gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sclerostin induced tumor growth, bone metastasis and osteolysis in breast cancer (2017)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Many patients suffer from bone metastasis. Sclerostin, a key regulator of normal bone remodeling, is critically involved in osteolytic bone diseases. However, its role in breast cancer bone metastasis remains unknown. Here, we found that sclerostin was overexpressed in breast cancer tumor tissues and cell lines. Inhibition of sclerostin by antibody (Scl-Ab) significantly reduced migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In xenograft model, sclerostin inhibition improved survival of nude mice and prevented osteolytic lesions resulting from tumor metastasis. Taken together, sclerostin promotes breast cancer cell migration, invasion and bone osteolysis. Inhibition of sclerostin may serve as an efficient strategy for interventions against breast cancer bone metastasis or osteolytic bone diseases.
Phospholipid-Modified Upconversion Nanoprobe for Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection and Imaging of Phospholipase D in Cell Lysate and in Living Cells (2014)

Phospholipase D (PLD) is a critical component of intracellular signal transduction and has been implicated in many important biological processes. It has been observed that there are abnormalities in PLD expression in many human cancers, and PLD is thus recognized as a potential diagnostic biomarker as well as a target for drug discovery. We report for the first time a phospholipid-modified nanoprobe for ratiometric upconversion fluorescence (UCF) sensing and bioimaging of PLD activity. The nanoprobe can be synthesized by a facile one-step self-assembly of a phospholipid monolayer composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated phospholipid and rhodamine B-labeled phospholipid on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) NaYF4: 20%Yb, 2%Er. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process from the UCF emission at 540 nm of the UCNPs to the absorbance of the rhodamine B occurs in the nanoprobe. The PLD-mediated hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond makes rhodamine B apart from the UCNP surface, leading to the inhibition of FRET. Using the unaffected UCF emission at 655 nm as an internal standard, the nanoprobe can be used for ratiometric UCF detection of PLD activity with high sensitivity and selectivity. The PLD activity in cell lysates is also determined by the nanoprobe, confirming that PLD activity in a breast cancer cell is at least 7-fold higher than in normal cell. Moreover, the nanoprobe has been successfully applied to monitoring PLD activity in living cells by UCF bioimaging. The results reveal that the nanoprobe provides a simple, sensitive, and robust platform for point-of-care diagnostics and drug screening in biomedical applications.
The combination of transition metal ions and hydrogen-bonding interactions (2007)

This feature article presents an overview of the types of hydrogen bonding interactions involving metal complexes and their functional effects. It shows with recent examples why hydrogen bonds have become a crucial functional and structural element in modern inorganic chemistry. The relevance of this combination in tackling current chemistry challenges such as energy production and the development of new materials and more effective catalysts, sensors and medicines is illustrated.
Anodic Oxide Growth on Aluminum in the Presence of a Thin Thermal Oxide Layer (1985)

The presence of a thin film of thermal oxide on the surface of aluminum promotes the growth of additional crystalline oxide during subsequent anodization in an aqueous phosphate solution. It was shown through the use of phosphorus‐32 tracer and chemical thinning procedures that the anodic crystalline oxide is formed beneath a discrete, continuous layer of amorphous oxide, and that the original thermal oxide is incorporated in the anodic crystalline film. The concentration of phosphorus in the amorphous layer is greater than that which occurs in the absence of crystalline oxide. Evidence is given that the occluded phosphorus species has some ionic mobility in both oxides.
Chronic optogenetic stimulation of Bergman glia leads to dysfunction of EAAT1 and Purkinje cell death, mimicking the events caused by expression of pathogenic ataxin-1 (2021)

Bergmann glia (BG) are highly specialized radial astrocytes of the cerebellar cortex, which play a key role in the uptake of synaptic glutamate via the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT1. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that in cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases reactive BG has a negative impact on neuronal function and survival through compromised EAAT activity. A family of such diseases are those caused by expansion of CAG repeats in genes of the ataxin family, resulting in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). We investigated the contribution of BG to the pathogenesis of cerebellar neurodegeneration in a model of SCA1, which was induced by expression of a polyglutamine mutant of ataxin-1 (ATXN1[Q85]) in BG specifically. We compared the outcomes with a novel model where we triggered excitotoxicity by a chronic optogenetic activation of BG with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). In both cases we detected evidence of reduced glutamate uptake manifested by prolongation of excitatory postsynaptic currents in Purkinje cells which is consistent with documented reduction of expression and/or function of EAAT1. In both models we detected astroglyosis and Purkinje cells atrophy. Finally, the same pattern was detected in a knock-in mouse which expresses a polyglutamine mutant ataxin-1 ATXN1[Q154] in a non-cell-selective manner. Our results suggest that ATXN1[Q85] and ChR2-induced insult targeted to BG closely mimics SCA1 pathology, where excessive glutamate signaling appears to be a common feature likely being an important contributor to cerebellar neurodegeneration.
Weathering of polyethylene (LDPE) and enhanced photodegradable polyethylene in the marine environment (1990)

Abstract The outdoor weathering of polyethylene homopolymer under exposure in air and in sea water was studied. Rate of deterioration as indicated by the loss in mean ultimate extension was found to be slower when the material was weathered in sea water compared to that in air. The difference in rates is explained in terms of the lack of heat buildup in plastic material floating in sea water. A similar study on a commercially available ethylene–carbon monooxide copolymer indicated rapid photodegradation under both exposure conditions.
Properties of Particles in the Fly Ash of a Biofuel-Fired Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Boiler (2008)

A quench/dilution probe was designed and used for sampling of particles and vapors in the flue gas upstream of the convective path in a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Downstream of the convective path, flue gas was sampled by a heated probe. The sampled gas was lead through low-pressure impactors for analysis of the mass size distribution of particles. The particles were analyzed for Cl, S, K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Al, Fe, Ba, Mn, and Si. A series of tests was carried out to study minimization of problems originating from the alkali content in the fuel, including the effect of additives to the fuel, change of bed material, and co-combustion with sewage sludge. Particle concentration and composition were compared to deposit growth and composition on a deposit probe, which represents a superheater. Alkali chloride in the particles was compared to online measurements of gaseous alkali chlorides. The continuous mass deposition on the heat-transfer surface in the convective path was illustrated by calculation of the reduction of heat transfer by means of the temperature drop of the flue gas. Fine particles (<1 μm) contained mostly potassium chloride, except during addition of a sulfur additive when potassium sulfate was dominant. Addition of kaolin or co-combustion with sludge lowered the concentration of fine particles at the same time as the concentration of coarse (>1 μm) particles increased. These test cases also showed the lowest deposit growth on the superheater probe. The particles deposited in the convective path were mostly coarse ones. The most favorable case with respect to low deposits was co-combustion with sewage sludge.
Durable coatings for IR windows (2005)

Durable coatings of silicon-carbon-oxy-nitride (a.k.a. SiCON) are being developed to protect high-speed missile windows from the environmental loads during flight. Originally developed at Rockwell Scientific Corporation (RSC) these coatings exhibited substantial promise, but were difficult to deposit. Under a DoD DARPA SBIR Phase I program, Surmet Corporation, working closely with RSC, is depositing these coatings using an innovative vacuum vapor deposition process. High rate of coating deposition and the ease of manipulating the process variables, make Surmet’s process suitable for the deposition of substantially thick films (up to 30 μm) with precisely controlled chemistry. Initial work has shown encouraging results, and the refinement of the coating and coating process is still underway. Coupons of SiN and SiCON coatings with varying thickness on a variety of substrates such as Si-wafer, ZnS and ALON were fabricated and used for the study. This paper will present and discuss the results of SiN and SiCON coatings deposition and characterization (physical, mechanical and optical properties) as a basis for evaluating their suitability for high speed missile windows application.
Signaling Pathways in Exosomes Biogenesis, Secretion and Fate (2013)

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-100 nm) derived from the endosomal system, which have raised considerable interest in the last decade. Several studies have shown that they mediate cell-to-cell communication in a variety of biological processes. Thus, in addition to cell-to-cell direct interaction or secretion of active molecules, they are now considered another class of signal mediators. Exosomes can be secreted by several cell types and retrieved in many body fluids, such as blood, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid. In addition to proteins and lipids, they also contain nucleic acids, namely mRNA and miRNA. These features have prompted extensive research to exploit them as a source of biomarkers for several pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, exosomes also appear attractive as gene delivery vehicles. Furthermore, exosome immunomodulatory and regenerative properties are also encouraging their application for further therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, several issues remain to be addressed: exosome biogenesis and secretion mechanisms have not been clearly understood, and physiological functions, as well as pathological roles, are far from being satisfactorily elucidated.
Chronic Diabetic Complications and Tissue Glycosylation: Relevant Concern for Diabetes-Prone Black Population (1990)

A significant segment of the Black population is affected by chronic diabetes, and most of them are subjected to severe cardiovascular, renal, and neurological complications that shorten survival and diminish quality of life. One of the important pathogenetic mechanisms under intensive investigation is advanced tissue glycosylation. Tissue and cell surface proteins modified nonenzymatically by glucose are shown to be highly active in protein cross-linking and have been implicated in tissue damage. Such protein-glucose interactions, called advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), are processed by macrophages through a high-affinity receptor. Coupling of AGE proteins to their AGE receptors results in their degradation and removal and, simultaneously, in synthesis and secretion of pluripotential cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1. This suggests that AGE may act normally as a signal for growth-promoting factor secretion in a coordinated replacement process during tissue remodeling. In chronic diabetes, however, where accelerated accumulation of tissue AGE occurs, a disturbance of this balance may lead to several pathological, lytic, and/or proliferative responses like those in the vasculopathy of diabetes. Progress has been made with the discovery of aminoguanidine HCl, an AGE inhibitor, which has prevented significant pathology in short-term diabetic animal studies.
Screening the Receptorome Yields Validated Molecular Targets for Drug Discovery (2006)

With the recently completed sequencing and annotation of the human genome, it has become clear that a significant portion of the genome encodes signal-transducing molecules including receptors, protein kinases, ion channels, transporters and coupling proteins. This review focuses on membrane-localized receptors, which represent the largest single group of signal-transducing molecules. Indeed, one can estimate that nearly 10% of the human genome encodes membrane-localized receptors (e.g. G-protein coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels and transporters). We have defined that portion of the human genome that encodes 'receptors' the receptorome. In this article, we will demonstrate how the massively parallel screening of the receptorome provides a facile and under-utilized screening platform for drug discovery. Using case studies, we will show how receptorome-based screening elucidates the mechanisms responsible for serious side-effects of both approved and investigational medications. Additionally, we will provide evidence that receptorome-based screening provides insights into novel therapeutic indications of approved medications and serves to validate targets for therapeutic drug discovery.
Optical Diagnostics in the Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell (1995)

A number of laser-induced fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy studies have been conducted using Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cells. Laser-induced fluorescence has been used to measure hydrogen atom densities, to measure argon metastable spatial profiles, to determine the sheath electric field, and to infer the electron density and temperature. Absorption spectroscopy, using lamp sources and diode lasers, has been used to measure metastable atom densities in helium and argon discharges and fluorocarbon densities in silicon etching discharges. The experimental techniques and sample results of these investigations are reviewed.
The ultrathin limit of improper ferroelectricity (2019)

The secondary nature of polarization in improper ferroelectrics promotes functional properties beyond those of conventional ferroelectrics. In technologically relevant ultrathin films, however, the improper ferroelectric behavior remains largely unexplored. Here, we probe the emergence of the coupled improper polarization and primary distortive order parameter in thin films of hexagonal YMnO<sub>3</sub>. Combining state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques separately addressing the improper ferroelectric state and its distortive driving force, we reveal a pronounced thickness dependence of the improper polarization, which we show to originate from the strong modification of the primary order at epitaxial interfaces. Nanoscale confinement effects on the primary order parameter reduce the temperature of the phase transition, which we exploit to visualize its order-disorder character with atomic resolution. Our results advance the understanding of the evolution of improper ferroelectricity within the confinement of ultrathin films, which is essential for their successful implementation in nanoscale applications.
Corrosion testing made easy: Impedance and noise analysis (1999)

The book addresses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise measurements that have been developed for the examination of the electrochemistry of corroding metal samples. An appendix is included covering the mathematical aspects of the two subjects, along with other supporting material. Topics include: principles of the subjects, measurement of impedance spectra, analysis of EIS data, description of noise signals, measurement of electrochemical noise, analysis of electrochemical noise, electrical circuits, electrochemical kinetics, walk-through of a noise measurement and analysis, spectral estimation techniques and signal processing, theoretical basis of noise processes, and transient effects of EIS. Also includes a number of resources to assist the reader in following the text and obtaining further information about impedance and noise methods applied to corrosion.
Resistance of Escherichia coli to rifampicin and sorangicin A - a comparison. (1990)

Sorangicin A, a macrolide polyether antibiotic and the ansamycin antibiotic rifampicin inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase to a similar extent. Resistance to sorangicin A is due to a mutation in the RNA polymerase which renders the enzyme less sensitive. Parallel investigations with rifampicin revealed partial cross-resistance, which was more marked in sorangicin A-resistant mutants than in rifampicin-resistant mutants.
Targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) but not CDK4/6 or CDK2 is selectively lethal to MYC-dependent human breast cancer cells (2014)

Overall, these results suggest that further investigation of CDK1 inhibition as a potential therapy for MYC-dependent breast cancer is warranted.
The stingray AUV: A small and cost-effective solution for ecological monitoring (2011)

Underwater vehicles have recently become more useful in ecological monitoring, largely in part to advanced processing capabilities enabled by modern computers. Most underwater vehicles are torpedo shaped and non-holonomically controlled, which makes them efficient, but they lack precise maneuverability. Some cube-shaped vehicles are used when more exact navigation is necessary; however they cannot take advantage of gliding motions and hydrodynamic lift as their vehicles have a large amount of drag. The Stingray Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is a compact, lightweight AUV with a unique design implementation. The hull of the Stingray is a carbon fiber shell with a biomimetic design reminiscent of its ocean-dwelling namesake. This streamlined profile provides very low drag and allows the vehicle to glide through the water. The Stingray also uses a unique propulsion system, combining three vertical thrusters on the wings and tail for roll and pitch with two Voith-Schneider propellers mounted underneath for yaw and surge. In addition, these two propellers provide the ability to strafe, allowing the vehicle to move with six degrees of freedom. This enables the Stingray to easily maneuver at slow speeds and hover in a similar fashion to a helicopter, while also being able to take advantage of the lift generated by its wings to glide like a fixed-wing aircraft.
Engraftment in 86 with patients lymphoid malignancy after autologous marrow transplantation. (1989)

The kinetics of marrow engraftment was retrospectively analysed in 55 patients with malignant lymphoma (ML) and 31 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after marrow-ablative therapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Thirty-eight percent of patients with ML, most of whom were transplanted in relapse and 13% of patients with ALL, mostly transplanted in remission, showed failed or delayed engraftment. Analysis of the total patient group showed that failure to recover platelet counts was significantly correlated with detection of disease in the marrow early after transplantation (p less than 0.001). Platelet recovery was also correlated with survival (p = 0.0001), disease-free survival (p = 0.0001), and the probability of relapse (p = 0.02). In those patients achieving engraftment, multivariate regression analysis failed to reveal any single in vitro test of marrow nucleated cell or progenitor cell numbers that significantly influenced time to achieve recovery of either granulocyte or platelet counts.
Multiconductor transmission line characterization (1997)

This paper presents a measurement method that completely characterizes lossy printed multiconductor transmission lines. It determines not only the matrices of impedances and admittances per unit length describing the transmission line in the conductor representation, but also the propagation constants, characteristic impedances, and cross-powers for each mode supported in the line. We apply the method to a pair of lossy coupled asymmetric microstrip lines.
Studies on antihemorrhagic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in Chinese medicine. IV. On antihemorrhagic principles in Hypericum erectum Thunb. (1985)

Antihemorrhagic principles were isolated from Hypericum erectum THUNB. (Hypericaceae) by a combination of countercurrent distribution and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and identified as wedelolactone [5', 5, 6-trihydroxy-7'-methoxycumarino-(3', 4' : 3, 2)-coumaronel (1, 8, 9-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-oxo-6H-[z] benzofuro [3, 2-c] [z] benzopyran) and desmethylwedelolactone [5', 7', 5, 6-tetrahydroxyl-cumarino-(3', 4' : 3, 2)-coumarone] (1, 3, 8, 9-tetrahydroxy-6-oxo-6H-[z]-benzofuro [3, 2-c] [z] benzopyran).
Photochemical syntheses, transformations, and bioorthogonal chemistry of<i>trans</i>-cycloheptene and sila<i>trans</i>-cycloheptene Ag(<scp>i</scp>) complexes (2018)

A photochemical synthesis of AgNO<sub>3</sub> complexes of <i>trans</i>-cycloheptene (TCH) and <i>trans</i>-1-sila-4-cycloheptene (Si-TCH) derivatives is described. A low temperature flow photoreactor was designed to enable the synthesis of carbocyclic TCH derivatives due to their thermal sensitivity in the absence of metal coordination. Unlike the free carbocycles, TCH·AgNO<sub>3</sub> complexes can be handled at rt and stored for weeks in the freezer (-18 °C). Si-TCH·AgNO<sub>3</sub> complexes are especially robust, and are bench stable for days at rt, and for months in the freezer. X-ray crystallography was used to characterize a Si-TCH·AgNO<sub>3</sub> complex for the first time. With decomplexation of AgNO<sub>3</sub><i>in situ</i>, metal-free TCO and Si-TCH derivatives can engage in a range of cycloaddition reactions as well as dihydroxylation reactions. Computation was used to predict that Si-TCH would engage in bioorthogonal reactions that are more rapid than the most reactive <i>trans</i>-cyclooctenes. Metal-free Si-TCH derivatives were shown to display good stability in solution, and to engage in the fastest bioorthogonal reaction reported to date (<i>k</i><sub>2</sub> 1.14 × 10<sup>7</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in 9 : 1 H<sub>2</sub>O : MeOH). Utility in bioorthogonal protein labeling in live cells is described, including labeling of GFP with an unnatural tetrazine-containing amino acid. The reactivity and specificity of the Si-TCH reagents with tetrazines in live mammalian cells was also evaluated using the HaloTag platform. The cell labeling experiments show that Si-TCH derivatives are best suited as probe molecules in the cellular environment.