gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-18-Binding Protein Expression by Endothelial Cells and Macrophages Is Up-Regulated During Active Crohn’s Disease (2002)

The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) remains under intense investigation. Increasing evidence suggests a role for mature IL-18 in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and Th1 polarization in CD lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the IL-18-neutralizing (a and c) and non-neutralizing (b and d) isoforms of IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP) during active CD. Intestinal endothelial cells and macrophages were the major source of IL-18BP within the submucosa, and this IL-18BP production was also found to be relevant to other types of endothelial cells (HUVEC) and macrophages (peripheral monocytes). IL-18BP messenger transcript and protein were significantly increased in surgically resected specimens from active CD compared with control patients, correlating with an up-regulation of IL-18. Analysis of the expression of the four IL-18BP isoforms as well as being free or bound to IL-18 was reported and revealed that unbound IL-18BP isoforms a and c and inactive isoform d were present in specimens from active CD and control patients while isoform b was not detected. IL-18/IL-18BP complex was also detected. Interestingly, although most was complexed, free mature IL-18 could still be detected in active CD specimens even in the presence of the IL-18BP isoform a/c. These results demonstrate that the appropriate neutralizing isoforms are present in the intestinal tissue of patients with active CD and highlights the complexity of IL-18/IL-18BP biology.
Synergistic Effects of a Night Temperature Shift and Methyl Jasmonate on the Production of Anthocyanin in Red Leaf Lettuce (2017)

The production of a secondary metabolite such as anthocyanin is coordinately regulated by plant intrinsic factors and influenced by multiple environmental factors. In red leaf lettuce, the red pigment component anthocyanin is important for the commercial value of the crop, but its synchronous regulation by multiple factors is not well understood. Here, we examined the synergistic effects of a night temperature shift and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the production of anthocyanin in red leaf lettuce. Low or high night temperature treatment for 3 days just before harvesting induced the production of anthocyanin without affecting plant biomass. Temperature-dependent activation of anthocyanin accumulation was accelerated by treating with MJ. Night temperature shifts and MJ triggered oxidative stresses in leaves, as indicated by hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, these oxidative stresses were more evident in leaves simultaneously treated with both a high night temperature and MJ. The activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased alongside the elevation of oxidative stress. Taken together, these results indicate that the combined treatment of a night temperature shift with MJ may accelerate anthocyanin production by increasing the levels of oxidative stress to the leaves of red leaf lettuce.
"I'm eating a sandwich in Glasgow" (2011)

Social media such as Twitter generate large quantities of data about what a person is thinking and doing in a particular location. We leverage this data to build models of locations to improve our understanding of a user's geographic context. Understanding the user's geographic context can in turn enable a variety of services that allow us to present information, recommend businesses and services, and place advertisements that are relevant at a hyper-local level.
Metabolic studies with an alpha-nucleoside, 9-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl-8-azaadenine. (1976)

α-Arabinosyl-8-azaadenine (α-ara-8-azaA) and α-arabinosyladenine (α-araA) were toxic to H.Ep.2 cells in culture, whereas the corresponding β anomers were not toxic at the highest concentrations (375 µM) assayed. α-Ara-8-azaA was more cytotoxic than α-araA and therefore was selected for more detailed study. Cell lines deficient in adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20) were resistant to inhibition by α-ara-8-azaA. Cultured H.Ep.2 cells grown in the presence of [2- 14 C]α-ara-8-azaA contained compounds migrating on paper chromatograms like mono-, and di-, and triphosphates. Characterization of these compounds by paper chromatography and by high-pressure liquid chromatography showed them to be phosphates of α-ara-8-azaA; there were no detectable amounts of ribonucleotides and thus, presumably, no cleavage of α-ara-8-azaA to 8-azaA. There was also no detectable radioactivity in polynucleotides isolated by extraction with hot NaCl solution. α-Ara-8-azaA was a substrate for adenosine kinase partially purified from H.Ep.2 cells; the K m was 110 µM and the V max was about 15% of that of adenosine. α-Ara-8-azaA was not a substrate for adenosine deaminase; several other α-nucleosides assayed also had little or no activity as substrates for this enzyme. These results, which show that an analogue of adenosine in the unnatural α configuration has biological activity and differs markedly from the β anomer in biological activity and in activity as a substrate for the principal enzymes acting on adenosine, are of importance for understanding the modes of action of adenosine analogues and should also find application in the design of new nucleoside analogues with biological activity. In the course of characterizing the metabolites, a rapid and convenient method was developed for the separation, by high-pressure liquid chromatography, of the α and β anomers of ara-8-azaA; this method should also be applicable to the separation of anomers of other nucleosides.
Dominant Papillary Subtype Is a Significant Predictor of the Response to Gefitinib in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (2004)

The results of the present study indicate that dominant papillary subtype findings of lung adenocarcinomas can be an important predictor of the response to gefitinib. Thus, this type of adenocarcinoma might be susceptible to postoperative adjuvant treatment with gefitinib.
Free-radical reactions of halogenated bridged polycyclic compounds. Part IV. The free-radical addition of polyhalogenomethanes and of thiols to 2,3-dichloronorborna-2,5-diene, and the preparation of 2,3-dichloroquadricyclene (1967)

The addition of carbon tetrachloride to 2,3-dichloronorborna-2,5-diene (IX) affords the product of 1,2-addition to the unsubstituted double bond, 3-endo,5,6-trichloro-2-exo-trichloromethylnorborn-5-ene (XIIIa), and the product of homoconjugative addition, 5,5,6-trichloro-3-exo-trichloromethylnortricyclene (XIVa); bromotrichloromethane forms the comparable compounds (XIIIb) and (XIVb and/or XVb). The addition of thiols is similar and affords 5,6-dichloronorborn-5-en-2-exo-yl aryl or alkyl sulphides (XIIc, d, and e), together with equal amounts of 5-endo,6-dichloronortricyclyl-3-exo-yl aryl or alkyl sulphides (XIVc, d, and e) and their 5-exo-epimers (XVc, d, and e). The formation of these products is discussed in relation to the free-radical addition reactions of norbornadiene, hexachloronorbornadiene and hexachloromethylenenorbornene, and suggests the importance of nortricyclyl type intermediates in the reactions of the latter two dienes. The preparation of 2,3-dichloroquadricyclene (XVII) is reported.
Iterative algorithms for deblurring and deconvolution with constraints (1998)

The deblurring problem is that of recovering the function from (noisy) values . The discrete finite version of the problem is to solve the system of linear equations Hc=d for c, where H is a matrix and d and c are vectors. When the kernel is a function of the difference , the deblurring problem becomes a deconvolution problem. The use of iterative algorithms to effect deblurring subject to non-negativity constraints on c has been presented by Snyder et al for the case of non-negative kernel function h. In this paper we extend these algorithms to include upper and lower bounds on the entries of the desired solution. We show that any linear deblurring problem involving a real kernel h can be transformed into a linear deblurring problem involving a non-negative kernel. Therefore our algorithms apply to general deblurring and deconvolution problems. These algorithms converge to a solution of the system of equations y = Px, with , for , , satisfying the vector inequalities , whenever such a solution exists. When there is no solution satisfying the constraints the simultaneous versions converge to an approximate solution that minimizes a cost function related to the Kullback-Leibler cross-entropy and the Fermi-Dirac generalized entropy.
Skin Antisepsis Kits Containing Alcohol and Chlorhexidine Gluconate or Tincture of Iodine are Associated With Low Rates of Blood Culture Contamination (2002)

Both of these antiseptic kits were highly effective for skin preparation prior to drawing blood for cultures. The use of these kits may have contributed to the low contamination rate observed in this study.
Composting Short Paper Fiber with Broiler Litter and Additives: Part I: Effects of Initial pH and Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio On Ammonia Emission (2000)

Short paper fiber (SPF), a by-product of the paper mill industry, was cocomposted with broiler litter (BL) to determine decomposition rate and NH3-N loss as functions of C/N ratio and pH of the compost mixes. The SPF generally had a high C/N ratio >200 while the BL, consisting of bedding material (sawdust) and poultry manure, had a low C/N ratio of 10–12. A total of seven series (27 tests) of pilot-scale studies were conducted using two different SPFs mixed with BL. Additives used for pH control were alum (aluminum sulfate), HiClay® Alumina and sulfuric acid. Mixing ratios [SPF/(SPF+BL), kg/kg(dry basis)] used were 0.8 to 0.4. Test conditions were C/N of 17 to 49, pH of 6.6 to 8.3, initial temperatures of −1 to 22°C, composting temperature of 60°C, water content of 50-55% w.b. and remixing two times per week. Composting temperature was controlled using forced ventilation with a high/low fan setting. Composting trials lasted two weeks. Ammonia loss, O2, CO2, compost temperatures and dry solids loss were measured. Evaluations of ammonia emissions versus initial C/N and pH showed: (1) NH3-N loss decreased as initial C/N increased, even above C/N = 38; (2) NH3-N loss decreased rapidly below pH = 7 and increased rapidly for initial pH above 8. Addition of alum and/or sulfuric acid was found to decrease NH3- N loss while HiClay® Alumina had little or no effect. Results on dry solids loss are not presented in this article.
Epidemiology of esophageal cancer: Orient to Occident. Effects of chronology, geography and ethnicity (2009)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been rapidly increasing in Western countries during the past half century, especially in white men. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) used to be the dominant type of esophageal malignancy both in Western and Asian countries. The rapid increase of EAC in Western countries has occurred in parallel with an increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its major determinant, obesity. Such an increase in EAC has not yet been observed in Asia, despite a recent increase in prevalence of GERD. In this mini-review, we analyze possible factors influencing such east-west ('Orient to Occident') differences, particularly possible roles of ethnicity and environmental factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection and nutritional factors, and how these might interact with socioeconomic differences. Development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma appears to be strongly affected by ethnic factors, with populations resident at the west end of the Eurasian continent, such as Anglo-Celtics, being more prone to both conditions. On the other hand, ethnic groups from the eastern and southern ends of Eurasia, such as Chinese, Koreans and Japanese, and Africans might be more prone to developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Future trends will also be discussed.
Low Damage In-Situ Contact Cleaning Method by a Highly Dense and Directional ECR Plasma (1995)

In situ electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma cleaning process is applied for the cleaning of sub-half-micron-sized contacts in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices. ECR plasma cleaning shows superior performance over reactive ion etch (RIE), RF plasma, and dilute HF wet cleaning methods. The high density but low incident energy of the ECR plasma process minimizes surface damage. In addition, the high directionality of this process effectively removes surface impurities from sub-half-micron-sized contacts, resulting in low and stable contact resistance. The ECR plasma cleaning process also reshapes the contact profile in favor of contact filling by Al reflow and is extremely effective for contact cleaning, especially when H 2 is incorporated to the ECR plasma cleaning process. Thus it shows great promise as a future contact cleaning technology of choice.
Engineered Virus in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Shows Treatment Potential (2014)

Scientists have discovered that the injection of an engineered virus into triple-negative breast cancer cells may allow the cancers to be treated with therapeutic radioiodine, a treatment traditionally used to treat thyroid cancers.
Optically Produced Arrays of Planar Nanostructures inside Fused Silica (2006)

Linearly polarized femtosecond light pulses, focused inside fused silica to an intensity that leads to multiphoton ionization, produce arrayed planes of modified material having their normal parallel to the laser polarization. The planes are < or = 10 nm thick and are spaced at approximately lambda/2 in the medium for free space wavelengths of both 800 and 400 nm. By slowly scanning the sample under a fixed laser focus, order is maintained over macroscopic distances for all angles between the polarization and scan direction. With the laser polarization parallel to the scan direction we produce long-range Bragg-like gratings. We discuss how local field enhancement influences dielectric ionization, describe how this leads to nanoplane growth, why the planes are arrayed, and how long-range order is maintained.
Optical Depth of Overcast Cloud across Canada: Estimates Based on Surface Pyranometer and Satellite Measurements (1998)

Overcast cloud optical depths τ are inferred from hourly, broadband surface pyranometer measurements of global irradiance for 21 Canadian stations. A radiative transfer model that treats the atmosphere as plane-parallel and horizontally homogeneous is used so inferred τ are effective values that should resemble those used by GCM radiation routines. Results are presented mostly for June, July, and August (JJA), thus minimizing the impact of surface albedo errors that arise from unreported sea–ice and ground snow. Measurement periods for several sites exceed 20 yr. Frequency distributions of τ for JJA can be described well by gamma distributions with mean values τ that tend to be largest (30–35) for southern continental sites and smallest (20–25) for continental subarctic sites. Corresponding standard deviations are generally near ∼1.4τ. Diurnal amplitudes of hourly mean τ (dayside) are negligible for most sites but exceed 5 for some. There is some evidence of weak, yet occasionally significant, increases in monthly mean τ from the late 1960s to early 1990s. Annual results for four coastal sites exhibit maximum monthly mean τ during autumn. The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)-CX optical depths τsat (means of ∼10 km cloudy pixel values inside 1° × 1° cells centered roughly on pyranometers) are compared with collocated surface-inferred values τsrf (means of two hourly values that flank ISCCP snapshots). Data for JJA of 1989 at a continental and a maritime site are considered. For the majority of cases, 1.25 < τsrf/τsat < 2.25 echoes an independent study. Many occurrences of τsat ≪ τsrf have ISCCP IR temperatures >273 K so cloud phase is not an issue. Moreover, for most of these cases, variances for the 10-km pixel optical depths suggest weak horizontal variability of cloud. A full explanation of this systematic discrepancy is beyond the scope of this study.
Capsular Localization of the<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>Polysaccharide Component Galactoxylomannan (2008)

Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide is composed of at least two components, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and galactoxylomannans (GalXM). Although GXM has been extensively studied, little is known about the location of GalXM in the C. neoformans capsule, in part because there are no serological reagents specific to this antigen. To circumvent the poor immunogenicity of GalXM, this antigen was conjugated to protective antigen from Bacillus anthracis as a protein carrier. The resulting conjugate elicited antibodies that reacted with GalXM in mice and yielded an immune serum that proved useful for studying GalXM in the polysaccharide capsule. In acapsular cells, immune serum localized GalXM to the cell wall. In capsulated cells, immune serum localized GalXM to discrete pockets near the capsule edge. GalXM was abundant on the nascent capsules of budding daughter cells. The constituent sugars of GalXM were found in vesicle fractions consistent with vesicular transport for this polysaccharide. In addition, we generated a single-chain fraction variable fragment antibody with specificity to oxidized carbohydrates that also produced punctate immunofluorescence on encapsulated cells that partially colocalized with GalXM. The results are interpreted to mean that GalXM is a transient component of the polysaccharide capsule of mature cells during the process of secretion. Hence, the function of GalXM appears to be more consistent with that of an exopolysaccharide than a structural component of the cryptococcal capsule.
Adaptive rate-controlled scheduling for multimedia applications (1997)

We present a framework for integrated scheduling of continuous media (CM) and other applications. The framework, called ARC scheduling, consists of a rate-controlled on-line CPU scheduler, an admission control interface, a monitoring module, and a rate adaptation interface. ARC scheduling allows threads to reserve CPU time for guaranteed progress. It provides firewall protection between threads such that the progress guarantee to a thread is independent of how other threads actually make scheduling requests. Rate adaptation allows a CM application to adapt its rate to changes in its execution environment. We have implemented the framework as an extension to Solaris 2.3. We present experimental results which show that ARC scheduling is highly effective for integrated scheduling of CM and other applications in a general purpose workstation environment. ARC scheduling is a key component of an end system architecture we have designed and implemented to support networking with quality of service guarantees. In particular, it enables protocol threads to make guaranteed progress.
Corrosion Resistance and Durability of Superhydrophobic Surface Formed on Magnesium Alloy Coated with Nanostructured Cerium Oxide Film and Fluoroalkylsilane Molecules in Corrosive NaCl Aqueous Solution (2011)

The corrosion resistant performance and durability of the superhydrophobic surface on magnesium alloy coated with nanostructured cerium oxide film and fluoroalkylsilane molecules in corrosive NaCl aqueous solution were investigated using electrochemical and contact angle measurements. The durability of the superhydrophobic surface in corrosive 5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution was elucidated. The corrosion resistant performance of the superhydrophobic surface formed on magnesium alloy was estimated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The EIS measurements and appropriate equivalent circuit models revealed that the superhydrophobic surface considerably improved the corrosion resistant performance of magnesium alloy AZ31. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 3359-02 cross cut tape test was performed to investigate the adhesion of the superhydrophobic film to the magnesium alloy surface. The corrosion formation mechanism of the superhydrophobic surface formed on the magnesium alloy was also proposed.
Prediction error method for second-order blind identification (1997)

Blind channel identification methods based on the oversampled channel output are a problem of current theoretical and practical interest. In this paper, we introduce a second-order blind identification technique based on a linear prediction approach. In contrast to eigenstructure-based methods, it will be shown that the linear prediction error method is "robust" to order overdetermination. An asymptotic performance analysis of the proposed estimation method is carried out, consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimates is established. A closed-form expression for the asymptotic covariance of the estimates is given. Numerical simulations and investigations are finally presented to demonstrate the potential and the "robustness" of the proposed method.
Estimation of Bowing Angle for Ritsurei Teaching System using Human Body Contour and Local Features (2015)

In Japan, we frequently bow to various people in daily life. Therefore, we should acquire the polite ritsurei so that we don't give the other party the unpleasant. The goal of the research is development of ritsurei teaching system which is composed of ritsurei evaluation phase and user teaching phase. The ritsurei evaluation phase evaluates ritsurei based on position of human body as back of the head, the back, and the waist. However, it is difficult to track these positions. Because back of the head, the back, and waist have little characteristic pattern. In this paper, we estimate bowing angle by tracking relative movements of local features on human body contour. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method has increased estimation accuracy of angle by 40% compared with the system which tracks back of the head, the back, and the waist without contour of human body. In addition, identification accuracy of proposed system has been equal to identification accuracy of marker tracking system.
Influence of the substrate binding characteristics of fibronectin on corneal epithelial cell outgrowth (1992)

The outgrowth of corneal epithelial cells onto a polymeric substrate is expected to be the primary event in the epithelialization of a synthetic corneal graft. Circular corneal buttons (5 mm) were punched from excised rabbit corneas and placed onto bare substrates or substrates preadsorbed with fibronectin (fn), albumin, or binary mixtures of both fn and albumin. Cell outgrowth areas were measured after culturing the buttons for 4 days in serum-free medium. Fibronectin adsorption to the materials was measured from pure and binary solutions with 125I-radiolabeled fibronectin. A parameter thought to be related to the binding strength of fn to polymeric substrates was measured in parallel experiments by partial elution of the adsorbed fn by 3% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Following pure solution fibronectin adsorption a range of outgrowth areas was measured (from 0.86 +/- 0.03 cm2 for glass to 1.49 +/- 0.03 cm2 for TCPS). On all of the materials tested cell outgrowth areas increased following fn preadsorption and decreased following albumin preadsorption relative to bare surfaces (p less than 0.05). Following preadsorption with binary protein mixtures cell outgrowth areas increased with fibronectin adsorption, however, the outgrowth areas were not determined solely by the concentration of fn adsorbed onto the surfaces. This result suggested that the biological efficiency of the adsorbed fibronectin was substrate-dependent. When the cell outgrowth data were cross-plotted against fn retention following SDS elution, the outgrowth areas were found to increase along with increases in fn retention. Based on these data we suggest that epithelial cell outgrowth may be partially governed by the tightness of binding between the fn molecules and the underlying substrate.