gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solar concentrators with maximal concentration for cylindrical absorbers (1976)

The differential equation is derived that describes the reflector of an ideal two-dimensional radiation concentrator with an absorber of arbitrary convex shape. For the special case of an absorber with circular cross section, the equation can be solved in closed form if suitable coordinates are used. The effect of absorption at the reflector is considered, and formulas are presented for determining the attenuation of radiation on its passage from aperture to absorber.
Specifying and verifying sparse matrix codes (2010)

Sparse matrix formats are typically implemented with low-level imperative programs. The optimized nature of these implementations hides the structural organization of the sparse format and complicates its verification. We define a variable-free functional language (LL) in which even advanced formats can be expressed naturally, as a pipeline-style composition of smaller construction steps. We translate LL programs to Isabelle/HOL and describe a proof system based on parametric predicates for tracking relationship between mathematical vectors and their concrete representations. This proof theory automatically verifies full functional correctness of many formats. We show that it is reusable and extensible to hierarchical sparse formats.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (1978)

Fifty clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae received by the Streptococcus Laboratory of the Center for Disease Control from August 1976 through March 1977 and 50 pneumococcal strains retrieved from 13- to 16-year storage (originally isolated October 1961 through December 1964) were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents by disk-agar diffusion and agar dilution tests. No appreciable differences in susceptibility patterns were apparent between the two groups, and, except for one isolate, all were highly susceptible to every drug tested except gentamicin. This single isolate required higher drug concentrations to inhibit macroscopic growth and had corresponding decrements in zones of disk inhibition with penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin. An additional 43 pneumococci recently received from various areas of the United States and Canada were screened by a disk agar diffusion method for penicillin resistance. Four of these isolates had penicillin zone diameters <30 mm, and subsequent agar dilution test results showed that the penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations were elevated with these organisms. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pneumococci to antimicrobials other than penicillin and its analogs have not changed substantially in over a decade. However, due to the emergence of strains with decreased susceptibility to penicillin, the screening test for penicillin resistance in pneumococci, especially in isolates from spinal fluid and blood, could be clinically useful as an aid in selecting optimal therapy.
Influence of the relative refractive index on the depolarization of multiply scattered waves (2001)

Using the theory of radiative transfer, we investigate the interaction between polarized waves and a multiple scattering medium as functions of the relative index of refraction. To study this problem, we consider circularly and linearly polarized continuous waves incident upon a medium containing spherical scatterers. With an accurate spectral method, we compute the transmitted Stokes parameters through media containing different sized scatterers and different indices of refraction. Our numerical results show that the circular depolarization length exhibits a strong dependence on the relative index of refraction, while the linear depolarization length does not.
JOXM: Java Object XML Mapping (2008)

Java Object XML Mapping (JOXM) is a library that supports the automated persistence and querying of Java objects in a native XML database. The goal of this library is to provide a suitable alternative to standard object-relational mapping (ORM) tools, most notably Hibernate. Unlike techniques such as XML-relational persistence, the storage mechanism provided by JOXM is transparent, allowing the developer to store, retrieve, and query typed Java objects as opposed to plain XML data.
Mapping and manipulating the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptome using a transcription factor overexpression-derived regulatory network (2014)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis senses and responds to the shifting and hostile landscape of the host. To characterize the underlying intertwined gene regulatory network governed by approximately 200 transcription factors of M. tuberculosis, we have assayed the global transcriptional consequences of overexpressing each transcription factor from an inducible promoter. We cloned and overexpressed 206 transcription factors in M. tuberculosis to identify the regulatory signature of each. We identified 9,335 regulatory consequences of overexpressing each of 183 transcription factors, providing evidence of regulation for 70% of the M. tuberculosis genome. These transcriptional signatures agree well with previously described M. tuberculosis regulons. The number of genes differentially regulated by transcription factor overexpression varied from hundreds of genes to none, with the majority of expression changes repressing basal transcription. Exploring the global transcriptional maps of transcription factor overexpressing (TFOE) strains, we predicted and validated the phenotype of a regulator that reduces susceptibility to a first line anti-tubercular drug, isoniazid. We also combined the TFOE data with an existing model of M. tuberculosis metabolism to predict the growth rates of individual TFOE strains with high fidelity. This work has led to a systems-level framework describing the transcriptome of a devastating bacterial pathogen, characterized the transcriptional influence of nearly all individual transcription factors in M. tuberculosis, and demonstrated the utility of this resource. These results will stimulate additional systems-level and hypothesis-driven efforts to understand M. tuberculosis adaptations that promote disease.
HCS: decision procedure for an interlayer handover (2003)

The implementation of a hierarchical cell structure (HCS) for covering areas with high traffic load can increase the network performance. In general, three types of cells (layers) can be distinguished. These are picocells (picolayer), microcells (microlayer), and macrocells (macrolayer). The HCS technique is especially suitable if the traffic is generated from different user classes with regards to their average speed (e.g. pedestrians, slow vehicles, fast vehicles, etc.). There are two driving factors: (i) increasing the network capacity, which promotes use of small cells (e.g. microcells); and (ii) decreasing the number of handovers, which promotes use of larger cells (e.g. macrocells). An HCS system has one major impact on the radio resource management (RRM) that is dividing the available radio resources into parts for each layer. The amount of dedicated bandwidth should provide an acceptable quality of service (QoS) for the offered traffic in a particular layer. However, due to the scarcity of the radio bandwidth these resources should be used very efficiently. An interlayer handover is a step forward in achieving higher bandwidth utilization. In this investigation the focus is on the interaction between the macrolayer and microlayer through the interlayer handover procedure.
Hierarchical MMSE linear equalization for multilayer coded modulation (2009)

A communication system using multilayer coded modulation is introduced to detail the basic principles of hierarchical combined equalization based on linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm. A simplified hierarchical equalizer's extrinsic information of base-layer for 4-QAM multilayer coded modulation is presented. A new hierarchical equalization method of base layer is applied to multilayer modulation. Simulation results show that compared with conventional equalization method, the proposed hierarchical equalization method works effectively for multilayer coded modulation and the simplified equalizer's extrinsic information algorithm is able to reduce the calculation complexity degrees of equalizer's extrinsic information without the loss of BER performance.
Optical Transfer of the Three-Dimensional Object*† (1967)

A transfer theory is developed that determines the image space, and three-dimensional image spectrum, of a 3–D object. For both incoherent and coherent illumination, the image is found to obey convolution, transfer, and sampling theorems that resemble the familiar results of ordinary 2-D theory. A 3-D transfer function is related to the pupil function of the image-forming optical system. One result of the theory is that with incoherent illumination, the object image space contains no more than 1/(λ3f/no.4) degrees of freedom/unit volume, where λ is the wavelength of light. The transfer theory is based on the existence of volumes of stationarity, termed “isotomes;” into which the object must be partitioned. Isotomicity is shown to be approximated, over sufficiently small volumes, in the diffraction-limited case.
Motivation as a Factor of Perceived Exertion in Purposeful versus Nonpurposeful Activity (1984)

Perceived exertion during the performance of purposeful and nonpurposeful activity was studied in 26 women. The subjects acted as their own controls in the performance of both kinds of exercise. The two exercises were jumping rope, defined as a purposeful activity, and jumping in place without a rope, defined as a nonpurposeful activity. In each activity the subjects exercised to reach the subjective point of "very hard work" on the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion. Duration and cessation of exercise were entirely controlled by the performers. Heart rate responses during and immediately after cessation of exercise, measured by electrocardiographic telemetry, and duration of exercise in seconds were compared for the two types of exercise. Results showed that heart rate increase at a given rate of perceived exertion was significantly higher (.001) for jumping rope. This raises the possibility that workload was inadvertently perceived by the performers to be greater in nonpurposeful activity and provides support for the hypothesis that purposeful activity serves as an intrinsic motivator to the performer.
Using carbon dioxide as a building block in organic synthesis (2015)

Carbon dioxide exits in the atmosphere and is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, the fermentation of sugars and the respiration of all living organisms. An active goal in organic synthesis is to take this carbon--trapped in a waste product--and re-use it to build useful chemicals. Recent advances in organometallic chemistry and catalysis provide effective means for the chemical transformation of CO₂ and its incorporation into synthetic organic molecules under mild conditions. Such a use of carbon dioxide as a renewable one-carbon (C1) building block in organic synthesis could contribute to a more sustainable use of resources.
Sonic Boom Minimization (1971)

There have been many attempts to reduce or eliminate the sonic boom. For supersonic aircrafts such attempts fall into two categories: (1) aerodynamic minimums and (2) exotic configurations. In the first category, changes in entropy and the Bernoulli constant are neglected, and equivalent body shapes required to minimize the overpressure, the shock pressure rise, and the impulse are deduced. These results include the beneficial effects of atmospheric stratification. In the second category, the effective length of the aircraft is increased by modifying the Bernoulli constant a significant fraction of the flow past the aircraft. A figure of merit is introduced which makes it possible to judge the effectiveness of such schemes. Finally, the sonic boom reductions that can be achieved by hypersonic flight at high altitudes are summarized.
Design of Domestic Sewage Treatment System Based on Programmable Logic Controller (2019)

This paper focuses on the design of software and hardware for the purification and recycling of domestic sewage discharged from a residential area. According to the characteristics of domestic sewage, the process used in this paper is determined to be Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process and the allocation of system input/output (I/O) port. According to the determination of the process flow to select appropriate instruments, sensors and other equipment, using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to design the system in manual mode and automatic mode of the program respectively, to achieve the function of sewage treatment.
The complexity of verifying memory coherence (2003)

The general problem of verifying coherence for shared-memory multiprocessor executions is NP-Complete. Verifying memory consistency models is therefore NP-Hard, because memory consistency models require coherence for some or all operations. However, verifying memory consistency remains NP-Complete for executions known to be coherent.
Aerial manipulation robot composed of an autonomous helicopter and a 7 degrees of freedom industrial manipulator (2014)

This paper is devoted to a system for aerial manipulation, composed of a helicopter and an industrial manipulator. The usage of an industrial manipulator is motivated by practical applications which were identified in different cooperation projects with the industry. We address the coupling between manipulator and helicopter and show that even in case when we have an ideal controller for manipulator and a highperformance controller for helicopter, an unbounded energy flow can be generated by internal forces between helicopter and manipulator if both controllers are used independently. To solve this problem we propose a new kinematical coupling for control by introducing an additional manipulation DoF realized by helicopter rotation around its yaw axis. The new experimental setup and required modifications in the manipulator controller for this purpose are described. Further, we propose dynamical coupling which is implemented by modification of the helicopter controller feeding the interaction force/torque, measured between manipulator base and fuselage, directly to the actuators of the rotor blades. At the end, we present experimental results for aerial manipulation and their analysis.
Randomization by minimization for unbalanced treatment allocation (2009)

Minimization is a dynamic randomization technique that has been widely used in clinical trials for achieving a balance of prognostic factors across treatment groups, but most often it has been used in the setting of equal treatment allocations. Although unequal treatment allocation is frequently encountered in clinical trials, an appropriate minimization procedure for such trials has not been published. The purpose of this paper is to present novel strategies for applying minimization methodology to such clinical trials. Two minimization techniques are proposed and compared by probability calculation and simulation studies. In the first method, called naïve minimization, probability assignment is based on a simple modification of the original minimization algorithm, which does not account for unequal allocation ratios. In the second method, called biased-coin minimization (BCM), probability assignment is based on allocation ratios and optimized to achieve an 'unbiased' target allocation ratio. The performance of the two methods is investigated in various trial settings including different number of treatments, prognostic factors and sample sizes. The relative merits of the different distance metrics are also explored. On the basis of the results, we conclude that BCM is the preferable method for randomization in clinical trials involving unequal treatment allocations. The choice of different distance metrics slightly affects the performance of the minimization and may be optimized according to the specific feature of trials.
Long Stroke Pumping Unit Driven By Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (2014)

Abstract At present, CNPC is using more than 120,000 conventional beam pumping units for oil production. The average efficiency of this conventional pumping system is only about 24%, so the energy consumption is very high. For energy-efficient, two types of long stroke pumping unit based on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) were developed: direct-drive pumping unit (DDPU) and chain transmission pumping unit (CTPU). For DDPU, the driving wheel is directly connected to a low-speed high-torque PMSM and drives the belt by friction to achieve oil pumping. The maximum polished rod load of DDPU is below 200kN. The CTPU is another version of DDPU: a chain transmission was added between the PMSM and driving wheel. CTPU is mainly larger type pumping unit, the maximum polished rod load of which is above 200kN. A DDPU is tested on X9-4 well in Jianghan oilfield and a CTPU is tested on Dugu-4 well in Liaohe oilfield. Test results show that both pumping units run smoothly and have low noise, and the stroke is stepless adjustable. Compared with the replaced conventional beam pumping units, the energy consumption for DDPU is 21 percent lower and for CTPU is 28 percent lower. Fewer pumping cycles result in decreased sucker rod vibration and higher pump filling factor. The dynamic indicator diagrams are much closer to the static indicator diagram. Now the two types of pumping unit have been deployed on more than 40 wells - mainly in Tarim oilfield for deep or viscous oil wells, and will be a new energy-saving and cost-reducing means of oil production.
A compiler of MATLAB to MaTX: compiling and linking of m-files to an executable program (2002)

In this paper we present a compiler of MATLAB to MaTX, a tool to automatically create mm-files of MaTX for any MATLAB m-files for using them in the interpreter (matx) and linking them to an executable program. The translator enables the user of MATLAB to benefit from the interactivity of the interpreter environment and the performance of the compiled and linked executable program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Better Alternative to Piecewise Linear Time Series Segmentation (2006)

Time series are difficult to monitor, summarize and predict. Segmentation organizes time series into few intervals having uniform characteristics (flatness, linearity, modality, monotonicity and so on). For scalability, we require fast linear time algorithms. The popular piecewise linear model can determine where the data goes up or down and at what rate. Unfortunately, when the data does not follow a linear model, the computation of the local slope creates overfitting. We propose an adaptive time series model where the polynomial degree of each interval vary (constant, linear and so on). Given a number of regressors, the cost of each interval is its polynomial degree: constant intervals cost 1 regressor, linear intervals cost 2 regressors, and so on. Our goal is to minimize the Euclidean (l_2) error for a given model complexity. Experimentally, we investigate the model where intervals can be either constant or linear. Over synthetic random walks, historical stock market prices, and electrocardiograms, the adaptive model provides a more accurate segmentation than the piecewise linear model without increasing the cross-validation error or the running time, while providing a richer vocabulary to applications. Implementation issues, such as numerical stability and real-world performance, are discussed.
Specific Detection of <i>Arcobacter</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> Strains in Water and Sewage by PCR and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (2003)

The aim of this study was to evaluate PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques for detecting Arcobacter and Campylobacter strains in river water and wastewater samples. Both 16S and 23S rRNA sequence data were used to design specific primers and oligonucleotide probes for PCR and FISH analyses, respectively. In order to assess the suitability of the methods, the assays were performed on naturally and artificially contaminated samples and compared with the isolation of cells on selective media. The detection range of PCR and FISH assays varied between 1 cell/ml (after enrichment) to 10(3) cells/ml (without enrichment). According to our results, both rRNA-based techniques have the potential to be used as quick and sensitive methods for detection of campylobacters in environmental samples.
Lysophosphatidylcholine Enhances Superoxide Anions Production via Endothelial NADH/NADPH Oxidase (2000)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anions (O2(-)) play a key role in atherogenesis, and endothelial cells have the ability to generate ROS. To investigate the enzymatic sources of ROS and the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an atherogenic lipid, we measured ROS production in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) by the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) method and electron spin resonance (ESR). BAEC homogenates had the enzymatic activity of NADH/NADPH oxidase. BAECs cultured on microcarrier beads generated O2(-) under basal conditions. The inhibition of NADH/ NADPH oxidase by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) significantly attenuated O2(-) production, whereas no inhibitors of other oxidases suppressed it. Although LPC enhanced O2(-) production approximately 3.1-fold, its action was suppressed by DPI. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly attenuated LPC-induced O2(-) production. ESR with DMPO demonstrated that LPC increased the formation of the DMPO-hydroxyl adduct in dose- and time-dependent manners. These data suggest that the basal production of O2(-) in endothelial cells is mainly mediated by the NADH/NADPH oxidase system and that LPC activates this oxidase to enhance O2(-) production through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. The enhancement of ROS production by LPC is probably involved in its atherogenic property.
REVIEWS (1989)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Uncommon Tongue: The Poetry and Criticism of Geoffrey Hill. By VINCENT SHERRY. Pp. xii+274Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987. $28. A. V. C. SCHMIDT A. V. C. SCHMIDT Balliol CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XL, Issue 158, May 1989, Pages 297–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XL.158.297 Published: 01 May 1989
Triphasic scaffolds for the regeneration of the bone–ligament interface (2016)

A triphasic scaffold (TPS) for the regeneration of the bone-ligament interface was fabricated combining a 3D fiber deposited polycaprolactone structure and a polylactic co-glycolic acid electrospun. The scaffold presented a gradient of physical and mechanical properties which elicited different biological responses from human mesenchymal stem cells. Biological test were performed on the whole TPS and on scaffolds comprised of each single part of the TPS, considered as the controls. The TPS showed an increase of the metabolic activity with culturing time that seemed to be an average of the controls at each time point. The importance of differentiation media for bone and ligament regeneration was further investigated. Metabolic activity analysis on the different areas of the TPS showed a similar trend after 7 days in both differentiation media. Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis showed a statistically higher activity of the TPS in mineralization medium compared to the controls. A different glycosaminoglycans amount between the TPS and its controls was detected, displaying a similar trend with respect to ALP activity. Results clearly indicated that the integration of electrospinning and additive manufacturing represents a promising approach for the fabrication of scaffolds for the regeneration of tissue interfaces, such as the bone-to-ligament one, because it allows mimicking the structural environment combining different biomaterials at different scales.