gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ran‐GTPase and cell‐cycle control (2001)

RCC1, the chromatin-bound guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the small nuclear GTPase, Ran, is required for coordinating the onset of mitosis with S-phase completion in mammalian cells. Other defects in the Ran-GTPase network also result in disruption of cell-cycle processes such as DNA replication, exit from mitosis and, at least in budding yeast, accurate chromosome segregation. However, the Ran system is now best known for its pivotal role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, where RanGTP is used as a positional flag for the nucleus during interphase. Ran's effectors are the shuttling transport factors, importins and exportins, which facilitate the transit of cargoes between the nucleus and cytoplasm: RanGTP regulates their cargo-binding properties so that they can move their cargo in the correct direction. RanGTP also plays a separate role during mitosis, influencing microtubule polymerisation, possibly specifically in the vicinity of chromosomes. Most recently, Ran has been shown to be crucial for the regeneration of a nuclear envelope after exit from mitosis. So, can the problems with cell-cycle progression and control induced by perturbing the Ran-system be attributed to defects in these three processes? This article examines this issue, concentrating on vertebrate systems. BioEssays 23:77–85, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DRI, Dietary reference intakes : the essential guide to nutrient requirements (2006)

Widely regarded as the classic reference work for the nutrition, dietetic, and allied health professions since its introduction in 1943, Recommended Dietary Allowances has been the accepted source in nutrient allowances for healthy people. Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, in partnership with Health Canada, has updated what used to be known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and renamed their new approach to these guidelines Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Since 1998, the Institute of Medicine has issued eight exhaustive volumes of DRIs that offer quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. Now, for the first time, all eight volumes are summarized in one easy-to-use reference volume, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment. Organized by nutrient for ready use, this popular reference volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, food sources, usual dietary intakes, and effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes. For each nutrient of food component, information includes: * Estimated average requirement and its standard deviation by age and gender. * Recommended dietary allowance, based on the estimated average requirement and deviation. * Adequate intake level, where a recommended dietary allowance cannot be based on an estimated average requirement. * Tolerable upper intake levels above which risk of toxicity would increase. Along with dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, this book presents recommendations for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Also included is a Summary Table of Dietary Reference Intakes, an updated practical summary of the recommendations. In addition, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment provides information about: * Guiding principles for nutrition labeling and fortification * Applications in dietary planning * Proposed definition of dietary fiber * A risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients * Proposed definition and plan for review of dietary antioxidants and related compounds Dietitians, community nutritionists, nutrition educators, nutritionists working in government agencies, and nutrition students at the postsecondary level, as well as other health professionals, will find Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment an invaluable resource.
A thermally stable, durable and temperature-dependent oleophobic surface of a polymethylsilsesquioxane film (2013)

Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) films prepared by a simple sol-gel reaction of methyltriethoxysilane were found to possess thermally stable, durable, and temperature-dependent oleophobic properties under high temperature (~350 °C) conditions.
Calcium Ion in Skeletal Muscle: Its Crucial Role for Muscle Function, Plasticity, and Disease (2000)

Mammalian skeletal muscle shows an enormous variability in its functional features such as rate of force production, resistance to fatigue, and energy metabolism, with a wide spectrum from slow aerobic to fast anaerobic physiology. In addition, skeletal muscle exhibits high plasticity that is based on the potential of the muscle fibers to undergo changes of their cytoarchitecture and composition of specific muscle protein isoforms. Adaptive changes of the muscle fibers occur in response to a variety of stimuli such as, e.g., growth and differentition factors, hormones, nerve signals, or exercise. Additionally, the muscle fibers are arranged in compartments that often function as largely independent muscular subunits. All muscle fibers use Ca(2+) as their main regulatory and signaling molecule. Therefore, contractile properties of muscle fibers are dependent on the variable expression of proteins involved in Ca(2+) signaling and handling. Molecular diversity of the main proteins in the Ca(2+) signaling apparatus (the calcium cycle) largely determines the contraction and relaxation properties of a muscle fiber. The Ca(2+) signaling apparatus includes 1) the ryanodine receptor that is the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release channel, 2) the troponin protein complex that mediates the Ca(2+) effect to the myofibrillar structures leading to contraction, 3) the Ca(2+) pump responsible for Ca(2+) reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and 4) calsequestrin, the Ca(2+) storage protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In addition, a multitude of Ca(2+)-binding proteins is present in muscle tissue including parvalbumin, calmodulin, S100 proteins, annexins, sorcin, myosin light chains, beta-actinin, calcineurin, and calpain. These Ca(2+)-binding proteins may either exert an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered muscle contraction under certain conditions or modulate other muscle activities such as protein metabolism, differentiation, and growth. Recently, several Ca(2+) signaling and handling molecules have been shown to be altered in muscle diseases. Functional alterations of Ca(2+) handling seem to be responsible for the pathophysiological conditions seen in dystrophinopathies, Brody's disease, and malignant hyperthermia. These also underline the importance of the affected molecules for correct muscle performance.
Biophysical methods of providing objective documentation of the effects of moisturizing creams (1995)

Application of moisturizers to the skin induces measurable tactile, visual and functional skin changes, which can be measured with noninvasive instruments. The use of such instruments allows objective examination and follow-up of therapeutic effects without interfering with the studied skin area.
Observation of Ramsey Fringes Using a Stimulated, Resonance Raman Transition in a Sodium Atomic Beam (1982)

Ramsey fringes have been observed using a stimulated, resonance Raman transition at 1772 MHz excited by two dye lasers in a sodium atomic beam. The width of the central fringe is 650 Hz (half width at half maximum), corresponding to a 30-cm interaction-region separation. The fringes are free from laser jitter because the jitters in both laser beams are correlated. Applications to frequency standards as well as to high-resolution spectroscopy in the microwave to far-ir regions are discussed.
Induction of an activation antigen on human endothelial cells <i>in vitro</i> (1989)

This study describes the expression characteristics of a cell membrane protein recognized by a monoclonal antibody ENA1, which was obtained by immunizing mice with human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells cultured with a mixture of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The expression of this ENA1 antigen could also be induced by lipopolysaccharide and phorbol esters. Expression was only demonstrated on HUVE cells and human umbilical arterial endothelial cells, pretreated with one or with a mixture of these reagents. No expression was detected on human fibroblasts, renal epithelial cells or on mesothelial cells derived from omental tissue, either pretreated or not with the aforementioned inducers of the antigen. Furthermore, no reactivity was observed with either polymorphonuclear cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes or the monocytic cell line U937. Time course experiments revealed that the expression of the ENA1 antigen was time dependent. Maximal expression on HUVE cells was observed after 5 h of incubation with activator, after which a decline in expression occurred. Induction of expression could be completely blocked by the mRNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, indicating that de novo synthesis occurs. Other pharmacological reagents tested had no effect on the induction of ENA1 expression. The putative role of the newly described antigen is discussed in relation to the current knowledge of molecules involved in adhesion of immune cells in inflammatory processes.
Detection of Pneumococcal Capsular polysaccharide antigens by latex agglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and radioimmunoassay in middle ear exudates in acute otitis media (1980)

The presence of pneumococcal antigen in middle ear exudates during acute otitis media was studied by latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The positive antigen findings were confirmed by radioimmunoassay. Latex agglutination gave a positive result in 63% and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in 76% of samples that grew Streptococcus pneumoniae. The methods were complementary; the antigen was detected by one or both of the methods in 88% of these samples. Pneumococcal antigen was further detected in 15% of samples that grew other otitis pathogens and in 33% of samples in which no pathogenic bacteria were recovered by culture. The distribution of pneumococcal serotypes found by immunochemical methods only corresponded to that found by culture.
Reconstruction of scattered and unscattered PET coincidences using TOF and energy information (2012)

In positron emission tomography (PET), a typical reconstruction algorithm relies on a method to estimate and subtract the scatter from the net trues coincidences. The remaining unscattered coincidences are then used to reconstruct an image of the original activity distribution. The introduction of time-of-flight (TOF) PET opens the possibility to change this scheme, and use the spatial information carried by the scattered events for the reconstruction. The combined knowledge of TOF difference and detected photon energy provides spatial information on the position of the source even after single scattering, and can be used for the reconstruction of scattered photons, using a 'scatter back projector' in addition to the conventional 'trues back projector'. In the scatter back projector, the scattering angle is derived from the energy of the scattered photon through Compton kinematics, and this identifies a set of possible scattering trajectories, or 'broken' line of response (LOR). The TOF information localizes the position of the source along the set of broken LOR. The advantages of this proposed method are twofold: including the spatial information about the origin of the scattered pairs could improve the image quality particularly in low count datasets; and the threshold of the energy window can be lowered to include more scatter, thus increasing sensitivity. In this work, this novel approach to scatter in PET is introduced, different implementations are discussed, and the performance of a preliminary version of the 'scatter back projector' is presented.
Adapting Unit Tests by Generating Combinatorial Test Data (2018)

Conventional unit tests are still mainly handcrafted. Generalizing conventional unit tests to parameterized unit tests supports automatic test data generation. Methods that were introduced to instantiate parameterized unit tests with concrete values as test data are based on search based approaches, dynamic symbolic execution, or property based testing. In this work, we introduce an approach that retrofits existing conventional unit tests into parameterized unit tests by generalization, and generate test data by combinatorial valuation to adapt existing conventional unit test suites. We conduct an empirical study to investigate whether our test suite adaption approach is beneficial in terms of additional fault detection capabilities and code coverage. Our results show that mutation score and condition coverage increase with feasible effort compared to existing conventional unit tests.
In-ovo sexing of 14-day-old chicken embryos by pattern analysis in hyperspectral images (VIS/NIR spectra): A non-destructive method for layer lines with gender-specific down feather color (2016)

Up to now there is no economically maintainable modality for chicken sexing in early embryonic stages (first 3 d) that is suitable for large-scale application in the commercial hatcheries. Hence, the culling of male day-old chicks of layer lines is still the normal procedure.In this paper we present a non-destructive optical technique for gender determination in layer lines with gender-specific down feather color. This particular chicken strain presents a sexual dimorphism in feather color, where the female day-old chicks have brown down feathers and the males have yellow down feathers.The eggs are candled with halogen lamps and a hyperspectral camera collects the transmitted light within the spectral range from 400 nm to 1,000 nm. For data analysis and classification, common methods like principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis are used. The accuracy of gender determination was determined for 11- to 14-day-old embryos. At 14 d of incubation (7 d before hatch) the sex can be determined with an overall accuracy of approximately 97%.
Decentralized Control of a Nine-Phase Permanent Magnet Generator for Offshore Wind Turbines (2015)

This paper presents a decentralized current control approach for a nine-phase wind turbine generator. This type of generator has three different three-phase stators sharing the same machine yoke and connected to the grid by means of three different voltage source back-to-back power converters. Due to the machine configuration, magnetic couplings are present between the three stators, complicating the design and implementation of the machine current controllers. Rather than a centralized control approach, this paper proposes a methodology to design a decentralized machine control to regulate the active and reactive power flowing through each stator independently. A complete dynamic analysis is performed in order to design the controller to reduce the coupling effects within the machine, while ensuring a proper dynamic performance. The control strategy is validated through simulation and experimental results.
Issues and Problems in Metropolitan Area Police Services (1957)

As Operating Director of the Chicago Crime Commission since 1942, the author has his fingers probably closer upon the pulse of the underworld in Chicago than any other individual-public official or private citizen-in that
Protein separation by potential barrier chromatography (1986)

Potential barrier chromatography (PBC) is a liquid chromatographic method in which the adsorption and desorption of proteins are controlled by modifications of repulsive double-layer and attractive van der Waals interactions between the proteins and the adsorbent through changes in mobile phase composition. In this review PBC is compared and contrasted to the more traditional chromatographic methods, namely, ion exchange, gel permeation, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity chromatography. The physical forces that underlie PBC (as well as the other methods) are discussed in terms of their effects on chromatographic behavior. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the use and simplicity of the method.
Robust calculation of effective atomic numbers: The Auto‐<i>Z<sub>eff</sub></i> software (2012)

Auto-Z(eff) facilitates easy computation of effective atomic numbers as a function of energy, as well as average and spectral-weighted means. The results are significantly more accurate than normal power-law predictions. The software is freely available to interested readers, who are encouraged to contact the authors.
Acute nosocomial HCV infection detected by NAT of a regular blood donor (2002)

The introduction of routine screening of blood donors by HCV NAT was directly responsible for the early detection and investigation of an unusual case of HCV infection involving a regular donor. Genomic sequencing studies provided firm evidence of patient-to-patient transmission of HCV in an IV clinic. The report clearly demonstrates the value of molecular fingerprinting in tracking nosocomial HCV infections.
Expression of a Human Mutant Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 3 in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> and Characterization as an MCP-3 Receptor Antagonist (1995)

The cDNA encoding human monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (hMCP-3) was cloned in pHIL-S1, a vector designed for inducible secreted heterologous expression in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. After transformation of P. pastoris by electroporation, several clones with the human MCP-3 gene integrated at the alcohol oxidase (AOX-1) locus were isolated. One of these clones (M30) expressed the mature MCP-3 protein with three additional amino acids at its NH2 terminus as a secretion product in the supernatant. The recombinant protein comigrated on SDS-PAGE and cross-reacted immunologically with synthetic hMCP-3. Intermediate-scale production in shake flasks was obtained at expression levels of approximately 1 mg per liter. The recombinant mutant MCP-3 was purified to homogeneity by adsorption on silicic acid, affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, and reversed-phase HPLC. At the amino terminus of the purified recombinant protein, the presence of the additional sequence Arg-Glu-Phe was confirmed by direct protein sequence analysis. The recombinant hMCP-3 mutein was not glycosylated, as evidenced by deglycosylation experiments and by mass spectrometry. In analogy with MCP-1, the amino terminus of MCP-3 is crucial for its agonistic effect on receptive cells. At concentrations up to 3.5 micrograms/ml, the recombinant mutein was not active in vitro as a chemotactic factor for monocytes. However, the mutant MCP-3 acted as an MCP-3 receptor antagonist in a competition chemotaxis assay at 100- to 1000-fold excess over the synthetic MCP-3 agonist. It might thus be a useful tool to study antagonism of MCP-3 action in vitro and in disease models of cancer and inflammation.
Sesquiterpene Variation in West Australian Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) (2017)

West Australian sandalwood (<i>Santalum spicatum</i>) has long been exploited for its fragrant, sesquiterpene-rich heartwood; however sandalwood fragrance qualities vary substantially, which is of interest to the sandalwood industry. We investigated metabolite profiles of trees from the arid northern and southeastern and semi-arid southwestern regions of West Australia for patterns in composition and co-occurrence of sesquiterpenes. Total sesquiterpene content was similar across the entire sample collection; however sesquiterpene composition was highly variable. Northern populations contained the highest levels of desirable fragrance compounds, α- and β-santalol, as did individuals from the southwest. Southeastern populations were higher in <i>E</i>,<i>E</i>-farnesol, an undesired allergenic constituent, and low in santalols. These trees generally also contained higher levels of α-bisabolol. <i>E</i>,<i>E</i>-farnesol co-occurred with dendrolasin. Contrasting α-santalol and <i>E</i>,<i>E-</i>farnesol chemotypes revealed potential for future genetic tree improvement. Although chemical variation was evident both within and among regions, variation was generally lower within regions. Our results showed distinct patterns in chemical diversity of <i>S. spicatum</i> across its natural distribution, consistent with earlier investigations into sandalwood population genetics. These results are relevant for plantation tree improvement and conservation efforts.
High Strain Rate Deformation Modeling of a Polymer Matrix Composite (1998)

Recently applications have exposed polymer matrix composite materials to very high strain rate loading conditions, requiring an ability to understand and predict the material behavior under these extreme conditions. In this first paper of a two part report, background information is presented, along with the constitutive equations which will be used to model the rate dependent nonlinear deformation response of the polymer matrix. Strain rate dependent inelastic constitutive models which were originally developed to model the viscoplastic deformation of metals have been adapted to model the nonlinear viscoelastic deformation of polymers. The modified equations were correlated by analyzing the tensile/ compressive response of both 977-2 toughened epoxy matrix and PEEK thermoplastic matrix over a variety of strain rates. For the cases examined, the modified constitutive equations appear to do an adequate job of modeling the polymer deformation response. A second follow-up paper will describe the implementation of the polymer deformation model into a composite micromechanical model, to allow for the modeling of the nonlinear, rate dependent deformation response of polymer matrix composites.
Rabbit corneal epithelial cells adhere to two distinct heparin-binding synthetic peptides derived from fibronectin. (1992)

Fibronectin plays an important role in corneal reepithelialization during corneal wound healing. In this study, rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) cell adhesion to fibronectin was further defined using proteolytic fragments of fibronectin and chemically synthesized peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of fibronectin. RCE cells adhere to intact fibronectin, the 75 kD fragment containing the RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) cell adhesion-promoting sequence, and the 33/66 kD cell adhesion promoting/heparin-binding fragments of fibronectin. The 75 kD fragment and the 33/66 kD fragments partially inhibited RCE cell adhesion to intact fibronectin, suggesting that these fragments represent distinct sites used by RCE cells to adhere to intact fibronectin. Two chemically synthesized peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, FN-C/H-I (YEKPGSPPREVVPRPRPGV) and FN-C/H-III (YRVRVTPKEKTGPMKE), directly promoted the adhesion of RCE cells. As further evidence that FN-C/H-I and FN-C/H-III play a role in the adhesion of RCE cells to the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, we have shown that soluble FN-C/H-I and FN-C/H-III inhibited RCE cell adhesion on surfaces coated with the 33/66 kD fragments. In addition, polyclonal IgG against FN-C/H-I and FN-C/H-III partially blocked RCE cell adhesion to the 33/66 kD fragments, confirming that these sequences represent adhesion-promoting sites within these fragments. In contrast, two previously described peptides from the 33/66 kD fragments of fibronectin, which promoted the adhesion of a variety of cell types, FN-C/H-II (KNNQKSEPLIGRKKT) and CS-1 (DELPQLVTLPHPNLHG-PEILDVPST), did not support RCE cell adhesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)