gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changing Ligand Specificities of αvβ1 and αvβ3 Integrins by Swapping a Short Diverse Sequence of the β Subunit (1997)

Integrins mediate signal transduction through interaction with multiple cellular or extracellular matrix ligands. Integrin alphavbeta3 recognizes fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and vitronectin, while alphavbeta1 does not. We studied the mechanisms for defining ligand specificity of these integrins by swapping the highly diverse sequences in the I domain-like structure of the beta1 and beta3 subunits. When the sequence CTSEQNC (residues 187-193) of beta1 is replaced with the corresponding CYDMKTTC sequence of beta3, the ligand specificity of alphavbeta1 is altered. The mutant (alphavbeta1-3-1), like alphavbeta3, recognizes fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and vitronectin (a gain-of-function effect). The alphavbeta1-3-1 mutant is recruited to focal contacts on fibrinogen and vitronectin, suggesting that the mutant transduces intracellular signals on adhesion. The reciprocal beta3-1-3 mutation blocks binding of alphavbeta3 to these multiple ligands and to LM609, a function-blocking anti-alphavbeta3 antibody. These results suggest that the highly divergent sequence is a key determinant of integrin ligand specificity. Also, the data support a recent hypothetical model of the I domain of beta, in which the sequence is located in the ligand binding site.
<i>HCF164</i> Encodes a Thioredoxin-Like Protein Involved in the Biogenesis of the Cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>6</sub><i>f</i> Complex in Arabidopsis (2001)

To understand the biogenesis of the plastid cytochrome b(6)f complex and to identify the underlying auxiliary factors, we have characterized the nuclear mutant hcf164 of Arabidopsis and isolated the affected gene. The mutant shows a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype and is severely deficient in the accumulation of the cytochrome b(6)f complex subunits. In vivo protein labeling experiments indicated that the mutation acts post-translationally by interfering with the assembly of the complex. Because of its T-DNA tag, the corresponding gene was cloned and its identity confirmed by complementation of homozygous mutant plants. HCF164 encodes a thioredoxin-like protein that possesses disulfide reductase activity. The protein was found in the chloroplast, where it is anchored to the thylakoid membrane at its lumenal side. HCF164 is closely related to the thioredoxin-like protein TxlA of Synechocystis sp PCC6803, most probably reflecting its evolutionary origin. The protein also shows a limited similarity to the eubacterial CcsX and CcmG proteins, which are required for the maturation of periplasmic c-type cytochromes. The putative roles of HCF164 for the assembly of the cytochrome b(6)f complex are discussed.
Effectiveness of Liposomes Possessing Surface-Linked Recombinant B Subunit of Cholera Toxin as an Oral Antigen Delivery System (1998)

Liposomes appear to be a promising oral antigen delivery system for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases, although their uptake efficiency by Peyer's patches in the gut and the subsequent induction of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses remain a major concern. Aiming at targeted delivery of liposomal immunogens, we have previously reported the conjugation via a thioether bond of the GM1 ganglioside-binding subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) to the liposomal outer surface. In the present study, we have investigated the effectiveness of liposomes containing the saliva-binding region (SBR) of Streptococcus mutans AgI/II adhesin and possessing surface-linked recombinant CTB (rCTB) in generating mucosal (salivary, vaginal, and intestinal) IgA as well as serum IgG responses to the parent molecule, AgI/II. Responses in mice given a single oral dose of the rCTB-conjugated liposomes were compared to those in mice given one of the following unconjugated liposome preparations: (i) empty liposomes, (ii) liposomes containing SBR, (iii) liposomes containing SBR and coadministered with rCTB, and (iv) liposomes containing SBR plus rCTB. Three weeks after the primary immunization, significantly higher levels of mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibodies to AgI/II were observed in the rCTB-conjugated group than in mice given the unconjugated liposome preparations, although the latter mice received a booster dose at week 9. The antibody responses in mice immunized with rCTB-conjugated liposomes persisted at high levels for at least 6 months, at which time (week 26) a recall immunization significantly augmented the responses. In general, mice given unconjugated liposome preparations required one or two booster immunizations to develop a substantial anti-AgI/II antibody response, which was more prominent in the group given coencapsulated SBR and rCTB. These data indicate that conjugation of rCTB to liposomes greatly enhances their effectiveness as an antigen delivery system. This oral immunization strategy should be applicable for the development of vaccines against oral, intestinal, or sexually transmitted diseases.
Dynamics of coupled solitons in nonlinear optical fibers (1990)

A system of coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations (NLS) governs the interaction of propagating pulses in two-mode nonlinear optical fibers and directional couplers. Using NLS solitons as trial functions in an averaged Lagrangian formulation, ordinary-differential-equation (ODE) approximations for the pulse dynamics are derived. These ODE's give a criterion for two pulses to attract one another and form a bound state; they also describe the dynamics of the complicated oscillations these pulses undergo in this bound state. In addition, the ODE dynamics show that collisions between these pulses are generally inelastic, in that there is an exchange between translational energy and internal energy (due to pulse-width oscillations). The results of the ODE theory are verified by comparison with numerical solutions of the governing partial differential equations.
Syntheses of Furano Compounds. Part XLV Syntheses of 1-Oxo-1H-Benzo[b]Furo[4,3-d]lndeno [2', 1': 5,6]Pyrans and Nitrogen Analogues (1980)

Department of Chemistry, Patna University, Patna-800 005 <em>Manuscript received 23 October 1979, revised 18 June 1980, accepted 29 October 1980</em> It is shown that cyclisations of α-benzyl-2-carboxybenzo[b]-furan-3-acetic acids lead to formation of the corresponding 1-oxo-1H-benzo[b]furo[4,3-d]indeno[2',1' : 5,6] pyrans. Some reactions of these pyrones have been studied.
L-arabinose metabolism in Azospirillum brasiliense (1982)

An oxidative pathway by which L-arabinose is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate in crude extracts of Azospirillum brasiliense is demonstrated. Specific activities of enzymes involved in the pathway were determined, and several pathway intermediates were identified.
Soybean transformation by electric discharge particle acceleration (1990)

By the use of a direct DNA‐delivery system based on electric discharge particle acceleration we have been able to obtain transgenic soybean plants expressing the neomycin phosphotransferase II and the β‐glucuronidase genes. Techniques for efficient introduction of foreign genes into agronomically important crop plants have been limited by the inability to regenerate fertile plants from single cells or by the limited hostrange of Agrobacterium vectors. In the case of soybean ( Glycine max ) the problem has been compounded due to the lack of a regeneration method compatible with existing transformation technology. In a commercial genetic engineering program the following points need to be considered: (a) not all crops/cultivars can be regenerated from transformed tissues, (b) long time frames are required for the regeneration of transgenic plants from callus, (c) Agrobacterium has a rather limited host specificity and (d) problems associated with somaclonal variation.
Assembly of the cellular powerhouse: current issues in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. (2000)

Mitochondrial biogenesis occurs in muscle in response to chronic exercise, resulting in fatigue resistance. The assembly of the organelle is initiated by contraction-induced signals, which lead to the transcriptional activation of nuclear genes. This is accompanied by alterations in mRNA stability, as well as increases in protein import and mitochondrial DNA copy number, leading to a greater muscle mitochondrial content.
Detection of triplet states in a laser dye from linear and circular polarization studies (1983)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Terence W. Barrett and John F. Giuliani, "Detection of triplet states in a laser dye from linear and circular polarization studies," Appl. Opt. 22, 2522-2525 (1983) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Cadmium-binding proteins in Pseudomonas putida: pseudothioneins. (1986)

Pseudomonas putida adapted to growth in 3 mM cadmium. The resistance mechanism involved complexation of cadmium in polyphosphate granules, changes in the structure of the cell membrane and induction of three cysteine-rich, low molecular weight proteins (3500-7000) containing 4 to 7 g-atoms per mole of cadmium, zinc, and copper. Each protein was produced during a different phase of growth, and the smallest protein (3500) was released into the environment when the cells lysed at the end of the exponential phase. The metal binding sites of the major protein were further characterized using a range of physical methods, including 113Cd NMR. The properties of the bacterial pseudothioneins are compared to those of metallothioneins.
Fluoro Ketones. III. Preparation and Thermal Decomposition of Fluoroacetone Hemiketal Esters<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoro Ketones. III. Preparation and Thermal Decomposition of Fluoroacetone Hemiketal Esters1Peter E. Newallis and Pasquale LombardoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 11, 3834–3837Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01022a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01022a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
위에서 대장으로 누관을 형성하여 혈변과 체중감소로 내원한 위방추세포암 1예 (2013)

Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is a rare tumor consisting of spindle cells which express cytokeratin. Despite recent advances in immunohistochemical and genetic studies, precise histogenesis of SpCC is still controversial and this tumor had been referred to with a wide range of names (in the past): carcinosarcoma, pseudosarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, pseudosarcomatous carcinoma, and collision tumor. Recently, the authors experienced an extremely rare case of SpCC arising from the stomach. A 64-year-old male presented with unintended weight loss and hematochezia. Endoscopic examination revealed a fistulous tract between the stomach and the transverse colon which was made by direct invasion of SpCC of the stomach to the colon. Histologically, the tumor was positive for both vimentin and cytokeratin but negative for CD117, CD34, actin, and desmin. Herein, we report a case of SpCC arising from the stomach that formed a fistulous tract with the colon which was diagnosed during evaluation of hematochezia and weight loss. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2013; 62:126-130)
[Sequencing of DNA by mechanical opening of the double helix: a theoretical evaluation]. (1994)

We propose and evaluate a model experiment, in which the sequence of a DNA fragment is determined by mechanically opening the double helix in a controlled manner (e.g. pulling on the 3' end of one strand), and measuring the variation of the force exerted by the base pairs on a nanodynamometer (e.g. on a bead in an optical trap or a glass microneedle attached to the 5' end of the other strand). We show that the major limitation of the approach is the longitudinal elasticity of the already sequenced single strand sections, which soften the displacement-force function, and facilitate spontaneous thermal opening of the base pairs.
A method for processing laser speckle images to extract high-resolution motion (1997)

A method of processing speckle images in order to extract motion is presented which relies on the use of low-cost and local pixel computations. An analysis of the extraction process is also given, permitting error estimation and corrective post processing of the motion vectors obtained.
A modified Ephraim-Malah noise suppression rule for automatic speech recognition (2004)

A soft decision gain modification is introduced and applied to the Ephraim-Malah gain function based on maximum mean square error estimation (MMSE) (Ephraim, Y. and Malah, D., IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Sig. Process., vol.ASSP-32, no.6, p.1109-21, 1984; vol.ASSP-33, no.2, p.443-5, 1985) after amplitude compression. Non-linear evaluations of the noise overestimation factor and spectral floor are used in the same way for the proposed gain modification and for non-linear spectral subtraction (NSS). Consistent and statistically significant ASR improvements of the proposed approach with respect to NSS are observed for different noise conditions considered in the AURORA2 and AURORA3 corpora. As the non-linearity affects the two approaches in the same way, the comparison result is particularly interesting.
CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID. VII. THE HIGHER OLEFINIC COMPONENTS OF CARDANOL<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTCASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID. VII. THE HIGHER OLEFINIC COMPONENTS OF CARDANOL1PATRICK T. IZZO and CHARLES R. DAWSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 4, 707–714Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01150a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (599 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Voltammetric and Force Spectroscopic Examination of Oxide Formation on Cu(111) in Basic Solution (2002)

Voltammetry and potential-dependent forces between a Si3N4 cantilever and a Cu(111) surface are used to probe the oxidation and reduction of this material in basic solution. In the anodic sweep, potential-dependent adhesive forces obtained from the cathodic limit to the first anodic peak indicate the occurrence of hydroxide adsorption at more negative potentials than the formation of Cu2O. The reactions through the Cu2O formation peak are diagnosed as competing scan-rate-dependent reactions that include the oxidation of Cu with both adsorbed OH- and solution OH-. The formation of Cu2O and soluble materials is evident from force measurements. The second anodic peak is associated with a two-electron-transfer reaction along with irreversible reactions producing soluble copper oxide species. The change of adhesive forces in the region of this peak indicates that Cu(OH)2 is formed first and converted to more stable CuO on the surface. Force and scan-rate-dependent voltammetric measurements indicate that the two cathodic peaks correspond to the combination of reduction of soluble and insoluble (adsorbed) copper species. CuOH is a likely intermediate in the final reduction to Cu metal on the cathodic scan. The combination of voltammetry and force spectroscopy provides new insights into the mechanism of the important Cu oxidation process.
Rationales and results in secondary education investment : a review of the World Bank's portfolio, 1990 - 2001 (2004)

This review seeks to identify recent trends and lessons learned from the Bank's experience in lending for secondary education through the 1990s. Specifically, it addresses the following questions : In which countries and regions has the Bank financed secondary education and why has the Bank lent for secondary education projects in the countries it has? How have secondary education project objectives and components reflected (i) the evolution of Bank strategy for the education sector and (ii) country conditions? What can be said about the determinants of performance of secondary education projects according to country conditions, project objectives and design?
Pediatric Phase I Trial and Pharmacokinetic Study of MLN8237, an Investigational Oral Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Aurora Kinase A: A Children's Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Study (2012)

The twice-daily dose regimen is well tolerated in adults; however, children experienced a greater frequency of myelosuppression and hand-foot-skin syndrome on this schedule. Children tolerated a higher dose and the recommended pediatric phase II dose is 80 mg/m(2)/d once daily for seven days.
An eye-tracking based approach to gaze prediction using low-level features (2005)

In this master's thesis, an attempt is made to automatically predict where people will look when watching video sequences. An application in the form of foveation for video compression is discussed. A relatively simple prediction model is built based on eyetracking data from several subjects and low-level features generated from the video frames, using simple image processing algorithms. The prediction model uses a new method to extract differences in feature distributions between frame regions that are watched and those that are not. It is first shown that these differences are significant. The differences are then used to predict which regions will be looked at in a new video sequence. The prediction is evaluated against eye-tracking data for the new video sequence and it is shown that the prediction is significantly better than random. Moreover, the accuracy of the prediction is compared to that of a group of humans predicting another group of humans. This comparison indicates that the proposed model needs improvement. Finally, a discussion follows about the possibilities and problems of the selected approach to gaze prediction.
Taylor–Fourier Analysis of Blood Pressure Oscillometric Waveforms (2013)

Blood pressure oscillometric waveforms behave as amplitude modulated nonlinear signals with frequency fluctuations. Their oscillating nature can be better analyzed by the digital Taylor-Fourier transform (DTFT), recently proposed for phasor estimation in oscillating power systems. Based on a relaxed signal model that includes Taylor components greater than zero, the DTFT is able to estimate not only the oscillation itself, as does the digital Fourier transform (DFT), but also its derivatives included in the signal model. In this paper, an oscillometric waveform is analyzed with the DTFT, and its zeroth and first oscillating harmonics are illustrated. The results show that the breathing activity can be separated from the cardiac one through the critical points of the first component, determined by the zero crossings of the amplitude derivatives estimated from the third Taylor order model. On the other hand, phase derivative estimates provide the fluctuations of the cardiac frequency and its derivative, new parameters that could improve the precision of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure assignment. The DTFT envelope estimates uniformly converge from K=3, substantially improving the harmonic separation of the DFT.
Space‐multiplexed multifocal nonlinear microscopy (2001)

Standard forms of nonlinear microscopy rely on single beam scanning, but the usually weaker signal and the need to image in real-time call for parallelization of the image formation. Since the nonlinear susceptibilities necessitate a comparatively large illumination power, with current laser systems the brightness or field of view of any parallelized nonlinear microscope is limited by the brightness of the laser. For example, by producing an array of high aperture foci, multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) provides real-time, light-efficient three-dimensional fluorescence imaging at high-resolution. The available power limits the degree of parallelization and hence codetermines the field of view. As the utilization of all the laser power is imperative, the focal intensity can be adjusted only through altering the number of foci. This compromises to some extent the flexibility to adjust the focal intensity to benign and effective levels. Here we introduce space-multiplexing (SMX) as a novel option in parallelized nonlinear microscopy, which enables an improved exploitation of the total laser power and facilitates changing the intensity levels in selected regions, without attenuating the total laser power. The basic idea of SMX is to overlap arrays of slightly offset coherent focal fields whose interference modulates the intensity across the sample. For a given degree of parallelization and power, SMX increases the two- and three-photon excited signal of parallelized nonlinear microscopy by a factor of up to 1.5 and 2.5, respectively. To some extent, sensitive regions may be spared out, whereas in regions with weaker nonlinear susceptibilities the intensity is increased. SMX is relevant to all modes of nonlinear microscopy, including parallelized second- and third-harmonic imaging, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and wide field multiphoton excitation.