gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ABC of wound healing: Diabetic foot ulcers (2006)

Diabetic foot ulcers can be divided into two groups: those in neuropathic feet (so called neuropathic ulcers) and those in feet with ischaemia often associated with neuro-pathy (so called neuroischaemic ulcers). The neuropathic foot is warm and well perfused with palpable pulses; sweating is diminished, and the skin may be dry and prone to fissuring. The neuroischaemic foot is a cool, pulseless foot; the skin is thin, shiny, and without hair. There is also atrophy of the subcutaneous tissue, and intermittent claudication and rest pain may be absent because of neuropathy.

The crucial difference between the two types of feet is the absence or presence of ischaemia. The presence of ischaemia may be confirmed by a pressure index (ankle brachial pressure index <1). As many diabetic patients have medial arterial calcification, giving an artificially raised ankle systolic pressure, it is also important to examine the Doppler arterial waveform. The normal waveform is pulsatile with a positive forward flow in systole followed by a short reverse flow and a further forward flow in diastole, but in the presence of arterial narrowing the waveform shows a reduced forward flow and is described as “damped.”

Neuropathic ulcers usually occur on the plantar aspect of the foot under the metatarsal heads or on the plantar aspects of the toes.

The most common cause of ulceration is repetitive mechanical forces of gait, which lead to callus, the most important preulcerative lesion in the neuropathic foot. If allowed to become too thick, the callus will press on the soft tissues underneath and cause ulceration. A layer of whitish, macerated, moist tissue found under the surface of the callus indicates that the foot is close to ulceration, and urgent removal of the callus is necessary. If the callus is not removed, inflammatory autolysis and haematomas develop under …
Usefulness of Leukocyte Esterase Test Versus Rapid Strep Test for Diagnosis of Acute Strep Pharyngitis (2015)

From data configuration Rapid Strep versus LE test don't seem to be a random (independent) assignment but extremely aligned. The Statistical results show rapid and LE show very agreeable results. Calculated Value of Chi Squared Exceeds Tabulated under 1 Degree Of Freedom (P<.0.0001) reject Null HYPOTHESIS and Conclude Alternative Conclusions: Leukocyte esterase on throat swab is as useful as rapid strep test for rapid diagnosis of strep pharyngitis on test strip currently used for urine dip stick causing acute pharyngitis in children.
Translation elongation factor 1-α gene as a potential taxonomic and identification marker in dermatophytes (2014)

Intra- and interspecies variations of the translation elongation factor 1-α (Tef-1α) gene were evaluated as a new identification marker in a wide range of dermatophytes, which included 167 strains of 30 species. An optimized pan-dermatophyte primer pair was designed, and the target was sequenced. Consensus sequences were used for multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis and the levels of intra- and interspecific nucleotide polymorphism were assessed. Between species, the analyzed part of the Tef-1α gene varied in length from 709 to 769 nucleotides. Significant numbers of species including Trichophyton rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. schoenleinii, T. concentricum, T. violaceum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum ferrugineum, M. canis, M. audouinii, T. equinum, T. eriotrephon, and T. erinacei were invariant in Tef-1α and had sufficient barcoding distance with neighboring species. Although overall consistency was found between ITS phylogeny as the current molecular marker of dermatophytes and Tef-1α, a higher discriminatory power of Tef-1α appeared particularly useful in some clades of closely related species such as the A. vanbreuseghemii, T. rubrum, A. benhamiae, and A. otae complexes. Nevertheless, we stress that a single gene can not specify species borderlines among dermatophytes and multiple lines of evidence based on a multilocus inquiry may ascertain an incontrovertible evaluation of kinship.
Bandwidth of spectral resolution for the ‘‘C-O-G’’ effect in vowel-like complex sounds (1997)

Several investigators [e.g., Chistovitch et al. (1979); Carson et al. (1975); Beddor and Hawkins (1990)] report that listeners match an adjustable single-formant to the spectral center of gravity of a two-formant signal, as long as the two formants are separated by 3.5 Bark or less. This suggests that listeners use some form of spectral averaging in processing vowel sounds. Assmann’s 1991 results do not confirm the C-O-G predictions. The preliminary work [Feth et al. (1996)] used the double-staircase procedure to confirm the C-O-G effect for two-formant complex sounds using both periodic pulse train and white noise excitation of the filter used to generate the signals. In the work to be reported here, the relationship between the C-O-G effect and an independent measure of spectral resolution is explored. In 1977, Feth and O’Malley used two-component complex tones described by Voelcker (1966) to estimate spectral resolving power. Resolution bandwidths paralleled the growth of the critical bandwidth with center frequency, but were 2.5–3 times wider. For the same listeners, the limit of spectral averaging for the C-O-G effect and the resolution bandwidth using Voelcker tone pairs have been measured. These results will be compared with predictions of an IWAIF model. [Work supported by a grant from AFOSR.]
Phagocytosis-shielded lentiviral vectors improve liver gene therapy in nonhuman primates (2019)

