gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ground Moving Target Imaging via SDAP-ISAR Processing: Review and New Trends (2021)

Ground moving target imaging finds its main applications in both military and homeland security applications, with examples in operations of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) as well as border surveillance. When such an operation is performed from the air looking down towards the ground, the clutter return may be comparable or even stronger than the target's, making the latter hard to be detected and imaged. In order to solve this problem, multichannel radar systems are used that are able to remove the ground clutter and effectively detect and image moving targets. In this feature paper, the latest findings in the area of Ground Moving Target Imaging are revisited that see the joint application of Space-Time Adaptive Processing and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging. The theoretical aspects analysed in this paper are supported by practical evidence and followed by application-oriented discussions.
Solution-chemistry approach to graphene nanostructures (2011)

Graphene has many novel optical and electrical properties desirable for applications in future electro-optical devices. Graphene nanostructures are especially attractive for their wide range of tunable properties. Here we describe the recent progress and challenges in the solution-chemistry approach to graphene nanostructures. This approach could not only lead to new materials with various well-defined properties, but also enable their production in large quantities.
The Effect of Unwanted Internet Traffic on Cellular Phone Energy Consumption (2011)

Unwanted Internet background traffic (often called "Internet background radiation") is received to every public IPv4 address. This is a problem for cellular phones with an always-online GPRS connection, because receiving the unwanted sporadic data traffic will cause the cellular radio to be used, which in turn drains the device battery. We present measurements of the effect of unwanted Internet traffic to cellular phone energy consumption, and simulate different 3G fast dormancy timeout values to find out a way to reduce the time the radio is active. The simulations demonstrate that the use of a well-chosen static fast dormancy timeout value enables large power savings without causing too much extra 3G state transition signalling between the cellular phone and the 3G base station.
Application of Factor Analysis in the Development of the Social Impact Perception (SIP) Scale (2006)

The increasing popularity of festivals and events, coupled with their positive and negative impacts on host communities, has led to a growing body of research on the social impacts of festivals and events. To date, work by Delamere (2001), Delamere, Wankel and Hinch (2001), Fredline, Jago and Deery (2003), and Small and Edwards (2003) represent research in impact scale development, specifically related to the social impacts of festivals and events. This paper reports on the scale developed by Small and Edwards (2003), now known as the Social Impact Perception (SIP) scale, which measures residents' perceptions of the social impacts resulting from community festivals. The SIP scale has now been applied to a larger sample, allowing for further refinement of the scale using exploratory factor analysis. This research represents development of the SIP scale, and is in line with the refinement of other event impact scales, to which factor analysis has also been applied (Delamere 2001; Delamere et al 2001; Fredline et al 2003). Factor analysis identified six underlying dimensions of the social impacts of community festivals: inconvenience, community identity and cohesion, personal frustration, entertainment and socialisation opportunities, community growth and development, and behavioural consequences.
A Pseudodearomatized PN<sup>3</sup>P*Ni–H Complex as a Ligand and σ-Nucleophilic Catalyst (2018)

In contrast to the conventional strategy of modifying the reactivities and selectivities of the transition metal and organocatalysts by varying the steric and electronic properties of organic substituent groups, we hereby demonstrate a novel approach that the sigma (σ) nucleophilicity of the imine arm can be significantly enhanced in a pseudodearomatized PN<sup>3</sup>P* pincer ligand platform to reach unprecedented N-heterocyclic carbene-like reactivity. Accordingly, the imine arm of the PN<sup>3</sup>P*Ni-H pincer complex efficiently catalyzes the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to epoxides, and serves as a ligand in the Ru-catalyzed dehydrogenative acylation of amines with alcohols.
Secretion of thermostable DNA polymerase using a novel baculovirus vector. (1994)

Baculovirus-mediated expression has become a powerful tool for the high yield production of functionally active recombinant proteins. In order to further enhance the utility of this expression system, we constructed versatile transfer vectors that facilitate the secretion of recombinant proteins from host insect cells by inserting functional secretory leader sequences down-stream of the polyhedrin promoter. In-frame insertion of cDNA sequences results in the synthesis of fusion proteins containing a heterologous signal sequence which directs the recombinant protein to the secretory pathway. Human and insect leader sequences were successfully tested with a number of proteins including the thermostable Pyrococcus furiousus (Pfu) DNA polymerase in an effort to maximize secretion of heterologous proteins from insect cells. The human placental alkaline phosphatase signal sequence (MLGPCMLLLLLLLGLRLQLSLG) proved to be optimal for the secretion of not only this thermostable bacterial enzyme but also for the secretion of other biologically active polypeptides.
Inhibition of the arachidonic acid pathway prevents induction of IL‐8 mRNA by phorbol ester and changes the release of IL‐8 from HL 60 cells: Differential inhibition of induced expression of IL‐8, TNF‐α, IL‐1α, and IL‐1β (1995)

The promyelocytic HL 60 cell line can be used as an in vitro model system to study hematopoetic cell differentiation and inflammatory events. We studied the signal transduction pathway of induced interleukin (IL)-8 expression and compared it with those of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta. The differentiation of HL 60 cells to macrophage-like cells by PMA resulted in a rapid and marked induction of these inflammatory cytokines. The up-regulation occurred in the absence of ongoing protein synthesis, but cycloheximide-sensitive gene products modulated their induction kinetics. Staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, strongly inhibited their gene expression. Phosphorylation may not act directly on latent transcription factors, since bromophenacyl bromide, an inhibitor for the release of arachidonic acid from phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated HL 60 cells, markedly depressed the induced mRNAs for IL-8, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 alpha and -beta. Similarly, 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), another inhibitor of the arachidonic acid pathway, blocked the induction of transcripts for TNF-alpha, and both IL-1 genes in phorbol ester-stimulated HL 60 cells. In contrast, ETYA increased the induced IL-8 RNA levels and stimulated the release for IL-8. Also, ketoconazole, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases did not block the induction of IL-8 mRNA. However, the release of IL-8 protein was regulated by indomethacin and ketoconazole. Our results indicate that arachidonic acid metabolites are mediators in the signal transduction pathway of IL-8 expression and that the involved second messengers are different from those which are important for the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta expression.
Phase Equilibria in the System CaO—MgO (1963)

The liquidus, solidus, and subsolidus of the system CaO–MgO have been redetermined. X‐ray diffraction and optical techniques show that the maximum solid solution of MgO in the CaO lattice is approximately 17 wt% at 2370°C and the maximum solid solution of CaO in the MgO lattice is approximately 7.8 wt% at 2370°C. The extent of solid solution in each case is substantially greater than previously reported. Magnesium oxide and calcium oxide solid solutions exist at temperatures above 1600°C. The liquidus values closely agree with those previously reported by Rankin and Merwin.
Effects of Rutaecarpine on the Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine and Its Three Metabolites in Rats (2011)

Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid originally isolated from the unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, has been shown to be anti-inflammatory. In the present study, a possible interaction between rutaecarpine and caffeine was investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty four hr after the oral pretreatment with rutaecarpine at 80 mg/kg for three consecutive days, rats were treated intravenously with 10 mg/kg of caffeine. Compared with control rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine in rutaecarpine-pretreated rats were significantly changed, possibly due to the rapid metabolism. The production of three metabolites of caffeine (i.e., paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline) was also significantly changed in rats pretreated with rutaecarpine. The present results suggest that oral rutaecarpine would change the intravenous pharmacokinetic characteristics of caffeine.
Laser Raman detection of platelet as a non-invasive approach for early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (2011)

Early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a problem that puzzled many doctors. Reliable markers in easy-assembling samples are of considerable clinical diagnostic value. In this work, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) was developed a new method that potentially allows early and differential diagnosis of AD from the platelet sample. Raman spectra of platelets isolated from different ages of AD transgenic mice and non-transgenic controls were collected and analyzed. Multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) classification method was used to classify spectra and establish the diagnostic models. For differential diagnosis, spectra of platelets isolated from AD, Parkinson's disease (PD) and vascular dementia (VD) mice were also discriminated. Two notable spectral differences at 740 and 1654 cm-1 were revealed in the mean spectrum of platelets isolated from AD transgenic mice and the controls. MLP displayed a powerful ability in the classifying of early, advanced AD and the control group, and in differential diagnosis of PD and advanced AD, as well as VD and advanced AD. The results suggest that platelet detecting by LRS coupled with MLP analysis appears to be an easy and accurate method for early and differential diagnosis of AD. This technique could be rapidly promoted from laboratory to the hospital.
Real-time Human Pose Estimation from Body-scanned Point Clouds (2015)

International audience
DNA vaccines based on genetically detoxified derivatives of pneumolysin fail to protect mice against challenge with<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2006)

The 7-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine currently administered against Streptococcus pneumoniae has been shown to be highly effective in high risk-groups, but its use in developing countries will probably not be possible due to high costs. The use of conserved protein antigens using the genetic vaccination strategy is an interesting alternative for the development of a cost-effective vaccine. We have analyzed the potential of DNA vaccines expressing genetically detoxified derivatives of pneumolysin (pneumolysoids) against pneumococcal infections, and compared this with immunization using recombinant protein. The purified recombinant pneumolysoid with the highest residual cytolytic activity was able to confer partial protection against a lethal intraperitoneal challenge, with the induction of high antibody levels. Immunization with DNA vaccines expressing pneumolysoids, on the other hand, induced a significantly lower antibody response and no protection was observed.
Injectable extracellular matrix derived hydrogel for cardiac repair (2012)

Injectable materials present the exciting opportunity of minimally invasive therapy to prevent heart failure by providing a temporary scaffold to replace the damaged extracellular matrix (ECM) that occurs post‐myocardial infarction (MI). To date, no material appropriately mimics the ECM composition and structure and most have failed to translate to catheter‐based delivery. We have developed an injectable form of myocardial ECM that retains native proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides, and self‐assembles into a nanofibrous gel upon injection into the myocardium. We have recently demonstrated that this injectable myocardial matrix preserves left ventricular (LV) volume and cardiac function post‐ MI in a rat model, as well as increases post‐MI endogenous cardiomyocyte survival. We have also shown that the myocardial matrix can be delivered via a percutaneous transendocardial approach using the NOGA guided Myostar catheter and improves LV volume and cardiac function in a porcine MI model. This acellular scaffold has the potential to be an effective minimally invasive treatment for MI and heart failure, providing the appropriate extracellular environment to replace the damaged ECM. The material has also been shown to increase maturation of human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, and thus also has potential as a scaffold for cell‐based cardiac tissue engineering.
Metastable MoS<sub>2</sub>: Crystal Structure, Electronic Band Structure, Synthetic Approach and Intriguing Physical Properties (2018)

The 2H molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub> ), as a stable hexagonal phase, has been one of the most studied transition metal dichalcogenides over the past decades. In the last five years, the metastable phases of MoS<sub>2</sub> (1T, 1T', 1T'', and 1T''') have seen a revival of interests. Different from the edge-sharing [MoS<sub>6</sub> ] trigonal prisms in the 2H MoS<sub>2</sub> phase, these metastable phases are composed of the edge-sharing [MoS<sub>6</sub> ] octahedra, in which the neighboring Mo-Mo distances differ. Due to the various crystal structures and different electronic configurations of the building [MoS<sub>6</sub> ] motifs, these metastable polytypes are endowed with intriguing physical properties and potential applications in diverse fields. In this Review, the recent research progress on metastable MoS<sub>2</sub> is summarized, especially with an emphasis on the diverse synthetic approaches and the newly uncovered physical properties. The phase structures and electronic band structures are also outlined. In the end, a perspective of the future investigation on metastable MoS<sub>2</sub> is discussed.
Galectin-3-binding protein: A multitask glycoprotein with innate immunity functions in viral and bacterial infections (2018)

Galectin-3-binding protein (Gal-3BP) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional secreted glycoprotein originally identified and mainly studied in the context of neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. However, Gal-3BP expression is induced in viral infection and by a multitude of molecules that either mimic or are characteristic for an ongoing inflammation and microbial infection, such as IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, poly(I:C), dsRNA, and dsDNA. Furthermore, Gal-3BP belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain-containing protein family, by virtue of its N-terminal SRCR domain. The SRCR domain is found in soluble or membrane-associated innate immunity-related proteins and is implicated in self-nonself discrimination. This review summarizes the current knowledge of structural features of Gal-3BP and its proposed intracellular and extracellular innate immunity functions with special emphasis on viral and bacterial infections.
A stilbene synthase from Japanese red pine ( <i>Pinus densiflora</i> ): Implications for phytoalexin accumulation and down-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis (2002)

Stilbene synthase (STS) and chalcone synthase (CHS) are plant-specific polyketide synthases that play key roles in the stilbenoid and flavonoid biosyntheses, respectively. We have recently isolated from Pinus densiflora three STS cDNAs (PDSTS1, PDSTS2, and PDSTS3) and one CHS cDNA (PDCHSX). We then heterologously expressed these cDNAs in Escherichia coli and characterized their properties. An unusual STS isozyme, PDSTS3, lacks the common C-terminal extension of STS because of a frame-shift mutation and shows the highest pinosylvin-forming activity among the STSs tested. Pinosylvin was shown to be a potent inhibitor of PDCHSX (K(i) = 6 microM) as well as PDSTS2 (K(i) = 13 microM), which presumably maintains the balance between the stilbenoid and flavonoid biosyntheses. PDSTS3 was insensitive to product inhibition. We identified PDSTS3 in the pine seedlings as well as full-length STS. The data provide evidence that PDSTS3 is involved in the potential regulation of the stilbenoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in pine trees.
Estimating FPAR of maize canopy using airborne discrete-return LiDAR data (2014)

