gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motivaciones falaces en la aplicación de la ley penal (2019)

El contenido de este trabajo es un boceto de lo que, mas adelante, pueda ser un manual para primero diagnosticar las argumentaciones judiciales viciadas de irracionalidad, despues aplicar como respuesta los posibles tratamientos para su sanacion y, finalmente, poder emitir el justo reproche al autor de la resolucion y/o de la parte procesal que la insto, de naturaleza deontologica y en ocasiones juridica. Y el congruente proposito de estas lineas es dotar a los practicos del Derecho, de modo particular a los que actuamos en el orden jurisdiccional penal, de un instrumento util para alcanzar dichos fines. Los contenidos mencionados, circunscritos al proposito de la investigacion, tacitamente anuncian que no se trata de un estudio de caracter filosofico ni psicologico pues, aun cuando inevitablemente afecten a temas de tal caracter, esa afectacion se hace en terminos puramente instrumentales que legitiman al autor para que funde esas reflexiones extrajuridicas en una bibliografia muy basica.
Mining web logs to improve website organization (2001)

Many websites have a hierarchical organization of content. This organization may be quite different from the organization expected by visitors to the website. In particular, it is often unclear where a specific document is located. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to automatically find pages in a website whose location is different from where visitors expect to find them. The key insight is that visitors will backtrack if they do not find the information where they expect it: the point from where they backtrack is the expected location for the page. We present an algorithm for discovering such expected locations that can handle page caching by the browser. Expected locations with a significant number of hits are then presented to the website administrator. We also present algorithms for selecting expected locations (for adding navigation links) to optimize the benefit to the website or the visitor. We ran our algorithm on the Wharton business school website and found that even on this small website, there were many pages with expected locations different from their actual location. 1.
High-activity catechol-O-methyltransferase allele is more prevalent in polysubstance abusers (1997)

Allelic variants at the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) locus are candidates to contribute to genetic components of interindividual differences in vulnerability to substance abuse. COMT plays a prominent role in dopaminergic circuits important for drug reward, and COMT alleles encode enzymes whose activities vary from three- to four-fold. We compared COMT allele frequencies in control research volunteers reporting insignificant lifetime use of addictive substances with those in volunteers reporting substantial polysubstance use. Homozygosity for the high-activity COMT allele was found in 18% of controls, 31% of volunteers with high lifetime substance use, and 39% meeting DSMIII-R substance abuse criteria [odds ratio (relative risks) 2.0 (control vs. use; 95% confidence interval 1.2-3.5; P < 0.013) and 2.8 (control vs. DSM; 1.3-6.1; P < 0.008)]. Individuals with the high-activity COMT variant may have greater genetic vulnerability to drug abuse.
Compensation of Diffraction Effects in SAW Filters Using the Uniform Asymptotic Expansion (1987)

Abstruct-The uniform asymptotic expansion (UAE) previously developed for the calculation of the diffracted SAW beam profile is extended to the calculation of diffraction effects in the frequency response of a SAW filter. The method provides a fast and accurate method of calculating the effects of diffraction in the frequency response of SAW filters even in the very near field region (z < 2.5 A,,). Accuracy and speed comparisons between the UAE and a direct numerical integration algorithm are given. For transducer separations greater than 25 X. the relative difference between the two methods is less than 0.1 dB in the frequency range of interest. In addition, the computation speed of the UAE is greater than that of the numerical integration algorithm by at least a factor of 60 and continues to increase with increasing transducer separation. This technique is used in conjunction with well-known wide-band compensation procedures to design diffraction compensated SAW filters. Experimental results of diffraction compensated SAW filters constructed on 128 rotated Y-cut X-propagating LiNbO, are given.
A sigma-delta based open-loop frequency modulator (2003)

A constant-envelope, continuous phase modulation architecture is presented in which a sigma-delta modulator is combined with an open-loop modulator. Compared to existing architectures, /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ based open-loop modulation can be implemented with minimal analog circuitry. The architecture is demonstrated with a discrete implementation performing frequency modulation at a carrier frequency of 120 MHz. By increasing the /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulation frequency, the quantization noise is filtered out by the VCO and disappears beneath the measurement noise floor.
Fluorolipids as targeted termiticides and biochemical probes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorolipids as targeted termiticides and biochemical probesGlenn D. Prestwich, Michael E. Melcer, and Kathleen A. PlavcanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 5, 1023–1027Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (647 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Inverse-problem approach for particle digital holography: accurate location based on local optimization (2007)

We propose a microparticle localization scheme in digital holography. Most conventional digital holography methods are based on Fresnel transform and present several problems such as twin-image noise, border effects, and other effects. To avoid these difficulties, we propose an inverse-problem approach, which yields the optimal particle set that best models the observed hologram image. We resolve this global optimization problem by conventional particle detection followed by a local refinement for each particle. Results for both simulated and real digital holograms show strong improvement in the localization of the particles, particularly along the depth dimension. In our simulations, the position precision is > or =1 microm rms. Our results also show that the localization precision does not deteriorate for particles near the edge of the field of view.
Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) attenuates mitochondrial phospholipid loss and is cardioprotective (2002)

Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) is the predominant phospholipase A2 present in myocardium, and its pathophysiological role in acute myocardial infarction has been suggested by the rapid increase in membrane-associated iPLA2 activity during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). We therefore examined iPLA2 in mitochondrial fractions prepared from Langendorff-perfused adult rabbit hearts. Our studies indicate that iPLA2β is present in rabbit heart mitochondrial inner membranes with no apparent translocation during ischaemia, I/R or preconditioning. Mitochondrion-associated iPLA2 was catalytically competent and exhibited 2-, 3- and 2.5-fold increases in measured iPLA2 activity following ischaemia, I/R and preconditioning, respectively, when compared with the activity of iPLA2 measured in mitochondria from control hearts. Mitochondrial phospholipids are essential for maintaining the ordered structure and function of the organelle. I/R resulted in a rapid overall decrease in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine glycerophospholipid species, as determined by electrospray ionization MS, that was partially alleviated by pretreatment of hearts with the iPLA2-specific inhibitor, bromoenol lactone (BEL). Pretreatment of I/R hearts with 10μM BEL significantly reduced the infarct size almost to that of continuously perfused hearts and was cardioprotective only when administered prior to ischaemia. Cardioprotection by BEL was reversed by the simultaneous perfusion of 100μM 5-hydroxydecanoate, implicating the mitochondrial KATP channel in BEL-mediated protection from I/R. Preconditioning also significantly reduced the infarct size in response to I/R but protection was lost by concurrent perfusion of 10μM arachidonic acid. Taken together, these data strongly implicate mitochondria-associated iPLA2 in the signal transduction of myocardial I/R injury.
Free sigma factor of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase can bind to DNA. (1981)

Free sigma factor from E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme was shown to associate with supercoiled pBR350 and pBRH4 plasmid DNA s by two methods. The banding pattern of sigma factor through a nondenaturing polyacrylamide slab gel was significantly altered in the presence of supercoiled DNA; sigma factor had little or no affinity to linear, double- or single-stranded DNA. At saturation, approximately one sigma factor was bound/200 base pairs of supercoiled pBR350 DNA. By the nitrocellulose filter trapping method, sigma factor was able to bind supercoiled pBRH4 DNA much more efficiently than linear double-stranded pBRH4 DNA. These results suggest that sigma factor plays a role in the binding of holoenzyme to DNA and may be involved in locally denaturing DNA in the promoter region as postulated by previous investigators.
Impact of Thermal Constraints on Multi-Core Architectures (2006)

This paper shows how thermal constraints affect the multidimensional design space for chip multiprocessors, considering the inter-related variables of CPU count, pipeline depth, superscalar width, L2 cache size, and operating voltage and frequency. The results show the importance of thermal modeling and the need for new thermal modeling capabilities and hence the need for collaboration between the thermal engineering and computer architecture communities. Thermal constraints both shift the optimal intra- and inter-core organization, and dominate other physical constraints such as pin-bandwidth and power delivery. Different thermal constraints also require different optimization strategies. For aggressive cooling solutions, reducing power density is at least as important as reducing total power, while for low-cost cooling solutions, reducing total power is more important.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Beaded with ZnO Nanoparticles for Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Switching (2006)

A hybrid system of ZnO nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is fabricated by simply heating Zn-coated MWNTs on a hot plate in air. Ultrafast optical switching and three-photon adsorption are observed from this hybrid system, and the absorption coefficient can be readily adjusted by changing the Zn-coating thickness. These results provide opportunities for cost-effectively integrating carbon nanotubes with functional oxide nanoparticles in future nanodevices.
Substituent Effects on Gd(III)-Based MRI Contrast Agents:  Optimizing the Stability and Selectivity of the Complex and the Number of Coordinated Water Molecules<sup>1</sup> (2006)

Hydroxypyridinone (HOPO)-based Gd(III) complexes have previously been shown to exhibit high relaxivity, especially at the high magnetic fields that are clinically relevant for present and future clinical use. This is due to more than one coordinated water molecule exchanging rapidly with bulk solvent. These complexes, however, present poor water solubility. Heteropodal complexes which include a terephthalamide (TAM) moiety maintain the high relaxivity characteristics of the HOPO family and have been functionalized with solubilizing substituents of various charges. The charge of the substituent significantly affects the stability of the Gd(III) complex, with the most stable complex presenting a neutral charge. The solubilizing substituent also moderately affects the affinity of the complex for physiological anions, with the highest affinity observed for the positively charged complex. In any case, only two anions, phosphate and oxalate, measureably bind the Gd(III) complex with weak affinities that are comparable to other q = 1 complexes and much weaker than DO3A, q = 2 based complexes. Furthermore, unlike poly(amino-carboxylate)-based complexes, HOPO-based Gd(III) complexes do not show any noticeable interaction with carbonates. The nature of the substituent can also favorably stabilize the coordination of a third water molecule on the Gd(III) center and lead to a nine-coordinate ground state. Such complexes that attain q = 3 incorporate a substituent beta to the terminal amide of the TAM podand that is a hydrogen-bond acceptor, suggesting that the third water molecule is coordinated to the metal center through a hydrogen-bond network. These substituents include alcohols, primary amines, and acids. Moreover, the coordination of a third water molecule has been achieved without destabilizing the complex.
Design and Manufacture of Mesoscale Robot- Actuated Surgical Instruments (2015)

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a growing field including both laparoscopic androbotic operations. Surgeons and engineers are making continual efforts to reduce the negative effects of procedures on patients. Reducing the size of the surgical instruments is one effective method pursued in this effort. When the instruments approach 3 mm in diameter, they reach a threshold where the entry incisions can be small enough that no scar is left on the patient. Laparoscopic instruments on this scale exist but typically lack wrist articulation and only have 1 degree of freedom (DoF). Alternatively, robotic surgical instruments can achieve high levels of dexterity but at a greater diameter. Smaller diameter robotic instruments employ snake wrists but this results in large swept volumes. There is a need for smaller robotic instruments with 3 DoF that preserve a small operational volume. Several unique challenges result when trying to develop small-scale instruments. Friction forces due to the relative motion of actuation cables and other parts in the mechanisms become more significant, as do the challenges of producing and assembling parts with extremely small features. These challenges have been limiting factors for the size of instruments. Traditional mechanisms use pin joints and pulleys which result in higher part counts and higher internal friction. To overcome these challenges, two alternative designs that reduce part count and minimize friction are presented as potential mechanisms that could be used as surgical instruments on the mesoscale (1-5 mm). Both designs implement rolling contact and gearing in place of pin joints and pulleys to realize their motion. Additionally, alternative manufacturing methods that are ideally suited to mesoscale production are presented. Micro metal laser sintering and composite carbon nanotude structures are shown to have the resolution required to create the detailed features necessary for these new designs. The result are two mechanisms suited to be produced as mesoscale, robotically actuated, surgical instruments. One of the two designs has been physically prototyped and has demonstrated clinical capabilities at 4 and 5 mm diameter instrument sizes.
The effect of long motor leads on PWM inverter fed AC motor drive systems (2002)

Advances in power electronic technology have improved the performance and output waveforms of PWM voltage source inverters and have made them the popular choice for many general purpose variable speed induction motor drives in energy saving applications. Switching frequencies of 10 to 20 kHz with 0.1 /spl mu/s rise times are common with the current insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) technology. In many industrial applications the PWM inverter and the motor must be at separate locations, thus requiring long motor leads. This paper examines the effect of long motor leads on high frequency PWM inverter fed AC motor drives. Cable transmission theory and cable capacitance analysis are presented and voltage reflections are investigated. A flexible computer model is developed and the analysis is confirmed by simulations and verified by experimental results from case studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Image-guided surgery using invisible near-infrared light: fundamentals of clinical translation. (2010)

The field of biomedical optics has matured rapidly over the last decade and is poised to make a significant impact on patient care. In particular, wide-field (typically > 5 cm), planar, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has the potential to revolutionize human surgery by providing real-time image guidance to surgeons for tissue that needs to be resected, such as tumors, and tissue that needs to be avoided, such as blood vessels and nerves. However, to become a clinical reality, optimized imaging systems and NIR fluorescent contrast agents will be needed. In this review, we introduce the principles of NIR fluorescence imaging, analyze existing NIR fluorescence imaging systems, and discuss the key parameters that guide contrast agent development. We also introduce the complexities surrounding clinical translation using our experience with the Fluorescence-Assisted Resection and Exploration (FLARE™) imaging system as an example. Finally, we introduce state-of-the-art optical imaging techniques that might someday improve image-guided surgery even further.
Mutagenicity of anthraquinone and hydroxylated anthraquinones in the Ames/Salmonella microsome system (1982)

The mutagenicity of anthracene, anthraquinone, and four structurally similar compounds of each was evaluated in the Ames/Salmonella microsome assay. Anthraquinone was shown to be mutagenic for strains TA1537, TA1538, and TA98 in the absence of rat liver homogenate. The four anthraquinone derivatives tested were mutagenic for TA1537 exclusively. None of the anthracenes exhibited mutagenic activity.
Localization of 15 cosmids on human chromosome 22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (1993)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used in a cytogenetic analysis to map 15 cosmids on human chromosome 22. Thirteen cosmids were localized on the long arm of chromosome 22 (22q) while two other probes displayed a hybridization signal on 22p and the short arm of the acrocentric chromosomes of groups D and G. The regional assignment of these new chromosome markers will improve the mapping of chromosome 22; they can be used to detect numerical and structural aberrations of this chromosome involved in numerous pathologies.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROALKYL PHOSPHONOUS ACID ESTERS (1979)

Abstract Die Perfluoralkyl‐di‐iodphosphine (I) werden in die Perfluoralkyl‐dichlorphosphine (II) übergeführt.
Operational Efficiency Gains in the Removal of Calcium Sulfate Scale from Electric Submersible Pumps in Offshore Wells (2020)

Abstract Removal of wellbore scale from downhole equipment continues to impact well economics due to productivity losses and asset maintenance. The use of first-of-its-class calcium sulfate (CaSO4) scale dissolver in high producing offshore wells equipped with electric submersible pumps (ESP) is presented. The efficiency of the new fluid surpasses the performance of established dissolvers since it does not require long shut-in periods. Anhydrite (CaSO4) scale dissolution and removal can be accomplished with a simple treatment fluid employing a formulation that has been field-proven to restore production and protect downhole equipment in a time-efficient manner. Mineral anhydrite and wellbore scale samples were tested with the dissolver formulation at 200°F (93.3°C), under static conditions for one hour. Dissolution efficiencies greater than 94% were a requirement. Fluid compatibility with metallic and non-metallic components in the wellbore were assessed at bottom hole static temperature (BHST) conditions for a period of 24 hours. The fluid was deployed from a stimulation vessel at a pumping rate from 1 to 5 bpm. A small volume pill of 5 m3 on average was pumped in at least 20 wells, through the production tubing to the ESP and was allowed to soak for 1 hour. Wells were immediately opened to production after a 1-h soak period. Minimizing the non-productive time incurred when long soak periods are required has been attained with the use of the new dissolver fluid, leading to greater efficiencies associated with CaSO4-type scale removal. ESP temperature was monitored and reduced by 13°F (7.2°C) after treatment, similar to temperatures before scale build up. After the treatment, the results show a 1.125-fold increase in oil production. The fast-acting formulation exceeds 90% dissolution efficiency within one hour and improves operations by using a fluid that is non-corrosive to downhole materials in a one-stage removal package. The dissolver formulation provides dissolution of anhydrite at 200°F in ESPs. The fast acting dissolver is delivered as a single fluid package and eliminates the need for separate fluid stages as well as the use of incompatible fluids. Anhydrite scale dissolution and removal can be accomplished with a simple treatment fluid and extend the life of the ESP.
Strong partitioning protocol for a multiprocessor VME system (2002)

The trend in implementing today's embedded applications is toward the use of commercial-off-the-shelf open architecture. Reducing costs and facilitating systems integration are among the motives for that trend. The use of the VME bus becomes very common in many industrial applications. The VME bus attracts developers with its rigorous specifications, multiprocessing support and boards availability through multiple vendors. However, VME bus standard supports multiprocessing through shared memory, which does not impose strong function partitioning and allows fault propagation from one board to another. Such weakness limits the use of the VME bus in highly critical applications such as avionics. This paper presents techniques for strong partitioning of multiprocessor applications that maintains fault containment on the VME bus. The suggested techniques do not require any modification in the standard and the existing boards, and consequently maintains the plug-and-play advantage of the VME bus hardware products. The techniques are equally applicable to other tightly coupled multiprocessor systems. In addition, the paper describes the implementation of these techniques and reports performance results. Finally, the benefits of this technology for a space vehicle and commercial avionics are discussed.