gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Password Strength Prediction Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques (2009)

Passwords are a vital component of system security. Though there are many alternatives to passwords for access control, password is the more compellingly authenticating the identity in many applications. They provide a simple, direct means of protecting a system and they represent the identity of an individual for a system. The big vulnerability of passwords lies in their nature. Users are consistently told that a strong password is essential these days to protect private data as there are so many ways for an unauthorized person with little technical knowledge or skill to learn the passwords of legitimate users. Thus it is important for organizations to recognize the vulnerabilities to which passwords are subjected, and develop strong policies governing the creation and use of passwords to ensure that those vulnerabilities are not exploited. In this work password strength prediction is modeled as classification task and supervised machine learning techniques were employed. Widely used supervised machine learning techniques namely C 4.5 decision tree classifier, multilayer perceptron, naive Bayes classifier and support vector machine were used for learning the model. The results of the models were compared and observed that SVM performs well. The results of the models were also compared with the existing password strength checking tools. The findings show that machine learning approach has substantial capability to classify the extreme cases - Strong and weak passwords.
Licofelone, a dual COX/5-LOX inhibitor, induces apoptosis in HCA-7 colon cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway independently from its ability to affect the arachidonic acid cascade (2007)

Nowadays, no data are available concerning the potential use of dual cyclooxygenase (COX)/5-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors as anticancer agents in colon cancer treatment. Here, we report, for the first time, that the dual COX/5-LOX inhibitor licofelone triggers apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HCA-7 colon cancer cells. Induction of apoptosis was related to the recruitment of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as shown by loss in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, caspase-9 and 3 activation and poly-(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 cleavage. Moreover, licofelone induced the cleavage of the full-length p21(Bax) into p18(Bax), a more potent inducer of the apoptotic process than the uncleaved form. Pre-treatment of HCA-7 cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly blocked licofelone-induced apoptosis, confirming that this process occurred primarily in a caspase-dependent pathway. We also present evidences that licofelone was able to affect the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade, as it blocked the activity of 5-LOX and COX enzymes, and it induced, through the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), the release of unesterified AA from HCA-7 membrane phospholipids. However, apoptosis induction was not related to the ability of licofelone to affect the AA cascade, since neither exogenous prostaglandin E(2) and leukotriene B(4) addition, nor pharmacological inhibition of cPLA(2), was able to rescue HCA-7 cells from apoptosis. Even if further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of licofelone-induced apoptosis, this study suggests that this drug, as well as similar dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors, may represent a novel and promising approach in colon cancer treatment.
Modulation of Hypothalamic-pituitary-Adrenal Axis Parameters by Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptide (TCAP)-1 (2012)

Teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) are a family of bioactive peptides found on the terminal exon of the four teneurin genes. TCAP-1 is found within brain regions that modulate the activity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which is the principal neuropeptide regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. TCAP-1 has suppressive effects on CRF-induced anxiety behaviours in rats. However, previous studies determined that TCAP-1 does not act directly on the CRF receptors (CRFR). Thus, I postulate that TCAP-1 may act centrally to modify elements of the HPA axis. Using an immortalized mouse hippocampal cell line, I tested the hypothesis that TCAP acts either downstream of CRFR activation, or on the regulation of the glucocorticoid receptors (GCR), which modulate CRF actions. These studies indicate that TCAP-1 represents a novel peptide in the regulation of stress related systems, which acts independently of either CRF-, or glucocorticoid- mediated signal transduction and transcription.
Secure and privacy-preserving data services in the cloud (2012)

Cloud computing becomes a successful paradigm for data computing and storage. Increasing concerns about data security and privacy in the cloud, however, have emerged. Ensuring security and privacy for data management and query processing in the cloud is critical for better and broader uses of the cloud. This tutorial covers some common cloud security and privacy threats and the relevant research, while focusing on the works that protect data confidentiality and query access privacy for sensitive data being stored and queried in the cloud. We provide a comprehensive study of state-of-the-art schemes and techniques for protecting data confidentiality and access privacy, which make different tradeoffs in the multidimensional space of security, privacy, functionality and performance.
Structure and Mobility in Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends Investigated by <sup>13</sup>C Solid-State NMR (1997)

Solid-state 13C CP/MAS/DD NMR measurements have been carried out at 300 K on melt-mixed blends of poly(ethylene oxide)/atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO/a-PMMA) in the concentration range 10/90 to 75/25. Several relaxation times for protons and carbons, i.e. relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ(1H) and T1ρ(13C)) and in the laboratory frame (T1(1H) and T1(13C)), have been studied. From the carbon relaxations, we conclude that mixing is intimate enough to cause a reduction in local chain mobility for amorphous PEO. Although intermolecular spin diffusion contributes to the proton relaxations in accordance with homogeneity, T1(1H) and T1ρ(1H) data show signs of incomplete averaging. The proton relaxation behavior indicates the existence of heterogeneous domains with shortest dimensions in the nanometer range, which is further supported by the carbon relaxation decays and equilibrium 13C MAS/DD spectra.
bcl-2 proto-oncogene expression during human T cell development. Evidence for biphasic regulation. (1993)

To ensure that the mature T cell repertoire is MHC-restricted yet not autoreactive, cortical thymocytes that express low levels of the TCR/CD3 complex along with CD4 and CD8 (double positive cells) are subjected to positive and negative selection. Surviving cells lose either CD4 or CD8 (single positive cells) and are located primarily in the thymic medulla. bcl-2, a novel proto-oncogene that promotes cell survival by inhibiting programmed cell death (apoptosis), may be an important protein in regulating cell survival during thymocyte development. We have examined the expression of bcl-2 during T cell development by using human thymocytes. Consistent with previous studies, human thymic tissue sections stained for bcl-2 revealed occasional bcl-2+ cells within the thymic cortex and intense staining of virtually all medullary thymocytes. More quantitative western blot analysis and S1 nuclease protection assay revealed that single positive thymocytes contained approximately 2 to 3 times the level of bcl-2 protein and 3 to 4 times the level of bcl-2 mRNA as double positive thymocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of purified double positive thymocytes revealed that minimal amounts of bcl-2 protein was in fact detectable in most cells, although a small subpopulation (10-20%) contained higher levels. In contrast, brighter staining for bcl-2 was observed in virtually all single positive thymocytes. Surprisingly, CD4-CD8- thymocytes (both CD3- and CD3+) expressed the same amount of bcl-2 as did the single positive thymocytes. Because a large percentage of CD3-CD4-CD8- cells are cycling, we examined the effect of mitogenic stimulation on bcl-2 expression by double positive thymocytes by using western blot analysis. bcl-2 expression in double positive thymocytes could not be induced by cell cycle entry following stimulation with PMA and ionomycin. Our data demonstrate that bcl-2 expression is biphasic during T cell development. Both CD3-CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ thymocytes express high levels of bcl-2. Therefore, diminished bcl-2 expression in double positive thymocytes seems to be the result of specific down-regulation in order to facilitate the selection CD4+CD8+ thymocytes.
On the Transient Response of a Complementary (npn <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$+$</tex></formula> pnp) SiGe HBT BiCMOS Technology (2014)

The single-event transient (SET) response of a third-generation bulk C-SiGe ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {npn}} + {\hbox {pnp}}$</tex></formula> ) BiCMOS platform is investigated for the first time. Pulsed-laser, two-photon absorption experiments show that the pnp SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) exhibits a significant reduction in sensitive area as well as an improved transient response compared with the npn SiGe HBT. Ion-strike simulations on 3-D TCAD, C-SiGe HBT models agree with experimental findings, showing a reduction in overall transient duration and collected charge for the pnp SiGe HBT. These improvements in device-level SETs are attributed to the n-well isolation layer present in the vertical material stack of the pnp HBT. These results suggest that precision analog, RF/mm-wave, and high-speed digital applications utilizing unhardened, high-performance bulk pnp SiGe HBTs should benefit from an inherently improved SEE response.
Efficient Anchoring of Silver Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Getting on the tube: A single-step method to attach silver nanoparticles on the surfaces of nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes is described (as depicted in the picture). Ag nanoparticles (2–10 nm diameter) are synthesized by reduction of a Ag salt, and then mixed with the nanotubes in a technique that does not require acid treatment. Similar methods with undoped nanotubes yield less well-coated nanotubes. Interactions with solvent species are believed to play a role in the decoration mechanism.
Therapeutic activities of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and -thymine alone and in combination with acyclovir and vidarabine in mice infected intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus (1983)

The therapeutic effectiveness of two new antiviral agents, 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine, was compared with that of acyclovir and vidarabine. In mice inoculated intracerebrally with high 50% lethal doses of herpes simplex virus type 2, nontoxic intraperitoneal or oral treatments with the two new fluorinated antiviral agents were highly effective in reducing mortality. The two drugs were also effective when treatment was begun as late as 48 h after virus inoculation. The relative order of potencies of the drugs when compared on a molar basis or in terms of therapeutic index was 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine much greater than 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine greater than vidarabine approximately to acyclovir. The new pyrimidine analogs were also found to lack immunosuppressive activity in mice. The combination of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-=D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and vidarabine was the most effective; significantly greater reduction in mortality was achieved with this combination than with either drug alone. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal treatment with the fluorinated analogs, the drugs (or their metabolites) were transported to the brains of virus-inoculated and normal mice at levels about one-third to two thirds those in the blood. The levels of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine in the blood or brain were consistently higher than those found with equivalent intraperitoneal doses of the 5-iodocytosine analog.
Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases adenylate cyclase activity in murine peritoneal macrophages. (1989)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotrophic cytokine which stimulates the function and proliferation of macrophage populations. Although the effects of GM-CSF are diverse and GM-CSF has entered into clinical trials, relatively little is known about signal transduction pathways utilized by GM-CSF. In view of previous studies which have suggested that some of the effects of GM-CSF on monocyte-macrophages can be mimicked by agents which increase intracellular cAMP, we investigated the effect of rGM-CSF on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in murine peritoneal macrophages. Adenylate cyclase activity was quantitated in macrophage membrane preparations and in intact cells. In seven separate experiments, GM-CSF (50 U/ml) increased AC activity by 61(6)% relative to macrophages treated with carrier medium alone. A dose-dependent increase in AC activity was observed (10 to 100 U/ml) which peaked within 1 to 5 min after the addition of GM-CSF and returned to basal levels by 10 to 20 min. Lineweaver-Burk analysis revealed that the Vmax of macrophage AC was increased from 0.40 to 0.52 pmoles cAMP/min by GM-CSF but the Km was unchanged. Intracellular cAMP was increased by GM-CSF to 129(27)% of control values by 1 min of treatment (n = 6). Under similar experimental conditions, GM-CSF did not increase the activity of PK C (n = 14) or phospholipase A2 (n = 3) in peritoneal macrophages. These data show that macrophage adenylate cyclase activity is rapidly stimulated by GM-CSF. Moreover, these findings support further study of the role of cAMP in transmitting the intracellular signals initiated by GM-CSF in tissue macrophages.
Marketing (1985)

Although in some research establishments the concept of marketing input and involvement may not be a popular notion, good marketing technique is essential to the full and successful exploitation of any product, including pharmaceuticals. Conversely it is probably true to say that not even the best marketing function can ‘make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear’. A commercial success, on a sustained basis at any rate, cannot be achieved with a medicine offering little in the way of benefit, no matter how intense are the efforts of a very professional and competent marketing department.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROGENIC TUMOR ORIGIN IN NECK (2002)

