gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Neural-Network-Based Inverse-Model Control Strategies on an Exothermic Reactor (2001)

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of control system techniques that are based on nonlinear concepts. One such method is the nonlinear inverse-model based control strategy. This method is however highly dependent on the availability of the inverse of the system model under control, which are normally difficult to obtain analytically for nonlinear systems. Since neural networks have the ability to model many nonlinear systems including their inverses, their use in this control scheme is highly promising. In this work, we investigate the use of these neural-network-based inverse model control strategy to control an exothermic reactor. The use of the specialised method of training the inverse neural network model is demonstrated. The utilization of two different inverse-model schemes namely the direct inverse control and the internal-model control methods are shown for both set point and disturbance rejection cases. The overall results for set point tracking are good in both control strategies but the direct inverse control method had limitations when dealing with disturbances. Other important aspects relating to the use of neural networks for identification and controls are also discussed in this paper.
Introduction to Law (2003)

Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 World Legal Systems: Past and Present: Primitive Law Hebrew Law Code of Hammurabi Greek Law Roman Law For Want of Space and Time... Canon Law Islamic Law Civil Law Common Law Marxist Law Chapter 3 Private Legal Systems: The Family The Church The University The School The Corporation The Union The Bar The Medical Professions The Club Etiquette Sports The Military Chapter 4 Big Brother and the Law: There Ought Not to be a Law! Blue Laws Crime and Punishment Deja Vu: Alcohol Prohibition and Anti-Narcotics Crusading Censorship Some Mini-Debates Anti-Miscegenation Laws Child Custody Chapter 5 Conceptions of the Nature of Law: Formal (Analytical) Historical Why Pay Attention to Philosophies of Law? Functional: Realist Sociological Ethical Some Other Schools Social Change: Do the Ends Justify the Means? Chapter 6 Legal Reasoning (Using Case Studies): The Court Martial of Lt. Calley Texas vs. Oswald: The Untried Case New Jersey vs. Bruno Richard Hauptmann The Spelucean Explorers The Grudge Informer Mini Cases-Some Real, Some Artificial Chapter 7 Selected Further Readings Chapter 8 Index
Comparison of relative and absolute sound localization ability in humans (1998)

Sound localization ability has traditionally been studied using either a relative localization task, where thresholds to determine a difference in sound source location is approximately 1-10 degrees, or an absolute localization task, where the range of estimates of the source of a sound are 4-30 degrees. In order to directly relate these two psychophysical methods, we compared the psychometric functions from a relative localization task in a human subject to the same subject's performance on an absolute localization task using three different acoustic stimuli: Gaussian noise, 1-kHz tones, and 4-kHz tones. The results showed that the relative localization threshold was a poor indicator of the range of estimates of the same stimulus in absolute space, however, the width of the relative localization psychometric functions was well correlated with the width of the distribution of estimates made in the absolute localization task. It is concluded that the relative localization psychometric functions, but not threshold, provides a reliable estimate of absolute spatial localization ability in human subjects, and suggested that the same neuronal mechanisms can underlie the psychophysical data using both methods.
Reconfigurable RF Quadrature Patch Hybrid Coupler (2012)

A highly reconfigurable radio frequency patch hybrid coupler with a simple topology is presented for the first time. Due to the introduction of lumped equivalent circuit and flexibility of varactor loaded patterned ground plane, the complex reconfigurability in port arrangement and coupling coefficient can be implemented. Varying the capacitance across different planes allows the electronic switching between different operating modes of the patch hybrid coupler. When the auxiliary patch and patterned ground plane is placed closer to the two output ports, tunable coupling coefficient can also be implemented by changing the capacitance. This results in wide band reconfigurability for the coupling coefficient range. For demonstration purposes, a patch hybrid coupler operating at 2.4 GHz is designed and measured to validate the port reconfigurable concept. Also, a patch hybrid coupler with tunable coupling coefficient operating at 3.5 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. This circuit gives a reconfigurable coupling coefficient ranging from -4.2 to -10 dB while maintaining good performance.
Composition of corn oil (1965)

Abstract The composition of commercial corn oil from USA corn is remarkably constant. A total of 103 samples of refined corn oil produced over a period of 2.5 years were analyzed by the alkali isomerization procedure. Nearly 86% of the samples had an iodine value (I.V.) within one unit of the average value, 123.6. Linoleic content on a fatty acid basis, averaged 55.5%; 93% of the values were within two units of this value. All samples contained small amts of linolenic acid. This uniformity undoubtedly results from the system of corn marketing and buying which brings grain from the entire corn belt to the processing plants. A number of corn oils were analyzed by GLC. The average linoleic acid content by this method was ca. 2.5 units higher than that found by the isomerization method. This difference may occur because GLC responds to all C‐18 dienes equally while the alkali isomerization method responds only to conjugatable dienes. Possible sources of error in both methods of fatty acid analysis are discussed. Corn oil samples taken over a 16‐month period were analyzed by GLC. Although much of our experience has been with the alkali isomerization method, the GLC technique is preferred because it is simpler and yields more information on fatty acid composition. Another important advantage is that determination of the I.V. of the oil serves as a check on GLC results. The I.V. calculated from the GLC results, making allowance for 1.25% unsaponifiables in the case of corn oil, should be within a few units of the Wijs value. Oils derived commercially from corns grown in other countries are generally more saturated than those from USA corn. The I.V. of the samples examined varied from 107舑125, the linoleic acid contents from 42舑56%. The relationship between I.V. and linoleic acid content established by others from hybrid corns holds fairly well for these samples.
On-line computerized vectorcardiography monitoring of myocardial ischemia during coronary angioplasty: comparison with 12-lead electrocardiography. (1994)

Compared with 12-lead ECG, on-line cVCG is a more sensitive method of detecting myocardial ischemia during coronary angioplasty and the reading is easier and faster. Our results support STC-VM > or = 0.050 mV as the criterion for ischemia during angioplasty; ST-VM should be applied together with STC-VM.
Airborne Laser Hydrography: System Design and Performance Factors (1985)

The National Ocean Service (NOS) within NOAA is the agency responsible for charting U.S. coastal waters and the Great Lakes. Methods are being sought to improve the efficiency of shallow-water hydrography. In 1980, NOS spent $10 million to operate a fleet of hydrographic survey vessels which use sonar to acquire shallow-water data for the production of nautical charts. The cost of hydrographic surveys for charting purposes has increased steadily as a result of inflationary pressures, the increased amount of surveying performed, and the need for more thorough surveys. Ways are sought to counter this trend by pursuing means for reducing cost, manpower, and data collection time while simultaneously improving sounding distribution and increasing productivity to satisfy growing user requirements. Such improvements are acceptable, however, only as long as the resulting data continues to meet the stringent accuracy standards established by the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB).
Bregman Divergence-Based Regularization for Transfer Subspace Learning (2009)

The regularization principals [31] lead approximation schemes to deal with various learning problems, e.g., the regularization of the norm in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space for the ill-posed problem. In this paper, we present a family of subspace learning algorithms based on a new form of regularization, which transfers the knowledge gained in training samples to testing samples. In particular, the new regularization minimizes the Bregman divergence between the distribution of training samples and that of testing samples in the selected subspace, so it boosts the performance when training and testing samples are not independent and identically distributed. To test the effectiveness of the proposed regularization, we introduce it to popular subspace learning algorithms, e.g., principal components analysis (PCA) for cross-domain face modeling; and Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), locality preserving projections (LPP), marginal Fisher's analysis (MFA), and discriminative locality alignment (DLA) for cross-domain face recognition and text categorization. Finally, we present experimental evidence on both face image data sets and text data sets, suggesting that the proposed Bregman divergence-based regularization is effective to deal with cross-domain learning problems.
Treatment of corticosteroid resistant acute graft-versus-host disease by in vivo administration of anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody (B-B10) [see comments] (1990)

In a multicenter pilot study, 32 patients showing steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were treated by in vivo administration of anti-interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor monoclonal antibody (MoAb B-B10). Twenty-three patients received marrow from HLA- matched related donors, four from matched unrelated donors and five from partially matched related donors. The overall grade of GVHD was II in 16 patients, III in two, and IV in five. Five milligrams of B-B10 MoAb was infused in bolus daily for 10 days and then every second day for a further 10 days in an attempt to reduce GVHD recurrence. No clinical side effects were noted during the B-B10 treatment period. A complete response (CR) acute GVHD was achieved in 21 patients (65.6%). Six patients (18.7%) showed partial improvement (PR) and 5 patients (15.6%) no response (NR). A significant factor associated with GVHD response was the delay between the onset of the GVHD and the first day of B-B10 infusion. The earlier B-B10 was introduced, the greater the probability of CR (P = .03). There was no correlation between the serum B-B10 level and GVHD response (P = .69). There was, however, a significant correlation between the clinical response and the B-B10 kinetics as a function of time: serum B-B10 levels attained a plateau level more rapidly in the CR group than in the PR/NR group. Among the 26 complete and partial evaluable responders, GVHD recurred in 10 cases (38.4%). Host anti-B-B10 MoAb immune response occurred in only one (7.1%) of the 14 patients analyzed. Fourteen of the 32 patients (43.7%) are currently alive between 2 and 14 months after GVHD treatment with B- B10 was completed.
Interferon induction and function at the mucosal surface (2013)

Interferons (IFNs) are produced in response to virus infection and induce an antiviral state in virtually all cell types. In addition to upregulating the transcription of genes that inhibit virus replication, type I (or -α/β) IFNs also act to orchestrate the adaptive immune response to virus infection. Recently a new family of antiviral cytokines, the type III (or -λ) IFNs, has been identified that activate the same antiviral pathways via a distinct receptor. Although the identical transcription factor, IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 is activated by either IFN-α/β or IFN-λ signaling, differences in the induction and action of these two cytokine families are beginning to be appreciated. In this article, we review this emerging body of literature on the differing roles these cytokines play in host defense of the mucosal surface. Although many viruses enter the body through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, we have focused the discussion on influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rotavirus, three ubiquitous human pathogens that target the epithelial lining and are associated with a major disease burden.
Selective Upregulation of the A3 Adenosine Receptor in Eyes with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma (2005)

Considering the known role of the A3 adenosine receptor in modulating aqueous humor secretion, its selective, probably hypoxia-induced upregulation in the ciliary epithelium may not only confer cytoprotection but also influence aqueous humor dynamics and may be accessible to therapeutic intervention in patients with PEX.
The Clinical Document Architecture and the Continuity of Care Record: A Critical Analysis (2006)

Health care provides many opportunities in which the sharing of data between independent sites is highly desirable. Several standards are required to produce the functional and semantic interoperability necessary to support the exchange of such data: a common reference information model, a common set of data elements, a common terminology, common data structures, and a common transport standard. This paper addresses one component of that set of standards: the ability to create a document that supports the exchange of structured data components. Unfortunately, two different standards development organizations have produced similar standards for that purpose based on different information models: Health Level 7 (HL7)'s Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) and The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) Continuity of Care Record (CCR). The coexistence of both standards might require mapping from one standard to the other, which could be accompanied by a loss of information and functionality. This paper examines and compares the two standards, emphasizes the strengths and weaknesses of each, and proposes a strategy of harmonization to enhance future progress. While some of the authors are members of HL7 and/or ASTM International, the authors stress that the viewpoints represented in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the official viewpoints of either HL7 or of ASTM International.
The synthesis of some 32-functionalised lanostane derivatives (1972)

Lanosterol has been converted into 3β-acetoxylanost-7-en-32-onitrile and thence into 3β-acetoxylanost-7-en-32-al and 3β,32-diacetoxylanost-7-ene. 3β-Acetoxy-11-oxolanost-8-en-32-onitrile and methyl 3β-acetoxy-32-nitrilo-11-oxo-25,26,27-trinorlanost-8-en-24-oate have been synthesised by an analogous route. Unsuccessful attempts to prepare 3β-acetoxylanost-7-en-32-oic acid are reported, together with some novel methods for the oxidation of sterically hindered aldehydes as exemplified by using pivalaldehyde as a model compound.
Bi-directional DC/DC converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) applications (2008)

Power electronic DC to DC converters in plug-in hybrid and electric automotive applications demand high power bidirectional power flow capability, with wide input voltage range. Output voltage of energy storage devices like ultra capacitor or battery varies with the change in load. The converter needs to provide a successful voltage regulation on the load side for a wide range of input voltage. An isolated half bridge based converter is proposed in this project, with bidirectional power flow and minimum peak current for wide input voltage range through duty cycle, and phase shift control. The proposed converter has competitive total device rating with the conventional isolated bidirectional power converters. The converter uses the transformer leakage inductance as the primary energy transfer element. Proof of concept is realized through a small prototype.
Single mask metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor with copper damascene metallization for sub-0.18 μm mixed mode signal and system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications (2002)

A one-mask metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor using damascene Ca as the bottom electrode has been developed. Using a PECVD SiN as both the capacitor dielectric and the diffusion barrier for Cu we have demonstrated for the first time, the achieving of low leakage, high linearity MIM capacitors directly on Cu. The leakage and breakdown characteristics of the MIM capacitor depend strongly on both the surface conditions of the damascened Cu and on the PECVD SiN. We found that multilayered SiN is superior than single layer SiN, and Cu CMP plays an important role. However, the inevitable dishing on large area capacitors during Cu CMP shows little impact on the electrical characteristics.
A Novel Actinomycete from Sugar-cane Bagasse: Saccharopolyspora hirsuta gen. et sp. nov. (1975)

A new species of nocardioform actinomycete isolated from spontaneously heated sugar-cane bagasse is described as Saccharopolyspora hirsuta gen. et sp. nov. It has affinities with species of both Nocardia and Actinomadura but can be distinguished from both genera by its morphology, sporulation, wall and lipid analyses, antibiotic resistance, degradation and carbon utilzation tests.
Collaborative CyberMirage: a shared cyberspace with mixed reality (2002)

Describes a virtual reality system called "Collaborative CyberMirage", which makes it possible to share a photo-realistic virtual environment between multiple points. This system was developed to realize a virtual shopping environment, and although this system is expected to be used through the Internet in the near future, it is based on equipment and networks that are available now. This paper discusses the techniques required for virtual shopping, the structure of this system and the methods used to develop it. This system is a largely improved version of the former single-user CyberMirage. In both systems, the cyberspace is constructed by combining image-based data and geometric models to realize superior photo-reality.
<title>Free-space laser communication test-bed based on coherent diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser technology</title> (1990)

An experimental coherent communication link has been realized to investigate various aspects of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser space communication system. The breadband 500 Mb/s link is based on low power monolithic ring lasers and a balanced receiver PSK homodyne detection scheme. Fiberoptic components are being investigated and a novel fiber-nutator device for coherent tracking has been developed.
RefPlus: an R package extending the RMA Algorithm (2007)

Further details of the workings and evaluation of these functions are given in the documentation available on the Bioconductor website.
Label Propagation via Teaching-to-Learn and Learning-to-Teach (2016)

How to propagate label information from labeled examples to unlabeled examples over a graph has been intensively studied for a long time. Existing graph-based propagation algorithms usually treat unlabeled examples equally, and transmit seed labels to the unlabeled examples that are connected to the labeled examples in a neighborhood graph. However, such a popular propagation scheme is very likely to yield inaccurate propagation, because it falls short of tackling ambiguous but critical data points (e.g., outliers). To this end, this paper treats the unlabeled examples in different levels of difficulties by assessing their reliability and discriminability, and explicitly optimizes the propagation quality by manipulating the propagation sequence to move from simple to difficult examples. In particular, we propose a novel iterative label propagation algorithm in which each propagation alternates between two paradigms, teaching-to-learn and learning-to-teach (TLLT). In the teaching-to-learn step, the learner conducts the propagation on the simplest unlabeled examples designated by the teacher. In the learning-to-teach step, the teacher incorporates the learner's feedback to adjust the choice of the subsequent simplest examples. The proposed TLLT strategy critically improves the accuracy of label propagation, making our algorithm substantially robust to the values of tuning parameters, such as the Gaussian kernel width used in graph construction. The merits of our algorithm are theoretically justified and empirically demonstrated through experiments performed on both synthetic and real-world data sets.
RESEARCH OF A 24 BIT REAL TIME SEISMOLOGICAL DATA COMPRESSION METHOD (2005)

This artical introduced a kind of new method on the real time earthquake data compression, which means that after we have made statistics and classification to the producing code on the foundation of the predicting code,and according to the statistics result we can assign the lenth of code 、the additional lenth and the address of the code .This article analyses and compares the respective advantage of this compression method ,WINRAR method and WINZIP method, and we made the compression and comparison test to the same earthquake data with these three kinds of compressions software.
Response to Smallpox Vaccine in Persons Immunized in the Distant Past (2003)

Previously vaccinated persons can be successfully revaccinated with diluted (<or=1:10) smallpox vaccine. Fewer adverse reactions were observed in this study of non-naive participants when compared with events in vaccinia-naive participants, which may be due to immunologic memory.
Automatic configuration of component-based distributed systems (2000)

Recent developments in component technology enable the construction of complex software systems by assembling off-the-shelf components. However, it is still difficult to develop efficient, reliable, and dynamically configurable component-based systems. Components are often developed by different groups with different methodologies. Unspecified dependencies and behavior lead to unexpected failures. 
This thesis demonstrates that the explicit representation of inter-component dependence is fundamental for the development of efficient, configurable, and reliable component-based systems. This provides a common ground for supporting fault-tolerance and automating dynamic configuration to facilitate system management and maintenance. 
In this thesis, we present a generic architecture for managing dependencies in distributed component systems, describe a concrete implementation of this architecture, and discuss how it can be used to support automatic configuration. The architecture is divided in three parts: the Automatic Configuration Service, the component configurator framework, and the reconfiguration agents framework. 
We describe the deployment of the architecture in centralized and distributed systems and present detailed experimental results.