gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptidase modulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide pulmonary relaxation in tracheal superfused guinea pig lungs. (1993)

The effects of enzyme inhibitors on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced decreases in airway opening pressure (PaO) and VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) recovery were studied in isolated tracheal superfused guinea pig lungs. In the absence of inhibitors, VIP 0.38 (95% CI 0.33-0.54) nmol/kg animal, resulted in a 50% decrease in PaO and 33% of a 1 nmol/kg VIP dose was recovered as intact VIP. In the presence of two combinations of enzyme inhibitors, SCH 32615 (S, 10 microM) and aprotinin (A, 500 tyrpsin inhibitor units [TIU]/kg) or S and soybean trypsin inhibitor (T, 500 TIU/kg), VIP caused a significantly greater decrease in PaO and greater quantities of VIP were recovered from lung effluent (both P < 0.001). The addition of captopril, (3 microM), leupeptin (4 microM), or bestatin (1 microM) failed to further increase pulmonary relaxation or recovery of VIP-LI. When given singly, A, T, and S did not augment the effects or recovery of VIP. The efficacy of S (a specific inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase [NEP]) and A and T (serine protease inhibitors) thus implicated NEP and at least one serine protease as primary modulators of VIP activity in the guinea pig lung. We sought to corroborate this finding by characterizing the predominant amino acid sites at which VIP is hydrolized in the lung. When [mono(125I)iodo-Tyr10]VIP was offered to the lung, in the presence and absence of the active inhibitors, cleavage products consistent with activity by NEP and a tryptic enzyme were recovered. These data demonstrate that NEP and a peptidase with an inhibitor profile and cleavage pattern compatible with a tryptic enzyme inactivate VIP in a physiologically competitive manner.
Camera Selection for Broadcasting Soccer Games (2018)

When broadcasting events such as soccer games, human operators constantly select the camera with the best viewpoint to cover the whole event. Modeling the prediction of which camera should be on air will assist automatic sports broadcasts and influence millions of viewers. In this paper, we propose a proof-of-concept method to automatically select cameras for broadcasting soccer games. First, a random forest based regressor smoothly predicts the visual importance of short video clips using deep convolutional features. Then, the predictions from multiple candidate cameras are regularized by a novel camera duration cumulative distribution function (CDF), naturally guiding the camera selection. We apply our approach to real soccer broadcasts with a professional human operator's result as a reference. The quantitative experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms two alternatives in terms of prediction accuracy. Moreover, the video generated by our method is preferred in the user study experiment, exhibiting its practicality.
Effects of Thickness Variation on Properties of ZnO Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2002)

A series of ZnO films with various thicknesses were prepared on (0001) sapphire substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized to investigate the effects of thickness variation on the surface morphology and the crystallinity. The electrical and optical properties of the films were also investigated as a function of the film thickness. It was found that the crystalline quality, electrical and optical properties of the films depended on the film thickness and were improved with increasing the film thickness. This is attributed to the fact that the films thinner than 4000 Å are under the severe misfit strain, which decreases with increasing the film thickness further.
Magnetic amplifiers with inductive D-C load (1954)

THE CIRCUIT is shown in Fig. 1. When the load becomes inductive, as expressed by finite ratios of ωL <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</inf> /R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</inf> , the control characteristic changes. This change is characterized by two features as shown in Fig. 2: 1. the control characteristic becomes shifted to the left; 2. instability, also called snap-action, occurs.
Stroke volume and systolic time interval adjustments during bicycle exercise (1979)

By use of the impedance noninvasive method, cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), Heather index (HI), and systolic time interval (STI) values were studied in 17 subjects working at 25, 50, and 75% of their maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) on a Monark bicycle. A significant increase in SV at each work load and a concomitant decrease in positive expiratory pressure (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and PEP/LVET were observed. The linear regression equation at 75% Vo2 max between LVET and HR and SV confirms the close relationship between these parameters. The significa-t increase of the contractility index (HI) showing the stress response of the myocardium is clearly assessed. At 75% work load, its correlation with SV is low; but the high level of the correlation (r = 0.90) between HI and HR in the stress response. Consequently the changes in STI and HI provide valuable information on SV adjustment during calibrated effort responses. Consequently, the changes in STI and HI, the relationship between STI and SV, and the study of SV, HR, and Q provide valuable information about the adjustment of these parameters during calibrated efforts.
A system model for Chinese character fonts generation (1983)

Abstract A system model for the generation of high‐quality Chinese characters is presented. A software tool called the ACCFONT system has been implemented to solve a particular inherent problem in designing the Chinese character fonts, that is, the variation in the shape of a stroke varies from character to character. In the model, the designer constructs Chinese character fonts by a numerical‐data‐oriented command language, and the ACCFONT system produces nonnumerical decisions to modify the shape of strokes properly. In this paper, we show how the ACCFONT system is modeled. Also, some examples are given to illustrate its important features.
Bottom-up engineering of thermoelectric nanomaterials and devices from solution-processed nanoparticle building blocks (2017)

The conversion of thermal energy to electricity and vice versa by means of solid state thermoelectric devices is extremely appealing. However, its cost-effectiveness is seriously hampered by the relatively high production cost and low efficiency of current thermoelectric materials and devices. To overcome present challenges and enable a successful deployment of thermoelectric systems in their wide application range, materials with significantly improved performance need to be developed. Nanostructuration can help in several ways to reach the very particular group of properties required to achieve high thermoelectric performances. Nanodomains inserted within a crystalline matrix can provide large charge carrier concentrations without strongly influencing their mobility, thus allowing to reach very high electrical conductivities. Nanostructured materials contain numerous grain boundaries that efficiently scatter mid- and long-wavelength phonons thus reducing the thermal conductivity. Furthermore, nanocrystalline domains can enhance the Seebeck coefficient by modifying the density of states and/or providing type- and energy-dependent charge carrier scattering. All these advantages can only be reached when engineering a complex type of material, nanocomposites, with exquisite control over structural and chemical parameters at multiple length scales. Since current conventional nanomaterial production technologies lack such level of control, alternative strategies need to be developed and adjusted to the specifics of the field. A particularly suitable approach to produce nanocomposites with unique level of control over their structural and compositional parameters is their bottom-up engineering from solution-processed nanoparticles. In this work, we review the state-of-the-art of this technology applied to the thermoelectric field, including the synthesis of nanoparticles of suitable materials with precisely engineered composition and surface chemistry, their combination and consolidation into nanostructured materials, the strategies to electronically dope such materials and the attempts to fabricate thermoelectric devices using nanoparticle-based nanopowders and inks.
Evaluation of color descriptors for object and scene recognition (2008)

Image category recognition is important to access visual information on the level of objects and scene types. So far, intensity-based descriptors have been widely used. To increase illumination invariance and discriminative power, color descriptors have been proposed only recently. As many descriptors exist, a structured overview of color invariant descriptors in the context of image category recognition is required.
Design and Development of BFO based Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Digital Image (2015)

The rapid increase of digitized media because of the proliferation of networked multimedia has created many issues like related to copyright protection, easily copying and transmitting the digital data. This has created the need for various techniques which helps to protect the digital media over the internet. Digital watermarking is one of the solutions. Digital watermarking is a technique which is used to hide the ownership information in the digital media. In this paper, we have implemented a technique based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) for watermarking the digital image. The work has been implemented in the MATLAB and the results show its robustness against the various attacks. The quality parameters such as PSNR, MSE and Similarity Ratio are also being used to check the quality of watermarked image which provides the satisfactory results.
A Semi-empirical Model of Test Quality in Symmetric Testing: Application to Testing Java Card APIs (2006)

In the smart card quality assurance field, software testing is the privileged way of increasing the confidence level in the implementation correctness. When testing Java Card application programming interfaces (APIs), the tester has to deal with the classical oracle problem, i.e. to find a way to evaluate the correctness of the computed output. In this paper, we report on an experience in testing methods of the Oberthur Card Systems Cosmo 32 RSA Java Card APIs by using the Symmetric Testing paradigm. This paradigm exploits user-defined symmetry properties of Java methods as test oracles. We propose an experimental environment that combines random testing and symmetry checking for (on-card) cross testing of several API methods. We develop a semi-empirical model (a model fed by experimental data) to help deciding when to stop testing and to assess test quality
Atrial natriuretic peptide for preventing and treating acute kidney injury (2009)

ANP may be associated with improved outcomes when used in low doses for preventing AKI and in managing postsurgery AKI and should be further explored in these two settings. There were no significant adverse events in the prevention studies, however in the high dose ANP treatment studies there were significant increases hypotension and arrhythmias.
Evidence of cisplatin-induced senescent-like growth arrest in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. (1998)

Cellular senescence is a programmed cell response leading to growth arrest in human diploid fibroblasts. We have shown that a nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, CNE1, following treatment by the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin, can undergo cellular senescent-like growth arrest, similar to fibroblasts, judged by cellular morphological changes and the expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal). This senescent-like change was dose related; at 0.5 microgram/ml, the percentage of cisplatin-induced SA-beta-gal-positive cells was high (40-96%), and the staining was intense. Higher doses (1.0 and 2.0 micrograms/ml) of cisplatin induced lower SA-beta-gal expression (30-70%), and the process was irreversible. This cisplatin-induced cellular senescent-like response was not due to the inhibition of telomerase activity. Our results indicate that cellular senescent-like pathways exist in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and can be induced by cisplatin. Our evidence suggests that cellular senescent-like responses may be a cellular protection mechanism that acts differently in response to different degrees of cellular damage.
The secondary alcohol metabolite of doxorubicin irreversibly inactivates aconitase/iron regulatory protein‐1 in cytosolic fractions from human myocardium (1998)

Anticancer therapy with doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by severe cardiotoxicity, presumably reflecting the intramyocardial formation of drug metabolites that alter cell constituents and functions. In a previous study, we showed that NADPH-supplemented cytosolic fractions from human myocardial samples can enzymatically reduce a carbonyl group in the side chain of DOX, yielding a secondary alcohol metabolite called doxorubicinol (DOXol). Here we demonstrate that DOXol delocalizes low molecular weight Fe(II) from the [4Fe-4S] cluster of cytoplasmic aconitase. Iron delocalization proceeds through the reoxidation of DOXol to DOX and liberates DOX-Fe(II) complexes as ultimate by-products. Under physiologic conditions, cluster disassembly abolishes aconitase activity and forms an apoprotein that binds to mRNAs, coordinately increasing the synthesis of transferrin receptor but decreasing that of ferritin. Aconitase is thus converted into an iron regulatory protein-1 (IRP-1) that causes iron uptake to prevail over sequestration, forming a pool of free iron that is used for metabolic functions. Conversely, cluster reassembly converts IRP-1 back to aconitase, providing a regulatory mechanism to decrease free iron when it exceeds metabolic requirements. In contrast to these physiologic mechanisms, DOXol-dependent iron release and cluster disassembly not only abolish aconitase activity, but also affect irreversibly the ability of the apoprotein to function as IRP-1 or to reincorporate iron within new Fe-S motifs. This damage is mediated by DOX-Fe(II) complexes and reflects oxidative modifications of -SH residues having the dual role to coordinate cluster assembly and facilitate interactions of IRP-1 with mRNAs. Collectively, these findings describe a novel mechanism of cardiotoxicity, suggesting that intramyocardial formation of DOXol may perturb the homeostatic processes associated with cluster assembly or disassembly and the reversible switch between aconitase and IRP-1. These results may also provide a guideline to design new drugs that mitigate the cardiotoxicity of DOX.
A comprehensive review: electrospinning technique for fabrication and surface modification of membranes for water treatment application (2016)

The review paper discusses the surface modification and fabrication of electrospun nanofibers for wastewater treatment.
Cell motility driving mediolateral intercalation in explants of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (1992)

In Xenopus, convergence and extension are produced by active intercalation of the deep mesodermal cells between one another along the mediolateral axis (mediolateral cell intercalation), to form a narrower, longer array. The cell motility driving this intercalation is poorly understood. A companion paper shows that the endodermal epithelium organizes the outermost mesodermal cells immediately beneath it to undergo convergence and extension, and other evidence suggests that these deep cells are the most active participants in mediolateral intercalation (Shih, J. and Keller, R. (1992) Development 116, 887-899). In this paper, we shave off the deeper layers of mesodermal cells, which allows us to observe the protrusive activity of the mesodermal cells next to the organizing epithelium with high resolution video microscopy. These mesodermal cells divide in the early gastrula and show rapid, randomly directed protrusive activity. At the early midgastrula stage, they begin to express a characteristic sequence of behaviors, called mediolateral intercalation behavior (MIB): (1) large, stable, filiform and lamelliform protrusions form in the lateral and medial directions, thus making the cells bipolar; (2) these protrusions are applied directly to adjacent cell surfaces and exert traction on them, without contact inhibition; (3) as a result, the cells elongate and align parallel to the mediolateral axis and perpendicular to the axis of extension; (4) the elongate, aligned cells intercalate between one another along the mediolateral axis, thus producing a longer, narrower array. Explants of essentially a single layer of deep mesodermal cells, made at stage 10.5, converge and extend by mediolateral intercalation. Thus by stage 10.5 (early midgastrula), expression of MIB among deep mesodermal cells is physiologically and mechanically independent of the organizing influence of the endodermal epithelium, described previously (Shih, J. and Keller, R. (1992) Development 116 887-899), and is the fundamental cell motility underlying mediolateral intercalation and convergence and extension of the body axis.
Peanut Allergy, Peanut Allergens, and Methods for the Detection of Peanut Contamination in Food Products (2007)

Attention to peanut allergy has been rising rapidly for the last 5 y, because it accounts for the majority of severe food-related anaphylaxis, it tends to appear early in life, and it usually is not resolved. Low milligram amounts of peanut allergens can induce severe allergic reactions in highly sensitized individuals, and no cure is available for peanut allergy. This review presents updated information on peanut allergy, peanut allergens (Ara h1 to h8), and available methods for detecting peanuts in foods. These methods are based on the detection of either peanut proteins or a specific DNA fragment of peanut allergens. A summary of published methods for detecting peanut in foods is given with a comparison of assay formats, target analyte, and assay sensitivity. Moreover, a summary of the current availability of commercial peanut allergen kits is presented with information about assay format, target analyte, sensitivity, testing time, company/kit name, and AOAC validation.
Treating Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Modulating Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism (2018)

A hepatic comorbidity of metabolic syndrome, known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is increasing in prevalence in conjunction with the pandemics of obesity and diabetes. The spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple hepatic fat accumulation to a more severe disease termed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), involving inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Importantly, NASH is linked to a much higher risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as an increased risk for nonhepatic malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Interest in the understanding of the disease processes and search for treatments for the spectrum of NAFLD-NASH has increased exponentially, but there are no approved pharmacologic therapies. In this review, we discuss the existing literature supporting insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione compounds as potential drug candidates for the treatment of NASH. In addition, we put these results into new context by summarizing recent studies suggesting these compounds alter mitochondrial metabolism by binding and inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.
Defective intracellular transport and processing of OA1 is a major cause of ocular albinism type 1 (2000)

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is an X-linked disorder mainly characterized by a severe reduction of visual acuity, hypopigmentation of the retina and the presence of macromelanosomes in the skin and eyes. Various types of mutation have been identified within the OA1 gene in patients with the disorder, including several missense mutations of unknown functional significance. In order to shed light into the molecular pathogenesis of ocular albinism and possibly define critical functional domains within the OA1 protein, we characterized 19 independent missense mutations with respect to processing and subcellular distribution on expression in COS-7 cells. Our analysis indicates the presence of at least two distinct biochemical defects associated with the different missense mutations. Eleven of the nineteen OA1 mutants (approximately 60%) were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, showing defecNStive intracellular transport and glycosylation, consistent with protein misfolding. The remaining eight of the nineteen OA1 mutants (approximately 40%) displayed sorting and processing behaviours indistinguishable from those of the wild-type protein. Consistent with our recent findings that OA1 represents a novel type of intracellular G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), we found that most of these latter mutations cluster within the second and third cytosolic loops, two regions that in canonical GPCRs are known to be critical for their downstream signaling, including G protein-coupling and effector activation. The biochemical analysis of OA1 mutations performed in this study provides important insights into the structure-function relationships of the OA1 protein and implies protein misfolding as a major pathogenic mechanism in OA1.
Brain tumor chemotherapy: an evaluation of agents in current use for phase II and III trials. (1980)

The reported English-language literature since 1969 on chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors has been collated, and reports of drugs or drug combinations used in phase II or III trials or with adjunctive therapies are reviewed. A significant fraction of the literature contained only anecdotal information, and even in the reports of more systematic trials, the criteria used to evaluate response were variable, ranging from subjective evaluation of clinical improvement to more stringent evaluations using one or more neurodiagnostic tests. A more consistent method of determining response is needed to facilitate comparison of different treatment protocols in the future, and guidelines for this are suggested. It appears that drugs of small molecular size (less than 450 daltons) and high lipid solubility have been the most effective. Single-agent chemotherapy using cell-cycle-specific drugs has, however, been disappointing. The nitrosoureas (especially BCNU) used either singly or in combination have consistently been the most effective agents in phase II and III trials. The combination of irradiation with adjunctive BCNU remains, for the present, the standard against which all other phase II and III protocols should be compared. New drugs for phase II evaluations are sorely needed. There is also need for new combination-drug and sequential-drug protocols for evaluation. The use of radiosensitizing agents with more novel radiation therapy fractionations and in combination with adjunctive drug therapies holds some promise for improving the disappointing results obtained thus far with chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors.