gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Monolithic integration of GaAs optoelectronic devices using thermal oxide isolation (TOI)</title> (1997)

A novel integration method is described that relies on the thermal oxidation of AlAs to form a buried current blocking layer. This integration technology, called thermal oxidation isolation (TOI), is an extension of recent work involving oxidized VCSELs. However, in addition to incorporating a conventional thermal oxide current aperture to define VCSEL active regions, a buried oxide layer is also used to provide inter-device isolation. As a demonstration of this concept, a GaAs MESFET and resonant cavity LED are integrated and characterized. The buried oxide layer is situated under the FET channel such that the transistor is effectively stacked on top of the LED. The oxide layer is also used to form a current aperture in the LED and directs current flow vertically through this device. Solid-source MBE is used to grow the device layers on a p-type GaAs substrate. The epitaxial structure consists of a p-type bottom mirror consisting of 24.5 pairs of alternating AlAs and GaAs quarter-wave layers, an undoped one-wave active region containing 3 multiplied by 80 angstrom InGaAs quantum wells and a single n-type AlAs/GaAs top mirror period. The fabrication sequence, described in some detail, is straightforward. A wet etch is used to define one mesa for the LED and a second for the MESFET. The top AlAs layer, exposed at the mesa periphery by this etch, is oxidized at 410 degrees. Celsius in a steam ambient to form the current- guiding regions. A conventional MESFET fabrication sequence is then used to complete the transistor and form the LED cathode (which is connected to the FET drain). A back contact is then deposited to form the LED anode. In all, five mask levels are used to fabricate the integrated FET/LED (or VCSEL) structure. Functionality of these prototype devices is demonstrated by dc and modulation measurements. The MESFET gate length and width are 3 micrometer and 100 micrometer, respectively. The transistor operated in the depletion mode with a typical Idss of 8 mA and a maximum transconductance of 35 mS/mm. The LED wavelength is about 990 nm and has output power in the (mu) W range when driven by the MESFET.
Living and Searching in the World: Object-Based State Estimation for Mobile Robots (2014)

Mobile-manipulation robots performing service tasks in human-centric indoor environments has long been a dream for developers of autonomous agents. Tasks such as cooking and cleaning require interaction with the environment, hence robots need to know relevant aspects of their spatial surroundings. However, unlike the structured settings that industrial robots operate in, service robots typically have little prior information about their environment. Even if this information was given, due to the involvement of many other agents (e.g., humans moving objects), uncertainty in the complete state of the world is inevitable over time. Additionally, most information about the world is irrelevant to any particular task at hand. Mobile manipulation robots therefore need to continuously perform the task of state estimation, using perceptual information to maintain the state, and its uncertainty, of task-relevant aspects of the world. Because indoor tasks frequently require the use of objects, objects should be given critical emphasis in spatial representations for service robots. Compared to occupancy grids and feature-based maps often used in navigation and SLAM, object-based representations are arguably still in their infancy. In my thesis, I propose a representation framework based on objects, their 'semantic' attributes, and their geometric realizations in the physical world.
High-Efficiency Light Valve Projectors and High-Efficiency Laser Light Sources (1997)

The optical efficiency of an active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) light valve projector is determined by the optical design, the method of modulation, and the efficiency of the light source. This paper describes a new projector with an efficient modulation technique, which can employ unpolarized light by using a unique diffraction grating formed in a liquid crystal panel. The technique uses a Schlieren optical system and has been tested with xenon arcs, metal halide arcs, and efficient solid-state laser light sources. The optical system reduces laser speckle significantly when highly coherent laser sources are used. All source combinations exceeded 3 lm/W for white light projection performance, and the experimental results of the combinations are discussed. This modulation technique obtains a high contrast ratio with smaller panels than can be achieved with rotation-of-polarization light valve projectors.
A new filter structure for the implementation of certain classes of image processing operations (1988)

A filter structure is proposed and used to implement nonlinear filters for image processing. The structure is very general and encompasses various classes of nonlinear filters (median filters, order statistic filters, nonlinear statistic filters, homomorphic filters, morphologic filters) and edge detectors (range edge detectors, dispersion edge detectors). It is also used to implement pattern recognition algorithms. The computational complexity of the filter structure is studied, and a VLSI implementation is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blood and tissue neuroendocrine tumor gene cluster analysis correlate, define hallmarks and predict disease status (2015)

A multianalyte algorithmic assay (MAAA) identifies circulating neuroendocrine tumor (NET) transcripts (n=51) with a sensitivity/specificity of 98%/97%. We evaluated whether blood measurements correlated with tumor tissue transcript analysis. The latter were segregated into gene clusters (GC) that defined clinical 'hallmarks' of neoplasia. A MAAA/cluster integrated algorithm (CIA) was developed as a predictive activity index to define tumor behavior and outcome. We evaluated three groups. Group 1: publically available NET transcriptome databases (n=15; GeneProfiler). Group 2: prospectively collected tumors and matched blood samples (n=22; qRT-PCR). Group 3: prospective clinical blood samples, n=159: stable disease (SD): n=111 and progressive disease (PD): n=48. Regulatory network analysis, linear modeling, principal component analysis (PCA), and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to delineate neoplasia 'hallmarks' and assess GC predictive utility. Our results demonstrated: group 1: NET transcriptomes identified (92%) genes elevated. Group 2: 98% genes elevated by qPCR (fold change >2, P<0.05). Correlation analysis of matched blood/tumor was highly significant (R(2)=0.7, P<0.0001), and 58% of genes defined nine omic clusters (SSTRome, proliferome, signalome, metabolome, secretome, epigenome, plurome, and apoptome). Group 3: six clusters (SSTRome, proliferome, metabolome, secretome, epigenome, and plurome) differentiated SD from PD (area under the curve (AUC)=0.81). Integration with blood-algorithm amplified the AUC to 0.92±0.02 for differentiating PD and SD. The CIA defined a significantly lower SD score (34.1±2.6%) than in PD (84±2.8%, P<0.0001). In conclusion, circulating transcripts measurements reflect NET tissue values. Integration of biologically relevant GC differentiate SD from PD. Combination of GC data with the blood-algorithm predicted disease status in >92%. Blood transcript measurement predicts NET activity.
J. P. Collier's Fabrications (1950)

Journal Article J. P. Collier's Fabrications Get access Sydney Race Sydney Race Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CXCV, Issue aug05, 5 August 1950, Pages 345–346, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CXCV.aug05.345 Published: 05 August 1950
Introduction (2000)

Abstract This chapter introduces Alexis de Tocqueville, one of the most topical and debated figures in contemporary political and social theory. It briefly examines his ideas on broad topics on sociology, democracy and politics. It suggests the ability of his texts to evoke intellectual debate through hypothetical models of social and political action. It presents an outline of the topics presented in the book and then comments on the unusual way in which Tocqueville presents his moral concerns.
Cardiovascular Effects of Endogenous Opiate Systems (1983)

Opiates are among the oldest pharmacological substances known to man; their analgesic, euphoric, and addictive effects have been traditional focal points for opiate research. Without doubt, the cardiovascular effects of opiates have also been apparent to the user or abuser of opiate substances for several centuries. Persons seeking analgesic, euphoric, or antidiarrheal actions from opiate alkaloids have probably noted dizziness upon sudden st,anding due to the orthostatic hypotension these substances produce. His­ torically, however, scientific study on the cardiovascular responses to ad­ ministered opiates has lagged behind other areas of opiate research. This is understandable as, relative to doses required for their analgesic actions in humans, the cardiovascular effects of opiates are less noticeable and, indeed, undesirable. Early studies established that cardiovascular responses to morphine var­ ied among species; both autonomic and histamine-releasing properties con­ tributed to their hypotensive and bradycardic actions (1-5). Generally speaking, morphine was shown to produce prominent effects upon brain­ stem and hypothalamic centers that resulted in increased parasympathetic and decreased sympathetic tone (3-6). These effects upon autonomic out­ flow caused a depression of both heart rate and blood pressure. A resurgence of interest in opiate-cardiovascular interactions followed the discovery of endogenous opiate systems (for review see 7). A family of opioid peptides were found to be located at sites suggesting an autonomic action (8); also, opiate receptors were shown to be densely distributed in the brainstem and hypothalamus in close proximity to cardiovascular centers as well as endogenous opiate pathways (9, to). These anatomical findings
Systematic study of structural, electronic, and optical properties of atomic-scale defects in the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mo</mml:mi></mml:math>, W;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi></mml:math>, Se, Te) (2015)

In this work, we have systematically studied structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of atomic-scale defects in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides $M{X}_{2}$ ($M = \mathrm{Mo}$ and W; $X = \mathrm{S}$, Se, and Te) by density functional theory. Various types of defects, e.g., $X$ vacancy, $X$ interstitial, $M$ vacancy, $M$ interstitial, and $MX$ and $XX$ double vacancies, have been considered. It has been found that the $X$ interstitial has the lowest formation energy ($\ensuremath{\sim}1$ eV) for all the systems in the $X$-rich condition, whereas for the $M$-rich condition, $X$ vacancy has the lowest formation energy except for $M{\text{Te}}_{2}$ systems. Both these defects have very high equilibrium defect concentrations at growth temperatures (1000--1200 K) reported in literature. A pair of defects, e.g., two $X$ vacancies or one $M$ and one $X$ vacancies, tend to occupy the nearest possible distance. No trace of magnetism has been found for any one of the defects considered. Apart from $X$ interstitial, all other defects have defect states appearing in the band gap, which can greatly affect the electronic and optical properties of the pristine systems. Our calculated optical properties show that the defect states cause optical transitions at $\ensuremath{\sim}1.0$ eV, which can be beneficial for light emitting devices. The results of our systematic study are expected to guide the experimental nanoengineering of defects to achieve suitable properties related to band gap modifications and characterization of defect fingerprints via optical absorption measurements.
<i>In vivo</i> proliferation and cell cycle kinetics of long-term self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (1999)

A rare set of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) must undergo a massive expansion to produce mature blood cells. The phenotypic isolation of HSC from mice offers the opportunity to determine directly their proliferation kinetics. We analyzed the proliferation and cell cycle kinetics of long-term self-renewing HSC (LT-HSC) in normal adult mice. At any one time, approximately 5% of LT-HSC were in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle and another 20% were in G1 phase. BrdUrd incorporation was used to determine the rate at which different cohorts of HSC entered the cell cycle over time. About 50% of LT-HSC incorporated BrdUrd by 6 days and >90% incorporated BrdUrd by 30 days. By 6 months, 99% of LT-HSC had incorporated BrdUrd. We calculated that approximately 8% of LT-HSC asynchronously entered the cell cycle per day. Nested reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed cyclin D2 expression in a high proportion of LT-HSC. Although approximately 75% of LT-HSC are quiescent in G0 at any one time, all HSC are recruited into cycle regularly such that 99% of LT-HSC divide on average every 57 days.
Photocrosslinkers illuminate interactions in living cells (2008)

Transient and low-affinity interactions among macromolecules underlie many physiological events. Often, these interactions are difficult to study because they are not maintained when the participating molecules are removed from their cellular context. To circumvent this challenge, crosslinking reagents can be used to introduce covalent bonds between interacting macromolecules. Photoactivatable crosslinkers are particularly attractive because they allow crosslinking to proceed in time- and location-specific ways. Once the interacting partners have been crosslinked, they can be isolated and then analyzed by mass spectrometry or other analytical techniques to determine the identity of the interacting molecules and to pinpoint the interacting regions. This review highlights recent methodological developments that make it possible to introduce photocrosslinking groups into polypeptides or glycans as they are synthesized in cells. We also describe how these methods offer a non-invasive way to study macromolecular interactions in a native context.
Nasopharyngeal-Associated Lymphoreticular Tissue (NALT) Immunity: Fimbriae-Specific Th1 and Th2 Cell-Regulated IgA Responses for the Inhibition of Bacterial Attachment to Epithelial Cells and Subsequent Inflammatory Cytokine Production (1999)

To investigate the antibacterial activity of mucosal Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced nasally and orally, mice were immunized with mucosal vaccine containing fimbrial protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a causative agent for a destructive chronic inflammation in the periodontium, and cholera toxin (CT) as mucosal adjuvant. Nasal vaccine containing low doses of fimbriae (10 micrograms) and CT (1 microgram) induced Ag-specific Th1/Th2-type response in CD4+ T cells in mucosal effector tissues, including nasal passage and submandibular glands, which accounted for the generation of Ag-specific IgA-producing cells. In contrast, oral immunization required higher amounts of fimbriae and CT for the induction of Ag-specific IgA responses. Fimbriae-specific IgA mAbs generated from submandibular glands of nasally immunized mice inhibited P. gingivalis attachment to and reduced subsequent inflammatory cytokine production from epithelial cells. These findings suggest that nasal vaccination is an effective immunization regimen for the induction of Ag-specific Th1 and Th2 cell-driven IgA immune responses that possess the ability to inhibit bacterial attachment to epithelial cells and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production.
Control of discrete event systems modeled as hierarchical state machines (2002)

The authors examine a class of discrete event systems (DESs) modeled as asynchronous hierarchical state machines (AHSMs). For this class of DESs, they provide an efficient method for testing reachability, which is an essential step in many control synthesis procedures. This method utilizes the asynchronous nature and hierarchical structure of AHSMs, thereby illustrating the advantage of the AHSM representation as compared with its equivalent (flat) state machine representation. An application of the method is presented where an online minimally restrictive solution is proposed for the problem of maintaining a controlled AHSM within prescribed legal bounds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NKX2-3 and IRGM variants are associated with disease susceptibility to IBD in Eastern European patients (2010)

NKX2-3 and IRGM are susceptibility loci for IBD in Eastern European patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the reported phenotype-genotype associations.
Montmorillonite Cracking Catalyst (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMontmorillonite Cracking CatalystAlexander GrenallCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 11, 2148–2151Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50467a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50467a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Novel tunable twin-guide lasers with a carrier-control tuning layer (1993)

A tunable twin-guide laser diode (TTGLD) is one of the most attractive laser diodes, in terms of smooth wavelength tunability with wide tuning range.1 The major problem with TTGLD’s is the simultaneous loss increase in the tuning layer associated with tuning current increase, which results in limited wavelength tunability. In this paper we demonstrate a novel TTGLD with a carrier-controlled tuning layer (InGaAsP SCH-MQW structure), where the refractive-index change and the loss increase are separately controlled. The increase in optical absorption loss associated with refractive-index change was suppressed by a factor of 3 compared with that for bulk-tuning-layer devices.
A Study on High Tungsten Alloys for Anvil Applications (1998)

The anvil materials for hot upset applications are reviewed in the present paper,and an emphasis is put on processing parameters, the compositions and key properties of the highTungsten alloys for anvil application. The resultS show that the alloys have high red hardness, i.e.198HV at 500℃ and 168HV at 800t for W232 alloys. Therefore, W253 and W232 alloys aresuitable for fabricating air exhaust valve, while W153 and W132 for air inlet valve. Tear lifespanis 10 ～ 30 times longer than that of Cu-W80, and the rate of finished products increases from58 % to 98 %.
Text-Dependent speaker verification using recurrent time delay neural networks for feature extraction (2002)

The possible application of time delay neural network (TDNN) to the text-dependent speaker verification problem is described and evaluated. Each person to be verified has a personalized neural network, which is trained to extract representative feature vector of the speaker by a particular utterance. A novel model called recurrent time delay neural networks is investigated. The training is carried out by backpropagation for sequence (BPS)-a variant of the BP algorithm. The modified structure is shown to outperform both a multilayer perceptron classifier and the original TDNN for feature extraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A photoluminescence study of fullerenes: total luminescence spectroscopy of C60 and C70 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA photoluminescence study of fullerenes: total luminescence spectroscopy of C60 and C70Krystyna Palewska, Juliusz Sworakowski, Henryk Chojnacki, Erich C. Meister, and Urs P. WildCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 47, 12167–12172Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100149a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100149a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views741Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts