gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress on Hypervelocity Railgun Research for Launch to Space (2009)

The Universities of Texas, Minnesota, and New Orleans, and Texas Tech University are undertaking research supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research on critical issues for a launch to space from a railgun carried on an airborne platform. The University of Texas at Austin is studying techniques to achieve hypervelocity with a goal of 7 km/s: So far, 5.2 km/s has been achieved in a 7-m augmented railgun using a preinjected plasma armature. Texas Tech University is studying distributed power feed concepts that will improve the efficiency of launch for a long railgun: So far, 11 km/s has been achieved with a plasma arc in a five-stage system. The Universities of Minnesota and New Orleans are investigating the aerothermal behavior of a 10-kg projectile for flight from a high-altitude launch into orbit: So far, the results show that an acceptable amount (~ 15 mm) of nosetip ablation will occur. This paper provides an overview of progress in these areas; more details on specific topics are provided in companion papers.
2. ESTADO, CONSTITUIÇÃO E TOTALITARISMO: SOCIEDADE CONSTITUCIONAL DISFUNCIONAL NA METÁFORA DISTÓPICA DA OBRA 1984 DE ORWELL (2012)

Analysis of Orwell's 1984 work as a metaphor of a dystopian totalitarian society that dust the fiction discussed key issues of contemporary democracy. Introduce critical thinking about authoritarianism and totalitarianism and democracy institutes contrasted with Brazilian way of avoiding Authoritarian experiences as the military regime and discuss the Constitution, The constitutionalism and state.
Revenue, Ethics and Law (2006)

This chapter discusses certain issues that have to be addressed both by news organisations and by individuals responsible for the financial and legal soundness of online news work, namely journalists, advertising and management personnel. These include ways of financing websites through subscription and advertising, and the ethical and legal issues involved in online news publishing.
TAPE BLISTERS FOLLOWING HIP SURGERY (2003)

The prevalence of tape blisters was significantly lower when perforated cloth tape was used than it was when nonstretchable silk tape was used.
Surface modification of titanium with hydroxyapatite-heparin-BMP-2 enhances the efficacy of bone formation and osseointegration<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2014)

Surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and heparin (Hep)-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) complex (Ti/HAp/Hep/BMP-2) were prepared, and their efficacies on the enhancements of bone formation and osseointegration in vitro and in vivo were examined as compared to Ti/HAp and Ti/Hep/BMP-2. The modified surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle goniometry. In vitro studies revealed that MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell lines grown on Ti/HAp/Hep/BMP-2 increased the amounts of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and the levels of OCN mRNA gene expression as compared to those grown on Ti/HAp, Ti/Hep/BMP-2 or pristine Ti. Moreover, Ti/HAp/Hep/BMP-2 exhibited higher bone volume (BV), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), removal torque value and bone-implant contact (BIC) than Ti/HAp, Ti/Hep/BMP-2 or pristine Ti in vivo. Histological evaluations showed that many desirable features of bone remodelling existed at the interface between Ti/HAp/Hep/BMP-2 and the host bone. Consequently, Ti/HAp/Hep/BMP-2 may have potential for clinical use as dental or orthopaedic implants.
Surface plasmon resonance studies of the interaction between factor VII and tissue factor. Demonstration of defective tissue factor binding in a variant FVII molecule (FVII-R79Q) (1994)

The blood coagulation cascade is initiated when vessel injury allows factor VII (FVII) to form a complex with tissue factor (TF). Complete deficiency of FVII causes a lethal bleeding diathesis, but individuals with moderately reduced FVII levels are often asymptomatic. Some of these individuals have circulating partially functional FVII, as a result of point missense mutations in critical parts of the molecule. One such mutation has been reported at position 79 in the first epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domain of FVII, where an arginine residue has been replaced by glutamine. There is controversy as to whether or not this mutation reduces the affinity of the FVII/TF interaction compared to wild-type FVII. To address this problem, we have expressed recombinant FVII-R79Q and subjected it to detailed biochemical analysis. One-stage FVII:C assays show the variant FVII to have reduced activity with respect to the wild type. Rates of autoactivation and activation by FXa to the two-chain molecule were identical for wild-type and variant FVII. The Vmax for FX activation was lower for the mutant as measured using an amidolytic assay for FX activity. In contrast, the Km for FX was lower for the variant than the wild-type molecule. Peptidyl substrate hydrolysis was virtually identical for both variant and normal FVIIa in the presence and absence of TF. The variant has reduced affinity for TF as measured by surface plasmon resonance. FVII-R79Q has an association rate constant (kassoc) one-fifth of that of normal FVII, but a similar kdiss, resulting in a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for its cofactor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immune-mediated and unusual complications during interferon alfa therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1995)

PURPOSE Long-term treatment with interferon alfa (IFN alpha) can produce or exacerbate immune-mediated complications (IMC). The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience with IMC and unusual complications in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) undergoing IFN alpha treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The occurrence of IMC and unusual complications was evaluated in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive CML. RESULTS Well-documented and clinically evident complications developed in 35 patients after a median of 14 months of IFN alpha treatment. These included 28 (5%) of 581 patients with Ph-positive CML treated with IFN alpha-containing regimens at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) and seven patients referred for opinion or problems who were on other studies. Hypothyroidism occurred in 11 patients (2%), immune-mediated hemolysis in seven (1%), and connective tissue diseases in 11 (2%). Other unusual occurrences included congestive heart failure (CHF; n = 4), porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT; n = 3), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN; n = 1), and vitiligo (n = 1). IFN treatment was discontinued in 19 patients and the dose was reduced in five. Ten of 11 patients (91%) with immune-mediated hypothyroidism and eight of 11 (73%) with connective tissue diseases had some degree of cytogenetic response at the time of the event. CONCLUSION Although the frequency of IMC is low, patients treated with IFN alpha should be monitored for signs and symptoms of autoimmunity.
Elevated levels of thrombin‐generating microparticles in stored red blood cells (2013)

Our study provides evidence that MP formation due to RBC storage might propagate coagulation not only by exposing phosphatidylserine, but also by initiating thrombin generation independently of tissue factor in a FXI -dependent manner.
Four Serotypes of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Viruses Identified by Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies (1987)

Antigenic relationships among 20 strains of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) viruses isolated in Korea, China, U.S.S.R., Finland, Japan and U.S.A. were examined with rat immune sera, patient sera, eight monoclonal antibodies against the SR-11 strain and 10 monoclonal antibodies against the 76-118 strain. Antigen analyses by indirect immunofluorescent antibody and immune adherence haemagglutination tests using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that HRFS viruses may be divided into four serotypes, i.e. Apodemus (Type 1), Rattus (Type 2), Clethrionomys (Type 3) and Microtus (Type 4). Further, it was demonstrated that Type 1 could be divided into three subtypes and Type 3 into two subtypes. The two sets of monoclonal antibodies were useful for identification of the antigenic types of viruses isolated from patients in endemic areas.
Complexity of transformation-based optimizers and duplicate-free generation of alternatives (1996)

Transformation-based optimizers that explore a search space exhaustively usually apply all possible transformation rules on each alternative, and stop when no new information is produced. In general, different sequences of transformations may end up deriving the same element. The optimizer must detect and discard these duplicate elements. In this paper we consider two questions: How many duplicates are generated? And then, how can it be avoided? For the first question, our analysis shows that as queries get larger, the number of duplicates encountered is several times that of the new elements. And even for small queries, duplicates are generated more often than new elements. For the second question, we describe a technique to avoid generating duplicates, based on keeping track of (a summary of) the derivation history of each element in the search space.
Asymptotic limits in peak envelope power reduction by redundant coding in orthogonal frequency-division multiplex modulation (1998)

This paper uses some computational results to show that the peak envelope power (PEP) of orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (OFDM) waveforms can be reduced very substantially by coding to select only those messages with low peak factor as valid codewords in the scheme. It is shown that the asymptotic limit of the PEP is between two and three, and that only four bits of redundancy are necessary to limit the PEP to within 10% of this optimum value as the number of carriers becomes large.
Oxidation of aldoses with bromine (1962)

Rates of oxidation of aldoses with bromine h ave bee n reappraised and inte rpreted in th e light of present concepts of conformation and r ea ction m echanism. It is s ugges ted that differences in t he rates of ox idatio n of the a and /3 anomers are largely determin ed by differences in the fr ee energy req uired b y the reactants for passing from the ground state to the com plex in the transition state. Structures for t he a ldoses in th e ground states and in the transition states are postulated, a nd factors affectin g the energy required for reaching the transition states from t he gro und states are di sc ussed. The relative ra tes of ox idation are in accordance with the hy pothesis t hat cac h of th e a ldoses in the ground state has the conformation predicted by Reeves, and, in the transit ion state, has a conformation in which the oxygen atom of the C1-hydroxyl group lies in the plall e formed by t he r in g oxygen atom, C1, C2, and C5. Pres umably, this conformation is stabilized by resonance in vol ving the oxygen atom of th e r ing.
Utility of a Three‐Item Smell Identification Test in Detecting Olfactory Dysfunction (2005)

The brief three-item test used in this study was found to be highly sensitive in identifying olfactory loss in patients with chemosensory complaints, particularly those with severe dysfunction. Although only moderately specific, its high reliability and negative predictive value suggests it may be an appropriate screening test for olfactory loss.
LMR 16-a self-calibration procedure for a leaky network analyzer (1997)

A thru-match-reflect/line-match-reflect (TMR/LMR) self-calibration procedure based on the 16-term error model is shown. The error model takes into account all the leakage paths of a wafer prober, test fixture, and network analyzer. Simple closed-form calibration equations are presented. The method is very robust-zero leakage paths and symmetrical or matched-error networks can be handled equally well as more general cases. The algorithm is suitable for nonleaky network analyzers as well. The calibration is comprised of two-port measurement of the following standards: T(L), M-M, R-R, R-M, M-R. Two matched loads (M) are the only standards that have to be known in addition to the thru (T) or line (L). The reflection coefficient of the two identical reflection standards (R) is found in addition to the error parameters as in the normal TMR method. Experimental measurements with the LMR 16 have been made. All the possible combinations of five calibration standards for the 16-term error model are tabulated. The limitations of the super-thru-short-delay algorithm are defined for the first time.
An essential function of ribosomal protein S1 in mRNA translation (1983)

A gentle and efficient method for selectively removing S1 from ribosomes was developed: the S1-free translation system prepared from such ribosomes is stimulated 10-20-fold (depending on the mRNA) by a stoichiometric amount of added purified S1. With this system, we examined the activity of mono- and di-N-ethylmaleimide derivatives of S1 in protein synthesis using synthetic and natural mRNAs and electrophoretic analysis of the translation products. The results show that ribosomes containing such modified S1's are functionally active although at a somewhat lower level (50-80% activity). Since treatment of S1 with N-ethylmaleimide abolishes the helix-destabilizing ability of S1, we conclude that this ability is not primarily responsible for S1's biological function. A new model for the role of S1 is proposed on the basis of the physical, structural, and RNA-binding properties of S1.
Membrane Filtration of Corn Steep Water (2001)

ABSTRACT Membrane filtration is a cost‐effective alternative to heat pasteurization of corn steep water. Trials were done in an operating ethanol plant with commercial spiral‐wound modules. Flux increased with transmembrane pressure and became independent of pressure at >10 psi (69 kPa) with flux being higher at higher cross‐flow velocities. Average flux at 4× concentration factor over 24‐hr operating cycles was 34 L/m 2 /hr under optimum conditions. Capital cost of the membrane system is expected to be lower because it eliminates the heat pasteurizer and centrifuge and reduces cooling requirements. Operating cost of the microfilter are about one‐third of a heat pasteurization system and provides the opportunity to recover insoluble protein and starch for use in corn gluten feed. Microfiltered steep water could improve ethanol fermentation efficiency and reduce fouling of heat exchangers in the fermenters, beer still, and steep evaporators.
Implications of Metal Nanoparticles on Aquatic Fauna: A Review (2017)

Introduction: Nanomaterials are attractive because of these exhibits catalytic activity, optical, magnetic, electrically conducting properties and biological activities. Besides the potential economic values, the benefits offered by nanomaterials are expected to have significant impacts on almost all sectors of our society. The industries are releasing the nanoparticles into nearby water bodies like ponds, rivers, which causes toxicity to aquatic flora as well as fauna. Nanoparticles, especially which are prepared using heavy metals being toxic to organisms, ranging from phytoplankton (at the bottom of the food chain) to marine invertebrates such as oysters, snails and different types of fish, especially in their immature stages. Many species of fish and shellfish disrupts the ecosystem health on exposure to metals nanoparticles. Albeit, the academicians and researchers are trying to understand the toxicity of metal nanoparticles, particularly with respect to cascade pathways that lead to inflammatory responses, there is need to prepare and urgent implement laws to manage potential risks of nanomaterials which might become a major catastrophe in coming future. Conclusion: In the present review, the emphasis has given on the synthesis, characterization and toxic effects of metal nanoparticles on aquatic fauna and also the future tremendous prospects of these toxicants.
Fiber connections in the hypothalamus and some autonomic functions. (1975)

The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) belongs to area sympathica B of the SPH-System and its fibers to make up the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus and the hypothalamicotegmental tract. Blood glucose increases by rapid increase in active phosphorylase and G-6-Pase activities in liver following VMH stimulation. From the changes of ultrastructure of the hypophysis and the pancreas, GH, ACTH, LH, FSH and TSH (but not prolactin) are thought to be released by each releasing hormone increased by VMH stimulation. D cell hormone is also released and insulin is not released following VMH stimulation. The lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH) belongs to area parasympathica C of the SPH-System and its fibers to make up the medial forebrain bundle and stria medullaris. Blood glucose decreases by relatively rapid increase in glycogen synthetase activity in the liver following LH stimulation. From the changes of ultrastructure, GH, ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH and D cell hormone are not released, but prolaction and insulin are released following LH stimulation. By giving lesions in VMH or LH, some degenerated fibers could be seen in LH or VMH, homolaterally.
A Method of Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay Utilizing Polypropylene Discs (1970)

A new solid phase method of radioimmunoassay has been developed utilizing easily obtained, inexpensive discs of polypropylene. Study of the kinetics of binding of antibody to the discs revealed that binding capacity was related to pH as well as molarity of various buffers. In these solutions maximal binding is constantly achieved in 2 hr and persists in a stable state after lyophilization. This method has been used to assay serum HCG, LH and HPL. For serum LH the linear range of this assay method is from 4.2 to 52 μg/100 ml (radioimmunoassay, LER 907 standard) using NIH anti-HCG. For HPL the linear range is from 0.1 to 3 ng/ml of the 98% pure Lederle preparation. In contrast to the 3–5 days required for the double antibody method, this degree of sensitivity is obtained after only 18-hr incubation. Assay of HCG and HPL from the same serum samples obtained from 5 women at intervals from delivery to 3 days post partum confirmed that these hormones have different disappearance rates, the half-life being 20 min for HPL and 5 hr for HCG. Assay of LH in serum from menstruating women also yielded physiologic results, thus providing additional evidence for the specificity of the method.
Mosquito Saliva Serine Protease Enhances Dissemination of Dengue Virus into the Mammalian Host (2013)

Dengue virus (DENV), a flavivirus of global importance, is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. In this study, we developed in vitro and in vivo models of saliva-mediated enhancement of DENV infectivity. Serine protease activity in Aedes aegypti saliva augmented virus infectivity in vitro by proteolyzing extracellular matrix proteins, thereby increasing viral attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and inducing cell migration. A serine protease inhibitor reduced saliva-mediated enhancement of DENV in vitro and in vivo, marked by a 100-fold reduction in DENV load in murine lymph nodes. A saliva-mediated infectivity enhancement screen of fractionated salivary gland extracts identified serine protease CLIPA3 as a putative cofactor, and short interfering RNA knockdown of CLIPA3 in mosquitoes demonstrated its role in influencing DENV infectivity. Molecules in mosquito saliva that facilitate viral infectivity in the vertebrate host provide novel targets that may aid in the prevention of disease.
Ten Years' Experience with Alendronate for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women (2004)

The therapeutic effects of alendronate were sustained, and the drug was well tolerated over a 10-year period. The discontinuation of alendronate resulted in the gradual loss of its effects.
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Central Nervous System Tumors (2006)

Brain tumors are one of the most common neoplasms in young adults and are associated with a high mortality and disability rate. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely accepted to be the most sensitive imaging modality in the assessment of cerebral neoplasms. Because the detection, characterization, and exact delineation of brain tumors require a high lesion contrast that depends on the signal of the lesion in relation to the surrounding tissue, contrast media is given routinely. Anatomical and functional, contrast agent-based MRI techniques allow for a better differential diagnosis, grading, and especially therapy decision, planing, and follow-up. In this article, the basics of contrast enhancement of brain tumors will be reviewed. The underlying pathology of a disrupted blood-brain barrier and drug influences will be discussed. An overview of the currently available contrast media and the influences of dosage, field strength, and application on the tumor tissue contrast will be given. Challenging, contrast-enhanced, functional imaging techniques, such as perfusion MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, are presented both from the technical side and the clinical experience in the assessment of brain tumors. The advantages over conventional, anatomical MRI techniques will be discussed as well as possible pitfalls and drawbacks.
Functional analysis of pneumolysin by use of monoclonal antibodies (1996)

We have produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies to pneumolysin, the membrane-damaging toxin from Streptococcus pneumoniae. We have used these antibodies to identify three regions of the toxin sequence that are involved in the lytic mechanism of this toxin. Two of these sites probably form the cell binding site of this toxin. Antibodies to the third site inhibit the lytic action of this toxin but not the binding of this toxin to cells. This site is engaged in the oligomerization process involved in the formation of pores in cell membranes. Two of these epitopes are also present in the related toxin perfringolysin O.
Involvement of the 5-HT<sub>3</sub>receptor in CRH-induced defecation in rats (1998)

We evaluated the possibility that serotonin (5-HT) mediates defecation induced by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) exogenously administered or released from the central nervous system by stress via the 5-HT3 receptor in rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of CRH (1, 3, and 10 micrograms/rat) dose dependently increased the number of stools excreted in rats, whereas intravenous (i.v.) injection of up to 100 micrograms/kg CRH did not affect defecation. alpha-Helical CRH-(9-41) and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists ramosetron and azasetron inhibited CRH (10 micrograms i.c.v.)-induced defecation in a dose-dependent manner with ED50 values of 4.3 micrograms/kg i.v., 3.8 micrograms/kg p.o., and 70.4 micrograms/kg p.o., respectively. alpha-Helical CRH-(9-41) also inhibited CRH-induced defecation by i.c.v. injection with an ED50 value of 0.078 microgram/rat. In contrast, ramosetron and azasetron injected i.c.v. had no effect on CRH-induced defecation. alpha-Helical CRH-(9-41), ramosetron, and azasetron reduced defecation caused by restraint stress with ED50 values of 0.32, 3.6, and 19.7 micrograms/kg i.v., respectively. These results indicate that CRH exogenously administered or released from the central nervous system by stress peripherally promotes the release of 5-HT, which in turn stimulates defecation through the 5-HT3 receptor.