gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mononuclear and Binuclear Metal(II) Complexes of Ethane-1,2-Dithiolate. Preparation, Equilibrium and Redox Properties of [Ni(S2C2H4)2]2- and [Ni2(S2C2H4)3]2-, and the Structures of Ni2(S2C2H4)3]2- and [Pd(S2C2H4)2]2- (1986)

The diamagnetic ethane-1,2-dithiolate complexes [Ni( edt )2]2- and [Ni2( edt )3]2- were isolated as Ph4P+ salts from reaction systems with K2( edt ) : NiCl2 mol ratios of 10 : 1 and 2 : 1, respectively. (Ph4P)2[Ni2( edt )3] crystallizes in triclinic space group Pī with a 10.409(2)Ǻ, b 12.872(4)Ǻ, c 21.235(6)Ǻ, α 76.59(2)°, β 84.65(2)°, γ 70.12(2)°, and Z 2. The anion consists of a Ni( edt ) fragment bridged to [Ni( edt )2]2- through cis sulfur atoms of different chelate rings, resulting in a complex of idealized CS symmetry. Each NiS4 coordination unit shows small deviations from planarity. Their mean S4 planes are inclined at a dihedral angle of 118.0° across the S-S vector of bridging sulfur atoms, which leads to a Ni-Ni separation of 2.914(1)Ǻ. Terminal Ni-S bond lengths average to 2.177(12)Ǻ. (Ph4P)2[Pd( edt )2].4H2O crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c with a 10.470(3)Ǻ, b 24.264(9)Ǻ, c 19.691(7)Ǻ, β 93.05(3)°, and Z 4. The PdS4 unit of the anion deviates from planarity by a dihedral angle of 7.7° between chelated PdS2 groups. The mean Pd-S distance is 2.318 Ǻ. In protic and aprotic solvents [Ni( edt )2]2- converts into the binuclear complex in the reaction 2[Ni( edt )2]2- → [Ni2( edt )3]2- + edt2-, which is first order in the mononuclear complex. Reactions are faster in protic solvents; in HCONMe2 at 40°C k ≈ 4×10-5 s-1. In acetonitrile [Ni2( edt )3]2- shows an irreversible oxidation at Ep,a -0.21 V v . s.c.e .; for [Ni( edt )2]2- under the same conditions Ep,a -0.61 V and E1/2 for the 2-/1- couple is estimated as -0.68 V. These values demonstrate that potentials of classical anionic NiII tetrathiolate complexes are substantially reduced relative to those of non- thiolate species (excluding dithiolenes ), and are in the region of NiII /III potentials in hydrogenases.
A general synthesis of <i>s</i>‐triazolo[1,5‐<i>x</i>] diazines (1975)

Abstract Treatment of 2‐aminopyrimidime, a 4‐aminopyrimidine, aminopyrazine, and 3‐aminopyridazines with O ‐mesilylenesulfonylhydroxylamine gave the corresponding N ‐aminodiazinium salts in high yields. These salts could be transformed into s ‐triazolo[1, 5‐ a ] pyrimidines, s ‐triazolo[1, 5‐ a ]‐pyrazines, s ‐triazolo[1, 5‐ c ]pyrimidines, and s ‐triazolo[1, 5‐ b ]pyridazines hy treatment with acylating agents.
Theory and design of line-to-point focus solar concentrators with tracking secondary optics (2013)

The two-stage line-to-point focus solar concentrator with tracking secondary optics is introduced. Its design aims to reduce the cost per m(2) of collecting aperture by maintaining a one-axis tracking trough as the primary concentrator, while allowing the thermodynamic limit of concentration in 2D of 215× to be significantly surpassed by the implementation of a tracking secondary stage. The limits of overall geometric concentration are found to exceed 4000× when hollow secondary concentrators are used, and 6000× when the receiver is immersed in a dielectric material of refractive index n=1.5. Three exemplary collectors, with geometric concentrations in the range of 500-1500× are explored and their geometric performance is ascertained by Monte Carlo ray-tracing. The proposed solar concentrator design is well-suited for large-scale applications with discrete, flat receivers requiring concentration ratios in the range 500-2000×.
An Experimental Television System (1933)

This forms the introduction to a group of papers describing the apparatus used in making practical tests on an experimental television system.
Thermally stable cross-linked polymers for electro-optic applications (1994)

The electro-optic properties of a new variety of cross-linked polymer referred to as Red-acid Magly are being reported. Its linear and nonlinear optical properties are characterized in comparison with the classical side-chain polymer DR1-MMA. The combined curing and poling processes are optimized so as to improve the thermal stability of the nonlinear optical properties. Polymer films are shown to sustain a high electro-optic coefficient of 12 pm/V at 1.32$~\mu$m during several weeks at 85 °C. An electro-optic phase modulator based on this polymer has been fabricated and demonstrated.
The 2.3 Angstrom X-Ray Structure of Nitrite Reductase from <i>Achromobacter cycloclastes</i> (1991)

The three-dimensional crystal structure of the copper-containing nitrite reductase (NIR) from Achromobacter cycloclastes has been determined to 2.3 angstrom (A) resolution by isomorphous replacement. The monomer has two Greek key beta-barrel domains similar to that of plastocyanin and contains two copper sites. The enzyme is a trimer both in the crystal and in solution. The two copper atoms in the monomer comprise one type I copper site (Cu-I; two His, one Cys, and one Met ligands) and one putative type II copper site (Cu-II; three His and one solvent ligands). Although ligated by adjacent amino acids Cu-I and Cu-II are approximately 12.5 A apart. Cu-II is bound with nearly perfect tetrahedral geometry by residues not within a single monomer, but from each of two monomers of the trimer. The Cu-II site is at the bottom of a 12 A deep solvent channel and is the site to which the substrate (NO2-) binds, as evidenced by difference density maps of substrate-soaked and native crystals.
Reinvestigation of Li<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> Structure: Electron Diffraction and High Resolution TEM (2009)

The structure of Li2MnO3 was investigated by the means of X-ray and electron diffraction as well as high resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments. Extra spots are present in the Li2MnO3 electron diffraction patterns, and their origin is fully understood and explained here. They result from the existence of diffuse scattering lines observed along the c* monoclinic axis, intercepted by the Ewald’s sphere, and not from double diffraction phenomenon nor from superstructure. Furthermore, the origin of these scattering lines is due to stacking faults of the ordered lithium/manganese layers along the c-axis that were observed in images obtained using high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Methylmalonic acid quantification by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from filter paper urine samples (1996)

A specific method for quantification of methylmalonic acid (MMA) from urine samples dried onto filter paper is described. The method involves stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with [methyl-2H3]-MMA as the internal standard. MMA is stable in dry paper samples stored at room temperature for at least 2 weeks. The extraction efficiency of MMA from paper was 56-58%. The concentration of urinary MMA in dried filter paper specimens from 190 normal controls was 1.21 +/- 1.34 (mean +/- SD) mmol/mol of urinary creatinine. Age-related reference values are also reported. The concentrations, normalized to the urinary creatinine concentration, decrease with age. The applicability of this method to rapid screening for cobalamin (vitamin B12)-related disorders and methylmalonic aciduria is demonstrated.
Correlation Congruence for Knowledge Distillation (2019)

Most teacher-student frameworks based on knowledge distillation (KD) depend on a strong congruent constraint on instance level. However, they usually ignore the correlation between multiple instances, which is also valuable for knowledge transfer. In this work, we propose a new framework named correlation congruence for knowledge distillation (CCKD), which transfers not only the instance-level information, but also the correlation between instances. Furthermore, a generalized kernel method based on Taylor series expansion is proposed to better capture the correlation between instances. Empirical experiments and ablation studies on image classification tasks (including CIFAR-100, ImageNet-1K) and metric learning tasks (including ReID and Face Recognition) show that the proposed CCKD substantially outperforms the original KD and achieves state-of-the-art accuracy compared with other SOTA KD-based methods. The CCKD can be easily deployed in the majority of the teacher-student framework such as KD and hint-based learning methods.
Abl Family Tyrosine Kinases Are Essential for Basement Membrane Integrity and Cortical Lamination in the Cerebellum (2010)

The Abl family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, consisting of closely related Abl and Arg (Abl-related gene), play essential roles in mouse neurulation, but their functions in the subsequent development of CNS are poorly understood. Here, we show that conditional deletion of Abl in precursors of neurons and glia on an Arg knock-out background leads to striking cerebellar malformations, including defects in anterior cerebellar morphogenesis, granule cell ectopia, and hypoplasia. Time course analyses reveal that the abnormal anterior cerebellar foliation results from local disruptions of the basement membrane (BM) located between radial glial endfeet and the meninges during embryonic cerebellar development. Granule cell ectopia and hypoplasia are also associated with the breaches in the BM and abnormal Bergmann glial networks during postnatal cerebellar development. In vitro culture experiments indicate that Abl/Arg-deficient granule cells can interact with glial processes and proliferate normally in response to sonic hedgehog compared to cells isolated from control mice. Consistent with these findings, selective ablation of Abl family kinases in cerebellar granule cells alone does not cause any abnormality, suggesting that deletion of Abl/Arg from glia is likely required for the mutant phenotype. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that Abl and Arg play key redundant roles in BM maintenance and cortical lamination in the cerebellum.
Donor Treatment With Carbon Monoxide Can Yield Islet Allograft Survival and Tolerance (2005)

Treatment of animals or certain cells with carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme degradation by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), has potent anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects that contribute to the survival of transplanted organs. We report here that inducing HO-1 in, or administering CO to, only the donor can be used in a therapeutic manner to sustain the survival of transplanted allogeneic islets. Similar treatments of only the islets or only the recipient are also salutary. Administering CO only to the donor frequently leads to long-term survival of those islets in untreated allogeneic recipients, which are then antigen-specifically tolerant. Several proinflammatory and proapoptotic genes that are strongly induced in islets after transplantation in the untreated situation were significantly suppressed after administering CO to the donor without further treatment. These included tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, granzyme B, and Fas/Fas ligand, all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of the rejection of transplanted islets. This correlated with a lesser infiltration of recipient macrophages into the transplanted islets. Our present findings show that induction of HO-1 in, or administration of CO to, only the donor, islets, or the recipient or combinations of such treatments improve allogeneic islet survival.
STUDIES OF ACTIVE DIACYLAMIDES OF BENZOTRIAZOLE I. SYNTHESIS OF POLYAMIDES AND POLYESTERS (1985)

Two new routes to polyamides and polyesters were established, based on the polycondensationof new typical active diacylamide of benzotriazole, such as 1, 1'-(isophthaloyl) bisbenzotriazole(IPBBT) and 1, 1'-(terephthaloyl)bisbenzotriazole (PBBT) with diamines, diols and diphenol underdifferent mild conditions. The N-acylation of polycondensation occurred at room temperaturewithout added catalyst, the O-acylation of polycondensation had to complete in the presence oftriethylamine as a catalyst at 60℃.
A Rapid Method for Preparation of Urinary Bladder Epithelium for Flow Cytometric Analysis (1984)

A rapid and reliable method is described for preparation of urinary bladder epithelium for flow cytometric analysis. This method has proven useful for measurement of cell cycle kinetics in bladder epithelium from normal fetal, neonatal and adult mice as well as animals that have been exposed to urinary bladder toxicants. A modified Vindelov 's propidium iodide stain was instilled directly into the urinary bladder through the urethra, allowing the propidium iodide to lyse the epithelial cells and stain the DNA in the liberated nuclei. The stained epithelial cell nuclei were then removed from the lumen and analyzed by flow cytometry without centrifugation or filtration techniques. This method allows examination of epithelial cell nuclei without contamination from other tissue elements due to the fact that the propidium iodide did not act beyond the epithelial basement membrane under our experimental conditions.
Linearized wave-equation migration velocity analysis by image warping (2014)

