gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osseointegration of sintered porous-surfaced and plasma spray-coated implants: An animal model study of early postimplantation healing response and mechanical stability (1999)

The osseointegration and long-term success of bone-interfacing implants are dependent on mechanical stability of the implant relative to host bone during the early healing period. The geometric design of an implant surface may play an important role in affecting early implant stabilization, possibly by influencing tissue healing dynamics. In this study, we compared the early tissue healing response and resulting implant stability for two surface designs by characterizing the histological and mechanical properties of the healing tissue around Ti6Al4V sintered porous-surfaced and Ti plasma-sprayed implants. The implants were inserted transversely in rabbit femoral condyles and evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 16 days postimplantation. At 4 and 8 days after implantation, the early healing tissue (fibrin and collagenous matrix) was more extensively integrated with the three-dimensional interconnected structure of the sintered porous surface than with the irregular geometry of the plasma-sprayed coating. In addition, histological examination indicated that initial matrix mineralization leading to osseointegration occurred more rapidly with the porous-surfaced implants. The more extensive tissue integration and more rapid matrix mineralization with the porous-surfaced implants were reflected in the mechanical test data, which demonstrated greater attachment strength and interfacial stiffness for the porous-surfaced implants 4 and 8 days postimplantation (p <.05). Sixteen days after implantation, both implant designs were osseointegrated and had comparable attachment characteristics. These data demonstrate that appropriate surface design selection can improve early implant stability and induce an accelerated healing response, thereby improving the potential for implant osseointegration.
Twin-actuators for ultra-fast access in CD-ROM systems (1996)

This paper describes the principle of the twin-actuator CD-ROM drive and the improvement it brings to the access performance. After a brief introduction, a novel one-sledge twin-actuator construction is presented which leads to very short seek times. An adaptive twin-actuator construction is also described. Finally, some calculations for systems with two independent actuators are carried out. The seek performance of a twin-actuator drive is calculated as related to a standard CD-ROM benchmark.
Synthesis of (.eta.6-arene)NiR2 and -CoR2 (R = .sigma.-bound halosilanes and haloarenes) by (allyl)2Ni/HR reactions and combined metal trifluoroacetate/Grignard reagent methods (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (.eta.6-arene)NiR2 and -CoR2 (R = .sigma.-bound halosilanes and haloarenes) by (allyl)2Ni/HR reactions and combined metal trifluoroacetate/Grignard reagent methodsShaw Tao Lin, Richard N. Narske, and Kenneth J. KlabundeCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 3, 571–574Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/om00122a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (508 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Design and Analysis of Rhesus Cytomegalovirus IL-10 Mutants as a Model for Novel Vaccines against Human Cytomegalovirus (2011)

This study demonstrates an immunization strategy to neutralize RhCMVIL-10 biological activity using non-functional RhCMVIL-10 antigens. The results provide the methodology for targeting CMVIL-10 in vaccine, and therapeutic strategies, to nullify HCMV's ability to (1) skew innate and adaptive immunity, (2) disseminate from the site of primary mucosal infection, and (3) establish a lifelong persistent infection.
Complications and Toxicities of Implantable Biomaterials Used in Facial Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature (1997)

The use of implantable biomaterials has become an integral part of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the face. Metals are used for fracture fixation devices, whereas polymers are used primarily for bone or soft-tissue substitution. This review of the scientific literature examines the risks and complications of these materials. First, we present an overview of commonly used materials. Second, we address general considerations of toxicity relevant to all biomaterials. Third, we present data from a large number of clinical series on the incidence of complications for individual materials used in specific applications.
Fast Kinetics of Fe <sup>2+</sup> Oxidation in Packed-Bed Reactors (1988)

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was used in fixed-film bioreactors to oxidize ferrous sulfate to ferric sulfate. Glass beads, ion-exchange resin, and activated-carbon particles were tested as support matrix materials. Activated carbon was tested in both a packed-bed bioreactor and a fluidized-bed bioreactor; the other matrix materials were used in packed-bed reactors. Activated carbon displayed the most suitable characteristics for use as a support matrix of T. ferrooxidans fixed-film formation. The reactors were operated within a pH range of 1.35 to 1.5, which effectively reduced the amount of ferric iron precipitation and eliminated diffusion control of mass transfer due to precipitation. The activated-carbon packed-bed reactor displayed the most favorable biomass holdup and kinetic performance related to ferrous sulfate oxidation. The fastest kinetic performance achieved with the activated-carbon packed-bed bioreactor was 78 g of Fe oxidized per liter per h (1,400 mmol of Fe oxidized per liter per h) at a true dilution rate of 40/h, which represents a hydraulic retention time of 1.5 min.
A NEW SYNTHESIS OF trans-2-SUBSTITUTED-2-BUTENE-1,4-DIOLS FROM 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL VIA NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS (1984)

Abstract trans-2-Substituted-2-butene-1,4-diols were readily obtained by reactions of 2-butyne-1,4-diol with Grignard reagents in good yields.
10-MW GTO converter for battery peaking service (1990)

A bidirectional 18-pulse voltage-source converter utilizing gate-turnoff thyristors (GTOs) is described. The converter, which is rated 10 MVA, was placed in service in early 1988 to connect an energy storage battery to a utility grid. The converter is rated and controlled to operate in all four quadrants (discharge, charge, leading VAr, or lagging VAr) at the full 10 MVA rating. It is capable of independent rapid control of real and reactive power with a transient response of 16 ms to changes in commanded value of real or reactive power. Thus it is usable as a reactive power controller (static VAr control), voltage control, frequency control, power system stabilizer, or real power peaking station. For use as a reactive power controller only, no battery would be needed. The design, construction, control, and application of the converter are described, and performance data taken at factory power test and at the installation are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Growth, polishing, and optical scatter of diamond thin films</title> (1990)

Polycrystalline diamond films have been synthesized in an oxygen-acetylene flame (15-20 tm thick and in a filament-assisted CYD reactor (10-60 p. m thick). The quality of the diamond was measured with a Raman microprobe optical and electron microscopes an FTIR and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The hemispherical transmittance and reflectance of several films was measured in the UV visible and infrared with integrating spheres. The transmittance and reflectance was found to depend on which surface of the film faces the spectrophotometer''s beam this result can be explained by total internal reflection effects and the different roughness scales of the film''s two surfaces. Preliminary results on the polishing of several FACVD films using a heated steel disk a rhenium filament and a hydrogen environment are discussed. An Auger depth profile of the steel disk shows graphite at the surface of the disk iron carbide in the bulk and a depletion of carbon in the bulk near the surface. The films'' surface roughness before and after polishing was measured with a profiometer and local roughness averages of A have been achieved. Results of optical scatter measurements made on films before and after polishing are presented. 1.
Crystal structure of the yeast cytochrome <i>bc</i> <sub>1</sub> complex with its bound substrate cytochrome <i>c</i> (2002)

Small diffusible redox proteins facilitate electron transfer in respiration and photosynthesis by alternately binding to integral membrane proteins. Specific and transient complexes need to be formed between the redox partners to ensure fast turnover. In respiration, the mobile electron carrier cytochrome c shuttles electrons from the cytochrome bc1 complex to cytochrome c oxidase. Despite extensive studies of this fundamental step of energy metabolism, the structures of the respective electron transfer complexes were not known. Here we present the crystal structure of the complex between cytochrome c and the cytochrome bc1 complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The complex was crystallized with the help of an antibody fragment, and its structure was determined at 2.97-A resolution. Cytochrome c is bound to subunit cytochrome c1 of the enzyme. The tight and specific interactions critical for electron transfer are mediated mainly by nonpolar forces. The close spatial arrangement of the c-type hemes unexpectedly suggests a direct and rapid heme-to-heme electron transfer at a calculated rate of up to 8.3 x 10(6) s(-1). Remarkably, cytochrome c binds to only one recognition site of the homodimeric multisubunit complex. Interestingly, the occupancy of quinone in the Qi site is higher in the monomer with bound cytochrome c, suggesting a coordinated binding and reduction of both electron-accepting substrates. Obviously, cytochrome c reduction by the cytochrome bc1 complex can be regulated in response to respiratory conditions.
Test and Debug Strategy for High Speed JESD204B Rx PHY (2017)

In this paper, we propose a test and debug methodology to support at-speed testing of the high-speed mixed signal JESD204B Receiver Physical Layer (JESD204B Rx PHY) serial interface in 28nm Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology. A mixed signal Built-in-Self-Test (BIST) is implemented to target testing of both the 2.4GHz and 60MHz mixed signal domains of the PHY. The BIST consists of an analog pattern generator which injects 2.4Gbps JESD204B compliant differential serial data, an auto-clock phase rotation to stress Clock Data Recovery (CDR) block and a checker to validate the 60MHz parallel digital data received at the output of the PHY. A scan chain structure is added to provide additional coverage of stuck-at and 60MHz at-speed transition faults. To facilitate debugging, a second set of serial pattern generator and data checker is implemented at the digital boundary. The BIST provides a fault coverage of 78.68% and 81.67% for stuck-at and 2.4GHz domain at-speed transition faults respectively for the PHY digital logic, while an ATPG coverage of 99.22% and 94.13% is achieved for stuck-at and 60MHz at-speed transition faults respectively using the scan chain structure. The BIST area and current consumption overhead is seen to be 0.5% and 2.5% respectively, thus providing a low cost test solution.
Primum non nocere: A commentary on avoidable injuries and safe resistance training techniques (2014)

Recently attention has been brought to potentially unsafe training methods within the practice of resistance training. Thus purpose of this commentary is to highlight the importance of the moral injunction Primum non nocere, and of weighing risks to rewards of training methods, for those providing resistance training recommendations and practitioners of it as a training approach. Design & Methods: Narrative review Results: It appears that many popular resistance training methods that make use of either explosive movements or unstable platforms with heavy external loading may present an increased risk of injury. In addition they may not offer any greater improvements to measures of health and fitness above safer alternatives that utilise more controlled repetition durations and avoid use of unstable platforms. Indeed, as resistance type and load may not be as important for determining strength or hypertrophic adaptations as previously thought, nor does there appear to be much supporting evidence for the transfer of balance skills developed using unstable platforms to other movement skills, the necessity of such unsafe practices appears further questionable. Conclusions: It is recommended that persons wishing to engage in resistance training for the purposes of health and fitness whilst reducing risk of injury should utilise a controlled repetition duration that maintains muscular tension and avoid use of unstable platforms. Indeed, practices involving use of lower external loads, or even the absence of external loads such as bodyweight training or isometric co-contraction, may also be effective and may pose an even lower risk of injury.
The Continuing Unethical Conduct of Underpowered Clinical Trials (2002)

Despite long-standing critiques of the conduct of underpowered clinical trials, the practice not only remains widespread, but also has garnered increasing support. Patients and healthy volunteers continue to participate in research that may be of limited clinical value, and authors recently have offered 2 related arguments to support the validity and value of underpowered clinical trials: that meta-analysis may "save" small studies by providing a means to combine the results with those of other similar studies to enable estimates of an intervention's efficacy, and that although small studies may not provide a good basis for testing hypotheses, they may provide valuable estimates of treatment effects using confidence intervals. In this article, we examine these arguments in light of the distinctive moral issues associated with the conduct of underpowered trials, the disclosures that are owed to potential participants in underpowered trials so they may make autonomous enrollment decisions, and the circumstances in which the prospects for future meta-analyses may justify individually underpowered trials. We conclude that underpowered trials are ethical in only 2 situations: small trials of interventions for rare diseases in which investigators document explicit plans for including their results with those of similar trials in a prospective meta-analysis, and early-phase trials in the development of drugs or devices, provided they are adequately powered for defined purposes other than randomized treatment comparisons. In both cases, investigators must inform prospective subjects that their participation may only indirectly contribute to future health care benefits.
Settling velocity and concentration distribution of heavy particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (1993)

The average settling velocity in homogeneous turbulence of a small rigid spherical particle, subject to a Stokes drag force, has been shown to differ from that in still fluid owing to a bias from the particle inertia (Maxey 1987). Previous numerical results for particles in a random flow field, where the flow dynamics were not considered, showed an increase in the average settling velocity. Direct numerical simulations of the motion of heavy particles in isotropic homogeneous turbulence have been performed where the flow dynamics are included. These show that a significant increase in the average settling velocity can occur for particles with inertial response time and still-fluid terminal velocity comparable to the Kolmogorov scales of the turbulence. This increase may be as much as 50% of the terminal velocity, which is much larger than was previously found. The concentration field of the heavy particles, obtained from direct numerical simulations, shows the importance of the inertial bias with particles tending to collect in elongated sheets on the peripheries of local vortical structures. This is coupled then to a preferential sweeping of the particles in downward moving fluid. Again the importance of Kolmogorov scaling to these processes is demonstrated. Finally, some consideration is given to larger particles that are subject to a nonlinear drag force where it is found that the nonlinearity reduces the net increase in settling velocity.
Photochemistry of Colloidal Metal Sulfides 6. Kinetics of Interfacial Reactions at ZnS‐Particles (1984)

Abstract ZnS sols containing alcohol or formate as reactants for positive holes and nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide as reactants for electrons were illuminated and the yields of the various products determined. Alcohols are oxidized via a one‐hole mechanism, the product being an 1‐hydroxyalkyl radical which undergoes reaction in the bulk solution. Carbon dioxide is exclusively reduced to formic acid via a two‐electron mechanism. Formate is mainly (77%) oxidized to CO 2 in a two‐hole process and less frequently via one‐electron transfer, i.e. formation of intermediate CO 2 − which reacts with other radicals in the bulk solution. A possible role of intermediate zinc atoms in the two‐electron reductions is discussed. In the presence of two reactants for one kind of charge carrier, the yields of the products can often be described by conventional competition kinetics. A scavenger for electrons influences the yield of the reaction of the scavenger for positive holes and vice versa. This influence is described for various pairs of scavengers (such as strong h + and weak e − scavenger; strong h + and strong e − scavenger etc.).
Chlamydia Species-Dependent Differences in the Growth Requirement for Lysosomes (2011)

Genome reduction is a hallmark of obligate intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia, where adaptation to intracellular growth has resulted in the elimination of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes. Accordingly, chlamydiae rely heavily on the host cell for nutrients yet their specific source is unclear. Interestingly, chlamydiae grow within a pathogen-defined vacuole that is in close apposition to lysosomes. Metabolically-labeled uninfected host cell proteins were provided as an exogenous nutrient source to chlamydiae-infected cells, and uptake and subsequent labeling of chlamydiae suggested lysosomal degradation as a source of amino acids for the pathogen. Indeed, Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), an inhibitor of the vacuolar H(+)/ATPase that blocks lysosomal acidification and functions, impairs the growth of C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae, and these effects are especially profound in C. pneumoniae. BafA1 induced the marked accumulation of material within the lysosomal lumen, which was due to the inhibition of proteolytic activities, and this response inhibits chlamydiae rather than changes in lysosomal acidification per se, as cathepsin inhibitors also inhibit the growth of chlamydiae. Finally, the addition of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of eukaryotic protein synthesis, compromises the ability of lysosomal inhibitors to block chlamydial growth, suggesting chlamydiae directly access free amino acids in the host cytosol as a preferred source of these nutrients. Thus, chlamydiae co-opt the functions of lysosomes to acquire essential amino acids.
Fructose‐mediated non‐enzymatic glycation: sweet coupling or bad modification (2004)

The Maillard reaction is a process in which reducing sugars react spontaneously with amino groups in proteins to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Although an elevated level of glucose had been thought to play a primary role in the Maillard reaction, on a molecular basis, glucose is among the least reactive sugars within biological systems. The formation of AGEs is now also known to result from the action of various metabolites other than glucose, which are primarily located intracellularly and participate in the non-enzymatic glycation reaction at a much faster rate, such as fructose, trioses and dicarbonyl compounds. In this review, we considered the glycation reaction with particular attention to the potential role of fructose and fructose metabolites. The two sources for fructose are an exogenous supply from the diet and the endogenous formation from glucose through the aldose reductase pathway. Despite its approximately eightfold higher reactivity, the contribution of extracellular glycation by fructose is considerably less than that by glucose, because of the low plasma concentration of fructose (5 mmol/L glucose vs 35 micro mol/L fructose). Intracellularly, fructose is elevated in a number of tissues of diabetic patients in which the polyol pathway is active. In the cells of these tissues, the concentrations of fructose and glucose are of the same magnitude. Although direct evidence is not yet available, it is likely that the high reactivity of fructose and its metabolites may substantially contribute to the formation of intracellular AGEs and may contribute to alterations of cellular proteins, dysfunction of cells and, subsequently, to vascular complications.
Compaction and sintering of ultrafine powders (1994)

The properties of many particulate materials can be improved through the application of ultrafine powders. There are, however, many peculiarities associated with the consolidation (i.e. compaction and sintering) of these powders. In this article, the following aspects of ultrafine powders are considered: the influence of powder properties on the interparticle friction characteristics; the content of adsorbed gases and storage problems; the effect of compaction pressure on the density of silicon nitride and nickel powders; the sintering parameters of these powders; and selected properties of consolidaled nanocrystalline materials
The Noise Performance of a Multiple-Input-Port and Multiple-Output-Port Low-Noise Amplifier Connected to an Array of Coupled Antennas (2011)

We address the noise characterization of a multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port (MIPMOP) device receiving signals from an array of antennas. A definition of the noise figures and natural noise figures of a MIPMOP device is provided, and the resulting properties are detailed in the impedance and admittance representations. We compute the natural noise figures of a low-noise MIPMOP amplifier comprising a MIMO series-series feedback amplifier (MIMO-SSFA), designed for a wireless receiver front-end.