gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier phase synchronisation for a coded PSK signal in satellite links (1990)

A technique for carrier synchronization of a digital modem is studied. The modem transmits a rate-3/4 convolutionally encoded 16-phase-shift keyed signal over a channel with additive white Gaussian noise. The carrier synchronization circuit is data aided, employing decision feedback. Two estimates of carrier phase of the received coded signal are used in the synchronization circuit. The results of computer-simulation tests are used to compare the performances of the system using two phase estimators. It is shown that the carrier-phase estimate of the received coded signal can be improved significantly by combining the phase estimation process with the decoding of the signal. With the second phase estimator which makes use of a maximum likelihood decoder, half of the 16 possible locking positions are eliminated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Electrostatically-Actuated Microvalve for Semiconductor Gas Flow Control (1996)

Semiconductor manufacturing presents important challenges in terms of the sensors needed for closed-loop process control. In particular, improved trimmer valves are needed to precisely control gas flows below lOsccm. This paper reports a small electrostatically-actuated microvalve which has been integrated with micromachined flow channels to form an integrated microflow controller. The current valves actuate at S0V, but actuation voltages as low as 40V have been obtained. A gas flow model of the microvalve in the molecular, viscous, and transition flow regimes has been developed. The model has been verified by data obtained from microvalves. The maximum calculated flow rate for eight identical microvalves and flow channels in parallel is 0.69sccm with a minimum predicted leak rate of 3.8 x 10-3 sccm. The response time of the valve is -l00sec. Assuming a minimum operating pulse width of lOmsec, the valve is capable of delivering a 14.5 x 10 6 standard cm 3 pulse of gas at lOOTorr applied differential pressure.
IOP measurement and central corneal thickness (2002)

In the recent paper by Feltgen and colleagues,1 the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry and by using a cannula inserted into the anterior chamber connected with a pressure transducer. Thus, the measurement took place omitting a possible influence of the cornea on the result. Marx et al 2 believed that by intracameral measurement the “true” intraocular pressure may be measured. Feltgen et al share his opinion. They believe, therefore, that they have compared the intraocular pressure measured with and without the possible influence of the cornea.

Feltgen et al write in their conclusion: “There is no systematic error of applanation tonometry with increasing central corneal thickness (CCT). Therefore it is inadequate to recalculate IOP based on regression formula of applanatory IOP versus CCT.” They base their conclusion on their results. In our opinion their paper shows the following methodological deficits: (1) Both methods used for measuring IOP are not up to the demands of the scientific technique of measurement; (2) their intracamerally measured IOP values do not reflect the true IOP because of bias; (3) a non-significant regression coefficient does not prove that the slope is actually 0 and, therefore, by a non-significant regression coefficient it is not proved that applanatory readings are not influenced by CCT; (4) the goodness of fit of the linear regression model is insufficient; and (5) an important covariate (true IOP value) was omitted in the linear regression. We would like to discuss these points in detail.

In the study of Feltgen et al the only criterion for the quality of measurement is the stability of the readings on the monitor. However, it is not sufficient to conclude from the presence of stability that the scale readings represent the “true” pressure value that is at the tip of the cannula. …
Clinical Examination and Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Vaginal Vault Prolapse (2004)

There is poor correlation between clinical and MRI findings when assessing vaginal apex prolapse. Magnetic resonance imaging allows the identification of other prolapsing compartments and may be a complementary diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of complex vaginal apex prolapse.
Measurement of beta-2-microglobulin in human cerebrospinal fluid by ELISA technique (1986)

This study introduces an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of beta-2-microglobulin in human cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration of beta-2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid correlated with the age (p less than 0.001) of a control group of 40 subjects, probably reflecting age-related processes in the central nervous system. The reference interval of beta-2-microglobulin was considered to be 0.62-3.28 mg/1. Results obtained with various CNS disorders demonstrated that estimation of beta-2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid add diagnostic information. The concentration of beta-2-microglobulin may increase without simultaneous aberrations in the content of protein, glucose and white blood cells.
General Approach to the Synthesis of Specifically Deuterium-Labeled Nucleosides (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral Approach to the Synthesis of Specifically Deuterium-Labeled NucleosidesJames J. De Voss, Jon J. Hangeland, and Craig A. TownsendCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 10, 2715–2723Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00089a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00089a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Myelodysplastic syndrome as a late complication following autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1994)

MDS is a potential complication of autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; bone marrow stem-cell damage sustained before the transplant may be the most important risk factor.
Studies on a High Temperature Regenerative Heat Exchanger for Closed Cycle MHD Power Generation : Heat Transfer Analysis for the Combustion Chamber (1990)

Heat transfer processes in the combustion chamber of a pebble bed regenerative heat exchanger have been analyzed numerically for heating, evacuation, and argon heating periods successively. The calculated results well explain the measured temperature change at the top of the pebble bed. This computer code, which simulates the heat transfer processes for the combustion chamber, is coupled with that for the heat storage pebble bed to allow investigation of the overall unsteady thermal performance of a heat exchanger under the continuous cyclic operation. The analytical results point out that the geometrical optimization both for the combustion chamber and the heat storage bed is important for the improvement of the thermal performance of a regenerative heat exchanger.
The quasi-distributed gap technique for planar inductors: design guidelines (2002)

The use of low-permeability magnetic materials to form a uniformly distributed gap can facilitate the design of low-AC resistance planar inductors. Alternatively, a quasi-distributed gap, which employs multiple small gaps to approximate a uniformly distributed gap, can effect the same result. Finite-element simulations are used to systematically analyze the design of quasi-distributed gap inductors. It is shown that a good approximation of a distributed gap is realized if the ratio of gap pitch to spacing between gap and conductor is less than four, or if the gap pitch is comparable to a skin depth or smaller. For a practical range of gap lengths, the gap length has little effect, but large gaps can reduce AC resistance. An analytical expression, which closely approximates the AC resistance factor for a wide range of designs, is developed.
Cinmethylin controls multiple herbicide‐resistant <i>Lolium rigidum</i> and its wheat selectivity is P450‐based (2020)

Cinmethylin is effective in controlling multiple-resistant L. rigidum and appears safe for wheat when the seed is separated at depth from the herbicide applied to the soil surface. The basis of this metabolism-based selectivity is likely regulated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polymer Brushes on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of <i>n</i>-Butyl Methacrylate (2003)

Polymer brushes with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as backbones were synthesized by grafting n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) from the ends and sidewalls of SWNT via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Carboxylic acid groups on SWNT were formed by nitric acid oxidation. The ATRP initiators were covalently attached to the SWNT by esterification of 2-hydroxyethyl 2'-bromopropionate with carboxylic acid groups. Methyl 2-bromopropionate (MBP) was added as free initiator during the brush preparation to control growth of the brushes and to monitor the polymerization kinetics. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) results show that the molecular weight of free poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) increased linearly with nBMA monomer conversion. PnBMA cleaved from the SWNT after high conversion had the same molecular weight as PnBMA produced in solution. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) show that the amount of PnBMA grown from the SWNT increased linearly with the molecular weight of the free PnBMA. The most highly PnBMA-functionalized SWNT dissolve in 1,2-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran, and solubility increases with the amount of PnBMA bound to SWNT. Near-infrared and Raman spectra indicate that the side walls of the SWNT were lightly functionalized by the nitric acid treatment and that the degree of functionalization of the SWNT did not change significantly during the formation of initiator or during the polymerization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show contour lengths of the SWNT brushes on a mica surface from 200 nm to 2.0 microm and an average height of the backbone of 2-3 nm, indicating that the bundles of original SWNT were broken into individual tubes by functionalization and polymerization.
Oxidative Regulation of Fatty Acid-Induced Tau Polymerization (2000)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid-positive senile plaques and tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles. Aside from these two pathological hallmarks, a growing body of evidence indicates that the amount of oxidative alteration of vulnerable molecules such as proteins, DNA, and fatty acids is elevated in the brains of AD patients. It has been hypothesized that the elevated amounts of protein oxidation could lead directly to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles through a cysteine-dependent mechanism. We have tested this hypothesis in an in vitro system in which tau assembly is induced by fatty acids. Using sulfhydryl protective agents and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that cysteine-dependent oxidation of the tau molecule is not required for its polymerization and may even be inhibitory. However, by adjusting the oxidative environment of the polymerization reaction through the addition of a strong antioxidant or through the addition of an oxidizing system consisting of iron, adenosine diphosphate, and ascorbate, we found that oxidation does play a major role in our in vitro paradigm. The results indicated that fatty acid oxidation, the amount of which is found to be elevated in AD patients, can facilitate the polymerization of tau. However, “overoxidation” of the fatty acids can inhibit the process. Therefore, we postulate that specific fatty acid oxidative products could provide a direct link between oxidative stress mechanisms and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in AD.
A short exploration of structural noise (2010)

“Structural noise” is a term often used to describe model‐to‐measurement misfit that cannot be ascribed to measurement noise and therefore must be ascribed to the imperfect nature of a numerical model as a simulator of reality. As such, it is often the dominant contributor to model‐to‐measurement misfit. As the name “structural noise” implies, this type of misfit is often treated as an additive term to measurement noise when assessing model parameter and predictive uncertainty. This paper inquires into the nature of defect‐induced model‐to‐measurement misfit and provides a conceptual basis for accommodating it. It is shown that inasmuch as defect‐induced model‐to‐measurement misfit can be characterized as “noise,” this noise is likely to show a high degree of spatial and temporal correlation; furthermore, its covariance matrix may approach singularity. However, the deleterious impact of structural noise on the model calibration process may be mitigated in a variety of ways. These include adoption of a highly parameterized approach to model construction and calibration (including the strategic use of compensatory parameters where appropriate), processing of observations and their model‐generated counterparts in ways that are able to filter out structural noise prior to fitting one to the other, and/or through implementation of a weighting strategy that gives prominence to observations that most resemble predictions required of a model.
Acne Scarring-Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Treatment Options. (2017)

Acne vulgaris is a ubiquitous problem affecting 80 percent of people ages 11 to 30 years, with many patients experiencing some degree of scarring. This review focuses on atrophic scars, the most common type of acne scar. We briefly address the cellular sequelae that lead to scar formation and the initial evaluation of patients with acne scars. We then discuss an algorithmic approach to the treatment of acne scarring based on the classification of scars into erythematous and atrophic types. Lastly, we discuss the future treatment of acne scars and ongoing clinical trials.
Mie-Scattering Ellipsometry for Analysis of Particle Behaviors in Processing Plasmas (1994)

In-process Mie-scattering ellipsometry has been newly developed. The refractive index of the particles and the spread of particle size distribution, as well as the mean particle size and the density, can be evaluated by the method. As a demonstration, the behavior of carbon particles injected into argon plasma was observed. It was suggested from the analyzed results that the size of carbon particles increased through coagulation in argon plasma, the geometric standard deviation of the size distribution was about 1.5, and the coagulated particles have smaller refractive index than evaporated carbon.
Introduction to Market Basket Analysis (2013)

Market Basket Analysis (MBA) is a data mining technique which is widely used in the consumer package goods (CPG) industry to identify which items are purchased together and, more importantly, how the purchase of one item affects the likelihood of another item being purchased. This paper will first discuss this traditional use of MBA, as well as introduce the concepts of support, confidence, and lift. It will then show how one company used MBA to analyze safety data in an attempt to identify factors contributing to injuries. Finally, a Base SAS macro which performs MBA will be provided and its usage demonstrated. Intended audience is anyone interested in data mining techniques in general, and in market basket analysis in particular, and while a Base SAS macro will be provided, no programming knowledge is required, and non-programmers will benefit from this paper.
Proliferating SPP1/MERTK-expressing macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2019)

A comprehensive understanding of the changes in gene expression in cell types involved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) will shed light on the mechanisms underlying the loss of alveolar epithelial cells and development of honeycomb cysts and fibroblastic foci. We sought to understand changes in IPF lung cell transcriptomes and gain insight into innate immune aspects of pathogenesis.We investigated IPF pathogenesis using single-cell RNA-sequencing of fresh lung explants, comparing human IPF fibrotic lower lobes reflecting late disease, upper lobes reflecting early disease and normal lungs.IPF lower lobes showed increased fibroblasts, and basal, ciliated, goblet and club cells, but decreased alveolar epithelial cells, and marked alterations in inflammatory cells. We found three discrete macrophage subpopulations in normal and fibrotic lungs, one expressing monocyte markers, one highly expressing <i>FABP4</i> and <i>INHBA</i> (FABP4<sup>hi</sup>), and one highly expressing <i>SPP1</i> and <i>MERTK</i> (SPP1<sup>hi</sup>). SPP1<sup>hi</sup> macrophages in fibrotic lower lobes showed highly upregulated <i>SPP1</i> and <i>MERTK</i> expression. Low-level local proliferation of SPP1<sup>hi</sup> macrophages in normal lungs was strikingly increased in IPF lungs.Co-localisation and causal modelling supported the role for these highly proliferative SPP1<sup>hi</sup> macrophages in activation of IPF myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. These data suggest that SPP1<sup>hi</sup> macrophages contribute importantly to lung fibrosis in IPF, and that therapeutic strategies targeting MERTK and macrophage proliferation may show promise for treatment of this disease.
The Effect of Exercise on Glucagon Secretion* (1972)

The effect of intensive physical exercise upon plasma levels of pancreatic glucagon was investigated in dogs and in man. In 7 dogs, treadmill exercise until collapse was invariably associated with a rise in plasma glucagon, which at the time of collapse averaged 426 pg/ml (sem ± 71), more than 4 times the baseline average of 111 pg/ml (sem ± 26) (p < 0.005). Glucose rose in parallel from 88 mg/100 ml prior to exercise (sem ± 2) to a peak of 105 mg/100 ml (sem ± 4) at collapse (p < 0.01). Hypoglycemia did not occur in any dog. Insulin remained unchanged but rose briefly soon after collapse. In 4 human volunteers exercised to exhaustion on a stationary bicycle glucagon rose from 68 pg/ml (sem ± 17) to 116 pg/ml (sem ± 14) 10 min after the exhaustion point (p < 0.02), and again glucose rose in parallel from a pre-exercise value of 93 mg/100 ml (sem ± 3) to 124 mg/100 ml (sem ± 8) during recovery. Insulin also rose during recovery. When dogs were exercised to collapse during a 15 mg/kg/min intravenous glucose infusion begun 1 hr before the start of exercise, glucagon, which had been suppressed by the hyperglycemia to 57 pg/ml (sem ± 22) before exercise, rose to a peak of only 160 pg/ml (sem ± 49) (p < 0.02) at the time of collapse, significantly less than the peak of 426 pg/ml (p < 0.02) in the normoglycemic dogs; insulin, which had been increased to 100 μU/ml (sem ± 24) by the hyperglycemia, declined to 23 μU/ml (sem ± 3.6) during exercise; glucose declined 75 mg/100 ml (sem ± 13) initially, but rose 38 mg/100 ml (sem ± 7) prior to collapse. In dogs fasted for 48 hr and 96 hr, the patterns of the precollapse hyperglucagonemia and hyperglycemia did not differ significantly from the control dogs. The results indicate that this type of exercise is an extremely powerful stimulus of glucagon secretion in dogs and, perhaps to a lesser degree in man. They indicate that the effect of this type of exercise on the alpha cell is not the result of hypoglycemia, which does not occur; instead, precollapse hyperglycemia paralleling the hyperglucagonemia is observed, even after starvation. The findings raise the possibility that glucagon plays a physiologic role in meeting the metabolic demands of this form of exercise.
A novel visual image sensor for CO<sub>2</sub>short circuiting arc welding and its application in weld reinforcement detection (2006)

In this paper, a novel visual image sensor was designed to detect the weld pool images during CO2 short circuiting arc welding. Based on a charge coupled device (CCD) camera, the new sensor was smaller than the previous one. As a result, larger operation space is achieved for the welding torch which is attached to it. Moreover, the mismatching problem between the fixed shooting schedule of the CCD camera and the random short circuiting metal transfer during welding was successfully resolved. By eliminating the influences from welding arc and spatter, clear and complete welding pool images were acquired from different angles around the welding torch. Based on these images, the shape parameters of the welding pool were defined and the relationship between these parameters and weld reinforcement was analysed. In addition, the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the artificial neutral network (ANN) model were proposed and trained, respectively, to detect weld reinforcement from weld pool images. Results of both the MLR model and the ANN model show that weld reinforcement can successfully be detected.
Underground hydrogen storage. Final report. [Salt caverns, excavated caverns, aquifers and depleted fields] (1979)

The technical and economic feasibility of storing hydrogen in underground storage reservoirs is evaluated. The past and present technology of storing gases, primarily natural gas is reviewed. Four types of reservoirs are examined: salt caverns, excavated caverns, aquifers, and depleted fields. A technical investigation of hydrogen properties reveals that only hydrogen embrittlement places a limit on the underground storage by hydrogen. This constraint will limit reservoir pressures to 1200 psi or less. A model was developed to determine economic feasibility. After making reasonable assumptions that a utility might make in determining whether to proceed with a new storage operation, the model was tested and verified on natural gas storage. A parameteric analysis was made on some of the input parameters of the model to determine the sensitivity of the cost of service to them. Once the model was verified it was used to compute the cost of service of storing hydrogen in the four reservoir types. The costs of service for hydrogen storage ranged from 26 to 150% of the cost of the gas stored. The study concludes that it is now both safe and economic to store hydrogen in underground reservoirs.