gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retapamulin: what is the role of this topical antimicrobial in the treatment of bacterial infections in atopic dermatitis? (2010)

In atopic dermatitis (AD), the stratum corneum of patients appears to have alterations that predispose them to colonization and invasion by various bacteria, most notably Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This bacterial co-existence is accepted to be an important factor in AD disease activity. Exactly when to initiate antimicrobial treatment is controversial, but such intervention, when warranted, has repeatedly been demonstrated to improve the course of AD. However, the increase in antibiotic resistance presents a therapeutic challenge in the management of AD patients, which highlights the need for novel mechanism topical antibacterial agents. Retapamulin is a relatively new pleuromutilin antibiotic designed for topical use. In vitro studies have demonstrated its low potential for the development of antibacterial resistance and high degree of potency against Gram-positive bacteria found in skin infections, including many S. aureus strains that are resistant to methicillin, fusidic acid, and mupirocin. Clinical studies exploring the treatment of secondarily infected dermatitis reveal that the efficacy of topical retapamulin is comparable to a 10-day course of oral cephalexin or to topical fusidic acid. Retapamulin appears to be a much needed antimicrobial option for treating the AD population due to their common carriage of bacterial pathogens and frequency of infectious complications.
Fukushima and Ocean Radioactivity (2014)

Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 27, no. 1 (2014): 92–105, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2014.02.
Japan's ubiquitous mobile information society (2004)

Mobile communication technologies have come a long way, but they are far from completing their evolutionary path. An examination of the Japanese mobile sector, with its cutting-edge technologies, may provide a glimpse of what is to come for the rest of the world. Japan's mobile users are demanding ever more functionality, and service providers are responding. Moreover, the mobile phone is affecting social norms of behaviour and its use has become integrated within Japanese society as nowhere else. Even though the technology is developing rapidly, the case of Japan suggests that self-regulation and individual restraint can work.
Decentralized control design for large-scale linear systems in the presence of multi-layer nested saturation (2009)

This paper considers the design of decentralized controllers for large-scale linear systems subject to multi-layer nested saturation. The design of decentralized state feedback laws that result in large domains of attraction are formulated as optimization problems with LMI and BMI constraints. Numerical algorithms are developed to solve these problems.
Effects of α-Tocopherol on Carbon Tetrachloride Metabolism in Rat Liver Microsomes (1987)

alpha-tocopherol is the major lipid-soluble radical-scavenging antioxidant in rat liver. It has long been used as a putative protective agent in CCl4 induced liver injury but with variable results. We have used alpha-tocopherol loaded rat liver microsomes to study the effect of this vitamin on CCl4 metabolism in vitro. As expected, alpha-tocopherol inhibits CCl4-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation and, at a very high concentration, will inhibit the covalent binding of CCl3 to microsomal protein by up to 50%. No inhibitory effect was observed towards CCl3 production as measured by the electron spin resonance technique of spin-trapping but this apparent discrepancy may represent a limitation of the technique. The high levels required to inhibit covalent binding probably preclude the likelihood of alpha-tocopherol significantly affecting that phenomenon at endogenous concentrations but may be relevant to other experiments employing high doses of alpha-tocopherol as an experimental hepatoprotective agent.
Tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) in human and animal tumours (1976)

Extracts were made from Walker 256 carcinoma, spontaneous rat mammary adenocarcinoma, Wilms' tumour, human neuroblastoma and human haemangioma. Chromatography of the extracts on Sephadex G-100 yielded four fractions, A, B, C and D. Injection of fractions B and C resulted in the growth of new capillaries in the subcutaneous fascia or rats. Controls, e.g. similar extracts of rat liver or human kidney, did not induce neovascularisation. The endothelium of newly-formed blood vessels contained many mitotic figures. A limitation of this method is that it is qualitative only. In order to develop a quantitative in vitro assay for a tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF), short-term primary cultures were initiated from adult rat brain white matter, as cells from such cultures were shown to be vascular in origin. Addition of fractions containing TAF (B and C) which were active in vivo failed to stimulate thymidine uptake by the cells. The possible reasons for this failure and the therapeutic potential of TAF in cancer control are discussed.
Effects of delay models on peak power estimation of VLSI sequential circuits (1997)

