gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using machine learning techniques to build a comma checker for Basque (2006)

In this paper, we describe the research using machine learning techniques to build a comma checker to be integrated in a grammar checker for Basque. After several experiments, and trained with a little corpus of 100,000 words, the system guesses correctly not placing commas with a precision of 96% and a recall of 98%. It also gets a precision of 70% and a recall of 49% in the task of placing commas. Finally, we have shown that these results can be improved using a bigger and a more homogeneous corpus to train, that is, a bigger corpus written by one unique author.
Radioiodinated methylene blue--a promising agent for melanoma scintigraphy: labelling, stability and in vitro uptake by melanoma cells. (2009)

Melanoma is a tumor of continuously increasing incidence for which new methods of imaging and targeted therapy are widely sought. Radioiodinated methylene blue is a promising tracer, showing selective uptake in human pigmented melanoma cells. We performed 131I-labeling of the tracer using 1% methylene blue injection United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and 131I sodium iodide. For quality control, a Merck high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was used. We developed a new HPLC procedure using 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, 90% acetonitrile and 10% water as solvent for isocratic elution of the tracer and applied a TLC method using ITLC-SG strips and the same solvent. The stability of the preparation was studied for 15 min, 3 h and 6 h. In order to evaluate the potential relevance of 131I-labeled methylene blue for melanoma detection, the in vitro uptake of 131I-methylene blue was investigated in SK-MEL 28 and 518A2 melanoma cells. Time and a temperature influence on uptake of 1311 methylene blue by these two melanoma cells were investigated. The radiochemical purity obtained by the HPLC method was 99.97 +/- 0.08% (n=8), while that by the TLC method was 99.88 +/- 0.16% (n=8). This indicates the excellent agreement between these two methods. The stability was persistent over 6 h and amounted to 99.75% +/- 0.21% (n=8). The uptake of 131I methylene blue was time and temperature dependent by both melanoma cells lines. The net cellular uptake on incubation at 37 degrees C of 131I methylene blue by SK-MEL 28 cells was high at 56.3-61.8% and that by 518A2-cells was 36.3-56.0%. Uptake by these cells was also investigated at 22 degrees C. The uptake by both cell types was also high at this temperature, but lower than that at 37 degrees C, amounting to 45.0-51.7% and 25.6-36.3%, respectively. Due to its easy handling and quite high uptake by melanoma cells, we expect that this tracer could be successfully used in routine application for melanoma imaging or eventual radiotherapy.
Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling in endometriosis (2015)

This work was supported by NIH R01 HD067721 (to S.L.Y and B.A.L) and NIH R01 HD057873 and American Cancer Society Research Grant RSG-12-084-01-TBG (to J.-W.J.). There are no conflicts of interest.
An Intelligent Warehouse Stock Management and Tracking System Based on Silicon Identification Technology and 1-Wire Network Communication (2011)

This paper presents a novel electronic system for stock control and container tracking in a storage warehouse environment. The system is based on the use of advanced electronic identification tags and 1-Wire communication tools. Each warehouse container is affixed with a small electronic ID tag (called iButton). The tag is an electronic chip housed in a durable 16mm button-shaped stainless steel package (micro-can). The chip provides a unique ID number, read-write memory and 1-Wire interface communication circuitry. It is powered by a long lasting internal battery. The tag keeps information on storage loading/unloading history, goods contents, ownership, etc. Another iButton identified as location tag is placed at each and every storage cell. Once a container is placed into an available storage cell, the pair of ID tags (on the container and in the cell) appeared immediately on the 1-Wire communication network, hence allowing the central controller (PC) to update the latest space utilization and the container/stock associated with it. This intelligent way of tagging the containers with their particular contents to any available storage cells, offers a new alternative to the conventional storage and stock management system where a particular container must be placed into its pre-specified storage space.
Isolation, characterization and insect growth inhibitory activity of major turmeric constituents and their derivatives against Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk) and Dysdercus koenigii (Walk) (2000)

Curcuminoids, the major colouring constituents of Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizome powder, comprise mainly three closely related curcumins (I, II and III). A simple method has been devised for their efficient extraction and separation. Their structures have been confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and unique mass fragmentation pattern. Curcumin-I, the major constituent has been converted to five alkyl ether derivatives, which have been tested along with the parent compounds and other extractives for insect growth inhibitory activity against Schistocerca gregaria and Dysdercus koenigii nymphs. At 20 µg per nymph, benzene extract and dibutyl curcumin-I were the most active (60% inhibition) against S gregaria, whereas at 50 µg per nymph these substances exhibited moderate growth-inhibitory activity (45%) against D koenigii nymphs. At these concentrations, turmeric oil caused 50–60% nymphal mortality in both test insects. The insect control activity of most of the turmeric products was comparable to or better than that of a commercial neem formulation. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Abuse of Buprenorphine in the United States (2007)

This study examines trends in the reported abuse of two sublingual buprenorphine products, Subutex and Suboxone, in the United States. Quarterly counts of abuse cases were obtained from 18 regional poison control centers (PCCS) for 2003-2005. Seventy-seven abuse cases were reported, of which 7.8 percent involved Subutex and 92.2 percent involved Suboxone. The average quarterly ratio of abuse cases per 1,000 prescriptions dispensed was 0.08 (SD +/- 0.09) for Subutex, and 0.16 (SD +/- 0.08) for Suboxone. Findings suggest that these sublingual buprenorphine formulations have a low rate of abuse based on toxico-surveillance data.
Optical Properties and London Dispersion Forces of Amorphous Silica Determined by Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2003)

Precise and accurate knowledge of the optical properties of amorphous silica is important because of the increasing application of SiO 2 in optical and electrooptical devices, including photolithography masks for semiconductor fabrication, recently as a potential 157 nm mask substrate. The optical properties in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region have been investigated, because they convey detailed information on the electronic structure and interatomic bonding of the material. In this work, we have combined spectroscopic ellipsometry and VUV spectroscopy to directly determine the optical functions of SiO 2 in this range, thereby reducing the uncertainty in the low‐energy extrapolation of the data, essential for Kramers–Kronig analysis of VUV reflectance. We report the complex optical properties of SiO 2 , over the range of 1.5 to 42 eV, showing improved agreement with theory when contrasted with earlier results. In addition to the features previously reported at 10.4, 11.6, 14.03, and 17.10 eV, new interband transitions have been observed at 21.3 eV along with O 2 s transitions at 32 eV. We found the bulk plasma peak to be 23.7 eV in the energy loss function spectrum. Based on the magnitude of these new results, the Hamaker constant for SiO 2 |Vacuum|SiO 2 is 71.6 zJ, which is larger than the previously reported value of 66 zJ.
Supporting location-based approximate-keyword queries (2010)

Many Web sites support keyword search on their spatial data, such as business listings and photos. In these systems, inconsistencies and errors can exist in both queries and the data. To bridge the gap between queries and data, it is important to support approximate keyword search on spatial data. In this paper we study how to answer such queries efficiently. We focus on a natural index structure that augments a tree-based spatial index with capabilities for approximate keyword search. We systematically study how to efficiently combine these two types of indexes, and how to search the resulting index to find answers. We develop three algorithms for constructing the index, successively improving the time and space efficiency by exploiting the textual and spatial properties of the data. We experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of our techniques on real, large datasets.
Dynamic Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow, O<sub>2</sub> Tension, and Calculated Cerebral Metabolic Rate of O<sub>2</sub> during Functional Activation Using Oxygen Phosphorescence Quenching (2001)

Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) using laser-Doppler and microvascular O2 oxygen tension using oxygen-dependent phosphorescence quenching in the rat somatosensory cortex were obtained during electrical forepaw stimulation. The signal-averaged CBF response resulting from electrical forepaw stimulation consisted of an initial peak (t = 3.1 +/- 0.8 seconds after onset of stimulation), followed by a plateau phase that was maintained throughout the length of the stimulus. In contrast, microvascular O2 tension changes were delayed, reached a plateau level (t = 23.5 +/- 1.7 seconds after the onset of stimulation) that remained for the length of the stimulus and for several seconds after stimulus termination, and then returned to baseline. Using Fick's equation and these dynamic measurements, changes in the calculated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) during functional stimulation were determined. The calculated CMRO2 response initially was comparable with the CBF, but with protracted stimulation, CMRO2 changes were approximately one-third that of CBF changes. These results suggest that a complex relation exists, with comparable changes in CBF and CMRO2 initially occurring after stimulation but excessive changes in CBF compared with CMRO2 arising with protracted stimulation.
Overview Of Sprinkler Technology Research (1997)

Sprinkler fire protection has existed for over 100 years. Until recently, however, understanding how a sprinkler protects against fire had not been very important, because sprinklers were so greatly overdesigned for fires in industrial buildings of the past. Since World War 11, the traditional sprinkler has been severely challenged to its limit of effectiveness by ever-changing manufacturing and storage practices. In response to this challenge, FMRC initiated a sprinkler technology research program in 1970, to study sprinkler performance principles. This ongoing research identifies and quantifies the controlling variables, such as RTI (Response Time Index), ADD (Actual Delivered Density) and RDD (Required Delivered Density), and develops engineering tools and deterministic computer models to predict sprinkler fire protection performance. Emerging scientific understanding has stimulated new sprinkler developments: the Large-Drop Sprinkler (1971-198O), the Residential Sprinkler (1976-1979), and the ESFR Sprinkler (1984-1986). It is the intention of this paper to present an overview of continuing sprinkler technology research activities, including some practical applications.
Evidence against VIP as the inhibitory transmitter in non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic nerves supplying the longitudinal muscle of the mouse colon (1986)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) had two types of effects on the longitudinal muscle of the mouse distal colon. At low concentrations (10(-8) M) VIP induced a contraction which seemed to be related to the production of prostaglandins as it was abolished after preincubation with indomethacin (10(-6) M). At higher concentrations (3 X 10(-8) and 10(-7) M) VIP induced relaxations which developed slowly and were related to stimulation of the adenylate cyclase activity of the smooth muscle cells. There is no evidence that VIP is the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic transmitter released by electrical stimulation in this preparation and responsible for rapid relaxation of the smooth muscle.
Ultrathin Selective Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Microdots Obtained by Evanescent Wave Photopolymerization (2011)

The fabrication of ultrathin selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microdots using polymerization by evanescent waves (PEW) is demonstrated for the first time. A specific prepolymerization mixture exhibiting suitable photosentivity at 405 nm was developed, containing in particular the visible-light photoinitiator bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide. PEW allows for nanometric resolution of the MIP dots in the z-scale. Within a few seconds, it is possible to generate molecularly imprinted microdots with sub-100 nm thickness. The amino acid Z-(l)-phenylalanine was used as model imprinting template, and the fluorescent dansyl-phenylalanine was employed as a fluorescently labeled derivative for the recognition tests. The MIP microdots showed specific molecular recognition for (l)-phenylalanine derivatives and were able to discriminate dansyl-(l)-phenylalanine from dansyl-(d)-phenylalanine.
Microprocessor based relays in controlling and monitoring power system networks (1989)

Some examples of microprocessor based equipment for controlling and monitoring power system networks are given. These include an autoreclosure relay for transmission systems, an autoreclosure relay for distribution systems and a disturbance recorder. The security of power systems depends very much on the co-ordination of protection, control and monitoring equipment. Provided that these function correctly, power system operation is safeguarded.<
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A controller for the mobile logic unit in the BTL high capacity mobile telecommunications system (1976)

In the BTL-developed High Capacity Mobile Telecommunications System, a digital controller within the mobile Logic Unit allows mobiles to communicate with Cell Sites by means of a high-speed radio data link, and interacts with the user via switches and displays. This paper presents an overview of the controller. The switching and control functions that it performs and digital messages involved are first briefly described. This is followed by a description of its hardware design that exploits a microprocessor as the central processing unit.
Hair Cell Regeneration in the Inner Ear (1994)

Hearing and balance disorders caused by the loss of inner ear hair cells is a common problem encountered in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. The postembryonic production of hair cells in cold-blooded vertebrates has been known for several decades, and recent studies in the avian inner ear after ototoxic drug and noise damage have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for both anatomic and functional recovery. The regeneration of sensory hair cells has been shown to be integral to this repair process. Current work is focusing on the cellular progenitor source of new hair cells and the trigger mechanism responsible for inducing hair cell regeneration. Preliminary studies suggest that reparative proliferation may also occur in the mammalian inner ear. Work in this field is moving at a rapid pace. The results thus far have yielded optimism that direct stimulation of hair cell production or transplantation of living hair cells may eventually become treatment modalities for the damaged human inner ear. These proposals would have been considered unrealistic less than 10 years ago, but they now have caught the full attention of both clinician and researcher.
A full-coverage, high-resolution human chromosome 22 genomic microarray for clinical and research applications (2002)

We have constructed the first comprehensive microarray representing a human chromosome for analysis of DNA copy number variation. This chromosome 22 array covers 34.7 Mb, representing 1.1% of the genome, with an average resolution of 75 kb. To demonstrate the utility of the array, we have applied it to profile acral melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, DiGeorge syndrome and neurofibromatosis 2. We accurately diagnosed homozygous/heterozygous deletions, amplifications/gains, IGLV/IGLC locus instability, and breakpoints of an imbalanced translocation. We further identified the 14-3-3 eta isoform as a candidate tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. Two significant methodological advances in array construction were also developed and validated. These include a strictly sequence defined, repeat-free, and non-redundant strategy for array preparation. This approach allows an increase in array resolution and analysis of any locus; disregarding common repeats, genomic clone availability and sequence redundancy. In addition, we report that the application of phi29 DNA polymerase is advantageous in microarray preparation. A broad spectrum of issues in medical research and diagnostics can be approached using the array. This well annotated and gene-rich autosome contains numerous uncharacterized disease genes. It is therefore crucial to associate these genes to specific 22q-related conditions and this array will be instrumental towards this goal. Furthermore, comprehensive epigenetic profiling of 22q-located genes and high-resolution analysis of replication timing across the entire chromosome can be studied using our array.
Chiral skyrmions in cubic helimagnet films: The role of uniaxial anisotropy (2014)

This paper reports on magnetometry and magnetoresistance measurements of MnSi epilayers performed in out-of-plane magnetic fields. We present a theoretical analysis of the chiral modulations that arise in confined cubic helimagnets where the uniaxial anisotropy axis and magnetic field are both out-of-plane. In contrast to in-plane field measurements [Wilson et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 144420 (2012)], the hard-axis uniaxial anisotropy in MnSi/Si(111) increases the energy of (111)-oriented skyrmions and in-plane helicoids relative to the cone phase, and it makes the cone phase the only stable magnetic texture below the saturation field. While induced uniaxial anisotropy is important in stabilizing skyrmion lattices and helicoids in other confined cubic helimagnets, the particular anisotropy in MnSi/Si(111) entirely suppresses these states in an out-of-plane magnetic field. However, it is predicted that isolated skyrmions with enlarged sizes exist in MnSi/Si(111) epilayers in a broad range of out-of-plane magnetic fields. These results reveal the importance of the symmetry of the anisotropies in bulk and confined cubic helimagnets in the formation of chiral modulations, and they provide additional evidence of the physical nature of the $A$-phase states in other B20 compounds.
Perceptual challenges in auditory neural processing in neurodegenerative conditions like Fredereich Ataxia (2012)

Friedreich ataxia (FA) is considered as a neurodegenerative disorder and is the most frequent type of hereditary
ataxia. FA is characterized by degeneration in several spinal tracts, dorsal roots and peripheral nerves.
Due to the disruption in the neural function, these individuals pose certain perceptual challenges in understanding speech in the presence of noise. Auditory nerve is considered as an important structure for the neural processing of acoustic sounds. Any break down
in its function will result in auditory processing deficits. These difficulties can only be identified with detailed test battery approach which includes both behavioural and electrophysiological tests. Therefore in the present case study, we aim to highlight the auditory
processing deficits in FA which resulted in the identification of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) a rare neural disorder seen in individuals with FA. Further it sheds light in to the possible management options in individual with ANSD.
Twenty-five hydroxycholecalciferol as a cholecalciferol substitute in broiler breeder hen diets and its effect on the performance and general health of the progeny (2005)

An experiment was conducted with broiler breeder hens to determine the relative biological value of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) compared with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for hen-day egg production, hatchability, embryo mortality (early, 1 to 10 d of incubation, late, 11 to 21 d), and body ash of the progeny. The study was conducted with 73-to-90-wk-old molted Ross broiler breeder hens in an environment excluding ultraviolet light. A basal vitamin D3 deficient diet supplemented with 4 levels of vitamin D3 (0, 3,125, 12,500, and 50,000 ng/kg of diet) and 2 levels of 25-OHD3 (3,125 and 12,500 ng/kg of diet) was fed. The relative biological values of 25-OHD3 in comparison to vitamin D3, using slope ratio techniques, were 138, 133, 128, and 111% for hen-day egg production, hatchability, late embryo mortality, and body ash of the progeny,, respectively (average = 128%). When comparing 25-OHD3 against D3 at the 3,125 ng/kg level, the relative biological values were 209, 167, 400, and 108% for the same criteria, respectively (average = 221%). However, at the 12,500 ng/kg level no statistical differences between 25-OHD3 and D3 were observed (average = 108%). Four trials were conducted to determine the effect of the maternal diet on the performance and leg abnormalities of the hens' progeny. In experiment 1, no vitamin D was added to the corn-soybean meal basal diet fed to the chicks, and in experiments 2, 3, and 4 the basal diet was supplemented with 27.5 microg of D3/kg of diet. In the progeny study, the average relative biological value of 25-OHD3 at the 3,125 and 12,500 ng/kg levels were 115 and 101%, respectively. The potency of 25-OHD3 in relation to vitamin D3 depended on the level tested. When comparing vitamin D sources, 25-OHD3 had greater potency than D3 only at very low levels of supplementation.
Comparison of wave power extraction by a compact array of small buoys and by a large buoy (2010)

Wave energy converters are usually designed to achieve maximum efficiency by impedance matching with the incoming waves. One of the simplest design is a buoy attached to an energy absorber (power-takeoff devise). For maximum efficiency, the buoy must be large enough in order to resonate at the peak frequency of the incident sea, and the extraction rate is the same as the rate of radiation damping. With one or few degrees of freedom the resonance peak(s) is(are) usually band-limited. The latter feature is common to all wave-power absorbers based on impedance matching. Inspired by the FO3 system being developed in Norway by Fred Olsen and ABB Associates, and the Manchester Bobber from UK, the authors examine theoretically power extraction by a compact array of small buoys, that do not resonate but possess many degrees of freedom. It is shown that such systems have certain advantages over a single large buoy.
Differential DNA binding properties of three human homeodomain proteins (1992)

The products of three human homeobox containing (HOX) genes, 2C, 3C and 4B, were produced in insect cells using the Baculovirus expression system and purified to near homogeneity. In this system we observed that the DNA binding forms of the three proteins are not glycosylated. HOX 3C and 4B are phosphorylated in insect cells, while HOX 2C is not. The three HOX proteins bind to a DNA sequence known to be a target site for Antennapedia protein with a very similar affinity (Kd = 1-2 x 10(-9) M). We then measured their binding properties to four human sequences present in the HOX 3D, 4C, 1C and 4B promoters. Two of these sequences have been reported to be binding sites for HOX proteins. HOX 2C, 3C and 4B behaved quite differently, showing low affinity for promoters of genes located upstream from their own gene in the HOX clusters and a higher affinity for regulatory sequences of their own gene and downstream HOX genes.