gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoform C beta 2, an unusual form of the bovine catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1991)

The catalytic (C) subunit is the phosphorylating component of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, a key element in a multitude of hormonally controlled cellular functions. The C-subunit, thought to be a solitary protein until several years ago, is now known to be a group of isoforms comprising as yet C alpha, C beta, and C gamma. We report here the isolation of a full-length cDNA clone coding for a hitherto undiscovered isoform of the bovine C-subunit. The end parts of the 5'-coding region and the 5'-noncoding region of this 3365-base pair clone are unique, whereas the rest of the coding region and the 3'-noncoding region are identical to those of isoform C beta. The clone has therefore been named C beta 2. The deduced amino acid sequence of C beta 2 has a length of 397 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 46.1 kDa, thus being some 6 kDa higher than that of any known C-subunit. In vitro translation of clone C beta 2 resulted in a single 46-kDa protein. The unique amino-terminal sequence of C beta 2 lacks the usual myristoylation site of C-subunits. It contains a stretch of hydrophobic residues (residues 7-19) and a stretch which may fold into an amphiphilic alpha-helix (residues 16-27) conceivably serving targeting functions. The existence of isoform C beta 2 is confirmed by: (i) the isolation of a second independent C beta 2 clone, (ii) the development of products of expected size and sequence upon amplification from total RNA of various bovine tissues with the polymerase chain reaction using C beta 2-specific primers, and (iii) Northern blots probed with a cDNA fragment containing exclusively C beta 2 sequence. C beta 2 mRNA has a size of 4.4 kilobases and is expressed in various bovine tissues, mainly in heart and brain. Both the size and tissue distribution are indistinguishable from those of C beta mRNA, thus explaining the failure of previous investigations to distinguish it from C beta 2. Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction with genomic DNA indicate that intron sequence(s) exist at the C beta 2/C beta deviation site (bases 267/268). The deviation site is equivalent to the exon 1/exon 2 splice site of the mouse C-subunit. Since splice sites are highly conserved and since not a single mutation is found downstream of the deviation site, it is tempting to suppose that C beta 2 and C beta are coded by one gene which possesses two alternatively spliced exons 1.
Granulomatous pneumonitis induced by bacille Calmette-Guérin in the mouse and its treatment with cyclosporin A. (1986)

Granulomatous pneumonitis was induced intravenously by an injection of BCG, and changes in the population of cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were examined. Increased lymphocytes in BAL fluid, especially Lyt-1 positive T-lymphocytes, were observed after the development of granulomatous pneumonitis. Cyclosporin A (Cy A) administered for 5 days before and for 5 days after BCG injection clearly suppressed development of the granuloma. The BAL cell count and cell population became almost the same as those in naive animals. The increase in the number of Lyt-1 positive T cells was abrogated by Cy A treatment. These results suggested the important role of Lyt-1 positive T cells in the development of granulomas and the possible beneficial effect of Cy A in human granulomatous lung diseases.
Pulse Pressure Respiratory Variation as an Early Marker of Cardiac Output Fall in Experimental Hemorrhagic Shock (2007)

Pulse pressure (DeltaPp) and systolic pressure (DeltaPs) variations have been recommended as predictors of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that changes in DeltaPp and DeltaPs parallel alterations in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) during hemorrhage, shock, and resuscitation. In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated mongrel dogs, a graded hemorrhage (20 mL/min) was induced to a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg, which was maintained for additional 30 min. Total shed-blood volume was then retransfused at a 40 mL/min rate. CO, SV, right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP), and continuous mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) were assessed. Both DeltaPp and DeltaPs were calculated from direct arterial pressure waveform. Removal of about 9% of estimated blood volume promoted a reduction in SV (14.8 +/- 2.2 to 10.6 +/- 1.3 mL, P < 0.05). At approximately 18% blood volume removal, significant changes in CO (2.4 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.2 mL/min, P < 0.05), DeltaPp (12.6 +/- 1.4 to 15.8 +/- 2.0%, P < 0.05), and SvO(2) (82 +/- 1.4 to 73 +/- 1.7%, P < 0.05) were observed. Alterations in MAP, RAP, PAOP, and DeltaPs could be detected only after each animal had lost over 36% of estimated initial blood volume. There was correlation between blood volume loss and SV, CO, and SvO(2), as well as between blood loss and MAP, DeltaPp, and DeltaPs. Blood volume loss showed no correlation with cardiac filling pressures. DeltaPp is a useful, early marker of SV and CO for the assessment of cardiac preload changes in hemorrhagic shock, while cardiac filling pressures are not.
LIII. <i>On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space</i> (1901)

(1901). LIII. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 559-572.
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Antagonizes Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer Cells (2010)

A two-pronged approach confirmed that SLPI overcomes paclitaxel in part through activation of ERK1/2. These results credential SLPI as a molecular target for ovarian cancer and suggest CR012 as a tool for proof of concept.
The Monitoring and Control of Industrial Exposure to Lead (1971)

The Monitoring and Control of Industrial Exposure to Lead M.H. Davies M.H. Davies Fowler Davies & Co. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Occupational Medicine, Volume 21, Issue 4, 1971, Page 126, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/21.4.126 Published: 01 January 1971
The louse-borne human pathogen <i>Bartonella quintana</i> is a genomic derivative of the zoonotic agent <i>Bartonella henselae</i> (2004)

We present the complete genomes of two human pathogens, Bartonella quintana (1,581,384 bp) and Bartonella henselae (1,931,047 bp). The two pathogens maintain several similarities in being transmitted by insect vectors, using mammalian reservoirs, infecting similar cell types (endothelial cells and erythrocytes) and causing vasculoproliferative changes in immunocompromised hosts. A primary difference between the two pathogens is their reservoir ecology. Whereas B. quintana is a specialist, using only the human as a reservoir, B. henselae is more promiscuous and is frequently isolated from both cats and humans. Genome comparison elucidated a high degree of overall similarity with major differences being B. henselae specific genomic islands coding for filamentous hemagglutinin, and evidence of extensive genome reduction in B. quintana, reminiscent of that found in Rickettsia prowazekii. Both genomes are reduced versions of chromosome I from the highly related pathogen Brucella melitensis. Flanked by two rRNA operons is a segment with similarity to genes located on chromosome II of B. melitensis, suggesting that it was acquired by integration of megareplicon DNA in a common ancestor of the two Bartonella species. Comparisons of the vector-host ecology of these organisms suggest that the utilization of host-restricted vectors is associated with accelerated rates of genome degradation and may explain why human pathogens transmitted by specialist vectors are outnumbered by zoonotic agents, which use vectors of broad host ranges.
Tissue-Specific Expression of a Wheat High Molecular Weight Glutenin Gene in Transgenic Tobacco (1989)

Laurian S. Robert, Richard D. Thompson, Richard B. Flavell, Tissue-Specific Expression of a Wheat High Molecular Weight Glutenin Gene in Transgenic Tobacco, The Plant Cell, Vol. 1, No. 6 (Jun., 1989), pp. 569-578
Giant two-way shape memory effect in high-temperature Ni–Mn–Ga single crystal (2010)

A perfect two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) with reversible strain of about 9% has been found in the high-temperature Ni57.5Mn22.5Ga20.0 single crystal transforming into 2M non-modulated martensitic phase. Two thermal/mechanical treatment routes were utilized in the experimental procedures. The outstanding high-temperature TWSME is observed as a result of tensile stress-strain cycling along 〈100〉 axis involving huge superelastic strains due to stress-induced martensitic transformation. It is argued that the TWSME is related to the anisotropic internal stresses produced by a network of lattice defects. The defects are generated in the course of oriented growth/shrinkage of the dominating martensitic variant in the tensile sample.
Neutralization of Tumor Necrosis Factor Activity Shortly After the Onset of Dendritic Cell Hematopoiesis Reveals a Novel Mechanism for the Selective Expansion of the CD14-Dependent Dendritic Cell Pathway (1998)

The CD14-dependent and -independent dendritic cell (DC) pathways are instituted simultaneously when CD34+ progenitor cells are treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ± stem cell factor (SCF) (GTS). If TNF activity is neutralized within 48 hours of cytokine exposure, DC development is halted and myelogranulocytic hematopoiesis takes place. In this study, we show that disruption of TNF activity at a later time point produced a distinct alteration within the DC system. Instead of downregulating DC development, treatment of GTS cultures with antibodies to TNF (anti-TNF) on day 3 provoked the selective expansion of the CD14-dependent (monocyte) DC pathway from progenitor cell populations lacking CD14 and CD1a. After an initial decrease in proliferation, anti-TNF produced a rebound in cell growth that yielded intermediate myeloid progenitors exhibiting CD14-dependent DC differentiation potential and CD14+CD1a+ DC precursors. Cultures enriched in CD14-dependent DCs were more potent stimulators of a mixed leukocyte reaction, compared with control GTS cultures containing both types of DCs. The intermediate progenitors expanded in the presence of anti-TNF were CD115+CD33+DR+, long-lived, and displayed clonogenic potential in methylcellulose. When exposed to the appropriate cytokine combinations, these cells yielded granulocytes, monocytes, and CD14-dependent DCs. Antigen-presenting function was acquired only when DC maturation was induced from these myelodendritic progenitors with GM-CSF + interleukin-4 or GTS. These studies show a novel mechanism by which TNF regulates the DC system, as well as providing a strategy for the amplification of the CD14-dependent DC pathway from immature progenitors. Although TNF is required to ensure the institution of DC hematopoiesis from CD34+ progenitor cells, its activity on a later progenitor appears to limit the development of CD14-dependent DCs. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Macrophage clustering as a diagnostic marker in sural nerve biopsies of patients with CIDP (2005)

The presence of clusters of macrophages around endoneurial vessels in sural nerve biopsies may serve as a useful additional marker for establishing the pathologic diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).
Direct Tests of the Energetic Basis of Abortive Cycling in Transcription (2011)

Although the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is (and must be) a generally very stable process to enable transcription of kilobase transcripts, it has long been known that during initial transcription of the first 8-10 bases of RNA complexes are relatively unstable, leading to the release of short abortive RNA transcripts. A wealth of structural data in the past decade has led to specific mechanistic models elaborating an earlier "stressed intermediate" model for initial transcription. In this study, we test fundamental predictions of each of these models in the simple model enzyme T7 RNA polymerase. Nicking or gapping the nontranscribed template DNA immediately upstream of the growing hybrid yields no systematic reduction in abortive falloff, demonstrating clearly that compaction or "scrunching" of this DNA is not a source of functional instability. Similarly, transcription on DNA in which the nontemplate strand in the initially transcribed region is either mismatched or removed altogether leads to at most modest reductions in abortive falloff, indicating that expansion or "scrunching" of the bubble is not the primary driving force for abortive cycling. Finally, energetic stress derived from the observed steric clash of the growing hybrid against the N-terminal domain contributes at most mildly to abortive cycling, as the addition of steric bulk (additional RNA bases) at the upstream end of the hybrid does not lead to predicted positional shifts in observed abortive patterns. We conclude that while structural changes (scrunching) clearly occur in initial transcription, stress from these changes is not the primary force driving abortive cycling.
Backward Diodes for Low-level Millimeter-Wave Detection (1963)

Backward diodes (low peak current tunnel diodes) suitable for small-signal detection applications in the millimeter-wave region have been fabricated from n-type germanium. The diodes have the dimensions and geometry of point-contact diodes. For millimeter-wave signal levels below about - 20 dbm, the current sensitivity of these units is an order of magnitude greater than that of selected existing diodes for this frequency range. When employed as millimeter-wave frequency converters, the minimum conversion loss is comparable to that of conventional diodes, but the beating oscillator power requirements may be somewhat reduced. The diode noise factor at megacycle IF frequencies is comparable to that of conventional units, and in the low audio IF range it is expected to be markedly decreased. The fabrication of these diodes is described and their initial performance at selected frequencies from 11 Gc to 300 Gc is discussed.
Surface Area Reduction During Isothermal Sintering (1976)

A kinetic model for the reduction in specific surface area during isothermal sintering is examined in detail. Experimental data for a variety of materials including A1 2 O 3 , B, Ni, Cu, ZnO, TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and As‐Se‐S glasses are analyzed by the technique provided. The results of this technique agree well with those for previously identified sintering mechanisms for each material. The kinetic model is based on sintering driven by the curvature gradient in the interparticle neck region associated with initial‐stage sintering. At the intermediate stage of sintering, a diminished curvature gradient shifts the sintering driving force to the excess surface free energy.
Morphology (2005)

Abstract Morphology, in linguistics, is the study of the forms of words, and the ways in which words are related to other words of the same language. Formal differences among words serve a variety of purposes, from the creation of new lexical items to the indication of grammatical structure.
Increase in Fatal Poisonings Involving Opioid Analgesics in the United States, 1999-2006 (2009)

Data from the National Vital Statistics System Mortality File. From 1999 through 2006, the number of fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics more than tripled from 4,000 to 13,800 deaths. Opioid analgesics were involved in almost 40% of all poisoning deaths in 2006. In 2006, the rate of poisoning deaths involving opioid analgesics was higher for males, persons aged 35-54 years, and non-Hispanic white persons than for females and those in other age and racial/ethnic groups. In about one-half of the deaths involving opioid analgesics, more than one type of drug was specified as contributing to the death, with benzodiazepines specified with opioid analgesics most frequently. The age-adjusted death rate for poisoning involving opioid analgesics varied more than eightfold among the states in 2006.
Mechanical ventilation during low‐flow anaesthesia. Experience with an alternative to the bag‐in‐bottle (1990)

Clinical experience with low-flow anaesthesia during controlled ventilation of the lungs is described. The anaesthesia circle is separated by a corrugated hose that serves as a large deadspace. This open connexion has no bellows or overflow valve and therefore the risk of mechanical dysfunction is small. No mixing of circle and ventilator gas occurs during normal operation. Major decreases in the oxygen concentration in the system are unlikely even if the fresh gas flow is interrupted or significant leaks from the circle occur because 100% oxygen is delivered by the ventilator. A hose volume larger than 1650 ml prevented gas mixing at tidal volumes of 380-1170 ml. There was no system-related mishap in over 600 patients, who comprised about 40% of the neurosurgical patients anaesthetised during that period. The cost of isoflurane was reduced to about 33% of that incurred during previous periods.
Economic Model Predictive Control and Applications for Diesel Generators (2016)

When developing control systems for diesel generators, tuning of the controller's parameters to achieve acceptable performance is a significant challenge, particularly while satisfying input, emission, and safety constraints in the face of unknown system disturbances. Robust economic model predictive control (EMPC) can simplify this process by directly addressing the generator's objectives, while systematically handling constraints in a robust way. This paper details how robust EMPC can be implemented as the control solution for diesel generators. To illustrate the process, two distinct generator applications are considered. The first application is a power tracking diesel generator, operating under emissions constraints. Such an application is found in series hybrid electric vehicles. The second application concerns diesel generators onboard submarines. In this application, engine speed and exhaust temperatures must be kept constant, despite significant system disturbances. An experimental study highlights the effectiveness of the EMPC as a solution for both applications.
Dynamic Distribution of Workload between CPU and GPU for a Parallel Conjugate Gradient Method in an Adaptive FEM (2013)

Abstract The parallel preconditioned conjugate gradient method (CGM) is often used in adaptive FEMs and has a critical impact on the performance. This article proposes a method for dynamically balancing the computational load of this CGM between CPU and GPU. For the determination of the optimal balance of the computational load on CPU and GPU, an execution time model for the CGM is developed which considers the different execution speeds of the two kinds of processing units. The model relies on data-specific and machine-specific parameters which are both determined at runtime. The accuracy of the model is verified in experiments. This auto-tuning-based approach for CPU/GPU collaboration enables significant performance benefits compared to CPU-only or GPU-only execution.
Low voltage and high speed operating electrostatic wafer chuck (1992)

A new electrostatic force expression for the electrostatic wafer chuck with a three layer insulator is introduced. If a few micrometers of air layer is assumed, the expression coincides with the experimental results. An electrostatic wafer chuck with a two layer insulator is designed and evaluated. The bottom layer is a spin coated polyimide and the top layer is a vacuum evaporated alumina. The holding pressure is 35 gf/cm2, when 200 V dc is applied in atmosphere. The pressure is not influenced by the duration of the applied voltage. The residual pressure, after the voltage is turned off, decreases to zero rapidly. The breakdown voltage is from 320 to 700 V. The scratch test shows good results due to a vacuum evaporated alumina layer.
Techbits (August 2003) (2003)

Techbits - No abstract available.
Characterization of C-H-O Hydrogen Bonds on the Basis of the Charge Density (1995)

It is shown that the total charge density is a valid source to confirm hydrogen bonding without invoking a reference charge density. A set of criteria are proposed based on the theory of "atoms in molecules" to establish hydrogen bonding, even for multiple interactions involving C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These criteria are applied to several van der Waals complexes. Finally a bifurcated intramolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond is predicted in the anti-AIDS drug AZT, which may highlight a crucial feature of the biological activity of a whole class of anti-AIDS drugs. © 1995 American Chemical Society.
Especial dolor lumbar (2008)

Tendriamos que colocar en un pedestal a aquel que nunca ha padecido molestias en la zona lumbar. La mayor parte de consultas llegadas a nuestra redaccion estan precisamente relacionadas con las lesiones deportivas. Hoy dia, pocos son los que desconocen los motivos superficiales que generan lumbalgias y afecciones relacionadas con la parte inferior de la espalda. La mayoria de preparadores fisicos incorporan en su trabajo diario ejercicios destinados a la recuperacion postural, la estabilizacion y el fortalecimiento de la columna. Tambien nos resulta mucho mas facil entender a que se deben estos problemas y que hacer cuando surgen. En este ejemplar el doctor Manuel Cases Cases, que dirige el centro de Traumatologia y Fisioterapia FPZ Espana Cetradec (Valencia), profundiza en el dolor lumbar, recuperando sus contenidos anatomicos y kinesiologicos. Llegados a la segunda parte, se hace hincapie en los dos apartados mas importantes en que se basa nuestra filosofia editorial: como prevenir y que hacer de forma practica para evitar los problemas lumbares.
Introducing FIRESTARTER: A processor stress test utility (2013)

Processor stress test utilities are important tools for a number of different use cases. In particular, cooling systems need to be tested at maximum load in order to ensure that they fulfill their specifications. Additionally, a test system characterization in terms of idle and maximum power consumption is often a prerequisite for energy efficiency research. This creates the need for a simple yet versatile tool that generates near-peak power consumption of compute nodes. While in different research areas tools such as LINPACK and Prime95 are commonly used, these tools are just highly optimized and compute intense routines that solve specific computational problems. As stress test utilities they are unnecessarily hard to use and in many cases unreliable in terms of power consumption maximization. We propose FIRESTARTER, an Open Source tool that is specifically designed to create near-peak power consumption. Our experiments show that this task cannot be achieved with generic high-level language code. We therefore use highly optimized assembly routines that take the specific properties of a given processor microarchitecture into account. A study on four compute nodes with current or last generation x86_64 processors shows that we reliably exceed the power consumption of other stress tests and create very steady power consumption patterns.
Name, addresses, ports, and routes (1982)

This RFC gives suggestions and guidance for the design of the tables
and algorithms necessary to keep track of these various sorts of
identifiers inside a host implementation of TCP/IP.