gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A V-Band On-Wafer Near-Field Antenna Measurement System Using an IC Probe Station (2012)

Most on-wafer antenna radiation pattern measurement systems at a frequency range above the V-band require a testing range to satisfy the far-field condition and a sample holder for probing. Because the testing range and the sample holder must be customized, building this kind of testing environment increased cost of standard integrated circuit (IC) measurement facilities. To address this problem, this study presents an on-wafer measurement system for a V-band on-chip antenna using a probe station for IC measurements. This study uses the near-field antenna measurement technique to decrease the distance between the receiving antenna and the antenna under test (AUT). Therefore, this system effectively uses the limited space around the chuck as the testing range. As a result, this design avoids the reflective objects that constitute the probe station. This study also presents a low-scattering probe to further reduce the scattering. A standard pyramidal horn antenna and a wide beamwidth, 74-GHz on-chip antenna on a 100-μm GaAs substrate were measured to verify system performance. The measured antenna radiation patterns show that the proposed measurement system improves the scanning angle and significantly reduces the unwanted scattering.
Notizen α‐Sulfonyl‐ether, 16: Synthese und Eigenschaften von Aryl‐arylsulfonylmethyl‐ethern (1978)

α-Sulfonyl Ethers, 16: Synthesis and Properties of Aryl Arylsulfonylmethyl Ethers The araliphatic aryl arylsulfonylmethyl ethers 3 are synthesized by three ways. Their carbanions obtained from 3 by strong bases are acylated to yield α-aryloxy-β-oxosulfones 10 and 11.
A Mortar-Based Mesh Interface for Hybrid Finite-Element/Lumped-Parameter Gear Dynamic Models—Applications to Thin-Rimmed Geared Systems (2016)

An original hybrid gear model is introduced, which combines lumped parameter and finite elements along with a specific interface aimed at coupling mismatched discrete models. A mortar-based interface is presented, which eliminates the numerical errors induced by direct collocations between the tooth contact and gear body models. It is shown that the proposed interface can capture the instant contact conditions in the profile and lead directions for both spur and helical gears. A number of quasi-static and dynamic simulation results are presented, which illustrate the potential and practical interest of the methodology. It is observed that thin rims are more influential in the case of helical gears and that the overall dynamic tooth loads seem largely uncoupled from the local contact conditions on the teeth.
A multi-national, multi-institutional study of assessment of programming skills of first-year CS students (2001)

In computer science, an expected outcome of a student's education is programming skill. This working group investigated the programming competency students have as they complete their first one or two courses in computer science. In order to explore options for assessing students, the working group developed a trial assessment of whether students can program. The underlying goal of this work was to initiate dialog in the Computer Science community on how to develop these types of assessments. Several universities participated in our trial assessment and the disappointing results suggest that many students do not know how to program at the conclusion of their introductory courses. For a combined sample of 216 students from four universities, the average score was 22.89 out of 110 points on the general evaluation criteria developed for this study. From this trial assessment we developed a framework of expectations for first-year courses and suggestions for further work to develop more comprehensive assessments.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor drives for hybrid electric vehicles (2007)

Abstract In this paper, high‐output motor control and variable voltage system are introduced as technologies, which increase the output of motor drive systems for hybrid vehicles. High‐output motor control enabled 30% increase of output by driving the permanent magnet (PM) motor with a rectangular wave. The variable voltage system successfully managed to achieve both high output and low loss by increasing the battery voltage using a boost converter. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Alefacept (anti-CD2) causes a selective reduction in circulating effector memory T cells (Tem) and relative preservation of central memory T cells (Tcm) in psoriasis (2007)

Alefacept causes a selective reduction in circulating effector memory T cells (Tem) and relative preservation of central memory T cells (Tcm) in psoriasis.
Exploiting response models (2002)

The banking industry regularly mounts campaigns to improve customer value by offering new products to existing customers. In recent years this approach has gained significant momentum because of the increasing availability of customer data and the improved analysis capabilities in data mining. Typically, response models based on historical data are used to estimate the probability of a customer purchasing an additional product and the expected return from that additional purchase. Even with these computational improvements and accurate models of customer behavior, the problem of efficiently using marketing resources to maximize the return on marketing investment is a challenge. This problem is compounded because of the capability to launch multiple campaigns through several distribution channels over multiple time periods. The combination of alternatives creates a complicated array of possible actions. This paper presents a solution that answers the question of what products, if any, to offer to each customer in a way that maximizes the marketing return on investment. The solution is an improvement over the usual approach of picking the customers that have the largest expected value for a particular product because it is a global maximization from the viewpoint of the bank and allows for the effective implementation of business constraints across customers and business units. The approach accounts for limited resources, multiple sequential campaigns, and other business constraints. Furthermore, the solution provides insight into the cost of these constraints, in terms of decreased profits, and thus is an effective tool for both tactical campaign execution and strategic planning.
The design and implementation of a new network subsystem architecture for server systems (1998)

The explosive growth of the Internet, the widespread use of WWW-related applications, and the increased reliance on client-server architectures places interesting new demands on network servers. In particular, the operating system running on such systems needs to manage the machine's resources in a manner that maximizes and maintains throughput under conditions of high load.\nIn this thesis, I present a study of the impact of the architecture of a network subsystem and the performance of network applications under heavy load. My study indicates that traditional network subsystems, which are based on an interrupt-driven architecture, give strictly highest priority to the processing of incoming network packets. Under high load, this leads to scheduling anomalies, decreased throughput and potential resource starvation of applications. Moreover, such systems become unstable under overload.\nI propose and evaluate a new network subsystem architecture called Lazy Receiver Processing (LRP) that provides improved fairness, stability, and increased throughput under high network load. This network subsystem architecture is based on lazy processing of packets at the priority of the receiver application. The architecture is hardware independent and does not degrade network latency or bandwidth under normal load conditions.\nIn evaluating the effect of LRP on WWW server performance, I discovered that existing benchmarks are unable to generate request traffic that exceeds the capacity of the server. Thus, these benchmarks cannot overload a server. I developed a new method for Web traffic generation which can generate bursty traffic, with peak loads that exceed the capacity of the server.
Prothrombin activation on phospholipid membranes with positive electrostatic potential (1988)

The conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, which is a crucial reaction in hemostatic plug formation, is greatly stimulated by phospholipids plus calcium ions. It has been proposed that phospholipid surfaces which promote blood coagulation should have a negative surface charge [Bangham, A. D. (1961) Nature (London) 192, 1197-1198]. However, the experiments that led to this proposal were carried out with one kind of anionic phospholipid (dicetyl phosphate). Here we report that membranes, which contain phosphatidylserine (PS) as the anionic phospholipid, can be made positively charged by incorporation of stearylamine and still exhibit almost full procoagulant and prothrombin-converting activity. This suggests that electrostatic forces contribute negligibly to the binding of coagulation factors to PS-containing membranes. Introduction of stearylamine in membranes containing phosphatidyl-beta-lactate (PLac) causes considerable inhibition of their prothrombin-converting activity. Since PLac and PS only differ by the presence of an amino group in the polar head group, the much higher procoagulant activity of PS-containing vesicles is indicative of an important function of the amino group of PS in the interaction with coagulation factors. We propose that the association of coagulation factors with PS-containing membranes results from complex formation between Ca2+ ions and ligands supplied by the protein and by PS molecules. The ability to form such a complex may well explain why cell membranes with PS have such excellent procoagulant properties.
Differential sub-band coding of video signals (2003)

The author presents a method for subband coding of video signals. In this method, the difference between the input signal and the motion-compensated interframe prediction signal is decomposed into several narrow bands using separable two-dimensional quadrature mirror filtering (QMF). Each subband is then quantized by a symmetric uniform quantizer with a center dead zone. The nonzero quantized values are variable-word-length coded and transmitted together with their run-length-coded positional information. For interframe motion-compensated prediction, block matching motion estimation is used. Simulation results showing the efficiency of the method and the quality of the consecutive coded frames are presented. It is concluded that the method has potential for a wide range of high-compression video applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mobile Proxies for Proactive Buffering in Wireless Internet Multimedia Streaming (2005)

The widespread popularity of roaming wireless devices with limited and heterogeneous capabilities is enabling new challenging deployment scenarios for multimedia streaming in wired-wireless integrated networks. Streaming services should consider not only the support of different forms of mobility and connectivity, but also runtime service personalization based on client characteristics and location, while possibly maintaining streaming continuity independently of client roaming. The paper proposes an original middleware solution based on mobile proxies that work at the wired-wireless network edges, close to their limited wireless clients, to support their personalized access to continuous services, especially by pre-fetching multimedia contents to avoid streaming interruptions. In particular, the paper focuses on how to exploit handover prediction i) to migrate mobile proxies in advance to the wireless cells where mobile clients are going to reconnect, and ii) to proactively manage mobile proxy buffers, thus reducing memory and bandwidth usage. Experimental results show that our original lightweight solution for IEEE 802.11 cell handover prediction can significantly improve the management of proactive multimedia buffers, by respecting the challenging time constraints of the addressed application domain.
A possible prevention strategy of radiation pneumonitis: Combine radiotherapy with aerosol inhalation of hydrogen-rich solution (2011)

Radiotherapy is an important modality of cancer treatment. Radiation pneumonitis is a major obstacle to increasing the radiation dose in radiotherapy, and it is important to prevent this radiation-induced complication. Recent studies show that hydrogen has a potential as an effective and safe radioprotective agent by selectively reducing hydroxyl and peroxynitrite radicals. Since most of the ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals, we hypothesize that a treatment combining radiotherapy with aerosol inhalation of a hydrogen-rich solution may be an effective and novel prevention strategy for radiation pneumonitis (hydrogen is explosive, while a hydrogen-rich solution such as physiological saline saturated with molecular hydrogen is safer).<br />
Cartoon textures (2004)

In this paper we present a method for creating novel animations from a library of existing two-dimensional cartoon data. Drawing inspiration from the idea of video textures, sequences of similar-looking cartoon data are combined into a user-directed sequence. Starting with a small amount of cartoon data, we employ a method of nonlinear dimensionality reduction to discover a lower-dimensional structure of the data. The user selects a start and end frame and the system traverses this lower-dimensional manifold to re-sequence the data into a new animation. The system can automatically detect when a new sequence has visual discontinuities and may require additional source material.
A Study of Electrocardiographic Changes in Asthmatic Patients Attending Kirkuk General Hospital (2021)

Background: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease affecting (7-10%) of the population in different countries. It is characterized by variable symptoms of wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough. Asthma is usually associated with airway hyper-responsiveness to direct or indirect stimuli. Patient with acute asthma will manifest electrocardiograghic changes ranging from sinus tachycardia, P, ST and T wave changes etc, these abnormalities persisted for up to 10 days, may reflect positional changes of the heart, were reverted to normal after therapy. Aims: To study the various ECG abnormalities in acute asthma and to demonstrate the reversibility of these abnormalities after treatment. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on (110) patients all were adults, their age ranged from 20 years to more than 50 years who attended to the emergency department in Kirkuk General Hospital over a period of one year from April 2017 to April 2018 with aconfirmed diagnosis of acute severe asthma were studied. Ten patients were excluded from study because their ECG changes were related to cardiac and thyroid disorder. Patients were included in the study only if an ECG had been performed on admission and within 24 hour of their stay in hospital. A standard 12 Lead ECG was performed on admission for each patient and it repeated until it had returned to normal. In each patient, on admission, plasma urea, full blood count, thyroid functions test (in selected cases) cardiac enzymes (in those with chest pain) were performed. The diagnosis of acute asthma is made by taking a thorough history and physical exam, and patients without a previous diagnosis of asthma, a spirometry performed to confirm airway obstruction and reversibility. Result: The commonest ECG changes were sinus tachycardia which was found in (50%) of patients with a heart rate ranging between 120-130 beats/ min, while the lowest rate of ECG changes was right bundle branch block were observed in (2%) of patients. The male patients were affected more than female and the highest incidence observed was among age group 41-50 years. The ST segment depression, T wave inversion & sinus tachycardia are the main ECG changes in (30%) of life threatening type of acute asthma. While P pulmonale & ST segment depression were observed in only (4%) of patients with near fatal asthma. Conclusion: Patients with acute asthma can manifest various ECG changes and these changes returned to normal after medical therapy, usually within 10 days.
CpG-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotides Act through TLR9 to Enhance the NK Cell Cytokine Response to Antibody-Coated Tumor Cells (2005)

Bacterial DNA contains a high frequency of unmethylated CpG motifs that stimulate immune cells via TLR9. NK cells express a low-affinity activating receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcgammaRIIIa), but were not thought to express TLR9 protein. The direct response of NK cells to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) in the presence of FcR stimulation was investigated. Human NK cells cultured in the presence of CpG ODN plus immobilized IgG or Ab-coated tumor cells secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma (>2000 pg/ml), whereas cells stimulated with Ab alone, CpG ODN alone, or Ab and control ODN produced negligible amounts. Enhanced secretion of IL-8, macrophage-derived chemokine, and MIP-1alpha was also observed after costimulation. NK cell cytokine production was not the result of interactions with APCs or their cytokine products. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 36 +/- 3.5% of human NK cells expressed basal levels of TLR9. TLR9 expression in human NK cells was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Only TLR9-expressing NK cells responded to CpG ODN and Ab, because cytokine production was not observed in NK cells from TLR9-deficient mice. Mice receiving CpG ODN and HER2/neu-positive tumor cells treated with an anti-HER2 Ab exhibited enhanced systemic levels of IFN-gamma compared with mice receiving either agent alone. TLR9-/- animals reconstituted with TLR9+/+ NK cells secreted IFN-gamma in response to CpG ODN and Ab-coated tumor cells. These findings indicate that CpG ODN can directly enhance the NK cell cytokine response to Ab-coated targets via activation of TLR9.
Phase transitions of folded proteins (2010)

Proteins exhibit a rich phase behavior. Even omitting the amyloid structures formed after partial protein unfolding, proteins form crystals, polymers, and other solid aggregates, as well as dense liquids and gels. Some of these condensed phases underlie pathological conditions, others play a crucial role in the biological function of the respective protein or are an essential part of its laboratory or industrial processing. In this review, we first discuss the thermodynamic characteristics of the solution and the interactions between protein molecules in solution, which underlie the protein phase behavior. We highlight the role of water structured at the protein molecular surface as a main contributor to the free energy of the phase transition. We define the driving force for phase transformations. We then summarize the fundamentals and review recent findings on the kinetics of nucleation of dense liquid droplets and crystals. We define the transition from nucleation to spinodal decomposition for these two phase transitions. We review the two-step mechanism of protein crystal nucleation, in which mesoscopic metastable protein clusters serve as precursors to the ordered crystal nuclei. Lastly, we discuss the mechanisms of growth of crystals: the generation of new crystal layers, the pathways of the molecules from the solution into the growth sites, the density of the growth sites and the factors, which determine the activation barriers for association of the molecules to the growth sites.
Gene expression of pancreatic-type phospholipase-A2 in rat ovaries: stimulatory action on progesterone release (1994)

We reported previously that pancreatic-type group I phospholipase-A2 (PLA2-I) stimulates DNA synthesis or prostaglandin E2 production in various cell types via its specific receptors on the cell surface. In the present study we examined the effect of PLA2-I on corpus luteum, which possesses specific PLA2-I receptors, and demonstrated gene expression of PLA2-I in rat ovaries. PLA2-I stimulated progesterone release from incubated corpora lutea at concentrations above 10 nM in a dose-dependent manner. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of PLA2-I messenger RNA (mRNA) in rat ovaries. The level of PLA2-I mRNA was elevated during diestrus to proestrus, and decreased to almost nothing on the day of estrus. To further evaluate the timing of PLA2-I expression, we analyzed RNAs extracted from small follicles, large preovulatory follicles, and corpora lutea obtained from various phases of hCG-treated immature rats. During follicular development, mRNA levels remained negligible. The level of PLA2-I mRNA began to rise after luteinization of follicles and increased during the maturation of the corpora lutea. Levels of PLA2-I mRNA in ovaries from day 5 and day 10 pregnant rats were 5- to 10-fold higher than those in diestrous rats, whereas on day 21, the mRNA level was decreased. Immunocytochemical studies were performed to clarify the synthesis and localization of PLA2-I in the ovary using polyclonal anti-PLA2-I antibodies. Intense immunoreactivity was detected only in luteal cells of newly formed corpora lutea. However, the number and intensity of immunoreactive cells decreased in old corpora lutea. No immunoreactivity was detected in follicular cells of small- or middle-sized follicles. These results demonstrate the correlation among PLA2-I gene expression, estrous cycle, and progesterone secretion in rat ovaries and suggest a new function of PLA2-I as an intragonadal regulatory factor for steroidogenesis.
Loss-compensated photoelastic fiber optic pressure sensor (1989)

A fiber optic pressure sensor based on the photoelastic effect has been set up in a four-port polariscope. The down lead insensitivity is achieved by application of the balanced bridge referencing technique. The sensor has an excellent insensitivity to source intensity fluctuations as well as mode dependent and mode independent changes in the damping of the down leads. The sensor exhibits a linearity of +/-0.1% and a temperature stability of +/-1% within a range of 0-60 degrees C with respeat to a span of 6 bar.
Building TIN (triangular irregular network) problem in Topology model (2010)

This article was created to investigate the triangular irregular network (TIN) problem algorithms with the Delaunay condition. Nowadays TIN problem is used on many fields as a problem to find the way, electronic maps, traffic problems and etc. In HoChiMinh city, TIN problem also is used to apply for civic plan subsystems, traffic subsystems, electric power subsystems, and post subsystems...This article is also proposed to solve TIN problem on Topology model and is a solution by using a size of dynamic net frame to increase steady by number of points to add to TIN. The article result which is experimented on topology model is satisfactory for applying to many real problems on TIN.