gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lowly Expressed Ribosomal Protein S19 in the Feces of Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2012)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most common fatal cancers. CRC tumorigenesis is a complex process involving multiple genetic changes to several sequential mutations or molecular alterations. P53 is one of the most significant genes; its mutations account for more than half of all CRC. Therefore, understanding the cellular genes that are directly or indirectly related to p53 is particularly crucial for investigating CRC tumorigenesis. In this study, a p53-related ribosomal protein, ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), obtained from the feces of CRC patients is evaluated by using specifically quantitative real-time PCR and knocked down in the colonic cell line by gene silencing. This study found that CRC patients with higher expressions of RPS19 in their feces had a better prognosis and consistent expressions of RPS19 and BAX in their colonic cells. In conclusion, the potential mechanism of RPS19 in CRC possibly involves cellular apoptosis through the BAX/p53 pathway, and the levels of fecal RPS19 may function as a prognostic predictor for CRC patients.
A Smectic a Phase of Positive and Negative Dielectric Anisotropy (1978)

Abstract A smectic A phase exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy at low frequency and negative dielectric anisotropy at high frequency of applied field has been found for the first time.
Figure of merit of <scp>X</scp>‐type hexaferrite (<scp>B</scp>a<sub>2</sub><scp>C</scp>o<sub>2</sub><scp>F</scp>e<sub>28</sub><scp>O</scp><sub>46</sub>) for mobile antenna applications (2018)

Abstract We report a Ba 2 Co 2 Fe 28 O 46 (Co 2 X) hexaferrite, which has a high figure of merit (FOM = μ′ /tan δ μ ) over the frequency range from 800 MHz to 1 GHz. The Co 2 X hexaferrite was prepared by the conventional solid‐state reaction. The calcined and sintered Co 2 X hexaferrites were characterized with a vibrating sample magnetometer and an impedance analyzer for their static and dynamic magnetic properties. The sintered Co 2 X hexaferrite shows 67.3 emu/g of saturation magnetization, 10.5 kOe of anisotropy field, and 0.03 of low magnetic loss tangent with relatively high permeability of 2.07 at 1 GHz, resulting in FOM of 69. This is the highest FOM among the reported microwave magnetic materials over the frequency range from 800 MHz to 1 GHz, which has not been previously reported. Therefore, the developed Co 2 X hexaferrite is suitable for antenna applications at the low‐frequency bands of mobile wireless communications.
Improved high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of 12 cytotoxic caged xanthones in gamboges, a potential anticancer resin from <i>Garcinia hanburyi</i> (2008)

The potential anti-tumor activity of gamboges, a herbal medicine derived from Garcinia hanburyi, has increasingly gained the interest of scientist worldwide. The major components of gamboges are cytotoxic caged xanthones. In the present study, an improved HPLC method was developed to simultaneously quantify 12 caged xanthones, including three pairs of epimers and four pairs of trans-cis isomers, i.e. forbesione, isomorellic acid, morellic acid, R-30-hydroxygambogic acid, S-30-hydroxygambogic acid, isogambogenic acid, gambogenic acid, gambogellic acid, R-isogambogic acid, S-isogambogic acid, R-gambogic acid and S-gambogic acid. This method was validated to be sensitive, precise and accurate with limits of detection of 0.03-0.08 microg/mL, overall intra-day and inter-day variations less than 7.9% and overall recovery over 93.2%. The correlation coefficients (r(2)) of the calibration curves were higher than 0.995 for all analytes. The newly established method was successfully applied to reveal the difference in the chemical profiles and contents of these analytes in gamboges from different origins. It can be concluded that this method was not only an effective quality control method to ensure the safety and efficacy consistency of gamboges, but also a useful tool for screening and determining more potent cytotoxic xanthones with potential anticancer activity.
Efficiently Synchronized Spread‐Spectrum Audio Watermarking with Improved Psychoacoustic Model (2008)

