gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of melanoma metastases in lungs of BAT treated and peptide immunized mice (2006)

BAT is an immune-modulatory monoclonal antibody that exhibits strong lymphocyte-mediated anti-tumor activity against a variety of murine and human tumors. Peptide A is a vaccine we have developed by screening a phage display peptide library on BAT monoclonal antibody. Anti-tumor activity was obtained in mice inoculated with B16 melanoma by either a single injection with BAT or immunization with peptide A. The aim of this study was to follow and compare histopathologically the process of prevention of melanoma metastases in lungs of treated and immunized mice. Mice were sacrificed on different days after tumor inoculation, their lungs were weighed and the number of metastases was counted. The lungs were then fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological examination of tumor inoculated mice on day 10 revealed the existence of microscopic melanoma lesions (0.01-0.012 mm) that increased gradually in number and size and on day 21, most of the metastases were large and spanned entire lobes, from the pleura to the hilum, measuring up to 3.5 mm and coexisting with scattered, small metastases showing the same morphology and pattern of lung involvement. On day 24, the lungs of untreated mice were massively infiltrated by coalescing metastases replacing up to 50% of the lung tissue and measuring up to 7.0 mm. The number of lung metastases and weight was dramatically decreased by a single injection of BAT monoclonal antibody ten days post tumor inoculation. The treated mice clearly had fewer and smaller metastases in different mice at the different days post tumor inoculation. On day 21, there were few small metastases measuring up to 1.6 mm and on day 24 no lung metastases were detected in this group that appeared with a completely normal lung structure. Immunization with peptide A started one day post tumor inoculation and was compared to immunization with control peptide N. Fourteen days post tumor inoculation, mice immunized with peptide A had only 1-2 metastases (0.012-0.076 mm) and on day 24 ranged up to 2 mm compared to control immunized mice where the tumor developed up to 5-7 mm. Foci of lung inflammation in both the untreated, treated or immunized mice were rare, small, and not preferentially associated with the lung metastases. They were composed mainly of small lymphocytes and a few macrophages. This study is the basis of histopathological understanding of metastases prevention in lungs of mice immunized or treated by BAT monoclonal antibody.
Synthesis of poly(aliphatic sulfides) by polycondensation of sodium sulfide with dibromoalkanes in the presence of quaternary onium salts (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of poly(aliphatic sulfides) by polycondensation of sodium sulfide with dibromoalkanes in the presence of quaternary onium saltsMitsuru Ueda, Yoshiyuki Oishi, Naoyuki Sakai, and Yoshio ImaiCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 2, 248–251Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00230a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00230a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Qualifications frameworks in the UK: Do they support credit transfer? (2013)

Qualifications Frameworks (QFs) have become a new global phenomenon. Many countries are using them as a vehicle for educational reform often linked to economic and political drivers. Do they provide the answer to many of our issues around mobility, transfer of credit and mutual recognition or are they simply a construct which provides a vehicle for some better analysis of education and training issues? This article will consider the thinking behind the rise in QF developments worldwide, review developments in relation to National Qualifications Frameworks over the last 10 years within the UK and then will go on to focus specifically on the SCQF and examine what impact it has had on credit transfer in Scotland. It will consider whether having a QF has actually supported the implementation of credit transfer within Scotland and between Scotland and other countries or whether a QF is only one of the drivers that make credit transfer a reality. Finally it will consider what factors and drivers need to be present to make the move towards sustainable credit transfer successful and how a QF can assist with supporting that overall transition.
Cell kinetics as a prognostic marker in node-negative breast cancer (1985)

The relevance of cell kinetics of the primary tumor as a marker of biologic aggressivity was verified on a series of 258 patients with operable breast cancer without nodal and distant metastases, who underwent radical mastectomy without any other treatment until relapse. The cell proliferative rate, evaluated in vitro on fresh tumor material and expressed as 3H-thymidine labeling index, was found to be an important discriminant of metastatic potential. Patients with slowly proliferating tumors showed a higher probability of 6-year relapse-free survival in comparison to those with fast-proliferating tumors (80.5% versus 59.6%, P = 0.00004). This finding was true for premenopausal and paramenopausal (P = 0.00005) as well as for postmenopausal patients (P = 0.01). The kinetic variable was also a discriminant of 6-year survival for the overall series (P = 0.003) and for premenopausal and paramenopausal patients (P = 0.003) regardless of the type of treatment after relapse. These findings show the relevance of the kinetic variable as an important prognostic marker in breast cancer.
Early hydrogen-bonding events in the folding reaction of ubiquitin. (1992)

The formation of hydrogen-bonded structure in the folding reaction of ubiquitin, a small cytoplasmic protein with an extended beta-sheet and an alpha-helix surrounding a pronounced hydrophobic core, has been investigated by hydrogen-deuterium exchange labeling in conjunction with rapid mixing methods and two-dimensional NMR analysis. The time course of protection from exchange has been measured for 26 back-bone amide protons that form stable hydrogen bonds upon refolding and exchange slowly under native conditions. Amide protons in the beta-sheet and the alpha-helix, as well as protons involved in hydrogen bonds at the helix/sheet interface, become 80% protected in an initial 8-ms folding phase, indicating that the two elements of secondary structure form and associate in a common cooperative folding event. Somewhat slower protection rates for residues 59, 61, and 69 provide evidence for the subsequent stabilization of a surface loop. Most probes also exhibit two minor phases with time constants of about 100 ms and 10 s. Only two of the observed residues, Gln-41 and Arg-42, display significant slow folding phases, with amplitudes of 37% and 22%, respectively, which can be attributed to native-like folding intermediates containing cis peptide bonds for Pro-37 and/or Pro-38. Compared with other proteins studied by pulse labeling, including cytochrome c, ribonuclease, and barnase, the initial formation of hydrogen-bonded structure in ubiquitin occurs at a more rapid rate and slow-folding species are less prominent.
Real-time image-based driver fatigue detection and monitoring system for monitoring driver vigilance (2016)

In order to realize automatic on-line monitoring of driver fatigue state, an automatic driver fatigue state early warning system based on vision on-line real time detection is established by analyzing driver's eye and mouth states. Firstly, this system use VJ detector algorithm to detect the face, and then in the face region of interest (FROI), MB-LBP feature is used to find the eye region and locate eyes' area rapidly and accurately in the upper FROI. Then Kalman filter algorithm is adopted to track the eyes and mouth. After this feature enhancement and ellipse fitting for human eye image is adopted after the edge points of human eyes, and a threshold is set to match mouth feature such as open, close and yawning, which is used judging the mouth state. Finally, the threshold is set to determine the human eye state by calculating the ratio between short axis and the long axis of the ellipse. Experimental results indicate that the method used can detect the position and states of human eye and mouth accurately and rapidly in the case of different angle and shielding rotation, and the detection rate is higher than 95%. The established driver fatigue warning system can meet the real-time requirement of the driver fatigue state detection.
Fast transient charging at the graphene/SiO2 interface causing hysteretic device characteristics (2011)

Device instabilities of graphene metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors such as hysteresis and Dirac point shifts have been attributed to charge trapping in the underlying substrate, especially in SiO2. In this letter, trapping time constants around 87 μs and 1.76 ms were identified using a short pulse current-voltage method. The values of two trapping time constants with reversible trapping behavior indicate that the hysteretic behaviors of graphene field effect transistors are due to neither charge trapping in the bulk SiO2 or tunneling into other interfacial materials. Also, it is concluded that the dc measurement method significantly underestimated the performance of graphene devices.
Endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer (2001)

In our experience, EMR allows us to perform less invasive treatment without sacrificing the possibility of cure.
Amino Acids in the Development of Prodrugs (2018)

Although drugs currently used for the various types of diseases (e.g., antiparasitic, antiviral, antibacterial, etc.) are effective, they present several undesirable pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties. Most of the drugs have low bioavailability, lack of sensitivity, and do not target only the damaged cells, thus also affecting normal cells. Moreover, there is the risk of developing resistance against drugs upon chronic treatment. Consequently, their potential clinical applications might be limited and therefore, it is mandatory to find strategies that improve those properties of therapeutic agents. The development of prodrugs using amino acids as moieties has resulted in improvements in several properties, namely increased bioavailability, decreased toxicity of the parent drug, accurate delivery to target tissues or organs, and prevention of fast metabolism. Herein, we provide an overview of models currently in use of prodrug design with amino acids. Furthermore, we review the challenges related to the permeability of poorly absorbed drugs and transport and deliver on target organs.
Development of a scan system for Rayleigh, shear and longitudinal wave velocity mapping (1999)

A high precision scanning acoustic microscope system to generate C-scan type velocity images of Rayleigh, surface skimming longitudinal (SSLW) and surface skimming shear waves (SSSW), has been developed. The acoustic microscope utilizes impulse excitation to separate in the time domain the direct reflected signal from the surface acoustic wave signals. Differences in the arrival times of these signals at two defocuses are used to compute the velocity and display a 2D x/y velocity in real time during the scan. A map of the Young's modulus of the material is generated using the velocity images. Examples of measurement on standard samples and Ti-6Al-4V alloys are presented.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of human serum proteins modified by ampicillin during therapeutic treatment (1995)

Two-dimensional electrophoretograms of serum proteins from ampicillin-treated patients were analyzed-by immunoblotting with an antiserum specific for penicilloyl groups. As expected, human serum albumin (HSA) was the main ampicilloylated serum component. Transferrin main form II was found to be the second most important component as regards immunoblotting intensity. Immunoreactive spots were present on the acidic side of the transferrin isoelectric series, suggesting a modification mechanism similar to that observed in HSA, i.e., acylation of basic amino acid residues. Several additional ampicilloylated spots were detected but could not be assigned. Their electrophoretic parameters were determined using internal standards. This is the first description of serum proteins other than HSA being modified by ampicillin in the course of routine therapeutic treatment.
Conformational Studies of Human Vitamin‐D Receptor by Antipeptide Antibodies, Partial Proteolytic Digestion and Ligand Binding (1997)

We have studied conformational changes of human vitamin-D receptor by using antipeptide antibodies, partial proteolytic digestion and binding of the natural ligand calcitriol or its synthetic analogs. Before exposing either [35S]methionine-labelled in vitro translated human vitamin-D receptor or a recombinant human vitamin-D receptor produced either in Escherichia coli or in Sf9 insect cells to limited proteolysis by trypsin or chymotrypsin, the proteins were treated with calcitriol or its synthetic analogs. The digestion products were analyzed by SDS/PAGE, immunoblotting with polyclonal antipeptide antibodies targeted against different domains of the receptor, and Edman N-terminal sequencing. After limited proteolysis with trypsin, two fragments of Mr 21,000 and Mr 34,000 could be localized into N-terminus and C-terminus of the receptor, respectively, by antipeptide antibodies. We found that treatment with calcitriol or its synthetic analogs leads to differential resistance of the ligand-binding domain of the recombinant receptor to partial proteolysis in vitro. We suggest that this is due to distinct conformational changes in the domain induced by the different ligands. The short N-terminal region and the Zn-finger domain form, however, a protease-resistant structure which is independent on the presence or absence of the ligand. When the C-terminal fragment of Mr 34,000 was further analyzed by Edman N-terminal sequencing, the major cleavage site in the receptor between amino acids Arg173 and His174 was revealed.
1.3-μm GaInAsP/InP buried-ridge-structure laser and its monolithic integration with photodetector using reactive ion beam etching (1994)

A 1.3 /spl mu/m GaInAs/InP BRS laser is monolithically integrated with a photodiode. reactive ion beam etching technique (RIBE) is used for the realization of the laser mesa stripe and for the separation of the laser and the photodetector sections. Influence of the laser-detector gap width, the detector facet inclination, and the laser beam waist on the coupling efficiency between LD and PD are discussed theoretically and experimentally. Coupling efficiency as high as 50 /spl mu/A/mW is obtained by optimizing the structure. A packaged pigtailed integrated LD-PD is realized, in which the signal emitted from the rear laser facet is detected by the integrated photodiode and used to stabilize the laser output power, through a hybrid feedback circuit, to within 0.1% over 55/spl deg/C temperature range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modulation of specific T cell responses by concurrent infection with <i>Leishmania major</i> and LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses (1995)

C57BL/6 mice infected with a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) mixture designated LP-BM5 develop an immunodeficiency syndrome termed MAIDS, characterized by a variety of T and B cell abnormalities, including elevated levels of IgE, suggesting that IL-4 expression is increased in these animals. It has been suggested that the immunodeficiency associated with MAIDS is caused by a conversion of immune responses normally characterized by Th1 development towards a Th2-dominated response. Mice of the same strain, infected with Leishmania major, mount a protective Th1 response with the induction of high levels of IFN-gamma and undetectable IL-4. We therefore infected mice with L. major at differing time points before and after virus infection and assessed the effects on T cell responsiveness, cytokine production and survival to L. major, as well as the effect on MAIDS-associated pathology. We have also immunized C57BL/6 mice with trinitrophenol-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (TNP-KLH), which leads to a predominantly Th2 response, and compared the effects of MAIDS on the response to TNP-KLH with the effect of MAIDS on L. major infection. Our results show that significant immunodeficiency with regard to infection by L. major is only apparent after 8 weeks of LP-BM5 MuLV infection, by which time T and B cell defects are well advanced. Further, we have found that the strongly polarized Th1 response stimulated by L. major infection can modulate the effect of MAIDS on T cells, leading to the survival of antigen-specific T cells. Our results suggest that the impairment of immune responses to either TNP-KLH or L. major is due not to an alteration of the balance of Th1/Th2 subsets but to a general loss of reactivity in antigen-specific CD4+ cells. However, prior activation of Th1 but not Th2 cells can inhibit the development of lymphoproliferation and immunodeficiency caused by MAIDS.
An online learning approach to in-vivo tracking using synergistic features (2010)

In this paper we present an online algorithm for robustly tracking surgical tools in dynamic environments that can assist a surgeon during in-vivo robotic surgery procedures. The next generation of in-vivo robotic surgical devices includes integrated imaging and effector platforms that need to be controlled through real-time visual feedback. Our tracking algorithm learns the appearance of the tool online to account for appearance and perspective changes. In addition, the tracker uses multiple features working together to model the object and discover new areas of the tool as it moves quickly, exits and re-enters the scene, or becomes occluded and requires recovery. The algorithm can persist through changes in lighting and pose by using a memory database, which is built online, using a series of features working together to exploit different aspects of the object being tracked. We present results using real in-vivo imaging data from a human partial nephrectomy.
The on-board processor for ITALSAT SS-TDMA multibeam package (2003)

The ITALSAT experimental and preoperative mission, whose purpose is to anticipate most of the new techniques suitable for the next generation of domestic digital communication satellites as well as to verify some new system concepts from technical and economical points of view, is discussed, along with its system communication architecture and services. The technological aspects of the on board based band switchboard (BBS) are described, together with the driving elements relevant to the design, development, and testing, at both unit and payload levels. The engineering model of the BBS has been tested and integrated in the payload. Mechanical, thermal, mass, and layout aspects concerning the BBS integration in the spacecraft are also discussed. The test results are presented and briefly discussed in order to show the measured data versus the requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Restenosis after angioplasty]. (1999)

Restenosis remains the main limitation of endocoronary methods of revascularisation. It is observed in 20 to over 50% of cases, depending on the prevailing risk factors and techniques used. The mechanism of post balloon angioplasty restenosis consists of neointimal hyperplasia, vascular remodelling and thrombosis. Intra-stent thrombosis is mainly caused by the neointimal hyperplasia. The strategies developed to prevent restenosis may be grouped in two categories: mechanical and pharmacological strategies. Stenting is the only mechanical method to have been shown to be effective. With respect to pharmacological methods, the general impression is rather negative even if some positive results have been reported recently. Of the new strategies which may provide a solution in the coming years, gene therapy and endocoronary irradiation justify a special mention.
Emerging connections between RNA and autophagy (2016)

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a key catabolic process, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival through the removal and recycling of unwanted cellular material. Emerging evidence has revealed intricate connections between the RNA and autophagy research fields. While a majority of studies have focused on protein, lipid and carbohydrate catabolism via autophagy, accumulating data supports the view that several types of RNA and associated ribonucleoprotein complexes are specifically recruited to phagophores (precursors to autophagosomes) and subsequently degraded in the lysosome/vacuole. Moreover, recent studies have revealed a substantial number of novel autophagy regulators with RNA-related functions, indicating roles for RNA and associated proteins not only as cargo, but also as regulators of this process. In this review, we discuss widespread evidence of RNA catabolism via autophagy in yeast, plants and animals, reviewing the molecular mechanisms and biological importance in normal physiology, stress and disease. In addition, we explore emerging evidence of core autophagy regulation mediated by RNA-binding proteins and noncoding RNAs, and point to gaps in our current knowledge of the connection between RNA and autophagy. Finally, we discuss the pathological implications of RNA-protein aggregation, primarily in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
Tunnel magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with a ZnS barrier (2001)

We report on the junction magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions of the hard–soft type with magnetic layers separated by a ZnS barrier. The hard magnetic bottom electrode consists of an artificial antiferromagnetic structure in which the rigidity is ensured by the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between two FeCo layers through a Ru spacer layer. The samples were grown by sputtering on Si (111) wafers at room temperature and have the following structure: Fe6 nmCu30 nm(CoFe)1.8 nmRu0.8 nm(CoFe)3 nmZnSx(CoFe)1 nmFe4 nmCu10 nmRu3 nm. The square tunnel elements, with lateral sizes of 10, 20, 50, and 100μm, exhibit typical tunnel resistance of 2–3 kΩ μm2 and nonlinear zero field current–voltage (J–V) variation. The most interesting result is the observation of junction magnetoresistance of about 5% at room temperature with a 2 nm thick ZnS barrier.
PAUL GUILDAL 1882-1950 (1951)

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volumeVol. 33-B, No. 3 In MemoriamFree AccessPAUL GUILDAL 1882-1950S. K.S. K.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Aug 1951https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.33B3.452AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to FavouritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 33-B, No. 3 Metrics History Published online 1 August 1951 Published in print 1 August 1951 InformationCopyright © 1951, The British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery: All rights reservedPDF download