gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multiple Ion Channel Blocker, NIP‐142, for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (2007)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the risk of stroke. Although currently available antiarrhythmic drugs are moderately effective in restoring normal sinus rhythm in patients with AF, excessive delay of ventricular repolarization by these agents may be associated with increased risk of proarrhythmia. Therefore, selective blockers of cardiac ion channel(s) that are exclusively present in the atria are highly desirable. NIP-142 is a novel benzopyrane derivative, which blocks potassium, calcium, and sodium channels and shows atrial specific action potential duration prolongation. NIP-142 preferentially blocks the ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kur) and the acetylcholine-activated potassium current (I KACh). Since I Kur and I KACh have been shown to be expressed more abundantly in the atrial than in the ventricular myocardium, the atrial-specific repolarization prolonging effect of NIP-142 is considered to be due to the blockade of these potassium currents. In canine models, NIP-142 was shown to terminate the microreentry type AF induced by vagal nerve stimulation and the macroreentry type atrial flutter induced by an intercaval crush. These effects of NIP-142 have been attributed to the prolongation of atrial effective refractory period (ERP), because this compound prolonged atrial ERP without affecting intraatrial and interatrial conduction times in these models. The ERP prolongation by NIP-142 was greater in the atrium than in the ventricle. NIP-142 also terminated the focal activity type AF induced by aconitine. In addition, NIP-142 reversed the atrial ERP shortening and the loss of rate adaptation induced by short-term rapid atrial pacing in anesthetized dogs. Thus, although clinical trials are required to provide evidence for its efficacy and safety, the novel multiple ion channel blocker, NIP-142, appears to be a useful agent for the treatment of several types of AF with a low risk of proarrhythmic activity.
Human Factors: a view from an integrative perspective (2012)

Available as open source download
Agent-based support for public information kiosks (1996)

KIMSAC-Kiosk-based Integrated Multimedia Service Access for Citizens-is a project supported by the EU's ACTS programme. It aims to provide a flexible way for citizens to access intricate and complex information provided on public information kiosks. To provide a high degree of usability, the concept of a personal service assistant (PSA) is used in this project, and is realised through adding the agent dimension to a multimedia presentation. Although the concept of the PSA is to help the client during an interactive session with the system, that is, attempting to determine the competence of the user and so modify the interface accordingly, the authors expect more from the PSA. The characteristics which a PSA should exhibit are, to be able to (a) carry out dialogue with the client, (b) provide a tone which builds trust in the client, (c) assist the client at varying levels of interface interaction (d) give assistance when the client has problems or the presentation fails and (e) let the client take control when appropriate. (3 pages)
Expression of Distinct ERG Proteins in Rat, Mouse, and Human Heart (2000)

One form of inherited long QT syndrome, LQT2, results from mutations in HERG1, the human ether-a-go-go-related gene, which encodes a voltage-gated K(+) channel alpha subunit. Heterologous expression of HERG1 gives rise to K(+) currents that are similar (but not identical) to the rapid component of delayed rectification, I(Kr), in cardiac myocytes. In addition, N-terminal splice variants of HERG1 and MERG1 (mouse ERG1) referred to as HERG1b and MERG1b have been cloned and suggested to play roles in the generation of functional I(Kr) channels. In the experiments here, antibodies generated against HERG1 were used to examine ERG1 protein expression in heart and in brain. In Western blots of extracts of QT-6 cells expressing HERG1, MERG1, or RERG1 (rat ERG1) probed with antibodies targeted against the C terminus of HERG1, a single 155-kDa protein is identified, whereas a 95-kDa band is evident in blots of extracts from cells expressing MERG1b or HERG1b. In immunoblots of fractionated rat (and mouse) brain and heart membrane proteins, however, two prominent high molecular mass proteins of 165 and 205 kDa were detected. Following treatment with glycopeptidase F, the 165- and 205-kDa proteins were replaced by two new bands at 175 and 130 kDa, suggesting that ERG1 is differentially glycosylated in rat/mouse brain and heart. In human heart, a single HERG1 protein with an apparent molecular mass of 145 kDa is evident. In rats, ERG1 protein (and I(Kr)) expression is higher in atria than ventricles, whereas in humans, HERG1 expression is higher in ventricular, than atrial, tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that the N-terminal alternatively spliced variants of ERG1 (i.e. ERG1b) are not expressed at the protein level in rat, mouse, or human heart and that these variants do not, therefore, play roles in the generation of functional cardiac I(Kr) channels.
Optimal Branching of Human Arterial Bifurcations (1990)

The area ratio, defined as the combined cross-sectional areas of the daughter branches divided by that of the parent artery, is an important indicator of "expansion" or "narrowing" in an arterial tree. In 120 morphologically normal human arterial bifurcations, angiographically studied, we measured branch artery diameters at and away from the bifurcation point to obtain "beta" and "D" ratios, respectively. These results were compared with optimal curves. Area ratio D values showed better agreement than area ratio beta with theoretical curves; for area ratio D, the positive regression line showed the same trend as expected from theory (y = 1.26 + 0.153x); for area ratio beta, the regression line was negative, showing a trend opposite to theory (y = 0.962 - 0.191x). Area ratio beta showed a significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.194; P less than 0.05) associated with aging, while for area ratio D it was not the same (r = 0.023; P less than 0.05). A significant correlation coefficient was also found between both of the area ratios and total branching angle. The new area ratio D, reflecting the branching geometry nearer to the bifurcation, is more promising than area ratio beta in the evaluation of optimal arterial bifurcation.
Star Tracks: Celebrity Values in People Magazine (2009)

Part of the Communication Commons This Student Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Communication Studies at Pilot Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication Studies Undergraduate Publications, Presentations and Projects by an authorized administrator of Pilot Scholars. For more information, please contact
Spore-Terminated Cantilevers for Chemical Patterning on Complex Architectures (2011)

Atomic force microscope tips terminated with spore cells are used to directly pattern onto glass and tissue surfaces. The spore cells act as sponges and eliminate the need to use microfabricated ink reservoirs during lithography.
<title>Elimination of blocky artifacts in predictive video coding</title> (1998)

In a number of image compression standards, the motion vectors are generally obtained by the well-known block matching algorithm (BMA), the error image along with the computed motion vectors are encoded. Unfortunately, this widely used approach generates artificial block boundary discontinuities, called blocky artifacts, between the blocks. Since the blocky artifacts are caused by synthesizing the predicted frame using one constant motion vector per block, we propose an algorithm that interpolates the motion vectors before the construction of the predicted image. Naturally, using spatially smooth motion vectors completely eliminates the blocky artifact. However, we can no longer use the motion vectors as provided by the BMA. The optimum motion vectors must minimize the norm of the error image. The proposed algorithm computes the optimum motion vectors, with the interpolation process built into the algorithm. To obtain spatially smooth motion vectors, we use a band-limited interpolation, and thus, we refer to our algorithm as the band-limited motion compensation (BLMC). Our simulations indicate that the BLMC completely eliminates the blocky artifacts, as expected, and in addition provides higher peak-signal-to-noise-ratio in comparison to the traditional BMA based motion compensation (BMC) as well as the overlapped BMC.
Numerical analysis of dielectric resonator antennas excited in quasi-TE modes (1993)

A numerical analysis of a half-split cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR) antenna on a conducting ground plane excited by a coaxial probe is presented. A procedure based on the method of moments (MoM) for the coupling of a body of revolution (BOR) to a non-BOR geometry is implemented. The antenna is operating in the TE01 and HEM12 modes. This antenna configuration has potential uses where high power handling capabilities and wide operating bandwidth are required.
Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Using Silk Piezoelectric Thin Film (2018)

In this letter, we present for the first time, a successful fabrication and characterization of silk piezoelectric thin film-based piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT). One of the exacting problems in the PMUT research is to find a suitable piezoelectric material to be used as the sensing and actuating element. Utilizing its innate piezoelectricity, we have used ultra-smooth silk thin film (RMS roughness = 2.84 nm, d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> = 56.2 pm/V) as the piezoelectric element of the PMUT. The silicon membrane of the PMUT is realized by bulk micromachining. The challenging task of integrating the silk thin film above the micromachined membrane is successfully accomplished and the device functionality is demonstrated. The silk PMUT exhibited center frequency at 76.59 kHz with a fractional bandwidth of 3.18 %, when characterized in air.
Soluble Polymeric Carriers for Drug Delivery—Part 4: Tissue Autoradiography, and Whole-Body Tissue Distribution in Mice, of N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamide Copolymers Following Intravenous Administration (1991)

The tissue distribution of water-soluble, non-biodegradable co polymers prepared from N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acrylamide (HPEA) is described, and their poten tial for use as carriers in drug delivery is discussed. Copolymers with weight- average molecular weights (Mw) of 4, 18, 75, and 90 x 10 3 Daltons, of low poly dispersity ( ≅M w /M n ≤ 1.40), were radiolabelled with 125 I and administered intravenously to mice. The biodistribution of the radioiodinated copolymers was determined at 10 min, 0.5, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h. All the copoly mers exhibited a molecular weight related clearance from the blood compart ment. Over the time course of our experiments the copolymers were found to access and be retained within different tissues of the body, in particular the skin and muscle, their rate of access and retention being governed by their molecular size (indicated here by molecular weight). No fractionation of molec ular weight occurred in vivo, as determined by Gel Permeation Chromatog raphy of extracted radioiodinated material from the mice. Comparatively little poly(HPMA/HPEA) was found associated with the liver and spleen, (organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system). Autoradiography of animal tissue sug gested that the copolymers appeared to be located in vivo in the muscle, dermis, at the interface of fat deposits (but not over the fat), hair follicles, and epider mis. The copolymers appeared not to be located intracellularly. For drug- delivery applications it is unlikely that these nonbiodegradable polymers will be of clinical use in chronic situations unless it can be categorically demon strated that the polymers are able to be completely removed from the body.
Changes in liver stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C with or without antiviral treatment (2011)

Aims: To determine the changing of liver fibrosis using transient elastography (TE) in patient with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) or only biochemical response (BR: HCV RNA positive, but normal ALT); comparing with non-responders (NR) and non-treated (NT) patients. Material and methods: LS was measured in 141 HCV infected patients. TE was made before the treatment, and during the follow-up in 11 of 84 pegylated interferon + ribavirin treated patients, who achieved SVR, in 40 patients with BR, and in 33 NRs, respectively. LS was determined in 57 untreated patients repeatedly after 6–22 months. Results: The LS decreased significantly in the SVR and the BR groups: 9.54±3.69–7.31±3.58 KPa, and 13.62±9.69–10.11±4.79 KPa, respectively. Mild progression of the LS was observed in the NR and NT groups (14.35±10.1–15.61±8.83 KPa and 12.85±12.47–13.94±14.06 KPa, respectively), but the differences are not significant. Conclusions: LS decreases significantly in patients with CHC who achieve SVR, furthermore, these results suggest, that the antiviral therapy may have favorable effect on liver fibrosis in patients with BR, as well. TE is a simple, non-invasive technique that enables multiple evaluations of the severity – and also its progression or regression – of the liver fibrosis in patients with CHC.
Will adjuvants be needed for vaccines of the future? (1998)

Adjuvants improve the uptake of antigens by the immune system, and stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APC) to express "danger signals" such as the secretion of cytokines. The physical changes in antigen distribution can also be brought about by DNA vaccines, which provide persistent antigenic stimulation, access to the endogenous antigen processing pathway and, with the appropriate mode of injection, targeting to APC; however the question of whether DNA vaccines induce danger signals is unresolved. This presentation reviews the particular features of the adjuvant action of Al(OH)3, muramyl dipeptides and saponins, and the danger signals they induce in APC to ascertain whether they provide clues as to how DNA vaccines might be improved. Three conclusions are drawn: (i) adjuvants differ in the relative efficacy with which they stimulate Th1 and Th2 cells; (ii) IL-1 is the only identified common danger signal induced by the three adjuvants; (iii) in the case of both muramyl dipeptides and saponins there are toxic and nontoxic analogues, and the adjuvant activity can be separated from the toxicity. The basis of the difference between the toxic and non-toxic analogues is not clear.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐5,6‐dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolines and Their Derivatives. (1985)

Abstract Die Synthese der Titelverbindungen (II), (V), (VI), (VIII) und (IX) wird beschrieben.
Secretion and Circular Dichroism Analysis of the C-Terminal Signal Peptides of HlyA and LktA (1995)

The secretion of the 107 kDa hemolysin A (HlyA) from Escherichia coli is mediated by membrane proteins hemolysin B (HlyB) and hemolysin D (HlyD). The signal for transport has been mapped to the C-terminal 60 amino acids of the HylA molecule. We have shown previously that the C-terminal 70 amino acids of leukotoxin (LktA) from Pasteurella hemolytica can substitute functionally for the HlyA signal sequence. This 70 amino acid peptide contains little primary sequence similarity to the HlyA signal sequence, and we have hypothesized that these signal sequences assume a similar higher-order structure which is recognized by the HlyB/D transporter. In the present study, we have expressed and purified small peptides containing the C-terminal 61 amino acids of HlyA and the C-terminal 70 amino acids of LktA. We show that these signal peptides are sufficient for secretion from E. coli in a HlyB/D dependent manner. Circular dichroism analyses show that both molecules exhibit common biophysical properties. In aqueous solution, they appear to be mainly unstructured, but in a membrane mimetic environment they assume a helical secondary structure. The conformational change observed for both peptides going from an aqueous to a membrane mimetic environment may be an important feature of these signal sequences necessary for their recognition and transport.
Appropriate Completion To Prevent Potential Damage of Annular Pressure Buildup in Deepwater Wells (2016)

Abstract Deepwater oil and gas wells will generate annular pressure due to the redistribution of wellbore temperature in production stage when the hyper-thermal fluid is lifted from reservoir formation. Annular pressure threatens casing integrity and well safety. Related accidents have been reported in Mexico Gulf, South China Sea and some other deepwater oilfield. The analysis indicates that annular pressure buildup is so high that deepwater well is in the risk of casing collapse, so it is necessary to take some measures to mitigate annular pressure. Since subsea wellhead is unable to release pressure, appropriate completion measures must be considered. Good understanding of mechanism as well as accurate calculation is prerequisite for appropriate completion, so a model is built based on comprehensive consideration of multi-string interaction and heat transfer process to offer basic pressure data for well completion. According to Annular Pressure Build-up mechanism, pressure can be controlled by releasing expanded liquid out or getting extra space to accommodate liquid as well as slowing down increasing speed of annular liquid temperature. Some completion technologies can work as mitigation measures. These mitigation methods can be divided into two types: active and passive. Active methods function through increasing heat-transfer resistance or eliminating annulus, including full-height cementing, heat-insulated liquid, thermal-insulated pipes and reducing production rate. Passive methods mitigate pressure build-up by releasing some extra space to contain expanded fluid, including cement shortfall, rupture disc, compressible foam and highly compressible annular fluid. These measures differs at cost, operating difficulty, reliability and working mechanism. Among them, thermal-insulated Pipes, heat-insulated liquid, compressible foam, rupture disc, increase the annular liquid compressibility possess good applicability and have been applied in some wells or tested through experiments. Considering deepwater wells' structure, this paper analyzes the feasible measures and offer design methods.
Integration of a transfected gene into the genome of Babesia bovis occurs by legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms (2015)

This study examines the patterns of gene integration of gfp-bsd upon stable transfection into the T3Bo strain of Babesia bovis using a plasmid designed to integrate homologous sequences of the parasite's two identical ef-1α A and B genes. While the transfected BboTf-149-6 cell line displayed two distinct patterns of gene integration, clonal lines derived from this strain by cell sorting contained only single gfp-bsd insertions. Whole genome sequencing of two selected clonal lines, E9 and C6, indicated two distinct patterns of gfp-bsd insertion occurring by legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms: one into the expected ef-1α orf B, and another into the ef-1α B promoter. The data suggest that expression of the ef-1α orf B is not required for development of B. bovis in cultured erythrocyte stages. Use of legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms in transfected B. bovis supports the future use of transfection methods for developing efficient gene function assignment experiments using gene knockout techniques.
High-Energy and High-Power-Density Potassium Ion Batteries Using Dihydrophenazine-Based Polymer as Active Cathode Material (2019)

Polymeric aromatic amines were shown to be very promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Surprisingly, these materials are scarcely used for designing post-lithium batteries. In this Letter, we investigate the application of the high-voltage poly(<i>N</i>-phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine) (p-DPPZ) cathodes for K-ion batteries. The designed batteries demonstrate an impressive specific capacity of 162 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at the current density of 200 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, operate efficiently at high current densities of 2-10 A g<sup>-1</sup>, enabling charge and discharge within ∼1-4 min, and deliver the specific capacity of 125-145 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> with a retention of 96 and 79% after 100 and 1000 charge-discharge cycles, respectively. Finally, these K-ion batteries with polymeric p-DPPZ cathodes showed rather outstanding specific power of >3 × 10<sup>4</sup> W kg<sup>-1</sup>, thus paving a way to the design of ultrafast and durable high-capacity metal-ion batteries matching the increasing demand for high power and high energy density electrochemical energy storage devices.
Influence of particle‐particle interactions and particles rotational motion in traveling wave dielectrophoresis (2006)

Traveling wave dielectrophoresis provides an interesting method for the controlled movement of microsized particles in suspended mixtures, and as such is a promising tool in microfluidic technology. In this case, the electrostatic force acting on the particles has two components: one due to the spatially varying magnitude of the electric field and the other due to the spatially varying phase. The actual movement of the particle is determined by the combined effect of these two forces and corresponding torques, the viscous drag exerted by the fluid on the particle, and the electrostatic and hydrodynamic particle-particle interactions. This paper presents the first numerical simulations of the motion of particles subjected to all previous forces and torques. Our technique is based on a finite-element scheme in which the particles are moved using a direct simulation scheme respecting the fundamental equations of motion for both the fluid and the solid particles. The fluid-particle motion is resolved by the method of distributed Lagrange multipliers and the electrostatic forces are computed using the point-dipole approximation. Our simulations show that the particle behavior strongly depends on the mismatch of the dielectric properties between the particles and the fluid, and that the particle-particle interaction force as well as particles rotation speeds play crucial roles in the various regimes.