gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GENETICS OF EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE PRODUCTION IN <i>SACCHAROMYCOPSIS LIPOLYTICA</i> (1977)

Mutants of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica with reduced ability to produce zones of clearing on skim-milk agar plates were isolated and their properties studied. For 18 mutants it was possible to score unambiguously segregants of crosses between these mutants and wild type for extracellular protease production. These mutants all produce reduced levels of extracellular protease in liquid culture. The mutations are recessive and are in nuclear genes. The 18 mutations define 10 or 11 complementation groups, no two of which are closely linked. Mutants in four of the complementation groups also produced reduced levels of extracellular RNAse, and the reduced levels of extracellular protease and RNAse production segregate together. Five of the mutants exhibited reduced mating frequency, and one mutant was osmotic remedial for extracellular protease production. These results demonstrate that many genes can affect extracellular protease production. Besides mutations in the structural gene and in regulatory genes, mutations are likely to be in genes involved in steps common to the production of several extracellular enzymes or in genes coding for cell wall or membrane components necessary for extracellular enzyme production.
Intraoperative Fluorescent Cholangiography Using Indocyanine Green: A Biliary Road Map for Safe Surgery (2008)

Ishizawa, Takeaki MD; Tamura, Sumihito MD; Masuda, Koichi MD; Aoki, Taku MD, PhD; Hasegawa, Kiyoshi MD, PhD; Imamura, Hiroshi MD, PhD; Beck, Yoshifumi MD, PhD; Kokudo, Norihiro MD, PhD Author Information
A quantitative test for oestrogenic activity using rat endometrium lactate dehydrogenase (1981)

In ovariectomized rats treatment with ethinyloestradiol (EOe) po started 1 week after castration and given for 4 days resulted in an increase of endometrial lactate dehydrogenase per DNA (LDH/DNA). The lambda of the dose-response curve was 0.178. In subsequent experiments EOe was used as a standard and the oestrogenic activity of four steroids given po was compared. The effect of testosterone was studied using oestradiol as a standard. If the activity of EOe is 1, the relative oestrogenic potencies of oestriol succinate, oestradiol decanoate, 11 beta-methyoxymethyl-17 alpha-ethinyl-delta 1,3,5(10)-oestratriene-3,17 beta-diol and 11 beta-methoxymethyl-delta 1,3,5(10)-oestratriene-3,16 alpha,17 beta-triol were 0.074, 0.7, 12.5 and 32, respectively. The results of the test were compared with the relative potencies of these four compounds in two biological tests, viz. the vaginal cornification in ovariectomized adult rats and stimulation of the uterine growth in immature intact rats. The relative oestrogenic potencies as measured by an increase in the endometrial LDH/DNA were in better agreement with those found in the vaginal cornification assay than with those in the uterine growth stimulation test. Testosterone caused no significant changes of LDH/DNA. We conclude that the increase in LDH/DNA in the endometrium of ovariectomized rats can be used as a quantitative assay for oestrogenic potency.
Self-Structuring in Amphiphilic Networks Prepared by Single Conventional Radical Copolymerization of <i>n</i>-Butyl Methacrylate and Vinylpyrrolidone (2013)

Amphiphilic networks segregated in hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains are very attractive materials because they show unique properties related to the combination of both components. In this work, these types of networks have been obtained in a very simple way by a single standard bulk radical photocopolymerization of vinylpyrrolidone, and n-butyl methacrylate, in the presence of 1 mol % of cross-linkers with different methacrylate or VP-like functionalities. The cross-linker functionalities have been shown to have a strong influence on the sol content and on the different properties of the materials, such as segregation or the variation of the storage modulus with temperature and hydration. The compositional data of the polymeric chains of this sol content are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of the polymerization carried out assuming that the reaction may be described compositionally by the terminal model. The most efficient cross-linking was obtained using an asymmetric cross-linker bearing simultaneously methacrylate and VP-like groups.
Not every friend on a social network can be trusted: Classifying imposters using decision trees (2012)

There is an alarming news recently revealed on media that 8.7 percent of users on Facebook are fake; this amounts to more than 83 million accounts worldwide. Consequently this huge number of fake users whose profiles were unverified translates to the potential dangers ranging from espionage, identity thievery, information misuse and loophole to privacy compromise to the users and their families. Nowadays with the popularity of online social networks (OSN), it is easy to footprint a potential target from the information easily trawled from the Web. Anyone can simply impose as somebody else that s/he claimed to be, without checking whether the information is genuine or not. For example it is so easy to impersonate one's identity on OSN by supplying fake photos and false names, which will go preemptively unchecked by Facebook. In this paper, a preliminary experiment of applying decision tree classification algorithms is presented, for identifying imposters from a pool of “friends” in Facebook. The classification approach is similar to that of classifying spams from legitimate emails except the attributes of a user's account is taken into consideration instead of text-mining the message contents. An accuracy of 92.1% is demonstrated to be achievable using the classification techniques.
A Direct Digital Control Algorithm for Control of a Single Environmental Space (1985)

A direct digital control algorithm for control of dry bulb temperature in a single environmental space is developed. The algorithm is based on a bilinear mathematical model, developed in the paper, of the response of the space dry bulb temperature and moisture content. The algorithm is somewhat unique in that it includes feedback and feedforward terms in a manner respecting the bilinear nature of the controlled process and as well, minimizes a practical performance index. The discrete time form of the algorithm is presented and simulation results given.
Wide-angle optical systems with moderate spectral resolution, for monitoring the oceans from low Earth orbit (2005)

Monitoring of the oceans from satellite requires frequent updates - preferably with global coverage in one day, excluding effects of cloud. This demands optics covering swath widths up to about 3000km, within which spatial resolution in the order 250m or less is desirable for observation of coastal zones. Wide field angles, typically around 90°, are needed for optical systems operating from altitudes that are typical for polar orbiting satellites. At least 15 resolved spectral bands are needed in the visible and near-IR regions, requiring wide-field imaging spectrometers or designs using multiple filters. Other constraints on optical design include requirements for radiometric calibration, precise spatial registration of spectral bands, good control on stray light, and insensitivity to polarisation. The paper describes two design forms in which a single optical channel provides the complete wide-angle field, with appropriate allowances for calibration etc. In the first design, a wide angle telescope is followed by a spectrometer and an area-array detector. The spectrometer uses refractive dispersion for stray light control, and gives good spatial and spectral registration. In the second design, spectral resolution is provided by a set of filters with linear array detectors. In-field separation of detectors is used to avoid a need for dichroic beam splitters or dispersive optics; spatial registration in this case demands exceptional distortion correction, that takes account of Earth curvature. Both designs provide an external entrance pupil for location of calibration hardware.
Dive into Deep Learning (2021)

This open-source book represents our attempt to make deep learning approachable, teaching readers the concepts, the context, and the code. The entire book is drafted in Jupyter notebooks, seamlessly integrating exposition figures, math, and interactive examples with self-contained code. Our goal is to offer a resource that could (i) be freely available for everyone; (ii) offer sufficient technical depth to provide a starting point on the path to actually becoming an applied machine learning scientist; (iii) include runnable code, showing readers how to solve problems in practice; (iv) allow for rapid updates, both by us and also by the community at large; (v) be complemented by a forum for interactive discussion of technical details and to answer questions.
Plant cell death caused by fungal, bacterial, and viral elicitors: protective effect of mitochondria-targeted quinones (2014)

Chitosan (partially deacetylated chitin), a component of fungal cell walls, caused epidermal cell (EC) death in the leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and tobacco Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana benthamiana detected by destruction of cell nuclei. The mitochondria-targeted quinone SkQ1 prevented the destruction of EC nuclei induced by chitosan. Chitosan increased and SkQ1 suppressed the activity of protein kinases in N. benthamiana and P. sativum and eliminated the effect of chitosan. Chitosan induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the guard cells (GC) of pea plants. Treatment with chitosan or H2O2 did not cause destruction of GC nuclei; however, it resulted in disruption of the permeability barrier of the plasma membrane detected by propidium iodide fluorescence. Treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide but not peptidoglycan caused destruction of pea EC nuclei, which was prevented by SkQ1. Leaves of tobacco plants containing the N gene responsible for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. These cells contained a genetic construct with the gene of the helicase domain of TMV replicase (p50); its protein product p50 is a target for the N-gene product. As a result, the hypersensitive response (HR) was initiated. The HR manifested itself in the death of leaves and was suppressed by SkQ3. Treatment of tobacco epidermal peels with the A. tumefaciens cells for the p50 gene expression stimulated the destruction of EC nuclei, which was inhibited by SkQ1 or SkQ3. The p50-lacking A. tumefaciens cells did not induce the destruction of EC nuclei. The protective effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants SkQ1 and SkQ3 demonstrates the involvement of mitochondria and their ROS in programmed cell death caused by pathogen elicitors.
Biochemistry of alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptors (1988)

Physiologic and pharmacologic studies provide the present basis for the classification of alpha-adrenergic receptors (Langer, 1974; Berthelsen and Pettinger, 1977; Wikberg, 1978; Starke, 1981). This classification calls for the existence of discrete alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors with the extant possibility of further subdivision among the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (Cheung et al., 1982; McGrath and Reid, 1985; Bylund, 1985). Until recently, demonstrating the actual physical existence of the unique macromole-cules representing these alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes has proved elusive. The difficulty in studying their biochemistry is primarily because most membrane-bound hormone receptors, including alpha-adrenergic receptors, are present only at very low concentrations in the cells of target tissues (i.e., frequently less than 0.001% of the total cellular protein). Therefore, a sensitive and reliable means of quantifying receptor activity was required before the biochemical characterization and purification of alpha-adrenergic receptors could progress. The means for the direct measurement of alpha-adrenergic receptor activity was acquired in 1976 with the development of [3H]dihydroergocryptine ([3H]DHE, Williams and Lefkowitz, 1976).
Study of Seat System Performance Related to Injury of Rear Seated Children and Infants in Rear Impacts (2002)

Since 1996 the NHTSA has warned of the airbag deployment injury risk to front seated children and infants, during frontal impact, and they have recommended that children be placed in the rear seating areas of motor vehicles. However, during most rear impacts the adult occupied front seats will collapse into the rear occupant area and, as such, pose another potentially serious injury risk to the rear seated children and infants who are located on rear seats that are not likely to collapse. Also, in the case of higher speed rear impacts, intrusion of the occupant compartment may cause the child to be shoved forward into the rearward collapsing front seat occupant thereby increasing impact forces to the trapped child. This study summarizes the results of more than a dozen actual accident cases involving over 2-dozen rear-seated children, where 7 children received fatal injuries, and the others received injuries ranging from severely disabling to minor injury. Types of injuries include, among others: crushed skulls and brain damage; ruptured hearts; broken and bruised legs; and death by post-crash fires when the children became entrapped behind collapsed front seat systems. Several rear-impact crash tests, utilizing sled-bucks and vehicle-to-vehicle tests, are used to examine the effects of front seat strength and various types of child restraint systems, such as booster seats and child restraint seats (both forward and rearward facing), in relation to injury potential of rear seated children and infants. The tests utilized sedan and minivan type vehicles that were subjected to speed changes ranging from about 20 to 50 kph (12 to 30 mph), with an average G level per speed change of about 9 to 15. The results indicate that children and infants seated behind a collapsing driver seat, even in low severity rear impacts of less than 25 kph, encounter a high risk of serious or fatal injury, whether or not rear intrusion takes place. Children seated in other rear seat positions away from significant front seat collapse, such as behind the stronger “belt-integrated” types of front seats or rearward but in between occupied collapsing front seat positions, are less likely to be as seriously injured.
Novel sustainable solvents for bioprocessing applications (2008)

Bioprocessing applications are gaining importance in the traditional chemical industries. With environmental, political, and economical concerns growing, research efforts have recently focused on the substitution of petroleum-derived transportation fuels and materials. As possible products and feedstocks are being investigated, it is important to ensure the new processes are also sustainable. There are several aspects to developing sustainable processes: minimize waste, use environmentally-benign chemicals, find renewable feedstocks, and limit the number of processing steps.\n\nThis thesis examines ways to enhance the sustainability of bioprocesses. Novel, alternative solvent systems are studied and applied to a variety of bioprocesses. Downstream processing steps and waste can be minimized by designing systems that combine reactions and separations into one process unit. This is accomplished by designing new reactor systems and by replacing currently used solvents. Additional studies, involving analytical techniques that reduce the use of organic solvents, are tested and applied to industrial problems. Finally, new solvent systems are examined for potential processes using renewable carbohydrate feedstock.
Matrix Type Tablet Formulation for Controlled Release of Highly Water Soluble Drugs (1994)

Matrix type formulations with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) using a polymeric binder (Eudragit RSPM®) to obtain controlled release of highly water soluble drugs has been investigated.The drug, DCPD and Eudragit RSPM® were granulated using isopropyl alcohol with and without a plasticizer (Diethyl phthalate, DEP). Addition of Eudragit did not appear to affect the release profile. However, addition of a plasticizer had a significant effect on the rate of release. The release appears to follow first order kinetics and the rate constant decreased linearly with increasing DEP concentration.A directly compressible mixture was also formulated by coating DCPD particles with DEP with and without Eudragit RSPM®.
Screening-Engineered Field-Effect Solar Cells (2012)

Photovoltaics (PV) are a promising source of clean renewable energy, but current technologies face a cost-to-efficiency trade-off that has slowed widespread implementation. We have developed a PV architecture-screening-engineered field-effect photovoltaics (SFPV)-that in principle enables fabrication of low-cost, high efficiency PV from virtually any semiconductor, including the promising but hard-to-dope metal oxides, sulfides, and phosphides. Prototype SFPV devices have been constructed and are found to operate successfully in accord with model predictions.
Omega-3 fatty acids protect retinal neurons in the DBA/2J hereditary glaucoma mouse model (2017)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3-PUFA) supplementation, alone or in combination with timolol eye drops, in a mouse model of hereditary glaucoma. DBA/2J mice (8.5-month-old) were assigned to an ω3-PUFAs + timolol, ω3-PUFAs only, timolol only, or an untreated group. Treated mice received a daily gavage administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid and/or topical instillation of timolol (0.5%) once a day for 3 months. Blood was analysed regularly to determine ω3-PUFA levels and retinas were histologically analysed. Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed for retinal pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophages. Blood arachidonic acid/EPA ratio gradually decreased and reached the desired therapeutic range (1-1.5) after 4 weeks of daily gavage with ω3-PUFAs in the ω3-PUFAs + timolol and ω3-PUFAs only groups. Retinal ganglion cell densities were significantly higher in the ω3-PUFAs + timolol (1303.77 ± 139.62/mm<sup>2</sup>), ω3-PUFAs only (768.40 ± 52.44/mm<sup>2</sup>) and timolol only (910.57 ± 57.28/mm<sup>2</sup>) groups than in the untreated group (323.39 ± 95.18/mm<sup>2</sup>). ω3-PUFA supplementation alone or timolol alone, significantly increased protein expression levels of M1 macrophage-secreted inducible nitric oxide synthase and M2 macrophage-secreted arginase-1 in the retina, which led to significant decreases in the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). ω3-PUFA supplementation alone also resulted in significantly reduced expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18). ω3-PUFA + timolol treatment had no effect on the expression level of any of the aforementioned mediators in the retina. Supplementation with ω3-PUFAs has neuroprotective effect in the retinas of DBA/2J mice that is enhanced when combined with timolol eye drops. The continued inflammation following ω3-PUFAs + timolol treatment suggests that downregulation of IL-18 and TNF-α may not be the only factors involved in ω3-PUFA-mediated neuroprotection in the retina.
Reverse Chemical Genetics (2009)

Now a major approach in the identification of certain gene product functions, reverse chemical genetics allows the identification of target genes to precede phenotypic changes created by specific smal
Construction of an apparatus for perfusion cell cultures which enables in vitro experiments under organotypic conditions. (1992)

The value of cultured cells in cell biological, pharmaceutical or biotechnological research depends on the degree of terminal cell differentiation. In conventional Petri dishes or tissue culture plates it is often difficult to achieve culture conditions which resemble the in situ situation of intact tissue, as regards optimal cell adhesion, exchange of nutrients and metabolic products. These limitations prompted us to develop simple laboratory tools which optimize the environment of cultured cells. A perfusion apparatus with various culture containers and compatible cell holder sets was constructed which allows the simulation of organotypic conditions. (i) The cells can be kept on individual and interchangeable support materials for an optimal cell attachment. (ii) Culture medium can be perfused during the whole culture period. (iii) One type of the new culture container can be perfused with different media at the apical and basal side of the cells, thus mimicking the organotypic environment that applies for epithelial monolayers. Cell culture experiments with renal collecting duct epithelia exhibited an excellent morphological appearance showing typical features of principal and intercalated cells.
Kinetics of particle generation in sputtering and reactive ion etching plasmas (1992)

Particle formation from a Si substrate in an Ar sputtering plasma and a reactive ion etching plasma of 10% CCl2F2 in Ar has been investigated by laser light scattering. The kinetics of particle growth are studied as a function of rf power and chamber pressure. Threshold behavior for particle generation has been observed with respect to rf power and pressure. In both reactive ion etching and sputtering, the smallest particles detected on the wafer are ∼0.2 μm in size. In reactive ion etching, most particles seem to have grown on the substrate itself. However, in sputtering most particles are spherical and must have been deposited from the plasma. Particle formation is correlated with redeposition in sputtering and with deposition of a surface film in reactive ion etching.
Integral equation computation of bump grating efficiencies in TE polarization (1993)

A method is described for computing the electromagnetic field that is diffracted by a grating in TE polarization. It uses a Green function that takes into account the air-substrate interface, and it is based on the solution of a two-dimensional integral equation. It is shown that this particular Green’s function reduces the integration domain to a bump emerging from the substrate and reduces dramatically the computation requirements for large-period gratings. Numerical examples are given.
Femtochemistry. Past, present, and future (2000)

Abstract This review highlights, with a historical perspective, the development of the field, with focus on the evolution since its birth in 1987, the scope of applications in present-time research, and some future developments in femtochemistry and the sibling field, femtobiology.
Channel estimation for wireless OFDM systems (2002)

A channel estimation technique is developed for an OFDM system with multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas. The approach exploits the channel structure in the time domain and the frequency domain. The method is appropriate for OFDM systems operating in a time varying channel. A multi-input-multi-output OFDM (MOFDM) system model is defined, followed by a proposed excitation strategy for sufficient identification of the channel. The estimation strategy is shown to be optimal within the class of linear MMSE estimators. Experimental results of the algorithm are provided.