gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Objective speech distortion measures and their relevance to speech quality assessments (1989)

The paper presents a review of several commonly employed objective speech distortion measures and their relevance to subjective assessments of speech quality. Since many of the objective measures described in the paper have been covered previously in other reviews, we have concentrated primarily on three aspects. First, the philosophy of progressively constructing objective distortion measures in order to incrementally improve their capability to predict subjective quality (typically done at the expense of computational complexity). Secondly, we have concentrated on the use of objective measures as complementary tools to subjective evaluations, and thirdly, on the methods for evaluating the relative performance of different objective measures.
Minimum Thermal Conductivity of Superlattices (2000)

The phonon thermal conductivity of a multilayer is calculated for transport perpendicular to the layers. There is a crossover between particle transport for thick layers to wave transport for thin layers. The calculations show that the conductivity has a minimum value for a layer thickness somewhat smaller then the mean free path of the phonons.
EAF technology evolution by continuous charging (2005)

AbstractRecent developments in electric arc furnace (EAF) based meltshop operation are reviewed, including the Consteel system which facilitates continuous scrap charging and preheating completed by hot metal charging. The benefits offered by these developments are quantified, backed by operational performance results from several facilities. The future will see increasing use of EAFs to produce high quality steels, often in innovative operational combinations alongside the blast furnace route.
Star formation in the cooling flows of M87/Virgo and NGC 1275/Perseus (1987)

X-ray observations indicate that M87/Virgo and NGC 1275/Perseus have cooling flows that are associated with accretion rates of 20-30 and 300-500 solar masses/year, respectively. An assessment is made as to whether star formation is necessarily occurring in these cooling flows by calculating constant mass-flux models for all reasonable parameter space. No constant-mass-flux models that are consistent with all of the relevant observations are found; hence, it is concluded that mass is dropping out of these cooling flows.
Experimental characterization of contact angle and surface energy on aramid fibers (2012)

In this paper, both contact angles and surface energy of aramid fibers are investigated using the liquid droplet method. First, the contact angles between matrix resin and aramid fibers are measured at different degrees of cure, which indicate that the contact angles increased initially and then decreased after the consolidation. Second, surface energy components of aramid fibers are determined from the contact angle using the geometric-mean equations. Finally, the influences of various surface treatments on the surface energy of aramid fibers are analyzed. These results play an important role for designing and evaluating the fiber/matrix interfacial strength of aramid fiber-reinforced composites.
Pavement Materials Property Databases for Pavement Management Applications (1995)

Pavement layer structure and layer material property data play a key role in the development of pavement performance models, pavement design and analysis procedures, diagnostic evaluation of premature pavement deterioration, and selection of cost-effective maintenance/rehabilitation alternatives. This paper describes system design considerations for the end user interface and analysis requirements related to pavement material property database management. Case studies of material database development and implementation include the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) studies of the Strategic Highway Research Program, network-level pavement management applications on the state level, and a recent United Nations highway maintenance management project. Reference is made to the steps taken to ensure quality assurance, database integrity, and database security. Relational data-base tools provide an excellent facility for system development that should consider a number of key identifiers. The most important property data are the historical material data of all layers at the time of construction. For pavement management applications, the scope and data categories are limited and dictated by the end users and economic considerations.
Using Particle Systems to Simulate Real-Time Fire (2005)

In computer graphics, particle systems are a collection of graphical objects or particles, often referred to as ”fuzzy objects”, that move around within a specified boundary based on a set of predefined rules governing the dynamics. Associated with each particle are attributes that affect its creation, dynamical behaviour, and expiration. Particle systems are the foremost technique used in modelling real-time fire in computer graphics. This work investigates the application of particle systems to the generation of fire. This work presents a detailed review of particle systems and the how such systems can be used to simulate fire. This will include a discussion on the sensitivities of attributes to type of effect generated for fire. This work will demonstrate that simpler computer models can be used to generate realistic visual effects. Such methods are of interest in the gaming community and other real-time applications.
Platelet associated IgG, platelet survival, and platelet sequestration in thrombocytopenic states (1982)

Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG), platelet mean life span (MLS), and platelet sequestration sites were studied in 69 patients with immune (ITP) and presumed nonimmune thrombocytopenias (NTP). A shortened MLS was associated with elevated PAIgG (N = 46), and with normal PAIgG (N = 15). Four patients had a normal MLS, but elevated PAIgG, four patients were normal for both parameters. The highest PAIgG values occurred in ITP patients with a very short MLS. Nine NTP patients had also elevated PAIgG, but a normal or slightly shortened MLS. There was a significant double log correlation between PAIgG and MLS for ITP, but not for NTP patients. Judged from the coefficient of determination, only 10% of PAIgG were directly related to a shortened MLS. 70% of patients (N = 63) had exclusively splenic and 30% hepatosplenic sequestration. PAIgG was elevated in 29/44 patients with splenic (66%) and in 16/19 patients with hepatosplenic sequestration (84%). In ITP, PAIgG-positive cases were observed in 69% of splenic v 82% of hepatosplenic sequestration, while in NTP the corresponding figures were 6/11 and 2/2. No significant correlation between PAIgG and either sequestration type was demonstrable. We conclude that in immunologically mediated thrombocytopenia only a small portion of PAIgG accounts for a decreased MLS, and that the concentration of PAIgG per se does not determine the platelet sequestration type.
A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Micromethod for the Simultaneous Determination of Vigabatrin and Gabapentin in Serum (1998)

A gradient high-performance liquid chromatography micromethod is described for the simultaneous quantitation of vigabatrin and gabapentin in human serum. Chromatography was performed using a 125- x 3-mm ID Hypersil BDS C-18 column with a 3-microm mini-bore, eluted with a gradient system comprised of phosphate buffer (pH 6.5)-acetonitrile-methanol-water at a flow rate of 0.45 ml/minute. The column eluent was monitored on a fluorescence detector using excitation and emission wavelengths of 340 and 440 nm, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation for vigabatrin and for gabapentin was 5 micromol/l, and the within-batch and between-batch coefficients of variation were <5%. No interference from commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine and its metabolite carbamazepine epoxide, oxcarbazepine and its metabolite 10-hydroxycarbazepine, ethosuximide, lamotrigine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone, and valproic acid) was observed; thus, the method can be used to monitor vigabatrin and gabapentin in patients on polytherapy antiepileptic drug regimens.
Multiple call establishment for multimedia services on the PSTN (2002)

This paper presents the concept of multiple call establishment through the PSTN for multimedia traffic. The idea is to use new techniques for toll-quality voice compression to allow several calls between the end-user terminal equipment and the PSTN using the same telephone number and on the same local loop. The requirements for a control channel to achieve this functionality are reviewed and the implications of the proposed service are discussed.
Down regulation of talin alters cell adhesion and the processing of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. (1995)

The role of talin was addressed by down regulating its expression using an antisense RNA strategy. HeLa cells were transfected with a talin 5' cDNA fragment under the control of the inducible human metallothionein promotor. Isolated clones displayed a decrease in talin level down to 10% of control. The reduction in talin expression dramatically slowed down the kinetics of cell spreading. Mock-transfected cells, spread out onto fibronectin, exhibited large peripheral adhesion plaques. In contrast, cells with reduced talin expression showed smaller focal contacts localized all over the ventral face, and displayed a marked decrease in the number of stress fibers. Immunoprecipitation experiments carried out with a polyclonal antibody on surface-labeled receptor indicated a shift in the mobility for both alpha 5 and beta 1 subunits. Surprisingly, beta 1 integrin chains could not be detected by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies in talin deficient clones. Western blot analysis indicated the presence of two forms of beta 1. We analyzed the processing of beta 1 in normal and talin deficient cells using pulse chase experiments. Normal cells required a minimum of 5 hours for the processing of mature beta 1, while the talin deficient AT22 clone showed that the beta 1 precursor was slowly converted into a very low molecular mass product. Our data demonstrate that talin plays a central role in the establishment of cell-matrix contacts. In addition, down regulation of talin impairs the folding and processing of beta 1 integrins.
Submodular subset selection for large-scale speech training data (2014)

We address the problem of subselecting a large set of acoustic data to train automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. To this end, we apply a novel data selection technique based on constrained submodular function maximization. Though NP-hard, the combinatorial optimization problem can be approximately solved by a simple and scalable greedy algorithm with constant-factor guarantees. We evaluate our approach by subselecting data from 1300 hours of conversational English telephone data to train two types large-vocabulary speech recognizers, one with Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based acoustic models, and another based on deep neural networks (DNNs). We show that training data can be reduced significantly, and that our technique outperforms both random selection and a previously proposed selection method utilizing comparable resources. Notably, using the submodular selection method, the DNN system using only about 5% of the training data is able to achieve performance on par with the GMM system using 100% of the training data - with the baseline subset selection methods, however, the DNN system is unable to accomplish this correspondence.
Effects of tooth loss on functional impairment in elderly: A secondary data analysis of elderly cohort in the South Korea (2021)

These findings suggest that the oral health status is essential for maintaining physical and cognitive functions and that oral health services can be effective in delaying functional impairment among the elderly residing in coordinated long-term care facilities.
The Importance of Prolactin and the Milking Stimulus in the Artificial Induction of Lactation in Cows (1978)

Lactations were successfully induced in 15 out of 18 non-pregnant cows treated with oestradiol-17beta (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and progesterone (0.25 mg/kg body weight) on days 1-7 (where day 1 is the first day of treatment). A further 23 out of 26 cows were successfully treated with oestradiol-17beta and progesterone standardized at 40 and 100 mg/day respectively. No significant differences in milk yields were obtained by the additional treatments of twice daily milking from day 10, sustained elevation or suppression of plasma prolactin during the induction phase by reserpine and bromo-cryptine respectively, or by continuing oestradiol-17beta injections alone on days 8-11. Levels of plasma prolactin less than 20 ng/ml were adequate for the preparation of the mammary gland for lactation to occur. The induced lactation of 24 monozygotic twin cows ranged from 20 to 87% of their respective siblings which had normal parturient lactations. All 11 cows treated with the standard oestrogen-progesterone treatment plus reserpine had successfully induced lactations. In the absence of oestrogen and progesterone treatment, a short period of resperpine treatment followed by dexamethasone trimethylacetate failed to induce lactation in five cows. Ninety per cent of induced cows (n = 39) and 91% of parturient cows (n = 22) conceived and subsequently calved following natural mating.
Indexing Memory Banks to Maximize Page Mode Hit Percentage and Minimize Memory Latency (2003)

Many memory controllers today take the page mode gamble|they leave DRAM pages open on the chance that the next access will be on that same page. If it is, a row access delay is saved; if it is not, a row precharge delay may be incurred. Most studies have concentrated on whether this gamble is worthwhile, and how much it saves if it is. This report instead concentrates on how to organize your memory system so that the gamble succeeds as often as possible. Indeed, on sample traces, we show that the techniques originated here increase the page mode hit rate signi cantly; for a typical memory system organization and a small set of traces, the page mode hit rate increased from an average of 49% to an average of 87%. We also present results showing that inexpensive memory-side prefetching can further reduce the latency of memory reads|in our tests, half of the read data can be on the way to the bus drivers before the read is issued by the processor.
A frequent tyrosinase gene mutation in classic, tyrosinase-negative (type IA) oculocutaneous albinism. (1990)

We have identified a tyrosinase gene mutation in several patients with classic, tyrosinase-negative (type IA) oculocutaneous albinism. This mutation, which results in a proline----leucine substitution at codon 81 of the tyrosinase polypeptide (EC 1.14.18.1), was observed in 20% (6 of 30) of oculocutaneous albinism alleles from independent probands, but it was not observed in any normal individuals. This mutation thus appears to be a frequent cause of tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism.
Identification of Cellular Sections with Imaging Mass Spectrometry Following Freeze Fracture (2002)

Freeze-fracture techniques have been used to maintain chemical heterogeneity of frozen-hydrated mammalian cells for static TOF-SIMS imaging. The effects the fracture plane has on scanning electron microscopy and dynamic SIMS images of cells have been studied, but the implications this preparation method has on static SIMS have not been addressed to date. Interestingly, the chemical specificity and surface sensitivity of TOF-SIMS have allowed the identification of unique sections of rat pheochromocytoma cells exposed to the sample surface during freeze fracture. Using the extensive chemical information of the fractured surface, cellular sections have been determined using TOF-SIMS images of water, sodium, potassium, hydrocarbons, phosphocholine, and DiI, a fluorescent dye that remains in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. Higher amounts of potassium have been imaged inside a cell versus the surrounding matrix in a cross-fractured cell. In other fractures exposing the cell membrane, phosphocholine and DiI have been imaged on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, while phosphocholine alone has been imaged on the inner leaflet. In this paper, we discuss how imaging mass spectrometry isused to uniquely distinguish three possible sections of cells obtained during freeze fracture. The identification of these sections is important in choosing cells with a region of interest, like the cell membrane, exposed to the surface for a more thorough investigation with imaging static TOF-SIMS.
Commercial DNA Probes for Mycobacteria Incorrectly Identify a Number of Less Frequently Encountered Species (2009)

Although commercially available DNA probes for identification of mycobacteria have been investigated with large numbers of strains, nothing is known about the ability of these probes to identify less frequently encountered species. We analyzed, with INNO LiPA MYCOBACTERIA (Innogenetics) and with GenoType Mycobacterium (Hein), 317 strains, belonging to 136 species, 61 of which had never been assayed before. INNO LiPA misidentified 20 taxa, the majority of which cross-reacted with the probes specific for Mycobacterium fortuitum and the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum group. GenoType misidentified 28 taxa, most of which cross-reacted with M. intracellulare and M. fortuitum probes; furthermore, eight species were not recognized as members of the genus Mycobacterium. Among 54 strains investigated with AccuProbe (Gen-Probe), cross-reactions were detected for nine species, with the probes aiming at the M. avium complex being most involved in cross-reactions.
Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphic mapping (1999)

Abstract Coherence measures applied to 3-D seismic data volumes have proven to be an effective method for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and stratigraphic features. By removing the seismic wavelet from the data, seismic coherence offers interpreters a different perspective, often exposing subtle features not readily apparent in the seismic data. Several formulations exist for obtaining coherence estimates. The first three generations of coherence algorithms at Amoco are based, respectively, on cross correlation, semblance, and an eigendecomposition of the data covariance matrix. Application of these three generations to data from the Gulf of Mexico indicates that the implementation of the eigenstructure approach described in this paper produces the most robust results. This paper first introduces the basic eigenstructure approach for computing coherence followed by a comparison on data from the Gulf of Mexico. Next, Appendix A develops a theoretical connection between the well-known semblance and the less well-known eigenstructure measures of coherence in terms of the eigenvalues of the data covariance matrix. Appendix B further extends the analysis by comparing the semblance- and eigenstructure-based coherence measures in the presence of additive uncorrelated noise.
Interleukin-6 Induces Proteolysis by Activating Intracellular Proteases (Cathepsins B and L, Proteasome) in C2C12 Myotubes (1995)

1. A cell culture system of C2C12 myotubes was established as a model of the muscle. With the aid of this model, the half-lives of intracellular proteins as well as the activities and mRNA levels of proteasomes (26S and 20S) and cathepsins (B, L, and H) were examined in the presence of various amounts of cytokines. 2. It was found that 100 units/ml recombinant human interleukin-6 somewhat shortened the half-life of long-lived proteins to 23.79 +/- 1.55 h (control: 25.60 +/- 1.87 h). When 1% fetal bovine serum contained in the culture medium was replaced by 0.5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, interleukin-6 was more effective since 10 units/ml of interleukin-6 shortened the half-life to 19.09 +/- 2.87 h (control: 22.26 +/- 321 h). Interleukin-6 (100 units/ml) increased the activity of 26S proteasome by 31.5%, of cathepsin B by 53.5% and of cathepsin B+L by 21.3%. These increases occurred in association with an increase in their transcription. 3. On the other hand, 1000 units/ml of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor alpha prolonged the half-life of long-lived proteins while reducing the protease activities of 20S proteasome (-27.1%), cathepsins B (-64.6%) and B+L (-54.9%). 4. These results suggest that interleukin-6 induces degradation of long-lived intracellular proteins by activating both the non-lysosomal (proteasomes) and lysosomal (cathepsins) proteolytic pathways. It is therefore concluded that interleukin-6 is a candidate for a proteolysis-inducing factor in myotubes and may play an important role in the progression of muscle degradation in systemic inflammatory responses induced by sepsis or severe injury.
Toward Selective TYK2 Inhibitors As Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases (2014)

The family of JAK comprises four members and has received significant attention in recent years from the pharmaceutical industry as a therapeutic target. The role of JAK is central to cytokine signaling pathways. It is believed that selective modulation of one specific JAK can lead to the inhibition of a restricted set of cytokines, which should avoid undesired side effects and get closer to the profile of biologic therapies. Consequently, selective JAK inhibition has become a major focus area of drug discovery research. A review of the TYK2 patents indicates that industry attention has recently turned toward the development of specific inhibitors. Importantly, despite the increasing number of published patents, none of these drugs have yet made it to the clinical trials.
Knowledge for Higher Level of Creativity (2017)

Creativity is one of the hallmarks of any progressive society and given the emphasis on creativity as a generator of new knowledge in all walks of life, creativity has been described as the fuel of the 21st century. Why not? The modern society has become more a creative society and has been progressing at a tremendous pace with new insights from people across the world. New areas of knowledge are emerging in the field of technology and these areas are expanding the frontiers of human thinking and intellect.
Fibroblast growth factor‐2 regulates the synthesis of hyaluronan by human periodontal ligament cells (2004)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) can enhance biological potentials of periodontal ligament cells and its topical application induces considerable periodontal tissue regeneration in vivo. In this study, we examined the effect of FGF-2 on the production of hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix playing important roles in homeostasis and inflammatory/wound healing responses, by human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. An inhibition binding-protein assay revealed that FGF-2 significantly increased HA production by HPDL cells in a dose dependent manner. Analysis by HPLC revealed that in conditioned medium of FGF-2-treated HPDL cells HA had a higher molecular mass, compared to that of untreated HPDL cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed the enhancement of mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1 and HAS 2, both of which contribute to the production of HA with a high molecular mass, but not HAS 3 in the FGF-2-treated HPDL cells. In contrast, three isoforms of hyaluronidase (HYAL) transcript were unchanged in the FGF-2-treated HPDL cells. These results provide new evidence for the possible involvement of FGF-2 in the regulation of HA production and its appreciable roles in not only homeostasis but also regeneration of periodontal tissues.