Lentiviral vectors with high surface content of CD47 improved gene transfer efficiency to hepatocytes in nonhuman primates.
Raman spectroscopy as a detection and analysis tool for <i>in vitro</i> specific targeting of pancreatic cancer cells by EGF‐conjugated, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were covalently linked to epidermal growth factor (EGF) proteins through an esterification process that was found to be responsible for the docking of SWCNTs on the human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) surface, thus providing a mechanism for the enhanced delivery and internalization of the nanotubes. Micro Raman spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the delivery process and kinetics of the SWCNTs. In vitro studies indicated that the delivery kinetics of SWCNT-EGF conjugates, at a concentration of 85 µg ml(-1), to the PANC-1 cell surfaces was significant in the first 30 min of incubation, but reached a plateau with time in accordance with the establishment of equilibrium between the association and the dissociation of EGF with the cell receptors. SWCNT-EGF conjugates could act as strong thermal ablation agents and could induce higher percentages of cellular death compared with the nontargeted SWCNTs alone.
DynaHand: Observation-resistant recognition-based web authentication (2007)

Authentication in a Web environment is severely constrained by a minimal expectation of an infrastructure made up of software, hardware, and operator expertise. The traditional mechanism, passwords, is outliving its usefulness in the Web arena. This article presents results from a field test of a graphical authentication system called DynaHand, which utilizes biometrics, i.e. human handwriting recognition, in a graphical authentication mechanism. We also present a tool that supports the analysis of errors evidenced during the authentication process, making it possible to classify failed attempts as either due to genuine user error or failed intrusions. In the case of the former, the tool helps to reduce the occurrence of such genuine errors by identifying distractor images that could potentially cause confusion due to their similarity to target images.
A Novel Thermal Technology of Formation Treatment Involves Bi-Wellhead Horizontal Wells (2009)

Abstract The Republic of Tatarstan possesses significant reserves of heavy oil and bitumen (more than 1.4 bln. tons), major portion of which are found in the Ufimian and Kazanian stages of Permian age. About 450 deposits have been discovered at rather shallow depths, 50 - 250 m subsurface. The first pilot project on heavy oil production through vertical wells dates back to 1970-ies. A number of thermal methods were tested including in-situ combustion, cyclic steam stimulation and gas-steam mixture injection. However, all these methods demonstrated their insufficiency. In 2006, a new pilot project was launched. This is a modified technology of steam stimulation through a pair of U-shaped horizontal wells. To date, three pairs of U-shaped horizontal wells have been drilled with the lengths of horizontal wellbores from 200 to 400 m. The wells were spudded vertically with a vertical drilling rig, hitting the surface at an angle, having thus two wellheads, vertical and slanted. The wells were completed from the surface: the casing with the sand screen was pulled from the slanted wellhead for the entire length of the wellbore. Two parallel horizontal wells were drilled through the producing formation, one above the other, at a vertical distance of 5 m. The bi-wellhead design contributed significantly to production increase. Based on modeling with STARS package, various operating practices have been proposed. The flow management was achieved through change of the produced fluid and injected steam volumes, as well as change of steam injection and pump setting points. All these made it possible to form steam chamber uniformly, avoid steam breakthrough, and increase oil production with minimum steam-bitumen ratio. The average production rate of the experimental horizontal wells is ten times higher than that of the offset vertical wells. Current steam-bitumen ratio makes 3.5 t/t.
Conformational Studies by Dynamic NMR. 58.<sup>1</sup> Stereodynamics of C−C and C−N Rotation in Furan and Thiophene <i>o</i>-Amino Thioaldehydes and Aldehydes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTConformational Studies by Dynamic NMR. 58.1 Stereodynamics of C−C and C−N Rotation in Furan and Thiophene o-Amino Thioaldehydes and AldehydesLodovico Lunazzi, Andrea Mazzanti, Piero Spagnolo, and Alessandro Degl'InnocentiView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry "A. Mangini", University of Bologna, Risorgimento, 4, Bologna 40136, Italy Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Florence, G. Capponi, 9, Florence, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 7, 2263–2266Publication Date (Web):April 4, 1997Publication History Received21 October 1996Published online4 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961971thttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961971tbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Chemical structure,Hydrogen,Kinetic parameters,Thiophenes Get e-Alerts
[Nerve growth factor (NGF)--the current state of knowledge]. (1989)

As Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is probably the growth factor most extensively studied so far, it serve as a model of other growth factors. NGF regulates the survival of specific populations of neurons during critical periods of their development. NGF is also essential to the development and maintenance of specific functional properties of these neurons and to the ability of certain neurons to regenerate.
Effects of Fluorine Doping on Nickel-Rich Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

Three fluorine-doped lithium nickel oxide samples series (LiNiO 2−x F x , LiNi 1−x Mg x O 2−x F x ; Li 1+x/2 Ni 1−x/2 O 2−x F x ) were prepared and investigated. It is suggested that fluorine was introduced into the lattice structure during the calcination. As fluorine is introduced into LiNiO 2−x F x and LiNi 1−x Mg x O 2−x F x the percentage of Ni (or Ni and Mg) in the Li layer increases for x > 0.05. However, adding excess Li in Li 1+x/2 Ni 1−x/2 O 2−x F x sucessfully balances the charge differential introduced by fluorine doping therefore very little Ni 2+ was created and the lithium layers remain “uncontaminated” by other metals. Data from Li/LiNiO 2−x F x , Li/LiNi 1−x Mg x O 2−x F x and Li/Li 1+x/2 Ni 1−x/2 O 2−x F x cells mirror the percent of cation mixing as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement in each case. In situ XRD of Li 1.1−x Ni 0.9 O 1.8 F 0.2 shows no multipule phase transitions which further suggests fluorine was successfully doped into the lattice. Acclelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) experiments show a potential safety advantage brought by fluorine doping. pH titration was used to explore if residual LiF (if any) at the surface converted to other lithium compounds (LiOH, Li 2 O or Li 2 CO 3 ). No evidence of residual LiF was found.
Natural prenylated resveratrol analogs arachidin-1 and -3 demonstrate improved glucuronidation profiles and have affinity for cannabinoid receptors (2011)

Prenylated stilbenoids may be preferable alternatives to tRes due to increased bioavailability via slowed metabolism. Similar structural analogs might be developed as novel CB therapeutics for obesity and/or drug dependency.
A process, voltage, and temperature compensated CMOS constant current reference (2004)

In this paper, a CMOS constant current reference over PVT (process, voltage and temperature) variations is presented. The drain current of a MOS device gives the reference current, which is compensated for process variations by exploiting the physical relationship between K'(/spl mu/C/sub ox/) and V/sub T/ across various process corners. It is also compensated for power supply and temperature variations by a PTAT voltage reference, which aids in the generation of the reference current. In order to prove the proposed concept, simulation results from 0.25 /spl mu/m, 0.18 /spl mu/m, 0.13 /spl mu/m, and 90 nm CMOS processes are presented.
An algorithm to extract camera-shaking degree and noise variance in the peak-trace domain (1998)

A method is proposed which estimates the degree of motion blur caused by the shaking of a digital camera during the exposure time. A new domain called the peak-trace domain is introduced to clearly specify the signal dominant region (used for extracting the camera-shaking degree) and the noise dominant region (used for estimating the noise variance). The experimental results show that the proposed method offers an efficient way to precisely detect the camera shaking and to restore the noisy blurred image.
Automatic detection of text genre (1997)

As the text databases available to users become larger and more heterogeneous, genre becomes increasingly important for computational linguistics as a complement to topical and structural principles of classification. We propose a theory of genres as bundles of facets, which correlate with various surface cues, and argue that genre detection based on surface cues is as successful as detection based on deeper structural properties.
Active sensory tuning for immersive spatialized audio (2000)

Presented of the 6th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Atlanta, GA, April 2-5, 2000
CdSe/ZnS quantum dot fluorescence spectra shape-based thermometry via neural network reconstruction (2016)

As a system of interest gets small, due to the influence of the sensor mass and heat leaks through the sensor contacts, thermal characterization by means of contact temperature measurements becomes cumbersome. Non-contact temperature measurement offers a suitable alternative, provided a reliable relationship between the temperature and the detected signal is available. In this work, exploiting the temperature dependence of their fluorescence spectrum, the use of quantum dots as thermomarkers on the surface of a fiber of interest is demonstrated. The performance is assessed of a series of neural networks that use different spectral shape characteristics as inputs (peak-based—peak intensity, peak wavelength; shape-based—integrated intensity, their ratio, full-width half maximum, peak normalized intensity at certain wavelengths, and summation of intensity over several spectral bands) and that yield at their output the fiber temperature in the optically probed area on a spider silk fiber. Starting from neural networks trained on fluorescence spectra acquired in steady state temperature conditions, numerical simulations are performed to assess the quality of the reconstruction of dynamical temperature changes that are photothermally induced by illuminating the fiber with periodically intensity-modulated light. Comparison of the five neural networks investigated to multiple types of curve fits showed that using neural networks trained on a combination of the spectral characteristics improves the accuracy over use of a single independent input, with the greatest accuracy observed for inputs that included both intensity-based measurements (peak intensity) and shape-based measurements (normalized intensity at multiple wavelengths), with an ultimate accuracy of 0.29 K via numerical simulation based on experimental observations. The implications are that quantum dots can be used as a more stable and accurate fluorescence thermometer for solid materials and that use of neural networks for temperature reconstruction improves the accuracy of the measurement.
Optimal transform for segmented parametric speech coding (2002)

In voice coding applications where there is no constraint on the encoding delay, such as store and forward message systems or voice storage, segment coding techniques can be used to achieve a reduction in data rate without compromising the level of distortion. For low data rate linear predictive coding schemes, increasing the encoding delay allows one to exploit any long term temporal stationarities on an interframe basis, thus reducing the transmission bandwidth or storage needs of the speech signal. Transform coding has previously been applied in low data rate speech coding to exploit both the interframe and the intraframe correlation. This paper investigates the potential for optimising the transform for segmented parametric representation of speech.
Ligand-Induced Structural Changes in Maltose Binding Proteins Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (2008)

We use atomic force microscopy (AFM) based force-compression measurements to probe the ligand-induced functional conformational changes in surface-immobilized dicysteine-terminated maltose binding proteins (dicys-MBPs). The proteins are immobilized at well-defined locations directly on Au substrates using the previously reported technique of nanografting. By measuring the difference between the ligand-free and ligand-bound mechanical work performed by the AFM-tip during the protein compression, we determine the open-closed transition energy for dicys-MBPs to be DeltaE0 = (8 +/- 4) Kcal/mol. We also compare the binding kinetics of two different ligands (maltose and maltotriose) to dicys-MBPs by performing AFM-friction measurements. We show that our results are consistent with a simple model for the surface-immobilized dicys-MBPs: the protein consists of two rigid lateral lobes connected by a hinge-loaded spring.
A short synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-ribo-D-pentopyranose (1985)

J. T. Welch and S. Eswarakrishnan, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 186 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000186
CloudWatcher: Network security monitoring using OpenFlow in dynamic cloud networks (or: How to provide security monitoring as a service in clouds?) (2012)

Cloud computing is becoming a popular paradigm. Many recent new services are based on cloud environments, and a lot of people are using cloud networks. Since many diverse hosts and network configurations coexist in a cloud network, it is essential to protect each of them in the cloud network from threats. To do this, basically, we can employ existing network security devices, but applying them to a cloud network requires more considerations for its complexity, dynamism, and diversity. In this paper, we propose a new framework, CloudWatcher, which provides monitoring services for large and dynamic cloud networks. This framework automatically detours network packets to be inspected by pre-installed network security devices. In addition, all these operations can be implemented by writing a simple policy script, thus, a cloud network administrator is able to protect his cloud network easily. We have implemented the proposed framework, and evaluated it on different test network environments.
Increase Apparent Public Speaking Fluency by Speech Augmentation (2019)

Fluent and confident speech is desirable to every speaker. But professional speech delivering requires a great deal of experience and practice. In this paper, we propose a speech stream manipulation system which can help non-professional speakers to produce fluent, professional-like speech content, in turn contributing towards better listener engagement and comprehension. We propose to achieve this task by manipulating the disfluencies in human speech, like the sounds uh and um, the filler words and awkward long silences. Given any unrehearsed speech we segment and silence the filled pauses and doctor the duration of imposed silence as well as other long pauses (disfluent) by a predictive model learned using professional speech dataset. Finally, we output a audio stream in which speaker sounds more fluent, confident and practiced compared to the original recorded speech. According to our quantitative evaluation, we significantly increase the fluency of speech by reducing rate of pauses and fillers.
DNA flow cytometry of human semen (1999)

The aim of this study was the evaluation of DNA flow cytometry for the analysis of male infertility. 171 ejaculates from 155 patients with fertility problems were analysed by flow cytometry and by conventional microscopical procedures. Using flow cytometry, it was possible to determine the relative proportions of the various cell populations: mature haploid and abnormal diploid mature spermatozoa, cellular fragments, immature germ cells (haploid round spermatids, diploid cells, S phase and 4C cells), and of leukocytes as indicators of infection. A linear association was observed between sperm concentration in semen as quantified by light microscopy and by flow cytometry, even with fewer than 20x10(6) spermatozoa/ml. Eight classes of histograms, each with differing fractions of spermatozoa and other particles, were obtained and correlated with the results of the spermiograms. During the 10 year follow-up, the two patient groups with a low sperm concentration or a high concentration of cellular debris exhibited significantly impaired fertility. The two patient groups with >/=5% diploid spermatozoa and with malcondensed sperm chromatin were also subfertile. No ovulatory disorders were revealed in the 155 female partners. DNA flow cytometry thus provides an additional dimension to semen analysis not easily gained by other methods and has the advantage of being rapidly performed and interpreted. We therefore recommend application of this technique in the diagnosis of male infertility.