gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Oligomers for the Control and Fixation of Spatial Organization in Nanoparticle Assemblies (2008)

Interactions in nanoparticle assemblies play an important role in modulating their interesting magnetic and optical properties. Controlling and fixing the distance between nanoparticles is therefore crucial to the development of next-generation nanodevices. Here, we show that the interparticle distance in two-dimensional assemblies can be quantitatively controlled by functionalizing the nanoparticles with short polymers containing one functional end group that binds to the nanoparticle. Carboxy-functional poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) ligands are attached to the nanoparticle surface by a simple ligand exchange process with the oleic acid synthesis ligands. The distance between nanoparticles is manipulated by adjusting either the number of PDMS ligands per molecule or their molecular weight. The use of PDMS ligands is unique in that they provide a means to permanently and robustly fix the spatial distribution of nanoparticles because PDMS is readily converted to silicon oxide by a simple UV/ozone treatment. The distance between nanoparticles can be designed a priori, as it is found to scale well with theoretical predictions for the thickness of the surface-bound polymer brush layer.
Electronic Structure of Antiferromagnetically Coupled Dinuclear Manganese (Mn<sup>III</sup>Mn<sup>IV</sup>) Complexes Studied by Magnetic Resonance Techniques (1998)

The following dinuclear exchange-coupled manganese complexes are investigated: [dtneMnIIIMnIV(μ-O)2μ-OAc](BPh4)2 (dtne = 1,2-bis(1,4,7-triazacyclonon-1-yl)ethane), [(CH3)4dtneMnIIIMnIV(μ-O)2μ-OAc](BPh4)2 ((CH3)4dtne = 1,2-bis(4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclonon-1-yl)ethane), [(CH3)4dtneMnIVMnIV(μ-O)2μ-OAc](ClO4)3, [(tacn)2MnIIIMnIV(μ-O)2μ-OAc](BPh4)2 (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane), [bpy4MnIIIMnIV(μ-O)2](ClO4)3 (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridyl), and [phen4MnIIIMnIV(μ-O)2](ClO4)3 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). For three of these complexes, X-ray structural data obtained on single crystals are reported here. All complexes are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled, with exchange coupling constants ranging from J = −110 cm-1 (bis-μ-oxo-μ-acetato-bridged) to −150 cm-1 (bis-μ-oxo-bridged). EPR investigations at X- and Q-band frequencies are reported for all five mixed-valence MnIIIMnIV complexes. G tensors and 55Mn hyperfine coupling constants (hfc's) were obtained by simultaneous simulation of the EPR spectra at both frequency bands. By using the vector model of exchange-coupled systems, tensor axes could be related to the molecular structure of the complexes. Hyperfine coupling constants from 55Mn cw-electron−nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) spectra were in agreement with those obtained from the simulation of the EPR spectra. Ligand hyperfine couplings (1H and 14N) were also measured using cw-ENDOR spectroscopy. Electron spin−echo envelope modulation spectroscopy (ESEEM) spectra yielded information about small 14N hyperfine and quadrupole coupling constants that could not be resolved in the ENDOR spectra. On the basis of specifically deuterated complexes and results from orientation-selection ENDOR spectra, some proton hfc's could be assigned to positions within the complexes. Using an extended point-dipole model and the coordinates provided by the X-ray structure analysis, all dipolar hfc's of the complexes were calculated. Comparison of these hfc's with experimentally obtained values led to a consistent assignment of most hf tensors to molecular positions. The electronic structures of the investigated complexes are compared with each other, and the relevance of the results for metalloenzymes containing at least a dinuclear manganese core is discussed.
SOCaaS: Security Operations Center as a Service for Cloud Computing Environments (2014)

The management of information security operations is a complex task, especially in a cloud environment.  The cloud service layers and multi-tenancy architecture creates a complex environment in which to develop and manage an information security incident management and compliance program. This paper presents a novel security operations center (SOC) framework as a service for cloud service providers and customers. The goal is to protect cloud services against new and existing attacks as well as comply with security policies and regulatory requirements. The SOCaaS design is based on multi-governance and defense in depth models and fits within the multi-tenancy cloud services. A SOCaaS provider is a trusted entity that collects event and system logs from cloud systems to ensure proactive incident management and compliance with regulations. The proposed approach provides better managed services for customers wanting to outsource their information security operations to attain reliable, transparent, and efficient security and privacy.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant actions of gallic acid and its derivatives (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant actions of gallic acid and its derivativesOkezie I. Aruoma, Antonia. Murcia, John. Butler, and Barry. HalliwellCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 11, 1880–1885Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00035a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2733Altmetric-Citations320LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Contrasting roles for RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) in a murine model of allergic peritonitis (1999)

Cell accumulation and CC chemokine production were assessed in the peritoneal cavity of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice following antigen challenge. Intraperitoneal challenge with OVA induced a significant eosinophil influx from 6 h post-challenge with increased numbers persisting at 24 h. At 6 h there was also a marked presence of neutrophils. Messenger RNA expression and protein levels for the chemokines RANTES and MIP-1 alpha were measured in the cell pellets and supernatants, respectively, from peritoneal washes following OVA challenge. RANTES mRNA was detected from 2 h to 4 h following OVA injection, whereas mRNA for MIP-1 alpha was only detectable at 4 h. RANTES protein was first detected from 4 h after OVA injection and by 24 h the protein levels had increased further. Basal levels of MIP-1 alpha were detected in peritoneal washes. These levels peaked at 2 h after OVA challenge and rapidly declined to basal levels by 6 h. A functional role for the chemokines was assessed using neutralizing polyclonal antibodies. Co-injection of OVA with anti-RANTES antibodies resulted in a significant inhibition of eosinophil infiltration into the cavity at 6 h and 24 h (63% and 52% inhibition, respectively) without significantly influencing the number of neutrophils present. In contrast, injection of anti-MIP-1 alpha antibodies only inhibited neutrophil migration at the 6 h time point by 44% without significantly affecting the accumulation of eosinophils. These results demonstrate an important role for RANTES in mediating eosinophil influx in allergic inflammation and a contrasting role for MIP-1 alpha in mediating neutrophil recruitment.
Identification and compensation of gear backlash without output position sensor in high-precision servo systems (2002)

High-performance position control can be improved by the compensation of gear backlash. This paper presents a compensation method that does not need an output position sensor. In the first section, two different methods of on-system backlash identification are described. One method is based on dynamic reaction to a small torque impulse injected by the motor, while the other analyses the change of torque at the end of the backlash dead zone in a quasi-stationary trajectory. The second section of the paper deals with backlash compensation. Based on the identified value of backlash, the angular error of the output shaft is reduced. A self-learning time-optimal control method is described. Experimental measurements demonstrate the excellent performance and accuracy of the compensated system.
Compact static Fourier transform spectrometer with a large field of view based on liquid-crystal technology (2002)

We present designs of static Fourier transform spectrometers that are based on a Wollaston prism with a large field of view. Besides the usual advantages of static Fourier spectrometers (large resolving power, large wave-number range, high throughput), these designs also present the advantage of using relatively cheap liquid-crystal technology. The use of twisted liquid-crystal structures gives a large field of view, which in turn gives the ability to collect more light from a divergent light source. Measurements are compared with simulations. Different simulation principles are used. We found new configurations by using twisted structures that show a large field of view.
Ablation of exaggerated meal-stimulated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients after clearance of Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection. (1990)

An exaggerated increase in meal-stimulated gastrin is a common finding in patients with duodenal ulcer. Duodenal ulcer patients also exhibit an increase in the number of parietal cells, which results in an increase in maximum acid output. There are also data to suggest that acid hypersecretion may not predate the ulcer disease, but is acquired, possibly due to the trophic effects of the exaggerated gastrin release on parietal cells. We investigated meal-stimulated gastrin release in nine Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals; eight patients with chronic duodenal ulcer and one H. pylori-infected healthy control, both before and after therapy designed to eradicate H. pylori infection. We also simultaneously measured intragastric pH in six duodenal ulcer patients. Eradication of the H. pylori infection reversed the exaggerated meal-stimulated gastrin release (gastrin secretion fell from 141 + 16 pg/ml/h before treatment to 98 +/- 7 pg/ml/h after, p less than 0.01) without affecting intragastric pH. Whereas exaggerated meal-stimulated gastrin release may be an important pathogenetic feature of duodenal ulcer disease, we conclude that it is secondary to the H. pylori infection. This study provides further insight into the role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease. We postulate that reversal of the abnormalities in gastrin secretion will be associated with a gradual return of gastric secretion to normal.
Pre‐ and postmortem diffusion coefficients in rat neural and muscle tissues (1991)

Abstract Pulsed gradient diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo images (7 to 11 gradient strengths) were obtained in a coronal slice through the midbrain for five normal adult white rats before and after sacrifice in a 2‐T CSI system with air temperature control. The pulse sequence was cardiac gated and respiratory synchronized in order to minimize motion artifacts (Tr > 2 s, Te ‐ 30 ms). Diffusion coefficients reflecting several tissue compartments ( D * ) in brain and muscle were calculated and referenced to simultaneously imaged tubes of water. In the living animals, brain cortical matter had a value of D * = (0.82 ± 0.02) × 10 3 mm 2 /s, deeper brain regions had a value of D * = (0.73 ± 0.02) × 10 ‐3 mm 2 /s, and the muscle had a value of D * = (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10 3 mm 2 /s. Postmortem the values in brain dropped by approximately 30%, while remaining constant in muscle. Signal intensity in the spin‐echo images for muscle tissue rose by 50% over a 1‐ to 2‐h interval after sacrifice while that of brain tissue remained relatively stable. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Thermal Design Methodology for an Embedded Power Electronic Module Using Double-Sided Microchannel Cooling (2008)

