gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEUE METHODEN UND NEUE ZIELE BEI DER ENTWICKLUNG VON INSASSENSCHUTZSYSTEMEN (1995)

New demands of the automobile industry push the supply industry to adjust and refine company profiles in order to stay or become T1 suppliers. T1-level means system competence and direct partnership with automobile customer in research and development on new system concepts for new cars. The occupant protection system as essential part of automotive safety is taken into account here. The definition of the system shows first that an occupant protection system cannot clearly be defined or limited either. A general automotive engineering sight ist necessary to identify means for further improvements in the system. New ressources, scientific equipment and staff are shown up by further-developed system competent suppliers offering and demanding new methodology of system development and the detail development of system components. Cost and time savings are the main items of this new methodology. In addition, however, new levels of automotive safety can be achieved with these new tools, too: Improved driver and passenger safety by means of sophisticated components. It is shown here that basic considerations with respect to the principal aspects of occupant protection such as maximum use of the forward displacement of driver/passenger at sufficient, biomechanically acceptable loads lead to new targets in airbag system development. Fig. 1 describes the improvements by balancing of seat belt system related to the airbag system, and diagram 3 gives an idea of the potential of smart venting techniques in airbags. New Out-Of-Position developments are being evaluated and related to possible enhancements of new airbag system concepts. The Petri-fold as a means of OOP-load-reduction is discussed. Countermeasures on OOP-effects are being identified as primary or secondary. It is pointed out that new methods and new aims in the development of occupant protection systems may result in further improvements of automotive safety.
Changes in serum alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha1 acid glycoprotein and beta2 glycoprotein i in patients with malignant hepatocellular carcinoma (1979)

Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and beta 2 glycoprotein I concentrations were determined in 36 patients with malignant hepatocellularcarcinoma, 30 with cirrhosis and 35 with hepatitis by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein levels were significantly higher in patients with hepatocellularcarcinoma than in those with cirrhosis (p less than 0.001) or hepatitis (p less than 0.001). Elevated levels of alpha 1 antitrypsin were found in 88.9% of patients with hepatoma compared to 23.3% of patients with cirrhosis and 28.6% of patients with hepatitis. Raised levels of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein were also found in 80.6% of patients with hepatoma compared to 20% of patients with cirrhosis and in only 5.7% of patients with hepatitis. beta 2 glycoprotein I levels were similar in the three conditions and therefore not useful for differential diagnosis. In monitoring the progress of tumor growth alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein levels were found to increase during the growth phase. Measurements of these two glycoproteins are suggested for differential diagnosis of these liver diseases, as tumor markers for the detection of hepatocarcinoma, and for the monitoring of the progress during treatment.
A vertical seismic profiling experiment to determine depth and dip of the Paleozoic surface at drill hole U10bd, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (1980)

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a vertical seismic profile experiment in drill hole UElObd during September 1978 at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada. The purposes of the experiment were to obtain seismic reflections from the Paleozoic surface beneath the Quaternary and Tertiary deposits of Yucca Flat, and to compare different sources used to generate seismic energy for vertical seismic profiles. Five profiles were made, two using different surface sources and three using different downhole sources. The seismic signal was detected with a downhole clamping geophone. The reflection from the Paleozoic surface was evident on all five profiles, with no source showing a comparative advantage over the others. Velocity filtering was shown to be an extremely valuable tool for enhancing the reflection from the Paleozoic surface. The vertical seismic profiles suggest that seismic energy trapped in the near-surface zone is probably the reason for the limited success of previous attempts to map the Paleozoic surface with surface seismic-reflection surveys. Vertical seismic profiling was shown to be a viable method for obtaining reflections from the Paleozoic surface beneath Yucca Flat.
Levels of biological markers of nitric oxide in serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (2013)

The aim of the study was a determination of the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and its biological markers such as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and identification of the relationships between NO and those markers. These studies were performed on patients with SCC of the oral cavity before and after treatment. Griess reaction was used for the estimation of the total concentration of NO in serum. The nitrotyrosine level in serum was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and MDA level using a spectrophotometric assay. Higher concentrations of NO in blood serum were determined in patients with stage IV of the disease before treatment in comparison to the control group and patients with stages II and III of the disease. Moreover, higher concentrations of MDA and nitrotyrosine were determined in the serum of patients in all stages of the disease in comparison to healthy people. After treatment, lower concentrations of NO in the serum of patients with stage IV of the disease were observed in comparison to the amounts obtained prior to treatment. In addition, lower levels of nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with all stages of the disease were recorded, whereas higher concentrations of MDA were determined in these patients in comparison to results obtained before treatment. The compounds formed with the contribution of NO, such as MDA and nitrotyrosine, may lead to cancer progression in patients with SCC of the oral cavity, and contribute to formation of resistance to therapy in these patients as well. Moreover, the lack of a relationship between concentrations of NO and MDA, and between NO and nitrotyrosine in serum suggests that the process of lipid peroxidation and nitration in patients with SCC does not just depend on NO.
Dislocation and morphology control during molecular-beam epitaxy of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures directly on sapphire substrates (2002)

We report on the growth and transport characteristics of high-density (∼1013 cm−2) two-dimensional electron gases confined at the AlGaN/GaN interface grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. For structures consisting of a 25 nm Al0.30Ga0.70N barrier deposited on a 2 μm insulating GaN buffer, room-temperature mobilities averaging 1400 cm2/V s at a sheet charge density of 1.0×1013 cm−2 are consistently achieved. Central to our approach is a sequence of two Ga/N ratios during the growth of the insulating GaN buffer layer. The two-step buffer layer allows us to simultaneously optimize the reduction of threading dislocations and surface morphology. Our measured sheet resistivities as low as 350Ω/□ compare favorably with those achieved on sapphire or SiC by any growth method. Representative current–voltage characteristics of high-electron-mobility transistors fabricated from this material are presented.
Large‐Area Compliant Tactile Sensors Using Printed Carbon Nanotube Active‐Matrix Backplanes (2015)

A 20 × 20 pixel pressure sensor array based on a printed active-matrix single-wall carbon-nanotube thin-film transistor backplane is presented. Using a gravure printing process that is compatible with fully printed large-area roll-to-roll processing, a 97% device yield is obtained on the 400-transistor backplane. As a proof of concept, pressure sensors are integrated to map the applied tactile pressure across the array.
Galanthamine Chemistry. V. Formation of Hydroxyapogalanthamine from Galanthaminone and the Synthesis of its Trimethyl Ether. (1964)

Treatment of galanthaminone with hydriodic acid gave hydroxyapogalanthamine, the structure of which has been elucidated by degradation to the known diphenic acid (IV). The trimethyl ether of hydroxyapogalanthamine has been synthesized by two methods, confirming the structure of this important transformation product of galanthaminone. Based on this and other chemical evidence it has been concluded that galanthamine is represented by formula (III).
Psychoactive drug use among overweight psychiatric patients: problem aspect of anorectic drugs. (1980)

The relationship between anorectic drug (stimulant) treatment and subsequent drug abuse in overweight individuals has often been discussed but seldom systematically studied. One hypothesis is that anorectic treatment promotes the likelihood of drug-abuse patterns. The present study involved a group of overweight psychiatric patients (n=91) who were compared on the basis of whether or not they had used anorectic drugs in the past year and also whether or not they were currently using any form of psychoactive drugs. It was found that the use of anorectic drugs was mainly associated with weight problems, such as dieting difficulties, but not with amount of overweight. Anorectic use and other weight-problem variables do not seem to be strongly related to the psychiatric patient's drug problems.
One balloon approach for optimized Palmaz‐Schatz stent implantation: The MUSCAT trial (1997)

Background After stent deployment, larger balloons are frequently needed to optimize stent expansion according to angiographic and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) criteria. The objective of this trial was to assess the feasibility and safety of a single-balloon approach for predilation, stent implantation, and optimization with a differential-compliant balloon allowing for focal overexpansion. We also evaluated the achieved degree of stent expansion according to IVUS criteria. Methods and Results Forty-seven consecutive patients with 50 lesions received single or multiple Palmaz-Schatz coronary stents. The final angiographic diameter stenosis was -2.6 ± 12.6% (reference diameter, 2.89 ± 0.44 mm), and the residual lumen area stenosis (IVUS) was 13.0 ± 12.3% (reference area 10.8 ± 3.0 mm2). This result was achieved in two steps (first angiographic, then IVUS-guided stent optimization). The balloon inflation pressure increased from 13.1 ± 3.0 bar at step 1 to 16.1 ± 3.0 bar at step 2, which resulted in a balloon to artery ratio of 0.97 ± 0.12 and 1.10 ± 0.15, respectively, at the low-compliant peripheral balloon segments. The more compliant central balloon segments showed a balloon to artery ratio of 1.09 ± 0.17 and 1.28 ± 0.17, respectively. The primary success rate for stent deployment was 94%. Acute complications included two type A and one type B dissection without clinical sequelae. Conclusions The single-balloon approach for stenting is feasible and safe. The acute result is comparable to that of other studies with IVUS-guided stent optimization, the primary success rate, however, is slightly lower with the presently available catheter. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:130–136, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Voice assistant application for the Serbian language (2015)

This paper presents a Voice Assistant, an Android based personal assistant application for mobile phones, allowing voice control for the Serbian language. The native interface is provided for a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system based on the open-source Kaldi speech recognition toolkit. Several acoustic models were trained using a database of about 70000 utterances, by adding different amount of noise. The results are provided for a test database of about 4500 utterances and a test vocabulary of more than 14000 words.
Induction of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin‐dependent NO synthase in various organs of rats by <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> and lipopolysaccharide treatment (1992)

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase was found to be induced during rat liver necrosis caused by administration of Propionibacterium acnes and E. coli lipopolysaccharide to rats. Examination of the specific induction of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent NO synthase showed that the enzyme was induced in the lung, spleen and colon as well as the liver. Northern blot analysis revealed that the induction occurred at the transcriptional level.
Novel cellulose nanomaterials (2014)

Papers, foams and gels from nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) have emerged as promising materials for various applications. In this study NFC from a Kraft Pulp used in traditional electrical insulation was produced with the aid of a high pressure homogenizer. Papers were manufactured and their mechanical properties as well as their dielectric responses in oil were measured. The disintegration results in a durable, flexible papers with high strength and density while the dielectric response correlate to that of Kraft Paper with similar density. This paper also includes a description on how inorganic nanoparticles was used to modify the properties of the fibres through a topochemical modification. In this latter technique a Layer-by-Layer technology was used where the charges of the fibres are treated with consecutive layers of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles.
Changes in MIC Alter Responses of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to Tobramycin Exposure (1998)

The pharmacokinetic parameters determining antibiotic efficacy are peak concentrations (Cmax), minimum (trough) concentrations (Cmin), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). There is general agreement about the importance of Cmax and AUC for aminoglycosides, but this is not so for maintenance of Cmin. With in vitro exposures modelling in vivo administration, Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference strain ATCC 27853 (MIC, 1 mg/liter) and a higher-MIC (relatively resistant) clinical isolate (MIC, 4 mg/liter) were used to explore bacteriostatic and bactericidal outcomes. With P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, kill followed a complete bolus profile with a 30-min postdistribution peak (Cpeak30) of 10 mg/liter. The clinical isolate required a Cpeak30 bolus profile of 20 mg/liter for kill, and there was no difference between the efficacies of the bolus and infusion exposures. Bolus profiles that were truncated at 8.5 h and producing sublethal effects were then combined with a wide range of Cmins. With a Cpeak30 profile of 8 mg/liter, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 showed a graded bacteriostatic response until a Cmin of > or = 0.8 mg/liter, when complete kill resulted. In contrast, bactericidal effects on the clinical isolate required a Cpeak30 profile of 18 mg/liter with a Cmin of > or = 1.0 mg/liter. Therefore, Cmin also contributes to the bactericidal effect of tobramycin, with requirements showing minor variation with change in MIC. Dosing principles for relatively resistant (higher-MIC) organisms are suggested from the data. Relatively higher aminoglycoside doses via infusion regimens are likely to be needed to generate higher peak concentrations and higher AUC values necessary for bactericidal effect in resistant organisms. Maintenance of trough concentrations on the order of 1.0 mg/liter during the interdose interval will tend to guard against the possibility of inadequate peak and AUC exposures for kill.
Proinflammatory Characteristics of SMAC/DIABLO-Induced Cell Death in Antitumor Therapy (2012)

Molecular mimetics of the caspase activator second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) are being investigated for use in cancer therapy, but an understanding of in vivo effects remains incomplete. In this study, we offer evidence that SMAC mimetics elicit a proinflammatory cell death in cancer cells that engages an adaptive antitumor immune response. Cancer cells of different histologic origin underwent apoptosis when transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding a cytosolic form of the SMAC mimetic LV-tSMAC. Strikingly, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with LV-tSMAC resulted in the induction of apoptosis, activation of antitumor immunity, and enhanced survival. Antitumor immunity was accompanied by an increase of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes displaying low PD-1 expression, high lytic capacity, and high levels of IFN-γ when stimulated. We also noted in vivo a decrease in regulatory T cells along with in vitro activation of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells by dendritic cells (DC) isolated from tumor draining lymph nodes. Last, tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells were also found to be activated in vivo. Mechanistic analyses showed that transduction of cancer cells with LV-tSMAC resulted in exposure of calreticulin but not release of HMGB1 or ATP. Nevertheless, DCs were activated upon engulfment of dying cancer cells. Further validation of these findings was obtained by their extension in a model of human melanoma using transcriptionally targeted LV-tSMAC. Together, our findings suggest that SMAC mimetics can elicit a proinflammatory cell death that is sufficient to activate adaptive antitumor immune responses in cancer.
Design and analysis of heat sinks (1995)

Linear Transformations. Elements of the Linear Transformations. Singular Fins and Spines and Single Elements. Algorithms for Finned Array Assembly. Examples of Finned Array Analysis. Reciprocity and Node Analysis. A General Array Method. Convective Optimizations. Heat Transfer-Parallel Plate Heat Sinks. References. Appendices. Indexes.
Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reversibly Crosslinked Networks of Nanoparticles in Metallocene-Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization (2001)

A hierarchic build-up of functional nano- and microparticles allows the generation of smart organic supports for metallocene catalysts. Latices, well defined in size and surface structure, are made by emulsion polymerization using poly(ethylene oxide)-containing surfactants. Micron-sized catalyst beads are formed by reversible loading/crosslinking with a metallocene/methylaluminoxane complex. As a result of the network fragmentation during ethylene polymerization, the catalysts achieve very high productivities, hard polyethylene particles and homogeneous distributions of nanometer-sized fragments in the product.
Copolymerization of poly(propylene) macromonomer with ethylene by (<i>tert</i>‐butanamide)dimethyl(tetramethyl‐η<sup>5</sup>‐cyclopentadienyl)silanetitanium dichloride/methylaluminoxane catalyst (1997)

Abstract The copolymerization of ethylene and a poly(propylene) macromonomer, the number‐average polymerization degree ( P n ) of which was about 11, was conducted with ( tert ‐butanamide)dimethyl(tetramethyl‐η 5 ‐cyclopentadienyl)silanetitanium dichloride (CGC‐Ti) combined with methylaluminoxane. The rate of ethylene consumption is increased by adding the macromonomer when copolymerization was carried out at 40°C, whereas such rate enhancement could not be observed at 90°C. It was found that the increase of ethylene polymerization rate is accompanied by the incorporation of the macromonomer. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and 13 C NMR measurements of the produced polymers, it was proved that the poly(propylene) macromonomer was copolymerized with the present CGC‐Ti catalyst and the P n value of the macromonomer incorporated in the copolymer does not influence the conversion of the macromonomer.
Gemcitabine (1996)

This paper reviews the toxiclty profile of gemcitabine, a novel anticancer drug. Gemcitabine has been administered using two different treatment schedules: once weekly or twice weekly for 3 weeks followed by a week of rest (one cycle). It was well tolerated and alopecia was not a problem. Toxlcity was greater in the twice-weekly schedule. Comparing the once-weekly with the twice-weekly schedule, WHO grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was reported in 4.7 and 25.6% of patients, respectively. Other hematological toxicity was minimal. Transient WHO grade 3 or 4 elevations of ALT and AST occurred in 9.2 and 7.1% of patients, respectively, in the once-weekly schedule. For the twice-weekly schedule the corresponding percentages were 12.2 and 13.8%. Symptomatic toxicity was greater in patients who received twice-weekly gemcitabine. Nausea and vomiting was mild and generally well controlled without 5HT3 antagonists. However, there was a greater incidence of nausea and vomiting on the twice-weekly schedule. Flu-like symptoms were documented in 19.8% of patients receiving once-weekly and 63.3% of patients receiving twice-weekly gemcitabine. Peripheral edema, not related to cardiac, hepatic or renal failure, was seen more often in patients on twice-weekly treatment. As the efficacy of gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer was equivalent when using both regimens, the better tolerated and more easily administered once-weekly schedule is recommended.
Governing infrastructure networks for a low carbon economy (2011)

This paper analyses efforts to promote innovation in the UK energy networks sector. Using a case study approach, we chart the co-evolution between technologies and institutions in electricity distribution networks since the introduction of privatization and market liberalization over twenty years ago. It is observed that as a result of macro level institutional dynamics, innovation has become an increasingly important policy and regulatory goal. However, efforts to promote radical and architectural innovation, such as the transition to a smart grid, face significant barriers at the firm and sector levels. It is argued that changes are required to the formal and informal institutions which govern the sector in order to promote a more coherent relationship between technological and institutional change, leading to a productive innovation system which allows firms to collaborate across the electricity value chain and develop inter-firm/cross sector innovation partnerships. keywords: co-evolution; electricity distribution; innovation systems; smart grid; socio-technical transitions * Corresponding author. sustainability Research Institute, school of earth and environment, University of leeds, leeds ls2 9Jt, UK. e-mail addresses: eerpgb@leeds.ac.uk (Ronan Bolton). Ph +44 113 343 6461. ** sustainability Research Institute, school of earth and environment, University of leeds, leeds ls2 9Jt, UK. Governing Infrastructure Networks for a low Carbon economy Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Volume 12 (2011), No. 1 3