gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubilities of Solids and Liquids of Low Volatility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1991)

A table is given of the compounds of low volatility, whose experimental solubilities in supercritical carbon dioxide have been published up to the end of 1989, with the temperature and pressure ranges of the experimental measurements, the experimental method, and references to the source of data. The data for pure compounds, which were presented in tabular form in the original publications, are shown in a series of figures along with correlation lines for each isotherm. The method of correlation was to fit the experimental data for each isotherm, in the form of the natural logarithm of the product of mole fraction and pressure, to a linear function of density above a pressure of 100 bars. The constants obtained from the fitting procedures are given in a table. Procedures for estimating, from these constants, the solubilities of the compounds at temperatures and pressures different from those of the experimental data are suggested.
Melt-Granulation with a new laboratory high-shear mixer (1992)

peer reviewed
Growth Rate and Surface Morphology of Diamond Homoepitaxial Films on Misoriented (001) Substrates (1996)

Homoepitaxial films were grown on misoriented diamond(001) substrates using microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition with a methane and hydrogen gas mixture. The dependence of growth rate and surface morphology on methane concentration, substrate temperature and off-angle was investigated. The growth rate dependence was significant for a growth at a high substrate temperature (1000° C) and low methane concentration (1%), suggesting the surface migration distance of the nanometer order. A flat surface was observed macroscopically and microscopically for films grown on off-substrates at a high substrate temperature and low methane concentration.
Endocannabinoid signaling directs differentiation of trophoblast cell lineages and placentation (2010)

In most mammals, placentation is critical for fetal development and pregnancy success. Exposure to marijuana during pregnancy has adverse effects, but whether the placenta is a target of cannabinoid/endocannabinoid signaling is not known. Using mice as a model system, we found that the endocannabinoid system is present in the ectoplacental cone and spongiotrophoblast cells. We also observed that aberrant endocannabinoid signaling confers premature trophoblast stem cell differentiation, and defective trophoblast development and invasion. These defects are reflected in retarded fetal development and compromised pregnancy outcome. Because the endocannabinoid system is conserved in mice and humans, our study suggests that endocannabinoid signaling is critical to placentation and pregnancy success in humans and implicates its potential significance in stem cell biology.
Thoracolumbar Proprioception in Individuals with and without Low Back Pain: Intratester Reliability, Clinical Applicability, and Validity (2002)

Proprioception testing, with the methods employed, did not demonstrate good measurement properties in a sample of patients with recurrent LBP. Neither could it sufficiently discriminate between individuals with and without LBP. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
Formation of Volatile Compounds in Soy Flour by Singlet Oxygen Oxidation During Storage Under Light (2003)

ABSTRACT: Volatile compounds in soy flour stored under light and in the dark at 30 °C were studied by a combination of solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and sensory evaluation. As storage time increased from 0 to 6 d, the total volatile compounds in soy flour stored in the dark and under light increased by 60% and 300%, respectively. Dimethyl disulfide increased significantly under light, and 2‐pentylfuran, 1‐octene, and 2‐heptenal were identified only in soy flour under light. This indicates that the singlet oxygen oxidation was taking place in soy flour stored under light. Sensory off‐flavor scores were significantly higher in samples stored under light than in the dark.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis Without Formylation in a Mutant of<i>Escherichia coli</i>That Grows in the Absence of Tetrahydrofolate (1977)

Starting from a p-aminobenzoate-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli K-12 AB3292), we have isolated mutants that can grow in the absence of p-aminobenzoate (and thus tetrahydrofolate). The following lines of evidence suggest that at least one of these mutants is capable of initiating protein synthesis without formylation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (methionyl-tRNA(fMet)). (i) tRNA isolated (and charged in vivo with [(35)S]methionine) from this mutant grown in a p-aminobenzoate-free medium contained less than 0.4% of the total methionine charged to the tRNA as formylmethionine. However, when the mutant was grown in the presence of p-aminobenzoate, 40 to 50% of the total [(35)S]methionine was detected as formylmethionine. (ii) Extracts of the mutant grown in the absence of p-aminobenzoate contained no formyl-tetrahydrofolate, but such extracts did contain formylatable methionyl-tRNA and a functional transformylase. (iii) Tetrahydrofolate-free extracts of the mutant were capable of supporting protein synthesis with viral RNA (from f2) as messenger, but the resulting synthesized proteins contained no formylmethionine, and methionine residues were detected where formylmethionine residues are normally found. In the presence of formyl-tetrahydrofolate, use of a similar extract resulted in the detection of 30 to 40% of the total polypeptide methionine as formylmethionine. (iv) Initiation of protein synthesis in vitro occurred more readily with formyl-tetrahydrofolate-free extracts of the mutant than with similar extracts prepared from the parent strain. However, in the presence of formyl-tetrahydrofolate, initiation of protein synthesis proceeded equally well with both kinds of extracts. tRNA from this mutant and another spontaneously derived mutant was found to be partially deficient in the modified nucleoside ribothymidine (rT). Analysis of extracts showed that the mutants contained decreased levels of the methylase that results in the formation of ribothymidine. In vivo studies with an independently isolated rT(-) strain suggest that the lack of rT in tRNA facilitates the growth of E. coli under conditions where protein synthesis is forced to take place without formylation.
Minor Phenolic Constituents of Crinum augustum (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMinor Phenolic Constituents of Crinum augustumM. A. Abd El-Hafiz, M. A. Ramadan, and R. AntonCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1990, 53, 5, 1349–1352Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/np50071a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (281 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Deep Versus Wide Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Recognition on Neuromorphic System (2018)

In the last decade, special purpose computing systems, such as Neuromorphic computing, have become very popular in the field ofcomputer vision and machine learning for classification tasks. In 2015, IBM's released the TrueNorth Neuromorphic system, kick-starting a new era of Neuromorphic computing. Alternatively, Deep Learning approaches such as Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) show almost human-Ievel accuracies for detection and classification tasks. IBM's 2016 release of a deep learning framework for DCNNs, called Energy Efficient Deep Neuromorphic Networks (Eedn). Eedn shows promise for delivering high accuracies across a number of different benchmarks, while consuming very low power, using IBM's TrueNorth chip. However, there are many things that remained undiscovered using the Eedn framework for classification tasks on a Neuromorphic system. In this paper, we have empirically evaluated the performance of different DCNN architectures implemented within the Eedn framework. The goal of this work was discover the most efficient way to implement DCNN models for object classification tasks using the TrueNorth system. We performed our experiments using benchmark data sets such as MNIST, COIL-20, and COIL-100. The experimental results show very promising classification accuracies with very low power consumption on IBM's NSle Neurosynaptic system. The results show that for datasets with large numbers of classes, wider networks perform better when compared to deep networks comprised of nearly the same core complexity on IBM's TrueNorth system.
Interaction between hexon and L4-100K determines virus rescue and growth of hexon-chimeric recombinant Ad5 vectors (2016)

The immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vectors has been shown to be suppressed by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) directed primarily against hexon hypervariable regions (HVRs). Preexisting immunity can be circumvented by replacing HVRs of rAd5 hexon with those derived from alternate adenovirus serotypes. However, chimeric modification of rAd5 hexon HVRs tends to cause low packaging efficiency or low proliferation of rAd5 vectors, but the related mechanism remains unclear. In this study, several Ad5-based vectors with precise replacement of HVRs with those derived from Ad37 and Ad43 were generated. We first observed that a HVR-exchanged rAd5 vector displayed a higher efficacy of the recombinant virus rescue and growth improvement compared with the rAd5 vector, although most hexon-chimeric rAd5 vectors constructed by us and other groups have proven to be nonviable or growth defective. We therefore evaluated the structural stability of the chimeric hexons and their interactions with the L4-100K chaperone. We showed that the viability of hexon-chimeric Ad5 vectors was not attributed to the structural stability of the chimeric hexon, but rather to the hexon maturation which was assisted by L4-100K. Our results suggested that the intricate interaction between hexon and L4-100K would determine the virus rescue and proliferation efficiency of hexon-chimeric rAd5 vectors.
Ultra high aspect-ratio and thick deep silicon etching (UDRIE) (2017)

We report an advanced deep-reactive-ion-etching (DRIE) process developed specifically for etching ultra-deep structures in thick (>500μm) silicon wafers with high aspect-ratio and straight sidewalls across a wide range of feature sizes and patterns. This is achieved by ramping critical process parameters throughout the etching duration. 600-800μm deep trenches with widths as small as 20-40μm are etched in 1mm-thick silicon wafer, and are expected to be etched through a 1mm wafer with thicker and/or higher selectivity masking materials. We have produced holes >500μm deep with hole diameters as small as 25μm, and potentially with 10-15μm diameter holes. This ultra-deep silicon etching process will benefit both IC integration and emerging MEMS applications at micrometer and millimeter scale that demand high-resolution deep DRIE.
Stabilizing Zein Dispersions against Gelation (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStabilizing Zein Dispersions against GelationCyril D. Evans and Ralph H. ManleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 2, 230–232Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50398a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50398a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Lanthanide Amides Incorporating Neutral Pyrrole Ligand. Isolation and Characterization of Active Catalyst for Cyanosilylation of Ketones (2014)

A series of lanthanide amido complexes incorporating a neutral pyrrole ligand were synthesized and characterized, and their catalytic activities were studied. Treatment of [(Me3Si)2N]3Ln(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 with 1 equiv of [(2,5-Me2C4H2N)CH2CH2] 2NH (1) in toluene afforded the corresponding lanthanide amides with the formula [η5:η1-(2,5-Me2C4H2N)CH2CH2]2NLn[N(SiMe3)2]2 (Ln = La (2), Nd (3)). Reaction of 2 or 3 with N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (CyN═C═NCy) gave the carbodiimide selectively inserted into the appended Ln–N bond products formulated as CyNC{[N,N-(2,5-Me2C4H2N)CH2CH2]2N}NCyLn[N(SiMe3)2]2 (Ln = La (4), Nd (5)). Reactions of the lanthanide amides with Me3SiCN were also examined. A mixed reaction of [(Me3Si)2N]3La(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3, [(2,5-Me2C4H2N)CH2CH2]2NH (1), and Me3SiCN in toluene at room temperature produced the novel cyano bridged dinuclear lanthanum complex η5:η1:η3-[(2,5- Me2C4H2NCH2CH2)2N]La[N(SiMe3)2](μ-CN)La[N(SiMe3)2]3 (6). The stoichiometric reactions of lanthanide amides 2 or 3 with Me3SiCN produced the novel trinuclear lanthanum and neodymium complexes {(η5:η1-[(2,5-Me2C4H2NCH2CH2)2N]Ln[N(SiMe3)2](μ-CN)}3 (Ln = La (7), Nd (8)) through selective σ-bond metathesis reaction of the terminal Ln–N (N(SiMe3)2) bond with the Si–C bond of Me3SiCN. On the basis of the stoichiometric reactions of complexes 2, or 3 with Me3SiCN, complexes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 as catalysts for cyanosilylation of ketones were investigated. Results indicated that these complexes displayed a high catalytic activity on addition of Me3SiCN to ketones, and the activity of the complexes has the order of 7 ∼ 8 > 2 ∼ 3 ∼ 4 ∼ 5. Thus, complex 7 or 8 was proposed as the active catalyst in the catalytic reaction for the precatalysts of 2 and 3.
The RESID Database of protein structure modifications and the NRL-3D Sequence-Structure Database (2001)

The RESID Database is a comprehensive collection of annotations and structures for protein post-translational modifications including N-terminal, C-terminal and peptide chain cross-link modifications. The RESID Database includes systematic and frequently observed alternate names, Chemical Abstracts Service registry numbers, atomic formulas and weights, enzyme activities, taxonomic range, keywords, literature citations with database cross-references, structural diagrams and molecular models. The NRL-3D Sequence-Structure Database is derived from the three-dimensional structure of proteins deposited with the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank. The NRL-3D Database includes standardized and frequently observed alternate names, sources, keywords, literature citations, experimental conditions and searchable sequences from model coordinates. These databases are freely accessible through the National Cancer Institute-Frederick Advanced Biomedical Computing Center at these web sites: http://www. ncifcrf.gov/RESID, http://www.ncifcrf.gov/NRL-3D; or at these National Biomedical Research Foundation Protein Information Resource web sites: http://pir.georgetown.edu/pirwww/dbinfo/resid .html, http://pir.georgetown.edu/pirwww/dbinfo/nrl3d .html
Involvement of Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein, CD14, and Toll-Like Receptors in the Initiation of Innate Immune Responses by <i>Treponema</i> Glycolipids (2000)

