gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV-curing of acrylic formulations by means of polymeric photoinitiators with the active 2,6-dimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide moieties pendant from a tetramethylene side chain (2002)

Polymeric photoinitiators (PIs) bearing the 2,6-dimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide moiety pendant from flexible tetramethylene oxide side chains were synthesised by reacting their polymeric precursors, based on 4-(4′-acryloyloxy-1′-butoxy)-2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid (ABDBA), with diphenylmethylphosphinite. The resulting 4-(4′-acryloyloxy-1′-butoxy)-2,6-dimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide (ABDBPO) homo- and copolymers with butyl acrylate (BA), poly(ABDBPO) and poly(ABDBPO-co-BA), were employed in UV-curing experiments using model clear-coating (hexandiol diacrylate/butyl acrylate, HDDA/BA) and adhesive acrylic formulations. The photoinitiated radical polymerisations were followed by microwave dielectrometry, which allows real-time monitoring of the main kinetic parameters such as induction time, t0, polymerisation rate, and absolute monomer conversion. The low molecular weight 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphospine oxide (TMBPO) and the couple ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate/isopropyl thioxantone (EPD/ITX) were also used as reference acylphosphine oxide (APO) and nonAPO PIs in parallel experiments. The kinetic data from the HDDA/BA system were compared with analogous literature data on acrylic PI with the APO moiety directly attached to the backbone. The presence of the flexible spacer does not significantly affect the initiation efficiency of the APO, whereas the initial viscosity of the medium resulting from the presence of macromer resins in the adhesive formulations markedly reduces both polymerisation rate and final conversion.
LIGHT-INHIBITION OF FLASHING IN THE FIREFLY PHOTURIS MISSOURIENSIS (1968)

1. Photic inhibition of spontaneous flashing is demonstrated in Photuris missouriensis. 2. The minimum latency of inhibition is between 80 and 160 msec. Inhibition is expressed as completely missed or diminished intensity flashes. There is a tendency for the flashes appearing during inhibition to be later than expected but generally flashing returns to pre-inhibitory timing, suggesting continued operation of a flash pacemaker. The extent of inhibition was found to be light intensity dependent above minimal intensities at which on-off triggering effects are dominant. 3. Direct excitation of the light organ could not be inhibited via the visual system. 4. Transfer of inhibition from one Photuris to another, via saline bridging their body cavities, could not be accomplished. 5. These results, arguing for a purely central mechanism of inhibition in Photuris, are compared with those of Magni and Brunelli et al., who propose both central and peripheral inhibition of flashing in Luciola.
Automatic musical meter detection (2009)

A method that automatically estimates the metrical structure of a piece of music is presented. The approach is based on the generation of a beat similarity matrix, which provides information about the similarity between any two beats of a piece of music. The repetitive structure of most music is exploited by processing the beat similarity matrix in order to identify similar patterns of beats in different parts of a piece. This principle proves to be equally effective for the detection of both duple and triple meters as well as complex meters. The use of beat positions and dynamic programming techniques allows tracking similar musical patterns formed by beats with moderate tempo deviations. The robustness of the presented approach is reflected by the results presented, where 361 songs are used in order to compare the presented approach against the use of the autocorrelation function in existing state of the art meter detection methods.
Lipid sorting in epithelial cells (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLipid sorting in epithelial cellsKai Simons and Gerrit Van MeerCite this: Biochemistry 1988, 27, 17, 6197–6202Publication Date (Print):August 23, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00417a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00417a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3123Altmetric-Citations1050LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human liver <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization (1987)

Human N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase was purified at least 50,000-fold to homogeneity in 78% yield from liver with a simple three-step four-column procedure, which consists of a concanavalin A-Sepharose/Blue A-agarose coupled step, chromatofocusing and Cu2+-chelating Sepharose chromatography. In all, four forms were isolated and partially characterized. Forms A and B, both with a pI greater than 9.5 and representing 30% and 60% respectively of the recovered enzyme activity, were separated by hydroxyapatite chromatography of the enzyme preparation obtained from the Cu2+-chelating Sepharose step. Both forms A and B had native molecular masses of 75 kDa. When analysed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, form A consists of a single polypeptide of molecular mass 78 kDa, whereas form B contained 48 kDa and 32 kDa polypeptide subunits. Neither form A nor form B was taken up from the culture medium into cultured human skin fibroblasts. The two other forms (C and D), with pI values of 5.8 and 5.4 respectively, represented approx. 7% and 3% of the total recovered enzyme activity. The native molecular masses of forms C and D were 94 kDa and approx. 75 kDa respectively. Form C contained three polypeptides with molecular masses of 48, 45 and 32 kDa. N-Acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase activity was measured with a radiolabelled disaccharide substrate derived from heparin. The development of this substrate enabled the isolation and characterization of N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase to proceed efficiently. Forms A, B and C had pH optima of 5.0, Km values of 11.7, 14.2 and 11.1 microM respectively and Vmax. values of 105, 60 and 53 nmol/min per mg of protein respectively. The molecular basis of the multiple forms of this sulphatase is not known. It is postulated that the differences in structure and properties of the four enzyme forms are due to differences in the state of processing of a large subunit.
『교육공학의 사회학』의 학문적 범주규명과 탐구논리 탐색: 사회학적 공교육학을 통한 교육공학의 인식지평의 확대 (2003)

본 연구는 교육 사회학의 학문적 연구동향과 발전추세에 상응하는『교육공학의 사회학』의 학문적 범주규명과 발전 가능성을 논의하면서 교육공학에 대한 사회학적 탐색을 시도한다. 『교육공학의 사회학』의 문제의식, 문제제기 형식, 문제제기에 응답하기 위해 동원되는 방법론과 절차가 다를 것이라는 전제하에 이를 시범적으로 적용해본 대표적인 교육공학적 연구노력을 분석해볼 것이다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 교육공학적 처방전이 지향하는 속도와 효율이 훑고 지나간 상혼(傷魂)과 궤적(軌跡)을 사회학적 시각과 관점으로 재조명하여 『교육공학의 사회학』의 범주와 탐구논리를 확대하기 위한 그 기반으로써 『성찰적 교육공학』을 정립하는데 있다. 사회학적 관점과 접근방법으로 무장한 『성찰적 교육공학』은 교육공학적 실천 자체의 효율성과 효과성을 달성하기 위한 학문적 이론화 및 실천적 적용노력의 범주와 수준을 넘어서서 교육공학적 연구노력을 통해서 생산된 산물의 사회적 속성분석은 물론 교육공학적 연구노력의 결과 개발된 산물이 실천현장을 매개로 적용되는 과정에 대한 사회학적 분석을 중시한다. 『성찰적 교육공학』을 통해서 그 동안 전통 교육공학 또는 표준 교육공학적 접근이 간과해온 구체적 교육현실 또는 교육공학적 연구대상의 일상성이 담고 있는 사회적 의미망을 분석하고 그것이 전체 교육공학적 실천노력에 어떤 의미와 시사점을 제공해줄 수 있는지를 밝혀보려고 한다. 이러한 『성찰적 교육공학』을 정립하기 위해서 교육사회학의 주요 이론적 입장과 역사적 변천과정을 통해서 등장한 교육사회학 패러다임에 상응하는 『교육공학의 사회학』을 상정시킨다. 각각의 교육공학의 사회학적 입장별로 관련 연구성과를 사회학적 관점으로 재조명해보는 작업을 한다. 마지막으로 『교육공학의 사회학』의 학문적 지향성과 성찰적 교육공학자의 사명을 논의하는 것으로 결론을 대신한다.
Ultraprecise thermal expansion measurements of seven low expansion materials (1976)

We summarize a large number of ultraprecise thermal expansion measurements made on seven different low expansivity materials. Expansion coefficients in the -150-300 degrees C temperature range are shown for Owens-Illinois Cer-Vit C-101, Corning ULE 7971 (titanium silicate) and fused silica 7940, Heraeus-Schott Zerodur low-expansion material and Homosil fused silica, Universal Cyclops Invar LR-35, and Simonds Saw and Steel Super Invar.
Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): A Disease of Two Genomes (2004)

MNGIE is a recognizable clinical syndrome caused by mutations in TP. The diagnosis can be confirmed by measuring TP activity in buffy coat or plasma levels of thymidine and deoxyuridine. Reduction of circulating thymidine and deoxyuridine in MNGIE patients may be therapeutic.
Classified patch learning for spatially scalable video coding (2009)

This paper proposes an advanced spatially scalable video coding approach that exploits the inter layer correlation between different resolution layers by classified patch learning. The novelty of our proposed scheme is twofold. First, the correlation between low and high resolution frames is explored at patch level with regard to image features. Patches extracted from the previous coded frame are classified into structural and textural sets according to the gradient information. Then the inter layer correlation is separately studied for the two sets, resulting in two databases containing pairs of patches at different resolutions. Second, our proposed patch-based compensation manages to simultaneously exploit the spatial and temporal redundancies without overhead bit for motion. Based on the two databases, a high resolution prediction is derived from the current low resolution reconstruction at structural and textural regions, respectively. Experimental results show that our proposed approach improves the performance of H.264/MPEG spatially scalable coding up to 1.9 dB and significantly enhances the subjective quality, especially at low bit rates.
Tumor-Infiltrating Plasma Cells Are Associated with Tertiary Lymphoid Structures, Cytolytic T-Cell Responses, and Superior Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer (2016)

