gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Sphere-Type Monodispersed Oligosaccharide−Polypeptide Dendrimers (2003)

A sphere-type fully substituted oligosaccharide−β-alanine−poly(lysine) dendrimer having a sharp molecular weight distribution was synthesized. Sphere-type poly(lysine) dendrimers were prepared using 1,4-diaminobutane as an initiator core and N,N'-bis(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-l-lysine as a branching unit. β-Alanine was bound to the poly(lysine) dendrimer generation 3 to form β-alanine−poly(lysine) dendrimer generation 3, which has 16 terminal amino groups on its surface. A series of sphere-type oligosaccharide−β-alanine−poly(lysine) dendrimers were obtained by binding such an oligosaccharide as maltose, lactose, cellobiose, maltotriose, or a mixture of lactose and maltose to the surface of the β-alanine−poly(lysine) dendrimer scaffolding by reductive amination using the borane−pyridine complex. Oligosaccharide−β-alanine−poly(lysine) dendrimers having 32 oligosaccharide residues were obtained in high yields. NMR and MALDI−TOF mass measurements revealed that the oligosaccharide−polypeptide dendrimers have a monodispersed molecular weight distribution, the molecular weight of which was 13 418.36, 13 472.50, and 13 507.28 g/mol for cellobiose, maltose, and lactose, respectively, indicating that a complete substitution of the amino group by the oligosaccharide occurred.
Fully integrated PVT detection and impedance self-calibration system design (2016)

The paper presents a fully integrated PVT variation detection and on-die resistance calibration system for high-speed applications. The proposed system separately measures and compensates the MOS device resistance deviation due to process, voltage and temperature variation. Temperature detection is performed in a range of -40°C to 125°C independently from supply voltage variations. Logic block of mixed-signal system automatically starts MOS resistance calibration process when PVT variation is detected. The design is implemented in 28nm CMOS process. The presented compensation method can be used in the I/O circuits of such standards as DDR (Double Data Rate), USB (Universal Serial Bus), PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect), etc.
Smart Experience in Fashion Design: A Speculative Analysis of Smart Material Systems Applications (2018)

During the last decade, smart materials and systems have increasingly impacted several niches, including ‘one-off/limited edition experimental fashion’. As the traditional boundaries between what is art and what was not supposed to be art are now turning into osmotic membranes, we will speculatively focus on how ‘smart material systems’ are highly contributing to outline a new creative landscape full of interesting and compelling issues. Introducing three different sub-niches of experimental fashion—multi-sensory dresses, empathic dresses, and bio-smart dresses—this article outlines the emergence of a new smart design scenario. Then, we critically discuss some of the implications of the developing research in terms of design thinking and design aesthetics. This paper aims to contribute to the topic of next design scenario, demonstrating how design research is increasingly affecting the extension of human perception, emotions, and the concept of ‘almost-living’ entities, projecting towards the redefinition of relationships with materials and objects.
THE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR DISCOLORATION IN FRESH MEAT: A REVIEW (1990)

ABSTRACT The color of fresh meat is an extremely important characteristic influencing the consumer's purchase decision. The stability of pigments in meat is highly variable and is governed by a variety of factors. The effects of exogenous factors (i.e., storage and display conditions) have been well researched. The control of these variables currently offers the best means for maximizing meat color stability. Biochemical factors which are inherent to the meat itself have received far less research attention and an understanding of these presents the greatest potential for prolonging color stability in fresh meat.
The Synthesis of Di-μ-thio-dithio-bis (dialkyldithiocarbamates) Dimolybdenum (V) and Their Effects on Boundary Lubrication (1971)

