gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epoxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Materials with Peracetic Acid in Glacial Acetic Acid Solution (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpoxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Materials with Peracetic Acid in Glacial Acetic Acid SolutionThomas W. Findley, Daniel Swern, and John T. ScanlanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 3, 412–414Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01219a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01219a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2023Altmetric-Citations219LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prediction of the Permeability of a Fragmented Oil Shale Bed during In - Situ Retorting with Hot Gas (1976)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract The operability of in-situ oil-shale retorting has been established by retorting beds of crushed shale under lithostatic loads simulating the column loads to be encountered in practical operations. The resulting compaction practical operations. The resulting compaction and reduction in permeability were correlated to predict the final permeability behavior of an actual fragmented in-situ bed with particles averaging 6 in. in diameter. Two compaction cells, 1.25 and 5 in. in diameter, were used for the retorting experiments in which the permeability of the compacted bed was determined for average shale particle size from 0.046 to 1.0 in., shale richness from 18 to 58 gal/ton, lithostatic load from 70 to 900 psi and heating rate from 5 to 100 deg. F per hour. A correlation was developed that predicts the permeability using the lithostatic pressure, shale richness, and particle size for a shale heating rate of 10 deg. F per hour. The modified Kozeny equation was used as the theoretical basis for the correlation and the measured permeabilities could be predicted with an permeabilities could be predicted with an average error of 21 percent. Introduction The initial permeability of an in-situ bed of broken shale will be more than adequate for the injection of heating fluids, but retorting drastically reduces the permeability as a result of compaction caused by heating the oil shale under an overburden load. To estimate the permeability of the fragmented shale bed during permeability of the fragmented shale bed during retorting, the influence of shale particle size, lithostatic pressure, temperature history, and shale richness was determined by laboratory experiments. These experimental data were correlated and then extrapolated to a larger average particle size to predict the permeability of fragmented shale beds anticipated for commercial in-situ retorting. Green River oil shale from the Piceance Creek Basin in Colorado was utilized throughout these studies. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE Large-Scale Compaction Cell A simplified sectional view of the large-scale compaction cell is shown in Fig. 1. The cell is cylindrical and holds about 5,000 to 7,000 gm of crushed shale, depending upon the shale richness.
Hepatitis B virus produced by transfected Hep G2 cells causes hepatitis in chimpanzees. (1987)

We have reported that clonal cells derived from Hep G2 cells transfected with a plasmid containing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA secrete spherical and filamentous forms of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), core particles, and virions into the culture medium. Here we describe the development of typical hepatitis in two chimpanzees following intravenous inoculation with the medium in which the transfected cells had grown. The liver biopsies from these animals showed characteristic lesions in parenchyma and portal tracts, more conspicuous at an earlier time in the chimpanzee that had received a greater number of virions. The amount of HBsAg in the serum of one infected chimpanzee increased with time after the initial inoculation and then decreased concomitantly with the appearance of antibodies against HBsAg and core antigens. HBsAg remained detectable in the other animal throughout the course of the experiment. The levels of hepatitis B "e" antigen in both animals peaked at week 5, signifying the acute phase of the infection. The activities of serum enzymes that are markers for necroinflammation also increased. The hepatitis HBsAg subtype of the virions isolated from the patient whose DNA was cloned and then used for transfection of the Hep G2 cells was the same as that found in the chimpanzees. Furthermore, the restriction enzyme analysis of the viral DNA isolated from the chimpanzees was identical to the cloned DNA. Thus, HBV DNA-transfected Hep G2 cells can support the replication of virions that, in turn, produce hepatitis in chimpanzees.
Photonic transport technologies to create robust backbone networks (1999)

This article discusses the role of the new optical layer in terms of transport layer architecture and functional allocations. The envisaged future photonic network is identified, and the technologies needed to realize reliable communication are clarified. Network-node interface technologies, and network protection and restoration strategies are discussed in detail, since these are key to developing a network with high integrity that will be a main pillar of the future information society. Finally, applications of photonic network technologies and a network design example are presented; the IP backbone network based on optical path technologies is highlighted.
Über die Kondensation der Alkylguanidine mit Acetessigester usw (1908)

R. Majima: dber die Eondensation der Alkylguanidinemit Acetessigester usw.(Eingegangen am 11.
Synthesis and Friedländer Reactions of 5-Amino-4-cyano-1,3-oxazoles (2007)

The synthesis of 2-substituted 5-amino-4-cyano-1,3-oxazoles (1-4, 6-11) and the Friedlnder-type reaction of compounds 1, 3, 4 is described.
Topic change detection based on prosodic cues in unimodal setting (2012)

Speech is considered as the most dominant way for people to interact with each other. But speech cannot be merely characterized as sequence of sound units. There are some non-verbal elements, such as prosodic cues, that lend naturalness to speech. Prosodic cues such as rhythm, stress and intonation are crucial to investigate because they play an important role in human-human as well as in human-machine communication. They help to compensate many hidden meanings omitted from spoken language. The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between non-verbal acoustic cues and topic shift in unimodal setting and to show how prosodic information can be used as a signal to detect topic change within conversation.
Effects of Resveratrol on Cell Growth,Migration,and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231 (2010)

Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol on cell growth,migration,and invasion of human breast cancer cell line MDAMB-231. Methods MTT assay and soft agar colony formation assay were used to detect the effects of resveratrol on cell growth. The effects of resveratrol on cell migration and invasion were determined by Transwell migration assay and Transwell invasion assay,respectively. Results Resveratrol (25 to 200 μmol/L)inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a timeand concentration-dependent manner (P 0.01). The colony formation rate of MDA-MB-231 cells decreased with the increase in the concentrations of resveratrol. After being treated with resveratrol of 25,50,100 and 200 μmol/L for 24 hours,the invasive and migratory ability of MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly inhibited (P 0.01). Conclusion Resveratrol could inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells,and the invasive and migratory ability of MDA-MB231 cells is also inhibited by resveratrol through degrading extracellular matrix.
Model Based Control Algorithms for Robotic Assisted Beating Heart Surgery (2006)

Robotics technology promises an enhanced way of performing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In the robotic-assisted CABG surgery, surgeon performs the operation with intelligent robotic instruments controlled through teleoperation that replace conventional surgical tools. The robotic tools actively cancel the relative motion between the surgical instruments and the point-of-interest on the beating heart, in contrast to traditional off-pump CABG where the heart is passively constrained to dampen the beating motion. As a result, the surgeon operates on the heart as if it were stationary. This algorithm is called active relative motion canceling (ARMC). In this paper, the use of biological signals to achieve better motion canceling in the model-based intelligent ARMC algorithm is presented. Also, integration of arrythmia detection and handling with the ARMC algorithm is proposed in order to provide safety over the system. Finally, tracking results of combined respiratory motion and heartbeat motion on a 3-DOF robotic test-bed system are reported.
Novel protein-DNA interactions associated with increased immunoglobulin transcription in response to antigen plus interleukin-5. (1991)

Although much has been learned about basal levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) transcription, the regulatory effects of cytokines and antigen (Ag) upon Ig expression in lymphocytes have not been fully characterized. We previously reported that Ag plus interleukin-5 (IL-5) caused increased steady-state Ig mRNA levels in Ag-specific cell lines. In this study, we have identified a region between -250 and -125 bp 5' of the Ig transcription start site that is necessary for the induction of increased mu mRNA levels by Ag plus IL-5. Mobility shift and UV cross-linking studies indicated that IL-5 plus Ag induced increased protein binding to this region. Furthermore, this sequence was found to be closely related to another A + T-rich sequence at -525 bp 5' of the transcription start site. Both sequences exhibited similar B-cell-specific and inducible protein binding. Our data suggest that treatment with IL-5 plus Ag induces several DNA-binding proteins, some of which may participate in increasing Ig transcription above basal levels by binding to sequences 5' of the octamer motif.
Lattice defects in nonstoichiometric calcium hydroxylapatites. A chemical approach (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLattice defects in nonstoichiometric calcium hydroxylapatites. A chemical approachJohn L. Meyer and Bruce O. FowlerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 8, 3029–3035Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00138a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00138a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of power control strategies for soft handover in UTRA FDD WCDMA system (2002)

