gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wake-up radio using IEEE 802.11 frame length modulation for Radio-On-Demand wireless LAN (2011)

In this paper, we introduce Radio-On-Demand (ROD) wireless LAN (WLAN) in which access points (APs) are put into a sleep mode during idle periods and woken up by stations (STAs) upon communications demands. The on-demand wake-up is realized by a wake-up receiver which is equipped with each AP and is used to detect a wake-up signal transmitted by STA. In this paper, in order to reduce the hardware installation cost at STA, we advocate to utilize wireless LAN frames transmitted by each STA as a wake-up signal to awake the target AP. The STA generates a wake-up signal by devising WLAN signal: each STA creates a series of WLAN frames with different length to which the information on wake-up ID is embedded. The wake-up receiver extracts the wake-up ID from the received frames with a simple detector which ensures its low-power operation. We evaluate false negative (STA fails to wake up the target AP) and false positive (AP falsely wakes up without an intended wake-up signal) probabilities of our proposed on-demand wake-up scheme with computer simulations. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves the false negative probability of about 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> when the detection error ratio of `1' is less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . We also show that the false positive probability can be largely reduced by employing long WLAN frames to generate each wake-up signal. These results confirm that the proposed wake-up scheme is a promising approach to reducing wasteful energy consumed by idle APs in WLAN.
Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. Potent stimulus of immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor production. (1986)

These studies demonstrate that Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), a protein A-positive Staphylococcal strain, is a potent and consistent inducer of IgM rheumatoid factor production by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The frequency and magnitude of this response greatly exceeded that of parallel cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or the protein A-negative S. aureus Wood strain, although all three agents induced a similar amount of total IgM. Cell fractionation studies indicated that SAC-induced IgM rheumatoid factor is T cell-dependent. The striking ability of SAC to induce IgM rheumatoid factor may relate to its protein A content, since cultures stimulated with protein A-coupled sepharose beads also consistently produced this autoantibody. Thus SAC is a new probe of in vitro IgM rheumatoid factor production and its use has provided further evidence that most healthy individuals harbor precursors of IgM rheumatoid factor secreting cells. Unlike other polyclonal activators, SAC is unique in its capacity to bind immunoglobulin, a property that may account for its prominent anti-IgG inducing capacity.
Analisis City Branding “Depok A Friendly City” dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Minat Berkunjung Wisatawan ke Kota Depok (Studi pada Bappeda dan Dinas Pemuda Olahraga, Pariwisata, Seni dan Budaya Kota Depok) (2017)

The purpose of this research is to describe the analysis of “Depok a Friendly City” city branding in order to increase tourist interest in visiting Depok City (Study at BAPPEDA and Department of Youth, Sport, Tourism, Arts, and Culture of Depok City). The theory of city branding is a theory that explains how the implementation of government in forming city branding of Depok City. The theory of interest to visit can be seen by the city branding has been able to increase the number of tourist. While the theory of tourists is a theory that explains the attitude or behavior of individuals who have spare time to make a journey that  can be said as a tourist. This type of research is descriptive research with qualitative approach. This study describes the analysis of the implementation Depok city branding run effectively. Research was done at BAPPEDA Office in Depok and Disbudpar Office on Margonda Raya Street Number 54, Depok City. Kеywords: City Branding, Visit Interest, Tourist АBSTRАK Pеnеlitiаn ini bеrtujuаn untuk mеndеskripsikаn аnаlisis dаri city brаnding “Dеpok а Friеndly City” dаlаm rаngkа mеningkаtkаn minаt bеrkunjung wisаtаwаn kе Kotа Dеpok (studi pаdа BАPPЕDА dаn Dinаs Pеmudа Olаhrаgа Pаriwisаtа Sеni dаn Budаyа Kotа Dеpok). Tеori city brаnding mеrupаkаn tеori yаng mеnjеlаskаn bаgаimаnа implеmеntаsi Pеmеrintаh dаlаm mеmbеntuk city brаnding Kotа Dеpok. Tеori minаt bеrkunjung dаpаt di lihаt dеngаn аdаnyа city brаnding tеrsеbut dаpаt mеnаikkаn jumlаh kunjungаn pаdа wisаtаwаn. Sеdаngkаn tеori wisаtаwаn mеrupаkаn tеori yаng mеnjеlаskаn sikаp аtаu pеrilаku individu yаng mеmiliki wаktu luаng untuk mеlаkukаn sеbuаh pеrjаlаnаn jаuh yаng dаpаt dikаtаkаn sеbаgаi sеorаng wisаtаwаn. Jеnis pеnеlitiаn ini mеrupаkаn pеnеlitiаn dеskriptif dеngаn pеndеkаtаn kuаlitаtif. Pеnеlitiаn ini mеndеskripsikаn tеntаng аnаlisis dаri implеmеntаsi city brаnding Kotа Dеpok bеrjаlаn dеngаn еfеktif. Pеnеlitiаn dilаkukаn di Kаntor BАPPЕDА Kotа Dеpok dаn di kаntor Disbudpаr Kotа Dеpok Jl. Mаrgondа Rаyа No.54 Kotа Dеpok. . Kаtа Kunci: City Brаnding , Minаt Bеrkunjung, Wisаtаwаn
Chinese University EFL Students’ Perceptions of Learner Autonomy in Language Learning (2018)

This paper explores Chinese university EFL students’ perceptions of learner autonomy in language learning through a digital storytelling intervention. The survey aims to investigate whether students’ learner autonomy was developed through the intervention and compared the perceptions of students of two different language performance levels. The principal measuring instruments were a questionnaire, a pretest, a posttest and student diaries. The results of the survey indicated that students’ learner autonomy was developed to some extent through the intervention and that there were significant differences between successful and less successful learners, as regards their opinions of learner autonomy. It is worth noting that after the intervention, a large proportion of students were in favor of autonomous approaches than before. A significant number of students expressed the desire, in their diaries, to work autonomously rather than study passively. The survey reflects that success is related to autonomy. Autonomy therefore means success. Success is created by autonomy and vice versa.
A method for measuring human body composition using digital images (2018)

Our photographic method produced valid estimates of BF in both children and adults. Further research is needed to create norms for subgroups by sex, race/ethnicity, and mobility status.
Soft Wheat Starch Pasting Behavior in Relation to A‐ and B‐type Granule Content and Composition (2003)

ABSTRACT Flours of two soft wheat cultivars were fractionated into native, prime, tailing, A‐, and B‐type starch fractions. Starch fractions of each cultivar were characterized with respect to A/B‐type granule ratio, amylose content, phosphorus level (lysophospholipid), and pasting properties to investigate factors related to wheat starch pasting behavior. While both cultivars exhibited similar starch characteristics, a range of A‐type (5.7– 97.9%, db) and B‐type granule (2.1–94.3%, db) contents were observed across the five starch fractions. Though starch fractions displayed only subtle mean differences (<1%) in total amylose, they exhibited a range of mean phosphorus (446–540 μg/g), apparent amylose (18.7–23%), and lipid‐complexed amylose (2.8–7.5%) values, which were significantly correlated with their respective A‐ and B‐type granule contents. A‐type (compared with B‐type) granules exhibited lower levels of phosphorus, lipid‐complexed amylose, and apparent amylose, though variability for the latter was primarily attributed to starch lipid content. While starch phosphorus and lipid‐complexed amylose contents exhibited negative correlation with fraction pasting attributes, they did not adequately account for starch fraction pasting behavior, which was best explained by the A/B‐type granule ratio. Fraction A‐type granule content was positively correlated with starch pasting attributes, which might suggest that granule size itself could contribute to wheat starch pasting behavior.
Suppression of T-cell functions by human granulocyte arginase (2006)

Chronic inflammation is accompanied by impaired T-cell immunity. In the mouse, myeloid cell-associated arginase accounts for the suppression of immune reactivity in various models of tumor growth and chronic infections. Here we show that arginase I is liberated from human granulocytes, and very high activities accumulate extracellularly during purulent inflammatory reactions. Human granulocyte arginase induces a profound suppression of T-cell proliferation and cytokine synthesis. This T-cell phenotype is due to arginase-mediated depletion of arginine in the T-cell environment, which leads to CD3zeta chain down-regulation but does not alter T-cell viability. Our study therefore demonstrates that human granulocytes possess a previously unanticipated immunosuppressive effector function. Human granulocyte arginase is a promising pharmacologic target to reverse unwanted immunosuppression.
Web Tracking Site Detection Based on Temporal Link Analysis (2010)

Web tracking sites or Web bugs are potential but serious threats to users' privacy during Web browsing. Web sites and their associated advertising sites surreptitiously gather the profiles of visitors and possibly abuse or improperly expose them, even if visitors do not provide their profiles consciously. In order to prevent such activities in a corporate network, most companies employ filters that rely on blacklists, however, these lists are insufficient. In this paper, we propose Web tracking sites detection and blacklist generation based on temporal link analysis. Our proposal analyzes traffic at the network gateway so that it can monitor all tracking sites in the administrative network. The proposed algorithm constructs a graph between sites and their visited time in order to characterize each site. Then, the system classifies suspicious sites using machine-learning algorithms. We confirm that 62-73% blacklisted sites are detected by the proposed system, and 96% of unlisted sites are unknown or suspicious tracking sites.
Applications of coaxial chokes to a-c bridge circuits (1968)

ing ground loop c urre nt s, ass urin g uniqu e de finiti on in th e meas ure me nl o f s mall 3-te rrnin a l ca pac it o rs, redu c in g s tray magnetic fi e ld a nd re du c in g volt age d ro ps in leads ca used b y la rge ground ca pac itan ce c urre nt. Th e re is a lso a d isc uss ion of tec hniques fo r gr ea tl y inc reas ing the e ffec tiv e ness of the coax ia l c ho ke.
Prefrontal function in schizophrenia: confounds and controversies (1996)

A wealth of clinical data indirectly implicate dysfunction of frontal cortex in schizophrenia, including negative symptoms, the pattern of neuropsychological deficits, and abnormal eye movements. Neuroimaging studies have provided direct evidence of frontal, particularly prefrontal, malfunction, but the results have been inconsistent and controversial. The burning question is whether prefrontal hypofunction is a pathophysiological characteristic of schizophrenia per se or an artifact of the imaging protocol. In studies of patients at rest, 'hypofrontality' has been an inconsistent finding, probably because resting is physiologically and psychologically variable. Cognitive activation paradigms, especially during working memory tasks, have been reliable in showing prefrontal hypofunction in patients, but these results have been challenged as artifacts of poor performance. Performance differences have been addressed by studying patients and controls matched either for poor performance or for normal performance. The former approach, which has the potential of elucidating the specificity of physiological mechanisms associated with poor performance, has shown that prefrontal activity in patients with schizophrenia differs quantitatively and qualitatively from that of normals and of other patient populations who perform at a comparable level. The latter approach, which tends not to find prefrontal differences between patients and controls, may be selecting out important aspects of the disease by focusing on unaffected neural functions. While there are pitfalls to each approach and no single study can address all the potential phenomenological confounds, overall, the functional neuroimaging database in patients with schizophrenia suggests that prefrontal cognitive deficits are because of prefrontal pathophysiology and not the inverse.
Reconciling environment integration and component independence (1990)

We present an approach that eases the design and evolution of integrated environments by increasing independence among components. Our approach combines mediators, which localize relationships, and a general event mechanism, which increases the independence of components from relationships in which they participate. To clarify our notion of independence and its relationship to evolution, we analyze four designs for a simple environment. The first three show how common approaches compromise independence in various ways. The fourth design demonstrates how our approach overcomes these problems. Our event mechanism is specially designed to support integration and evolution. We discuss detailed aspects of mediators and events by presenting three environments we have built. Our approach has also given us significant insights into other related systems.
Recognizing primes in random polynomial time (1987)

