gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A robust and fast endpoint detection algorithm for isolated word recognition (2002)

The problem of automatic word boundary detection in a quiet environment and in the presence of noise is addressed. A fast and robust algorithm for accurately locating the endpoints of isolated words is described in detail. This algorithm utilizes energy and zero crossing parameters to acquire the reference endpoints, and then the principle of variable frame rate (VFR) is adopted and cepstrum is used to accurately define the boundaries of isolated words. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the algorithm is quite acceptable. Moreover, the computation overload of this algorithm is low since the cepstrum parameters will be used in later recognition procedure.
Meerwein's Reagent Mediated, Significantly Enhanced Nucleophilic Fluorination on Alkoxysilanes (2012)

We developed a new facile method to fluorosilanes from alkoxysilanes using Meerwein’s reagent. Our protocol afforded fluo­rosilanes in excellent yields in various organic solvents including acetonitrile under mild reaction conditions at room temperature. We also proposed a reaction mechanism with the probable silyloxonium intermediates.
Entropic Elasticity of Single Polymer Chains of Poly(methacrylic acid) Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (1999)

We have directly measured the entropic elasticity due to the uncoiling of individual polymer chains of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Covalent attachment of one chain end to a substrate and sufficiently low chain grafting densities were achieved by using a mixed monolayer technique that involved the co-chemisorption of (mono)thiol-functionalized PMAA and self-assembling alkanethiols on gold. Single molecule force spectroscopy experiments were carried out in good solvent conditions where the chains were tethered to a Si3N4 probe tip via nonspecific physisorption interactions. Upon retraction of the probe tip from the surface, single, continuous, attractive peaks in the force versus distance profiles were frequently observed. These peaks could be fit, for all chain bridging lengths, to entropic-based, statistical mechanical, random-walk formulations, i.e., the freely jointed chain (FJC) model and wormlike chain (WLC) model. The fits to both models yielded a statistical segment length or persistence length of ≈0.3 nm (approximately the length of a single PMAA monomer unit), thus suggesting that locally the chains are quite flexible. In addition to measuring entropic elasticity, we have also shown that single molecule force spectroscopy experiments are able to provide quantitative information on the statistical nature of adsorption of single polymer chains.
Modeling Fashion Retail Supply Chain through Causal Loop Diagram (2015)

The increasing request for speed and efficiency in today's Fashion and Apparel Retail Supply Chains, is adding more and more complexity to the system which asks for high product availability and quick response to always changing market demand. In this context, using System Thinking approach, this paper aims at developing a Causal Loop Diagram for the definition of the cause and effect relationships between the several variables which define the system under exam. Being time a crucial variable in this field, in fact, dynamic complexity arises due to interaction of agents over time and evolving situations. In this context, our work highlights and analyses all the conflicting requirements that must be accurately evaluated and balanced in order to effectively manage the complex network of retailers and to help the decision making process behind the purchasing, delivery and replenishment steps.
Effect of Sintering Conditions and Microstructure on the Magnetostrictive Properties of Cobalt Ferrite (2008)

The effects of sintering temperature and dwell time on the magnetostrictive properties of polycrystalline cobalt ferrite synthesized by the conventional ceramic method have been investigated. The present study showed that the magnitude of magnetostriction strongly depends on the microstructure of the final sintered product. The presence of small and uniform grains with less porous structure in the sintered material leads to enhancement of the magnetostrictive strain. Higher magnetostriction is obtained for samples sintered at a relatively lower temperature of 1100°C. These results are further corroborated by analyzing the effect of some additives during sintering on the microstructural and magnetostrictive properties.
IMPREGNATED SEMICONDUCTOR SCINTILLATOR (2008)

A semiconductor scintillation-type gamma radiation detector is discussed in which the gamma-ray absorbing semiconductor body is impregnated with multiple small direct-gap semiconductor inclusions of bandgap slightly narrower than that of the body. If the typical distance between them is smaller than the diffusion length of carriers in the body material, the photo-generated electrons and holes will recombine inside the impregnations and produce scintillating radiation to which the wide-gap body is essentially transparent. In this way it is possible to implement a semiconductor scintillator of linear dimensions exceeding 10 cm.
Electron spin resonance spectra and electronic structure of nitrophenoxatellurin anion-radicals (1977)

The e.s r, spectra of mono- and di-nitrophenoxatellurin anion-radicals in different solvents are reported and interpreted in terms of solvent-induced line-width alternation. The perturbation effects of the nitro-group, oxygen, and tellurium are outlined by comparison with mono- and di-nitrodiphenyl ether anion-radicals. MO Calculations account well for the e.s.r. behaviour of these compounds.
Discovering voter preferences in blogs using mixtures of topic models (2009)

In this paper we propose a new approach to capture the inclination towards a certain election candidate from the contents of blogs and to explain why that inclination may be so. The method is based on the availability of speeches from the election candidates that are labeled and also on the collection of noisy blogs which are not labeled in any way. In this unsupervised learning scenario, we used probabilistic topic models to cluster the ground truth documents for each candidate into different underlying latent themes. The same topic models were then applied on the blog collection and the orientation of each of the blogs with different themes of the election candidate speeches was performed using KL divergence of the topic distribution over the overlapping vocabularies. We used four models for such theme matching, one with a baseline topic model and the other three by weighting the baseline topic model with the positive, negative and the neutral sentiments of the topics. We then used a collaborative objective function to combine the outcome of candidate preference for the blogs under the four models using an Expectation Maximization algorithm. The novelty of our method is highlighted in its use of unannotated data as well as in the combination of the views of the different experts explaining the same phenomenon.
Synergy of Empirical Breeding, Marker‐Assisted Selection, and Genomics to Increase Crop Yield Potential (1999)

ABSTRACT This paper was presented as part of the symposium entitled “Post‐Green Revolution Trends in Crop Yield Potential: Increasing, Stagnant or Greater Resistance to Stress.” In this presentation, we have focused on (i) uses of marker technology in determining the genetic basis of phenotypic expression and the manipulation of phenotypic variation in plants. This included the use of markers in understanding heterosis, in attempts to improve hybrid predictions, in quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification and mapping, in marker‐assisted selection (MAS), and in enhancing breeding success in the development of improved lines and hybrids; (ii) the role of genomics in developing a precise understanding of the genetic basis of phenotypic expression which will then provide more precision in the manipulation of phenotypic variation; and (iii) some attempts to integrate marker technology and genomics into empirical breeding strategies. In addition, we have focused on what has been successful as well as what has fallen short of expectations, and have suggested some of the possible reasons for the lack of success. Because of page limitations, we could not include an exhaustive review of the plant literature and have limited many of our examples to investigations in maize ( Zea mays L).
Electrical properties of multilayers based on zirconium phosphate/phosphonate bonds (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrical properties of multilayers based on zirconium phosphate/phosphonate bondsH. E. Katz and M. L. SchillingCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 8, 1162–1166Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00032a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00032a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quality of obstacle distance measurement using Ultrasonic sensor and precision of two Computer Vision-based obstacle detection approaches (2015)

Obstacle detection (OD) techniques for collision avoidance applications in automobiles and unmanned aerial vehicles have been of research interest in the recent years. This technical idea is transferred to develop a local navigation system for the visually impaired individuals which is the focus of this paper. Several types of equipment and approaches namely sensors, Computer Vision (CV) methods, micro-controllers etc. are used for detecting obstacles in the path. To enable an utmost collision free mobility of the users we intend to use Ultrasonic (US) sensors and CV systems on a smartphone to detect and alarm the user of any obstacle in the path. In this paper, the accuracy of detection of obstacles and estimating their distance from the user using US sensors is determined. Further, the quality of object detection techniques using two OD algorithms is tested on a PC for further application of the best performing algorithm in combination with the US sensors for our major goal of developing a local obstacle-free navigation system for the visually impaired using mobile devices like smartphones.
Systemic lupus erythematosus serum IgG increases CREM binding to the IL-2 promoter and suppresses IL-2 production through CaMKIV (2005)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells express high levels of cAMP response element modulator (CREM) that binds to the IL-2 promoter and represses the transcription of the IL-2 gene. This study was designed to identify pathways that lead to increased binding of CREM to the IL-2 promoter in SLE T cells. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) was found to be increased in the nucleus of SLE T cells and to be involved in the overexpression of CREM and its binding to the IL-2 promoter. Treatment of normal T cells with SLE serum resulted in increased expression of CREM protein, increased binding of CREM to the IL-2 promoter, and decreased IL-2 promoter activity and IL-2 production. This process was abolished when a dominant inactive form of CaMKIV was expressed in normal T cells. The effect of SLE serum resided within the IgG fraction and was specifically attributed to anti-TCR/CD3 autoantibodies. This study identifies CaMKIV as being responsible for the increased expression of CREM and the decreased production of IL-2 in SLE T cells and demonstrates that anti-TCR/CD3 antibodies present in SLE sera can account for the increased expression of CREM and the suppression of IL-2 production.
The sodium lauryl sulfate model: an overview (1995)

Irritant contact dermatitis is a complex entity with several clinical forms (acute, cumulative, etc.) and multiple mechanisms. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), the most widely utilized model for studying acute and cumulative irritation, has proved highly practical and informative for such studies. This article summarizes several decades of investigation, and provides details of dosing, application method (closed versus open), and biologic endpoints (visual grading, transepidermal water loss) that may be utilized in future studies.
Protease‐activated receptors and prostaglandins in inflammatory lung disease (2009)

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a novel family of G protein-coupled receptors. Signalling through PARs typically involves the cleavage of an extracellular region of the receptor by endogenous or exogenous proteases, which reveals a tethered ligand sequence capable of auto-activating the receptor. A considerable body of evidence has emerged over the past 20 years supporting a prominent role for PARs in a variety of human physiological and pathophysiological processes, and thus substantial attention has been directed towards developing drug-like molecules that activate or block PARs via non-proteolytic pathways. PARs are widely expressed within the respiratory tract, and their activation appears to exert significant modulatory influences on the level of bronchomotor tone, as well as on the inflammatory processes associated with a range of respiratory tract disorders. Nevertheless, there is debate as to whether the principal response to PAR activation is an augmentation or attenuation of airways inflammation. In this context, an important action of PAR activators may be to promote the generation and release of prostanoids, such as prostglandin E(2), which have well-established anti-inflammatory effects in the lung. In this review, we primarily focus on the relationship between PARs, prostaglandins and inflammatory processes in the lung, and highlight their potential role in selected respiratory tract disorders, including pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Mitosis-specific Anchoring of γ Tubulin Complexes by Pericentrin Controls Spindle Organization and Mitotic Entry (2004)

Microtubule nucleation is the best known function of centrosomes. Centrosomal microtubule nucleation is mediated primarily by gamma tubulin ring complexes (gamma TuRCs). However, little is known about the molecules that anchor these complexes to centrosomes. In this study, we show that the centrosomal coiled-coil protein pericentrin anchors gamma TuRCs at spindle poles through an interaction with gamma tubulin complex proteins 2 and 3 (GCP2/3). Pericentrin silencing by small interfering RNAs in somatic cells disrupted gamma tubulin localization and spindle organization in mitosis but had no effect on gamma tubulin localization or microtubule organization in interphase cells. Similarly, overexpression of the GCP2/3 binding domain of pericentrin disrupted the endogenous pericentrin-gamma TuRC interaction and perturbed astral microtubules and spindle bipolarity. When added to Xenopus mitotic extracts, this domain uncoupled gamma TuRCs from centrosomes, inhibited microtubule aster assembly, and induced rapid disassembly of preassembled asters. All phenotypes were significantly reduced in a pericentrin mutant with diminished GCP2/3 binding and were specific for mitotic centrosomal asters as we observed little effect on interphase asters or on asters assembled by the Ran-mediated centrosome-independent pathway. Additionally, pericentrin silencing or overexpression induced G2/antephase arrest followed by apoptosis in many but not all cell types. We conclude that pericentrin anchoring of gamma tubulin complexes at centrosomes in mitotic cells is required for proper spindle organization and that loss of this anchoring mechanism elicits a checkpoint response that prevents mitotic entry and triggers apoptotic cell death.
CMOS Amperometric Instrumentation and Packaging for Biosensor Array Applications (2011)

An integrated CMOS amperometric instrument with on-chip electrodes and packaging for biosensor arrays is presented. The mixed-signal integrated circuit supports a variety of electrochemical measurement techniques including linear sweep, constant potential, cyclic and pulse voltammetry. Implemented in 0.5 μm CMOS, the 3 × mm(2) chip dissipates 22.5 mW for a 200 kHz clock. The highly programmable chip provides a wide range of user-controlled stimulus rate and amplitude settings with a maximum scan range of 2 V and scan rates between 1 mV/sec and 400 V/sec. The amperometric readout circuit provides ±500 fA linear resolution and supports inputs up to ±47 μA. A 2 × 2 gold electrode array was fabricated on the surface of the CMOS instrumentation chip. An all-parylene packaging scheme was developed for compatibility with liquid test environments as well as a harsh piranha electrode cleaning process. The chip was tested using cyclic voltammetry of different concentrations of potassium ferricyanide at 100 mV/s and 200 mV/s, and results were identical to measurements using commercial instruments.
Infrared imaging of buried objects by thermal step-function excitations (1995)

Sudden heating or cooling of a surface, by turning on or off radiation flux on the surface, is used as a means of enhancing the detection capability of buried objects by thermal infrared imaging. An experimental analysis of a sand-surface temperature is presented as a function of a buried object's composition and depth, and it is compared with theoretical simulations. Object identification by means of the geometry of isothermal contours and the rate of change of the surface temperature with radiant flux is discussed.
Giant magnetoresistance in single-layer graphene flakes with a gate-voltage-tunable weak antilocalization (2013)

A clear gate-voltage-tunable weak antilocalization and a giant magnetoresistance of \ensuremath{\sim}400$%$ are observed at 1.9 K in single-layer graphene with an out-of-plane field. A large magnetoresistance value of 275$%$ is obtained even at room temperature, implying potential applications of graphene in magnetic sensors. Both the weak antilocalization and giant magnetoresistance persists far away from the charge neutrality point, in contrast to previous reports, and both effects originate from charged impurities. Interestingly, the signatures of Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations and the quantum Hall effect are also observed for the same sample.
Cluster-Oriented Ensemble Classifier: Impact of Multicluster Characterization on Ensemble Classifier Learning (2011)

This paper presents a novel cluster-oriented ensemble classifier. The proposed ensemble classifier is based on original concepts such as learning of cluster boundaries by the base classifiers and mapping of cluster confidences to class decision using a fusion classifier. The categorized data set is characterized into multiple clusters and fed to a number of distinctive base classifiers. The base classifiers learn cluster boundaries and produce cluster confidence vectors. A second level fusion classifier combines the cluster confidences and maps to class decisions. The proposed ensemble classifier modifies the learning domain for the base classifiers and facilitates efficient learning. The proposed approach is evaluated on benchmark data sets from UCI machine learning repository to identify the impact of multicluster boundaries on classifier learning and classification accuracy. The experimental results and two-tailed sign test demonstrate the superiority of the proposed cluster-oriented ensemble classifier over existing ensemble classifiers published in the literature.
Rad23 and Rpn10 Serve as Alternative Ubiquitin Receptors for the Proteasome (2004)

The selective recognition of ubiquitin conjugates by proteasomes is a key step in protein degradation. The receptors that mediate this step have yet to be clearly defined although specific candidates exist. Here we show that the proteasome directly recognizes ubiquitin chains through a specific subunit, Rpn10, and also recognizes chains indirectly through Rad23, a reversibly bound proteasome cofactor. Both binding events can be observed in purified biochemical systems. A block substitution in the chain-binding ubiquitin interacting motif of RPN10 when combined with a null mutation in RAD23 results in a synthetic defect in protein degradation consistent with the view that the direct and indirect recognition modes function to some extent redundantly in vivo. Rad23 and the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp6 both bind proteasome subunit Rpn1 through N-terminal ubiquitin-like domains. Surprisingly, Rad23 and Ubp6 do not compete with each other for proteasome binding. Thus, Rpn1 may act as a scaffold to assemble on the proteasome multiple proteins that act to either bind or hydrolyze multiubiquitin chains.
Development of a biopolymeric keratoprosthetic material. Evaluation in vitro and in vivo. (1988)

Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we have determined that the optimal material for the central transparent portion of a perforating keratoprosthesis is a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer hydrogel. The material supports the maintenance and growth of corneal epithelium in vitro as shown by population doublings and transmission electron microscopy. Discs preseeded with epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and transplanted into rabbit corneas. The proliferation of these cells in vivo was demonstrated using 3H-thymidine. Other experiments showed that the preseeded cells not only migrated from the central disc onto the peripheral rim of the host cornea but also that host peripheral epithelial cells migrated onto the anterior surface of the disc. The experiments described in this paper demonstrate that corneal epithelial cells preseeded onto hydrogel discs and transplanted into rabbit corneas remain adherent and are capable of proliferating.