gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Origami: Folded DNA‐Nanodevices That Can Direct and Interpret Cell Behavior (2016)

DNA origami is a DNA-based nanotechnology that utilizes programmed combinations of short complementary oligonucleotides to fold a large single strand of DNA into precise 2D and 3D shapes. The exquisite nanoscale shape control of this inherently biocompatible material is combined with the potential to spatially address the origami structures with diverse cargoes including drugs, antibodies, nucleic acid sequences, small molecules, and inorganic particles. This programmable flexibility enables the fabrication of precise nanoscale devices that have already shown great potential for biomedical applications such as: drug delivery, biosensing, and synthetic nanopore formation. Here, the advances in the DNA-origami field since its inception several years ago are reviewed with a focus on how these DNA-nanodevices can be designed to interact with cells to direct or probe their behavior.
RINGOSTAR: an evolutionary performance-enhancing WDM upgrade of IEEE 802.17 resilient packet ring (2006)

To upgrade IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring networks by WDM, most previously reported approaches deploy WDM on the ring, requiring modifications of all nodes at the architecture and/or protocol level without significantly enhancing the performance of RPR apart from increased capacity and optical bypassing capability. In this article we aim at rethinking the box. Leveraging on the dark fiber infrastructure abundantly available in today's metropolitan areas, a subset of RPR nodes are interconnected by a single-hop star WDM subnetwork in a pay-as-you-grow manner. Building on RPR's destination stripping, wrapping, and steering techniques, we describe and examine two novel evolutionary performance-enhancing techniques: proxy stripping and protectoration. Our findings show that the resultant RINGOSTAR network not only dramatically increases spatial reuse, provides fairness as well as fast and efficient resilience against multiple failures but also supports both metro core's uniform and in particular metro edge's strongly hubbed traffic in a highly efficient way
ZitB (YbgR), a Member of the Cation Diffusion Facilitator Family, Is an Additional Zinc Transporter in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

The Escherichia coli zitB gene encodes a Zn(II) transporter belonging to the cation diffusion facilitator family. ZitB is specifically induced by zinc. ZitB expression on a plasmid rendered zntA-disrupted E. coli cells more resistant to zinc, and the cells exhibited reduced accumulation of (65)Zn, suggesting ZitB-mediated efflux of zinc.
Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid after 4 to 12 years of therapy in early and late stages of primary biliary cirrhosis (1994)

Twenty-two patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, 10 mg/kg per day. Fourteen patients with stages I/II were treated for 4-12 years (mean 7.5), and eight patients with stages III/IV for 5-12 years (mean 6.5). Twelve of 13 patients with early stages became asymptomatic. Aminotransferases, cholestasis-indicating enzymes and IgM improved (p < 0.01) and remained low during the whole treatment period. Ursodeoxycholic acid was the predominant serum bile acid, and lithocholic acid did not increase in the serum but did increase in the stool. Of eight patients with stages III/IV, seven were symptomatic, and four became asymptomatic. In all eight patients, laboratory data improved. Of these eight patients three experienced haemorrhage from oesophageal varices, two had to be transplanted, and one of them died. In one patient splenic rupture occurred, and in three liver function tests deteriorated. Although the number of patients was small, this is the longest treatment period so far reported. Ursodeoxycholic acid had no side effects for up to 12 years, and in patients with early stages it seemed to have a beneficial effect on symptoms and the progression of the disease. However, even with up to 12 years of therapy, ursodeoxycholic acid did not cause antimitochondrial antibodies to disappear either in the early or in the late stages, it was unable to prevent rebound effects during therapy intermission even after more than 5 years of continuous therapy, there was no decisive influence on liver histology and it did not cure the disease. Finally, although ursodeoxycholic acid improved life quality and laboratory data in all patients with late stages of the disease, it did not prevent complications due to cirrhosis.
Cide Hamete Benengeli y los Libros plúmbeos (2002)

The Libros plúmbeos were false documents, purported lost Biblical scripture dictated by the Virgin Mary to St. James, who took them to Spain in the first century. The purpose of the ¿Leaden Books¿ was to show that the first Christians in Spain were Arabs, with the hope of preventing the impending expulsion of the Moriscos, which nevertheless occurred in 1609. While they were obvious fakes to most, many people, especially in Granada, wanted to believe in their authenticity. Through the creation of Cide Hamete Benengeli, the author of the ¿verdadera historia¿of Don Quijote in a found manuscript, written in Arabic characters, Cervantes parodies the events surrounding the ¿Leaden Books¿ in the creation of his immortal work
Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulates Social Reward and Punishment in Rhesus Macaques (2009)

These data indicate that genetic variation in serotonin function contributes to social reward and punishment in rhesus macaques, and thus shapes social behavior in humans and rhesus macaques alike.
Alcohol-Folate Interactions in the Risk of Oral Cancer in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study (2010)

A significant interaction between alcohol and folate intakes seems to affect oral cancer risk in women, a finding with potential public health utility.
Gad c 1 efficiency in the diagnosis of fish allergy in children (2013)

Background Fish is one of the main culprit foods in childhood allergy [prevalence below 5 years 30% and then 9.8%, Spain]. IgE-mediated fish allergy diagnosis (FAD) is based on specific IgE (sIgE) detection to fish whole extracts and parvalbumin, considered to be major allergen, despite oral challenge (OC) is still the gold standard. Parvalbumin is an important panallergen. Cod parvalbumin (Gad c 1) is used for FAD in general; however its efficiency in FAD to species other than cod has not been reported. We sought to evaluate Gad c1 efficiency in FAD.
Take Control of Apple Mail in Leopard (2009)

Go under the hood with new (and old) features in Apple Mail in Leopard! Are you using Apple Mail in Leopard effectively? In this book, completely updated from its previous Panther and Tiger editions, author Joe Kissell provides comprehensive guidance, with a focus on new and updated features. You'll learn how to use and customize the Mail window, control the size and styling of incoming messages, and make rules to move messages into different mailboxes automatically. The book covers outgoing mail, showing you smart ways to address messages, send attachments, and send HTML-based messages. Bu
Musculoskeletal disorders in hospital nurses: a comparison between two hospitals (1994)

Nursing staff members of a urban general hospital (GH) and a small oncological department (OD) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of occupational related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), the specific disabilities, accidents at work, and working time lost. All subjects had a medical examination to evaluate osteoarthicular disease and selected cases were invited to X-ray examinations. The purpose of this study was to compare MSDs in the two groups of nurses working in two hospitals with different work organization in the same geographical area, Pordenone in Italy. In the previous year 48% GH and 33% OD nurses reported back pain due to work, 29.4 and 16.1% respectively have had X-ray or orthopaedic examinations, 19.2% and 9.1% had been away from work because of back pain. All these differences are statistically significant. The analysis of musculoskeletal pain sites and working tasks in the two hospital workers shows no differences in distribution. Great difference exists when analysing the numbers of patients assisted by a nurse: 0.57 and 1.27 nurse/patients respectively in GH and OD. Our data indicate a high overall frequency of occupational back pain, similar to other studies in Europe. The comparison between the two hospitals suggests factors associated with the disorder: work tasks and particularly nurses/patients ratio are more important factors than age and length of exposure. Different work distribution, shift organization, a better ratio between nurses and patients, an improvement of equipment provision, and specific nurse-training with application of ergonomic methods could improve work efficiency radically and decrease injury rates.
Pharmacokinetics of a potential human cytomegalovirus therapeutic, a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, after intravitreal injection in the rabbit. (1997)

The disposition of ISIS 2922, a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide for treatment of cytomegalovirus associated retinitis, was evaluated in rabbits. Vitreous humor and retina samples were collected from rabbits that received a single intravitreal injection of 66 microg [14C]-labeled ISIS 2922 and were analyzed using anion exchange HPLC. Four hr postdosing, the concentration of ISIS 2922 in vitreous humor was 3.3 microM. The elimination of ISIS 2922 from the vitreous humor exhibited first-order kinetics with a t1/2 of 62 hr. By 10 days postdosing, the mean concentration of ISIS 2922 in rabbit vitreous humor had decreased to 0.17 microM, which represented 22% of the total radioactivity remaining in the vitreous. The remaining 78% coeluted on anion exchange HPLC with shorter oligonucleotides. In retina, ISIS 2922 accumulated over the first 5 days postdosing, reaching a maximum concentration of 3.5 microM, and then declined thereafter with an estimated t1/2 of 79 hr. By 10 days postdosing when only 24% of the total radioactivity in the retina was parent compound, the concentration of ISIS 2922 remained at 1.6 microM, which was 10 times higher than the concentration in the vitreous humor. Whereas the elimination of full-length ISIS 2922 and total radioactivity from the vitreous humor occurred at nearly equal rates, ISIS 2922 disappeared more rapidly than did total radioactivity from the retina, suggesting a greater role for metabolism in the clearance process from retina than the vitreous. Alternatively, the results are consistent with metabolites being cleared from the vitreous at approximately the same rate as parent compound while in the retina metabolites may be cleared more slowly. The data were analyzed with a user-defined pharmacokinetic model, which was then used to predict the potential for accumulation of ISIS 2922 during clinical dosing.
Pertussis in the United States, 1979: A Look at Vaccine Efficacy (1981)

Journal Article Pertussis in the United States, 1979: A Look at Vaccine Efficacy Get access Claire V. Broome, Claire V. Broome Bacterial Disease Division, Center for Infectious Diseases Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Claire V. Broome, Bacterial Diseases Division, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David W. Fraser David W. Fraser Bacterial Disease Division, Center for Infectious Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 144, Issue 2, August 1981, Pages 187–190, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/144.2.187 Published: 01 August 1981
dsync: efficient block-wise synchronization of multi-gigabyte binary data (2013)

Backing up important data is an essential task for system administrators to protect against all kinds of failures. However, traditional tools like rsync exhibit poor performance in the face of today's typical data sizes of hundreds of gigabytes. We address the problem of efficient, periodic, multi-gigabyte state synchronization. In contrast to approaches like rsync which determine changes after the fact, our approach tracks modifications online. Tracking obviates the need for expensive checksum computations to determine changes. We track modification at the block-level which allows us to implement a very efficient delta-synchronization scheme. The block-level modification tracking is implemented as an extension to a recent (3.2.35) Linux kernel.

With our approach, named dsync, we can improve upon existing systems in several key aspects: disk I/O, cache pollution, and CPU utilization. Compared to traditional checksum-based synchronization methods dsync decreases synchronization time by up to two orders of magnitude. Benchmarks with synthetic and real-world workloads demonstrate the effectiveness of dsync.
Interfacing multiple processors in a system-on-chip video encoder (2002)

Interfacing RISC and DSP processors as Intellectual Property blocks for an MPEG-4 baseline video encoder is presented. Our previously presented Heterogeneous IP Block Interconnection (HIBI) architecture is used as a base for contemporary System-on-Chip implementations. Cost effective, general-purpose processor cores and DSPs lacking a native HIBI support need very low-delay interfacing units that are explained in detail in this paper. Interfaces are written in synthesisable VHDL and verified in Mentor Seamless CVE co-verification environment.
Developments and perspectives of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) on organic materials systems (1998)

In this paper recent developments in scanning probe microscopy ( SPM ) on organic materials are reviewed with selected examples. Presented subjects include instrumentation and particularities in connection with SPM imaging on soft organic materials. Exemplary cases of structure-properties investigations with SPM in organic materials science including amorphous polymers, polymer crystal growth effects, interface structure and stability, spinodal decomposition effects, copolymer and liquid crystal (LC) nanophase separation, LC phase transitions on a molecular scale, molecular manipulation as well as structure and properties of other organic materials are presented. Naturally, this paper cannot review all papers published about SPM on organic materials. Rather, main principles and problems as well as the strategy of probe microscopy on organic materials is elucidated with selected examples. SPM is shown to be an effective and forceful organic materials analytic tool for the materials scientist.
Determination of spin torque efficiencies in heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2016)

Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) in magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is an efficient mechanism to control the magnetic moments therein. The authors present a Hall-voltage-based technique that allows them to simultaneously determine two key physical quantities describing SOT in magnetic heterostructures: the SOT efficiency and the magnitude of effective Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction field. With the help of this new technique, the authors find that the spin-orbit torque, apart from the conventional spin-Hall-induced contribution, includes another geometrical component that depends on the shape of the ferromagnetic layer of the heterostructure. This opens a possibility for engineering SOT switching without any aid of external magnetic field, with possible applications for magnetic random access memory applications.
Characterization of the cardiac troponin I phosphorylation domain by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1993)

Cardiac holotroponin can be phosphorylated at serine 23 and/or 24 in the heart-specific region of bovine troponin I. When isolated freshly it is composed of a mixture of non-, two mono-, and bisphosphorylated species. At neutral pH the monophosphorylated form carrying phosphate at serine 24 yields a resonance signal at 4.6 ppm and that carrying phosphate at serine 23 at 4.4 ppm; the two phosphate groups of the bisphosphorylated form yield only one 31P-NMR signal at 4.2 ppm. From the chemical shift dependence on pH, pKa values have been estimated to be 5.3 and 5.6 for the phosphate groups at serine 24 and serine 23, respectively. Both phosphates of the bisphosphorylated form exhibit very similar pKa values of approximately 5.8. Separation of bisphosphotroponin I from the complex results in a downfield shift and the appearance of two 31P-NMR signals at positions comparable to those of the two monophospho forms. Complex formation of cardiac troponin I with C or T does not alter the spectrum obtained with isolated troponin I; however, the original troponin spectrum is restored by reconstitution of the holocomplex from all three components T, I, and C. Two signals are also observed with a bisphosphorylated synthetic peptide [PVRRRS(P)S(P)ANYR] representing the phosphorylation domain. pKa values of about 5.3 and 5.6 have been determined for serine 7 (corresponding to serine 24 of troponin I) and serine 6 of the peptide (corresponding to serine 23 of troponin I).
[<scp>d</scp>‐Phe<sup>4</sup>]Peptide histidine‐isoleucinamide ([<scp>d</scp>‐Phe<sup>4</sup>]PHI), a highly selective vasoactive‐intestinal‐peptide (VIP) agonist, discriminates VIP‐preferring from secretin‐preferring receptors in rat pancreatic membranes (1987)

The capacity of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine-isoleucinamide (PHI), secretin, and a series of analogs to discriminate between VIP-preferring and secretin-preferring receptors that coexist in rat pancreatic plasma membranes was evaluated by their ability to inhibit [125I]iodo-VIP and [125I]iodo-secretin binding and to activate adenylate cyclase. VIP, the VIP analogs [D-His1]VIP, [D-Ser2]VIP, [D-Asp3]VIP and [D-Ala4]VIP, PHI, [D-Phe4]PHI, and secretin inhibited the binding of both ligands in a concentration range of 10(-11) M to 10(-5) M and with a selectivity factor varying from 18,000 to 0.1. The only exception was [D-Phe4]PHI that inhibited 125I-VIP binding only, with an IC50 of 7 nM, and with no inhibition of 125I-secretin binding at 10 microM. The peptides tested stimulated adenylate cyclase in the same membranes and the slope of the dose-effect curves indicated that all peptides, except [D-Phe4]PHI, interacted with at least two classes of receptors: VIP-preferring and secretin-preferring receptors. By contrast, the dose-effect curve of [D-Phe4]PHI activation of adenylate cyclase was monophasic and competitively modified by [D-Phe2]VIP (a VIP antagonist) but not by secretin(7-27) (a secretin antagonist), indicating an interaction with VIP-preferring receptors only. Thus, [D-Phe4]PHI appears to be a highly selective tool to characterize these receptors.
Multi-Channel Deep Clustering: Discriminative Spectral and Spatial Embeddings for Speaker-Independent Speech Separation (2018)

The recently-proposed deep clustering algorithm represents a fundamental advance towards solving the cocktail party problem in the single-channel case. When multiple microphones are available, spatial information can be leveraged to differentiate signals from different directions. This study combines spectral and spatial features in a deep clustering framework so that the complementary spectral and spatial information can be simultaneously exploited to improve speech separation. We find that simply encoding inter-microphone phase patterns as additional input features during deep clustering provides a significant improvement in separation performance, even with random microphone array geometry. Experiments on a spatial-ized version of the wsj0-2mix dataset show the strong potential of the proposed algorithm for speech separation in reverberant environments.
Scattering of Low-Energy Noble Gas Ions from Metal Surfaces (1967)

The energy distributions of positive ions ejected from polycrystalline Mo and Ni by He+, Ne+, and Ar+ primary ions in the energy range of 0.5 to 3.0 keV have been found to consist of a low-energy distribution characteristic of sputtered ions and a sharp peak at higher energy. These high-energy ions are shown to be primary ions which have experienced single two-body collisions with the surface atoms. Multiply-charged ions were not detected. It was found that, approximately, a monolayer of adsorbed gas was sufficient to prevent the detection of incident ions which have scattered from the metal target atoms. He+ primary ions have been used to identify CO as an adsorbed gas on the Ni surface. Furthermore, the data suggest that the CO molecule forms a linear bond with the Ni surface through the C atom, as has been previously observed by other techniques. In contrast, when more reactive gas ions were used as primaries, nonsharp or continuous scattered ion energy distributions were observed, suggesting that lower neutralization probabilities associated with these ions allow the detection of ions which have penetrated deeply into the surface and emerged with varying energy losses.
Caring for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)-Deficient Patients: Implications for Pharmacy. (2015)

This article explores the basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and defines the role that health care informatics can play in optimal treatment.
Use of the Copper(II)-Selective Electrode for the Determination of the Stability Constants of Copper(II) Complexes (1975)

Abstract In the determination of stability constants of metal complexes, usually the measurements of the activities of free metal ions at very low levels are required. The electrode response of an Orion Model 94–29 copper(II) ion selective electrode at very low activity levels was studied in the various metal buffers composed of copper(II) ions and an excess of ligand. Usually the linear calibration range of the copper(II) ion selective electrode was extended to very low activity levels in the presence of a strong complexing agent. The stability constants of copper(II) complexes with acetate, ammonia, ethylenediamine, glycine, iminodiacetic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline, etc. were determined successfully. In the cases of EDTA and NTA, however, the lower limit of the linear calibration range was abnormally high and the stability constant of copper–EDTA or –NTA chelate could not be obtained. Some experimental results on the potentiometric titration of copper(II) ion with EDTA were also presented.
Inhibition of acetylpolyamine and spermine oxidases by the polyamine analogue chlorhexidine (2012)

Acetylpolyamine and spermine oxidases are involved in the catabolism of polyamines. The discovery of selective inhibitors of these enzymes represents an important tool for the development of novel anti-neoplastic drugs. Here, a comparative study on acetylpolyamine and spermine oxidases inhibition by the polyamine analogue chlorhexidine is reported. Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic diamide, commonly used as a bactericidal and bacteriostatic agent. Docking simulations indicate that chlorhexidine binding to these enzymes is compatible with the stereochemical properties of both acetylpolyamine oxidase and spermine oxidase active sites. In fact, chlorhexidine is predicted to establish several polar and hydrophobic interactions with the active site residues of both enzymes, with binding energy values ranging from -7.6 to -10.6 kcal/mol. In agreement with this hypothesis, inhibition studies indicate that chlorhexidine behaves as a strong competitive inhibitor of both enzymes, values of Ki being 0.10 μM and 0.55 μM for acetylpolyamine oxidase and spermine oxidase, respectively.