gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First measurement data obtained on the new Vistec LMS IPRO4 (2007)

The development of reticles for the 65nm node is already completed and development is ongoing at the leading edge mask shops for 45nm technology node reticles. The specifications for 45 nm node reticles CD homogeneity, CD mean to target, and registration (Overlay) are much tighter than previous generation reticles. As a result of the new requirements new metrology systems will be required which provide significantly improved measurement performance compared to currently available systems. The Vistec LMS IPRO4 is the new generation registration metrology system under final development. Initial performance data of the alpha tool is reported and the planned major hardware and software improvements are described.
Development of Functional Porous Heat Sink for Cooling High-Power Electronic Devices (2012)

A sub-channels-inserted porous evaporator is proposed as a heat sink for future power electronic devices with a heat load exceeding 300 W/cm2. The porous medium is made by sintering copper particles of micrometer size in diameter and has several sub-channels to enhance discharge of generated vapor outside the porous medium. This porous heat sink is attached to the backside of a heating chip and removes the heat by evaporating a cooling liquid passing through the porous medium against the heat flow. In order to prove the validity of the sub-channels, the heat transfer characteristics of this porous heat sink are evaluated experimentally. The result shows that the heat transfer performance of a sintered-copper particles porous medium with sub-channels enables the removal of much higher heat flux under a lower flow rate of cooling water and a lower wall superheat conditions than those of a normal porous heat sink. The removal heat flux, 810 W/cm2, is 1.8 times higher than that of a normal porous heat sink at a wall superheat of 50 K. Furthermore, it is clarified that even with a heat flux up to 810 W/cm2, it is possible to sufficiently cool the SiC-based chip in practical use.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Methylene γ‐Butyrolactones with Aryl Nitrile Oxides. Unexpected Formation of a Bisadduct from 5‐Methylene‐5H‐furan‐2‐one. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sleep disordered breathing in the elderly: comparison of women and men. (2005)

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients up to the age of 60 is known to be two times higher in men then in women. Hormonal changes during menopause might underlie changes in this relationship in the elderly. This study was designed to detect differences in the type and frequency of sleep-disordered breathing between women and men over the age of 65 years, having the same body mass index. The study was conducted using a matched-pair approach consisting of a sample population of 40 pairs of patients over the age of 65. All patients met the following exclusion criteria: age below 65, heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease. Polygraphy was conducted by means of a portable recorder. All measured indices were higher in men than in women. The apnea index was 2.8 +/-4.1 in men and 0.6 +/-1.4 in women. The apnea/hypopnea index was 10.2 +/-11.4 and 4.8 +/-3.9, respectively. These differences were significant (P<0.05). Significant differences also were observed when central (men 8.1 +/-13.1, women 3.1 +/-8.2), mixed (men 5.1 +/-11.4, women 0.4 +/-1.3), and obstructive (women men 8.6 +/-20.1, 1.0 +/-4.3) apnea indices were compared. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that elderly patients showed gender-dependent differences in the type and frequency of sleep-related breathing disorders. Men suffered from all kinds of apnea more frequently than women.
Near Net-Shape Fabrication of Superelastic NiTi Devices by Sputtering and Photoetching (2006)

NiTi-films were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering from cast-melted disc targets. The obtained freestanding films revealed superelastic properties in tensile testing experiments. At 37°C superelastic properties were achieved showing a closed-loop hysteresis and a plateau of more than 5% strain. Photolithography and wet etching technology were applied in order to fabricate net-shaped devices. Achievable structure sizes range in the order of the NiTi film thickness, i.e. typically between 5 and 15 μm. Tensile testing experiments reveal a remarkable strain tolerance of these devices which summed up to a superelastic strain of up to 5%. It has been demonstrated that the deposition process can be transferred to the fabrication of NiTi tubes, which have high potential for application as vascular implants, e.g. stents.
‘Entourage’ effects of <i>N</i>‐acyl ethanolamines at human vanilloid receptors. Comparison of effects upon anandamide‐induced vanilloid receptor activation and upon anandamide metabolism (2002)

1. The abilities of a series of saturated N-acyl ethanolamines and related compounds to affect the ability of anandamide (AEA) to produce a Ca2+ influx into human embryonic kidney cells expressing the human vanilloid receptor (hVR1-HEK293 cells) has been investigated. 2. The C3:0, C4:0, C6:0 and C10:0 ethanolamides neither affected basal Ca2+-influx, nor the influx in response to a submaximal concentration of AEA (1 microM). In contrast, the C12:0, C17:0, C18:0 ethanolamides and the monounsaturated compound oleoylethanolamide (C18:1) greatly potentiated the response to AEA. Palmitoylethanolamide (C16:0) produced both a response per se and an augmentation of the response to AEA. 3. Lauroylethanolamide (C12:0) produced a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for AEA. EC50 values for AEA to produce Ca2+ influx into hVR1-HEK293 cells were 1.8, 1.5, 1.1 and 0.22 microM in the presence of 0, 1, 3 and 10 microM lauroylethanolamide, respectively. Lauroylethanolamide did not affect the dose - response curves to capsaicin. 4. Palmitoylethylamide was synthesized and found to be a mixed-type inhibitor (K(i(slope)) 4.1 microM, K(i(intercept)) 66 microM) of [3H]-AEA metabolism by rat brain membranes. 5. The -amide, -ethylamide, -isopropylamide, -butylamide, -cyclohexamide and -trifluoromethyl ketone analogues of palmitoylethanolamide had little or no effect on the Ca2+ influx response to 1 microM AEA. 6. There was no obvious relation between the abilities of the compounds to enhance the Ca2+ influx response to 1 microM AEA into hVR1-HEK293 cells and to prevent the hydrolysis of AEA by rat brain membranes. 7. It is concluded that although palmitoylethanolamide has entourage-like effects at VR1 receptors expressed on hVR1-HEK293 cells, other N-acyl ethanolamines have even more dramatic potentiating effects. It is possible that they may play an important role under conditions where their synthesis is increased, such as in severe inflammation.
Interleukin-1α Polymorphism -889C/T Related to Obesity in Korean Taeumin Women (2008)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a cytokine produced predominantly by cells from the macrophage lineage, can affect multiple neuroendocrine and metabolic functions. IL-1alpha production by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an obese group was significantly elevated in comparison to a control group. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the IL-1alpha polymorphism and Sasang constitution, a major branch in Korean traditional medicine, were related to obesity. Genotyping was done in 182 healthy females with a marked variation in body mass index (BMI) by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The T allele was associated with decreased BMI (p = 0.020). In a subgroup with BMI values ranging from 27 approximately 29 kg/m(2), the frequency of the T allele was significantly decreased (p = 0.004, odds ratio, OR = 0.141 compared to a subgroup with a BMI values less than 25 Kg/m(2)). In addition, in Taeumin female subjects, the frequency of the IL-1alpha T allele was markedly decreased in a subgroup with BMI values in the range of 27 approximately 29 kg/m(2) compared to a lean group with BMI values less than 25 kg/m(2) (p = 0.004, OR = 0.139). In Korean women, an association was found between -889C/T polymorphism in the regulatory region of the IL-1alpha gene and BMI values. In addition, an association was found among IL-1alpha polymorphism, obesity, and the Sasang constitution.
Navigating static environments using image-space simplification and morphing (1997)

We present a z-buffered image-space-based rendering technique that allows navigation in complex static environments. The rendering speed is relatively insensitive to the complexity of the scene as the rendering is performed a priori, and the scene is converted into a bounded complexity representation in the image space. Real-time performance is attained by using hardware texture mapping to implement the imagespace warping and hardware fine transformations to compute the viewpoint-dependent warping function. Our pro posed method correctly simulates the kinetic depth effect (parallax), occlusion, and can resolve the missing visibility information by combining z-bufTered environment maps from multiple viewpoints.
The aluminium and iodine pentoxide reaction for the destruction of spore forming bacteria (2010)

The threat of biological weapons is a major concern in the present day and has led to studying methods to neutralize spore forming bacteria. A new technique involves the use of a thermite reaction that exhibits biocidal properties to limit bacterial growth. The objective was to examine the influence on bacteria growth upon spore exposure to thermite reactions with and without biocidal properties. Three thermites are considered: two that have biocidal properties (aluminium (Al) combined with iodine pentoxide (I(2)O(5)) and Al combined with silver oxide (Ag(2)O)); and, one that produces a highly exothermic reaction but has no biocidal properties (Al combined with iron oxide (Fe(2)O(3))). Results show that Al + I(2)O(5) is extremely effective at neutralizing spores after only one hour of exposure. The temperature generated by the reaction was not determined to be an influential factor affecting spore growth kinetics. Further analysis of the thermite reactions revealed that the Al + I(2)O(5) reaction produces iodine gas that effectively interacts with the spores and neutralizes bacteria growth, while the Al + Ag(2)O reaction temperature does not vaporize silver. In the condensed phase silver does not interact with the spores enough to neutralize bacteria growth. This study gives evidence that a thermite can be used as a stable transportation and delivery system for biocidal gas.
Organic acids as builders in linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent formulations (1971)

Abstract Sodium salts of citric, glycolic, diglycolic and three sugar acids, directly derived from D‐glucose, were evaluated as builders in a formulation for a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent. Only sodium citrate and diglycolate were at least 60% as effective as sodium tripolyphosphate in building action in hard water. Detergency appeared to be related to calcium sequestration by the salts at pH 10.
2,2,2-Trifluoroethylamine and 2,2,2-Trifluorodiazoethane (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,2,2-Trifluoroethylamine and 2,2,2-TrifluorodiazoethaneHenry Gilman and R. G. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 8, 1458–1460Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01248a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01248a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1345Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of aromatic aldehydes and ketones from diazonium salts (1954)

W. F. Beech, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 1297 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540001297
Apache Hive: From MapReduce to Enterprise-grade Big Data Warehousing (2019)

Apache Hive is an open-source relational database system for analytic big-data workloads. In this paper we describe the key innovations on the journey from batch tool to fully fledged enterprise data warehousing system. We present a hybrid architecture that combines traditional MPP techniques with more recent big data and cloud concepts to achieve the scale and performance required by today's analytic applications. We explore the system by detailing enhancements along four main axis: Transactions, optimizer, runtime, and federation. We then provide experimental results to demonstrate the performance of the system for typical workloads and conclude with a look at the community roadmap.
A verification methodology for computer systems users (1995)

This paper presents techniques to verify the identity of computer users using the keystroke dynamics of computer user's login string as characteristic patterns for pattern recognition and neural network techniques. This work is a continuation of previous work done by the author[l-3) where only interkey times were used as features for identifying computer users. In this work we used the key hold times for classification and then compared its performance with the former technique. Then we use the combined interkey and hold times for the identification. We applied several neural network and pattern recognition algorithms for verifying computer users as they type their password phrase. The performance of several variants of backpropagation paradigms as applied to this problem was studied and investigated.
Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning (1999)

Abstract : If organization theory finds it useful to draw upon some of the ideas that have emerged in cognitive psychology, it will be advantageous to borrow also the terminology used in discussing these ideas. Without working toward a higher level of consistency in terminology than prevails in organization theory today, it will be difficult or impossible to cumulate and assemble into a coherent structure the knowledge we are gaining from individual case studies and experiments. We will be continually reinventing wheels. That is a luxury we cannot afford. The happy band of researchers on organization theory is sufficiently small to be kept fully occupied discovering and verifying the theory just once. (Author) (kr)
Optimizing File Systems with Fine-grained Metadata Journaling on Byte-addressable NVM (2017)

Journaling file systems have been widely adopted to support applications that demand data consistency. However, we observed that the overhead of journaling can cause up to 48.2% performance drop under certain kinds of workloads. On the other hand, the emerging high-performance, byte-addressable Non-volatile Memory (NVM) has the potential to minimize such overhead by being used as the journal device. The traditional journaling mechanism based on block devices is nevertheless unsuitable for NVM due to the write amplification of metadata journal we observed. In this article, we propose a fine-grained metadata journal mechanism to fully utilize the low-latency byte-addressable NVM so that the overhead of journaling can be significantly reduced. Based on the observation that conventional block-based metadata journal contains up to 90% clean metadata that is unnecessary to be journalled, we design a fine-grained journal format for byte-addressable NVM which contains only modified metadata. Moreover, we redesign the process of transaction committing, checkpointing, and recovery in journaling file systems utilizing the new journal format. Therefore, thanks to the reduced amount of ordered writes for journals, the overhead of journaling can be reduced without compromising the file system consistency. To evaluate our fine-grained metadata journaling mechanism, we have implemented a journaling file system prototype based on Ext4 and JBD2 in Linux. Experimental results show that our NVM-based fine-grained metadata journaling is up to 15.8 × faster than the traditional approach under FileBench workloads.
Human Cell-Adhesion Molecule CD2 Binds CD58 (LFA-3) with a Very Low Affinity and an Extremely Fast Dissociation Rate but Does Not Bind CD48 or CD59 (1994)

CD2 is a T lymphocyte cell-adhesion molecule (CAM) belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) which mediates transient adhesion of T cells to antigen-presenting cells and target cells. Reported ligands for human CD2 include the structurally-related IgSF CAMs CD58 (LFA-3) and CD48 as well as, more controversially, the unrelated cell-surface glycoprotein CD59. Using surface plasmon resonance technology, which avoids several pitfalls of conventional binding assays, we recently reported that rat CD2 binds rat CD48 with a very low affinity (Kd 60-90 microM) and dissociates rapidly (koff > or = 6 s-1) [van der Merwe, P. A., Brown, M. H., Davis, S. J., & Barclay, A. N. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 4945-4954]. In contrast, a study using conventional equilibrium binding methods reported a much higher affinity (Kd 0.4 microM) for human CD2 binding CD58 which suggested that the weak binding of rat CD2 to CD48 may not represent a typical CAM interaction. In the present study we have used surface plasmon resonance to obtain definitive affinity and kinetic data on the interactions of a soluble, recombinant form of human CD2 with soluble forms of CD58, CD48, and CD59. Binding of CD2 to CD58 was readily detected but we were unable to detect any direct interaction between CD2 and either CD59 or CD48 under conditions in which very low affinity interactions (Kd approximately 0.5 mM) would have been detected. In contrast to previous reports we found that human CD2 bound CD58 with a very low affinity (Kd 9-22 microM) and dissociated with an extremely fast dissociation rate constant (koff > or = 4 s-1). The association rate constant (kon) could not be measured directly but was calculated to be > or = 400,000 M-1s-1. Taken together, these results provide conclusive evidence that CAM interactions can have very low affinities and extremely fast dissociation rate constants.
MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS AND MALE STERILITY IN THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CHILLIES (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) (2009)

ISHS International Symposium on the Socio-Economic Impact of Modern Vegetable Production Technology in Tropical Asia MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS AND MALE STERILITY IN THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CHILLIES (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)
Cloning of a Membrane-Spanning Protein with Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Repeat Motifs from Adrenal Glomerulosa Cells* (1998)

The three zones of adrenal cortex are thought to arise from a single multipotential stem cell, but the mechanisms underlying the zonal differentiation during embryonic development of adrenal cortex are poorly understood. Employing subtraction cloning strategy, we isolated three distinct clones that were specifically expressed in the rat glomerulosa zone. One clone, named zona glomerulosa specific clone, encoded a membrane-spanning protein with a signal peptide at the N-terminus, six epidermal growth factor-like repeat motifs, and a transmembrane domain near the C-terminus. It was identified as a rat homolog of preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1), a factor involved in maintaining the undifferentiated status of preadipocyte. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of Pref-1 protein in the glomerulosa zone. Detailed examination revealed that the zone is divided into two layers; the first is a few-cells-thick layer present underneath the capsule (expressing both Pref-1 protein and aldosterone synthase cytochrome P450), and the second layer is beneath the first (containing Pref-1 protein but not aldosterone synthase). Moreover, another cell layer was found beneath the second layer and above the fasciculata zone, whose cells contained no Pref-1 protein, aldosterone synthase, or 11beta-hydroxylase. These findings suggest that a recently reported aldosterone synthase- and 11beta-hydroxylase-less cell layer between the two zones is composed of two kinds of cell: Pref-1 protein-positive and -negative cells. The level of Pref-1 message in the adrenal glands of animals having various pituitary-adrenal axis activities, as well as various plasma salt concentrations, correlated with the total number of glomerulosa cells. However, the specific content of Pref-1 message in a cell was fairly constant. When the adrenal gland was surgically enucleated and the remaining capsule regenerated, the level of Pref-1 transcript was significantly suppressed at the early phase. At this phase, only a minor population of the cortical cells expressed Pref-1 protein, most of these cells already expressing a fasciculata/reticularis-specific marker, inner zone antigen. These findings suggest that the capsular cells, mostly composed of the glomerulosa cells, may have potential for differentiating into other zones' cells, and the down-regulation of Pref-1 expression may be an important step in the adrenal zonal differentiation.
Use of an Auxiliary Sphere with a Spectroreflectometer to Obtain Absolute Reflectance (1966)

Reflectance measurements that are made on a scale that is not relative to an arbitrary standard are often called “absolute” measurements. The method presented here uses an auxiliary sphere with a double-beam integrating-sphere spectrophotometer to make measurements on an absolute basis. The basic requirements are: (1) The auxiliary sphere must be uniformly coated with a highly-reflecting, highly-diffusing material; (2) a flat plate must be coated in an identical manner to provide a measure of reflectance of the coating; (3) the interior-surface area of the sphere and the area of the entrance port must be measured.The theory of the method is discussed and an error analysis is made. Reflectance data are reported for specimens of smoked MgO and pressed powders of MgO and BaSO4.The precision of repeatability has been evaluated from measurements of a Vitrolite reference standard. More than a dozen measurements at each of eight wavelengths made over a 3-year period exhibited a standard deviation of 0.003 for the spectral reflectance.