gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catechin and Caffeine Content of Green Tea Dietary Supplements and Correlation with Antioxidant Capacity (2006)

The health benefits associated with tea consumption have resulted in the wide inclusion of green tea extracts in botanical dietary supplements, which are widely consumed as adjuvants for complementary and alternative medicines. Tea contains polyphenols such as catechins or flavan-3-ols including epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), as well as the alkaloid, caffeine. Polyphenols are antioxidants, and EGCG, due to its high levels, is widely accepted as the major antioxidant in green tea. Therefore, commercial green tea dietary supplements (GTDS) may be chemically standardized to EGCG levels and/or biologically standardized to antioxidant capacity. However, label claims on GTDS may not correlate with actual phytochemical content or antioxidant capacity nor provide information about the presence and levels of caffeine. In the current study, 19 commonly available GTDS were evaluated for catechin and caffeine content (using high-performance liquid chromatography) and for antioxidative activity [using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assays]. Product labels varied in the information provided and were inconsistent with actual phytochemical contents. Only seven of the GTDS studied made label claims of caffeine content, 11 made claims of EGCG content, and five specified total polyphenol content. Caffeine, EGCG, and total polyphenol contents in the GTDS varied from 28 to 183, 12-143, and 14-36% tablet or capsule weight, respectively. TEAC and ORAC values for GTDS ranged from 187 to 15340 and from 166 to 13690 mumol Trolox/g for tablet or capsule, respectively. The antioxidant activities for GTDS determined by TEAC and ORAC were well-correlated with each other and with the total polyphenol content. Reliable labeling information and standardized manufacturing practices, based on both chemical standardization and biological assays, are recommended for the quality control of botanical dietary supplements.
Home Projection Television: Part I. Cathode-Ray Tube and Optical System (1948)

A comparison of direct-viewing with projection tubes leads to the conclusion that the latter are better suited to provide a picture of adequate dimensions. The characteristics of a 2.5-inch cathode-ray tube for television projection in an average living-room are described. Some details of the tube are as follows: a very small spot size, achieved by unusually close tolerances in neck and gun dimensions; a narrow neck, reducing the energy required for the magnetic focusing and deflection to a value about equal to that for direct-viewing tubes; a face plate ground to meet the optical requirements of the projection system; and a metal backing for the screen so that high reflectivity and good electrical conductivity aid in the achievement of an adequate brightness. For projecting the image on the viewing screen, a modified Schmidt-mirror system was adopted. The different possible modifications and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. A simple and flexible method for preparing aspherical correction plates is described; it consists in molding the correctors on a glass plate from a gelatine solution and drying them afterwards. The design and performance of the projection system are discussed briefly.
Reusable hypertext structures for distance and JIT learning (2000)

Article Free Access Share on Reusable hypertext structures for distance and JIT learning Authors: Anne Morgan Spalter Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RIView Profile , Rosemary Michelle Simpson Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RIView Profile Authors Info & Claims HYPERTEXT '00: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM on Hypertext and hypermediaMay 2000 Pages 29–38https://doi.org/10.1145/336296.336311Published:30 May 2000Publication History 4citation518DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads518Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Quantification of the adhesion strength of fibroblast cells on ethylene glycol terminated self-assembled monolayers by a microfluidic shear force assay (2010)

The adhesion strength of cells depends on the properties of the surface they attach to. Varying the surface properties can trigger different cellular responses such as differentiation. In order to study cell adhesion quantitatively, we developed a microfluidic shear force assay which allows the variation of applied shear stress by five orders of magnitude. With this device we can determine the critical shear stress which is necessary to remove 50% of the adherent cells. As an application we investigated the adhesion strength of cells on a series of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) containing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). By varying the number of ethylene oxide units, the hydration properties of the monolayers are changed. We found that cell adhesion strength for mammalian fibroblasts decreases if the hydration of the surface is increased. As the cell spreading area changes with the substrate properties, the adhesion strength per unit area was additionally determined.
Study of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on CeO<sub>2</sub>(111) Using Ultra Accelerated Quantum Chemical Molecular Dynamics (2009)

