gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radical‐initiated polymerization of β‐methyl‐α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (2003)

Abstract β‐Methyl‐α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MMBL) was synthesized and then was polymerized in an N,N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solution with 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiation. The homopolymer of MMBL was soluble in DMF and acetonitrile. MMBL was homopolymerized without competing depolymerization from 50 to 70 °C. The rate of polymerization ( R p ) for MMBL followed the kinetic expression R p = [AIBN] 0.54 [MMBL] 1.04 . The overall activation energy was calculated to be 86.9 kJ/mol, k p / k t 1/2 was equal to 0.050 (where k p is the rate constant for propagation and k t is the rate constant for termination), and the rate of initiation was 2.17 × 10 −8 mol L −1 s −1 . The free energy of activation, the activation enthalpy, and the activation entropy were 106.0, 84.1, and 0.0658 kJ mol −1 , respectively, for homopolymerization. The initiation efficiency was approximately 1. Styrene and MMBL were copolymerized in DMF solutions at 60 °C with AIBN as the initiator. The reactivity ratios ( r 1 = 0.22 and r 2 = 0.73) for this copolymerization were calculated with the Kelen–Tudos method. The general reactivity parameter Q and the polarity parameter e for MMBL were calculated to be 1.54 and 0.55, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1759–1777, 2003
Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in first trimester of pregnancy. (1992)

Fetal nuchal translucency > or = 3 mm is a useful first trimester marker for fetal chromosomal abnormalities.
Prospects of oxide TFTs approaching LTPS (2015)

Oxide TFTs are becoming the mainstream backplane technology for high-resolution large screen displays, while LTPS TFTs are mostly used for high-end portable smart devices. Recent developments in oxide TFTs show high mobility exceeding 50 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s, good stability characteristics comparable to LTPS, and integration on plastic substrates for a large range of flexible applications. With these technological advances, oxide TFTs can become a universal backplane solution for LCD and OLED displays.
Constitutionally Dynamic Oil Well Construction Fluids–Metalloaminal Chemistry (2018)

Completion fluids which are designed to build viscosity or form reversible gels suffer from performance limitations due to thermal degradation of the fluids at the high temperature conditions of many oil and gas wells. The hemiaminal/aminal metallogel system reported in this paper demonstrates the possibility of performance without degradation at temperatures up to 150 °C and pressures up to 60 MPa. The chemical system is also demonstrated to be reversible under stimulated well conditions whereby the thermodynamically favored metallogel can be broken within a sandstone core sample pressurized at 3.4 MPa and held at 70 °C. These findings demonstrate the suitability of this reversibly covalent chemical system as a high-performance completion fluid for such operations as perforations and workovers.
Microstructures, Thermal and Tensile Properties of Sn-Zn-Ga Alloys (2004)

The effects of Ga content on the microstructure, thermal behavior and mechanical properties of Sn-Zn eutectic alloy were examined in this study. Results show that Ga was dissolved in both Sn and Zn phases. This gave rise to irregular eutectic structure with misaligned, less distributed massive Zn-rich phase, relatively low melting point, and solid solution strengthening effect. Due to the inhomogeneous dissolution feature of Ga in Sn matrix, Sn-Zn-Ga alloys exhibit a broad melting range and an alternate normal-irregular eutectic structure. Notably, the addition of Ga into the Sn-Zn alloy will improve the tensile strength without reducing the ductility when the Ga content ranges from 0.05 to 1 mass%.
Lattice-Induced Frequency Shifts in Sr Optical Lattice Clocks at the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>17</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>Level (2011)

We present a comprehensive study of the frequency shifts associated with the lattice potential in a Sr lattice clock by comparing two such clocks with a frequency stability reaching 5×10(-17) after a 1 h integration time. We put the first experimental upper bound on the multipolar M1 and E2 interactions, significantly smaller than the recently predicted theoretical upper limit, and give a 30-fold improved upper limit on the effect of hyperpolarizability. Finally, we report on the first observation of the vector and tensor shifts in a Sr lattice clock. Combining these measurements, we show that all known lattice related perturbations will not affect the clock accuracy down to the 10(-17) level, even for lattices as deep as 150 recoil energies.
Activity of the TonEBP/OREBP transactivation domain varies directly with extracellular NaCl concentration (2002)

