gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Electron-Microscope Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (1974)

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus, an agent which causes necrosis lymphocytes of young chickens, was tentatively classified as a member of the reovirus group (1). The classification was based upon the morphology under ultrathin-section electron microscopy of the bursa of Fabricius from infected chickens (2,4,9,10), and upon limited biochemical characterization (3,5,6,12). No papers have yet been published on the virions of IBD virus. The present communication is confined to an electron-microscope study of negatively-stained preparation of IBD virus. The virus, strain GBF-1 isolated in this laboratory (6), was passaged 10 times in susceptible chickens. For preparation of partially purified IBD virus, typically affected bursae of Fabricius were harvested 4 days after inoculation, weighed, suspended 1:1 (wt/vol) with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PH 7.4, and homogenized in a Waring blender and Teflon homogenizer. The resulting homogenate was frozen and thawed 3 times. After slow centrifugation (5,000 rpm, 60 min) to remove cellular debris, the virus was concentrated by centrifugation at 40,000 rpm for 180 min with an angle-rotor ultracentrifuge Hitachi RP 40. The resulting pellet was suspended carefully in PBS by repeated pipetting. About 4.5 ml of this suspension was laid on 0.5 ml
Notch Signaling Is Inactive but Inducible in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2006)

The NOTCH signaling pathway performs a wide range of critical functions in a number of different cell types during development and differentiation. The role of NOTCH signals in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has not been tested. We measured the activity of canonical NOTCH signaling in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells and tested the requirement for NOTCH activity in hESC self-renewal or differentiation by growing hESCs in the presence of gamma-secretase inhibitors. Our results suggest that NOTCH signaling is not required for the propagation of undifferentiated human ES cells but instead is required for the maintenance of the differentiating cell types that accumulate in human ES cell cultures. Our studies suggest that NOTCH signaling is not required in human embryonic differentiation until the formation of extraembryonic, germ layer, or tissue-specific stem cells and progenitors.
Renal lesions accompanying poison oak dermatitis. (1975)

Renal damage associated with poison oak dermatitis is extremely rare in humans after exposure to urushiol antigen. Three renal lesions have been described: proliferative glomerulonephritis, arteritis, and membranous nephropathy. The present study reports on three patients who developed nephropathy after exposure to poison oak. One patient was studied by renal biopsy (including electron microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques) and another by autopsy findings. One of these patients had a typical membranous nephropathy, the other, proliferative glomerulonephritis with necrotizing arteritis and glomerulitis. In the patient with membranous nephropathy antibody to urushiol was discovered by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig.
Test sequence computation for regression testing of reactive systems (2008)

In the regression testing of reactive systems, a sequence of events, called the test sequence, is sent to it, and the system's behaviour is observed. The basic test sequence computation problem is equivalent to the rural postman problem, an NP-complete problem. We present PathFinder, a heuristic branch and bound algorithm, parameterised with a lookahead value k, to compute good test sequences from the state space graph of an API library. We also present a modified test sequence computation problem, and a modified version of PathFinder to solve it. We present the results of our experiments. These results provide insights to the tester on the choice of the best lookahead value for regression test sequence computation
High photon conversion in a light transducer combining organic electroluminescent diode with photoresponsive organic pigment film (1994)

An all-organic light transducer based on a hybridization of an organic electroluminescent diode and a perylene pigment film as an electron photoinjecting electrode has been successfully designed. The quantum efficiency of photon conversion from red to red light reached 40% with the assistance of effective electron photoinjection due to large photocurrent multiplication in a photoresponsive perylene film.
Hypervariable region 1 shielding of hepatitis C virus is a main contributor to genotypic differences in neutralization sensitivity (2016)

HVR1 adds complexity to HCV neutralization by shielding a diverse array of unexpectedly cross-genotype-conserved E1/E2 epitopes. Thus, an HVR1-deleted antigen could be a better HCV vaccine immunogen. (Hepatology 2016;64:1881-1892).
Benzylimidazolines as h5-HT<sub>1B/1D</sub> Serotonin Receptor Ligands: A Structure−Affinity Investigation (1998)

