gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alleviating the effect of the strict avalanche criterion (SAC) of symmetric-key encryption in wireless communication channels (2011)

The strict avalanche criterion (SAC) is a desirable property of traditional symmetric-key cryptographic algorithms. The SAC is said to be satisfied if, whenever a single input bit is complemented, each of the output bits changes with a probability of one half. In terms of the block ciphers context, such a small change in either the key or the plaintext should cause a drastic change in the ciphertext. Consequently catastrophic error results when decrypting the ciphertext. Although this criterion is desirable to assure security, these algorithms do not take into account the bit error characteristics of the wireless channel. If an error occurs in the encrypted data over the channel, which is highly likely in wireless channels, the decryption process at the receiver results in half the original bits to be in error due to the SAC effect. Therefore, the need for new secure encryption algorithm that takes into account the bit error characteristics of the wireless channel becomes necessary. In this paper, we present two methods to tackle this effect while at the same time not tolerating security. We first present a modification to the way the traditional Data Encryption Standard (DES) itself is performed to make it prone to errors caused by the wireless channel. Secondly, we present a modification to the way encrypted data is transmitted over the channel. The two proposed methods are shown to achieve less SAC effect and hence improved error performance, higher data rates, and at at least as secure as traditional encryption algorithms. We assume the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel model in our analysis.
High performance silver nanowire based transparent electrodes reinforced by conductive polymer adhesive (2015)

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are an essential component for modern opto-electronic devices such as solar cells, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and touch screen panels. However, traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) cannot meet the demand for the next generation highly flexible TCEs, and thus many novel alternative materials and technologies are blooming, such as super-aligned carbon nanotube, graphenes, conducting polymer and metal nanowire and so on. Among them, silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have been considered as one of the most promising technologies for TCEs, featured with superior electrical and optical properties. However, there are still two major challenges for Ag NWs-based TCEs technology to overcome. One is the poor mechanical interconnection between the Ag NWs conducting networks and transparent substrate, the other is the high contact resistance of the junctions among Ag NWs. Here we report a novel two-step electrostatic spraying process to fabricate Ag NWs TCEs composite with selectively coated conductive polymer, i.e. poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Additionally, we applied plasma treatment to the materials between two-step electrostatic spraying process, which rendered sintering of junctions between the Ag NWs at room temperature, and thus increasing the conductivity of the TCEs by at least three orders of magnitude. Results showed that by adjusting the electrostatic spraying process parameters, selective deposition can be achieved, i.e. the conductive polymer could tightly bound to the Ag NWs network. As compared to an even distribution of the coating layer in the whole area, selective coating rendered the negligible loss of transmittance (0.2% at most) and excellent adhesion to the substrate. Moreover, the composited TCEs exhibited 85.3% mean optical transmittance and 35.8 Ω/sq sheet resistance. Based on our results, we believe that this technology can be used for roll-to-roll preparation of silver nanowires (Ag NWs)-based TCEs.
Robust PID controller tuning with specification on modulus margin (2004)

An iterative controller tuning method based on a frequency criterion is proposed in this paper. The frequency criterion is defined as the weighted sum of squared errors between the desired and actual value of the modulus margin (inverse of the infinity norm of the sensitivity function), phase margin and crossover frequency. The criterion is minimized using the iterative Gauss-Newton algorithm. The gradient and Hessian of the criterion can be expressed in terms of the derivatives of the open-loop system with respect to the frequency. These derivatives, as well as the robustness margins and the related frequencies are computed using a plant model. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness and the simplicity of the proposed method for controller tuning.
Temperature affects the T-DNA transfer machinery of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1996)

Early studies on Agrobacterium tumefaciens showed that development of tumors on plants following infection by A. tumefaciens was optimal at temperatures around 22 degrees C and did not occur at temperatures above 29 degrees C. To assess whether this inability to induce tumors is due to a defect in the T-DNA transfer machinery, mobilization of an incompatibility group Q (IncQ) plasmid by the T-DNA transfer machinery of A. tumefaciens was tested at various temperatures. Optimal transfer occurred when matings were performed at 19 degrees C, and transfer was not seen when matings were incubated above 28 degrees C. Transfer of the IncQ plasmid was dependent upon induction of the virB and virD operons by acetosyringone but was not dependent upon induction of the tra genes by octopine. However, alterations in the level of vir gene induction could not account for the decrease in transfer with increasing temperature. A. tumefaciens did successfully mobilize IncQ plasmids at higher temperatures when alternative transfer machineries were provided. Thus, the defect in transfer at high temperature is apparently in the T-DNA transfer machinery itself. As these data correlate with earlier tumorigenesis studies, we propose that tumor suppression at higher temperatures results from a T-DNA transfer machinery which does not function properly.
4D Blood Flow Reconstruction Over the Entire Ventricle From Wall Motion and Blood Velocity Derived From Ultrasound Data (2015)

We demonstrate a new method to recover 4D blood flow over the entire ventricle from partial blood velocity measurements using multiple 3D+t colour Doppler images and ventricular wall motion estimated using 3D+t BMode images. We apply our approach to realistic simulated data to ascertain the ability of the method to deal with incomplete data, as typically happens in clinical practice. Experiments using synthetic data show that the use of wall motion improves velocity reconstruction, shows more accurate flow patterns and improves mean accuracy particularly when coverage of the ventricle is poor. The method was applied to patient data from 6 congenital cases, producing results consistent with the simulations. The use of wall motion produced more plausible flow patterns and reduced the reconstruction error in all patients.
A Tree-Based Protocol for Enforcing Quotas in Clouds (2014)

Services are increasingly being hosted on cloud nodes to enhance their performance and increase their availability. The virtually unlimited availability of cloud resources enables service owners to consume resources without quantitative restrictions, paying only for what they use. To avoid cost overruns, resource consumption must be controlled and capped when necessary. We present a distributed tree-based protocol for managing quotas in clouds that minimizes communication overheads and reduces the time required to determine whether a quota has been exhausted. Experimental evaluation shows that our protocol reduces communication costs by 42% relative to a distributed baseline solution and is up to 15 times faster.
1.58 μ m InGaAs quantum well laser on GaAs (2007)

We demonstrate the 1.58μm emission at room temperature from a metamorphic In0.6Ga0.4As quantum well laser grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. The large lattice mismatch was accommodated through growth of a linearly graded buffer layer to create a high quality virtual In0.32Ga0.68As substrate. Careful growth optimization ensured good optical and structural qualities. For a 1250×50μm2 broad area laser, a minimum threshold current density of 490A∕cm2 was achieved under pulsed operation. This result indicates that metamorphic InGaAs quantum wells can be an alternative approach for 1.55μm GaAs-based lasers.
A circuit simulation model for high-frequency power MOSFETs (1991)

A circuit simulation model suitable for modeling the static and dynamic switching characteristics of high-frequency power MOSFETs is reported. The model parameters were obtained from physical device layout, silicon doping, and measured electrical characteristics of power MOSFETs. Accurate voltage dependencies of the interelectrode capacitances were obtained from extensive two-dimensional device simulations. The voltage dependence of gate-drain capacitance was modeled using an analytic expression. The measured static current-voltage and transient-switching responses under resistive switching conditions are in excellent agreement with simulation results obtained from SPICE. The MOSFET subcircuit model was used to accurately predict the performance of a series-parallel resonant DC-DC converter using a multilevel system simulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal design and analysis of output multiplexer for Ka-band satellite transponder (2005)

Heat transfer paths from irises, resonators, low path filters, and a manifold to the transponder panel are defined. Through comparison between results of "thermal contact conductance model" and "one body model", it has been confirmed that it is not necessary to consider the thermal contact resistances between parts assembled by bolts. And a quantitative evaluation of the effect of silver plating on temperature rise has been done. With assumptions of uniform heat dissipation within local regions and fixed temperature at the base plate, temperature distribution, heat flux density distribution, and self-heating are obtained. And it is shown that the median of the resonator's temperature rise distribution is identical to the average value. Finally it is shown that temperature distributions within resonators connected to a manifold is the same as those in resonators which stand independently.
Combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in lung cancer: is this the beginning of the end for cancer? (2018)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved overall survival with an acceptable safety profile in a substantial proportion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, not all patients are sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade and, in some cases, programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors accelerate tumor progression. Several combination strategies are under evaluation, including the concomitant or sequential evaluation of chemotherapy or radiotherapy with immunotherapy. The current review provides an overview on the molecular rationale for the investigation of combinatorial approaches with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Moreover, the results of completed clinical studies will be reported.
The Addition of Alcohols to Some 1, 1-Difluoroethylenes (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Addition of Alcohols to Some 1, 1-DifluoroethylenesPaul Tarrant and Henry C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4, 1781–1783Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01148a104https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01148a104research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New developments in excimer laser micromachining by image projection (1996)

This talk describes recent advances in the novel use of mask projection for micromachining by excimer laser photoablation. (2 pages)
Vector microprocessors (1998)

Most previous research into vector architectures has concentrated on supercomputing applications and small enhancements to existing vector supercomputer implementations. This thesis expands the body of vector research by examining designs appropriate for single-chip full-custom vector microprocessor implementations targeting a much broader range of applications.
I present the design, implementation, and evaluation of T0 (Torrent-0): the first single-chip vector microprocessor. T0 is a compact but highly parallel processor that can sustain over 24 operations per cycle issuing only a single 32-bit instruction per cycle. T0 demonstrates that vector architectures are well suited to full-custom VLSI implementation and that they perform well on many multimedia and human-machine interface tasks.
The remainder of the thesis contains proposals for future vector microprocessor designs. I show that the most area-efficient vector register file designs have several banks with several ports, rather than many banks with few ports as used by traditional vector supercomputers, or one bank with many ports as used by superscalar microprocessors. To extend the range of vector processing, I propose a vector flag processing model which enables speculative vectorization of while loops. To improve the performance of inexpensive vector memory systems, I introduce virtual processor caches, a new form of primary vector cache which can convert some forms of strided and indexed vector accesses into unit-stride bursts.
Evaluation of Neural Network Performance by Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis: Examples from the Biotechnology Domain (1989)

A need exists for an unbiased measure of the accuracy of feed-forward neural networks used for classification. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis is suited for this measure, and was used to assess the performance of several different network weights. The area under an ROC and its standard error were used to compare different network weight sets, and to follow the performance of a network during the course of training. The ROC is not sensitive to the prior probabilities of examples in the testing set nor to decision bias. The area under an ROC curve is a readily understood measure, and should be used to evaluate neural networks and to report results of learning experiments. Examples are provided from experiments with data from the biotechnology domain.
Nathanaël et les théologiens. Prédication du culte de reconnaissance du ministère des enseignants en théologie (1996)

Bertrand Michel. Nathanaël et les théologiens. Prédication du culte de reconnaissance du ministère des enseignants en théologie. In: Études théologiques et religieuses, Tome 71, 1996/1. pp. 95-98.
Mouse spinal cord in cell culture. II. Synaptic activity and circuit behavior (1977)

1. Neurons in cell cultures of fetal mouse spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) develop extensive synaptic interconnections. 2. No spontaneous synaptic activity was detectable in the presence of tetrodotoxin or an elevated magnsium ion concentration, but statistical analysis of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) indicates that the quantal size was 200-250 muV, which was below the noise level of the recording system used. 3. In a sample of eight RDG-SC and seven SC-SC cell pairs linked by EPSPs, the quantal content of the SC-SC EPSPs was about 3.5-fold larger than for the DRG-SC EPSPs. 4. The extrapolated equilibrium potential for the SC-SC EPSP was about 20 mV positive. The IPSP reversed at a membrane potential of 60-80 mV negative. 5. Some examples of the types of synaptic circuits commonly encountered are given. Only one case of electrical coupling between neurons was found.
Policy analysis: an essential research tool for the introduction of vaccines in developing countries. (2004)

To address the unacceptable levels of disease in developing countries and the lack of vaccines to address infectious diseases, the public sector has been expanding its funding for, and involvement in, vaccine research and development. The public sector is becoming a full participant in the spectrum of translational research taking candidates from the laboratory to use in national immunization programmes. As these programmes and the continuing work of the private sector achieve success, an extensive analysis of policy will be needed to support the introduction of vaccines. Based on the early experience with the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine in several developing countries, there is a defined framework for the introduction of vaccines. This framework lays out five essential overlapping and complementary elements of introduction of vaccines in developing countries. Each element requires a clear understanding of policy-related issues. There is a pressing need to include and expand policy analysis on a wide range of topics to ensure that the poor in developing countries can have access to the fruits of modern biotechnology.
Source Apportionment of Fine Particulate Matter by Clustering Single-Particle Data:  Tests of Receptor Model Accuracy (2001)

The source apportionment accuracy of a neural network algorithm (ART-2a) is tested on the basis of its application to synthetic single-particle data generated by a source-oriented aerosol processes trajectory model that simulates particle emission, transport, and chemical reactions in the atmosphere. ART-2a successfully groups particles from the majority of sources actually present, when given complete data on ambient particle composition at monitoring sites located near the emission sources. As particles age in the atmosphere, accumulation of gas-to-particle conversion products can act to disguise the source of the primary core of the particles. When ART-2a is applied to synthetic single-particle data that are modified to simulate the biases in aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) measurements, best results are obtained using the ATOFMS dual ion operating mode that simultaneously yields both positive and negative ion mass spectra. The results of this study suggest that the use of continuous single-particle measurements coupled with neural network algorithms can significantly improve the time resolution of particulate matter source apportionment.
Enhanced indium phosphide substrate protection for liquid phase epitaxy growth of indium-gallium-arsenide-phosphide double heterostructure lasers (1983)

Thermal degradation of indium phosphide (InP) single crystal substrates prior to liquid phase epitaxy growth has been virtually eliminated by using an improved protection technique. The phosphorus partial pressure provided by a Sn-In-P solution localized inside an external chamber surrounding the InP substrate prior to growth prevents thermal damage to the surface. Nomarski contrast photomicrographs, as well as photoluminescence and x-ray diffractometric measurements indicate that InP substrates protected by this method suffer a negligible deterioration, in contrast to the results of the more commonly used cover-wafer method.
Identification of Human Housekeeping Genes and Tissue-Selective Genes by Microarray Meta-Analysis (2011)

The results indicate that sufficient samples have improved the identification of protein-encoding transcriptome of a tissue. Comprehensive meta-analysis has proved the high quality of our identified HK and TS genes. These results could offer a useful resource for future research on functional and genomic features of HK and TS genes.
Resistive Memory‐Based In‐Memory Computing: From Device and Large‐Scale Integration System Perspectives (2019)

In‐memory computing is a computing scheme that integrates data storage and arithmetic computation functions. Resistive random access memory (RRAM) arrays with innovative peripheral circuitry provide the capability of performing vector‐matrix multiplication beyond the basic Boolean logic. With such a memory–computation duality, RRAM‐based in‐memory computing enables an efficient hardware solution for matrix‐multiplication‐dependent neural networks and related applications. Herein, the recent development of RRAM nanoscale devices and the parallel progress on circuit and microarchitecture layers are discussed. Well suited for analog synapse and neuron implementation, RRAM device properties and characteristics are emphasized herein. 3D‐stackable RRAM and on‐chip training are introduced in large‐scale integration. The circuit design and system organization of RRAM‐based in‐memory computing are essential to breaking the von Neumann bottleneck. These outcomes illuminate the way for the large‐scale implementation of ultra‐low‐power and dense neural network accelerators.
Tetrahydroprotoberberibes Derived from R- ans S-1-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1974)

The syntheses of the optically-active diphenolicsubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (5a,b), tetrahydropseudoberberines (7a,b), and tetrahydroprotoberberines (8a,b), all related to the anti-Parkinson agent apomorphine (11, are described.None exhibited dopamimetic activity.
Thickness Mapping of the Cornea and Epithelium Using Optical Coherence Tomography (2008)

Thickness of the normal cornea and epithelium was greatest in the superior region. In all groups, the inferior cornea and epithelium was thinnest, and to a greater extent in the KC group.
Multivariate statistical process control charts: an overview (2006)

Abstract In this paper we discuss the basic procedures for the implementation of multivariate statistical process control via control charting. Furthermore, we review multivariate extensions for all kinds of univariate control charts, such as multivariate Shewhart‐type control charts, multivariate CUSUM control charts and multivariate EWMA control charts. In addition, we review unique procedures for the construction of multivariate control charts, based on multivariate statistical techniques such as principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). Finally, we describe the most significant methods for the interpretation of an out‐of‐control signal. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of Mixture Models using Cross‐Validation Optimization: Implications for Crop Yield Distribution Modeling (2011)

A critical issue in identifying an appropriate characterization of crop yield distributions is that the best‐fitting distribution in an in‐sample framework is not necessarily the best choice out‐of‐sample. This study provides a methodology for estimating flexible and efficient mixture models using cross‐validation that alleviates many of these associated model selection issues. The method is illustrated in an application to the rating of group risk insurance products. Results indicate that nonparametric models often fit best in‐sample but are inefficient and consistently overstate true rates, and vice versa for parametric models. The proposed model provides unbiased rates and also has desirable efficiency properties.