gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BidPacket: trading bandwidth in public spaces (2016)

Smart devices such as smartphones and tablets are used extensively in public spaces for the transmission and reception of content in the form of text, photos and streaming videos. Since the bandwidth provided for wireless access is limited in public areas, it becomes an issue for users to gain access to the bandwidth they need at the right times. While an omniscient controller could assign bandwidth to each device on the basis of their needs and overall availability, imperfect information about the instantaneous state of the wifi access patterns and needs of users make for a very inefficient allocation of such bandwidth. This paper provides a solution for bandwidth allocation by creating a market among users of smart devices so that they can bid for extra bandwidth when they need it and sell it when they don’t. They do so by using a virtual currency that is conserved so that each device owner maximizes his own utility. This utility function is composed of both the benefit accrued from accessing bandwidth and the loss of the currency incurred in bidding for such bandwidth. Extensive simulations show that this market-based method outperforms an omniscient model when demand is uncertain, while minimizing bandwidth consumption.
Degradation of hydroxypropyl guar fracturing fluids by enzyme, oxidative, and catalyzed oxidative breakers. Part 2. Crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar gels. Topical report, January 1992-April 1992 (1993)

The Gas Research Institute has initiated an extensive hydraulic fracturing research project to improve the understanding, modeling and implementation of the hydraulic fracturing process. As the Lead Technical Contractor for the GRI Tight Gas Sands program, S. A. Holditch and Associates, Inc. has initiated research into improving the understanding of fracture fluid rheology. The purpose of the report is to summarize the research conducted by S. A. Holditch and Associates to examine the variables affecting crosslinked HPG gel degradation by enzyme oxidative, and catalyzed oxidative breakers.
The use of a radiopaque contrast medium in endodontic radiography (1996)

A series of in vitro studies were carried out to investigate the use and application of a radiopaque contrast medium in conventional periapical dental radiography for the diagnosis and evaluation of root canal systems. The water-soluble radiopaque contrast medium was introduced into the root canals of 30 first permanent maxillary and 30 first permanent mandibular molar teeth. The radiographic images of these teeth with and without radiopaque contrast medium in the root canal systems were compared and contrasted. Further comparisons were made with the same teeth rendered transparent. The results indicate that by standardizing the diagnostic criteria the inter-examiner reliability was in good agreement; it was independent of the radiographic technique used. The validity of the radiographs was enhanced by the use of the radiopaque contrast medium. The results confirm that, with the use of a radiopaque contrast medium, images of root canal systems are easier to read and interpret than plain radiographic images of root canal systems. The use of radiopaque contrast medium in endodontic radiography may be a valuable aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of root canal systems. This system would complement rather than replace plain radiography.
Total Synthesis of Acanthacerebroside A and Astrocerebroside A via a Chiral Epoxide Intermediate Derived from <scp>l</scp>-Quebrachitol (1998)

Abstract The chiral and stereoselective total synthesis of novel cerebrosides, acanthacerebroside A (1) and astrocerebroside A (2), isolated from starfish, is described. The phytosphingosine moieties in 1 and 2 were prepared by the coupling reaction of dialkylmagnesium reagents with the common epoxide intermediate, 2-(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino-1-O-(t-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-3-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-d-4,5-anhydroribitol (5). The epoxide (5) was synthesized from naturally occurring cyclitol, l-quebrachitol via the conduramine derivative, which was prepared regio- and stereoselectively by the Pd-catalyzed azidation of the allyl carbonate derivative. Condensation of phytosphingosines with 2-acetoxy fatty acid residue, followed by glycosidation, furnished the total synthesis. This work established an effective synthetic pathway to a wide variety of cerebrosides containing various phytosphingosines and 2-hydroxy fatty acid residue; the first total synthesis of astrocerebroside A (2) fully confirmed the proposed structure.
Domestic Saving Under the Perspective of Interest Rate, unemployment and inflation in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis (2017)

Domestic savings play a pivotal role in the process of economic growth as saving increases the amount of physical capital. Pakistan has issue of low aggregate saving for attaining and maintaining economic growth. This study has examined the impact of interest rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate and worker remittances on domestic savings in Pakistan. For examining the stationarity of the variables Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test is used. Maximum 2 lag are selected by following different lag selection criteria. Autoregressive Distributed Lag model is used for examining the cointegration among the variables of the model. On the basis of estimated results, it is concluded that interest rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate and worker remittances are playing important role in determining domestic savings in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan has been trying to increase overall rate of saving and for this purpose it introduces many schemes. But government is unable to get required results in this concerns because of low incomes, unemployment and improper implementation of the socio-economic policies. This study has tried to contribute in literature as existing literature hardly did this type of exercise.
Fast tracking of near-duplicate keyframes in broadcast domain with transitivity propagation (2006)

The identification of near-duplicate keyframe (NDK) pairs is a useful task for a variety of applications such as news story threading and content-based video search. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the discovery and tracking of NDK pairs and threads in the broadcast domain. The detection of NDKs in a large data set is a challenging task due to the fact that when the data set increases linearly, the computational cost increases in a quadratic speed, and so does the number of false alarms. This paper explores the symmetric and transitive nature of near-duplicate for the effective detection and fast tracking of NDK pairs based upon the matching of local keypoints in frames. In the detection phase, we propose a robust measure, namely pattern entropy (PE), to measure the coherency of symmetric keypoint matching across the space of two keyframes. This measure is shown to be effective in discovering the NDK identity of a frame. In the tracking phase, the NDK pairs and threads are rapidly propagated and linked with sitivity without the need of detection. This step ends up a significant boost in speed efficiency. We evaluate proposed approach against a month of the 2004 broadcast videos. The experimental results indicate our approach outperforms other techniques in terms of recall and precision with a large margin. In addition, by considering the transitivity and the underlying distribution of NDK pairs along time span, a speed up of 3 to 5 times is achieved when keeping the performance close enough to the optimal one obtained by exhaustive evaluation.
1D Co<sup>II</sup> and Ni<sup>II</sup> Chiral Polymers That Exhibit Ferromagnetic Interactions (2011)

Abstract Four transition‐metal coordination compounds with d‐ and L ‐mandelic acid (H mand ) were synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. The structure, refined as {M II ( L / D ‐ mand )(4‐MePy) 3 } n · n (ClO 4 ) (M = Co II and Ni II ; 4‐MePy = 4‐methylpyridine), reveals a chiral 1D polymer that consists of a chain complex built by the monocarboxylate ligand. The coordination sphere of the paramagnetic center is chiral and completed by three 4Me–Py ligands. Magnetic studies reveal the presence of a ferromagnetic interaction between the Ni II centers [ J = 0.64(5)–0.54(7) cm –1 and zero‐field splitting (ZFS) = –1.38(1)/–1.05(2) cm –1 ]. In the case of the Co II ‐based polymer, ferromagnetic but negligible interaction is suspected.
Elastic modulus of the radial artery wall material is not increased in patients with essential hypertension. (1994)

Hypertension is known to decrease arterial distensibility and systemic compliance. However, the arterial tree is not homogeneous, and it has been shown that the medium-size radial artery does not behave like the proximal, elastic, large, common carotid artery. Indeed, radial artery compliance in hypertensive patients (HTs) has been shown to be paradoxically increased when compared with that in normotensive control subjects (NTs) at the same blood pressure level. To determine whether this increase was due to hypertension-related hypertrophy of the arterial wall, radial artery functional and geometric parameters from 22 NTs (mean +/- SD, 44 +/- 11 years) were compared with those from 25 age- and sex-matched never-treated essential HTs (48 +/- 12 years) by using a high-precision ultrasonic, echo-tracking system coupled to a photoplethysmograph (Finapres system), which allows simultaneous arterial internal diameter, intima-media thickness, and finger blood pressure measurements. When the values for HTs were compared with those of NTs at their respective mean arterial pressures, HTs had similar internal diameter (2.50 +/- 0.56 versus 2.53 +/- 0.32 mm, mean +/- SD) and greater intima-media thickness (0.40 +/- 0.06 versus 0.28 +/- 0.05 mm, P < .001) measurements and increased arterial wall cross-sectional areas (3.79 +/- 1.14 versus 2.45 +/- 0.57 mm2, P < .001). Circumferential wall stress was not significantly different between the two groups. Compliance calculated for a given blood pressure, ie, 100 mm Hg (C100), was greater in HTs than NTs (3.46 +/- 2.41 versus 2.10 +/- 1.55 m2.kPa-1 x 10(-8), P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Novel Low-Cost High-Performance VLSI Architecture for MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 CAVLC Decoding (2005)

The demand of high quality video and high data compression enables MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 to adopt the context-based adaptive variable length code (CAVLC) technique contrary to the traditional MPEG-4 VLC techniques. The paper presents a novel, low-cost, high-performance VLSI architecture design for MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 CAVLC decoding. We exploit five different techniques to reduce both the hardware cost and power consumption, and to increase the data throughput rate. They are PCCF (partial combinational component freezing), HLLT (hierarchical logic for look-up tables), ZTEBA (zero-left table elimination by arithmetic), IDS (interleaved double stacks), and ZCS (zero codeword skip). The proposed design can decode every syntax element per cycle. The synthesis result shows that the design achieves maximum speed at 175 MHz. When we synthesize the proposed design at the clock constraint of 125 MHz, the hardware cost is about 4720 gates under a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, which achieves the real-time processing requirement for H.264 video decoding on HD1080i format video.
Design and development of soft nanomaterials from biobased amphiphiles (2006)

Design and development of different forms of soft matter from renewable (biomass) feedstocks is gaining attention in current research. This highlight summarizes our continuing efforts towards the effective utilization of renewable resources for new chemicals, fuels and soft materials, and selected successful stories in that direction. Cashew nut shell liquid, an industrial by-product, was used as a raw material to synthesize aryl glycolipids which upon self-assembly generated an array of soft materials such as lipid nanotubes, twisted/helical nanofibers, low-molecular-weight hydro/organogels and liquid crystals. These soft architectures were fully characterized by using different techniques. In another example, amygdalin, a by-product of the apricot industry, was used to develop novel amphiphiles, which showed unprecedented gelation properties in a wide range of solvents. To take these soft nanomaterials to a second level, we successfully demonstrated the utility of these hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles. Intriguingly, enzyme catalysis was used as a tool to make and break the hydrogels, which apparently triggered controlled drug delivery. We believe these results and this highlight will motivate us and others in the field of biobased materials research, green chemistry and soft material development through self-assembly processes, to design and develop new functional materials from plant/crop-based renewable resources, otherwise underutilized.
Dependence of multi-dimensional array references (1988)

Accurate data dependence analysis is the key function in vectorizing-restructuring compilers for supercomputers. However, the data dependence analysis algorithms currently available have limitations. Those that execute quickly, such as the Banerjee Test [3], [4], [21] are very limited in generality. Those that are general are too slow. 1 Compiler designers have been keenly aware of the need for an algorithm that is both general and fast. The algorithm that follows fills this need simply and uniformly.
Regulation of crucial enzymes and transcription factors on 2-phenylethanol biosynthesis via Ehrlich pathway in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2016)

Abstract 2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is widely used in food, perfume and pharmaceutical industry, but lower production in microbes and less known regulatory mechanisms of 2-PE make further study necessary. In this study, crucial genes like ARO8 and ARO10 of Ehrlich pathway for 2-PE synthesis and key transcription factor ARO80 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were re-regulated using constitutive promoter; in the meantime, the effect of nitrogen source in synthetic complete (SC) medium with l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) on Aro8/Aro9 and Aro10 was investigated. The results showed that aromatic aminotransferase activities of ARO8 over-expressing strains were seriously inhibited by ammonia sulfate in SC + Phe medium. Flask fermentation test demonstrated that over-expressing ARO8 or ARO10 led to about 42 % increase in 2-PE production when compared with the control strain. Furthermore, influence of transcription factors Cat8 and Mig1 on 2-PE biosynthesis was explored. CAT8 over-expression or MIG1 deletion increased in the transcription of ARO9 and ARO10. 2-PE production of CAT8 over-expressing strain was 62 % higher than that of control strain. Deletion of MIG1 also led to 2-PE biosynthesis enhancement. The strain of CAT8 over-expression and MIG1 deletion was most effective in regulating expression of ARO9 and ARO10. Analysis of mRNA levels and enzyme activities indicates that transaminase in Ehrlich pathway is the crucial target of Nitrogen Catabolize Repression (NCR). Among the engineering strains, the higher 3.73 g/L 2-PE production in CAT8 over-expressing strain without in situ product recovery suggests that the robust strain has potentiality for commercial exploitation.
Modulation of the GABAergic pathway for the treatment of fragile X syndrome (2014)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and the most common single-gene cause of autism. It is caused by mutations on the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1) and lack of fragile X mental retardation protein, which in turn, leads to decreased inhibition of translation of many synaptic proteins. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) hypothesis states that the neurological deficits in individuals with FXS are due mainly to downstream consequences of overstimulation of the mGluR pathway. The main efforts have focused on mGluR5 targeted treatments; however, investigation on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and its potential as a targeted treatment is less emphasized. The fragile X mouse models (Fmr1-knock out) show decreased GABA subunit receptors, decreased synthesis of GABA, increased catabolism of GABA, and overall decreased GABAergic input in many regions of the brain. Consequences of the reduced GABAergic input in FXS include oversensitivity to sensory stimuli, seizures, and anxiety. Deficits in the GABA receptors in different regions of the brain are associated with behavioral and attentional processing deficits linked to anxiety and autistic behaviors. The understanding of the neurobiology of FXS has led to the development of targeted treatments for the core behavioral features of FXS, which include social deficits, inattention, and anxiety. These symptoms are also observed in individuals with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, therefore the targeted treatments for FXS are leading the way in the treatment of other neurodevelopmental syndromes and autism. The GABAergic system in FXS represents a target for new treatments. Herein, we discuss the animal and human trials of GABAergic treatment in FXS. Arbaclofen and ganaxolone have been used in individuals with FXS. Other potential GABAergic treatments, such as riluzole, gaboxadol, tiagabine, and vigabatrin, will be also discussed. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of GABAergic treatments for FXS.
Conflict from teamwork in project-based collaborative learning (2010)

This study investigated the conflict occurring during teamwork among college seniors in project-based collaborative learning in a capstone course. It found that conflict emerged with poor communication, task management, and work allocation; unequal treatments among classmates; egocentricity; a clash of values; and lack of responsibility and initiative. To prepare graduating students for the workforce, teachers should equip them with essential skills and foster students' appropriate work attitude to improve performance.
The National Head and Spinal Cord Injury Survey: design and methodology. (1980)

The National Head and Spinal Cord Injury Survey was designed to provide statistics that measure the morbidity and economic costs of injury to the head or spinal cord for the population in the contiguous United States for the year 1974. This article described the multistage design that was used for sampling in the survey, and includes general remarks on random and probability sampling. The criteria for eligibility for the survey and the methodology for data collection are also discussed. It is necessary to understand these aspects of the survey in order to interpret the findings.
Epidemic Clone I-Specific Genetic Markers in Strains of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Serotype 4b from Foods (2004)

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods has been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis. However, the health hazards posed by L. monocytogenes detected in foods may vary, and speculations exist that strains actually implicated in illness may constitute only a fraction of those that contaminate foods. In this study, examination of 34 serogroup 4 (putative or confirmed serotype 4b) isolates of L. monocytogenes obtained from various foods and food-processing environments, without known implication in illness, revealed that many of these strains had methylation of cytosines at GATC sites in the genome, rendering their DNA resistant to digestion by the restriction endonuclease Sau3AI. These strains also harbored a gene cassette with putative restriction-modification system genes as well as other, genomically unlinked genetic markers characteristic of the major epidemic-associated lineage of L. monocytogenes (epidemic clone I), implicated in numerous outbreaks in Europe and North America. This may reflect a relatively high fitness of strains with these genetic markers in foods and food-related environments relative to other serotype 4b strains and may partially account for the repeated involvement of such strains in human food-borne listeriosis.
Defined Substrate Technology Method for Rapid and Specific Simultaneous Enumerationof Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli from Water: Collaborative Study (1991)

The defined substrate technology (DST) method is a reagent system designed to enumerate specific target microbes(s) from a mixture of bacteria. The system simultaneously enumerates total coliforms and Escherichia coli directly from a water sample. The reagent contains o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), which is hydrolyzed by total coliforms to produce a yellow chromogen, and 4-methylumbeilliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG), which is hydrolyzed and fluoresces when E. coli organisms grow. Noncoliform bacteria are suppressed and cannot metabolize the indicator nutrients. Nine laboratories participated in a field evaluation of the method, which covered a wide range of surface and subsurface water sources and water-processing modalities, including the examination of natural samples. The DST system was compared to multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) (quantitative) and presence-absence (P-A) (qualitative) Standard Methods formats. Comparison of water samples from natural sources by using the most probable number (MPN) procedure showed that the DST test was equivalent to the currently used MTF test. Results from the DST and the qualitative P-A procedure showed that these tests agreed with each other in 94% of the water samples analyzed. Specificity of the DST method was established by subculturing a species consistent with a total coliform or E. coli from each positive tube. Eight laboratories participated in a collaborative study of the method. Each laboratory received 3 concentrations of E. coli (organisms/100 mL); 10 (low); 60 (medium); and 120 (high). The DST test was inoculated from a split sample of each bacterial density in parallel with Standard Methods brilliant green lactose broth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Poly(Glutamic Acid)-b-Polyphenylalanine Polymersomes (2016)

Different types of amphiphilic macromolecular structures have been developed within recent decades to prepare the polymer particles considered as drug delivery systems. In the present research the series of amphiphilic block-copolymers containing poly(glutamatic acid) as hydrophilic, and polyphenylalanine as hydrophobic blocks was synthesized and characterized. Molecular weights for homo- and copolymers were determined by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and amino acid analysis, respectively. The copolymers obtained were applied for preparation of polymer particles. The specific morphology of prepared polymerosomes was proved using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence on particle size of polymer concentration and pH used for self-assembly, as well as on the length of hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks of applied copolymers, was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Depending on different experimental conditions, the formation of nanoparticles with sizes from 60 to 350 nm was observed. The surface of polymersomes was modified with model protein (enzyme). No loss in biocatalytic activity was detected. Additionally, the process of encapsulation of model dyes was developed and the possibility of intracellular delivery of the dye-loaded nanoparticles was proved. Thus, the nanoparticles discussed can be considered for the creation of modern drug delivery systems.
ZnCdSeTe-based orange light-emitting diode (2002)

We report the fabrication of orange light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by introducing Te into the well layers of ZnCdSe-ZnSSe multiple quantum-well active region. It was found that a 15% Te can result in a 91 nm photoluminescence (PL) red-shift at 16 K and a 81 nm PL red-shift at room temperature. Such a ZnSe-based orange LED can be integrated easily with conventional ZnSe-based blue-green LED on the same GaAs substrate. Thus, such a ZnSe-based orange LED is potentially useful in realizing a new one-chip type white LED without the use of phosphor.