gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient rejection of scattered light enables deep optical sectioning in turbid media with low-numerical-aperture optics in a dual-axis confocal architecture (2008)

Miniature endoscopic microscopes, with subcellular imaging capabilities, will enable in vivo detection of molecularly-targeted fluorescent probes for early disease detection. To optimize a dual-axis confocal microscope (DACM) design for this purpose, we use a tabletop instrument to determine the ability of this technology to perform optical sectioning deep within tissue. First, we determine how tissue scattering deteriorates the diffraction-limited transverse and vertical responses in reflectance imaging. Specifically, the vertical response of a DACM to a plane reflector is measured at various depths in a scattering phantom and compared with diffraction theory and Monte Carlo scattering simulations. Similarly, transverse line scans across a knife-edge target are performed at various depths in a scattering phantom. Second, as a practical demonstration of deep-tissue fluorescence microscopy that corroborates the findings from our scattering experiments, 3-D fluorescence images are obtained in thick human gastrointestinal mucosal specimens. Our results demonstrate efficient rejection of scattered light in a DACM, which enables deep optical sectioning in tissue with subcellular resolution that can distinguish between normal and premalignant pathologies.
Liquid Source Chemical Vapor Deposition of High Dielectric Constant (Ba, Sr)TiO<sub>3</sub> Films (1997)

High dielectric constant (Ba, Sr) TiO3 [BST] films have been deposited by liquid source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The system consisted of a single-wafer, low-pressure thermal CVD reactor, a vaporizer for liquid source materials, and a shower-type gas nozzle head, giving stable BST film deposition on a 6-in. -diam substrate with uniform thickness and uniform chemical composition ratio. The source materials employed were Ba(DPM)2, Sr(DPM)2, and TiO(DPM)2 dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), resulting in a conformal step coverage of BST films at lowered substrate temperatures, where DPM denotes dipivaloylmethanato. Moreover, the two-step deposition technique was developed to restrain protrusions formed on BST film surfaces at low temperatures, where BST films consisted of a buffer layer and a main layer; the buffer layer was an about 60-Å-thick layer of CVD-BST films annealed in N2 ambience. Thus, the two-step CVD deposition of BST films on Pt and Ru electrodes achieved an equivalent SiO2 thickness of teq_??_0.5nm, a leakage current of JL_??_1.0×10-8A/cm2 (at+1.1V) and a dielectric loss of tan δ_??_0.01 at a total film thickness of 250Å, along with a comformal coverage of 80% for a trench of an aspect ratio of 0.65. Then, for BST films deposited on patterned electrodes 0.24μm wide, 0.60μm deep, and 0.15μm high (each spaced by 0.14μm), the capacitance was demonstrated to be increased without a significant deterioration of the leakage current: the capacitance was measured to be increased in comparison with that for films on flat electrodes, by a factor corresponding to an increase in surface area due to sidewalls of storage-node-like pattern features. This capacitance increase reflects the most characteristic advantage of CVD, or an excellent step coverage on microscopic pattern features. These electrical properties obtained satisfy specifications of a capacitor for Gb-scale dynamic random access memories (DRAMS), giving a storage capacitance of more than 25fF/cell for a stacked capacitor having a storage node 0.2_??_0.3μm high.
Memory Bounded Open-Loop Planning in Large POMDPs Using Thompson Sampling (2019)

State-of-the-art approaches to partially observable planning like POMCP are based on stochastic tree search. While these approaches are computationally efficient, they may still construct search trees of considerable size, which could limit the performance due to restricted memory resources. In this paper, we propose Partially Observable Stacked Thompson Sampling (POSTS), a memory bounded approach to openloop planning in large POMDPs, which optimizes a fixed size stack of Thompson Sampling bandits. We empirically evaluate POSTS in four large benchmark problems and compare its performance with different tree-based approaches. We show that POSTS achieves competitive performance compared to tree-based open-loop planning and offers a performancememory tradeoff, making it suitable for partially observable planning with highly restricted computational and memory resources.
An Interference-Robust Reconfigurable Receiver With Automatic Frequency-Calibrated LNA in 65-nm CMOS (2017)

An interference-robust reconfigurable receiver in 65-nm CMOS is presented. The front end is split into a lowband (LB) RF path (0.1-1.5 GHz) and a high-band (HB) RF path (1-5 GHz). By utilizing a harmonic recombination technique, the LB path could reject the third /fifth-order harmonic interferences. A tunable narrowband dual-feedback common-gate low-noise amplifier (LNA) with LC resonant load provides second-order bandpass filtering to reject the harmonic interferences in the HB path. The RF high-Q bandpass filtering based on the voltage-mode passive mixer and the current-mode low-pass filter in the analog baseband improves the receiver's resilience to out-of-band interferences. A novel power-detectionbased automatic frequency calibration technique is proposed to calibrate the operating frequency of the LNA in the HB path and overcome the effects of process, voltage, and temperature variations. The presented receiver has been implemented in a 65-nm CMOS and consumes 20-76-mW power from 1.2-V power supplies, with a core die area of 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured results show that the receiver can tolerate -5-dBm interference with 16-dB noise figure (NF) and achieve 95-105-dB maximum conversion gain and 1.7-8-dB NF over 0.1-5 GHz. It also achieves an average harmonic rejection (HR3)/HR5 of 61/68dB, +7.1/+14.4 dBm in-band/out-of-band input third-order intercept point (OB-IIP3), +71.2-dBm OB-IIP2, and 58.1-dB-image rejection, after the digitally assisted calibrations. The systemlevel measurements show that the presented receiver achieves 2.1% error vector magnitude (EVM) for 850-MHz Global System for Mobile Communication signals and 5% EVM for band 42 time division duplexing-local thermal equilibrium (LTE) signals, respectively.
Character-Level Language Modeling with Deeper Self-Attention (2019)

LSTMs and other RNN variants have shown strong performance on character-level language modeling. These models are typically trained using truncated backpropagation through time, and it is common to assume that their success stems from their ability to remember long-term contexts. In this paper, we show that a deep (64-layer) transformer model (Vaswani et al. 2017) with fixed context outperforms RNN variants by a large margin, achieving state of the art on two popular benchmarks: 1.13 bits per character on text8 and 1.06 on enwik8. To get good results at this depth, we show that it is important to add auxiliary losses, both at intermediate network layers and intermediate sequence positions.
Influence of Pressure and Solutes on Ferroelectricity of Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystal (1980)

The phase transition temperature from the smectic-A to chiral smectic-C (ferroelectric) phases in DOBAMBC decreases significantly with mixing of organic materials (PAA and eicosane) but increases with applied pressure (<400 bar). The dielectric constant in the ferroelectric chiral smectic-C phase decreases with increasing concentration of organic materials but does not depend strongly on applied pressure in the range studied. These results are explained in terms of the intermolecular interaction of DOBAMBC molecules.
Is it okay to cheat? - the views of postgraduate students (2001)

This paper examines the attitudes of students in the Masters of Information Technology, Honours Degree in the Bachelor of Computing and Graduate Diploma of Computing at Monash University. Students were surveyed on the acceptability of a variety of scenarios involving cheating and on their knowledge of the occurrence of these scenarios. The survey found a strong consensus amongst the students as to what was acceptable or unacceptable practice. The paper then examines the significance of these results for educators aiming to prevent cheating amongst their students. The study reported is part of a larger study currently being undertaken in the School of Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE) at Monash University.
Catalytic activity of supported heteropoly acids for reactions requiring strong acid centres (1991)

The effect of supports such as silica, alumina, amorphous aluminosilicate and magnesia on the activity of heteropoly acids (HPA) for reactions requiring strong and very strong acid sites has been studied. It has been found that 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) mounted on alumina and silica catalyses cumene cracking at 150 °C, with conversion ca. 90%, and toluene disproportionation at temperatures as low as 250 °C. The catalytic performance increased with increasing HPA content and reached its maximum in the loading range 38–50 wt.%. With > 38 wt.% HPW on silica and > 60 wt.% HPW on γ-alumina the supported HPW catalysts showed catalytic activity for low-temperature isomerisation of hexane as did unsupported HPW. Activity for the latter reaction indicates the presence of very strong acid centres with acid strength approaching that of superacids. No activity for the reactions studied was found for magnesia-supported HPW.
Accuracy assessment of 2-D and 3-D finite-element models of a double-stator electrostatic wobble motor (1997)

Dynamic simulation of milimeter-scale micromotors using finite-element methods to model the electrical, mechanical, and fluidic force interactions requires that these representations be computationally efficient, yet sufficiently accurate to ensure convergence on a sound solution. This paper examines an analytic model, together with two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element electrostatic torque models, of a double-stator wobble motor, to assess the trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency, with a view to incorporate the optimum model within a dynamic simulation of a motor of this type.
Repellent Activity and Physical Properties of Ring-Substituted N,N-Diethylbenzamides1 (1967)

Journal Article Repellent Activity and Physical Properties of Ring-Substituted N,N-Diethylbenzamides Get access H. L. Johnson, H. L. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. A. Skinner, W. A. Skinner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. I. Maibach, H. I. Maibach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. R. Pearson T. R. Pearson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 60, Issue 1, 1 February 1967, Pages 173–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/60.1.173 Published: 01 February 1967 Article history Accepted: 08 September 1966 Published: 01 February 1967
In search of an effective obesity treatment: A shot in the dark or a shot in the arm? (2006)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Graph-Based Discriminative Learning for Location Recognition (2013)

Recognizing the location of a query image by matching it to a database is an important problem in computer vision, and one for which the representation of the database is a key issue. We explore new ways for exploiting the structure of a database by representing it as a graph, and show how the rich information embedded in a graph can improve a bag-of-words-based location recognition method. In particular, starting from a graph on a set of images based on visual connectivity, we propose a method for selecting a set of sub graphs and learning a local distance function for each using discriminative techniques. For a query image, each database image is ranked according to these local distance functions in order to place the image in the right part of the graph. In addition, we propose a probabilistic method for increasing the diversity of these ranked database images, again based on the structure of the image graph. We demonstrate that our methods improve performance over standard bag-of-words methods on several existing location recognition datasets.
p21 limits S phase DNA damage caused by the Wee1 inhibitor MK1775 (2019)

The Wee1 inhibitor MK1775 (AZD1775) is currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer treatment. Here, we show that the p53 target and CDK inhibitor p21 protects against MK1775-induced DNA damage during S-phase. Cancer and normal cells deficient for p21 (HCT116 p21<sup>-/-</sup>, RPE p21<sup>-/-</sup>, and U2OS transfected with p21 siRNA) showed higher induction of the DNA damage marker γH2AX in S-phase in response to MK1775 compared to the respective parental cells. Furthermore, upon MK1775 treatment the levels of phospho-DNA PKcs S2056 and phospho-RPA S4/S8 were higher in the p21 deficient cells, consistent with increased DNA breakage. Cell cycle analysis revealed that these effects were due to an S-phase function of p21, but MK1775-induced S-phase CDK activity was not altered as measured by CDK-dependent phosphorylations. In the p21 deficient cancer cells MK1775-induced cell death was also increased. Moreover, p21 deficiency sensitized to combined treatment of MK1775 and the CHK1-inhibitor AZD6772, and to the combination of MK1775 with ionizing radiation. These results show that p21 protects cancer cells against Wee1 inhibition and suggest that S-phase functions of p21 contribute to mediate such protection. As p21 can be epigenetically downregulated in human cancer, we propose that p21 levels may be considered during future applications of Wee1 inhibitors.
An investigation of a discharge-heated barium laser (1978)

Barium has been used as the working medium in a discharge-heated metal-vapor laser. The laser produced an average power of 12 W, principally at 1.5 μ, with an overall efficiency of 0.54% when operating at a pulsed repetition frequency (PRF) of 8 kHz. A parametric study of laser performance and a rollover in laser power at high barium number density are discussed.
Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in the Management of High-Risk Patients Affected by the Long-QT Syndrome (2004)

LCSD is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of aborted cardiac arrest and syncope in high-risk LQTS patients when compared with pre-LCSD events. However, LCSD is not entirely effective in preventing cardiac events including sudden cardiac death during long-term follow-up. LCSD should be considered in patients with recurrent syncope despite beta-blockade and in patients who experience arrhythmia storms with an implanted defibrillator.
Optimization of Work Function via Bayesian Machine Learning Combined with First-Principles Calculation (2020)

Work function is one of the most fundamental and important physical quantities in surface science. Materials with either lower work function or higher work function would find various applications, such as electronic devices and high-performance catalysts. However, it would be challenging to find a material with the optimal work function exploiting the all-search or random approach, whether it is based on an experimental or theoretical method. In this paper, we use the Bayesian optimization (BO) approach, which is one of the most powerful machine-learning tools for optimization, in order to effectively explore a candidate material with a higher or lower work function value out of hundreds of thousands of materials registered in a material database. We introduce a quick measure of the work function based on the depth of the Fermi level calculated from the first-principles computation for the crystalline bulk structure of a material. We call this the approximate work function, treating it as the objective function of our BO scheme. Since we do not need any time-consuming surface calculation with the slab model for the evaluation of the approximate work function, a quick search of a material with the highest or the lowest work function is achieved. As input variables for our BO implementation, we employ some bulk-specific properties of materials, which can be fetched from the database. The demonstration of our BO-based exploration of the database shows that materials with both low and high limits of the approximate work function can be discovered more efficiently in BO than a random exploration. The top 10 lowest work function materials thus found are in line with our chemical intuition in that all of them include either alkali or alkaline earth metal. On the other hand, we found the top 10 highest work function materials with amazement because they also include either alkali or alkaline earth metal and a lanthanide element.
Evidence of interstitial location of Er atoms implanted into silicon (1995)

Silicon implanted with 2 MeV Er ions at 350 °C is studied by Rutherford backscattering and channeling spectroscopy. Angular scans through the 〈100〉, 〈111〉, and 〈110〉 axial channels were measured. The angular scan profiles of erbium, in particular flux peak in the 〈110〉 scan profile suggest that the implanted Er atoms are predominantly located in the middle of the 〈110〉 channel (the hexagonal interstitial site). Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for the assumed hexagonal interstitial location of Er atoms. They well reproduce the experimental data, giving additional evidence for the location of Er atoms in the middle of the 〈110〉 channel.
<i>Rep</i>A protein- and<i>ori</i>R-dependent initiation of R1 plasmid replication: identification of a<i>rho</i>-dependent transcription terminator required for<i>cis</i>-action of<i>rep</i>A protein (1988)

Initiation of R1 plasmid replication is dependent on cis-acting repA protein and the 188 base-pair (bp) sequence, oriR. RepA protein synthesized in vitro preferentially activates oriR in cis, regardless of the orientation and location of oriR on the template DNA. RepA protein is not reusable after it activates oriR in the cis-position. Cis-action of repA protein is also dependent on the presence of CIS, a 170 bp sequence, between repA and oriR. CIS contains a rho dependent transcription terminator of the repA transcript, deletion of which results in decrease in transformation efficiency and rapid loss of plasmid in the absence of selection. The significance of transcription termination events in replication was indicated by decreased replication activity in vivo caused by premature termination of the repA transcript between repA and CIS. A model which may account for the role of CIS in mediating the cis-action of the repA protein is presented.
A Proactive Fault Tolerance Framework for High-Performance Computing (2010)

As high-performance computing (HPC) systems continue to increase in scale, their mean-time to interrupt decreases respectively. The current state of practice for fault tolerance (FT) is checkpoint/restart. However, with increasing error rates, increasing aggregate memory and not proportionally increasing I/O capabilities, it is becoming less efficient. Proactive FT avoids experiencing failures through preventative measures, such as by migrating application parts away from nodes that are "about to fail". This paper presents a proactive FT framework that performs environmental monitoring, event logging, parallel job monitoring and resource monitoring to analyze HPC system reliability and to perform FT through such preventative actions.
An endoscopic system for the early detection of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract (1998)

We report a compact endoscopic imaging system suitable for the early detection of cancers throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The system incorporates a three-color camera to provide a conventional color image, a mercury lamp filtered between 360 and 450 nm to excite the photosensitizer, and an intensified camera to image the resulting fluorescence at 630 nm. Our results on over 30 resected specimens show a high optical contrast between the cancerous and healthy tissue.
Topological insulators and superconductors: tenfold way and dimensional hierarchy (2010)

It has recently been shown that in every spatial dimension there exist precisely five distinct classes of topological insulators or superconductors. Within a given class, the different topological sectors can be distinguished, depending on the case, by a Z or a Z_2 topological invariant. This is an exhaustive classification. Here we construct representatives of topological insulators and superconductors for all five classes and in arbitrary spatial dimension d, in terms of Dirac Hamiltonians. Using these representatives we demonstrate how topological insulators (superconductors) in different dimensions and different classes can be related via dimensional reduction by compactifying one or more spatial dimensions (in Kaluza-Klein-like fashion). For Z-topological insulators (superconductors) this proceeds by descending by one dimension at a time into a different class. The Z_2-topological insulators (superconductors), on the other hand, are shown to be lower-dimensional descendants of parent Z-topological insulators in the same class, from which they inherit their topological properties. The 8-fold periodicity in dimension d that exists for topological insulators (superconductors) with Hamiltonians satisfying at least one reality condition (arising from time-reversal or charge-conjugation/particle-hole symmetries) is a reflection of the 8-fold periodicity of the spinor representations of the orthogonal groups SO(N) (a form of Bott periodicity). We derive a relation between the topological invariant that characterizes topological insulators/superconductors with chiral symmetry and the Chern-Simons invariant: it relates the invariant to the electric polarization (d=1), or to the magnetoelectric polarizability (d=3). Finally, we discuss topological field theories describing the space time theory of linear responses, and study how the presence of inversion symmetry modifies the classification.
Immune function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Impairment of in vitro T-cell proliferation and in vivo antibody response to exogenous antigen. (1979)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 46 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients showed reduced ability to proliferate in vitro in response to the soluble antigen, tetanus toxoid, as compared with 96 normal controls. Special studies of 27 untreated SLE patients also revealed significantly decreased blastogenic responses to tetanus toxoid. In both the total and untreated SLE populations, decreased mean tetanus antibody titers also were found as compared with the control population. However, the reduction in antibody titer and blastogenic response was not strictly parallel. A limited immunization program was initiated in low-responding volunteers from the SLE and normal populations. Three out of four SLE patients did not develop a significant blastogenic response despite increases in anti-tetanus titers after immunization, whereas all normals showed significant increases in both blastogenic and antibody responses. The accumulated evidence indicated that the unresponsiveness was the result of a defect in T-cell function. Monocyte reactivity was demonstrated to be normal, and no evidence was found for the presence of suppressor cells, inhibition by immune complexes, or increased prostaglandins to explain the defect.
The peristaltic charge-coupled device for high-speed charge transfer (1974)

PCCDs, which have been found to offer >99.99% high charge-transfer efficiency, >100 MHz operating frequency, high charge handling capability and real zero operation, extending the range of CTD applications, will be described. Circuit innovations will be presented.