gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐Permeable Tubular Membrane Reactor: Promoting Conversion and Product Selectivity for Non‐Oxidative Activation of Methane over an Fe©SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst (2016)

Non-oxidative methane conversion over Fe©SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was studied for the first time in a hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub> ) permeable tubular membrane reactor. The membrane reactor is composed of a mixed ionic-electronic SrCe<sub>0.7</sub> Zr<sub>0.2</sub> Eu<sub>0.1</sub> O<sub>3-δ</sub> thin film (≈20 μm) supported on the outer surface of a one-end capped porous SrCe<sub>0.8</sub> Zr<sub>0.2</sub> O<sub>3-δ</sub> tube. Significant improvement in CH<sub>4</sub> conversion was achieved upon H<sub>2</sub> removal from the membrane reactor compared to that in a fixed-bed reactor. The Fe©SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst in the H<sub>2</sub> permeable membrane reactor demonstrated a stable ≈30 % C<sub>2+</sub> single-pass yield, with up to 30 % CH<sub>4</sub> conversion and 99 % selectivity to C<sub>2</sub> (ethylene and acetylene) and aromatic (benzene and naphthalene) products, at the tested conditions. The selectivity towards C<sub>2</sub> or aromatics was manipulated purposely by adding H<sub>2</sub> into or removing H<sub>2</sub> from the membrane reactor feed and permeate gas streams.
Roles of Histidine 784 and Tyrosine 639 in Ribose Discrimination by T7 RNA Polymerase (2000)

On the basis of their recently described T7 RNA polymerase-T7 promoter crystal structure, Cheetham et al. [(1999) Nature 399, 80] propose that discrimination of the hydrogen bonding character of the elongating NTP ribose 2'-substituent involves a hydrogen bond to histidine 784. This would contradict a previous conclusion, based on the characterization of mutant RNAPs, that discrimination of the hydrogen bonding character of the ribose 2'-substituent depends solely on the hydroxyl group of tyrosine 639. To resolve this point, we prepared and characterized histidine 784 point mutants. We find that while these mutations reduce the activity of the polymerase, they do not significantly reduce the level of ribose discrimination. Furthermore, a mutant with alanine at position 784 preferentially utilizes NTPs with 2'-substituents capable of acting as hydrogen bond donors or acceptors (2'-OH and 2'-NH(2)) over NTPs with substituents that lack such properties (2'-F and 2'-H). In contrast, mutation of tyrosine 639 to phenylalanine eliminates discrimination of ribose 2'-group hydrogen bonding character. The effects on ribose discrimination of mutating tyrosine 639 to phenylalanine are independent of the side chain at position 784. These results indicate that histidine 784 is not involved in discrimination of the ribose 2'-group of the elongating NTP. The ability of T7RNAP tyrosine 639, which is conserved in both RNA and DNA polymerases, to select for rNTPs appears to be due to the fact that in RNAPs this tyrosine is available to hydrogen bond to the ribose 2'-OH, while in DNAPs it is hydrogen bonded to a glutamic acid.
Greifen Allgemeinanästhetika an spezifischen Rezeptoren an? (1995)

First of all, the meanings of the terms anaesthesia, anaesthetic and receptor are defined. Examples of anaesthetic actions in model systems are then described and compared with clinical actions of anaesthetics. When anaesthetics achieve a certain membrane concentration, they begin to influence membrane protein function in a nonspecific manner. If the anaesthetic drug possesses polar functional groups in addition to lipophilic ones, it may selectively affect membrane proteins and interact with them specifically. The absolute lipophilicity of a drug does not necessarily determine whether or not a drug is a suitable anaesthetic. Rather, it is important that the drug does not show undesirable side effects when it achieves a critical membrane concentration at which lipophilic interactions occur. There are examples of specific interactions of general anaesthetics with receptors as well as examples of nonspecific effects on membranes. Whether these interactions are important for anaesthesia remains to be seen.
Deglycosylation of glycoproteins with trifluoromethanesulphonic acid: elucidation of molecular structure and function (2003)

The alteration of proteins by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, sulphation, processing by proteolysis, lipid attachment and glycosylation, gives rise to a broad range of molecules that can have an identical underlying protein core. An understanding of glycosylation of proteins is important in clarifying the nature of the numerous variants observed and in determining the biological roles of these modifications. Deglycosylation with TFMS (trifluoromethanesulphonic acid) [Edge, Faltynek, Hof, Reichert, and Weber, (1981) Anal. Biochem. 118, 131-137] has been used extensively to remove carbohydrate from glycoproteins, while leaving the protein backbone intact. Glycosylated proteins from animals, plants, fungi and bacteria have been deglycosylated with TFMS, and the most extensively studied types of carbohydrate chains in mammals, the N-linked, O-linked and glycosaminoglycan chains, are all removed by this procedure. The method is based on the finding that linkages between sugars are sensitive to cleavage by TFMS, whereas the peptide bond is stable and is not broken, even with prolonged deglycosylation. The relative susceptibility of individual sugars in glycosidic linkage varies with the substituents at C-2 and the occurrence of amido and acetyl groups, but even the most stable sugars are removed under conditions that are sufficiently mild to prevent scission of peptide bonds. The post-translational modifications of proteins have been shown to be required for diverse biological functions, and selective procedures to remove these modifications play an important role in the elucidation of protein structure and function.
Solid Phase Epitaxial Growth. (1977)

Low-temperature epitaxial growth of Si by the solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) process has been studied to determine the effects of contaminants upon the growth process. The major sources of process-induced contaminants in SPE have been reviewed, and methods for eliminating or minimizing these have been developed. We show that under clean conditions an evaporated (amorphous) Si film will crystallize epitaxially on a Si(100) substrate when heated to 525 C, but that the growth is very sensitive to inhibition by atmospheric contaminants. Similarly, SPE growth in the system Si/Pd2Si/Si(A) has been found to proceed very differently under clean conditions as compared to the standard processing used in previous work. This difference is tentatively attributed to affects of contaminants on the Pd2Si interlayer, not on the Si(a) film as was previously believed. (Author)
Dehydration decreases saliva antimicrobial proteins important for mucosal immunity (2012)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of exercise-induced dehydration and subsequent overnight fluid restriction on saliva antimicrobial proteins important for host defence (secretory IgA (SIgA), α-amylase, and lysozyme). On two randomized occasions, 13 participants exercised in the heat, either without fluid intake to evoke progressive body mass losses (BML) of 1%, 2%, and 3% with subsequent overnight fluid restriction until 0800 h in the following morning (DEH) or with fluids to offset losses (CON). Participants in the DEH trial rehydrated from 0800 h until 1100 h on day 2. BML, plasma osmolality (Posm), and urine specific gravity (USG) were assessed as hydration indices. Unstimulated saliva samples were assessed for flow rate (SFR), SIgA, α-amylase, and lysozyme concentrations. Posm and USG increased during dehydration and remained elevated after overnight fluid restriction (BML = 3.5% ± 0.3%, Posm = 297 ± 6 mosmol·kg⁻¹, and USG = 1.026 ± 0.002; P < 0.001). Dehydration decreased SFR (67% at 3% BML, 70% at 0800 h; P < 0.01) and increased SIgA concentration, with no effect on SIgA secretion rate. SFR and SIgA responses remained unchanged in the CON trial. Dehydration did not affect α-amylase or lysozyme concentration but decreased secretion rates of α-amylase (44% at 3% BML, 78% at 0800 h; P < 0.01) and lysozyme (46% at 3% BML, 61% at 0800 h; P < 0.01), which were lower than in CON at these time points (P < 0.05). Rehydration returned all saliva variables to baseline. In conclusion, modest dehydration (~3% BML) decreased SFR, α-amylase, and lysozyme secretion rates. Whether the observed magnitude of decrease in saliva AMPs during dehydration compromises host defence remains to be shown.
Viscoelastic properties of stereocomplex polymers (1976)

Sterecomplex polymers were synthesized by radical polymerization of mixtures of isotactic and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in some vinyl monomers under the conditions of stereocomplex formation. The viscoelastic properties of stereocomplex polymers were studied by a sinusoidal vibration method and compared with those of the usual blended polymers. It was found that the network structure resulting from the stereocomplex association between isotactic and syndiotactic PMMA prevents a phase separation of the newly created polymers from the matrix of PMMA during the polymerization process, and that makes the viscoelastic properties and optical transparency of stereocomplex polymers very different from those of the usual blended polymers without stereocomplex formation.
Ziv-Lempel encoding with multi-bit flags (2002)

LZ77 and more recently LZSS text compression use one-bit flags to identify a following pointer or literal. This paper investigates the use of multi-bit flags to allow a greater variety of entities in the compressed data stream. Two approaches are described. The first uses flags of 2 or 3 bits with operands constrained to be 1, 2 or 3 bytes long. The other codes entirely in units of 2 or 3 bits (instead of the more usual single bits). Both methods are shown to yield compressors of good performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Timing of mating flights of Neotropical African and European honey bee queens and drones (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in eastern Venezuela. (1999)

Mating flight characteristics of reproductives of neotropica lAfrican and European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were studied in eastern Venezuela. For queens, mean exit times of all flights and midpoints of mating flights differed significantly between the subspecies, with the midpoints of mating flights by European queens occurring an average of 47 min earlier in the afternoon. Queens of the two subspecies did not differ in other aspects of their orientation and mating flights. Flights of European drones also occurred significantly earlier than those of neotropical African drones. Mating flights of queens and drones of the same subspecies were approximately synchronous. These results are sufficient to explain the weak positive assortative mating that has been reported previously.
Mutations conferring zanamivir resistance in human influenza virus N2 neuraminidases compromise virus fitness and are not stably maintained in vitro (2006)

These data suggest that zanamivir-resistant H3N2 viruses may not readily arise in vivo due to their poor viability. The G70C N9 NA may also provide a useful model for understanding the structural basis of subtype-specific drug resistance.
Digital subtraction peripheral angiography using image stacking: Initial clinical results (2001)

Using clinically acquired x-ray angiography image sequences, we compared three algorithms for creating a single diagnostic quality image that combined input images containing flowing contrast agent. These image-stacking algorithms were: maximum opacity with the minimum gray-scale value across time recorded at each spatial location, (REC) recursive temporal filtering followed by a maximum opacity operation, and (AMF) an approximate matched filter consisting of a convolution with a kernel approximating the matched filter followed by a maximum opacity operation. Eighteen clinical exams of the peripheral arteries of the legs were evaluated. AMF gave 2.7 times greater contrast to noise ratio than the single best subtraction image and 1.3 times improvement over REC, the second best stacking algorithm. This is consistent with previous simulations showing that AMF performs nearly equal to the optimal result from matched filtering without the well-known limitations. For example, unlike matched filtering, AMF filter coefficients were obtained automatically using an image-processing algorithm. AMF effectively brought out small collateral arteries, otherwise difficult to see, without degrading artery sharpness or stenosis grading. Comparing results using reduced and full contrast agent volumes demonstrated that contrast agent load could be reduced to one-third of the conventional amount with AMF processing. By simulating reduced x-ray exposures on clinical exams, we determined that x-ray exposure could be reduced by 80% with AMF processing. We conclude that AMF is a promising, potential technique for reducing contrast agent load and for improving vessel visibility, both very important characteristics for vascular imaging.
Receptor-based design of novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: benzimidazole and indole derivatives (1991)

Although many thousands of inhibitors of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have been synthesized, all of the very active compounds have been 2,4-diaminopyrimidines or very close analogues. This paper describes 2,4-diamino-6-benzylbenzimidazole (3b) and the corresponding indole (4), as well as more complex tri- and tetracyclic derivatives (5 and 6). These were designed on the basis of molecular modeling to the known X-ray structure of Escherichia coli DHFR, in an effort to determine whether one could drastically alter the diamino configuration by placing one amino substituent in a 5-membered nitrogen-containing ring and the second in the ortho position of a fused ring and still inhibit DHFR significantly. Although the electronics and bond angles are quite different from that of a 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, the pKa values are in an appropriate range, and hydrogen-bond distances appear to be quite reasonable. The most active compound, 4, was very unstable and active only in the 10(-4) M range. Dihydroindenoimidazole derivatives such as 6 showed quite a good fit to the enzyme by modeling studies, but had low activity. Since the most active compound made was 2 orders of magnitude weaker as an inhibitor of bacterial DHFR than the unsubstituted 5-benzyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine, we concluded that such a ring system was unlikely to produce the high inhibitory potency of trimethoprim (1), even with greatly improved hydrophobic contacts. Thus the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine system remains unparalleled to date for the competitive inhibition of this enzyme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Azathymidine and Its Incorporation into Oligonucleotides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province.: Edited by F. Wall and A.N. Zaitsev. The Mineralogical Society Book Series, Volume 10. 2004.   89 (price for member of the Society:  62). ISBN 0 903956 22 4. (2005)

The first reaction of many who come across this book will be “so what’s a phoscorite?” The name does not spring readily to the lips even of those who study alkaline rocks, whereas others might dismiss it as yet another of those obscure type-locality names for some rare rock-type and of little
Low coupling loss between quantum well electron transfer waveguide modulator and single mode fiber (2002)

We demonstrate low fiber-waveguide coupling loss in quantum well electron transfer modulators with a large optical mode structure. Electro-optic efficiency and propagation loss are comparable to those measured in a conventional waveguide structure with the same active material.
Cytokine Regulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry and Replication in Human Monocytes/Macrophages through Modulation of CCR5 Expression (1998)

Human macrophages express chemokine receptors that act as coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and are major targets for HIV-1 infection in vivo. The effects of cytokines on HIV-1 infection of macrophages and on the expression of CCR5, the principal coreceptor for macrophage-tropic viruses, have now been investigated. Expression of CCR5 on the surface of freshly isolated human monocytes was virtually undetectable by flow cytometry with the monoclonal antibody 5C7. However, after culture of monocytes for 48 h in serum-free medium, approximately 30% of the resulting macrophages expressed CCR5 and the cells were susceptible to infection by macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Addition of either macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to the cultures markedly increased both the extent of HIV-1 entry and replication as well as surface expression of CCR5. In contrast, addition of the T-helper 2 (Th2) cell-derived cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-13 prevented the expression of CCR5 induced by culture in medium alone, and IL-4 inhibited virus entry, replication, and cytopathicity under these conditions. IL-4 or IL-13 also prevented the stimulatory effects of M-CSF or GM-CSF on CCR5 expression as well as HIV-1 entry and replication. In addition, IL-4 reversed the increase in CCR5 expression induced by pretreatment of cells with M-CSF. Although IL-10 also inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages, it did not suppress surface CCR5 expression induced by colony-stimulating factors. These results indicate that the cytokine environment determines the susceptibility of macrophages to HIV-1 infection by various mechanisms, one of which is the regulation of HIV-1 coreceptor expression.
ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED POLYANILINE POWDER (1986)

The slow voltammetry was taken on the paste electrode consisting of polyaniline powder and polytetrafluoroethylene binder which was applied to pyrographite disc electrode. The potential cycle range was+0.6V→-0.2V→+0.8V→+0.6V vs. SCE. It was found that the voltammetry curves are similar for polyaniline obtained chemically and electrochemically. The difference of the voltammetry curves in different acids may be attributed to some exchange of doping anions in polyaniline structure. The first redox ...
Multi-modal big-data management for film production (2015)

Modern digital film production uses large quantities of data from videos, digital photographs, LIDAR scans, spherical photography and many other sources to create the final film frames. The processing and management of this massive amount of heterogeneous data consumes enormous resources. We propose an integrated pipeline for 2D/3D data registration for film production. We present the prototype application Jigsaw, which allows users to efficiently manage and process various data from digital photographs to 3D point clouds. A key requirement in the use of multi-modal 2D/3D data for content production is the registration into a common coordinate frame. 3D geometric information is reconstructed from 2D data and registered to the reference 3D models using 3D feature matching. We provide a public multi-modal database captured with a wide variety of devices in different environments to assist further research. An order of magnitude gain in efficiency is achieved with the proposed approach.
Yeast Derived LysA2 Can Control Bacterial Contamination in Ethanol Fermentation (2018)

Contamination of fuel-ethanol fermentations continues to be a significant problem for the corn and sugarcane-based ethanol industries. In particular, members of the <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> family are the primary bacteria of concern. Currently, antibiotics and acid washing are two major means of controlling contaminants. However, antibiotic use could lead to increased antibiotic resistance, and the acid wash step stresses the fermenting yeast and has limited effectiveness. Bacteriophage endolysins such as LysA2 are lytic enzymes with the potential to contribute as antimicrobials to the fuel ethanol industries. Our goal was to evaluate the potential of yeast-derived LysA2 as a means of controlling <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> contamination. LysA2 intracellularly produced by <i>Pichia pastoris</i> showed activity comparable to <i>Escherichia coli</i> produced LysA2. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) with the A4α peptidoglycan chemotype (L-Lys-D-Asp crosslinkage) were the most sensitive to LysA2, though a few from that chemotype were insensitive. <i>Pichia</i>-expressed LysA2, both secreted and intracellularly produced, successfully improved ethanol productivity and yields in glucose (YPD60) and sucrose-based (sugarcane juice) ethanol fermentations in the presence of a LysA2 susceptible LAB contaminant. LysA2 secreting <i>Sacharomyces cerevisiae</i> did not notably improve production in sugarcane juice, but it did control bacterial contamination during fermentation in YPD60. Secretion of LysA2 by the fermenting yeast, or adding it in purified form, are promising alternative tools to control LAB contamination during ethanol fermentation. Endolysins with much broader lytic spectrums than LysA2 could supplement or replace the currently used antibiotics or the acidic wash.
Inception of Medi Java: An Open Source Library for Medical Science (2012)

Medical Software development process needs valuable time and efforts of the developers and medical science experts of the respective field. As the software developers need to write the code from scratch. So there has to be some medical science library functions in the all frequently used programming languages to facilitate faster and efficient software development process. So an attempt has been made to investigate the existence of any such library functions in the existing programming language and to propose the possibility of such library in Java as Java API. Medi Java (Name proposed by the first author) is expected to cover all important areas of medical science. MediJava is intended to be an open source project.
International Symposium on Electroanalysis in Biomedical, Environmental and Industrial Sciences (1983)

G. G. Guilbault, T. M. Florence, J. H. Ladenson, I. Karube, S. Suzuki, C. A. Marsden, I. A. Macdonald, M. P. Brazell, N. Maidment, E. Pungor, K. Tóth, J. D. R. Thomas, M. Thompson, U. J. Krull and L. Bendell-Young, Anal. Proc., 1983, 20, 550 DOI: 10.1039/AP9832000550
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus for lupus nephritis: a placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study (2009)

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy for lupus nephritis. Patients with persistent nephritis were randomized to receive 28 weeks of double-blind treatment with tacrolimus (3 mg/day) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change in the lupus nephritis disease activity index (LNDAI) calculated from scores for daily urinary protein excretion, urinary red cells, serum creatinine, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody, and serum complement. Statistical analysis was performed using the full analysis set. The LNDAI was decreased by 32.9 +/- 31.0% (mean +/- SD) in the tacrolimus group (n = 28) and was increased by 2.3 +/- 38.2% in the placebo group (n = 35) at final evaluation. There was significant improvement in the tacrolimus group. Daily urinary protein excretion showed a significant decrease in the tacrolimus group (p < 0.001). The complement (C3) level showed a significant increase in the tacrolimus group (p = 0.001). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 92.9% of the tacrolimus group and 80.0% of the placebo group, but the difference was not significant. In patients on glucocorticoid therapy for lupus nephritis, addition of tacrolimus to basal therapy achieved significant improvement compared with placebo. Tacrolimus may therefore be a useful alternative treatment for lupus nephritis.