gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Activates Transcription of the Brown Fat Uncoupling Protein-1 Gene (2001)

High expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) differentiates brown fat from white, and is related to its high capacity of lipid oxidation. We analyzed the effects of PPARalpha activation on expression of the brown fat-specific uncoupling protein-1 (ucp-1) gene. Activators of PPARalpha increased UCP-1 mRNA levels severalfold both in primary brown adipocytes and in brown fat in vivo. Transient transfection assays indicated that the (-4551)UCP1-CAT construct, containing the 5'-regulatory region of the rat ucp-1 gene, was activated by PPARalpha co-transfection in a dose-dependent manner and this activation was potentiated by Wy 14,643 and retinoid X receptor alpha. The coactivators CBP and PPARgamma-coactivator-1 (PGC-1), which is highly expressed in brown fat, also enhanced the PPARalpha-dependent regulation of the ucp-1 gene. Deletion and point-mutation mapping analysis indicated that the PPARalpha-responsive element was located in the upstream enhancer region of the ucp-1 gene. This -2485/-2458 element bound PPARalpha and PPARgamma from brown fat nuclei. Moreover, this element behaved as a promiscuous responsive site to either PPARalpha or PPARgamma activation, and we propose that it mediates ucp-1 gene up-regulation associated with adipogenic differentiation (via PPARgamma) or in coordination with gene expression for the fatty acid oxidation machinery required for active thermogenesis (via PPARalpha).
Dynamics of pattern formation in cellular neural networks (2002)

This paper is a partial summary of some recent results that have been obtained to analyze pattern formation in some arrays of first-order dynamical systems. We discuss the dynamics of pattern formation and the way information, introduced as initial condition, is processed by such arrays, either locally or globally.
Optimum harvesting area of convex and concave polygon field for path planning of robot combine harvester (2019)

This paper presents an optimum harvesting area of a convex and concave polygon for the path planning of a robot combine harvester. A convenient optimum harvesting area for a convex and concave polygon is proposed. The notion is that path planning specifically for a robot combine harvester is required to choose the crop field optimum harvesting area; otherwise, crop losses may occur during harvesting of the field. For a safe turning margin of the robot combine harvester, the surrounding crop near the boundary zone is cut twice or thrice by manual operation. However, this surrounding cutting crop is not exactly straight, and sometimes it is curved or meanders. In addition, path planning with a conventional AB point method in order to take a corner position from the global positioning system by visual observation is a time-consuming operation. A curved or meandering crop is not cut and left in the field during harvesting, and the harvesting area is not optimum. Therefore, a suitable N-polygon algorithm and split of convex hull and cross-point method for determining the optimum harvesting area for path planning are proposed, which reduce the crop losses in the field. The results show that this developed algorithm estimates the optimum harvesting area for a convex or concave polygon field and its corner vertices, takes all crop portions, and reduces crop losses. It is also illustrated that the working path calculated based on the corner vertices minimizes the total operational processing time.
Numerical Simulation of Band Propagation in Nonlinear Chromatography (1987)

Abstract A model for the propagation of a finite concentration zone in a chroma-tographic column is discussed for the case of a single component sample. This model is based on the modern theory of nonlinear hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations. It accounts for the nonlinear effects due 1) to the thermodynamics of solute-stationary phase equilibrium (i.e., the nonlinearity of the equilibrium isotherm), 2) to the interaction between radial mass transfer and flow velocity (the sorption effect in gas chromatography), and 3) to the pressure gradient along the column (in gas chromatography). Numerical results are obtained by using the Godunov method. The column is divided into a large
Theory and performance of the acousto optic programmable dispersive filter used for femtosecond laser pulse shaping (2002)

