gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-site immunofluorometric assay of intact salmon calcitonin with improved sensitivity (1997)

We recently developed a two-site immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) of salmon calcitonin (SCT) by DELFIA (dissociation enhancement lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay) technique using the same polyclonal antibodies both for "catching" the antigen and for signaling. In the present study we used a monoclonal antibody to SCT 1-11 as the capture antibody. This antibody was biotinylated before use in streptavidin-coated microtitration plates. The polyclonal antibody labeled with Eu chelate was used as a signaling marker. This combination of antibodies resulted in an assay that was three to four times more sensitive than the previous IFMA, with a detection limit of 0.3 pmol/L serum. Intact SCT 1-32 was detected by the assay (recoveries 94-96%), but not the fragments SCT 1-11 and SCT 10-32 or human calcitonin. Dilutions of plasma samples containing SCT were parallel to the calibration curve of SCT 1-32. Pharmacokinetic studies of SCT, 100 IU administered intramuscularly to 10 men, indicated peak serum concentrations of 32-128 pmol/L within 10-20 min with apparent half-life of 56+/-18 min (mean+/-SD). This new assay will allow study of the pharmacokinetics of new calcitonin preparations that do not require injection.
Development of seamless tri-leaflet valves. (1980)

In terms of their hydrodynamic characteristics at physiologically-relevant flows, the tri-leaflet valves show remarkable in vitro performance in comparison with similarly sized or even larger prosthetic valves. The ongoing in vivo studies confirmed the importance of adequate fluid mechanical design criteria, surface smoothness and rigorously clean fabrication procedures to minimize thrombo-embolic phenomena in the absence of anticoagulant therapies. Results from ongoing in vitro and in vivo durability studies suggest these are promising prostheses for valve replacement.
Prolongation of Hypnosis by Epinephrine and Insulin (1945)

White mice pretreated either with epinephrine or insulin and subsequently given Evipal slept considerably longer than the control animals receiving only Evipal. The results are highly significant as determined by statistical analysis.
Hyperspectral fundus imager (2000)

A Fourier Transform hyperspectral imager was integrated onto a standard clinical fundus camera, a Zeiss FF3, for the purposes of spectrally characterizing normal anatomical and pathological features in the human ocular fundus. To develop this instrument an existing FDA approved retinal camera was selected to avoid the difficulties of obtaining new FDA approval. Because of this, several unusual design constraints were imposed on the optical configuration. Techniques to calibrate the sensor and to define where the hyperspectral pushbroom stripe was located on the retina were developed, including the manufacturing of an artificial eye with calibration features suitable for a spectral imager. In this implementation the Fourier transform hyperspectral imager can collect over a hundred 86 cm-1 spectrally resolved bands with 12 micro meter/pixel spatial resolution within the 1050 nm to 450 nm band. This equates to 2 nm to 8 nm spectral resolution depending on the wavelength. For retinal observations the band of interest tends to lie between 475 nm and 790 nm. The instrument has been in use over the last year successfully collecting hyperspectral images of the optic disc, retinal vessels, choroidal vessels, retinal backgrounds, and macula diabetic macular edema, and lesions of age-related macular degeneration.
Genetic and Physiological Analysis of a New Locus in Arabidopsis That Confers Resistance to 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid and Ethylene and Specifically Affects the Ethylene Signal Transduction Pathway (1993)

A population of M2 seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana was screened for mutants that were insensitive to the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC). Several independent lines were obtained and proved insensitive to both ACC and ethylene. Two lines were identified as alleles of a single recessive mutation, designated ain1. Linkage analysis indicated that the ain1 gene is located on chromosome 1, adjacent to the cer5 marker and, therefore, genetically distinct from previously identified ethylene resistance loci. General phenotypic aspects of ain1 mutants were similar to wild type. For both alleles, the level of insensitivity to ethylene at the seedling stage was indistinguishable in terms of elongation growth. In contrast, the gravitropic response of ain1-1 seedlings was slower than that of wild-type and ain1-2 seedlings. At the adult stage, stress responses of mutants were similar to wild type. However, ethylene-induced leaf senescence was delayed in both mutants. In addition, we observed significant interallelic variation in ethylene production rates. Growth inhibition experiments showed that the ain1 mutation does not confer resistance to other hormones. Thus, ain1 most probably affects a step specific for the ethylene signal transduction pathway.
Progress in Temporal Bone Histopathology II.<i>Immuno-technology Applied to the Temporal bone</i> (1985)

By using monoclonal antibodies against cell-membrane receptors the cellular composition of an aural cholesteatoma can be determined. Langerhans' cells and T-lymphocytes predominate in the cholesteatoma matrix. The normal human tympanic membrane is devoid of these cells. Immuno-technology applied to the inner ear is illustrated by tracing gentamicin in the cochlea with a polyvalent anti-gentamicin antiserum in serial sections. In an animal model gentamicin is detectable through this method. From 3 days on, after daily i.p. injection of 100 mg gentamicin/kg body weight, the drug accumulates in the outer hair cells.
The Production of Alginate by Pseudomonas mendocina in Batch and Continuous Culture (1989)

The effect of growth conditions on the production of alginate by highly mucoid strains of Pseudomonas mendocina was investigated, using pH-controlled batch and continuous cultures. In batch culture, alginate was produced both during the exponential and stationary phases of growth. A polysaccharide concentration of 20 g 1−1 was obtained from medium containing glucose (50 g l−1). In steady-state continuous culture under nitrogen limitation (dilution rate, D = 0·05 h−1), a similar alginate concentration was attained; more than 60% of the utilized glucose was converted to alginate and the polysaccharide concentration was ten-fold the biomass concentration. Increasing the dilution rate above 0·1 h−1 decreased the proportion of glucose converted to alginate although the biomass was unchanged. The optimum dissolved oxygen tension (d.o.t.) for alginate production in nitrogen-limited continuous culture was approximately 40 mm Hg (1 mm Hg is approximately 133 Pa). The respiration rate and bacterial density were independent of d.o.t. above 10 mm Hg. Under oxygen limitation, no alginate was produced but acetate was excreted into the culture fluid. Variants producing little alginate arose during growth in continuous culture. Under carbon limitation, alginate production was substantially decreased but not eliminated.
A unique glucose-dependent apoptotic pathway induced by c-Myc (1998)

The lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) gene, whose product participates in normal anaerobic glycolysis and is frequently increased in human cancers, has been identified as a c-Myc-responsive gene. It was of interest, therefore, to compare the effect of glucose deprivation in c-Myc-transformed and nontransformed cells. We observed that glucose deprivation or treatment with the glucose antimetabolite 2-deoxyglucose caused nontransformed cells to arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, c-Myc-transformed fibroblasts, lymphoblastoid, or lung carcinoma cells underwent extensive apoptosis. Ectopic expression of LDH-A alone in Rat1a fibroblasts was sufficient to induce apoptosis with glucose deprivation but not with serum withdrawal, suggesting that LDH-A mediates the unique apoptotic effect of c-Myc when glycolysis is blocked. The apoptosis caused by glucose deprivation was blocked by Bcl-2 expression but appeared to be independent of wild-type p53 activity. These studies provide insights on the coupling of glucose metabolism and the cell cycle in c-Myc-transformed cells and may in the future be exploited for cancer therapeutics.
Role of a non‐CFTR chloride channel in intestinal epithelial chloride secretion (2010)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is the major Cl channel found in the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates and opens CFTR. E xchange p rotein directly a ctivated by c AMP (Epac) upon binding of cAMP, activates PKA‐independent signaling via small G proteins. We tested the hypothesis that Epac are involved in cAMP‐stimulated Cl secretion. Human intestinal T84 cells and mouse intestine were used for short circuit current (Isc) measurement in response to agonist stimulated Cl secretion. Epac activator, 8‐pCPT‐2′‐O‐Me‐cAMP, elevated [Ca 2+ ]i, activated Rap2 protein and induced Cl secretion in intact and basolateral membrane permeabilized T84 cells and mouse ileum. These effects of 8‐pCPT‐2′‐O‐Me‐cAMP were completely abolished by BAPTA‐AM, but not by H89. In contrast, T84 cells with silenced Epac1 protein had reduced Isc response to forskolin which was completely inhibited by H89 but not by the phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122. The lack of effect of 8‐pCPT‐2′‐O‐Me‐cAMP either to CFTRinhi‐172, glibenclamide or on whole cell patch clamp recording of Cl current in CHO cells transiently expressing the human CFTR, implicates that CFTR channels are not involved. Biophysical characterization of the Epac1‐dependent Cl conductance in Ussing chambers suggests that Epac mediated Cl conductance was hyperpolarization‐activated, inward rectifying, and displays a Cl − >Br − >I − permeability sequence. These results lead us to conclude that the Epac‐Rap‐PLC‐[Ca 2+ ]i signaling pathway is involved in cAMP‐stimulated Cl secretion through non‐CFTR Cl channel.
Cycling Analysis of a Quinone-Bromide Redox Flow Battery (2015)

We report the dependence upon current density of voltage polarization; charge capacity; and current, voltage, and energy efficiency for a flow battery comprising 2,7-anthraquinone disulfonic acid and hydrobromic acid as redox-active species in the electrolytes.We develop relationships predicting several of these figures of merit from the polarization curves. The decrease in capacity with increasing current density is shown to be a direct consequence of the interplay of the polarization curves and the voltage limits imposed during cycling. The linearity of the polarization curves results in an inverse linear relationship between instantaneous voltage efficiency and current density. The average voltage efficiency over a complete cycle is shown to follow this same relationship when the open-circuit voltage and polarization resistance are evaluated at 50% state of charge. Current efficiency loss mechanisms are classified according to whether they lead directly to cycle capacity loss. The current efficiency increases with current density due to constant-rate loss mechanisms at a rate of 1.08 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, which is consistent with the rate of bromine crossover. Quinone crossover is negligible at 140 pA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The effective differential capacity retention rate is 99.90% per cycle over 40 cycles. Mechanistic interpretations for these results are offered and interrelationships derived.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties under High Strain Rate Testing of W&ndash;3.99Ni&ndash;1.71Fe Sintered by a Two-Stage Sintering Process (2012)

A two-stage sintering practice was applied to W–3.99Ni–1.71Fe (mass%) to control its microstructural evolution and, accordingly, mechanical properties under high strain rates. Unlike the traditional one-stage liquid phase sintering, the alloy was first solid-state-sintered to close to full densification, and then liquid-phase-sintered by induction heating where the cooling rate was fast. With the two-stage sintering, the growth of tungsten grains and the contiguity of tungsten grains could be closely tailored, and a high dissolved tungsten concentration in the matrix phase could be maintained. All of these microstructural characteristics led to enhanced mechanical properties of this alloy tested under high strain rates.
Long-lasting improvement following (-)-OSU6162 in a patient with Huntington’s disease (1999)

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary, incurable neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of frontostriatal integrity.1 Clinically, progressive movement disorder, dementia, and liability for behavioral disturbances and psychosis characterize the disorder. It is well known that dopaminergic drugs modify some clinical features of HD. In this respect, different agonists and antagonists of dopaminergic function may improve or worsen chorea. Whereas levodopa may offer relief from hypokinesia, concomitant worsening of chorea and mental deterioration are commonly seen.2 On the other hand, neuroleptics may decrease chorea but with an accompanying global functional worsening and increased hypokinesia.3

S-(-)-3-(3-methylsulphonyl-phenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine [(-)-OSU6162] belongs to a novel class of functional modulators of dopaminergic systems displaying stabilizing effects on psychomotor function.4-6 This means that the compound is able to state-dependently modify dopaminergic influence on corticostriatal functions. Such effects, among others, have been demonstrated by the ability of (-)-OSU6162 to decrease levodopa-induced dyskinesias in MPTP primates without appreciably affecting the antiparkinsonian …
Adult-Derived Human Liver Progenitor Cells in Long-Term Culture Maintain Appropriate Gatekeeper Mechanisms against Transformation (2012)