This paper presents a thermal design methodology for an integrated power electronic module (IPEM) using embedded, single-phase, and laminar-flow rectangular microchannels. Three-dimensional packaging of electronic components in a small and compact volume makes thermal management more challenging, but IPEMs also offer the opportunity to extract heat from both the top and the bottom side of the module, enabling double-sided cooling. Although double-sided cooling of IPEMs can be implemented using traditional aluminum heat sinks, microchannels offer much higher heat transfer coefficients and a compact cooling approach that is compatible with the shrinking footprint of electronic packages. The overall goal of this work was to find the optimal microchannel configuration for the IPEM using double-sided cooling by evaluating the effect of channel placement, channel dimensions, and coolant flow rate. It was found that the high thermal conductivity copper of the direct bonded copper (DBC) layer is the most feasible location for the channels. Based on a new analytical heat transfer model developed for microchannels in IPEM structures, several design configurations were proposed in this study that employ the microchannels in the copper layers of the top and bottom DBCs. The designs included multiple parallel channels in copper as well as a single wide microchannel. The analytical model was verified using a finite element model, and the competing design configurations were compared against a commercial cooler. For a typical IPEM structure dissipating on the order of 100W of heat, it was concluded that a single microchannel DBC heat sink is preferable to multiple parallel channels under a double-sided cooling configuration, considering thermal performance, pressure drop and fabrication trade-offs.
Isolation of Sphere-Forming Stem Cells from the Mouse Inner Ear (2008)

The mammalian inner ear has very limited ability to regenerate lost sensory hair cells. This deficiency becomes apparent when hair cell loss leads to hearing loss as a result of either ototoxic insult or the aging process. Coincidently, with this inability to regenerate lost hair cells, the adult cochlea does not appear to harbor cells with a proliferative capacity that could serve as progenitor cells for lost cells. In contrast, adult mammalian vestibular sensory epithelia display a limited ability for hair cell regeneration, and sphere-forming cells with stem cell features can be isolated from the adult murine vestibular system. The neonatal inner ear, however, does harbor sphere-forming stem cells residing in cochlear and vestibular tissues. Here, we provide protocols to isolate sphere-forming stem cells from neonatal vestibular and cochlear sensory epithelia as well as from the spiral ganglion. We further describe procedures for sphere propagation, cell differentiation, and characterization of inner ear cell types derived from spheres. Sphere-forming stem cells from the mouse inner ear are an important tool for the development of cellular replacement strategies of damaged inner ears and are a bona fide progenitor cell source for transplantation studies.
3-D Gradient and Curvature Measurement Using Local Image Information (1990)

This paper describes an image processing method that measures 3-D gradient and curvature information directly from local surface information using structured moire light. The method relies on the use of a sinusoidal grating to produce the moire patterns. It is shown that the gradient can be estimated by ratioing the third and first spatial derivative of the gray-scale image, but this simple solution does not work well in practice. We derive an alternate solution that uses finite differences and computes a Least Square Estimate of the ratio for small regions of the surface. We describe the results of this method implemented on a PC-based image processing system. Initial results indicate that the method worked well, could be applied to many simple 3-D problems, and implemented on an inexpensive computer system.
Characterization of Gut Microbiomes in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Patients: A Connection Between Endogenous Alcohol and NASH (2012)

The increased abundance of alcohol-producing bacteria in NASH microbiomes, elevated blood-ethanol concentration in NASH patients, and the well-established role of alcohol metabolism in oxidative stress and, consequently, liver inflammation suggest a role for alcohol-producing microbiota in the pathogenesis of NASH. We postulate that the distinct composition of the gut microbiome among NASH, obese, and healthy controls could offer a target for intervention or a marker for disease.
Investigation of pre-existing reactivity to biotherapeutics can uncover potential immunogenic epitopes and predict immunogenicity risk (2019)

Despite recent advances in the development of tools to predict immunogenicity risk of biotherapeutic molecules, the ability of a protein to elicit the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) remains one of the most common causes for termination of clinical development programs. In this study, we use ADA assays to detect and measure pre-existing reactivity or the ability of a molecule to produce an ADA-like response in serum from treatment-naïve, healthy donors. We report herein that the magnitude of pre-existing reactivity evaluated pre-clinically and expressed as the 90th percentile of Tier 2 inhibition correlates with the subsequent rate of ADA emergence in the clinic. Furthermore, a multi-domain biotherapeutic (IgG-scFv bispecific antibody) showed the highest pre-existing reactivity and incidence of treatment-emergent ADA (TE-ADA) (57% and 93%, respectively). Using the components of the multidomain molecule in the Tier 2 step of the ADA assay, we were able to identify the scFv as the target of the serum pre-existing reactivity. Most importantly, the domain specificity of pre-existing ADA was the same as that of the TE-ADA from patients treated with the molecule. Based on these data, we propose the evaluation of the magnitude and of the domain specificity of pre-existing reactivity as a powerful tool to understand the immunogenic potential of novel biotherapeutics.
Stress Dependence of Contact Potential: The ac Kelvin Method (1970)

Measurements of the influence of stress upon contact potential necessitate the observation of shifts in contact potential of the order of 100 μV or less. The ac Kelvin technique was selected to yield this sensitivity. The application of phase sensitive detection techniques to the ac Kelvin method is discussed, and the equations are solved. The success of the method depends upon the use of a guarded field effect transistor input stage located within the Kelvin probe. The effect of nonuniform contact potentials and nonuniform capacitor plate separation is analyzed, and conditions are given for the balance point to be independent of plate spacing. The stress dependent contact potential measurements may be continuously displayed using a new nonlinear second harmonic detection scheme. This method is discussed.
Secure local area network services for a high assurance multilevel network (1999)

To reduce the cost and complexity of the current DoD information infrastructure, a Multilevel Secure (MLS) network solution eliminating hardware redundancies is required. Implementing a high assurance MLS LAN requires the ability to extend a trusted path over a TCP/IP network. No high assurance network trusted path mechanisms currently exist. We present a design and proof- of-concept implementation for a Secure LAN Server that provides the trusted path between a trusted computing base extension (TCBE) servicing a COTS PC and protocol servers executing at single sensitivity levels on the XTS-300. The trusted path establishes high assurance communications (over a TCP/IP network) between a TCBE and the Secure LAN Server. This trusted channel is used first for user authentication, then as a trusted relay between the protocol server and TCBE. All transmitted data passed over the LAN can be protected by encryption, providing assurance of integrity and confidentiality for the data. This thesis documents the implementation of a demonstration prototype Secure LAN Server using existing technology, including high assurance systems, COTS hardware, and COTS software, to provide access to multilevel data in a user-friendly environment. Our accomplishment is crucial to the development of a full scale MLS LAN.
Absorption of Dietary and Supplemental Folate in Women with Prior Pregnancies with Neural Tube Defects and Controls (1998)

We conclude that for all women synthetic folic acid as supplements or fortified foods may be the best way to increase acute folate levels in the blood, and thus delivery to the developing embryo. Further, since case women had a diminished response to both forms of the vitamin, and some case women had almost no response, we speculate that women with prior affected pregnancies may need a larger dose of folate to elicit a plasma response equivalent to the general population.
Total-Head Meter With Small Sensitivity to Yaw (1935)

The total-head meter is essentially a venturi, housing a pitot tube for obtaining the total head. In yaw the flow within the nozzle is deflected, depending upon the degree of yaw, to a greater or lesser extent into the axial direction of the nozzle. After experimenting with several nozzle forms as to their suitability, the best design was finally adopted. When, with the chosen nozzle form, the total head is 0.5 entrance section diameter downstream, the instrument supplies the genuine total head at low Reynolds Numbers up to 43 degrees yaw.
A Formalised Approach to Designing Sonification Systems for Network−Security Monitoring (2017)

Sonification systems, in which data are represented through sound, have the potential to be useful in a number of network-security monitoring applications in Security Operations Centres (SOCs). Security analysts working in SOCs generally monitor networks using a combination of anomaly-detection techniques, Intrusion Detection Systems and data presented in visual and text-based forms. In the last two decades significant progress has been made in developing novel sonification systems to further support network-monitoring tasks, but many of these systems have not been sufficiently validated, and there is a lack of uptake in SOCs. Furthermore, little guidance exists on design requirements for the sonification of network data. In this paper, we identify the key role that sonification, if implemented correctly, could play in addressing shortcomings of traditional network-monitoring methods. Based on a review of prior research, we propose an approach to developing sonification systems for network monitoring. This approach involves the formalisation of a model for designing sonifications in this space; identification of sonification design aesthetics suitable for realtime network monitoring; and system refinement and validation through comprehensive user testing. As an initial step in this system development, we present a formalised model for designing sonifications for network-security monitoring. The application of this model is demonstrated through our development of prototype sonification systems for two different use-cases within networksecurity monitoring.