gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-power filtering via adaptive error-cancellation (2003)

A low-power technique for digital filtering referred to as adaptive error-cancellation (AEC) is presented in this paper. The AEC technique falls under the general class of algorithmic noise-tolerance (ANT) techniques proposed earlier for combating transient/soft errors. The proposed AEC technique exploits the correlation between the input and soft errors to estimate and cancel out the latter. In this paper, we apply AEC along with voltage overscaling (VOS), where the voltage is scaled beyond the minimum (referred to as V/sub dd-crit/) necessary for correct operation. We employ the AEC technique in the context of a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) communication system and demonstrate that up to 71% energy reduction can be achieved over present-day voltage-scaled systems.
Nucleases of Mycoplasma (1964)

SUMMARY: Nuclease activity was observed in several saprophytic and parasitic Mycoplasma organisms; the nucleases of Mycoplasma laidlawii were studied in detail. Nuclease activity of this organism was highest at the early logarithmic phase of growth, and was found mainly in the soluble fraction of the organisms. Anion-exchange chromatography of the proteins of the soluble fraction separated ribonuclease from deoxyribonuclease activity. Each enzyme had an alkaline pH optimum, required magnesium ions for activity, and degraded native and heat-denatured nucleic acids. M. laidlawii RNase degraded RNA-core. RNA inhibited the degradation of DNA by M. laidlawii deoxyribonuclease. The implications of these findings with respect to the effects of RNA and DNA on growth of M. laidlawii are discussed.
Type VIII collagen has a restricted distribution in specialized extracellular matrices. (1988)

A pepsin-resistant triple helical domain (chain 50,000 Mr) of type VIII collagen was isolated from bovine corneal Descemet's membrane and used as an immunogen for the production of mAbs. An antibody was selected for biochemical and tissue immunofluorescence studies which reacted both with Descemet's membrane and with type VIII collagen 50,000-Mr polypeptides by competition ELISA and immunoblotting. This antibody exhibited no crossreactivity with collagen types I-VI by competition ELISA. The mAb specifically precipitated a high molecular mass component of type VIII collagen (EC2, of chain 125,000 Mr) from the culture medium of subconfluent bovine corneal endothelial cells metabolically labeled for 24 h. In contrast, confluent cells in the presence of FCS and isotope for 7 d secreted a collagenous component of chain 60,000 Mr that did not react with the anti-type VIII collagen IgG. Type VIII collagen therefore appears to be synthesized as a discontinuous triple helical molecule with a predominant chain 125,000 Mr by subconfluent, proliferating cells in culture. Immunofluorescence studies with the mAb showed that type VIII collagen was deposited as fibrils in the extracellular matrix of corneal endothelial cells. In the fetal calf, type VIII collagen was absent from basement membranes and was found in a limited number of tissues. In addition to the linear staining pattern observed in the Descemet's membrane, type VIII collagen was found in highly fibrillar arrays in the ocular sclera, in the meninges surrounding brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve, and in periosteum and perichondrium. Fine fibrils were evident in the white matter of spinal cord, whereas a more generalized staining was apparent in the matrices of cartilage and bone. Despite attempts to unmask the epitope, type VIII collagen was not found in aorta, kidney, lung, liver, skin, and ligament. We conclude that this unusual collagen is a component of certain specialized extracellular matrices, several of which are derived from the neural crest.
Action of Ribonuclease T1 on 30 <i>S</i> Ribosomes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Its Role in Sequence Studies on 16 <i>S</i> Ribonucleic Acid (1973)

Two large ribonucleic acid (RNA) fragments have been obtained from T1-RNase-treated 30S ribosomes of Escherichia coli. One fragment, about 475 nucleotides long, contains all the unique oligonucleotides found by Fellner and associates in sections of 16S RNA designated P, E, E', and K, and one-half the large oligonucleotides of section A. The other large fragment is about 300 nucleotides long and contains the oligonucleotides found in sections C, C', C''. The isolation of these large fragments seems to confirm the arrangement of sections within 16S RNA. There are also recovered from nuclease-treated ribosomes three small fragments, one (120 nucleotides long) from the 5' end, one (26 nucleotides long) from the 3' OH end of the chain, and another section (66 nucleotides long) from the middle of the 16S RNA chain. Small molecular weight material is also generated by nuclease treatment, and about half this material is derived from a region close to the 3' OH end of the 16S RNA chain. This indicates that the most accessible part of the rRNA of E. coli 30S ribosomes is a region 100 to 150 nucleotides long near the 3' end of the chain. A general scheme is proposed to explain the generation of the various-sized RNA products from the rRNA of the 30S ribosome.
PRECISION FARMING APPLICATIONS IN FLORIDA CITRUS (1999)

A cooperative effort between researchers, manufacturers, and growers has been investigating precisionfarming applications in Florida citrus. Citrus yields, based on the location of volume-based containers, were mappedusing a conventional fruit-loading truck, manual harvesters (> 99% of Florida citrus is manually harvested), andGIS/GPS components. These maps were overlaid on geo-referenced aerial photographs of the tree canopies. Two fruitweighing systems were mounted on a fruit-loading truck and integrated with the GIS/GPS components to investigatemapping weight-based yields. Results to date indicate the truck-mounted weighing systems were within 1 to 6% ofcertified scale weights on 20 t loads of fruit. Electronically recording harvester identity is being integrated with yieldmapping to make the entire system more reliable and attractive to harvesters and growers.
The Mn3+/2+ acceptor level in group III nitrides (2002)

Molecular-beam-epitaxy grown GaN:Mn and AlN:Mn layers with Mn concentrations around 1020 cm−3 were investigated by optical absorption and photoconductivity measurements. From electron spin resonance Mn is known to be mostly present in the neutral acceptor state in GaN without codoping. This leads to a reassignment of the optical absorption features to a charge transfer from the neutral Mn3+ oxidation state, either by direct photoionization at 1.8 eV or through a photothermal ionization process via an excited state at 1.42 eV above the Mn3+ ground state by spin-allowed Mn3+ 5E→5T internal absorption. The position of the Mn3+/2+ acceptor level at 1.8 eV above the valence-band edge of GaN makes the realization of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism rather unlikely in GaN:Mn.
INKJET PRINTED PAPER SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY DEVICES FOR TRACE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (2013)

The needs of an ever growing human population are fueling demands for better and cheaper sensors for the early detection of harmful chemicals, pathogens and diseases markers from a variety of sources such as food, water, bodily fluids and contaminated surfaces. To address this, recent innovations utilize Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology to integrate multiple laboratory functions onto millimeter-sized chips to form Micro Total Analysis Systems (µTAS) or Lab-on-chip (LOC) devices. While sophisticated and powerful, the use of these devices for chemical and biological sensing is limited by complicated fabrication processes, high cost and robustness of the sensors. In this work we have developed a simple and inexpensive but exceptionally sensitive portable chemical and biological sensing platform through the innovative use of paper combined with Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Paper is functionalized with plasmonic nanostructures to transform it into a SERS substrate, while the natural properties of paper are leveraged for sample collection, cleanup, and analyte concentration in user-friendly formats such as wipes, dipsticks, and filters. The use of simple deposition methods such as inkjet printing for sensor fabrication combined with paper as the construction material means that sensors can be made at a very low cost. Additionally, the ability to be printed on demand eliminates issues with sensor shelf-life, while the absence of mechanical components makes these paper sensors much more robust than conventional sensors. In this work, practical applications of paper SERS sensors for the detection of food contaminants, narcotics, pesticides and other chemicals at trace levels are presented. Paper SERS sensors, by virtue of their low cost, simplicity of fabrication, high sensitivity and ease of use, promises to make chemical and biological sensing more accessible to the common user.
Curvelet-Based Texture Classification of Tissues in Computed Tomography (2006)

The research presented in this article is aimed at the development of an automated imaging system for classification of tissues in medical images obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans. The article focuses on using curvelet-based multi-resolution texture analysis. The approach consists of two steps: automatic extraction of the most discriminative texture features of regions of interest and creation of a classifier that automatically identifies the various tissues. The discriminating power of several curvelet-based texture descriptors are investigated. Tests indicate that energy, entropy, mean and standard deviation signatures are the most effective descriptors for curvelets, yielding accuracy rates in the 97-98% range. A comparison with a similar algorithm based on wavelet and ridgelet texture descriptors clearly shows that using curvelet-based texture features significantly improves the classification of normal tissues in CT scans.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor: Pharmacokinetics and acute‐phase response in rat (1994)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) supports the survival of motoneurons in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant CNTF is an investigational drug for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We determined the pharmacokinetics of radioiodinated CNTF after intravenous injection into rats. CNTF shows a biphasic clearance with an initial plasma half-life of 2.9 minutes and is removed from the circulation by the liver. No accumulation of radioactivity was detectable in nerve tissue or skeletal muscle after intravenous injection of 0.1 microgram and 0.5 microgram of CNTF. Radioactive degradation products accumulate in the skin. Liver cells express specific binding proteins for CNTF, and the incorporation and degradation of intravenously injected CNTF by the liver may occur after association of CNTF with the soluble CNTF receptor alpha in the circulation. Probably as a consequence of its binding to hepatocytes, CNTF induces acute-phase responses in liver. The short half-life and the inflammatory side effect may limit the clinical usefulness of systematically administered CNTF in the treatment of human motoneuron disorders.
Sapa: A Scalable Multi-objective Heuristic Metric Temporal Planner (2002)

In this research paper, we discuss Sapa, a domain-independent heuristic forward chaining planner that can handle durative actions, metric resource constraints, and deadline goals.
Activation of the ATM-Snail pathway promotes breast cancer metastasis (2012)

The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for the maintenance of genetic stability and serves as an anti-cancer barrier during early tumorigenesis. However, the role of the DDR in tumor progression and metastasis is less known. Here, we demonstrate that the ATM kinase, one of the critical DDR elements, is hyperactive in late stage breast tumor tissues with lymph-node metastasis and this hyperactivity correlates with elevated expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker, Snail. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that ATM regulates Snail stabilization by phosphorylation on Serine-100. Using mass spectrometry, we identified HSP90 as a critical binding protein of Snail in response to DNA damage. HSP90 binds to and stabilizes phosphorylated Snail. We further provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that activation of ATM-mediated Snail phosphorylation promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. Finally, we demonstrate that Snail Serine-100 phosphorylation is elevated in breast cancer tissues with lymph-node metastasis, indicating clinical significance of the ATM-Snail pathway. Together, our findings provide strong evidence that the ATM-Snail pathway promotes tumor metastasis, highlighting a previously undescribed role of the DDR in tumor invasion and metastasis.
Heavy chain diseases. (1972)

Heavy chain diseases (HCD) are immunoproliferative disorders characterized by the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin molecules composed of deleted heavy chains devoid of light chains. The diagnosis is established by immunoelectrophoresis (possibly combined to immunoselection) or immunofixation. The clinicopathologic features of gamma HCD are heterogenous, often somewhat similar to macroglobulinemia. Some patients show no evidence of underlying malignant lymphoproliferation. Autoimmune disorders are frequent. mu HCD is rare and often presents as chronic lymphocytic leukemia with hepatosplenomegaly and vacuolated plasma cells on bone marrow smears. Alpha chain disease is the most frequent. In its usual digestive form, the clinicopathologic pattern is uniform. The main clinical features are chronic diarrhea and severe malabsorption syndrome. At the initial stage, there is a diffuse lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the small intestine and mesenteric nodes, sometimes reversible after treatment by antibiotics alone. At the terminal stage, a malignant lymphoma, often of immunoblastic type, occurs. The natural history and epidemiology of alpha HCD should provide insights into the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoid proliferations.
HFH: Homologically Functional Hashing for Compressing Deep Neural Networks (2017)

As the complexity of deep neural networks (DNNs) trends to grow to absorb the increasing sizes of data, memory and energy consumption has been receiving more and more attentions for industrial applications, especially on mobile devices. This paper presents a novel structure based on homologically functional hashing to compress DNNs, shortly named as HFH. For each weight entry in a deep net, HFH uses multiple low-cost hash functions to fetch values in a compression space, and then employs a small reconstruction network to recover that entry. The compression space is homological because all layers fetch hashed values from it. The reconstruction network is plugged into the whole network and trained jointly. On several benchmark datasets, HFH demonstrates high compression ratios with little loss on prediction accuracy. Particularly, HFH includes the recently proposed HashedNets as a degenerated scenario and shows significantly improved performance. Moreover, the homological hashing essence facilitates us to efficiently figure out one single desired compression ratio, instead of exhaustive searching throughout a combinatory space configured by all layers.
Initiation and perpetuation of <scp>NLRP</scp>3 inflammasome activation and assembly (2015)

The NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that orchestrates innate immune responses to infection and cell stress through activation of caspase-1 and maturation of inflammatory cytokines pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and pro-IL-18. Activation of the inflammasome during infection can be protective, but unregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to non-pathogenic endogenous or exogenous stimuli can lead to unintended pathology. NLRP3 associates with mitochondria and mitochondrial molecules, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to diverse stimuli requires cation flux, mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. It remains uncertain whether NLRP3 surveys mitochondrial integrity and senses mitochondrial damage, or whether mitochondria simply serve as a physical platform for inflammasome assembly. The structure of the active, caspase-1-processing NLRP3 inflammasome also requires further clarification, but recent studies describing the prion-like properties of ASC have advanced the understanding of how inflammasome assembly and caspase-1 activation occur while raising new questions regarding the propagation and resolution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the mechanisms and pathways regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, discuss emerging concepts in NLRP3 complex organization, and expose the knowledge gaps hindering a comprehensive understanding of NLRP3 activation.
Research on E-business intelligent examination system (2009)

Abstract:- Commonly, the traditional E-business education and training adopts two ways: the theoretics teaching in classroom and the computer-based application operation in E-business simulation environment which is like an E-business web site (but not same as). But it is difficult to check students ’ ability of E-business application operation. In this paper, we will discuss an intelligent examination system that is for checking the examinee’s ability of E-business application operation. This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent examination system for checking the E-business application operation capable of the examinees. It proposes a novel architecture for on-line examination system which is based on E-business workflow. That system adopts the common client-server pattern with two major parts, Student site and Teacher site. The Student site provides examinee a GUI (Graphics User Interface) embedded a WWW browser for answering the paper. The Teacher site mainly includes paper management subsystem for managing paper database, a building paper subsystem for building a new paper, and a scoring paper subsystem for scoring the paper of the examinees. In this paper, we also analyze and discuss the system architecture, the system simulation environment, some key questions and the corresponding solutions. Key-Words:- intelligence, intelligent examination system, E-business application operation, workflow, E-business simulation environment
Ferricyanide Reduction by <i>Escherichia </i><i>c</i><i>oli</i>:  Kinetics, Mechanism, and Application to the Optimization of Recombinant Fermentations (2000)

Ferricyanide reduction was studied by flow injection analysis (FIA) and chronoamperometry (CA) using two host strains and one recombinant strain of E. coli. Samples taken from batch cultures of E. coli JM105 and HB101 showed maximal specific ferricyanide reduction rates in the late exponential phase of growth, with values (micromol/min x g) of 24 (FIA) and 17 (CA) for JM105, and 36 (FIA) for HB101, when shake-flask cultures were sampled, and 70 for HB101, when a chemostat was used to control pH and dissolved oxygen concentration throughout the cultivation. Remarkably higher ferricyanide reduction rates were obtained with HB101 cells cultivated continuously at very slow growth rate, when chilled, resuspended cell samples were incubated for 5 min in solutions containing 10 mM succinate or formate. These compounds are substrates for primary, membrane-bound dehydrogenases that transfer electrons via ubiquinone to the cytochrome oxidase complexes. Apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed with respect to ferricyanide concentration when 10 mM succinate was included in the assay buffer; apparent Km values of 10.1+/-0.6 mM and 14.4+/-1.2 mM ferricyanide were obtained for exponential- and stationary-phase E. coli JM105, respectively. Cyanide inhibition studies show that ferricyanide is reduced mainly by cytochrome o oxidase in exponentially growing cells. The large difference in ferricyanide reduction rates observed in the absence and presence of succinate and formate were used to signal stationary-phase entry 5 h after induction of recombinant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase expression in a batch fermentation of E. coli HMS174(DE3)(pET3ahSOD). This new method can be used as an adjunct to the quantitation of medium components for the optimization of recombinant fermentations.
Advanced digital image analysis method dedicated to the characterization of the morphology of filamentous fungus (2017)

Filamentous fungi have a complex morphology that induces fermentation process development issues, as a consequence of viscosity increase and diffusion limitations. In order to better understand the relationship between viscosity changes and fungus morphology during fermentations of Trichoderma reesei, an accurate image analysis method has been developed to provide quantitative and representative data for morphological analysis. This method consisted of a new algorithm called FACE that allowed sharp images to be created at all positions, segmentation of fungus, and morphological analysis using skeleton and topological approaches. It was applied and validated by characterizing samples of an industrial strain of Trichoderma reesei that had or had not been exposed to an extreme shear stress. This method allowed many morphological characteristics to be identified, among which nine relevant criteria were extracted, regarding the impact of shear stress on the fungus and on the viscosity of the fermentation medium.
Salts of maleic and fumaric acids with organic polyamines: comparison of isomeric acids as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry (2003)

Maleic acid and fumaric acid both readily form adducts with organic diamines: maleic acid usually forms 2:1 adducts with bases, while fumaric acid usually forms 1:1 adducts, and the supramolecular structures within the two series are not simply related. The 1:2 adducts formed by 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane and by 4,4'-bipyridyl, respectively, with maleic acid, compounds (1) and (2), are salts [(diamine)H(2)(2+)].[(C(4)H(3)O(4))(-)](2) in which the cations lie across a centre of inversion and a twofold rotation axis, respectively. The ions are linked by N-H...O hydrogen bonds into three-ion aggregates, which are further linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds into two- and three-dimensional arrays, respectively. In the fumarate salts formed by 2,2'-dipyridylamine (1:1) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (1:2), compounds (3) and (4), the ionic components are linked into molecular ladders. The 1:1 adduct of 4,4'-bipyridyl and fumaric acid, compound (5), contains two neutral components, both of which lie across centres of inversion; these components are linked into chains by a single O-H...N hydrogen bond and thence into sheets by C-H...O hydrogen bonds. The corresponding adduct formed by 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, compound (6), is a salt that again contains chains linked into sheets by C-H...O hydrogen bonds. In the 1:1 adducts, compounds (7), (8) and (10), that are formed between 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridine and hexamethylenetetramine, respectively, with fumaric acid, and in the 1:2 adduct, compound (9), of 2,2'-dipyridylamine and maleic acid, the chains that are generated by the hard hydrogen bonds are linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds to form, in each case, a single three-dimensional framework. In the 1:1 adduct, compound (11), of 2,2'-bipyridyl and fumaric acid the hydrogen bonds generate two interwoven three-dimensional frameworks.