手術により摘出し起源神経を同定し得た頸部神経原性腫瘍6症例, および文献的に評価可能であった23例でCT, MRI画像を比較し, 起源神経と頸部大血管との特徴的位置関係について検討を行った。発生部位は, 副咽頭間隙を含む上深頸部が22例, 中, 下深頸部が7例であった。また, 迷走神経由来が15例, 交感神経幹由来が11例, 舌下神経由来が3例であった。良性の頸部神経原性腫瘍では腫瘤以外の症状に乏しく, 摘出後神経脱落症状を示すことから術前の起源神経の同定が, 術後機能あるいはインフォームドコンセントの点で問題となる。迷走神経起源は内頸静脈と総頸あるいは内頸動脈との離開が腫瘍を中心として90°以上あり, 交感神経幹起源腫瘍ではこれらの動静脈間は90°未満の離開で動静脈は前外方に偏位していた。舌下神経起源腫瘍は動静脈間に離開なくこれらを後方に圧排していた。起源神経により画像上特徴的な所見を有し, 術前の鑑別診断に有用と考えられた。
Comparing the performance of forced aligners used in sociophonetic research (2020)

Abstract Forced aligners have revolutionized sociophonetics, but while there are several forced aligners available, there are few systematic comparisons of their performance. Here, we consider four major forced aligners used in sociophonetics today: MAUS, FAVE, LaBB-CAT and MFA. Through comparisons with human coders, we find that both aligner and phonological context affect the quality of automated alignments of vowels extracted from English sociolinguistic interview data. MFA and LaBB-CAT produce the highest quality alignments, in some cases not significantly different from human alignment, followed by FAVE, and then MAUS. Aligners are less accurate placing boundaries following a vowel than preceding it, and they vary in accuracy across manner of articulation, particularly for following boundaries. These observations allow us to make specific recommendations for manual correction of forced alignment.
Voice Enabled Interface for Interactive Tour-Guide Robots (2002)

This paper considers design methodologies in order to develop voice-enabled interfaces for tour-guide robots to be deployed at the Robotics Exposition of the Swiss National Exhibition (Expo.02). Human-robot voice communication presents new challenges for the design of fully autonomous mobile robots, in that interactivity must be robot-initiated in conversation and within a dynamic adverse environment. We approached these general problems for a voice enabled interface, tailored to limited computational resources of one on-board processor, when integrating smart speech signal acquisition, automatic speech recognition and synthesis, as well as dialogue system into the multi-modal, multisensor interface for the Expo tour-guide robot. We also focus on particular issues that need to be addressed in voice-based interaction when planning specific tasks and research experiments for Expo.02 where tour-guide robots will interact with hundred of thousands of visitors for six months, seven days a week, ten hours per day.
Development and characterization of a nano-scale temperature sensor (T-NSTAP) for turbulent temperature measurements (2015)

A new nano-scale temperature sensor (T-NSTAP) is presented. The T-NSTAP is a sub-miniature, free-standing, platinum wire suspended between silicon supports, designed for temperature measurements at high frequencies. The new sensor is designed to have a bandwidth far superior to that of conventional cold-wires, which in combination with its small size, minimizes the effect of temporal and spatial filtering on the data. Unfiltered data allows for unique investigations of the scalar turbulence, including the dissipation range. Temperature measurements were conducted with the T-NSTAP in a heated grid-turbulence setup, with constant mean temperature gradient, and compared to data acquired with a conventional cold-wire. It is shown that the cold-wire signal is significantly attenuated over a broad range of frequencies, including lower frequencies. The attenuation has a direct and substantial effect on the measured variances and the estimated scalar rate of dissipation. The observed differences between the conventional cold-wire and the T-NSTAP are compared to what is predicted by a cold-wire model with convincing agreement over the entire spectrum. A close to perfect agreement between the two sensors is shown when the cold-wire data is corrected for end-conduction effects using the cold-wire model. In addition, a frequency content analysis of the probability density function of the temperature and its derivative is performed with direct comparison between the cold-wire and the T-NSTAP.
High-purity methyl acetate via reactive distillation (1990)

Description du developpement du procede commercial de Eastman Kodak pour la production d'acetate de methyle par distillation reactive a contrecourant
History of vaccination (2014)

Vaccines have a history that started late in the 18th century. From the late 19th century, vaccines could be developed in the laboratory. However, in the 20th century, it became possible to develop vaccines based on immunologic markers. In the 21st century, molecular biology permits vaccine development that was not possible before.
Variational Technique for Spacecraft Trajectory Planning (2010)

This paper describes a spacecraft trajectory planning algorithm based on the calculus of variations which can solve 6-degree-of-freedom spacecraft docking and proximity operations problems. The design of a cost functional which trades off fuel use, obstacle clearance distance, and arrival time is discussed. The nonlinear orbital dynamic equations are treated as dynamic constraints. The Euler-Lagrange equations for this functional are derived, as is the Pontryagin criteria for the optimal control input given realistic saturating on-off thrusters. The indirect collocation method is chosen to solve the attendant boundary-value problem for its lack of sensitivity to initial conditions; continuation is used to further improve the algorithm’s robustness. The manipulation of the Euler-Lagrange equations and the transversality condition into a form suitable for use with existing collocation codes is discussed. Results are shown for an end-to-end docking maneuver with a tumbling satellite.
Banking on Stone Money: Ancient Antecedents to Bitcoin (2019)

Centuries ago in western Micronesia, Yapese islanders sailed to the Palauan archipelago 250 miles away to carve their famous stone money disks (rai) from limestone and then transported them back for use as exchange valuables in various social transactions. While rai were not strictly currency, their value is similar to other traditional and modern objects where worth is arbitrarily based on both real and perceived attributes. Recently, corollaries have been made between rai and newly established electronic cryptocurrencies that use blockchain technology—essentially, digital ledgers that track financial transactions in real time across a computer network to ensure that they are seamless and incorruptible. In this study, we examine the sociophysical similarities and differences between stone money and cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain, both of which demand a unified and continuous chain of information to ensure that the value is known and ownership indisputable. This research suggests that stone money: (a) is an exemplary ancient analog to blockchain that used oral ledgers solidified through social networks to create accurate and unbroken lines of communication so that economic relationships involving rai could be established, maintained, exchanged, and rectified, and (b) may have been a progenitor that inspired the development of Bitcoin.
Mapping Protective Regions on a Three-Dimensional Model of the Moraxella catarrhalis Vaccine Antigen Oligopeptide Permease A (2017)

A vaccine against <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> would reduce tremendous morbidity, mortality, and financial burden by preventing otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Oligopeptide permease A (OppA) is a candidate vaccine antigen that is (i) a nutritional virulence factor expressed on the bacterial cell surface during infection, (ii) widely conserved among strains, (iii) highly immunogenic, and (iv) a protective antigen based on its capacity to induce protective responses in immunized animals. In the present study, we show that the antibodies to OppA following vaccination mediate accelerated clearance in animals after pulmonary challenge. To identify regions of OppA that bind protective antibodies, truncated constructs of OppA were engineered and studied to map regions of OppA with surface-accessible epitopes that bind high-avidity antibodies following vaccination. Protective epitopes were located in the N and C termini of the protein. Immunization of mice with constructs corresponding to these regions (T5 and T8) induced protective responses. Studies of overlapping peptide libraries of constructs T5 and T8 with OppA immune serum identified two discrete regions on each construct. These potentially protective regions were mapped on a three-dimensional computational model of OppA, where regions with solvent-accessible amino acids were identified as three potentially protective epitopes. In all, these studies revealed two regions with three specific epitopes in OppA that induce potentially protective antibody responses following vaccination. Detection of antibodies to these regions could serve to guide vaccine formulation and as a diagnostic tool for monitoring development of protective responses during clinical trials.