A first order theory of operation of the acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter used for femtosecond laser pulse optimization and shaping is presented. The filter spectral resolution, angular aperture, number of programming points, diffraction efficiency as a function of acoustic power are addressed. The theory takes into account the dispersion effects induced by the Tellurium dioxyde crystal. Wideband or high resolution operations of the filter lead to two different crystal cut optimizations. The applications of the filter concern: i) the simultaneous compensations of high orders phase distorsions and of gain narrowing in laser chains, ii) the coherent control of electronic or vibrationnal transitions in atomic, molecular and condensed matter physics.
Developments in the chemical synthesis of naturally occurring DNA and RNA sequences with normal and unusual linkages (1987)

Abstract
AP-1 and Cbfa/Runt Physically Interact and Regulate Parathyroid Hormone-dependent MMP13 Expression in Osteoblasts through a New Osteoblast-specific Element 2/AP-1 Composite Element (2001)

The expression of MMP13 (collagenase-3), a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, is increased in vivo as well as in cultured osteosarcoma cell lines by parathyroid hormone (PTH), a major regulator of calcium homeostasis. Binding sites for AP-1 and Cbfa/Runt transcription factors in close proximity have been identified as cis-acting elements in the murine and rat mmp13 promoter required for PTH-induced expression. The cooperative function of these factors in response to PTH in osteoblastic cells suggests a direct interaction between AP-1 and Cbfa/Runt transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate interaction between c-Jun and c-Fos with Cbfa/Runt proteins. This interaction depends on the leucine zipper of c-Jun or c-Fos and the Runt domain of Cbfa/Runt proteins, respectively. Moreover, c-Fos interacts with the C-terminal part of Cbfa1 and Cbfa2, sharing a conserved transcriptional repression domain. In addition to the distal osteoblast-specific element 2 (OSE2) element in the murine and rat mmp13 promoter, we identified a new proximal OSE2 site overlapping with the TRE motif. Both interaction of Cbfa/Runt proteins with AP-1 and the presence of a functional proximal OSE2 site are required for enhanced transcriptional activity of the mmp13 promoter in transient transfected fibroblasts and in PTH-treated osteosarcoma cells.
Evaluation of Integrated Platoon-Priority and Advance Warning Flasher System at High-Speed Intersections (2009)

Most rural or suburban high-speed isolated intersections have higher traffic volumes on the major approach compared with the minor approach. Often these intersections are not close enough to one another to provide coordination and are not far enough apart to disperse vehicle platoons completely on the major approach. These major-approach vehicle platoons are forced to stop frequently because of conflicting calls placed by a few vehicles on the minor approach. As a result, these intersections operate poorly, especially during peak periods. In addition, advance warning flashers are used at these intersections to warn motorists of the end of the green. The conventional method uses the trailing overlap green, which holds the green for a fixed time after gap-out. This trailing overlap green replaces the existing dilemma-zone protection provided by loop detectors and also increases delay on the minor approach. Recently, platoon-priority signal control systems have been developed to progress platoons efficiently at these intersections. In addition, the Texas Transportation Institute has developed the advance warning end-of-green system to provide advance warning at these intersections without the necessity of holding the green after gap-out. In this study, these systems are integrated and the performance of the system is evaluated in terms of delay, stops, and advance warning time. Cabinet-in-the-loop tests performed with a real scenario suggested potential benefits of 50% reduction in delay and stops on the major approach experiencing platoons. It was also found that the total intersection delay and stops were reduced by as much as 20%.
Deactivation of small diameter fused silica capillary columns with organosilicon hydrides (1986)

Abstract Small diameter fused silica capillary columns (50–75 μm i.d.) were deactivated at relatively low temperatures (250–300°C) with a mixture of polymethylhydrosiloxanes and several lowmolecular‐weight organosilicon hydrides. Reproducible surface deactivations of highest quality were achieved with the polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) reagent. Deactivations performed with PMHS via dynamic coating with neat or diluted reagent were evaluated by gas chromatography. Deactivations achieved with organosiloxane mono‐, tri‐, and tetrahydrides were also evaluated and compared. Low‐molecular‐weight organosilicon hydride deactivations were less time consuming and required lower head pressures for filling and coating columns with the reagent. Critical surface tensions of capillary surfaces modified with PMHS and the low‐molecular‐weight organosilicon hydrides gave support to the dehydrocondensation reaction between silica surface silanols and silyhydride bonds of the reagents. Slopes from Zisman plots indicated that coverage of the surface ranged from highest for the polymer (PMHS) to lowest for the monomers (TMS and PMDS). Efficiency measurements showed the influence that surface modification had on the uniformity and stability of the coated capillary columns. Well‐deactivated capillary columns permitted the chromatography of polar solutes using supercritical carbon dioxide as mobile phase.
Only para-hydrogen spectroscopy (OPSY), a technique for the selective observation of para-hydrogen enhanced NMR signals (2007)

An NMR method is reported for the efficient removal of signals derived from nuclei with thermally equilibrated spin state populations whilst leaving, intact, signals derived from para-hydrogen induced polarisation (PHIP) through gradient assisted coherence selection.
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) protects rat cochlear hair cells in organotypical culture from aminoglycoside injury (1996)

Given the evidence that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) can protect neural and retinal cells from degeneration, we evaluated the potential of this growth factor to protect sensory cells in the inner ear. When sensory cells of the organ of Corti are exposed to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as neomycin either in vivo or in vitro, significant ototoxicity is observed. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of neomycin are dose and time dependent. In neonatal rat organ of Corti cultures, complete inner and outer hair cell destruction is observed at high (mM) concentrations of neomycin while inner hair cell survival and severely damaged outer hair cells are noted at moderate (microM) concentrations, with a maximal effect observed after 2 days of culture. Approximately 50% of cochlear outer hair cells are lost at a dose of 35 microM neomycin, and most surviving cells show disorganized stereocilia. Inner hair cells show primarily disorganization of their stereocilia. A significant protective effect is observed when the organ of Corti is pre-treated with FGF-2 (500 ng/ml) for 48 hours, and then FGF-2 is included with neomycin in the culture medium. A greater extent of outer hair cell survival and a significant decrease in stereociliary damage are noted with FGF-2. However, disorganization of inner hair cell stereocilia is unaffected by FGF-2. The protective effect of FGF-2 is specific, since interleukin-1B, nerve growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, and epidermal growth factor are ineffective, while retinoic acid and transforming growth factor alpha show only a moderate protective effect. These results confirm the potential of molecules like FGF-2 for preventing cell death due to a variety of causes.
Export and secretion of the lipoprotein Pullulanase by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (1987)

Pullulanase, a secreted lipoprotein of Klebsiella pneumoniae, is initially localized to the outer face of the outer membrane, as shown by protease and substrate accessibility and by immunofluorescence tests. Freeze-thaw disruption of these cells released both membrane-associated and apparently soluble forms of pullulanase. Membrane-associated pullulanase co-fractionated with authentic outer membrane vesicles upon isopycnic sucrose-gradient centrifugation, whereas the quasi-soluble form had the same equilibrium density as inner membrane vesicles and extracellular pullulanase aggregates. The latter also contained outer membrane maltoporin, but were largely devoid of other membrane components including LPS and lipids. K. pneumoniae carrying multiple copies of the pullulanase structural gene (pulA) produced increased amounts of cell-associated and secreted pullulanase, but a large proportion of the enzyme was neither exposed on the cell surface nor released into the medium, even after prolonged incubation. This suggests that factors necessary for pullulanase secretion were saturated by the over-produced pullulanase. When pulA was expressed under lacZ promotor control, the pullulanase which was produced was not exposed on the cell surface at any time, suggesting that pullulanase secretion genes are not expressed constitutively, and raising the possibility that they, like pulA, may be part of the maltose regulon.
ANESTHESIA MONITORING, ALARM PROLIFERATION, AND ECOLOGICAL INTERFACE DESIGN (2000)

The operating theatre is a noisy place with many uninformative and redundant alarms. Using data from a recent observational study, we demonstrate that anaesthetists actively respond to only 3.4% of all alarms. We outline a range of possible solutions to the alarm problem. Ecological Interface Design (EID) helps to outline the requirements for an information environment for anaesthetists and to indicate the possible benefits of continuous auditory signals. Our observational data are then “reworked” to give an indication of possible benefits of a continuous auditory display. Finally we indicate steps we are taking to test these ideas empirically.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids enhance axonal growth in primary sensory and cortical neuronal cell cultures (2010)

It has recently been reported that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the major enzyme that metabolizes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), is expressed in axons of cortical neurons; however, the functional relevance of axonal sEH localization is unknown. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate predominant axonal localization of sEH in primary cultures of not only cortical but also sympathetic and sensory neurons. Morphometric analyses of cultured sensory neurons indicate that exposure to a regioisomeric mixture of EETs (0.01-1.0 μM) causes a concentration-dependent increase in axon outgrowth. This axon promoting activity is not a generalized property of all regioisomers of EETs as axonal growth is enhanced in sensory neurons exposed to 14,15-EET but not 8,9- or 11,12-EET. 14,15-EET also promotes axon outgrowth in cultured cortical neurons. Co-exposure to EETs and either of two structurally diverse pharmacological inhibitors of sEH potentiates the axon-enhancing activity of EETs in sensory and cortical neurons. Mass spectrometry indicates that sEH inhibition significantly increases EETs and significantly decreases dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid metabolites in neuronal cell cultures. These data indicate that EETs enhance axon outgrowth and suggest that axonal sEH activity regulates EETs-induced axon outgrowth. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic use of sEH inhibitors in promoting nerve regeneration.
Structural requirements for opioid activity of analogues of the enkephalins (1977)

Abstract Structure-activity relations of a series of analogues of the two endo­genous morphine-like peptides, leucine-enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin are examined on the basis of (a) effects on the mouse vas deferens and the guinea pig ileum and (b) affinities for the rat brain opiate receptor. In the mouse vas deferens, metabolism of the peptides by proteolysis is not a major influence on activity. In contrast, however, brain opiate re­ceptor preparations contain an abundance of proteolytic enzymes, the effects of which can be minimized by conducting opiate receptor binding assays at 0 °C and in the presence of bacitracin. The potentiation of biological activity and opiate receptor binding affinity by replacing the Gly2 residue in the natural enkephalins by d-Ala, is discussed both in terms of increased stability of the Tyr-d-Ala bond to aminopeptidases and of the stabilization of the peptide conform­ation as present in the receptor-peptide complex. The substitution of the Leu5- or Met5-residue by the corresponding d-amino acid contributes little to proteolytic stability, which emphasizes that the predominating site at which metabolism occurs is the Tyr1-Gly2bond. Of the analogues described, [d-Ala2, d-Leu5]-enkephalin is the most active peptide in the three assay systems, the mouse vas deferens, the guinea pig ileum and the rat brain opiate receptor preparations. Substitutions by the respective d-amino acids d-Tyr and d-Phe at positions 1 and 4 reduce both the potency and binding affinity and emphasize the importance of stereochemical acceptability at these positions. The promotion of receptor binding by d-amino acids is examined, particularly with respect to implied peptide conformations. The experi­mental data have been analysed for the relative influence of metabolic and conformational factors.
High dose fluticasone propionate, 1 mg daily, versus fluticasone propionate, 2 mg daily, or budesonide, 1.6 mg daily, in patients with chronic severe asthma. International Study Group (1995)

Airway inflammation is now regarded as fundamental in the pathogenesis of asthma and treatment with inhaled corticosteroids has proved effective. There is a need for drugs in this category with higher topical potency but fewer side-effects than those presently available. A double-blind, parallel group study was conducted in 671 patients with severe asthma (already taking between 0.8-2.0 mg of inhaled corticosteroid daily) to compare the safety and efficacy of 6 weeks of treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP), 1 mg daily, to fluticasone propionate, 2 mg daily, and budesonide (BUD), 1.6 mg daily, delivered via a metered-dose inhaler. Peak expiratory flow (PEF), asthma symptoms, and usage of rescue medication were recorded daily by the patient. At each clinic visit (-2, 0, 3 and 6 weeks) morning serum cortisol levels, bone markers and spirometry were assessed. The changes in mean morning PEF from baseline (weeks 1-6) were: FP 2 mg daily +24 l.min-1; FP 1 mg daily +21 l.min-1; BUD 1.6 mg daily +13 l.min-1. A similar rank order for the three treatments was seen for evening PEF, clinic spirometry, reduction of diurnal PEF variation, symptom scores, and requirement for rescue bronchodilators. The mean serum cortisol levels remained well within the normal range in all three groups. Analysis of the geometric mean cortisol ratio (treatment/baseline ratio after 6 weeks treatment) showed a changed rank order, the values being: FP 1 mg daily 1.04; BUD 1.6 mg daily 0.97; FP 2 mg daily 0.88.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Simulation of Photon Propagation in Tissue Using Matlab (2013)

Abstract This paper deals with the light transport, photon trajectory and its radiation in tissue. A model based on Monte Carlo simulation has been implemented in Matlab to get inside into photon interaction with tissue. The project is aimed to non-invasive pulse oximetry measurement of fetal oxygen saturation in the maternal abdomen. One of the fundamental challenges is to ensure a sufficient penetration depth which covers maternal and fetal tissue. This contribution investigates the photon trajectories and analyse the number of photons which stayed in tissue and their radiation distribution. The principle and photon propagation rules, needed for simulation, are presented in this article. Finally the results are compared with literature.
Cross‐linking of VLA/CD29 molecule has a co‐mitogenic effect with anti‐CD3 on CD4 cell activation in serum‐free culture system (1991)

Abstract In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies reactive with a common β 1 subunit (CD29) of the VLA family of antigens could synergize with CD3 but not CD2 in inducing CD4 cell proliferation in a serum‐free culture system. The extent of activation was similar to that obtained when CD4 cells were cultured with anti‐CD3 plus fibronectin. The proliferative response induced via the CD3‐CD29 pathway was associated with the interleukin (IL) 2 autocrine pathway, including IL2 production and IL2 receptor expression. Specifically, cross‐linking of VLA‐5, but not other members of the VLA family of antigens with the CD3 molecule induced strong CD4 cell activation. However, cross‐linking of CD3 with other cell surface antigens such as CD4 did not induce CD4 cell activation in this serum‐free culture system. The above results strongly suggest that the VLA/CD29 family of antigens may play an important role in regulating CD4 T cell activation via the CD3‐T cell receptor pathway.
Linearly polarized orbital angular momentum mode purity measurement in optical fibers (2017)

We presented a simple method for measuring the mode purity of linearly polarized orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in optical fibers. The method is based on the analysis of OAM beam projections filtered by a polarizer. The amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of a data ring derived from the beam pattern are obtained by Fourier transform. Then the coefficients of the mixed electric field expression can be determined and the mode purity can be obtained. The proposed method is validated and it is experimentally demonstrated in a two-mode fiber.
Medium access control protocols for multimedia traffic in wireless networks (1999)

This article presents a survey on medium access control protocols for multimedia traffic in wireless networks. A basic overview of MAC protocol concepts is presented, and a framework is developed on which to base qualitative comparisons. The MAC protocols covered include third-generation TDMA and CDMA schemes intended for use in a single-hop wireless system. The operation of each protocol is explained, and its advantages and disadvantages ore presented. Finally, a qualitative comparative outline of the discussed protocols is provided, based on multimedia traffic requirements.