Hypertonicity-induced binding of the transcription factor TonEBP/OREBP to its cognate DNA element, ORE/TonE, is associated with increased transcription of several osmotically regulated genes. Previously, it was found that hypertonicity rapidly causes nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of TonEBP/OREBP and, more slowly, increases TonEBP/OREBP abundance. Also, the C terminus of TonEBP/OREBP was found to contain a transactivation domain (TAD). We have now tested for tonicity dependence of the TAD activity of the 983 C-terminal amino acids of TonEBP/OREBP. HepG2 cells were cotransfected with a reporter construct and one of several TAD expression vector constructs. The reporter construct contained GAL4 DNA binding elements, a minimal promoter, and the Photinus luciferase gene. TAD expression vectors generate chimeras comprised of the GAL4 DNA binding domain fused to (i) the 983 C-terminal amino acids of TonEBP/OREBP, (ii) 17 glutamine residues, (iii) the TAD of c-Jun, or (iv) no TAD. All TAD-containing chimeras were functional at normal extracellular osmolality (300 mosmol/kg), but the activity only of the chimera containing the 983 C-terminal amino acids of TonEBP/OREBP varied with extracellular NaCl concentration, decreasing by >80% at 200 mosmol/kg and increasing 8-fold at 500 mosmol/kg. The chimera containing the 983 C-terminal amino acids of TonEBP/OREBP was constitutively localized to the nucleus and showed tonicity-dependent posttranslational modification consistent with phosphorylation. The activity at 500 mosmol/kg was reduced by herbimycin, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and by 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a protein kinase CK2 inhibitor. Thus, the 983 C-terminal amino acids of TonEBP/OREBP contain a TAD that is regulated osmotically, apparently by tonicity-dependent phosphorylation.
Virus inactivation of plasma‐derived proteins by pasteurization in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (2001)

The pasteurization validated in this report has the potential to inactivate a wide range of transfusion-relevant viruses including parvoviruses and picornaviruses.
Mitochondrial and Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Diversity of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) (2008)

Understanding genetic variation among populations of medically significant pest insects is important in studying insecticide resistance and insect dispersal. The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), is widespread hematophagus insect pest around the world, including North America, and it has recently been identified as an emerging resurgent pest. To date, no studies have been conducted on genetic variation of this species. For this study, 136 adult bed bugs representing 22 sampled populations from nine U.S. states, Canada, and Australia were subjected to genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and sequence a region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA gene and a portion of the nuclear rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region. For the 397-bp 16S marker, a 12 nucleotide sites in total were polymorphic, and 19 unique haplotypes were observed. Heterozygosity was observed within many of the sampled populations for the mtDNA marker. This suggests that bed bug populations did not undergo a genetic bottleneck as one would expect from insecticide control during the 1940s and 1950s, but instead, that populations may have been maintained on other hosts such as birds and bats. In contrast to the high amount of heterozygosity observed with the mitochondrial DNA marker, no genetic variation in the 589-bp nuclear rRNA marker was observed. This suggests increased gene flow of previously isolated bed bug populations in the United States, and given the absence of barriers to gene flow, the spread of insecticide resistance may be rapid.
Review on fiber-optic sensing in health monitoring of power grids (2019)

Fiber-optic sensing technology is best adapted to health monitoring and evaluation of power grids because of its immunity of electromagnetic interference, capabilities of multiplexing and distributed sensing, and tolerance to harsh environments. We review key fiber-optic sensing technologies, including fiber Bragg gratings, fiber-optic interferometers, optical time domain reflectometries, and their applications in three main parts of power grids, transformers, power towers, and overhead transmission lines, during the past 20 years. In particular, optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and optical phase conductor applied in power grids are the areas of great potential to go further. The perspectives of an intelligent fault diagnosis subsystem for power grids based on a fiber-optic sensing network are discussed, and related on-going work is described. The review shall be of benefit to both engineers and researchers in power grids and fiber-optic sensing.
Transmyocardial Revascularization with a Carbon Dioxide Laser in Patients with End-Stage Coronary Artery Disease (1999)

In patients with angina refractory to medical treatment and coronary artery disease that precluded coronary-artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, transmyocardial revascularization improved cardiac perfusion and clinical status over a 12-month period.
Influence of phase modulation on the brillouin gain curve (1988)

The Brillouin gain curve has been measured in the case of a sinusoidally phase modulated pump. The reduction of the gain at modulation frequencies larger than the Brillouin bandwidth shows that no interaction among the spectral line occurs.
Time- and Polarization-Resolved Optical Spectroscopy of Colloidal CdSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots in High Magnetic Fields (2005)

In an effort to elucidate the spin (rather than charge) degrees of freedom in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots, we report on a series of static and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements of colloidal CdSe quantum dots in ultrahigh magnetic fields up to 45 T. At low temperatures (1.5-40 K), the steady-state photoluminescence (PL) develops a high degree of circular polarization with applied magnetic field, indicating the presence of spin-polarized excitons. Time-resolved PL studies reveal a marked decrease in radiative exciton lifetime with increasing magnetic field and temperature. Except for an initial burst of unpolarized PL immediately following photoexcitation, high-field time-resolved PL measurements reveal a constant degree of circular polarization throughout the entire exciton lifetime, even in the presence of pronounced exciton transfer via Förster energy transfer processes.
Genetic Elimination of eNOS Reduces Secondary Complications of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2013)

Delayed complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) such as angiographic vasospasm, cortical spreading ischemia, microcirculatory dysfunction, and microthrombosis are reported in both patients and animal models of SAH. We demonstrated previously that SAH is associated with increased oxidative stress in the brain parenchyma, and that this correlates with dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (homodimeric uncoupling). Uncoupling of eNOS exacerbated oxidative stress and enhanced nitric oxide (NO) depletion, and was associated with multiple secondary complications such as microthrombosis, neuronal apoptosis, and release of reactive oxygen species. Thus, we hypothesized that genetic abbrogation of eNOS would confer a beneficial effect on the brain after SAH. Using a prechiasmatic injection model of SAH, we show here that eNOS knockout (KO) significantly alleviates vasospasm of the middle cerebral artery and reduces superoxide production. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase KO also affected other nitric oxide synthase isoforms. It significantly increases neuron nitric oxide synthase expression but has no effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase KO decreases Zn(2+) release after SAH, reduces microthrombi formation, and prevent neuronal degeneration. This work is consistent with our findings where, after SAH, increased oxidative stress can uncouple eNOS via Zn(2+) thiolate oxidation, or theoretically by depletion or oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin, resulting in a paradoxical release of superoxide anion radical, further exacerbating oxidative stress and microvascular damage.
A new cable pulling friction measurement method and results (2002)

Cable pulling friction coefficients are determined using a specially designed, multiple conduit bend apparatus. The theory of the multi-bend method is described. Measurements covering variations in lubrication, cable jacket, cable/conduit size ratio (fill), number of cables, and sidewall pressure are presented. An effective coefficient of friction is determined for cable pulled on top of in-place cable. The data should provide a better understanding of the variables which produce cable pulling tension. Better estimates of tension may also be made possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ensuring management systems interoperability throughout an operational object model designing (2003)

The study of an information system related to OSI management applications is described. An information system architecture suitable for the requirements of heterogeneous and distributed management information processing is specified. An ad hoc design approach is proposed for modeling the management information system by generic operational objects. A repository of registered generic definitions is obtained, providing a means to ensure interoperability between management systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GTK, a Src-related Tyrosine Kinase, Induces Nerve Growth Factor-independent Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells through Activation of the Rap1 Pathway (2000)

The rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 is extensively used as a model for studies of neuronal cell differentiation. These cells develop a sympathetic neuron-like phenotype when cultured in the presence of nerve growth factor. The present study was performed in order to assess the role of mouse GTK (previously named BSK/IYK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src family, for neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. We report that PC12 cells stably overexpressing GTK exhibit a larger fraction of cells with neurites as compared with control cells, and this response is not accompanied by an increased ERK activity. Treatment of the cells with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 did not reduce the GTK-dependent increased in neurite outgrowth. GTK expression induces a nerve growth factor-independent Rap1 activation, probably through altered CrkII signaling. We observe increased CrkII complex formation with p130(Cas), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Shb in PC12-GTK cells. The expression of GTK also correlates with a markedly increased content of FAK, phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Shb, and an association between these two proteins. Transient transfection of GTK-overexpressing cells with RalGDS-RBD or Rap1GAP, inhibitors of the Rap1 pathway, reduces the GTK-dependent neurite outgrowth. These data suggest that GTK participates in a signaling pathway, perhaps involving Shb, FAK and Rap1, that induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
ESTIMATION OF MULTIEXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS IN COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS (1975)

The so-called compartmental analysis offers the theoretical basis of tracer kinetic studies which have found wide practical applications in the medical science as well asbehaviormetrics. The output(observation)of the tracer kinetic process is generally represented by a sum of decaying exponentials: q(t)=n Σ i=lAiexp(-ait), where n represents the number of compartments associated with the process. Thus, the compartmental analysis is a method by which the compartment number as well as other pertinent parameters are determined. One of the widely used methods for the estima of the number of compartments is due to Gardner. In practical application, however, method often suffers from “ error ripples ” in the spectra which are introduced in the process of Fourier conversion of the given output curve using only a finite sequences, and which obscure the true peaks corresponding to the decay constant ai. To suppress the error ripples, we have applied Hanning window function filter. To improve the resolution, we have also applied the digital filter which is designed using the maximum likelihood method and maximum entropy method. The experiments using test functions clearly indicate that the proposed method has advantage over the previous method in the improvement of resolution and suppression of noise.
<title>Multiple-exposure interferometric lithography</title> (1994)

Interferometric lithography provides a simple, inexpensive technique for the fabrication of large areas of extreme sub-micrometers structures. Using a 364 nm Ar-ion laser source, gratings with periods to 0.2 micrometers and CDs as small as 30 nm are reported. Multiple exposure interferometric lithography provides the all important extension to 2-D structures. Importantly, pairwise exposures maintain the effectively infinite depth-of-field while still allowing complex structures. Mix and match with conventional optical lithography provides additional flexibility. An interdigitated structure suitable for high-speed photodetectors and conductive particle sensors is an example.
<title>Image quality requirements for the digitization of photographic collections</title> (1996)

Managers of photographic collections in libraries and archives are exploring digital image database systems, but they usually have few sources of technical guidance and analysis available. Correctly digitizing photographs puts high demands on the imaging system and the human operators involved in the task. Pictures are very dense with information, requiring high-quality scanning procedures. In order to provide advice to libraries and archives seeking to digitize photographic collections, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the nature of the various originals and the purposes for digitization. Only with this understanding is it possible to choose adequate image quality for the digitization process. The higher the quality, the more expertise, time, and cost is likely to be involved in generating and delivering the image. Despite all the possibilities for endless copying, distributing, and manipulating of digital images, image quality choices made when the files are first created have the same 'finality' that they have in conventional photography. They will have a profound effect on project cost, the value of the final project to researchers, and the usefulness of the images as preservation surrogates. Image quality requirements therefore have to be established carefully before a digitization project starts.
Kinetics and stoichiometry of the reaction between manganese(III) and hydrogen peroxide in acid perchlorate solution (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and stoichiometry of the reaction between manganese(III) and hydrogen peroxide in acid perchlorate solutionGeoffrey Davies, Louis J. Kirschenbaum, and Kenneth KustinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 1, 146–154Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50059a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50059a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perpendicular quantized magnetic disks with 45 Gbits on a 4×4 cm2 area (1999)

Quantized magnetic disks consisting of an array of single domain Ni pillars with a density of 18 Gbits/in.2 were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and electroplating. The total disk area, limited by the NIL mold, is 4 cm×4 cm, leading to a total 45 Gbits. Magnetic force microscope (MFM) images show that all pillars 70 nm in diameter and 400 nm in height are single domain. The magnetostatic interaction between adjacent pillars is fairly strong. The pillars have an average switching field of 360 Oe and can be switched by a MFM tip with a large magnetic moment.
Electronic structure modulation for low-power switching (2013)

We report the transport characteristics of a novel transistor based on the electronic structure modulation of the channel. The gate voltage-controlled current modulation arises from the bandwidth manipulation of a midgap or a near-midgap state. We show that the transistor exhibits a gain and overcomes the 2.3 kBT/decade thermal limit in the inverse subthreshold slope where kB is the Boltzmann constant. The unique device physics also opens up many novel applications.
Cone calorimeter analysis of UL‐94 V‐rated plastics (2006)

Abstract Cone calorimeter analysis was conducted on 18 thermoplastics with different UL‐94 vertical burn test (V) ratings. Ratings varied from V‐0 to no rating (NR), and the types of thermoplastics included were polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS), PC/ABS blends, high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Our analysis of the cone calorimeter data found that there were correlations between UL‐94 V rating and some cone calorimeter measurements (peak heat release rate (HRR) average and HRR at 60 s) and no relationship for other measurements (time to ignition and total heat release). However, no precise correlation was found due to significant differences in flame retardant mechanism and polymer fuel energy values. In this paper, we seek to explain further why a broad quantitative relationship between UL‐94 V and cone calorimeter remains elusive, and also to show how the cone calorimeter can be used to understand why a material passes or fails a particular UL‐94 V rating. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.