gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition: Botany. II. Lichens and Lichen Parasites (1938)

Carroll W. Dodge, Gladys E. Baker, The Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition: Botany. II. Lichens and Lichen Parasites, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr., 1938), pp. 515-662+664+666+668+670+672+674+676+678+680+682+684+686+688-700+702+704+706+ 708+710+712+714+716+718
Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) still in search of a clinical application: a systematic review (2014)

Only a few years ago the American Society of Assisted Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the British Fertility Society declared preimplantation genetic screening (PGS#1) ineffective in improving in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rates and in reducing miscarriage rates. A presumably upgraded form of the procedure (PGS#2) has recently been reintroduced, and is here assessed in a systematic review. PGS#2 in comparison to PGS#1 is characterized by: (i) trophectoderm biopsy on day 5/6 embryos in place of day-3 embryo biopsy; and (ii) fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) of limited chromosome numbers is replaced by techniques, allowing aneuploidy assessments of all 24 chromosome pairs. Reviewing the literature, we were unable to identify properly conducted prospective clinical trials in which IVF outcomes were assessed based on "intent to treat". Whether PGS#2 improves IVF outcomes can, therefore, not be determined. Reassessments of data, alleged to support the efficacy of PGS#2, indeed, suggest the opposite. Like with PGS#1, the introduction of PGS#2 into unrestricted IVF practice again appears premature, and threatens to repeat the PGS#1 experience, when thousands of women experienced reductions in IVF pregnancy chances, while expecting improvements. PGS#2 is an unproven and still experimental procedure, which, until evidence suggests otherwise, should only be offered under study conditions, and with appropriate informed consents.
Anti-ulcer Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Cell Wall Polysaccharides. (1994)

The anti-ulcer effects of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and streptococci were examined using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer and ethanol-induced erosion models in rats. Bifidobacterium breve YIT4014 and 4043, and Bifidobacterium bifidum YIT4007 were administered orally, and anti-ulcer effects were confirmed for not only these organisms but also their polysaccharide fractions (PSFs). The major component of these anti-ulcer polysaccharides was rhamnose. In particular, polysaccharides in which the rhamnose content exceeded 60% were more effective in healing gastric ulcers. After administration of the PSF from B. bifidum YIT4007, the levels of epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor increased in gastric tissues. Similar results were observed for the culture supernatant of gastric epithelial cells cultured with PSF. Furthermore, the production of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha by macrophages was also enhanced by PSF. These results indicated that these bacteria and their polysaccharides induced host repair and protective systems in the gastric ulcer model.
Computation of Multiphase Equilibrium For Compositional Simulation (1982)

Abstract A numerical scheme has been developed for calculation of multiphase equilibria. The scheme is applied to a thermodynamic model that employs a modified version of the Peng-Robinson equation for all phases except possibly an aqueous phase. Henry's constants are used for computation of solute fugacities in the water phase. The numerical scheme makes "optimal" use of first-and second-order iterative schemes and circumvents the problems reported by previous investigators. An outline of the scheme is presented with references to other sources where complete details are available. Examples of two-, three-, and four-phase separations are presented to demonstrate the range of the proposed scheme. Limited comparison with experimental data also is provided. The scheme may be embedded in compositional reservoir simulators for the modeling of oil recovery by such processes as hydrocarbon gas injection, nitrogen injection, and CO2 floods.
Fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity (2008)

This work demonstrates a fabrication technique of high sensitivity flexible strain sensors at room temperature. The grown well-aligned millimeter-long single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was transferred from the silicon substrate to the pretrenched flexible substrate. The sensor design allows effective adhesion between SWCNT and flexible substrate for SWCNT lengthwise strain and piezoresistivity change. Experimental results show that the sensor achieves a high strain resolution of 0.004%. The measured piezoresistive gauge factor of the flexible sensor is 269. The demonstrated fabrication technique of flexible sensors shows advantage of high sensitivity, high quality, and is suitable for mass production.
Exciton Ionization, Franz−Keldysh, and Stark Effects in Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

