gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated compile-time/run-time software distributed shared memory system (1996)

On a distributed memory machine, hand-coded message passing leads to the most efficient execution, but it is difficult to use. Parallelizing compilers can approach the performance of hand-coded message passing by translating data-parallel programs into message passing programs, but efficient execution is limited to those programs for which precise analysis can be carried out. Shared memory is easier to program than message passing and its domain is not constrained by the limitations of parallelizing compilers, but it lags in performance. Our goal is to close that performance gap while retaining the benefits of shared memory. In other words, our goal is (1) to make shared memory as efficient as message passing, whether hand-coded or compiler-generated, (2) to retain its ease of programming, and (3) to retain the broader class of applications it supports.To this end we have designed and implemented an integrated compile-time and run-time software DSM system. The programming model remains identical to the original pure run-time DSM system. No user intervention is required to obtain the benefits of our system. The compiler computes data access patterns for the individual processors. It then performs a source-to-source transformation, inserting in the program calls to inform the run-time system of the computed data access patterns. The run-time system uses this information to aggregate communication, to aggregate data and synchronization into a single message, to eliminate consistency overhead, and to replace global synchronization with point-to-point synchronization wherever possible.We extended the Parascope programming environment to perform the required analysis, and we augmented the TreadMarks run-time DSM library to take advantage of the analysis. We used six Fortran programs to assess the performance benefits: Jacobi, 3D-FFT, Integer Sort, Shallow, Gauss, and Modified Gramm-Schmidt, each with two different data set sizes. The experiments were run on an 8-node IBM SP/2 using user-space communication. Compiler optimization in conjunction with the augmented run-time system achieves substantial execution time improvements in comparison to the base TreadMarks, ranging from 4% to 59% on 8 processors. Relative to message passing implementations of the same applications, the compile-time run-time system is 0-29% slower than message passing, while the base run-time system is 5-212% slower. For the five programs that XHPF could parallelize (all except IS), the execution times achieved by the compiler optimized shared memory programs are within 9% of XHPF.
Pulsed cycling operation and endurance failure of metal-oxide resistive (RRAM) (2014)

Oxide-based resistive memory (RRAM) is under scrutiny for possible use for non-volatile storage and storage-class memory (SCM) complementing DRAM and SRAM. For SCM applications, set/reset times, variability and endurance are key concerns, which must be carefully understood to explore potential applications of RRAM. To that purpose we studied pulsed operation and endurance of oxide RRAM. We show that (i) resistance window (RW) is controlled by the negative voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">stop</sub> applied during reset, (ii) failure at high V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">stop</sub> is due to negative set, causing filament overgrowth and RW collapse and (iii) endurance is independent of the pulse-width, which supports an Arrhenius model for endurance failure.
PFOA and PFOS removal by ion exchange for water reuse and drinking applications: role of organic matter characteristics (2019)

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are drinking water contaminants of emerging concern due to their persistence in the environment and tendency to bio-accumulate.
Detection of carbonyl‐modified proteins in interfibrillar rat mitochondria using <b><i>N′</i></b>‐aminooxymethylcarbonylhydrazino‐<scp>D</scp>‐biotin as an aldehyde/keto‐reactive probe in combination with Western blot analysis and tandem mass spectrometry (2008)

There is now a large body of supporting data available that links oxidative modifications of proteins to a large number of diseases, degenerative disorders and aging. However, the detailed analysis of oxidative protein modifications remains challenging. Here, we report a new efficient method for identification of oxidatively modified proteins in complex biological samples which is based on the use of an aldehyde-reactive probe, N'-aminooxymethylcarbonylhydrazino-D-biotin (ARP), in combination with Western-type analyses and MS. The biotinylated hydroxylamine derivative forms a chemically stable oxime derivative with the aldehyde/keto group found in carbonyl-modified proteins. The biotin tag is detected by avidin affinity staining. ARP-positive proteins are subsequently subjected to in-gel trypsinization and MS/MS for protein identification. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method for the analysis of protein extracts obtained from interfibrillar heart mitochondria (IFM) from young and old rats. In this study, we identified as putative major protein targets of oxidative modifications the mitochondrial matrix protein, aconitase, the inner mitochondrial membrane protein, ADP/ATP translocase, and constituents of the electron transport chain complexes IV and V. An age-related increase of carbonyl levels was found for aconitase and ATP synthase.
Graph-Based Data Mining (2007)

With the most expressive representation that is able to characterize the complex data, graph mining is an emerging and promising domain in data mining. Meanwhile, the graph has been well studied in a long history with many theoretical results from various foundational fields, such as mathematics, physics, and artificial intelligence. In this chapter, we systematically reviewed theories and techniques newly studied and proposed in these areas. Moreover, we focused on those approaches that are potentially valuable to graph-based data mining. These approaches provide the different perspectives and motivations for this new domain. To illustrate how the method from the other area contributes to graph-based data mining, we did a case study on a classic graph problem that can be widely applied in many application areas. Our results showed that the methods from foundational areas may contribute to graph-based data mining.
Novel high voltage capacitor charger for pulsed power modulator (2010)

This paper describes a novel 10 kW (10 kV, 1 A) high voltage capacitor charger which has the combined advantage both series loaded resonant inverter and ZVS full-bridge PWM inverter. Series loaded resonant inverter has a wide ZV or ZC switching range regardless of load condition. However it can generate audible noise at light load condition and requires careful filter design because it should be controlled by variable frequency. On the other hand, ZVS full-bridge PWM inverter can be controlled by phase delay of each switching signal with fixed switching frequency, but when it is working at light load condition, efficiency will be decrease because of loosing soft switching condition. The proposed charger has the same structure like series resonant inverter, and controlled at fixed frequency by way of phase shifted PWM. The operational principle of proposed charger and soft switching mechanism is analyzed. The developed charger is verified to have higher efficiency at light load condition and higher power density by way of simulation and experiments. Developed charger and 10 kV IGBT stack based solid state pulsed power modulator was combined and tested with various load conditions. The experimental results verified that the proposed charger can be used effectively for high voltage pulsed power modulator which requires the various kinds of load condition with respect to the applications.
Degradation of II-VI blue-green semiconductor lasers (1998)

Theory and experiment of the degradation of II-VI blue-green laser diodes using quantum-well (QW) structures are presented. We develop the fundamental equations for the operation current of laser diodes as a function of aging time under the constant optical power aging condition. We show experimental results for the increase of the operation current as a function of aging time and its dependence on the ambient temperature. We find that the increase of the threshold current and the operation current under constant optical output power aging condition is caused by the increase of the nonradiative recombination current due to the increase of the defect density. The generation of the defect density follows a kinetic mechanism caused by an electron-hole recombination enhancement. Thermal effects also accelerate the degradation of the laser diodes. Our theory agrees very well with the experiment.
NOVEL CRYSTALLIZATION METHOD: RING-HEATER HEATED PEDESTAL GROWTH METHOD FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL ORGANIC MATERIAL (2002)

We developed a novel crystal growth method from molten state, ring-heater heated pedestal growth method (RHHPG), where we can easily control a crystal growth direction of organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal. We focused on 2-adamantylamino-5-nitropyridine (AANP) as an NLO crystal for this research work. We controlled its crystal growth direction toward a phase-matched direction at telecommunication wavelength by using the RHHPG method.
Reactions of carbamylimidazoles with nucleophiles - an example of an intramolecular acyl transfer reaction (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of carbamylimidazoles with nucleophiles - an example of an intramolecular acyl transfer reactionKenneth W. EhlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 18, 3041–3042Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00880a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00880a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Internal Dynamics of a Metropolitan New York Vocalic Paradigm (1968)

PATTERNING ANALYSIS in the domain of phonology, the natural offspring of structural and functional linguistics, is based on the presumption that speech behavior is essentially systematic and that the constituent elements of a phonic system can be shown to bear definite relationships to one another.2 As applied to data drawn from dialect geography, patterning analysis involves a willingness to recognize and an ability to perceive the simple fact that, though particular speech sounds may indeed be heard over a wide area, they do not necessarily occur in the speech of the same people. Hubbell wrote the first such analysis of the speech of New York City.3 Thoroughly familiar with the sociolinguistic complexities of the metropolitan area, he set himself the task of correlating speech differences with varying degrees of cultivation and social status. In so doing, he laid the foundation for all future dialectological work on this area. By contrast, other linguists and phoneticians have shown little disposition to undertake patterning studies. Wise unhappily lumps a large number of speech sounds into one substandard dialect,4 and Thomas correlates speech differences with region but rarely with social level,5 while most speech textbooks continue to this day the fiction of an Eastern American dialect area which includes New York
Wideband receiver design in the presence of strong narrowband interference (2008)

In the presence of narrowband interference (NBI), detection of weak wideband signals faces foremost challenges in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), due to the dynamic range problem encountered when the weak signal cannot be amplified adequately to achieve sufficient quantization accuracy. Building on a parallel frequency-domain sampling structure for ADCs, this letter derives a new quantization bit allocation scheme that effectively removes strong NBI. Frequency bins hosting NBIs are allocated with no quantization bits. Optimal rules for symbol detection and quantization bit allocation are derived by jointly minimizing the mean square error of the decoding output.
Nonlocal cancellation of multi-frequency-channel dispersion (2015)

We present an investigation of the temporal correlation of time-energy entangled photon pairs propagating through multi-frequency-channel dispersive media, in which photon spectra spread over multiple discrete frequency channels with dispersions. We have observed more complex coincidence structures including double coincidence envelopes and dependence on frequency detuning that are absent in the single-channel case. Our results on the correlation of the time-energy photonic entanglement in dispersive media with channel divisions would impact the fields of quantum metrology and communication.
The scale representation (1993)

The authors considers "scale" a physical attribute of a signal and develop its properties. He presents an operator which represents scale and study its characteristics and representation. This allows one to define the scale transform and the energy scale density spectrum which is an indication of the intensity of scale values in a signal. He obtains explicit expressions for the mean scale, scale bandwidth, instantaneous scale, and scale group delay. Furthermore, he derives expressions for mean time, mean frequency, duration, frequency bandwidth in terms of the scale variable. The short-time transform is defined and used to obtain the conditional value of scale for a given time. He shows that as the windows narrows one obtains instantaneous scale. Convolution and correlation theorems for scale are derived. A formulation is devised for studying linear scale-invariant systems. He derives joint representations of time-scale and frequency-scale, General classes for each are presented using the same methodology as for the time-frequency case. As special cases the joint distributions of Marinovich-Altes (1978, 1986) and Bertrand-Bertrand (1984) are recovered. Also, joint representations of the three quantities, time-frequency-scale are devised. A general expression for the local scale autocorrelation function is given. Uncertainty principles for scale and time and scale and frequency are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
H<sub>2</sub>‐Antihistaminika, 9. Mitt. Keten‐N,N‐acetale mit H<sub>2</sub>‐antihistaminischer Wirkung (1982)

Abstract Es wurden die Keten‐N,N‐acetale (Ketenaminale) 4a‐e dargestellt und auf ihre H 2 ‐antihistaminische Wirksamkeit untersucht.
PoolCoin: Toward a distributed trust model for miners' reputation management in blockchain (2020)

In blockchain, transactions between parties are regrouped into blocks, in order to be added to the blockchain's distributed ledger. Miners are nodes of the network that generate new blocks that meet the consensus protocol. Thus, when a miner adds a valid block to the distributed ledger, the miner is rewarded. Due to the difficulty of the problem to be solved by the miner in order to find a valid block, it becomes difficult to a single miner to gain rewards. Therefore, miners join mining pools, where the powers of miners are federated to ensure stable revenues for miners. In public blockchains, access to mining pools is not restricted, which makes mining pools vulnerable to considerable threats such as: block withholding (BWH) attacks and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. In the present work, we a new blockchain named PoolCoin that manages reputation in mining pools. In addition, we provide a trust model for PoolCoin, inspired by the job market signaling model. The proposed PoolCoin blockchain allows pool managers to accept trusted miners in their mining pools, while miners are able to evaluate pool managers. The performance evaluation is conducted and the obtained simulation results are presented and discussed. In order to study the efficiency of the proposed trust model, a performance evaluation was provided. Thus, the model parameters' are optimized in order to detect and exclude misbehaving miners, while honest miners are maintained in the mining pool.
Non-Amphiphilic Carbohydrate Liquid Crystals Containing an Intact Monosaccharide Moiety (1995)

Abstract A chiral rigid moiety which forms the basis of a new class of non-amphiphilic carbohydrate liquid crystals has been developed. This moiety contains a fully intact glucopyranose ring embedded in a trans-decalin structure. The original carbohydrate is substituted so that only two hydroxyl groups are left, resulting in derivatives with reduced hydrophilicity. The substituents R and X-R′ on the 4,6-O-ylidene ß-D-glucopyranoside are in the equatorial position and can be varied extensively, using straightforward synthetic procedures. Investigations as to the requirements for R and X-R′ for inducing liquid-crystalline behavior have shown that at least one of the substituents should contain a large, polarizable aromatic moiety. An aromatic Schiff base fulfils this requirement.
Angelman syndrome phenotype associated with mutations in<i>MECP2</i>, a gene encoding a methyl CpG binding protein (2001)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe mental retardation, absent speech, ataxia, sociable affect, and dysmorphic facial features. Eighty five percent of patients with AS have an identifiable genetic abnormality of chromosome 15q11-13. Mutations within the X linked MECP2 gene have been identified in patients with Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects females almost exclusively and which shares phenotypic overlap with AS. RTT is usually associated with normal development in infancy followed by loss of acquired skills and evolution of characteristic hand wringing movements and episodes of hyperventilation.A panel of 25 female and 22 male patients with a clinical diagnosis of AS and no molecular abnormality of 15q11-13 were screened for MECP2 mutations and these were identified in four females and one male. Following the diagnosis, it was possible to elicit a history of regression in three of these patients, who by then were showing features suggestive of Rett syndrome. In the remaining two subjects the clinical phenotype was still considered to be Angelman-like. These findings illustrate the phenotypic overlap between the two conditions and suggest that screening for MECP2 mutations should be considered in AS patients without a demonstrable molecular or cytogenetic abnormality of 15q11-13. Since MECP2 mutations almost always occur de novo, their identification will substantially affect genetic counselling for the families concerned.
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Natural Language Processing. (2016)

The dominant approach for many NLP tasks are recurrent neural networks, in particular LSTMs, and convolutional neural networks. However, these architectures are rather shallow in comparison to the deep convolutional networks which are very successful in computer vision. We present a new architecture for text processing which operates directly on the character level and uses only small convolutions and pooling operations. We are able to show that the performance of this model increases with the depth: using up to 29 convolutional layers, we report significant improvements over the state-of-the-art on several public text classification tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that very deep convolutional nets have been applied to NLP.
Peptidoglycan induces interleukin‐6 expression through the TLR2 receptor, JNK, c‐Jun, and AP‐1 pathways in microglia (2010)

We recently reported that peptidoglycan (PGN), a cell wall component of the Gram-positive bacterium, induces NF-κB activation and microglia activation. However, PGN-regulated AP-1 activation and cytokine expression in microglia remains unclear. This study investigated how PGN influences the signaling pathway involved in IL-6 production in microglia. IL-6 mRNA and protein level up-regulation were increased by PGN in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, PGN increased toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) expression, but not TLR4 receptor up-regulation. Administration of TLR2 siRNA or TLR2 neutralized antibody effectively inhibited PGN-induced IL-6 expression. In contrast, PGN-induced IL-6 mRNA and protein up-regulation were attenuated by the SAPK/JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) inhibitor SP600125. Treatment of microglia with PGN increased levels of JNK phosphorylation and c-Jun phosphorylation, and up-regulated of JNK kinase activity. Treatment of microglia with AP-1 inhibitors (Tanshinone IIA and curcumin) effectively reduced PGN-induced IL-6 expression. PGN also significantly increased c-Fos and phospho-c-Jun translocation to nucleus. In line with this, PGN also increased AP-1-DNA complexes formation, as determined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Furthermore, PGN also increased IL-6 transcription activity determined by transfection with IL-6 promoter construct plasmid. Co-transfection with dominant negative mutant of JNK (DN-JNK), or treatment with SP600125, curcumin, or Tanshinone IIA effectively antagonized PGN-increased IL-6 transcription activity. Our data demonstrate that PGN-induced IL-6 expression is mediated by AP-1 activation through the TLR2 and JNK/c-Jun pathways in microglia.
Expression of genes for subunits of plant‐type RuBisCO from <i>Chromatium</i> and production of the enzymically active molecule in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1985)

A DNA fragment containing genes for both large (A) and small (B) subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) from a photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium vinosum was ligated with vectors for expressing unfused proteins and introduced into cells of Escherichia coli. The expressers of RuBisCO were screened on agar plates using the specific antibody raised against the native enzyme from Chromatium. The production of both subunits A and B in the expressers was demonstrated by an immunoblotting experiment. The amount of RuBisCO produced in the E. coli cells was as high as 15% of the total soluble protein after induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside. The specific activity of enzyme molecules produced in E. coli was nearly the same as that of the original Chromatium enzyme. On gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography the two enzymes showed identical elution behavior, strongly indicating their similar quaternary structures.