gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agents for Expertise Location (1999)

The problem of finding someone who might be able to help with a particular task or knowledge area exists everywhere, be it in groups of students or corporate settings. Time and effort are spent looking for relevant information when another person in the community could easily provide assistance. We have chosen to tackle this problem. Our approach to addressing the problem of finding people who can help is to use software agents to assist the search for expertise and mediate the information exchange process. Issues of availability, user profiling, privacy and incentives are involved. We chose the Java Programming domain for initial implementation and testing of the system. Other researchers have taken stabs at this problem, most without the use of agent technology. We are building agents, called Expert Finders, to help people find help. Introduction 1 A person may find him/herself in need of help even when performing routine tasks. Very often, help is hard to find. The person ends up ...
Therapeutic perspectives of Angiotensin-(1-7) in heart failure (2005)

Background The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key-player in the progression of heart failure. Angiotensin-(1-7) is thought to modulate the activity of the RAS. Furthermore, this peptide may play a part in the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular disease. We assessed the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on the progression of heart failure. Methods and Results Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either coronary ligation or sham surgery. Two weeks after induction of myocardial infarction, intravenous infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) (24 μg/kg per hr) or saline was started by minipump. After eight weeks of treatment, hemodynamic parameters were measured, endothelial function was assessed in isolated aortic rings, and plasma angiotensin-(1-7) levels were determined. Myocardial infarction resulted in a significant deterioration of left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressure and dP/dt, and coronary flow. Raising plasma levels 40-fold, angiotensin-(1-7) infusion attenuated this impairment to a non-significant level, markedly illustrated by a 40% reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Furthermore, angiotensin-(1-7) completely preserved aortic endothelial function, whereas endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortas of saline-treated infarcted rats was significantly decreased. Conclusions Angiotensin-(1-7) preserved cardiac function, coronary perfusion, and aortic endothelial function in a rat model for heart failure.
Protein Expression in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Database (2009)

Overlapping of protein expression is low between SCC and AC. However, a few proteins appear to be upregulated in SCC and AC: triosephosphate isomerase, protein disulfide isomerase and phosphoglycerate mutase (phosphoglycerate kinase 1). These three proteins might be key players in human lung cancer.
Ultrasound-catalyzed TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native cellulose for the production of nanocellulose: Effect of process variables (2010)

In this study application of ultrasound in oxidizing native cellulose for the production of nanocellulose has been explored for the first time. Bleached hardwood kraft pulp was oxidized with an ultrasound (US) catalyzed 2,2,6,6-tetramethylepiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) system (US-TEMPO-system) at five different temperatures – 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45°C and two pH ranges, 8.5-9.0 and 10.0-10.5 – to obtain the optimum reaction conditions. The reaction pH and temperature have significant effect on the kinetics of the formation of carboxylate in the oxidized pulps and produce depolymerization at temperatures greater than 25°C. Formation of carboxylate on the cellulose chain is directly proportional to the NaBr concentration. The pulp oxidized by the US-TEMPO-system at 25°C had 10-15% more carboxyls and showed a ca. 10% increase in the nanocellulose yield when compared to the TEMPO-system without sono-catalysis.
Chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol in normal subjects. (1985)

The chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol was studied in six male volunteers. Serum concentrations of paracetamol were determined after a single oral dose of 1 g, on three occasions, spaced at least 1 week apart. Plasma drug concentration vs time curves were obtained after dosage at 08.00 h (Day 1), 14.00 h (Day 2) and 20.00 h (Day 3), under standardized conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters compared were t1/2,alpha, t1/2,Z, tmax, Cmax and AUCpo. No statistically significant differences were found.
Configurational Anisotropy in Nanomagnets (1998)

A novel magneto-optical method has been used to probe the internal magnetic energy surface in $150\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}150\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}15{\mathrm{nm}}^{3}$ square ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{14}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{5}$ (``supermalloy'') nanomagnets which were fabricated by electron beam lithography. A strong fourfold symmetric anisotropy field of strength $365\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20\mathrm{Oe}$ is found, which confirms a recent prediction of the appearance of a configurational anisotropy due to the small deviations of the magnetization from the uniform state.
High-resolution ion mobility measurements (1997)

Gas phase ion mobility measurements can resolve structural isomers for polyatomic ions and provide information about their geometries. A new experimental apparatus for performing high-resolution ion mobility measurements is described. The apparatus consists of a pulsed laser vaporization/desorption source coupled through an ion gate to a 63-cm-long drift tube. The ion gate is a critical component that prevents the diffusion of neutral species from the source into the drift tube. Ions travel along the drift tube under the influence of a uniform electric field. At the end of the drift tube some of the ions exit through a small aperture. They are focused into a quadrupole mass spectrometer, where they are mass analyzed, and then detected by an off-axis collision dynode and by dual microchannel plates. The apparatus is operated with a drift voltage of up to 14 000 V and a helium buffer gas pressure of around 500 Torr. The resolving power for ion mobility measurements is over an order of magnitude higher than has been achieved using conventional injected-ion drift tube techniques. Examples of the application of the new apparatus in resolving isomers of laser desorbed metallofullerenes, in studying silicon clusters generated by laser vaporization, and in following the isomerization of small nanocrystalline (NaCl)nCl− clusters as a function of temperature, are presented.
d-Amino acid hydrolysing enzymes (1998)

Only a few enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds involving D-amino acids effectively have been discovered and characterised in multicellular organisms. Mammalian renal dipeptidase hydrolyses various dipeptides with a D-amino acid only at the C-terminal with similar efficiency to their L-amino acid diastereomers, but not dipeptides with an N-terminal D-amino acid residue. Nor does the enzyme act on tripeptides. Dipeptides similar to those hydrolysed by the enzyme are also hydrolysed by cytosolic leucine aminopeptidase, but much less effectively than their L-amino acid diastereomers. Peptidyl-D-amino acid hydrolase from cephalopods has a somewhat broader substrate specificity than the renal dipeptidase and hydrolyses, as well, some dipeptides with a D-amino acid at the N-terminal. It also acts on larger peptides than dipeptides, albeit slowly. Carnosinase is specific to dipeptides containing L-His as the C-terminal residue, and hydrolyses D-Ala-L-His about as well as carnosine.
Self-medication: A current challenge (2014)

Self-medication is a global phenomenon and potential contributor to human pathogen resistance to antibiotics. The adverse consequences of such practices should always be emphasized to the community and steps to curb it. Rampant irrational use of antimicrobials without medical guidance may result in greater probability of inappropriate, incorrect, or undue therapy, missed diagnosis, delays in appropriate treatment, pathogen resistance and increased morbidity. This review focused on the self-medication of allopathic drugs, their use, its safety and reason for using it. It would be safe, if the people who are using it, have sufficient knowledge about its dose, time of intake, side effect on over dose, but due to lack of information it can cause serious effects such as antibiotic resistance, skin problem, hypersensitivity and allergy. There is need to augment awareness and implement legislations to promote judicious and safe practices. Improved knowledge and understanding about self-medication may result in rationale use and thus limit emerging microbial resistance issues. Articles which were published in peer reviewed journals, World Self-Medication Industry and World Health Organization websites relating to self-medication reviewed.
A High-Yield Hydrothermal Preparation of CuAlO<sub>2</sub> (2001)

The first, single-step, hydrothermal synthetic process has been developed, whereby phase-pure polycrystalline samples of CuAlO2 can be synthesized at low temperature (<215 °C) and pressure (<10 atm). Furthermore, the solid solution CuAl1-yGayO2 (where 0 ≤ y ≤ 1), which has, to date, not been reported, was also synthesized.
A 1.3 nJ/b IEEE 802.11ah Fully-Digital Polar Transmitter for IoT Applications (2016)

A 1.3 nJ/b IEEE 802.11ah TX for IoT applications is presented. A fully-digital polar architecture consisting of an all-digital PLL-based frequency modulator and an AM-retiming ΔΣ switched-capacitor PA (SC-PA) achieves more than 10× power reduction than state-of-the-art OFDM TXs. Several circuit-design techniques such as LSB truncation error feedback are proposed to efficiently pre-process the AM/PM data to improve the TX performance. A design approach of the SC-PA for optimum overall efficiency is introduced. The PLL spur level is reduced to 55 dBc by a switched-capacitor based digital-to-time converter. A dynamic divider is implemented together with a 1.8 GHz oscillator for efficient LO generation. Fabricated in a 40 nm CMOS process, this TX fulfills all the IEEE 802.11ah mandatory-mode PHY requirements with 4.4% EVM and > 4.8 dB spectral mask margin, while consuming 7.1 mW from a 1 V supply when delivering 0 dBm output power.
A market-based architecture for management of geographically dispersed, replicated Web servers (1998)

Many popular Web sites employ a set geographically dispersed, replicated servers to address the issue of overloaded servers and network congestion. Such distributed Web sites require allocation mechanisms to dispatch request in a way such that any desired load distribution can be enforced. Unlike most traditional approadms, we propose a technique which pushes the allocation functionality onto the client. We argue that this approach scales well aud may rsuit in increased performance in many cases. Building on theoretical work based on game theory, we show that the usage of individual replicas cau be ef.fatively controlled with cost functions even when the clients are noncooperative.
Quantitative Evaluation of HER-2/<i>neu</i>Status in Breast Cancer by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and by Immunohistochemistry With Image Analysis (2001)

We correlated quantitative results obtained in 40 invasive breast cancer cases for HER-2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization with protein expression by immunohistochemical studies with computer-assisted image analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results were quantified as the mean number of fluorescent signals per nucleus, and immunohistochemical slides were read by semiquantitatively assessing membranous immunostaining intensity in tumor cells vs nonneoplastic breast tissue or quantitatively evaluated by image analysis. We found high correlation between immunohistochemical results by semiquantitative scoring and by image analysis. FISH results correlated with immunohistochemical results moderately when the staining intensity of only tumor cells was assessed and significantly better when the difference in staining intensity between tumor cells and nonneoplastic breast tissue was assessed. The correlation with FISH results was further improved when immunohistochemical study was combined with heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). Although FISH and immunohistochemical studies assess different aspects of the HER-2/neu gene (amplification vs overexpression), we found good correlation between the diagnostic techniques. The correlation was best when immunohistochemical studies were combined with HIER and assessed as the difference between tumor cells and nonneoplastic breast tissue.
Melanocytes and the<i>Microphthalmia</i>Transcription Factor Network (2004)

The first mouse microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf ) mutation was discovered over 60 years ago, and since then over 24 spontaneous and induced mutations have been identified at the locus. Mitf encodes a member of the Myc supergene family of basic helix-loop-helix zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factors. Like Myc, Mitf regulates gene expression by binding to DNA as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with another related family member, in the case of Mitf the Tfe3, Tfeb, and Tfec proteins. The study of Mitf has provided many insights into the biology of melanocytes and helped to explain how melanocyte-specific gene expression and signaling is regulated. The human homologue of MITF is mutated in patients with the pigmentary and deafness disorder Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2A (WS2A). The mouse Mitf mutations therefore serve as a model for the study of this human disease. Mutations and/or aberrant expression of several MITF family member genes have also been reported in human cancer, including melanoma (MITF), papillary renal cell carcinoma (TFE3, TFEB), and alveolar soft part sarcoma (TFE3). Genes in the MITF/TFE pathway may therefore also represent valuable therapeutic targets for the treatment of human cancer. Here we review recent developments in the analysis of Mitf function in vivo and in vitro and show how traditional genetics, modern forward genetics and in vitro biochemical analyses have combined to produce an intriguing story on the role and actions of a gene family in a living organism.
Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo (2018)

Piperlongumine 1 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and preferably induces cancer cell apoptosis by triggering different pathways. However, the poor solubility of 1 limits its intensive investigation and clinical application. Ligustrazine possesses a water-soluble pyrazine skeleton and can inhibit proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. We synthesized compound 3 by replacement of the trimethoxyphenyl of 1 with ligustrazine moiety and further introduced 2-Cl, -Br, and -I to 3 for synthesis of 4-6, respectively. Compound 4 possessed 14-fold greater aqueous solubility than 1 and increased ROS levels in colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. Additionally, 4 preferably inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and heteroadhesion of HCT-116 cells. Treatment with 4 suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, 4 mitigated TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Wnt/β-catenin activation by inhibiting the Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in HCT-116 cells. Collectively, 4 displayed significant antiproliferation and antimetastasis activities, superior to 1.
Personal Storage Grid Architecture (2010)

On-demand cloud applications like online email accounts and online virtual disk space are becoming widely available in various forms. In cloud applications, one can see the importance of underlying resources, such as disk space, that is available to the end-user but not easily accessible. In the authors’ study, a modern file system developed in linux is proposed, which enables consuming of cloud applications and making the underlying disk space resource available to the end-user. This system is developed as a web service to support cross operation system support. A free online mail account was used to demonstrate this solution, and an IMAP protocol to communicate with remote data spaces was used so that this method can mount onto any email system that supports IMAP. The authors’ definition of infinite storage as the user is able to mount file systems as a single logical drive.
Homodyne state tomography with photon number resolving detectors (2008)

We introduce a complete tomographic reconstruction scheme geared toward low photon-number states. To demonstrate this method we reconstruct various single-mode coherent states. © 2008 Optical Society of America.
Simple Preparation of Nanoporous Si/C Composites with Naphthalene for Li-Ion Batteries (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Viral dsRNA activates mucin transcription in airway epithelial cells (2003)

Double-stranded (ds) RNA is a biologically active component of many viruses including rhinoviruses infecting the upper respiratory tract. Mucus production is a common symptom of such infections. Here, we show that mucin, the glycoprotein subunit of mucus gels, is transcriptionally upregulated in an NF-kappaB- and p38-dependent manner when homogeneous cultures of epithelial cells are exposed to dsRNA. Furthermore, upstream of p38 in this system, dsRNA stimulates the extracellular release of ATP and activation of cell surface ATP receptors, which are G protein-coupled. This results in the stimulation of phospholipase C and protein kinase C. These findings suggest that ATP receptor antagonists could be used to modulate mucus production induced by virus.
<title>Digital stereoscopic imaging</title> (1999)

The convergence of inexpensive digital cameras and cheap hardware for displaying stereoscopic images has created the right conditions for the proliferation of stereoscopic imagin applications. One application, which is of growing importance to museums and cultural institutions, consists of capturing and displaying 3D images of objects at multiple orientations. In this paper, we present our stereoscopic imaging system and methodology for semi-automatically capturing multiple orientation stereo views of objects in a studio setting, and demonstrate the superiority of using a high resolution, high fidelity digital color camera for stereoscopic object photography. We show the superior performance achieved with the IBM TDI-Pro 3000 digital camera developed at IBM Research. We examine various choices related to the camera parameters, image capture geometry, and suggest a range of optimum values that work well in practice. We also examine the effect of scene composition and background selection on the quality of the stereoscopic image display. We will demonstrate our technique with turntable views of objects from the IBM Corporate Archive.
The effect of mechanical treatment on softwood kraft pulp fibers. Pulp and fiber properties (2004)

In this study the effects of mechanical treatment of kraft pulp fibers, at different temperatures, on pulp and pulp strength properties were investigated. The beating demand increased while the tear index and zero-span tensile strength of treated pulps decreased as the treatment temperature was increased from 100°C to 170°C. The carbohydrate compositions measured as monosaccharides after acid hydrolysis of the pulps were the same. The small differences in fiber deformation of the bleached pulps could not explain the severe strength losses at 170°C. The fracture analysis, together with the results of a fractionation study of treated pulps, indicated that single fiber strength was lost. The results also indicated that the fiber damage resulting from mechanical treatment at high temperature under alkaline cooking conditions led not to a reduction in interfiber bonding ability.
Combinatorial Discovery of Fluorescent Pharmacophores by Multicomponent Reactions in Droplet Arrays (2011)

Fluorescence imaging in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research relies to a great extent on the use of small organic fluorescent probes. Because of the difficulty of combining fluorescent and molecular-recognition properties, the development of such probes has been severely restricted to a number of well-known fluorescent scaffolds. Here we demonstrate that autofluorescing druglike molecules are a valuable source of bioimaging probes. Combinatorial synthesis and screening of chemical libraries in droplet microarrays allowed the identification of new types of fluorophores. Their concise and clean assembly by a multicomponent reaction presents a unique potential for the one-step synthesis of thousands of structurally diverse fluorescent molecules. Because they are based upon a druglike scaffold, these fluorophores retain their molecular recognition potential and can be used to design specific imaging probes.
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CHOICE OF INTEROBSERVER RELIABILITY ESTIMATES (1977)

Two types of interobserver reliability values may be needed in treatment studies in which observers constitute the primary data-acquisition system: trial reliability and the reliability of the composite unit or score which is subsequently analyzed, e.g., daily or weekly session totals. Two approaches to determining interobserver reliability are described: percentage agreement and "correlational" measures of reliability. The interpretation of these estimates, factors affecting their magnitude, and the advantages and limitations of each approach are presented.
Comparison of Heterotrophic Bioleaching and Ammonium Sulfate Ion Exchange Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from a Madagascan Ion-Adsorption Clay (2018)

Rare earth elements (REE) are considered to be a critical resource, because of their importance in green energy applications and the overdependence on Chinese imports. REE rich ion-adsorption deposits (IAD) result from tropical weathering of REE enriched igneous rocks. Commercial REE leaching from IAD, using salt solutions occurs via an ion-exchange mechanism. Bioleaching of IAD by Aspergillus or Bacillus, was compared to Uninoculated Control and Salt leaching (0.5 M ammonium sulfate) over 60 days. Salt leaching was most effective, followed by Aspergillus, Bacillus then Uninoculated Control. Most of the REE and major elements released by Salt leaching occurred before day 3. With bioleaching, REE and major elements release increased with time and had a greater heavy to light REE ratio. Similar total heavy REE release was observed in Salt leaching and Aspergillus (73.1% and 70.7% Lu respectively). In bioleaching experiments, pH was inversely correlated with REE release (R2 = 0.947 for Lu) indicating leaching by microbially produced acids. These experiments show the potential for bioleaching of REE from IAD, but dissolution of undesirable elements could cause problems in downstream processing. Further understanding of the bioleaching mechanisms could lead to optimization of REE recovery.