gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coal desulfurization through reverse micelle biocatalysis process (1988)

A novel bioprocess using micelle biocatalysis has been attempted to minimize several disadvantages of conventional microbial coal desulfurization scale-up processes. The reverse micelle biocatalysis process consists of a water-immiscible organic medium, a surfactant, an aqueous phase and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria or enzymes. This process has been successful for removing sulfur from bituminous coal (Illinois coal 5). The preliminary results showed that coal desulfurization through the use of cell-free enzyme extracts of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 19859 was better than that of bacteria itself. The use of enzymes has shown potential for commercial coal desulfurization process as well. This same process is being applied to the thermophillic bacteria Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC 33909. The implications of these experimental results are discussed, including a hypothetical mechanism using reverse micelle biocatalytical process for coal desulfurization.
Reducing Risk and Cost in Diverse Well Construction Applications: Eccentric Device Drills Concentric Hole and Offers a Viable Alternative to Underreamers (2005)

Abstract Increasingly, operators seek to underream. Whether driven by cementing tolerances, ECD improvements, pore pressure fracture gradients, production increases, swelling shales/salts or setting sand screens, underreaming is sought after at all stages of field development. To date, the industry has a common perception that concentricity can only be delivered through concentric cutting mechanisms. This paper proves otherwise. The performance, risks and suitability of an eccentric underreaming device are compared with concentric underreamers. Usage in over 100 well sections is tabulated and reviewed to verify the device drills concentric hole in differing formations and applications. Pilot bit and underreamer cutter characteristics are matched for directional control, durability and hole quality. Specific attention is paid to N Sea & GOM run history covering usage with push and point-the-bit rotary steerables. In exploratory, deepwater or complex well paths, the device is placed above a 3-D rotary steerable and full logging suite. Here the problem of leaving pilot gauge rathole is also addressed. In enhanced RPM, motor directional applications it is placed as nearbit. Computational fluid dynamics, nozzle and PDC cutter layouts are also discussed with regard to optimizing cuttings evacuation, hole cleaning, BHA stability and ROP. In conclusion, 20 different well construction activities are presented and used as a benchmark for the evaluation of the risks and suitability of the device as compared with concentric underreamers.
Emerging viral infections after hematopoietic cell transplantation (2005)

This overview summarizes recent data on emerging viruses after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), including adenovirus, BK virus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and human herpesvirus (HHV) 6. The increased recognition of these infections is due to improved molecular detection methods, increased surveillance and more profound immunosuppression in the host. Adenovirus can cause serious disease especially in T-cell depleted transplant recipients. Adenovirus viremia is an important risk factor for disease in this setting. BK virus has been associated with hemorrhagic cystitis in HCT recipients. BK viremia is significantly associated with hemorrhagic cystitis. hMPV shows a seasonal distribution and can cause fatal pneumonia in HCT recipients. hMPV may be the etiology of some cases previously categorized as idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. HHV-6 commonly leads to viremia in HCT recipients. HHV-6 has been strongly associated with encephalitis and delayed platelet engraftment. Prospective studies are needed to further examine epidemiology, disease associations, and management strategies for these viruses.
High-accuracy positioning system using visible LED lights and image sensor (2008)

We propose a new positioning system using visible LED lights and image sensor. GPS is widely used, but its measurement error gets dozens meters worse at indoor or urban canyon where radio wave is hard to reach. On the other hand, visible light can reach users easily since visible light devices are established at indoor and urban canyon. Our proposed system can determine the receiver’s position where each LED in a lighting sends differential three dimensional space coordinate and image sensor can receive the signal. We show the availability of our proposed method by numerical analysis.
Neurobehavioral outcome 1 year after severe head injury (1990)

The outcome 1 year after they had sustained a severe head injury was investigated in patients who were admitted to the neurosurgery service at one of four centers participating in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB). Of 300 eligible survivors, the quality of recovery 1 year after injury was assessed by at least the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in 263 patients (87%), whereas complete neuropsychological assessment was performed in 127 (42%) of the eligible survivors. The capacity of the patients to undergo neuropsychological testing 1 year after injury was a criterion of recovery as reflected by a significant relationship to neurological indices of acute injury and the GOS score at the time of hospital discharge. The neurobehavioral data at 1 year after injury were generally comparable across the four samples of patients and characterized by impairment of memory and slowed information processing. In contrast, language and visuospatial ability recovered to within the normal range. The lowest postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and pupillary reactivity were predictive of the 1-year GOS score and neuropsychological performance. The lowest GCS score was especially predictive of neuropsychological performance 1 year postinjury in patients who had at least one nonreactive pupil following resuscitation. Notwithstanding limitations related to the scope of the TCDB and attrition in follow-up material, the results indicate a characteristic pattern of neurobehavioral recovery from severe head injury and encourage the use of neurobehavioral outcome measurements in clinical trials to evaluate interventions for head-injured patients.
Mitogenic Signaling by ATP/P2Y Purinergic Receptors in Astrocytes: Involvement of a Calcium-Independent Protein Kinase C, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase Pathway Distinct from the Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C/Calcium Pathway (1999)

Activation of ATP/P2Y purinergic receptors stimulates proliferation of astrocytes, but the mitogenic signaling pathway linked to these G-protein-coupled receptors is unknown. We have investigated the role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in P2Y receptor-stimulated mitogenic signaling as well as the pathway that couples P2Y receptors to ERK. Downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical astrocytes greatly reduced the ability of extracellular ATP to stimulate ERK. Because occupancy of P2Y receptors also leads to inositol phosphate formation, calcium mobilization, and PKC activation, we explored the possibility that signaling from P2Y receptors to ERK is mediated by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC)/calcium pathway. However, neither inhibition of PI-PLC nor chelation of calcium significantly reduced ATP-stimulated ERK activity. Moreover, a preferential inhibitor of calcium-dependent PKC isoforms, Gö 6976, was significantly less effective in blocking ATP-stimulated ERK activity than GF102903X, an inhibitor of both calcium-dependent and -independent PKC isoforms. Furthermore, ATP stimulated a rapid translocation of PKCdelta, a calcium-independent PKC isoform, but not PKCgamma, a calcium-dependent PKC isoform. ATP also stimulated a rapid increase in choline, and inhibition of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis blocked ATP-evoked ERK activation. These results indicate that P2Y receptors in astrocytes are coupled independently to PI-PLC/calcium and ERK pathways and suggest that signaling from P2Y receptors to ERK involves a calcium-independent PKC isoform and hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D. In addition, we found that inhibition of ERK activation blocked extracellular ATP-stimulated DNA synthesis, thereby indicating that the ERK pathway mediates mitogenic signaling by P2Y receptors.
Algorithms for circuit layout compaction of building blocks (1985)

Compaction is the CAD tool used to pack rough sketches or symbolic diagrams to produce error free IC layouts. With the ever increasing complexity of VLSI circuitry, the building block approach becomes very important for custom VLSI design. A graph-theoretic compaction algorithm is developed for the compaction of symbolically specified layouts of building block LSI's. The layout area is reduced by minimizing the pitch in each dimension separately. The algorithm is capable of handling mixed constraints; i.e., the constraints arising from design rule requirements (lower-bound type), and the User defined constraints (equality and upper-bound type).
Chemokine Receptor Polymorphisms and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression (1999)

The role of polymorphisms in genes encoding chemokines and their receptors (CCR2B, SDF-1, and the promoter region of CCR5) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression was studied in 132 white HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected participants from a United Kingdom cohort study. Genotyping was done by use of amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the impact of polymorphisms on time to a CD4 cell count <200x106/L and to CDC stage IV disease. The results confirm a significant association of the CCR2B-64I mutant genotype with slower progression to a CD4 count <200 (hazards ratio [HR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.91) but not with the SDF-1alpha 3' UTR homozygous mutation. The effects of the CCR5 and CCR2 mutations were genetically independent and similar in the magnitude of their protective effect on progression to a CD4 count <200 cells. A novel finding was an association of borderline significance between homozygosity for C at nucleotide position 59353 in the CCR5 promoter region and a slower rate of CD4 cell decline to <200x106/L (HR, 0. 58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.996).
Proximate and Amino Acid Composition of the Roe and Muscle of Selected Marine Species (1985)

ABSTRACT Crude protein, total lipid, water, cholesterol, and amino acid com‐position of the roe of eighteen Pacific marine species were determined and compared with those of muscle from the same marine species. Crude protein and total lipid were higher in roe than in muscle, while water was lower. Cholesterol in roe was generally tenfold higher than that of muscle but only around one‐fourth that of hen egg yolk. Glutamic acid, leucine, and aspartic acid were generally found to be the major components of roe. Leucine and proline content were significantly greater in roe than in muscle. On the whole, roe was well balanced with the essential amino acid and had a good E/NE ratio and may be considered a food source of high‐quality protein.
Determination of oxygen concentration profiles in silicon crystals observed by scanning IR absorption using semiconductor laser (1980)

Concentration profiles of interstitial oxygen in silicon crystals were determined by scanning IR absorption using PbTe-Pb0.82Sn0.18Te semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 9.04±0.02 μm. IR beam was collimated to be 200 μm in diameter. Czochralski-grown crystals showed a local concentration fluctuation of about 1.8×1017 cm−3 from the average of 1.1×1018 cm−3. This fluctuation corresponds to an oxygen striation in the silicon crystal.
EFFECTS OF THE HYBRID ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS IN DIABETIC RATS (1977)

Whittemore, A. D.; Chick, W. L.; Galletti, P. M.; Like, A. A.; Colton, C. K.; Lysaght, M. J.; Richardson, P. D. Author Information
<title>Removal of surface contaminants using a chemical-free laser-assisted process</title> (1994)

Contamination control is a critical issue to the manufacture and maintenance of optical components. Particulates and thin films (organic and inorganic) can degrade optical performance. Current cleaning methods are focusing on aqueous-based cleaning and super- critical fluids. Concurrently, environmentally-conscious manufacturing processes are becoming essential for industrial applications. These manufacturing processes emphasize the reduction of water and chemical consumption and hazardous waste production. In this paper, we will introduce a chemical-free laser assisted process that has demonstrated its capability of removing particulates and films from various surfaces including optical. Since this process works with energy flux and a flowing inert gas, it's readily adaptable and cost effective for many industrial applications.
Study of ion induced modification in Makrofol-KG polycarbonate by positron annihilation lifetime measurements (2006)

Latent ion tracks produced in the polymers due to the damage produced by the passage of swift heavy ions contain amorphous material with highest degree of disorder, changing the free volume properties, which have strong correlation with the macroscopic properties of the material. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) is a non-destructive and non-interfering probe, having high detection efficiency for free volume hole properties and provides direct information about the dimension, content and hole size distribution of free volume in polymers. The effect of irradiation of Si 8+ 100
Lavender and the Nervous System (2013)

Lavender is traditionally alleged to have a variety of therapeutic and curative properties, ranging from inducing relaxation to treating parasitic infections, burns, insect bites, and spasm. There is growing evidence suggesting that lavender oil may be an effective medicament in treatment of several neurological disorders. Several animal and human investigations suggest anxiolytic, mood stabilizer, sedative, analgesic, and anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties for lavender. These studies raised the possibility of revival of lavender therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders. In this paper, a survey on current experimental and clinical state of knowledge about the effect of lavender on the nervous system is given.
Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Fibrovascular Ingrowth into Porous Polyethylene Anophthalmic Socket Implants (2005)

To investigate the effect of basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) on fibrovascular ingrowth into porous polyethylene orbital implants (Medpor) and to investigate any differences according to the method of administration. For the treated groups, after evisceration and Medpor implantation, bFGF was administered by soaking Medpor in the bFGF solution, and/or by injecting bFGF into the Medpor 1 week after the operation. Implants were removed 4 weeks after the operation and examined for the degrees of fibrovascular ingrowth by light microscopy. The percentages of the cross-sectional area of the implant occupied by fibrovascular ingrowth and the numbers of proliferated vessels were significantly higher in the bFGF-treated groups (Mann Whitney test, p<0.05). Administration routes had no effect on the degree of fibrovascular ingrowth (Kruskal-Wallis test, p>0.05). bFGF promoted fibrovascular ingrowth into porous polyethylene orbital implants regardless of the route of administration. Therefore, bFGF might be helpful to prevent complications such as implant exposure.
Prediction Services for Distributed Computing (2007)

Users of distributed systems such as the TeraGrid and Open Science Grid can execute their applications on many different systems. We wish to help such users, or the grid schedulers they use, select where to run applications by providing predictions of when tasks will complete if sent to different systems. We make predictions of file transfer times, batch scheduler queue wait times, and application execution times using historical information and instance-based learning techniques. Our prediction errors for data from the TACC lonestar system are 37 percent of mean file transfer time, 115 percent for mean queue wait time, and 72 percent of mean execution time. Our approach achieves significantly lower prediction error on other workloads. We have wrapped these prediction techniques with Web services, making predictions available to users of distributed systems as well as tools such as resource brokers and metaschedulers.
The use of interferon alpha‐C in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma arising in a congenital solitary kidney (1990)

Three cases of renal cell carcinoma in a congenital solitary kidney are presented. Treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-C was administered in two cases. A subjective response occurred in one case. The literature is reviewed with respect to treatment options and prognostic factors.
Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic factor for human hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

Defects in apoptosis signaling in hepatocytes contribute to tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs is often ineffective in HCC patients due to the apoptosis resistance of cancer cells. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, including myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), which regulate intrinsic apoptosis induction at the mito-chondrial level, are often overexpressed in human cancer, and are implicated with disease grade and prognosis. Yet, little is known about the role of Mcl-1 in HCC. In this study, we analyzed the relevance of Mcl-1 expression for the apop-tosis resistance of human HCC. Mcl-1 protein expression was considerably enhanced in human HCC tissue compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue. In addition, Mcl-1 was prominently expressed in various HCC cell lines. Mcl-1 basal expression is dependent on a functional phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway; treatment of the cells with a specific PI3 kinase inhibitor led to both decreased Mcl-1 expression and a sensitization towards chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor induced Mcl-1 expression in an Akt- and ERK-dependent manner. Finally, specific upregulation of Mcl-1 in HCC cells inhibited chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that Mcl-1 is an important factor for the apoptosis resistance of human HCC, and constitutes an interesting target for HCC therapy.
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with an intermediate intensity conditioning regimen in multiple sclerosis: the Italian multi-centre experience (2011)

This study shows that AHSCT with a BEAM/ATG conditioning regimen has a sustained effect in suppressing disease progression in aggressive MS cases unresponsive to conventional therapies. It can also cause a sustained clinical improvement, especially if treated subjects are still in the relapsing-remitting phase of the disease.
Long-Term <i>in Vivo</i> Investigation of Mouse Cerebral Microcirculation by Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy in the Area of Focal Ischemia (2005)

This study was designed to assess that mouse pial and cortical microcirculation can be monitored in the long term directly in the area of focal ischemia, using in vivo fluorescence microscopy. A closed cranial window was placed over the left parieto-occipital cortex of C57BL/6J mice. Local microcirculation was recorded in real time through the window using laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy after intravenous injection of fluorescent erythrocytes and dextran. The basal velocity of erythrocytes through intraparenchymal capillaries was 0.53+/-0.30 mm/sec (n=121 capillaries in 10 mice). Two branches of the middle cerebral artery were topically cauterized through the window. Blood flow evaluated by laser-Doppler flowmetry in two distinct areas indicated the occurrence of an ischemic core (15.2%+/-5.9% of baseline for at least 2 h) and a penumbral zone. Magnetic resonance imaging and histology were used to characterize the ischemic area at 24 h after occlusion. The infarct volume was 7.3+/-3.2 mm(3) (n=6). Microcirculation was repeatedly videorecorded using fluorescence confocal microscopy over the next month. After the decrease following arterial occlusion, capillary erythrocyte velocity was significantly higher than baseline 1 week later, and attained 0.74+/-0.51 mm/sec (n=76 capillaries in six mice, P<0.005) after 1 month, while venous and capillary network remodeling was assessed, with a marked decrease in tortuosity. Immunohistochemistry revealed a zone of necrotic tissue into the infarct epicenter, with activated astrocytes at its border. Such long-term investigations in ischemic cortex brings new insight into the microcirculatory changes induced by focal ischemia and show the feasibility of long-term fluorescence studies in the mouse cortex.
C<scp>AMOIN</scp>, G. F. & D<scp>AVIES</scp>, P. J. (eds) 1998. <i>Reefs and Carbonate Platforms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans</i>. Special Publication no. 25 of the International Association of Sedimentologists. viii + 328 pp. Oxford: Blackwell Science. Price £45.00 (paperback). ISBN 0 632 04778 X. (1999)

CAMOIN, G. F. & DAVIES, P. J. (eds) 1998. Reefs and Carbonate Platforms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Special Publication no. 25 of the International Association of Sedimentologists. viii + 328 pp. Oxford: Blackwell Science. Price £45.00 (paperback). ISBN 0 632 04778 X. - Volume 136 Issue 1
Transformation Based Fast Decoupled Loadflow (2005)

This paper presents a Transformation based Fast Decoupled Loadflow method along with a simple modification of real power mismatches at PV-nodes. Rotation angles are limited to the maximum value of -36/spl deg/. Also suggested is the slack-start procedure for efficiency. The method is tested and compared with the recent General-purpose version of the Fast Decouplod Loadflow (GFDL) method under wide range of simulated circumstances of system operating conditions and network parameters. The proposed method is in general better convergent and it can be more than twice as fast as the GFDL method for systems of large R/X ratio branches.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐2‐methylnicotinic Acid Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparing two playing fields policy and politics in Australia and New Zealand (2005)

Despite the geographical closeness and historical similarities between New Zealand and Australia, the politics and policies in these countries have rarely been corn pared.
Testing the design: the evolution of test simulation (2002)

In work done in cooperation with Texas Instruments, Analogy, and Teradyne it has been demonstrated that a simulation of a complete test system when combined with design models of an integrated circuit can reduce the cycle time required to get a new product to market. This paper will describe the development of such a system, its inclusion in the design flow for new IC development, and the resulting improvements in new product introduction from the viewpoint of design and test.