy framework that will facilitate mobile projection devices to be part in people's everyday-life. In particular my work is divided into two directions, on the one hand the development of a single-user scenario interface and on the other hand a framework to cope with privacy issues. This will allow the deeper exploitation of the capabilities of mobile projection units for a variety of everyday tasks.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of Hydride Transfer in Strong Acids. (1986)

Abstract Adamantane and its derivatives (I) are employed as hydride transfer catalysts in the isomerization oÜ‐methylpentane to 2‐methylpentane in conc.
Reasonable Design Space Approach to Response Surface Approximation (1999)

Response surface approximations have become very popular as a tool for multidisciplinary optimization. However, the accuracy of these models is a major concern. One method to increase the accuracy of response surface approximations is to construct them only for the portion of the design space that represents reasonable designs. Our paper describes the methodology underlying this reasonable design space approach. This methodology is illustrated using two examples involving multidisciplinary optimization of a high-speed civil transport model. In these examples, low-fidelity analyses are used to estimate the boundary of the reasonable design space. Within the reasonable design space, response surface models are constructed, based on results from higher-fidelity analyses. The accuracy of the response surface models created with and without using the reasonable design space approach is compared, and the advantages of employing response surface models created via the reasonable design space approach are demonstrated.
A Bayesian approach to clustering and classification (2002)

The author describes a classification approach and associated algorithms designed for use with continuous but non-Gaussian data. The probability density function for each class is modeled as a mixture of Gaussian distributions. The clustering algorithm estimates the means the covariances of the component Gaussian distributions for each class. A classification rule based on the mixture model is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Configurations everywhere: implications for testing and debugging in practice (2014)

Many industrial systems are highly-configurable, complicating the testing and debugging process. While researchers have developed techniques to statically extract, quantify and manipulate the valid system configurations, we conjecture that many of these techniques will fail in practice. In this paper we analyze a highly-configurable industrial application and two open source applications in order to quantify the true challenges that configurability creates for software testing and debugging. We find that (1) all three applications consist of multiple programming languages, hence static analyses need to cross programming language barriers to work, (2) there are many access points and methods to modify configurations, implying that practitioners need configuration traceability and should gather and merge metadata from more than one source and (3) the configuration state of an application on failure cannot be reliably determined by reading persistent data; a runtime memory dump or other heuristics must be used for accurate debugging. We conclude with a roadmap and lessons learned to help practitioners better handle configurability now, and that may lead to new configuration-aware testing and debugging techniques in the future.
A survey SCADA of and critical infrastructure incidents (2012)

In this paper, we analyze several cyber-security incidents involving critical infrastructure and SCADA systems. We classify these incidents based on Source Sector, Method of Operations, Impact, and Target Sector. Using this standardized taxonomy we can easily compare and contrast current and future SCADA incidents.