gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synaptically Driven Calcium Transients via Nicotinic Receptors on Somatic Spines (2001)

Dendritic spines commonly receive glutamatergic innervation at postsynaptic densities and compartmentalize calcium influx arising from synaptic signaling. Recently, it was shown that a class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing alpha7 subunits is concentrated on somatic spines emanating from chick ciliary ganglion neurons. The receptors have a high relative calcium permeability and contribute importantly to synaptic currents, although they appear to be excluded from postsynaptic densities. Here we show that low-frequency synaptic stimulation of the alpha7-containing receptors induces calcium transients confined to the spines. High-frequency stimulation induces a transient calcium elevation in the spines and a more sustained cell-wide elevation. The high-frequency transient elevation again depends on alpha7-containing receptors, whereas the sustained elevation can be triggered by other nicotinic receptors and depends on calcium release from internal stores and probably influx through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels as well. Retrograde axonal stimulation of the neurons at high frequency mimics synaptic stimulation in producing sustained cell-wide calcium increases that depend on L-type channels and release from internal stores, but it does not produce calcium transients in the spines. Thus frequent action potentials are sufficient to generate the cell-wide increases, but alpha7-containing receptors are needed for spine-specific effects. Patch-clamp recording indicates that alpha7-containing receptors preferentially desensitize at high-frequency stimulation, accounting for the inability of the stimulation to sustain high calcium levels in the spines. The spatial and temporal differences in the patterns of calcium elevation could enable the neurons to monitor their own firing histories for regulatory purposes.
A method for UV-bonding in the fabrication of glass electrophoretic microchips (2001)

This paper presents an approach for the development of methodologies amenable to simple and inexpensive microchip fabrication, potentially applicable to dissimilar materials bonding and chip integration. The method involves a UV-curable glue that can be used for glass microchip fabrication bonding at room temperature. This involves nothing more than fabrication of glue "guide channels" into the microchip architecture that upon exposure to the appropriate UV light source, bonds the etched plate and cover plate together. The microchip performance was verified by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of small fluorescent molecules with no microchannel surface modification carried out, as well as with a DNA fragment separation following surface modification. The performance of these UV-bonded electrophoretic microchips indicates that this method may provide an alternative to high temperature bonding.
Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in Thuringia, Germany, 1999 to 2006 (2011)

The prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-specific IgG was determined in sera taken in 1999 to 2006 from 1,100 children aged 0–18 years, 800 blood donors and 200 pregnant women in Thuringia, Germany, using tests based on the HSV glycoproteins (g) gG. By the age of 10–12 years, HSV-1 IgG prevalence reached 57.3%, rising to 69.3% by the age of 16–18 years and to 78.0% by the age of 28–30 years. Between 2.7% and 4.7% of the children aged up to 15 years had HSV-2 antibodies, increasing to 7.3% at the age of 16–18 years and to 13.6% among adults. The prevalence of HSV-1 antibodies among girls was significantly lower than among boys and a significantly higher prevalence of HSV-2 IgG in women than in men was detected. The reduced incidence of HSV-1 infections during childhood, especially in girls, has to be followed up since a higher number of primary HSV-2 infections may result. Between 2.7% and 4.7% of all children tested seemed to acquire HSV-2 by intrauterine or neonatal infection. We also compared the use of gG-1 with gC-1: the agreement of 97.2% between the two ELISAs suggests that gG-1 and gC-1 can be considered equivalent antigenic targets.
Dcp2 Decapping Protein Modulates mRNA Stability of the Critical Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) IRF-7 (2012)

The mammalian Dcp2 mRNA-decapping protein functions primarily on a subset of mRNAs in a transcript-specific manner. Here we show that Dcp2 is an important modulator of genes involved in the type I interferon (IFN) response, which is the initial line of antiviral innate immune response elicited by a viral challenge. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells with reduced Dcp2 levels (Dcp2(β/β)) contained significantly elevated levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in the type I IFN response. In particular, analysis of a key type I IFN transcription factor, IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), revealed an increase in both IRF-7 mRNA and protein in Dcp2(β/β) cells. Importantly, the increase in IRF-7 mRNA within the background of reduced Dcp2 levels was attributed to a stabilization of the IRF-7 mRNA, suggesting that Dcp2 normally modulates IRF-7 mRNA stability. Moreover, Dcp2 expression was also induced upon viral infection, consistent with a role in attenuating the antiviral response by promoting IRF-7 mRNA degradation. The induction of Dcp2 levels following a viral challenge and the specificity of Dcp2 in targeting the decay of IRF-7 mRNA suggest that Dcp2 may negatively contribute to the innate immune response in a negative feedback mechanism to restore normal homeostasis following viral infection.
[Preparation method and quality control of compound Daphne injection]. (1992)

Compound Daphne Injection (CDI) is a sterilized solution extracted and refined from Cortex Daphnes, Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis and Radix Notopterygii. The preparation method and quality control of CDI are discussed in this paper.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiation‐Chemical Degradation of Cellulose and Other Polysaccharides (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
723. Polyfluoroarenes. Part IV. 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorotoluene and related compounds (1961)

J. M. Birchall and R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 3719 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610003719
MUSTARD OIL GLUCOSIDES AS FEEDING STIMULANTS FOR PIERIS BRASSICAE LARVAE IN A SEMI‐SYNTHETIC DIET (1966)

Nine glucosides tested as feeding stimulants for Pieris brassicae larvae were effective. The tetraacetates of three of them were not. Two of the glucosides (glucocapparin and glucoiberin) were active at 0.333 × 10 −6 molar in the diet and at 0.333 × 10 −4 molar all were effective. Usually all the larvae in a test do not feed and the increase in effectiveness with concentration, which is observed in groups, is largely brought about by a progressive increase in the number of larvae which actually feed, though with some glucosides an increase in the average frass production of the feeding larvae was found. The relative effectiveness of the glucosides as feeding stimulants changes with concentration. At a concentration of 0.333 × 10 −5 molar, glucocapparin gave the best result while at 0.333 × 10 −3 molar concentrations glucotropaeolin was most effective. Neither of these glucosides has been reported to occur in cabbage leaves. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG SENFÖLGLUKOSIDE ALS FRASSTIMULANTIEN FÜR PIERIS BRASSICAE‐RAUPEN BEI EINER HALBSYNTHETISCHEN DIÄT Neun als Fraßstimulatoren für Kohlweißlingsraupen geprüfte Glukoside erwiesen sich als wirksam. Die Tetraacetate von drei von ihnen waren es nicht. Zwei der Glukoside (Glukokapparin und Glukoiberin) waren 0,333 × 10 −6 und 0,333 × 10 −4 molar in der Diät wirksam. Gewöhnlich fressen in einem Versuch nicht alle Raupen und der Anstieg der Wirksamkeit mit der Konzentration, die gruppenweise beobachtet wird, läßt sich hauptsächlich durch ein zunehmendes Anwachsen der Anzahl von Larven feststellen, die wirklich fressen, obwohl bei einigen Glukosiden ein Anwachsen der Kotproduktion der fressenden Larven gefunden wurde. Die relative Wirksamkeit der Glukoside als Fraßanregungsmittel ändert sich mit der Konzentration. Bei einer molaren Konzentration von 0,333 × 10 −5 ergab Glukokapparin den besten Erfolg, während Glukotropaeolin bei 0,333 × 10 −3 molarer Konzentration am wirksamsten war. Keines dieser Glukoside ist bisher in Kohlblättern nachgewiesen.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO FUTEBOL NA CULTURA E NA POLÍTICA DA AMÉRICA DO SUL (2012)

Esse trabalho tem por finalidade analisar como o futebol interagiu com a cultura e apolitica nas sociedades de alguns paises da America Latina, como Brasil, Argentina,Uruguai, Colombia e Chile. Como ele influenciou e foi influenciado pela cultura, artee politica, tornando-se um reflexo das tensoes sociais e caracteristica de sociedades eafastando-se da critica e lugar-comum de que seria apenas uma forma de alienacao dopovo. O trabalho tambem tem por finalidade mostrar algumas das formas como o futebole retratado por artistas em tempos e modalidades diferentes. Embora diversas vezesdentro da historiografia o futebol tenha sido visto com bastante preconceito, comeca aser analisado por varias areas das Ciencias Sociais, quebrando o paradigma de objetoalienante das massas.
2.5 - New Thermal Imager for Long Range Surveillance (2013)

The concept and design of a new thermal imager branded Attica M-ER is presented which is dedicated to long range border surveillance applications. The camera makes use of a 1280x1024 pixel CMT or InSb detector being sensitive in the MWIR atmospheric window between 3 and 5 micron. For high quality imaging with fields of view between 0.6 and 30 a 50x IR optical zoom lens is designed comprising 11 lenses. Five of the lenses are aspheric and one in addition with a diffractive surface structure. Specially adapted image processing algorithms for homogenization, edge enhancement and dynamic compression as well as automatic functions (focus, contrast, brightness, etc.) are completing the package. Video clips of a first application and examples of image simulation are also presented.
Development of a Nerve Scaffold Using a Tendon Chitosan Tube (2003)

Bridge grafting (15 mm) into the sciatic nerve of SD rats was carried out using tendon chitosan tubes having either a circular or triangular cross-section, as well as triangular tubes combined with laminin, CDPGYIGSR, or CSRARKQAASIKVAVSAD (n = 15 in each group). As a control, isografting (15 mm) was carried out in the SD rats (n = 7). Specimens were taken after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks for histology, and nerve regeneration was evaluated electro-physiologically and histologically after 12 weeks. The mechanical strength of triangular tubes was found to be higher than circular tubes, and the inner volume of a triangular tube tends to be larger than in circular tubes. Nerve tissue regeneration along the tube wall was found in both the laminin and laminin peptide groups. According to the result of percentage neural tissue in relation to evoked action potentials, the consecutive treatments of YIGSR and IKVAV was found to match the effectiveness of intact laminin.
Intra-Uterine Contraception: Recommended Procedures for Data Analysis (1967)

This paper presents procedures for the computation of net cumulative event and closure rates based on all (for IUD use). It is submitted as a contribution to comparable data analysis in the field. Events which occur after the cutoff date are to be ignored; time for tabulation of data should be about 2 months after cutoff date to allow for late reports of events which occurred before this date: statistical analysis should be by periods of use or segments ended by an event such as expulsion removal or accidental pregnancy. Release from follow-up and loss to follow-up are closures by definition. Tables illustrate recommended methods of computation. These provide for use in clinical studies with attendance at scheduled intervals but can be modified for use in field studies based on home interviews with selected women who at some previous time had been fitted with an IUD.
NGF mRNA expression in developing cutaneous epithelium related to innervation density (1990)

To determine if the initial level of NGF mRNA in developing cutaneous epithelium is correlated with its final innervation density, we measured the concentration of NGF mRNA in the epithelia of the maxillary, mandibular and ophthalmic territories of trigeminal ganglion in the embryonic mouse. At the onset of neuronal death in the ganglion there were marked differences in the concentration of NGF mRNA in these epithelia: the level was highest in the epithelium of the densely innervated maxillary territory, it was lower in the epithelium of the moderately innervated mandibular territory and was lowest in the epithelium of the sparsely innervated ophthalmic territory. These regional differences in the level of NGF mRNA during the early stages of target field innervation suggest that the level of NGF production in target field cells, rather than regional differences in the access of innervating neurons to NGF, governs the number of neurons that survive. Because the same percentage cell death occurs in each of the subsets of trigeminal neurons that innervate the maxillary, mandibular and ophthalmic territories, regional differences in NGF synthesis are not responsible for establishing differences in innervation density, rather they maintain differences that arise earlier in development.
Early treatment of respiratory distress syndrome with bovine surfactant in very preterm infants: A multicenter controlled clinical trial (1992)

Bovine surfactant treatment improves survival without BPD in very premature infants at risk for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
<title>New directions in process control</title> (1994)

The Orbot wafer inspection system is designed to implement an automatic defect detection strategy. It employs the unique Perspective Darkfield Imaging (PDI<SUP>TM</SUP>) technology to produce simultaneously four different high resolution images of the scanned wafer area. In PDI images defects appear in multiple perspectives as isolated, bright `stars' on a mostly dark background. This allows high detection sensitivity of 0.1 micrometers defects on advanced complex, dense wafers (0.35 micrometers design rule) with topography. In this paper we demonstrate the advantages of PDI as implemented in the Orbot WF-710. The tool used to emphasize and exploit the very high signal to noise ratio for small defects is the PDI histogram. It is shown that on these histograms submicron defects as small as 0.15 micrometers are significantly separated from the normal wafer pixel population and so can be easily detected. Furthermore PDI histograms can be considered as being the `finger print' of a particular product and layer. The natural extension of this is that PDI histograms can be used to monitor process anomalies not reflected by defects, and so trace process instabilities. A brief description of PDI technology is provided. PDI histograms and the experimental results are set out.
Pseudonym-based cryptography for anonymous communications in mobile ad hoc networks (2007)

Key management for anonymous communication in mobile ad hoc networks is a critical but unsolved problem. Many current anonymous mobile ad hoc routing protocols assume that mobile users share pairwise secrets before they start an anonymous communication session. This assumption is impractical for many ad hoc scenarios where pairwise shared keys are difficult to be set up in advance. Public-key based solution, such as identity-based cryptographic solutions have been proposed for anonymous communications. However, these approaches assume that a centralised Trust Authority (TA) is in charge of the private key generation. Thus, the anonymous communications are not anonymous to the TA. To solve the above mentioned problems, we present pairing-based encryption/decryption, key exchange, blind certificate and revocation solutions for anonymous communications. Our approach provides the following properties compared to traditional approaches: (1) an Anonymous User's (AU's) identity (i.e. a pseudonym) can be used as his/her public key (i.e. the same as traditional identity-based solution); however, each AU can self-derive his/her private key based on a set of publicly known system parameters and his/her chosen pseudonym (this is different from the traditional identity-based solution); (2) a pair of AUs can derive a shared key based on each other's pseudonym without using interactive key exchanging protocols; (3) an AU can self-choose his/her pseudonym that can be blindly signed by a certificate authority and only the pseudonyms with a verifiable certificate are authorised to participate in the anonymous communications (the certificate can be verified by using a set of publicly known system parameters) and (4) the certificate authority is able to revoke AUs' pseudonym. Due to these properties, our approach reduces key management overhead and is suitable for large-scale and ad hoc anonymous services.
Recovery of hematopoietic colony-forming cells in irradiated mice pretreated with interleukin 1 (IL-1). (1988)

Data in this report determined the effect of a single injection of recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1) prior to irradiation of B6D2F1 mice on the recovery of colony-forming cells (CFC) at early and late times after sublethal and lethal doses of radiation. Injection of rIL-1 promoted an earlier recovery of mature cells in the blood and CFC in the bone marrow and spleen. For example, 8 days after 6.5 Gy irradiation, the number of CFU-E (colony-forming units-erythroid), BFU-E (burst-forming units-erythroid), and GM-CFC (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells) per femur was approximately 1.5-fold higher in rIL-1-injected mice than in saline-injected mice. Also, 5, 9, and 12 days after irradiation, the number of both day 8 and day 12 CFU-S (colony-forming units-spleen) was almost twofold greater in bone marrow from rIL-1-injected mice. The earlier recovery of CFU-S in rIL-1-injected mice was not associated with an increase in the number of CFU-S that survived immediately after irradiation. Also, 7 months after irradiation, the number of CFU-S per femur of both saline- and rIL-1-injected mice was still less than 50% of normal values. Data in this report demonstrate that a single injection of rIL-1 prior to irradiation accelerates early hematopoietic recovery in irradiated mice, but does not prevent expression of radiation-induced frontend damage or long-term damage to hematopoietic tissues.
Osteoporosis and Familial Idiopathic Scoliosis: Association with an Abnormal Alpha 2(I) Collagen (1989)

A positive family history is considered a risk factor for osteoporosis (OP) although the genetic or biochemical basis for this relationship remains undefined. Various mutations affecting normal synthesis of type I collagen have been reported in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a heritable disorder of connective tissue. Family A, in which the proband and a daughter are afflicted with OP and idiopathic scoliosis was examined for defects in collagen metabolism. Dermal fibroblast cultures were established to investigate de novo collagen synthesis. SDS-PAGE revealed an abnormally migrating alpha 2(I) chain and procollagen in two generations. Examination of the kinetics of type I collagen pC & N-propeptide processing demonstrated a rate 2x control in the proband. The phenotype family A is not OI. It shares features with families B & C, having familial clustering of OP. However, collagen synthesis was not abnormal in family B & C. These data suggest that in family A the alpha 2(I) structural defect may be related to defective skeletal matrix formation.
Retinal pigment epithelial cell necroptosis in response to sodium iodate (2016)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the retina and the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in developed countries. The late stage of dry AMD, or geographic atrophy (GA), is characterized by extensive retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration. The underlying molecular mechanism for RPE cell death in GA remains unclear. Our previous study has established that RPE cells die predominantly from necroptosis in response to oxidative stress in vitro. Here, we extend our study and aim to characterize the nature of RPE cell death in response to sodium iodate (NaIO3) in vitro and in a NaIO3-induced retina degeneration mouse model. We found that NaIO3 induces RPE necroptosis in vitro by using a combination of molecular hallmarks. By using TUNEL assays, active caspase-3 and HMGB1 immunostaining, we confirmed that photoreceptor cells die mainly from apoptosis and RPE cells die mainly from necroptosis in response to NaIO3 in vivo. RPE necroptosis in this model is also supported by use of the RIPK1 inhibitor, Necrostatin-1. Furthermore, using novel RIPK3-GFP transgenic mouse lines, we detected RIPK3 aggregation, a hallmark of necroptosis, in the RPE cells in vivo after NaIO3 injection. Our findings suggest the necessity of re-evaluating RPE cell death mechanism in AMD models and have the potential to influence therapeutic development for dry AMD, especially GA.
Monovalent, Clickable, Uncharged, Water-Soluble Perylenediimide-Cored Dendrimers for Target-Specific Fluorescent Biolabeling (2011)

Herein we report the synthesis of water-soluble polyglycerol-dendronized perylenediimides with a single reactive group that undergoes high-yielding click reactions. Single-molecule studies and target-specific biolabeling are reported, including the highly specific labeling of proteins on the surface of living bacterial and mammalian cells.
A highly linear dual-band Doherty power amplifier for femto-cell base stations (2015)

A power amplifier (PA) for a femto-cell base station should be highly efficient, linear and small. The efficiency for amplification of a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signal is improved by designing an asymmetric Doherty PA (DPA). The linearity is improved by applying third-order inter-modulation (IM3) cancellation method. For dual-band operation, a tunable switched capacitor is applied. A small size is achieved by designing the DPA using GaN MMIC process. The implemented dual-band DPA delivers a DE of 45.5/41.6%, ACLR of −35.6/−34.5 dBc, and a gain of 15.7/13.2 dB with an average output power of 35.3/33.7 dBm, respectively, for a 7.2 dB PAPR 10 MHz bandwidth LTE signal at 2.3 and 2.65 GHz.
A Standard for Multimedia Middleware (1998)

Hardware, software, and coding standards for digital media have played a significant role in making multimedia presentation an intrinsic compponent of many systems. However, these standards are primarily concerned with the storage, encoding and transport of media content, and have not been intended to address the integration of multimedia data into more general programming environments for media presentation. PREMO (PResentation Environments for Multimedia Objects) is a project within the SC24 committee of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) aimed at developing an API (Application Programmer Interface) that integrates the processing and presentation of distributed multimedia with that of synthesised graphics. This report summarises the contents of the PREMO standard and explains how the integration of graphics into a general framework for media processing is achieved.