gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA mismatching and outcome in heart, heart-lung, and single lung transplantation. (1995)

HLA mismatching affects rejection, but the effect is limited to the early postoperative period for heart and heart-lung recipients. Lower grades of mismatch increase the likelihood of successful steroid withdrawal for heart recipients. The chance occurrence of no mismatch at any locus is rare, making prospective matching infeasible. HLA mismatching identifies patients at higher risk of rejection. The best use of this information may be to guide early immunosuppression, limiting prospective matching to retransplants or with presensitized recipients.
Parallel scanning probe arrays: their applications (2008)

Since the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM)1 and the atomic force microscope (AFM)2, the field of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) instruments has grown steadily and has had a profound influence in materials research, chemistry, biology, nanotechnology, and electronics3, 4. Today, scanning probe instruments are used for metrology, characterization5, detection6, manipulation7, patterning8, 9, and material modification. A wide range of scanning probe applications are available, taking advantage of various modes of tip–substrate interactions, including force, optics10, 11, electrochemistry12, electromagnetics, electrostatics, thermal and mass transfer13, 14, and vibration15, 16.
A multiuser groupware calendar system based on agent tools and technology (2005)

In this paper MATT, a groupware calendar system (GCS), is presented. The MATT system provides users with a shared calendar service by preserving the right to the privacy and also by presenting features for arranging meetings automatically. The core of the proposed GCS system is a multiagent infrastructure. The shared calendar is managed automatically as well as the process of arranging meeting resulting in an effective tool. An advanced network management system allows MATT to be functional regardless if the connection is present or not
Evaluation of residual thermal stress in Cu metalized silicon nitride substrates by raman spectroscopy (2018)

Local thermal stress is a critical issue in high-temperature packaging technologies. In the power module heat-releasing metalized ceramic substrates become more and more important. Large difference in coefficients of thermal expansion between ceramic and metal generates extensive thermal stress near the bonded interface of the metalized substrate. In this study local thermal stress generated in the ceramic part of Cu metalized Si3N4 substrate was evaluated by Raman spectroscopic analysis. The tensile stress of about 50 MPa was measured in the ceramic part near the interface of Cu plate.
Vaccines for bovine tuberculosis: current views and future prospects (2005)

Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is rapidly increasing in cattle herds in developed countries such as the UK, New Zealand and the USA. In addition, persistence of M. bovis in other parts of the world may account for up to 10% of cases of human tuberculosis. Thus, a rise in the number of M. bovis infections poses an increased human health risk and is also a major economic problem. In the UK, the incidence of bovine tuberculosis continues to rise despite the use of a skin test and slaughter control policy, highlighting the need for an effective vaccination strategy to control the spread of disease. The only vaccine currently available for human, (and bovine), tuberculosis is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, which is known to have variable efficacy for both species. In this article, the authors discuss potential strategies by which Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination may be improved to allow highly efficacious vaccination of cattle. These strategies are also highly applicable to the fight against tuberculosis in humans.
<i>N</i>-Cycloalkyl Derivatives of Adenosine and 1-Deazaadenosine as Agonists and Partial Agonists of the A<sub>1</sub> Adenosine Receptor (1999)

