gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduler-based defenses against cross-VM side-channels (2014)

Public infrastructure-as-a-service clouds, such as Amazon EC2 and Microsoft Azure allow arbitrary clients to run virtual machines (VMs) on shared physical infrastructure. This practice of multi-tenancy brings economies of scale, but also introduces the threat of malicious VMs abusing the scheduling of shared resources. Recent works have shown how to mount cross-VM side-channel attacks to steal cryptographic secrets. The straightforward solution is hard isolation that dedicates hardware to each VM. However, this comes at the cost of reduced efficiency.

We investigate the principle of soft isolation: reduce the risk of sharing through better scheduling. With experimental measurements, we show that a minimum run time (MRT) guarantee for VM virtual CPUs that limits the frequency of preemptions can effectively prevent existing Prime+Probe cache-based side-channel attacks. Through experimental measurements, we find that the performance impact of MRT guarantees can be very low, particularly in multi-core settings. Finally, we integrate a simple per-core CPU state cleansing mechanism, a form of hard isolation, into Xen. It provides further protection against side-channel attacks at little cost when used in conjunction with an MRT guarantee.
Spike propagation through the dorsal root ganglia in an unmyelinated sensory neuron: a modeling study (2015)

Unmyelinated C-fibers are a major type of sensory neurons conveying pain information. Action potential conduction is regulated by the bifurcation (T-junction) of sensory neuron axons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Understanding how C-fiber signaling is influenced by the morphology of the T-junction and the local expression of ion channels is important for understanding pain signaling. In this study we used biophysical computer modeling to investigate the influence of axon morphology within the DRG and various membrane conductances on the reliability of spike propagation. As expected, calculated input impedance and the amplitude of propagating action potentials were both lowest at the T-junction. Propagation reliability for single spikes was highly sensitive to the diameter of the stem axon and the density of voltage-gated Na(+) channels. A model containing only fast voltage-gated Na(+) and delayed-rectifier K(+) channels conducted trains of spikes up to frequencies of 110 Hz. The addition of slowly activating KCNQ channels (i.e., KV7 or M-channels) to the model reduced the following frequency to 30 Hz. Hyperpolarization produced by addition of a much slower conductance, such as a Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) current, was needed to reduce the following frequency to 6 Hz. Attenuation of driving force due to ion accumulation or hyperpolarization produced by a Na(+)-K(+) pump had no effect on following frequency but could influence the reliability of spike propagation mutually with the voltage shift generated by a Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) current. These simulations suggest how specific ion channels within the DRG may contribute toward therapeutic treatments for chronic pain.
An information-based sequence distance and its application to whole mitochondrial genome phylogeny (2001)

The program to estimate our sequence distance, is available at http://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~cssamk/gencomp/GenCompress1.htm. The distance matrices used to generate our phylogenies are available at http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mli/distance.html.
Orphanin FQ inhibits synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus (1997)

It is known that opioid peptides acting on opioid receptors can modulate hippocampal synaptic functions. Although a novel member of the opioid receptor family, ORL1 receptors, that displays high-sequence homology with classical opioid receptors is abundant in the hippocampus, little is known regarding its role in synaptic function. The present study was designed to investigate whether activation of the ORL1 receptor by its natural ligand, orphanin FQ, could modulate synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The actions of orphanin FQ in the CA1 and dentate gyrus were examined by field potential recordings in response to stimulation of Schaffer collaterals and perforant path, respectively. Our results showed that orphanin FQ, but not the inactive analog des-Phe1-orphanin FQ, reduced both the slope of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials and population spike amplitude. The inhibitory effect of orphanin FQ is dose dependent and probably involves a presynaptic mechanism, as suggested by the significantly increased paired-pulse facilitation evoked in the presence of orphanin FQ. In addition, orphanin FQ was found to inhibit the induction of long-term potentiation at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. These results demonstrate that orphanin FQ can function as an inhibitory modulator regulating synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, suggesting that activation of ORL1 receptors may play an important role in synaptic plasticity involved in learning and memory.
GEOMECHANICAL MODEL TEST RESEARCH ON STABILITY OF REINFORCED WEDGE-SHAPED ROCK SLOPE (2006)

On the background of reinforcement engineering of the left-bank of Lijiaxia Hydropower Station,two models,one of which is reinforced by prestressed cable and the other is not reinforced,are compared by geomechanical model experiment techniques.The stability and reinforcing effect on wedge-shaped rock with double sliding surfaces in the slope are researched.The method of simulating complex rock slope and prestressed cable are given.Some results,the variety of relative displacement and absolute displacement of the wedge-shaped rock with double sliding surfaces of the two above modelst,he prestressed force variation rules of cable with time,the axial force variation rules of anchor cable with time,and the deformation and damage characteristics of cable in different areas of slope are presented.Based on the results,the safety factor of two models are calculated and analyzed.The calculated results show that the safety factor of reinforced slope is 1.4 times higher than that of not reinforced one.Finally,the reinforcement effect on the wedge-shaped rock with two sliding surfaces in the slope reinforced by prestressed cable is summarized.
Gateway technologies for home network and their implementations (2002)

We propose two gateway architectures. The first one is the home gateway, which interconnects home networks and the public (access) network. We show its requirements and software design. We implemented an experimental home gateway based on a Web server enhanced with Java facilities. It interconnects the Internet and the home networks (IEEE1394 AV network and the ECHONET home automation network). It also has a real time MP1394 transcoding function which transcodes AV data on IEEE1394 into MPEG4 video. It provides the capability of remote control of the home, and AV data transmission/translation capabilities. The second one is the wireless gateway. We show the background with respect to the wireless gateway and its design. The key issue is to develop interconnectivity between wired and wireless networks, and then we show our implementation of it. It interconnects IEEE1394 and 802.11b 2.4 GHz band high-speed wireless network, and transmits AV control commands and high-quality AV data.
Developing custom intrusion detection filters using data mining (2002)

One aspect of constructing secure networks is identifying unauthorized use of those networks. Intrusion detection systems look for unusual or suspicious activity, such as patterns of network traffic that are likely indicators of unauthorized activity. However, normal operation often produces traffic that matches likely "attack signatures", resulting in false alarms. We are using data mining techniques to identify sequences of alarms that likely result from normal behavior, enabling construction of filters to eliminate those alarms. This can be done at a low cost for specific environments, enabling the construction of customized intrusion detection filters. We present our approach, and preliminary results identifying common sequences in alarms from a particular environment.
Ownership motivation and strategic planning in small business (2006)

This study investigates whether strategic planning in small businesses is related to the business ownership motivations of operators. In particular, the study compares the propensity of operators motivated by financial versus personal/non-financial goals to engage in strategic planning for their businesses.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases and their role in inflammation: potential clinical targets in atherosclerosis? (2009)

Inflammation has a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis at various stages of the disease. Therefore it appears of great interest to develop novel and innovative drugs targeting inflammatory proteins for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family, which catalyses the phosphorylation of the 3-OH position of phosphoinositides and generates phospholipids, controls a wide variety of intracellular signalling pathways. Recent studies provide evidence for a crucial role of this family not only in immune function, such as inflammatory cell recruitment, and expression and activation of inflammatory mediators, but also in antigen-dependent responses making it an interesting target to modulate inflammatory processes. The present review will focus on the regulation of inflammation within the vasculature during atherogenesis. We will concentrate on the different functions played by each isoform of PI3K in immune cells which could be involved in this pathology, raising the possibility that inhibition of one or more PI3K isoforms may represent an effective approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Load fluctuation analysis of commercial and residential customers for operation planning of a hybrid photovoltaic and cogeneration system (2006)

The Japanese government has set targets for increasing the contribution from renewable energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic (PV) generation. The fluctuating power of renewable energy sources, however, might degrade power quality such as voltage and frequency. To increase renewable energy near the demand side, a microgrid that utilizes controllable prime movers such as gas engines to compensate fluctuating demand and output of renewable energy is proposed here. First, measured load data of an office building and an apartment building were analyzed to clarify trends of daily load curve, periodograms, and residual demand. These analyses revealed the appropriate time length for operation planning and the economic load control problems of a hybrid generation system. The results of the optimal operation planning problem indicate that the proposed operation and control method is effective for energy-efficient operation of microgrids
Four-hour Presumptive Identification of Enterobacteriaceae from Blood Cultures (1981)

A modification of the Minitek identification system for the four-hour identification of gram-negative bacilli recovered from blood cultures was developed. This method enabled our laboratory to identify correctly 99 of 100 consecutive isolates of all members of Enterobacteriaceae representing seven genera and nine species. All rapid identifications were confirmed using conventional biochemical methods. The procedure employs 11 Minitek biochemical discs inoculated with 0.1 ml of a dense organism suspension. Two-tenths milliliter of this suspension was added to a blank well for motility testing. In most instances, identification reactions were identical to those routinely used for the Minitek system. Only with the biochemical citrate disc does the interpretation vary from the Minitek standard. In addition to the blood culture isolates, 22 unknown organisms were also tested. All were correctly identified within four hours of the detection of visible turbidity in broth. This method offers a convenient, economic, and rapid means of identifying gram-negative bacilli isolated from blood cultures.
Online Optimal Control of Connected Vehicles for Efficient Traffic Flow at Merging Roads (2015)

This paper addresses the problem of coordinating online connected vehicles at merging roads to achieve a smooth traffic flow without stop-and-go driving. We present a framework and a closed-form solution that optimize the acceleration profile of each vehicle in terms of fuel economy while avoiding collision with other vehicles at the merging zone. The proposed solution is validated through simulation and it is shown that coordination of connected vehicles can reduce significantly fuel consumption and travel time at merging roads.
Developing an autonomy infusion infrastructure for robotic explorationi'l (2004)

In this paper, we present an overview of the CLARAty (coupled layer architecture for robotic autonomy) architecture and describe the growth of capabilities and algorithms now available within this framework. We discuss the challenges of developing a software system with remote institutions and the lessons learned in our experience developing CLARAty with ARC, JPL, and Carnegie Mellon University. We describes the rover testbeds, in particular the K9 rover, and the integration and demonstration of new technologies enabling robust execution, single communication cycle instrument placement, fault diagnosis, and autonomous science.
SOS induction and autoregulation of the himA gene for site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli. (1981)

The himA gene of EScherichia coli controls the lysogenization of bacteriophage lambda at the level of catalysis of site-specific recombination and expression of the lambda int and cI genes required for lysogenic development. We have analyzed the regulation of himA by two methods: (i) beta-galactosidase synthesis from a lacZ gene inserted into the himA gene and (ii) detection of radioactive HimA protein after fractionation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We find that himA- mutations produce enhanced expression of the himA gene, indicating that HimA protein controls its own synthesis. The himA gene is also induced by treatment of cells with UV or mitomycin C, suggesting control by the inducible DNA repair (SOS) system regulated by the LexA and RecA proteins. Regulation of himA follows the pattern expected for a typical SOS gene: constitutive high expression in mutants that have inactive LexA or the altered RecA conferred by the recA441 (tif1) mutation and low noninducible expression in a mutant that has a deleted recA gene. We conclude that the himA gene is a component of the inducible SoS response, repressed by LexA and induced by the capacity of activated RecA to cleave LexA. We suggest that HimA may be subject to SOS induction because it functions as an "acquisitionase" for new genetic material and thus is of special utility under conditions of impaired capacity for growth of the bacterial population.
Pediatric neurosurgery : surgery of the developing nervous system (1989)

Pediatric neurosurgery: surgery of the developing nervous system , Pediatric neurosurgery: surgery of the developing nervous system , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
A perfect metamaterial polarization rotator (2013)

Polarization conveys valuable information for electromagnetic signal processing exhibiting tremendous potential in developing application driven photonic devices. Manipulation of polarization state of an electromagnetic wave has drawn a lot of research interests in many different fields, especially in the terahertz regime. Here, we propose a unique approach to efficiently rotate the linear polarization of terahertz wave in a broadband configuration with tri-layer metasurfaces. We experimentally observe a nearly perfect orthogonal polarization conversion with an ultrahigh efficiency, demonstrating a ultrathin terahetz rotator. The Fabry-Perot cavity effect in the tri-layer metasurfaces is attributed to the underlying mechanism of high transmittance and polarization rotation.
Low Frequency Wireless Power Transfer using Optimal Primary Capacitance of Parallel Resonance for Impedance Matching (2016)

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has been widely studied for decades by using the Series Resonance (SR). Most of the resonant frequency is in a range of 200 kHz -13.56 MHz. Additionally, a pure resistive load is commonly adopted for simplifying a design under Impedance Matching (IM) condition. However, there are usual problems presented in the past studies. For example, i) common electrical loads are complex, so the SR structures are difficult to be designed for achieving the IM condition, ii) the resonant frequency in this range causes several problems, e.g. the tissue absorption on humans, electromagnetic interference, etc. In this paper, we propose the method to design the Parallel Resonance (PR) using an optimal primary capacitance for achieving the IM condition, which can operate at a low frequency, as 15 kHz, at a complex load.
YAP-PET: a small animal positron emission tomograph based on YAP:Ce finger crystals (2002)

The authors have built a small animal positron emission tomograph (YAP-PET) based on four matrices of 400 YAP:Ce finger crystals (2/spl times/2/spl times/30 mm/sup 3/ each) coupled to Hamamatsu R2486-06 position sensitive photomultipliers. The system consists of four detectors on a rotating gantry with a variable diameter between 10 and 25 cm. The read-out and data acquisition system are handled by off-shelf electronics and are controlled by in house developed programs. The tomograph has a total FOV of 4/spl times/4/spl times/4 cm/sup 3/ that is appropriate for mice and rat studies. A spatial resolution /spl les/2 mm over the useful FOV of 2/spl times/2/spl times/2 cm/sup 3/ has been measured, with an average sensitivity of about 730 cps//spl mu/Ci for a gantry diameter of 15 cm and an energy threshold of 50 keV.
[Transcutaneous electroanalgesia and naloxone. Clinical aspects (author's transl)]. (1978)

Recently, Mayer (1977) and Adams (1976) proved that both acupuncture and direct electrostimulation of deep encephalic structures produce an analgesic effect releasing a neurotransmitter similar to morphine (endorphine). We have verified this hypothesis, using the transcutaneous electrotherapy in five patients with chronic pain at the back (postherpetic neuralgia in 3, pain cancer in 2). All patients related a certain analgesic effect during electrotherapy, with a reduction in pain of more than 50 per cent. During electroanalgesia we administered Naloxone (an antagonist of morphine). In 3 cases we observed a clear, although short, return of algic symptomatology. At the contrary, in other two patients Naloxone caused briefly a further and clear reduction in the pain.
A High-Power 105–120 GHz Broadband On-Chip Power-Combined Frequency Tripler (2015)

We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of a high-power and broadband 105-120 GHz Schottky diode frequency tripler based on a novel on-chip power combining concept that allows superior power handling than traditional approaches. The chip features twelve anodes on a 50 μm thick GaAs substrate. At room temperature, the tripler exhibits a 17% 3 dB bandwidth and a ~ 30% peak conversion efficiency for a nominal input power of around 350-400 mW, and ~ 20% efficiency for its maximum operational input power of 800-900 mW. This tripler can deliver maximum power levels very close to 200 mW. The on-chip power-combined frequency tripler is compared with a traditional tripler designed for the same band using the same design parameters.
A Hybrid Field-Harmonics Approach for Passive Shimming Design in MRI (2011)

This paper presents a new passive shimming (PS) design scheme for the correction of static magnetic-field inhomogeneities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. In MRI, the PS procedure usually employs magnetic-field-based or harmonic-based methods to find an optimal iron-piece configuration to improve the uniformity of the static magnetic field in the imaging region. For the field-based PS technique, the peak-to-peak field inhomogeneity is minimized, and the harmonic components are inherently unconstrained; in the harmonic-based scheme, selected unwanted harmonics are minimized, and the overall field uniformity is consequently reduced. The field approach usually provides good field homogeneity but lacks flexibility in managing all terms of spherical harmonic field expansion; the harmonic approach is capable of controlling targeted low-order harmonic terms but can have difficulty in producing optimal overall field homogeneity and in controlling high-order harmonics. The new algorithm proposed herein attempts to combine the strengths of these two methods for a better PS solution. During the PS implementation, an explicit expression of the system matrix with both the field and harmonic sensitivities is generated, and then, an optimization procedure is performed for the determination of shim-piece thicknesses and locations. A case study presented shows that the hybrid method provides good quality, flexible solutions for controlling individual harmonic impurities, and also overall field uniformity. This method is not only applicable to conventional MRI magnets, but also, its flexibility means that it can be easily used to shim unconventional electromagnets.
Elihu Root, 2 vols. Vol. I, 1845-1909. Vol II, 1905-1937 (1939)

Elihu Root, 2 vols. By Philip C. Jessup. Vol. I, 1845–1909. Vol. II, 1905–1937. (New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1938. Vol. I, xii + 563 pp. Vol. II, x + 586 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, and appendices. $7.50.) Get access Frank Maloy Anderson Frank Maloy Anderson Dartmouth College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 26, Issue 2, September 1939, Page 278, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897784 Published: 01 September 1939
Tailoring Surface and Structural Properties of MCM-41 Silicas by Bonding Organosilanes (1998)

Large pore MCM-41 silica with the pore diameter of 5.0 nm was chemically modified by bonding monomeric-type ligands, such as trimethylsilyl, butyldimethylsilyl, and octyldimethylsilyl, as well as polymeric-type 3-aminopropylsilyl, (hexanoyl-3-aminopropyl)silyl, and octylsilyl ligands. The obtained materials were characterized using elemental analysis, high-resolution thermogravimetry (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K in a wide range of pressures. Surface coverages of bonded ligands were between 2.5 and 3.0 μmol/m2. It was shown that pore diameters of the samples studied decreased systematically with the increase in size of ligands. The modified materials exhibited narrow and monodisperse pore size distributions, indicating that the chemical bonding procedure did not diminish the structural ordering of the MCM-41 support. TGA data showed that the surface affinity to water was strongly dependent on the structure and functionality of the bonded species. Nitrogen adsorption data provided additional information about surface properties of the materials. A significant decrease in the amount of nitrogen adsorbed at low pressures was observed for the modified samples, especially those with long-chain alkyl groups. Low-pressure adsorption data were used to calculate adsorption energy distributions (AEDs), and peaks on these distributions were assigned to certain groups present on the silica surface or in the structure of bonded phases. It was thus demonstrated that the pore size and surface functionality of ordered mesoporous silicas can be engineered by a proper choice of the pore diameter of the support and the size and structure of bonded ligands. Nitrogen adsorption measurements including low-pressure data were shown to be a powerful tool to characterize structural and surface properties of unmodified and surface-modified novel porous materials.