gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Estrogen-Responsive Transgenic Medaka for Environmental Monitoring of Endocrine Disrupters (2005)

To develop a transgenic fish system to monitor environmental pollution, we generated a mvtg1:gfp transgenic medaka line, in which the gfp reporter gene was under the control of medaka vitellogenin1 (mvtg1) gene promoter. In this transgenic line, GFP was exclusively expressed in the liver of the mature adult female. Male and juvenile transgenic fish did not express GFP but could be induced to express GFP in the liver after exposure to 17-β-estradiol (E2). Concurrent accumulation of mvtg1 and gfp mRNAs was observed during both development and estrogen treatment, indicating that the gfp transgene was faithfully expressed under the mvtg1 promoter. Dose- and time-dependent induction of GFP expression by E2 was investigated in male transgenic fish. The lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of E2 to induce GFP expression was 0.5 μg/L by observation of live fish and 0.05−0.1 μg/L by observation of dissection-exposed liver in a 30 day exposure experiment. GFP expression was observed within 36 h after treatment in high concentrations of E2 (5 μg/L), and it took longer to detect GFP expression under lower concentrations of E2. By removal and readdition of E2, we demonstrated that GFP expression was repeatedly induced. Finally, we also demonstrated that GFP expression could be induced by other estrogenic compounds, including 17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE2, 0.05 μg/L), diethylstibestrol (DES, 5 μg/L), estriol (10 μg/L), and bisphenol A (BPA, 1 mg/L), but not by weak estrogenic chemicals such as nonylphenol (NP, up to 1 mg/L) and methoxychlor (MXC, up to 20 μg/L). Our experiments indicated the broad application of the transgenic line to monitor a wide range of estrogenic chemicals.
Three patients and their drugs: A parallel case paper on paediatric opiate use and withdrawal (2005)

Clinicians are increasingly aware of the important role that opioids play in the management of a variety of paediatric conditions. Frequently, clinicians encounter challenges in initiating opioid therapy and, then, in weaning paediatric patients off opioids. In the present article, three different cases (an infant and two adolescents) are used to illustrate why and how opiates may be used in paediatrics and how they can be discontinued. The presentations include neonatal abstinence syndrome, chronic headache and cystic fibrosis. The cases are meant to emphasize the distinctions rather than the similarities among the cases, which is why this is called a case parallel, rather than a case series. The article downplays the use of rigid rules in managing patients on opioids, and emphasizes a flexible and patient-centred approach.
fra-1: a serum-inducible, cellular immediate-early gene that encodes a fos-related antigen. (1988)

A set of proteins antigenically related to the c-fos protein (Fos) are induced by serum in fibroblasts. To isolate cDNA clones of genes encoding such proteins, a lambda gt11 expression cDNA library constructed from serum-stimulated rat fibroblasts was screened with antibodies raised against a hydrophilic region (amino acids 127 to 152) of Fos. One of the positive clones identified, termed fra-1 (Fos-related antigen) was characterized. It encoded a protein that shared several regions of extensive amino acid homology with Fos (including the region that showed similarity to both the yeast GCN4 regulatory protein and the protein encoded by the jun oncogene), although its nucleotide sequence was considerably diverged from that of the c-fos gene. Only a subset of the agents and conditions that activated c-fos also induced fra-1. Induction of fra-1 expression following serum stimulation was delayed compared with that of c-fos. However, like c-fos, fra-1 was induced rapidly by serum in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. Thus, a family of Fos-related, inducible genes are involved in the cellular immediate-early transcriptional response to extracellular stimuli.
A Porous Media Burner for Reforming Methanol for Fuel Cell Powered Electric Vehicles (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This work examines the characteristics of a methanol fueled porous media burner, the principles of which may be used as a basis for a practical radiant heat source for an on-board catalytic methanol reformer. The burner uses a conventional engine port fuel injector designed for methanol use.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The spray from the injector was impinged upon the bottom of a stack of two or three pieces of ceramic foam. The ceramics were 2.5 cm thick, 10 cm in diameter and were enclosed in a quartz cylinder for visualization. The upstream ceramic acted as a flame holder and the surface of the downstream ceramic was the radiation source. The range of air and fuel flow rates over which stable combustion was possible was investigated. Fuel flow rates between 0.12 and 0.48 gm/s were examined. Overall equivalence ratios between 0.65 and 0.2 resulted in stable combustion. Complete combustion of the methanol was not achieved within the ceramics under most conditions, in which case a non-premixed (diffusion) flame was emitted from the downstream ceramic.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Temperature profiles measured along the exit planes of the 2nd and 3rd ceramics showed the combustion was taking place along the central axis of the burner within a 5 cm diameter region. This was due to the relatively narrow spray angle of the injector nozzle. The temperature profiles were relatively flat within the central area, with surface temperatures approximately 750°C for the lowest fuel flow rate and 1050°C for the highest fuel flow rate. Based upon black body behavior these correspond to radiant emissions between 62 and 174 kW/m<sup>2</sup> for the 5 cm diameter high temperature core region.</div>
Genetic polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) at amino acid 268: ethnic diversity of alleles and potential clinical significance (2000)

UGT2B7 catalyses the glucuronidation of a diverse range of drugs, environmental chemicals and endogenous compounds. Hence, coding region polymorphisms of UGT2B7 are potentially of pharmacological, toxicological and physiological significance. Two variant UGT2B7 cDNAs encoding enzymes with either His or Tyr at residue 268 have been isolated. The variants, referred to as UGT2B7*1 and UGT2B7*2, respectively, arise from a C to T transversion at nucleotide 802 of the UGT2B7 coding region. Analysis of genomic DNA from 91 unrelated Caucasians and 84 unrelated Japanese demonstrated the presence of the variant alleles encoding UGT2B7*1 and UGT2B7*2 in both populations. However, while there was an approximately equal distribution of subjects homozygous for each allele in the Caucasian population, subjects homozygous for the UGT2B7*1 allele were over 10-fold more prevalent than UGT2B7*2 homozygotes in Japanese. The frequencies of the UGT2B7*1 and UGT2B7*2 alleles were 0.511 and 0.489, respectively, in Caucasians, and 0.732 and 0.268, respectively, in Japanese. The 95% confidence intervals for the two alleles did not overlap between Caucasians and Japanese. Rates of microsomal androsterone, menthol and morphine (3-position) glucuronidation were determined for genotyped livers from Caucasian donors. Statistically significant inter-genotypic differences were not apparent for any of the three substrates. Although the UGT2B7 polymorphism characterized here is probably not associated with altered enzyme activity, the results highlight the need to consider ethnic variability in assessing the consequences of UGT polymorphisms.
p66<sup>Shc</sup> protein is upregulated by steroid hormones in hormone‐sensitive cancer cells and in primary prostate carcinomas (2003)

Members of Shc family conventionally serve as critical adaptors in tyrosine phosphorylation signal transduction pathways. p66(Shc) protein, a member of Shc family, is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells, whereas the regulation of its expression remains an enigma. We describe the effect of steroid hormones on the protein level of p66(Shc) and growth stimulation in hormone-sensitive human prostate, testicular and breast cancer cells. In DHT-treated androgen-sensitive prostate cancer LNCaP C-33 cells, the protein level of p66(Shc) was elevated by approximately 3-fold, correlating with increased cell growth. This DHT effect on p66(Shc) protein level and growth regulation was also observed in another androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line MDA PCa2b as well as 2 testicular cancer cell lines, Tera-1 and Tera-2 cells. Similarly, the female sex hormone estrogen had a stimulating effect on p66(Shc) protein level and proliferation in estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The upregulation of p66(Shc) protein level by DHT was competitively abolished by Casodex, an androgen antagonist used to treat prostate cancer. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses showed that the p66(Shc) protein level was significantly higher in primary prostate tumors than in adjacent non-cancerous cells (p < 0.05). The data collectively indicate that p66(Shc) protein levels correlate with steroid hormone-stimulated cell growth and prostate carcinogenesis.
A Method for Determining the Annealing Temperature of Glass (1920)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. T. Littleton and E. H. Roberts, "A Method for Determining the Annealing Temperature of Glass," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 4, 224-229 (1920) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A transparent two-dimensional<i>in situ</i>beam-position and profile monitor for synchrotron X-ray beamlines (2005)

