gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network traffic behavior analysis by decomposition into control and data planes (2008)

In this paper, we analyze network traffic behavior by decomposing header traffic into control and data planes to study the relationship between the two planes. By computing the cross-correlation between the control and data traffics, we observe a general ‘similar’ behavior between the two planes during normal behavior, and that this similarity is affected during abnormal behaviors. This allows us to focus on abnormal changes in network traffic behavior. We test our approach on the Network Intrusion Dataset provided by the Information Exploration Shootout (IES) project and the 1999 DARPA Intrusion detection Evaluation Dataset from the MIT Lincoln Lab. We find that TCP control and data traffic have high correlation levels during benign normal applications. This correlation is reduced when attacks that affect the aggregate traffic are present in the two datasets.
Liquid crystals derived from carbohydrates: Synthesis and properties of oxadecaline compounds (1995)

Abstract Reaction of glucal 1 with alkoxybenzene leads after hydrogenation and deacetylation to β‐C glycosides 4 , which can be used as chiral compounds in the synthesis of chiral calamitic liquid crystals. The combination with aliphatic aldehydes leads to liquid crystals 5 showing a monotropic S A phase, with aromatic p ‐alkoxy‐substituted aldehydes to compounds 6 with enantiotropic cholesteric and S A phases. Reaction with p ‐alkoxy‐substituted phenylboronic acids gives liquid crystals 7 forming S A and ferroelectric S C * phases. They all exhibit a high twisting power and blue phases in contact preparation.
Application behavior analysis in resource consumption for mobile devices (2014)

The understanding of applications is a must to design proper resource scheduling policies and a cost-effective design of a mobile device. Different from the past work on user behavior studies or user-oriented resource allocation, we are interested in the "behavior" analysis of applications in resource consumption for mobile devices. In particular, we propose a way to select indices to capture the characteristics of a mobile device and then a way to visualize its resource consumption. Example streaming applications, namely YouTube and Vimeo, are taken as a case study to show the "behaviors" of the streaming applications in consuming resources and their difference. We then show how to use the same methodology to explore the differences in resource consumption for some functionalities of some popular social-network applications, namely Facebook and Twitter. The study provides not only insights to the resource needs of applications but also potential directions in software optimization, such as energy efficiency and data caching.
Self-Assembly of Patchy Particles into Diamond Structures through Molecular Mimicry (2005)

Fabrication of diamond structures by self-assembly is a fundamental challenge in making three-dimensional photonic crystals. We simulate a system of model hard particles with attractive patches and show that they can self-assemble into a diamond structure from an initially disordered state. We quantify the extent to which the formation of the diamond structure can be facilitated by "seeding" the system with small diamond crystallites or by introducing a rotation interaction to mimic a carbon-carbon antibonding interaction. Our results suggest patchy particles may serve as colloidal "atoms" and "molecules" for the bottom-up self-assembly of three-dimensional crystals.
Manipulating Monomer-Dimer Equilibrium of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin by Amino Acid Substitution (2002)

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin, a major protein in cow's milk composed of nine beta-strands (betaA-betaI) and one alpha-helix, exists as a dimer at neutral pH while it dissociates to a native monomer below pH 3.0. It is assumed that the intermolecular beta-sheet formed between I-strands and salt bridges at AB-loops play important roles in dimer formation. Several site-directed mutants in which intermolecular interactions stabilizing the dimer would be removed were expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, and their monomer-dimer equilibria were studied by analytical ultracentrifugation. Various I-strand mutants showed decreases in K(a), suggesting that the intermolecular beta-sheet is essential for dimer formation. By substituting either Asp(33) or Arg(40) on the AB-loop to oppositely charged residues (i.e. R40D, R40E, and D33R), a large decrease in K(a) was observed probably because of the charge repulsion, which is consistent with the role of electrostatic attraction between Arg(40) on one monomer and Asp(33) on the other monomer in the wild-type dimer. However, when two of these mutants, R40D and D33R, were mixed, a heterodimer was formed by the electrostatic attraction between Arg(33) and Asp(40) of different molecules. These results suggested that protein-protein interactions of bovine beta-lactoglobulin can be manipulated by redesigning the residues on the interface without affecting global folding.
Deprenyl in Parkinson disease (1981)

(-)Deprenyl, a specific monoamine oxidase subtype B inhibitor (MAOI-B), has been reported to be a safe and valuable adjunct to conventional treatment of parkinsonism. A double-blind, clinical comparison of (-)deprenyl with placebo was undertaken in 11 parkinsonian patients; the efficacy of 10 mg daily was studied over 4 weeks. In four cases the clinical score for parkinsonian deficits improved during deprenyl therapy, and in five it deteriorated; there was no change in one patient. Two subjects failed to complete the study. (-)Deprenyl induced euphoria and insomnia. It was concluded that any advantages deriving from the use of (-)deprenyl in parkinsonism are limited, and probably dominated by its elevation of mood. Biochemical analysis failed to reveal any significant increase in platelet or plasma catecholamine concentrations during deprenyl therapy. There was, however, a significant decrease in plasma epinephrine (p < 0.05) and platelet MAO activity (p < 0.005).
Synthesis and characterisation of a new series of pyridinone azo dyes for dyeing of synthetic fibers (2004)

A series of azo dye systems, namely, 5‐arylazo‐pyridin‐2‐one dye systems ( 5a‐k ), was synthesised and characterised. The effects of the structural configuration of the pyridinone dye systems on the shifts of the ultraviolet‐visible absorption maxima were investigated. The structural effects of the polyfunctionally substituted pyridinone dye systems on the intensity of colour and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were also discussed.
Acetaminophen prevents aging‐associated hyperglycemia in aged rats: effect of aging‐associated hyperactivation of p38‐MAPK and ERK1/2 (2009)

These results suggest that acetaminophen may be useful for the treatment of age-associated hyperglycemia.
<title>Analysis of depth response for fluorescent confocal scanning microscope</title> (1993)

A confocal scanning fluorescent microscope (FCSM) changes parallel imaging, which is usually done with a conventional fluorescent microscope, to series-imaging. Because of this unique feature of imaging mean, the FCSM has the longitudinal discrimination ability a conventional fluorescent microscope does not have. The imaging principles of a FCSM are described briefly. Through an established mathematical model of system transfer function, the depth resolutions are calculated numerically. In biology science, the aberrations are introduced when an oil-immersion objective is used to study thick specimens, such as tissues and living cells, whose reflective indexes are significantly different from that of the immersion oil used in the experiment. Finally, after numerical calculation, a set of optimization curves for compensating the aberrations are given graphically under the different conditions, the compensation method proposed in this paper is suitable both for oil-immersion and non- immersion objectives.
The Influence of Temperature on Absorbance in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. I: General Considerations (1985)

The influence of a temperature ramp on the absorbance in graphite furnace atomic spectroscopy has been investigated with the use of a computer simulation of the absorption process. For increasing temperature, the absorbance will increase for low values of the damping constant at constant pressure and all values of the damping constant at constant volume. For large values of the damping constant at constant pressure (the presumed real situation), the absorbance decreases with increasing temperature due to the narrowing of the collisional profile. Hyperfine structure diminishes the change in absorbance within limits. The evaluation of the number density of analyte for temperatures (times) other than the peak maximum temperature could be in error if the peak maximum absorbance of a GFAAS peak is used to derive the number densities at the other temperatures. In effect, the relative absorbances on the peak in GFAAS are not totally representative of the relative atom release and removal peak. The presence of multiple ground states can, under certain circumstances, improve the absorbance-atom density relationship between the peak maximum absorbance and other absorbances on the peak. The temperature ramp has no deleterious effect on the analytical capabilities of GFAAS when the effect of temperature on absorbance is considered.
Starch Derivatives of High Degree of Functionalization, 8. Synthesis and Flocculation Behavior of Cationic Starch Polyelectrolytes (2002)

Water soluble starch derivatives with a high degree of substitution (DS) up to 1 containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared by reacting starch with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (QUAB®188) in ethanol/sodium hydroxide/water or preferably with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (QUAB®151) in aqueous-alkaline solution. The DS values of the samples can be controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of cationization agent to anhydroglucose unit and is only slightly dependent on the amylose content of the starting starch material. The structure of the cationic starch derivatives was confirmed by means of NMR spectroscopy. Dewatering experiments with the cationic starch derivatives were conducted on a harbor sediment suspension using a laboratory pressure filtration apparatus. The cationic starches were used alone and in combination with a high-molar-mass synthetic polyanion. Both dependence on the DS of the sample and influence of the amylose/amylopectin ratios of the initial native starch were observed. The highest dewatering index of 63 was found for the cationic polyelectrolyte based on the amylopectin-rich waxy maize starch in monoflocculation. In case of dual flocculation using additionally a poly(acrylamide-co-acrylate) a dewatering index of even 85 was attained.
Squeezed states in phase-sensing interferometers (1984)

The performance of phase-sensing interferometers employing squeezed states and homodyne detection is analyzed and compared to the performance of systems employing direct detection. Standard differenced direct-detection Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers are shown to be suboptimal in the sense that an observation/measurement-noise coupling occurs, which can degrade performance. Homodyne-detection interferometers in which the phase shift in one arm is the conjugate of that in the other arm do not suffer from the preceding drawback. Overall, however, the performance of differenced direct-detection and homodyne-detection interferometers is similar in single-frequency operation. In particular, both detection schemes reach the standard quantum limit on position-measurement sensitivity in single-frequency interferometric gravity-wave detectors at roughly the same average photon number. This limit arises from back action in the form of radiation pressure fluctuations entering through the energy-phase uncertainty principle. Multifrequency devices can circumvent this uncertainty principle, as illustrated by the conceptual design given for a two-frequency interferometer which can greatly surpass the standard quantum limit on position sensing. This configuration assumes that ideal photodetectors respond to photon flux rather than energy flux.
Blood Glucose Level Prediction Using Physiological Models and Support Vector Regression (2013)

Patients with diabetes must continually monitor their blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses, striving to keep blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. Blood glucose levels that deviate from the normal range can lead to serious short-term and long-term complications. An automatic prediction model that warned people of imminent changes in their blood glucose levels would enable them to take preventive action. Modeling inter-patient differences and the combined effects of insulin and life events on blood glucose have been particularly challenging in the design of accurate blood glucose forecasting systems. In this paper, we describe a solution that uses a generic physiological model of blood glucose dynamics to generate informative features for a Support Vector Regression model that is trained on patient specific data. Experimental results show that the new prediction model outperforms all three diabetes experts involved in the study, thus demonstrating the utility of using the generic physiological features in machine learning models that are individually trained for every patient.
Functional carriers for bone morphogenetic proteins. (1993)

This review covers advances in current researches on delivery systems for bone morphogenetic protein. In summary, it notes that the diversity of carriers, inorganic, organic and synthetic composite, have possessed physiochemical and biological properties and efficacy of delivery of bone morphogenetic protein promoting bone induction in experimental animals. It also traces a new trend in research on carrier systems for bone morphogenetic protein. A desirable carrier of BMP will bridge basic research with clinical application of bone morphogenetic protein.
Structural Alterations of the Nucleolus in Mutants of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Defective in RNA Polymerase I (1993)

We have previously constructed mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which the gene for the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is deleted. In these mutants, rRNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase II from a hybrid gene consisting of the 35S rRNA coding region fused to the GAL7 promoter on a plasmid. These strains thus grow in galactose but not glucose media. By immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against the known nucleolar proteins SSB1 and fibrillarin, we found that the intact crescent-shaped nucleolar structure is absent in these mutants; instead, several granules (called mininucleolar bodies [MNBs]) that stained with these antibodies were seen in the nucleus. Conversion of the intact nucleolar structure to MNBs was also observed in Pol I temperature-sensitive mutants at nonpermissive temperatures. These MNBs may structurally resemble prenucleolar bodies observed in higher eukaryotic cells and may represent a constituent of the normal nucleolus. Furthermore, cells under certain conditions that inhibit rRNA synthesis did not cause conversion of the nucleolus to MNBs. Thus, the role of Pol I in the maintenance of the intact nucleolar structure might include a role as a structural element in addition to (or instead of) a functional role to produce rRNA transcripts. Our study also shows that the intact nucleolar structure is not absolutely required for rRNA processing, ribosome assembly, or cell growth and that MNBs are possibly functional in rRNA processing in the Pol I deletion mutants.
Sensitivity of multi-user filter-bank multicarrier systems to synchronization errors (2008)

In this paper we investigate the sensitivity of multiuser filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems to synchronization errors in both the uplink and the downlink scenarios. In particular, the performance degradation caused by synchronization errors is evaluated analytically and with numerical simulations and compared with that of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It is shown that, as all multicarrier systems, FBMC systems are very sensitive to synchronization errors, since timing errors and carrier frequency offsets produce intercarrier interference and interference between successive symbols. However, in an asynchronous multi-user scenario FBMC systems are more robust than OFDM systems to time and frequency misalignments among the users.
An Implementation to Mitigate the Effect of Multipath on Positioning Accuracy (2010)

In the process of satellite positioning measurement, channel's multipath causes error of positioning. Researches show that multipath will have no effect on positioning accuracy when delays are more than 1 chip away from line of sight signal. A method proposed to extract estimation of multipath delay which is lower than 1 chip, attenuation and phase from the code generator data, local oscillator data and received signal data provided by ordinary loop locked receiver. The method has a robust characteristic under low carrier to noise ratio environment. And also simulation results are provided. Using known pseudo-random-code auto-correlation function, estimation of multipath delay can be further precisely searched. The simulation shows that in most cases the accuracy is within the sampling interval of the known pseudo-random-code auto-correlation function.
Unipolarization of ambipolar organic field effect transistors toward high-impedance complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits (2007)

Ambipolar organic field effect transistors (OFETs), consisting of a composite of polyhexylthiophene (PHT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butylic acid methyl ester (PCBM), was converted into a p- or n-type OFET by insertion of a thin tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or tetrathiafluvalene (TTF) buffer layer. The interface in the Au/TCNQ/PHT:PCBM composite transports hole but blocks electron, while the transported carrier was switched to electron with insertion of a TTF layer. The selective transport is probably due to vacuum level matching or temporal doping. High impedance in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverter was demonstrated with unipolarized ambipolar FETs, resulting in a decrease in the through current.
Analysis of Few-Mode Multi-Core Fiber Splice Behavior Using an Optical Vector Network Analyzer (2017)

The behavior of splices in a 3-mode 36-core fiber is analyzed using optical vector network analysis. Time-domain response analysis confirms splices may cause significant mode-mixing, while frequency-domain analysis shows splices may affect system level mode-dependent loss both positively and negatively.
OpenOrd: an open-source toolbox for large graph layout (2011)

We document an open-source toolbox for drawing large-scale undirected graphs. This toolbox is based on a previously implemented closed-source algorithm known as VxOrd. Our toolbox, which we call OpenOrd, extends the capabilities of VxOrd to large graph layout by incorporating edge-cutting, a multi-level approach, average-link clustering, and a parallel implementation. At each level, vertices are grouped using force-directed layout and average-link clustering. The clustered vertices are then re-drawn and the process is repeated. When a suitable drawing of the coarsened graph is obtained, the algorithm is reversed to obtain a drawing of the original graph. This approach results in layouts of large graphs which incorporate both local and global structure. A detailed description of the algorithm is provided in this paper. Examples using datasets with over 600K nodes are given. Code is available at www.cs.sandia.gov/~smartin.
Involvement of peripheral cannabinoid and opioid receptors in<scp>β</scp>‐caryophyllene‐induced antinociception (2012)

Abstract Background β ‐caryophyllene ( BCP ) is a common constitute of the essential oils of numerous spice, food plants and major component in C annabis . The present study investigated the contribution of peripheral cannabinoid ( CB ) and opioid systems in the antinociception produced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of BCP . The interaction between peripheral BCP and morphine was also examined. Methods The antinociceptive effect of i.pl. BCP was assayed by the capsaicin tests in mice. Antagonists for CB and opioid receptors, and antisera against β ‐endorphin were injected peripherally prior to i.pl. injection of BCP . Morphine in combination with BCP was injected subcutaneously or intrathecally. Results The i.pl. injection of BCP dose‐dependently attenuated capsaicin‐induced nociceptive response. The antinociceptive effect produced by BCP was prevented by pretreatment with AM630 , a selective CB 2 receptor antagonist, but not by AM251 , a selective CB 1 receptor antagonist. Pretreatment with naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, and β ‐funaltrexamine, a selective μ‐opioid receptor antagonist, reversed the antinociceptive effect of BCP . Pretreatment with naloxone methiodide, a peripherally acting antagonist for opioid receptors and antisera against β ‐endorphin, resulted in a significant antagonizing effect on BCP ‐induced antinociception. Morphine‐induced antinociception was increased by a low dose of BCP . The increased effect of morphine in combination with BCP was antagonized significantly by pretreatment with naloxone. Conclusions The present results demonstrate that antinociception produced by i.pl. BCP is mediated by activation of CB 2 receptors, which stimulates the local release from keratinocytes of the endogenous opioid β ‐endorphin. The combined injection of morphine and BCP may be an alternative in treating chemogenic pain.
Blocking of retroviral infection at a step prior to reverse transcription in cells transformed to constitutively express interferon beta. (1994)

We are developing methods for somatic-cell gene therapy directed against infection with human immunodeficiency virus, by enhancing antiviral resistance of target cells through the constitutive production of autocrine interferon (IFN). Using the human IFN-beta coding sequence under the constitutive low-expression control of a 0.6-kb murine H-2Kb promoter-fragment, we have constructed a retroviral vector, HMB-KbHuIFN beta, and have transformed cells of the T98G human neuroblastoma line, the U-937 human promonocytic line, and the CEM human lymphocytic line. These human IFN-beta-transformed cell populations have acquired a low, constitutive production of human IFN, while replicating at a rate similar to that of untransformed cells and of cells transformed with the control vector carrying a human IFN-beta sequence encoding an inactive, mutated protein. In the three different cell populations tested, transformation with the HMB-KbHuIFN beta vector resulted in a 1.3-2.3 log10 reduction in the number of cells infected with a defective amphotropic MFG-LaZ retrovirus. A kinetic study of the fate of the MFG-LacZ retrovirus in the culture medium and intracellularly immediately after exposure of the cells to virus revealed a significant reduction of the appearance of intracellular virus in human IFN-beta-transformed cells. A similar effect was obtained by treating untransformed T98G, U-937, and CEM cells with exogenous human IFN-beta. The blocking effect of autocrine or exogenous human IFN-beta on viral entry was not limited to virus specific for the amphotropic receptor but was also obtained in murine IFN-beta-treated NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts infected with an ecotropic MFG-LacZ retrovirus. Infection of human IFN-beta-transformed CEM cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gave comparable results. Immediately following exposure of the cells to human immunodeficiency virus, a kinetic study of the fate of the virus failed to reveal the appearance of intracellular virus and showed that the majority of the input virus remained in the extracellular medium. We conclude that low autocrine IFN-beta synthesis, or exposure of cells to exogenous IFN-beta, prevents virus from getting inside the cells, regardless of the virus receptor involved.