gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METABOLIC FATES AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES OF THIOPURINES. (1963)

The urinary metabolites of a number of S-substituted derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) have been determined in both mouse and man. The metabolic fates of 6-MP, 6-(1-methyl-4-nitro-5-imidazolyl)thiopurine (B.W. 57-322) and 6-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)thiopurine (B.W. 59-318) are similar with respect to the amounts of free 6-MP and 6-thiouric acid excreted by both species. The dealkylation of 6-methylthiopurine is greater than that of 6-propylthiopurine in man, whereas in the mouse the opposite appears to be true. In man a predominant metabolite of the alkylthiopurines is the corresponding 6-alkylsulfinyl-8-hydroxypurine; in the mouse this pathway of inactivation is minor. The relative antitumor activities of these compounds can be correlated with their metabolic fates in the two species.

The catabolism of 6-MP to thiouric acid and sulfate is diminished by the administration of an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, 4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4- d )pyrimidine. This enzyme inhibition results in a several-fold potentiation in the antitumor activities of both 6-MP and 6-chloropurine when tested against Adenocarcinoma 755 in mice, and an improvement in the chemotherapeutic index of 6-chloropurine and possibly 6-MP in this system.
Gefitinib in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2005)

Gefitinib is active in NSCLC. It is well tolerated with minimal side-effects. Symptomatic improvement was found in the majority of patients treated with gefitinib. There may be a role for gefitinib in the palliation of symptoms in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Modified rate-monotonic algorithm for scheduling periodic jobs with deferred deadlines (1993)

The deadline of a request is the time instant at which its execution must complete. The deadline of the request in any period of a job with deferred deadline is some time instant after the end of the period. The authors describe a semi-static priority-driven algorithm for scheduling periodic jobs with deferred deadlines: each job is assigned two priorities, the higher one for old requests and the lower one for the current request. This algorithm is called the modified rate-monotonic algorithm and is based on the well-known rate-monotonic algorithm. It is shown that the modified rate-monotonic algorithm is optimal when the deadline of every job is deferred by max (1, gamma -1) periods or more, where gamma is the ratio between the longest period and the shortest period. When the deadline of each job is deferred by one period of the job, any set of n independent jobs whose total utilization is equal to or less than (1+n(2/sup 1/n/-1))/2 can be feasibly scheduled by this algorithm. This bound approaches 0.845 when n approaches infinity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research advances in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2014)

In recent years,the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD) has increased gradually along with the rising prevalence of obesity,type 2 diabetes,and hyperlipidemia,and NAFLD has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world and the second major liver disease after chronic viral hepatitis in China. However,its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Animal models are playing an important role in researches on NAFLD due to the facts that the development and progression of NAFLD require a long period of time,and ethical limitations exist in conducting drug trials in patients or collecting liver tissues from patients. The animal models with histopathology similar to that of NAFLD patients are reviewed,and their modeling principle,as well as the advantages and disadvantages,are compared. Animal models provide a powerful tool for further studies of NAFLD pathogenesis and drug screening for prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Solution and solid-phase halogen and C–H hydrogen bonding to perrhenate (2014)

(1)H NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic investigations of a 1,3-bis(4-ethynyl-3-iodopyridinium)benzene scaffold with perrhenate reveal strong halogen bonding in solution, and bidentate association in the solid state. A nearly isostructural host molecule demonstrates significant C-H hydrogen bonding to perrhenate in the same phases.
CTH03-6: Approaching MIMO-OFDM Capacity with Closed-Loop V-BLAST (2006)

In this paper, power-efficient transmission schemes are studied for MIMO-OFDM block-fading channels under the assumption that the channel is perfectly known at the receiver but unknown at the transmitter. Based on the well-known V-BLAST architecture that employs the horizontal encoding and the interference-nulling based successive decoding, this paper presents a closed-loop V-BLAST extension for MIMO-OFDM whereby the transmit rate and power as well as the assigned transmit antenna for each data stream at different OFDM tones are jointly optimized at the receiver and then fed back to the transmitter. Simulation results have confirmed that the closed- loop V-BLAST architecture is able to approach closely the MIMO-OFDM channel capacity attained through the eigenmode transmission that requires the complete channel feedback from the receiver to the transmitter.
Metalorganic polymer route to superconducting yttrium-barium-copper-oxide wire (2003)

A metalorganic polymer process for producing both wires and coated wires is presented. High-molecular-weight metalorganic polymers are synthesized which contain yttrium, barium, and copper. These linear polymers, which are thermoplastic and highly soluble in common solvents, can be utilized for wire drawing and coating processes by controlling the polymer viscosity. The processing chemistry and the fabrication techniques for preparing superconducting ceramics by this method are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gauging software readiness with defect tracking (1997)

In the competitive commercial software market, companies feel compelled to release software the moment it is ready. Their task is treacherous, treading the line between releasing poor quality software early and high quality software late, Finding a sound answer to the question: "is the software good enough to release now?" can be critical to a company's survival. That answer is, sometimes based on gut instinct, but several techniques can put this judgment on firmer footing.
Enzyme inhibition by nitro and nitroso compounds (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleEnzyme inhibition by nitro and nitroso compoundsTheodore A. Alston, David J. T. Porter, and Harold J. BrightCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1983, 16, 11, 418–424Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00095a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00095a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Speed X-ray Phase Imaging with Grating Interferometer and White Synchrotron Light (2010)

Taking advantage of the fact that an X‐ray Talbot interferometer functions with X‐rays of a broad energy band width, high‐speed X‐ray phase imaging and tomography have been achieved by using white synchrotron light. An X‐ray phase tomogram could be measured with a 0.25 s exposure. Furthermore, a series of X‐ray phase tomograms, in other words, a four‐dimensional X‐ray phase tomogram, could be reconstructed with a tomogram frame rate of 25.5 fps. This achievement advances X‐ray phase imaging/tomography from a technique for static imaging to one for dynamic imaging of weakly absorbing objects.
Combining Meta-learning and Search Techniques to SVM Parameter Selection (2010)

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have achieved very good performance on different learning problems. However, the success of SVMs depends on the adequate choice of a number of parameters, including for instance the kernel and the regularization parameters. In the current work, we propose the combination of Meta-Learning and search techniques to the problem of SVM parameter selection. Given an input problem, Meta-Learning is used to recommend SVM parameters based on well-succeeded parameters adopted in previous similar problems. The parameters returned by Meta-Learning are then used as initial search points to a search technique which will perform a further exploration of the parameter space. In this combination, we envisioned that the initial solutions provided by Meta-Learning are located in good regions in the search space (i.e. they are closer to the optimum solutions). Hence, the search technique would need to evaluate a lower number of candidate search points in order to find an adequate solution. In our work, we implemented a prototype in which Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to select the values of two SVM parameters for regression problems. In the performed experiments, the proposed solution was compared to a PSO with random initialization, obtaining better average results on a set of 40 regression problems.
Electrospun poly(<scp>D,L</scp>‐lactide) fibers for drug delivery: The influence of cosolvent and the mechanism of drug release (2009)

Abstract Controlled‐drug release from electrospun fibers has found important biomedical applications in wound healing, transdermal delivery, and tissue engineering. In this study, poly( D,L ‐lactide) (PDLLA) was electrospun into ultrafine fibers and loaded with tetracycline (TC) or chlorotetracycline (CTC) as model drugs. The influence of a cosolvent (methanol) at various concentrations was studied regarding physical properties, morphology, and in vitro release profiles of the drugs from the PDLLA nanofibers. Swelling tests in a physiological buffer solution were performed to determine the extent and rate of swelling of the fiber mats. The results showed that for both drugs electrospun fiber diameters decreased with increasing amounts of cosolvent, whereas water contact angles and drug‐loading efficiency increased. However, similar in chemical structure, the two drugs exhibited considerably different release mechanisms. The results indicated that the concentration of methanol changed the release profiles mainly based on the morphology of the resultant nanofibers and the polymer/drug/solvent interaction during the electrospinning and drug release process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
60 gHz MAC and network design (2016)

Recent technology advances are poised to enable low-cost, low-power communications in the 7 GHz of unlicensed spectrum at 60 GHz millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies. However, mmW systems that meet the Gb/s data rate demands of wireless multimedia applications must overcome severe propagation effects, including high path loss and high diffraction loss. Consequently, nodes in the network will have to use directional antennas. The narrow main beam widths of directional antennas introduce design challenges for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols but, at the same time, provide opportunities for routing protocols to improve the network capacity through better spatial reuse. The small wavelength of a 60 GHz signal can help to achieve high directional antenna gain, but it also precludes diffraction around humans, furniture, and similarly-sized objects. These obstacles penalize a 60 GHz link budget by 20-30dB. Therefore, when people are in motion, 60 GHz network links go on and off frequently due to human body blockage; this introduces new design challenges for both routing and transport protocols. In this dissertation, we propose solutions at the MAC and network layer to address the above challenges. In particular, we first propose an enhanced directional MAC (EDMAC) to resolve the unfairness and low channel utilization issues of deafness in directional MAC protocols for 60 GHz networks. We then study single path routing and find that shortest path routing often fails to exploit the high spatial reuse properties of directional antennas. We propose two heuristic routing algorithms, namely HOP-FP and FP-HOP, which combine the fattest-path (FP) and minimum-hop (HOP) metrics, with and without the consideration of interference. We then employ multipath routing for 60 GHz networks to fully utilize the high spatial reuse property of directional antennas. We develop an online node-disjoint path discovery process to find multiple node-disjoint paths between the source and the destination without knowledge of the global topology. In addition, we model the characteristics of link outages that are induced by pedestrian blockage. Based on analytic models and MATLAB simulation results, we show that link blockages can be mitigated by multipath routing schemes with blockage timers for broken paths. We use the ns-2 simulator to validate all proposed protocols in this dissertation.
Amorphous and Crystalline Titanium and Iron-Titanium Oxides in Synthetic Preparations, at Near Ambient Conditions, and in Soil Clays (1978)

Abstract A series of mixed iron and titanium oxide coprecipitates ranging in composition between 0 < Ti/Ti + Fe < 1 was synthesized and aged under varying conditions of pH, temperature and time in order to establish a working model for pedogenic titanium and titano-ferric oxides. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), selective chemical dissolution, magnetic susceptibility, charge distribution and electron optical data indicate that the freshly prepared Fe-Ti oxides consist of an Fe-rich (Ti-ferrihydrite) phase (Ti/Ti + Fe ⩽ 0.70) having pH-dependent positive charge and a Ti-rich phase (Ti/Ti + Fe ⩾ 0.7) with permanent and pH dependent negative charge. Synthetic Ti-ferrihydrite and amorphous TiO 2 were completely soluble in acid ammonium oxalate (2 hr extraction in the dark) whereas poorly crystalline anatase (width at half height, WHH > 2.0°2 θ ) was partly oxalate soluble. NH 4 -oxalate soluble Ti was particularly high in soils developed under a cool montane climate (afro-alpine) and lower in soils of warmer subtropical climate, which contain anatase and rutile. Several mixed Fe-Ti crystalline phases were identified after aging NH 3 coprecipitates of Fe and Ti nitrate at 70°C and pH 5.5 for 70 days: (1) goethite and hematite in the composition range 0 < Ti/Ti + Fe ⩽ 0.20; at low Ti concentrations (<5 mole %) goethite was favored and/or hematite inhibited (2) microcrystalline pseudorutile in the composition range 0.20 ⩽ Ti/Ti + Fe ⩽ 0.70 (3) anatase and ferriferous anatase in the range 0.70 ⩽ Ti/Ti + Fe < 1.0; with decreasing proportion of Ti the crystal-Unity of anatase decreased. The results suggest that secondary or pedogenic Ti-Fe oxides can form by coprecipitation and crystallization in the weathering solution, and emphasize the essential role of water (as opposed to dry oxidation) in the alteration of primary titaniferous minerals.
TRANSPORT MECHANISMS FOR ORGANIC FORMS OF CARBON AND NITROGEN BETWEEN SOURCE AND SINK (2004)

Sugars and amino acids are generated in plants by assimilation from inorganic forms. Assimilated forms cross multiple membranes on their way from production sites to storage or use locations. Specific transport systems are responsible for vacuolar uptake and release, for efflux from the cells, and for uptake into the vasculature. Detailed phylogenetic analyses suggest that only proton-coupled cotransporters involved in phloem loading have been identified to date, whereas systems for vacuolar transport and efflux still await identification. Novel imaging approaches may provide the means to characterize the cellular events and elucidate whole plant control of assimilate partitioning and allocation.
Genetically engineered bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co-expressing IFN-γ and IL-10 inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating MAPK pathway. (2019)

The co-expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 in BMSCs inhibits HCC in vitro and in vivo by modulating cell cycle regulators and MAPK pathway.
Density functional theory: Modelling of surface tensions for molecular fluids (1994)

Abstract Both density profiles, surface tension and the corresponding phase equilibria are governed by the same intermolecular forces. Thus an appropriate theoretical model should be able to describe both interfacial and bulk properties by the same interaction potential. The Local Density Approximation to the Density Functional Theory is applied to the modelling of surface tension and saturated liquid densities of nonpolar molecular fluids. To take into account the nonspherical molecular shape a site‐site Lennard‐Jones interaction potential is used. The reference system is described by a hard convex body equation of state whereas the attractive contributions to the free energy were obtained from a mean‐field approximation. For a series of diatomics structures (O 2 , N 2 , CO, Cl 2 , ethane, ethylene) and convex core geometries (n‐alkanes, benzene, CCl 4 ) potential parameters were estimated using surface tensions and liquid densities. The geometrical parameters for the n‐alkanes could be extrapolated up to n‐octane. A functional dependence of the potential parameters on the chain length and geometry of the molecule is discussed.
Breaking the memory secrecy assumption (2009)

Many countermeasures exist that attempt to protect against buffer overflow attacks on applications written in C and C++. The most widely deployed countermeasures rely on artificially introducing randomness in the memory image of the application. StackGuard and similar systems, for instance, will insert a random value before the return address on the stack, and Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) will make the location of stack and/or heap less predictable for an attacker.
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Fentanyl (2018)

Fentanyl rose to prominence as an alternative analgesic to morphine nearly 50 years ago; today, fentanyl has re-emerged as a dangerous recreational substance. The increased potency and analgesic effect of fentanyl are advantageous in the treatment of pain but are also responsible for the rise in unintentional opioid overdose deaths. In response to this crisis, fentanyl, its analogues, and even precursors are under heightened regulatory scrutiny. Despite this controversial history, derivatization of fentanyl has resulted in numerous synthetic analogues that provide valuable insights into opioid receptor binding and signaling events. In this review, the impact of fentanyl on chemical neuroscience is shown through its synthesis and properties, manufacturing, metabolism, pharmacology, approved and off-label indications, adverse effects, and the responsibility it has in the opioid epidemic.
Influence of microfine-contaminated sand from Mandulog River system in Iligan City, Philippines on the performance of concrete (2022)

The presence of microfines in the concrete matrix is a concern, as it affects the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. As such, aggregates quarried from rivers with considerable amounts of microfines need to undergo a pretreatment process to remove the microfines, which could be a costly endeavor. This is the case for aggregates quarried from Mandulog River in Iligan City, Philippines, where microfines are present. This paper, therefore, set out to find the influence of the microfines on the performance of concrete by determining its effect on the slump, the water demand, and compressive strength of concrete with microfines from 1 to 6% at 1% increment of the weight of fine aggregates. Experimental results showed that microfines in concrete could affect the slump and water demand for concrete minimally. In particular, the compressive strength at the 28th-day curing period was not significantly affected; thus, it can be concluded that microfines of up to 6% of the weight of fine aggregates can be tolerated for concretes produced using aggregates from the Mandulog River system.
[Clinical application of alkaline phosphatase bone-isoenzyme determination with acetate foil]. (1983)

Clinical application of alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme determination using acetate foil is investigated in patients with known underlying disease and is compared with diagnostic evaluation of 112 bone-scans. The separation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes proves a valuable diagnostic support of bone scintigraphy. Isoenzyme determination moreover reveals primary and secondary bone changes in early stages of the disease and also offers the possibility of quantitative follow-ups.
Mechanically active materials in three-dimensional mesostructures (2018)

Complex, three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures that incorporate advanced, mechanically active materials are of broad, growing interest for their potential use in many emerging systems. The technology implications range from precision-sensing microelectromechanical systems, to tissue scaffolds that exploit the principles of mechanobiology, to mechanical energy harvesters that support broad bandwidth operation. The work presented here introduces strategies in guided assembly and heterogeneous materials integration as routes to complex, 3D microscale mechanical frameworks that incorporate multiple, independently addressable piezoelectric thin-film actuators for vibratory excitation and precise control. The approach combines transfer printing as a scheme for materials integration with structural buckling as a means for 2D-to-3D geometric transformation, for designs that range from simple, symmetric layouts to complex, hierarchical configurations, on planar or curvilinear surfaces. Systematic experimental and computational studies reveal the underlying characteristics and capabilities, including selective excitation of targeted vibrational modes for simultaneous measurements of viscosity and density of surrounding fluids. The results serve as the foundations for unusual classes of mechanically active 3D mesostructures with unique functions relevant to biosensing, mechanobiology, energy harvesting, and others.