gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Required, tissue-specific roles for Fgf8 in outflow tract formation and remodeling (2006)

Fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) is a secreted signaling protein expressed in numerous temporospatial domains that are potentially relevant to cardiovascular development. However, the pathogenesis of complex cardiac and outflow tract defects observed in Fgf8-deficient mice, and the specific source(s) of Fgf8 required for outflow tract formation and subsequent remodeling are unknown. A detailed examination of the timing and location of Fgf8 production revealed previously unappreciated expression in a subset of primary heart field cells; Fgf8 is also expressed throughout the anterior heart field (AHF) mesoderm and in pharyngeal endoderm at the crescent and early somite stages. We used conditional mutagenesis to examine the requirements for Fgf8 function in these different expression domains during heart and outflow tract morphogenesis. Formation of the primary heart tube and the addition of right ventricular and outflow tract myocardium depend on autocrine Fgf8 signaling in cardiac crescent mesoderm. Loss of Fgf8 in this domain resulted in decreased expression of the Fgf8 target gene Erm, and aberrant production of Isl1 and its target Mef2c in the anterior heart field, thus linking Fgf8 signaling with transcription factor networks that regulate survival and proliferation of the anterior heart field. We further found that mesodermal- and endodermal-derived Fgf8 perform specific functions during outflow tract remodeling: mesodermal Fgf8 is required for correct alignment of the outflow tract and ventricles, whereas activity of Fgf8 emanating from pharyngeal endoderm regulates outflow tract septation. These findings provide a novel insight into how the formation and remodeling of primary and anterior heart field-derived structures rely on Fgf8 signals from discrete temporospatial domains.
Eosinophil peroxidase-mediated inactivation of leukotrienes B4, C4, and D4. (1982)

The slow-reacting substance (SRS) bioactivity of leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) was rapidly decreased by incubation with eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), H2O2, and iodide, bromide, or to a lesser degree, chloride, LTB4 chemotactic activity was also decreased by the EPO-H2-H2-halide system, although at a slower rate. Myeloperoxidase could substitute for EPO in these reactions. Leukotriene inactivation was greatly decreased or abolished by deletion of any of the components of the system or by the addition of the hemeprotein inhibitors, azide, cyanide, or aminotriazole, indicating a requirement for peroxidase. The H2O2 concentration employed in the above studies was 10(-4) M. H2O2 at higher concentrations (5 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) M) inactivated LTC4 and LTD4 in the absence of EPO and a halide but had no effect on the chemotactic activity of LTB4. We have previously shown that horse eosinophils stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 generate SRS. In the present study, eosinophils stimulated in this way were found to release extracellularly both H2O2 and EPO. Incubation of eosinophils with azide that inhibits EPO, and catalase that degrades H2O2, significantly increased the amount of SRS activity detected in the extracellular medium after A23187 stimulation. These findings suggests eosinophils may play an important modulating role in hypersensitivity reactions both by the production of leukotrienes and by their inactivation through the release of H2O2 and EPO.
Isolation and Characterization of CA XIV, a Novel Membrane-bound Carbonic Anhydrase from Mouse Kidney (1999)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is involved in various physiological processes such as acid-base balance and transport of carbon dioxide and ions. In this study, we have succeeded in the isolation of a novel CA from the mouse kidney by use of the signal sequence trap method. It is a 337-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 37.5 kDa, consisting of a putative amino-terminal signal sequence, a CA domain, a transmembrane domain, and a short hydrophilic carboxyl terminus, which we designated CA XIV. The CA domain of CA XIV is highly homologous with those of known CAs, especially extracellular CAs including CA XII, IX, VI, and IV. The expression study of an epitope-tagged protein has suggested that CA XIV is located on the plasma membrane. When expressed in COS-7 cells, CA XIV exhibits CA activity that is predominantly associated with the membrane fraction. By Northern blot analysis, the gene expression of CA XIV is most abundant in the kidney and heart, followed by the skeletal muscle, brain, lung, and liver. In situ hybridization has revealed that, in the kidney, the gene is expressed intensely in the proximal convoluted tubule, which is the major segment for bicarbonate reabsorption and also in the outer border of the inner stripe of the outer medulla. In conclusion, we have cloned a functional cDNA encoding a novel membrane-bound CA. This study will bring new insights into our understanding of carbon dioxide metabolism and acid-base balance.
[Treatment of behavioral abnormalities in patients with dementia]. (2004)

