gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of High Concentrations of Leukocytes on Whole Blood Viscosity (1971)

Abstract Whole blood viscosity of patients with leukemic leukocytosis was compared to that of normals with a similar total packed cell volume (TPCV). Leukocytes in suspension were also studied and found to have a greater viscosity than erythrocytes. We found no relation between the magnitude of the leukocyte count and whole blood viscosity. The presence of anemia in the patients with leukemia prevented elevation of their TPCV. This, as well as the normal variability of blood viscosity obscured any increase that could have been produced by the greater viscosity of massed leukocytes.
Detection of defects in cylindrical structures using a time reverse numerical simulation method (2002)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V Zusammenfassung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII List of symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX List of abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII
Faithful Chromosome Transmission Requires Spt4p, a Putative Regulator of Chromatin Structure in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

A chromosome transmission fidelity (ctf) mutant, s138, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified by its centromere (CEN) transcriptional readthrough phenotype, suggesting perturbed kinetochore integrity in vivo. The gene complementing the s138 mutation was found to be identical to the S. cerevisiae SPT4 gene. The s138 mutation is a missense mutation in the second of four conserved cysteine residues positioned similarly to those of zinc finger proteins, and we henceforth refer to the mutation of spt4-138. Both spt4-138 and spt4 delta strains missegregate a chromosome fragment at the permissive temperature, are temperature sensitive for growth at 37 degrees C, and upon a shift to the nonpermissive temperature show an accumulation of large budded cells, each with a nucleus. Previous studies suggest that Spt4p functions in a complex with Spt5p and Spt6p, and we determined that spt6-140 also causes missegregation of a chromosome fragment. Double mutants carrying spt4 delta 2::HIS3 and kinetochore mutation ndc10-42 or ctf13-30 show a synthetic conditional phenotype. Both spt4-138 and spt4 delta strains exhibit synergistic chromosome instability in combination with CEN DNA mutations and show in vitro defects in microtubule binding to minichromosomes. These results indicate that Spt4p plays a role in chromosome segregation. The results of in vivo genetic interactions with mutations in kinetochore proteins and CEN DNA and of in vitro biochemical assays suggest that Spt4p is important for kinetochore function.
Aptamer-Based Carboxyl-Terminated Nanocrystalline Diamond Sensing Arrays for Adenosine Triphosphate Detection (2017)

Here, we propose simple diamond functionalization by carboxyl termination for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection by an aptamer. The high-sensitivity label-free aptamer sensor for ATP detection was fabricated on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD). Carboxyl termination of the NCD surface by vacuum ultraviolet excimer laser and fluorine termination of the background region as a passivated layer were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Single strand DNA (amide modification) was used as the supporting biomolecule to immobilize into the diamond surface via carboxyl termination and become a double strand with aptamer. ATP detection by aptamer was observed as a 66% fluorescence signal intensity decrease of the hybridization intensity signal. The sensor operation was also investigated by the field-effect characteristics. The shift of the drain current-drain voltage characteristics was used as the indicator for detection of ATP. From the field-effect characteristics, the shift of the drain current-drain voltage was observed in the negative direction. The negative charge direction shows that the aptamer is capable of detecting ATP. The ability of the sensor to detect ATP was investigated by fabricating a field-effect transistor on the modified NCD surface.
Meat: the edible flesh from mammals only or does it include poultry, fish, and seafood? (2017)

Historically, meat science research has been focused on the edible flesh from mammals. Though differences exist between edible flesh from mammals, poultry, and fish, there are also many similarities with respect to muscle fiber type, rigor mortis, and quality problems associated with these muscle foods. Different entities provide variable definitions for what constitutes meat. Since many companies in the United States utilize multiple species in processed food products, there is an emphasis on including poultry in the definition of meat and meat science research. This paper does not attempt to define meat, but does discuss similarities and differences between muscle foods that may be defined as meat. All types of fresh meat products are susceptible to quality defects. Muscles with higher concentrations of red fibers are susceptible to long-term stress and the production of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. Muscles with greater concentrations of white fibers are susceptible to short-term stress and the production of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat. In recent years, genetic selection of broilers for high breast yield has introduced white striping and woody breast meat defects that are partially attributed to both genetics and nutrition.
Microfluidics and Raman microscopy: current applications and future challenges (2013)

Raman microscopy systems are becoming increasingly widespread and accessible for characterising chemical species. Microfluidic systems are also progressively finding their way into real world applications. Therefore, it is anticipated that the integration of Raman systems with microfluidics will become increasingly attractive and practical. This review aims to provide an overview of Raman microscopy-microfluidics integrated systems for researchers who are actively interested in utilising these tools. The fundamental principles and application strengths of Raman microscopy are discussed in the context of microfluidics. Various configurations of microfluidics that incorporate Raman microscopy methods are presented, with applications highlighted. Data analysis methods are discussed, with a focus on assisting the interpretation of Raman-microfluidics data from complex samples. Finally, possible future directions of Raman-microfluidic systems are presented.
High-Temperature Corrosion of UNS N10003 in Molten Li2BeF4 (FLiBe) Salt (2015)

Corrosion testing of UNS N10003 in molten fluoride salt was performed in purified molten 27LiF-BeF2 (66–34 mol%) (FLiBe) salt at 700°C for 1,000 h, in pure nickel and graphite capsules. In the nickel capsule tests, the near-surface region of the alloy exhibited an approximately 200 nm porous structure, an approximately 3.5 μm chromium-depleted region, and MoSi2 precipitates. In the tests performed in graphite capsules, the alloy samples gained weight because of the formation of a variety of Cr3C2, Cr7C3, Mo2C, and Cr23C6 carbide phases on the surface and in the subsurface regions of the alloy. A Cr-depleted region was observed in the near-surface region where Mo thermally diffused toward either the surface or the grain boundary, which induced an approximately 1.4 μm Ni3Fe alloy layer in this region. The carbide-containing layer extended to approximately 7 μm underneath the Ni3Fe layer. The presence of graphite dramatically changes the mechanisms of corrosion attack in UNS N10003 in molten FLiBe salt. In terms of the depth of attack, graphite clearly accelerates the corrosion, but the results appear to indicate that the formation of the Cr23C6 phase might stabilize the Cr and mitigate its dissolution in molten FLiBe salt. Moreover, a thermal diffusion controlled corrosion model that was fundamentally derived from Fick's second law was applied to predict the corrosion attack depth of 17.2 μm/y for UNS N10003 in molten FLiBe in the pure nickel capsule at 700°C.
High‐<i>Q</i> Polymer Microcavities Integrated on a Multicore Fiber Facet for Vapor Sensing (2019)

Abstract The further development of “lab on fiber” technology demands more powerful optical microsystems and optical fibers with special functions to create sensors with better performance. Whispering gallery microcavities (WGMs) made of different materials with high quality factors show very good sensitivity to gases, nanoparticles, and biocomponents. However, realizing the excitation and detection of the resonant modes of WGMs on the facets of optical fibers is still a great challenge. This work employs the advanced 3D manufacturing technology of two‐photon lithography to fabricate an optical microsystem on the end facet of a multicore optical fiber, which enables excitation and detection of whispering gallery modes on the end facet of an optical fiber. Whispering gallery modes with high quality factors are observed, and the sensing characterization of this device for vapors of three types of volatile organic compounds is investigated. Such optical fiber vapor sensors can be applied in the fields of medical care, environmental monitoring and chemical manufacturing. Additionally, the out‐of‐plane light coupling strategy may be useful for the design of integrated optical circuits on chips.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates (2008)

A general protocol for the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl tosylates and mesylates to form esters has been developed using a catalyst system derived from Pd(OAc)2 and the bulky, bidentate dcpp ligand. The system operates under mild conditions: atmospheric CO pressure and temperatures of 80-110 degrees C. A broad substrate scope has been demonstrated allowing carbonylation of electron-rich, electron-poor, and heterocyclic tosylates and mesylates, and the reaction shows wide functional group tolerance.
Transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic: nothing noble is accomplished without danger (2020)

The global health crisis due to the fast spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused major disruption in all aspects of healthcare. Transplantation is one of the most affected sectors, as it relies on a variety of services that have been drastically occupied to treat patients affected by COVID-19. With this report from two transplant centers in Italy, we aim to reflect on resource organization, organ allocation, virus testing and transplant service provision during the course of the pandemic and to provide actionable information highlighting advantages and drawbacks.To what extent can we preserve the noble purpose of transplantation in times of increased danger? Strategies to minimize risk exposure to the transplant population and health- workers include systematic virus screening, protection devices, social distancing and reduction of patients visits to the transplant center. While resources for the transplant activity are inevitably reduced, new dilemmas arise to the transplant community: further optimization of time constraints during organ retrievals and implantation, less organs and blood products donated, limited space in the intensive care unit and the duty to maintain safety and outcomes.
CRANAI: a new search model reinforced by combining a ranking algorithm with author inputs (2005)

The explosion of information on the Internet has made search engine become the main method for users to find information on the Web. In this paper, we propose a new search model by combining a hyperlink-based page ranking algorithm with author inputs. The page ranking algorithm measures page importance by calculating the page weight based on incoming and outgoing hyperlinks in the page. The author input takes into account the weight of relevance in terms of keywords or phrases of a page specified by the page creators. Our evaluation shows that the proposed search method performs better than that using only the page ranking algorithm
Synthesis of some 2-methoxy-3-alkylpyrazines with strong bell pepper-like odors (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of some 2-methoxy-3-alkylpyrazines with strong bell pepper-like odorsRichard M. Seifert, Ron G. Buttery, Dante G. Guadagni, Dale R. Black, and J. G. HarrisCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 2, 246–249Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60168a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (411 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
<title>Real-time detection of surface damage by direct assessment of the BRDF</title> (1993)

An approach is presented which allows the development of an in-process fiber optic stray light sensor and adapted real-time signal processing procedures for quality control of polished optical glass surfaces. The power of this new method is illustrated by presenting an instructive example in great detail.
The Hy-C process (thermal decomposition of natural gas): Potentially the lowest cost source of hydrogen with the least CO{sub 2} emission (1994)

The abundance of natural gas as a natural resource and its high hydrogen content make it a prime candidate for a low cost supply of hydrogen. The thermal decomposition of natural gas by methane pyrolysis produces carbon and hydrogen. The process energy required to produce one mol of hydrogen is only 5.3% of the higher heating value of methane. The thermal efficiency for hydrogen production as a fuel without the use of carbon as a fuel, can be as high as 60%. Conventional steam reforming of methane requires 8.9% process energy per mole of hydrogen even though 4 moles of hydrogen can be produced per mole of methane, compared to 2 moles by methane pyrolysis. When considering greenhouse global gas warming, methane pyrolysis produces the least amount of CO{sub 2} emissions per unit of hydrogen and can be totally eliminated when the carbon produced is either sequestered or sold as a materials commodity, and hydrogen is used to fuel the process. Conventional steam reforming of natural gas and CO shifting produces large amounts of CO{sub 2} emissions. The energy requirement for non-fossil, solar, nuclear, and hydropower production of hydrogen, mainly through electrolysis, is much greater than that from natural gas. From the resource available energy and environmental points of view, production of hydrogen by methane pyrolysis is most attractive. The by-product carbon black, when credited as a saleable material, makes hydrogen by thermal decomposition of natural gas (the Hy-C process) potentially the lowest cost source of large amounts of hydrogen.
The Onset and Progression of Pancreatic Insulitis in the Overt, Spontaneously Diabetic, Young Adult BB Rat Studied by Pancreatic Biopsy (1984)

A specially developed clamping procedure permitted the easy, complication-free removal of splenic pancreas from rats. Using this biopsy procedure pancreatic tissue was removed from 50- to 90-day-old BB rats to study in a retrospective experimental design the time at which insulitis appears in BB rats, which develop acute, overt diabetes before the age of 120 days. Islets in biopsies taken 18-53 days before the onset of diabetes showed normal structure and were free from any mononuclear infiltrations. Biopsies removed between 2 and 9 days before onset of diabetes in contrast showed widespread insulitis. In five rats in which the biopsy preceded the manifestation of diabetes by 11-16 days, only a small number of pancreatic islets showed small focal mononuclear cell infiltrations. Most of the islets in these five rats had a normal histologic appearance. Thus the lesions within the islets develop rapidly starting about 2-3 wk before overt diabetes. As revealed by autoradiography, pancreatic beta-cells still surviving at the time of onset of diabetes show a modest increase in replicative activity. Replicative activity of mononuclear inflammatory cells also was observed, suggesting that their accumulation within the islet tissue may result in part from local replication.
Overexpression of an <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> high-affinity phosphate transporter gene in tobacco cultured cells enhances cell growth under phosphate-limited conditions (1997)

A higher plant homologue to the high-affinity phosphate transporter gene of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) PHO84 was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the Arabidopsis gene PHT1 at high levels in tobacco-cultured cells increased the rate of phosphate uptake. The uptake activity attributable to the transgene was inhibited by protonophores, suggesting an H+ cotransport mechanism of phosphate uptake, and had a Km of 3.1 microM which is within limits characteristic of high-affinity transport mechanisms. These results indicate that PHT1 encodes a high-affinity phosphate transporter. The transgenic cells exhibited increased biomass production when the supply of phosphate was limited, establishing gene engineering of phosphate transport as one approach toward enhancing plant cell growth.
Dual targeting of<scp>l</scp>-carnitine-conjugated nanoparticles to OCTN2 and ATB<sup>0,+</sup>to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for colon cancer therapy (2017)

l-Carnitine, obligatory for oxidation of fatty acids, is transported into cells by the Na<sup>+</sup>-coupled transporter OCTN2 and the Na<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup>-coupled transporter ATB<sup>0,+</sup>. Here we investigated the potential of L-carnitine-conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (LC-PLGA NPs) to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs into cancer cells by targeting the nanoparticles to both OCTN2 and ATB<sup>0,+</sup>. The cellular uptake of LC-PLGA NPs in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and the colon cancer cell line Caco-2 was increased compared to unmodified nanoparticles, but decreased in the absence of co-transporting ions (Na<sup>+</sup> and/or Cl<sup>-</sup>) or in the presence of competitive substrates for the two transporters. Studies with fluorescently labeled nanoparticles showed their colocalization with both OCTN2 and ATB<sup>0,+</sup>, confirming the involvement of both transporters in the cellular uptake of LC-PLGA NPs. As the expression levels of OCTN2 and ATB<sup>0,+</sup> are higher in colon cancer cells than in normal colon cells, LC-PLGA NPs can be used to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs selectively into cancer cells for colon cancer therapy. With 5-fluorouracil-loaded LC-PLGA NPs, we were able to demonstrate significant increases in the uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells that were positive for OCTN2 and ATB<sup>0,+</sup>. In a 3D spheroid model of tumor growth, LC-PLGA NPs showed increased uptake and enhanced antitumor efficacy. These findings indicate that dual-targeting LC-PLGA NPs to OCTN2 and ATB<sup>0,+</sup> has great potential to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs for colon cancer therapy. Dual targeting LC-PLGA NPs to OCTN2 and ATB0,+ can selectively deliver chemotherapeutics to colon cancer cells where both transporters are overexpressed, preventing targeting to normal cells and thus avoiding off-target side effects.
New Xenon-Light Source for the Vacuum Ultraviolet* (1955)

A new vacuum ultraviolet-light source is described which emits a strong continuous emission spectrum from 1500A to 2250A. This source is constructed of Pyrex, is charged with xenon, and carries a fluorite window which allows the tube to be completely sealed off from the vacuum system. Microwave energy at a frequency of 2450 mc/sec is used to excite the emission. Molecular xenon is presumably responsible for the continuum and the main transition is probably 3∑u+→1∑g+ with some contribution from 1∑u+→1∑g+. The source has been used to photograph the Schumann-Runge absorption bands of oxygen in the first order of a 21-foot vacuum grating spectrograph.
Linear model hashing and batch RANSAC for rapid and accurate object recognition (2004)

This paper proposes a joint feature-based model indexing and geometric constraint based alignment pipeline for efficient and accurate recognition of 3D objects from a large model database. Traditional approaches either first prune the model database using indexing without geometric alignment or directly perform recognition based alignment. The indexing based pruning methods without geometric constraints can miss the correct models under imperfections such as noise, clutter and obscurations. Alignment based verification methods have to linearly verify each model in the database and hence do not scale up. The proposed techniques use spin images as semi-local shape descriptors and locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) to index into a joint spin image database for all the models. The indexed models represented in the pruned set are further pruned using progressively complex geometric constraints. A simple geometric configuration of multiple spin images, for instance a doublet, is first used to check for geometric consistency. Subsequently, full Euclidean geometric constraints are applied using RANSAC-based techniques on the pruned spin images and the models to verify specific object identity. As a result, the combined indexing and geometric alignment based pipeline is able to focus on matching the most promising models, and generate far less pose hypotheses while maintaining the same level of performance as the sequential alignment based recognition. Furthermore, compared to geometric indexing techniques like geometric hashing, the construction time and storage complexity for the proposed technique remains linear in the number of features rather than higher order polynomial. Experiments on a 56 3D model database show promising results.
Spatial Hearing (1996)

The field of spatial hearing has exploded in the decade or so since Jens Blauert's classic work on acoustics was first published in English. This revised edition adds a new chapter that describes developments in such areas as auditory virtual reality (an important field of application that is based mainly on the physics of spatial hearing), binaural technology (modeling speech enhancement by binaural hearing), and spatial sound-field mapping. The chapter also includes recent research on the precedence effect that provides clear experimental evidence that cognition plays a significant role in spatial hearing. The remaining four chapters in this comprehensive reference cover auditory research procedures and psychometric methods, spatial hearing with one sound source, spatial hearing with multiple sound sources and in enclosed spaces, and progress and trends from 1972 (the first German edition) to 1983 (the first English edition)—work that includes research on the physics of the external ear, and the application of signal processing theory to modeling the spatial hearing process. There is an extensive bibliography of more than 900 items.
Association Between Mutation Clearance After Induction Therapy and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2015)

The detection of persistent leukemia-associated mutations in at least 5% of bone marrow cells in day 30 remission samples was associated with a significantly increased risk of relapse, and reduced overall survival. These data suggest that this genomic approach may improve risk stratification for patients with AML.