gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Einleitung (1966)

Nach der Definition von Gunzert bezeidinet Konzentration „einen Prozeß im Zeitablauf, der sich als ein Wachstum des Leistungsanteils der oberen Betriebs- bzw. Unternehmensgrößenklassen gegenüber den kleinen Größenklassen manifestiert“ 1. Ein Maßstab für die Leistung der Unternehmen ist ihr Umsatz. Legt man diesen Maßstab an die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in der Bundesrepublik während der letzten Jahre, so zeigt sich das folgende Bild 2: Beim Vergleich von Unternehmens- und Umsatzstruktur in den Jahren 1954 und 1962 wird deutlich, daß der Leistungsanteil der Umsatzgrößenklasse mit 1 Mio. DM und mehr zu Lasten der niedrigeren Umsatzgrößenklassen zugenommen hat. Gleichzeitig hat die Zahl der Steuerpflichtigen in den Umsatzgrößenklassen mit mehr als 20 000 DM zugenommen, und zwar zu Lasten der Gruppe mit weniger als 20 000 DM Jahresumsatz. Die darin zum Ausdruck kommende Konzentrationstendenz ist insbesondere durch die Erhöhung des Leistungsanteils der Unternehmen mit mehr als 1 Mio. DM Jahresumsatz gekennzeichnet. Die Strukturveränderungen sind so deutlich, daß die Aussagefähigkeit der Übersichten durch gewisse Mängel in der Vergleichbarkeit der Zahlen nicht wesentlich beeinträchtigt wird 3.
Mobile M2M communication architectures, upcoming challenges, applications, and future directions (2015)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is becoming an increasingly important part of mobile traffic and thus also a topic of major interest for mobile communication research and telecommunication standardization bodies. M2M communication offers various ubiquitous services and is one of the main enablers of the vision inspired by the Internet of Things (IoT). The concept of mobile M2M communication has emerged due to the wide range, coverage provisioning, high reliability, and decreasing costs of future mobile networks. Nevertheless, M2M communications pose significant challenges to mobile networks, e.g., due to the expected large number of devices with simultaneous access for sending small-sized data, and a diverse application range. This paper provides a detailed survey of M2M communications in the context of mobile networks, and thus focuses on the latest Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) networks. Moreover, the end-to-end network architectures and reference models for M2M communication are presented. Furthermore, a comprehensive survey is given to M2M service requirements, major current standardization efforts, and upcoming M2M-related challenges. In addition, an overview of upcoming M2M services expected in 5G networks is presented. In the end, various mobile M2M applications are discussed followed by open research questions and directions.
Deposition Via Dip Coating Technique of Dense Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Layers (2012)

A deposition of yttrium stabilized zirconia layer for its use as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell was performed using dip coating technique. Two commercially available surfactant systems were evaluated; nonionic surfactant which stabilizes only by steric repulsion and anionic surfactant which provides both steric and electrostatic repulsion. Dip coating process was optimized to two step deposition process. Uniform 10–15 μm thick yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte layer is obtained after the final sintering step at 1400°C. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that selected phosphate ester based surfactant has negligible effect on the performance of the YSZ material as electrolyte.
The Effect of Architectural Variation in Habitat on a Spider Community: An Experimental Field Study (1981)

Spider species acceptance of, and segregation by, architectural configuration was investigated for the spiders of Green Canyon in northern Utah, USA. Modular habitat units consisting of 30.48—cm (1—foot) cubes of chicken wire supporting internal strands of macrame jute tied in different orthogonal configurations were used. Configurations including all three axes were tested at two strand densities. The null hypothesis, that spiders use structures independent of architecture, was rejected in favor of the alternate hypothesis that spider species differentially use structures dependent upon architecture. Of the eight most abundant species, two showed preferences for horizontal substrata and one chose vertical substrata. All spiders strongly responded to the amount of jute available in each module. The two most abundant jumping spiders were biased toward modules with widely spaced jute, while the two most abundant web—builders preferred closely spaced jute.
Calculation of diffusion coefficient for supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide+naphthalene system by molecular dynamics simulation using EPM2 model (2010)

NVT ensemble molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been applied to calculate the self-diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide and the tracer diffusion coefficients of naphthalene in supercritical carbon dioxide. The simulation was carried out in the pressure range from 8 to 40 MPa. The elementary physical model proposed by Harris and Yung was adopted for carbon dioxide and some approximation models were used for naphthalene. The systems of MD simulation for carbon dioxide consist of 256 particles. One naphthalene molecule was added for carbon dioxide+naphthalene system. The system can be assumed to be an infinite dilution condition for carbon dioxide+naphthalene system and the mutual diffusion coefficients are equal to the tracer diffusion coefficients of naphthalene. The self-diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide and the tracer diffusion coefficients of naphthalene in supercritical carbon dioxide can be calculated by mean square displacement. The calculated results of diffusion coefficients showed good agreement with the experimental data without adjustable parameters.
Residue proximity information and protein model discrimination using saturation-suppressor mutagenesis (2015)

Identification of residue-residue contacts from primary sequence can be used to guide protein structure prediction. Using Escherichia coli CcdB as the test case, we describe an experimental method termed saturation-suppressor mutagenesis to acquire residue contact information. In this methodology, for each of five inactive CcdB mutants, exhaustive screens for suppressors were performed. Proximal suppressors were accurately discriminated from distal suppressors based on their phenotypes when present as single mutants. Experimentally identified putative proximal pairs formed spatial constraints to recover >98% of native-like models of CcdB from a decoy dataset. Suppressor methodology was also applied to the integral membrane protein, diacylglycerol kinase A where the structures determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR were significantly different. Suppressor as well as sequence co-variation data clearly point to the X-ray structure being the functional one adopted in vivo. The methodology is applicable to any macromolecular system for which a convenient phenotypic assay exists.
Computing a k-sparse n-length Discrete Fourier Transform using at most 4k samples and O(k log k) complexity (2013)

Given an n-length input signal x, it is well known that its Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), X, can be computed in O(nlogn) complexity using a Fast Fourier Transform. If the spectrum X is exactly k-sparse (where k <;<; n), can we do better? We show that asymptotically in k and n, when k is sub-linear in n (i.e., k ∝ n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">δ</sup> where 0 <; δ <; 1), and the support of the non-zero DFT coefficients is uniformly random, we can exploit this sparsity in two fundamental ways (i) sample complexity: we need only M = rk deterministically chosen samples of the input signal x (where r <; 4 when 0 <; δ <; 0.99); and (ii) computational complexity: we can reliably compute the DFT X using O(k log k) operations, where the constants in the big Oh are small. Our algorithm succeeds with high probability, with the probability of failure vanishing to zero asymptotically in the number of samples acquired, M. Our approach is based on filterless subsampling of the input signal x using a small set of carefully chosen uniform subsampling patterns guided by the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). Specifically, our subsampling operation on x is designed to create aliasing patterns on the spectrum X that "look like" parity-check constraints of good erasure-correcting sparse-graph codes. We show how computing the sparse DFT X is equivalent to decoding of these sparse-graph codes and is low in both sample complexity and decoding complexity. We accordingly dub our algorithm the FFAST (Fast Fourier Aliasing-based Sparse Transform) algorithm. In our analysis, we rigorously connect our CRT based graph constructions to random sparse-graph codes based on a balls-and-bins model and analyze the convergence behavior of the latter using well-studied density evolution techniques from coding theory. We provide simulation results in Section IV that corroborate our theoretical findings, and validate the empirical performance of the FFAST algorithm.
3-C-Branched aldoses in lipopolysaccharide of phase I Coxiella buurnetii and their role as immunodominant factors (1985)

Mild acid hydrolysis with 1% acetic acid (100 degrees C, 15-60 min) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Coxiella burnetii phase I cells leads to a drastic decrease in its serological reactivity as shown by the passive hemolysis test. This decrease in reactivity occurs parallel or even prior to the cleavage of LPS into free lipid A and the polysaccharide moiety. During this mild hydrolysis two unusual sugars (X and Y) are released from the LPS, which were obtained in pure state by thin-layer chromatography. Analysis of their alditol acetate derivatives by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that sugar X is a 6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-hexose and sugar Y a 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-pentose. Using a range of authentic standards and different thin-layer and gas chromatographic conditions, X could be recognized as 6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-gulose (virenose), very probably as the L form of this sugar (L-virenose). Y has been identified as 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-lyxose (dihydrohydroxystreptose) by comparing it with newly synthesized 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-pentoses (Dahlman, O., Garegg, P. J., Mayer, H., Schramek, S., unpublished results). Both branched sugars are (at least partially) in terminal positions since methylation analysis of LPS afforded (mainly) their permethylated derivatives. This analysis further showed virenose to be linked in C. burnetii phase I LPS as pyranose and dihydro-hydroxystreptose as furanose. The terminal linkage and the chemical nature of X and Y are in accordance with the observed acid-lability of the serological determinants.
Single Particle and PET-based Platform for Identifying Optimal Plasmonic Nano-Heaters for Photothermal Cancer Therapy (2016)

Plasmonic nanoparticle-based photothermal cancer therapy is a promising new tool to inflict localized and irreversible damage to tumor tissue by hyperthermia, without harming surrounding healthy tissue. We developed a single particle and positron emission tomography (PET)-based platform to quantitatively correlate the heat generation of plasmonic nanoparticles with their potential as cancer killing agents. In vitro, the heat generation and absorption cross-section of single irradiated nanoparticles were quantified using a temperature sensitive lipid-based assay and compared to their theoretically predicted photo-absorption. In vivo, the heat generation of irradiated nanoparticles was evaluated in human tumor xenografts in mice using 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) PET imaging. To validate the use of this platform, we quantified the photothermal efficiency of near infrared resonant silica-gold nanoshells (AuNSs) and benchmarked this against the heating of colloidal spherical, solid gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). As expected, both in vitro and in vivo the heat generation of the resonant AuNSs performed superior compared to the non-resonant AuNPs. Furthermore, the results showed that PET imaging could be reliably used to monitor early treatment response of photothermal treatment. This multidisciplinary approach provides a much needed platform to benchmark the emerging plethora of novel plasmonic nanoparticles for their potential for photothermal cancer therapy.
Quadrupolar and anisotropy effects on dephasing in two-electron spin qubits in GaAs (2016)

Understanding the decoherence of electron spins in semiconductors due to their interaction with nuclear spins is of fundamental interest as they realize the central spin model and of practical importance for using them as qubits. Interesting effects arise from the quadrupolar interaction of nuclear spins with electric field gradients, which have been shown to suppress diffusive nuclear spin dynamics and might thus enhance electron spin coherence. Here we show experimentally that for gate-defined GaAs quantum dots, quadrupolar broadening of the nuclear Larmor precession reduces electron spin coherence by causing faster decorrelation of transverse nuclear fields. However, this effect disappears for appropriate field directions. Furthermore, we observe an additional modulation of coherence attributed to an anisotropic electronic g-tensor. These results complete our understanding of dephasing in gated quantum dots and point to mitigation strategies. They may also help to unravel unexplained behaviour in self-assembled quantum dots and III-V nanowires.
Repetitive DNA and the Chromosomes in the Genome of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) (2000)

Like most plant genomes, much of the oil palm genome (Elaeis guineensis L., 2n 32) consists of repetitive DNA sequences. We aimed to isolate and characterize a range of repetitive sequences from the genome of the crop and analyse the repeats by sequencing, Southern and in situ hybridization. Three unrelated repetitive sequence families, with no homology to known sequences, showed a dispersed distribution along the chromosomes with concentration in the proximal parts of arms, while simple sequence repeats of DNA (GA, GATA and CAC) were clustered in the distal parts. Copia-like retroelements were dispersed throughout the genome, with a concentration in proximal regions, but were not as abundant as in species with larger genomes. Among tandemly repeated sequences, a major 18S-25S rDNA site was present on a single pair of chromosomal sites, often on a satellite with no visible connection to its parent chromosome. A major 5S rDNA site was located on another chromosome pair; variable numbers of minor sites of both rDNA families were also detected. The telomeric sequence (CCCTAAA) was located at the ends of all chromosome arms, but no intercalary sites of amplication were detected. No other major families of tandemly repeated sequences were found. The molecular cytogenetic analysis and chromosome amplication patterns of major sequence families provide the reference point for examination of genomic organization of major classes of the repetitive DNA in normal and in tissue culture material including abnormal regenerants.
A Fast Current-Based MPPT Technique Employing Sliding Mode Control (2012)

This paper introduces a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique aimed at maximizing the power produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems. The largest part of the MPPT approaches presented in the literature are based on the sensing of the PV generator voltage. On the contrary, in this paper, a current-based technique is proposed: the sensing of the current in the capacitor placed in parallel with the PV source is one of the innovative aspects of the proposal. A dual control technique based on an inner current loop plus an outer voltage loop allows to take profit of the fast current tracking capability of the inner current loop while the voltage loop benefits from the logarithmic dependency of the PV voltage on the irradiation level. The features of the proposed algorithm, particularly in terms of tracking of irradiation variations and disturbance rejection, are supported by theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimental results. The technique described in this paper is patent pending.
Dopage électrochimique de films minces de polythf déposés sur électrode de platine : étude spectroscopique XPS et SIMS (1979)

On montre, grâce à l’analyse XPS et SIMS, qu'il est possible d’obtenir par voie électrochimique et sur une surface de platine des films minces de polyTHF purs ou dopés.
Environmental and Physiological Effects on Cuticle Cracking in Tomato (1997)

Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated in the field for incidence and severity of cuticle cracking (CC) over four spring seasons at Bradenton, Fla. Resistant and susceptible genotypes were identified and easily distinguished by incidence of CC. When studied over 2 years, the amount of rain during the entire 14 days before harvest was more highly correlated with CC incidence than the amount of rain during the entire growing season or during 1 to 7 or 8 to 14 days before harvest. Attempts to induce CC by pruning leaves or fruit from plants were not successful. The incidence of CC was significantly higher for fruit from unstaked plants (39%) compared to fruit on staked plants (10%). Fruit exposed to direct sunlight, from plants that were staked and not pruned, had significantly greater incidence of CC (49%) than fruit protected by leaf cover (20%). Of 218 fruit monitored for affect of developmental stage on occurrence of CC, 62 developed CC. Of these 2%, 61%, 27%, and 10% first exhibited CC at immature-green, mature-green, breaker, and red stages, respectively. For 58% of fruit with CC, no increase in CC severity was observed as the fruit ripened. Increases in CC severity were observed more often between mature-green and breaker than between breaker and table-ripe stages of ripening.
Fair User Grouping for Multibeam Satellites with MU-MIMO Precoding (2017)

Aggressive frequency reuse in the forward link of multibeam satellite communication causes considerable inter-beam interference. It is possible to use such inter-beam interference in a beneficial way by employing multiple multibeam reflectors. The reflectors and the single antenna receivers on Earth form a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output system. In order to enable simultaneous data transmissions to multiple users inside the coverage zone, zero forcing (ZF) precoding is used. Aiming for maximizing the fairness between the receivers while applying a realistic per-antenna power constraint, the ZF precoding matrix is calculated by the help of generalized inverses. In this paper a low-complexity scheduling algorithm is proposed to cluster all customers in the service area into groups ensuring a high multiplexing gain within the individual groups. The novel scheme outperforms contemporary four color frequency and polarization reuse schemes by a factor of 2.5 in terms of throughput.
Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2D-PAGE): Advances and Perspectives (2008)

The recent trend in science is to assay as many biological molecules as possible within a single experiment. This trend is evident in proteomics where the aim is to characterize thousands of proteins within cells, tissues, and organisms. While advances in mass spectrometry have been critical, developments made in two-dimensional PAGE (2D-PAGE) have also played a major role in enabling proteomics. In this review, we discuss and highlight the advances made in 2D-PAGE over the past 25 years that have made it a foundational tool in proteomic research.
Compact Java binaries for embedded systems (1999)

Embedded systems bring special purpose computing power to consumer electronics devices such as smartcards, CD players and pagers. Java is being aggressively targeted at such systems with initiatives such as the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition, which introduces certain efficiency optimizations to the Java Virtual Machine. Code size reduction has been identified as an important future goal for ensuring Java&apos;s success on embedded systems [20]. However, limited processing power and timing constraints often make traditional compression techniques untenable. An effective solution must meet the conflicting requirements of size reduction and execution performance. We propose modifications to the file format for Java binaries that achieve significant size reduction with little or no performance penalty. Experiments conducted on several large Java class libraries show a typical 25% size reduction for class files and a 50% size reduction for JAR files. 1 Introduction Embedded systems represent a...
Covering wounds with cultured keratinocytes (1989)

One of the marvels of mammalian integument is the ability for wounds to heal. Unfortunately, the time from the onset of the wound until the time of healing may be prolonged and fraught with complications, morbidity, and even death. Disruption of the cutaneous barrier allows the possibility of water and electrolyte aberrations, infection, metabolic disturbances, and immune suppression in addition to short- and long-term pain. In recent years, a number of investigators have sought to develop a therapeutic approach to improving wound closure by using keratinocyte sheets generated from tissue culture. Keratinocytes in culture have the unique ability to proliferate rapidly and to stratify into an epidermal sheet that can be released from the Petri dishes, handled manually, and placed on wound beds. A functional tissue can thereby be generated from a limited number of cells in culture. Culture-derived tissue is useful for covering wounds because a small 5- to
Schedule validation for embedded reactive real-time systems (1997)

Task scheduling for reactive real time systems is adifficult problem due to tight constraints that theschedule must satisfy.A static priority schemeis proposed here that can be formally validated.The method is applicable both for preemptiveand non-preemptive schedules and is conservativein the sense that a valid schedule may bedeclared invalid, but no invalid schedule may bedeclared valid.Experimental results show thatthe run time of our validation method is negligiblewith respect to other steps in system designprocess, and compares favorably with othermethods of schedule validation.
Wide-sense adaptive dual control for nonlinear stochastic systems (1973)

A new approach is presented for the problem of stochastic control of nonlinear systems. It is well known that, except for the linear-quadratic problem, the optimal stochastic controller cannot be obtained in practice. In general it is the curse of dimensionality that makes the strict application of the principle of optimality infeasible. The two subproblems of stochastic control, estimation and control proper, are, except for the linear-quadratic case, intercoupled. As pointed out by Feldbaum, in addition to its effects on the state of the system, the control also affects the estimation performance. In this paper, the control problem is formulated such that this dual property of the control appears explicitly. The resulting control sequence exhibits the closed-loop property, i.e., it takes into account the past observations and also the future observation program. Thus, in addition to being adaptive, this control also plans its future learning according to the control objective. Some preliminary simulation results illustrate these properties of the control.