gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pure tin plated copper alloy substrates for tin whiskers (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results from work on a project aimed at evaluating six different copper alloy substrates coated with pure tin for tin whisker growth. The influence of intermetallic growth between the copper alloy substrate and the tin‐plating on the growth of tin whiskers has been investigated. Design/methodology/approach The experiment consisted of six substrates of different alloys of copper, plated with bright tin including copper beryllium, cartridge brass, phosphor bronze, Cu‐Ni‐Si “7025” and Cu‐Ni‐Sn “spinodal”. The samples were mechanically stressed and then subjected to temperature humidity storage conditions for 1,000 h. These samples were then evaluated for tin whisker growth and intermetallic layer thickness. Findings Of the six samples five showed tin whisker growth. For these samples the intermetallic layer thickness has little effect on tin whisker growth. Sample with Cu‐Ni‐Sn “spinodal” alloy substrate showed very low whisker density and comparatively lower maximum whisker length than the other tested substrate material. Research limitations/implications More samples per condition should be evaluated to bolster the conclusions. For the sample without tin whisker growth, holes on the surface of the plating were observed. The holes in the plating provide an opportunity for stress relaxation after the plating process. Since stress in the plating layer is low, tin whiskers are not formed on the sample surface. Originality/value The paper details the tin whisker growth on six tin plated copper substrate samples. The intermetallic layer thickness for each copper alloy substrate is calculated. The relationship between the intermetallic layer thickness and tin whisker growth for the six substrates are discussed.
Shadows analysis and synthesis in natural video sequences (2003)

This paper proposes a new method for shadow analysis and synthesis in natural video sequences. The shadows are detected and followed up by using several specific criteria representing their intrinsic characteristics and a modeling of the differences of luminance created by cast shadows. The search area during the detection step is reduced thanks to an estimate of the position of the light source. Finally this shadowing model is used to artificially create coherent shadows with 2D video objects inserted in the scene. This method was tested and validated on real and synthetic sequences.
A new diamido-amine ligand based on three-carbon atom “arms”: synthesis, structures and polymerisation capability of zirconium derivatives of MeN(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NSiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2004)

Zirconium compounds of the new diamido-amine ligand MeN(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)NSiMe(3))(2) feature significantly different molecular structures and considerably improved olefin polymerisation characteristics in comparison with analogous compounds based on the two-carbon arm homologues.
Amelioration of Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury Induced Cognitive Deficits after Neuronal Differentiation of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells (2017)

Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is one of the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies with penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI), a PTBI rat model revealed widespread perilesional neurodegeneration, similar to that seen in humans following gunshot wound to the head, which is unmitigated by any available therapies to date. Therefore, we evaluated human neural stem cell (hNSC) engraftment to putatively exploit the potential of cell therapy that has been seen in other central nervous system injury models. Toward this objective, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled hNSC (400,000 per animal) were transplanted in immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fisher, and athymic (ATN) PBBI rats 1 week after injury. Tacrolimus (3 mg/kg 2 days prior to transplantation, then 1 mg/kg/day), methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg on the day of transplant, 1 mg/kg/week thereafter), and mycophenolate mofetil (30 mg/kg/day) for 7 days following transplantation were used to confer immunosuppression. Engraftment in SD and ATN was comparable at 8 weeks post-transplantation. Evaluation of hNSC differentiation and distribution revealed increased neuronal differentiation of transplanted cells with time. At 16 weeks post-transplantation, neither cell proliferation nor glial lineage markers were detected. Transplanted cell morphology was similar to that of neighboring host neurons, and there was relatively little migration of cells from the peritransplant site. By 16 weeks, GFP-positive processes extended both rostrocaudally and bilaterally into parenchyma, spreading along host white matter tracts, traversing the internal capsule, and extending ∼13 mm caudally from transplantation site reaching into the brainstem. In a Morris water maze test at 8 weeks post-transplantation, animals with transplants had shorter latency to platform than vehicle-treated animals. However, weak injury-induced cognitive deficits in the control group at the delayed time point confounded benefits of durable engraftment and neuronal differentiation. Therefore, these results justify further studies to progress towards clinical translation of hNSC therapy for PTBI.
Digital signal processing syllabic compander (1985)

Abstract At present, analog circuits are used widely for syllabic companding which effectively improves the quality of speech communication. The digitalization of the syllabic companding circuit promises several advantages, namely, the possibility of adapting filter coefficients to the condition of the radio communication system, the elimination of adjustments, the possibility of large‐scale integration, etc. The present paper considers such a new approach, a digital signal processing syllabic compander. The realization method is described and the results of both theoretical and computer aided investigations concerning the characteristics of the compander are presented. First, the construction of the digital signal processing compander is shown. Then detailed theoretical investigations are given on the influence of the distortion which is a specific problem of the digital realization. The results obtained agree well with those of the computer‐aided analysis. According to the investigations presented it has become clear that the sampling frequency should exceed 24 kHz in order to attain a signal‐to‐distortion ratio of above 40 dB in the voice frequency band for a separate compressor and an expander. However, if the compressor and expander are connected in a system, then a distortion cancellation effect arises which allows a considerable reduction of the sampling frequency. The transient response has also been investigated, and the same characteristics have been obtained as in the case of analog companders.
Online Model-Based Redesign of Experiments for Parameter Estimation in Dynamic Systems (2009)

The optimal model-based design of experiments aims at designing a set of dynamic experiments yielding the most informative process data to be used for the estimation of the parameters of a first-principles dynamic process model. According to the usual procedure for parameter estimation, the experiment is first designed offline; then, the experiment is carried out in the plant, and process measurements are collected; and finally, parameters are estimated after completion of the experiment. Therefore, the information gathered during the evolution of the experiment is analyzed only at the end of the experiment itself. Since the experiment is designed on the basis of the parameter estimates available before the experiment is started, the progressive increase of the information resulting from the progress of the experiment is not exploited by the designer until the end of that experiment. In this paper, a strategy for the online model-based redesign of experiments is proposed to exploit the information as soon as it is generated from the execution of an experiment, and its performance is compared to that of a standard optimal experiment design approach. Intermediate parameter estimations are carried out while the experiment is running, and by exploiting the information obtained, the experiment is partially redesigned before its termination, with the purpose of updating the experimental settings to generate more valuable information for subsequent analysis. This enables us to reduce the number of experimental trials that are needed to reach a statistically sound estimation of the model parameters and results in a reduction of experimental time, raw materials needs, number of samples to be analyzed, control effort, and labor. Two simulated case studies of increasing level of complexity are used to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach with respect to a state-of-the-art sequential model-based experiment design.
Coupling finite element and spectral methods: first results (1990)

A Poisson equation on a rectangular domain is solved by coupling two methods: the domain is divided in two squares; a finite element approximation is used on the first square and a spectral discretization is used on the second. Two kinds of matching conditions on the interface are presented and compared; in both cases, error estimates are proved.
Negative and Positive Magnetoresistance Manipulation in an Electrodeposited Nanometer Ni Contact (2000)

We show that, in a nanometric size stable electrodeposited Ni contact, it is possible to modify the magnetoresistance by applying current pulses and external magnetic fields whereby the same current path is used for detection and modification. We can pass from positive to negative magnetoresistance with values as large as 25% at room temperature, all in the same contact. We propose that the effect may be due to switching and moving domain walls in the contact region under the combination of current effects and external fields.
Electrochemistry - State-of-the-Art (1983)

This article introduces a symposium that focuses on 1) the present-day need for a greater awareness of the principles and importance of electrochemistry and 2) demonstrations which can illustrate principles in a broad range of chemistry topics. State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
CONTRACT: Incorporating Coordination into the IP Network Control Plane (2010)

This paper presents the CONTRACT framework to address a fundamental deficiency of the IP network control plane, namely the lack of coordination between an IGP and other control functions involved in achieving a high level objective. For example, an IGP's default automatic reaction to a network failure may result in an SLA violation, even if the IGP link weights have been carefully chosen. This is because an IGP blindly routes traffic along the shortest paths based on link weights, and it is completely oblivious to the interactions between SLA compliance, load balancing and traffic policing objectives in a network. The CONTRACT framework makes it possible to coordinate these objectives. Under this framework, routers continue to operate autonomously, but they also coordinate their actions with a centralized network controller, which evaluates the impact of routing changes, decides whether the changes are SLA compliant, and performs load rebalancing and/or packet filter reconfiguration as necessary. The key contribution of CONTRACT is a set of coordination algorithms. We show that CONTRACT can effectively coordinate the actions of routing, load balancing and traffic policing to improve a network's SLA compliance.
Microbacterium oleivorans sp. nov. and Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans sp. nov., novel crude-oil-degrading Gram-positive bacteria (2005)

A taxonomic study of two crude-oil-degrading, Gram-positive bacterial strains, designated BAS69(T) and BNP48(T), revealed that they represent two novel Microbacterium species. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to their closest phylogenetic neighbours was 98.5 % for BAS69(T) (Microbacterium paraoxydans DSM 15019(T) and Microbacterium saperdae DSM 20169(T)) and 99 % for BNP48(T) (Microbacterium luteolum DSM 20143(T)). Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest phylogenetic neighbours of both strains were between 11 and 38 %. According to phylogenetic analysis, the two strains are distinguishable from all recognized species of Microbacterium. Morphological and physiological characteristics of strains BAS69(T) and BNP48(T) were different from those of phylogenetically closely related Microbacterium species. The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of BAS69(T) is lysine and of BNP48(T) is ornithine. The major menaquinones are MK-11 and MK-12 for both strains. Based on their ability to degrade crude oil, the name Microbacterium oleivorans sp. nov. is proposed for strain BAS69(T) (=DSM 16091(T)=NCIMB 14003(T)) and Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans is proposed for strain BNP48(T) (=DSM 16089(T)=NCIMB 14002(T)).
Service Learning (1996)

Journal of Interior DesignVolume 22, Issue 2 p. iv-iv Service Learning Robert Lee Wolf, Robert Lee Wolf Professor in the School of Design, Arizona State University, where he is the Director of Undergraduate and Graduate Studies in Interior Design and Industrial Design. His research focuses on health as related to environment and product, which is addressed in the B.S., M.S., and interdisciplinary Ph.D. programs at ASUSearch for more papers by this author Robert Lee Wolf, Robert Lee Wolf Professor in the School of Design, Arizona State University, where he is the Director of Undergraduate and Graduate Studies in Interior Design and Industrial Design. His research focuses on health as related to environment and product, which is addressed in the B.S., M.S., and interdisciplinary Ph.D. programs at ASUSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1668.1996.tb00230.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume22, Issue2September 1996Pages iv-iv RelatedInformation
A NEW SYNTHETIC TEST CIRCUIT FOR THE OPERATIONAL TEST OF HVDC THYRISTOR MODULES (2002)

Modern power thyristor valves have a high power rating and are difficult to test in a back-to-back test circuit in the test laboratory.Verification of thyristor valve design with synthetic test circuits is an alternative.The core to design a synthetic test circuit is to correctly reproduce the stresses applied on the thyristor valves.Voltage and current stresses on the thyristors under four operational states are highlighted in this paper.A new synthetic test circuit has been developed by ABB Power Systems.This new circuit reproduces the correct stresses applied on the high voltage direct current(HVDC)thyristor valves in service.Verifying tests reveal that the circuit design was a success.
Recalcitrant chronic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Role of contracture of the coracohumeral ligament and rotator interval in pathogenesis and treatment. (1989)

Seventeen patients who had recalcitrant chronic adhesive capsulitis were operated on between 1979 and 1986 and were followed for an average of 6.8 years. At operation, the major cause of the restricted glenohumeral movement was found to be contracture of the coracohumeral ligament and rotator interval. Release of the contracted structures relieved pain and restored motion of the shoulder in all patients. Histological study showed fibrosis, hyalinization, and fibrinoid degeneration in the contracted connective tissues, as well as fibrosis of the subsynovial tissue and an absence of the synovial cell layer on the joint side of the rotator interval. The contracture of the coracohumeral ligament and rotator interval appears to be the main lesion in chronic adhesive capsulitis. Resection of these structures, combined with appropriate exercise, will relieve pain and restore motion to the shoulder.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Promotes Lung Inflammation Through Activation of Dendritic Cells (2010)

Asthma is an epithelial disorder in which T helper 2 (Th2)-type inflammation has a prominent role. Recent studies indicated that a cytokine, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), is essential for the development of antigen-induced asthma. The authors used ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge to induce a murine asthmatic model. The model was confirmed by airway hyperresponsiveness, serum levels of total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (IgE), histological analysis of lung tissues. The authors found that expression of TSLP was significantly increased in both mRNA and protein levels in mice lungs treated with OVA. The expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased in mice with OVA. Tight correlation between TSLP mRNA and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF was identified. Furthermore, treating mice with TSLP-neutralizing antibody reduced the expression of TSLP mRNA of lungs, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on dendritic cells, and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the OVA group. This study indicates that TSLP is increased in the airway epithelium in mice treated with OVA. In the lung inflammation model, TSLP activates dendritic cells (DCs) via up-regulation of CD40, CD80, and CD86, then induces the differentiation of prime naive CD4(+) T cells to become proinflammatory Th2 cells. Blocking TSLP is capable of inhibiting the production of Th2 cytokines, thus presents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma.
Comparison of the Biodistribution of <sup>225</sup>Ac and Radio-Lanthanides as Citrate Complexes (1990)

