gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino acid sequence and the cellular location of the Na+-dependent <scp>d</scp>-glucose symporters (SGLT1) in the ovine enterocyte and the parotid acinar cell (1995)

The Na(+)-dependent D-glucose symporter has been shown to be located on the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane of ovine parotid acinar cells. This is in contrast to the apical location of this transporter in the ovine enterocyte. The amino acid sequences of these two proteins have been determined. They are identical. The results indicated that the signals responsible for the differential targeting of these two proteins to the apical and the basal domains of the plasma membrane are not contained within the primary amino acid sequence.
A Review of the Drying of Silver Halide Photographic Film (1969)

With the advent of hardened emulsions, high-temperature processing and processing solutions with high electrochemical energy, the “wet” processing of silver halide photographic film has reached a plateau where the rate of processing is fast becoming “drier limited,” particularly for wide film. The drier itself may now exceed in size the rest of the machine, and consume the major portion of the total electrical energy required, in addition to increasing the power and equipment rating of the environmental air-conditioning system. A summary of the drying process is made together with a review and comparison of technologies by which a drying rate in excess of 100 ft/min can be obtained with higher overall efficiency, and with compactness of mechanical design. The results of studies conducted by the authors are included.
Evening primrose oil (Efamol) in the treatment of children with atopic eczema. (1988)

It has been reported that essential fatty acid levels may be low and that there may be reduced levels of delta-6-desaturase metabolites of linoleic acid in patients with atopic eczema. Good therapeutic results have been reported on the use of evening primrose oil (Efamol) in adults but not in children. Efamol contains gamma-linolenic acid, the delta-6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. The authors have studied 24 children with atopic eczema: 12 of them were treated with a higher dose of evening primrose oil than in previous studies and 12 with placebo olive oil. The clinical status and plasma, neutrophil and lymphocyte fatty acid composition in these children have been evaluated. After 4 weeks the eczema of essential fatty acid-treated children significantly improved in comparison with that of placebo-treated children (p less than 0.01). There were significant changes in plasma fatty acid composition between the basal values and the end of active treatment, and between the placebo and actively treated children. Neutrophil and lymphocyte fatty acid composition did not seem to be related to disease activity.
Operation of the continuously pumped, repetitive Q-switched YAlG:Nd laser (1967)

The continuously pumped YA1G : Nd laser has been repetitively <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switched by a rotating mirror, yielding pulses with a peak power of 1 kW, a pulse width of 175 ns, and a repetition rate of 500 pulses per second. The output, at a wavelength of 1.064 microns, consisted of five longitudinal modes with approximately 60 percent of the power in the lowest order TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> transverse mode. The dependance of the laser performance on mirror curvature and transmission. was studied, and the system was optimized with respect to peak power and pulse amplitude stability. The observed performance is compared to theory and found to be in excellent agreement. Consideration is given to the possibility of achieving higher peak powers and shorter pulse widths, with the conclusion that pulse widths of 75 ns and peak powers of 200 kW should be possible with continuous tungsten pumping by using 6.25 mm diameter 7.5 cm long rods, Repetition rates approaching 4000 Hz with full peak power and higher rates at reduced peak power levels are possible. Results of flash lamp pumping experiments indicate that with the same crystal used here peak powers of 1MW and pulse widths of 5 ns or less are possible using a flash lamp input of approximately 10 watts. seconds. Several applications of this laser including the field of nonlinear optics are considered. The most promising application at present appears to be in the field of micromachining, where the feasibility of fabricating passive thin film circuitry has been established.
A Translation of the <i>Parmenides</i> - The Parmenides of Plato. Translated into English with Introduction and Appendixes by A. E. Taylor. Pp. vi+161. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934. Cloth, 7s. 6d. (1935)

A Translation of the Parmenides - The Parmenides of Plato. Translated into English with Introduction and Appendixes by A. E. Taylor. Pp. vi+161. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934. Cloth, 7s. 6d. - Volume 49 Issue 1
Improvement of alpha-particle-induced soft-error immunity in a GaAs SRAM by a buried p-layer (1988)

Alpha-particle-induced soft-error immunity in a 1-kB GaAs SRAM was improved by a buried p-layer, which was formed in isolation regions as well as in FET regions and was designed to be completely depleted. The mean time between failures exceeded 10/sup 4/ at an alpha-particle fluence of about 2.0*10/sup 4/ cm/sup -2/-s/sup -1/ with a 1.0- mu Ci/sup 241/Am source. The alpha-particle energy had a peak at 4.0 MeV and was distributed from nearly 0 to 4.6 MeV. This value is five orders of magnitude better than that for a conventional SRAM without a buried p-layer. This improvement in the soft-error immunity can be achieved without increasing the access time or the power consumption by depleting the p-layer completely. Also discussed is the possibility of using a conductive p-layer scheme for higher integration of GaAs SRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An architecture for tree search based vector quantization for single chip implementation (2003)

Vector quantization (VQ) has become feasible for use in real-time applications by employing VLSI technology. The authors propose a new search algorithm and an architecture for implementing it, which can be used in real-time image processing. This search algorithm takes O(k) time units on a sequential machine, where k is the dimension of the codevectors, assuming unit time corresponds to one comparison operation. The proposed architecture employs a single processing element (PE) and O(N) external memory for storing N hyperplanes used in the search, where N is the number of codevectors. Compared with known architectures for VQ in the literature, the proposed design does not perform any multiplication operation, since the search method is independent of any L/sub q/ metric, 1<or=q<or= infinity . It leads to an area efficient design with the PE consisting of a comparator and O(k) registers. Also, the memory used by the design is significantly less than those employed in the known architectures.<<ETX>>
Corrosion of Steels in Boiling Potassium Carbonate Saturated With Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide (1961)

Corrosion rates of carbon and stainless steels were determined in boiling solutions of potassium carbonate saturated with carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Solutions saturated with carbon dioxide were highly corrosive to carbon steel and slightly corrosive to Type 304 and 347 stainless. Type 410 stainless behaved similarly to carbon steel. Monel was even more resistant to attack. The addition of only 0.3 percent of hydrogen sulfide to the carbon dioxide reduced corrosion rate of the carbon steel by 96 percent. Boiling solutions of carbonate saturated with hydrogen sulfide were noncorrosive. 4.3.6
A new method for measurement of respiratory resistance (1983)

A new method for measuring the resistance of the total respiratory system is presented. The method uses a device comprising a solenoid valve, a multiperforated plate, and a pneumotachograph. The multiperforated plate serves as a constant resistor (Rk) that is used to partially occlude the airway opening, thus rapidly and briefly reducing airflow during natural expiration. If it is assumed that the driving pressure remains constant during the very short period the airway is partially occluded, the respiratory flow immediately preceding the addition of Rk (V) and the flow reduction during partial occlusion (delta V) allow calculation of the resistance of the total respiratory system. The resistance of 14 normal subjects and 18 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was measured with this new method as well as with the body plethysmographic method: 90% of the interrupter values fell within +/- 0.6 cmH2O . l-1.s of the plethysmographic values, and all fell within +/- 0.8 cmH2O . l-1.s.
Crack-Free Welding of IN 738 by Linear Friction Welding (2011)

Inconel 738 (IN 738), like other precipitation-hardened nickel-base superalloys that contain a substantial amount of Al and Ti, is very difficult to weld due to its high susceptibility to heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking during conventional fusion welding processes. The cause of this cracking, which is usually intergranular in nature, has been attributed to the liquation of various phases in the alloy, subsequent wetting of the grain boundaries by the liquid and decohesion across one of the solid-liquid interfaces due to on-cooling tensile stresses. In the present work, crack-free welding of the alloy was obtained by linear friction welding (LFW), notwithstanding the high susceptibility of the material to HAZ cracking. Gleeble thermomechanical simulation of the LFW process was carefully performed to study the microstructural response of IN 738 to the welding thermal cycle. Correlation between the simulated microstructure and that of the weldments was obtained, in that, a significant grain boundary liquation was observed in both the simulated specimens and actual weldments due to non-equilibrium reaction of second phase particles, including the strengthening gamma prime phase. These results show that in contrast to the general assumption of LFW being an exclusively solid-state joining process, intergranular liquation is possible during LFW. However, despite a significant occurrence of liquation in the alloy, no HAZ cracking was observed, which can be partly related to the nature of the imposed stress during LFW
Effect Of Nanoclay On The Toughness Of Epoxy And Mechanical, Impact Properties Of E-glass-epoxy Composites (2015)

Organically modified montimorillonite nanoclay was added to the epoxy and E-glass-epoxy composites. The influence of nanoclay content (varied between 0 to 5wt %) on the relative crosslink density and the fracture toughness of the epoxy matrix was studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the amino functional groups present on the nanoclay react with the epoxy matrix to increase the crosslink density of about 13 and 18% at 3 and 5wt% addition, respectively. The toughness of the epoxy composites increased by 25% at 3wt% addition of nanoclay, whereas, it decreases at 5wt%. Flexural strength and tensile strength of the E-glass-epoxy composites were found to increase by 12% and 11% respectively at 3wt% addition of nanoclay, while at 5wt% addition these properties decreased due to the matrix embrittlement.  Interestingly matrix embrittlement is found to be beneficial in increasing the impact resistance due to spallation of embrittled matrix that ensures the dissipation of the impact energy. 5wt% nanoclay addition increases the impact strength by 29% and reduces the back face bulge of composite by 31%. These results may lead to the design and realization of glass-epoxy composites with better impact strength.
Phylogenetic scanning: a computer-assisted algorithm for mapping gene conversions and other recombinational events (1991)

An algorithm, ‘phylogenetic scanning’, is described for mapping gene conversion events where comparative DNA sequence data are available from different species. In this algorithm, sets of hypothetical phylogenetic trees are constructed that describe possible sequence relationships due to gene conversions in different species lineages; these trees are then evaluated by the principle of parsimony at intervals in the sequence alignment. When used to map gene conversion events that occurred between the pair of γ-globin genes of higher primates, the algorithm gives results nearly identical to those obtained using a tedious manual approach. Suggestions are also provided for adaptation of this procedure to the analysis of other recombination events.
Majorities for Censorship. (1986)

L'exercice de la censure dans une bibliotheque a une signification locale. De facon a avoir une vue generale du phenomene pour les bibliotheques publiques des Etats-Unis, une enquete aupres de la population a ete menee de 1972 a 1983. Le sondage porte essentiellement sur des auteurs contreverses et sur la diffusion d'informations a caractere sexuel
Does telomere shortening count? (2001)

Telomeres are specialized chromosomal end structures of eukaryotic chromosomes that consist of 2- to 15-kb repeat sequences of TTAGGG in humans. Since telomeres shorten with subsequent cell divisions and decline with age by 50-100 bp per year, they reflect the proliferative history of cells and
Knowledge Derived From Wikipedia For Computing Semantic Relatedness (2007)

Wikipedia provides a semantic network for computing semantic relatedness in a more structured fashion than a search engine and with more coverage than WordNet. We present experiments on using Wikipedia for computing semantic relatedness and compare it to WordNet on various benchmarking datasets. Existing relatedness measures perform better using Wikipedia than a baseline given by Google counts, and we show that Wikipedia outperforms WordNet on some datasets. We also address the question whether and how Wikipedia can be integrated into NLP applications as a knowledge base. Including Wikipedia improves the performance of a machine learning based coreference resolution system, indicating that it represents a valuable resource for NLP applications. Finally, we show that our method can be easily used for languages other than English by computing semantic relatedness for a German dataset.
68.3: Achieving High Efficiency White Organic Light‐emitting Diodes based on Transient Electroluminescence Analysis (2011)

Abstract In this paper, High efficiency white organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been analyzed not only through steady‐state characteristics but also transient measurement to understand the dynamics in OLEDs. After optimization, the quantum efficiency is reached to 12.88% at 1.04mA/cm 2 .
Studies in the Assessment of Folding Quality for Protein Modeling and Structure Prediction (2002)

A diagnostic for assessing the quality of a fold has been developed to which further criteria can be progressively added. The goal is to create a measure that can follow the status of a protein structure in a simulation or modeling process, when the answer (the experimental structure) is not known in advance, rather than simply reject deliberate misfolds. This places greater emphasis on the need to study, and calibrate against, marginal cases, i.e., unusual native structures, incomplete structures, partially erroneous X-ray structures, good models, poor models, and the effect of cofactors. The first three terms introduced in the diagnostic are appropriate core-forming properties or noncore properties of residues in relation to tertiary structure, appropriate neighboring structure density for each residue in relation to tertiary structure, and secondary structure consistency. While the method emerges as a useful simulation analysis tool, we find a need for further fine-tuning to diminish sensitivity to minor conformational changes that retain essential features of the fold, balanced against the need to obtain a more sensitive response when a conformational change involves less physically meaningful interatomic interactions. This dual utility is difficult to obtain: the investigation highlights some of the issues. Initial attempts to obtain it have led to terms in the diagnostic that are admittedly complex: simplifications must also be explored.
Improvement of Fluorescence Characteristics of Coumarins: Syntheses and Fluorescence Properties of 6-Methoxycoumarin and Benzocoumarin Derivatives as Novel Fluorophores Emitting in the Longer Wavelength Region and Their Application to Analytical Reagents (2005)

To improve the fluorescence characteristics, especially emission wavelength, of coumarins, various 3-substituted-6-methoxycoumarin derivatives were synthesized, and then benzocoumarin derivatives were also synthesized in expectation of the shift to the longer wavelength region by the extension of the conjugated system. Their fluorescence properties were investigated spectrophotometrically in acetonitrile and evaluated from the viewpoint of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between push- and pull-substituents in the ground and the excited states. Among them, benzocoumarin derivatives especially fluoresced in the longer wavelength around 540 nm with remarkably large Stokes shifts beyond 10,000 cm(-1). Using such fluorophores, some novel fluorescence derivatization reagents for carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, and amines were preliminarily prepared as an example, and their derivatized products were also found to fluoresce in the longer wavelength region with large Stokes shifts.
Control of second order temperature coefficient of SAW propagating in two thin film layers (1993)

This study proposes a new control method of the 1st- and 2nd-order temperature coefficients of two-layer substrate composed of ZnO and Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> thin films which have the 2nd-order temperature coefficients of delay time with the signs opposite to each other. As a result, a stable SAW substrate of ZnO/Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5 </sub> /fused quartz showing the 3rd-order characteristics was developed
Facilitated transport ceramic membranes for high temperature H{sub 2}S removal (1994)

Gas contaminant cleanup in the hostile process environments encountered in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems has the potential for improving the economic viability of such advanced power systems. This paper presents evaluation of the technical feasibility of facilitated transport ceramic membranes for high temperature removal of H{sub 2}S from coal gas in IGCC systems. The facilitated transport membranes evaluated in this study consist of molten salts containing alkali and alkaline earth carbonates impregnated in to a ceramic microporous matrix. Both the disc and tubular membrane geometries were investigated. Permeation of H{sub 2}S across a membrane was determined in a simulated KRW coal gas environment at temperatures of 560 to 650 C and pressures of 50 to 200 psig. The experimental data suggest facilitated transport of H{sub 2}S across the molten salt ceramic membranes. However, the observed selectivities for H{sub 2}S with respect to other gases suffered from leakage through the unfilled pores of the ceramic matrix and membrane seals.
Recent Research in Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Infrastructures (2003)

Assessing the condition of a structure is necessary to determine its safety and reliability. Ideally, structural health monitoring should be similar to medical health monitoring of the body. In medical health monitoring, the life signs such as pulse and blood pressure give an overall indication of the overall health of the body. This is analogous to global structural health monitoring, in which damage to the structure can be identified by measuring changes in the global properties of the structure. Once the body signs show an anomaly, we do a battery of tests to determine the cause of the anomaly. Analogously in structural health monitoring, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) can be used to determine the nature of the damage. NDE methods to determine local damage are also becoming more accepted in practice. This paper describes some of the recent and current National Science Foundation projects in this area of research. Promising areas for NDE are identified.
Regularized reconstruction in quantitative SPECT using CT side information from hybrid imaging (2010)

A penalized-likelihood (PL) SPECT reconstruction method using a modified regularizer that accounts for anatomical boundary side information was implemented to achieve accurate estimates of both the total target activity and the activity distribution within targets. In both simulations and experimental I-131 phantom studies, reconstructions from (1) penalized likelihood employing CT-side information-based regularization (PL-CT), (2) penalized likelihood with edge preserving regularization (no CT) and (3) penalized likelihood with conventional spatially invariant quadratic regularization (no CT) were compared with (4) ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), which is the iterative algorithm conventionally used in clinics for quantitative SPECT. Evaluations included phantom studies with perfect and imperfect side information and studies with uniform and non-uniform activity distributions in the target. For targets with uniform activity, the PL-CT images and profiles were closest to the 'truth', avoided the edge offshoots evident with OSEM and minimized the blurring across boundaries evident with regularization without CT information. Apart from visual comparison, reconstruction accuracy was evaluated using the bias and standard deviation (STD) of the total target activity estimate and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the activity distribution within the target. PL-CT reconstruction reduced both bias and RMSE compared with regularization without side information. When compared with unregularized OSEM, PL-CT reduced RMSE and STD while bias was comparable. For targets with non-uniform activity, these improvements with PL-CT were observed only when the change in activity was matched by a change in the anatomical image and the corresponding inner boundary was also used to control the regularization. In summary, the present work demonstrates the potential of using CT side information to obtain improved estimates of the activity distribution in targets without sacrificing the accuracy of total target activity estimation. The method is best suited for data acquired on hybrid systems where SPECT-CT misregistration is minimized. To demonstrate clinical application, the PL reconstruction with CT-based regularization was applied to data from a patient who underwent SPECT/CT imaging for tumor dosimetry following I-131 radioimmunotherapy.