Culture supernatants from Treponema maltophilum associated with periodontitis in humans and Treponema brennaborense found in a bovine cattle disease accompanied with cachexia caused a dose-dependent TNF-alpha synthesis in human monocytes increasing with culture time. This activity could be reduced significantly by blocking the CD14-part of the LPS receptor using the My 4 mAb and by polymyxin B. In the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, Treponema culture supernatants induced TNF-alpha secretion in a LPS binding protein (LBP)-dependent fashion. To enrich for active compounds, supernatants were extracted with butanol, while whole cells were extracted using a phenol/water method resulting in recovery of material exhibiting a similar activity profile. An LPS-LBP binding competition assay revealed an interaction of the treponeme phenol/water extracts with LBP, while precipitation studies implied an affinity to polymyxin B and endotoxin neutralizing protein. Macrophages obtained from C3H/HeJ mice carrying a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mutation were stimulated with treponeme extracts for NO release to assess the role of TLRs in cell activation. Furthermore, NF-kappaB translocation in TLR-2-negative Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was studied. We found that phenol/water-extracts of the two strains use TLRs differently with T. brennaborense-stimulating cells in a TLR-4-dependent fashion, while T. maltophilum-mediated activation apparently involved TLR-2. These results indicate the presence of a novel class of glycolipids in Treponema initiating inflammatory responses involving LBP, CD14, and TLRs.
Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase-Catalyzed Formation of Bioactive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2010)

Synthetic bioactive hydrogels have been widely recognized as key elements of emerging strategies to engineer tissues. However, the current shortage of highly specific and biocompatible methods to form and functionalize these materials hampers their wide pharmaceutical and medical use. In particular, enzymatic reactions are underexplored for the synthesis of bioactive hydrogels. Here, we present an approach by which phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), a small (16.2 kDa) enzyme that plays a key role in the biosynthesis of many natural products, was employed to catalyze covalent cross-linking of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels. Gels were formed within minutes under physiological conditions by mixing two aqueous precursors containing multiarm PEG macromers end-functionalized with the PPTase substrate Coenzyme A (CoA) and a genetically engineered dimer of a carrier protein. The physicochemical properties of this new class of biomaterials were characterized. Bioactive hydrogels were produced by covalent incorporation of a CoA-functionalized cell adhesion peptide (RGDS), resulting in specific adhesion of primary fibroblasts on the hydrogel surfaces. 3D encapsulation of cells resulted in high cell viability (ca. 95%) and single cell migration over long distances within RGDS-modified gels.
Progress in the Discovery of Treatments for C. difficile Infection: A Clinical and Medicinal Chemistry Review (2013)

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive pathogen that causes C. difficile infection, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of C. difficile infection in developed countries has become increasingly high due to the emergence of newer epidemic strains, a growing elderly population, extensive use of broad spectrum antibiotics, and limited therapies for this diarrheal disease. Because treatment options currently available for C. difficile infection have some drawbacks, including cost, promotion of resistance, and selectivity problems, new agents are urgently needed to address these challenges. This review article focuses on two parts: the first part summarizes current clinical treatment strategies and agents under clinical development for C. difficile infection; the second part reviews newly reported anti-difficile agents that have been evaluated or reevaluated in the last five years and are in the early stages of drug discovery and development. Antibiotics are divided into natural product inspired and synthetic small molecule compounds that may have the potential to be more efficacious than currently approved treatments. This includes potency, selectivity, reduced cytotoxicity, and novel modes of action to prevent resistance.
A Fast and Accurate Synchronization Technique for Extraction of Symmetrical Components (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper introduces an approach for the real-time extraction of the frequency, phase angle, and symmetrical components of the grid signal, which is of great importance for many applications in power systems such as power quality and protection. The proposed method is based on the concept of the adaptive notch filter that provides a fast and accurate estimation of the symmetrical components in the presence of frequency and amplitude variations. In addition, the system offers a high degree of immunity and insensitivity to power system disturbances, harmonics, and other types of pollutions that exist in the grid signal. The simplicity of the structure makes the method suitable for both software and hardware implementations. Moreover, this very simple and very powerful tool can be used as a synchronization technique, which further simplifies the control issues currently challenging the integration of distributed energy technologies into the electricity grid. Mathematical derivations are presented to describe the principles of operation, and experimental results confirm the validity of the analytical work. </para>