The use of human liver progenitor cells in the development of clinical cell therapy depends on their constant availability and unaltered properties during culture. The present study investigates the effects of long-term in vitro culture on the specific characteristics of these cells and on their genetic stability. Adult-derived human liver progenitor cells (ADHLPCs) were isolated from 12 donors and cultured until senescence and cell death. Cells were analyzed at different time points for their phenotype stability and differentiation potential. In addition, growth characteristics, chromosomal karyotype, telomere maintenance mechanisms, and activity of cell cycle-related genes were studied. Finally, their in vivo tumorigenicity was investigated in a xenograft assay. The long-term culture of ADHLPCs revealed a variable proliferation capacity. Cells maintained their original phenotype and acquired hepatocyte-like metabolic functions after differentiation. Eight of the 12 cell populations grew fast (doubling time of 6.3 days) during a limited time period (mean, 116.2 days), and mainly presented normal cytogenetic features. The four other cell cultures presented an early decline in growth potential (doubling time of 28.6 days) and premature senescence. Chromosomal alterations were detected in three of four cultures at passage 6. Cytogenetic anomalies were not correlated with tumorigenic potential in vitro or in vivo, and expression of cell cycle-related genes was appropriately upregulated, inducing senescence. Although chromosomal anomalies may occur in long-term cell cultures, neither transformation nor alteration of their characteristics was noted during in vitro expansion. All ADHLPCs reached senescence and growth arrest. Presenescent ADHLPCs might therefore be considered as a suitable source for liver-based cell therapy.
Melatonin related compounds inhibit lipid peroxidation during copper or free radical‐induced LDL oxidation (2002)

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of two melatonin related compounds towards low density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidation initiated in vitro either by defined free radicals [i.e. superoxide anion (O2*-) and ethanol-derived peroxyl radicals (RO(2)(*))] produced by gamma radiolysis or by copper ions. The compounds studied were N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzamide (DTBHB) and (R,S)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (GWC20) which is a pinoline derivative. Their effects were compared with those of melatonin at the same concentration (100 micromol/L). None of the three tested compounds protected endogenous LDL alpha-tocopherol from oxidation by RO(2)(*)/O(2)(*)- free radicals. By contrast, they all protected beta-carotene from the attack of these free radicals with GWC20 being the strongest protector. Moreover, melatonin and DTBHB partially inhibited the formation of products derived from lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances or TBARS) while GWC20 totally abolished this production. As previously shown, melatonin (at the concentration used) inhibited copper-induced LDL oxidation by increasing 1.60-fold the lag phase duration of conjugated diene formation over the 8 hr of the experimental procedure, however, DTBHB and GWC20 were much more effective, because they totally prevented the initiation of the propagation phase of LDL oxidation. It would be interesting to test in vivo if DTBHB and GWC20 which exhibit a strong capacity to inhibit in vitro LDL oxidation would reduce or not atherosclerosis in animals susceptible to this pathology.
Efficient Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence from Environmentally Stable Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites (2001)

The potential use of polymer light-emitting devices is ultimately limited by their low quantum efficiency as well as by their poor stability against oxygen and moisture. To simultaneously solve these drawbacks, light-emitting devices using the polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite with good gas-barrier properties were fabricated by blending poly[2-methoxy-5-(2‘-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) with organoclay. The 2-dimensional nanocomposite film shows higher photoluminescence (PL) output and better photostability when compared with the pure MEH-PPV film of the same thickness. Electroluminescence (EL) efficiency is also enhanced. This 2-dimensional lamellar type nanocomposite structure efficiently confines not only both electrons and holes to enhance the recombination rate but also excitons to improve singlet radiative decay. By analyzing transient EL behavior, it was found that the charge carrier mobility of the nanocomposite device was reduced, which suggests that effective charge blocking improves the bipolar recombination rates. Additionally, the isolation of polymer chains within a confined geometry by intercalation prevents excitons from finding low-energy trap sites. Therefore, PL and EL quantum yield is improved.
Glycolipids from sponges, II. Glycosyl ceramide composition of the marine sponge <i>Agelas longissima</i> (1995)

Abstract A specimen of the marine sponge Agelas longissima was analyzed for glycosphingolipids. Three cerebrosides 1a ‐ 3a were isolated, each as a mixture of homologs. The structure of the new glycosphingolipid 1a was elucidated by extensive NMR studies of its peracetate derivative and chemical analysis. Compound 2a , previously isolated from another specimen of A. longissima , exhibits in the new specimen a remarkably different alkyl chain composition.
A Broadband, On-Chip Sensor Based on Hall Effect for Current Measurements in Smart Power Circuits (2018)

This paper presents a broadband ([dc-megahertz (MHz)]) current sensor for power applications, which is based only on a Hall-effect probe as the core sensing element. Unlike common solutions for broadband current sensing, the proposed architecture is suitable for integration of the measurement system on the same low-cost CMOS chip used for the power electronics (e.g., Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS), without the need for external transformers and allowing for the realization of “smart power circuits.” The Hall-effect probe is biased by implementing the offset compensation-oriented spinning-current technique through a novel front-end, designed to push the operative bandwidth toward the fundamental limit of the probe. Specifically, the proposed front-end employs switches, which are typical of spinning-current techniques, only for biasing the Hall probe, while the readout process is performed by minimum-sized differential amplifiers. In this way, the capacitive load seen by the Hall probe is minimized and the sensor practical bandwidth upper limit is strongly increased. A prototype of the proposed architecture was operated at 8-MHz spinning frequency and characterized by means of standard figures of merit, demonstrating the broadband capability and an adequate overall performance. At the same time, the prototype revealed a new bandwidth limit, masked in conventional architectures by stronger capacitance-induced effects, which is represented by a degradation of the effectiveness of the spinning-current technique. Measured performance is comparable to that of standard, nonintegrated, current sensors, demonstrating the effectiveness of the presented purely Hall approach for broadband current sensing. The architecture was validated by discussing two case studies typical of power applications.
Performance of an Amperometric Biosensor for the Determination of Hemoglobin (2005)

Hemoglobin is a very important physiological index in human blood, especially for the evaluation of the physical performance of athletes. This paper reports an amperometric biosensor for the determination of blood hemoglobin, using potassium ferricyanide as a mediator, based on thin-film technology in a two-electrode system. The biosensor can be used for the determination of hemoglobin at concentrations in a linear range of 10-3000 microM, and the correlation coefficient is 0.996, the relative standard deviation is 2.3% for six determinations for 2000 microM hemoglobin concentration. And the linear range of hemoglobin is studied using methylene blue as a mediator.
Content, Topology and Cooperation in In-network Caching (2015)

In-network caching aims at improving content delivery and alleviating pressures on network bandwidth by leveraging universally networked caches. This thesis studies the design of cooperative in-network caching strategy from three perspectives: content, topology and cooperation, specifically focuses on the mechanisms of content delivery and cooperation policy and their impacts on the performance of cache networks. \n\nThe main contributions of this thesis are twofold. From measurement perspective, we show that the conventional metric hit rate is not sufficient in evaluating a caching strategy on non-trivial topologies, therefore we introduce footprint reduction and coupling factor, which contain richer information. We show cooperation policy is the key in balancing various tradeoffs in caching strategy design, and further investigate the performance impact from content per se via different chunking schemes. \n\nFrom design perspective, we first show different caching heuristics and smart routing schemes can significantly improve the caching performance and facilitate content delivery. We then incorporate well-defined fairness metric into design and derive the unique optimal caching solution on the Pareto boundary with bargaining game framework. In addition, our study on the functional relationship between cooperation overhead and neighborhood size indicates collaboration should be constrained in a small neighborhood due to its cost growing exponentially on general network topologies.