gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero-field NMR of small-amplitude motions in a polycrystalline solid (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZero-field NMR of small-amplitude motions in a polycrystalline solidJ. M. Millar, A. M. Thayer, D. B. Zax, and A. PinesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 17, 5113–5116Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00277a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00277a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification and identification of cell surface antigens using lamprey monoclonal antibodies (2012)

Variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) B antibodies of the evolutionary distant sea lamprey are structurally distinct from conventional mammalian antibodies. The different protein architecture and large evolutionary distance of jawless vertebrates suggest that VLR antibodies may represent promising tools for biomarker discovery. Here we report the generation of panels of monoclonal VLR antibodies from lamprey larvae immunized with human T cells and the use of a recombinant monoclonal VLR antibody for antigen purification and mass spectrometric identification. We demonstrate that despite predicted low affinity of individual VLR antigen binding units to the antigen, the high avidity resulting from decameric assembly of secreted VLR antibodies allows for efficient antigen capture and subsequent identification by mass spectometry. We show that VLR antibodies detect their antigens with high specificity and can be used in various standard laboratory application techniques. The lamprey antibodies are novel reagents that can complement conventional monoclonal antibodies in multiple scientific research disciplines.
Respect for nurses with mental illness (1998)

I entirely agree with ‘Mental health histories need to be reassessed’ (News October 14).
Monensin‐mediated growth inhibition in human lymphoma cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (2002)

Monensin, a Na+ ionophore, regulates many cellular functions, including apoptosis. We investigated the in vitro antiproliferative effect of monensin on nine human lymphoma cell lines. Monensin significantly inhibited the proliferation of all the lymphoma cell lines examined with a 50% inhibition concentration of about 0.5 micromol/l, and induced a G1 and/or a G2-M phase arrest in these cell lines. To address the antiproliferative mechanism of monensin, we examined the effect of this drug on cell-cycle-related proteins in CA46 cells (both G1 and G2 arrest) and Molt-4 cells (G2 arrest). Treatment with monensin for 72 h decreased CDK4 and cyclin A levels in CA46 cells, and cdc2 levels in Molt-4 cells. In monensin-treated CA46 cells, increased p21-CDK2, p27-CDK2 and p27-CDK4 complex forms were observed. And, in monensin-treated Molt-4 cells, increased p21-cdc2 complex form was detected. Furthermore, the activities of CDK2- and CDK4-associated kinases were reduced in association with Rb hypophosphorylation in monensin-treated CA46 cells. The activity of cdc2-associated kinase was decreased in both cell lines, which was accompanied by induction of Wee1. Also, monensin induced apoptosis in these cell lines, as evidenced by annexin V binding assay and flow cytometric detection of sub-G1 DNA content. This apoptotic process was associated with loss of mitochondria transmembrane potential (Delta(psi)m). Taken together, these results demonstrated for the first time that monensin potently inhibits the proliferation of human lymphoma cell lines via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Challenges and Practices of Large Scale Visual Intelligence in the Real-World (2018)

Visual intelligence is one of the key aspects of Artificial Intelligence. Considerable technology progresses along this direction have been made in the past a few years. However, how to incubate the right technologies and convert them into real business values in the real-world remains a challenge. In this talk, we will analyze current challenges of visual intelligence in the real-world and try to summarize a few key points that help us successfully develop and apply technologies to solve real-world problems. In particular, we will introduce a few successful examples, including "City Brain", "Luban (visual design)", from the problem definition/discovery, to technology development, to product design, and to realizing business values. City Brain: A city is an aggregate of a huge amount of heterogeneous data. However, extracting meaningful values from that data is nontrivial. City Brain is an end-to-end system whose goal is to glean irreplaceable values from big-city data, specifically videos, with the assistance of rapidly evolving AI technologies and fast-growing computing capacity. From cognition to optimization, to decision-making, from search to prediction and ultimately, to intervention, City Brain improves the way we manage the city, as well as the way we live in it. In this talk, we will introduce current practices of the City Brain platform, as well as what we can do to achieve the goal and make it a reality, step by step. Luban: Different from most typical visual intelligence technologies, which are more focused on analyzing, recognizing or searching visual objects, the goal of Luban (visual design) is to create visual content. In particular, we will introduce an automatic 2D banner design technique that is based on deep learning and reinforcement learning. We will detail how Luban was created and how it changed the world of 2D banner design by creating 50M banners a day.
A reflective object-oriented distributed system for heterogeneous multimedia environments (2002)

In this paper, object-oriented techniques and concepts (e.g., object migration inheritance delegation) and reflection are applied to the design of a distributed system called the reflective object-oriented distributed system (RODS). RODS hides object distribution and underlying platform heterogeneity to simplify the development of distributed multimedia applications. RODS has two major components: the flexible multimedia object adaptor (FMOA) and the reflective object request broker (RORB). The FMOA is an application framework of classes to facilitate the construction of distributed multimedia applications. The RORB is a CORBA object request broker that integrates additional features such as smart proxies, delegation, migration, and sharing. By utilizing a reflective model, RORB allows the application programmer and the system to dynamically modify distributed object management policies.
PDEs as drug targets for CNS immune disorders. (2008)

PDEs are important second messenger systems governing a host of cellular functions involved in neural signal transduction in the CNS and inflammatory cell signaling in the immune system. The contributions of PDE family members as novel treatments that target neuroinflammation as a pathophysiological process in the neuropathogenesis of diverse neurological and psychiatric brain disorders with prominent immune system correlates are discussed.
Compact 4CH-ABS Hydraulic Unit (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Sumitomo Electric Industries (SEI), which has been producing its first generation ABS since 1987, has continued its R &amp; D efforts to develop a second generation ABS better suited to a wider range of vehicles. A Compact ABS has been successfully developed, which has realized the smallest and lightest 3/4-channel hydraulic unit known to the authors, taking full advantage of the newly developed flow control valve.</div>
IN VIVO ELUTION OF TRYPTOPHAN METABOLITES AND OTHER AROMATIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS FROM CHOLESTEROL PELLETS IMPLANTED INTO MOUSE BLADDERS. (1964)

The rate of elution of certain aromatic amine and quinoline metabolites of tryptophan and some aromatic hydroxyl amines, hydroxamic acids, and other nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds from cholesterol pellets implanted into mouse bladders has been studied. The time required for 50 per cent of the chemical to diffuse out of the pellet (T½) varied from 0.7 of a day for the most rapidly eluted compound to 107 days for the most slowly eluted substance. The rate of elution was observed to follow first-order kinetics, and a specific elution-rate constant ( K ) was calculated that provided a measure of the probable extent and duration of exposure of the mouse bladder mucosa to the potential carcinogens. It was suggested that studies of this type should be done in conjunction with attempts to induce bladder carcinomas by the pellet implantation technic.
Abstract 1391: Breast cancer cells and the bone: A tale of treachery (2012)

Abstract Under normal physiological conditions there is a dynamic equilibrium in the bone maintained by the bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. The bone stroma provides hospitable sites for disseminating, colonization-competent breast cancer cells. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays an important role in skeletogenesis. Our studies have determined that breast tumor cells have an activated Hh pathway characterized by upregulation of Hh ligands and the transcription factor GLI1. Our findings show that breast cancer cells activate Hh signaling in pre-osteoclasts and thereby upregulate osteoclastogenesis. Paracrine Hh signaling induced in osteoclasts by breast cancer cells mediates a series of events by the up-regulation of osteopontin (OPN), which in turn enhances osteoclastic activity by up-regulating the essential proteases cathepsin K and MMP9. Surprisingly, we found that breast cancer cells also activate osteoblast differentiation as an early event, by activating Hh signaling in pre-osteoblasts. This leads to the expression of RANKL and PTHrP by the osteoblasts. RANKL and PTHrP promote osteoclastogenesis while the osteoblasts are eliminated by apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of Hh signaling results in an overall decrease in osteoblast differentiation and osteoclastogenesis/resorptive activity. Thus our studies suggest that the breast cancer cells orchestrate a chain of events in which they directly foster osteoclastogenesis and deceptively induce osteoblasts to differentiate which in turn produce factors that promote osteoclast differentiation. A vicious cycle ensues and in the presence of increased number of metastasing breast cancer cells the balance now shifts in favor of the osteoclasts resulting in osteolysis, the final painful outcome of a majority of breast cancer patients. Thus in the light of our findings, any therapeutic approach utilizing inhibitors for the Hh pathway need to take into consideration the dual role of the pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1391. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1391
Identification of differential inductances of permanent magnet synchronous machines using test current signal injection (2012)

In this paper a new kind of identification method for differential self and mutual inductances of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is proposed. The precise knowledge of the parameters of PMSMs has become an important issue for many applications in electrical drive engineering. Thereby not only the differential self but also the differential mutual inductances are of interest. To identify these parameters the well-known methods that use high frequency (hf) test voltage injection provide unsatisfying results. The method proposed in this paper uses, in contrast, hf test current injection to identify the differential inductances. A machine model that includes cross saturation is the basis for the identification method. Considering the standstill of the machine, the voltage equations can be simplified. For differential inductance identification the hf test current signal is injected either in the dor q-axis of the rotor-oriented (dq) reference frame. Therefore a proportional-resonant (PR) current controller which is in parallel to the fundamental current controller is utilized. Using the output of the Goertzel algorithm, both the differential self and mutual inductances can be determined. Finally, test bench measurement results of a permanent magnet synchronous linear machine prove the proposed method.
Facilitating the Specification of Semantic Web Services Using Model-Driven Development (2006)

The Semantic Web promises automated invocation, discovery, and composition of Web services by enhancing services with semantic descriptions. An upper ontology for Web services called OWL-S has been created to provide a mechanism for describing service semantics in a standard, well-defined manner. Unfortunately, the learning curve for semantic-rich description languages such as OWL-S can be steep, especially given the current state of tool support for the language. This paper describes a suite of automated software tools that we have developed to facilitate the construction of OWL-S specifications. The tools operate in two stages. In the first stage, a model-driven architecture technique is used to generate an OWL-S description of a Web service from a Unified Modeling Language (UML) model. This allows the developer to focus on creating a model of the Web service in a standard UML tool, leveraging existing knowledge. In the second stage, an interactive approach for generating groundings is used. This paper describes both tools and demonstrates how the use of lightweight interactive tools facilitates creation of OWL-S specifications.
Condensation of the chromatin at the membrane of an apoptotic nucleus is not associated with activation of an endonuclease (1993)

A current hypothesis holds that chromatin fragmentation into oligonucleosomal patterns is an early event during apoptosis. In contrast, induction of apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes by TGF-beta 1 was not associated with DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosomes in hepatocyte monolayers and apoptotic fragments. For a more rigorous test of the hypothesis we performed a number of experiments. We compared nuclear changes resulting from TGF-beta 1 with those induced by Ca2+, a known activator of endonuclease. The morphology of apoptotic and Ca(2+)-treated nuclei was different as judged by DNA staining with Hoechst 33258. Likewise, electron microscopy of apoptotic nuclei showed characteristic condensation of the chromatin as well as dissolution of the nucleolar structure and nuclear fragmentation, changes not seen after Ca2+ treatment, after three hours of incubation. Analysis of DNA fluorescence of nuclei by FACS revealed that treatment with Ca2+ reduced the signal by 20%. In contrast, nuclei from TGF-beta 1-treated hepatocytes did not exhibit a reduced signal and after sorting by FACS, apoptotic nuclei remained in the 2N and 4N fractions. The absence of detectable DNA fragmentation in apoptotic nuclei was further verified by in situ nick translation, not only in hepatocytes but also in a mouse lymphoma cell line. From these findings we conclude that activation of an endonuclease is not an early event on the pathway to morphologically recognizable apoptosis.
Selective Activation of c-Jun Kinase Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by CD40 on Human B Cells (1995)

The B cell surface antigen receptor, surface IgM (sIgM), is involved in B cell activation and proliferation. CD40 is involved in regulating IgE production and B cell survival. Cross-linking of B cell sIgM activates the Ras/Raf/p42erk2 pathway. In contrast, ligation of CD40 by antibody or soluble gp39 (CD40 ligand) leads to activation of the c-Jun kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase pathway. JNK/stress-activated protein kinase activation correlated with the stimulation of MEK kinase activity. CD40 does not activate the p42erk2 pathway, and sIgM fails to regulate the JNK/stress-activated protein kinase pathway in B cells. Thus, two important cell surface receptors involved in controlling specific B cell response differentially regulate sequential protein kinase pathways involving different members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Anti-CD40 also rescued B cell apoptosis induced by anti-IgM. CD40 ligation did not affect the sIgM stimulation of p42erk2 activity. Conversely, sIgM ligation did not influence CD40 stimulation of JNK/stress-activated protein kinase. These results suggest that independent, parallel protein kinase response pathways are involved in the integration of sIgM and CD40 control of B cell phenotype and function.
Alternating PSM defect printability at 193-nm wavelength (2002)

Using alternating phase shifted-mask is an important way to enhance resolution and process window. In this article, the printability of defects of 193 nm alternating phase-shifted mask is reported. We built alternating phase-shifted masks with programmed defects of various types and sizes, and evaluated the impact of each defect on wafer CD. The masks include chrome and phase defects of various phase angles, with defect size down to 10 nm (at 1X size). The Maximum Non-Printable Defect (MNPD) is defined as the maximum defect size that distorts wafer CD less than 10 percent. MNPD of various types of defects were compared on printed wafers for lines and spaces patterns with nominal line width down to 70 nm. A model was created to simulate, further analyze and correlate the experimental results. The simulation also allows for extension beyond the experiment parameter space.
High vanillin tolerance of an evolved <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strain owing to its enhanced vanillin reduction and antioxidative capacity (2014)

The phenolic compounds present in hydrolysates pose significant challenges for the sustainable lignocellulosic materials refining industry. Three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with high tolerance to lignocellulose hydrolysate were obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate mutation and adaptive evolution. Among them, strain EMV-8 exhibits specific tolerance to vanillin, a phenolic compound common in lignocellulose hydrolysate. The EMV-8 maintains a specific growth rate of 0.104 h(-1) in 2 g L(-1) vanillin, whereas the reference strain cannot grow. Physiological studies revealed that the vanillin reduction rate of EMV-8 is 1.92-fold higher than its parent strain, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of EMV-8 is 15 % higher than its parent strain. Transcriptional analysis results confirmed an up-regulated oxidoreductase activity and antioxidant activity in this strain. Our results suggest that enhancing the antioxidant capacity and oxidoreductase activity could be a strategy to engineer S. cerevisiae for improved vanillin tolerance.
New therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection (1998)

Persistent hepatitis B virus infection can lead to the development of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The only therapy of confirmed benefit in chronic hepatitis B is interferon alpha, which can lead to long-term benefit in only a third of highly selected patients. A number of new therapeutic approaches are being actively developed for treating chronic hepatitis B, including the use of nucleoside analogues, cytokines, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, dominant negative mutants and DNA-based vaccines. Recent clinical trials with the nucleoside analogues have identified several important challenges for future drug development, in which the gene therapy-based approach may prove useful either alone or most probably in various combinations. Future clinical trials should aim to address these challenges using the new therapies so that the goal of substantial and sustained inhibition of viral replication with the accompanying improvement in the underlying liver disease can be achieved.
Quality Evaluation for Microcrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells by Single-Layer Absorption (2012)

The absorption coefficient at 1.4 eV is divided by the value at 0.9 eV to obtain the factor used to judge the quality of μc-Si:H. PV device performance can be predicted by multiplying<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>oc</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>sc</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>when using this layer as an intrinsic layer. The results show a good relationship between the quality factor and the product of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. However, the final efficiency is influenced by the identities of the interface in the multilayer structure.
Localization and characterization of the glycosylation site of human pancreatic elastase 1 (1989)

Crystalline elastase 1 from human pancreas was digested with trypsin. Two peptides, containing the potential N-glycosylation sites at Asn-86 and Asn-125, were isolated and analyzed by amino acid analysis, sequencing and carbohydrate component analysis. The results demonstrate that only Asn-86 is glycosylated.
Modulation of androgen receptor transactivation by gelsolin: a newly identified androgen receptor coregulator. (2003)

The partial agonist effect of antiandrogens has been well documented, and such effect is amplified by derived mutant androgen receptors (ARs) in prostate cancer cells. Here we report the identification of gelsolin (GSN) as an AR-associated protein. Hydroxyflutamide (HF), as well as androgens, can promote the interaction between AR and GSN in a dose-dependent manner. GSN interacts with AR DNA-binding domain and ligand-binding domain via its COOH-terminal domain. Immunolocalization studies show that GSN interacts with AR during nuclear translocation. Functional analyses additionally demonstrate that GSN enhances AR activity in the presence of either androgen or HF. Two peptides representing partial regions of the AR DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain can block the GSN-enhanced AR activity. The expression of GSN is enhanced in LNCaP cells, LNCaP xenografts, and human prostate tumors after androgen depletion. Increasing expression of GSN enhances the AR activity in the presence of HF. Together, these data suggest that the weak androgenic effect of HF may be amplified by increasing the amount of GSN after androgen ablation treatment. Therefore, blockage of the interaction between AR and GSN could become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.