gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strain Dependence of the Antiproliferative Action of Interferon on Murine Erythroid Precursors (1980)

Electrophoretically pure mouse interferon inhibits erythropoietin-dependent proliferation of committed erythroid precursors (CFU-E) obtained either from adult mouse bone marrow or from 14-day fetal mouse livers. The degree of inhibition is significantly influenced by the genotype of the cell donor; about ten times as much interferon is required to inhibit proliferation of CFU-E from C57BL/6 than is needed for comparable inhibition of CFU-E from BALB/c or Swiss mice. These strain-dependent results point to the existence of genes that influence the degree of the inhibitory effect of interferon on cell multiplication.
Purification and Properties of Phospho <i>enol</i> pyruvate Carboxykinase from C4 Plants (1986)

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) from the leaves of Urochloa panicoides, Chloris gayana and Panicum maximum has been purified to homogeneity and its properties determined. The enzyme from all three PEP carboxykinase-type C4 plants have similar physical and kinetic properties. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 380 000 and its monomeric molecular weight is about 64 000, suggesting the enzyme is hexameric. It is active over a wide pH range and has a pH optimum between 7.4 and 8.2, has a wide nucleotide specificity, has an absolute requirement for Mn2+ and is stimulated by C-. The enzyme is inhibited by 3-phosphoglyceric acid, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; the mechanism of inhibition is discussed. The purified PEP carboxykinase is unable to catalyse the conversion of oxaloacetate to pyruvate, nor does it possess pyruvate kinase activity. These findings are discussed in relation to the C4 photosynthetic pathway operating in PEP carboxykinase-type C4 plants.
The Ins and Outs of Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells: Control of Single-Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis (2007)

Exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory vesicles in pancreatic beta-cells is crucial to maintenance of plasma glucose levels. They fuse with the plasma membrane in a regulated manner to release their contents and are subsequently recaptured either intact or through conventional clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here, we discuss these mechanisms in beta-cells at the single-vesicle level.
Interferon γ-Inducible Protein 10 (2007)

IP-10 may be a biomarker of HCV treatment outcome in difficult-to-treat HCV/HIV-coinfected patients.
Lossless electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier and a passive waveguide (2003)

We have developed a monolithic integrated device consisting of an electroabsorption modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) connected by a deep-ridge passive waveguide by means of butt-joint selective area growth. Lossless operation with a high extinction ratio of 32 dB and clear eye opening at 10 Gb/s are successfully achieved. We confirm that the optical injection should be from the SOA side of the device to obtain a wide error-free range of incident optical power from -20 to +10 dBm. Our device could lead to richly functional photonic integrated circuits comprising arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) for advanced wavelength-division-multiplexing networks, since the passive waveguide has the same structure as AWGs.
Physicochemical Characterization of Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (LAF) (1979)

Abstract The LAF produced by the mouse macrophage cell line, P388D1, is a single polypeptide chain of m.w. 12,000 to 16,000 daltons. Native LAF was destroyed by Streptomyces griseus protease, but not by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain, although in the presence of 8 M urea, papain completely destroyed LAF activity. LAF did not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose, suggesting that LAF does not contain significant amounts of mannosyl or glycosyl residues. Since LAF activity was not inactivated by a treatment of reduction and alkylation the active conformation of LAF does not appear to be dependent on disulfide linkages. LAF was not irreversibly denatured by 8 M urea or 0.1 to 0.5% SDS. On SDS-polyacrylamide gels, the m.w. of LAF was 12,000 daltons, as compared to a value of 16,000 daltons, as determined by gel filtration. The isoelectric point of LAF was 5.0 to 5.4 as determined on 7.5% acrylamide gels (pH 3 to 10). On the basis of these results it appears that the P388D1 cell line-derived LAF is a relatively stable molecule that shares several physicochemical properties with normal human and mouse macrophage-derived LAF.
[Synthesis and pharmacological study of adamantyl benzene propanamines and propenamines]. (1995)

gamma-(1-Adamantyl)benzenepropanamines and gamma-(1-adamantyl)benzene-beta-propenamines were synthesized and their pharmacological action was studied on mice. Behavioral effects obtained with these compounds and specially the study of convulsions, induced by these derivatives, could show a rise of the gamma-(1-adamantyl)benzenepropanamine's antinicotinic component, which is characteristic of all the adamantanamines. On the contrary gamma-(1-adamantyl)benzene-beta-propenamine's molecular torsion, induced by the double bond, coudl confer to these derivatives agonistic properties on the central nicotinic receptor sites.
Freeze‐Dried Bone Allografts Combined with Tetracycline in the Treatment of Juvenile Periodontitis (1985)

Sixteen patients diagnosed as having juvenile periodontitis were randomly placed into one of two treatment groups. Group I received local and systemic tetracycline (TTC), while Group II received no antibiotics. Osseous defects were grafted with allogeneic freeze-dried bone (FDBA) mixed with TTC powder (Group Ia) or FDBA alone (Group IIa). Contralateral defects were debrided only in both Groups (Ib and IIb). Direct reentry evaluation of 104 measurement sites demonstrated significantly greater bone fill (mean = 2.8 mm) and resolution of osseous defects (mean = 72.7%) in the TTC/FDBA-treated group (Ia) as compared to the TTC plus debridement only (Ib) or no TTC-treated groups (IIa and IIb). The results of this study indicate that of the modes of treatment investigated, the combination of local and systemic tetracycline coupled with freeze-dried bone allografts was the treatment of choice for defects associated with juvenile periodontitis.
The second green revolution? Production of plant-based biodegradable plastics (2009)

Biodegradable plastics are those that can be completely degraded in landfills, composters or sewage treatment plants by the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms. Truly biodegradable plastics leave no toxic, visible or distinguishable residues following degradation. Their biodegradability contrasts sharply with most petroleum-based plastics, which are essentially indestructible in a biological context. Because of the ubiquitous use of petroleum-based plastics, their persistence in the environment and their fossil-fuel derivation, alternatives to these traditional plastics are being explored. Issues surrounding waste management of traditional and biodegradable polymers are discussed in the context of reducing environmental pressures and carbon footprints. The main thrust of the present review addresses the development of plant-based biodegradable polymers. Plants naturally produce numerous polymers, including rubber, starch, cellulose and storage proteins, all of which have been exploited for biodegradable plastic production. Bacterial bioreactors fed with renewable resources from plants--so-called 'white biotechnology'--have also been successful in producing biodegradable polymers. In addition to these methods of exploiting plant materials for biodegradable polymer production, the present review also addresses the advances in synthesizing novel polymers within transgenic plants, especially those in the polyhydroxyalkanoate class. Although there is a stigma associated with transgenic plants, especially food crops, plant-based biodegradable polymers, produced as value-added co-products, or, from marginal land (non-food), crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), have the potential to become viable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics and an environmentally benign and carbon-neutral source of polymers.
Cobaltcarbonyl Complexes — Tunable Catalysts for the Carbonylation of Epoxides (2003)

Abstract Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) establish an important family of thermoplastic materials which can be synthesized from epoxides and CO either directly through a recently discovered, alternating copolymerization reaction or via a lactone intermediate. A mixture of Co(acac) 3 and Et 3 Al is a known but poorly understood catalyst system for the formation of low molecular weight PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) from propylene oxide and CO. We investigated this catalyst system by online ATR‐IR spectroscopy and found it to produce mixtures of β‐butyrolactone (primary product) and polyester. In contrast to this less selective mixture we present here a new catalyst comprising Co 2 (CO) 8 / R 3 Al for the highly chemo‐ and regioselective β‐butyrolactone formation from propylene oxide and carbon monoxide.
Broadband connectivity management service for multi-domain ATM and SDH networks (2003)

