gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurons, glia, and plasticity in normal brain aging. (2002)

Early manifestations of brain aging have received much less attention than the drastic degeneration of AD and MID. During nonpathological changes of normal aging, brain systems differ in the involvement of neuron loss: Spatial learning can become impaired without evidence for neuron loss, whereas eye-blink conditioning deficits are well correlated with Purkinje neuron loss. Glial activation, in particular the increased expression of GFAP, may be a factor in impaired synaptic plasticity. Lastly, I discuss how developmental variations in the numbers of Purkinje cells and ovarian oocytes can be factors in outcomes of aging that are not under strict genetic control.
Lateral Diffusion in Ag–Te Thin-Film Couples (1969)

The lateral diffusion of Ag along a thin evaporated Te film has been studied by optical and electron microscopy. Diffusion occurred only when the Ag was at least 1.0 times the Te thickness, corresponding to the presence of sufficient Ag to form Ag2Te in the diffusion zone. Electron microscopy of the diffusion zone showed considerable grain-boundary diffusion and this was in agreement with the observation that the growth rate had a maximum at a Te film thickness of about 80 Å when the Te structure had an optimum number of grain-boundary paths. The activation energy for the diffusion process was found to be 10.0 kcal/mole.
The Power of Political Advertising Advocacy: A Case-Study of 2006 Missouri Election Stem-Cell Celebrity Endorsements (2007)

The authors use a case-study analysis to examine celebrity endorsements in advertising supporting and opposing the 2006 Missouri amendment on stem-cell research. The spots in this case received considerable coverage in the national news media selected for analysis. Not only do the authors conclude that the use of celebrities in this case was effective, but also that these spots helped focus the national news agenda on the Missouri race and on the stem-cell research issue.
Induction of antigen specific cellular immunity by vaccination with peptides from MN/CA IX in renal cell carcinoma (2003)

We investigated the induction of the specific immunity for renal cell carcinomas (RCC) using MN/CA IX, a tumor-associated antigen frequently expressed in RCC. We have generated 9-mer peptide derived from MN/CA IX and examined the antigenicity as a vaccine to induce specific immunity for RCC. To use mouse syngeneic system, we transfected human MN/CA9 cDNA into RenCa and BALB-3T3 cells originally from BALB/c mouse, and established MN/CA IX expressing mouse cell lines, i.e., MN-RenCa and MN-3T3. The immunization of BALB/c mouse with MN-RenCa cells resulted in the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against MN/CA IX expressing cells and the CTL clone was established from bulked CTL. This CTL clone specifically lyzed MN-3T3 cells, but not parental cells. To identify the targeted epitope binding to H-2Kd antigen, three 9-mer peptides (A, B, C-peptide) of human MN/CA IX compatible with the H-2Kd as well as HLA-A24 binding motif was synthesized. The cloned CTL targeted the B-peptide pulsed BALB-3T3 cells as well as MN-3T3 cells. Furthermore, spleen cells from BALB/c mouse immunized with B-peptide reacted against MN-RenCa cells. These results suggest that the peptides derived from MN/CA IX containing HLA-A24 binding motif may be useful as a potent tumor vaccine for the treatment of human RCC, and in mouse models.
A Self-Managed Distributed Channel Selection Algorithm for WLANs (2006)

In this paper we consider the problem of a wireless LAN selecting a channel to minimise interference with other WLANs. We focus on interfering infrastructure-mode networks, where each access point (AP) or base station has a wired backhaul link. We introduce a new fully distributed and self-managed channel selection algorithm that does not require direct communication between APs nor explicit estimation of the network interference graph. The sole information required by the algorithm is feedback to each WLAN on the presence of interference on a chosen channel; such feedback is already commonly provided by WLAN protocols such as 802.11. We establish that convergence of the distributed algorithm is guaranteed provided that the channel selection problem is feasible. Extensive simulation results are presented that demonstrate rapid convergence under a wide range of network conditions and topologies. While the scope of the present paper is confined to infrastructure networks with static topology, the utility of the proposed algorithm in situations where the network topology is time-varying is briefly discussed.
Role of endothelium/nitric oxide in vascular response to flavonoids and epicatechin. (2000)

Baicalein and baicalin enhanced the phenylephrine-induced contraction most likely through inhibiting production or/and release of endothelial nitric oxide. Whilst, cardamonin-, alpinetin- or (-)epicatechin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation is primarily mediated through endothelial nitric oxide.
Time-dependent plumes and jets with decreasing source strengths (2006)

The classical bulk model for isolated jets and plumes due to Morton, Taylor & Turner ( Proc. R. Soc. Lond . A, vol. 234, 1956, p. 1) is generalized to allow for time-dependence in the various fluxes driving the flow. This new system models the spatio-temporal evolution of jets in a homogeneous ambient fluid and Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq plumes in stratified and unstratified ambient fluids. Separable time-dependent similarity solutions for plumes and jets are found in an unstratified ambient fluid, and proved to be linearly stable to perturbations propagating at the velocity of the ascending plume fluid. These similarity solutions are characterized by having time-independent plume or jet radii, with appreciably smaller spreading angles ( $\tan^{-1}(2\alpha/3)$ ) than either constant-source-buoyancy-flux pure plumes (with spreading angle $\tan^{-1}(6\alpha/5)$ ) or constant-source-momentum-flux pure jets (with spreading angle $\tan^{-1}(2\alpha)$ ), where $\alpha$ is the conventional entrainment coefficient. These new similarity solutions are closely related to the similarity solutions identified by Batchelor ( Q. J. R. Met. Soc ., vol. 80, 1954, p. 339) in a statically unstable ambient, in particular those associated with a linear increase in ambient density with height. If the source buoyancy flux (for a rising plume) or source momentum flux (for a rising jet) is decreased generically from an initial to a final value, numerical solutions of the governing equations exhibit three qualitatively different regions of behaviour. The upper region, furthest from the source, remains largely unaffected by the change in buoyancy flux or momentum flux at the source. The lower region, closest to the source, is an effectively steady plume or jet based on the final (lower) buoyancy flux or momentum flux. The transitional region, in which the plume or jet adjusts between the states in the lower and upper regions, appears to converge very closely to the newly identified stable similarity solutions. Significantly, the predicted narrowing of the plume or jet is observed. The size of the narrowing region can be determined from the source conditions of the plume or jet. Minimum narrowing widths are considered with a view to predicting pinch-off into rising thermals or puffs.
Roles of cellular polyamines in mucosal healing in the gastrointestinal tract. (2013)

The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its integrity is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. Polyamines are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth and healing after injury under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this review, we highlight the importance of cellular polyamines in the control GI mucosal proliferation, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis and GI barrier function during mucosal repair after injury.
An Investigation of Grinding and Wheel Loading Using Acoustic Emission (1984)

This paper investigates the potential for using acoustic emission signal analysis for a monitoring technique for process automation as well as a sensitive tool for investigation of grinding fundamentals. The acoustic emission generated during the grinding process is analyzed to determine its sensitivity to process efficiency and the condition of the grinding wheel. Acoustic emission from surface grinding is used to measure wear-related loading of the grinding wheel and sparkout (or loss of contact) between the wheel and the work surface. A discussion of energy dissipation in grinding and the generation of acoustic emission is included. This investigation showed that the acoustic emission energy, (RMS)2, increases with the combined effects of wheel wear and loading, the signal energy, (RMS)2, is a function of the undeformed chip thickness and that the signal accurately detects work-wheel contact and sparkout with a higher sensitivity than force measurements.
Topological and stereochemical restrictions in β-sandwich protein structures (1993)

Chain topology in beta-structured protein domains and handedness associated with it are discussed. Previously, other workers have shown that by considering just two restrictions--structures that are left-handed and/or have loops that cross can be disregarded--the number of topologies associated with such structures is expected to be severely limited. By way of example, we determine the number of topologies compatible with a six-stranded antiparallel beta-sandwich. Without restriction on the type of strand-strand connection allowed but with elimination of symmetry related structures 360 topologies are possible. If connections between parallel strands are disqualified the number is reduced, 10-fold, to 36. The figure is cut to 24 when structures with loop crossings are eliminated. Handedness in these structures is examined in detail and from this a rationale for the observed predominance of right-handed forms of beta-structures is presented. The 24 structures can be considered as a set of right- and left-handed pairs of 12 topologies. All but two of these pairs can be assigned hands on the basis of existing rules. Six of the structures are found to occur in the Brookhaven Protein Databank and all are right-handed. This study provides a basis for protein design projects which might, for example, attempt the synthesis of unobserved protein topologies. Of the 24 structures in the final set eight are examples of the classic Greek key fold. Thus, the predominance of this motif among all-beta proteins can be attributed in part to these topological constraints. The possible physicochemical origins of the structural selection rules and additional factors which might contribute to the particular favourability of certain structures are also explored.
Utilization of hepatocyte-specific antibody in the immunocytochemical evaluation of liver tumors. (1997)

A monoclonal antibody highly specific for benign and malignant hepatocytes (HepPar 1) was evaluated as part of an antibody panel used to differentiate hepatocellular from nonhepatocellular neoplasms. Sixty-five liver tumors and two extrahepatic tumors from patients with documented liver tumors were studied. Twenty-two neoplasms were of hepatocellular origin, three were combined hepatocellular/cholangiocarcinomas, and the remainder were of nonhepatocellular origin. HepPar 1 alone had an 82% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the detection of hepatocellular neoplasms. The corresponding values for alpha-fetoprotein were 57% and 97%. Polyclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (canalicular pattern) had a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 97% for these tumors. The use of antibody panels provided superior results when compared with individual antibodies. In summary, HepPar 1 monoclonal antibody is a useful reagent for the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular tumors. Its utility is enhanced when it is used as part of a diagnostic antibody panel.
<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Surface Antigens Expressed under the Granuloma-Like Conditions as Potential Inducers of the Protective Immunity (2019)

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a highly transmissible infection and remains of great concern as a zoonosis. The worldwide incidence of bTB is in rise, creating potential reservoir and increased infection risk for humans and animals. In attempts to identify novel surface antigens of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> as a proof-of-concept for potential inducers of protective immunity, we investigated surface proteome of <i>M. bovis</i> BCG strain that was cultured under the granuloma-like condition. We also demonstrated that the pathogen exposed to the biologically relevant environment has greater binding and invasion abilities to host cells than those of bacteria incubated under regular laboratory conditions. A total of 957 surface-exposed proteins were identified for BCG cultured under laboratory condition, whereas 1,097 proteins were expressed under the granuloma-like condition. The overexpression of Mb1524, Mb01_03198, Mb1595_p3681 (PhoU1 same as phoY1_1), and Mb1595_p0530 (HbhA) surface proteins in <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> leads to increased binding and invasion to mucosal cells. We also examined the immunogenicity of purified recombinant proteins and tested <i>M. smegmatis</i> overexpressing these surface antigens for the induction of protective immunity in mice. Significantly high levels of specific IgA and IgG antibodies were observed in recombinant protein immunized groups by both inhalation and intraperitoneal (IP) routes, but only IP delivery induced high total IgA and IgG levels. We did not detect major differences in antibody levels in the <i>M. smegmatis</i> group that overexpressed surface antigens. In addition, the bacterial load was significantly reduced in the lungs of mice immunized with the combination of inhaled recombinant proteins. Our findings suggest that the activation of the mucosal immunity can lead to increased ability to confer protection upon <i>M. bovis</i> BCG infection.
LATTICE VIBRATIONS AND PHONONS (2005)

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Hypomethylation of DNA in Human Cancer Cells: A Site-SpecificChange in the <italic>c-myc</italic> Oncogene<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1984)

Site-specific methylation of the human c-myc oncogene was investigated in a set of cultured human tumor cell lines and normal human fibroblast strains. As previously reported, all of the tumor cell lines in contrast to normal cells were hypomethylated to various degrees in their total genomic DNA. The presence of methylation in specific regions of the c-myc gene was analyzed by use of the restriction endonuclease isoschizomers MspI and HpaII, which recognize the sequence 5'-CCGG-3' (CCGG = DNA sequence of 2 cytosine bases followed by 2 guanine bases) but differ in their abilities to cleave at the internal cytosine residue when it is methylated. The first exon, first intervening sequence, and the second exon were hypomethylated in all cell types, regardless of whether the cells were normal or oncogenically transformed and regardless of the degree of total genomic methylation of the cell. However, the solitary CCGG site in the third exon was fully methylated in normal cell strains. In contrast, in 3 of 5 tumor cell lines measured, this site was hypomethylated. This is the first demonstration of a site-specific DNA methylation defect in a cellular oncogene. Some possible implications relating disruption of DNA methylation to oncogene control and oncogenesis are discussed.
Evaluation of Air Filters with Submicron Viral Aerosols and Bacterial Aerosols (1969)

Abstract Velocity, aerosol particle size, aerosol charge, and exposure to high humidity were found to affect the performance of air filters. Filter papers and the DOP scan-tested filter units (HEPA filters) fabricated from these papers were evaluated with submicron T1 bacteriophage aerosols having a number median diameter (NMD) of 0.12 micron and with Bacillus subtilis var niger spore aerosols with a NMD of 1 micron. Penetration of submicron phage aerosols through filter papers increased markedly with an increase in velocity. Neutralizing phage aerosol with bipolar air ions resulted in 2- to 5-fold increases in penetration. Penetration of bacterial spore aerosols through the filter papers was essentially zero. Phage aerosol penetration through HEPA filters averaged 0.00095%. Spore aerosol penetration was 0.00005%. Exposure to high humidity (>95%) resulted in roughly a 3-fold increase in HEPA penetration. HEPA filters can be expected to provide excellent protection against submicron viral aerosols as well as against bacterial areosols, but the installations must be commensurate with the high performance of this type of filter for full efficiency.
Prognostic factors and therapeutic options for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. (2004)

All relapsed elderly patients and young adults with CR1 lasting for less than 12 months are ideal candidates for experimental therapies. Efficiently conducted phase II randomized trials are needed in order to achieve relevant information to be translated into phase III trials.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is involved in the regulation of hypoxia-stimulated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and MCP-5 (Ccl12) in astrocytes (2007)

These findings suggest that both MCP-1 and MCP-5 are HIF-1 target genes and that HIF-1alpha is involved in transcriptional induction of these two chemokines in astrocytes by hypoxia.
Architecture of Automatic Warning System on Urgent Traffic situation for Headphone Users (2012)

As audio players become smaller in size and more portable, users can play and listen to music anywhere. More people are using headphones outdoors, and this leads to a higher frequency of traffic accidents. In this paper, the study proposes an architecture of automatic warning system on urgent traffic situation for headphone users. This study proposes a method of warning pedestrians wearing headphones so that they can quickly respond to external sounds and detect an approaching accident. The system was evaluated to be effective in processing living noises and car horn sounds through the simulation of an urgent traffic situation.
Optoelectronics of Solar Cells (2002)

A discussion of how solar cell devices function, and of the parameters that control their operation. The text is designed as an overview for those in the fields of optics and optical engineering, as well as those interested in energy policy, economics and photo-to-electric energy conversion.
Noroviruses as a Cause of Traveler's Diarrhea among Students from the United States Visiting Mexico (2005)

Stool specimens from 124 international travelers with acute diarrhea were tested for the presence of enteropathogens. Noroviruses (NoVs) were the second most commonly identified enteric pathogen in diarrheal stool samples (21/124, 17%), exceeded only by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (50/106, 47%). This study indicates that NoV is an underappreciated cause of traveler's diarrhea.
Fiber-coupled erbium microlasers on a chip (2003)

An erbium-doped, toroid-shaped microlaser fabricated on a silicon chip is described and characterized. Erbium-doped sol-gel films are applied to the surface of a silica toroidal microresonator to create the microcavity lasers. Highly confined whispering gallery modes make possible single-mode and ultralow threshold microlasers.
Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Improves Revascularization in Chronic Ischemia (2012)

Long-term dietary nitrate supplementation may represent a novel nutrition-based strategy to enhance ischemia-induced revascularization.
RSVM: a region-based software virtual memory for GPU (2013)

While Graphics Processing Units (GPU) have gained much success in general purpose computing in recent years, their programming is still difficult, due to, particularly, explicitly managed GPU memory and manual CPU-GPU data transfer. Despite recent calls for managing GPU resources as first-class citizens in the operating system, a mature GPU memory management mechanism is still missing, which leads to reinventing the wheels in various GPU system software. Meanwhile, due to ever enlarging problem sizes, we urgently need a system-level mechanism for unified CPU-GPU memory management. In this work, we present the design of Region-based Software Virtual Memory (RSVM), a software virtual memory running on both CPU and GPU in a distributed and cooperative way. In addition to automatic GPU memory management and GPU-CPU data transfer, RSVM offers two novel features: 1) GPU kernel-issued on-demand data fetching from the host into the GPU memory, and 2) intra-kernel transparent GPU memory swapping into the main memory. Our study reveals important insights on the challenges and opportunities of building unified virtual memory systems for heterogeneous computing. Experimental results on real GPU benchmarks demonstrate that, though it incurs a small overhead, RSVM can transparently scale GPU kernels to large problem sizes exceeding the device memory size limit; developers write the same code for different problem sizes, but still can optimize on data layout definition accordingly. Our evaluation also identifies missing GPU architecture features for better system software efficiency.
Improvement of Geometric Accuracy in Incremental Forming by Using a Squeezing Toolpath Strategy With Two Forming Tools (2011)

Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is plagued by an unavoidable and unintended bending in the region of the sheet between the current tool position and the fixture. The effect is a deformation of the region of the sheet in between the formed area and the fixture as well as deformation of the already formed portion of the wall, leading to significant geometric inaccuracy in SPIF. Double sided incremental forming (DSIF) uses two tools, one on each side of the sheet to form the sheet into the desired shape. This work explores the capabilities of DSIF in terms of improving the geometric accuracy as compared to SPIF by using a novel toolpath strategy in which the sheet is locally squeezed between the two tools. Experiments and simulations are performed to show that this strategy can improve the geometric accuracy of the component significantly by causing the deformation to be stabilized into a local region around the contact point of the forming tool. At the same time an examination of the forming forces indicates that after a certain amount of deformation by using this strategy a loss of contact occurs between the bottom tool and the sheet. The effects of this loss of contact of the bottom tool on the geometric accuracy and potential strategies, in order to avoid this loss of contact, are also discussed.