gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Versican and brevican are expressed with distinct pathology in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic injury (2007)

The developing brain is uniquely susceptible to injury after exposure to hypoxia-ischemia (H-I). Lecticans are developmentally regulated in formative white matter and exert growth-inhibitory effects in several adult injury models, yet little is known regarding their role in neonatal H-I injury. The main objectives of this study were to examine the expression profiles of brevican and versican in rat using a standard H-I model and to determine whether altered expression was associated with distinct components of white and gray matter pathology. The H-I procedure in postnatal day 7 rats produced progressive injury limited to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Cresyl violet staining revealed severe cavitary infarctions at 14 and 21 days that were absent at 4 days. Cellular damage, as measured by glial fibrillary acidic protein and fractin immunoreactivity, occurred in cortical and subcortical gray matter at all end points. O4 sulfatide immunoreactivity was reduced in the external capsule, hippocampal fimbria, and corpus striatum at 4 days relative to that contralaterally, suggesting the loss of preoligodendrocytes. Brevican expression was reduced in the cortex and hippocampus at 4 days but was markedly elevated at later end points, localizing to regions of cellular damage both in and proximal to the lesion core. However, versican was reduced in the external capsule 4 days after H-I, a reduction that was sustained up to 21 days in white matter. These data demonstrate unique expression profiles for lecticans after neonatal H-I, suggesting brevican deposition is elevated in response to progressive gray matter injury, whereas diminished versican expression may be associated with deep cerebral white matter injury.
A Highly Efficient Metal‐Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst Assembled from Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene (2016)

A novel carbon-nanotube-graphene hybrid nanostructure is developed using an aerosol-assisted assembly approach. After doping with nitrogen and phosphorus, the prepared hybrid nanomaterials exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction in both alkaline and acidic media. This research presents a continuous and low-cost route to prepare high-performance metal-free electrocatalysts while replacing Pt-based materials.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 1-IMIDOYLIMINOPYRIDINIUM N-YLIDES (1976)

Abstract 1-Imidoyliminopyridinium N-ylides were prepared for the first time by the reaction of pyridinium N-imines with ethyl benzimidate, and their thermal and photochemical reactivities were examined.
Observation of large magneto-optical effects in amorphous U<i>x</i>Sb1−<i>x</i> films (1990)

Amorphous films with the compositions UxSb1−x (for x between 0.2 and 0.8) prepared by magnetron sputtering show ferromagnetic properties with Curie temperatures as high as 135 K (for x=0.45) and ordered magnetic moments of about 1.5μB. Large positive Faraday rotation values of over 2×106 deg/cm and large negative Kerr rotation values of over 3° are reported. The values of Faraday rotation are correlated with a large Hall effect, having corresponding Hall angles of up to θH=17°.
Parallelization of loops with exits on pipelined architectures (1990)

Modulo scheduling theory can be applied successfully to overlap Fortran DO loops on pipelined computers issuing multiple operations per cycle both with and without special loop architectural support. It is shown that a broader class of loops-repeat-until, while, and loops with more than one exit-where the trip count is not known beforehand, can also be overlapped efficiently on multiple issue pipelined machines. Special features that are required in the architecture as well as compiler representations for accelerating these loop constructions are discussed. The approach uses hardware architectural support, program transformation techniques, performance bounds calculations, and scheduling heuristics. Performance results are presented for a few select examples. A prototype scheduler is currently under construction for the Cydra 5 directed dataflow computer. >
Biometrics on mobile phone (2011)

In an era of information technology, mobile p h o n e s a r e m o r e a n d m o r e w i d e l y u s e d worldwide, not only for basic communications, but also as a tool to deal with personal affairs and process information acquired anywhere at any time. It is reported that there are more than 4 billion cell phone users over the world and this number still continues to grow as predicted that by 2015 more than 86% of the world population will own at least one cell phone The massive volume of wireless phone communication greatly reduces the cost of cell phones despite their increasingly sophisticated capabilities. The wireless communication capability of a cell phone has been increasingly exploited for access to remote services such as e-commerce and online bank transaction. Smart phones are providing powerful functionality, working as a miniaturized desktop computer or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). More excitingly, most of the state-of-the-art mobile phones are now being incorporated with advanced digital imaging and sensing platforms including various sensors such as GPS sensors, voice sensors (microphones), optical/electrical/magnetic sensors, temperature sensors and acceleration sensors, which could be utilized towards medical diagnostics such as heart monitoring, temperature measurement, EEG/ECG detection, hearing and vision tests to improve health care These scenarios, however, require extremely high security level for personal information and privacy protection through individual identification against un-authorized use in case of theft or fraudulent use in a networked society. Currently, the most adopted method is the verification of Personal Identification Number (PIN), which is problematic and might not be secured enough to meet this requirement. As is illustrated in a survey As a result, it is preferred to apply biometrics for the security of mobile phones and improve reliability of wireless services. As biometrics aims to recognize a person using unique features of human physiological or behavioral characteristics such as fingerprints, voice, face, iris, gait and signature, this authentication method naturally provides a very high level of security. Conventionally, biometrics works with specialized devices, for example, infrared camera for acquisition of www.intechopen.com
Optimization of level spacing in quaternary optical communication systems (2000)

In this work, the optimization of level spacing in terms of the extinction ratio variation in quaternary optical communication systems is investigated, for signal-dependent noise dominance. It is shown that the performance of optically preamplified quaternary communication systems can be optimized in terms of levels spacing using very simple formulas, also derived in this work. For the null extinction ratio, sensitivity improvements of about 6 dB can be achieved by proper location of signal levels in comparison with the sensitivity of equally spaced levels. At high extinction ratio, this improvement is not so significant.
The Use of Phospholipid Liposomes for Targeting to Oral and Skin-Associated Bacteria (1994)

Phospholipid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) plus phosphatidylinositol (PI)) proteoliposomes with surface bound lectins (succinylated concanavalin A (s con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)) have been prepared covering a range of size and surface density of lectin. Negatively charged phospholipid liposomes from DPPC-PI mixtures covering a range of PI mole % and positively charged liposomes from DPPC-cholesterol-stearylamine (SA) mixtures covering a range of SA mole % have been prepared. The targeting of the liposomes and proteoliposomes to a range of oral and skin-associated been prepared. The targeting of the liposomes and proteoliposomes to a range of oral and skin-associated bacterial biofilms has been investigated. The oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans and gordonii and the skin-associated bacterium Coryneform hofmanni can be targeted with s con A bearing proteoliposomes while the skin associated bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis can be targeted with WGA bearing proteoliposomes. Both oral and skin-associated bacteria can be targeted with positively charged liposomes although the extents of adsorption to the biofilm are low except for Staphylococcus epidermidis. In the case of negatively charged liposomes targeting is critically dependent on the PI content of the liposomes and for all the bacteria studied optimum levels PI for targeting have been found. The adsorption of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii to immobilised monolayers having the optimum PI level for adsorption has been studied by total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM). Both the phospholipid and proteoliposomes have been used to deliver the bactericide Triclosan to biofilms. All the systems studied inhibited bacterial growth to varying degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> Invades Plant Roots and Forms Biofilms (2005)

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with a broad host range, but so far the use of this organism as a biocontrol agent has not been very efficient. In previous work we showed that this bacterium protects Arabidopsis thaliana against pathogens and abiotic stress (S. Timmusk and E. G. H. Wagner, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 12:951-959, 1999; S. Timmusk, P. van West, N. A. R. Gow, and E. G. H. Wagner, p. 1-28, in Mechanism of action of the plant growth promoting bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa, 2003). Here, we studied colonization of plant roots by a natural isolate of P. polymyxa which had been tagged with a plasmid-borne gfp gene. Fluorescence microscopy and electron scanning microscopy indicated that the bacteria colonized predominantly the root tip, where they formed biofilms. Accumulation of bacteria was observed in the intercellular spaces outside the vascular cylinder. Systemic spreading did not occur, as indicated by the absence of bacteria in aerial tissues. Studies were performed in both a gnotobiotic system and a soil system. The fact that similar observations were made in both systems suggests that colonization by this bacterium can be studied in a more defined system. Problems associated with green fluorescent protein tagging of natural isolates and deleterious effects of the plant growth-promoting bacteria are discussed.
A Multiresolution Method for Distributed Parameter Estimation (1993)

A multiresolution method for distributed parameter estimation (or inverse problems) is studied numerically. The identification of the coefficient of an elliptic equation in one dimension is considered as our model problem. First, multiscale bases are used to analyze the degree of ill-posedness of the inverse problem. Second, based on some numerical results, it is shown that the method of scale-by-scale multiresolution yields robust and fast convergence. Finally, it is shown how the method gives a natural regularization approach which is complementary to Tikhonov’s regularization.
Digestive enzymes of cattle (1981)

Abstract The nature of endogenous enzymes in the alimentary tract of cattle is examined and their functions in digestive processes discussed. The main digestive enzymes in cattle are salivary and pancreatic lipase, rennin, pepsin, trypsin, lactase and amylase. Maltase and isomaltase, celliobiase, trehalase, elastase and carboxypeptidase are also present. There is no evidence that cattle secrete sucrase. Most of the enzymes secreted by the gut of cattle are present at birth, although peak activities are not always reached until animals reach 2‐3 weeks of age. These activities often persist through to maturity and are generally unaffected by rumen development. The amounts of enzymes secreted are affected by several factors including the nature of the diet, the method of feeding and age. There is also appreciable variation in the secretion of individual enzymes between animals of similar age and receiving the same diet.
Investigation on the Growth of Boron Carbide Nanowires (2002)

Simple methods for preparing boron carbide nanowires have been investigated. The methods involve thermal evaporation of C/B/B2O3 powder precursors in an argon atmosphere with or without metal catalysts. High-purity nanowires (50−200 nm) were obtained by employing a precursor that has C:B:B2O3 molar ratios of 1:2:1. Less carbon content (C:B:B2O3 = 1:8:4) yielded products exhibiting different morphologies ranging from nanowires to platelet crystals. These nanowires were considered to grow via a vapor−solid (VS) mechanism. The addition of an Fe impurity into the precursor changed the growth from a VS mechanism to a vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) one, resulting in nanowires with smaller diameters (10−30 nm). We also found that boron carbide nanowires coated with boron nitride (BN) layers could be easily produced by adding B4N3O2H into the starting materials and then subjecting the material to evaporation under a nitrogen atmosphere. The structural features of these nanowires were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy.
Transcriptional Profiling of<i>Caulobacter crescentus</i>during Growth on Complex and Minimal Media (2004)

Microarray analysis was used to examine gene expression in the freshwater oligotrophic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus during growth on three standard laboratory media, including peptone-yeast extract medium (PYE) and minimal salts medium with glucose or xylose as the carbon source. Nearly 400 genes (approximately 10% of the genome) varied significantly in expression between at least two of these media. The differentially expressed genes included many encoding transport systems, most notably diverse TonB-dependent outer membrane channels of unknown substrate specificity. Amino acid degradation pathways constituted the largest class of genes induced in PYE. In contrast, many of the genes upregulated in minimal media encoded enzymes for synthesis of amino acids, including incorporation of ammonia and sulfate into glutamate and cysteine. Glucose availability induced expression of genes encoding enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, which was demonstrated here through mutational analysis to be essential in C. crescentus for growth on glucose. Xylose induced expression of genes encoding several hydrolytic exoenzymes as well as an operon that may encode a novel pathway for xylose catabolism. A conserved DNA motif upstream of many xylose-induced genes was identified and shown to confer xylose-specific expression. Xylose is an abundant component of xylan in plant cell walls, and the microarray data suggest that in addition to serving as a carbon source for growth of C. crescentus, this pentose may be interpreted as a signal to produce enzymes associated with plant polymer degradation.
Genomic imprinting in bipolar affective disorder. (2000)

With recent advances in molecular genetics, a new mechanism proposed for the inheritance of Bipolar Disorder is Genomic Imprinting or Parent of Origin Affect. In this study of 79 consecutive first episode manic patients, predominantly male, we failed to establish the phenomenon of imprinting. With other proposed non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance, it may be that bipolar disorder is genetically heterogenous.
1564. On Note 1502 (1941)

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Xylem Water Content and Wood Density in Spruce and Oak Trees Detected by High-Resolution Computed Tomography (2001)

Elucidation of the mechanisms involved in long-distance water transport in trees requires knowledge of the water distribution within the sapwood and heartwood of the stem as well as of the earlywood and latewood of an annual ring. X-ray computed tomography is a powerful tool for measuring density distributions and water contents in the xylem with high spatial resolution. Ten- to 20-year-old spruce (Picea abies L. KARST.) and oak (Quercus robur) trees grown in the field were used throughout the experiments. Stem and branch discs were collected from different tree heights, immediately deep frozen, and used for the tomographic determinations of spatial water distributions. Results are presented for single-tree individuals, demonstrating heartwood and sapwood distribution throughout their entire length as well as the water relations in single annual rings of both types of wood. Tree rings of the sapwood show steep water gradients from latewood to earlywood, whereas those of the heartwood reflect water deficiency in both species. Although only the latest two annual rings of the ringporous species are generally assumed to transport water, we found similar amounts of water and no tyloses in all rings of the oak sapwood, which indicates that at least water storage is important in the whole sapwood.
Chemical control of brush and trees on foothill range (1963)

BLUE OAK on the woodland grass areas of Tulare County are frequently not killed by burning. Such treatments are effective in killing much of the non-sprouting brush, but sprouting species such as poison oak rapidly recover. There is always the danger that fires will escape onto other properties, including the National Forests and Parks. For these reasons, interest in methods of control in addition to fire have existed for many years in Tulare County.
Non-invasive assessment of axonal fiber connectivity in the human brain via diffusion tensor MRI (1999)

A technique for assessing in vivo fiber connectivity in the human brain is presented. The method utilizes a novel connectivity algorithm that operates in three spatial dimensions and uses estimates of fiber tract orientation and tissue anisotropy, obtained from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, to establish the pathways of fiber tracts. Sample in vivo connectivity images from healthy human brain are presented that demonstrate connections in the white matter tracts. White matter connectivity information is potentially of interest in the study of a range of neurological, psychiatric, and developmental disorders and shows promise for following the natural history of disease.
Is Early Detection of Anastomotic Leakage Possible by Intraperitoneal Microdialysis and Intraperitoneal Cytokines After Anterior Resection of the Rectum for Cancer? (2007)

The intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio and cytokines, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, were increased in patients who developed symptomatic anastomotic leakage before clinical symptoms were evident.
A commercial perspective on the development and integration of an 802.11a/b/g hiperlan/WLAN antenna into laptop computers (2006)

Commercial antenna design for wireless applications involves a significant number of tradeoffs with other competing engineering requirements. The design of an 802.11 a/b/g HiperLan/WLAN antenna into a laptop computer is used to illustrate one path taken to produce a commercially successful dual-band antenna design. The candidate design chosen was a stacked dual-slot configuration, driven with a microstrip line across both slots and shorted at appropriate edges. Coaxial cable was connected to the center of the antenna. The upper slot was shown to have a second fundamental resonance, which precluded a good match at 4.9 GHz with the high-frequency slot. This slot was truncated at its center to eliminate the undesired resonance and to allow the lowest resonance to remain intact, which, in turn, allowed for a good match at 4.9 GHz. The high-frequency slot was then optimized to create a fundamental and a second "fictitious" resonance, which allowed one to create a large impedance bandwidth, as required. The measured impedance, isolation, and gain results for an antenna integrated into a laptop are presented
Crystal growth of C60 thin films on layered substrates (1993)

The process of the C60 thin film crystal growth on layered materials such as MoS2 and mica is studied in detail with a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and reflection high-energy electron diffractometry, and is compared to that on alkali-halide (NaCl) substrates. AFM shows that a single crystal containing triangle-shaped grains of 1–2 μm size with a (111) surface terrace is grown on the MoS2 substrate over a large area through a layer-by-layer process, while the grains on mica are 200–400 nm in size and distribute with some disorder in the orientation. The epitaxial characteristics of the C60 crystal growth on these layered substrates are discussed in comparison with that on alkali-halides.
In situ transmission electron microscopy study on Nb‐doped Pb(Zr<sub>0.95</sub>Ti<sub>0.05</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> ceramics (2009)

The ferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition between the high temperature (FE(RH)) and the low temperature (FE(RL)) rhombohedral phases in a Nb-doped Pb(Zr(0.95)Ti(0.05))O(3) ceramic was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both bright field images and electron diffraction patterns were monitored as a function of temperature as well as dc electric field. A special TEM specimen holder that permits the application of electric voltage up to 600 V was employed for the study of electric field-induced phase transition. It was found that both [1/2](011)(c)- and [1/2](111)(c)-type superlattice diffraction spots were present at room temperature when the specimen was under no electric field. The [1/2](111)(c)-type superlattice spots were observed to disappear during heating above the phase transition temperature. When dc electric fields were applied at room temperature, the [1/2](111)(c)-type superlattice spots vanished as the electric field-induced FE(RL) --> FE(RH) phase transition occurred.
Communication, Collaboration, and Bugs: The Social Nature of Issue Tracking in Software Engineering (2009)

Issue tracking systems help organizations manage issue reporting, assignment, tracking, resolution, and archiving. Traditionally, it is the Software Engineering community that researches issue tracking systems, where software defects are reported and tracked as ‘bug reports’ within an archival database. Yet issue tracking is fundamentally a social process and, as such, it is important to understand the design and use of issue tracking systems from that perspective. Consequently, we conducted a qualitative study of the use of issue tracking systems by small, collocated software development teams. We found that an issue tracker is not just a database for tracking bugs, features, and inquiries, but also a focal point for communication and coordination for many stakeholders within and beyond the software team. Customers, project managers, quality assurance personnel, and programmers all contribute to the shared knowledge and persistent communication that exists within the issue tracking system. We articulate various real-world practices surrounding issue trackers and offer design implications for future systems.
REAL TIME TRAFFIC MEASUREMENT FROM SINGLE LOOP INDUCTIVE SIGNATURES (2002)

Accurate traffic data acquisition is essential for effective traffic surveillance, which is the backbone of advanced transportation management and information systems (ATMIS). Inductive loop detectors (ILDs) are still widely used for traffic data collection in the United States and many other countries. Three fundamental traffic parameters -- speed, volume and occupancy -- can be obtained via single or double (speed-trap) ILDs. Real-time knowledge of such traffic parameters is typically required for use in ATMIS from a single loop detector station, which is the most commonly used. However, vehicle speeds can not be directly obtained. Hence, the ability to accurately estimate vehicle speeds from single loop detectors is of considerable interest. In addition, operating agencies report that conventional loop detectors are unable to achieve volume count accuracies of more than 90%-95%. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the improved derivation of fundamental real-time traffic parameters such as speed, volume, occupancy and vehicle class from single loop detectors and inductive signatures.