gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central adipose distribution is related to coronary atherosclerosis. (1991)

A "male" distribution of adipose tissue in women (excess of fat in the abdomen compared with that in the hips; i.e., elevated waist/hip ratio) has been related to symptomatic cardiovascular disease. An elevated waist/hip ratio has also been related to symptomatic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in men, as well as to risk factors for these diseases and various metabolic conditions. To determine whether adipose distribution was related to coronary atherosclerosis, we performed a case-control study in patients with angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis (cases) and in angiographically normal hospital and neighborhood controls. The data show that distribution of adiposity as assessed by waist/hip ratio is significantly related to coronary atherosclerosis in both females and males. Waist/hip ratio is significantly greater in female cases compared with either control group; in males, waist/hip ratio is significantly greater in cases compared with asymptomatic neighborhood controls but not compared with patients with normal coronary arteries. These results persist after control for age, plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, body mass index, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and smoking status. The connection between the male adipose distribution in females and coronary atherosclerosis partly explains the greater likelihood of symptomatic cardiovascular disease in them. Males with excess deposition of fat in the abdominal region are also likely to experience increased risk.
A Pilot Study to Determine the Safety and Feasibility of Oropharyngeal Administration of Own Mother's Colostrum to Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants (2010)

Oropharyngeal administration of own mother's colostrum is easy, inexpensive, and well-tolerated by even the smallest and sickest ELBW infants. Future research should continue to examine the optimal procedure for measuring the direct immune effects of this therapy, as well as the clinical outcomes such as infections, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia.
An Evaluation of Phonetic Spell Checkers (2001)

In the work reported here, we describe a phonetic spell-checking algorithm, Phonetex which integrates aspects of Soundex and its extension Phonix. It is designed to provide a phonetic component for an existing typographic spell checker. We increase the number of letter codes compared to Soundex and Phonix. We also integrate phonetic rules but use far less than Phonix which was designed for South African name matching or Rogers and Willett&apos;s Phonix extension which was designed for 17th century spellings as these includes many rules that are redundant in a contemporary word-based domain. We evaluate our algorithm by comparing it to phonetic spell checkers, Soundex and Editex and four benchmark spell checkers (Agrep, MS Word 97 &amp; 2000 and UNIX `ispell&apos;) using a list of phonetic spelling errors. We nd that our approach has superior recall (accuracy) to the alternative approaches although the higher recall is at the expense of precision (number of possible matches retrieved). We intend to integrate it into an existing spell checker so the precision will be improved by integration thus high recall is the aim for our approach in this paper. Keywords: Data Cleaning, Phonetic Spell Checker, Phonetic Code Generation. 1
Genetic aberrations defined by comparative genomic hybridization distinguish long-term from typical survivors of glioblastoma. (2002)

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a highly lethal neoplasm, refractory to current therapies. The molecular genetic aberrations most closely related to clinical aggressiveness in GBM have been difficult to identify, perhaps due in part to the short survival range observed in cohorts of GBM patients. To address this, we characterized 39 tumors from rare patients (2-5% of all GBM cases) who experienced long-term survival (>3 years) using comparative genomic hybridization as a genome-wide screen. We then compared the frequency and type of aberrations with those in tumors from 24 typical or short-term survivors [STSs (<1.5 years)]. Losses of 9p and 10 and simple gains of chromosome 7 showed at least trends toward increased frequency in the STS group. Additional aberrations, including loss of 6q and gains of 19q and 20q, were significantly more frequent in the STS group. The presence of 19q loss was exclusive to the long-term survivor (LTS) group. Multivariate analyses indicated that 6q loss, 10q loss, and 19q gain were associated with short-term survival (all P < 0.01). The combination of any two of these three aberrations was seen in 16 of 24 STSs but only 1 of 39 LTSs. This comparison of rare LTSs with STSs (typical GBM survivors) identified 6q loss, 10q loss, and 19q gain, particularly when two or more of these were present, as most closely associated with aggressive clinical behavior in GBM. Loss of 19q may be a marker of long-term survival.
Learning for the Future (2009)

Over the last five years there has been a large scale shift in popular engagement with new media. Virtual worlds and massive multiplayer online games attract increasing numbers, whilst social networking sites have become commonplace. The changing nature of online engagement privileges interaction over information. Web 2.0 applications promote new kinds of interactivity, giving prominence and prestige to new literacies (Lankshear and Knobel, 2006). To date, discussion of the opportunities, and indeed the risks presented by Web 2.0 has been largely confined to social and recreational worlds. The purpose of this chapter is to open up discussion about the relevance of Web 2.0 to educational practice. A central concern in what follows will be to show how the new ways of communicating and collaborating that constitute digital literacy might combine with new insights into learning in ways that transform how we conceive of education (Gee, 2004).
한국판 어린이 및 청소년 성격유형검사(CATi) 표준화 (2017)

본 연구는 새로운 한국판 어린이 및 청소년 성격유형 검사도구(CATi)를 표준화하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 2013년부터 2016년까지 예비 표집, 본 표집, 추가 표집을 통해 총 5,284명의 전국단위 초등학생 4학년부터 중학생 3학년을 표집하였고, 이를 분석하였다. 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 문항반응이론 등을 통해 신뢰도와 타당도를 확보하였고, 초등학생과 중학생이 함께 사용할 수 있는 검사도구를 만들었다. 문항 수가 줄었음에도 불구하고 기존 한국판 MMTIC 보다 신뢰도가 좋았으며, 미국 개정판 MMTIC의 통계기법 결과보다 더 좋은 검사결과를 보였다. 발달과정 중에 있는 어린이와 청소년의 성격유형 정보를 얻기 위해 종단연구의 필요성을 제시하고 있으며, 다양한 영역에서 새로운 검사도구의 활용을 제언하였다.
Datapath-oriented FPGA mapping and placement for configurable computing (2002)

Widespread acceptance of FPGA-based reconfigurable coprocessors will be expedited if compilation time for FPGA configurations can be reduced to be comparable to software compilation. This research achieves this goal, generating complete datapath layouts in fractions of a second rather than hours. Our algorithm, adapted from instruction selection in compilers, packs multiple operations into single rows of CLBs when possible, while preserving a regular bit-slice layout. Furthermore, placement and thus routing delays are considered simultaneously with packing, so that the total delay, not just the CLB delay, is optimized.
Structure and Properties of the Condensed Phosphates. V. Molecular Weights of the Polyphosphates from Viscosity Data (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Properties of the Condensed Phosphates. V. Molecular Weights of the Polyphosphates from Viscosity DataJohn R. Van WazerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 2, 906–908Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01158a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01158a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mucosal Biopsy of the Gastrointestinal Tract (1980)

Book reviews some resultant difficulty in categorisation.There are a number of useful tables and summaries and a good deal of sound sense and distilled experience of real value.Should sufficient clinicians at some stage of their training feel that it meets their needs, this book will make a worthwhile addition to the publications available.
Current therapeutic developments in atrophic age-related macular degeneration (2015)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative disorder of the central retina, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly. The underlying mechanism of the advanced form of dry AMD, also named geographic atrophy (GA) or atrophic AMD, remains unclear. Consequently, no cure is available for dry AMD or GA. The only prevention option currently available is the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formulation, which has been demonstrated to slow down the progression of dry AMD. This review summarises recent advances in therapy for dry AMD and GA. Building on the new understanding of the disease and recent technological breakthroughs, numerous ongoing clinical trials have the goal of meeting the need to cure AMD. Therapeutic agents are being developed to target the key features of the disease, including inhibiting the complement pathway and other inflammatory pathways, reducing oxidative stress and protecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, inhibiting lipofuscin and visual cycle, regenerating RPE cells from stem cells and restoring choroidal blood flow. Some of these therapeutic options, especially the stem cell-based therapy, hold great promise, which brings great hope for this devastating blinding disease.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES (1986)

Abstract Considerable attention has been given to the general area of adhesion and adhesives [1–3], but a need now exists to review more specific topics in these areas. The nature of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA's) and the factors contributing to their performance are reviewed here. A description for measuring performance of pressure-sensitive adhesives is followed by a treatment of physical and chemical factors that influence adhesive behavior. These include surface energetics, rheological behavior, molecular weight, and functional-group contributions.
Overexpression of cyclin D1 is rare in human prostate carcinoma (1999)

These data show that overexpression of cyclin D1 occurs rarely in human prostate tumors. However, when overexpression of cyclin D1 does occur, it may identify a subset of tumors with a different molecular biology.
ChemInform Abstract: Serotonin Receptors (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Algorithm for classifying multiple targets using acoustic signatures</title> (2004)

In this paper we discuss an algorithm for classification and identification of multiple targets using acoustic signatures. We use a Multi-Variate Gaussian (MVG) classifier for classifying individual targets based on the relative amplitudes of the extracted harmonic set of frequencies. The classifier is trained on high signal-to-noise ratio data for individual targets. In order to classify and further identify each target in a multi-target environment (e.g., a convoy), we first perform bearing tracking and data association. Once the bearings of the targets present are established, we next beamform in the direction of each individual target to spatially isolate it from the other targets (or interferers). Then, we further process and extract a harmonic feature set from each beamformed output. Finally, we apply the MVG classifier on each harmonic feature set for vehicle classification and identification. We present classification/identification results for convoys of three to five ground vehicles.
Scavenging Flow Measurements in a Motored Two-Stroke Engine by Fiber LDV (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The flow velocity in a scavenging port of a small two-stroke engine was measured directly by a specially developed fiber LDV. The measurement was carried out under motored conditions at engine speeds of 1500 to 5000 rpm, and with throttle-opening ratios of 100, 50, and 20 %. The performance of the FLDV was improved for measuring the scavenging velocity in the backscatter mode. The flow in the scavenging port changed significantly from -11 m/s to 47 m/s with the engine cycle, and the pressure difference between the crankcase and the exhaust pipe provided the typical features of the flow but not the absolute values. The results show that the scavenging flow entered the cylinder just before scavenging port opening (SO) and reached a maximum at the crank angle of 145°, which was constant for all conditions. A second velocity peak was formed by the back pressure from the exhaust pipe. The charging rate of the fresh air into the cylinder was obtained to evaluate the engine performance.</div>
In vitro activity of fosfomycin, alone and in combination, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1985)

We tested 148 strains of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus against fosfomycin alone and in combination with methicillin, cefamandole, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin. Fosfomycin inhibited 90% of the 148 methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains at a concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Synergism was observed in 97 strains (66%) with fosfomycin-cefamandole and in 69 strains (46%) with fosfomycin-methicillin. The combinations of fosfomycin with vancomycin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim were indifferent in most strains.
A Multistage Discriminative Model for Tumor and Lymph Node Detection in Thoracic Images (2012)

Analysis of primary lung tumors and disease in regional lymph nodes is important for lung cancer staging, and an automated system that can detect both types of abnormalities will be helpful for clinical routine. In this paper, we present a new method to automatically detect both tumors and abnormal lymph nodes simultaneously from positron emission tomography-computed tomography thoracic images. We perform the detection in a multistage approach, by first detecting all potential abnormalities, then differentiate between tumors and lymph nodes, and finally refine the detected tumors for false positive reduction. Each stage is designed with a discriminative model based on support vector machines and conditional random fields, exploiting intensity, spatial and contextual features. The method is designed to handle a wide and complex variety of abnormal patterns found in clinical datasets, consisting of different spatial contexts of tumors and abnormal lymph nodes. We evaluated the proposed method thoroughly on clinical datasets, and encouraging results were obtained.
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of TbCo Films (1984)

An experimental study has been made on the magnetic anisotropy of amorphous TbCo films prepared by rf co-sputtering. TbCo films prepared at a substrate bias voltage of –100 V exhibit a large uniaxial anisotropy of 2×10 6 erg/cm 3 with its easy axis perpendicular to the film plane, whereas films prepared without the substrate bias exhibit the anisotropy with its easy axis in the film plane. The planar stress due to the substrate constraint considerably influences the perpendicular anisotropy through the large magnetostriction of about 2×10 -4 . When films with perpendicular anisotropy are removed from the substrate, the anisotropy energy decreases to 65–80 percent of its initial value. Annealing for one hour at 300°C destroys the perpendicular anisotropy almost completely.
Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> laser irradiation on tooth enamel coated with biofilm (2014)

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives CO 2 laser irradiation of tooth enamel can inhibit demineralization of tooth enamel, by changing enamel composition and resistance to acid attack. The aim of this work was to examine these effects of CO 2 laser irradiation on enamel covered by biofilm. Materials and Methods Streptococcus mutans was grown on bovine enamel surfaces for 48 hours to form a mature biofilm. Samples were irradiated by CO 2 laser (wavelength of 10.6 µm) at a power of 0.08 W in a super‐pulse mode for 1 second and 24 pulses/second, with an energy density of 0.77 J/cm 2 per pulse. Untreated controls and laser treated samples with and without biofilm were examined for the morphology of the biofilm and the enamel surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural biofilm viability was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy with live/dead staining. The biofilm was removed in a sonication water bath and the non‐treated and irradiated enamel samples were chemically analyzed using energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results Irradiated samples showed a melt zone with micro‐cracks in the center of the irradiating beam position, which was smaller when irradiated enamel was covered by biofilm. Confocal microscopy images demonstrated higher proportion of dead bacteria at the margins of the irradiated spot area, while at the spot center the bacteria were evaporated exposing the enamel surface to direct laser irradiation. EDS analysis showed an increase in Ca/P ratio after irradiation of enamel covered with biofilm. FTIR analysis showed an approximately 40% carbonate loss in the irradiated enamel samples, including those with biofilms. Conclusion Biofilms protect enamel surfaces from possible morphological irradiation damage without interfering with the resultant chemical changes that may increase the enamel resistance to acid attack. Therefore, under certain exposure regimens that are thermally and mechanically safe for enamel, CO 2 laser irradiation of biofilms on dental hard tissues is suggested as a potential novel preventive treatment for controlling dental caries. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:216–223, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacologic antagonism of thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> receptors by trimetoquinol analogs in vitro and in vivo (1991)

Although (-)-(S)-trimetoquinol [1-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)- 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline; TMQ] is recognized as a potent bronchodilator, (+)-(R)-TMQ is a selective antagonist of human platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion induced by thromboxane A2 (TXA2) agonists. To confirm the pharmacological actions of TMQ analogs, the interaction of the drugs with TXA2 receptors was examined in human platelets and in a mouse sudden death model. The inhibitory potencies of TMQ analogs (pIC50 values) for displacement of [3H]SQ 29,548 binding to platelets showed excellent correlation with the respective pIC50 (-log IC50) values for U46619-induced aggregation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01) and serotonin secretion (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01) in human platelet-rich plasma and for whole blood aggregation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01). In each system, the rank order of inhibitory potencies was rac-iodoTMQ greater than or equal to (+)-(R)-TMQ greater than rac-TMQ much greater than (-)-(S)-TMQ. Antithrombotic effects of TMQ analogs were evaluated in a mouse sudden death model. In vivo antithrombotic potencies of these compounds were consistent with the in vitro potencies as TXA2 receptor antagonists in platelet systems. Administration of rac-iodoTMQ, (+)-(R)-TMQ and rac-TMQ 15 min before the injection of U46619 (800 micrograms/kg, iv) protected mice against U46619-induced sudden death. On the other hand, (-)-(S)-TMQ did not protect animals against death. Protection of U46619-induced cardiopulmonary thrombosis by TMQ analogs was seen at doses of 3-100 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
East Asian "China Doll" or "Dragon Lady"? (2018)

This paper argues that the representation of East Asian women in popular media is harmful through its exaggerated portrayal of the âChina Dollâ, and âDragon Ladyâ, ultimately further exoticizing and dehumanizing East Asian women, ensuring the dominance of the West. I will study these portrayals and their impacts through historical and modern film, modern magazines, and intersectional oppression that the restrictive categorizations place upon women of East Asian descent.
Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Protection by Resveratrol (2004)

The phytoantitoxin resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol with phytoestrogenic properties. Resveratrol protects the cardiovascular system by mechanisms that include defense against ischemic-reperfusion injury, promotion of vasorelaxation, protection and maintenance of intact endothelium, anti-atherosclerotic properties, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, suppression of platelet aggregation, and estrogen-like actions. The purpose of this article is to review the mechanisms of these effects.
A model for diffraction-limited high-power multimode fiber amplifiers using seeded stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation (2001)

Diffraction-limited polarized stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) Stokes output from a multimode fiber is possible when the Stokes beam is the phase conjugate of diffraction-limited polarized pump light from a narrow-band master oscillator. Net amplification can be obtained by interposing a gain medium, such as a fiber amplifier between the master oscillator and the region of SBS generation. This paper proposes and studies numerically a model which describes the space-time dynamics of SBS generation, including phase conjugation, attenuation, phonon decay, thermal noise, inhomogeneous broadening, and amplifier gain. Noise reduction and phase locking are obtained by seeding the low-power end of the fiber at the Stokes frequency. Simulations are described for the case of 1.064 /spl mu/m light amplification in a dual-clad Yb-doped multimode fiber amplifier.
The extent and costs of groundwater contamination by agriculture (1987)

MORE than 97 percent of all rural, domestic drinking water in the United States comes from underground sources, along with 55 percent of all livestock water and 40 percent of all irrigation water ( 17 ). According to U.S. Census data, more than 30 million people obtain their drinking water from private wells.

Heavy reliance on groundwater is not limited to rural America. In 1980 ground-water served 40 percent of the population using public water supplies—nearly 74 million people ( 17 ). Moreover, groundwater withdrawals increased 158 percent from 1950 to 1980 compared to a 107 percent increase in surface water withdrawals ( 17 ).

Little is known about the extent of most groundwater contamination from human activities (4). The question, however, is critical. There are documented and suspected risks to human health from exposure to contaminated groundwater (12). Because of the slow movement of groundwater in many areas, as well as the slow degradation of many chemicals, contamination can persist for years, even centuries. Cleanup costs can be prohibitive. Moreover, the interaction between surface water and groundwater can mean that in some areas aquifer contamination may ultimately lead to pollution of streams, lakes, and estuaries.

Although groundwater contamination has many sources, evidence …