gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Submicrometer 3D structures fabrication enabled by one-photon absorption direct laser writing (2013)

We demonstrate a new 3D fabrication method to achieve the same results as those obtained by the two-photon excitation technique, by using a simple one-photon elaboration method in a very low absorption regime. Desirable 2D and 3D submicrometric structures, such as spiral, chiral, and woodpile architectures, with feature size as small as 190 nm have been fabricated, by using just a few milliwatts of a continuous-wave laser at 532 nm and a commercial SU8 photoresist. Different aspects of the direct laser writing based on ultralow one-photon absorption (LOPA) technique are investigated and compared with the TPA technique, showing several advantages, such as simplicity and low cost.
Pornography and Disgust (2013)

Disgust about material objects and moral behavior are both at issue in understanding pornography. Previous debates were fueled primarily by moral disgust. Erotic art may elicit moral disgust, but only hard-core pornography elicits material disgust. I discuss the role of attraction and aversion in labeling artworks pornographic. Since we always have a choice between acknowledging and ignoring a disgust elicitor, aversion may be a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for such a label. In submitting our choice to rational critique, we must ask: what do we accept as a consequence of the claim that that x is disgusting? Relying on moral disgust, the traditionalist's verdict that x is pornographic can be grounded exclusively in his report that for him x is a disgust elicitor. The skeptic must submit all disgust elicitors to rational critique. As a result of such a critique, the skeptic may agree (or disagree) with the traditionalist that x is pornographic. Also, the skeptic may decide that x provides pleasure despite or because of its painful aspect. A weak defense of the distinction between works of pornography and erotic artworks is offered with the help of examples; a stronger and more speculative defense of the distinction relies on the connection between material disgust elicitors and death.
An overview of heavy-atom derivatization of protein crystals (2016)

Heavy-atom derivatization is one of the oldest techniques for obtaining phase information for protein crystals and, although it is no longer the first choice, it remains a useful technique for obtaining phases for unknown structures and for low-resolution data sets. It is also valuable for confirming the chain trace in low-resolution electron-density maps. This overview provides a summary of the technique and is aimed at first-time users of the method. It includes guidelines on when to use it, which heavy atoms are most likely to work, how to prepare heavy-atom solutions, how to derivatize crystals and how to determine whether a crystal is in fact a derivative.
Design and characterization of a biologically inspired quasi-passive prosthetic ankle-foot (2014)

By design, commonly worn energy storage and release (ESR) prosthetic feet cannot provide biologically realistic ankle joint torque and angle profiles during walking. Additionally, their anthropomorphic, cantilever architecture causes their mechanical stiffness to decrease throughout the stance phase of walking, opposing the known trend of the biological ankle. In this study, the design of a quasi-passive pneumatic ankle-foot prosthesis is detailed that is able to replicate the biological ankle's torque and angle profiles during walking. The prosthetic ankle is comprised of a pneumatic piston, bending spring and solenoid valve. The mechanical properties of the pneumatic ankle prosthesis are characterized using a materials testing machine and the properties are compared to those from a common, passive ESR prosthetic foot. The characterization spanned a range of ankle equilibrium pressures and testing locations beneath the foot, analogous to the location of center of pressure within the stance phase of walking. The pneumatic ankle prosthesis was shown to provide biologically appropriate trends and magnitudes of torque, angle and stiffness behavior, when compared to the passive ESR prosthetic foot. Future work will focus on the development of a control system for the quasi-passive device and clinical testing of the pneumatic ankle to demonstrate efficacy.
Free Space Intra-Datacenter Interconnects Based on 2D Optical Beam Steering Enabled by Photonic Integrated Circuits (2018)

Data centers are continuously growing in scale and can contain more than one million servers spreading across thousands of racks; requiring a large-scale switching network to provide broadband and reconfigurable interconnections of low latency. Traditional data center network architectures, through the use of electrical packet switches in a multi-tier topology, has fundamental weaknesses such as oversubscription and cabling complexity. Wireless intra-data center interconnection solutions have been proposed to deal with the cabling problem and can simultaneously address the over-provisioning problem by offering efficient topology re-configurability. In this work we introduce a novel free space optical interconnect solution for intra-data center networks that utilizes 2D optical beam steering for the transmitter, and high bandwidth wide-area photodiode arrays for the receiver. This new breed of free space optical interconnects can be developed on a photonic integrated circuit; offering ns switching at sub-μW consumption. The proposed interconnects together with a networking architecture that is suitable for utilizing those devices could support next generation intra-data center networks, fulfilling the requirements of seamless operation, high connectivity, and agility in terms of the reconfiguration time.
Event-driven multithreaded dynamic optimization (2006)

Dynamic optimization has been proposed to overcome many limitations of static optimization, such as inaccurate assumptions about the underlying processor of static optimization, such as inaccurate assumptions about the underlying processor architecture and lack of adaption to the program's runtime behavior. However, existing dynamic optimization systems often impose high runtime overhead (software systems) or great hardware complexity (hardware systems), and only have limited runtime adaptability. This thesis proposes a new model of optimization, where optimization is triggered by hardware optimization events and is performed concurrently on an application while it is running. We introduce an event-driven multithreaded dynamic optimization architecture, called Trident. Trident is a software/hardware solution which strives to reduce software runtime overhead as well as reduce hardware complexity and inflexibility. Trident takes advantage of two key features in modern processors, abundant chip-level parallelism (through Simultaneous Multithreading, Chip Multithreading, or a combination) and increasing hardware support for runtime performance monitoring. Trident proposes generic, lightweight extensions of the hardware monitoring mechanisms to profile the program's execution behavior. Hardware triggers an event for optimization upon detection of any interesting behavior. Lightweight helper threads are spawned to process these events, in parallel with the main thread. The combination of event-driven and concurrent optimization makes Trident extremely low overhead in both profiling and optimization. This enables Trident to perform more expensive optimizations than existing dynamic systems, and perform continuous recurrent optimizations without fear of performance loss. The power and flexibility of Trident enable many types of optimizations. In this thesis, we demonstrate it with an aggressive optimization, called speculative dynamic value specialization. We also demonstrate Trident's power of continuous, gradual optimization by improving traditional software prefetching to better attack the classical memory wall problem. These approaches include adaptive dynamic software prefetching via self-repairing and accelerating precomputation based prefetching
Design of a Robust Ru(salen) Complex: Aziridination with Improved Turnover Number Using N-Arylsulfonyl Azides as Precursors. (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An unambiguous nomenclature for xyloglycan-derived oligosaccharides (1993)

International audience
Efficiency issues in induction motor drives: Modelling and losses minimization techniques (2015)

This paper presents an efficiency analysis on an inverter-fed induction motor drive integrating both switching losses minimization by D-PWM for the inverter and an ELMT for the motor. The target is the evaluation of the contribution of both the chosen PWM and ELMT strategies on the total losses of the drive. To this aim, a complete dynamic model of the drive system has been developed and implemented in Matlab-Simulink environment permitting efficiency to be evaluated in numerical simulation, properly suitably separating each loss term. Experimental results show that the integrated use of D-PWM and ELMT permits a reduction of the overall power loss up to 6% of the induction machine rated power at low load torques. Correspondingly, the drive efficiency can be increased up to about 30% at low loads and up to about 5% at high loads.
Free-piston engine linear generator for hybrid vehicles modeling study (1995)

Abstract : Development of a free piston engine linear generator was investigated for use as an auxiliary power unit for a hybrid electric vehicle. The main focus of the program was to develop an efficient linear generator concept to convert the piston motion directly into electrical power. Computer modeling techniques were used to evaluate five different designs for linear generators. These designs included permanent magnet generators, reluctance generators, linear DC generators, and two and three-coil induction generators. The efficiency of the linear generator was highly dependent on the design concept. The two-coil induction generator was determined to be the best design, with an efficiency of approximately 90 percent.
Low-temperature plasmas with nonequilibrium ionization (1979)

Low-temperature plasmas are frequently not in thermodynamic equilibrium. External fields, the emission of radiation, gradients of various physical properties, and the finite rates of various processes can all prevent the attainment of equilibrium. In nonequilibrium conditions the ionization state, the distribution of atomic excited states, and the electron energy distribution all become complicated functions of the factors responsible for the deviation from equilibrium. Since the components of the plasma—the electrons, atoms, and ions—are strongly coupled, a departure from equilibrium in one component causes departure in the others. The criteria for a deviation from local thermodyamic equilibrium are given. A study is made of plasmas far from equilibrium, in which the electron density is not described by the Saha equation, the atoms do not have a Boltzmann energy-level distribution, and the electrons do not have a Maxwellian energy distribution. A steady-state nonequilibrium plasma and time-dependent relaxation phenomena are studied. The theory is compared with the extensive experimental data available.
Generating user interface prototypes from scenarios (2003)

Requirements capture by scenarios and user interface prototyping have become popular techniques. Yet, the transition from scenarios to formal specifications is still ill-defined, and prototyping remains weak in linking the application domain with the user interface. Most importantly, the prototyping and the scenario approaches lack integration in the overall requirements engineering process. We suggest a process that generates a user interface prototype from scenarios and yields a formal specification of the application. The approach is based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and the generated prototypes are embedded in a user interface builder environment for further refinement. The algorithms underlying the approach have been implemented and applied on a number of examples.
Principles of voxel refinement in optical direct write lithography (2011)

Optical direct write lithography (ODWL) has the capacity for generating three dimensional arbitrary patterns. Here we examine principles for voxel refinement and relate several techniques for achieving nanoscale resolution. The influence of optics, gelation, and polymerization scaling behavior are expounded, demonstrating the necessity for adopting a multidisciplinary mindset to control both voxel dimensions and minimize out-of-focus reactions. Aspects of two-photon ODWL are reviewed and recent multi-beam ODWL approaches that draw inspiration from STED microscopy are examined.
<b>Regulation of competence development and sugar utilization in <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Rd by a phosphoenolpyruvate:fructose phosphotransferase system</b> (1996)

Changes in intracellular cAMP concentration play important roles in Haemophilus influenzae, regulating both sugar utilization and competence for natural transformation. In enteric bacteria, cAMP levels are controlled by the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS) in response to changes in availability of the preferred sugars it transports. We have demonstrated the existence of a simple PTS in H. influenzae by several methods. We have cloned the H. influenzae ptsI gene, encoding PTS Enzyme I; genome analysis locates it in a pts operon structurally homologous to those of enteric bacteria. In vitro phosphorylation assays confirmed the presence of functional PTS components. A ptsI null mutation reduced fructose uptake to 1% of the wild-type rate, and abolished fructose fermentation even when exogenous cAMP was provided. The ptsI mutation also prevented fermentation of ribose and galactose, but utilization of these cAMP-dependent sugars was restored by addition of cAMP. In wild-type cells the non-metabolizable fructose analogue xylitol prevented fermentation of these sugars, confirming that the fructose PTS regulates cAMP levels. Development of competence under standard inducing conditions was reduced 250-fold by the ptsI mutation, unless cells were provided with exogenous cAMP. Competence is thus shown to be under direct nutritional control by a fructose-specific PTS.
WHO ARE THE «SONS OF GOD»? A JESUIT-ETHIOPIAN CONTROVERSY ON GENESIS 6:2 (2005)

During the 16 th and 17 th cent., great efforts were made by Jesuit missionaries to persuade the emperors of Ethiopia and the dignitaries of the Ethiopian Church to convert to Catholicism and accept the authority of the pope. During this period, Jesuits and Ethiopians debated many subjects concerning theological and Christological questions, as well as ritual problems. Each Church had a different approach to ritual and theological problems, and this engendered tensions and conflicts. Although research on these topics is still insufficient, important steps have been taken over the past decades to clarify the theological positions of the Ethiopians and the Jesuits. 1 The topic of biblical exegesis and its place in the clashes between Catholics and Ethiopians has received little attention from scholars. 2 This is due, in part, to the scarcity of sources on this subject. When the Jesuits deal with theological and Christological questions in their tractates, they do so in a methodical and systematic way, dedicating a special chapter to every issue. In the field of biblical exegesis, on the other hand, the material is dispersed throughout their writings alongside anecdotal narrative that has no connection to any Christological question. In what follows we shall deal with a spe- * I am grateful to Claude Stuczynski for his suggestions and to Steven Kaplan for his
Identification of Two Tyrosine Phosphoproteins, pp70 and pp68, Which Interact with Phospholipase Cγ, Grb2, and Vav after B Cell Antigen Receptor Activation (1997)

Tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins mediates the assembly and localization of effector proteins through interactions facilitated by modular Src homology 2 (SH2) and phosphotyrosine binding domains. We describe here two tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with Mr values of 70,000 and 68,000 that interact with Grb2, phospholipase C (PLCgamma1 and PLCgamma2), and Vav after B cell receptor cross-linking. The interaction of pp70 and pp68 with PLC and Vav is mediated by the carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain of PLC and the SH2 domain of Vav. In contrast, the interaction of pp70 and pp68 with Grb2 requires cooperative binding of the SH2 and SH3 domains of Grb2. Western blot analysis demonstrated that neither pp70 nor pp68 represented the recently described linker protein SLP-76, which binds Grb2, PLC, and Vav in T cells after T cell receptor activation. Moreover, SLP-76 protein was not detected in a number of B cell lines or in normal mouse B cells. Hence, we propose that pp70 and pp68 likely represent B cell homologs of SLP-76 which facilitate and coordinate B cell activation.
Motivational aspects of information security policies (2004)

Information security policy is at the heart of many organizations' approaches to reinforcing desirable information security behaviors and enforcing strictures against undesirable security behaviors. In the present paper we use a content analysis of extant information security policies as a springboard for examining and understanding the implicit assumptions that policy-writers and other relevant stakeholders make about the causes and consequences of behavior.
Automatic generation of 3D meshes for complicated solids (1992)

To approach full automatic mesh generation, three problems have to be solved: (1) full automatic generation of geometry specifying the mesh from the solid model; (2) a constrained triangulation algorithm for adding a new point to an existing mesh; and (3) a description and realization of the user's mesh distribution desires which may be implied by the problem itself, as in the case of self-adaptive finite element analysis. The authors merge a novel mesh control idea (see J.M. Zhou, 1989) with the constrained Delaunay triangulation algorithm and an initial triangulation algorithm to achieve efficient, flexible, and reliable triangulation of complicated solids. A new strategy for adaptive mesh refinement is also included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cobalt Intercalated Layered NiFe Double Hydroxides for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2017)

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study to demonstrate that the electrocatalytic activity of NiFe layered double hydroxides (NiFe LDHs) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be significantly enhanced by systematic cobalt incorporation using coprecipitation and/or intercalation. Electrochemical measurements show that cobalt modified NiFe LDH possesses an enhanced activity for the OER relative to pristine NiFe LDH. The Co-modified NiFe LDH exhibits overpotentials in the range of 290-322 mV (at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>), depending on the degree of cobalt content. The best catalyst, cobalt intercalated NiFe LDH achieved a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at an overpotential of ∼265 mV (compared to 310 mV for NiFe LDH), with a near unity (99%) faradaic efficiency and long-term stability. Density functional theory calculations revealed that enhanced activity of Co-modified NiFe LDH could be attributed to the ability of Co to tune the electronic structure of the NiFe LDH so that optimal binding of OER reaction intermediates could be achieved.
The residues Leu(Ile)475-Ile(Leu, Val, Ala)476, contained in the extended carboxyl cytoplasmic tail, are critical for targeting of the resident lysosomal membrane protein LIMP II to lysosomes. (1994)

LIMP II, a type II lysosomal integral membrane protein, and the CD36/LIMP II construct are targeted to lysosomes by means of a signal expressed in the tyrosine-lacking carboxyl cytoplasmic tail of LIMP II (Vega, M. A., Rodriguez, F., Seguí, B., Calés, C., Alcalde, J., and Sandoval, I. V. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 16269-16272; Vega, M. A., Seguí-Real, B., Garcia, J. A., Calés, C., Rodriguez, F., Vandekerckhove, J., and Sandoval, I. V. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 16818-16824). Substitution of Leu475 with Ile resulted in a decreased efficiency of targeting. Mutant forms produced by substituting Leu475 by hydrophobic residues with either large (Val) or small (Ala, Gly) side chains, or by a charged residue (Asp), showed inhibited targeting. In contrast, the contiguous Ile476 residue could be replaced by either Leu, without loss in the efficiency of targeting, or by Val or Ala, with some impediment. Substitution of Ile476 by either Gly or Asp inhibited completely the targeting. The addition of the sequence Ser-Trp-Asp to the carboxyl end of the construct did not interfere with targeting. Data from 1H NMR analysis of the icosapeptide corresponding to the carboxyl cytoplasmic tail of LIMP II indicated the predominance of structures with extended random coil conformations, suggesting that the targeting signal is contained in a domain with an extended configuration.
A handcuff model for the cohesin complex (2008)

The cohesin complex is responsible for the accurate separation of sister chromatids into two daughter cells. Several models for the cohesin complex have been proposed, but the one-ring embrace model currently predominates the field. However, the static configuration of the embrace model is not flexible enough for cohesins to perform their functions during DNA replication, transcription, and DNA repair. We used coimmunoprecipitation, a protein fragment complement assay, and a yeast two-hybrid assay to analyze the protein-protein interactions among cohesin subunits. The results show that three of the four human cohesin core subunits (Smc1, Smc3, and Rad21) interact with themselves in an Scc3 (SA1/SA2)-dependent manner. These data support a two-ring handcuff model for the cohesin complex, which is flexible enough to establish and maintain sister chromatid cohesion as well as ensure the fidelity of chromosome segregation in higher eukaryotes.
Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Among Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Their Household Contacts (2009)

This study demonstrated that household members of CF children harbor both MSSA and MRSA, including CA-MRSA, and that S. aureus is transmitted within CF households. Carriage of S. aureus by household members of CF children may have implications for infection control and treatment strategies. Future studies should monitor the distribution and virulence of SCCmecA types in patients with CF.
Subpixel parameter estimation for elliptical shapes using image sequences (2002)

We present a method of ellipse parameter estimation that can be used in performing automated inspection of circular features. In our method, several digital images are taken of each part as it moves past a camera, creating an image sequence. Image enhancement is performed using the image sequence, yielding a high-resolution image. Subpixel edge detection is performed on the high-resolution image, producing a set of data points that is used for ellipse parameter estimation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent advances in research of some pest problems of hybrid populus in Michigan and Wisconsin (1983)

Hybrid Populus clones were examined for impact from and resistance to attack from several insects and diseases. Cottonwood leaf beetle, poplar-and-willow borer, and Septoria canker were most injurious. The spotted poplar aphid and poplar-gall saperda, even when abundant, caused only minor impact. The tarnished plant bug, a newly identified pest of Populus, injured young trees near agricultural areas. Hybrid clones show a wide range of susceptibility to pests and provide exceptional breeding material for pest-resistant trees.