Sulfurized molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamates prepared from molybdenum trioxide, carbon disulfide, and dialkylamine were separated by chromatography into three components. A new compound, the analytical result of which showed (R2NCSS)2Mo2S4 (where R=ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl), was obtained by phosphorus pentasulfide treatment of a xylene solution of sulfurized molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate. The mechanism of the pyrolysis of these molybdenum complexes was investigated. EP properties of the complexes blended in Li-12 hydroxystearate grease were tested using a Timken and Shell 4-Ball Machine.Thermogravimetric analysis in a stream of nitrogen indicated that the complexes decomposed in two distinct stages. The first stage decomposition occured at a relatively low temperature because of dealkylation, and the second decomposition occured at a higher temperature. It was confirmed that molybdenum disulfide crystals were formed by the pyrolysis of the complexes in vacuo or in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The complexes blended in the grease showed excellent EP performance and antiwear properties in laboratory bench tests.
Exciton Dynamics in soluble Poly(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">p</mml:mi></mml:math>-phenylene-vinylene): Towards an Ultrafast Excitonic Switch (1997)

We have applied a variety of ps transient and cw optical techniques to elucidate the dynamics, absorption, and emission properties of excitons in soluble derivatives of poly( $p$-phenylene vinylene) neat films and dilute solutions. We found that the photogenerated singlet excitons in both films and solutions are characterized by strong stimulated emission and two photoinduced absorption bands. We demonstrate that these bands can be used to form an ultrafast optical switch in the near IR spectral range with variable switching times.
Server interface descriptions for automated testing of JavaScript web applications (2013)

Automated testing of JavaScript web applications is complicated by the communication with servers. Specifically, it is difficult to test the JavaScript code in isolation from the server code and database contents. We present a practical solution to this problem. First, we demonstrate that formal server interface descriptions are useful in automated testing of JavaScript web applications for separating the concerns of the client and the server. Second, to support the construction of server interface descriptions for existing applications, we introduce an effective inference technique that learns communication patterns from sample data.
Kinetics of PTH Metabolism and PTH Fragments in Chronic Renal Failure (2015)

Distribution and metabolic degradation of bPTH was studied in man after infusion of 400 U bPTH and blood sampling up to 2h. Disappearance rates of intact 1-84 bPTH, carboxyl- and amino-regional peptides were calculated for healthy subjects (n = 12); patients suffering from moderate (GFR 15--30 ml/min, n = 4) and advanced (GFR less than or equal to 10 ml/min, n = 36) chronic renal failure; and bilateral nephrectomized patients (n = 3). Two components with a rapid and a slow disappearance rate can be separated ("distribution", "metabolism"). Half-lives are found to be in the range known from animal experiments with marked differences between intact 1-84 PTH and peptide fragments. Influence of impaired renal function on metabolic turnover rates of PTH is given.
Self-Location of Acceptors as “Isolated” or “Stacked” Energy Traps in a Supramolecular Donor Self-Assembly:  A Strategy to Wavelength Tunable FRET Emission (2006)

Control over supramolecular assemblies of donor and acceptor arrays in nanoscale dimension that facilitate efficient energy transfer resulting in tunable emission is an outstanding challenge. In pursuit of this goal, we have designed a supramolecular donor-acceptor organogel with tunable emission from green to red through controlled energy transfer by simply varying the acceptor concentration. Temperature-dependent UV/vis absorption, XRD, and AFM studies of the coassembly of 1 (donor) and 2 (acceptor) revealed the intercalation of 2 within the self-assembly of 1. Upon excitation of the decane gels of 1 with 0-2 mol % of 2, quenching of the emission of the former at 509 nm with the formation of the monomer emission of the latter at 555 nm is observed. Upon further addition of 2 (2-20 mol %), the emission was continuously red-shifted to 610 nm, which corresponds to the aggregate emission of 2. Consequently, a 98% quenching of the donor emission was observed at 509 nm. Fluorescence microscopic studies provided visual evidence for the color tuning of the FRET emission. Thus efficient trapping of excitons by "isolated" or "aggregated" acceptors through a subtle control of the self-assembly and the photophysical properties of the donor-acceptor building blocks allowed a continuous shifting of the emission color anywhere between green and red (lambdamax, 509-610 nm) in a supramolecular light harvesting system.
Trimming of glucosylated N-glycans by human ER α1,2-mannosidase I (2014)

In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), folding of proteins modified by asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation is precisely monitored by quality control machinery. Upon exit from the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, glycoproteins are digested by α-mannosidases in the ER, especially α1,2-mannosidase I (ERManI). ERManI removes the α1,2-linked mannose of the B-chain from properly folded ER glycoproteins, whereas two or more α1,2-linked mannose residues are sequentially trimmed from improperly folded glycoproteins so they are recognized by a complex that mediates ER-associated degradation (ERAD). We have shown that the efficiency of Man9GlcNAc2 de-mannosylation in model glycoproteins by recombinant human ERManI (hERManI) is dependent on folding status (Aikawa et al. (In vitro mannose trimming property of human ER α-1,2 mannosidase I. Glycoconj. J 2012;29: 35-45.)). In this study, we revealed that this enzyme also accepts N-linked sugar chains with glucose moieties as substrates with nearly identical reactivity. The ability of hERManI to remove mannose residues from GlcMan9GlcNAc2 in model glycoproteins, such as Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase and chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY), was markedly augmented when glycoproteins were denatured. The properties of hERManI enable rapid selection of ERAD substrates in the ER and may help maintain homeostasis of sugar metabolism in living organisms.
A new testing acceleration chip for low-cost memory tests (1993)

It is argued that the development of semiconductor memories has reached a turning point. In the multimegabit dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) of the future, major factors contributing to the chip cost are process complexity, die size, equipment cost, and test cost. If conventional test methods are used, test costs will grow at an especially rapid rate. A memory test concept called the testing acceleration chip, which could reduce future test costs a hundredfold and yet maintain AC testing reliability, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for analgesics. (1997)

A major goal of current pain research is to develop scientifically-based guidelines to optimize selection of analgesic drug doses and control pain. Numerous clinical studies have shown that the drug dose required to effectively alleviate pain is often highly variable, both between patients and between pain episodes in individual patients. This high variability makes it difficult to predict appropriate dosing regimens that will adequately control pain in the individual patient. The result is a "trial and error" approach to analgesic therapy. Experimental tools that measure analgesic response and drug disposition after administration of analgesics can be used to better predict the therapeutic effects of analgesics in individual patients. The approach defines factors that contribute to variability in therapeutic response. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling involves analysis of drug disposition data and drug efficacy data. Modeling depends on sensitive and reliable methods to quantify both pain and plasma (or other body fluid) levels of analgesic agents. Two major approaches have been used to quantify pain. The first utilizes subjective reports from patients, while the second employs physiological correlates of pain, such as evoked potentials. Results from PK/PD analysis that successfully identify a relationship between drug dose, drug concentration, and effect can be used to predict the effects of drug dose on analgesic effect in individuals. The ultimate goal is to provide patients with better pain relief by understanding variables that affect the analgesic concentration/effect relationship. This review examines the available pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data for selected opioid and nonopioid analgesics. Even though most analgesics are used clinically in multiple doses, the majority of PK/PD studies conducted to date evaluate single dose effects. Further studies with multiple doses are required to evaluate the validity of PK/PD relationships defined from single dose studies.
Interferon-gamma inhibits macrophage insulin-like growth factor-I synthesis at the transcriptional level. (1995)

Spontaneous production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by inflammatory macrophages contributes to aberrant wound healing, but little is known about regulation of IGF-I synthesis in myeloid cells. The T cell-derived cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) inhibits several fibrogenic and angiogenic components of the wound-healing response. We have used metabolic labeling of primary colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)-derived macrophages and a transformed macrophage cell line (PU5-1R) followed by immunoprecipitation to demonstrate that synthesis of the 17 kilodalton (kDa) prepro-IGF-I protein by these cells is substantially inhibited by IFN gamma. An exon 4 IGF-I/beta-actin riboprobe expression cassette was used in RNase protection assays to show that IFN gamma also reduces steady state levels of IGF-I mRNA in three different populations of macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This effect is specific for IFN gamma because neither the IFNs-alpha/beta nor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects expression of steady state IGF-I transcripts. Down-regulation of IGF-I mRNA by IFN gamma is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and is abrogated by coculture with cycloheximide. Nuclear run-on assays revealed that elongation of IGF-I transcripts is absent in fresh bone marrow cells but is induced several-fold after cells are cultured for 6 days with CSF-1. Treatment of these CSF-1-derived macrophages with IFN gamma for 6 h substantially inhibits synthesis of IGF-I mRNA. Studies on the decay of IGF-I mRNA in PU5-1R macrophages treated with an RNA polymerase inhibitor confirmed that the decline in IGF-I steady state mRNA in IFN gamma-treated cultures arises from an inhibition of transcription rather than from a reduction in mRNA stability. Since a variety of inflammatory mediators can induce expression of IGF-I in macrophages, inhibition of macrophage IGF-I synthesis by IFN gamma provides a mechanism by which leukocytes regulate levels of this growth factor in their microenvironment.
Mechanical properties and structural characteristics of dynamically photocrosslinked PP/EPDM blends (2003)

Abstract The mechanical properties and crystal morphological structures of dynamically photocrosslinked polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) blends have been studied by mechanical tests, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dynamically photocrosslinking of PP/EPDM blends can improve the mechanical propertiess considerably, especially the notched Izod impact strength at low temperature. Data obtained from mechanical tests show that the notched Izod impact strength of a dynamically photocrosslinked sample with 30% EPDM at −20°C is about six times that of an uncrosslinked sample with the same EPDM component. The results from the WAXD, SEM, and DSC measurements reveal the enhanced mechanism of impact strength for the dynamically photocrosslinked PP/EPDM blends as follows: (i) the β‐type crystal structure of PP is formed and the interplanar distance of β‐type crystal increases slightly with an increase in the EPDM component; (ii) the droplet size of the EPDM phase in the photocrosslinked PP/EPDM blends is obviously reduced and the droplet number is increased with an increase in the EPDM component during the dynamical photocrosslinking process; (iii) the graft copolymer of PP‐g‐EPDM is formed at the interface between PP and EPDM components. All the above changes from the crystal morphological structures are favorable for increasing the compatibility and enhancing the toughness of PP/EPDM blends at low temperatures.
Fast greedy algorithm for active contours (1994)

The greedy algorithm is a fast iterative method for energy minimisation of snakes for image contour detection. In the Letter, an even faster algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm has the same performance as the conventional greedy algorithm, but reduces the computing time by 30% on average.
Plasma vitamin C affects glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects and in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (1994)

In aged healthy (n = 10) and non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic (n = 10) subjects matched for age [67.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 68.0 +/- 0.4 yr, P = not significant (NS)], body mass index (25.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 26.0 +/- 0.2 kg/m2, P = NS), gender ratio [6 males (M)/4 females (F) vs. 5 M/5 F], and mean arterial blood pressure (104 +/- 6 vs. 105 +/- 9 mmHg, P = NS), we determined the changes in insulin secretion and action after vitamin C infusion and the relative increase in plasma vitamin C levels. At the highest vitamin C infusion rate (0.9 mmol/min) the increase in plasma vitamin C levels did not affect B cell response to glucose, but it improved Conard's K values and whole body glucose disposal in healthy subjects and in diabetic patients. In both groups of subjects vitamin C-mediated increase in insulin action was mainly due to an improvement in nonoxidative glucose metabolism. After fasting, plasma vitamin C levels correlated with basal whole body glucose disposal (r = -0.44, P < 0.05; n = 20). After vitamin C infusion, percent change in plasma vitamin C level correlated with the percent decline in membrane microviscosity (r = 0.53, P < 0.01; n = 20) and increase in whole body glucose disposal (r = 0.63, P < 0.003; n = 20). In conclusion, plasma vitamin C levels seem to play a role in the modulation of insulin action in aged healthy and diabetic subjects.
E-commerce interface design parameters and their relation to website popularity (2008)

