gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric probability density function of a signal with interferometric crosstalk (2001)

An asymmetric probability density function due to the beating of interferometric crosstalk and amplifier spontaneous emission noise in a system with optical preamplifier is observed experimentally and explained theoretically. An accurate derivation of the probability density function of the photocurrent in the presence of N incoherent homodyne interferers is presented, for the first time, to explain the asymmetry. The model is compared with the experiment and is shown to be in excellent agreement.
New opportunities to use cold spray process for applying additive features to titanium alloys (2006)

Studies show it performs extrusions and forgings, reducing the costs to produce aerospace, automotive and industrial components…
Soft x-ray production from laser produced plasmas for lithography applications (1993)

Laser-produced plasmas are investigated as a source for soft x-ray projection lithography. The dependence of conversion efficiency on target material, intensity, wavelength, and pulse width is determined using absolutely calibrated detectors. Conversion efficiency greater than 1% into a 2.2 eV bandwidth is demonstrated for Sn targets, fulfilling the system source requirements.
C-Reactive Protein: Structural Biology and Host Defense Function (1999)

Human C-reactive protein is a Ca2+-binding acute phase-protein with binding specificity for phosphocholine. Recent crystallographic and mutagenesis studies have provided a solid understanding of the structural biology of the protein, while experiments using transgenic mice have confirmed its host-defense function. The protein consists of five identical protomers in cyclic symmetry. On one face of each protomer there is a binding site for phosphocholine consisting of two Ca2+ ions that ligate the phosphate group and a hydrophobic pocket that accommodates the methyl groups of phosphocholine. On the opposite face is a deep cleft formed by parts of the N and C termini and bordered by an alpha-helix. Mutational studies indicate that the C1q-binding site of the molecule is located at the open end of this cleft with Asp112 and Tyr175 representing contact residues. Using human C-reactive protein transgenic mice, we investigated the host defense functions of the protein. Transgenic mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae had increased lifespan and lowered mortality compared to wild-type mice. This was attributable to an up to 400-fold reduction in bacteremia mediated mainly by the interaction of C-reactive protein with complement. A complement-independent host protective effect was also demonstrated.
Simultaneous pose and correspondence determination using line features (2003)

We present a new robust line matching algorithm for solving the model-to-image registration problem. Given a model consisting of 3D lines and a cluttered perspective image of this model, the algorithm simultaneously estimates the pose of the model and the correspondences of model lines to image lines. The algorithm combines softassign for determining correspondences and POSIT for determining pose. Integrating these algorithms into a deterministic annealing procedure allows the correspondence and pose to evolve from initially uncertain values to a joint local optimum. This research extends to line features the SoftPOSIT algorithm proposed recently for point features. Lines detected in images are typically more stable than points and are less likely to be produced by clutter and noise, especially in man-made environments. Experiments on synthetic and real imagery with high levels of clutter, occlusion, and noise demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm.
IMPROVED AND CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF DISULFIDES IN THE ABSENCE OF SOLVENT CATALYZED BY CLAYFEN (1993)

(1993). IMPROVED AND CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF DISULFIDES IN THE ABSENCE OF SOLVENT CATALYZED BY CLAYFEN. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 232-233.
Crystal structure of the human transcription elongation factor DSIF hSpt4 subunit in complex with the hSpt5 dimerization interface (2009)

