gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LPC-synthesis mixture: a low computational cost speech enhancement algorithm (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a speech enhancement algorithm to reduce unwanted noise in a speech signal. The output of this enhancement system is a linear combination of the actual speech input to the system and a synthesized speech signal. The synthesized signal is generated using the LP coefficients and an estimate of the excitation from the current speech. The mechanical sound of the LP signal is further reduced by using an excitation signal based on the actual human excitation, not an artificially generated signal. This algorithm attempts to improve speech quality by emphasizing the speech signal rather than removing the background noise. The goal of the algorithm is to produce enhanced speech at telecommunications quality with little computational overhead.
A new frequency-domain fluorometer for the rapid determination of picosecond rotational-correlation times (1987)

A new instrument is described which uses the harmonic content of a mode-locked argon-ion laser for the determination of picosecond rotational-correlation times. The new instrument is very rapid, and can detect in about 8 ms all frequencies between dc and 750 MHz. The signal-averaging capabilities of the instrument also make it applicable to weakly fluorescent species. To test the new instrument, the time-dependent fluorescence polarization of rhodamine 6G was studied as a function of solvent viscosity; a second chemical system investigated was fluorescein in 1,3-propanediol. Both these systems were chosen because they have been shown to exhibit a single rotational-correlation time. Results are in good agreement with those previously reported.
Electronically steerable plasma mirror based radar-concept and characteristics (1996)

An alternative to using a phased array to steer a radar beam is to electronically control the orientation of an inertialess broadband microwave reflector. Recent experiments have demonstrated that a planar plasma mirror immersed in a magnetic field can be formed with electron densities high enough to reflect X-band microwave beams. A plasma mirror performs like a metal mirror, but it is inertialess. Compared to high performance phased array systems, a plasma mirror based radar system is much simpler and is therefore more affordable. Electronic steering of microwave beams using a plasma mirror permits the use of wide instantaneous bandwidth waveforms. Potential areas of application for a plasma mirror based antenna system include ship self-defense, high-resolution radar imaging, target identification, electronic countermeasures, high data rate communications, spread spectrum links and remote sensing. As a reflector, the plasma mirror exhibits extremely low loss and the reflectivity is very nearly 100%. Since a perfectly reflecting object cannot radiate, the noise temperature contribution of the plasma mirror to the antenna temperature is likely to be small. The plasma sheet can be steered in elevation by tilting the magnetic field, and steering in azimuth may be accomplished by designating cathode initiation sites. Switching times between successive mirror orientations may be less than 20 μs.
Slow expansion of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions: pathology and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (2016)

In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron accumulates inside activated microglia/macrophages at edges of some chronic demyelinated lesions, forming rims. In susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T, iron-laden microglia/macrophages induce a rim of decreased signal at lesion edges and have been associated with slowly expanding lesions. We aimed to determine (1) what lesion types and stages are associated with iron accumulation at their edges, (2) what cells at the lesion edges accumulate iron and what is their activation status, (3) how reliably can iron accumulation at the lesion edge be detected by 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (4) if lesions with rims enlarge over time in vivo, when compared to lesions without rims. Double-hemispheric brain sections of 28 MS cases were stained for iron, myelin, and microglia/macrophages. Prior to histology, 4 of these 28 cases were imaged at 7 T using post-mortem susceptibility-weighted imaging. In vivo, seven MS patients underwent annual neurological examinations and 7 T MRI for 3.5 years, using a fluid attenuated inversion recovery/susceptibility-weighted imaging fusion sequence. Pathologically, we found iron rims around slowly expanding and some inactive lesions but hardly around remyelinated shadow plaques. Iron in rims was mainly present in microglia/macrophages with a pro-inflammatory activation status, but only very rarely in astrocytes. Histological validation of post-mortem susceptibility-weighted imaging revealed a quantitative threshold of iron-laden microglia when a rim was visible. Slowly expanding lesions significantly exceeded this threshold, when compared with inactive lesions (p = 0.003). We show for the first time that rim lesions significantly expanded in vivo after 3.5 years, compared to lesions without rims (p = 0.003). Thus, slow expansion of MS lesions with rims, which reflects chronic lesion activity, may, in the future, become an MRI marker for disease activity in MS.
The Type I Collagen Fragments ICTP and CTX Reveal Distinct Enzymatic Pathways of Bone Collagen Degradation (2003)

Bone resorption may generate collagen fragments such as ICTP and CTX, which can be quantified in serum and/or urine by using specific immunoassays, and which are used as clinical markers. However, the relative abundance of ICTP and CTX varies according to the type of bone pathology, suggesting that these two fragments are generated through distinct collagenolytic pathways. In this study, we analyzed the release of ICTP and CTX from bone collagen by the proteinases reported to play a role in the solubilization of bone matrix. Cathepsin K released large amounts of CTX, but did not allow a detectable release of ICTP. Conversely, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2, -9, -13, or -14 released ICTP, but did not allow a detectable release of CTX. Next we analyzed the release of ICTP and CTX from bone explants cultured in the presence of well-established inhibitors of these proteinases and of matrix solubilization. An inhibitor of cysteine proteinases including cathepsin K, inhibited the release of CTX, but not the release of ICTP. MMP inhibitors inhibited the release of ICTP, but also that of CTX, in agreement with the putative role of MMPs in the initiation of bone resorption in addition to matrix solubilization. Similarly the treatment of mice bearing bone metastasis with an MMP inhibitor led to a significant reduction of serum ICTP and CTX, and osteolytic lesions. We conclude that the generation of ICTP and CTX depends on different collagenolytic pathways. This finding may explain why these two markers may discriminate between different bone pathologies.
Electronic learning contracts (1996)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Evidence That Plasma Leptin and Insulin Levels are Associated With Body Adiposity Via Different Mechanisms (1997)

We conclude that 1) body adiposity, sex, and the fasting insulin level are independently associated with plasma leptin level; 2) because NIDDM does not influence leptin levels, obesity associated with NIDDM is unlikely to result from impaired leptin secretion; and 3) insulin sensitivity contributes to the association between body adiposity and plasma levels of insulin, but not leptin. The mechanisms underlying the association between body adiposity and circulating levels of these two hormones, therefore, appear to be different.
Rapid and accurate 3D selection by progressive refinement (2011)

Issues such as hand and tracker jitter negatively affect user performance with the ray-casting selection technique in 3D environments. This makes it difficult for users to perform tasks that require them to select objects that have a small visible area, since small targets require high levels of precision. We introduce an approach to address this issue that uses progressive refinement of the set of selectable objects to reduce the required precision of the task. We present a design space of progressive refinement techniques and an exemplar technique called Sphere-casting refined by QUAD-menu (SQUAD). We explore the tradeoffs between progressive refinement and immediate selection techniques in an evaluation comparing SQUAD to ray-casting. Both an analytical evaluation based on a distal pointing model and an empirical evaluation demonstrate that progressive refinement selection can be better than immediate selection. SQUAD was much more accurate than ray-casting, and SQUAD was faster than ray-casting with small targets and less cluttered environments.
Influence of the composition of the boroning mixture on the dimension change of pressed and boroned samples from iron powder (2008)

Volume changes occur during sintering and chemical-thermal treatments of metal powder samples. The results of the investigation of the volume change of pressed and boroned samples from an iron powder, depending on the mixture composition used for the boroning process, are presented in this paper. The basic mixture, used for boroning of the investigated samples from iron powder, is modified by the addition of activators with different chemical compositions and in different concentrations, of up to 4 wt %. Mixtures with ammonium bifluoride, ammonium chloride and boron potassium fluoride were investigated. The research results and the mathematical modelling enable the choice of mixture compositions for boroning based on the volume change given in advance.
Earth Materials Processes History (1965)

This is the first of a two-part article. The second half will be published in the April 1965 issue of the Journal. The earth materials are rocks, minerals, water, and the atmosphere. Rocks are the essential constituents of the earth's crust.
Simulator for evaluating shoulder motion as a command source for FES grasp restoration systems. (1991)

A simulator has been developed to evaluate the command channels through which a quadriplegic patient controls an upper limb neural prosthesis. The simulator consists of an animated grasping task implemented on a video screen. The patient controls the motion of an animated hand on the screen by moving his or her own hand while the animated hand opens and closes under control of the tested command channel. Experiments were performed using both able-bodied and quadriplegic subjects to evaluate shoulder motion as a command-channel source. The results demonstrated that optimal combinations of shoulder command-channel parameters are subject specific, which suggests using the simulator in the prescription of upper limb neural prostheses and in training quadriplegic persons who use them. Additionally, the experimental results quantified the reduction in performance that came from using ipsilateral vs contralateral shoulder control and the enhancement in performance realized when using substitute sensory force-feedback displays.
3D stacked power distribution considering substrate coupling (2009)

Reliable design of power distribution network for stacked integrated circuits introduces new challenges i.e., substrate coupling among through silicon vias (TSVs) and tiers grid in addition to reliability issues such as electromigration and thermo-mechanical stress, compared to conventional system on chip (SoC). In this paper a comprehensive modeling of the TSV and stacked power grid with frequency dependent parasitic is proposed. The analytical model considers the impact of the substrate coupling between the TSVs and layers grid. A frequency domain based analysis flow is introduced to incorporate frequency dependent parasitics. The design of a reliable power distribution network is formulated as an optimization problem to minimize power noise under reliability and electro-migration constraints. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the problem formulation and solution technique.
Enantioselective Recognition between Chiral α-Hydroxy−Carboxylates and Macrocyclic Heptadentate Lanthanide(III) Chelates (2003)

Three novel heptacoordinated Ln(III) complexes (Ln = Gd and Yb) have been synthesized and investigated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. These complexes contain two stereogenic centers, one associated with a deltadeltadeltadelta or lambdalambdalambdalambda conformation of the ethylenediamine moieties in the tetraazamacrocycle and the latter arises from the orientation (Delta or Lambda) of the coordinating arms. Evidence has been gained for the occurrence of a fast exchange between all the possible conformers. Upon addition of several (S)-alpha-hydroxy-carboxylate substrates, the formation of stable ternary adducts has been obtained. Their (1)H NMR spectra are consistent with the presence of two diastereoisomers differing in the conformation adopted by the macrocyclic ligand wrapping the lanthanide(III) ion. The interaction leading to the formation of the ternary complexes is enantioselective depending on the hydrophilicity of the alpha-hydroxy-carboxylate.
THE CONDENSATION OF CERTAIN PHENOLS WITH SOME ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES<sup>1</sup> (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CONDENSATION OF CERTAIN PHENOLS WITH SOME ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES1Wilton C. Harden and E. Emmet ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 11, 4325–4334Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01350a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01350a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Utilizing leading edge management technologies within the tactical environment (2002)

This paper presents the leading edge management technologies available in the commercial marketplace today that facilitate the development of modular and scaleable network management systems (NMSs). These leading edge management technologies are Simple Network Management Protocol Version 2 (SNMPv2), Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP), and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). SNMPv2, eliminates many of the deficiencies found in SNMPv1. CMIP and CORBA provide a rich set of object oriented capabilities that enable NMSs to be modular and scaleable by utilizing the concept of data and function abstraction. Data and function abstraction provides an increase in task automation and a reduction in data diversity; as a result, the cost for the process of management is reduced.
Identification of the epsilon-subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme as the dnaQ gene product: a fidelity subunit for DNA replication. (1983)

Based on extensive genetic and biochemical studies, the multisubunit DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is considered responsible for the chain-elongation stage in replication of the genome of Escherichia coli and is thus expected to be the major determinant of fidelity as well. Previous experiments have shown that two mutations conferring a very high mutation rate on E. coli, mutD5 and dnaQ49, decrease severely the 3' leads to 5' exonucleolytic editing activity of the polymerase III holoenzyme. To identify more precisely the nature of these mutations, we have carried out genetic mapping and complementation experiments. From these studies and experiments by others, we conclude that the most potent general mutator mutations in E. coli occur in a single gene, dnaQ. To define further the role of the dnaQ gene, we have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to compare the labeled dnaQ gene product with purified polymerase III holoenzyme. The dnaQ product comigrates with the epsilon-subunit, a 25-kilodalton protein of the polymerase III "core" enzyme. We conclude that the epsilon-subunit of polymerase III holoenzyme has a special role in defining the accuracy of DNA replication, probably through control of the 3' leads to 5' exonuclease activity.
A Proposed Stability Characterization and Verification Method for High-Order Single-Bit Delta-Sigma Modulators (2006)

A characterization method for verifying stability and measuring the performance quality of arbitrary noise transfer functions for the delta-sigma modulator is presented. The method consists of first obtaining the maximum stable input range sweep in the pass-band. The variance estimate can then be used to make a sharper upper limit for maximum allowed input range. This can then be used to measure the global SNR performance in the pass-band. The proposed method enables us to make a comprehensive comparison between arbitrary noise transfer function designs and it can also be used to automate the design of noise transfer functions
Re-testing of predictive biomarkers on surgical breast cancer specimens is clinically relevant (2019)

The agreement of HER2 and Ki67 between CNB and paired surgical specimen in primary breast cancer is insufficient. Limited agreement of surrogate tumor subtypes indicates a significant clinical value of biomarker re-testing on surgical specimens.
Notes on conformal invisibility devices (2006)

As a consequence of the wave nature of light, invisibility devices based on isotropic media cannot be perfect. The principal distortions of invisibility are due to reflections and time delays. Reflections can be made exponentially small for devices that are large in comparison with the wavelength of light. Time delays are unavoidable and will result in wave-front dislocations. This paper considers invisibility devices based on optical conformal mapping. The paper shows that the time delays do not depend on the directions and impact parameters of incident light rays, although the refractive-index profile of any conformal invisibility device is necessarily asymmetric. The distortions of images are thus uniform, which reduces the risk of detection. The paper also shows how the ideas of invisibility devices are connected to the transmutation of force, the stereographic projection and Escheresque tilings of the plane.
Highway Long Short-Term Memory RNNs for Distant Speech Recognition (2015)

In this paper, we extend the deep long short-term memory (DLSTM) recurrent neural networks by introducing gated direct connections between memory cells in adjacent layers. These direct links, called highway connections, enable unimpeded information flow across different layers and thus alleviate the gradient vanishing problem when building deeper LSTMs. We further introduce the latency-controlled bidirectional LSTMs (BLSTMs) which can exploit the whole history while keeping the latency under control. Efficient algorithms are proposed to train these novel networks using both frame and sequence discriminative criteria. Experiments on the AMI distant speech recognition (DSR) task indicate that we can train deeper LSTMs and achieve better improvement from sequence training with highway LSTMs (HLSTMs). Our novel model obtains $43.9/47.7\%$ WER on AMI (SDM) dev and eval sets, outperforming all previous works. It beats the strong DNN and DLSTM baselines with $15.7\%$ and $5.3\%$ relative improvement respectively.
Nervous-Like Circuits in the Ribosome Facts, Hypotheses and Perspectives (2019)

In the past few decades, studies on translation have converged towards the metaphor of a "ribosome nanomachine"; they also revealed intriguing ribosome properties challenging this view. Many studies have shown that to perform an accurate protein synthesis in a fluctuating cellular environment, ribosomes sense, transfer information and even make decisions. This complex "behaviour" that goes far beyond the skills of a simple mechanical machine has suggested that the ribosomal protein networks could play a role equivalent to nervous circuits at a molecular scale to enable information transfer and processing during translation. We analyse here the significance of this analogy and establish a preliminary link between two fields: ribosome structure-function studies and the analysis of information processing systems. This cross-disciplinary analysis opens new perspectives about the mechanisms of information transfer and processing in ribosomes and may provide new conceptual frameworks for the understanding of the behaviours of unicellular organisms.
Achieving ultra-strong Magnesium–lithium alloys by low-strain rotary swaging (2021)

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) with deformation strain significantly larger than one is effective to strengthen metals and alloys. However, such a method will not work for Mg alloys due to their low deformability. In view of this problem, we propose a new alloy strengthening scheme of low-strain deformation, which is to introduce massive twins and stacking faults in coarse grain interior by rotary swaging (RS) at room temperature. By using this scheme, we successfully prepared an ultra-light bulk Mg-Li alloy with new strength record.