A number of cycloalkyl substituents (from C-3 to C-8) have been introduced on the 6-amino group of adenosine, 1-deazaadenosine, and 2'-deoxyadenosine, bearing or not a chlorine atom at the 2-position, to evaluate the influence on the A(1) and A(2A) affinity of steric hindrance and lipophilicity. Furthermore, the guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) shift and the maximal induction of guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) binding to G proteins in rat brain membranes were used to determine the intrinsic activity of these nucleosides at the A(1) adenosine receptor. All compounds of the ribose-bearing series proved to be full agonists, the 1-deaza derivatives showing affinities for the A(1) receptor about 10-fold lower than the corresponding adenosines. On the other hand, all the 2'-deoxyribose derivatives bind to the A(1) receptor with affinities in the high nanomolar range, with the 2-chloro substituted compounds showing slightly higher affinities than the 2-unsubstituted counterparts. In terms of the potencies, the most potent compounds proved to be those bearing four- and five-membered rings. Both GTP shifts and [(35)S]-GTPgammaS experiments showed that most of the 2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives are partial agonists. The 2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives which were identified as partial agonists consistently detected fewer A(1) receptors in the high-affinity state than full agonists. However, it is worthwhile noting that there was not a simple linear relationship between receptor occupancy and activation. These results indicate that a critical density of A(1) adenosine receptors in the high-affinity state is required for G protein activation.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Human Eosinophils: Upregulation by Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor and Interleukin-5 (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a pleiotropic polypeptide that mediates endothelial-cell-specific responses such as induction of proliferation and vascular leakage. We examined the expression of VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein by human eosinophils in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). Immunoreactive VEGF protein was detected in freshly isolated eosinophils by immunocytochemistry. Eosinophils spontaneously released VEGF protein in culture medium, and this release was upregulated by GM-CSF or IL-5. Freshly isolated eosinophils constitutively expressed VEGF mRNA. Although incubation of eosinophils in culture medium reduced steady-state VEGF mRNA levels, eosinophil VEGF mRNA levels were enhanced by GM-CSF and IL-5, and this enhancement was blocked by the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. Analysis of alternatively spliced mRNA species revealed that eosinophils contained transcripts mainly encoding for the 121- and 165-amino-acid forms of VEGF. VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF release in cytokine-stimulated eosinophils were significantly reduced by treatment with a glucocorticosteroid, a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or a protein kinase C inhibitor. Cytokine-activated eosinophils may be an important source of a vascular permeability factor, namely VEGF, thus contributing to tissue edema formation at sites of allergic inflammation.
Electrical conductivity measurement of granulite under mid- to lower crustal pressure-temperature conditions (2004)

We have developed a technique to measure electrical conductivity of crustal rocks with relatively low conductivity and complicated mineral components in order to compare with results given by magneto-telluric (MT) measurements. A granulite from Hidaka metamorphic belt (HMB) in Hokkaido, Japan at high temperature and pressure conditions was obtained. The granulite sample was ground and sintered under the conditions similar to those of mid- to lower crust. We have observed smooth and reversible change of conductivity with temperature up to about 900 K at 1 GPa. The results were consistent with the electrical conductivity structures suggested by the MT data analysis. Considering pore fluid conduction mechanism or the role of accessory minerals in the rock, the mechanisms of electrical conductivity paths in dry or basic rocks should be reconsidered.
Recording high quality speech during tagged cine‐MRI studies using a fiber optic microphone (2005)

It is possible to obtain high quality speech recordings using an optical microphone even during exceptionally loud cine imaging sequences. This opens up the possibility of more elaborate MRI studies of speech including spectral analysis of the speech signal in all types of MRI.
Methods of Measuring Internalization of G Protein–Coupled Receptors (2004)

This unit provides detailed protocols for measuring receptor internalization. The techniques are sufficiently generalized to be applicable to most receptors in a wide variety of cell types. Both radioactive and non-radioactive techniques are described that may be used to quantify receptor internalization, and the differences between the two are highlighted. This unit discusses how quantification of internalization may be achieved, and the advantages and drawbacks of each technique. Low- and higher-throughput methods are compared, and the technologies required to conduct the analyses are discussed.
Plasma pinch EUV source with particle injection (2005)

Pinch discharge EUV sources tend to produce 13.5nm radiation from an elongated plasma, decreasing the possible collection efficiency for the lowest etendue collector designs. As a means to concentrate EUV emission we have investigated particle injection to locate the radiating species in a small volume at the center of the pinch. We have considered theoretically the rate of ionization and expansion of a small tin droplet in a buffer gas pinch plasma of argon or helium. The particle becomes negatively charged, with consequences for the electron and ion heat fluxes onto its surface. Photo-emission can reduce this negative potential and enhance the electron heat flux. We estimate that the 30 μm diameter tin particle that contains the minimum, or 'mass limited' number of atoms for a 5J EUV-emitting plasma, will fully ionize in less than 100nsec in a typical Star Pinch [1] plasma at the relevant electron density of 2x10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> and temperature of 30eV. We report on the generation of high velocity, on-demand, accurately positioned tin droplets suitable for the injection pinch, and on limitations to the system reliability.
Quaternary ammonium amalgams as Zintl ion salts and their use in the synthesis of novel quaternary ammonium salts (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary ammonium amalgams as Zintl ion salts and their use in the synthesis of novel quaternary ammonium saltsEdwin. Garcia, Alan H. Cowley, and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 19, 6082–6083Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00279a090Request reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (309 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed Transmit Diversity in Relay Networks (2007)

We analyze fading relay networks, where a single-antenna source-destination terminal pair communicates through a set of half-duplex single-antenna relays using a two-hop protocol with linear processing at the relay level. A family of relaying schemes is presented which achieves the entire optimal diversity-multiplexing (DM) tradeoff curve. As a byproduct of our analysis, it follows that delay diversity and phase-rolling at the relay level are optimal with respect to the entire DM-tradeoff curve, provided the delays and the modulation frequencies, respectively, are chosen appropriately.
Glycolipid‐activated NKT cells support the induction of persistent plasma cell responses and antibody titers (2008)

NKT cell activation with CD1d-binding glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GC) enhances antibody responses to co-administered T-dependent antigen. The efficacy of alpha-GC relative to other CD1d-binding glycolipids and adjuvants is not known. There is little information on how NKT cells affect antibody production beyond initial booster-stimulated recall responses. We therefore tested the hypothesis that alpha-GC stimulates induction of plasma cells and antibody responses as effectively as Th1- and Th2-skewing variants of alpha-GC and several other adjuvants. C57BL/6 and CD1d-/- mice were immunized with nitrophenol-conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (NP-KLH) plus alpha-GC or NP-KLH plus adjuvants before administration of an NP-KLH booster and assessing antibody responses and plasma cell frequency. alpha-GC boosted long-term antibody responses as efficiently as all other agents tested and induced plasma cells that were detected in bone marrow 13 weeks after immunization. We then determined whether NKT cells were required in the presence of other adjuvants. CD1d-/- mice had a reduced induction of plasma cells in response to NP-KLH/Alum as compared to C57BL/6 mice. However, NKT cells were not required for the continued presence of those cells that were induced. Although NKT cells are capable of inducing persistent plasma cell responses, they may not play a major role in supporting longevity post-induction.
Increased Concentrations of Presynaptic Proteins in the Cingulate Cortex of Subjects With Schizophrenia (1997)

These findings reveal changes in the synaptic organization of the cingulate cortex in schizophrenia relative to other areas examined. These changes are distinct from the deficits in presynaptic proteins observed in Alzheimer's disease.
Drop impact on microwetting patterned surfaces (2010)

We investigate experimentally the dynamics of a liquid drop that impacts on a solid surface whose wettability is patterned at the microscopic scale. The target surface is patterned such that hydrophilic (hydrophobic) microscale spokes radiate from the center on a hydrophobic (hydrophilic) background. Following the initial spreading stages, the drop recoils on the hydrophobic region while being arrested on the hydrophilic area, thereby resulting in a micropatterned liquid footprint. We also find that the fingering instability of the drop edge is affected by the wettability patterns in the initial spreading stages. The number of fingers depends on a combination of the impact Weber number and the number of spokes. We suggest that the present scheme of patterning liquid deposits at microscales could be exploited in various microfluidic applications.
Involvement of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and nuclear factor-kappa B binding sites in interleukin-6 promoter inhibition by estrogens. (1996)

Bone loss observed in postmenopausal women is clearly associated with a decrease in estrogen levels. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine involved in osteoclast differentiation, is secreted by osteoblasts and appears to be a key molecule in the osteoporotic process. As previous reports have shown that the human IL-6 promoter is inhibited by estradiol, we investigated the mechanism of estradiol (E2)-mediated IL-6 inhibition in human cells. Analysis of the IL-6 secretion as a function of time in osteoblastoma Saos-2 cells, using an IL-6 ELISA test, showed that a maximal E2 inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) induction could be monitored between 2 and 24 h of treatment. IL-6 inhibition was clearly estrogen agonist-specific in Saos-2 and MCF7 cells. Transient transfections of HeLa cells with a pIL-6/CAT plasmid and an estrogen receptor (human ER) expression vector, confirmed the role of the human ER in inhibition of the IL-6 promoter. Deletion and mutational analysis of the promoter highlighted the role of the -185/-60 region and showed that in both MCF7 and HeLa cells, the nuclear factor-IL 6 (NF-IL6) site cooperates with the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) motif to produce maximal induction by TNF alpha, whereas the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) site displayed different cooperative effects toward NF-kappa B depending on the cell line used. In HeLa cells, but not in MCF7 cells, we defined an essential role for the C/EBP site by showing that the E2 sensitivity was clearly dependent on its integrity. In these cell lines, the NF-kappa B site mutation abrogated both the TNF alpha-and E2- sensitivity of the construct.
Benzenesulfonylnitrile oxide: a useful intermediate for the syn-cyanohydroxylation of alkenes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzenesulfonylnitrile oxide: a useful intermediate for the syn-cyanohydroxylation of alkenesPeter A. Wade and Harry R. HinneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 5, 1319–1320Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00499a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00499a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dendritic cells as therapeutic agents against cancer (2009)

