gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Runahead execution vs. conventional data prefetching in the IBM POWER6 microprocessor (2010)

After many years of prefetching research, most commercially available systems support only two types of prefetching: software-directed prefetching and hardware-based prefetchers using simple sequential or stride-based prefetching algorithms. More sophisticated prefetching proposals, despite promises of improved performance, have not been adopted by industry. In this paper, we explore the efficacy of both hardware and software prefetching in the context of an IBM POWER6 commercial server. Using a variety of applications that have been compiled with an aggressively optimizing compiler to use software prefetching when appropriate, we perform the first study of a new runahead prefetching feature adopted by the POWER6 design, evaluating it in isolation and in conjunction with a conventional hardware-based sequential stream prefetcher and compiler-inserted software prefetching. We find that the POWER6 implementation of runahead prefetching is quite effective on many of the memory intensive applications studied; in isolation it improves performance as much as 36% and on average 10%. However, it outperforms the hardware-based stream prefetcher on only two of the benchmarks studied, and in those by a small margin. When used in conjunction with the conventional prefetching mechanisms, the runahead feature adds an additional 6% on average, and 39% in the best case (GemsFDTD).
Pyrene‐Stacked Nanostructures Constructed in the Recombinant Tobacco Mosaic Virus Rod Scaffold (2006)

The effect of pyrenes introduced into a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein monomer on the formation and stability of the TMV assembly was investigated. The possible arrangement of the pyrenes in the inner cavity of the TMV rod was also estimated. The pyrene derivative was introduced to four specific amino acids in the cavity of the TMV rod structure. Rod-structure formation was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two pyrene-attached mutants (positions 99 and 100) assembled to increase the length of the rod structures by 2.5 microm at pH 5.5. The interaction of the pyrene moieties in the TMV cavity was investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic analysis. Strong excimer emission with significantly short wavelength (465 nm) was observed from the two mutants mentioned above. Excitation and UV-visible spectra indicate that the pyrene moieties form pi-stacked structures in the TMV cavity. Details of the pyrene interaction were investigated by analyzing the fluorescence lifetime of the excimer. Results suggest that the pyrenes formed preassociated rigid structures with partially overlapped geometry in the restricted space of the TMV cavity. The pyrenes effectively stabilize the TMV rod through a pi-stacking interaction in a well-ordered way, and the single pyrene moiety introduced into the monomer affects the overall formation of the TMV rod structure.
Ensemble methods for automatic thesaurus extraction (2002)

Ensemble methods are state of the art for many NLP tasks. Recent work by Banko and Brill (2001) suggests that this would not necessarily be true if very large training corpora were available. However, their results are limited by the simplicity of their evaluation task and individual classifiers.Our work explores ensemble efficacy for the more complex task of automatic thesaurus extraction on up to 300 million words. We examine our conflicting results in terms of the constraints on, and complexity of, different contextual representations, which contribute to the sparseness-and noise-induced bias behaviour of NLP systems on very large corpora.
Simple coherent receivers for partial response continuous phase modulation (1989)

By using a pulse-amplitude-modulation representation of binary continuous-phase-modulation signals, the authors develops a novel optimum Viterbi sequence detector and a near-optimum Viterbi receiver with low complexity. For modulation index 0.5, where a linear receiver can be used, a minimum-mean-squared-error linear receiver filter is derived. The performance of all of these is analyzed, using the Gaussian minimum-shift-keying signal (GMSK) for illustration. It is shown that a GMSK receiver consisting of two matched filters and a four-state Viterbi algorithm performs with less than 0.24-dB degradation compared with the optimal receiver. The linear receiver is optimum for all values of E/sub b//N/sub 0/ (bit-energy-to-noise one-sided spectral density ratio). A design method for its filter is given. The filter is equivalent to a cascade of a matched filter and a Wiener filter estimator. Both upper and lower bounds for the bit-error probability are calculated. Simulation results which confirm the analysis are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vivo bone-strain telemetry (1977)

System permits long-term measurement of strains resulting from applied skeletal loads. Basic scheme utilizes pulse interval modulation.
Evidence for Large Upward Trends of Ultraviolet-B Radiation Linked to Ozone Depletion (1993)

Spectral measurements of ultraviolet-B radiation made at Toronto since 1989 indicate that the intensity of light at wavelengths near 300 nanometers has increased by 35 percent per year in winter and 7 percent per year in summer. The wavelength dependence of these trends indicates that the increase is caused by the downward trend in total ozone that was measured at Toronto during the same period. The trend at wavelengths between 320 and 325 nanometers is essentially zero.
Expression of the fusogenic p14 FAST protein from a replication-defective adenovirus vector does not provide a therapeutic benefit in an immunocompetent mouse model of cancer (2016)

When injected directly into a tumor mass, adenovirus (Ad) vectors only transduce cells immediately along the injection tract. Expression of fusogenic proteins from the Ad vector can lead to syncytium formation, which efficiently spreads the therapeutic effect. Fusogenic proteins can also cause cancer cell death directly, and enhance the release of exosome-like particles containing tumor-associated antigens, which boosts the anti-tumor immune response. In this study, we have examined whether delivery of an early region 1 (E1)-deleted, replication-defective Ad vector encoding the reptilian reovirus p14 fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein can provide therapeutic efficacy in an immunocompetent mouse tumor model. A high multiplicity of infection of AdFAST is required to induce cell fusion in mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells in vitro, and FAST protein expression caused a modest reduction in cell membrane integrity and metabolic activity compared with cells infected with a control vector. Cells expressing FAST protein released significantly higher quantities of exosomes. In immunocompetent Balb/C mice harboring subcutaneous 4T1 tumors, AdFAST did not induce detectable cancer cell fusion, promote tumor regression or prolong mouse survival compared with untreated mice. This study suggests that in the context of the 4T1 model, Ad-mediated FAST protein expression did not elicit a therapeutic effect.
SORPTION ENHANCED REACTION PROCESS (SERP)FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN (2015)

The novel Sorption Enhanced Reaction Process has the potential to decrease the cost of hydrogen production by steam methane reforming. Current effort for development of this technology has focused on adsorbent development, experimental process concept testing, and process development and design. A preferred CO 2 adsorbent, K2C03 promoted hydrotalcite, satisfies all of the performance targets and it has been scaled up for process testing. A separate class of adsorbents has been identified which could potentially improve the performance of the H 2-SER process. Although this material exhibits improved CO 2 adsorption capacity compared to the HTC adsorbent, its hydrothermal stability must be improved. Single-step process experiments (not cyclic) indicate that the H 2-SER reactor performance during the reaction step improves with decreasing pressure and increasing temperature and steam to methane ratio in the feed. Methane conversion in the H2-SER reactor is higher than for a conventional catalyst-only reactor operated at similar temperature and pressure. The reactor effluent gas consists of 90+ % H 2, balance CH4, with only trace levels (&lt;50 ppm) of carbon oxides.
Growth on Urea Can Trigger Death and Peroxidation of the Cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. Strain PCC 7002 (1998)

Laboratory conditions have been identified that cause the rapid death of cultures of cyanobacteria producing urease. Once the death phase had initiated in the stationary growth phase, cells were rapidly bleached of all pigmentation. Null mutations in the ureC gene, encoding the alpha subunit of urease, were constructed, and these mutants were no longer sensitive to growth in the presence of urea. High levels of peroxides, including lipid peroxides, were detected in the bleaching cells. Exogenously added polyunsaturated fatty acids triggered a similar death response. Vitamin E suppressed the formation of peroxides and delayed the onset of cell bleaching. The results suggest that these cyanobacterial cells undergo a metabolic imbalance that ultimately leads to oxidative stress and lipid peroxide formation. These observations may provide insights into the mechanism of sudden cyanobacterial bloom disappearance in nature.
Aluminum plasmonic photocatalysis (2015)

The effectiveness of photocatalytic processes is dictated largely by plasmonic materials with the capability to enhance light absorption as well as the energy conversion efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate how to improve the plasmonic photocatalytic properties of TiO2/Al nano-void arrays by overlapping the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes with the TiO2 band gap. The plasmonic TiO2/Al arrays exhibit superior photocatalytic activity boasting an enhancement of 7.2 folds. The underlying mechanisms concerning the radiative energy transfer and interface energy transfer processes are discussed. Both processes occur at the TiO2/Al interface and their contributions to photocatalysis are evaluated. The results are important to the optimization of aluminum plasmonic materials in photocatalytic applications.
Conditional partial volume correction for emission tomography: A wavelet-based hidden Markov model and multi-resolution approach (2008)

The spatial resolution in emission tomography induces partial volume effects, leading to under-estimation of the real uptake and activity spillover. They can be corrected using either region of interest or voxel based approaches. We developed a voxel wise correction, based on the wavelet transform of two co-registered images in order to insert high resolution details of the anatomical image into the functional one. A limitation is the use of a global model which may create artefacts in the corrected image where there is no correlation between the two modalities. The aim of this work was to develop a conditional correction: a comparison between the two modalities using hidden Markov modelling and multi-resolution analysis was developed to allow such a correction. The process was successfully tested on synthetic and clinical images avoiding artefacts.
INDUCTIVE POWER TRANSFER TO AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE (1986)

This paper explains the technology of the Roadway Powered Electric Vehicle (RPEV) system, in which energy is transferred inductively from an inductor buried just beneath the road surface, across an airgap, to a vehicle which can be stationary or moving. The electrical characteristics of the electric vehicle system are explained, and the performance of the system is described on the basis of both analytical predictions and results of testing the full- scale equipment. The ability of the system to transfer power from roadway to vehicle without mechanical contact is also demonstrated.
AAL1 with FEC for the transport of CBR MPEG2 video over ATM networks (2002)

AAL1 represents a long term solution for the transport of CBR MPEG2 video traffic over ATM networks. This paper describes an integrated implementation model for AAL1 carrying CBR MPEG2 traffic with particular focus on the receiver convergence sublayer functions and the issues affecting the end-to-end performance of the AAL1 connection. Through a comprehensive simulation of the AAL and the ATM layers, we verify that the implementation model is capable of delivering the desired QoS for video applications under a wide range of cell losses and cell delay variations. In addition, we show the effects of using FEC with byte interleaving on the end-to-end performance parameters. We conclude that cell loss statistics constitute the key factors in determining the overall performance of the AAL1 connection.
Structural and transport properties of biaxially aligned YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> films on polycrystalline Ni-based alloy with ion-beam-modified buffer layers (1993)

Biaxially aligned YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films were produced on polycrystalline Ni-based alloy, by using biaxial yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) intermediate layers formed by off-normal ion-beam-assisted deposition. Most explicit in-plane alignment was obtained when the YSZ layer formed with the beam-incident angle of 55° from substrate normal. Jc-B characteristics and angular dependence of Jc on the magnetic field were measured. 5.0×105 and 5.5×104 A/cm2 were obtained at 77 K with 0 and 8 T, respectively. The distribution of misorientation angles of in-plane a and b axes between YBCO grains was evaluated by both x-ray pole figure measurement and planar observations of transmission electron microscopy. 50% of the grains had the misorientation angles restricted within ±5°. From the image of dislocations, the elastic strains at grain boundaries were estimated to be relaxed with lower misorientation angle. The high-Jc properties are understood to be obtained by the current paths through low-angle grain boundaries.
Serological analysis of sensitization in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a study on allergen components and interspecies relationships (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Serological testing for immunoglobulin (Ig) E or IgG is useful for diagnosing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), as it detects type I and III allergic reactions to <i>Aspergillus</i> species. However, few reports have investigated the allergen component and cross-reactivity among <i>Aspergillus</i> species. We aimed to measure and analyze the levels of IgGs specific to each <i>Aspergillus</i> species and investigate the prevalence of IgEs specific to each allergen component of <i>A. fumigatus</i> (Af) in ABPA patients.<b>Methods:</b> Serum samples were collected from 12 ABPA patients who visited our hospital between February and December 2017, and 16 with Af-sensitized asthma and 41 with Af-unsensitized asthma were controls. Immuno-CAP was performed to analyze the IgEs and IgGs specific to Af, <i>A. niger</i>, <i>A flavus</i> and <i>A. terreus</i>, and IgEs specific to allergen components Asp f 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6.<b>Results:</b> The ABPA group was significantly more frequently sensitized to Asp f 1 and 2 than the control groups. Af-specific IgEs were significantly positively correlated to the IgEs specific to <i>A. flavus</i>, <i>A. niger</i> and <i>A. terreus</i>. Af-specific IgGs were positively correlated to the IgGs specific to all the other species.<b>Conclusions:</b> Tests using allergen components were useful for ABPA diagnosis. Both IgE and IgG were highly cross-reactive among the <i>Aspergillus</i> species. There were many patients apart from asthmatic patients with ABPA, who displayed high <i>Aspergillus</i> IgG values.
Triazine dendrimers by divergent and convergent methods (2000)

Two types of dendrimers with a 1,3,5-triazine ring at the branch point were synthesized by divergent and convergent methods. The divergent method began with 2,4,6-tris(p-nitroanilino)-1,3,5-triazine as a trifunctional core. Each cycle involved the reduction of the peripheral NO2 group followed by a reaction with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(p-nitroanilino)-1,3,5-triazine. The synthetic cycle was completed by the coupling with 2,4-dianilino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (DACT) to eventually accomplish second-generation dendrimers ([G2]3-C) bearing 12 benzene rings at their edge. The convergent approach started with the reaction of DACT with p-nitrophenol to give rise to 2,4-dianilino-6-(p-nitrophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine. The synthetic cycle consisted of reduction of the NO2 group and coupling with 2,4-dichloro-6-(p-nitrophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine. The final step was the connection of each monodendron with cyanuric chloride to produce tridendron; in this way, the second-generation dendrimer ([EG2]3-C) was obtained. Gel permeation chromatography analyses indicated the aggregation of dendrimers in solution. Ultraviolet spectroscopic analyses revealed that the larger dendrimer had a more conjugated electron system from the core to the periphery. The thermal properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); excellent heat resistance was indicated, especially in [G1]3-C, which included alternately imine-like nitrogen-linked 1,3,5-triazine and benzene rings. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4385–4395, 2000
Structure and Molecular Weight of the 60-70S RNA and the 30-40S RNA of the Rous Sarcoma Virus (1974)

The structure and molecular weight of the 60-70S RNA complex and the 30-40S RNA species of Rous sarcoma virus were analyzed in an electron microscope after treatment of the RNAs with the bacteriophage T4 gene-32 protein to stretch out the RNA strands. Although all RNA preparations treated with gene-32 protein showed considerable heterogeneity in length, a significant fraction of the RNA retained its original sedimentation coefficient after treatment to allow the following conclusions to be made: The 30-40S RNA was confirmed to be a linear polynucleotide with a molecular weight of about 3 x 10(6). The 60-70S RNA exhibited a network structure with a molecular weight predominantly of about 6 x 10(6). Therefore, the subunit hypothesis for the 60-70S RNA is confirmed. A model for the structure and molecular weight of the 60-70S RNA postulates that the complex consists of two 30-40S RNA subunits held together at many points. This model elucidates the biological observation that the infectivity of RNA tumor viruses is proportional to the amount of 30-40S RNA in a virus preparation and not to the amount of 60-70S RNA.
B cell responses to a peptide epitope: IV. Subtle sequence changes in flanking residues modulate immunogenicity (1997)

We examined modulation of primary humoral responses to a model synthetic peptide immunogen, peptide PS1CT3, as a consequence of single amino acid substitutions. Two analogues were employed, one in which the amino-terminal histidine (His1, peptide G28CT3) and another in which an internal proline (Pro14, peptide G41CT3) were replaced with glycine residues. Peptide G28CT3 displayed markedly enhanced immunogenicity relative to peptide PS1CT3 in BALB/c mice, whereas peptide G41CT3 was only poorly immunogenic. Nevertheless, in all three cases the mature polyclonal IgG response was predominantly directed against a tetrapeptide segment of sequence Asp-Pro-Ala-Phe between positions 4 and 7 of the sequence. While all three peptides proved equally capable of priming Ag-specific Th cells, they, however, displayed significant differences in their abilities to recall T cell responses. Regardless of the priming immunogen, in vitro challenge with either PS1CT3 or its analogues consistently gave a hierarchy of potencies as G28CT3 > PS1CT3 > G41CT3. This could also be correlated with B cell recall responses in which an identical hierarchy was obtained on restimulation of G41CT3-primed B cells in adoptive transfer experiments. Subsequent studies revealed that peptide-mediated modulation of Th cell recruitment by Ag-primed B cells was probably due to differences in on-rates for engagement of B cell Ag receptor by these analogues. This was despite the fact that all three peptides displayed equally randomized conformations in solution. These studies indicate that even subtle variations in the flanking sequences can markedly influence the immunogenicity of B cell epitopes.
Iterative True Motion Estimation for Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation (2012)

This paper proposes a new motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) method. The performance of MCFI is highly dependent on the accuracy of the estimated motion vectors (MVs). The proposed iterative motion estimation (ME) method estimates reliable MVs using linearity checking and restricted search areas. An adaptive interpolation method is also proposed to obtain MVs for blocks that do not have reliable MVs in the iterative ME process. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional MCFI methods in terms of the quality of the interpolated frames. Furthermore, the MVs from the proposed method are more accurate than those from the conventional methods.
Characterisation of liver-specific distribution of a novel 1-benzyl-4-aminoindole-based thyroid hormone receptor<b>β</b>agonist, SKL-13784: comparison with GC-1 (2015)

1. SKL-13784, a novel series of 1-benzyl-4-aminoindole-based thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ)-selective agonists, showed higher liver selectivity than GC-1 and was poorly distributed in the heart and brain. We aimed to clarify the mechanism of liver selectivity of SKL-13784 through a comparative study with GC-1. 2. Media-loss assays using fresh rat hepatocytes showed that the Oatp family may have been involved in liver uptake for both compounds and that SKL-13784 was more efficiently taken up than GC-1. 3. In addition, the media-loss assay results showed that hepatic uptake was important in eliminating both compounds in rats. 4. The low passive permeability of SKL-13784 on the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) contributed to the limited distribution of SKL-13784 into extrahepatocytes. 5. Biliary extraction was a major route of SKL-13784 and GC-1 disposition. SKL-13784 was excreted into bile unchanged and in its glucuronide form, whereas almost all GC-1 in bile was in its glucuronide form. In bile duct-cannulated rats, a 4.3-fold decrease in t1/2 of SKL-13784 was observed, implicating enterohepatic biliary recirculation. 6. The selective distribution of SKL-13784 in the liver was largely due to efficient uptake via hepatic transporters.
Effect of dietary fenugreek seed on dairy cow performance and milk characteristics (2004)

The effect of providing fenugreek seed at 20% of diet dry matter on dairy cow performance and milk characteristics was studied. Feeding fenugreek seed improved profile of functional fatty acids (P < 0.05) in the milk, reduced blood cholesterol concentration (by 4% units more than the control diet) and produced lower concentrations in milk (1.48 vs. 1.83 mg g -1 milk lipid) in a 3-wk study with dairy cows, without altering milk flavour or taste. Therefore, fenugreek seed could be used in dairy rations to improve milk characteristics. Key words: Fenugreek, cholesterol, dairy cows and fatty acids
Cytogenetic analysis of translocations induced by the chemical mutagen thio TEPA in spermatids of male mice. (1981)

Cytogenetic analysis of meiotic cells at diakinesis/metaphase I was carried out in 36 reciprocal translocation heterozygotes. Translocations were induced in late spermatids of C57BL/6 male mice with 1:25 mg/kg body weight of thioTEPA. The prevalent types of multivalent configuration were Ring IV in 15F1 males, chain IV in 20 males, and one male showed the same proportion of cells with chains and rings. The conclusion can be made that an intensive mutation process with may induce as much as 30% heterozygous translocation males in characterized by a random distribution of breaks along the chromosome.