gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The nitric oxide‐cyclic GMP pathway and synaptic plasticity in the rat superior cervical ganglion (1996)

1. We have investigated the possibility that nitric oxide (NO) and soluble guanylyl cyclase, an enzyme that synthesizes guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in response to NO, contributes to plasticity of synaptic transmission in the rat isolated superior cervical ganglion (SCG). 2. Exposure of ganglia to the NO donor, nitroprusside, caused a concentration-dependent accumulation of cyclic GMP which was augmented in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. The compound, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a selective inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, completely blocked this cyclic GMP response. 3. As assessed by extracellular recording, nitroprusside (100 microM) and another NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (30 microM) increased the efficacy of ganglionic synaptic transmission in response to electrical stimulation of the preganglionic nerve, an effect that was reversible and which could be replicated by the cyclic GMP analogue, 8-bromo-cyclic GMP. Ganglionic depolarizations resulting from stimulation of nicotinic receptors with carbachol were not increased by nitroprusside. The potentiating actions of the NO donors on synaptic transmission, but not that of 8-bromo-cyclic GMP, were inhibited by ODQ. 4. Brief tetanic stimulation of the preganglionic nerve resulted in a long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission that was unaffected by ODQ, either in the absence or presence of the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 100 microM). A lack of influence of L-NOARG was confirmed in intracellular recordings of LTP of the excitatory postsynaptic potential. Furthermore, under conditions where tetanically-induced LTP was saturated, nitroprusside was still able to potentiate synaptic transmission, as judged from extracellular recording. 5. We conclude that NO is capable of potentiating ganglionic neurotransmission and this effect is mediated through the stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase and the accumulation of cyclic GMP. However, this potentiation is distinct from LTP of nicotinic synaptic transmission, in which neither NO nor soluble guanylyl cyclase appear to participate.
Alkylated Naphthalenes as High-Performance Synthetic Lubricating Fluids (2007)

Abstract Alkylated naphthalene is a unique class of synthetic fluids with outstanding thermo-oxidative and hydrolytic stability, low volatility, and good solubility characteristics. This paper discusses the flexibility of this technology to achieve a balance of physical and chemical properties. In particular, fluid properties including thermo-oxidative stability, viscosity, aniline point, and volatility are related to chemical variations. Also, new elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thickness and pressure-viscosity coefficient data show the good performance of this family of fluids as compared to synthetic esters. Presented at the STLE/ASME International Joint Tribology Conference in San Antonio, Texas October 23-25, 2006 Review led by Lois Gschwender KEY WORDS: Synthetic LubricantsAlkylated NaphthalenesElastohydrodynamic LubricationPhysical PropertiesLubricant StabilityOxidationRadiationAdditive Solubility ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank Ed Snyder and Lois Gschwender of the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for the vacuum TGA tests. Notes Presented at the STLE/ASME International Joint Tribology Conference in San Antonio, Texas October 23-25, 2006 Review led by Lois Gschwender *Test run at 150°C. *Test run at 200°C. *PAO of viscosity 114 (cSt) @40°C (blend of 65% PAO 40/35% PAO 4).
Exocytic Trafficking Is Required for Nicotine-induced Up-regulation of α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2005)

The primary target for nicotine in the brain is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). It has been well documented that nAChRs respond to chronic nicotine exposure by up-regulation of receptor numbers, which may underlie some aspects of nicotine addiction. In order to investigate the mechanism of nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation, we have developed a cell culture system to assess membrane trafficking and nicotine-induced up-regulation of surface-expressed alpha(4)beta(2) nAChRs. Previous reports have implicated stabilization of the nAChRs at the plasma membrane as the potential mechanism of up-regulation. We have found that whereas nicotine exposure results in up-regulation of surface receptors in our system, it does not alter surface receptor internalization from the plasma membrane, postendocytic trafficking, or lysosomal degradation. Instead, we find that transport of nAChRs through the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane is required for nicotine-induced up-regulation of surface receptors. Therefore, nicotine appears to regulate surface receptor levels at a step prior to initial insertion in the plasma membrane rather than by altering their endocytic trafficking or degradation rates as had been previously suggested.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of a single residue changes the binding properties of the serotonin 5‐HT<sub>2</sub> receptor from a human to a rat pharmacology (1992)

Mesulergine displays approximately 50-fold higher affinity for the rat 5-HT2 receptor than for the human receptor. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of cDNA clones encoding the human and rat 5-HT2 receptors reveals only 3 amino acid differences in their transmembrane domains. Only one of these differences (Ser----Ala at position 242 of TM5) is near to regions implicated in ligand binding by G protein-coupled receptors. We investigated the effect of mutating Ser242 of the human 5-HT2 receptor to an Ala residue as is found in the rat clone. Both [3H]mesulergine binding and mesulergine competition of [3H]ketanserin binding showed high affinity for rat membranes and the mutant human clone but low affinity for the native human clone, in agreement with previous studies of human postmortem tissue. These studies suggest that a single naturally occurring amino acid change between the human and the rat 5-HT2 receptors makes a major contribution to their pharmacological differences.
The Variational Fair Autoencoder (2015)

We investigate the problem of learning representations that are invariant to certain nuisance or sensitive factors of variation in the data while retaining as much of the remaining information as possible. Our model is based on a variational autoencoding architecture with priors that encourage independence between sensitive and latent factors of variation. Any subsequent processing, such as classification, can then be performed on this purged latent representation. To remove any remaining dependencies we incorporate an additional penalty term based on the "Maximum Mean Discrepancy" (MMD) measure. We discuss how these architectures can be efficiently trained on data and show in experiments that this method is more effective than previous work in removing unwanted sources of variation while maintaining informative latent representations.
Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa With Etanercept Injection (2010)

Etanercept, 50 mg, SC administered twice weekly did not have significant efficacy in the improvement of HS. In light of our negative results, as well as those of previous studies, we suggest that future studies focus on other agents for the treatment of HS. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00949546.
Advanced microcharacterization of nickel-base superalloys (2000)

The purpose of this project was to characterize the microstructural and microchemical effects of a process revision on HAYNES{reg{underscore}sign} 242{trademark}, a polycrystalline Ni-base superalloy used principally for high temperature applications, such as seal and containment rings in gas turbine engines. The process revision from the current one-step heat treating cycle to a two-step heat treatment would result in savings of energy and ultimately cost to the consumer. However, the proposed process revision could give rise to unforeseen microstructural modifications, such as a change in the size distribution of the ordered particles responsible for alloy strength or the formation of additional phases, which could affect alloy properties and hence performance. Advanced microcharacterization methods that allow images of the microstructure to be acquired at length scales from one micrometer down to the atomic level were used to reveal the effect of the process revision on alloy microstructure. Energy filtered imaging was used to characterize the size distribution and morphology of ordered precipitates and other phases, as well as the partitioning behavior of major elements (Ni, Mo, Cr) among these phases. The compositions of individual ordered particles, including fine-scale compositional variations at precipitate-matrix interfaces, and solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries were characterized at the atomic level by atom probe tomography. The atomic site distributions of selected elements in the ordered precipitates were characterized by atom-location by channeling-enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI). The results of these advanced microcharacterization methods were correlated with mechanical testing of similar alloys to address structure-property relationships.
Efficient Multi-view Video Coding using Multi-view Depth Map (2009)

We present an efficient coding method for multiview video plus a multiview depth map. This representation has been discussed as a potential standard for advanced visual media such as free-viewpoint TV and 3D video. The method is used to predict three kinds of information, disparity vectors, coding modes, and image signals, by utilizing pixel correspondences among views that can be calculated from coded multiview depth maps. Experiments show that using the proposed method reduces the bitrate by up to 22.5% relative to simulcast multiview video coding of multiview video and depth maps. The results also show the coding are not significantly affected by encoding noises on depth maps. Furthermore, the bitrate is reduced by up to 11.8% for multiview video coding where the bitrate for the depth maps is treated as only an overhead.
Revised force control using a compliant sensor with a position controlled robot (2012)

A different way of force control is presented, that is especially advantageous for position controlled robots. Instead of usual force control laws we rely on the well tuned position control loop and just use the force sensor to measure the target pose or to predict the desired trajectory. In combination with a compliant sensor we introduce an inherently stable framework of force control which almost inhibits all control errors. After an unexpected impact the force error is reduced independently from the sensor's bandwidth or delays in signal processing. Thus the (inevitable) impact force is more significant than the measured force control errors. The special case of a sensor that is mounted far away from a vertex-face contact is discussed, too.
ESTIMATING MARKOVIAN TRANSITION PROBABILITIES FOR BRIDGE DETERIORATION FORECASTING (2006)

In this paper, a methodology to estimate the Markovian transition probability model is presented to forecast the deterioration process of bridge components. The deterioration states of the bridge components are categorized into several ranks, and their deterioration processes are characterized by hazard models. The Markovian transition probabilities between the deterioration states which are defined for the fixed intervals between the inspection points in time, are described by the exponential hazard models. The applicability of the estimation methodology presented in this paper is investigated by the empirical data set of steel bridges in New York city.
The big picture. Sizing up your future? Ask community members what they want and need. Ignore them at your peril. (1997)

A health care provider can only do so much to improve the health ot its community. With limited resources, the one thing you don't want to do is spin your wheels doing the wrong things. By conducting an expanded health assessment of your service population, you'll have the information you need to focus on the right problems with the right partners.
Algorithms for mobile robot localization and mapping, incorporating detailed noise modeling and multi-scale feature extraction (2006)

Mobile robot localization and mapping in unknown environments is a fundamental requirement for effective autonomous navigation. Three different approaches to localization and mapping are presented. Each is based on data collected from a robot using a dense range scanner to generate a planar representation of the surrounding environment. This externally sensed range data is then overlayed and correlated to estimate the robot's position and build a map. The three approaches differ in the choice of representation of the range data, but all achieve improvements over prior work using detailed sensor modeling and rigorous bookkeeping of the modeled uncertainty in the estimation processes. In the first approach, the raw range data points collected from two different positions are individually weighted and aligned to estimate the relative robot displacement. In the second approach, line segment features are extracted from the raw point data and are used as the basis for efficient and robust global map construction and localization. In the third approach, a new multi-scale data representation is introduced. New methods of localization and mapping are developed, taking advantage of this multi-scale representation to achieve significant improvements in computational complexity. A central focus of all three approaches is the determination of accurate and robust solutions to the data association problem, which is critical to the accuracy of any sensor-based localization and mapping method. Experiments using data collected from a Sick LMS-200 laser scanner illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms and improvements over prior work. All methods are capable of being run in real time on a mobile robot, and can be used to support fully autonomous navigation applications.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF VASCULAR HYPERTROPHY IN THE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT (1995)

1. In primary hypertension, an abnormally high vascular resistance can be explained in terms of alterations in vessel wall structure. Arterial cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia have been implicated as playing a central role in the vascular abnormalities noted in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Cultured arterial cells appear therefore as attractive models for studying in vitro the mechanisms whereby cells originating from hypertensives exhibit hyperproliferation and/or hyperresponsiveness. 2. This review summarized our present knowledge on growth and related biochemical events of cultured SHR-derived vascular smooth muscle cells or aortic adventitial fibroblasts, in response to various polypeptide growth factors and vasoactive agents. 3. Exaggerated growth response to various mitogens in cultured SHR-derived vascular cells has been well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms of abnormal growth in SHR remain unknown. This abnormality seems not to be a consequence of the alterations at the levels of receptors or of some key mitogenic events of early signalling pathways such as phospholipase C, protein kinase C and G-proteins. Further studies should therefore focus on the more distal events related to cell growth.
Hypoxia Regulates Expression of the Endothelin-1 Gene through a Proximal Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Binding Site on the Antisense Strand (1998)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide hormone with potent vasoconstrictor properties that is synthesized and secreted predominantly by vascular endothelial cells. Its production is regulated by numerous stimuli including ischemia and hypoxia, and the enhanced levels that occur during myocardial ischemia may contribute to the progression of heart failure. We previously reported that ET-1 expression was induced by both hypoxia and transition metals in endothelial cells (ECs). Here we define an element in the proximal promoter of the ET-1 gene that is responsible for this induction. By using deletions and site directed mutagenesis of the human ET-1 promoter, in combination with electrophoretic gel mobility shifts and transient expression assays in human ECs, we identified an active hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) binding site starting at position -118 upstream of the transcription start site on the non-coding DNA strand. Mutation of this site eliminated induction by hypoxia without affecting basal (aerobic) expression, and the mutated sequence did not display hypoxia-specific binding of HIF-1.
In Vitro Receptor Binding and In Vivo Receptor Occupancy in Rat and Guinea Pig Brain: Risperidone Compared with Antipsychotics Hitherto Used (1995)

Risperidone was compared with antipsychotics hitherto used for in vitro receptor binding using animal brain or cloned (human) receptors and in vivo receptor occupancy in rat and guinea pig brain following acute treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo, risperidone, 9-OH-risperidone, SM-9018, clozapine and clocapramine showed higher affinity for 5-HT2A- than for D2-receptors, whereas mosapramine, haloperidol, bromperidol and nemonapride had a slight to strong preference for D2- compared to 5-HT2A-receptors. In vivo, risperidone showed the highest potency for 5-HT2A-receptor occupancy; To obtain the same extent of D2-receptor occupancy, a 19-times higher dosage was required. 9-OH-Risperidone, the principal active metabolite of risperidone, showed a receptor occupancy profile comparable to that of risperidone. No regional selectivity for D2-receptor occupancy in mesolimbic vs nigrostriatal areas was detected for any of the compounds. Risperidone differed from the other compounds by the remarkably shallow slope of its D2-receptor dose-occupancy curve. A greater predominance of 5-HT2A-receptor vs D2-receptor occupancy and a more gradual occupancy of D2-receptors differentiate risperidone from the other compounds. Both properties probably assist in preventing an extensive blockade of D2-receptors, the cause for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). The predominant 5-HT2A-receptor occupancy most likely underlies risperidone's beneficial effects on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and an adequately low D2-receptor occupancy adds to the treatment of positive symptoms with a low liability of EPS.
Time Delay Estimation (2006)

We investigate the possibility of exploiting the properties of a detected Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) signal wave form to estimate time delay, and by geometry, angle of arrival. We consider the case where a highly correlated signal is received at two stationary passive receivers. The signal source is assumed stationary, and the signal waveform designed sot hat the ambiguity function has a sharp peak. We also restrict ourselves to low signal-to-noise rations, namely 10 dB and less. We also examine the minimum time-delay estimate error the Cramer-Rao bound. The results indicate that the method works well for highly correlated pulsed signals, and may prove useful for other types of signals, such as CW signals and pseudo-random noise.
Investigation of Vapor-Phase Lubrication in a Gas Turbine Engine (1998)

The liquid oil lubrication system of current aircraft jet engines accounts for approximately 10–15 percent of the total weight of the engine. It has long been a goal of the aircraft gas turbine industry to reduce this weight. Vapor-Phase Lubrication (VPL) is a promising technology to eliminate liquid oil lubrication. The current investigation resulted in the first gas turbine to operate in the absence of conventional liquid lubrication. A phosphate ester, commercially known as DURAD 620B, was chosen for the test. Extensive research at Wright Laboratory demonstrated that this lubricant could reliably lubricate rolling element bearings in the gas turbine engine environment. The Allison T63 engine was selected as the test vehicle because of its small size and bearing configuration. Specifically, VPL was evaluated in the number eight bearing because it is located in a relatively hot environment, in line with the combustor discharge, and it can be isolated from the other bearings and the liquid lubrication system. The bearing was fully instrumented and its performance with standard oil lubrication was documented. Results of this baseline study were used to develop a thermodynamic model to predict the bearing temperature with VPL. The engine was then operated at a ground idle condition with VPL with the lubricant misted into the #8 bearing at 13 ml/h. The bearing temperature stabilized at 283°C within 10 minutes. Engine operation was continued successfully for a total of one hour. No abnormal wear of the rolling contact surfaces was found when the bearing was later examined. Bearing temperatures after engine shutdown indicated the bearing had reached thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings during the test. After shutdown bearing temperatures steadily decreased without the soakback effect seen after shutdown in standard lubricated bearings. In contrast, the oil-lubricated bearing ran at a considerably lower operating temperature (83°C) and was significantly heated by its surroundings after engine shutdown. In the baseline tests, the final bearing temperatures never reached that of the operating VPL system.
Ingestible Gastrointestinal Sampling Devices: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions (2014)

Despite the significant contribution of gastrointestinal diseases to the global disease burden and the increasing recognition of the role played by the intestinal microbiota in human health and disease states, conventional methods of exploring and collecting samples from the gastrointestinal tract remain invasive, resource intensive, and often unable to capture all the information contained in these heterogeneous samples. A new class of gastrointestinal sampling capsules is emerging in the literature, which contains the components required for an autonomous intra-luminal device and preserves the spatial and temporal information of the gastrointestinal samples. In this paper, we identify the primary design requirements for gastrointestinal sampling capsules, and we review the state-of-the-art for different components and functionalities. We also suggest two design concepts, and we highlight future directions for this class of biomedical devices.
Using A Pitch Detector For Onset Detection. (2005)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
A new class of oxidic ferromagnetic materials with hexagonal crystal structures (1957)

Several new groups of ferromagnetic oxides have been found. They have rather complicated chemical compositions and can be obtained as reaction products of Fe2O3, BaO and MeO in various proportions, where Me denotes, in general, an element of the first transition group, or either Mg or Zn. The crystal structures of these new compounds can be described in the hexagonal system and are related to the magnetoplumbite structure. The crystal anisotropy of many of these hexagonal compounds is such that, depending on the chemical composition, the spontaneous magnetization in each crystal is oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the hexagonal axis. In the latter case the magnetization can fairly easily be rotated in the basal plane. Polycrystalline sintered samples of such compounds show an initial permeability of about 10; the permeability remains substantially constant up to about 1000thinsp;Mc/s, so that these new materials extend the frequency range where ferromagnetic oxides can be advantageously used as core materials to frequencies much higher than is now possible with ferrites having cubic crystal structures. An earlier paper on these materials has been given elsewhere.1
Syntheses of Bifunctional Pyridine Derivatives and their Addition-or Condensation-polymerizations (1958)

アルデヒドコリジンを原料とし, 2, 5位に同種および異種の官能基をもつピリジン誘導体を合成し, これらと脂肪族 (若干の芳香族も含む) ジオール, ジカルボン酸, ジアミン, ジイソシアナートと重付加縮合反応を試みた。その結果, 同種の官能基をもつピリジン誘導体からは, 1つの結合種をもつポリマーを, また異種の官能基をもつピリジン誘導体からは2つ以上の結合種をもつポリマーを得た。生成したポリマーについて可紡性の有無を検討した。