gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breaking the (Benford) Law (2007)

AbstractBenford's law is seeing increasing use as a diagnostic tool for isolating pockets of large datasets with irregularities that deserve closer inspection. Popular and academic accounts of campaign finance are rife with tales of corruption, but the complete dataset of transactions for federal campaigns is enormous. Performing a systematic sweep is extremely arduous; hence, these data are a natural candidate for initial screening by comparison to Benford's distributions.KEY WORDS : Data irregularitiesData miningFECFirst-digit distributionsPolitics
Benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones and<i>bis</i>(2-Carbamoyl)phenyl Diselenides as New Catalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Organic Compounds (1996)

Abstract Bis (2-carbamoyl)phenyl diselenides and benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones, particularly ebselen, have been found as new catalysts for hydrogen peroxide oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides, N,N-dimethylhydrazones into nitriles, and azines into carbonyl compounds.
Unbalanced dissimilar-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer: application as filter (1989)

An unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer made using dissimilar-fibre fused taper couplers is proposed for filtering applications. The all-fibre device is compact, rugged, simple to make and provides extended control and flexibility for the design of various types of filters.
Physics-informed neural networks for solving nonlinear diffusivity and Biot’s equations (2020)

This paper presents the potential of applying physics-informed neural networks for solving nonlinear multiphysics problems, which are essential to many fields such as biomedical engineering, earthquake prediction, and underground energy harvesting. Specifically, we investigate how to extend the methodology of physics-informed neural networks to solve both the forward and inverse problems in relation to the nonlinear diffusivity and Biot's equations. We explore the accuracy of the physics-informed neural networks with different training example sizes and choices of hyperparameters. The impacts of the stochastic variations between various training realizations are also investigated. In the inverse case, we also study the effects of noisy measurements. Furthermore, we address the challenge of selecting the hyperparameters of the inverse model and illustrate how this challenge is linked to the hyperparameters selection performed for the forward one.
Minimizing the impact of low interoperability between optical fingerprints sensors (2013)

In fingerprint recognition, interoperability is the ability of a system to work with a diverse set of fingerprint devices. Variations induced by fingerprint sensors include image resolution, scanning area, gray levels, etc. Such variations can impact (i) the quality of the extracted features, and (ii) cross-device matching performance. This is true even when dealing with fingerprint sensors of the same sensing technology (e.g. optical). Previous research did not provide a model to accommodate sensor distortions to increase cross-device matching performance. In this paper, we propose a method that increases interoperability in systems which deploy optical fingerprint sensors. We design and evaluate a set of characteristics suitable for measuring differences in fingerprint image acquisition. Further, we propose a classification scheme, which combines the defined features with match scores. The classification performance is evaluated on a set of fingerprints acquired using four different optical devices and scanned rolled ink prints, from approximately 500 subjects. Experimental results confirm the significant impact of low interoperability on match rates and show that the proposed approach is able to reduce cross-device match error rates by a significant margin.
A 7 level metallization with Cu damascene process using newly developed abrasive free polishing (2002)

A 7 level metallization including 4 levels of Cu metallization by the damascene technique is successfully developed using newly developed abrasive free polishing (AFP). This new AFP process reduced erosion and dishing, defect density, and improved TDDB lifetime of dielectric layers. We also improved corrosion resistance for Cu wiring. This process was used to fabricate a metallization structure of a new-cache memory chip consisting of 9-Mb 0.6-ns SRAMs and 200-K 25 ps ECL gate arrays. And this Cu metallization suppresses parasitic capacitance of interconnects and reduces clock wiring delay by 30%.
100-μsec pulsed CO<sub>2</sub>laser resurfacing of lower eyelids: erythema and rhytides reduction (1997)

Lower eyelid skin is very thin with a low density of adnexal structures. Attempts to remove rhytides and improve surface appearance with chemical peels and dermabrasion have been disappointing. Laser resurfacing offers a new modality that may improve the outcome. We evaluated a very short duration (100 microsecond(s) ec) pulsed carbon-dioxide laser (Tru-Pulse<SUP>TM</SUP>) in terms of healing time (duration of erythema) and efficacy (wrinkle reduction). Female patients aged 35 - 75 received laser resurfacing in a variety of cosmetic zones but only data from lower lids are reported here. Dosimetry varied from total fluences of 5 to 20 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (9 mm<SUP>2</SUP> spot, 250 - 500 mJ pulse, 1 to 4 passes). Patients followed a strict regime of post-op wound care. Pre-treatment and follow-up photographs were taken in a studio with constant photographic parameters. Projected 35 mm slides were evaluated side-by-side for clinical improvement and presence of erythema. Within the first 4 days post-op all (100%) lower eyelids exhibited erythema and swelling, at 7 days: 71%, 12 days: 60%, 3 weeks: 25%, and one (1) month or longer 7%. In our sample the longest duration of post-op lower lid erythema lasted 5 weeks. Most patients experienced 70 -80% wrinkle reduction with a range of 0 - 100%. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between percent wrinkle reduction and the treatment, demographic, and evaluation variables. There was a significant trend for wrinkles to improve over the 3 to 9 month evaluation period. Older patients improved slightly more than younger patients. There was no relationship between total energy density and wrinkle reduction.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of PAN Molecular Weight Increase in Precipitation Polymerization as a Function of H<sub>2</sub>O/DMSO Ratio (2010)

The precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out in a mixture solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water at <TEX>$50{\sim}65^{\circ}C$</TEX> using <TEX>${\alpha},{\alpha}'$</TEX>-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The increased molecular weight polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was prepared with increasing the <TEX>$H_2O$</TEX>/DMSO ratio from 10/90 to 80/20. The viscosity average molecular weight of <TEX>$H_2O$</TEX>/DMSO solvent was 4.4 times larger than that of <TEX>$H_2O$</TEX>/DMF solvent, and precipitation polymerization was accelerlated due to the far decreased chain transfer effect of DMSO. Based on the experimental results, the increased PAN molecular weight was regarded as the summation of two mechanisms: i) particle-particle aggregation and ii) particle-radical attachment. The theoretical equation derived from the mechanisms was well coincided with the experimental results showing the linear relationship between the viscosity average molecular weight and the H2O/DMSO ratio.
Serum Alpha-1-Protease Inhibitor Activity and Pulmonary Function in Young Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Subjects (1987)

Abnormalities of lung function have previously been described in patients with impaired alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) function and more recently in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that impaired alpha 1-PI activity may be implicated in the pathogenesis of lung function abnormalities in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Twelve young (16.23 +/- 4.51 years), non-smoking insulin-dependent diabetic subjects and 12 reference subjects were evaluated in respect of lung mechanics, absolute serum alpha 1-PI levels and the functional ability of alpha 1-PI to inhibit elastase. Results of the ventilatory mechanics showed that the mean value for the volume-independent index of lung elasticity Kst(L) was significantly greater in the diabetic group (0.149 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.116 +/- 0.03; p less than 0.05). The absolute serum alpha 1-PI levels in the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects was significantly lower than in reference subjects (1.74 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.06 +/- 0.09 g/l; p less than 0.05). While the specific alpha 1-PI activity of the diabetic sera showed no significant difference from that of the reference sera, the total alpha 1-PI inhibitory activity in the diabetic sera was significantly lower than reference values (201.9 +/- 9.7 vs. 246.9 +/- 13.5 U/L; p less than 0.02). Although these findings indicate impairment of both ventilatory mechanics and alpha 1-PI activity in the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, the pathogenesis of these findings and their functional implications are at present unknown.
‘A mercury with a winged conscience’: Marchamont nedham, monopoly and censorship (1998)

(1998). ‘A mercury with a winged conscience’: Marchamont nedham, monopoly and censorship. Media History: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 7-18.
Lessons learned in the creation of a data set for hard/soft information fusion (2009)

Lessons learned in the creation of a data set for hard/soft information fusion Citation Pravia, M.A. et al. “Lessons learned in the creation of a data set for hard/soft information fusion. ” Information Fusion, 2009.
[Recent advances in the clinical study of the renin system. Reference values and conditions of validity]. (1989)

Plasma renin activity, angiotensinogen, active renin and aldosterone concentrations and, 1 hour after addition of trypsin 1 mg per ml of plasma at -4 degrees C, prorenin and total renin concentrations were measured in 49 normotensive volunteers. Renin activity and active renin concentration were correlated (n = 98, r = 0.902, p less than 0.01) and their ratio was not dependent on the angiotensinogen concentration. Prorenin accounted for 90 per cent of total renin and was 40 per cent higher in males than in females in both supine and upright positions (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01). The change in position markedly increased plasma renin activity as well as active renin and aldosterone concentrations and, to a lesser degree, prorenin concentration, thereby raising the active/total renin ratio. Plasma renin activity, active renin concentration and plasma aldosterone concentration were significantly and negatively correlated with age, but not with urinary sodium excretion. Plasma renin activity and active renin and angiotensinogen concentrations were also measured in 14 patients with high angiotensinogen concentration (pregnant women and oestrogen users) and in 14 patients with cirrhosis and subnormal angiotensinogen concentration. In these patients the ratio of plasma renin activity to active renin concentration was correlated with the angiotensinogen concentration (n = 28, r = 0.643, p less than 0.01). The slope of the regression line between renin activity and active renin concentration was significantly different in patients with cirrhosis and in healthy volunteers, the measurement of renin activity leading to a ten-fold underestimation of active renin concentration. In clinical investigations of the renin system, plasma samples should be handled at room temperature to avoid cryoactivation of prorenin. The determination of active renin concentration should be preferred to that of plasma renin activity because it is not influenced by physiological or pathological variations in angiotensinogen.
THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS ON PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION (1991)

The effects of four doses of alcohol (0.25 g/kg-1 g/kg) and placebo on a standard test battery of cognitive and psychomotor performance are described. The tests included critical flicker fusion threshold, choice reaction time, tracking and memory scanning. The results of this experiment are compared with those of a number of similar studies which examined the effects of other psychoactive substances. Using relative effect sizes, the behavioural toxicity of alcohol is compared with the effects of these other drugs on psychomotor performance and cognitive function.
A Novel Algorithm for Translation, Rotation and Scale Invariant Character Recognition (2008)

This paper presents a novel algorithm, called Radial Sector Coding (RSC), for Translation, Rotation and Scale invariant character recognition. Translation invariance is obtained using Center of Mass (CoM). Scaling invariance is achieved by normalizing the features of characters. To obtain most challenging rotation invariance, RSC searches a rotation invariant Line of Reference (LoR) by exploiting the symmetry property for symmetric characters and Axis of Reference (AoR) for nonsymmetric characters. RSC uses the LoR to generate invariant topological features for different characters. The topological features are then used as inputs for a multilayer feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN). We test the proposed approach on two widely used English fonts Arial and Tahoma and got 98.6% recognition performance on average.
Nutrient composition of selected wheats and wheat products. VI. Distribution of manganese, copper, nickel, zinc, magnesium, lead, tin, cadmium, chromium, and selenium as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetry. (1970)

Magnesium and eight trace mineral elements, manganese, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, cadmium, and chromium, were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy in 11 known wheats or wheat blends, 20 commercially prepared flours from these wheats, and 25 specially prepared products from the flours. The same minerals were determined in ten consumer products from ten different cities. There was significant variation among the five hard wheats in their content of nickel, zinc, lead, tin, cadmium, and chromium. Manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, and chromium varied significantly in the four soft wheat samples, most of the variation being contributed by a single low mineral wheat. The concentration of manganese, copper, zinc, and magnesium were about the same or lower and nickel, tin, cadmium, and chromium higher in the cake and crackers than in the respective flour from which they were made. Although there were significant variations in the lead, cadmium, and chromium concentrations in most of the market samples of consumer products there was no discernible effect of geographic location on the general mineral content of these products. Whole-wheat consumer products contained greater concentrations of manganese, copper, zinc, magnesium, and chromium than did products made from white flour. The selenium content of amore » small group of wheat blends and products was determined by a colorimetric method. 8 references, 7 tables.« less
A Systematic Review of Ligustrazine Injection for Acute Ischaemic Stroke (2006)

ObjectiveTo evaluate efficacy and safety of Ligustrazine Injection for acute ischaemic stroke.MethodsRandomized controlled trails(RCTs) of Ligustrazine Injection for acute ischaemic stroke were identified,eligible studies were included, the methodological quality of inclusive trails was assessed by Jadad scale.Heterogeneity test,Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to analyse data.ResultsFour RCTs were included,with all trails of low methodological quality.Ligustrazine injection vs no-treatment control,Meta-analysis indicated that relative risk of overall effective rate was 1.45[99%CI(1.24,1.70)],weighted mean difference of improving neurological impairment was-4.98[99%CI(-8.21,-1.74)].Sensitivity analysis indicated that result of Meta-analysis was credible.ConclusionThis systematic review showed that Ligustrazine Injection is effective for acute ischaemic stroke;safety is unclear.However,the evidence is not strong due to the general low methodological quality.To determinately evaluate efficacy and safety of Ligustrazine Injection for acute ischaemic stroke,more rationally designed and strictly executed RCTs with large samples are necessary.
Between the lines (1985)

As I wrote in my last annual report, this will be my last annual report. The College Authorities made me an offer, under the Terms of Endearment Accelerated Retirement Scheme (TEARS), whose refusal my accountant cannot countenance. Frankly, I shall not be sorry. In recent years, in this country hitherto publicly funded learning centres, and centres of learning, have suffered the greatest blow to intellectual vitality inflicted at the ideological whim of one political leader, since the Maoist Red Guards were unleashed 20 years ago. I have no wish to preside over the further decline of morale standards among the young professionals, or Yuppies as we may learn to call them, on my staff.
Digoxin homogeneous enzyme immunoassay using high-performance liquid chromatographic column switching with amperometric detection (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDigoxin homogeneous enzyme immunoassay using high-performance liquid chromatographic column switching with amperometric detectionD. Scott. Wright, H. Brian. Halsall, and William R. HeinemanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 14, 2995–2998Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00127a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00127a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic delineation of Gd enhancements on magnetic resonance images in multiple sclerosis (2002)

A method for automatic identification and delineation of contrast-enhanced multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on brain magnetic resonance images is described. This method relies on adaptive local segmentation derived from the morphological "open" and "reconstruction" operations on gray scale images for identification of both lesion and nonlesion enhancements. Nonlesion enhancements from vasculature and extrameningeal tissues are identified by exploiting their topologic relationship to the brain mask. Enhancing structures without a blood-brain-barrier, such as choroid plexus, are identified and eliminated by spatially mapping the locations of the MS lesions visualized on dual echo images onto the post-contrast images. Delineation of enhancements is realized using fuzzy connectivity. Both the detection and delineation results are validated using statistical methods.
Androgen Receptor Phosphorylation (1993)

Many physiological processes in organisms are regulated by a relatively small\\nnumber of steroid honnones. Androgens are the so-called male sex steroid\\nhormones which control growth, differentiation and functions of male\\nreproductive and accessory sex tissues. Androgens are mainly produced in the\\ntestis and circulate in the blood. They diffuse in and out of all cells, but are\\nretained with high affinity and specificity in target cells by an intranuclear\\nbinding protein, termed the androgen receptor. Once bound by androgens, the\\nandrogen receptor undergoes a conformational change allowing the receptor to\\nbind with high affinity to DNA and to modulate transcription of certain genes.\\nThe androgen receptor appears to be a transcription factor, regulated by\\nandrogenic steroids. Phosphorylation is the predominant cellular mechanism for\\nreversible modification of proteins, and the fact that many transcription factors\\nare phosphoproteins suggests a regulatory role of phosphorylation. In this thesis,\\nstudies on phosphorylation of the androgen receptor in human prostate tumor\\ncells (LNCaP) are described. In LNCaP cells, the androgen receptor protein is\\npresent as two isofonlls with apparent molecular masses of 110 and 112 kDa\\nduring SDS-PAGE. The 112 kDa isoform reflects the phosphorylated receptor,\\nwhereas the 110 kDa isoform is the non-phosphorylated receptor. Both isoforms\\nare able to bind androgens with high affinity and can subsequently be\\ntransformed to the DNA binding form. It appears to be unlikely that\\nphosphorylation is involved in the regulation of steroid- or DNA binding\\naffinity. Upon incubation of the prostate tumor cells with androgens, the\\nphosphOlylation degree of the androgen receptor was rapidly increased. Multiple\\nphosphorylation sites on serine residues are located in the N-terminal f/\\'al/~activation\\ndomain and not in the DNA- and ligand binding domains. Tryptic\\nphosphopeptide maps of the androgen receptor show induction of phosphorylation at a novel site(s) by hormone treatment. It is proposed that this\\nextra phosphorylation in the N-terminal domain causes a conformational change,\\nenabling protein-protein contacts of the trails-activation domain with other\\ntranscription factors or co-activators on a target gene promoter.
An Assessment Primer (1992)

Over the last five to seven years, assessment has evolved into a highly effective, user-friendly tool for strengthening undergraduate education. This article explains, in simple terms, how assessment may be undertaken, what purposes it serves, what methods are available, and what the emerging trends seem to be.
Ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose-cationic surfactant interactions: electrical conductivity, self-diffusion and time-resolved fluorescence quenching investigations (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose-cationic surfactant interactions: electrical conductivity, self-diffusion and time-resolved fluorescence quenching investigationsR. Zana, W. Binana-Limbele, N. Kamenka, and B. LindmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 13, 5461–5465Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100192a050https://doi.org/10.1021/j100192a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts