gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Cellulosome System of <i>Acetivibrio cellulolyticus</i> Includes a Novel Type of Adaptor Protein and a Cell Surface Anchoring Protein (2003)

A scaffoldin gene cluster was identified in the mesophilic cellulolytic anaerobe Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. The previously described scaffoldin gene, cipV, encodes an N-terminal family 9 glycoside hydrolase, a family 3b cellulose-binding domain, seven cohesin domains, and a C-terminal dockerin. The gene immediately downstream of cipV was sequenced and designated scaB. The protein encoded by this gene has 942 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 100,358 and includes an N-terminal signal peptide, four type II cohesions, and a C-terminal dockerin. ScaB cohesins 1 and 2 are very closely linked. Similar, but not identical, 39-residue Thr-rich linker segments separate cohesin 2 from cohesin 3 and cohesin 3 from cohesin 4, and an 84-residue Thr-rich linker connects the fourth cohesin to a C-terminal dockerin. The scaC gene downstream of scaB codes for a 1,237-residue polypeptide that includes a signal peptide, three cohesins, and a C-terminal S-layer homology (SLH) module. A long, ca. 550-residue linker separates the third cohesin and the SLH module of ScaC and is characterized by an 18-residue Pro-Thr-Ala-Ser-rich segment that is repeated 27 times. The calculated molecular weight of the mature ScaC polypeptide (excluding the signal peptide) is 124,162. The presence of the cohesins and the conserved SLH module implies that ScaC acts as an anchoring protein. The ScaC cohesins are on a separate branch of the phylogenetic tree that is close to, but distinct from, the type I cohesins. Affinity blotting with representative recombinant probes revealed the following specific intermodular interactions: (i) an expressed CipV cohesin binds selectively to an enzyme-borne dockerin, (ii) a representative ScaB cohesin binds to the CipV band of the cell-free supernatant fraction, and (iii) a ScaC cohesin binds to the ScaB dockerin. The experimental evidence thus indicates that CipV acts as a primary (enzyme-recognizing) scaffoldin, and the protein was also designated ScaA. In addition, ScaB is thought to assume the role of an adaptor protein, which connects the primary scaffoldin (ScaA) to the cohesin-containing anchoring scaffoldin (ScaC). The cellulosome system of A. cellulolyticus thus appears to exhibit a special type of organization that reflects the function of the ScaB adaptor protein. The intercalation of three multiple cohesin-containing scaffoldins results in marked amplification of the number of enzyme subunits per cellulosome unit. At least 96 enzymes can apparently be incorporated into an individual A. cellulolyticus cellulosome. The role of such amplified enzyme incorporation and the resultant proximity of the enzymes within the cellulosome complex presumably contribute to the enhanced synergistic action and overall efficient digestion of recalcitrant forms of cellulose. Comparison of the emerging organization of the A. cellulolyticus cellulosome with the organizations in other cellulolytic bacteria revealed the diversity of the supramolecular architecture.
Inhibition of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Neoplasia of the Large Intestine in Female CF 1 Mice by Carbon Disulfide: Brief Communication 2 (1978)

We shed light on the Hartwick rule for capital accumulation and resource depletion by providing semantic clarifications and investigating the implications and relevance of this rule. We extend earlier results by establishing that the Hartwick rule does not indicate sustainability and does not require substitutability between man-made and naturalcapital. We use a new class of simple counterexamples (i) to obtain the novel finding that a negative value of net investments need not entail that utility is unsustainable, and (ii) to point out deficiencies in the literature.
Extension Classified Prediction Used in Predicting Monthly Average Temperature of Cities (2008)

This paper presents a new method of prediction -- extension classified prediction, it is used to predict monthly average temperature of cities. The historical data of the monthly average temperature of cities and precipitation of cities and sunshine hours of cities are used to establish classified classics field and node field element. The dependent function of material element and extension set are applied to establish prediction model. The prediction results can be obtained by means of classified analysis. Through analyzing and calculating the real data of a certain city, the results show that extension classified prediction is effective in predicting monthly average temperature of cities.
Minimal Nonlinear Distortion Principle for Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (2008)

It is well known that solutions to the nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA) problem are highly non-unique. In this paper we propose the “minimal nonlinear distortion” (MND) principle for tackling the ill-posedness of nonlin-ear ICA problems. MND prefers the nonlinear ICA solution with the estimated mixing procedure as close as possible to linear, among all possible solutions. It also helps to avoid local optima in the solutions. To achieve MND, we ex-ploit a regularization term to minimize the mean square error between the nonlinear mixing mapping and the best-fitting linear one. The effect of MND on the inherent trivial and non-trivial indeterminacies in nonlinear ICA solu-tions is investigated. Moreover, we show that local MND is closely related to the smoothness regularizer penalizing large curvature, which provides another useful regularization condition for nonlinear ICA. Experiments on synthetic data show the usefulness of the MND principle for separating various nonlin-ear mixtures. Finally, as an application, we use nonlinear ICA with MND to separate daily returns of a set of stocks in Hong Kong, and the linear causal relations among them are successfully discovered. The resulting causal rela-tions give some interesting insights into the stock market. Such a result can not be achieved by linear ICA. Simulation studies also verify that when doing causality discovery, sometimes one should not ignore the nonlinear distortion in the data generation procedure, even if it is weak.
Ultrafast Imaging using Spectral Resonance Modulation (2016)

CCD cameras are ubiquitous in research labs, industry, and hospitals for a huge variety of applications, but there are many dynamic processes in nature that unfold too quickly to be captured. Although tradeoffs can be made between exposure time, sensitivity, and area of interest, ultimately the speed limit of a CCD camera is constrained by the electronic readout rate of the sensors. One potential way to improve the imaging speed is with compressive sensing (CS), a technique that allows for a reduction in the number of measurements needed to record an image. However, most CS imaging methods require spatial light modulators (SLMs), which are subject to mechanical speed limitations. Here, we demonstrate an etalon array based SLM without any moving elements that is unconstrained by either mechanical or electronic speed limitations. This novel spectral resonance modulator (SRM) shows great potential in an ultrafast compressive single pixel camera.
The cobT gene of Salmonella typhimurium encodes the NaMN: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase responsible for the synthesis of N1-(5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, an intermediate in the synthesis of the nucleotide loop of cobalamin (1994)

We present in vitro evidence which demonstrates that CobT is the nicotinate nucleotide:5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB) phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.21) that catalyzes the synthesis of N1-(5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, a biosynthetic intermediate of the pathway that assembles the nucleotide loop of cobalamin in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutants previously isolated as DMB auxotrophs are shown by physical and genetic mapping studies and complementation studies to carry lesions in cobT. Explanations for this unexpected phenotype of cobT mutants are discussed. The expected nucleotide loop assembly phenotype of cobT mutants can be observed only in a specific genetic background, i.e., cobB deficient, an observation that is consistent with the existence of an alternative CobT function (G. A. O'Toole, M. R. Rondon, and J. C. Escalante-Semerena, J. Bacteriol. 175:3317-3326, 1993). Computer analysis of CobT homologs showed that at the amino acid level, enteric CobT proteins were 80% identical whereas Pseudomonas denitrificans and Rhizobium meliloti CobT proteins were 95% identical. Interestingly, the degree of identity between enteric and nonenteric CobT homologs was only 30%. The same pattern of homologies was reported for the S. typhimurium CobA, Escherichia coli BtuR, and P. denitrificans CobO proteins (S.-J. Suh and J.C. Escalante-Semerena, Gene 129:93-97, 1993), suggesting evolutionary divergence between the cob genes found in the enteric bacteria E. coli and S. typhimurium and those found in P. denitrificans and R. meliloti.
Viewpoint: competitiveness and the community college (2008)

Bill Green is living proof that community colleges can lead to a great career. In this ?Viewpoint, ? he makes the case that they also can help U.S. business maintain its competitive edge while improving the economic resilience of local communities.
A blue electroluminescent molecular device from a tetranucluear zinc(ii) compound [Zn4O(AID)6] (AID = 7-azaindolate) (1998)

A tetranuclear zinc(II) compound with 7-azaindolate (AID) as a bridging ligand exhibits an intense blue emission at 425 nm with a quantum yield of 0.21 in acetonitrile solution at room temperature; a blue-light emitting diode based on the Zn(II) complex as the active emitting layer attains an EL efficiency of 0.25% and brightness of 88 cd m–2 at 7.1 V driving voltage with current density of 10 mA cm–2.
Domains and active domains: what this distinction implies for the estimation of projection sizes in relational databases (1995)

Database optimizers require statistical information about data distributions in order to evaluate result sizes and access plan costs for processing user queries. In this context, we consider the problem of estimating the size of the projections of a database relation, when measures on attribute domain cardinalities are maintained in the system. Our main theoretical contribution is a new formal model, the AD (active domain) model, which is valid under the hypotheses of attribute independence and uniform distribution of attribute values, derived considering the difference between the time-invariant domain (the set of values that an attribute can assume) and the time-dependent ("active") domain (the set of values that are actually assumed, at a certain time). Early models developed under the same assumptions are shown to be formally incorrect. Since the AD model is computationally highly demanding, we also introduce an approximate, easy-to-compute model, the A/sup 2/D (approximate active domain) model that, unlike previous approximations, yields low errors on all the parameter space of the active domain cardinalities. Finally, we extend the A/sup 2/D model to the case of nonuniform distributions and present experimental results confirming the good behavior of the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The national environment protection council (1994)

In this article we look at what has been happening in recent times at the national level to coordinate a national approach to environmental management.
Incorporation of Benzocyclobutene into Polystyrene Allowing Postpolymerizer Chain Extension/Branching (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIncorporation of Benzocyclobutene into Polystyrene Allowing Postpolymerizer Chain Extension/BranchingS. L. Delassus, B. A. Howell, C. J. Cummings, V. A. Dais, R. M. Nelson, and D. B. PriddyCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 6, 1307–1312Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00084a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00084a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Understanding the Variation in the Millimeter-Wave Emission of Venus (1992)

Recent observations of the millimeter-wave emission from Venus at 112 GHz (2.6 mm) have shown significant variations in the continuum flux emission that may be attributed to the variability in the abundances of absorbing constituents in the Venus atmosphere. Such constituents include gaseous H2SO4, SO2, and liquid sulfuric acid (cloud condensates). Recently, Fahd and Steffes have shown that the effects of liquid H, SO4, and gaseous SO2 cannot completely account for this measured variability in the millimeter-wave emission of Venus. Thus, it is necessary to study the effect of gaseous H2SO4 on the millimeter-wave emission of Venus. This requires knowledge of the millimeter-wavelength (MMW) opacity of gaseous H2SO4, which unfortunately has never been determined for Venus-like conditions. We have measured the opacity of gaseous H2SO4 in a CO2 atmosphere at 550, 570, and 590 K, at 1 and 2 atm total pressure, and at a frequency of 94.1 GHz. Our results, in addition to previous centimeter-wavelength results are used to verify a modeling formalism for calculating the expected opacity of this gaseous mixture at other frequencies. This formalism is incorporated into a radiative transfer model to study the effect of gaseous H2SO4 on the MMW emission of Venus.
Stacked-diode electroabsorption modulator (1994)

We present a n-i (multiple quantum well [MQW])-p-i(MQW)-n device wherein the n contacts are tied together and biased with respect to the p contact to form an electroabsorptive modulator. Since the light passes through both MQWs large electroabsorption is obtained with lowered voltages since the field is applied in parallel to both MQWs. In particular, wide optical bandwidth is obtained at moderate voltages since high fields may be applied resulting in large Stark shifts of the MQWs. We measure a change in reflectivity greater than 40 percent over a optical bandwidth of 20 nm for 0-14 volts operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A simple apparatus for the measurement of the Cotton-Mouton effect in particulate suspensions (1997)

An apparatus has been constructed for the practical realization of the Cotton-Mouton effect in colloidal suspensions. Measurements of the magnetically induced birefringence in such media, using a medium power argon-ion laser operating at a wavelength of 515 nm, have been made for variable magnetic field intensities up to 2.5 T. Data have been recorded on the four pure liquids-nitrobenzene, carbon disulphide, acetone, and benzene. The system has been primarily designed for studies on colloidal media for which the Cotton-Mouton effect can be large, thereby requiring relatively low intensity magnetic fields. Data for bentonite and vermiculite are reported, which demonstrate the ease and validity of such measurements for colloid characterization. These are the first known data on suspensions of vermiculite clay. Furthermore, the influence of any stray Faraday effect is examined.
Object detection with sliding window in images including multiple similar objects (2017)

Given an image containing an object of interest, the object can be detected by comparing the feature points in the given image with those in a reference object image. In a case where the given image contains a large number of similar objects, the object of interest is difficult to be detected. It is because the feature points in the given image are concentrated in some regions where each region has a drastic change in the intensity of points. One of the methods to overcome the problem of the feature concentrating is to increase the limitation in the number of feature points to be used for the detection. However, this causes more computational load. Alternatively, the resolution of the image can be lowered, but this method decreases the accuracy of detection. In this paper, in order to detect the object of interest in an image with multiple similar objects, a sliding window for feature matching is used. The sliding window is optimized in size for better performance of the object detection. As a practical example, a service that visualizes the location of a desired book in a library is considered. The image for feature matching is obtained from high-resolution CCTVs which are connected to a cloud server that has databases of book title images. This service can be extended to visualize the location of the object to the users, using augmented reality (AR) technology on a mobile platform of a smart phone or smart glasses. The presented method for this service is experimentally evaluated.
Word Sense Disambiguation based on Term to Term Similarity in a Context Space (2004)

This paper describes the exemplar based approach presented by UNED at Senseval-3. Instead of representing contexts as bags of terms and defining a similarity measure between contexts, we propose to represent terms as bags of contexts and define a similarity measure between terms. Thus, words, lemmas and senses are represented in the same space (the context space), and similarity measures can be defined between them. New contexts are transformed into this representation in order to calculate their similarity to the candidate senses. We show how standard similarity measures obtain better results in this framework. A new similarity measure in the context space is proposed for selecting the senses and performing disambiguation. Results of this approach at Senseval-3 are here reported.
Utility Wind Integration and Operating Impact State of the Art (2007)

In only six years, from 2000 to 2006, wind energy has become a significant resource on many electric utility systems, with nearly 74 000 MW of nameplate capacity installed worldwide at the end of 2006. Wind energy is now "utility scale" and can affect utility system planning and operations for both generation and transmission. The utility industry in general, and transmission system operators in particular, are beginning to take note. At the end of 2005, the Power Engineering Society (PES) published a special issue of its Power & Energy Magazine that focused on integrating wind into the power system. This paper provides a summary and update on many of the salient points from that special issue about the current state of knowledge regarding utility wind integration issues.
Cross-influence between the two servo loops of a fully stabilized Er:fiber optical frequency comb (2012)

We present a study of the impact of the cross-coupling between the two servo loops used to stabilize the repetition rate frep and the carrier-envelope offset (CEO) frequency fCEO in a commercial Er:fiber frequency comb, based on the combination of experimental measurements and a model of the coupled loops. The developed theoretical model enables us to quantify the influence of the servo-loop coupling on an optical comb line, by simulating the hypothetic case where no coupling would be present. Numerical values for the model were obtained from an extensive characterization of the comb, in terms of frequency noise and dynamic response to a modulation applied to each actuator, for both frep and fCEO. To validate the model, the frequency noise of an optical comb line at 1.56 μm was experimentally measured from the heterodyne beat between the comb and a cavity-stabilized ultranarrow-linewidth laser and showed good agreement with the calculated noise spectrum. The coupling between the two stabilization loops results in a more than 10-fold reduction of the comb mode frequency noise power spectral density in a wide Fourier frequency range.
Recent Advances in the Design and Construction of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines (1996)

This paper discusses the reasons for the use of axial flux brushless dc machines (BDCMs) in particular applications. A specific axial flux machine design for wheel drive in a solar electric vehicle is introduced. Its losses are discussed in detail and steps taken to reduce these for a production model are described. Detailed finite element analysis is described which has resulted in the control of slot induced flux ripple, indicated by high levels of cogging torque and parasitic iron loss in the prototype.
Structure and Function of the Red Blood Cell Anion Transport Protein (1989)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Regression testing of GUI event interactions (1996)

Graphics user interface (GUI) design is an expected part of almost every contemporary software or computer project, and yet the testing is usually approached in an ad hoc fashion. The reason GUI testing is different and difficult is that the input is interactive whereas the output may be graphical or may be an event. An especially serious problem occurs in maintenance where changes are made to the GUI interface, and the maintenance engineer does not have a sufficient understanding of how the GUI software was designed; in this case, an automated GUI testing method is needed. The paper identifies both static and dynamic event interactions in a GUI, and shows how automated regression tests can be generated to test these interactions. It is shown how Latin Squares can be used for this automated test design, where Latin Squares techniques are borrowed from statistical experimental design. Three methods are compared: brute force test generation, random test generation and the use of Latin Squares, comparing the number of tests required to cover specified GUI event interactions in each case.