gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation on dry spinning process of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/decalin solution (2005)

Abstract The relationship between the draw‐down ratio in the dry spinning process of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/decalin solution and the fiber performance through maximized after‐drawing was investigated. The structural development during the after‐drawing process was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, sonic velocity, and FTIR measurements. An optimum draw‐down ratio was found in the multihole dry spinning process, which may be explained by molecular disentanglement and the composite effect of entropy and the viscosity component. The as‐spun fiber by draw‐down had an obvious shish kebab morphology, lower crystallinity, and a higher melting temperature compared with a free extrusion sample, and higher crystallinity and melting temperature compared with the fiber by first‐stage after‐drawing. During the subsequent after‐drawing process, the crystallinity, melting temperature, X‐ray diffraction, and sonic velocity orientation factors increased slowly in the higher after‐drawing ratio region, which was not consistent with the rising tendency of the tensile properties. The polarized and unpolarized IR spectra reflected the variations of the orientation and the content of the folded chains. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 474–483, 2005
Fluorescent Chemosensors for Toxic Organophosphorus Pesticides: A Review (2010)

Many organophosphorus (OP) based compounds are highly toxic and powerful inhibitors of cholinesterases that generate serious environmental and human health concerns. Organothiophosphates with a thiophosphoryl (P=S) functional group constitute a broad class of these widely used pesticides. They are related to the more reactive phosphoryl (P=O) organophosphates, which include very lethal nerve agents and chemical warfare agents, such as, VX, Soman and Sarin. Unfortunately, widespread and frequent commercial use of OP-based compounds in agricultural lands has resulted in their presence as residues in crops, livestock, and poultry products and also led to their migration into aquifers. Thus, the design of new sensors with improved analyte selectivity and sensitivity is of paramount importance in this area. Herein, we review recent advances in the development of fluorescent chemosensors for toxic OP pesticides and related compounds. We also discuss challenges and progress towards the design of future chemosensors with dual modes for signal transduction.
Suppression of null signals in LiTaO/sub 3/ crystal fork vibratory gyroscope (2002)

A LiTaO/sub 3/ tuning fork vibratory gyroscope has a high sensitivity, because of its high electromechanical coupling for the bending f/sub x/ mode and its orthogonal f/sub x/ mode, and high Q value for driving and adjustable Q value for detecting f/sub y/ mode. Our trial LiTaO/sub 3/ fork with cuboid arms (7.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, 1.0 mm thick, 0.3 mm gap) has a high sensitivity of 0.5 mV/deg/sec for 1 V pp input at 16.5 KHz. But the sensitivity is often reduced by spurious driving and detection modes coupling due to electrostatic coupling, electromechanical coupling and mechanical coupling. We experimentally analyzed the leakage couplings separately and proposed a new configuration of driving and detection electrodes for functional laser trimming. Also we proposed the additional slit formed by laser at an arm-edge of fork to achieve orthogonal vibrations for the f/sub x/ mode and the f/sub y/ mode. These functional YAG laser trimmings can suppress the leakage coupling or leakage signal voltage to -50 dB of driving voltage.
Evaluation of intrusion detectors: a decision theory approach (2002)

We present a method of analysis for evaluating intrusion detection systems. The method can be used to compare the performance of intrusion detectors, to evaluate performance goals for intrusion detectors, and to determine the best configuration of an intrusion detector for a given environment. The method uses a decision analysis that integrates and extends ROC (receiver operating characteristics) and cost analysis methods to provide an expected cost metric. We provide general results and illustrate the method in several numerical examples that cover a range of detectors that meet a performance goal and two actual detectors operating in a realistic environment. We demonstrate that, contrary to common advice, the value of an intrusion detection system and the optimal operation of that system depend not only on the system's ROC curve, but also on cost metrics and the hostility of the operating environment as summarized by the probability of intrusion. Extensions of the method are outlined, and conclusions are drawn.
The Passage Graves of Ireland (1938)

Megalithic monuments take an important place amongst the relics of early civilization in Ireland, and within recent years efforts have been made to collect the much-needed information about their distribution and typology. Pride of place in this work must be given to Estyn Evans and others who have made important discoveries in the northern highlands, and have published a distribution map of the Segmented Gallery Graves (Horned Cairns) which they found in that area. The present paper endeavours to give a brief account of some recent work on Irish Passage Graves and to summarise the information available about this type of Irish chambered tombs, which includes such famous sites as New Grange and Dowth. It is clear from the accompanying distribution map (fig. 1) that the primary settlement area of the Passage Grave builders was on the east coast, and here four foci as well as a number of scattered sites can be distinguished. These foci and the inland tombs derived from them may for convenience be called the Dublin, Boyne, Armagh, and North Antrim groups. A list of the tombs, together with map and bibliographical references, will be found in the Appendix to this paper (p. 247).
A reference architecture for remote diagnostics and prognostics applications (2003)

