gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The relationship between gestational weeks and fetal breathing movements in each pattern of the fetal heart rate]. (1989)

Fetal breathing movement (FBM) was analysed in each fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern and the gestational 2 weeks. FHR pattern was divided in automated FHR analysis into 3 groups; active, intermediate and resting patterns. The patients consisted of 102 pregnant women at 30-41 weeks, including 13 complicated pregnancies. 1) The active pattern percentage was 52.7% at 32-33 weeks and it decreased gradually. That of the resting pattern was 25.5% at 32-33 weeks and it increased gradually. 2) The percentages of positive FBM in the active pattern were significantly larger than those in the resting pattern in each 2 weeks. 3) The duration of continuous FBM ranged from 3 to 202 sec. FBM of long duration tended to exist in the resting pattern rather than in the active pattern. 4) The percent time ratio of FBM ranged from 1.0 to 92.7% and showed no definite relationship with the FHR patterns or gestational weeks. 5) The FBM rates in each FHR pattern showed no significant differences. Their sequential differences after 36 weeks were significant; that is, FBM in the resting pattern was more regular than that in the active pattern. 6) In high risk pregnancy, the resting pattern percentage was 52.3% and the ratio of positive FBM in the resting pattern was significantly smaller than that in active pattern.
A Multiwire Proportional Chamber for Imaging Thermal, Epicadmium, and Fast Neutrons (1974)

The 25 cm × 25 cm chamber described images thermal and epicadmium neutron beams using two boron-coated conversion screens, and fast neutrons using a single polyethylene converter. Sample images and quantitative attenuation and resolution data are presented. Measurements of neutron attenuation in lucite patterns give good agreement with expected values for thermal, epicadmium, and fast (Pu-Be) beams. The measured mean free paths were 0.30, 0.81, and 5.8 cm, respectively. Thermal neutron resolution (0.2 cm) depends upon α-particle range, but resolution for fast neutrons (0.4 cm) appears to be limited by chamber thickness (to approximately one-half of the chamber thickness). Measurements involving digital image storage and manipulation are also described and illustrated.
Optical interconnects in parallel computer RWC-1 (2003)

Massively parallel computers require an extremely high throughput and a high flexibility in the layout of nodes, boards and cabinets. Optical-fiber transmission is suitable for the inter-node connection in these computer systems because fiber-optics features large throughput, low loss, light weight, compactness, and immunity to electro-magnetic interference (EMI). To confirm the feasibility of interconnection with fiber-optics, we have built two prototype systems: (1) RWC-1/H which uses 36-bit parallel optical interconnection and, (2) RWC-1/N which has calibration free multiplex-demultiplexed optical interconnection, as derivatives of the massively parallel computer RWC-1.
Controlled Electrophoretic Patterning of Polyaniline from a Colloidal Suspension (2005)

We present a method for controlled deposition of polyaniline from colloidal suspensions. Stable suspensions of polyaniline colloids (approximately 115 nm in diameter) were formed by dispersing polyaniline/formic acid solution into acetonitrile. It was demonstrated that the positively charged polyaniline colloids can be electrophoretically deposited onto various substrate materials such as platinum and ITO, forming continuous ultrathin films. We examined the film morphology, as well as the effects of process parameters, such as deposition time, colloid concentration, and applied voltage, on the deposition efficiency. Furthermore, the efficacy of the technique was illustrated by electrophoretically patterning polyaniline thin films onto selected individual micrometer-scale sensing elements within a microfabricated sensor array, and by further demonstrating its sensitivity to gaseous analytes including water and methanol.
Total Quality Improvement in the Classroom (1996)

Abstract This paper is a case study of the application of total quality improvement (TQI) to an undergraduate economics course to promote learning outcomes. Though there is world‐wide discourse on quality in higher education, infusing TQI into instruction has received little attention. Most of the quality movement in higher education focuses on improving management. The challenge for a lecturer is to use TQI to help students develop their potential. TQI in teaching has three major principles: 1. customer focus, represented by the learning outcomes (competences); 2. student involvement, represented by team research projects to create knowledge; and 3. continuous improvement, represented by evaluations of the course and teaching carried out by a student team. While some attention goes to the team activities, we concentrate on the development of multiple evaluations to assess the effectiveness of the exercise. The evaluations indicate strong student satisfaction with the TQI‐orientation of the course, with suggestions for improvement.
Thrust Augmentation and Vortex Ring Evolution in a Fully-Pulsed Jet (2005)

The time-averaged thrust of an incompressible fully pulsed jet containing a period of no flow between pulses is\nstudied experimentally as a function of pulsing duty cycle Sr_L and the ratio of the ejected slug length (per pulse) to\nthe jet diameter L/D. The parameter ranges investigated were 2≤L/D≤6 and 0.1≤Sr_L≤0.98. Significant thrust\naugmentation by pulsing was observed over the entire parameter range tested, both in terms of thrust compared to\nan equivalent steady jet with identical mass flux, denoted F_(SJ) >1, and in terms of thrust compared to an equivalent\nintermittent jet where vortex ring formation by pulsation was ignored, denoted F_(IJ) >1. F_(SJ) as high as 1.90 (90%\nthrust augmentation) was observed for the smaller L/D as Sr_L approached 1.0 (with larger F_(SJ) at lower Sr_L). The\nF_(IJ) results, which directly measured overpressure at the nozzle exit plane developed during vortex ring formation as\nthe mechanism responsible for thrust augmentation, showed reduced augmentation at large L/D and Sr_L. The L/D\ndependence of F_(IJ) parallels single-pulse (Sr_L =0) results previously studied by the authors. The Sr_L dependence of\nF_(IJ) was linked to the interaction of forming vortex rings with vorticity from preceding pulses using digital particle\nimage velocimetry (DPIV) measurements of the vorticity field. DPIV also revealed that the vortex rings tended to\nwander off axis and disintegrate as Sr_L became sufficiently large.
Spontaneous development of synovitis and cartilage degeneration in transgenic mice overexpressing cathepsin K (2005)

Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of the cathepsin K gene under its own promoter in transgenic mice makes them susceptible to progressive synovitis, which, upon aging, results in synovial hyperplasia and fibrosis and subsequent destruction of articular cartilage and bone.
Fernand Grenard. Grandeur et décadence de l'Asie. L'avènement de l'Asie (1940)

Lévy Roger. Fernand Grenard. Grandeur et décadence de l'Asie. L'avènement de l'Asie. In: Politique étrangère, n°2 - 1940 - 5ᵉannée. pp. 180-181.
The effect of dehydration on quantitative light‐induced fluorescence analysis of early enamel demineralization (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hydration [distilled water (DH2O) and saliva] on lesions of varying severity and determine an optimal drying method to obtain reliable quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) readings. Ten previously extracted molars were placed into a demineralizing solution for 7, 14 and 21 days. Between each demineralizing cycle the teeth were removed. To test for in vitro reliability the teeth were rinsed in DH2O for 1 min and then QLF images were taken every 10 s (control cycle with no drying employed - bench drying only). This was repeated following (i). compressed air drying for 30 s or 15 s and (ii). 30 s cotton wool roll application (CWR). To test for in vivo reliability the experiment was repeated using whole human saliva in place of DH2O. Control groups demonstrated the effect of hydration on QLF reliability; at 7 days reliable results were obtained after 370.4 s (DH2O) and 432.3 s (saliva). Air drying of both DH2O and saliva-rinsed teeth reduced reliability time to 2.1 (+/-6.0) and 3.2 s (+/-7.6), respectively. Cotton wool roll application produced reliable results in 89 s with DH2O and 110 s with saliva. As lesion severity increased [14 days mean deltaQ 115 (+/-90.2), 21 days mean deltaQ 168.0 (+/-120.7)] time to reach reliability significantly increased under control drying and CWR (P > 0.05). Time taken for compressed air-dried teeth to produce reliable results was not significantly different across the groups. Compressed air-drying for 15 s produces reliable results with both DH2O and saliva-hydrated lesions. Future in vivo experiments will be required to determine if the air-drying can be reduced further in a clinical situation.
Noble‐Metal Nanotubes (Pt, Pd, Ag) from Lyotropic Mixed‐Surfactant Liquid‐Crystal Templates (2003)

Platin-, Palladium- und Silber-Nanoröhren mit 6–7 nm Außendurchmesser wurden in einer Templatsynthese durch Reduktion der Metallsalze erhalten (siehe Bild). Die als Templat fungierenden Flüssigkristalle wurden durch 1:1-Kombination von mittleren und großen Tensidmolekülen zu hexagonal angeordneten zylindrischen Micellen hergestellt.
Quantitative Studies of the Rh<sub>o</sub>(D) Antigenic Determinants on Gorilla Erythrocytes (1971)

Human and simian red blood cells were tested for 125 I anti‐D binding at equilibrium and for their ability to adsorb 125 I anti‐D. On the basis of the equilibrium quantity of red blood cell‐bound anti‐D at different ionic strengths, the rate of binding of anti‐D, and adsorption studies, evidence has been obtained that D‐antigenic specificities occur on the erythrocytes of orangutans ( Pongo pygmaeus ), chimpanzees ( Pan troglocytes ) and gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla ). Gorillas, like chimpanzees, appear to be polymorphic with respect to the presence of D‐components on their erythrocytes. Individual animals have been found whose red blood cells take up very little anti‐D and are similar to human D‐negative cells. The quantity of anti‐D bound at equilibrium, as a fraction of that bound to human D‐positive red blood cells was: for gorillas 0.6 to 4.0; for chimpanzees 0.08 to 0.51; for orangutans 0.06 to 0.09, and for human D u red blood cells 0.04. At low ionic strength there was almost a twofold increase in anti‐D binding. At low ionic strength, the adsorbing capacities of these erythrocytes, as compared to a human D‐positive cell, were: orangutans 10 to 20 per cent; chimpanzees about 50 per cent; human D u 86 per cent; and gorillas 97 per cent. Evidence is presented to indicate that the discrepancy between adsorbing capacity and the binding of anti‐D at equilibrium, for D u and simian erythrocytes, is due to absence of some of the D‐antigenic components found on human D‐positive red blood cells.
Electrochromism of Highly Doped Nanocrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub>:Sb (2000)

The electrochromic effect of layers of nanocrystalline tin dioxide highly doped with antimony has been investigated in detail, using chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, potential-dependent IR spectroscopy and UV−vis spectroscopy. It is shown that two different mechanisms are responsible for the color changes observed upon negative polarization of porous SnO2:Sb nanocrystal layers. Injection of electrons via the back contact increases the plasma absorption of the material, which has its maximum intensity in the near-infrared region. This increase is accompanied by a strong increase of the electrical conductivity of the layer, indicating that the grain boundary potentials of the nanoparticle layer decrease at negative potentials applied. In the presence of small ions such as Li+ or in protic electrolytes such as water, insertion of Li+ and H+ takes place, resulting in an additional color change mainly in the visible. The rate of the color changes is mainly determined by the conductivity of the substrate. Very fast coloration and decoloration is observed (t1/2 < 10 ms) if the particle layer is deposited onto highly conductive substrates such as platinum.
Growth factor synergism and antagonism in early neural crest development (1998)

This review article focuses on data that reveal the importance of synergistic and antagonistic effects in growth factor action during the early phases of neural crest development. Growth factors act in concert in different cell lineages and in several aspects of neural crest cell development, including survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a survival factor for the neural crest stem cell. Its action is neutralized by neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) through apoptotic cell death. In contrast, SCF alone does not support the survival of melanogenic cells (pigment cell precursors). They require the additional presence of a neurotrophin (NGF, BDNF, or NT-3). Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is an important promoter of proliferation in neuronal progenitor cells. In neural crest cells, fibroblast growth factor treatment alone does not lead to cell expansion but also requires the presence of a neurotrophin. The proliferative stimulus of the fibroblast growth factor - neurotrophin combination is antagonized by transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1). Moreover, TGFbeta-1 promotes the concomitant expression of neuronal markers from two cell lineages, sympathetic neurons and primary sensory neurons, indicating that it acts on a pluripotent neuronal progenitor cell. Moreover, the combination of FGF-2 and NT3, but not other neurotrophins, promotes expression or activation of one of the earliest markers expressed by presumptive sympathetic neuroblasts, the norepinephrine transporter. Taken together, these data emphasize the importance of the concerted action of growth factors in neural crest development at different levels and in several cell lineages. The underlying mechanisms involve growth-factor-induced dependence of the cells on other factors and susceptibility to growth-factor-mediated apoptosis.
L2C -- Learning to Learn to Compress (2024)

In this paper we present an end-to-end meta-learned system for image compression. Traditional machine learning based approaches to image compression train one or more neural network for generalization performance. However, at inference time, the encoder or the latent tensor output by the encoder can be optimized for each test image. This optimization can be regarded as a form of adaptation or benevolent overfitting to the input content. In order to reduce the gap between training and inference conditions, we propose a new training paradigm for learned image compression, which is based on meta-learning. In a first phase, the neural networks are trained normally. In a second phase, the Model-Agnostic Meta-learning approach is adapted to the specific case of image compression, where the inner-loop performs latent tensor overfitting, and the outer loop updates both encoder and decoder neural networks based on the overfitting performance. Furthermore, after meta-learning, we propose to overfit and cluster the bias terms of the decoder on training image patches, so that at inference time the optimal content-specific bias terms can be selected at encoder-side. Finally, we propose a new probability model for lossless compression, which combines concepts from both multi-scale and super-resolution probability model approaches. We show the benefits of all our proposed ideas via carefully designed experiments.
A Parametric Multidimensional Unfolding Procedure for Incomplete Nonmetric Preference/Choice Set Data in Marketing Research (1997)

Multidimensional unfolding (MDU) is one of the most powerful conceptual and methodological tools used in marketing for product positioning analysis. Unfortunately, the majority of the commercial software programs available for performing such analyses (especially nonmetric analyses) suffer from serious limitations including degenerate solutions, interpretation difficulties, lack of supporting statistical inference and model selection procedures, excessive number of parameters to estimate, requirements of full data sets, and difficulties with local optima. The authors propose a new parametric approach to nonmetric unfolding (PARFOLD) to extend methodological developments in the econometrics and marketing science arenas. The authors develop the technical aspects of the proposed procedure, including options for accommodating incomplete rank orders, constraints, and reparameterizations. Two marketing-related applications are provided: one deals with preferences for snack food items involving complete rank orders, and the second involves incomplete data in which students rank order Master of Business Administration schools in their consideration/application sets. Comparisons are made with existing nonmetric MDU procedures including ALSCAL, PREFMAP, and KYST with respect to several newly proposed diagnostic indices of solution degeneracy and positioning implications. Finally, the authors summarize limitations of the proposed model and offer directions for further research.
Advanced Wireless Multiuser Video Streaming Using the Scalable Video Coding Extensions of H.264/MPEG4-AVC (2006)

We propose a dynamic sharing of radio resources in a wireless multiuser system by combining a flexible video coding scheme, namely the currently developed scalable video coding (SVC) extension of H.264/AVC with appropriate radio link buffer management for multiuser streaming services. The paper introduces the components of the proposed system and the used cross-layer interface. Simulation results verify the benefits of our approach. 1.
Magnetic nanoparticles: Properties and potential applications (2006)

Abstract Magnetic particles may be used to selectively attach and manipulate or transport targeted species to a desired location under the influence of an external magnetic field. By virtue of their size, magnetic nanoparticles are superparamagnetic, offering great potential in a variety of applications in their bare form or through coating with a surface coating and functional group chosen for a specific application. In this paper, and in order to illustrate this concept, three applications for the use of magnetic nanoparticles will be discussed, namely, in magnetic liquids for densimetric separation, in therapeutic and diagnostic testing, and in effluent processing and metal ion removal.
Alzheimer's and Non-Alzheimer's Dementia: A Critical Review of Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Strategies (2008)

Currently evaluated and accepted medications only bring about a reduction in the deteriorating course. A combination of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial management is the need of the hour.
Identification and characterization of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP proteases in human synovial fluid. (1996)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in human synovial fluid play an important role in maintaining articular cartilage metabolism. In this study we measured the concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 in normal human synovial fluid by RIA and characterized the IGFBPs by Western ligand blot (WLB), Western immunoblot, and immunoprecipitation. We also extended the study and compared normal synovial fluid to synovial fluids from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 in normal synovial fluid were 19 +/- 3 (mean +/- SE), 194 +/- 14, and 349 +/- 65 ng/mL, respectively. In synovial fluid of patients with OA, IGF-I levels were elevated, whereas IGF-II was decreased, and the IGFBP-3 level was similar to the control value. In patients with RA, both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were elevated, whereas IGF-II remained unchanged. WLB and immunoprecipitation of normal synovial fluid revealed IGFBP-1 (26-29 kDa), IGFBP-2 (32 kDa), IGFBP-3 (42- to 39-kDa doublet), and IGFBP-4 (24 kDa); the IGFBP-3 doublet was very faint. In RA synovial fluid, all IGFBPs were dramatically increased, whereas little change was seen in the synovial fluid of OA. Western immunoblot against IGFBP-3 revealed a prominent 30-kDa immunoreactive fragment of IGFBP-3 in synovial fluids of normal adults as well as in those of RA and OA patients. This was concurrent with detectable IGFBP-3 protease activity, which was characterized to be of the metallo- and serine protease family. Thus, in normal synovial fluid, there is a balance of circulating IGF, IGFBP, and proteases to modulate the bioactivity of IGF. In pathological states, the increased IGF-I concentrations were accompanied by an increase in IGFBP-I concentrations were accompanied by an increase in IGFBP-3 levels in synovial fluid. These findings suggest that alteration of the IGF and IGFBP axis in pathological states may be important for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of disordered articular growth and metabolism.
Detection of Clinical Mastitis with the Help of a Thermal Camera (2008)

Increasing dairy farm size and increase in automation in livestock production require that new methods are used to monitor animal health. In this study, a thermal camera was tested for its capacity to detect clinical mastitis. Mastitis was experimentally induced in 6 cows with 10 microg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS was infused into the left forequarter of each cow, and the right forequarters served as controls. Clinical examination for systemic and local signs and sampling for indicators of inflammation in milk were carried out before morning and evening milking throughout the 5-d experimental period and more frequently on the challenge day. Thermal images of experimental and control quarters were taken at each sampling time from lateral and medial angles. The first signs of clinical mastitis were noted in all cows 2 h postchallenge and included changes in general appearance of the cows and local clinical signs in the affected udder quarter. Rectal temperature, milk somatic cell count, and electrical conductivity were increased 4 h postchallenge and milk N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity 8 h postchallenge. The thermal camera was successful in detecting the 1 to 1.5 degrees C temperature change on udder skin associated with clinical mastitis in all cows because temperature of the udder skin of the experimental and control quarters increased in line with the rectal temperature. Yet, local signs on the udder were seen before the rise in udder skin and body temperature. The udder represents a sensitive site for detection of any febrile disease using a noninvasive method. A thermal camera mounted in a milking or feeding parlor could detect temperature changes associated with clinical mastitis or other diseases in a dairy herd.
Predominance of cellular edema in traumatic brain swelling in patients with severe head injuries (2006)

The brain swelling observed in patients with TBI appears to be predominantly cellular, as signaled by low ADC values in brain tissue with high levels of water content.
Diamond‐Lipid Hybrids Enhance Chemotherapeutic Tolerance and Mediate Tumor Regression (2013)

Self-assembled nanodiamond-lipid hybrid particles (NDLPs) harness the potent interaction between the nanodiamond (ND)-surface and small molecules, while providing a mechanism for cell-targeted imaging and therapy of triple negative breast cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted NDLPs are highly biocompatible particles that provide cell-specific imaging, promote tumor retention of ND-complexes, prevent epirubicin toxicities and mediate regression of triple negative breast cancers.