gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulates Interleukin-2 Receptor Complex Formation and JAK3/STAT5 Activation (2009)

Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a key role in interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor-mediated activation of Janus tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in lymphocytes. Although the mechanisms governing IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of JAK3/STAT5 have been extensively studied, the role of serine/threonine phosphorylation in controlling these effectors remains to be elucidated. Using phosphoamino acid analysis, JAK3 and STAT5 were determined to be serine and tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to IL-2 stimulation of the human natural killer-like cell line, YT. IL-2 stimulation also induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of IL-2Rbeta, but not IL-2Rgamma. To investigate the regulation of serine/threonine phosphorylation in IL-2 signaling, the roles of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) were examined. Inhibition of phosphatase activity by calyculin A treatment of YT cells resulted in a significant induction of serine phosphorylation of JAK3 and STAT5, and serine/threonine phosphorylation of IL-2Rbeta. Moreover, inhibition of PP2A, but not PP1, diminished IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IL-2Rbeta, JAK3, and STAT5, and abolished STAT5 DNA binding activity. Serine/threonine phosphorylation of IL-2Rbeta by a staurosporine-sensitive kinase also blocked its association with JAK3 and IL-2Rgamma in YT cells. Taken together, these data indicate that serine/threonine phosphorylation negatively regulates IL-2 signaling at multiple levels, including receptor complex formation and JAK3/STAT5 activation, and that this regulation is counteracted by PP2A. These findings also suggest that PP2A may serve as a therapeutic target for modulating JAK3/STAT5 activation in human disease.
Macrophage Scavenger Receptor (SR-A I/II) Deficiency Reduced Diet-induced Atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J Mice (2001)

The effects of SR-A I/II deficiency and a synthetic anti-oxidant BO-653 on a diet-induced atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J, an inbred strain known to be susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerotic lesion formation, were examined. Quantitative analysis of the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the mice fed the high-fat diet revealed that the atherosclerotic lesion area in SR-A I/II mutants was significantly reduced by 70% compared to wild type mice. A similar level of lesion reduction (75%) was found in wild type mice fed the high-fat diet supplemented with 0.6% BO-653 compared to those without BO-653. Thus, for C57BL/6J in the setting of prolonged exposure to a high-fat diet, defect of SR-A I/II expression is significantly protective against the development of atherosclerosis, as is the synthetic anti-oxidant BO-653. These results indicate that SR-A I/II has a crucial role in atherosclerotic lesion formation with uptake of oxidized-LDL in this mouse model.
The Influence of Coagulation Variables on the Structure and Physical Properties of an Acrylic Fiber (1963)

During the coagulation step in the wet spinning process, a concentrated, highly viscous polymer solution is transformed into protofibers which require further processing before they acquire textile fiber properties. The structure of these protofibers is strongly influenced by coagulation conditions, and this structure, in turn, influences the extent to which desirable properties can be developed in the finished product. In this study, the effect of several coagulation variables on the structure of protofibers preserved by freeze drying has been determined and related to the further processability and final properties of the fibers. Coagulation temperature, coagulation bath composition, extrusion rate, and take-up rate are shown to influence the cross-sectional shape, initial density, and void structure of the protofibers. Higher initial fiber density and more homogeneous internal structure permit the development of higher strength at lower stretches, higher elongation at a given strength level, high maximum strength and modulus at high stretch ratios, and improved fatigue and abrasion behavior.
<i>Mycoplasma cavipharyngis</i>and<i>Mycoplasma fastidiosum</i>, the closest relatives to<i>Eperythrozoon</i>spp. and<i>Haemobartonella</i>spp. (1999)

The 16S rRNA gene sequences of Mycoplasma cavipharyngis and Mycoplasma fastidiosum have been determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these species formed a new cluster within the so-called pneumoniae group of the mollicutes (class Mollicutes). This cluster will be referred to as the M. fastidiosum cluster. Interestingly, the M. fastidiosum cluster formed a sister lineage to the haemotrophic bacteria. Eperythrozoon spp. and Haemobartonella spp. The two latter genera, formerly classified as rickettsias, formed a stable phylogenetic entity in the tree as judged from branch lengths, bootstrap values and sequence signatures. Thus, the members of the M. fastidiosum cluster are the closest known relatives to the haemotrophic bacteria. Our data strongly support that the haemotrophic bacteria should be reclassified to reflect their actual phylogenetic affiliation.
Effect of Potassium on the Assimilate Conduction to Storage Tissue (1980)

Abstract The promoting effect of K+ on phloem transport has been shown by various authors for different plant species. This effect was also obtained in cases in which C0 2 ‐assimilation was not improved by K+. Experiments with Ricinus communis provided evidence that K+ favoured the flux rate of phloem sap without diluting its content in organic and inorganic solutes. This all over effect results in higher flux rates of all phloem solutes. In this respect the long distance transport of sucrose, amino acids and Mg 2 + is of particular interest. The long distance transport of these compounds was shown to be favoured by K+. Potassium is known to activate starch and protein synthezising enzymes involved in the metabolism of storage tissue. There is evidence, that also in cases of a suboptimum K+ supply, the K+ level in the storage tissue probably is still high enough to provide an optimum activation of the K+ requiring enzymes. For this reason it is unlikely that the favourable effect of K+ on phloem transport is related to processes in the physiological sink. It is more likely that K+ favours the phloem loading process. Indirectly K+ could promote the phloem loading process by improving the provision of energy (ATP). It is, however, also feasible that K+ acts more directly by being involved in the ATPase reaction which is supposed to drive the sucrose uptake of sieve tubes.
Story retrieval and comparison using concept patterns (2012)

To understand a new situation, humans draw from their knowledge of past experiences and events. For a computer to use the same method, it must be able to retrieve stories that shed light on a new situation. Traditional story retrieval uses keywords to determine similarity. Keywords are useful for determining whether stories share similar topics. However, they miss how stories can be structurally similar. In my work, I have used high level concept patterns, which are structures of causally related events. Concept patterns follow the Goldilocks principle, that the features should be of intermediate size. Given a story about cyber crime and another about traditional warfare, the wording will be different, as cyber crime involves viruses, DDOS attacks, and hacking, while traditional warfare involves armies, invasions, and weapons. However, both stories may involve instances of revenge and betrayal. Using a corpus of 15 conflict stories, I have shown that a similarity measure based on concept patterns differs substantially from a similarity measured based on keywords. In addition, I compared three concept-pattern methods with human performance in a pilot study in which 11 participants performed story comparison. My goal was to contribute to a human competence model, but I have also explored applications
Distortion in Diffraction Tomography Caused by Multiple Scattering (1983)

In this paper, we have first presented a new computational procedure for the calculation of the "true" forward scattered fields of a multicomponent object. By "true" we mean fields that are not limited by the first-order approximations, such as those used in the first-order Born and Rytov calculations. Although the results shown will only include the second-order fields for a multicomponent object, the computational procedure can easily be generalized for higher order scattering effects. Using this procedure we have shown by computer simulation that even when each component of a two-component object is weakly scattering, the multiple scattering effects become important when the components are blocking each other. We have further shown that when strongly scattering components that are large compared to a wavelength are not blocking each other, the scattering effects can be ignored. Both these conclusions agree with intuitive reasoning. Since all the currently available diffraction tomography algorithms are based on the assumption that the object satisfies the first-order scattering assumption, it is interesting to test them under conditions when this assumption is violated. We have used the scattered fields obtained with the new computational procedure to test these algorithms, and shown the resulting artifacts. Our main conclusion drawn from this computer simulation study is that even when object inhomogeneities are as small as 5 percent of the background, multiple scattering can introduce severe distortions in multicomponent objects.
Understanding Information Communication Strategies Among Farmers for Effective Utilization of Climate Research and Forecast in the Niger-Delta, Nigeria (2018)

Agriculture constitutes the principal livelihood of 70 per cent of the world's poor and the primary means of their food security.The poor, who depend on agriculture for sustenance and livelihoods is currently faced with the challenges of changing climatic conditions.Generally, it is believed that the impact is most felt by the poor due to their weak capacity to adapt.The Niger-Delta region where the study is based is particularly vulnerable to climate change due to its location in the coastal region coupled with its high mean annual rainfall of about 4500mm.Reports on the environmental state of the region are conclusive that the area has become an ecological wasteland.Access to accurate and up to date climate research and forecast are vital for climate change adaptation practices.Other studies have shown that the use of ICT including internet, mobile phones, emails, community radio, TV, telecenters, computers are not fully utilized by farmers, especially in rural areas in the region.It is therefore necessary to identify the information communication and knowledge sharing strategies among farmers in the region with a view to mainstreaming them into climate research and seasonal climate forecast dissemination strategies in the Niger-delta region of Nigeria.This study aims at understanding farmer's information communication strategies in the Niger-delta region of Nigeria.Two local communities (Illushi and Isoko) in the region that are noted for high agricultural activities but highly vulnerable to climate change were purposively selected for the study.Data for the study were obtained through questionnaire administration and indepth interviews (IDI).Focus group discussions (FGD) were also conducted for selected farming groups in each of the communities.Analysis of data was done with the use of statistical packages of the Social Sciences (SPSS) using mainly descriptive statistics while the IDI and FGD were content analysed.The study identified the main information communication strategies among farmers to include village meetings, town hall meetings, town crier, traditional shrines and deity, churches, market places, local bars (pepper soup joint), age group meetings, among others.Among other recommendations, the paper calls for the integration of these local medium of information sharing among farmers with the modern media and the translation of climate forecast and research outputs into local languages to enhance access and utilization of climate research and forecasts among farmers in the Niger-Delta region.
Acupuncture for Treating Whiplash Associated Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials (2014)

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of whiplash associated disorder (WAD). Twenty databases were searched from their inceptions to Oct. 2013. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of acupuncture (AT), electroacupuncture (EA), or dry needling (DN) for the treatment of WAD were considered eligible. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included RCTs have serious methodological flaws. Four of the RCTs showed effectiveness of AT, AT in addition to usual care (UC), AT in addition to herbal medicine (HM) or EA was more effective than relaxation, sham EA, sham EA in addition to HM or UC for conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and alleviating pain. In one RCT, DN in addition to physiotherapy (PT) had no effect compared to sham-DN in addition to PT for the reduction of pain. None of the RCTs showed that AT/EA/DN was more effective than various types of control groups in reducing disability/function. One RCT did not report between-group comparisons of any outcome measures. The evidence for the effectiveness of AT/EA/DN for the treatment of WAD is limited. Therefore, more research in this area is warranted.
Model studies related to vanadium biochemistry: recent advances and perspectives (2003)

Increasing evidence on the need of the higher forms of life for vanadium has accumulated during recent years. Model studies have become a very important tool to attain a better understanding of different aspects of the biochemistry of this bioelement. In this account we present the results of our own studies, as well as those of other research groups, on models related to different aspects of its metabolism and detoxification and to vanadium dependent haloperoxidases. Additional information about the interaction of the biologically relevant oxovanadium(IV) cation with important bioligands, such as nucleotides, carbohydrates, phosphates and related systems are also presented.
Noise produced by a sawtooth trailing edge (1991)

An analysis is made of the noise produced by low Mach number turbulent flow over the serrated edge of a flat plate airfoil at zero angle of attack. The serrations are of sawtooth profile of wavelength λ and root-to-tip distance 2h. At frequencies ω satisfying ωh/U≫1 (where U is the velocity of the main stream) it is predicted that the intensity of the radiation is reduced relative to that produced by the same flow over an unserrated edge by at least 10×log[1+(4h/λ)2] dB. Predictions are contrasted with analogous results derived [M. S. Howe, J. Fluids Struct. 5, 33–45 (1991)] for smoothly varying serrations of sinusoidal profile, for which it was concluded that attenuations of order 10×log(6h/λ) dB are possible.
Development of controlled release antimicrobial films from low methoxyl pectin (2008)

Biopolymer-based controlled release antimicrobial packaging is an innovative packaging that aids in controlled replenishment of antimicrobial compound at the food surface, where it is required the most. Various biopolymers have been evaluated for controlled release purposes; focus being mainly on their antimicrobial effectiveness. However, low methoxyl pectin, with the potential to control release of active compounds by forming different degrees of crosslinking, has not been exploited in antimicrobial packaging and there is a lack of understanding of different variables affecting the release properties of active compounds from pectin films. The main objective of this thesis was to identify the key variables involved in the development of pectin-based antimicrobial films by evaluation of the effect of different variables such as composition variables (size of active compound and degree of calcium crosslinking), process variables (pH of pectin, method of crosslinking), and environmental variables on the release of antimicrobial compounds, especially nisin. A secondary objective was to demonstrate the concept that release of active compounds could be altered by varying the degree of calcium crosslinking within the pectin matrix. Antimicrobial compounds such as sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and nisin were chosen based on their different physical and chemical properties. Coomassie blue dye was used as a model compound for proof of concept. Films were produced from LM pectin by varying the DE of pectin and calcium concentration using the solution casting method. Release of antimicrobial compounds into water as a food simulant was measured by UV/Visible spectrophotometry or HPLC or agar diffusion assay, depending on the antimicrobial compound being evaluated. Degree of calcium crosslinking, pH of pectin slurry and method of calcium crosslinking were identified as the key variables controlling release of nisin from pectin films. Electrostatic attraction between pectin and nisin at pH above pKa of pectin was not sufficiently strong to prevent the release of nisin. Release studies with dye-containing pectin films demonstrated that variable release rates could be obtained by altering the degree of calcium crosslinking.
Production of monoclonal antibodies in culture. (1985)

Factors that affected the production of monoclonal antibodies by a mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line, propagated in vitro in stirred vessels, were investigated. The purpose of the research was to estimate the efficiency of this system for large scale production of monoclonal antibodies. The antibody produced by these hybridoma cells was an IgG2a, specific for a surface antigen on Rhizobium japonicum NR-7 cells. Antibody content in the culture supernatant was determined by a radial-immunodiffusion assay using rabbit anti-mouse IgG antibodies in the immobile phase and mouse IgG (the monoclonal antibody) as the antigen in the mobile phase. This method was found to be more reproducible and reliable compared with an ELISA method. Cells were adapted to grow in an inexpensive, low protein content medium based on Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 0.25% Primatone RL, 0.01% Pluronic polyol F-68 and fetal bovine serum as low as 1%. Doubling time for the cells averaged 24 hrs, and final yields reached 2 X 10(6) cells per ml. The hybridoma cells were grown in the newly developed medium in 3 liter fermentors. Monoclonal antibody was produced during the early growth phase (3 days), however, most of the antibody was produced during a later growth phase (3-10 days) when 30 to 90% of the cells were dead. Final antibody yields were estimated to be 100-200 micrograms/ml. A low level of dissolved oxygen (25% air saturation) in the culture was found to increase the amount of antibody produced as compared with cells propagated at 60% air saturation (the optimal level for cell propagation) since the cells were kept alive for longer periods at the lower dissolved oxygen concentration. Using a fed-batch propagation method we were able to keep cells alive for long periods (up to 1 month) at a concentration of about 1 X 10(6) cells per ml, and thus to increase further monoclonal antibody production. Yields of 300-400 micrograms/ml were obtained.
The Synthesis of Fluorescent DNA Intercalator Precursors through Efficient Multiple Heck Reactions (2011)

A highly efficient synthesis of p-carboethoxy-tristyryl and carboethoxy-terastyrenyl benzene derivatives through a multiple Heck cross coupling reaction is reported. This reaction provides an efficient route to DNA intercalator precursors containing a benzene core.
Introduction (1960)

The aircraft and building construction industries are making widespread use of the structural sandwich panel, made possible through simultaneous developments in the structural adhesive and the light-weight core material fields. Considerable savings in weight, assembly time, and costs have been realized, with the added advantages of improved appearance and smoothness. From the inception of the ASTM Committee C-19 on Structural Sandwich Constructions in 1948, the main emphasis has been on development of standard test procedures so that sandwich material properties could be determined in a manner that would have the same meaning to everyone using the data. This has also been reflected in the two symposia sponsored by Committee C-19 in 1951 and 1956, the subject matter being—in the main —material properties, test methods, and design criteria. Although the emphasis in the beginning was on material properties and test methods, the problem of durability under environmental conditions was recognized early and resulted in the organization of subcommittee III on Permanence, Durability, and Simulated Service. In 1955 a series of exposure programs for sandwich panels was initiated at two ASTM exposure sites, Kure Beach, N. C., and State College, Pa. It was the completion of the first of these 3-yr programs that prompted the concept of this Symposium on Durability and Weathering of Structural Sandwich Constructions.
A Viscoelastic Constitutive Model for Determining In-Situ Stress Magnitudes From Anelastic Strain Recovery of Core (1989)

Summary A three-dimensional viscoelastic model is developed to describe the anelastic-strain-recovery (ASR) process. Measured ASR data are curve-fit to the model by a least-squares algorithm, and viscoelastic material properties are calculated. The stress state at depth can then be determined given some additional information. Examples and comparisons with measured stresses are given.
A Standard Pressure Source for Calibrating Physiological Pressure Transducers (1986)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: pressuremeasurementcalibration
Orthorectification of remote sensing image based on rational function model (2017)

This paper introduces four kinds of orthorectification algorithms, such as polynomial correction method, collinear equation correction method, neural network correction method and rational function model correction method. On the basis of introducing the principle of the above methods, the advantages and disadvantages of different orthorectification methods are summarized. Finally, the multispectral and full-color image data of the GF-1 satellite are processed by using the rational function model correction method. The results show that orthorectification can eliminate the distortion caused by various factors in the process of remote sensing image, and can make full use of the data resources obtained by satellite to provide information service for land resources management.
A Service-Oriented Mobile Social Networking Platform for Disaster Situations (2013)

This paper proposes a novel service-oriented mobile social networking platform called MS2A for disaster situations. MS2A consists of two layers: service layer and application layer. The service layer is implemented based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA) to ease application developments. By extending and composing the web services at this layer, application developers can efficiently and flexibly develop different new functions or applications for mobile disaster rescue and recovery applications. The application layer is oriented to mobile users and it integrates with functions of mobile social networks. With dynamic and automatic service collaboration support, it enables people to easily collaborate and help each other through their mobile devices in disaster situations. The results of our experiments and demonstration examples given in the paper show the feasibility and desired functionality of MS2A for relieving disaster situations with mobile devices.