gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applied biomaterials standards report (1990)

Abstract The purpose of my column is to provide readers with current information on biomaterials‐related standards produced by both private groups and government agencies, and standards‐related activities. Standards are descriptive documents given official status by their producers, and in the case of biomaterials, they are generally intended to provide formalized descriptions of (a) materials used in the construction of medical devices, (b) materials used directly in surgical repairs, (c) test methods to evaluate materials for such applications, and (d) methods for handling or processing such materials. Please consider this column not only a place to obtain biomaterials standards information but also a place to submit news of biomaterials standards developments in order to get the information before the public. This invitation extends to members of all professional organizations and government agencies in the United States and abroad who are active in standards development and would like specific activities or standards publicized. I will present the information in this column to the extent that allotted space allows. And last, a caveat—since this is a column, it contains both factual information and opinions. I will make every effort to make it clear which is which. Also, as a frame of reference, please note that this column was written and submitted in March 1990.
A New Fiducial Marker for Gated Radiotherapy in the Lung â€“ A Feasibility Study of Bronchoscopy Based Insertion and Removal in GÃ¶ttingen Mini-Pig (2010)

To develop a new prototype fiducial marker (LS-1) that may be used for gated radiotherapy in the lung.Â  One LS-1 marker was inserted in the lung of each animal under sedation. Animals were kept under observationÂ  for four weeks after insertion. After the observation period the marker was removed. Animals wereÂ  CT scanned after insertion and before removal of the LS-1 marker. After the last CT scan animals wereÂ  euthanized and lungs excised for pathology.Â  The LS-1 marker was successfully inserted in all fourteen animals. Thirteen of fourteen LS-1 markerâ€™sÂ  were in situ after four weeks. Two cases of pneumothorax were seen in connection with insertion. The LS-1Â  marker could only be successfully removed from eleven of thirteen animals. Damage to the lung was mainlyÂ  local close to the LS-1 marker insertion site.Â  The LS-1 marker has the potential to be a fiducial marker suitable for gated external beam radiotherapy inÂ  the lung. The method still needs some refinement prior to application in humans.Â
<scp>l</scp>‐Threonine Deaminase of <i>Rhodospirillum rubrum</i> (1971)

A procedure for the purification of threonine deaminase from Rhodospirillum rubrum is described. The 2200‐fold purified enzyme was judged to be pure by disc‐gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. Sedimentation velocity centrifugation yielded an s ° 20,w value of 8.1 S and a D 20,w of 4.65 × 10 −7 cm 2 × sec −1 . Assuming a partial specific volume of 0.74 g/ml the molecular weight of 164000 was calculated from the Svedberg equation. However, from calibrated Sephadex G‐200 columns, a D 20,w of 4.15 × 10 −7 cm 2 × sec −1 was obtained and using this equation, the molecular weight was calculated to be 180000. Electrophoresis of the enzyme on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that the native enzyme was composed of four subunits, each of about 46000 molecular weight. In addition to the native tetrameric molecule, an active octameric species was detected in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The spectrum of the pure enzyme showed absorption maxima at 279 nm and 412 nm, characteristic of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐containing enzymes. Analysis of the cofactor content revealed the presence of 4.2 moles of pyridoxal phosphate per 180000 g of protein. The enzyme displayed a normal Michaelis‐Menten substrate saturation curve in the absence of isoleucine. High concentrations of isoleucine inhibited the enzyme activity somewhat only at low levels of the substrate; the inhibition was weak as compared to all other biosynthetic threonine deaminases. No other amino acid or any nucleotide tested produced any significant activation or inhibition. In assays at pH values greater than 8.4, a transient build up of a 245 nm absorbing species was observed. It is suggested that this species corresponds to one of the two intermediates of the deamination reaction, α‐aminocrotonate or α‐iminobutyrate, and that at high pH the rate‐limiting step in the reaction is the hydrolysis of the intermediate to the final products, 2‐oxobutyrate and ammonia.
New Reviews (1957)

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Experimental Bacteriophage Therapy Increases Survival of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> Larvae Infected with Clinically Relevant Strains of the <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> Complex (2009)

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a group of bacterial pathogens that are highly antibiotic resistant and associated with debilitating respiratory infections. Although bacteriophages of the BCC have been isolated and characterized, no studies have yet examined phage therapy against the BCC in vivo. In a caterpillar infection model, we show that BCC phage therapy is an alternative treatment possibility and is highly effective under specific conditions.
Recovering an algebraic curve using its projections from different points. Applications to static and dynamic computational vision (2005)

We study some geometric configurations related to the projection of an irreducible algebraic curve embedded in \mathbb C \mathbb P^3 onto embedded projective planes. These configurations are motivated by applications to static and dynamic computational vision. More precisely, we study how an irreducible closed algebraic curve X embedded in \mathbb C \mathbb P^3 , which degree is d and genus g , can be recovered using its projections from points onto embedded projective planes. The different embeddings are unknown. The only input is the defining equation of each projected curve. We show how both the embeddings and the curve in \mathbb C \mathbb P^3 can be recovered modulo some action of the group of projective transformations of \mathbb C \mathbb P^3 . In particular in the case of two projections, we show how in a generic situation, a characteristic matrix of the pair of embeddings can be recovered. In the process we address dimensional issues and as a result establish the minimal number of irreducible algebraic curves required to compute this characteristic matrix up to a finite-fold ambiguity, as a function of their degrees and genus. Then we use this matrix to recover the class of the couple of maps and as a consequence to recover the curve. For a generic situation, two projections define a curve with two irreducible components. One component has degree d(d-1) and the other has degree d , being the original curve. Then we consider another problem. N projections, with known projections operators and N >> 1 , are considered as an input and we want to recover the curve. The recovery can be done by linear computations in the dual space and in the Grassmannian of lines in \mathbb C \mathbb P^3 . Those computations are respectively based on the dual variety and on the variety of intersecting lines. In both cases a simple lower bound for the number of necessary projections is given as a function of the degree and the genus. A closely related question is also considered. Each point of a finite closed subset of an irreducible algebraic curve, is projected onto a plane from a point. For each point the center of projection is different. The projections operators are known. We show when and how the recovery of the algebraic curve is possible, in function of the degree of the curve, and of the degree of the curve of minimal degree generated by the centers of projection. Eventually we show how these questions were motivated by applications to static and dynamic computational vision. A second part of this work is devoted to several applications to this field. The results in this paper solve a long standing problem in computer vision that could not have been solved without algebraic-geometric methods.
Surface‐free energy and bacterial adhesion (1987)

Conflicting reports have been presented on the rôle of substratum surface free energy (s.f.e.) on bacterial adherence. It is the aim of the present study to evaluate the effect of the s.f.e. of substrata on bacterial adherence in vivo. The following substrata with s.f.e. varying from 23.3-124.9 erg X cm-2 were cut into facings of 5 by 6 mm, polished and cleaned: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), Parafilm, polyvinylchloride (PVC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bovine dentin, bovine enamel and glass. In 5 beagle dogs, 7-9 years old, part of the buccal periodontium of the upper cuspids was excised and crowns were made and cemented with a non-fluoridated cement. The facings were placed in the crowns and placed in the oral cavity for 2 h. After removal, the facings were rinsed in saline. S.f.e. was assessed from contact angles with water, water/n-propanol mixtures and a-bromonaphthalene, according to the concept of dispersion and polar components, firstly on clean air dried facings and later on facings exposed to the oral cavity for 2 h. Immediately after rinsing, the water contact angle was measured as a function of time, to monitor the evaporation of free water from the protein layer adsorbed on the substrate which had been exposed to the oral cavity. It appeared that after a rapid increase in contact angle, a stable maximum value was obtained after 40-120 min depending on the substratum. S.f.e.'s of the protein-coated substrata were subsequently determined after a 120 min drying period. Following the contact angle determinations, the exposed facings were stained with ethidium bromide, enabling fluorescence microscopical counting of the adhered microorganisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inter- and intraspecies polymorphisms in the cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor alter drug efficacy (1997)

The brain cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor (CCK-BR) is a major target for drug development because of its postulated role in modulating anxiety, memory, and the perception of pain. Drug discovery efforts have resulted in the identification of small synthetic molecules that can selectively activate this receptor subtype. These drugs include the peptide-derived compound PD135,158 as well as the nonpeptide benzodiazepine-based ligand, L-740,093 (S enantiomer). We now report that the maximal level of receptor-mediated second messenger signaling that can be achieved by these compounds (drug efficacy) markedly differs among species homologs of the CCK-BR. Further analysis reveals that the observed differences in drug efficacy are in large part explained by single or double aliphatic amino acid substitutions between respective species homologs. This interspecies variability in ligand efficacy introduces the possibility of species differences in receptor-mediated function, an important consideration when selecting animal models for preclinical drug testing. The finding that even single amino acid substitutions can significantly affect drug efficacy prompted us to examine ligand-induced signaling by a known naturally occurring human CCK-BR variant (glutamic acid replaced by lysine in position 288; 288E --> K). When examined using the 288E --> K receptor, the efficacies of both PD135,158 and L-740, 093 (S) were markedly increased compared with values obtained with the wild-type human protein. These observations suggest that functional variability resulting from human receptor polymorphisms may contribute to interindividual differences in drug effects.
X-ray crystal structure of a macrocyclic copper chelate stable enough for use in living systems: copper(II) dihydrogen 6-(p-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetate (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray crystal structure of a macrocyclic copper chelate stable enough for use in living systems: copper(II) dihydrogen 6-(p-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetateMin K. Moi, Michael Yanuck, Shrikant V. Deshpande, Hakon Hope, Sally J. DeNardo, and Claude F. MearesCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 21, 3458–3463Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00268a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00268a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Self-taught clustering (2008)

This paper focuses on a new clustering task, called self-taught clustering. Self-taught clustering is an instance of unsupervised transfer learning, which aims at clustering a small collection of target unlabeled data with the help of a large amount of auxiliary unlabeled data. The target and auxiliary data can be different in topic distribution. We show that even when the target data are not sufficient to allow effective learning of a high quality feature representation, it is possible to learn the useful features with the help of the auxiliary data on which the target data can be clustered effectively. We propose a co-clustering based self-taught clustering algorithm to tackle this problem, by clustering the target and auxiliary data simultaneously to allow the feature representation from the auxiliary data to influence the target data through a common set of features. Under the new data representation, clustering on the target data can be improved. Our experiments on image clustering show that our algorithm can greatly outperform several state-of-the-art clustering methods when utilizing irrelevant unlabeled auxiliary data.
Electroreductive synthesis of polygermane and germane–silane copolymer (1992)

Formation of Ge–Ge and Ge–Si bonds has been achieved by electroreduction with an Mg electrode and this method has been successfully applied to the preparation of polygermane and germane–silane copolymer.
Creating knowledge-based multimedia applications (1990)

Multimedia systems have the power to involve users in rich interactions with diverse information. For interactions with complex, interrelated, bodies of information, hypermedia techniques can be employed to give the user non-linear access to the stored material. If a multimedia application is to offer the user more than this, for instance to provide advice, or help with a problem, then a more intensive interaction is necessary. Exploitation of knowledge-based system techniques may be relevant and the interaction will need to have dialogue-like characteristics. To find out how to create software of this kind, the Intelligent CD-I Project at the UK Philips Research Laboratories is prototyping knowledge-based multimedia applications, targeted on compact disc interactive (CD-I). The author gives an overview of CD-I and knowledge-based multimedia. He goes on to describe the cookery advisor CD-I system being developed by Philips.
The relationship between de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and low-temperature carbon gasification in fly ash (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe relationship between de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and low-temperature carbon gasification in fly ashMichael S. Milligan and Elmar AltwickerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 8, 1595–1601Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00045a015https://doi.org/10.1021/es00045a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perispinal etanercept produces rapid improvement in primary progressive aphasia: identification of a novel, rapidly reversible TNF-mediated pathophysiologic mechanism. (2008)

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is an uncommon form of progressive dementia for which there exists no established treatment. The underlying pathology may be that of either frontotemporal dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence suggests that excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may play a central role in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, excess TNF has been documented in patients with frontotemporal dementia. Excess TNF may therefore represent a therapeutic target in PPA. Etanercept, an anti-TNF fusion protein, binds to TNF, thereby reducing its biologic effect. Emerging evidence suggests that perispinal administration of etanercept may have therapeutic efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. This evidence, in combination, supports a rationale for the use of perispinal etanercept for the treatment of PPA. This report documents rapid improvement in verbal abilities, beginning within 20 minutes of perispinal etanercept, in a patient with severe PPA. With repeated weekly dosing, sustained improvement at 1 month is documented, with a more than 10-point improvement in the patient's abilities to perform activities of daily living as measured by a standardized instrument, the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living inventory. Rapid clinical improvement in PPA following perispinal etanercept administration may be related to TNF's role as a gliotransmitter and modulator of synaptic communication in the brain. These results may provide insight into the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PPA and related forms of dementia and suggest the existence of novel, rapidly reversible, TNF-mediated pathophysiologic mechanisms in both PPA and Alzheimer's disease. Further study of this therapeutic method is indicated.
Immunogenicity of a Chaotropically Extracted Protective Antigen(s) of Pasteurella multocida Type A (Bovine Origin) Against Experimental Pasteurellosis in Mice (1979)

Immunization of mice with a potassium thiocyanate extract of Pasteurella multocida type A (bovine strain) imparted complete protection against an experimental challenge infection with 1.6 x 10(3) colony-forming units of the homologous strain. Formalin-treated vaccine (one or two doses) was much less effective. Significantly higher bactericidal antibody titres were observed in the sera of mice immunized with the extract compared with those given the vaccine. The bactericidal activity was localized in the IgM and IgG fractions. The extract consisted of protein(s) and carbohydrate(s) and on immunoelectrophoresis displayed at least three antigenetically distinct components.
High-Throughput Nano-Biofilm Microarray for Antifungal Drug Discovery (2013)

Microorganisms are typically still grown in petri dishes, test tubes, and Erlenmeyer flasks in spite of the latest advances in miniaturization that have benefitted other allied research fields, including genomics and proteomics. Culturing microorganisms in small scale can be particularly valuable in cutting down time, cost, and reagent usage. This paper describes the development, characterization, and application of nanoscale culture of an opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Despite a more than 2,000-fold reduction in volume, the growth characteristics and drug response profiles obtained from the nanoscale cultures were comparable to the industry standards. The platform also enabled rapid identification of new drug candidates that were effective against C. albicans biofilms, which are a major cause of mortality in hospital-acquired infections.
A 4K × 8 dynamic RAM with self refresh (1981)

A 5V-only 4K×8 dynamic RAM with multiplexed address/ data I/O and on-chip self-refresh will be described, The chip has been designed for use in 8b or 16b microprocessor systems.
Restoration of correct βIVS2-654-globin mRNA splicing and HbA production by engineered U7 snRNA in β-thalassaemia/HbE erythroid cells (2019)

A cytosine to thymine mutation at nucleotide 654 of human β-globin intron 2 (β<sup>IVS2-654</sup>) is one of the most common mutations causing β-thalassaemia in Chinese and Southeast Asians. This mutation results in aberrant β-globin pre-mRNA splicing and prevents synthesis of β-globin protein. Splicing correction using synthetic splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) has been shown to restore expression of the β-globin protein, but to maintain therapeutically relevant levels of β-globin it would require lifelong administration. Here, we demonstrate long-term splicing correction using U7 snRNA lentiviral vectors engineered to target several pre-mRNA splicing elements on the β<sup>IVS2-654</sup>-globin pre-mRNA such as cryptic 3' splice site, aberrant 5' splice site, cryptic branch point and an exonic splicing enhancer. A double-target engineered U7 snRNAs targeted to the cryptic branch point and an exonic splicing enhancer, U7.BP + 623, was the most effective in a model cell line, HeLa IVS2-654. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of the vector was demonstrated in erythroid progenitor cells derived from β<sup>IVS2-654</sup>-thalassaemia/HbE patients, which showed restoration of correctly spliced β-globin mRNA and led to haemoglobin A synthesis, and consequently improved thalassaemic erythroid cell pathology. These results demonstrate proof of concept of using the engineered U7 snRNA lentiviral vector for treatment of β-thalassaemia.