This paper reflects the work mainly of the ACTS project MISA, a three year project, whose main task is to develop and validate an integrated end-to-end management of multi-domains SDH and ATM networks. This paper provides the initial description of a new TMN service called global broadband connectivity management (GBCM) and its underlying enterprise model in the network management context. The GBCM service supports integrated broadband communication by defining an end-to-end broadband connection service in a multi-domain business environment. It represents a first step towards the design of a mediator level service between the business and the service/network management levels of TMN. This mediator level service is envisaged to support e-commerce activities for communications resources in multi-provider, multi-domain environments, i.e. connections, bandwidth and transmission resources. The GBCM service implementation by the MISA project, within trials across Europe, aimed for an efficient management of network resources of the SDH and ATM infrastructure, considering optimum end-to-end quality of service and the needs of a number of telecommunications actors: customers, value-added service providers and network providers.
Wavelength tunable InP-based EP-VECSEL operating at room temperature and in CW at 1.55 µm (2004)

A novel wavelength-tunable electrically pumped InP-based vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (EP-VECSEL) having an end-cavity concave mirror directly integrated on a singlemode fibre is presented. Room temperature (RT) monomode operation and a mode hope-free wavelength tuning range of 15 nm in CW regime were obtained.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the IL-12-induced increase in allospecific murine cytolytic T cell activity. Implications for the age-related decline in CTL. (1994)

The mechanism(s) by which IL-12 augments CTL generation and the potential for IL-12 to alter the age-related decline in CTL activity were assessed using primary CTL stimulated by allogeneic cells. IL-12 at 2 U/ml enhanced the generation of allospecific CTL response in young adult mice by 1.5- to 5-fold, and optimal augmentation was achieved and maintained with as low as 0.1 U/ml IL-12. In contrast to the enhancement of MHC-unrestricted lytic activity, which was most efficient when IL-12 was added near the end of the 5 day culture period, nearly equivalent augmentation of Ag-specific CTL was induced when IL-12 was added from 1 to 5 days before harvest. The augmentation of CTL by IL-12 was not associated with increased incorporation of [3H]TdR. Increased IFN-gamma production was not required for IL-12 to augment CTL activity because when three different Abs against mouse IFN-gamma were each included in the MLC at concentrations abolishing recoverable IFN-gamma protein, they did not inhibit the IL-12 effect but, under some conditions, further increased CTL activity. Ab to IL-2 also did not alter the IL-12 effect. Depletion of ASGM1+ cells from the responding population before stimulation did not significantly alter the response to IL-12. However, depletion of CD8+ T cells from effector cells obtained after stimulation substantially reduced the IL-12-induced augmentation of CTL. Thus, the results suggested that IL-12 augments CTL activity primarily through an effect on T cells, and the augmentation was associated with an approximate doubling of perforin levels, which was not caused by a significantly increased proportion of CD8+ cells. Finally, IL-12 was effective for moderating the age-related decrease in CTL activity, suggesting a potential role for immunomodulation by IL-12.
Design, Chirality, and Flexibility in Nanoporous Molecule-Based Materials (2005)

Scientific and technological interest in porous materials with molecule-sized channels and cavities has led to an intense search for controlled chemical routes to systems with specific properties. This Account details our work on directing the assembly of open-framework structures based on molecules and investigating how the response of nanoporous examples of such materials to guests differs from classical rigid porous systems. The stabilization of chiral nanoporosity by a hierarchy of interactions that both direct and maintain a helical open-framework structure exemplifies the approach.
Obtaining blood oxygenation levels from MR signal behavior in the presence of single venous vessels (2007)

The MR signal decay in gradient echo sequences includes signal loss due to spin dephasing caused by static magnetic field inhomogeneities. This decay can be calculated for different geometries of the susceptibility distribution, such as spheres, cylinders, or cylinder networks. In particular, the model of an infinitely long cylinder is a good approximation for single straight blood vessels. Blood oxygenation and blood volume fraction are important parameters, which influence the signal in a characteristic way. In this work the signal decays for a single cylindrical vessel were investigated and evaluated in simulations, phantom measurements as well as in vivo measurements of small single veins in the human brain by using a 3D multiecho gradient echo sequence. Good agreement between simulations and phantom experiments was obtained for different experimental settings. Based on the simulations, physiologically consistent values of venous blood oxygenation level, Y, were extracted from the in vivo measurements of different veins and volunteers (Y = 0.55 +/- 0.02). The methods ability to measure changes in venous blood oxygenation induced by carbogen breathing was demonstrated in one volunteer, where an increase from Y approximately 0.5 to Y approximately 0.7 was observed.
Pyramidal image compression using anisotropic and error-corrected interpolation (2002)

In pyramidal coding, the key to significant bit rate reduction is the reduction of interpolation error. This is usually accomplished through well-designed nonlinear interpolation filters, such as median and morphological filters. These filters are usually isotropic, hence cannot account for the anisotropic nature of the images. In addition, these filters base their interpolation solely on the image at the immediate higher level (lower resolution), hence a smaller interpolation error can be expected if the already-transmitted error signals are used for the interpolation of the remaining pixels. In view of these two problems, this paper proposes to decrease the interpolation error through the introduction of anisotropic techniques and the use of the transmitted error signals to improve the interpolation of the remaining pixels. This error is further reduced through the usage of anisotropic diffusion as the low-pass filter. Finally, an anisotropic DPCM coder is presented to code the image at the top of the pyramid.
The <i>N</i> ‐Alkylated Pyrimidines and the Pyrimidine‐ <i>N</i> ‐Oxides ( <i>H</i> 356) (1970)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Oxopyrimidines (H 357) The Iminopyrimidines (H 377) The N-Methylated Thiopyrimidines (H 381) The Pyrimidine-N-Oxides (H 382)
Fiber Humidity Sensor Based on a Graphene-Coated Core-Offset Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (2018)

A novel humidity sensor based on a core-offset fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) coated with graphene oxide has been presented. The MZI consists of three single-mode fibers, which are spliced by the core-offset. The sensing head is a core-offset fiber with a length of 35 mm and a 5 μm core-offset, which is coated with the graphene oxide. The intensity and wavelength of the resonant dip of the MZI will vary when the ambient humidity changes. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of 0.104 dB/%RH and 0.0272 nm/%RH with a linear correlation coefficient of 99.61% and 99.21% in the relative humidity from 30% to 60% could be obtained. Its low manufacturing cost and high stability will be their absolute advantages of future applications in agricultural production, storage, and other fields.
Determination of PCR efficiency in chelex-100 purified clinical samples and comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and conventional PCR for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae (2002)

These results indicate that the performance of real-time PCR is comparable to that of conventional PCR, but this needs to be confirmed further. Real-time PCR can be used to investigate the PCR efficiency which gives a rough estimate of how well the real-time PCR assay work in a specific sample type. Suboptimal PCR efficiency of PCR is not a likely explanation for the low positivity rate of C. pneumoniae in patients with chronic cough.
Detection of<i>Bacillus</i><i>s</i><i>ubtilis</i>Spores Using Peptide-Functionalized Cantilever Arrays (2006)

We move beyond antibody-antigen binding systems and demonstrate that short peptide ligands can be used to efficiently capture Bacillus subtilis (a simulant of Bacillus anthracis) spores in liquids. On an eight-cantilever array chip, four cantilevers were coated with binding peptide (NHFLPKV-GGGC) and the other four were coated with control peptide (LFNKHVP-GGGC) for reagentless detection of whole B. subtilis spores in liquids. The peptide-ligand-functionalized microcantilever chip was mounted onto a fluid cell filled with a B. subtilis spore suspension for approximately 40 min; a 40 nm net differential deflection was observed. Fifth-mode resonant frequency measurements were also performed before and after dipping microcantilever arrays into a static B. subtilis solution showing a substantial decrease in frequency for binding-peptide-coated microcantilevers as compared to that for control peptide cantilevers. Further confirmation was obtained by subsequent examination of the microcantilever arrays under a dark-field microscope. Applications of this technology will serve as a platform for the detection of pathogenic organisms including biowarfare agents.
Automatic soccer video analysis and summarization (2003)

We propose a fully automatic and computationally efficient framework for analysis and summarization of soccer videos using cinematic and object-based features. The proposed framework includes some novel low-level processing algorithms, such as dominant color region detection, robust shot boundary detection, and shot classification, as well as some higher-level algorithms for goal detection, referee detection, and penalty-box detection. The system can output three types of summaries: i) all slow-motion segments in a game; ii) all goals in a game; iii) slow-motion segments classified according to object-based features. The first two types of summaries are based on cinematic features only for speedy processing, while the summaries of the last type contain higher-level semantics. The proposed framework is efficient, effective, and robust. It is efficient in the sense that there is no need to compute object-based features when cinematic features are sufficient for the detection of certain events, e.g., goals in soccer. It is effective in the sense that the framework can also employ object-based features when needed to increase accuracy (at the expense of more computation). The efficiency, effectiveness, and robustness of the proposed framework are demonstrated over a large data set, consisting of more than 13 hours of soccer video, captured in different countries and under different conditions.
Primary small cell carcinoma of the skin (1980)

A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the skin is reported. The patient manifested intermittent, rapidly recurrent local disease which responded to irradiation and chemotherapy. There was no evidence of widespread dissemination during the course of the patient's illness, which terminated in a probable episode of sepsis due to leukopenia. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated rare clusters of dense-core ("neurosecretory") granules in cytoplasmic processes. Electron microscopic study is necessary in order to distinguish this tumor from other small cell neoplasms. However, detailed clinical investigation is necessary to rule out a possible primary source elsewhere, e.g., lung.
Expression of a Soybean Gene Encoding the Tetrapyrrole-Synthesis Enzyme Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase in Symbiotic Root Nodules1 (1999)

Heme and chlorophyll accumulate to high levels in legume root nodules and in photosynthetic tissues, respectively, and they are both derived from the universal tetrapyrrole precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The first committed step in ALA and tetrapyrrole synthesis is catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GTR) in plants. A soybean (Glycine max) root-nodule cDNA encoding GTR was isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli GTR-defective mutant for restoration of ALA prototrophy. Gtr mRNA was very low in uninfected roots but accumulated to high levels in root nodules. The induction of Gtr mRNA in developing nodules was subsequent to that of the gene Enod2 (early nodule) and coincided with leghemoglobin mRNA accumulation. Genomic analysis revealed two Gtr genes, Gtr1 and a 3' portion of Gtr2, which were isolated from the soybean genome. RNase-protection analysis using probes specific to Gtr1 and Gtr2 showed that both genes were expressed, but Gtr1 mRNA accumulated to significantly higher levels. In addition, the qualitative patterns of expression of Gtr1 and Gtr2 were similar to each other and to total Gtr mRNA in leaves and nodules of mature plants and etiolated plantlets. The data indicate that Gtr1 is universal for tetrapyrrole synthesis and that a Gtr gene specific for a tissue or tetrapyrrole is unlikely. We suggest that ALA synthesis in specialized root nodules involves an altered spatial expression of genes that are otherwise induced strongly only in photosynthetic tissues of uninfected plants.
Modeling and Analysis of Multi-hop Control Networks (2009)

We propose a mathematical framework, inspired by the Wireless HART specification, for modeling and analyzing multi-hop communication networks. The framework is designed for systems consisting of multiple control loops closed over a multi-hop communication network. We separate control, topology, routing, and scheduling and propose formal syntax and semantics for the dynamics of the composed system. The main technical contribution of the paper is an explicit translation of multi-hop control networks to switched systems. We describe a Mathematica notebook that automates the translation of multihop control networks to switched systems, and use this tool to show how techniques for analysis of switched systems can be used to address control and networking co-design challenges.
A Self-Grouping and Table-Merging Algorithm for VLC-Based Video Decoding System (2006)

A new VLC-based algorithm for video decoding system is introduced. This self-grouping algorithm is developed to reduce bit streams needed to decode symbol data. In addition the proposal can be merged with all Huffman table-based VLC systems, such as MPEG-2, H.264, for multi-mode video decoding applications. Simulation results show about 73% in Huffman-based table size can be reduced compared to the state-of-the-art design (Shieh et al., 2001)