gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemically Modified Conducting Polypyrrole Film Electrodes (1982)

Various para substituted poly-N-arylpyrrole polymer films were prepared and their electrochemical properties were measured. Of particular interest are the poly-N-p-nitrophenylpyrrole films which can be oxidized to produce the polypyrrole cation and reduced to produce the nitrophenyl anion. The polymer films can be repeatedly switched between the neutral, cationic and anionic forms with coulombic reversibility and with little π-interaction between the pyrrole and the aryl ring.
Natural disease course and genotype‐phenotype correlations in Complex I deficiency caused by nuclear gene defects: what we learned from 130 cases (2012)

Mitochondrial complex I is the largest multi-protein enzyme complex of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Seven subunits of this complex are encoded by the mitochondrial and the remainder by the nuclear genome. We review the natural disease course and signs and symptoms of 130 patients (four new cases and 126 from literature) with mutations in nuclear genes encoding structural complex I proteins or those involved in its assembly. Complex I deficiency caused by a nuclear gene defect is usually a non-dysmorphic syndrome, characterized by severe multi-system organ involvement and a poor prognosis. Age at presentation may vary, but is generally within the first year of life. The most prevalent symptoms include hypotonia, nystagmus, respiratory abnormalities, pyramidal signs, dystonia, psychomotor retardation or regression, failure to thrive, and feeding problems. Characteristic symptoms include brainstem involvement, optic atrophy and Leigh syndrome on MRI, either or not in combination with internal organ involvement and lactic acidemia. Virtually all children ultimately develop Leigh syndrome or leukoencephalopathy. Twenty-five percent of the patients died before the age of six months, more than half before the age of two and 75 % before the age of ten years. Some patients showed recovery of certain skills or are still alive in their thirties . No clinical, biochemical, or genetic parameters indicating longer survival were found. No clear genotype-phenotype correlations were observed, however defects in some genes seem to be associated with a better or poorer prognosis, cardiomyopathy, Leigh syndrome or brainstem lesions.
Cross-track noise profile measurement for adjacent-track interference study and write-current optimization in perpendicular recording (2003)

A cross-track noise profile measurement is developed for identifying the source of adjacent-track interference (ATI) fields in perpendicular recording systems. The noise amplitude as a function of cross-track position and write current clearly delineates the extent, magnitude, and polarity of stray fields under different portions of the head. Experimentally obtained stray field strength relative to writing field is in good agreement with finite element modeling. For given head and disk components, the composite picture of noise amplitude for both writing field and stray fields as a function of write current also provides a way of selecting an optimal write current with respect to the medium dynamic coercivity, saturation, and ATI threshold. Further investigation on the asymmetries in the noise profiles have led to two interesting discoveries. The first is an asymmetry in ATI field that can be attributed to the polarity of the radially oriented magnetization in the soft underlayer. The second is an artifact associated with the change in read head sensitivity around track edges due to fields from the dc-erased hard recording layer.
Multipolar Plasmonic Resonances in Silver Nanowire Antennas Imaged with a Subnanometer Electron Probe (2011)

We detect short-range surface plasmon-polariton (SR-SPP) resonances setup in individual silver nanoantenna structures at high-spatial resolution with a scanning, subnanometer electron probe. Both even and odd multipolar resonant modes are resolved up to sixth order, and we measure their spatial distribution in relation to nanoantenna structures at energies down to 0.55 eV. Fabry-Perot type SR-SPP reflection phase shifts are calculated from direct measurements of antinode spacings in high-resolution plasmonic field maps. We observe resonant SR-SPP antinode bunching at nanoantenna terminals in high-order resonant modes, and antinode shifts in nonhomogeneous local environments. Finally, we achieve good agreement of our experimental SR-SPP maps with numerical calculations of photon excited near fields, using a novel integrated photon excitation geometry.
Molecular cloning of Porimin, a novel cell surface receptor mediating oncotic cell death (2001)

Anti-Porimin (Pro-oncosis receptor inducing membrane injury) mAb mediates oncosis-like cell death in Jurkat cells. Porimin cDNA was isolated from a Jurkat cell cDNA library by COS cell-expression cloning. The 3,337-bp cDNA has an ORF of 567 bp, encoding a type I transmembrane protein of 189 amino acids. The extracellular domain of Porimin contains many O-linked and seven N-linked glycosylation sites that define it as a new member of the mucin family. COS7 and 293 cells transiently transfected with Porimin cDNA were specifically recognized by anti-Porimin Ab in cell staining and immunoblotting experiments. When expressed in Jurkat cells, a His-tagged Porimin cDNA construct resulted in the generation of a specific 110-kDa-size protein that matched the molecular mass of the endogenous Porimin protein. Crosslinking of the Porimin receptor expressed on COS7 transfectants resulted in the loss of cell membrane integrity and cell death as measured by the leakage of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase. Both COS7 and 293 cells expressing transfected Porimin at a relatively high level lost their ability to adhere to culture dishes, suggesting a role for Porimin in cell adhesion. The Porimin gene was mapped to human chromosome 11q22.1 and is composed of four exons spanning 133 kb of genomic DNA.
GSK-3β Acts Upstream of Fyn Kinase in Regulation of Nuclear Export and Degradation of NF-E2 Related Factor 2 (2007)

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates expression and coordinated induction of a battery of chemoprotective genes in response to oxidative and electrophilic stress. This leads to protection against oxidative stress and neoplastic diseases. Nuclear import and export of Nrf2 play a significant role in control of nuclear levels of Nrf2 and thus the expression of Nrf2 down-stream genes. Tyrosine kinase Fyn phosphorylates tyrosine 568 of Nrf2 that leads to the nuclear export of Nrf2. In this study, we investigated the upstream factor(s) in regulation of Fyn and Fyn-mediated nuclear export of Nrf2. The investigations shed light on a novel mechanism of Nrf2 regulation in response to oxidative stress. We demonstrate that GSK-3beta acts upstream of Fyn kinase in control of nuclear export of Nrf2. Chemical and short interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of GSK-3beta led to nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and transcriptional activation of the Nrf2 downstream gene nqo1. Chemical and short interfering RNA inhibition of GSK-3beta and Fyn individually and in combination revealed that both kinases follow the same pathway to regulate nuclear export of Nrf2. We further demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide phosphorylates tyrosine 216 of GSK-3beta. This leads to activation of GSK-3beta. The activated GSK-3beta phosphorylates Fyn at threonine residue(s). Phosphorylated Fyn accumulates in the nucleus and phosphorylates Nrf2 at tyrosine 568. This leads to nuclear export, ubiquitination, and degradation of Nrf2.
Evidence of Zoonotic Transmission of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> from a Pet Cockatoo to an Immunocompromised Patient (2000)

The indistinguishable patient and cockatoo isolates strongly suggest that the patient's infection resulted from exposure to aerosolized cockatoo excreta. Although the incidence of cryptococcal infection due to such exposure is unknown, it may be prudent to advise immunocompromised patients to avoid pet birds and avian excreta.
Nonlinear refraction and absorption: mechanisms and magnitudes (2010)

We provide an in-depth treatment of the various mechanisms by which an incident light beam can produce an intensity- or flux-dependent change in the refractive index and absorption coefficient of different materials. Whenever possible, the mechanisms are initially traced to single-atom and -molecule effects in order to provide physical understanding. Representative values are given for the various mechanisms. Nine different mechanisms are discussed, starting with the Kerr effect due to atoms and/or molecules with discrete states, including organic materials such as molecules and conjugated polymers. Simplified two and/or three-level models provide useful information, and these are summarized, The nonlinear optics of semiconductors is reviewed for both bulk and quantum-confined semiconductors, focusing on the most common types II-VI and III-V. Also discussed in some detail are the different nonlinear mechanisms that occur in liquid crystals and photorefractive media. Additional nonlinear material systems and mechanisms such as glasses, molecular reorientation of single molecules, the electrostrictive effect, the nuclear effect (vibrational contributions), cascading, and the ever-present thermal effects are quantified, and representative tables of values are given. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
Adaptive filtering using a highly oversampled weighted overlap-add filterbank in an ultra low-power system (2003)

Filterbank analysis and synthesis strategies prove advantageous in many signal processing areas operating as a divide and conquer strategy tackling difficult problems into an equivalent series of much simpler problems. For example, large convolutional systems encountered in applications such as echo cancellation and feedback cancellation may require a large number of filter taps. Using the filterbank technique, it may equivalently be implemented as a parallel combination of much shorter subband filters. When properly designed, the filterbank subband signals are minimally overlapping in frequency yielding signals that are approximately orthogonal to each other. Lately, digital filterbank techniques, with great precision, have enabled many strategies to be implemented that were difficult or impractical with analog structures. Accordingly, much theory has been developed including the so-called perfect reconstruction filterbank. An oversampled DFT filterbank using WOLA (weighted overlap-add) processing provides an extremely efficient and elegant solution. This paper describes this filterbank within dedicated ASIC and algorithmic procedures for casting many algorithms into a multi-rate framework.
Elastic Green's Function for Anisotropic Cubic Crystals (1969)

The Green's function describing the elastic displacement due to a unit force in an infinite cubic material is investigated in detail. Only for special cases can an exact solution be given, i.e., for ${c}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{c}_{12}\ensuremath{-}2{c}_{44}=0$ (isotropy), for ${c}_{12}+{c}_{44}=0$, and for 100> directions. Perturbation theory is applied to the cases where these conditions are only approximately fulfilled. Divergencies or strong maxima of the Greens' function, occurring in nearly unstable materials for ${c}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{c}_{12}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ or ${c}_{44}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, are examined. Analytical approximations for the Green's function are given by fitting the exact known Fourier transform with a suitably chosen ansatz in certain directions. Other simple approximations are derived by variational techniques and give good results for crystals with small and medium anisotropy.
West Nile fever encephalitis. (1981)

Three cases of meningoencephalitis caused by the West Nile virus in young people are described. All patients had high fever, severe headaches, and meningeal irritation. One patient had papillitis and a maculopapular rash. Lymphadenopathy, which is a common finding in West Nile fever, was not found in any of our patients. Duration of the disease was one to two weeks, and recovery was complete. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed an increase in protein and pleocytosis (predominantly polymorphonuclears). We believe that West Nile encephalitis is not rare in Israel.
Phase Formation and Dielectric Characterization of the Bi <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –TeO <sub>2</sub> System Prepared in an Oxygen Atmosphere (2004)

Solid‐state synthesis of compositions from the Bi 2 O 3 –TeO 2 system show that, under an oxygen atmosphere, Te 4+ oxidizes to Te 6+ and yields four room‐temperature stable compounds: Bi 2 Te 2 O 8 , Bi 2 TeO 6 , Bi 6 Te 2 O 15 , and new a compound with the nominal composition 7Bi 2 O 3 ·2TeO 2 . Dense ceramics can be prepared from all these compounds by sintering between 650° and 800°C under an oxygen atmosphere. The permittivity of these compounds varies from ∼30 to ∼54, the Q × f value from 1.100 to 41.000 GHz (∼5 GHz), and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency from −43 to −144 ppm/K. Bi 6 Te 2 O 15 and 7Bi 2 O 3 ·2TeO 2 do not react with silver, and, therefore, they have the potential to be used for applications in low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology.
Network analysis by phase-modulated homodyne detection (1981)

The network analyzer method using the homodyne detection principle and a sawtooth or stepped phase modulation can be generalized for an arbitrary phase-modulating function. The adjustment of the phase deviation of the modulated signal yields an exactly linear dependence between the phase of the microwave signal and the phase of the fundamental intermediate frequency signal at the mixer output.
On using prototype reduction schemes and classifier fusion strategies to optimize kernel-based nonlinear subspace methods (2005)

In Kernel-based Nonlinear Subspace (KNS) methods, the length of the projections onto the principal component directions in the feature space, is computed using a kernel matrix, K, whose dimension is equivalent to the number of sample data points. Clearly this is problematic, especially, for large data sets. In this paper, we solve this problem by subdividing the data into smaller subsets, and utilizing a Prototype Reduction Scheme (PRS) as a preprocessing module, to yield more refined representative prototypes. Thereafter, a Classifier Fusion Strategy (CFS) is invoked as a postprocessing module, to combine the individual KNS classification results to derive a consensus decision. Essentially, the PRS is used to yield computational advantage, and the CFS, in turn, is used to compensate for the decreased efficiency caused by the data set division. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism significantly reduces the prototype extraction time as well as the computation time without sacrificing the classification accuracy. The results especially demonstrate a significant computational advantage for large data sets within a parallel processing philosophy.
Metamorphs: Deformable Shape and Appearance Models (2008)

This paper presents a new deformable modeling strategy aimed at integrating shape and appearance in a unified space. If we think traditional deformable models as active contours or evolving curve fronts, the new deformable shape and appearance models we propose are deforming disks or volumes. Each model has not only boundary shape but also interior appearance. The model shape is implicitly embedded in a higher dimensional space of distance transforms, thus represented by a distance map image. In this way, both shape and appearance of the model are defined in the pixel space. A common deformation scheme, the Free Form Deformations (FFD), parameterizes warping deformations of the volumetric space in which the model is embedded in, hence deforming both model boundary and interior simultaneously.
FAMP, a Novel ApoA‐I Mimetic Peptide, Suppresses Aortic Plaque Formation Through Promotion of Biological HDL Function in ApoE‐Deficient Mice (2013)

A newly developed apoA-I mimetic peptide, FAMP, has an antiatherosclerotic effect through the enhancement of the biological function of HDL. FAMP may have significant atheroprotective potential and prove to be a new therapeutic tool for CVD.
Channel Estimation and Prediction for MIMO OFDM Systems: Key Design and Performance Aspects of Kalman-based Algorithms (2011)

Wireless broadband systems based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are being introduced to meet demands for high data transfer rates. In multiple users systems, the available bandwidth has to be shared efficiently by several users. The radio channel quality will fluctuate, or fade, as users move. Fading complicates the resource allocation, but channel prediction may alleviate this problem. A flexible and computationally inexpensive state space representation of fading channels is here used in conjunction with a Kalman filter, operating on special-purpose reference signals, to track and predict fading OFDM channels. The thesis investigates key design and performance aspects of such estimators. Taking a probabilistic approach, we interpret the output of the Kalman filter as a full representation of a state of knowledge about the fading channels, given whatever information is at hand. For systems analysis, this permits conclusions to be drawn about channel estimation and prediction performance based on only vague information about the fading characteristics of the channel rather than on actual channel measurements. This is an alternative to conducting classic simulation studies. Various reference signal designs are studied and good design choices are recommended. Superimposed reference signal schemes are also proposed for and evaluated in cases where multiple signals are received, e.g. in multi-user (MU), multi-input multi-output (MIMO), or coordinated multi-point (CoMP) settings. By using time-varying reference signals, channel estimation and prediction performance is shown to be improved considerably in crowded frequency bands. The variation of prediction performance with prediction range and Doppler spectrum characteristics is investigated. For link adaptation, we derive the appropriate metric on which adaptation decisions should be used. The probability density function for this metric is derived for general MIMO channels. Link adaptation is studied for a single link system when channel prediction and estimation errors are present, both for uncoded systems and systems using large block codes with soft decoders. Various aspects of channel model acquisition are addressed by conducting studies on measured channels. Owing to the use of special matrix structures and fast convergence to time-invariant or periodic solutions, we find the Kalman filter complexity to be reasonable for future implementation. Finally, expressions for the impact of modelling errors are derived and used to study the impact of modelling errors on channel prediction performance in some example cases.
Magnetic properties of Fe/SiO2 multilayer film (1989)

This paper discusses the magnetic properties of ion-beam-sputtered Fe/SiO2 multilayer films. Decreasing Fe layer thickness, while maintaining a constant SiO2 layer thickness, results in good soft-magnetic properties and nearly zero magnetostriction. These results are thought to be due to smaller crystal grains and a change in crystal orientation in the Fe layers. In Fe/SiO2 multilayer films consisting of 7-nm Fe and 2.5-nm SiO2 layers, magnetization of 1.55-T, hard-axis coercivity of 0.3 Oe, and relative permeability of 4000 are achieved under magnetostriction of less than ±10−6. After 250 °C annealing, relative permeability increases up to 5000. Furthermore, a magnetic domain structure with easy-axis direction and extended 180° walls suitable for thin-film heads can be obtained.
Lightweight electromagnetic shields using optimized polyaniline composites in the microwave band (2007)

Abstract A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize a multilayer electromagnetic shield of polyaniline (PANI)–polyurethane (PU) conducting composites in the microwave band. First, the electronic properties of freestanding films with different mass fractions of polyaniline were studied. A very low percolation threshold (0.2%) was found, with a maximum of conductivity of 10 4 S/m. Second, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the films were investigated in the X and Ku bands (8.2–18 GHz), showing an attenuation increase of 1–40 dB with the mass fraction of polyaniline in the blends. Then, the electromagnetic shielding properties of multi‐layered PAni–PU composites were investigated in order to obtain an attenuation superior to 40 or 80 dB, depending on the application. To improve the performances of the electromagnetic shields, three‐layered PAni–PU composites were made, using an optimization method. The intrinsic physical parameters of the composites were used as a database for the optimization calculation. The optimization results showed that materials with a thickness of <500 µm could answer many industrial or military shielding applications. As the electronic properties can be tuned easily with the mass fraction of polyaniline in the blends, conducting multi‐layered composite materials can be made following the results of the optimization. Their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was measured, showing good agreement between the measurements and modeling. These results demonstrated that the genetic algorithm allows us to conceive lightweight and high performance electromagnetic shields using intrinsically conducting polymers. The mass per unit of surface of the shield was <200 g/m 2 , giving potential applications in the aeronautics domain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and Efficacy of Two Live Pasteurella multocida aro-A Mutant Vaccines in Chickens (1999)

Two auxotrophic aro-A mutants of Pasteurella multocida designated PMP1 (serotype 1) and PMP3 (serotype 3) were tested as vaccine candidates to protect chickens against fowl cholera. A reliable intratracheal challenge method was established that resulted in > or = 75% mortality in both specific-pathogen-free chickens and commercial broiler breeders 24 hr after challenge. Dose protection studies indicated that at least 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of PMP1 and 10(8) CFU of PMP3 were required to provide complete protection against challenge in all birds. Although high doses of 10(9) CFU of the vaccine strains produced some endotoxinlike reactions, lower but protective dose levels produced no clinical sign or lesion in any chicken. Both vaccine strains provided cross-protection with a heterologous challenge strain PM206 (serotype 4). Future studies will examine the duration of protective immunity induced by the two vaccine candidates, PMP1 and PMP3, and cross-protection against other serovars.
A high-performance hardware-efficient memory allocation technique and design (2003)

This paper presents a hardware-efficient memory allocation (EMA) technique designed to eliminate both internal and external fragmentation that appear in the buddy system. EMA can allocate a free memory block of any size in any part of memory. Hardware implementation of EMA is introduced, but only part of its circuits is shown in the paper due to the space limitation. Simulation results show that EMA utilizes memory space more efficiently than the previously known techniques.