gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA and Disease 1982 ‐ A Survey (1983)

Within the last 7 years, HLA and disease studies have made it clear that most of the diseases previously known to be HLA-A- or B-associated do in fact show stronger associations with HLA-D/DR antigens. This observation strengthens the assumption that Ir and/or Is determinants are responsible for these associations in agreement with the fact that many of these diseases are characterized by autoimmune phenomena. However, some diseases, ankylosing spondylitis in particular, still show stronger associations with HLA-ABC than with DR antigens. Among the conditions which have been shown to be HLA-associated more recently, four deserves special mention: (i) maternal immunization against the Zwa antigen because this is a good candidate for an antigen-specific Ir gene action; (ii) IgA deficiency in blood donors because this is a non-antigen-specific immunodeficiency; (iii) idiopathic hemochromatosis and (iv) congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-OH deficiency because immune mechanisms are unlikely to be involved. HLA studies and new genetic methodology have significantly advanced our knowledge about the inheritance of some diseases. Thus, HLA-B27 or a B27-associated HLA factor confers a dominant susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. HLA plays a definite and strong role in the susceptibility to IDDM, but simple genetic models (dominant, recessive, and intermediate) have been made unlikely on the basis of HLA results; the hypothesis that there are two different susceptibility genes within the HLA system still remains viable, but the demonstration of clinical heterogeneity and/or (better) of different pathogenetic pathways for DR3- and DR4-associated IDDM is required to substantiate it.
New polyimides incorporated with diphenylpyrenylamine unit as fluorophore and redox‐chromophore (2011)

Abstract A series of novel polyimides based on N,N ‐di(4‐aminophenyl)‐1‐aminopyrene and aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides were synthesized. The polymers exhibited good solubility in many polar organic solvents and could afford robust films via solution casting. The polyimides derived from aromatic dianhydrides exhibited high thermal stability and high glass‐transition temperatures (333–364 °C). Cyclic voltammetry studies of the polymer films showed that these polyimides are both p and n dopable and have multicolored electrochromic states. For the polyimides derived from alicyclic dianhydrides, they revealed a strong blue‐light emission with high fluorescence quantum yields (ϕ PL > 45%) and a marked solvatochromic behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Comparison of speaker recognition methods using statistical features and dynamic features (1981)

This paper describes results of speaker recognition experiments using statistical features and dynamic features of speech spectra extracted from fixed Japanese word utterances. The speech wave is transformed into a set of time functions of log area ratios and a fundamental frequency. In the case of statistical features, a mean value and a standard deviation for each time function and a correlation matrix between these functions are calculated in the voiced portion of each word, and after a feature selection procedure, they are compared with reference features. In the case of dynamic features, the time functions are brought into time registration with reference functions. The results of the experiments show that there is only a slight difference between the recognition accuracies for statistical features and dynamic features over the long term. Since the amount of calculation necessary for recognition using statistical features is only about one-tenth of that for recognition using dynamic features, it is more efficient to use statistical features than dynamic features. When training utterances are recorded over ten months for each customer and spectral equalization is applied, 99.5 percent and 96.3 percent verification accuracies can be obtained for input utterances ten months and five years later, respectively, using statistical features extracted from two words. Combination of dynamic features with statistical features can reduce the error rate to half that obtained with either one alone.
Phylogenetic analysis of the psychrophobic yeast Arxiozyma telluris and the reinstatement of Candida pintolopesii (van Uden) Meyer et Yarrow and Candida slooffii van Uden et do Carmo Sousa. (2001)

A phylogenetic analysis was conducted upon ten strains of the psychrophobic yeast species Arxiozyma telluris using nuclear rDNA (18S and 26S) and mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit II (COX2) gene sequences. Strains examined included those described originally as Candida slooffii, Torulopsis bovina (= Candida bovina) and Torulopsis pintolopesii (= Candida pintolopesii), which are all currently accepted as synonyms of Arxiozyma telluris. Comparative 18S rDNA sequence analysis showed that these strains formed a genealogically highly related group, which was phylogenetically distinct from any other ascomycetous species studied. The results showed that A. telluris, as currently described, appears to be composed of a complex of closely related but nevertheless separate taxa. rDNA and COX2 gene sequence data revealed that CBS 1787T, the type strain of C. pintolopesii, the currently recognized asexual form (anamorph) of A. telluris, along with strains CBS 2676 and CBS 2985 formed a distinct taxon that is phylogenetically separate from A. telluris. Similarly, the sequence data also showed that C. slooffii is a distinct taxon and support the reinstatement of this species. However, with regard to the relationship between the type strains of A. telluris (CBS 2685T) and C bovina (CBS 2760T), discrepancies were observed between the rDNA and COX2 sequence datasets, and these results are discussed in more detail.
Large-area x-ray image sensing using a Pbl 2 photoconductor (1998)

We report the fabrication and evaluation of a Pbl<SUB>2</SUB> imager using large area amorphous silicon technology. This approach uses a thick Pbl<SUB>2</SUB> x-ray photoconductor to absorb x-rays and collect ionization charge under the action of an applied field, while amorphous silicon thin film transistors (TFT) provide a matrix-addressed read out of the signal to external electronics. The x-ray sensitivity of Pbl<SUB>2</SUB> is high, and mobility-lifetime product is large enough to yield a high charge collection at low applied fields. The test arrays used to evaluate Pbl<SUB>2</SUB> have 256 X 256 pixels of size 200 microns. Each pixel contains an amorphous silicon switching transistor, gate and data addressing lines, a charge storage capacitor and a metal pad to contact the Pbl<SUB>2</SUB> layer. Early evaluation of the image sensor indicates the promise of Pbl<SUB>2</SUB> but indicates that reduction of the leakage current is important.
Insight into the Sialome of the Black Fly, <i>Simulium vittatum</i> (2009)

Adaptation to vertebrate blood feeding includes development of a salivary "magic potion" that can disarm host hemostasis and inflammatory reactions. Within the lower Diptera, a vertebrate blood-sucking mode evolved in the Psychodidae (sand flies), Culicidae (mosquitoes), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), Simuliidae (black flies), and the frog-feeding Corethrellidae. Sialotranscriptome analyses from several species of mosquitoes and sand flies and from one biting midge indicate divergence in the evolution of the blood-sucking salivary potion, manifested in the finding of many unique proteins within each insect family, and even genus. Gene duplication and divergence events are highly prevalent, possibly driven by vertebrate host immune pressure. Within this framework, we describe the sialome (from Greek sialo, saliva) of the black fly Simulium vittatum and discuss the findings within the context of the protein families found in other blood-sucking Diptera. Sequences and results of Blast searches against several protein family databases are given in Supplemental Tables S1 and S2, which can be obtained from http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/S_vittatum/T1/SV-tb1.zip and http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/S_vittatum/T2/SV-tb2.zip .
Simulations of Conposit, a supra-connectionist architecture for commonsense reasoning (2003)

A computation architecture called 'Conposit' is outlined. Composit manipulates very-short-term complex symbolic data structures of types that are useful in high-level cognitive tasks such as commonsense reasoning, planning, and natural language understanding. Conposit's data structures are, essentially, temporary configurations of symbolic occurrences in a two-dimensional array of registers. Each register is implementable as a neural subnetwork whose activation pattern realizes the symbol occurrence. The data structures are manipulated by condition-action rules that are realizable as further neural subnetworks attached to the array. In simulations, Conposit performs symbolic processing of types previously found difficult for connectionist/neural networks. A version of Conposit, simulated on the massively parallel processor, embodying core aspects of P. Johnson-Laird's mental model theory (1983) of human syllogistic reasoning is concentrated on. This version illustrates Conposit's power and flexibility, which arises from two unusual data-structure encoding techniques: relative-position encoding and pattern-similarity association.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Atomic-Scale Roughness Effect on Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy (2005)

We study the capillary force in atomic force microscopy by using Monte Carlo simulations. Adopting a lattice gas model for water, we simulated water menisci that form between a rough silicon-nitride tip and a mica surface. Unlike its macroscopic counterpart, the water meniscus at the nanoscale gives rise to a capillary force that responds sensitively to the tip roughness. With only a slight change in tip shape, the pull-off force significantly changes its qualitative variation with humidity.
Sensitive substrates for neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase) and thermolysin that are highly resistant to serine proteases (1996)

Tripeptide derivatives like 3-carboxypropanoylalanyl-alanyl-leucine 4-nitroanilide or 3-carboxypropanoyl-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine 4-nitroanilide are very sensitive substrates for neprilysin (k cat > 10(2)s(-1); k cat/Km > or = 10(6) s(-1) x M(-1)) and are widely employed in investigations of the enzyme. However, these compounds are also good substrates for the serine proteases chymotrypsin and subtilisin (k cat approximately 1s(-1)-34s(-1)). By substituting the N-terminal alanine of the substrates with proline, the catalytic efficiency of the enzymic reaction, by the serine proteases, is diminished by 2-3 orders of magnitude, whereas that by neprilysin and theromlysin decreases only slightly. These effects demonstrate that structural alterations in peptide substrates that impair secondary sub-site interactions with one class of peptidases may enhance the selectivity of the substrates towards another class of peptidases.
THE ACCUMULATION OF FLUOROBORATE IONS IN THYROID GLANDS OF RATS<sup>1</sup><sup>1</sup> (1960)

