gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smooth high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> Y1Ba2Cu3O<i>x</i> films by laser deposition at 650 °C (1988)

Superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3Ox films 300 nm thick with local surface roughness &lt;5 nm have been prepared by laser deposition at 650 °C and subsequent heat treatments at 450 °C; highest zero resistance temperature was above 85 K. Smooth topography and low-temperature processing are crucial for device fabrication. These films are crack-free and density of particles with &gt;1 μm diameter was &lt;10/cm2. We suggest that an effective increase in surface temperature and deposition directly in the orthorhombic phase contributes to film quality.
Growth inhibitory effect of TPT on HL-60 cells (2008)

Aim:To investigate the Inhibitory effect of TPT on HL-60 cells proliferation.Methods:With different concentration of topotecon(0.05 μmol/L,0.10 μmol/L,0.15 μmol/L,0.20 μmol/L and control group),the HL-60 cells were incubated for 4 h,8 h,12 h,16 h,respectively.The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation is assayed by MTT assay.Then,optimal concentration and time was found.At the same time,growth appearance and morphology of the cells were observed with microscope.Results:The morphology of HL-60 cell changed after the treatment of TPT,such as HL-60 cellcolony decreasing,while the cells granule and fragments increased.On the same time spot,the inhibition effect of TPT on HL-60 cells was strengthened with the increase of concentrations.For the same concentration of TPT on different time spot,the inhibition effect of TPT on HL-60 cells was strengthened with the increase of time expansion.The optimal concentration was 0.15 μmol/L of TPT and the optimal time was 12 h among all groups.Conclusion:TPT is able to inhibit the HL-60 cells growth by time-and dose-dependent manners.
Molecular Imaging of <i>In Vivo</i> Gene Expression (2010)

Molecular imaging provides spatial and temporal information on cellular changes that occur during development and in disease. MRI and optical imaging of reporter genes allows for the visualization of promoter activity, protein–protein interactions, protein stability and the tracking of individual proteins and cells. Reporter genes can be genetically encoded in transgenic animals or detected through the administration of an exogenous contrast agent. Advances in molecular imaging of reporter genes have led to the development of imaging probes that detect changes in endogenous cellular changes. The ability to use contrast agents coupled with functional information on cellular events will allow for sensitive assessment of individual patient therapies, leading to an accurately tailored treatment regimen.
Palladium-catalyzed vinylic substitution reactions of N-vinyl amides (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed vinylic substitution reactions of N-vinyl amidesCarl B. Ziegler Jr. and Richard F. HeckCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 15, 2949–2952Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00409a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00409a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views875Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
AW-RBAC: Access Control in Adaptive Workflow Systems (2011)

Flexibility is one of the key challenges for Workflow Systems nowadays. Typically, a workflow covers the following four aspects which might all be subject to change: control flow, data flow, organizational structures, and application components (services). Existing work in research and practice shows that changes must be applied in a controlled manner in order to avoid security problems. In this context, attempts have been made to manage administrative or operative changes using role-based access control (RBAC) models. However, most approaches focus on either administrative changes such as role updating and administration or operative changes, for example, inserting a new activity into a running workflow instance. The distinct handling of certain changes is cumbersome and hence should be reduced by introducing a RBAC model that pays attention to all kinds of possible workflow changes. Hence, in this paper, we present an extended RBAC model for adaptive workflow systems (AW-RBAC) that includes change operations and a variety of objects that are subject to change within workflow systems. Under such a model supervised administrative and operative changes can be enforced on a set of objects in workflow systems. Doing so, the AW-RBAC model improves security during workflow changes and reduces administration costs. The AW-RBAC model is evaluated by means of practical examples and a proof-of-concept implementation.
Change of electrical properties of CIGS thin-film solar cells after structuring with ultrashort laser pulses (2011)

Low-damage laser scribing of thin films to perform series interconnection (external and integrated) of thin-film CIGS solar cells for module fabrication is still a challenge. In consequence, the influence of laser scribing parameters on the electrical characteristics of thin-film CIGS solar cells must be studied in addition to standard analytical techniques for imaging and spectroscopy. Hence, CIGS solar cells were scribed with ultrashort Ti:Sapphire laser pulses with a wavelength of 775 nm and a pulse length of 150 fs. The I-V curves with the open circuit voltage, parallel, and series resistance were measured directly after the laser-scribing process and were compared with initial cell parameters. Apart from studying the influence of laser fluence etc. also various laser-scribing geometries were examined. The most significant effect of the laser-scribing procedure can be found for the parallel resistance. Laser ablation and laser-induced material modifications during scribing results in (i) alterations of the material properties of the films, e.g. the CIGS, and (ii) material modifications outside of the laser scribe, where the interfaces, e.g. p-n junction, primarily are effected; both effects are leading to the sudden decrease in parallel resistance. Morphology, topography, geometry and material modifications of the laser-scribed areas were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and focused ion beam (FIB) cross sectioning. The results of the laserscribing induced alterations are discussed in relation to the applied scribing parameters. A model is introduced to improve the understanding of the physical reasons of the measured solar cell degradation while scribing.
Error analysis for encoding a qubit in an oscillator (2006)

In , Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill described a method to encode a qubit in the continuous Hilbert space of an oscillator's position and momentum variables. This encoding provides a natural error-correction scheme that can correct errors due to small shifts of the position or momentum wave functions (i.e., use of the displacement operator). We present bounds on the size of correctable shift errors when both qubit and ancilla states may contain errors. We then use these bounds to constrain the quality of input qubit and ancilla states.
Commercial successes in power storage (2005)

Large capacity electricity storage systems are in daily use around the world, helping to stabilize the electricity delivery infrastructure and minimize the cost of meeting peak-load requirements. These systems typically operate on a diurnal basis: charging with inexpensive utility energy at night and discharging during periods of peak load demand. Notable successes in electric power storage include medium voltage power quality-UPS (uninterruptible power supply) systems, delivering up to 16 MW, used to safeguard entire industrial facilities and recently commissioned Golden Valley Electric Association battery energy storage system (GVEA BESS), the most power battery system, discharging up to 46 MW and with a specified run time of 15 min. The common factor in these successes is that the storage devices work with, rather than compete against conventional generation. This article describes the functions of these systems and examines other emerging applications in power storage, such as the stabilization of wind farm output. It also addresses other power storage technologies that are achieving commercial successes, such as flywheels and supercapacitors.
Real-Time Observation of Electron-Beam Induced Mass Transport in Strained InGaAs/AlGaAs Layers on GaAs (100) and (311)B Substrates (1999)

We have studied surface deformation due to electron-beam irradiation in strained InGaAs/AlGaAs layers grown on GaAs (100) and (311)B planes in a horizontal low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy system at about 800°C. The surface deformation was observed in real time using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 300,000. The surface deformation occurred from the inside of InGaAs/AlGaAs grown layer under the electron-beam irradiated area with the accelerating voltage of 30 kV and the scanning time ranging from 60 to 120 s. The surface deformation was not consist of amorphous-carbon contamination. The mass transport seems to be caused by the residual strain relaxation due to electron-beam irradiation.
Formation of oligosaccharides during enzymatic lactose hydrolysis and their importance in a whey hydrolysis process: Part II: Experimental (1987)

Enzymatic lactose hydrolysis using two yeast and two fungal lactases that are of current technical interest was studied. The enzymes were compared regarding their oligosaccharide production. Parameters influencing oligosaccharide formation, together with the effect of immobilization were examined and conditions minimizing oligosaccharide content in the hydrolysis product were proposed. Enzymatic whey hydrolysis was also considered. A possibility of enzymatic lactose recombination from its hydrolysis products was shown.
Inductor-less, capacitor-less state-variable electrothermal filters (1977)

Electrothermal circuits (ETC) exploit interactions between thermal and electronic properties of devices in an integrated circuit to perform useful electronic functions. An ETC integrator is described which can be used as a building block for state-variable filters. Circuits are given which perform the coefficient-setting function for such filters. Measured data are given for low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and notch state-variable ETC filters; these filters use only transistors and resistors. For the chip size used, the maximum frequency of the filters is of the order of 200 Hz; an order of magnitude increase is possible with reduced chip size. Methods are described for making filter performance independent of ambient temperature.
On the use of the Hilbert transform for processing measured CW data (1992)

The Hilbert transform is a commonly used technique for relating the real and imaginary parts of a causal spectral response. It is found in both continuous and discrete forms and is widely used in circuit analysis, digital signal processing, image reconstruction and remote sensing. One useful application in the area of high-power microwave (HPM) technology is in correcting measured continuous wave (CW) transfer function data, so as to insure causality in reconstructed transient responses. Another application of the Hilbert transform is in the area of complex spectral estimation using magnitude-only data. Here, the applications of the transform to several specific spectral filtering and phase reconstruction problems are illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biofilm Formation by Hyperpiliated Mutants of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2003)

Under static growth conditions, hyperpiliated, nontwitching pilT and pilU mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa formed dense biofilms, showing that adhesion, not twitching motility, is necessary for biofilm initiation. Under flow conditions, the pilT mutant formed mushroom-like structures larger than those of the wild type but the pilU mutant was defective in biofilm formation. Therefore, twitching motility affects the development of biofilm structure, possibly through modulation of detachment.
Transition between two dendritic growth mechanisms in electrodeposition (2008)

We report in this paper the observation of a transition between two different dendritic growth mechanisms in the electrodeposition of a metal from a binary electrolyte. Our results, in particular concerning the dendritic growth velocities, enable us to explain this behavior in terms of models previously proposed in the literature.
Evaluation of factors affecting the accuracy of impressions using quantitative surface analysis. (1996)

Impression material goes from a plastic to an elastic state during setting. Movement of the impression and excessive seating pressure during this transition can cause distortion in the impressions. The purpose of this study is to determine if the impression distortion is related to movement during setting or to distortion of the putty phase in the two-step impressioning technique. A master model of a maxillary quadrant of teeth was impressed using four different procedures: 1) one-step technique without movement (1S-NM); 2) one-step technique with movement (1S-M); 3) two-step technique without movement (2S-NM); and 4) two-step technique with movement (2S-M). An artificial oral environment and surface analysis technique of the Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics were used to produce the impressions and measure their accuracy. A digitized image of the first premolar of the master model was aligned with a digitized image of the first premolar of each epoxy model using AnSur. The root mean squared difference (RMS) between the aligned images is a measure of the distortion. The corresponding RMS values for the different methods were: 1S-NM = 23.7 +/- 9.21; 1S-M = 20.4 +/- 3.9; 2S-NM = 20.5 +/- 7.7; 2S-M = 21.3 +/- 4.4. Statistical analysis using a two-way analysis of variance showed no difference at the 0.05 level of significance. Pairwise comparison using the Tukey method showed that neither technique (one-step vs two-step) nor movement is a significant factor. These results showed that low seating pressure will not cause any greater distortions in the two-step impression technique than in the one-step technique, and minor movement during the setting of the impression material will no cause distortion.
Churn Intent Detection in Multilingual Chatbot Conversations and Social Media (2018)

Christian Abbet, Meryem M’hamdi, Athanasios Giannakopoulos, Robert West, Andreea Hossmann, Michael Baeriswyl, Claudiu Musat. Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning. 2018.
Multiuser TH-precoding for TDD–CDMA over multipath channels (2007)

Nonlinear precoding schemes for downlink time-division duplex–CDMA systems over multipath fading channels, are considered. First, the capacity results of a downlink CDMA system with either multiuser detection or precoding, were obtained and compared. It is seen that the two schemes exhibit similar capacity regions for both sum rate and maximum equal rate, which motivates the development of efficient nonlinear transmitter precoding techniques to reduce the receiver complexity at the mobile units without degrading the system performance. We then develop both bit-wise and chip-wise Tomlinson–Harashima (TH) multiuser precoding methods for downlink CDMA with multipath, to remove multi-user interference, inter-chip interference and inter-symbol interference. Efficient algorithms for multiuser power loading and ordering are also developed. Implementation of the proposed TH-precoding schemes in time-varying channels based on channel prediction is addressed as well. Simulations results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in suppressing interference in downlink CDMA.
Reconfigurable Robot Teams: Modeling and Supervisory Control (2004)

Teams of land-based, airborne, or submerged robots constitute a new breed of robotic systems for which the issue of controlled behavior arises naturally. In this brief, we model the dynamics of the robot team in the discrete-event system (DES) framework and design a reconfigurable system that can handle situations in which robot units may switch offline. In particular, we exploit the dichotomy between controllable and uncontrollable behavior to synthesize a supervisor using only controllable events, but also one whose structure adapts to uncontrollable events. This brief presents a novel method based on learning and verification for restoring supervision as well as behavioral assurance of the team.
Ischemic Inactivation of G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase and Altered Desensitization of Canine Cardiac β-Adrenergic Receptors (2000)

There is a selective decrease in GRK2 activity and a loss of the ability of the arrhythmia-prone EBZ tissue to desensitize to beta-adrenergic stimulation 24 hours after CAL. This correlates temporally with a second (late) peak in sudden cardiac death previously observed between 6 and 24 hours in dog and rat models of myocardial infarction.
Perfluoropolyethers:  Analysis by TOF-SIMS (1996)

TOF-SIMS spectra of the following perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) were analyzed: Demnum-S, Krytox, Fomblin-Z, perfluoropoly(dioxolane), perfluoropoly(tetramethylene oxide), and perfluoropoly(ethylene oxide). In each case, the PFPE produced an intense negative ion spectrum with simple patterns persisting into the high-mass region surpassing the mean MW of the polymer. In contrast, the positive ion spectra are much more complex and compressed toward the low-mass end. Totally unrelated formation mechanisms for the positive and negative ions are thus indicated. It is proposed and substantiated that the negative ion spectra are dominated by anions resulting from one-step dissociative electron capture at ether oxygens, R−O−R‘ + e- → R−O- + •R‘. The Demnum molecule, having locally symmetric ether oxygens, produces two major peaks in each repetitive fragmentation packet, equal in intensity but displaced by the mass difference of the two end groups. PFPEs with asymmetric ether oxygens produce negative ion spectra resulting from asymmetric cleavage. The negative ion pattern of Fomblin-Z can be accurately modeled with the dissociative electron capture at ether oxygens linking randomly distributed methylene and ethylene units. Other less intense peaks in the negative ion spectra of PFPEs result from multiple electron capture events and from polymer chains with anomalous end groups or intrachain units.
Polus: Growing Storage QoS Management Beyond a 4-Year Old Kid (2004)

Policy-based storage management has been advertised as the silver bullet to overcome the complexity that limits the amount of storage that can be managed by system administrators. Key to this approach are: a mechanism to specify quality of service (QoS) goals; a canonical virtual model of storage devices and operations; and the mapping of the high level QoS goals to low level storage device actions. In spite of prior research and industrial standards the latter problem results in complex, manual, error-prone processes that burden system administrators and prevent the widespread acceptance of policy-based storage management. This paper proposes the Polus framework which specifically addresses this open problem.Polus removes the need for system administrators to write code that maps the QoS goals to low level system actions. Instead, it generates this mapping code by using a combination of rule-of-thumb specification mechanism, a reasoning engine and a learning engine to change the implementation paradigm of policy-based storage management. This paper also provides a quantitative analysis of the Polus framework within the context of a storage area network (SAN) file system to verify the feasibility of this new approach.
Understanding Collaboration in Integrated Forms of Project Delivery by Taking a Risk-Uncertainty Based Perspective (2016)

Background: Cross-discipline team collaboration between the project ownership team, design team and project delivery team is central to effective management of risk, uncertainty and ambiguity. A recently-developed framework that was developed to provide a visualisation tool to enable various project procurement and delivery forms has been adapted to answer the research question How can uncertainty best be managed in complex projects? Methods: The research involved reviewing transcribed recorded interviews with 50 subject matter experts that was originally analysed using axial coding with Nvivo 10 software to develop the framework that the paper refers to. It extends analysis to focus on risk and uncertainty previously reported upon in that study. Results and Conclusions: The adaptation presents a hypothetical partnering and alliancing project collaboration map taken from a risk and uncertainty management perspective and it also refines its focus on coping and sensemaking mechanisms to help manage risk-uncertainty in a practical and ‘how to do’ manner. This contributes to theory by extending the relationship based procurement (RBP) framework from taking a purely procurement theory focus to being applied in a risk-uncertainty project management theory domain. It also provides a practice contribution by explaining how the RBP mutation to a collaboration and risk-uncertainty management framework may be applied.
Hairy roots to test for transgenic nematode resistance: think twice (2003)

Abstract Hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes have been proposed as a versatile, easy and reproducible system for testing nematode resistance in crop plants. Here, A. rhizogenes was used to induce transgenic hairy roots on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) containing the LEMMI9 cDNA in sense and/or antisense orientation under control of a nematode responsive promoter. The purpose was to inhibit the expression of this gene that is strongly activated in the nematode-induced feeding sites in order to block their development and, thus, make the plants resistant. Several LEMMI9 transgenic lines produced fewer Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles than the control lines, but a large variation in progeny was also seen among the control lines. Therefore, we recommend that several independent wild-type hairy root lines are generated and tested to obtain a solid control group for evaluating putative resistance constructs.