gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Circular Output Protection Device using Bipolar Action (1987)

This paper will cover ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection reliability in an 1.2 micron NMOS technology. Several OPDs (Output Protection Devices) were designed and measured in order to study the location of energy dissipation and the ability of energy absorption during ESD event. A new circular OPD using bipolar action is proposed as the most promising OPD. The high reliability of this OPD is also described.
Deformylation of 32-oxo-24,25-dihydrolanosterol by the purified cytochrome P-45014DM (lanosterol 14 α-demethylase) from yeast evidence confirming the intermediate step of lanosterol 14 α-demethylation (1989)

32-Oxo-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (32-oxo-DHL) was deformylated to 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14-dien-3 beta-ol, the product of 14 alpha-demethylation of 24,25-dihydro-lanosterol (DHL), by the reconstituted lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase system consisting of cytochrome P-45014DM and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase of yeast. Affinity of 32-oxo-DHL to the cytochrome was considerably higher than those of lanosterol and DHL, and the rate of deformylation of 32-oxo-DHL was faster than the rate of demethylation of lanosterol and DHL. Spectral analysis of the 32-oxo-DHL complex of cytochrome P-45014DM suggested the interaction between the 32-aldehyde group and the heme iron. These observations, together with our preceding findings on the metabolism of 32-hydroxy-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (Aoyama, Y., Yoshida, Y., Sonoda, Y., and Sato, Y. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1239-1243), indicate that the 14 alpha-demethylation of lanosterol catalyzed by cytochrome P-45014DM proceeds with three step monooxygenations via the 32-hydroxy and 32-oxo intermediates, and the cytochrome mediates this sequential reaction without releasing the intermediates.
Effects of surface curvature and surface chemistry on the structure and activity of proteins adsorbed in nanopores (2011)

The interactions of proteins with the surface of cylindrical nanopores are systematically investigated to elucidate how surface curvature and surface chemistry affect the conformation and activity of confined proteins in an aqueous, buffered environment. Two globular proteins, lysozyme and myoglobin, with different catalytic functions, were used as model proteins to analyze structural changes in proteins after adsorption on ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 and propyl-functionalized SBA-15 (C(3)SBA-15) with carefully controlled pore size. Liquid phase ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the amide I and II bands of the adsorbed proteins. The amide I bands showed that the secondary structures of free and adsorbed protein molecules differ, and that the secondary structure of the adsorbed protein is influenced by the local geometry as well as by the surface chemistry of the nanopores. The conformation of the adsorbed proteins inside the nanopores of SBA-15 and C(3)SBA-15 is strongly correlated with the local geometry and the surface properties of the nanoporous materials, which results in different catalytic activities. Adsorption by electrostatic interaction of proteins in nanopores of an optimal size provides a favorably confining and protecting environment, which may lead to considerably enhanced structural stability and catalytic activity.
Pericranial Muscle Tenderness and Exteroceptive Suppression of Temporalis Muscle Activity: A Blind Study of Chronic Tension‐Type Headache (1997)

The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of pericranial muscle tenderness and the second exteroceptive suppression period to distinguish chronic tension-type headache sufferers, migraine sufferers, and controls in a young adult population utilizing a blind design. The second exteroceptive suppression periods were assessed using the methodology recommended by the European Headache Federation and were scored with an automated computer software program designed in our laboratory to provide reliable, standardized, and precise quantification of exteroceptive suppression periods and eliminate any influence of experimenter bias that may occur with manual scoring. Our sample consisted of 45 subjects diagnosed according to IHS criteria: 25 with chronic tension-type headache and 20 with migraine without aura. Twenty-three headache-free controls were recruited. Consistent with our previous findings, abnormalities in pericranial muscle tenderness, but not in the second exteroceptive suppression period distinguished chronic tension-type headache sufferers from controls. The chronic tension headache sufferers exhibited the highest pericranial muscle tenderness and the control group exhibited the lowest tenderness (P < .001). Pericranial muscle tenderness was quite successful in distinguishing recurrent headache sufferers from controls, but failed to distinguish chronic tension-type headache sufferers from migraineurs. Our findings raise the possibility that pericranial muscle tenderness is present early in the development of chronic tension-type headache and migraine without aura, and thus might contribute to the etiology of headache disorders. Our findings also indicate that a shortened second exteroceptive suppression period is not a reliable marker for chronic tension-type headache in young adults.
Design and realization of the software radio system based on DSP (2007)

In addition to analyzing the architecture of SR,this paper completes the design of SR system with the radio frequency band-pass sampling architecture and uses rapid system prototype method to realize it with DSP.This method of SR research is the innovation to realize the processing or transforming of signals.
Adsorption mechanism and improvements of the adsorption equation for adsorption refrigeration pairs (1999)

An improved adsorption model for adsorption refrigeration pairs such as activated carbon–methanol and zeolite–water is suggested based upon normal Dubinin adsorption equations. This model has been verified by various experimental results. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Production, Losses, and Electron Temperature Measurements in the KEMP II B Electromagnetic Trap (1980)

Plasmas with densities approaching 1012 cm-3 have been produced in a spindle-cusp electromagnetic trap by electron beam injection. The plasma density seems to be limited by the input beam power. A neutral plasma is found to exist in the inner electrode regions. The electron temperature is about 30 eV, and the particle confinement times are about 100 4317360s. The loss of plasma electrons is dominated by cross field diffusion to the grounded electrodes which determine the plasma boundary. The confinement time is in rough agreement with calculations based upon classical diffusion via electron-neutral collisions.
Biosynthesis of Docosahexaenoic Acid in <i>Euglena gracilis</i>:  Biochemical and Molecular Evidence for the Involvement of a Δ4-Fatty Acyl Group Desaturase (2003)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be synthesized via alternative routes from which only the omega3/omega6-pathways involve the action of a Delta4-fatty acid desaturase. We examined the suitability of Euglena gracilis, Thraustochytrium sp., Schizochytrium sp., and Crypthecodinium cohnii to serve as sources for cloning a cDNA encoding a Delta4-fatty acid desaturase. For this purpose we carried out in vivo labeling studies with radiolabeled C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. Schizochytrium sp. was unable to convert exogenously supplied [2-(14)C]-docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5(Delta)(7,10,13,16,19)) to DHA, while E. gracilis and Thraustochytrium sp. carried out this desaturation very efficiently. Hydrogenation and alpha-oxidation of the labeled DHA isolated from these two organisms showed that it was the result of direct Delta4-desaturation and not of substrate breakdown and resynthesis. To clone the desaturase gene, a cDNA library of E. gracilis was subjected to mass sequencing. A full-length clone with highest homology to the Delta4-desaturase of Thraustochytrium sp. was isolated, and its function was verified by heterologous expression in yeast. The desaturase efficiently converted DPA to DHA. Analysis of the substrate specificity demonstrated that the enzyme activity was not limited to C22 fatty acids, since it also efficiently desaturated C16 fatty acids. The enzyme showed strict Delta4-regioselectivity and required the presence of a Delta7-double bond in the substrate. Positional analysis of phosphatidylcholine revealed that the proportion of the Delta4-desaturated products was up to 20 times higher in the sn-2 position than in the sn-1 position.
A Practical Quality Index Based on the Octahedral Manipulator (1998)

