gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the mechanism of quenching of singlet oxygen by chlorinated phenolic pesticides (1988)

Reaction of polychlorophenols with photophysically generated singlet oxygen was carried out in solvents of different polarity. Rate constants for total removal of singlet oxygen go from 5 × 107 M–1 s–1 in benzene‐methanol mixtures to 2 × 109 M–1 s–1 in water. From substituent and solvent effects it can be concluded that a charge transfer mechanism operates in the photo‐oxygenation. Although physical quenching of singlet oxygen is the main deactivating process, chemical reaction constitutes a considerable contribution. A detailed kinetic study was made, and from the data, photo‐oxidation via singlet oxygen of industrial wastes containing polychlorophenols, appears as a reliable possibility.
Electrostatic Charging and Precipitation of Diesel Soot (2010)

Exhaust treatment systems consisting of new catalyst technologies and particulate filters are indispensable to meet increasingly stringent global regulations on limits particulate matter and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from heavy-duty to light-duty diesel vehicles. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been established as a key technology in reducing diesel particulate emission. However, technological improvements to pressure drop, durability, and insufficient collection efficiency for nanoparticles are still required. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is another leading technology used in exhaust treatment, but it is currently limited to applications for stationary sources. In this paper, we have proven that concurrent use of ESP and DPF shows synergetic effects with very high collection efficiency and slower increase of the pressure drop. The number concentration of particles observed downstream of the combined system was 98% less compared with that of DPF only. At the same time, it was confirmed that increase in the pressure drop of DPF was slower. In this paper, the filter that was exposed to exhaust gas was observed by using scanning electron microscope. In addition, potential increase by charged particles on the surface of the filter was measured with a suction-type Faraday cage. The influence of the diesel particulate exerting on DPF by such an experiment was able to be clarified.
Infection of Baboons with Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (1995)

JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes​ seeks to end the HIV epidemic by presenting important new science across all disciplines that advance our understanding of the biology, treatment and prevention of HIV infection worldwide. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the trusted, interdisciplinary resource for HIV- and AIDS-related information with a strong focus on basic and translational science, clinical science, and epidemiology and prevention. Co-edited by the foremost leaders in clinical virology, molecular biology, and epidemiology, JAIDS publishes vital information on the advances in diagnosis and treatment of HIV infections, as well as the latest research in the development of therapeutics and vaccine approaches. This ground-breaking journal brings together rigorously peer-reviewed articles, reviews of current research, results of clinical trials, and epidemiologic reports from around the world.
Publius Was Not a PAC: Reconciling Anonymous Political Speech, the First Amendment, and Campaign Finance Disclosure (2014)

Before discussing the burdens of campaign finance disclosure on political speech, it is important to establish the relevance of anonymous political speech.Even when disclosure laws are simple enough for the average citizen to understand, they foreclose most avenues of anonymity.Simply, this is because these laws require political speech to include disclaimers that identify the speaker 12 Trevor Potter, president of the Campaign Legal Center, recently dismissed Justice Scalia's concern that "This campaign finance law is so intricate that I can't figure it out."Trevor Potter, The Supreme Court needs to get smarter about politics, WaSh.poSt (Oct.
Extrinsic Information Memory Reduced Architecture for Non-Binary Turbo Decoder Implementation (2008)

Two methods are presented that can substantially reduce the memory requirements of non-binary turbo decoders by efficient representation of the extrinsic information. In the case of the duo-binary turbo decoder employed by the IEEE 802.16e standard, the extrinsic information can be reduced by about 43%, which decreases the total decoder complexity by 18%. We also show that the proposed algorithm can be implemented by simple hardware architecture.
IκB Kinase ε Is an NFATc1 Kinase that Inhibits T Cell Immune Response (2016)

Activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is crucial for immune responses. IKKε is an IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinase, and the function of IKKε remains obscure in T cells, despite its abundant expression. We report that IKKε inhibits NFAT activation and T cell responses by promoting NFATc1 phosphorylation. During T cell activation, IKKε was transiently activated to phosphorylate NFATc1. Loss of IKKε elevated T cell antitumor and antiviral immunity and, therefore, reduced tumor development and persistent viral infection. IKKε was activated in CD8(+) T cells of mice bearing melanoma or persistently infected with a model herpesvirus. These results collectively show that IKKε promotes NFATc1 phosphorylation and inhibits T cell responses, identifying IKKε as a crucial negative regulator of T cell activation and a potential target for immunotherapy.
Detection of <i>rpoB</i> Mutations in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> by Biprobe Analysis (2001)

A biprobe assay utilizing LightCycler technology was developed to detect rifampin resistance-associated gene mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpoB gene. Three biprobes detected all mutations present in the 46 rifampin-resistant isolates. Wild-type sequences were correctly identified in each case. The method was reproducible, accurate, and easy to use.
Molecular basis of coiled-coil formation (2007)

Coiled coils have attracted considerable interest as design templates in a wide range of applications. Successful coiled-coil design strategies therefore require a detailed understanding of coiled-coil folding. One common feature shared by coiled coils is the presence of a short autonomous helical folding unit, termed "trigger sequence," that is indispensable for folding. Detailed knowledge of trigger sequences at the molecular level is thus key to a general understanding of coiled-coil formation. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we identify and characterize here the molecular determinants that specify the helical conformation of the monomeric early folding intermediate of the GCN4 coiled coil. We demonstrate that a network of hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions stabilize the trigger-sequence helix. This network is rearranged in the final dimeric coiled-coil structure, and its destabilization significantly slows down GCN4 leucine zipper folding. Our findings provide a general explanation for the molecular mechanism of coiled-coil formation.
High accumulation of bioactive peptide in transgenic rice seeds by expression of introduced multiple genes (2006)

We have developed a simple binary vector construction system for the simultaneous expression of multiple genes in plants. Up to three independent gene cassettes can be easily integrated into one binary vector using the MultiSite Gateway System. Using this system, we produced transgenic rice plants that accumulated high levels of the hypocholesterolaemic peptide lactostatin (IIAEK) in endosperm. Binary vectors were constructed that could accommodate up to three independent modified glutelin gene cassettes encoding multimer lactostatin in the variable regions. Eight construct permutations were used for rice transformation. We measured the accumulation of lactostatin expressed as a glutelin fusion protein in the mature seeds of 105 independent transgenic rice lines. A general correlation was observed between accumulation level and gene number in the vector constructs, indicating that a higher accumulation of lactostatin was obtained from transgenic rice plants containing the maximum number of gene inserts. These results indicate that this strategy is applicable for the selection of transgenic lines containing large amounts of bioactive peptides in rice seeds.
TGFβ promotes conversion of CD16 <sup>+</sup> peripheral blood NK cells into CD16 <sup>−</sup> NK cells with similarities to decidual NK cells (2007)

During pregnancy the uterine decidua is populated by large numbers of natural killer (NK) cells with a phenotype CD56(superbright)CD16(-)CD9(+)KIR(+) distinct from both subsets of peripheral blood NK cells. Culture of highly purified CD16(+)CD9(-) peripheral blood NK cells in medium containing TGFbeta1 resulted in a transition to CD16(-)CD9(+) NK cells resembling decidual NK cells. Decidual stromal cells, when isolated and cultured in vitro, were found to produce TGFbeta1. Incubation of peripheral blood NK cells with conditioned medium from decidual stromal cells mirrored the effects of TGFbeta1. Similar changes may occur upon NK cell entry into the decidua or other tissues expressing substantial TGFbeta. In addition, Lin(-)CD34(+)CD45(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells could be isolated from decidual tissue. These progenitors also produced NK cells when cultured in conditioned medium from decidual stromal cells supplemented with IL-15 and stem cell factor.
Distinct Substrate Specificity of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase from Flowers of Petunia hybrida (1987)

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase from Petunia flowers cata­lyzes the reduction of dihydroquercetin to leucocyanidin and, in particular, of dihydromyricetin to leucodelphinidin, whereas reduction of the simple dihydroflavonol dihydro- kaempferol to leucopelargonidin could not be observed. This special substrate specificity of dihydroflavonol 4-re­ductase is most probably the reason for the observations that delphinidin derivatives are the main end products of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Petunia flowers, whereas an- thocyanins based on pelargonidin are rarely found and, if present, are only formed in very small amounts.
Miniaturized Near-Infrared (MicroNIR) Spectrometer in Plastic Waste Sorting (2019)

Valorisation of the urban plastic waste in high-quality recyclates is an imperative challenge in the new paradigm of the circular economy. In this scenario, a key role in the improvement of the recycling process is exerted by the optimization of waste sorting. In spite of the enormous developments achieved in the field of automated sorting systems, the quest for the reduction of cross-contamination of incompatible polymers as well as a rapid and punctual sorting of the unmatched polymers has not been sufficiently developed. In this paper, we demonstrate that a miniaturized handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer can be used to successfully fingerprint and classify different plastic polymers. The investigated urban plastic waste comprised polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(styrene) (PS), collected directly in a recycling plastic waste plant, without any kind of sample washing or treatment. The application of unsupervised and supervised chemometric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on the NIR dataset resulted in a complete classification of the polymer classes. In addition, several kinds of PET (clear, blue, coloured, opaque, and boxes) were correctly classified as PET class, and PE samples with different branching degrees were properly separated.
Algorithmic Challenges in Computational Molecular Biophysics (1999)

A perspective of biomolecular simulations today is given, with illustrative applications and an emphasis on algorithmic challenges, as reflected by the work of a multidisciplinary team of investigators from five institutions. Included are overviews and recent descriptions of algorithmic work in long-time integration for molecular dynamics; fast electrostatic evaluation; crystallographic refinement approaches; and implementation of large, computation-intensive programs on modern architectures. Expected future developments of the field are also discussed.
Fast 3D Triangle-Box Overlap Testing (2001)

Abstract A fast routine for testing whether a triangle and a box are overlapping in three dimensions is presented. The test is derived using the separating axis theorem, whereafter the test is simplified and the code is optimized for speed. We show that this approach is 2.3 vs. 3.8 (PC vs. Sun) times faster than previous routines. It can be used for faster collision detection and faster voxelization in inter active ray tracers. The code is available online.
Cutting Edge: Developmental Switches in Chemokine Responses During T Cell Maturation (1999)

We show that developmental transitions during thymocyte maturation are associated with dramatic changes in chemotactic responses to chemokines. Macrophage-derived chemokine, a chemokine expressed in the thymic medulla, attracts thymocytes only during a brief window of development, between the late cortical and early medullary stages. All medullary phenotypes (CD4 or CD8 single positive) but not immature thymocytes respond to the medullary stroma-expressed (and secondary lymphoid tissue-associated) chemokines secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein-3beta. The appearance of these responses is associated with the phenotypic stage of cortex to medulla migration and with up-regulation of mRNA for the receptors CCR4 (for macrophage-derived chemokine and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) and CCR7 (for secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein-3beta). In contrast, most immature and medullary thymocytes migrate to thymus-expressed chemokine, an ability that is lost only with up-regulation of the peripheral homing receptor L-selectin during the latest stages of thymocyte maturation associated with export to the periphery. Developmental switches in chemokine responses may help regulate critical migratory events during T cell development.
Expression of miR-122 mediated by adenoviral vector induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of cancer cells. (2010)

The antitumor activity of Ad-miR122 was probably due to the induction of apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest in cancer cells through inhibiting Bcl-W and/or CCNG1 expression. We concluded that expression of therapeutic microRNA, such as miR-122, via adenoviral vector is a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
Apparent Molar Volumes and Viscosities of Lauric, Palmitic, and Stearic Acids in 2-Butanol at (20, 30, 40, and 60) °C (2002)

Apparent molar volumes (V⌀) and viscosities of lauric, palmitic, and stearic acids as a function of concentration at (20, 30, 40, and 60) °C in 2-butanol are reported. The apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution ( ) were determined by extrapolating V⌀ values to zero concentration. The variations of both and viscosity values with temperature and with chain length of fatty acid were examined. values were found to decrease with increasing temperature for all three fatty acids and to increase with increasing chain length of fatty acid at a constant temperature. Apparent molar expansivity data at infinite dilution ( ) were derived from the versus temperature data determined experimentally. values were negative, and their absolute values were found to increase with the chain length of fatty acid. The viscosities do not change appreciably with concentration at constant temperature while they do decrease considerably with temperature at a constant concentration. On the other hand, at a constant temperature and concentration, viscosities increased with increasing chain length.
Effective XML Keyword Search with Relevance Oriented Ranking (2009)

Inspired by the great success of information retrieval (IR) style keyword search on the Web, keyword search on XML has emerged recently. The difference between text database and XML database results in three new challenges: (1) Identify the user search intention, i.e. identify the XML node types that user wants to search for and search via. (2) Resolve keyword ambiguity problems: a keyword can appear as both a tag name and a text value of some node; a keyword can appear as the text values of different XML node types and carry different meanings. (3) As the search results are sub-trees of the XML document, new scoring function is needed to estimate its relevance to a given query. However, existing methods cannot resolve these challenges, thus return low result quality in term of query relevance. In this paper, we propose an IR-style approach which basically utilizes the statistics of underlying XML data to address these challenges. We first propose specific guidelines that a search engine should meet in both search intention identification and relevance oriented ranking for search results. Then based on these guidelines, we design novel formulae to identify the search for nodes and search via nodes of a query, and present a novel XML TF*IDF ranking strategy to rank the individual matches of all possible search intentions. Lastly, the proposed techniques are implemented in an XML keyword search engine called XReal, and extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our approach.
Treatment of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty (1994)

Cementless revision arthroplasty using allograft technique for massive tibial and femoral defects and delayed implantation after debridement was evaluated for the treatment of chronically infected total knee arthroplasties. Thirty-three knees in 33 patients were treated by implant removal and debridement followed by six weeks of antibiotic-impregnated cement beads and intravenous antibiotics. Cultures of synovial tissue taken at surgery grew Staphylococcus epidermidis in 18 knees, Staphylococcus aureus in five knees, Enterococcus in five knees, Pseudomonas in four knees, and mixed gram-negative organisms in one knee. Intravenous antibiotics were given accordingly. A painfree, nondraining wound was achieved with the first incision and drainage in 28 knees, whereas four knees required one or two subsequent procedures to achieve a dry wound and weight-bearing function. One knee continued to drain after repeated attempts at revision and fusion, and amputation above the knee was done at another institution. Cementless reconstruction using antibiotic-soaked bone graft and rigidly fixed femoral and tibial components was successful in 32 of 33 knees, with intermediate term follow-up examinations. Extensive debridement, followed by a six-week waiting period, produced a dry wound and pain-free knee in most patients. Those who developed recurrent infection responded well to repeat debridement, and all but one have remained free of clinically apparent infection two to eight years after surgery. Repeat debridement, antibiotic-impregnated cement beads, and bone grafting were uncommonly necessary, but the four patients that required them did not lose bone stock with subsequent revisions. All but one patient achieved stable fixation of the implants and good function of the knee.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct Transfer into Nitrocellulose and Quantitative Radioautographic Anatomical Determination of Brain Tyrosine Hydroxylase Protein Concentration (1989)

An improved quantitative immunochemical determination of brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) concentrations was designed using direct transfer into nitrocellulose from 20-microns thick brain sections, followed by immunodetection and quantitative radioautography in three reference brain structures (locus ceruleus, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area). Results obtained by this methodology were similar to those obtained after extraction and Western blotting of the TH protein in control and reserpine-treated animals. Moreover, this methodology allows the combination of high sensitivity and high anatomical resolution in the study of the distribution of pharmacological effects. The locus ceruleus exhibited a significant posteroanterior distribution of TH protein concentration in control and reserpine-treated animals.
Serum level of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and its association with severity of liver disease (2013)

sVCAM-1 levels are more closely associated with the severity of underlying liver disease than with the presence of HCC. sVCAM-1 levels are not associated with tumour features or invasiveness; therefore, sVCAM-1 does not seem to play an important role in the angiogenic processes of HCC.
Effect of the meniscus at the solid/liquid interface on the SAR distribution in Petri dishes and flasks (2003)

Several authors have reported that the meniscus as occurring at the walls of Petri dishes and flasks (solid-liquid interface) can significantly affect the SAR distribution in the entire dish and flask, while others have ignored this effect. In this study, this effect has been comprehensively analyzed by numerical means supported by theoretical considerations. The focus is on E polarization, which results in the most homogeneous exposure for monolayer cell cultures and therefore is the most often applied polarization in exposure setups for risk assessment studies. This includes setups based on TEM cells, waveguides, radial transmission lines (RTL), and HF chambers. The conclusion of this study is that the meniscus and its size have a significant effect on the strength and homogeneity of the induced SAR distribution. Hence, the meniscus needs to be accounted for in the determination of the averaged SAR as well as in the uncertainty assessment. It has also been demonstrated that a voxel size of less than 0.2 mm is needed to predict the SAR values for a monolayer of cells accurately.
Stable expression and characterization of N-terminal tagged recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 15 (2009)

Oocyte-derived growth factors are critically involved in multiple ovarian processes via paracrine actions. Although recombinant proteins have been applied to dissect the physiological functions of these factors, variation of activities among different protein preparations remains an issue. To further elucidate the roles of one of these growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), in mediating oocyte-regulated molecular and cellular events and to explore its potential clinical application, we engineered the human BMP15 sequence to efficiently produce bioactive recombinant human BMP15 (rhBMP15). The proteolytic cleavage site of the hBMP15 precursor was optimized to facilitate the production of the mature protein, and a FLAG-tag was placed at the N-terminus of the mature region to ease purification and avoid potential interference of the tag with the cystine knot structure. The rhBMP15 protein was purified using anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel. Our results demonstrated that the N-terminal tagged rhBMP15 was efficiently processed in HEK-293 cells. Furthermore, the purified rhBMP15 could activate SMAD1/5/8 and induce the transcription of genes encoding cumulus expansion-related transcripts (Ptx3, Has2, Tnfaip6 and Ptgs2), inhibitory SMADs (Smad6 and Smad7), BMP antagonists (Grem1 and Fst), activin/inhibin betaA (Inhba) and betaB (Inhbb) subunits, etc. Thus, our rhBMP15 containing a genetically modified cleavage sequence and an N-terminal FLAG-tag can be efficiently produced, processed and secreted in a mammalian expression system. The purified rhBMP15 is also biologically active and very stable, and can induce the expression of a variety of mouse granulosa cell genes.