gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity, stability, and immunogenicity of a knobless clone of Plasmodium falciparum in Colombian owl monkeys (1985)

The pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and morphological stability of a knobless clone of strain FCR-3 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was investigated in Aotus monkeys. An early knob-bearing (K+), wild-type isolate of strain FCR-3 and the D3 knobless (K-) clone were adapted to Aotus monkey erythrocytes in continuous culture, establishing the parasites in Aotus cells without exposure to in vivo cellular or humoral immune responses. All monkeys, intact or splenectomized, which were infected with wild-type FCR-3 adapted to Aotus cells in vitro, developed virulent infections and had to be drug treated. The intact nonsplenectomized animals which received knobless D3 cloned parasites did not develop virulent infections even after multiple infections. The splenectomized monkeys which received the K- D3 clone had virulent infections. Late-stage wild-type K+ parasites sequestered in both intact and splenectomized monkeys, whereas late-stage D3 K- parasites did not sequester in the splenectomized animals. These results suggest that two elements affected the pathogenicity of the malaria parasites in these experiments. Knobs on K+-infected erythrocytes enabled these parasites to sequester, presumably by attachment to capillary endothelium. When present, the spleen eliminated circulating K- late-stage erythrocytes, presumably by selection on the basis of their nondeformability. Although clone D3 K- parasites are nonvirulent in intact monkeys, they induced some immunological protection against challenge with wild-type K+ parasites. The surface morphology of K--infected erythrocytes remains unaltered throughout these experiments, suggesting that loss of knobs is a stable condition.
Stress Corrosion Cracking Characterization of 3.5 NiCrMoV Low Pressure Turbine Rotor Steels in NaOH and NaCl Solutions (1983)

This paper describes a research program conducted to determine susceptibility of steels used in low pressure (LP) turbine rotors of power plants to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in LP turbine environments. Slow strain rate SCC tests were conducted on samples from two 3.5 NiCrMoV rotor forgings over a temperature range of 38 to 204 C (100 to 400 F). Environments employed included pure NaOH solutions, 3.5% NaCl, pure water, and mixtures of NaOH and NaCl, Na2S, Na2SO4, or CuO. Supplementary electrochemical data also were generated. Test results indicate that the minimum NaOH concentration required to produce detectable SCC decreases with increasing temperature. Addition of small amounts of NaCl reduced the concentration of NaOH necessary to produce SCC at 157 C (315 F). Pure 3.5% NaCl induced SCC at 121 C (250 F). SCC was not detected in either steel in tests in pure water at 157 C (315 F).
Higher Order Mode Convertors for “Ribbon” Fibre (2014)

Higher order mode convertors for ribbon fibres with rectangular cores were made by postprocessing a photonic crystal fibre and introducing an enlarged parasitic core beside the input single-mode core. These two cores were merged to form the output rectangular core. By focusing light into the input core, third- to sixth-order modes could be excited at the output. The devices were low loss (<;0.2 dB) and broadband (1250-1650 nm).
Restoration of Mitochondrial Function in Cells with Complex I Deficiency (2005)

The mammalian mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) is the major entry point for the electron transport chain. It is the largest and most complicated respiratory complex consisting of at least 46 subunits, 7 of which are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Deficiency in complex I function has been associated with various human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and the aging process. To explore ways to restore mitochondrial function in complex I-deficient cells, various cell models with mutations in genes encoding subunits for complex I have been established. In this paper, we discuss various approaches to recover mitochondrial activity, the complex I activity in particular, in cultured cells.
Genetic linkage analysis of multicase families with fibromyalgia syndrome. (1999)

. Our study of 40 multicase families confirms existence of a possible gene for FM that is linked with the HLA region. Our results should be regarded as preliminary and their independent confirmation by other studies is warranted.
Free‐energy component analysis of 40 protein–DNA complexes: A consensus view on the thermodynamics of binding at the molecular level (2001)

Noncovalent association of proteins to specific target sites on DNA--a process central to gene expression and regulation--has thus far proven to be idiosyncratic and elusive to generalizations on the nature of the driving forces. The spate of structural information on protein--DNA complexes sets the stage for theoretical investigations on the molecular thermodynamics of binding aimed at identifying forces responsible for specific macromolecular recognition. Computation of absolute binding free energies for systems of this complexity transiting from structural information is a stupendous task. Adopting some recent progresses in treating atomic level interactions in proteins and nucleic acids including solvent and salt effects, we have put together an energy component methodology cast in a phenomenological mode and amenable to systematic improvements and developed a computational first atlas of the free energy contributors to binding in approximately 40 protein-DNA complexes representing a variety of structural motifs and functions. Illustrating vividly the compensatory nature of the free energy components contributing to the energetics of recognition for attaining optimal binding, our results highlight unambiguously the roles played by packing, electrostatics including hydrogen bonds, ion and water release (cavitation) in protein-DNA binding. Cavitation and van der Waals contributions without exception favor complexation. The electrostatics is marginally unfavorable in a consensus view. Basic residues on the protein contribute favorably to binding despite the desolvation expense. The electrostatics arising from the acidic and neutral residues proves unfavorable to binding. An enveloping mode of binding to short stretches of DNA makes for a strong unfavorable net electrostatics but a highly favorable van der Waals and cavitation contribution. Thus, noncovalent protein-DNA association is a system-specific fine balancing act of these diverse competing forces. With the advances in computational methods as applied to macromolecular recognition, the challenge now seems to be to correlate the differential (initial vs. final) energetics to substituent effects in drug design and to move from affinity to specificity.
Comparison of Langevin and molecular dynamics simulations. Equilibrium and dynamics of ethylene glycol in water (1992)

The results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of one ethylene glycol molecule in 259 waters from trajectories totalling 5 ns are compared with those from Langevin dynamics simulations of a single ethylene glycol. It is found that while the trans–gauche equilibrium constant is relatively unperturbed by water, the effective barrier for isomerization is lowered by ca. 1kT. Once this effect is taken into account, a Langevin model without explicit waters with a collision frequency, γ, of ca. 50 ps–1 provides a reasonable description of the average isomerization rate. Overall rotation is well fitted with γ= 75 ps–1, although the fast librational motion present in MD is overdamped in LD. When hydrodynamic interaction is introduced with the Oseen tensor and the above collision frequencies are assumed, 1–2 bound waters are required to reproduce the translational diffusion constant of the glycol obtained in the MD simulations. These results indicate that Langevin dynamics simulations can reproduce some behaviour of polar molecules in aqueous solutions, but might be better carried out including a partial layer of bound water.
The route of entry of cytoplasmic ally synthesized proteins into: Chloroplasts of algae possessing chloroplast ER (1979)

In 8 classes of algae, namely the Cryptophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Haptophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae and Phaeophyceae, the chloroplasts, in addition to being surrounded by a double-membraned chloroplast envelope, are also enclosed by a cisterna of endoplasmic reticulum called the chloroplast ER. Often this ER cisterna is continuous with the outher membrane of the nuclear envelope in such a manner that the nuclear envelope forms a part of the ER sac enclosing the chloroplast. In all these classes of algae except the Cryptophyceae, a regular network of tubules and vesicles, named the periplastidal reticulum, is present at a specific location between the chloroplast envelope and the chloroplast ER. In the Cryptophyceae, scattered vesicles are found between the chloroplast envelope and the chloroplast ER. Ribosomes which have been shown to be arranged to polysomes are found on the outer membrane of the chloroplast ER. It is proposed that nuclear-coded proteins which are destined for the chloroplast are synthesized on these polysomes, passing during synthesis into the lumen of the ER cisterna. Vesicles containing these proteins then pinch off the chloroplast ER and form the periplastidal reticulum. Vesicles containing these proteins then pinch off the chloroplast ER and form the periplastidal reticulum. Vesicles then fuse with the outer membrane of the chloroplast envelope thereby delivering their contents to the lumen of the chloroplast envelope. Proteins then cross the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope in an as yet unknown manner. Experimental evidence for this hypothesis comes from studies on Ochromonas danica using chloramphenicol and spectinomycin, which inhibit protein synthesis on plastid ribosomes, and cycloheximide, which inhibits protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes. In cells of Ochromonas exposed to chloramphenicol or spectinomycin, the periplastidal reticulum proliferates markedly becoming several layers thick. Presumably this build up of periplastidal reticulum occurs because the transport of cytoplasmically synthesized plastid proteins is slowed down when protein synthesis in the chloroplast is inhibited. Conversely, when cells of Ochromonas are treated with cycloheximide, there is a reduction in the amount of periplastidal reticulum presumably because there are no cytoplasmically synthesized proteins to be transported into the chloroplast.
Bactericidal Activity, Eggshell Conductance, and Hatchability Effects of Ozone Versus Formaldehyde Disinfection , (1989)

Ozone and formaldehyde were evaluated as disinfectants in a prototype laboratory setter against microorganisms that are naturally present on fertile, freshly laid, broiler hatching eggs. Significantly lower microbial counts of over 2.5 log10 (P less than .05) were observed for water-misted and ozonated (2.83% by weight) eggs or formaldehyde-fumigated (triple strength) eggs than for control and water-misted eggs. Eggshell conductance studies as measured by egg moisture losses in a desiccator showed no significant differences (P greater than .05) among untreated, water misted, ozonated (3.06% by weight) with water mist, or formaldehyde (triple strength)-fumigated eggs. Hatchability was significantly reduced (26.5 to 37.5%) following ozonation (3.03% ozone by weight, 2 h) in comparison with effects of no treatment or water misting. Misting with ozonation was equally as effective as formaldehyde fumigation in reducing microbial counts. However, ozone treatment at the concentrations tested significantly reduced hatchability when compared with results of either no treatment, water misting, or an average hatchability figure for formaldehyde fumigation. These findings indicate that ozone is a good disinfectant yet may adversely affect embryo development when given in the gaseous form.
Low-Phase Noise Photonic Millimeter-Wave Generator Using an AWG Integrated with a 3-dB Combiner (2005)

We demonstrate the generation of 90-125 GHz millimeter-wave signal with a phase noise of less than -75 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz by using optical heterodyning that employs an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) integrated with 3-dB combiners.
Effectiveness of zona pellucida protein ZPB as an immunocontraceptive antigen (2000)

Abstract Immunization of female mammals with native zona pellucida (ZP) proteins is known to cause infertility. Since each human ZP protein is now available as a purified recombinant protein, is it possible to compare the immunocontraceptive potential of each ZP protein. A breeding study was conducted in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasicularis) after immunization with recombinant human ZP (rhZP) proteins (ZPA, ZPB, ZPC) separately and in combinations. This study demonstrated that immunization with recombinant human ZPB (rhZPB) protein caused cynomolgus monkeys to become infertile for 9-35 months. A second study was conducted in baboons (Papio cynocephalus), which yielded a similar result. The baboons immunized with rhZPB became infertile for 9 to &gt; 20 months. During the time of maximum antibody titre, some animals experienced disruption of the menstrual cycle, but eventually all of the animals resumed normal menstrual cycles. Control animals and animals immunized with other rhZP proteins all became pregnant before any of the rhZPB-treated animals. This is the first study in which a recombinant ZP protein has consistently induced infertility in a primate without permanent disruption of the normal menstrual cycle.
Alpha-Naphthoflavone: An Inhibitor of Hydrocarbon Cytotoxicity and Microsomal Hydroxylase (1969)

Alpha-naphthoflavone inhibits the metabolism of 3,4-benzopyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in hamster enlbryo cell cultures and protects the cells against the inhibition of cell multiplication by these carcinogens. Alphla-nalphthoflavone also inhibits the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in homogenates of induced hamster embryo cells and in liver microsomes from rats previously treated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but not in microsomes from control rats.
Histological studies on the neuroendocrine organs and retrocerebal complex of Crynodes peregrinus Fuessly (Chrysomelidae-Coleopt.). (1980)

The neuroendocrine system of Crynodes peregrinus has been described by using Alkehyde-Fuchsin technique (AF) on whole amounts and sections. Four groups of neurosecretory cells are present in the brain--including the two median groups with 18-20 cells each and two lateral groups with four cells each. The neurosecretory material (NSM) reaches the corpora cardiaca (CC) by nervi corporis cardiaci I. The CC is divisible into two distinct parts--central nervous part surrounded by the cellular cortical zone. The NSM of cerebral origin is stored and released from the CC. Intrinsic cells are found to be absent in the CC. AF positive material is found also in the corpora allata.
Facile and Efficient Acetylation of Primary Alcohols and Phenols with Acetic Anhydride Catalyzed by Dried Sodium Bicarbonate (2013)

A variety of primary alcohols and phenols were reacted with acetic anhydride at room temperature in the presence of sodium bicarbonate to produce corresponding esters in good to excellent yields. The acetylation of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol was also carried out using other bicarbonates and carbonates. The reaction in the presence of cesium bicarbonate and lithium carbonate gave 4-nitrobenzyl acetate in excellent yield, while in the presence of Na2CO3, K2CO3, Cs2CO3, or KHCO3 the yield was in the range of 80%–95%. Calcium carbonate and cobaltous carbonate did not promote the acetylation of 4-ntirobenzyl alcohol using acetic anhydride. The acetylation of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol was carried out using ethyl acetate, THF, toluene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane and acetonitrile, and gave good yields ranging from 75%–99%. Toluene was the best solvent for the reaction, while diethyl ether was the poorest.
Anisotropically Alignable Magnetic Boron Nitride Platelets Decorated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2013)

To effectively utilize the anisotropic characteristics of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), we have developed magnetic h-BN hybrid platelets decorated with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, which are used as magnetic carriers for tailoring the anisotropy of h-BN. The as-synthesized Fe3O4-coated h-BN powders can easily move under a relatively low magnetic field. With the aid of iron oxide nanoparticles, h-BN platelets randomly dispersed in an epoxy matrix are successfully reoriented in a direction vertical to the film plane. Moreover, by utilizing the anisotropic characteristics of h-BN platelets, Fe3O4-coated h-BN/epoxy composites exhibit exceptional performance in terms of in-plane thermal conductivity. This result is attributed to an improvement in the heat-transport pathways in composite films due to the anisotropic ordering of thermally conductive h-BN sheets. The Fe3O4-decorated h-BN platelets will be promising candidates for significantly improving the performances of advanced electronic devices that require excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
Perfect Space-Time Codes with Minimum and Non-Minimum Delay for Any Number of Antennas (2005)

We here introduce explicit constructions of minimum-delay perfect space-time codes for any number n/sub t/ of transmit antennas and any number n/sub t/ of receive antennas. We also proceed to construct non-minimal delay perfect space-time codes for any n/sub t/, n/sub r/ and any block length T /spl ges/ n/sub t/. Perfect space-time codes were first introduced in F. Oggier et al. (2004) for dimensions of 2 /spl times/ 2, 3 /spl times/ 3, 4 /spl times/ 4 and 6 /spl times/ 6, to be the space-time codes that have full rate, full diversity-gain, non-vanishing determinant for increasing spectral efficiency, uniform average transmitted energy per antenna and good shaping of the constellation. The term perfect corresponds to the fact that the code simultaneously satisfies all the above mentioned important criteria. As a result, perfect codes have proven to have extraordinary performance. Finally, we point out that the set of criteria in F. Oggier et al. (2004) of non-vanishing determinant, full diversity, and full rate, is a subset of the more general and more strict set of criteria for optimally in the diversity-multiplexing gain (D-MG) tradeoff [Elias, P. et al., 2004], [Kumar, K.R. et al., 2005], an approach that takes special significance when constructing non-minimal delay perfect codes. Both minimum and non-minimum delay perfect codes are shown to be D-MG optimal.
Enhanced CMOS performances using substrate strained-SiGe and mechanical strained-Si technology (2005)

We developed a novel CMOS architecture that uses mechanical tensile stress, induced by the Si nitride-capping layer, together with the pseudomorphic compressive stress in SiGe layer to improve the drive current of both n- and pMOSFETs simultaneously. The unique advantage of this process flow is that on the same wafer, individual MOSFET performance can be adjusted independently to their optimum due to the separation process for two type devices. It is found that n- and pMOSFETs in the novel CMOS architecture behaved better in performance, not only a higher drain-to-source saturation current but also higher transconductance with wide gate voltage swing, than the Si-control devices, thus making this flow to show a great flexibility for developing next-generation high-performance CMOS.
Effect of Acyclovir on Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Trigeminal Ganglia of Mice (1981)

The inhibition by acyclovir of the in vitro reactivation of herpes simplex virus from latently infected ganglion explant cultures is dependent on the continuous presence of this drug. Administration of acyclovir subcutaneously, orally, or by continuous perfusion to mice with established latent infections did not eliminate latent virus from the trigeminal ganglia.
Dynamic Responses of a Structure with Periodic Foundations (2011)

The dynamic responses of a structure with different foundations, including the so-called periodic foundation, are studied. Based on the calculation and optimization regarding the band of frequency gap of a periodic structure, a new kind of periodic isolated foundation is designed. To test the validity of this periodic isolated foundation, the dynamic responses of a seven-storey frame structure with three different foundations are conducted and compared. The analysis assumes that seismic wave input is from the arbitrary direction. This investigation shows that the seismic waves cannot propagate in the periodic foundation without being attenuated when the frequencies of the seismic wave fall within the band of frequency gap of the foundation. Thus, the dynamic responses of the supported structure will be greatly reduced. The investigation supports this new and effective method to block seismic waves for structures in civil engineering.
ZnO Hollow Spheres with Double‐Yolk Egg Structure for High‐Performance Photocatalysts and Photodetectors (2012)

Inspired by opening soft drink cans, a one-pot method to prepare ZnO hollow spheres with double-yolk egg (DEH) architectures is developed. The bubble-assisted Ostwald ripening is proposed for the formation of these novel structures. Uniqueness of DEHs morphology led to greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity and photodetector performance. The newly developed synthetic concept and the obtained novel morphologies should pave the way towards the design and fabrication of other similar materials with enhanced properties for microelectronics, optoelectronics, and other applications.
An Elastomeric Ejection System (1994)

Abstract The ability of elastomers to store large quantities of energy, which can subsequently be recovered very quickly, makes them attractive materials for propulsion devices. Recently the U.S. Navy has developed a torpedo ejection system based on an elastomeric mechanical capacitor. The criteria governing selection of a material for this application include high elastic energy, sufficient fatigue life, minimal creep, and resistance to deterioration by seawater. This paper describes various approaches to obtaining these material properties.
Raman spectroscopy using a gas laser (1965)

The helium-neon gas laser has many advantages over the mercury arc, previously used. It is more intense, its light has a longer wavelength (6 328 Å) and is plane polarised. The experimental arrangement is described : it is made of commercially available apparatus. The scattered radiation is normally observed at right angle to the direction of the laser beam, but little modification allow the observation of backward scattered radiation, the angle between the laser beam and the direction of observation beeing about 45°. Using this arrangement, the first and second order Raman spectra of several materials, as calcium tungstate, calcium fluoride and gallium phosphide and even, for GaP, three phonons Raman scattering, has been measured. Two numerical tables summarize the experimental results.
Binary phase gratings for star couplers with high splitting ratio (1982)

Abstract Binary phase transmission gratings exhibiting a certain number N of central diffraction orders of equal intensity can be used to construct star couplers of the 1-to-N and N-to-N type. The calculation of the grating's groove structure is described, and first experimental results are presented.