gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal gastric morphology and function in CCK-B/gastrin receptor-deficient mice. (1999)

Mice lacking the cholecystokinin (CCK)-B/gastrin receptor have been generated by targeted gene disruption. The roles of this receptor in controlling gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal growth have been assessed. The analysis of homozygous mutant mice vs. wild type included measurement of basal gastric pH, plasma gastrin concentrations as well as quantification of gastric mucosal cell types by immunohistochemistry. Mutant mice exhibited a marked increase in basal gastric pH (from 3.2 to 5.2) and about a 10-fold elevation in circulating carboxyamidated gastrin compared with wild-type controls. Histologic analysis revealed a decrease in both parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, thus explaining the reduction in acid output. Consistent with the elevation in circulating gastrin, antral gastrin cells were increased in number while somatostatin cells were decreased. These data support the importance of the CCK-B/gastrin receptor in maintaining the normal cellular composition and function of the gastric mucosa.
Construction of a metastasis-associated gene subtracted cDNA library of human colorectal carcinoma by suppression subtraction hybridization (2004)

A subtractive cDNA library of differentially expressed genes specific for metastasis of CRC can be constructed with SSH and T/A cloning techniques.
Arginase Activity Is Increased by Thrombin: A Mechanism for Endothelial Dysfunction in Arterial Thrombosis (2006)

Endothelial cells exposed to thrombin have increased arginase enzymatic activity, and the remainder of NO generation capability is unaffected. L-arginine supplementation or arginase blockade may counteract endothelial dysfunction in the setting of acute arterial thrombosis.
Synthesis of Functionalized Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds via a Formal [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition (2014)

A base-promoted formal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of 2-acyl-2'-vinyl-1,1'-biaryls was developed to provide polycyclic cyclobutanols as a step toward the synthesis of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their heterocyclic analogues.
Matlab-Simulink model of solid-state transformer realized with matrix converters (2014)

A three-phase to three-phase solid-state transformer (SST) is considered in the present paper. The SST realization is based on a matrix converter of three-phase line voltage to one-phase high-frequency voltage. A high-frequency single-phase transformer is used with center tapped secondary winding for galvanic isolation and for obtaining a high transformation coefficient. The converter in the secondary winding of the transformer operates in a mode of high-frequency rectifier, which modulates the rectified voltage according to sinusoidal law with the line frequency. The algorithm of operation is verified using simulation using the program Matlab-Simulink. The simulation results are presented in the paper.
Linear and Nonlinear Procedures for Flicker Reduction (1987)

Disturbances related to all TV standards (PAL, NTSC, SECAM) have, through necessity, long been considered acceptable properties of the systems. The main effects are large area flicker, edge flicker, and interline flicker. These defects are caused by a low number of lines, a too low field frequency, and the renunciation of vertical and temporal prefiltering in camera and postfiltering in display. At the camera end, alias components could be avoided by using a higher number of lines followed by vertical filtering. In time direction the problem could be solved with a higher field frequency and temporal filters. At the display end, harmonics are present in the form of line structure and flicker effects. These harmonics could be suppressed by a high definition monitor with double field frequency and two-dimensional filtering.
Modifications on the axial-mode helical antenna (1967)

Means of reducing undesired modes on axial-mode helical anteanas are presented. Using tapered feeds and tapered terminations, the radiation properties and impedance behavior of helical antennas may be substantially improved.
Dense Object Nets: Learning Dense Visual Object Descriptors By and For Robotic Manipulation (2018)

What is the right object representation for manipulation? We would like robots to visually perceive scenes and learn an understanding of the objects in them that (i) is task-agnostic and can be used as a building block for a variety of manipulation tasks, (ii) is generally applicable to both rigid and non-rigid objects, (iii) takes advantage of the strong priors provided by 3D vision, and (iv) is entirely learned from self-supervision. This is hard to achieve with previous methods: much recent work in grasping does not extend to grasping specific objects or other tasks, whereas task-specific learning may require many trials to generalize well across object configurations or other tasks. In this paper we present Dense Object Nets, which build on recent developments in self-supervised dense descriptor learning, as a consistent object representation for visual understanding and manipulation. We demonstrate they can be trained quickly (approximately 20 minutes) for a wide variety of previously unseen and potentially non-rigid objects. We additionally present novel contributions to enable multi-object descriptor learning, and show that by modifying our training procedure, we can either acquire descriptors which generalize across classes of objects, or descriptors that are distinct for each object instance. Finally, we demonstrate the novel application of learned dense descriptors to robotic manipulation. We demonstrate grasping of specific points on an object across potentially deformed object configurations, and demonstrate using class general descriptors to transfer specific grasps across objects in a class.
Performance Analysis of FSK Power Line Communications Systems Over the Time-Varying Channels: Measurements and Modeling (2004)

Power line communication (PLC) is a communications method where signals are carried across already existing power lines, rather than through other mediums such as optical fibers or radio waves. PLC has been a very important interdiscipline topic for power, communications, industrial, and automation engineers and researchers since the 1980s. Designing and planning optimized or standard PLC systems require information and data regarding signal attenuations, load variations, and communication performance for various locations of the world which have different power networks. In this study, PLC system is modeled by ABCD matrix and simulated via electronics workbench. In order to obtain data from Turkey's power lines, signal measurements at the frequencies of 50-200 kHz are carried out. The effects of load, frequency, line length, and the distribution transformers are examined. The properties of home appliances used in an average Turkish household are experimentally determined. System performance in terms of the bit error probability are calculated for FSK modulation.
Multisensory embedded pose estimation (2011)

We present a multisensory method for estimating the transformation of a mobile phone between two images taken from its camera. Pose estimation is a necessary step for applications such as 3D reconstruction and panorama construction, but detecting and matching robust features can be computationally expensive. In this paper we propose a method for combining the inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) of a mobile phone with its camera to provide a fast and accurate pose estimation. We use the inertial based pose to warp two images into the same perspective frame. We then employ an adaptive FAST feature detector and image patches, normalized with respect to illumination, as feature descriptors. After the warping the images are approximately aligned with each other so the search for matching key-points also becomes faster and in certain cases more reliable. Our results show that by incorporating the inertial sensors we can considerably speed up the process of detecting and matching key-points between two images, which is the most time consuming step of the pose estimation.
[Investigations on live vaccine against pig salmonellosis]. (1975)

The purpose of the work was to determine pathogenic properties for guinea-pigs of of S. choleraesuis-Ivanovice (the attenuated strain used for the production of live vaccine) and S. choleraesuis no. 964 (the virulent strain used for infection of pigs under experimental conditions). The effectiveness and safety of the live vaccine prepared from the Ivanovice strain was also tested in pigs under laboratory and field conditions. The results of the experiments showed that both strains can be differentiated by subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal inoculations of guinea-pigs. This finding is especially important for the routine state control of the vaccine, containing the Ivanovice strain. Field and laboratory experiments showed that the vaccine is effective and safe for pigs kept in fattening centres. Salmonellae contained in the vaccine were not excreted in faeces of vaccinated pigs. The serum agglutination titre ranged from 256 to 1024, 14 days after vaccination. No salmonellae were found in internal organs, lymph nodes and bone marrow 1-6 months after vaccination. The vaccinated pigs were fully protected against infection with the virulent S. choleraesuis strain under laboratory conditions. The immunity lasted 4 months. Most vaccinated pigs shed salomonellae in faeces for 10 days after infection, but later no shedding was observed. No salmonellae were isolated from internal organs of immunized pigs 2 months after infection, except in 1 out of 12 pigs tested, in which salmonellae were found in the caecum.
Strategies of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for coping with nutrient and oxygen fluctuations (2006)

In most natural environments as well as in engineered environments, such as wastewater treatment plants, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) experience fluctuating substrate concentrations. Several physiological traits, such as low maintenance energy demand and decay rate, cell-to-cell communication, cell mobility, stable enzymes and RNAs, could allow AOB to maintain themselves under unfavourable circumstances. This review examines whether AOB possess such traits and how these traits might offer advantages over competing organisms such as heterotrophic bacteria during periods of starvation. In addition, within the AOB groups, differences exist in adaptation to and competitiveness under conditions of high or low ammonia or oxygen concentrations. Because these findings are of importance with regard to the ecology and activity of AOB in natural and engineered environments, concluding remarks are directed towards future research objectives that may clarify unanswered questions, thereby contributing to the general knowledge of the ecology and activity of ammonia oxidizers.
Expression of toll-like receptor 2, NOD2 and dectin-1 and stimulatory effects of their ligands and histamine in normal human keratinocytes (2009)

Our study demonstrated that the expression of functional innate immune receptors is augmented by the pathogen-associated molecules in a ligand-feed forward or nonrelated manner in keratinocytes, and histamine promotes their expression and the resultant production of cytokines and defensins.
Optimally integrated adaptive learning (1993)

A new self-organized learning algorithm is proposed that is well suited for the problem of image compression. The network consists of a number of modules corresponding to different classes of input data. Each module consists of an orthonormal linear transformation whose weights are calculated during an initial training period. As the network is trained, each input signal x is classified according to a competitive learning scheme based on the maximum norm of the signal's projection under the class transformation. The classification is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the square error. The class transformation weights are updated according to a Hebbian learning rule which converges to the optimal Karhunen-Loeve transformation (KLT) for each class. The performance of the resulting adaptive network is shown to be superior to that of the optimal non-adaptive linear transformation.< <ETX>></ETX>
A Chromosomal Memory Triggered by Xist Regulates Histone Methylation in X Inactivation (2004)

We have elucidated the kinetics of histone methylation during X inactivation using an inducible Xist expression system in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Previous reports showed that the ability of Xist to trigger silencing is restricted to an early window in ES cell differentiation. Here we show that this window is also important for establishing methylation patterns on the potential inactive X chromosome. By immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments we show that histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27m3) and H4 lysine 20 monomethylation (H4K20m1) are associated with Xist expression in undifferentiated ES cells and mark the initiation of X inactivation. Both marks depend on Xist RNA localisation but are independent of silencing. Induction of Xist expression after the initiation window leads to a markedly reduced ability to induce H3K27m3, whereas expression before the restrictive time point allows efficient H3K27m3 establishment. Our data show that Xist expression early in ES cell differentiation establishes a chromosomal memory, which is maintained in the absence of silencing. One consequence of this memory is the ability to introduce H3K27m3 efficiently after the restrictive time point on the chromosome that has expressed Xist early. Our results suggest that this silencing-independent chromosomal memory has important implications for the maintenance of X inactivation, where previously self-perpetuating heterochromatin structures were viewed as the principal form of memory.
Expression, secretion and processing of hirudin in <i>E. coli</i> using the alkaline phosphatase signal sequence (1986)

A DNA fragment coding for the E. coli phoA signal peptide was synthesized and inserted into the expression vector pKK223-3. A single HindIII restriction site is located just at the end of the signal sequence. A gene coding for the proteinase inhibitor hirudin, which has previously been synthesized, was inserted into this HindIII site. The hybrid protein was expressed under control of the tac-promoter and secreted into the periplasm of E. coli. From the periplasmic fraction two processed proteins were isolated. One of these was identical with desulfatohirudin and also had similar biological properties.
MAP 4: a microtubule-associated protein specific for a subset of tissue microtubules. (1984)

The cytological distribution of microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP 4) (L. M. Parysek, C. F. Asnes, J. B. Olmsted, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:1309-1315) in mouse tissues has been examined. Adjacent 0.5-0.9-micron sections of polyethylene glycol-embedded tissues were incubated with affinity-purified MAP 4 or tubulin antibodies, and the immunofluorescent images were compared. Tubulin antibody labeling showed distinct microtubules in all tissues examined. MAP 4 antibody also labeled microtubule-like patterns, but the extent of MAP 4 reactivity was cell type-specific within each tissue. MAP 4 antibody labeled microtubules in vascular elements of all tissues and in other cells considered to have supportive functions, including Sertoli cells in the testis and glial elements in the nervous system. Microtubule patterns were also observed in cardiac, smooth, and skeletal (eye) muscle, podocytes in kidney, Kuppfer cells in liver, and spermatid manchettes. The only MAP 4-positive cells in which the pattern was not microtubule-like were the principal cells of the collecting ducts in kidney cortex, in which diffuse fluorescence was seen. MAP 4 antibody did not react with microtubule-rich neuronal elements of the central and peripheral nervous system, skeletal muscle from anterior thigh, liver parenchymal cells, columnar epithelial cells of the small intestine, and absorptive cells of the tubular component of the nephron. These observations indicate that MAP 4 may be associated with only certain kinds of cell functions as demonstrated by the preferential distribution with microtubules of defined cell types.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes with Arylboronic Acids:  1,4-Shift of Rhodium from 2-Aryl-1-alkenylrhodium to 2-Alkenylarylrhodium Intermediate (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRhodium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes with Arylboronic Acids: 1,4-Shift of Rhodium from 2-Aryl-1-alkenylrhodium to 2-Alkenylarylrhodium IntermediateTamio Hayashi, Kazuya Inoue, Nobukazu Taniguchi, and Masamichi OgasawaraView Author Information Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 40, 9918–9919Publication Date (Web):September 18, 2001Publication History Received29 June 2001Published online18 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0165234https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0165234rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6602Altmetric-Citations316LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Arylation,Hydrocarbons,Hydrolysis,Phenyls,Rhodium Get e-Alerts
Improved Microstrip Filters Using PMC Packaging by Lid of Nails (2012)

This paper shows that microstrip filters perform like textbook examples when packaged with perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). A PMC is made as a pin surface or lid of nails, and this is used to package a microstrip parallel coupled line bandpass filter. Our measurements confirm that parallel plate, cavity modes, and radiation are suppressed. This paper also includes a study of the reasons for a frequency shift between the ideal PMC packaged case and the realized case.
Particle Size Determination of Colloidal Systems by the Supercentrifuge. (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle Size Determination of Colloidal Systems by the Supercentrifuge.E. A. Hauser and H. K. SchachmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1940, 44, 5, 584–591Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/j150401a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (397 KB) Get e-Alerts
Computing motion using analog and binary resistive networks (1988)

The authors describe recent developments in the theory of early vision that led from the formulation of the motion problem as an ill-posed one to its solution by minimizing certain 'cost' functions. These cost or energy functions can be mapped onto simple analog and digital resistive networks. The optical flow is computed by injecting currents into resistive networks and recording the resulting stationary voltage distribution at each node. The authors believe that these networks, which they implemented in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, represent plausible candidates for biological vision systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Loss of Integrin α1β1 Ameliorates Kras-Induced Lung Cancer (2008)

The collagen IV binding receptor integrin alpha1beta1 has been shown to regulate lung cancer due to its proangiogenic properties; however, it is unclear whether this receptor also plays a direct role in promoting primary lung tumors. To investigate this possibility, integrin alpha1-null mice were crossed with KrasLA2 mice that carry an oncogenic mutation of the Kras gene (G12D) and develop spontaneous primary tumors with features of non-small cell lung cancer. We provide evidence that KrasLA2/alpha1-null mice have a decreased incidence of primary lung tumors and longer survival compared with KrasLA2/alpha1 wild-type controls. Tumors from KrasLA2/alpha1-null mice were also smaller, less vascularized, and exhibited reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, as determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end staining, respectively. Moreover, tumors from the KrasLA2/alpha1-null mice showed diminished extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Primary lung tumor epithelial cells isolated from KrasLA2/alpha1-null mice showed a significant decrease in anchorage-independent colony formation, collagen-mediated cell proliferation, ERK activation, and, most importantly, tumorigenicity when injected into nude mice compared with KrasLA2/alpha1 wild-type tumor cells. These results indicate that loss of the integrin alpha1 subunit decreases the incidence and growth of lung epithelial tumors initiated by oncogenic Kras, suggesting that both Kras and integrin alpha1beta1 cooperate to drive the growth of non-small cell lung cancer in vivo.