gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glyceryl monostearate as a glidant in aqueous film-coating formulations (1995)

Aqueous spraying suspensions with poly(meth)acrylate dispersions need the addition of glidants in order to reduce the sticking of cores during the coating process. Glycerol monostearates (GMS) turned out to be an excellent alternative to talc or magnesium stearate. Placebo tablets, theophylline granules and pellets as well as acetylsalicylic acid and potassium chloride crystals were used to demonstrate the drug-release properties of GMS and its effects on the coatings. Controlled drug release was achieved by application of Eudragit® L 30 D-55, NE 30 D, RL 30 D and RS 30 D. Because of the high efficacy of GMS, only low amounts of 2 to 15% (based on dry polymer) are necessary. The glidant must be dispersed in water separately to produce a suspension with 2% solids. An expected, heating above the melting point of GMS (65 °C) facilitated the process and reduced the particle size of the dispersed phase. This step improved the gloss of the coatings. Superior properties were found with GMS types containing 40-50% monoglycerides (mono-and di-glycerides, NF or glycerol monostearate, DAB 10). As GMS stabilizes suspensions, the sedimentation of pigments was reduced. Being added in low quantities, the tenside formed more flexible films than conventional talc formulations do. Adjustments of the spraying process remained in agreement with usual Eudragit® technology. However, coating times were reduced because of higher polymer content in the spraying fluids. GMS did not effect physico-chemical properties such as permeability and solubility of the coatings. Thus, usual amounts of polymer were needed for controlled drug release. Sticking of coated particles could be prevented by applying 0.1 to 0.3% of GMS from an aqueous suspension with 2% solids. Storage stability of the formulations was proved over 2 years even under accelerated conditions. Disintegration properties of tablets and dissolution rate of the active ingredients varied within the analytical error of the methods. Thus GMS turned out to be an alternative to talc in coating suspensions, being more effective, less toxic and bearing less potential for incompatibilities.
Motion-preserving ranked-order filters for image sequence processing (2003)

A class of ranked-order-based filters for the noise suppression of time-varying imagery is introduced. These temporal filters efficiently preserve image structures under motion without motion compensation preprocessing. It is shown that spatio-temporal multistage median filters (MMFs) allow for a significant improvement over both spatial MMFs and temporal median filters in image resolution and noise suppression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LIVER CANCER (2001)

The prognosis of patients with HCC remains dismal. Even in the subgroups of patients who have the most favorable characteristics and are eligible for surgical resection, the 5-year survival rate is less than 25%. For patients with more advanced disease, the median survival time is less than 1 year. The good news in HCC research is that the disease can be prevented. In Taiwan, the rate of HCC in children aged 6 to 9 years decreased from 5.2 per million population before the neonatal vaccination program began in 1984 to 1.3 per million population in the first vaccinated cohort. Treatment of viral hepatitis with IFN may decrease the rates of long-term development of HCC. Other agents that may prevent second primary tumors following resection of HCC, such as polyprenoic acid and acylic retinoid, are also being investigated.
Identification of Rhizoctonia Species (1991)

Identification of Rhizoctonia species , Identification of Rhizoctonia species , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Aspartic Peptidase Inhibitors:  3-Alkoxy-4-Aryl Piperidines (2001)

[reaction: see text]. The 3-alkoxy-4-aryl piperidines are non-peptide peptidomimetic inhibitors of several aspartic peptidases. The solid-phase functionalization of 3,4-disubstituted piperidine scaffolds using a traceless linker strategy is described. Synthesis of diverse analogues based on this scaffold provides the potential to generate selective inhibitors of this important class of peptidase.
Three processing characteristics of visual texture segmentation (1985)

Three mechanisms are outlined which are sufficient to determine texture segmentation or discrimination. They are: (1) convolution of detector profiles with the input image; (2) impletion, where the perceptual 'filling in' of the input surface occurs via a nonlinear filtering operation on each detector's output (3) grouping, where areas are segregated according to their differences in detector responses after impletion occurs. These mechanisms are compared with those proposed to occur in human visual texture discrimination.
Connection between microscopic and macroscopic maser theory (1987)

We show that the steady-state photon-number distribution of the microscopic maser can be recovered using the standard macroscopic quantum laser theory. We introduce an appropriate limit of weak pump and weak photon damping to make the connection between the microscopic and the macroscopic quantum theory of laser operation. Simple analytic formulas describe the main features of the stationary photon-number distribution in the microscopic maser.
Using evidential occupancy grid for vehicle trajectory planning under uncertainty with tentacles (2017)

The uncertainty in environment perception is one of the challenges that we face in trajectory planning. For autonomous vehicle to be efficient, they need to be able to deal with this kind of uncertainty. In this work, we combine two existing frameworks: the Belief Functions to build evidential occupancy grid and clothoid tentacles for trajectory planning. First, we use evidential grids to represent the environment and the uncertainties which arise from ignorance and errors during the perception process. Secondly, we generate a set of clothoid tentacles in the egocentered reference frame related to the ego-vehicle, those tentacles represent possible local trajectories. Thirdly, we modify the evidential grid in order to take into consideration some traffic rules such as safety distance between vehicles. Then to choose the best tentacle to execute, we use reward system of a Markov Decision Process-like model to evaluate generated tentacles regarding several criteria including uncertainty represented by the evidential grid. Real and simulated data were used to validate the planning algorithm with evidential grids.
Combining wavelets and linear spectral mixture model for MODIS satellite sensor time-series analysis (2008)

This work presents a methodology that uses digital fraction images derived from Linear Spectral Mixture Model and wavelets transform from MODIS satellite sensor time-series for land cover change analysis. Our approach uses MODIS surface reflectance images acquired from 2000 to 2006 time period. For this study, a test site was selected in the Mato Grosso State, Brazilian Amazonia. This site has shown high deforestation rates in the last years. The samples of land cover classes were collected during four field campaigns (2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006) to be used as ground truth. The linear spectral mixture model was applied to the MODIS surface reflectance images of red surface reflectance band (620-670 nm bandwidth), near infrared surface reflectance band (NIR, 841-876 nm bandwidth) and medium infrared surface reflectance band (MIR, 2105-2155 nm bandwidth). This model generated the vegetation, shade, and soil fraction images. In the next step, the Meyer orthogonal Discrete Wavelets Transform was used for filtering the time-series of MODIS fraction images. The filtered signal was reconstructed excluding high frequencies for each pixel in the fraction images (soil, vegetation, and shade) of the time-series. This computational procedure allows to observe the original signal without clouds and other noises. The results show that wavelets transform can provide a gain in multitemporal analysis and visualization on inter-annual fraction images variability patterns.
Mid‐infrared <i>in vivo</i> depth‐profiling of topical chemicals on skin (2004)

This work shows the feasibility of the TED-FTIR technique to detect the presence of chemicals on human SC in vivo and without contact, and for a wide range of other applications, such as detection of toxic chemicals used as warfare (vesicant agents like sulphur mustard and organophosphate nerve agents), pesticides, and other toxins on fruit and vegetable skins, water, or even other contaminated surfaces.
Inverse Raman Spectra: Induced Absorption at Optical Frequencies (1964)

Received 15 October 1964DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.657©1964 American Physical Society
Multiple functions of cation-chloride cotransporters in the fish retina (2007)

A GABA- or glycine-induced increase in Cl(-) permeability can produce either a depolarization or hyperpolarization, depending on the Cl(-) equilibrium potential. It has been shown that retinal neurons express the chloride cotransporters, Na-K-2Cl (NKCC) and K-Cl (KCC), the primary molecular mechanisms that control the intracellular Cl(-) concentration. We thus studied (1) the localization of these cotransporters in the fish retina, and (2) how suppression of cotransporter activity in the fish retina affects function. Specific antibodies against NKCC and KCC2 revealed that both cotransporters were expressed in the outer and inner plexiform layers, and colocalized in many putative amacrine cells and in cells of the ganglion cell layer. However, the somata of putative horizontal cells displayed only NKCC immunoreactivity and many bipolar cells were only immunopositive for KCC2. In the outer retina, application of bumetanide, a specific inhibitor of NKCC activity, (1) increased the steady-state extracellular concentration of K+ ([K+](o)) and enhanced the light-induced decrease in the [K+](o), (2) increased the sPIII photoreceptor-dependent component of the ERG, and (3) reduced the extracellular space volume. In contrast, in the outer retina, application of furosemide, a specific inhibitor of KCC activity, decreased sPIII and the light-induced reduction in [K+](o), but had little effect on steady-state [K+](o). In the inner retina, bumetanide increased the sustained component of the light-induced increase in [K+](o). These findings thus indicate that NKCC and KCC2 control the [K+](o) and extracellular space volume in the retina in addition to regulating GABA- and glycine-mediated synaptic transmission. In addition, the anatomical and electrophysiological results together suggest that all of the major neuronal types in the fish retina are influenced by chloride cotransporter activity.
A logical view of types (1980)

People working in the areas of data abstraction, databases, and conceptual modeling have argued at considerable length over the meanings of such terms as “abstraction” and “type.”* Rather than add to this debate by offering yet another set of definitions, in the paragraphs below we shall attempt to show how ordinary predicate calculus can be used to talk about most (perhaps all) the notions for which the terms “abstraction” and “type” are currently being used in various quarters of computer science. We do not intend to argue that predicate calculus is a suitable tool for implementing types, but rather that it provides a well-understood, uniform conceptual framework and notation for describing and precisely comparing various ideas on typing—and that special notations developed for this purpose are therefore unnecessary.
Optimization of the doping levels in doubly doped InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs (1997)

Delta-doped InAlAs/InGaAs-HEMTs were grown by MBE, lattice matched on InP-substrates. The ratio of upper doping to lower doping was varied from 1:0, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1 to 0:1, while total doping concentration was kept constant. By increasing the bottom doping concentration, the drain current is increased and the kink effect reduced. Ultimately the inversely doped transistor shows absolutely no kink and a very low output conductance of 25 mS/mm. These new results offer a better understanding of the kink effect, related to the band structure of the HEMTs and its dependence on doping.
The use of cell-free nucleic acids in maternal plasma for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases, placental insufficiency-related complications and Down syndrome (2011)

Since the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in peripheral blood of pregnant women, cell-free nucleic acids in maternal plasma are explored in relation to non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of various fetal conditions and pregnancy complications. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases represented by TSC1-linked tuberous sclerosis could be achieved by detection of paternally-inherited mutant allele in the pool of maternal alleles in plasma. Reliability of detection of mutant allele could be improved by simultaneous mutation haplotype analysis or detection of universal fetal marker. None of the 3 methods (allele- specific real-time PCR, SNaPshot minisequencing and quantitative fluorescent PCR) evaluated using artificial mixtures and maternal plasma samples reliably and accurately detected low-frequency allele distinguished by point mutation, SNP or microsatellite in TSC1 gene or in its close proximity. We developed a strategy for prediction of proportion of informative couples for panel of SNPs of interest that can be applied to any monogenic disease. Exploiting differential methylation of promoters of genes RASSF1A, HLCS and OLIG2 in maternal and fetal genome, we failed to establish functional fetal marker. MicroRNAs of placental origin released into plasma could serve as biomarkers of...
Linear and cyclic Tyr(6)- and Trp(6)-kallidin (Lys-bradykinin) analogues (1996)

Syntheses are described of two kallidin (Lys-bradykinin) analogues in which the phenylalanine residue in position 6 is replaced by either tyrosine or tryptophan. The linear kinins and the two decapeptides containing all residues constituting the Tyr(6)- and the Trp(6)-kallidin were prepared by the solid-phase procedure based on Fmoc chemistry. Cyclization was carried out by both the diphenylphosphorazide and the TBTU-HOBt procedure. Peptides were characterized by amino acid analysis, optical rotation, analytical HPLC and mass spectrometry. Consistently with previous findings, preliminary pharmacological experiments on rat duodenum preparations showed that cyclic analogues were significantly less potent than the linear ones.
Oxidation reactions in the synthesis of fine and intermediate chemicals using environmentally benign oxidants and the right reactor system (2000)

Abstract This review outlines several approaches for designing new and environmentally friendly heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation processes for the synthesis of fine and intermediate chemicals. Environmentally benign oxidants such as molecular oxygen, hydrogen peroxide or nitrous oxide can be activated on suitable heterogeneous catalysts showing high activity and selectivity toward the desired oxygenated products. Several examples illustrate that features known from the synthesis of bulk chemicals can successfully be applied for manufacturing intermediate and specialty chemicals applying conventional industrial reactor systems. Direct oxidation of isoprenol, b-picoline, and benzene are chosen as examples for continuous gas-phase processes, oxidation of pinene and propylene as examples for semi-continuous or batchwise processes in the liquid phase.
<scp>C</scp> anada, <scp>I</scp> ndigenous <scp>R</scp> esistance (2009)

Indigenous peoples have reacted to various forms of colonization and imperialism in Canada with accommodation, adaptation, and resistance. Early on, indigenous resistance to the expropriation of land and the tyranny imposed by European settlers was passive and conciliatory, commonly involving alliances and treaties with the empire‐builders themselves. In time, the governments with whom the First Nations held treaties reneged on their promises; indigenous peoples were forced onto reservations and into Indian boarding schools, and poverty, exploitation, and social iniquity plagued the indigenous communities that had managed to survive. Indigenous resistance during the first half of the twentieth century often involved lobbying and other forms of top‐down political engagement with the state. With the ascendance of the civil rights movement in the 1950s, however, indigenous organizers became more militant in their demands for civil and treaty rights, and more recalcitrant in their methods.
Automating traceability link recovery through classification (2017)

Traceability Link Recovery (TLR) is an important software engineering task in which a stakeholder establishes links between related items in two sets of software artifacts. Most existing approaches leverage Information Retrieval (IR) techniques, and formulate the TLR task as a retrieval problem, where pairs of similar artifacts are retrieved and presented to a user. These approaches still require significant human effort, as a stakeholder needs to manually inspect the list of recommendations and decide which ones are true links and which ones are false. In this work, we aim to automate TLR by re-imagining it as a binary classification problem. More specifically, our machine learning classification approach is able to automatically classify each link in the set of all potential links as either valid or invalid, therefore circumventing the substantial human effort required by existing techniques.
Design of Bored Pile Walls for Fill Slope Stabilization in Hong Kong (1999)

Bored pile walls have been designed to upgrade two potentially unstable fill slopes in Hong Kong. Each pile wall consists of a row of 0.45m diameter cast-in-situ bored piles, spaced at 0.9m centres, and a row of staggered 0.45m diameter drainage piles on the downslope. The bored piles are socketed into bedrock for about 3m, while the drainage piles have a length of about 5m. All piles are restrained by a row of soil nails installed at 30 to the horizontal and socketed into bedrock for about 3m. This paper describes the procedures employed for the analysis and design of these piles.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some Thiazole Derivatives (2013)

A series of some thiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structure of newly synthesized compounds was characterized by HRMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against ten species of fungi in vitro by agar cup plate and micro-titration methods, respectively. The results of antifungal screening reveal that among all the compounds screened three compounds showed moderate antifungal activity. The MIC value of 3 h against two fungal strains C. neoformans and C. albicas is 8 μg mL-1 respectively. The MIC value of 3i against two fungal strains C. neoformans and T. mentagrophytes is 8 μg mL-1 and 16 μg mL-1, respectively and 3a against T. mentagrophytes is 16 μg mL-1, the MIC of others are all beyond 32 μg mL-1.
BODIPY®‐conjugated neuropeptide Y ligands: new fluorescent tools to tag Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor subtypes (2005)

N-terminal labelled fluorescent BODIPY-NPY peptide analogues were tested in Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor-binding assays performed in rat brain membrane preparations and HEK293 cells expressing the rat Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptors. BODIPY TMR/FL-[Leu31, Pro34]NPY/PYY were able to compete for specific [125][Leu31, Pro34]PYY-binding sites with an affinity similar to that observed for the native peptide at the Y1 (Ki=1-6 nM), Y2 (Ki>1000 nM), Y4 (Ki=10 nM) and Y5 (Ki=1-4 nM) receptor subtypes. BODIPY FL-PYY(3-36) was able to compete for specific Y2 (Ki=10 nM) and Y5 (Ki=30 nM) binding sites, but had almost no affinity in Y1 and Y4 assays. BODIPY FL-hPP was able to compete with high affinity (Ki; 1 and 15 nM) only in Y4 and Y5 receptor-binding assays. BODIPY TMR-[cPP(1-7), NPY(19-23), Ala31, Aib32, Gln34]hPP and BODIPY TMR-[hPP(1-17), Ala31, Aib32]NPY were potent competitors only on specific Y5-binding sites (Ki=0.1-0.6 nM). As expected, these fluorescent peptides inhibited forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation, demonstrating that they retained their agonist properties. When tested in confocal microscopy imaging, fluorescent Y1 and Y5 agonists internalized in a time-dependent manner in Y1 and Y5 transfected cells, respectively. These results demonstrate that BODIPY-conjugated NPY analogues retain their selectivity, affinity and agonist properties for the Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor subtypes, respectively. Thus, they represent novel tools to study and visualize NPY receptors in living cells.
Epitaxial Crystallization of Seeded Albite Glass (1991)

Glasses that are extremely difficult to crystallize are generally avoided in making glass‐ceramics. It is now possible to crystallize such glasses epitaxially using isostructural seeds. The role of solid‐state epitaxy in the crystallization of such albite (NaAlSi 3 O 8 ) glass to glass‐ceramic was investigated. The glass was seeded with extremely fine ZrO 2 (nonisostructural) and albite (isostructural) seed crystals. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the albite‐seeded glass, heat‐treated at 1000°C for 100 h, epitaxially crystallized to albite, while the ZrO 2 and unseeded glasses did not crystallize in identical heat‐treatment conditions. In addition, the albite‐seeded glass, heat‐treated at 905°C for 10 d, crystallized mostly to albite, whereas the ZrO 2 and unseeded glasses at the same conditions contained only a small amount (<5 wt%) of nepheline (NaAlSiO 4 ). The microstructure of the epitaxially grown glass‐ceramics showed that extremely fine crystals (∼0.2 μm thickness) were formed around the seed.
Sigmoid‐colonic motility in health and irritable bowel syndrome: a role for 5‐hydroxytryptamine (2007)

Abstract Evidence suggests that sigmoid-colonic motility is increased in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) plays a role in the control of motility, but its involvement in the dysmotility seen in IBS remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between platelet depleted plasma 5-HT (PDP 5-HT) concentration and sigmoid-colonic motility in patients with IBS and healthy volunteers. Pre- and postprandial PDP 5-HT concentrations were assessed while recording sigmoid-colonic motility in 35 IBS patients (aged 19-53 years, eight male) and 16 healthy volunteers (aged 18-39 years, six male). Motility was recorded using a five-channel solid-state catheter introduced to a depth of 35 cm into an unprepared bowel. 5-Hydroxytryptamine concentration was measured by reverse-phase HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Irritable bowel syndrome patients had elevated concentrations of PDP 5-HT under fasting (P < 0.004) and fed (P = 0.079) conditions compared with controls. Likewise, they exhibited increased sigmoid-colonic motility under fasting (activity index: P < 0.02) and fed (P < 0.05) conditions compared with controls. Platelet depleted plasma 5-HT concentration positively correlated with colonic activity index under both fasting (r = 0.402; P = 0.003) and fed (r = 0.439; P = 0.001) conditions. These data show a possible relationship between endogenous concentrations of 5-HT and sigmoid-colonic motility recorded in both IBS and healthy subjects.