gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boiler heat transfer model for operator diagnostic information (1981)

With increasing fuel costs, increased number of boilers that fire a wide range of fuels, and emphasis on availability, attention was given to providing the operator with more comprehensive diagnostic information. This paper deals with the use of a comprehensive computerized boiler model to provide a quantitative indication of furnace and convection surface cleanliness for the operator or directly provide priorities to the sootblower control system.
Polyvalent Anion-Exchange Resins Composed of Cross-Linked Polyethyleneimine Complexes of Heavy Metals (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyvalent Anion-Exchange Resins Composed of Cross-Linked Polyethyleneimine Complexes of Heavy MetalsSaburo Nonogaki, Shoji Makishima, and Yukio YonedaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 5, 601–603Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150563a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j150563a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hapten Versus Competitor Design Strategies for Immunoassay Development (1995)

Separate design strategies for immunizing haptens and labeled competitor reagents are critical to the development of sensitive and specific immunoassays. Immunoassay development has generally focused on hapten and competitor designs which faithfully mimic the target analyte and vary mainly in the attachment site, chain length and functional groups of the spacer arm. We have investigated the concept that while the immunizing hapten defines assay specificity, it is the labeled competitor which determines sensitivity. Thus it is not an inherent assay development requirement that the labeled competitor substantially duplicate the analyte. The development of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) immunoassay is described which uses a "core" heterology approach, in which the competitor is a structural fragment of the analyte, to maximize analyte sensitivity while retaining assay specificity.
High-dimensional Varying Index Coefficient Models via Stein's Identity (2019)

We study the parameter estimation problem for a varying index coefficient model in high dimensions. Unlike the most existing works that iteratively estimate the parameters and link functions, based on the generalized Stein's identity, we propose computationally efficient estimators for the high-dimensional parameters without estimating the link functions. We consider two different setups where we either estimate each sparse parameter vector individually or estimate the parameters simultaneously as a sparse or low-rank matrix. For all these cases, our estimators are shown to achieve optimal statistical rates of convergence (up to logarithmic terms in the low-rank setting). Moreover, throughout our analysis, we only require the covariate to satisfy certain moment conditions, which is significantly weaker than the Gaussian or elliptically symmetric assumptions that are commonly made in the existing literature. Finally, we conduct extensive numerical experiments to corroborate the theoretical results.
Role of Oxoproline in the Regulation of Neutral Amino Acid Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier (1996)

Regulation of neutral amino acid transport was studied using isolated plasma membrane vesicles derived from the bovine blood-brain barrier. Neutral amino acids cross the blood-brain barrier by facilitative transport system L1, which may allow both desirable and undesirable amino acids to enter the brain. The sodium-dependent amino acid systems A and Bo,+ are located exclusively on abluminal membranes, in a position to pump unwanted amino acids out. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, is an integral protein of the luminal membrane of the blood-brain barrier. We demonstrate that oxoproline, an intracellular product of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, stimulates the sodium-dependent systems A and Bo,+ by 70 and 20%, respectively. Study of system A showed that 2 mM oxoproline increased the affinity for its specific substrate N-methylaminoisobutyrate by 50%. This relationship between the activity of the gamma-glutamyl cycle and system A transport may provide a short term regulatory mechanism by which the entry of potentially deleterious amino acids (i.e. neurotransmitters or their precursors) may be retarded and their removal from brain accelerated.
2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee (2020)

Objective To develop an evidence‐based guideline for the comprehensive management of osteoarthritis ( OA ) as a collaboration between the American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) and the Arthritis Foundation, updating the 2012 ACR recommendations for the management of hand, hip, and knee OA . Methods We identified clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, outcomes questions and critical outcomes in OA . A Literature Review Team performed a systematic literature review to summarize evidence supporting the benefits and harms of available educational, behavioral, psychosocial, physical, mind‐body, and pharmacologic therapies for OA . Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was used to rate the quality of the evidence. A Voting Panel, including rheumatologists, an internist, physical and occupational therapists, and patients, achieved consensus on the recommendations. Results Based on the available evidence, either strong or conditional recommendations were made for or against the approaches evaluated. Strong recommendations were made for exercise, weight loss in patients with knee and/or hip OA who are overweight or obese, self‐efficacy and self‐management programs, tai chi, cane use, hand orthoses for first carpometacarpal ( CMC ) joint OA , tibiofemoral bracing for tibiofemoral knee OA , topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAID s) for knee OA , oral NSAID s, and intraarticular glucocorticoid injections for knee OA . Conditional recommendations were made for balance exercises, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, kinesiotaping for first CMC OA , orthoses for hand joints other than the first CMC joint, patellofemoral bracing for patellofemoral knee OA , acupuncture, thermal modalities, radiofrequency ablation for knee OA , topical NSAID s, intraarticular steroid injections and chondroitin sulfate for hand OA , topical capsaicin for knee OA , acetaminophen, duloxetine, and tramadol. Conclusion This guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients making treatment decisions for the management of OA . Clinicians and patients should engage in shared decision‐making that accounts for patients’ values, preferences, and comorbidities. These recommendations should not be used to limit or deny access to therapies.
Spatio-temporal attention model for video content analysis (2005)

This paper presents a new model of human attention that allows salient areas to be extracted from video frames. As automatic understanding of video semantic content is still far from being achieved, attention model tends to mimic the focus of the human visual system. Most existing approaches extract the saliency of images in order to be used in multiple applications but they are not compared to human perception. The model described here is achieved by the fusion of a static model inspired by the human system and a model of moving object detection. The static model is divided into two steps: a "retinal" filtering followed by a "cortical" decomposition. The moving object detection is carried out by a compensation of camera motion. Then we compare the attention model output for different videos with human judgment. A psychophysical experiment is proposed to compare the model with visual human perception and to validate it. The experimental results indicate that the model achieves about 88% of precision. This shows the usefulness of the scheme and its potential in future applications.
Backpressure-based Packet-by-Packet Adaptive Routing in Communication Networks (2010)

Backpressure-based adaptive routing algorithms where each packet is routed along a possibly different path have been extensively studied in the literature. However, such algorithms typically result in poor delay performance and involve high implementation complexity. In this paper, we develop a new adaptive routing algorithm built upon the widely-studied back-pressure algorithm. We decouple the routing and scheduling components of the algorithm by designing a probabilistic routing table which is used to route packets to per-destination queues. The scheduling decisions in the case of wireless networks are made using counters called shadow queues. The results are also extended to the case of networks which employ simple forms of network coding. In that case, our algorithm provides a low-complexity solution to optimally exploit the routing-coding tradeoff.
Reactivity of tyrosine in bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease with p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride. (1982)

A protein modifying agent, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride, has been shown to be specific for tyrosine.The reaction conditions are mild (in aqueous buffers at 25 "C), and the rate increases with pH.The reaction product is a derivative of 0-sulfonylated tyrosine which yields 0-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl) tyrosine (NBS-Tyr) after acid hydrolysis.The extent of modification can be measured as NBS-Tyr by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The reagent was used to study the reactivity and the importance in enzymic function of tyrosine in bovine pancreatic DNase in either the Ca2+ form or the Ca2+free form.Ca2+-DNase is inactivated faster than Ca2+free DNase; at 50% inactivation, the number of residues of NBS-Tyr was approximately 1 in Ca2+-DNase and 2.5 in Ca2+-free DNase.Chromatographic analysis of tryptic-chymotryptic hydrolysates on Sephadex G-25 and by HPLC also showed differences in patterns for the two forms modified by the reagent.Peptides containing NBS-Tyr were identified by comparing absorbances at 254 nm and 280 nm and isolated by using Sephadex G-25 and HPLC.Their locations in the primary structure were assigned based on amino acid composition.Because each modified peptide appeared as a distinct peak on analysis by HPLC, the extent of modification at each tyrosine site was readily determined.Results are summarized as follows.(a) In Ca2+-free DNase, Tyr-62 reacts about 20 times faster than N-acetyltyrosine (N-Ac-Tyr), but its modification does not affect enzymic activity; the same residue in Ca2+-DNase reacts at the same rate as AT-Ac-Tyr.(b) In Ca2+-free DNase the residue crucial to enzymic activity is Tyr-145 which reacts slightly faster than N-Ac-Tyr.(c) In Ca2+-DNase, while "145 reacts at a lower rate than the free amino acid, Tyr-172 reacts 4.6 times faster than N-Ac-Tyr, and the sum of Tyr-145 and Tyr-172 accounts for loss of activity, indicating that Tyr-172 is also crucial in DNase.(d) T w o other residues (Tyr-51 and Tyr-73) are only slightly modified in Ca2+-DNase but are significantly modified in Caz+-free DNase, These two modifications in Ca2+free DNase do not seem to account for loss of activity; however, reaction at one site appears to influence that at the other, suggesting proximity of the two in the three-dimensional structure.Bovine pancreatic DNase requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity (1).In studying the effect of other divalent metal ions, Wilberg
Quantifying the Coverage Density of Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains on the Surface of Gold Nanostructures (2011)

The coverage density of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a key parameter in determining the efficiency of PEGylation, a process pivotal to in vivo delivery and targeting of nanomaterials. Here we report four complementary methods for quantifying the coverage density of PEG chains on various types of Au nanostructures by using a model system based on HS-PEG-NH(2) with different molecular weights. Specifically, the methods involve reactions with fluorescamine and ninhydrin, as well as labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and Cu(2+) ions. The first two methods use conventional amine assays to measure the number of unreacted HS-PEG-NH(2) molecules left behind in the solution after incubation with the Au nanostructures. The other two methods involve coupling between the terminal -NH(2) groups of adsorbed -S-PEG-NH(2) chains and FITC or a ligand for Cu(2+) ion, and thus pertain to the "active" -NH(2) groups on the surface of a Au nanostructure. We found that the coverage density decreased as the length of PEG chains increased. A stronger binding affinity of the initial capping ligand to the Au surface tended to reduce the PEGylation efficiency by slowing down the ligand exchange process. For the Au nanostructures and capping ligands we have tested, the PEGylation efficiency decreased in the order of citrate-capped nanoparticles > PVP-capped nanocages ≈ CTAC-capped nanoparticles ≫ CTAB-capped nanorods, where PVP, CTAC, and CTAB stand for poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, respectively.
Nanoparticle concentration profile in polymer-based solar cells (2009)

Polymer-based solar cell performance is dictated by nanoscale structures since the active layer suffers from extremely short exciton diffusion lengths. To understand the structures' effect on cell performance we use neutron reflectivity to investigate the thin film morphology containing a 1 : 1 by weight blend of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanoparticles and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Neutron reflectivity is uniquely suited to this system due to the large scattering length density contrast between the two components, other techniques do not have this contrast. Here we find a higher PCBM concentration at the substrate and near, but not at, the air interface. Annealing the active layer shows a qualitatively similar profile with slightly different interfacial concentrations. Regardless, it is clear the resulting morphology is not optimal for device performance as we show for working solar cells.
NMR studies of calcium-induced alginate gelation. Part I?MRI tests of gelation models (2000)

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor the one-dimensional space–time evolution of the gelation of a sodium alginate solution by the ingress of calcium ions. The data were compared with theoretical reaction–diffusion models of the gelation process. Good agreement was found for short-time behaviour but deviations appear at longer times, most probably owing to the onset of syneresis. Fitting the short-time behaviour showed that the mean number of calcium ions per alginate monomer in the gel is constant but that the gelation rate constant apparently decreases with diffusion time. The possible reasons for this are considered. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SHAPE MEMORY BEHAVIOR OF AMORPHOUS POLYURETHANES (2001)

Abstract Amorphous polyurethane (PU)–based shape memory polymers (SMPs) were synthesized with different extents of allophanate reactions, hard segment contents, and types of polyol. They were characterized in terms of hydrogen bonding, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermomechanical properties of solution-cast films. Polyols with molecular mass of 500 g/mole resulted in two-phase mixed morphology of the PU. However, the extent of phase mixing depended on the cross-linking density and hard segment content, as well as the type of polyol, and was directly related to the hydrogen bonding determined from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by grant 98-2-10-04-01-2 from the University-Industry Collaborative Research Program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation.
Overview of SAE/LTE security (2013)

This paper provides an overview of the security in the System Architecture Evolution (SAE) / Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system. Security is an integral part of SAE/LTE with improvements over the Third Generation (3G) system. This paper reviews the SAE/LTE system architecture, and discusses the security requirements, algorithms, Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA), Security Mode Command (SMC), key hierarchy and security for mobility.
Desert Saltgrass Seed Germination and Seedbed Ecology (1983)

Desert saltgrass [Distichlis spicata var. stricta (Torr.) Beetle] is an important forage species of the saline-alkali basins of the western United States. Revegetation of disturbed sites using saltgrass currently involves the use of rhizomes, but seeding saltgrass with conventional equipment would be much more efficient. The seed and seedbed ecology of desert saltgrass is important to land managers who wish to try new revegetation techniques. The germination of nine collections of saltgrass seed was determined at a wide range of constant and alternating temperatures. The effects of decreasing osmotic potentials on seed germination of one collection was determined using polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride solutions. Seedbed temperatures and moisture potentials were determined during the growing season in two saltgrass stands using thermocouple temperature probes and psychrometers. The temperature regime that produced the highest mean germination (58%) for all nine collections was 10 degrees C for 16 hours alternating with 40 degrees C for 8 hours (10/40 degrees C). Germination response varied significantly (P=0.01) between collections. The best germination was 96% with one collection at the 10/50 degrees C regime, but most collections germinated best with 10/40 degrees C regime. For all collections, at least a 20 degrees C diurnal fluctuation in temperature was needed for germination above 10%. Seeds did not germinate at temperatures as cold as -5 degrees C or as hot as 60 degrees C. Saltgrass germination was enhanced at osmotic potentials of -1 bar, but inhibited by potentials lower than -1 bar. No significant (P=0.01) germination occurred at -15 bars. Field seedbed temperatures reached optimum levels for germination after moisture potentials were below that required for germination. This suggests that saltgrass seed germination is an episodic event in nature, occurring only when moisture events coincide with optimum seedbed temperatures and can leach sufficient salts to raise moisture potentials above -15 bars.
Spinel Electrodes from the Li‐Mn‐O System for Rechargeable Lithium Battery Applications (1992)

The electrochemical and structural properties of spinel phases in the Li‐Mn‐O system are discussed as insertion electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. The performance of button‐type cells containing electrodes from the system, e.g., the stoichiometric spinel and the defect spinel , is highlighted and compared with a cell containing a standard spinel electrode.
Use of Iron Filings in a High-Viscosity Medium for Mapping Approximate Magnetic Field Shapes (1957)

First Page
Evidence for a system of general protein glycosylation in <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (1999)

A genetic locus from Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (O:23, 36) has been characterized that appears to be involved in glycosylation of multiple proteins, including flagellin. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core of Escherichia coli DH5alpha containing some of these genes is modified such that it becomes immunoreactive with O:23 and O:36 antisera and loses reactivity with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Site-specific mutation of one of these genes in the E. coli host causes loss of O:23 and O:36 antibody reactivity and restores reactivity with WGA. However, site-specific mutation of each of the seven genes in 81-176 failed to show any detectable changes in LPS. Multiple proteins from various cellular fractions of each mutant showed altered reactivity by Western blot analyses using O:23 and O:36 antisera. The changes in protein antigenicity could be restored in one of the mutants by the presence of the corresponding wild-type allele in trans on a shuttle vector. Flagellin, which is known to be a glycoprotein, was one of the proteins that showed altered reactivity with O:23 and O:36 antiserum in the mutants. Chemical deglycosylation of protein fractions from the 81-176 wild type suggests that the other proteins with altered antigenicity in the mutants are also glycosylated.
Large Screen 3-D: Aesthetic and Technical Considerations (1984)

This article relates some of the author's experiences in making a stereoscopic film for the National Film Board of Canada, and describes some of the advantages of the IMAX method of 3-D transmission. Different aspects of 3-D filming are discussed, relating to the way in which the eye perceives the image. The author describes the experimental IMAX theater jointly set up by IMAX and the NFB to try to solve some of the problems related to 3-D, and gives a brief description of the OMNIMAX 3-D dome theater and its applications to future computer-generated 3-D effects.
Caspase activation in the Alzheimer's disease brain: Tortuous and torturous (2002)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Although much is known about the molecular events leading to the formation of plaques and tangles as well as their relevance in neuronal cell loss associated with Alzheimer's disease, the link between these two pathologies is presently unknown. The exact mechanism of neuronal cell death in the Alzheimer's disease brain has been a debated issue with both the necrosis and apoptosis pathways having been implicated. The activation of apoptosis in the Alzheimer's disease brain has recently gained momentum, namely because of the development of specific markers for caspase activation. These markers consist of antibodies, termed caspase-cleavage site-directed antibodies that are designed to detect either the active enzymatic fragments of caspases following their activation or protein products targeted for caspase cleavage. The use of these markers has demonstrated the widespread activation of caspases in the Alzheimer's disease brain. In addition, many of these markers have been co-localized with markers for neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting that caspases may play a role in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and, thus, do not simply represent end-stage events associated with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, recent studies documenting the role of caspases in the Alzheimer's disease brain will be discussed, along with the methodology behind the synthesis of site-directed caspase-cleavage antibodies. A model will be presented whereby caspases serve not simply as end-game players, but may actually serve as a link between senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this context, a discussion of the therapeutic value of targeting caspase inhibition in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease will be evaluated. (c) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
Orotidinuria Induced by Allopurinol (1970)

The administration of allopurinol to patients suffering from hyperuricemia and to normal subjects results in increased excretion of the pyrimidine nucleoside orotidine. Evidence is presented for the interference by allopurinol of the de novo biosynthesis of uridine 5'-phosphate in man.