gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Expression of Neurokinin 1 Receptors on Mast Cells Induced by IL-4 and Stem Cell Factor (2003)

It is widely accepted that neurokinin 1 (NK(1)) receptors are not generally expressed on mast cells but little is known about their expression in inflammation. The present study shows expression of NK(1) receptors on bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) under the influence of IL-4 or stem cell factor (SCF). Highest expression was found when both cytokines are present. Six days of coculture with the cytokines IL-4 and SCF showed significant expression of NK(1) receptors (NK(1) receptor(+)/c-kit(+) BMMC; control: 7%, IL-4/SCF: 16%), while 12 days of cytokine coculture increased this expression to 37% positive cells. A longer coculture with IL-4 and SCF did not give an additional effect. Increased expression in IL-4/SCF-treated BMMC was further confirmed using Western blot analysis. Next, we demonstrated the functional relevance of NK(1) receptor expression for mast cell activation, resulting in an enhanced degranulation upon stimulation by substance P. BMMC activation was significantly diminished by the NK(1) receptor antagonist RP67580 (10 micro M) when stimulated with low concentrations of substance P. The inactive enantiomer RP65681 had no effect. In addition, BMMC cultured from bone marrow of NK(1) receptor knockout mice showed significantly decreased exocytosis to low concentrations of substance P. The present study clearly shows that NK(1) receptor-induced activation contributes significantly at low physiological substance P concentrations (<100 micro M). In conclusion, BMMC were shown to express NK(1) receptors upon IL-4/SCF coculture. This expression of NK(1) receptors has been demonstrated to be of functional relevance and leads to an increase in the sensitivity of BMMC to substance P.
Geographic Gossip: Efficient Averaging for Sensor Networks (2008)

Gossip algorithms for distributed computation are attractive due to their simplicity, distributed nature, and robustness in noisy and uncertain environments. However, using standard gossip algorithms can lead to a significant waste of energy by repeatedly recirculating redundant information. For realistic sensor network model topologies like grids and random geometric graphs, the inefficiency of gossip schemes is related to the slow mixing times of random walks on the communication graph. We propose and analyze an alternative gossiping scheme that exploits geographic information. By utilizing geographic routing combined with a simple resampling method, we demonstrate substantial gains over previously proposed gossip protocols. For regular graphs such as the ring or grid, our algorithm improves standard gossip by factors of n and radicn, respectively. For the more challenging case of random geometric graphs, our algorithm computes the true average to accuracy e using O((n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.5</sup> radiclogn) logisin <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) radio transmissions, which yields a radicn/ log n factor improvement over standard gossip algorithms. We illustrate these theoretical results with experimental comparisons between our algorithm and standard methods as applied to various classes of random fields.
Electrostatic Control of Aromatic Stacking Interactions (2005)

A supramolecular approach has been used to investigate the free energies of intermolecular aromatic stacking interactions. Chemical double mutant cycles have been used to measure the effect of a range of substituents on face-to-face stacking interactions with phenyl and pentafluorophenyl rings. Electrostatic effects dominate the trends in interaction energy.
WiFi-Based Real-Time Calibration-Free Passive Human Motion Detection (2015)

With the rapid development of WLAN technology, wireless device-free passive human detection becomes a newly-developing technique and holds more potential to worldwide and ubiquitous smart applications. Recently, indoor fine-grained device-free passive human motion detection based on the PHY layer information is rapidly developed. Previous wireless device-free passive human detection systems either rely on deploying specialized systems with dense transmitter-receiver links or elaborate off-line training process, which blocks rapid deployment and weakens system robustness. In the paper, we explore to research a novel fine-grained real-time calibration-free device-free passive human motion via physical layer information, which is independent of indoor scenarios and needs no prior-calibration and normal profile. We investigate sensitivities of amplitude and phase to human motion, and discover that phase feature is more sensitive to human motion, especially to slow human motion. Aiming at lightweight and robust device-free passive human motion detection, we develop two novel and practical schemes: short-term averaged variance ratio (SVR) and long-term averaged variance ratio (LVR). We realize system design with commercial WiFi devices and evaluate it in typical multipath-rich indoor scenarios. As demonstrated in the experiments, our approach can achieve a high detection rate and low false positive rate.
ESP Projects, English as a global language, and the challenge of change (2012)

The article reviews a number of key ESP Projects over the last 40 years and\nmakes some predictions for the future of ESP and its link with developments in\ntransnational education. The author describes the political and economic\nconditions behind the spread of English as a global language which in turn are\ndriving the development of ESP programmes and projects. He makes a plea for\na greater awareness of the systemic contextual aspects of ESP programmes and\nbelieves that ESP Project implementation can be made more successful by\napplying aspects of educational innovation theory.
A semiconductor preionizer for transversely excited atmospheric CO2 lasers (1982)

A novel preionizing system is described, using a semiconductor element. The mode of operation is described with experimental verification. Transversely excited atmospheric pressure laser performance using this system is compared with other published results.
Storage and transport of heart and heart-lung donor organs with inflatable cushions and eutectoid cooling. (1988)

A system that uses a chemical method of cooling has been developed for the storage and transport of heart and heart-lung donor organs. This provides a precisely controlled environmental temperature without the use of ice, with its attendant problems of availability and potential contamination with pathogens. Storage and preservation solutions are transported to the donor hospital within the temperature-controlled polyurethane container, and the organs are returned in the same container, within an inflatable cushion. We have used this method for the distant procurement of over 260 hearts and for the most recent 30 heart-lung organ blocks. The mean ischemic time for hearts is 2.5 hours (1.5 to 4.2 hours) and for heart-lung blocks 2.2 hours (1.2 to 4.1 hours). Most donors give multiple organs such as kidney, liver, and pancreas. One patient received heart and kidney grafts from the same donor, and another received combined heart-lung and liver grafts. In relation to primary donor organ failure, there have been four deaths of patients who have had heart transplantations and no deaths of patients who received heart-lung organ blocks. We believe that the method offers advantages over the more conventional methods of organ storage with regard to convenience, temperature control, and sterility.
On the Problem of Moral Evaluation (1976)

When investigating the problem of moral evaluation, we encounter the following questions: At what specific point does the element of moral judgment become associated with the process of reflection of reality? Where does the phase of cognition that is indifferent in the moral sense terminate? and When does the sensory level of cognition also become morally significant?
A new assay for rheumatoid factor. (1984)

This solid-phase immunoassay for detection of rheumatoid factor involves a specially prepared indium surface that renders protein layers visible and therefore does not require tagged protein. Using appropriate discriminatory values, we found agreement with results of a standard latex-fixation test in controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. About half of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis that were seronegative by this latex fixation test had positive tests by the present assay. Rheumatoid factor of both the IgM and IgA class may be easily assessed.
The regularity series of a Cauchy space (1984)

This study extends the notion of regularity series from convergence spaces to Cauchy spaces, and includes an investigation of related topics such as that T 2 and T 3 modifications of a Cauchy space and their behavior relative to certain types of quotient maps. These concepts are applied to obtain a new characterization of Cauchy spaces which have T 3 completions.
Successive Interference Cancellation: Carving Out MAC Layer Opportunities (2012)

Successive interference cancellation (SIC) is a PHY capability that allows a receiver to decode packets that arrive simultaneously. While the technique is well known in communications literature, emerging software radio platforms are making practical experimentation feasible. This motivates us to study the extent of throughput gains possible with SIC from a MAC layer perspective and scenarios where such gains are worth pursuing. We find that contrary to our initial expectation, the gains are not high when the bits of interfering signals are not known a priori to the receiver. Moreover, we observe that the scope for SIC gets squeezed by the advances in bitrate adaptation. In particular, our analysis shows that interfering one-to-one transmissions benefit less from SIC than scenarios with many-to-one transmissions (such as when clients upload data to a common access point). In view of this, we develop an SIC-aware scheduling algorithm that employs client pairing and power reduction to extract the most gains from SIC. We believe that our findings will be useful guidelines for moving forward with SIC-aware protocol research.
Hydrophobically modified starch using long-chain fatty acids for preparation of nanosized starch particles (2011)

An efficient method for synthesis of hydrophobically modified starch without using organic solvents is described. The esterification of starch was performed with long chain fatty acid chlorides (C8, C12, C16), in two steps. In the first step, native starch was dispersed in an alkali reaction medium, and in the second step, it was treated for esterification. Finally, hydrophobic starch esters were obtained with moderate degrees of substitution (DS-values < 0.45). The reactivity of corn and potato starches under the same reaction conditions was also studied. The chemical structural determinations of the obtained products were investigated using common spectroscopy methods, such as FTIR and 1H NMR spectra. Starch nanoparticles and nanodispersion solutions were prepared via a dialysis method. The particle size distribution of the nanoparticles was determined using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer in an aqueous dispersion. The morphology investigation of the starch and the grafted starch nanoparticles was performed using SEM after freeze drying.
A Study on the Present Status of Constitutional Medical Care Service (2006)

1. Objects The objectives of this study were to examine the present state of Oriental clinical service based on Constitutional medicine and to make an accurate estimate of it’s scale after 10 years. 2. Methods The data for this study were collected from a questionnaire survey to 319 Traditional Korean Medical doctors who were selected as random samples. And this questionnaire is consist of several inquiries related with management and application of constitutional medicine. 3. Results and Conclusions The major results of this survey are following: l. The 52.8% facilities of all Oriental medical centers and Clinics in the whole country are applying Constitutional medicine for treating patients. 2. The 24.8% persons of all health workers are engaged in Constitutional clinical service. 3. The proportion of sales by Constitutional clinical services to the total sales by Traditional clinical service is 23.5% in 2005. 4. The proportion of application to medical care insurance by Constitutional clinical service is 17.9% of all amounts After taking these results into consideration, the sales of Constitutional clinical service now are estimated to make up 23.8% percent of the total traditional medical service and the amount of it’s sales after 10 years is expected to increase up to 3.6 times as much as the current quantity.
Carotenoids found in<i>Bacillus</i> (2009)

This study demonstrates that pigmented bacilli are ubiquitous and contain new carotenoid biosynthetic pathways that may have industrial importance.
Improving CMOS open defect coverage using hazard activated tests (2014)

Recent studies indicate that a significant number of very large delay faults that increase circuit path delays several fold, remain difficult to detect and are only discovered by very carefully crafted and comprehensive two-pattern tests, e.g. cell aware tests. A likely source of such large delays in CMOS is stuck-open faults. These can sometimes still allow the circuit to reach the correct logic values through the charging of the floating node by small leakage currents in the circuit, although with large delays. It is well known that many open defects are not covered by commonly employed TDF launch on capture (LOC) scan delay tests; the coverage of specially generated transistor stuck-open tests published in the literature is only modestly better. It is commonly assumed that such undetected open faults are benign because the circuit states needed to activate them cannot be reached in normal functional operation. However, traditional test generation only considers final “steady state” signal values and ignores transients. In practice CMOS circuits experience many more transient states from the large number of hazards that occur during switching transitions. Many undetected open defects can be activated by such hazards during normal operation and cause a functional error. Such open faults must be detected by tests targeting low DPPMs. In this paper we present an ATPG based delay test methodology to target a key class of such hazard activated open faults that are not detected by traditional stuck open tests. Through detailed SPICE simulations, we show that the detected open defects can in fact be activated by such tests and therefore result in erroneous outputs in normal functional operation.
Induction of high level IL-2 production in CD4+8- T helper lymphocytes requires post-thymic development (1991)

Triggering of the CD3:TCR complex by optimal concentrations of anti-CD3, anti-TCR beta-chain, and allogeneic stimulator cells induced dramatically higher levels (fivefold for anti-CD3, greater than 10-fold for anti-TCR beta-chain, 84-fold for alloantigen) of IL-2 production in spleen CD4+8- T cells than their thymic counterparts, despite comparable levels of CD3 and TCR beta-chain expression. The nature of the reduced IL-2 production was examined by analysis of anti-CD3-induced IL-2 production at the single cell level. The frequency of IL-2-producing cells in spleen CD4+8- T cells (40.0%) was approximately threefold that of thymus CD4+8- T cells (14.5%). Furthermore, the average IL-2 levels among positive IL-2 producers was also approximately threefold higher in spleen CD4+8- T cells than their thymic counterparts. Adoptive transfer of purified Thy-1.2+ CD4+8- T cells into Thy-1.1-congenic hosts provided a physiologic and histocompatible system that enabled identification of transferred donor (Thy-1.2+) among a sea of host (Thy-1.2-) CD4+ T cells, whose immune function with respect to IL-2 inducibility was examined after isolation by electronic cell sorting. Donor CD4+ T cells thus isolated from host spleen shortly (1 day) after i.v. transfer of thymus CD4+8- T cells were similar to freshly isolated thymus CD4+8- T cells in that they both produced little IL-2 in response to anti-CD3. However, by day 3 post-transfer, IL-2 production by donor CD4+8- T cells had more than doubled and by day 8, they produced IL-2 levels comparable to those of host spleen CD4+8- T cells. A similar acquisition of high level IL-2 inducibility in thymus CD4+8- T cells upon i.v. transfer into Thy-1.1-congenic hosts was also observed using allogeneic cells as the stimulus of IL-2 production. When thymus CD4+8- T cells were intra-thymically transferred into Thy-1.1-congenic hosts, those donor cells that emigrated to the periphery became high IL-2 producers in a time-dependent manner, whereas those that remained inside the thymus showed no signs of up-regulation in IL-2 inducibility. Intrathymic transfer of CD4-8- thymocytes revealed that the most recent thymic emigrant CD4+8- T cells contained few IL-2-producing cells and were not functionally mature with respect to high level IL-2 inducibility.
Class of undetectable stuck-open branches in CMOS memory elements (1992)

The paper considers a class of undetectable stuck-open faults in CMOS circuit branches and shows that in basic static latch and flipflop circuits some branches are of this class. Moreover, undetectable stuck-open faults in transistors reported in recent works pertain to this class. It is shown that, in the case of stuck-open faults in these branches, the static circuit becomes a dynamic one. Because most of the undetectable stuck-open faults in branches (or transistors) in sequential memory elements are of this class, a general approach for DFT for these faults are proposed, and examples of fully detectable circuits are presented.
Rapid Onset of Seizures Following Aspiration of Viscous Lidocaine (1992)

A 2 year-old drank from a bottle of viscous lidocaine. Coughing and choking were prompt, and seizures began within 10 to 15 seconds. Intraosseous phenobarbital 40 mg/kg stopped seizures temporarily, 30 mg/kg more plus lorazepam 20 mg/kg were needed for complete control. Suctioning of the airway revealed viscous material compatible with the drug. Bilateral hilar pneumonia ensued rapidly. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion occurred and was countered appropriately. Intubation, performed on admission, could not be discontinued. The adult respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by a typical diffuse X-ray pattern and poor oxygenation, developed. Bilateral pneumothoraces complicated care. The patient required 14 days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before recovery. A lidocaine level was obtained at 4 h post-ingestion and was 0.5 micrograms/mL (2 mumol/L). The rapid onset of seizures suggests that the drug was absorbed from the pulmonary bed. This possibility is supported by the finding of viscous-lidocaine-like material in the trachea, the rapid development of aspiration pneumonia, and the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome, which has been observed in adults when lidocaine was used in the trachea for procedures.
Securing IoT devices using JavaScript based sandbox (2016)

Internet of Things is gaining research attention as one of the important fields that will affect our daily life vastly. Today, around us this revolutionary technology is growing and evolving day by day. This technology offers certain benefits like automatic processing, improved logistics and device communication that would help us to improve our social life, health, living standards and infrastructure. However, due to their simple architecture and presence on wide variety of fields they pose serious concern to security. Due to the low end architecture there are many security issues associated with IoT network devices. In this paper, we try to address the security issue by proposing JavaScript sandbox as a method to execute IoT program. Using this sandbox we also implement the strategy to control the execution of the sandbox while the program is being executed on it.
Gastric campylobacter-like organisms: their role in gastric disease of laboratory animals. (1989)

Campylobacter pylori, first isolated in 1982, is now recognized as a primary cause of acute gastritis in man, and there is substantial data suggesting that this organism also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers. More recently, Campylobacter-like organisms and other morphologically distinct spiral bacteria have been isolated from gastric lesions in a variety of laboratory animal species. The zoonotic significance of C. pylori and other gastric spiral bacteria isolated from man as well as laboratory and domestic animals requires further study. An appreciation of the ecological and pathological role of gastric spiral bacteria in domestic and laboratory animals is an essential first step when considering the role and proper selection of animal models in the study of C. pylori gastroduodenal disease.
An Indigenous Yoruba - African Philosophical Argument Against Capital Punishment (2007)

The paper notes that whereas the issue of capital punishment is very old and not alien to any human society, and whereas there is an abundance of literature on Western philosophy of punishment, very little philosophical work on punishment from the African perspective can be cited. By way of filling a part of the lacuna in the literature, the paper examines the Yoruba culture for its perspectives on the death penalty. The paper finds in the Ifa Literary Corpus, though implicit, a strong philosophical argument against capital punishment. The argument, explicated and analyzed, turns out to be an introduction of a skeptical epistemological consideration into the debate over capital punishment in a unique way that raises some other jurisprudential issues relating to judicial administration. The paper concludes that although there may, as would be expected, be other positions on the issue of death penalty in Yoruba culture, the particular argument examined validly makes its point for the abolition of capital punishment, especially when situated in the context of Yoruba social ethic, which is essentially communal and humanistic. The enabling cultural context of the Ifa argument against capital punishment was extended beyond its immediate Yoruba sociocultural context to the pan-African humanistic social ethic conceptualized in Bantu languages of Southern Africa as ‘Ubuntu’, thereby giving the argument a contemporary universal relevance and applicability.
Neutron-gamma discrimination in plastic scintillators (2000)

Direct detection of fast neutrons prior to moderation offers increased performance at lower cost for future neutron detection technologies. Neutron detection by proton recoil in plastic scintillators could provide this capability if efficient techniques for discrimination against gamma events were available. We describe two possible approaches to neutron/gamma discrimination; one based on digital pulse processing to differentiate pulse types and the other based on low density scintillators to lengthen the time interval between multiple interactions.
Parastomal hernia (2003)

The incidence of parastomal hernia is between 0 and 48.1 per cent, depending on the type of stoma and length of follow-up. No technical factors related to the construction of the stoma have been shown to prevent herniation. If repair is required, a prosthetic mesh technique should be considered. Further randomized clinical trials (particularly of extraperitoneal stoma construction) are needed.