gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolutional recurrent neural networks with hidden Markov model bootstrap for scene text recognition (2017)

Text recognition in natural scene remains a challenging problem due to the highly variable appearance in unconstrained condition. The authors develop a system that directly transcribes scene text images to text without character segmentation. They formulate the problem as sequence labelling. They build a convolutional recurrent neural network (RNN) by using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for modelling text appearance and RNNs for sequence dynamics. The two models are complementary in modelling capabilities and so integrated together to form the segmentation free system. They train a Gaussian mixture model–hidden Markov model to supervise the training of the CNN model. The system is data driven and needs no hand labelled training data. Their method has several appealing properties: (i) It can recognise arbitrary length text images. (ii) The recognition process does not involve sophisticated character segmentation. (iii) It is trained on scene text images with only word‐level transcriptions. (iv) It can recognise both the lexicon‐based or lexicon‐free text. The proposed system achieves competitive performance comparison with the state of the art on several public scene text datasets, including both lexicon‐based and non‐lexicon ones.
EEG signal classification during listening to native and foreign languages songs (2009)

This paper designs an experiment to analyze different EEG patterns while subjects are listening to different language songs. In the process of experiment, the subjects listen to multi-section songs. Every two songs have the same rhythm and only the lyrics are different, one in Chinese and the other in Japanese. The songs are sung by one singer and the Chinese subject dont know Japanese at all. At the same time we collect the EEG signals which are supposed to have very subtle difference corresponding to two kinds of songs. Then we use common spatial pattern algorithm to extract features and define an average energy function to represent them. After that we use support vector machine to learn and classify the EEG data. We find that the difference pattern mainly lay in low spectral band (0–0.5Hz), and concentrate on the left frontal area of the cortical. We achieve the highest classification accuracy of 97.30% and an average classification accuracy of 87.15%.
Hyperlipidemia and hepatitis in liver-specific CREB3L3 knockout mice generated using a one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system (2016)

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3), a transcription factor expressed in the liver and small intestine, governs fasting-response energy homeostasis. Tissue-specific CREB3L3 knockout mice have not been generated till date. To our knowledge, this is the first study using the one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate CREB3L3 floxed mice and subsequently obtain liver- and small intestine-specific Creb3l3 knockout (LKO and IKO, respectively) mice. While LKO mice as well as global KO mice developed hypertriglyceridemia, LKO mice exhibited hypercholesterolemia in contrast to hypocholesterolemia in global KO mice. LKO mice demonstrated up-regulation of hepatic Srebf2 and its corresponding target genes. No phenotypic differences were observed between IKO and floxed mice. Severe liver injury was observed in LKO mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet, a model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. These results provide new evidence regarding the hepatic CREB3L3 role in plasma triglyceride metabolism and hepatic and intestinal CREB3L3 contributions to cholesterol metabolism.
Functional Biological Activity of Sorafenib as a Tumor-Treating Field Sensitizer for Glioblastoma Therapy (2018)

Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is an incurable malignancy with poor short-term survival and is typically treated with radiotherapy along with temozolomide. While the development of tumor-treating fields (TTFields), electric fields with alternating low and intermediate intensity has facilitated glioblastoma treatment, clinical outcomes of TTFields are reportedly inconsistent. However, combinatorial administration of chemotherapy with TTFields has proven effective for glioblastoma patients. Sorafenib, an anti-proliferative and apoptogenic agent, is used as first-line treatment for glioblastoma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sorafenib on TTFields-induced anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis responses in glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Sorafenib sensitized glioblastoma cells to TTFields, as evident from significantly decreased post-TTFields cell viability (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and combinatorial treatment with sorafenib and TTFields accelerated apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as evident from Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, use of sorafenib plus TTFields increased autophagy, as evident from LC3 upregulation and autophagic vacuole formation. Cell cycle markers accumulated, and cells underwent a G2/M arrest, with an increased G0/G1 cell ratio. In addition, the combinatorial treatment significantly inhibited tumor cell motility and invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Our results suggest that combination therapy with sorafenib and TTFields is slightly better than each individual therapy and could potentially be used to treat glioblastoma in clinic, which requires further studies.
Multi-Target Regulation by Small RNAs Synchronizes Gene Expression Thresholds and May Enhance Ultrasensitive Behavior (2012)

Cells respond to external cues by precisely coordinating multiple molecular events. Co-regulation may be established by the so-called single-input module (SIM), where a common regulator controls multiple targets. Using mathematical modeling, we compared the ability of SIM architectures to precisely coordinate protein levels despite environmental fluctuations and uncertainties in parameter values. We find that post-transcriptional co-regulation as exemplified by bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) is particularly robust: sRNA-mediated regulation establishes highly synchronous gene expression thresholds for all mRNA targets without a need for fine-tuning of kinetic parameters. Our analyses reveal that the non-catalytic nature of sRNA action is essential for robust gene expression synchronization, and that sRNA sequestration effects underlie coupling of multiple mRNA pools. This principle also operates in the temporal regime, implying that sRNAs could robustly coordinate the kinetics of mRNA induction as well. Moreover, we observe that multi-target regulation by a small RNA can strongly enhance ultrasensitivity in mRNA expression when compared to the single-target case. Our findings may explain why bacterial small RNAs frequently coordinate all-or-none responses to cellular stress.
Mechanical and rheological properties of epoxidized soybean oil plasticized poly(lactic acid) (2009)

Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a well known biodegradable thermoplastic with excellent mechanical properties that is a product from renewable resources. However, the brittleness of PLA limits its general applications. Using epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as a novel plasticizer of poly(lactic acid), the composite blend with the twin‐screw plastic extruder at five concentrations, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 wt %, respectively. Compared with pure PLA, all sets of blends show certain improvement of toughness to different extents. The concentration with 9 wt % ESO increases the elongation at break about 63%. The melt flow rates of these blends with respect to different ESO ratio have been examined using a melt flow indexer. Rheological behaviors about shear viscosity and melt strength analysis are discussed based on capillary rheology measurements. The tensile strength and melt strength of the blends with 6 wt % ESO simultaneity reach the maximums; whereas the elongation at break of the blends is the second highest level. ESO exhibits positive effect on both the elongation at break and melt strength. The results indicate that the blend obtained better rheological performance and melt strength. The content of 6 wt % ESO in PLA has been considered as a better balance of performance. The results have also demonstrated that there is a certain correlation between the performance in mechanical properties and melt rheological characterization for the PLA/ESO blends.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Increased expression of histone deacetylaces (HDACs) and inhibition of prostate cancer growth and invasion by HDAC inhibitor SAHA. (2009)

Histone deacetetylases (HDACs) are a group of corepressors of transcriptional activators and their levels of expression are potentially dysregulated in prostate cancer. Certain inhibitors of histone deacetylases show anti-tumor activity in prostate cancer cell lines. Here, we systemically studied the expression of HDACs in human prostate cancer and the suppression of prostate cancer growth and invasion by HDAC inhibitor SAHA. HDAC1-5 showed increased expression using a combination of DNA microarray, in-situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry in benign and malignant human prostate tissue as well as RT-PCR and Western blot analysis on various PCa cell lines. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor SAHA suppressed, in particular, prostate cancer cell growth and invasion determined using cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion assays. The findings of this study show that the expression of HDACs and their associated corepressors are increased in prostate cancer in humans and HDAC inhibitor SAHA could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in prostate cancer in addition to anti-androgens.
Electrochemical studies on fermentation. I. Application of electro-energizing method to L-glutamic acid fermentation. (1979)

An electro-energizing fermentation (E-E F) method has been developed. In this method, a direct electrical current is applied to a microbial culture to accelerate the reductive metabolism of microorganisms or to impart profitable effects to microbial cells. This E-E F method was applied to L-glutamic acid fermentation by Brevibacteriurn fiavum No. 2247. When glucose was used as a substrate, the addition of 0.01 mi s neutral red (NR), redox dye (electron carrier), to the fermentation broth at the beginning of cultivation was effective for L-glutamate (L-Glu) production. A direct current of 200_??_300 μA/cmz at 1.5 V was applied through out the cul-tivation of this bacterium. This resulted in about a 10% increase in yield of L-Glu.
KIT Blockade Is Sufficient to Sustain Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment in Fanconi Anemia Mice (2015)

Abstract Background: Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common cause of inherited bone marrow failure (BMF). Currently, the only curative option for the BMF in FA is an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, due to the underlying DNA repair defect, FA patients poorly tolerate alkylating chemotherapy or irradiation based conditioning, which is necessary for donor engraftment. However, this results in significant short and long term morbidity/mortality and augments the inherent increased risk of malignancies in FA patients. To overcome the adverse effects associated with alkylating conditioning agents, alternate experimental approaches exploiting the inherent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) defect in FA are of utmost clinical necessity. Objective: To develop a safe KIT blocking antibody (KIT-Ab) based HSCT conditioning regimen for FA that does not involve chemotherapy or irradiation. Method: High purity KIT-Ab was made from the ACK2 hybridoma and its specificity to KIT binding was validated using mast cell assay. Baseline peripheral blood cells and the bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment (Lin-Kit+Sca+ and Lin-Kit+Sca+CD150+CD48- cells) of FANCA-/- and FANCD2-/- murine models were analyzed. Mechanistic studies using sorted FA bone marrow HSPC were performed ex vivo. This was followed by definitive primary and secondary transplants experiments following injection of KIT-Ab. Results: Several features of FA hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) suggested their susceptibility to KIT-Ab blockade-mediated killing: (a) Expression of KIT was significantly lower in FANCA-/- HSPC, while expression of its ligand was higher in bone marrow stroma; (b) Moreover, genes associated with apoptosis/senescence, stress and inflammatory signaling that were upregulated in WT-HSPC following KIT-Ab blockade, were upregulated in FANCA-/- HSPC at baseline; (c) Furthermore, FANCA-/- HSPC demonstrated increased susceptibility to KIT-Ab mediated apoptosis and had a reduced proliferative capacity. In-vivo studies following ACK2 injection showed a marked reduction of colony-forming units (CFU-C) from both FANCA-/- and FANCD2-/- mice one week following injection, when compared to WT mice (48% and 76% decrease in CFU-C, respectively). Based on these findings, we evaluated the role of ACK2 as a sole HSCT conditioning regimen in FANCA-/- and FANCD2-/- mice. Indeed, definitive HSCT in both FANCA-/- and FANCD2-/- mice using KIT-Ab based conditioning resulted in donor HSC engraftment with multi-lineage chimerism, which progressively increased to 22-24% by 4-months, and was sustained in secondary transplants. Overall, we show that KIT-blockade alone is an adequate non-genotoxic HSPC-targeted conditioning in FA mice, and its clinical translation could circumvent the extensive transplant-related morbidity/mortality in this disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Anterior Kostuik-Harrington Distraction Systems for the Treatment of Kyphotic Deformities (1990)

Based on the biomechanical principles of anterior distractive forces combined with instrumentation to decrease sagittal bending moments, an anterior system using a modification of Harrington instrumentation has been developed for the correction of kyphotic deformities. It has been used in the treatment of acute burst fractures in 100 cases, posttraumatic kyphosis in 45 cases, Scheuermann's kyphosis in 36 cases, rigid round backs in three cases, acute rigid kyphosis (congenital) in four cases, postlaminectomy in 21 cases, flat back syndrome in 56 cases, kyphosis secondary to tumor in ten cases, and kyphosis secondary to osteoporosis with fracture in four cases. A total of 279 cases have been treated with anterior instrumentation. Complications include breakage of 35 screws and four rods. There have been no early or late vascular or neurologic sequelae related to instrumentation. The biomechanical basis for the treatment of kyphotic deformities includes an anterior distractive force to resist compressive loads and, where possible, segmental fixation to decrease sagittal bending moments combined with bone grafts far from the neutral axis. This system provides these benefits with minimal risk and morbidity.
Atomic layer etching of ultra-thin HfO<sub>2</sub>film for gate oxide in MOSFET devices (2009)

Precise etch depth control of ultra-thin HfO2 (3.5 nm) films applied as a gate oxide material was investigated by using atomic layer etching (ALET) with an energetic Ar beam and BCl3 gas. A monolayer etching condition of 1.2 Å/cycle with a low surface roughness and an unchanged surface composition was observed for ultra-thin, ALET-etched HfO2 by supplying BCl3 gas and an Ar beam at higher levels than the critical pressure and dose, respectively. When HfO2-nMOSFET devices were fabricated by ALET, a 70% increase in the drain current and a lower leakage current were observed compared with the device fabricated by conventional reactive ion etching, which was attributed to the decreased structural and electrical damage.
An Automatic Frequency-Controlled Oscillator and Amplifier for Driving Mechanical Vibrators (1943)

An oscillator system has been developed for driving mechanical sound generators or other vibrating mechanical systems which require that the vibrating member be driven at its resonant frequency. The oscillator is a vacuum tube type in which an automatic frequency control, similar in principle to that employed in radio receivers, is used to keep the frequency at or very close to the resonant frequency of the vibrator. The change in phase of the vibrator motion relative to the driving force is used to supply a potential proportional to the difference between the driving frequency and the resonant frequency of the vibrating member, and having a polarity dependent on whether the driving frequency is less than or greater than the resonant frequency. This voltage is used to control a reactor tube which in turn controls the frequency of the oscillator circuit. The circuit is very effective, changes in either oscillator or vibrator frequency, or both, of approximately 500 cycles per second in 12 kilocycles, being followed automatically so that the oscillator frequency will not deviate from the resonant frequency of the vibrating member by more than 0.1 cycle per second.
Near-critical path analysis of program activity graphs (2002)