ABSTRACT Seismic imaging produces images of contrasts in physical parameters in the subsurface, e.g., velocity or impedance. To build such images, a background model describing the wave kinematics in the earth is necessary. In practice, the structural image and background velocity model are unknown and have to be estimated from the acquired data. Migration velocity analysis deals with estimation of the background model in the framework of seismic migration and relies on two main elements: data redundancy and invariance of the structures with respect to different seismic experiments. Because all the experiments probe the same model, the reflectors must be invariant in suitable domains (e.g., shots or reflection angle); the semblance principle is the tool used to measure the invariance of a set of multiple images. We measure the similarity of the structural features between pairs of single-shot migrated images obtained from adjacent experiments. By using the estimated warping vector field between two migrated images, we construct an image perturbation which describes the difference in reflectivity observed by two shots. We derive an expression for the image perturbation that drives a migration velocity analysis procedure based on a linearization of the wave-equation with respect to the model parameters. Synthetic 2D examples show promising results in retrieving errors in the velocity model. This methodology can be directly applied to 3D.
Epidemiology of Dyslipidemia in the Asia Pacific Region (2018)

Dyslipidemia, including high levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis that leads to various cardiovascular diseases. This article compares the epidemiology of dyslipidemia among countries of the Asia Pacific region, including Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan, based on public-accessible data from websites. Sources of lipid management guidelines of the countries are also summarized. Before comparing the data from each of the countries, the readers should pay attention to the impact of lipid testing methods, medication use, the year of data acquisition, the age range of the examinees, and the definition of dyslipidemia in each country. Apart from the mentioned factors that may affect the epidemiology data, some of the countries have unique features. For example, substantial ethnic differences existed in Indonesia and Malaysia; whereas the reports from China and Thailand exhibited significant regional variations. However, a common feature is that the levels of serum lipids change with age, and men and women may have quite different levels of serum lipids even of the same age range. Nevertheless, there is a lot of room for improvement in the awareness, treatment, and control rate of dyslipidemia. To reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia and promote cardiovascular health, the epidemiological surveys of dyslipidemia and implementation of management guidelines according to their own national conditions are encouraged.
Comparative efficacies of chemical sprout inhibitors and vapour heat treatments on the control of sprouting in stored potatoes. (1987)

Potatoes were given a pre-harvest spray of maleic hydrazide (MH) (containing 0.1% Tween-80 and 250 p.p.m. benlate) at 1000 and 2000 p.p.m. levels, and post harvest treatment with sodium salt of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), methyl ester of naphthalene acetic acid (MENA), iso-propyl-N-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC) and tetrachloronitrobenzene (TCNB) each at 1000 p.p.m. level and stored at 22-35 degree C and 20 degree C for 3 wk and at 10 degree C for 6 wk. Five wk after harvest, potatoes were given vapour heat treatment (VHT) at 60 degree C with 95 plus/minus 5% RH for 60 min and stored at 22-35, 20 and 10 degree C. After 3 wk one lot from each of the above temp. was given a second VHT at 60 degree C for 60 min. Potatoes were observed periodically for sprout yield, spoilage and physiological loss in wt. (PLW). Of the 5 chemicals, MENA and NAA at 1000 p.p.m. and MH at 2000 p.p.m. reduced the sprout yield effectively at the 3 storage temp.; however MENA was found most effective. VHT was more effective at 22-35 degree C than at 20 and 10 degree C, 2 treatments being needed to significantly reduce the sprout yield at 20 and 10 degree C. No treatment significantly reduced the PLW compared to the control. The rate of spoilage in VHT was the same as in any chemical treatment. It is concluded that VHT applied twice was as effective as MH at 2000 p.p.m. when the reduction in sprout yield was 83 and 71% resp. when stored at 22-35 degree C.
New advances in three dimensional transient electromagnetic inversion (2004)

Inversion of transient electromagnetic (TEM) data sets to image the subsurface three-dimensional (3-D) electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability properties can be done directly in the time domain. The technique, first introduced by Wang et al. (1994) for causal and diffusive electromagnetic fields and subsequently implemented by Zhdanov and Portniaguine (1997) in the framework of iterative migration, is based upon imaging methods originally developed for seismic wavefields (Claerbout, 1971; Tarantola, 1984). In this paper we advance the original derivations of Wang et al. (1994) and Zhdanov and Portniaguine (1997) to treat non-causal TEM fields, as well as correct a flaw in the theory for treatment of magnetic field data. Our 3D imaging scheme is based on a conjugate-gradient search for the minimum of an error functional involving EM measurements governed by Maxwell's equations without displacement currents. Treatment for magnetic field, voltage (time derivative of the magnetic field) and electric field data are given. The functional can be computed by propagating the data errors back into the model in reverse time along with a DC field, sourced by the integrated data errors over the measurement time range. By correlating these fields, including the time-integrated back-propagated fields, with the corresponding incident field and its initial value at each image point, efficient computational forms for the gradients are developed. The forms of the gradients allow for additional efficiencies when voltage and electric field data are inverted. In such instances the combined data errors can be back-propagated jointly, significantly reducing the computation time required to solve the inverse problem. The inversion algorithm is applied to the long offset transient electromagnetic measurement (LOTEM) configuration thereby demonstrating its capability in inverting non-causal field measurements of electric field and voltage, sourced by a grounded wire, over complex structures. Findings also show that migration, without iteration or preconditioning, is not an effective imaging strategy; reconstructions at the first inversion iteration bear little resemblance to simple or complex test models.
Gold complexes with selenium ligands, I. Preparation and crystal structures of phenylselenolato‐gold(I) complexes (1990)

Abstract (Triphenylphosphine)phenylselenolatogold(I), Ph 3 PAuSePh ( 1 ), and the corresponding dppm derivative, [(dppm)(AuSePh) 2 ] ( 3 ), are prepared from Me 3 SiSePh and the appropriate (phosphine)chlorogold(I) complex. The reaction between Ph 3 PAuCl, Ph 2 Se 2 and AgSbF 6 leads to the salt [(Ph 3 PAu) 2 SePh] + SbF − 6 ( 2 ), with a bridging PhSe ligand. X‐ray structure analyses of 1 and 2 confirm the expected linear geometry at gold and reveal short Au‐Au contacts; both compounds may thus be regarded as loose dimers.
Transverse-mode selection in apertured super-Gaussian resonators: an experimental and numerical investigation for a pulsed CO_2 Doppler lidar transmitter (1997)

A representative prototype of a high-energy, long-pulse, and narrow-bandwidth pulsed CO(2) laser suitable for a spaceborne Doppler wind lidar application has been developed. We obtained 10 J of output energy at greater than 8% efficiency in long, narrow-bandwidth, single-longitudinal, and transverse-mode pulses. We used a positive branch unstable resonator with a fourth-order super-Gaussian mirror as the output coupler. Experiments were carried out to assess the effect of intracavity hard apertures of different diameters that induce diffractive perturbation of the theoretical field and reduce the transverse-mode selectivity of the cavity. An upper limit to the choice of the mirror soft radius has been found, which allows optimization of the trade-off between laser efficiency and beam quality. We determined experimentally that a value of 0.75-0.8 for the ratio between the exp(-1) diameter of the beam intensity and the laser clear aperture gave a single-transverse-mode operation without significant loss of efficiency.
On Generalized Differences for Biospeckle Image Analysis (2010)

Biospeckle is a technique whose purpose is to observe and study the underlying activity of some material. The technique has its roots on optical physics, and its first step is an image acquisition process that produces a video sequence whose characteristics allow researchers to have an interpretation of the activity of the observed material by an analysis of the video content. The recent literature on this subject presents several different measurements for analyzing the video sequence. One of the most popular measurement is the Generalized Difference (GD). The computation of the GD has an asymptotic complexity of O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). In this paper we propose: i) an alternative O(n) algorithm for the computation of the GD, and ii) an alternative measurement, that we call GD*. We discuss the qualitative similarities between the GD and the GD*. We conclude that the GD* is an alternative generalized difference measurement, and thus it can replace the GD in many applications. We show that the GD* is a function of the variance, and it can be computed in O(n). Finally, if the GD itself is desired as measurement, it can now be computed in O(n) by the novel algorithm presented in this paper.
Community College Bargaining (2012)

First two community colleges established in 1958 -Central Oregon CC/Clatsop CC Nine community colleges established in 1960s Three community colleges