gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling fish behaviour (2003)

This paper studies the problem of creating artificial fish for real-time interactive virtual worlds aimed at desktop environments with hardware 3D support. The artificial fish developed have the ability to move, sense, and think. Each fish is modelled with a Keyframed skeletal animated body, semi-physics based movement model, sensory abilities, internal motivations, a set of behaviour routines, and a behavioural selection mechanism. These features allow the fish to act autonomously using behavioural rules in response to sensory input from the environment and other fish. This autonomous ability enables definite behaviours to be described and observed in the fish that are not simply random, cyclic, or scripted.Excellent work has been previously done on modelling sophisticated artificial fish. The contribution of this paper is to focus on the practical modelling of fish for game production.
Surfactants in nonpolar oils: agents of electric charging and nanogel templates (2012)

This thesis studies the formation of mobile and surface-bound electric charges in nonpolar liquids. Unlike aqueous media with their natural abundance of charged species, liquids of low dielectric constant do not readily accommodate charges, but can do so in the presence of certain surfactant additives. Surfactant-mediated charging in nonpolar oils has long been exploited industrially, but the underlying charging mechanisms are far from understood. The present work seeks clarification by comparing the effect of ionic and nonionic surfactants on the conductivity of nonpolar solutions and the electrophoretically observable surface charge of suspended polymer particles. Both types of surfactant are found to generate mobile ions in solution as well as particle charge; and in the more surprising case of nonionic surfactants, the occurrence of particle charge and screening ions is confirmed independently by measurements of the electrostatic particle interaction energy. A systematic variation of the particle material and functionalization, the residual water content, and the surfactant concentration above and below the critical micelle concentration provides insights about the possible charging pathways.\n\nReverse surfactant micelles are explored not only as charging agents, but also as reactors and templates for the synthesis of novel nanogels with promise for drug delivery. Synthesis via copper-free Click chemistry is shown to allow for better control of the particle size than a more conventional polymerization scheme, while avoiding metal catalysts and free radicals that are considered hazardous for most biomedical applications.
Clinical Evaluation of an External Urine Collection Device for Nonambulatory Incontinent Women (1989)

Chronic urinary incontinence is a frequent complication of a variety of neurological diseases and is a major clinical problem among the aged. Urinary incontinence may be the pivotal factor that determines whether a patient requires long-term institutional care. For management of urinary incontinence in aged, nonambulatory women use of absorbent products may not prevent decubitus ulcers, while chronic use of indwelling urethral catheters results in bacteriuria and its complications. An effective external urine collection device for women, analogous in function to the condom catheter for men, may improve care by reducing complications, averting admissions to chronic care facilities and lowering medical costs. During 125 patient-days we evaluated 63 applications of an external urine collection device on 7 incontinent women in a nursing home. Each device was allowed to remain in situ for a maximum of 48 hours. Only 14 per cent of the devices required premature replacement due to unacceptable urine leakage. The median device wear time was 48 hours. The only adverse reactions observed were minimal erythema at 2 of 63 device removals and transient periurethral edema in 1 patient, which disappeared with continued use of the device. Thus, this device, exploiting an adhesive developed for ostomy appliances, was effective in maintaining patient dryness and was not associated with severe local reactions. These results appear to warrant clinical trials for extended periods in incontinent women.
The phenolics of ciders: Oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins (1978)

Abstract Ciders contain a series of procyanidins up to at least a seven‐fold degree of polymerisation, and a procyanidin tetramer based on epicatechin has been isolated by counter‐current distribution between ethyl acetate and water. Due to the shortcomings of modern methylation and mass spectrometry procedures molecular weights were determined by elevation of boiling point. Other techniques include a complex formation with dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, and silica (h.p.t.l.c.) in toluene‐acetone‐formic acid mixtures.
Humanity faces potentially significant risks: Large dams built in earthquake belts (2013)

An important but usually ignored issue is that most of large dams have been built in earthquake belts around the world, exposing the general populace to potentially significant risk subsequent to dam failure caused by large earthquakes. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China and the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant crisis in Japan sounded the alarm concerning large dams located in earthquake belts. However, large dams cannot be abandoned, thus prevention, avoidance and transition are recommended as appropriate measures to strengthen the safety of dams located in earthquake belts. Language: en
A Single Intramuscular Vaccination of Mice with the HSV-1 VC2 Virus with Mutations in the Glycoprotein K and the Membrane Protein UL20 Confers Full Protection against Lethal Intravaginal Challenge with Virulent HSV-1 and HSV-2 Strains (2014)

Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2) establish life-long infections and cause significant orofacial and genital infections in humans. HSV-1 is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the western world. Currently, there are no available vaccines to protect against herpes simplex infections. Recently, we showed that a single intramuscular immunization with an HSV-1(F) mutant virus lacking expression of the viral glycoprotein K (gK), which prevents the virus from entering into distal axons of ganglionic neurons, conferred significant protection against either virulent HSV-1(McKrae) or HSV-2(G) intravaginal challenge in mice. Specifically, 90% of the mice were protected against HSV-1(McKrae) challenge, while 70% of the mice were protected against HSV-2(G) challenge. We constructed the recombinant virus VC2 that contains specific mutations in gK and the membrane protein UL20 preventing virus entry into axonal compartments of neurons, while allowing efficient replication in cell culture, unlike the gK-null virus, which has a major defect in virus replication and spread. Intramuscular injection of mice with 107 VC2 plaque forming units did not cause any significant clinical disease in mice. A single intramuscular immunization with the VC2 virus protected 100% of mice against lethal intravaginal challenge with either HSV-1(McKrae) or HSV-2(G) viruses. Importantly, vaccination with VC2 produced robust cross protective humoral and cellular immunity that fully protected vaccinated mice against lethal disease. Quantitative PCR did not detect any viral DNA in ganglionic tissues of vaccinated mice, while unvaccinated mice contained high levels of viral DNA. The VC2 virus may serve as an efficient vaccine against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections, as well as a safe vector for the production of vaccines against other viral and bacterial pathogens.
Aiding Software Developers to Maintain Developer Tests (2012)

Unit and integration tests can be invaluable during software maintenance as they help to understand pieces of code, they help with quality assurance and they build up confidence amongst developers. Unfortunately then, previous research has shown that unit tests do not always co-evolve nicely with the production code, thus leaving the software vulnerable. This paper presents TestNForce, a tool that helps developers to identify the unit tests that need to be altered and executed after a code change, thereby reducing the effort needed to keep the unit tests in sync with the changes to the production code. In order to evaluate TestNForce, we perform a user study that evaluates the adequacy, usefulness and completeness of TestNForce.
The sentinel node in breast cancer (1999)

Plastic Surgical Nursing (PSN) is a quarterly journal that has been published continuously since 1980 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW). The Journal presents the most current information about plastic and aesthetic nursing practice. PSN features clinical articles covering a wide variety of surgical and nonsurgical reconstructive and aesthetic procedures. Articles about patient education techniques and research findings are also included, as well as articles discussing the important ethical issues and trends in this expanding clinical nursing specialty. The Journal additionally provides relevant continuing education contact hours in every issue. Members of ISPAN receive the Journal as a benefit of membership.
Sojourner on Mars and Lessons Learned for Future Planetary Rovers (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">On July 4, 1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft successfully landed on Mars in the Ares Vallis landing site and deployed an 11.5-kilogram microrover named Sojourner. This microrover accomplished its primary mission objectives in the first 7 days, and continued to operate for a total of 83 sols (1 sol = Mars day = 1 Earth day + ∼24 mins) until the lander lost communication with Earth, probably due to lander battery failure. The microrover navigated to many sites surrounding the lander, and conducted various science and technology experiments using its on-board instruments.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, the rover navigation performance is analyzed on the basis of received rover telemetry, rover uplink commands and stereo images captured by the lander cameras. Its physical traversal path is redrawn from the stereo images containing tracks and is compared with the rover-recorded path and the driver-planned path. Implications for next-generation planetary rovers are described, including the sub-1-Kg Nanorover being built by NASA to conduct asteroid exploration as part of the Japanese MUSES-C sample return mission and the large rover with the Athena payload which will be used as part of the Mars sample return program.</div>
The McKinley and Roosevelt Administrations, 1897-1909 (1923)

to 1896, the student of affairs will have had some idea, but Mark Hanna deserves an introductory notice before the last eight years of his crowded life are related. Called an enigma in New York City, he was no enigma whatever to his intimates, except that they failed to gauge his towering ability. They knew him for a shrewd money- getter, able and diligent in business, but they could not believe that he would reach a high position in public affairs that during one administration he would be known as the "king maker 7 and during another the champion of the financial magnates against Theodore Roosevelt that he would at least divide with Roosei
HLA‐DP antigens are involved in the susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (1988)

Forty‐five unrelated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from Sweden and 166 Danish controls were typed for HLA‐DP using Primed Lymphocyte Typing. Thirty‐nine MS‐patients and 63 controls were also DNA‐typed with the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique for HLA‐DP and ‐DR genes. The frequencies of DPw4 were 93.3% in MS patients and 72.3% in controls (relative risk, RR = 5.4, p = 0.0014). The DR2 antigen was present in 75.5% of the patients and in 33.7% of the controls (RR = 6.1, p < 10 ‐6 ). DPw4 was not associated (i.e., was not in linkage disequilibrium) with DR2 in patients or controls. Thus, in MS the associations with DP and DR are independent of each other. However, the combined presence of DPw4 and DR2 gave a significantly higher risk than each antigen alone, indicating that synergism between DP and DR gene products may play a role in the genetic susceptibility to MS.
Structural health monitoring: an enabler for responsive satellites (2008)

The Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RV) is developing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technologies in support of the Department of Defense's Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) initiative. Such technologies will significantly reduce the amount of time and effort required to assess a satellite's structural surety. Although SHM development efforts abound, ORS drives unique requirements on the development of these SHM systems. This paper describes several technology development efforts, aimed at solving those technical issues unique to an ORS-focused SHM system, as well as how the SHM system could be implemented within the structural verification process of a Responsive satellite.
Silicides and local interconnections for high-performance VLSI applications (1995)

As the minimum VLSI feature size continues to scale down to the 0.1–0.2-µm regime, the need for low-resistance local interconnections will become increasingly critical. Although reduction in the MOSFET channel length will remain the dominant factor in achieving higher circuit performance, existing local interconnection materials will impose greater than acceptable performance limitations. We review the state-of-the-art salicide and polycide processes, with emphasis on work at IBM, and discuss the limitations that pertain to future implementations in high-performance VLSI circuit applications. A brief review of various silicide-based and tungsten-based approaches for forming local interconnections is presented, along with a more detailed description of a tungsten-based “damascene” local interconnection approach.
Natural Polymorphism of the HIV-1 Integrase Gene and Mutations associated with Integrase Inhibitor Resistance (2007)

Major INI mutations within the catalytic domain and extended active sites associated with high level resistance to the compounds in late stage development, especially strand transfer inhibitors (STIs), were infrequent in our study, which may help explain the excellent virological responses demonstrated in clinical trials.
Raman gain and nonlinear optical absorption measurements in a low-loss silicon waveguide (2004)

We fabricated a low-loss (∼0.22dB∕cm) rib waveguide (WG) in silicon-on-insulator with a small effective core area of ∼1.57μm2 and measured the stimulated Raman scattering gain in the WG. We obtained 2.3dB Raman gain in a 4.8-cm-long S-shaped WG using a 1455nm pump laser with a cw power of 0.9W measured before the WG. In addition, we observed nonlinear dependence of Raman gain and optical propagation loss as a function of the pump power. Our study shows that this mainly is due to two-photon absorption (TPA) induced free carrier absorption in the silicon WG. We experimentally determined the TPA induced free carrier lifetime of 25ns, which agrees well with our modeling.
Coulomb-Blockade Dominated Transport in Patterned Gold-Cluster Structures (1997)

In this paper we present the fabrication and near-room temperature electrical transport properties of structures made from the gold-cluster material Au 55 [P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 12 Cl 6 . We discuss the use of electron-beam lithography to define the structures laterally and compare the direct current-voltage characteristics of non-patterned and patterned structures. In both cases non-linear behavior is observed with features that are consistent with Coulomb blockade dominated transport in disordered arrays of clusters. Radio frequency induced plateaus in the current-voltage characteristics demonstrate coherent tunneling. Finally, we show that other ligand stabilized gold-cluster materials can be used to form ordered gold-cluster arrays.
A visual tracking system for the measurement of dynamic structural displacements (1991)

Abstract A transputer‐based system has been developed for the measurement of dynamic displacements in real time by visually tracking moving objects from a video Input. Parallel processing techniques have been used to track multiple objects at frame rate, and various predictive tracking algorithms have been assessed and implemented on the transputer network. The system is primarily intended for applications such as the monitoring or testing of large physical structures where actual displacements may not easily be otherwise determined. Results from the monitoring of the behaviour of the Humber Bridge at the centre of its span are presented.
P2A-8 Lipid-Stabilized Monodisperse Microbubbles Produced by Flow Focusing for Use as Ultrasound Contrast Agents (2006)

Lipid-encapsulated microbubbles have demonstrated utility in biomedical applications as ultrasound contrast agents and drug delivery vehicles. Current production methods of these microbubbles result in distributions with a large size variance. The size and monodispersity of ultrasound contrast agents are fundamentally important due to the relationship between bubble diameter and resonant frequency, destruction threshold, and susceptibility to radiation force. Several groups have recently developed microfluidic technologies for generation of microbubbles, but to date no group has demonstrated the production of shell-stabilized monodisperse contrast agents using these techniques. In this work, we use microfluidic-based flow focusing methods to produce monodisperse microbubbles in the diameter range required for in-vivo imaging. The diameter of the bubbles produced using this technique can be precisely tailored by adjusting the gas and liquid flow rate parameters. In order to stabilize the microbubbles for use as ultrasound contrast agents, we examine aqueous mixtures of glycerol/propylene glycol as well as stabilizing lipids. The effect of the lipid, emulsifier and viscosity agent concentration was found to be critical to stabilize the microbubbles. High-speed camera images and particle sizing analysis were combined to study the coalescence and dissolution phenomena as well as the size distribution. The concentration of the PEG-emulsifier and the existence of the viscosity agents determined the microbubble coalescence rate. Our experiments show that an optimum concentration of glycerol and propylene glycol in the liquid phase mixture reduces coalescence. Monodisperse microbubbles coated with a lipid-shell in a viscous solution were found to be stable up to three months
Ovid and Augustan Apollo (2004)

Ovid's treatment of Phoebus Apollo affords an interesting test case in the politics of reading Augustan poetry. At issue is not just a political perspective does Ovid participate in the construction of Augustan ideology or destabilize imperial symbols? but how, and indeed whether, the Augustan dimension of Apollo is evoked in particular instances. The Princeps' appropriation of Apollo as a kind of personal patron, most powerfully expressed in the impressive new Palatine temple that he built for the god adjacent to his own house, left an indelible imprint on the literature of the age.1 All contemporary poets whose works survive meditated on the god's connection with Octavian-Augustus, and put that connection into dialog with his multitudinous traditional roles in Greco-Roman culture, chief deity of prophecy, patron of poets, especially in the guise of the Callimachean poetic advisor, righter of wrongs, wooer of maidens, Apollo Medicus, and so forth. Ovid himself famously includes Augustan Apollo in the network of explicit contemporary references framing the Metamorphoses. In Book 1 the god tells the freshly arboreal Daphne that among her future aretai will be faithfully to guard Augustus' residence (1.562). Fifteen books later, at the work's close, the poet prays for the Emperor's delayed apotheosis to a group of Roman divinities, among whom is Phoebus domesticus (15.865), Apollo as imperial household deity. Often the god's Augustan aspect is implicit or indirect in our literary texts. What interests me in this paper are the ways in which political meaning arises from such passages. Some critics seem to operate from the premise that the totalizing impulse of imperial ideology colors every literary and artistic appearance of figures like Apollo, figures with which the Emperor chose to
Coupled-local-mode theory and study of optical properties of a Gaussian fiber grating (1999)

A coupled-local-mode theory is presented for a nonuniform fiber grating with slowly varying background induced-index change. On this basis the transmission spectrum of a Gaussian fiber grating is calculated, and the underlying physical mechanism is studied in detail.
Feedback stabilisation of synchronous generator by extended linearisation (1991)

The concept of extended linearisation for nonlinear control design yields control systems for which the linearisations have eigenvalues independent of the operating point. The computations of the procedure is complicated. There are systems where the parameterisation of the operating points by the input cannot be directly applied. A novel method of parameterisation of the operating point which overcomes these disadvantages is proposed. Its effectiveness is proved by application to the stabilisation of a synchronous generator, which is a problem of great importance in power systems control. The results are compared with conventional control using a linear pole-placing controller. The robustness of the proposed nonlinear control is also considered.
Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy (2018)

This trial provides Class I evidence that for patients with PMM, elamipretide improved the distance walked on the 6MWT.
Ischemic Findings of T<sub>2</sub>*-Weighted 3-Tesla MRI in Acute Stroke Patients (2008)

Ischemic vessel signs and the ischemic tissue sign on T(2)*WI at 3 T would be useful to evaluate the extensive ischemia due to major vessel occlusion and may be correlated with the blood-oxygen-level-dependent effect due to increased deoxyhemoglobin. The ischemic tissue sign may be reflective of severe ischemia.
The Self‐Recognition and Self‐Assembly of Folic Acid Salts in Isotropic Water Solution (1996)

Abstract The self‐assembly of alkaline folates in isotropic water solutions, with or without added salts, has been investigated by small‐angle neutron‐scattering, circular‐dichroism, and NMR techniques. The assembled species are chiral, cylindrical aggregates of finite length, composed of stacked tetramers; each tetramer is formed by Hoogsteen ‐bonded folate residues. The assembly process is more efficient in the presence of an excess of Na I ions, leading to longer aggregates with stronger tetramer‐tetramer‐tetramer interaction. In pure water, the rods are shorter and the tetramer‐tetramer interaction weaker. Association between folates can be detected by circular‐dichroism spectroscopy starting from a concentration of 6· 10 −4 mol l −1 , well below the critical concentration for the formation of the cholesteric mesophase ( ca. 0.5 mol l −1 ).