gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airborne Vehicle Mapping of Curvilinear Objects Using 2-D Splinegon (2009)

This paper describes a recently proposed algorithm in mapping the unknown obstacle in a stationary environment where the obstacles are represented as curved in nature. The focus is to achieve a guaranteed performance of sensor-based navigation and mapping. The guaranteed performance is quantified by explicit bounds of the position estimate of an autonomous aerial vehicle using an extended Kalman filter to track the obstacle and extract its map. The Dubins path planning algorithm is used to provide a flyable and safe path to the vehicle to fly from one location to another. The 2-D Splinegon technique is presented for the mapping of the unknown complex obstacles. This Splinegon technique, which is the most efficient and a robust way to estimate the boundary of a curved-nature obstacles, can provide mathematically provable performance guarantees that are achievable in practice.
Primary invasive squamous carcinoma of the vagina. (1979)

Forty-three cases of primary vaginal squamous cell cancer were treated at the University of Wisconsin Hospital between 1956 and 1971. These cases comprised 1.2% of patients admitted to the University Hospital with female genital tract cancer. Evidence is presented to support a modification of the currently accepted FIGO staging system for vaginal carcinoma (Stage II disease). Radiation therapy using both external beam and brachyradium equivalents or interstitial implantation of suitable isotopes was an effective method for the treatment of patients having early and locally advanced invasive vaginal cancer. The 5-year absolute survival rate for the entire series was 37.2%. Absolute survival rate by modified FIGO clinical staging was 66% for Stages I and IIA, 31% for Stage IIB, 25% for Stage III, and 0% for Stage IV.
Epitope-specific immunotherapy induces immune deviation of proinflammatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

Modulation of epitope-specific immune responses would represent a major addition to available therapeutic options for many autoimmune diseases. The objective of this work was to induce immune deviation by mucosal peptide-specific immunotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to dissect the related immunological mechanisms by using a technology for the detection of low-affinity class II-restricted peptide-specific T cells. A group of patients with early RA was treated for 6 months orally with dnaJP1, a peptide that induces proinflammatory T cell responses in naive RA patients. Immunological analysis at initial, intermediate and end treatment points showed an intriguing change from proinflammatory to regulatory T cell function. In fact, dnaJP1-induced T cell production of IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly when initial and end treatment points were compared, whereas dnaJP1-induced T cell proliferation and production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α decreased significantly. The total number of dnaJP1-specific cells did not change over time, whereas expression of foxP3 by CD4 + CD25 bright cells increased, suggesting that the treatment affected regulatory T cell function. Thus, rather than clonal deletion, the observed change in immune reactivity to dnaJP1 was the outcome of treatment-induced emergence of T cells with a different functional phenotype. This study contributes to our knowledge of mechanisms and tools needed for antigen-specific immune modulation in humans, thus laying the foundation for exploitation of this approach for therapeutic purposes.
Finite Volume Methods (2002)

In this chapter we begin to study finite volume methods for the solution of conservation laws and hyperbolic systems. The fundamental concepts will be introduced, and then we will focus on first-order accurate methods for linear equations, in particular the upwind method for advection and for hyperbolic systems. This is the linear version of Godunov's method, which is the fundamental starting point for methods for nonlinear conservation laws, discussed beginning in Chapter 15. These methods are based on the solution to Riemann problems as discussed in the previous chapter for linear systems.
High-performance back-illuminated InGaAs/InAlAs MSM photodetector with a record responsivity of 0.96 A/W (1992)

A high-performance back-illuminated In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/InP metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detector is reported. A record responsivity of 0.96 A/W at 1.3- mu m wavelength, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 92%, was measured at 5 V and showed virtually no internal gain at 20 V. Packaged devices with 150- mu m-diameter large detection area showed a 3-dB bandwidth of 4 GHz at 5 V with fiber pigtail butt-coupled package and 3.5 GHz with fiber pigtail silicon V-grooved package. Switching to front-illumination improves the bandwidth by 30-40% with 45-50% reduction of responsivity. Planar and mesa devices both show a low capacitance per unit area of 3.0 nF/cm/sup 2/ and dark current density of 5.6*10/sup -5/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 5 V. Preliminary reliability test results show that the detector biased at 5 V survived temperature cycling of -35 degrees C to 200 degrees C, high-temperature burn-in at 125 degrees C for 168 h and subsequent short-term accelerated aging at 200 degrees C for 120 h without degradation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Game of Chong Yuen Chow (1991)

Summary Chong Yuen Chow is a Chinese game played with six dice and sixty‐three sticks. This gambling game is a nice little game for students to simulate on the computer. The students may then be able to study its statistical properties.
Effects of the Olive Tree Leaf Constituents on Myocardial Oxidative Damage and Atherosclerosis (2015)

The olive (Olea europaea) leaf is considered an important traditional herbal medicine utilized against infectious diseases, and for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. Moreover, olive leaf constituents have been related to cardioprotection, probably due to their association with cellular redox modulating effects. The pathogenesis of certain common diseases, including those of the cardiovascular system, involves oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. Olive polyphenolic compounds, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, or tyrosol, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, anti-ischemic, and hypolipidemic effects on the myocardium as demonstrated by various in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the olive leaf constituents in the prevention of cardiac dysfunction and highlight future perspectives in their use as cardioprotective agents in therapeutics.
Dispersion and parallel assembly of sulfonated graphene in waterborne epoxy anticorrosion coatings (2019)

Graphene derivatives can function as a barrier reinforcement in waterborne epoxy (WEP) coatings.
A 1.2 V Reactive-Feedback 3.1–10.6 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier in 0.13 $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS (2007)

A 15.1 dB gain, 2.1 dB (min.) noise figure low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated in 0.13 mum CMOS operates across the entire 3.1-10.6 GHz ultrawideband (UWB). Noise figure variation over the band is limited to 0.43 dB. Reactive (transformer) feedback reduces the noise figure, stabilizes the gain, and sets the terminal impedances over the desired bandwidth. It also provides a means of separating ESD protection circuitry from the RF input path. Bias current-reuse limits power consumption of the 0.87mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> IC to 9 mW from a 1.2 V supply. Comparable measured results are presented from both packaged and wafer probed test samples
TagAssist: Automatic tag suggestion for blog posts (2007)

In this paper, we describe a system called TagAssist that provides tag suggestions for new blog posts by utilizing existing tagged posts. The system is able to increase the quality of suggested tags by performing lossless compression over existing tag data. In addition, the system employs a set of metrics to evaluate the quality of a potential tag suggestion. Coupled with the ability for users to manually add tags, TagAssist can ease the burden of tagging and increase the utility of retrieval and browsing systems built on top of tagging data. Categories and Subject Descriptors
Genetic transformation of the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus and of other Thermus spp (1986)

Genetic transformation of auxotrophs of the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB27 to prototrophy was obtained at high frequencies of 10(-2) to 10(-1) when proliferating cell populations were exposed to chromosomal DNA from a nutritionally independent wild-type strain. The transformation frequency was proportional to the DNA concentration from 10 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml. T. thermophilus HB27 cells did not require chemical treatment to induce competence, although optimal transformation was obtained by the addition of a divalent cation (Ca2+ or Mg2+). Competence was maintained throughout the growth phase, with the highest transformation frequencies at pH 6 to 9 and at 70 degrees C. T. thermophilus HB27 and four other typical Thermus strains, T. thermophilus HB8, T. flavus AT62, T. caldophilus GK24, and T. aquaticus YT1, were also transformed to streptomycin resistance by DNA from their own spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutants. A cryptic plasmid, pTT8, from T. thermophilus HB8 was introduced into T. thermophilus HB27 Pro- at a frequency of 10(-2).
Modulation of Pro-survival Akt/Protein Kinase B and ERK1/2 Signaling Cascades by Quercetin and Its in Vivo Metabolites Underlie Their Action on Neuronal Viability (2003)

Much recent interest has focused on the potential of flavonoids to interact with intracellular signaling pathways such as with the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. We have investigated whether the observed strong neurotoxic potential of quercetin in primary cortical neurons may occur via specific and sensitive interactions within neuronal mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling cascades, both implicated in neuronal apoptosis. Quercetin induced potent inhibition of both Akt/PKB and ERK phosphorylation, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of BAD and a strong activation of caspase-3. High quercetin concentrations (30 microM) led to sustained loss of Akt phosphorylation and subsequent Akt cleavage by caspase-3, whereas at lower concentrations (<10 microM) the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation was transient and eventually returned to basal levels. Lower levels of quercetin also induced strong activation of the pro-survival transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, although this did not prevent neuronal damage. O-Methylated quercetin metabolites inhibited Akt/PKB to lesser extent and did not induce such strong activation of caspase-3, which was reflected in the lower amount of damage they inflicted on neurons. In contrast, neither quercetin nor its O-methylated metabolites had any measurable effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. The glucuronide of quercetin was not toxic and did not evoke any alterations in neuronal signaling, probably reflecting its inability to enter neurons. Together these data suggest that quercetin and to a lesser extent its O-methylated metabolites may induce neuronal death via a mechanism involving an inhibition of neuronal survival signaling through the inhibition of both Akt/PKB and ERK rather than by an activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated death pathway.
Buffered multicast routing for video-on-demand systems (2003)

Multicast communications is one of the critical techniques to enhance the video-on-demand (VOD) service scale by sharing the communication bandwidth. However, in the typical multicast communication, all receivers are expected to access the same multicast stream at approximately the same time. Therefore, only few customers can be served in the same multicast stream and additional multicast streams are required since most requests issued at different time. We propose a new multicast routing scheme to relax this time constraint, i.e. to allow the customers accessing the same multicast stream at various time. We call this new communications, buffered multicast communications. Furthermore, this type of services can be simply implemented by buffering the incoming streams on the intermediate routing nodes in a multicast tree. Based on this buffering technique, we present two buffered multicast routing algorithms. In addition, our simulation shows that the buffered multicast routing scheme tremendously reduces the transmission cost on the VOD systems. In addition, given the system resources, we derive a formula to accurately estimate the required multicast streams.
Cadherins in development: cell adhesion, sorting, and tissue morphogenesis (2006)

Tissue morphogenesis during development is dependent on activities of the cadherin family of cell-cell adhesion proteins that includes classical cadherins, protocadherins, and atypical cadherins (Fat, Dachsous, and Flamingo). The extracellular domain of cadherins contains characteristic repeats that regulate homophilic and heterophilic interactions during adhesion and cell sorting. Although cadherins may have originated to facilitate mechanical cell-cell adhesion, they have evolved to function in many other aspects of morphogenesis. These additional roles rely on cadherin interactions with a wide range of binding partners that modify their expression and adhesion activity by local regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and diverse signaling pathways. Here we examine how different members of the cadherin family act in different developmental contexts, and discuss the mechanisms involved.
Functionalization of 2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro-<i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic Acid Methyl Ester (1987)

Abstract The acetyl protected 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydroneuraminic acid methyl ester was functionalized by modifying its 2,3-double bond to convert it into new glycosyl donors such as 2,3-dibromo-, 2,3-epoxy-, and 2-halo-3-hydroxyneuraminic acid derivatives.
[Clinical indications of an auxiliary effect of antihistamines (parenteral benadryl) in the treatment of RSV infections of cattle]. (1993)

The BRSV-infection belongs to the Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) complex. Because of its clinical features as well as pathomorphological and histopathological lesions it can be considered an independent disease. Therefore, concepts of treatment deviating from conventional BRD have to be applied. In addition to antibiotic therapy, therefore, the effect of treatment with the antihistamine Diphenylhydramin (Benadryl-parenteral, Parke Davis) was checked. For the evaluation the internal body temperature was used as measure. With the additional daily application of the antihistamine to the antibiotic therapy the animals were faster without fever. The difference was significant.
Enabling visually impaired people to use the Internet (1997)

Currently available screen reading products allow the visually impaired user to read the screen using speech synthesis or Braille display hardware. Most of these applications are only capable of reading one line of the screen at a time and the document is accessed in a sequential manner. They are also general purpose and not specifically designed for Web use. As graphical interface technology develops uninterpreted screen reading becomes less cost effective or effectual. WebChat has been developed which operates in a different manner. It presents the information contained in a World Wide Web page conceptually using speech. The screen is presented as a collection of objects consisting of a heading or link and a block of text. Using function keys the user is able to move around the page selecting headings or links from menus and reading blocks of text. Wherever appropriate different voices are used for conceptually different items of output. This paper describes the application of WebChat with particular reference to the facilities made available on the menu bar to help users orientate themselves to the contents of a Web page. (3 pages)
When biomolecules meet graphene: from molecular level interactions to material design and applications (2016)

Graphene-based materials have attracted increasing attention due to their atomically-thick two-dimensional structures, high conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and large specific surface areas. The combination of biomolecules with graphene-based materials offers a promising method to fabricate novel graphene-biomolecule hybrid nanomaterials with unique functions in biology, medicine, nanotechnology, and materials science. In this review, we focus on a summarization of the recent studies in functionalizing graphene-based materials using different biomolecules, such as DNA, peptides, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, and viruses. The different interactions between graphene and biomolecules at the molecular level are demonstrated and discussed in detail. In addition, the potential applications of the created graphene-biomolecule nanohybrids in drug delivery, cancer treatment, tissue engineering, biosensors, bioimaging, energy materials, and other nanotechnological applications are presented. This review will be helpful to know the modification of graphene with biomolecules, understand the interactions between graphene and biomolecules at the molecular level, and design functional graphene-based nanomaterials with unique properties for various applications.
Control of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbw7 (2008)

Ubiquitination is a posttranslational mechanism that controls diverse cellular processes. We focus here on the ubiquitin ligase Fbw7, a recently identified hematopoietic tumor suppressor that can target for degradation several important oncogenes, including Notch1, c-Myc, and cyclin E. We have generated conditional Fbw7 knockout animals and inactivated the gene in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), progenitors, and their differentiated progeny. Deletion of Fbw7 specifically and rapidly affects hematopoiesis in a cell-autonomous manner. Fbw7(-/-) HSCs show defective maintenance of quiescence, leading to impaired self-renewal and a severe loss of competitive repopulating capacity. Furthermore, Fbw7(-/-) progenitors are unable to colonize the thymus, leading to a profound depletion of T cell progenitors. Deletion of Fbw7 in bone marrow (BM) stem cells and progenitors leads to the stabilization of c-Myc, a transcription factor previously implicated in HSC self-renewal. On the other hand, neither Notch1 nor cyclin E is visibly stabilized in the BM of Fbw7-deficient mice. Gene expression studies of Fbw7(-/-) HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors indicate that Fbw7 regulates, through the regulation of HSC cycle entry, the transcriptional "signature" that is associated with the quiescent, self-renewing HSC phenotype.
Time‐Resolved Angiography using InfLow Subtraction (TRAILS) (2013)

In this feasibility study, we showed that Time-Resolved Angiography using InfLow Subtraction can be used to acquire hemodynamic information of the whole head in healthy volunteers with a high temporal and spatial resolution. Further studies in patients that suffer from vascular diseases to explore various flow patterns including longer transit time are needed.
Case 43-1974 (1974)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 45-year-old woman entered the hospital because of difficulty with speech and memory.For the past year she had been increasingly nervous and forgetful. She confused the names of her children, stuttered and had trouble grasping current events. Eight months before admission she left her job as a teletype operator because of increasing difficulty with her work and a concern that co-workers were talking about her. She complained of daily transient tingling sensations in the right upper limb, sometimes affecting individual fingers and at other times the entire arm. On two occasions there was . . .
Semiconductor Nanocrystals of InP@ZnS: Synthesis and Characterization (2012)

Colloidal dispersions of InP@ZnS nanoparticles were prepared using a single-step heating-up method relying at low temperature. The obtained particles are highly crystalline, monodisperse and exhibit size-dependent radiative emission in the range of 329-480 nm. By simply varying the concentration of the molecular precursor, the particles size can be controlled in the range from about 1.1 to 4.5 nm. The formation of InP nanocrystals has been confirmed using the techniques TEM, HRTEM, PL and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB<sub>1</sub>R) expression in rat dental pulp (2012)

Abstract Purpose of the research: Accumulating evidence supports the role of the cannabinoid system in providing an antinociceptive effect in various painful conditions. This effect is mediated through the Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) expressed on nociceptive afferent nerve terminals. To investigate whether this receptor plays a similar role in dental pain, we studied the presence and distribution of CB1R in rat dental pulp. Pulps from 28 maxillary molars were immunohistochemically stained with an antibody against CB1R. Principal results: Of all tooth specimens, CB1R immunoreactivity (CB1R‐ir) was observed to be associated with nerve fibers in radicular pulp and was seen as a continuous network in the subodontoblastic layer. Major conclusion: CB1R was present on nerve fibers in rat dental pulp and possibly plays a role in dental pain mechanisms.
A proposal for a new approach to a preventive vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1993)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a more complex retrovirus, coding for several accessory proteins in addition to the structural proteins (Gag, Pol, and Env) that are found in all retroviruses. More complex retroviruses have not been isolated from birds, and simpler retroviruses have not been isolated from humans. However, the proviruses of many endogenous simpler retroviruses are present in the human genome. These observations suggest that humans can mount a successful protective response against simpler retroviruses, whereas birds cannot. Thus, humans might be able to mount a successful protective response to infection with a simpler HIV-1. As a model, a simpler bovine leukemia virus which is capable of replicating has been constructed; a simpler HIV-1 could be constructed in a similar fashion. I suggest that such a simpler HIV-1 would be a safe and effective vaccine against HIV-1.
PROBABILITÀ DI COLLASSO DI UN TRATTO DI ARGINE MAESTRO DEL FIUME PO (2014)

La rottura dell’argine di un grande fiume come il Po con la conseguente formazione di una breccia è un\nfenomeno non trascurabile che deve essere messo in conto per una stima corretta del rischio idraulico. La\nmetodologia di analisi presentata, applicata ad un tratto di argine maestro in sponda destra del fiume Po, prevede\nche l’analisi della probabilità di collasso di una sezione d’argine avvenga attraverso la determinazione delle\ncurve di fragilità al variare dell’altezza idraulica del fiume. I principali meccanismi di collasso analizzati sono\nsormonto, erosione interna, scour, instabilità delle scarpate, filtrazione sotto l’argine e liquefazione. La stima\ndella probabilità di collasso è eseguita con metodo di Taylor (FOSM) e/o con il metodo MonteCarlo (MC). È\nquindi proposta una procedura semplificata per determinare la curva di fragilità composta di un tratto di argine\nomogeneo, assumendo come variabile aleatoria indipendente la portata del corso d’acqua.