gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction of mixer nonlinearity in quadrature modulators (1992)

Baseband preconditioning is used to partially cancel third order nonlinearities in mixers. Calibration is by means of a simple diode detector, but requires the presence of a carrier leak signal. The technique led to an improvement of 8dB in IM3 for a 900 MHz system.
Neural network equalization for frequency selective nonlinear MIMO channels (2012)

In order to provide high data rate over wireless channels and improve the system capacity, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless communication systems exploit spatial diversity by using multiple transmit and receive antennas. Moreover, to achieve high date rate and fulfill the power, MIMO systems are equipped with High Power Amplifiers (HPAs). However, HPAs cause nonlinear distortions and affect the receiver's performance. In this paper, we investigate the joint effects of HPA nonlinearity and frequency selective channel on the performance of MIMO receiver. Then, we propose two equalization schemes to compensate simultaneously nonlinear distortions and frequency selective channel effects. The first one is based on a feedforward Neural Network (NN) named (NN-MIMO-Receiver) and the second uses NN technique and LMS equalizer (LMS-NN-MIMO). The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LM) is used for neural network training, which has proven [1] to exhibit a very good performance with lower computation complexity and faster convergence than other algorithms used in literature. These proposed methods are compared in term of Symbol Error Rate (SER) running under nonlinear frequency selective channel.
Dried gel hybridization in place of Southern hybridization for detection of Listeria monocytogenes DNA fragments (1991)

A simple, sensitive, dried gel DNA hybridization method for detection of Listeria monocytogenes DNA fragments is described. DNA samples were fractionated on an agarose gel. The gel was then denatured in NaOH-NaCl and neutralized in Tris-NaCl. The resulting agarose gel was dried and hybridized with 32P-labelled DNA probe. No transfer to nitrocellulose membranes was used.
Modification of Asphalt by Block Polymers of Butadiene and Styrene (1982)

Abstract Elastomeric thermoplastic block polymers of butadiene and styrene are highly effective in converting asphalts into truly rubber-like materials. Additions of 10–14% of these polymers to asphalt result in lower penetration values, greatly reduced flow above room temperature, increases in softening temperature to values in excess of 100°C and superior low temperature flexibility. The blends are characterized by a unique morphology in which the block polymer, swollen with the lower molecular weight constituents of the asphalt, forms a continuous lacework in a bituminous phase enriched with asphaltenes. The polymer-rich phase consists, in turn, of two microphases derived from the block polymer domain structure. At low concentrations, where the swollen polymer forms discrete inclusions in the asphaltic continuum, effects on the physical properties of the asphalt are less pronounced but can still be significant. The multiphase morphology of these composites accounts satisfactorily for the most important features of their mechanical behavior.
Parallel delta-sigma A/D conversion (2002)

This paper presents an architecture wherein multiple delta-sigma modulators are combined so that neither time oversampling nor time interleaving are necessary. For a system containing M Pth-order delta-sigma modulators, approximately P bits of accuracy are gained for every doubling of M. Thus, the resolution gained by combining M delta-sigma modulators is approximately the same as that with the same modulator with an oversampling rate of M. Measured results from a 16-channel parallel delta-sigma A/D converter composed of second-order delta-sigma modulators verify the theory and demonstrate that this architecture retains much of the robustness of the individual delta-sigma modulators to non-ideal circuit behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of the Relationship between Immune Dysfunction and Symptom Severity in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) (2014)

Objective: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a disabling illness, characterised by persistent, debilitating fatigue and a multitude of symptoms. Immunological alterations are prominent in CFS/ME cases, however little is known about the relationship between CFS/ME severity and the extent of immunological dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess innate and adaptive immune cell phenotypes and function of two groups of CFS/ME patients, bedridden (severe) and mobile (moderate). Methods: CFS/ME participants were defined using the Centres for Disease Prevention and Control (1994 CDC) Criteria for CFS/ME. Participants were grouped into healthy controls (n=22, age=40.14 ᠲ.38), moderate/ mobile (n=23; age=42.52 ᠲ.63) and severe/bedridden (n=18; age=39.56 ᠱ.51) CFS/ME patients. Flow cytometric protocols were used to examine neutrophil, monocyte, dendritic cells (DCs), iNKT, Treg, B, ?d and CD8+ T cell phenotypes, NK cytotoxic activity and receptors. Results: The present data found that CFS/ME patients demonstrated significant decreases in NK cytotoxic activity, transitional and regulatory B cells, ?d1T cells, KIR2DL1/DS1, CD94+ and KIR2DL2/L3. Significant increases in CD56- CD16+NKs, CD56dimCD16- and CD56brightCD16-/dim NKs, DCs, iNKT phenotypes, memory and naive B cells were also shown in CFS/ME participants. Severe CFS/ME patients demonstrated increased CD14- CD16+ DCs, memory and naﶥ B cells, total iNKT, iNKT cell and NK phenotypes compared to moderate CFS/ME patients. Conclusion: This study is the first to determine alterations in NK, iNKT, B, DC and ?d T cell phenotypes in both moderate and severe CFS/ME patients. Immunological alterations are present in innate and adaptive immune cells and sometimes, immune deregulation appears worse in CFS/ME patients with more severe symptoms. It may be appropriate for CFS/ME patient severity subgroups to be distinguished in both clinical and research settings to extricate further immunological pathologies that may not have been previously reported.
<scp>S</scp>os1 regulates sustained <scp>TCR</scp>‐mediated <scp>E</scp>rk activation (2014)

The duration and/or the magnitude of Ras-Erk activation are known to be crucial for cell-fate decisions. In T cells, sustained Erk activation correlates with differentiation/proliferation, whereas transient Erk activation parallels with unresponsiveness/apoptosis. The mechanism by which Son of sevenless (Sos) proteins and Ras guanyl-releasing protein 1 (RasGRP1) contribute to dynamics of Erk activation in mature T cells is not yet known. Here, we have assessed this issue using stimuli inducing either transient or sustained TCR signaling and RNA interference mediated suppression of Sos1, Sos2, and RasGRP1 expression in primary human T cells. We found that transient Erk activation depends on RasGRP1 but not on Sos. Conversely, sustained Erk signaling and T-cell activation depend on both Sos1 and RasGRP1. In summary, our data show for the first time that the two guanine nucleotide exchange factors expressed in T cells are differentially involved in the regulation of the duration of Erk phosphorylation and T-cell activation.
Multi-Connection TCP (MCTCP) Transport (2010)

Multipath transport over potentially different paths can be realized
by several coupled Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections.
Multi-Connection TCP (MCTCP) transport aggregates multiple TCP
connections between potentially different addresses into a single
session that can be accessed by an application like a single TCP
connection. MCTCP encodes control information, as far as possible, in
the payload of the TCP connections and therefore requires only minor
changes in the TCP implementations, and it is transparent in the
single-path case. MCTCP is therefore proposed as a simple, modular,
and extensible mechanism for multipath transport.
Electrowetting-actuated optical switch based on total internal reflection (2015)

In this paper we demonstrate a liquid optical switch based on total internal reflection. Two indium tin oxide electrodes are fabricated on the bottom substrate. A conductive liquid (Liquid 1) is placed on one side of the chamber and surrounded by a density-matched silicone oil (Liquid 2). In initial state, when the light beam illuminates the interface of the two liquids, it just meets the conditions of total internal reflection. The light is totally reflected by Liquid 2, and the device shows light-off state. When we apply a voltage to the other side of the indium tin oxide electrode, Liquid 1 stretched towards this side of the substrate and the curvature of the liquid-liquid interface changes. The light beam is refracted by Liquid 1 and the device shows light-on state. So the device can achieve the functions of an optical switch. Because the light beam can be totally reflected by the liquid, the device can attain 100% light intensity attenuation. Our experiments show that the response time from light-on (off) to light-off (on) are 130 and 132 ms, respectively. The proposed optical switch has potential applications in variable optical attenuators, information displays, and light shutters.
Design of Interactive Teleprompter (2016)

본 논문에서는 실시간 방송 및 스마트 미러 등과 같은 사용자 개인 또는 다른 사용자들과의 상호 작용이 가능한 인터렉티브 텔레프롬프터의 개념을 소개, 논의하고 실제 제작 사례를 제시한다. 이 적용 분야에서는 사용자 자신 또는 사용자와 제3자 사이의 시선의 일치가 심리적인 측면과 비음성적 커뮤니케이션에서 중요한 역할을 차지한다. 그러나 일반적인 모니터와 카메라의 조합만으로는 실제 거울을 보는 것과 같은 시선 일치를 구현하기가 쉽지 않기 때문에, 기존 방송 현장에서 널리 사용하는 텔레프롬프터의 원리를 응용한다. 제안하는 설계에서는 기존 방식과는 달리 깊이 정보를 통한 제스처 인식까지 구현하며 가시광선 정보와 적외선 정보 각각의 효율적인 처리를 위해서 텔레프롬프터에서 핵심적인 역할을 담당하는 빔 스플리터의 설계 사례와 실험 결과를 제시한다. This paper presents the concept of "interactive teleprompter", which provides the user with interaction with oneself or other users for live television broadcasts or smart mirrors. In such interactive applications, eye contacts between the user and the regenerated image or between the user and other persons are important in handling psychological processes or non-verbal communications. Unfortunately, it is not straightforward to address the eye contact issues with conventional combination of normal display and video camera. To address this problem, we propose an "interactive" teleprompter enhanced from conventional teleprompter devices. Our interactive teleprompter can recognize the user's gestures by applying infra-red (IR) depth sensor. This paper also presents test results for a beam splitter which plays a critical role for teleprompter and is designed to handle both visual light for RGB camera and IR for Depth sensor effectively.
The fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs), metabolites and illicit drugs in a WWTW and environmental waters (2017)

A large number of emerging contaminants (ECs) are known to persist in surface waters, and create pressure on wastewater treatment works (WWTW) for their effective removal. Although a large database for the levels of these pollutants in water systems exist globally, there is still a lack in the correlation of the levels of these pollutants with possible long-term adverse health effects in wildlife and humans, such as endocrine disruption. The current study detected a total of 55 ECs in WWTW influent surface water, 41 ECs in effluent, and 40 ECs in environmental waters located upstream and downstream of the plant. A list of ECs persisted through the WWTW process, with 28% of all detected ECs removed by less than 50%, and 18% of all ECs were removed by less than 25%. Negative mass balances of some pharmaceuticals and metabolites were observed within the WWTW, suggesting possible back-transformation of ECs during wastewater treatment. Three parental illicit drug compounds were detected within the influent of the WWTW, with concentrations ranging between 27.6 and 147.0 ng L<sup>-1</sup> for cocaine, 35.6-120.6 ng L<sup>-1</sup> for mephedrone, and 270.9-450.2 ng L<sup>-1</sup> for methamphetamine. The related environmental risks are also discussed for some ECs, with particular reference to their ability to disrupt endocrine systems. The current study propose the potential of the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen to be regarded as priority ECs for environmental monitoring due to their regular detection and persistence in environmental waters and their possible contribution towards adverse health effects in humans and wildlife.
Tumor Angiogenesis as a Prognostic Factor in Early Oral Tongue Cancer (1996)

The number of microvessels per X 250 field in the area of most intensive neovascularization in early oral tongue carcinoma may be an independent predictor of nodal metastases. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis may therefore prove valuable in selecting patients with early oral tongue carcinoma for aggressive therapy.
Sequential multiple functions of the conserved sequence in sequence-specific termination by T7 RNA polymerase (2004)

Escherichia coli rrnB terminator t1 contains an RNA hairpin-dependent (class I) and a sequence-specific (class II) termination signal. The latter consists of an 8-bp conserved sequence (CS), TATCTGTT, immediately followed by an 8-bp T rich sequence. In this study, elongation complexes of T7 RNA polymerase at various positions of the class II signal and several mutant signals were obtained by stepwise walking on immobilized DNA templates free of the class I signal. Multiple CS-associated conformational changes were observed, starting at the beginning of the signal and occurring sequentially. When the complexes reach the first base pair of the CS-DNA duplex, which is downstream of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex, their stability, as measured by time-course retention of radiolabeled transcripts, markedly decreases. Further elongation leads to an abrupt change in polymerase-RNA interaction. Cross-linking of the polymerase to a 4-thio-UMP incorporated into RNA 8 nucleotides upstream of the 3' end and just upstream of the heteroduplex is initially strong but diminishes when the polymerase reaches the fourth base pair of the CS. After a further 7-nt elongation, the exposed single-stranded region of nontemplate strand is contracted; RNA in the upstream half of the heteroduplex becomes dissociated, and the CS-DNA duplex is reformed. During the next 5-nt elongation before termination, the CS duplex is prevented from translocation, and the contracted transcription bubble expands only downstream. These findings suggest that the CS duplex plays essential roles by successively binding to polymerase both downstream and upstream of the heteroduplex.
Induced γ-ray emission (1963)

The extension of optical maser techniques to the γ-ray region is considered. It is shown that under certain conditions induced γ rays can be produced. The condition of criticality rather than that of oscillation is used because a γ-ray maser does not have a resonant structure. The main observable effects are the shortening of lifetimes of some γ excitations and the appearance of two or more coherent γ quanta. It appears to be difficult to prepare samples that will become critical. The principles are applied to a specific example.
Effect of transmurally heterogeneous myocyte excitation–contraction coupling on canine left ventricular electromechanics (2009)

The excitation-contraction coupling properties of cardiac myocytes isolated from different regions of the mammalian left ventricular wall have been shown to vary considerably, with uncertain effects on ventricular function. We embedded a cell-level excitation-contraction coupling model with region-dependent parameters within a simple finite element model of left ventricular geometry to study effects of electromechanical heterogeneity on local myocardial mechanics and global haemodynamics. This model was compared with one in which heterogeneous myocyte parameters were assigned randomly throughout the mesh while preserving the total amount of each cell subtype. The two models displayed nearly identical transmural patterns of fibre and cross-fibre strains at end-systole, but showed clear differences in fibre strains at earlier points during systole. Haemodynamic function, including peak left ventricular pressure, maximal rate of left ventricular pressure development and stroke volume, were essentially identical in the two models. These results suggest that in the intact ventricle heterogeneously distributed myocyte subtypes primarily impact local deformation of the myocardium, and that these effects are greatest during early systole.
A novel architecture of the 3D stacked MRAM L2 cache for CMPs (2009)

Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is a promising memory technology, which has fast read access, high density, and non-volatility. Using 3D heterogeneous integrations, it becomes feasible and cost-efficient to stack MRAM atop conventional chip multiprocessors (CMPs). However, one disadvantage of MRAM is its long write latency and its high write energy. In this paper, we first stack MRAM-based L2 caches directly atop CMPs and compare it against SRAM counterparts in terms of performance and energy. We observe that the direct MRAM stacking might harm the chip performance due to the aforementioned long write latency and high write energy. To solve this problem, we then propose two architectural techniques: read-preemptive write buffer and SRAM-MRAM hybrid L2 cache. The simulation result shows that our optimized MRAM L2 cache improves performance by 4.91% and reduces power by 73.5%compared to the conventional SRAM L2 cache with the similar area.
Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Approaches to Locally Target Therapy and Enhance Tissue Regeneration <i>In Vivo</i> (2012)

Magnetic-based systems utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic field gradient to exert a force on these particles have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications. This review is focused on drug targeting applications that require penetration of a cellular barrier as well as strategies to improve the efficacy of targeting in these biomedical applications. Another focus of this review is regenerative applications utilizing tissue engineered scaffolds prepared with the aid of magnetic particles, the use of remote actuation for release of bioactive molecules and magneto-mechanical cell stimulation, cell seeding and cell patterning.
Investigation of a chlorsulfuron-resistant chickweed [<i>Stellaria media</i> (L.) Vill.] population (1994)

A chickweed population (R) from a farm near Stony Plain, Alberta, was more resistant to chlorsulfuron than a population (S) collected near Vegreville, Alberta. In greenhouse experiments, the S population was controlled completely by chlorsulfuron applied at 5 g ha −1 , whereas 22 g ha −1 was required to reduce dry weight of the R population by 50%. Experiments conducted in a germinator indicated that percentage germination of the R population was higher than that of the S population up to ~ 60 h. Growth analyses in the greenhouse indicated that leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, days to flowering, flower number, seed weight and relative yields differed little between the two populations. In field experiments, control of the R population was poor with the sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, amidosulfuron and thifensulfuron. Good to excellent control was obtained with cyanazine/MCPA, linuron, metribuzin, mecoprop, bentazon, metribuzin + MCPA, linuron + MCPA, and mecoprop + bentazon. Key words: Sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, herbicide resistance, relative competitiveness
Laser-induced plasma formation in water at nanosecond to femtosecond time scales: calculation of thresholds, absorption coefficients, and energy density (1999)

The generation of plasmas in water by high-power laser pulses was investigated for pulse durations between 100 ns and 100 fs on the basis of a rate equation for the free electron density. The rate equation was numerically solved to calculate the evolution of the electron density during the laser pulse and to determine the absorption coefficient and energy density of the plasma. For nanosecond laser pulses, the generation of free electrons in distilled water is initiated by multiphoton ionization but then dominated by cascade ionization. For shorter laser pulses, multiphoton ionization gains ever more importance, and collision and recombination losses during breakdown diminish. The corresponding changes in the evolution of the free carrier density explain the reduction of the energy threshold for breakdown and of the plasma energy density observed with decreasing laser pulse duration. By solving the rate equation, we could also explain the complex pulse duration dependence of plasma transmission found in previous experiments. Good quantitative agreement was found between calculated and measured values for the breakdown threshold, plasma absorption coefficient, and plasma energy density.
A study of the superoxide radical chemistry by stopped-flow radiolysis and radiation induced oxygen consumption (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA study of the superoxide radical chemistry by stopped-flow radiolysis and radiation induced oxygen consumptionBenon H. J. Bielski and Helen W. RichterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 9, 3019–3023Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00451a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00451a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views727Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Growth of MgO thin films on M-, A-, C- and<i>R</i>-plane sapphire by laser ablation (1999)

Epitaxial MgO thin films have been grown on single crystal substrates of M-plane (100), A-plane (20), C-plane (0001) and R-plane (102) sapphire by laser ablation of a Mg metal target in a molecular oxygen atmosphere using 1064 nm radiation from a Nd:YAG laser. X-ray measurements indicate that the MgO grows epitaxially on all substrates, with its orientation dependent on the cut of the sapphire substrate. (110)-oriented MgO grows on M-plane sapphire, while (111)-oriented MgO films are found on both the A-plane and the C-plane sapphire. The orientation of MgO found on R-plane sapphire appears to be surface and temperature dependent. The principal growth orientation obtained on the R-plane is (100)-oriented MgO although (100) growth tilted 30° from the [11] Al2O3 direction can result. X-ray area mapping has been performed to determine the mosaicity, d value spread and strain present in the films. These data are compared with the in-plane orientation and the mismatch of the MgO and Al2O3 lattices in an attempt to relate the preferred orientation to the plane of the sapphire on which it is grown.