gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning for Seizure Type Classification: Setting the benchmark. (2019)

Accurate classification of seizure types plays a crucial role in the treatment and disease management of epileptic patients. Epileptic seizure types not only impact the choice of drugs but also the range of activities a patient can safely engage in. With recent advances being made towards artificial intelligence enabled automatic seizure detection, the next frontier is the automatic classification of seizure types. On that note, in this paper, we explore the application of machine learning algorithms for multi-class seizure type classification. We used the recently released TUH EEG seizure corpus (V1.4.0 and V1.5.2) and conducted a thorough search space exploration to evaluate the performance of a combination of various pre-processing techniques, machine learning algorithms, and corresponding hyperparameters on this task. We show that our algorithms can reach a weighted $F1$ score of up to 0.901 for seizure-wise cross validation and 0.561 for patient-wise cross validation thereby setting a benchmark for scalp EEG based multi-class seizure type classification.
Estrous behaviors in heifers and milking cows. (1988)

Two herds of Holstein Friesian, consisting of 13 heifers or 30 milking cows were observed continuously for incidence of estrous behaviors for 28-30 days. The heifers were kept unrestrained, whereas the milking cows were stanchioned only at milking and feeding. Mounting and standing activities occurred most frequently during 6 hours from 2:00 to 8:00 h in the heifers and during 10 hours from 16:00 to 2:00 h in the milking cows. Observations around milking time was especially important for estrus detection of milking cows. Detection of estrus with 30-min observation of 5 times a day resulted in 100% reliability. Estrous behavior was enhanced when the number of estrous cows increased from one to two.
Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: association with education. The Rotterdam study (1995)

The prevalence of dementia increases exponentially with age. About one third of the population aged 85 and over has dementia. Three quarters of all dementia is due to Alzheimer's disease. In this study an inverse dose-response relation was found between education and dementia--in particular, Alzheimer's disease.
Pain control during insertion of an intrauterine device. (1995)

There is considerable variation in the intensity of discomfort felt by different women during the insertion of an IUD. Variables include: parity of the woman type of IUD skill and experience of the fitter and quality of preinsertion counseling. Pain from manipulation of the cervix and cervical canal can be stopped at the level of the internal os by using a paracervical block. An ordinary 10 ml syringe and 22 G needle may be used to inject 5 ml of 1% plain lignocaine subcutaneously about 2 cm along the cervix in each lateral fornix. Alternatively a dental syringe with a long 25 L needle may be used for cervical block using one or two cartridges with 2 ml xylocaine. 2% lignocaine gel may be applied to the surface of the cervix to numb the site of tenaculum application or to the canal itself via a sterile bacteriological swab. This technique may be useful for instrumentation of the cervix during a search for lost threads. The gel is of uncertain value for IUD fitting but if it can be delivered throughout the entire length of the canal it may be of more anesthetic value. Instillagel (11 ml of 2% lignocaine and 0.25% chlorhexidine) would seem to offer possibilities for IUD insertion; however there is concern about the possible risk of introducing infection with this technique. There have been many anecdotal reports of the use of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) the smooth muscle relaxant including spraying GTN directly onto the cervix. However GTN has not been licensed for this purpose. The dysmenorrhea-like cramping pains respond to treatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor drugs like naproxen and mefenamic acid. A premedication 500 mg dose of mefenamic acid given up to 2 hours before fitting significantly reduces the discomfort experienced after but not during the procedure. In the very anxious patient a benzodiazepine may be prescribed.
Thrombin Production and Human Neutrophil Elastase Sequestration by Modified Cellulosic Dressings and Their Electrokinetic Analysis (2011)

Wound healing is a complex series of biochemical and cellular events. Optimally, functional material design addresses the overlapping acute and inflammatory stages of wound healing based on molecular, cellular, and bio-compatibility issues. In this paper the issues addressed are uncontrolled hemostasis and inflammation which can interfere with the orderly flow of wound healing. In this regard, we review the serine proteases thrombin and elastase relative to dressing functionality that improves wound healing and examine the effects of charge in cotton/cellulosic dressing design on thrombin production and elastase sequestration (uptake by the wound dressing). Thrombin is central to the initiation and propagation of coagulation, and elastase is released from neutrophils that can function detrimentally in a stalled inflammatory phase characteristic of chronic wounds. Electrokinetic fiber surface properties of the biomaterials of this study were determined to correlate material charge and polarity with function relative to thrombin production and elastase sequestration. Human neutrophil elastase sequestration was assessed with an assay representative of chronic wound concentration with cotton gauze cross-linked with three types of polycarboxylic acids and one phosphorylation finish; thrombin production, which was assessed in a plasma-based assay via a fluorogenic peptide substrate, was determined for cotton, cotton-grafted chitosan, chitosan, rayon/polyester, and two kaolin-treated materials including a commercial hemorrhage control dressing (QuickClot Combat Gauze). A correlation in thrombin production to zeta potential was found. Two polycarboxylic acid cross linked and a phosphorylated cotton dressing gave high elastase sequestration.
Full-duplex DOCSIS: A Modem Architecture for Wideband (>1GHZ) Self-interference Cancellation for Cable Modem Termination Systems (CMTS) (2018)

In this paper, we design and study an architecture for realizing full-duplex cable modem termination system (CMTS) for DOCSIS 3.1 networks. The main echo (self-interference) in the upstream path of CMTS is the downstream signal that leaks through the splitter at CMTS, while the rest of the echoes are the reflections from the cable-modem taps. The proposed architecture addresses two main challenges in achieving wideband self-interference cancellation. The first challenge is the presence of high-powered echoes with large delays. In our architecture, a passive adder cancels all the echoes in analog-domain. The sum of echoes is locally generated in base-band, which is then sent as an input to the adder via an additional DAC. The second challenge is the presence of transmit-noise, which becomes significant for wideband systems. In our architecture, the transmit-noise is estimated and canceled using the power-amplifier output as reference, for which we employ an additional ADC. Simulations based on the measurements from a test cable plant show that over 10 Gbps upstream rates can be achieved with the proposed full-duplex CMTS architecture. When ADC has a resolution of over 12 bits, upstream rate without analog-cancelation is found to be at least 90% of that of the case with large analog-cancelation.
An effective mechanism to neutralize the semantic gap in content based image retrieval (CBIR). (2014)

Abstract: Nowadays, Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) plays a significant role in the image processing field. Images relevant to a given query image are retrieved by the CBIR system utilizing either low level features (such as shape, color etc,...) or high level features (human perception). Normally, a semantic gap exists between the low level features and the high level features, because the images which are identical in visual content may not be identical in the semantic sense. In this paper, an effective approach is proposed to trim down this semantic gap that exists between the low level features and the high level features. Initially, when a query image is given, images relevant to it are retrieved from the image database based on its low level features. We have performed retrieval utilizing one of the evolutionary algorithms called Evolutionary Programming (EP). Subsequent to this process, query keyword which is a high level feature is extracted from these retrieved images and
Gadolinium-functionalized nanoparticles for application as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents via polymerization-induced self-assembly (2016)

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is an easily applied synthetic technique for the preparation of polymer nanoparticles with various shapes and at high concentrations.
Rf-pilot phase noise compensation for long-haul coherent optical OFDM systems (2015)

Long-haul optical transmission systems employing coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) are sensitive to laser phase noise. This causes a common phase rotation and inter-carrier interference. An effective method to compensate for the phase noise is to insert an RF-pilot tone in the middle of the OFDM signal. This RF-pilot is used to reverse the phase distortion at the receiver. This paper presents a performance analysis of the RF-pilot phase noise compensation scheme in a simulated 64 Gb/s CO-OFDM system. The effects of various parameters including laser linewidth, Mach-Zehnder modulator drive power, pilot-to-signal ratio, and fiber launch power are investigated. A comparison with the pilot-aided common phase error compensation method is provided to show the differences in the BER performance with respect to the required overhead.
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Receptor-interacting Protein 3 (RIP3) (2004)

Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), a member of the RIP Ser/Thr kinase family, has been characterized as a pro-apoptotic protein involved in the tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signaling pathway. In this study, we have mapped a minimal region of RIP3 sufficient for apoptosis induction to a fragment of 31 amino acids in length. This minimal region also functions as an unconventional nuclear localization signal sufficient to confer the import of full-length RIP3 to the nucleus to trigger apoptosis, suggesting that RIP3 is able to play an apoptosis-inducing role in the nucleus. In addition, we have characterized two novel leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NESs) that are responsible for the nuclear export of RIP3 to the cytoplasm via a chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent pathway and an extra leucine-rich NES in the N terminus of RIP3 that contributes to the cytoplasmic distribution in a CRM1-independent manner. Thus, we provide the first evidence that RIP3 acts a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, which presents a possible link between death receptor signaling and nuclear apoptosis.
Eradication of HIV: current challenges and new directions (2008)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can potently suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and prevent progression to AIDS. However, HAART does not cure infected patients. Instead, HIV persists in latently infected CD4+ T cells and various cryptic cellular reservoirs. Hence, under current therapy regimens, patients must continue taking HAART for the remainder of their lives. Eliminating residual replication-competent virus is critical if eradication of HIV is to be achieved. While this challenge is formidable, we describe here a number of innovative approaches intended to further deplete HIV in HAART-treated patients. New antiretroviral drugs that target different viral proteins and stages of the virus life cycle, compounds that enhance anti-HIV immune responses and novel gene therapy approaches may each play a role in improving long-term suppression of the virus. Moreover, methods for more specifically and efficiently inducing HIV from latency and eliminating the newly activated host cells are also under development.
Development of Substrate for Carboxypeptidase-B by Employing Thiaarginine Peptides (1998)