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells whose immunobiology has been proven to be central to the function of the immune system. Further understanding of these cells is leading the way to the manipulation of the immune system as a tool to cure and prevent a vast array of diseases including cancers. These cells have been used in trials as vaccine adjuvants in therapies that aim to break the body's tolerance to the tumor. From the first 1000 DC vaccinees in 2003 there has been a breadth of information on safety that is paving the way to the study of the efficiency of these therapies. This review aims to explore recent updates to the current literature on DC vaccine therapies in clinical trials and analyze their future. At this crossroads is where intricacies of the technique are being revised to explore the most efficient and effective parameters for the enhancement of DC adjuvant therapies.
[The clinical comparative study of preterm respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of newborn]. (2015)

RDS and TTN are common causes leading to early dyspnea in preterm infants. Preterm infants with RDS are characterized by younger gestational age, lower birth weight, severer acidosis and more complications. Preterm infants with TTN show lower hypoxemia and OI.
Remodulation of the tumor microenvironment by regulatory T cells (2015)

Meeting abstracts The tumor microenvironment is a complex system, which is composed of various types of non-tumor cells including stromal fibroblasts, the blood and lymphatic vascular networks, the extracellular matrix and notably, the infiltrating immune cells. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play
Placing Bets: gambling venues and the distribution of harm (2012)

The liberalisation of gambling in Australia has resulted in the dispersal of 200 000 electronic gaming machines (EGMs) across the country, generating substantial revenues for State governments and the gambling industry as well as causing significant gambling-related harm. While the spatial distribution of EGM venues has been shown to follow a gradient of community disadvantage, little is known about the distinctions between the venues themselves (i.e. pubs, clubs, and casinos), either in terms of the catchments they service or the harm they produce. To this end, we constructed a sexpartite typology of EGM venues in the Northern Territory of Australia derived from venue location and licensing variables. We also conducted a geocoded mail survey (n=7041) of households in three urban centres to describe the composition of markets and problem-gambling outcomes across the six venue categories in the typology. Venues in accessible locations and those with a higher numbers of EGMs, particularly casinos and clubs located near supermarkets, were most closely associated with gambling-related harm, even when differing player socio-demographics were accounted for. We argue that gambling risk is a function of the interaction of geographic accessibility to markets on the one hand and venue effects on the other. An understanding of the geography of EGM gambling may help improve supply-side approaches to regulation, as well as shed insights into contemporary urban processes within Australia's regional settlements.
Single crystal, epitaxial multilayers of AlAs, GaAs, and Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As for use as optical interferometric elements (1986)

We propose using single crystal multilayers of AlAs, GaAs, and AlxGa1−xAs for use as several different kinds of optical interference elements which include high reflectors, transmission filters, and Fabry–Perot cavities. We have grown many of these structures by molecular beam epitaxy and measured their optical characteristics. We find the characteristics of these structures to be very useful for a number of applications for integrated optical devices which we also propose.
A model for atmospheric CO 2 over Phanerozoic time (1991)

A new model has been constructed for calculating the level of atmospheric CO{sub 2} over Phanerozoic time which is much simpler mathematically than the BLAG model, but more complex geologically and biologically. Results suggest that there has been a notable pattern of varying atmospheric CO{sub 2} level over the past 570 my with high levels during the Mesozoic and early Paleozoic and low levels during the Permo-Carboniferous and late Cenozoic. Sensitivity analysis shows that, within reasonable limits of the principal governing parameters, this qualitative trend of varying CO{sub 2} is relatively insensitive to the actual values chosen for these parameters. Causes of the CO{sub 2} variation are multiple, and no single geological or biological process can be called upon to explain all CO{sub 2} variation for all time. The calculated trend of CO{sub 2} over time agrees well with independent estimations of paleoclimates. Thus, the greenhouse theory of paleoclimate on a long geological time scale is supported by the results of the present study.