gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. IV. Comparison of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene by measurement of electron temperature and density of positive ions (1982)

Abstract The double probe method was applied to plasma of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and ethylene and the electron temperature ( T e ) and density of positive ions ( n p ) were measured at various discharge wattages. The probe current‐probe voltage diagrams for TFE were different from those for ethylene. The shape of its diagram indicates that a considerable number of negative ions exist in TFE plasma. The levels of n p for TFE were also nearly six times greater than those for ethylene at the same discharge current. The dependence of TFE polymer deposition and the chemical structure of the polymer, based on ESCA data on discharge current, was related to T e and n p measured by the probe method. The values of T e and n p may not be directly related to the polymer formation in a plasma; the method provides a direct measure of plasma energy density where plasma polymerization takes place, whereas it cannot be accurately estimated by the input energy of a discharge. It was found that plasma energy density based on ( n p T e ) for TFE plasma and that for ethylene differ significantly at the same level of input parameter (W/FM) , where W is the discharge wattage, F is the volume flow rate, and M is the molecular weight of the monomer.
Spectrum Reservation Contract Design in TV White Space Networks (2015)

In this paper, we study a broker-based TV white space market, where unlicensed white space devices (WSDs) purchase white space spectrum from TV licensees via a third-party geo-location database (DB), which serves as a spectrum broker, reserving spectrum from TV licensees and then reselling the reserved spectrum to WSDs. We propose a contract-theoretic framework for the database's spectrum reservation under demand stochasticity and information asymmetry. In such a framework, the database offers a set of contract items in the form of reservation amount and the corresponding payment, and each WSD chooses the best contract item based on its private information. We systematically study the optimal reservation contract design (that maximizes the database's expected profit) under two different risk-bearing schemes: DB-bearing-risk and WSD-bearing-risk, depending on who (the database or the WSDs) will bear the risk of over reservation. Counter-intuitively, we show that the optimal contract under DB-bearing-risk leads to a higher profit for the database and a higher total network profit. Our numerical results show that the proposed optimal spectrum reservation contract improves the total network profit up to 5%, compared with the scheme without information sharing.
Ultrathin Al2O3 Coating on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material for Enhanced Cycleability at Extended Voltage Ranges (2019)

Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 oxide has been modified by ultrathin Al2O3 coatings via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at a growth rate of 1.12 Å/cycle. All characterizations results including TEM, SEM, XRD and XPS together confirm high conformality and uniformity of the resultant Al2O3 layer on the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 particles. Coating thickness of the Al2O3 layer is optimized at ~2 nm, corresponding to 20 ALD cycles to enhance the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials at extended voltage ranges. As a result, 20 Al2O3 ALD-coated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 212.8 mAh/g, and an associated coulombic efficiency of 84.0% at 0.1 C in a broad voltage range of 2.7–4.6 V vs. Li+/Li in the first cycle, which were both higher than 198.2 mAh/g and 76.1% of the pristine LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 without the Al2O3 protection. Comparative differential capacity (dQ/dV) profiles and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) recorded in the first and 100th cycles indicated significant Al2O3 ALD coating effects on suppressing phase transitions and electrochemical polarity of the Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 core during reversible lithiation/delithiation. This work offers oxide-based surface modifications with precise thickness control at an atomic level for enhanced electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials at extended voltage ranges.
Effect of Zirconium on the Oxidation Resistance of Chromium Stainless Steels (1977)

The effect of zirconium alloying on the oxidation resistance of 15% to 18% chromium steels has been investigated by means of isothermal heating at the temperatures up to 1000°C. Alloying of zirconium the amount of which exceeds its stoichiometric equivalent to the total amount of carbon and nitrogen in steels is found to improve the oxidation resistance of chromium steels. Electron probe microanalysis of the scales formed on the zirconium containing steels can detect no zirconium in the scales and shows prominent chromium enrichment in the inner scales. Extraction analysis of precipitates in the steels after heating up to 1 100°C reveals the zirconium carbonitrides to be stable up to 1000°C. The stable precipitates prevent the steels from grain growth when heated up to 1000°C. The beneficial effect of zirconium on the oxidation resistance of chromium steels is considered to be attribute to stable zirconium carbonitride precipitates which prevent the steels from release of carbon and grain growth in the course of oxidation at temperatures up to 1000°C.
Quantitative Field Testing Heterodera glycines from Metagenomic DNA Samples Isolated Directly from Soil under Agronomic Production (2014)

A quantitative PCR procedure targeting the Heterodera glycines ortholog of the Caenorhabditis elegans uncoordinated-78 gene was developed. The procedure estimated the quantity of H. glycines from metagenomic DNA samples isolated directly from field soil under agronomic production. The estimation of H. glycines quantity was determined in soil samples having other soil dwelling plant parasitic nematodes including Hoplolaimus, predatory nematodes including Mononchus, free-living nematodes and biomass. The methodology provides a framework for molecular diagnostics of nematodes from metagenomic DNA isolated directly from field soil.
Intrusion detection in real-time in a multi-node, multi-host environment (1997)

While there exist many tools and methods used to recognize intrusions into single system environments, there are few that can recognize and handle attacks in real time. This group is further reduced when adding the complexity of recognizing and handling intrusions occurring in a heterogeneous networked environments. The results of the thesis are an open architecture design for a real-time intrusion detection system to handle intrusions in a heterogeneous network and the system requirements, specifications, protocols and software module design to support an implementation of a system using this architecture. The architecture presented herein comprises a distributed system of autonomous agents that reside on the various hosts in a network. These agents communicate with each other in a coordinated effort to identify and respond to intrusions into the network by sending messages to each other detailing the identity and threat level of a potential or imminent attack. To quantify the threat level of an ongoing attack, this thesis also presents an alert level hierarchy based on the danger level and transferability of the threat to the various hosts within the network
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Y3Al5O12‐Based Phosphor Powders. (1987)

Abstract Ce‐doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 garnet powders have been prepared by freeze drying of a homogenously mixed aqueous solution of (NH 4 ) 2 Ce(NO 3 ) 6 , Y 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , as well as by mechanically mixing the constituent oxide powders.
Geology of a zone of metamorphic core complexes in southeastern Arizona (1980)

An elongate northwest-trending zone of batholith-size metamorphic core complexes extends some 130 km from the Rincon Mountains to the Picacho Mountains in southeastern Arizona. The complexes are characterized by undeformed to gneissic granitic intrusions, gneissic to phyllonitic xenoliths and wall rocks derived mainly from Precambrian granitic rock, shallow-dipping foliation, and remarkably uniform directions of lineation. Parts of this zone have been recognized and studied extensively for more than 30 yr, but there remains a divergence of opinion about the age, depth of emplacement, and origin of the complexes. Field relations indicate that host rocks as young as or younger than Mesozoic were involved in cataclasis. K-Ar and fission-track ages indicate that the complexes were at temperatures uniformly in excess of400 °C in the middle Tertiary (20 to 30 m.y. ago) and that the bedrock between and very near the complexes was not thermally affected. Tertiary plutons characteristically associated with the high-grade metamorphic rocks are also cataclastically deformed, and stratigraphic depths to the top of metamorphic terranes were no more than 6 km and possibly less than 3 km. These and other data suggest to some that the complexes developed during intrusion of composite batholiths at shallow depth in an anisotropic stress field during the middle Tertiary. On the other hand, Rb-Sr and U-Th-Pb techniques yielded older ages (≥44 m.y.) for some samples. These and additional data suggest to others that major development of cataclasis preceded the middle Tertiary and included regional thrusting.
A Case Study of Bias in Bug-Fix Datasets (2010)

Software quality researchers build software quality models by recovering traceability links between bug reports in issue tracking repositories and source code files. However, all too often the data stored in issue tracking repositories is not explicitly tagged or linked to source code. Researchers have to resort to heuristics to tag the data (e.g., to determine if an issue is a bug report or a work item), or to link a piece of code to a particular issue or bug. Recent studies by Bird et al. and by Antoniol et al. suggest that software models based on imperfect datasets with missing links to the code and incorrect tagging of issues, exhibit biases that compromise the validity and generality of the quality models built on top of the datasets. In this study, we verify the effects of such biases for a commercial project that enforces strict development guidelines and rules on the quality of the data in its issue tracking repository. Our results show that even in such a perfect setting, with a near-ideal dataset, biases do exist - leading us to conjecture that biases are more likely a symptom of the underlying software development process instead of being due to the used heuristics.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of nonyl 3-acyldithiocarbazates and related compounds for uncoupling activities (1982)

Various nonyl 3-substituted-dithiocarbazates, methyl and dimethyl derivatives of nonyl 3-benzoyldithiocarbazate, nonyl 2-substituted-dithiocarbamates, and benzaldehyde nonyldithiocarbohydrazone were synthesized and their uncoupling activities of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria were examined. The results indicate that the presence of the thiocarbamoyl structure with the potential SH group is a requisite for uncoupling activity. The presence of a C=O group and a hydrophobic aromatic ring significantly increases the uncoupling activity.
The CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor constitutes an alternative activation pathway for a subset of CD8+ T cells (2005)

The CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor (KLR) specific for HLA-E is coupled to the KARAP/DAP12 adapter in a subset of NK cells, triggering their effector functions. We have studied the distribution and function of this KLR in T lymphocytes. Like other NK cell receptors (NKR), CD94/NKG2C was predominantly expressed by a CD8(+) T cell subset, though TCRgammadelta(+) NKG2C(+) and rare CD4(+) NKG2C(+) cells were also detected in some individuals. Coculture with the 721.221 HLA class I-deficient lymphoma cell line transfected with HLA-E (.221-AEH) induced IL-2Ralpha expression in CD94/NKG2C+ NK cells and a minor subset of CD94/NKG2C(+) T cells, promoting their proliferation; moreover, a similar response was triggered upon selective engagement of CD94/NKG2C with a specific mAb. CD8(+) TCRalphabeta CD94/NKG2C(+) T cell clones, that displayed different combinations of KIR and CD85j receptors, expressed KARAP/DAP12 which was co-precipitated by an anti-CD94 mAb. Specific engagement of the KLR triggered cytotoxicity and cytokine production in CD94/NKG2C(+) T cell clones, inducing as well IL-2Ralpha expression and a proliferative response. Altogether these results support that CD94/NKG2C may constitute an alternative T cell activation pathway capable of driving the expansion and triggering the effector functions of a CTL subset.
4′,5′‐SUBSTITUTED METHYLANGELICINS: PHOTOCYCLOADDUCTS WITH PYRIMIDINE BASES OF DNA (1994)

The isolation and characterization of photocycloadducts with pyrimidine bases from DNA samples irradiated (365 nm) in the presence of four 4',5'-substituted methylangelicins was performed. All these furocoumarins yielded mainly the cis-syn furan-side cycloadduct with thymine. For 4',5'-dimethyl-, 5,4',5'-trimethyl- and 6,4',5'-trimethylangelicin this adduct was accompanied by two pyrone-side adducts (cis-syn and cis-anti), whereas the 4,4',5'-trimethyl derivative gave the furan-side adduct with cytosine. The characterization of the regio- and stereochemistry of the adducts was accomplished by 1H NOE (nuclear Overhauser effect) and 1H-13C HMBC (heteronuclear multiple-bond connectivity) spectroscopies. The formation of different cycloadducts in DNA by the various derivatives highlights the role of the methyl groups in determining the regio- and stereochemistry of the cycloaddition.
3D Video Compression Based on Extended Block Matching Algorithm (2006)

Three dimensional (3D) video is attracting a lot of attention as a new multimedia representation method. 3D video is a sequence of 3D models (frames) that consist of varying vertices and connectivity. In conventional 2D video compression algorithms, motion compensation (MC) using block matching algorithm is frequently employed to reduce redundancy between consecutive frames. However, there is no such technology for 3D video so far. Therefore, in this paper, we have developed an extended block matching algorithm (EMBA) to reduce temporal redundancy of geometry information of 3D video by extending the idea of 2D block matching to 3D space. In our EBMA, a cubic block is used as a matching unit and, MC is achieved efficiently by matching the mean normal vectors of the sub-blocks, which turned out to be sub-optimal by our experiments. The residual information is further transformed by discrete cosine transform (DCT) and then encoded. The extracted motion vectors are also entropy encoded. As a result of our experiments, compression ratio ranging from 10% to 18% of the original 3D video data has been achieved.
Optimization of Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography Using an Automated Bolus-Detection Algorithm (MR SmartPrep)y (1998)

Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a quick method for performing noninvasive diagnostic angiography. A major technical obstacle to the successful implementation of this technique, however, is the proper coordination of the data acquisition with the contrast bolus. In this article, the use of an automated bolus-detection algorithm (MR SmartPrep), which triggers the initiation of data acquisition for Gd-enhanced 3D MRA is reviewed. Potential applications of this evolving technique are illustrated.
Interbed Multiple Attenuation in Kuwait - A Minagish Case Study Revisited (2014)

Summary This work shows a revisited multiple attenuation workflow applied over a selection of the Minagish dataset. Essential components of this workflow are extended interbed multiple prediction (XIMP), simultaneous matching between the field dataset and predicted multiple models, and improved quantitative well-constrained quality control (QC) of the final results. The XIMP and the adaptive subtraction framework allow the application of the multiple attenuation workflow before imaging, avoiding the crosstalk between primaries and internal multiples during the migration process. Noticeable improvements can be seen over the Cretaceous and Jurassic zones on pre-stack gathers, seismic stacked sections, and well ties.
Differential effect of p53 on the promoters of mouse DNA polymerase β gene and proliferating‐cell‐nuclear‐antigen gene (1994)

A plasmid carrying the 5' flanking region of the mouse proliferating-cell-nuclear-antigen (PCNA) gene or DNA polymerase beta gene was fused with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, then cotransfected into mouse N18TG2 cells with the expression plasmid for the p53 gene. Expression of the wild-type p53 repressed the CAT expression directed by the PCNA gene promoter, while it had little effect on the DNA polymerase beta gene promoter. RNase protection analysis revealed that the repression of the PCNA gene promoter by p53 was at the transcription step. Analysis with various deletion mutants in the PCNA gene promoter revealed that a specific sequence is not required for the repression, suggesting that p53 represses the PCNA gene promoter by interacting with some components of the basic transcription machinery. By analysis with various deletion mutants in the DNA polymerase beta gene promoter, we identified the unique 10-bp palindromic sequence (-24 to -15), in the presence of which p53 was not able to repress the promoter activity. This sequence conferred resistance to p53 repression onto the PCNA gene promoter, when it was placed 21-bp upstream from the transcription-initiation site.
MMSpace: Kinetically-augmented telepresence for small group-to-group conversations (2016)

A novel research prototype, called MMSpace, was developed for realistic social telepresence in small group-to-group conversations. MMSpace consists of kinetic display avatars, which can change pose and position by automatically mirroring the remote user's head motions. To fully explore its potential beyond previous alternatives, MMSpace has the following novel features. First, it targets symmetric group-to-group telepresence. Second, the kinetic avatars of MMSpace can produce highly accurate, low latency, and silent physical motions, by using 4-Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) direct-drive actuators, and they can express a wide range of natural human behaviors like head gestures and changing attitudes, as well as indicating the focus of attention. Third, MMSpace supports eye contact between every pair of participants, by integrating i) directional visual attention cues indicated by avatar's kinetic pose change, ii) line-of-sight alignment among the positions of persons, avatars and cameras, and iii) attention-based camera switching, which allows an avatar to always show its owner's face looking directly toward the person that the avatar's owner is looking at. The prototype targets the 2 × 2 setting, and subjective evaluations based on group discussions indicate that the kinetic display avatar is superior to static displays in various aspects including gaze-awareness, eye-contact, perception of other nonverbal behaviors, mutual understanding, and sense of telepresence.
An Automatic System for Unconstrained Video-Based Face Recognition (2018)

Although deep learning approaches have achieved performance surpassing humans for still image-based face recognition, unconstrained video-based face recognition is still a challenging task due to large volume of data to be processed and intra/inter-video variations on pose, illumination, occlusion, scene, blur, video quality, etc. In this work, we consider challenging scenarios for unconstrained video-based face recognition from multiple-shot videos and surveillance videos with low-quality frames. To handle these problems, we propose a robust and efficient system for unconstrained video-based face recognition, which is composed of modules for face/fiducial detection, face association, and face recognition. First, we use multi-scale single-shot face detectors to efficiently localize faces in videos. The detected faces are then grouped respectively through carefully designed face association methods, especially for multi-shot videos. Finally, the faces are recognized by the proposed face matcher based on an unsupervised subspace learning approach and a subspace-to-subspace similarity metric. Extensive experiments on challenging video datasets, such as Multiple Biometric Grand Challenge (MBGC), Face and Ocular Challenge Series (FOCS), IARPA Janus Surveillance Video Benchmark (IJB-S) for low-quality surveillance videos and IARPA JANUS Benchmark B (IJB-B) for multiple-shot videos, demonstrate that the proposed system can accurately detect and associate faces from unconstrained videos and effectively learn robust and discriminative features for recognition.
miR-214-5p Targets ROCK1 and Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion of Human Osteosarcoma Cells (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved RNAs regulating specific target genes in posttranscriptional levels. They have been involved in multiple processes of tumor progression, including cell proliferation. miR-214-5p (also miR-214*) is a newly identified miRNA, and its functions are largely unknown. In this study, we explore the role of miR-214-5p in the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma (OS) cells. The results showed that miR-214-5p was sharply reduced in OS tissues and cell lines, compared with normal tissues and cell lines. In addition, the miR-214-5p mimic greatly increased the miR-214-5p level and significantly decreased the proliferation and invasion of HOS and G293 OS cells. In contrast, the miR-214-5p inhibitor had a completely opposite effect on the miR-214-5p level, cell proliferation, and cell invasion. Moreover, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-1908 targeted the mRNA 3'-UTR region of ROCK1, a characterized tumor promoter in OS. In conclusion, miR-214-5p was identified as a new tumor suppressor, which directly targeted ROCK1 and suppressed proliferation of human OS cells.
Highly Efficient, Solution-Processed CsPbI<sub>2</sub>Br Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells via Flash Annealing (2018)

Highly efficient CsPbI2Br planar heterojunction (PHJ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a structure of ITO/SnO2/CsPbI2Br/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag are fabricated via a low-temperature solution process. A flash annealing technique is used to produce high-quality CsPbI2Br perovskite films with high density and uniformity, as well as highly crystallized CsPbI2Br films. These CsPbI2Br films are used as the light-harvesting layer in PHJ PSC devices using SnO2 as the electron transport layer and Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer. Based on the measurement of the energy levels via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, it indicates that there is a very good interfacial band alignment between SnO2 and CsPbI2Br, supporting the efficient electron extraction from CsPbI2Br to SnO2. Thus, simple structural CsPbI2Br PHJ PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 13.09% are achieved, which is comparable to the highest reported PCEs for all-inorganic PHJ PSCs. The findings show that the PHJ device architecture, instead of a mesoporous structure, can be used to fabricate highly efficient inorganic PSCs with a simple structure, offering the advantages of matching well the low-cost, high-throughout roll-to-roll printing process.
The Irish herbal tradition (2003)

The author overviews Irish traditional medicine especially the use of herbal medicines. (non-author abstract)
Composition, properties, and application of products formed in oxidation of polyethylene by nitric acid (2010)

Structure of products formed in polyethylene oxidation by nitric acid was studied by NMR, IR, and electronic absorption spectroscopies and derivatography.