gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cells from bovine adrenal medulla develop capillary-like growth patterns in culture. (1985)

The endocrine barrier between chromaffin cells and the blood stream in the adrenal medulla is made of capillary endothelial cells. We have now succeeded in isolating endothelial cells from adrenal medullary tissue, which are probably derived from this barrier. These cells grow on plastic surfaces in the absence of special growth factors or collagen overlays and differentiate into organized structures quite similar to true capillaries. The cells contain factor VIII:R, a marker for endothelial cells, and form intercellular junctions characteristic of capillary endothelial cells. They also synthesize and secrete basal lamina structures and engage in transcytosis, a characteristic ultrastructural and functional combination of exocytosis and endocytosis across the thin endothelial cell processes. These endothelial cells can take up and deaminate catecholamines by A-type monoamine oxidase, an enzyme functionally distinct from the B-type monoamine oxidase found in chromaffin cells. These data indicate that the chromaffin cell and its endothelial cell neighbor may constitute the functional unit of catecholamine metabolism in the adrenal medulla.
Oral Azithromycin for Treatment of Intractable Rosacea (2011)

Rosacea is a common chronic cutaneous disorder that primarily occurs on the convex surfaces of the central face and is often characterized by exacerbations and remissions. A case of a 52-yr-old woman visited our clinic in February 2008 complaining typical features of rosacea including multiple pinhead to rice-sized erythematous papules. We applied various conventional treatments including topical benzoyl peroxide and metronidazole as well as oral metronidazole, isotretinoin, and doxycycline. The lesions were not controlled but were rather aggravated by complications from these treatments. Therefore, we prescribed oral azithromycin, which has anti-inflammatory effects and reduces reactive oxygen species. Ten weeks after the administration of oral azithromycin, 500 mg per day for 2 weeks, the lesions had mostly disappeared and no specific side effects related to the azithromycin were noted. Oral azithromycin dosing 500 mg/day for 2 weeks is effective for treatment of intractable rosacea.
Dual‐plate OLED display (DOD) based on amorphous‐silicon (a‐Si) TFT backplane (2009)

Abstract— An improved AMOLED with an a‐Si TFT backplane based on a unique structure is reported. The new structure is refered to as a dual‐plate OLED display (DOD). While a top‐emission OLED array is directly fabricated on a TFT backplane, the DOD consists of an upper OLED substrate and a lower TFT substrate, which are independently fabricated. Because the OLED substrate, which is fabricated through the process flow of bottom emission, is attached to the TFT substrate, the light is emitted in the opposite direction to the TFT backplane. The DOD enables the design of large‐sized TFTs and a complicated pixel circuit. It can also not only achieve higher uniformity in luminance in large‐sized displays due to the low electrical resistance of the common electrode, but also wider viewing angles.
Ro 09-2210 Exhibits Potent Anti-proliferative Effects on Activated T Cells by Selectively Blocking MKK Activity (1998)

By using high throughput screening of microbial broths, we have identified a compound, designated Ro 09-2210, which is able to block anti-CD3 induced peripheral blood T cell activation with an IC50 = 40 nM. Ro 09-2210 was also able to block antigen-induced IL-2 secretion with an IC50 = 30 nM, but was considerably less potent at blocking Ca2+ flux stimulated by anti-CD3 treatment. To determine the mechanism of action of Ro 09-2210, we set up a transient expression system in Jurkat T cells using a variety of reporter gene constructs and showed effective inhibition of phorbol ester/ionomycin-induced NF-AT activation and anti-CD3 induced NF-AT with IC50 = 7.7 and 10 nM, respectively. Ro 09-2210 was also able to inhibit phorbol ester/ionomycin-induced activation of AP1 with IC50 = <10 nM. We further showed that Ro 09-2210 was unable to inhibit c-jun induced expression of AP1-dependent reporter constructs (IC50 > 500 nM), but was able to potently inhibit ras-induced AP1 activation (IC50 = 20 nM). This suggested that Ro 09-2210 was inhibiting an activator of AP-1 which was upstream of c-jun and downstream of ras signaling. To investigate further, we then purified a number of different kinases, including PKC, PhK, ZAP-70, ERK, and MEK 1 (a MKK), and showed that Ro 09-2210 was a selective inhibitor of MEK1 in vitro (IC50 = 59 nM).
SCOOPY-Reaktionen: Stereoselektivität der Allyl-alkohol-Synthese via Betain-Ylide (1971)

The stereoselectivity of the SCOOPY reaction, in which allyl alc. derivs. are prepd. by reaction of betaine ylides with carbonyl compds., was investigated by the synthesis of 1-hydroxy-2-octene (I), and 1-hydroxymethyl-2-octene (II) from Ph3P+-CH2 and Ph3P+-CHMe, resp., using HCHO and octanal. Treatment of III with HCHO in the presence of LiBr followed by treatment with n-C5H11CHO gave 10% I having a 97:3 cis-trans ratio. A 36% yield of II with a 30:70 cis-trans ratio was obtained by treating III with n-C5H11CHO and then with HCHO. Treatment of Ph3P+-CHMe with n-C5H11CHO and then with HCHO gave 71% II with a 99.3:0.7 cis-trans ratio, while treatment with HCHO and then with n-C5H11CHO gave 48% II with a 36:64 ratio. [on SciFinder (R)]
A Request to the High Court: Don't Let the Patent Laws be Distracted by a Flashy Trade Dress, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 323 (1997) (1997)

The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, in Vornado Air Circulation Systems Inc. v. Duracraft Corp., held in the negative the issue of "whether a product configuration is entitled to trade dress protection when it is or has been a significant inventive component of an invention covered by a utility patent." The court viewed the case involved as an issue of the "intersection of the Patent Act and the Lanham Trade-Mark Act," and reasoned that "patent policy dictates" that the Patent Act should prevail in these situations. The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari upon appeal by Vornado. The Internet and the development of increasingly sophisticated information-related technology will generate a plethora of intellectual property conflicts in the next century. Although the Supreme Court denied certiorari in Vornado, the Court will eventually have to rule on a Vornado-related issue. The clear disagreement among the federal circuits concerning this issue further necessitates a resolution by the Supreme Court. Analysis of the Supreme Court precedents on patent, trademark and unfair competition dispute cases illustrates that those precedents are strongly consistent with the Tenth Circuit's holding in Vornado. Therefore, the Supreme Court would likely agree with both the result and reasoning of the Tenth Circuit in Vornado. This would preclude all federal trade dress protection for any product configurations, which are or have been significant inventive components of inventions covered by utility patents.
Potassium, Magnesium, and Electrolyte Imbalance and Complications in Disease Management (2005)

Electrolyte balance is a critical issue in managing comorbid conditions in both diseased and elderly patients. Patients with hypertension and diabetes need careful regulation of their calcium and magnesium levels, whereas in patients with congestive heart failure, sodium and potassium levels also are critical. Herein we report the outcome of a round table discussion at which issues of renal magnesium clearance, magnesium and arrhythmic risk, ion balance in heart failure, diabetes, ischemic stress, oxidative stress in the cardiomyopathy of magnesium deficiency, roles of magnesium and potassium in bone metabolism and the aging population, and the role of electrolyte balance in hypertension have been discussed. In all these issues the maintaining homeostasis of potassium and magnesium is critical and the various therapies that impact on retaining these ions were discussed. Hallmark studies, i.e., Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial and Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction, have provided insight into treatment of patients with cardiovascular and progressive heart failure. These studies and the availability of potassium- and magnesium-sparing diuretics for use in these disorders provide relevant perspectives for treatment.
NorM of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> Is an Na <sup>+</sup> -Driven Multidrug Efflux Pump (2000)

NorM of Vibrio parahaemolyticus apparently is a new type of multidrug efflux protein, with no significant sequence similarity to any known transport proteins. Based on the following experimental results, we conclude that NorM is an Na(+)-driven Na(+)/drug antiporter. (i) Energy-dependent ethidium efflux from cells possessing NorM was observed in the presence of Na(+) but not of K(+). (ii) An artificially imposed, inwardly directed Na(+) gradient elicited ethidium efflux from cells. (iii) The addition of ethidium to cells loaded with Na(+) elicited Na(+) efflux. Thus, NorM is an Na(+)/drug antiporting multidrug efflux pump, the first to be found in the biological world. Judging from the similarity of the NorM sequence to those of putative proteins in sequence databases, it seems that Na(+)/drug antiporters are present not only in V. parahaemolyticus but also in a wide range of other organisms.
Providing Utility-Optimal Throughput Guarantees in Wireless LANs (2015)

With the pervasive use of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (LANs), increasingly more application flows with different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements will be deployed therein, e.g., home multimedia. This paper is concerned with providing utility-optimal throughput guarantees when diverse application flows share the limited bandwidth. Our proposal provides the absolute throughput guarantees for inelastic flows (such as Internet Protocol television) and the proportional throughput guarantees for elastic flows (such as text message) while maximizing the entire system bandwidth utilization. To this end, we first establish a general theoretical framework on the utility-optimal problem. We then present the exact and approximate solutions and prove the existence and uniqueness of the approximate solution. Finally, extensive simulations are performed, which validate that the approximate solution can well achieve the desired objectives.
Urine immunoreactive thromboxane B2 in rat cardiac allograft rejection. (1985)

Increases in urinary excretion of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (i-TXB2), the stable break-down product of thromboxane A2, have been described in kidney allograft rejection in patients. We investigated these findings by monitoring daily urine i-TXB2 excretion in a heterotopic cardiac allograft rat model using Lewis rats as recipients. In order to obtain differences in allograft survival, a donor was used that was either ACI or LewisxBrown Norway F1 (LxB-NF1). The ACI-to-Lewis model rejected on day 6.2 +/- 0.2 (n = 6). The LxB-NF1-to-Lewis model received, in addition, azathioprine (5 mg/kg/daily) and rejected on day 9.1 +/- 0.8 (n = 9). Urinary i-TXB2 excretion increased significantly in both groups, compared with i-TXB2 values measured following sham surgery or isograft transplantation. Thus increases in urinary i-TXB2 appear to be associated with cardiac allograft rejection.
The Expression of Carbohydrate Antigens in Activated T Cells and in Autoimmune Diseases (1994)

Cell surface carbohydrate antigens have been implicated in cell differentiation and maturation and may play a role in immunoregulation. The expression of carbohydrates in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied by double immunofluorescence flow cytometry, using MoAbs CT1 and CT2 but only a small proportion of cells bound these MoAbs. MoAbs CT1, CT2 and the lectin vicia villosa (VV) which share specificity for Gal NAc were then used to examine lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Behcet's disease (BD) and IgA nephropathy. A significant increase in MoAbs CT1 CT2 and VV binding CD4 or CD8 cells was found only with lymphocytes from patients with SLE. However, MoAbs CT or VV binding lymphocytes from healthy subjects were significantly up-regulated by activation with a mitogen (PHA), cross-linked anti-CD3 MoAb or a common antigen (65kDa heat shock protein), suggesting that an increased proportion of T cells expressing these carbohydrates results from any of the three types of lymphocyte activating agents. Inhibition studies were then carried out to determine the relationship between the MoAbs CT1 and CT2, VV and GalNAc. Indeed, VV binding to T cells was significantly inhibited by either MoAbs CT1 or CT2, or GalNAc but not GlucNAc, suggesting that VV shares a common binding site with MoAb CT and that GalNAc may constitute one of the sugar receptors. Investigations of lymphocytes from adult peripheral blood in health and disease suggest that carbohydrate antigens may play a role in activation and immunoregulation.
Do Inert β-Lactamase Inhibitors Act as Synergizers of β-Lactam Antibiotics? Utility of Boric and Boronic Acids (1989)

