gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for improving the efficiency of myocardial perfusion imaging using conventional SPECT and SPECT/CT imaging systems (2010)

Siemens has developed a new IQ-SPECT™ product to improve the efficiency of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using conventional large-field-of-view SPECT and SPECT/CT systems. In this article we present the key technology components that enable this product to perform MPI in less than 5 minutes or at an equivalently lower dose. The enabling hardware is a specially designed variable-focus collimator for cardiac imaging. Images are acquired with the collimator mounted on a Symbia SPECT/CT system rotating about the patient in a cardio-centric orbit at a fixed radius of 28 cm. The acquired data are reconstructed using an iterative reconstruction technique employing the conjugate-gradient method with the Mighell chi-square objective function accounting for Poisson statistics. Each collimator is characterized by measuring the orientations of its holes to account for the deviations from design specifications that are introduced in the casting process. In addition, the 3D point-response function (PRF) is modeled from the autocorrelation of the hexagonal shapes of the collimator holes at the entrance and exit sides. This PRF is no longer just an approximate Gaussian but is more conical at the distances of interest. The system matrix accounts for the deflection of the heads as they rotate about the patient. The deflections were measured for a number of systems using an Optotrak™ optical fixture to obtain accurate 3D orbit information for each head. The reconstruction engine applies the flood-field uniformity corrections (instead of being applied to the raw data) and also estimates patient motion vectors from the distortion-corrected projection images. Attenuation compensation is applied using a patient-specific CT-derived mu map, and an energy-window-based estimate is used to correct for patient-induced scatter. Phantom and patient studies are presented to demonstrate the diagnostic quality of the images acquired using fast or low-dose protocols.
Health effects of shift work and extended hours of work (2001)

“Normal” hours of work are generally taken to mean a working day with hours left for recreation and rest. Rest is a night time activity, work a daytime activity. This review is concerned with those who work other schedules either on shifts or with extended hours which transcend the day-night work-sleep pattern. Such abnormal” working hours are not a modern phenomenon. Ramazzini (1633–1714) noted that bakers, innkeepers, and soldiers worked such hours. The advent of the industrial revolution led to many people working long hours until legislation was introduced to curtail the worst vicissitudes of the new factory based economy. ### SHIFT SCHEDULES Today, about one in five workers in Europe are employed on shift work involving night work and over one in 20 work extended hours . Shift systems involve periods of 6–12 hours work at a time with the shift crews alternating on two, three, or four shifts in any 24 hour period. The traditional three shifts start at 0600, 1400, and 2200 hours but there are many variations on this. Some workers only work on the two day shifts, some only nights, while others rotate through all three shifts with variable degrees of speed of rotation and direction of rotation. Extended hours of work is generally accepted to mean working more than 48 hours a week. This can occur on either day work or shift work due to either a high number of hours worked per day or a higher number of days worked per week.#### Box 1: Summary of EC Working Time Directive
MO Studies on Nicotine (I) (1978)

Configuration and conformation of nicotine and its protonated form have been studied by MO theoretically using EHT and CNDO/2 methods. The form with angle of rotation of pyrrolidine ring was shown to be most stable and this was interpreted in terms of conjugative, electrostatic and seric effects. It was predicted that protonation occurs on the nitrogen atom of pyridine ring and forms a -complex.
Mri Angiography Is Superior to Helical Ct for Detection of Hcc Prior to Liver Transplantation: An Explant Correlation (2003)

Helical computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to curative treatments but underestimate tumor extension in 30% to 50% of cases when compared with pathologic explants. This study compares a new technology, MRI angiography (MRA), with triphasic helical CT in detection of HCC. Fifty cirrhotic patients, 29 with HCC, undergoing liver transplantation were analyzed. MRA was performed with a 3-D breath-hold fast spoiled gradient-echo sequence by using an effective section thickness of 2 to 2.5 mm. The gold standard was the pathologic examination (liver cut into 5-mm slices). One hundred twenty-seven lesions were identified at the explant: 76 HCC, 13 high-grade dysplastic nodules, 31 macroregenerative nodules, 7 hemangiomas. Diameter of the main HCC nodules was 29 +/- 14 mm and 11 +/- 7 mm for the 47 additional nodules. On a per nodule basis, sensitivity of MRA was superior to CT (58/76 [76%] vs. 43/70 [61%], respectively, P =.001). Sensitivity of MRA for detection of additional nodules decreased with size (>20 mm: 6/6 [100%]; 10-20 mm: 16/19 [84%]; <10 mm: 7/22 [32%]) and was superior to CT for nodules 10 to 20 mm (84% vs. 47%, P =.016). Nonspecific hypervascular nodules >5 mm at MRA were HCC in two thirds of the cases. In conclusion, MRA has a high diagnostic accuracy for HCC > or =10 mm and is more sensitive than triphasic helical CT in nodules sized 10 to 20 mm. MRA is the optimal technique for HCC staging prior to curative therapies.
Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in man. (1993)

It is possible to measure endogenous pulmonary nitric oxide production in the exhaled air in man.
Drying of salt contaminated porous media: Effect of primary and secondary nucleation (2015)

The drying of porous media is of major importance for civil engineering, geophysics, petrophysics, and the conservation of stone artworks and buildings. More often than not, stones contain salts that can be mobilized by water (e.g., rain) and crystallize during drying. The drying speed is strongly influenced by the crystallization of the salts, but its dynamics remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the mechanisms of salt precipitation, specifically the primary or secondary nucleation, and the crystal growth are the key factors that determine the drying behaviour of salt contaminated porous materials and the physical weathering generated by salt crystallization. When the same amount of water is used to dissolve the salt present in a stone, depending on whether this is done by a rapid saturation with liquid water or by a slow saturation using water vapor, different evaporation kinetics and salt weathering due to different crystallization pathways are observed.
Identification and Analysis of Fields for Waterflood-Enhanced Recovery Efforts (2006)

Abstract Changing economic conditions allow for a new examination of mature and abandoned fields to identify oil that is now economically recoverable (reserves). In mature oil producing basins there are many inactive or limited stripper production fields, all potential waterflood candidates. We present a methodology of identifying such fields, quantifying the incremental waterflood production, and creating a field development plan. Production forecasts are generated in a timely and cost effective manner for development scenarios with Time Dynamic Volumetric Balancing methods. The field reviewed and used as an example is the Belcherville Field. It is a Caddo Conglomerate, located in Montague County, Texas, discovered in 1946. Developed in the 1950's, 9 wells produced 3 mmbo of primary production before being abandoned in 1967. Production was from the channel deposits of the Caddo formation that are draped over a gentle anticline. A comparative study of 7 other fields in the same trend indicates waterflooding can recover and additional 84% of primary recoverable oil.
The 1850 Webster/Parkman Trial: Dr. Keep's forensic evidence. (2003)

Shortly before two o'clock on a chilly November afternoon in 1849, the celebrated Harvard physician and surgeon, Dr. George Parkman, left his home on Boston's fashionable Beacon Hill, expecting to return in a few hours. He was never seen alive again. This account describes Parkman's brutal murder and explores the dynamics which preceded this crime. It explains how and why Dr. John White Webster, MD, Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Harvard University, killed Dr. Parkman and unsuccessfully attempted to destroy the physical evidence. Webster's subsequent trial, conviction and ultimate punishment are also detailed. The Parkman-Webster case remains one of the classic murders in the annals of American crime. Compelling dental evidence presented by the famous American dentist, Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep, directly led to the conviction of Dr. Webster. This graphic, ground-breaking case clearly established the viable role of forensic dentistry in legal criminal investigation.
Canberra air quality : Identifying the research needs (1993)

When compared with Australia's major urban and industrial centres such as Sydney and Melbourne, Canberra, and indeed the ACT, enjoys relatively low levels of emission of most air pollutants. The introduction of unleaded petrol and catalytic converter technology has contributed to the reduction of ambient lead levels and the concomitant reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from motor vehicles. Despite these positive comments concerning the air quality of the ACT, a number of problems remain which require urgent research if they are to be adequately understood and sucessfully managed.
Effects of Supplementary Feeding on Provisioning and Growth Rates of Nestling Puffins Fratercula arctica: Evidence for Regulation of Growth (1997)

M. I. Cook, K. C. Hamer, Effects of Supplementary Feeding on Provisioning and Growth Rates of Nestling Puffins Fratercula arctica: Evidence for Regulation of Growth, Journal of Avian Biology, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 56-62
Membrane IL-1: IL-1 <i>alpha</i> precursor binds to the plasma membrane via a lectin-like interaction. (1989)

Although biologically active IL-1 associated with plasma membrane has been demonstrated in both mouse and man, a biochemical mechanism for membrane anchoring has not been described. We have analyzed the nature of membrane IL-1 in stimulated murine macrophages. We show that it consists of an IL-1 alpha precursor bound to the plasma membrane via a lectin-like interaction that is specifically dissociated with D-mannose. The dissociated IL-1 was detected as both a biological activity and, by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE, as a 33 kDa IL-1 alpha precursor. Treatment of macrophages with D-mannose before fixation depleted detectable IL-1 biological activity associated with the membrane. Pro-IL-1 alpha was glycosylated in these cells, as shown by incorporation of D-[14C]mannose; thus it is likely that a cell surface lectin binds pro-IL-1 via these carbohydrate residues. In addition to anchoring IL-1 precursor to the plasma membrane, this lectin-like interaction may also be important in the overall regulation of IL-1 release.
Luminescence of Mn4 +  in the Distorted Perovskite Gd2MgTiO6 (1996)

The deep red luminescence of Mn 4+ in the distorted perovskite Gd 2 MgTiO 6 is reported and discussed. The excitation spectrum of Mn 4+ luminescence is dominated by the O 2- to Mn 4+ charge-transfer transition at ∼31,700 cm -1 . The luminescence is due to the 2 E → 4 A 2 transition with the zero-phonon line at ∼14,685 cm -1 and the associated side bands at longer wavelengths. Evidence is presented for the occurrence of multiple Mn 4+ sites in the host lattice. This is attributed to the deviation from a perfect 1 :1 order between the B-site ions (Mg 2+ /Ti 4+ ) of the perovskite lattice. The unactivated host lattice also exhibits Mn 4+ luminescence due to the presence of this ion as an impurity in one of the starting materials (TiO 2 ). Evidence is presented for Gd 3+ to Mn 4+ energy transfer in this host lattice.
<i>In situ</i> MoS<sub>2</sub> Decoration of Laser-Induced Graphene as Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes (2016)

Herein, we are reporting a rapid one-pot synthesis of MoS2-decorated laser-induced graphene (MoS2-LIG) by direct writing of polyimide foils. By covering the polymer surface with a layer of MoS2 dispersion before processing, it is possible to obtain an in situ decoration of a porous graphene network during laser writing. The resulting material is a three-dimensional arrangement of agglomerated and wrinkled graphene flakes decorated by MoS2 nanosheets with good electrical properties and high surface area, suitable to be employed as electrodes for supercapacitors, enabling both electric double-layer and pseudo-capacitance behaviors. A deep investigation of the material properties has been performed to understand the chemical and physical characteristics of the hybrid MoS2-graphene-like material. Symmetric supercapacitors have been assembled in planar configuration exploiting the polymeric electrolyte; the resulting performances of the here-proposed material allow the prediction of the enormous potentialities of these flexible energy-storage devices for industrial-scale production.
Spatio-textual spreadsheets (2009)

The spatio-textual spreadsheet is a conventional spreadsheet where spatial attribute values are specified textually. Techniques are presented to automatically find the textually-specified spatial attributes that are present in spreadsheets. Once the spatial attributes have been identified, an accurate translation of the values of the spatial attributes to their actual geographic locations is needed (known as geotagging). The key observation is that spreadsheets with spatial data exhibit spatial coherence --- that is, cells with spatial data that are nearby in the spreadsheet contain data that share spatial characteristics in the real world. These techniques also allow richer search engine results by returning actual tuples from spreadsheets instead of simply links to the spreadsheets. Moreover, when the search key is a particular location, results in proximity to the query can be provided rather than just exact matches.
Wake-up-frame scheme for ultra low power wireless transceivers (2005)

In wireless sensor networks and wireless personal area networks, power consumption is one of the most important design criteria for each small device. One of the biggest power consumers in such a device, the RF transceiver, should normally always be kept powered on for possible incoming packets; this is very power inefficient. The preamble sampling scheme was proposed to enable a receiver to sample the channel only periodically with a very low duty cycle by sending a long wake-up-preamble before the data frame; this dramatically reduces the power consumption of the receiver. The paper proposes to use a wake-up-frame instead of a wake-up-preamble to optimize further the preamble sampling scheme, achieving an additional battery lifetime gain in the order of tens to hundreds percent in different topologies and traffic loads.
Involvement of the three inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor (ITI) heavy chains in each member of the serum ITI family (1995)

Partial cDNAs coding for each of the three human inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor (ITI) heavy chains were expressed in a bacterial plasmid system and rabbits were immunised with the fusion peptides obtained. Despite the strong sequence homology of these chains, the antisera turned out to be highly specific in the analysis of corresponding mRNA translation products or partially digested serum ITI. Besides classical serum ITI members, their use in Western blotting made it possible to evidence an H3‐related ITI form and a low‐amount H1‐related HC/bikunin component. The relative levels of ITI family members was further studied in baboon and foetal calf sera.
<title>Infrared Spatial Interferometry: Present Status And Future Plans</title> (1979)

An infrared spatial interferometer has achieved an order-of-magnitude improvement in the angular resolution of ground-based telescopic observations at wavelengths from 2.2 to 20μm. Using incoherent detectors to measure fringe visibility versus baseline, this instrument has obtained an effective angular resolution of 0.1 arcsec at 10.2μm with a 3.2m baseline in 3 arcsec conditions of visual atmospheric "seeing". Observations are made at eight wavelengths to probe different levels of temperature and density in circumstellar envelopes. Twenty-three stars of various spectral types are partially resolved and upper limits placed on the sizes of 25 others. Three stars contain flattened, disk-shaped envelopes. At 10.2μm, objects as faint as zero magnitude have been measured. Significant improvements in sensitivity are expected using a composite diamond-germanium bolometer operating under low background conditions and cooled to 0.3K in a newly developed He<sup>3 </sup>cryostat. Angular resolution can be doubled using a ≥6.5m baseline provided by the Multiple Mirror Telescope. Plans to use the MMT as a multi-element spatial interferometer will be discussed.
An update on anti-allergic patents granted in China: 2009 – 2011 (2012)

The 151 anti-allergic patents granted from 2009 to 2011 mainly focus on seven types of products. They are: traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), plant extracts, biological products, synthetic compounds, pharmaceutical preparations, medical apparatus and new treatment modalities. Although the overall number of anti-allergic patent applications made between 2009 and 2011 in China is less than that of the USA and Europe, patents on TCM have increased. This suggests that there are demands for modernization of TCMs. Recently, studies of interesting new immunomodulators have also been conducted, and some of these are likely to represent clinically useful advances. In the last 3 years, several patents on these novel potential drugs have also been granted in China. The large number of anti-allergic patents issued in China, in recent times, suggests that the Chinese market is relatively competitive one that will help pharmaceutical companies make proper decisions for their research and development strategies.
Negative-index metamaterial at 780 nm wavelength (2006)

We further miniaturize a recently established silver-based negative-index metamaterial design. By comparing transmittance, reflectance, and phase-sensitive time-of-flight experiments with theory, we infer a real part of the refractive index of −0.6 at a 780 nm wavelength—which is visible in the laboratory.
Exciton delocalization and dynamics in helical π-stacks of self-assembled perylene bisimides (2012)

Whilst the excitonic properties of J-aggregates have been investigated in great detail, those of H-aggregates have not been systematically investigated yet. In this regard, we have explored the exciton dynamics and excited-species formation processes in columnar H-aggregates of planar PBI dyes that are stacked in a helical fashion by various spectroscopic techniques such as time correlated single-photon counting and femtosecond pump–probe measurements with anisotropy changes. The outcome of this study is that photogenerated excitons in helically stacked PBI dyes experience complicated relaxation processes that involve excited-state interactions such as exciton delocalization and excimer formation. To scrutinize the exciton dynamics in the helically stacked aggregates, we have also included distorted bay-substituted PBI dyes as reference molecules that exhibit either no or only relatively small-sized dimeric aggregate structures. The comparative study revealed that the excited-state interactions in the large-sized helically stacked aggregates extend beyond two PBI units, leading to a final excimer (here, excimer means not only an “excited dimer” but an “excited multimer”) trap state within ∼50 ps. Although in competition with this relaxation path into the excimeric trap state, exciton diffusion has been revealed by exciton–exciton annihilation processes, occurring at high excitation power. Whilst the excimer formation process interrupts the direct observation of exciton diffusion in these columnar PBI aggregates, the exciton migration distance could be estimated by the incorporation of non-fluorescent PBI quencher molecules. From this analysis we can conclude that the exciton diffusion can reach a length of about 10 monomer units. Although this value appears to be shorter than those values observed for J-aggregates, this result shows that columnar PBI stacks might still be useful for optoelectronic applications if the relaxation process leading to excimer traps is prevented, e.g. by structural modifications of the molecules.
High Temperature Stable High Electromechanical Coupling Substrates and Application for Surface Acoustic Wave Devices (2002)

In this paper, in order to improve the TCF the propagation characteristics of SiO 2 /Rotated Y-cut, X-propagating LiNbO 3 leaky SAW substrates with a large electromechanical coupling coefficient (k 2 ) and zero temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) are theoretically investigated. The results showed a large k 2 of leaky SAW over 0.2 (zero k 2 of Rayleigh mode), zero TCF and zero propagation attenuation in the case of metallized surface at thin film thickness of H/ u =0.15∼0.25(H: SiO 2 film thickness, u :SAW wave-length) were obtained. The experimental results agreeded to the theotetical ones.
Complexes [(P<sub>2</sub>)Rh(hfacac)](P<sub>2</sub>= bidentate chelating phosphane, hfacac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) as catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub>hydrogenation: correlations between solid state structures,<sup>103</sup>Rh NMR shifts and catalytic activities (1995)

Complexes [(P2)Rh(hfacac)]1a–h are the most effective catalyst precursors for catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid in organic solvents allowing turnover frequencies of up to 1335 h–1; 103Rh NMR shifts of these complexes in solution are mainly determined by the P–Rh–P angle as obtained from solid state structures and have predictive potential for the catalytic activity of structurally related phosphanes P2.
A 77 GHz SiGe mixer in an embedded wafer level BGA package (2008)

We present a fully operational 77 GHz SiGe mixer assembled in a chip-scale embedded wafer level BGA (eWLB) package. This innovative package has a footprint with a standard pad pitch of 0.5 mm and a standard package height of 0.4 mm. The results demonstrate an excellent potential of the eWLB package concept for mm-wave applications. The measured gain of the packaged mixer is in best case only 1 dB smaller than measured on-wafer. Further, we analyze the transition from the printed circuit board (PCB) to the chip in package. We compare the results of our analysis with the measured performance of the packaged mixers. We achieve a good agreement between simulations and measurements. Finally, we discuss the methods for improving the electrical performance of the packages assembled on the PCB.