gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High power S-band solid-state amplifiers for surveillance and traffic control radars (2002)

This paper describes development of a 1.8 kW solid-state amplifier operating over 2.7 to 2.9 GHz, for surveillance and traffic control radars. A 1.8 kW peak power with a pulse width of 100 /spl mu/s and 10% duty cycle is achieved by combining four 550 W solid-state power amplifiers. Modular configuration of the 1.8 kW amplifier can realize improvement of maintainability, productivity, and low cost. This paper also describes development of a 180 W output power with 40 dB gain. Linear amplifier using GaAs MMICs to realize the temperature compensation, short pulse (1 /spl mu/s) generation, high gain, and precise gain control for the 1.8 KW amplifier. The 180 W GaAs MMIC amplifier has capability of driving up to twelve 1.8 kW amplifiers, and drastically simplifies solid-state transmitter confguration.
Immigration Into New Zealand: Report of a Study Group (1951)

Immigration Into New Zealand: Report of a Study Group Get access Immigration Into New Zealand: Report of a Study Group. Wellington, New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, 1950. 22 pp. 814′​′×514′​′ 2s. G. F. Plant G. F. Plant Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 27, Issue 2, April 1951, Page 237, https://doi.org/10.2307/2606202 Published: 01 April 1951
GTS Allocation Scheme of IEEE 802.15.4 for Energy-Efficiency (2009)

The reliability of data transmission and the energy consumption of wireless nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important issues as interest in this type of network increases. IEEE 802.15.4 is a suitable protocol for WSNs because it was designed for low-power operation via wireless communications. The guaranteed time slot (GTS) of IEEE 802.15.4 can usually be used for cyclic data transmission. However, an unused GTS allocation wastes energy. This paper suggests an energy-efficient IEEE 802.15.4 data-transmission scheduling scheme for use on WSNs. The unused GTS allocation can be eliminated, and unnecessary energy consumption can be reduced through the appropriate allocation of GTS to the data generation period of each node. An illustrative scenario showed that this technique reduced the consumption of energy while maintaining the reliability of data transmission.
A New Route to 6a‐Carbacyclins–Synthesis of a Stable, Biologically Potent Prostacyclin Analogue (1981)

6a-Carbacyclin (1) (X = CH2, R = CH(CH3)CH2CCCH3), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of blood-platelet aggregation, exhibits the same activity-profile and comparable efficacy as prostacyclin, but, in contrast to prostycyclin, is much more stable. It was prepared from the commercially available Corey lactone (2) (R1 = H) via the bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivative (3).
Fully integrated multilevel interconnect process for low cost sub-half-micron ASIC applications (2002)

Back-end-of-the line (BEOL) interconnect process integration for sub-half-micron ASIC applications with both low-cost merit and appropriately high performance is presented. Borderless and stacked contact/via structures to reduce chip size and minimization of ILD thickness without performance degradation are achieved. Blind-CMP, selective tungsten CVD, and fluorine-TEOS ILD with low dielectric constant are selected with process simplification in mind.
Convolutional Neural Network on Embedded Linux(trademark) System-on-Chip: A Methodology and Performance Benchmark (2016)

Abstract : Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) detect and classify features of interest in sensory input data. There is a need to investigate how best to implement CNNs for Navy and Department of Defense (DoD) use in platforms with minimal size, weight, and power (SWaP) capacity, since much academic research focuses solely on achieving the highest performance on a specific dataset with minimal concern of compute resources. This report describes a methodology, configuration, and experimental results of a first step in this study a baseline for comparison of benchmarking metrics. A baseline is important for quantifying any further results and to estimate potential benefits of new and more advanced ideas.
Swelling–deswelling kinetics of ionic poly(acrylamide) hydrogels and cryogels (2005)

Abstract A series of ionic poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) gels was prepared by free‐radical crosslinking copolymerization of acrylamide and N,N′ ‐methylenebisacrylamide in aqueous solutions. The gels were prepared both below and above the bulk freezing temperature of the polymerization solvent water, which are called as the cryogels and the hydrogels, respectively. The deswelling behavior of swollen gels in acetone as well as the reswelling behavior of the collapsed gels in water were investigated. It was shown that the cryogels respond against the external stimuli much faster than the hydrogels. The interior morphology of the cryogel networks exhibits a discontinuity and a two‐phase structure, compared to the continuous morphology of the hydrogel networks. Introduction of the ionic units in the network chains further increased the response rate of the cryogels. In contrast to these advantages of cryogels, they exhibit lower swelling capacities than the conventional hydrogels. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 319–325, 2006
Receiver Front-End Design (2009)

In Chapter 5 we saw that the front-end plays a major role in determining the noise performance of a receiver. In this chapter, we will explore four principal types of front-end designs that are used in optical receivers. We will review the use of bipolar and field-effect transistors in front-end amplifiers and we will examine representative examples of receiver front-ends using p-i-n photodiodes and APDs. 6.1 Front-End Architectures An optical receiver's front-end design can usually be grouped into one of four basic configurations: 1) resistor termination with a low-impedance voltage amplifier, 3) high-impedance amplifier, 4) transimpedance amplifier, and 5) noise-matched or resonant amplifier. Any of the configurations can be built using contemporary electronic devices such as operational amplifiers, bipolar junction transistors, field-effect transistors, or high electron mobility transistors. The receiver performance that is achieved will depend on the devices and design techniques used. The names typically used to describe these four configurations can be somewhat misleading. Fundamentally, the front-end of an optical receiver responds to an optical signal by generating a photocurrent with a photodetector. The photocurrent is then converted to a voltage. Electronic signal processing stages process the recovered voltage to extract the desired information. The dimensions of the transfer function associated with the front-end will consequently be volts per amp or ohms. Thus the transfer functions of virtually all optical receivers are actually transimpedance in nature. 6.1.1 Low Impedance Voltage Amplifier A simple optical receiver front-end is illustrated in Fig. 6.1. It consists of a photodetector, a load resistor, and a low input-impedance voltage amplifier.
The Synthesis of Unusual Organic Molecules from Azoalkanes. New analytical methods (33) (1980)

Abstract The thermal or photochemical denitrogenation of azoalkanes constitutes an effective and convenient method for the preparation of unusual organic molecules, including highly ringstrained, sterically crowded, fluxional, antiaromatic and other interesting structures. The importance of this synthetic approach is that the azo linkage serves as a means of introducing the critical (usually last) bond in the complex target molecule. This article presents a cross‐section of such elegant synthetic utilization of azoalkanes for fused‐, bridged‐ and spiro‐cyclization. Our coverage of the large body of literature has been directed by the complexity and novelty of the products. Azoalkanes are usually prepared via cycloaddition of azo dienophiles to appropriate substrates.
Fluorescent conjugated polymer dots for single molecule imaging and sensing applications (2008)

While single molecule imaging and sensing hold the promise of providing unprecedented detail about cellular processes, many advanced applications are limited by the lack of appropriate fluorescence probes. In many cases, currently available fluorescent labels are not sufficiently bright and photostable to overcome the background associated with various autofluorescence and scattering processes. This dissertation describes research efforts focused on the development of a novel class of fluorescent nanoparticles called conjugated polymers dots (CPdots) for single molecule fluorescence detection. The CPdots contain highly fluorescent π-conjugated polymers that have been refined over the last decades as the active material in polymer light-emitting devices. Quantitative comparisons of the optical properties of the CPdots indicate their fluorescence brightness is a factor of 102-104 higher than conventional fluorescent dyes, and a factor of 10-103 higher than colloidal quantum dots. Single particle fluorescence imaging and kinetic studies indicate much higher emission rates of the CPdots as compared to quantum dots, with little or no 'blinking' behavior that is often encountered for fluorescent dyes and quantum dots. In addition, efficient intra-particle energy transfer has been demonstrated in blended CPdots and dye-doped CPdots, which provides a new strategy for improving the fluorescence brightness and photostability of the CPdots, and for designing novel sensitive biosensors based on energy transfer to sensor dyes. These combined features of the CPdots and the demonstration of cellular uptake indicate that CPdots are promising probes for demanding fluorescence-based applications such as single molecule detection and tracking in live cells.
Methylenebutyryl Phenoxyacetic Acid (1963)

PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS which increase salt and water excretion by the kidney represent one of the most significant therapeutic advances in the past decade. Investigation of the nature of the action of these drugs has helped to clarify the mechanisms involved in renal transport of electrolyte and water and has provided information about the homeostatic processes controlling salt and water balance, upset of which results in edema formation. Four major categories of diuretics which act on renal tubular transport systems are recognized: (1) the organic mercurials, (2) the chloruretic sulfonamides (thiazide derivatives), (3) sulfonamides which inhibit carbonic anhydrase, and (4) aldosterone antagonists, —17 spironolactones. Recently, a chemically different group of agents has been developed, alpha, beta unsaturated ketone derivations of aryloxyacetic acids.<sup>1</sup>These compounds were found to be highly effective diuretic agents when administered to the dog, but were inactive in the rat. Compounds of the group with a significant
Zur Kenntnis des 1‐[β‐Chlor‐äthyl]‐2‐chlormethyl‐piperidins (1959)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von 1‐[β‐Chlor‐äthyl]‐2‐chlormethyl‐piperidin mit primären aliphatischen und aromatischen Aminen konnte eine Reihe von N ‐substituierten Derivaten des 2‐Aza‐chinolizidins dargestellt werden.
[Effect of penicillin on the synaptic activity of isolated spinal cord motor neurons in the lamprey]. (1992)

Penicillin (PCN) has been studied for its effect on the membrane potential (MP) and synaptic activity of lamprey spinal cord motoneurons using intracellular recording in the in vitro spinal cord-notochord preparation. In one group of motoneurons with relative low MP (58.7 +/- 5.2 mV, n = 28) PCN induced depolarization, enhancement and prolongation (up to 80-220%) of the initial amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by the stimulation of dorsal roots spinal tracts. If the MPs (in the other group of motoneurons) were high (70.0 +/- 5.7 mV, n = 20) depolarization was not observed and the potentiation of EPSPs did not exceed 25-70% of the initial value. These effects of PCN can be eliminated by a preliminary addition of excitatory or inhibitory amino acid antagonists in the superfusion solution. The obtained results allow suggesting the presence of two different acceptor sites for PCN in membranes of lamprey spinal cord motoneurons.
Performance Of A Hybrid Chemical/iviechanical Heat Pump (2005)

The authors present the design and preliminary results of the performance of a hybrid chemical/mechanical, low-lift (20 C) heat pump. Studies have indicated that this heat pump has several advantages over the traditional single fluid vapor compression (reverse Rankine) heat pump. Included in these benefits are: 1) increased COPc due to the approximation of the cycle to the Lorenz cycle and due to the availability of the heat of solution, along with the heat of vaporization, to provide cooling; and 2) ease of variation in system cooling capacity by changing the fluid composition. The system performance is predicted for a variety of refrigerant-absorbent pairs. Cooling capacity is determined for systems operating with ammonia as the refrigerant and lithium nitrate and sodium thiocyanate as the absorbents and also with water as the refrigerant and magnesium chloride, potassium hydroxide, lithium bromide, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid as the absorbents. Early indications have shown that the systems operating with water as the refrigerant operate at 2-4 times the capacity of the ammonia-refrigerant-based systems. Using existing working fluids in the proposed innovative design, a coefficient-of-performance improvement of 21 percent is possible when compared to the best vapor compression systems analyzed.
URBAN DAYLIGHT SIMULATION CALCULATING THE DAYLIT AREA OF URBAN DESIGNS (2012)

This paper describes the development of a new tool that allows designers to simulate and evaluate the daylight potential of urban master plan proposals. The tool is a plug-in for the Rhinoceros3D CAD modeler and follows a two-step workflow. During the initial step, hourly solar radiation levels on all facades within an urban scene are simulated based on Radiance/Daysim. During the second step, exterior radiation levels are converted into hourly interior illuminance distributions using a generalized impulse response. Climate based daylighting metrics, such as daylight autonomy, are also computed. The results yielded by the new method are carefully compared to regular and substantially more time-consuming Daysim simulations. This comparison shows that the overall daylit area in the investigated master plan matches Daysim predictions within 10%. Given its implementation into the Rhinoceros3D environment, as well as the almost instant simulation feedback, the tool may serve as a generative method for designers.
Steering Force Feedback for Human–Machine-Interface Automotive Experiments (2010)

Driving-simulator fidelity is usually defined by the quality of its visual and motion cueing system. However, the quality of its haptic cues is also very important and is determined by both hardware and control properties. Most experiments with haptic steering systems employ commercially available systems and do not address the system's fidelity. The goal of this paper is to offer guidelines for the development of hardware, performance evaluation, and system control in order to engineer realistic haptic cues on the steering wheel. A relatively low-cost solution for hardware is deployed, consisting of a velocity-controlled three-phase brushless servomotor, of which its high-bandwidth control allows for a realistic representation of forces. A method is presented to overcome electromagnetic interference produced by the industrial servomotor and the controller through careful amplification and filtering. To test the system, different inertia-spring-damper systems were simulated and evaluated in time and frequency domain. In conclusion, the designed system allowed reproduction of a large range of steering-wheel dynamics and forces. As a result, the developed system constitutes an efficient haptic device for human-machine-interface automotive experiments.
Nonfermentative Bacilli Associated with Man: II. Detection and Identification (1970)

More than 600 strains of nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli were examined to establish reliable procedures for their detection and identification in a clinical laboratory. Growth on the surface but neither growth nor acid in the butt of Kligler iron agar medium was found to be a completely reliable means for detecting these bacilli. However, some strains of Moraxella fail to grow on this medium, hence cannot thus be detected. Six reagents for the oxidase test were examined. Most gave dependable results and did not require careful timing. Aberrant results were obtained with occasional strains of some species. However, all other features of such strains permitted their correct identification. More than 98% of the strains were identified. Identification was effected with a battery of 12 screening tests followed, with a minority of strains, by completion tests. All strains were assigned to one of six groups on the basis of the screening tests; 60% of the strains were also identified by these tests. Completion tests were usually required for identification of weakly saccharolytic and nonsaccharolytic strains. Alkalinization of buffered amides and organic salts was a major part of the completion tests on nonsaccharolytic strains. Such strains are usually not correctly identified by the tests commonly used in clinical bacteriology.
<title>Imaging spectrometers using concentric optics</title> (1997)

Imaging spectrometers are increasingly use to measure the spectral radiance of Earth surface from aircraft and satellites. The design of optics for imaging spectrometers, covering the spectral range from visible through short-wave IR, can be simplified using the Dyson and Offner concentric relay design forms. Problems in integration of dispersing elements into these concentric relays are addressed. It is shown that use of dispersing prisms with curved faces can provide good performance in designs that are simple and compact.
A Generalized MATLAB-based Distributed-computing Optimization Tool (2005)

A distributed computing optimization architecture was developed by SwRI for use with numerical solvers. This optimization toolbox is very generalized and can be easily adapted to use with any numerical solver having a well-described input and output file system. In combination with the use of MATLAB, this makes it a very flexible and powerful analysis and development tool. The tool employs an optimization routine, input file modification routines to generate numerous solver input files, and output extraction routines to extract the pertinent solver output data. Specifically, advanced development has been done using the numerical electromagnetic code (NEC) ante wire/plate with dielectrics (WIPL-D), genetic algorithm optimization toolbox (GAOT) and CONDOR/sup /spl reg// to demonstrate proof-of-concept.
Solder joint reliability model vath modified Darveaux's equations for the micro smd wafer level-chip scale package family (2004)

Historically, energy-based solder fatigue lie models have been used primarily for PBGA or similar package configurations. In this paper, we extend the energy-based method to newly emerged Wafer Level, Chip Scale Package (WL-CSP). National Semiconductor’s micro SMD package family was chosen as the test vehicle. Among all energybased methods, Darveaux’s model is arguably the most popular one due to its well-documented good correlation with the actual tests. To maintain consistency in results, Darveaux suggested that the solder joint be meshed such that the element size in its height direction has fixed value. However, we found in our study that Darveaux’s model faired poorly in capturing the package fatigue life, even though the mesh size issue was carefully addressed. In view of the drastic difference in solder ball size between WL-CSP and PBGA, on which Darveaux’s model is based, we argue that in addition to the element size in the solder height direction, the f~te element calculation of inelastic dissipation may also depend on other meshing parameters, which may vary depending on the specific geometry of the solder bump. Consequently, we proposed a revised empirical equation to calculate the package fatigue life for micro SMD. The new equation is derived from correlating the simulation results with the test data. We also demonstrated that the new equation was capable of achieving a similar accuracy level as compared with Darveaux’s model for PBGA packages. The study also provided for the first time a good parametric model scalable to larger micro Sh4D VO count. In addition, the impact of different modeling schemes was also evaluated in terms of their accuracy and eficiency.
An Improving Vector Median Filter for Color Image (2001)

This paper puts forward a new designed scheme of vector median filter on the basis of deeply studying kinds of vector median filter which is in accordance with the characteristic of different CIE. It is proved that this filter has better properties in restraining color distortion and preserving chromaticity information of color image in comparison with other vector median filters.
Ultra-thin perfect absorber employing a tunable phase change material (2012)

We show that perfect absorption can be achieved in a system comprising a single lossy dielectric layer of thickness much smaller than the incident wavelength on an opaque substrate by utilizing the nontrivial phase shifts at interfaces between lossy media. This design is implemented with an ultra-thin (∼λ/65) vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer on sapphire, temperature tuned in the vicinity of the VO2 insulator-to-metal phase transition, leading to 99.75% absorption at λ = 11.6 μm. The structural simplicity and large tuning range (from ∼80% to 0.25% in reflectivity) are promising for thermal emitters, modulators, and bolometers.
A reinforcement learning approach to obstacle avoidance of mobile robots (2003)

One of the basic issues in the navigation of autonomous mobile robots is the obstacle avoidance task that is commonly achieved using a reactive control paradigm where a local mapping from perceived states to actions is acquired. A control strategy with learning capabilities in an unknown environment can be obtained using reinforcement learning where the learning agent is given only sparse reward information. This credit assignment problem includes both temporal and structural aspects. While the temporal credit assignment problem is solved using core elements of the reinforcement learning agent, solution of the structural credit assignment problem requires an appropriate internal state space representation of the environment. In this paper, a discrete coding of the input space using a neural network structure is presented as opposed to the commonly used continuous internal representation. This enables a faster and more efficient convergence of the reinforcement learning process.