gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Coronavirus 229E: Receptor Binding Domain and Neutralization by Soluble Receptor at 37°C (2003)

Truncated human coronavirus HCoV-229E spike glycoproteins containing amino acids 407 to 547 bound to purified, soluble virus receptor, human aminopeptidase N (hAPN). Soluble hAPN neutralized the infectivity of HCoV-229E virions at 37 degrees C, but not 4 degrees C. Binding of hAPN may therefore trigger conformational changes in the viral spike protein at 37 degrees C that facilitate virus entry.
Aldosterone induces rapid apical translocation of ENaC in early portion of renal collecting system: possible role of SGK (2001)

Aldosterone controls sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN). Although clearance measurements have shown that aldosterone induces these transports within 30--60 min, no early effects have been demonstrated in vivo at the level of the apical epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), the main effector of this regulation. Here we show by real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence that an aldosterone injection in adrenalectomized rats induces alpha-ENaC subunit expression along the entire ASDN within 2 h, whereas beta- and gamma-ENaC are constitutively expressed. In the proximal ASDN portions only, ENaC is shifted toward the apical cellular pole and the apical plasma membrane within 2 and 4 h, respectively. To address the question of whether the early aldosterone-induced serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) might mediate this apical shift of ENaC, we analyzed SGK induction in vivo. Two hours after aldosterone, SGK was highly induced in all segment-specific cells of the ASDN, and its level decreased thereafter. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, SGK induced ENaC activation and surface expression by a kinase activity-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, the rapid in vivo accumulation of SGK and alpha-ENaC after aldosterone injection takes place along the entire ASDN, whereas the translocation of alpha,beta,gamma-ENaC to the apical plasma membrane is restricted to its proximal portions. Results from oocyte experiments suggest the hypothesis that a localized activation of SGK may play a role in the mediation of ENaC translocation.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Arylation of Azole Heteroarenes via Direct C−H Bond Functionalization (2003)

[reaction: see text] We herein report a new cobalt-catalyzed method for arylation of azole heteroarenes, including thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and benzimidazole. The direct arylation of thiazole and oxazole was achieved both with iodo- and bromoarenes as the aryl donors in the presence of cobalt catalyst [Co(OAc)(2)/IMes] and cesium carbonate, while imidazole required the use of zinc oxide as the base. A complete reversal of arylation from C-5 to C-2 was accomplished using the bimetallic Co/Cu/IMes system. A direct comparison of the new cobalt method and the previously developed palladium protocol revealed significant differences, in terms of both chemical yield and selectivity.
2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Fermentation (1969)

Metabolic function of Gluconobacter melanogenus toward sorbitol and related sugar derivatives was examined by using resting cells of the organism. From the results, together with the previous findings obtained by the growing cultures, the overall pathway of sorbitol metabolism in G. melanogenus was proposed as presented in Fig. 2.
Real-Time Simulation For Verification Of Tactical Electronic Warfare System (1978)

In recent years, electronic warfare (EW) systems have become more and more reliant upon digital technology. Usually they include a digital computer with appropriate software programs used to control the various functions of the system, analyze EW signals, and in some cases, command the countering of the same signals. One of the first digital systems, truly software programmable, is the F-15 Tactical Electronics Warfare System (TEWS).
Subpellicular microtubules associate with an intramembranous particle lattice in the protozoan parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (1997)

Application of Fourier analysis techniques to images of isolated, frozen-hydrated subpellicular microtubules from the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii demonstrates a distinctive 32 nm periodicity along the length of the microtubules. A 32 nm longitudinal repeat is also observed in the double rows of intramembranous particles seen in freeze-fracture images of the parasite's pellicle; these rows are thought to overlie the subpellicular microtubules. Remarkably, the 32 nm intramembranous particle periodicity is carried over laterally to the single rows of particles that lie between the microtubule-associated double rows. This creates a two-dimensional particle lattice, with the second dimension at an angle of approximately 75 degrees to the longitudinal rows (depending on position along the length of the parasite). Drugs that disrupt known cytoskeletal components fail to destroy the integrity of the particle lattice. This intramembranous particle organization suggests the existence of multiple cytoskeletal filaments of unknown identity. Filaments associated with the particle lattice provide a possible mechanism for motility and shape change in Toxoplasma: distortion of the lattice may mediate the twirling motility seen upon host-cell lysis, and morphological changes observed during invasion.
Structural and IgE Binding Analyses of Recombinant Der p 2 Expressed from the Hosts <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pichia pastoris</i> (2009)

<i>Background:</i> The house dust mite allergen Der p 2 is one of the most important indoor allergens associated with allergic disease. Recombinant Der (rDer) p 2 with high IgE binding activity can be readily produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, but the structure and IgE binding of the different methods of preparation have not been compared. <i>Methods:</i> Secondary structure was assessed by circular dichroism (CD). Intrinsic fluorescence and hydrophobic probe (1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulphonic acid, ANS) were used to study the Der p 2 hydrophobic cavity. IgE binding was assessed by ELISA inhibition. <i>Results:</i> CD analysis showed the expected secondary structure for both nDer p 2 and refolded Der p 2 prepared from <i>E. coli</i> inclusion bodies but primarily random structure for Der p 2 secreted from <i>P. pastoris</i>. The secreted product, however, had disulphide bonding and could be refolded to a similar structure to natural Der (nDer) p 2 after precipitation with trichloro-acetic or ammonium sulphate. ANS binding and intrinsic Trp92 fluorescence showed that all recombinant proteins were different to nDer p 2 and that the allergen secreted from <i>P. pastoris</i> did not form a hydrophobic cavity. Despite the marked structural changes, all preparations of Der p 2 had similar IgE binding to nDer p 2. <i>Conclusion:</i> Despite almost identical IgE binding, rDer p 2 prepared from both <i>E. coli</i> and <i>P. pastoris</i> showed structural differences to nDer p 2. Der p 2 secreted from <i>P. pastoris</i> lacked most of the natural structure, but refolding could induce the natural structure.
Mining evidences for named entity disambiguation (2013)

Named entity disambiguation is the task of disambiguating named entity mentions in natural language text and link them to their corresponding entries in a knowledge base such as Wikipedia. Such disambiguation can help enhance readability and add semantics to plain text. It is also a central step in constructing high-quality information network or knowledge graph from unstructured text. Previous research has tackled this problem by making use of various textual and structural features from a knowledge base. Most of the proposed algorithms assume that a knowledge base can provide enough explicit and useful information to help disambiguate a mention to the right entity. However, the existing knowledge bases are rarely complete (likely will never be), thus leading to poor performance on short queries with not well-known contexts. In such cases, we need to collect additional evidences scattered in internal and external corpus to augment the knowledge bases and enhance their disambiguation power. In this work, we propose a generative model and an incremental algorithm to automatically mine useful evidences across documents. With a specific modeling of "background topic" and "unknown entities", our model is able to harvest useful evidences out of noisy information. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches significantly: boosting the disambiguation accuracy from 43% (baseline) to 86% on short queries derived from tweets.
Relationship between actual motor competence and self-perception in adults (2018)

Scientific evidence indicates that perceived competence is associated with motor performance in children and adolescents; however, little is known about this phenomenon in the adult population. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between self-perception and performance of fundamental motor skills (FMS) in adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 119 adults (M = 19.8 ± 4.5 years) volunteered to participate in the study. The Self-Perception Profile for Adults (Messer & Harter, 2012) and the Test for Fundamental Motor Skills in Adults (Jiménez-Díaz et al., 2013) were used to evaluate self-perception and motor performance, respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance and canonical correlations were used to analyzed the data. Results and Discussion: The results showed that participants with efficient performance in locomotor skills had greater perceived competence in athletic abilities. In addition, men were found to have a more positive self-perception of their physical appearance than women. Also, it was found that perceived competence in athletic abilities is more related to FMS than it is to the dimensions of physical appearance and global self-worth. In conclusion, the level of performance of FMS is associated with perceived competence in athletic abilities in adults.
Analysis and reduction of moire patterns in scanned halftone pictures (1996)

In this dissertation we provide a comprehensive theory for the formation of a moire pattern in a sampled halftone image. We explore techniques for restoring a sampled halftone image with a moire pattern and techniques for preventing a moire pattern when a halftone picture is scanned. Specifically, we study the frequency, phase, and spatial geometry of a moire pattern. We observe and explain the half period phase reversal phenomenon that a moire pattern may exhibit. As a case study, we examine the moire patterns generated by a commercial scanner. We propose three restoration methods, including a notch filtering method, a simulation method, and a relaxation method. We also describe a moire prevention method, the partial inverse Fourier transform method. Finally, we propose a research agenda for further investigation.
Fatigue testing median sternotomy closures (2001)

In our sheep sternum model, we have quantified the differing rate of cutting through bone of five types of median sternotomy closure techniques. We have controlled for bone variables by testing each closure versus standard closure using paired adjacent bone samples. Peristernal and sternal band closure techniques are significantly superior to standard closure. The use of polyester and figure-of-eight closures requires caution.
Isolation and Characterization of a 25-Kilodalton Protein from Mouse Testis: Sequence Homology with a Phospholipid-Binding Protein1 (1992)

A 25-kDa epididymal secretory protein (MEP 9), isolated from mouse epididymal fluid, has recently been characterized in our laboratory [Rankin et al., Biol Reprod 1992; 46:747-766]. The polyclonal antibody raised against this protein was found to recognize a 25-kDa component in epididymal fluid and testicular extract. The 25-kDa testicular antigen (MTP) was purified by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography; MTP was found to be similar to MEP 9 in several properties including molecular mass (25 kDa), isoelectric point (pI 6.0), and immunoreactivity when the proteins were resolved in the presence of SDS (one-dimensional and two-dimensional PAGE). However, when the proteins were resolved under non-denaturing conditions, MTP showed strong immunoreactivity while MEP 9 did not. This observation suggests that although the 25-kDa antigens from the epididymal fluid and testicular extract are quite similar, they may have different immunological conformations. When analyzed for amino acid composition and partial amino acid sequence, the testicular antigen showed substantial homology (> 80%) with a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein characterized from bovine brain. MTP also showed phosphatidylethanolamine-binding activity (Kd = 1.95 x 10(-5) M, Bmax = 1.86 nmol/micrograms MTP), suggesting that the mouse 25-kDa protein is a member of the phospholipid-binding protein family and may have a role in lipid metabolism during sperm maturation.
Small Computer Systems Interface protocol over the Internet (iSCSI) Requirements and Design Considerations (2002)

This document specifies the requirements iSCSI and its related infrastructure should satisfy and the design considerations guiding the iSCSI protocol development efforts. In the interest of timely adoption of the iSCSI protocol, the IPS group has chosen to focus the first version of the protocol to work with the existing SCSI architecture and commands, and the existing TCP/IP transport layer. Both these protocols are widely-deployed and well-understood. The thought is that using these mature protocols will entail a minimum of new invention, the most rapid possible adoption, and the greatest compatibility with Internet architecture, protocols, and equipment.
Characterization and antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli of a helium/air plasma at atmospheric pressure created in a plastic package (2012)

Abstract A plasma source, sustained by the application of a floating high voltage (±15 kV) to parallel-plate electrodes at 50 Hz, has been achieved in a helium/air mixture at atmospheric pressure ( P = 10 5 Pa) contained in a zip-locked plastic package placed in the electrode gap. Some of the physical and antimicrobial properties of this apparatus were established with a view to ascertain its performance as a prototype for the disinfection of fresh produce. The current–voltage ( I – V ) and charge–voltage ( Q – V ) characteristics of the system were measured as a function of gap distance d , in the range (3 × 10 3 ⩽ Pd ⩽ 1.0 × 10 4 Pa m). The electrical measurements showed this plasma source to exhibit the characteristic behaviour of a dielectric barrier discharge in the filamentary mode and its properties could be accurately interpreted by the two-capacitance in series model. The power consumed by the discharge and the reduced field strength were found to decrease quadratically from 12.0 W to 4.5 W and linearly from 140 Td to 50 Td, respectively, in the range studied. Emission spectra of the discharge were recorded on a relative intensity scale and the dominant spectral features could be assigned to strong vibrational bands in the 2+ and 1− systems of N 2 and , respectively, with other weak signatures from the NO and OH radicals and the N + , He and O atomic species. Absolute spectral intensities were also recorded and interpreted by comparison with the non-equilibrium synthetic spectra generated by the computer code SPECAIR. At an inter-electrode gap of 0.04 m, this comparison yielded typical values for the electron, vibrational and translational (gas) temperatures of (4980 ± 100) K, (2700 ± 200) K and (300 ± 100) K, respectively and an electron density of 1.0 × 10 17 m −3 . A Boltzmann plot also provided a value of (3200 ± 200 K) for the vibrational temperature. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by studying the resistance of both Escherichia coli K12 its isogenic mutants in soxR , soxS , oxyR , rpoS and dnaK selected to identify possible cellular responses and targets related with 5 min exposure to the active gas in proximity of, but not directly in, the path of the discharge filaments. Both the parent strain and mutants populations were significantly reduced by more than 1.5 log cycles in these conditions, showing the potential of the system. Post-treatment storage studies showed that some transcription regulators and specific genes related to oxidative stress play an important role in the E. coli repair mechanism and that plasma exposure affects specific cell regulator systems.
Proglucagon Processing in an Islet Cell Line: Effects of PC1 Overexpression and PC2 Depletion (1998)

Proglucagon (proG) is differentially processed in the A cells of the pancreas to yield glucagon, and in the L cells of the intestine to generate glicentin, oxyntomodulin, the incretin glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-17–36NH2 and the intestinotropin GLP-2. To establish roles for the prohormone convertases PC1 and PC2 in proG processing within the context of a physiological model, we created stable cell lines from an islet-derived cell line, InR1-G9. These cells express proG and PC2, but not PC1, messenger RNA (mRNA). InR1-G9 cells were stably transfected with PC1 or antisense PC2. Selection was carried out in G418 (InR1-G9/PC1) or Zeocin (InR1-G9/ASPC2). Both PC1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in InR1-G9/PC1 cells (P < 0.01–0.001) compared with wild-type (WT) cells. Cells transfected with ASPC2 demonstrated significant decreases in both PC2 mRNA (P < 0.001) and protein (P < 0.05) levels. ProG-derived peptides in WT, control, InR1-G9/PC1, and InR1-G9/ASPC2 cells were identified by HPLC and RIA. Overexpression of PC1 in InR1-G9 cells resulted in increased processing to glicentin (P < 0.01), oxyntomodulin (P < 0.05), and GLP-2 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, processing to GLP-17–36NH2 did not increase upon transfection of PC1. Transfection of InR1-G9 cells with ASPC2 resulted in the disappearance of glicentin (P< 0.05). However, production of glucagon was not altered by antisense deletion of PC2. Surprisingly, GLP-17–36NH2 production appeared to be augmented (P < 0.05) in InR1-G9/ASPC2 cells, whereas GLP-2 production was not altered. In conclusion, these studies establish the role of PC1 in the processing of proG to the intestinal proG-derived peptides. This study also establishes a role for PC2 in the production of glicentin; however, the liberation of glucagon appears to be mediated by another, yet to be identified, convertase.
Lateral Solid-Phase Recrystallization from the Crystal Seed Selectively Formed by Excimer Laser Annealing in Ge-Ion-Implanted Amorphous Silicon Films (2000)

A new recrystallization method improving the electrical properties of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) and reducing the fluctuation of the electrical characteristics among them is proposed. It can be realized by the amorphization of poly-Si films through Ge-ion implantation, the crystallization of the drain region, which functions as a crystal seed in the subsequent process, through excimer laser annealing (ELA), and lateral solid-phase recrystallization (LSPR) from the drain to the source along the channel through furnace annealing. In this study, basic experiments are performed to determine the optimum condition of ELA for the formation of the crystal seed with good crystallinty and to investigate the aspect of LSPR growth from the seed.
Activation of pro-(matrix metalloproteinase-2) (pro-MMP-2) by thrombin is membrane-type-MMP-dependent in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and generates a distinct 63 kDa active species (2001)

Thrombin, a critical enzyme in the coagulation cascade, has also been associated with angiogenesis and activation of the zymogen form of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2 or gelatinase-A). We show that thrombin activated pro-MMP-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cultured human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to generate a catalytically active 63kDa protein that accumulated as the predominant form in the conditioned medium. This 63kDa thrombin-activated MMP-2 is distinct from the 62kDa species found following concanavalin A or PMA stimulated pro-MMP-2 activation. Hirudin and leupeptin blocked thrombin-induced pro-MMP-2 activation, demonstrating that the proteolytic activity of thrombin is essential. However, activation was also dependent upon membrane-type-MMP (MT-MMP) action, since it was blocked by EDTA, o-phenanthroline, hydroxamate metalloproteinase inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and TIMP-4, but not TIMP-1. Thrombin inefficiently cleaved recombinant 72kDa pro-MMP-2, but efficiently cleaved the 64kDa MT-MMP-processed intermediate form in the presence of cells. Thrombin also rapidly (within 1h) increased cellular MT-MMP activity, and at longer time points (&gt;6h) it increased expression of MT1-MMP mRNA and protein. Thus signalling via proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) may play a role in thrombin-induced MMP-2 activation, though this does not appear to involve PAR1, PAR2, or PAR4 in HUVECs. These results indicate that in HUVECs the activation of pro-MMP-2 by thrombin involves increased MT-MMP activity and preferential cleavage of the MT-MMP-processed 64kDa MMP-2 form in the presence of cells. The integration of these proteinase systems in the vascular endothelium may be important during thrombogenesis and tissue remodelling associated with neovascularization.
Study of Molecular Reaction on Titanium Oxide by the Scanning Atom Probe (2006)

In this study, we investigated the covalent materials by using a scanning atom probe (SAP) developed by Nishikawa, et al. SAP relaxes the severe requirement of the extremely sharp and slender shaping of sample for an analysis by conventional atom probe (AP). In the application of AP to non-metallic specimens with a low electron conductivity can be overcome by using pulsed laser beam for excitation. Discrete organic molecules and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were examined. CNTs gave mass spectra of few dominant fragments which reflected its one-dimensional homogeneous structure. Discrete molecules showed their molecular ion peaks in their AP mass spectra, which confirmed the softness of the field ionization process. The molecular ion peak disappeared when titania micro crystal was used as substrate in AP measurement. The change in the fragment pattern suggested the emergence of photocatalytic decomposition of adsorbed molecules on titania by laser irradiation. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2006.521]
AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy for CRB1-Hereditary Retinopathies (2019)

Variations in the Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1) gene lead to autosomal recessive retinal dystrophies such as early-onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). No treatment is yet available for these patients. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene therapy for hereditary retinal diseases holds great promise proven by the large number of active clinical trials. We here summarized the knowledge about the localization and function of CRB1 in the retina and the main pathological features resulting from loss of CRB1 function in humans and in rodents. This know-how is being applied to design and develop AAV gene therapy vectors for the treatment of CRB1-Hereditary retinopathies. Knowing which cell types express the CRB proteins, the possible redundancy of function between CRB1 and CRB2, and the AAV tropism in the human retina, will allow us to rationalize about the AAV capsid, promoter and route of administration that should be used in the AAV vector in order to efficiently and specifically deliver CRB1 or CRB2 into the human retina.