gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of semiconductor laser amplifier induceddistortion and crosstalk for WDM systems using light injection (1996)

Semiconductor laser amplifiers cause both distortion and crosstalk in WDM systems due to gain saturation. A method using light injection is experimentally demonstrated to reduce distortion and crosstalk. In a two-channel experiment with a data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s, it is found that light injection can eliminate the BER floor due to distortion and crosstalk.
<i>In vivo</i>and<i>in vitro</i>formation of morphinone from morphine in rat (1997)

1. Morphinone, a toxic metabolite, and its glutathione adduct (MO-GSH) were identified in the bile of rat after subcutaneous injection of morphine (25 mg/kg) by hplc procedures. The amounts of morphinone and MO-GSH excreted in the 12-h bile were 0.8 +/- 0.3 and 8.4 +/- 4.3% respectively. 2. The 9000 g supernatants of rat, guinea pig, rabbit, mouse, hamster and bovine livers produced morphinone from morphine in the presence of either NAD+ or NADP+, NAD+ was a more efficient cofactor than NADP+ except in the guinea pig which equally utilized both cofactors. With NAD+ as cofactor, the amounts of morphinone formed in rat and guinea pig were 5.70 and 5.82 mumol/g liver/30 min respectively and were three-to-four times those in other species. 3. The enzyme activity responsible for formation of morphinone from morphine in the rat was almost exclusively distributed in the microsomal fraction, whereas guinea pig, hamster and bovine expressed the enzyme activity mainly in the cytosolic fraction. Rabbit and mouse gave higher activity in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions respectively, but other fractions of both species contained considerable activity. 4. The enzyme activities in male and female rat microsomes were characterized with respect to developmental pattern, kinetic parameters, pH dependency and susceptibility to inhibitors. 5. In conclusion the metabolism of morphine to morphinone in rat was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. It is also suggested that this pathway is a common route in morphine metabolism in several mammalian species.
An electrical test system for conductor formation process analysis (1994)

Sandia National Laboratories has designed and built an electrical test system which fulfills a requirement to quickly, accurately and precisely measure the resistance of conductors formed on Printed Wiring Board (PWB) substrates. This requirement stems from the need to measure small variations in conductors and thus to determine the source of the variations. With this test technology, experiments can be conducted with new materials, equipment, and processes in a timely and scientific manner. Conductor formation processes can be optimized for both conductor yield and uniformity, and process equipment can be fine-tuned prior to processing product to ensure that conductor attributes fulfill requirements. Significant resources have been spent by Sandia National Laboratories and Texas Instruments modifying commercially available two-probe testers. AT&T has built a two-probe tester and obtained a commercially available ``bed-of-nails`` test system. The two-probe systems have limitations in speed and precision; the ``bed-of-nails`` system has proved to be superior to the two-probe designs but is expensive, and lacks test pattern flexibility and ease of use. Due to the need to establish a testing technology which meets the requirements of Sandia National Laboratories and the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences PWB Consortium Imaging Team (current Imaging Team members; AT&T, Texas Instruments, AlliedSignal, IBM, and Sandia National Laboratories), a prototype test system was designed and built by Sandia. This paper will discuss the design and performance of the test system and the results of a comparison to other test systems.
Ultraviolet Difference Spectral Studies on Concanavalin A (1970)

The interaction of concanavalin A, the phytohemagglutinin of the jack bean, with a variety of glycosides has been studied by the technique of ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. Whereas methyl α‐ d ‐gluco‐ and manno‐pyranoside gave rise to relatively low intensity difference spectra, p ‐nitrophenyl α‐ d ‐mannopyranoside and α‐ d ‐glucopyranoside yielded large difference spectra upon interaction with concanavalin A. Using this technique as a measure of concanavalin A activity, it was demonstrated that the protein specifically binds low molecular weight carbohydrates at much lower pH values ( e. g. pH 2.4) than previously believed. Although polysaccharides are also bound at these low pH values, they are not precipitated by concanavalin A. Molecular weight studies in acid media indicate that the protein does not dissociate and it is suggested that electrostatic repulsion of the protein molecules due to their high net positive charge prevents protein‐polysaccharide lattice formation and hence failure of the complex to precipitate.
A low donor concentration retrograde profile Si bipolar transistor for low-temperature BiCMOS LSI's (2002)

To improve low-temperature characteristics of n-p-n Si homojunction bipolar transistors (BJT's), an epitaxial base with a low donor concentration and a retrograde boron profile, is proposed. A fabricated device represents a 3 times higher current gain (/spl beta/) and a 2 times higher cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) than those for a conventional base Si BJT at 83 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spherical averages and applications to spherical splines and interpolation (2001)

This article introduces a method for computing weighted averages on spheres based on least squares minimization that respects spherical distance. We prove existence and uniqueness properties of the weighted averages, and give fast iterative algorithms with linear and quadratic convergence rates. Our methods are appropriate to problems involving averages of spherical data in meteorological, geophysical, and astronomical applications. One simple application is a method for smooth averaging of quaternions, which generalizes Shoemake's spherical linear interpolation.The weighted averages methods allow a novel method of defining Bézier and spline curves on spheres, which provides direct generalization of Bézier and B-spline curves to spherical spline curves. We present a fast algorithm for spline interpolation on spheres. Our spherical splines allow the use of arbitrary knot positions; potential applications of spherical splines include smooth quaternion curves for applications in graphics, animation, robotics, and motion planning.
The complexity of loop programs (1967)

Anyone familiar with the theory of computability will be aware that practical conclusions from the theory must be drawn with caution. If a problem can theoretically be solved by computation, this does not mean that it is practical to do so. Conversely, if a problem is formally undecidable, this does not mean that the subcases of primary interest are impervious to solution by algorithmic methods.
CORAL-SDN: A software-defined networking solution for the Internet of Things (2017)

Recent proposals enhances Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with Software Defined Networking (SDN) practices, introducing new innovative network control strategies and protocols based on a central control logic, i.e., enabling WSNs as crucial facilities for the Internet of Things (IoT). In this direction, we demonstrate CORAL-SDN, an SDN solution for WSNs which: (i) uses intelligent centralized control mechanisms to adjust dynamically the protocol functionalities; (ii) supports elasticity to the challenging requirements of the WSNs; (iii) maintains a scalable architecture; and (iv) exhibits improved network management and operation in terms of performance and resource utilization. With this demo we provide a suitable environment for hands-on experimentation, featuring the CORAL-SDN protocol operation in real test-beds and highlighting the improvements that SDN brings to IoT.
Microencapsulation and the food industry (1991)

Microencapsulation is a process of entrapping solid particles, droplets of liquids and gases in thin polymer coats. Microencapsulation can suppress the volatility, flavor, odor and reactivity of food ingredients. Microcapsulation contents are protected from environmental conditions such as light, air and moisture. Although every class of food ingredient has been encapsulated, flavors are the most common. the technique of microencapsulation depend on the physical and chemical properties of the material to be encapsulated.
Effects of Biotin Supplementation on Peripartum Performance and Metabolites of Holstein Cows (2004)

Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive 0 or 20 mg of biotin/d starting at an average of 16 d prepartum and then switched to 0 or 30 mg of biotin/d from calving through 70 d postpartum to determine whether supplemental biotin would affect cow performance, hepatic lipidosis, and plasma metabolites. Mean concentration of biotin in plasma sampled weekly was greater in cows fed biotin (4.3 vs. 9.4 nmol/L). Postpartum dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight (3.9% vs. 4.0%), milk production (35.8 vs. 34.8 kg/d), and milk fat concentrations (3.59% vs. 3.69%) were similar between treatment groups. Milk from biotin-supplemented cows tended to have a greater concentration of protein (2.73% vs. 2.83%). Concentrations of plasma nonesterified fatty acids were lower at wk 2 (652 vs. 413 microEq/mL) and 4 (381 vs. 196 microEq/mL) postpartum in cows fed supplemental biotin. However, mean plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyric acid were not affected by biotin supplementation. Mean concentration of plasma glucose was greater for lactating cows fed supplemental biotin (63.4 vs. 66.6 mg/dL). Biopsies of liver were taken at 2, 16, and 30 d postpartum. The triacylglycerol concentration in liver (wet basis) tended to decrease at a faster rate after d 2 postpartum with biotin supplementation compared with control cows. The potential mechanisms that link improved glucose status and decreased lipid mobilization in cows supplemented with biotin warrant further investigation.
Avatar-augmented online conversation (2003)

One of the most important roles played by technology is connecting people and mediating their communication with one another. Building technology that mediates conversation presents a number of challenging research and design questions. Apart from the fundamental issue of what exactly gets mediated, two of the more crucial questions are how the person being mediated interacts with the mediating layer and how the receiving person experiences the mediation. This thesis is concerned with both of these questions and proposes a theoretical framework of mediated conversation by means of automated avatars. This new approach relies on a model of face-to-face conversation, and derives an architecture for implementing these features through automation. First the thesis describes the process of face-to-face conversation and what nonverbal behaviors contribute to its success. It then presents a theoretical framework that explains how a text message can be automatically analyzed in terms of its communicative function based on discourse context, and how behaviors, shown to support those same functions in face-toface conversation, can then be automatically performed by a graphical avatar in synchrony with the message delivery. An architecture, Spark, built on this framework demonstrates the approach in an actual
On the resolution of local ambiguity in visual recognition: Modeling by tree-structured Markov random fields (2005)

To understand a role of feedback signals in the visual cortex, we have developed a computational model which performs image interpretation in degraded environments; given a degraded picture, we seek the image that maximizes the posterior distribution where maximization is performed via dynamic programming. This is a powerful theoretical framework provided by Geman and Manbeck (1993). We have developed a simplified version of theirs. The capability of the model to perform image interpretation has been investigated. We demonstrate that damages of feedback signals affect noise removal and boundary-finding, indicating a role of the feedback signals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(14): 21–31, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20367
Diabetes Autoantibodies Mediate Neural- and Endothelial Cell- Inhibitory Effects Via 5-Hydroxytryptamine- 2 Receptor Coupled to Phospholipase C/Inositol Triphosphate/Ca2+ Pathway (2017)

These data suggest that neural- and endothelial- inhibitory effects in autoantibodies from older adult diabetes with nephropathy and obesity/inflammation-associated complications are mediated by agonist autoantibodies directed against the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor positively coupled to the phospholipase C/inositol triphosphate/ cytosolic Ca2+ release pathway.
Evolutionary Clustering by Hierarchical Dirichlet Process with Hidden Markov State (2008)

This paper studies evolutionary clustering, which is a recently hot topic with many important applications, noticeably in social network analysis. In this paper, based on the recent literature on Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM), we have developed a statistical model HDP-HTM that combines HDP with a Hierarchical Transition Matrix (HTM) based on the proposed Infinite Hierarchical Hidden Markov State model (iH <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> MS) as an effective solution to this problem. The HDP-HTM model substantially advances the literature on evolutionary clustering in the sense that not only it performs better than the existing literature, but more importantly it is capable of automatically learning the cluster numbers and structures and at the same time explicitly addresses the correspondence issue during the evolution. Extensive evaluations have demonstrated the effectiveness and promise of this solution against the state-of-the-art literature.
A Distributed Architecture for Interactive Parse Annotation (2005)

In this paper we describe a modular system architecture for distributed parse annotation using interactive correction. This involves interactively adding constraints to an existing parse until the returned parse is correct. Using a mixed initiative approach, human annotators interact live with distributed CCG parser servers through an annotation gui. The examples presented to each annotator are selected by an active learning framework to maximise the value of the annotated corpus for machine learners. We report on an initial implementation based on a distributed workflow architecture.
The growth and mortality of larval herring, <i>Clupea harengus</i> L., in the River Blackwater Estuary, 1978–1980 (1984)

Herring larvae were sampled in the Outer Thames Estuary and the River Blackwater Estuary in the springs of 1978, 1979 and 1980. Data were collected on larval stage, yolk sac and post yolk sac, larval length and total larval numbers. Newly hatched larvae were 6.8±0.5 mm long and the growth rate of yolk sac larvae was estimated at 0.18 mm d −1 ( L = 6.8±0.186 t ). The growth rate of post yolk sac larvae increased to 0.43mm d −1 ( L = 11±48.0±43 t ). Mortality estimates, derived from total numbers in the summed estuary segments, varied between the years and the cohorts within the year. In 1979 the mortality rates were 0.061 d −1 and 0.074 d −1 for the two cohorts. The mean size of the larval population was estimated at 2.48×10 9 (1.63–3.77 × 10 9 ) which agreed well with population size estimates from egg laying and from catch in numbers at age together with estimated fishing mortality rates.
Mutations in lipid transporter ABCA12 in harlequin ichthyosis and functional recovery by corrective gene transfer (2005)

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a devastating skin disorder with an unknown underlying cause. Abnormal keratinocyte lamellar granules (LGs) are a hallmark of HI skin. ABCA12 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, and members of the ABCA subfamily are known to have closely related functions as lipid transporters. ABCA3 is involved in lipid secretion via LGs from alveolar type II cells, and missense mutations in ABCA12 have been reported to cause lamellar ichthyosis type 2, a milder form of ichthyosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that HI might be caused by mutations that lead to serious ABCA12 defects. We identify 5 distinct ABCA12 mutations, either in a compound heterozygous or homozygous state, in patients from 4 HI families. All the mutations resulted in truncation or deletion of highly conserved regions of ABCA12. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that ABCA12 localized to LGs in normal epidermal keratinocytes. We confirmed that ABCA12 defects cause congested lipid secretion in cultured HI keratinocytes and succeeded in obtaining the recovery of LG lipid secretion after corrective gene transfer of ABCA12. We concluded that ABCA12 works as an epidermal keratinocyte lipid transporter and that defective ABCA12 results in a loss of the skin lipid barrier, leading to HI. Our findings not only allow DNA-based early prenatal diagnosis but also suggest the possibility of gene therapy for HI.
Modeling the influence of knowledge of the target and distractors on visual search (2004)

We investigate how bottom-up features such as color, intensity, and orientation at different spatial scales may be biased in a top-down manner, so as to promote the detection of a known target and suppress the interference from known distractors. Using eye tracking during visual search, we probed the extent to which our visual system promotes the target's features or suppresses the distractors' features. Three subjects searched for a known target (an upright ‘L’) among three known distractor types — SAME, MORE and NEW. SAME distractors had the same amount of features as the target, i.e, the target was rotated clockwise by 90 or 180 degrees. MORE distractors had a greater amount of the target's features. NEW distractors had a new feature that was absent in the target, in addition to the target's features. Each subject performed 240 trials containing 25 items (one target and eight items of each distractor type) appearing at random locations. Analysis of the captured eye movement data consistently showed a higher number of fixations on the SAME distractors than on the MORE and NEW, for all subjects. This suggests that the horizontal and the vertical features were suppressed mildly, followed by strong suppression of the diagonal feature, resulting in maximum suppression of NEW distractors, and least suppression of SAME distractors. Thus, the exact amount of promotion or suppression of a feature seems to be related to the difference in its response to the target and the distractor,i.e., if a feature responds stronger to the target than the distractor, it is promoted; else, if it responds equally to both, it is not promoted; and if it responds stronger to the distractor than the target, it is suppressed. In conclusion, this study suggests a computational mechanism for feature biasing based on knowledge of the target and distractors, which can yield useful predictions in single unit recordings, and psychophysics experiments.
THE LINKAGE OF THE AMINO GROUP IN HEPARIN (1950)

Alleged Acetyl Content of Heparin Many erroneous assumptions have been made from time to time as to the chemical nature and the composition of heparin.To these we must now add the assumption (l-6) that heparin contains an acetyl group, which at one time seemed fairly well justified.As pointed out by Fiirth and coworkers (7), the amino sugar is monoacetylated in all the known mucopolysaccharides and in chitin.Thus, acetic acid occurs in chondroitinsulfuric acid (8), in the hyaluronic acid of Meyer (3), in the immunopolysaccharide of type I pneumococci (9), and in the blood group substances (10,11).The first analytical findings on heparin also supported this view.The analytical methods applied, however, soon proved somewhat unreliable.The Kuhn-Roth (12) alkaline hydrolysis in methyl alcohol, applied in the first communication (l), later proved, when applied to chondroitinsulfuric acid (2), to liberate a large excess of acid, as found simultaneously by Friedrich and Sternberg (13).When, on the contrary, the toluenesulfonic acid was used for hydrolysis, either as recommended by Friedrich and Rapoport ( 14) or as modified by Friedrich and Sternberg, no acetic acid whatsoever was found in lieparin.Taking into account the extreme slowness with which reducing groups are liberated on acid hydrolysis of heparin, Jorpes and BergstrGm, who unfortunately did not follow the liberation of the amino group quantitatively, thought that strong hydrolytic agents were necessary, such as 10 per cent (by volume) of sulfuric acid.In fact, acetic acid was also identified by them as silver salt in the distillate after acid hydrolysis.In the meantime a negative finding was made by Masamune, Suzuki, and Kondoh (15) and by Wolfrom and coworkers ( 16).The latter authors applied both the toluenesulfonic acid method and the chromic acid oxidation method for the determination of the CH& group.The findings of the Japanese workers and of Wolfrom and coworkers necessitated a reinvestigation of the question with more reliable methods.
The theoretical and numerical determination of the radar cross section of a finite cone (1965)

In this work, rigorous electromagnetic theory is used to determine the nose-on radar cross section of a perfectly conducting cone of finite height. The end cap of the cone is assumed to be a segment of a spherical surface with center at the apex of the cone. Numerical results have been obtained for a cone having a total apex angle of 30 degrees and for values ka ranging from 0.0259 to 5.18, where k = 2π/λ and a is the radius of the base of the cone. These data are compared with theoretical results obtained by using Siegel's Rayleigh method and by using Keller's modified geometrical optics, as well as with experimental results obtained by Keys. The comparisons are instructive below ka = 3.2, the apparent upper limit of validity of the present results.
Mobile network estimation (2001)

Mobile systems must adapt their behavior to changing network conditions. To do this, they must accurately estimate available network capacity. Producing quality estimates is challenging because network observations are noisy, particularly in mobile, ad hoc networks. Current systems depend on simple, exponentially-weighted moving average (EWMA) filters. These filters are either able to detect true changes quickly or to mask observed noise and transients, but cannot do both. In this paper, we present four filters designed to react quickly to persistent changes while tolerating transient noise. Such filters are agile when possible, but stable when necessary, adapting their behavior to prevailing conditions. These filters are evaluated in a variety of networking situations, including persistent and transient change, congestion, and topology changes. We find that one filter, based on techniques from statistical process control provides performance superior to the other three. Compared to two EWMA filters, one agile and the other stable, it is able to offer the agility of the former in four of five scenarios and the stability of the latter in three of four scenarios.