Benzylimidazolines may represent a class of 5-HT1D ligands that has yet to be exploited. On the basis of a previous report that the 2-(substituted-benzyl)imidazoline alpha-adrenergic agonist oxymetazoline (8) binds with high affinity at calf brain 5-HT1D receptors, we explored the structure-affinity relationships of a series of related derivatives. Each of the aromatic substituents was removed and then reinstated in a systematic manner to determine the influence of the individual substituents on binding. It was found that all of the aromatic substituents of 8 act in concert to impart high affinity. However, although the 3-hydroxy group could be removed without significantly reducing affinity for h5-HT1D (i.e., human 5-HT1Dalpha) receptors, this modification reduced h5-HT1B (i.e., human 5-HT1Dbeta) receptor affinity by nearly 50-fold. The 2, 6-dimethyl groups also contribute to binding but seem to play a greater role for h5-HT1B binding than h5-HT1D binding. With the appropriate structural modifications, several compounds were identified that display 20- to >100-fold selectivity for h5-HT1D versus h5-HT1B receptors. Preliminary functional data suggest that these compounds behave as agonists. Given that 5-HT1D agonists are currently being explored for their antimigraine action and that activation of h5-HT1B receptors might be associated with cardiovascular side effects, h5-HT1D-selective agents may offer a new lead for the development of therapeutically efficacious agents.
An Integrated Network and Data Management System for Heterogeneous WSNs (2011)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being used in a variety of applications including environmental monitoring, event detection, object tracking, and healthcare applications. Network management of WSNs is one of the key practical challenges that arise from the increasing number of applications and technologies deployed. This work presents a web-based integrated network and data management system that is aimed at: (1) systematically supporting heterogeneous WSNs with a unified management system; (2) presenting a clear separation between WSN management and application functions; and (3) offering management functionalities with a clear user interface. In this paper we present the design and implementation of this WSN management system and report its deployment in a real-world WSN testbed for environmental monitoring.
Multimodal imaging of ocular surface of dry eye subjects (2016)

To study the relationship between the corneal lipid layer and the ocular surface temperature (OST), we conducted a clinical trial for 20 subjects. Subjects were clinically screened prior to the trial. Of the 20 subjects, 15 have Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and 5 have aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE). A custom, circularly polarized illumination video tearscope measured the lipid layer thickness of the ocular tear film. A long-wave infrared video camera recorded the dynamic thermal properties of the ocular team film. The results of these two methods were analyzed and compared. Using principal component analysis (PCA) of the lipid layer distribution, we find that the 20 subjects could be categorized into five statistically significant groups, independent of their original clinical classification: thin (6 subjects), medium (5 subjects), medium and homogenous (3 subjects), thick (4 subjects), and very thick (2 subjects) lipids, respectively. We also conducted PCA of the OST data, and recategorized the subjects into two thermal groups by k-means clustering: one includes all ADDE subjects and some MGD subjects; the other includes the remaining MGD subjects. By comparing these two methods, we find that dry eye subjects with thin (≤ 40 nm) lipids have significantly lower OST, and a larger OST drop range, potentially due to more evaporation. However, as long as the lipid layer is not thin (> 40 nm), there is no strong correlation between the lipid layer thickness and heterogeneity and the OST patterns.
Gold Thioglucose-Induced Hypothalamic Damage, Hyperphagia, and Obesity: Dependence on the Adrenal Gland* (1982)

Previous studies from our laboratory suggested that adrenal hormones may participate, directly or indirectly, in the hypothalamic mechanism involved in the regulation of food intake. In the present studies, the effect of adrenalectomy on the development of gold thioglucose (GTG)-induced hyperphagia and obesity in mice was investigated. As expected, damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus by GTG was followed by hyperphagia and obesity. Ablation of the adrenal glands after the administration of GTG prevented the onset and development of hyperphagia and obesity. The administration of cortisone completely restored the hyperphagia and weight gain of GTG-treated adrenalectomized mice. The administration of desoxycorticosterone not only failed to restore the hyperphagia and obesity in these mice but, rather, led to a suppression of food intake, weight loss, and death. It is concluded that 1) GTG-induced hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity are dependent on adrenal glucocorticoids, and 2) the ability of adrenal glucocorticoids to restore hyperphagia and obesity in hypothalamic lesioned adrenalectomized mice indicates that adrenal glucocorticoids can act on compounds outside of the ventromedial hypothalamus involved in the control of food intake.
Characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in ovarian cancer tissues and sphere cultures (2012)

The results of our study indicate that ALDH enzyme expression and activity may be associated with specific cell types in ovarian tumor tissues and vary according to cell states. Elucidating the function of the ALDH isozymes in lineage differentiation and pathogenesis may have significant implications for ovarian cancer pathophysiology.
Deutschland braucht Innovationen - Anmerkungen zu einem Symposium des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und des ifo Instituts (1994)

Die negative Entwicklung von Beschäftigung und Wachstum in Deutschland bis 1994 ist nicht allein auf konjunkturelle Ursachen zurückzuführen, sondern basieren auch auf tiefgreifende strukturelle Veränderungen in Folge der deutschen Vereinigung und ökonomischen Veränderungen in den Reformländer und den schon länger wirksamen Anstrengungen der asiatischen Schwellenländer. Die betroffene deutsche Industrie reagiert auf die nachlassende Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in erster Linie mit Kostensenkung, Reorganisation, Verlagerung von Produktion ins Ausland und mit Arbeitszeitverkürzungen. Diese Defensivstruktur der Maßnahmen führt langfristig zu einem Beschäftigungsabbau.Der Bericht stellt die verschiedenen Ansatzpunkte des Symposiums des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und des ifo Instituts " Innovation und wirtschaftliches Wachstum in Deutschland" vom 07. Juni 1994 zusammen. Insgeamt wurde herausgestellt, daß es wirtschaftspolitisch für Deutschland darauf ankommt, den erforderlichen Wachstumstendenzen neuen Raum zu geben. Es sind Rahmenbedingungen zu schaffen, die für die unternehmerische Tätigkeit förderlich sind und die Kapitalbindung und insbesondere die Innovation begünstigen.
Brain Mitochondrial Metabolic Dysfunction and Glutamate Level Reduction in the Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Mice (2013)

Although certain metabolic characteristics such as interictal glucose hypometabolism are well established for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive study of brain metabolism in a mouse model of TLE, induced by pilocarpine-status epilepticus (SE). To investigate glucose metabolism, we injected mice 3.5-4 weeks after SE with [1,2-(13)C]glucose before microwave fixation of the head. Using (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography, we quantified metabolites and (13)C labeling in extracts of cortex and hippocampal formation (HF). Hippocampal levels of glutamate, glutathione and alanine were decreased in pilocarpine-SE mice compared with controls. Moreover, the contents of N-acetyl aspartate, succinate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H were decreased in HF indicating impairment of mitochondrial function. In addition, the reduction in (13)C enrichment of hippocampal citrate and malate suggests decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle turnover in this region. In cortex, we found reduced (13)C labeling of glutamate, glutamine and aspartate via the pyruvate carboxylation and pyruvate dehydrogenation pathways, suggesting slower turnover of these amino acids and/or the TCA cycle. In conclusion, mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and altered amino-acid metabolism is found in both cortex and HF in this epilepsy model.
NOTE:CHEMICAL STABILITIES OF LIGNOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1986)

The chemical stabilities of lignocaine hydrochloride (lidocaine hydrochloride) and phenylephrine hydrochloride in a combination aqueous solution have been determined using stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. The drugs did not interact and were stable for at least 66 days at room temperature. The pH value changed from 6.0 to 5.8 after 66 days but was still within the optimum pH range for the stabilities of lignocaine and phenylephrine.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reduces Neurological Damage After Cerebral Embolism (1985)

Intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator immediately after the injection of numerous small blood clots into the carotid circulation in rabbit embolic stroke model animals caused a significant reduction in neurological damage. In vitro studies indicate that tissue plasminogen activator produced substantial lysis of clots at concentrations comparable to those expected in vivo, suggesting that this may be the mechanism of action of this drug. Drug-induced hemorrhages were not demonstrable. Tissue plasminogen activator may be of value for the immediate treatment of embolic stroke.
Microstrip Transmission On Semiconductor Dielectrics (1965)

As a result of both a larger number of microwave functions performed by semiconductor devices and a larger number of functions required in modern systems, it has become highly desirable from both the system and the device standpoint to fabricate multiple microwave semiconductor devices on a common substrate. The use of multiple devices in a single package has system and reliability advantages, but there is also offered the possibility of improved performance of the microwave components. This results from the elimination of packaging of each individual element and the ability to place the package interface in a more advantageous position in the circuit. To effect such an improvement, an efficient means of microwave interconnection must be available. The interconnections must have not only low dissipative losses through the microwave region, but be capable of providing the impedances necessary for transformations by the various microwave functions and for circuit resonating elements. The range of impedance commonly required is of the order of 20 /spl Omega/ to 80/spl Omega/. To be compatible with semiconductor materials and processing, the choice of dielectric material was limited to film dielectrics, possibly SiO/sub 2/, or the use of the semiconductor material itself as a dielectric. For both semi-insulating gallium arsenide and silicon of resistivity greater than 1000 /spl Omega/-cm, the loss is sufficiently low to perform efficient interconnection of devices on a common substrate and is considered even suitable for other components such as directional couplers and hybrids where extremely high Q is not required.
Clustering approach to bone and soft tissue segmentation of digital radiographic images of extremities (2003)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Novel technique for fabricating nonabsorbing mirror laser (2002)

A nonabsorbing mirror for the AlGaAs/GaAs laser was achieved by the novel and simple method of laser treatment of the cleaved facets. No surface recombination effect at the facet was observed. The catastrophic optical damage (COD) level was tripled.
Insulin-stimulated production of nitric oxide is inhibited by wortmannin. Direct measurement in vascular endothelial cells. (1996)

Hypertension is associated with insulin-resistant states such as diabetes and obesity. Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to regulation of blood pressure. To gain insight into potential mechanisms linking hypertension with insulin resistance we directly measured and characterized NO production from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in response to insulin using an amperometric NO-selective electrode. Insulin stimulation of HUVEC resulted in rapid, dose-dependent production of NO with a maximal response of approximately 100 nM NO (200,000 cells in 2 ml media; ED50 approximately 500 nM insulin). Although HUVEC have many more IGF-1 receptors than insulin receptors (approximately 400,000, and approximately 40,000 per cell respectively), a maximally stimulating dose of IGF-1 generated a smaller response than insulin (40 nM NO; ED50 approximately 100 nM IGF-1). Stimulation of HUVEC with PDGF did not result in measurable NO production. The effects of insulin and IGF-1 were completely blocked by inhibitors of either tyrosine kinase (genestein) or nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME). Wortmannin (an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI 3-kinase]) inhibited insulin-stimulated production of NO by approximately 50%. Since PI 3-kinase activity is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport, our data suggest that NO is a novel effector of insulin signaling pathways that are also involved with glucose metabolism.
Context Aware Identity Management Using Smart Phones (2013)

Cell phones are personal devices that are seldom used by more than one individual. Today's smart phone not only serves as the key computing and communication mobile device of choice, but it also comes with a rich set of embedded sensors. In other words, smart phones can be considered less of a "phone" in the traditional sense and more of an identity management device. Furthermore the unique array of sensors on a smart phone can communicate its owner's identity to the world. Smart phones are pervasive computing devices that ubiquitously accompany humans and must adapt accordingly. In this paper, we propose architecture to fully leverage the capabilities to achieve a seamless identity management system. We use the sensor data from the smart phone to generate the context and identify the user to the outside world.
Comparison of the Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test and the nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus RNA in plasma, serum, and plasma subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (1997)

The Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test was compared to the nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (Nasba) assay system for the quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA in three different types of clinical samples: plasma, serum, and plasma subjected to freeze-and-thaw cycles. Each assay detected HIV RNA in the same 73 (90%) of 81 samples tested, and the quantitative results obtained with the two assays were significantly correlated. Both assays detected higher RNA levels in patients with CD4+ cell counts lower than 200 cells/mm3 than in patients with CD4+ cell counts higher than 200 cells/mm3. In addition, RNA levels in plasma higher than 5 logs predicted higher numbers of clinical events than did RNA levels in plasma lower than 5 logs. Quantitation of HIV RNA in paired plasma and serum samples showed lower HIV RNA content in serum than in the paired plasma sample, with mean differences between HIV RNA contents of plasma and serum of 0.54 and 0.28 log RNA copy/ml by the Nasba assay and the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor assay, respectively. No significant loss of HIV RNA was detected with either assay in plasma samples subjected to multiple freeze-and-thaw cycles. These studies demonstrate that the Nasba and Amplicor assays perform similarly with plasma and serum samples. Further, the results indicate that freeze-and-thaw cycles do not result in significant loss of detectable HIV RNA.
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Predictive Factors of Treatment Failure (2013)

Neither resistance profile nor biantibiotic therapy decreased the risk of PA-VAP treatment failure. However, the profile of PA resistance prolonged the length of stay. Better evaluation of the potential benefit of an initial treatment containing FQ requires further randomized trials.
Choosing Path Replanning Strategies for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2010)

Unmanned aircraft systems use a variety of techniques to plan collision-free flight paths given a map of obstacles and no-fly zones. However, maps are not perfect and obstacles may change over time or be detected during flight, which may invalidate paths that the aircraft is already following. Thus, dynamic in-flight replanning is required. Numerous strategies can be used for replanning, where the time requirements and the plan quality associated with each strategy depend on the environment around the original flight path. In this paper, we investigate the use of machine learning techniques, in particular support vector machines, to choose the best possible replanning strategy depending on the amount of time available. The system has been implemented, integrated and tested in hardware-in-the-loop simulation with a Yamaha RMAX helicopter platform.
Measured and Predicted Performance of a High Pressure Ratio Supersonic Compressor Rotor (2008)

The testing of an 8:1 pressure ratio supersonic single axial compressor rotor referred to as Rampressor-2 is described. Design of this shockwave compression system is based on principles employed for supersonic intakes consisting of a multi-shock compression system and boundary layer treatment. The rotor consists of three blade passages within which the shock system is produced by a ramp, throat and diffuser contoured on the hub. The technology has been previously demonstrated in a 2.3:1 pressure ratio experimental test compressor (Rampressor-1). Measured performance is compared with numerical predictions. Further developments to improve Rampressor performance are discussed, and the appropriateness of this technology for Carbon Capture & Sequestration and LNG applications is highlighted.