gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized system of a gas chromatograph coupled with a Paul ion trap mass spectrometer (2004)

Miniature gas chromatography (GC) and miniature mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation has been developed to identify and quantify the chemical compounds present in complex mixtures of gases. The design approach utilizes micro-GC components coupled with a Paul quadrupole ion trap (QIT) mass spectrometer. Inherent to the system are high sensitivity, good dynamic range, good QIT resolution, low GC flow-rates to minimize vacuum requirements and the need for consumables; and the use of a modular approach to adapt to volatile organic compounds dissolved in water or present in sediment. Measurements are reported on system response to gaseous species at concentrations varying over four orders of magnitude. The ability of the system to deal with complicated mixtures is demonstrated, and future improvements are discussed. The GC/QIT system described herein has a mass, volume and power that are, conservatively, one-twentieth of those of commercial off-the-shelf systems. Potential applications are to spacecraft cabin-air monitoring, robotic planetary exploration and trace-species detection for residual gas analysis and environmental monitoring.
Characterization of a Novel Nonclassical T Cell Clone with Broad Reactivity against Human Renal Cell Carcinomas (2008)

A CD4(+) T cell clone (HC/2G-1) was established by stimulating peripheral blood T cells from a patient with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with dendritic cells preincubated with the autologous apoptotic renal tumor line in the presence of IFN-alpha. It recognizes the autologous RCC and most allogeneic RCC lines by IFN-gamma release (10 of 11 lines) and lysis (9 of 10 lines), but does not recognize multiple EBV B cells or fibroblasts. It shows little or no recognition of a panel of melanomas, breast cancers and non-small-cell lung cancers. Phenotypically, HC/2G-1 is CD3(+)CD4(+) TCR alphabeta(+), but CD161(-)CD16(-)NKG2D(-). Tumor recognition by clone HC/2G-1 was not blocked by Abs to HLA class I or class II, but was significantly reduced by anti-TCR alphabeta Ab. Furthermore, tumor recognition was beta(2)-microglobulin-independent. HC/2G-1 does not use a Valpha or Vbeta described for classical NKT cells, but rather Valpha14 and Vbeta2.1. Allogeneic T cells cotransfected with mRNAs encoding the alpha and beta chains of the HC/2G-1 TCR recognized renal tumor lines, demonstrating that tumor recognition is TCR-mediated. Interestingly, TRAIL appears to play a role in tumor recognition by HC/2G-1 in that reactivity was blocked by anti-TRAIL Ab, and soluble TRAIL could enhance IFN-gamma secretion by HC/2G-1 in response to renal tumors. Our findings suggest that clone HC/2G-1 represents a novel type of CD4(+) cell that has broad TCR-mediated recognition of a determinant widely expressed by RCC.
Automated extraction and parameterization of motions in large data sets (2004)

Large motion data sets often contain many variants of the same kind of motion, but without appropriate tools it is difficult to fully exploit this fact. This paper provides automated methods for identifying logically similar motions in a data set and using them to build a continuous and intuitively parameterized space of motions. To find logically similar motions that are numerically dissimilar, our search method employs a novel distance metric to find "close" motions and then uses them as intermediaries to find more distant motions. Search queries are answered at interactive speeds through a precomputation that compactly represents all possibly similar motion segments. Once a set of related motions has been extracted, we automatically register them and apply blending techniques to create a continuous space of motions. Given a function that defines relevant motion parameters, we present a method for extracting motions from this space that accurately possess new parameters requested by the user. Our algorithm extends previous work by explicitly constraining blend weights to reasonable values and having a run-time cost that is nearly independent of the number of example motions. We present experimental results on a test data set of 37,000 frames, or about ten minutes of motion sampled at 60 Hz.
Multiparameter Estimation in Networked Quantum Sensors (2018)

We introduce a general model for a network of quantum sensors, and we use this model to consider the following question: When can entanglement between the sensors, and/or global measurements, enhance the precision with which the network can measure a set of unknown parameters? We rigorously answer this question by presenting precise theorems proving that for a broad class of problems there is, at most, a very limited intrinsic advantage to using entangled states or global measurements. Moreover, for many estimation problems separable states and local measurements are optimal, and can achieve the ultimate quantum limit on the estimation uncertainty. This immediately implies that there are broad conditions under which simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters cannot outperform individual, independent estimations. Our results apply to any situation in which spatially localized sensors are unitarily encoded with independent parameters, such as when estimating multiple linear or nonlinear optical phase shifts in quantum imaging, or when mapping out the spatial profile of an unknown magnetic field. We conclude by showing that entangling the sensors can enhance the estimation precision when the parameters of interest are global properties of the entire network.
Bladder cancer (2009)

We are encouraged by the progress in bladder cancer diagnosis and management; however, continued research is needed in order to improve the lives of our patients with this disease.
New pharmacologic horizons in the treatment of Parkinson disease (2006)

Many of the motoric features that define Parkinson's disease (PD) result primarily from the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. l-dopa remains at present the most powerful symptomatic drug for the treatment of this condition. However, motor complications of chronic l-dopa treatment have emerged as a major limitation of this therapy. Slowing or delaying the progression of the disease with neuroprotective therapies may delay the need for l-dopa. In the past few years, novel insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in PD has been provided. Mitochondrial function deficiency, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and inflammation are part of the processes that ultimately result in neurodegeneration. Drugs that are now under clinical scrutiny as neuroprotectant include molecules that combine one or more of the following properties: (1) monoamine oxidase inhibition (rasagiline, safinamide); (2) mitochondrial enhancement (coenzyme Q10, creatine); (3) antiapoptotic activity; (4) anti-inflammatory activity; (5) protein aggregation inhibition; (6) neurotrophic activity. In advanced Parkinson's disease, the combination of disease progression and l-dopa therapy leads to the development of motor response complications, particularly wearing off, on off, dyskinesias and dystonias. The nonphysiologic pulsatile stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors, produced by the currently available dopaminergic drugs, may trigger a dysregulation of many neurotransmitter systems within the basal ganglia, mainly localized on medium spiny striatal neurons. These include alterations of glutamatergic, serotonergic, adrenergic and adenosine A(2A) receptors. Novel strategies for pharmacological intervention with nondopaminergic treatments hold the promise of providing effective control or reversal of motor response complications. Of particular interest are NMDA and AMPA antagonists or drugs acting on 5-HT subtype 2A, alpha2-adrenergic, and adenosine A(2) receptors. Future strategies may also target pre- and postsynaptic components that regulate firing pattern of basal ganglia neurons, such as synaptic vesicle proteins, nonsynaptic gap junction communication mechanisms, or signal transduction systems that modulate the phosphorylation state of glutamatergic receptors.
Toeplitz Matrix Inversion: The Algorithm of W. F. Trench (1969)

The algorithm of W. F. Trench for the inversion of Toeplitz matrices is presented with a detailed proof for the case of non-Hermitian matrices. The only condition necessary to insure the validity of the algorithm is that all principal minors be nonzero.
The First Year of the Political Science Micro Review (1983)

Though humble, the Political Science Micro Review (PSMR) is the only social science-oriented microcomputer periodical in the United States. Founded in 1982, it provides low-cost software for microcomputer users at over a hundred institutions affiliated with the network which it serves. Moreover, virtually all microcomputer software produced through the PSMR is donated to the public domain by the North Carolina State University Public Service Research and Computer Laboratory and other network members. Panels and workshops supplement PSMR activities, including three scheduled for the 1983 American Political Science Association Annual Meeting. Background In 1979 the public Service Research and Computer Laboratory was established in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at North Carolina State University.
The role of carbohydrates in mammalian sperm-egg interactions how important are carbohydrate epitopes (1998)

Evidence implicating the involvement of carbohydrates in fertilization has been reported for decades in species which span the phylogenetic scale. The exact nature and role of these ligands in fertilization, however, has eluded investigators. Here, such investigations are reviewed as they relate to mammalian fertilization, with the principle focus on reviewing the role of carbohydrates involved in the primary binding event between sperm cell and egg.
On-Policy Dataset Synthesis for Learning Robot Grasping Policies Using Fully Convolutional Deep Networks (2019)

Rapid and reliable robot grasping for a diverse set of objects has applications from warehouse automation to home decluttering. One promising approach is to learn deep policies from synthetic training datasets of point clouds, grasps, and rewards sampled using analytic models with stochastic noise models for domain randomization. In this letter, we explore how the distribution of synthetic training examples affects the rate and reliability of the learned robot policy. We propose a synthetic data sampling distribution that combines grasps sampled from the policy action set with guiding samples from a robust grasping supervisor that has full state knowledge. We use this to train a robot policy based on a fully convolutional network architecture that evaluates millions of grasp candidates in 4-DOF (3-D position and planar orientation). Physical robot experiments suggest that a policy based on fully convolutional grasp quality CNNs (FC-GQ-CNNs) can plan grasps in 0.625 s, considering 5000x more grasps than our prior policy based on iterative grasp sampling and evaluation. This computational efficiency improves rate and reliability, achieving 296 mean picks per hour (MPPH) compared to 250 MPPH for iterative policies. Sensitivity experiments explore the effect of supervisor guidance level and granularity of the policy action space. Code, datasets, videos, and supplementary material can be found at http://berkeleyautomation.github.io/fcgqcnn.
The gallbladder emptying response to sequential exogenous and endogenous cholecystokinin (1984)

Summary The gallbladder emptying response to sequential exogenous and endogenous cholecystokinin was measured by a noninvasive, nongeometric scintigraphic technique using a single dose of technetium 99m-labelled hepatobiliary agent. The mean latent period, ejection period, ejection fraction and ejection rate following 3 min infusion of 40 ng kg1- of octapeptide of cholecystokinin were 2.8$$0.7 min, 9.8$$1.3 min, 34.0$$ 9.9% and 3.5$$2.0% perminute respectively. The corresponding values following 8 oz/70 kg of oral fatty meal were 15$$6 min, 24.0$$5 min (P < 0.05), 55$$9.1% and 2.8$$0.6% per minute respectively. The total emptying for the combined stimuli was 71.4$$14.0%. The wider range in latent and ejection period following fatty meal probably reflected the variations in time of the release into circulation and the duration of bioavailability of endogenous cholecystokinin. The lower rate of ejection was over compensated by longer duration of ejection resulting in higher degree of emptying following fatty meal. It is concluded that the gallbladder emptying pattern to exogenous and endogenous cholecytokinin can be studied sequentially using a single dose of technetium 99mlabelled hepatobiliary agent.
Substrate stiffness influences TGF-β1-induced differentiation of bronchial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in airway remodeling (2012)

Chronic inflammation and remodeling of the bronchial wall are basic hallmarks of asthma. During the process of bronchial wall remodeling, inflammatory factors, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), are known to induce the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which leads to excessive synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, thus thickening and stiffening the basement membrane. However, it has not been thoroughly studied whether or not substrate stiffening affects the TGF-β1‑induced myofibroblast differentiation. In the present study, the influence of substrate stiffness on the process of bronchial fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts in the presence of TGF-β1 was investigated. To address this question, we synthesized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with varying degrees of stiffness (Young's modulus of 1, 10 and 50 kPa, respectively). We cultured bronchial fibroblasts on the substrates of varying stiffness in media containing TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) to stimulate the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast differentiation was examined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR for the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA and collagen I mRNA, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to assess the expression of collagen I protein and western blotting to assess the expression of α-SMA protein. The optical magnetic twisting cytometry (OMTC) method was used for the changing of cell mechanical properties. Our findings suggest that when fibroblasts were incubated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) on substrate of varying stiffness, the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was enhanced by increasing substrate stiffness. Compared with those cultured on substrate with Young's modulus of 1 kPa, the mRNA and protein expression of collagen I and α-SMA of fibroblasts cultured on substrates with Young's modulus of 10 and 50 kPa were increased. Furthermore, with the increase of substrate stiffness, the cell stiffness and contractility were also increased, which also indicated further aggravation of asthma. This finding may help better understand the underlying mechanisms of hyperplasia of myofibroblasts in asthma, which has a marked significance in the therapy of asthma.
Spinocerebellar ataxia: relationship between phenotype and genotype – a review (2016)

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) comprises a large group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. It is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia with oculomotor dysfunction, dysarthria, pyramidal signs, extrapyramidal signs, pigmentary retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment and other symptoms. It is classified according to the clinical manifestations or genetic nosology. To date, 40 SCAs have been characterized, and include SCA1-40. The pathogenic genes of 28 SCAs were identified. In recent years, with the widespread clinical use of next-generation sequencing, the genes underlying SCAs, and the mutants as well as the affected phenotypes were identified. These advances elucidated the phenotype-genotype relationship in SCAs. We reviewed the recent clinical advances, genetic features and phenotype-genotype correlations involving each SCA and its differentiation. The heterogeneity of the disease and the genetic diagnosis might be attributed to the regional distribution and clinical characteristics. Therefore, recognition of the phenotype-genotype relationship facilitates genetic testing, prognosis and monitoring of symptoms.
Synthesis and biological activities of some N4-substituted 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (1976)

Syntheses and biological activities of 26 N4-substituted 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as analogs of naturally occurring modified nucleic acid bases, N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)-L-threonine and N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenine, are described. 4-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine was converted into the desired intermediate, ethyl pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-carbamate (2). 4-Ureidopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (6-26) were prepared by displacement of the ethoxy group of the carbamate 2 by amino acids and a variety of amines and by a reaction of 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (1) with isocyanates. N4-Alkylaminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were generally prepared by displacement of the chlorine from 4-chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine with various amines. Several analogs exhibited moderate to very good growth inhibitory activities against cultured L1210 leukemia and 6410 human leukemic myeloblasts.
Electromagnetic energy transport along arrays of closely spaced metal rods as an analogue to plasmonic devices (2001)

The transport of electromagnetic energy along structures consisting of arrays of closely spaced metal rods (spacing=0.2 cm) was investigated in the microwave regime at 8.0 GHz (λ=3.7 cm). The dispersion relation shows that information transport occurs at a group velocity of 0.6c. The electromagnetic energy is highly confined to the arrays (90% within a distance of 0.05λ from the array). The propagation loss in a straight array is 3 dB/8 cm. Routing of energy around 90° corners is possible with a power loss of 3–4 dB. Analogies to plasmon wires consisting of arrays of nm-size metal clusters are discussed.
Cellular Defense-Mechanisms of the Skin Against Oxidant Stress and in Particular Uva Radiation (1995)

Earlier studies have been mainly concerned with shortwave ultraviolet light of the sun. More recently, interest has shifted to the longwave ultraviolet (UVA) region which is present in sunlight in a much higher quantity than shortwave ultraviolet. Furthermore, most of the modern artificial ''sunlamps'' used in tanning salons emit predominantly UVA radiation. In our intention is to provide an overview regard ng the biological effects induced skin which are able to combat or prevent UVA radiation-induced damage. It importance to study the basic mechanisms of protection which are present in skin in order to allow for the potential development of synthetic defenses, which mimic those biologically present, for future use in biology and medicine
Time–Frequency Feature Fusion for Noise Robust Audio Event Classification (2019)

This paper explores the use of three different two-dimensional time–frequency features for audio event classification with deep neural network back-end classifiers. The evaluations use spectrogram, cochleogram and constant-Q transform-based images for classification of 50 classes of audio events in varying levels of acoustic background noise, revealing interesting performance patterns with respect to noise level, feature image type and classifier. Evidence is obtained that two well-performing features, the spectrogram and cochleogram, make use of information that is potentially complementary in the input features. Feature fusion is thus explored for each pair of features, as well as for all tested features. Results indicate that a fusion of spectrogram and cochleogram information is particularly beneficial, yielding an impressive 50-class accuracy of over $$96\%$$ in 0 dB SNR and exceeding $$99\%$$ accuracy in 10 dB SNR and above. Meanwhile, the cochleogram image feature is found to perform well in extreme noise cases of $$-\,5$$ dB and $$-\,10$$ dB SNR.
Pharmacogenomics of Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Pharmacogenomic Network of Cardiovascular Disease Models (2008)

The most important strategies in pharmacogenomics are gene expression profiling and the network analysis of human disease models. We have previously discovered novel drug target candidates in cardiovascular diseases through investigations of these pharmacogenomics. The significant induction of S100C mRNA and protein expression was detected in the rat pulmonary hypertension and myocardial infarction model. We also found increased taurine in hypoxia, a calcium-associated cytoprotective compound, to suppress the hypoxia-induced S100C gene expression and vascular remodeling. These results suggest that S100C may be one of the potential novel drug targets in hypoxic or ischemic diseases. Delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage causes cerebral ischemia and infarction. Using a DNA microarray, a prominant upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heat shock protein (HSP) 72 mRNAs were observed in the basilar artery of a murine vasospasm model. Antisense HO-1 and HSP 72 oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited HO-1 and HSP 72 induction, respectively, and significantly aggravated cerebral vasospasm. Moreover, we have also developed a unique heart failure model in zebrafish and identified several candidate genes as novel drug targets. These results suggest that pharmacogenomic network analysis has the potential to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies and could define strategies for identifying novel drug targets in various cardiovascular diseases.
An enhanced uplink scheduling algorithm based on voice activity for VoIP services in IEEE 802.16d/e system (2005)

An efficient uplink scheduling algorithm that can be used in IEEE 802.16d/e system for VoIP services is proposed to support as many voice users as possible. Our proposed algorithm requires no modification of the framework of IEEE 802.16d/e system. In this letter, we analyze the system throughput and the access delay of our proposed algorithm, and show, via OPNET simulation, that the throughput of our algorithm is superior to that of conventional algorithms in IEEE 802.16d/e system.
Purification and Further Properties of Single‐Strand‐Specific Nuclease from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (1973)

A simple scheme has been devised for the purification of Aspergillus nuclease S 1 from commercially available crude amylase powder. Five purification steps yield 90% pure nuclease with an overall yield of 27%. The enzyme is shown to be absolutely specific for single‐stranded nucleic acids. It degrades both DNA and RNA. The nuclease exhibits a sharp pH optimum at pH 4.2 and is active in low concentrations of dodecylsulfate. Aspergillus nuclease S 1 is a metalloprotein of molecular weight 32000. The utility of this nuclease for measuring annealing of labeled DNA is discussed.
Low Loss Two-Port Lumped Element Isolator using Improved Gyrator Circuit (2005)

Design equations for a new low loss two-port isolator are derived by analyzing the conventional two-port isolator and improved gyrator circuit. The isolator performance is simulated using the admittance matrix; the result provides an insertion loss, 0.25dB less at 1920MHz to 1980MHz, compared to conventional two-port isolator. Using these design equations, a 3.2X3.2X1.5mm3 cellular phone isolator which insertion loss is 0.36dBmax. at 1920MHz to 1980 MHz, is realized.