gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructure Fabrication by Electron-Beam-Induced Deposition with Metal Carbonyl Precursor and Water Vapor (2007)

Nanorod fabrication is performed by electron beam induced deposition (EBID) with iron carbonyl [Fe(CO)5] and tungsten carbonyl [W(CO)6] precursors. The effects of water vapor addition to each metal carbonyl on the microstructure and composition of the obtained nanorods are studied. Normally, EBID-fabricated metal nanorods consist of an amorphous phase containing a considerable amount of carbon. However, it is found that water vapor addition to iron carbonyl can effectively reduce the carbon content of the nanorods and induce the formation of carbon-free crystalline Fe3O4 nanorods with increasing partial pressure ratio of water vapor to iron carbonyl. In contrast, for tungsten carbonyl, water vapor addition has no obvious effect on carbon content reduction. The obtained nanorods consist of a carbon-rich amorphous matrix containing tungsten oxide nanocrystals inside.
Lactic acid–magnesium oxide nanocrystal interactions: how nanoparticle size and shape affect chemistry and template oligomerization (2009)

L-Lactic acid was allowed to react with small amounts of commercial MgO, Nanoactive®, and Nanoactive Magnesium Oxide Plus® particles, each of which differs in surface area, shape, and reactivity. The reactions were carried out by refluxing the nanoparticles in a solvent suspension of methanol or propanol. Upon addition of the lactic acid monomer, at reflux temperature, two reactions competed with each other: (1) acid–base to yield magnesium lactate salt, and (2) oligomerization to yield a nanocomposite prepolymer. The products were characterized for thermal, chemical, and morphological properties. Additionally, titrations were performed to determine how much MgO was consumed by the acid, and how this changed with nanoparticle size and shape. Polymerization appears to initiate on the surface of the magnesium oxide particles, the results of which are physically unique composites of lactic acid and magnesium oxide, and final properties depend on MgO nanoparticle characteristics. One of the most interesting results was the finding that larger, less reactive MgO favored the acid–base neutralization reaction, while smaller, more reactive MgO particles favored the MgO induced oligomerization pathway.
Recommendations for Bioequivalence Testing of Cyclosporine Generics Revisited (2000)

The immunosuppressant cyclosporine is generally considered a critical-dose drug. The validity of standard criteria to establish bioequivalence between cyclosporine formulations has recently been challenged. Recommendations included establishment of individual bioequivalence rather than average bioequivalence, establishment of bioequivalence in transplant patients and in subgroups known to be poor absorbers, as well as long-term efficacy and safety studies in transplant patients. However, at the moment individual bioequivalence is a theoretical concept, the practical benefits of which have not statistically been proven. The proposed patient pharmacodynamic studies can be expected to require an unrealistically high number of subjects to achieve sufficient statistical power. It is well established that the common practice of blood-concentration-guided dosing of cyclosporine efficiently compensates for interindividual and intraindividual variability and allows for safely switching cyclosporine formulations as bioinequivalent as Sandimmune and Neoral. Recent studies comparing the generic cyclosporine formulation SangCya with Neoral, including individual bioequivalence, bioequivalence in transplant patients, and long-term safety after switching from Sandimmune to SangCya, confirmed that it was valid to conclude bioequivalence of both cyclosporine formulations based on standard average bioequivalence criteria. Present FDA guidelines for approving bioequivalence can be considered adequate and sufficient for generic cyclosporine formulations.
Phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography—limitations and improvements (2008)

We describe how the simple phase difference averaging causes a systematic bias in the velocity estimation obtained by phase-resolved Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FdOCT). The magnitude of this bias depends on the signal-to-noise ratio as well as proximity of the measured velocity to the limits of the velocity range. We demonstrate the proper way of data processing, which enables obtaining velocity values free of this error. We validate the improved technique by measurements of flow velocity in glass capillaries, in human retinal vessels, and we compare the results with those obtained by standard phase-resolved FdOCT.
Autocrine TGF-?-regulated expression of adhesion receptors and integrin-linked kinase in HT-144 melanoma cells correlates with their metastatic phenotype (1999)

We have previously shown that 2 human melanoma cell lines, the metastatic HT-144 and the non-metastatic SK-Mel-2 cells, exhibit marked in vitro heterogeneity with respect to integrin expression, migration and invasion potential. Here, we provide evidence that HT-144 melanoma cells, but not SK-Mel-2 cells, undergo a reversible transition to a fibroblastoid morphology following treatment with either their own serum-free acidified conditioned medium or biologically active exogenous TGF-beta1, thus identifying TGF-beta as an autocrine regulator of the spindle shape morphology of HT-144 melanoma cells. The fibroblastoid phenotype correlated with up-regulated beta1 and beta3 integrin and down-regulated E-cadherin expression, as shown by flow cytometry, Western blot and RT-PCR, as well as up-regulated expression of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9, as demonstrated by zymography. Our data further illustrate the TGF-beta1-dependent up-regulation of integrin-linked kinase and the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, 2 intracellular proteins involved in integrin and cadherin signaling.
eWellness: Building a Smart Hospital by Leveraging RFID Networks (2005)

The application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor networks pervasively to the hospital environment has the potential to improve efficiencies in operational aspects through accurate capture of fine grained data. The sensor nodes generate large amounts of real or near real-time data. Understanding and managing these data in the context of the hospital pose challenges for the middleware which has to connect sensor networks with hospital applications. In this paper we propose an edgeware paradigm of organizing hospital RFID sensor data based on the notion of an event. The event is defined and its properties are discussed. A three layered event representation and reasoning model is developed to map raw sensory information to semantic events in the application domains. A prototype system, called eWellness is build for the test of the local hospital.
A novel synthetic route for magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) nanoparticles using sol–gel auto combustion method and their photocatalytic properties (2014)

In this paper a novel and inexpensive route for the preparation of spinel magnesium aluminate nanoparticles (MgAl2O4) is proposed. Magnesium aluminate photocatalyst was synthesized via sol-gel auto combustion method using oxalic acid, urea, and citric acid fuels at 350°C. Subsequently, the burnt samples were calcined at different temperatures. The pure spinel MgAl2O4 with average crystallite size 27.7, 14.6 and 15.65nm was obtained at 800°C calcinations using the aforementioned fuels, respectively. The obtained samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope. The photo catalytic activity of MgAl2O4 product was studied by performing the decomposition of Reactive Red Me 4BL dye under UV illumination or sunlight irradiation. The dye considerably photocatalytically degraded by 90.0% and 95.45% under UV and sunlight irradiation, respectively, within ca. 5h with pseudo first order rate constants of 5.85×10(-3) and 8.38×10(-3)min(-1), respectively.
Stimulation and inhibition of uveal melanoma invasion by HGF, GRO, IL-1alpha and TGF-beta. (2002)

The primary site of metastasis in patients with uveal melanoma is the liver. For the degree of site specificity commonly seen, regulators involved in the process may be expressed at the secondary sites, promoting adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation of tumor cells. HGF, GRO, MIP-1beta, IL-1alpha, TGF-beta1, and TGF-beta2 may play a significant role in regulating invasion of uveal melanoma cells.
LOMARC: Lookahead Matchmaking for Multiresource Coscheduling on Hyperthreaded CPUs (2006)

Job scheduling typically focuses on the CPU with little work existing to include I/O or memory. Time-shared execution provides the chance to hide I/O and long-communication latencies though potentially creating a memory conflict. Hyperthreaded CPUs support coscheduling without any context switches and provide additional options for CPU-internal resource sharing. We present an approach that includes all possible resources into the schedule optimization and improves utilization by coscheduling two jobs if feasible. Our LOMARC approach partially reorders the queue by lookahead to increase the potential to find good matches. In simulations based on the workload model of Lublin and Feitelson, we have obtained improvements between 30 percent and 50 percent in both response times and relative bounded response times on hyperthreaded CPUs (i.e., cut times to two third or to half)
Ultrastructural localization of Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (purple acid phosphatase) activity in chicken cartilage and bone (1991)

Tartrate-resistant acid adenosine triphosphatase activity at pH 6.5, using a lead-salt method, was localized at light and electron microscopic levels in cartilage and bone matrices, osteoclasts, and chondroclasts. Cartilage matrix staining occurred after vascular invasion of the growth plate. In osteoclasts, activity was present in lysosomes, extracellular ruffled border channels, and the underlying cartilage and bone matrices. Staining artifacts occurred at lower pH levels (pH 5.4, 5.0). Adenosine diphosphate, p-nitrophenylphosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate, and alpha-naphthylphosphate also acted as substrates; but no activity was observed when adenosine monophosphate, adenylate-(beta, gamma-methylene) diphosphate, and beta-glycerophosphate were used. The activity was inhibited by NaF, dithionite, and a high concentration of p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, and activated by simultaneous addition of FeCl2 and ascorbic acid, as has been shown in biochemical studies. These histochemical results support the view that the adenosine triphosphate hydrolyzing activity at pH 6.5 is due to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). There were some differences in ultrastructural localization between TRAP and tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase (TSAP) activities in osteoclasts: TSAP activity was more intense in lysosomes and Golgi complexes and TRAP was stronger in the cartilage and bone matrices. It is suggested, therefore, that most of TRAP is in an inactive form in cells and is activated when secreted.
The Lighthouse Location System for Smart Dust (2003)

Article The Lighthouse Location System for Smart Dust Author: Kay Römer View Profile Authors Info & Claims MobiSys '03: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems, applications and servicesMay 2003 Pages 15–30https://doi.org/10.1145/1066116.1189036Published:05 May 2003Publication History 88citation690DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations88Total Downloads690Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Bit-Stuffing in 802. 11 Beacon Frame: Embedding Non-Standard Custom Information (2013)

In an infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) beacon frames are transmitted periodically by the Access Point (AP) and announce the presence of a wireless network. It mainly consists of network specific information and thus one of its main purposes is the "advertisement" of this information. Based on this information mobile devices can take many decisions, for example, whether to attempt association with the network or not. To facilitate the communication between devices developed by different vendors, IEEE 802.11 standardizes the arrangement of this information in beacon frames. Often it is required to embed non-standard vendor/network specific additional information in the beacon frame. In this paper we show that without disturbing the arrangement of information as per the standard, how the IEEE 802.11-2012 compatible beacon frames can be overloaded with additional non-standard information. Moreover, the 802.11 standard limits the maximum size of the beacon frame. In this perspective we also show that how to send large amount of information in multiple successive beacon frames using the already implemented concept of fragmentation and sequence numbers. The proposed technique is flexible in terms of fields used for embedding the information and maximizes the number of additional non-standard information octets per beacon. The results of its implementation in ns-3 simulator are also shown.
67. The preparation and reactions of aliphatic and alicyclic ethylene sulphides (1949)

C. C. J. Culvenor, W. Davies and N. S. Heath, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 282 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490000282
Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling abrogates apoptosis in squamous cell carcinogenesis<i>in vivo</i> (2000)

Field cancerization predisposes the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa to the formation of multiple primary tumors, when exposed to environmental carcinogens. Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor occurs early in squamous cell carcinogenesis and is critical for the loss of growth control in a variety of human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. In these tumor cells in culture, epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation initiates signaling via persistent activation of selective STAT proteins. To determine the timing of Stat3 activation in head and neck carcinogenesis, we studied the expression and constitutive activation of Stat3 in tumors and normal mucosa from patients with head and neck cancer compared with mucosa from controls without cancer. Stat3 was up-regulated and constitutively activated in both primary human head and neck tumors as well as in normal mucosa from these cancer patients compared with control normal mucosa from patients without cancer. In vivo liposome-mediated gene therapy with a Stat3 antisense plasmid efficiently inhibited Stat3 activation, increased tumor cell apoptosis, and decreased Bcl-x(L) expression in a head and neck xenograft model. These findings provide evidence that constitutively activated Stat3 is an early event in head and neck carcinogenesis that contributes to the loss of growth control by an anti-apoptotic mechanism.
Life stresses of the free Black community as represented by the First African Baptist Church, Philadelphia, 1823–1841 (1987)

The congregation of the Reverend Henry Simmons (First African Baptist Church at 8th & Vine, Philadelphia) from 1823 to 1841 used a cemetery rediscovered through subway expansion which was carefully excavated by M. Parrington and S. Pinter in 1983-1984; currently 75 adults were available for study. As an overall health indicator, longevity at 38.9 years (N = 39) female and 44.8 (N = 36) male indicates more stress on females. Probable causes of stress are inadequate nutrition for the performance of arduous labor, pregnancy, and childrearing, unsanitary living conditions, limited exposure to sun, and extensive exposure to infectious diseases. Nutritional indicators of stature, dental lesions, skull base height, and pelvic brim index scarcely advance over 1790-1820 Catoctin Furnace, Maryland, slaves' indicators. Disease evidence includes limb-distorting rickets in one child who died at age 8, anemia, and arthritis; but the incidence of arthritis was less than at Catoctin. Genetic traits are chiefly African. Family links show in details: os acromiale in about 30%. This plus less violence (fewer fractures) suggests community strength developing.
Cut Slope Design and Landslides (1962)

The improvement of California's highway system to meet modern standards of grade and alignment frequently forces the line into deep cuts or high fills. The sites of proposed cuts are studied carefully, and when feasible soil borings or core drill holes are made. Designs of cut slopes in the California highway system are developed on the basis of soil mechanics, geological studies, laboratory tests, experience, and judgment. An effort is made to avoid serious slides; but the variable nature of most earth and weathered rock formations often leads to slim margins of safety in cut slope design. As a consequence, failures sometimes do occur. This report describes several important cuts that have been required in the past few years for the construction of California highways. They represent a wide range in conditions and performance and emphasize the difficult problems that must be faced by highway designers and builders.
Enzyme Studies with New Analogues of Folic Acid and Homofolic Acid (1967)

Many new analogues of dihydrofolate and dihydrohomofolate have been synthesizedand tested as substrates of dihydrofolate reductase.
Design and Characteristics of InGaAsDnP Composite-Channel HFET' s (1995)

A design for composite-channel structures consisting of an InGaAs channel and an InP subchannel for use as het- erostructure field-effect transistors is presented for the first time. This novel channel structure takes advantage of both the high drift velocity and low impact ionization of InP at high electric fields as well as the high electron mobility of InGaAs at low electric fields. It is shown that the doping density of the InP subchannel is the key parameter to realize the advantages of the composite channel. A very high transconductance of 1.29 S/mm and a current gain cutoff frequency of 68.7 GHz are achieved with 0.6- and 0.7-pm gates, respectively. The average velocity of electrons in the composite channel is 2.9 x lo' cds. The devices have no kink phenomena in their I-V characteristics possibly due to low impact ionization in the InP subchannel.
Synthesis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from a Variety of Italian Cheeses (2007)

The concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 22 Italian cheese varieties that differ in several technological traits markedly varied from 0.26 to 391 mg kg(-1). Presumptive lactic acid bacteria were isolated from each cheese variety (total of 440 isolates) and screened for the capacity to synthesize GABA. Only 61 isolates showed this activity and were identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Twelve species were found. Lactobacillus paracasei PF6, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PR1, Lactococcus lactis PU1, Lactobacillus plantarum C48, and Lactobacillus brevis PM17 were the best GABA-producing strains during fermentation of reconstituted skimmed milk. Except for L. plantarum C48, all these strains were isolated from cheeses with the highest concentrations of GABA. A core fragment of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) DNA was isolated from L. paracasei PF6, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PR1, L. lactis PU1, and L. plantarum C48 by using primers based on two highly conserved regions of GAD. A PCR product of ca. 540 bp was found for all the strains. The amino acid sequences deduced from nucleotide sequence analysis showed 98, 99, 90, and 85% identity to GadB of L. plantarum WCFS1 for L. paracasei PF6, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PR1, L. lactis PU1, and L. plantarum C48, respectively. Except for L. lactis PU1, the three lactobacillus strains survived and synthesized GABA under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The findings of this study provide a potential basis for exploiting selected cheese-related lactobacilli to develop health-promoting dairy products enriched in GABA.
Kindling Fluorescent Protein from<i>Anemonia sulcata</i>:  Dark-State Structure at 1.38 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (2005)

When the nonfluorescent chromoprotein asFP595 from Anemonia sulcata is subjected to sufficiently intense illumination near the absorbance maximum (lambda(abs)(max) = 568 nm), it undergoes a remarkable transition, termed "kindling", to a long-lived fluorescent state (lambda(em)(max) = 595 nm). In the dark recovery phase, the kindled state relaxes thermally on a time scale of seconds or can instantly be reverted upon illumination at 450 nm. The kindling phenomenon is enhanced by the Ala143 --> Gly point mutation, which slows the dark recovery time constant to 100 s at room temperature and increases the fluorescence quantum yield. To investigate the chemical nature of the chromophore and the possible role of chromophore isomerization in the kindling phenomenon, we determined the crystal structure of the "kindling fluorescent protein" asFP595-A143G (KFP) in the dark-adapted state at 1.38 A resolution and 100 K. The chromophore, derived from the Met63-Tyr64-Gly65 tripeptide, closely resembles that of the nonfluorescent chromoprotein Rtms5 in that the configuration is trans about the methylene bridge and there is substantial distortion from planarity. Unlike in Rtms5, in the native protein the polypeptide backbone is cleaved between Cys62 and Met63. The size and shape of the chromophore pocket suggest that the cis isomer of the chromophore could also be accommodated. Within the pocket, partially disordered His197 displays two conformations, which may constitute a binary switch that stabilizes different chromophore configurations. The energy barrier for thermal relaxation was found by Arrhenius plot analysis to be approximately 71 kJ/mol, somewhat higher than the value of approximately 55 kJ/mol observed for cis-trans isomerization of a model chromophore in solution.
Intrinsic photoaffinity labeling probes for cholecystokinin (CCK)-gastrin family receptors. D-Tyr-Gly-[Nle28,31,pNO2-Phe33)CCK-26-33). (1988)

Attempts to biochemically characterize the pancreatic cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor by affinity labeling have utilized either 125I-Bolton-Hunter-CCK-33 ("long" probes) or decapeptide analogues of the carboxyl terminus of CCK ("short" probes), and covalent attachment via the amino-terminal regions of these probes. The long probe has identified a protein of Mr = 80,000 while "shorter" probes, which have their site of cross-linking closer to the receptor binding region of the probes, have labeled a distinct protein of Mr = 85,000-95,000. To extend and complement these observations, we have designed and synthesized a new probe for the CCK receptor which incorporates a photolabile p-nitrophenylalanine moiety within the theoretical receptor-binding region of the hormone, as its carboxyl-terminal residue. This "intrinsic" photoaffinity labeling probe has been shown to possess full biological activity, with potency and efficacy in stimulating amylase secretion by dispersed rat pancreatic acini similar to that of CCK-8 (CCK-26-33). When iodinated oxidatively, this probe binds rapidly, in a temperature-dependent, reversible, saturable, specific, high affinity manner to enriched pancreatic plasma membranes. In this work, we have used this probe to specifically label the CCK binding site on rat pancreatic plasma membranes. The Mr = 85,000-95,000 protein previously identified with amino-terminal cross-linking of short probes appears to be the protein labeled with this reagent as well. This provides strong evidence that this pancreatic plasma membrane protein contains the CCK-binding domain of the CCK receptor. This intrinsic photoaffinity labeling probe should be quite useful for the characterization of the active site of this receptor and for other CCK and gastrin receptors in many species.