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) is a key parameter for ecosystem modeling, crop growth monitoring and yield prediction. Ground-based FPAR measurements are time consuming and labor intensive. Remote sensing provides an alternative method to obtain repeated, rapid and inexpensive estimates of FPAR over large areas. LiDAR is an active remote sensing technology and can be used to extract accurate canopy structure parameters. A method to estimating FPAR of maize from airborne discrete-return LiDAR data was developed and tested in this study. The raw LiDAR point clouds were processed to separate ground returns from vegetation returns using a filter method over a maize field in the Heihe River Basin, northwest China. The fractional cover (fCover) of maize canopy was computed using the ratio of canopy return counts or intensity sums to the total of returns or intensities. FPAR estimation models were established based on linear regression analysis between the LiDAR-derived fCover and the field-measured FPAR (R(2) = 0.90, RMSE = 0.032, p < 0.001). The reliability of the constructed regression model was assessed using the leave-one-out cross-validation procedure and results show that the regression model is not overfitting the data and has a good generalization capability. Finally, 15 independent field-measured FPARs were used to evaluate accuracy of the LiDAR-predicted FPARs and results show that the LiDAR-predicted FPAR has a high accuracy (R(2) = 0.89, RMSE = 0.034). In summary, this study suggests that the airborne discrete-return LiDAR data could be adopted to accurately estimate FPAR of maize.
Mechanics of universal horizons (2012)

Modified gravity models such as Ho\ifmmode \check{r}\else \v{r}\fi{}ava-Lifshitz gravity or Einstein-\ae{}ther theory violate local Lorentz invariance and therefore destroy the notion of a universal light cone. Despite this, in the infrared limit both models above possess static, spherically symmetric solutions with ``universal horizons''---hypersurfaces that are causal boundaries between an interior region and asymptotic spatial infinity. In other words, there still exist black hole solutions. We construct a Smarr formula (the relationship between the total energy of the spacetime and the area of the horizon) for such a horizon in Einstein-\ae{}ther theory. We further show that a slightly modified first law of black hole mechanics still holds with the relevant area now a cross-section of the universal horizon. We construct new analytic solutions for certain Einstein-\ae{}ther Lagrangians and illustrate how our results work in these exact cases. Our results suggest that holography may be extended to these theories despite the very different causal structure as long as the universal horizon remains the unique causal boundary when matter fields are added.
Overexpression of Frequenin, a Modulator of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase, Inhibits Biosynthetic Delivery of an Apical Protein in Polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells (2000)

Polyphosphoinositides regulate numerous steps in membrane transport. The levels of individual phosphatidylinositols are controlled by specific lipid kinases, whose activities and localization are in turn regulated by a variety of effectors. Here we have examined the effect of overexpression of frequenin, a modulator of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity, on biosynthetic and postendocytic traffic in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Endogenous frequenin was identified in these cells by polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of frequenin had no effect on early Golgi transport of membrane proteins, as assessed by acquisition of resistance to endoglycosidase H. However, delivery of newly synthesized influenza hemagglutinin from the trans-Golgi network to the apical cell surface was severely inhibited in cells overexpressing frequenin, whereas basolateral delivery of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor was unaffected. Overexpression of frequenin did not affect postendocytic trafficking steps including apical and basolateral recycling and basal-to-apical transcytosis. We conclude that frequenin, and by inference, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, plays an important and selective role in apical delivery in polarized cells.
Pattern Based Video Coding (2011)

People’s demands are escalating with technology advances. Now, people are not happy with only text or voice messages, they like to see video as well. Video transmission through limited bandwidth, for example, an existing telephone line, requires an efficient video coding technique. Unfortunately, existing video coding standards have some limitations due to this demand. Recently, a pattern-based video coding technique has established its potentiality to improve the coding compared to the recent standard H.264 in the range of low bit rates. This chapter describes this technique with its background, features, recent developments, and future trends.
Smart antenna base station open architecture for SDR networks (2006)

Software-defined radio system architecture must be openly structured to various system standards. It should also provide capability for distributed processing, object-oriented design, and software controllability. This implies that the software to be used in the SDR system should be independent of a given hardware platform. In order to achieve these goals, the proposed SDR system utilizes modularization to maximize hardware reuse and design flexibility, which provides the system reconfigurability. The objective of this article is to provide an open architecture of a smart antenna base station (SABS) operating in the SDR with architecture that is object-oriented and software-controlled. For this purpose, the software and hardware of a SABS is first modularized and partitioned into modules, respectively. Then the interface among the modules is specified to determine the smart antenna application programming interface proper for the SDR network. The suitability of the proposed open architecture of SABS is verified through a design example of SABS implemented in accordance with the proposed architecture. The performance of the proposed system is shown in practical signal environments of CDMA2000 1X with commercial handsets operating at various data rates ranging from 9.6 to 153.6 kb/s in terms of frame error rate and signal-to-Interference-plus-noise ratio, which is dramatically improved through the nicely shaped beam pattern.
Drug-Induced QT Prolongation in Women During the Menstrual Cycle (2001)

Menstrual cycle and sex differences exist in QTc responses to ibutilide, with the greatest increase in QTc corresponding to the first half of the menstrual cycle.