gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties (2012)

Cationic homo- and co-polymerization of indene (Ind), styrene (St), limonene (Lim), and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) was performed with AlCl3 in dichloroethane at −20 °C under inert N2. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the reaction conditions on the molecular weight of polyindene (PInd) obtained by cationic polymerization with AlCl3 without an electron donor, and also to determine the effect of the use of cyclic diolefin comonomers on the polymer properties. The polymers were synthesized at a monomer/catalyst molar ratio (MR) of 100; St and Lim showed the highest and lowest reactivity, respectively. The polymers were characterized by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. PInd with a number average molecular weight (M n) of 45 × 103 g/mol and a glass transition temperature (T g) of 207 °C was obtained, whereas only oligomeric polylimonenes were obtained. Cyclic diolefins depressed both the M n and T g values of the Ind-copolymers. There was a dramatic decrease in the M n of the polymers: those obtained at a MR of 1:1 in the feed presented M n values lower than 104 g/mol, with the exception of poly(Ind-co-ENB), which is cross-linked. Poly(Ind-co-Lim) with lateral double bonds, a comonomer content of 1 to 20 mol%, and T g values in the range of 140–200 °C were obtained.
The Psychology of Mediation: Issues of Self and Identity and the IDR Cycle (2010)

Issues of self and identity raise profound and often painful questions about who we are. Psychoanalytic developmental theory considers these questions by analyzing the way the sense of self develops in childhood. On the other hand, many spiritual traditions insist that however it develops, the In recent years, there have been some important attempts to bridge the gap between these two positions. Yet, the nature of the self and its identity still remains a fundamental mystery. This article considers the self from these perspectives, and others, including neuroscience and social psychology, within the context of mediation. On a psychological level, parties in mediation typically move through a cycle of narcissistic inflation, deflation, and then, hopefully, realistic resolution. I call this the IDR cycle. This process demands strength of self on a basic, simple, healthy ego level, especially at the outset. Parties strive to be equal to the task. However, during impasse and other "critical moments," if the parties wish to reach resolution, they may have to release their psychological investments in the outcome of the negotiation. Thus, the capacity to let go is also a critical aspect of the psychology of mediation. The mediator's own issues of self and identity will also arise during mediation. During critical moments, the mediator, too, may have to release the sense of narcissistic self-investment in the outcome. Thus, our usefulness as mediators will often depend on the extent to which we have learned to deal with issues of self and identity, not only in others, but in ourselves.
PASSflow Syntheses Using Functionalized Monolithic Polymer/Glass Composites in Flow-Through Microreactors Part of these studies were supported by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the European Community (EC project number HPRI-CT-1999-00085) for which we are grateful. PASSflow=Polymer Assisted Solution-Phase Synthesis technique in flow-through mode. (2001)

A chemistapos;s wish finally becomes reality: microreactors for every synthetic laboratory! By precipitation polymerization various polymers are introduced into the irregular pore system of a porous glass rod. By embedding these rods into a housing, followed by functionalization and immobilization of reagents onto the polymer phase, versatile microreactors are obtained. With this apparatus, chemical transformations in solution can be performed, for example, a steroid derivatization.
Antigenic Subversion: A Novel Mechanism of Host Immune Evasion by Ebola Virus (2012)

In addition to its surface glycoprotein (GP(1,2)), Ebola virus (EBOV) directs the production of large quantities of a truncated glycoprotein isoform (sGP) that is secreted into the extracellular space. The generation of secreted antigens has been studied in several viruses and suggested as a mechanism of host immune evasion through absorption of antibodies and interference with antibody-mediated clearance. However such a role has not been conclusively determined for the Ebola virus sGP. In this study, we immunized mice with DNA constructs expressing GP(1,2) and/or sGP, and demonstrate that sGP can efficiently compete for anti-GP(12) antibodies, but only from mice that have been immunized by sGP. We term this phenomenon "antigenic subversion", and propose a model whereby sGP redirects the host antibody response to focus on epitopes which it shares with membrane-bound GP(1,2), thereby allowing it to absorb anti-GP(1,2) antibodies. Unexpectedly, we found that sGP can also subvert a previously immunized host's anti-GP(1,2) response resulting in strong cross-reactivity with sGP. This finding is particularly relevant to EBOV vaccinology since it underscores the importance of eliciting robust immunity that is sufficient to rapidly clear an infection before antigenic subversion can occur. Antigenic subversion represents a novel virus escape strategy that likely helps EBOV evade host immunity, and may represent an important obstacle to EBOV vaccine design.
Density Functional Theory Study of Anionic and Neutral Per-Substituted 12-Vertex Boron Cage Systems, B<sub>12</sub>X<sub>12</sub><i><sup>n</sup></i><sup>-</sup> (<i>n</i> = 2, 1, 0) (2002)

The 12(12) closomers form a rapidly expanding class of compounds where a 12-vertex cage is surrounded by 12 identical substituents. Density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) is used to study a number of these closomers in different states of oxidation (dianion, radical anion, and neutral cages). The cage stability increases as the group electronegativity of the substituent increases. Also, the 12(12) closomer becomes easier to oxidize as the Hammett sigma(p) parameter becomes more negative (electron-donating). As the closomer is oxidized, the size of the cage increases and the B-B distances become more asymmetric. The Raman-active breathing mode in the 404-434 cm(-1) range moves to lower frequency as the cage is oxidized, which is caused by removing one or two electrons from a cage-bonding molecular orbital.
Synthesis and characterization of star‐shaped poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) copolymers by melt polycondensation (2011)

Abstract Compared with linear diblock or triblock poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly( L ‐lactic acid) copolymer (PEG‐b‐PLLA), star‐shaped PEG‐b‐PLLA (sPEG‐b‐PLLA) copolymers exhibit smaller hydrodynamic radius and lower viscosity and are expected to display peculiar morphologies, thermal properties, and degradation profiles. Compared with the synthesis routine of PEG‐b‐PLLA form lactide and PEG, the traditional synthesis routine from LA and PEG were suffered by the low reaction efficiency, low purity, lower molecular weight, and wide molecular weight distribution. In this article, multiarm sPEG‐b‐PLLA copolymer was prepared from multiarm sPEG and L ‐lactic acid (LLA using an improved method of melt polycondensation, in which two types of sPEG, that is, sPEG 1 (four arm, Mn = 4300) and sPEG 2 (three arm, Mn = 3200) were chosen as the core. It was found the molecular weight of sPEG‐b‐PLLA could be strongly affected by the purity of LLA and sPEGs, and the purification technology of vacuum dewater and vacuum distillation could help to remove most of the impurities in commercial available LLA. The polymers, including sPEG and sPEG‐b‐PLLA with varied core (sPEG 1 and sPEG 2 ) and LLA/sPEG feeding ratios, were characterized and confirmed by 1 H‐NMR and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and gel permeation chromatography, which showed that the terminal hydroxyl group in each arm of sPEGs had reacted with LLA to form sPEG‐b‐PLLA copolymers with fairly narrow molecular weight distribution. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Profiling of the Tetraspanin Web of Human Colon Cancer Cells (2006)

Tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In cancer, clinical and experimental studies have reported a link between tetraspanin expression levels and metastasis. Tetraspanins play a role as organizers of multimolecular complexes in the plasma membrane. Indeed each tetraspanin associates specifically with one or a few other membrane proteins forming primary complexes. Thus, tetraspanin-tetraspanin associations lead to a molecular network of interactions, the "tetraspanin web." We performed a proteomic characterization of the tetraspanin web using a model of human colon cancer consisting of three cell lines derived from the primary tumor and two metastases (hepatic and peritoneal) from the same patient. The tetraspanin complexes were isolated after immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibodies directed against the tetraspanin CD9, and the associated proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by mass spectrometry using LC-MS/MS. This allowed the identification of 32 proteins including adhesion molecules (integrins, proteins with Ig domains, CD44, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule) (EpCAM), membrane proteases (ADAM10, TADG-15, and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV), and signaling proteins (heterotrimeric G proteins). Importantly some components were differentially detected in the tetraspanin web of the three cell lines: the laminin receptor Lutheran/B-cell adhesion molecule (Lu/B-CAM) was expressed only on the primary tumor cells, whereas CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tetraspanin Co-029 were observed only on metastatic cells. Concerning Co-029, immunohistofluorescence showed a high expression of Co-029 on epithelial cells in normal colon and a lower expression in tumors, whereas heterogeneity in terms of expression level was observed on metastasis. Finally we demonstrated that epithelial cell adhesion molecule and CD9 form a new primary complex in the tetraspanin web.
Inhibitors of the heat shock protein 90: from cancer clinical trials to neurodegenerative diseases (2011)

Deep insight on Inhibitors of the heat shock protein 90: from cancer clinical trials to neurodegenerative diseases.
Characteristics of Small ORC System for Low Temperature Waste Heat Recovery (2009)

This paper describes fundamental characteristics of a small organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system to be used for power generation from low temperature heat sources such as waste heat and solar energy. The aim of the study was to develop an ORC system with a small power output of less than 1 kW with a hot source with temperature ranging from 60 to 100°C and a cold source with temperature ranging from 10 to 30°C. An ORC system with a potential to produce a turbine/expander power of 250 W was built and its fundamental characteristics were elucidated. A turbine/expander was not actually installed but was simulated by controlling two expansion valves. First, steady-state energy balance of the system was examined and the required turbine/expander efficiency was estimated in consideration of pump power of the working fluid. Then, the relationship between the expansion ratio and thermal efficiency was elucidated. The most important result of the study was that for maintaining high thermal efficiency in the case that the temperature difference between hot and cold sources varies during operation, it is indispensable to employ a variable expansion mechanism by which the expansion ratio of the turbine/expander can be adjusted to fit the optimal ratio at the operating temperature level.
Three Types of Reconnaissance Mapping (1965)

This account of exploratory mapping is provided by a surveyor who started his working life as an explorer in areas where existing maps were extremely rough and rudimentary. Although the methods and results it describes will not stand comparison with modern topographical maps compiled from vertical air photographs, this frank and objective appraisal will help the 'chair-borne' cartographer to understand the importance of a thorough evaluation of some material of that type and age, which is still sometimes the best available until the new air surveys replace it.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in alcoholic patients as assessed by breath analysis. (1993)

Mitochondria of patients with alcoholic liver disease are morphologically abnormal, and mitochondria isolated from animals exposed to ethanol exhibit functional deficiencies in vitro. Because the functional consequences of the morphological alterations and the relevance of in vitro observations to mitochondrial function in alcoholic subjects are not clear, we assessed mitochondrial function noninvasively with a breath test. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring the exhalation of 14CO2 after administration of 1 microCi 2-keto[1-14C]isocaproic acid, the decarboxylation of which occurs in mitochondria. The results of the 2-keto[1-14C]isocaproic acid breath test in 17 alcoholic subjects were compared with the results in healthy controls and patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. The peak exhalation of 14CO2 and the fraction of the administered dose decarboxylated in 60 min were significantly lower in alcoholic patients than in healthy controls or patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. In alcoholic patients 2-keto[1-14C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation was impaired in the presence of normal conventional and quantitative liver function as assessed by aminopyrine breath test and galactose elimination capacity, indicating that 2-keto[1-14C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation does not simply reflect decreased functional liver mass. We conclude that mitochondrial function as reflected by 2-keto[1-14C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation is impaired in chronic alcoholic patients. The functional impairment is specific for excessive ethanol consumption and not a reflection of decreased global liver function or the presence of cirrhosis. 2-Keto[1-14C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation could thus be useful as a marker of excessive ethanol consumption.
Effect of high-intensity exercise training on lactate/H<sup>+</sup> transport capacity in human skeletal muscle (1999)

The present study examined the effect of high-intensity exercise training on muscle sarcolemmal lactate/H+ transport and the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) as well as lactate and H+ release during intense exercise in humans. One-legged knee-extensor exercise training was performed for 8 wk, and biopsies were obtained from untrained and trained vastus lateralis muscle. The rate of lactate/H+ transport determined in sarcolemmal giant vesicles was 12% higher (P < 0.05) in the trained than in untrained muscle (n = 7). The content of MCT1 and MCT4 protein was also higher (76 and 32%, respectively; n = 4) in trained muscle. Release of lactate and H+ from the quadriceps muscle at the end of intense exhaustive knee-extensor exercise was similar in the trained and untrained leg, although the estimated muscle intracellular-to-interstitial gradients of lactate and H+ were lower (P < 0.05) in the trained than in the untrained muscle. The present data show that intense exercise training can increase lactate/H+ transport capacity in human skeletal muscle as well as improve the ability of the muscle to release lactate and H+ during contractions.
Particle swarm optimization for multi-band handset antenna designs: A hybrid real-binary implementation (2008)

The hybrid real-binary particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm is applied in this paper to design a dual-band handset patch antenna operating at 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz. The unique hybrid representation of candidate antenna designs using real and binary variables enables the optimizer to benefit from the advantages of both continuous and discrete optimization techniques. With the fitness function evaluated by a MoM-based full-wave simulator, the design is accomplished in a quite limited space with a dimension of 0.23 lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> times0.13 lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> at 1.8 GHz. Measurement results demonstrate that the optimal antenna has satisfactory impedance matching and radiation characteristics at desired operating frequencies.
Increasing incidence of and declining mortality from breast carcinoma. Trends in Malmö, Sweden, 1961-1992. (1997)

Breast carcinoma incidence was strongly related to diagnostic activity, especially mammographic screening. The decrease in mortality occurred in temporal relation to the introduction of screening and adjuvant therapy, making a causal relation likely. The difference in results between Malmö and the rest of Sweden indicates an important role for screening in mortality reduction.
Educação Ambiental em Conjunto com Práticas de Recuperação de Nascente em uma Comunidade Rural de Irituia/PA (2018)

It is known that water is essential to life, so it is considered enormous richness existing on the planet. In order to enjoy this good, it is necessary to sensitize the whole society about its importance and preservation in quantity and quality. It is therefore important to clarify that quality water is a finite resource, that is, fresh water with characteristics for use and consumption is becoming increasingly scarce. Its scarcity may be due to natural interferences and the action of man. In rural properties, interference may be directly related to some agricultural and animal husbandry activities, such as, for example, removal of native vegetation, plowing, and other cultural practices that move and expose the soil. In view of the above, one can understand the importance of rural properties in the production of quality water. In this way, the objective was to mobilize and train the family of the producer in question on the importance of the preservation of the riparian forests and springs in order that they can promote the preservation of the water resources available in their property in a sustainable way. Thus, initially, a dialogue was held with the family on environmental education. The second step was to raise awareness of the degradation factors, and finally, the enrichment of the spring margins with native species was provided. The recovery of springs is slow and often the rural producer is resistant, but in the property in question, all were very receptive as to the information shared and committed in the proposed activities.
Characterization of Recombinant Glyoxylate Reductase from Thermophile <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> HB27 (2008)

A glyoxylate reductase gene from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 (TthGR) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant enzyme was highly purified to homogeneity and characterized. The purified TthGR showed thermostability up to 70 degrees C. In contrast, the maximum reaction condition was relatively mild (45 degrees C and pH 6.7). Although the kcat values against co-enzyme NADH and NADPH were similar, the Km value against co-enzyme NADH was approximately 18 times higher than that against NADPH. TthGR prefers NADPH rather than NADH as an electron donor. These results indicate that a phosphate group of a co-enzyme affects the binding affinity rather than the reaction efficiency, and TthGR demands appropriate amount of phosphate for a high activity. Furthermore, it was found that the half-lives of TthGR in the presence of 25% dimethyl sulfoxide and diethylene glycol were significantly longer than that in the absence of an organic solvent.
Identification of Periodontal Pathogens in Atherosclerotic Vessels (2005)

Viable oral bacteria could not be isolated from the atheromas, but the data confirm that DNA of periodontal pathogens can be detected in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the finding that DNA from P. intermedia constantly occured in the examined samples was new. Further studies may focus on the simultaneous occurrence of identical clones of this species in subgingival plaque and atherosclerotic plaques.
Integrative analysis of protein interaction data. (2000)

We have developed a method for the integrative analysis of protein interaction data. It comprises clustering, visualization and data integration components. The method is generally applicable for all sequenced organisms. Here, we describe in detail the combination of protein interaction data in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the functional classification of all yeast proteins. We evaluate the utility of the method by comparison with experimental data and deduce hypotheses about the functional role of so far uncharacterized proteins. Further applications of the integrative analysis method are discussed. The method presented here is powerful and flexible. We show that it is capable of mining large-scale data sets.
Signature of VDR miRNAs and epigenetic modulation of vitamin D signaling in melanoma cell lines. (2012)

Responsiveness to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) corresponds to the expression level of VDR mRNA which in turn might be regulated by VDR microRNAs or epigenetic modulating drugs.
Technology transfer process re-engineering in semiconductor industry (2004)

When R&D completes any new technology development, the next action is to phase it in from R&D to fabrication as fast as possible, in order to meet our business goal - "Time to Market". We analyzed current issues and found the "Technology Transfer" process has many opportunities to improve, or reduce technology transfer time prior to mass production. In this paper, we show how we developed a highly efficient and practicable solution to improving the transfer of new technology from R&D to the fab.
The effects of alpha adrenergic blockade on arachidonic acid metabolism and shock sequelae in endotoxemia. (1986)

Previous studies have suggested that increased alpha adrenergic activity stimulated prostaglandin synthesis and may be involved in the modulation of eicosanoid metabolism. These observations prompted investigation of the effect of the alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin on endotoxin-induced shock severity, and on plasma immunoreactive iTxB2 and i6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolites of TxA2 and PGI2, respectively. Pretreatment with indomethacin alone blunted the endotoxin- (8 mg/kg) induced hypoglycemia. Phenoxybenzamine pretreatment also blunted endotoxin-induced mortality (LD80), hypoglycemia, hemoconcentration, and decreased plasma beta-glucuronidase (BG). The combination of phenoxybenzamine and indomethacin resulted in the improvement of all indices of shock severity. Rats pretreated with phenoxybenzamine and indomethacin alone or conjointly also exhibited significantly (P less than 0.05) enhanced survival compared to that of shocked control rats. Percent survival at 48 hr was 24, 64, 80, and 92 in untreated, indomethacin, phenoxybenzamine, and indomethacin + phenoxybenzamine treated, respectively. Mean plasma iTxB2 values at 30 min postendotoxin (15 mg/kg i.v.) were 1,532 +/- 319 pg/ml (N = 10). Phenoxybenzamine pretreatment decreased iTxB2 to 719 +/- 114 pg/ml (N = 10). Phenoxybenzamine pretreatment decreased iTxB2 to 719 +/- 114 pg/ml (N = 10) (P less than 0.05). Plasma i6-keto-PGF1 alpha was increased 4 hr after endotoxin in shocked controls to 4,161 +/- 885 pg/ml (N = 5) and attenuated by phenoxybenzamine to a value of 1,184 +/- 363 pg/ml (N = 4) (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that increased alpha adrenergic activity may be an important stimulus for arachidonic acid metabolism during endotoxemia.