Carboxypeptidase-B (CPB) is involved in the biosynthesis of numerous peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. CPB catalyzes hydrolysis of the basic amino acids from the C-terminal position in polypeptides during posttranslational prohormonal processing. Various peptides containing thiaarginine residue at C-terminal position were synthesized and tested for their hydrolysis by CPB. A colorimetric assay, employing Ellman's reagent to detect the thioguanidine released upon hydrolysis of the dipeptide substrates, showed that thiaarginine is a suitable mimetic for arginine. Kinetic studies on the four substrates, Z-L-Ala-DL-thia-Lys, Z-L-Ala-DL-thia-Arg, Z-L-Lys-DL-thia-Arg, and Z-L-Lys(Boc)-DL-thia-Arg, gave Km (mM) of 0.66, 5.08, 0.024, and 0.006 and kcat (min-1) of 340, 5200, 151 and 335, respectively.
Form Birefringence in Thin Films with Oblique Columnar Structures (2005)

Effective medium theory is useful for designing optical elements with form birefringent subwavelength structures. Thin films fabricated by oblique deposition are similar to the two-dimensional surface relief subwavelength gratings. We use the effective medium theory to calculate the anisotropic optical properties of the thin films with oblique columnar structures. The effective refractive indices and the directions are calculated from effective medium theory. It is shown that optical thin films with predetermined refractive indices and birefringence may be engineered.
Calibration‐constrained Monte Carlo analysis of highly parameterized models using subspace techniques (2009)

We describe a subspace Monte Carlo (SSMC) technique that reduces the burden of calibration‐constrained Monte Carlo when undertaken with highly parameterized models. When Monte Carlo methods are used to evaluate the uncertainty in model outputs, ensuring that parameter realizations reproduce the calibration data requires many model runs to condition each realization. In the new SSMC approach, the model is first calibrated using a subspace regularization method, ideally the hybrid Tikhonov‐TSVD “superparameter” approach described by Tonkin and Doherty (2005). Sensitivities calculated with the calibrated model are used to define the calibration null‐space, which is spanned by parameter combinations that have no effect on simulated equivalents to available observations. Next, a stochastic parameter generator is used to produce parameter realizations, and for each a difference is formed between the stochastic parameters and the calibrated parameters. This difference is projected onto the calibration null‐space and added to the calibrated parameters. If the model is no longer calibrated, parameter combinations that span the calibration solution space are reestimated while retaining the null‐space projected parameter differences as additive values. The recalibration can often be undertaken using existing sensitivities, so that conditioning requires only a small number of model runs. Using synthetic and real‐world model applications we demonstrate that the SSMC approach is general (it is not limited to any particular model or any particular parameterization scheme) and that it can rapidly produce a large number of conditioned parameter sets.
Distributed Utility-Based Power Control: Objectives and Algorithms (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper deals with the problem of medium access control (MAC)-layer fair power control in a wireless mesh network with an established network topology. The notion of MAC-layer fairness is defined along similar lines as end-to-end fairness for elastic traffic, except that instead of end-to-end flows, MAC-layer flows are considered, being that one hop flows between neighboring nodes. In this paper, we identify a class of utility functions of link rates that allows for a convex problem formulation. The convexity property is a key prerequisite for implementing power control algorithms in practice. We present a novel distributed algorithmic solution to the power control problem based on gradient-projection methods, prove its global convergence, and provide sufficient conditions for a geometric convergence rate. The main novelty of our scheme lies in the use of the so-called adjoint network in such a way that each transmitter can estimate its current update direction from the received signal power. This mitigates the problem of global coordination of the transmitters when carrying out gradient-projection algorithms in distributed wireless networks. The price for this are possible estimation errors so that the proposed scheme is analyzed within the framework of stochastic approximation. </para>
Real-time automated decision-making in advanced airborne early warning system (2002)

Automated decision-making techniques have been applied to the airborne early warning (AEW) environment. The techniques are developed based on emulating the decision process of the AEW operator. Two systems are defined. The threat assessment (TA) system determines a target's threat level based on available information. The tactical planning (TP) system attempts to use the strategy that achieves the optimal response. Both the TA and TP modules are easily user-modifiable to accommodate different circumstances. The systems have been successfully integrated and tested in an advanced simulation facility against several scenarios. It is shown that performance in real time can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Substrate threading through the central pore of the Hsp104 chaperone as a common mechanism for protein disaggregation and prion propagation (2008)

The oligomeric AAA+ chaperone Hsp104 is essential for thermotolerance development and prion propagation in yeast. Thermotolerance relies on the ability of Hsp104 to cooperate with the Hsp70 chaperone system in the reactivation of heat-aggregated proteins. Prion propagation requires the Hsp104-dependent fragmentation of prion fibrils to create infectious seeds. It remained elusive whether both processes rely on common or different activities of Hsp104. Specifically, protein reactivation has been suggested to require a substrate threading activity of Hsp104 whereas fibril fragmentation may be mediated by a crowbar activity. Here we engineered an Hsp104 variant, HAP, which cooperates with the bacterial peptidase ClpP to form a novel proteolytic system. HAP threads aggregated model substrates as well as the yeast prion Sup35 through its central pore into associated ClpP. HAP variants that harbour a reduced threading activity were affected in both protein disaggregation and prion propagation, demonstrating that substrate threading represents the common mechanism for the processing of both substrate classes.
Protective effect of previous burn on murine endotoxemia. (1984)

Major body burns suppress the immune system, at least temporarily. However, it has not been demonstrated that following recovery from burn injury, the burned subject can become immunocompetent. This study was designed to test this hypothesis. Swiss-Webster mice (25 +/- 2 gm) anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium were given full thickness burns on a depilated area of the lower back with a stainless steel tube (2 cm diameter) at 100 C for 10 seconds. Control mice were anesthetized, depilated in the same manner, but sham burned. Six weeks later, (the burn wound was completely healed, and the mice weighed 33 +/- 4 gm) each animal was given 0.3 mg of Escherichia coli endotoxin (055:B5) in saline intraperitoneally. The 24- and 72-hour survivals for the control animals were 31/45 (69%) and 13/45 (29%), respectively; while the 24- and 72-hour survivals for the post burn mice was 26/27 (96%) and 14/27 (52%), respectively (P less than 0.05). All animals surviving 72 hours recovered. These data clearly demonstrate that the survival from endotoxemia is significantly increased in animals that have been previously burned. This observation indicates that the immune system is stimulated 6 weeks postburn.
Design methodology used in a single-chip CMOS 900 MHz spread-spectrum wireless transceiver (1998)

This paper describes the simulation and layout techniques used and developed in the design of a single-chip CMOS 900 MHz spread-spectrum wireless transceiver:
Increased sensory neuropeptides in nodular prurigo: a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis (1992)

Seven patients with nodular prurigo, five patients with lichenified eczema and seven control volunteers were studied immunohistochemically using antisera to the pan-neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), and the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the C-flanking region of neuropeptide Y (C-PON). PGP-, CGRP- and SP-immunoreactivities were also evaluated using image analysis quantification, and the data compared by statistical analysis. No significant changes were noted in the lichenified skin of patients with chronic eczema, compared with the control groups. In contrast, a significant increase in PGP immunoreactive nerve fibers was seen in lesional skin of all nodular prurigo cases studied, when compared with non-lesional skin from the same patient or from control subjects (P < 0.001). In one case massive neural hyperplasia was also identified. Staining for CGRP and SP showed a large increase of immunoreactive nerves in lesional skin of nodular prurigo patients, which closely paralleled that of PGP. Staining with VIP, C-PON and TH was similar in both lesional and non-lesional skin. These results indicate that neural changes in nodular prurigo are associated with an increase of sensory neuropeptides, which could be related to the intense pruritus which accompanies nodular prurigo. The absence of significant changes in lichenified skin suggests that the increase in CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres is a characteristic feature of nodular prurigo and may be important in its pathogenesis.
Integrated Planar Waveguide Demultiplexers for High-Density WDM Applications (1999)

Abstract A review is presented of state-of-the-art optical planar waveguide demultiplexers (DEMUXes), that is, phasars (arrayed waveguide) and etched grating devices designed for high-density (narrow channel spacing) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in comparison with other techniques for demultiplexing WDM signals. The advances made in their performance are reviewed, and ultimate limitations, set by technological constraints, are proposed. Finally, a comparison is made of the advantages and disadvantages of etched grating as opposed to phasar planar waveguide DEMUXes. Keywords: Arrayed Waveguide Demultiplexers;Echelle Grating Demultiplexers;Phasars;Waveguide Demultiplexers;Wavelength Division Multiplexing;Wdm