gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abiotic Stress in Plants - Mechanisms and Adaptations (2011)

World population is growing at an alarming rate and is anticipated to reach about six billion by the end of year 2050. On the other hand, agricultural productivity is not increasing at a required rate to keep up with the food demand. The reasons for this are water shortages, depleting soil fertility and mainly various abiotic stresses. The fast pace at which developments and novel findings that are recently taking place in the cutting edge areas of molecular biology and basic genetics, have reinforced and augmented the efficiency of science outputs in dealing with plant abiotic stresses. In depth understanding of the stresses and their effects on plants is of paramount importance to evolve effective strategies to counter them. This book is broadly dived into sections on the stresses, their mechanisms and tolerance, genetics and adaptation, and focuses on the mechanic aspects in addition to touching some adaptation features. The chief objective of the book hence is to deliver state of the art information for comprehending the nature of abiotic stress in plants. We attempted here to present a judicious mixture of outlooks in order to interest workers in all areas of plant sciences.
Simvastatin improves the healing of infected skin wounds of rats (2007)

In addition to its antiinflammatory properties, the protective effects of simvastatin in infected open skin wounds is able to reduce infection and probably has antibacterial action. The potential to treat these wounds with statins to ameliorate inflammation and infection is promising.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of gem‐Difluorinated Organozinc Reagents with β‐Nitrostyrenes. (2015)

Abstract A novel reactivity pattern of gem‐difluorinated organozinc compounds in the copper(I)‐catalyzed reaction with β‐nitrostyrenes is described.
Shaping the Archaeal Cell Envelope (2010)

Although archaea have a similar cellular organization as other prokaryotes, the lipid composition of their membranes and their cell surface is unique. Here we discuss recent developments in our understanding of the archaeal protein secretion mechanisms, the assembly of macromolecular cell surface structures, and the release of S-layer-coated vesicles from the archaeal membrane.
Plasma processes in electron-beam controlled rare-gas halide lasers (1978)

This paper presents the results of an analysis of plasma properties in an electron-beam controlled KrF* laser discharge. In this study, special emphasis is placed on establishing the relationship among the numerous kinetic processes influencing the populations of excited species in the laser medium, important reactions controlling the coupled populations of rare-gas metastable states and higher excited states are discussed in detail, along with the resultant effect of these reactions on KrF* formation efficiency. It is shown that the rare-gas monohalide production efficiency is approximately 20 percent under typical conditions, and that no single reaction dominates either production or loss of KrF*. In addition, the very important role of halogen molecule dissociation is treated and the resultant effects of dissociation on the temporal variations of plasma properties and on plasma stability are analyzed.
A controlled study of methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type, in adults (1985)

Thirty-seven adult patients meeting the Utah criteria for attention deficit disorder, residual type, were entered into a double-blind crossover trial of methylphenidate and placebo. A moderate-to-marked therapeutic response occurred in 21 (57%) of the patients while receiving methylphenidate and in four (11%) while receiving placebo, a highly significant difference statistically and clinically. The responding patients showed significant improvement in the following areas: attentional difficulty, motor overactivity, affective lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, residual type, should be considered in patients with prominent complaints of impulsivity, restlessness, emotional lability, and hot temper who do not suffer from schizophrenia or major mood disorder and do not have symptoms of schizotypal or borderline personality disorders.
?6?1 integrin expression in hepatocarcinoma cells: Regulation and role in cell adhesion and migration (1999)

Liver carcinogenesis is associated with striking changes in the integrin repertoire of hepatocytes, including the overexpression of the laminin and collagen receptors alpha1beta1 and the de novo induction of the laminin receptor alpha6beta1. Our aim was to analyze the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons and fibrogenic cytokines TGF-beta and FGF2 in the regulation of the expression of beta1 integrins by neoplastic hepatocytes. The 2 human hepatocellular cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B were used as models. Integrin expression was assessed by qualitative methods (immunocytochemistry, Western blotting) and semi-quantitative techniques (FACS, cellular ELISA), before and after stimulation by TNFalpha, IL1-beta, TGF-beta, FGF2, interferon gamma and interferon alpha-2b. HepG2 and Hep3B constitutively expressed alpha1, alpha2, alpha6 and beta1 chains. A 24 to 48-hr stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-beta and FGF2 induced a significant increase in the concentrations of all integrin chains. The maximum induction was registered for beta1 chain, which presented increases amounting up to 3, 4 and 7 times the control values in the presence of, respectively, TNF alpha/IL1-beta, TGF-beta and FGF2. Interferons had no direct effect on integrin expression and partially antagonized the effects of TNF alpha and TGF-beta. The increased concentrations of integrin chains were associated with an increased membrane expression of the corresponding dimers and with an increased adhesion of stimulated hepatocytes to laminin, which was antagonized by neutralizing anti-beta1 and anti-alpha6 antibodies. Finally, anti-alpha6 antibody inhibited the migration of HepG2 and Hep3B cells in reconstituted basement membrane. Our results suggest that the stimulation of alpha6beta1 integrin expression in hepatocarcinoma cells is essential for cell adhesion and migration.
DSC on Freeze-Dried Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Polystyrene Blends (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDSC on Freeze-Dried Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Polystyrene BlendsAllan R. Shultz and Ann L. YoungCite this: Macromolecules 1980, 13, 3, 663–668Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60075a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60075a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views681Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A path for lignin valorization via additive manufacturing of high-performance sustainable composites with enhanced 3D printability (2018)

We report the manufacture of printable, sustainable polymer systems to address global challenges associated with high-volume utilization of lignin, an industrial waste from biomass feedstock. By analyzing a common three-dimensional printing process-fused-deposition modeling-and correlating the printing-process features to properties of materials such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and nylon, we devised a first-of-its-kind, high-performance class of printable renewable composites containing 40 to 60 weight % (wt %) lignin. An ABS analog made by integrating lignin into nitrile-butadiene rubber needs the presence of a styrenic polymer to avoid filament buckling during printing. However, lignin-modified nylon composites containing 40 to 60 wt % sinapyl alcohol-rich, melt-stable lignin exhibit enhanced stiffness and tensile strength at room temperature, while-unexpectedly-demonstrating a reduced viscosity in the melt. Further, incorporation of 4 to 16 wt % discontinuous carbon fibers enhances mechanical stiffness and printing speed, as the thermal conductivity of the carbon fibers facilitates heat transfer and thinning of the melt. We found that the presence of lignin and carbon fibers retards nylon crystallization, leading to low-melting imperfect crystals that allow good printability at lower temperatures without lignin degradation.
Altered Titin Expression, Myocardial Stiffness, and Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2004)

Total titin content was unchanged in end-stage failing hearts and the more compliant N2BA isoform comprised a greater percentage of titin in these hearts. Changes in titin isoform expression in heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathy significantly impact diastolic filling by lowering myocardial stiffness. Upregulation of titin-binding proteins indicates that the importance of altered titin expression might extend to cell signaling and regulation of gene expression.
Performance of Burst-Trapping Codes (1970)

The performance of several burst-trapping codes has been estimated through computer simulation on three sets of field trial data over the switched telephone network (Alexander-Gryb-Nast, Townsend-Watts, Vestigial-Sideband). The results indicate that the codes are capable of giving better performance than interleaved codes based on the same coding redundancy and approximately the same storage requirement.
Zn2+-sensing by the cyanobacterial metallothionein repressor SmtB: different motifs mediate metal-induced protein-DNA dissociation (1996)

SmtB is a member of a family of repressors which dissociate from DNA in the presence of metals; Zn 2+ being the most potent inducer of metallothionein gene (smtA) transcription in vivo. In Synechococcus PCC 7942 cells devoid of chromosomal smtB, four plasmidencoded mutants of SmtB (C61S, T11S/C14S, C121S and H105R/H106R) repressed lacZ expression driven by the smtA operator-promoter. Gel retardation assays with extracts from the complemented cells detected multiple SmtB-dependent complexes similar to those obtained with extracts from wild-type cells or with recombinant-SmtB. Elevated [Zn 2+ ] alleviated repression in vivo by all of the mutants except H105R/H106R. These His residues (one or both) are therefore essential for Zn 2+ -sensing while, contrary to expectations, Cys residues are not. Hence different motifs facilitate metal-induced DNA-dissociation by SmtB and ArsR (the related oxyanion-sensing repressor), presumably generating variety in the spectra of metals sensed. Nucleotides and amino acids involved in DNA-SmtB interaction have been further defined/inferred and we also confirm that additional unknown factors form specific associations with the smt operator-promoter in elevated [Zn 2+ ].
On the Potential Advantage of a Smearing-Desmearing Filter Technique in Overcoming Impulse-Noise Problems in Data Systems (1961)

It has long been recognized that impulse noises or even very short duration line interruptions are the most vicious form of interference affecting data communications over wire lines. These noises, while annoying, are not catastrophic in voice communications because of the inherent redundancy in speech sounds. If a degree of apparent redundancy can be inserted into a data stream, the serious degradation caused by these noises can be materially reduced. Data signals which require a sizable bandwidth can be transmitted by modifying the real time placement of their frequency components (smearing) before transmission through a channel corrupted by impulse noises. A reversal of the time-vsenergy frequency modification before detection (desmear) reconstructs the data signal but "smears" the impulse or line interruption into a time-energy distribution form considerable different from that of the signal.
Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>L.) Leaf Extract Limits Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet (2009)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract (RE) on the prevention of weight gain and associated metabolic disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. For this purpose, RE was administered for 50 days at 20 or 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) to mice fed a high-fat diet. Body weight was monitored during the study and body composition was measured before and at the end of the intervention. Glucose tolerance, assessed by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and hepatic and faecal lipid contents were determined at the end of the study. Treatment with 200 mg/kg BW of RE induced a significant reduction of weight and fat mass gain (-64% and -57%, respectively) associated with an increase of faecal lipid excretion. This effect appears to be related to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity induced by RE, as demonstrated IN VITRO. While glucose tolerance and fasting glycaemia were not affected by RE treatment, hepatic triglyceride levels were decreased by 39% in RE-treated mice. Administration of the lower dose of RE (20 mg/kg BW) was ineffective on all the parameters measured. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that consumption of 200 mg/kg BW of RE can limit weight gain induced by a high-fat diet and protect against obesity-related liver steatosis.
Experimental infection of commercial layers using a Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum strain: Leukogram and serum acute-phase protein concentrations (2009)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate white blood cell counts and serum protein profiles of commercial layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease caused by this bacterium. 180 five-day-old commercial layers were divided into 3 groups (G); G1 and G2 received 0.2 mL of inoculate containing 3.3x10(8) CFU or 3.3x10(5) CFU SG resistant to nalidix acid (Nal r)/mL, respectively, directly into their crops. G3 group did not receive the inoculum. Birds were sacrificed 24 hours before (T1) and 24 hours after the infection (T2), and three (T3), five (T4), seven (T5), and ten (T6) days after the administration of the inoculum. White blood cell counts were carried out in a Neubauer hemocytometer and in blood smears. Serum protein concentrations, including acute-phase proteins, were determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test (P <0.05). G1 and G2 groups presented higher leukocyte counts on T4 and T5, respectively, due to the increase of circulating lymphocytes and heterophils, with a significant difference relative to G3. In electrophoresis, an increase in the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin and a decrease in transferrin, which are acute-phase proteins, was verified. IgA serum levels did not change; however, IgG concentration increased during the infection. In conclusion, the results provide information for the better understanding of the pathophysiology of fowl typhoid.
Objective three-dimensional analysis of cranial morphology. (2008)

Three-dimensional vector analysis generated accurate, reproducible, and comprehensive craniofacial morphometric data. 3DVA may be used for paired data analysis (eg, a single subject undergoing surgical correction), comparative group data analysis, and craniofacial data archiving. The technique can provide objective characterization of craniofacial morphology previously not possible.
D1 Dopamine Receptor Supersensitivity in the Dopamine-Depleted Striatum Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2003)

Dopamine acts in the striatum principally through the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes, which are segregated to the direct and indirect striatal projection neurons, respectively. As a consequence, degeneration of the dopamine input to the striatum results in opposing affects in these pathways. The resulting functional imbalance is thought to be responsible for the bradykinesia of Parkinson's disease, which may be temporarily normalized by dopamine replacement therapy. However, direct striatal projection neurons become irreversibly supersensitive to D1 dopamine receptor activation, despite the fact that there is an actual decrease in receptor number. Recent studies show that this D1 -supersensitive response results from a switch from the normal D1-mediated activation of protein-kinase A to an aberrant activation of ERK1/2/MAPkinase. This switch in D1-receptor-mediated regulation of protein kinase systems responsible for neuronal plasticity is suggested to underlie dyskinesia produced by L-DOPA treatment of Parkinson's disease.
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language (2018)

Now in its third edition, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language provides the most comprehensive coverage of the history, structure and worldwide use of English. Fully updated and expanded, with a fresh redesigned layout, and over sixty audio resources to bring language extracts to life, it covers all aspects of the English language including the history of English, with new pages on Shakespeare's vocabulary and pronunciation, updated statistics on global English use that now cover all countries and the future of English in a post-Brexit Europe, regional and social variations, with fresh insights into the growing cultural identities of 'new Englishes', English in everyday use with new sections on gender identities, forensic studies, and 'big data' in corpus linguistics, and digital developments, including the emergence of new online varieties in social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. Packed with brand new colour illustrations, photographs, maps, tables and graphs, this new edition is an essential tool for a new generation of twenty-first-century English language enthusiasts.
Phase dynamics of a timing extraction system based on an optically injection-locked self-oscillating bipolar heterojunction phototransistor (2002)

We describe the phase dynamics of a timing extraction system based on direct optical injection locking of a multifrequency oscillator employing an InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar phototransistor. We present a general model for the locking range, jitter transfer function, and output phase noise. The model is confirmed by a series of locking experiments. We consider first fundamental timing extraction, that is, a 10-GHz oscillator extracting the clock from a 10-Gbit/s data stream. Second, we address superharmonic timing extraction where 40-Gbit/s data lock the fourth harmonic of the 10-GHz oscillator. In the superharmonic timing extraction case, a clock is extracted at 40 GHz as well as its subharmonics at 10, 20, and 30 GHz.
The Th1/Th2 Paradigm and Experimental Murine Leishmaniasis (1998)

In recent years, the Th1/Th2 concept has become of prime importance in the understanding of heterogeneous responses of the immune system and implications thereof for infectious and autoimmune diseases. Originally established on the basis of different cytokines produced by T cell clones, it is now known that the Th1/Th2 concept really defines totally different immune pathways that affect most if not all cells of the immune system. Murine experimental leishmaniasis was the first model to confirm the relevance of the Th1/Th2 concept in vivo. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the characteristics and generation of Th1 and Th2 cells, as well as on recent advances of the application of this concept to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.
New Organo‐Soluble Conjugated Polyquinolines (2003)

Abstract Polyquinolines are under discussion as n‐type materials for organic field effect transistors, organic light‐emitting diodes and organic solar cells together with other N ‐heterocycle‐containing conjugated polymers. But most of these conjugated polyquinolines are not soluble in common organic solvents. Therefore, a new synthetic pathway is presented in this work leading to organo‐soluble polyquinolines. The results of the synthesis and characterization of the obtained new organo‐soluble polyquinolines are shown. The electrochemical reduction and oxidation behavior of these polymers is studied by cyclovoltammetric measurements. All studied polymers can be reversibly oxidized and reduced. The absorption and luminescence properties are investigated. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are prepared from the new polyquinolines as an active single layer. The electroluminescence behavior and the characteristics of the OLEDs are discussed. Electroluminescence spectra of the LEDs with polymers 8a – c as emissive layers. magnified image Electroluminescence spectra of the LEDs with polymers 8a – c as emissive layers.
STUDY ON TEMPERATURE DEMODULATION METHODS IN THE DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER TEMPERATURE SENSOR SYSTEM BASED ON (2001)

The temperature effects of Raman and Rayleigh light in the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor system are mainly discussed. The analysis shows that the anti Stokes light temperature sensitivity is much higher than Stokes light and it is why all such sensor systems generally use it for temperature information. Then, two demodulation methods are theoretically analyzed in detail by comparing their system temperature sensitivities. Finally, an algorithm is proposed according to the loss of the sensing optical fiber, which is necessary to an actual sensor system. Application practice has indicated that all the above conclusions are correct and reasonable.
Three dimensional measurement using fisheye stereo vision (2007)

In this paper, we describe on a method for a three dimensional measurement of omni-directional space of camera view, using a fisheye stereo vision. In the method, the correction image is made from fisheye image. Three dimensional data of a moving object is calculated, using a parallax detected by template matching in the correction image. An ellipse as a geometrical model is calculated, using a plane coordinate on the object in real space. And a volume of the object is detected using the detected height and the ellipse. In the paper, composition of an experimental system and the measurement method are explained, and the experimental result is shown.
FPGA-based climate controller design for plant tissue culture room (2003)

A single-chip FPGA-based embedded processor is presented. The controller controls climatic conditions including managing energy utilization in a plant tissue culture room. The chip has been designed to control four climatic parameters, i.e., temperature, relative humidity, irradiance and photoperiod, to promote plant growth and development. The climate controller is consisted of a processor core and subsystems, which are dedicated hardware components, i.e., I/O interface, climate unit, timing generator and user interface. The processor core is an 8-bit CISC microprocessor executing 30 instructions. Subsystems run specific functions to reduce processing loads and to simultaneously execute the operations. The processor core sends commands directly to instruct the subsystems. Exchanging data among the subsystems is accomplished through a shared-memory interprocess communication. The hardware/software codesign method is adapted for FPGA-based design. VHDL code has been used as a design entry. The designed chip is utilized 645 CLB slices and 88 IOs of a Xilinx Spartan-II XC2S50 FPGA.