This paper describes a reference architecture for developing and implementing software applications that perform remote vehicle diagnostics and prognostics. The reference architecture incorporates emerging standard server technologies at the application level to ensure portability across a broad range of server platforms and to promote reuse of core application components across diverse end user domains. The core applications include the real-time diagnostics management application, a diagnostic analysis toolset, and an analysis and authoring environment for developing diagnostic/prognostic applications. The diagnostic analysis toolset uses Java-based application components within a common framework to enable a diverse mix of reasoning and rule-based methods to be flexibly integrated within diagnostic and prognostic applications. These same components are also used in the real time server environment for executing diagnostic and prognostic strategies.
Effect‐site targeted patient‐controlled sedation with propofol: comparison with anaesthetist administration for colonoscopy (2006)

Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) allows patients to match their sedation requirement to perceived discomfort. The significant delay in onset of sedation may be overcome with effect-site steered target controlled infusion, but previously only trials in volunteers have been carried out. We therefore conducted a randomised, double-blind controlled trial comparing effect-site steered propofol PCS with anaesthetist-administered propofol sedation in 40 patients presenting for colonoscopy. The initial effect-site target in the PCS group was 0.8 microg.ml(-1), increment was 0.1 microg.ml(-1) and lockout was 3 min. Patient and endoscopist satisfaction and operating conditions were similar between the two groups. PCS patients were sedated more slowly (13 [7.1] vs. 3 [1.1] min; p < 0.0001) and less deeply (minimum BIS value: 71 [16] vs. 58 [15]; p = 0.13) than anaesthetist-administered propofol sedation patients. More of the latter patients were hypotensive, but all patients had similar recollection of events during the procedure and similar quality of recovery.
Valuation of Fixed Income Securities and Derivatives (1995)

The authoritative resource for understanding and practicing valuation of both common fixed income investment vehicles and complex derivative instruments-now updated to cover valuing interest rate caps and floors.
DReAM: Deep Recursive Attentive Model for Anomaly Detection in Kernel Events (2019)

System logs and traces contain information that reflects the state of the system and serves as a rich source of knowledge for system monitoring from the application to the kernel layer. Moreover, logging of traces as a tool for monitoring the operation of a cyber-physical system is recommended by most safety standard organizations. However, because the data can be overwhelmingly huge within a short space of time, the use of models that do not rely only on known signatures for online anomaly detection becomes difficult to use due to the challenge of processing such an enormous amount of data at runtime. Hence, most practitioners resort to the use of signature-based tools. In this paper, we introduce an anomaly detection model that uses intra-trace and inter-trace context vectors with long short-term memory networks to overcome the challenge of online anomaly detection in cyber-physical systems. We test the performance of the model with publicly available datasets that reflect the internal and external control flow of an embedded application and our model demonstrates both the effectiveness and robustness in detecting an anomalous sequence in a system call stream.
Use of 3D-printers to create Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Compensator Blocks (2012)

Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) is an important tool for cancer treatment. It concentrates high radiation doses in complex target volumes, while sparing the surrounding tissues. IMRT is traditionally performed using Multileaf Collimators (MLC) or Compensator Blocks. The conventional way used to manufacture IMRT compensator blocks, which uses milling machines, is an important drawback over the MLC method, due to high operational and production costs. In this research, we developed a simpler alternative method to manufacture an IMRT compensator block from a fluency map generated by a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). This map was converted into a mold, and then printed using a 3D printer. The final IMRT compensator block was achieved by filling the mold with cerrobend alloy. To validate this method a quality assurance was performed using dosimetric films to compare the measured dose distributions to those predicted by the TPS system. This comparison showed a good agreement among 8 dose profiles from each situation, with a maximum RMS error of 8.84 % for the tested profiles. This suggests that the 3D printers can be effectively used to manufacture IMRT compensator blocks. The main advantage to this approach is that it can be fully conducted inside a radiotherapy facility, which results in lower costs and production times.
Real Time and Performance Management Techniques in SSD Storage Systems (2017)

