gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen by 1:12 heteropolytungstates with concomitant oxidation of organic compounds (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocatalytic generation of hydrogen by 1:12 heteropolytungstates with concomitant oxidation of organic compoundsA. Ioannidis and E. PapaconstantinouCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 3, 439–441Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00197a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00197a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface modes in air-core photonic band-gap fibers (2004)

We present a detailed description of the role of surface modes in photonic band-gap fibers (PBGFs). A model is developed that connects the experimental observations of high losses in the middle of the transmission spectrum to the presence of surface modes supported at the core-cladding interface. Furthermore, a new PBGF design is proposed that avoids these surface modes and produces single-mode operation.
Highly Enantioselective Cycloisomerization of Enynes Catalyzed by Rhodium for the Preparation of Functionalized Lactams (2002)

Values of over 99 % ee were obtained for all the tested substrates in the RhI-catalyzed Alder-ene reaction, as applied to the highly enantioselective formation of functionalized lactams. In most cases, α-substituted γ-butyrolactams were obtained in high yields by simply mixing commercially available [{Rh(cod)Cl}2] and binap with the substrates (see scheme).
Immunoglobulin class of antibodies to cow's milk casein in infant sera and evidence for low molecular weight IgM antibodies. (1968)

Use of the red cell linked antigen—antiglobulin reaction with specific antiglobulin sera allows the recognition of the immunoglobulin class of the reacting antibody. In the youngest infants IgG was the only immunoglobulin reacting with casein. With the particular sera studied the antibody measured was probably maternal. In older infants IgA and IgM antibodies were also detected but they were usually present at lower levels than IgG antibodies. In serum from a boy with Aldrich's syndrome the IgA level was very high and IgA antibody to casein (titre 128,000) was higher than the IgG antibody. In selected sera containing IgM antibody to casein, evidence is produced of a low molecular weight form of μ-specific antibody. In Sephadex G-200 filtration it was located in the `7S' fraction containing IgG antibody.
LEAST-SQUARES FITTING OF A STRAIGHT LINE (1966)

A detailed discussion of the calculation of the "best straight line" by the method of least squares is given. The most general solution is found and the conditions under which certain previously derived special solutions are valid are clearly stated. The "best" slope is shown to be given by the solution of the "Least-Squares Cubic". An example is given to illustrate the method. It is shown that the best slope is not necessarily bounded by values found from the regressions of x on y and y on x.
Dielectric materials for electrooptic, elastooptic, and ultrasonic device applications (1967)

In order to realize the advantages of using lasers for communications, means must be obtained to modulate with sufficient bandwidth and capacity, deflect, switch, frequency translate, or otherwise effect a modification of the optical beam in a predictable manner. This problem has provided the incentive for extensive materials research directed toward the development of any crystal capable of low-loss optical transmission whose properties can be modified by an electric or magnetic field or applied external stress, and whose properties, at the same time, will interact in some specified manner with the optical beam. In this paper some dielectric materials for these uses currently in various stages of development will be described.
A Framework for Access Control and Management in Dynamic Cooperative and Federated Environments (2009)

Personal devices can form a person-centric network, which is known as a Personal Network (PN). Besides person-oriented communications, there is a growing tendency for group-oriented communications, since it enables the users to enjoy cooperation and promises exciting opportunities for different applications in various fields, such as, entertainment, business healthcare, emergency and education. A Federation of PNs (Fednet) is a group-oriented network that enables the users to federate their personal networks and to share personal resources and services to achieve a common objective. One of the challenges in Fednets is managing a secure dynamic cooperation of PNs. In this paper, we present a secure access control and management framework for Fednets. The framework is based on the two-level approach to the access control: the access to the Fednet and the access to Fednet resources and services. The access control contains authentication, authorization and token granting processes. Furthermore, in this paper, we describe our initial prototyping experience of this framework. Preliminary results showed that the approach is suitable for Fednets of small sizes and therefore, further work is required to investigate the scalability issues. Finally, we briefly discuss the related work.
Cellulose structure : A review (2000)

Cellulose is a native polymer, the most abundant on Earth, with an extended structure involving β-1,4-glucosidic linkages between the anhydroglucose repeating units. This is explained by the presence of three hydroxyl groups with different polarities, secondary OH at the C-2, secondary OH at the C-3 and primary OH at the C-6 position, and, accordingly, by the formation of strong various intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
A precision vertical interconnect technology (1991)

An interconnection technology that utilizes excimer laser drilled vias and computer-controlled plating to provide vertical (Z-axis) electrical connections in high-performance flexible circuits is described. Specifically, solid vias and hemispherical microcontacts are created with a 1- mu m nearest-neighbor height precision for the microcontacts. A novel structural architecture that simplifies the ground plane connections for impedance controlled flex circuits is used. The technology is particularly suitable in the DC to 2-GHz frequency range, where large numbers of parallel connections and or multiple make-and-break connections are desirable. This technology was implemented with a polyimide substrate and nickel contacts, although the technology is applicable to other substrate and contact metallurgies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi: established knowledge and ambiguities (2016)

There is huge variability among yeasts with regard to their efficiency in utilizing glycerol as the sole source of carbon and energy. Certain species show growth rates with glycerol comparable to those reached with glucose as carbon source; others are virtually unable to utilize glycerol, especially in synthetic medium. Most of our current knowledge regarding glycerol uptake and catabolic pathways has been gained from studying laboratory strains of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The growth of these strains on glycerol is dependent on the presence of medium supplements such as amino acids and nucleobases. In contrast, there is only fragmentary knowledge about S. cerevisiae isolates able to grow in synthetic glycerol medium without such supplements as well as about growth of non-Saccharomyces yeast species on glycerol. Thus, more research is required to understand why certain strains and species show superior growth performance on glycerol compared with common S. cerevisiae laboratory strains. This mini-review summarizes what is known so far about the gene products and pathways involved in glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi as well as the regulation of these processes.
Concise Formal Total Synthesis of Hybocarpone and Related Naturally Occurring Naphthazarins (2005)

A concise formal total synthesis of the cytotoxic bisnaphthazarin derivative hybocarpone has been completed through the development of routes to the synthetic precursor, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. The oxidation of 3-ethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexamethoxy-6-methylnaphthalene under Rapoport conditions gave 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone in modest yields after basic hydrolysis. In addition, treatment of 3-ethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexamethoxy-6-methylnaphthalene with boron tribromide provided access to the naturally occurring naphthazarin, boryquinone. The analogous oxidative demethylation of 3,6-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexamethoxynaphthalene and 3-ethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexamethoxynaphthalene resulted in the synthesis of 2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (aureoquinone) and 3-ethyl-2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, respectively. An alternative selective synthetic route to 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was also developed utilizing an intramolecular Claisen condensation of methyl 2-butyryl-3,5,6-trimethoxy-4-methylphenylacetate with concomitant in situ aerial oxidation.
Reciprocal Subpixel Motion Estimation: Video Coding With Limited Hardware Resources (2007)

Conventional block-based video coding with subpixel motion compensation, requires a large pool of memory for storing up-sampled reference frames. The size of this memory for many applications, especially for encoding high definition source materials is a major design consideration. In this paper, the concept of reciprocal block matching is introduced based on the relativity of motion, especially, the translational motion. As one of the main applications for this technique, subpixel motion estimation is revisited to achieve efficient video coding when the underlying hardware only provides a small size of memory. A byproduct of the proposed algorithm is an encoding-speed boost when the encoder is to be deployed on a hardware platform with general-purpose data-caching features. This includes almost all personal computers which happen to be the main platform for desktop publishing applications. Analysis of direct (conventional) and reciprocal (proposed) subpixel motion estimation is provided to identify the sources of discrepancies between these two techniques. Finally, experimental results are provided to show the efficiency of proposed block matching scheme. All simulations are done within the frame work of reference H.264/AVC video coder
Energy-Efficiency Policy Opportunities for Electric Motor-Driven Systems (2011)

The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was -and is -two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency's aims include the following objectives: Secure member countries' access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context -particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data.
A frequency calibration method for multilocation optical FDM networks (1993)

A simple laser frequency calibration method is proposed for optical frequency-division-multiplexing communications networks where users are at remote locations. We calibrate the frequency of a transmitter laser by tuning it to a resonant peak of a Fabry-Perot etalon and determining the mode number of the resonant peak. We use a distributed frequency reference and a local Fabry-Perot etalon whose cavity length is slightly changed during the measurement. This method provides a high measurement accuracy with a cavity length change of less than 5%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parameter Estimation of the Hodgkin--Huxley Gating Model: An Inversion Procedure (2004)

The Hodgkin--Huxley (HH) gating model has been extensively employed over the last half century to describe bioelectricity phenomena related to normal and impaired electrophysiological functions. Since theHH gating model is relatively empirical, the associated modelling methodology requires estimating model parameters (including functions of membrane voltage) from experimental data. Until now, as is the case for most nonlinear models, parameter estimation has been carried out through nonlinear least square fitting, which presents important limitations for the modelling methodology. Here we pursue a different approach to the estimation problem, which allows us to overcome all the limitations inherent to nonlinear fitting. As initially introduced by Beaumont, Roberge, and Leon [Math. Biosci., 115 (1993), pp. 65--101], instead of fitting we invert the solution. Specifically, model parameters (including functions of membrane voltage) are obtained from multiple transformations (or modals) applied to the solution, or equivalently, from an experimental data set. Such transformations enable one to deduce, for a given data point, disjoint ranges of parameter values which allow the model to exactly reproduce the solution. Using sufficiently large data sets and continuity criteria, it is possible to narrow down estimates to a specific value. Our main results are (i) a more accurate estimation procedure; (ii) the ability to determine whether a data set sufficiently constrains the model, i.e., whether it is complete; (iii) if it is not, the possibility to identify a model family capable of reproducing the entire data set; and (iv) stimulation protocols which can produce complete data sets.
How to draw cars like a pro (1996)

Step-by-step advice from one of today's top industry designers provides the drawing instruction you're looking for! From concept through finished illustration, Thom Taylor guides you through every procedure required for drawing a variety of cars, including instruction on shading, reflection, styling and design. There really isn't a better text on the subject. Car and Driver.
A novel human Fab antibody for Trop2 inhibits breast cancer growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2013)

Human trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) has been suggested as an oncogene, which is associated with the different types of tumors. In this study, a human Fab antibody against Trop2 extracellular domain was isolated from phage library by phage display technology, and characterized by ELISA, FACS, fluorescence staining and Western blotting analysis. MTT, apoptosis assay and wound healing assay were employed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Trop2 Fab on breast cancer cell growth in vitro, while tumor-xenograft model was employed to evaluate the inhibitory effects on breast cancer growth in vivo. The results showed that Trop2 Fab inhibited the proliferation, induced the apoptosis and suspended the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose dependent manner. The expression caspase-3 was activated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was reduced while that of Bax was elevated in MDA-MB-231 cells by treating with Trop2 Fab. In addition, Trop2 Fab inhibited the growth of breast cancer xenografts and the expression of Bcl-2 was reduced while that of Bax was elevated in xenografts. Trop2 Fab, which was isolated successfully in this research, is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Trop2 expressing breast cancer.
K(+)-induced inhibition of contractile force in rat skeletal muscle: role of active Na(+)-K+ transport (1991)

During excitation, K+ is lost from the working muscle fibers, and interfiber K+ may reach 10-15 mM. This, in turn, may lead to depolarization and impairment of contractile performance. The significance of elevated interfiber K+ was assessed by exposing rat muscles of uniform size (25 mg) to buffer containing 12.5-15 mM K+ and studying the decline in contractile performance and its recovery following restoration of the K+ concentration of the standard buffer (5.9 mM). When active Na(+)-K+ transport was partially inhibited by ouabain (10(-6)-10(-5) M leading to relative occupancies of 28 and 84%, respectively), the decrease in force development induced by high K+ in soleus was considerably accelerated and recovery was delayed. Conversely, when active Na(+)-K+ transport was stimulated by epinephrine, the beta 2-agonist salbutamol, or insulin, the exposure to high K+ gave a much slower decline in force. The time until full inhibition was closely correlated to the rate of Na(+)-K+ pump-mediated 86Rb uptake (r = 0.98; P less than 0.005). Significant retardation of K(+)-induced force decline could be detected down to 10(-8) M epinephrine or salbutamol. After restoration of 5.9 mM K+, recovery was promoted by epinephrine and salbutamol but not by insulin. In extensor digitorum longus muscle, insulin reduced the rate of force decline induced by exposure to 15 mM K+. The results indicate that the Na(+)-K+ pump plays a major role in the maintenance of contractility during the physiological acute exposure to high extracellular K+ associated with muscle work.
A New Adaptive Multimedia Streaming System for All-IP Multi-Service Networks (2004)

A significant challenge in all-IP multi-service networks is to balance the goal of providing high-quality services to the end-users with the desire to maximize the number of end-users that can be simultaneously served. This paper presents a solution to this challenge by using the Quality-Oriented Adaptation Scheme (QOAS) for delivering multimedia streams. This adaptive mechanism uses feedback from clients regarding the quality of delivery to assist the server in making dynamic adjustments to the transmitted streams. Experimental objective and subjective test results illustrate the significant performance improvements achieved by QOAS, both in terms of number of simultaneous viewers served and of end-user perceived quality.
Liquid-core optical fibre for voltage measurement using Kerr effect (1983)

Liquid-core optical fibre for voltage measurement, based on the Kerr effect, is shown. The measurements are performed for 50 Hz alternating voltage, i.e. for 23–130 kV/m electric fields.
InGaAs superconducting JFETs with Nb electrodes (1989)

The authors have fabricated InGaAs junction FETs with Nb source and drain electrodes with submicrometer spacings. The devices exhibit gate-controlled supercurrents as large as 8 mA/mm at 4.2 K. This value of controlled supercurrent is larger than any previously reported for superconducting field-effect devices. The channel material was n-type In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As, epitaxially grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP substrates. Gate control was achieved using a p-n junction which was buried below the channel. This structure allowed the Nb superconductor to be deposited directly onto the freshly grown channel layer to insure a clean superconductor-semiconductor contact, which is essential for obtaining optimum superconducting properties. The superconducting electrodes were patterned by reactive ion etching.
Detection and Enumeration of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Spores in Retail Beef and Pork (2009)

Recent studies have identified Clostridium difficile in food animals and retail meat, and concern has been raised about the potential for food to act as a source of C. difficile infection in humans. Previous studies of retail meat have relied on enrichment culture alone, thereby preventing any assessment of the level of contamination in meat. This study evaluated the prevalence of C. difficile contamination of retail ground beef and ground pork in Canada. Ground beef and ground pork were purchased from retail outlets in four Canadian provinces. Quantitative and enrichment culture was performed. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 28/230 (12%) samples overall: 14/115 (12%) ground beef samples and 14/115 (12%) ground pork samples (P = 1.0). For ground beef, 10/14 samples (71%) were positive by enrichment culture only. Of the 4 ground beef samples that were positive by direct culture, 20 spores/g were present in 2 while 120 and 240 spores/g were present in 1 each. For ground pork, 10/14 (71%) samples were positive by enrichment culture only. Of the 4 ground pork samples that were positive by direct culture, 20 spores/g were present in 3 while 60 spores/g were present in 1. Ribotype 078 predominated, consistent with some previous studies of C. difficile in food animals. Ribotype 027/North American pulsotype 1 was also identified in both retail beef and pork. This study has identified relatively common contamination of retail ground beef and pork with C. difficile spores; however, the levels of contamination were very low.
The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch: Plasma Flow Shear and Stability (2005)

The ZaP Flow Z-pinch plasma device at the University of Washington produces a small diameter (20-30 mm) dense Z-pinch plasma with typical electron density 1022-1023 m-3 and ion plus electron temperature 100-200 eV. The plasma is stable, with relatively low magnetic mode activity, for tens of microseconds. This is orders of magnitude longer than predicted by a simple ideal magnetohydrodynamic calculation. The probable stabilizing mechanism is radial shear in the axial plasma flow. The axially flowing Z-pinch is generated with a coaxial accelerator coupled to a pinch assembly chamber. After the pinch assembles a quiescent period occurs, during which the mode activity is significantly reduced. Multichord Doppler shift measurements of impurity lines show a large, sheared flow during the quiescent period and low, uniform flow profiles during periods of high mode activity. The plasma has a sheared axial flow that exceeds the theoretical threshold for stability during the quiescent period and is lower than the threshold during periods of high mode activity. The Z-pinch plasmas are globally stable for 700-2000 times the theoretically predicted kink growth time of a static Z-pinch. The end of the quiescent period corresponds to a decrease in acceleration of plasma and possibly suggests a means to extend the experiment to quasi-steady-state operation.