The eukaryotic transcription elongation factor DSIF [DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) sensitivity-inducing factor] is composed of two subunits, hSpt4 and hSpt5, which are homologous to the yeast factors Spt4 and Spt5. DSIF is involved in regulating the processivity of RNA polymerase II and plays an essential role in transcriptional activation of eukaryotes. At several eukaryotic promoters, DSIF, together with NELF (negative elongation factor), leads to promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II. In the present paper we describe the crystal structure of hSpt4 in complex with the dimerization region of hSpt5 (amino acids 176-273) at a resolution of 1.55 A (1 A=0.1 nm). The heterodimer shows high structural similarity to its homologue from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, hSpt5-NGN is structurally similar to the NTD (N-terminal domain) of the bacterial transcription factor NusG. A homologue for hSpt4 has not yet been found in bacteria. However, the archaeal transcription factor RpoE" appears to be distantly related. Although a comparison of the NusG-NTD of Escherichia coli with hSpt5 revealed a similarity of the three-dimensional structures, interaction of E. coli NusG-NTD with hSpt4 could not be observed by NMR titration experiments. A conserved glutamate residue, which was shown to be crucial for dimerization in yeast, is also involved in the human heterodimer, but is substituted for a glutamine residue in Escherichia coli NusG. However, exchanging the glutamine for glutamate proved not to be sufficient to induce hSpt4 binding.
Authenticating Streamed Data in the Presence of Random Packet Loss. (2001)

We propose a new scheme for authenticating streamed data delivered in real-time over an insecure network. The difficulty of signing live streams is twofold. First, authentication must be efficient so the stream can be processed without delay. Secondly, authentication must be possible even if some packets in the sequence are missing. Streams of audio or video provide a good example. They must be processed in real-time and are commonly exchanged over UDP, with no guarantee that every packet will be delivered. Existing solutions to the problem of signing streams have been designed to resist worst-case packet loss. In practice however, network loss is not malicious but occurs in patterns of consecutive packets known as bursts. Based on this realistic model of network loss, we propose an authentication scheme for streams which achieves better performance as well as much lower communication overhead than existing solutions. We have implemented our constructions as plug-ins to the RealSystem platform from Real Networks to authenticate audio and video streams.
Injection currents in lamellar crystals of gallium telluride (2003)

The results of researches of electrical properties and injection currents in lamellar samples of p-type gallium telluride with the purpose of determination of charge transfer mechanism both in the Ohm law regime and in the range of its violation in the wide temperature interval (77300) K have been given. Specific resistance of the studied samples changed within 510 4 610 5 Ohmcm at room temperatures. The analysis based on the Lampert theory has shown that the current-voltage characteristics at 77 K are in accord with monopolar injection current and one discrete level in the gallium telluride bandgap with the energy 0.18 eV and concentration 5.610 12 cm 3 . It has been found that, in the temperature range of 77300 K in GaTe single crystals, the mechanism of charge transfer can be ascertained with currents limited by the spatial charge.
Swinging Bus Operation of Inverters for Fuel Cell Applications With Small DC-Link Capacitance (2014)

For reliability reasons, the employment of small film capacitors instead of electrolytic ones is an interesting alternative for the dc-link in single-phase inverters for fuel cell applications. Due to the low capacitance that can be accomplished at an acceptable cost using this technology, there are large low-frequency voltage fluctuations (100/120 Hz and harmonics) in the dc-link caused by the double-frequency power transfer. By allowing these variations in the bus, the capacitor bank absorbs the current ripple from the inverter to avoid detrimental oscillations in the fuel cell. Traditional control strategies for inverters are usually designed to operate with nearly constant input voltage and are not able to effectively handle large (e.g., ) low-frequency input voltage fluctuations. This paper introduces the analysis of a swinging bus in the context of fuel cell standalone applications (i.e., voltage-source inverters) and proposes a nonlinear control approach to operate inverters with very large input voltage swing: the natural switching surface (NSS). Under the proposed scheme, the inverter presents excellent dynamic and steady-state characteristics, even at moderate switching frequency (e.g., 3.6 kHz). In order to illustrate the superior performance of the NSS, a comparison to a proportional-resonant (PR) controller is performed. Unlike the linear compensator, the NSS is able to reject the large bus voltage oscillations and achieve high-quality output voltage with low total harmonic distortion (THD). Simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the behavior of the swinging bus and to validate the NSS control scheme under the proposed demanding operating conditions.
Random adaptive optimizer restores distribution service (2000)

Power network faults may lead to blackouts in some areas. Dispatchers should accurately diagnose faulted elements as soon as possible and restore those areas to their normal state. The restoration of the blackout area in a distribution network is a complex nonlinear combinatorial optimization problem, which is to restore as much of the blacked out area as possible and not to lead to overload in the normal area. In view of the limitation of the conventional expert system (ES) based on rules for restoring a blacked out area, a new random adaptive optimizing method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to the restoration system of the distribution network.
Vitamin E has a dual effect of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in acetic acid–induced ulcerative colitis in rats (2011)

Our study proposes that vitamin E is an effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and may be a promising therapeutic option for ulcerative colitis.
Acaricide mode of action (2004)

The last few years have seen the introduction of an unprecedented number of new classes of acaricides with novel or under-exploited modes of action, discovered by traditional screening. Acaricide research has uncovered several unrelated compounds that possess improved properties. Pyridaben, acequinocyl, diafenthiuron, etoxazole, spirodiclofen and bifenazate, in particular, are acaricides that are safe to beneficials, have low mammalian toxicity and short environmental persistence. Many of the new acaricides appear to affect mitochondrial respiration, and previously unknown targets affecting mite growth and development have been identified, offering new opportunities for mite control.
Positive Regulation of <i>psbA</i> Gene Expression by cis-Encoded Antisense RNAs in <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803  (2012)

The D1 protein of photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms is encoded by psbA genes, which in cyanobacteria occur in the form of a small gene family. Light-dependent up-regulation of psbA gene expression is crucial to ensure the proper replacement of the D1 protein. To gain a high level of gene expression, psbA transcription can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Recent transcriptome analyses demonstrated a high number of cis-encoded antisense RNAs (asRNAs) in bacteria, but very little is known about their possible functions. Here, we show the presence of two cis-encoded asRNAs (PsbA2R and PsbA3R) of psbA2 and psbA3 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. These asRNAs are located in the 5' untranslated region of psbA2 and psbA3 genes. Their expression becomes up-regulated by light and down-regulated by darkness, similar to their target mRNAs. In the PsbA2R-suppressing strain [PsbA2R(-)], the amount of psbA2 mRNA was only about 50% compared with the control strain. Likewise, we identified a 15% lowered activity of photosystem II and a reduced amount of the D1 protein in PsbA2R(-) compared with the control strain. The function of PsbA2R in the stabilization of psbA2 mRNA was shown from in vitro RNase E assay when the AU box and the ribosome-binding site in the 5' untranslated region of psbA2 mRNA were both covered by PsbA2R. These results add another layer of complexity to the mechanisms that contribute to psbA gene expression and show PsbA2R as a positively acting factor to achieve a maximum level of D1 synthesis.
The sick child, humanitarian narratives and the getting of hospitals: an historical research brief. (1996)

The nineteenth and early twentieth century discourse on the need for a separate children's pavilion at Dunedin Hospital, and for a fever hospital, constructed "the sick child' as an image of suffering. This research brief offers a preliminary consideration of the way in which this construction relates to Thomas Laqueur's "humanitarian narrative" (1989). It examines five texts to see how "the sick child' was used in a persuasive discourse to get hospitals.
Bayer and panchromatic color filter array demosaicing by sparse recovery (2010)

The utility of Compressed Sensing (CS) for demosaicing of digital images have been explored by few recent efforts. Most recently, a Compressive Demosaicing [3] framework, based on employing a random panchromatic Color Filter Array (CFA) at the sensing stage, has provided compelling CS-based demosaicing results by visually outperforming other leading techniques. Meanwhile, it is well known that the Bayer pattern is arguably the most popular CFA used in low-cost consumer digital cameras. In this paper, we explore and compare the Bayer and random panchromatic CFA structures using a generic approach for demosaicing of images based on recent advances in the field of CS. In particular, a key objective of this work is to provide a comparative analysis between these two CFA patterns (Bayer and random panchromatic) under the general umbrella of sparse recovery, which represents the cornerstone of CS-based decoding. We demonstrate the viability of the Bayer pattern under certain CS conditions. Meanwhile, we show that a random panchromatic CFA, which meets certain incoherence constraints, can visually outperform a Bayer based sparse recovery. As illustrated in our simulation results, a panchromatic CFA is more consistent in terms of providing better visual quality when tested on a wide range of color images.
Experiences with program static analysis (2002)

Conventionally, software quality has been measured mainly by the number of test items, the test coverage, and the number of faults in the test phase. This approach of relying heavily on testing is not satisfactory from a quality assurance viewpoint. Since software is becoming larger and more complex, quality must be assured from the early phases, such as requirements analysis, design and coding. Code reviews are effective to build in software quality from the coding phase. However, for a large-scale software development, there are limitations in covering all the programs. The advantage of using static analysis tools is the capability to detect fault-prone programs easily and automatically. We describe the effective use of a static analysis tool, and show the effectiveness of the static analysis technique.
Genomic DNA-based hMSH2 and hMLH1 mutation screening in 32 Eastern United States hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer pedigrees. (1997)

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome characterized by early age of onset colorectal cancer (mean 45 years) as well as endometrial, urinary tract, and upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. The HNPCC phenotype has been shown to segregate with germline mutations in the human homologues of the DNA mismatch repair genes MSH2, MLH1, PMS1, and PMS2. However, the majority of published DNA mismatch repair gene mutation surveys associated with HNPCC kindreds report multiple levels of preselection, including 2p and 3p chromosomal linkage analysis and the evaluation of microsatellite instability of proband colorectal cancers prior to mutation analysis. For this reason, the concise contribution of each of the known DNA mismatch repair genes to the HNPCC phenotype remains unknown. We report the results of a genomic DNA-based analysis of hMSH2 and hMLH1 germline mutations in 32 unrelated Eastern United States HNPCC kindreds. These families were selected for study on the basis of phenotype only. We identified three hMSH2 and six hMLH1 mutations in eight families, for a positive mutation rate of 25%. Two mutations were identified in one of the families. Four of the mutations detected have not been reported in the literature previously. One of the mutation-positive families is African American; the others were of European-American ancestry. These results provide a clarification of the contribution of hMSH2 and hMLH1 to the HNPCC phenotype and suggest that in the majority of Eastern United States HNPCC kindreds selected by phenotype alone, the molecular genetic basis for the disease remains unknown.
Comparison of radon‐daughter‐induced effects in repair‐proficient and repair‐deficient cho cell lines (1990)

The radiobiological effects of the radon daughter 212Bi were investigated in the Chinese hamster ovary cell line AA8 and its radiosensitive derivative EM9. EM9 cells rejoin radiation-induced DNA strand breaks more slowly than do AA8 cells. Three endpoints were examined: cell killing, G2-induced chromosome aberration frequency, and mutation induction at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) locus. Cells were exposed to the alpha-emitter 212Bi chelated to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (212Bi-DTPA). As expected, 212Bi-DTPA was more effective than X-rays in producing cytotoxicity, chromosome aberrations, and gene mutations. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for all three endpoints ranged from about 2 for chromosome aberrations to 4.4 for mutation induction. EM9 was more sensitive than AA8 cells to the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of both X-rays and 212Bi-DTPA, suggesting that the repair deficiency in EM9 cells affects response to low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation for these endpoints. There was no significant difference between these two cell lines in their mutagenic response to X-rays and AA8 was slightly more sensitive to the mutagenic effects of alpha radiation. These results suggest that alterations in DNA repair ability may affect response of cells to both low- and high-LET radiation-induced cytotoxicity and clastogenicity, but they appear to have little effect on gene mutation induction.
The Physical basis of medical imaging (1981)

This book consists of 23 chapters which discuss the underlying physics of medical imaging. The physical interactions resulting in image formation are well presented. The principles of radiation protection and risk estimation are also well covered. The section about radiographic films and screen-film systems includes a comprehensive compilation of currently available image receptors. Unfortunately, information regarding different types of x-ray generators and their clinical applications is minimal. As in most multi-authored works, the quality and extensiveness of analysis varies from topic to topic. Despite this deficiency, The Physical Basis of Medical Imaging should still be useful to radiologists and physicists. The chapters discussing digital fluoroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance should also be helpful to readers, especially since these modalities will be used more extensively in the future. This book could be used as a text for a survey course in medical imaging.
Effect of sugar replacement by polyols and acesulfame-K on properties of low-fat cookies (2000)

The effect of sucrose replacement by polyols or fructose on dough rheology and properties of low-fat cookies was studied. Polydextrose was used to replace 35% of fat in low-fat cookie formulations. The rheological properties of dough were affected by sugar replacement. Maltitol and fructose resulted in dough with high values of hardness and consistency and low adhesiveness and cohesiveness, while lactitol, sorbitol and xylitol had the opposite effect. The properties of cookies prepared with maltitol and lactitol were similar to sucrose ones. Sorbitol cookies had acceptable properties too. In addition, lactitol and sorbitol improved the texture of low-fat cookies, making them softer and less brittle. Xylitol also affected texture favourably, but not flavour. Mannitol was found not suitable for cookie formulation, as it restricts spread and imparts unpleasant flavour and appearance to the cookies. Fructose was judged unacceptable too, because it led to bitter aftertaste and dark colour. Cookies with polyols or fructose were less sweet than sucrose ones, but supplementation with acesulfame-K increased sweetness and improved perceived flavour and general acceptance. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Preliminary communication Investigation of pretilt angle generation in nematic liquid crystal with oblique non-polarized UV light irradiation on polyimide films (1997)

We investigated new rubbing-free techniques for liquid crystal (LC) alignment with non- polarized ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on plates coated with two kinds of the polyimide (PI) films. It was found that monodomain alignment of nematic (N) LC is obtained in the cell having a PI surface without a side chain. We successfully observed that the generated pretilt angle of the NLC is about 3 with an angle of incidence of 70 on the PI surface without side chains. This pretilt angle generation is attributed to interaction between the LC molecules and the polymer surfaces; the uniform alignment of NLC is attributed to anisotropic dispersion force effects due to photo-depolymerization of polymer on PI surfaces.
Nicotine N-demethylase gene and its application in tobacco breeding (2012)

Nornicotine,which is produced by N-demethylation of nicotine,can serve as the precursor of potential carcinogen N-nitrosonornicotine(NNN) synthesis.Nicotine N-demethylase(NND) genes were cloned and applied to evolutionary analysis.These genes were also employed as target for tobacco breeding to produce tobacco with low level of nornicotine.In this review,the recent works concentrated on NND genes and suggestions for future research were discussed.
A high-repetition-rate chemical HF laser (1973)

An HF chemical laser with a 10-cm-long active volume has been constructed for operation at high pulse repetition rates using TE excitation. Up to 7.2 W of quasi-CW power were produced at 1100 Hz. Powers as high as 160 mW were obtained on a single transition when the cavity was line tuned. The effect of sequential or cascade lasing was observed.
Analysis of sound absorption of tuck spacer fabrics to reduce automotive noise (2007)

Textiles are widely used in the automotive industry to provide both comfort to the passengers and an aesthetic appearance to the automotive interior. They can also be used to reduce automotive interior noise, which can make automotive travel safer and more comfortable. Knitted fabrics are used widely in automotive upholstery; however, the sound absorbency of a single layer of a knitted fabric is inadequate for the reduction of automotive interior noise. This paper investigates the sound absorbency of a novel knitted spacer fabric, which can be used in automotive upholstery and has the potential for greater sound absorbency than a conventional plain knitted fabric and its derivatives. The spacer fabric is modelled as a porous sound absorber and its sound absorbency is studied with regard to its structural parameters.