gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Tics and Tourette Syndrome (2006)

Tics, patterned movements distinct from stereotypies, myoclonus, and other hyperkinetic movements, are quite common in children, particularly among those with developmental and psychiatric disorders. Thus, tics can indicate the presence of atypical neurodevelopment or broader difficulties with cognition or mood. Tics are also the cardinal feature of Tourette syndrome, a childhood-onset neurobehavioral disorder characterized by a chronic inability to suppress or an urge to perform patterned, repetitive movements. Patients with Tourette syndrome most commonly have, in addition to tics, symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, obsessiveness, or anxiety. Achieving the most effective treatment of a child with tics is contingent on proper diagnosis of the movement disorder and thorough assessment for other problems, followed by consideration of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for any and all symptoms interfering with the child's function and quality of life. This review focuses primarily on the diagnosis and medical treatment of tics in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.
Extensible Battle Management Language as a Transformation Enabler (2004)

This article addresses a new approach to the longstanding problem of interoperating military command and control with combat simulations. There is great potential benefit in such a capability, both for more effective training and as a “what if” capability during military operations. The authors describe the Battle Management Language (BML), an unambiguous means of describing military operations to people, simulations, and robotic forces. The process that developed the BML and its extension into the realm of Web services are described. The new capability is projected to be an enabler for the ongoing transformation activities in the U.S. Department of Defense. Integrated with the Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM), BML, as extended through Web services, provides a path to improved interoperability within and among U.S. military services and their allied/coalition partners.
Practical Heat Treating (2006)

Practical Heat Treating, Second Edition covers the fundamentals and practical aspects of the broad field of heat treating. The book is an introduction and guide for design and manufacturing engineers, technicians, students, and others who need to understand why heat treatment is specified and how different processes are used to obtain desired properties. The Second Edition adds important information about new processes and process control techniques that have been developed or refined; appendices have been added on decarburization of steels, boost/diffuse cycles for carburizing, and process verification. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-829-8, follow this link.
Development of illumination optics and projection optics for high-NA EUV exposure tool (HiNA) (2003)

We have developed a high numerical aperture (NA) small-field exposure system (HiNA) for EUV exposure process development. NA of projection optics of EUV exposure tools for 45-nm node lithography is expected to be around 0.25, which is higher than that previously expected (0.1). HiNA has compatible illumination system, which can be switched to partial coherent illumination and coherent illumination by changing some optical elements. Coherent illumination system was prepared for a high contrast imaging but the uniformity of intensity is less than that of partial coherent illumination. A reflected-type fly*fs-eye element was adopted for partial coherent illumination, which can provide uniformity of both coherency and intensity simultaneously. The coherency of the partial coherent illumination is 0.8. HiNA projection optics consists of two aspheric mirrors, with the NA and the imaging field of 0.3 and 0.3×0.5mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. We fabricated two sets of projection-optics. Although the wavefront error of set-1 optics was 7nmRMS, that of set-2 optics was improved to 1.9nmRMS, which was measured with a point diffraction interferometer (PDI) using He-Ne laser. The wavefront error of the set-2 optics was improved by using a new mirror mount mechanism. The mount system consists of several board springs made of super invar in order to minimize the deformation of mirrors by mounting stress. The projection optics of the set-2 has a remote controlled mirror adjustment mechanism which has five degrees of freedom (X,Y,Z,X-Tilt and Y-Tilt). The position of the concave secondary mirror was adjusted precisely with measuring the wavefront error using PDI.
Romantic Influences on Melville's View of Authorship and Audience (2006)

In Hawthorne and His Mosses, Melville professes his elite notion of authorship and readership that he began to build in 1848 while writing Mardi, his third novel. In this essay, which defends Hawthorne's unrecognized masculine genius in The Mosses from an Old Manse with broad comparisons to Shakespeare's in his tragedies, Melville shows a continued deep interest in three key issues that had occupied his thinking since the shift in his plans for Mardi; genius, audience, and the ideal reader. In this paper, I argue that Melville's ideas on these three key issues, which are further developed and represented in his immediately following important works like Moby-Dick (1851) and Pierre (1852), are influenced most significantly by European Romanticism. And thus I attempt to discuss various aspects of its influences on Melville's article, drawing on materials dealing with Romantic notion of authorship, readership and gender, and literary marketplace. Then I also point out that Melville's gendered use of language in his discussion of authorship and audience is problematic because Melville opposes masculine qualities to feminine qualities and then privileges masculine qualities of Romantic notion of 'genius' over feminine qualities.
Windowed quantum arithmetic (2019)

We demonstrate a technique for optimizing quantum circuits that is analogous to classical windowing. Specifically, we show that small table lookups can allow control qubits to be iterated in groups instead of individually. We present various windowed quantum arithmetic circuits, including a windowed modular exponentiation with nested windowed modular multiplications, which have lower Toffoli counts than previous work at register sizes ranging from tens of qubits to thousands of qubits.
Hemiplegic gait: analysis of temporal variables. (1983)

The objective of this study was to determine key quantitative variables in hemiplegic gait, and to correlate them with clinical abnormality, eg, degree of motor recovery. In 23 hemiplegic patients, clinical and locomotion laboratory assessments gave the following results. Two temporal gait variables, walking speed and symmetry of the swing/phase, showed a good correlation with the stage of motor recovery. Patients with greater degrees of motor recovery walked faster and more symmetrically than those with less motor recovery. None of the other temporal variables analyzed showed a significant relationship with the stage of motor recovery.
Double-Reciprocal Crossover Mediated by FLP-Recombinase:  A Concept and an Assay<sup>,</sup> (1997)

FLP recombinase induces a double-reciprocal crossover event between sets of different FLP recognition target (FRT) sites. Therefore, if these sites flank an expression cassette at a given genomic locus, it can be exchanged for another cassette that has been constructed in the analogous was [Schlake & Bode (1994) Biochemistry 33, 12746-12751]. Here we demonstrate that an integrated expression cassette, flanked by a wild type and a mutated site, remains completely stable in the presence of constitutive FLP activity, obviating the need for a timing of this parameter. Therefore the only variable left for optimization is the initial concentration of the exchange plasmid. Since the exchange plasmid lacks a promoter, random integration is not expected to confer resistance to the selection marker, the expression of which requires the acquisition of the SV40 promoter provided at the predetermined integration site. Due to the presence of a luciferase reporter in a specific bicistronic expression cassette, recombination generates bioluminescence upon recombination, indicating the extent of the exchange reaction. This principle is utilized to compare the potential of various cell lines to support the exchange reaction and to adjust the optimum parameters.
Estudio del déficit y facilitación bilateral en futbolistas elite sub-20 de Colombia (2008)

ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el estado y correlaciones del fenmeno del dficit o facilitacin bilateral en 16 jugadores de la seleccin Colombia Sub-20 quienes llevaron a cabo dos tipos de tests: el protocolo de Saltos Acero-Ibargen, y evaluacin de fuerza isomtrica mxima en extensin de piernas y de brazos.Se utiliz el Globus Ergo System con una plataforma de contacto, una mquina multi-fuerzas y una celda de carga (Tesys 400).Los resultados confirmaron la existencia del porcentaje del dficit y facilitacin bilateral bajo diferentes fluctuaciones.Las correlaciones entre los saltos y la potencia mecnica fueron significativas pero no as la de los saltos y la fuerza isomtrica mxima evaluada.En conclusin el modelo aqu estudiado en futbolistas sub-20 implica que el fenmeno del Dficit Bilateral es un indicador muy importante en la medicin
Elektrochemische Oxidation, VII. Synthese und Struktur von 7‐<i>tert</i>‐Butyl‐2‐methylbenzoxazolen (1982)

Abstract Die anodische Oxidation von 15 tert ‐butyl‐substituierten Phenolen 1a–o in wasserfreiem Acetonitril oder in Acetonitril/Perchlorsäure führt zu den entsprechenden 7‐ tert ‐Butyl‐2‐methylbenzoxazolen 3a–o . Der Strukturbeweis wurde durch unabhängige Synthese von 3k und 13 C‐NMR‐Spektroskopie sowie durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 7‐ tert ‐Butyl‐2‐methyl‐5‐benzoxazolcarbaldehyd ( 3i ) geführt. Der Einfluß des Elektrolytsystems auf die Produktbildung wird diskutiert.
Taking Topic Detection From Evaluation to Practice (2005)

The Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) research community investigates information retrieval methods for organizing a constantly arriving stream of news articles by the events that they discuss. Our best system for the open evaluations of TDT has used an approach that turned out to be problematic when the cluster detection technology was deployed in a real world setting. To avoid generating "garbage" clusters, we had to revert to a different approach and to explore engineering solutions that were not motivated by the model. Our experiences also led us to propose extensions to the formal TDT evaluation.
Linear transmitter precoding design for downlink of multiuser MIMO systems (2005)

Presented is the design of a set of linear transmitter precoding vectors for the downlink of a multiuser MIMO system, using the maximum signal-to-jamming and noise ratio for each user criterion, subject to a transmit power constraint. The proposed scheme does not impose any restrictions on the number of transmit antennas as do many conventional methods. Simulation results have shown the superiority of the proposed scheme compared to the conventional transmitter precoding schemes.
Multivoxel Patterns Reveal Functionally Differentiated Networks Underlying Auditory Feedback Processing of Speech (2013)

The everyday act of speaking involves the complex processes of speech motor control. An important component of control is monitoring, detection, and processing of errors when auditory feedback does not correspond to the intended motor gesture. Here we show, using fMRI and converging operations within a multivoxel pattern analysis framework, that this sensorimotor process is supported by functionally differentiated brain networks. During scanning, a real-time speech-tracking system was used to deliver two acoustically different types of distorted auditory feedback or unaltered feedback while human participants were vocalizing monosyllabic words, and to present the same auditory stimuli while participants were passively listening. Whole-brain analysis of neural-pattern similarity revealed three functional networks that were differentially sensitive to distorted auditory feedback during vocalization, compared with during passive listening. One network of regions appears to encode an "error signal" regardless of acoustic features of the error: this network, including right angular gyrus, right supplementary motor area, and bilateral cerebellum, yielded consistent neural patterns across acoustically different, distorted feedback types, only during articulation (not during passive listening). In contrast, a frontotemporal network appears sensitive to the speech features of auditory stimuli during passive listening; this preference for speech features was diminished when the same stimuli were presented as auditory concomitants of vocalization. A third network, showing a distinct functional pattern from the other two, appears to capture aspects of both neural response profiles. Together, our findings suggest that auditory feedback processing during speech motor control may rely on multiple, interactive, functionally differentiated neural systems.
Breaking the silence (2000)

Men can be the least receptive of clients, but nurses are persevering in their attempts to reach them. Steven Black describes work on erectile dysfunction
Direct Serum Assay for MicroRNA-21 Concentrations in Early and Advanced Breast Cancer (2010)

A novel RT-qPCR-DS can improve the efficiency of miR assessment. Use of this assay to detect circulating miR-21 has diagnostic and prognostic potential in breast cancer.
The Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI): MRI methods (2008)

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a longitudinal multisite observational study of healthy elders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), urine serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as clinical/psychometric assessments are acquired at multiple time points. All data will be cross-linked and made available to the general scientific community. The purpose of this report is to describe the MRI methods employed in ADNI. The ADNI MRI core established specifications that guided protocol development. A major effort was devoted to evaluating 3D T(1)-weighted sequences for morphometric analyses. Several options for this sequence were optimized for the relevant manufacturer platforms and then compared in a reduced-scale clinical trial. The protocol selected for the ADNI study includes: back-to-back 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) scans; B(1)-calibration scans when applicable; and an axial proton density-T(2) dual contrast (i.e., echo) fast spin echo/turbo spin echo (FSE/TSE) for pathology detection. ADNI MRI methods seek to maximize scientific utility while minimizing the burden placed on participants. The approach taken in ADNI to standardization across sites and platforms of the MRI protocol, postacquisition corrections, and phantom-based monitoring of all scanners could be used as a model for other multisite trials.
Application of a Ferroelectric Liquid-Crystal Cell to an Electric Field Sensor (1993)

An electric field sensor is prepared using a ferroelectric liquid-crystal cell and optical fiber systems. Transmission light intensity through tHe cell is modulated by an ac electric field and its amplitude increases in good proportion to the electric field strength (from ∼10 Hz to 5 kHz), covering a wide range from ∼10 V/cm to more than 5 kV/cm
Gene Expression Profiling of Extracellular Matrix as an Effector of Human Hepatocyte Phenotype in Primary Cell Culture (2007)

Previously, we demonstrated that primary cultures of rat hepatocytes evidence higher levels of differentiated function when cultured in the presence of a dilute overlay of extracellular matrix (Matrigel). In this investigation, we used DNA microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and cell morphology analyses to evaluate the biological responses imparted by Matrigel overlays on primary cultures of human hepatocytes from five independent donors. Although interindividual variability in responses was evident, our results demonstrated that Matrigel additions typically improved hepatocyte morphology and differentiation character. Results from RNA-profiling experiments indicated that Matrigel additions enhanced hepatocyte RNA expression levels associated with a battery of differentiated features, to levels comparable to those seen in vivo, for genes such as the cytochrome P450s, solute carrier family members, sulfotransferases, certain nuclear transcription factors, and other liver-specific markers, such as albumin, transferrin, and response to the inducer, phenobarbital. In contrast, Matrigel additions were generally associated with reduced RNA expression levels for several cytokeratins, integrins, and a number of stress-related pathways. Decreases in integrin protein expression were similarly detected, although enhanced levels of the gap junction-associated protein, connexin 32, were detected in Matrigel-treated cultures. These data support the concept that ECM functions mechanistically to augment the differentiation character of primary human hepatocytes in culture by mediating a reduction in cellular stress response signaling and by enhancing gap junctional cell-cell communication.
Real Time Audio-Visual Person Tracking (2006)

This paper proposes a system for tracking people in three dimensions, utilizing audiovisual information from multiple acoustic and video sensors. The proposed system comprises a video and an audio subsystem combined using a Kalman filter. The video subsystem combines in 3D a number of 2D trackers based on a variation of Stauffer's adaptive background algorithm with spatio-temporal adaptation of the learning parameters and a Kalman tracker in a feedback configuration. The audio subsystem uses an information theoretic metric upon a pair of microphones to estimate the direction from which sound is arriving from. Combining measurements from a series of pairs the actual coordinate of the speaker in space is derived. Experiments show that gains are to be expected when fusion of the separate tracking systems is performed
Analysis of the high frequency series impedance of GaAs Schottky diodes by a finite difference technique (1992)

The finite-difference technique is used to calculate the electromagnetic field within the diode chip based on a solution of Maxwell's equations. The skin effect, charge carrier inertia, and dielectric relaxation are shown to greatly increase the series impedance at high frequencies. The finite difference technique is accurate for diode structures that incorporate an epitaxial layer of different doping than the substrate and a nonideal ohmic contact on the bottom of the chip. An important feature of this analysis is an impedance calculation based on power considerations, rather than the electrostatic potential. The analysis is used to investigate the series impedance as a function of epilayer doping density, anode diameter, chip thickness and ohmic contact resistivity. It is shown that a proposed membrane diode, whose thickness is less than one skin depth, will have a series impedance 30% less than that of a comparable standard diode, provided that the ohmic contact has a specific contact resistivity of 10/sup -8/ Omega -cm/sup 2/ or less.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Approximation Algorithms for Sensor Deployment (2007)

We develop an integer linear programming formulation to find the minimum cost deployment of sensors that provides the desired coverage of a target point set and propose a greedy heuristic for this problem. Our formulation permits heterogeneous multimodal sensors and is extended easily to account for nonuniform sensor detection resulting from blockages, noise, fading, and so on. A greedy algorithm for solving the proposed general ILP is developed. Additionally, isin-approximation algorithms and a polynomial- time approximation scheme are proposed for the case of grid coverage. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithms over earlier algorithms for point coverage of grids by using heterogeneous sensors.
Optical Grooming in OFDM-Based Elastic Optical Networks (2012)

We propose a novel optical grooming approach to aggregate and distribute traffic directly at the optical level in OFDM-based elastic optical networks. Significant transmitter and spectrum saving is achieved compared to non-grooming scenario.
Outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease by enterovirus 71. High incidence of complication disorders of central nervous system. (1980)

In Japan we have had two outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with disorders of the central nervous system, one in 1973 and the other in 1978. The isolated virus in both outbreaks was enterovirus 71. Central nervous system disorders were present in 24% of patients in 1973 and in 8% of patients in 1978. These disorders were localised encephalitis with cerebellar signs as the main feature, aseptic meningitis, and polio-like paresis. The enterovirus 71 isolated in Japan had strong dermatotropic as well as neurotropic tendencies. However in cross-neutralisation tests, no difference in antigenicity from the prototype, BrCr strain, was recognised.
On-line policy optimisation of Bayesian spoken dialogue systems via human interaction (2013)

A partially observable Markov decision process has been proposed as a dialogue model that enables robustness to speech recognition errors and automatic policy optimisation using reinforcement learning (RL). However, conventional RL algorithms require a very large number of dialogues, necessitating a user simulator. Recently, Gaussian processes have been shown to substantially speed up the optimisation, making it possible to learn directly from interaction with human users. However, early studies have been limited to very low dimensional spaces and the learning has exhibited convergence problems. Here we investigate learning from human interaction using the Bayesian Update of Dialogue State system. This dynamic Bayesian network based system has an optimisation space covering more than one hundred features, allowing a wide range of behaviours to be learned. Using an improved policy model and a more robust reward function, we show that stable learning can be achieved that significantly outperforms a simulator trained policy.
A 14-b 20-Msamples/s CMOS pipelined ADC (2001)

The capacitor error-averaging technique, updated with look-ahead decision and digital correction, is used to demonstrate a 14-b 20-Msamples/s pipelined analog-to digital converter (ADC) with no trimming or calibration. The prototype ADC exhibits a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of +0.23/-0.28 least significant bit (LSB), an integral nonlinearity (INL) of +0.95/-1.06 LSB, a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 91.6 dB, and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 74.2 dB with a 1-MHz input and a 20-MHz clock. The prototype in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS occupies an area of 4.5/spl times/2.4 mm/sup 2/ and consumes 720 mW at 5 V.
Fluoride-glass-cladded optical fibres for mid-infra-red ray transmission (1981)

Cladded-type fluoride glass fibres with a transmission loss of 0.1 dB/m at 2.5 μm and 0.3 dB/m at 3.6 μm, respectively, were fabricated by a novel casting method. Relative refractive-index differences between core and cladding ranging from 0.17% to 0.33% were obtained using BaF2-GdF3-ZrF4-AlF3 glasses as core and cladding components.