gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing causes of failures in the Global Research Network using active measurements (2010)

With the objective to better understand how the global Internet should achieve an availability in the order of five nines, i.e. be available 0.99999 of the time, active measurements were performed between Norway and China through the Global Research Network. End-to-end downtime statistics was continuously collected during a 3-month period up to mid February 2010. In addition to periodically sending probe packets between the two measurement systems, traceroute was used every two minutes to identify an exact IP-level path between the end-points. Also, TTL (time-to-live) counter in the IP-header, which is reduced by one on every hop, was analyzed for each packet. Causes of the observed network failures based on the collected data were identified and insight is gained into processes preceding and following communication downtimes. We distinguish inter- and intradomain failures and, when possible, identify an exact link or an Autonomous System where a certain event has happened. The study shows that the end-to-end path availability is mainly affected by interdomain failures and long BGP convergence time as well as series of events not straight forwardly explained by the anticipated (re)routing behavior.
Novel 2,4-Diamino-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Classical and Nonclassical Antifolate Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductases (1995)

Eight novel, nonclassical, antifolate 2,4-diamino-5-(anilinomethyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, 1-8, with 3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl, 3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl, 2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl, 4'-methoxyphenyl, 2',5'-diethoxyphenyl, 3',4'-dichlorophenyl, 1'naphthyl, and phenyl substituents were synthesized as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases (DHFRs). The classical analogue N-[4-[N-[(2,4-diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 5-yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (9) was also synthesized as an inhibitor of DHFR and an antitumor agent. The classical and nonclassical analogues were obtained via reductive condensations of the key intermediate 2,4-diamino-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (12) with the appropriate substituted aniline or (p-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate followed by reduction of the intermediate Schiff bases with NaCNBH3. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of rat liver (rl), Pneumocystis carinii (pc), and Toxoplasma gondii (tg) DHFRs. The nonclassical analogues were significantly selective against tgDHFR (vs rat liver DHFR), ranging from 7- to 92-fold. The inhibitory activity was lower in pcDHFR and rlDHFR (IC50s > 10(-5) M) than in tgDHFR (IC50s = 10(-6) M). The classical analogue had inhibitory activity similar to that of methotrexate (MTX) against the growth of human leukemia CCRF-CEM, A253, and FaDu squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck cell lines. Further evaluation of 9 against CCRF-CEM and its sublines having defined mechanisms of MTX resistance demonstrated that the analogue utilizes the reduced folate/MTX-transport system and primarily inhibits DHFR and poly-gamma-glutamylation plays a role in its mechanism of action. Compound 9 was found to be 3-fold more efficient than aminopterin as a substrate for human folylpolyglutamate synthetase.
A form-based approach for Web services by end-user-initiative application development (2003)

The number of end-users using the Internet is increasing in and out of offices. End-user-initiative development of applications has become important for automation of tasks. Applications for Web services should be supported by business professionals themselves because Web services must be modified frequently. This paper describes end-user-initiative application development methodologies for the MOON (multiagent-oriented office network) systems including window work in B-to-C and B-to-B electronic commerce. Window work is considered as a metaphor of the interface between service providers and their clients for Web services. The front-end of the system is constructed by a multi-agent framework. The back-end is developed by modeling techniques. The multi-agent framework is a Java application framework and is designed based on the simple concept that "one service is equal to one form." It provides form-based interfaces as a common XML-based protocol of {who, what, how} for end-users, which corresponds to the UDDI protocol of {white, yellow, green} pages. Form transformation from input to output implies service integration. Prototyping for the front-end system and the back-end system is performed in Java and XML.
Inheritance of maize grain yield components (2019)

The mode of inheritance of maize grain yield and grain yield components, such as kernel-row number, number of kernels per row, and 1000-kernel weight, was determined by use of diallel crosses. Estimates of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were highly significant (p lt 0.01) for all observed traits. Dominant gene effects were more significant in maize grain yield and number of kernels per row, while additive gene effects were more important for kernel-row number and 1000-kernel weight. The mode of inheritance of kernel-row number was partial dominance, while over-dominance was of greater importance for grain yield, number of kernels per row and 1000-kernel weight. Heterotic pattern between observed inbreds was determined by cluster analysis of SCA effects for grain yield. It showed clear grouping of inbreds in two groups, representing two major heterotic groups Lancaster and BSSS.
Circuit level simulation of <scp>MRI</scp> receive chain using excitation derived from images (2014)

ABSTRACT We introduce a novel component‐level simulation method with which to characterize the performance of the electronic interfaces and circuitry of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receiver. The Matlab‐based toolbox first reconstructs idealized coil free induction decay signals from real MR images, then uses these signals to drive a transistor‐level and extracted‐layout simulation of the desired receiver architecture. The simulated receiver's outputs are read back into the toolbox, which then reconstructs the MR images. By comparing the reconstructed images with the original ones, important design characteristics, such as the circuit's noise figure, linearity, phase noise, and inter‐channel coupling, can be investigated in terms of image quality. To validate the method, a new MRI receiver architecture is designed and simulated. The architecture is a 16‐channel multiplexer, designed for a commercially available 0.35 μm CMOS technology, and employs both frequency‐division and time‐division multiplexing to form a combined output signal. The SNR degradation and the circuit's linearity determined from the MR images compare well with the SNR and linearity point predictions from conventional circuit simulations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 44B: 102–113, 2015
Purification and Properties of Nonproteolytic Degraded ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylase from Maize Endosperm (1987)

ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase from developing endosperm tissue of starchy maize (Zea mays) was purified 88-fold to a specific activity of 34 micromoles alpha-glucose-1-P produced per minute per milligram protein. Rabbit antiserum to purified spinach leaf ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase was able to inhibit pyrophosphorolysis activity of the purified enzyme by up to 90%. The final preparation yielded four major protein staining bands following sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When analyzed by Western blot hybridization only the fastest migrating, 54 kilodaltons, protein staining band cross-reacted with affinity purified rabbit antispinach leaf ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase immunoglobulin. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be 230 kilodaltons. Thus, maize endosperm ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase appears to be comprised of four subunits. This is in contrast to the respective subunit and native molecular masses of 96 and 400 kilodaltons reported for a preparation of maize endosperm ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (Fuchs RL and JO Smith 1979 Biochim Biophys Acta 556: 40-48). Proteolytic degradation of maize endosperm ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase appears to occur during incubation of crude extracts at 30 degrees C or during the partial purification of the enzyme according to a previously reported procedure (DB Dickinson, J Preiss 1969 Arch Biochem Biophys 130: 119-128). The progressive appearance of a 53 kilodalton antigenic peptide suggested the loss of a 1 kilodalton proteolytic fragment from the 54 kilodalton subunit. The complete conservation of the 54 kilodalton subunit structure following extraction of the enzyme in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and/or chymostain was observed. The allosteric and catalytic properties of the partially purified proteolytic degraded versus nondegraded enzyme were compared. The major effect of proteolysis was to enhance enzyme activity in the absence of added activator while greatly decreasing its sensitivity to the allosteric effectors 3-P-glycerate and inorganic phosphate.
Stimulated Raman scattering in nonlinear periodic structures (2001)

We present an analysis of stimulated Raman scattering in nonlinear periodic structures such as fiber Bragg gratings. The interplay of Raman gain, Kerr nonlinearity, grating dispersion, and Bragg reflection leads to the formation of Raman gap solitons, enhanced Stokes pulse amplification, and distributed-feedback Raman oscillation.
Angiogenesis in reproductive tissues (1986)

Angiogenesis is the process of generating new capillaries and leads, therefore, to vascularization of tissues. This process occurs during embryological development and during pathological and physiological conditions in adult life, including those involving the reproductive organs. Recent studies, in the field of tumour biology in particular, have led to the identification of several factors responsible for inducing angiogenesis and the elucidation of ways of modulating their activity. This review summarizes our knowledge of angiogenesis in the ovary, testis, endometrium and placenta, and suggests ways in which further research might contribute to a better understanding of the processes controlling reproduction and identify new approaches to the regulation of fertility.
Vibrational Spectrum of Disilane (1957)

Raman spectra of the liquid and infrared spectra of the gaseous phase have been obtained for Si2H6 and Si2D6. With the exception of the torsional mode all fundamental frequencies have been observed and assigned to the proper normal modes. The coarse rotational structure of the perpendicular bands, ν8 and ν9, has been resolved and the corresponding Coriolis coupling coefficients determined. Comparisons with the spectra of ethane and digermane have been made.
Extracellular ATP and P2X7 receptor exert context-specific immunogenic effects after immunogenic cancer cell death (2016)

may also point to the release of such (as-yet-uncharacterized) agonists from dying cells. Lastly, observations are based on the heterotopic (subcutaneous) tumour model; it would be crucial to reanalyze the role of eATP in an orthotopic tumour model to overcome immunological variations stemming from incompatibility between the transplanted cancer type and the surrounding tissue.
Stimulation of p38 Phosphorylation and Activity by Arachidonic Acid in HeLa Cells, HL60 Promyelocytic Leukemic Cells, and Human Neutrophils (1998)

Although it is well appreciated that arachidonic acid, a second messenger molecule that is released by ligand-stimulated phospholipase A2, stimulates a wide range of cell types, the mechanisms that mediate the actions of arachidonic acid are still poorly understood. We now report that arachidonic acid stimulated the appearance of dual-phosphorylated (active) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as detected by Western blotting in HeLa cells, HL60 cells, human neutrophils, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells but not Jurkat cells. An increase in p38 kinase activity caused by arachidonic acid was also observed. Further studies with neutrophils show that the stimulation of p38 dual phosphorylation by arachidonic acid was transient, peaking at 5 min, and was concentration-dependent. The effect of arachidonic acid was not affected by either nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of the 5-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenases or by indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. Arachidonic acid also stimulated the phosphorylation and/or activity of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and of c-jun N-terminal kinase in a cell-type-specific manner. An examination of the mechanisms through which arachidonic acid stimulated the phosphorylation/activity of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in neutrophils revealed an involvement of protein kinase C. Thus, arachidonic acid stimulated the translocation of protein kinase C alpha, betaI, and betaII to a particulate fraction, and the effects of arachidonic acid on mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation/activity were partially inhibited by GF109203X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. This study is the first to demonstrate that a polyunsaturated fatty acid causes the dual phosphorylation and activation of p38.
MyShake: A smartphone seismic network for earthquake early warning and beyond (2016)

Large magnitude earthquakes in urban environments continue to kill and injure tens to hundreds of thousands of people, inflicting lasting societal and economic disasters. Earthquake early warning (EEW) provides seconds to minutes of warning, allowing people to move to safe zones and automated slowdown and shutdown of transit and other machinery. The handful of EEW systems operating around the world use traditional seismic and geodetic networks that exist only in a few nations. Smartphones are much more prevalent than traditional networks and contain accelerometers that can also be used to detect earthquakes. We report on the development of a new type of seismic system, MyShake, that harnesses personal/private smartphone sensors to collect data and analyze earthquakes. We show that smartphones can record magnitude 5 earthquakes at distances of 10 km or less and develop an on-phone detection capability to separate earthquakes from other everyday shakes. Our proof-of-concept system then collects earthquake data at a central site where a network detection algorithm confirms that an earthquake is under way and estimates the location and magnitude in real time. This information can then be used to issue an alert of forthcoming ground shaking. MyShake could be used to enhance EEW in regions with traditional networks and could provide the only EEW capability in regions without. In addition, the seismic waveforms recorded could be used to deliver rapid microseism maps, study impacts on buildings, and possibly image shallow earth structure and earthquake rupture kinematics.
Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation of Epoxides with Fluorinated Sulfones (2006)

The unprecedented nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of simple epoxides with fluorinated sulfones was achieved to give the beta-fluoroalkyl alcohols in one step. The negative "fluorine effect" in the nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of epoxides with fluorinated carbanions was probed by the reactivity comparison between carbanions PhSO2CF2- (3) and PhSO2CCl2- (4) and between carbanions PhSO2CHF- (7) and PhSO2CHCl- (13). The mediation of this fluorine effect by introducing another electron-withdrawing benzenesulfonyl group was found to be an effective way to significantly increase the nucleophilicity of the fluorinated carbanions, with the reactivity order [(PhSO2)2CF-] (16) > PhSO2CFH- (7) >> PhSO2CF2- (3).
Approaches to design of circuits for low-power computation (1996)

Great advances in technology over the last few decades have led to a convergence of computing and communications, and to quantum leaps in the capabilities of the resulting information hardware. Until recently, these improvements have been largely based on ever decreasing sizes of the features that can be fabricated on a silicon substrate. However, further improvements are now faced with a new limiting factor--power consumption. Both energy supply and its dissipation pose serious problems to realizing ultra-dense, peta-ops machines of the future. Decreasing power dissipation in both static and active operations of electronic systems depends on synergistic advancements in the development of materials technology, device technology, circuit architecture, and overall power management strategies.
One architectural approach to power conservation in digital systems involves selectively clocking portions of a circuit, so that they consume power only when they are being used. While this technique is currently employed in ad hoc ways in modern synchronous processors, delay-insensitive (DI) circuits provide a natural way to achieve these benefits automatically. This dissertation develops a theory of completeness and minimality of sets of primitives with respect to a large class of DI circuits. We design many useful DI modules giving their efficient and novel decompositions to minimize the number of internal switching events--which translate to lower energy consumption--and/or increase circuit throughput. Switch-level designs of some DI primitives are demonstrated. Furthermore, we develop a notion of dynamic, delay-insensitive data transmission and present various protocols to reduce energy usage in such communications.
In this dissertation, we study synchronous as well as self-timed circuits under the general rubric of computation. We introduce a theory of conservative and delay-insensitive computing as the basis for a design approach to ultra low-power computation in circuits where destruction of information--which fundamentally involves energy dissipation--is minimized. Moreover, we argue that these DI circuits will likely be competitive in size, if not distinctly better, when implemented on an event-based technology such as the Charge Coupled Device, or Superconducting Single Flux Quantum devices.
Finally, we investigate area-efficient design techniques for clocked, adiabatic circuits and identify some sources of energy dissipation that are shown to be avoidable.
Japan in Indo-China (1941)

Research Article| December 01 1941 Japan in Indo-China Virginia Thompson Virginia Thompson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1941) 10 (23): 268–275. https://doi.org/10.2307/3021760 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Virginia Thompson; Japan in Indo-China. Far Eastern Survey 1 December 1941; 10 (23): 268–275. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3021760 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Sensitivity of interface acoustic waves to the nature of the interface (2004)

A finite element analysis/boundary integral method (FEA/BIM) model is used to investigate the influence of the geometry and the composition of the interface on the properties of interface acoustic waves (IAW). The method considers a finite region treated by FEA and submitted to periodic boundary conditions, taking into account radiation in both the bottom and the top half-spaces. The influence of the IDT thickness and of the material choice for the interfacial film are discussed for some cuts and structures. It is found that the most significant contribution of the interface geometry is to the ability of an IAW device of efficiently guiding waves, i.e. to the propagation losses.
Joint MIMO equalization and decoding for 10GBASE-T transmission (2005)

IEEE is interested in specifying the next generation 10 Gbit/s copper cable Ethernet network, termed 10GBASE-T. In the design of a 10GBASE-T transmission system up to 100 meters of a standard category-6 (CAT-6) copper cable, equalization and decoding play a significant role in achieving reliable data communication. In this paper, we focus on the design of the equalization and decoding processes and propose a vector transmission system of a 4-dimensional trellis coded-modulation (TCM) with 10-PAM signaling. At the receiver, a joint multiple-input multiple-output equalization and decoding with a survival path feedback equalizer (SPFE) is employed. Based on the design, simulation results show that reliable transmissions at less than 10/sup -12/ BER can be achieved by the proposed system.
Trichloroacetic Acid Versus Salicylic Acid in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Dark-Skinned Patients (2015)

Trichloroacetic acid is more superior in treating comedonal lesions, whereas salicylic is more superior in treating inflammatory lesions, without significant different between their results.
Subtype-selective regulation of IP3 receptors by thimerosal via cysteine residues within the IP3-binding core and suppressor domain (2013)

IP(3)R (IP(3) [inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate] receptors) and ryanodine receptors are the most widely expressed intracellular Ca(2+) channels and both are regulated by thiol reagents. In DT40 cells stably expressing single subtypes of mammalian IP(3)R, low concentrations of thimerosal (also known as thiomersal), which oxidizes thiols to form a thiomercurylethyl complex, increased the sensitivity of IP(3)-evoked Ca(2+) release via IP(3)R1 and IP(3)R2, but inhibited IP(3)R3. Activation of IP(3)R is initiated by IP(3) binding to the IBC (IP(3)-binding core; residues 224-604) and proceeds via re-arrangement of an interface between the IBC and SD (suppressor domain; residues 1-223). Thimerosal (100 μM) stimulated IP(3) binding to the isolated NT (N-terminal; residues 1-604) of IP(3)R1 and IP(3)R2, but not to that of IP(3)R3. Binding of a competitive antagonist (heparin) or partial agonist (dimeric-IP(3)) to NT1 was unaffected by thiomersal, suggesting that the effect of thimerosal is specifically related to IP(3)R activation. IP(3) binding to NT1 in which all cysteine residues were replaced by alanine was insensitive to thimerosal, so too were NT1 in which cysteine residues were replaced in either the SD or IBC. This demonstrates that thimerosal interacts directly with cysteine in both the SD and IBC. Chimaeric proteins in which the SD of the IP(3)R was replaced by the structurally related A domain of a ryanodine receptor were functional, but thimerosal inhibited both IP(3) binding to the chimaeric NT and IP(3)-evoked Ca(2+) release from the chimaeric IP(3)R. This is the first systematic analysis of the effects of a thiol reagent on each IP(3)R subtype. We conclude that thimerosal selectively sensitizes IP(3)R1 and IP(3)R2 to IP(3) by modifying cysteine residues within both the SD and IBC and thereby stabilizing an active conformation of the receptor.
Syntheses and Evaluation of the Analgesic Activity of Some 4-Acetyl- 4-phenylpiperidine and 4-Hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine Derivatives (1999)

Synthesis and analgesic activity of 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives is a topic of high actuality. A s part of a programme towards obtaining new potential analgesics, ten derivatives of 4- acetyl-4-phenylpiperidine and ten derivatives of 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine were synthesised and characterized through spectroscopic techniques. All derivatives along with the parent compounds were evaluated for analgesic activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing assay and tail-flick test in mice. All derivatives of 4-acetyl-4-phenylpiperidine except one com pound exhibited more or less protection against mice writhing, whereas all the compounds proved to be inactive in the tail-flick test at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight.