gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic Ras Activation of Raf/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Independent Pathways Is Sufficient To Cause Tumorigenic Transformation (1996)

Substantial evidence supports a critical role for the activation of the Raf-1/MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in oncogenic Ras-mediated transformation. For example, dominant negative mutants of Raf-1, MEK, and mitogen-activated protein kinase all inhibit Ras transformation. Furthermore, the observation that plasma membrane-localized Raf-1 exhibits the same transforming potency as oncogenic Ras suggests that Raf-1 activation alone is sufficient to mediate full Ras transforming activity. However, the recent identification of other candidate Ras effectors (e.g., RalGDS and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase) suggests that activation of other downstream effector-mediated signaling pathways may also mediate Ras transforming activity. In support of this, two H-Ras effector domain mutants, H-Ras(12V, 37G) and H-Ras(12V, 40C), which are defective for Raf binding and activation, induced potent tumorigenic transformation of some strains of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. These Raf-binding defective mutants of H-Ras induced a transformed morphology that was indistinguishable from that induced by activated members of Rho family proteins. Furthermore, the transforming activities of both of these mutants were synergistically enhanced by activated Raf-1 and inhibited by the dominant negative RhoA(19N) mutant, indicating that Ras may cause transformation that occurs via coordinate activation of Raf-dependent and -independent pathways that involves Rho family proteins. Finally, cotransfection of H-Ras(12V, 37G) and H-Ras(12V, 40C) resulted in synergistic cooperation of their focus-forming activities, indicating that Ras activates at least two Raf-independent, Ras effector-mediated signaling events.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NEUROTROPIN BY CONTINUOUS EDIPURAL INJECTION IN THE TREATM ENT OF POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA (2008)

Objective:To explore the effect and safety of neurotropin continuously injected into epidural space in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.Methods:Sixty four patients(31males and 33 females) of postherpetic neuralgia were randomly divided into control group(32 cases) and neurotropin group(32 cases).All patients were placed a catheter into the pain side of epidural space under the guiding of CT-scan.Mixed liquor of 0.4%～0.8% lidocaine hydrochloride,Dexamethasone 2 mg and 0.9% NS(total volum 250ml) was continuously injected into epidural space with flow rate of 5ml/h in the control group,continuing 3～4 weeks.Mixed liquor of 0.4%～0.8% lidocaine hydrochloride,Dexamethasone 2 mg,Neurotropin 7.2iu and 0.9% NS(total volum 250ml) was continuously injected into epidural space with flow rate of 5ml/h in neurotropin group,continuing 3～4 weeks.VAS evaluation,patients' subjective evaluation were taken and side effects were observed before therapy,after therapy,and six months after therapy.Results:Compared with pretreatment,the value of VAS decreased significantly when leave hospital and six months after therapy in each group(P0.01);Compared with control group,the value of VAS decreased significantly when leave hospital and six months after therapy in neurotropin group(P0.05);These two groups had improved conditions on numbness,hyperalgesia,hyperaesthesia,sleep dysfunction and anxiety compared with pretreatment,but the effect of Neurotropin group was better than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Neurotropin continurously injected into epidural space had a significant pain relief effect on postherpetic neuralgia.Also it can be helpful to relieving numbness,hypoaesthesia,hyperaesthesia,sleep dysfunction and anxiety.
Direct Writing of Metal Nanoparticles by Localized Plasma Electrochemical Reduction of Metal Cations in Polymer Films (2011)

Abstract A non‐lithographic, dry approach to patterning metal nanoparticles is presented. Solutions of metal salt and polymer are spin‐coated onto a substrate, dried, and exposed to a rastered microscale plasma operated at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Interaction of the electrons in the plasma with the film results in electrochemical reduction of the metal cations to crystalline metal nanoparticles. The process is highly localized, making it possible to obtain microscale patterns of metal nanoparticles with line widths as small as ∼30 μm. We have applied this technique to a wide range of metals such as Ag, Au, Pt, Ir, and Ru, in various polymeric systems such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Overall, the approach allows the fabrication of transparent, flexible, patterned films of metal nanoparticles at low cost and high throughput for applications ranging from plasmonics to catalysis.
Basement membrane antigens in renal polycystic disease. (1988)

Status of basement membrane antigens in renal polycystic disease was investigated. Antibodies directed against various components of basement membrane, including anti-heparan sulfate proteoglycan, Type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin, were employed. Their reactivities with basement membranes of normal and cystic segments of the renal tubules were ascertained by indirect immunofluorescence. The tissues were obtained either from kidneys of patients with adult (autosomal dominant) polycystic disease or from rats with renal cystic change induced by administration of 2-amino-4,5-diphenylthiazole HCl. The human and rat tissues that had undergone cystic change exhibited essentially similar results. A loss of reactivity to anti-heparan sulfate proteoglycan antibodies was observed. The reactivity toward anti-Type IV collagen and laminin either remained unchanged or was focally increased. The reactivity toward fibronectin, normally absent, increased dramatically in the peritubular regions and interstitium. The results indicate that there is an imbalance in various antigenic components associated with renal tubular cystic disease in rat and man, which may have a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
THE DIFFERENTIATION OF WHITE ADIPOSE CELLS (1963)

Differentiating white adipose tissue from presumptive and developing fat pads of newborn and young rats was fixed in buffered osmium tetroxide, embedded in Vestopal W, and examined in an electron microscope. Pre-adipose cells were found to be fibroblasts characterized by their spindle shape, long tenuous cytoplasmic extensions, and profuse endoplasmic reticulum. The developmental stages traced from fibroblast to mature adipose cell show a gradual change in cell shape, an accumulation of cytoplasm and non-membrane-bounded lipid, a decrease in the endoplasmic reticulum, and a change in shape of mitochondria. Transitory glycogen appears at mid-differentiation. Numerous smooth-membraned vesicles occur in the cytoplasm throughout differentiation. Pinocytosis is constantly evident. Cells of the multilocular stage are shown to differ from brown fat cells, particularly with respect to cytoplasmic membrane systems and mitochondria. No transport of particulate lipid from the lumen of the capillary to, or within, the adipose cell was detected, nor could any cell organelle be demonstrated to be visibly related to lipid synthesis and/or deposition.
Novel mechanism of immunosuppression by influenza virus haemagglutinin: selective suppression of interleukin 12 p35 transcription in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (2005)

Infection with influenza virus strongly predisposes an individual to bacterial superinfection, which is often the significant cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics. Little is known about the immunomodulating properties of the virus that lead to this phenomenon, but the effect of the viral components on the development of immune dendritic cells (DCs) may prove vital. In this study, activation of and cytokine secretion by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) following treatment with the influenza virus major antigen haemagglutinin (HA) were examined. HA selectively inhibits the release of LPS-induced interleukin 12 (IL12) p70, which is independent of IL10 secretion. Suppression occurs at the transcriptional level, with selective inhibition of p35- and not p40-subunit mRNA expression. The downregulation of IL12 p70 by influenza HA is a novel and unexplored pathway that may be relevant in the predisposition to bacterial superinfection associated with influenza virus infections.
Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> <scp>D</scp>-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase encoded by <i>kpsF</i>: implications for group 2 capsule biosynthesis (2006)

In Escherichia coli, there are multiple paralogous copies of the enzyme API [A5P (D-arabinose 5-phosphate) isomerase], which catalyses the conversion of the pentose pathway intermediate Ru5P (D-ribulose 5-phosphate) into A5P. A5P is a precursor of Kdo (3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate), an integral carbohydrate component of various glycolipids coating the surface of the OM (outer membrane) of Gram-negative bacteria, including LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and many group 2 K-antigen capsules. The K-antigen-specific API KpsF has been cloned from the uropathogenic E. coli strain CFT073 and its biochemical properties characterized. Purified recombinant KpsF [K-API (K-antigen API)] is tetrameric and has optimal activity at pH 7.8. The enzyme is specific for A5P and Ru5P, with K(m) (app) values of 0.57 mM for A5P and 0.3 mM for Ru5P. The apparent kcat in the A5P to Ru5P direction is 15 and 19 s(-1) in the Ru5P to A5P direction. While most of the properties are quite similar to its LPS API counterpart KdsD, the catalytic constant is nearly 10-fold lower. K-API is now the second Kdo biosynthetic related gene that has been characterized from the kps group 2 capsule cluster.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Yersiniabactin Promotes Respiratory Tract Infection through Evasion of Lipocalin 2 (2011)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a pathogen of increasing concern because of multidrug resistance, especially due to K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs). K. pneumoniae must acquire iron to replicate, and it utilizes iron-scavenging siderophores, such as enterobactin (Ent). The innate immune protein lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is able to specifically bind Ent and disrupt iron acquisition. To determine whether K. pneumoniae must produce Lcn2-resistant siderophores to cause disease, we examined siderophore production by clinical isolates (n = 129) from respiratory, urine, blood, and stool samples and by defined siderophore mutants through genotyping and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three categories of K. pneumoniae isolates were identified: enterobactin positive (Ent(+)) (81%), enterobactin and yersiniabactin positive (Ent(+) Ybt(+)) (17%), and enterobactin and salmochelin (glycosylated Ent) positive (Ent(+) gly-Ent(+)) with or without Ybt (2%). Ent(+) Ybt(+) strains were significantly overrepresented among respiratory tract isolates (P = 0.0068) and β-lactam-resistant isolates (P = 0.0019), including the epidemic KPC-producing clone multilocus sequence type 258 (ST258). In ex vivo growth assays, gly-Ent but not Ybt allowed evasion of Lcn2 in human serum, whereas siderophores were dispensable for growth in human urine. In a murine pneumonia model, an Ent(+) strain was an opportunistic pathogen that was completely inhibited by Lcn2 but caused severe, disseminated disease in Lcn2(-/-) mice. In contrast, an Ent(+) Ybt(+) strain was a frank respiratory pathogen, causing pneumonia despite Lcn2. However, Lcn2 retained partial protection against disseminated disease. In summary, Ybt is a virulence factor that is prevalent among KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates and promotes respiratory tract infections through evasion of Lcn2.
Quantification of optical absorption coefficients from acoustic spectra with photoacoustic tomography (2011)

Optical absorption is closely associated with many physiologically important parameters, such as the concentration and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and it can be used to quantify the concentrations of non-fluorescent molecules. We introduce a method to quantify the absolute optical absorption based upon the acoustic spectra of photoacoustic (PA) signals. This method is self-calibrating and thus insensitive to variations in optical fluence. Factors such as the detection system bandwidth and acoustic attenuation can affect the quantification but can be canceled by measuring the acoustic spectra at two optical wavelengths. This method has been implemented on various PA systems, including optical-resolution PA microscopy, acoustic-resolution PA microscopy, and reconstruction based PA array systems. We quantified the optical absorption coefficients of phantom samples at various wavelengths. We also quantified the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in live mice.
Introduction (1971)

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Role of natural killer cells and TCRγ δ T cells in acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1998)

To elucidate the role of NK cells and TCR gamma delta+ T cells in acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in Lewis rats, the distribution, number and function of these cells were studied using several methods. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analysis revealed that a certain number of NK cells (17 of the total inflammatory cells) infiltrated the central nervous system (CNS) at the peak stage of EAE and were mainly located in the perivascular region. On the other hand, virtually no TCR gamma delta+ T cells were found in the CNS. NK-T (NKR-P1+TCR alpha beta+) cells were few and did not increase in number in the CNS and lymphoid organs. In the cytotoxic assay using YAC-1 cells, effector cells isolated from the spleen of rats at the peak of EAE showed essentially the same cytotoxicity as those isolated from normal controls although the total number of NK cells decreased to one fifth of that of normal rats. Furthermore, in vivo administration of anti-NK cell (3.2.3 and anti-asialo GM1), but not of anti-TCR gamma delta (V65), antibodies exacerbated the clinical features of EAE and induced fatal EAE in some rats. These findings suggest that NK cells play a suppressive role in acute EAE whereas TCR gamma delta+ T cells are not involved in the development of or recovery from the disease.
Smoking as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing (1994)

<h3>Background:</h3> Recent evidence indicates that the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing is remarkably high (24% for men and 9% for women) and that the public health burden attributable to sleep-disordered breathing is substantial. This investigation examines current and former cigarette smoking as potential risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing. <h3>Methods:</h3> Data were from 811 adults enrolled in the University of Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, Madison. The Sleep Cohort Study is a longitudinal, epidemiologic study that uses nocturnal polysomnography to investigate sleep-disordered breathing and other disorders of sleep. The presence and severity of sleep-disordered breathing was quantified by the frequency of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. <h3>Results:</h3> Logistic regression analyses were used to control for potential confounding factors. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a significantly greater risk of snoring (odds ratio, 2.29) and of moderate or worse sleep-disordered breathing (odds ratio, 4.44). Heavy smokers (≥40 cigarettes per day) had the greatest risk of mild sleep-disordered breathing (odds ratio, 6.74) and of moderate or worse sleep-disordered breathing (odds ratio, 40.47). Former smoking was unrelated to snoring and sleep-disordered breathing after adjustment for confounders. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Current cigarette smokers are at greater risk for sleep-disordered breathing than are never smokers. Heavy smokers have the greatest risk while former smokers are not at increased risk for sleep-disordered breathing. Thus, smoking cessation should be considered in the treatment and prevention of sleep-disordered breathing. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:2219-2224)
Advanced technologies for ultra wideband system design (2002)

The author presents a summary of the ultrawideband (UWB) concept, clarifying its instantaneously large percent-bandwidth nature and the inseparability which results in its four-dimensional ambiguity function. In conventional design, this coupling is suppressed. However, evidence is presented that suggests that there may be unique performance and EMC (electromagnetic compatability) advantages to be gained from exploiting this coupling. It is explained why this improved performance is not attainable using switch-based transmitters. Attention is given to the use of a programmable function generator (e.g., a direct digital synthesizer) to generate the required UWB waveform and to the exploitation of localized wave solutions to Maxwell's equations for their contribution to improved resolution and reduced path loss.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mixed Rare Earth Oxides as Starting Material for the Preparation of  Y 2 O 3 : Eu Lamp Phosphor: Characterization and Use (1992)

Fine structural determinations are utilized to illustrate the advantage of the use of mixed oxides as starting materials rather than mixtures of separated oxides, with respect to the expected performance of yttrium‐europium oxide red phosphor for lamps. X‐ray synchrotron diffraction experiments show how improved homogeneity is achieved, inducing better processability and higher performance through easier access to crystallographically pure materials and the regularity of the repartition of the dopants.
Paleointensity study of Early Miocene lavas from Pingzhuang, Inner Mongolia, China (2002)

A paleomagnetic and geochronologic investigation has been conducted on 17 lava flows from Inner Mongolia, north China. Radiometric K‐Ar dating experiments give an age between 23 and 22 Ma for these volcanic units. Rock magnetic measurements of thermomagnetic curves and hysteresis loops show the primary carrier of remanence to be pseudo‐single domain titanomagnetite. Stepwise thermal demagnetization isolated a well‐defined direction of characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) in all studied lava flows with a mean direction of D/I = 359.8°/62.2° (α 95 = 3.8°). Fifty samples from 11 lavas were pre‐selected on the basis of thermomagnetic analyses to carry out Thellier‐Thellier paleointensity experiments with systematic partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks. Twenty‐three samples from 7 lavas yield reliable paleointensity estimates with a mean virtual dipole moment (VDM) of (3.9 ± 0.9) × 10 22 Am 2 , about half the strength of the modern‐day field.
Substituted tetrahydrofurfurylamines as potential antidepresaants (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted tetrahydrofurfurylamines as potential antidepresaantsI. Monkovic, Y. G. Perron, R. Martel, W. J. Simpson, and J. A. GylysCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 4, 403–407Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00262a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00262a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aspects chimiques du procédé DIMERSOL de dimérisation des oléfines (1982)

Quelques aspects chimiques du procédé DIMERSOL, de dimérisation des oléfines sont passés en revue. Après une introduction rappelant les divers types de catalyse de la réaction de dimérisation, les points suivants sont discutés : mécanisme de la réaction par les complexes du nickel, nature du catalyseur au nickel, cinétique de la réaction, interprétation chimique de l'effet des impuretés.
High Frame-Rate VGA CMOS Image Sensor Using Non-Memory Capacitor Two-Step Single-Slope ADCs (2015)

This paper proposes a column-parallel two-step single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SS ADC) for high-frame-rate CMOS image sensors. The proposed two-step SS ADC circuit does not utilize an analog memory capacitor to store the value of the first ramp step. Instead, to handle problems such as the slope errors of the second ramp and the stored charge error from charge feed-through, it utilizes a very simple digital column circuit consisting of a coarse counter (coarse step counter) and a 4-to-16 decoder. The second ramp (fine ramp) slope has only one slope generator, regardless of the results of the first ramp decisions, to eliminate the slope mismatch between fine ramp slopes. A prototype sensor comprising 640 × 480 pixels was fabricated with a 0.13- μm CMOS process. The results of experiments conducted indicate that the proposed ADC can achieve a conversion time of 6.4 μs at a main clock frequency of 62.5 MHz, which is 10.2 times faster than the conventional SS ADC. The maximum frame rate of the proposed VGA CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) is 320 frames per second (fps). Further, the proposed circuit employs redundancy error correction logic to calibrate the error between the coarse and fine steps. The total power consumption is 72 mW from supply voltages of 2.8 V (analog) and 1.5 V (digital). The figure of merit (FoM) of the proposed VGA CMOS image sensor is 2.01 [e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> nJ].
Well‐Defined Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization (2009)

Abstract Summary: Despite the high reactivity of the monomer, nanoparticles with a hydrophobic core based on poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) and a hydrophilic shell based on poly(ethylene oxide) PEO were synthesized in one step by miniemulsion polymerization. Colloidal properties of the nanoparticles were controlled by the structure and the amount of amphiphilic polymer in the aqueous phase, while the molecular weight of core depended on pH of the continuous phase and the polymerization mechanism (anionic or radical). The evolution of the molecular weight of the synthesized poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) was followed as a function of time at pH 7.4 by size exclusion chromatography. As expected, the degradation kinetics depended on the polymerization mechanism. Finally, a model compound, pyrene, was encapsulated in the synthesized nanoparticles. Its release was found to depend on the conditions of nanoparticles synthesis, especially on the polymerization mechanism.