gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrolytic cleavage of<i>N</i>6-substituted adenine derivatives by eukaryotic adenine and adenosine deaminases (2008)

Homogeneous adenine deaminases (EC 3.5.4.2) from the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe and a putative ADA (adenosine deaminase; EC 3.5.4.4) from Arabidopsis thaliana were obtained for the first time as purified recombinant proteins by molecular cloning of the corresponding genes and their overexpression in Escherichia coli. The enzymes showed comparable molecular properties with well-known mammalian ADAs, but exhibited much lower k(cat) values. Adenine was the most favoured substrate for the yeast enzymes, whereas the plant enzyme showed only very low activities with either adenine, adenosine, AMP or ATP. Interestingly, the yeast enzymes also hydrolysed N6-substituted adenines from cytokinins, a group of plant hormones, cleaving them to inosine and the corresponding side chain amine. The hydrolytic cleavage of synthetic cytokinin 2,6-di-substituted analogues that are used in cancer therapy, such as olomoucine, roscovitine and bohemine, was subsequently shown for a reference sample of human ADA1. ADA1, however, showed a different reaction mechanism to that of the yeast enzymes, hydrolysing the compounds to an adenine derivative and a side chain alcohol. The reaction products were identified using reference compounds on HPLC coupled to UV and Q-TOF (quadrupole-time-of-flight) detectors.The ADA1 activity may constitute the debenzylation metabolic route already described for bohemine and, as a consequence, it may compromise the physiological or therapeutic effects of exogenously applied cytokinin derivatives.
Avaliação de dois tipos de medição na detecção da condição interna da madeira por ultrassom (2011)

The knowledge of the intern condition of the wood or of the tree, is fundamental for different applications. Acoustic methods are very used in the detection of internal defects. In the case of the ultrasound, the wave propagation is affected by the presence of materials with different characteristics of acoustic impedance, causing variation in the velocity of wave propagation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of two measurement types in the detection of hollows using the variation of the velocity of wave propagation as parameter. To reach this objective 3 disks of wood of the Eucalyptus Citriodora , with natural hollow, was testing using two measurement types – in parallel axes (matrix) and for diffraction. Those two measurement types differ in terms of positioning of the transducers. The tests were accomplished using ultrasound equipment (USLab) and exponential transducers of 45 kHz. The both types of measurements allow the identification of the hole. The diffraction presented results more accurate for detection of the small defects like a cracks or fissures.
A 0.5-to-3 GHz Software-Defined Radio Receiver Using Discrete-Time RF Signal Processing (2014)

A software-defined radio (SDR) wireless receiver leveraging discrete-time (DT) RF signal processing is introduced. The proposed DT signal processor, which applies switched capacitor techniques to radio frequencies, achieves harmonic rejection, image rejection, and frequency translation simultaneously. A frequency tunable high-Q 2nd-order bandpass input impedance is synthesized by the DT RF signal processor, which enhances the front-end interference rejection and frequency selectivity. A proof-of-concept SDR receiver prototype, including a 65 nm LP CMOS chip and a custom designed board, is presented. The highly programmable chip allows independent control of individual block parameters and bias operating points for optimum performance under various signal scenarios. The 0.5-to-3 GHz SDR receiver achieves out-of-band IIP3 > 11 dBm, IIP2 > 46 dBm, uncalibrated 3rd and 5th order harmonic rejection exceeding 46 dB and 51 dB, respectively, and can handle up to -5 dBm blockers with less than 5 dB degradation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when the blocker offset frequency is 10 times the signal bandwidth irrespective of the center frequency.
Permeability Damage in Diatomite Due to in-situ Silica Dissolution/Precipitation (1996)

Abstract It has been observed in Mobil’s California diatomite thermal recovery projects that water injectivity decreases gradually with time. Several factors, such as reservoir fill-up or high suspended solids concentration in the injection fluid, may effect such decrease. Due to the inherently low permeability of diatomite, small amounts of in-situ silica dissolution and/or precipitation can also have a drastic effect on the matrix permeability and consequently the injectivity. In this study, we outline an experimental program designed to ascertain such behavior and to elucidate qualitative and quantitative results to further our understanding of the problem. Furthermore, transient flow experiments were performed to obtain silica dissolution/precipitation data at various temperatures. It is shown that the silica reaction can be modeled approximately as first-order kinetics. Numerical model results indicate that this kinetic data can be used to model diatomite permeability damage data obtained in the laboratory. Our current effort to simulate field-scale permeability damage using the experimentally-derived silica kinetic model will also be discussed.
Studies on Polypeptides. XX. Synthesis and Corticotropic Activity of a Peptide Amide Corresponding to the N-Terminal Tridecapeptide Sequence of the Corticotropins<sup>1-4</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polypeptides. XX. Synthesis and Corticotropic Activity of a Peptide Amide Corresponding to the N-Terminal Tridecapeptide Sequence of the Corticotropins1-4Klaus Hofmann and Haruaki YajimaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 10, 2289–2293Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01471a017Request reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (752 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy: Seizure reduction during adjunctive eslicarbazepine in two cases (2015)

The aim of this study was to preliminarily determine, in a short open study, the effectiveness of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in two patients with severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI). We report on a 17-year-old Italian boy and a 21-year-old Italian girl with SMEI and a severe clinical outcome, in whom we identified two mutations (5053del AA fs1685X1691 and 931G > T E311X) in the alpha subunit of the neuronal sodium channel SCN1A gene. No drug treatment, including carbamazepine, phenobarbital, valproate, vigabatrin, clonazepam, lamotrigine, phenytoin, nitrazepam, felbamate, zonisamide, or lacosamide, had proven effective, and in the first patient, a VNS pacemaker implantation was tried. The patients suffered from severe and profound mental retardation, respectively. Seizures started in the first year of their life. The last EEGs showed slow background activity and paroxysmal activity in the frontal regions in the boy and slow background activity and paroxysmal activity in the temporooccipital regions with secondary diffusion in the girl. We observed in both patients after a few weeks from the start of ESL (at a dosage of 800 mg once daily) an important reduction in the frequency of complex partial seizures with secondary generalization. We observed an important change in seizure frequency from two seizures during the night to one seizure in ten days in the boy and from 6 daily seizures to one every four days with disappearance of daily seizures in the girl. The tolerability was good, and no adverse events were observed even if ESL was added to other antiepileptic drugs. Despite the short-term and open nature of our study and the small number of patients, ESL has proven to be effective and tolerated in our cases of severe myoclonic epilepsy.
Light-controlled Anodic oxidation of n-GaAs and its application to preparation of specified active layers for MESFET's (1979)

A new technique of anodic oxidation of n-GaAs is presented, whose principle is based upon the photo-avalanche multiplication effect during anodic oxidation under light illumination. An attractive feature of this technique is that the impurity concentration-thickness product of an n-GaAs epitaxial layer on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate can be automatically and precisely controlled to a desired value without knowing the initial thickness and the impurity concentration of the epitaxial layer. This etching technique has been successfully applied to the GaAs MESFET fabrication process, where the well-controlled drain saturation current and pinchoff voltage are obtainable simply by varying the illuminating light intensity during anodic oxidation.
Synthesis and Protein Kinase C Inhibitory Activities of Balanol Analogs with Replacement of the Perhydroazepine Moiety (1997)

Balanol is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor that is structurally composed of a benzophenone diacid, a 4-hydroxybenzamide, and a perhydroazepine ring. A number of balanol analogs in which the perhydroazepine moiety is replaced have been synthesized and their biological activities evaluated against both PKC and cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA). The results suggested that the activity and the isozyme/kinase selectivity of these compounds are largely related to the conformation about this nonaromatic structural element of the molecules.
Intra-abdominal infections: review of the bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility and the role of ertapenem in their therapy (2004)

Complicated intra-abdominal infections require a combination of surgery/drainage and antimicrobial therapy that is active against both the aerobic and the anaerobic bacteria that comprise the intestinal flora. Ertapenem, a parenteral carbapenem, is highly resistant to a wide variety of beta-lactamase enzymes, and has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria associated with community-acquired infections including those of complicated intra-abdominal conditions. This article reviews the bacteriology of complicated intra-abdominal infections, their antimicrobial susceptibility, especially to anaerobes, the utility of animal models in these mixed infections, and the supportive clinical trials and in vitro susceptibility data that show ertapenem to be generally well tolerated and as effective as either piperacillin-tazobactam or ceftriaxone plus metronidazole in the therapy of complicated intra-abdominal infections.
Basic statistical methods and models for the sciences (2002)

INTRODUCTION Scientific Method The Aims of Medicine, Science, and Engineering The Roles of Models and Data Deterministic and Statistical Models Probability Theory and Computer Simulation Definition: Monte Carlo Simulation CLASSES OF MODELS AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE Statistical Models - the Frequency Interpretation Some Useful Statistical Models Narrowing Down the Class of Potential Models SAMPLING AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Representative and Random Samples Descriptive Statistics of Location Descriptive Statistics of Variability Other Descriptive Statistics SURVEY OF BASIC PROBABILITY Introduction Probability and its Basic Rules Discrete Uniform Models and Counting Conditional Probability Statistical Independence Systematic Approach to Probability Problems Random Variables, Expectation and Variance The Central Limit Theorem and its Applications INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL ESTIMATION Methods of Estimation Distribution of Sample Percentiles Adequacy of Estimators Confidence Limits and Confidence Intervals Confidence Limits and Interval for Binomial p Comparing Estimators The Bootstrap TESTING HYPOTHESES Introduction Some Commonly Used Statistical Tests Types I and II Errors and (Discriminating) Power The Simulation Approach to Estimating Power Some Final Issues and Comments BASIC REGRESSION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Introduction Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear Regression The Analysis of Variance EPILOGUE BIBLIOGRAPHY SELECTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS INDEX
The Management of Depression During Pregnancy: A Report From the American Psychiatric Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2009)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University; Providence, Rhode Island Financial Disclosure: The author did not report any potential conflicts of interest.
Einleitung: Psychotherapie unter den Bedingungen der Moderne (1990)

Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Studie stehen die Protagonisten der Therapiebewegung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland — jene Leitfiguren der modernen Formen von Psychotherapie, die hierzulande seit den 70er Jahren das Aufsehen von immer mehr Menschen zu erregen und in ihren Bann zu ziehen vermögen. „Jawohl, ich habe Sendungsbewußtsein“, bekennt beispielsweise eine ihrer prominentesten internationalen Vertreterinnen, Ruth Cohn, in einem Interview (Die Zeit, 13.9.1985) und unterstreicht damit, was sie alle mehr oder minder charakterisiert. Voll missionarischem Eifer und Pioniergeist setzen sie sich für ihre Sache ein, versuchen so, ihrem Anliegen Gehör und Wirkung zu verschaffen.
An Experimental Investigation of Consumers' Perceived Value and Dining Satisfaction (2013)

The aim of this paper is to discuss the issues concerning the New Economic Po licy (NEP) of Malaysia. Even though the policy has ended nearly 20 years to-date, the issues of unequal treatments felt by the non-Bumiputeras and power struggle are still debatable. Regardless the outcry, it is undeniable that the NEP has great significant on putting the economic and social balance between ethnics in the country. The basic idea of NEP is as a plan to upscale the economic and to have an equal distribution of the national wealth without neglecting any parties as well as maintaining our country well-being.
Saturated Bioisosteres of <i>ortho</i>‐Substituted Benzenes (2020)

Saturated bioisosteres of ortho-disubstituted benzenes (bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes) were synthesized, characterized and validated. These cores were incorporated into the bioactive compounds Valsartan, Boskalid and Fluxapyroxad instead of the benzene ring. The saturated analogues showed a similar level of antifungal activity compared to that of Boskalid and Fluxapyroxad.
Current data of targeted therapies for the treatment of triple-negative advanced breast cancer: empiricism or evidence-based? (2009)

Approximately 10 - 15% of breast carcinomas (BCs) are known to be 'triple-negative (TN) receptor' (i.e., not expressing ER or PR and not exhibiting overexpression and/or gene amplification of HER2-neu). Triple-negative BCs comprise approximately 85% of all basal-type tumours. Classically, basal-like BCs have been characterised by low expression of ER, PR, and HER2 neu and high expression of CK5, CK14, caveolin-1, CAIX, p63, and EGFR (HER1), which reflects the mammary gland basal/myoepithelial cell component. Although there is no standard first-line chemotherapy regimen for metastatic TN BCs, anthracycline- and taxane-containing regimens are acceptable treatments. A large number of agents, including DNA-damaging agents, EGFR inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents and novel taxane formulations are currently being tested in clinical trials for first-line and pretreated patients. Limited experiences with platinum salts, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, cetuximab, bevacizumab and ixabepilone have been published in recent years and will be reported. Novel immunohistochemistry analysis for identification of basal like/TN phenotype are awaited to correctly select this population. The clinical trials investigating new agents have to be designed for a specific (and possibly large) subset of patients with BC. In the future, a gene array platform with greater sensitivity for distinguishing the various BC subtypes, as well as having the power to predict the molecular biology of the disease, will be an indispensible tool for treatment selection. Currently, treatment of TN BC is more empirical than evidence-based. The cornerstone of treatment is chemotherapy, but in the near future, novel target agents will emerge as possible partners.
Testbeds for Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Photonics: Efficacy of Light Emission Enhancement in Monomer vs Dimer Nanoscale Antennae (2017)

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are materials with unique potential for photonic and optoelectronic applications. They offer well-defined tunable direct band gaps in a broad electromagnetic spectral range. The small optical path across them naturally limits the light–matter interactions of these two-dimensional (2-D) materials, due to their atomic thinness. Nanoscale plasmonic antennae offer a substantial increase of field strength over very short distances, comparable to the native thickness of the TMD. For instance, it has been demonstrated that plasmonic dimer antennae generate hot-spot field enhancements by orders of magnitude when an emitter is positioned exactly over the middle of their gap. However, 2-D materials cannot be grown or easily transferred, to reside midgap of the metallic dimer cavity. Hence, it is not plausible to simply take the peak intensity as the emission enhancement factor. Here we show that the emission enhancement generated in a 2-D TMD film by a monomer antenna cavity rivals that of dimer cavities at a reduced lithographic effort. We rationalize this finding by showing that the emission enhancement in dimer antennae depends not on the peak of the field enhancement at the center of the cavity but rather from the average field enhancement across a plane located beneath the optical cavity where the emitting 2-D film is present. We test multiple dimer and monomer antenna geometries and observe a representative 3-fold emission enhancement for both monomer and dimer cavities as compared to the intrinsic emission of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-synthesized WS2 flakes. This finding suggests facile control and enhancement of the photoluminescence yield of 2-D materials based on engineering of light–matter interactions that can serve as a testbed for their rapid and detailed optical characterization.
Classification of Surgical Complications (2004)

The new complication classification appears reliable and may represent a compelling tool for quality assessment in surgery in all parts of the world.
Trading Latency for Energy in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using Message Ferrying (2005)

Power management is a critical issue in wireless ad hoc networks where the energy supply is limited. In this paper, we investigate a routing paradigm, message ferrying (MF), to save energy while trading off data delivery delay. In MF, special nodes called ferries move around the deployment area to deliver messages for nodes. The reliance on the movement of ferries to deliver data increases the delivery delay. However, nodes can save energy by disabling their radios when ferries are far away. To exploit this feature, we present a power management framework, in which nodes switch their power management modes based on the knowledge of ferry location. We evaluate the performance of our scheme using ns-2 simulations and compare it with dynamic source routing (DSR). Our simulation results show that MF achieves energy savings as high as 95% compared to DSR without power management and still delivers more than 98% of data. In contrast, power-managed DSR delivers much less data than MF to achieve similar energy savings. In the scenario of heavy traffic load, power-managed DSR delivers less than 20% of data. MF also shows robust performance for highly mobile nodes, while the performance of DSR suffers significantly. Thus, delay tolerant applications should use MF rather than a multihop routing protocol to save energy efficiently when both routing approaches are available.
Heterobimetallic Coordination Polymers Incorporating [M(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup>(M = Cu, Ag) and [Ag<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup>Units:  Increasing Structural Dimensionality via M−M‘ and M···NC Interactions (2002)

A series of new heterometallic coordination polymers has been prepared from the reaction of metal−ligand cations and KAg(CN)2 units. Many of these contain silver−silver (argentophilic) interactions, analogous to gold−gold interactions, which serve to increase supramolecular structural dimensionality. Compared to [Au(CN)2]- analogues, these polymers display new trends specific to [Ag(CN)2]-, including the formation of [Ag2(CN)3]- and the presence of Ag···N interactions. [Cu(en)2][Ag2(CN)3][Ag(CN)2] (1, en = ethylenediamine) forms 1-D chains of alternating [Ag(CN)2]- and [Ag2(CN)3]- units via argentophilic interactions of 3.102(1) Å. These chains are connected into a 2-D array by strong cyano(N)−Ag interactions of 2.572(3) Å. [Cu(dien)Ag(CN)2]2[Ag2(CN)3][Ag(CN)2] (2, dien = diethylenetriamine) forms a 1-D chain of alternating [Cu(dien)]2+ and [Ag(CN)2]- ions with the Cu(II) atoms connected in an apical/equatorial fashion. These chains are cross-linked by [Ag2(CN)3]- units via argentophilic interactions of 3.1718(8) Å and held weakly in a 3-D array by argentophilic interactions of 3.2889(5) Å between the [Ag(CN)2]- in the 2-D array and the remaining free [Ag(CN)2]-. [Ni(en)][Ni(CN)4]·2.5H2O (4) was identified as a byproduct in the reaction to prepare the previously reported [Ni(en)2Ag2(CN)3][Ag(CN)2] (3). In [Ni(tren)Ag(CN)2][Ag(CN)2] (5, tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine), [Ni(tren)]2+ cations are linked in a cis fashion by [Ag(CN)2]- anions to form a 1-D chain similar to the [Au(CN)2]- analogue. [Cu(en)Cu(CN)2Ag(CN)2] (6) is a trimetallic polymer consisting of interpenetrating (6,3) nets stabilized by d10−d10 interactions between Cu(I)−Ag(I) (3.1000(4) Å). Weak antiferromagnetic coupling has been observed in 2, and a slightly stronger exchange has been observed in 6. The Ni(II) complexes, 4 and 5, display weak antiferromagnetic interactions as indicated by their relatively larger D values compared to that of 3. Magnetic measurements on isostructural [Ni(tren)M(CN)2][M(CN)2] (M = Ag, Au) show that Ag(I) is a more efficient mediator of magnetic exchange as compared to Au(I). The formation of [Ni(CN)4]2-, [Ag2(CN)3]-, and [Cu(CN)2]- are all attributed to secondary reactions of the dissociation products of the labile KAg(CN)2.