gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Turbine and Combustor Development for Coal-Based Oxy-Syngas Systems (2006)

Coal combustion technology is required that is capable of: (1) co-producing electricity and hydrogen from coal while; (2) achieving high efficiency, low capital cost, low operating cost, and near-zero atmospheric emissions; and (3) producing a sequestration-ready carbon dioxide stream. Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) and Siemens Power Generation, Inc., are developing this technology that would lead to a 300 to 600 MW, design for a zero emissions coal syngas plant, targeted for the year 2015, CES and Siemens received awards on September 30, 2005 from the U.S. Department of Energy’s; Office of Fossil Energy Turbine Technology R&D Program. These awards are designed to advance turbines and turbine subsystems for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. Studies have shown [1–4] that replacing air with nearly pure oxygen and steam in a turbine’s combustion chamber is a promising approach to designing coal based power plants with high efficiency and near-zero emissions. Siemens will combine current steam and gas turbine technologies to design an optimized turbine that uses oxygen with coal derived hydrogen fuels in the combustion process under a DOE Turbine Development Project [5]. CES will develop and demonstrate a new combustor technology powered by coal syngas and oxygen under a DOE Combustor Development Project [6]. The proposed programs build upon twelve years of prior technical work and government-sponsored research to develop and demonstrate zero-emission fossil fuel power generation. The planned system studies build upon previous work conducted by private, public, and foreign organizations, including CES [7–9], DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) [10–12], Air Liquide (AL) [1,13], Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [2], Fern Engineering, Inc. [14], and Japanese investigators [15, 16]. Other pertinent data related to coal gasification, advanced air separation unit (ASU), plant integration and plant systems optimization, etc., can be found in references [17–23].
A 550-ps access 900-MHz 1-Mb ECL-CMOS SRAM (2000)

An ultrahigh-speed 1-Mb emitter-coupled logic (ECL)-CMOS SRAM with 550-ps clock-access time, 900-MHz operating frequency, and 12-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ memory cells has been developed using 0.2-/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. Three key techniques for achieving the ultrahigh speed are a BiCMOS word decoder/driver with an nMOS level-shift circuit, a sense amplifier with a voltage-clamp circuit, and a BiCMOS write circuit with a variable-impedance bitline load. The proposed word decoder/driver and sense amplifier can reduce the delay times of the circuits to 54% and 53% of those of conventional circuits. The BiCMOS write circuit can reduce the power dissipation of the circuit by 74% without sacrificing writing speed. These techniques are especially useful for realizing ultrahigh-spaced high-density SRAMs, which will be used as cache and control memories in mainframe computers.
Sub‐acute changes in lesion conspicuity and geometry following MR‐guided radiofrequency ablation (2003)

1) There are no significant differences between the apparent zone boundaries in T(2)- and CE T(1)-weighted images; 2) CNR is equal or greater for T(2)-weighted images as compared to CE T(1)-images; and 3) both the inner and outer lesion zone volumes typically increase several days post-ablation.
Demonstration of Flow and Platelet Dependency in a Ferric Chloride-Induced Model of Thrombosis (1999)

Further to characterize the processes involved in the FeCl3-induced thrombosis model, we determined the effect of aspirin, heparin, hirudin, trans-4-(aminomethyl) cyclohexane carboxylic acid (AMCHA), thrombocytopenia, and flow modifications on time to occlusion (TTO) and thrombus weight (TW) in the rat carotid artery. Aspirin, from 3 to 100 mg/kg, showed no dose-response relation for either TTO or TW and did not significantly affect ex vivo platelet aggregation. Heparin, at doses that significantly increased the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), dose-dependently increased the TTO of animals that showed an occlusion during the monitoring period and also reduced the TW. Hirudin required constant infusion to prevent occlusion and reduce the TW, when the APTT was also significantly increased. AMCHA did not affect the TW but reduced the TTO. Animals made thrombocytopenic by the use of antiplatelet serum did not occlude during the monitoring period, and the TW was significantly reduced. Changes in flow showed that the TTO was not affected, but the TW showed an inverse correlation with average flow. The results obtained for platelet depletion and flow modifications expand on previous findings with this model and support the physiological relevance of the model.
Complex quinuclidines 1 azabicyclo 2.2.2 octanes from sugars synthesis of 1 alpha 3 alpha 4 alpha 5 alpha quinuclidine 3 5 diol from d glucose (1989)

The synthesis of (1α,3α,4α,5α)-quinuclidine-3,5- diol from D-glucose by two alternative ring closures is described.
Contour‐based Interface for Refining Volume Segmentation (2010)

Abstract Medical volume images contain ambiguous and low‐contrast boundaries around which existing fully‐ or semiautomatic segmentation algorithms often cause errors. In this paper, we propose a novel system for intuitively and efficiently refining medical volume segmentation by modifying multiple curved contours. Starting with segmentation data obtained using any existing algorithm, the user places a three‐dimensional curved cross‐section and contours of the foreground region by drawing a cut stroke, and then modifies the contours referring to the cross‐section. The modified contours are used as constraints for deforming a boundary surface that envelops the foreground region, and the region is updated by that deformed boundary. Our surface deformation algorithm seamlessly integrates detail‐preserving and curvature‐diffusing methods to keep important detail boundary features intact while obtaining smooth surfaces around unimportant boundary regions. Our system supports topological manipulations as well as contour shape modifications. We illustrate the feasibility of our system by providing examples of its application to the extraction of bones, muscles, kidneys with blood vessels, and bowels.
A study of clock and data recovery with composite structure of oversampling and gated oscillator for 10Gbit/s subscriber network (2009)

A composite clock and data recovery circuit based on oversampling and a gated oscillator is proposed. The reduction in the number of multi-phase clocks to be integrated in current silicon technology is discussed. The tolerance to pulse-width variation in a data packet is predicted numerically for an application to 10Gbit/s-based subscriber networks.
ECG/VCG Rhythm Diagnosis Using Statistical Signal Analysis-II. Identification of Transient Rhythms (1978)

The problem of detection and identification of cardiac transient rhythms, using the associated R-R interval sequence, is studied. A generalized likelihood ratio technique is proposed, in which the transient rhythm category is identified by means of a maximum-likelihood hypothesis test. Simultaneously, the magnitude of the change in the R-R interval pattern is estimated. The method is easily mechanized on-line using a moving window of data and prestored gains. Experimental results using actual data are presented to indicate the utility of the method.
Insulin-Dependent Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Impaired by O-Linked Glycosylation Modification of Signaling Proteins in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells (2002)

Our data show that hyperglycemia, through the hexosamine pathway, impairs activation of the IR/IRS/PI3-K/Akt pathway, resulting in deregulation of eNOS activity.
The stiffness of a crosslinked hyaluronan hydrogel affects its chondro‐induction activity on hADSCs (2017)

Matrix stiffness plays an important role in stem cell differentiation. This study reports the synthesis of methacrylated hyaluronan (MeHA) with different degrees of methacrylation, ranging from 15 to 140% per disaccharide unit, which corresponds to a matrix stiffness ranging from 1.5 to 8 KPa. The swelling ratio was inversely proportional to the matrix stiffness, but the water content remained constant at >97% of the hydrogel mass. A fibril-like surface morphology and larger pore size were observed in lyophilized MeHA hydrogel with a lower stiffness. The matrix stiffness also affected the degradability of the MeHA hydrogel, where softer MeHA hydrogels (MeHA<sub>15</sub> and MeHA<sub>30</sub> ) were completely degraded within 6 days and a stiffer MeHA hydrogel (MeHA<sub>140</sub> ) was able to retain ∼25% of its initial mass after 30 days. Subsequently, the crosslinked MeHA hydrogel was used as a scaffold to encapsulate human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). The embedded cells remained viable and expressed ∼11-fold higher levels of aggrecan and 42-fold higher levels of collagen type II in MeHA<sub>140</sub> compared with ADSCs cultured in HA-coated wells. In addition, cells grown in MeHA<sub>140</sub> exhibited the highest rates of glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II synthesis of ∼5 ng/DNA and 0.4 ng/DNA, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining showed an increase of collagen type II synthesis in MeHA<sub>65</sub> , MeHA<sub>85</sub> and MeHA<sub>140</sub> . This study showed that the matrix stiffness of a hydrogel can be modulated by the degree of methacrylation, thus affecting the efficacy of chondrogenesis in hADSCs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 808-816, 2018.
Nonlinear Preference and Utility Theory. (1989)

Journal Article Nonlinear Preference and Utility Theory Get access Nonlinear Preference and Utility Theory. By C. FISHBURN PETER. (Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1988. Pp. ix + 259. £29.95 hardback. ISBN 0 7450 0546 2.) Robert Sugden Robert Sugden University of East Anglia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 99, Issue 398, 1 December 1989, Pages 1191–1192, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234100 Published: 01 December 1989
Synthese von Glycerylätherphosphatiden 1. Mitteilung Herstellung von 1‐<i>O</i>‐Octadecyl‐2‐<i>O</i>‐acetyl‐sn‐glyceryl‐3‐phosphorylcholin<sup>1</sup> (‘Platelet Activating Factor’), des Enantiomeren sowie einiger analoger Verbindungen (1982)

Synthesis of Glyceryletherphosphatides, 1st Communication, Preparation of 1‐ O ‐Octadecyl‐2‐ O ‐acetyl‐sn‐glyceryl‐3‐phosphorylcholine (‘Platelet Activating Factor’), of its Enantiomer and of Some Analogous Compounds Several synthetic sequences for the preparation of ‘Platelet Activating Factor’ ( 1a ), for the corresponding enantiomeric compound ( 1′a ) as well as for the ‘ Lyso ‐compounds’ ( 1b and 1′b ) are described. The use of glycerolacetonide 2′a (from D‐Mannitol) for the preparation of 1′a and la is presented together with the synthesis of some analogues of 1′a and 1a . Structural assignment and optical purity of the compounds prepared are confirmed.
Evaluation of RAD1901, a novel investigational, selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), for the treatment of ER-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer. (2017)

1014 Background: The treatment of advanced ER+ breast cancer remains a clinical challenge with the majority of patients eventually progressing due to resistance to endocrine therapy. RAD1901 is a novel, nonsteroidal, oral SERD that has demonstrated dose dependent degradation of ER, and ER regulated genes in preclinical studies. In multiple in vivo patient derived xenograft models of breast cancer, including those harboring ESR1 mutations, RAD1901 demonstrated significant antitumor activity. Methods: In a phase-1 Study RAD1901-005 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02338349), patients with advanced ER+ breast cancer were enrolled in dose escalation cohorts, followed by a safety expansion cohort. Key inclusion criteria include postmenopausal women aged 18 years or older, with advanced ER+, HER2- breast cancer, who have received ≤ 2 prior chemotherapy regimens in the metastatic setting and > 6 months of prior endocrine therapy. ESR1 mutation status was determined from circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on RECIST v1.1 criteria. Results: As of January 25, 2017, total of 39 patients were enrolled at the 400 mg qd dose. Patients were heavily pre-treated (median lines of prior therapy = 3), with 38% and 41% having previously received fulvestrant and palbociclib/CDK4/6 inhibitor, respectively. RAD1901 was generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse events being low grade nausea (Grade 3/4 = 0%) and dyspepsia (Grade 3/4 = 0%). ESR1 mutations, including D538G, Y537S/N/C, L536H/P/R, S436P and E380Q, were detected at baseline in 44% of patients and dynamic changes in the allele frequency of ESR1 mutations were observed in response to treatment. Confirmed partial responses were observed in patients with ESR1 mutations, and those who had previously received fulvestrant and palbociclib. Conclusions: RAD1901 has demonstrated evidence of single agent activity, with confirmed partial responses in heavily pre-treated patients with advanced ER+ breast cancer, including those with ESR1 mutations, warranting additional clinical development. Clinical trial information: NCT02338349.
Combining interferometric radar and laser altimeter data to improve estimates of topography (2002)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) has been used to map terrain topography; however, accuracy is limited because observations are not measurements of true surface topography over vegetated areas. Instead, the measurements, which depend on the sensor and the vegetation, represent some height above the true surface. The authors solve an inverse problem for INSAR scattering to determine surface and vegetation elevations, and then incorporate sparse laser altimeter observations to improve the estimates of surface and vegetation elevations.
A Scalable Durable Grid Event Service (2001)

It is interesting to study the system and software architecture of environments, which integrate the evolving ideas of computational grids, distributed objects, web services, peer-to-peer networks and message oriented middleware. Such peer-to-peer (P2P) Grids should seamlessly integrate users to themselves and to resources, which are also linked to each other. We can abstract such environments as a distributed system of &quot;clients&quot; which consist either of &quot;users&quot; or &quot;resources&quot; or proxies thereto. These clients must be linked together in a flexible fault tolerant efficient high performance fashion. In this paper, we study the messaging or event system -- termed GES or the Grid Event Service -- that is appropriate to link the clients (both users and resources of course) together. For our purposes (registering, transporting and discovering information), events are just messages -- typically with time stamps. The messaging system GES must scale over a wide variety of devices -- from hand held computers at one end to high performance computers and sensors at the other extreme. We have analyzed the requirements of several Grid services that could be built with this model, including computing and education and incorporated constraints of collaboration with a shared event model.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors and Prognosis in Breast Cancer (1990)

"Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors and Prognosis in Breast Cancer." Cancer Investigation, 8(2), pp. 251–252
Dilemma of keeping older drivers safe (2012)

Acquisition of a driving licence is a gateway to independence. Driving, whether for work or pleasure, is commonly seen as an essential part of life and a large section of society would claim to be dependent on their cars.
High-aspect-ratio nanoimprint process chains (2017)

Different methods capable of developing complex structures and building elements with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures combined with microstructures, which are of interest in nanophotonics, are presented. As originals for subsequent replication steps, two families of masters were developed: (i) 3.2 μm deep, 180 nm wide trenches were fabricated by silicon cryo-etching and (ii) 9.8 μm high, 350 nm wide ridges were fabricated using 2-photon polymerization direct laser writing. Both emerging technologies enable the vertical smooth sidewalls needed for a successful imprint into thin layers of polymers with aspect ratios exceeding 15. Nanoridges with high aspect ratios of up to 28 and no residual layer were produced in Ormocers using the micromoulding into capillaries (MIMIC) process with subsequent ultraviolet-curing. This work presents and balances the different fabrication routes and the subsequent generation of working tools from masters with inverted tones and the combination of hard and soft materials. This provides these techniques with a proof of concept for their compatibility with high volume manufacturing of complex micro- and nanostructures.
Diagnostic value of cytology of voided urine. (1985)

Cytologic examination of the sediment of voided urine is the only noninvasive method of detection, diagnosis and follow-up of tumors of the bladder and other anatomic components of the lower urinary tract. In order to assess the value of cytology of voided urine, we analyzed the diagnostic yield in 203 episodes, each composed of three sediments of voided urine obtained on consecutive days. For each one of these episodes, histologic material was available and was reviewed. Of special interest were 181 instances of primary or recurrent bladder tumors; in 37 of these patients, random biopsies of the bladder were also available for review. The concept of intraurothelial neoplasia (IUN), graded I, II or III, was introduced to describe degrees of atypia in flat urothelium, with IUN grade III corresponding to nonpapillary carcinoma in situ. The results documented that cytology of voided urine is highly reliable in the diagnosis of high-grade tumors, with a sensitivity of 94.2%. In primary flat carcinoma in situ (IUN III), the sensitivity was 100%. The method failed in the recognition of grade I papillary tumors and in about one-third of grade II tumors. There were no false-positive results in this study. In the 151 positive cases, the cytologic diagnosis was established on the first specimen in 79%, on the second specimen in an additional 14% and on the third specimen in 7% of cases. These results justify the use of three consecutive daily urine specimens for optimal diagnostic results. There is a remarkable similarity between the presence of cancer cells in voided urine and the DNA ploidy of bladder tumors, as established by Tribukait. The observations reported herein suggest that positive urine cytologies may correspond to aneuploid tumors and hence be not only of diagnostic but also of prognostic value. A direct proof of this hypothesis is under investigation; the results of this study justify the need for a field trial of an automated image analysis diagnostic system that was developed in this department.
The Effect of Mean and Differential Attenuation on the Precision and Accuracy of the Estimates of Reflectivity and Differential Reflectivity (2003)

