gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Review of Infected Wound Treatment with Vacuum Assisted Closure<sup>®</sup> (V.A.C.<sup>®</sup>) Therapy: Experience and Case Series (2009)

Over the last decade Vacuum Assisted Closure((R)) (KCI Licensing, Inc., San Antonio, TX) has been established as an effective wound care modality for managing complex acute and chronic wounds. The therapy has been widely adopted by many institutions to treat a variety of wound types. Increasingly, the therapy is being used to manage infected and critically colonized, difficult-to-treat wounds. This growing interest coupled with practitioner uncertainty in using the therapy in the presence of infection prompted the convening of an interprofessional expert advisory panel to determine appropriate use of the different modalities of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as delivered by V.A.C.((R)) Therapy and V.A.C. Instill((R)) with either GranuFoam() or GranuFoam Silver() Dressings. The panel reviewed infected wound treatment methods within the context of evidence-based medicine coupled with experiential insight using V.A.C.((R)) Therapy Systems to manage a variety of infected wounds. The primary objectives of the panel were 1) to exchange state-of-practice evidence, 2) to review and evaluate the strength of existing data, and 3) to develop practice recommendations based on published evidence and clinical experience regarding use of the V.A.C.((R)) Therapy Systems in infected wounds. These recommendations are meant to identify which infected wounds will benefit from the most appropriate V.A.C.((R)) Therapy System modality and provide an infected wound treatment algorithm that may lead to a better understanding of optimal treatment strategies.
Shark cartilage: the Laetrile of the 1990s (1996)

Shark cartilage, like Laetrile, high-dose vitamin C, and coffee enemas, provides patients with emotional support, but does nothing to the cancer.
Excimer laser fabrication of polymer microfluidic devices (2003)

Silicon has been a primary material for fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (microfluidic devices in MEMS) for several decades. This is due to the fact that the MEMS techniques were derived from those used for microfabrication in the semiconductor industry. These techniques are well developed, and can be readily applied for silicon based MEMS fabrication. Nowadays, alternative manufacturing materials and techniques are needed for reducing costs and meeting new requirements. Polymers have many advantages because of their low costs and applications in microfluidics. This article describes processes for fabricating polymer-based MEMS, including machining and bonding techniques. Microfluidic parts are machined on polymers with a KrF excimer laser (λ=248 nm). Mask patterning and direct laser writing techniques are used. A silicon-on-glass process and an infrared laser bonding process are applied to assemble the machined parts with transparent cover glasses or plastics. As an example, a polymer micropump is fabricated and tested. It is shown that with the use of polymer materials, the performance of the pump is greatly improved.
Ultrasonic Investigation of the Cholesteric-Nematic Transition (1972)

Abstract The magnetic field-induced cholesteric to nematic transition has been monitored via ultrasonic pulse-echo attentuation measurements in two liquid crystalline materials. In particular, the kinetics of the transition have been investigated in one of these materials. The activation energy for “twisting-back” to the cholesteric state from the nematic state is some 0.3 eV.
New iron-rare-earth based permanent magnet materials (1983)

The magnetic and structural properties of rapidly quenched FePr(BSi) alloys are presented. The samples are usually magnetically soft in the as-quenched state. However, large coercive fields in the range of 5–20 kOe are developed upon heating the samples to a temperature around 700 °C. The best properties have been obtained on a Fe76Pr16B5Si3 sample with a maximum energy product (BH)m≂12 MGOe. This value is much better than that of AlNiCo and makes these materials outstanding as cobalt-free permanent magnets.
A cross-equalization processing o w for o-the-shelf 4-D seismic data (1998)

Seismic reservoir monitoring is a new technology that involves interpreting differences between dieren t generations of 3-D seismic data in terms of changes in reservoir properties over time. A vast number of 3-D seismic surveys are repeated, in whole or in part, for reasons other than reservoir monitoring. In this paper, we cross-equalize two o-the-shelf migrated datacubes over a Gulf of Mexico eld with favorable reservoir properties, to see whether their time-lapse nature can be exploited for reservoir monitoring purposes. Key elements in the processing o w include spatial realignment to a common grid, wavelet equalization by L2 matched-ltering, warping to compensate for dieren t stacking/migration velocities, and amplitude balancing. A balance is struck between global and local operators to ensure a clean cross-equalization result without inadvertently removing changes due to uid production.
Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook (2001)

From the Publisher:
Understand the relationship between all the elements involved in the design of antennas for mobile communications with this book. Written from a systems-oriented approach, it provides a detailed discussion of equipment mountings, proximity of obstacles, and propagation phenomena. It also presents the innovations that the printed antenna has made possible  such as compact adaptive arrays to combat fading. Supplemented with 184 equations and 461 illustrations.
Cinnamon Extract Prevents the Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-fructose Diet (2004)

The aim of this study was to determine whether cinnamon extract (CE) would improve the glucose utilization in normal male Wistar rats fed a high-fructose diet (HFD) for three weeks with or without CE added to the drinking water (300 mg/kg/day). In vivo glucose utilization was measured by the euglycemic clamp technique. Further analyses on the possible changes in insulin signaling occurring in skeletal muscle were performed afterwards by Western blotting. At 3 mU/kg/min insulin infusions, the decreased glucose infusion rate (GIR) in HFD-fed rats (60 % of controls, p < 0.01) was improved by CE administration to the same level of controls (normal chow diet) and the improving effect of CE on the GIR of HFD-fed rats was blocked by approximately 50 % by N-monometyl-L-arginine. The same tendency was found during the 30 mU/kg/min insulin infusions. There were no differences in skeletal muscle insulin receptor (IR)-beta, IR substrate (IRS)-1, or phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase protein content in any groups. However, the muscular insulin-stimulated IR-beta and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation levels and IRS-1 associated with PI 3-kinase in HFD-fed rats were only 70 +/- 9 %, 76 +/- 5 %, and 72 +/- 6 % of controls (p < 0.05), respectively, and these decreases were significantly improved by CE treatment. These results suggest that early CE administration to HFD-fed rats would prevent the development of insulin resistance at least in part by enhancing insulin signaling and possibly via the NO pathway in skeletal muscle.
Piezoelectric ceramics: Characteristics and applications (1981)

Piezoelectric ceramics have been used for a little over 30 years. The first piezoelectric ceramic was barium titanate and it is still used. The lead titanate zirconate ceramics were introduced about 1955 and quickly became the most widely used piezoelectric material. Compositions were developed for many specific applications, as the strength of ferroelectricity in lead titanate zirconate allowed major chemical modification. The development and characteristics of these materials are described and applications are reviewed. Major emphasis is placed on consumer applications, as it is these that account for the major business in piezoelectric ceramic materials.
Fluid intake recognition using inertial sensors (2019)

As one of many uses of body-worn inertial sensors, health monitoring applications can have a significant impact on the quality of life for a user even with inexpensive consumer electronics. In this paper, we address fluid intake monitoring as an activity recognition problem and conduct a user-study with 41 participants. We show that while an approach with a wrist-mounted sensor outperforms an approach with a head-mounted sensor, they can both be considered viable options for such a system. Furthermore we compare the classification performance of a hybrid CNN-LSTM artificial neural network with simpler baseline classifiers.
Retinoids and malignant melanoma: a pathway of proliferation inhibition on SK MEL28 cell line. (2003)

Among the tested retinoids, RO 41-5253 exhibited marked effects on proliferation and RARs mRNA expression and its action appeared mainly related to a cell-cycle arrest rather than an apoptotic mechanism.
A case study of student protocols in the development of foreign language learning software (1997)

This study introduces and examines the use of student protocols in the development of foreign language learning software. Beginning French learners (N = 10) provided concurrent verbalizations, or think-aloud protocols, as they worked with supplemental French courseware. Retrospective verbalizations, in the form of interviews and questionnaires, complement the data. The results are discussed in terms of how students respond and react to the images, audio, text, and learning aids of the courseware. The protocols reveal how students manage the language input provided by the computer, where they encounter problems, and how they resolve or abandon them. This information is used to inform the software development process. The use of introspective methods has implications for the development and implementation of technology in the foreign language curriculum.
Cell-type–restricted anti-cytokine therapy: TNF inhibition from one pathogenic source (2016)

Overexpression of TNF contributes to pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, accounting for a remarkable success of anti-TNF therapy. TNF is produced by a variety of cell types, and it can play either a beneficial or a deleterious role. In particular, in autoimmunity pathogenic TNF may be derived from restricted cellular sources. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of cell-type-restricted TNF inhibition in vivo. To this end, we engineered MYSTI (Myeloid-Specific TNF Inhibitor)--a recombinant bispecific antibody that binds to the F4/80 surface molecule on myeloid cells and to human TNF (hTNF). In macrophage cultures derived from TNF humanized mice MYSTI could capture the secreted hTNF, limiting its bioavailability. Additionally, as evaluated in TNF humanized mice, MYSTI was superior to an otherwise analogous systemic TNF inhibitor in protecting mice from lethal LPS/D-Galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results suggest a novel and more specific approach to inhibiting TNF in pathologies primarily driven by macrophage-derived TNF.
The Subphrenic Spaces and the Emperor's New Robes (1966)

IT would be more affectation than candor if I did not acknowledge my sense of pleasure on this occasion. When one contemplates the roster of previous orators, 157 in all, it is apparent that it includes some of the greatest physicians in the history of Massachusetts. When one further scans the subjects chosen by these giants of the past, it becomes evident that they have been widely dissimilar. Some of my predecessors have preferred what was obviously an abiding medical or surgical passion, and the resulting discourse is the distillate of a lifetime's preoccupation. Others have found this an opportunity . . .
Non‐regenerative satellite switched FDMA (SS/FDMA) payload technologies (1987)

Abstract Satellite switched frequency division multiple access (SS/FDMA) satellite systems are new adaptations of the basic FDMA architecture for multiple beam spacecraft. Present multibeam satellite systems feature on‐board interbeam connections operating on a transponder channel basis, e.g. 72 MHz. SS/FDMA on board connectivity is based on much narrower channels and consequently achieves a much better utilization of spectrum resources whenever connectivity requirements are of the order of fractions of a transponder bandwidth. This work presents a critical analysis of various non‐regenerative SS/FDMA satellite systems, identifies the technological requirements to be met in order to achieve the practical realization of SS/FDMA on‐board processors and, finally, proposes two novel variable bandwidth variable centre frequency (VBVCF) demultiplexers with continuous and discrete reconfigurability.
Differential activation of nuclear factor‐κB by tumour necrosis factor receptor subtypes. TNFR1 predominates whereas TNFR2 activates transcription poorly (2002)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) signals though two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 has a role in cytotoxicity, whereas TNFR2 regulates death responses or proliferation. TNF activates pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by uncertain signalling mechanisms. Here we report the contribution of each TNFR towards the NF-kappaB activation processes. In human cells expressing endogenous or exogenous TNFR2, in addition to TNFR1, we found both TNFRs capable of activating NF-kappaB, as measured by IkappaBalpha (inhibitor of NF-kappaB) degradation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and NF-kappaB gene reporter assays. TNFR2 activation did not degrade IkappaBbeta. However, TNF-effects on NF-kappaB activation occurred predominantly through TNFR1, with TNFR2 activating the transcription factor poorly.
16α‐Bromoepiandrosterone Restores T Helper Cell Type 1 Activity and Accelerates Chemotherapy‐Induced Bacterial Clearance in a Model of Progressive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2004)

BALB/c mice with pulmonary tuberculosis develop a T helper cell type 1 response that peaks at 3 weeks, temporarily controlling bacterial growth. Then bacterial proliferation recommences, accompanied by increasing interleukin (IL)-4 levels and decreasing interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels. These changes mimic those in the human disease. In a previous study, administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) beginning on day 60 after infection reversed these changes and protected the mice. However, DHEA is suboptimal for human use, partly because it is readily metabolized into sex steroids. 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone (EpiBr; 16alpha -bromo-5alpha -androstan-3beta-ol-17-one) is a synthetic adrenal steroid derivative that does not enter sex steroid pathways. In the present study, when tuberculous BALB/c mice were treated with EpiBr 3 times/week beginning on day 60, inhibition of bacterial proliferation and increased expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and iNOS were observed, although decreased expression of IL-4 was also observed. Moreover, when given as an adjunct to conventional chemotherapy, EpiBr enhanced bacterial clearance. Trials for the use of EpiBr in the treatment of human tuberculosis are now justified.
The thermal conductivity of rocks and its dependence upon temperature and composition (1940)

Subsidence and Temperature Histories for Jurassic Sediments in the Northern Gulf Coast: A Thermal-Mechanical Model
Preparation of ZrSiO<sub>4</sub> Powder Using Sol-Gel Process (Part 1) (1990)

The effect of temperature, heating rate and addition of ZrSiO4 seed crystals on the preparation of ZrSiO4 powders by the sol-gel process was studied using X-ray powder diffractometry. ZrSiO4 powders have been prepared by different precursors in Zr(OPri)4-Si(OEt)4, Zr(OPri)4-SiO2 sol, ZrOCl2⋅8H2O-Si(OEt)4 and ZrOCl2⋅8H2O-SiO2 sol groups. The formation rate of ZrSiO4 was higher in Si(OEt)4 than in SiO2 sol. The formation rate was influenced by heating rate, and, in particular, increased remarkably below 2.5K/min. When a small amount of commercial ZrSiO4 was added to the powder of precursor composition as seed crystals, ZrSiO4 powder with a purity of 94-96% was formed at 1600°-1650°C. It was found that the addition of seeds results in lowering of the formation temperature of ZrSiO4 by about 100°C. On the other hand, a ZrSiO4 powder of 94-96% purity was obtained by heating the powder of precursor composition at 1300°C for 1h, followed by re-heating at 1600°C for 1h. The results have suggested that the preparation of ZrSiO4 powder of nearly single phase is possible using the sol-gel process by controlling the seedings and/or the two-stage heating.
Chemical Cleaning of Coal (1986)

Levels of many trace elements in Illinois No. 6 and Pittsburgh No. 8 coals were significantly reduced by treatments with molten caustic mixtures or aqueous alkali solutions, followed by washing with acid. Treating run- of-mine Illinois No. 6 coal with aqueous Na2C03 at elevated temperatures and pressures and washing the product coal subsequently with acid reduced Mn, Pb, and Zn concentrations by 75% or more, while levels of Cd and Ni were reduced by lesser amounts. In one of these samples, substantial reductions in levels of Ba, Cr, Rb, and Sr were also observed. Coals which were treated with molten NaOH/KOH mixtures at atmospheric pressure showed substantial reductions in concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn. The amounts of several elements, such as Cr, Cu, and Ni, were elevated in some of the treated coals, but this can be attributed to corrosion of reactor components.
Human Primary Adipocytes Exhibit Immune Cell Function: Adipocytes Prime Inflammation Independent of Macrophages (2011)

Human adipocytes express many cytokines/chemokines that are biologically functional. They are able to induce inflammation and activate CD4+ cells independent of macrophages. This suggests that the primary event in the sequence leading to chronic inflammation in AT is metabolic dysfunction in adipocytes, followed by production of immunological mediators by these adipocytes, which is then exacerbated by activated ATM, activation and recruitment of immune cells. This study provides novel knowledge about the prime of inflammation in human obese adipose tissue, opening a new avenue of investigations towards obesity-associated type 2 diabetes.
The <i>Drosophila</i> ortholog of vertebrate TRPA1 regulates thermotaxis (2005)

Thermotaxis is important for animal survival, but the molecular identities of temperature sensors controlling this behavior have not been determined. We demonstrate dTRPA1, a heat-activated Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family ion channel, is essential for thermotaxis in Drosophila. dTrpA1 knockdown eliminates avoidance of elevated temperatures along a thermal gradient. We observe dTRPA1 expression in cells without previously ascribed roles in thermosensation and implicate dTRPA1-expressing neurons in mediating thermotaxis. Our data suggest that thermotaxis relies upon neurons and molecules distinct from those required for high-temperature nociception. We propose dTRPA1 may control thermotaxis by sensing environmental temperature.
Uniaxial Stress Engineering for High-Performance Ge NMOSFETs (2010)

Ge channel is one of the promising performance boosters for replacing Si channel in future complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. The uniaxial stress technology can further enhance the performance of Ge MOSFETs. In this paper, the uniaxial stress effect on Ge NMOSFETs was experimentally and theoretically investigated. The gate dielectric in the Ge NMOSFETs was fabricated by using the novel radical oxidation technique. The high quality of the gate dielectric allowed high vertical field mobility measurements. By applying mechanical uniaxial stress on the fabricated Ge NMOSFETs, the mobility enhancement was experimentally obtained. The physical mechanism of mobility enhancement under such strain indicates that the device performance of Ge NMOSFETs in the ballistic transport regime can achieve as much as 48% drive current gain beyond the 15 nm technology node.
Tailoring configuration management tools for development of avionics software (2002)

Honeywell's automated configuration management system (ACM), a library system for software development and maintenance on VAX/VMS systems, is described. ACM maintains its library of information through the basic file management services of VMS and through two purchased DEC tools: a relational database (DEC Rdb/VMS) and a code management system (DEC/CMS). ACM stores, controls access to, and tracks changes to project files in order to coordinate software development and maintenance activities for large projects. The automated documentation system is considered, and future extensions to ACM are discussed. The use of ACM is then examined, with attention given to traceability testing and change tracking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suramin Therapy in AIDS and Related Disorders (1987)

Suramin sodium is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor with in vitro activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ninety-eight patients with AIDS manifest as opportunistic infections (n = 38), AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 38), AIDS-related complex (n = 20), or AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (n = 2) were treated with suramin sodium at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g/wk for six weeks followed by maintenance therapy with 0.5 or 1.0 g/wk. Of 72 patients who were HIV culture positive before therapy and were assessable for subsequent HIV culture 40% became culture negative during treatment, with no apparent correlation between virus recovery and serum suramin concentration. No immunologic improvement was noted. One complete clinical remission was noted in a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma and stage IV NHL. Seven minor clinical responses were also noted. Toxic reactions were generally reversible, and included fever (78%), rash (48%), malaise (43%), nausea (34%), neurologic symptoms (33%), and vomiting (20%). Suramin-induced neutropenia was noted in 26%, thrombocytopenia in 12%, a serum creatinine level of 180 mumol/L or higher (greater than or equal to 2.1 mg/dL) in 12%, liver dysfunction in 14%, and clinical and/or laboratory evidence of adrenal insufficiency in 23%. Sixteen patients died while receiving suramin or within three weeks of discontinuation of drug therapy due to infection (n = 6), hepatic failure (n = 3), pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 2), AIDS encephalitis (n = 2), AIDS-associated NHL (n = 1), iatrogenic hemo-pneumothorax (n = 1), or pulmonary disease of uncertain etiology. Suramin as currently administered cannot be recommended as effective therapy for AIDS.
Influence of short time milling in R5(Si,Ge)4, R =Gd and Tb, magnetocaloric materials (2015)

The effect of the short milling times on R5(Si,Ge)4 R =Gd, Tb magnetocaloric material properties was investigated. In particular, the effect of milling on atomic structure, particles size and morphology, magnetic, and magnetocaloric effect was studied. With short milling times (< 2.5h), a reduction of the Gd5Si1.3Ge2.7 and Tb5Si2Ge2 particles size was achieved down to approximately 3.5 DSm. For both compositions the main differences are a consequence of the milling effect on the coupling of the structural and magnetic transitions. In the Gd5Si1.3Ge2.7 case, a second-order phase transition emerges at high temperatures as a result of ball milling. Consequently, there is a decrease in the magnetocaloric effect of 35% after 150 minutes of milling. Interestingly, an opposite effect is observed in Tb5Si2Ge2 where a 23% increase of the magnetocaloric effect was achieved, driven by the enhancement of the coupling between magnetic and structural transitions arising from internal strain promoted by the milling process.
Bomb-Grade Bazaar (2006)

AbstractHow industry, lobbyists, and Congress weakened export controls on highly enriched uranium.