Non-cognitive disorders and behavioral disturbances in dementia syndromes are the domain of antidepressants and neuroleptic agents. At the present time, neuroleptics are being prescribed too often and antidepressants too rarely. The choice of antidepressant depends upon whether a sedative effect is desired. Although caution is advised when increasing the dose, the target dose does not differ from that for young adults. Neuroleptics should always be administered in the lowest effective dose. In principle, the modern atypical substances should be preferred to the classical neuroleptics. Restraint should be exercised with the prescription of benzodiazepines in patients with dementia.
Application of the Genetic Algorithm in the process of the distributing credit card (2012)

This paper introduces the zero risks of the distribution of the credit card in the bank system. We pay attention to the importance of the Genetic Algorithm's application in the financial institution's supervisory department, which is to build an institution of the supervisory for the credit card and evaluate risk of the application of the credit card. This process will have great influence in the success of the application. Therefore, it is an important tool for the expertise to make the final decision. Besides, we also make contrast with other classification system, and the result shows that this method has better performance.
Active sonar for obstacle localization using envelope shape information (1991)

A sonar system that simulates the sensor configuration of echolocating bats is described. Two estimators for range and azimuth of an obstacle are developed, based on the received signal envelope. The standard threshold detector produces a biased time-of-flight (TOF) estimate. An unbiased TOF estimate is derived by using the echo waveform shape to estimate the object location. The estimates are most accurate if the obstacle is located along the line-of-sight, and improve with decreasing range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The treatment of tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia. (2000)

The enthusiasm produced by the introduction of antipsychotic medication in the 1950s gave way to a certain frustration in the 1970s and 1980s. Despite the development of a large number of new drugs, little progress was made in treatment because these new agents were, in essence, therapeutically equivalent. This lack of progress was perhaps also related to an emphasis on tardive dyskinesia in the 1970s, i.e., the preoccupation with a negative effect of treatment. The reverse is taking place today. Clozapine and the other atypical antipsychotics are associated in people's minds with fewer or absent extrapyramidal symptoms and less tardive dyskinesia than the older typical agents. As a result, a certain amount of complacency exists. Tardive dyskinesia not only may be painful and disfiguring, but it also predicts poor outcome in patients with schizophrenia. Although many treatments have been tried, none have proven completely efficacious. The best treatment for tardive dyskinesia and dystonia is prevention, which is a function of medication choice. Pharmacologic interventions for tardive dyskinesia include clozapine and the other atypical antipsychotics. If typical antipsychotics must be used, they should be started at the lowest possible levels. Studies of risperidone suggest that it, too, should be used at very low doses to minimize the risk of tardive dyskinesia. It is also possible that schizophrenic patients taking atypical antipsychotics may experience fewer spontaneous dyskinesias, although further study is warranted.
<title>Lattice vector quantization with reduced or without look-up table</title> (1998)

This paper describes a new vector indexing algorithm for Lattice Vector Quantization (LVQ). The technique applies to a large class of lattices such as Zn, An, Dn, or E8, widely used in signal compression. Relying on a partitioning of the events sources, based on a notion of leaders as proposed, it allows to trade vector look-up table size for arithmetic operations. At the cost of a very small number of integer arithmetic operations, The algorithm leads to a very significant reduction of the vector look-up tables. This in turn leads to reduced encoder and decoder complexities. The introduction of the concept of 'absolute' leaders, and of the corresponding coding and decoding algorithms, provides additional flexibility in trading table size for arithmetic operations. The association of these vector indexing techniques with product codes, in the framework of LVQ, leads to increased compression performances.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluation of a Workflow Scheduler Using Integrated Performance Modelling and Batch Queue Wait Time Prediction (2006)

Large-scale distributed systems offer computational power at unprecedented levels. In the past, HPC users typically had access to relatively few individual supercomputers and, in general, would assign a one-to-one mapping of applications to machines. Modern HPC users have simultaneous access to a large number of individual machines and are beginning to make use of all of them for single-application execution cycles. One method that application developers have devised in order to take advantage of such systems is to organize an entire application execution cycle as a workflow. The scheduling of such workflows has been the topic of a great deal of research in the past few years and, although very sophisticated algorithms have been devised, a very specific aspect of these distributed systems, namely that most supercomputing resources employ batch queue scheduling software, has therefore been omitted from consideration, presumably because it is difficult to model accurately. In this work, we augment an existing workflow scheduler through the introduction of methods which make accurate predictions of both the performance of the application on specific hardware, and the amount of time individual workflow tasks would spend waiting in batch queues. Our results show that although a workflow scheduler alone may choose correct task placement based on data locality or network connectivity, this benefit is often compromised by the fact that most jobs submitted to current systems must wait in overcommitted batch queues for a significant portion of time. However, incorporating the enhancements we describe improves workflow execution time in settings where batch queues impose significant delays on constituent workflow tasks
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption using a fast‐atom bombardment ion source and a magnetic mass spectrometer (1992)

A conventional fast-atom bombardment (FAB) ion source was used to achieve matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) in a high-mass, double-focusing, magnetic mass spectrometer. The pulsed ion signals generated by irradiation of a mixture of sample and matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) with either a XeF excimer laser (353 nm) or a nitrogen laser (337 nm) were recorded with a focal-plane detector. A resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 4500 was achieved at m/z 1347.7 (the peptide substance P), 2500 for CsI cluster ions at m/z 10,005.7, and 1250 for the isotope cluster of the small protein cytochrome c (horse) [M+H]+ = m/z 12,360 (average). Sensitivity is demonstrated with 11 fmol of substance P. A survey scan is taken to locate the m/z of the sample molecular ion. The segment that contains the sample can then be integrated for a longer time to produce a better signal-to-noise ratio. In addition to higher sensitivity and lower matrix interference, the advantage of MALD over FAB is the former's lower susceptibility to the presence of salts, and competition between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of a mixture. This feature is demonstrated by the complete MALD spectrum of a crude partial tryptic digest of sperm-whale apomyoglobin, containing 24 peptides, representing the entire sequence of this protein.
空间时代材料工艺的新进展：（II） 新型热塑性复合材料 (1990)

本文是“空间时代材料工艺的新进展”的第二部分,主要介绍1988、1989年杜邦公司在新型热塑性复合材料方面取得的进展,包括:复合材料制造方法的最新发展,供先进飞机和航天应用的AVIMID复合材料,一种新型热可成型复合材料板材和纤维与基体界面的研究方法。
The Effects of High Molecular Weight Hydroxyethyl Starch Solutions on Platelets (2004)

Physicochemical characteristics of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) molecules determine their side effects on hemostasis. Our aim in the present experiments was to test the antiplatelet effect of novel high molecular weight HES. Citrated whole blood was hemodiluted in vitro (0% and 20%) with either HES 550 (Hextend), HES 600 (6%Hetastarch-Baxter), HES 200 (Elohäst), or the solvent of Hextend in its commercially available solution. The availability of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa was assessed on nonstimulated and on agonist-induced platelets using flow cytometry. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa availability increased significantly after hemodilution with Hextend and its solvent by 23% and 24%, respectively, but decreased in the presence of 6% Hetastarch-Baxter and Elohäst by 18% and 15%, respectively, with no significant difference between the latter two colloids. This study shows that Hextend does not inhibit platelet function as anticipated by its high molecular weight and degree of substitution. The unexpected platelet stimulating effect of Hextend is unique among the currently available HES preparations and may, at least in part, be induced by its solvent containing calcium chloride dihydrate (2.5 mmol/L). The platelet-inhibiting effect of 6%Hetastarch-Baxter was not significantly different from that of medium molecular weight HES 200.
Syllogistic Reasoning in Fuzzy Logic and its Applications to Reasoning with Dispositions (1985)

Abstract : A fuzzy syllogism in fuzzy logic is defined in this paper to be an inference schema in which the major premise, the minor premise and the conclusion are propositions containing fuzzy quantifiers. This paper may be viewed as an initiation of a study of syllogistic reasoning in the context of fuzzy logic. Such reasoning has a direct bearing on the rules of combination of evidence in expert systems and, in addition, provides a basis for inference from commonsense knowledge by viewing such knowledge as a collection of dispositions. The results presented in this paper are preliminary in nature. The issue of syllogistic reasoning in fuzzy logic has many ramifications which remain to be explored.
Wearable Kinesthetic System for Capturing and Classifying Upper Limb Gesture (2005)

Electrically conductive elastomer composites (CEs) show piezoresistive properties when a deformation is applied. In several applications, CEs can be integrated onto fabric or other flexible substrate and can be employed as strain sensors. Moreover, integrated CE sensors may be used in biomechanical analysis to realize wearable kinesthetic interfaces able to detect posture and movement of the human body. In the following a kinesthetic upper limb garment realized by CEs which allows to reconstruct shoulder, elbow and wrist movements is presented.
Theoretical Justification of Wavelength Selection in PLS Calibration:  Development of a New Algorithm (1998)

The mathematical basis of improved calibration through selection of informative variables for partial least-squares calibration has been identified. A theoretical investigation of calibration slopes indicates that including uninformative wavelengths negatively affect calibrations by producing both large relative bias toward zero and small additive bias away from the origin. These theoretical results are found regardless of the noise distribution in the data. Studies are performed to confirm this result using a previously used selection method compared to a new method, which is designed to perform more appropriately when dealing with data having large outlying points by including estimates of spectral residuals. Three different data sets are tested with varying noise distributions. In the first data set, Gaussian and log-normal noise was added to simulated data which included a single peak. Second, near-infrared spectra of glucose in cell culture media taken with an FT-IR spectrometer were analyzed. Finally, dispersive Raman Stokes spectra of glucose dissolved in water were assessed. In every case considered here, improved prediction is produced through selection, but data with different noise characteristics showed varying degrees of improvement depending on the selection method used. The practical results showed that, indeed, including residuals into ranking criteria improves selection for data with noise distributions resulting in large outliers. It was concluded that careful design of a selection algorithm should include consideration of spectral noise distributions in the input data to increase the likelihood of successful and appropriate selection.
Identification of Proteins from <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> That Are Homologous to Reticulocyte Binding Proteins in <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> (2001)

Plasmodium falciparum infections can be fatal, while P. vivax infections usually are not. A possible factor involved in the greater virulence of P. falciparum is that this parasite grows in red blood cells (RBCs) of all maturities whereas P. vivax is restricted to growth in reticulocytes, which represent only approximately 1% of total RBCs in the periphery. Two proteins, expressed at the apical end of the invasive merozoite stage from P. vivax, have been implicated in the targeting of reticulocytes for invasion by this parasite. A search of the P. falciparum genome databases has identified genes that are homologous to the P. vivax rbp-1 and -2 genes. Two of these genes are virtually identical over a large region of the 5' end but are highly divergent at the 3' end. They encode high-molecular-mass proteins of >300 kDa that are expressed in late schizonts and localized to the apical end of the merozoite. To test a potential role in merozoite invasion of RBCs, we analyzed the ability of these proteins to bind to mature RBCs and reticulocytes. No binding to mature RBCs or cell preparations enriched for reticulocytes was detected. We identified a parasite clone that lacks the gene for one of these proteins, showing that the gene is not required for normal in vitro growth. Antibodies to these proteins can inhibit merozoite invasion of RBCs.
Minimum Noise Figure of the Variable-Capacitance Amplifier (1961)

The variable-capacitance diode is one of the most promising nonlinear elements for low-noise parametric amplifiers. In practice, however, these diodes have a small series resistance, and this limits the minimum obtainable noise figure; for the better diodes, the effect of the shunt conductance can be neglected. Taking the contribution of this series resistance into account, this paper discusses the minimum noise figure of parametric amplifiers under various conditions. It is shown that the minimum noise figures are basically determined by a dynamic quality factor of the diode, which will be defined in this paper, under the assumed model of a series resistance as the only parasitic element. Identical minimum noise figures are obtained for lower sideband amplifiers operated with optimum idler frequency, for those with the idler load at 0°K, and for the upper sideband up-converter. In terms of the over-all systems noise figure, however, the lower sideband amplifier is superior to the upper sideband up-converter, for here the gain is limited by the ratio of output to input frequency. Experimental values are given for the figure of merit of various diodes. Universal curves are also given which demonstrate noise behavior of the various systems as a function of the network parameters and component temperatures.
Efeito inibidor do crescimento tumoral pela metionina-encefalina (1992)

Methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) is an endogenous opioid pentapeptide derived from the prohormone proenkephalin A, present in neuroendocrine and hematopoietic cells. Enkephalins are known to play an important role on the processes of induction, activation and control of immunomodulatory events. Met-Enk has been considered a potent antitumoral agent. The present study shows that Met-Enk exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of a macrophage derived fibrous histiocytoma (MC-II) inoculated intradermally into BALB/cJ mice. Such effect was mainly influenced by the protocol, route of administration and concentration of Met-Enk used for treatment. Neither higher doses of Met-Enk injected intracerebrally or subcutaneously, nor the use of various protocols of treatment, did modify the process of tumorigenesis. In contrast, low dose (0.25 mg/kg) of Met-Enk injected intracerebrally together with tumor inoculation, significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival rate.
Nephrin Dissociates from Actin, and Its Expression Is Reduced in Early Experimental Membranous Nephropathy (2002)

These studies examined the expression of the podocyte slit diaphragm protein nephrin and its association with actin at the onset of proteinuria in passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), a rat model of human membranous nephropathy. Four days after immunization, 58% of PHN rats had mild proteinuria. At that time, most slit diaphragms were still visible on electron microscopy; however, in those locations where the deposits encroached on the filtration slits, the slit diaphragms were either displaced or absent. On day 7, the PHN rats were severely proteinuric, and most slit diaphragms were either absent, displaced, or replaced by occluding-type junctions. Immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies to the external and cytoplasmic domains of nephrin showed a progressive loss of staining and a change in the distribution of nephrin from an interrupted linear pattern in normal controls to a more dispersed and clustered pattern in PHN. In contrast, the intensity of staining for ZO-1 and CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), two other proteins that are located on the cytoplasmic face of the slit diaphragm, was undiminished. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the progressive disappearance of nephrin from podocyte foot processes and retention of CD2AP. Glomeruli and glomerular cell membranes were extracted sequentially with Triton X-100, followed by DNase I or potassium iodide to depolymerize actin. Western blot analysis of the extracts showed a progressive decline of total nephrin on days 4 and 7 of PHN as well as a reduction in the actin-associated fraction. These findings show that nephrin partly dissociates from actin at the onset of podocyte injury in PHN. This is accompanied by a progressive loss of nephrin from the podocyte foot processes and prominent changes in the morphology of the slit diaphragms. These events may underlie the loss of podocyte barrier function in membranous nephropathy.