gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary modulation of body composition and insulin sensitivity during catch-up growth in rats: effects of oils rich in<i>n</i>-6 or<i>n</i>-3 PUFA (2011)

The present study investigates whether excessive fat accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia during catch-up growth on high-fat diets are altered by n-6 and n-3 PUFA derived from oils rich in either linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) or DHA. It has been shown that, compared with food-restricted rats refed a high-fat (lard) diet low in PUFA, those refed isoenergetically on diets enriched in LA or ALA, independently of the n-6:n-3 ratio, show improved insulin sensitivity, lower fat mass and higher lean mass, the magnitude of which is related to the proportion of total PUFA precursors (LA+ALA) consumed. These relationships are best fitted by quadratic regression models (r2>0·8, P < 0·001), with threshold values for an impact on body composition corresponding to PUFA precursors contributing 25-30 % of energy intake. Isoenergetic refeeding on high-fat diets enriched in AA or DHA also led to improved body composition, with increases in lean mass as predicted by the quadratic model for PUFA precursors, but decreases in fat mass, which are disproportionately greater than predicted values; insulin sensitivity, however, was not improved. These findings pertaining to the impact of dietary intake of PUFA precursors (LA and ALA) and their elongated-desaturated products (AA and DHA), on body composition and insulin sensitivity, provide important insights into the search for diets aimed at counteracting the pathophysiological consequences of catch-up growth. In particular, diets enriched in essential fatty acids (LA and/or ALA) markedly improve insulin sensitivity and composition of weight regained, independently of the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.
Pulmonary thromboembolism following thoracotomy for lung cancer (2006)

To investigate the clinical features of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with primary lung cancer in relation to thoractomy, and to shed light on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this fatal disease after lung resection. A total of 1245 cases with primary lung cancer received thoracotomy in the past 13 years were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data of a total of 14 patients (1.1%) suffering from pulmonary thromboembolism and requiring cardiao-pulmonary resuscitation were collected and analyzed. The diagnosis was established primarily by clinical findings in 9 cases (64.3%), including further confirmation of one case during operation, by pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scan in 2, by spiral CT angiography in 1, by pulmonary angiography in 1, and by autopsy in 1 case. Even using prompt resuscitation, 8 patients (57.1%) died within 48 h (mean 4 h) after the onset of the symptoms. Six cases eventually recovered. Of the 6 salvaged patients, they all received anticoagulation therapy with heparin intravenously and warfarin orally, including 3 cases of additional thrombolytic therapy with urokinase. Two cases with massive pulmonary emboli received emergency surgery, including one pulmonary embolectomy, and one bilobectomy after right upper lobectomy, with satisfactory results. Massive pulmonary embolism is an infrequent but fatal early postoperative complication after lung resection. The diagnosis should be based mainly on clinical findings in order to initiate the appropriate therapy immediately. The direct diagnostic techniques including radionuclide pulmonary scan, spiral CT angiography, and pulmonary angiography could be based on a careful evaluation of the expected benefits and risks of the various available treatments.
Polarization dependence of two-photon absorption in an AlGaAs waveguide autocorrelator (1997)

We have obtained the complete polarization dependence of the two-photon absorption coefficient beta by measuring the orientational dependence and the contrast ratio of the photocurrent in an Al(0.2) Ga(0.8) As waveguide autocorrelator at an optical frequency far above the half-bandgap. The measured polarization dependence is consistent with theory and previous picosecond nonlinear transmission experiments. The cubic symmetry of the nonlinearity provides a contrast ratio that exceeds 2, which is larger than would be obtained assuming an isotropic medium and Kleinmann symmetry. This device was used to obtain an autocorrelation of a mode-locked Nd:YLF laser.
Step control of vicinal 6H–SiC(0001) surface by H2 etching (2005)

Anisotropic step bunching on vicinal 6H–SiC(0001) surface induced by H2 etching was investigated. Step structures were observed using atomic force microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy at off angle &lt;2°. The etched surfaces exhibited three types of step bunching: (1) straight six-bilayer steps, (2) straight six-bilayer steps and nanofacets, and (3) zigzag three-bilayer steps. The step height and density can be controlled by a tilt angle and direction of a vicinal surface. Mechanisms of the step bunching processes are discussed at points of an anisotropy of lateral-etching rates and surface-free energies.
A Hybrid Actuation Approach for Haptic Devices (2007)

This paper presents a new actuation approach which combines the use of brakes, springs and mini motors to produce a safer and more energy efficient way to drive haptic devices. The applications which can greatly benefit from this new technology include force-feedback interfaces which operate medical robots, an area where safety and reliability are of prime concerns, and small portable devices which can only be powered by limited energy sources such as small batteries. This work also addresses the problems of limited rendering capabilities which today are present on most passive haptic displays
Andropause and the Aging Male (1998)

For many years andropause has been compared to female climaterium. Data show that symptoms are more an identification process with the climateric partner. Sexual function decreases with age but hormonal changes are not the major determining factor in this decline. There is histological evidence of an aging testicle, with reduced number of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Testosterone also declines about a third, as do dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, growth hormone, and insulin growth factor-1. There is no change in dehydrotestosterone and estrogens and there is an increase in follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones levels. Recent data cannot recommend the use of hormone replacement therapy with androgens because of potential severe side effects and lack of data on long-term effects.
Systems architecture for pervasive retail (2003)

Recent developments in mobile technologies and associated economics of scale via mature manufacturing processes have made possible the construction of pervasive systems in specific application areas. In this paper we discuss a novel type of retail service based on wireless and mobile technologies for the automated replenishment of home product supplies. The primary motivation for this work is the optimization of the efficiency and effectiveness of the fast moving consumer goods Box 407, FIN-00045, Helsinki, Finland
Restoration of Holoceruloplasmin Synthesis in LEC Rat after Infusion of Recombinant Adenovirus Bearing WND cDNA (1998)

Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by the excessive accumulation of copper in the liver. WND (ATP7B) gene, which encodes a putative copper transporting P-type ATPase, is defective in the patients. To investigate the in vivo function of WND protein as well as its intracellular localization, WND cDNA was introduced to the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, known as a rodent model for Wilson's disease, by recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. An immunofluorescent study and a subcellular fractionation study revealed the transgene expression in liver and its localization to the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, since the synthesis of holoceruloplasmin is disturbed in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, the plasma level of holoceruloplasmin, oxidase-active and copper-bound form, was examined to evaluate the function of WND protein with respect to the copper transport. Consequently, the appearance of holoceruloplasmin in plasma was confirmed by Western blot analysis and plasma measurements for the oxidase activity and the copper content. These findings indicate that introduced WND protein may function in the copper transport coupled with the synthesis of ceruloplasmin and that the Golgi apparatus is the likely site for WND protein to manifest its function.
Conditional Functional Dependencies for Data Cleaning (2007)

We propose a class of constraints, referred to as conditional functional dependencies (CFDs), and study their applications in data cleaning. In contrast to traditional functional dependencies (FDs) that were developed mainly for schema design, CFDs aim at capturing the consistency of data by incorporating bindings of semantic ally related values. For CFDs we provide an inference system analogous to Armstrong's axioms for FDs, as well as consistency analysis. Since CFDs allow data bindings, a large number of individual constraints may hold on a table, complicating detection of constraint violations. We develop techniques for detecting CFD violations in SQL as well as novel techniques for checking multiple constraints in a single query. We experimentally evaluate the performance of our CFD-based methods for inconsistency detection. This not only yields a constraint theory for CFDs but is also a step toward a practical constraint-based method for improving data quality.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,5,6,7‐Tetraphenyl‐8‐(substituted)‐3(2H)‐phthalazinone Derivatives Likely to Possess Antihypertensive Activity. (1990)

Abstract Some new phthalazinones such as (III) are prepared in order to test their antihypertensive activity.
Thermal crisis: challenges and potential solutions (2006)

This paper describes integrated circuits (IC), which is denser, faster and cheaper. In the increasing system integration, as well as aggressive technology scaling, IC thermal issues now stand in the way of improved IC performance and by increasing transistors counts and aggressive frequency scaling result in as significant increase in chip-power density, and also its temperature. In order to avoid thermal crisis, we must simultaneously and cooperatively address thermal issues at each stage of the design process: during packaging and cooling design, architecture design, circuit design, fabrication and the development of novel devices
Uncertainties have a Meaning: Quantitative Interpretation of the Relationship between Subsurface Flow and Geological Data Quality (2011)

[Truncated abstract] Long-term predictions of subsurface flow are important for societal issues such as groundwater flow, renewable and non-renewable energy resources, nuclear waste disposal and CO2 sequestration. In complex realistic settings, numerical simulations are dependent on the distribution of below-ground properties defined by geological models, constructed from observed data. The quality of the data therefore directly influences the predictions of subsurface flow. To date, no framework exists that allows a direct evaluation of effects of data quality on these flow fields. This thesis presents a first comprehensive method to analyze, visualize, quantify, and couple geological data uncertainty to flow field predictions. Methods are introduced to simulate and evaluate uncertainties in complex 3-D structural geological models. Based on probability distributions assigned to the underlying data, realizations of the geological model are created with an automated implicit modeling technique for complex 3-D spatial settings. The concept of information entropy is applied to visualize and analyze uncertainties in the resulting geological models. Information entropy values are a measure of the minimum number of geological units that can exist at any point in the domain. In addition, measures of mean model entropy can be used to derive quality estimates of the discretization required for geological modeling. Techniques are described that significantly simplify the integration of complex geological modeling into flow simulation, allowing an automatic update of flow and temperature outputs when data in the geological model are added or changed.
The Preparation of Some Branched Chain Aliphatic Sulfonic Acids (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some Branched Chain Aliphatic Sulfonic AcidsSaverio ZuffantiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 5, 1044Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01862a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01862a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peptide models of protein folding initiation sites. 2. The G-H turn region of myoglobin acts as a helix stop signal (1993)

A series of peptide fragments of sperm whale myoglobin, corresponding to segments of the region between the G- and H-helices of the protein, have been synthesized and their conformational preferences investigated using circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in aqueous solution and in solvent mixtures containing water and trifluoroethanol. The smallest fragment, Mb-GH5, a five-residue peptide with the sequence HPGDF corresponding to the connecting loop between the two helices in the folded protein, adopts highly populated turn conformations in aqueous solution. A 25-residue peptide, Mb-GH25, containing the same sequence flanked by contiguous segments of the G- and H-helix sequences, was also found to contain a high proportion of conformers with a turn in this region. No helix formation was observed in the flanking sequences in water solution, either in Mb-GH25 or in control 10-residue peptides (Mb-G10 and Mb-H10) with sequences corresponding to the G- and H-helix segments. No additional helicity above that of the sum of the components was observed for Mb-GH25, indicating that a helical hairpin structure is not formed in the monomeric peptide in aqueous solution. In the presence of TFE, ordered helix is formed in Mb-GH25 according to the CD spectrum, and NMR spectra indicate that this is localized in the N-terminal portion of the peptide. NOESY spectra clearly show that the turn conformation is retained under these conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The v-sis oncogene product but not platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A homodimers activate PDGF alpha and beta receptors intracellularly and initiate cellular transformation. (1992)

The v-sis oncogene product p28v-sis and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain share 92% homology with each other and over 50% homology with the PDGF A chain. Exogenously added homodimers of PDGF A and PDGF B and of p28v-sis are potent mitogens but only PDGF B and p28v-sis induce transformation when endogenously expressed with a strong promoter. Because exogenous PDGF AA and PDGF BB both initiate a full mitogenic response, understanding the mechanisms underlying the difference in their transforming potential may clarify how growth factor genes act as oncogenes. In this work, we compared cells expressing high levels of PDGF A and v-sis. We observed that transformation by v-sis correlated directly with the rapid degradation (t1/2 approximately 20 min) of the alpha and beta PDGF receptors, with a failure of either the alpha or beta receptor to be fully processed and with the association of high levels of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with immunoprecipitates of the PDGF receptors. In contrast, in cells expressing essentially equal levels of PDGF A, transformation was not detected, alpha and beta PDGF receptor processing was normal, and association of PI 3-kinase with receptors in immunoprecipitates was not found above control values. The ability of v-sis to autoactivate PDGF receptors within processing compartments and to initiate activation of the PI 3-kinase signaling pathway coupled with the failure of PDGF A to activate its receptor intracellularly and to induce transformation when endogenously expressed at high levels suggests that the internal autoactivation of PDGF receptors may be essential for transformation by v-sis.
SCHEDE DI FARMACOLOGIA GENERALE (2013)

Scopo delle schede è quello di fornire al lettore il materiale scientificamente adeguato per la comprensione dei concetti basilari della Farmacologia.\nI principali argomenti trattati sono la farmacocinetica, la farmacodinamica e la variabilità della risposta ai farmaci. \nInoltre sono stati inseriti dei cenni relativi ad alcune discipline della farmacologia come la farmacogenetica, la farmacoeconomia e la farmacovigilanza. \nLa funzione delle schede è quella di permettere un approccio semplice ma completo ai concetti generali della farmacologia.
CCCCX.—The migration of acyl groups in o-aminophenols. Part II (1931)

F. Bell, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 2962 DOI: 10.1039/JR9310002962
Some Regular Compounds of Star-Polyhedra (1973)

It is well known that the simpler regular solids can be assembled into compounds which have, as a whole, the symmetry of a more complicated solid : two tetrahedra with a symmetry of a cube, five cubes with that of a dodecahedron, and so forth ([1] p. 134, [2] p. 134).
[Electrolyte changes during and after voluntary hyperventilation]. (1995)

Paresthesia and tetanic finger cramps during hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis are believed to derive from a pH-dependent decrease of ionized serum calcium. In the study reported here, ionized serum calcium, total calcium and total protein were measured during a three-minute hyperventilation period in ten volunteers. During hyperventilation finger paresthesias appeared in all probands without proof of any significant change in ionized serum calcium (1.26 +/- 0.05 mmol/l at the end of the three-minute hyperventilation period). Total protein increased as a consequence of hyperventilation-induced transient hemo-concentration. Paresthesias and tetanic finger cramps during the three-minute hyperventilation could not be related to changes of ionized serum calcium; however the other electrolytes, i.e. sodium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate, showed, with the exception of sodium, significant changes.
EFFECT OF COOLANT PRESSURE, NOZZLE DIAMETER, IMPINGEMENT ANGLE AND SPOT DISTANCE IN HIGH PRESSURE COOLING WITH NEAT OIL IN TURNING Ti-6AL-4V (2008)

Though titanium alloys are being increasingly sought in a wide variety of engineering and biomedical applications, their manufacturability, especially machining and grinding imposes lot of constraints. Titanium alloys are readily machinable provided the cutting velocity is in the range of 30–60 m/min. To achieve higher productivity, if the cutting velocity is enhanced to 60–120 m/min and beyond, rapid tool wear takes place diminishing the available tool life. Tool wear in machining of titanium alloys is mainly due to high cutting zone temperature localised in the vicinity of the cutting edge and enhanced chemical reactivity of titanium with the tool material. Rapid tool wear encountered in machining of titanium alloys is a challenge that needs to be overcome. High pressure cooling in machining is a very promising technology for enhancing tool life and productivity via appropriate cooling and lubrication. The present investigation is an attempt to study the effects of jet application parameters, i.e., coolant pressure, angle of impingement of the jet, spot distance and nozzle diameter on tool wear and chip morphology and to compare the effectiveness while turning Ti-6Al-4V bars under high pressure cooling with neat oil. Results indicated that at a cutting speed of 85 m/min and feed of 0.2 mm/rev, high pressure cooling provided a tool life of 24 min vis-à-vis 12 min under cryogenic cooling.
Simple method for absolute calibration of geophones, seismometers, and other inertial vibration sensors (2005)

A simple but powerful method is presented for calibrating geophones, seismometers, and other inertial vibration sensors, including passive accelerometers. The method requires no cumbersome or expensive fixtures such as shaker platforms and can be performed using a standard instrument commonly available in the field. An absolute calibration is obtained using the reciprocity property of the device, based on the standard mathematical model for such inertial sensors. It requires only simple electrical measurement of the impedance of the sensor as a function of frequency to determine the parameters of the model and hence the sensitivity function. The method is particularly convenient if one of these parameters, namely the suspended mass is known. In this case, no additional mechanical apparatus is required and only a single set of impedance measurements yields the desired calibration function. Moreover, this measurement can be made with the device in situ. However, the novel and most powerful aspect of the method is its ability to accurately determine the effective suspended mass. For this, the impedance measurement is made with the device hanging from a simple spring or flexible cord (depending on the orientation of its sensitive axis). To complete the calibration, the device is weighed to determine its total mass. All the required calibration parameters, including the suspended mass, are then determined from a least-squares fit to the impedance as a function of frequency. A demonstration using both a 4.5 Hz geophone and a 1 Hz seismometer shows that the method can yield accurate absolute calibrations with an error of 0.1% or better, assuming no a priori knowledge of any parameters.
Taming the Rapids: Negotiation of Federal Reserved Water Rights in Montana (1985)

My joy was boundless.I had learnt the true practice of law.I had learnt to find out the better side of human nature and to enter men's hearts.I realized that the true function of a lawyer was to unite parties riven asunder.The lesson was so indelibly burnt into me that a large part of my time during the twenty years of my practice as a lawyer was occupied in bringing about private compromises of hundreds of cases.I lost nothing thereby-not even money, certainly not my soul.