gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Cycloheptene Oxide with Formic Acid (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Cycloheptene Oxide with Formic AcidArthur C. Cope and Warren N. BaxterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 279–280Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Survey of the total fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition and content of 30 duckweed species and cloning of a Δ6-desaturase responsible for the production of γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids in Lemna gibba (2013)

Total accumulation of FA varies three-fold across the 30 species of Lemnoideae surveyed. Nine species contain GLA and SDA which are synthesized by a Δ6 front-end desaturase, but FA composition is otherwise similar. TAG accumulates up to 0.15% of total dry weight, comparable to levels found in the leaves of terrestrial plants. Polyunsaturated FA is underrepresented in TAG, and the Δ6-FA GLA and SDA are found in the TAG of only five of the nine Lemna species that produce them. When present, GLA is enriched and SDA diminished relative to their abundance in the total FA pool.
Characterizing the anthropometric extremes of the population (1986)

Equipment designers frequently choose 5 percentile female and 95 percentile male dimensions as design limits. However, in the more complex design problems which involve several body dimensions, it is important also to consider the interactions or relationships between body dimensions. These have been investigated using data from an anthropometric survey, which was carried out by MIRA, in order to develop models which represent the extreme body sizes of the male and female population.
Silicon-Modified Carbohydrate Surfactants II: Siloxanyl Moieties Containing Branched Structures (1996)

Branched siloxanyl-modified carbohydrate surfactants have been synthesized by coupling mono-, di- and poly-functional siloxanes to carbohydrate units either via a branched spacer or by attaching a separate modifying element to a straight-chained structure. Hydrophilic as well as extremely hydrophobic elements have been incorporated successfully. Siloxanyl-modified carbohydrates bearing a secondary amino function were alkylated in regioselective reactions by different epoxides ranging from glycidol- to siloxanyl-modified allyl glycidyl ether derivatives. Alternatively, carbohydrate-modified piperazinyl structures yielded cyclic subunits after alkylation. Structures bearing two identical hydrophilic groups are accessible by alkylation of carbohydrate-modified bisamides. The derivatives synthesized were characterized by means of GC, NMR and elemental analysis.
Disabled-children toy catalog (1995)

The National Parent Network on Disabilities and Toys R Us offers a toy catalog for children with disabilities. The third Toys for Differently-Abled Children Guide offers a wider selection of ability-coded toys than previous editions, including more toys for older children and those with more complicated disabilities. For copies of the guide, contact the National Parent Network on Disabilities at (703) 684-6763.
A Vision of the Next Generation Internet: A Policy Oriented Perspective1 (2008)

The host centric design of the current Internet does not recognise data and endusers as integral entities of the system. The first generation of Internet has been very successful and yet business, organizations, governments are finding it difficult to enforce their policies on their networks with the same ease that they do other methods of communications and transport. Ad-Hoc solutions e.g. firewalls, NAT, middleboxes etc, that try to mitigate these issues end up providing localized myopic fixes which often hurt the basic underlying principles of the original design. We envision the future internet to be a dynamic, heterogeneous, secure, energy efficient ubiquitous network flexible enough to support innovations and policy enforcements both at the edge and the core. The first step towards the next generation is the redesign of naming and name binding mechanisms. We, therefore, propose a Policy Oriented Network Architecture (PONA) and an abstract two part protocol stack with a virtualization layer in between. We also introduce the concept of generalized communication end-points – hosts, users, data/services, instantiate the ideas with the Mapping and Negotiation layer and provide an integrated framework for the next generation Internet.
Responsive Fluorescent Nanorods from Coassembly of Fullerene (C<sub>60</sub>) and Anthracene-Ended Hyperbranched Poly(ether amine) (AN-hPEA) (2013)

We herein demonstrated a novel multiresponsive fluorescent nanorod based on C60, which is fabricated through the versatile coassembly of fullerene C60 and anthracene-ended hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (AN-hPEA). The supramolecular nanorods (C60@AN-hPEA) can be further cross-linked through photodimerization of anthracene, and the size of the obtained nanorods is 2–12 μm in length and 50–90 nm in diameter. C60@AN-hPEA nanorods are amphiphilic, responsive, and fluorescent. The fluorescence of C60@AN-hPEA nanorods in aqueous solution is responsive to temperature and pH. The C60@AN-hPEA-1/4 nanorods exhibit the interesting temperature-enhanced fluorescence, while the fluorescence intensity of AN-hPEA without C60 decreases with the increasing temperature. Detailed fluorescence study revealed that the temperature-enhanced fluorescence behavior of C60@AN-hPEA-1/4 nanorods might be ascribed to the static quenching of the excited anthracene by C60.
Sepsis And Multiorgan Failure (1997)

Epidemiology and microbiology molecular and biochemical mechanisms tissue and organ response to sepsis diagnosis and prognosis surgical aspects of sepsis therapeutic approach new frontiers in sepsis.
Exoskeletons and orthoses: classification, design challenges and future directions (2009)

For over a century, technologists and scientists have actively sought the development of exoskeletons and orthoses designed to augment human economy, strength, and endurance. While there are still many challenges associated with exoskeletal and orthotic design that have yet to be perfected, the advances in the field have been truly impressive. In this commentary, I first classify exoskeletons and orthoses into devices that act in series and in parallel to a human limb, providing a few examples within each category. This classification is then followed by a discussion of major design challenges and future research directions critical to the field of exoskeletons and orthoses.
Substitution of aspartic acid for glycine at position 310 in type II collagen produces achondrogenesis II, and substitution of serine at position 805 produces hypochondrogenesis: analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships (1995)

Two different mutations were found in two unrelated probands with lethal chondrodysplasias, one with achondrogenesis type II and the other with the less severe phenotype of hypochondrogenesis. The mutations in the COL2A1 gene were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of genomic DNA followed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing and restriction site analysis. The proband with achondrogenesis type II had a heterozygous single-base mutation that substituted aspartate for glycine at position 310 of the alpha 1(II) chain of type II procollagen. The proband with hypochondrogenesis had a heterozygous single-base mutation that substituted serine for glycine at position 805. Type II collagen extracted from cartilage from the probands demonstrated the presence of type I collagen and a delayed electrophoretic mobility, indicating post-translational overmodifications. Analysis of CNBr peptides showed that, in proband 1, the entire peptides were overmodified. Examination of chondrocytes cultured in agarose or alginate indicated that there was a delayed secretion of type II procollagen. In addition, type II collagen synthesized by cartilage fragments from the probands demonstrated a decreased thermal stability. The melting temperature of the type II collagen containing the aspartate-for-glycine substitution was reduced by 4 degrees C, and that of the collagen containing the serine-for-glycine substitution was reduced by 2 degrees C. Electron microscopy of the extracellular matrix from the chondrocyte cultures showed a decreased density of matrix and the presence of unusually short and thin fibrils. Our results indicate that glycine substitutions in the N-terminal region of the type II collagen molecule can produce more severe phenotypes than mutations in the C-terminal region. The aspartate-for-glycine substitution at position 310, which was associated with defective secretion and a probable increased degradation of collagen, is the most destabilizing mutation yet reported in type II procollagen.
Predicting Network Response Times Using Social Information (2011)

Social networks and discussion boards have become a significant outlet where people communicate and express their opinion freely. Although the social networks themselves are usually well-provisioned, the participating users frequently point to external links to substantiate their discussions. Unfortunately, the sudden heavy traffic load imposed on the external, linked web sites causes them to become unresponsive leading to the "Flash Crowds" effect. In this paper, we quantify the prevalence of flash crowd events for a popular social discussion board (Digg). We measured the response times of 1289 unique popular websites. We were able to verify that 89% of the popular URLs suffered variations in their response times. By analyzing the content and structure of the social discussions, we were able to forecast accurately for 86% of the popular web sites within 5 minutes of their submission and 95% of the sites when more (5 hours) of social content became available. Our work indicates that we can effectively leverage social activity to forecast network events that will be otherwise infeasible to anticipate.
New Time Domain Method for the Detection of Roller Bearing Defects (2008)

The main focus of this paper is given to the detection of different fault types in the inner or outer race of roller bearing. The first group covers faults with an extension beyond the spacing between two rolling elements. In these cases some of the classical methods like envelop techniques could fail. We show that the vibration structure generated by a rough surface differs from a normal state even if the signal energy is eliminated by normalisation of the data. Suitable time domain features are a mathematical description of the shape of selected time domain peaks, which could easily be calculated by the higher derivatives of the time acceleration signal and some parameters characterizing the randomness of the peak positions. After the step of extracting 30 features from the time signal a feature selection process is executed automatically. This enables the selection of a feature subset which is best suited to the present fault situation. As a second group we start investigations for the early detection of very small bearing damages like false brinelling faults, which occur in the presence of a small relative motion between the rollers and raceways during non-rotation times. This leads to a damage which is characterized by elliptical wear marks in the axial direction at each roller position. Some test rig results indicate the high potential of the new time domain features for both fault types.
The role of mast cells in the elicitation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (1989)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease can be transferred with lymphoid cells from actively immunized rats into naive recipients. In the mouse, previous studies have suggested a role for histamine/serotonin in the development of active EAE. We have found that myelin basic protein-reactive cells transfer a biphasic skin test response to naive rats analogous to what has been described in the mouse contact dermatitis system, where mast cell sensitization by Ag-specific T cell factors is required for the induction of skin test responses. Treatment of cell recipients with the serotonin receptor antagonists, cyproheptadine or methysergide, blocked or significantly reduced the development of EAE. Furthermore, it was found that treatment with cyproheptadine was effective in blocking clinical disease when administered day 3 to day 6 after cell transfer. In contrast, cyproheptadine treatments before induction of paralysis day 0 to 3, failed to alter the course of clinical disease. The inhibitor of mast cell degranulation, proxicromil, was also found to effectively block the elicitation of adoptively transferred EAE and was also found to be effective when administered just before the onset of clinical disease. Reserpine, a compound known to deplete mast cells of vasoactive amines by forcing granule contents into the cytoplasm where they are degraded by cell enzymes, was also effective in blocking both active and adoptively transferred EAE. Disease inhibition was found to be partially reversed with pargyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. In addition lymphocytes from treated animals were capable of transferring disease to naive recipients and appeared to have normal activity as assessed by Ag-or mitogen-driven proliferation in addition to IL-2 production.
Pd <sup>II</sup> ‐Catalyzed Monoselective <i>ortho</i> Halogenation of CH Bonds Assisted by Counter Cations: A Complementary Method to Directed <i>ortho</i>  Lithiation (2008)

When the counterion counts: The yield and selectivity of the title transformation of benzoic acid derivatives were improved greatly by using tetraalkyl ammonium salts as additives (see scheme; monoselectivity: 5:1–18:1). These effects are attributed to the influence of counter cations. The halogenated products are versatile intermediates for the construction of substituted aromatic compounds. DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z705613_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Structure Design and Stress Analysis of Hollow Sucker Rod Joints (2012)

Owing to the problem of week strength, tripping and bad sealing of the hollow sucker rod joints, we designs a new sucker rod joint, which has two kinds of prototypes, including tapered shoulder and round shoulder. The hollow sucker rod’s characteristic is easy disassembling, multiple sealing, and also has a large contact area of the shoulder. By using the method of finite-element analysis, we set up the finite-element model and analyze the contact stress and deformation distribution of two kinds of structure in different friction coefficients. Through the analysis, we find not only the bearing capacity of the circular arc shoulder joint, but also the sealing is also better than the tapered shoulder's joint. And for both kinds of joints, the friction coefficient is an important factor to affect the pretightening force.
A true singles list-mode data acquisition system for a small animal PET scanner with independent crystal readout (2005)

We present a unique data acquisition system designed to read out signals from the MADPET-II small animal LSO-APD PET tomograph. The scanner consists of 36 independent detector modules arranged in a dual-radial layer ring (phi 71 mm). Each module contains a 4 x 8 array of optically isolated, 2 x 2 mm LSO crystals, coupled one-to-one to a 32 channel APD. To take full advantage of the detector geometry, signals from each crystal are individually processed without any data reduction. This is realized using custom designed mixed-signal ASICs for analogue signal processing, and FPGAs to control the digitization of analogue signals and subsequent multiplexing. Analogue to digital converters (ADCs) digitize the signal peak height, time to digital converters (TDCs) time stamp each event relative to a system clock and two 32 bit words containing the energy, time and position information for each singles event are multiplexed through three FIFO stages before being written to disk via gigabit Ethernet. Every singles event is processed and stored in list-mode format, and coincidences are sorted post-acquisition in software. The 1152 channel data acquisition system was designed to be able to handle sustained data rates of up to 11 520 000 cps without loss (10 000 cps/channel). The timing resolution of the TDC was measured to be 1 ns FWHM. In addition to describing the data acquisition system, performance measurements made using a 128-channel detector prototype will be presented.
Detection of activities for daily life surveillance: Eating and drinking (2008)

A two-stage action recognition approach for detecting arm gesture related to human eating or drinking is proposed in this paper. Information retrieved from such a system can be used in the domain of daily life surveillance. We demonstrate that eating or drinking actions can be featured and detected using wearable inertial sensors only. The proposed approach has two steps: feature extraction and classification. The arm movement is the main features of the eating activity. Thus the first step is to extract features from the arm movement raw data. The movement kinematics model for feature extraction in 3D space is firstly built up based on Eular angles. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied to extract the features from the eating action information in a three dimensional space in real time. The second step is the classification. The hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) network is adopted to classify the extracted features of the eating action based on the space and time varying property of the features. The advantages for the HTM algorithm used for classification is that it not only can classify the statistic actions but also can deal with the dynamic signals which is varying with both of the space and time. The HTM can perform high accuracy for the dynamic action detection. The proposed approach is tested through the real eating and drinking action by using the 3-D accelerometer. The experimental results show that the HTM and EKF based method can perform the action recognition with very high accuracy.
Staging of heavy snorers' disease. A proposal. (1984)

The passage from trivial snoring to heavy snorer's disease or obstructive apnea syndrome is a subtle and gradual process. The suspect clinical signs of this process are primarily the onset of intermittent snoring and daytime sleepiness. We propose a diagnostic assessment based on objective monitoring of respiratory behaviour (noise of snoring, endothoracic pressure, SaO2) during sleep and the tendency to daytime drowsiness (by means of the so-called multiple sleep latency test, MSLT). These parameters establish not only the presence of a disease state, but also give a fairly accurate indication of the different stages of the disease. The nocturnal respiratory pattern emerging from this objective assessment can be divided into four stages: stage 0 (or preclinical), with sporadic obstructive apneas; stage I (or initial), with obstructive apneas persisting during light (st. 1-2) and REM sleep; stage II (or overt), with obstructive apneas persisting for the whole length of sleep; stage III (or complicated), with alveolar hypoventilation persisting during wakefulness. In stage 0, episodes of O2 desaturation are sporadically present and linked to obstructive apneas or hypopneas. In stages I-II, phasic desaturations are correlated with the apneas. In stage II and above all stage III, phasic desaturation is associated with persistent falls of Sao2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Critical role for Syk in responses to vascular injury (2011)

Although current antiplatelet therapies provide potent antithrombotic effects, their efficacy is limited by a heightened risk of bleeding and failure to affect vascular remodeling after injury. New lines of research suggest that thrombosis and hemorrhage may be uncoupled at the interface of pathways controlling thrombosis and inflammation. Here, as one remarkable example, studies using a novel and highly selective pharmacologic inhibitor of the spleen tyrosine kinase Syk [PRT060318; 2-((1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexylamino)-4-(m-tolylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide] coupled with genetic experiments, demonstrate that Syk inhibition ameliorates both the acute and chronic responses to vascular injury without affecting hemostasis. Specifically, lack of Syk (murine radiation chimeras) attenuated shear-induced thrombus formation ex vivo, and PRT060318 strongly inhibited arterial thrombosis in vivo in multiple animal species while having minimal impact on bleeding. Furthermore, leukocyte-platelet-dependent responses to vascular injury, including inflammatory cell recruitment and neointima formation, were markedly inhibited by PRT060318. Thus, Syk controls acute and long-term responses to arterial vascular injury. The therapeutic potential of Syk may be exemplary of a new class of antiatherothrombotic agents that target the interface between thrombosis and inflammation.
Induction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-NO· by Lipoarabinomannan of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Is Mediated by MEK1-ERK, MKK7-JNK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO*) expression by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an important host defense mechanism against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mononuclear phagocytes. The objective of this investigation was to examine the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways in the regulation of iNOS and NO* by a mycobacterial cell wall lipoglycan known as mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM). Specific pharmacologic inhibition of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or NF-kappaB pathway revealed that both these signaling cascades were required in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-ManLAM-induced iNOS protein and NO2- expression in mouse macrophages. Transient cotransfection of dominant-negative protein mutants of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway revealed that the MAP kinase kinase 7 (MKK7)-JNK cascade also mediated IFN-gamma-ManLAM induction of iNOS promoter activity whereas MKK4 did not. Overexpression of null mutant IkappaBalpha, a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, confirmed that the IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK)-NF-kappaB signaling pathway enhanced IFN-gamma-ManLAM-induced iNOS promoter activity. By contrast, activated p38mapk inhibited iNOS induction. These results indicate that combined IFN-gamma and ManLAM stimulation induced iNOS and NO. expression and that MEK1-ERK, MKK7-JNK, IKK-NF-kappaB, and p38mapk signaling pathways play important regulatory roles.