The octahedral manipulator is a "3-3" device that is fully in parallel. It has a linear actuator on each of its six legs. The legs connect an equilateral platform triangle to a similar base triangle in a zigzag pattern between vertices. Our proposed quality index takes a maximum value of 1 at a central symmet rical configuration that is shown to correspond to the maxi mum value of the determinant of the 6 x 6 Jacobian matrix of the manipulator. This matrix is none other than that of the nor malized line coordinates of the six leg-lines; for its determi nant to be a maximum, the platform triangle is found to be half of the size of the base triangle, and the perpendicular distance between platform and base is equal to the side of the platform triangle. When the manipulator is actuated so that the octahedron departs from this central configuration, the determinant al ways diminishes, and, as is well known, it becomes zero when a special configuration is reached (the platform then gain ing one or more uncontrollable freedoms). Our quality index λ, 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1, is a constructive measure of acceptable design proportions. The double-spherical joints (there are six) are the source of the critical practical difficulties. Kinematic substitutions can circumvent this problem, but often there is no reasonable alternative to accepting a reduction of maximum quality index through separation by fairly short distances of some or all of the double-ball joints. Too great a separation easily leads too far toward generality; any fully-in-parallel manipulator of more general proportions should be tested for quality against our octahedral form simply because no different form can be superior to a well-designed octahedron from the points of view of structural soundness and ability to apply both forces and controlled displacements to the end-effector platform.
Effects of Natural Eggshell Membrane (NEM) on Cytokine Production in Cultures of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Increased Suppression of Tumor Necrosis Factor- <i>α</i> Levels After <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion (2011)

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role in inflammatory processes. This study examined the effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM(®)) (ESM Technologies, LLC, Carthage, MO, USA) on interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and TNF-α cytokine production by 4-day peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures exposed to serial dilutions of either an aqueous extract of natural eggshell membrane (NEM-AQ) or NEM subjected to in vitro digestion (NEM-IVD). The effects on cytokine production were also assessed in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) where exposure to NEM-AQ resulted in reduced levels of proliferation and statistically significant effects on IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokine production. NEM-AQ reduced levels of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in cultures exposed to PHA. In cultures containing PWM, NEM-AQ reduced production of IL-10 and at the highest dose tested increased IL-6 and decreased TNF-α cytokine levels. NEM-IVD, at the two lowest concentrations of product, significantly reduced TNF-α production by PBMC cultures exposed to PWM compared with the in vitro digest control or native NEM. Taken together, these results suggest that NEM-AQ can influence signaling events in response to the T cell-specific mitogen PHA as well as to the mitogen PWM that require cellular cross-talk and that these effects may be partially mediated through a reduction in level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. The suppression of TNF-α production in the presence of NEM-IVD is promising for the use of NEM as a consumable anti-inflammatory product.
Validation and test issues related to noise induced by parasitic inductances of VLSI interconnects (2002)

Shows the results of studies of noise induced by various combinations of parasitic capacitances and inductances. Interconnects are simulated with parameters obtained from a 0.18 /spl mu/m process. The four kinds of noise addressed are (i) crosstalk pulse; (ii) crosstalk speedup and slowdown; (iii) oscillatory noise; (iv) combination of oscillatory noise and crosstalk pulse. The crosstalk effects induced by a combination of mutual capacitance and mutual inductance can be larger than those induced by mutual capacitance alone, even if capacitive crosstalk dominates. For certain interconnects that are capacitively and inductively coupled, transitions in the same direction on an aggressor and victim line can cause speedup or slowdown, depending on timing parameters. A similar observation holds for transitions in opposite directions. We also observe that oscillatory noise can combine with crosstalk pulse under certain skew conditions and give rise to a large magnitude of noise. We show that inductance induced noise can be a problem in medium length interconnects. Because such interconnects can occur in combinational logic blocks, the generation of suitable vectors for test and validation of such logic blocks is of concern.
Operator-oriented approach for the inter-work of service- and network management (2002)

In order to gain flexibility for network management systems, interworking among the service management components, network management components and operators is necessary. To fulfil this requirement, we propose a module-based implementation framework to enhance the implementation aspects of the TINA Service Architecture. We propose a module-based implementation framework using the mapping relation of user interfaces and management functions that mediate the user interfaces in low-cost customer/operator environments and TINA service components. To support the interworking between the modules, we introduce an interworking mechanism using a management context description that is based on the data storage format to be shared by the modules.
Die Dihydrate [Me<sub>6</sub>X]X · 2H<sub>2</sub>O mit Me = Mo, W; X = Cl, Br, J (1972)

Abstract Die in der Überschrift genannten Dihydrate sind zur Charakterisierung der komplexen Gruppen besonders geeignet. Wir berichten über die Darstellung neuer und bekannter Verbindungen dieses Typs und geben Gitterkonstanten an. Alle Verbindungen sind isotyp mit der bekannten Struktur von [Mo 6 Br 8 ]Br 4 · 2 H 2 O. Ferner wird über Infrarot‐Daten und den thermischen Abbau der Verbindungen berichtet.
Further evaluation of a new standard of efficacy for stored platelets (2005)

Apheresis PLTs stored for 7 days met the criterion proposed for comparison with fresh PLTs. This analytic approach is feasible with PLTs collected and prepared via a manual method. A standardized protocol for radiolabeling PLTs with 51Cr and 111In and analyzing the results in a standardized fashion was employed successfully, with the two radioisotopes yielding similar results. The importance of correcting for residual activity after disappearance of injected cells was noted.
Modeling audio directional statistics using a complex bingham mixture model for blind source extraction from diffuse noise (2016)

Mask estimation is a central task in blind signal processing including source separation, denoising, and multi-source localization. In this paper, we define a complex Bingham mixture model (cBMM), and propose it as a model of directional statistics for mask estimation. The complex Bingham distribution can represent not only rotationally symmetric but also rotationally asymmetric distributions. Therefore, it can precisely model stochastic variation of the directional statistics due to reverberation, noise, source movement, etc., which is not necessarily rotationally symmetric. In an experimental evaluation, the proposed cBMM outperformed a conventional complex Watson mixture model (cWMM) in terms of blind source extraction from diffuse noise, reducing the word error rate by 0.91% absolute on CHiME-3 challenge data.
Identification of the <i>varR</i> Gene as a Transcriptional Regulator of Virginiamycin S Resistance in <i>Streptomyces virginiae</i> (2001)

A gene designated varR (for virginiae antibiotic resistance regulator) was identified in Streptomyces virginiae 89 bp downstream of a varS gene encoding a virginiamycin S (VS)-specific transporter. The deduced varR product showed high homology to repressors of the TetR family with a conserved helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif. Purified recombinant VarR protein was present as a dimer in vitro and showed clear DNA binding activity toward the varS promoter region. This binding was abolished by the presence of VS, suggesting that VarR regulates transcription of varS in a VS-dependent manner. Northern blot analysis revealed that varR was cotranscribed with upstream varS as a 2.4-kb transcript and that VS acted as an inducer of bicistronic transcription. Deletion analysis of the varS promoter region clarified two adjacent VarR binding sites in the varS promoter.
Poisson-Boltzmann Calculations: van der Waals or Molecular Surface? (2013)

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is widely used for modeling the electrostatics of biomolecules, but the calculation results are sensitive to the choice of the boundary between the low solute dielectric and the high solvent dielectric. The default choice for the dielectric boundary has been the molecular surface, but the use of the van der Waals surface has also been advocated. Here we review recent studies in which the two choices are tested against experimental results and explicit-solvent calculations. The assignment of the solvent high dielectric constant to interstitial voids in the solute is often used as a criticism against the van der Waals surface. However, this assignment may not be as unrealistic as previously thought, since hydrogen exchange and other NMR experiments have firmly established that all interior parts of proteins are transiently accessible to the solvent.
Circulating Immune Complex-Associated Parasite Antigens in Human Onchocerciasis (1990)

This study identified and characterized parasite antigens in sera from humans infected with Onchocerca volvulus. Immune complexes were precipitated from human sera with polyethylene glycol and analyzed by immunoblot with rabbit antibodies to O. volvulus. A 23-kDa parasite antigen was detected in sera from 17 of 23 Nigerian onchocerciasis patients and 5 of 10 endemic controls. Other parasite antigens with apparent molecular masses of 62, 66, and 70 kDa were less consistently observed. These antigens were not present in Nigerian or US nonendemic control sera, in sera from patients with various other parasitic infections, or in sera from US patients with autoimmune diseases. Biochemical studies indicated that these antigens are nonglycosylated acidic proteins that do not contain phosphorylcholine. These antigens may be useful as targets for improved diagnostic tests for onchocerciasis based on parasite antigen detection.
Parallel coded optical multicarrier frequency division multiplexing: a potential step towards high speed, high capacity and high reliability in optical transmission systems (2002)

We propose optical multicarrier FDM coupled with suitably applied FEC (forward error control) coding technique. The strategy of optical multicarriers is new in lightwave systems and its combination with FEC is novel. The optical multicarrier approach is effective in combating dispersion and increasing throughput whereas FEC is effective in diluting the interchannel interactions and increasing the reliability. No doubt FEC offers system reliability, but its application in lightwave systems is discouraged as it changes the system bit rate. We think that suitably applied FEC, that we refer as parallel FEC (PFEC), can solve the problem. PFEC involves the creation of additional parity check channels and their transmission in parallel with the data channels. Theoretical treatment shows that the proposed approach is promising and practical.
Correspondence driven adaptation for human profile recognition (2011)

Visual recognition systems for videos using statistical learning models often show degraded performance when being deployed to a real-world environment, primarily due to the fact that training data can hardly cover sufficient variations in reality. To alleviate this issue, we propose to utilize the object correspondences in successive frames as weak supervision to adapt visual recognition models, which is particularly suitable for human profile recognition. Specifically, we substantialize this new strategy on an advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) based system to estimate human gender, age, and race. We enforce the system to output consistent and stable results on face images from the same trajectories in videos by using incremental stochastic training. Our baseline system already achieves competitive performance on gender and age estimation as compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms on the FG-NET database. Further, on two new video datasets containing about 900 persons, the proposed supervision of correspondences improves the estimation accuracy by a large margin over the baseline.
A Twist-Snail Axis Critical for TrkB-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Transformation, Anoikis Resistance, and Metastasis (2009)

In a genomewide anoikis suppression screen for metastasis genes, we previously identified the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB. In mouse xenografts, activated TrkB caused highly invasive and metastatic tumors. Here, we describe that TrkB also induces a strong morphological transformation, resembling epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This required TrkB kinase activity, a functional mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, suppression of E-cadherin, and induction of Twist, a transcription factor contributing to EMT and metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated Twist depletion blocked TrkB-induced EMT-like transformation, anoikis suppression, and growth of tumor xenografts. By searching for essential effectors of TrkB-Twist signaling, we found that Twist induces Snail, another EMT regulator associated with poor cancer prognosis. Snail depletion impaired EMT-like transformation and anoikis suppression induced by TrkB, but in contrast to Twist depletion, it failed to inhibit tumor growth. Instead, Snail RNAi specifically impaired the formation of lung metastases. Epistasis experiments suggested that Twist acts upstream from Snail. Our results demonstrate that TrkB signaling activates a Twist-Snail axis that is critically involved in EMT-like transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Moreover, our data shed more light on the epistatic relationship between Twist and Snail, two key transcriptional regulators of EMT and metastasis.
Venous leg ulcers. (1998)

Venous ulcers are the most common form of leg ulcers and their incidence is increasing as the population ages. The diagnosis should be confirmed with tests for venous insufficiency and an assessment of arterial disease determined by a Doppler Ankle-Brachial ratio. The most important component of venous ulcer treatment is the use of high compression bandages for pitting edema. Non-healing ulcers may require a skin biopsy of the edge to confirm the diagnosis, medical treatment for woody fibrosis, adjustment of compression therapy, or use of a skin substitute or biological preparation.