gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of Arabidopsis Pollen Tetrads Is Regulated by <i>QUARTET1</i>, a Pectin Methylesterase Gene (2006)

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) QUARTET (QRT) genes are required for pollen separation during normal floral development. In qrt mutants, the four products of microsporogenesis remain fused and pollen grains are released as tetrads. In Arabidopsis, tetrad analysis in qrt mutants has been used to map all five centromeres, easily distinguish sporophytic from gametophytic mutations, and accurately assess crossover interference. Using a combination of forward and reverse genetics, we have identified the gene responsible for the qrt1 phenotype. Annotation predicts that QRT1 encodes a pectin methylesterase (PME), and enzymatic assays of QRT1 expressed in Escherichia coli indicate that QRT1 has PME activity. Promoter and transcription analysis demonstrate QRT1 is expressed in anther tissues shortly after meiosis is complete. Unexpectedly, the QRT1 promoter is also active in a variety of developmentally unrelated tissues, including developing guard cells, the hypocotyl-root transition zone, areas of lateral root emergence, and floral nectaries. PMEs constitute a large gene family in Arabidopsis, are involved in cell wall loosening, and have been implicated in various aspects of floral development and pollen tube elongation. The identification of QRT1 as a PME contributes to our understanding of pollen development and may help to provide valuable genetic tools in other plant species.
Phase equilibria by simulation in the Gibbs ensemble (1988)

The Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo simulation methodology for phase equilibrium calculations proposed by Panagiotopoulos [1] is generalized and applied to mixture and membrane equilibria. An alternative derivation of the Gibbs simulation criteria based on the limiting distributions for the appropriate statistical mechanical ensembles is presented. The method is then generalized for the calculation of phase equilibria of mixtures by simulation in a constantpressure Gibbs ensemble and the calculation of equilibria across semipermeable membranes with an imposed osmotic pressure difference. The method is used to calculate phase equilibria for binary mixtures of Lennard-Jones molecules. Good agreement is found with published results obtained using other simulation techniques. The computer time required for the Gibbs method is only a small fraction of the corresponding requirement for previously available simulation techniques. Calculations for simple osmotic systems are performed for the first time by simulation, with results in agreement with exact theoretical predictions.
Research on Excitation &amp; Measurement Strategy of Tuber Electrical Resistance Tomography System (2014)

The non-invasion electrical process tomography of plant tuber or root is a new research field in the accurate cultivation of plants. Tuber Electrical Resistance Tomography (TERT) is aimed to extend the application of the technology into agriculture, which can help improving and breeding new varieties of the crops. This paper mainly studies excitation & measurement strategy. Especially the influences on distribution of sensitive field brought by the width and numbers of the array electrodes in the soil environment are analyzed. Besides, the relationship between the electrical conductivity and the measured boundary voltages is also discussed.
How do Anions in Water-Based Muds Affect Shale Stability? (1999)

The effect of different anions on shale behavior has been studied. Viscosity effects, pore blocking mechanisms and osmotic phenomena have been evaluated by pressure transmission tests under high pressure and high temperature conditions. Parallel to this short term experiments, mechanical (indentation) tests on cuttings aged for 12 days at 80°C have been run. In addition to organic and inorganic sodium and potassium salts, two commercial glycols (with and without Cloud Point) have been selected and analyzed. All the experiments have been carried out at alkaline pH. It is shown that different anions induce different shale hardening and different unbalance (related to osmotic phenomena) between pore and drilling fluid pressures. Besides that, some conclusions on the role of glycols have been drawn.
Reasoning with partial preference models (2001)

First, the present simultaneous study is superior to previous comparisons, because the two examinations were performed under identical physiologic conditions. Second, our results suggest that the two techniques demonstrate similar sensitivity in the detection of reflux.
Image quality evaluation: JPEG 2000 versus intra-only H.264/AVC High Profile (2007)

The objective of this work is to provide image quality evaluation for intra-only H.264/AVC High Profile (HP) standard versus JPEG2000 standard. Here, we review the structure of the two standards and the coding algorithms in the context of subjective and objective assessments. Simulations were performed on a test set of monochrome and color image. As a result of simulations, we observed that the subjective and objective image quality of H.264/AVC is superior to JPEG2000, except the blocking artifact which is inherent, since it consists of block transform rather than whole image transform. Thus, we propose a unified measurement system to properly define image quality.
Synthesis of textured thin piezoelectric A1N films with a nonzero c-axis mean tilt for the fabrication of shear mode resonators (2006)

Synthesis of textured thin piezoelectric AlN films with a nonzero c-axis mean tilt for the fabrication of shear mode resonators
Rotating-compensator multichannel ellipsometry: Applications for real time Stokes vector spectroscopy of thin film growth (1998)

A multichannel spectroscopic ellipsometer based on the rotating-compensator principle was developed and applied to measure the time evolution of spectra (1.5–4.0 eV) in the normalized Stokes vector of the light beam reflected from the surface of a growing film. With this instrument, a time resolution of 32 ms for full spectra is possible. Several advantages of the rotating-compensator multichannel ellipsometer design over the simpler rotating-polarizer design are demonstrated here. These include the ability to: (i) determine the sign of the p-s wave phase-shift difference Δ, (ii) obtain accurate Δ values for low ellipticity polarization states, and (iii) deduce spectra in the degree of polarization of the light beam reflected from the sample. We have demonstrated the use of the latter spectra to characterize instrument errors such as stray light inside the spectrograph attached to the multichannel detector. The degree of polarization of the reflected beam has also been applied to characterize the time evolution of light scattering during the nucleation of thin film diamond by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, as well as the time evolution of thickness nonuniformities over the probed area of the growing diamond film. In this article, a detailed description of calibration and data reduction for the new instrument is provided. Future applications of this instrument are expected for real time characterization of film growth and etching on patterned surfaces for microelectronics and on thick transparent substrates for large area displays and photovoltaics.
Kinetochores are transported poleward along a single astral microtubule during chromosome attachment to the spindle in newt lung cells. (1990)

During mitosis in cultured newt pneumocytes, one or more chromosomes may become positioned well removed (greater than 50 microns) from the polar regions during early prometaphase. As a result, these chromosomes are delayed for up to 5 h in forming an attachment to the spindle. The spatial separation of these chromosomes from the polar microtubule-nucleating centers provides a unique opportunity to study the initial stages of kinetochore fiber formation in living cells. Time-lapse Nomarski-differential interference contrast videomicroscopic observations reveal that late-attaching chromosomes always move, upon attachment, into a single polar region (usually the one closest to the chromosome). During this attachment, the kinetochore region of the chromosome undergoes a variable number of transient poleward tugs that are followed, shortly thereafter, by rapid movement of the chromosome towards the pole. Anti-tubulin immunofluorescence and serial section EM reveal that the kinetochores and kinetochore regions of nonattached chromosomes lack associated microtubules. By contrast, these methods reveal that the attachment and subsequent poleward movement of a chromosome correlates with the association of a single long microtubule with one of the kinetochores of the chromosome. This microtubule traverses the entire distance between the spindle pole and the kinetochore and often extends well past the kinetochore. From these results, we conclude that the initial attachment of a chromosome to the newt pneumocyte spindle results from an interaction between a single polar-nucleated microtubule and one of the kinetochores on the chromosome. Once this association is established, the kinetochore is rapidly transported poleward along the surface of the microtubule by a mechanism that is not dependent on microtubule depolymerization. Our results further demonstrate that the motors for prometaphase chromosome movement must be either on the surface of the kinetochore (i.e., within the corona but not the plate), distributed along the surface of the kinetochore microtubules, or both.
Development of a Tiny Orientation Estimation Device to Operate under Motion and Magnetic Disturbance (2007)

A tiny absolute orientation estimating device equipped with a network function has been developed using accelerometers and magnetometers to estimate gravity and the geomagnetic field, respectively. Because accelerometers measure motion other than gravity, a method has been proposed to eliminate the effect of motion. An estimation method is proposed that excludes the effect of magnetic disturbances. An advantage of this estimation method is that models can be switched according to the environment. Sigma Points Kalman Filters (SPKFs) were evaluated to determine the proper filter for the proposed algorithm. A Square-Root Central Difference Kalman Filter (SR-CDKF) was the best method considering stability, accuracy, and calculation cost. Using simulations and the realized device, the proposed algorithm stably estimated the orientation in the presence of motion and magnetic disturbances.
Key challenges in deploying a voice activated premier dialing application (2002)

Nortel has been involved in speech recognition since 1978 and since 1989 the company has been deploying various speech recognition applications for use in the telephony business. In 1995, Nortel developed the voice activated premier dialing (VAPD) application which allows callers to access various subscribing businesses or services (such as entertainment events) by calling one number and saying the business or service name they want to connect to. The world's first VAPD trial was held in Saskatchewan Regina. It was a joint effort between Nortel, Stentor Resource Center Inc. (SRCI) and SaskTel. The trial lasted nine months and provided valuable lessons to the design, speech and human factors teams. This paper gives an overview of VAPD and describes the key challenges encountered during the Regina trial as well as the main lessons learned from deploying such applications.
Efficient model reduction of interconnect via approximate system gramians (1999)

Krylov-subspace based methods for generating low-order models of complicated interconnect are extremely effective, but there is no optimality theory for the resulting models. Alternatively, methods based on truncating a balanced realization (TBR), in which the observability and controllability gramians have been diagonalized, do have an optimality property but are too computationally expensive to use on complicated problems. In this paper we present a method for computing reduced-order models of interconnect by projection via the orthogonalized union of the approximate dominant eigenspaces of the system's controllability and observability gramians. The approximate dominant eigenspaces are obtained efficiently using an iterative Lyapunov equation solver, Vector ADI, which requires only linear matrix-vector solves. A spiral inductor and a transmission line example are used to demonstrate that the new method accurately approximates the TBR results and gives much more accurate wideband models than Krylov subspace-based moment matching methods.
An ultra-low R ons in 4H-SiC vertical MOSFET: buried channel double-epitaxial MOSFET (2004)

This study developed a novel 4H-SiC vertical MOSFET device structure named double-epitaxial MOSFET (DEMOSFET). In the structure, the p-well is composed of two p-type epitaxial layers, while an n-type region between the p-wells is formed by low-dose n-type ion implantation, A buried channel is formed at the surface of the upper p - epitaxial layer. A fabricated DEMOSFET showed an on-resistance of 8.5 mΩcm 2 at a gate voltage of 15 V when a blocking voltage is 600 V. The simulation results revealed that the characteristics largely depend on the profile of the nitrogen in the n-type region between the p-wells.
Positional Correlation in Base Occurrence in Splicing Patterns (2000)

The recognition of splicing patterns is an important step in the initial stage of pre-mRNA splicing process. In accordance with the type of splice site, there are two types of splicing patterns, i.e., donor and acceptor patterns. The donor and acceptor patterns are a sequence of 12 bps (upstream 4 bps and downstream 8 bps) and a sequence of 18 bps (upstream 15 bps and downstream 3 bps), respectively. In a previous study [1], it was found that there are correlations among some positions in donor patterns. In this study, we analyze the positional correlation in the splicing patterns of human genes from the viewpoint of the relative change of sequence logo (RC) and propose a new model to describe the correlation.
Industrial production of ultra-stable sulfonated graphene quantum dots for Golgi apparatus imaging (2017)

The wide use of functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in stable dispersions is currently hampered by the lack of industrially scalable, low-cost, and eco-friendly methods. Herein we report the first realization of the industrial-scale (20 L) production of high-quality fluorescent GQDs via a molecular fusion route from a low-cost, active derivative of pyrene. By a wholly "green", conventional sulfonation reaction at low hydrothermal temperature, the molecular precursor is wholly converted into highly water-soluble, sulfonated GQDs without byproducts such as insoluble carbon. The GQDs show superior optical properties including strong excitonic absorption bands extended to ∼530 nm, bright photoluminescence (PL) at 510 nm with a quantum yield of up to 42%, and a wide PLE spectrum. The edge-site sulfonic functionalization enables the GQDs to stably re-disperse in water and maintains high fluorescence activities even after annealing up to 250 °C, whereas amino GQDs and graphene oxide sheets markedly aggregate after drying at low temperature. The GQDs are applied as biological fluorescent probes for visualizing and targeting Golgi apparatus in Hela and MCF7 live cells. The low-cost mass production, excellent biocompatibility, and superior optical properties make the GQDs an attractive alternative probe for efficient Golgi targeted imaging in biomedical applications.
Dynamic and static behavior of packaged silicon carbide MOSFETs in paralleled applications (2014)

There is little work done to study the nuances related to paralleling the higher speed SiC Mosfet devices when compared to Si devices. This paper deals with the parallel operation of packaged silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. The parameters that affect the static and dynamic current sharing behavior of the devices have been studied. We also investigate the sensitivity of those parameters to the junction temperature of the devices. The case temperature difference for paralleled MOSFETs has been experimentally measured on a SEPIC converter for different gate driver resistance and different switching frequency, the results show the current and temperature can be well balanced for the latest generation of SiC MOSFETs with low gate driver resistance.
FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Mediated Cyclization of [60]Fullerene with <i>N</i>-Benzhydryl Sulfonamides under High-Speed Vibration Milling Conditions (2013)

The FeCl3-mediated reaction of [60]fullerene with N-benzhydryl sulfonamides afforded C60-fused indane derivatives using the high-speed vibration milling technique. A possible reaction mechanism involving the unprecedented FeCl3-mediated homolytic C-N bond cleavage of N-benzhydryl sulfonamides is proposed. The electrochemistry of the obtained C60-fused indanes was also investigated.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP-1) Is a Mitogen for Cultured Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1997)

The involvement of inflammatory mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis has recently been suggested. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) is a soluble protein which is implicated in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including atherosclerosis. We evaluated the effect of human recombinant MCP-1 on the in vitro proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Incubation of VSMCs with MCP-1 (50-200 ng/ml) in the presence of 0.5% FCS significantly increased cell proliferation, [3H]-thymidine incorporation and the proliferative S fraction, measured by flow cytometry, compared to control cells. The proliferative effect of MCP-1 was specific, as shown by inhibition with a rabbit polyclonal serum to MCP-1. Moreover, the mitogenic effect of MCP-1 was significantly inhibited by downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and by incubation with H-7, a protein kinase inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of the PKC system. Verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, also reduced the stimulatory effect of MCP-1 on cell proliferation. This study demonstrates that MCP-1 does not merely have a chemotactic activity, but also a mitogenic effect on cultured rat VSMCs.
Serological Differentiation of Three Species of <i>Armillaria</i> and <i>Lentinula Edodes</i> by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Immunized Chickens as a Source of Antibodies (1990)

Antibodies to three isolates each of Armillaria mellea, A. ostoyae, A. tabescens, and Lentinula edodes were isolated from eggs of immunized laying hens. The reactivity of each antibody preparation with all isolates was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cross-reactivity of the antibody preparations to a given Armillaria species varied considerably when tested against isolates of other Armillaria species. Several antibody preparations were capable of distinguishing isolates of its homologous species from isolates of heterologous species. The specificity of the antibodies present in eggs was dependent on time elapsed since immunization. Eggs laid 3 weeks after immunization with an Armillaria species isolate possessed antibodies that were most specific for isolates of that species. The intergeneric cross-reactivity was found to be smallest with antibodies from eggs laid 5 weeks or more after immunization. Preliminary results suggest that ELISA using chicken egg yolk antibodies will provide useful information in the taxonomy of Armillaria.
The first exploration of Illawarra by land (1962)

For some reason or other, in the Society' s previous assessment of early explorations of the llloworro district, there has been a blank of some years. Previous accounts hove covered Cook's attempted landing in 1770, the 1796 exploits of Boss and Flinders, the traversing of the district by the survivors of SYDNEY COVE resulting in the discovery of cool, and the confirmation of the existence of cool through Boss as a result of that report. Thereafter, the blank existed until 1 B 15 when Dr. Charles Throsby brought his cattle overland to be fattened in the lush coastal area. journey of G. W. Evans in 1812 wa s never appraised, although he traversed the area from Jervis Boy up the coast and then overland to Appin. Possibly the misunderstanding arose from the fact that until comparatively recently the authorship of the original journal, which tells the history of the expedition, was hot established. Such authorship is now authoritatively ascribed to G. W. Evans. paper is referred to very briefly by Mr. James Jervis in his lila · warro: a Century of History 1788· 1 888 in the R.A.H.S. Journal Volume 28 page 74, but under the heeding, The Explora tion of the . Evans's Journal was also the subject of a paper by Mr. M. H. Ellis before the Campbell · town and Airds Historical Society in 1948, and latterly it has been covered by a paper by Mr. A. K. Weotherburn in R.A.H.S. Journal Volume 46 page 83 under the heeding Exploration of the Jervis Boy, Shoolhoven and llloworra Districts 1797·1812 . Full acknowledgement must be given to Mr. Ell is and parti· culorly to Mr. Weotherburn; as also to the holders of the manuscript, the Trustees of the Mitchell Library, who furnished a photo.copy of Evans' s Journal and sl ides to illustrate.
Multiconfiguration Kalman filter design for high-performance GPS navigation (1983)

This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance of a real-time multiconfiguration Kalman filter for high-performance Navstar global positioning system (GPS) navigation. The design provides extreme flexibility in order to operate with a wide variety of host sensors. It configures automatically (four filter configurations) based upon the host vehicle requirements and sensor availability, in order to process GPS measurements and provide the best estimate of the navigation states. Two new techniques, namely an unaided dead-reckoning Kalman filter implementation and an automatic inertial platform tilt estimation control scheme, are developed to improve the navigation accuracy, especially for high-dynamics applications. Performance results are presented to demonstrate the advantages of these techniques.
Primary CTL response magnitude in mice is determined by the extent of naive T cell recruitment and subsequent clonal expansion (2010)

CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection are characterized by the emergence of dominant and subdominant CTL populations. The immunodominance hierarchies of these populations are highly reproducible for any given spectrum of virus-induced peptide-MHCI complexes and are likely determined by multiple factors. Recent studies demonstrate a direct correlation between naive epitope-specific CD8+ T cell precursor (CTLp) frequency and the magnitude of the response after antigen challenge. Thus, the number of available precursors in the naive pool has emerged as a key predictor of immunodominance. In contrast to this, we report here no consistent relationship between CTLp frequency and the subsequent magnitude of the immune response for 4 influenza virus-derived epitopes following intranasal infection of mice with influenza A virus. Rather, the characteristic, antigen-driven T cell immunodominance hierarchy was determined by the extent of recruitment from the available pool of epitope-specific precursors and the duration of their continued expansion over the course of the infection. These findings suggest possibilities for enhancing protective immune memory by maximizing both the size and diversity of typically subdominant T cell responses through rational vaccine design.