This paper presents an audio watermarking scheme which is based on an efficiently synchronized spread‐spectrum technique and a new psychoacoustic model computed using the discrete wavelet packet transform. The psychoacoustic model takes advantage of the multiresolution analysis of a wavelet transform, which closely approximates the standard critical band partition. The goal of this model is to include an accurate time‐frequency analysis and to calculate both the frequency and temporal masking thresholds directly in the wavelet domain. Experimental results show that this watermarking scheme can successfully embed watermarks into digital audio without introducing audible distortion. Several common watermark attacks were applied and the results indicate that the method is very robust to those attacks.
P‐4: Effects of Surface Polarity on Nematic Liquid Crystal Alignment (2014)

Abstract Alignment of liquid crystal molecules on a polymer substrate depend on various molecular interactions at the interface between liquid crystal and substrate, such as dispersion forces, dipolar interactions, steric interactions, hydrogen bonding, and physical interactions due to distortion of orientation field of liquid crystals by grooved surface of the substrate. Among these interactions, dispersion force is regarded as a long‐range interaction and other interactions are regarded as short‐range interactions which do not extend beyond a few tens of angstrom. The homeotropic alignment mechanisms for nematic liquid crystals were studied on oxygen plasma treated glass substrates. The homogenous alignment was obtained for positive nematic liquid crystals whereas the homeotropic alignment for negative liquid crystals. Our studies provide experimental evidences showing that there is competing forces to determine the orientation of liquid crystals, and alignment can be controlled by adjusting the substrate polarity. Relations between anchoring transition of liquid crystals and the polarity of substrates were studied by observing liquid crystal alignment directions using polarized optical microscopy, conoscope, and FTIR spectroscopy. These studies provide experimental evidences showing that short‐range dipolar interactions and long‐range van der Waals interactions competitively control the orientation of the LC director.
<title>Manufacturing of smart structures using fiber placement manufacturing processes</title> (1995)

Smart structures research and development, with the ultimate aim of rapid commercial and military production of these structures, are at the forefront of the Synthesis and Processing of Intelligent Cost-Effective Structures (SPICES) program. As part of this ARPA-sponsored program, MDA-E is using fiber placement processes to manufacture integrated smart structure systems. These systems comprise advanced composite structures with embedded fiber optic sensors, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric actuators, and miniature accelerometers. Cost-effective approaches and solutions to smart material synthesis in the fiber-placement process, based upon integrated product development, are discusses herein.
Thin-Film Transistors and Circuits Based on Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

Carbon nanotubes are actively studied for thin-film transistor and electronics applications. Although these nanomaterials were first considered as potential candidates for the replacement of Si MOS type transistors in VLSI circuits, their main field of application is shifting towards large area electronics on flexible, plastic-type substrates, a domain which is at present, less demanding in terms of device dimensions and integration density. In particular, random networks of carbon nanotubes, which can be obtained by solution-processing or grown at low temperature, represent an attractive and viable option for the fabrication of electronic circuitry on non-refractory substrates. This paper briefly reviews some recent advances in the field, highlighting realisations beyond the fabrication of simple transistors.
6J-3 Design of Test Modules for the Characterization of SAW Duplexer Inserts by Measurement (2006)

Due to the growing demand for miniaturization and functionality of modern mobile W-CDMA terminals, current developments for integrating SAW or FBAR duplexers into subsystems such as LTCC front-end modules by means of duplexer inserts have been reported recently. We will present the first approach to our knowledge to design test modules for the characterization of SAW duplexer inserts by measurement. The main goal is to characterize the duplexer insert in the environment of an LTCC module without the influence of the other active or passive, mounted or integrated components of the module. This can be achieved by replacing all components, including all metal structures of the LTCC module, with the exception of the duplexer insert, by electrically neutral connections. They have to be well designed for high isolation between the signal paths and have to be optimized for good matching between the PCB and the module. This was realized by using a modified stripline with a slotted ground, which offers both the required high isolation and the required impedance of 50 Omega. Additionally, the PCB-module transition was designed carefully for low reflections. We call the combination of duplexer inserts and neutral connections a test module. By focusing on the design approach of the neutral connection, we will present first samples of test modules with duplexer inserts for W-CDMA 1900
One-Shot Neural Architecture Search Through A Posteriori Distribution Guided Sampling. (2019)

The emergence of one-shot approaches has greatly advanced the research on neural architecture search (NAS). Recent approaches train an over-parameterized super-network (one-shot model) and then sample and evaluate a number of sub-networks, which inherit weights from the one-shot model. The overall searching cost is significantly reduced as training is avoided for sub-networks. However, the network sampling process is casually treated and the inherited weights from an independently trained super-network perform sub-optimally for sub-networks. In this paper, we propose a novel one-shot NAS scheme to address the above issues. The key innovation is to explicitly estimate the joint a posteriori distribution over network architecture and weights, and sample networks for evaluation according to it. This brings two benefits. First, network sampling under the guidance of a posteriori probability is more efficient than conventional random or uniform sampling. Second, the network architecture and its weights are sampled as a pair to alleviate the sub-optimal weights problem. Note that estimating the joint a posteriori distribution is not a trivial problem. By adopting variational methods and introducing a hybrid network representation, we convert the distribution approximation problem into an end-to-end neural network training problem which is neatly approached by variational dropout. As a result, the proposed method reduces the number of sampled sub-networks by orders of magnitude. We validate our method on the fundamental image classification task. Results on Cifar-10, Cifar-100 and ImageNet show that our method strikes the best trade-off between precision and speed among NAS methods. On Cifar-10, we speed up the searching process by 20x and achieve a higher precision than the best network found by existing NAS methods.
Relay Scheduling in the Half-Duplex Gaussian Parallel Relay Channel (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This study investigates the problem of communication for a network composed of two half-duplex parallel relays with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). There is no direct link between the source and the destination. However, the relays can communicate with each other through the channel between them. Two protocols, i.e., <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">simultaneous</emphasis> and <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">successive</emphasis> relaying, associated with two possible relay schedulings are proposed. The simultaneous relaying protocol is based on the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">Broadcast-Multiaccess with Common Message (BCM)</emphasis> scheme considered in <citerefgrp><citeref refid="ref34"/></citerefgrp>. For the successive relaying protocol: (i) a <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">non-cooperative</emphasis> scheme based on the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">Dirty Paper Coding (DPC)</emphasis> and (ii) a <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">cooperative</emphasis> scheme based on the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">Block Markov Encoding (BME)</emphasis> are considered. The composite scheme of employing BME in <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">at most</emphasis> one relay and DPC in <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">at least</emphasis> another one is also proposed. It is proved that this scheme achieves at least the same rate when compared to the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">cooperative</emphasis> and <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">non-cooperative</emphasis> schemes for the Gaussian case. A <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">Simultaneous-Successive Relaying based on Dirty Paper Coding scheme (SSRD)</emphasis> is also proposed. The optimum scheduling of the relays, and hence the capacity of the half-duplex Gaussian parallel relay channel in the low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios, is derived. In the low SNR scenario, it is revealed that under certain conditions for the channel coefficients the ratio of the achievable rate of the simultaneous relaying based on BCM to the cut-set bound tends to be 1. On the other hand, as SNR goes to infinity it is proved that successive relaying, based on the DPC, asymptotically achieves the capacity of the network. </para>
Using Virtual Reality to Teach Disability Awareness (2002)

A desktop virtual reality (VR) program was designed and evaluated to teach children about the accessibility and attitudinal barriers encountered by their peers with mobility impairments. Within this software, children sitting in a virtual wheelchair experience obstacles such as stairs, narrow doors, objects too high to reach, and attitudinal barriers such as inappropriate comments. Using a collaborative research methodology, 15 youth with mobility impairments assisted in developing and beta-testing the software. The effectiveness of the program was then evaluated with 60 children in Grades 4–6 using a controlled pretest/posttest design. The results indicated that the program was effective for increasing children's knowledge of accessibility barriers. Attitudes, grade level, familiarity with individuals with a disability, and gender were also investigated.
Biochemical and Enzymatic Characterization of Human Kallikrein 5 (hK5), a Novel Serine Protease Potentially Involved in Cancer Progression (2005)

Human kallikrein 5 (KLK5) is a member of the human kallikrein gene family of serine proteases. Preliminary results indicate that the protein, hK5, may be a potential serological marker for breast and ovarian cancer. Other studies implicate hK5 with skin desquamation and skin diseases. To gain further insights on hK5 physiological functions, we studied its substrate specificity, the regulation of its activity by various inhibitors, and identified candidate physiological substrates. After producing and purifying recombinant hK5 in yeast, we determined the k(cat)/K(m) ratio of the fluorogenic substrates Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC and Gly-Pro-Lys-AMC, and showed that it has trypsin-like activity with strong preference for Arg over Lys in the P1 position. The serpins alpha(2)-antiplasmin and antithrombin were able to inhibit hK5 with an inhibition constant (k(+2)/K(i)) of 1.0 x 10(-) (2)and 4.2 x 10(-4) m(-1) min(-1), respectively. No inhibition was observed with the serpins alpha(1)-antitrypsin and alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin, although alpha(2)-macroglobulin partially inhibited hK5 at high concentrations. We also demonstrated that hK5 can efficiently digest the extracellular matrix components, collagens type I, II, III, and IV, fibronectin, and laminin. Furthermore, our results suggest that hK5 can potentially release (a) angiostatin 4.5 from plasminogen, (b) "cystatin-like domain 3" from low molecular weight kininogen, and (c) fibrinopeptide B and peptide beta15-42 from the Bbeta chain of fibrinogen. hK5 could also play a role in the regulation of the binding of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 to vitronectin. Our findings suggest that hK5 may be implicated in tumor progression, particularly in invasion and angiogenesis, and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
Shaping pension reform in Poland : security through diversity (1999)

All over the world, pension systems have financing difficulties that need to be addressed. There are three ways of dealing with pension systems problems - finance it to a greater extent from general revenues, rationalize the system, or a full-fledged reform. After several years of political and professional discussions, Poland decided to follow the latter path and introduced a new defined contribution multipillar system, consisting of a public National Defined Contribution, pay-as-you-go first pillar, a funded private second pillar, and voluntary funded third pillar. The new framework covers only retirement savings, while other benefits still remain under the old defined-benefit pay-as-you-go regime. The reform was launched on January 1, 1999. This paper presents the current situation of the pension system, the struggle for pension reform in the 1990s, structure, the long-term outlook of the new pension system and the main aspects of the system design as well as first experiences from the implementation process. Long-term projection show that the new system allows for greater financial stability of the public pension scheme and increases the savings rate with a positive impact on economic growth.
Doppler estimation using a coherent ultrawide-band random noise radar (2000)

The University of Nebraska has developed an ultrawide-band (UWB) coherent random noise radar operating over the 1-2 GHz frequency range. The system achieves phase coherence by using heterodyne correlation of the received signal with a time-delayed frequency-shifted replica of the transmit waveform. Knowledge of the phase of the received signal and its time dependence due to target motion permits the extraction of the mean Doppler frequency from which the target speed can be inferred. Theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and laboratory measurements using a microwave delay line showed that it was possible to estimate the Doppler frequency from targets with linear as well as rotational motion. Field measurements using a photonic delay line demonstrated the success of this technique at a range of about 200 m at target speeds of up to 9 m/s. Analysis shows that the accuracy with which the Doppler frequency can be estimated depends not only on the phase performance of various components within the system, but also upon the random nature and bandwidth (BW) of the transmit waveform, and the characteristics of unsteady target motion.
A new LDD transistor with inverse-T gate structure (1987)

A new submicrometer inverse-T lightly doped drain (ITLDD) transistor structure for alleviating hot-electron effects is demonstrated. A thin extension of the polysilicon gate under the oxide sidewall spacer is formed, giving the gate cross section the appearance of an inverted letter T. Due to the unique self-aligned n+ T-to-gate feature facilitated by the conducting polysilicon extension, the "spacer-induced degradation" existing in a conventional LDD transistor is eliminated in ITLDD devices. This allows the use of low n- LDD doses for optimum channel electric field reduction and minimum post-implant drive-in for future VLSI compatibility. Submicrometer ITLDD transistors with good transconductance and hot-electron reliability have been achieved. The new ITLDD transistor offers a promising device structure for future VLSI applications.
NMDA-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup>Influx Drives Aberrant Ryanodine Receptor Activation in Dendrites of Young Alzheimer's Disease Mice (2010)

Deficits in synaptic function, particularly through NMDA receptors (NMDARs), are linked to late-stage cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). At earlier disease stages, however, there is evidence for altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium signaling in human cases and in neurons from AD mouse models. Despite the fundamental importance of calcium to synaptic function, neither the extent of ER calcium dysregulation in dendrites nor its interaction with synaptic function in AD pathophysiology is known. Identifying the mechanisms underlying early synaptic calcium dysregulation in AD pathogenesis is likely a key component to understanding, and thereby preventing, the synapse loss and downstream cognitive impairments. Using two-photon calcium imaging, flash photolysis of caged glutamate, and patch-clamp electrophysiology in cortical brain slices, we examined interactions between synaptically and ER-evoked calcium release at glutamatergic synapses in young AD transgenic mice. We found increased ryanodine receptor-evoked calcium signals within dendritic spine heads, dendritic processes, and the soma of pyramidal neurons from 3xTg-AD and TAS/TPM AD mice relative to NonTg controls. In addition, synaptically evoked postsynaptic calcium responses were larger in the AD strains, as were calcium signals generated from NMDAR activation. However, calcium responses triggered by back-propagating action potentials were not different. Concurrent activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) with either synaptic or NMDAR stimulation generated a supra-additive calcium response in the AD strains, suggesting an aberrant calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) effect within spines and dendrites. We propose that presenilin-linked disruptions in RyR signaling and subsequent CICR via NMDAR-mediated calcium influx alters synaptic function and serves as an early pathogenic factor in AD.
Fungistatic mechanism of human transferrin for Rhizopus oryzae and Trichophyton mentagrophytes: alternative to simple iron deprivation (1983)

Human serum, human transferrin (TF), and the iron chelator 1,10-phenanthroline (OP) produce iron-reversible fungistatic activity which has been attributed to simple iron deprivation. In this study, the influence of the size of the inoculum on the inhibitory activity of serum, TF, and OP prepared with the same iron-binding capacity (2.5 micrograms/ml) for Rhizopus oryzae and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was examined. Inhibition was monitored in liquid microcultures maintained at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 to 7.5 by measuring the change in absorbance density. Increasing the number of spores in the inoculum disrupted the fungistatic activity of serum and TF, but not that of OP. The dilution at which OP lost fungistatic activity was not affected by the number of spores in the inoculum and was the same for both fungi. The dilution at which TF and serum lost fungistatic activity was dependent upon both the quantity of the inoculum and the species of fungus. The number of viable spores, rather than the total number of spores in the inoculum, was determined to be important in overcoming the inhibition of fungal growth by serum and TF. The fungistatic activity of serum and TF could be diminished by the preexposure of the serum to viable but nongrowing spores. Direct and indirect fluorescence studies indicated that both T. mentagrophytes and R. oryzae absorbed TF. Glucose uptake by R. oryzae was inhibited by a 4-h exposure to 5.0 to 0.15 mg of apotransferrin per ml. These results suggest that the fungistatic activity of TF for R. oryzae and T. mentagrophytes may not be attributable to simple iron deprivation and raise the possibility of a requirement for a direct interaction.