PCs are associated with the most robust, prognostically favorable CD8(+) TIL responses in HGSC. We propose that TLS facilitate coordinated antitumor responses involving the combined actions of cytolytic T cells and antibody-producing PCs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3005-15. ©2016 AACR.
Distortion and high-frequency generation due to nonlinear propagation of short ultrasonic pulses from a plane circular piston (1992)

A numerical finite-difference model for the prediction of nonlinear propagation has been adapted to examine the high-frequency components generated by short ultrasonic pulses. Comparisons are made in both the time and frequency domains between the model predictions and experimental measurements. The experimental measurements were obtained, in water, using a 1-mm-diam membrane hydrophone to sample the pressure field generated by a plane transducer (38 mm in diameter) that was driven by a diagnostic medical ultrasound system. The pulses generated were a few cycles long with a zero-crossing frequency of about 2 MHz and a maximum peak positive pressure of about 300 kPa. It is shown that the theoretical model can be used to provide accurate predictions (typically better than 10%) both on and off the acoustic axis for pulsed pressure fields in water. An important factor in obtaining good agreement is the initial characterization of the transducer and pulse.
Electrophysiological characterization of the modified hERG <sub>T</sub> potassium channel used to obtain the first cryo‐EM hERG structure (2020)

The voltage-gated hERG (human-Ether-à-go-go Related Gene) K<sup>+</sup> channel plays a fundamental role in cardiac action potential repolarization. Loss-of-function mutations or pharmacological inhibition of hERG leads to long QT syndrome, whilst gain-of-function mutations lead to short QT syndrome. A recent open channel cryo-EM structure of hERG represents a significant advance in the ability to interrogate hERG channel structure-function. In order to suppress protein aggregation, a truncated channel construct of hERG (hERG<sub>T</sub> ) was used to obtain this structure. In hERG<sub>T</sub> cytoplasmic domain residues 141 to 350 and 871 to 1,005 were removed from the full-length channel protein. There are limited data on the electrophysiological properties of hERG<sub>T</sub> channels. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine how hERG<sub>T</sub> influences channel function at physiological temperature. Whole-cell measurements of hERG current (I<sub>hERG</sub> ) were made at 37°C from HEK 293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) or hERG<sub>T</sub> channels. With a standard +20 mV activating command protocol, neither end-pulse nor tail I<sub>hERG</sub> density significantly differed between WT and hERG<sub>T</sub> . However, the I<sub>hERG</sub> deactivation rate was significantly slower for hERG<sub>T</sub> . Half-maximal activation voltage (V<sub>0.5</sub> ) was positively shifted for hERG<sub>T</sub> by ~+8 mV (p < .05 versus WT), without significant change to the activation relation slope factor. Neither the voltage dependence of inactivation, nor time course of development of inactivation significantly differed between WT and hERG<sub>T</sub> , but recovery of I<sub>hERG</sub> from inactivation was accelerated for hERG<sub>T</sub> (p < .05 versus WT). Steady-state "window" current was positively shifted for hERG<sub>T</sub> with a modest increase in the window current peak. Under action potential (AP) voltage clamp, hERG<sub>T</sub> I<sub>hERG</sub> showed modestly increased current throughout the AP plateau phase with a significant increase in current integral during the AP. The observed consequences for hERG<sub>T</sub> I<sub>hERG</sub> of deletion of the two cytoplasmic regions may reflect changes to electrostatic interactions influencing the voltage sensor domain.
Reconstruction from projections based on detection and estimation of objects--Parts I and II: Performance analysis and robustness analysis (1984)

The problem of reconstructing a multidimensional field from noisy, limited projection measurements is approached using an object-based stochastic field model. Objects within a cross section are characterized by a finite-dimensional set of parameters, which are estimated directly from limited, noisy projection measurements using maximum likelihood estimation. In Part I, the computational structure and performance of the ML estimation procedure are investigated for the problem of locating a single object in a deterministic background; simulations are also presented. In Part II, the issue of robustness to modeling errors is addressed.
Verifying the "correctness" of your optical proximity correction designs (1999)

The emerging demand for smaller and smaller IC features, undiminished by the delay of next generation stepper technologies, has increased the need for OPC and PSM designs that are becoming critical for leading-edge IC manufacturing. However, modifications made to the original layout by OPC or PSM deign tools in general, exclude the use of conventional design verification tools to verify the modified designs. Therefore, the question of design 'correctness' often goes unanswered until after the wafers have been printed. This is extremely costly in terms of time and money. In this paper, we address the critical issue that has thus far remained open, the development of methods for physical verification of OPC designs. Our approach uses fast lithography simulation to map the modified mask design to the final patterns produced on the wafer. The simulated wafer pattern is matched against the specified tolerances and the problem areas are reported. It is a hierarchical verification tool. The hierarchical processing of the data makes it a high performance tool and keeps the data volume in check. We validate this technology by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. In addition, performance measurements indicate that it is an effective and practical solution to the problem of verifying correctness of full-chip OPC designs.
In-vivo retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography (2016)

With a simple setup, mainly composed of a low coherence light source and a camera, full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) allows volumetric tissue imaging. However, fringe washout constrains its use in retinal imaging. Here, we present a novel motion-insensitive approach to FF-OCT, which introduces path-length differences between the reference and the sample light in neighboring pixels using an off-axis reference beam. The temporal carrier frequency in scanned time-domain OCT is replaced by a spatial carrier frequency. Volumetric in-vivo FF-OCT measurements of the human retina were acquired in only 1.3 s, comparable to the acquisition times of current clinically used OCT devices.
[Changing glucose concentration affects rod-mediated response in the perfused cat eye]. (1992)

The effects of changing glucose concentration on the ERG b-wave and optic nerve response (ONR) were studied in dark adapted, arterially perfused cat eyes. Changes in glucose concentration in the perfusate induced remarkable effects on both electrical responses. The ERG b-wave and ONR amplitudes were enhanced with increasing the glucose concentration above the standard level (5.5 mM), and were transiently decreased below the control after termination of the increase in glucose. Furthermore, a control perfusate with higher glucose concentrations (8-10 mM) was used, transient addition of glucose failed to elicit consistent increase in amplitudes of the b-wave and ONR. We conclude that the optimal supply of glucose to the mammalian retina is crucial for recording b-wave and ONR in-vitro under dark adaptation. A higher glucose level (8-10 mM) than 5.5 mM in the standard tissue culture medium is suggested for maintaining the retinal function in-vitro.
Spiral fiber gratings for mode coupling (2002)

We present some coupling properties of spiral fiber gratings. LP/sub 01/ modes in spiral fiber gratings were demonstrated and analyzed to couple efficiently to both LP/sub 11/ even and odd modes. LP/sub 01/ modes were shown to efficiently couple to both LP/sub 11/ even and odd modes by spiral gratings as predicted. A spiral fiber grating that converts the LP/sub 01/ mode equally to LP/sub 11/ even and odd modes, and a spiral grating that appreciably converts the LP/sub 01/ mode back to the same LP/sub 01/ mode through the LP/sub 01/-to-LP/sub 11/ and LP/sub 11/-to-LP/sub 01/ processes, were also demonstrated and analyzed.
Differences between <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> subsp. <i>casei</i> 2206 and Citrate-Positive <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> 3022 in the Characteristics of Diacetyl Production (1991)

Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei 2206 exhibited much lower levels of diacetyl reductase activity than CitrLactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 3022 but two-, three-, and more than eightfold-higher levels of diacetyl synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, and NADH oxidase activities, respectively. A requirement for metal ions by the diacetyl synthases in both species was observed. The extracts of strain 2206 but not strain 3022 produced more diacetyl from pyruvate when the reaction for diacetyl synthase was aerated than when it was conducted statically.
SIX-MONTH STABILITY OF BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN) BINDING TO VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AFTER WITHDRAWAL INTO A SYRINGE AND REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING (2006)

The anti-VEGF activity of bevacizumab may degrade minimally over time, with storage.
GOBO: Gene Expression-Based Outcome for Breast Cancer Online (2011)

Microarray-based gene expression analysis holds promise of improving prognostication and treatment decisions for breast cancer patients. However, the heterogeneity of breast cancer emphasizes the need for validation of prognostic gene signatures in larger sample sets stratified into relevant subgroups. Here, we describe a multifunctional user-friendly online tool, GOBO (http://co.bmc.lu.se/gobo), allowing a range of different analyses to be performed in an 1881-sample breast tumor data set, and a 51-sample breast cancer cell line set, both generated on Affymetrix U133A microarrays. GOBO supports a wide range of applications including: 1) rapid assessment of gene expression levels in subgroups of breast tumors and cell lines, 2) identification of co-expressed genes for creation of potential metagenes, 3) association with outcome for gene expression levels of single genes, sets of genes, or gene signatures in multiple subgroups of the 1881-sample breast cancer data set. The design and implementation of GOBO facilitate easy incorporation of additional query functions and applications, as well as additional data sets irrespective of tumor type and array platform.
Polymerization under High Pressure (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization under High PressureHoward W. StarkweatherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 9, 1870–1874Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01324a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01324a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts