gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diclofenac sodium loaded-cellulose acetate butyrate: Effect of processing variables on microparticles properties, drug release kinetics and ulcerogenic activity (2008)

The aim of this study was to develop and characterize diclofenac sodium loaded-cellulose acetate butyrate microparticles in order to obtain a controlled-release system. The influence of the type of polymer, the volume and composition of the internal phase, drug loading, surfactant concentration and additive added on microparticles characteristics (particle size, encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology and in vitro release profiles) was studied to optimize the microparticles system. The resultant microparticles were evaluated for the recovery, average particle size, drug loading and incorporation efficiency. The microparticles exhibited good flowing nature and compressibility index when compared to pure drug. Dissolution rate of diclofenac sodium in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) increased with increases in initial drug loading, surfactant concentration and addition of alcohol as co-solvent but decreased with increases in the concentration of additives such as Gantrez AN or Eudragit S100 in the internal phase. The dissolution data showed a Higuchi diffusion pattern for most of the formulations. About 56-81% reduction in ulcerogenic activity was observed with microparticles containing Eudragit S100 17-25%, based on total polymer concentration, when compared with pure diclofenac sodium.
Advances in Expert Systems (2012)

Intelligent systems, known as expert systems, serve to this purpose in the extent that they have signed as facilitators in this process. These are systems that are based on expert knowledge, on any subject, in order to emulate human expertise in the specific field. To obtain this knowledge, the knowledge engineers, also called software engineers, need to develop methodologies for intelligent systems. In this area there is still no unified methodology that provides effective methods, notations and tools to aid in development.
Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles using <i>Euphorbia serpens</i> Kunth Aqueous Extract, Their Characterization, and Investigation of Its <i>In Vitro</i> Antioxidative, Antimicrobial, Insecticidal, and Cytotoxic Activities (2022)

The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized via green synthesis approach using <i>Euporbia serpens</i> Kunth aqueous extract. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and Furrier Transformer Infra-Red spectroscopy to justify the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs from its precursors. AgNPs characteristic absorption peak was observed at 420 nm in the UV-visible spectrum. The SEM and TEM analysis demonstrated the spherical shape of the synthesized nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 30 nm to 80 nm. FTIR transmission bands at 2920 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 1639 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 1410 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 3290 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 1085 cm<sup>-1</sup> were attributed to C-H, C=O, C-C, N-H, and C-N functional groups, respectively. XRD peaks could be attributed to (111), (200), (220), and (311) crystalline plane of the faced-centered cube (FCC) crystalline structure of the metallic silver nanoparticles. The AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria at each concentration. The particles were found to be more active against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) with 20 ± 06 mm and <i>Salmonella typhi</i> (<i>S. typhi</i>) with 18 ± 0.5 mm zone of inhibition in reference to standard antibiotic amoxicillin with 23 ± 0.3 mm and 20 ± 0.4 mm zone of inhibition, respectively. Moderate antifungal activities were observed against <i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>C. albicans</i>) and <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (<i>A. alternata</i>) with zone of inhibitions 16.5 mm and 15 mm, respectively, compared to the standard with 23 mm of inhibition. Insignificant antifungal inhibition of 7.5 mm was observed against <i>Fusarium gramium</i> (<i>F. gramium</i>). All the tested concentrations of AgNPs showed comparable % RSA with the standard reference ascorbic acid in the range sixty percent to seventy five percent. The percent motility at 3 hours postincubation showed quick response and most <i>Tetramorium caespitum</i> were found deceased or paralyzed. Similarly, the percent mortality showed a linear response at concentration and time. It was observed that 1 <i>μ</i>g/mL to 2 <i>μ</i>g/mL concentration of AgNPs displayed a significant cytotoxic activity against <i>Artemia salina</i> with <i>LD<sub>50</sub></i> of 5.37 and 5.82, respectively.
Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping of Rice Straw IV: Physico-Chemical Characterization of Acetic Acid Lignins from Rice Straw and Woods. Part 2. Chemical Structures (1999)

Summary Acetic acid lignins from rice straw (RLs), birch (BL) and fir (FL) were chemically characterized by means of elementary analysis, functional groups analysis, alkaline nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation, Mannich reactivity and other techniques. The results showed that RLs had higher contents of residual polysaccharide and protein, and remarkably fewer acetyl groups than BL and FL. Results of nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation indicated that RLs were remarkably more condensed than the native lignin in rice straw. In addition, the results of Mannich reactivity showed that RLs were more reactive toward modification than BL and FL, and might be a good raw material for lignin derivatives, such as lignin adhesives and chelating resins.
Hadamard–Transform Image Scanning (1970)

We point out the applicability of optical Hadamard-transform coding to detector-noise-limited image scanning and give approximate signal-to-noise ratio gains over conventional point-by-point scanning for several whole-image multiplex scanning schemes.
Low‐dose prednisolone in addition to the initial disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug in patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis reduces joint destruction and increases the remission rate: A two‐year randomized trial (2005)

Prednisolone at 7.5 mg/day added to the initial DMARD retarded the progression of radiographic damage after 2 years in patients with early RA, provided a high remission rate, and was well tolerated. Therefore, the data support the use of low-dose prednisolone as an adjunct to DMARDs in early active RA.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Mechanism of Skin Tumorigenesis by Straight-Run and Cracked Petroleum Middle Distillates (1998)

The role of skin irritation and other factors on the tumorigenic activity of petroleum middle distlllates (PMDs) in mice was examined in a comprehensive research program. The program culminated in a 2-year dermal carcinogenicity study which compared the effects of equal weekly doses of irritating and nonirritating PMDs. Modified Ames mutagenicity studies and three- to seven-ring polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) analyses indicated that the mutagenic activity of PMDs was correlated to PAC content In subchronic and subacute studies, PMDs produced marked skin irritation which was ameliorated if the test samples were diluted in mineral oil. The reduction in irritation level was not a result of reduced dermal absorption. Straight-run kerosine (SRK), straight-run gas oil (SRGO), and catalytically cracked light cyde oil (LCO) were evaluated in the dermal carcinogenicity study. Test materials were applied either undiluted (2×/week) or as 28.5% (7×/week) or 50% (4×/ week) concentrations in mineral oil for a total weekly dose of 100 μl PMD per animal All three materials produced moderate to marked skin irritation and increased tumor frequency when applied undiluted. When diluted, the irritant effects of SRK and SRGO, which contain low levels of PACs, were ameliorated, and there were no Significant increases in tumors relative to controls. LCO, containing 8 7% three- to seven-ring PACS, increased turnor frequency when diluted, even when skin irritation was limited. These data indicate that the tumorigenic activity of straight-run MDs is likely a consequence of a nongenotoxic process, associated with frequent cell damage and repair. PMDs which contain low levels of three- to seven-ring PACs are unlikely to cause tumors in the absence of prolonged skin irritation. In addition, genotoxic mechanisms may also contribute to tumor formation for other PMDs cantaining higher levels of PACs, e.g., products blended with cracked stocks.
A novel approach to extract triangle strips for iso-surfaces in volumes (2004)

The Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm is a popular approach to extract iso-surfaces from volumetric data. This approach extracts triangles from the volume data for a specific iso-value using a table lookup approach. The lookup entry in the MC is a name value pair, where the name is a number that uniquely identifies a cube topology and the value is the set of triangles for that topology. The MC applies a divide-and-conquer strategy by subdividing the volume into cubes with voxels at each corner of the cube and processes these cubes in a specific order. Thus, for a user specified iso-value, the MC looks up triangles for each cube and thereby generates the whole iso-surface. Most modern graphics hardware renders triangles faster if they are rendered collectively as triangle strips as opposed to individual triangles. Therefore, in this paper we have modified the MC lookup table approach such that the name is the cube topology and the value is a sub-surface piece(s) and its face-index representation. At the time of extraction we tessellate the sub-surface pieces by considering the pieces in the neighboring cubes using the face-index representation and then triangulate these tessellated sub-surface pieces into triangle strips. Our approach is superior to the existing approaches. Its features include: (1) simplicity, (2) procedural triangulation which avoids painful pre-computation, and (3) face-index representation of surface pieces that enables an efficient connection mechanism.
Detection of WA B cells in hepatitis C virus infection: A potential prognostic marker for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and B cell malignancies (2010)

By identification of the WA Xid, WA B cells can be detected in asymptomatic HCV-infected patients. WA B cells in asymptomatic patients with HCV infection may be a marker for the development of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and associated B cell malignancies. The results of this study provide a basis for the development of the first practical clinical application of cross-idiotype analysis.
Antibacterial peptides and proteins with multiple cellular targets (2005)

Native antimicrobial peptides and proteins represent bridges between innate and adaptive immunity in mammals. On the one hand they possess direct bacterial killing properties, partly by disintegrating bacterial membranes, and some also by inhibiting functions of intracellular biopolymers. On the other, native antimicrobial peptides and proteins upregulate the host defense as chemoattractants or by various additional immunostimulatory effects. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate that residues responsible for the activities on bacterial membranes or for the secondary functions do not perfectly overlap. In reality, in spite of the relatively short size (18-20 amino acid residues) of some of these molecules, the functional domains can frequently be separated, with the cell-penetrating fragments located at the C-termini and the protein binding domains found upstream. As a cumulative effect, multifunctional and target-specific (agonist or antagonist) antimicrobial peptides and proteins interfere with more than one bacterial function at low concentrations, eliminating toxicity concerns of the earlier generations of antibacterial peptides observed in the clinical setting.
Singularities and regularities on line pictures via symmetrical trapezoids (2002)

An algorithm that decomposes a line image into singular and regular regions is presented. We define a contour trapezoid as the building block for the regular regions, and postulate a maximal trapezoid set as the core of the regular regions. Then, we describe an algorithm that calculates a maximal trapezoid set of a polygon and show how to use it to find a skeleton of a polygonal approximation of a contour. Several experiments are explained to show the behavior of the new concept on real images as compared to previous algorithms and criteria.
A Study of the Frictional Properties of 1×1 Rib-knitted Cotton Fabrics (2000)

A new frictional constant is suggested to characterize the surface mechanical properties of 1×1 rib-knitted cotton fabrics. This study examines the influence of structural variables on the frictional properties of knitted cotton fabrics. The results indicate that both the loop length and the yarn linear density influence the fabric-on-fabric frictional properties. The variation in the structure of knitted fabrics is reflected in the frictional properties as defined by the new frictional constant. A statistical relationship is established between the frictional constant and the variables that exert some influence such as the loop length and the yarn linear density.
Propeller-like Hydrogen-Bonded Banana−Melamine Complexes Inducing Helical Supramolecular Organizations (2006)

The results of the study presented here show a new example of the use of liquid crystals and the interactions involved in the mesomorphic state to build up complex molecular organizations. We have pursued a design strategy in which hydrogen bonding allows the combination of the pi-stacking tendency of melamine and the lateral interaction capability of V-shaped molecules, which has been extensively demonstrated through nematic, smectic, or columnar mesophases. This combination addresses the formation of columnar arrangements with inherent helical organization. In this work, nonmesomorphic as well as mesomorphic V-shaped acids, with a structure similar to banana liquid crystals, have been complexed to a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative in a proportion 3 to 1, respectively. Hydrogen-bonded supramolecules whose formation and stability in solution have been proven by infrared and NMR techniques have been thus obtained. DOSY experiments have allowed us to assess in solution the presence of the complexes and their tetrameric composition. All the complexes display mesogenic ability, and their mesomorphic organization has been studied by X-ray diffraction and CD spectroscopy. Results allow us to propose a helical columnar model for the mesophase originated from a propeller-like conformation of the supramolecular complexes.
AMINO-METHYL-CYCLOHEXANE-CARBOXYLIC ACID: AMCHA (1962)

1) A new potent inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system was found. Its chemical name was 1-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexane-4-carboxylic acid and abbrevi-ated as AMCHA in our laboratories.2) The inhibitory effect of AMCHA in vitro was far more potent than that of EACA when examined by the fibrinolytic system.3) The inhibitory effect of AMCHA given to rabbits intravenously or orally was also more potent than that of EACA when the effect was examined by the streptokinase activation test of blood samples taken at various intervals.4) Reversal by AMCHA of the accelerated fibrinolysis in circulatory blood produced in rabbits by streptokinase was demonstrated.
An efficient method of fault simulation for digital circuits modeled from boolean gates and memories (1977)

The ability to predict the behavior of digital circuits containing faults is required for the verification and automatic generation of fault detection tests, and for the creation of fault dictionaries. The most common method of prediction is with a fault simulation program.Fault simulators simulate the fault-free (good) circuit and each of the possible faulty circuits. In most cases, the faulty circuit is assumed to contain only a single fault modeled as either a component input or output stuck-at-0 (SA0) or stuck-at-1 (SA1). Even so, a typical circuit may imply hundreds to thousands of possible faulty circuits. Reducing the cost of simulating large numbers of faulty circuits is the first major consideration in fault simulation.
Similar pigmentation characteristics in the specific-locus and the mammalian spot test (1985)

Animals with the same genetic constitution have similar pigmentation characteristics in both the specific-locus and the mammalian spot test. By microscopical analysis it is possible to distinguish between the following genotypes: a/a, p/p--light gray spots; a/a, d/d--gray spots; a/a, cch/c--light brown spots; a/a, b/b--brown spots; a/a, p cch/p cch--near-white spots; a/a, P C/P C--black spots. Near-white and black spots are presumed products of reciprocal recombination, especially if appearing simultaneously as a twin spot.
Assessing the position of the tracheal tube The reliability of different methods (1989)

Various methods have been developed to confirm proper intubation of the trachea. This blind, randomised study evaluates some of these quantitatively and qualitatively. Forty patients had both their trachea and oesophagus intubated. A procedure that included auscultation of the upper abdomen and lungs was 100% reliable independent of which tube was ventilated. Auscultation of the lungs resulted in a wrong conclusion in 15% (6-30, 95% confidence limits) of the cases when the oesophagus was ventilated: the sounds were misinterpretated as normal breath sounds. Suction on the tubes with a 60-ml syringe was also a reliable test. Other methods assessed were observation for condensation of water vapor, and abnormal movements of the upper abdomen; these were unreliable.
Intracerebroventricular delivery of hematopoietic progenitors results in rapid and robust engraftment of microglia-like cells (2017)

Recent evidence indicates that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can serve as vehicles for therapeutic molecular delivery to the brain by contributing to the turnover of resident myeloid cell populations. However, such engraftment needs to be fast and efficient to exert its therapeutic potential for diseases affecting the central nervous system. Moreover, the nature of the cells reconstituted after transplantation and whether they could comprise bona fide microglia remain to be assessed. We demonstrate that transplantation of HSPCs in the cerebral lateral ventricles provides rapid engraftment of morphologically, antigenically, and transcriptionally dependable microglia-like cells. We show that the cells comprised within the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and enriched early progenitor fractions generate this microglia-like population when injected in the brain ventricles in the absence of engraftment in the bone marrow. This delivery route has therapeutic relevance because it increases the delivery of therapeutic molecules to the brain, as shown in a humanized animal model of a prototypical lysosomal storage disease affecting the central nervous system.
Barrett's Esophagus: Diagnosis, Screening, Surveillance, and Controversies (2007)

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a frequent complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease, an acquired condition resulting from persistent mucosal injury to the esophagus. The incidence of Barrett's metaplasia and Barrett's adenocarcinoma has been increasing, but the prognosis of Barrett's adenocarcinoma is worse because individuals present at a late stage. Attempts have been made to intervene at early stage using surveillance programmes, although proof of efficacy of endoscopic surveillance is lacking. There is much to be learned about BE. Whether adequate control of gastroesophageal reflux early in the disease alters the natural history of Barrett's change once it has developed remains unanswered. Thus there is great need for carefully designed large randomised controlled trials to address these issues in order to determine how best to manage patients with BE. The AspECT and BOSS clinical trials proride this basis.
Timing Synchronisation for OFDM-WLANs with Time Averaging Scheme (2006)

The IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard is based on random access, such that the receiver does not know exactly when a packet starts. The conventional maximum likelihood (ML) method to packet detection and time synchronisation is based on the auto and cross correlation functions. Its performance suffers from multipath channel fading in low SNR scenarios. In this paper a robust synchronisation scheme exploits the time averaging technique based only on the short training sequence (STS). The paper also investigates the effect of cyclic delay diversity (CDD) introduced by multiple antenna transmission and presents a comparison with the maximum likelihood (ML) method to time synchronisation
Peripheral Arterial Disease in People With Diabetes (2004)

As a general internist, I read the newest American Diabetes Association consensus statement (1) on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in diabetic patients with great interest. In the statement, it is recommended that “a screening ABI (ankle-brachial index) should be performed in patients >50 years of …
Solid state diffusion bonding of Inconel 718 (2001)

Solid state diffusion bonding of Inconel 718 has been studied. Mechanical tests and metallographic examinations were used to evaluate the joint quality. The effect of bonding time, temperature, and pressure on the joint integrity was assessed. The results showed thatpartial recrystallisation occurs in joints bonded attemperatures lower than 970°C. In addition, large amounts of δ phase precipitates were also found and both the ductility and the tensile strength were poor. Nevertheless, the joint strength was comparable to thatof the parent metal when bonding was carried outat temperatures greater than 970°C. When bondingwas carried out at 1000°C, a pressure of 32 MPa, and a bonding time of 30 min, the joint tensile strength obtained was 874 MPa. There was no further improvement with increasing bonding time beyond 240 min.
An indoor augmented-reality evacuation system for the Smartphone using personalized Pedometry (2012)

Abstract There currently exist widely used mobile phone emergency applications for the smartphone and limited mobile emergency applications for indoor environments. However, the outdoor applications only focus primarily on providing accident information to users, and the indoor applications are limited by the unavailability of GPS user-positioning and by WiFi-based access problems. To compensate for these limitations, we propose the RescueMe system, which uses an indoor mobile Augmented Reality application, personalized pedometry, and an optimal exit path algorithm. Together these components comprise a system that can quickly and easily recommend an efficient exit path to mobile phone users in emergency situations. We have developed the mobile-based RescueMe system for use in large-scale buildings that contain complex paths. We show how RescueMe leverages the sensors on a smartphone and utilizes Augmented Reality, cloud information, daily-based user walking patterns, and an adaptive GPS connection method, to deliver critical evacuation information to mobile phone users in indoor emergency situations.
Myocardial velocity gradients detected by Doppler imaging (1994)

Using a scanner whose colour Doppler mode has been adapted to display tissue motion (instead of blood flow), velocity gradients have been detected across the myocardium. A velocity gradient is a gradual spatial change in the value of velocity estimates. Velocity gradients have potential for assessing regional myocardial contractility. 28 M-mode scans were performed on nine normal volunteers at different locations in the left-ventricle posterior wall. In each case simultaneous Doppler M-mode and pulse-echo M-mode images were obtained. Doppler velocity gradient (DVG) was calculated from Doppler M-mode images and rate of change of wall thickness (RCWT) was calculated from pulse-echo M-mode images. In all Doppler M-mode images statistically significant velocity gradients were observed. In all but one scan, cyclically consistent peaks in DVG occur relative to the electrocardiogram waveform. 99% of systolic and 89% of early diastolic peaks in RCWT have a corresponding peak in DVG. Velocity gradients are consistent with wall thickness changes, suggesting that they have potential for assessment of myocardial contractility.