gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The synthesis and tribological characteristics of triangular copper nanoplates as a grease additive (2017)

We prepared triangular copper nanoplates and investigated its growth mechanism and tribological characteristics as grease additive.
Porous Polymers Used in GC and LC (1973)

Porous polymers have proven to be very useful in both liquid (LC) and gas (GC) chromatography. The types of polymer used, their preparation, the separation mechanism(s), some applications, and some of the problems associated with their use are reviewed.
Coassimilation of Organic Substrates via the Autotrophic 3-Hydroxypropionate Bi-Cycle in Chloroflexus aurantiacus (2011)

Chloroflexus aurantiacus is a facultative autotrophic green nonsulfur bacterium that grows phototrophically in thermal springs and forms microbial mats with cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria produce glycolate during the day (photorespiration) and excrete fermentation products at night. C. aurantiacus uses the 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle for autotrophic carbon fixation. This pathway was thought to be also suited for the coassimilation of various organic substrates such as glycolate, acetate, propionate, 3-hydroxypropionate, lactate, butyrate, or succinate. To test this possibility, we added these compounds at a 5 mM concentration to autotrophically pregrown cells. Although the provided amounts of H(2) and CO(2) allowed continuing photoautotrophic growth, cells immediately consumed most substrates at rates equaling the rate of autotrophic carbon fixation. Using [(14)C]acetate, half of the labeled organic carbon was incorporated into cell mass. Our data suggest that C. aurantiacus uses the 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle, together with the glyoxylate cycle, to channel organic substrates into the central carbon metabolism. Enzyme activities of the 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle were marginally affected when cells were grown heterotrophically with such organic substrates. The 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in Chloroflexi is unique and was likely fostered in an environment in which traces of organic compounds can be coassimilated. Other bacteria living under oligotrophic conditions acquired genes of a rudimentary 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle, possibly for the same purpose. Examples are Chloroherpeton thalassium, Erythrobacter sp. strain NAP-1, Nitrococcus mobilis, and marine gammaproteobacteria of the OM60/NOR5 clade such as Congregibacter litoralis.
RecN protein and transcription factor DksA combine to promote faithful recombinational repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (2005)

In rapidly dividing bacterial cells, the machinery for repair of DNA double-strand breaks has to contend not only with the forces driving replication and transmission of the DNA but also its transcription. By exploiting I-SceI homing endonuclease to break the Escherichia coli chromosome at one or more defined locations, we have been able to investigate how these processes are co-ordinated and repair is accomplished. When breaks are induced at a single site, the SOS-inducible RecN protein and the transcription factor DksA combine to promote efficient repair. When induced at two or more, distantly located sites, RecN becomes almost indispensable. Many cells that do survive have extensive deletions of sequences flanking the break, with end points often coinciding with imperfect repeat elements. These findings herald a much greater complexity for chromosome repair than suggested by current mechanistic models and reveal a role for RecN in protecting the chromosome from break-induced chromosome rearrangements.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Functions Technical Concepts User Services and Market Packages History Programs Around the World Selected Technologies Traffic and Road Surveillance Distribution of Traffic and Related Information Vehicle Location Related Functions Linkage Between Vehicle and Road Through Beacons Vehicle Control Related Functions Human Side of Its: Travelers and Operators Evolutionary Deployment System Architecture Standards Market and Evaluation
α‐Ketoheterocycles as Inhibitors of <i>Leishmania mexicana</i> Cysteine Protease CPB (2010)

Cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily are present in nearly all eukaryotes and also play pivotal roles in the biology of parasites. Inhibition of cysteine proteases is emerging as an important strategy to combat parasitic diseases such as sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis. Inspired by the in vivo antiparasitic activity of the vinylsulfone-based cysteine protease inhibitors, a series of α-ketoheterocycles were developed as reversible inhibitors of a recombinant L. mexicana cysteine protease, CPB2.8. Three isoxazoles and especially one oxadiazole compound are potent reversible inhibitors of CPB2.8; however, in vitro whole-organism screening against a panel of protozoan parasites did not fully correlate with the observed inhibition of the cysteine protease.
Study on reinforcement technique of development roadway with high argillaceous surrounding rock in Jurassic strata (2014)

In addition, many water-absorbing minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite exist in some strata. When water or drippy air accessed the fractures of surrounding rocks, the surrounding rocks would expand asymmetrically and asymmetrical stress would distribute in the inner of the rocks. At last, it would lead to the surrounding rock fracture and collapse (Zhang et al. 2011). When the original rocks lost their water and became shrinkage, new fractures would be induced and subsequent extension would be expected. At this time, if the original rocks were exposed to water or drippy air again, the expanse would be more serious and results in a persistent deformation of the roadways. The most obvious deformation for this kind of roadways is floor heave. Especially under the repeated influence of mining stress, fatigue failure of the surrounding rocks occurred easily.
Molecularly targeted therapy for malignant glioma (2007)

Malignant gliomas are relatively uncommon but lethal cancers. Despite recent research efforts in cancer therapy, the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas has remained dismal. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of glioma may lead to a rational development of new therapies. Despite the genetic heterogeneity of malignant gliomas, common aberrations in the signaling elements of the growth and survival pathways are found. New treatments have emerged to target molecules in these signaling pathways with the goal to increase specific efficacy and minimize toxicity. Monoclonal antibodies and low molecular-weight kinase inhibitors are the most common classes of agents in targeted cancer treatment. Most clinical trials of these agents as monotherapies have failed to demonstrate survival benefit in unselected malignant glioma patient populations. Several mechanisms of treatment failure have been demonstrated. In response, multitargeted kinase inhibitors and combinations of single-targeted kinase inhibitors have been developed to overcome therapeutic resistance. In addition, multimodality combinations of targeted agents with radiation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy/vaccines may enhance treatment efficacy. Future development of these agents will require advances in discovery and validation of new molecular targets, improvement of therapeutic delivery, and identification of correlative biomarkers. Novel clinical trial designs and endpoints may increase the efficiency of new drug evaluation. In this review, the authors discussed the current understanding of molecular pathogenesis and the development of molecularly targeted therapies in malignant glioma.
Design and performance of InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (1997)

InAlGaAs-InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SL-APD's) have been designed and experimentally analyzed. The layer structures and the electric field profiles were designed for 10 Gb/s applications. The mesa-structure SL-APD's exhibited a gain-bandwidth product of 120-150 GHz, a top bandwidth of 15 GHz, and a multiplied dark current of 15-20 nA for a mesa-diameter of 30 /spl mu/m. Other characteristics, such as temperature dependence of dark current and dynamic ranges, were also analyzed. Furthermore, an estimated life-time of longer than 10/sup 5/ h was achieved for the first time. The obtained characteristics, especially their high-speed characteristics with their low dark current, indicate potential for 2.5-10 Gb/s high-sensitivity and small optical receiver applications.
Primary Structure of Three Mannosyl-glycoasparagines and Nine Sialyl-oligosaccharides Isolated from the Urine of Two Patients with Gaucher's Disease (Infantile Form) (1983)

The urine of two patients with the infantile form of Gauche's disease were analyzed for their carbohydrate content. Nine sialyl-okigosaccharides were isolated and characterized. Compounds with identical structures occur in the urine of patient with sialidosis. Furthermore, an abnormal excretion of mannosyl-glycoasparagines was observed. Three of thses compounds were isolated and identified: This carbohydrate material, which is found also in the spleen of the patients, probably originastes from obstruction of lysosomal functioning by the accumulation of an excessive amount of glucocerebroside.
A Reduced-Complexity Architecture for LDPC Layered Decoding Schemes (2010)

A reduced-complexity low density parity check (LDPC) layered decoding architecture is proposed using an offset permutation scheme in the switch networks. This method requires only one shuffle network, rather than the two shuffle networks which are used in conventional designs. In addition, we use a block parallel decoding scheme by suitably mapping between required memory banks and processing units in order to increase the decoding throughput. The proposed architecture is realized for a 672-bit, rate-1/2 irregular LDPC code on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA device. The design achieves an information throughput of 822 Mb/s at a clock speed of 335 MHz with a maximum of 8 iterations.
First-principles theory of sulfur adsorption on semi-infinite Ge(001) (1990)

A self-consistent study of structural and electronic properties of semi-infinite Ge(001) terminated by a monolayer of sulfur is reported. Employing local-density theory together with Green's functions, we find from total-energy minimization that S adsorbs in bridge positions. The electronic spectrum saliently exhibits a dangling-bond and a bridge-bond band, which originate from the four lone-pair electrons at each sulfur adatom. They are both fully occupied. The calculated dangling-bond band is in very good agreement with photoemission data. The bridge-bond band is predicted in this Letter.
Wallet Attestations for Virtual Asset Service Providers and Crypto-Assets Insurance (2020)

The emerging virtual asset service providers (VASP) industry currently faces a number of challenges related to the Travel Rule, notably pertaining to customer personal information, account number and cryptographic key information. VASPs will be handling virtual assets of different forms, where each may be bound to different private-public key pairs on the blockchain. As such, VASPs also face the additional problem of the management of its own keys and the management of customer keys that may reside in a customer wallet. The use of attestation technologies as applied to wallet systems may provide VASPs with suitable evidence relevant to the Travel Rule regarding cryptographic key information and their operational state. Additionally, wallet attestations may provide crypto-asset insurers with strong evidence regarding the key management aspects of a wallet device, thereby providing the insurance industry with measurable levels of assurance that can become the basis for insurers to perform risk assessment on crypto-assets bound to keys in wallets, both enterprise-grade wallets and consumer-grade wallets.
Progression of hepatic neoplasms is severely retarded in mice lacking the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine on N-glycans: evidence for a glycoprotein factor that facilitates hepatic tumor progression. (1998)

The glycosyltransferase termed GlcNAc-TIII is dedicated to the transfer of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue (the bisecting GlcNAc), to a subset of N-glycans in glycoproteins. The addition of this GlcNAc is differentially regulated during development and is induced in certain cancers, particularly in hepatic tumorigenesis. To investigate a functional role for the bisecting GlcNAc in the development of liver cancer, the Mgat3 gene that codes for GlcNAc-TIII, was inactivated by targeted gene disruption, and the susceptibility of Mgat3-/- mice to tumor induction was tested. After a single injection with diethylnitrosamine and subsequent treatment with phenobarbitol for 6 months, Mgat3+/+ and Mgat3+/- mice had grossly enlarged livers that contained numerous tumors. By stark contrast, Mgat3-/- mice had livers of normal size, and only 50% of mice had one to four small tumors. However, histological examination showed that Mgat3-/- livers had significant numbers of basophilic foci, and by 10-12 months after diethylnitrosamine injection, tumors had developed in Mgat3-/- mice. Therefore, initiation occurred in Mgat3-/- mice but progression was severely retarded. Assays for Mgat3 gene expression in tumor tissue gave an unexpected result. In contrast to the situation in the rat, hepatic tumor formation in the mouse was not accompanied by a dramatic increase of GlcNAc-TIII activity nor of glycoproteins with a bisecting GlcNAc, nor of Mgat3 gene expression in tumor tissue from wild-type mice. The data suggest that a glycoprotein factor with the bisecting GlcNAc facilitates tumor progression in liver. In the absence of the bisecting GlcNAc in Mgat3-/- mice, the factor is reduced in activity, and tumor progression is severely retarded.
Kex2‐dependent processing of yeast K<sup>1</sup> killer preprotoxin includes cleavage at ProArg‐44 (1992)

The K1 killer toxin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of 103- and 83-residue alpha and beta components whose derivation, from a 316-residue precursor preprotoxin, requires processing at the alpha N-terminus (after ProArg-44), the alpha C-terminus (after ArgArg-149) and at the beta N-terminus (after LysArg-233). These processing events occur after translocation to the Golgi and have been investigated using beta-lactamase fusions. Signal peptidase cleavage of the precursor, predicted to occur after Ala-26, was confirmed by N-terminal sequence analysis of Ala-34 and Ile-52 fusions. Cleavage at all of the other predicted processing sites, including ProArg-44, is dependent on activity of the Kex2 protease. A fourth Kex2-dependent cleavage occurs at LysArg-188. Implications for the specificity of Kex2 cleavage and preprotoxin processing are discussed.
Multilayer MMIC using a 3 mu m*3-layer dielectric film structure (2002)

Very small multilayer MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) using miniature microstrip lines on a thin dielectric film are described. Their configuration, loss characteristic, and dielectric materials (silicon oxynitride and polyinide) are discussed. Other effective thin-film transmission lines, line crossovers, and vertical connections are also discussed. Multiport Wilkinson dividers, 90 degrees and 180 degrees hybrids, and distributed amplifiers are implemented in an area of less than 1 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neural networks of combination of forecasts for data with long memory pattern (2002)

In the current paper, we experiment with three neural network models for forecasting to better understand the performance of neural networks for the case when the data exhibits a long memory pattern. The first model is a simple one consisting of the time series values. The second model uses the inputs as the first model with one additional input representing the combination (average) of five univariate time series forecasting models. The third model consists of all these individual time series forecasts, in which the neural network is let to combine them in its own way. The network characteristics such as the training parameters, the number of hidden layers, and the testing and training percentages are simulated. The univariate forecasting models used by the neural network include Box-Jenkins and exponential smoothing. The exponential smoothing models include the simple exponential smoothing, linear multiplicative, linear additive, decaying linear multiplicative, and decaying linear additive types. Neural network simulations were performed using the feedforward, back propagation procedure. Electricity peak-load data for the Emirate of Abu-Dhabi is used for the experiments.
Codon-biased translation can be regulated by wobble-base tRNA modification systems during cellular stress responses (2015)

tRNA (tRNA) is a key molecule used for protein synthesis, with multiple points of stress-induced regulation that can include transcription, transcript processing, localization and ribonucleoside base modification. Enzyme-catalyzed modification of tRNA occurs at a number of base and sugar positions and has the potential to influence specific anticodon-codon interactions and regulate translation. Notably, altered tRNA modification has been linked to mitochondrial diseases and cancer progression. In this review, specific to Eukaryotic systems, we discuss how recent systems-level analyses using a bioanalytical platform have revealed that there is extensive reprogramming of tRNA modifications in response to cellular stress and during cell cycle progression. Combined with genome-wide codon bias analytics and gene expression studies, a model emerges in which stress-induced reprogramming of tRNA drives the translational regulation of critical response proteins whose transcripts display a distinct codon bias. Termed Modification Tunable Transcripts (MoTTs), (1) we define them as (1) transcripts that use specific degenerate codons and codon biases to encode critical stress response proteins, and (2) transcripts whose translation is influenced by changes in wobble base tRNA modification. In this review we note that the MoTTs translational model is also applicable to the process of stop-codon recoding for selenocysteine incorporation, as stop-codon recoding involves a selective codon bias and modified tRNA to decode selenocysteine during the translation of a key subset of oxidative stress response proteins. Further, we discuss how in addition to RNA modification analytics, the comprehensive characterization of translational regulation of specific transcripts requires a variety of tools, including high coverage codon-reporters, ribosome profiling and linked genomic and proteomic approaches. Together these tools will yield important new insights into the role of translational elongation in cell stress response.
Microfluidic electroporation of tumor and blood cells: observation of nucleus expansion and implications on selective analysis and purging of circulating tumor cells (2010)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) refer to cells that detach from a primary tumor, circulate in the blood stream, and may settle down at a secondary site and form metastases. The detection and characterization of CTCs are clinically useful for diagnosis and prognosis purposes. However, there has been very little work on purging CTCs from the blood. In this study, we systematically studied electroporation of tumor and blood cells in the context of selective purging and analysis of CTCs, using M109 and mouse blood cells as models. Electroporation is a simple and effective method for disruption of the cell membrane by applying an external electric field. We applied a microfluidic flow-through electroporation to process cells with various electroporation durations and field intensities. With duration of 100-300 ms, we found that the thresholds for electroporation-induced lysis started at 300-400 V cm(-1) for M109, 400-500 V cm(-1) for white blood cells and 1100-1200 V cm(-1) for red blood cells. Due to the substantial difference, we demonstrated the selective electroporation of tumor cells among blood cells and the scale-up of the flow-through electroporation devices for processing samples of millilitre volumes. Using Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) and fluorescence microscopy tools, we observed the dramatic increase in the size of the nucleus of a tumor cell in response to the applied field. We suggest that the nucleus expansion is a newly discovered mechanism responsible for rapid tumor cell death resulted from electroporation.
Accuracy issues in surface resistance measurements of high temperature superconductors using dielectric resonators (2001)

Reproducible and accurate measurements of the surface resistance of high temperature superconductors are essential for the development and commercialization of the next generation of high performance cryoelectronic systems. Dielectric resonators are the best, most accurate technique for this measurement and have been suggested for the international standard technique. This paper discusses trade-offs amongst the various types of dielectric resonators including choices of the dielectric rod, the metallic enclosure, the electrical measurements of Q-factor, resonant frequency and coupling coefficients, and other issues to ensure reproducible and accurate measurements.
An Automated Approach for Supporting Application QoS in Shared Resource Pools (2005)

Many enterprises are beginning to exploit shared resource pool environments. In these environments, the application workloads exploit a common set of hardware resources. These are complex environments where selecting per-application scheduler parameter settings is a challenging task. It is a challenge because i) the capacity of resource pools are generally overbooked, i.e., the sum of per-application peak demands are greater than the capacity of the pool, and ii) because different applications can have different quality of service (QoS) requirements that are affected by the applications ’ ability to obtain capacity when needed. This paper presents a new method that automates the computation of appropriate values for scheduler parameters. The method takes as input a characterization of an application’s workload demands, an application QoS requirement, and a measure of resource access QoS for resources that governs overbooking within the pool. As output, the method automatically specifies resource scheduler parameter settings that are expected to realize the application’s requirements. We assume that the pool’s resource schedulers can support at least two service priorities and can also manage the relationship between resource demand and allocation. A case study demonstrates the method and illustrates the per-application risks associated with resource sharing. 1
Synthesis of Functionalized Oxazolines and Oxazoles with DAST and Deoxo-Fluor (2000)

[formula: see text] A mild and highly efficient cyclization of beta-hydroxy amides to oxazolines is described using DAST and Deoxo-Fluor reagents. A one-pot protocol for the synthesis of oxazoles from beta-hydroxy amides is also presented.