gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical techniques for searches on encrypted data (2002)

It is desirable to store data on data storage servers such as mail servers and file servers in encrypted form to reduce security and privacy risks. But this usually implies that one has to sacrifice functionality for security. For example, if a client wishes to retrieve only documents containing certain words, it was not previously known how to let the data storage server perform the search and answer the query, without loss of data confidentiality. We describe our cryptographic schemes for the problem of searching on encrypted data and provide proofs of security for the resulting crypto systems. Our techniques have a number of crucial advantages. They are provably secure: they provide provable secrecy for encryption, in the sense that the untrusted server cannot learn anything about the plaintext when only given the ciphertext; they provide query isolation for searches, meaning that the untrusted server cannot learn anything more about the plaintext than the search result; they provide controlled searching, so that the untrusted server cannot search for an arbitrary word without the user's authorization; they also support hidden queries, so that the user may ask the untrusted server to search for a secret word without revealing the word to the server. The algorithms presented are simple, fast (for a document of length n, the encryption and search algorithms only need O(n) stream cipher and block cipher operations), and introduce almost no space and communication overhead, and hence are practical to use today.
Bond strength to dentin with artificial carious lesions: influence of caries detecting dye. (1998)

ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test showed that TPH Spectrum (0.73 MPa) and Dyract (0.74 MPa) had similar bond strengths, and both were higher than Advance (0.0 MPa), which was statistically different (P < 0.01). The use of the dyes did not cause any changes in tensile bond strength for any tested materials.
A wideband CPW-fed monopole antenna with linear and circular polarizations (2017)

A coplanar-waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antenna for applications of the multi-system integration has been presented in this study. The enhancement of impedance bandwidth and circular polarization in the microstrip rectangular monopole antenna using following techniques: using asymmetrical CPW feeding structure and adding three grounded sleeve strips. By tuning the width of one side of the CPW ground plane, increase of impedance bandwidth and excitation of circular polarization at 1.57 GHz are achieved. Three parasitic inverted-L conducted strips are connected to the ground plane to further extend the impedance bandwidth. The measured impedance bandwidth of a S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> <; -6 dB ranges from 0.65 to 2.85 GHz and the measured 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth is about 150 MHz. The proposed antenna covers most of commercial wireless communication systems, such as GSM, GPS, DCS, PCS, IMT-2000, WLAN, and LTE.
ESTABLISHING CROP WATER STRESS INDEX (CWSI) THRESHOLD VALUES FOR EARLY, NONCONTACT DETECTION OF PLANT WATER STRESS (2002)

Early, noncontact, nondestructive, and quantitative detection of plant water stress with the application ofinfrared thermometry using a crop water stress index (CWSI) was established. A CWSI model for plants grown undercontrolled environments was developed using thermodynamic principles and energy balance of the plant. CWSI thresholdvalues were established with a parametric approach. The effectiveness of the sensing technique was evaluated using timingof the stress detection by a grower. The CWSIbased technique was able to detect the stress one to two days prior to the timeof stress detection by visual observation. Overall results of this study suggested that previsual and noncontact detectionof plant water stress with infrared thermometry application using CWSI is feasible.
Assessing Generalization in Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved breakthrough results on many tasks, but agents often fail to generalize beyond the environment they were trained in. As a result, deep RL algorithms that promote generalization are receiving increasing attention. However, works in this area use a wide variety of tasks and experimental setups for evaluation. The literature lacks a controlled assessment of the merits of different generalization schemes. Our aim is to catalyze community-wide progress on generalization in deep RL. To this end, we present a benchmark and experimental protocol, and conduct a systematic empirical study. Our framework contains a diverse set of environments, our methodology covers both in-distribution and out-of-distribution generalization, and our evaluation includes deep RL algorithms that specifically tackle generalization. Our key finding is that `vanilla' deep RL algorithms generalize better than specialized schemes that were proposed specifically to tackle generalization.
Comparative analysis of latches and flip-flops for high-performance systems (2002)

In this paper we propose a set of rules for consistent estimation of the real performance and power features of the latch and flip-flop structures. A new simulation and optimization approach is presented, targeting both high-performance and power budget issues. The analysis approach reveals the sources of performance and power consumption bottlenecks in different design styles. Certain misleading parameters have been properly modified and weighted to reflect the real properties of the compared structures. Furthermore, the results of the comparison of representative latches and flip-flops illustrate the advantages of our approach and the suitability of different design styles for high-performance applications.
Electromagnetic launch technology: the promise and the problems (1989)

The state of electromagnetic launcher technology is briefly reviewed. Technical problems in achieving the launch technology objectives are discussed, including those connected with energy storage devices, switching devices, rails and solenoid accelerators, and the effects of high acceleration on projectiles and impact physics. Finally, the state of the materials technology is considered, and the areas in which basic research is needed are defined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Higher serum potassium level associated with late stage chronic kidney disease. (2012)

Our results reflected that the serum K+ level increased in correlation with the decline in the eGFR in the late stages of CKD. Also, male gender, diabetes mellitus, and anemia might be risk factors for higher K+ levels in CKD patients. The variation in the serum K+ level became wider as renal failure progressed.
Counteracting radio frequency inhomogeneity in the human brain at 7 Tesla using strongly modulating pulses (2009)

We report flip angle and spoiled gradient echo measurements at 7 Tesla on human brains in three-dimensional imaging, using strongly modulating pulses to counteract the transmitted radiofrequency inhomogeneity problem. Compared with the standard square pulse results, three points of improvement are demonstrated, namely: (i) the removal of the bright center (typical at high fields when using a quadrature head coil), (ii) the substantial gain of signal in the regions of low B(1) intensity, and (iii) an increased 35% signal uniformity over the whole brain at the flip angle where maximum contrast between white and gray matter occurs. We also find by means of simulations that standard BIR-4 adiabatic pulses need several times more energy to reach a similar performance at the same field strength.
Plasma levels of <scp>OLFM</scp>4 in normals and patients with gastrointestinal cancer (2015)

Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is a secreted glycoprotein predominantly expressed in bone marrow and gastrointestinal tissues. Aberrant expression of OLFM4 has been shown in several cancers. However, the clinical significance hereof is currently controversial. OLFM4 has been proposed as a candidate biomarker of gastrointestinal cancers. To address this, we developed monoclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides representing various segments of OLFM4. We examined expression of OLFM4 in epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry and found that OLFM4 is highly expressed in proliferating benign epithelial cells and in some carcinoma cells. We developed an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for OLFM4 and investigated whether plasma levels of OLFM4 reflect colorectal malignancies, but were unable to see any such association. Instead, we observed two populations of individuals with respect to OLFM4 levels in plasma, the majority with OLFM4 in plasma between 0 and 0.1 μg/ml, mean 0.028 μg/ml while 10% of both normals and patients with cancers had OLFM4 between 4 and 60 μg/ml, mean 15 μg/ml. The levels were constant over time. The background for this high plasma level is not known, but must be taken into account if OLFM4 is used as biomarker for GI cancers.
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of H1-antihistaminic benzimidazole derivatives. (1989)

The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of 2-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)benzimidazole derivatives for antihistaminic activity were examined. Taking into consideration the specific conformations of some derivatives, a significant correlation was obtained using Verloop's STERIMOL parameters B3 and L of the substituent at the 1-position of the benzimidazole nucleus. The results indicated that the derivatives having a substituent with a small breadth and an appropriate length at the 1-position showed potent activity. From the results, a model of the binding site is proposed. The QSAR of side effects (anticholinergic activity and central nervous system depressive effect) were also examined and the results showed that a sterically small substituent at the 1-position was required to decrease side effects.
Mouse neutrophils are professional antigen-presenting cells programmed to instruct Th1 and Th17 T-cell differentiation (2011)

Neutrophils play a major role in the innate immune system and are normally considered to be short-lived effector cells that exert anti-microbial activity and sometimes immunopathology. Here, we show that these cells possess an additional function as professional antigen-presenting cells capable of priming a T(h)1- and T(h)17-acquired immune response. Using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting, we show that mouse neutrophils express MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 after T-cell co-incubation. Neutrophils pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA) process and present peptide antigen to OVA-specific T cells in an MHC class II-dependent manner. Importantly, we demonstrate that neutrophils can prime antigen-specific T(h)1 and T(h)17 immune responses even without the addition of exogenous cytokines to cell cultures.
Selenium to selenoproteins – role in COVID-19 (2021)

The disruption of antioxidant defense has been demonstrated in severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV infection. Selenium plays a major role in decreasing the ROS produced in response to various viral infections. Selenoprotein enzymes are essential in combating oxidative stress caused due to excessive generation of ROS. Selenium also has a role in inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, thus alleviating inflammation. In viral infections, selenoproteins have also been found to inhibit type I interferon responses, modulate T cell proliferation and oxidative burst in macrophages, and inhibit viral transcriptional activators. Potential virally encoded selenoproteins have been identified by computational analysis in different viral genomes like HIV-1, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and hepatitis C virus. This review discusses the role and the possible mechanisms of selenium, selenoproteins, and virally encoded selenoproteins in the pathogenicity of viral infections. Identification of potential selenoproteins in the COVID 19 genome by computational tools will give insights further into their role in the pathogenesis of viral infections.
Hierarchical Segmentation for Hardware Function Evaluation (2008)

This paper presents a method for evaluating functions based on piecewise polynomial approximations (splines) with a hierarchical segmentation scheme targeting hardware implementation. The methodology provides significant reduction in table size compared to traditional uniform segmentation approaches. The use of hierarchies involving uniform splines and splines with size varying by powers of two is particularly well suited for the coverage of nonlinear regions. The segmentation step is automated and supports user-supplied precision requirements and approximation method. Bit-widths of the coefficients and arithmetic operators are optimized to minimize circuit area and enable a guarantee of 1 unit in the last place (ulp) accuracy at the output. A coefficient transformation technique is also described, which significantly reduces the dynamic ranges of the fixed-point polynomial coefficients. The hierarchical segmentation method is illustrated using a set of functions including -(x/2) log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> x, cos <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> (x), radic(-ln( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> )) , a high-degree rational function, ln(1+x), and 1/(1+x). Various degree-1 and degree-2 approximation results for precisions between 8 to 24 bits are given. Hardware realizations are demonstrated on a Xilinx Virtex-4 field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
Case 11-1965 (1965)

Presentation of CaseA five-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of fever.She had been well until twelve days previously, when there was the abrupt onset of a fever, with elevation of the temperature to 102°F. A physician made a diagnosis of infection of an ear and the throat and prescribed penicillin; in addition, phenobarbital was given because a febrile convulsion had occurred one year earlier, after the administration of measles vaccine. The fever subsided after two days but recurred five days before admission. On the following day a physician found that the spleen was enlarged. The eyelids . . .
A Flue Gas Huff ‘n’ Puff Process for Oil Recovery From Shallow Formations (1990)

ABSTRACT Troutman Oil Co., Inc. of LaCygne, Kansas has developed a low-cost process for recovery of oil from shallow oil formations. The process (named "TWINC02") relies on immiscible displacement of oil through the injection of flue gas in a cyclic injection program. It was first installed in the LaCygne-Cadmus field located in Linn County, Kansas. The project has been in continuous use since 1979. Oil production rates have stabilized and the project has proven to be cost-effective given its small investment requirements and low operating costs. Flue gas is generated by burning natural gas in an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas is treated and is compressed to around 250 psi for injection into the reservoir. Following injection, the same well is converted to production and the well flows oil, water, and gas into surface separating units. The economics associated with this oil recovery process as reported in the paper have been updated to reflect 1989 prices and conditions. This analysis assumes that the oil producing wells and related oil production infrastructure are in place. The analyzed project area contained 51 wells in 225 acres. Incremental cost to install a system in 1989 similar in scale to that employed by Troutman Oil is estimated to be approximately $100,000. For the Troutman Oil scale of operations, the operating costs are estimated at $37,400 per year. Cash flow and profitability depend on the level of oil production, posted prices, and net revenue interest in a lease. For example, at a posted price of $20 per barrel and average oil production of 15 barrels per day, the annual cash flow from the entire project is estimated at $43,000 assuming an 80 percent net revenue interest. This level of cash flow will payback the initial investment in 2.3 years (undiscounted) and yields an internal rate of return of 42 percent over a 10 year project life. Economic parameters are presented in this report which will enable the reader to estimate the economics associated with application of the process at a particular property, including the minimum oil production required to cover operating costs and repay the initial capital investment.
Magnetic properties and phase transitions in hexagonal DyMnO3 single crystals (2006)

DyMnO3 single crystals of hexagonal modification were grown for the first time by zone melting, and their anisotropic magnetic properties were studied in detail. At T ∼ 7 K, a small uncompensated magnetic moment (∼1 μB per formula unit) is shown to occur along the hexagonal axis. At temperatures 7–45 K, a transition from the purely antiferromagnetic state to a state with uncompensated magnetic moment was revealed; the transition is induced by a magnetic field H parallel to the c axis. This transition seems to be due to a ferrimagnetic ordering of the moments of Dy cations located in nonequivalent crystallographic positions.
AnFHIT tumor suppressor gene? (1998)

The FRA3B at 3p14.2 is the most common of the constitutive aphidicolin-inducible fragile sites. Using independent approaches, four groups of investigators have cloned and characterized this fragile site. The results of these studies have revealed that the FRA3B differs from other heretofore cloned rare fragile sites. First, instability as manifested by chromosome breakage occurs over a large region of DNA, encompassing at least 500 kb. Second, sequence analysis has not revealed trinucleotide repeat motifs, characteristic of the rare fragile sites. In addition to containing the FRA3B, band 3p14 is also likely to contain a tumor suppressor gene, as evidenced by the presence of deletions, rearrangements, and allele loss in a variety of human tumors, including lung, renal, nasopharyngeal, cervical, and breast carcinomas. The recently cloned FHIT gene in 3p14.2 is a promising candidate tumor suppressor gene, since aberrant FHIT transcripts have been found in a significant proportion of cancer-derived cell lines and primary tumors of the digestive and respiratory tracts. Nonetheless, several lines of evidence garnered over the past year have called into question the role of FHIT as a classical tumor suppressor gene, and raised the question of whether its apparent involvement simply reflects its location within an unstable region of the genome. In the following study, we have summarized the evidence in support of FHIT as a tumor suppressor gene as well as evidence against such a role, and the experimental evidence needed to demonstrate that FHIT functions as a tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of human tumors. The paradigm of FHIT emphasizes that confirming the role of a candidate tumor suppressor gene may prove difficult, particularly for those genes that are located in genetically unstable regions.
Introducing Ethereum and Solidity: Foundations of Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Programming for Beginners (2017)

Learn how to use Solidity and the Ethereum project second only to Bitcoin in market capitalization. Blockchain protocols are taking the world by storm, and the Ethereum project, with its Turing-complete scripting language Solidity, has rapidly become a front-runner. This bookpresents the blockchain phenomenon in context; then situates Ethereum in a world pioneered by Bitcoin. See why professionals and non-professionals alike are honing their skills in smart contract patterns and distributed application development. You'll review the fundamentals of programming and networking, alongside its introduction to the new discipline of crypto-economics. You'll then deploy smart contracts of your own, and learn how they can serve as a back-end for JavaScript and HTML applications on the Web. Many Solidity tutorials out there today have the same flaw: they are written for advanced JavaScript developers who want to transfer their skills to a blockchain environment. Introducing Ethereum and Solidityis accessible to technology professionals and enthusiasts of all levels. Youll find exciting sample code that can move forward real world assets in both the academic and the corporate arenas. Find out now why this book is a powerful gateway for creative technologists of all types, from concept to deployment. What Youll LearnSee how Ethereum (and other cryptocurrencies) work Compare distributed apps (dapps) to web appsWrite Ethereum smart contracts in Solidity Connect Ethereum smart contracts to your HTML/CSS/JavaScript web applications Deploy your own dapp, coin, and blockchain Work with basic and intermediate smart contracts Who This Book Is For Anyone who is curious about Ethereum or has some familiarity with computer science Product managers, CTOs, and experienced JavaScript programmers Experts will find the advanced sample projects in this book rewarding because of the power of Solidity
BIOMASS ALLOCATION IN PLANTS: ONTOGENY OR OPTIMALITY? A TEST ALONG THREE RESOURCE GRADIENTS (1999)

We examined biomass allocation patterns throughout the entire vegetative growth phase for three species of annual plants along three separate gradients of resource availability to determine whether observed patterns of allocational plasticity are consistent with optimal partitioning theory. Individuals of the annual plant species Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album, and Polygonum pensylvanicum were grown from locally field-gathered seed in controlled greenhouse conditions across gradients of light, nutrients, and water. Frequent harvests were used to determine the growth and allocation (root vs. shoot, and leaf area vs. biomass) responses of these plants over a 57-d period. Growth analysis revealed that each species displayed significant plasticity in growth rates and substantial amounts of ontogenetic drift in root:shoot biomass ratios and ratios of leaf area to biomass across each of the three resource gradients. Ontogenetically controlled comparisons of root:shoot and leaf area ratios across light and nutrient gradients were generally consistent with predictions based on optimal partitioning theory; allocation to roots decreased and leaf area increased under low light and high nutrient conditions. These trends were confirmed, though were less dramatic, in allometric plots of biomass allocation throughout ontogeny. These species did not alter biomass allocation (beyond ontogenetic drift) in response to the broadly varying water regimes. Furthermore, many of the observed differences in biomass allocation were limited to a given time during growth and development. We conclude that, for these rapidly growing annual species, plasticity in biomass allocation patterns is only partially consistent with optimal partitioning theory, and that these plastic responses are ontogenetically constrained. Further, while these species did adjust biomass allocation patterns in response to light and nutrient availability, they did not adjust biomass allocation in response to water availability, despite dramatic plasticity in growth rates along all three resource gradients. Our results support a developmentally explicit model of plasticity in biomass allocation in response to limiting resources.
Bowater: A History. By W. J. Reader. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981. Pp. xv + 426. $49.50. (1983)

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Implications of peritoneal washing cytology in patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer (2002)

Positive cytology does not directly predict peritoneal carcinomatosis and, while associated with advanced disease, does not contraindicate radical surgery.