gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarographic Properties and Electrochemical Reduction of 1,2‐Dimethyl‐3‐indolyl Heteroaryl Ketones (1982)

Abstract The reduction of a series of 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐indolyl heteroaryl ketones, where the heteroaryl components are 2‐benzoxazolyl, 2‐behzpthiuzolyl. 1‐methyl‐2‐benz‐imidazolyl, 4‐ and 2‐pyridyl, in aprotic and prone solution are described by means of DC. and AC. polarography, cyclic voltammetry and coulometry. In acetonitrile a two‐step reduction mechanism with a reversible first and an irreversible second one‐electron transfer has been observed, confirmed by AC.‐polarographic and cyclovoltammetric measurements. The reduction potentials, between −1.377 and −1.787 V for the first step, and between −1.937 and −2.250 V ( vs. Ag/AgCl) for the second, could not be correlated with the LUMO energies from HMO calculations which was explained as being due to a distorted configuration of the π systems. In protic media (ethanol/water) reduction occurs in an irreversible one‐step mechanism. Measurements of the pH dependence of the half‐wave potential in the pH* range 0–12 and the evaluated transfer coefficients show that the reduction step represents the transfer of two electrons and two protons yielding secondary alcohols and no dimerization products under any condition. These findings are supported by coulometric and macroscale electrolysis of the ketones; the products isolated were characterized by IR. and 1 H‐NMR. data.
EFindBugs: Effective Error Ranking for FindBugs (2011)

Static analysis tools have been widely used to detect potential defects without executing programs. It helps programmers raise the awareness about subtle correctness issues in the early stage. However, static defect detection tools face the high false positive rate problem. Therefore, programmers have to spend a considerable amount of time on screening out real bugs from a large number of reported warnings, which is time-consuming and inefficient. To alleviate the above problem during the report inspection process, we present EFindBugs to employ an effective two-stage error ranking strategy that suppresses the false positives and ranks the true error reports on top, so that real bugs existing in the programs could be more easily found and fixed by the programmers. In the first stage, EFindBugs initializes the ranking by assigning predefined defect likelihood for each bug pattern and sorting the error reports by the defect likelihood in descending order. In the second stage, EFindbugs optimizes the initial ranking self-adaptively through the feedback from users. This optimization process is executed automatically and based on the correlations among error reports with the same bug pattern. Our experiment on three widely-used Java projects (AspectJ, Tomcat, and Axis) shows that our ranking strategy outperforms the original ranking in Find Bugs in terms of precision, recall and F1-score.
Berberine: Complex with DNA (1969)

A complex of calf-thymus DNA with berberine sediments in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The DNA produced systematic changes in the absorption spectrum of berberine which suggest that single alkaloid molecules bind to DNA. Flow dichroism of purines and pyrimidines and of berberine in the complex with DNA had the same signs and magnitudes. Berberine shifted the thermal strand separation profile of DNA to higher temperatures. Therefore, the alkaloid forms a complex with DNA, probably by intercalation.
Presenting your structures: the<i>CCP</i>4<i>mg</i>molecular-graphics software (2011)

CCP4mg is a molecular-graphics program that is designed to give rapid access to both straightforward and complex static and dynamic representations of macromolecular structures. It has recently been updated with a new interface that provides more sophisticated atom-selection options and a wizard to facilitate the generation of complex scenes. These scenes may contain a mixture of coordinate-derived and abstract graphical objects, including text objects, arbitrary vectors, geometric objects and imported images, which can enhance a picture and eliminate the need for subsequent editing. Scene descriptions can be saved to file and transferred to other molecules. Here, the substantially enhanced version 2 of the program, with a new underlying GUI toolkit, is described. A built-in rendering module produces publication-quality images.
Recent progress in hybrid cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (2015)

Various binary composite cathode materials for lithium ion batteries are summarized and discussed.
Continuous Carbon Nanotube-PDMS Composites (2008)

Carbon nanotubes are considered short fibers and the nanotube reinforced composites are always analogues of randomly distributed short fiber composites. In contrast, the real structural fibrous composites often contain fiber reinforcements where fibers run continuously through the matrix material. With the recent advance in nanotube growth, vertical arrays of nanotubes in macroscopic lengths have become available and this allows the fabrication of continuous nano-composites that are similar to the continuous fiber composites utilizing the nanotube arrays as the continuous reinforcement in the composites. This provides a chance to take full advantage of the extreme high modulus and strength for the nanotubes in structural composites. Here, this study fabricates continuous nanotube reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites and shows that under compressive loadings such continuous nanotube composites can generate dramatic increase in the longitudinal modulus and also significantly enhanced damping capability.
The redundant cell adder (2002)

The design of the 56-b significand adder for the Advanced Micro Devices, Am29050 microprocessor, is described. This is a 1- mu m design rule CMOS realization of a high-performance RISC (reduced instruction set computer) microprocessor that implements IEEE Standard 754 floating-point arithmetic. To achieve an add time of under 4 ns for the 56-b significand and to avoid multistage pipelines which significantly impair compiler efficiency, a redundant cell adder has been developed. This redundant cell adder design combines carry lookahead adders realized with Manchester carry chains and the carry select adder concept to achieve approximately twice the speed of the traditional carry lookahead adder. This adder achieves a 3.2-ns measured add time for 56-bit operands and is of reasonable size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolated modular multilevel (IMM) DC/DC converter with energy storage and active filter function for shipboard MVDC system applications (2015)

Nowadays more and more pulsed loads and nonlinear loads are carried on the medium-voltage (MVDC) shipboard power system, the pulse and non-linear current in different frequency ranges might induce voltage oscillations on the MVDC bus. In this paper, a novel galvanic isolated bidirectional dc/dc converter based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) with energy storage and dc active power filter function is proposed which features smoothing load current on the MVDC bus. Detailed system analysis and control strategy are presented. The simulation results are provided as well to verify the operation and functionality of the proposed system.
U. S. Clean Air Act expands role for oxygenates (1991)

The passage of the amended Clean Air Act (CAA) on Nov. 15, 1990, established a permanent role for oxygenates in U.S. gasoline for the foreseeable future. This status for oxygenates was confirmed approximately a month later by analytical results from the first phase of the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program. In view of these events, an evaluation of the potential of the currently acceptable fuel oxygenates is in order. Further, the acute demand for oxygen in gasoline in the 1992-1995 period may reawaken studies of more obscure oxygen compounds and cosolvents for methanol. A broader perspective indicates the mandated presence of oxygen and the exclusion of aromatics from reformulated gasolines will impact all gasoline blend design and composition. While aromatics as a class (including benzene) are the primary targets to be replaced by oxygenates, high-boiling compounds may cause higher vehicle hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Individual hydrocarbons that boil above 300{sup {degrees}}F have therefore been placed in perspective as potential contributors to HC emissions. Also, the light hydrocarbons that are related to evaporative emissions, and may be replaced by oxygenates, are characterized in this article.
π1 Binding Sites Are Negative Regulators of <i>bcl</i> -2 Expression in Pre-B Cells (1995)

The bcl-2 gene is differentially regulated during B-cell development, with low-level expression in pre-B cells and higher-level expression in mature B cells. These changes correlate with susceptibility to cell death by apoptosis and suggest that the Bcl-2 protein may play a role in the control of cell death during B-cell development. We have identified two negative regulatory regions in the human bcl-2 5' flanking and 5' untranslated regions in pre-B cells; these regions have no significant function in mature B cells. Further investigation of these regions revealed two pre-B-cell-specific enhancer elements (pi 1 sites) in the 5' negative regulatory region and one in the 3' negative regulatory region. Mutational analysis confirmed that these three sites functioned as negative regulators of the bcl-2 promoter in the pre-B-cell line Nalm-6. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with each of the three sites demonstrated a complex of identical mobility to that formed with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer pi 1 site. UV cross-linking experiments revealed that a protein with a molecular mass of 58 kDa bound to the three bcl-2 sites and to the immunoglobulin enhancer site. This protein reacted with an antibody against Ets family proteins. Constructs with the isolated pi 1 sites linked to the simian virus 40 promoter were used in transient transfection experiments in the pre-B-cell line. The bcl-2 sites decreased expression of the simian virus 40 promoter, while the immunoglobulin enhancer site increased its expression. The pi 1 sites in the bcl-2 gene may play a role in the developmental regulation of bcl-2 expression during B-cell differentiation.
EDTA chelation therapy should be more commonly used in the treatment of vascular disease. (1995)

EDTA chelation therapy is safe, effective, and more economical than commonly used surgical treatments for vascular disease. This article includes evidence of effectiveness, mechanisms of action of EDTA, a discussion of studies that have been done regarding the therapy, and some brief case reports. The conclusion is that EDTA chelation therapy should be a therapeutic option for vascular disease, either by itself or in conjunction with standard protocols.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Quercetin Glycosides in Humans (2001)

Due to its potentially beneficial impact on human health, the polyphenol quercetin has come into the focus of medicinal interest. However, data on the bioavailability of quercetin after oral intake are scarce and contradictory. Previous investigations indicate that the disposition of quercetin may depend on the sugar moiety of the glycoside or the plant matrix. To determine the influence of the sugar moiety or matrix on the absorption of quercetin, two isolated quercetin glycosides and two plant extracts were administered to 12 healthy volunteers in a four-way crossover study. Each subject received an onion supplement or quercetin-4'-O-glucoside (both equivalent to 100 mg quercetin), as well as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and buckwheat tea (both equivalent to 200 mg quercetin). Samples were analyzed by HPLC with a 12-channel coulometric array detector. In human plasma, only quercetin glucuronides, but no free quercetin, could be detected. There was no significant difference in the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters between the onion supplement and quercetin-4'-O-glucoside. Peak plasma concentrations were 2.3 +/- 1.5 microg x mL(-1) and 2.1 +/- 1.6 microg x mL(-1) (mean +/- SD) and were reached after 0.7 +/- 0.2 hours and 0.7 +/- 0.3 hours, respectively. After administration of buckwheat tea and rutin, however, peak plasma levels were--despite the higher dose-only 0.6 +/- 0.7 microg x mL(-1) and 0.3 +/- 0.3 microg x mL(-1), respectively. Peak concentrations were reached 4.3 +/- 1.8 hours after administration of buckwheat tea and 7.0 +/- 2.9 hours after ingestion of rutin. The terminal elimination half-life was about 11 hours for all treatments. Thus, the disposition of quercetin in humans primarily depends on the sugar moiety. To a minor extent, the plant matrix influences both the rate and extent of absorption in the case of buckwheat tea administration compared with the isolated compound. The site of absorption seems to be different for quercetin-4'-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. The significance of specific carriers on the absorption of quercetin glycosides, as well as specific intestinal beta-glucosidases, needs to be further evaluated.
New Azimuthal Resistivity and High-Resolution Imager Facilitates Formation Evaluation and Well Placement of Horizontal Slim Boreholes (2012)

A new logging-while-drilling (LWD) device provides laterolog resistivity logs and borehole images in 6-in. holes drilled with water-based mud. On a single drill collar, the tool combines classical laterolog measurements and azimuthal imaging capabilities. The tool uses two monitored button electrodes and five toroidal antennas to produce focused laterolog resistivity measurements with azimuthal sensitivity. The measurements are made at four different depths of investigation but with similar vertical resolution. In addition, two deeper (non-azimuthal) and a bit resistivity measurements can be acquired by the toroidal array. A parametric inversion combines the data, delivering an estimation of true formation resistivity in invaded formations. A new measurement configuration within the button electrodes provides the downhole mud resistivity, which can be used to detect salinity changes in the borehole and to improve the correction of measurements influenced by salinity. A high-resolution imager, consisting of an array of button electrodes on a removable stabilizer, will provide the high resolution of a wireline imager with the full borehole coverage of an LWD device. A dedicated data-compression algorithm allows real-time transmission of the resistivity images, enabling applications such as well placement and fracture evaluation while drilling. Several field examples illustrate the application of this slim-hole device in horizontal wells for formation evaluation, fracture system characterization, and structural analysis.
Adiponectin in childhood (2008)

Adiponectin, a hormone produced and secreted by adipocytes, is present in circulation in high circulating concentrations, suggesting an important physiological role. An indirect regulator of glucose metabolism, adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity, improves glucose tolerance and inhibits inflammation. Plasma adiponectin relates inversely to adiposity and, importantly, reflects the sequelae of accumulation of excess adiposity. The role of adiponectin in adults has been explored in detail. Studies in children are now available and, given the increasing rates of childhood obesity, it is important to establish the role of adiponectin in mediating insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in this age group. This paper reviews the regulation of adiponectin, its effect on body mass, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in infants, children and adolescents. It demonstrates clear links between adiponectin and features of the metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. However, adiponectin's role as a predictor of metabolic dysfunction in healthy, normal-weight youngsters is less clear.
In vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Hydroethanolic Extracts and Fractions of Ageratum conyzoides (2015)

Background: Cancer is still a major public health burden in many countries and despite the research strides made in respect of therapeutic interventions, challenges still abound in cancer treatment. Ageratum conyzoides has increasingly been used in folklore for the treatment of a wide range of diseases including cancer.
Anti-collision methods for global SAW RFID tag systems (2005)

The global SAW tag (Hartmann (2002)) is projected to be a large-volume SAW device application. The modulation method and overall tag data structure are reviewed for a family of proposed radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. The global SAW tag is implemented using a basic group structure that encodes 16 information bits using 4 reflectors chosen from 75 reflector slots. Several groups are placed in-line on a single acoustic track to achieve ID tag devices with capacities up to 256 bits. Many RFID systems require robust operation even when numerous tagged items are located in close proximity. Hence, multiple ID tags often occupy the field of a tag reader at the same time. These tags produce simultaneous reply signals which "collide" when they arrive back at the tag reader. This paper presents "anti-collision" methods that deal with this issue.
EGFR gene copy number assessment from areas with highest EGFR expression predicts response to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer (2011)

Our results show that automated EGFR SISH, in combination with KRAS mutation analysis, can be a useful and easily applicable technique in routine diagnostic practise for selecting patients for anti-EGFR therapy.
Deep residual learning in CT physics: scatter correction for spectral CT (2017)

Recently, spectral CT has been drawing a lot of attention in a variety of clinical applications primarily due to its capability of providing quantitative information about material properties. The quantitative integrity of the reconstructed data depends on the accuracy of the data corrections applied to the measurements. Scatter correction is a particularly sensitive correction in spectral CT as it depends on system effects as well as the object being imaged and any residual scatter is amplified during the non-linear material decomposition. An accurate way of removing scatter is subtracting the scatter estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. However, to get sufficiently good scatter estimates, extremely large numbers of photons is required, which may lead to unexpectedly high computational costs. Other approaches model scatter as a convolution operation using kernels derived using empirical methods. These techniques have been found to be insufficient in spectral CT due to their inability to sufficiently capture object dependence. In this work, we develop a deep residual learning framework to address both issues of computation simplicity and object dependency. A deep convolution neural network is trained to determine the scatter distribution from the projection content in training sets. In test cases of a digital anthropomorphic phantom and real water phantom, we demonstrate that with much lower computing costs, the proposed network provides sufficiently accurate scatter estimation.
Inhibition of Human Platelet Function in Vivo with a Monoclonal Antibody (1988)

The F(ab')2 fragment of a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (7E3) is a potent inhibitor of both in-vitro platelet aggregation and in-vivo platelet thrombus formation in animal studies. As a first step in assessing the potential of 7E3-F(ab')2 as an antithrombotic agent for use in humans, we administered 7E3-F(ab')2 intravenously at increasing doses to a person who had just died and was being maintained on a respirator (neomort). At 0.1 and at 0.2 mg/kg body weight, 74% and 92% of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors were blocked, respectively; adenosine-diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by 84% and 100% at these same doses. Platelet glycoprotein Ib function remained intact, even at 0.6 mg/kg. Acute hemodynamic or hemorrhagic toxicity was not noted. This antibody fragment, a potent, immediate-acting inhibitor of platelet aggregation, may be of benefit in vaso-occlusive and thromboembolic disorders.
Detecting and diagnosing application misbehaviors in &#x2018;on-demand&#x2019; virtual computing infrastructures (2011)

Numerous automated anomaly detection and application performance modeling and management tools are available to detect and diagnose faulty application behavior. However, these tools have limited utility in `on-demand' virtual computing infrastructures because of the increased tendencies for the applications in virtual machines to migrate across un-comparable hosts in virtualized environments and the unusually long latency associated with the training phase. The relocation of the application subsequent to the training phase renders the already collected data meaningless and the tools need to re-initiate the learning process on the new host afresh. Further, data on several metrics need to be correlated and analyzed in real time to infer application behavior. The multivariate nature of this problem makes detection and diagnosis of faults in real time all the more challenging as any suggested approach must be scalable. In this paper, we provide an overview of a system architecture for detecting and diagnosing anomalous application behaviors even as applications migrate from one host to another and discuss a scalable approach based on Hotelling's T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> statistic and MYT decomposition. We show that unlike existing methods, the computations in the proposed fault detection and diagnosis method is parallelizable and hence scalable.
Detecting and correcting morpho-syntactic errors in real texts (1992)

This paper presents a system which detects and corrects morpho-syntactic errors in Dutch texts. It includes a spelling corrector and a shift-reduce parser for Augmented Context-free Grammars. The spelling corrector is based on trigram and triphone analysis. The parser is an extension of the well-known Tomita algorithm (Tomita, 1986). The parser interacts with the spelling corrector and handles certain types of structural errors. Both modules have been integrated with a compound analyzer and a dictionary of 275,000 word forms into a program for stand-alone proof-reading of Dutch texts on a large scale. The system is in its final testing phase and will be commercially available as from 1992.
Constitutive Wee1 activity in adult brain neurons with M phase-type alterations in Alzheimer neurodegeneration (2001)

The cdc2/cyclin B1 kinase is absent from neurons that are terminally differentiated. However, unscheduled activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and accumulation of mitotic phosphoepitopes have been described in degenerating neurons of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and their appearance precedes hallmark lesion formation. In cycling cells the timing of cdc2 activation and onset of mitosis are determined by the Wee1 tyrosine kinase. We therefore investigated the Wee1 kinase in human brain. Surprisingly, we have found that the enzyme is constitutively active in neurons of normal brain. Consistent with its behavior in M phase, Wee1 in AD has decreased activity, becomes MPM-2 immunoreactive, and is redistributed from its normally nuclear domain to the cytoplasm of affected neurons. These data suggest that Wee1 functions in normal postmitotic neurons, but is altered in AD so as to promote activation of Cdc2/cyclin B1. Thus, Wee1 is yet another mitotic regulator that participates in the AD neurodegenerative process.
Critical appraisal of the use of alpha lipoic acid (thioctic acid) in the treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy (2011)

Treatment with ALA 600 mg iv daily for 3 weeks represents a well-tolerated and effective therapy for DSPN. An oral dose of 600 mg daily administered for up to 5 weeks could offer benefits in symptoms and signs of DSPN without significant side effects.