gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and localization of epitope‐tagged protein kinase CK2 (1997)

Protein kinase CK2, formerly known as casein kinase II, is a ubiquitous protein serine/threonine kinase. The enzyme exists in tetrameric complexes composed of two catalytic (CK2α and/or CK2α′) subunits and two subunits (CK2β) that appear to have a role in modulating the activity of the catalytic subunits. With the exception of their unrelated carboxy-terminal domains, the two isozymic forms of mammalian CK2 display extensive sequence identity. Furthermore, CK2α and CK2α′ exhibit remarkable conservation between species, suggesting that they may have unique functions. In the present study, the cDNAs encoding CK2α and CK2α′ were modified by addition of the hemagglutinin tag of the influenza virus at the amino terminus of the respective proteins. The epitope-tagged proteins were transfected into Cos-7 cells and the localization of the expressed proteins determined by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies specific for the epitope tag. The use of transfection favors the formation of homotetrameric complexes (i.e., α2β2, α′2β2) instead of heterotetrameric complexes (i.e., αα′β2) that are present in many cells. Epitope-tagged CK2α and CK2α′ displayed kinase activity and the ability to form complexes with CK2β. The results of these studies also indicate definitively that CK2α and CK2α′ are both localized predominantly within the nucleus. Mutation of conserved lysine residues within the ATP binding domains of CK2α and CK2α′ resulted in loss of kinase activity. However, examination of these mutants indicates that kinase activity is not essential for formation of complexes between subunits of CK2 and is not required for nuclear localization of CK2. J. Cell. Biochem. 64: 525–537. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optical polarisers of high extinction ratio integrated on oxidised silicon substrate (1984)

Theoretical performances of integrated polarisers realised by metallic coating of planar waveguides on oxidised silicon substrate are discussed. Measurements are reported for aluminium and chromium-gold coatings, giving extinction ratios in excess of 40 dB, with attenuations (TE polarisation) lower than 1 dB, and interaction lengths of about 2 mm.
Tuning protein expression using synonymous codon libraries targeted to the 5′ mRNA coding region (2010)

In bacteria, the 5' mRNA coding region plays an important role in determining translation output. Here, we report synthetic sequences that when placed in the 5'-mRNA coding region, leading to recombinant proteins containing short N-terminal extensions, virtually abolish, enhance or produce intermediate expression levels of green fluorescent protein in Escherichia coli. At least in one case, no apparent effect on protein stability was observed, pointing to RNA level effects as the principal reason for the observed expression differences. Targeting a synonymous codon library to the 5' coding sequence allowed tuning of protein expression over ~300-fold with preservation of amino acid identity. This approach is simple and should be generally applicable in bacteria. The data support that features in the 5' mRNA coding region near the AUG start codon are key in determining translation output and hence is important to recombinant and, most certainly, endogenous gene expression.
Pseudosarcomatous Changes in Antrochoanal Polyps (1974)

Two patients with antrochoanal polyps with pseudosarcomatous changes noted on histologic examination of the specimens are reported. The bizarre cellular structure of the lesions initially caused confusion of these benign polyps with sarcomas. The surgeon and pathologist are alerted to the occurrence of these changes, and caution is recommended in readily accepting a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm in otherwise typical-appearing antrochoanal polyps.
Secretory Immunoglobulin A: from Mucosal Protection to Vaccine Development (1999)

Immune responses taking place in mucosal tissues are typified by secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) molecules, which are assembled from proteins expressed in two cell lineages. The heavy and light chains as well as the J chain are produced in plasma cells, whereas the secretory component (SC) is associated to the immunoglobulin complex during transcytosis across the epithelial layer. S-IgA antibodies represent the predominant immunoglobulin class in external secretions, and the best defined entity providing specific immune protection for mucosal surfaces by blocking attachment of bacteria and viruses. S-IgA constitutes greater than 80% of all antibodies produced in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in humans. The existence of a common mucosal immune system permits immunization on one mucosal surface to induce secretion of antigen-specific S-IgA at distant sites. In addition, S-IgA antibodies not only function in external secretions, but also exert their antimicrobial properties within the epithelial cell during transport across the epithelium. Passive mucosal delivery of monoclonal IgA molecules neutralizes pathogens responsible for gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Mucosal and systemic immunity can be achieved by orally administered recombinant S-IgA molecules carrying a protective bacterial epitope within the SC polypeptide primary sequence.
REACTOR-MEMBRANE PERMEATOR CASCADE FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTION AND RECOVERY OF H <sub>2</sub> AND CO <sub>2</sub> FROM THE CATALYTIC METHANE-STEAM REFORMING REACTION (1997)

The catalytic reforming of methane by steam is an important industrial process that produces H2, CO and CO2, thus chemically transforming natural gas, coal gas and light hydrocarbon feedstocks to synthesis gas or hydrogen fuel. Methane-steam reforming may consist of a number of reactions depending on the reforming catalyst, operating conditions and feedstock composition, The typical industrially desirable reactions are the reverse of methanation (CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2) and the water-gas shift (CO + H2O = CO2 + H2). Both reactions are equilibrium limited and the composition of the mixture that exits the reformer is in accordance with the one calculated thermodynarmically. Removal of reaction products at the reactor exit by means of selective membrane permeation can offer improved CH4 conversions and CO2 and H2 yields, assuming the subsequent utilization of the reject streams by a second methane-steam reformer. We numerically investigated the feasibility of a system of two tubular methane-steam reformers, in series with an intermediate permselective polyimide membrane permeator, as means of improving the overall CH4 conversion and the H2, CO2 yields over conventional methane-steam reforming equilibrium reaction-separation schemes that are currently in industrial practice. The unique feature of the permselective polyimide separator is the simultaneous removal of H2 and CO2 versus CH4 and CO from the reformed streams. The utilized 6FDA-3,3′, 5,5′-TMB aromatic polyimide was reportedly characterized [10] and found to exhibit superior permselective properties compared with other polyimides of the same or different dianhydride sequence. Conversion and yield of the designed reactor-membrane permeator reforming system can be maximized by optimizing the permselective properties of the membrane material and the design variables of the reactors and the permeator. Product recovery and purity in the permeate stream need to be compromised to overall enhance methane conversion and product yield. The operating variables that were varied to investigate their effect on the magnitude of conversion and yield included the inlet pressure of the first reformer, the temperature of both reformers, and the permeator dimensionless Pe' number (variation of the first two variables results to a drastic change in the composition of the reformed stream that enters into the permeator). The numerical results show that the new reformer-membrane permeator cascade process can be more effective (it can offer increased CH4 conversions and H2, CO2 yields) than conventional equilibrium methane-steam reforming reaction-separation processes currently in practice.
Influence of low lanthanum doping on the electrical characteristics of PZT(53/47) (2009)

Lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate with compositions (Pb1−3/2x Lax)(Zr0.53Ti 0.47)O3 (0.001 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.02) have been synthesized by the sol–gel method. The effect of La3+-doping with regard to the development of the crystalline phase, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics has been investigated. The various mechanisms by which the A-site aliovalent La3+-dopant influences the dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics have also been established.
Pluronic lecithin organogel (2008)

The purpose of this review is to give detail insight of pluronic lecithin organogels (PLOs) as a topical and transdermal drug delivery system. Pluronic lecithin organogel is a microemulsion-based gel that has been effectively used by physicians and pharmacists to deliver hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs topically and transdermally across the stratum corneum. It is thermodynamically stable, viscoelastic, and biocompatible gel composed of phospholipids (lecithin), organic solvent, and polar solvent. Various types of therapeutic agents have been easily incorporated in PLO to improve their topical drug delivery. Pluronic lecithin organogel improves the topical administration of drug mainly because of desired drug partitioning, biphasic drug solubility, and the modification of skin barrier system by organogel components. Beside this, it shows low skin irritation, increases patient compliance, reduces side effects, avoids first pass metabolism, and increases efficiency of drug. In addition, PLO has been shown in vivo and in vitro to modulate the release and permeation of drugs applied transdermally. Thus, in future, it has wide range of applications and opportunities to experiment with various drugs in this type of drug delivery system.
The formation of “inverted” core‐shell latexes (1983)

Abstract It has been found that when hydrophobic monomers are polymerized in the presence of highly hydrophilic polymer seed particles, the second‐stage hydrophobic polymers form cores surrounded by the first‐stage hydrophilic polymers, resulting in “inverted” core‐shell latexes. The formation of core‐shell morphology by this inversion process has been found to be dependent on the hydrophilicity and molecular weight of the first‐stage hydrophilic polymers and the extent of phase separation between the two polymers involved. Particle morphology has been examined by electron microscopy, surface acid titration, alkali swelling of particles, and surface reactivity.
Editorial: Maths difficulties & maths teaching (2003)

(2003). Editorial: Maths difficulties & maths teaching. Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 2-3.
De Novo Infection in a Renal Transplant Recipient Caused by Novel Mutants of Hepatitis B Virus Despite the Presence of Protective Anti–Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (2003)

A renal transplant recipient became persistently positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) despite preexisting anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibodies. The antigenicity and immunogenicity of wild-type (wt) and mutant HBs antigens (Ags) were compared. In contrast to wt HBsAg, genetic vaccination with mutant HBsAgs did not induce anti-HBs. Thus, mutations within HBsAg may enable HBV to escape immunological control.
Thy-1+ Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Adversely Impact Lung Cancer Prognosis (2017)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) regulate diverse intratumoral biological programs and can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis, but those CAF populations that negatively impact the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients have not been fully elucidated. Because Thy-1 (CD90) marks CAFs that promote tumor cell invasion in a murine model of Kras<sup>G12D</sup>-driven lung adenocarcinoma (Kras<sup>LA1</sup>), here we postulated that human lung adenocarcinomas containing Thy-1<sup>+</sup> CAFs have a worse prognosis. We first examined the location of Thy-1<sup>+</sup> CAFs within human lung adenocarcinomas. Cells that co-express Thy-1 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a CAF marker, were located on the tumor periphery surrounding collectively invading tumor cells and in perivascular regions. To interrogate a human lung cancer database for the presence of Thy-1<sup>+</sup> CAFs, we isolated Thy-1<sup>+</sup> CAFs and normal lung fibroblasts (LFs) from the lungs of Kras<sup>LA1</sup> mice and wild-type littermates, respectively, and performed global proteomic analysis on the murine CAFs and LFs, which identified 425 proteins that were differentially expressed. Used as a probe to identify Thy-1<sup>+</sup> CAF-enriched tumors in a compendium of 1,586 lung adenocarcinomas, the presence of the 425-gene signature predicted a significantly shorter survival. Thus, Thy-1 marks a CAF population that adversely impacts clinical outcome in human lung cancer.
Small beam astigmatism of AlGaInP visible laser diode using selfaligned bend waveguide (1992)

A small beam astigmatism with an AlGaInP visible-laser diode using a selfaligned bend waveguide structure is demonstrated. A stable beam astigmatism of less than 1 μm is maintained, which is a very small value for AlGaInP visible laser diodes.
Restricted α/β receptor gene usage of idiotype‐specific major histocompatibility complex‐restricted T cells: Selection for CDR3‐related sequences (1992)

We have sequenced the T cell receptor (TcR) V alpha and V beta genes of seven independent BALB/c CD4+ T cell clones specific for the immunoglobulin lambda 2 light chain produced by the MOPC 315 myeloma (lambda 2(315)). All the clones recognize a peptide of residues 91-101 of lambda 2(315) and are restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule I-E(d). The results indicate that in BALB/c mice, this anti-idiotypic response uses a very limited number of TcR. The four clones which cross-react between Phe94 and Tyr94 peptide analogues use very similar receptors (V alpha 3, J alpha 1, V beta 6, J beta 1.1). The V alpha 3 gene used by all of these clones is identical and has not been previously described. Although the four clones differ in nucleotide sequence in the V/J borders, two had identical receptors at the amino acid level. One of the cross-reactive clones exhibits a heteroclitic response to the Tyr94 peptide variant resulting from a single amino acid exchange in the V/J junction of the alpha chain. The three remaining clones which recognize only the Phe94 and not the Tyr94 peptide have somewhat more diverse TcR, however, two of these three clones use V beta 6. One of these non-crossreacting clones is alloreactive, the specificity of which can be attributed to differences in the N-D-J sequences. Taken together these data indicate that this T cell response to an immunoglobulin idiotope is very restricted in terms of the TcR used. These data in conjunction with recently published results indicate that, although there can be strong preference for individual V alpha or V beta gene segments, certain V alpha/V beta combinations are preferentially selected for interacting with a given peptide/MHC combination, and that the CDR3-related regions are crucial for antigen fine specificity and alloreactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Crystal Structure of Ln<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17‐x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub> Compounds. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measurement of fat thickness in man: a comparison of ultrasound, Harpenden calipers and electrical conductivity (1966)

1. Subcutaneous fat thickness has been measured by three different techniques in forty-one subjects. 2. Ultrasound provided the most accurate measurement in experienced hands. 3. A method based on electrical conductivity was also accurate but was unpleasant for the subject. 4. Harpenden calipers were the least satisfactory of the three techniques tested.
MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (MIF) MEDIATES LATE CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING THERMAL INJURY (2004)

Willis, M; Carlson, D; DiMaio, M; White, M; White, J; Horton, J; Giroir, B Author Information
Show, Adapt and Tell: Adversarial Training of Cross-domain Image Captioner (2017)

Impressive image captioning results are achieved in domains with plenty of training image and sentence pairs (e.g., MSCOCO). However, transferring to a target domain with significant domain shifts but no paired training data (referred to as cross-domain image captioning) remains largely unexplored. We propose a novel adversarial training procedure to leverage unpaired data in the target domain. Two critic networks are introduced to guide the captioner, namely domain critic and multi-modal critic. The domain critic assesses whether the generated sentences are indistinguishable from sentences in the target domain. The multi-modal critic assesses whether an image and its generated sentence are a valid pair. During training, the critics and captioner act as adversaries -- captioner aims to generate indistinguishable sentences, whereas critics aim at distinguishing them. The assessment improves the captioner through policy gradient updates. During inference, we further propose a novel critic-based planning method to select high-quality sentences without additional supervision (e.g., tags). To evaluate, we use MSCOCO as the source domain and four other datasets (CUB-200-2011, Oxford-102, TGIF, and Flickr30k) as the target domains. Our method consistently performs well on all datasets. In particular, on CUB-200-2011, we achieve 21.8% CIDEr-D improvement after adaptation. Utilizing critics during inference further gives another 4.5% boost.
[Prenatal diagnosis from fetal blood]. (1991)

Fetal blood sampling under ultrasound guidance allows prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobin and coagulation disorders but also infectious fetal diseases (i.e. toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus). In utero, therapeutic possibilities have considerably reduced the number of therapeutic abortions.
The Convergence-Guaranteed Random Walk and Its Applications in Peer-to-Peer Networks (2008)

Network structure construction and global state maintenance are expensive in large-scale dynamic peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. With inherent topology independence and low state maintenance overhead, random walk is an excellent tool in such network environments. However, the current uses are limited to unguided or heuristic random walks with no guarantee on their converged node visitation probability distribution. Such a convergence guarantee is essential for strong analytical properties and high performance of many P2P applications. In this paper, we investigate an approach for random walks to converge to application-desired node visitation probability distributions while only requiring information about the direct neighbors of each peer. Our approach is guided by the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampling. Our contributions are threefold. First, we analyze the convergence time of the random walk node visitation probability distribution on common P2P network topologies. Second, we analyze the fault tolerance of our random walks in dynamic networks with potential walker losses. Third, we present the effectiveness of random walks in assisting three realistic network applications: random membership subset management, search, and load balancing. Both search and load balancing desire random walks with biased node visitation distributions to achieve application-specific goals. Our analysis, simulations, and Internet experiment demonstrate the advantage of our random walks compared with alternative topology-independent index-free approaches.
Subjective quality assessment IRCCyN/IVC database (2005)

Subjective database
Another way to treat pain (2005)

Barton, Md. The comments appearing in this column are excerpted from readers' correspondence. Send your letter, complete mailing address, and credentials to: Letters Editor, Nursing2005, 323 Norristown Rd., Suite 200, Ambler, PA 19002, or e-mail to [email protected]. Please include your e-mail address and daytime telephone number.
Abnormal Adherence of Sickle Erythrocytes to Cultured Vascular Endothelium (1980)

The abnormal shape and poor deformability of the sickled erythrocyte (RBC) have generally been held responsible for the microvascular occlusions of sickle cell disease. However, there is no correlation between the clinical severity of this disease and the presence of sickled RBC. In searching for additional factors that might contribute to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, we have investigated the possibility that sickle RBC might be less than normally repulsive of the vascular endothelium. After RBC suspensions are allowed to settle onto plates of cultured human endothelial cells, normal RBC are completely removed by as few as six washes. In contrast, sickle RBC remain adherent despite multiple washes. On subconfluent culture plates, normal RBC are distributed randomly, whereas sickle RBC cluster around endothelial cells. Sickle RBC adherence is not enhanced by deoxygenation but does increase with increasing RBC density. The enzymatic removal of membrane sialic acid greatly diminishes the adherence of sickle RBC to endothelial cells, suggesting that sialic acid participates in this abnormal cell-cell interaction. Although net negative charge appears normal, sickle RBC mainfest an abnormal clumping of negative surface charge as demonstrated by localization of cationized ferritin. These abnormalities are reproduced in normal RBC loaded with nonechinocytogenic amounts of calcium. We conclude that sickle RBC adhere to vascular endothelial cells in vitro, perhaps caused by a calcium-induced aberration of membrane topography. This adherence may be a pathogenetic factor in the microvascular occlusions characteristic of sickle cell disease.
Simple method to evaluate coupling functions at antireflection-coated diode facets facing grating reflectors of long external cavities (1993)

The spectral content of the reflected light from a grating, positioned at a distance much longer than the diode length to form an external-cavity semiconductor laser, has been studied. The analytical expressions derived show that the coupling coefficient at the antireflection (AR)-coated diode facet facing the extended cavity can be divided into two factors, of which one is due to the off-overlapping between the centers of the diode mode and its reflected counterpart, and the other is due to the alteration of the wave vector after being dispersed by the grating.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>