gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of multi-attribute decision making methods in Clinical Group Decision Support System (2007)

A development of a clinical group decision support system (CGDSS) has been carried out for diagnosing both neurosis and personality disorders. The knowledge, stored in the knowledge base, were generated from the aggregated preferences given by decision makers. Two types of preferences used here, i.e. the preferences of a mental evidence by a mental condition; and the preferences of a mental disorder by mental condition. Ordered weighted averaging operator was adopted to aggregate those preferences. This aggregation process was carried out after transforming the selected subset to fuzzy preference relation format. Then the Bayesian theorem was adopted to compute the probability of evidence given a particular disorder. After developing the knowledge base, the next step is to develop an inference engine. The method used for developing an inference engine is multiattribute decision making concept, this is because of the system was directed to choose the best disorder when a particular condition was given. Many methods have been developed to solve MADM problem, however only the SAW, WP, and TOPSIS were appropriate to solve problem here. In this knowledge base, the relation between each disorder and evidence were represented X matrix (m x n) that consist of probability value. Where the X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ij</sub> was probability of jth mental evidence given i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> mental disorder; i=1,2,...,m; and j=1,2,...,n. Sensitivity analysis process was to compute the sensitivity degree of each attribute to the ranking outcome in each method. The sensitivity analysis was aimed to determine the degree of sensitivity of each attribute to the ranking outcome of each method. This degree implies that there were a relevant between an attribute and a ranking outcome. This relevant attribute can be emitted by influence degree of attribute C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> to ranking outcome f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> . Then, relation between sensitivity degree and influence degree for each attribute, can be found by computing the Pearsonpsilas correlation coefficient. The biggest correlation coefficient shows as the best result. This research shows that TOPSIS method always has the highest correlation coefficient, and it is getting higher if the change of the ranking is increased. The experimental results shows that that TOPSIS is the appropriate method for the clinical group decision support system for the above purposes.
Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique (1993)

The assessment of vertebral fracture by conventional radiography has been refined and improved using either semiquantitative or quantitative criteria. The inter- and intraobserver variability was determined for a semiquantitative visual approach that we routinely use in clinical studies for assessing prevalent and incident vertebral fractures. In addition, the semiquantitative approach was compared with a quantitative morphometric approach. The incidence and prevalence of vertebral fractures were determined in 57 postmenopausal women (age 65-75 years) by three independent observers. The radiographic basis for fracture definitions and the source of interobserver agreement for the semiquantitative technique. We conclude that the semiquantitative approach can be applied reliably in vertebral fracture assessment when performed using well-defined criteria.
Calorimetric Investigations of Organic Reactions. I. Apparatus and Method. The Inversion of Surcrose and the Decomposition of Diacetone Alcohol<sup>1</sup> (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalorimetric Investigations of Organic Reactions. I. Apparatus and Method. The Inversion of Surcrose and the Decomposition of Diacetone Alcohol1Julian M. SturtevantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 8, 1528–1537Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01287a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01287a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relaxation of the state with induced transverse magnetic anisotropy in the soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloy Fe73.5Si13.5Nb3B9Cu1 (2012)

The residual lattice strains of nanocrystals, which are responsible for the formation of states with transverse magnetic anisotropy in samples of the Fe-Si-Nb-B-Cu alloys (Finemets) subjected to annealing under tensile loading with the subsequent relaxation annealing at temperatures in the range from 500 to 600°C, have been measured using X-ray diffraction. The relative extension and compression of interplanar spacings have been compared with the induced magnetic anisotropy constants determined from the magnetic hysteresis loops. It has been shown that, during the relaxation annealing at the nanocrystallization temperature (500–540°C), the observed decrease in the residual strains is accompanied by a decrease in the transverse magnetic anisotropy constant. A linear correlation between the relative extension and compression of the interplanar spacings for different crystallographic planes and magnetic anisotropy constant has been revealed. The deviation from linearity is observed after annealing at a temperature of 600°C, which is explained by a possible increase in sizes of nanocrystals, changes in their structure, and partial crystallization of the amorphous matrix.
Adaptive recognition by specialized grouping of classes (2002)

An algorithm for establishment of class membership conditions, based on making evident the differences among patterns in a labeled training set, is described. Classes in the training set are grouped together in such a way that their exclusive feature values within a group become evident. By making use of these distinctive features and their values, classification of all patterns will be achieved. Identification of faults in a power distribution network is taken as a test case, where after a thorough training, very fast and successful recognition is achieved.
A national center for biocomputation: in search of a patient-specific interactive virtual surgery workbench. (1998)

This report describes the three-dimensional imaging and virtual environment technologies developed in NASA's Biocomputation Center for scientific purposes that have now led to applications in the field of medicine. A major goal is to develop a virtual environment surgery workbench for planning complex craniofacial and breast reconstructive surgery, and for training surgeons.
Evaporation and Transpiration (1990)

Evaporation is important in all water resource studies. It affects the yield of river basins, the necessary capacity of reservoirs, the size of pumping plant, the consumptive use of water by crops and the yield of underground supplies, to name but a few of the parameters affected by it.
Immunoglobulin isotype expression II. Frequency analysis in mitogen‐reactive B cells (1981)

The frequency of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-reactive B cells developing into clones that secrete the various immunoglobulin (Ig) classes has been determined in vitro, in cells from BALB/c mice, under culture conditions which detect all growth-inducible cells. Secretion of the different Ig classes was assessed in the protein A plaque assay for Ig-secreting, plaque-forming cells by using developing antisera specific for either IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 or IgA. In all lymphoid organs tested (spleen, bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes and thoracic duct), a considerable proportion of all B cells (5-20%) was induced by LPS to yield a clone of IgM-secreting cells. Frequency determinations of LPS-reactive cells giving rise to descendants secreting other Ig isotypes revealed that, on an average, and irrespective of the origin of the cells, 7% of all IgM-secreting clones switched to the synthesis of IgG1, 39% to IgG2, 41% to IgG3 and 1% to IgA. Roughly the same frequencies of B cells switching CH gene expression were found among spleen cells of athymic nude mice. No correlation was found between the clonal frequencies of CH gene expression in polyclonally activated B cells and the in vivo "background" Ig-secreting cells suggesting that the CH gene expression in B cells is influenced by the quality of stimulation and other regulating influences.
A Stochastic Broadcast Feedback Approach to Regulating Cell Population Morphology for Microfluidic Angiogenesis Platforms (2009)

This paper presents a framework for controlling the development of a vascular system in an in vitro angiogenesis process. Based on online measurement of cell growth and a stochastic cell population model, a closed-loop control system is developed for regulating the process of cell migration and vascular system development. Angiogenesis is considered in a microfluidic environment, where chemical and mechanical stimuli can be applied to the cell population. A systems-level description of the angiogenesis process is formulated, and a control scheme that chooses an optimal sequence of control inputs to drive collective cell patterns toward a desired goal is presented in this paper. In response to control inputs, the k-step ahead prediction of morphologic pattern measures is evaluated, and the input that minimizes expected squared error between the future measure and its desired value is selected for the current control. Initial simulation experiments demonstrate that vascular development can be guided toward a desired morphologic pattern using this technique.
Diabetic Neuropathies: Update on Definitions, Diagnostic Criteria, Estimation of Severity, and Treatments (2010)

Preceding the joint meeting of the 19th annual Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (NEURODIAB) and the 8th International Symposium on Diabetic Neuropathy in Toronto, Canada, 13-18 October 2009, expert panels were convened to provide updates on classification, definitions, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of diabetic peripheral neuropathies (DPNs), autonomic neuropathy, painful DPNs, and structural alterations in DPNs.
Protein Overload Activates Proximal Tubular Cells to Release Vasoactive and Inflammatory Mediators (1999)

Chronic renal diseases with highly enhanced glomerular permeability to proteins are accompanied by tubulointerstitial inflammation and scarring and progression to renal failure. As a consequence of increased glomerular permeability, proteins filtered through the glomerular capillary in excessive amount have intrinsic renal toxicity at least partially linked to their accumulation in the proximal tubular cell cytoplasm during the process of reabsorption along the nephron. Experimental evidence is available showing that protein overload per se activates proximal tubular epithelial cells in culture to upregulate genes encoding for endothelin, chemokines and cytokines. These vasoactive and inflammatory substances, formed in excessive quantities by the tubular cells, are released mainly into the basolateral compartment, a pattern of secretion that in the kidney would favor recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells into the renal interstitium and fibrogenic reaction leading to renal scarring.
Defect images by planar ECT probe of meander-mesh coils (1996)

This paper presents results pertaining to image data obtained from a planar meander-mesh coupled coil type ECT probe. The image data makes it possible to detect not only the existence of a defect but also to extract detailed information regarding the nature of the defect, such as its position, shape, length, and direction. In order to recognize a defect distinctly, we have fabricated the high sensitive planar coil which can be used to image a 2-D representation of the ECT signal. The relationships between the image pattern and defect shape are discussed.
Mining optimized support rules for numeric attributes (1999)

Generalizes the optimized support association rule problem by permitting rules to contain disjunctions over uninstantiated numeric attributes. For rules containing a single numeric attribute, we present a dynamic programming algorithm for computing optimized association rules. Furthermore, we propose a bucketing technique for reducing the input size, and a divide-and-conquer strategy that improves the performance significantly without sacrificing optimality. Our experimental results for a single numeric attribute indicate that our bucketing and divide-and-conquer enhancements are very effective in reducing the execution times and memory requirements of our dynamic programming algorithm. Furthermore, they show that our algorithms scale up almost linearly with the attribute's domain size as well as with the number of disjunctions.
Methods of passive and active mode locking using intracavity optical frequency mixing (1989)

The mode-locking technique based on intracavity second-harmonic generation is extended to sum- and difference-frequency generation. Simultaneous passive mode locking of two different types of laser in a combined cavity is thus possible. By using the same principle, a laser may be actively mode locked by injection of a pulse train from another mode-locked laser.
Net-Zero Energy Building implementation through a grid-connected home energy management system (2014)

Considering fast depletion of fossil fuels and consequently draining their sources on the other side, energy issue tended to be the main concern of the worldwide future policies. Due to new statistics and investigations, domestic buildings consume around 40% of global used energy. So, investigation and investment on this sector could lead the energy plans to advance rapidly. Through recent years, renewable energy sources (RES) considered as inevitable replacement for consisting fossil fuels. In future buildings, the electricity is generated from harvested RES in building itself. In this kind of buildings; known as Net-Zero Energy Building (NZEB), the annual net energy of the building is zero, meaning the building produces exact or even more energy as it consumes during a year. Emergence of the NZEB is tied to extensive research, prediction and planning on their elements which fortunately most of its needed element have developed sufficiently. In this paper a grid-connected NZEB is simulated in order to obtain the optimized constructional design in terms of availability and system costs.
Molecular Determinants of Na+ Channel Function in the Extracellular Domain of the β1 Subunit (1998)

The rat brain voltage-gated Na+ channel is composed of three glycoprotein subunits: the pore-forming alpha subunit and two auxiliary subunits, beta1 and beta2, which contain immunoglobulin (Ig)-like folds in their extracellular domains. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, beta1 modulates the gating properties of the channel-forming type IIA alpha subunit, resulting in an acceleration of inactivation. We have used a combination of deletion, alanine-scanning, site-directed, and chimeric mutagenesis strategies to examine the importance of different structural features of the beta1 subunit in the modulation of alphaIIA function, with an emphasis on the extracellular domain. Deletion analysis revealed that the extracellular domain is required for function, but the intracellular domain is not. The mutation of four putative sites of N-linked glycosylation showed that they are not required for beta1 function. Mutations of hydrophobic residues in the core beta sheets of the Ig fold disrupted beta1 function, whereas substitution of amino acid residues in connecting segments had no effect. Mutations of acidic residues in the A/A' strand of the Ig fold reduced the effectiveness of the beta1 subunit in modulating the rate of inactivation but did not significantly affect the association of the mutant beta1 subunit with the alphaIIA subunit or its effect on recovery from inactivation. Our data suggest that the Ig fold of the beta1 extracellular domain serves as a scaffold that presents the charged residues of the A/A' strands for interaction with the pore-forming alpha subunit.
Conclusion (2005)

If Strategic Studies are to progress and remain relevant as a fîeld of social sciences and a sub-field of international relations, they have to be more pluralistic, interdisciplinary and innovative. If there is no work at these three levels, strategic thought may become more and more marginalized This short paper defines ten ways by which the "new strategist" may reform and help the cause of strategic Studies.
An efficient delay-constrained multicast routing algorithm (2002)

We propose a simple multicast routing heuristic for delay-sensitive applications. The running complexity of it is O(m|V), where m is the number of group members and |V is the number of nodes in the network. Experimental results through simulations show that the DCMA achieves good performance.
Materials and anti-adhesive issues in UV-NIL (2010)

The UV curing nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) is a next generation lithography technique that can produce very tiny patterns (in the nanometer scale) by a simple imprinting step performed with a patterned and transparent template in a flowable resist (deposed par spin-coating on a silicon substrate as thin layer). The imprinting step is then followed by UV exposure (that cures the resist) and demolding. Due to its high potential in replicating patterns with high resolution, UV-NIL is considered nowadays as a possible candidate to perform the lithographic step in the next generation integrated circuits. Two critical issues threaten the spreading of UV-NIL at large scale: defects generated during imprinting step (depending on the resist flowing behaviour) and short life-time of a treated mold (a fluorinated self assembled monolayer, F-SAM, is deposed on the mold surface to avoid the sticking of the resist). Concerning the first issue, a model potentially capable to predict the flowing distance of liquid photo curable resist is presented. The experiments performed over the second issue were really profitable and gave interesting results. In fact, a better understanding on the mechanisms of ASL degradation was achieved. This aging is due to a chemical attack (exerted by free radicals, which was generated into the uv curable resist during polymerization step, toward the fluorinated molecule, and conditioned as well by the chemical nature of the resist) and a mechanical degradation (caused by the stress exerted during demolding step and linked to the quality of F-SAM grafting on the mold surface). The add of fluorinated surfactants in the chemical formulation of the resist represent an effective solution for improving the number of imprints performed employing the same mold. At the end of this manuscript there is the presentation of a hybrid (organic-inorganic) resist, that was synthesized for a real useful application: the creation of templates to arrange at large scale (few millimetres) di-bloc copolymers (sized of few nanometres) by graphoepitaxy.
PLoS Biology—We're Open (2003)

With this first issue of PLoS Biology, the editors present the aims and scope of the journal
A high compression ratio image coding for frame memory reduction in LCD overdrive (2008)

In this paper, we developed a high compression ratio image coding (HCRIC) for frame memory reduction in LCD overdrive to reduce motion blur. We have used the characteristic of human visual system (HVS) to separate the luminance data and chrominance data, firstly. And then use different methods to compress them. The image codec can reduce the frame memory to 1/6, and by using a new architecture it can reduce the line buffer to 50% without any image degradation. The simulation results show that it can gain the mean image degradation of 35.27㏈ in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The image codec is implemented by the Verilog HDL and synthesized by the Synopsys design compiler using 0.13㎛ Samsung Library.
Providing flexibility in information flow control for object oriented systems (2002)

This paper presents an approach to control information flow in object-oriented systems that takes into account, besides authorizations on objects, also how the information has been obtained and/or transmitted. These aspects are considered by allowing exceptions to the restrictions stated by the authorizations. Exceptions are specified by means of waivers associated with methods. Two kinds of waivers are supported: invoke-waivers, specifying exceptions applicable during a method's execution, and reply-waivers, specifying exceptions applicable to the information returned by a method. Information flowing from one object into another object is subject to the different waivers of the methods enforcing the transmission. We formally characterize information transmission and flow in a transaction taking into consideration different interaction modes among objects. We then define security specifications, meaning authorizations and waivers, and characterize safe information flows. We formally define conditions whose satisfaction ensures absence of unsafe flows and present an algorithm enforcing these conditions.
Hydrophobic coatings for moisture stable wood pellets (2015)

One of the key factors affecting the economic viability and safe deployment of wood pellet fired systems on a large scale is wood pellet stability. Wood pellets are extremely moisture unstable and present significant problems during the transportation, storage and handling stages of their lifetime. This study proposes an approach for creating moisture stable wood pellets through the addition of hydrophobic coatings. Pellets were treated with paraffin oil, castor oil, mineral oil and linseed oil and submerged in water for up to 1800 s. The strength of untreated pellets was found to decrease by around 94% after being submerged for 60 s, whereas no appreciable reduction in pellet strength was recorded after 1800 s in all of the oil treated cases. Treatment with oil was also found to reduce the formation of airborne fines and increase the energy density of wood pellets, increasing their HHV by up to 1.2 MJ kg−1.