gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control and monitoring of uninterruptible power systems (2003)

The most recent developments in the field of microelectronics have allowed the latest generation of UPS (uninterruptible power systems) to be designed with a completely different architecture from preceding generations. The introduction of microprocessors, both control and diagnostic circuits, has allowed the functions of uninterruptible power systems to be extended, with special reference to information management systems, to the point where they can now be fully integrated with the units they supply. The author considers the possible functions offered by this new machine architecture and suggests ideas for a number of applications. In particular attention is given to the integration of the intelligent UPS with the other elements which make up with the plant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The inhibitory effect of endogenous estrogen metabolites on copper-mediated in vitro oxidation of LDL. (1998)

The antioxidant effects of 17beta-estradiol, its main A- and D-ring metabolites, and of vitamin E were compared in vitro. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was isolated from fresh human blood, and LDL oxidation was evaluated spectrometrically by monitoring diene formation of fatty acids. All substances tested exhibited antioxidant potential. The A-ring metabolites (catecholestrogens) emerged as more potent inhibitors of LDL oxidation than the parent substance estradiol, its D-ring metabolites, and vitamin E. Since oxidized LDL seems to play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, its inhibition may be of preventive value. In summary, A-ring metabolites of estradiol (catecholestrogens), substances that occur naturally in the body, may be involved in the physiologic inhibition of LDL oxidation.
Field Effect Liquid Crystal (1970)

Abstract : A new series of nematic liquid crystals based on p-alkylcarbonato-p'- alkoxyphenyl benzoates was prepared. Binary and ternary mixtures of selected derivatives taken from this series exhibited nematic behavior at or near room temperature. These materials were found to exhibit a highly efficient scattering system with a gated ac signal at 120 V. A study of the orientation pattern of domain formation and the generation of disclination loops was undertaken in an effort to further elucidate the mechanism of dynamic scattering. A practical and useful technique for the sealing and encapsulation of liquid crystal cells was developed. This procedure was applied to the fabrication of two numeric indicators and a transmission window which were furnished under the contract.
High-extinction virtually imaged phased array-based Brillouin spectroscopy of turbid biological media (2016)

Brillouin microscopy has recently emerged as a powerful technique to characterize the mechanical properties of biological tissue, cell, and biomaterials. However, the potential of Brillouin microscopy is currently limited to transparent samples, because Brillouin spectrometers do not have sufficient spectral extinction to reject the predominant non-Brillouin scattered light of turbid media. To overcome this issue, we combined a multi-pass Fabry-Perot interferometer with a two-stage virtually imaged phased array spectrometer. The Fabry-Perot etalon acts as an ultra-narrow band-pass filter for Brillouin light with high spectral extinction and low loss. We report background-free Brillouin spectra from Intralipid solutions and up to 100 <i>μ</i>m deep within chicken muscle tissue.
Plant Chemotherapy with Natural Products (1970)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Accelerometer feedforward servo for disk drives (2002)

Summary form only given. This paper discusses the design and verification of a new direct adaptive control scheme to attenuate the effect of external disturbances on a disk drive. The adaptive controller acts as an add-on compensator to the existing fixed compensator. An accelerometer which is mounted on the base of the disk drive generates the input signal for the controller. The control objective is to minimize the variance of the position error signal in the presence of external random vibrations. In this paper, only vibrational disturbances parallel to the spindle axis of the disk drive are considered. The stationary modes of a disk platter is split into two modes which are shifted by the disk rotational frequency. A model of the IBM Winchester Lightning 3.5" disk drive was used in simulations. Additionally, a method to frequency weight the solution to a Wiener filtering problem was developed when there is no unique solution. Simulation results show that a 7 dB attenuation at high frequencies can be achieved if frequency weighting method is used.
Selection and Characterization of a New Class of Peptide Exosite Inhibitors of Coagulation Factor VIIa (2001)

A new series of peptide inhibitors of human Factor VIIa (FVIIa) has been identified and affinity matured from naive and partially randomized peptide phage libraries selected against the immobilized tissue factor x Factor VIIa (TF x FVIIa) complex. These "A-series" peptides contain a single disulfide bond and a 13-residue minimal core required for maximal affinity. They are exemplified by peptide A-183 (EEWEVLCWTWETCER), which binds at a newly identified exosite on the FVIIa protease domain, described in the accompanying report [Roberge, M., Santell, L., Dennis, M. S., Eigenbrot, C., Dwyer, M. A., and Lazarus, R. A. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 9522-9531]. A-183 was obtained from a trypsin digest of A-100-Z, a recombinant protein comprising A-183 and the Z domain of protein A. Surprisingly, A-183 was a very potent inhibitor of TF x FVIIa, inhibiting activation of Factor X (FX) and Factor IX and amidolytic activity of Chromozym t-PA with IC50 values of 1.6 +/- 1.2, 3.5 +/- 0.3, and 8.5 +/- 3.5 nM, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that A-183 was a partial (hyperbolic) mixed-type inhibitor of FX activation having a Ki of 200 pM as well as a partial competitive inhibitor of amidolytic activity. The A-series peptides were also specific and potent inhibitors of TF-dependent clotting as measured in a prothrombin time (PT) clotting assay and had no effect on the TF-independent activated partial thromboplastin time. At saturating concentrations of peptide, the maximal extent by which A-183 and A-100-Z inhibited the rate of FX activation was 78 +/- 3 and 89 +/- 6%, respectively. The degree of inhibition of the rate of FX activation correlated with a maximum fold prolongation in the PT assay of 1.8-fold for A- 183 and 3.3-fold for A-100-Z. The A-series peptides represent a new class of peptide exosite inhibitors that are capable of attenuating, rather than completely inhibiting, the activity of TF x FVIIa, potentially leading to anticoagulants with an increased therapeutic window.
The Composition of Dietary Fat Directly Influences Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Rats (2002)

Acute elevations of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Prolonged elevations of FFA levels reportedly impair GSIS, but no one has previously compared GSIS after prolonged exposure to saturated or unsaturated fat. Rats received a low-fat diet (Low-Fat) or one enriched with either saturated (Lard) or unsaturated fat (Soy) for 4 weeks. Insulin responses during hyperglycemic clamps were augmented by saturated but not unsaturated fat (580 +/- 25, 325 +/- 30, and 380 +/- 50 pmol x l(-1) x min(-1) in Lard, Soy, and Low-Fat groups, respectively). Despite hyperinsulinemia, the amount of glucose infused was lower in the Lard compared with the Low-Fat group. Separate studies measured GSIS from the perfused pancreas. Without fatty acids in the perfusate, insulin output in the Lard group (135 +/- 22 ng/30 min) matched that of Low-Fat rats (115 +/- 13 ng/30 min), but exceeded that of Soy rats (80 +/- 7 ng/30 min). When FFAs in the perfusate mimicked the quantity and composition of plasma FFAs in intact animals, in vivo insulin secretory patterns were restored. Because the GSIS of rats consuming Lard diets consistently exceeded that of the Soy group, we also assessed responses after 48-h infusions of lard or soy oil. Again, lard oil exhibited greater insulinotropic potency. These data indicate that prolonged exposure to saturated fat enhances GSIS (but this does not entirely compensate for insulin resistance), whereas unsaturated fat, given in the diet or by infusion, impairs GSIS. Inferences regarding the impact of fatty acids on GSIS that are based on models using unsaturated fat may not reflect the effects of saturated fat.
Area-Performance Trade-offs in Tiled Dataflow Architectures (2006)

Tiled architectures, such as RAW, SmartMemories, TRIPS, and WaveScalar, promise to address several issues facing conventional processors, including complexity, wire-delay, and performance. The basic premise of these architectures is that larger, higher-performance implementations can be constructed by replicating the basic tile across the chip. This paper explores the area-performance trade-offs when designing one such tiled architecture, WaveScalar. We use a synthesizable RTL model and cycle-level simulator to perform an area/performance pareto analysis of over 200 WaveScalar processor designs ranging in size from 19mm2 to 378mm2 and having a 22 FO4 cycle time. We demonstrate that, for multi-threaded workloads, WaveScalar performance scales almost ideally from 19 to 101mm2 when optimized for area efficiency and from 44 to 202mm2when optimized for peak performance. Our analysis reveals that WaveScalar's hierarchical interconnect plays an important role in overall scalability, and that WaveScalar achieves the same (or higher) performance in substantially less area than either an aggressive out-of-order superscalar or Sun's Niagara CMP processor.
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer Using Serum Proteomic Profiling (2004)

In the United States, mortality rates from pancreatic cancer (PCa) have not changed significantly over the past 50 years. This is due, in part, to the lack of early detection methods for this particularly aggressive form of cancer. The objective of this study was to use high-throughput protein profiling technology to identify biomarkers in the serum proteome for the early detection of resectable PCa. Using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, protein profiles were generated from sera of 49 PCa patients and 54 unaffected individuals after fractionation on an anion exchange resin. The samples were randomly divided into a training set (69 samples) and test set (34 samples), and two multivariate analysis procedures, classification and regression tree and logistic regression, were used to develop classification models from these spectral data that could distinguish PCa from control serum samples. In the test set, both models correctly classified all of the PCa patient serum samples (100% sensitivity). Using the decision tree algorithm, a specificity of 93.5% was obtained, whereas the logistic regression model produced a specificity of 100%. These results suggest that high-throughput proteomics profiling has the capacity to provide new biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of PCa.
Implicit Mixed-Mode Simulation of VLSI Circuits (1991)

trical and Computer engineering, with a specialty in communications and circuit theory. From 1972 to 1978 he was employed as an analog circuit designer, working primarily in the audio industry. In 1978, he founded Tatum Labs, a consulting firm, to do analog circuit design. Beginning in 1980, his work became primarily software tools for circuit designers. Tatum Labs developed and marketed entry level CAD software, including a circuit simulator, for board level circuits. He sold Tatum Labs in 1986 to pursue full time graduate study.
Spatial Orientation and the Angularity of Urban Routes (1991)

The influence of route angularity on the spatial orientation of pedestrians navigating in an urban field setting was examined. Sixty pedestrians were stopped at one of three locations in the same neighborhood, one on a street orthogonal to the local grid pattern and two on streets oblique to the local grid pattern. They were asked to point to several nonvisible targets, both local features and cardinal directions. Pointing error on four of the five targets was greater on both oblique streets than on the orthogonal street, especially for the cardinal directions; response time was greater only on the second oblique street, a secondary street that is connected to the local grid system via the first oblique street. Length of residency was related to both accuracy and response speed. Results demonstrate that environmental orientation depends in part on the angularity of route structure, the disorienting effect of oblique routes being due to memory distortion or imprecision associated with oblique routes.
Nanowell-patterned TiO2 microcantilevers for calorimetric chemical sensing (2014)

A sensitive calorimetric sensor using a TiO2 microcantilever with nanowells patterned on one of its sides is described. This single material cantilever is sensitive to temperature change without relying on the metal deposition-based bimetallic effect. The thermomechanical sensitivity originates from the structure dependent variations in both the elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient due to the presence of ordered nanowells. These cantilever beams offer an alternate and efficient chemical sensing route for vapor phase analytes using photothermal spectroscopy. Selective and sensitive detection of organophosphorus compounds, as well as their photocatalytic decomposition under ultraviolet light exposure are demonstrated.
Responses of Irregularly Discharging Chinchilla Semicircular Canal Vestibular-Nerve Afferents During High-Frequency Head Rotations (2004)

