gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial working memory deficits in GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit knockout mice reflect impaired short-term habituation: Evidence for Wagner's dual-process memory model (2010)

Genetically modified mice, lacking the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit, are impaired on spatial working memory tasks, but display normal acquisition of spatial reference memory tasks. One explanation for this dissociation is that working memory, win-shift performance engages a GluA1-dependent, non-associative, short-term memory process through which animals choose relatively novel arms in preference to relatively familiar options. In contrast, spatial reference memory, as exemplified by the Morris water maze task, reflects a GluA1-independent, associative, long-term memory mechanism. These results can be accommodated by Wagner's dual-process model of memory in which short and long-term memory mechanisms exist in parallel and, under certain circumstances, compete with each other. According to our analysis, GluA1(-/-) mice lack short-term memory for recently experienced spatial stimuli. One consequence of this impairment is that these stimuli should remain surprising and thus be better able to form long-term associative representations. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have recently shown that long-term spatial memory for recently visited locations is enhanced in GluA1(-/-) mice, despite impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Taken together, these results support a role for GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in short-term habituation, and in modulating the intensity or perceived salience of stimuli.
Vector replacement to improve static-test compaction for synchronous sequential circuits (2001)

Static-test compaction procedures for synchronous sequential circuits may saturate and be unable to further reduce the test-sequence length before the test length reaches its minimum value, resulting in test sequences that may be longer than necessary. We propose a method to take a static-compaction procedure out of saturation and allow it to continue reducing the test-sequence length. The proposed method is based on the replacement of test vectors in the test sequence every time the compaction procedure reaches saturation. Test-vector replacement is done such that the fault coverage of the sequence is maintained. Experimental results using an effective static-compaction procedure demonstrate that reductions in test length can be obtained by the proposed vector replacement method.
Modeling and simulation of a digital focusing servo control system for an optical disk tester (1997)

The design of a digital focus servo control system for an optical disk tester is presented. A total focus misregistration budget is established for three primary disturbances: disk runout, shock, and system noise. The design of an analog servo system is established first to determine the required bandwidth. The analog design is transformed into a digital representation using pole/zero mapping techniques. The transformation to the digital domain includes the effects of the control law computation time, the D/A sample and hold, and the anti-aliasing filter. Modeling and simulation of the digital system in the frequency and time domain are used to obtain the phase margin and the transient response. The transient response overshoot is larger than that obtained from a second order model. The larger overshoot is a result of the additional phase delay produced in the digital system that reduces the gain margin drastically compared to the analog case.
The switch that wouldn't switch – unexpected luminescence from a ruthenium(ii)-dppz-complex in water (2010)

The complex [(dmcb)(2)Ru(dppz)](PF(6))(2) shows unexpected luminescence in water implying fundamentally different excited state relaxation pathways than are typically observed for complexes of this kind.
Depth-Dependent Redox Behavior of LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2018)

Nickel-rich layered materials are emerging as cathodes of choice for next-generation high energy density lithium ion batteries intended for electric vehicles. This is because of their higher practical capacities compared to compositions with lower Ni content, as well as the potential for lower raw materials cost. The higher practical capacity of these materials comes at the expense of shorter cycle life, however, due to undesirable structure and chemical transformations, especially at particle surfaces. To understand these changes more fully, the charge compensation mechanism and bulk and surface structural changes of LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 were probed using synchrotron techniques and electron energy loss spectroscopy in this study. In the bulk, both the crystal and electronic structure changes are reversible upon cycling to high voltages, whereas particle surfaces undergo significant reduction and structural reconstruction. While Ni is the major contributor to charge compensation, Co and O (through transition metal-oxygen hybridization) are also redox active. An important finding from depth-dependent transition metal L-edge and O K-edge X-ray spectroscopy is that oxygen redox activity exhibits depth-dependent characteristics. This likely drives the structural and chemical transformations observed at particle surfaces in Ni-rich materials.
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Abstract This article provides a brief introduction to aspects of mass spectrometry (MS) that employ artificial intelligence (AI) and expert system (ES) technology. These areas have grown rapidly with the development of computer software and hardware capabilities. In many cases, they have become fundamental parts of modern mass spectrometers. Specific attention is paid to applications that demonstrate how important features of MS are now dependent on AI and ESs. The following topics are specifically covered: history, MS data systems, biological applications, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and optimization techniques.
Engineering direct fructose production in processed potato tubers by expressing a bifunctional alpha-amylase/glucose isomerase gene complex (2000)

Manipulation of starch biosynthesis/degradation and formation of novel molecules in storage organs of plants through genetic engineering is an attractive but technically challenging goal. We report here, for the first time, that starch was degraded and glucose and fructose were produced directly when crushed potato tubers expressing a starch degrading bifunctional gene were heated for 45 minutes at 65 degrees C. To achieve this, we have constructed a fusion gene encoding the thermostable enzymes: alpha-amylase (Bacillus stearothermophilus) and glucose isomerase (Thermus thermophilus). The chimeric gene was placed under the control of the granule-bound-starch synthase promoter. This enzymatic complex produced in transgenic tubers was only active at high temperature (65 degrees C). More than 100 independent transgenic potato plants were regenerated. Molecular analyses confirmed the stable integration of the chimeric gene into the potato genome. The biochemical analyses performed on young and old tubers after high-temperature treatment (65 degrees C) revealed an increase in the formation rate of fructose and glucose by a factor of 16.4 and 5. 7, respectively, in the transgenic tubers as compared to untransformed control tubers. No adverse discernible effect on plant development and metabolism including tuber formation and starch accumulation was observed in the transgenic plants before heat treatment. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to replace starch degradation using microbial enzymes via a system where the enzymes are produced directly in the plants, but active only at high temperature, thus offering novel and viable strategies for starch-processing industries.
The CNS is a sanctuary for leukemic cells in mice receiving imatinib mesylate for Bcr/Abl-induced leukemia (2003)

The chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-like myeloproliferative disorder observed in the BCR/ABL murine bone marrow transduction and transplantation model shares several features with the human disease, including a high response rate to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (STI571). To study the impact of chronic imatinib mesylate treatment on the CML-like illness, mice were maintained on therapeutic doses of this drug and serially monitored. Unexpectedly, despite excellent systemic control of the CML-like illness, many of the mice developed progressive neurologic deficits after 2 to 4 months of imatinib mesylate therapy because of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia. Analysis of imatinib mesylate cerebral spinal fluid concentrations revealed levels 155- fold lower than in plasma. Thus, in the mouse, the limited ability of imatinib mesylate to cross the blood-brain barrier allowed the CNS to become a sanctuary for Bcr/Abl-induced leukemia. This model will be a useful tool for the future study of novel anti-CML drugs and in better defining the mechanisms for limited imatinib mesylate penetration into the CNS.
Transactional collection classes (2007)

While parallel programmers find it easier to reason about large atomic regions, the conventional mutual exclusion-based primitives for synchronization force them to interleave many small operations to achieve performance. Transactional memory promises that programmer scan use large atomic regions while achieving similar performance. However, these large transactions can conflict when operating on shared data structures, even for logically independent operations. Transactional collection classes address this problem by allowing long-running transactions to operate on shared data while eliminating unnecessary conflicts. Transactional collection classes wrap existing data structures, without the need for custom implementations or knowledge of data structure internals.
The Response of Plants to Soil Pb Stress (2023)

The problem of soil heavy metal pollution is becoming increasingly serious, and Pb is one of the main causes of soil heavy metal pollution due to its toxicity. Phytoremediation technology can reduce the content of heavy metal pollutants and improve soil nutrient conditions, and thus, it is more widely used. Pb in the soil affects the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, which in turn have a toxic effect on plants, causing severe wilting and death. Similarly, Pb also affects plant photosynthesis to varying degrees. This paper details the progress of research on the effects of soil Pb contamination on plants, with the aim of finding directions for further study.
Initiation of Runaway Cell Death in an <i>Arabidopsis</i> Mutant by Extracellular Superoxide (1996)

Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) regulate apoptosis during normal development and disease in animals. ROIs are also implicated in hypersensitive resistance responses of plants against pathogens. Arabidopsis lsd1 mutants exhibited impaired control of cell death in the absence of pathogen and could not control the spread of cell death once it was initiated. Superoxide was necessary and sufficient to initiate lesion formation; it accumulated before the onset of cell death and subsequently in live cells adjacent to spreading lsd1 lesions. Thus, runaway cell death seen in lsd1 plants reflected abnormal accumulation of superoxide and lack of responsiveness to signals derived from it.
Experimental Leak-Rate Measurement Through a Static Metal Seal (2006)

This paper presents an experimental study to characterize fluid leakage through a rough metal contact. The focus is on an original experimental setup and procedure designed to measure the fluid micro (or nano) leak rate with great precision over several orders of magnitude. Liquid leak-rate measurements were carried out under two distinct operating conditions, i.e., in the case of a pressure gradient applied between contact edges and in the case of a pure diffusive effect resulting from a species concentration gradient. Experimental leak-rate results are discussed in terms of effective contact permeability—or transmissivity—and in terms of effective contact diffusivity versus contact tightening.
Optical Isolator for Near Infrared (1967)

A Faraday effect optical isolator was constructed for the infrared region. The nonreciprocal element of the isolator was a lead glass rod in the magnetic field of a solenoid. A triple pass of the light beam through the glass decreased the magnetic field strength required for a 45° Faraday rotation. For 1.062 μ, the isolator had a 1.4 dB insertion loss, and a 29 dB isolation. Slight optical imperfections in the isolator components limited the isolator operation.
Preliminary Evaluation of the First NOAA Demonstration Network Wind Profiler (1990)

The first wind profiler for a demonstration network of wind profilers recently passed the milestone of 300 h of continuous operation. The horizontal wind component measurements taken during that period are compared with the WPL Platteville wind profiler and the NWS Denver rawinsonde. The differences between the network and WPL wind profilers have standard deviations of 2.30 m s−1 and 2.16 m s−1 for the u- and v-components, respectively. However, the WPL wind profiler ignores vertical velocity, whereas the network radar measures it and removes its effects from the u- and v-component measurements. The differences between the network wind profiler and the NWS rawinsonde (separated spatially by about 50 km) have standard deviations of 3.65 m s−1 and 3.06 m s−1 for the u- and v-components, respectively. These results are similar to those found in earlier comparison studies. Finally, the new network wind profiler demonstrates excellent sensitivity, consistently reporting measurements at all heights msl from 2 to nearly 18 km with very few outages.
High-Power AlGaInP Light-Emitting Diodes with Patterned Copper Substrates by Electroplating (2004)

We have developed a large-area (1.2 mm ×1.2 mm) chip structure for high-power AlGaInP/mirror/Cu light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to improve both the heat dissipation and substrate light-absorbing problems encountered in conventional AlGaInP/GaAs LED samples. Especially, this LED samples can be accomplished without additional dicing process. It was found that the peak-spectral wavelength of the AlGaInP LED with an electroplated copper substrate exhibited only about 3 nm shift at 400 mA, corresponding to a ∼30°C rising in the junction temperature. However, the junction temperature increased to 110°C easily for the AlGaInP/GaAs LED sample under a current injection of 400 mA. This indicates that the joule heating is less pronounced for the high-power AlGaInP/mirror/Cu LED sample where the metallic substrate provides a good heat sink.
Morphology and Barrier Function of the Corneal Epithelium After Penetrating Keratoplasty (1999)

Corneal epithelial structure was significantly impaired in postkeratoplasty eyes. Epithelial barrier function of postkeratoplasty eyes was influenced by original diseases. Removal of sutures improves epithelial structure but not barrier function.
Influence of doping on the electronic transport in GaSb/InAs(Sb) nanowire tunnel devices (2012)

The effect of various doping profiles on the electronic transport in GaSb/InAs(Sb) nanowire tunnel diodes is investigated. Zn-doping of the GaSb segment increases both the peak current density and the current level in reverse bias. Top-gated diodes exhibit peak current modulation with a threshold voltage which can be controlled by Zn-doping the InAs(Sb) segment. By intentionally n-doping the InAs(Sb) segment degenerate doping on both sides of the heterojunction can be achieved, as well as tunnel diodes with peak current of 420 kA/cm(2) at V-DS = 0.16V and a record-high current density of 3.6 MA/cm(2) at V-DS = -0.5V. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739082]
Petrophysical estimation from downhole Mineralogy logs (1997)

Abstract A number of physical and chemical properties of rocks, many of which are important in petrophysics are simple, usually linear functions, of a rock’s mineralogy. Examples include matrix density, porosity, magnetic susceptibility and cation exchange capacity. Mineralogy logs can be obtained directly from geochemical logs through an inversion process and, in turn, estimates of petrophysical properties such as those noted above can be obtained. The accuracy of such estimates is directly dependent on the quality of both the inversion and the geochemical measurements. Examples from producing oil fields and from deep-sea environments are used to show that accurate estimates of derived parameters can be obtained provided that appropriate inversion procedures are adopted, and that these estimates are generally better than those obtained by conventional log analysis. Logs of some parameters, such as cation exchange capacity, cannot be obtained except through the mineral inversion.
A register allocation technique using guarded PDG (1996)

Register allocation for instruction-level parallel processors involves problems that are not considered in register allocat,i on for scalar processors. First, when the same register is allocated to different variables, anti-dependence is gtmerated, which decreases instruction-level parallelism. Second, spill code should be inserted at a suitable position in its object, where it can be executed in parallel with other instructions. These problems do not exist for scalar processors, so existing register allocators take no account of them. This paper describes a new register allocation algorithm for solving these problems, using a graph structure that represents instructions and dependence between them. 1
Enrollments and Degrees Awarded to Physics Majors (1951)

Data are presented showing the enrollments of undergraduate and graduate students in physics in approximately 500 colleges and universities in the United States. In the academic year 1949–50, 12,670 undergraduate and 5,560 graduate physics majors were enrolled. These numbers are about twice those of four years previous. During 1948–49 the number of degrees in physics granted were: bachelors, 3,495; masters, 920; doctors, 274. For 1949–50 the number of degrees to be granted was estimated as: bachelors, 4050; masters, 1,000; doctors, 340. The production of doctorates in physics has now reached a “normal” output, based on previous trends which indicated a rapid increase. A tabulation is presented of the bachelors, masters, and doctors degrees granted in 1948–49 by each of the 500 colleges and universities in the United States.
Prostate Cancer Incidence and PSA Testing Patterns in Relation to USPSTF Screening Recommendations (2015)

Both the incidence of early-stage prostate cancer and rates of PSA screening have declined and coincide with 2012 USPSTF recommendation to omit PSA screening from routine primary care for men. Longer follow-up is needed to see whether these decreases are associated with trends in mortality.
Experimental Study of the Impact of Drilling Fluid Contamination on the Integrity of Cement–Formation Interface (2014)

Flood experiments were conducted over 30-day periods at 14.48 MPa (2100 psi) confining pressure and temperature of 22 °C (72 °F) with cement–sandstone composite cores and brine at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Higher pH values were observed in the effluent brine from the 10% mud contaminated core than the 0% mud contaminated core due to increased dissolution of cement. Microtomography revealed higher porosity at the interface zone of the 10% mud contaminated core. These show that mud contamination has a deleterious effect on the cement–sandstone interface and may create pathways for interzonal communication as well as sustained casing pressure.
Sensitivity Distribution Properties of a Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor to Ultrasonic Waves (2014)

In this research, the sensitivity distribution properties of a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) to ultrasonic waves were investigated employing the surface attachment method. A careful consideration was taken and examined by experimental results to explain that the distances and angles between the sensor and ultrasonic source influence not only the amplitudes, but also the initial phases, waveforms, and spectra of detected signals. Furthermore, factors, including the attachment method and the material's geometric dimensions, were also discussed. Although these results were obtained based on PS-FBG, they are also applicable to a normal FBG sensor or even an optical fiber sensor, due to the identical physical changes induced by ultrasonic waves in all three. Thus, these results are useful for applications of optical fiber sensors in non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring.
Purification and specificity of pancreatic elastase (1961)

Research Article| January 01 1961 Purification and specificity of pancreatic elastase M. A. Naughton; M. A. Naughton 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar F. Sanger F. Sanger † 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1961) 78 (1): 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0780156 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M. A. Naughton, F. Sanger; Purification and specificity of pancreatic elastase. Biochem J 1 January 1961; 78 (1): 156–163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0780156 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1961 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Finding a maximum-genus graph imbedding (1988)

The computational complexity of constructing the imbeddings of a given graph into surfaces of different genus is not well understood. In this paper, topological methods and a reduction to linear matroid parity are used to develop a polynomial-time algorithm to find a maximum-genus cellular imbedding. This seems to be the first imbedding algorithm for which the running time is not exponential in the genus of the imbedding surface.
Automating OS/SW provisioning for building enterprise data center (2011)

Rapid OS deployment has always been a challenging task in enterprise data center environments. In particular, deploying hundreds of thousands of systems is necessary to automate the installation process. This paper describes BitTorrent-based OS provisioning method to afford large-scale data centers. It can save the time necessary for installing and deploying operating systems and software.
Arterial End-to-side Anastomosis with the UNILINK System (1989)

A new technique for mechanical end-to-side anastomoses using the UNILINK anastomotic system is presented. The technique, based on the concept of vessel wall eversion over paired ring pins, is described as is a new device for vessel expansion. To evaluate the technique of end-to-side anastomosis, we detached the left renal artery in 18 rabbits and then reanastomosed them end-to-side to the aorta using the UNILINK anastomotic system. Renal blood flow was evaluated before and after anastomoses with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Animals were separated into three groups of 6 and were killed at 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 16 weeks, respectively. To evaluate the acute effects of vessel expansion, 7 additional rabbits underwent expansion of the aorta without subsequent anastomosis. All vessels were evaluated with light and scanning electron microscopy. A patency rate of 100% was achieved in the 18 animals; histological changes at the anastomotic site were comparable to those described previously for this mechanical anastomotic system. The animal model demonstrates that it is both technically possible and efficacious to perform end-to-side anastomoses of arteries with the UNILINK anastomotic system.