gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bombesin family receptor and ligand gene expression in human colorectal cancer and normal mucosa (2000)

Bombesin-like peptides and their receptors are widely distributed throughout the gut and are potential mitogens for a number of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We have analysed the expression of bombesin-like peptides and their receptor subtypes in normal and neoplastic colorectal tissue. Expression was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using receptor and ligand subtype-specific primers and then expression localized by in situ hybridization (ISH) with riboprobes synthesized by in vitro transcription of cloned PCR product. Colorectal cancer tissue and matched normal mucosa from 23 patients were studied. Two of these patients had synchronous adenomatous polyps and two had synchronous hepatic metastases which were also studied. An additional two patients with adenomatous polyps were studied along with matched normal mucosa. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor and ligand expression was present in all samples but with overall greater expression in the tumour samples. Neuromedin B (NMB) receptor expression was not detectable. NMB ligand was detected in all but one mucosal sample with overall overexpression in the tumour samples. Bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) receptor expression was not detectable. These data support the possibility that GRP may be an autocrine growth factor in colorectal cancer.
RESTORATION OF GUT ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY FOLLOWING TRAUMA-HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK BY THE ADJUVANT USE OF HEPARAN SULFATE (1993)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether heparan sulfate, as an adjunct to resuscitation following hemorrhagic shock: (1) improves gut absorptive capacity and if so, (2) whether the mechanism involved is alteration of whole blood viscosity (WBV). Rats were anesthetized, a laparotomy performed, and blood vessels cannulated. The conscious animals then underwent fixed pressure (40 mm Hg) hemorrhage, followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. One group received 7 mg/kg heparan sulfate, and another received saline, during resuscitation. At 2 hours and 4 hours after the end of hemorrhage, the oral D-xylose absorption test was performed. Viscosity determinations were made in another set of rats since lactated Ringer's solution replacement during the D-xylose test may affect hematocrit and hence WBV. These rats were subjected to hemorrhage and resuscitation as above, along with additional sham hemorrhage and acute hemodilution control groups. The WBV was determined at corresponding times to the D-xylose test. Results show that xylose absorption is depressed after hemorrhage and resuscitation, and heparan sulfate restored it to normal. The WBV was reduced by heparan sulfate. Thus heparan sulfate, as an adjunct to resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock, restores gut absorptive capacity to normal, possibly by reducing WBV.
The pattern of serum levels of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) during the ovulatory menstrual cycle (1984)

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) was measured throughout the menstrual cycle in eight women at daily intervals. The protein could be detected in all serum samples, and one patient showed consistently high PAPP-A values during the entire observation period. Twenty-six more women were tested by measuring a single serum specimen. No further high PAPP-A levels were discovered in these. There is no significant difference in PAPP-A concentration between the follicular and the luteal phase of the cycle.
Effects of Topical Clonidine versus Brimonidine on Choroidal Blood Flow and Intraocular Pressure during Squatting (2007)

Topical alpha-2 agonists may induce changes in choroidal blood flow, even after a single administration. Long-term studies are needed to study potential effects of brimonidine and clonidine in the clinical setting.
The reactions of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate with thiols and the holoenzyme of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and of inorganic phosphate with the acyl-holoenzyme (1976)

D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate forms adducts with thiols. These adducts, which are presumed to be hemithioacetals, equilibrate rapidly with the unhydrated form of the aldehyde, which is the subtrate for D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The adduct provides a substrate buffer system whereby a constant low free aldehyde concentration can be maintained during the oxidation of aldehyde by the enzyme and NAD+. With this system, the kinetics of the association of the aldehyde with the enzyme were examined. The rate profile for this reaction is a single exponential process, showing that all four active sites of the enzyme have equivalent and independent reactivity towards the aldehyde, with an apparent second-order rate constant of 5 × 10(7)M-1-S-1 at pH8.0 and 21 degrees C. The second-order rate constant becomes 8 × 10(7)M-1-S-1 when account is taken of the forward and reverse catalytic rate constants of the dehydrogenase. The pH-dependence of the observed rate constant is consistent with a requirement for the unprotonated form of a group of pK 6.1, which is the pK observed for second ionization of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The rate of phosphorolysis of the acyl-enzyme intermediate during the steady-state oxidative phosphorylation of the aldehyde was studied, and is proportional to the total Pi concentration up to at least 1 mM-Pi at pH 7.5. The pH-dependence of the rate of NADH generation under these conditions can be explained by the rate law d[NADA]/dt = k[acy] holoenzyme][PO4(3-)-A1, where thioester bond, although kinetically indistinguishable rate equations for the reaction are possible. The rates of the phosphorolysis reaction and of the aldehyde-association reaction decrease with increasing ionic strength, suggesting that the active site of the enzyme has cationic groups which are involved in the reaction of the enzyme with anionic substrates.
Selection of excitation signals for high-impedance spectroscopy (2013)

The method of fast impedance spectroscopy of technical objects with high impedance (|Zx| > 1 GΩ) is evaluated in this paper. An object is excited with a signal generated by digital-to-analog converter (DAC) located on the U2531A DAQ module. Response signals proportional to current flowing through and voltage across the measured object are sampled by analog-to-digital converters (ADC) in the DAQ module. The object impedance spectrum is obtained with use of continuous Fourier transform on the basis of acquired signals. Different excitation signals (square, triangle, sawtooth and sinc) were compared in order to estimate accuracy of impedance spectrum evaluation. The method is evaluated by means of simulation and practical experiment in a measuring system on an exemplary object in the form of multielement two-terminal RC network modelling of an anticorrosion coating impedance.
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>gene deployment and resistance management in single‐ and multi‐tactic environments (1994)

The effectiveness of two resistance management strategies (RMS) for transgenic crops was examined via simulation in single‐tactic (all fields in a population use the same strategy) and multi‐tactic (fields either employ transgenic plants or are treated by foliar Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) applications) environments. The life tables and response to selection used in the simulations resembled those of a simplified, heliothine‐like species. In single‐tactic environments, the refuge strategy was the most effective approach for delaying the evolution of resistance to toxin genes incorporated into plants. Resistance was delayed most when pure stands of transgenic plants were used with no refugia and the reproductive capacity of the insect was low because the entire population became extinct, though this result may be dependent on the small population size examined (nine fields). With higher levels of reproduction, however, this strategy resulted in rapid evolution of resistance. When the insect populations were managed in the refuge fields (but not with the Bt toxin gene), resistance developed more rapidly as migration from the refuge area decreased with the population size. The seed mixture strategy, in which 11.1% of the plants in a field were non‐transgenic, was intermediate in effectiveness and less affected by changes in assumptions of the net rate of increase of the insect. The unmanaged refuge strategy was also the most effective strategy in the multi‐tactic simulations. Assuming minimal costs are associated with implementation of RMS in transgenic fields, cooperation by transgenic producers always increased the durability of the toxin gene. Cooperation with a RMS by foliar Bt producers also increased the durability of the toxin gene, but did not compensate for the reduction in the number of sprays/year. In this system, there did not appear to be justification for compliance by foliar producers in a RMS based solely on reducing the number of treatments/year (other strategies of reducing pesticide use may be less affected). Introduction of transgenic plants into the system increased the durability of the toxin gene if producers using foliar products did not adopt the RMS, but decreased durability when compared with simulations of foliar producers (without transgenic crops) who had adopted a RMS. A simple, deterministic model was used to estimate the potential effect of inbreeding within subpopulations on resistance development. Variance in gene frequencies due to genetic drift and inbreeding resulted in more rapid selection for recessive alleles than would be predicted from single field models.
Identification of the Cadmium-Inducible <i>Hansenula polymorpha SEO1</i> Gene Promoter by Transcriptome Analysis and Its Application to Whole-Cell Heavy-Metal Detection Systems (2007)

The genomewide gene expression profiling of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha exposed to cadmium (Cd) allowed us to identify novel genes responsive to Cd treatment. To select genes whose promoters can be useful for construction of a cellular Cd biosensor, we further analyzed a set of H. polymorpha genes that exhibited >6-fold induction upon treatment with 300 muM Cd for 2 h. The putative promoters, about 1,000-bp upstream fragments, of these genes were fused with the yeast-enhanced green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene. The resultant reporter cassettes were introduced into H. polymorpha to evaluate promoter strength and specificity. The promoter derived from the H. polymorpha SEO1 gene (HpSEO1) was shown to drive most strongly the expression of GFP upon Cd treatment among the tested promoters. The Cd-inducible activity was retained in the 500-bp deletion fragment of the HpSEO1 promoter but was abolished in the further truncated 250-bp fragment. The 500-bp HpSEO1 promoter directed specific expression of GFP upon exposure to Cd in a dose-dependent manner, with Cd detection ranging from 1 to 900 muM. Comparative analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEO1 (ScSEO1) promoter revealed that the ScSEO1 promoter has a broader specificity for heavy metals and is responsive to arsenic and mercury in addition to Cd. Our data demonstrate the potential use of the HpSEO1 promoter as a bioelement in whole-cell biosensors to monitor heavy metal contamination, particularly Cd.
A browser based image bank, useful tool or expensive toy? (1998)

DIBS, the Digital Image Banking System, is a web browser based environment for depositing and withdrawing generic medical images. These can be annotated or modified on an individual's computer for use in talks and lectures. DIBS is programmed in 'C', to query and update a database as well as producing web pages on the 'fly'. Images are deposited using an interactive form, minimizing data entry and are received in a digital format or are digitized on demand. Three interfaces allow DIBS to be searched; an image map of the human body presents a simple graphical interface, whilst more specific searches can be performed by selecting categories from predefined scrolling menus or using a full text search. When a DIBS search is performed, preview thumbnail images and descriptions are provided, linked to the full size images that can be saved locally along with the text description. DIBS offers fast and convenient access to a wide range of medical images, eliminating the time consuming process of producing one's own slides or borrowing from colleagues. It is proving to be a useful tool within our Medical School but some copyright, ethical and image security issues still need to be resolved.
Prevalence of preoperative anemia and hematinic deficiencies in patients scheduled for elective major orthopedic surgery (2008)

SUMMARY Preoperative anemia is an independent risk factor for allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery (MOS) whereas hematinic deficiency can delay the recovery from postoperative anemia. Both conditions can, however, be corrected before elective procedures are undertaken. We therefore evaluated the prevalence of anemia and hematinic deficiencies in MOS patients. Demographic and laboratory data were gathered from all MOS patients from a single institution between January 2001 and December 2002. A total of 715 patients (483 women/232 men) entered the study. According to WHO criteria, the prevalence of anemia was 10.5% and increased with age, without gender‐related differences. Preoperative hemoglobin was < 13 g/dL in 19.4% of patients, and the prevalence of hematinic deficiencies was 33% for iron, 12.3% for vitamin B 12 and 3% for folate. In anemic patients, there were 30.8% with hematinic deficiency anemia (20% with iron‐deficiency anemia), 30.8% with anemia of chronic disease and 38.4% with anemia of mixed or indeterminate cause. The prevalence of anemia, as well as of hematinic deficiencies, is high in MOS patients. Therefore, whenever possible, patients undergoing MOS should be assessed early enough to allow for proper investigation and treatment prior to the scheduled procedure.
Short-term effects of high-dose 17β-estradiol in postmenopausal PD patients (1999)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To examine the effect of 17β-estradiol on the severity of the cardinal signs of PD in postmenopausal women. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although the impact of estrogens on the manifestations of PD has not been subjected to rigorous study, their use is generally thought to be associated with a detrimental antidopaminergic effect. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm crossover study of high-dose transdermal 17β-estradiol was conducted in eight postmenopausal women with mild to moderate PD, all but one of whom exhibited levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Patients were randomized initially to either hormonal treatment or placebo for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period, and then another 2-week crossover treatment period. Active treatment employed four skin patches each releasing 0.1 mg of estradiol daily, replaced every 2 to 3 days. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After 10 days of treatment a significant reduction was observed in the antiparkinsonian threshold dose of IV levodopa. Mean duration and magnitude of the antiparkinsonian response to threshold or high doses of levodopa were unchanged, and dyskinesia scores were unaltered during 17β-estradiol treatment compared with placebo. No worsening in “on” time or motor ratings with estrogen treatment was documented. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> 17β-estradiol appears to display a slight prodopaminergic (or antiparkinsonian) effect without consistently altering dyskinesias. Standard postmenopausal replacement therapy with transdermal 17β-estradiol is likely to be well tolerated by many female parkinsonian patients.
Rotated Logging Storage Architectures for Data Centers: Models and Optimizations (2015)

We propose Rotated Logging (RoLo), a new logging architecture for parallel disk-based mirrored storage systems for enhanced energy efficiency, which is one of the key concerns in modern data centers. By spreading destaging I/O activities among short idle time slots and proactively reclaiming the stale logging space, RoLo rotates loggers among a logical logging space pool formed collectively from the free storage space available among mirrored disks. We develop three flavors of RoLo, that is, RoLo-P/R/E, to emphasize performance, reliability, and energy efficiency respectively. Without the extra dedicated log disks and the corresponding centralized destaging, RoLo eliminates the additional hardware and energy costs, potential single point of failure and performance bottleneck. Furthermore, RoLo-P/R/E, applied to specific scenes correctly, can prolong the lifecycle of the disks and improve the system's energy efficiency by reducing the disk spin up/down frequency. We propose RoLo-S to further alleviate the performance bottleneck and energy consumption caused by frequent disk head seeks in on-duty logger disks. We have implemented RoLo and RoLo-S on real disk systems. Extensive trace-driven evaluations demonstrate the advantages of the three RoLo schemes over both a RAID10 system with centralized logging architecture and a typical RAID10 system, and the advantages of RoLo-S over RoLo.
<i>Epidermal growth factor receptor</i> mutations in lung cancers (2007)

In 2004, two groups reported somatic mutations in the gene for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which were highly correlated with the clinical response to the anticancer drug, gefitinib. Since then, a tremendous amount of knowledge has accumulated, and sheds light on significant oncological properties as well as the clinical relevance of this mutation, which could be applicable to other malignancies. The EGFR mutations are distributed throughout the kinase domain, but a deletion in exon 19 and the point mutation L858R in exon 21 account for approximately 90%, which confer a greater response to gefitinib treatment, compared with other types of EGFR mutations. These EGFR mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain are seldom acquired in cancers of the other organs and the mutations preferentially involve a subset of lung cancers, which are clinicopathologically characterized by female sex, non-smoking, adenocarcinoma histology and East Asian ethnicity. In Japan, the EGFR mutations are detected in approximately 30% of overall NSCLC and approximately 40% of surgically resected adenocarcinomas. The morphological features of adenocarcinomas harboring the mutations were reported to be frequent in those with bronchioloalveolar features, but it is suggested that the cellular lineage of the putative original cells of the cancers refines the subset more clearly. In the present study the current knowledge of EGFR mutations is reviewed, insights from which raise many further questions, and thus suggest new directions for future research.
Inhibitory, opsonic and cytotoxic activities of monoclonal antibodies against asexual erythrocytic stages of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1987)

A range of monoclonal antibodies specific for Plasmodium falciparum were tested in vitro for their abilities to inhibit the multiplication of a partially synchronized culture of P. falciparum, to augment the phagocytosis of the parasites by macrophages, and to enhance the killing of parasites by peritoneal cells depleted of adherent cells. Seven of 17 monoclonal antibodies, ranging from culture supernatant fluid and ascitic fluid to purified IgG, showed dose- and time-dependent inhibition of parasite growth in vitro. At a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml, the inhibitory capacity of these monoclonal IgGs was above 94% over a 3-day culture period, much higher than that of the relevant polyclonal IgG. Four of 6 monoclonal antibodies tested augmented the phagocytosis of the parasites by macrophages, which occurred as a result of opsonization of the parasites. Four of 7 monoclonal antibodies examined showed cytotoxic activity on malaria parasites. Peritoneal cells depleted of adherent cells were capable of killing the parasites in the presence of monoclonal antibodies. These results indicate that there may be 'monofunction', 'bifunction', and 'multifunction' types of monoclonal antibodies against P. falciparum. The putative protective antigen of malaria parasites purified by 'multifunctional monoclonal antibody' affinity chromatography may have potential interest as a vaccine against the parasite or as an immunodiagnostic reagent for human malaria.
Anomeric Effect (1979)

In this lecture, the author will attempt not to mix two kinds of approach to the problem of the "Origin and Consequences of the Anomeric Effect", on one side the hard facts of experimental data and calculations conducted with clearly-defined approximations, and on the other side, semi-empirical theories which are more easily grasped and put to use with complex molecules. Discussion of these is reported to the last section. To begin with, the emphasis will be laid on the straightforward utilisation of molecular-orbital calculations to an understanding of some physical and chemical properties of pyranoses.
Confidence scores for acoustic model adaptation (2008)

This paper focuses on confidence scores for use in acoustic model adaptation. Frame-based confidence estimates are used in linear transform (CMLLR and MLLR) and MAP adaptation. We show that adaptation approaches with a limited number of free parameters such as linear transform-based approaches are robust in the face of frame labeling errors whereas adaptation approaches with a large number of free parameters such as MAP are sensitive to the quality of the supervision and hence benefit most from use of confidences. Different approaches for using confidence information in adaptation are investigated. This analysis shows that a thresholding approach is effective in that it improves the frame labeling accuracy with little detrimental effect on frame recall. Experimental results show an absolute WER reduction of 2.1% over a CMLLR adapted system on a video transcription task.
Mechanism for long-chain branching in the thermal degradation of linear high-density polyethylene (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism for long-chain branching in the thermal degradation of linear high-density polyethyleneTakeshi Kuroki, Takashi Sawaguchi, Sadayuki Niikuni, and Tadashi IkemuraCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 6, 1460–1464Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00234a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00234a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts