gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A negative-resistance sense amplifier for low-voltage operating STT-MRAM (2015)

This paper exhibits a 65-NM 8-Mb spin transfer torque magnetoresistance random access memory (STT-MRAM) operating at 0.38V. The proposed sense amplifier comprises a boosted-gate nMOS and negative-resistance pMOSes as loads, which maximizes the readout margin. The STT-MRAM achieves a cycle time of 1.9 μs (= 0.526 MHz) at 0.38 V. The operating power is 1.70 μW at that voltage.
Lip synchronization using linear predictive analysis (2002)

Linear predictive analysis is a widely used technique for speech analysis and encoding. The authors discuss the issues involved in its application to phoneme extraction and lip synchronization. The LP analysis results in a set of reflection coefficients that are closely related to the vocal tract shape. Since the vocal tract shape can be correlated with the phoneme being spoken, LP analysis can be directly applied to phoneme extraction. We use neural networks to train and classify the reflection coefficients into a set of vowels. In addition, average energy is used to take care of vowel-vowel and vowel-consonant transitions, whereas the zero crossing information is used to detect the presence of fricatives. We directly apply the extracted phoneme information to our synthetic 3D face model. The proposed method is fast, easy to implement, and adequate for real time speech animation. As the method does not rely on language structure or speech recognition, it is language independent. Moreover, the method is speaker independent. It can be applied to lip synchronization for entertainment applications and avatar animation in virtual environments.
Cognitive Radio Networks: Enabling New Wireless Broadband Opportunities (2008)

In this paper, we discuss the regulatory scenario for cognitive radio networks and give an overview of the emerging IEEE 802.22 standard, which is based on a dynamic spectrum access model, and provides new opportunities for wireless broadband access in rural area and remote communities. We discuss the main design challenges for the shared spectrum access model and describe how they are being addressed within the scope of the 802.22 networks. Some of the key design issues include incumbent protection, self-coexistence and spectrum management. We also highlight the new spectrum management model adopted in the 802.22 standard, which can be efficiently used under different regulatory models and rules.
Elastic net regularized regression for time-series analysis of plasma metabolome stability under sub-optimal freezing condition (2018)

In this paper, the stability of the plasma metabolome at -20 °C for up to 30 days was evaluated using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometric metabolomics analysis. To follow the time-series deterioration of the plasma metabolome, the use of an elastic net regularized regression model for the prediction of storage time at -20 °C based on the plasma metabolomic profile, and the selection and ranking of metabolites with high temporal changes was demonstrated using the glmnet package in R. Out of 1229 (positive mode) and 1483 (negative mode) metabolite features, the elastic net model extracted 32 metabolites of interest in both positive and negative modes. L-gamma-glutamyl-L-(iso)leucine (tentative identification) was found to have the highest time-dependent change and significantly increased proportionally to the storage time of plasma at -20 °C (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.6378 [positive mode], R<sup>2</sup> = 0.7893 [negative mode], p-value < 0.00001). Based on the temporal profiles of the extracted metabolites by the model, results show only minimal deterioration of the plasma metabolome at -20 °C up to 1 month. However, majority of the changes appeared at around 12-15 days of storage. This allows scientists to better plan logistics and storage strategies for samples obtained from low-resource settings, where -80 °C storage is not guaranteed.
Blockade by Botulinum Neurotoxin B of Catecholamine Release from Adrenochromaffin Cells Correlates with Its Cleavage of Synaptobrevin and a Homolog Present on the Granules (1995)

Botulinum neurotoxin type B blocks transmitter release via a selective endoproteolysis of the small clear vesicle membrane protein synaptobrevin that is essential for neuro-exocytosis. In view of the distinct characteristics of exocytosis of adrenochromaffin granules and considering the controversy over the presence of synaptobrevin on the latter, this study aimed to determine the molecular basis of the inhibition by this toxin of secretion from chromaffin cells. Thus, affinity-purified antibodies against a synaptobrevin synthetic peptide were used to quantify its concentrations in subcellular fractions of bovine adrenal medulla. The latter, as well as density gradient centrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography, showed that > 70% of the protein copurifies with the granules and their marker, dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Notably, much lower concentrations of synaptobrevin and synaptophysin were found in chromaffin granules than in synaptic small clear vesicles (approximately 9% and approximately 2%, respectively); however, isolated granule membranes exhibited greater enrichments (approximately 35% and approximately 9%). A second immunoreactive protein was colocalized with synaptobrevin on chromaffin granules; in view of its susceptibility to the toxin and lower M(r), it is assumed to be cellubrevin and, also, because of its high homology. Involvement of synaptobrevin and cellubrevin in Ca(2+)-triggered granule exocytosis was established by the demonstrated correlation between the extent of botulinum neurotoxin B-induced inhibition of secretion and their selective proteolysis following introduction of the toxin into intact chromaffin cells. On the basis of these collective findings, it is concluded that these proteins occur on chromaffin granules and one or both are essential for exocytosis.
La réactivité du verre. Le caractère autocatalytique du mecanisme de dissolution de la maille silicique du verre dans un mélange aqueux d'acides fluorhydrique et chlorhydrique (1988)

L'étude expérimentale de dissolution de la maille silicique du verre dans des mélanges aqueux d'acides fluorhydrique et chlorhydrique à pH différents a montré que les protons jouent un double rôle dans le processus de dissolution. Les protons adsorbés sur la surface catalysent aussi bien la réaction des ions HF2- avec la surface que la réaction des molécules HF avec celle-ci. Par contre les protons présents dans la solution diminuent la concentration des ions HF2-, pour la même concentration en HF, en diminuant l'efficacité de l'acide fluorhydrique dans le processus de dissolution. En effet, nous avons pu montrer que la constante de vitesse de réaction des ions HF2- avec la surface est beaucoup plus grande que la constante de vitesse de réaction des molécules HF avec la surface.
Creating “Smart” Surfaces Using Stimuli Responsive Polymers (2002)

Surfaces modified with stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) dynamically alter their physico-chemical properties in response to changes in their environmental conditions. The triggered control of interfacial properties provided by immobilized SRPs at the solid–water interface has application in the design of biomaterials, regenerable biosensors, and microfluidic bioanalytical devices. In this article, we briefly summarize recent research in this area, followed by two recent examples of research from our laboratory on stimuli-responsive surfaces. First, we present a new assay to quantify the phase transition behavior of SRPs at the solid–water interface. This assay, which is based on the distance-dependent colorimetric properties of gold nanoparticles, provides a technically simple and convenient method to determine the effect of different variables on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of SRPs at the solid–water interface. Second, we show that stimuli-responsive surfaces can be created by the immobilization of an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), a thermally responsive biopolymer, on a glass surface. We exploit the phase transition of the ELP at a surface to reversibly address an ELP fusion protein to a surface. This method, which we term thermodynamically reversible addressing of proteins (TRAP), enables the reversible, spatio-temporal modulation of protein binding at the solid-liquid interface, and will enable the realization of new bioanalytical applications.
A Chiral Synthesis of Four Stereoisomers of 1,3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, an Inducer of Parkinson-like Syndrome. (2000)

Four stereoisomers of 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, an inducer of Parkinson-like syndrome, were synthesized by applying a new method of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) synthesis utilizing the Pummerer reaction as a key step. The chiral centers at C-1 and C-3 were constructed by two routes starting from alaninol (3) and 1-phenylethylamine (4) as a chiral source. Enantiomerically pure 1,3-dimethyl-TIQs (1R,3S)-(2) [corrected], (1S,3R)-(ent-2) [corrected], (1S,3S)-(1) [corrected], and (1R,3R)-(ent-1) [corrected] were prepared in a stereochemically unambiguous manner from 3 in 11 steps (route I) and from 4 in 6 steps (route II). The conformations of tetrahydroisoquinoline ring in 1-methyl, 3-methyl, and 1,3-dimethyl-TIQs were discussed on the basis of their CD, 1H-NMR spectra, and steric energies.
A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis (2007)

Endoglin is a membrane glycoprotein that acts as a coreceptor for transforming growth factor-beta. We and others have previously suggested a function of endoglin as a tumor suppressor in epithelial cancer. Here, we study the expression of endoglin during chemical mouse skin carcinogenesis. We find that shedding of membrane endoglin, allowing the secretion of a soluble endoglin form, is a late event associated with progression from squamous to spindle cell carcinomas. Knockdown of endoglin in transformed keratinocytes activates the Smad2/3 signaling pathway resulting in cell growth arrest, delayed tumor latencies, and a squamous to spindle phenotypic conversion. Forced expression of the long endoglin isoform in spindle carcinoma cells blocks transforming growth factor-beta1 stimulation of Smad2/3 signaling and prevents tumor formation. In contrast, expression of the short endoglin isoform has no effect on spindle cell growth in vitro or in vivo. Our results show that endoglin behaves as a suppressor of malignancy during the late stages of carcinogenesis. Therefore, disruption of membrane endoglin emerges as a crucial event for progression to spindle cell carcinomas.
Antimalarial Xanthones from<i>Garcinia cowa</i> (1998)

