gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The determination of ionospheric electron content by observation of Faraday fading (1960)

From a study of the Faraday fading of signals transmitted from a satellite on 20 or 40 Mc/s the total electron content between satellite and observer can be determined. In special cases a simple interpretation of the records is possible. This method can be applied to the study of the ionosphere above the F2 maximum. The results of preliminary experiments are presented. A form of satellite transmission is described which would be particularly suitable for such studies.
Colorimetric Sensor for Triphosphates and Their Application as a Viable Staining Agent for Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (2008)

The chromogenic complex 1 x Zn (where 1 is (E)-4-(4-dimethylamino-phenylazo)-N,N-bispyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzenesulfonamide) showed high affinity toward the phosphate ion in tetrabutylammonium phosphate in acetonitrile solution and could preferentially bind to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. This binding caused a visual change in color, whereas no such change was noticed with other related anions (adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, pyrophosphate, and phosphate) of biological significance. Thus, 1 x Zn could be used as a staining agent for different biological cells through binding to the ATP, generated in situ by the mitochondria (in eukaryotes). For prokaryotes (bacteria) the cell membrane takes care of the cells' energy conversion, since they lack mitochondria. ATP is produced in their unique cell structure on the cell membrane, which is not found in any eukaryotes. These stained cells could be viewed with normal light microscopy. This reagent could even be used for distinguishing the gram-positive and the gram-negative bacteria (prokaryotes). This dye was found to be nonlipophilic in nature and nontoxic to living microbes (eukaryotes and prokaryotes). Further, stained cells were found to grow in their respective media, and this confirmed the maintenance of viability of the microbes even after staining, unlike with many other dyes available commercially.
Analog VLSI implementation of the Hassenstein-Reichardt-Poggio models for vision computation (2002)

The engineering of analog VLSI processors for computer vision is discussed. These are based on the Hassenstein-Reichardt-Poggio models for information processing in the visual systems of the fly. It is shown how neural network models can be mapped on silicon integrated circuits for performing tasks that can be handled efficiently by digital computing machinery. Hardware architectures for both position and motion computation are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling the effects of lattice defects on microtubule breaking and healing (2016)

Microtubule reorganization often results from the loss of polymer induced through breakage or active destruction by energy-using enzymes. Pre-existing defects in the microtubule lattice likely lower structural integrity and aid filament destruction. Using large-scale molecular simulations, we model diverse microtubule fragments under forces generated at specific positions to locally crush the filament. We show that lattices with 2% defects are crushed and severed by forces three times smaller than defect-free ones. We validate our results with direct comparisons of microtubule kinking angles during severing. We find a high statistical correlation between the angle distributions from experiments and simulations indicating that they sample the same population of structures. Our simulations also indicate that the mechanical environment of the filament affects breaking: local mechanical support inhibits healing after severing, especially in the case of filaments with defects. These results recall reports of microtubule healing after flow-induced bending and corroborate prior experimental studies that show severing is more likely at locations where microtubules crossover in networks. Our results shed new light on mechanisms underlying the ability of microtubules to be destroyed and healed in the cell, either by external forces or by severing enzymes wedging dimers apart. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
<i>Ab initio</i>estimates of the Curie temperature for magnetic compounds (2006)

The local spin-density functional approximation is increasingly being used for materials applications such as predicting structural and magnetic properties. The recently aquired ability to model low-lying magnetic excitations like magnons is used for deriving useful formulae to estimate the Curie (Neel) temperatures of magnetic compounds. Underlying this is Moriya's unified approach, appropriately formulated for density functional use. The theory is applied to the classical compounds FeNi, CoNi, FeNi3, CoNi3, and RhMn3 to establish a level of confidence, and to the Heusler compounds NiMnSb, Mn2VAl, Co2FeSi, Mn3Al, and Mn3Ga, which are presently studied with possible applications in mind for advanced spin electronic devices.
Architectures and Synchronization Techniques for Coherent Distributed Remote Sensing Systems (2019)

Phase, frequency and time synchronization is a crucial requirement for many applications as such as multi-static remote sensing and distributed beamforming for communications. The literature on the field is very wide, and in some cases, the requirements of the proposed synchronization solution may surpass the ones set by the application itself. Moreover, the synchronization solution becomes even more challenging when the nodes are flying or hovering on aerial or space platforms. In this work, we compare and classify the synchronization technologies available in the literature according to a common proposed framework, and we discuss the considerations of an implementation for distributed remote sensing applications. The general framework considered is based on a distributed collection of autonomous nodes that try to synchronize their clocks with a common reference. Moreover, they can be classified in non-overlapping, adjacent and overlapping frequency band scenarios.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a thermostable lipase from<i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i>P1 (2001)

The gene encoding a thermostable lipase secreted by Bacillus stearothermophilus P1 has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant lipase was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography (Poros 20 HQ) and Sephacryl S-200HR. The molecular mass was shown to be 43 209 Da by mass spectrometry. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained by the hanging-drop method of vapour diffusion with ammonium sulfate as the precipitating agent. Determination of the structure by molecular replacement with existing mesophilic lipase structures has proved unrewarding, as there is less than 20% sequence identity with known lipase structures, but preliminary results with heavy-atom soaking indicate that this strategy will allow the structure to be solved. The availability of this new lipase structure will be of particular significance because it will be the first thermostable lipase to be described.
New Reflection Oximeter (1960)

It is experimentally shown that the ratio of light reflected by a nonhemolysed blood sample at two suitable wavelengths is a linear function of the oxygen saturation. A simple instrument to determine oxygen saturation in vitro, based on these findings, is described.
Protective role of CaCl<sub>2</sub> against Pb<sup>2+</sup> inhibition in photosystem II (1990)

The Pb2+ treatment of Photosystem II (PS II) membrane fragments, either intact or depleted in 17 and 23 kDa extrinsic polypeptides, inhibits PS II activity. When CaCl2 was present in the assay, the Pb2+ inhibition was significantly reduced in both types of PS II membranes, suggesting a protective role of CaCl2 against Pb2+ inhibition. However, in either case, the degree of PS II inhibition by Pb2+ was higher in the protein depleted than in intact PS II. It showed that the loss of endogenous Ca2+ induced by polypeptide depletion causes the PS II to be more susceptible to Pb2+. The interaction of Pb2+ with CaCl2 in protein-depleted PS II was competitive. Our results suggest that Pb2+ competes for binding to the Ca2(+)- and Cl- active sites in the water-splitting complex. Since Pb2+ inhibition of PS II activity cannot be reversed by CaCl2 but can be reversed by diphenylcarbazide, we conclude that Pb2+ induced inhibition of PS II activity was mediated via the water-splitting system.
Relationships among the O-Antigen Gene Clusters of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Groups B, D1, D2, and D3 (1998)

The O antigen is an important cell wall antigen of gram-negative bacteria, and the genes responsible for its biosynthesis are located in a gene cluster. We have cloned and sequenced the DNA segment unique to the O-antigen gene cluster of Salmonella enterica group D3. This segment includes a novel O-antigen polymerase gene (wzyD3). The polymerase gives alpha(1-->6) linkages but has no detectable sequence similarity to that of group D2, which confers the same linkage. We find the remnant of a D3-like wzy gene in the O-antigen gene clusters of groups D1 and B and suggest that this is the original wzy gene of these O-antigen gene clusters.
Werner syndrome helicase is a selective vulnerability of microsatellite instability-high tumor cells (2019)

Targeted cancer therapy is based on exploiting selective dependencies of tumor cells. By leveraging recent functional screening data of cancer cell lines we identify Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) as a novel specific vulnerability of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancer cells. MSI, caused by defective mismatch repair (MMR), occurs frequently in colorectal, endometrial and gastric cancers. We demonstrate that WRN inactivation selectively impairs the viability of MSI-H but not microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal and endometrial cancer cell lines. In MSI-H cells, WRN loss results in severe genome integrity defects. ATP-binding deficient variants of WRN fail to rescue the viability phenotype of WRN-depleted MSI-H cancer cells. Reconstitution and depletion studies indicate that WRN dependence is not attributable to acute loss of MMR gene function but might arise during sustained MMR-deficiency. Our study suggests that pharmacological inhibition of WRN helicase function represents an opportunity to develop a novel targeted therapy for MSI-H cancers.
Research on the Properties of the Waste Glass Concrete Composite Foundation (2018)

The composite foundation of glass concrete can not only reuse the large number of waste glass, but also improve the bearing capacity of weak foundation and soil with special properties. In this paper, the engineering properties of glass concrete composite foundation are studied based on the development situation of glass concrete and the technology of composite foundation.
Sensor errors prediction using neural networks (2000)

The features of neural networks used for increasing the accuracy of physical quantity measurement are considered by prediction of sensor drift. The technique of data volume increasing for predicting neural network training is offered at the expense of various data types replacement for neural network training and at the expense of the separate approximating neural network use.
Novel Role for Low Molecular Weight Plasma Thiols in Nitric Oxide-mediated Control of Platelet Function (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful antiplatelet agent, but its notoriously short biological half-life limits its potential to prevent the activation of circulating platelets. Here we used diethylamine diazeniumdiolate (DEA/NO) as an NO generator to determine whether the antiplatelet effects of NO are prolonged by the formation of a durable, plasma-borne S-nitrosothiol reservoir. Preincubation of both platelet rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets (WP) with DEA/NO (2 microm) for 1 min inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation by 82 +/- 5 and 91 +/- 2%, respectively. After 30 min preincubation with DEA/NO, NO was no longer detectable in either preparation, but aggregation remained markedly inhibited (72 +/- 7%) in PRP. In contrast, the inhibitory effect in WP was almost completely lost at this time (5 +/- 3%) but was partially restored (39 +/- 10%) in WP containing human serum albumin (1%) and fully restored by co-incubation with albumin and the low molecular weight (LMW) thiols, glutathione, (5 microm), cysteinyl-glycine (10 microm), or cysteine (10 microm). This NO-mediated effect was not seen with LMW thiols in the absence of albumin and was associated with S-nitrosothiol formation. Our results demonstrate that LMW thiols play an important role in both the formation and activation of an S-nitrosoalbumin reservoir that significantly prolongs the duration of action of NO.
Expanded Polyfunctional T Cell Response to Mycobacterial Antigens in TB Disease and Contraction Post-Treatment (2010)

We found that an increase in complexity (i.e., production of more than 1 factor simultaneously) of the T cell profile was associated with TB disease and that this was significantly reduced following TB treatment. This implies that T cells are able to respond adequately to TB antigens with active disease (at least initially) but the ability of this response to protect the host from disease progression is hampered, presumably due to immune evasion strategies by the bacteria. These findings have implications for the development of new diagnostics and vaccine strategies.
Palladium‐Catalyzed, Sequential, Three‐Component Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides, Alkynes, and Arynes (2007)

Three's a crowd? Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be synthesized efficiently and in high yield using the first palladium-catalyzed, sequential, three-component coupling of alkynes and arynes with aryl halides (see scheme). This process appears to involve the catalytic, stepwise carbopalladation of an alkyne and an aryne to generate the three-component products. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604969_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Methyl imidazo[1,2‐<i>b</i>]pyridazine‐2‐carbamates and related compounds as potential antifilarial agents (1992)

Abstract A series of imidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazines have been synthesized for antifilarial evaluation. The compounds prepared include methyl 6‐benzoylimidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine‐2‐carbamate ( 12 ), 6‐benzoyl‐2‐ t ‐butylimidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine ( 13 ), methyl 6‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)imidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine‐2‐carbamate ( 14 ), and methyl 6‐(2‐thienylcarbonylcarbonyl)imidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine‐2‐carbamate ( 15 ) which are aza analogs of the anthelmintic agents mebendazole, flubendazole and nocadazole. In addition, the preparation of a series of 2‐ t ‐butylimidazo[1,2‐ b ]‐pyridazine‐6‐carboxylic acid derivatives is described. Electrophilic bromination and iodination substitutions of 2‐ t ‐butyl‐6‐methylimidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine afforded 3‐halo derivatives. Methyl 6‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)pyridazine‐3‐carbamate was also prepared for antifilarial evaluation. None of these compounds possessed significant antifilarial activity against Brugia pahangi or Acanthocheilonema viteae infections in jirds.
Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Triboelectric Nanosensor Using Chemically Modified TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials (2013)

Mechanical energy harvesting based on triboelectric effect has been proven to be a simple, cost-effective, and robust method for electricity generation. In this study, we developed a rationally designed triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by utilizing the contact electrification between a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film and a layer of TiO2 nanomaterial (nanowire and nanosheet) array. The as-developed TENG was systematically studied and demonstrated as a self-powered nanosensor toward catechin detection. The high sensitivity (detection limit of 5 μM) and selectivity are achieved through a strong interaction between Ti atoms of TiO2 nanomaterial and enediol group of catechin. The output voltage and current density were increased by a factor of 5.0 and 2.9, respectively, when adsorbed with catechin of a saturated concentration, because of the charge transfer from catechin to TiO2. This study demonstrates the possibility of improving the electrical output of TENG through chemical modification.
Intelligent erratic driving diagnosis based on artificial neural networks (2010)

This paper presents an intelligent system to perform an erratic driving diagnosis. The proposed approach takes into account the analysis of the signals that could be acquired from modern on-board diagnostic systems (OBD-II), global positioning systems (GPS) and other localization sensors. Diagnosis of erratic driving could be essential to reduce accident rates, because of several applications that may result based on it. The overall process can be summarized in three steps. First, extraction of suitable signals (throttle, brake, steering, velocity, location) related to driver actions. Secondly, mathematical processing of the above signals for a proper utilization by the intelligent system. Finally, driving faults detection and overall performance rating based on artificial neural networks. Experimental results show the feasibility and reliability of the proposed approach in different driving situations.
Possible Warfarin Interaction with Menthol Cough Drops (2005)

This case documents a significant decrease in the INR following the use of menthol cough drops. Patients who are ill have several factors that can potentially affect their INR and should be monitored closely.
Content sharing in information storage and retrieval system using tree representation of documents (2014)

In general document collections system contains groups of documents with overlapping content. However, most information storage and retrieval systems process each document separately, causing shared content to be indexed multiple times. In this paper, we describe a new document representation model where related documents are organized as a tree that allowing shared content to be indexed just once. We show that how this representation model can reduce the size of an inverted index as well as the time to build it.
Task Duration Estimation (2019)

Estimating how long a task will take to complete (i.e., the task duration) is important for many applications, including calendaring and project management. Population-scale calendar data contains distributional information about time allocated by individuals for tasks that may be useful to build computational models for task duration estimation. This study analyzes anonymized large-scale calendar appointment data from hundreds of thousands of individuals and millions of tasks to understand expected task durations and the longitudinal evolution in these durations. Machine-learned models are trained using the appointment data to estimate task duration. Study findings show that task attributes, including content (anonymized appointment subjects), context, and history, are correlated with time allocated for tasks. We also show that machine-learned models can be trained to estimate task duration, with multiclass classification accuracies of almost 80%. The findings have implications for understanding time estimation in populations, and in the design of support in digital assistants and calendaring applications to find time for tasks and to help people, especially those who are new to a task, block sufficient time for task completion.
The JAK/STAT pathway is involved in the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines (2017)

Although improvements in the chemotherapy modalities for pancreatic cancer have been realized, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies. New-generation cancer immunotherapy methods, such as blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, are consistently being investigated to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of anticancer agents 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine and paclitaxel on PD-L1 expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 and in murine pancreatic cancer cell line Pan02. Additionally, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms that facilitated the regulation of PD-L1 expression in these cell lines. We observed that when AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and Pan02 cells were stimulated by 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine or paclitaxel, PD-L1 surface protein expression was enhanced. Similarly, the mRNA level of PD-L1 was upregulated in the AsPC-1 and Pan02 cells when stimulated by each of the three anticancer agents. The phosphorylation of STAT1 and an increase in total STAT1 were also observed in the AsPC-1 cells when stimulated by each anticancer agent. In response to JAK2 inhibitor treatment, PD-L1 upregulation induced by the anticancer agents was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that i) the JAK2/STAT1 pathway is involved in the anticancer agent-mediated PD-L1 transcription; and ii) the anticancer agents altered the tumor immune response which may induce tumor immune escape. These findings can have an influence on the design of treatments that combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Spread spectrum technique for passive multiplexing of interferometric optical fibre sensors (1990)

A novel technique for multiplexing interferometric optical fibre sensors has been developed . The technique uses spread spectrum modulation of a semiconductor laser and electronic correlation detection of the returned signals from a network of interferometric sensors . A network consisting of two interferometric sensors in parallel has been assembled to investigate performance parameters such as cross-talk , and initial results from our experiments are reported.
90% write power-saving SRAM using sense-amplifying memory cell (2004)

This paper describes a low-power write scheme which reduces SRAM power by 90% by using seven-transistor sense-amplifying memory cells. By reducing the bitline swing to V/sub DD//6 and amplifying the voltage swing by a sense-amplifier structure in a memory cell, the charging and discharging component of the power of the bit/data lines is reduced. A 64-kb test chip has been fabricated and correct read/write operation has been verified. It is also shown that the scheme can also have the capability of leakage power reduction with small modifications. Achievable leakage power reduction is estimated to be two orders of magnitude from SPICE simulation results.
7.5 MeV High Average Power Linear Accelerator System for Food Irradiation Applications (2005)

In December 2004 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of 7.5 MeV X-rays for irradiation of food products. The increased efficiency for treatment at 7.5 MeV (versus the previous maximum allowable X-ray energy of 5 MeV) will have a significant impact on processing rates and, therefore, reduce the per-package cost of irradiation using X-rays. Titan Pulse Sciences Division is developing a new food irradiation system based on this ruling. The irradiation system incorporates a 7.5 MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) that is capable of 100 kW average power. A tantalum converter is positioned close to the exit window of the scan horn. The linac is an RF standing waveguide structure based on a 5 MeV accelerator that is used for X-ray processing of food products. The linac is powered by a 1300 MHz (L-Band) klystron tube. The electrical drive for the klystron is a solid state modulator that uses inductive energy store and solid-state opening switches. The system is designed to operate 7000 hours per year.