gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting enzyme specificities in digestions of chondroitin sulfates A and C: Production of well-defined hexasaccharides (2012)

Interactions between proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the extracellular matrix are important to the regulation of cellular processes including growth, differentiation and migration. Understanding these processes can benefit greatly from the study of protein-GAG interactions using GAG oligosaccharides of well-defined structure. Materials for such studies have, however, been difficult to obtain because of challenges in synthetic approaches and the extreme structural heterogeneity in GAG polymers. Here, it is demonstrated that diversity in structures of oligosaccharides derived by limited enzymatic digestion of materials from natural sources can be greatly curtailed by a proper selection of combinations of source materials and digestive enzymes, a process aided by an improved understanding of the specificities of certain commercial preparations of hydrolases and lyases. Separation of well-defined oligosaccharides can then be accomplished by size-exclusion chromatography followed by strong anion-exchange chromatography. We focus here on two types of chondroitin sulfate (CS) as starting material (CS-A, and CS-C) and the use of three digestive enzymes with varying specificities (testicular hyaluronidase and bacterial chondroitinases ABC and C). Analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry focuses on isolated CS disaccharides and hexasaccharides. In all, 15 CS hexasaccharides have been isolated and characterized. These serve as useful contributions to growing libraries of well-defined GAG oligosaccharides that can be used in further biophysical assays.
Structural domains in phage Mu transposase: identification of the site-specific DNA-binding domain. (1987)

Limited proteolysis of phage Mu transposase with three proteases of differing specificities produced a common pattern of fragmentation. The fragments were mapped by using a combination of immunoblotting and amino acid sequence analysis. Our results suggest that the transposase molecule is organized principally into three domains: an amino-terminal domain of molecular mass 30 kDa, a core region of approximately 35 kDa, and a carboxyl-terminal domain of approximately 10 kDa. The amino-terminal domain has at least two additional sites that are partially accessible to proteases. Filter binding and nuclease protection studies were done to determine the functions of the isolated domains. Site-specific binding to Mu DNA was localized to the amino-terminal domain. The core domain showed nonspecific DNA-binding activity.
Design Impedance Mismatch Physical Unclonable Functions for IoT Security (2017)

We propose a new design, Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) scheme, for the Internet of Things (IoT), which has been suffering from multiple-level security threats. As more and more objects interconnect on IoT networks, the identity of each thing is very important. To authenticate each object, we design an impedance mismatch PUF, which exploits random physical factors of the transmission line to generate a security unique private key. The characteristic impedance of the transmission line and signal transmission theory of the printed circuit board (PCB) are also analyzed in detail. To improve the reliability, current feedback amplifier (CFA) method is applied on the PUF. Finally, the proposed scheme is implemented and tested. The measure results show that impedance mismatch PUF provides better unpredictability and randomness.
CORRECTION OF THE SOURCE OF “AFFININ” (N-ISOBUTYL-2,6,8-DECATRIENOAMIDE) (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCORRECTION OF THE SOURCE OF "AFFININ" (N-ISOBUTYL-2,6,8-DECATRIENOAMIDE)MARTIN JACOBSON, FRED ACREE Jr., and H. L. HALLERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1947, 12, 5, 731–732Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01169a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01169a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Glycolytic Enzyme Polypeptides on the Two-Dimensional Protein Map of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and Application to the Study of Some Wine Yeasts (1985)

Using a modification of the basic two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique, the polypeptides of the protein map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in glycolysis were investigated. This study resulted in a reassignment of two of the seven glycolytic enzyme polypeptides previously identified (Ludwig et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:117-126, 1982), those corresponding to phosphoglycerate kinase and to alcohol dehydrogenase. It also resulted in the identification of two additional glycolytic polypeptides, the enolase B monomer and the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase B monomer. The glycolytic enzymes polypeptides so identified were investigated in 5 laboratory strains (all S. cerevisiae) and in 11 commerical strains used for wine making (S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus). It appeared highly significant that a particular electrophoretic variant of the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase B monomer was found only in the wine yeasts. Furthermore, it was strongly suggested that S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus strains are distinguishible on the basis of a different electrophoretic migration of the enolase B monomer.
Non-Traditional Careers: Female Agricultural Economists (1977)

Not too long ago, most decisions were made by men. Using the brain was considered “unfeminine,” and it was a rare woman who was acquainted with the intricacies of financial planning. Today, things are changing as more and more women realize that prudent action in money matters can mean the difference between a comfortable future and “just getting by.”
Magnetostriction, elastic moduli, and coupling factors of composite Terfenol-D (1994)

Recently it was discovered that composites of Terfenol-D alloys with an insulating binder produce very large magnetostrictions. Resistivities of these composites reach high values, making them attractive for high-frequency applications which require small eddy current losses. In this paper the magnetostriction, magnetization, and Young’s moduli measurements made under constant magnetic field conditions and under constant flux conditions are reported. From these measurements, magnetomechanical coupling factors are calculated. The properties are compared to those of ordinary metallic Terfenol-D and nickel. Two different types of composites were investigated. In the first type the composite has an isotropic structure and in the second type, anisotropic. It is shown that the anisotropic type is more desirable since it possesses both higher magnetostriction and higher coupling factors. It is also clearly shown that the magnetization process for the anisotropic type can be explained by a 180° domain wall motion followed by a magnetization rotation.
Regulation of the formation of the major diethylstilbestrol—DNA adduct and some evidence of its structure (1994)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces kidney tumors in hamsters. In previous studies, DES has been shown by 32P-post-labeling analysis to bind covalently to DNA in vivo and in vitro and DES-DNA adduct formation has been suggested to play a key role in DES-induced carcinogenicity. In this study, we have examined the influence of the dose of DES, age of animals and organ specificity on adduct formation in hamsters. In addition, we examined the characteristics of DES-DNA adduct formation in vitro and the structure of the major adduct. DES-DNA adducts were detected in liver and kidney of hamsters treated with at least 20 mg/kg DES. Adduct concentrations were higher at higher doses or in older compared to younger animals. The covalent binding of DES to DNA catalyzed by hamster liver microsomes required cumene hydroperoxide as cofactor, whereas with NADPH, adducts were barely detectable, presumably because the reactive metabolic intermediate DES quinone was reduced to DES. The major DES-DNA adduct formed in vitro was purified by semipreparative and analytical high pressure liquid chromatography. It is concluded that DES-DNA adducts are formed from DES quinone at very low rates in vitro and occur at low levels in vivo, even when hamsters receive very large doses of DES. The dependence of DES-DNA adduct concentrations in vitro on organic hydroperoxide cofactors required for cytochrome P450-mediated DES quinone formation indicates that stilbene-DNA adduction may occur only under conditions of oxidative stress.
Localization of the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acid in mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)

The localization of the mitochondrial elongation activities ('elongases') from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated. It was shown, using carboxyatractyloside in the incubation mixture, that synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids probably occurred outside the matrix and, by fractionation experiments, that elongases are membrane-bound enzymes. The solubilization of the outer membrane by digitonin showed that three elongating activities are correlated with a marker of the outer membrane and not with an inner membrane marker. A further partial purification of the outer membrane showed that elongases are present in the outer membrane of mitochondria.
Disruption of the ESX‐5 system of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> causes loss of PPE protein secretion, reduction of cell wall integrity and strong attenuation (2012)

The chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes five type VII secretion systems (ESX-1-ESX-5). While the role of the ESX-1 and ESX-3 systems in M. tuberculosis has been elucidated, predictions for the function of the ESX-5 system came from data obtained in Mycobacterium marinum, where it transports PPE and PE_PGRS proteins and modulates innate immune responses. To define the role of the ESX-5 system in M. tuberculosis, in this study, we have constructed five M. tuberculosis H37Rv ESX-5 knockout/deletion mutants, inactivating eccA(5), eccD(5), rv1794 and esxM genes or the ppe25-pe19 region. Whereas the Mtbrv1794ko displayed no obvious phenotype, the other four mutants showed defects in secretion of the ESX-5-encoded EsxN and PPE41, a representative member of the large PPE protein family. Strikingly, the MtbeccD(5) ko mutant also showed enhanced sensitivity to detergents and hydrophilic antibiotics. When the virulence of the five mutants was evaluated, the MtbeccD(5) ko and MtbΔppe25-pe19 mutants were found attenuated both in macrophages and in the severe combined immune-deficient mouse infection model. Altogether these findings indicate an essential role of ESX-5 for transport of PPE proteins, cell wall integrity and full virulence of M. tuberculosis, thereby opening interesting new perspectives for the study of this human pathogen.
Energy-efficient congestion control on contention-based BW-REQ in WiMAX system (2008)

The IEEE 802.16 standard for broadband wireless metropolitan area network supports diverse real time and non-real time services. The standard defined the contention-based bandwidth request mechanism for the nonreal time (nrt-PS) and Best-Effort (BE) services. Before using the resource of base station (BS), the mobile station (MS) or subscriber station (SS) should send the bandwidth request (BW-REQ) in the allocated contention time interval. For avoiding collision, the standard supports truncated binary exponential backoff resolution. However this mechanism works inefficiently while the network traffic is overloading, and then the result will cause MSs waste power. In this paper we propose a new mechanism at MS, for BE service, to help the MS send the bandwidth request more efficiently and also avoid the traffic peak. By using the mechanism, the MS sends the bandwidth request in the low loading time and it reduces the power consumption of the MS. Additionally, the method balanced the burst of traffic loading and smoothed the traffic loading that brings the bandwidth request efficiency and higher power utilization.
Una Experiencia en Generación de Instrumentos y Técnicas de Evaluación Formativa (2003)

El objetivo general fue revisar, discutir, aplicar y concienciar la generacion de instrumentos en las modalidades de auto y coevaluacion del modelo integrativo humanista andragogico en los participantes del postgrado de la Universidad Nacional Experimental “Rafael Maria Baralt”, mejorando sus aspectos cuali-cuantitativo, modificando esta situacion en incluir al participante como agente activo del proceso. Tienen que ver con ello, las actitudes, valores, madurez, responsabilidad, la subjetividad de los participantes y docentes. La Metodologia aplicada fue Investigacion ”“ Accion en el aula, basada en el modelo de Kemmis y Carr. Las tecnicas utilizadas fueron de naturaleza cuali-cuantitativas y se fundamentaron en las premisas del paradigma critico De acuerdo con los resultados de la investigacion, hubo una mejoria significativa en la generacion de los instrumentos de autoevaluacion y coevaluacion empleados por los participantes en el eje de investigacion de la Maestria Docencia para la Educacion Superior.
Photoplethysmography detection by smartphone's videocamera (2011)

Smartphone's video cameras become more and more powerful while the devices itself become used by many people. That allows utilizing them for many every-day tasks. One of such suitable application of the widely used smartphones is monitoring the state of the health. In this paper we propose an approach to detect the photoplethysmograph signal from the fingertip using a smartphone's camera and built-in LED. The proposed solution allows detecting the proper heart rate and is robust to different situations of wrong-usage of the system.
Synthesis of feedback controls using optimization theory--An example (1963)

This paper illustrates the use of optimization theory in the synthesis of a linear time-varying feedback control by carrying out the design of an aircraft landing system. The optimization method employed is the Parametric Expansion Method. A number of different controls are synthesized by selecting different functional forms for the weighting factors appearing in the error index formulated from the performance requirements. These controls are compared by presenting the landing trajectories of the aircraft.
Fungal degradation of polycaprolactones (1983)

Abstract Three high molecular weight polycaprolactones (M̄ w = 35,000, 18,600, and 7,130) were utilized as the sole carbon source by five of six fungi tested by the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) agar plate method. The fungi were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Chaetomium globosum, Pencillium funiculosum , and a Fusarium sp. Quantitative analysis of degradation was performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC analysis demonstrated differences between the activities of organisms which appeared similar by the ASTM method, and showed that, while all molecular weight species within each polymer were hydrolyzed, in several cases low molecular weight end products were not assimilated. Depending on the organism, the dominant factor determining degradability was either polymer molecular weight or degree of crystallinity.
Direct Force Measurements between α-Alumina Surfaces with Adsorption of Anionic Surfactant/Polymer Mixtures (2003)

Direct measurements of interaction forces between α-alumina surfaces with coadsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and anionic polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) at pH 3.5 are carried out by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. It is found that in aqueous PSS solutions the interaction forces are dependent on the initial PSS concentration. At low PSS concentration the electrostatic repulsion initially present is neutralized, resulting in a weak attraction between the surfaces, while as the concentration is increased further, repulsive forces reappear due to the additional adsorption of PSS on the surface. The adsorbed PSS adopts a relatively flat conformation at all PSS concentrations investigated. On the other hand, the interaction forces are dramatically different for the simultaneous addition of SDS and PSS: the force profile for the coaddition comes progressively close to that for the addition of SDS alone with increasing SDS concentration. This is attributed to the fact that SDS plays a key role for the coadsorption of SDS and PSS over a high SDS concentration region. The dispersion stability and ζ potential of α-alumina suspensions are evaluated for comparison with the resultant forces, and a good correlation is obtained between them. The effects of sequential addition of SDS and PSS are also investigated.
Gas pre-treatment and their impact on liquefaction processes (1999)

Natural gas generally requires removal of H{sub 2}S, CO{sub 2}, COS, organic sulfur compounds, mercury and water prior to liquefaction in order to meet product specifications, avoid blockages and to prevent damage to process equipment. The cost of pre-treatment is dependent on the type and concentrations of the contaminants in the natural gas. Most of the operational base load LNG plants process feed gas with only low concentrations of CO{sub 2}, mercury and water as contaminants. This type of gas requires the minimum of treating, often comprising of a CO{sub 2} removal unit, molecular sieves for drying and a carbon bed for mercury removal. The Shell sulfinol process is the most widely applied acid gas removal process, serving some 40% of the installed base load LNG capacity, and has proven to be very reliable and cost effective. If substantial quantities of H{sub 2}S are present in the feed, a sulfur recovery unit is required as well. When mercaptans are also present in gas feed, the Shell Sulfinol process is strongly preferred, Almost the automatic choice for as the acid gas removal step, since it combines total CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S removal with mercaptan removal up to 97%. Formulated methylmore » diethanol amine (MDEA) solvents have a comparable capital cost to Sulfinol, but lack the mercaptan removal capabilities. There is one exception, the Flexsorb formulation (from Exxon) which also contains sulfolane. Later revamp of a gas pre-treatment unit from limited mercaptan handling capability to significant mercaptan handling capability can also elegantly be done using an integrated Sulfinol based concept. Whereas the capital cost for dehydration and mercury removal depend mainly on the natural gas throughput, the relative capital investment for acid gas removal treating in a LNG plant increases significantly with increasing CO{sub 2} content., At 2% mol CO{sub 2} the acid gas unit represents from 6% of the processing equipment cost at 2% mol CO{sub 2} but at 14% mol CO{sub 2} it represents 15% of the processing equipment cost. The capital cost for dehydration and mercury removal depend mainly on the natural gas throughput. New developments such as membrane technologies are starting to be considered as an option for bulk removal of CO{sub 2} but solvent absorption remains the only cost effective treatment process for gas to meet LNG specifications. Further developments may change this in the future.« less
Novel use of a high‐energy excimer laser catheter for calcified and complex coronary artery lesions (2004)

This study was designed to evaluate safety and effectiveness of the 0.9 mm excimer laser coronary catheter with increased laser parameters. We report a prospective trial of 100 calcified and/or balloon-resistant lesions where a new 0.9 mm excimer laser catheter was used at standard or higher energy level to facilitate angioplasty. Standard in-hospital clinical and angiographic parameters were collected and measured. Laser technical success was obtained in 87 lesions (92%), procedural success was reached in 88 lesions (93%), and clinical success in 82 lesions (86%). Increased laser parameters were used for 29 resistant lesions. This new 0.9 mm excimer laser coronary catheter using higher energy parameters seems to be safe and effective for management of calcified and nondilatable lesions.
Engineered Escherichia coli with Periplasmic Carbonic Anhydrase as a Biocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub>Sequestration (2013)

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2). It has been suggested recently that this remarkably fast enzyme can be used for sequestration of CO2, a major greenhouse gas, making this a promising alternative for chemical CO2 mitigation. To promote the economical use of enzymes, we engineered the carbonic anhydrase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ngCA) in the periplasm of Escherichia coli, thereby creating a bacterial whole-cell catalyst. We then investigated the application of this system to CO2 sequestration by mineral carbonation, a process with the potential to store large quantities of CO2. ngCA was highly expressed in the periplasm of E. coli in a soluble form, and the recombinant bacterial cell displayed the distinct ability to hydrate CO2 compared with its cytoplasmic ngCA counterpart and previously reported whole-cell CA systems. The expression of ngCA in the periplasm of E. coli greatly accelerated the rate of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formation and exerted a striking impact on the maximal amount of CaCO3 produced under conditions of relatively low pH. It was also shown that the thermal stability of the periplasmic enzyme was significantly improved. These results demonstrate that the engineered bacterial cell with periplasmic ngCA can successfully serve as an efficient biocatalyst for CO2 sequestration.
Méthodes directes d’optimisation - Méthodes dérivées de la méthode Simplex (2018)

La méthode d’optimisation Simplex procède par itérations successives en partant d’une expérience initiale pour converger vers une zone optimale. Devant l’efficacité de cette approche, des auteurs ont préconisé des modifications qui tiennent compte de la réponse obtenue à chaque essai.
Data glove with a force sensor (2003)

This paper presents a data glove equipped with a force sensor. The construction and the electronic circuit are also described. The glove is selected to be a rubber-coated cotton glove. The sensors are firmly attached to the rubber-coated glove using cyanoacrilic glue. The force sensor is made of a steel plate substrate where the commercial strain gauges are attached. The plate is attached on the thumb. The strain gauge bridge is powered by a digital current source. A digital sine is produced by a microcontroller and a DAC with current output. At the peak, the microcontroller produces a digital output signal. This signal triggers the data acquisition system. The force sensor presents a linear response and a resolution of 0.38 N with a sensitivity of 0.05 V/N. The combination can be used in robotics, telecheric applications, biomechanics and virtual reality applications.