gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel PPARα agonist ameliorates insulin resistance in dogs fed a high-fat diet (2008)

Agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, a key regulator of lipid metabolism, leads to amelioration of lipid abnormalities in dyslipidemic patients. However, whether PPARalpha agonism is an effective form of therapy for obesity-related insulin resistance associated with lipid abnormalities is unclear. The present study investigated the effects of a potent and subtype-selective PPARalpha agonist, KRP-101, in a nonrodent insulin-resistant animal model under pair-fed conditions. Beagle dogs were fed a high-fat diet for 24 wk to induce insulin resistance. During the final 12 wk, 0.03 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) KRP-101 (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 5) was administered orally once a day. KRP-101 administration resulted in a significantly lower weight of overall visceral fat, which is associated with increased adiponectin and decreased leptin in serum. KRP-101 administration improved hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia in dogs fed a high-fat diet. Oral glucose tolerance test showed that KRP-101 administration improved glucose intolerance. The KRP-101 group showed a markedly lower hepatic triglyceride concentration. Lipid oxidation was increased in the liver and skeletal muscles of the KRP-101 group. These findings in the dog model suggest that the use of potent and subtype-selective PPARalpha agonists as a potentially relevant therapeutic approach to treat human insulin resistance associated with visceral obesity.
Datagram authentication in internet gateways: implications of fragmentation and dynamic routing (1989)

The implications of fragmentation and dynamic routing for datagram authentication at the gateway level are discussed. Two protocols are presented that permit varying degrees of fragmentation and dynamic routing, while allowing the gateways to authenticate successive packets belonging to authorized connections. The first adapts to changing paths and fragmentation by keeping state information on a per-packet basis, while the second restricts fragmentation but incurs little state overhead. The two methods vary in implementation complexity, overhead, number of extra packets sent, and host modification requirements. They were designed with different network characteristics in mind, and, since they are not mutually exclusive, both can be incorporated and used depending on the nature of communication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Value of Openness in Scientific Problem Solving (2007)

Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author.
Can Computer-aided Detection with Double Reading of Screening Mammograms Help Decrease the False-Negative Rate? Initial Experience (2004)

In this retrospective review of this small subset of cancers, it appears that CAD has the potential to decrease the FN rate at double reading by more than one-third (from 31% to 19%). The CAD system correctly marked 37 (71%) of 52 actionable findings read as negative in previous screening years.
Chelating Agents (2003)

Abstract Chelating agents or chelants are compounds having two or more donor atoms that can form cyclic coordination complexes or chelates with acceptor metals. The complexation is an equilibrium reaction that often strongly favors the complex. Chelating is used to modify or control the behavior of metals and their compounds by controlling the concentration of the metals in solution or to utilize the special properties of the chelation compounds. The active groups in chelants may be linear chains, eg, NCCN, macrocyclic rings, eg [OCC] n , or polycyclic structures, such as the cryptates, eg, X[CCYCC) n ] 3 Y, where X and Y are bridgehead and donor atoms, respectively. Some pH, stability, solubility, and electrochemical relationships among simultaneous equilibria in chelation are shown. A broad range of applications based on concentration control, the special properties, and medical uses of chelation compounds are given. Metal sequestration, solubilization, and buffering are discussed as are metal extraction, precipitation, and displacement. Economic data for industrial chelating agents are given. Use of chelating agents is essentially benign environmentally and presents little or no hazard to health or safety under normal conditions of use and handling.
Estimation <i>in vivo</i> of the chemical composition of the bodies of mature cows (1984)

ABSTRACT A number of possible indices of body composition (live weight, skeletal size, total body water as estimated by deuterium oxide dilution, blood and red cell volumes as estimated by Evans Blue dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eye-muscle area, and body condition scoring) was examined using 73 non-pregnant, non-lactating, mature cows of Hereford × Friesian, Blue-Grey, British Friesian, Galloway and Luing genotypes, ranging in body condition score from 0·75 to 4·5. Direct measurements of body composition in terms of water, fat, protein and ash were made following slaughter. Live weight, deuterium oxide dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eyemuscle area, and body condition score were all considered to be potentially useful predictors of body composition. Combinations of techniques offered better predictions than did any single index. Using a combination of measurements it was possible to predict body fat and protein with a residual s.d. of 13·1 kg and 3·15 kg respectively. Breed differences in the partition of fat among the main adipose tissue depots necessitated the development of specific prediction equations for body fat based on condition score and subcutaneous fat depth for different breeds. Equations remain to be developed for predicting body composition in cows in different physiological states.
42.1 <i>Invited Paper</i> : High Efficiency Phosphorescent AMOLEDs: The Path to Long Lifetime TVs (2011)

Abstract In this paper we present results of blue PHOLED technologies, and outline different AMOLED display architectures, comparing their performance and power consumption. Projected operating temperatures of AMOLED TVs are correlated to device lifetimes to show the lifetime enhancements enabled by the power savings of phosphorescent OLEDs. These results allow us to analyze compelling technology packages for OLED TVs.
Active Messages Implementations for the Meiko CS-2 (1995)

Active messages provide a low latency communication architecture which on modern parallel machines achieves more than an order of magnitude performance improvement over more traditional communication libraries. It is used by library and compiler writers to obtain the utmost performance and has been used to implement the novel parallel language Split-C. This paper discusses the experience we gained while implementing active messages on the Meiko CS-2, and discusses implementations for similar architectures. The CS-2 is an interesting experimental platform, as it resembles a cluster of Sparc workstations, each equipped with a dedicated communication co-processor. During our work we have identified two mismatches between the requirements of active message and the Meiko CS-2 architecture. First, architectures which only support efficient remote write operations (or DMA transfers as in the case of the CS-2) make it difficult to transfer both data and control as required by active messages. ...
Fetal tissue sampling. The San Francisco experience with 190 pregnancies. (1989)

Prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects was done using fetal blood sampling in 167 at-risk pregnancies, by fetal skin biopsy in 15 pregnancies, and by fetal liver biopsy in 8 pregnancies. Fetal blood sampling was done by fetoscopy through January 1985 and by sonographically directed percutaneous umbilical blood sampling since then. In our series, cytogenetics has become the major indication for fetal blood sampling, increasing from 6% of the cases with fetoscopy to 48% with umbilical blood sampling. Fetoscopy provided pure fetal blood in 61% of cases while umbilical blood sampling provided pure fetal blood 97% of the time. The corrected risk of fetal demise after percutaneous umbilical fetal blood sampling was 2% and after fetoscopy was 4%.
Event graph visualization for debugging large applications (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Event graph visualization for debugging large applications Authors: Dieter Kranzlmüller GUP Linz, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria/Europe GUP Linz, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria/EuropeView Profile , Siegfried Grabner GUP Linz, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria/Europe GUP Linz, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria/EuropeView Profile , Jens Volkert GUP Linz, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria/Europe GUP Linz, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria/EuropeView Profile Authors Info & Claims SPDT '96: Proceedings of the SIGMETRICS symposium on Parallel and distributed toolsJanuary 1996 Pages 108–117https://doi.org/10.1145/238020.238054Published:01 January 1996Publication History 27citation685DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations27Total Downloads685Last 12 Months40Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Distributed intelligent load management and control system (2012)

Demand response (DR) is becoming a key component of future smart grid that can reduce peak load and adapt elastic demand to fluctuating generations. While reducing energy bills for the participant, DR usually decreases its utility, which is different for distributed occupants inside a participating entity. A two-level distributed intelligent load management and control system is proposed in this paper to minimize the cost of the participant, where the cost is a measurement of disutility, considering differences across plug loads, with the load reduction constraint of a DR event. The control system contains a smart DR controller and distributed intelligent gateways. In the system, the cost function of a load is modeled to reflect the dissatisfaction of the occupant for switching off or dimming the load, and a two-level optimization method is deployed to minimize the participant's aggregated cost. Each intelligent gateway collects the cost functions of loads in the neighborhood of an occupant, generates its optimal cost function and sends to the smart DR controller. The smart DR controller utilizes those cost functions to allocate the load reduction among the gateways, which can then optimize the load reduction among loads for the distributed optimum. While the cost function of the loads can be modeled as either continuous or discrete functions based on the type of the load, Lagrange multipliers and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are utilized for optimization, respectively. This innovative method is implemented in a DR system of a building, and tests results show that the proposed distributed DR method is practical and promising.
Detection of single and clustered microcalcifications in mammograms using fractals models and neural networks (2004)

Microcalcifications (microCas) are often early signs of breast cancer. However, detecting them is a difficult visual task and recognizing malignant lesions is a complex diagnostic problem. In recent years, several research groups have been working to develop computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for X-ray mammography. In this paper, we propose a method to detect and classify microcalcifications. In order to discover the presence of microCas clusters, particular attention is paid to the analysis of the spatial arrangement of detected lesions. A fractal model has been used to describe the mammographic image, thus, allowing the use of a matched filtering stage to enhance microcalcifications against the background. A region growing algorithm, coupled with a neural classifier, detects existing lesions. Subsequently, a second fractal model is used to analyze their spatial arrangement so that the presence of microcalcification clusters can be detected and classified. Reported results indicate that fractal models provide an adequate framework for medical image processing; consequently high correct classification rates are achieved.
Inefficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of B‐Cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Preliminary results (1992)

Because extracorporeal photopheresis has been shown to be clinically effective in Sezary syndrome, a disease characterized by a circulating malignant clone, we initiated a pilot study of its use in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) to see if it could be similarly effective. We treated three patients with Rai stage III and IV B-CLL with photopheresis (3 consecutive days a week every 3 weeks) and followed serial clinical and immunologic parameters. While we noted no major toxicity, there was neither clinical response to treatment nor marked improvement in white counts or mitogen assays. We conclude that photopheresis was not effective in inducing remission in this pilot study of advanced stage B-CLL patients.
RAID: High-Performance, Reliable Secondary Storage (1994)

: Disk arrays were proposed in the 1980s as a way to use parallelism between multiple disks to improve aggregate I/O performance. Today they appear in the product lines of most major computer manufacturers. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of disk arrays and provides a framework in which to organize current and future work. The paper first introduces disk technology and reviews the driving forces that have popularized disk arrays: performance and reliability. It then discusses the two architectural techniques used in disk arrays: striping across multiple disks to improve performance and redundancy to improve reliability. Next, the paper describes seven disk array architectures, called RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) levels 0-6 and compares their performance, cost, and reliability. It goes on to discuss advanced research and implementation topics such as refining the basic RAID levels to improve performance and designing algorithms to maintain data consistency. Las...
Induction of a distinct CD8 Tnc17 subset by transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-6 (2007)

Cross-talk between TGF-beta and IL-6 has been shown to direct the differentiation of CD4(+) cells into special IL-17-secreting cells, which are termed Th17 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that TGF-beta and IL-6 could stimulate CD8(+) cells to differentiate into noncytotoxic, IL-17-producing cells in MLC. These IL-17-producing CD8(+) cells exhibit a unique granzyme B(-)IFN-gamma(-)IL-10(-) phenotype. The mRNA level of Th2/T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) transcription factors GATA3 and Th1/Tc1 transcription factors T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet) as well as its target H2.O-like homeobox (Hlx) is decreased in CD8(+) cells from TGF-beta- and IL-6-treated MLC. In addition, these CD8(+) cells display a marked up-regulation of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gammat, a key IL-17 transcription factor. These results demonstrate that the existence of an IL-17-producing CD8(+) subset belongs to neither the Tc1 nor the Tc2 subset and can be categorized as a T noncytotoxic 17 (Tnc17) subset.
<title>Motion-compensated wavelet transform coding for color video compression</title> (1991)

A video compression scheme based on the wavelet representation and multi-resolution motion estimation (MRME) is presented in this paper. The multiresolution/multifrequency nature of the discrete wavelet transform lends itself an ideal tool for representing images and video signals. Wavelet transform decomposes a video frame into a set of sub-frames with different resolutions corresponding to different frequency bands. These multiresolution frames also provide a representation of the global motion structure of the video signals at different scales. The motion activities for a particular sub-frame in different resolutions are hence highly correlated since they actually specify the same motion structure at different scales. In the MRMC described in Section 4, motion vectors in higher resolution are predicted by the motion vectors in the lower resolution, and are refined at each step. In particular, we propose a variable block-size MRMC scheme in which the size of a block is adapted to its level in the pyramid. This scheme not only considerably reduces the searching and matching time but also provides a meaningful characterization of the intrinsic motion structure. The variable-size MRMC approach also avoids the drawback of the constant-size MRMC in describing small object motion activities. After wavelet decomposition, each scaled wavelet tends to have different statistical properties. An adaptive truncation process similar to [CHEN 84] was implemented and a bit allocation scheme similar to that in the transform coding is examined by adapting to the local variance distribution in each scaled wavelet. Based on the wavelet representation, variable-size MRMC approach and a uniform quantization scheme, four variations of the proposed motion-compensated wavelet video compression system are presented in Section 6. It is shown that the motion-compensated wavelet transform coding approach out-performs the conventional transform coding scheme in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio as well as the subjective performance.
Gold Gettering in Directly Bonded Silicon Wafers (1989)

Gold gettering in directly bonded silicon wafers was investigated. Wafers of (100) orientation were rotationally misoriented against each other by 1° or 25° and bonded by annealing at 1100°C for 2 hours in nitrogen. Transmission electron micrographs had shown two different bonding interface structures depending on the rotational angle. The bonded wafers were gold-deposited on one side and annealed for 3 hours at 950°C or 1000°C in vacuum. The spreading resistance was measured and the result showed a double-U profile in both 1°-misoriented and 25°-misoriented samples. Our results show for the first time that the bonding interface acts as a gettering site and that the bonding interface might be used to artificially introduce gettering sites close to the regions in which devices would be fabricated.
Effects of Al Films on Ion-Implanted Si (1972)

Ion-implanted amorphous regions of Si in the presence of Al films 300–700 Å thick are found to recrystallize between 325 and 350°C. This recrystallization occurs at a temperature significantly below both the epitaxial regrowth of the amorphous Si (∼ 600°C) and the Al–Si eutectic of 577°C. In the case of the 300-Å metallizations, the enhanced low-temperature reordering of the damaged layer is simultaneously accompanied by an interfacial migration which results in Si transport to the surface of the sample. The observed phenomena are analyzed as a function of anneal temperature by 280-keV α-particle backscattering and 1.8–6.2-eV optical reflectance measurements.
<title>Design of a multisensor optical surface scanner</title> (1994)

A reconfigurable, optical, 3D scanning system with sub-second acquisition of human body surface data was designed and simulated. Sensor elements (digital cameras/light beam projectors) that meet resolution, accuracy, and speed requirements are included in the system design. The sensors are interfaced to video frame grabber(s) under computer control resulting in a modular, low cost system. System operation and data processing are performed using a desktop graphics workstation. Surface data collected with this system can be oversampled to improve resolution and accuracy (viewed by overlapping camera/projector pairs). Multi- resolution data can be collected for different surfaces simultaneously or separately. Modeling and calibration of this reconfigurable system are achieved via a robust optimal estimation technique. Reconstruction software that allows seamless merging of a range data from multiple sensors has been implemented. Laser scanners that acquire body surface range data using one or two sensors require several seconds for data collection. Surface digitization of inaminate objects is feasible with such devices, but their use in human surface metrology is limited due to motion artifacts and occluded surfaces. Use of multiple, independent active sensors providing rapid collection and multi-resolution data enable sampling of complex human surface morphology not otherwise practical. 3D facial surface data has provided accurate measurements used in facial/craniofacial plastic surgery and modern personal protective equipment systems. Whole body data obtained with this new system is applicable to human factors research, medical diagnosis/treatment, and industrial design.
An Operator Which Locates Edges in Digitized Pictures (1971)

Because of the fundamental importance of edges as primitives of pictures, automatic edge finding is set as goal. A set of requirements which should be met by a local edge recognizer is formulated. Their main concerns are fast and reliable recognition in the presence of noise. A unique optimal solution for an edge operator results. The operator obtains the best fit of an ideal edge element to any empirically obtained edge element. Proof of this is given. A reliability assessment accompanies every recognition process.
The Determination of the Förster Distance (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>) for Phenanthrene and Anthracene Derivatives in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films (2005)

Experiments that employ direct resonance energy transfer (DET) to obtain information about distances or domain sizes in polymer systems require independent information about the magnitude of the characteristic (Förster) energy transfer distance R(0). Values of R(0) are relatively straightforward to obtain by the traditional spectral overlap method (R(0)(SO)) for dyes in fluid solution, but are much more difficult to obtain for dyes in rigid polymer films. Here one can obtain a value for R(0) as a fitting parameter (R(0)(FF)) for donor fluorescence decay experiments for samples containing a random distribution of donor and acceptor dyes in the polymer film. In previous experiments from our group, we needed values of R(0) for various phenanthrene (Phe, donor) and anthracene (An, acceptor) derivatives. In this paper, we describe experiments which determine R(0) values by both methods for a series of Phe-An donor-acceptor pairs in poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene films. Both the location of substituents on the donor and acceptor as well as the choice of the medium had an effect on the measured R(0), which varied between 2.0 and 2.6 nm. We also ascertained that there is some unknown factor, also prevalent in the work of others, which results in the Förster radius being larger when determined by the Förster fit method than by the method of spectral overlap.