gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TCR Redirected T Cells for Cancer Treatment: Achievements, Hurdles, and Goals (2020)

Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach designed to harness T cell specificity and function to fight diseases. Based on the evidence that T lymphocytes can mediate a potent anti-tumor response, initially ACT solely relied on the isolation, <i>in vitro</i> expansion, and infusion of tumor-infiltrating or circulating tumor-specific T cells. Although effective in a subset of cases, in the first ACT clinical trials several patients experienced disease progression, in some cases after temporary disease control. This evidence prompted researchers to improve ACT products by taking advantage of the continuously evolving gene engineering field and by improving manufacturing protocols, to enable the generation of effective and long-term persisting tumor-specific T cell products. Despite recent advances, several challenges, including prioritization of antigen targets, identification, and optimization of tumor-specific T cell receptors, in the development of tools enabling T cells to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, still need to be faced. This review aims at summarizing the major achievements, hurdles and possible solutions designed to improve the ACT efficacy and safety profile in the context of liquid and solid tumors.
A New Framework to Deal with OOV Words in SLT System (2011)

Automatic spoken language translation (SLT) is considered as one of the most challenging tasks in modern computer science and technology. It is always a hard nut to deal with the problem of Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words in SLT. The existing traditional SLT framework often doesn’t take effect for OOV words translation because of the data sparseness. In this paper based on the analysis of common OOV expressions appeared in SLT, we propose a new framework for bidirectional Chinese-English SLT in which a series of approaches to translating OOV expressions are presented. The experimental results have shown that our framework and approaches are effective and can greatly improve the translation performance.
Single-image shadow detection and removal using paired regions (2011)

In this paper, we address the problem of shadow detection and removal from single images of natural scenes. Different from traditional methods that explore pixel or edge information, we employ a region based approach. In addition to considering individual regions separately, we predict relative illumination conditions between segmented regions from their appearances and perform pairwise classification based on such information. Classification results are used to build a graph of segments, and graph-cut is used to solve the labeling of shadow and non-shadow regions. Detection results are later refined by image matting, and the shadow free image is recovered by relighting each pixel based on our lighting model. We evaluate our method on the shadow detection dataset. In addition, we created a new dataset with shadow-free ground truth images, which provides a quantitative basis for evaluating shadow removal.
Production of Silica from Rice husk (2014)

Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste, which is easily available in the market and Silica (SiO2) is the most abundant material in the earth's crust. This paper addresses the production of silica from the rice husk. The Rice husk ash (RHA) is obtained by burning of rice husk in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 500, 600 and 700 0 C, which is bio-organic Silica (SiO2) and has high pozzolanic activity. The temperature and the time duration for the combustion process are optimized. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis is carried out to determine the chemical composition of rice husk and that of the rice husk ash. The formed rice husk ash is treated with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce silica. The obtained silica is used for the various applications like automotive industry, cosmetic industry, etc. The compound of silica like Sodium silicate (NaSiO3) is used for water treatment, concrete treatment, cement production, etc. The brief explanation for the process is given below.
A multiagent architecture for a web-based adaptive educational system (2000)

The widespread use of the Web in distance learning, the particular nature of the distance learning student and the dispersion of the relevant information sources increase the importance of developing interactive systems, which adapt to the information and communication needs of each student. We have developed a multiagent decision system which adapts to the user&apos;s needs. To best accomplish this, we have chosen heterogeneous agents which combine the solutions learned with different bias corresponding to different machine learning methods (C5.0, Naive Bayes, Progol, Backpropagation, Tilde and Autoclass). Introduction In order to solve the problems characteristic of Distance Learning (DL) Education on the Web we have constructed a multiagent architecture, which is intended to be adaptable to the user&apos;s needs (Boticario &amp; Gaudioso 1999) and which is based on a combination of techniques applied in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) (Weber &amp; Specht 1997), adaptive hypermedia pro...
Reliagram-a communication abstraction for distributed processing (2002)

The authors have designed and implemented an efficient transport-level protocol called reliagram transport protocol (RGP) that provides a connectionless communication abstraction called reliagram. A reliagram represents a message that can be reliably and asynchronously sent and received by the RGP applications. Novel features of RGP include explicit transfer of transport-level state information to the application layer, rate-based transmission control, and a selective retransmission strategy. A prototype implementation shows that RGP provides superior performance as compared to UDP and thus can serve as a basis for building distributed programming systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dehydrocoupling of SiMe2H substituents in permethylated zirconocene complexes (2011)

Complex [Zr{η 5 -C 5 Me 4 (SiMe 2 H)} 2 Cl 2 ] ( 1 ) was prepared by the reaction of lithium salt of 2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1-(dimethylsilyl)cyclopenta-2,4-diene with [ZrCl 4 ] in boiling THF. The reduction of 1 with excess magnesium in THF in the presence of excess bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (btmsa) afforded the bivalent metal ansa- disilylene complex with π-coordinated btmsa [Zr(η 2 -btmsa){η 5 -C 5 Me 4 (SiMe 2 )} 2 ] ( 2 ). The dehydrocoupling of SiMe 2 H groups was accompanied by a hydrogen transfer to releasing btmsa to give a mixture of cis - and trans -1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethene. Chlorination of 2 with PbCl 2 afforded ansa -[Zr{η 5 -C 5 Me 4 (SiMe 2 )} 2 Cl 2 ] ( 3 ) and liberated btmsa. The crystal structures of complexes, 1 , 2 and 3 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Proposed graphene nanospaser (2014)

We propose a novel nanospaser that operates in the mid-infrared region and utilizes a nanopatch of graphene as its plasmonic core and a quantum-well cascade as its gain medium. This design takes advantage of the low optical losses in graphene resulting from its high electron mobility. The proposed quantum cascade graphene spaser generates optical fields with unprecedentedly high nanolocalization, which is characteristic of graphene plasmons. This spaser will be an efficient nanosource of intense and coherent hot-spot fields in the mid-infrared spectral region with potential widespread applications in mid-infrared nanoscopy, nanospectroscopy, nanolithography, and optoelectronic information processing. Researchers in the USA have proposed a nanoscale device that could be capable of creating a localized, intense mid-infrared field. Vadym Apalkov and Mark Stockman from Georgia State University say that their ‘nanospaser’ would be useful for applications such as nanospectroscopy, nanolithography and nanoscopy. Their design consists of a nanopatch of graphene that supports plasmons atop a gain-providing stack of semiconductor quantum wells. The system of quantum wells is similar to that found at the heart of a quantum cascade laser. When driven electrically, the nanospaser should generate concentrated, coherent optical fields that localize near the surface of the graphene. Although optically excited spasers have already been reported, this device, if experimentally realized, would be the world’s first electrically pumped spaser.
Is Nitrogen Present in Li<sub>3</sub>N·P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> Solid Electrolytes Produced by Ball Milling? (2019)

Nitrogenous solid electrolytes such as lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) have effectual interfacial compatibility with lithium metal; in part, this has enabled the development of thin-film solid-state batteries with excellent long-term cycling performance. However, most known nitrogen-containing solid electrolytes lack the ionic conductivity required for high-power/high-capacity batteries; therefore, the development of new nitrogenous solid electrolytes with increased ionic conductivity is highly desirable. The mechanical milling of lithium nitride (Li3N) with phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) has previously been reported to produce amorphous lithium-ion conductors, but the composition of these materials and the reactions occurring during the milling processes were hitherto undetermined. Here, we show that mechanochemically milled Li3N·P2S5 solid electrolytes contain less nitrogen than expected as N2 gas is released during an early stage of the ball milling process. Li3N·P2S5 solid electrolytes are mixtures composed of multiple lithium thiophosphates, lithium sulfide, and red phosphorus. We show that amorphous Li3PS4 is responsible for the ionic conductivity of Li3N·P2S5 electrolytes produced by ball milling.
Asymmetric Skeletal Rearrangement of Symmetrically α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Aldehydes:  A New Entry to Optically Active α-Hydroxy Ketones (2003)

A unique asymmetric skeletal rearrangement of symmetrically alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino aldehydes has been accomplished for the first time using a chiral organoaluminum Lewis acid 1. For instance, treatment of (S)-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylamino)-1,1'-binaphthyl with Me3Al (1.0 equiv) in toluene at room temperature for 15 min and at 110 degrees C for an additional 15 min produced (S)-1, and a subsequent reaction with alpha -amino aldehyde 2a (R = CH2Ph) at -78 degrees C for 4 h and at -40 degrees C for 12 h resulted in the smooth rearrangement to the zwitterionic iminium intermediate A, which furnished the alpha-hydroxy ketone 3a (R = CH2Ph) in 93% isolated yield with 95% ee (S) after acidic hydrolysis. This result, together with other representative examples, clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the present method for the hitherto difficult asymmetric synthesis of acyloins. Furthermore, we found that the treatment of the in situ generated A with DIBAH afforded the corresponding anti amino alcohol exclusively without loss of enantiomeric excess. Our approach casts light on the previously unexplored yet potential utility of alpha-amino aldehydes as synthetic building blocks and also provides a new entry to optically active alpha-hydroxy ketones and 1,2-amino alcohols.
Optimization and simulation of continuous affinity-recycle extraction (care). (1990)

Simulation and optimization of continuous affinity recycle extraction (CARE), a protein purification unit operation based on protein adsorption to solid phase adsorbents, is described in this paper. Rather than packing conventional adsorbent particles in a fixed bed (column), solid/liquid contact is carried out in well-mixed reactors. Continuous operation is achieved by recirculation of the adsorbent particles between two or more contactors. The feasibility of this purification scheme was established with the recovery and isolation of the enzyme beta-galactosidase from E.coli, using the affinity support PABTG/Agarose. A mathematical model describing system performance was developed. The mathematical model was used to optimize several facets of the system design and operation. The base two-stage contractor design was modified by the addition of an intermediate wash stage as well as the incorporation of multiple adsorption stages. These design modifications serve to increase purification, concentration and recovery while utilizing the same amount of adsorbent. The methodology for defining and optimizing objective functions was developed and experimentally validated. Finally, optimum system start-up protocols, minimizing the time required to reach steady-state operation, were developed and experimentally validated. The impact of early introduction of adsorptive purification in a downstream processing sequence, with CARE, was evaluated and is described. Through the early introduction of a highly specific adsorptive step, significant purification is achieved simultaneously with clarification and concentration. In addition, purification performance in CARE was contrasted with that achievable in conventional column chromatography.
All-optical laser synchronization and clock recovery based on dynamic parametric gain modulation (2002)

A novel all-optical scheme for laser synchronization and clock recovery is demonstrated by combining the parametric gain modulation in a pulse-pumped nonlinear loop mirror with soliton shaping in a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror.
Light-induced effects in GaAs f.e.t.s (1979)

It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the variations of the d.c. and dynamic properties in a GaAs f.e.t. when a light beam strikes the transistor's gate can be accounted for by an appropriate change in the gate-junction equivalent built-in voltage. A simple relationship connects this change with the variations of the light intensity.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Allylboration:  Discovery, Optimization, and Application to the Formation of Stereogenic Quaternary Carbon Centers (2004)

A full account of the development of the first catalytic manifold for the additions of allylboronates to aldehydes is described. The thermal additions (both diastereospecific and enantioselective) of 2-carboxyester 3,3-disubstituted allylboronates 1 to both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes give biologically and synthetically important exo-methylene butyrolactones 2 containing a beta-quaternary carbon center. Although the thermal reaction requires 14 d at room temperature to reach completion, the presence of certain metal salts allows for a 12-16 h reaction while preserving the diastereospecificity observed in the uncatalyzed process. Preliminary mechanistic studies on the origin of the catalytic effect are described as well as stereoselective transformations of lactones 2 into cyclic and acyclic stereotriads with potential usefulness as synthetic intermediates.
A Wireless Sensor Network System for Pressure and Temperature Signals Monitoring (2007)

In this work, a design of wireless system for multi- sensors monitoring has been presented. The main purpose of this research is to develop an efficient telemetry system for measuring water pressure and temperature signals. The system reads data from two types of sensors, resistive and capacitive. Anderson circuit configuration has been used for the resistive sensor, since it offers linear like behavior. The capacitive interface is based on capacitance-frequency-voltage conversion that uses phase lock loop (PLL) to convert the frequency to voltage. A developed pressure sensors based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used to evaluate the performance of the capacitive interface. Two mechanisms have been adopted to reduce the overall power consumption. These are power scheduling and wakeup circuit for the capacitive interface. The first one is implemented fully by the micro-controller unit (MCU) in order to switch on/off all the system units. A wakeup circuit has been designed to interrupt the MCU when it is in the sleep mode and the capacitive samples are changing significantly. A platform for wireless sensor network (WSN) has been developed so that the receiver side can communicate with more than one sensor node.
Breast cancer risk prediction and individualised screening based on common genetic variation and breast density measurement (2012)

Taken together, genetic risk factors and mammographic density offer moderate improvements to clinical risk factor models for predicting breast cancer.
Die U.S. Army im Wandel? Anpassung an die Erfordernisse der Aufstandsbekämpfung und von Stabilisierungsmissionen (2011)

Die Bekämpfung von Aufständischen im Irak und in Afghanistan nötigte Regierung und Militär der USA, Rolle und Relevanz von Stabilisierungsaufgaben für die amerikanische Sicherheitspolitik neu zu bewerten. Vom Jahr 2005 an brachte die Bush-Regierung die Thematik auf die innenpolitische Tagesordnung der USA. Sie machte sich sowohl für eine umfangreiche Anpassung der militärischen Fähigkeiten zur Aufstandsbekämpfung und Stabilisierung stark als auch für eine Anpassung der zivilen Fähigkeiten zum Staatsaufbau. Die Obama-Regierung setzte nach Amtsantritt die eingeleiteten Bemühungen fort. Doch wie erfolgreich waren die bisherigen politischen Anstrengungen, das amerikanische Heer und die für den Wiederaufbau zuständigen Ministerien in Struktur und Arbeitsweise auf die Herausforderungen auszurichten, die mit Aufstandsbekämpfung und Stabilisierungsmissionen verbunden sind? Welche Anpassungen sind bei der U.S. Army in Struktur, Ausrüstung, Training und Ausbildung erfolgt? Werden die zivilen Fähigkeiten innerhalb des Heeres wie auch in den relevanten Ministerien ausgebaut? Bundesregierung und Streitkräfte in Deutschland stehen aktuell im Zuge des Afghanistan-Einsatzes und der Strukturreform der Bundeswehr in ähnlicher Weise vor der Frage, in welchem Ausmaß insbesondere das Heer an die Erfordernisse der Aufstandsbekämpfung angepasst werden soll und wie der sogenannte vernetzte Ansatz besser umgesetzt werden kann. Einblicke in den Stand der amerikanischen Anstrengungen können für sie lehrreich sein und als Grundlage für eine unabhängige Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage nach Nutzen und Notwendigkeit einer solchen Anpassung dienen
Population dynamics of adult‐formed granule neurons of the rat olfactory bulb (1985)

The population dynamics of internal granule cells in the rat olfactory bulb during adult life were analyzed in histological sections and in autoradiograms with (1) counts of granule cells, (2) counts of labeled granule cells 1 month after injection of 3H-thymidine at various ages, and (3) counts of labeled granule cells at varying survival times (up to 18 months) after injection at 3 months and 24 months. The total number of granule cells increases linearly throughout life, approximately doubling between 3 and 31 months. Autoradiographic studies show that the rate of production of new granule cells decreases from 3 to 12 months and then is approximately constant during the rest of the life span. The number of labeled cells found 6 months after injection at 3 and 24 months is about one-fourth and one-half, respectively, that of the number at a 1-month survival, suggesting that many of the cells produced to do not survive. However, at least some granule cells labeled at 3 months survive for 18 months. A model is suggested in which granule cells are produced continuously throughout life and control of the total number of granule cells is effected chiefly through the rate of cell death.
Antibacterial activity of enterococci strains against <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (1997)

Thirty-seven strains of enterococci isolated from milk and milk products from Santa Fe (Argentina) region were tested for antagonistic activity against Vibrio cholerae 01 and non-01. Seven of 17 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, five of 10 strains of Enterococcus faecium and four of 10 strains of Enterococcus durans produced inhibition zones against the indicator species. The activity of the antibacterial compounds was completely destroyed by treatment with trypsin and pronase E in most cases (only the supernatant fluids of a few strains remained weakly active after the treatment), but was resistant to heat treatment at 100 degrees C during 10 and 30 min. When the 10-fold concentrated supernatant fluids were added to a fresh culture of sensitive cells it produced a rapid inactivation. According to these preliminary tests, different strains of enterococci produced compounds with slightly different antivibrio properties, and these compounds were heat-resistant and had a predominantly proteinaceous nature.
Electrical dipole moments of E. Coli in suspensions in water and in water + alcohol mixtures by electric field light scattering (1975)

Measurements of the electrically induced changes in the intensity of light scattered by particles in suspension permit the determination of the size and electrical parameters of the particles. It has been observed that whereas the addition of alcohols to aqueous polydisperse suspensions of bacterium E. coli results in a slight change in particle size, much more dramatic changes occur in the apparent dipole moments of the micro-organisms. The results are discussed in terms of both the bactericidal action of alcohols and the current physical models for the electrical properties of colloidal particles in suspension. The results are taken to favour interfacial origins for the dipole moments. The possibility of using electro-optic methods for monitoring the interaction of surface active substances with bacteria is briefly mentioned.
Appearance-based object reacquisition for mobile manipulation (2010)

This paper describes an algorithm enabling a human supervisor to convey task-level information to a robot by using stylus gestures to circle one or more objects within the field of view of a robot-mounted camera. These gestures serve to segment the unknown objects from the environment. Our method's main novelty lies in its use of appearance-based object “reacquisition” to reconstitute the supervisory gestures (and corresponding segmentation hints), even for robot viewpoints spatially and/or temporally distant from the viewpoint underlying the original gesture. Reacquisition is particularly challenging within relatively dynamic and unstructured environments. The technical challenge is to realize a reacquisition capability robust enough to appearance variation to be useful in practice. Whenever the supervisor indicates an object, our system builds a feature-based appearance model of the object. When the object is detected from subsequent viewpoints, the system automatically and opportunistically incorporates additional observations, revising the appearance model and reconstituting the rough contours of the original circling gesture around that object. Our aim is to exploit reacquisition in order to both decrease the user burden of task specification and increase the effective autonomy of the robot. We demonstrate and analyze the approach on a robotic forklift designed to approach, manipulate, transport and place palletized cargo within an outdoor warehouse. We show that the method enables gesture reuse over long timescales and robot excursions (tens of minutes and hundreds of meters).