gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scanning electron microscopy of postovulatory human endometrium in spontaneous cycles and cycles stimulated by hormone treatment (1987)

The ultrastructure of the luminal surface epithelium was compared in endometrial samples taken from 23 normally cycling women and from 22 patients submitted to ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate (100 mg/day for 5 days), human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). On day 2 after ovulation, only four out of nine specimens taken from the women in the hormone-treated group were identical to those of normally cycling women. On day 6 after ovulation, only two out of the 13 biopsy specimens from the treated group were the same as those from normally cycling women at that stage. Apical protrusions (pinopodes), typical for this period of the cycle, were missing in 11 of the 13 endometrial samples from the treated group. These observations suggest that the hormonal treatment applied to induce ovulation (clomiphene citrate, hMG and hCG) can modify the normal development of the prenidatory endometrium, and may thus have a negative effect on the rate of egg implantation.
Human CDC45 protein binds to minichromosome maintenance 7 protein and the p70 subunit of DNA polymerase α (1999)

Budding yeast CDC45 encodes Cdc45p, an essential protein required to trigger initiation of DNA replication in late G1 phase. We cloned four and one species of the human Cdc45p homolog cDNA, resulting from different splicing patterns, from HeLa cell and human placenta cDNA libraries, respectively. A comparison of the cDNAs and the genomic sequence showed that the longest encoding a 610-amino acid protein was comprised of 20 exons. One species, which lacks exon 7 and contains the shorter of two exons 18, was identical with the previously reported CDC45L cDNA and constituted 24 out of 28 clones from HeLa cells. Splicing was different in HeLa cells and TIG-1 cells, a human diploid cell line. Human CDC45 protein was found to bind directly in vitro to human minichromosome maintenance 7 protein (hMCM7) and to the p70 subunit of DNA polymerase alpha. The data support a thesis that human CDC45 acts as a molecular tether to mediate loading of the DNA polymerase alpha on to the DNA replication complex through binding to hMCM7.
Anterior cingulate cortical volumes and treatment remission of geriatric depression (2009)

Structural abnormalities of the dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate may perpetuate late-life depression.
The oxidation of aniline to produce “polyaniline”: a process yielding many different nanoscale structures (2010)

The number of different nano- and micro-scale structures produced from the chemical oxidation of aniline into “polyaniline” is rivaled by few other organic materials. Nanoscale structures such as fibers, tubes, aligned wires, flowers, spheres and hollow spheres, plates, and even those resembling anatomical organs, insects, and sea animals have been observed for the products produced when aniline is oxidized. This feature article examines these different structures and the small and subtle changes in reaction parameters that result in their formation. These changes can often result in drastic differences in the polymer's nanoscale morphology. Because a nanomaterial's properties are highly dependent on the type of morphology produced, understanding polyaniline's propensity for forming these structures is crucial towards tailoring the material for different applications as well as improving its synthetic reproducibility. The different approaches to commonly observed polyaniline nanostructures are presented in this article along with some of the highly debated aspects of these processes. The article ends with our approach towards resolving some of these contentious issues and our perspective on where things are headed in the years to come.
Silicon bipolar 3 V power amplifier for GSM900/GSM1800 handsets (2002)

A hybrid dual band Power Amplifier Module (PAM) for GSM900/GSM1800 mobile phones is described. The PAM utilizes Nortel's double-poly self-aligned silicon NPN transistors and HP's RF MultiPak packaging technology. The PAM operates directly from the mobile phone battery over the 2.7 V to 4.5 V range.
Temperature Control using Fuzzy Logic (2014)

The aim of the temperature control is to heat the system up todelimitated temperature, afterwardhold it at that temperature in insured manner. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is best way in which this type of precision control can be accomplished by controller. During past twenty yearssignificant amount of research using fuzzy logichas done in this field of control of non-linear dynamical system. Here we have developed temperature control system using fuzzy logic. Control theory techniques are the root from which convention controllers are deducted. The desired response of the output can be guaranteed by the feedback controller.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Cryptomelane-Type Manganese Dioxide Nanomaterials Produced by a Novel Solvent-Free Method (2005)

Cryptomelane-type K-OMS-2 nanomaterials with high surface area (156 m2/g) have been synthesized via a low-temperature solvent-free method in a very short time (1 h). Field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal that these materials have nanorod morphologies with average diameters of about 10 nm and lengths of about 50 nm. These are different from the long fiberous morphologies of OMS-2 materials made by conventional reflux or hydrothermal methods. X-ray diffraction and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller studies indicate that these materials have small crystallite sizes (∼9.8 nm) and that they are mesoporous with a uniform pore size distribution centered at 12 nm. These K-OMS-2 materials show improved catalytic activity for the oxidation of alcohols compared with the conventional K-OMS-2 materials, which may be due to their higher surface areas and novel surface properties. This fast, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly solvent-free method has the potential of being used in scaled-up syntheses of K-OMS-2 and other transition-metal-ion-substituted manganese oxide nanomaterials.
Conversion of octacalcium phosphate in calcium phosphate cements (2000)

This study investigated the in vitro conversion reaction in calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) containing octacalcium phosphate (OCP) as one of the reagents. OCP is known to be a precursor for apatite formation in vivo. The reaction products were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Although the conversion of OCP into hydroxyapatite is thermodynamically favorable, OCP only yields apatite formation in CPC provided it is combined with a highly soluble Ca2+ and OH− releasing reaction partner. In this respect, tetracalcium phosphate is a promising compound. Adding small amounts of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate can stimulate the setting through intermediate brushite formation. The preparation method of OCP might drastically affect the performance of the cement. The reaction path of the setting of these CPC probably does not conform to the singular point principle described in the literature, and an in situ hydrolysis of OCP to apatite is conceivable. Simulation of apatite formation using OCP as the precursor and/or seed in CPC might be beneficial for some biomedical applications. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 95–106, 2000.
Real-time tracking, retrieval and gene expression analysis of migrating human T cells (2014)

Dynamical analysis of single-cells allows assessment of the extent and role of cell-to-cell variability, however traditional dish-and-pipette techniques have hindered single-cell analysis in quantitative biology. We developed an automated microfluidic cell culture system that generates stable diffusion-based chemokine gradients, where cells can be placed in predetermined positions, monitored via single-cell time-lapse microscopy, and subsequently be retrieved based on their migration speed and directionality for further off-chip gene expression analysis, constituting a powerful platform for multiparameter quantitative studies of single-cell chemotaxis. Using this system we studied CXCL12-directed migration of individual human primary T cells. Spatiotemporally deterministic retrieval of T cell subsets in relation to their migration speed, and subsequent analysis with microfluidic droplet digital-PCR showed that the expression level of CXCR4 – the receptor of CXCL12 – underlies enhanced human T cell chemotaxis.
Forestry In California (1949)

The cry of “Timber – r – r” preceded the cry of “Gold” in California for it was in the mill race of one of the early sawmills that James W. Marshall discovered gold on January 24, 1848. Already lumber was in demand for the towns and ranches of the wonderful new-found land.
Learning by Associating Ambiguously Labeled Images (2013)

We study in this paper the problem of learning classifiers from ambiguously labeled images. For instance, in the collection of new images, each image contains some samples of interest (\emph{e.g.,} human faces), and its associated caption has labels with the true ones included, while the sample-label association is unknown. The task is to learn classifiers from these ambiguously labeled images and generalize to new images. An essential consideration here is how to make use of the information embedded in the relations between samples and labels, both within each image and across the image set. To this end, we propose a novel framework to address this problem. Our framework is motivated by the observation that samples from the same class repetitively appear in the collection of ambiguously labeled training images, while they are just ambiguously labeled in each image. If we can identify samples of the same class from each image and associate them across the image set, the matrix formed by the samples from the same class would be ideally low-rank. By leveraging such a low-rank assumption, we can simultaneously optimize a partial permutation matrix (PPM) for each image, which is formulated in order to exploit all information between samples and labels in a principled way. The obtained PPMs can be readily used to assign labels to samples in training images, and then a standard SVM classifier can be trained and used for unseen data. Experiments on benchmark datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Privacy enhanced access control in pervasive computing environments (2005)

Privacy and security are two important but seemingly contradict objectives in pervasive computing environments (PCEs). On the one hand, service providers want to authenticate service users and make sure they are accessing only authorized services in a legitimate way. On the other hand, users want to maintain necessary privacy without being tracked down for wherever they are and whatever they are doing. In this paper we propose a novel privacy enhanced authentication and access control scheme to secure the interactions between mobile users and services in PCEs. The proposed scheme seamlessly integrates two underlying cryptographic primitives, blind signature and hash chain, into a highly flexible and lightweight authentication and key establishment protocol. It provides explicit mutual authentication between a user and a service, while allowing the user to anonymously interact with the service. Differentiated service access control is also enabled in the proposed scheme by classifying mobile users into different service groups.
ChemInform Abstract: JOINT ACTION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR AND GASEOUS AMMONIA ON KETONES. 89. MIGRATION OF ACYL GROUPS IN N‐ACYL‐2H‐IMIDAZOLE‐4(3H)‐THIONES (1976)

Abstract Die thermische Stabilität der durch Acylierung der Imidazolthione (I) mit den entsprechenden Säurechloriden (II) gebildeten kristallinen N‐Acyl‐Derivate (III) wird vom Acylsubstituenten R" und von den Substituenten R′ ‐R3 am heterocyclischen Ringsystem bestimmt.
Crystallization of a perovskite film for higher performance solar cells by controlling water concentration in methyl ammonium iodide precursor solution (2015)

An optimal small amount of water added into methyl ammonium iodide (MAI) solution in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) helps perovskite crystallization and leads to larger grain size from sequential deposition of perovskite films. The concentration of water was varied from 1% to 7% (vol% of IPA) in MAI solution and optical absorption, crystallization, morphology of perovskite films and their photovoltaic performance were studied in perovskite solar cells. 5% by volume was found to lead to preferential crystallization in the (110) plane with grain size about three times that of perovskite films prepared without adding water into the MAI solution. The optimal water concentration of 5% by volume in the MAI solution led to average perovskite grain size of ∼600 nm and solar cell efficiency of 12.42% at forward scan with a rate of 0.5 V s(-1). Device performance decreases after increasing water concentration beyond 5% in the MAI solution due to formation of the PbI2 phase. Transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements show the shortest charge transport time at 0.99 μs and the longest charge carrier life time at 13.6 μs for perovskite films prepared from 5% water in MAI solution, which improved perovskite solar cell efficiency from 9.04% to 12.42%.
Introduction of a putative dopaminergic prodrug moiety into a 6,7-substitution pattern characteristic of certain 2-aminotetralin dopaminergic agonists (1989)

On the basis of the premise that the dopaminergic agonist profile of 2-(di-n-propylamino)-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetralin (1a) is due to in vivo oxidation of the 6-methyl moiety and that 1a may represent a novel prodrug strategy, the vicinal methyl-hydroxyl substitution pattern was incorporated into the 6- and 7-positions of 2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin to give the 6-methyl-7-hydroxy and 6-hydroxy-7-methyl isomers 8 and 9, respectively. A multistep synthetic approach was devised which permitted preparation of target molecules 8 and 9. Pharmacological data revealed that both target compounds exhibit modest dopamine-like effects in the cardioaccelerator nerve assay in the cat, but neither appeared to be metabolically activated as was the case with 1a. The effects of 9 (but not of 8) were antagonized by pretreatment with haloperidol. Thus, the 5-hydroxy-6-methyl substitution pattern in the 2-aminotetralins remains unique as a dopaminergic agonist prodrug structure.
Computer-aided detection of polyps and masses for CT colonography (2003)

We are developing a computer-aided scheme for the detection of colonic polyps and masses in CT colonography. The colon is extracted automatically from CT images by use of a knowledge-guided technique. The detection of polyps and masses is based on shape index and curvedness features. A feature-guided segmentation technique is used to extract the regions of detected polyps. A quadratic discriminant classifier is used for reducing false-positive detections and for determining the final output based on shape index, gradient concentration, and CT value features. To evaluate the technique, we performed CT colonography for 72 patients with cleansed colons and by use of a standard technique with helical CT scanning. Thirteen patients had a total of 20 polyps measuring 5-12mm, and four patients had 4 masses measuring 25-40 mm in diameter. In a by-polyp(by-mass) leave-one-out evaluation, the CAD scheme detected 95% of the polyps(all masses) with an average of 1.5(0.5) false-positive detections per patient. These preliminary results suggest that our CAD scheme is potentially a useful tool for providing rapid interpretation and high diagnostic accuracy for CT colonography.
Domain Swapping between Enterococcus faecalis FabN and FabZ Proteins Localizes the Structural Determinants for Isomerase Activity (2005)

Anaerobic unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in bacteria occurs through the introduction of a double bond into the growing acyl chain. In the Escherichia coli model system, FabA catalyzes both the dehydration of beta-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP and the isomerization of trans-2-decenoyl-ACP to cis-3-decenoyl-ACP as the essential step. A second dehydratase, FabZ, functions in acyl chain elongation but cannot carry out the isomerization reaction. Enterococcus faecalis has two highly related FabZ homologs. One of these, termed EfFabN, carries out the isomerization reaction in vivo, whereas the other, EfFabZ, does not (Wang, H., and Cronan, J. E. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 34489-34495). We carried out a series of domain swapping and mutagenesis experiments coupled with in vitro biochemical analyses to define the structural feature(s) that specify the catalytic properties of these two enzymes. Substitution of the beta3 and beta4 strands of EfFabZ with the corresponding strands from EfFabN was necessary and sufficient to convert EfFabZ into an isomerase. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the isomerase potential of beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratases is determined by the properties of the beta-sheets that dictate the orientation of the central alpha-helix and thus the shape of the substrate binding tunnel rather than the catalytic machinery at the active site.
Modeling Flow of Chelating Agents during Stimulation of Carbonate Reservoirs (2012)

Abstract Different fluids have been introduced in the oil industry to be used as alternatives to HCl. Chelating agents such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid), and HEDTA (hydroxy ethylene diamine triacetic acid) have been used as stand-alone stimulation fluids. These fluids can be used to stimulate water injectors, oil, or gas producers, therefore, the effect of the type of reservoir fluid on the stimulation process should be investigated. In this study, an analytical model was developed to describe the flow of HEDTA and EDTA chelating agents and propagation inside carbonate formations. The analytical model can be used as a pre-design tool before the treatments. The developed model can be used to predict the volume of the chelant solution required to create wormholes in calciteformations at different temperatures. The temperature affects the diffusion coefficient of the chelating agent, wormholing rate, and wormhole shape and size. The dissolving power of different forms of HEDTA chelating agent can be determined using the model. The optimum injection rate based on optimum wormholing conditions was identified for the chelating agents. Also, the model can be used to predict the wormholing rate of different chelating agents in carbonate formations. The analytical model can be used to predict the performance of the chelating agent in carbonate stimulation. The volume of chelating agent required to stimulate carbonate formation per foot thickness was determined using the developed model. The optimum injection rate was determined for different chelating agents using the model and the results were compared with experimental results from previous work and there was a good agreement between the measured and the predicted values. The model can be used to determine the best stimulation fluid based on the temperature and fracture pressure of the target zones.
Genetic analyses and molecular characterization of the pathways involved in the conversion of 2‐phenylethylamine and 2‐phenylethanol into phenylacetic acid in <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> U (2007)

In Pseudomonas putida U two different pathways (Pea, Ped) are required for the conversion of 2-phenylethylamine and 2-phenylethanol into phenylacetic acid. The 2-phenylethylamine pathway (PeaABCDEFGHR) catalyses the transport of this amine, its deamination to phenylacetaldehyde by a quinohaemoprotein amine dehydrogenase and the oxidation of this compound through a reaction catalysed by a phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Another catabolic route (PedS(1)R(1)ABCS(2)R(2)DEFGHI) is needed for the uptake of 2-phenylethanol and for its oxidation to phenylacetic acid via phenylacetaldehyde. This implies the participation of two different two-component signal-transducing systems, two quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases, a cytochrome c, a periplasmic binding protein, an aldehyde dehydrogenase, a pentapeptide repeat protein and an ABC efflux system. Additionally, two accessory sets of elements (PqqABCDEF and CcmABCDEFGHI) are necessary for the operation of the main pathways (Pea and Ped). PqqABCDEF is required for the biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a prosthetic group of certain alcohol dehydrogenases that transfers electrons to an independent cytochrome c; whereas CcmABCDEFGHI is required for cytochrome c maturation. Our data show that the degradation of phenylethylamine and phenylethanol in P. putida U is quite different from that reported in Escherichia coli, and they demonstrate that PeaABCDEFGHR and PedS(1)R(1)ABCS(2)R(2)DEFGHI are two upper routes belonging to the phenylacetyl-CoA catabolon.
Improved cathode-ray tube for application in Williams memory system (1952)

Design features and electrical characteristics of a new cathode-ray tube which was developed specifically for electrostatic storage applications are described. Particular attention is given to the spot size, deflection defocusing, “spill” characteristics, screen blemishes, signal output, and the compromises made to achieve optimum over-all design.
Incorporating the Soil Community into Plant Population Dynamics: The Utility of the Feedback Approach (1997)

James D. Bever, Kristi M. Westover, Janis Antonovics, Incorporating the Soil Community into Plant Population Dynamics: The Utility of the Feedback Approach, Journal of Ecology, Vol. 85, No. 5 (Oct., 1997), pp. 561-573
Laser-plasma x-ray source by cryogenic target and high-repetition-rate slab YAG laser (2000)

X-ray generation using Ar, Kr and Xe cryogenic targets is investigated and compared. Strong x-ray emission at (lambda) equals 3.2 nm from Ar, (lambda) equals 9.0 and 10.0 nm from Kr and (lambda) equals 10.8 nm from Xe are observed. The x-ray conversion efficiencies of Ar, Kr and Xe cryogenic targets were 0.4 percent/sr/10 percent bw at I<SUB>L</SUB> equals 1 X 10<SUP>12</SUP>W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively, and were proportional to about 0.16, 0.07 and 0.3 power to the laser intensity, respectively. From gas cell target experiments, it is found that the initial target density is required to exceed 10<SUP>21</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. In cryogenic mixture targets the x- ray conversion efficiency per Xe mole fraction is found to have maximum values at a specific value of Xe fraction. Finally a high average power x-ray generation is demonstrated using a device of continuous supply of the target and a high average power high rep rate Q-switched YAG slab laser driver that we developed.
Conformational change of Escherichia coli initiator methionyl-tRNAfMet upon binding to methionyl-tRNA formyl transferase (2002)

The specific formylation of initiator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNA) by methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTF) is important for the initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. The determinants for formylation are located in the acceptor stem and in the dihydrouridine (D) stem of the initiator tRNA (tRNA(fMet)). Here, we have used ethylation interference analysis to study the interactions between the Met-tRNA(fMet) and MTF in solution. We have identified three clusters of phosphates in the tRNA that, when ethylated, interfere with binding of MTF. Interference due to ethylation of phosphates in the acceptor stem and in the D stem is most likely due to the close proximity of the protein as seen in the crystal structure of the MTF.fMet-tRNA(fMet) complex. The third cluster of phosphates, whose ethylation interferes with binding of MTF, is dispersed along the anticodon stem, which is distal to the sites of tRNA protein contacts. Interestingly, these latter positions correspond to sites of increased cleavages by RNase V1 in RNA footprinting experiments. Together, these results suggest that in addition to the protein, which binds to the substrate tRNA in an induced fit mechanism, the tRNA also undergoes induced structural changes during its binding to MTF.