gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A data-driven adaptive model-identification based large-scale sensor management system: Application to self powered neutron detectors (2014)

In this paper we propose an adaptive approach to manage large number of correlated sensors. Our approach is able to extract information (models) from these sensors that is relevant for performing fault diagnosis of these sensors. Such a situation involving large number of correlated sensors is encountered in large core nuclear reactors, for example. Since fault diagnosis methods are computationally intensive, it is helpful to organize the sensors into groups such that strongly correlated sensors belong to the same group. However, the groups/clusters need to be reorganized depending on operating conditions. We propose an adaptive method that is scalable to a large number of sensors and can adapt to changing operating conditions. Also, within each cluster, it is often required to adaptively rebuild new models/relations for sensors inside that cluster. We use the k-means algorithm for obtaining clusters and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for finding relations between the sensors within a cluster. We demonstrate that significant speedup is achieved by parallelizing the various aspects of the above computation. A key requirement in managing a large number of sensors is the data and processing management. We demonstrate and compare a serial and parallel implementation of this method using SQLite for database management, Python for numerical computations, the Pycluster module for clustering and the Python multiprocessing module for code parallelization. The method is demonstrated for the above nuclear reactor application: with 140 sensors and 14,000 measurements for each sensor. The method turns out to scale very easily to such a large number. The implementation codes of our approach have been made available online. The utilized packages all being open source (FOSS) helps in the use of these codes in various safety critical applications which typically require complete verification/ratification. The cost saved due to the FOSS aspect of our implementation is another advantage.
Quantifying Signal Leakage--How do Current Methods Measure Up? (1984)

Signal leakage continues to be a critical issue for systems operators and hardware manufacturers alike. The FCC's viewpoint and their actions surrounding this issue have been well documented in the past several months, as have been the opinions of several major MSO's. The viewpoint of the manufacturer, however, has been noticeably absent from recent publications documenting the issue. This paper will attempt to make the viewpoint of at least one manufacturer known, as well as discuss and analyze several different methods for measuring RFI isolation.
On the implementation of passive open boundary conditions for a general circulation model: The barotropic mode (1998)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of several open boundary conditions applied to the Princeton ocean model. The focus is on passive open boundary conditions applied to the external mode, i.e., conditions that are applied when the mean flow at the open boundary is unknown and the values of the variables must be assumed or extrapolated from the interior solution. Three types of open boundary conditions (OBCs) are tested: (1) radiation conditions, (2) characteristic methods, (3) relaxation schemes. Numerical experiments are conducted in a zonal channel that include different forms of bottom topography. The experiments are designed to emphasize flow conditions dominated by direct wind forcing or wave radiation. Three sets of experiments are discussed: (1) forcing by a uniform, alongshelf wind stress; (2) the barotropic adjustment of an initial perturbation in the sea surface elevation; and (3) forcing by a traveling storm. The results of these experiments are compared with analytical solutions and the results of experiments using cyclic boundary conditions, or expanded domains. According to our results all radiation schemes of Orlanski/s type perform poorly in either flows with strong nonlinear components or when the model response is dominated by the propagation of dispersive wave packets. The characteristic method recommended by Roed and Cooper [1987] provided reasonable responses in most cases, but we found problems in handling dispersive waves or variable wind forcing at the open boundaries. Although there were limitations in all the OBCs that we tested the best overall performances were for the conditions proposed by Flather [1976], combined with a local solution approach proposed by Roed and Smesdtad [1984], and the flow relaxation scheme developed by Martinsen and Engedahl [1987].
Phase noise in semiconductor lasers (1986)

The subject of phase noise in semiconductor lasers is reviewed. The description of noise in lasers and those aspects of phase noise that are relevant to optical communications are emphasized. The topics covered include: Langevin forces; laser linewidth above threshold and below threshold; line structure due to relaxation oscillations; phase fluctuations; line narrowing by a passive cavity section and by external feedback; coherence collapse due to optical feedback; the shot noise limits of several schemes of coherent optical communication, and the linewidth required to approach these ideal limits.
On the Roots of Tire Mechanics (1996)

ABSTRACT Dynamics of cables has something to do with tires because of the fact that a tire consists of 3 - 4000 cables. Rubber is a glue or adhesive to adhere the cables. After vulcanisation one gets a high elastic but strongly anisotropic structure which is very good to fill the gap between steel wheel and road. Increasing comfort is achieved when filling the structure with air. So we get a rolling spring with one end continuous changing in time. The understanding of this event lies not in the scope of classical mechanics.
Measles in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an urgent wake-up call to adapt vaccination implementation strategies (2014)

All countries in Africa have made a commitment to eliminate measles by 2020. This is laudable, as measles elimination will have a crucial impact on reducing childhood mortality. An important operational challenge is the resurgence of measles outbreaks in a number of countries; one of the main reasons for this is that many children are being missed by vaccination programmes. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), outbreaks continue unabated despite repeated vaccination campaigns and high reported coverage by the Ministry of Health. This paper brings into question the effectiveness of the current approach and the need for better reflection on bottlenecks and strategies that can address this issue. If we are to eliminate measles by 2020, there will be a need for impetus, a need for decisive action to reach that goal and prevent unnecessary childhood deaths in countries such as the DRC.
Critical survey on electrode aging in molten carbonate fuel cells (1979)

To evaluate potential electrodes for molten carbonate fuel cells, we reviewed the literature pertaining to these cells and interviewed investigators working in fuel cell technology. In this critical survey, the effect of three electrode aging processes - corrosion or oxidation, sintering, and poisoning - on these potential fuel-cell electrodes is presented. It is concluded that anodes of stabilized nickel and cathodes of lithium-doped NiO are the most promising electrode materials for molten carbonate fuel cells, but that further research and development of these electrodes are needed. In particular, the effect of contaminants such as H/sub 2/S and HCl on the nickel anode must be investigated, and methods to improve the physical strength and to increase the conductivity of NiO cathodes must be explored. Recommendations are given on areas of applied electrode research that should accelerate the commercialization of the molten carbonate fuel cell. 153 references.
<i>Gadd45a</i> Functions as a Promoter or Suppressor of Breast Cancer Dependent on the Oncogenic Stress (2010)

Gadd45a plays a pivotal role as a stress sensor that modulates cellular responses to various stress stimuli including oncogenic stress. We reported that the stress sensor Gadd45a gene functions as a tumor suppressor in Ras-driven breast tumorigenesis via increasing JNK-mediated apoptosis and p38-mediated senescence. In contrast, here, we show that Gadd45a promotes Myc-driven breast cancer by negatively regulating MMP10 via GSK3 β/β-catenin signaling, resulting in increased tumor vascularization and growth. These novel findings indicate that Gadd45a functions as either tumor promoter or suppressor, is dependent on the oncogenic stress, and is mediated via distinct signaling pathways. Collectively, these novel findings highlight the significance of the type of oncogenic alteration on how stress response genes function during initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. Because Gadd45a is a target for BRCA1 and p53, these findings have implications regarding BRCA1/p53 tumor suppressor functions.
Loss of overproduction of polypeptide release factor 3 influences expression of the tryptophanase operon of Escherichia coli (1996)

Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and by tryptophan-induced inhibition of Rho-mediated transcription termination. Previous studies indicated that tryptophan induction might involve leader peptide inhibition of ribosome release at the stop codon of tnaC, the coding region for the operon-specified leader peptide. In this study we examined tna operon expression in strains in which the structural gene for protein release factor 3, prfC, is either disrupted or overexpressed. We find that prfC inactivation leads to a two- to threefold increase in basal expression of the tna operon and a slight increase in induced expression. Overexpression of prfC has the opposite effect and reduces both basal and induced expression. These effects occur in the presence of glucose and cyclic AMP, and thus Rho-dependent termination rather than catabolite repression appears to be the event influenced by the prfC alterations. prfC inactivation also leads to an increase in basal tna operon expression in various rho and rpoB mutants but not in a particular rho mutant in which the basal level of expression is very high. The effect of prfC inactivation was examined in a variety of mutants with alterations in the tna leader region. Our results suggest that translation of tnaC is essential for the prfC effect. The tryptophan residue specified by tnaC codon 12, which is essential for induction, when replaced by another amino) acid, allows the prfC effect. Introducing UAG or UAA stop codons rather than the normal tnaC UGA stop codon, in a strain with an inactive prfC gene, also leads to an increase in the basal level of expression. Addition of the drug bicyclomycin increases basal operon expression of all mutant strains except a strain with a tnaC'-'lacZ fusion. Expression in the latter strain is unaffected by prfC alterations. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that ribosome release at the tnaC stop codon can influence tna operon expression.
Noninvasive <i>in vivo</i> cavitation threshold detection during blood-brain barrier opening using focused ultrasound and the contrast agent and definity. (2010)

The in vivo cavitation response associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening as induced by transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles was studied in order to better identify the underlying mechanism. A cylindrically focused hydrophone, confocal with the FUS transducer, was used as a passive cavitation detector (PCD) to identify the threshold of inertial cavitation (IC) in the presence of definity microbubbles. After definity was injected intravenously, pulsed FUS, with parameters previously shown to generate opening, was applied (frequency: 1.525 MHz, peak-rarefactional pressure: 0.30–0.60 MPa, duty cycle: 20%, PRF: 10 Hz, duration: 1 min) on the right hippocampus of five mice in vivo through their intact skin and skull. T1-weighted MRI was used to verify BBB opening. A spectrogram was generated at each pressure in order to detect the IC onset and duration. The IC threshold detected was 0.60 MPa and mainly occurred during the first 50 cycles. Harmonics were also detected during BBB opening starting at 0.30 MPa indicating stable cavitation occurrence. In conclusion, stable and inertial cavitation could be detected in vivo without craniotomy and IC is not required for BBB opening. [This work was supported by NIH R21EY018505, NIH R01EB009014 and NSF CAREER 0644713.
Maximum likelihood combining for MC-CDMA (2003)

This paper proposes a novel maximum likelihood combining (MLC) scheme for MC-CDMA systems. Currently, minimized mean square error combining (MMSEC) is widely considered the best combining scheme for MC-CDMA. The MLC proposed in this paper is optimal from the standpoint of minimizing the probability of error performance. It is shown that MLC is very close to MMSEC in a fully loaded system, justifying the selection of MMSEC over other combining schemes. Moreover, when the load is small (as measured by number of users), MLC is shown to outperform MMSEC (and, other combining schemes).
Influence of the dimensions of implant superstructure on peri-implant bone loss. (1993)

Two groups totaling 81 patients were selected. One group of edentulous patients had two IMZ implants, a bar, and an overdenture placed. The second group received a fixed restoration supported by one IMZ implant and one natural tooth. A superstructure constant was defined and used to combine the length and height of the Dolder bar or fixed prosthesis. Radiological bone loss was compared to the dimensions of the superstructure. The results showed a clear optimum for the dimensions of the superstructure on implants for the edentulous patient. Two implants connected with an overdenture should be placed 22 to 27 mm (between the centers of the implants) apart for best results. For fixed partial dentures no optimum dimensions could be found.
Polarized pump-probe measurements of electronic motion via a conical intersection (2008)

Polarized femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy is used to observe electronic wavepacket motion for vibrational wavepackets centered on a conical intersection. After excitation of a doubly degenerate electronic state in a square symmetric silicon naphthalocyanine molecule, electronic motions cause a approximately 100 fs drop in the polarization anisotropy that can be quantitatively predicted from vibrational quantum beat modulations of the pump-probe signal. Vibrational symmetries are determined from the polarization anisotropy of the vibrational quantum beats. The polarization anisotropy of the totally symmetric vibrational quantum beats shows that the electronic wavepackets equilibrate via the conical intersection within approximately 200 fs. The relationship used to predict the initial electronic polarization anisotropy decay from the asymmetric vibrational quantum beat amplitudes indicates that the initial width of the vibrational wavepacket determines the initial speed of electronic wavepacket motion. For chemically reactive conical intersections, which can have 1000 times greater stabilization energies than the one observed here, the same theory predicts electronic equilibration within 2 fs. Such electronic movements would be the fastest known chemical processes.
Enhancement of voltage-gated Na+ channel current associated with multidrug resistance in human leukemia cells. (1987)

Membrane currents were examined in a drug-sensitive human leukemia cell line (K562) and its multidrug-resistant cell line (K562/ADM) under the whole-cell variation of the patch electrode voltage clamp technique. Most K562 cells showed only the outward current, which was completely suppressed by internal Cs+ ions and 20 mM ethyleneglycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. In contrast to K562 cells, most K562/ADM cells showed tetrodotoxin-sensitive, voltage-gated Na+ channel current in addition to the outward current. Na+ current was observed in four of 29 K562 cells examined, while it was observed in 29 of 33 K562/ADM cells. Two revertant cell lines (R1-3, R1-5) did not show Na+ current. It was concluded that the amplitude of voltage-gated Na+ current increases in association with multidrug resistance in human leukemia cells.
Luminescence of W(CO)<sub>4</sub>(4-Me-phen) in Photosensitive Thin Films:  A Molecular Probe of Acrylate Polymerization (1996)

The complex W(CO)4(4-Me-phen) (4-Me-phen = 4-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline) has been determined to be luminescent and act as a spectroscopic probe in UV-curable trimethylolpropane triacrylate/poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films. Electronic absorption and luminescence characteristics have been measured for this complex in room-temperature solutions and low-temperature (80 K) glasses and in 10 mil thin films of the unexposed and exposed acrylate resins. In each environment dual luminescence bands were observed which are attributed to triplet-centered metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) excited states. For the unexposed photoresist these transitions were recorded at 520 and 750 nm and in the exposed material these are moved to 525 and 715 nm, respectively. The lowest energy emission band undergoes a substantial blue-shift and intensifies greatly on polymerization; this phenomenon provides a useful molecular probe of the acrylate cross-linking process. These changes in emission characteristics are associated with a rigidochromic effect imparted on the lowest lying and solvent sensitive b2 → b2(π*) 3MLCT electronically excited state in this complex. The complex W(CO)5(4-CN-py) (4-CN-py = 4-cyanopyridine) was also investigated as a spectroscopic probe in the acrylate system but appears unsuitable for this purpose as it was found to degrade significantly in the resin.
TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICES USING FM MULTIPLEX BROADCASTING (1993)

NHK has developed an FM multiplex broadcasting system using a new digital modulation method called level controlled minimum shift keying (L-MSK) which is a kind of MSK. This system is multipath-proof, and has a transmission capacity of 16 kbps. Moreover, it has a compatibility with radio data system (RDS) because they use different frequency bands. Transmission tests were carried out to measure the performance of the 16 kbps L-MSK system in the service area of the NHK Tokyo FM station. These tests revealed that this system was superior to RDS in terms of the correct reception rates obtained in mobility. FM multiplex broadcasting using L-MSK has many merits for traffic information services.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(styrene-<i>b</i>-<i>n</i>-butyl acrylate-<i>b</i>-styrene) Triblock Copolymers Using a Dialkoxyamine as Initiator (2002)

This study investigates the ability of a novel difunctional alkoxyamine based on N-tert-butyl-1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl nitroxide (SG1) to serve as initiator for the controlled radical polymerization of styrene (S) and n-butyl acrylate (nBuA). The efficiency of this initiator was checked using three different methods. After we set up the conditions best suited to the synthesis of perfectly difunctional poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBuA) samples, well-defined poly(styrene-b-n-butyl acrylate-b-styrene) triblock copolymers could be obtained by sequential polymerization of the corresponding monomers. However, a loss of control of the targeted structure was observed whenever the conversion of styrene exceeded 40%.
<i>In vitro</i> characterization of binding and stability of single-chain Fv Ni-NTA-liposomes (2006)

Recently, we presented a new method for the generation of single-chain Fv (scFv) immunoliposomes, which circumvents the necessity to introduce additional reactive groups in the protein. This method is based on immobilizing scFv fragments via their C-terminal hexahistidyl-tag on liposomes containing nickel-complexed dioleoyl-glycero-succinyl-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA-DOGS) as an anchor lipid within the lipid bilayer. Here, we have extended this approach to various other scFv fragments and further demonstrate strong and selective binding of these liposomes to target cells in vitro. In order to evaluate suitability for in vivo applications, we investigated the influence of human plasma on stability and binding behaviour of scFv Ni-NTA-liposomes in vitro using scFv A5 directed against human endoglin (CD105) as a model antibody. We could show that the binding activity to target cells is rapidly lost in the presence of human plasma. Incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains into the lipid bilayer did not protect against loss of binding capability. Further studies showed that loss of binding is mainly due to displacement of Ni-NTA-bound scFv fragments caused by plasma proteins. In conclusion, the system allows for a rapid and flexible generation of target cell specific immunoliposomes for in vitro applications but lacks stability for in vivo applications.
Improved Stress Tolerance of GroESL-Overproducing<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>and Probiotic<i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i>NFBC 338 (2004)

The bacterial heat shock response is characterized by the elevated expression of a number of chaperone complexes. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that GroEL expression in probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 was increased under heat adaptation conditions (52 degrees C for 15 min). Subsequently, the groESL operon of L. paracasei NFBC 338 was PCR amplified, and by using the nisin-inducible expression system, two plasmids, pGRO1 and pGRO2, were constructed on the basis of vectors pNZ8048 and pMSP3535, respectively. These vectors were transferred into Lactococcus lactis(pGRO1) and L. paracasei(pGRO2), and after induction with nisin, overexpressed GroEL represented 15 and 20% of the total cellular protein in each strain, respectively. Following heat shock treatment of lactococci (at 54 degrees C) and lactobacilli (at 60 degrees C), the heat-adapted cultures maintained the highest level of viability (5-log-unit increase, approximately) in each case, while it was found that the GroESL-overproducing strains performed only moderately better (1-log-unit increase) than the controls. On the other hand, the salt tolerance of both GroESL-overproducing strains (in 5 M NaCl) was similar to that of the parent cultures. Interestingly, both strains overproducing GroESL exhibited increased solvent tolerance, most notably, the ability to grow in the presence of butanol (0.5% [vol/vol]) for 5 h, while the viability of the parent strain declined. These results confirm the integral role of GroESL in solvent tolerance, and to a lesser extent, thermotolerance of lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that technologically sensitive cultures, including certain probiotic lactobacilli, can potentially be manipulated to become more robust for survival under harsh conditions, such as food product development and gastrointestinal transit.