Previous work has shown that maximum switching density at a given node is extremely sensitive to a slight change in the delay at that node. However, when estimating the peak power for the entire circuit, the powers estimated must not be as sensitive to a slight variation or inaccuracy in the assumed gate delays because computing the exact gate delays for every gate in the circuit during simulation is expensive. Thus, we would like to use the simplest delay model possible to reduce the execution time for estimating power, while making sure that it provides an accurate estimate, i.e., that the peak powers estimated will not vary due to a variation in the gate delays. Results for four delay models are reported for the ISCAS85 combinational benchmark circuits, ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits, and several synthesized circuits.
IVD: Automatic Learning and Enforcement of Authorization Rules in Online Social Networks (2017)

Authorization bugs, when present in online social networks, are usually caused by missing or incorrect authorization checks and can allow attackers to bypass the online social network's protections. Unfortunately, there is no practical way to fully guarantee that an authorization bug will never be introduced-even with good engineering practices-as a web application and its data model become more complex. Unlike other web application vulnerabilities such as XSS and CSRF, there is no practical general solution to prevent missing or incorrect authorization checks. In this paper we propose Invariant Detector (IVD), a defense-in-depth system that automatically learns authorization rules from normal data manipulation patterns and distills them into likely invariants. These invariants, usually learned during the testing or pre-release stages of new features, are then used to block any requests that may attempt to exploit bugs in the social network's authorization logic. IVD acts as an additional layer of defense, working behind the scenes, complementary to privacy frameworks and testing. We have designed and implemented IVD to handle the unique challenges posed by modern online social networks. IVD is currently running at Facebook, where it infers and evaluates daily more than 200,000 invariants from a sample of roughly 500 million client requests, and checks the resulting invariants every second against millions of writes made to a graph database containing trillions of entities. Thus far IVD has detected several high impact authorization bugs and has successfully blocked attempts to exploit them before code fixes were deployed.
Tires, Suspension and Handling, Second Edition (1996)

This book provides detailed coverage of the theory and practice of vehicle cornering and handling. Much of the material in this book is not available elsewhere, including unique information on suspension analysis, understeer/oversteer, bump steer and roll steer, roll centers, limit handling, and aerodynamics. Each chapter ends with a wide selection of problems, providing an ideal review. This book is an excellent resource for vehicle designers and engineering students who want to better understand and analyze the numerous factors affecting vehicle handling.
[Nursing care for lower rectal cancer patients undergoing anal sphincter-saving operation]. (2007)

In the past, Abdominal Perineal Resection (APR) with a permanent end-sigmoid colostomy was the major operating procedure for lower rectal cancer. Colostomy seriously affects patients' physical and psychological functions. Recently, the development of surgical devices and pre-operation adjuvant treatment combined with chemoradiotherapy have made an anal sphincter-preserving (ASP) operation possible. With these new treatment procedures, both the survival and recurrence rates are improved, as is patients' quality of life. The complications associated with ASP, however, are different from those associated with APR. There is only limited discussion of these issues in the literature on the subject. This paper synthesizes the information in the literature with the authors' personal clinical experiences. We propose several nursing interventions that could be applied by clinical nurses to assist ASP patients in coping with post-operative complications.
Simple-VPN: Simple IPsec Configuration (2010)

The IPsec protocol promised easy, ubiquitous encryption. That has never happened. For the most part, IPsec usage is confined to VPNs for road warriors, largely due to needless configuration complexity and incompatible implementations. We have designed a simple VPN configuration language that hides the unwanted complexities. Virtually no options are necessary or possible. The administrator specifies the absolute minimum of information: the authorized hosts, their operating systems, and a little about the network topology; everything else, including certificate generation, is automatic. Our implementation includes a multitarget compiler, which generates implementation-specific configuration files for three different platforms; others are easy to add.
Characterization of the energy consumption of websites: Impact of website implementation on resource consumption (2014)

This document presents the Web Energy Archive (WEA) project led by the Green Code Lab. This tools aims at measuring the computer resource consumption (energy, memory) of the loading of a website in a browser. Firstly, considering the measure of 500 websites, website behavior can be characterized in terms of environmental impact. In a second step, best practices (green patterns) can be recommended to developers but also to browser editors.
A triplex DNA-binding protein from human cells: purification and characterization. (1991)

A protein that binds to an oligonucleotide triplex, (dT)34.(dA)34.(dT)34 (TAT triplex), was purified from HeLa cells by a combination of conventional column chromatography and triplex DNA affinity chromatography. The protein has an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. Although the protein has an affinity for AT duplex and TAT triplex, a higher affinity for TAT triplex was demonstrated by comparing the elution profiles from an AT duplex and a TAT triplex affinity column. The protein has a moderate affinity for poly(dA-dG).poly(dT-dC) and a very low affinity for single-strand (dA)34 or (dT)34 and various sources of duplex DNA including poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT). The possible biological function of this triplex DNA-binding protein is discussed.
A Novel Therapy for Melanoma and Prostate Cancer Using a Non-Replicating Sendai Virus Particle (HVJ-E) (2013)

A Novel Therapy for Melanoma and Prostate Cancer Using a Non-Replicating Sendai Virus Particle (HVJ-E)
SEG/ELO material characterization using silicon bipolar transistors (2003)

In development of the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) bipolar transistor, devices were fabricated in silicon selective epitaxial growth (SEG). These devices were used to characterize electrically the quality of the SEG material. Three silicon bipolar transistors with almost identical doping profiles and geometries were simultaneously fabricated on the same wafer and their electrical characteristics compared. The three transistors were located in the substrate, a single SEG layer, and a double (interrupted growth) SEG layer. The SEG silicon was grown in a reduced pressure, RF-heated, pancake-type epitaxial reactor at 950 degrees C and 150 torr. The transistors were tested for junction ideality factors, junction reverse bias leakage currents, and forward DC current gain. Test results showed average ideality factors, leakage currents, and gains were similar for all device types, indicating the excellent device quality of the SEG material relative to the substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists--current prospects. (2007)

The isolation of substance P (SP) in 1931, and the later discovery of its preferred neurokinin (NK)1 receptor, led to an intense research effort aimed at elucidating the biological role of SP, particularly within the central nervous system. There is now a large body of evidence to support the hypothesis that SP is one of the most important neurotransmitters and neuromodulators present in the brain. Its pharmacology has been intimately linked to the pathophysiology of several relevant neurological and psychiatric disorders, namely nociception, migraine, asthma, nausea, inflammatory bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, anxiety and depression. This wide therapeutic potential triggered an unprecedented research effort, both preclinically and clinically, to identify appropriate NK1 receptor antagonists and transform them into effective drugs. To date, despite huge investments made by some of the largest pharmaceutical groups worldwide, aprepitant (MK-869, an anti-emetic agent) remains the only NK1 receptor antagonist on the market. Nevertheless, the 'NK1 receptor antagonist race' is not over, as witnessed by the significant number of patents and scientific publications claiming the discovery of new NK1 receptor antagonists issued in recent years. This review describes the most relevant results obtained in this field in the period 2005 to 2006.
Rapid Methods for Detection of Polymorphic Markers in Genomic DNA (2003)

The identification and use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (1) detected by Southern blotting (2), using known or anonymous DNA probes, has provided the means for development of genetic markers that are distributed throughout the genome and that form the basis for linkage maps (3,4). The approach used to identify new RFLPs with a given probe has been to analyze a number of genomic DNA samples from unrelated individuals, digested with a range of restriction enzymes. For example, Aldridge et al. (5) were able to detect RFLPs in five probes out of a total of 15 tested by assaying 23 restriction digests of three genomic DNA samples. This approach is inefficient, however, as it only detects sequence changes that alter the restriction sites being assayed, plus deletions or insertions that are large enough to alter restriction fragment sizes.
Follicular unit transplantation for the treatment of secondary cicatricial alopecia (2014)

Background Cicatricial alopecia encompasses a diverse group of disorders characterized by the permanent destruction of hair follicles and irreversible hair loss. Follicular unit transplantation was developed in 1994. However, large-scale clinical trials are necessary to study follicular unit transplantation for treating Chinese cicatricial alopecia patients. Objective To investigate the efficacy of follicular unit transplantation in the treatment of cicatricial alopecia in Chinese patients. Methods Patients with cicatricial alopecia were enrolled. The designated recipient area, follicular unit density of the donor site, transplanted density and operative time were recorded. Postoperative follow-up was conducted within six to 24 months; the density of hair in the recipient area was calculated using a Folliscope (Hansderma Co, USA). Patients' self-reported satisfaction and long-term complications were recorded. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled. Cicatricial alopecia was caused by burns (n=8), trauma (n=21) and plastic surgery (cleft lip and palate repair [n=8]). Burn patients had a significantly larger bald area than the other patients (P<0.01). The operative time was significantly correlated with recipient area. The longest operation was 14.5 h; the largest transplanted area was 96 cm 2 . At follow-up, the surviving follicular unit density/transplanted follicular unit density rate was 64.29% to 95.00% (mean 78.96%); the surviving/transplanted (S/T) area was 100% for 30 patients, 90% to 100% for five patients and <90% for two patients. The lowest S/T area was 82.81%. The S/T index was significantly and inversely correlated with operative time. Regarding long-term complications, two patients had postoperative epidermoid cysts that healed with local treatment. Conclusion Follicular unit transplantation is an effective method for treating cicatricial alopecia. It is relatively safe and yields satisfactory postoperative results. Extending the results of the present study to Chinese clinical practice is warranted.
Guard Cell Signal Transduction Network: Advances in Understanding Abscisic Acid, CO<sub>2</sub>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>Signaling (2010)

Stomatal pores are formed by pairs of specialized epidermal guard cells and serve as major gateways for both CO(2) influx into plants from the atmosphere and transpirational water loss of plants. Because they regulate stomatal pore apertures via integration of both endogenous hormonal stimuli and environmental signals, guard cells have been highly developed as a model system to dissect the dynamics and mechanisms of plant-cell signaling. The stress hormone ABA and elevated levels of CO(2) activate complex signaling pathways in guard cells that are mediated by kinases/phosphatases, secondary messengers, and ion channel regulation. Recent research in guard cells has led to a new hypothesis for how plants achieve specificity in intracellular calcium signaling: CO(2) and ABA enhance (prime) the calcium sensitivity of downstream calcium-signaling mechanisms. Recent progress in identification of early stomatal signaling components are reviewed here, including ABA receptors and CO(2)-binding response proteins, as well as systems approaches that advance our understanding of guard cell-signaling mechanisms.
Sudden Natural Deaths Associated with Commercial Air Travel (1986)

A study of the causes of sudden natural deaths associated with commercial air travel, during the period February 1979 to January 1982 at the world's busiest international airport (Heathrow, London) was undertaken. Amongst long-distance passengers, fatal pulmonary embolism caused 18 per cent of deaths, 81.8 per cent occurring amongst females.
A digital fast correlation approach to produce SEASAT SAR imagery (1980)

This paper describes a digital processing algorithm and its associated system design for producing images from SEASAT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The proposed system uses the fast Fourier transform approach to perform the two-dimensional correlation process. The range migration problem, which is often a major obstacle to efficient processing, can be alleviated by approximating the locus of echoes from a point target by several linear segments. SAR data corresponding to each segment is correlated separately, and the results are coherently summed to produce full-resolution images. This processing approach exhibits high computation efficiency and simple processing control functions. It is particularly attractive for software implementation based on general purpose computer. Results of this implementation and examples of digitally correlated SEASAT SAR imagery are discussed
Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles and Imidazoles Using Scandium Triflate as a Catalyst for Both a Ring Closing and an Oxidation Steps (2004)

2-Aminobenzenethiol and an aryl aldehyde were allowed to react to give a 2-arylbenzothiazole in good yield in the presence of a catalytic amount of scandium triflate Sc(OTf) 3 .The detailed study showed that Sc(OTf) 3 catalyzed two steps, that is, the formation of a thiazoline ring and the oxidation of the thiazoline to a thiazole ring.This is the first example that scandium(III) ion catalyzed oxidation of an organic compound using molecular oxygen as an oxidant.The reaction was applied to o-phenylenediamine and an aryl aldehyde to give corresponding 2-arylbenzimidazole in moderate to good yields depending upon the structure of aldehyde.
Manipulating and Monitoring On-Surface Biological Reactions by Light-Triggered Local pH Alterations (2015)

Significant research efforts have been dedicated to the integration of biological species with electronic elements to yield smart bioelectronic devices. The integration of DNA, proteins, and whole living cells and tissues with electronic devices has been developed into numerous intriguing applications. In particular, the quantitative detection of biological species and monitoring of biological processes are both critical to numerous areas of medical and life sciences. Nevertheless, most current approaches merely focus on the "monitoring" of chemical processes taking place on the sensing surfaces, and little efforts have been invested in the conception of sensitive devices that can simultaneously "control" and "monitor" chemical and biological reactions by the application of on-surface reversible stimuli. Here, we demonstrate the light-controlled fine modulation of surface pH by the use of photoactive molecularly modified nanomaterials. Through the use of nanowire-based FET devices, we showed the capability of modulating the on-surface pH, by intensity-controlled light stimulus. This allowed us simultaneously and locally to control and monitor pH-sensitive biological reactions on the nanodevices surfaces, such as the local activation and inhibition of proteolytic enzymatic processes, as well as dissociation of antigen-antibody binding interactions. The demonstrated capability of locally modulating the on-surface effective pH, by a light stimuli, may be further applied in the local control of on-surface DNA hybridization/dehybridization processes, activation or inhibition of living cells processes, local switching of cellular function, local photoactivation of neuronal networks with single cell resolution and so forth.