gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Odor Analysis of Pinot Noir Wines from Grapes of Different Maturities by a Gas Chromatography‐Olfactometry Technique (Osme) (1992)

ABSTRACT Pinot noir character varies significantly with vintage and with maturity within a given vintage. Our objective was to use a gas chromatography‐olfactometry technique (Osme) to compare odor profiles of Pinot noir wines from grapes harvested at different maturities, during 1987 and 1988. Odor profiles of Pinot noir wines from those years were very different from each other with only 4 odor‐active peaks common to both vintages. Wines made with grapes harvested at the end of the ripening period had more odor‐active peaks than wines from earlier harvested fruit. The 1988 wines had more odor‐active peaks than the 1987 wines.
Signal processing system to extract serum bilirubin concentration from diffuse reflectance spectrum of human skin (2009)

Neonatal jaundice is a medical condition which occurs in newborns as a result of an imbalance between the production and elimination of bilirubin. Excess bilirubin in the blood stream diffuses into the surrounding tissue leading to a yellowing of the skin. The extra-vascular bilirubin act as interfering signal that limits the estimation of serum bilirubin from reflectance spectrum of human skin. This is particularly an issue for neonates who are being subjected to phototherapy (a common treatment for neonatal jaundice). Unfortunately, analytical models developed to study the light transport in human skin do not consider the effects of extra-vascular bilirubin (and other absorbing chromophores). A biomedical signal processing method that estimates serum bilirubin in presence of confounding signals such as melanin and extra-vascular bilirubin concentrations is presented. The new system model and nonlinear solver have been successful in estimating the serum bilirubin concentration on simulated spectral databases within an average error of 15%.
Comparative expression of the SPARC and stromelysin-3 genes in mammary tumours (1996)

By differential screening of a human breast cancer cDNA library, we have isolated a cDNA which encodes SPARC (osteonectin/BM40), a secreted glycoprotein which modulates cell-matrix interactions. The SPARC gene was found to be expressed in all invasive human breast carcinomas, metastatic lymph nodes and mouse mammary tumours that were examined. In these tumours SPARC transcripts were specifically detected in fibroblastic cells in the stroma surrounding cancer cell islands. In human carcinomas, but not in mouse mammary tumours, a subset of cells expressing the SPARC gene also expressed the stromelysin-3 gene, which encodes a matrix metalloproteinase. These observations support the concept that the stromal component of human breast carcinomas is a major source of extracellular proteins and may be involved in the modulation of tumour progression. Future approaches to cancer treatment should include attempts to interfere with the formation and/or functioning of tumour stroma.
Nanophase materials by hydrothermal, microwave- hydrothermal and microwave-solvothermal methods (2003)

Hydrothermal, microwave-hydrothermal and microwave-solvothermal methods are truly low temperature methods for the prearation of nanophase materials of different sizes and shapes. These methods save energy and are environmentally benign because the reactions take place in closed system conditions. The nanophase materials can be produced in either a batch or co ntinuous process using the above methods. Oxide materials such as zirconia, titania and various spinel ferrites and metals such as Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, etc . of different sizes and shapes were crystallized in our lab oratory using the hydrothermal, microwave-hydrothermal and microwave-solvothermal methods. The key novelty of our work is the use of microwave -assisted reactions to dramatically enhance the kinetics of crystallizati on by one to two orders of magnitude.
A Self-Mixing Displacement Sensor With Fringe-Loss Compensation for Harmonic Vibrations (2010)

The disappearance of self-mixing fringes in the moderate feedback regime decreases the displacement measurement accuracy. The proposed method detects and compensates the fringe-loss, to limit the error to around 40 nm for micrometer range harmonic amplitude displacements. Moreover, it can also treat arbitrary displacements without any time-consuming optimization procedure and is suitable for implementation in a real-time displacement sensor.
Design and Implementation of Internal Multi-band Folded Monopole Antenna for Mobile Station (2011)

In this paper, we designed and implemented an internal multi-band folded monopole antenna for mobile handset. The proposed antenna covers Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM900: 880~960 MHz), Digital Communications System (DCS: 1710~1880 MHz), US-Personal Communications Service (US-PCS: 1850~1990 MHz), Bluetooth(2400~2484 MHz), WiMAX(3400~3600 MHz), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN: 5150~5350 MHz, 5725~5875 MHz) band for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio <TEX>$(VSWR)\;{\le}\; 3$</TEX>. The measured peak gains of the implemented antenna are -1.78dBi at 920MHz, 2.72dBi at 1795MHz, 2.25dBi at 1920MHz, 2.34dBi at 2442MHz, 2.11 dBi at 3550MHz, and 2.04 dBi at 5250MHz.
PD-L1 blockade effectively restores strong graft-versus-leukemia effects without graft-versus-host disease after delayed adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor gene-engineered allogeneic CD8+ T cells (2010)

Adoptive transfer (AT) of T cells forced to express tumor-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) genes is an attractive strategy to direct autologous T-cell immunity against tumor-associated antigens. However, clinical effectiveness has been hampered by limited in vivo persistence. We investigated whether the use of major histocompatibility complex-mismatched T cells would prolong the in vivo persistence of tumor-reactive TCR gene expressing T cells by continuous antigen-driven proliferation via the endogenous potentially alloreactive receptor. Donor-derived CD8(+) T cells engineered to express a TCR against a leukemia-associated antigen mediated strong graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects with reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) severity when given early after transplantation. AT later after transplantation resulted in a complete loss of GVL. Loss of function was associated with reduced expansion of TCR-transduced T cells as assessed by CDR3 spectratyping analysis and PD-1 up-regulation on T cells in leukemia-bearing recipients. PD-L1 blockade in allogeneic transplant recipients largely restored the GVL efficacy without triggering GVHD, whereas no significant antileukemia effects of PD-L1 blockade were observed in syngeneic controls. These data suggest a clinical approach in which the AT of gene-modified allogeneic T cells early after transplantation can provide a potent GVL effect without GVHD, whereas later AT is effective only with concurrent PD-L1 blockade.
Effects of Chain Length on the Mechanism and Rates of Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of<i>n</i>-Alkanes (2016)

C–C cleavage in C2–C10 n-alkanes involves quasi-equilibrated C–H activation steps to form dehydrogenated intermediates on surfaces saturated with H atoms. These reactions are inhibited by H2 to similar extents for C–C bonds of similar substitution in all acyclic and cyclic alkanes and, thus, show similar kinetic dependences on H2 pressure. Yet, turnover rates depend sensitively on chain length because of differences in activation enthalpies (ΔH⧧) and entropies (ΔS⧧) whose mechanistic origins remain unclear. Density functional theory (DFT) estimates of ΔH⧧ and ΔG⧧ for C–C cleavage via >150 plausible elementary steps for propane and n-butane reactants on Ir show that hydrogenolysis occurs via α,β-bound RC*–C*R′⧧ transition states (R = H, CxH2x+1) in which two H atoms are removed from each C*. Calculated ΔH⧧ values decrease with increasing alkane chain length (C2–C8), consistent with experiment, because attractive van der Waals interactions with surfaces preferentially stabilize larger transition states. A concomitant increase in ΔS⧧, evident from experiments, is not captured by periodic DFT methods, which treat low-frequency vibrational modes inaccurately, but statistical mechanics treatments describe such effects well for RC*–C*R⧧ species, as previously reported. These findings, together with parallel studies of the cleavage of more substituted C–C bonds in branched and cyclic alkanes, account for the reasons that chain length and substitution influence ΔH⧧ and ΔS⧧ values and the dependence of rates on H2 pressure and consequently explain differences in hydrogenolysis reactivities and selectivities across all alkanes.
ICAM-1–Dependent Homotypic Aggregates Regulate CD8 T Cell Effector Function and Differentiation during T Cell Activation (2013)

A hallmark of T cell activation in vitro and in vivo is the clustering of T cells with each other via interaction of the LFA-1 integrin with ICAM-1. The functional significance of these homotypic aggregates in regulating T cell function remains unknown. We used an APC-free in vitro activation system to demonstrate that stimulation of purified naive CD8 T cells results in enhanced expression of ICAM-1 on T cells that is sustained by the inflammatory cytokine IL-12 and associated with robust T cell aggregates. ICAM-1-deficient CD8 T cells proliferate normally but demonstrate a striking failure to aggregate. Interestingly, loss of ICAM-1 expression results in elevated levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B, as well as enhanced cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained when anti-LFA-1 Ab was used to block the clustering of wild-type T cells. ICAM-1 ligation is not required for IFN-γ regulation, as clustering of ICAM-1-deficient CD8 T cells with wild-type T cells reduces IFN-γ expression. Analysis using a fluorescent reporter that monitors TCR signal strength indicates that T cell clustering limits T cell exposure to Ag during activation. Furthermore, T cell clustering promotes the upregulation of the CTLA-4 inhibitory receptor and the downregulation of eomesodermin, which controls effector molecule expression. Activation of ICAM-1-deficient CD8 T cells in vivo results in an enhanced percentage of KLRG-1(+) T cells indicative of short-lived effectors. These results suggest that T cell clustering represents a mechanism that allows continued proliferation but regulates T cell effector function and differentiation.
The chemical properties of buckminsterfullerene (C60) and the birth and infancy of fulleroids (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemical properties of buckminsterfullerene (C60) and the birth and infancy of fulleroidsFred WudlCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 3, 157–161Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00015a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00015a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2516Altmetric-Citations507LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resistivity Anomaly Near Room Temperature of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Related Oxides as Created by the Surface Effect of Water (1987)

A number of papers have recently reported the possible presence of superconductivity near room temperature in Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide and related materials, based mainly on resistivity measurements. Close examinations of the electrode contacts during resistivity measurements in the present study showed that similar resistivity anomalies could be reproducibly observed when the specimen surface was wet. The anomaly turned out to be related with artifacts of the electrode contacts which resulted from the reaction of the specimen surface with water, creating electrochemical current paths between the electrodes.
Rescue of fragile X syndrome phenotypes in <i>Fmr1</i> KO mice by the small-molecule PAK inhibitor FRAX486 (2013)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of autism and intellectual disability and is caused by the silencing of a single gene, fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1). The Fmr1 KO mouse displays phenotypes similar to symptoms in the human condition--including hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, and seizures--as well as analogous abnormalities in the density of dendritic spines. Here we take a hypothesis-driven, mechanism-based approach to the search for an effective therapy for FXS. We hypothesize that a treatment that rescues the dendritic spine defect in Fmr1 KO mice may also ameliorate autism-like behavioral symptoms. Thus, we targeted a protein that regulates spines through modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics: p21-activated kinase (PAK). Our results demonstrate that a potent small molecule inhibitor of group I PAKs reverses dendritic spine phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice. Moreover, this PAK inhibitor--which we call FRAX486--also rescues seizures and behavioral abnormalities such as hyperactivity and repetitive movements, thereby supporting the hypothesis that a drug treatment that reverses the spine abnormalities can also treat neurological and behavioral symptoms. Finally, a single administration of FRAX486 is sufficient to rescue all of these phenotypes in adult Fmr1 KO mice, demonstrating the potential for rapid, postdiagnostic therapy in adults with FXS.
Overview of the TREC 2003 Novelty Track (2003)

The novelty track was first introduced in TREC 2002.Given a TREC topic and an ordered list of documents, systems must find the relevant and novelsentences that should be returned to the user from this set. This task integrates aspects of passage re-trieval and information filtering. This year, rather than using old TREC topics and documents, we de-veloped fifty new topics specifically for the novelty track. These topics were of two classes: &quot;events&quot;and &quot;opinions&quot;. Additionally, the documents were ordered chronologically, rather than according to aretrieval status value. There were four tasks which provided systems with varying amounts of relevanceor novelty information as training data. Fourteen groups participated in the track this year.
Numerical investigations of stress shielding in total hip prostheses (2008)

Aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is still a problem in artificial joint implants. The loosening can be caused by, among other factors, resorption of the bone surrounding the prosthesis owing to stress shielding. In order to find out the influence of the prosthesis type on post-operative stress shielding, a static finite element analysis of a femur provided with the conventional uncemented stem BICONTACT and of one with the femoral neck prosthesis SPIRON was carried out. Strain energy densities and maximal principal strain distributions were calculated and compared with the physiological situation. Here, stress shielding was demonstrated in both periprosthetic femora. To determine the areas of the stress shielding, the bone in each FE model was subdivided into three regions of interest (ROI): proximal, diaphyseal, and distal. The numerical computations show stress shielding in the proximal ROI of both periprosthetic femora. Diaphyseally, the femoral neck prosthesis SPIRON, in contrast to the conventional uncemented long-stem prosthesis BICONTACT, causes no decrease in the strain distribution and thus no stress shielding. Distally, no change in the load distribution of either periprosthetic femur could be found, compared with the physiological situation.
Grey level to RGB using YCbCr color space Technique (2016)

Converting color images to grayscale is used for various reasons, like for reproducing on monochrome devices, subsequent processing. Each pixel in color image is described by a triple (R, G, B) of intensities like red, green, and blue. But how do you map that to a single value i.e. grayscale value. There are three methods to convert it. Average, Luminosity, Lightness. Different color models are used for different applications such as computer graphics, image processing, TV broadcasting, and computer vision. But still now there is no particular method for converting of grayscale to color image. In this paper a new approach was introduce to convert the grayscale image to color by using an YCbCr color space technique. Simulation results are presented to show how this approach is used to convert the grayscale to color image.
Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin supplementation intensifies plantaris muscle fiber hypertrophy in functionally overloaded mice (2017)

EMIQ, even when administered as an addition to whey protein supplementation, significantly intensified the fiber hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle in functionally overloaded mice. EMIQ supplementation also induced fiber hypertrophy of the plantaris in sham-operated mice.
A novel nontoxic alkyl-phospholipid with selective antitumor activity, plasmanyl-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine (PNAE), isolated from degenerating chick embryonal tissues and from an anticancer biopreparation cACPL. (1986)

A novel alkyl-phospholipid with selective antitumor activity was isolated from an anticancer biopreparation cACPL (crude anticancer phospholipids) and from tissues of degenerating chick embryos. The alkyl-phospholipid was isolated and purified by chromatographic methods using silicic acid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The chemical structure of the alkyl-phospholipid was characterized by thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the degradation products after enzymatic digestion with phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus and with phospholipase D, by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectrum, and mass spectrometric analysis. The alkyl-phospholipid was identified as 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine, i.e. plasmanyl-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine (PNAE), the main molecular species being 1-O-octadecyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(N-palmitoyl)-ethanol-amine. PNAE exhibits a selective cytolytic effect on human tumor cells HEp-2, HeLa and T24 in tissue cultures at the concentration of 25 micrograms PNAE per ml and 66-98% inhibition of DNA synthesis in the human tumor cells at concentration as low as 2.5 micrograms/ml, but it does not inhibit at a 50-fold higher concentration the DNA synthesis and normal growth of human fibroblasts (cell line LEP). PNAE represents the main biologically active antitumor component of the cACPL biopreparation and exhibits a significant antitumor effect in vivo in B10/An mice bearing Mc11 fibrosarcoma. Possible molecular mechanism of the selective antitumor activity of PNAE is discussed, involving the selective disturbance of phospholipid metabolism in tumor cells, leading to progressive destruction of tumor cell membranes. The fact that PNAE is nontoxic and selectively active against tumor cells at nanomolar concentrations in vitro as well as in vivo, indicates the possibility of its clinical use. PNAE and cACPL biopreparation might provide a very useful new tool for human anticancer chemotherapy.
Rapid microfluidic separation of magnetic beads through dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis (2009)

We present the design and fabrication of a new microfluidic device in which the dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis phenomena were used for the separation of the superparamagnetic microbeads of different sizes. By exploiting the fact that two different particles can exhibit different dielectrophoretic force-frequency spectra, we utilize this device to perform multiplex detection from a single sample solution. We found the transition frequency range for 1, 2.8, and 4.5 microm magnetic beads using our device. Bead-based analysis revealed that a high separation efficiency ( approximately 90%) could be obtained from a single sample solution containing both 4.5 and 2.8 microm beads. The average flow velocity of the beads was maintained at 9.8 mm/s, enabling fast analysis with a smaller amount of reagents. The magnetic field distribution on the beads and the bead flow at the channel cross section for different dielectrophoretic conditions was obtained using CFD-ACE(+) simulation. Issues relating to the fabrication and operation of the device are discussed in detail. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of parallel detection/trapping of different beads on the same chip. This separation approach offers the performance of multiplex analysis in lab-on-a-chip devices.
Investigation of Benzimidazoles. 5—transmission of the substituent effects in 2‐substituted 5(6)‐nitrobenzimidazoles studied by <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N NMR spectroscopy (1985)

Abstract The influence of substituents on the 1 H, 13 C and 15 N NMR chemical shifts of 2‐substituted 5(6)‐nitrobenzimidazoles and their analogues labelled with 15 N in the nitro group was investigated. It was found that the substituent effects are transmitted to the carbon and hydrogen nuclei in positions 4–7 mainly by the resonance mechanism, but to the nitro‐nitrogen atom with approximately equal contributions from the resonance and inductive components. Comparison of the transmission of substituent effects in nitro‐benzimidazoles with para and meta derivatives of nitrobenzene showed that the nitro group seems to be more tightly conjugated with the benzimidazole fragment than with the benzene ring.
Comparing Four Methods of Measuring Soil Organic Matter in North Carolina Soils (2019)

Core Ideas Results of agronomic management effects on SOM are inconsistent among methods. Correlations among methods of measuring SOM differ depending on soil. Soil organic matter content should be compared using similar procedures. Soil organic matter (SOM) provides many beneficial soil ecosystem services for sustainable soil management, but it is unclear how results from different methods of measuring SOM should be compared when making soil management decisions. To compare different methods, we used 84 soil samples from long‐term agronomic trials in the coastal plain, piedmont, and mountain regions of North Carolina. Coastal plain and mountain trials included combinations of tillage and management (conventional vs. organic), whereas piedmont trials were configured to evaluate tillage intensity. The methods used to measure SOM were Walkley‐Black (WB), mass loss on ignition (LOI), automated dry combustion (ADC), and humic matter (HM) colorimetry. Correlations among LOI, WB, and ADC were significant ( p < 0.0001) for SOM measured from the total population of soils, but variability due to location implied that HM had no correlation to other methods. For measures of soil organic carbon compared to SOM, the WB results were biased high compared to ADC, and ADC was more strongly correlated to LOI than WB. When using the methods to evaluate the effects of agronomic management on SOM, results varied for different methods and locations. Conservation management did not consistently accumulate more SOM than other soil management practices, and no method consistently differentiated soils based on management. Variation in the composition of SOM measured using conventional methods may be causing discrepancies in reported changes in SOM content over time. To avoid confusion about how agronomic management affects SOM, assessments should limit comparisons to methodologies with similar measurement protocols.