gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resist and oxide thickness effect on process window for 0.2-μm contact patterns with off-axis illumination and attenuated phase-shift mask (1998)

The resist dimples caused by the sidelobe effect are the unexpected by-products at printing 0.2-micrometer dense contact holes with attenuated phase-shift mask (PSM) and KrF laser stepper. We found that not only the printing bias and duty ratio but also the film thickness of the resist and the oxide layer underneath the resist affect the generation of the dimples. The 0.2-micrometer contact holes on 0.52-micrometer pitch were printed successfully without resist dimples by controlling the mentioned factors. Furthermore, the depth margin of the dimples was accessed in real etching process. The residual resist at dimples was 3150 Angstrom at least after development in order to against the etching process.
Prolonged cytotoxic effect of colchicine released from biodegradable microspheres (2004)

One the main problems of cancer chemotherapy is the unwanted damage to normal cells caused by the high toxicities of anticancer drugs. Any system of controlled drug delivery that would reduce the total amount of drug required, and thus reduce the side effects, would potentially help to improve chemotherapy. In this respect, biodegradable gelatin microspheres were prepared by water/oil emulsion polymerization and by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GTA) as the drug-carrier system. Microspheres were loaded with colchicine, a model antimitotic drug, which was frequently used as an antimitotic agent in cancer research involving cell cultures. Microsphere sizes, swelling and degradation properties, drug-release kinetics, and cytotoxities were studied. Swelling characteristics of microspheres changed upon changing GTA concentration. A decrease in swelling values was recorded as GTA crosslink density was increased. In vitro drug release in PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) showed rapid colchicine release up to approximately 83% (at t = 92 h) for microspheres with low GTA (0.05% v/v), whereas a slower release profile (only approximately 39%) was obtained for microspheres with high GTA (0.50% v/v) content, for the same period. Cytotoxicity tests with MCF-7, HeLa and H-82 cancer cell lines showed that free colchicine was very toxic, showing an approximately 100% lethal effect in both HeLa and H-82 cell lines and more than 50% decrease in viability in MCF-7 cells in 4 days. Indeed, entrapped colchicine indicated similar initial high toxic effect on cell viability in MCF-7 cell line and this effect became more dominant as colchicine continued to be released from microspheres in the same period. In conclusion, the control of the release rate of colchicine from gelatin microspheres was achieved under in vitro conditions by gelatin through the alteration of crosslinking conditions. Indeed, the results suggested the potential application of gelatin microspheres crosslinked with GTA as a sustained drug-delivery system for anticancer drugs for local chemotherapy administrations.
In vitro and in vivo study of dye diffusion into the human skin and hair follicles (2002)

We present experimental results on the in vitro and in vivo study of dye diffusion into human skin and hair follicles. We have studied some commercially available dyes for potential using in the laser selective thermolysis. The degree and the depth of hair follicle dyeing inside the skin were determined. For hairs in different stages the sebaceous gland was stated as a reservoir for a dye administration. It was found that the penetration depth of dyes is about 1.2 mm from the skin surface. We have developed the biocompatible Indocyanine Green lotions and the method for in vivo dyeing and dye in depth monitoring. Shift on 16-21 nm of absorption peak of Indocyanine Green to the longer wavelengths due to Indocyanine Green binding with cell proteins in the human skin was found.
Impaired degradation of inhibitory subunit of NF-κB (IκB) and β-catenin as a result of targeted disruption of the β- <i>TrCP1</i> gene (2003)

beta-TrCP1 (also known as Fbw1a or FWD1) is the F-box protein component of an Skp1/Cul1/F-box (SCF)-type ubiquitin ligase complex. Although biochemical studies have suggested that beta-TrCP1 targets inhibitory subunit of NF-kappa B(I kappa B) proteins and beta-catenin for ubiquitylation, the physiological role of beta-TrCP1 in mammals has remained unclear. We have now generated mice deficient in beta-TrCP1 and shown that the degradation of I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta is reproducibly, but not completely, impaired in the cells of these animals. The nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of NF-kappa B as well as the ability of this transcription factor to activate a luciferase reporter gene were also inhibited in beta-TrCP1-/- cells compared with those apparent in wild-type cells. The subcellular localization of beta-catenin was altered markedly in beta-TrCP1-/- cells. Furthermore, the rate of proliferation was reduced and both cell size and the percentage of polyploid cells were increased in embryonic fibroblasts derived from beta-TrCP1-/- mice compared with the corresponding wild-type cells. These results suggest that beta-TrCP1 contributes to, but is not absolutely required for, the degradation of I kappa B and beta-catenin and the consequent regulation of the NF-kappa B and Wnt signaling pathways, respectively. In addition, they implicate beta-TrCP1 in the maintenance of ploidy during cell-cycle progression.
ELOVL3 Is an Important Component for Early Onset of Lipid Recruitment in Brown Adipose Tissue (2005)

During the recruitment process of brown adipose tissue, the mRNA level of the fatty acyl chain elongase Elovl3 is elevated more than 200-fold in cold-stressed mice. We have obtained Elovl3-ablated mice and report here that, although cold-acclimated Elovl3-ablated mice experienced an increased heat loss due to impaired skin barrier, they were unable to hyperrecruit their brown adipose tissue. Instead, they used muscle shivering in order to maintain body temperature. Lack of Elovl3 resulted in a transient decrease in the capacity to elongate saturated fatty acyl-CoAs into very long chain fatty acids, concomitantly with the occurrence of reduced levels of arachidic acid (C20:0) and behenic acid (C22:0) in brown adipose tissue during the initial cold stress. This effect on very long chain fatty acid synthesis could be illustrated as a decrease in the condensation activity of the elongation enzyme. In addition, warm-acclimated Elovl3-ablated mice showed diminished ability to accumulate fat and reduced metabolic capacity within the brown fat cells. This points to ELOVL3 as an important regulator of endogenous synthesis of saturated very long chain fatty acids and triglyceride formation in brown adipose tissue during the early phase of the tissue recruitment.
Strong Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Specific CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Responses in a Cohort of Chronically Infected Patients Are Associated with Interruptions in Anti‐HIV Chemotherapy (2000)

Virus-specific CD4+ T-helper cell function is important in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is impaired in patients with progressive HIV disease. It has been reported that after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-specific lymphoproliferative responses remain absent, whereas responses to non-HIV microbial antigens are restored. However, in analyzing immune responses in a cohort of chronically infected adults on HAART, we observed strong HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses of Th-1 phenotype in 11 of 22 patients. The magnitude and frequency of HIV-specific lymphoproliferative responses was strongly associated with previous interruptions in HAART (P=.001). In contrast, the magnitude of CD8+ T cell responses to HIV Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef was similar in patients who had and those who had not interrupted HAART. We conclude that (1) a significant proportion of chronically HIV-infected patients on HAART can generate strong HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity and (2) transient interruptions in antiviral treatment may prime or boost HIV-specific CD4+ T-helper responses.
The Effect of Positive Affect Induction via Metta Meditation on the Attentional Blink (2010)

The attentional blink (AB) is a reduced ability to detect a stimulus presented too quickly (~500ms) after a previously detected stimulus. Mindfulness meditation reduces the AB, and has been explained in terms of the altered attentional resource allocation skills of meditators (Slagter et al., 2007). However, mindfulness meditation also increases positive affect (Davidson et al., 2003), and positive affect has been shown to reduce the AB (Olivers &amp; Nieuwenhuis, 2006). Thus, a positive-affect focused meditation (Metta) may also reduce the AB. While brief practice of Metta meditation prior to engaging in an AB task failed to significantly reduce the AB, these results are useful in determining an approximate effect threshold, currently unknown with respect to meditation
On the Selection of Negative Examples for Hierarchical Text Categorization (2007)

Hierarchical text categorization (HTC) approaches have recently attracted a lot of interest on the part of researchers in human language technology and machine learning, since they have been shown to bring about equal, if not better, classification accuracy with respect to their “flat ” counterparts while allowing exponential time savings at both learning and classification time. A typical component of HTC methods is a “local ” policy for selecting negative examples: given a category c, its negative training examples are by default identified with the training examples that are negative for c and positive for the categories sibling to c in the hierarchy. However, this policy has always been taken for granted and never been subjected to careful scrutiny since first being proposed ten years ago. This paper proposes a thorough experimental comparison between this policy and three other policies for the selection of negative examples in HTC contexts, one of which (BESTLOCAL(k)) is being proposed for the first time in this paper. We compare these policies on the hierarchical versions of two among the most important classes of supervised learning algorithms, boosting and support vector machines, by performing experiments on two standard TC datasets, REUTERS-21578 and RCV1-V2. 1.
Experimental Chemonucleolysis With Chondroitinase ABC (1990)

Chemonucleolysis has recently become an established treatment for intervertebral disc protrusion. However, the exact mechanism of chemonucleolysis is still unknown. If mechanisms of chemonucleolysis include diminution of intradiscal pressure followed by subsequent regeneration of the nucleus pulposus, then a more selective enzyme for glycosaminoglycan, chondroitinase ABC, might be used for chemonucleolysis instead of chymopapain. Thus experimental chemonucleolysis with chondroitinase ABC compared with chymopapain was investigated. In rabbits, chondroitinase ABC is as effective for chemonucleolysis as chymopapain, but the chemonucleolysis process with chondroitinase ABC was milder than with chymopapain. At an early chemonucleolysis phase, chondroitinase ABC action was chiefly limited to digestion of the matrix, and a large number of cells in the nucleus pulposus remained. During long-term observations of chemonucleolysis with chondroitinase ABC, nuclear structure was restored to a nearly normal state. Although limited, this study indicates that chondroitinase ABC might be more suitable than chymopapain for chemonucleolysis.
Novel biomanufacturing platform for large-scale and high-quality human T cells production (2019)

The adoptive transfer of human T cells or genetically-engineered T cells with cancer-targeting receptors has shown tremendous promise for eradicating tumors in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to develop a novel T cell biomanufacturing platform using stirred-tank bioreactor for large-scale and high-quality cellular production. First, various factors, such as bioreactor parameters, media, supplements, stimulation, seed age, and donors, were investigated. A serum-free fed-batch bioproduction process was developed to achieve 1000-fold expansion within 8 days after first stimulation and another 500-fold expansion with second stimulation. Second, this biomanufacturing process was successfully scaled up in bioreactor with dilution factor of 10, and the robustness and reproducibility of the process was confirmed by the inclusion of different donors' T cells of various qualities. Finally, T cell quality was monitored using 12 surface markers and 3 intracellular cytokines as the critical quality assessment criteria in early, middle and late stages of cell production. In this study, a new biomanufacturing platform was created to produce reliable, reproducible, high-quality, and large-quantity (i.e. > 5 billion) human T cells in stirred-tank bioreactor. This platform is compatible with the production systems of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and other therapeutic cells, which provides not only the proof-of-concept but also the ready-to-use new approach of T cell expansion for clinical immune therapy.
Radiation-hard analog-to-digital converters for space and strategic applications (1985)

During the course of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's program to study radiation-hardened analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), numerous milestones have been reached in manufacturers' awareness and technology development and transfer, as well as in user awareness of these developments. The testing of ADCs has also continued with twenty different ADCs from seven manufacturers, all tested for total radiation dose and three tested for neutron effects. Results from these tests are reported.
Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows (2010)

Heat stress has an enormous economic impact on the global dairy industry, but the mechanisms by which hyperthermia negatively affect systemic physiology and milk synthesis are not clear. Study objectives were to evaluate production parameters and metabolic variables in lactating dairy cows during short-term heat stress or pair-fed conditions coupled with bST administration. Twenty-two multiparous Holstein cows were subjected to 3 experimental periods: 1) thermoneutral conditions with ad libitum intake for 7 d (P1); 2) heat stress (HS) with ad libitum intake (n=10) or pair-fed (PF) in thermoneutral conditions (n=12) for 7 d (P2), and 3) 7 d of HS or PF in conditions as described in P2 with recombinant bovine somatotropin administered on d 1 (P3). All cows received an intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) on d 5 of each period. Heat stress conditions were cyclical and temperatures ranged from 29.4 to 38.9 degrees C. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates increased during heat stress (38.6-40.4 degrees C and 44-89 breaths/min, respectively). Heat stress reduced dry matter intake by 30% and by design PF cows had similar intake reductions (28%). During heat stress and pair-feeding, milk yield decreased by 27.6% (9.6kg) and 13.9% (4.8kg), respectively, indicating that reduced feed intake accounted for only 50% of the decreased milk production. Milk yield increased with recombinant bovine somatotropin in both HS (9.7%) and PF (16.1%) cows. Cows in both groups were in positive energy balance (3.95 Mcal/d) during P1 but entered negative energy balance during P2 and P3 (-5.65 Mcal/d). Heat stress and pair-feeding treatments decreased (9.3%) basal glucose concentrations. Heat stress conditions had no effect on basal NEFA levels during P2; however, PF cows (despite a similar calculated energy balance) had a 2-fold increase in basal NEFA concentrations. Both groups had increased plasma urea nitrogen levels during P2 and P3 compared with P1. Basal insulin levels increased (37%) during P2 and P3 in HS cows but did not differ between periods in PF cows. During P2 and compared with P1, PF cows had a decreased rate of glucose disposal, whereas HS cows had a similar disposal rate following the GTT. During P2 and compared with P1, PF cows had a reduced insulin response whereas HS cows had a similar insulin response to the GTT. In summary, reduced nutrient intake accounted for only 50% of heat stress-induced decreases in milk yield, and feed intake-independent shifts in postabsorptive glucose and lipid homeostasis may contribute to the additional reduction in milk yield.
Safety of iron dextran in total parenteral nutrition: a case report. (1988)

Parenteral iron, in the form of intramuscular injection or intravenous infusion of iron dextran, is commonly used to treat iron deficiency. Constitutional symptoms, anaphylaxis, and rarely death are risks associated with the use of iron dextran for this purpose. However, iron supplementation of TPN solutions to meet daily requirements can be accomplished safely. We propose that iron dextran added to TPN is well tolerated by patients because the amounts employed are small and the infusion times are long. To illustrate, we present a case where rapid administration of parenteral iron was associated with allergic type symptoms. Inclusion of daily requirements of iron in the TPN solution prior to and subsequent to this reaction did not elicit symptoms.
Continuously Moving Over-The-Row Harvester for Tree Crops (1982)

ABSTRACT A continuously moving over-the-row harvester for tree crops was constructed and field tested. Automatic sequencing of a trunk shaker permitted shaking rates of over 200 trees/hour. Refinements in fruit handling and containerization systems will be needed to handle the large volume of fruit obtained with these shaking rates.
The effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy on gastric antral myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying in patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia (1999)

Disturbed gastric emptying and antral myoelectrical activity play roles in NUD. H. pylori-induced disturbed gastric emptying may cause some NUD symptoms. Gastric emptying and symptom scores are improved by H. pylori eradication therapy in NUD patients with disturbed gastric emptying; H. pylori eradication therapy is effective in H. pylori-positive NUD patients with disturbed gastric emptying.
A spectrophotometric method for the assay of pyrimidine 5′‐nucleotidase in human erythrocytes (1989)

A new spectrophotometric assay for human erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase using a continuous spectrophotometric method is described. The activity is detected by measuring uracil, which is produced by a coupled assay including cytidine deaminase and uridine nucleosidase. The results obtained with the continuous spectrophotometric method have been confirmed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. This procedure, not based upon inorganic phosphate formation and avoiding the use of radioactive material, offers significant advantages with respect to commonly adopted assays.
Development of Automatic Geofencing and Accidental Monitoring System Based on GPS Technology (2013)

The main objective of this project is to design and develop an embedded system for vehicle to detect the road accident for immediate medical help as well as for security purpose in theft prevention using single shock sensor. In case of accidental mode the system should inform automatically via text message to medical rescue team indicating the position of vehicle location. When there is no car driver, vehicle should automatically go into security mode. When a person tries to steal the vehicle, this system should send an alert message to the owner. The system Geo fencing and accidental monitoring system based on AT89S52 as a central core. This includes various technologies: a shock sensor, Liquid crystal display (LCD), Dual relay and wireless communication. This system also includes Geo fencing technology. Geo fencing enables the remote monitoring of predefined set of boundaries and automatic detect when vehicle exit from these areas.
Fullerene Production in Tons and More: From Science to Industry (2004)

Abstract In the last decade, application of fullerenes has been proposed actively in a wide range of areas, and recent developments suggest that many of those applications are to be practical technologies. However, there has been no large‐scale production enterprise for commercial usage of fullerenes. High production cost and limited availability of fullerenes have been the main obstacle in the development of the Fullerene Market. Improved flame‐based technology leads to the most feasible process for mass production of fullerenes, since it is a continuous process and uses inexpensive hydrocarbons as its starting materials. In May 2003, we started fullerene production in tons and more to supply fullerenes with reasonable price as practical materials for industries.
Neurosteroids block the increase in intracellular calcium level induced by Alzheimer&rsquo;s &beta;-amyloid protein in long-term cultured rat hippocampal neurons (2008)

The neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid protein (AbetaP) is implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. We previously have demonstrated that AbetaP forms Ca(2+)-permeable pores on neuronal membranes, causes a marked increase in intracellular calcium level, and leads to neuronal death. Here, we investigated in detail the features of AbetaP-induced changes in intracellular Ca(2+) level in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons using a multisite Ca(2+)-imaging system with fura-2 as a fluorescent probe. Only a small fraction of short-term cultured hippocampal neurons (ca 1 week in vitro) exhibited changes in intracellular Ca(2+) level after AbetaP exposure. However, AbetaP caused an acute increase in intracellular Ca(2+) level in long-term cultured neurons (ca 1 month in vitro). The responses to AbetaP were highly heterogeneous, and immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody to AbetaP revealed that AbetaP is deposited on some but not all neurons. Considering that the disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis is the primary event in AbetaP neurotoxicity, substances that protect neurons from an AbetaP-induced intracellular Ca(2+) level increase may be candidates as therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease. In line with the search for such protective substances, we found that the preadministration of neurosteroids including dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and pregnenolone significantly inhibits the increase in intracellular calcium level induced by AbetaP. Our results suggest the possible significance of neurosteroids, whose levels are reduced in the elderly, in preventing AbetaP neurotoxicity.
Worst deterministic pattern allocation: a viable approach to attain statistical gain in ATM (2002)

The paper deals with a novel strategy for connection admission control in ATM networks. This strategy, called worst deterministic pattern allocation (WDPA), aims at reaping statistical gain of ATM, through a simple and controllable bandwidth allocation. WDPA is based on the concept of constraining information sources to emit their cells according to a superimposed deterministic pattern. This forced regularity is exploited in order to easily control the cell transfer within the network. Practically, WDPA establishes the worst emission pattern of the source. Resource allocation is performed taking into account only the parameters of the declared deterministic pattern. The same allocation rule is utilized in every network section. Application of WDPA to a large class of switching structures with output buffers is also discussed and its compatibility with this architecture is demonstrated. The presented performance study aims at evaluating the impact of the shaping on the original source cell stream and at determining general criteria for the choice of the deterministic pattern parameters. Finally, the authors compare the efficiency resulting from application of WDPA with that relevant to peak rate, mean rate and an ideal statistical allocation strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>