Boric and boronic acids were used as inhibitors of beta-lactamases produced by two Citrobacter diversus strains and by one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; all strains were clinical isolates. The beta-lactamases produced by the two Citrobacter diversus strains were inhibited by both borates and boronates, using cephazolin as substrate. The enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited only by boronates, using benzylpenicillin as substrate. These inhibitors were also used in combination with selected beta-lactams so as to determine if a synergism of antimicrobial activity occurred. All data reported in the present paper indicate that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were lowered in the presence of these inhibitors for the two Citrobacter diversus strains. In the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains the MIC values were not significantly altered, thus indicating the presence of a permeability barrier for 3-aminophenylboronic acid.
On optical burst switching and self-similar traffic (2000)

In this letter we consider burst switching for very high speed routing in the next generation Internet backbone. In this scenario, Internet protocol (IP) packets to a given destination are collected in bursts at the network edges. We propose a burst assembly mechanism that can reduce the traffic autocorrelation or degree of self-similarity, and at the same time keep the delay due to burst formation limited at the network edges.
Potential of kefir as a dietetic beverage – a review (2007)

Purpose Kefir, the self‐carbonated beverage, possesses nutritional attributes due to its content of vitamins, protein and minerals and therapeutic attributes contributed by its antibacterial spectrum, gastro‐intestinal proliferation, hypocholesterolemic effect, anti carcinogenic effect, L(+) lactic acid content, β ‐galactosidase activity and bacterial colonization. Inclusion of kefir in the diet as a dietetic beverage may confer nutritional and therapeutic advantages to the consumers. Design/methodology/approach By reviewing the literature the chemical, microbiological, nutritional and therapeutic characteristics of kefir have been highlighted to justify its consumption as a dietary beverage. Findings Kefir grains, kefir starter and kefir beverage vary considerably in microflora of bacterial and yeasts. The nutritional attributes of kefir are due to its chemical ingredients such as vitamins, protein and minerals and fermentation induces further enhancement in its nutritional profiles. Kefir exhibits varied therapeutic attributes due to possession of different therapeutic components. Kefir can be recommended for consumption by normal and sick adults as well as infants as a dietetic beverage. Originality/value Due to various nutritional and therapeutic attributes of kefir, it may occupy an important place in the diet of those consumers inclined towards dietetic foods.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF 5′‐O‐TRIPHOSPHORYLADENYLYL‐(2′ → 5′)‐ADENYLYL‐(2′ → 5′)‐ADENOSINE (2‐5A) (1980)

Abstract Bei Inkubation der Extrakte von mit Interferon behandelten Zellen oder von Kaninchenretikulozyten mit doppelsträngigen Ribonucleinsäuren und Adenosin‐5′ triphosphat bildet sich das Titelnucleotid (VIIIh), das inhibitorische Aktivität auf die Proteinsynthese in zellfreien Systemen besitzt.
Combating Infectious Diseases through Multivalent Design (2002)

Many biological interactions are multivalent, linking two particles via many copies of the same ligand-receptor binding pair. Examples of multivalent binding range from cell-cell adhesion to the assembly of large protein complexes from constituent multimers to the binding of AB5 bacterial toxins at the cell surface. Multivalent interactions can be effectively mimicked, inhibited, or disrupted through the design of suitable multivalent ligands. We review here recent work on multivalent ligand design based on a number of different chemical scaffolds, with a specific emphasis on the use of structure-based ligand design to target multimeric bacterial toxins.
Alternative mechanism of protein A-immunoglobulin interaction the V<i>H</i>-associated reactivity of a monoclonal human IgM. (1985)

The immunoglobulin site(s) that mediates the alternative mechanism of interaction between immunoglobulins and staphylococcal protein A (SpA) was studied by using a monoclonal human IgM. Several IgM fragments were tested for their inhibitory effect in a competitive binding assay of 125I-IgM to SpA. Only those fragments containing Fab mu pieces showed some inhibitory activity. The reactivity of the Fab mu region was retained in some of its subfragments, such as Fv or the VH domain, unlike isolated light chains or VL domains. Furthermore, antibodies specific for the VH domain completely inhibited the SpA-IgM interaction. These results indicate that the alternative SpA-binding site of IgM is located in VH regions.
High-Surface-Area Three-Dimensional Biofuel Cell Electrode Using Redox-Polymer-Grafted Carbon (2006)

A novel biofuel cell electrode has been developed using surface-modified carbon to obtain high current density. Until now, the amount of enzyme effectively used in electrode reactions has been restricted as a result of electron conduction via a redox polymer, which shuttles electrons from the enzyme to the electrode. In the novel electrode described herein, conduction of electrons was divided between a redox polymer and carbon, and thus, the electron conduction distance in the redox polymer was decreased. The redox polymer was chemically immobilized onto a carbon black surface using a graft polymerization method. Using this modified carbon black, a three-dimensional carbon electrode containing the enzymes was fabricated. The electrode was employed as a glucose-oxidizing anode, using glucose oxidase as the enzyme and a poly(vinylferrocene-co-acrylamide) as the redox polymer. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the glucose was electro-oxidized at a rate of 3 mA/cm2 at 0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl in a quiescent solution.
Design and development of a high-density, high-speed 10 kV SiC MOSFET module (2017)

High-density packaging of fast-switching power semiconductors typically requires low parasitic inductance, high heat extraction, and high thermo-mechanical reliability. High-density packaging of high-voltage power semiconductors, such as 10 kV SiC MOSFETs, also requires low electric field concentration in order to prevent premature dielectric breakdown. Consequently, in addition to the usual electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical analyses, the electric fields must also be evaluated. This is the first detailed report on the optimization of a high-voltage SiC MOSFET power module.
A 2.4-GHz highly linear derivative superposition Gilbert cell mixer (2016)

This paper presents a new derivative superposition Gilbert cell to minimize the third-order nonlinear current term of transconductance transistors. To decrease the parasitic capacitance effect on gain, noise figure, and linearity of the circuit, extra inductors and capacitors are added between the switching and transconductance stages. The proposed mixer is simulated in 0.18-$\mu $m RF-CMOS technology with a 1.8-V supply. The results show an improvement of about 23 dBm in IIP3 compared to conventional mixers. The power consumption of this circuit is about 3.96 mW.
Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease (1993)

We quantified the synaptic density in the entorhinal cortex (Brodmann area 28) in autopsy material from 10 individuals with Alzheimer's disease and compared them to 11 age-matched, postmortem-matched control subjects without dementia, using standard electron microscopy. The statistical data showed no change in synaptic density between control and Alzheimer subjects, in either lamina III or V of the cortex. There were no correlations between synaptic density and synaptic apposition length or density of senile plaques. The entorhinal cortex stands in marked contrast to other cortical areas that show a significant decline in synaptic numbers with Alzheimer's disease. This preservation of synaptic numbers may be related to a plasticity response that is greater in the entorhinal area than in other areas of the cortex.
Clinical misdiagnosis of Meige syndrome: report of 9 cases (2010)

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, misdiagnosis and treatment of Meige syndrome. Methods The clinical characteristics,misdiagnosis and treatment of 9 patients with Meige syndrome were reviewed retrospectively. Results The typical characteristics of Meige syndrome were bilateral paroxysmal blepharospasm with or without bilateral oromandibular and other parts' abnormal movements that were paroxysmal and symmetrical. Patients with Meige syndrome were usually misdiagnosed as having myasthenia gravis, hemifacial spasm, neurosis or tardive dyskinesia. Not having enough knowledge about Meige syndrome was the main reason for misdiagnosis. And all the patients got improvements after the treatment. Conclusion The clinical features of Meige syndrome are typical, but misdiagnosis can often be made in the early stage of Meige syndrome, thus,special attention should be paid on the differential diagnosis of Meige syndrome.

Key words: 
Meige syndrome;  Misdiagnosis;  Differential diagnosis
Density and concentration fluctuations in F-doped SiO2 glass (2004)

The fictive temperature, Tf, and fluorine concentration dependences of structure fluctuation in SiO2 glass was investigated by small-angle x-ray scattering measurement. Regardless of F concentration, density fluctuation in SiO2 glass is proportional to Tf and depends on structural relaxation. Concentration fluctuation does not depend on Tf and is almost proportional to F concentration. And it implies that F is incorporated into the glass structure at temperatures considerably higher than the Tf on which glass structure freezes. Contributions of the density and concentration fluctuations to the structure fluctuation were estimated.