gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constructing an Anisotropic Triple-Pass Tubular Framework within a Lyophilized Porous Gelatin Scaffold Using Dexamethasone-Loaded Functionalized Whatman Paper To Reinforce Its Mechanical Strength and Promote Osteogenesis (2017)

In bone tissue engineering (BTE), most of the currently developed scaffolds still lack the ability to demonstrate high porosity and high mechanical strength simultaneously or the ability to maintain bioactivity and sustained release of loaded biofactors. In this work, we constructed an anisotropic triple-pass tubular framework within a lyophilized porous GEL scaffold using FP, which was prepared by coating DEX-covered Whatman paper (WP) using the silk fibroin (SF) membrane with β-sheet conformation. This novel structural design endowed the functionalized paper frame (FPF)/scaffold implant high porosity, high mechanical strength, and sustained DEX delivery capability. Specifically, its porosity was as high as 88.2%, approximating that of human cancellous bone. The pore diameters of the implant ranged from 50 to 350 μm with an average pore diameter of 127.7 μm, indicating proper pore sizes for successful diffusion of essential nutrients/oxygen and bone tissue-ingrowth. Owing to the construction of double-network-like structure, the FPF/scaffold implant demonstrated excellent mechanical properties both in dry (174.7 MPa in elastic modulus and 14.9 MPa in compressive modulus) and wet states (59.0 MPa in elastic modulus and 3.3 MPa in compressive modulus), indicating its feasibility for in vivo implantation. Besides, the FPF/scaffold implant exhibited long-term DEX releasing behavior (over 50 days) with constant release rate in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Murine osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cultured in the porous FPF/scaffold implant had excellent viability. Furthermore, the cells cocultured with the FPF/scaffold implant showed positive proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and calcium deposition. Twenty-eight days after implantation, extensive osteogenesis was observed in the rats treated with the FPF/scaffold implants. The anisotropic triple-pass tubular framework of the FPF/scaffold implant demonstrates structural similarities to the long bone. Therefore, this novel FPF/scaffold implant could be a better alternative for long bone defect repair.
Subchondral Calcium Phosphate is Ineffective for Bone Marrow Edema Lesions in Adults With Advanced Osteoarthritis (2015)

Level IV, therapeutic study.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) of membrane proteins and non‐covalent complexes (1995)

Abstract Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectra and methods to improve their quality are reported for three hydrophobic, membrane‐bound proteins: porin from Escherichia coli , bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarium and cholesterolesterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Several commonly used UV and IR matrices have been tested. In addition, the susceptibility of MALDI mass spectrometry to various neutral and ionic detergents, known usually to degrade the quality of MALDI mass spectra, has been tested systematically. For porin, consisting of three identical non‐covalently bound subunits, a new sample preparation is reported, resulting in the desorption of the intact quaternary protein structure. This leads to a better understanding of the way a given analyte is embedded into the host matrix crystals.
C–H Functionalization in organic synthesis (2011)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Millimeter-wave imaging of traffic scenarios (2002)

Methods for the automatic interpretation of complex road traffic scenarios are currently developed on the basis of real measured data. The measurements are performed using a fully polarimetric instrumentation radar at 76 GHz. Results of those measurements will be presented, especially with respect to automatic image interpretation. The features of the measurement system are very similar to a prospective automotive radar with the exception of possible Doppler range and physical dimensions. In parallel to the measurement and algorithmic activities, a radar sensor for automotive applications using monolithic integrated millimeter-wave circuits (MMIC) is under development. Real aperture imaging is achieved with a focal plane multibeam array. The most important design criteria are low cost and compactness. System aspects of this radar sensor will be discussed including results of the millimeter-wave circuits.
Epidemiology of severe and fatal rattlesnake bites published in the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ Annual Reports (2009)

This is the first study to examine rates and trends of published severe and fatal rattlesnake bites across the United States over the past 25 years. Annual rates of severe rattlesnake bites, derived from the published Annual Reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, have significantly decreased over time, whereas rates of fatal rattlesnake bites have remained unchanged.
Special erbium fiber amplifiers for short pulse switching, lasers, and propagation (1994)

We show that specially tailored erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) can be useful for short-pulse soliton lasers, switching, and propagation. EDFA properties include group-velocity dispersion, birefringence, doping level, and doping distribution; and changing each of these properties enables novel applications. Polarization-maintaining EDFA's can Re used in erbium-doped fiber lasers to avoid intensity-dependent or temperature-dependent state of polarization. We have demonstrated a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser that generates nearly transform-limited 320 fs pulses with 40 pJ energy using a polarization-maintaining EDFA near the zero dispersion wavelength and a bulk InGaAsP saturable absorber. Moderately birefringent EDFA's can be used to control the walkoff and interaction between orthogonally polarized solitons in all-optical switches. For example, through numerical simulations, we design an all-optical cascadable logic gate with a fanout of 2.7 and energy contrast of 5.5 based on interactions in a soliton period long EDFA. Furthermore, distributed EDFA's can be used for long-distance soliton propagation to shepherd the pulse using bandwidth-limited gain. For picosecond soliton pulses, we show that soliton self-frequency shift and Gordon-Hans effects limit propagation to below 100 km even for low-dispersion fibers. Bandwidth-limited amplification in EDFA may counteract frequency shift due to the soliton self-frequency shift, while frequency filters may suppress the Gordon-Hans effect. Also, because the gain spectral profile for the three-level EDFA changes with pump intensity, complications arise from pump attenuation, and the corresponding changes in the gain spectral profile along the length of the fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antibody to the dendritic cell surface activation antigen CD83 prevents acute graft-versus-host disease (2009)

Allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective therapy for hematological malignancies but it is limited by acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in the allo T cell stimulation causing GVHD. Current immunosuppressive measures to control GVHD target T cells but compromise posttransplant immunity in the patient, particularly to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and residual malignant cells. We showed that treatment of allo mixed lymphocyte cultures with activated human DC-depleting CD83 antibody suppressed alloproliferation but preserved T cell numbers, including those specific for CMV. We also tested CD83 antibody in the human T cell-dependent peripheral blood mononuclear cell transplanted SCID (hu-SCID) mouse model of GVHD. We showed that this model requires human DC and that CD83 antibody treatment prevented GVHD but, unlike conventional immunosuppressants, did not prevent engraftment of human T cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responsive to viruses and malignant cells. Immunization of CD83 antibody-treated hu-SCID mice with irradiated human leukemic cell lines induced allo antileukemic CTL effectors in vivo that lysed (51)Cr-labeled leukemic target cells in vitro without further stimulation. Antibodies that target activated DC are a promising new therapeutic approach to the control of GVHD.
Hydrodesulfurization of Catalytic Cracked Gasoline. 2. The Difference between HDS Active Site and Olefin Hydrogenation Active Site (1997)

The inhibiting effect of olefin on CCG HDS (found in our previous report) was further investigated from a mechanistic point of view. A small amount of thiophene (corresponding to ca. 100 wt ppm of sulfur content) and varying amounts of olefins (diisobutylene and 1-octene) dissolved in toluene were hydrotreated on Co−Mo/Al2O3 at 150 °C at 1.3 MPa. Both the total HDS (thiophene HDS minus thiol and sulfide formation) and thiophene HDS were strongly inhibited by a small amount of olefin (1 mol %). However, when the olefin content was increased over 20 mol %, thiophene HDS rather recovered while the total HDS monotonously decreased. Both isoolefin and n-olefin can interact with the thiophene HDS active site, resulting in the inhibition on thiophene HDS. The interaction between the HDS active site and olefins was further studied by examining the effect of H2S, an well-known inhibitor for HDS, on hydrogenation of olefins. The hydrogenation of n-olefin as well as thiophene HDS was sensitively inhibited by H2S, while the hydrogenation of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene was promoted. The interaction was also studied by examining the effects of Co, an well-known promoter for HDS, on HDS and olefin reaction over different Co/(Co + Mo) ratio catalysts. HDS was promoted by Co; however, isoolefin hydrogenation was retarded slightly and n-olefin hydrogenation was largely retarded. Three types of active sites for thiophene HDS, n-olefin hydrogenation, and isoolefin hydrogenation, were proposed.
Surface-enhanced second-harmonic diffraction: Selective enhancement by spatial harmonics (1994)

Surface-enhanced second-harmonic diffraction from a corrugated silver surface is studied as a function of the Fourier decomposition of the surface profile. Numerical results are obtained using the reduced Rayleigh equations for the linear and second-harmonic fields. Scattering of the surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) -enhanced, evanescent nonlinear polarization wave into radiative channels is shown to provide a sensitive probe of spatial-harmonic content. The presence of a specific higher harmonic in the surface profile allows preferential scattering of the enhanced nonlinear polarization into a certain diffraction order where a higher-order scattering mechanism might otherwise be operative. The propagating orders can thereby be selectively enhanced, in some cases, by many orders of magnitude. Calculations are presented for symmetric profiles and a range of grating periods. The nature of these selective enhancements suggests that optimized profiles for second-harmonic diffraction into a particular order can be formed by a superposition of two appropriately selected Fourier components. To explore this possibility, gratings with groove densities of 1200 and 1290 grooves/mm were studied by first determining the enhancement of each of the propagating orders at their respective optimum groove depths, assuming a purely sinusoidal profile. A search for the maximum enhancement of each order was then performed by varying the amplitudes of the grating fundamental and relevant order-enhancing higher harmonic. For the two periods considered, optimized profiles were found. The degree of coupling to the SPP at the second-harmonic frequency is shown to be important in determining the optimized profile as demonstrated by the substantially different enhancing properties of these similar groove-density gratings.
Polysialic Acid-Based Micelles for Encapsulation of Hydrophobic Drugs (2011)

Despite improvements relative to unmodified counterparts, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugation may not be the ideal solution for improving circulatory stability of current nanoparticle carriers or free drugs. Polysialic acid (PSA), a natural polymer for which the body possesses no receptors, has been conjugated directly to biologically active molecules to prevent premature clearance; however, this concept has not yet been applied to nanoparticle drug carrier systems. In the current study, PSA was modified with a long-chain hydrocarbon through reaction of the carboxylic acid side groups with N-decylamine (DA). The resultant PSA-DA conjugates self-assembled into micelles for encapsulation of hydrophobic drug molecules, as demonstrated with Cyclosporine A. Cytotoxicty was dependent on the degree of substitution with DA. On the basis of size and zeta potential, the micelles are capable of passively targeting diseased regions, such as cancer and inflammatory tissue. Further investigations are necessary to explore whether the PSA-based micelles possess stealth properties similar to those of PEG and to establish in vitro and in vivo efficacy.
Oral bioavailability and bone-sparing effects of estetrol in an osteoporosis model (2008)

Estetrol exhibits high oral bioavailability in the rat, a species considered relevant for pharmacological studies that are predictive for effects on human bone. Oral administration of E(4) conveys dose-dependent bone-sparing effects of high-quality bone in estrogen-depleted OVX rats. Based on its bone-sparing effects, its oral bioavailability and its preclinical safety and efficacy profile, E(4) may be superior to other estrogens and is a potential drug for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Exaggerated Activation of Nuclear Factor-κ B and Altered I κ B-β Processing in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells (2000)

In cystic fibrosis (CF), inflammatory mediator production by airway epithelial cells is a critical determinant of chronic airway inflammation. To determine whether altered signal transduction through the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway occurs in CF epithelial cells and results in excessive generation of inflammatory cytokines, we evaluated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 and activation of NF-kappaB in three different human bronchial epithelial cell lines: (1) BEAS cells that express wild-type CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), (2) IB3 cells with mutant CFTR, and (3) C38 cells, which are "corrected" IB3 cells complemented with wild-type CFTR. Treatment of cells with TNF-alpha (30 ng/ml) resulted in markedly elevated NF-kappaB activation and production of IL-8 by IB3 cells compared with BEAS and C38 cells. Despite the differences in NF- kappaB activation, no differences in basal levels of IkappaB-alpha or TNF-alpha- induced IkappaB-alpha processing and degradation were detected among the cell lines. In contrast, the basal level of IkappaB-beta was increased in the IB3 cells. Treatment with TNF-alpha resulted in increased formation of hypophosphorylated IkappaB-beta and increased nuclear localization of IkappaB-beta in IB3 cells compared with the other cell types. These findings provide additional evidence of a dysregulated inflammatory response in CF.
Targeting human prostatic carcinoma through basic fibroblast growth factor receptors in an animal model: Characterizing and circumventing mechanisms of tumor resistance (1999)

These studies identify alterations in the ligand-targeted receptor as a frequent contributor to resistance arising in DU145 tumors to in vivo treatment with a bFGF receptor-directed-toxin chimera, and provide the basis for designing methods to circumvent resistance for the purpose of enhancing efficacy of receptor-directed therapies in the treatment of prostate cancer.
MicroRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury (2017)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventually lead to neuronal cell death. Secondary brain injury events may occur minutes, hours, or even days after the trauma, and provide valuable therapeutic targets to prevent further neuronal degeneration. At the present time, there is no effective treatment for TBI due, in part, to the widespread impact of numerous complex secondary biochemical and pathophysiological events occurring at different time points following the initial injury. MicroRNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions such as development, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism, and may serve as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI to mitigate secondary damage to the brain. This has implications regarding improving the diagnostic accuracy of brain impairment and long-term outcomes as well as potential novel treatments. Recent human studies have identified specific microRNAs in serum/plasma (miR-425-p, -21, -93, -191 and -499) and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) (miR-328, -362-3p, -451, -486a) as possible indicators of the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Experimental animal studies have examined specific microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for moderate and mild TBI (e.g., miR-21, miR-23b). MicroRNA profiling was altered by voluntary exercise. Differences in basal microRNA expression in the brain of adult and aged animals and alterations in response to TBI (e.g., miR-21) have also been reported. Further large-scale studies with TBI patients are needed to provide more information on the changes in microRNA profiles in different age groups (children, adults, and elderly).
Texture Analysis of Mammographic images (2010)

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in the world. Mammography is regarded as an effective tool for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Microcalcification is one of the primary signs of breast cancer. There are various image texture analysis techniques for the detection of the microcalcifications. Screenfilm mammography is still the standard method used to detect early breast cancer, thus leading to early treatment. Digital mammography has recently been designated as the imaging technology with the greatest potential for improving the diagnosis of breast cancer. In this work a feature-based approach is used for analysis and classification of malignancy. Gray-level texture and Wavelet coefficient texture methods are used for feature extraction. Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) is used for classification of images based on extracted features. The performance of classification by PNN based on features by texture method, wavelet method and combined methods are compared. The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Analysis is used for performance evaluation.
Liquid crystalline gels self-assembled from block copolymers (2005)

Self-assembly of coil-SGLCP-coil block copolymers provides a route to model liquid crystalline (LC) gels in concentrations ranging from bulk polymer to gels with as little as 5 wt % polymer in a small-molecule LC host. Triblock copolymers with LC-phobic endblocks associate in a nematic liquid crystal to create crosslinks. An SGLCP midblock allows for solubilization of the network. These materials have a precisely tailored network structure ideal for comparison to theory<sup>1</sup> of liquid crystalline elastomers. In addition, the gel responds readily to external fields since the concentration of polymer can be relatively low. In this report we discuss rheological measurements that demonstrate gelation at low polymer concentrations. We show that the association of the PS blocks at low concentration is driven by the presence of the SGLCP, rather than incompatibility between PS and 5CB. We then discuss the alignment of the gels via shear, magnetic fields, electric fields, and alignment surfaces. Finally, we present results on a distinctive striped texture observed in aligned gels when subjected to an applied electric field or normal force. The exceptional electro-optic and mechano-optic responsiveness of these gels coupled with thermally reversible gelation suggests they would be ideal candidates for use in large-area printable display technology.
An atomically-resolved STM study of the interaction of phosphine (PH3) with the silicon (001) surface (1994)

The interaction of phosphine (PH3) with the Si(001) surface has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy. At 300 K, PH3 adsorbs molecularly on top of a single Si=Si dimer with the phosphorus atom in a pentacoordinate configuration. Phosphine adsorption is accompanied by occasional ejection of silicon atoms from the substrate onto the surface, creating surface vacancies and Si adatoms. Si atoms are preferentially ejected from defect sites. At high coverage, adsorbed PH3 molecules order into small regions of c(4x2) symmetry and the ejected silicon nucleates into small dimer strings. The long- range order of the molecular PH 3 is disrupted by domain boundaries and the ejected silicon. Annealing PH 3- saturated surfaces produces further ejection of silicon onto the surface, resulting in large silicon islands covering approximately 20% of the surface.
Efficient Structured Light Generator (2016)

We describe a refractive micro-structure that generates a pseudo-random structured light pattern for gesture recognition and 3D sensing applications. The optical element provides wide field-of-view, high efficiency, and no zero order.
POLYNOMIAL TIME ALGORITHMS FOR SOLVING NP-COMPLETE PROBLEMS (2020)

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Validation of the French version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for posttraumatic stress disorder (2013)

Our findings support the use of the French version of the PSQI-A for both clinical care and research. The French version of the PSQI-A is an important addition to the currently available instruments that can be used to examine trauma-related sleep disturbances among French-speaking individuals.
Units, Conversion Factors and Related Medical Abbreviations (2001)

The prelims comprise: Weight Length Volume Abbreviations and prefixes Converting units within the metric system Converting ‘old’ imperial units to metric values ‘Household’or‘domestic’ measurement system Temperature conversions To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit Related medical abbreviations
Characteristics of the metal-Oxide-semiconductor transistors (1964)

The theory of the MOS transistor in the gradual channel approximation is presented with the assumption of constant surface and bulk charge, and constant surface mobility. From the simple theory, the complete design equations are derived and design curves are calculated. From the analysis, the equivalent circuit parameters of the device are related to the basic properties of the material and geometry of the device. The simple theory is then critically compared with experimental measurements of MOS transistors with circular geometry. The comparison shows good general agreement with the theory of the dc characteristics but discrepancies are found for the differential characteristics such as the transconductance and the gate capacitance. The possible sources of the discrepancies are discussed.