gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-fiber Mamyshev oscillator with high average power and harmonic mode-locking (2020)

In this Letter, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental demonstration of high-order harmonic mode-locking of an all-fiber Mamyshev oscillator. The laser is entirely realized using standard step-index fiber. It delivers time-stable pulse trains with average powers reaching more than 100 mW at the fundamental mode-locked repetition rate (7.7 MHz) and 1.3 W at the 14th harmonic (107.8 MHz).
Solution and performance analysis of geolocation by TDOA (1993)

One method of geolocation is based on measuring the time difference of arrivals (TDOAs) of a signal received by three or four geostationary satellites. The received signals are cross-correlated to determine the TDOAs and a set of nonlinear equations are solved to produce the location estimate. An exact solution for the transmitter position is derived for the three or four receiver cases. Extension of the solution method to more receivers is straightforward. An analysis of the performance of the system is given, together with expressions for predicting the localization mean-square errors (MSEs) and bias, and the Cramer-Rao bound. Both precision in TDOA measurements and the relative geometry between receivers and transmitter affect the localization accuracy. The geometric factors act as multipliers to the TDOA variance in the bias and MSE formulae. A study of the dependency of the geometric factors on transmitter position and satellite spacings are provided, as well as simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Core-analysis results: Comprehensive study wells, Devonian shale. Topical report, May 1989 (1989)

Three important results have been determined based on extensive core analyses on 539 feet of conventional core recovered from four comprehensive study wells in the Devonian shale in the Appalachian area, and based on new methods of core analyses developed. First, relatively high values of porosity and free gas space are present, especially in the black organic rich shales. Second, gas permeabilities have been measured for the first time at native fluid saturations and at in situ pressure. Third, a new method of deriving kerogen content has been developed using geochemistry measurements of total organic carbon and rock pyrolysis. Results show kerogen content is significantly higher than that derived from thin-section petrography, which is the analytical method normally used, by about 50% in the kerogen-rich rocks.
Brain Metastasis: Opportunities in Basic and Translational Research (2009)

Brain metastasis is a major public health problem. An alarming increase in the incidence of brain metastasis in patients with otherwise well controlled systemic cancer has drawn attention to this important, yet understudied, dimension of the cancer problem. Today's practicing oncologist encounters
Changes in Male Foot Shape and Size with Weightbearing (2006)

Accurate, consistent measurement of foot-ankle geometry is essential for the design and manufacture of well-fitting, functional, comfortable footwear; for the diagnosis of certain biomechanical disorders; and for consistent longitudinal monitoring and assessment of pedorthic treatment outcomes. We sought to formulate a basic set of measures characterizing the principal geometric dimensions of the foot, to investigate how these measures vary with increasing weightbearing, and to explore the implications of weightbearing changes in pedal geometry for orthopedic footwear design and manufacture. The right feet of 40 healthy men aged 22 to 71 years were scanned using the Department of Veterans Affairs Pedorthics Optical Digitizer in neutral alignment, sequentially bearing 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of the subjects' body weight. With support of the full body weight, the following mean changes in the pedal parameters were observed: heel-to-toe length, 1.5%; ball width, 4.3%; maximum heel width, 4.8%; and instep height, -9.3%. On average, 71% of the changes sustained in the pedal parameters at full weightbearing occurred when, or before, 25% of the body weight was applied.
Conversational commerce a new era of e-business (2016)

The most common thing we are listening about these days is e commerce this paper is all about taking e commerce to the next level. In a survey (of Bi intelligence) it was found that the most used social networking app is Facebook messenger and what's app, which is basically online chatting applications. It's all about giving customers a reliable and easy platform of internet shopping to save their time and to make them feel better. From a study research it has been found that there are more than 2 billion Smartphone users in the world and they increasingly day by day are getting addicted to Smartphone and can't spend much time without them. And no wonder there is a growing interest in conversational commerce. Conversational commerce is an approach that puts conversations between brands and their customers at the heart of online customer's journey.
Project Financing: Asset-Based Financial Engineering (1996)

As an effective alternative to conventional direct financing, project financing has become one of the hottest topics in corporate finance. It's being used more and more frequently—and more successfully—on a wide variety of high-profile corporate projects, and has long been used to fund large-scale natural resource projects, from pipelines and refineries to electric-generating facilities and hydroelectric projects. But the challenges of successful project financing are immense, and the requirements of the process can easily be misunderstood. This newly updated edition of Project Financing takes you through the process step by step. Using actual examples and case studies—including Euro Disneyland and the Eurotunnel Project—that illustrate how to apply the analytical techniques described in the book, it covers the rationale for project financing, how to prepare the financial plan, assess the risks, design the financing mix, and raise the funds. John Finnerty draws on his vast experience in the field to detail each step of the process, describing the circumstances in which it is most likely to be advantageous, how to craft contractual arrangements to allocate risks and rewards among the interested parties, and how to deal with government, legal, tax, and financial issues. Finnerty has fully revised his original classic work to include up-to-date material on the rationale for project financing, assessing risk, security arrangements, legal structure and contract options, preparing the financial plan, estimating the borrowing capacity of a project, legal requirements, and much more. In addition, he has added completely new chapters that cover the role of financial institutions that finance large projects, analytical tools that are increasingly useful in capital budgeting, and techniques for hedging project risks. His latest research draws from the work of renowned Harvard researcher Benjamin C. Esty and illustrates in detail why some project financing plans have succeeded while others have failed. For corporate finance professionals, CFO's, financial analysts, project planners, and private investors, Project Financing, Second Edition demystifies the complexities of project financing and provides an invaluable guide for anyone who wants to master innovation in corporate finance today.
Determining Energy Expenditure From Treadmill Walking Using Hip-Worn Inertial Sensors: An Experimental Study (2011)

We describe an experimental study to estimate energy expenditure during treadmill walking using a single hip-mounted inertial sensor (triaxial accelerometer and triaxial gyroscope). Typical physical-activity characterization using commercial monitors use proprietary counts that do not have a physically interpretable meaning. This paper emphasizes the role of probabilistic techniques in conjunction with inertial data modeling to accurately predict energy expenditure for steady-state treadmill walking. We represent the cyclic nature of walking with a Fourier transform and show how to map this representation to energy expenditure (VO(2), mL/min) using three regression techniques. A comparative analysis of the accuracy of sensor streams in predicting energy expenditure reveals that using triaxial information leads to more accurate energy-expenditure prediction compared to only using one axis. Combining accelerometer and gyroscope information leads to improved accuracy compared to using either sensor alone. Nonlinear regression methods showed better prediction accuracy compared to linear methods but required an order of higher magnitude run time.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein-mediated Cell Fusion by a DL-Amino Acid-containing Fusion Peptide (2004)

The N-terminal fusion peptide (FP) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a potent inhibitor of cell-cell fusion, possibly because of its ability to recognize the corresponding segments inside the fusion complex within the membrane. Here we show that a fusion peptide in which the highly conserved Ile(4), Phe(8), Phe(11), and Ala(14) were replaced by their d-enantiomers (IFFA) is a potent inhibitor of cell-cell fusion. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that despite these drastic modifications, the peptide preserved most of its structure within the membrane. Fluorescence energy transfer studies demonstrated that the diastereomeric peptide interacted with the wild type FP, suggesting this segment as the target site for inhibition of membrane fusion. This is further supported by the similar localization of the wild type and IFFA FPs to microdomains in T cells and the preferred partitioning into ordered regions within sphingomyelin/phosphatidyl-choline/cholesterol giant vesicles. These studies provide insight into the mechanism of molecular recognition within the membrane milieu and may serve in designing novel HIV entry inhibitors.
Electronic Control of a Variable Geometry Turbocharger (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engineers have long known the advantages of using variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs) on automotive and heavy duty diesel engines. The control of a VGT requires sophisticated control schemes. Mechanical control of a VGT is very cumbersome and does not bring out all the advantages of using a VGT. Electronically controlling a VGT offers a better alternative. This paper explores the need to control a VGT; how to control a VGT; and the benefits of electronically controlling a VGT. A case study of the development of an electronic controller for a Schwitzer VGT is presented along with how an electronically controlled VGT is affecting the performance of a heavy duty diesel truck engine in the field.</div>
Cytochrome c550 in the Cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus (2004)

Cytochrome c(550) is one of the extrinsic Photosystem II subunits in cyanobacteria and red algae. To study the possible role of the heme of the cytochrome c(550) we constructed two mutants of Thermosynechococcus elongatus in which the residue His-92, the sixth ligand of the heme, was replaced by a Met or a Cys in order to modify the redox properties of the heme. The H92M and H92C mutations changed the midpoint redox potential of the heme in the isolated cytochrome by +125 mV and -30 mV, respectively, compared with the wild type. The binding-induced increase of the redox potential observed in the wild type and the H92C mutant was absent in the H92M mutant. Both modified cytochromes were more easily detachable from the Photosystem II compared with the wild type. The Photosystem II activity in cells was not modified by the mutations suggesting that the redox potential of the cytochrome c(550) is not important for Photosystem II activity under normal growth conditions. A mutant lacking the cytochrome c(550) was also constructed. It showed a lowered affinity for Cl(-) and Ca(2+) as reported earlier for the cytochrome c(550)-less Synechocystis 6803 mutant, but it showed a shorter lived S(2)Q(B)(-) state, rather than a stabilized S(2) state and rapid deactivation of the enzyme in the dark, which were characteristic of the Synechocystis mutant. It is suggested that the latter effects may be caused by loss (or weaker binding) of the other extrinsic proteins rather than a direct effect of the absence of the cytochrome c(550).
A robust and verifiable cryptographically secure election scheme (1985)

This paper describes a cryptographic scheme for holding a secure secret ballot election in which all communication is public. Voters cast their votes electronically, suitably encrypted, and a “government” releases a tally and a proof of its correctness which can be verified by all.
<i>In Vivo</i> Functional Evaluation of Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts Fabricated Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from High Cardiovascular Risk Populations (2016)

Many preclinical evaluations of autologous small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) utilize cells from healthy humans or animals. However, these models hold minimal relevance for clinical translation, as the main targeted demographic is patients at high cardiovascular risk such as individuals with diabetes mellitus or the elderly. Stem cells such as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) represent a clinically ideal cell type for TEVGs, as these can be easily and plentifully harvested and offer regenerative potential. To understand whether AD-MSCs sourced from diabetic and elderly donors are as effective as those from young nondiabetics (i.e., healthy) in the context of TEVG therapy, we implanted TEVGs constructed with human AD-MSCs from each donor type as an aortic interposition graft in a rat model. The key failure mechanism observed was thrombosis, and this was most prevalent in grafts using cells from diabetic patients. The remainder of the TEVGs was able to generate robust vascular-like tissue consisting of smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, collagen, and elastin. We further investigated a potential mechanism for the thrombotic failure of AD-MSCs from diabetic donors; we found that these cells have a diminished potential to promote fibrinolysis compared to those from healthy donors. Together, this study served as proof of concept for the development of a TEVG based on human AD-MSCs, illustrated the importance of testing cells from realistic patient populations, and highlighted one possible mechanistic explanation as to the observed thrombotic failure of our diabetic AD-MSC-based TEVGs.
Potential inhibitors from wet oxidation of wheat straw and their effect on ethanol production of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae:</i> Wet oxidation and fermentation by yeast (2003)

Alkaline wet oxidation (WO) (using water, 6.5 g/L sodium carbonate and 12 bar oxygen at 195 degrees C) was used as pretreatment method for wheat straw (60 g/L), resulting in a hydrolysate and a cellulosic solid fraction. The hydrolysate consisted of soluble hemicellulose (8 g/L), low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids (3.9 g/L), phenols (0.27 g/L = 1.7 mM) and 2-furoic acid (0.007 g/L). The wet oxidized wheat straw hydrolysate caused no inhibition of ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581. Nine phenols and 2-furoic acid, identified to be present in the hydrolysate, were each tested in concentrations of 50-100 times the concentration found in the hydrolysate for their effect on fermentation by yeast. At these high concentrations (10 mM), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and acetovanillone caused a 53-67% decrease in the volumetric ethanol productivity in S. cerevisiae compared to controls with an ethanol productivity of 3.8 g/L. The phenol acids (4-hydroxy, vanillic and syringic acid), 2-furoic acid, syringaldehyde and acetosyringone were less inhibitory, causing a 5-16% decrease in ethanol productivity. By adding the same aromatic compounds to hydrolysate (10 mM), it was shown that syringaldehyde and acetovanillone interacted negatively with hydrolysate components on the ethanol productivity. Fermentation in WO hydrolysate, that had been concentrated 6 times by freeze-drying, lasted 4 hours longer than in regular hydrolysate; however, the ethanol yield was the same. The longer fermentation time could not be explained by an inhibitory action of phenols alone, but was more likely caused by inhibitory interactions of phenols with carboxylic acids, such as acetic and formic acid.
Practical aspects of energy weighting in X-ray imaging (2005)

The technique of Energy Weighting takes advantage of the upcoming energy resolving properties of X-ray pixel detectors. It can improve the image quality (in terms of signal-to-noise ratio compared to integrating detectors) up to a factor of 1.5 as shown in [J. Giersch et al. (2003)]. The optimal weighting function depends on materials and thicknesses, but a good approximation is 1/E/sup 3/. In the presence of scattered radiation the usability of lower photon energies is limited. For this case we derived an adapted weighting function. Furthermore, we studied the influence of detector properties on the image quality improvement. Our results show that the energy bin size (i.e. number of energy channels) of the imaging system has a comparatively small impact on the benefit. Additionally, with optimised bin border positions, it is possible to achieve about 90% of maximum improvement with only three bins. To investigate the practical feasibility of Energy Weighting with present detectors, we used the Medipix2 in our X-ray setup. The Medipix2 is a photon counting hybrid pixel detector, which is in principle capable of energy sensitive X-ray measurements. By moving the thresholds together with the tube voltage we are able to take energy resolved images. Application of Energy Weighting results in SNR improvement in good agreement with theory. With Monte-Carlo simulations on computed tomography (CT) we are able to suppress spectral artifacts using Energy Weighting: an increased image quality without cupping artifacts can be achieved by applying the method after CT reconstruction for each energy bin.
Two dimensional VOPBA reveals laminin receptor (LAMR1) interaction with dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 (2005)

At least 3 of the 4 dengue serotypes interact with the 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor, LAMR1, which may be a common player in dengue virus-cell surface interaction.
Role of omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites in asthma and allergic diseases (2014)

Omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are found naturally in fish oil and are commonly thought to be anti-inflammatory nutrients, with protective effects in inflammatory diseases including asthma and allergies. The mechanisms of these effects remain mostly unknown but are of great interest for their potential therapeutic applications. Large numbers of epidemiological and observational studies investigating the effect of fish intake or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adulthood on asthmatic and allergic outcomes have been conducted. They mostly indicate protective effects and suggest a causal relationship between decreased intake of fish oil in modernized diets and an increasing number of individuals with asthma or other allergic diseases. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM: protectins, resolvins, and maresins) are generated from omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA via several enzymatic reactions. These mediators counter-regulate airway eosinophilic inflammation and promote the resolution of inflammation in vivo. Several reports have indicated that the biosynthesis of SPM is impaired, especially in severe asthma, which suggests that chronic inflammation in the lung might result from a resolution defect. This article focuses on the beneficial aspects of omega-3 fatty acids and offers recent insights into their bioactive metabolites including resolvins and protectins.
Combined transgenic expression of ?12-desaturase and ?12-epoxygenase in high linoleic acid seeds leads to increased accumulation of vernolic acid (2006)

The transgenic production of unusual fatty acids in oil seed crops offers an alternative, renewable resource for industry. However, transgenic expression of genes catalysing the synthesis of unusual fatty acids has generally resulted in these fatty acids accumulating at levels significantly below the levels in the wild species from which the genes were sourced. This study reports expression of additional copies of any of three Δ12-desaturase genes (FAD2) from Crepis palaestina Bornm., cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with C. palaestina Δ12-epoxygenase gene (Cpal2), in an Arabidopsis mutant having a significantly higher level of linoleic acid substrate. This resulted in the highest levels of vernolic acid accumulation, 21% of total fatty acids, reported so far in any transgenic plant expressing the Δ12-epoxygenase. Similarly, the co-expression of C. palaestina Cpal2 and a transgenic copy of FAD2 in cotton seed that contains large amounts of linoleic acid substrate also resulted in greater accumulation of vernolic acid in seed than did expression of C. palaestina Cpal2 alone.
Stretchable Parylene-C electrodes enabled by serpentine structures on arbitrary elastomers by silicone rubber adhesive (2019)

The delicate serpentine structures are widely used in high-performance stretchable electronics over the past decade. The metal interconnects encapsulated in biocompatible polymer Parylene-C film is a superior choice for long-term implantation in vivo, especially as neural interface to acquire electrophysiological signals or apply electrical stimulation. To avoid the physical contact damages from the neural tissues such as the brain or peripheral nerves, serpentine interconnects are utilized as stretchable electrodes and usually bonded to the soft elastomer substrate. The adhesion strength between the serpentine interconnects and the elastomer substrate becomes a considerable issue to ensure reliability and structural integrity. In this paper, the stretchable Parylene-C electrodes can be transfer printed onto arbitrary elastomer substrates by a thin layer of silicone rubber adhesive with low modulus for electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording. Mechanical simulation of serpentine structures consisting of same periodic arcs and different straight segments is investigated by uniaxial stretching. Then, the elastic stretchability of serpentine electrodes is further studied by simulation and experiments. After 5000 repetitive stretching cycles, the electrochemical impedance of microelectrodes remains in steady states. These results prove that the silicone rubber adhesive facilitates the interfacial bonding in the structure of stretchable electrodes as the compliant and reliable neural interface.
Oligomeric flavanoids. Part 16. Novel prorobinetinidins and the first A-type proanthocyanidin with a 5-deoxy A- and a 3,4-cis C-ring from the maiden investigation of commercial wattle bark extract (1993)

Structural examination of the phenolic metabolites of commercially used wattle bark extract reveals the presence of a range of novel flavanoids comprising (–)-epirobinetinidol 1, the first C-methyl proanthocyanidin, (–)-fisetinidol-(4α,8)-6-methyl-(+)-catechin 3, the first prorobinetinidins with 3,4-cis C-ring configurations 7 and 9, and the unique A-type prorobinetinidin 11 representing the first entry amongst this class of oligoflavanoids exhibiting a 5-deoxy A- and a 3,4-cis C-ring. They are accompanied by a range of functionalized prorobinetinidin -type tetrahydropyrano[2,3-f]chromenes 20, 23, 25 and 28 and the trimeric ‘isomerization-intermediate’32, all exhibiting the characteristic structural features that are essential for the use of ‘Mimosa’ extract in cold-setting adhesives and leather-tanning applications. In addition, evidence demonstrating that the dynamic A-E conformational equilibrium of flavan-3-ol moieties in condensed tannins may be influenced by external factors is presented.