gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting of Injectable Drug Nanocrystals (2014)

"Nano" drug delivery carriers are established technologies for improving the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic drugs and overcoming formulation challenges of poorly water-soluble compounds. Two important remaining challenges, however, are the need to formulate drugs on a case-by-case basis (due to the specific chemistry of each drug) and the difficulty associated with transporting large amounts of drug specifically to the site of the tumor (in part because of moderate to poor drug loadings). One of the most valuable "nano" opportunities in this field is to address these challenges by creating nanocarriers composed of the drug itself, in the form of so-called nanocrystals. However, "nano" creates both opportunities and challenges for targeted drug delivery, which are critically discussed in both in vitro and in vivo settings in this contribution.
Structure of human sperm DNA and background damage, analysed by in situ enzymatic treatment and digital image analysis (2004)

DNA breakage detection-fluorescence in situ hybridization (DBD-FISH) is a procedure to detect and quantify DNA breaks in situ, on a cell-by-cell basis. A comparison between sperm nuclei versus peripheral blood leukocytes using this method demonstrated that the nucleoids from mature human sperm are 12.7 times more sensitive to alkaline denaturation than those from human peripheral blood leukocytes. To investigate the origin of this alkali sensitivity, different approaches were employed. First, free 3'-OH ends of background DNA breaks were labelled by Klenow polymerase, or by DNA polymerase I following the in situ nick translation assay. Second, the presence of abasic sites, the other recognized DNA lesions that lends to constitutive alkali sensitivity, and DNA breaks with blocked 3' ends, were determined by in situ exonuclease III digestion prior to the polymerase labelling. The results demonstrated that the sperm nucleoid contains approximately 2.5-fold higher density of background DNA breaks with 3'-OH ends, and also approximately 2.8-fold higher density of basal abasic sites and DNA breaks with blocked 3' termini, than leukocytes. These differences only partially explain the significant alkali sensitivity of sperm DNA. However, in situ digestion with mung bean nuclease before DNA break labelling showed that sperm DNA is 9-fold more enriched in segments of ssDNA than DNA from leukocytes. The high frequency of partially denatured regions may result from a greater torsional stress of DNA loops in sperm chromatin due to its higher degree of compaction. Moreover, these short unpaired ssDNA stretches should be included in the category of alkali-labile sites detected by all techniques that measure DNA breaks through an alkaline unwinding step. These results provide new insights into the nature of DNA packaging in sperm nuclei.
Internal drainage of low permeability backfill soils of geosynthetic reinforced earth walls (2001)

The focus of this thesis is to study the potential of internal drainage materials for geosynthetic reinforced earth walls. In addition, design methods for such internal drainage within the reinforcement soil zone of geosynthetic reinforced earth wall were also developed. In order to analyze the behavior of internal drainage and seepage flow rates finite difference methods are employed. Major parameters considered are the existence of front drainage, in-plane permeability of the geosynthetic (typically a needle punched nonwoven geotextile), permeability of reinforced/retained soil, geosynthetic length/wall height ratio, wall height, geosynthetic spacing, and backfill inclination. Various conclusions were drawn with respect to the factors mentioned above. Transmissivity testing with foam as superstrate and substrate was performed on potential products for the purpose of providing data for analyses and design. The tests, short-term and extended-term tests (100hr), are based on ASTM D4716. During both types of testing, the ultimate flow rate and transmissivity of each product was measured. Two alternative design methods of internal drainage in geosynthetic reinforced earth walls were developed; one is design by seepage flow rate and the other is design by total seepage force. Internal drainage design by seepage flow rate assigns actual drainage to the geosynthetic in the system while comparing required and allowable flow rate at each potential drainage geosynthetic location. Internal drainage design by total seepage force determines the optimal solution for internal drainage of geosynthetic reinforced earth walls while comparing hypothetical total seepage force and actual total seepage force at the end of reinforcement geosynthetic by using simulations. Using the results of these two design methods, the number of drainage layers required by total seepage force method is generally equal to or less than by seepage flow rate method. However, both methods show potential over the existing approach of assuming uniform drainage within equally spaced layers. Optimal design approaches using example problems are included.
Inducible cyclooxygenase‐derived 15deoxy Δ <sup>12‐14</sup> PGJ <sub>2</sub> brings about acute inflammatory resolution in rat pleurisy by inducing neutrophil and macrophage apoptosis (2003)

Failure of acute inflammation to resolve leads to persistence of the inflammatory response and may contribute to the development of chronic inflammation. Thus, an understanding of inflammatory resolution will provide insight into the etiology of chronic inflammation. In an acute pleurisy, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were found to predominate at the onset of the lesion but decreased in number by undergoing apoptosis, the principal mechanism by which PMNs died in this model. PMNs were progressively replaced by monocytes, which differentiated into macrophages. As with PMNs, macrophages also underwent programmed cell death leading to an abatement of the inflammatory response and eventual resolution. It was found that apoptosis of both these inflammatory cell types was mediated by pro-resolving cyclooxygenase 2-derived 15deoxyDelta12-14PGJ2, which is uniquely expressed during active resolution. Although PMN programmed cell death is well understood, the observation that macrophages apoptose during resolution of acute inflammation is less well described. These results provide insight into the mechanisms that switch off acute inflammation and prevent complications of wound healing and potentially the development of immune-mediated chronic inflammation.
The Acetobacteraceae: Extending the Spectrum of Human Pathogens (2006)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Network traffic signature generation mechanism using principal component analysis (2013)

The Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) method is a popular method that can accurately identify the flow data and its corresponding application. Currently, the DPI method is widely used in common network management systems. However, the major limitation of DPI systems is that their signature library is mainly extracted manually, which makes it hard to efficiently obtain the signature of new applications. Hence, in this paper, we propose an automatic signature extraction mechanism using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technology, which is able to extract the signature automatically. In the proposed method, the signatures are expressed in the form of serial consistent sequences constructed by principal components instead of normally separated substrings in the original data extracted from the traditional methods. Extensive experiments based on numerous sets of data have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, and the results prove that the newly proposed method can achieve good performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Emerging therapies and therapeutic concepts for lysosomal storage diseases (2013)

Introduction: The success of the first enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) and the regulatory and commercial incentives provided by authorities for orphan and rare diseases has spawned a massive interest for developing drugs for these intriguing but devastating genetic disorders. The potential for new drugs in this arena is vast, as not only a high number of LSDs have no available therapy, but also alternative therapeutic approaches for diseases with existing treatment are much needed as a number of challenges facing the existing therapies have become very obvious. A significant unmet medical need is therefore apparent for most, if not all of the LSDs and the development of new therapies based on the increasing knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these devastating diseases is therefore anticipated with great interest from all stakeholders. Areas covered: The reader will be introduced to the intricate biological processes involved in lysosomal regulation and how these are exploited for current and emerging therapies. Therapies utilizing these processes will be thoroughly reviewed with regard to their mechanism of action, their clinical status and the challenges they are faced with and/or are aiming to address. For this review, a literature research has been undertaken that covers the years 1955 – 2012. Expert opinion: The interest in lysosomal biology and disease has surged over the past decade not only in the halls of science but also of pharmaceutical companies. As the complexity of the LSDs increasingly become revealed, so do novel therapeutic targets continuously nurturing the development of new candidate drugs for these devastating diseases. Among this multitude of approaches, the ERTs still account for the vast majority of approved therapies but a number of exciting alternative approaches are emerging targeting various components of the pathophysiological cascade. This evolution of the field is much needed as the presently available treatments are unable to address all clinical aspects of these multifaceted diseases. Future therapy will most likely consist of combinations of these established and emerging approaches as well as other yet to be discovered concepts as the complexity of the diseases demands a certain degree of humbleness to the expectations for a cure based on a single therapy.
A human B‐cell interactome identifies MYB and FOXM1 as master regulators of proliferation in germinal centers (2010)

Assembly of a transcriptional and post-translational molecular interaction network in B cells, the human B-cell interactome (HBCI), reveals a hierarchical, transcriptional control module, where MYB and FOXM1 act as synergistic master regulators of proliferation in the germinal center (GC). Eighty percent of genes jointly regulated by these transcription factors are activated in the GC, including those encoding proteins in a complex regulating DNA pre-replication, replication, and mitosis. These results indicate that the HBCI analysis can be used for the identification of determinants of major human cell phenotypes and provides a paradigm of general applicability to normal and pathologic tissues.
The Essential Human Cytomegalovirus Gene UL52 Is Required for Cleavage-Packaging of the Viral Genome (2007)

Replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) produces large DNA concatemers of head-to-tail-linked viral genomes that upon packaging into capsids are cut into unit-length genomes. The mechanisms underlying cleavage-packaging and the subsequent steps prior to nuclear egress of DNA-filled capsids are incompletely understood. The hitherto uncharacterized product of the essential HCMV UL52 gene was proposed to participate in these processes. To investigate the function of pUL52, we constructed a DeltaUL52 mutant as well as a complementing cell line. We found that replication of viral DNA was not impaired in noncomplementing cells infected with the DeltaUL52 virus, but viral concatemers remained uncleaved. Since the subnuclear localization of the known cleavage-packaging proteins pUL56, pUL89, and pUL104 was unchanged in DeltaUL52-infected fibroblasts, pUL52 does not seem to act via these proteins. Electron microscopy studies revealed only B capsids in the nuclei of DeltaUL52-infected cells, indicating that the mutant virus has a defect in encapsidation of viral DNA. Generation of recombinant HCMV genomes encoding epitope-tagged pUL52 versions showed that only the N-terminally tagged pUL52 supported viral growth, suggesting that the C terminus is crucial for its function. pUL52 was expressed as a 75-kDa protein with true late kinetics. It localized preferentially to the nuclei of infected cells and was found to enclose the replication compartments. Taken together, our results demonstrate an essential role for pUL52 in cleavage-packaging of HCMV DNA. Given its unique subnuclear localization, the function of pUL52 might be distinct from that of other cleavage-packaging proteins.
Optimizing Unix database file operations (1994)

Ratfiles (RATional FILE System) by-passes the Unix kernel to perform database-file operations at nearly twice the speed of conventional file systems and offers several techniques, including atomic write and write-order discipline, to improve data integrity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-Calibrating Surface Measuring Machine (1983)

A new kind of surface-measuring machine has been developed under government contract at Itek Optical Systems, a Division of Itek Corporation, to assist in the fabrication of large, highly aspheric optical elements. The machine uses four steerable distance-measuring interferometers at the corners of a tetrahedron to measure the positions of a retroreflective target placed at various locations against the surface being measured. Using four interferometers gives redundant information so that, from a set of measurement data, the dimensions of the machine as well as the coordinates of the measurement points can be determined. The machine is, therefore, self-calibrating and does not require a structure made to high accuracy. A wood-structured prototype of this machine was made whose key components are a simple form of air bearing steering mirror, a wide-angle cat's eye retroreflector used as the movable target, and tracking sensors and servos to provide automatic tracking of the cat's eye by the four laser beams. The data are taken and analyzed by computer. The output is given in terms of error relative to an equation of the desired surface. In tests of this machine, measurements of a 0.7 m diameter mirror blank have been made with an accuracy on the order of 0.2µm rms.
Decarbonylative Approach to the Synthesis of Enamides from Amino Acids: Stereoselective Synthesis of the (<i>Z</i>)-Aminovinyl-<scp>d</scp>-Cysteine Unit of Mersacidin (2012)

The Pd- and Ni-promoted decarbonylation of amino acid thioesters proceeds smoothly to yield enamides. The synthesis of the (S)-(Z)-AviMeCys subunit of mersacidin, an MRSA-active lantibiotic, via this approach, is described.
Crystallization<i>in cubo</i>: general applicability to membrane proteins (2000)

Obtaining well ordered crystals of membrane proteins is the single most serious stumbling block in the pursuit of their high-resolution structures. The applicability of lipidic cubic phase-mediated crystallization is demonstrated on a diverse set of bacterial membrane proteins: two photosynthetic reaction centres, a light-harvesting complex and two retinal proteins, halorhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin. Despite marked differences in molecular dimensions, subunit composition and membrane origin, one single lipid, monoolein, is sufficient to form a crystallization matrix for all the aforementioned systems. Therefore, the lipidic cubic phase approach is proposed as a general method for crystallizing membrane proteins.
Elastin: Biosynthesis, Structure, Degradation and Role in Disease Processes (1982)

Most of you know that elastin is a connective tissue protein, although most of you probably don’t want to admit it. Elastin has a more restricted distribution than collagen does and, of course, therefore there are less people working on elastin than on collagen. Nevertheless, I think that in the last few years people are beginning to realize that it has tremendous application to a number of medical problems, and particularly in the relationship to lung disease and arterial vessel disease. Figure 1 is taken from a twenty-day old chick embryo lung. Now, most of you who are fascinated with hard, rigid molecules don’t even want to admit that this rather amorphous looking material is a fibrous protein. The elastic fiber itself is composed of two components: amorphous elastin, which I am going to talk about exclusively this morning and which we ordinarily think of when we use the word elastin; and another component, the so-called microfibrillar component which has definitely a different composition from the amorphous component which is rich in glycine, alanine, proline, valine and other hydrophobic amino acids. This microfibrillar material on the outside is much more acidic, and it apparently has a lot of cysteine in it.’ Very little is actually known about the microfibrillar component. I think, in summary, it is fair to say that a lot of the reports that have come out in the past few years, allegedly describing microfibrillar component, are doubtful. I think there truly has to be a lot of work done on that particular component. What is known about the chemical and physical structure of the elastin molecule? What are our best guesses as to how it is organized in the fiber? In most pictures of elastin one sees very little structure. This is true when one is doing ordinary sections and ordinary types of staining. However, if elastin is prepared under certain conditions such as in the classical Lansing way by boiling a tissue in 0.1N sodium hydroxide and operationally defining whatever is left as elastin, this remaining material, when negatively stained, possesses a fibrillar structure as has been reported by a number of investigators. Figure 2 is taken from a picture of Lorenzo Gotte’ who has been one of the primary advocates of an internal fibrillar structure of that amorphous component. I think it is fair to say that it is still an ongoing controversy whether this fibrillar structure is an artifact. People have suggested that it is some kind of contaminant that has been floating around and has been picked up and put into the EM, or that this is an artifact resulting from the way in which the specimen has been prepared. These fibrillar diameters have varied from the smallest one, about fifteen Angstroms, up to fifty Angstroms or so. Based upon this kind of EM studies, people have suggested that there is some kind of internal structure. This implies some ordering of the molecules. Unfortunately, how
LED Driver Based on Input Current Shaper Without Electrolytic Capacitor (2017)

This paper presents a high-power-factor light-emitting diode (LED) driver implemented by using an input current shaper technique. A flyback converter operating in DCM is placed between the main rectifier and dc bus, in order to increase the conduction angle of the rectifier diodes and to decrease the current harmonics injected to the mains. A buck converter performs the LED power control stage, which is integrated with the flyback by sharing the same active switch, thus presenting reduced component count. The use of a flyback converter operating as a loss-free resistor provides reduced power processing, increasing the converter's overall efficiency. The two-stage configuration allows bus capacitor reduction, owing to the effect of low frequency filtering provided by the second stage. In this way, electrolytic capacitors can be avoided, thus increasing reliability of the LED driver. An analysis of the effects of the bus voltage ripple caused by the capacitance reduction is performed. The driver also presents dimming capability. Analysis and design example of the proposed converter are presented. Experimental results of the proposed converter supplying an LED luminaire of 50 V/2.1 A LEDs are shown. The prototype presented high power factor, PF = 0.97, harmonic distortion of input current satisfying the IEC 61000-3-2 requirements, THD = 22.3%, and high efficiency, η = 91.1%.
Chelation: A Fundamental Mechanism of Action of AGE Inhibitors, AGE Breakers, and Other Inhibitors of Diabetes Complications (2012)

This article outlines evidence that advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitors and breakers act primarily as chelators, inhibiting metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions that catalyze AGE formation. We then present evidence that chelation is the most likely mechanism by which ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldose reductase inhibitors inhibit AGE formation in diabetes. Finally, we note several recent studies demonstrating therapeutic benefits of chelators for diabetic cardiovascular and renal disease. We conclude that chronic, low-dose chelation therapy deserves serious consideration as a clinical tool for prevention and treatment of diabetes complications.
The Right Answer Is Communication When Capstone Engineering Courses Drive The Questions (2006)

New graduates striving to become successful engineers must use communication to interact with superiors and colleagues. This paper reports the results of a four-year development program using the capstone design course as a driver for developing engineers? communication skills. Faculty assessment of the program, as well as post-graduation feedback from the program?s graduates, is included. Significant benefits from this approach include preparing students to enter a communication-based engineering workplace through a just-in-time learning experience that enhances students? buy-in to the material. Programmatic advantages include having a curriculum that supports ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) 2000 ideals.
Evaluation of Drug Candidates for Preclinical Development (2009)

Evaluation of drug candidates for preclinical development , Evaluation of drug candidates for preclinical development , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Is secure and usable smartphone authentication asking too much? (2015)

It is argued that there is nothing wrong with having multiple smartphone authentication systems - each adapted to different device capabilities and mobile contexts - as long as they're complementary and don't detract from the user experience.
Extraction of ribosomal proteins by displacement with protamine (1968)

FEBS LettersVolume 1, Issue 1 p. 16-20 Full-length articleFree Access Extraction of ribosomal proteins by displacement with protamine J.S. Roth, J.S. Roth Department of Cell Physiology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm U.K.Search for more papers by this authorT. Hultin, T. Hultin Department of Cell Physiology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm U.K.Search for more papers by this author J.S. Roth, J.S. Roth Department of Cell Physiology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm U.K.Search for more papers by this authorT. Hultin, T. Hultin Department of Cell Physiology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm U.K.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 01, 1968 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(68)80007-9Citations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue1July 01, 1968Pages 16-20 ReferencesRelatedInformation