gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Regeneration Using an Acellular Extracellular Matrix and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Cbfa1 (2009)

To treat bone defects, tissue-engineering methods combine an appropriate scaffold with cells and osteogenic signals to stimulate bone repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult bone marrow are an ideal source of cells for tissue engineering, in particular for applications in skeletal and hard tissue repair. Core binding factor alpha1 (Cbfa1) is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, the effects of Cbfa1 on MSCs in vitro and in vivo have not been well characterized. In this study, we found that MSCs modified genetically to express Cbfa1 promoted the healing of segmental defects of the radius in rabbits. First, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs transfected with an adenovirus encoding Cbfa1 was demonstrated. Expression of mRNA from a number of osteoblastic marker genes, including osteocalcin, osteopontin, and type I collagen, was detected. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity and increased osteocalcin content were observed. The cells expressing the Cbfa1 gene were then combined with acellular bone extracellular matrix in a flow perfusion culture system. Finally, the cell-matrix constructs were implanted into radius defects in the rabbit model. After 12 weeks, radiographic, histological, and biomechanical analyses showed that MSCs modified with the Cbfa1 gene resulted in a significantly higher amount of newly-formed bone and rebuilding of the marrow cavity than control cell-matrix constructs. This study indicates that MSCs modified with the Cbfa1 gene can act as suitable seed cells for the regeneration of bone defects.
Decoupling capacitance allocation for timing with statistical noise model and timing analysis (2008)

This paper presents an allocation method of decoupling capacitance that explicitly considers timing. We have found and focused that decap does not necessarily improve a gate delay at all the switching timing within a cycle, and devised an efficient sensitivity calculation of timing to decap for decap allocation. The proposed method, which is based on a statistical noise modeling and timing analysis, accelerates the sensitivity calculation with an approximation and adjoint sensitivity analysis. Experimental results show that the decap allocation based on the sensitivity analysis efficiently optimizes the worst-case circuit delay within a given decap budget. Compared to the maximum decap placement, the delay improvement due to decap increases by 5% even while the total amount of decap is reduced to 40%.
Gilvocarcins, new antitumor antibiotics. 4. Mode of action. (1982)

The mode of action of gilvocarcins was studied. Gilvocarcins V, M and A possessed antibacterial activities decreasing in that order. Gilvocarcin V inhibited DNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis through strong interaction with DNA and resulting cleavage. Gilvocarcin M showed interaction with DNA and a small change in DNA mobility upon electrophoresis in agarose gel, while gilvocarcin A showed no interaction with DNA, thus reflecting their relative biological activities.
Motion segmentation with accurate boundaries - a tensor voting approach (2003)

Producing an accurate motion flow field is very difficult at motion boundaries. We present a noniterative approach for segmentation from image motion, based on two voting processes, in different dimensional spaces. By expressing the motion layers as surfaces in a 4D (four-dimensional) space, a voting process is first used to enforce the smoothness of motion and determine an estimation of pixel velocities, motion regions and boundaries. The boundary estimation is then combined with intensity information from the original images in order to locally define a boundary tensor field. The correct boundary is inferred by a 2D (two-dimensional) voting process within this field that enforces the smoothness of boundaries. Finally, correct velocities are computed for the pixels near boundaries, as they are reassigned to different regions. We demonstrate our contribution by analyzing several image sequences, containing multiple types of motion.
The design of a thermal rectifier (2006)

The idea that one can build a solid-state device that lets heat flow more easily in one way than in the other, forming a heat valve, is counter-intuitive. However the design of a thermal rectifier can be easily understood from the basic laws of heat conduction. Here we show how it can be done. This analysis exhibits several ideas that could in principle be implemented to design a thermal rectifier, by selecting materials with the proper properties. In order to show the feasibility of the concept, we complete this study by introducing a simple model system that meets the requirements of the design.
Preparation, Characterization, and Properties of Novel Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane−Polybenzimidazole Nanocomposites by Friedel−Crafts Reaction (2010)

The organic−inorganic nanocomposites involving OPBI (poly[2,2′-(p-oxidiphenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole]) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were prepared via in situ polymerization of 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl ether (DCDPE) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DABz) in the presence of the POSS where the organic group on silsesquioxane cage is phenyl. NMR, XPS, and XRD characterization of POSS-g-OPBI, purified from the POSS-g-OPBI/OPBI hybrid, revealed that the OPBI chains were successfully attached to the phenyl group of the POSS through Friedel−Crafts (F−C) reaction. The homogeneous dispersion of POSS cages in the polymer matrix was evidenced by SEM. The DMA results showed that the moduli of the POSS-g-OPBI/OPBI nanocomposites were significantly higher than OPBI matrix, indicating the nano-reinforcement effect of POSS cages. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the polymer matrix was not sacrificed but improved by introducing a small amount of POSS since POSS showed lower thermal stability than OPBI. More importantly, the mechanical properties, including tensile and yield strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness, were obviously simultaneously increased by introducing POSS into the nanocomposite, which is quite differently from the traditional nanocomposites, where the ductility and toughness of polymer were usually reduced substantially upon the incorporation of inorganic reinforced agent.
View-Based Semantic Search and Browsing (2006)

In this paper we address the issue of defining and using views in information seeking tasks in the context of topic-centered learning repositories. We propose an extension of the topic maps model with views and an approach for a view-based retrieval that improves the search of relevant resources. We have implemented this extension in the educational topic maps environment TM4L. The provided support enables users to retrieve resources by specifying view descriptors derived from their current tasks or goals
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Cyclobutylfuran Sector (III) of Providencin (IV) via Zirconium‐Mediated Oxygen Abstraction from a Furanoside (I). (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3D Packaging- Synthetic Quartz Substrate and Interposer for High Frequency Applications (2013)

Glass for use as an Interposers with through vias (TGV) are emerging as the next generation substrates for die level and wafer level packaging substrates. This need is being driven increasing number of interconnects, desire to have a KGD (known good die) at the wafer level package (WLP), high electrical/thermal conductivity vias, and hermeticity between the PWB and the die, while being cost competitive with a TSV passive interposer. These TGV characteristics translate to longer battery life, higher yield at the end user applications, and an optimized WLP solution that not require silicon processing foundries to fabricate a passive interposer. The next generation of communication devices will operate at much higher frequencies to allow video on demand and video vis a vis communication. Coupled with multiple frequencies, to facilitate a phone to work with GSM, CDMA and other communication schemes require multiple filter and low noise amplifiers. This paper will describe work done with Alkali free, copper filled (not plated) hermetic vias that are both low cost and provide engineering design flexibility for the more advance low cost personal handheld devices.
Virtual private network services: scenarios, requirements and architectural constructs from a standardization perspective (2004)

This article describes scenarios, general requirements, and architectural constructs for the emerging category of services known as virtual private networks. According to the adopted reference models, the principal architectural choices in the service provider solution space and current VPN-related standardization initiatives are introduced.
Automated ELF magnetic field stimulation of the human EEG activity (2006)

The automated tracking system was designed and developed with the goal to generate a consistent pattern of the extremely low frequency (ELF) or radio frequency (RF) magnetic field distribution around the human head. The automated tracking system cons
Über Serumeiweißfraktionierung mit Uranylacetat (1957)

Abstracting & Indexing
MEMS based microstructure array design and its quantitative analysis of micropreconcentrator for cancer biomarker diagnosis (2013)

We have proposed a high performance MEMS based microstructure array of micropreconcentrator (microPC) for breath diagnosis of cancer biomarkers. Moreover, we have reported in this paper for the first time the quantitative analysis results, which are used as evaluation criteria for determination of microstructure array performance. As a microstructure shape in microPC, we propose a flower leaf type shape. Owing to our new microstructure shape, biomarkers flow can be guided into microstructures and then contact area between biomarkers flow and microstructure surface can be maximized. The design parameters, such as shape, size and configuration of microstructures are studied and determined quantitatively by using particle adsorption model.
Multivariate data projection techniques based on a network of enhanced neural elements (2002)

In this paper two techniques to project high dimensional data into a bidimensional space are introduced. These techniques are based on an unsupervised neural network of enhanced processing elements. The proposed approaches are compared with some widely known projection techniques based on unsupervised neural networks. These comparisons show that the new projection techniques perform comparably or slightly better than the traditional techniques and are promising in term of computational burden.
lex Permeability of Demagnetized icrowave tes Near and Above Gyromagnetic Res ce (1996)

A wide variety of microwave ferrite phase-shifting materials have been measured in the demagnetized state. The relative magnetic permeability and loss factor were determined near and above natural gyromagnetic resonance using Hall cy- lindrical dielectric ring resonators. These low-loss dielectric sleeves were dimensioned for accurate magnetic property mea- surements of single ferrite rod samples at logarithmically sam- pled resonant frequencies from 2 GHz to 25 GHz. Permeability and magnetic loss factor are computed from the measured res- onant frequencies and Q factors of these resonators, with and without the ferrite sample, using exact eigenvalue equations. Generally, the real part of the complex magnetic permeability increases with decreasing saturation magnetization, while the magnetic loss factor increases nonlinearly with increasing sat- uration. Schloemann's theoretical model for the real part of initial permeability of a cylindrically symmetric domain config- uration in the completely demagnetized state shows excellent agreement with measured data when 2ayMJo < 0.75. The data allow design optimization of circulators and dual-mode and po- larization-insensitive phasers, which are widely used in an- tenna array systems.
Aerial Dispersal and Epiphytic Survival of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> during a Pretest for the Release of Genetically Engineered Strains into the Environment (1988)

Prospective experimental field evaluation of genetically engineered microorganisms, such as microbial pest control agents, raises issues of how to properly ascertain their fate and survival in the environment. Field trials with recombinant organisms must reflect requirements for sampling and monitoring. Field trials were conducted at Tulelake, Calif., to monitor the numbers of viable cells of a nonrecombinant strain of Pseudomonas syringae that entered the atmosphere and landed on plants and soil during and after an aerosol spray application. An exponential decrease in numbers of viable cells deposited at increasing distances from three sprayed plots was observed. The relative rate of survival of cells sprayed directly on plants was more than 10 times higher than that of cells dispersed through the air to similar adjacent plants. Results are being used to gain experience with the characteristics of a release site that influence containment or dispersal and to develop appropriate sampling methodologies for evaluating survival and dispersal characteristics of genetically engineered bacteria released into the environment. The ability to make predictions about microbial dispersal and survival will reduce the uncertainties associated with environmental releases of recombinant organisms.
A Two-Dimensional Array for B-Mode and Volumetric Imaging with Multiplexed Electrostrictive Elements (1997)

A 2:1 multiplexed 2-D array has been developed that has a sparse element pattern designed for real time volumetric imaging and an alternate element pattern designed for B-mode imaging. For volumetric imaging, a small aperture was used to provide a wide transmit beam, allowing multiple beams to be received simultaneously. For B-mode imaging, a larger aperture with a more narrow transmit beam was used to improve image quality. Sparse random element patterns were evaluated by beamplot and cyst image simulations. Using the alternate element pattern for B-mode imaging, simulated cyst contrast was improved by 28%. The multiplexed transducer was fabricated using an electrostrictive material in which array elements were activated and deactivated by a dc bias field. The transducer had a 3.4 MHz center frequency with 46% bandwidth, which was consistent with KLM simulations. The high dielectric constant of the electrostrictive material resulted in an element clamped capacitance of 14.3 pF versus 2 pF for a convention PZT element. An output off isolation of -35 dB was measured for transmit and -61 dB for receive. The array was integrated with the volumetric scanner and used to make real time images of a cyst phantom. The images showed improved cyst contrast using the alternate aperture for B-mode imaging.
A 77-GHz FMCW radar transceiver MMIC/waveguide integration approach (2013)

System integration is an important aspect in today's mm-wave systems. Monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) operating at mm-wave frequencies have become inexpensive and are now available even for lower volume applications. Most systems, however, rely on radio frequency (RF) substrates, bare-die chips and wire bonding, which makes them hard to handle and expensive. In this paper we present one possible solution: the integration of a 77-GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar transceiver MMIC with an antenna in package that directly feeds a WR12 waveguide. The proposed system does not require RF substrate, is based on a packaged transceiver MMIC with a ball grid array, and has a WR12 interface that allows for a flexible combination with other WR12 components. We present simulation results of the MMIC to WR12 transition as well as measurement results of the integrated module.
Interacting Effects of Sulfonylureas and Glucose on Cyclic AMP Metabolism and Insulin Release in Pancreatic Islets of the Rat (1978)

The effects of tolbutamide and glibenclamide on the metabolism of cyclic AMP were investigated in pancreatic islets of the rat. Changes in cyclic AMP were assessed by measuring [(3)H]cyclic AMP after labeling of the islets with [2-(3)H]adenine. In the presence of a nonstimulatory concentration of glucose (3.3 mM), both sulfonylureas caused a rapid increase in islet [(3)H]cyclic AMP, which declined within 5 (tolbutamide) or 10 min (glibenclamide). In the absence of glucose, the glibenclamide effect was shortened, but the initial (1 min) response of [(3)H]-cyclic AMP was unaffected. Glucose could be substituted with d-glyceraldehyde but not pyruvate for prolongation of the glibenclamide response. The effect of glucose withdrawal on the glibenclamide response was reproduced by the addition of d-mannoheptulose to glucose containing media. The [(3)H]cyclic AMP response to glibenclamide was influenced by prior exposure of the islets to glucose, a 30-min preincubation with 27.7 mM glucose, enhancing the response to the sulfonylurea over a subsequent 5-min stimulation period. Sulfonylureas exerted their effects at low but not at high glucose concentrations, i.e., shifted the glucose dose-response curve to the left both for [(3)H]cyclic AMP accumulation and insulin release. On the other hand, increasing concentrations of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, progressively augmented the effects of the drugs. Omission of Ca(++) from the incubation media inhibited both the glucose and the sulfonylurea [(3)H]-cyclic AMP and insulin responses. Epinephrine (1 muM) partially inhibited the [(3)H]cyclic AMP response to both glucose and sulfonylurea, whereas insulin release was completely abolished. It is concluded that the sulfonylurea effects on islet cyclic AMP are intimately related to those of glucose. It is suggested that sulfonylureas exert a major part of their action by facilitating the effect of glucose on the beta-cell adenylate cyclase; the increased cyclic AMP level, in its turn, enhances the secretion rate of insulin.
Evidence for distinct signaling mechanisms in two mammalian olfactory sense organs. (1996)

In mammals, olfactory stimuli are detected by sensory neurons at two distinct sites: the olfactory epithelium (OE) of the nasal cavity and the neuroepithelium of the vomeronasal organ (VNO). While the OE can detect volatile chemicals released from numerous sources, the VNO appears to be specialized to detect pheromones that are emitted by other animals and that convey information of behavioral or physiological importance. The mechanisms underlying sensory transduction in the OE have been well studied and a number of components of the transduction cascade have been cloned. Here, we investigated sensory transduction in the VNO by asking whether VNO neurons express molecules that have been implicated in sensory transduction in the OE. Using in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses, we found that most of the olfactory transduction components examined, including the guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha subunit (G-alpha-olf), adenylyl cyclase type III, and an olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel subunit (oCNC1), are not expressed by VNO sensory neurons. In contrast, VNO neurons do express a second olfactory CNG channel subunit (oCNC2). These results indicate that VNO sensory transduction is distinct from that in the OE but raise the possibility that, like OE sensory transduction, sensory transduction in the VNO might involve cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels.
Electronic Waste Disassembly with Industrial Waste Heat (2013)

Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are resource-rich but hazardous, demanding innovative strategies for post-consumer collection, recycling, and mining for economically precious constituents. A novel technology for disassembling electronic components from WPCBs is proposed, using hot air to melt solders and to separate the components and base boards. An automatic heated-air disassembling equipment was designed to operate at a heating source temperature at a maximum of 260 °C and an inlet pressure of 0.5 MPa. A total of 13 individual WPCBs were subjected to disassembling tests at different preheat temperatures in increments of 20 °C between 80 and 160 °C, heating source temperatures ranging from 220 to 300 °C in increments of 20 °C, and incubation periods of 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 min. For each experimental treatment, the disassembly efficiency was calculated as the ratio of electronic components released from the board to the total number of its original components. The optimal preheat temperature, heating source temperature, and incubation period to disassemble intact components were 120 °C, 260 °C, and 2 min, respectively. The disassembly rate of small surface mount components (side length ≤ 3 mm) was 40-50% lower than that of other surface mount components and pin through hole components. On the basis of these results, a reproducible and sustainable industrial ecological protocol using steam produced by industrial exhaust heat coupled to electronic-waste recycling is proposed, providing an efficient, promising, and green method for both electronic component recovery and industrial exhaust heat reutilization.
Functional Analysis of the <i>DXPas34</i> Locus, a 3′ Regulator of <i>Xist</i> Expression (1999)

X inactivation in female mammals is controlled by a key locus on the X chromosome, the X-inactivation center (Xic). The Xic controls the initiation and propagation of inactivation in cis. It also ensures that the correct number of X chromosomes undergo inactivation (counting) and determines which X chromosome becomes inactivated (choice). The Xist gene maps to the Xic region and is essential for the initiation of X inactivation in cis. Regulatory elements of X inactivation have been proposed to lie 3' to Xist. One such element, lying 15 kb downstream of Xist, is the DXPas34 locus, which was first identified as a result of its hypermethylation on the active X chromosome and the correlation of its methylation level with allelism at the X-controlling element (Xce), a locus known to affect choice. In this study, we have tested the potential function of the DXPas34 locus in Xist regulation and X-inactivation initiation by deleting it in the context of large Xist-containing yeast artificial chromosome transgenes. Deletion of DXPas34 eliminates both Xist expression and antisense transcription present in this region in undifferentiated ES cells. It also leads to nonrandom inactivation of the deleted transgene upon differentiation. DXPas34 thus appears to be a critical regulator of Xist activity and X inactivation. The expression pattern of DXPas34 during early embryonic development, which we report here, further suggests that it could be implicated in the regulation of imprinted Xist expression.
Moving Towards a Business Continuity Culture (2003)

Introduction Organizations have been using modern data processing systems to provide their customers with superior services for many years. Realizing that these electronic systems have been, and remain, the major factor separating competitors in today’s demanding business environment, organizations are moving to protect themselves from system failures.
An Efficient Synthesis of Ketone Enol Ethers Mediated by<i>N</i>-(1-Alkoxyalkyl)benzotriazoles (1991)

A new general method for the transformation of ketones into their enol ethers in good yield is developed via elimination of benzotriazole from N-(1-alkoxyalkyl)benzotriazole intermediates.