gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of microstructures in novel supramolecular ionic materials based on azobenzene (2008)

Light-induced mass transport in azobenzene functionalized polymers has been used for generation of surface relief gratings (SRG) for different optical applications. The effect of grating formation has been ascribed to the light-induced motion of the azobenzene chromophores involving the covalently bound polymer chains. We propose a concept of supramolecular materials for the effective all-optical generation of surface relief structures and optical anisotropy. The materials are based on the non-covalent interactions between charged photochromic azobenzene units and oppositely charged polymer matrix, for example polyelectrolytes including charged alkoxysilanes. This new supramolecular approach opens a new way for the simple, cost effective and environment friendly preparation from building blocks of a variety of materials for the effective formation of SRG. Up to 1.65 μm deep relief gratings were inscribed onto a few micrometers thick films of these materials. The high thermal stability of the induced structures has been explained in terms of the network of oppositely charged ions inherent to the materials. Also 2D-structures, for example square and hexagonal gratings, were inscribed by the successive recordings. The latter possibility was also used to generate gratings with non-sinusoidal profiles by Fourier transform technique. A new technique to control the grating profile has been developed based on the real-time process of grating formation in these materials. The gratings with sow-tooth like profiles were induced by this method. The diffraction efficiencies up to 60 % in one diffraction order were achieved.
Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of a typical hydrophobic monomer of styrene within microreactor of shell‐corona hollow microspheres suspending in water (2010)

Abstract Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a typical hydrophobic monomer of styrene within microreactor of shell‐corona hollow microspheres of poly(styrene‐ co ‐methacrylic acid) suspending in water is studied. The shell‐corona hollow microspheres contain a hydrophilic corona of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and a cross‐linked polystyrene shell, which can suspend in water because of the hydrophilic corona of PMAA. The size of the shell‐corona hollow microspheres is about 289 nm and the extent of the microcavity of the hollow microsphere is 154 nm. These shell‐corona hollow microspheres can act as microreactor, within which the typical hydrophobic monomer of styrene, the RAFT agent of S ‐benzyl dithiobenzoate and the initiator of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile can be encapsulated and RAFT polymerization of styrene takes place in well controlled manner in water. It is found that the resultant polymer of polystyrene has a competitively low polydispersity index and its number‐average molecular weight linearly increases with monomer conversion. The method is believed to be a new strategy of RAFT polymerization of hydrophobic monomer in aqueous solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
The Effect of Aromatics, MTBE, Olefins and T90 on Mass Exhaust Emissions from Current and Older Vehicles - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Exhaust emissions were measured as a function of gasoline composition in two fleets of vehicles - 20 1989 vehicles and 14 1983-1985 vehicles. Eighteen different gasolines were tested which varied in aromatic, olefin, and MTBE content and in the 90 percent distillation temperature (T<sub>90</sub>). Subject to the cautions and qualifications described in the body of this paper, mass exhaust emissions in both fleets of vehicles were affected by changes in fuel composition. Responses to changes in MTBE and olefins were similar in both fleets: adding MTBE reduced emissions of HC and CO, and reducing olefins lowered emissions of NO<sub>x</sub> while raising emissions of HC. In the current fleet, reducing aromatics lowered HC and CO, while in the older fleet, reducing aromatics raised HC and lowered NO<sub>x</sub>. In the current fleet, lowering T<sub>90</sub> reduced HC over 20%, while raising NO<sub>x</sub> slightly. In the older fleet, lowering T<sub>90</sub> reduced HC by only 6%. Regression equations were developed which satisfactorily describe the variations in the data. In addition, other analyses were carried out which help to understand the differences between the fleets and between technology types.</div>
Improving the performance of list intersection (2009)

List intersection is a central operation, utilized excessively for query processing on text and databases. We present list intersection algorithms for an arbitrary number of sorted and unsorted lists tailored to the characteristics of modern hardware architectures. Two new list intersection algorithms are presented for sorted lists. The first algorithm, termed Dynamic Probes , dynamically decides the probing order on the lists exploiting information from previous probes at runtime. This information is utilized as a cache-resident microindex. The second algorithm, termed Quantile-based , deduces in advance a good probing order, thus avoiding the overhead of adaptivity and is based on detecting lists with non-uniform distribution of document identifiers. For unsorted lists, we present a novel hash-based algorithm that avoids the overhead of sorting. A detailed experimental evaluation is presented based on real and synthetic data using existing chip multiprocessor architectures with eight cores, validating the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
Concentration and Activity of the Soluble Form of the Interleukin-7 Receptor α in Type 1 Diabetes Identifies an Interplay Between Hyperglycemia and Immune Function (2013)

Soluble interleukin-7 (IL-7) receptor α (sCD127) is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We show that serum sCD127 concentrations are increased at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D; n = 390) as compared with concentrations in age-matched islet autoantibody-negative first-degree relatives of patients (n = 392; P = 0.00001). sCD127 concentration in patients was influenced by islet autoantibody status (P = 0.003) and genotype of the rs6897932 single nucleotide polymorphism within the IL-7RA gene (P = 0.006). Release of sCD127 in vitro was strongly upregulated by activation of T lymphocytes and affected by exposure to cytokines. sCD127 bound IL-7 and was antagonistic to IL-7 signaling and IL-7-mediated T-cell proliferation, suggesting a regulatory feedback mechanism on T-cell expansion. Remarkably, high glucose led to a glycated form of sCD127 that was ineffective as an IL-7 antagonist. The finding of glycated sCD127 in the circulation of patients at onset of T1D suggested that physiological regulation of IL-7-mediated T-cell survival and expansion by sCD127 may be compromised in T1D. The findings indicate that genetic, immunologic, and metabolic factors contribute to a dysregulation of the IL-7/IL-7 receptor pathway in T1D and identify a novel hyperglycemia-mediated interference of immune regulatory networks.
Microwave assisted synthesis of Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> colloidal nanoparticle inks (2012)

Abstract Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) nanoparticle inks were synthesized for the first time by a one‐pot synthesis method using microwave heating. Precursor solutions were mixed and reacted at 190 °C for 30 min. Varying the initial concentration of the metal chlorides in ethylene glycol was necessary to avoid formation of copper rich and zinc poor nanoparticles. Analysis of the reaction supernatant indicates that Cu + was fully utilized while significant amounts of Zn 2+ remained unreacted. The CZTS nanoparticles were determined to be 7.6 ± 2.1 nm in diameter and were found to agglomerate into larger clusters. A solar cell fabricated with the CZTS nanoparticles had a conversion efficiency of 0.25%.
Dietary factors and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. (1987)

Dietary factors in the etiology of ovarian cancer were investigated with the use of data from a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 455 histologically confirmed epithelial carcinomas and 1,385 control subjects in the hospital for acute conditions unrelated to any of the known or potential risk factors for cancer of the ovary. Women with ovarian cancer reported significantly elevated frequency of consumption of meat [relative risk (RR) = 1.6 for greater than or equal to 7 vs. less than 4 portions/wk], ham (RR = 1.9 for greater than or equal to 4 vs. less than 2 portions/wk), and higher subjective scores of fat intake (RR = 2.1 for highest vs. lowest scores), particularly butter. In contrast, consumptions of fish, green vegetables, carrots, and wholemeal bread or pasta were less frequent in cases; the corresponding risk estimates for highest versus lowest frequencies ranged between 0.6 and 0.8. These results were not materially modified by adjustment for indicators of socioeconomic status, parity, and other identified determinants of ovarian cancer. No relation emerged between alcohol consumption and ovarian cancer risk. The present study provides interesting indications that help to explain the considerable variations in ovarian cancer rates in different populations and, if confirmed, could, in principle, have important public health implications. Due caution, however, is required in interpreting the present results because of the limitations of available information and of the uncertainties of other published material concerning diet and ovarian cancer.
Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide: from pathophysiology to therapeutic opportunities in obesity‐associated disorders (2011)

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a hormone secreted from the intestinal K-cells with established insulin-releasing actions. However, the GIP receptor is widely distributed in peripheral organs, including the adipose tissue, gut, bone and brain, where GIP modulates energy intake, cell metabolism and proliferation, and lipid and glucose metabolism, eventually promoting lipid and glucose storage. In diabetes and obesity, the incretin effect of GIP is blunted, while the extrapancreatic tissues keep a normal sensitivity to this hormone. As GIP levels are normal or elevated in obesity and diabetes, mounting evidence from chemical or genetic GIP deletion in animal models of obesity-related diabetes suggests that GIP may have a pro-obesogenic action and that a strategy antagonizing GIP action may be beneficial in these conditions, clearing triglyceride deposits from adipose tissue, liver and muscle, and restoring normal insulin sensitivity. Emerging evidence also suggests that the metabolic benefits of bypass surgery are mediated, at least in part, by surgical removal of GIP-secreting K-cells in the upper small intestine.
Fabrication of silica nanocomposite-cups using electrospraying (2006)

We have investigated a new process for the fabrication of nanocomposite cups by electrospraying blended polymer–sol–gel solutions followed by calcination. Due to the low viscosity and high surface tension of the blended polymer–sol–gel solutions, the electrostatically extruded continuous liquid jet from the spray source became tiny droplets with diameters of less than 1 µm. These droplets dried in transit and were collected at the counter electrode. To eliminate polymers, as well as cross-link sol–gel material, they were calcined at 850 °C for 3 h. We also investigated a probable method to control the morphology of the nanocups by changing the ionic concentration of the polymer solution. This is a simple and efficient approach for producing nanocomposite cups, which cannot be made by the aggregation method. These nanocomposite cups may find applications in drug delivery and filtration media.
Optimizing User Association and Spectrum Allocation in HetNets: A Utility Perspective (2015)

The joint user association and spectrum allocation problem is studied for multi-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) in both downlink and uplink in the interference-limited regime. Users are associated with base-stations (BSs) based on the biased downlink received power. Spectrum is either shared or orthogonally partitioned among the tiers. This paper models the placement of BSs in different tiers as spatial point processes and adopts stochastic geometry to derive the theoretical mean proportionally fair utility of the network based on the coverage rate. By formulating and solving the network utility maximization problem, the optimal user association bias factors and spectrum partition ratios are analytically obtained for the multi-tier network. The resulting analysis reveals that the downlink and uplink user associations do not have to be symmetric. For uplink under spectrum sharing, if all tiers have the same target signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), distance-based user association is shown to be optimal under a variety of path loss and power control settings. For both downlink and uplink, under orthogonal spectrum partition, it is shown that the optimal proportion of spectrum allocated to each tier should match the proportion of users associated with that tier. Simulations validate the analytical results. Under typical system parameters, simulation results suggest that spectrum partition performs better for downlink in terms of utility, while spectrum sharing performs better for uplink with power control.
Transposition of the gram-positive transposon Tn917 in Escherichia coli (1986)

The streptococcal transposon Tn917 was demonstrated to transpose in Escherichia coli from the Bacillus subtilis-E. coli shuttle plasmid pHK1207 into an F' plasmid derivative. Subsequently, a second round of transposition from the F' plasmid into pACYC184 could be readily demonstrated. These results represent the initial demonstration of the transposition of a gram-positive transposon in a gram-negative bacterium at a relatively high frequency.
Subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate versus leuprolide acetate in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain (2005)

DMPA-SC 104 reduces endometriosis-associated pain as effectively as leuprolide and improves productivity with significantly less BMD decline.
An extracellular protease produced by Vibrio anguillarum. (1985)

The toxicity of extracellular products (ECP) of Vibrlo anguillarum proved to consist in a protease. The extracellular protease was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and gel filtration, and it showed the following characteristics:1. The LD ?? values of the purified protease to goldfish and mouse were 1.7 and 1.6μgprotein/g weight, respectively.2. The molecular weight of the purified protease was estimated to be 36, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.3. Three serotypes of V. anguillarum produced a common protease in antigenicity.4. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of the enzyme was 7 ?? 8 and 50°C, respectively.5. The protease was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
Food‐derived polyphenols inhibit pancreatic cancer growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis (2002)

There is increasing evidence that food-derived polyphenols have a beneficial effect for cancers. Our purpose was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of these compounds on pancreatic cancer. We measured effects of quercetin on pancreatic cancer in a nude mouse model. We also investigated the effects of quercetin, rutin, trans-resveratrol and genistein on apoptosis and underlying signaling in pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro. Quercetin decreased primary tumor growth, increased apoptosis and prevented metastasis in a model of pancreatic cancer. In vitro quercetin and trans-resveratrol, but not rutin, markedly enhanced apoptosis, causing mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release followed by caspase-3 activation. In addition, the effect of a combination of quercetin and trans-resveratrol on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activity was greater than the expected additive response. The inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition prevented cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis caused by polyphenols. Nuclear factor-kappa B activity was inhibited by quercetin and trans-resveratrol, but not genistein, indicating that this transcription factor is not the only mediator of the polyphenols' effects on apoptosis. The results suggest that food-derived polyphenols inhibit pancreatic cancer growth and prevent metastasis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in cytochrome c release, caspase activation and apoptosis.
An Appraisal of the Geophysical Effects of the Mount Isa Ore Bodies (1992)

In past years, regional to detailed gravity and aeromagnetic surveys have been employed to develop a greater understanding of the geology in and around the Mount Isa copper and silver-lead-zinc ore bodies. In recent years, several downhole electromagnetic (DHEM) surveys have been conducted, primarily to target further massive sulphide mineralisation. This paper will present some of the results from these geophysical surveys.Gravity data show a complex but clearly anomalous effect over the mineralisation. A large negative anomaly is correlated with a zone of deep oxidation and leaching in the footwall, with a complex but strong positive anomaly associated with the silica dolomite alteration and silver-lead-zinc mineralisation.Aeromagnetic data over the ore zone are partly obscured by the cultural effects of the city and mine. The removal of the cultural effects has been attempted by measuring the field at a number of terrain clearances and then calculating an actual vertical gradient. These vertical gradients were then used to compute a ‘culture’ filter. The data, after filtering the cultural effects, suggested that the silver-lead-zinc ore bodies produce an anomaly with a magnitude of approximately 35 nT.Two holes have been probed using DHEM. The results show a complex superposition of responses from many sources and demonstrate the applicablilty of DHEM in exploring for base-metal mineralisation, within the conductive environment at Mount Isa. They also show the heterogeneous nature of the system given the differing responses from both holes.
Activities of Copper Chromite Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Ethanol (1970)

脱水素用亜クロム酸銅系触媒の活性究明の一助とするために, 純エタノールの脱水素反応に対して, 細孔内拡散の影響度を考慮した速度評価を行なった。すなわち, 工業用円柱触媒 [A,(CuO-Cr2[CuO4]系);径:0.490～0.495cm, 高さ:0.217～0.407cmとG-13,(Cr2[CuO4]系);径:0.476～0.479cm, 高さ:0.215～0.285cm]のそれぞれ, 代表寸法(ΣVpi/ΣSOi;ΣVpi:見かけ容積の和,ΣS0i:見かけ外表面積の和)の異なるものに対して, 触媒Aは 200～300℃で, 触媒 G-13 は 200～350℃ で, 常圧・等温流通系操作によって, 触媒見かけ単位容積当りおよび単位質量当りの, 外部抵抗の無視できる場合の定常速度 (ra および ra'= ra/ρa;ρa:見かけ密度) を測定し, それぞれの速度差から総括有効係数(η0) を評価した。さらに,η0による補正を加えて, 固有速度値(rt = ra/η0, rt'=rt/ρa) を下式のように求め, また, 同一寸法 (ΣVpi/ΣS0i) における見かけ速度 (ra, ra') を推算し, 定量的な活性対比を行なった。A:rt=1.07×105exp(-10, 400/RgT), rt'=5.16×104exp(-10, 400/RgT)G-13:rt=6.92×105exp(-11,600/RgT), rt'=2.68×105exp(-11,600/RgT)
The study of behaviour in personality psychology: Meaning, importance and measurement (2009)

The target paper was intended to initiate dialogue about challenges to personality psychology's progress as a truly behavioural science, and the commentaries' diverse reactions underscore the fact that these issues do indeed merit serious discussion. This response addresses several broad questions raised in the commentaries—what is behaviour, is behaviour of primary importance yet understudied, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of core types of behavioural data? In addition, it addresses an issue raised in several commentaries, but only briefly mentioned in the target paper—the fact that behaviour can be conceptualized and measured at multiple levels of abstraction. These issues have implications for the nature of personality psychology and for the research conducted by personality psychologists. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aluminium nitride films on glass (2014)

Purpose of this work is to realize AlN films with preferred crystal orientation on a magnetron sputtering system at different pressure values, in particular towards low-pressure gas discharge operative range, where few data are available in literature. In this respect, explored operative pressures have been 0.07 and 0.12 Pa, together with the more common values of 0.3 and 0.7 Pa. Reactive Ar-N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> mixtures (50%-50% and 0%-100%) and a DC-pulsed power supply have been used, and films have been deposited on glass substrate. Films thicknesses have been measured with surface profiler, and XRD analyses have been performed. Experimental data are presented; the best results with respect to adhesion, deposition rate and film crystallinity with the same deposition time have been obtained with mixtures 50% Ar - 50% N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at 0.12 and 0.3 Pa.
Agricultural Robotics for Field Operations (2020)

Modern agriculture is related to a revolution that occurred in a large group of technologies (e.g., informatics, sensors, navigation) within the last decades. In crop production systems, there are field operations that are quite labour-intensive either due to their complexity or because of the fact that they are connected to sensitive plants/edible product interaction, or because of the repetitiveness they require throughout a crop production cycle. These are the key factors for the development of agricultural robots. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature has been conducted on research and commercial agricultural robotics used in crop field operations. This study underlined that the most explored robotic systems were related to harvesting and weeding, while the less studied were the disease detection and seeding robots. The optimization and further development of agricultural robotics are vital, and should be evolved by producing faster processing algorithms, better communication between the robotic platforms and the implements, and advanced sensing systems.
Highly Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes of Colloidal Metal–Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals beyond Quantum Size (2017)

Colloidal metal-halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with a dimension less than the exciton Bohr diameter D<sub>B</sub> (quantum size regime) emerged as promising light emitters due to their spectrally narrow light, facile color tuning, and high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE). However, their size-sensitive emission wavelength and color purity and low electroluminescence efficiency are still challenging aspects. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on the colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) in a dimension > D<sub>B</sub> (regime beyond quantum size) by using a multifunctional buffer hole injection layer (Buf-HIL). The perovskite NCs with a dimension greater than D<sub>B</sub> show a size-irrespective high color purity and PLQE by managing the recombination of excitons occurring at surface traps and inside the NCs. The Buf-HIL composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and perfluorinated ionomer induces uniform perovskite particle films with complete film coverage and prevents exciton quenching at the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite particle film interface. With these strategies, we achieved a very high PLQE (∼60.5%) in compact perovskite particle films without any complex post-treatments and multilayers and a high current efficiency of 15.5 cd/A in the LEDs of colloidal perovskite NCs, even in a simplified structure, which is the highest efficiency to date in green LEDs that use colloidal organic-inorganic metal-halide perovskite nanoparticles including perovskite QDs and NCs. These results can help to guide development of various light-emitting optoelectronic applications based on perovskite NCs.