gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence and branching distribution of ethylene/1-butene copolymers prepared with a soluble vanadium-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequence and branching distribution of ethylene/1-butene copolymers prepared with a soluble vanadium-based Ziegler-Natta catalystNobuyuki Kuroda, Yoshinori Nishikitani, Kazuo Matsuura, and Noboru IkegamiCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 11, 2820–2827Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00037a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00037a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrophysiological and mechanical effects of calcitonin gene‐related peptide on guinea‐pig atria (1990)

1. The effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on mechanical and electrophysiological responses were studied in the guinea-pig atrial muscle preparations and in single cells. 2. CGRP (greater than 10(-9) M) enhanced the twitch contraction in a concentration-dependent manner in electrically driven left atria and increased heart rate in spontaneously beating right atria. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of CGRP were not inhibited by propranolol but were attenuated by reduction of the calcium concentration in the bathing medium. 3. In single left atrial cells, CGRP slightly hyperpolarized the resting potential but did not affect the other action potential parameters significantly. 4. Under whole-cell voltage-clamp conditions, CGRP increased the calcium inward current. The peptide also increased the steady inward current elicited by hyperpolarization and the late outward current by depolarization. 5. These results suggest that CGRP may produce the positive inotropic and presumably chronotropic effects by increasing calcium inward current. CGRP also increases the potassium permeability. Such effects on ionic currents may not produce any apparent change in the action potential conformation, due to their opposite directional actions and relatively weak potencies.
Dual-$V_{th}$ Independent-Gate FinFETs for Low Power Logic Circuits (2011)

This paper describes the electrode work-function, oxide thickness, gate-source/drain underlap, and silicon thick ness optimization required to realize dual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> independent-gate FinFETs. Optimum values for these FinFET design parameters are derived using the physics-based University of Florida SPICE model for double-gate devices, and the optimized FinFETs are simulated and validated using Sentaurus TCAD simulations. Dual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> FinFETs with independent gates enable series and parallel merge transformations in logic gates, realizing compact low power alternative gates with competitive performance and reduced input capacitance in comparison to conventional FinFET gates. Furthermore, they also enable the design of a new class of compact logic gates with higher expressive power and flexibility than conventional CMOS gates, e.g., implementing 12 unique Boolean functions using only four transistors. Circuit designs that balance and improve the performance of the novel gates are described. The gates are designed and calibrated using the University of Florida double-gate model into conventional and enhanced technology libraries. Synthesis results for 16 benchmark circuits from the ISCAS and OpenSPARC suites indicate that on average at 2 GHz, the enhanced library reduces total power and the number of fins by 36% and 37%, respectively, over a conventional library designed using shorted-gate FinFETs in 32 nm technology.
Synthese von immobilisierten Peptidfragmenten an Polystyrol-Polyoxyethylen zur Affinitätschromatographie /Synthesis of Immobilized Peptide Fragments on Polystyrene-Polyoxyethylene for Affinity Chromatography (1987)

Abstract Polystyrene-polyoxyethylene craft copolymers have been used for step-wise peptide synthesis. After completion of synthesis the protecting groups are cleaved under acidic conditions, where the polymer-peptide bond is stable. These gels in comparison to polystyrene peptide gels, show better properties for applications in affinity chromatography as well as synthesis on solid supports, because the advantageous properties of polystyrene beads are combined with the excellent spacer behavior of polyoxyethylene chains (mobility, solvation by water and organic solvents). Peptide gels with polylysine sequences have been synthesized as highly selective stationary phases for the separation of the homologous oligo desoxyribonucleotides (dT) n with n = 1-3. The principal possibilities of these gels for affinity chromatography is demonstrated.
Some thermodynamic and transport properties of lithium salts in mixed aprotic solvents and the effect of water on such properties (1996)

In a continuing study on the optimization of the electrolyte medium for high-energy lithium batteries, volumes, heat capacities, and specific conductivities of LiClO 4 and LiBr were measured in mixtures of γ-butyrolactone (BUTY) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and of propylene carbonate (PC) and BUTY. These results are compared with those of the electrolytes in the pure solvents. Phase diagrams are also reported when appropriate. The effect of addition of water to these binary and ternary systems was investigated with the same techniques. The mixtures DME–BUTY, PC–DME, DME–H 2 O, and BUTY–H 2 O are typical of mixtures of aprotic solvents and mixtures of aprotic solvents and water. The electrolytes at high concentrations in aprotic solvents of low dielectric constants are largely associated. The medium still conducts electrolytically since the ion pairs are in a state that resembles to a large extent that of a molten salt. With some systems at high concentration, stable solvates persist in the solution medium, as evidenced mostly by heat capacities, and are in equilibrium with either the excess solvent or unsolvated molten salts. In mixed solvents, the properties of electrolytes can largely be predicted from the binary systems and by the coexistence of these solvates. The properties of water in DME, BUTY, or mixtures of the two solvents are modified significantly in the presence of LiBr but only slightly with LiClO 4 . These specific interactions, which affect the heat capacities much more than the volumes and which are especially large with the system LiBr–DME, could be responsible for the decrease in reactivity of water with lithium metal in an aprotic medium in the presence of certain electrolytes. Key words: LiClO 4 , LiBr, γ-butyrolactone, dimethoxyethane, propylene carbonate, lithium battery, aprotic solvent, water, association, solvates, solid–liquid phase diagrams, volumes, heat capacities, specific conductivities.
Accuracy of cervical assessment in the active phase of labour (2007)

This is the first study to investigate accuracy of cervical assessment in parturient women. Results were similar to those found in studies that used models, with about 90% of estimations accurate to within 1 cm.
Delayed Arterial Healing and Increased Late Stent Thrombosis at Culprit Sites After Drug-Eluting Stent Placement for Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients (2008)

Vessel healing at the culprit site in AMI patients treated with DES is substantially delayed compared with the culprit site in patients receiving DES for stable angina, emphasizing the importance of underlying plaque morphology in the arterial response to DES. Our data suggest an increased risk of thrombotic complications in patients treated with DES for AMI.
Measurement of the enrichment of uranium in the pipework of a gas centrifuge enrichment plant (1985)

The US and UK have been separately working on the development of a NDA instrument to determine the enrichment of gaseous UF/sub 6/ at low pressures in cascade header pipework in line with the conclusions of the Hexapartite Safeguards Project viz. the instrument is capable of making a ''go/no go'' decision of whether the enrichment is less than/greater than 20%. Recently, there has been a series of very useful technical exchanges of ideas and information between the two countries. This has led to a technical formulation for such an instrumentation based on ..gamma..-ray spectrometry which, although plant-specific in certain features, nevertheless is based on the same physical principles. Experimental results from commercially operating enrichment plants are very encouraging and indicate that a complete measurement including set up time on the pipe should be attainable in about 30 minutes when measuring pipes of diameter around 110 mm. 5 refs., 4 figs.
The Photogalvanic Effect I. The Photochemical Properties of the Thionine-Iron System (1940)

Solutions containing thionine and ferrous salts are bleached by illumination and recover their color in the dark. The kinetics of this reaction are investigated, by measuring photometrically the concentration of the dye in the photostationary state. Equations are derived for this state in terms of the initial concentrations and light intensity. At low thionine concentrations the extent of bleaching is proportional to the first power of light intensity and inversely proportional to the concentration of ferric ions. The bleaching reaches a maximum at a certain thionine concentrations and then decreases inversely proportional to the concentration of the dye. The bleaching increases strongly with increasing acidity. Kinetic mechanisms accounting for these relationships are discussed, and quantum yields and velocity constants are estimated. It is pointed out that the accumulation of free radicals (``semiquinones'') and the occurrence of ``circular'' mechanisms maintaining the steady state are typical of photostationary states as distinguished from true equilibria.
Biochemistry of carbohydrate‐protein interaction <sup>1</sup> (1992)

Recognition of glycoconjugates is an important event in biological systems, and is frequently in the form of carbohydrate-protein interactions. To thoroughly understand these interactions, well-defined carbohydrate ligands must be available. Naturally derived glycoconjugates can be highly purified, and their structures (including conformational structures) can be elucidated to provide such ligands. This requires highly effective methods of separation, such as various forms of high-performance liquid chromatography. Alternatively, structurally well-defined glycoconjugates can be synthesized for this purpose. These include conjugates of carbohydrate derivatives to proteins, lipids, and nonbiological carriers and polymers. The efficacy of these conjugates is amply demonstrated in the studies of carbohydrate-binding proteins from animals. Hepatic carbohydrate receptors, requiring calcium for binding, recognize only the terminal sugar residues. Although different sugar specificities are manifested by different species, there is some commonality in the requirement of the substituents of the sugar rings. Clustering of the target sugars in proper geometric arrangement greatly enhances the binding by these proteins. Some other animal carbohydrate-binding proteins, however, may require penultimate sugars for optimal binding.
High Cell Density Fermentation of Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> with Computer‐Controlled Optimal Growth Rate (1991)

In recent years recombinant DNA technology has enabled us to produce various proteins of therapeutic importance with microorganisms. As an appropriate host organism, E. coli plays a dominant role. Yields of E. coli dry cell mass in shaker flask culture range from 1-2 g/L, whereas in fermentors up to 10 g dry cells/L can be achieved. ZIMET and GBF have developed a high cell density fermentation process that produces E. coli (on a glucose/mineral salt medium) up to more than 100 g dry cells/L in a special fed-batch mode. This cultivation strategy prevents oxygen limitation and hence the accumulation of acetate and other metabolic byproducts. The specific growth rate can be adjusted so that product formation reaches its optimum value. An example of the production of alpha1-interferon is presented. The high cell density fermentations were realized in 30- and 450-L Chemap fermentors (ZIMET) and in a three-stage bioreactor scale-up system (72, 300, and 1,500 L) developed in cooperation with GBF and B. Braun Melsungen AG. Multiloop controllers were used to control the process variables.
Structural features of the McPC603 F<sub>ab</sub> fragment not defined in the X‐ray structure (1990)

The proteolytic Fab fragment of the well characterized antibody McPC603 was compared to the recombinant Fab fragment, which was obtained in functional form from an Escherichia coli expression system [(1989) Methods Enzymol. 178, 497-515]. We found evidence that the proteolytic fragment is glycosylated at Asn H160 in the CH1 domain, where additional electron density had been observed in the crystal structure [J. Mol. Biol. 190, 593-604]. In addition, its heavy chain is about 30 amino acids longer than visible in the electron density and thus contains the complete hinge region. These structural differences between the recombinant Fab fragment, which had been designed exactly according to the defined electron density, and the proteolytic Fab fragment of McPC603 had no effect on the hapten binding properties of these antigen binding fragments. Yet, it may be important to be aware of these structural features of McPC603 in folding studies and some comparative analyses of antibody structures.
A Theory of Role Strain (1960)

levels, for example, the conditions of small experimental groups as a subtype of social system. Only in so far as codification reveals uniformities in the cognate features of many different types of operationally studied system do the more general theorems have a prospect of approaching rigorous empirical verification. This specification should not be assumed to be capable of being carried out by simple common sense; it requires careful technical analysis through a series of concatenated steps. I believe, however, that the theory of action in its present state provides methods for successfully carrying out this specification, and conversely, generalization as well from lower-level uniformities to higher levels. Perhaps the most important key to this possibility is the conception of all systems of action as systematically articulated with others along system-subsystem lines. The basic system types designated here as organisms, personalities, social systems, and cultural systems must be regarded as subsystems of the general category of action system. Each of these in turn is differentiated into further subsystems at different levels of elaboration. Any subsystem is articulated with other subsystems by definable categories of input-output interchange, the processes, in sufficiently highly differentiated subsystems, being mediated by symbolictype mechanisms such as those discussed above. In many respects, this possibility of dealing with multiple system references and of ke ping straight the distinctions and articulations between them, has turned out to be the greatest enrichment of theoretical analysis developed from Dubin's Model II. A flat conception of a single system reference which must be accepted or rejected on an all-or-none basis for the analysis of complex empirical problems, cannot possibly do justice to the formidable difficulties in the study of human action.
Regulation and characterization of the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger (1998)

The Na + /H + exchanger is a ubiquitous protein present in all mammalian cell types that functions to remove one intracellular H + for one extracellular Na + . Several isoforms of the protein exist, which are referred to as NHE1 to NHE6 (for Na + /H + exchanger one through six). The NHE1 protein was the first isoform cloned and studied in a variety of systems. This review summarizes recent papers on this protein, particularly those that have examined regulation of the protein and its expression and activity.Key words: cation translocation, intracellular pH, membrane protein, Na + /H + antiporter, protein phosphorylation, protein-protein interaction.
<i>Escherichia coli</i>Binary Culture Engineered for Direct Fermentation of Hemicellulose to a Biofuel (2010)

Metabolic engineering has created several Escherichia coli biocatalysts for production of biofuels and other useful molecules. However, the inability of these biocatalysts to directly use polymeric substrates necessitates costly pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis prior to fermentation. Consolidated bioprocessing has the potential to simplify the process by combining enzyme production, hydrolysis, and fermentation into a single step but requires a fermenting organism to multitask by producing both necessary enzymes and target molecules. We demonstrate here a binary strategy for consolidated bioprocessing of xylan, a complex substrate requiring six hemicellulases for complete hydrolysis. An integrated modular approach was used to design the two strains to function cooperatively in the process of transforming xylan into ethanol. The first strain was engineered to coexpress two hemicellulases. Recombinant enzymes were secreted to the growth medium by a method of lpp deletion with over 90% efficiency. Secreted enzymes hydrolyzed xylan into xylooligosaccharides, which were taken in by the second strain, designed to use the xylooligosaccharides for ethanol production. Cocultivation of the two strains converted xylan hemicellulose to ethanol with a yield about 55% of the theoretical value. Inclusion of other three hemicellulases improved the ethanol yield to 70%. Analysis of the culture broth showed that xylooligosaccharides with four or more xylose units were not utilized, suggesting that improving the use of higher xyloogligomers should be the focus in future efforts. This is the first demonstration of an engineered binary culture for consolidated bioprocessing of xylan. The modular design should allow the strategy to be adopted for a broad range of biofuel and biorefinery products.
Investigating the Commercial Microwave Vacuum Drying Conditions on Physicochemical Properties and Radical Scavenging Ability of Thai Green Tea (2013)

The effects of drying conditions using a commercial microwave vacuum dryer on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Thai green tea were investigated. Nine different drying conditions (power 3200, 3600, and 4000 Watts vs. radiation time 20, 25, and 30 min) were applied in this study. The results showed that individual catechins, their total quantities, radical scavenging ability, and moisture content were significantly affected; however, total polyphenol content and color parameters were not significantly affected by these drying conditions. Based on this data, to obtain optimal physicochemical properties of green tea, drying conditions at 3600 Watts for 30 min were recommended.
Metal ions and complexes in organic reactions. Part XI. Reactions in pyridine between copper species and aryl halides, in particular between copper(<scp>I</scp>) oxide and 2-bromonitrobenzene (1970)

The main result of reaction between 2-bromonitrobenzene and copper(I) oxide in boiling pyridine was Ullmanntype coupling, giving up to 70% of 2,2′-dinitrobiphenyl; other products were 2-nitrophenol (0–40%), nitrobenzene (0–70%), and bis-2-nitrophenylamine (ca. 1%), formed via 2-nitroaniline resulting from opening of the pyridine ring. Brief reaction of 1-bromo- or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene under similar conditions produced 2,4-dinitroaniline. Reactions like those of 2-bromonitrobenzene were shown by some other ortho-nitrosubstituted aryl bromides or iodides, and by methyl ortho-iodobenzoate. If the appropriate element was added to reaction mixtures, biaryl formation (ArHal → ArAr) was suppressed in favour of formation of the aryl derivatives Ar2Hg, Ar2Se2(or Ar2Se), and Ar2Te. Good yields of the biaryl were produced by use of copper metal or copper(I) sulphide (also giving Ar2S) in place of the oxide, but not by copper(I) halides. Effects of various additives are reported and a mechanistic scheme is suggested.
Natural deictic communication with humanoid robots (2007)

A simple view of deictic communication only includes the indication process and recognition process: a person points at an object and says something about it such as “look at this,” and then the other person recognizes the pointing gesture and pays attention to the indicated object. However, this simple view lacks three important processes: attention synchronization, context focus, and believability establishment. We refer to these three processes as “facilitation processes” and implement them in a humanoid robot with a motion capturing system. An experiment with 30 subjects revealed that the facilitation processes make deictic communication natural.
Linear Coherent Receiver based on a Broadband and Sampling Optical Phase-Locked Loop (2007)

A novel coherent receiver for linear optical phase demodulation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The receiver, based on a broadband optical phase-lock loop has a bandwidth of 1.45 GHz. Using the receiver in an analog link experiment, a spurious free dynamic range of 125 dBHz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> is measured at 300 MHz. Further, theoretical investigations are presented demonstrating receiver operation at high frequencies (>2 GHz) using a sampling phase-locked loop.
Plasma transforming growth factor‐β1 level and efficacy of α‐tocopherol in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: a pilot study (2001)

Our data suggest that the measurement of the level of plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 represents a possible method of distinguishing between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Long-term alpha-tocopherol treatment may be safe and effective for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial is needed to confirm the full potential of alpha-tocopherol in the management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Letters to the Editor (1949)

Abstract The Action of Decamethonium Iodide in Birds We are grateful to Dr. J. Walker for the supply of succinoylcholine dibromide. This work is being done with the aid of a grant from the Medical Research Council.
Thermal decomposition of TiH2: A TRXRD study (2010)

Thermal decomposition of SHS-produced TiH2 powder in vacuum at temperatures below 570°C was explored by time-resolved XRD. The process got started with transformation of starting TiH2 into solid solution of hydrogen in β-Ti (β-Ti[H]) and then followed by the polymorphic β-Ti[H] → α-Ti[H] transition and subsequent hydrogen elimination to yield α-Ti. Marked changes in the phase composition of starting TiH2 were found to get started around 450°C.