gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous track-to-track fusion (2011)

Track-to-track fusion using estimates from multiple sensors can achieve better estimation performance than single sensor tracking. If the local sensors use different system models in different state spaces, the problem of heterogeneous track-to-track fusion arises. Compared with homogeneous track-to-track fusion that assumes the same system model for different sensors, the heterogeneous case poses two major challenges. The first one is that we have to fuse estimates from different state spaces (related by a certain nonlinear transformation). The second is the estimation errors’ dependence problem, which is generally recognized as the “common process noise effect. ” Different heterogeneous track-to-track fusion approaches, namely, the linear minimum mean square error approach and the maximum likelihood approach, are presented and compared with the corresponding centralized measurement tracker/fuser (also known as measurement-to-track fuser).
Performance of OFDM systems with time-limited waveforms over multipath radio channels (2002)

Pulse shaping can effectively reduce the sensitivity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme to frequency and time variations but at the same time introduce correlation between subcarriers that destroys the orthogonality of the system. This correlation is however well defined and can be effectively used at the receiver in the detection process. This paper investigates the performance of OFDM systems when using time-limited waveforms over multipath radio channels. For pulse shaping of the same duration as the OFDM block interval, the memory between the subcarriers can be fully utilized by means of a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) detector. It is shown that with such a detector, pulse shaping improve the performance of OFDM systems in multipath radio channels. The obtained results also show the advantage of employing pulse shaping with OFDM systems in the presence of long echoes.
Micro-Brush Press-On Contact: A New Technique for Room Temperature Electrical and Mechanical Attachment (2006)

This paper reports a new technique called “ micro-brush” for easy mechanical attachment and electrical interconnection between two parts. Each of the two parts can be either a single die or a full wafer. They can be attached together in selected areas containing the “ micro-brushe” by simply “ pressing” them together. Each micro-brush is a large array of hair-like high-aspect-ratio metal posts. When pressed together, these metal posts bend and get engaged with others from the opposite side, creating a permanent electrical and mechanical contact, all done at room temperature. High-aspect-ratio arrays of metal posts are fabricated with an areal density of ~ 2,700,000 per cm2. The metal posts can be optionally coated with solder. Test structures have been fabricated and demonstrated mechanical and electrical attachment.
Epidemiology of hepatitis C (1996)

Hepatitis C occurs worldwide and in all age and racial/ethnic groups studied. The most efficient transmission is through percutaneous exposure to infectious blood, but may also occur as a result of inapparent parenteral and mucosal exposure. Although hepatitis C virus may be inefficiently transmitted in some settings, the high rate of persistent infection with this virus creates a large reservoir of persons who are infectious to others, resulting in multiple opportunities for transmission to occur.
Liquid exfoliated graphene smart layer for structural health monitoring of composites (2016)

Graphene nanosheets were exfoliated from graphite using liquid exfoliation method. Smart sensing layer was prepared by dispersing graphene nanosheets in thermoplastic polyurethane. The smart sensing layers thus obtained were pasted on to the glass fiber laminated composite specimens. The sensing layer due to its piezoresistivity was employed for detecting strains in the composite specimens. The results show that the smart sensing layer can be employed for strain sensing in the composite structures. The results hold promise for various applications of these sensors for structural health monitoring in composite parts.
A Practical Implementation of the Timing Attack (1998)

When the running time of a cryptographic algorithm is nonconstant, timing measurements can leak information about the secret key. This idea, first publicly introduced by Kocher, is developed here to attack an earlier version of the CASCADE smart card. We propose several improvements on Kocher&apos;s ideas, leading to a practical implementation that is able to break a 512-bit key in few hours, provided we are able to collect 300 000 timing measurements (128-bit keys can be recovered in few seconds using a personal computer and less than 10 000 samples). We therefore show that the timing attack represents an important threat against cryptosystems, which must be very seriously taken into account.
Tuning the painter's palette: subtle steric effects on spectra and colour in conjugated electrochromic polymers (2015)

A series of vibrantly coloured π-conjugated electrochromic polymers (ECPs) were designed and synthesized with the goal of extracting structure–property relationships from subtle changes in steric strain or relaxation.
Bimetallic thermal activated films for microfabrication, photomasks, and data storage (2002)

Bimetallic thermal resist Bi/In has shown many applications in the areas of microfabrication, photomasks and data storage. Optical modeling shows that this class of thermal resist is wavelength invariant, and Bi/In can perform even better at 13.4 nm than at 248 nm due to the increase of absorption and the reduction of reflection. Images were successfully made on Bi/In films with both proximity and projection exposures with Nd:YAG laser running at 2nd harmonic wavelength. A new kind of developing solution used at room temperature was found to be more effective in descumming than nitric acetic acid solution. Both have the etching selectively of unexposed area to exposed areas > 60:1. Developed Bi/In resists shows good conductivity, which can be used as both a metal plating masking and seeding layer, 2 to 10 micrometers wide CU and Ni lines and squares were successfully plated on the developed Bi/In patterns on glass slides and silicon wafers. Shelf test shows that the properties of Bi/In film do not change after being kept in a humid temperature-lifted environment for 10 days. Large optical transmission changes indicate Bi/In can be used for direct-write photomasks and data storage media. Heat- treatment enhances the OD exposed/unexposed OD change.
Spatial co-localization of multi-enzymes by inorganic nanocrystal–protein complexes (2014)

We report a simple precipitation method for the construction of spatially co-localized multi-enzyme systems based on inorganic nanocrystal-protein complexes. A spatially controlled multi-enzyme system exhibits enhanced overall catalytic performance, allowing for sensitive detection of glucose in solution.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Simulation on a Grid Computing Architecture (2010)

In this paper, we present the implementation of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) simulator on a GRID computing architecture. The simulation process is based on the resolution of Bloch equation [1] in a 3D space. The computation kernel of the simulator is distributed to the grid nodes using MPICH-G2 [2]. The results presented show that simulation of 3D MRI data is achieved with a reasonable cost which gives new perspectives to MRI simulations usage.
The beneficial effect of pozzolanas in suppressing the alkali-silica reaction (1990)

An investigation has been made of the effect of replacement of part of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in an OPC/silica glass (SG) mortar by pulverized fuel ash (PFA), precipitated silica (PS) and ground granulated blastfurnace slag (ggbs). The expansion of the mortar due to alkali-silica reaction is reduced, and it is found in all cases that alkali dilution due to the replacement can play only a minor role in the reduction of expansion. It is hypothesized that a major mechanism of this reduction is an increase in the effective SiO 2 /Na 2 O ratio to values in excess of the pessimum value; it is found that the greater is the deviation of this ratio from the pessimum value, the less is the expansion, the order of effectiveness of the replacements being PS > PFA > ggbs. The replacements are more effective in reducing the expansion due to alkali-silica reaction than they are in reducing the loss in bending strength of mortar bars. Observations by transmission electron microscopy of the microstructure of PFA/OPC/SG mortars show that the glass particle surfaces develop a layer of CSH reaction product of lower thickness than that of equivalent mortars without replacement, and that the PFA particles also develop a surface layer of CSH reaction product, but of different morphology to that of glass particle reaction product layers.
Superthermal and Efficient-Heating Modes in the Interaction of a Cone Target with Ultraintense Laser Light (2009)

Interactions between a relativistic-intensity laser pulse and a cone-wire target are studied by changing the focusing point of the pulse. The pulse, when focused on the sidewall of the cone, produced superthermal electrons with an energy >10 MeV, whereas less energetic electrons approximately 1 MeV were produced by the pulse when focused on the cone tip. Efficient heating of the wire was indicated by significant neutron signals observed when the pulse was focused on the tip. Particle-in-cell simulation results show reduced heating of the wire due to energetic electrons produced by specularly reflected light at the sidewall.
Rational Expectations and the Theory of Price Movements (1961)

In order to explain fairly simply how expectations are formed, we advance the hypothesis that they are essentially the same as the predictions of the relevant economic theory. In particular, the hypothesis asserts that the economy generally does not waste information, and that expectations depend specifically on the structure of the entire system. Methods of analysis, which are appropriate under special conditions, are described in the context of an isolated market with a fixed production lag. The interpretative value of the hypothesis is illustrated by introducing commodity speculation into the system. 1. INTRODUCTION THAT EXPECTATIONS of economic variables may be subject to error has, for some time, been recognized as an important part of most explanations of changes in the level of business activity. The ex ante analysis of the Stockholm School-although it has created its fair share of confusion-is a highly suggestive approach to short-run problems. It has undoubtedly been a
Kinetics of trace element chromium(III) in the human body (1983)

Chromium(III) has been reported to be an essential trace element involved in the control of glucose metabolism by insulin. We have studied the distribution and kinetics of intravenous [51Cr]chromium(III) in six human subjects using a whole-body scintillation scanner, a whole-body counter, and plasma counting. Principal concentrations were found in the liver, spleen, soft tissue, and bone. The data were fit to a model consisting of a plasma pool in equilibrium with fast (T1/2 = 0.5-12 h), medium (1-14 days), and slow (3-12 mo) compartments, and transfer rates were calculated for exchanges between compartments. Each of the imaged organs appeared to contain varying proportions of each compartment. Two patients with hemochromatosis, in which iron overload is postulated to exclude chromium transport, were found to have altered rate constants. The results should be useful in assessing the metabolism and nutritional requirement of chromium(III) in humans and its importance in disease processes such as diabetes.
Polysomnographic sleep measures in patients with uremic and idiopathic restless legs syndrome (1998)

In the present study, the nocturnal electroencephalographic sleep pattern, the number of periodic leg movements (PLM) during sleep and wakefulness, and the subjective sleep parameters of patients with uremic (n = 10) and idiopathic (n = 17) restless legs syndrome (RLS) were compared. The main finding was that the total number of PLM (p = 0.019), the PLM index (p = 0.018), and the PLM index while awake (p = 0.003) were significantly higher in patients with uremic RLS compared with patients who had idiopathic RLS. Additionally, both groups showed a distinct time-of-night pattern of PLM activity. Polysomnographic measures of sleep continuity (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, time awake) and sleep architecture (amount of nonrapid eye movement sleep stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the amount of rapid eye movement sleep) did not differ between uremic and idiopathic RLS patients. With regard to subjective parameters, sleep quality was estimated to be worse in uremic RLS (p = 0.033), whereas other parameters (for example, severity of RLS, quality of life) did not differ between the two groups. It is suggested that uremia itself worsens the motor symptoms of RLS, probably as a result of increased excitability.
Use of Moiré Fringes for Testing Visual Acuity of the Retina (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Lotmar, "Use of Moiré Fringes for Testing Visual Acuity of the Retina," Appl. Opt. 11, 1266-1268 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Caveolin-1 Interacts with 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptors and Profoundly Modulates the Signaling of Selected Gαq-coupled Protein Receptors (2004)

5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT(2A)) serotonin receptors are important for a variety of functions including vascular smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, and the modulation of perception, cognition, and emotion. In a search for 5-HT(2A) receptor-interacting proteins, we discovered that caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a scaffolding protein enriched in caveolae, complexes with 5-HT(2A) receptors in a number of cell types including C6 glioma cells, transfected HEK-293 cells, and rat brain synaptic membrane preparations. To address the functional significance of this interaction, we performed RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Cav-1 in C6 glioma cells, a cell type that endogenously expresses both 5-HT(2A) receptors and Cav-1. We discovered that the in vitro knockdown of Cav-1 in C6 glioma cells nearly abolished 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated signal transduction as measured by calcium flux assays. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Cav-1 also greatly attenuated endogenous Galpha(q)-coupled P2Y purinergic receptor-mediated signaling without altering the signaling of PAR-1 thrombin receptors. Cav-1 appeared to modulate 5-HT(2A) signaling by facilitating the interaction of 5-HT(2A) receptors with Galpha(q). These studies provide compelling evidence for a prominent role of Cav-1 in regulating the functional activity of not only 5-HT(2A) serotonin receptors but also selected Galpha(q)-coupled receptors.
Potent Host-Directed Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Myxovirus RNA-Dependent RNA-Polymerases (2011)

Therapeutic targeting of host cell factors required for virus replication rather than of pathogen components opens new perspectives to counteract virus infections. Anticipated advantages of this approach include a heightened barrier against the development of viral resistance and a broadened pathogen target spectrum. Myxoviruses are predominantly associated with acute disease and thus are particularly attractive for this approach since treatment time can be kept limited. To identify inhibitor candidates, we have analyzed hit compounds that emerged from a large-scale high-throughput screen for their ability to block replication of members of both the orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus families. This has returned a compound class with broad anti-viral activity including potent inhibition of different influenza virus and paramyxovirus strains. After hit-to-lead chemistry, inhibitory concentrations are in the nanomolar range in the context of immortalized cell lines and human PBMCs. The compound shows high metabolic stability when exposed to human S-9 hepatocyte subcellular fractions. Antiviral activity is host-cell species specific and most pronounced in cells of higher mammalian origin, supporting a host-cell target. While the compound induces a temporary cell cycle arrest, host mRNA and protein biosynthesis are largely unaffected and treated cells maintain full metabolic activity. Viral replication is blocked at a post-entry step and resembles the inhibition profile of a known inhibitor of viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) activity. Direct assessment of RdRp activity in the presence of the reagent reveals strong inhibition both in the context of viral infection and in reporter-based minireplicon assays. In toto, we have identified a compound class with broad viral target range that blocks host factors required for viral RdRp activity. Viral adaptation attempts did not induce resistance after prolonged exposure, in contrast to rapid adaptation to a pathogen-directed inhibitor of RdRp activity.
Visualization of neurogenesis in the central nervous system using nestin promoter-GFP transgenic mice (2000)

Neurons are generated from neural progenitor cells not only during development but also in the mature brain. To develop an in vivo system for analyzing neurogenesis, we generated transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of regulatory regions of the nestin gene. GFP fluorescence was observed in areas and during periods connected with neurogenesis, including embryonic neuroepithelium, neonatal cerebellum, and hippocampal dentate gyrus and rostral migratory pathway from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in the adult. GFP-positive cells in the adult brain included immature neuronal cells expressing polysialylated NCAM. BrdU labeling experiments revealed that newly generated interneurons which migrated rostrally from the subventricular zone expressed GFP until they reached the olfactory bulb. These results indicate that nestin promoter-GFP transgenic mice can be utilized to visualize the regions of neurogenesis throughout the life of the animals and to follow the migration and differentiation of newly generated neurons.
Stabilization of discordant helices in amyloid fibril‐forming proteins (2004)

Several proteins and peptides that can convert from alpha-helical to beta-sheet conformation and form amyloid fibrils, including the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and the prion protein, contain a discordant alpha-helix that is composed of residues that strongly favor beta-strand formation. In their native states, 37 of 38 discordant helices are now found to interact with other protein segments or with lipid membranes, but Abeta apparently lacks such interactions. The helical propensity of the Abeta discordant region (K16LVFFAED23) is increased by introducing V18A/F19A/F20A replacements, and this is associated with reduced fibril formation. Addition of the tripeptide KAD or phospho-L-serine likewise increases the alpha-helical content of Abeta(12-28) and reduces aggregation and fibril formation of Abeta(1-40), Abeta(12-28), Abeta(12-24), and Abeta(14-23). In contrast, tripeptides with all-neutral, all-acidic or all-basic side chains, as well as phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, and phosphoglycerol have no significant effects on Abeta secondary structure or fibril formation. These data suggest that in free Abeta, the discordant alpha-helix lacks stabilizing interactions (likely as a consequence of proteolytic removal from a membrane-associated precursor protein) and that stabilization of this helix can reduce fibril formation.
BP: developing excellence in the global enterprise. (2000)

World-class supply management organizations like Honda of America, John Deere, Chrysler, Hewlett Packard, and Motorola all understand the power of continuous improvement in the supply base. The best supplier management and development programs help suppliers--on a long-term basis--develop their own strength and expertise in suggestion systems, new product development, and high quality production results.
A random sampling based algorithm for learning the intersection of half-spaces (2002)

We present an algorithm for learning the intersection of half spaces in n dimensions. Over nearly uniform distributions, it runs in polynomial time for up to O(logn/loglogn) half spaces or, more generally for any number of half spaces whose normal vectors lie in an O(log n/log log n) dimensional subspace. Over less restricted "non-concentrated" distributions it runs in polynomial time for a constant number of half spaces. This generalizes an earlier result of A. Blum and R. Kannan (1993). The algorithm is simple and is based on random sampling.
Characterization of Bacterial Phospholipids by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1995)

A negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric technique was developed for the analysis of glycerophospholipids. Examination of the product ion mass spectrum of the deprotonated molecular ion provided sufficient information to identify both the class of glycerophospholipid and the molecular weights of the two fatty acid moieties. This technique was applied to the profiling of glycerophospholipids present in the chloroform/methanol extracts of four different bacterial species. The principal bacterial phospholipids detected by this technique were phosphatidylglycerols and diphosphatidylglycerols, accompanied by small amounts of phosphatidylethanolamines for two of the bacterial species examined. The fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylglycerols for each bacteria was determined by tandem mass spectrometry and presented graphically. Differences in the fatty acid composition for each bacterial species were readily apparent from a visual examination of the data sets.
The Role of the Alternative Oxidase in Stabilizing the in Vivo Reduction State of the Ubiquinone Pool and the Activation State of the Alternative Oxidase (1998)

A possible function for the alternative (nonphosphorylating) pathway is to stabilize the reduction state of the ubiquinone pool (Qr/Qt), thereby avoiding an increase in free radical production. If the Qr/Qt were stabilized by the alternative pathway, then Qr/Qt should be less stable when the alternative pathway is blocked. Qr/Qt increased when we exposed roots of Poa annua (L.) to increasing concentrations of KCN (an inhibitor of the cytochrome pathway). However, when salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of the alternative pathway, was added at the same time, Qr/Qt increased significantly more. Therefore, we conclude that the alternative pathway stabilizes Qr/Qt. Salicylhydroxamic acid increasingly inhibited respiration with increasing concentrations of KCN. In the experiments described here the alternative oxidase protein was invariably in its reduced (high-activity) state. Therefore, changes in the reduction state of the alternative oxidase cannot account for an increase in activity of the alternative pathway upon titration with KCN. The pyruvate concentration in intact roots increased only after the alternative pathway was blocked or the cytochrome pathway was severely inhibited. The significance of the pyruvate concentration and Qr/Qt on the activity of the alternative pathway in intact roots is discussed.