gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of monkey interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, a unique extracellular matrix component of the retina (1985)

The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) has been isolated from monkey interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Following gentle washing of the IPM from the retinal surface, the protein was purified to homogeneity by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and size-exclusion HPLC. Bovine IRBP was purified similarly and compared with the monkey protein. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis yielded a molecular weight of 106 000 +/- 2900 for the native monkey protein. Sedimentation velocity analysis gave a sedimentation coefficient of 5.4 +/- 0.3 S and a frictional ratio of 1.59, indicating an asymmetrical molecular shape. IRBP contains neutral sugar, including fucose, and sialic acid; the glycoprotein nature of the proteins probably accounts for the microheterogeneity observed in the electrofocusing pattern of both bovine and monkey IRBP. Both IRBPs have isoelectric points between 6.0 and 7.0. The fluorescence emission lambda max of the bound ligand was 470 nm with excitation at 340 nm, while the excitation lambda max was 333 nm with emission at 470 nm, for monkey IRBP incubated with exogenous all-trans-retinol. The amino acid compositions of the monkey and bovine proteins are similar; nonpolar amino acids account for over 50% of the residues, which may explain the apparent hydrophobic nature of the isolated proteins. The amino-terminal analyses indicated considerable homology between the monkey and bovine IRBPs in this region and verified the purity of the isolated proteins. IRBP thus appears to be a unique, conserved glycoprotein of the retinal extracellular matrix that could serve as a retinoid-transport vehicle.
ASCHEA: new results using adaptive segregational constraint handling (2003)

ASCHEA is an adaptive algorithm for constrained optimization problem based on a population level adaptive penalty function to handle constraints, a constraint-driven mate selection for recombination, and a segregational selection that favors a given number of feasible individuals. In this paper, we present some new results obtained using ASCHEA after extending the penalty function and introducing a niching technique with adaptive radius to handle multimodal functions. Furthermore, we propose a new equality constraint handling strategy. The idea is to start, for each equality, with a large feasible domain and to reduce it progressively along generations, in order to bring it as close as possible to null measure domain. Two approaches are proposed and experimented, the first based on dynamic adjustment and the second based on adaptive adjustment.
A Review of Optical Data-processing Techniques (1968)

Various optical data-processing techniques are reviewed in this article. Both coherent and incoherent optical systems are considered. Coherent systems are described in terms of spatial filtering concepts and two principal methods for implementing a general linear integral operator are discussed: one using space-domain reference function masks and one using frequency-domain spatial filters. Incoherent systems are described in terms of geometrical optics.
Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion and ornithine decarboxylase activity by quercetin: possible involvement of lipoxygenase inhibition (1983)

Quercetin (30 mumol/mouse) markedly suppressed the effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 20 nmol/mouse) on skin tumor formation in the CD-1 mice initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (200 nmol/mouse). TPA (20 nmol/mouse)-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was also inhibited by quercetin (10-30 mumol/mouse), but it failed to inhibit the stimulation of epidermal DNA synthesis by TPA. In addition, quercetin potently inhibited lipoxygenase from 105 000 g supernatant of epidermal homogenate of mice. The 50% inhibition of lipoxygenase was observed by quercetin at 1.3 microM. These results suggest that the inhibition of lipoxygenase by quercetin is one of the major actions of the above agent to inhibit tumor promotion and TPA-induced ODC activity.
Fluidization (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
Group Delay Dispersion Measurement Method for Multilayer Reflectors (2013)

A fast and simple algorithm enables the accurate retrieval of the wavelength-dependent group delay introduced by multilayer coatings upon reflection directly from white light spectral interferograms, without making use of the Fourier transform.
Lysine-Promoted Colorimetric Response of Gold Nanoparticles: A Simple Assay for Ultrasensitive Mercury(II) Detection (2013)

Although numerous methods have been reported for the analysis of toxic mercury (Hg(2+)) ions in drinking water, development of simple, rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive sensors still remains a great challenge. Here, we report a simple yet very sensitive colorimetric assay for rapid detection of Hg(2+) in water. The colorimetric assay is based on the aggregation of as-prepared citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of Hg(2+) ions and the positively charged amino acid, lysine. The detection limit of this inexpensive colorimetric assay is 2.9 nM, which is below the limit value (10 nM) defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in drinkable water. Also, the colorimetric response of citrate-capped AuNPs in the presence of lysine is very selective to the Hg(2+). In addition, the colorimetric assay is very fast, and all analyses can be completed within a few minutes.
Experimental investigation of effects of bio-additives on fuel economy of the gasoline engine (2008)

The matter extracted from palm oil was considered as gasoline additive. The effect of various percentages (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) of the bio-additives on fuel economy of SI engine respectively running on prime gasoline, gasoline with known compo- nents, ethanol gasoline, and methanol gasoline under typical urban operation condition 2000 r/min was investigated. The results showed that the bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy of SI engine while operating on all kinds of fuel. The optimal ratio of bio-additive to gasoline depends on the fuel used and on the different engine operating conditions. Besides, the experiments of constant volume combustion bomb, analysis of in cylinder processes, the synchrotron ra- diation and high-temperature friction were conducted to probe into the mechanism of the bio-additive impact on fuel economy. It indicated that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the frication coefficient.
Fairness and Missing Values (2019)

The causes underlying unfair decision making are complex, being internalised in different ways by decision makers, other actors dealing with data and models, and ultimately by the individuals being affected by these decisions. One frequent manifestation of all these latent causes arises in the form of missing values: protected groups are more reluctant to give information that could be used against them, delicate information for some groups can be erased by human operators, or data acquisition may simply be less complete and systematic for minority groups. As a result, missing values and bias in data are two phenomena that are tightly coupled. However, most recent techniques, libraries and experimental results dealing with fairness in machine learning have simply ignored missing data. In this paper, we claim that fairness research should not miss the opportunity to deal properly with missing data. To support this claim, (1) we analyse the sources of missing data and bias, and we map the common causes, (2) we find that rows containing missing values are usually fairer than the rest, which should not be treated as the uncomfortable ugly data that different techniques and libraries get rid of at the first occasion, and (3) we study the trade-off between performance and fairness when the rows with missing values are used (either because the technique deals with them directly or by imputation methods). We end the paper with a series of recommended procedures about what to do with missing data when aiming for fair decision making.
DevOps: An Overview (2017)

This chapter discusses how the DevOps practice of continuous business planning focuses on the lines of business and their planning processes. Businesses need to be agile and able to react quickly to customer feedback. Delivering a software application or system today involves multiple teams of developers working on separate components of the application. Typically, the completed application also needs to interact with other applications or services to perform its functions. Continuous integration has led to capabilities for continuous delivery in which the code and components are not only integrated but are also delivered to a production-like environment for testing and veriﬁcation. Testing in an environment that does not accurately represent the production system leaves a lot of risk in the system. Visibility to the progress of continuous-integration builds via a central portal or dashboards can provide information to all practitioners. Continuous delivery simply involves taking the concept of continuous integration to the next step. Once the application is built, at the end of every continuous integration build, it is delivered to the next stage in the application delivery lifecycle. The need to maintain multiple conﬁgurations and patch levels of environments that are now needed by development, on demand, requires Ops to modify how they handle change and maintain these environments.
Ambulatory Monitoring in the Evaluation of Blood Pressure in Patients with Borderline Hypertension and the Role of the Defense Reflex (1982)

The differences between blood pressure (BP) readings taken in the clinic and during normal daily activities were assessed in two studies using a noninvasive ambulatory BP monitor (Avionics). In the first study 30 untreated hypertensive patients (17 with borderline pressures, average diastolic less than or equal to 95, and 13 established hypertensives, diastolics above 95) and 5 normotensive subjects had 30 readings taken in the physician's office and 30 while at home. Conventional sphygmomanometer BPs were also recorded in the office. In the borderline group home BPs were significantly lower than clinic BPs, whereas this difference was less marked for the established and normotensive group. In the second study BP was measured every 15 minutes for 24 hours in 25 normal subjects, 25 borderline and 25 established hypertensives, and readings categorized according to four recording situations: physician's office, work, at home, and sleep. BPs in all groups were highest at work and lowest asleep, and directional changes were similar. Both hypertensive groups showed higher BPs in the physician's office than at home, while normal subjects showed no difference. BPs recorded in the physician's office were good predictors of 24 hour average BP in normal and established hypertensive subjects, but not in the borderline group: in such patients 24 hour monitoring may be of particular value in evaluating the need for treatment.
On the use of virtual channels in networks of workstations with irregular topology (2000)

Networks of workstations are becoming increasingly popular as a cost-effective alternative to parallel computers. Typically, these networks connect workstations using irregular topologies, providing the wiring flexibility, scalability, and incremental expansion capability required in this environment. Recently, we proposed two methodologies for the design of adaptive routing algorithms for networks with irregular topology, as well as fully adaptive routing algorithms for these networks. These algorithms increase throughput considerably with respect to previously existing ones, but require the use of at least two virtual channels. In this paper, we propose a very efficient flow control protocol to support virtual channels when link wires are very long and/or have different lengths. This flow control protocol relies on the use of channel pipelining and control flits. Control traffic is minimized by assigning physical bandwidth to virtual channels until the corresponding message blocks or it is completely transmitted. Simulation results show that this flow control protocol performs as efficiently as an ideal network with short wires and flit-by-flit multiplexing. The effect of additional virtual channels per physical channel has also been studied, revealing that the optimal number of virtual channels varies with network size. The use of virtual channel priorities is also analyzed. The proposed flow control protocol may increase short message latency, due to long messages monopolizing channels and hindering the progress of short messages. Therefore, we have analyzed the impact of limiting the number of flits (block size) that a virtual channel may forward once it gets the link. Simulation results show that limiting the maximum block size causes the overall network performance to decrease.
Mapping of interaction domains between human repair proteins ERCC1 and XPF (1998)

ERCC1-XPF is a heterodimeric protein complexinvolved in nucleotide excision repair and recombinational processes. Like its homologous complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Rad10-Rad1, it acts as a structure-specific DNA endonuclease, cleaving at duplex-single-stranded DNA junctions. In repair, ERCC1-XPF and Rad10-Rad1 make an incision on the the 5'-side of the lesion. No humans with a defect in the ERCC1 subunit of this protein complex have been identified and ERCC1-deficient mice suffer from severe developmental problems and signs of premature aging on top of a repair-deficient phenotype. Xeroderma pigmentosum group F patients carry mutations in the XPF subunit and generally show the clinical symptoms of mild DNA repair deficiency. All XP-F patients examined demonstrate reduced levels of XPF and ERCC1 protein, suggesting that proper complex formation is required for stability of the two proteins. To better understand the molecular and clinical consequences of mutations in the ERCC1-XPF complex, we decided to map the interaction domains between the two subunits. The XPF-binding domain comprises C-terminal residues 224-297 of ERCC1. Intriguingly, this domain resides outside the region of homology with its yeast Rad10 counterpart. The ERCC1-binding domain in XPF maps to C-terminal residues 814-905. ERCC1-XPF complex formation is established by a direct interaction between these two binding domains. A mutation from an XP-F patient that alters the ERCC1-binding domain in XPF indeed affects complex formation with ERCC1.
Functional Analysis of the Cellular Receptor for Urokinase in Plasminogen Activation (1996)

Plasminogen activation catalyzed by the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) constitutes a reciprocal zymogen activation system, as plasmin can efficiently activate pro-uPA, the single-chain zymogenic form of the protease. We have previously shown that the overall efficiency of this plasminogen activation system is greatly enhanced by its assembly on the cell surface, involving binding of pro-uPA to its cellular binding site uPAR, and the concurrent cellular binding of plasminogen. We have now studied the effect of a recombinant soluble form of uPAR (residues 1-277) on the proteolytic reactions of this system. In contrast to the increased efficiencies of plasminogen activation and pro-uPA activation observed with cell-surface uPAR, soluble uPAR had an inhibitory effect on both of these individual reactions. Soluble uPAR also caused no increase in the low, but discernible, intrinsic activity of pro-uPA. Consistent with the observations on the isolated reactions, the overall activity of the pro-uPA-mediated plasminogen activation system was significantly inhibited. These observations confirm the previous interpretation of the observations made with cell-surface uPAR that the mechanism of the enhanced plasmin generation is due to the catalytically favorable interaction of uPAR-bound uPA/pro-uPA with cell-bound plasminogen/plasmin, rather than direct effects on the properties of uPA or pro-uPA on binding to uPAR.
TOSYLSULFONIUM IONS AND ACYLSULFONIUM IONS (1976)

Abstract When p-Tol-SO2-SMe and CF3-SO3Me were allowed to react in a sealed tube, p-Tol-SO2-⊕SMe2 CF3-SO2\ominus was isolated as crystals, which upon reaction with Et2NH yielded p-Tol-SO2NEt2. The reaction between p-Tol-SO2-⊕SMe and FSO3H did not yield p-Tol-SO2⊕SHMe FSO3\ominus but yielded p-Tol-⊕SO2H-SMe FSO3\ominus. From the reaction between PhCH2CO-SMe and CF3SO3Me, PhCH2CO-⊕SMe2 was not observable, and the products found were Me3S⊕ and PhCH2CO2Me.
Self-policing mobile ad hoc networks by reputation systems (2005)

Node misbehavior due to selfish or malicious reasons or faulty nodes can significantly degrade the performance of mobile ad hoc networks. To cope with misbehavior in such self-organized networks, nodes need to be able to automatically adapt their strategy to changing levels of cooperation. Existing approaches such as economic incentives or secure routing by cryptography alleviate some of the problems, but not all. We describe the use of a self-policing mechanism based on reputation to enable mobile ad hoc networks to keep functioning despite the presence of misbehaving nodes. The reputation system in all nodes makes them detect misbehavior locally by observation and use of second-hand information. Once a misbehaving node is detected it is automatically isolated from the network. We classify the features of such reputation systems and describe possible implementations of each of them. We explain in particular how it is possible to use second-hand information while mitigating contamination by spurious ratings.
Open Sensor Web Architecture: Core Services (2006)

As sensor network deployments begin to grow there emerges an increasing need to overcome the obstacles of connecting and sharing heterogeneous sensor resources. Common data operations and transformations exist in deployment scenarios and can be encapsulated into a layer of software services that hide the complexity of the underlying infrastructure from the application developer. NICTA Open Sensor Web Architecture (NOSA) is built upon the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standard defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), which is composed of a set of specifications, including SensorML, Observation & Measurement, Sensor Collection Service, Sensor Planning Service and Web Notification Service. NOSA presents a reusable, scalable, extensible, and interoperable service oriented Sensor Web architecture that (i) conforms to the SWE standard; (ii) integrates Sensor Web with Grid Computing and (in) provides middleware support for Sensor Webs.
Isogeometric Analysis and Shape Optimization in Fluid Mechanics (2012)

This thesis brings together the fields of fluid mechanics, as the study of fluids and flows, isogeometric analysis, as a numerical method to solve engineering problems using computers, and shape optimization, as the art of finding "best" shapes of objects based on some notion of goodness. The flow problems considered in the thesis are governed by the 2-dimensional, steady-state, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations at low to moderate Reynolds numbers. We use isogeometric analysis both to solve the governing equations, and as framework for the shape optimization procedure. Isogeometric analysis unites the power to solve complex engineering problems from finite element analysis (FEA) with the ability to effectively represent complex shapes from computer aided design (CAD). The methodology is appealing for flow modeling purposes also due to the inherent high regularity of velocity and pressure approximations, and for shape optimization purposes also due to its tight connection between the analysis and geometry models. The thesis is initiated by short introductions to fluid mechanics, and to the building blocks of isogeometric analysis. As the first contribution of the thesis, a detailed description is given of how isogeometric analysis is applied to flow problems. We present several new discretizations of the velocity and pressure spaces, we investigate these in terms of stability and error convergence properties, and a benchmark flow problem is analyzed. As the second contribution, we show how isogeometric analysis may serve as a natural framework for shape optimization within fluid mechanics. We construct an efficient regularization measure for avoiding inappropriate parametrizations during optimization, and various numerical examples of shape optimization for fluids are considered, serving to demonstrate the robustness of the method. As the third contribution, the methodology is extended to acoustics. We establish a coupled flow-acoustic model of sound propagation through flow in ducts based on isogeometric analysis. Validations using known acoustic duct modes demonstrate the powers of the methodology. Based on the model, we identify distinct geometric effects that enhance the sensitivity of the acoustic signal to the background flow. The thesis is concluded by suggestions for future studies within the field.
Synthesis and Reaction of 3-Fluoro-4-nitroquinoline 1-Oxide (1968)

3-Fluoroquinoline 1-oxide, which was prepared through the Schiemann reaction of 3-aminoquinoline, followed by N-oxygenation, was nitrated to 3-fluoro-4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The fluorine atom of this compound was replaced with nucleophiles such as OR- or NR2-containing compounds in neutral or alkaline media to afford 3-substituted 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide derivatives. The reaction with aqueous hydrogen chloride brought about the replacement of the nitro group to give 3-fluoro-4-chloroquinoline 1-xoide.
Analysis of a Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Clonal Group by Multilocus Sequence Typing (2005)

Although many strain typing methods exist for pathogenic Escherichia coli, most have drawbacks in terms of resolving power, interpretability, or scalability. For this reason, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is an appealing alternative. However, its applicability to different pathogens in specific epidemiologic contexts is not well understood. Here, we applied a previously established MLST method based on housekeeping genes to a well-characterized collection of uropathogenic E. coli isolates to compare the discriminatory ability of this procedure with that of enterobacterial repeat intergenic consensus (ERIC2) PCR, serogrouping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Among 45 E. coli isolates studied, 17 different multilocus sequence types (ST) were identified. One MLST group (designated ST69 complex) was comprised of 22 isolates, all belonging to uropathogenic and bacteremic E. coli strains previously defined as clonal group A (CgA) by ERIC2 PCR. The ST69 strains contained five different serogroups and 14 PFGE types. ERIC2 PCR CgA strains belonging to different MLST groups were also identified. Interestingly, one cow E. coli isolate, previously shown by PFGE to be closely related to a human uropathogenic CgA strain, was found to cluster with the ST69 strains. All of the other animal and environmental CgA isolates had different MLST profiles. The discriminatory power of this MLST method based on housekeeping genes appears to be higher than that of ERIC2 PCR but lower than that of PFGE for epidemiologic study of uropathogenic E. coli.