gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large Scale Indexing of Geofences (2014)

The modern smart phone and car concepts provide a fertile ground for new location-aware applications, ranging from traffic management to social services. While the functionality is partly implemented at the mobile terminal, there is a rising need for efficient backend processing of high-volume, high update rate location streams. It is in this environment that geofencing, the detection of objects traversing virtual fences, is becoming a universal primitive required by an ever-growing number of applications. To satisfy the functionality and performance requirements of large-scale geofencing applications, we present in this work a backend system for indexing massive quantities of mobile objects and geofences. Our system runs on a cluster of servers, achieving a throughput of location updates that scales linearly with number of machines. The key ingredients to achieve a high performance are a specialized spatial index, a dynamic caching mechanism, and a load-sharing principle that reduces communication overhead to a minimum and enables a shared-nothing architecture. The throughput of the spatial index as well as the performance of the overall system are demonstrated by experiments using simulations of large-scale geofencing applications.
High Temperature Vulcanization of Elastomers (1979)

Abstract Vulcanization is a process which decreases the plastic properties of rubber while maintaining or improving the elastic properties. The term vulcanization has been applied in the past mainly to the reaction of rubber with sulfur, but now is generally used for the process which results in changes in properties, by sulfur or some other agent. There are four principal changes brought about by vulcanization: (1) rubber is changed from essentially a plastic to a non-plastic material; (2) rubber is changed from a material soluble in a number of solvents to one which is insoluble; (3) rubber is changed to a material with greatly improved physical properties; (4) these properties of vulcanized rubber are maintained over a much wider range of temperature than those of unvulcanized rubber. What is meant by high vulcanizing temperature? There is no unique answer. About 160°C can be taken conveniently as the lower limit; this temperature has been suggested as the highest suitable for some normally compounded sulfur curing rubbers. The upper limit may be 220°C, above which the polymer may begin to degrade. The range in practice extends up to about 250°C in fluid beds and salt baths. Practical vulcanization processes apply heat to the outside of the article being cured and rely on the conduction of heat to the inside. Since no drastic change can be made in the thermal conductivity of practical rubber compounds by compounding modifications, higher temperature is a common method of achieving faster vulcanization. Higher curing temperatures are used in the newer curing or molding processes such as injection molding, the liquid curing medium (LCM) process, and microwave curing.
CAD computation for manufacturability (2002)

Every 18 to 24 months, the areal density of VLSI doubles and the predicted date for the End Of CMOS Scaling is pushed out approximately 18 to 24 months. This rate of growth has been controlled mainly by the increasing capabilities of lithographic patterning. However, the rate of improvement of lithography systems in key parameters such as illumination wavelength has begun to slow. To make up the shortfall, lithography has increasingly turned to using CAD tools to transform the geometric shapes in designs into shapes on photomasks which have been compensated for systematic pattern-distorting effects. As the requirements for this compensation grow, however, it becomes increasingly difficult to hide in post-tapeout data preparation, and must be considered in back-end design tools and methodologies. We describe a number of the challenges to lithographic patterning, highlighting the factors that limit physical scaling and introduce the layout-to-mask shape transformations that compensate for these limitations. We describe the implementation of these transformations in general-purpose and specialized CAD tools, pointing out challenges like growth of computation effort. Finally, we describe how limitations of post-tapeout compensation drive the need for litho-aware design tools, showing examples in cell design, place-and-route, and layout migration.
Abstract B014: BGB324, a selective small molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, enhances immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy (2016)

Abstract Signaling via the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is a key suppressor of anti-tumor innate immune response. AXL is expressed on several cells associated with the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment including natural killer cells, dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages. AXL is also an important regulator of tumor plasticity related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that contributes to anti-tumor immune evasion. Hence AXL signaling contributes uniquely to tumor intrinsic and microenvironmental immune suppression in tumors. We therefore evaluated whether blocking AXL signaling with BGB324, a selective clinical-stage small molecule Axl kinase inhibitor, enhances the effect of immune checkpoint blockade in syngeneic cancer mouse models that display limited immunogenicity. We measured the effect of BGB324 in combination with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 in the mammary adenocarcinoma 4T1/Balb/C syngeneic mouse model. BGB324 (50 mg/kg bid) significantly enhanced responsiveness to anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-1 treatment (10 mg/kg of each, 4 doses) in Balb/C mice bearing 4T1 tumors. The combination of BGB324 + anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-1 resulted in complete tumor clearance in 46.1 % of mice versus complete tumor clearance in 11.7 % of the mice treated with anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-1 (p = 0.0087). BGB324 + anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-1 treated tumors displayed enhanced CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration. Combination of BGB324 with immune checkpoint inhibitors is being evaluated in additional models, and detailed interrogation of AXL-dependent immune effector cell activity in tumors is in progress. In conclusion, AXL inhibition represents a unique opportunity to target anti-tumor immune suppressive mechanisms and supports clinical translation of BGB324 in combination with cancer immunotherapy in human cancer. Citation Format: Gro Gausdal, Kjersti Davidsen, Katarzyna Wnuk-Lipinska, Kathleen Wiertel, Monica Hellesøy, Magnus Blø, Lavina Ahmed, Linn Hodneland, Sergej Kiprijanov, Rolf A Brekken, James B Lorens. BGB324, a selective small molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, enhances immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B014.
Micro-CT of Corrosion Casts for Use in the Computer-Aided Design of Microvasculature (2009)

Two-dimensional micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) slices can be reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) models that demonstrate capillary beds. This study focused on the acquisition of data necessary to create scaffolding that directly mimics the unique structural patterns of a microvascular tree system. The Microfil vascular contrasting method was compared to the Baston's methylmethacrylate corrosion casting (BMCC) method to determine which provided the most accurate and high-resolution results for 3D micro-CT reconstruction derived from the two-dimensional micro-CT slices of the capillary beds. It was determined that the BMCC, a method traditionally used in the scanning electron microscopic analysis of the microvasculature, was the best method for representing capillary lumina for micro-CT scanning. The removal of tissues from the BMCC cast resulted in samples that eliminated background material, thus increasing the X-ray contrast levels of the CT images. This provided for a more complete and more distinguishable high-resolution image of the represented capillary lumina. Images created with this BMCC method were reconstructed in a stereolithography file format as 3D mesh structure for later importing into computer-aided design (CAD) software. The resulting Bio-CAD, then, can be used to guide the more accurate fabrication of the microvascular scaffolding and then serve as the framework for tissue engineering of microvascular structures. Results from this study clearly indicated that the BMCC method is superior to the Microfil method for accurate and complete high-resolution imaging of capillary beds.
Fluorescence measurements of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo[e]pyrene in water (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence measurements of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo[e]pyrene in waterFrederick P. Schwarz and Stanley P. WasikCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 3, 524–528Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60367a046Request reuse permissionsArticle Views7783Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (569 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Intermolecular Bond Strength on the Onset of Cavitation (1953)

Since bacterial destruction is a cavitation-dependent effect of ultrasound, it has been possible to draw conclusions regarding the factors affecting cavitation by studying bacteriological results. Micro gas bubbles are often described as nuclei for cavitation bubbles. In order to destroy bacteria, however, cavities must form and collapse within several microns of the bacterial cells so that the resulting collapse shock wave will have a high enough energy to rupture the cell wall. Cavitation near the cell occurs most readily when the interfacial linkages between the cell and the surrounding liquid are weakest. When surface-active agents, which strengthen the interfacial linkages, are added to the bacterial suspension, cavitation is inhibited and the ultrasonic death rate decreases markedly. If the bacterial suspension is heated, increasing the energy of the intramolecular bonds, the threshold sound pressure just necessary to kill bacteria is reduced, or, if the sound pressure is constant, the bacteria are destroyed at an increasing rate as the temperature increases. Likewise, if alternate cavitation nuclei which form weaker linkages with the surrounding liquid than the initial bacteria are added to the bacterial suspension, the killing rate of the original bacteria is decreased.
Midkine stimulates Wilms' tumor cell proliferation via its signaling receptor. (1997)

Midkine, but not pleiotrophin, is mitogenic to human Wilms' tumor cells (G401 line) in dose-dependent and time-dependent fashion. Midkine specifically binds to high affinity (Kd = 0.15 +/- 0.02 nM, 210 kDa) and low affinity receptors (Kd = 0.65 +/- 0.07 nM, 75 kDa) on G401 cell surface, that has been confirmed by cross-linking and competition experiments. In addition, midkine stimulates a tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins with molecular weight about 110-115 kDa, 130-140 kDa and 210 kDa. These data allow us to suggest that a key point in stimulation of G401 cell proliferation is interaction of midkine to its signaling receptor.
A Maximum Uncertainty LDA-Based Approach for Limited Sample Size Problems &amp;#8212; With Application to Face Recognition (2005)

A critical issue of applying Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is both the singularity and instability of the within-class scatter matrix. In practice, particularly in image recognition applications such as face recognition, there are often a large number of pixels or pre-processed features available, but the total number of training patterns is limited and commonly less than the dimension of the feature space. In this paper, a maximum uncertainty LDA-based method is proposed. It is based on a straightforward stabilisation approach for the within-class scatter matrix. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, experiments on face recognition using the well-known ORL and FERET face databases were carried out and compared with other LDA-based methods. The results indicate that our method im-proves the LDA classification performance when the within-class scatter matrix is not only singular but also poorly estimated, with or without a Principal Component Analysis intermediate step and using less linear discriminant features.
High Energy Density Metal-Air Batteries: A Review (2013)

In the last few decades, there are some exciting developments in the field of lithium (Li)-ion batteries from small portable devices to large power system such as electric vehicles (EVs). However, the maximum energy density of lithium-ion batteries is insufficient for the extended range of EVs propulsion. On the other hand, metal-air batteries have a greater power storage capacity, a few times more than the best performing lithium-ion batteries. Mechanically rechargeable zinc (Zn)-, magnesium (Mg)-, and aluminum (Al)-air batteries are receiving increasing attention, due to the advantages of using safe, low cost and abundant materials. If successfully developed, these batteries could provide an energy source for EVs comparing that of gasoline in terms of usable energy density. Nevertheless, there are still numerous scientific and technical challenges that must be overcome, if this alluring promise can be turned into reality. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances and challenges of metal air batteries from various elements, including air cathode, electrolyte, and anode. In addition, this review outlines the fundamental principles and understanding of the electrochemical reactions in the areas of lithium-air batteries. Finally, a summary of future research directions in the field of the metal-air batteries is provided.
Flocculation of industrial and laboratory strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

A comparative study has been made of different laboratory and industrial wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in relation to their flocculation behavior. All strains were inhibited by mannose and only one by maltose. In regard to the stability of these characters in the presence of proteases and high salt concentrations, a relevant degree of variation was found among the strains. This was to such an extent that it did not allow their inclusion in the Flo1 or NewFlo phenotypes. Genetic characterization of one wild-type strain revealed that the flocculation-governing gene was allelic to FLO1 found in genetic strains.
A unique calorimeter-cycler for evaluating high-power battery modules (2002)

Battery thermal management is critical for high-power battery packs commonly used in electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). To design battery thermal management systems properly, obtaining accurate heat generation data from battery modules is essential. To measure heat generation from full-size multiple-cell battery modules, we developed and tested a custom-made calorimeter for large modules. Battery modules with dimensions up to 21 cm/spl times/39 cm in cross section and 20 cm in height can be placed in the cavity of the calorimeter for measuring heat generation rates from 1 W to 100 W with the battery operating at -30/spl deg/C to +60/spl deg/C. The instrument is capable of measuring heat effects as small as 10 joules with accuracy of 5%. A state-of-the-art high power battery cycler is used to cycle the modules in the calorimeter. This paper provides a description of the calorimeter, calibration test results on its performance, and test results from a module simulating a HEV lead-acid battery.
Complete localization of the intrachain disulphide bonds and the <i>N</i>-glycosylation points in the α-subunit of human platelet glycoprotein IIb (1989)

Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb), one of the two molecular components of the inducible receptor for fibrinogen on the platelet surface, is formed from two subunits, GPIIb alpha (114 kDa) and GPIIb beta (22.5 kDa), joined by a single disulphide bond. CNBr cleavage of GPIIb, together with tryptic or endoproteinase Lys-C digestion of some of the isolated CNBr peptides, followed by amino acid and N-terminal sequence analysis of the isolated fragments, allowed us to locate unambiguously all the unknown disulphide bonds and the N-glycosylation points in platelet GPIIb. It could be established that each cysteine residue in GPIIb, beginning at alpha-Cys-56, is disulphide-bonded to its nearest neighbour in the amino acid sequence. Given the extensive structural similarity among the two-chain alpha-subunits of Arg-Gly-Asp adhesion receptors and the conservative positions of cysteine residues in their amino acid sequences, the intrachain and interchain disulphide-bond pattern found here in GPIIb will most probably be conserved in all two-chain alpha-subunits of these receptors. The N-linked glycosylation points found here in platelet GPIIb are the same as the five N-glycosylated asparagine residues suggested after cDNA sequencing of human erythroleukaemic-cell GPIIb [Poncz, Eisman, Heindenreich, Silver, Vilaire, Surrey, Schwartz & Bennett (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8476-8482]. Some of the general features of the structure of GPIIb, such as the existence of distinct domains in the alpha- and beta-subunits, as well as the identification of well-defined points in its external topography, are discussed.
Genetics, prognosis and therapy of central nervous system tumors. (1994)

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are common causes of morbidity and mortality. These tumors can occur sporadically or in individuals with genetic disorders predisposing to cancer development. Such syndromes include neurofibromatosis type 2, neurofibromatosis type 1, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, as well as von Hippel-Lindau disease, tuberous sclerosis, and Turcot syndrome. There may also be familial syndromes resulting in glioma or meningioma alone, but these are not well understood. Development of sporadic gliomas is accompanied by a number of molecular genetic alterations, including activation of dominant oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Some of these alterations may be associated with progression of gliomas to their most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme. However, at this time molecular genetic analysis of gliomas does not provide better prognosis than histopathological staging. Recently, experimental treatments of gliomas in rodents, using gene therapy, have been reported. Results of these studies have been promising, and these techniques may represent a future direction for therapy in humans.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in the Elderly (1992)

Symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease are common in elderly subjects. Women suffer from these symptoms more frequently than men. Typical reflux symptoms are often associated with atypical complaints, such as abdominal symptoms, chest pain, or respiratory symptoms.
Functional 3D Graphics in C++ - with an Object-Oriented, Multiple Dispatching Implementation. (1994)

Constructing interactive, animated 3D graphics applications has been notoriously difficult for well over twenty years. Even though significant advances in the state-of-the-art have been made, this situation persists. The system described here simplifies the programmatic construction of geometry in ways that we have not seen elsewhere, and does so within the framework of an accepted production language, C++. It has been our experience that the resulting programs are quite succinct and comprehensible, and execute efficiently. The programmer is presented with a simple, general interface that is both declarative and conforms to the functional programming paradigm. Pursuing a functional interface for developing interactive 3D applications is a novel concept that, in our experience, has been successful in providing a simple, powerful interface and a relatively straightforward implementation. The implementation of the system is highly object-oriented, relying heavily upon multiple dispatching...
Ultra-low power modulators using MOS depletion in a high-Q SiO_2-clad silicon 2-D photonic crystal resonator (2010)

In modulators that rely on changing refractive index, switching energy is primarily dependent upon the volume of the active optical mode. Photonic crystal microcavities can exhibit extremely small mode volumes on the order of a single cubic wavelength with Q values above 10(6). In order to be useful for integration, however, they must be embedded in oxide, which in practice reduces Q well below 10(3), significantly increasing switching energy. In this work we show that it is possible to create a fully oxide-clad microcavity with theoretical Q on the order of 10(5). We further show that by using MOS charge depletion this microcavity can be the basis for a modulator with a switching energy as low as 1 fJ/bit.
Microbial Ecology of Bacillus thuringiensis V. Selective Medium for Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Cells (1986)

Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative cells were capable of growing on a defined media containing acetate or citrate. In contrast, no growth of this bacterium was detected on these media when spores were used as the inocula. Based on the assimilation tests of organic compounds, a selective medium for vegetative cells (BTV medium) was devised for B. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and subsp. morrisoni. Composition of the medium was as follows : NaNO3, 1.0g; KH2PO4, 1.0 g; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5 g; KCl, 0.2 g; sodium acetate, 1.0 g; sodium citrate, 3.0 g; Difco purified agar, 15.0 g; polymyxin B, 5 mg; deionized water, 1, 000 ml; pH 7.0.