gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligonucleotides protect cells from the cytotoxicity of several anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. (1994)

The possibility of inhibiting gene expression with antisense oligonucleotides (AS ODNs) in combination with more conventional chemotherapy is a very attractive modality in oncology. However, possible interaction between the ODN and drug must be considered. Here we show that ODNs protect cells from the cytostatic/cytotoxic action of actinomycin D (AMD), adriamycin, daunomycin or quinacrine, but not mitomycin, camptothecin, vincristine, cisplatin, etoposide (VP-16) or cycloheximide. The cytoprotective effect depends on ODN length as well as ability to interact directly with the cytotoxic drug and is only slightly sequence selective.
Directional Asymmetry in Random Waves Near Shallow Water Regions – Its Application in Physical Modelling (2015)

In coastal engineering, short wave basin physical model studies have played a very vital role to support the optimization of harbour layout planning. Basically, these models are economical tools for simulation of complex 3-D wave process as in nature with 2-D approximation near wave generation boundary in model. The 2-D state of short period waves generated in model will transform to attain 3-D state due to directional spreading while travelling from the point of generation to the various locations of observations in the model. This transformation process in model depends on various factors like wave approach, bathymetric conditions, interaction with port structures etc. The wave refraction due to oblicity of the wave crest with the sea bed contour in the model is a dominating phenomenon which causes the directional spreading in the model. A shallow basin rigid bed physical model, equipped with random sea wave generating facilities from three directions, has been used to study the directional spreading of waves in the model from the wave generating point to different points of interest within the model. Based on these studies the directional changes for different oblicity of wave approach with respect to sea bed bathymetry in the model was identified. This serves as a good guideline for the location of wave generation boundary in the shallow basin physical model. This is useful in initial planning of the physical model like in identifying the size of the model try and model scale selection.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the<i>Bis-Nor</i>-Anachelin Chromophore as Potential Cyanobacterial Ligand (2005)

The cyanobacterial metabolite anachelin, postulated to serve as a biological ligand to Fe (siderophore), is composed of a fascinating blend of polyketide, peptide, and alkaloid building blocks. In particular, the latter consists of a N,N-dimethyltetrahydroquinolinium fragment, of which the biosynthesis is unknown. To investigate the role of this permanently positively charged fragment, we developed a synthesis of both the anachelin chromophore and its bis-nor derivative lacking the N,N-dimethyl groups starting from suitably protected nitro-DOPA in six and five steps, respectively, and in 50-64% overall yield. Both compounds were then compared for their chemical behavior toward oxidation. It was found that the bis-nor-anachelin chromophore is readily oxidized in solution in the presence of air, with a clear dependence of the rate of oxidation on the pH value. In addition, we could demonstrate that the enzyme tyrosinase, postulated to serve as key catechol oxidase in the biosynthesis of anachelin, also oxidized the bis-nor-hydroquinonamine derivative. Last, Fe(III) was shown to be an effective oxidant for the bis-nor-anachelin chromophore, resulting in all cases in the corresponding aminoquinone. In stark contrast, the anachelin chromophore resisted oxidation under various conditions surveyed (i.e., mediated by air, by tyrosinase, and by Fe(III)). In particular, Fe(III) was readily complexed by the anachelin chromophore, and the resulting complexes were characterized. In conclusion, these experiments demonstrate that the bis-nor-anachelin chromophore is unlikely to serve as cyanobacterial ligand, due to its instability toward oxidation. Moreover, the permanent quaternary ammonium group in anachelin renders the alkaloid chromophore much more stable against oxidation and thus results in its use as ligand for Fe(III).
Effects of Ammonium Chloride and Sulfate on Acid-Base Status and Calcium Metabolism of Dry Jersey Cows (1992)

Eight nonlactating, nonpregnant Jersey cows were used in a crossover experiment with two 28-d periods. The control diet consisted of corn silage plus a concentrate mix (68:32, DM basis). The treatment diet was the same, except that NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 (98 g of each/d per cow) were added to the concentrate. Cows fed the treatment diet had lower blood pH, higher ionized Ca in blood, and more urinary excretion of Ca, titratable acid, and ammonium than cows fed the control diet. For cows fed the treatment diet, ionized Ca in blood was greater after equal amounts of Na2-EDTA were infused to both treatment groups, and treatment cows recovered faster after infusion of Na2-EDTA was stopped than did control cows. The treatment diet induced mild metabolic acidosis and increased the cows' ability to maintain normal blood Ca concentrations; it potentially could reduce incidence of milk fever.
Combination of Vancomycin and β-Lactam Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia: A Pilot Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (2015)

Combining an antistaphylococcal β-lactam with vancomycin may shorten the duration of MRSA bacteremia. Further trials with a larger sample size and objective clinically relevant end points are warranted. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000940077 (www.anzctr.org.au).
Relationship of Skin Target Site Free Drug Concentration (C*) to the In Vivo Efficacy: An Extensive Evaluation of the Predictive Value of the C* Concept Using Acyclovir as a Model Drug (1997)

For the past few years, our laboratory has been involved in the development of a novel approach for predicting topical in vivo efficacy based on the estimation of skin target site free drug concentration (C*) from in vitro flux data. We have used acyclovir (ACV) as a model drug in the treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in hairless mice. The goal of this study was to rigorously evaluate the applicability of this approach over the entire range of topical efficacy (i.e., from 0 to 100%). We employed a variety of ACV formulations differing in solvent compositions, enhancers, and excipients (and therefore in their efficacies) to achieve this goal. The C* values were estimated from the in vitro flux data obtained in an in vivo-in vitro experimental design that closely approximated the in vivo treatment protocol. For the in vivo antiviral efficacy studies, a finite dose of ACV formulation was applied twice a day, beginning the day after virus inoculation, for 4 days. The lesions were scored on the fifth day, and the efficacies were calculated as described earlier. Our results indicate that, for a variety of formulations over a wide range of efficacies, the predictions based on C* are in good agreement with the observed in vivo efficacies. These findings strongly demonstrate the predictive value of C* over the entire range of topical efficacy, thereby further strengthening its potential for future studies. The findings also indicate that although the excipients in a formulation may alter the rate and extent of available drug at the target site, in these cases, they do not seem to have any effect on the in vivo potency of the drug.
Thermal-mechanical models for non-conforming surface contacts (2002)

Thermal and mechanical models for contact, gap and joint resistances are presented for non-conforming, smooth hemi-spherical surfaces. The spreading/constriction resistance relation is applicable for light mechanical loads, and the gap resistance relation was developed for gap substances such as gases, liquids and greases. The joint resistance of the interface formed by a silicon chip and a smaller aluminum heat sink was developed and an illustrative example typical of microelectronic applications was presented.
Topological Entanglement Rényi Entropy and Reduced Density Matrix Structure (2009)

We generalize the topological entanglement entropy to a family of topological Rényi entropies parametrized by a parameter alpha, in an attempt to find new invariants for distinguishing topologically ordered phases. We show that, surprisingly, all topological Rényi entropies are the same, independent of alpha for all nonchiral topological phases. This independence shows that topologically ordered ground-state wave functions have reduced density matrices with a certain simple structure, and no additional universal information can be extracted from the entanglement spectrum.
Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles as Efficient Cocatalysts for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting (2012)

Tungsten carbide exhibits platinum-like behavior, which makes it an interesting potential substitute for noble metals in catalytic applications. Tungsten carbide nanocrystals (≈5 nm) are directly synthesized through the reaction of tungsten precursors with mesoporous graphitic C(3)N(4) (mpg-C(3)N(4)) as the reactive template in a flow of inert gas at high temperatures. Systematic experiments that vary the precursor compositions and temperatures used in the synthesis selectively generate different compositions and structures for the final nanocarbide (W(2)C or WC) products. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the WC phase with a high surface area exhibits both high activity and stability in hydrogen evolution over a wide pH range. The WC sample also shows excellent hydrogen oxidation activity, whereas its activity in oxygen reduction is poor. These tungsten carbides are successful cocatalysts for overall water splitting and give H(2) and O(2) in a stoichiometric ratio from H(2)O decomposition when supported on a Na-doped SrTiO(3) photocatalyst. Herein, we present tungsten carbide (on a small scale) as a promising and durable catalyst substitute for platinum and other scarce noble-metal catalysts in catalytic reaction systems used for renewable energy generation.
Windows Me Secrets (2000)

From the Publisher:
Microsoft® Windows Me Millennium Edition Secrets® For nearly a decade, Brian Livingston and Davis Straub have been tracking down the shortcuts, tune-ups, fixes, and workarounds that let you get more done  and have more fun  with Microsoft Windows. From streamlining Internet access to tweaking the Registry, their latest guide delivers hundreds of Windows Me secrets that will take your productivity to a new level. Take control of Windows® Me
*Replace the Windows logo screens when you boot up (see Chapter 3)
*Launch an application from your scanner or digital camera (see Chapter 4)
*Set up a small network quickly and cheaply (see Chapter 18)
*Beef up encryption for Internet Explorer 5.5 (see Chapter 26)
*Create a command line shortcut for Outlook Express (see Chapter 27)
*Troubleshoot NetMeeting sound card problems (see Chapter 33)
*Fine-tune your caching and swapping to boost performance (see Chapter 39)
*Save time with Win key keyboard shortcuts (see Chapter 42)
*Enable surround sound (see Chapter 47)
Myc-Induced MicroRNAs Integrate Myc-Mediated Cell Proliferation and Cell Fate (2010)

The Myc pathway, often deregulated in cancer, is critical in determining cell fate by coordinating a gene expression program that links the control of cell proliferation with cell fate decisions. As such, precise control of the Myc pathway activity must be achieved to ensure faithful execution of appropriate cellular response and to prevent progressing toward a malignant state. With recent highlighted roles of microRNAs (miRNA) as critical components of gene control, we sought to evaluate the extent to which miRNAs may contribute in the execution of Myc function. Combined analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles reveals an integration whereby the Myc-mediated induction of miRNAs leads to the repression of various mRNAs encoding tumor suppressors that block cell proliferation including p21, p27, and Rb. In addition, the proapoptotic PTEN tumor suppressor gene is also repressed by Myc-induced miRNAs, suggesting that Myc-induced miRNAs contribute to the precise control of a transcriptional program that coordinates the balance of cell proliferation and cell death.
Upregulated Surface Expression of Intracellularly Sequestered Ig<b>ɛ</b> Receptors (Fc<b>ɛ</b>RII/CD23) Following Activation in Human Peripheral Blood Eosinophils (1999)

We investigated the regulation, secretion, and surface expression of the low-affinity FcepsilonRII receptor (CD23) in eosinophils isolated from human blood using multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed at different epitopes of human CD23. Substantial surface expression of CD23 was not demonstrated in the resting state. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) measured by flow cytometry was 7. 1 +/- 0.8 for 9P25 mAb (p = NS) and 15.7 +/- 3.8 for BU38 mAb (p <. 04) versus 5.3 +/- 1.0 for IgG1 isotype control Ab. By contrast, MFI using BU38 mAb was 154 +/- 18 for JY-B lymphocytes (p <.0001 versus eosinophils). Despite weak surface expression, eosinophil permeabilization demonstrated substantial intracellular expression of CD23; MFI was 33.6 +/- 5.2 for 9P25 mAb versus 4.4 +/- 0.43 for IgG control (p <.001). Western blot analysis using both positive and negative controls demonstrated immunological identity with CD23 on JY-B lymphocytes. Activation of eosinophils caused rapid translocation of CD23 to the surface membrane (160 +/- 33 MFI; p <. 005), which was maximal within 30 sec. Secretory CD23 was detected within the perfusate also at 30 sec and was fully reinternalized at 10 min. This is the first demonstration of the presence of intracellular CD23 in human eosinophils. Our data indicate that eosinophils rarely express CD23 on their surface but are capable of transient high-level expression and secretion with rapid reuptake of intracellular stores of CD23.
Combined speech and channel coding for mobile radio communications (1994)

We present a combined speech and channel coding scheme for digital mobile communications. The speech coding algorithm is based on code-excited linear prediction (CELP) and it provides good communication quality speech at a rate of 4 kbps. For the channel code, both rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes and punctured Reed-Solomon (PRS) codes are considered. In the case of RCPC codes, soft decision decoding is considered, in addition to the simpler hard decision decoding. The modulation format chosen in our study is /spl pi//4-DQPSK with differential detection. Unequal error protection is used based on the bit error sensitivities of the different speech parameters. The performance of the combined speech and channel codec is studied under different mobile channel conditions, such as fade rates, signal-to-noise ratios, and interleaving delays. The results indicate that, with no interleaving delay and a large channel signal-to-noise ratio, PRS codes and RCPC codes with soft decision decoding have similar performance, given in terms of the segmental signal-to-noise ratio (SSNR) of the reconstructed speech. At low channel SNR, RCPC codes with soft decision decoding are significantly better than PRS codes. Informal listening tests were also conducted and the results indicate that the difference between the quality of the reconstructed speech in an error-free channel and that in a Rayleigh fading channel is imperceptible at channel SNRs larger than 20 dB for both the RCPC and the PRS-based codecs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polarity Measurement for Ionic Liquids Containing Dissociable Protons (2004)

Abstract Polarity of a series of ionic liquids (ILs) prepared by neutralization of N-alkylimidazoles and acids was measured with solvatochromic dye, Nile Red. Polarity of the N-alkylimidazolium salt-type ILs was in the comparable range to that of N,N′-dialkylimidazolium salt-type ILs. In the range, higher polarity was found when stronger acid (small pKa value in water) was used. This is the first report on the polarity of ILs containing dissociable protons.
A<sub>1</sub>-Adenosine receptor antagonists (1997)

Potent and selective A1-adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists (derivatives of xanthine or other heterocyclic structures) have been developed during the past ten years. Recently, the problem of low water solubility found with these groups of compounds has been addressed with the introduction of hydrophilic groups in positions tolerated by the receptor. Cloning of the A1-AR of several species, including humans, has allowed mutagenesis studies to identify the binding site for agonists and antagonists. Computer modelling of the pharmacophore has been useful for developing more potent and selective ligands. Modelling of the receptor protein was attempted, but remains speculative. The first generation of A1-selective AR antagonists is under clinical development for different indications, including dementias, such as Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension and renal failure. New potential indications are being discovered and investigated, particularly in heart (treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, oedemas, as positive inotropes and as cardiac protectants), kidney (treatment of oedemas, nephritis, nephrosis syndrome), lung (asthma, oedema, lung protective) and central nervous system (CNS) (depression, stress, coma) diseases. A1-selectivity is important for specific actions and for reducing undesired side-effects, e.g., increase in locomotor activity.
Abstract 1664: Maternal embryonic leucine aipper kinase (MELK) is a critical regulator of proliferation and is independently prognostic in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (2011)

Abstract Background: Molecularly targeted therapies such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and trastuzumab are useful for the treatment of breast cancer. However, these targeted therapies do not treat all breast cancers, especially estrogen receptor alpha (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, HER2-negative (“triple-negative”) breast cancer. Our lab previously used gene expression profiling of human breast cancers to identify kinases overexpressed in ER-negative breast cancers. One of the kinases highly expressed in a poor prognosis group of triple negative breast cancers is maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that MELK expression is upregulated in ER-negative breast cancers, and to test the hypothesis that MELK is a critical regulator of ER-negative breast cancer cell growth. Methods: RNA from breast cancer cell lines and 60 human breast tumors was isolated for Q-PCR analysis of MELK. To determine if MELK regulates cell proliferation, ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell lines were transfected with siRNA targeting MELK. Cells were replated 36 hours after transfection in 96-well plates at a density of 2,000/well. Cell number was measured by the MTS assay every day for 6 days. To determine if MELK levels are independently prognostic, we performed uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis, including all available biological characteristics of the tumor in the model. Results: MELK mRNA levels were significantly higher (p&lt;0.02) in ER-negative breast cancers (20.2 ± 7 fold) compared to ER-positive breast cancers (5.0 ± 2 fold). In 6 of 7 ER-negative cell lines, MELK knockdown suppressed growth (≥50% growth inhibition) compared to cells transfected with control siRNA. MELK knockdown had little to no effect on growth of the 3 ER-positive cell lines tested. Importantly, in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, high MELK expression was shown to be independently associated with a poor prognosis, [HR=1.19 95% CI: (1.05, 1.36) p=0.007]. Current studies are focused on understanding how MELK regulates ER-negative cell growth, using ER-negative cell lines stably expressing an inducible dominant negative MELK protein. Conclusions: MELK is highly expressed in ER-negative breast cancer, essential for ER-negative breast cancer cell growth, and is independently prognostic. These findings suggest that MELK is a promising target for the treatment of ER-negative breast cancer. Supported by a Susan G. Komen for the Cure Promise Grant. (KG081694). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1664. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1664
A Novel Role for Embigin to Promote Sprouting of Motor Nerve Terminals at the Neuromuscular Junction (2009)

Adult skeletal muscle accepts ectopic innervation by foreign motor axons only after section of its own nerve, suggesting that the formation of new neuromuscular junctions is promoted by muscle denervation. With the aim to identify new proteins involved in neuromuscular junction formation we performed an mRNA differential display on innervated versus denervated adult rat muscles. We identified transcripts encoding embigin, a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) class of cell adhesion molecules to be strongly regulated by the state of innervation. In innervated muscle it is preferentially localized to neuromuscular junctions. Forced overexpression in innervated muscle of a full-length embigin transgene, but not of an embigin fragment lacking the intracellular domain, promotes nerve terminal sprouting and the formation of additional acetylcholine receptor clusters at synaptic sites without affecting terminal Schwann cell number or morphology, and it delays the retraction of terminal sprouts following re-innervation of denervated endplates. Conversely, knockdown of embigin by RNA interference in wild-type muscle accelerates terminal sprout retraction, both by itself and synergistically with deletion of neural cell adhesion molecule. These findings indicate that embigin enhances neural cell adhesion molecule-dependent neuromuscular adhesion and thereby modulates neuromuscular junction formation and plasticity.
3D vessel axis extraction using 2D calibrated x-ray projections for coronary modeling (2003)

A new approach for 3D vessel centreline extraction using multiple, ECG-gated, calibrated X-ray angiographic projections of the coronary arteries is described. The proposed method performs direct extraction of 3D vessel centrelines, without the requirement to either first compute prior 2D centreline estimates, or perform a complete volume reconstruction. A front propagation-based algorithm, initialised with one or more 3D seed points, is used to explore a volume of interest centred on the projection geometry's isocentre. The expansion of a 3D region is controlled by forward projecting boundary points into all projection images to compute vessel response measurements, which are combined into a 3D propagation speed so that the front expands rapidly when all projection images yield high vessel responses. Vessel centrelines are obtained by reconstructing the paths of fastest propagation. Based on these axes, a volume model of the coronaries can be constructed by forward projecting axis points into the 2D images where the borders are detected. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated via a comparison of automatically extracted centrelines with 3D centrelines derived from manually segmented projection data.