Ceria has attracted intensive interest in the past decade because of its vital role in emerging technologies for exhaust gas purification in automobiles. In this study, we have investigated the process of conversion of CO to CO2 via the creation of an oxygen vacancy on the ceria surface. The study was conducted using a new ultra accelerated quantum chemical molecular dynamics method. Through this simulation, we have demonstrated that a high-energy colliding CO molecule is adsorbed on the ceria, pulling up an O atom from the ceria surface to form a CO2 molecule. This molecular dynamics simulation of CO oxidation has been carried out for the first time using quantum chemical methods.
A framework for multi-dimensional adaptive subdivision objects (2004)

Despite the growing interest in subdivision surfaces within the computer graphics and geometric processing communities, subdivision approaches have been receiving much less attention in solid modeling. This paper presents a powerful new framework for a subdivision scheme that is defined over a simplicial complex in any n-D space. We first present a series of definitions to facilitate topological inquiries during the subdivision process. The scheme is derived from the double (k + 1)-directional box splines over k-simplicial domains. Thus, it guarantees a certain level of smoothness in the limit on a regular mesh. The subdivision rules are modified by spatial averaging to guarantee C1 smoothness near extraordinary cases. Within a single framework, we combine the subdivision rules that can produce 1-, 2-, and 3-manifold in arbitrary n-D space. Possible solutions for non-manifold regions between the manifolds with different dimensions are suggested as a form of selective subdivision rules according to user preference. We briefly describe the subdivision matrix analysis to ensure a reasonable smoothness across extraordinary topologies, and empirical results support our assumption. In addition, through modifications, we show that the scheme can easily represent objects with singularities, such as cusps, creases, or corners. We further develop local adaptive refinement rules that can achieve level-of-detail control for hierarchical modeling. Our implementation is based on the topological properties of a simplicial domain. Therefore, it is flexible and extendable. We also develop a solid modeling system founded on our theoretical framework to show potential benefits of our work in industrial design, geometric processing, and other applications.
sis (platelet-derived growth factor B chain) gene transcript levels are elevated in human atherosclerotic lesions compared to normal artery. (1987)

Arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is thought to be an essential aspect of the development of human atherosclerotic lesions. In this study we posed the question, could a growth factor gene be transcriptionally active in atherosclerotic tissue? We found that transcripts from the sis gene, which encodes one of the two chains of platelet-derived growth factor, were present in surgically removed human carotid artery lesions at levels 5-fold greater than the low level of constitutive expression detected in normal artery. This demonstrates that a growth factor could be synthesized endogenously within human atherosclerotic lesions. Although atherosclerotic lesions are composed predominantly of SMC, large numbers of infiltrating macrophages, T cells, and endothelial cells can also be present, raising the possibility that one of these secondary cell types, rather than SMC, could be responsible for the sis transcripts. Human macrophages activated in culture contained 2- to 4-fold more sis RNA, per micrograms of total cellular RNA, than lesions, whereas T cells activated in culture did not contain significant levels. Cultured human endothelial cells expressed sis transcripts at higher levels than macrophages. Since human arterial SMC in culture express receptors for and are mitogenically responsive to platelet-derived growth factor, transcription of the sis gene by cells within lesions, whether these cells are SMC themselves, macrophages, endothelial cells, or another cell type, suggests that an autocrine and/or paracrine proliferative mechanism is important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Downregulation of PTEN at Corneal Wound Sites Accelerates Wound Healing through Increased Cell Migration (2011)

Injury to the corneal epithelium downregulates the expression of PTEN at wound edges, allowing increased PI3K/Akt signaling, thereby contributing to a significant enhancement of cell migration and wound healing. These results suggest that PTEN inhibition may be an effective treatment for corneal injury.
Iterative Image Restoration Algorithms (1989)

This tutorial paper discusses the use of successive-approximation-based iterative restoration algorithms for the removal of linear blurs and noise from images. Iterative algorithms are particularly attractive for this application because they allow for the incorporation of prior knowledge about the class of feasible solutions, because they can be used to remove nonstationary blurs, and because they are fairly robust with respect to errors in the approximation of the blurring operator. Regularization is introduced as a means for preventing the excessive noise magnification that is typically associated with ill-posed inverse problems such as the deblurring problem. Iterative algorithms with higher convergence rates and a multistep iterative algorithm are also discussed. A number of examples are presented.
The use of three‐dimensional collagen gels for the study of tumour cell invasion <i>in vitro</i>: Experimental parameters influencing cell migration into the gel matrix (1982)

We have been using three-dimensional gels of native collagen fibres as a substratum for the study of cell migratory behaviour. The objective of this work has been to develop an experimental model system for the study of tumour cell invasion. Data are presented in this communication concerning the effects of a number of experimental parameters on the migration of human foreskin fibroblasts (normal) and a Syrian hamster melanoma cell line (tumour) into three-dimensional gels of native collagen fibres. We find that the migration of both these cell types into the gel matrix is affected by the concentration of collagen in the gel, as well as by the initial density of cells plated onto the gel and the density of cells in the stock culture dishes. These results are discussed in terms of the control of cell migration into the gel and also demonstrate the potential utility of this model system for the study of tumour cell invasion.
Decomposition in data mining: an industrial case study (2000)

Data mining offers tools for discovery of relationships, patterns, and knowledge in large databases. The knowledge extraction process is computationally complex and therefore a subset of all data Is normally considered for mining. In this paper, numerous methods for decomposition of data sets are discussed. Decomposition enhances the quality of knowledge extracted from large databases by simplification of the data mining task. The ideas presented are illustrated with examples and an industrial case study. In the case study reported in this paper, a data mining approach is applied to extract knowledge from a data set. The extracted knowledge is used for the prediction and prevention of manufacturing faults in wafers.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐COUMARYL PHENYL SULFONES OR SULFOXIDES (1981)

Abstract Aus den Salicylaldehyden (I) entstehen mit den S‐Phenyl‐thioglykolsäuren (II) die 3‐Cumarylphenyl‐sulfide (III); entsprechend erhält man aus dem Aldehyd (IV) die Benzo‐Analogen (V).
Signals and Combinatorial Functions of Histone Modifications (2011)

Alterations of chromatin structure have been shown to be crucial for response to cell signaling and for programmed gene expression in development. Posttranslational histone modifications influence changes in chromatin structure both directly and by targeting or activating chromatin-remodeling complexes. Histone modifications intersect with cell signaling pathways to control gene expression and can act combinatorially to enforce or reverse epigenetic marks in chromatin. Through their recognition by protein complexes with enzymatic activities cross talk is established between different modifications and with other epigenetic pathways, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and DNA methylation. Here, we review the functions of histone modifications and their exploitation in the programming of gene expression during several events in development.
Adipose‐derived stem cell‐containing hyaluronic acid/alginate hydrogel improves vocal fold wound healing (2013)

The findings of the present study suggest that HA/ALG hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for prolonging the retention time of stem cells in VFs and for promotion of VF wound healing.
Implementation of pedal feeling for Brake By Wire system using bilateral control (2008)

Brake-By-Wire means that the direct mechanical link between brake pedal and braking cylinder is completely replaced by an electromechanical braking system. This concept, originally used for aircraft and military only, has distinct advantages for implementing in new car designs. However brake pedal feeling should be identical to the conventional brake pedal. Ideally, the pedal should behave like a conventional brake. Bilateral control is proposed to be used to for brake by wire system. In conventional brake system, a physical spring is used to move the pedal to its “pedal parking position”. In this study, this spring is replaced by a virtual spring. Virtual spring damper model is used within the bilateral control system. Experiment uses a bilateral controlled master slave system. Even though this experiment system is not a brake by wire system, this bilateral system is capable enough to show the applicability of the proposed concept. Braking feeling could be transferred from the slave side to the pedal. Virtual spring behaved identically to a physical spring.
Are there multiple pathways in the pathogenesis of Huntington'sdisease? (1999)

Studies of huntingtin localization in human post-mortem brain offer insights and a framework for basic experiments in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. In neurons of cortex and striatum, we identified changes in the cytoplasmic localization of huntingtin including a marked perinuclear accumulation of huntingtin and formation of multivesicular bodies, changes conceivably pointing to an altered handling of huntingtin in neurons. In Huntington's disease, huntingtin also accumulates in aberrant subcellular compartments such as nuclear and neuritic aggregates co-localized with ubiquitin. The site of protein aggregation is polyglutamine-dependent, both in juvenile-onset patients having more aggregates in the nucleus and in adult-onset patients presenting more neuritic aggregates. Studies in vitro reveal that the genesis of these aggregates and cell death are tied to cleavage of mutant huntingtin. However, we found that the aggregation of mutant huntingtin can be dissociated from the extent of cell death. Thus properties of mutant huntingtin more subtle than its aggregation, such as its proteolysis and protein interactions that affect vesicle trafficking and nuclear transport, might suffice to cause neurodegeneration in the striatum and cortex. We propose that mutant huntingtin engages multiple pathogenic pathways leading to neuronal death.
High-resolution field ionization mass spectrometry of bacterial pyrolysis products (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-resolution field ionization mass spectrometry of bacterial pyrolysis productsH R. Schulten, H D. Beckey, H. L. C. Meuzelaar, and A. J. H. BoerboomCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 1, 191–195Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60323a039Request reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (525 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A conditional lethal yeast phosphotransferase (tpt1) mutant accumulates tRNAs with a 2'-phosphate and an undermodified base at the splice junction. (1997)

tRNA splicing is essential in yeast and humans and presumably all eukaryotes. The first two steps of yeast tRNA splicing, excision of the intron by endonuclease and joining of the exons by tRNA ligase, leave a splice junction bearing a 2'-phosphate. Biochemical analysis suggests that removal of this phosphate in yeast is catalyzed by a highly specific 2'-phosphotransferase that transfers the phosphate to NAD to form ADP-ribose 1"-2" cyclic phosphate. 2'-Phosphotransferase catalytic activity is encoded by a single essential gene, TPT1, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show here that Tpt1 protein is responsible for the dephosphorylation step of tRNA splicing in vivo because, during nonpermissive growth, conditional lethal tpt1 mutants accumulate 2'-phosphorylated tRNAs from eight different tRNA species that are known to be spliced. We show also that several of these tRNAs are undermodified at the splice junction residue, which is always located at the hypermodified position one base 3' of the anticodon. This result is consistent with previous results indicating that modification of the hypermodified position occurs after intron excision in the tRNA processing pathway, and implies that modification normally follows the dephosphorylation step of tRNA splicing in vivo.
Determination of Metabolic Flux Ratios From 13C-Experiments and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Data (2007)

Network topology is a necessary fundament to understand function and properties of microbial reaction networks. A valuable method for experimental elucidation of metabolic network topology is metabolic flux ratio analysis, which quantifies the relative contribution of two or more converging pathways to a given metabolite. It is based on 13C-labeling experiments, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and probabilistic equations that relate mass distributions in proteinogenic amino acids to pathway activity. Here, we describe the protocol for sample generation and illustrate the principles underlying the calculation of metabolic flux ratios with three examples. These principles are also implemented in the publicly available software FiatFlux, which directly calculates flux ratios from the mass spectra of amino acids.
Aluminum P/M Parts - Their Properties and Performance (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the mechanical properties of precision P/M parts produced from aluminum alloys 201 AB and 601 AB and presents data on their corrosion resistance, wear performance, and machinability. The properties and characteristics of aluminum P/M materials are compared with iron P/M, brass P/M, and aluminum die castings.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Alloy 201 AB develops ultimate tensile strengths up to 50,000 psi and provides a desirable combination of strength, ductility, impact and fatigue properties in a lightweight, economical P/M material. Alloy 601 AB achieves moderate strengths of 35,000 psi with superior corrosion resistance, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and has the ability to accept many attractive finishes. Both alloys can be machined at high cutting speeds to a smooth surface finish after heat treatment. In the T6 temper they possess high wear resistance approaching that of aluminum die cast alloys.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These new aluminum P/M compositions have unique product properties providing the powder metal industry with broad new capabilities in many design applications.</div>
A distributed control scheme for causality and media synchronization in networked multimedia games (2003)

This paper proposes a distributed control scheme for causality and media synchronization in networked games where plural media streams such as computer data, voice, and video are dealt with together. According to the network load, the scheme adaptively preserves the temporal and causal relationships which exist among the media streams. It also performs group (or inter-destination) synchronization control, which adjusts the output timing among terminals for keeping the fairness among them. Furthermore, it exerts error control over computer data and video traffic control. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme by carrying out an experiment of a networked shooting game.
A Role for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Type II Cryoglobulinemia (1992)

Type II cryoglobulinemia is strongly associated with concomitant HCV infection and a high rate of false negative serologic tests. HCV virions and HCV antigen-antibody complexes are concentrated in the cryoprecipitates, most commonly in association with the WA type of rheumatoid factor, suggesting a role for HCV in the pathogenesis of mixed cryoglobulinemia.