A compact, inexpensive and easy-to-construct two-dimensional in situ beam-position and profile monitor for synchrotron X-ray beamlines is presented. The device is based on the collection of spatially resolved scattered radiation from a polyimide foil. The X-ray beam passes through a foil placed in the path of the beam, which absorbs no more than 3% of the beam at 12 keV. The scattered radiation is collected at an angle of 90 degrees through a collimator located below the foil onto a CCD sensor. The device was tested on bending-magnet beamline BM26 at the ESRF synchrotron radiation source and has a positional sensitivity better than 10 microm with a large working range of 25 mm x 25 mm. Although the device is optimized for use in the range 10-12 keV, it can easily be modified for use with higher-energy beams by using a suitably chosen scattering foil.
Implementation of an Anti-Collision Differential-Offset Spread Spectrum RFID System (2006)

This paper offers a novel anti-collision solution by using the spread spectrum algorithm to solve the anti-collision problem and eliminates the need for a two-way communication link. The solution requires minimal hardware to accommodate multiple tags and is consequently low cost, low power and fast
Anther Culture of Elite Genotypes of Maize<sup>1</sup> (1986)

The use of anther culture as a means of haploid breeding in maize ( Zea mays L.) has been limited by the paucity of responsive genotypes. The present study was designed to identify agronomically acceptable germplasm of maize that responds to anther culture. In 1984, 25 related‐line crosses were evaluated for their ability to produce embryoids from cultured anthers. Twelve genotypes responded with at least one anther producing embryoids; with six exhibiting response frequencies of 1.0% or greater. In 1985, 27 genotypes were screened and 17 responded, nine of which displayed frequencies of 1.0% or greater. The most responsive crosses contained the lines H99, FR16, and Pa91. Plants could be regenerated from most responsive genotypes, however, seed production resulting from spontaneous chromosome doubling was low.
The Privatisation of Government-Owned Enterprises in Australia: The Case of New South Wales (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the organisation of the state industrial undertakings carried out in Australia by the state government of New South Wales, and to analyse the reasons behind their privatisation in the 1920s and 1930s. The privatisation of government-owned enterprises has occurred in a number of countries in recent years (including Australia) and a number of alternative explanations have been given for this occurring. The privatisations of the New South Wales Government in the 1920s and 1930s were driven mainly by budgetary concerns and therefore look similar in character (if not in scale) to some of those undertaken in Australia during the 1990s and 2000s.
Feeding Deterrents from <i>Dictamnus dasycarpus</i> Turcz Against Two Stored-Product Insects (2002)

The screening for insecticidal principles from several Chinese medicinal herbs showed that the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus possessed significant feeding deterrence against two stored-product insects (Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus zeamais). From the methanol extract, two feeding deterrents were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The compounds were identified as fraxinellone and dictamnine from their spectroscopic data. Fraxinellone was demonstrated to possess feeding deterrent activity against adults and larvae of T. castaneum as well as S. zeamais adults with EC50 values of 36.4, 29.1, and 71.2 ppm, respectively. Dictamnine was shown to have feeding deterrent activity against adults and larvae of T. castaneum as well as S. zeamais adults with EC50 values of 57.6, 47.9, and 91.7 ppm, respectively.
Photocationic crosslinking of poly(2,3‐epithiopropyl methacrylate) and photo‐initiated cationic polymerization of its model compounds (1984)

Abstract Photocationic crosslinking of a poly(2,3‐epithiopropyl methacrylate) (PETMA) film containing 4‐ N , N ‐diethylaminobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate (DAC) was investigated. Very rapid photocrosslinking of PETMA was observed and the rate was greater than that of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) with DAC. Post‐heating of the irradiated PETMA film resulted in a decrease of the insoluble fraction. This decrease was explained by scission of crosslinking points by the BF 3 . In the present conditions, more than 0.3 wt % of DAC was required to insolubilize the PETMA film. Photopolymerizations of propylene sulfide (PS) and 2,3‐epithiopropyl pivalate (ETPP) in the presence of DAC were investigated. The polymerization of PS proceeded smoothly but addition of ethyl acetate to PS depressed the rate and the degree of polymerization. ETPP could not be polymerized but copolymerized with PS by this method. Addition of ETPP to PS depressed both the rate of the polymerization and the degree of polymerization. From these results, it is deduced that the photocrosslinking of a PETMA film is caused by a cationic polymerization of episulfide groups but the chain length is not large.
Digital Behaviour Change Interventions to Break and Form Habits (2018)

Digital behaviour change interventions, particularly those using pervasive computing technology, hold great promise in supporting users to change their behaviour. However, most interventions fail to take habitual behaviour into account, limiting their potential impact. This failure is partly driven by a plethora of overlapping behaviour change theories and related strategies that do not consider the role of habits. We critically review the main theories and models used in the research to analyse their application to designing effective habitual behaviour change interventions. We highlight the potential for Dual Process Theory, modern habit theory, and Goal Setting Theory, which together model how users form and break habits, to drive effective digital interventions. We synthesise these theories into an explanatory framework, the Habit Alteration Model, and use it to outline the state of the art. We identify the opportunities and challenges of habit-focused interventions.
A tactile sensor ASIC for a sensorized guidewire in minimally invasive surgical operations (2010)

In this paper, a tactile sensor ASIC for a sensorized guidewire in minimally invasive surgical operations is presented. This ASIC interfaces with Silicon Nanowire (SiNW) sensors, which capture the force exerted at the tip of the guidewire and present it as a resistance value. The resistance is then converted to current pulses in the ASIC. These pulses are transmitted and displayed on an external monitoring module through a 3-wire interconnect, which is also used to carry the control signals and the power supplies for the ASIC. There are three major challenges: limited area due to the integration at the tip of the guidewire together with the sensors, restricted number of interconnecting wires through the guidewire, and huge resistance variations in the SiNW sensors. These challenges are addressed through an incremental double sampling second-order single-OTA ΔΣ ADC, a 3-wire interface with the external module, and a programmable analog front-end, respectively. The chip has been fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS and occupies an area of only 500μm × 650μm. A 7-bit resolution is achieved for the sensor resistance ranging between 20Ω and 800Ω, with an overall power consumption of only 250μW.
Designing neural networks from statistical models: a new approach to data exploration (1995)

We develop, in the context of discriminant analysis, a general approach to the design of neural architectures. It consists in building a neural net ‘around ’ a statistical model family; larger networks, made up of such elementary networks, are then constructed. It is shown that, on the one hand, the statistical modeling approach provides a systematic way to obtaining good approximations in the neural network context, while, on the other, neural networks offer a powerful expansion to classical model families. A novel integrated approach emerges, which stresses both flexibility (contribution of neural nets) and inter-pretability (contribution of statistical modeling). A well known data set on birth weight is analyzed by this new approach. The results are rather promising and open the way to many potential applications. 1.
In situ solvothermal syntheses of a heteronuclear copper(I)-alkaline metallic tetrazole-based coordination polymer (2009)

Three novel heteronuclear coordination complexes, namely, [Cu2K(Mtta)I2] (1), [Cu3K(Mtta)3I] (2) and [Cu2Na(Mtta)2(CH3CN)I] (3) (HMtta = 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole) have been solvothermal synthesized by CuI, MCl [M = K (1) and (2); M = Na (3)], sodium azide and acetonitrile generated via a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of acetonitrile and sodium azide. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that all complexes are three-dimensional (3D) frameworks, where complex 1 is constructed by connecting rare µ5-N bridging Mtta ligands to Cu–I–K layers, complex 2 is built up by connecting inorganic cationic [Cu6I2]4+ clusters with numerous Mtta ligands, while complex 3 is constructed from open Cu(Mtta) subnets and Na+ centers. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of all complexes have been investigated. This work further supplements the mechanism of the Demko-Sharpless reaction in heteronuclear tetrazole-based coordination polymers.
Overexpression of Shc proteins potentiates the proliferative response to the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recruitment of Grb2/SoS and Grb2/p140 complexes to the beta receptor subunit. (1995)

The high affinity receptor for GM-CSF consists of a unique alpha subunit and a beta subunit that is shared with receptors for IL-3 and IL-5. Activation of GM-CSF receptor (GMR) triggers two distinct cytoplasmic signalling pathways, JAK2 and Ras, and is sufficient to maintain proliferation of growth factor-dependent cell lines. Shc proteins are phosphorylated upon activation of GMR and may be involved in the transmission of GM-CSF signals to Ras. To define the role of Shc proteins in cells stimulated with GM-CSF, we investigated both the network of interactions that involve Shc after GM-CSF stimulation and the effects of overexpressing Shc proteins on the proliferative response to GM-CSF. Two cytoplasmic complexes, Grb2/Sos and Grb2/p140 bind through the Grb2 SH2 domain to phosphorylated Shc, and are thereby recruited to the beta subunit. Both complexes are stable, even in the absence of ligand, and depend on the direct association of p140 and Sos respectively with the SH3 domains of Grb2. p140 is an uncharacterized protein constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine and, in its Grb2-bound form, expressed only in hematopoietic cells, the oligomeric complex formed by phosphorylated beta subunit-phosphorylated Shc-Grb2-SoS-p140 is also induced by IL-3 and L-5 stimulation of growth-factor dependent cell lines. Overexpression of wild-type Shc proteins in growth factor-dependent cells increases both MAP kinase activation and proliferation in response to GM-CSF. These effects require the association of Shc with Grb2. Taken together these results indicate that phosphorylation of Shc proteins is a crucial step in the transmission of GM-CSF proliferative stimuli, since it creates a high affinity binding site for the Grb2/SoS complex, whose function is to activate Ras and, for the Grb2/p140 complex, whose function remains unknown.
Biochemical characteristics of clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei (1996)

The biochemical characteristics of 213 isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from patients with melioidosis and 140 isolates from the soil in central and northeastern Thailand were compared. Whereas the biochemical profiles of all the clinical isolates were similar, all soil isolates from the central area and 25% of isolates from northeastern Thailand comprised a different phenotype. This was characterised by the ability to assimilate L-arabinose (100%), adonitol (100%), 5-keto-gluconate (90%) and D-xylose (84%), but failure to assimilate dulcitol (0%), erythritol (0%) and trehalose (10%). Compared with clinical isolates, these organisms had similar antibiotic susceptibility profiles and were also recognised by a specific polyclonal antibody against B. pseudomallei. As melioidosis is rare in central Thailand, but common in the northeast, this raises the possibility that this biochemical phenotype may be less virulent, or may even represent a different species.
Impairment of Long-term Potentiation and Associative Memory in Mice That Overexpress Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase (2000)

Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, generally are considered neurotoxic molecules whose effects can be alleviated by antioxidants. Different from this view, we show that scavenging of superoxide with an antioxidant enzyme is associated with deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a putative neural substrate of memory, and hippocampal-mediated memory function. Using transgenic mice that overexpress extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), a superoxide scavenger, we found that LTP was impaired in hippocampal area CA1 despite normal LTP in area CA3. The LTP impairment in area CA1 could be reversed by inhibition of EC-SOD. In addition, we found that EC-SOD transgenic mice exhibited impaired long-term memory of fear conditioning to contextual cues despite exhibiting normal short-term memory of the conditioning experience. These findings strongly suggest that superoxide, rather than being considered exclusively a neurotoxic molecule, should also be considered a signaling molecule necessary for normal neuronal function.
Ultrastructure of a hyaluronic acid matrix (1982)

Freeze-etch replicas of a hylauronic acid matrix were visualized by electron microscopy. In water a coarse branching fibrillar network of hyaluronic acid aggregates was seen. The high solvent permeability of this matrix suggests that the spaces observed are relatively devoid of unaggregated polymer. Addition of calcium disordered the matrix, resulting in a more dispersed felt of polymer.