E-commerce is becoming increasingly familiar across industries. Customers find it easier to browse and purchase items and services online than by visiting the traditional bricks-and-mortar stores. This allows the customers and firms to save money and generate business faster. The main challenge of e-commerce is acquiring and maintaining good customer relations and trust because the customer only interacts with an electronic interface. Therefore the interface and its design is very important for businesses. This dissertation considers various website interface design parameters and determines whether a relationship between the parameters and the popularity of the website exists. The research methodology utilised is a statistical analysis of a survey of high, medium and low popularity websites and the interface parameters. The e-commerce websites explored fall into the clothing, consumer electronics, and health sectors. The researcher will also discuss the design parameters employed by popular websites.
Observation on Effects of Pursed Lips-Diaphragm Type Breathing of Patients with COPD (2009)

Objective Investigate the impact of pursed lips-diaphragm type breathing to COPD pa-tients. Methods 98 cases of patients were randomly divided into 49 cases of the control group and 49 cases of intervention group. The pursed lips-diaphragm type breathing training of intervention group was guided by nurses and the control group was given conventional treatment and care. The clinical effects of 2 groups were compared after intervention and the indicators include vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity and Oxygen saturation. Results The intervention group had better effects than the control group( P < 0.05). Conclusion Pursed lips-diaphragm type breathing can promote the recovery of COPD patients.

Key words: 
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;  Pursed lips-diaphragm type breathing; Recovery training
Aligned Nanofibrillar Collagen Regulates Endothelial Organization and Migration (2012)

Aligned nanofibrillar collagen regulates EC organization and migration, which can significantly contribute to the development of vascular grafts.
TGF-&#946;: Its Role in Asthma and Therapeutic Potential (2006)

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways affecting around 10% of the population. The majority of cases are well controlled with current therapies, however in approximately 20% of severe asthmatics the available therapeutic strategies are inadequate. Structural changes in the asthmatic airway, including an increase in smooth muscle mass and an increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, which correlate with airway hyperresponsivenes, reduced lung function and an increase in fibroblast/myofibroblast numbers, are not specifically targetted by current therapeutic agents and therefore represent an area of unmet need. The mechanisms involved in the development of airway remodelling are incompletely understood but are thought to involve one or more isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). The TGF-betas are pleiotropic mediators which have important roles in the regulation of inflammation, cell growth, differentiation and wound healing. All three mammalian isoforms of TGF-beta are present in the airways and at least TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 have been shown to be increased in asthmatic airways and cells, together with evidence of increased TGF-beta signalling. In addition, evidence from animal models suggests that airway remodelling may be prevented or reversed using agents which target TGF-beta. Therefore modulation of TGF-betas or their activity represent a potential therapeutic target for asthma. This review focuses on the current knowledge of TGF-beta1-3, their their role in normal and asthmatic airways, as well as the potential for modulating the TGF-betas and their effects as a therapeutic approach to asthma.
The Role of Mu- and Kappa-Opioid Receptors in Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference (1992)

Effects of buprenorphine, U-50,488H, naltrexone and lithium chloride on cocaine conditioned place preference were examined. Buprenorphine, a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, blocked the cocaine-induced place preference. Furthermore, the kappa-receptor agonist U-50,488H and the mu-receptor antagonist naltrexone both antagonized the cocaine preference. U-50,488H or naltrexone alone induced a place aversion in a dose-dependent manner. However, the cocaine-induced conditioned place preference was not blocked by lithium chloride, although the latter induced a conditioned place aversion, indicating that the antagonism of cocaine-induced place preference by U-50,488H or naltrexone does not result from a functional antagonism. These results suggest that mu- and kappa-opioid receptors may be involved in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference.