gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of RNA Helicase A as a New Host Factor in the Replication Cycle of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (2009)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), as with other RNA viruses, recruits various host cell factors to assist in the translation and replication of the virus genome. In this study, we investigated the role of RNA helicase A (RHA) in the life cycle of FMDV. Immunofluorescent microscopy (IFM) showed a change in the subcellular distribution of RHA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in FMDV-infected cells as infection progressed. Unlike nuclear RHA, the RHA detected in the cytoplasm reacted with an antibody that recognizes only the nonmethylated form of RHA. In contrast to alterations in the subcellular distribution of nuclear factors observed during infection with the related cardioviruses, cytoplasmic accumulation of RHA did not require the activity of the FMDV leader protein. Using IFM, we have found cytoplasmic RHA in proximity to the viral 2C and 3A proteins, which promotes the assembly of the replication complexes, as well as cellular poly(A) binding protein (PABP). Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed that these proteins are complexed with RHA. We have also identified a novel interaction between RHA and the S fragment in the FMDV 5' nontranslated region. Moreover, a reduction in the expression of RHA, using RHA-specific small interfering RNA constructs, inhibited FMDV replication. These results indicate that RHA plays an essential role in the replication of FMDV and potentially other picornaviruses through ribonucleoprotein complex formation at the 5' end of the genome and by interactions with 2C, 3A, and PABP.
Comparison of a Salmonella typhimurium proteome defined by shotgun proteomics directly on an LTQ-FT and by proteome pre-fractionation on an LCQ-DUO (2006)

Shotgun proteomics is rapidly becoming one of the most efficient and popular tools to examine protein expression in cells. Numerous laboratories now have a wide array of low- and high-performance mass spectrometry instrumentation necessary to complete proteome-wide projects. Often these laboratories have time and financial constraints that prohibit all projects from being conducted on high-performance state-of-the-art mass spectrometers. Here, we compare shotgun proteomic results using a direct 'lyse, digest and analyse' approach on a high-performance mass spectrometer (i.e. the LTQ-FT) with the results from a much lower-performance instrument (i.e. the LCQ-DUO) where, for the latter, various traditional protein pre-fractionation steps and gas-phase fractionation were used to increase the proteome coverage. Our results demonstrate that shotgun proteomic analyses conducted on the lower-performance LCQ-DUO mass spectrometer could adequately characterize a PhoP constitutive strain of Salmonella typhimurium if proteome pre-fractionation steps and gas-phase fractionation were included.
Analysis of Time of Arrival Estimation Using Wideband Measurements of Indoor Radio Propagations (2007)

Using time of arrival (TOA) to determine the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is the most popular technique for accurate indoor positioning. The accuracy of measuring the distance using this method is sensitive to the bandwidth of the system and the multipath condition between the wireless terminal and the access point. In general, as the bandwidth increases beyond a certain value, it is expected that the measured TOA error approaches zero. However, for the so-called undetected direct path (UDP) conditions, the system exhibits substantially high distance measurement errors that cannot be eliminated with the increase in the bandwidth of the system. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the behavior of superresolution and traditional TOA estimation algorithms in line-of-sight (LOS), non-LOS, and UDP conditions in indoor areas. The analysis is based on wideband frequency- domain measurements of the indoor radio channel propagations in several indoor areas, with special attention to the UDP conditions.
A silicon self-aligned non-reverse valve (2002)

A novel design of a microvalve has been fabricated. The valve is fabricated on one
Isolation of scFvs to <i>In Vitro</i> Produced Extracellular Domains of EGFR Family Members (2005)

The members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family are over expressed in a variety of malignancies and are frequently linked to aggressive disease and a poor prognosis. Although clinically effective monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been developed to target HER2 and EGFR, the remaining two family members, HER3 and HER4, have not been the subject of significant efforts. In this paper, we have taken the initial steps required to generate antibodies with potential clinically utility that target the members of the EGFR family. The genes for the extracellular domains (ECDs) of all four members of the EGFR family were cloned and used to stably transfect 293 (HEK) cells. Milligram quantities of each ECD were produced and characterized. The HER3, HER4, and EGFR ECDs were then employed as targets for the selection of antibodies from naïve human scFv (single-chain Fv) phage display libraries. Six unique scFv clones were isolated that bound specifically to HER3, 13 unique clones were isolated with specificity for HER4 and 52 unique anti-EGFR clones were isolated. These scFvs provide a valuable and potentially clinically relevant panel of agents to target the members of the EGFR family.
The <i>AAE14</i> gene encodes the Arabidopsis <i>o</i>‐succinylbenzoyl‐CoA ligase that is essential for phylloquinone synthesis and photosystem‐I function (2008)

Phylloquinone is the one-electron carrier at the A(1) site of photosystem I, and is essential for photosynthesis. Arabidopsis mutants deficient in early steps of phylloquinone synthesis do not become autotrophic and are seedling lethals, even when grown on sucrose-supplemented media. Here, we identify acyl-activating enzyme 14 (AAE14, At1g30520) as the o-succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme A (OSB-CoA) ligase acting in phylloquinone synthesis. Three aae14 mutant alleles, identified by reverse genetics, were found to be seedling lethal, to contain no detectable phylloquinone (< 0.1 pmol mg(-1) fresh weight) compared with 10 pmol mg(-1) fresh weight in wild-type leaves, and to accumulate OSB. AAE14 was able to restore menaquinone biosynthesis when expressed in an Escherichia coli mutant disrupted in the menE gene that encodes the bacterial OSB-CoA ligase. Weak expression of an AAE14 transgene in mutant plants (controlled by the uninduced XVE promoter) resulted in chlorotic, slow-growing plants that accumulated an average of 4.7 pmol mg(-1) fresh weight of phylloquinone. Inducing the XVE promoter in these plants, or expressing an AAE14 transgene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter, led to full complementation of the mutant phenotype. aae14-mutant plants were also able to synthesize phylloquinone when provided with 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate, an intermediate in phylloquinone synthesis downstream of the OSB-CoA ligase reaction. Expression of an AAE14:GFP reporter construct indicated that the protein accumulated in discrete foci within the chloroplasts. This and other evidence suggests that the enzymes of phylloquinone synthesis from isochorismate may form a complex in the chloroplast stroma to facilitate the efficient channeling of intermediates through the pathway.
Developmental Skills and Children's Sports (1991)

In brief All children should be allowed to participate in sports. However, a child's mastery of developmental skills has a significant impact on his or her potential for success. No relationship has been found between skill training in early childhood (3 to 5 years old) and later development of sports skills. Infants should have an unstructured, safe play environment. As children grow to late childhood (10 to 12 years old), their developmental skills improve, and training programs should reflect those changes. It is enough for children to master basic motor skills without thinking about complex game strategy and win-at-all-cost competition.
Oxygen Consumption in Critically-Ill Surgical Patients (1972)

WILSON, ROBERT F. M.D., F.A.C.S.; CHRISTENSEN, CHARLES M.D.; LeBLANC, L. PHILIPPE M.D., F.R.C.S.(C) Author Information
A DRAM Centric NoC Architecture and Topology Design Approach (2011)

Most communication traffic in today's System on Chips (SoC) is DRAM centric. The NoC should be designed to efficiently handle the many-to-one communication pattern, funneling to and from the DRAM controller. In this paper, we motivate the use of a separate network for the DRAM traffic and justify the power overhead and performance improvement obtained, when compared to traditional solutions. We also show how the topology of this DRAM network can be designed and optimized to account for the funnel-shaped pattern. Our experiments on a realistic SoC multimedia benchmark shows a large reduction in power consumption and improvement in performance when compared to existing solutions.
Single-parameter nonadiabatic quantized charge pumping (2008)

Controlled charge pumping in an $\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ gated nanowire by single-parameter modulation is experimentally and theoretically studied. Transfer of integral multiples of the elementary charge per modulation cycle is clearly demonstrated. A simple theoretical model shows that such a quantized current can be generated via loading and unloading of a dynamic quasibound state. It demonstrates that nonadiabatic blockade of unwanted tunnel events can obliterate the requirement of having at least two phase-shifted periodic signals to realize quantized pumping.
Identification of proteins encoded by Epstein-Barr virus trans-activator genes (1989)

Specific antisera were generated to characterize Epstein-Barr virus proteins reported to have trans-activating properties. Open reading frame BRLF1 was found to be expressed in two modifications in vivo, with molecular sizes ranging from 94 to 98 kilodaltons (kDa) depending on the cell line, whereas only one protein (Raji cells, 96 kDa) was detected by in vitro translation. Open reading frame BZLF1 encoded polypeptides of 38 and 35 kDa and additional smaller forms. A BZLF1-encoded 30-kDa protein could be detected under conditions in which expression was restricted to immediate early genes. Nuclear localization could be detected under conditions in which expression was restricted to immediate early genes. Nuclear localization could be shown for the proteins derived from reading frames BZLF1 and BMLF1. BMLF1 expression gave a heterogeneous protein pattern, with molecular sizes between 45 and 70 kDa, including a predominant 60-kDa protein detected in different B-cell lines.
Augmentation of antidepressants with atypical antipsychotics for treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder (2008)

The existing research provides some support for the beneficial effects of AAPs when combined with SSRI's in TRD. These medications pose significant risks that must be considered in their use.
A DVS embedded power management for high efficiency integrated SOC in UWB system (2009)

The proposed power management module with 1 V low-voltage PWM controller and dynamic self-biasing mechanism is designed to integrate with ultra-wide band (UWB) system. The on-chip pre-regulator with power conditioning circuit provides a constant and noiseless supply voltage. Instead of using large external compensation circuit, the compensation enhancement multistage amplifier increases system loop gain and stabilizes the system. Moreover, the proposed self-biasing mechanism enhances the power conversion efficiency by 4 % through the handover technique. The fabricated power management module occupies 0.356 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> silicon in 65 nm CMOS. With the excellent line/load transient response and the highest efficiency about 93.5%, the proposed power management has the qualification to be integrated in today's system-on-chip (SoC) applications.
The oxidation of 5-arylsulphonamido-3,3-dimethyloxindoles and related compounds (1971)

Oxidation of 5-p-toluenesulphonamido-3 3-dimethyloxindole with lead tetra-acetate gives 5-p-toluenesulphonimido-3,3-dimethyloxindole, a quinone di-imine, which undergoes addition of hydrogen chloride, hydrazoic and benzenesulphinic acids, and piperidine.
Applicators for generating ultrasound-induced hyperthermia in neoplastic tumours and for use in ultrasound physiotherapy (1989)

Ultrasound in the low megahertz frequency range is used by physiotherapists to treat a variety of conditions. The treatments reduce swelling, reduce pain and increase movement at joints. Ultrasound is now also beginning to be used to treat malignant tumours. The tumours are heated to temperatures between 42 degrees and 45 degrees C, producing cellular damage, the extent of which is determined by the duration and number of treatments and 'concurrent' treatments by chemo and x-ray therapy. In the light of the results of computer simulation, we discuss in this paper: (a) The properties of a five-element divergent transducer array to treat large superficial neoplastic tumours. The field distribution measured by the Sarvazyan method will be described and also compared with that of computer simulation. The benefits of frequency wobbling will also be discussed. (b) The possibility of employing a multiple field applicator for use by physiotherapists to obviate the need for continuous movement of a small transducer of area approximately 5 cm2 over the affected area.
Conductive channel in ONO formed by controlled dielectric breakdown (2003)

Cross-section TEM photos that capture the conductive channel of oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) films after electric breakdown are discussed. The photos reveal a single crystal or polycrystal channel with a dome-shaped cap depending on the breakdown current. The implications of this structure for electric characteristics is analyzed with a spherical thermal-electric model. When ONO films are used as antifuse on FPGA product, the resistance of the antifuse can be controlled by choosing a sufficiently large programming current level and the resistance remains stable during 1000 h of burn-in at 125 degrees C and 5.75 V. Negligible change in delay time along many different data paths was observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induced Resistance as a Mechanism of Biological Control by <i>Lysobacter enzymogenes</i> Strain C3 (2003)

ABSTRACT Induced resistance was found to be a mechanism for biological control of leaf spot, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) using the bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3. Resistance elicited by C3 suppressed germination of B. sorokiniana conidia on the phylloplane in addition to reducing the severity of leaf spot. The pathogen-inhibitory effect could be separated from antibiosis by using heat-inactivated cells of C3 that retained no antifungal activity. Application of live or heat-killed cells to tall fescue leaves resulted only in localized resistance confined to the treated leaf, whereas treatment of roots resulted in systemic resistance expressed in the foliage. The effects of foliar and root applications of C3 were long lasting, as evidenced by suppression of conidial germination and leaf spot development even when pathogen inoculation was delayed 15 days after bacterial treatment. When C3 population levels and germination of pathogen conidia was examined on leaf segments, germination percentage was reduced on all segments from C3-treated leaves compared with segments from non-treated leaves, but no dose-response relationship typical of antagonism was found. Induced resistance by C3 was not host or pathogen specific; foliar application of heat-killed C3 cells controlled B. sorokiniana on wheat and also was effective in reducing the severity of brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, on tall fescue. Treatments of tall fescue foliage or roots with C3 resulted in significantly elevated peroxidase activity compared with the control.
The Increased Risk of Ulcerative Keratitis Among Disposable Soft Contact Lens Users (1992)

Previous controlled studies on contact lens-associated ulcerative keratitis were performed before the widespread use of disposable contact lenses. Therefore, a controlled study was undertaken to determine the relative risk of ulcerative keratitis among users of disposable soft contact lenses compared with the risk among users of other lens types. Forty-six consecutive cases of contact lens-associated ulcerative keratitis were identified between January 1990 and June 1992 at a corneal specialty practice in western Michigan. Five controls, matched to each case patient according to the dispensing data and prescribing practitioner, were obtained for 42 cases (91%). Users of daily-wear rigid gas-permeable lenses had the lowest risk of developing ulcerative keratitis. Relative to users of daily-wear soft contact lenses, users of extended-wear soft contact lens had an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted relative risk of 1.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 5.71). Disposable soft contact lens users had the highest risk of developing ulcerative keratitis, with an adjusted relative risk of 14.16 (95% confidence interval, 5.47 to 37.63) compared with daily-wear soft contact lens users and 7.66 (95% confidence interval, 2.27 to 25.83) compared with conventional extended-wear soft contact lens users.
A methodology for specifying PET VOIs using multimodality techniques (1997)

Volume-of-interest (VOI) extraction for radionuclide and anatomical measurements requires correct identification and delineation of the anatomical feature being studied. We have developed a toolset for specifying three-dimensional (3-D) VOI's on a multislice positron emission tomography (PET) dataset. The software is particularly suited for specifying cerebral cortex VOI's which represent a particular gyrus or deep brain structure. A registered 3-D magnetic resonance image (MRI) dataset is used to provide high-resolution anatomical information, both as oblique two-dimensional (2-D) sections and as volume renderings of a segmented cortical surface. VOI's are specified indirectly in two dimensions by drawing a stack of 2-D regions on the MRI data. The regions are tiled together to form closed triangular mesh surface models, which are subsequently transformed into the observation space of the PET scanner. Quantification by this method allows calculation of radionuclide activity in the VOI's, as well as their statistical uncertainties and correlations. The methodology for this type of analysis and validation results are presented.
Tocotrienols-induced inhibition of platelet thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in stenosed canine coronary arteries (2011)

The present results indicate that intravenously administered tocotrienols inhibited acute platelet-mediated thrombus formation, and collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. α-Tocotrienols treatment induced increases in α-tocopherol levels of 4-fold and 6-fold in plasma and platelets, respectively. Interestingly, tocotrienols (TRF) treatment induced a less pronounced increase in the levels of tocotrienols in plasma and platelets, suggesting that intravenously administered tocotrienols may be converted to tocopherols. Tocotrienols, given intravenously, could potentially prevent pathological platelet thrombus formation and thus provide a therapeutic benefit in conditions such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity: Personality and cognitive correlates. (1990)

The 3 studies reported here were designed to clarify the nature of the personality trait of impulsivity. Two types of impulsivity were distinguished. Dysfunctional impulsivity is the tendency to act with less forethought than most people of equal ability when this tendency is a source of difficulty; most previous work on impulsivity appears to have focused on this trait. Functional impulsivity, in contrast, is the tendency to act with relatively little forethought when such a style is optimal. The present work indicates that these two tendencies are not highly correlated and that they bear different relations both to other personality traits and to the manner in which certain basic cognitive processes are executed.
"Free-space laser communications: a historical perspective" (2003)

To understand the history of free-space laser communications or lasercom one must do so in the context of the development of the technology in general and the different programs and players over the years. It is noted that the term lasercom was actually put under copy write by McDonnell Douglas in the early '80s but has been used extensively in the industry to refer to free-space laser communications, free-space optical communications, and an array of other names. Lasercom was one of the very first applications proposed for laser technology in the early '60s. However the difficulty in getting the technology inserted in operational systems has been greater than envisioned by the early pioneers. One constant problem has been the availability of reliable components. Early on every fundamental building block had to be developed before a communication system could be demonstrated. These elements included laser sources, detectors, high speed modulators and demodulators, high speed electronics, high accuracy pointing components, high quality interface optics and telescopes, high stability mechanical structures, and on and on. Although the challenges of the past have been in the development of components and integration of those elements into a working design, perhaps the challenge of today is how to provide a product that meets customer expectations at a price that is willing to be paid and the identification of a mission need that can not be met by any other technology.
Volume Control, Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Function (2003)

The balance of sodium, through its dietary intake and renal excretion, determines extracellular fluid volume (ECV). Chronic renal failure and dialysis patients present with a positive sodium balance and increased ECV. The consequences are systemic hypertension and vascular and cardiac remodelling, especially left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). High blood pressure (BP) and LVH increase the mortality risk of dialysis patients. Correction of ECV overload with ultrafiltration has led to the dry weight concept, which is the postdialysis body weight that allows BP to remain normal until the next dialysis session, without the need for antihypertensive medication and despite interdialytic weight gain. Blood pressure is the key indicator of ECV and is used to set the body weight target at each dialysis session. Normalization of BP indicates normalization of ECV, usually with a lag-time. Shortening dialysis time, which increases intradialytic morbidity, compromises the achievement of dry weight and normalization of ECV. Such intradialytic events may also lead to an increase in dialysate sodium concentration, which causes thirst, and greater interdialytic weight gain, positive sodium balance and worsening BP. These complications have led to the development of other tools for ECV assessment, such as inferior vena cava diameter, bioimpedance, and blood volume monitoring; their usefulness is discussed.
Design and Engineering of Optical Systems (1996)

We use a path-integral approach to calculate the distribution P(w,t) of the fluctuations in the work w at time t of a polymer molecule (modeled as an elastic dumbbell in a viscous solvent) that is acted on by an elongational flow field having a flow rate ̇γ. We find that P(w,t) is non-Gaussian and that, at long times, the ratio P(w,t)/P(-w,t) is equal to exp[w/(k(B)T)], independent of ̇γ. On the basis of this finding, we suggest that polymers in elongational flows satisfy a fluctuation theorem.