Five xanthones from the bark of Garcinia cowa, namely 7-O-methylgarcinone E (1), cowanin (2), cowanol (3), cowaxanthone (4), and beta-mangostin (5), were found to possess in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values ranging from 1.50 to 3.00 micrograms/ml. Complete 1H- and 13C-NMR assignments of these compounds are also reported.
Synthesis and Structure of WNCl3 and Evidence for Structural Modifications with Bound Chlorocarbon Solvents (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Structure of WNCl3 and Evidence for Structural Modifications with Bound Chlorocarbon SolventsM. R. Close and R. E. McCarleyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 19, 4198–4201Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00097a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00097a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Newness and Givenness of Information (2012)

The identification of new versus given information within a text has been frequently investigated by researchers of language and discourse. Despite theoretical advances, an accurate computational method for assessing the degree to which a text contains new versus given information has not previously been implemented. This study discusses a variety of computational new/given systems and analyzes four typical expository and narrative texts against a widely accepted theory of new/given proposed by Prince (1981). Our findings suggest that a latent semantic analysis (LSA) based measure called span outperforms standard LSA in detecting both new and given information in text. Further, span outperforms standard LSA for distinguishing low versus high cohesion versions of text. Our results suggest that span may be a useful variable in a wide array of discourse analyses.
A memetic theory of interorganizational information systems (IOIS) emergence and evolution: A longitudinal case study of IOIS for trade facilitation (2014)

Interorganizational information systems (IOISs) have become the core platform of today's digital economy. Despite their increasing importance, little is known about how they emerge, evolve into their current form, and coevolve with social institutions that develop, regulate, use, and maintain them. In addition to examining an IOIS at the macro level (i.e., IOIS of a specific technology, an organization, a community of practice, or an industry) like most researchers, this study put a spotlight on the smallest elements that constitute the existence of an IOIS, i.e., "meme"-a term coined by Richard Dawkins, an evolutionary biologist, to refer to information, knowledge, and ideas that serve as a unit of cultural transmission. Inspired by Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics and inheritance and Darwin's theory of natural selection, a memetic theory of IOIS emergence and evolution was developed to provide an alternative explanation for IOIS emergence and evolution as well as its coevolution with the environment. The theory was operationalized with four propositions and tested with data from a 17-year longitudinal case of the IOIS that has been implemented for use in the international trade domain. The empirical study confirms the usefulness of a meme-centered view, Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics and inheritance, and Darwin's theory of natural selection in explaining the process in which an IOIS emerges and evolves. It reveals the roles of memes in securing commitment and support from project sponsors, getting all the stakeholders on board, and providing basic design parameters and raw materials necessary for the existence of an IOIS. It uncovers the fact that social, economic, and political happenings are not the only environmental forces that cause memes that are crucial for the existence of an IOIS to emerge and evolve. The emergence and evolution of one meme is also driven by the existence of other memes. There are memes that emerge to allow traits of pre-existing memes to be properly expressed and memes that build on pre-existing memes by using them as resources for their conception. The study also unveils criteria in which memes are selected to be incorporated into an IOIS and the role of perception on meme selection. It explains the chaotic nature of decisions toward implementing IOIS as well as the rationality of some irrational decisions. Although the case study spanned from 1995-2012, only a few instances of coevolution between an IOIS and social institutions and communities that develop, regulate, use, and change it were detected. To better understand this kind of phenomenon, additional data must be collected in the years to come.
STUDIES ON FLAVINS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS—II*. PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF RIBOFLAVIN IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN (1966)

Abstract— The photodegradation of riboflavin by 436 mμ monochromatic light and of lumichrome by white nonfiltered light was studied in a set of organic solvents including ethanol, acetone, dioxane, pyridine and acetic acid. For comparison, water was used as a solvent. Photolysis was carried out in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Riboflavin and lumichrome were found to be effectively stabilized towards the action of light by hydrogen bonds with solvent molecules, and consequently are most light‐stable in water solutions. The overall scheme of riboflavin photolysis in organic solvents seems to be the same as in aqueous solutions. Lumichrome has been found as the main product of riboflavin photolysis in the organic solvents tested.
E-maintenance (2010)

E-maintenance is the synthesis of two major trends in todays society: the growing importance of maintenance as a key technology and the rapid development of information and communication technology. E-maintenance gives the reader an overview of the possibilities offered by new and advanced information and communication technology to achieve efficient maintenance solutions in industry, energy production and transportation, thereby supporting sustainable development in society. Sixteen chapters cover a range of different technologies, such as: new micro sensors, on-line lubrication sensors, smart tags for condition monitoring, wireless communication and smart personal digital assistants. E-maintenance also discusses semantic data-structuring solutions; ontology structured communications; implementation of diagnostics and prognostics; and maintenance decision support by economic optimisation. It includes four industrial cases that are both described and analysed in detail, with an outline of a global application solution. E-maintenance is a useful tool for engineers and technicians who wish to develop e-maintenance in industrial sites. It is also a source of new and stimulating ideas for researchers looking to make the next step towards sustainable development.
Precipitation of calcium carbonate in the presence of rhamnolipids in alginate hydrogels as a model of biomineralization (2022)

This paper reports the effects of rhamnolipids presence in the alginate hydrogel and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> solution, on the precipitation of CaCO<sub>3</sub> in the Ca<sup>2+</sup> loaded alginate hydrogel. Characteristics of the formed particles are discussed. Model conditions containing alginate hydrogel and rhamnolipids were used in order to mimic the natural environment of biomineralization in biofilms. It has been shown that rhamnolipids affect the characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate effect of using these biosurfactants depends on their concentration as well as whether they are directly present in the hydrogel matrix or the carbonate solution surrounding the hydrogel. The greatest effect compared to the control samples was found for the rhamnolipids in the form of micelles directly present in the hydrogel with the CaCl<sub>2</sub> cross-linked solution at concentration of 0.05 M. These conditions result in the highest increase in vaterite content, specific surface area, and pore volume. The mechanism of CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation in alginate hydrogel containing rhamnolipids has been proposed.
The Molecular Basis of COVID-19 Pathogenesis, Conventional and Nanomedicine Therapy (2021)

In late 2019, a new member of the Coronaviridae family, officially designated as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), emerged and spread rapidly. The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak was accompanied by a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Within the Coronaviridae family, SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be the third most highly pathogenic virus that infects humans, following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Four major mechanisms are thought to be involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis, including the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) signaling pathway, oxidative stress and cell death, cytokine storm, and endothelial dysfunction. Following virus entry and RAS activation, acute respiratory distress syndrome develops with an oxidative/nitrosative burst. The DNA damage induced by oxidative stress activates poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), viral macrodomain of non-structural protein 3, poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), and transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) channel in a sequential manner which results in cell apoptosis or necrosis. In this review, blockers of angiotensin II receptor and/or PARP, PARG, and TRPM2, including vitamin D3, trehalose, tannins, flufenamic and mefenamic acid, and losartan, have been investigated for inhibiting RAS activation and quenching oxidative burst. Moreover, the application of organic and inorganic nanoparticles, including liposomes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and iron oxides, as therapeutic agents for SARS-CoV-2 were fully reviewed. In the present review, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are explained by focusing on molecular mechanisms. Potential therapeutic targets, including the RAS signaling pathway, PARP, PARG, and TRPM2, are also discussed in depth.
Solar vector magnetograph for Max 1991 programs (1988)

An instrument for measuring solar magnetic fields is under construction. Key requirements for any solar vector magnetograph are high spatial resolution, high optical throughput, fine spectral selectivity, and ultralow instrumental polarization. An available 25 cm Cassegrain telescope will provide 0.5 arcsec spatial resolution. Spectral selection will be accomplished with a 150 mA filter based on electrically tunable solid Fabry-Perot etalon. Filter and polarization analyzer design concepts for the magnetograph are described in detail. The instrument will be tested at JHU/APL, and then moved to the National Solar Observatory in late 1988. It will be available to support the Max 1991 program.
Estimation of brain state changes associated with behavior, stimulation and epilepsy (2009)

Brain state dynamics vary at different spatiotemporal scales with behavior, stimulation, and disease, and may be unobserved (latent). Using a state-space model framework and subspace identification, we estimated spatiotemporally localized, latent state changes associated with the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to assess the effect of stimulation on brain state dynamics. State appeared to be modulated by behavior in a spatially-specific manner and small-amplitude state fluctuations were temporally locked to stimulus presentations. In addition, during and following TMS, an overall, bilateral and spatially nonspecific decrease in brain state was observed. We also estimated brain state changes during seizure evolution (independent of TMS), in focal and generalized seizures, which have very different epileptogenesis and propagation mechanisms, possibly resulting also in distinct spatiotemporal dynamics. Indeed, our preliminary results showed that in focal seizures, temporally localized dynamic state changes occur at least 1 min prior to seizure onset, with a decrease in steady-state followed by an increase which reaches a maximum during the ictal interval. In contrast, no such dynamic pattern was evident in state estimates during generalized seizures.