gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning in Application Security (2017)

Security threat landscape has transformed drastically over a period of time. Right from viruses, trojans and Denial of Service (DoS) to the newborn malicious family of ransomware, phishing, distributed DoS, and so on, there is no stoppage. The phenomenal transformation has led the attackers to have a new strategy born in their attack vector methodology making it more targeted—a direct aim towards the weakest link in the security chain aka humans. When we talk about humans, the first thing that comes to an attacker's mind is applications. Traditional signature‐based techniques are inadequate for rising attacks and threats that are evolving in the application layer. They serve as good defences for protecting the organisations from perimeter and endpoint‐driven attacks, but what needs to be focused and analysed is right at the application layer where such defences fail. Protecting web applications has its unique challenges in identifying malicious user behavioural patterns being converted into a compromise. Thus, there is a need to look at a dynamic and signature‐independent model of identifying such malicious usage patterns within applications. In this chapter, the authors have explained on the technical aspects of integrating machine learning within applications in detecting malicious user behavioural pattern.
Spectrophotometric determination of the critical micelle concentration of some alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides using fluorescein (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric determination of the critical micelle concentration of some alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides using fluoresceinJohn W. Ledbetter and James R. BowenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 10, 1345–1347Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60279a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60279a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views803Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of renal cell carcinoma antigen, disialylgalactosylgloboside, with c-Src and Rho A in clustered domains at the surface membrane. (2000)

Disialylgalactosylgloboside (DSGG), defined by monoclonal antibody RM2, is a renal cell carcinoma (RCC)-associated antigen which mediates adhesion of RCC TOS-1 cells to certain lung tissue target cells. This adhesion process may initiate preferential lung metastasis of RCC. Ganglioside GM3 is a B16 melanoma-associated antigen which similarly adheres to target cells and promotes consequent metastasis. In view of the close association of GM3-enriched microdomain with transducer molecules c-Src, Rho A, and FAK in B16 cells, we investigated the organizational status of DSGG in RCC cell line TOS-1, with the following results: i) DSGG, but not monosialylgalactosylgloboside, showed extensive clustering at the TOS-1 cell surface; ii) a low-density membrane fraction isolated from TOS-1 cells contained >95% of cellular DSGG, although protein content in this fraction was <1% of total cellular protein; iii) this fraction contained c-Src, Rho A, and FAK, but not H-Ras; iv) c-Src and Rho A were co-immunoprecipitated with DSGG through anti-DSGG mAb RM2 (IgM) affixed to a column. These observations indicate that DSGG is clustered in RCC, as typified by TOS-1 cells, to form a microdomain in which it is closely associated with c-Src, Rho A, and FAK, and may constitute a functional unit as has been observed for GM3 with transducer molecules in B16 cells. The functional organization of such units may be essential in determining malignant properties of RCC cells.
Gadolinium(III)-Incorporated Nanosized Mesoporous Silica as Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (2004)

A new class of potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents with nanosized mesoporous silica as the metal carrier is reported. Gadolinium-incorporated mesoporous silicas were synthesized by using long-chain surfactant as a template. The products were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption−desorption isotherms, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 29Si-MAS NMR, and proton relaxivity. The materials showed much higher relaxivities, r1 and r2, than Gd-DTPA. The particles are nanosized and can enter cells easily. This is a completely novel biomedical application of mesoporous silica materials.
Osmotic stress‐coupled maintenance of polar growth in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2002)

Free-living cells monitor extracellular 'osmotic strength' and respond metabolically to offset unfavourable osmotic intracellular solute concentrations. Here, we report the reconstruction of the Aspergillus nidulans salt stress-controlling MAP kinase pathway, based on homology analysis with known yeast genes. In A. nidulans, salt stress HOG genes, such as pbsA, hogA, ptpA and msnA, are upregulated when exposed to high concentrations of salt and, in a hogA deletion mutant (SIK1), the accumulation of pbsA is strongly reduced, suggesting a salt-specific feedback induction mechanism. Growth of SIK1 appears to be unchanged in unstressed cells, but hyphal extension rates are reduced by as much as 60% in the presence of salt. Microscopic observation revealed abnormal hyperbranched hyphal tips, disproportionate accumulation of nuclei and absence of septa. Thus, the inability to maintain turgor pressure depresses cell expansion and results in slower volume increases. In addition, SIK1 fails to partition the apical cell; thus, nuclei are not likely to arrest mitosis in interphase as in normal cells, but continue to divide, accumulating to high levels.
An enhanced random early marking algorithm for Internet flow control (2002)

We propose an optimization based flow control for the Internet called random early marking (REM). In this paper we propose and evaluate an enhancement that attempts to speed up the convergence of REM in the face of large feedback delays. REM can be regarded as an implementation of an optimization algorithm in a distributed network. The basic idea is to treat the optimization algorithm as a discrete time system and apply linear control techniques to stabilize its transient. We show that the modified algorithm is stable globally and converges exponentially locally. This algorithm translates into an enhanced REM scheme and we illustrate the performance improvement through simulation.
MEF2C Phosphorylation Is Required for Chemotherapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2018)

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chemotherapy resistance remains prevalent and poorly understood. Using functional proteomics of patient AML specimens, we identified MEF2C S222 phosphorylation as a specific marker of primary chemoresistance. We found that <i>Mef2c<sup>S222A/S222A</sup></i> knock-in mutant mice engineered to block MEF2C phosphorylation exhibited normal hematopoiesis, but were resistant to leukemogenesis induced by <i>MLL-AF9</i> MEF2C phosphorylation was required for leukemia stem cell maintenance and induced by MARK kinases in cells. Treatment with the selective MARK/SIK inhibitor MRT199665 caused apoptosis and conferred chemosensitivity in MEF2C-activated human AML cell lines and primary patient specimens, but not those lacking MEF2C phosphorylation. These findings identify kinase-dependent dysregulation of transcription factor control as a determinant of therapy response in AML, with immediate potential for improved diagnosis and therapy for this disease.<b>Significance:</b> Functional proteomics identifies phosphorylation of MEF2C in the majority of primary chemotherapy-resistant AML. Kinase-dependent dysregulation of this transcription factor confers susceptibility to MARK/SIK kinase inhibition in preclinical models, substantiating its clinical investigation for improved diagnosis and therapy of AML. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(4); 478-97. ©2018 AACR.</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 371</i>.
IDRM: Inter-Domain Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2021)

Inter-domain routing is an important component to allow interoperation among heterogeneous network domains operated by different organizations. Although inter-domain routing has been extensively studied in the Internet, it remains relatively unexplored in the Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) space. In MANETs, the inter-domain routing problem is challenged by: (1) dynamic network topology, and (2) diverse intra-domain ad hoc routing protocols. In this paper, we propose a networking protocol called IDRM (Inter-Domain Routing Protocol for MANETs) to enable interoperation among MANETs. IDRM can handle the dynamic nature of MANETs and support policy-based routing similarly to BGP. We first discuss the design challenges for inter-domain routing in MANETs, and then present the design of IDRM with illustrative examples. Finally, we present a simulation-based study to understand the operational effectiveness of inter-domain routing and show that the overhead of IDRM is moderate.
New Theoretical Expressions for Predicting Shielding Effectiveness for the Plane Shield Case (1968)

The problem of the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of a thin, plane metal sheet of infinite extent on the electromagnetic field generated by a circular loop field source with uniform current I is solved by application of the quasi-near and near field approximations to the exact integral expressions. The results are shown to be in close agreement with experimental data as well as numerical integration results. Also, they are similar to the results obtained from the plane wave shielding theory of Schelkunoff.
[The effect of fever on blood oxygen saturation in children]. (2015)

Fever in children is associated with decreased SO2. This decrease is not clinically significant in patients with normal baseline SO2. Calculation reveals that in patients with baseline SO2 close to the steep region of the ODC, the same increase of body temperature will cause a significantly greater decrease in SO2. In patients with a baseline SO2 of 91% at body temperature of 370.00C, an increase in body temperature to 400.00C is anticipated to cause a 5% decrease in SO2. This decrease has major potential implications concerning treatment decisions.
Deficiency of the homologous restriction factor in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. (1987)

The affected E of two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) were enriched by lysing the unaffected, normal E with anti-human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and guinea pig serum. The membranes of the unlysed, DAF-deficient cells (PNH-E) were dissolved and examined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using an antiserum to homologous restriction factor (HRF). Whereas the 65 kD complement regulatory protein was readily detectable in the normal controls, it was completely lacking in both samples of PNH-E membranes. Functional studies likewise indicated the absence of HRF activity from PNH-E. When radiolabeled, isolated HRF protein was offered to PNH-E, it became firmly attached to the cell. Approximately 1,000 molecules of HRF per cell reduced the characteristic susceptibility of these cells to reactive lysis by C5b-9 to nearly normal levels. The results suggest that HRF, which is known to control the action of C8 and C9 on normal human E membranes, is deficient in PNH, as well as acetylcholinesterase and DAF.
Phototherapy causes DNA damage in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in term infants (2008)

Both conventional phototherapy and intensive phototherapy cause endogenous mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage in jaundiced term infants.
<i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>and Its Relationship to Initiation of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis: Longitudinal Cohort Study of Initially Healthy Adolescents (2007)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is frequently associated with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP); however, longitudinal cohort studies relating A. actinomycetemcomitans to initiation of LAP have not been reported. A periodontal assessment was performed on 1,075 primarily African-American and Hispanic schoolchildren, ages 11 to 17 years. Samples were taken from each child for A. actinomycetemcomitans. A cohort of 96 students was established that included a test group of 38 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive students (36 periodontally healthy and 2 with periodontal pockets) and 58 healthy A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative controls. All clinical and microbiological procedures were repeated at 6-month intervals. Bitewing radiographs were taken annually for definitive diagnosis of LAP. At the initial examination, clinical probing attachment measurements indicated that 1.2% of students had LAP, while 13.7% carried A. actinomycetemcomitans, including 16.7% of African-American and 11% of Hispanic students (P = 0.001, chi-square test). A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, b, and c were equally distributed among African-Americans; Hispanic students harbored predominantly serotype c (P = 0.05, chi-square test). In the longitudinal phase, survival analysis was performed to determine whether A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive as compared to A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative students remained healthy ("survived") or progressed to disease with attachment loss of >2 mm or bone loss (failed to "survive"). Students without A. actinomycetemcomitans at baseline had a significantly greater chance to remain healthy (survive) compared to the A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive test group (P = 0.0001). Eight of 38 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive and none of 58 A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative students showed bone loss (P = 0.01). A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype did not appear to influence survival. These findings suggest that detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontally healthy children can serve as a risk marker for initiation of LAP.
Formation and Stability of Hollow MgO Nanoshells (2010)

High temperature annealing of gas phase synthesized Mg nanoparticles surrounded by an MgO shell leads to formation of hollow MgO nanoshells due to the evaporation assisted Kirkendall effect. Under electron beam exposure in TEM, the (220) MgO facets reduce their high surface energy by forming cube facets, which is followed by nanoshell size reduction and collapse within a few minutes. However, in ambient conditions the nanoshells remain stable for significant periods of time and further degrade by becoming filled with carbon while lossing any MgO identity. Finally, in moderate low vacuum they remained stable for months indicating promise for applications.
NF-ĸB and Bcl-3 Activation Are Prognostic in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2010)

Activation of canonical NF-kappaB subunits p50 and p65 as measured by nuclear expression is strongly associated with survival suggesting NF-kappaB as a prognostic factor in this disease. Primary tumor nuclear expression appears to be as good as, or better than, metastatic sites at predicting prognosis. Bcl-3 nuclear expression is also negatively associated with survival and deserves further study in CRC.
Deterministic properties of analog median filters (1991)

Two key deterministic properties of analog median filters are established. The first is that root signals are characterized by a special class of locally monotone functions, and the second is that the repeated application of a median filter produces a root signal which retains significant features in the original data. Both results are extensions of well known facts for discrete median filters. In addition, it is shown that these properties do not extend to a natural multidimensional version of the median filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>N</i>‐Substituierte Tetrahydro‐1.3‐oxazine und <i>N</i>‐substituierte 1.3‐Oxazolidine aus den entsprechenden <i>N</i>‐Nitroso‐Verbindungen (1973)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von N ‐Nitroso‐1.3‐oxazolidinen und N ‐Nitroso‐tetrahydro‐1.3‐oxazinen mit reaktiven Halogenverbindungen wie Phosgen, Chlorameisensäureester, Oxalylchlorid, Chlorcarbonylisocyanat, Chloracetylchloriden, Toluolsulfonsäurechlorid und Cyanurchlorid werden unter Bildung von Nitrosylchlorid N ‐substituierte 1.3‐Oxazolidine und Tetrahydro‐1.3‐oxazine erhalten.
Bayesian estimation of subpixel-resolution motion fields and high-resolution video stills (2002)

Multiframe resolution enhancement methods are used to estimate a high-resolution video still (HRVS) from several low-resolution image sequence frames, provided that objects within the video sequence move with subpixel increments. Estimating accurate subpixel-resolution motion vectors is a challenging, albeit critically important component of super-resolution enhancement algorithms. A Bayesian motion estimation technique is proposed which models the motion field with a discontinuity-preserving prior. The method is related to Horn-Schunck (1981) optical flow estimation, except that the discontinuity-preserving prior can allow abrupt changes within the motion field without the use of line processes. Simulations compare the high-resolution video stills which result from using the subpixel motion vectors calculated by block matching and the proposed Bayesian motion estimation technique.
Recent progress in continuous and hybrid reachability analysis (2006)

Set-based reachability analysis computes all possible states a system may attain, and in this sense provides knowledge about the system with a completeness, or coverage, that a finite number of simulation runs can not deliver. Due to its inherent complexity, the application of reachability analysis has been limited so far to simple systems, both in the continuous and the hybrid domain. In this paper we present recent advances that, in combination, significantly improve this applicability, and allow us to find better balance between computational cost and accuracy. The presentation covers, in a unified manner, a variety of methods handling increasingly complex types of continuous dynamics (constant derivative, linear, nonlinear). The improvements include new geometrical objects for representing sets, new approximation schemes, and more flexible combinations of graph-search algorithm and partition refinement. We report briefly some preliminary experiments that have enabled the analysis of systems previously beyond reach.
Classification and clustering study in incomplete data domain (2001)

This report focuses on classification and clustering methods
applied to a synthetic dataset, where we gradually increase the
missing data and tested---algorithms and tools (C4.5, Roc,
AutoClass, Kmeans and K2) for classification and clustering---
independently within each increment.

We report preliminary results that suggest that the methods for
classification and clustering based on Bayesian or probabilistic
structures work well in incomplete data domains and we can
intuitively say that it is possible make a kind of Bayesian
framework to efficiently share information among its components.

These results are not completely satisfactory and we need to test
different algorithms. That is, not only classification or
clustering, but also other as CBRs for example.

This experiment was done because we are motivated about how we
can make a general recommendation process description.
Immunofluorescence Characterization of Key Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Murine Bone Marrow In Situ (1998)

The mechanism of hemopoietic stem cell homing to the bone marrow involves molecular interactions that mediate the recognition and interaction of these cells with the marrow microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix. On selective binding, this environment, in combination with soluble cytokines, regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Using immunofluorescence labeling, we analyzed the location of the prominent extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen Types I, III, and IV, and laminin in sections of murine femoral bone marrow. Collagen Types I, IV, and fibronectin were localized to the endosteum, the region of the femoral microenvironment for which homing stem cells have a high affinity. The results further demonstrated a strong spatial association of collagen Type IV and laminin with the bone marrow vessels, including arterioles, veins, and sinuses. Fibronectin was distributed throughout the central marrow region, and all the proteins analyzed except collagen Type III were present in the bone, although at different levels. Fibronectin, collagen Types III and IV, and laminin were also present in the periosteum. The distinct locations of particular extracellular matrix proteins support the notion that they may play an important mechanistic role in the homing of engrafting cells.