Mammalian vestibular-nerve afferents innervating the semicircular canals have been divided into groups according to their discharge regularity, gain at 2-Hz rotational stimulation, and morphology. Low-gain irregular afferents terminate in calyx endings in the central crista, high-gain irregular afferents synapse more peripherally in dimorphic (bouton and calyx) endings, and regular afferents terminate in the peripheral zone as bouton-only and dimorphic endings. The response dynamics of these three groups have been described only up to 4 Hz in previous studies. Reported here are responses of chinchilla semicircular canal vestibular-nerve afferents to rotational stimuli at frequencies up to 16 Hz. The sensitivity of all afferents increased with increasing frequency with the sensitivity of low-gain irregular afferents increasing the most and matching the high-gain irregular afferents at 16 Hz. All afferents increased their phase lead with respect to stimulus velocity at higher frequencies with the highest leads in low-gain irregular afferents and the lowest in regular afferents. No attenuation of sensitivity or shift in phase consistent with the presence of a high-frequency pole over the range tested was noted. Responses were best fit with a torsion-pendulum model combined with a lead operator (tau(HF1)s + 1)(tau(HF2)s + 1). The discharge regularity of individual afferents was correlated to the value of each afferent's lead operator time constants. These findings suggest that low-gain irregular afferents are well suited for encoding the onset of rapid head movements, a property that would be advantageous for initiation of reflexes with short latency such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
A Novel Real-Time Human Operator Performance Model for Performing Adaptive System Design (2013)

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the development of a tool used in a design framework forperforming real time human-in-the-loop system design using virtual environments. The designframework, known as virtual design tools, requires a human operator performance model (HOPM)component. The model aids in the development of adaptive optimal solutions for qualitative design byproviding consistent control decisions. This paper presents the design process for a controller thatemulates real-time human operator perception and experience for automatic control applications usingfuzzy logic. The design technique was successfully applied to a four degree of freedom articulated wheelloader with the task of following a desired trajectory. Variable driving styles were obtainable by alteringthe HOPM's perception while maintaining a fixed common sense rule-base. The success of thistechnique demonstrates that it is applicable to a wide range of human-in-the-loop problems and inintelligent vehicle algorithm development.
Systematic phenome analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> multiple‐knockout mutants reveals hidden reactions in central carbon metabolism (2009)

Central carbon metabolism is a basic and exhaustively analyzed pathway. However, the intrinsic robustness of the pathway might still conceal uncharacterized reactions. To test this hypothesis, we constructed systematic multiple-knockout mutants involved in central carbon catabolism in Escherichia coli and tested their growth under 12 different nutrient conditions. Differences between in silico predictions and experimental growth indicated that unreported reactions existed within this extensively analyzed metabolic network. These putative reactions were then confirmed by metabolome analysis and in vitro enzymatic assays. Novel reactions regarding the breakdown of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to erythrose-4-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate were observed in transaldolase-deficient mutants, without any noticeable changes in gene expression. These reactions, triggered by an accumulation of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, were catalyzed by the universally conserved glycolytic enzymes ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase and aldolase. The emergence of an alternative pathway not requiring any changes in gene expression, but rather relying on the accumulation of an intermediate metabolite may be a novel mechanism mediating the robustness of these metabolic networks.
Incorporating End-to-End Speech Recognition Models for Sentiment Analysis (2019)

Previous work on emotion recognition demonstrated a synergistic effect of combining several modalities such as auditory, visual, and transcribed text to estimate the affective state of a speaker. Among these, the linguistic modality is crucial for the evaluation of an expressed emotion. However, manually transcribed spoken text cannot be given as input to a system practically. We argue that using ground-truth transcriptions during training and evaluation phases leads to a significant discrepancy in performance compared to real-world conditions, as the spoken text has to be recognized on the fly and can contain speech recognition mistakes. In this paper, we propose a method of integrating an automatic speech recognition (ASR) output with a character-level recurrent neural network for sentiment recognition. In addition, we conduct several experiments investigating sentiment recognition for human-robot interaction in a noise-realistic scenario which is challenging for the ASR systems. We quantify the improvement compared to using only the acoustic modality in sentiment recognition. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on the Multimodal Corpus of Sentiment Intensity (MOSI) by achieving 73,6% accuracy in a binary sentiment classification task, exceeding previously reported results that use only acoustic input. In addition, we set a new state-of-the-art performance on the MOSI dataset (80.4% accuracy, 2% absolute improvement).
Lyme disease spirochetes induce human and murine interleukin 1 production. (1985)

IL 1 is a major immunoregulatory molecule produced by macrophages, and it appears to be the molecular orchestrator of nonspecific host defense mechanisms against a variety of environmental insults. Many investigators have used artificial agents to stimulate macrophages to produce IL 1. We now report production of large quantities of IL 1 after a physiologic stimulus. The Lyme disease spirochete, recently isolated and adapted for growth in vitro, was used to stimulate P388D1 cells or human peripheral blood monocytes. Spirochetes were added to confluent macrophage cultures in serum-free RPMI at a ratio of 10:1. The release of IL 1 was dose-dependent. The 24-hr supernatant IL 1 activity was determined by using the thymocyte Con A co-mitogenesis assay. Activity was not due to an endotoxin on, or produced by, the spirochete. A polymyxin B affinity column failed to remove activity, and polymyxin B in the spirochete-macrophage culture had no effect on IL 1 production. Supernatants were collected, were concentrated, and were subjected to size exclusion HPLC. Three areas of activity were found in P388D1 cell supernatants (Mr greater than 60,000, 40,000, and 20,000), whereas two peaks (Mr 23,000 and 13,000) were found in human monocyte supernatants. The Mr 20,000 and 13,000 peaks from murine and human cell supernatants, respectively, were subjected to SDS-PAGE and were shown to be single bands (Mr 12,400 for the mouse IL 1 and Mr 13,500 for the human IL 1). Isoelectric focusing of column-purified IL 1 preparations showed two different pI in both human (pI 7.25 and 4.4 to 5) and murine (pI 7.25 and 5.55) IL 1. Fibroblasts cultured with murine or human IL 1 preparations demonstrated both an increase in secreted collagenase and increased cell proliferation. Thus, a physiologic stimulus and simple biochemical techniques produce large amounts of very pure mouse or human IL 1. That this IL 1 is produced by Lyme disease spirochete-stimulated macrophages may explain some of the clinical manifestations of Lyme disease.
Analysis and Design of Planar, Spiral-Shaped, Transmission-Line Transformers (2007)

Coupled microstrip line theory is applied to analyze planar Ruthroff transmission-line transformers (TLTs). The results demonstrate that the TLT's low frequency response improves as the microstrip line's even-mode impedance increases, whereas the ratio of load impedance to the line's odd-mode impedance controls the high frequency response. Analysis of an approximate model of coupled microstrip lines formed into a spiral leads to a technique for predicting the performance of planar, spiral-shaped, Ruthroff TLTs. Microwave measurements up to 10 GHz are compared with predictions from the model for regular and suspended Ruthroff TLTs fabricated through a multichip-module deposited (MCM-D) process
Porphyrin-centered Water-soluble Star-shaped Polymers: Poly(N-acetylethylenimine) and Poly(ethylenimine) Arms (1999)

Porphyrin-centered star-shaped polymers were synthesized through living cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline employing tetra(p-chloromethylphenyl)porphyrin (CMPP) and its zinc complex as initiators. The polymers were characterized by GPC, 1 H NMR and UV-vis and their properties were examined by fluorescence quenching.
Cationic Dyes (2008)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Definition and Classification 1.1. Dyes with Delocalized Charge 1.2. Dyes with Localized Charge 2. Applications 2.1. Dyeing of Synthetic Fibers 2.2. Dyeing of Paper, Leather, and Other Substrates 3. Economic Aspects