gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological mechanisms involved in ventricular fibrillation. (1975)

This report reviews the electrophysiological mechanisms involved in the initiation, maintenance, and termination of ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation may be defined as chaotic, random, asynchronous electrical activity of the ventricles due to repetitive re-entrant excitation and/or rapid focal discharge. The capacity to fibrillate is inherent in ventricular muscle because the electrophysiological properties of the various segments of the ventricle are not uniform. Factors that enhance electrical asynchrony facilitate, while factors that decrease electrical asynchrony hinder, the development of fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation may result following stimulation during the vulnerable period; under certain circumstances, rapid ventricular rates produced by ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias may provoke ventricular fibrillation. Once fibrillation is initiated, a large mass, brief refractory period, and slow conduction velocity favor perpetuation. Reducing the excitable ventricular mass to a value less than the amount necessary to support spontaneous fibrillation causes fibrillation to terminate. Depolarization of every cell in both ventricles is not necessary to terminate ventricular fibrillation in the entire heart.
EVOLUTION OF A TUMOR-LIKE LESION IN CEREBRORETINAL VASCULOPATHY AND <i>TREX1</i> MUTATION (2010)

Cerebroretinal vasculopathy (CRV) is an adult-onset autosomal dominant disorder involving the microvessels of the brain and retina due to frameshift mutations in the gene TREX1. 1,2 Patients present with vision loss, seizures, hemiparesis, apraxia, dysarthria, or memory loss. There is progression to blindness, a neurovegetative state, and death within 5 to 10 years. 1 MRI reveals a tumor-like lesion in approximately half of patients, resembling a primary brain malignancy, while in the other half there are multiple small white matter lesions which may be misdiagnosed as demyelinating disease. The purpose of this report is to heighten awareness of this disease and to note near resolution of the tumor-like lesion.
Melting Apparatus for the Synthesis of Bulk ZrF <sub>4</sub> ‐Based Fluoride Glass (1989)

Heavy‐metal fluoride glasses are currently prepared by melting of the solid fluoride precursors. We have constructed a melting facility for the synthesis of ZrF 4 ‐based fluoride glass cullet. This stand‐alone system provides a controlled (dry and reactive) atmosphere and in situ quenching of the melts. The glass is melted in a vitreous carbon crucible, which is mounted in a silica tube flow reactor. The reactor is resistively heated with a tube furnace and purged with He and SF 6 or Cl 2 . It was found that of the latter two halogenating species only Cl 2 prevents effectively the formation of black inclusions in the melt (ZrF 3 and ZrF 2 particles). With this melting apparatus we have routinely melted 250‐g batches of optically clear ZrF 4 –BaF 2 –LaF 3 –AlF 3 –NaF glass samples.
Acute graft-versus-host disease: inflammation run amok? (2001)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplanta- tion (HSCT) has substantially fulfilled its promise as a curative therapy for hematopoietic disorders and some dis- orders of metabolism. More recently, it has been investigated for its potential in establishing tolerance for organ trans- plantation. In its typical application, conditioning steps involving cytotoxic radiation or chemotherapy are admin- istered first, after which some combi- nation of stem cells, lymphocytes, den- dritic cells, and other cells is infused into the recipient. In the treatment of malignant disorders, the goal is to erad- icate the cancer through a combination of cytotoxic injury and destruction of the malignancy by immunologic attack, a response described as the graft-versus- leukemia (GVL) effect. This approach is limited by (a) collateral tissue damage from the conditioning regimen, (b) immunological injury to normal tissues (graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)), and (c) the ability of the malignancy to survive this dual assault. substantial damage to the basilar layer of the skin, the intestinal crypts, and the portal area of the liver. Apoptosis of cells in these areas results in rash, mucosal denudation and subsequent diarrhea, and/or biliary stasis. In severe cases it can be fatal. One hint that helps explain the organ selectivity and some aspects of the pathophysiology of GVHD is the target organ distribution per se — these organs are all primary or secondary barriers to the environment. The functions of skin and gut are self- evident, and the liver's extensive reticu- loendothelial system reinforces the bar- rier function of the endotoxin-rich intestinal mucosa. While we refer to the GVH reaction as a disease, it is better considered as a normal reaction of normal, donor lym- phocytes to what appears to the immune system to be a serious infec- tion. Thus, a reasonable framework in which to consider the induction of GVHD is that there is damage to the epithelium and endothelium by the conditioning regimen itself as well as by effects of the underlying disease. The injured tissues respond as if there were a serious infection, with the production of factors — cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, among others — that signal the immune system that infection or injury has occurred. The damaged tissues express antigens that are perceived as foreign by the immune system and are considered targets for elimination. The donor lymphocytes are in a milieu that fosters their direct attack on epithelia, causing tissue dam- age through perforin, granzyme B, and/or Fas/FasL interactions. They may also recruit other effector cells, such as granulocytes and macrophages (par- tially summarized in Figure 1). In addi- tion, the dysregulated production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF- α, IFN-γ, IL-1, and others, may cause direct tissue damage. Endotoxin may leak through these injured barriers, where it tends to fuel the response. Fur- ther injury to the barrier results in more release of endotoxin and exacerbation of the inflammation. Indirect support
Adjustable‐Speed Pumps for Utilities (1961)

This article discusses the suitability of adjustable‐speed centrifugal pumps for systems for which pipe friction is a predominant factor to be considered. Fewer adjustable‐speed pumps than constant‐speed pumps are required for a given job. The savings that result from the use of fewer units more than offset the initial higher cost of variable‐speed drives. In addition, because of the improved operating efficiency of a modern adjustable‐speed unit, substantial savings in power costs are possible. System curves, pump and drive selection, adjustable‐speed drives, and installation of drives are discussed in detail.
Review, Evaluation, and Comparison of Models for Predicting Lifting Capacity (1980)

Models related to lifting activities have been classified and reviewed. Predictive models are grouped under psychophysical capacity modeling, physiological energy requirement modeling, and biomechanical stress modeling. Within each group, the models have been compared and evaluated. In addition, psychophysical and physiological model groups have been compared.
Weed detection in rice fields using aerial images and neural networks (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the use of neural networks (NN) to detect weed plants in rice fields based on aerial images. For this purpose, images are taken at 50 meters high with 16.1 megapixels CMOS digital camera mount-ted on an autonomous electrical fixed wind plane. Then, an ortho-mosaic map of the field is created by stitching 250 pictures, as the image is ortho-corrected, the pixel information on the final map is more reliable for the analysis. For the NN training, Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GCLM) with Haralicks descriptor are used for texture classification as well as Normalized Difference Index (NDI) for color. As result we have 99% precision for detection of weed on the test data, this indicates that neural networks can have a good performance on the weed detection on rice fields. For weed plants similar in form to rice plants, the level of detection was low, due to images resolution when this are taken at 50 meter high over the ground.
ADP‐ATP Carrier of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> contains a mitochondrial import signal between amino acids 72 and 111 (1988)

The ADP-ATP carrier (also referred to as the adenine nucleotide translocator) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded by a nuclear gene, translated in the cytosol, and imported into the mitochondrial inner membrane. In order to study the determinants of mitochondrial import, a series of fusion proteins, consisting of the first 21, 72, and 111 amino acids of the ADP-ATP carrier, joined to mouse dihydrofolate reductase were generated. Dihydrofate reductase is a cytoslic protein that does not bind mitochondria. The reticulocyte lysate reaction containing the 35S-methionine-labeled protein was incubated with mitochondria in a buffer containing 3% BSA. Following incubation for import, the reactions were treated with 1 mM PMSF or 25 micrograms/ml proteinase K; mitochondria were reisolated and analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The 21 and 72 amino acid hybrid proteins showed a low level of binding to mitochondria: the bound form was entirely protease accessible. The 111 amino acid hybrid protein was imported to a protease-protected location within mitochondria. It is concluded that the first 72 amino acids of the ADP-ATP carrier do not suffice to import the protein into mitochondria and that the region between amino acids 72 and 111, a region that contains a transmembrane-spanning domain, constitutes at least part of the mitochondrial import signal.
Plasmid replication initiator protein RepD increases the processivity of PcrA DNA helicase (1999)

The replication initiator protein RepD encoded by the Staphylococcus chloramphenicol resistance plasmid pC221 stimulates the helicase activity of the Bacillus stearothermophilus PcrA DNA helicase in vitro. This stimulatory effect seems to be specific for PcrA and differs from the stimulatory effect of the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L3. Whereas L3 stimulates the PcrA helicase activity by promoting co-operative PcrA binding onto its DNA substrate, RepD stimulates the PcrA helicase activity by increasing the processivity of the enzyme and enables PcrA to displace DNA from a nicked substrate. The implication of these results is that PcrA is the helicase recruited into the replisome by RepD during rolling circle replication of plasmids of the pT181 family.
Bandwidth efficient concatenated coding schemes (2010)

Concatenated coded modulation is a powerful method for constructing coding schemes with large coding gain and low decoding complexity. For the concatenated scheme, the outer code has redundancy and the overall transmission rate is reduced. The problem of bandwidth expansion can be overcome by two procedures. First, the code rate of inner codes is increased with a special coding design. Second, a two-level concatenated scheme is constructed to compensate the rate loss. This way, the low-complexity concatenated coded modulation schemes can be designed without bandwidth expansion as compared with the uncoded scheme.
Mono-vision based moving object detection in complex traffic scenes (2017)

Vision-based dynamic objects motion segmentation can significantly help to understand the context around vehicles, and furthermore improve road traffic safety and autonomous navigation. Therefore, moving object detection in complex traffic scene becomes an inevitable issue for ADAS and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose an approach that combines different multiple views geometry constraints to achieve moving objects detection using only a monocular camera. Self-assigned weights are estimated online moderating the contribution of each constraint. Such a combination enhances the detection performance in degenerated situations. According to the experimental results, the proposed approach provides accurate moving objects detections in dynamic traffic scenarios with large camera motions.
Preventing a covid-19 pandemic (2020)

In the aftermath of the 2009 H1N1 global threat, the Department of Health's pandemic preparedness planning team paid particular attention to the value, or otherwise, of containment as a strategy to prevent spread. In 2009 considerable time and effort were spent on a catch, isolate, and treat approach in the early stages of the emerging pandemic, and public health teams were expending considerable energy with, as it turned out, little effect. The resulting UK Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Strategy 2011 1 emphasised the need to maintain the continuity of essential services and continue everyday activities as far as possible.
An Ultralow Noise and Narrow Linewidth $\lambda/4$-Shifted DFB Er-Doped Fiber Laser With a Ring Cavity Configuration (2007)

We report a polarization-maintaining lambda/4-shifted distributed feedback (DFB) Er-doped fiber laser with a ring cavity configuration. The ring cavity suppressed the self-pulsation of the stand-alone Er-doped DFB fiber laser. The laser with a 57-m-long ring cavity achieved single-longitudinal-mode operation, a linewidth as narrow as 6 kHz, and relaxation-oscillation-free noise characteristics.
Distance-based skeletonization of 3D images (2002)

A new algorithm for determining the skeleton of a 3D binary image is presented. A topological approach is taken in which the exterior points of the image are sequentially deleted while preserving the image's topology. The order in which exterior points are processed is important, as different orderings produce different skeletons. In this paper points are processed in ascending distance order as defined by the distance transform of the image. This produces a skeleton that lies along the ridges of the distance transform, and so is positioned centrally within the objects. The algorithm is implemented efficiently using ordered queues such that precalculation of the distance transform is not required, unlike many existing methods. Indeed the distance transform is produced as a side-effect of the algorithm. Results are presented for 3D confocal microscope images.
Food Stabilization, Glucose Conversion in Preparation of Albumen Solids by Glucose Oxidase-Catalase System (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFood Stabilization, Glucose Conversion in Preparation of Albumen Solids by Glucose Oxidase-Catalase SystemDon. ScottCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1953, 1, 11, 727–730Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60011a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60011a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Guided Problem Diagnosis through Active Learning (2008)

There is widespread interest today in developing tools that can diagnose the cause of a system failure accurately and efficiently based on monitoring data collected from the system. Over time, the system monitoring data will contain two types of failure data: (i) annotated failure data L, which is monitoring data collected from failure states of the system, where the cause of failure has been diagnosed and attached as annotations with the data; and (ii) unannotated failure data U. Previous work on wholly- or partially-automated diagnosis focused on L or U in isolation. In this paper, we argue that it is important to consider both L and U together to improve the overall accuracy of diagnosis; and in particular, to proactively move instances from U to L. However, such movement requires manual diagnosis effort from system administrators. Since manual diagnosis is expensive and time-consuming, we propose an algorithm to make the best use of manual effort while maximizing the benefit gained from newly diagnosed instances. We report an experimental evaluation of our algorithm using data from a variety of failures - both single failures and multiple correlated failures - injected in a testbed, as well as with synthetic data.
The maximum flow algorithm applied to the placement and distributed steady-state control of UPFCs (2005)

The bulk power system is one of the largest man-made networks and its size makes control an extremely difficult task. This paper presents a method to control a power network using UPFCs set to levels determined by a maximum flow (max-flow) algorithm. The graph-theory-based max-flow is applied to the power system for UPFC placement and scheduling. A distributed version of max-flow is described to coordinate the actions of the UPFCs distributed in a power network. Two sample power systems were tested using max-flow for UPFC placement and settings. The resulting system characteristics are examined over all single-line contingencies and the appropriateness of the maximum flow algorithm for power flow control is discussed.
Modulation of Ca2+ influx dependent on store depletion by intracellular adenine-guanine nucleotide levels. (1994)

The effects of a number of metabolic inhibitors on the influx of Ca2+ activated by stimulation of receptors coupled to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation or by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin were investigated in four different cell types: Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, Jurkat and HeLa cell lines, and rat hepatocytes. Independently of their chemical structure and site of inhibition, all of these metabolic poisons markedly inhibited Ca2+ influx without significantly affecting Ca2+ release. This inhibition was not due to membrane potential depolarization or to alteration in cytosolic pH but appeared correlated to a drop in the cellular concentration of ATP. The decreases in cellular [ATP] were paralleled by decreases in [GTP] and by increases in [ADP] and [GDP]. The reduction in ATP level necessary to drastically reduce Ca2+ influx was quite small, e.g. a 50% inhibition for a 5% reduction in [ATP], thus within the range of fluctuation presumably occurring under physiological conditions. We suggest that changes in the adenine or guanine nucleotide concentrations may represent an important modulatory mechanism of Ca2+ influx activated by store depletion.
Relation between microstructure and glass transition temperature of poly[(methyl methacrylate)‐<i>co</i>‐(ethyl acrylate)] (2001)

Abstract The glass transition temperature of a series of samples of the poly[(methyl methacrylate)‐ co ‐(ethyl acrylate)] copolymer, synthesized at low conversion, were calculated theoretically using the equations of Barton and Johnston. The values obtained are more precise when the probabilities of the compositional diads are derived from the 13 C NMR data instead of the classical method utilizing reactivity ratios. This can be observed more clearly when the copolymer samples are synthesized at high conversion. Introduction of configuration (tacticity) at the diad level confirms the above observations and slightly improves the calculated values of T g compared to the initial formulae which were only taking into account the compositional sequences of the copolymer. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Low-temperature acoustics (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
Transgene CD23 expression on lymphoid cells modulates IgE and IgG1 responses. (1994)

Transmembrane (m) and soluble (s) forms of CD23 perform activities related to various immune functions. Abnormal expression patterns of CD23 on lymphoid cells have been associated with certain pathologic conditions. To explore the effects of CD23 when it is overexpressed, on lymphoid cell development and immune function in vivo, transgenic mice were generated. These mice overexpressed either mCD23 or a 38-kDa molecular form of sCD23. Transgene expression under the control of Thy-1-regulatory sequences and the mouse Ig heavy chain enhancer (E mu) was prominent in thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Cells that expressed the transgenes included most thymocytes, peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IgM+/highIgD-/low immature B cells, and IgMlowIgDhigh mature B cells. To resolve the expression pattern in the B cell lineage unambiguously, we used mice that carried a transgene and a disrupted endogenous CD23 gene simultaneously. Neither mCD23 nor sCD23 overexpression caused significant alterations in lymphoid cell maturation. In addition, basal serum levels of IgE and IgG1 proved to be normal. In three different experimental immune response paradigms, mCD23 transgenic, but not sCD23 and nontransgenic mice proved to be impaired in increasing serum levels of polyclonal IgE up to expected levels. In addition, mCD23 transgenic mice showed below normal increases of serum IgG1 levels in two of the three immune responses. In the presence of activated T cells and appropriate lymphokines, B cells from mCD23 mice secreted normal amounts of IgE and IgG1 in vitro, which suggests that there was no serious impairment of the T-B cell contact required for Ig production. In addition, there is no evidence for a significant role of mCD23 in IgE clearance. Therefore, we discuss alternative mechanisms by which mCD23+ B and/or T cells influence Ig production.
Covalent Immobilization of Proteins onto (Maleic Anhydride-<i>alt</i>-methyl Vinyl Ether) Copolymers:  Enhanced Immobilization of Recombinant Proteins (1998)

Two genetically modified HIV-1 capsid p24 proteins, RH24 and RH24K, were covalently bound to maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether (MAMVE) copolymer, under aqueous conditions. We demonstrated that the addition of a six lysine unit tag at the COOH-terminus of RH24K greatly improved the grafting reaction which could take place under many different experimental conditions. The course of the reaction was controlled by electrostatic attractive forces between the protein and the negatively charged polymer, as the chemical binding was more efficient at low ionic strength. The maximum loading capacity of the polymer depended on whether the protein bore the lysine tag (RH24K) or not (RH24). Twenty-four molecules of RH24 could be immobilized per polymer chain and 49 for RH24K. Such a difference could be explained by a difference of orientation of the protein on the polymer, side-on for RH24 and end-on for RH24K to account for the observed high packing density.
A case of ophthalmomyiasis interna in the Pacific Northwest (2017)

Aspiration with pars plana vitrectomy can be considered a primary therapeutic modality for botfly larvae suspended in the vitreous. In our case, <i>in toto</i> removal of the larvae reduced the risk of inflammatory reaction.