gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Reactivity of Palladium Nanoparticles Coated with Mixed Monolayers of Alkyl Thiols and Alkyl Amines for Sensing and Catalysis Applications (2011)

Palladium monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) coated with octylamines (C8NH(2)), hexanethiolates (C6S), and mixed monolayers of C8NH(2) and C6S exhibit significantly different reactivities with hydrogen gas, depending on the relative amounts of the two ligands coating the Pd nanoparticle surface, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy of Pd MPCs in solution and electronic measurements of films of Pd MPCs as a function of exposure time to hydrogen. The average estimated composition of the ~3.0 nm diameter Pd MPCs was Pd(919)(C6S)(192) or Pd(919)(C8NH(2))(177-x)(C6S)(x), where x was varied to be 0, 3, 10, 16, 32, or 81 by the synthesis of pure C8NH(2) Pd MPCs and subsequent liquid-phase place exchange with a varied amount of C6SH. When x = 0-10, the Pd MPCs react strongly with H(2), leading to aggregated particles in solution and large irreversible changes in the morphology of films accompanied by an increase in film conductivity by 2-5 orders of magnitude. Pd(919)(C6S)(192) MPCs are stable against significant aggregation in solution and do not exhibit large film morphology changes, but they are also not highly reactive to H(2), as determined by minimal changes in the optical properties of solutions and the small, irreversible changes in the conductivity of films in the presence of H(2). Finally, when x is 32 and 81, the Pd MPCs are fairly stable, exhibit minimal aggregation or morphology changes, and readily react with H(2) based on the significant, reversible changes in film conductivity in the presence of H(2). Pd MPCs with mixed monolayers have the benefit of high H(2) reactivity while maintaining the structural stability necessary for sensing and catalysis applications.
The Base-catalyzed Alkylation of Fluorene with Alcohols (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Base-catalyzed Alkylation of Fluorene with AlcoholsKurt L. Schoen and Ernest I. BeckerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 22, 6030–6031Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01627a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01627a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Administration of either anti-CD40 or interleukin-12 following lethal total body irradiation induces acute lethal toxicity affecting the gut (2002)

Interleukin (IL)-12 and antibodies against CD40 have demonstrated antitumor effects in a variety of in vivo model systems. However, both agents can also mediate significant toxicities either when used following lethal TBI or when administered in combination with other agents such as IL-2. In this study, we assessed the effects of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and IL-12 in lethally irradiated mice. Acute lethal toxicity was observed following the administration of either 10 microg anti-CD40 MoAb (FGK45) or 0.5 microg of recombinant murine (rm)IL-12 that resulted in 100% mortality of all mice within 4 to 6 days. Histological evaluation revealed destruction of the normal gut architecture in both anti-CD40 MoAb- and rmIL-12-treated mice. Analysis of serum cytokine levels in the lethally irradiated mice receiving anti-CD40 MoAb demonstrated a marked increase of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 p40, whereas mice receiving rmIL-12 demonstrated a marked increase of IFN-gamma. Lethally irradiated IL-12 p40 knock-out mice were resistant to anti-CD40-induced toxicity, suggesting that the lack of IL-12 p40 with no possibility of making functional IL- 12 p70 is key for this toxic reaction. Similarly, lethally irradiated IFN-gamma knock-out mice were completely resistant to rmIL-12-induced toxicity, suggesting that IFN-gamma is a major player in IL-12-mediated toxicity. These results suggest that both anti-CD40 MoAb and rmIL-12 induce an acute fatal toxicity characterized by similar intestinal pathology and mediated in part by IFN-gamma.Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002;8(6):316-25.
Intelligent Potroom Operation (2003)

The Intelligent Potroom Operation project focuses on maximizing the performance of an aluminum smelter by innovating components for an intelligent manufacturing system. The Intelligent Potroom Advisor (IPA) monitors process data to identify reduction cells exhibiting behaviors that require immediate attention. It then advises operational personnel on those heuristic-based actions to bring the cell back to an optimal operating state in order to reduce the duration and frequency of substandard reduction cell performance referred to as ''Off-Peak Modes'' (OPMs). Techniques developed to identify cells exhibiting OPMs include the use of a finite element model-based cell state estimator for defining the cell's current operating state via advanced cell noise analyses. In addition, rule induction was also employed to identify statistically significant complex behaviors that occur prior to OPMs. The intelligent manufacturing system design, concepts and formalisms developed in this project w ere used as a basis for an intelligent manufacturing system design. Future research will incorporate an adaptive component to automate continuous process improvement, a technology platform with the potential to improve process performance in many of the other Industries of the Future applications as well.
Barium ferrite perpendicular recording flexible disk drive (1986)

A 3.5" double-sided 4MB flexible disk and disk drive has been developed employing Toshiba's barium ferrite perpendicular recording medium and without using a track-following servo. High storage capacity, four times higher than that for a conventional 3.5" 1MB drive, has been obtained by increasing linear recording density to 35 kBPI by using pre-erase heads, together with high density recording techniques, such as head/media contact and azimuth alignment. Track density is 135 TPI, the same as that for a conventional unit, so that downward compatibility, capability of reading a 3.5" 1 MB flexible disk, is obtained. Good performace for the new flexible disk drive was assured by various tests, including overall evaluation tests through personal computers.
The study of normal and malignant cell antigens by mixed agglutination. (1968)

Mixed agglutination is a sensitive and valuable technic for studying cell antigens. The historic development, applications, and modifications of this method are discussed. New data are presented on the use of this procedure for studying the virus-specific cell surface antigens associated with transformation by SV40 virus. The pattern of reactivity of human cells with a panel of human isoantisera is not changed by transformation caused by SV40 virus.
Einleitung (1997)

Die deutsche wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Forschung hat ein reges Interesse an den Forschungsergebnissen der US-amerikanischen Disziplinen. Dies läßt sich zumindest aus den Zitaten US-amerikanischer Quellen, z.B. der renommierten Marketing-Zeitschriften Journal of Marketing oder Journal of Marketing Research sowie anderer angesehener Zeitschriften, in deutschen Veröffentlichungen ableiten. Empirische Untersuchungen unterstützen die Vermutung, daß dieser Informationsfluß einseitig ist und die amerikanische Literatur in Deutschland mehr beachtet wird als umgekehrt.1 Von amerikanischen Forschungsaktivitäten gingen in der Vergangenheit — und neue Ansätze weisen auf eine Kontinuität in der Zukunft hin — wesentliche Impulse für die Marketingwissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum aus.2
Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstruct bat echolocation (2001)

Molecular and morphological data have important roles in illuminating evolutionary history. DNA data often yield well resolved phylogenies for living taxa, but are generally unattainable for fossils. A distinct advantage of morphology is that some types of morphological data may be collected for extinct and extant taxa. Fossils provide a unique window on evolutionary history and may preserve combinations of primitive and derived characters that are not found in extant taxa. Given their unique character complexes, fossils are critical in documenting sequences of character transformation over geologic time and may elucidate otherwise ambiguous patterns of evolution that are not revealed by molecular data alone. Here, we employ a methodological approach that allows for the integration of molecular and paleontological data in deciphering one of the most innovative features in the evolutionary history of mammals-laryngeal echolocation in bats. Molecular data alone, including an expanded data set that includes new sequences for the A2AB gene, suggest that microbats are paraphyletic but do not resolve whether laryngeal echolocation evolved independently in different microbat lineages or evolved in the common ancestor of bats and was subsequently lost in megabats. When scaffolds from molecular phylogenies are incorporated into parsimony analyses of morphological characters, including morphological characters for the Eocene taxa Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteris, Hassianycteris, and Palaeochiropteryx, the resulting trees suggest that laryngeal echolocation evolved in the common ancestor of fossil and extant bats and was subsequently lost in megabats. Molecular dating suggests that crown-group bats last shared a common ancestor 52 to 54 million years ago.
A Survey of Enabling Technologies of Low Power and Long Range Machine-to-Machine Communications (2017)

Low power and long range machine-to-machine (M2M) communication techniques are expected to provide ubiquitous connections for the wireless devices. In this paper, three major low power and long range M2M solutions are surveyed. The first type of solutions is referred to as the low power wide area (LPWA) network. The design of the LPWA techniques features low cost, low data rate, long communication range, and low power consumption. The second type of solutions is the IEEE 802.IIah which features higher data rates using a wider bandwidth than the LPWA-based solutions. The third type of solutions is operated under the cellular network infrastructure. Based on the analysis of the pros and cons of the enabling technologies of the surveyed M2M solutions, as well as the corresponding deployment strategies, the gaps in knowledge are identified. The paper also presents a summary of the research directions for improving the performance of the surveyed low power and long range M2M communication technologies.
Compressing Genomic Sequence Fragments Using S <scp>lim</scp> G <scp>ene</scp> (2011)

With the advent of next generation sequencing technologies, the cost of sequencing whole genomes is poised to go below $1000 per human individual in a few years. As more and more genomes are sequenced, analysis methods are undergoing rapid development, making it tempting to store sequencing data for long periods of time so that the data can be re-analyzed with the latest techniques. The challenging open research problems, huge influx of data, and rapidly improving analysis techniques have created the need to store and transfer very large volumes of data. Compression can be achieved at many levels, including trace level (compressing image data), sequence level (compressing a genomic sequence), and fragment-level (compressing a set of short, redundant fragment reads, along with quality-values on the base-calls). We focus on fragment-level compression, which is the pressing need today. Our article makes two contributions, implemented in a tool, SlimGene. First, we introduce a set of domain specific loss-less compression schemes that achieve over 40× compression of fragments, outperforming bzip2 by over 6×. Including quality values, we show a 5× compression using less running time than bzip2. Second, given the discrepancy between the compression factor obtained with and without quality values, we initiate the study of using "lossy" quality values. Specifically, we show that a lossy quality value quantization results in 14× compression but has minimal impact on downstream applications like SNP calling that use the quality values. Discrepancies between SNP calls made between the lossy and loss-less versions of the data are limited to low coverage areas where even the SNP calls made by the loss-less version are marginal.
Exploiting Internet Delay Space Properties for Selecting Distinct Network Locations (2009)

Recent studies have discovered that the Internet delay space has many interesting properties such as triangle inequality violations (TIV), clustering structures and constrained growth. Understanding these properties has so far benefited the design of network models and network-performance-aware systems. In this paper, we consider an interesting, previously unexplored connection between Internet delay space properties and network locations. We show that this connection can be exploited to select nodes from distinct network locations for applications such as replica placement in overlay networks even when an adversary is trying to mis-guide the selection process.
Design of Novel Mesomorphic Compounds: <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>″-Trialkyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamides (1988)

Abstract N,N′-Dialkyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxamides melt with anomalously small enthalpy changes. The 1,3-analogs behave similarly but at lower temperatures. These observations provide a clue to design novel mesomorphic compounds; N,N′,N″-trialkyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamides. The compounds carrying pentyl to octadecyl groups melt at temperatures between 49 and 119 °C depending upon the alkyl chain length. The clearing points are located above 200 °C. The unoriented liquid crystals show X-ray diffraction patterns consisting of two major peaks. The inner sharp peak gives a spacing, which increases as the series is ascended, from 1.40 to 2.26 nm. The outer one is sharp in the pentyl and hexyl derivatives but diffuse in the higher homologous members. The second moments of the broad-line proton NMR spectra measured above the melting points are as small as a few hundredths G2 and firmly establish the liquid-like characteristics of the alkyl chains.
Effect of topical application of estradiol-17β and PGE<sub>2</sub> on PGE-binding sites in the porcine endometrium (1992)

High- and low-affinity prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binding sites were found on day 15 after estrus in the endometrium of cycling (Cy) and pregnant (Pr) gilts as well as gilts treated with intra-uterine Silastic beads containing estradiol-17 beta (E2) alone or in combination with PGE2 (E and PG gilts respectively) and inserted into the uterine lumen on day 10 of the cycle. The average apparent dissociation constants (Kd) and binding site concentrations (Bmax) for the high- and low-affinity sites were respectively (mean +/- SEM): 8.4 +/- 0.7 pM and 3.28 +/- 0.38 fmol/mg of protein and 5.3 +/- 0.8 nM and 71 +/- 9 fmol/mg of protein. Samples collected along the meso- and antimesometrial aspects did not differ (P greater than 0.05), although the low-affinity Bmax was higher on the antimesometrial aspect for Pr and Cy gilts only. No difference in Kd (P greater than 0.10) was found between treatments for high-affinity binding sites. For the low-affinity binding sites, Kd was higher for Pr compared to PG and E but not to Cy gilts (P less than 0.05). The high-affinity Bmax was higher (P less than 0.05) for PG, followed by E, Pr and Cy gilts (respectively: 5.50 +/- 0.26; 4.19 +/- 0.46; 1.78 +/- 0.40; 1.64 +/- 0.23 fmol/mg of protein), although Pr and Cy gilts were not different (P greater than 0.05). These results suggest that the localized presence of conceptuses in the uterus in early pregnancy does not markedly affect PGE binding sites but that intrauterine applications of Silastic beads containing E2 and PGE2 increase high-affinity Bmax and decrease low-affinity Kd.
Millimeter-wave patch array antenna on ultra flexible micromachined Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate (2009)

This paper describes an improved technological process with improved reliability, compatible with the microfabrication of larger patch antenna arrays and very clean with respect to biocompatibility issues. This paper is organized as follows: A study of insertion losses of PDMS transmission lines (TL) is first presented. Then a 4times2 elements patch antenna array printed on a 20-mum thick PDMS membrane is studied in the 60-GHz band. Finally, extension of this work are discussed.
Properties of. Cyclohexane-carboxylates for Use as Plasticizers. (1959)

ジオクチルフタレートのような芳香族二塩基性酸エステルを核水素添加してシクロヘキサンジカルボン酸エステルにかえると,凝固点および粘度温度性状が良好となり,低温潤滑油としての性質が改善されるので,PVC用の低温用可塑剤として使用する場合にも好ましい性質を示すのではないかと考え, ヘキサヒドロイソフタレート, 3,6-endomethylene-hexahydrophthalate等を合成し, PVC用可塑剤としての性質を検討した。PVCコンパウンドの試験結果からみると, ヘキサヒドロオクチルイソフタレートはジオクチル- アジペート,-セバケート等に匹敵する可塑剤性能を示すもののように判断される。
Leak testing in parenteral packaging: establishment of direct correlation between helium leak rate measurements and microbial ingress for two different leak types. (2007)

A direct test method using helium leak detection was developed to determine microbial ingress in parenteral vial/rubber closure systems. The purpose of this study was to establish a direct correlation between the helium leak rate and the presence of ingress when vials were submersed under pressure in a broth of bacteria. Results were obtained for two different types of leaks: microholes that have been laser-drilled into thin metal plates, and thin copper wire that was placed between the rubber closure and the glass vial's sealing surface. The results from the microholes showed that the helium leak rate was a function of the square of the hole diameter and fit well with theoretical calculations. The relationship with the wire gave a far more complex dependence and was not modeled theoretically. Comparison with the microbial challenge showed that for microholes a lower size limit was found to be 2 microm with a corresponding leak rate of 1.4 x 10(-3) mbarl/s. For the fine wire experiment the lower limit was 15-microm wire and a corresponding leak rate of 1.3 x 10(-5) mbarl/s. From these tests a safe, lower limit, leak rate was established.
Enhanced secretion through the <i>Shigella flexneri</i> Mxi‐Spa translocon leads to assembly of extracellular proteins into macromolecular structures (1995)

Genes required for entry of Shigella flexneri into epithelial cells in vitro are clustered in two adjacent loci, one of which encodes secretory proteins, the IpaA-D proteins, and the other their dedicated secretion apparatus, the Mxi-Spa translocon. Ipa secretion, which is induced upon contact of bacteria with epithelial cells, is prevented during growth in vitro. Here, we show that ipaB and ipaD mutations lead to enhanced secretion of a set of about 15 proteins. These extracellular proteins and some Ipas associate in organized structures consisting of extended sheets. Growth of the wild-type strain in the presence of Congo red is shown to induce protein secretion through the Mxi-Spa translocon. Cultures grown to stationary phase in the presence of Congo red contain extracellular filaments whose composition and morphology are similar to those produced by the hypersecreting ipaB and ipaD mutants.
IgD-secreting murine plasmacytomas: identification and partial characterization of two IgD myeloma proteins. (1981)

We have used an immunofluorescence inhibition assay to identify 2 BALB/c plasmacytomas, TEPC-1017 and TEPC-1033, that secrete large quantitites of IgD. Both TEPC-1017 and TEPC-1033 myeloma proteins bound to anti-kappa as well as hybridoma and heterologous anti-delta antibodies, but not to anti-mu, gamma, alpha, or lambda antibodies. Both myeloma proteins were purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and Staphylococcus aureus Protein A absorption. These IgD kappa myeloma proteins were used to prepare affinity purified rabbit antibodies to delta-chain and the TEPC-1017 and TEPC-1033 idiotypes. Native TEPC-1017 and TEPC-1033 both had mobilities between those of mouse IgA kappa dimers and trimers when analyzed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Both IgD myeloma proteins broke down under mild reducing conditions into subunits with electrophoretic mobilities slightly slower than those of an IgA kappa monomer. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of reduced TEPC-1017 and TEPC-1033 demonstrated kappa-chains and heavy chains that co-migrated with alpha chain. These data suggested that secreted IgD contains 2 delta 2 kappa 2 subunits that are linked by an easily reducible disulfide bond. The kappa-chains of IgD secreted by TEPC-1017 and TEPC-1033 have apparent m.w. of approximately 63,000 daltons, whereas the apparent m.w. of intracytoplasmic delta-chain, intracytoplasmic delta-chain synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin, and the cellfree translation product of TEPC-1017 delta-chain mRNA are 54,000, 43,000, and 44,000 daltons, respectively. This is compatible with the interpretation that the delta-chain peptide has a leader sequence and is N-glycosylated during or shortly after peptide synthesis and is glycosylated further shortly before IgD secretion.
Current concepts in clinical therapeutics: ischemic cerebrovascular disease. (1987)

The classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ischemic stroke) are reviewed, and the major drugs used in the prevention of this disease are discussed. Ischemic stroke is a major problem in terms of morbidity and mortality because of the high prevalence of atherosclerosis in the United States population. The pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia is multifactorial, beginning with an atherosclerotic plaque on the arterial wall that may result in stenosis or ulceration with subsequent thrombosis or embolization. Platelets may adhere to the exposed arterial wall endothelium, stimulating further platelet aggregation and accumulation of leukocytes and fibrin. Consequences of cerebral ischemia include transient ischemic attacks and brain infarcts. Diagnosis is based mainly on patient history and ancillary radiologic studies. Treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is primarily preventive, since the brain has limited capacity to recover neurologic function after an infarction. Transient ischemic attacks are treated with either antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, or surgery. Treatment of stroke is also preventive, although anticoagulation is sometimes used to prevent stroke progression. Agents that may reverse neurologic impairment following an acute stroke, such as prostacyclin, calcium-channel blockers, and opiate antagonists, are being investigated. Antiplatelet therapy is indicated in subsets of patients with cerebral vascular insufficiency. Anticoagulation therapy, if needed, should be given for only three to four months.