gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Stability of Mercury Vapor Adsorption over Two Kinds of Modified Semicoke (2014)

In an attempt to produce effective and lower price gaseous Hg(0) adsorbents, two methods of HCl and KMnO4/heat treatment were used respectively for the surface modification of liginite semicoke from inner Mongolia. The different effects of modification process on the surface physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The characteristics and stability of mercury vapor adsorption over two kinds of modified semicoke were investigated. The results indicated that modification process caused lower micropore quantity and volume capacity of semicoke; the C-Cl functional groups, C=O bond and delocalized electron π on the surface of Cl-SC, the amorphous higher valency Mn (x+) , and O=C-OH functional groups on the surface of Mn-H-SC were the active sites for oxidation and adsorption of gaseous Hg(0). Modification process led to higher mercury removal efficiency of semicoke at 140°C and reduced the stability of adsorbed mercury of semicoke in simulated water circumstance simultaneously.
Sensitive, highly linear lithium niobate interferometers for electromagnetic field sensing (1988)

An asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer in Ti:LiNbO3 has been demonstrated to have a 84 dB linear dynamic range and 1.1 μV sensitivity, for a 3 kHz detection bandwidth and a 50 Ω resistance, at the 1.3 μm wavelength. This device is useful for electric and magnetic field sensing. Optimum linearity is achieved with a 90° intrinsic phase bias. The dependence of dynamic range and sensitivity on optical power, phase bias, and modulation voltage is reported. The reasons for, and magnitudes of, deviations from optimum linear behavior are described for many fabricated interferometers.
Predicting the fertilising ability of avian semen: The development of an objective colourimetric method for assessing the metabolic activity of fowl spermatozoa (1988)

1. A simple, objective colourimetric technique for estimating the capacity of fowl spermatozoa to reduce a tetrazolium dye is described. 2. The test is shown to give a quantitative measurement of the metabolic activity of spermatozoa, as judged by their rate of oxygen utilisation, and thus of the 'quality' of semen in poultry.
Studies on the Ammonia Pressure Leaching of Metallic Nickel and Copper Powders (1971)

In the current investigation, the difference in dissolution behaviour between metallic nickel and copper powders under the condition of ammonia pressure leaching has been studied. The leaching rates were determined at the NH3 concentration of 1 or 1.5 mol/L and over the (NH4)2SO4 concentration range from 0 to 1.5 mol/L, the temperature range from 15° to 200°C, the agitation range from 400 to 1200 rev/min and oxygen partial pressure range from 0.5 to 10 atmospheres. The solubility of nickel ammine sulphate in the H2O–NH3–(NH4)2SO4 system was also measured in the present work. The experimental results obtained under these conditions are summarized as follows. The leaching of the nickel powder is shown to be a reaction of the zero-th order, indicating that the leaching time curve is a linear relation. But the leaching of the copper powder is an autocatalytic reaction, showing an extended S-shaped curve with a certain incubation period. The average leaching rate of the nickel powder is directly proportional to the oxygen partial pressure, and that of the copper powder to the square root of the oxygen partial pressure. The leaching amount of the nickel powder in solutions containing both ammonia and ammonium sulphate in the presence of oxygen is very small compared with that of the copper powder. This fact is independent of the difference in solubility between the Ni(NH3)6SO4 and Cu(NH3)4SO4·H2O in the H2O–NH3–(NH4)2SO4 systems.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of medicinal plants containing polyphenol compounds. Comparison of two extraction systems. (2010)

This study investigates the influence of extraction system on the extractability of polyphenol compounds and antioxidant activity of various medicinal plants. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and total polyphenol content of 25 Bulgarian medicinal plants subjected to water or 80 % acetone extractions were investigated and compared. The type of extragent significantly influenced the efficiency of the polyphenol extraction and the antioxidant activity. In all cases ORAC results and total polyphenol content were higher for acetone extraction than for water extraction. The acetone extract of peppermint had the highest ORAC value - 2917 micromol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry weight (DW) and polyphenol content - 20216 mg/100 g DW. For water extraction thyme exhibited the highest ORAC antioxidant activity - 1434 micromol TE/g DW. There was a significant linear correlation between the concentration of total polyphenols and ORAC in the investigated medicinal plants. It can be concluded that the solvent used affects significantly the polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity of the extract and therefore it is recommended to use more than one extraction system for better assessment of the antioxidant activity of natural products. Several of the investigated herbs contain substantial amounts of free radical scavengers and can serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants for medicinal and commercial uses.
The role of stathmin in the regulation of the cell cycle (2004)

Stathmin is the founding member of a family of proteins that play critically important roles in the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Stathmin regulates microtubule dynamics by promoting depolymerization of microtubules and/or preventing polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Upon entry into mitosis, microtubules polymerize to form the mitotic spindle, a cellular structure that is essential for accurate chromosome segregation and cell division. The microtubule-depolymerizing activity of stathmin is switched off at the onset of mitosis by phosphorylation to allow microtubule polymerization and assembly of the mitotic spindle. Phosphorylated stathmin has to be reactivated by dephosphorylation before cells exit mitosis and enter a new interphase. Interfering with stathmin function by forced expression or inhibition of expression results in reduced cellular proliferation and accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Forced expression of stathmin leads to abnormalities in or a total lack of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of cells in the early stages of mitosis. On the other hand, inhibition of stathmin expression leads to accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases and is associated with severe mitotic spindle abnormalities and difficulty in the exit from mitosis. Thus, stathmin is critically important not only for the formation of a normal mitotic spindle upon entry into mitosis but also for the regulation of the function of the mitotic spindle in the later stages of mitosis and for the timely exit from mitosis. In this review, we summarize the early studies that led to the identification of the important mitotic function of stathmin and discuss the present understanding of its role in the regulation of microtubules dynamics during cell-cycle progression. We also describe briefly other less mature avenues of investigation which suggest that stathmin may participate in other important biological functions and speculate about the future directions that research in this rapidly developing field may take.
A MULTIENZYME TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY (1977)

ABSTRACT An in vitro method using a multienzyme system for the estimation of protein digestibility has been developed. The multienzyme system consists of trypsin, chymotrypsin and peptidase. It was found that the pH of a protein suspension immediately after 10 min digestion with the multienzyme solution was highly correlated with the in vivo apparent digestibility of rats. Regression analyses of 23 samples tested showed that the correlation coefficient between pH at 10 min and in vivo apparent digestibility was 0.90 with a standard error of estimate of 2.23. The regression equation was Y = 210.464 ‐ 18.103, where “X” was the pH of protein suspension immediately after the 10 min digestion with the multienzyme solution. The most significant advantage of this in vitro method for predicting apparent protein digestibility was that it can be completed within 1 hr and with a high degree sensitivity. The method can detect the effects of trypsin inhibitor, chlorogenic acid, and heat treatment on protein digestibility. Strong buffer salts may affect the measurement of protein digestibility, but the buffering effects found in general food proteins and products tested did not create any problem with the procedure.
Sample preparation issues for tissue imaging by imaging MS (2009)

Imaging MS is a powerful technique that combines the chemical and spatial analysis of surfaces. It allows spatial localization of multiple different compounds that are recorded in parallel without the need of a label. It is currently one of the rapidly developing techniques in the proteomics toolbox. Different complementary imaging MS methods, i.e. MALDI and secondary ion MS imaging for direct tissue analysis, can be applied on exactly the same tissue sample. This allows the identification of small molecules, peptides and proteins present on the same sample surface. Sample preparation is crucial to obtain high quality, reliable and reproducible complementary molecular images. It is essential to optimize the conditions for each step in the sample preparation protocol, ranging from sample collection and storage to surface modification. In this article, we review and discuss the importance of correct sample treatment in case of MALDI and secondary ion MS imaging experiments and describe the experimental requirements for optimal sample preparation.
Partial Purification and Immobilization/Stabilization on Highly Activated Glyoxyl-agarose Supports of Different Proteases from Flavourzyme (2007)

The fractioning of some components and their immobilization of Flavourzyme, a commercial protease/aminopeptidase preparation, has been investigated to improve its specificity and stability. Adsorption of Flavourzyme on two ionic exchangers yielded two fractions with endoprotease activity and one fraction containing aminopeptidase activity. The use of an amine agarose gel has made it possible to purify a 43 kDa protein with only endoprotease activity. Immobilization of this endoprotease and the original Flavourzyme preparation onto glyoxyl-agarose provided derivatives that were more thermostable than their soluble counterparts. Tests using immobilized Flavourzyme and immobilized purified endoprotease for the hydrolysis of chickpea proteins showed that both preparations can be used for the production of protein hydrolysates and compare very favorably with the original crude Flavourzyme in terms of reducing the production of free amino acids. This was especially so in the case of immobilized endoprotease, which produced only 0.2% free amino acids. Keeping free amino acids content low is very important in protein hydrolysates for nutritional use to avoid excessive osmotic pressure.
Specificity of the uridine‐diphosphate‐<i>N</i>‐acetylmuramyl‐<scp>l</scp>‐alanyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐glutamate: <i>meso</i>‐2,6‐diaminopimelate synthetase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1985)

To investigate the specificity of the uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate synthetase, various compounds mimicking more or less different parts of the UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu substrate were prepared. Their size ranged from that of uridine or L-Ala-D-Glu to that of the whole nucleotide substrate. Chemical synthesis led to N alpha-acyl-dipeptides, in which the acyl group mimicked the MurNAc moiety, and to glycopeptides MurNAc(alpha or beta-Me)-L-Ala-D-Glu, in which the anomeric function is blocked. Partial degradation or chemical modification of the substrate UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu afforded: MurOHNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu, P1-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu, and DDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu (DDP = dihydrouridine-diphosphate). All these compounds were tested as substrates or (and) inhibitors of the reaction catalyzed by the A2pm-adding enzyme, which, after partial purification, was obtained in two active forms. Among the compounds tested as substrates, only DDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu was a good one. The Km for this compound was 97 microM versus 55 microM for the natural substrate. Among the various compounds tested as inhibitors, only P1-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu and MurNAc(alpha or beta-Me)-L-Ala-D-Glu had a significant inhibitory effect at 1mM. Apparently, no particular portion of the molecule is predominantly responsible for its recognition by the enzyme. In other words, multiple sites located over the whole molecule are required for a proper recognition and determine the high specificity of this activity. Therefore, to obtain efficient competitive inhibitors it is necessary to synthesize molecules very similar in size and structure to the natural substrate.
Teicoplanin Reprogrammed with the N-Acyl-Glucosamine Pharmacophore at the Penultimate Residue of Aglycone Acquires Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activities Effectively Killing Gram-Positive and -Negative Pathogens (2019)

Lipoglycopeptide antibiotics, for example, teicoplanin (Tei) and A40926, are more potent than vancomycin against Gram-positive (Gram-(+)) drug-resistant pathogens, for example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To extend their therapeutic effectiveness on vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), the biosynthetic pathway of the N-acyl glucosamine (Glc) pharmacophore at residue 4 (r4) of teicoplanin pseudoaglycone redirection to residue 6 (r6) was attempted. On the basis of crystal structures, two regioselective biocatalysts Orf2*T (a triple-mutation mutant S98A/V121A/F193Y) and Orf11*S (a single-mutation mutant W163A) were engineered, allowing them to act on GlcNAc at r6. New analogs thereby made show marked antimicrobial activity against MRSA and VRSA by 2-3 orders of magnitude better than teicoplanin and vancomycin. The lipid side chain of the Tei-analogs armed with a terminal mono- or diguanidino group extends the antimicrobial specificity from Gram-(+) to Gram-negative (Gram-(-)), comparable to that of kanamycin. In addition to low cytotoxicity and high safety, the Tei analogs exhibit new modes of action as a result of resensitization of VRSA and Acinetobacter baumannii. The redirection of the biosynthetic pathway for the N-acyl-Glc pharmacophore from r4 to r6 bodes well for large-scale production of selected r6,Tei congeners in an environmentally friendly synthetic biology approach.
Tentacle Probes™: Differentiation of Difficult Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Deletions by Presence or Absence of a Signal in Real-Time PCR (2007)

The high specificity exhibited by Tentacle Probes may eliminate melting curve analysis for SNP and deletion mutation detection, allowing the diagnostic use of previously difficult targets.
NON-DISJUNCTION AND MATERNAL AGE IN THE MOUSE (1965)

In the human female, meiotic disjunction and anaphase lag tend to occur with increasing frequency with advancing age as demonstrated by the frequency of Down's and Trisomy D syndromes. It therefore appeared of interest to study the incidence of aneuploidy in offspring of elderly female mice whose fertility and genetics are well established. In order to perform chromosome counts rapidly, it was first necessary to develop a technique of chromosome preparation which required a minimum of time and effort. F1 hybrid (BALB/c x 129) female mice, age 15 months and older, were caged with young, proven fertile BALB/c males for a period of 1 year. The resulting newborn mice were killed by cerebral pressure, the kidneys were removed, placed in 2 ml of 0·7% sodium citrate solution and pulverized by being forced through a
NoC topology synthesis for supporting shutdown of voltage islands in SoCs (2009)

In many Systems on Chips (SoCs), the cores are clustered in to voltage islands. When cores in an island are unused, the entire island can be shutdown to reduce the leakage power consumption. However, today, the interconnect architecture is a bottleneck in allowing the shutdown of the islands. In this paper, we present a synthesis approach to obtain customized application-specific Networks on Chips (NoCs) that can support the shutdown of voltage islands. Our results on realistic SoC benchmarks show that the resulting NoC designs only have a negligible overhead in SoC active power consumption (average of 3%) and area (average of 0.5%) to support the shutdown of islands. The shutdown support provided can lead to a significant leakage and hence total power savings.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is a site of superoxide synthesis in endothelial cells treated with glyceryl trinitrate (2000)

Tolerance to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) involves superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production by endothelial cells. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) produces O(2)(*-) when L-arginine (L-arg) is limited. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that GTN stimulates NOS to increase O(2)(*-) synthesis in endothelial cells when L-arg is limited. Production of O(2)(*-) by bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC, passages 3 - 5) was determined by spectrophotometrically measuring superoxide dismutase-inhibited reduction of ferricytochrome C to ferrocytochrome C. Cells were incubated in buffer without L-arg. O(2)(*-) production was measured using BAEC either untreated or treated with L-NAME or L-arg alone or following treatment with GTN (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) for 30 min or DPTA NONOate (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) alone or with GTN or DPTA NONOate after pretreatment with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), L-arg or their inactive enantiomers, D-NAME or D-arg (all 5 x 10(-4) M) (n=6 - 7/group). L-NAME alone produced a 69% reduction in O(2)(*-) levels. Treatment with L-arg alone had no effect. Cells treated with GTN alone exhibited an increase in O(2)(*-). This effect was prevented by pretreatment with either L-NAME or L-arg, and was unaffected by D-NAME or D-arg. We observed a dose-response relationship in O(2)(*-) production to GTN over a range of 10(-9) to 10(-7) M. The NO donor, DPTA-NONOate, unlike GTN, did not have a significant effect on O(2)(*-) production. In conclusion, endothelial NOS is a site of O(2)(*-) synthesis in endothelial cells activated by GTN.
Versatile methods for synthesizing organic acid salts of quaternary berberine-type alkaloids as anti-ulcerative colitis agents (2016)

Two versatile methods to synthesize kinds of organic acid salts of quaternary berberine-type alkaloids were investigated in order to determine which is more efficient to improve the liposolubility of the target compounds and to explore the efficacy of the target compounds as anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) agents. Overall evaluation according to the reaction results and yields of the final products indicated that the synthetic method using tertiary (±)-8-acylmethyldihydroberberine-type alkaloids as key intermediates is superior to that of using tertiary dihydroberberine-type alkaloids as intermediates. Ten target compounds were synthesized using quaternary berberine chloride and quaternary coptisine chloride as starting materials, respectively, and the anti-UC activity of some target compounds was evaluated in an in vitro x-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) transcriptional activity assay using dual luciferase reporter detection. At 10 μM, the tested compounds were found to activate the transcription of XBP1 target at almost the same level as that of quaternary coptisine chloride. The synthesized target compounds were also found to share higher liposolubility than the inorganic acid salts of quaternary berberine-type alkaloid.
Robust face alignment based on local texture classifiers (2005)

We propose a robust face alignment algorithm with a novel discriminative local texture model. Different from the conventional descriptive PCA local texture model in ASM, classifiers using LUT-type Haar-like features are trained from a large data set as local texture model. The strong discriminative power of the classifier greatly improves the accuracy and robustness of local searching on faces with expression variation and ambiguous contours. A Bayesian framework is configured for shape parameter optimization and the algorithm is implemented in a hierarchical structure for efficiency. Extensive experiments are reported to show its accuracy and robustness.
Dammarenediol II Esters From Cacalia atriplicifolia Seed Oil (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDammarenediol II Esters From Cacalia atriplicifolia Seed OilGayland F. SpencerCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 2, 166–168Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 April 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/np50014a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (221 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Lateral field excitation of well structures in quartz (2008)

Recently, there has been interest in the fabrication of multiple Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs) on a single substrate, to create a sensor array. The QCM's are ldquowell structuresrdquo etched on an AT-cut quartz substrate, to isolate the devices from one another. However, such devices are ultimately subject to the limitations of the QCM configuration, requiring electrodes and wires on the sensing surface of the crystal substrate. The Lateral Field Excited (LFE) sensor is a novel sensing device that only requires electrodes on the backside of the substrate. With a bare sensing surface, the LFE sensor is a better choice for implementing a sensor array. The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary results on LFE well structures in quartz, which would be the fundamental building block of an LFE sensor array. Several well structures of varying depth and diameter were etched into AT-cut quartz crystals. The transverse shear mode was successfully excited in the LFE well structure, and data on the frequency response and center frequency vs. well depth and diameter are presented.
Static Single-Assignment Form (1997)

Many dataflow analyses need to find the use-sites of each defined variable or the definition-sites of each variable used in an expression. The def-use chain is a data structure that makes this efficient: for each statement in the flow graph, the compiler can keep a list of pointers to all the use sites of variables defined there, and a list of pointers to all definition sites of the variables used there. In this way the compiler can hop quickly from use to definition to use to definition.