gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-4 Suppression of In Vivo T Cell Activation and Antibody Production (2000)

Injection of mice with a foreign anti-IgD Ab stimulates B and T cell activation that results in large cytokine and Ab responses. Because most anti-IgD-activated B cells die before they can be stimulated by activated T cells, and because IL-4 prolongs the survival of B cells cultured with anti-Ig, we hypothesized that treatment with IL-4 at the time of anti-IgD Ab injection would decrease B cell death and enhance anti-IgD-induced Ab responses. Instead, IL-4 treatment before or along with anti-IgD Ab suppressed IgE and IgG1 responses, whereas IL-4 injected after anti-IgD enhanced IgE responses. The suppressive effect of early IL-4 treatment on the Ab response to anti-IgD was associated with a rapid, short-lived increase in IFN-gamma gene expression but decreased CD4+ T cell activation and decreased or delayed T cell production of other cytokines. We examined the possibilities that IL-4 stimulation of IFN-gamma production, suppression of IL-1 or IL-2 production, or induction of TNF-alpha or Fas-mediated apoptosis could account for IL-4's suppressive effect. The suppressive effect of IL-4 was not reversed by IL-1, IL-2, or anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IFN-gamma mAb treatment, or mimicked by treatment with anti-IL-2Ralpha (CD25) and anti-IL-2Rbeta (CD122) mAbs. Early IL-4 treatment failed to inhibit anti-IgD-induced Ab production in Fas-defective lpr mice; however, the poor responsiveness of lpr mice to anti-IgD made this result difficult to interpret. These observations indicate that exposure to IL-4, while T cells are first being activated by Ag presentation, can inhibit T cells activation or promote deletion of responding CD4+ T cells.
USE OF MOTOR CURRENT IN FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT FOR CENTRIFUGAL BLOOD PUMPS (1996)

Tsukiya, T.; Akamat.su, T.; Nishimura, K.; Park, C. H.; Yamada, T.; Nakazeki, T. Author Information
WalkSafe (2012)

Research in social science has shown that mobile phone conversations distract users, presenting a significant impact to pedestrian safety; for example, a mobile phone user deep in conversation while crossing a street is generally more at risk than other pedestrians not engaged in such behavior. We propose WalkSafe, an Android smartphone application that aids people that walk and talk, improving the safety of pedestrian mobile phone users. WalkSafe uses the back camera of the mobile phone to detect vehicles approaching the user, alerting the user of a potentially unsafe situation; more specifically WalkSafe i) uses machine learning algorithms implemented on the phone to detect the front views and back views of moving vehicles and ii) exploits phone APIs to save energy by running the vehicle detection algorithm only during active calls. We present our initial design, implementation and evaluation of the WalkSafe App that is capable of real-time detection of the front and back views of cars, indicating cars are approaching or moving away from the user, respectively. WalkSafe is implemented on Android phones and alerts the user of unsafe conditions using sound and vibration from the phone. WalkSafe is available on Android Market.
Wind energy conversion systems as active filters: design and comparison of three control methods (2010)

This work deals with the steady-state operation of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) used simultaneously as active filters (AFs) and power generators. This application is motivated by the increasing number of non-linear loads (NLLs) on the power grid and by the possibility to offer an economical alternative to the installation of dedicated filters that sink the harmonic currents injected by such loads. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) three different control systems that allow the simultaneous use of the WECS as AF and power generator are presented; (ii) compensation of triplen harmonics is addressed; (iii) additional power losses due to AF operation, leading to the derating of the WECS, are quantified; (iv) results based on numerical simulations are provided.
Realization of an accurate and repeatable wavelength scale for double subtractive monochromators (2012)

We present the results and discussion of two methods for achieving a higher degree of wavelength accuracy of double grating monochromators. In particular, we assessed the benefits of using differential evolution curve fitting techniques to minimize wavelength uncertainties associated with the manufacture of lead screws in sine-bar driven monochromators. Absolute wavelength-scale uncertainties better than ?0.1?nm can be realized using this technique.We also report the realization of an accurate and repeatable wavelength scale, using a novel calibration technique, that is applicable to a wide range of monochromators. We present results demonstrating the robustness of the technique by realizing an absolute wavelength scale, across four grating sets from 250?nm to 1600?nm, with scale uncertainties within ?0.02?nm and repeatable to ?0.005?nm.
Inducing Tree-Substitution Grammars (2010)

Inducing a grammar from text has proven to be a notoriously challenging learning task despite decades of research. The primary reason for its difficulty is that in order to induce plausible grammars, the underlying model must be capable of representing the intricacies of language while also ensuring that it can be readily learned from data. The majority of existing work on grammar induction has favoured model simplicity (and thus learnability) over representational capacity by using context free grammars and first order dependency grammars, which are not sufficiently expressive to model many common linguistic constructions. We propose a novel compromise by inferring a probabilistic tree substitution grammar, a formalism which allows for arbitrarily large tree fragments and thereby better represent complex linguistic structures. To limit the model’s complexity we employ a Bayesian non-parametric prior which biases the model towards a sparse grammar with shallow productions. We demonstrate the model’s efficacy on supervised phrase-structure parsing, where we induce a latent segmentation of the training treebank, and on unsupervised dependency grammar induction. In both cases the model uncovers interesting latent linguistic structures while producing competitive results. Keywords: grammar induction, tree substitution grammar, Bayesian non-parametrics, Pitman-Yor process, Chinese restaurant process 1.
Performance Study of a Variable Speed Compressor with Special Attention to Supercharging Effect (1994)

Compressor performance is ioiluenced by many factors.Besides the commonly considered factors such as suction gas heating, leakage, compressed gas re-expansion, gas pulsations, and back flow, supercharging effect on performance is also studied.Since the compressor used in this study operates in a wide speed range, from 1100 rpm up to 9000 rpm, how those factors affect the compressor performance under different speeds is quantitatively studied.However, it must be noted that the compressor studied was a research compressor (not a production compressor) and all simulation data is therefore to be interpreted on a relative scale.
Cell association and invasion of Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter jejuni (1994)

Adherence and invasion studies were conducted in monolayers of Caco-2 cells. Three-day-old monolayers were inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 at a bacterium/cell ratio of 1,000:1. Saturation studies demonstrated time- and dose-dependent saturation curves for C. jejuni cell association and invasion into Caco-2 cells. Electron microscopy revealed intracellular C. jejuni located within membrane-bound vacuoles. Cell association and invasion were inhibited by 0.3 and 0.5 M concentrations of various sugars, including D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-fucose. However, there was no inhibition with the corresponding L-sugars, indicating physiological specificity. The inhibition of cell association with phloridzin was less pronounced. There was no inhibition of bacterial entry with monodansylcadaverine or g-strophanthin, indicating that it was unlikely that coated-pit formation is important in the invasion of C. jejuni into Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, there was no inhibition with cytochalasin D, vincristine, or vinblastine. Inhibition of cell association was demonstrated at 4 degrees C. Significantly decreased cell association and invasion were seen in potassium-depleted cells. Treatment of cells with bromelain also caused reduction in the number of C. jejuni binding to cells. A nonmotile aflagellate variant of C. jejuni also showed reduced invasion. The results of this study are consistent with energy-dependent invasion mechanisms. The results do not support an endocytic method of invasion for C. jejuni into Caco-2 cells.
Better prediction of prognosis for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma using primary tumor volume (2004)

The incorporation of primary tumor volume may lead to a further refinement of the current AJCC staging system, particularly for patients with large primary tumor volumes (> 60 mL), who require more aggressive treatment. Cancer 2004.
Guided-wave optical thin-film Luneburg lenses: fabrication technique and properties (1979)

With computer-aided design and a digital-controlled lathe, shadow sputtering masks have been made with precisely tailored contour for the fabrication of guided-wave optical thin-film Luneburg lenses. Nearly diffraction-limited performance has been obtained reproducibly for a family of thin-film circular lenses ranging between F/4 and F/30 derived from generalized thin-film Luneburg lens profiles when only the center portion of the lens aperture is employed, in good agreement with numerical ray-tracing results. Both the design and construction of the mask and the analytical as well as experimental results of the thin-film generalized Luneburg lenses are reported. In addition, the fabrication tolerance for this guided-wave optical lens system is described.
Branched Polymeric Micelles: Synthesis and Encapsulation (1998)

Highly branched polymers with hydrophobic interiors and hydrophilic exteriors have been synthesized. These polymers that mimic micellar structures are hence referred to as unipolymeric micelles. Photospectroscopic methods have been employed to investigate the microenvironment of these polymers. The fluorescence quenching of the chemical probe, naphthalene, in the presence of these polymers, as well as encapsulation of the model drug, lidocaine, showed that the polymeric micelles encapsulate small hydrophobic organic molecules. By changing the hydrophobicity of the interior relative to exterior region, several property-structure relationships (e.g., water-solubility) have been established.
Rho-dependent transcriptional polarity in the ilvGMEDA operon of wild-type Escherichia coli K12. (1987)

It has been generally accepted that transcriptional polarity in prokaryotic systems is due to an uncoupling of translation and transcription which unmasks latent rho-dependent termination sites in a polycistronic messenger RNA. In this report, we identify and characterize rho-dependent termination sites responsible for transcriptional polarity in the ilvGMEDA operon of wild-type Escherichia coli K12. The ilvG gene in the wild-type E. coli K12 ilvGMEDA operon contains a frameshift site which results in termination of translation in the middle of the gene. Mutations have been characterized which restore the reading frame of this gene. In addition to allowing full-length expression of the ilvG product, these mutations cause a 3-4-fold elevation in the expression of the operon distal genes. This transcriptional polarity effect on operon distal genes also has been shown to be relieved by rho suppressor mutations. We have used in vitro transcription experiments to identify rho-dependent transcriptional termination sites downstream of the frameshift site in the ilvG gene. Three tandem rho-dependent sites have been located in the ilv'GM' gene region using transcription reactions containing linear or supercoiled plasmid DNA templates. Accumulatively, these rho-dependent termination sites account for about 80% in vitro transcription termination, which is in agreement with the in vivo measurements of transcriptional polarity on operon distal gene expression. These transcriptional experiments provide in vitro confirmation for the latent rho-dependent termination site model of transcriptional polarity.
Naturally occurring cerebrospinal parelaphostronglylosis. (1976)

An isolated case and an outbreak of parelaphostrongylosis in goats are described. Signs included tetraparesis, hemiparesis, tetraplegia, spastic gait, scoliosis, vestibular strabismus, blindness, and death. Five cases were necropsied and nematodes were seen in the brain and spinal cord of four of these. Intact adult nematodes from two cases were identified as Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, the meningeal worm of white-tailed deer. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis from affected goats showed a moderately elevated protein content, evidence of hemorrhage, and mononuclear cell and eosinophil pleocytosis. Recoveries are recorded.
Coatings for Lightning Protection of Structural Reinforced Plastics. Part 2 (1971)

Coatings and coating systems developed for protecting boron-filament- and graphite-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites from structural damage by lightning strikes were investigated and developed. These coatings are 6-mil- thick aluminum foil, 200 by 200 mesh aluminum wire fabric, 120 by 120 mesh aluminum wire fabric, and a coating containing aluminized glass filaments. These coatings all use a continuous-metal member as the protective element (e.g., metal foil, woven wire fabric, or metallized glass filaments). Each of these was found capable of preventing mechanical damage to the composite at the 100-kA test level. Very local and minor damage was frequently, but not always, detected after 200-kA testing. None of the coatings could fully protect the composites from damage due to the high- coulomb component of the artificial lightning stroke. The coatings investigated were relatively unaffected by normal aircraft environments. Their electrodynamic properties were measured and assessed.
Injected nuclei in frog oocytes: RNA synthesis and protein exchange (1976)

Nuclei from HeLa and other mammalian cells have been injected into Xenopus oocytes. The synthesis, uptake, and release of RNA and proteins by injected nuclei have been investigated by autoradiography. Injected nuclei which undergo enlargement synthesize RNA continuously for up to 28 days. When oocytes are incubated in [3H]uridine or [3H]guanosine, injected nuclei are labelled nearly as strongly as the nucleoli, but much more strongly than the nucleoplasm of the oocyte's germinal vesicle. Injected nuclei appear to increase their rate of RNA synthesis during incubation in oocytes. This apparent increase in the rate of RNA synthesis is correlated with nuclear enlargement, as well as with the loss of protein from injected nuclei and with their uptake of histone and nonhistone proteins from oocyte cytoplasm. Injected HeLa nuclei lose most of the previously synthesized RNA from their nucleoplasm, but little if any of the RNA from their remaining nucleoli.
Links Among Growth Factors, Hormones, and Nuclear Factors With Essential Roles in Bone Formation (2000)

Research performed during the last several years implicates important roles for a variety of growth factors that affect osteoblasts or their precursors during bone development, remodeling, or repair. Of these, three families of growth factors in particular-the transforming growth factor betas (TGF-betas), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-are considered to be principal local regulators of osteogenesis, although none is specific for cells of the osteoblast lineage. Therefore, mechanisms to induce skeletal tissue specificity might occur through interactions among these growth factors, with circulating hormones, or through specific intracellular mediators. In the latter case, even more recent studies point to two nuclear transcription factors, termed Core Binding Factor a1 (CBFa1) and CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein delta (C/EBPdelta), as significant regulators of the expression or activity of specific bone growth factors or their receptors. Perhaps more importantly, events that link these growth factors to nuclear proteins occur in response to glucocorticoids, sex steroids, parathyroid hormone (PTH), or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which themselves have well-known effects on bone biology. In this review, we discuss the situations and processes that initially suggested growth-factor- and hormone-specific interactions on cells within the osteoblast lineage, and present evidence for roles that CBFa1 and C/EBPdelta have on osteoblast function. Finally, we offer examples for how these factors integrate events that are associated with various aspects of bone formation.
LXXVI.—The action of ozone on cellulose. Part III. Action on beech wood (lignocellulose) (1913)

C. Dorée and M. Cunningham, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1913, 103, 677 DOI: 10.1039/CT9130300677
Building Manycore Processor-to-DRAM Networks with Monolithic CMOS Silicon Photonics (2009)

Silicon photonics is a promising technology for addressing memory bandwidth limitations in future many-core processors. This article first introduces a new monolithic silicon-photonic technology, which uses a standard bulk CMOS process to reduce costs and improve energy efficiency, and then explores the logical and physical implications of leveraging this technology in processor-to-memory networks.
<title>Generation of surface shape from variable-resolution video moire contours</title> (1993)

Several methods for generation of three dimensional surface shapes from variable resolution video moire contours are described. In a classical moire system, a physical grating is projected on a target and also used to view the target. The moire contours are generated in the plane of the viewing grating. An unambiguous surface shape can then be computed by processing a set of moire images where the grating, target, or both are moved. By using an interferometer to generate and project variable pitch gratings and video technology to generate the moire contours, a 3-D surface can be scanned at different resolutions and used on a wide range of object sizes. The elimination of the physical grating also leads to surface generation techniques that do not use moving parts, increasing reliability. From these video moire contours, it is possible to uniquely reconstruct the 3-D surface, making the distinction between concave and convex surfaces. In one technique, a computer is used to mix digitized images of distorted gratings projected on the object with computer generated gratings, creating the moire patterns. By shifting one grating, it is possible to reconstruct the surface without having to move the object being scanned.
A Comparison of Phonological Skills in Children with Reading Comprehension Difficulties and Children with Decoding Difficulties (1995)

Abstract This paper examines phonologic skills in children with two distinct forms of reading difficulty: comprehension problems and decocting problems. In the first study a group of children with normal decoding skills but poor reading comprehension skill. was studied. These children were found to have age‐appropriate phonological skills It is argued that normal phonological skills have enabled them to develop proficient decoding skills. A second study assessed the phonological skills of a group of children with decoding difficulties. These children showed marked deficits on tests of phonological skills. It appears that weak phonological skills underlie these children's decoding difficulties.
Reaction of 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) with permethrin – an optical sensor for rapid detection of permethrin in treated wood (2013)

The sensor was useful for rapid screening of wood or treated wood products before detailed analysis using tedious procedure is performed. The validation study of the optical sensor against standard method HPLC successfully showed that the permethrin sensor tended to overestimate the permethrin concentration determined.
Three studies of the psychologic changes in chronic headache patients associated with biofeedback and relaxation therapies. (1986)

Three separate, but similar, studies are described in which the psychologic effects (depression, anxiety, and overall degree of psychosomatic distress) of nonpharmacologic treatment (relaxation and/or biofeedback training) for three kinds of chronic headache (tension, migraine, and mixed migraine and tension) were evaluated. Results showed consistently (across all three studies) significant reductions in depression and trait-anxiety associated with receiving treatment, regardless of headache type or treatment outcome. The significant reduction for overall degree of psychosomatic distress was not differentially related to receiving treatment and thus could have been due to prolonged monitoring of headaches or test-retest regression effects.
Macro and Microfluidic Flows for Skeletal Regenerative Medicine (2012)

Fluid flow has a great potential as a cell stimulatory tool for skeletal regenerative medicine, because fluid flow-induced bone cell mechanotransduction in vivo plays a critical role in maintaining healthy bone homeostasis. Applications of fluid flow for skeletal regenerative medicine are reviewed at macro and microscale. Macroflow in two dimensions (2D), in which flow velocity varies along the normal direction to the flow, has explored molecular mechanisms of bone forming cell mechanotransduction responsible for flow-regulated differentiation, mineralized matrix deposition, and stem cell osteogenesis. Though 2D flow set-ups are useful for mechanistic studies due to easiness in in situ and post-flow assays, engineering skeletal tissue constructs should involve three dimensional (3D) flows, e.g., flow through porous scaffolds. Skeletal tissue engineering using 3D flows has produced promising outcomes, but 3D flow conditions (e.g., shear stress vs. chemotransport) and scaffold characteristics should further be tailored. Ideally, data gained from 2D flows may be utilized to engineer improved 3D bone tissue constructs. Recent microfluidics approaches suggest a strong potential to mimic in vivo microscale interstitial flows in bone. Though there have been few microfluidics studies on bone cells, it was demonstrated that microfluidic platform can be used to conduct high throughput screening of bone cell mechanotransduction behavior under biomimicking flow conditions.
A randomized trial of visual attention of preterm infants fed docosahexaenoic acid until two months (1996)

This randomized, double-blind trial tested the hypothesis that the addition of 0.2% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) from marine oil to commercially-available preterm and term formulas with > or = 3% linolenic acid (18:3n-3) would enhance novelty preference and visual attention of preterm infants. Among preterm infants cared for in our center, study infants were a select group considered to be at lower risk for developmental delay. Study infants received their assigned diet (control, DHA-supplemented) from a mean postnatal age of 25 d until 9 mon past term. At 6.5, 9, and 12 mon past term, they were tested for visual recognition memory (novelty preference) and attention with the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence. The effects of DHA supplementation were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. In paired comparisons of novel and familiar stimuli, DHA-supplemented and control infants had the same novelty preference, but supplemented infants had more discrete looks to both novel (P < 0.03) and familiar (P < 0.02) stimuli and a shorter overall look duration (P < 0.03). These data are analogous to those from n-3-deficient and n-3-fed monkeys in that the group with better DHA status had shorter overall look duration. Because shorter look duration has been associated with more rapid information processing, preterm infants fed formulas with only linolenic acid may have had slower information processing than those fed DHA.