gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in Routine Cultures of Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2011)

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but detection generally requires specialized cultures for acid-fast bacilli (AFB; AFB cultures). We determined that RGM could be recovered from routine cultures of samples from patients with CF by extending incubation of the Burkholderia cepacia selective agar (BCSA) from 5 to 14 days. To explore the impact of this modification, we compared results from routine and AFB cultures of samples from CF patients for 2 years before (4,212 samples by routine culture, 1,810 samples by AFB culture, 670 patients) and 2 years after (4,720 samples by routine culture, 2,179 samples by AFB culture, 695 patients) the change. Clinical relevance was assessed with samples from a subgroup of 340 patients followed regularly throughout both periods. Extending incubation of BCSA enhanced RGM recovery from routine cultures (0.7% before, 2.8% after; P < 0.001); recovery from AFB cultures was unchanged (5.5% before, 5.7% after). Estimates of RGM detection sensitivity by culture or patient-based methods ranged from ∼65 to 75% for routine cultures (nonsignificantly lower than the ∼80 to 85% for AFB cultures) and were adversely affected by coculture with mold or nonpseudomonal, nonfermenting Gram-negative rods. In the after period, 16 CF patients met the criteria for RGM infection by routine culture, including 4 who did not meet the criteria for RGM infection by AFB culture. We conclude that a simple methodological change enhanced recovery of RGM from routine cultures. The modified culture method could be utilized to improve screening for RGM in CF patients or as a simpler method to follow patients with known RGM infection. However, this method should be used cautiously in patients with certain coinfections.
High thermal stability of magnetic tunnel junctions with oxide diffusion barrier layers (2004)

We developed two types of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) that showed high thermal stability. One is a PtMn exchange-biased spin-valve MTJ with a CoFe/Al-oxide (AlOx)/NiFe free layer and a CoFeTaOx/CoFe pinned layer, and the other is a pseudo-spin-valve (PSV) MTJ with a CoFe/AlOx/NiFe soft layer, where AlOx and CoFeTaOx act as barriers for Ni and Mn diffusion toward the tunnel barrier, respectively. After 390 °C-1H annealing, the PSV MTJs maintained 28% and the SV MTJs 39% of tunnel magnetoresistance. Transmission electron microscopy observation of the SV MTJs after 380 °C-1H annealing revealed that the migrated Mn atoms were trapped at the CoFeTaOx layer.
Therapy mediated by mitophagy abrogates tumor progression (2011)

Autophagy is mainly a cellular recycling process that promotes survival, but it can also cause cell death if cell injury persists. The role of mitophagy in tumorigenesis remains uncertain. Other cell death types, such as apoptosis or necrosis, are often altered during tumor development and therefore are not ideal targets to generate efficient antitumor therapies. We have used the system linamarase/linamarin/glucose oxidase (lis/lin/GO) to eliminate tumor cells. This therapeutic strategy is based on the combination of cyanide and oxidative stress to abrogate tumor growth. After severe mitochondrial insult by lis/lin/GO, the electron transport chain is blocked and hydrogen peroxide production increased. This triggers a degradative phase of these damaged organelles inducing mitophagy that finally leads to cell death. This death process depends on the vacuole generation, BNIp3 and the formation of autolysosomes. Importantly, evasion of apoptosis is known to result in resistance to anti-cancer therapies but this inhibition also augments sensitivity to autophagy, which could be used to promote tumor regression. We explored the potential of this powerful mitophagy-inducing system in vitro and in vivo to eradicate human malignant tumors.
Review of the Performance of the Artificial Floating Island as a Restoration Tool for Aquatic Environments (2008)

Artificial Floating Islands (AFIs) are vegetated floating platforms used in lakes, ponds and reservoirs to enhance the aquatic environment. AFIs have four functions: 1) water purification, 2) habitat enhancement, 3) shoreline erosion protection, and 4) improved landscape features. This paper reviews the performance of AFI. Although AFI can be found in many countries (e.g. China, England, Germany, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) they are most prevalent in Japan where more than 70,000 m2 of AFI structures exist. AFI provides critical habitat for birds and provide important substrate for spawning fish. However, water quality enhancement is their most important feature, especially in Asia where their installation over large surface areas (10 to 30%) of lakes and reservoirs help mitigate the effects of eutrophication. Their shade helps to decrease phytoplankton, while their vegetation helps in nitrogen reduction. The crucial advantages of AFIs are that they float and adapt to water level fluctuations in reservoirs and the reduce predation risks by providing safe, inaccessible refuges for nesting birds.
Limited-Feedback Precoding for Closed-Loop Multiuser MIMO OFDM Systems with Frequency Offsets (2008)

Frequency offsets negatively impact the performance of closed-loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Particularly, when multiple users are active, the impact can be high. Linear precoding and non-linear Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) are thus developed for spatially-multiplexed multiuser OFDM and orthogonal space-time block-coded (OSTBC) OFDM. The proposed precoders employ a limited feedback structure, which is implemented with a shared codebook of precoding matrices, and only the index of the selected optimal matrix is fed back to the transmitter. The conventional limited feedback design criterion for flat-fading MIMO channels is only applicable to single-user OFDM without frequency offsets. We show that the ICI matrix due to frequency offset does not impact users precoding individually, and precoding on a per-subcarrier basis is possible. Exploiting this property, the conventional design is generalized to multiuser OFDM with frequency offsets. Nonlinear precoding uses a modulo arithmetic precoding matrix (which reduces the power efficiency loss inherent in linear precoding and leads to a lower error rate) and outperforms linear precoding. Our precoders not only offer significant bit error rate (BER) improvement for spatially-multiplexed multiuser MIMO OFDM with frequency offsets, but are equally effective for both OSTBC MIMO OFDM and spatially correlated channels.
Differential expression of specific cytokeratin polypeptides in the basal and luminal epithelia of the human prostate (1991)

The purpose of the present study was to identify cytokeratin polypeptides that are specifically associated with the basal and luminal epithelia of the human prostate. This aim was accomplished by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis of human prostate using cytokeratin-specific monoclonal antibodies. In immunohistochemical studies, monoclonal anticytokeratin 8.12 exhibited immunoreactivity with the basal, but not luminal, epithelial cells of fetal, juvenile, normal adult, and hyperplastic prostate. The 8.12 antibody did not stain prostate cancer tissues. Epithelia of 30 and 36 week fetal prostate contained only basal cells whereas both luminal and basal cells were noted in 7 month and 1 year old juvenile prostate. This finding suggests a stem cell function for the prostatic basal cells. Immunoblot analysis of proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that cytokeratins 5 and 15 were basal-cell-specific cytokeratins that were absent from prostatic carcinoma while cytokeratins 8 and 18 appear to be luminal-cell-specific. These results indicate that antibodies to specific cytokeratin polypeptides can be used not only to differentiate between prostatic basal and luminal cells but also to study the biological processes of prostatic organogenesis and carcinogenesis.
Transmission and passage of experimenal "kuru" to chimpanzees. (1967)

Kuru, a familial degenerative disease of the nervous system occurring in a restricted area of the Highlands of New Guinea, has apparently been transmitted to chimpanzees, but not to any other of the many experimental hosts tried. Transmission of the kuru syndrome from chimpanzee to chimpanzee has now been effected, with a shortening of the incubation period to 1 year from the 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 years found on intracerebral passage of human brain tissue to chimpanzee. Other chimpanzees have been inoculated to determine the size and heat stability of the agent, its presence outside the nervous system, and its pathogenicity by other routes of inoculation.
Presence service integration using interconnected IP multimedia core networks (IM-CN) (2009)

This paper describes the integration of the presence management service into existing IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) laboratory infrastructures. Both laboratories - NGNlab in Bratislava and the laboratory in Leipzig - use the Fraunhofer OpenIMS as core components for their testing IMS environment (i.e. Call Session Control Functions (CSCF), Home Subscriber Server (HSS)). The virtualization of these components will be described in this paper. Furthermore, the layer 3 interconnection and hence the possibility to share different applications between the locations will be discussed. The presence management service has been deployed in a state where it is ready to be used with current IMS clients, for both presence information sharing via the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and user authorization via Extended Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP).
The genetics and molecular biology of colorectal cancer. (1991)

Progress has continued in explicating the genetics of inherited predispositions to colorectal cancer and the molecular events that lead to tumorigenesis. New polymorphic DNA markers have been described for the presymptomatic diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis and a candidate gene has been characterized. Pedigree studies have suggested that there may be an inherited predisposition to many apparently nonfamilial colorectal cancers and a genetic model of tumorigenesis in common colorectal cancer has been proposed that includes the activation of dominantly acting oncogenes and the inactivation of growth suppressor genes. Two features of colorectal cancer make it a particularly good model for studying neoplasia. There are several well-defined rare inherited syndromes that predispose to the development of colorectal cancer in an autosomal dominant manner, and the majority of carcinomas are thought to arise from preexisting benign adenomatous polyps, allowing the analysis of genetic changes during tumorigenesis.
China in Africa: Curing the Resource Curse with Infrastructure and Modernization (2012)

This article will examine what an increase in Chinese investment means for the African continent. Part II examines what is meant by “sustainable development” and considers how it can be achieved. Part III details China’s investments in Africa: its history, recent growth, and areas of focus. Finally, part IV returns to the question of how Chinese investment may influence African development.
Microfluidics-Based Lab-on-Chip Systems in DNA-Based Biosensing: An Overview (2011)

Microfluidics-based lab-on-chip (LOC) systems are an active research area that is revolutionising high-throughput sequencing for the fast, sensitive and accurate detection of a variety of pathogens. LOCs also serve as portable diagnostic tools. The devices provide optimum control of nanolitre volumes of fluids and integrate various bioassay operations that allow the devices to rapidly sense pathogenic threat agents for environmental monitoring. LOC systems, such as microfluidic biochips, offer advantages compared to conventional identification procedures that are tedious, expensive and time consuming. This paper aims to provide a broad overview of the need for devices that are easy to operate, sensitive, fast, portable and sufficiently reliable to be used as complementary tools for the control of pathogenic agents that damage the environment.
Adenosine stimulates Cl<sup>−</sup>channels of nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells (1997)

Ciliary epithelial cells possess multiple purinergic receptors, and occupancy of A1 and A2 adenosine receptors is associated with opposing effects on intraocular pressure. Aqueous adenosine produced increases in short-circuit current across rabbit ciliary epithelium, blocked by removing Cl- and enhanced by aqueous Ba2+. Adenosine's actions were further studied with nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells from continuous human HCE and ODM lines and freshly dissected bovine cells. With gramicidin present, adenosine (> or = 3 microM) triggered isosmotic shrinkage of the human NPE cells, which was inhibited by the Cl- channel blockers 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate (NPPB) and niflumic acid. At 10 microM, the nonmetabolizable analog 2-chloroadenosine and AMP also produced shrinkage, but not inosine, UTP, or ATP. 2-Chloroadenosine (> or = 1 microM) triggered increases of whole cell currents in HCE cells, which were partially reversible, Cl- dependent, and reversibly inhibited by NPPB. Adenosine (> or = 10 microM) also stimulated whole cell currents in bovine NPE cells. We conclude that occupancy of adenosine receptors stimulates Cl- secretion in mammalian NPE cells.
Bioavailability of solid and non‐aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)‐dissolved phenanthrene to the biosurfactant‐producing bacterium <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 19SJ (2001)

The biodegradation of phenanthrene by the biosurfactant-producing strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19SJ was investigated in experiments with the compound present either as crystals or dissolved in non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Growth on solid phenanthrene exhibited an initial phase not limited by dissolution rate and a subsequent, carbon-limited phase caused by exhaustion of the carbon source. Rhamnolipid biosurfactants were produced from solid phenanthrene and appeared in solution and particulate material (cells and phenanthrene crystals). During the carbon-limited phase, the concentration of rhamnolipids detected in culture exceeded the critical micelle concentration (CMC) determined with purified rhamnolipids. The biosurfactants caused a significant increase in dissolution rate and pseudosolubility of phenanthrene, but only at concentrations above the CMC. Externally added rhamnolipids at a concentration higher than the CMC increased the biodegradation rate of solid phenanthrene. Mineralization curves of low concentrations of phenanthrene initially dissolved in two NAPLs [2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate] were S-shaped, although no growth was observed in the population of suspended bacteria. Biosurfactants were not detected in solution under these conditions. The observed mineralization was attributed not only to suspended bacteria, but also to bacterial populations growing at the NAPL-water interface, mineralizing the compound at higher rates than predicted by abiotic partitioning. We suggest that rhamnolipid production and attachment increased the bioavailability of phenanthrene, so promoting biodegradation activity.
Theoretic Basis and Technical Implementations of CT Perfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke, Part 2: Technical Implementations (2009)

CT perfusion (CTP) is a functional imaging technique that provides important information about capillary-level hemodynamics of the brain parenchyma and is a natural complement to the strengths of unenhanced CT and CT angiography in the evaluation of acute stroke, vasospasm, and other neurovascular disorders. CTP is critical in determining the extent of irreversibly infarcted brain tissue (infarct "core") and the severely ischemic but potentially salvageable tissue ("penumbra"). This is achieved by generating parametric maps of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time.
Promotion of Neuronal Survival by GM1 Ganglioside: Phenomenology and Mechanism of Action (1998)

The purpose of this article is to review recent findings regarding the mechanisms by which GM1 may mimic or potentiate certain actions of neurotrophic factors, including promotion of neuronal survival. It is proposed that the neuroprotective activity of GM1 is due, at least in part, to its ability to favor the dimerization of neurotrophic factor tyrosine kinases and thereby mimicking the action of their corresponding ligands. This may manifest both in the absence of ligand (thereby triggering a subset of neurotrophic-factor responses such as prevention of apoptosis) and in the presence of ligand (thereby potentiating responses to neurotrophic factors).
Smart Part with Internet of Things Technology (2012)

With China's rapid economic development, electricity as one of the major energy demand gradually increased. Lots of energy were waste because of wide spread chaotic energy management. In order to solved this problem, in this paper a general schematic of intelligent node was proposed. Smart LED light and wisdom lamp socket were designed, which was been used in indoor public lighting control. A topology diagram was given with smart parts of public lighting, which was used to transformation a traditional public lighting circuit structure. Practice shows the transformed public lighting which control more flexible and smart than the old one, and reduce the power loss save 15.9% electricity costs. Equipment maintenance costs significantly reduce, the rate of fault found timely increased substantially.
A method to define an Enterprise Architecture using the Zachman Framework (2004)

The proliferation of IT and its consequent dispersion is an enterprise reality, however, most organizations do not have adequate tools and/or methodologies that enable the management and coordination of their Information Systems. The Zachman Framework provides a structured way for any organization to acquire the necessary knowledge about itself with respect to the Enterprise Architecture. Zachman proposes a logical structure for classifying and organizing the descriptive representations of an enterprise, in different dimensions, and each dimension can be perceived in different perspectives.In this paper, we propose a method for achieving an Enterprise Architecture Framework, based on the Zachman Framework Business and IS perspectives, that defines the several artifacts for each cell, and a method which defines the sequence of filling up each cell in a top-down and incremental approach. We also present a tool developed for the purpose of supporting the Zachman Framework concepts. The tool: (i) behaves as an information repository for the framework's concepts; (ii) produces the proposed artifacts that represent each cell contents, (iii) allows multi-dimensional analysis among cell's elements, which is concerned with perspectives (rows) and/or dimensions (columns) dependency; and (iv) finally, evaluate the integrity, dependency and, business and information systems alignment level, through the answers defined for each framework dimension.
Hybrid Multicomponent Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2008)

Artificial ECMs that not only closely mimic the hybrid nature of the natural ECM but also provide tunable material properties and enhanced biological functions are attractive candidates for tissue engineering applications. This review summarizes recent advances in developing multicomponent hybrid hydrogels by integrating modular and heterogeneous building blocks into well-defined, multifunctional hydrogel composites. The individual building blocks can be chemically, morphologically, and functionally diverse, and the hybridization can occur at molecular level or microscopic scale. The modular nature of the designs, combined with the potential synergistic effects of the hybrid systems, has resulted in novel hydrogel matrices with robust structure and defined functions.
Techniques for Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rates of Hepatocytes during Attachment and Post-Attachment (1996)

Three techniques for measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cultured cells relevant to the development of bioartificial liver devices are reported. In an oxystat apparatus, HepG2 cells immobilised on Cytodex 3 microcarriers at a concentration of 10(6) cells ml-1 had a mean OCR of 0.7 nmol s-1/10(6) cells. The OCR decreased with increasing cell density, a characteristic previously reported for other cell lines. Rat hepatocytes immobilised on single collagen layers in a flow cell and challenged with ammonia had a mean OCR of 0.59 nmol s-1/10(6) cells. A novel two-compartment oxystat system was used to determine the OCR of rat hepatocytes during the attachment phase. OCR declined from 1.0 nmol s-1/10(6) immediately after seeding to 0.7 nmol s-1/10(6) cells at nine hours. The low OCR for HepG2 reflects loss of certain oxygen dependent metabolic pathways. The OCR measured for rat hepatocytes during and post-attachment are significantly higher than those reported elsewhere and have major implications for the development of bioartificial liver devices.
Chlorinations of Trimers of Isobutyraldehyde and α-Chloroisobutyraldehyde (1967)

イソブチルアルデヒドとα-クロルイソブチルアルデヒドのトリマーを調製し,その塩素化反応を検討した。これらのトリマーはトリマー化触媒存在下,加熱によりモノマーへ分解した。イソブチルアルデヒドトリマーを塩素化すると無触媒でもモノマーへの分解が起こり,α-クロルイソブテルアルデヒドが生成した。α-クロルイソブチルアルデヒドトリマーは分解触媒を用いて塩素化した場合にのみモノマーへの倉解が起こり,α-クロルイソ酪酸塩化物が生成した。α-クロルイソブチルアルデヒドを塩素化し,転化率30%のところで未反応アルデヒドをトリマーとして回収した(回収率,約75%)。イソブチルアルデヒドの塩素化によりα-クロルイソ酪酸塩化物を合成する場合,収率の向上にはトリマー化による未反応物質の回収,再使用が有効であると思われた。
Silica cladded Nd^3+:YAG single crystal core optical fiber and its submicron residual stress detection (2014)

A Nd3+:YAG single crystal core optical fiber waveguide was successfully fabricated by the sapphire tube-assisted CO2 laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique with decent quality. Furthermore, a stress detection (mapping) technique with submicron spatial resolution was demonstrated with Nd3+ as distributive stress detection probe and scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM) as detection tool.
Endothelin-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion liver injury by hepatic microcirculatory disturbances (1994)

Hepatic microcirculatory perturbation is observed after ischemia/reperfusion. Endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is known to modulate local circulation. This study was designed to examine whether endothelin-1 participates in the mechanism of microcirculatory disturbance and damage of the liver after ischemia/reperfusion. Ischemia in the median and left lateral lobes of the liver was induced for 60 min; it was followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. In some rats, endothelin-1 antiserum or control serum without endothelin-1-blocking activity was administered intravenously just before reperfusion. Rats were divided into three groups: an ischemia/reperfusion group that was injected with control serum, an endothelin-1 antiserum-treated group and a sham-operated group. Endothelin-1 concentrations in blood collected from the suprahepatic vena cava were measured before and after ischemia/reperfusion by use of a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Index of blood volume in regional hepatic tissue and index of blood oxygenation in regional hepatic tissue were assessed with an organ reflectance spectrophotometry system before and at 5 min and 1, 2, and 24 hr after reperfusion. The endothelin-1 concentration in the ischemia/reperfusion group started to rise immediately at onset of reperfusion from basal values around 1 pg/ml and reached a value of 5 to 6 pg/ml 5 min after reperfusion; it was maintained at significantly high levels during the reperfusion period compared with the sham-operated group. Hepatic microcirculatory disturbance indicated by lowered index of blood volume in regional hepatic tissue and index of blood oxygenation in regional hepatic tissue levels was observed in the early phase of reperfusion in the ischemia/reperfusion group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)