gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion Vector Coding in the HEVC Standard (2013)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is an emerging international video coding standard developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC). Compared to H.264/AVC, HEVC has achieved substantial compression performance improvement. During the HEVC standardization, we proposed several motion vector coding techniques, which were crosschecked by other experts and then adopted into the standard. In this paper, an overview of the motion vector coding techniques in HEVC is firstly provided. Next, the proposed motion vector coding techniques including a priority-based derivation algorithm for spatial motion candidates, a priority-based derivation algorithm for temporal motion candidates, a surrounding-based candidate list, and a parallel derivation of the candidate list, are also presented. Based on HEVC test model 9 (HM9), experimental results show that the combination of the proposed techniques achieves on average 3.1% bit-rate saving under the common test conditions used for HEVC development.
Branch‐Price‐and‐Cut Algorithms (2011)

Abstract In many mixed integer programs there is some embedded problem structure which can be exploited, often by a decomposition. When the relaxation in each node of a branch‐and‐bound tree is solved by column generation, one speaks of branch‐and‐price. Optionally, cutting planes can be added in order to strengthen the relaxation, and this is called branch‐price‐and‐cut . We introduce the common concepts of convexification and discretization to arrive at a Dantzig–Wolfe type reformulation of a mixed integer program. The relation between the original and the extended formulations helps us understand how cutting planes should be formulated and how branching decisions can be taken while keeping the column generation subproblems manageable.
FCRA: Femtocell Cluster-Based Resource Allocation Scheme for OFDMA Networks (2011)

Recently, operators have resorted to femtocell networks in order to enhance indoor coverage and quality of service since macro-antennas fail to reach these objectives. Nevertheless, they are confronted to many challenges to make a success of femtocells deployment. In this paper, we address the issue of resources allocation in femtocell networks using OFDMA technology (e.g., WiMAX, LTE). Specifically, we propose a hybrid centralized/distributed resource allocation strategy namely Femtocell Cluster-based Resource Allocation (FCRA). Firstly, FCRA builds disjoint femtocell clusters. Then, within a cluster the optimal resource allocation for each femtocell is performed by its cluster-head. Finally, the contingent collisions among different clusters are fixed. To achieve this, we formulate the problem mathematically as Min-Max optimization problem. Performance analysis shows that FCRA converges to the optimal solution in small-sized networks and outperforms two prominent related schemes (C-DFP and DRA) in large-sized ones. The results concern the throughput satisfaction rate, the spectrum spatial reuse, and the convergence time metrics.
Getting the Point—Mutations in Maize (2007)

Point mutations are important tools for understanding gene functions and genetic interactions, as well as for identifying neomorphs. The Maize Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Project has been established to provide reverse genetics resources that can screen ethyl methonyl sulfonate (EMS)–mutagenized populations of maize ( Zea mays L.) for individuals carrying point mutations in virtually any gene in the genome. In addition, a variation on TILLING, EcoTILLING, can be used on Maize Diversity Lines to gauge how much genetic diversity is present in maize germplasm at any given locus. The maize populations developed for TILLING, in the B73 and W22 inbred lines, also serve as an excellent and publicly available forward genetics resource.
High-density electrostatic carrier doping in organic single-crystal transistors with polymer gel electrolyte (2006)

High-density carrier accumulation in organic semiconductors is demonstrated in Au∕polymer gel electrolyte/rubrene crystal∕SiO2∕doped Si dual-gate transistors, forming electric double layers in the polymer gel. Application of only 1.2V across the polymer gel electrolyte drastically enhances the conductance of the rubrene single crystal with the field-induced carrier density up to ∼5×1013cm−2. Directly comparing the transfer characteristics of the same device channel in the dual-gate transistors revealed that the achieved doping level is beyond the maximum of the SiO2-based transistor on the opposite side of the organic crystal.
Evaluative Case Study of a Summer Academy Program (2005)

The demands for technological workers have prompted a national effort to encourage all sectors of the population to consider careers in mathematics and science (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, NCTM, 1989; NSF, 1988; Task Force, 1989). Yet students are not electing to enroll in science in school. One possible solution to increase interest in science is through summer programs. The Summer Academy in Plant Biology and Transgenics hosted by the Western Oklahoma State College, the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation and the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, is an intervention program in science for talented students and, in particular minorities and girls. This program is informed by the current research, employs a reformed curriculum and involves students working alongside practicing scientists in a highly interactive science experience and appears to have many positive aspects that enable it to reach its goals.
Impaired Neuropathic Pain and Preserved Acute Pain in Rats Overexpressing Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Subunit Kv1.2 in Primary Afferent Neurons (2014)

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are critical in controlling neuronal excitability and are involved in the induction of neuropathic pain. Therefore, Kv channels might be potential targets for prevention and/or treatment of this disorder. We reported here that a majority of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were positive for Kv channel alpha subunit Kv1.2. Most of them were large and medium, although there was a variety of sizes. Peripheral nerve injury caused by lumbar (L)5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) produced a time-dependent reduction in the number of Kv1.2-positive neurons in the ipsilateral L5 DRG, but not in the contralateral L5 DRG. Such reduction was also observed in the ipsilateral L5 DRG on day 7 after sciatic nerve axotomy. Rescuing nerve injury-induced reduction of Kv1.2 in the injured L5 DRG attenuated the development and maintenance of SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity without affecting acute pain and locomotor function. This effect might be attributed to the prevention of SNL-induced upregulation of endogenous Kv1.2 antisense RNA, in addition to the increase in Kv1.2 protein expression, in the injured DRG. Our findings suggest that Kv1.2 may be a novel potential target for preventing and/or treating neuropathic pain.
Preparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. VIII. A Proposed Alternating Intramolecular-Intermolecular Chain Propagation<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. VIII. A Proposed Alternating Intramolecular-Intermolecular Chain Propagation1George B. Butler and Rudolph J. AngeloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 12, 3128–3131Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01569a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01569a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1480Altmetric-Citations303LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Study of Fuel Economy Additive Formulation Technology for Passenger Car Motor Oil and Development of a Screener Test for Fuel Economy (2013)

The motored engine friction torque test has been developed for the purpose of evaluating various additive formulations. Difference in frictional behavior using different additive chemistries were observed and the importance of the additive chemistry for fuel economy was indicated. Sequence VID engine testing was conducted and the correlation between the motored engine friction torque test and Sequence VID was considered. Excellent correlation between the motored friction torque tests and Sequence VID FEI 1 was demonstrated. However, excellent correlation with FEI 2 was not observed at any conditions of the motored engine friction torque test. Also, the motored engine friction torque test correlates with vehicle fuel consumption with JC08H and 10.15 modes on a chassis dynamometer test.
What happens to your brain on the way to Mars (2015)

As NASA prepares for the first manned spaceflight to Mars, questions have surfaced concerning the potential for increased risks associated with exposure to the spectrum of highly energetic nuclei that comprise galactic cosmic rays. Animal models have revealed an unexpected sensitivity of mature neurons in the brain to charged particles found in space. Astronaut autonomy during long-term space travel is particularly critical as is the need to properly manage planned and unanticipated events, activities that could be compromised by accumulating particle traversals through the brain. Using mice subjected to space-relevant fluences of charged particles, we show significant cortical- and hippocampal-based performance decrements 6 weeks after acute exposure. Animals manifesting cognitive decrements exhibited marked and persistent radiation-induced reductions in dendritic complexity and spine density along medial prefrontal cortical neurons known to mediate neurotransmission specifically interrogated by our behavioral tasks. Significant increases in postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) revealed major radiation-induced alterations in synaptic integrity. Impaired behavioral performance of individual animals correlated significantly with reduced spine density and trended with increased synaptic puncta, thereby providing quantitative measures of risk for developing cognitive decrements. Our data indicate an unexpected and unique susceptibility of the central nervous system to space radiation exposure, and argue that the underlying radiation sensitivity of delicate neuronal structure may well predispose astronauts to unintended mission-critical performance decrements and/or longer-term neurocognitive sequelae.
Glass Wafer Processing And Inspection For Qualification Of Reticles In A Fineline Wafer Stepper Production Facility (1985)

The concept of VLSI chip fabrication in a step and repeat lithography based facility varies significantly from that of the conventional 1:1 aligner based process. Whereas a 1:1 mask contains over 100 possible chip sites covering a five inch wafer, a 5:1 stepper reticle may contain as few as one chip site per exposure with two to four being more typical. This small reticle array is the stepped across the wafer to fill all possible chip postitions on the wafer. If a printable defect exists on the reticle then the final dis yield will directly experience a loss of anywhere from 25% (four chips per reticle) to 100% (one chip per reticle) of the potential chips in all lots exposed with that reticle.
Beneficial effects of Vitamin D receptor agonists on retinal autoimmunity (131.30) (2007)

Abstract 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) is a seco-steroid hormone of multiple bioactivities that regulates the differentiation, growth and function of a broad range of cells, including cells of the immune system, by binding to the nuclear Vitamin D receptor (VDR). BXL-35 is a synthetic analog of calcitriol with reduced effects on calcium metabolism. We examined their ability to inhibit experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), an autoimmune disease mediated by Th1/Th17-type response, which serves as a model for human posterior uveitis. B10.RIII mice were immunized with an uveitogenic regimen of 8 μg IRBP in CFA and treated orally with calcitriol or with BXL-35, throughout (prevention) or starting 7 days after EAU induction (reversal). Calcitriol at 0.5 μg/kg and BXL-35 at 10 μg/kg prevented EAU and reduced Ag specific IFN-γ and IL-17 production by primed lymph node cells. In addition, BXL-35 but not calcitriol was able to reverse EAU at sub-toxic doses. Mechanistic studies revealed that dendritic cells from mice treated with calcitriol had reduced production of IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12/23p40. Furthermore, calcitriol directly inhibited the ability of purified CD4+T cells to produce IL-17 in response to CD3/CD28 engagement under conditions favoring Th17 polarization. In contrast, calcitriol had no effect on the ability of T cells to adhere to endothelial cell monolayers. Our study suggests that the protective effects of VDR agonists on retinal autoimmunity involve direct and indirect inhibition of priming and function of autopathogenic T cells.
Improving students' motivation to study using salary prediction system (2016)

This paper proposes a salary prediction system for increasing students' motivation in studying. A decision tree technique is used to generate a prediction model with seven features. We evaluated the system efficiency using 13,541 records of graduated student data in 10-fold cross validation. An accuracy result in overall is 41.39%. Furthermore, we exploit questionnaires to evaluate effectiveness of the system with 50 student samples. The result shows that the system can effectively boost students' motivation in studying and also show them a positive viewpoint of their future. At last, the sampling students answer the positive satisfaction in using the system since they found the system is easy to use and the prediction results are simple and comprehensible.
Regulation of Gene Expression by Interferons: Control of H-2 Promoter Responses (1988)

The magnitude of the response to interferons and the requirement for individual elements in the promoter of the H-2Dd gene were shown to be cell-specific and dependent on the type of interferon used. Three DNA sequences in the promoter were found to bind murine nuclear factors. Two of these sequences are in functionally defined enhancer regions and also bind to the transcription factor AP-1. The third sequence is part of the region involved in interferon regulation and is homologous to the enhancer element of the interferon beta gene. A model for interferon regulation of H-2 promoters is discussed.
In vitro Digestion of Hydroxypropyl Derivatives of Wheat Starch. I. Digestibility and Action Pattern Using Porcine Pancreatic alpha‐Amylase (1981)

Abstract The digestion by Porcine Pancreatic α‐Amylase (PPA) of a number of laboratory prepared hydroxypropyl wheat starches was examined. For the gelatinized starches, digestibility decreased, and the action pattern of the enzyme tended to favour non‐repetitive attack, as degree of substitution increased. In the case of the raw starches digestibility increased with extent of modification. The reaction conditions used to prepare the modified starches had little effect on the digestibility of the gelatinized starch but caused some increase in that of the raw material.
게임이론을 이용한 다자간 협상의 연구 (2011)

본 연구에서는 다자 협상이 양자 협상과 달리 타결이 어려운 점을 살펴보고 가능한 해결전략을 시도해보았다. 양자협상의 경우는 상호 이해구조가 합치하면 통나무굴리기식 방법으로 통합적 해결이 가능하지만, 다자 협상에서는 협상인원의 증가와 함께 이해구조의 복합성이 증가하고 따라서 양자협상에서 쓰이는 방법으로는 합의를 보기 어렵고 오히려 중요한 것을 포기하는 역통나무굴리기식 방법을 사용함으로써 좋은 결과를 얻는 경우가 있다. 하지만 이 방법은 이익을 추구하는 개인에게는 반직관적이며 따라서 발견되고 사용되기 어려운 점이 있다. 그렇다면 어떤 조건하에서 사람들은 자신의 이익을 양보하고 전체 협상결과를 최적으로 이끌 수 있을까. 이를 알아보기 위해 본 연구에서는 세 차례의 연구조사에서 게임 이론을 이용한 다자간 협상의 과제를 통해 해결 여부와 이에 영향을 주는 요소를 분석하였다.
Efficient karyotyping of metaphase chromosomes using incremental learning (2013)

Automated karyotyping for chromosome classification is an essential task in cytogenetics for diagnosis of genetic disorders and has therefore been an important pattern recognition problem. The existing learning approaches generally discard the previously acquired knowledge and often require retraining, leading to space and time complexities. Incremental learning methods have gained popularity in the current learning scenarios to deal with these issues. This study proposes a novel approach of incremental learning for chromosomes classification for automated karyotyping of metaphase chromosomes. It addresses the issue of catastrophic forgetting with the generation of new class and performs knowledge amassing to classify the chromosomes in Denver groups (A–G). The adaptive nature of the proposed method contributes to its sustained accuracy even for dynamically changing data. An average classification accuracy of 97% is achieved with experimentation on 1800 chromosomes from a publicly available database.
A new approach to automatic base station placement in mobile network (2002)

The tremendous growth in the demand for mobile services has resulted in an explosion in base station (BS) density and network complexity, making the conventional manual planning processes highly inefficient. An innovative approach for automatic BS placement is presented in this paper. The powerful optimization strategy forms the core of the automatic process, which determines the number of BS, their locations and configurations to achieve a high-quality network.
Three‐Dimensional Nanostructures for Photonics (2010)

Abstract Recent progress in direct laser writing of three‐dimensional (3D) polymer nanostructures for photonics is reviewed. This technology has reached a level of maturity at which it can be considered as the 3D analogue of planar electron‐beam lithography. Combined with atomic‐layer deposition and/or chemical‐vapor deposition of dielectrics—the 3D analogues of planar evaporation technologies, the 3D polymer templates can be converted or inverted into 3D high‐refractive‐index‐contrast nanostructures. Examples discussed in this review include positive and inverse 3D silicon‐based woodpile photonic crystals possessing complete photonic bandgaps, novel optical resonator designs within these structures, 3D chiral photonic crystals for polarization‐state manipulation, and 3D icosahedral photonic quasicrystals. The latter represent a particularly complex 3D nanostructure.
Comparison between mechanical properties of human saphenous vein and umbilical vein (2012)

Blood pressure is very high in the region of aorta, so there should be a stiff blood vessel in this area and previous investigations showed that stiffer vessels would have a better influence on the flow of bypass. To this end, the current study has made an attempt to compare these two blood vessels' stiffness, finding that Saphenous vein is stiffer than umbilical vein which is somehow as stiff as rat aortic vessels. As blood vessel's stiffness is directly related to elastin and mainly collagen content, results showed the lower amount of these two contents in umbilical vein regarding Saphenous vein.
A 2.7Gbps &#x00026; 1.62Gbps dual-mode clock and data recovery for DisplayPort (2008)

This paper describes a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit that support dual data rates of 2.7 Gbps and 1.62 Gbps for DisplayPort sink device. This CDR uses the half-rate linear phase detector (PD). A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is proposed to change the operating frequency of half-rate clock with a ldquoModerdquo switch control. This work is implemented 0.18 mum CMOS process. The device exhibits peak-to-peak jitters of 12 ps and 14 ps in the recovered clock with random data inputs. The power dissipation is 81 mW from a 1.8 V supply.
EncSwift and key management: An integrated approach in an industrial setting (2017)

The following topics are dealt with: telecommunication security; security of data; data privacy; cloud computing; cryptography; computer network security; mobile computing; wireless channels; Internet; authorisation.
Preparing Libraries in Escherichia coli (2003)

The process of preparing libraries of mutagenized or recombined gene sequences for screening or selection in Escherichia coli is a special application of cohesive-end subcloning (1). PCR products are digested with restriction endonucleases, ligated into an expression vector digested with the same enzymes, and the resultant recombinant plasmids are transformed into supercompetent bacteria. One difference between routine subcloning of a single gene and preparing libraries is that in the latter case, there can be little allowance for the presence of transformants containing recircularized vector and no insert (so-called “background” ligation products). Furthermore, ligation and transformation of the recombinant plasmids must be performed using materials and conditions that yield a sufficient number of transformants (∼103–105) for identifying variants exhibiting desired properties.
Palm: an integrated parallelism enhancement environment with static-dynamic scheduling (1992)

While everyone agrees that algorithm, compiler, and architecture should operate hand in hand to produce the most efficient parallel code, a unified research effort leading to an environment that a user can quickly use to map a 'dusty deck' as well as software in newer languages to an efficient code for a variety of commercial compilers and architectures, has been lacking. The authors have undertaken an integrated approach leading to an environment that may be used for both important classes of architectures: shared memory, and private memory MIMD machines in a language independent manner. Various utilities permit measurement of potential parallelism in an algorithmic step, perform source code modification to assist the compiler in utilizing the embedded parallelism, and tune the code to a specific architecture. The Static Dynamic Scheduler, which is a part of the environment estimates the processor requirements of basic blocks of given program and allocates the processors partially at compile time and partially at run time, to obtain a good tradeoff between speedup and utilization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 35 dBm Output Power and 38 dB Linear Gain PA With 44.9% Peak PAE at 1.9 GHz in 40 nm CMOS (2016)

This paper presents a 1.9 GHz linear power amplifier (PA) architecture that improves its power efficiency in the power back-off (PBO) region. The combination of power transistor segmentation and digital gain compensation effectively enhances its power efficiency. A fast switching scheme is proposed, such that PA drivers and segments are switched ON and OFF according to signal power; thus, the PA power consumption correlates with the power of the input signal. Binary power gain variations due to PA segmentation are dynamically compensated in the digital domain. The proposed solution overcomes the tradeoffs between power efficiency and linearity by employing the digital predistortion technique. The PA is implemented in a 40 nm CMOS process. It delivers a saturated output power of 35 dBm with 44.9% peak power-added efficiency (PAE) and a linear gain of 38 dB. The adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) at ±5 MHz at a maximum linear output power of 31 dBm for a baseband WCDMA signal is -35.8 dBc.