Error propagation analysis is applied to evaluate the effects of correcting horizontal and differential attenuation on the precision of the estimates of reflectivity and differential reflectivity. The analysis shows that the loss of precision on reflectivity and differential reflectivity is of the same order of magnitude as the propagation power losses added, notwithstanding how horizontal and differential attenuation are accounted for. Polarimetric weather radar simultaneously transmitting and receiving horizontally and vertically polarized waves is then considered. Differential propagation phase is used as the predictor variable for attenuation. Calculations for three microwave frequencies corresponding to S, C, and X bands show that the losses in accuracy and in precision of the estimates of reflectivity are about 16 and 68 times worse at C and X bands, respectively, than at S band. The corresponding values for the estimates of differential reflectivity are about 20 and 52 times worse.
Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube networks by molecular mechanics and impact molecular dynamics calculations (2007)

We report a theoretical investigation of the mechanical properties of idealized networks formed by single-walled carbon nanotubes showing crossbar and hexagonal architectures. The study was performed by using molecular mechanics calculations and impact dynamics simulations based on bond-order empirical potential. The studied networks were predicted to have elasticity modulus of $\ensuremath{\sim}10--100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ and bulk modulus of $\ensuremath{\sim}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. The results show a transition from high to moderate flexibility during the deformation stages. This behavior was associated with the existence of two deformation mechanisms presented by the network related to the nanotube stretching and junction bending processes.
Thermal Stability of siRNA Modulates Aptamer- conjugated siRNA Inhibition (2012)

Oligonucleotide aptamer-mediated in vivo cell targeting of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is emerging as a useful approach to enhance the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects resulting from siRNA-mediated genetic interference. A current main impediment in aptamer-mediated siRNA targeting is that the activity of the siRNA is often compromised when conjugated to an aptamer, often requiring labor intensive and time consuming design and testing of multiple configurations to identify a conjugate in which the siRNA activity has not been significantly reduced. Here, we show that the thermal stability of the siRNA is an important parameter of siRNA activity in its conjugated form, and that siRNAs with lower melting temperature (Tm) are not or are minimally affected when conjugated to the 3′ end of 2′F-pyrimidine-modified aptamers. In addition, the configuration of the aptamer-siRNA conjugate retains activity comparable with the free siRNA duplex when the passenger strand is co-transcribed with the aptamer and 3′ overhangs on the passenger strand are removed. The approach described in this paper significantly reduces the time and effort necessary to screening siRNA sequences that retain biological activity upon aptamer conjugation, facilitating the process of identifying candidate aptamer-siRNA conjugates suitable for in vivo testing. Oligonucleotide aptamer-mediated in vivo cell targeting of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is emerging as a useful approach to enhance the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects resulting from siRNA-mediated genetic interference. A current main impediment in aptamer-mediated siRNA targeting is that the activity of the siRNA is often compromised when conjugated to an aptamer, often requiring labor intensive and time consuming design and testing of multiple configurations to identify a conjugate in which the siRNA activity has not been significantly reduced. Here, we show that the thermal stability of the siRNA is an important parameter of siRNA activity in its conjugated form, and that siRNAs with lower melting temperature (Tm) are not or are minimally affected when conjugated to the 3′ end of 2′F-pyrimidine-modified aptamers. In addition, the configuration of the aptamer-siRNA conjugate retains activity comparable with the free siRNA duplex when the passenger strand is co-transcribed with the aptamer and 3′ overhangs on the passenger strand are removed. The approach described in this paper significantly reduces the time and effort necessary to screening siRNA sequences that retain biological activity upon aptamer conjugation, facilitating the process of identifying candidate aptamer-siRNA conjugates suitable for in vivo testing.