Program activity graphs can be constructed from time-stamped traces of appropriate execution events. Information about the activities on the k longest execution paths is useful in the analysis of parallel program performance. In this paper, four algorithms for finding the near-critical paths of program activity graphs are presented and compared, including an efficient new algorithm that utilizes slack values calculated by the critical path method to perform a best-first search in linear space. The worst-case time and memory requirements of the new algorithm are in O(ke) and O(k+e), where e is the number of edges in the graph. Results confirming the efficiency of the algorithm are presented for five application programs. A framework for utilizing the near-critical path information is also described. The framework includes both statistical summaries and visualization capabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large-Area Flexible Ultrasonic Imaging System With an Organic Transistor Active Matrix (2010)

We have successfully fabricated a large-area flexible ultrasonic imaging system by integrating a polymeric ultrasonic-transducer array sheet with an active matrix of organic field-effect transistors. The ultrasonic sheet comprises 8 x 8 ultrasonic sensing cells with an effective size of 25 × 25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The organic transistors exhibit mobility of 0.1 and 0.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V ·s at the low operation voltage of 1 mV and in the saturation regime, respectively. When an ac signal is applied between source and drain electrodes for the transistors with a grounded gate, the on/off ratio is larger than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> at the carrier frequency of 40 kHz. In the linear sensing array comprising eight ultrasonic cells, crosstalk is suppressed sufficiently low, and the on/off ratio exceeds 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> . Images in free space are obtained for multiple-target objects over this sheet.
Vol. 4, No. 1 (Full Issue) (2005)

This article considers a J by K ANOVA design where all JK groups are dependent and where groups are to be compared based on medians. Two general approaches are considered. The first is based on an omnibus test for no main effects and no interactions and the other tests each member of a collection of relevant linear contrasts. Based on an earlier paper dealing with multiple comparisons, an obvious speculation is that a particular bootstrap method should be used. One of the main points here is that, in general, this is not the case for the problem at hand. The second main result is that, in terms of Type I errors, the second approach, where multiple hypotheses are tested based on relevant linear contrasts, performs about as well or better than the omnibus method, and in some cases it offers a distinct advantage.
From petroleum-type organofacies to hydrocarbon phase prediction (2006)

The organic facies concept states that kerogen abundance and composition are relatable to depositional settings. This link has been extended, using open-system pyrolysis methods, to include major petroleum types whose gross compositions are inherently defined by source rock kerogens and, hence, to petroleum composition, which directly controls the physical response of fluids to changing pressure and temperature conditions during secondary migration. The possibility to model petroleum composition during hydrocarbon generation as well as the phase behavior of the fluids during migration is now available in modern basin modeling software. However, whereas pyrolysis methods can accurately reconstruct hydrocarbon gas:oil ratios and liquid compositions, they are inherently incapable of correctly reproducing the gas composition of natural fluids, and because the gas composition dominantly controls the phase behavior of petroleums, multicompound compositional kinetic predictions based on pyrolysis results alone are inappropriate for the prediction of phase behavior. The new PhaseKinetics approach described here combines open- and closed-system pyrolysis techniques to characterize the compositional evolution of the fluids generated as a function of increasing thermal stress, as well as correcting experimentally determined gas compositions and, therefore, overcomes these deficiencies. It has been used to develop compositional kinetic schemes capable of predicting natural petroleum phase behavior for different organofacies types. The methodology uses a compositional description of the generated fluids similar to that used in pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) simulation. Selected studies in the Norwegian North Sea, Brazil, and Mexico demonstrate the quality of the tuned compositional predictions for different organic facies types.
<title>New autostereoscopic display technology: the SynthaGram</title> (2002)

StereoGraphics Corporation has introduced a new flat-panel autostereoscopic display, the SynthaGram. It produces bright, clear and satisfying three-dimensional images that may be viewed from a substantial angle of view by many observers. A progression of perspective views, like that used by the parallax panoramagram, is created either by computer or photographic means. Each view is sampled at the sub-pixel level and mapped by means of a process called Interzigging. The resultant Interzigged image is a sub-pixel map of spatial information. The map is displayed on a flat panel screen - in the present case a liquid crystal display. A lenticular screen overlays the flat-panel display, but the direction of the lenticule boundaries are angled to the vertical. The technology, we believe, is the basis for electronic autostereoscopic display solutions for many applications.
A New Assay Method for Hydrogenase Based on an Enzymic Electrode Reaction (1975)

A new assay method for hydrogenase [EC 1.12.2.1] based on the enzymic electrode reaction of H2-H+ equilibrium has been established. The method is based on the experimental fact that the short-circuit current of the electric cell composed of an electrode with hydrogenase and methylviologen as the mediator of H2-H+ equilibrium and a saturated calomel electrode as the counter electrode, is practically proportional to the amount of hydrogenase in the cell. The new method is referred to as the "enzymic electric cell method." This technique has applications not only to routine activity assay but also to the direct determination of the time course of enzyme denaturation, which has not previously been possible.