Journal Article THE ACCUMULATION OF FLUOROBORATE IONS IN THYROID GLANDS OF RATS1 Get access Endocrinology, Volume 66, Issue 6, 1 June 1960, Pages 888–890, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-66-6-888 Published: 01 June 1960 Article history Received: 16 November 1959 Published: 01 June 1960
Separation and Isolation of (S)-Equol: The Biologically Relevant Metabolite of the Isoflavone Daidzein (2006)

Isoflavones, a class of phytochemicals abundant in soy, have recently been investigated for their biological activity in humans. One of the primary soy isoflavones, daidzein, is transformed into S(-)-equol, a metabolite produced by microflora in the human intestine. Synthesized equol is currently available as a racemic mixture, while only the biologically active S(-)-equol is created by bacteria in humans. Because of the interest in this compound, a need exists for isolating and identifying the S(-) isomer for further analytical and biological studies. The objective of this study is to create a simple, accurate, and cost effective High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for separating the two enantiomers of equol using easily obtainable compounds. (+/-)-Equol was purchased and reacted with methoxytriflurophenyl acyl chloride to produce diastereomers. The diastereomers were analyzed for purity by HPLC. Successful derivatization of the equol-MTPA esters was confirmed by HPLC-Mass Spectrometry (MS). The two diastereomers were separated via HPLC on a Luna Silica column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 3 μm packing), 1 mL/min flow at 25°C, gradient = 1/99 MtBE:hexane to 4.3/96.7 MtBE:hexane over 49.5 min, and separation was confirmed with HPLC-MS. Next, fractions will be collected of each diastereomer, the MTPA will be removed, and Circular Dichroism Spectra analysis will be performed on both collections to ensure separation has been achieved.
Morphology of Zinc-Neutralized Maleated Ethylene−Propylene Copolymer Ionomers:  Structure of Ionic Aggregates As Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2004)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) was used to characterize zinc-neutralized ionomers made from ethylene−propylene copolymers with grafted maleic anhydride units (Zn-MAn-g-EPM). The structure of the zinc moieties in the dry system consisted of two chelating carboxylate groups around one zinc atoma structure much different than if the carboxylate anions come from acrylic or methacrylic acid. These self-contained zinc−two chelating carboxylate structures assemble into a larger superstructure as shown in a previous SAXS study, which indicated that the microphase-separated ionic aggregates are ∼2 nm. This superstructure must therefore contain significant amounts of nonionic material, consistent with the observation that the superstructure also forms in the unneutralized maleic anhydride precursor. After addition of water, zinc atoms in the sample with 10% of the carboxylate groups neutralized were fully solvated, i.e., zinc was surrounded by six water molecules. Zinc atoms in samples with higher neutralization levels had two carboxylate oxygens replaced by water oxygens, which in turn maintained the zinc coordination number at four.
Substituted N-phenylanthranilic acid hydrazides as potential antimalarial and antimicrobial agents (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted N-phenylanthranilic acid hydrazides as potential antimalarial and antimicrobial agentsN. H. Berner, Rajendra S. Varma, and David W. Boykin Jr.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 3, 552–554Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00297a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00297a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co and Pt/Co thin-film layered structures (1988)

rf sputtered Pd/Co and Pt/Co thin-film layered structures (LS) have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, when the Co layer is ultrathin (&lt;8 Å in Pd/Co and &lt;14 Å in Pt/Co). The Co thickness (T) dependence of the anisotropy energy (Ku∼T) and the effective anisotropy field (HK∼1/T) in Pd/Co LS support an interfacial anisotropy as the source of the perpendicular magnetic easy axis. In contrast, the anisotropy is independent of Co thickness for thin Co layers in Pt/Co LS, and thus the mechanism for the perpendicular easy axis is thought to be different. We describe magnetization, resistivity, and x-ray diffraction data that consistently support sharper interfaces in Pd/Co LS than in Pt/Co LS.
Precise synthesis of monosubstituted polyacetylenes using Rh complex catalysts. Control of solid structure and π-conjugation length (1999)

Stereospecific polymerization of monosubstituted acetylenes was successfully performed using a Rh complex, [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]2, as a catalyst, and the resulting polyacetylenes were characterized in detail by 1H NMR, ESR, laser Raman, diffuse reflective UV, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The Rh complex was found to yield selectively the cis-transoid isomer even at room temperature in high yields when alcohol or triethylamine was used as the solvent. Additionally, the resulting cis-polyacetylenes were found to form a pseudohexagonal, columnar self-assembly or superstructure. Further compression of the cis-polymers induced cis-trans isomerization even at room temperature under vacuum, breaking rotationally the cis-C=C bonds and, thus, giving π-radicals as the origin of magnetic properties.
Effective Multiplexing Method for Conditional Access System in Terrestrial DMB (2008)

This letter proposes a conditional access system (CAS) suitable for use in terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB), based on an effective multiplexing method to provide encrypted T-DMB services. Specifically, the proposed multiplexing method for a CAS is designed to reduce the additional bit rate while assuring easy access to the designated encrypted services. Finally, the performance of the implemented CAS is confirmed through implementation and a broadcasting experiment under various service environments.
The brain-gut axis: a model system to study gene regulation. (1992)

The data summarized show unequivocal differences in gene regulation between the brain and the intestine in the rat. It is possible that the differences may occur partly as a reflection of cell turnover kinetics. The mechanisms accounting for these differences should provide fertile ground for investigation. I conclude that the brain-gut axis provides a model for studying differential gene regulation in animals.
Screening EUV mask absorbers for defect repair (2014)

Five EUV film stacks were prepared and evaluated from the multiple viewpoints of mask repair process: etching property, CD control and wafer print. Etching property results revealed a thicker lower reflective (LR) layer stack showed good performance. Some types of defects were repaired and a CD comparison done with both CD-SEM and EUV microscope. It was found thinner total film stack (LR plus absorber) performs better than thicker ones for CD control. In addition, thicker LR performed better than thinner LR. Wafer print performance on the repaired site was evaluated through focus by imaging on an EUV microscope. Wafer printability performance showed that thinner total film stack performed better than a thicker one. Finally the best stack for EUV mask repair performance was determined to be a thinner total film stack and thicker a LR from all the various points of view.
Molecular Mechanisms of Gastrin‐Dependent Gene Regulation (2004)

The peptide hormone gastrin is the key regulator of gastric acid secretion. Gastrin exerts its effects as acid secretagogue through functional activation of gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, which control acid secretion through biosynthesis and release of histamine. In ECL cells, concerted activation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and chromogranin A (CgA) genes by gastrin is a prerequisite for proper acid control. To elucidate the molecular pathways underlying gastrin-dependent control of ECL cell genes, we recently analyzed the signaling cascades, regulatory promoter elements, and transcription factors mediating the transcriptional effects of gastrin. Our studies identified the Raf>MEK1>ERK 1/-2 kinase module as the common signaling pathway mediating gastrin-dependent ECL cell gene transcription. In contrast to this uniform signaling cascade, pronounced heterogeneity was detected between cis- and trans-activating regulatory factors conferring gastrin responsiveness. The molecular diversity of transcription factors and regulatory enhancer elements transmitting gastrin-triggered gene transcription offers the molecular basis for synergistic, but differential, regulation of HDC, VMAT2, and CgA genes during a secretory challenge of ECL cells by gastrin and possibly other acid secretagogues.
In vitro Antibacterial and Morphological Effects of the Urushiol Component of the Sap of the Korean lacquer tree (<i>Rhus vernicifera</i>Stokes) on<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2010)

Eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection have some side effects, compliance problems, relapses, and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, alternative anti-H. pylori or supportive antimicrobial agents with fewer disadvantages are necessary for the treatment of H. pylori. We investigated the pH-(5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) and concentration (0.032, 0.064, 0.128, 0.256, 0.514, and 1.024 mg/mL)-dependent antibacterial activity of crude urushiol extract from the sap of the Korean lacquer tree (Rhus vernicifera Stokes) against 3 strains (NCTC11637, 69, and 219) of H. pylori by the agar dilution method. In addition, the serial (before incubation, 3, 6, and 10 min after incubation) morphological effects of urushiol on H. pylori were examined by electron microscopy. All strains survived only within pH 6.0-9.0. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the extract against strains ranged from 0.064 mg/mL to 0.256 mg/mL. Urushiol caused mainly separation of the membrane, vacuolization, and lysis of H. pylori. Interestingly, these changes were observed within 10 min following incubation with the 1xminimal inhibitory concentrations of urushiol. The results of this work suggest that urushiol has potential as a rapid therapeutic against H. pylori infection by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane.