gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient phrase querying with an auxiliary index (2002)

Search engines need to evaluate queries extremely fast, a challenging task given the vast quantities of data being indexed. A significant proportion of the queries posed to search engines involve phrases. In this paper we consider how phrase queries can be efficiently supported with low disk overheads. Previous research has shown that phrase queries can be rapidly evaluated using nextword indexes, but these indexes are twice as large as conventional inverted files. We propose a combination of nextword indexes with inverted files as a solution to this problem. Our experiments show that combined use of an auxiliary nextword index and a conventional inverted file allow evaluation of phrase queries in half the time required to evaluate such queries with an inverted file alone, and the space overhead is only 10% of the size of the inverted file. Further time savings are available with only slight increases in disk requirements.
Unexpected toxicity from radiation therapy in two patients with Kaposi's sarcoma receiving interferon. (1985)

Two homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immune deficiency received radiation therapy to the oral mucosa while treatment with recombinant leukocyte A interferon was being given systemically at a dose of 36 million units. Symptoms of radiation mucositis developed after the administration of 900 rad in the first patient and 1,050 rad in the second patient. Radiation therapy had to be stopped after doses of 1,100 and 2,100 rad, respectively, had been given. Both patients had to be admitted to the hospital for supportive care and the second patient required placement of a feeding tube. To our knowledge, no other clinical observations suggesting interactions of radiation therapy and interferon have been reported. We discuss the results of experiments with cultured cells and experimental animals which suggest that such interactions occur and may be successfully exploited therapeutically.
A fast and accurate method of redesigning analog subcircuits for technology scaling (2002)

In this paper, we present an efficient approach for technology scaling of MOS analog circuits by using circuit optimization techniques. Our new method is based on matching equivalent circuit parameters between a previously designed circuit and the circuit undergoing redesign. This method has been applied to an MOS operational amplifier. We were able to produce a redesigned circuit with almost the same performance in under 4 hours, making this method 5 times more efficient than conventional methods.
Effect of predigested fat on intestinal stimulation of plasma cholecystokinin and gall bladder motility in coeliac disease. (1995)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) release and gall bladder emptying in response to a fatty meal are completely abolished in coeliac disease. To determine the effect of lipid digestion on CCK release and gall bladder motility, six patients with untreated coeliac disease and a flat jejunal mucosa were studied on two separate days. After an overnight fast, the plasma CCK concentration and gall bladder volume were measured before and at regular intervals after the intraduodenal instillation of 60 ml corn oil (triglycerides) incubated with 40 ml saline or with 40 ml bile and pancreatic juice. The mean (SEM) concentration of free fatty acids in the aqueous phase of corn oil after incubation with bile and pancreatic juice (predigested corn oil) was 78 (35) mM compared with 0.1 (0.1) mM in the aqueous phase of corn oil incubated with saline (undigested corn oil). Integrated plasma CCK in response to predigested corn oil was significantly greater than that in response to undigested corn oil (101 (18) pM. 80 min v-2 (9) pM.80 min; p < 0.005). Similarly, integrated gall bladder contraction in response to predigested corn oil was significantly larger than that after undigested corn oil (817 (210) ml. 80 min v-225 (243) ml. 80 min; p < 0.05). In contrast to undigested corn oil, corn oil that has been predigested with bile and pancreatic juice induces plasma CCK secretion and gall bladder contraction in patients with untreated coeliac disease, presumably by generating and rendering soluble lipolytic products.
Mesenchymal progenitor cells in adult human dental pulp and their ability to form bone when transplanted into immunocompromised mice (2007)

The technique of tissue engineering is developing for the restoration of lost tissues. This new technique requires cells that fabricate tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow have been used as the cell source for this technique; however, dental pulp cells have recently been shown to possess stem-cell-like properties. We earlier demonstrated that dental pulp cells proliferate and produce an extracellular matrix that subsequently becomes mineralized in vitro. We now report that such dental pulp cells (first to eighth passage) produced bone instead of dentin when those cells were implanted into subcutaneous sites in immunocompromised mice with HA/TCP powder as their carrier. This evidence shows that dental pulp cells are the common progenitors of odontoblasts and osteoblasts, or dental pulp cells are mesenchymal stem cells themselves. It is expected that dental pulp cells can be a useful candidate cell source for tissue engineering, and contain the potential of new therapeutic approaches for the restoration of damaged or diseased tissue.
Solution-Processed Inorganic Solar Cell Based on in Situ Synthesis and Film Deposition of CuInS<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals (2009)

A novel, reproducible, and simple solution-based process for the fabrication of CuInS(2) absorber layers and CdS buffer layers for photovoltaics is presented. In this process, a precursor solution is deposited on a substrate, after which sintered NCs are formed in situ at temperatures as low as 250 degrees C. Solar cell efficiencies of up to 4% have been demonstrated using this novel fabrication method.
Real-time Experiment Interface for biological control applications (2010)

The Real-time Experiment Interface (RTXI) is a fast and versatile real-time biological experimentation system based on Real-Time Linux. RTXI is open source and free, can be used with an extensive range of experimentation hardware, and can be run on Linux or Windows computers (when using the Live CD). RTXI is currently used extensively for two experiment types: dynamic patch clamp and closed-loop stimulation pattern control in neural and cardiac single cell electrophysiology. RTXI includes standard plug-ins for implementing commonly used electrophysiology protocols with synchronized stimulation, event detection, and online analysis. These and other user-contributed plug-ins can be found on the website (http://www.rtxi.org).
Coherence between cerebellar thalamus, cortex and muscle in man: Cerebellar thalamus interactions (2000)

Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in seven unanaesthetized patients between the four adjacent contacts of a macroelectrode stereotactically implanted for the treatment of tremor. The LFPs were presumed to arise predominantly from the nucleus ventralis intermedius (Vim) of the thalamus, the implantation target. They were recorded simultaneously with the ipsilateral EEG and contralateral EMG during an isometric contraction or at rest. The patients had a history of either isolated tremor (essential tremor, n = 2; benign tremulous Parkinson's disease, n = 1) or tremor with signs of a cerebellar syndrome (multiple sclerosis, n = 3; essential tremor and ataxia, n = 1), although clinical tremor was absent at the time of recording because of a temporary microthalamotomy effect in four patients. In patients with isolated tremor, oscillatory activity picked up by contacts in Vim (cerebellar thalamus) was invariably coherent with that in the sensorimotor cortex or contracting muscle in the 8-27 Hz range. Such coherence was absent in two of the four subjects with tremor associated with a cerebellar syndrome. Coherence between LFPs recorded from more caudally placed contacts and the sensorimotor cortex or contracting muscle was negligible in all patients. These caudally placed contacts demonstrated the highest sensory evoked potential in response to median nerve stimulation. Oscillatory activity in the cerebellar thalamus (Vim) lagged behind that in both cortex and muscle. Coherent activity between the cerebellar thalamus (Vim) and the cortex persisted at rest. It is suggested that rhythmicities in the 8-27 Hz range could provide the basis for a temporal framework that is widely distributed within the motor system.
Distribution transformer size optimization by forecasting customer electricity load (2009)

For power utilities, determining an efficient transformer size for a power customer is a challenge depending on the many different specifications of the structure or area being developed by the client. Supplying a transformer much larger than necessary to a customer adds capital costs to a project, as well as increased future costs of transformer losses. Under-sizing a transformer for a client leads to reliability issues and an unsatisfied customer. Analysis shows the financial benefits of accurately sizing transformers, based on a study conducted on a group of three-phase pad-mounted transformers at Black Hills Power Utility in Rapid City, SD. By researching existing customer electricity use, a method of forecasting electricity load is developed and applied.
DX Deep Centers in Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As Grown by Liquid-Phase Epitaxy (1984)

Deep levels, the so-called DX centers, in the Al x Ga 1- x As alloy system grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) were investigated by junction-capacitance spectroscopy. The dependence of the activation energy of the DX center in Sn-doped Al x Ga 1- x As on the alloy composition was determined by DLTS. This dependence seems to reflect the change in the nature of the conduction bands in this alloy system. The other donor species studied: Si, Te and Se, were also found to form DX centers. An anomalously high concentration of DX centers was determined using low-temperature C - V techniques.
Etude de la différenciation terminale des cellules NK basée sur différents modèles cliniques : rôle du CD16, NKG2A, NKG2C et des KIRs (2010)

Les cellules NK sont des lymphocytes, appartenant au systeme immunitaire inne, impliquees dans la lutte contre le cancer et les maladies infectieuses. Au cours de cette these nous avons realise une etude de la reconstitution de la population NK en sortie de greffe de sang placentaire, ou l’on suppose qu’elles jouent un role preponderant dans la lutte contre la leucemie. Les donnees recueillies chez des patients en sortie de greffe de sang placentaire, couplees a de nombreuses experiences complementaires realisees in vitro, nous ont permis d’etablir un modele de differenciation des cellules NK base sur l’expression des marqueurs CD16, NKG2A et KIRs. L’expression du CD16 est un phenomene precoce marquant l’acquisition d’un plein potentiel cytotoxique. La perte de NKG2A associe a l’acquisition des KIRs marque une etape clef de maturation phenotypique et fonctionnelle puisque les cellules CD56dimNKG2A-KIR+ qui en resultent ont comme caracteristique majeure la capacite de repondre a des cibles HLA-E+. Ce phenomene etant potentiellement important dans le controle des infections virales, nous avons etendu nos travaux aux infections VHC et VHB qui sont associees a l’augmentation d’une population CD56dimNKG2A-KIR+NKG2C+. Cette sous-population presente un phenotype de cellules tres matures et est fortement polyfonctionnelle, notamment contre des cibles recouvertes d’anticorps ou exprimant HLA-E. Nous montrons par ailleurs que cette sous-population est eduquee car selectionnee sur la base des HLA-I du soi. En conclusion, ce travail nous permet de proposer un modele de differenciation terminale des cellules NK sur la base de leur evolution phenotypique et fonctionnelle
Scale and projection invariant pattern recognition (1989)

A logarithmic-logarithmic coordinate transformation is used to perform successfully scale and projection (tilt) invariant optical pattern recognition. The coordinate transformation is achieved optically using a computer generated hologram divided into four different quadrants since the logarithmic function does not exist for negative values of the argument. The transformed pattern is introduced into a VanderLugt correlator setup through a liquid crystal light valve. Initial experimental results are presented.
Design and mathematical description of differential contactors used in extractive fermentations (1988)

The performance of differential contactors for use in extractive fermentation is complicated by the effects of product formation in the contactor. When product formation is significant, approximate analytical solutions are presented for the performance of the contactor for two limiting cases: high and low substrate concentrations. When products are formed at a constant rate, there is a minimum raffinate solute concentration that can be obtained, in contrast to the behavior of a column in the absence of product formation. General equations describing the behavior of the system for product formation with backmixing in both phases are presented. The case of a stripping factor not equal to unity is considered.
Panitumumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (2007)

Panitumumab given weekly was well tolerated and had single-agent activity in previously treated patients with colorectal cancer. Dermatologic toxicity was common but rarely severe. Ongoing studies will determine panitumumab activity earlier in the course of treatment for colorectal cancer and in combination with other antineoplastic agents.
Processing in the pestivirus E2-NS2 region: identification of proteins p7 and E2p7 (1996)

The pestivirus genome encodes a single polyprotein which is subject to co- and posttranslational processing by cellular and viral proteases. The map positions of all virus-encoded proteins are known with the exception of a hypothetical peptide (p?) which interlinks the glycoprotein E2 and the nonstructural protein NS2-3 approximately between amino acid positions 1060 and 1130. Expression studies with recombinant vaccinia viruses bearing a set of C-terminally truncated E2-p?-NS2-encoding sequences derived from a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain led to the identification of a minor fraction of E2 which had an increased molecular mass due to a C-terminal extension. This larger form of E2 (E2p7) was specifically recognized by an antiserum raised against the amino acid sequence from 1065 to 1125. In addition, the antibodies revealed a BVDV-encoded 7-kDa protein (p7) in infected cells. By radiosequencing it was determined that Val-1067 was the N-terminal amino acid of in vitro-synthesized p7. Analyses of BVDV and classical swine fever virus virions suggest that neither p7 nor E2p7 is a major structural constituent.
Growth Hormone Response to Electrical Muscle Stimulation (2007)

Background & Purpose: GH secretion declines with aging, starting from the third decade of life. High-intensity anaerobic exercise is an important factor in stimulating the physiological secretion of Growth Hormone. Using an Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) device with a special wave form based on a frequency of 2700 Hz mixing randomly with low to high frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz; which can contribute the effects mimic the resistant exercises (RE), thus the maximal isometric contractions without skin irritation or discomfort. The trunk and extremities muscles were stimulated which results in significant elevation of serum GH. 5 middle aged male with good health condition were participated. Methods: The trunk and extremities muscle were selected for strong stimulation with 6 seconds on and 1 second off for a total of 20 minutes. Blood samples were taken, one was right before the EMS, and the second sample was taken after the EMS. Serum was assayed for Growth Hormone, serum lactate, CPK, and LDH. Results: The serum Growth Hormone level was significantly elevated, ranging from 10 to 60 folds of the basal level. Conclusion: The Authors concluded that effectively stimulating the inner muscles with strong intensities by any means could elevate the serum GH.
A Watershed‐scale Assessment of Cost‐Effectiveness of Sediment Abatement with Flow Diversion Terraces (2010)

Soil conservation beneficial management practices (BMPs) are effective at controlling soil loss from farmlands and minimizing water pollution in agricultural watersheds. However, costs associated with implementing and maintaining these practices are high and often deter farmers from using them. Consequently, it is necessary to conduct cost-benefit analysis of BMP implementation to assist decision-makers with planning to provide the greatest level of environmental protection with limited resources and funding. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of flow diversion terraces (FDT) in abating sediment yield at the outlet of Black Brook Watershed (BBW), northwestern New Brunswick. Different FDT-implementation scenarios were expressed as the ratio of land area protected by FDT to the total cultivated area. From this analysis, we found that average annual sediment yield decreased exponentially with increased FDT protection. When the proportion of FDT-protected areas was low, sediment reductions caused by FDT increased sharply with increasing use of FDT. Similarly, marginal sediment yield abatement costs (dollar per tonne of sediment reduction) increased exponentially with increasing proportion of FDT-protected area. The results indicated that increasing land protection with FDT from 6 to 50% would result in a reduction of about 2.1 tonne ha(-1) yr(-1) and costs of sediment reduction increased from $7 to $12 per tonne. Increasing FDT-protected cropland from 50 to 100%, a reduction of about 0.9 tonne of sediment ha(-1) yr(-1) would occur and the costs would increase from $12 to $53 per tonne of sediment yield reduction.
A Study of Aliphatic Polyurethane Elastomers Prepared from Diisocyanate Isomer Mixtures (1985)

Abstract Linear polyurethane elastomers are block copolymers which are elastomeric because they are phase separated. The soft block is derived from a hydroxy terminated telechelic polymer, frequently a polyether or polyester of a molecular weight less than 3000 and a glass transition temperature well below room temperature. The hard block, having a T g above room temperature, consists of a diisocyanate and a diol. Most frequently the diisocyanate is aromatic and the diol is 1,4-butanediol. The elastomers produced are frequently opaque and then yellow in storage due to the presence of the aromatic rings. For applications where transparency and nonyellowing are important, aliphatic diisocyanates are the compounds of choice. One such diisocyanate is methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl-isocyanate), which is conveniently called H 12 MDI. It is prepared from the same diamine as methylene dianiline diisocyanate (MDI), but the aromatic rings are hydrogenated before phosgenation. The hydrogenation leads to a mixture of three aliphatic diamine isomers. Phosgenation leads to a diisocyanate which is a mixture of the three isomers shown in Figure 1. The isomer content is adjusted by the manufacturer, and the product received is a liquid. Another example of a diisocyanate which is marketed as a mixture is toluene diisocyanate, an 80:20 mixture of the 2,4:2,6 isomers being the most common. The aromatic diisocyanates are planar molecules or bent planar molecules like MDI. The H 12 MDI is also bent, but does not contain planar rings. Even if polymers from one pure diisocyanate isomer are examined, the cycloaliphatic compounds are much less likely to form highly ordered or crystalline regions in the hard-segment phase due to the greater difficulty in packing correctly. A desire to know the isomer composition of the diisocyanate and what effect the isomer composition has on the properties of the elastomers led to this study. Mixtures of the isomers varying from approximately 10% of the trans-trans isomer up to 95% ( t-t ) have been prepared and the properties of polyurethanes prepared from them have been studied.
Significant material property differences between the porcine ascending aorta and aortic sinuses. (2008)

Both, the ascending aorta and aortic sinuses demonstrated anisotropy, with the circumferential direction stiffer than the longitudinal. However, the aortic sinuses were significantly stiffer than the ascending aorta. Finite-element modeling of the aortic root should incorporate such critical differences in the material properties.
Inhibition of G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels by the Antidepressant Paroxetine (2006)

Paroxetine is commonly used as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms of the paroxetine effects have not yet been sufficiently clarified. Using Xenopus oocyte expression assays, we investigated the effects of paroxetine on G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels, which play an important role in reducing neuronal excitability in most brain regions and the heart rate. In oocytes injected with mRNAs for GIRK1/GIRK2, GIRK2, or GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits, paroxetine reversibly reduced inward currents through the expressed GIRK channels. The inhibition was concentration-dependent, but voltage-independent and time-independent during each voltage pulse. However, two structurally different antidepressants: milnacipran and trazodone, caused only a small inhibition of basal GIRK currents. Additionally, Kir1.1 and Kir2.1 channels were insensitive to all of the antidepressants. Furthermore, the GIRK currents induced by activation of A1 adenosine receptors or by ethanol were inhibited by extracellularly applied paroxetine in a concentration-dependent manner, but not affected by intracellularly applied paroxetine. Our results suggest that inhibition of GIRK channels by paroxetine may contribute partly to some of its therapeutic effects and adverse side effects.
Andreev reflection from noncentrosymmetric superconductors and Majorana bound-state generation in half-metallic ferromagnets (2011)

We study Andreev reflection at an interface between a half metal and a superconductor with spin-orbit interaction. While the absence of minority carriers in the half metal makes singlet Andreev reflection impossible, the spin-orbit interaction gives rise to triplet Andreev reflection (i.e., the reflection of a majority electron into a majority hole or vice versa). As an application of our calculation, we consider a thin half-metal film or wire laterally attached to a superconducting contact. If the half metal is disorder free, an excitation gap is opened that is proportional to the spin-orbit interaction strength in the superconductor. For electrons with energy below this gap a lateral half-metal--superconductor contact becomes a perfect triplet Andreev reflector. We show that the system supports localized Majorana end states in this limit.
Prevention of Cerebrospinal Fistulae and Reduction of Epidural Scar with New Surgical Hemostat Device in a Porcine Laminectomy Model (2003)

CoStasis and Tissucol have comparable effectiveness in sealing CSF leaks immediately and at 3 weeks after complete laminectomy. CoStasis demonstrated comparable performance to Tissucol with less epidural scar formation than primary suture alone.