gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic resolution of acrosomal exocytosis in human sperm (2008)

An essential step in mammalian fertilisation is the sperm acrosome reaction (AR) - exocytosis of a single large vesicle (the acrosome) that surrounds the nucleus at the apical sperm head. The acrosomal and plasma membranes fuse, resulting in both the release of factors that might facilitate penetration of the zona pellucida (which invests the egg) and the externalisation of membrane components required for gamete fusion. Exocytosis in somatic cells is a rapid process - typically complete within milliseconds - yet acrosomal enzymes are required throughout zona penetration - a period of minutes. Here, we present the first studies of this crucial and complex event occurring in real-time in individual live sperm using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. Simultaneous imaging of separate probes for acrosomal content and inner acrosomal membrane show that rapid membrane fusion, initiated at the cell apex, is followed by exceptionally slow dispersal of acrosomal content (up to 12 minutes). Cells that lose their acrosome prematurely (spontaneous AR), compromising their ability to penetrate the egg vestments, are those that are already subject to a loss of motility and viability. Cells undergoing stimulus-induced AR (progesterone or A23187) remain viable, with a proportion remaining motile (progesterone). These findings suggest that the AR is a highly adapted form of exocytosis.
12-OH-Nevirapine Sulfate, Formed in the Skin, Is Responsible for Nevirapine-Induced Skin Rash (2013)

Nevirapine (NVP) treatment is associated with a significant incidence of skin rash in humans, and it also causes a similar immune-mediated skin rash in Brown Norway (BN) rats. We have shown that the sulfate of a major oxidative metabolite, 12-OH-NVP, covalently binds in the skin. The fact that the sulfate metabolite is responsible for covalent binding in the skin does not prove that it is responsible for the rash. We used various inhibitors of sulfation to test whether this reactive sulfate is responsible for the skin rash. Salicylamide (SA), which depletes 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in the liver, significantly decreased 12-OH-NVP sulfate in the blood, but it did not prevent covalent binding in the skin or the rash. Topical application of 1-phenyl-1-hexanol, a sulfotransferase inhibitor, prevented covalent binding in the skin as well as the rash, but only where it was applied. In vitro incubations of 12-OH-NVP with PAPS and cytosolic fractions from the skin of rats or from human skin also led to covalent binding that was inhibited by 1-phenyl-1-hexanol. Incubation of 12-OH-NVP with PAPS and sulfotransferase 1A1*1, a human isoform that is present in the skin, also led to covalent binding, and this binding was also inhibited by 1-phenyl-1-hexanol. We conclude that salicylamide did not deplete PAPS in the skin and was unable to prevent covalent binding or the rash, while topical 1-phenyl-1-hexanol inhibited sulfation of 12-OH-NVP in the skin and did prevent covalent binding and the rash. These results provide definitive evidence that 12-OH-NVP sulfate formed in skin is responsible for NVP-induced skin rashes. Sulfotransferase is one of the few metabolic enzymes with significant activity in the skin, and it may be responsible for the bioactivation of other drugs that cause skin rashes.
Iatrogenic neuropathies (2009)

Peripheral neuropathy can be associated with anti-TNFalpha therapy or interferon alpha therapy, and to the contrary, anti-TNFalpha therapy or interferon alpha therapy may have potential as a treatment option for a spectrum of immune-mediated neuropathy, similar to a double-edged sword. To take advantage of the effect of chemotherapy and to reduce neurotoxicity, a guideline of dose modification is useful.
Sites of Memory: Positioning thresholds of artistic identity (2011)

Through an education the individual learner can affect changes as he or she achieves a set of skills and knowledge that will provide opportunities to operate within a chosen discipline or context pushing beyond the known. As learners make their way in the world assuming and reframing their identities they create and recreate life stories within personally constructed spaces and places. As the concept of a self forms and reforms, what has existed becomes transformed and assimilated into a changed identity. This transformation of self also involves challenges that confront conceptual beliefs and understandings not only within an educational context, but also within other facets of life. This paper will discuss Thresholds Concepts in relation to artistic identity and will argue that preoccupation with the ways we might influence learners in terms of knowledge acquisition can distract from other important notions of learning and self. While concentrating on the external drivers such as discipline content we can easily ignore or conveniently forget that there may be other drivers that are internalised and adopted as a motivating force in the desire for authorising an identity or identities. Such drivers may well be the most important elements in the acquisition of knowledge and the successful crossing of life's thresholds.
The chloromethylketone protease inhibitor AAPF<sub>CMK</sub> also targets ATP‐dependent helicases and SAP‐domain proteins (2006)

We have been studying a nuclear protease, which appears to be involved in cellular transformation, as well as in infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). This protease has a chymotrypsin-like substrate specificity and the chloromethylketone inhibitor AAPF(CMK) is a potent (and relatively selective) inhibitor of it. Recently, we have observed that AAPF(CMK) has potent effects in some model systems which appear not to be mediated by decreases in the nuclear protease. Here we show that AAPF(CMK) selectively reacts with ATP-dependent helicases as well as a limited spectrum of proteins in other DNA repair/chromatin remodeling nuclear complexes, including for example Cohesin complex components and proteins containing SAP-domains. In vitro, AAPF(CMK) selectively reacts with SV40 large T antigen, and inhibits its helicase activity.
Knowledge-based control of grasping in robot hands using heuristics from human motor skills (1993)

The development of a grasp planner for multifingered robot hands is described. The planner is knowledge-based, selecting grasp postures by reasoning from symbolic information on target object geometry and the nature of the task. The ability of the planner to utilize task information is based on an attempt to mimic human grasping behavior. Several task attributes and a set of heuristics derived from observation of human motor skills are included in the system. The paper gives several examples of the reasoning of the system in selecting the appropriate grasp mode for spherical and cylindrical objects for different tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrical Properties of Mesoporous Silicon: From a Surface Effect to Coulomb Blockade and More (2009)

Since the publication of the paper oV. Lehmann, F. Hofmann, F. Moeller, and U. Gruening, Thin Solid Films, 255, 2 (1995), a great deal of effort has been produced to understand the basic mechanisms ruling the electron transport in Si mesostructures and how these phenomena are affected by the external environment. After more than 10 years of studies on mesoporous silicon in interaction with gas molecules, the latest experimental evidences and physical insights have been revealed, such as gas sensitivity, chemisorption phenomena, coulomb blockade, and glassy dynamics at room temperature. But by reading that former paper, the feeling of an extraordinary comprehension and intuition of the physical mechanisms occurring in this fascinating material con- tinuously accompanied the reader. A review of these major results, starting from the first evidence of a strong interaction with nitrogen dioxide, to the in situ Fourier transform IR and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies, and to the more recent electronic transport experiments on this material was reported, which follows Lehmann’s intuitions in his paper.
Subthreshold Dynamics in Periodically Stimulated Squid Giant Axons (1996)

Action potentials resulting from periodic stimulation of nerve axons occur at intervals that are irregular at moderate stimulation frequencies. Histograms of the intervals are multimodal, as seen in stochastic resonance. At higher stimulation frequencies, the action potentials are suppressed entirely, leaving only subthreshold dynamics. Return maps constructed from data show that both types of response are governed by the same deterministic one-dimensional description, with an unstable subthreshold fixed point largely accounting for the irregular intervals at moderate stimulation frequencies.
Stereospecific Polymerization of β-Alkyl-β-propiolactone (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific Polymerization of β-Alkyl-β-propiolactoneKiyoshi Teranishi, Makoto Iida, Takeo Araki, Shinsuke Yamashita, and Hisaya TaniCite this: Macromolecules 1974, 7, 4, 421–427Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60040a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60040a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Yeast Sen1 Helicase Protects the Genome from Transcription-Associated Instability (2011)

Sen1 of S. cerevisiae is a known component of the NRD complex implicated in transcription termination of nonpolyadenylated as well as some polyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts. We now show that Sen1 helicase possesses a wider function by restricting the occurrence of RNA:DNA hybrids that may naturally form during transcription, when nascent RNA hybridizes to DNA prior to its packaging into RNA protein complexes. These hybrids displace the nontranscribed strand and create R loop structures. Loss of Sen1 results in transient R loop accumulation and so elicits transcription-associated recombination. SEN1 genetically interacts with DNA repair genes, suggesting that R loop resolution requires proteins involved in homologous recombination. Based on these findings, we propose that R loop formation is a frequent event during transcription and a key function of Sen1 is to prevent their accumulation and associated genome instability.
Structure and Morphology Evolution of Hematite (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Nanoparticles in Forced Hydrolysis of Ferric Chloride (2008)

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were prepared by forced hydrolysis of ferric chloride under acidic pH conditions. Without introduction of any additives, hematite nanoparticles with varying sizes and morphologies were obtained by controlling the nucleation rate, Fe3+ concentration, and aging time. Synthesized primary nanocrystals show such morphologies as cubic, spherical, sheetlike, and hexagonal structures and unusual disklike and tetrahedral aggregates. In addition to previous findings that phase transformation usually occurs from akaganeite (β-FeOOH) to hematite during forced hydrolysis, direct transformation of amorphous iron oxides to crystalline hematite at an early stage of hydrolysis were also observed and confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analysis.
Farsi Font Face Recognition in Letter Level (2012)

Most of the presented papers about font recognition, are in block or line level. In this paper a new approach is presented which is able to recognize font of a Farsi document image in letter level. In this approach using the Euclidean distance between spatial descriptors and gradient value in each boundary point of some special Farsi letters in a document image its font is recognized. To implement and evaluate this approach we constructed a dataset consisting of some templates in 25 widely used Farsi fonts and another dataset including 500 Farsi document images. Obtained recognition rate was 98.7%.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single rising doses of BI 655064, an antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody in healthy subjects: a potential novel treatment for autoimmune diseases (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01510782.
Über die Kondensation von Oxalester mit Dimethylketol (1907)

Kondensation von OxaJester mit DimethylketoL [
Log analysis using Splunk Hadoop Connect (2017)

The purpose of this research it to use Splunk and Hadoop to do timestamp analysis on computer logs. Splunk is a commercial data analytics tool. Hadoop is a system for large-scale distributed storage and processing. This research ingested computer logs from two kinds of forensic data from the Real Data Corpus to establish a baseline and find anomalies. We analyzed timestamps and EventIDs on more than two thousand logs across hundreds of drives. Additionally, we used packet captures from Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis to test Hadoop's ability to store and transfer data between Hadoop Distributed File System and Splunk. We used Splunk Hadoop Connect for data transfer between a Splunk server and a Hadoop cluster. Splunk was able to effectively identify and represent statistical anomalies in log files. These anomalies could reveal misconfiguration, security concerns, or unusual but harmless traffic. Splunk could also easily transfer data to relatively inexpensive commodity servers using Splunk Hadoop Connect.
Fracture of Thick Graphite/Epoxy Laminates with Part-Through Surface Flaws (1986)

An experimental investigation of the fracture behavior of tension specimens containing part-through semi-elliptic surface flaws was conducted utilizing T300/5208 graphite/epoxy laminates with a [0/±45/90]10s stacking sequence. The notched strength of the specimens was found to be influenced by the flaw aspect ratio as well as flaw depth. Using a value of fracture toughness previously obtained for this material system, linear elastic isotropic fracture mechanics predicted the influence of the flaw shape and size on the notched strength.
Xenobiology: A new form of life as the ultimate biosafety tool (2010)

Synthetic biologists try to engineer useful biological systems that do not exist in nature. One of their goals is to design an orthogonal chromosome different from DNA and RNA, termed XNA for xeno nucleic acids. XNA exhibits a variety of structural chemical changes relative to its natural counterparts. These changes make this novel information-storing biopolymer "invisible" to natural biological systems. The lack of cognition to the natural world, however, is seen as an opportunity to implement a genetic firewall that impedes exchange of genetic information with the natural world, which means it could be the ultimate biosafety tool. Here I discuss, why it is necessary to go ahead designing xenobiological systems like XNA and its XNA binding proteins; what the biosafety specifications should look like for this genetic enclave; which steps should be carried out to boot up the first XNA life form; and what it means for the society at large.
An Interconnecting Technology for RF MEMS Heterogeneous Chip Integration (2010)

An interconnecting technology using a Au-Au thermocompressive bond has been successfully developed for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) heterogeneous chip integration in this paper. The Daisy chain and RF transition structures are both designed and fabricated for the electrical characterization of the interconnect scheme. Measured dc contact resistance is about 14 ±5 m¿ for the bonding interface of Ni (1 ¿m)/Au (0.4 ¿m)/Au (0.4 ¿m)/Ni (1 ¿m) with a pad size of 40 ¿m in diameter. The electrical transition between two chips, which have coplanar waveguides (CPWs) and microstrip lines, respectively, can be well interconnected with less than - 15 dB return loss and - 1.8 dB insertion loss up to 50 GHz without implementing complex structure designs and extra impedance matching networks in the transition by employing this technology. Meanwhile, it is found that the mechanical strength for the interconnecting bond can be as large as 100 MPa. A low-power RF low-noise amplifier has been successfully designed, fabricated, and utilized in this paper to demonstrate the feasibility of the interconnecting technology for RF MEMS heterogeneous chip integration by integrating a Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation 0.18-¿m RF complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor chip with a silicon carrier, where high <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> MEMS inductors are fabricated and utilized for good circuit performance in terms of excellent impedance matching, power gain, and gain flatness.
A Comparative Study of Several Classical, Discrete Differential and Isogeometric Methods for Solving Poisson’s Equation on the Disk (2014)

This paper outlines and qualitatively compares the implementations of seven different methods for solving Poisson’s equation on the disk. The methods include two classical finite elements, a cotan formula-based discrete differential geometry approach and four isogeometric constructions. The comparison reveals numerical convergence rates and, particularly for isogeometric constructions based on Catmull–Clark elements, the need to carefully choose quadrature formulas. The seven methods include two that are new to isogeometric analysis. Both new methods yield O(h3) convergence in the L2 norm, also when points are included where n 6≠ 4 pieces meet. One construction is based on a polar, singular parameterization; the other is a G1 tensor-product construction.
AEROSOL THERAPY OF INFLUENZA INFECTIONS OF MICE AND PRIMATES WITH RIMANTADINE, RIBAVIRIN, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS * (1977)

Josh recaps: edgy tweets from left-wing media figures, kids in cages with reverse timelines, right-wing influencers in shambles &#38; actually existing in-game socialism.\n
Novel genetic immunotoxins and intracellular antibodies for cancer therapy. (1996)

In our recent studies we have developed two novel approaches with potential application for cancer therapy. One approach, termed genetic immunotoxins, is selectively targeted to the molecules on the cell surface to kill malignant cells. The genetic immunotoxin consists of an antibody-DNA-binding protein linked to a toxin expression plasmid DNA, and the selective cell killing of the genetic immunotoxin is accomplished by transferring toxin expression DNAs into a target cell. The genetic immunotoxin with decreased immunogenicity and increased cytotoxicity may have significant advantages over currently described recombinant protein immunotoxins for cancer therapy. Another approach, termed intracellular antibodies, is targeted to inactivate an oncoprotein molecule inside cells to block the malignant growth by intracellular expression of engineered antibodies. We briefly illustrate the design of the two approaches and their potential for clinical applications.
Nascent-seq indicates widespread cotranscriptional pre-mRNA splicing in <i>Drosophila</i> (2011)

To determine the prevalence of cotranscriptional splicing in Drosophila, we sequenced nascent RNA transcripts from Drosophila S2 cells as well as from Drosophila heads. Eighty-seven percent of the introns assayed manifest >50% cotranscriptional splicing. The remaining 13% are cotranscriptionally spliced poorly or slowly, with ∼3% being almost completely retained in nascent pre-mRNA. Although individual introns showed slight but statistically significant differences in splicing efficiency, similar global levels of splicing were seen from both sources. Importantly, introns with low cotranscriptional splicing efficiencies are present in the same primary transcript with efficiently spliced introns, indicating that splicing is intron-specific. The analysis also indicates that cotranscriptional splicing is less efficient for first introns, longer introns, and introns annotated as alternative. Finally, S2 cells expressing the slow RpII215(C4) mutant show substantially less intron retention than wild-type S2 cells.
Delay analysis of coupled transmission lines (2002)

In this paper, we analyze coupled transmission lines and obtain a relationship between the moments of the coupled transfer functions. We then derive expressions for the first and second moments of the coupled transfer function which can be used to compute the response and threshold delays under various input excitations. We can compute the interconnect delay under parasitic coupling effects by using the previously derived analytic delay formulas for step and ramp inputs. We also present the analysis to compute the general k/sup th/ moment for the coupled interconnect lines.
Design and preparation of a single-band tunable metamaterial absorber in terahertz frequency (2020)

Abstract A metamaterial-based absorber is designed and measured in the 13–16 THz range. An absorption peak of 93% amplitude is achieved at resonance frequency 14.2 THz, which is excited by the bright-bright modes coupling effect. In the first set of experiments, the structural parameter D is reduced from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>26</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>25.6</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> resulting in this absorption peak being enhanced from 93% to 97.2% and the resonance frequency moving from 142.THz to 14.65 THz. In the second set of experiments, the thickness of SU-8 layer is increased from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> resulting in this absorption peak being increased to 99.1% and the resonance frequency shifting 14.05 THz when the thickness of SU-8 layer is increased from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:math> When the incidence angle of electromagnetic wave reaches 75, up to 85% absorption rate is obtained. Since the STO layer reveals the temperature-dependent property, the resonance frequency can be controlled by changing the ambient temperature.