Abstract A method for production of 225Ac is described. Uranium oxide was irradiated with 650 MeV protons. The radium fraction was separated by precipitation with BaSO4, the isotopically pure 225Ac as daughter product was then isolated by means of cationexchange chromatography. The biological behaviour of 225Ac as a potential candidate for radionuclide tumor therapy is compared with the behaviour of other Me3+-citrate complexes. The actinium shows the faster blood clearance and highest liver uptake in rats and tumor-bearing mice. The tumor uptake is smaller in comparison to ytterbium as a representative for the heavy rare earth elements and slightly higher compared to promethium as representative for the light rare earth elements. In general the biodistribution of actinium is in good agreement with the radiums alteration of Me3+-ions. Keywords: actinium 225citratesion exchange chromatographyisotope productionradionuclide kineticsradiopharmaceuticalsrare earthsspallationtissue distributionuranium
Computed tomography findings of retinoblastoma patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta (2009)

Aim As data of CT findings for retinoblatoma in Indonesia is not yet available, this study aimed to determine patient distribution and to describe CT findings of RB patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods From April 2004 to August 2007, CT scans were performed on 64 new patients of RB with clinical findings: leukocoria (19 patients), leukocoria with proptosis (41 patients), buphthalmus (2 patients) and red eyes (2 patients). The CT can was performed using single slice CT scan and multislice CT scan with axial and coronal section. The cases were categorized into 3 groups: grade I: tumor confined to the globe, grade II: tumor extended to orbital soft tissue or involved the optic nerve, and grade III: tumor extended beyond the orbit or intracranial space. The CT features were evaluated in each group for the presence of calcification, contrast enhancement and lateralization. Results Sixty four patients (30 females and 34 males) were evaluated. Age range: 3 months up to 9 years old; bilateral 20 patients, unilateral 44 patients. Six patients of 19 patients with clinical finding leukocoria were included in group I, and the remaining were included in group II. Twenty seven patients of 41 patients with proptotic eyes were included in group II, and the remaining were included in group III. Patients with clinical finding buphthalmus and red eyes were included in group II. All of the group I tumors (6 patients) showed calcification and enhancement. In group II (44 patients), calcification was detected in 41 patients, and there was no evidence of contrast enhancement in 6 patients. Group III (14 patients): no calcification in 2 patients, all of the tumors showed enhancement. Conclusion Our study showed calcification in 92% of RB. Calcification was not a favorable prognostic sign, because calcification was detected in almost all of the extraocular and intracranial tumors. Tumor enhancement was not correlated with extraocular tumor extension. The finding of leukocoria without proptosis could not exclude the presence of extraocular tumor extension. Suspicious intracranial invasion should be considered in proptotic RB patient. Most retinoblastoma cases in Indonesia are diagnosed at advanced stage, so that the objective of the therapy is life saving rather than visual salvation. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 239-43)
Contacts among patients with hematological malignancies (1978)

Density, viscosity, and surface tension data sets of 13 ionic liquids formed by imidazolium, pyridinium, or pyrrolidinium cations paired with dicyanamide (DCA), tetrafluoroborate (BF4¯), thiocyanate (SCN¯),methylsulfate (MeSO4¯), and trifluoroacetate (TFA) anions are reported. The properties were measured at temperatures between (293 and 363) K. The effect of the ionic liquid forming anion and cation on the physical properties is analyzed systematically. As expected, the measured density, viscosity, and surface tension of the studied ionic liquids decreased with an increment in temperature.The density measurements were linearly correlated as a function of temperature, and the viscosities were fitted to a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation.The density and surface tension data were used to estimate expansivity coefficients and surface thermodynamic properties of the ionic liquids. The physical properties are determined by the nature, size,and possible interactions of the ions forming the liquid. In general, ionic liquids with dicyanamide as anion exhibited lower densities and viscosities but a somewhat higher surface tension than all other ionic liquids used here. A longer alkyl chain in imidazolium-based ionic liquids was associated with lower density, higher viscosity, and lower surface tension.
Transaction level modeling of SoC with SystemC 2.0 (2004)

System architects working on SoC design have traditionally been hampered by the lack of a cohesive methodology for architecture evaluation and co-verification of hardware and software. These activities are crucial and must be addressed at an early stage to prevent costly redesign effort later in the design cycle which can adversely affect time-to-market. SystemC 2.0 facilitates the development of Transaction Level Models (TLMs) which are models of the hardware system components at a high level of abstraction. System architects can quicklyion. System architects can quickly develop these models and be ready with an executable specification of the hardware blocks as soon as the initial functional specifications of the system are decided. The high speed of simulation of these TLMs allows early development and verification of hardware dependent application software. Timing details can be incorporated into these models to allow performance estimation and architecture exploration. The modular nature of SystemC also promotes reuse of developed components from one system to another. This paper elaborates on the concepts mentioned above and introduces an example SoC TLM platform.