We calculate the optical properties of carbon nanotubes in an external static electric field directed along the tube axis. We predict strong Franz-Keldysh oscillations in the first and second band-to-band absorption peaks, quadratic Stark effect of the first two excitons, and the field dependence of the bound exciton ionization rate for a wide range of tube chiralities. We find that the phonon-assisted mechanism dominates the dissociation rate in electro-optical devices due to the hot optical phonons. We predict a quadratic dependence of the Sommerfeld factor on the electric field and its increase up to 2000% at the critical field of the full exciton dissociation.
TLR9 activation via microglial glucocorticoid receptors contributes to degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons (2018)

Inflammation is a characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined the role of TLR9 and its regulation by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine neurons (DNs). TLR9 agonist, CpG-ODN, induced DN degeneration in mice lacking GR in microglia but not in controls. TLR9 deletion reduced DN loss in neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. GR regulates TLR9 activation during MPTP neurotoxicity as TLR9 antagonist suppressed increased DN loss in microglia/macrophage GR mutant mice. GR absence in microglia enhanced TLR9 translocation to endolysosomes and facilitated its cleavage leading to pro-inflammatory gene expression. GR-dependent TLR9 activation also triggered DN loss following intranigral injection of mitochondrial DNA. Finally, microglial GR sensitivity to A53T-alpha-synuclein induced DN degeneration as well as decreased microglial GR expression observed in SN of PD brain samples, all suggest that reduced microglial GR activity in SN can stimulate TLR9 activation and DN loss in PD pathology.
An accurate equation of state for carbon dioxide. (1985)

An equation of state for carbon dioxide is developed here that yields high accuracy in P-V-T calculations over wide ranges of temperatures (216-423 K) and pressures (to 310.3 MPa). It is particularly accurate around the critical region due to the use of "nonanalytical" terms to model the critical isotherm. Thus it is suited to applications in supercritical states. The density calculation is reliable to within 0.1-0.2 % outside the critical region, and to within 1% near the critical point. The equation has also been tested for vapor pressure and enthalpy calculations (with deviations less than 0.06 %, and 2-5 J/g, respectively). Comparison with a number of existing equations of state shows that the present equation is more dependable.
An Optimization Tool for Impact Analysis of Composite Structures (2014)

Composite materials exhibit complex failure behavior under impact loading especially such as that for composite landing gear structure. Possible failure modes in composites may include matrix cracking, fiber breakage, kinking, fiber-matrix debonding or delamination between composite plies. In order to better understand the damage mechanisms and non-linear response of composite structures under impact, complex geometries, materials, ply orientations and stacking sequence need to be considered. However, general drop test analysis for composite structures usually takes a lot of computational efforts, and it may be even more expensive for failure analysis and optimization when various structural geometries and design configurations are taken into account. This paper proposes a new methodology for evaluation and optimization of failure behavior of composite structures subjected to impact loading, whereby drop test analysis of composite structures is modeled by explicitly dynamics analysis of two-dimensional structures and implicit analysis of three-dimensional solid structures to predict delamination or out-of-plane failure. The above-mentioned modeling strategy helps speed up the optimization process and considerably save computational time and efforts. The proposed methodology together with reliable optimization algorithms and failure theory criteria are integrated and coded into a FE optimization tool by Python script. It is shown that the optimization tool effectively helps engineers and researchers perform optimization of general composite structures and fully take into account of various geometries, materials, loading configurations, composite stack-up and sequences and individual ply's orientation.
A virtual resource placement service (2011)

Server, storage, and network virtualization and the growing adoption of cloud computing has expanded both the complexity and the value of intelligent allocation and management of data center resources. Resource allocation in a cloud environment is of fundamental importance. There are many competing goals, with differing priorities, that contribute to optimizing virtual resource allocation and placement including performance, reliability, security, energy, etc. We have developed an open extensible architecture to provide placement recommendations which allows for different independently developed Domain Managers to provide input/advice on placement. We have further developed the means to orchestrate the placement, ensuring that the required configuration actions be enacted both before and after the migration of the virtual machine. This paper explores the topic of providing a core placement calculation and orchestration architecture to facilitate management of workload demands in a cloud environment. We describe this architecture for placement services and orchestration, and present some results from a prototype implementation.
LiNbO3 electro-optic modulator and switch (1976)

We demonstrate an experimental electro-optical modulator/switch based on the principle of coupled guided waves with adjustable coupling gap and interaction length. The maximum extinction ratio observed was −20 dB.
Estradiol Up-Regulates Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Gene Expression in Specific Ovine Uterine Cells1 (1997)

The regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) genes is critical to estrogen and progesterone responsiveness of the uterus during the estrous cycle. A low dose of estradiol, given to ovariectomized ewes to mimic the preovulatory estrogen surge, acutely enhanced ER and PR gene expression in most uterine cells. Estradiol effects were measured at 12, 24, and 48 h post-injection (n = 6 ewes per time) with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Whereas vehicle-treated ovariectomized ewes demonstrated low to moderate ER and PR mRNA and protein expression, estradiol enhanced PR mRNA and protein expression (at 12 h and 24 h, respectively) more rapidly than ER mRNA and protein expression (at 24 h and 48 h, respectively) in most uterine cells. However, the timing and extent of the estradiol response depended partly upon cell type (epithelial, stromal, or myometrial), cell region (luminal, superficial, middle, or deep endometrial or myometrial), adjacent cells, and prior progesterone treatment. For example, PR mRNA up-regulation was prolonged in middle and deep endometrial stroma, but increases in PR protein expression were highest in superficial and middle endometrial compartments, including the luminal epithelium. The luminal epithelium and myometrium were unique in that estradiol failed to up-regulate ER gene expression within them. ER mRNA levels rose within these compartments only when estradiol followed steroid hormone treatment designed to induce an artificial estrous cycle (estradiol-progesterone-estradiol [EPE] treatment). The EPE treatment also augmented the rise in ER mRNA concentrations within stromal cells compared to estradiol treatment alone. Within uterine cell compartments, subpopulations of adjacent cells showed distinct estradiol responses, e.g., very high levels of ER and PR gene expression within stromal cells directly underlying glandular epithelial cells. Because the estradiol response did not always correlate with initial ER protein levels and was partly dependent upon cell compartment and adjacent cells, we must conclude that direct transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional actions of estradiol cooperate with other cellular and paracrine regulatory factors to regulate ER and PR gene expression and, thus, the steroid responsiveness of uterine cells.
Flow pattern, pressure loss and liquid holdup data in gas-liquid downflow packed beds with foaming and nonfoaming hydrocarbons. (1976)

Flow patterns, pressure loss and liquid holdup for gas-liquid concurrent downflow have been studied in glass beds and in cylindrical and spherical Co/Mo/AI2O3 catalyst packings with foaming and nonfoaming liquids. The different flow patterns encountered in this study are gathered in a flow pattern diagram. Correlations of pressure loss and liquid holdup are proposed in terms of the single-phase friction loss or frictional energy for the liquid and the gas when each flows alone in the bed. The types of correlation depend on the tendency of the fluid to foam or not. A comparison of the flow diagram and the pressure drop and holdup correlation of this work with those of other published studies is also presented.
In Vitro Activities of 5-Fluorocytosine against 8,803 Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida</i> spp.: Global Assessment of Primary Resistance Using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Susceptibility Testing Methods (2002)

We determined the in vitro activity of flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine [5FC]) against 8,803 clinical isolates of Candida spp. (18 species) obtained from more than 200 medical centers worldwide between 1992 and 2001. The MICs were determined by broth microdilution tests performed according to NCCLS guidelines by using RPMI 1640 as the test medium and the following interpretive breakpoints: susceptible (S), < or =4 micro g/ml; intermediate (I), 8 to 16 micro g/ml; resistant (R), > or =32 micro g/ml. 5FC was very active against the 8,803 Candida isolates (MIC(90), 1 micro g/ml), 95% S. A total of 99 to 100% of C. glabrata (MIC(90), 0.12 micro g/ml), C. parapsilosis (MIC(90), 0.25 micro g/ml), C. dubliniensis (MIC(90), 0.12 micro g/ml), C. guilliermondii (MIC(90), 0.5 micro g/ml), and C. kefyr (MIC(90), 1 micro g/ml) were susceptible to 5FC at the NCCLS breakpoint. C. albicans (MIC(90), 1 micro g/ml; 97% S) and C. tropicalis (MIC(90), 1 micro g/ml; 92% S) were only slightly less susceptible. In contrast, C. krusei was the least susceptible species: 5% S; MIC(90), 32 micro g/ml. Primary resistance to 5FC is very uncommon among Candida spp. (95% S, 2% I, and 3% R), with the exception of C. krusei (5% S, 67% I, and 28% R). The in vitro activity of 5FC, combined with previous data demonstrating a prolonged post-antifungal effect (2.5 to 4 h) and concentration-independent activity (optimized at 4x MIC), suggest that 5FC could be used in lower doses to reduce host toxicity while maintaining antifungal efficacy.
Cutting Edge: Migration to Nonlymphoid Tissues Results in Functional Conversion of Central to Effector Memory CD8 T Cells (2007)

Memory CD8 T cells, essential for defense against intracellular pathogens, are heterogeneous with respect to phenotype and function. Constitutively lytic effector memory cells primarily reside in nonlymphoid tissues, whereas secondary lymphoid tissues contain functionally quiescent central memory cells. However, the mechanism by which functionally distinct memory populations are maintained is unknown. In this study, we show that resting CD8 memory cells modified their functional abilities upon entry into nonlymphoid tissues, as exemplified by the induction of granzyme B and lytic activity. Contemporaneously, the costimulator CD27 was down-regulated. These findings hold important implications for memory cell lineage development and tissue-specific immunity.
Inhibition of Rho kinase modulates radiation induced fibrogenic phenotype in intestinal smooth muscle cells through alteration of the cytoskeleton and connective tissue growth factor expression (2005)

This study is the first showing involvement of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway in radiation fibrosis and intestinal smooth muscle cell fibrogenic differentiation. It suggests that specific inhibition of Rho kinase may be a promising approach for the development of antifibrotic therapies.
Multi-Agent Determinantal Q-Learning (2020)

Centralized training with decentralized execution has become an important paradigm in multi-agent learning. Though practical, current methods rely on restrictive assumptions to decompose the centralized value function across agents for execution. In this paper, we eliminate this restriction by proposing multi-agent determinantal Q-learning. Our method is established on Q-DPP, an extension of determinantal point process (DPP) with partition-matroid constraint to multi-agent setting. Q-DPP promotes agents to acquire diverse behavioral models; this allows a natural factorization of the joint Q-functions with no need for \emph{a priori} structural constraints on the value function or special network architectures. We demonstrate that Q-DPP generalizes major solutions including VDN, QMIX, and QTRAN on decentralizable cooperative tasks. To efficiently draw samples from Q-DPP, we adopt an existing sample-by-projection sampler with theoretical approximation guarantee. The sampler also benefits exploration by coordinating agents to cover orthogonal directions in the state space during multi-agent training. We evaluate our algorithm on various cooperative benchmarks; its effectiveness has been demonstrated when compared with the state-of-the-art.
Coronaviruslike Particles in Human Gastrointestinal Disease (1985)

Coronaviruslike particles (CVLPs) were visualized by direct electron microscopy (EM) of diarrheal stools in 49 of 126 infants and children between 1 month and 12 years of age during a three-year observation period. The clinical and epidemiologic features of these patients were analyzed and compared with patients with diarrhea who were shedding rotaviruses, or whose stools were negative for enteric viruses by EM. Seasonal and age distributions for CVLP shedding were similar to those for rotaviruses (in most cases less than 1 year of age; peak months were September through January), as were the symptoms and median durations of illness. Prospective studies of three subsequent patients suggest that the duration of shedding in acute illness is five to at least 25 days. Multiple attempts to cultivate the CVLPs were unsuccessful. In addition, partial purification of CVLPs from stool specimens was performed, and immunologic analysis by immunoelectron microscopy and radial immunodiffusion showed no antigenic relatedness to prototype human (OC43 and 229E) or animal (bovine and canine) coronaviruses. These findings suggest that CVLPs may be an important cause of acute gastrointestinal illness in infancy, and may represent a virus antigenically unrelated to known human and animal coronaviruses.
Cloning and characterization of angiocidin, a tumor cell binding protein for thrombospondin‐1 (2004)

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matrix protein that has been implicated in mechanisms of tumor progression. Our laboratory previously showed that the CSVTCG (cys-ser-val-thr-cys-gly) sequence of TSP-1 functioned as a tumor cell adhesion domain and CSVTCG peptides as well as an anti-peptide antibody possessed anti-metastatic activity in a murine model of lung metastasis. In a subsequent study, a putative TSP-1 binding protein from lung carcinoma was isolated by CSVTCG-peptide affinity chromatography. In this study, we present the full-length cDNA of this binding protein isolated from a prostate cancer cell (PC3-NI) cDNA library. The purified recombinant protein, termed angiocidin, is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth of Lewis Lung carcinoma in vivo and tumor invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. In addition, the recombinant protein inhibits tumor and endothelial cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The activity of angiocidin both in vivo and in vitro is partially dependent on its TSP-1 binding activity, since an angiocidin deletion mutant missing a high affinity-binding site for TSP-1 failed to inhibit tumor growth in vivo and was less active in its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities in vitro. These results suggest that the anti-tumor activity of TSP-1 reported in many studies may be mediated in part by binding proteins such as angiocidin. Such proteins may function as tumor-suppressor proteins, which limit the growth of tumors by inhibiting angiogenesis and cell matrix interaction.
Age/gender classification with whole-component convolutional neural networks (WC-CNN) (2017)

A novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) solution is presented in this work to achieve human age/gender classification from their facial image data in an unconstrained environment. Our proposed Whole-Component CNN solution contains both the whole face and the facial component networks, and a confidence analysis module to handle the classification task. The proposed WC-CNN solution outperforms prior art in the challenging Adience database by a significant margin.
Enantioselective Preparation of 2,4-Disubstituted Azetidines (2000)

Chiral C2-symmetric N-benzylazetidines have been conveniently prepared from optically pure anti-1,3-diols without loss of enantiomeric purity. N-Debenzylation led to the corresponding N-unsubstituted azetidines, which were then subjected to palladium-catalysed coupling reactions with aryl bromides to afford chiral N-arylazetidines. (R,R)-N-Benzyl-2,4-dimethylazetidine has been employed in the synthesis of a new cyclopalladated complex, which can be used, for instance, as a chiral recognition agent for phosphorus ligands.
Application of polyaniline (emeraldine base, EB) in polymer light-emitting devices (1996)

We report the fabrication of several multilayer light-emitting-diode (LED) devices based on a novel conjugated polymer, poly(2,5-dihexadecanoxy phenylene vinylene pyridyl vinylene) (PPV-PPy V), involving the use of polyaniline (emeraldine base, EB) as an insulating layer between the emissive polymer layer and the electrodes. In all the above devices with various configurations (‘3-layers’, ‘4-layers’-1’, ‘4-layers-2’ and ‘5-layers’), only the symmetrically configured a.c. light-emitting (SCALE) (‘5-layers’) device shows the capability of operating in both forward and reverse bias modes and in an a.c. mode. The SCALE devices have a typical turn-on voltage of about 4–6 V and work well under both forward and reverse bias modes. It is important to note that the total resistance (R= V/I+) of the four devices at any given applied potential decreases as the number of insulating polymer layers increases, suggesting that the nature of the electrode/polymer interface plays a critical role in determining the characteristics of the devices.