This paper is the first in a sequence of papers which will prove the existence of a random polynomial time algorithm for the set of primes. The techniques used are from arithmetic algebraic geometry and to a lesser extent algebraic and analytic number theory. The result complements the well known result of Strassen and Soloway that there exists a random polynomial time algorithm for the set of composites.
DETECTION OF ASPERGILLUS SPP. IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY REAL-TIME PCR (2006)

Our results demonstrate the high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of this technique, and its usefulness for rapid laboratory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis.
Two-stage dynamic uplink channel and slot assignment for GPRS (2002)

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) uses a two-stage mechanism to allocate uplink radio resource to mobile stations (MSs). In stage-1, the base station (BS) assigns several packet data channels (PDCHs) to an MS. Furthermore, a PDCH may be assigned to multiple MSs. In stage-2, therefore, the BS selects one of the multiplexed MSs in a PDCH to use the radio resource. In this work, maintaining a load balance between PDCHs in stage-1 is examined and several selection schemes to lower the mis-selection rate in stage-2 are proposed. From our simulation results, the cost deduced from the poor load balancing and selection schemes render a lower system throughput and a non-negligible increase in packet queuing delay. Among the various stage-2 selection policies, round robin with linearly-accumulated adjustment (RRLAA) has the lowest mis-selection rate and outperforms the one without any heuristic up to 50%.
Intraoperative Lymphography Using Indocyanine Green Dye for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Labeling in Lymphedema (2007)

A new method for easy detection of functional lymphatic vessels in the superficial layer is reported. In a clinical trial, lymphography using indocyanine green dye for near-infrared fluorescence labeling in lymphaticovenular anastomoses was performed in 5 patients with lymphedema. The technique is simple and enables a minimally invasive operation to be performed. The results indicate that this technique is useful for acceptance as one of the examinations to evaluation of lymphedema.
Document Detection in Videos Captured by Smartphones using a Saliency-Based Method (2019)

Smartphones are now widely used to digitize paper documents. Document detection is the first important step of the digitization process. Whereas many methods extract lines from contours as candidates for the document boundary, we present in this paper a region-based approach. A key feature of our method is that it relies on visual saliency, using a recent distance existing in mathematical morphology. We show that the performance of our method is competitive with state-ofthe- art methods on the ICDAR Smartdoc 2015 Competition dataset.
Constitutive expression of the water deficit‐inducible homeobox gene <i>ATHB7</i> in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> causes a suppression of stem elongation growth (2003)

ABSTRACT The Arabidopsis gene ATHB7 encodes a transcription factor of the homeodomain‐leucine zipper class. The activity of the gene is dependent on the water conditions of the plant; expression being strongly induced in plants subjected to water deficit or to treatment with abscisic acid (ABA). In this report we demonstrate that ATHB7 , when constitutively expressed at levels typical for plants exposed to water‐deficit conditions, caused a reduction in elongation growth in the leaf and in the inflorescence stem. The reduction in stem growth mimics the effect on growth caused by water‐deficit conditions, but is independent of water conditions in plants that express ATHB7 constitutively. These results indicate that ATHB7 in the wild‐type plant may be a mediator of the plant growth response to limiting water conditions in the leaf and in the inflorescence stem. In support of this notion we also show that the ATHB7 promoter in wild‐type plants exposed to water‐deficit conditions is highly active in the elongating parts of the inflorescence stem as well as leaves.
Preparation of Amidoxime Polyacrylonitrile Chelating Nanofibers and Their Application for Adsorption of Metal Ions (2013)

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and they were modified with hydroxylamine to synthesize amidoxime polyacrylonitrile (AOPAN) chelating nanofibers, which were applied to adsorb copper and iron ions. The conversion of the nitrile group in PAN was calculated by the gravimetric method. The structure and surface morphology of the AOPAN nanofiber were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The adsorption abilities of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions onto the AOPAN nanofiber mats were evaluated. FT-IR spectra showed nitrile groups in the PAN were partly converted into amidoxime groups. SEM examination demonstrated that there were no serious cracks or sign of degradation on the surface of the PAN nanofibers after chemical modification. The adsorption capacities of both copper and iron ions onto the AOPAN nanofiber mats were higher than those into the raw PAN nanofiber mats. The adsorption data of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions fitted particularly well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximal adsorption capacities of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions were 215.18 and 221.37 mg/g, respectively.
Comparison of Histochemical Methods for Murine Eosinophil Detection in an RSV Vaccine-enhanced Inflammation Model (2009)

A comparative study of histochemical detection of eosinophils in fixed murine tissue is lacking. Five histochemical methods previously reported for eosinophil detection were quantitatively and qualitatively compared in an established murine RSV vaccine-enhanced inflammation model. Nonspecific neutrophil staining was evaluated in tissue sections of neutrophilic soft tissue lesions and bone marrow from respective animals. Eosinophils had granular red to orange-red cytoplasmic staining, depending on the method, whereas neutrophils had, when stained, a more homogenous cytoplasmic pattern. Nonspecific background staining of similar coloration was variably seen in vascular walls and erythrocytes. Astra Blue/Vital New Red, Congo Red, Luna, Modified Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Sirius Red techniques were all effective in detecting increased eosinophil recruitment compared to controls; however, differences in eosinophil quantification varied significantly between techniques. Astra Blue/Vital New Red had the best specificity for differentiating eosinophils and neutrophils but had a reduced ability to enumerate eosinophils and was the most time intensive. The Luna stain had excessive nonspecific staining of tissues and a reduced enumeration of infiltrating eosinophils, which made it suboptimal. For multiple parameters such as eosinophil detection, specificity, and contrast with background tissues, the Sirius Red followed by Congo Red and Modified Hematoxylin and Eosin methods were useful, each with their own staining qualities.
Efficient gain-switched operation of a Tm-doped silica fiber laser (1998)

We present the results from experiments relating to a gain-switched Tm-doped silica fiber laser in which a gain-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to pump the /sup 3/H/sub 5/ energy level of the Tm/sup 3+/ dopant ion. This fiber laser configuration is the first example to our knowledge of a moderate energy gain-switched fiber laser which is pumped with a low-repetition-rate high-energy pulsed laser. For a near-optimized cavity, the gain-switched fiber laser produces a maximum pulse energy of 1.46 mJ at a maximum linear slope efficiency of 20% and a total optical-to-optical efficiency (with respect to the launched energy) of 19%. At low pump energies, the slope efficiency is approximately 40%, however, saturation of the output pulse energy is observed with the increase in the launched pump energy. We also present results from a numerical model that simulates /sup 3/H/sub 5/-band pumping and includes all of the known pump excited-state absorption (ESA) mechanisms and, in addition, four cross-relaxation mechanisms have also been included. The calculations establish that the pump ESA mechanism contributes only a small loss factor to the overall efficiency of the laser when the Tm-doped silica fiber laser is pumped at low pump energies, however, as the pump energy is increased, losses due to pump ESA limit the amount of output energy from the fiber laser. The loss mechanism is mainly attributed to pump ESA from the /sup 3/H/sub 4/ upper laser level to the combined /sup 3/F/sub 2,3/ energy level at low launched pump energies because of the large absorption cross section for this transition and the relatively long lifetime of the /sup 3/H/sub 4/ energy level. For harder pumping conditions, the majority of the excited state population resides in the /sup 1/G/sub 4/ level, inhibiting in some laser configurations gain-switching of the fiber laser until cessation of the pump pulse itself.
New compact broadband high-efficiency mode converters for high power microwave tubes with TE/sub 0n/ or TM/sub 0n/ mode outputs (2003)

Shorter, broader bandwidth designs are discussed for TE/sub 03/-TE/sub 02/ and TE/sub 02/-TE/sub 01/ varying-radius mode converters and TE/sub 01/-TE/sub 11/ serpentine mode converters for a 2.779-cm-diameter circular waveguide for 60- and 140-GHz gyrotrons. Designs combing TE/sub 0n/-TE/sub 0n-1/ converters with a 6.35-2.779-cm-diameter taper are presented. A TM/sub 01/-TE/sub 11/ serpentine mode converter design for a frequency of 8.6 GHz in a 4.76-cm circular waveguide is also discussed. Measured results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>