Flash-based storage systems offer high density, robustness, and reliability for embedded\napplications; however the physical nature of flash memory means that there are\nlimitations to its usage in high reliability applications. To increase the reliability of\nflash-based storage systems, several RAID mechanisms have been proposed. However,\nthese mechanisms permit the recovery of data onto a new replacement device\nwhen a particular device in the array reaches its endurance limit and they need regular\ngarbage collection to efficiently manage free resources. These present concerns with\nresponse time as when a garbage collector or a device replacement is underway, the\nflash memory cannot be used by the application layer for an uncertain period of time.\nThis non-determinism in terms of response time is problematic in high reliability systems\nthat require real-time guarantees. Existing solutions to garbage collection only\nconsider single flash chip but ignore architectures where multiple flash memories are\nused in a storage system such as RAID. Traditional replacement mechanisms based\non magnetic storage mediums do not suit specifications of flash memory. The aim of\nthis thesis is to improve the reliability of the SSD RAID mechanisms by providing\nguaranteed access time for hard real-time embedded applications.\nInvestigating the hypothesis, a number of novel mechanisms were proposed with\nthe goal of enhancing data reliability in an SSD array. Two novel mechanisms solve the\nnon-determinism problem caused by garbage collection without disturbing the reliability\nmechanism unlike existing techniques. The third mechanism is device replacement\ntechniques for replacing elements in the array, increasing system dependability by providing\ncontinuous system availability with higher I/O performance for hard real-time\nembedded applications.\nA global flash translation layer with novel garbage collection mechanisms, on-line\ndevice replacement techniques, and their associated controllers are implemented on\nour FPGA SSD RAID controller. Contrary to traditional approaches, a dynamic preemptive\ncleaning mechanism adopts a dynamic cleaning feature which does not disturb\nthe reliability mechanism. In addition to this the garbage collection aware RAID\nmechanism is introduced to improve the maximum response time of the system further.\nOn-line device replacement techniques address limitations of the device replacement\nand thus provide more deterministic response times. The reliability, real-time and performance\nof these mechanisms via trace-driven simulator for number of synthetic and\nrealistic traces are also evaluated.\nThe contribution of this thesis is as follows: the presentation of novel mechanisms\nthat enable the real-time support for RAID techniques in SSD devices, the development\nof a number of mechanisms that enhance the performance and reliability of flash-based\nstorages, the implementation of these controllers, and the provision of a complete test\nbed for investigating these behaviours.
Histamine contents of blood plasma and cells in patients with myelogenous leukemia (1971)

Twenty-three pairs of fluorometric measurements of histamine were made on blood plasma and cells from patients with acute (10 cases) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (13 cases). The mean histamine level of plasma of patients (17.6 ± 10.5 μ/L) exceeded that of normal subjects (7.6 ± 4.7 μg/L). None of the patients complained of any symptoms referable to the agent. The ratio of mean histamine level of cells from a liter of blood to that of a liter of plasma was higher in patients with chronic (2410 to 19.6) and acute leukemia (213 to 15.0) than in normal subjects (51.2 to 7.6). A significant correlation between histamine levels of cells (Y) and counts of basophils (X) was ascertained. It was expressed in a regression curve: Y = 33.1 X0.486. This suggested that the higher the basophil count, the lower histamine per cell. On blood histamine in leukemia with increased basophil count, the following were discussed: why increased plasma histamine did not yield symptoms, and how the agent is dealt with when released from cells in vivo.
Improving Dialog Systems Using Knowledge Graph Embeddings (2018)

Dialog systems are systems or applications intended to converse with a human user. Recent dialog systems have employed the sequence-to-sequence framework to treat conversation as a translation problem, translating from question to answer in an opendomain. Knowledge graph embedding started as a way to scale question answering to a large, open-domain dataset without the use of hand-crafted rules. This thesis seeks to connect the two, by converting knowledge graph embeddings to word embeddings and evaluating the resulting dialog models.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Ligands Enhance Human B Cell Antibody Production and Differentiation (2009)

Protective humoral immune responses critically depend on the optimal differentiation of B cells into Ab-secreting cells. Because of the important role of Abs in fighting infections and in successful vaccination, it is imperative to identify mediators that control B cell differentiation. Activation of B cells through TLR9 by CpG-DNA induces plasma cell differentiation and Ab production. Herein, we examined the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma/RXRalpha pathway on human B cell differentiation. We demonstrated that activated B cells up-regulate their expression of PPARgamma. We also show that nanomolar levels of natural (15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2)) or synthetic (rosiglitazone) PPARgamma ligands enhanced B cell proliferation and significantly stimulated plasma cell differentiation and Ab production. Moreover, the addition of GW9662, a specific PPARgamma antagonist, abolished these effects. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is the binding partner for PPARgamma and is required to produce an active transcriptional complex. The simultaneous addition of nanomolar concentrations of the RXRalpha ligand (9-cis-retinoic acid) and PPARgamma ligands to CpG-activated B cells resulted in additive effects on B cell proliferation, plasma cell differentiation, and Ab production. Furthermore, PPARgamma ligands alone or combined with 9-cis-retinoic acid enhanced CpG-induced expression of Cox-2 and the plasma cell transcription factor BLIMP-1. Induction of these important regulators of B cell differentiation provides a possible mechanism for the B cell-enhancing effects of PPARgamma ligands. These new findings indicate that low doses of PPARgamma/RXRalpha ligands could be used as a new type of adjuvant to stimulate Ab production.
In multiple myeloma, clonotypic B lymphocytes are detectable among CD19+ peripheral blood cells expressing CD38, CD56, and monotypic Ig light chain [published erratum appears in Blood 1995 Jun 1;85(11):3365] (1995)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a plasma cell infiltrate of the bone marrow (BM). However, late-stage monotypic B cells have been detected in the blood. This work analyzes the effects of clinical treatment on late stage CD19+ B cells present in 752 blood samples from 152 MM patients. MM patients have 2 to 8 times as many circulating CD19+ cells as do normal donors. Analysis of the Ig heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction indicates that the CD19+ population includes cells sharing the same clonotypic CDR3 region as is detected in the BM plasma cells, for patients analyzed during chemotherapy or in relapse. They are also monotypic as defined by their cytoplasmic or surface expression of Ig kappa or lambda light chain. The light chain restriction is the same as that of the BM plasma cells. Individual patients observed over 1- to 2-year periods exhibit considerable variation in the number of B cells present in blood; this number does not correlate with the concentration of serum monoclonal Ig. The monoclonal blood CD19+ cells are not eliminated by any of the chemotherapy regimens analyzed and remain at high levels during transient remissions. Patients in the progressive phase of disease or in relapse have significantly higher numbers of B cells than do patients in transient remission or untreated patients. During periods when the quantity of blood B cells approaches normal, phenotypically their quality is highly abnormal, with physical and phenotypic heterogeneity. Most B cells express CD45R0, a high density of CD38, and CD56 characteristic of late-stage B or pre-plasma cells. CD38hi blood B cells had a cyclical presence. We conclude that monoclonal B cells in the blood of myeloma patient populations include drug-resistant reservoirs of clonotypic cells that may underlie relapse.
Thermoplastic polyolefin nanocomposites: effect of mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties (2011)

The polymer nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding from polypropylene/thermoplastic elastomer (PP-TPE) with sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and cloisite 20A using maleic anhydride modified PP-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as a compatibilizer. Three different weight percentages (3, 5, and 7 wt%) of nanoclay (Na-MMT or C20A) were used to study the effect on the properties of nanocomposites. The optimized clay composition of 5% was tested by varying the wt% of compatibilizer (5, 10, 15, and 20) to obtain better performance properties of nanocomposites. The excellent improvements in mechanical properties were observed by the incorporation 5 wt% cloisite20A with 5% compatibilizer. TPO nanocomposites show higher melting point and thermal degradation temperature on heat loading. The good thermal stability was confirmed from DSC and TGA. The intercalated/exfoliated phenomenon was indicated by the increase in T g and storage modulus using DMA. Wide angle X-ray scattering (XRD) was employed to study the size and changes in the morphology; it is also provided conclusive evidence for the formation of exfoliated structures.
Tra‐1‐60: A new serum marker in patients with germ‐cell tumors (1991)

TRA-1-60 is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that recognizes a mucin-like antigenic determinant expressed on the surface of embryonal carcinoma (EC) progenitor cells. In order to determine whether this antigen is released into the serum of patients with a non-seminomatous germ-cell tumor (NSGCT), we developed a sensitive 2-step immunoenzymometric assay. Of 42 EC-positive NSGCT patients tested, 32 (76%) were found to release TRA-1-60-reactive antigen into their serum, in contrast to 1 positive finding in 10 EC-negative NSGCT patients. The marker was found in 67% (10/15) of the EC-positive patients who were negative for both AFP and HCG. Sera from seminoma patients did not contain elevated levels of the TRA-1-60 antigen. Therefore, we propose that the TRA-1-60 antigen is a useful additional serum marker for following the progress of NSGCT(EC+) patients.
COMPARISONS OF ON-LINE ORP AND CHLORINE RESIDUAL MONITORING/CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FINAL EFFLUENT CHLORINATION (2001)

COMPARISONS OF ON-LINE ORP AND CHLORINE RESIDUAL MONITORING/CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FINAL EFFLUENT CHLORINATIONFifteen field tests of eight different chlorination process monitoring instruments, representing five manufacturers and four different technologies, were conducted. Field testing was employed to evaluate online oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and residual chlorine measurement technologies for their suitability in chlorination dose monitoring/control under conditions typical of those...Author(s)David M. KopchynskiDamon S. WilliamsTony M. PalmerMaureen C. RossStephen G. NuttSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 55 - Plant Operations II: Hot Topics in DisinfectionDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2001ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20010101)2001:11L.387;1-DOI10.2175/193864701790859968Volume / Issue2001 / 11Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)387 - 407Copyright2001Word count228