This paper analyzes the potential benefits of using different schemes to control base station power during soft handover for UTRA WCDMA downlink. Balanced downlink power control, used to limit control power drifting, and the site selection diversity technique (SSDT) power control are compared with hybrid power control. A hybrid scheme switches dynamically from balanced power control to site selection diversity power control to decrease the base station power during congestion. The objective is to find out whether there is any additional improvement in cellular coverage and performance using these schemes. Total base station transmission power, individual traffic channel power for each mobile station and outage time are used for comparison.
Semiconductor Gas Sensors Based on Pd/SnO2 Nanomaterials for Methane Detection in Air (2017)

Semiconductor sensors based on nanosized Pd-containing tin dioxide have been obtained by a sol-gel technique. Semiconductor gas-sensitive materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Influence of Pd additives on sensitivity of the sensors to methane has been studied. Temperature dependences of electrical resistance in air and sensor response to methane on palladium content for the sensors based on nanosized materials Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> have been investigated.
Glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage: in vivo assessment with delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging. (1997)

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of applying magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with use of an anionic compound, Gd(DTPA)2- (gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid), for measuring glycosaminoglycan concentration in human cartilage in clinical studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Penetration of Gd(DTPA)2- into cartilage was monitored through sequential T1-calculated images obtained after intraarticular (n = 2) or intravenous (n = 2) injection. T1-weighted and T1-calculated image series were then obtained in seven volunteers (nine knees) after penetration of Gd-(DTPA)2- into cartilage. If T1 was heterogeneous on Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced images, images were also obtained after penetration of the cartilage with the nonionic contrast agent, gadoteridol. RESULTS: Gd(DTPA)2- penetrated cartilage from the articular surface after intraarticular injection and from both the articular surface and the subchondral bone after intravenous injection. The latter resulted in shorter overall penetration time. T1 values on Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced images were homogeneous in four knees, but in five knees T1 differences of up to 30% were observed. These T1 differences were not seen in the presence of gadoteridol. These variations in T1 reflected about 50% variations in glycosaminoglycan. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging has potential for monitoring glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage in vivo.
Den andre persona (1999)

Den amerikanske retorikeren Edwin Black mener at retorikk er moralske handlinger som kan dømmes ut fra moralske prinsipper. Ethvert idiom forutsetter en ideologi, og enhver diskurs forutsetter en leser med en viss karakter. Black analyserer John Birch Society's bruk av metaforen 'kommunismen som kreftsvulst', og er nådeløs i sin dom over deres ­politiske retorikk. Oversatt til norsk av Lars Nyre, introduksjon ved Lisa Storm Villadsen
Adaptive random channel allocation scheme in HIPERLAN type 2 (2002)

The MAC protocol of HIPERLAN type 2 is based on TDMA/TDD and resources in one MAC frame can be allocated dynamically by the access point (AP). We propose an adaptive random channel (RCH) allocation scheme for HIPERLAN type 2. The AP scheduler controls the number of RCHs in one MAC frame according to the transmission results of the previous MAC frame. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves higher efficiency of resource and lower access delay than fixed RCHs allocation schemes.
Direct retrieval of sulfur dioxide amount and altitude from spaceborne hyperspectral UV measurements: Theory and application (2010)

We describe the physical processes by which a vertically localized absorber perturbs the top‐of‐atmosphere solar backscattered ultraviolet (UV) radiance. The distinct spectral responses to perturbations of an absorber in its column amount and layer altitude provide the basis for a practical satellite retrieval technique, the Extended Iterative Spectral Fitting (EISF) algorithm, for the simultaneous retrieval of these quantities of a SO 2 plume. In addition, the EISF retrieval provides an improved UV aerosol index for quantifying the spectral contrast of apparent scene reflectance at the bottom of atmosphere bounded by the surface and/or cloud; hence it can be used for detection of the presence or absence of UV absorbing aerosols. We study the performance and characterize the uncertainties of the EISF algorithm using synthetic backscattered UV radiances, retrievals from which can be compared with those used in the simulation. Our findings indicate that the presence of aerosols (both absorbing and nonabsorbing) does not cause large errors in EISF retrievals under most observing conditions when they are located below the SO 2 plume. The EISF retrievals assuming a homogeneous field of view can provide accurate column amounts for inhomogeneous scenes, but they always underestimate the plume altitudes. The EISF algorithm reduces systematic errors present in existing linear retrieval algorithms that use prescribed SO 2 plume heights. Applying the EISF algorithm to Ozone Monitoring Instrument satellite observations of the recent Kasatochi volcanic eruption, we demonstrate the successful retrieval of effective plume altitude of volcanic SO 2 , and we also show the improvement in accuracy in the corresponding SO 2 columns.
Ring network reliability and a faulttolerant Cambridge ring architecture (1986)

A concept to improve the resilience to failures of the Cambridge Ring network is described. The ideas conceived should be applicable to any other ring network. Reliability issues are raised, and several existing fault-tolerant techniques are briefly discussed. The Centre-Switching Ring- Star concept is then described, detailing its design, operation and problems. The star connections are only brought into use when a fault is detected. This design is based on the automatic bypassing of faulty repeaters or cable sections. Any number of failures may be tolerated. The design allows the continual operation of the network whilst a new node is being added or removed. A laboratory model has been built and successfully tested.
The Encyclopedia of Herbs, Spices, & Flavorings (1992)

Growing, drying and storing herbs edible gifts profiles - kitchen herbs, including chives, chervil, lemon balm, burnet, rosemary, tansy, herb bundles profiles - kitchen spices, including galangal, saffron, cumin, nigella, sesame seeds, tamarind, vanilla, star anise and chilli flavours of the world vegetable and fruit flavourings extracts, essences, fruit purees and sugars edible leaves, flowers, floral waters and seaweed oils, vinegars, butters and yogurts sauces, preserves, chutneys and relishes coffee, tea and spiced drinks.
End-functionalized polymers by living cationic polymerization. 1. Mono- and bifunctional poly(vinyl ethers) with terminal malonate or carboxyl groups (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnd-functionalized polymers by living cationic polymerization. 1. Mono- and bifunctional poly(vinyl ethers) with terminal malonate or carboxyl groupsMitsuo Sawamoto, Takashi Enoki, and Toshinobu HigashimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 1, 1–6Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00167a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00167a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-phase modulation in chirped-pulse amplification (1994)

The effect of self-phase modulation in chirped-pulse amplification is investigated. A numerical model is used to predict the effects of phase modulation on pulse recompression, and experimental results are presented that agree well with the calculations. We show that even moderate self-phase modulation can significantly distort the recompressed pulse after amplification, thereby reducing the peak power and degrading the pulse contrast.
Microfabrication-derived DDS: From batch to individual production. (2008)

As a result of recent advances in microfabrication technology (MFT), microparticles including microcapsules and microspheres can be prepared individually and the disadvantages of the conventional microparticles produced by batch production, i.e. (i) low loading efficiency, (ii) large size variation, and (iii) initial burst release, have been remedied. In addition, all conventional microparticles have the same structure, a spherical shape, so they have only one function, sustained release. Threelayer microcapsules (TLMCs) have been designed to address these issues. TLMCs consist of a surface layer, a drug carrying layer, and a basement layer. TLMCs have sustained release as well as adhesiveness and targeting functions. TLMCs are prepared using ink-jet printer nozzle technology. The obtained TLMCs are used for the oral delivery of peptide/protein drugs and long-term sustained-release injection preparation. In addition, self-dissolving micropiles (SDMPs) can be individually produced by MFT as a percutaneous preparation. MFT allows biopharmaceutical drugs like insulin, erythropoietin, and growth hormone to be absorbed through the skin. Thus, advances in MFT have accelerated the development of pharmaceutical technology.