gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility Investigation of Polyethylene Glycol and Alginate-Poly-l-Lysine for Islet Encapsulation (2010)

The use of microencapsulation with alginate-poly-l-lysine (PLL) as the encapsulation material has been hampered by overgrowth of collagen around implanted capsules. Studies have shown that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has higher biocompatibility than PLL. In this project, we examined the biocompatibility of PEG in comparison with PLL in the Lewis rat model. Capsules made from either PEG or PLL were implanted into Lewis rats in three anatomical sites: subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and intra-epididymis (IE). After 2 or 4 weeks, capsules were retrieved, sectioned, and stained with Sirius Red for analysis of fibrotic overgrowth with ImageJ software. The results were statistically analyzed using either unpaired t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). PEG demonstrated significantly better biocompatibility in SC, at both 2 and 4 weeks, and IE at 2 weeks (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were found in IM implantation at either time point (p = 0.36) between the two materials. However, there was significantly heavier fibrotic overgrowth around PEG capsules in IE than PLL capsules at 4 weeks (p < 0.01). When compared among the anatomical sites, IM implantation demonstrated significantly less fibrotic overgrowth than other sites for both materials (p < 0.01). In conclusion, PLL and PEG may induce different levels of fibrosis based on anatomical location and duration of implantation.
A new video storage architecture for plasma display panels (1996)

We deal with the necessity of a video storage unit for the AC-plasma display panel technology (AC-PDP). We first describe such panels and the way we can address them. Then we present the various functions of our architecture. Finally we apply the results to our application.
Rapid and selective identification of molecular species in phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin by conditional neutral loss scanning and MS <sup>3</sup> (2004)

Analyses of molecular species of phospholipids containing choline (Ch), such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM), are reported. Neutral loss scanning was applied for the selective detection of these lipids using a quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. By using ammonium formate as an elution buffer, both PC and SM were detected as [M+HCOO]- ions in the negative ion mode. Upon collisional activation, the [M+HCOO]- adduct ions underwent facile elimination of HCO2, to yield an ion which, in turn, readily underwent collisional-induced dissociation (CID) to eliminate CH3 to yield an [M-CH3]- ion. By selecting the proper conditions for scanning for neutral loss of 60 Da (HCO2+CH3), SM species were identified separately from PCs. Further, by selection of this [M-CH3]- ion as the precursor ion, the identities of the fatty acyl chains of PC species can be effectively obtained by MS3 experiments. Furthermore, by the MS3 analyses of [M-CH3]- specifically obtained from SM molecules, identification of sphingosine or sphinganine derivatives and their N-acyl species can also be effectively obtained. This systematic analysis of PCs and SMs by conditional neutral loss scanning, with subsequent analyses by MS3, using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode, appears to be a very effective and sensitive method. Further, MS/MS in the positive ion mode at relatively low collision energy was also effective for the identification of positional specificities in individual molecular PC species from their lysoPC-related fragments. The present paper deals only with qualitative identification of individual molecular species, and the related quantitative studies are now underway.
Radar dwell scheduling considering physical characteristics of phased array antenna (2004)

This paper proposes novel techniques for scheduling radar dwells in phased array radar systems. In order to handle complex physical characteristics such as dwell interleaving, transmitting duty cycle constraint, and energy constraint, we propose a notion of schedulability envelope. The schedulability envelope designed offline hides the details of complex radar dwell scheduling and provides a simple measure for the schedulability check. Using the schedulability envelope, the proposed technique can efficiently perform the admission control for dynamic target tracking tasks. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the system utilization by taking advantage of dwell interleaving while guaranteeing the schedulability and physical constraints.
Parkinson's disease : diagnosis and clinical management (2002)

History. James Parkinson: The man and the Essay Paralysis Agitans in the 19th Century Charcot and Parkinson's disease Parkinson's Disease in the 20th century: A time line of important events. Clinical Aspects: Epidemiology Cardinal features of early disease The gait disturbances in PD Sensory symptoms Speech, Voice and Swallowing Disorders Gastrointestinal features Autonomic Nervous System dysfunction Sleep Disorders Natural History Quantitative measures / Rating scales. Behavioral and Psychiatric Manifestations: Dementia Dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease and their relationship to PD Depression Anxiety and Panic disorder Apathy and the motivational state. Pathology and Neurochemistry: Pathology Neurochemistry Basal Ganglia Anatomy & Physiology Dopamine receptor Diversity. Diagnosis: Problems in Diagnosis Positron emission tomography Single photon emission tomography and Dopamine transporter imaging. Etiology and Pathogenesis: Etiology: The roles of environment and genetics Pathogenesis: Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and excitotoxicity Apoptosis The impact of MPTP on Parkinson's Disease research: past, present and future Cerebrospinal Fluid neurotoxicity: clues to pathogenesis. Drugs: Levodopa: 30 years of progress Amantadine and Anticholinergics Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Dopamine Agonists COMT inhibitors Atypical Antipsychotics Excitatory Amino Acid receptor antagonists Other therapies. Treatment Issues: Motor Fluctuations and Dyskinesia Fluctuations of non-motor symptoms Psychosis Status on Protective therapies Treatment approaches for Early Disease Progress in Gene therapy Neurotrophic Factors Smoking and Nicotine. Surgery: Stereotactic Pallidotomy & Thalamotomy Thalamic Stimulation Pallidal and Subthalamic stimulation Neural transplantation. Subtypes of Parkinsonism: Juvenile and Young onset Parkinsonism Is there a Familial form? The Parkinson-Plus Syndromes Symptomatic Parkinsonism. Social Issues: Quality of Life Issues Family Caregiving Economic impact: Implications for Interventions Driving.
Implementation of IPSec in substation gateways (2012)

Cyber security in interconnected smart grid is vital for reliability of power system operations. Power communication applications are different from cooperate information technology applications. Utilities that follow defense in depth strategy have to confront many network security technologies. This paper presents an application of IPSec tunnel in substation gateways. IPSec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) tunnels are selected for our experiments. Since security overhead of cyber security measures introduce additional delays, several performance tests are conducted on IPSec ESP tunnels. The results are used to determine the balance between security and performance of IPSec ESP tunnel on substation gateways.
Planning and Scheduling Using Microsoft Office Project 2007, Including Microsoft Project 2000 to 2003 Revised 2009 (2009)

An update of the 2007 edition, the book includes new workshops and some new text. It designed to teach project management professionals how to use Microsoft Project in a project environment. Based on Microsoft Office Project 2007, but may be used with Project 2000, 2002 or 2003 as differences are outlined in book.
Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. (1999)

Microscopic examination of blood smears remains the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, but is labor-intensive and requires skilled operators. Rapid dipstick technology provides a potential alternative. A study was conducted in The Gambia to compare the performance of OptiMAL, an immunochromatographic antigen detection assay for the diagnosis of malaria using parasite lactate dehydrogenase, against standard microscopy in patients with suspected malaria. For initial diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum, irrespective of stage, this assay had a sensitivity of 91.3%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 87.2%, and a negative predictive value of 94.7%. The sensitivity of the test decreased markedly at parasitemias < 0.01%. This assay can be used for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where microscopy is not available and for urgent malaria diagnosis at night and at weekends, when routine laboratories are closed and when relatively inexperienced microscopists may be on duty.
Wall-Selective Probing of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Covalent Functionalization (2011)

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) present an original coaxial geometry in which the inner wall is naturally protected from the environment by the outer wall. Covalent functionalization is introduced here as an effective approach to investigate DWNT devices. Performed using an aryldiazonium salt, the functionalization is reversible upon thermal annealing and occurs strictly at the surface of the outer wall, leaving the inner wall essentially unaltered by the chemical bonding. Measurements on functionalized DWNT transistors show that the electrical current is carried by the inner wall and provide unambiguous identification of the metallic or semiconducting character of both walls. New insights about current saturation at high bias in DWNTs are also presented as an illustration of new experiments unlocked by the method. The wall-selectivity of the functionalization not only enables selective optical and electrical probing of the DWNTs, but it also paves the way to designing novel electronic devices in which the inner wall is used for electrical transport while the outer wall chemically interacts with the environment.
Optimal gradient-based learning using importance weights (2006)

We introduce a novel "importance weight" method (IW) to speed up learning of "difficult" data sets including unbalanced data, highly non-linear data, or long-term dependencies in sequences. An importance weight is assigned to every training data point and controls its contribution to the total weight update. The importance weights are obtained by solving a quadratic optimization problem and determines the learning informativeness of a data point. For linear classifiers we show, that IW is equivalent to standard support vector learning. We apply IW to feedforward multi-layer perceptrons and to recurrent neural networks (LSTM). Benchmarks with QuickProp and standard gradient descent methods show that IW is usually much faster in terms of epochs as well as in terms of absolute CPU time, and that it provides equal or better prediction results. IW improved gradient descent results on "real world" protein datasets. In the "latching benchmark" for sequence prediction, IW was able to extract dependencies between sites which are 1,000,000 sequence elements apart - a new record.
Adjustment of Transfer Tools for the Production of Micro- and Macroarrays (2001)

A transfer tool adjustment procedure for the generation of micro- and macroarrays is described. It is based on control spotting of solutions containing radioactive or fluorescent labels and the quantification of each obtained spot by standard image-analyzing software. This method provides a simple, rapid, and efficient way to control the quality and liquid delivery properties of spotting transfer tools.
Postentry Neutralization of Adenovirus Type 5 by an Antihexon Antibody (2004)

Antibodies against hexon, the major coat protein of adenovirus (Ad), are an important component of the neutralizing activity in serum from naturally infected humans and experimentally infected animals. The mechanisms by which antihexon antibodies neutralize the virus have not been defined. As a model system, murine monoclonal antibodies raised against Ad type 5 (Ad5) were screened for antihexon binding and neutralization activity; one monoclonal antibody, designated 9C12, was selected for further characterization. The minimum ratio of 9C12 to Ad5 required for neutralization was 240 antibody molecules per virus particle, or 1 antibody per hexon trimer. Analysis of antibody-virus complexes by dynamic light scattering and negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) showed that the virus particles were coated with electron-dense material but not aggregated at neutralizing ratios. Cryo-EM image reconstruction of the antibody-virus complex showed that the surface of the virus particle was covered by a meshwork of 9C12 antibody density, consistent with bivalent binding at multiple sites. Confocal analysis revealed that viral attachment, cell entry, and intracellular transport to the nuclear periphery still occur in the presence of neutralizing levels of 9C12. A model is presented for neutralization of Ad by an antihexon antibody in which the hexon capsid is cross-linked by antibodies, thus preventing virus uncoating and nuclear entry of viral DNA.
The NADH‐fumarate reductase system, a novel mitochondrial energy metabolism, is a new target for anticancer therapy in tumor microenvironments (2010)

Since deficiencies of critical nutrients and hypoxia are observed in hypovascular tumors, glycolysis alone cannot explain how cancer cells maintain their required energy levels. To study energy metabolism in cancer cells within such tumor microenvironments, we examined the NADH-fumarate reductase system, which is found in anaerobic organisms, such as parasitic helminthes. In human cancer cells cultured under tumor microenvironment-mimicking conditions, mitochondrial NADH-fumarate reductase activity increased in parallel with an increase in fumarate reductase activity, which is the reverse reaction of succinate-ubiquinone reductase and is regulated by the phosphorylation of its subunit. Pyrvinium pamoate, an anthelmintic drug, has an anticancer effect within tumor-mimicking microenvironments. We found that one of the biological mechanisms of pyrvinium is the inhibition of the NADH-fumarate reductase system. Therefore, the NADH-fumarate reductase system might be important for maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism within the tumor microenvironments and might represent a novel target for anticancer therapies.
Age Differences in Wechsler Memory Scale Scores (1966)

(1966). Age Differences in Wechsler Memory Scale Scores. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 135-145.
DE-1 observations of hole electron distribution functions and the cyclotron maser resonance (1986)

The hole electron distribution functions observed by the DE-1 satellite within inverted-V events at altitudes of between 9000 km and 15,000 km are examined as a possible free energy source for exciting Z-mode radiation through cyclotron maser resonance. In the DE-1 observations the hole distribution function had center velocities varying between 8000 km/s and 20,000 km/s, with the radii varying between 2000 km/s and 10,000 km/s. The observed distribution function is fitted by an exponential function around the center of the hole, and is used to calculate growth rates of Z-mode radiation. Growth rates as high as 0.001 of the electron gyrofrequency are obtained. It is also shown that the observed hole distribution functions can excite Z-mode radiation at wave frequencies slightly above the gyrofrequency, and wave propagation angles slightly below 90 deg in the source region. The results suggest that the hole distribution function could provide additional amplification for Z-mode waves in the auroral zone.
Ciencia, desarrollo humano y calidad de vida (2009)

En la sociedad contemporÃ¡nea, la ciencia y la tecnologÃ­a se han convertido en el centro alrededor del cual se entretejen las relaciones sociales y la vida social. La sociedad del conocimiento, como se le ha denominado al modelo de la sociedad a la que aspirarÃ­amos, precisamente por el desarrollo que ha tenido el conocimiento tecnolÃ³gico y cientÃ­fico en estos momentos, se convierte en el Ã¡mbito natural para que el tema de la tecnociencia forme parte de los procesos formativos y constitutivos de las nuevas identidades sociales. El hecho de entender como la poblaciÃ³n incorpora los conceptos de ciencia y tecnologÃ­a en sus agendas de discusiÃ³n en la toma de decisiones sobre su vida y en sus actividades cotidianas, se convierte hoy en dÃ­a en una explicaciÃ³n necesaria para entender los procesos de formaciÃ³n y expresiÃ³n del ser humano contemporÃ¡neo.
Fundamental considerations for the application of miniature ion mobility spectrometry to field analytical applications (2000)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a popular field analyzer. The reason for its popularity is its small size, its sensitivity, and the amount of information contained in the ion mobility spectrum. Several research groups are working on smaller IMS cells using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. New principles of operation will be needed to achieve this goal. The theory supporting the development of the radio frequency (RF) IMS is described. RF-IMS separates ions by applying an asymmetric RF field across two parallel plates and passing the ions through the separator. The performance of the device no longer depends on a simple linear relationship between the drift velocity and an electric field, but rather on a nonlinear relationship between these parameters. Consequently, a more detailed momentum-transfer theory is needed. The required theory is developed and applied to the interpretation of experimental data here. The importance of using momentum transfer theory in combination with the continuity equation is demonstrated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 255–267, 2000
Quantum repeaters and computation by a single module: Remote nondestructive parity measurement (2012)

We introduce a simple photonic probing scheme of remote nondestructive parity measurement (RNPM) on a pair of matter qubits. The protocol works as a single module for key operations such as entanglement generation, Bell measurement, and parity check measurement, which are sufficient not only for building up a quantum repeater but also for equipping it with entanglement distillation. Moreover, the RNPM protocol can also be used for generating cluster states toward measurement-based quantum computation.
Inhibiting cytosolic translation and autophagy improves health in mitochondrial disease (2015)

Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disease therapies directed at intra-mitochondrial pathology are largely ineffective. Recognizing that RC dysfunction invokes pronounced extra-mitochondrial transcriptional adaptations, particularly involving dysregulated translation, we hypothesized that translational dysregulation is itself contributing to the pathophysiology of RC disease. Here, we investigated the activities, and effects from direct inhibition, of a central translational regulator (mTORC1) and its downstream biological processes in diverse genetic and pharmacological models of RC disease. Our data identify novel mechanisms underlying the cellular pathogenesis of RC dysfunction, including the combined induction of proteotoxic stress, the ER stress response and autophagy. mTORC1 inhibition with rapamycin partially ameliorated renal disease in B6.Pdss2(kd/kd) mice with complexes I-III/II-III deficiencies, improved viability and mitochondrial physiology in gas-1(fc21) nematodes with complex I deficiency, and rescued viability across a variety of RC-inhibited human cells. Even more effective was probucol, a PPAR-activating anti-lipid drug that we show also inhibits mTORC1. However, directly inhibiting mTORC1-regulated downstream activities yielded the most pronounced and sustained benefit. Partial inhibition of translation by cycloheximide, or of autophagy by lithium chloride, rescued viability, preserved cellular respiratory capacity and induced mitochondrial translation and biogenesis. Cycloheximide also ameliorated proteotoxic stress via a uniquely selective reduction of cytosolic protein translation. RNAseq-based transcriptome profiling of treatment effects in gas-1(fc21) mutants provide further evidence that these therapies effectively restored altered translation and autophagy pathways toward that of wild-type animals. Overall, partially inhibiting cytosolic translation and autophagy offer novel treatment strategies to improve health across the diverse array of human diseases whose pathogenesis involves RC dysfunction.
Extracting depth information from stereo linear images using a genetic approach (2003)

Stereo vision is one of the most important topics in computer vision. The goal is to compute depth information of a scene seen by two or more video cameras from different viewpoints. The key problem consists of identifying features in stereo images that are generated by the same physical feature in the three-dimensional space. In this paper we present a genetic approach to the stereo correspondence problem where a new solution encoding is proposed. To evaluate a solution, the fitness function is defined from three competing constraints, such that best matches correspond to its minima. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for localizing moving objects of a scene seen by a linear stereoscopic sensor.
Salt Effects on Nonionic Association Colloids (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalt Effects on Nonionic Association ColloidsPasupati MukerjeeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 11, 4038–4040Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100895a505https://doi.org/10.1021/j100895a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Quantitative nanoscale metrology study of Cu/SiO2 interconnect technology using transmission x-ray microscopy (2000)

This letter describes quantitative nondestructive measurements of multilayer submicron Cu/SiO2 interconnect structures such as Cu lines, vias, and W lines with lateral dimensions down to 300 nm and electromigration defect structures using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy employing a 0.2 μm x-ray beam. Typical measurement accuracies are ⩽60 nm for widths and lengths and ⩽10% in height. The high-resolution and nondestructive nature of this technique provide a very powerful probe of physical properties of nanoscale and submicron materials and structures.