gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 100MIPS Ps, 64b Superscalar Microprocessor With DSP Enhancements (1991)

This microprocessor provides high performance at moderate system cost, and is targeted for computation-intensive, embedded control applications. It meets the needs of performance- driven applications, by implementing a RISC architecture and utilizing superscalar design techniques. The microprocessor incorporates two independent integer units, a floating- point unit, instruction and data caches, and a 64b bus. It also incorporates DSP enhancements. The two integer units and the floating-point unit can execute instructions in parallel to provide either two integer operations, or one integer and one floating-point operation per clock cycle. At 50MHz, the microprocessor achieves 112,000 Dhrystones/s, 20MFLOPS in the double-precision Linpack inner loop, 1024-point integer FIT in 1498µs and 1024-point floating-point FFTin 1025µs. To minimize cost, the microprocessor uses clocking which allows the bus to operate at half the frequency of the internal clock. Half-frequency bus operation allows for a conventional memory system design at 25MHz clock while the microprocessor runs internally at 50MHz. To further reduce cost, a direct memory access (DMA) controller, an interrupt control unit (ICU) and a timer are integrated on-chip. (Figure 1) The die is 13xl3mm, using a 0.8µm double-metal CMOS process.
Liebe Kollegin, lieber Kollege, (2011)

haben Sie den Jahreswechsel gut überstanden, Feste und Feiern, Lametta und die ganzen kulinarischen Begleiterscheinungen?
Purification of Recombinant Chemokines from E. coli (2003)

The majority of chemokines are highly basic, small proteins, with a molecular mass of around 8–10 kDa. Although they do not necessarily have a high level of homology at the primary sequence level, which can be as low as 20%, although it can also be as high as 90%, the three-dimensional structure of all the chemokines solved to date has shown that they have a superimposable monomeric fold. This fold is imposed on the family by the four cysteine motif that is common to the majority of the chemokines since they all form two disulfides between Cys-1 and 3, and Cys2 and 4, whether they belong to the α or CXC or β or CC subclass. Molecular modeling of the two chemokines that deviate from the motif, the C chemokine lymphotactin which lacks a disulfide, and the CX3C chemokine neurotactin or fraktalkine which has three amino acids between the first cysteine pair, both adopt the same fold. Modeling in fact shows that either one or three residues between the first two Cys can be adopted, but not two, probably explaining why examples of CX2C chemokines do not exist.
Luteinizing hormone increases inositol trisphosphate and cytosolic free Ca2+ in isolated bovine luteal cells. (1987)

The present studies were conducted to determine whether luteinizing hormone (LH), a hormone which increases intracellular cAMP, also increases "second messengers" derived from inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in isolated bovine luteal cells. In luteal cells prelabeled with 32PO4, LH provoked increases in labeling of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and polyphosphatidylinositol (PIP). No reductions in 32P-prelabeled PIP and PIP2 were observed in LH-treated cells. In luteal cells prelabeled with myo-[2-3H]inositol, LH provoked rapid (10-30 s) and sustained (up to 60 min) increases in the levels of inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates (IP, IP2, and IP3, respectively. IP3 was formed more rapidly than IP2 or IP following LH treatment. In addition, LH increased (50%) levels of [3H]inositol phospholipids in 30-min incubations. LiCl (10 mM) enhanced inositol phosphate accumulation in response to LH. Maximal increases in IP3 occurred at 1-10 micrograms/ml of LH. Similar temporal and dose-response relationships were observed for LH-stimulated IP3 and cAMP accumulation. However, exogenous cAMP (8-bromo-cAMP, 5 mM) and forskolin (10 microM) had no effect on inositol phosphate synthesis. The initial (1 min) effects of LH on IP3 and cAMP were independent of extracellular calcium concentrations, whereas the sustained (5 min) effect of LH on IP3, but not cAMP, was dependent on a source of extracellular calcium. LH-stimulated progesterone synthesis was also dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. LH induced rapid and concentration-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i as measured by Quin 2 fluorescence. The LH-induced increases in [Ca2+]i were maximal within 30 s (approximately 2-fold) and remained elevated for at least 10 min. In Ca2+-free media containing 2 mM [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid, LH was still able to increase [Ca2+]i, but the increase was slightly less in magnitude and of shorter duration (2-4 min). These findings demonstrate that LH can rapidly raise levels of IP3 and [Ca2+]i, as well as, cAMP in bovine luteal cells. These findings suggest that at least two second messenger systems exist to mediate the action of LH in the corpus luteum.
Is Lithium Still Worth Using? An Update of Selected Recent Research (2002)

The treatment of bipolar disorder has seen greater innovation in the past decade than at any other time since the introduction of lithium and the neuroleptics a half-century ago. The place of lithium in contemporary psychiatric therapeutics has become controversial, calling for the present overview of research findings pertaining to its use in treating patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium, by itself, typically is inadequate for rapid control of acute mania; antipsychotics, divalproex, or potent sedatives are commonly used, with or without lithium, for this purpose. The special usefulness of lithium lies in long-term prevention of recurrences of mania and bipolar depression and in reducing risk of suicidal behavior. Lithium also may be beneficial in recurrent unipolar depression and is an effective adjunct for treatment-resistant depression. Expectations that prolonged untreated bipolar illness, multiple episodes, rapid cycling, or retreatment following discontinuation might routinely lead to lithium nonresponsiveness, and the belief that lithium is too toxic for use during pregnancy, have not been borne out by research. Lithium retains a substantial share of prescriptions for bipolar disorder and is inexpensive. No other treatment has performed as well as lithium in as many aspects of long-term care of bipolar disorder patients, and despite some risks and limitations, lithium remains the standard against which all proposed alternatives are compared.
An Anomaly Detection Approach To Detect Unexpected Faults In Recordings From Test Drives (2013)

In the automotive industry test drives are being conducted<br> during the development of new vehicle models or as a part of<br> quality assurance of series-production vehicles. The communication<br> on the in-vehicle network, data from external sensors, or internal<br> data from the electronic control units is recorded by automotive<br> data loggers during the test drives. The recordings are used for fault<br> analysis. Since the resulting data volume is tremendous, manually<br> analysing each recording in great detail is not feasible.<br> This paper proposes to use machine learning to support domainexperts<br> by preventing them from contemplating irrelevant data and<br> rather pointing them to the relevant parts in the recordings. The<br> underlying idea is to learn the normal behaviour from available<br> recordings, i.e. a training set, and then to autonomously detect<br> unexpected deviations and report them as anomalies.<br> The one-class support vector machine “support vector data description”<br> is utilised to calculate distances of feature vectors. SVDDSUBSEQ<br> is proposed as a novel approach, allowing to classify subsequences<br> in multivariate time series data. The approach allows to<br> detect unexpected faults without modelling effort as is shown with<br> experimental results on recordings from test drives.
Law and government (1990)

It is a common place to say that the government of a civilised community would be impossible without law, and that the judiciary performs a function which is political in the wider sense of that term - that is, a function which pertains to the government of the state. It is commonly accepted that the duty of the judiciary in applying the law is to act independently, without fear or favour, and that since the law must be applied to the executive government and its officers as well as to the ordinary citizen, the judiciary must be free from pressure or influence from the executive as well as from any other section of the community.
Geological characteristics and key exploration technologies of continental shale oil sweet spots: A case study of Member 2 of Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong sag in the Huanghua depression, Bohai Bay Basin (2019)

Under the general trend of stepping-up oil and gas exploration and development in China, the unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale oil and gas have become an important alternative. Abundant continental shale oil resources are developed in Member 2 of Kongdian Formation (Ek2) of the Cangdong sag in the Huanghua depression of the Bohai Bay Basin which has complex structure, strong heterogeneity, and large buried depth, thus, the geological characteristic of shale oil accumulation and key exploration technologies are investigated on base of the system coring of 635.8 m, centimeter-level fine description and analysis of over ten thousand samples, therefore, the “four accurate” technologies have been developed, including the accurate selection of sweet spot areas, accurate drilling of sweet spot layers, accurate fracturing of sweet spot layers and accurate measure of fracture-rich sections. The results show that the continental shale strata in Member 2 of Kongdian Formation can be divided into three types: felsic shale, limy dolomitic shale and mixed shale. The Member 2 of Kongdian Formation is characterized by diverse mineral components, abundant laminae, good source rocks and medium thermal evolution degree, tight reservoir with rich micropore and microfractures, high oil saturation and brittle mineral content, indicating good prospect of shale oil exploration. Through sedimentological study, TOC and Ro evaluation, brittle mineral calculation, and seismic fusion inversion, a total of 126 km2 of Class I sweet spots in Member 2 of Kongdian Formation was delineated comprehensively, which guides horizontal well deployment (Well GD1701H and Well GD1702H). The drilling rate of sweet spot of these two horizontal wells is up to 96% by tracing thin layer through fine calibration, locating compartment through fine inversion, ensuring window entry through precise positioning, and tracking sweet spot through adjustment. The "one-excellent and five-highs” criterion is used to select perforation points to realize differential designs of fracturing intervals and clusters. Micro-seismic and potentiometry monitoring show that the artificial fractures formed by volumetric fracturing are 300–400 m long and 120 m high, and control a volume of about 0.07 km3. The maximum daily oil production of two horizontal wells is 48 t and 66 t respectively to realize the economic exploitation of shale oil reserves controlled by fractures. The shale oil exploration in Member 2 of Kongdian Formation shows that the continental shale oil has great potential of exploration and development, and the above technologies are critical and effective for shale oil efficient recovery.
Bias stress stable aqueous solution derived Y-doped ZnO thin film transistors (2011)

We demonstrate solution processed oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) with high performance as well as improved electrical/thermal temperature stress stabilities. Yttrium-doped ZnO (YZO) TFTs are fabricated using aqueous precursors prepared via direct dissolution of metal hydroxides. The Y contents in YZO films are critical for determining the intrinsic electrical properties as well as the positive bias stress-, negative bias stress-, and negative bias temperature stress-induced instabilities. Solution processed 1% Y-doped ZnO TFT annealed at 350 °C exhibits a noticeably lower threshold voltage shift of 3.78 V under positive bias stress and −1.72 V under negative bias temperature stress as well as the good device performance with a mobility of ∼1.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off current ratio of ∼107. Our results suggest that solution processed Y-doped ZnO TFTs have potential for use in high stability performance applications in transparent devices.
Blood-Pool Contrast Media Are the Ideal Agents for Computed Tomography (1991)

From the University of California San Diego, California. Supported in part by grants KO8-CA01319, CA36799, and Alliance Pharm Corp. Mattrey RF. Blood-pool contrast media are the ideal agents for computed tomography. Invest Radiol 1991;26:S55-S56.
Characterization and application studies of ProxyPhos, a chemosensor for the detection of proximally phosphorylated peptides and proteins in aqueous solutions (2017)

Proximal phosphorylation on proteins appears to have functional significance and has been associated with several diseases, including Alzheimer's and cancer. While much remains to be learned about the role of proximal phosphorylation in biological systems, no simple and/or affordable technique is available for its detection. To this end, we have previously developed a ProxyPhos chemosensor, which detects proximally phosphorylated peptides and proteins over mono- and non-phosphorylated motifs in aqueous solutions. In this follow-up work, we performed extensive characterization of peptide and protein ProxyPhos assay conditions to achieve enhanced detection, and further explored the selectivity of ProxyPhos, and its potential off-targets. As a result of characterization studies, selective sensing of proximally phosphorylated over mono-phosphorylated peptides and proteins was achieved. Moreover, studies demonstrated that ProxyPhos was compatible with the detection of all commonly phosphorylated residues (i.e. tyrosine, serine and threonine residues). Under optimized conditions, ProxyPhos efficiently discriminated between peptides derived from the activated (proximally phosphorylated, disease-relevant) and inactive (mono-phosphorylated) forms of JAK2, SYK and MAPK1 kinases. In addition, ProxyPhos can be used to probe phosphatase activity on peptides and proteins via detecting changes in proximal phosphorylation, demonstrating immediate utility of this chemosensing system.
Abstract #4683: Dendrogenin A, a promising therapy for metastatic melanoma, involving the secretion of exosomes, enriched in HSP70 and tyrosinase, and immunogenic cell death. (2009)

Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Treatment options include the surgical resection of metastases, therapy with dacarbazine or immunotherapy, however, the response rates of these treatments are weak (around 15-20 %). In order to develop new compounds with anti-melanoma activities, we studied the anti-tumor activity of a new aminosterol, Dendrogenin A (DDA), against B16F10, a very aggressive metastatic melanoma. We observed that DDA enhanced the secretion of exosomes from B16F10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and for concentrations (10 nM to 1 µM) that induced an increase in cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cycle and characteristics of melanoma cell differentiation. Exosomes secreted from cells treated by DDA were characterized as bearing specific exosomal markers and particularly enriched in HSP70 and tyrosinase. At higher concentrations, we characterized that DDA induced apoptotic cell death associated with an increase in cell surface exposure of calreticulin, a key molecular determinant for immunogenic cancer cell death. Since DDA might activated the immune system by its cellular effects, we tested the anti-tumor effect of DDA against B16F10 tumors implanted on immunocompetente and athymic mice. After 4 weeks of treatment with low doses of DDA (sc, 0.5 µmole/Kg), mean DDA-treated tumor volumes were reduced by 90 %, while dacarbazine (57 µmole/Kg) had slight influence on tumor growth. At day 60, the survival of mice treated with DDA was 40 %, while it was null for the vehicle or dacarbazine-treated groups. In contrast, no tumor growth control was observed in athymic mice treated with DDA, suggesting a T cell-mediated immune response. To study the effect of DDA on metastases, B16F10 cells were injected into the tail vein of C57/BL6 mice. After two weeks of treatment with DDA (ip, 0.5 µmole/Kg), the number of lung metastasis was 75 % lower in animal treated with DDA than in the control group. To explore whether exosomes secreted by DDA treatment may contribute to the anti-tumor effect of DDA, exosomes from cells treated with DDA or the vehicle were collected, purified and injected intradermally into the flank of mice while B16F10 cells were injected subcutaneously into the opposite flank. A single injection of exosomes from cells treated with 1 µM DDA reduced significantly the growth of tumors and increased the survival of mice while exosomes from vehicle-treated cells did not display any anti-tumor activity. In conclusion, DDA displays an antitumor and antimetastatic activity against B16F10 melanoma and extends animal survival via an original mechanism involving secretion of exosomes particularly enriched in tyrosinase and HSP70. Together, these data indicate that DDA is a promising therapy against metastatic melanoma. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4683.
vDNS closed-loop control: A framework for an elastic control plane service (2015)

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) promise great efficiencies in deploying and operating new services, in terms of performance, resiliency and cost. However, today most operational VNF clouds are still generally static after their initial instantiation, thus not realizing many of the potential benefits of virtualization and enhanced orchestration. In this paper, we explore a large-scale operational instantiation of a virtual Domain Name System (vDNS) and present an analytical framework and platform to improve its efficiency during normal and adverse network traffic conditions, such as those caused by Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks and site failures. Using dynamic virtual machine instantiation, we show that under normal daily cycles we can run vDNS resolvers at higher target load, increasing the transactional efficiency of the underlying hardware by more than 10%, and improving client latency due to lower recursion rates. We demonstrate a method of reducing reaction time and service impacts due to malicious network traffic, such as during a DDoS event, by automatically redeploying virtual resources at selected nodes in the network. We quantify the tradeoff between spare hardware costs and latency under site failures, taking advantage of SDN controller-based flow redirection. This work is part of AT&T's ongoing network transformation through network function virtualization (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), and enhanced orchestration.
Flexible Error Protection for Energy Efficient Reliable Architectures (2010)

Technology scaling is having an increasingly detrimental effect on microprocessor reliability, with increased variability and higher susceptibility to errors. At the same time, as integration of chip multiprocessors increases, power consumption is becoming a significant bottleneck that could threaten their growth. To deal with these competing trends, energy-efficient solutions are needed to deal with reliability problems. This paper presents a reliable multicore architecture that provides targeted error protection by adapting to the characteristics of individual cores and workloads, with the goal of providing reliability with minimum energy. The user can specify an acceptable reliability target for each chip, core, or application. The system then adjusts a range of parameters, including replication and supply voltage, to meet that reliability goal. In this multicore architecture, each core consists of a pair of pipelines that can run independently (running separate threads) or in concert (running the same thread and verifying results). Redundancy is enabled selectively, at functional unit granularity. The architecture also employs timing speculation for mitigation of variation-induced timing errors and to reduce the power overhead of error protection. On-line control based on machine learning dynamically adjusts multiple parameters to minimize energy consumption. Evaluation shows that dynamic adaptation of voltage and redundancy can reduce the energy delay product of a CMP by 30 - 60% compared to static dual modular redundancy.
Planar field emission devices with three-dimensional gate structures (1992)

Microelectronic vacuum triodes with planar structures have the advantage of using an ordinary microfabrication process and an electrode capacitance that can be made lower than the vertical triode. The planar triode is fabricated with a ring gate, the aim of which is to improve field emission efficiency and gate controllability. The two-stage photolithography and etching method has been developed to make a sharper emitter. This planar field emission device has thin W/Al film electrodes deposited on a quartz glass substrate. One hundred array emitters are formed periodically at 20 mu m pitch.
Photo-oxidation of water sensitized by WO3 powder (1982)

WO3 powder photosensitized the oxidation of water by Fe3+ ions with blue light (400–450 nm). The formal quantum efficiency for oxygen production at 405 nm was (3.1 ± 0.1)× 10–3 mol ein–1. Oxygen production was partially inhibited by Fe2+, oxygen and high concentrations of Fe3+(> 10–2 mol dm–3). Depositing RuO2 on to the semiconductor powder produced a moderate increase in the rate of oxygen production, while deposits of Pt, Rh and Ru lead to a decrease in the rate of oxygen formation. Unlike most of the artificial systems which have been described for the photo-oxidation of water with visible light, this system operates with an electron acceptor (Fe3+) which is part of a reversible redox couple (Fe3+/Fe2+).
Aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides using iron metal–organic frameworks as solid redox catalysts (2010)

Aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides has been carried out using iron metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid redox catalysts with very high yield and selectivity in acetonitrile under mild reaction conditions.
Visual rhetoric for online documents (1990)

Many well-written online documents fail because their visual design does not account for the many differences between the paper page and display screen, nor do they take advantage of the display power of the computer. The author provides guidelines for practitioners based on extensive research on computer display. It is concluded that the visual design of the online document should be crafted to match its use, ensuring displays that are scanned quickly and read reliably.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>