gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mast cell tryptase potentiates histamine-induced contraction in human sensitized bronchus (1997)

The mast cell plays a pivotal role in the early asthmatic response via release of mediators, which directly influence airway smooth muscle tone. Canine mast cell tryptase has been reported to potentiate the contractile response of canine isolated airways to histamine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human mast cell tryptase potentiated contractile responses in human isolated bronchi. The effect of tryptase differed according to the sensitization status of the bronchi. In lung tissue from sensitized patients (those whose bronchial tissue contracted in response to the application of any of four common antigens) 90 ng.mL-1 of human purified lung tryptase markedly potentiated the contractile response to histamine. The maximal response as a percentage of maximal contraction to acetylcholine was 80 +/- 8% in control tissues and 119 +/- 6% in tryptase treated tissues (n = 4; p < 0.05). Tryptase, at a dose of 200 ng.mL-1, also potentiated responses but to a lesser degree, 100 +/- 5% (n = 4; p < 0.05). In nonsensitized bronchi, neither 90 nor 200 ng.mL-1 tryptase had any significant effect on histamine responses. The increased response in the presence of tryptase in sensitized tissue was inhibited by the calcium voltage-dependent channel antagonist, verapamil (10(-6) M). We have shown, for the first time, that human mast cell tryptase potentiates contraction in sensitized bronchi via a calcium-related mechanism. These findings provide a link between a mast cell derived product and in vitro human airway hyperresponsiveness.
Inbreeding, Migration and Age at Marriage in Rural Toledo, Spain (1983)

The natural region of the Jara, with an area of 2500 km 2 occupies much of the south west of the province of Toledo, and extends into the provinces of Caceres and Ciudad Real. It is situated between the Tajo and Guadiana rivers, south of the town of Talavera de la Reina, the centre of the economic life in this region. Its highlands are covered with xerophytic vegetation, of which the most common plant is the jara ( Cistus ladaniferus ), from which this zone takes it name, (Fig. 1). It has been occupied from the neolithic period onwards by peoples of different origins, e.g. Romans, Muslims, Jews, Mozarabs (Jimenez de Gregorio, 1959) but the present population derives from settlement from the north of the Tajo river beginning in the 14th century following the upheavals of the Moslem–Christian wars.
Rapid and simultaneous quantification of rhamnose, mannitol, and lactulose in urine by HPLC for estimating intestinal permeability in pediatric practice (1996)

Abstract Determination of intestinal permeability by measuring nonmetabolized sugars has been used to assess the integrity of intestinal mucosa. We have developed and validated a modified HPLC method for determining the concentration of L-rhamnose, mannitol, and lactulose in urine, using an amine-modified silica column and refractive index detection. Probe sugars are simultaneously resolved within 18 min. The calibration curve for each sugar is linear to 20 mmol/L. The minimum detectable concentration of lactulose is 0.05 mmol/L. Recovery of probe sugars is between 99.3% and 105.1%. Overall precision (CV) of estimation of probe sugars ranges from 4.2% to 6.5%. In 14 urine samples from healthy children who ingested the test solution containing 1 g of L-rhamnose, 1 g of mannitol, and 5 g of lactulose, the 5-h urinary excretion ratios of lactulose/rhamnose and lactulose/mannitol were 0.047 +/- 0.018 and 0.021 +/- 0.010 (mean +/- SD), respectively. This method presents a rapid, convenient, and practical technique for determining intestinal permeability in clinical pediatric practice.
Selected Articles and Documents on International Law and Relations (1960)

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Blood–brain barrier disruption induces <i>in vivo</i> degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons (2007)

We have evaluated the possibility that changes in the vascular system may constitute a contributing factor for the death of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Thus, we have employed intranigral injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most potent inducer of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. A single dose of 1 mug of VEGF, chosen from a dose-response study, highly disrupted the BBB in the ventral mesencephalon in a time-dependent manner. A strong regional correlation between BBB disruption and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons was evident. Moreover, Fluoro-Jade B labelling showed the presence of dying neurons in the substantia nigra in response to VEGF injection. High number of TUNEL-positive nuclei was observed in this area along with activation of caspase 3 within nigral dopaminergic neurons. Analysis of the glial population demonstrated a strong inflammatory response and activation of astroglia in response to BBB disruption. We conclude that disruption of the BBB may be a causative factor for degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons.
Human dendritic cell subsets (2013)

Dendritic cells are highly adapted to their role of presenting antigen and directing immune responses. Developmental studies indicate that DCs originate independently from monocytes and tissue macrophages. Emerging evidence also suggests that distinct subsets of DCs have intrinsic differences that lead to functional specialisation in the generation of immunity. Comparative studies are now allowing many of these properties to be more fully understood in the context of human immunology.
Traceless Linking of Indoles: General Methodology and Application to Solid Phase Supported<i>Mannich</i>and<i>Stille</i>Reactions (2000)

Transacetalization reaction of the diethoxymethyl (DEM) protected indoles 2a,b,d,e with the polymer bound glycerol derivative 3 resulted in formation of the immobilized indoles 4a,b,d,e. Selective indole-functionalizations as well as quantitative and traceless cleavage could be demonstrated.
A Planning Problem Solver Based on Look-Ahead in Stochastic Game Trees (1969)

article Free AccessA Planning Problem Solver Based on Look-Ahead in Stochastic Game Trees Author: Erik J. Sandewall Uppsala University, Computer Sciences Department, Uppsala, Sweden Uppsala University, Computer Sciences Department, Uppsala, SwedenView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 16Issue 3July 1969 pp 364–382https://doi.org/10.1145/321526.321528Published:01 July 1969Publication History 9citation358DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations9Total Downloads358Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
COUP orphan receptors are negative regulators of retinoic acid response pathways. (1992)

The vitamin hormone retinoic acid (RA) regulates many complex biological programs. The hormonal signals are mediated at the level of transcription by multiple nuclear receptors. These receptors belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily that also includes a large number of orphan receptors whose biological roles have not yet been determined. Although much has been learned in recent years about RA receptor (RAR) functions, little is known about how specific RA response programs are restricted to certain tissues and cell types during development and in the adult. It has been recently shown that RAR activities are regulated by retinoid X receptors (RXR) through heterodimer formation. In an effort to isolate and further characterize nuclear receptors that modulate RAR and/or RXR activities, we have screened cDNA libraries by using a RXR alpha cDNA probe. Two clones, COUP alpha and COUP beta, identical and closely related to the orphan receptor COUP-TF, were obtained. We show that COUP proteins dramatically inhibit retinoid receptor activities on certain response elements that are activated by RAR/RXR heterodimers or RXR homodimers. COUP alpha and -beta bind strongly to these response elements, including a palindromic thyroid hormone response element and a direct repeat RA response element as well as an RXR-specific response element. In addition, we found that the previously identified COUP-TF binding site in the ovalbumin gene functions in vitro as an RA response element that is repressed in the presence of COUP. Our data suggest that the COUP receptors are a novel class of RAR and RXR regulators that can restrict RA signaling to certain elements. The COUP orphan receptors may thus play an important role in cell- or tissue-specific repression of subsets of RA-sensitive programs during development and in the adult.
A Mobile Application System for Community Health Workers: A Review (2018)

Community Health workers (CHW) are the foundation of public health services which aimed at bridging the gap between communities, health and social service system, navigating the health and human services system and educating communities on disease prevention unfortunately, the way of sharing and accessing information for delivering the services is often very unreliable, using manual system for reporting which can cause error and falsification. Furthermore, the Staff which performs these duties often they do not have knowledge about disease and health system training or education. To address this need, developing of A Mobile application System for CHWs), which enables community health workers to automatically send report of monthly activities without using any manual input form. Making use of digital device (the smart phone, PDAs, and augmented stability the mobile application wills automatically allow submit report, transfer knowledge, sharing information and receiving training by using the user interface which will be have the features like social media. Also the electronic file for entering information. The system will be recording and uploaded to a central server for use by CHWs supervisor and the health manager official.
A hybrid approach to imaging and anomaly characterization from dual energy CT data (2011)

In this paper we present a novel polychromatic dual energy algorithm with an emphasis on detection of anomalies whose physical properties are assumed to be known with some level of uncertainty. We assume that material characteristics are defined by energy independent Compton scatter and photoelectric absorption coefficients. Uncertainty in material properties are characterized by an elliptical constraint regions in the Compton scatterphotoelectric coefficient space. We employ an image based iterative reconstruction algorithm to produce images of Compton scatter and photoelectric absorption coefficients of the medium. The solution is obtained via a nonlinear optimization process where the prior knowledge about the characteristics of object of interest is imposed as hard constraints. We also introduce a novel gradient-based similarity regularizer to cope with physics based limitations on accurately reconstructing the photoelectric absorption coefficient component. Our approach is based on a parametric level-set representation of the characteristic function of the object. For the reconstruction of the background we use basis expansion approach using compactly supported exponential radial basis functions. Numerical results show that the algorithm gives results superior to conventional filtered back projection (FBP) dual energy method in the presence of noise.
Scots set to clarify law on PVS patients (1999)

BEFORE NURSES and doctors can withdraw food and water from a patient in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) in England, they must obtain the permission of a judge. But this is not necessarily the case in Scotland, where cases go to court when health professionals and the patient's relatives disagree on the best course of action.
IS ERROR FRAUD? (1989)

Prof. David Baltimore of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is under attack by Representative John Dingell of Michigan. Why should anyone outside of the Government or basic biomedical research care? Dr. Baltimore's reputation is at stake, but the rest of us will be affected by the outcome of these investigations as well. What has come under a legislative cloud for the first time in a very long time, perhaps ever in this country, is the legitimacy of the scientific method itself. This is an immediate and serious threat to science and medicine. The N.I.H. will have the last word on Dr. Baltimore's published research. But as I understand the Congressman's case, it is that published science must be free of error, and that error itself indicates bad faith and fraudulent intent. This is wrong. Published error is at the heart of any real science. We scientists love to do experiments that show our colleagues to be wrong and, if they are any good, they love to show us to be wrong in turn. By this adversarial process, science reveals the way nature actually works. If we as a country make science a field for only those who enjoy a good lawsuit, we will have shut the door on our future as a technologically serious nation. Clearly Congress cannot wish to do this. I would welcome a Congressional initiative to deal with fraud as such, but I fear that the way Dr. Baltimore is being treated means that witch-hunts are in the offing.
Raw Materials for Geopolymerisation (2017)

Geopolymers are inorganic alumina-silicate materials with excellent physical and chemical properties. Despite being a rather recent research topic, many papers and books have been published focusing on various aspects of geopolymerisation: the history, properties, production, raw materials, applications and development of geopolymers. A brief overview of geopolymer technology is presented in the article, emphasising the great variety of raw materials that can be used for geopolymer production. Considering the variety of the origin of these materials, three categories are distinguished: primary raw materials which consist of natural minerals, secondary raw materials which are industrial wastes and by-products, and wastes and byproducts of natural origin. In spite of not being widely accepted by the industry yet, geopolymerisation has the potential to become a valuable waste-recycling technology in the future.
Longitudinal spatial instability in symmetric semiconductor lasers due to spatial hole burning (1992)

A novel type of longitudinal instability due to spatial hole burning in symmetric semiconductor laser structures (DFB lasers in particular) is examined analytically and numerically. It is shown that, at a certain output power, the gain and refractive index spatial distributions of the lasing mode become unstable. Above this output power, the modal gains and oscillation frequencies change drastically, which often causes multimode operation. A measure of the cavity stability is introduced and derived analytically for a Fabry-Perot and a single phase-shifted DFB laser. Results from numerical simulations of a multiple phase-shifted DFB laser are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A survey on graph kernels (2020)

Abstract Graph kernels have become an established and widely-used technique for solving classification tasks on graphs. This survey gives a comprehensive overview of techniques for kernel-based graph classification developed in the past 15 years. We describe and categorize graph kernels based on properties inherent to their design, such as the nature of their extracted graph features, their method of computation and their applicability to problems in practice. In an extensive experimental evaluation, we study the classification accuracy of a large suite of graph kernels on established benchmarks as well as new datasets. We compare the performance of popular kernels with several baseline methods and study the effect of applying a Gaussian RBF kernel to the metric induced by a graph kernel. In doing so, we find that simple baselines become competitive after this transformation on some datasets. Moreover, we study the extent to which existing graph kernels agree in their predictions (and prediction errors) and obtain a data-driven categorization of kernels as result. Finally, based on our experimental results, we derive a practitioner’s guide to kernel-based graph classification.
Microphone array post-filter for separation of simultaneous non-stationary sources (2004)

Microphone array post-filters have demonstrated their ability to greatly reduce noise at the output of a beamformer. However, current techniques only consider a single source of interest, most of the time assuming stationary background noise. We propose a microphone array post-filter that enhances the signals produced by the separation of simultaneous sources using common source separation algorithms. Our method is based on a loudness-domain optimal spectral estimator and on the assumption that the noise can be described as the sum of a stationary component and of a transient component that is due to leakage between the channels of the initial source separation algorithm. The system is evaluated in the context of mobile robotics and is shown to produce better results than current post-filtering techniques, greatly reducing interference while causing little distortion to the signal of interest, even at very low SNR.
Inactivation of a histone methyltransferase by mutations in human cancers. (2003)

Histone methyltransferase (HMT)(1) class enzymes that methylate lysine residues of histones or proteins contain a conserved catalytic core termed the SET domain, which shares sequence homology with an independently described sequence motif, the PR domain. Intact PR or SET sequence is required for tumor suppression functions, but it remains unclear whether it is histone methyltransferase activity that underlies tumor suppression. We now show that tumor suppressor RIZ1 (PRDM2) methylates histone H3 on lysine 9, and this activity is reduced by mutations in the PR domain found in human cancers. Also, S-adenosylhomocysteine or methyl donor deficiency inhibits RIZ1 and other H3 lysine 9 methylation activities. These results support the hypothesis that H3 lysine 9 methylation activities of a PR/SET domain have tumor suppression functions and may underlie carcinogenesis associated with dietary methyl donor deficiency.
The electronic library and literacy (1992)

Abstract Our current notion of literacy, including the skills that we associate with it, has evolvedfrom the technology of the quill pen, paper, movable type, and mechanically powered rotary press to the new electronic technology.
Involvement of CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

Directional movement of cells in the human body is orchestrated via chemokines. This migration was initially identified in pathological and immunological processes but quickly extended to homeostatic cell trafficking. One such chemokine is the ubiquitous CXCL12 (initially called SDF1-α) which signals via the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. In the last decade CXCL12 was recognized to participate not only in embryonic development and homeostatic maintenance, but also in progression of inflammation. A role for CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in inflammatory bowel diseases was recently shown. The current review discusses up to date knowledge of CXCL12 in inflammation, focusing on the involvement of CXCL12 and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Effects of Intraventricular Administration of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Neurotensin on Salivary Secretion and Blood Pressure in the Rat. (1987)

Studies were carried out to investigate central actions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neurotensin (NT) on systemic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and salivary secretion in urethane-anesthetized male rats. Intraventricular (i.c.v.) administration of VIP caused dose-related increases in BP, HR and salivary secretion. Nearly maximum values were obtained at the dose of 2.0 micrograms for BP and 10.0 micrograms for salivary secretion, whereas the increase in HR did not attain the maximum even with the dose of 10.0 micrograms. Administration of hexamethonium (i.v.) completely blocked the increasing response of BP and HR, and the administration of pimozide (i.p.) or phenoxybenzamine (i.v.) reduced them. The increasing response of salivary secretion was almost completely blocked by all of the drugs. The administration of NT (i.c.v.) produced no change in the BP, HR and salivary secretion. The present results indicate that, 1) centrally administered VIP may somehow augment the sympathetic nerve discharge and/or adrenal medulla secretion, and 2) central VIP may play a role in the control of salivary regulation, probably through sympathetic nerves.
Switching loss analysis of modulation methods used in cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters (2008)

Multilevel converters are used mainly in medium-voltage high-power applications. In this field, switching losses are an important issue due to long term operation costs and cooling system design. Previous works have centered the analysis in comparing different topologies and semiconductors in relation to switching losses. However, switching losses are also closely related to the modulation method used to control the converter, since they are responsible of producing the commutations. This paper presents an in depth evaluation of switching losses produced by the most representative modulation schemes used for cascaded H-bridge topologies. To perform this analysis, a switching loss estimation model is developed based on experimental measurements and semiconductors datasheets. Then, each modulation method is simulated and evaluated with the switching loss model, to compute the energy loss of each commutation. The losses are obtained for a full representative fundamental cycle, and then expressed in terms of normalized energy loss in relation to the rated values. The aim of the paper is to provide quantitative results to compare the different modulation schemes in terms of efficiency and performance. Some comments regarding the application scope for each method based on the results are included.
Identification of RELN variation p.Thr3192Ser in a Chinese family with schizophrenia (2016)

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious psychiatric disease with strong heritability. Its complexity is reflected by extensive genetic heterogeneity and much of the genetic liability remains unaccounted for. We applied a combined strategy involving detection of copy number variants (CNVs), whole-genome mapping, and exome sequencing to identify the genetic basis of autosomal-dominant SCZ in a Chinese family. To rule out pathogenic CNVs, we first performed Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis on samples from two patients and one psychiatrically healthy family member, but no pathogenic CNVs were detected. In order to further narrow down the susceptible region, we conducted genome-wide linkage analysis and mapped the disease locus to chromosome 7q21.13-22.3, with a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds score of 2.144. Whole-exome sequencing was then carried out with samples from three affected individuals and one unaffected individual in the family. A missense variation c.9575 C > G (p.Thr3192Ser) was identified in RELN, which is known as a risk gene for SCZ, located on chromosome 7q22, in the pedigree. This rare variant, as a highly penetrant risk variant, co-segregated with the phenotype. Our results provide genetic evidence that RELN may be one of pathogenic gene in SCZ.