gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous nano-patterning using plasmon-assisted photolithography (2011)

We report an innovative lithography system appropriate for fabricating sharp-edged nanodot patterns with nanoscale accuracy using plasmon-assisted photolithography. The key technology is two-photon photochemical reactions of a photoresist induced by plasmonic near-field light and the scattering component of the light in a photoresist film. The scattering component of the light is a radiation mode from higher order localized surface plasmon resonances scattered by metallic nanostructures.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of ASTM C33 Sand (2008)

Determining the state of the ground is critical for Objective Force operations.Currently, no methods exist to remotely, and accurately, measure the near-surface soil properties (strength, density, compressibility, and texture) needed to define ground state.Analysis of low-velocity impact probe deceleration, obtained during penetration, is the most practical method to remotely determine ground state.Development of the physics describing the behavior of the impact requires in-depth knowledge of the physical properties of the relevant soil.This report provides an extensive suite of calibration and verification material properties for predicting the response of an ASTM C33 sand to low-velocity probe penetration.The experimental program determined the following physical properties for this sand: elastic behavior (shear and Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio), strength characteristics (friction angle, cohesion, compressibility, and triaxial strength), and construction parameters (maximum/minimum densities, optimum moisture content, and California bearing ratio).
Serotype Switching in a Partially Deleted RHD Gene (1994)

We have studied the RH genes in donors with the RhD-negative haplotype dCes. In contrast to the usual arrangement of genes in RhD-negative individuals, where the lack of antigen expression is due to deletion of the entire RHD gene, we find that the dCes haplotype includes an RHD gene with an internal deletion. Moreover, there appear to be no 5' sequences characteristic of RHC suggesting that the RhC antigen may be encoded by a truncated RHD or a recombinant RHD/CE gene in these dCes/dce genomes.
Development of a Superficial Meristem During Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Cotyledons of Soybean (Glycine max L.) (1988)

Initial events were studied in the development of an embryogenic meristem during somatic embryogenesis from in vitro cultured immature cotyledons of soybean. The presence of 2,4-D in the culture medium led to the formation of a superficial embryogenic tissue associated with the abaxial epidermis of 3 mm cotyledons. Additionally, 2,4-D initiated rapid non-morphogenic periclinal division in the parenchyma tissues of the cotyledon. Consequent internal expansion disrupted and eventually ruptured the apparently quiescent adaxial epidermis. The profound difference in the in vitro response between abaxial and adaxial epidermes is discussed in relation to their relative roles in nutrient transport during seed development in vivo.
Comparative promoter analysis allows <i>de novo</i> identification of specialized cell junction-associated proteins (2006)

Shared transcription factor binding sites that are conserved in distance and orientation help control the expression of gene products that act together in the same biological context. New bioinformatics approaches allow the rapid characterization of shared promoter structures and can be used to find novel interacting molecules. Here, these principles are demonstrated by using molecules linked to the unique functional unit of the glomerular slit diaphragm. An evolutionarily conserved promoter model was generated by comparative genomics in the proximal promoter regions of the slit diaphragm-associated molecule nephrin. Phylogenetic promoter fingerprints of known elements of the slit diaphragm complex identified the nephrin model in the promoter region of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Genome-wide scans using this promoter model effectively predicted a previously unrecognized slit diaphragm molecule, cadherin-5. Nephrin, ZO-1, and cadherin-5 mRNA showed stringent coexpression across a diverse set of human glomerular diseases. Comparative promoter analysis can identify regulatory pathways at work in tissue homeostasis and disease processes.
Direct Writing of Gallium‐Indium Alloy for Stretchable Electronics (2014)

In this paper, a direct writing method for gallium‐indium alloys is presented. The relationships between nozzle inner diameter, standoff distance, flow rate, and the resulting trace geometry are demonstrated. The interaction between the gallium oxide layer and the substrate is critically important in understanding the printing behavior of the liquid metal. The difference between receding and advancing contact angles demonstrates that the adhesion of the oxide layer to the substrate surface is stronger than the wetting of the surface by the gallium‐indium alloy. This further demonstrates why free‐standing structures such as the traces described herein can be realized. In addition to the basic characterization of the direct writing process, a design algorithm that is generalizable to a range of trace geometries is developed. This method is applied to the fabrication of an elastomer‐encapsulated strain gauge that displays an approximately linear behavior through 50% strain with a gauge factor of 1.5.
Workload Characterization for Capacity Planning and Performance Management in IaaS Cloud (2012)

Effective characterization of workload could be used to drive Capacity Planning and Performance Management in IaaS Cloud. There are different workload metrics (e.g. CPU, memory usage, throughput, response time) which could be modeled along with relationships between them. Similarly, we could model relationships across a set of workloads. Analyzing and characterizing this would enable decision making for various scenarios such as migration, re-provisioning, load balancing, resource management, initial placement. In this paper, we study workload running in IaaS cloud and categorize into patterns, based on their behavioral characteristics. We define different types of behavioral patterns and outline statistical techniques to be used in determining these patterns. We present initial results for development workload data collected in the lab.
Molecular cytogenetics : protocols and applications (2002)

With the proliferation of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques as a powerful diagnostic tool in many areas of medicine, the variety and complexity of tests pose bewildering choices even for long-experienced laboratory technologists and physicians. In Molecular Cytogenetics: Protocols and Applications, Yao-Shan Fan and a panel of senior scientists and pioneering researchers describe in step-by-step fashion not only the leading FISH techniques, but also those molecular technologies beyond FISH now available for diagnostic services in genetics and oncology. The methods include labeling FISH probes for DNA and RNA targets, fluorescence genotyping, CGH microarray, spectral karyotyping/multicolor FISH, and primed in situ labeling. There are also techniques for multicolor fiber FISH, multi-telomere FISH, prenatal diagnosis using maternal blood, and preimplantation diagnosis. Oncological methods include simultaneous fluorescence immunophenotyping and FISH for leukemia and lymphoma, HER2 amplification in breast cancer, and CAC/PAC for cancer cytogenetics. Each easy-to-follow protocol offers first hand advice on how to obtain the best results, to avoid pitfalls, and to troubleshoot problems. Many protocols discuss possible future applications of the technology and explain its sensitivity and limitations. Cutting-edge and highly practical, Molecular Cytogenetics: Protocols and Applications offers laboratory physicians and scientists today's most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of FISH protocols for cancer diagnosis and investigation, plus an array of the emerging molecular technologies beyond FISH.
A virtual network solution for service mobility (2011)

In the Cloud Computing Context, a virtual Machine (VM) can be migrated from one physical host to a remote physical host while keeping it's address to avoid service discontinuity. The service application is so no more hosted on a particular physical machine but can move from one to other. We define therefore a new mobility context where the services provided by VMs move from one location to another during the continuous execution of the service application. This mobility requires the establishment of Layer-2 pipes to ensure that the VMs keep their initial addresses. We propose SMVN (Service Mobility Virtual Network), aMILPn MPLS/VPLS virtual network for the seamless VMs mobility. We state a MILP formulation of the proposed problem and solve it optimally using the TOMLAB/CPLEX solver. To deal with the latency constraints of VMs mobility, we propose also a Multi-Weighted Pareto Heuristic (MWPH) to solve the SMVN problem.
The role of furin in papillomavirus infection (2009)

Papillomaviruses represent a medically important virus family. Infection with a high-risk human papillomavirus type is a prerequisite for cervical carcinoma development. Infection by low-risk types may result in the generation of benign skin warts. It was recently found that infectious entry of these viruses is dependent upon a specific proteolytic event that occurs prior to viral endocytosis. Specifically, a proprotein convertase, furin or proprotein convertase 5/6, must cleave the minor capsid protein for infection to proceed. Here, an overview of what is currently known about this process is presented, and what we have learned about the papillomavirus lifecycle from these studies discussed. This work also has implications for further advances in papillomavirus vaccine development.
Oxygenated intermediate and carbonyl species of cytochrome o (Vitreoscilla). Characterization by infrared spectroscopy. (1982)

Oxygenated and carbonyl species of cytochrome o (Vitreoscilla) have been studied by infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the nature of Fe02 and FeCO bonding.Under turnover conditions in which NADH, 0 2 , and NADH-cytochrome o reductase were present at 4 "C, a characteristic "oxy" visible spectrum ( X , , , 415, 543,and 577 nm) is observed and an infrared band due to bound 1 6 0 2 is found at 1134 cm" with a half-band width (AvllZ) of 17 cm" and an integrated intensity (B) of -10 m"' cm-2.When the available oxygen becomes exhausted, the infrared band disappears and the characteristic "deoxy" visible spectrum ( X , , ,423 and 553 nm) appears.With *'02, the infrared band is shifted to 1078 cm".Only a single infrared band is seen for either '*02 or "02 in contrast to oxyhemoglobins and oxymyglobins for which multiple bands are found.These infrared spectra provide the first direct evidence for the nature of 0 2 bonding to an oxidase.Since the frequencies for 0 2 vibrations are in similar regions, bent-end-on oxygenyl-type bonding between ferrous iron and dioxygen must occur in oxycytochrome o as well as in oxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobins.However, there are characteristic differences in infrared spectra which indicate significant bonding differences between the three hemeproteins.CO bound to the fully reduced enzyme at 26 "C exhibits a stretch band with vc0 = 1964 cm-', A V ~, ~ = 9 cm", and B = 14 m"' crn-'.The intensity of the CO band is unusually sensitive to changes in temperature; B increased to 21 m"' cm-2 as the sample temperature was lowered from 26 to 4 "C.This C-0 stretch frequency is much higher than the major bands of hemoglobinAC0 (1951 cm") or bovine myoglobinCO (1944 em") whereas this vCo is nearly identical to that found for the carbonyl of another oxidase, cytochrome c oxidase.The band width is much less for cytochrome c oxidase (Av1,2 = 4 cm") which is consistent with a more stable and less exposed ligand-binding site.These highly characteristic infrared parameters for bound O2 and CO indicate unique features for ligand binding to cytochrome o compared with the other hemeproteins that have been similarly examined by infrared spectroscopy.
Behavioral Syndromes in Alzheimer’s Disease (1992)

The Behavioral Syndromes Scale for Dementia (BSSD) is a new instrument that showed strong internal consistency and interrater reliability in an outpatient sample of 106 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Factor analysis provided support for a priori symptom groupings, particularly the syndromes of disinhibition and apathy-indifference. Dependency (87%), denial of illness (63%), and motor agitation (55%) were common, while sexual disinhibition (2.9%) and self-destructive behaviors (2.9%) were rare. Virtually all symptoms were predominantly minimal to mild in severity. Patients with longer illness duration were more apathetic. Disinhibited behaviors and apathy-indifference increased with greater severity of dementia. Catastrophic reactions, aggression, and agitation were associated with greater functional impairment. There was great heterogeneity in symptom presentation. In Alzheimer's disease, several behavioral changes might be direct manifestations of underlying brain pathology, rather than being solely secondary to cognitive impairment.
Synthesis and Properties of a Biodegradable Dendritic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent (2014)

Abstract Novel biodegradable dendritic contrast agents (DCAs) based on polyester dendrimers were synthesized and characterized. The DCAs were stable at acidic pH, but hydrolyzed rapidly at physiological pH, which rendered the DCA's long‐term Gd 3+ retention as low as that of small molecule CAs. Their longitudinal relaxivities of 10.2 to 17.5 L·mmol −1 ·s −1 were about 2.4 to 4.1 times higher than that of DTPA‐Gd, indicating their superior contrast‐enhancing capability to the clinically used contrast agent. The in vivo MRI study suggested that the DCA at lower generation (G2‐DTPA‐Gd) could effectively enhance the MRI of tumor, while the one at higher generation (G5‐DTPA‐Gd) showed more potential in liver imaging.
A biopolymer mediated efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide (2012)

A promising application of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which is a congener of the cellulose family, as a supporting material for a variety of imidazolium based ionic liquid catalysts in the chemical fixation of CO2 has been studied here. The ionic liquids immobilized on the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMIL) showed high catalytic activity and selectivity in the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide (PO) resulting in propylene carbonate (PC) under mild and solvent free conditions. A new pathway was proposed based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level, where the carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties on the CMC were found to act synergistically with the halide ions to eventuate in the cycloaddition reaction. The carboxyl group entities on the carboxymethyl cellulose support supposedly stabilize the product complex via strong hydrogen bonds, thereby promoting the reaction. The catalyst system also displayed good reusability.
Imaging in neuroscience : a laboratory manual (2011)

As imaging technologies have revolutionized research in many areas of biology and medicine, neuroscientists have often pioneered the use of new visualization techniques. Imaging in Neuroscience: A Laboratory Manual provides the definitive collection of methods in use in this groundbreaking field. With more than 90 chapters, the manual offers a depth of coverage unavailable from any other source. Sections focus on imaging at the molecular level, axons and nerve terminals, spines and dendrites, neurons and circuits in vitro, neurons and circuits in vivo, glia, brain dynamics and behavior, and brain pathology. Protocols range from basic techniques to recent breakthroughs. Imaging in Neuroscience: A Laboratory Manual is an essential guide to discovering and implementing these techniques.
In Vitro Optimisation of a Microdialysis System With Potential for On-line Monitoring of Lactate and Glucose in Biological Samples (1997)

The optimisation and evaluation of the microdialysis component of a prototype miniaturised total analysis system for application in the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose is reported. The complete unit comprises a high efficiency microdialysis sampling system, a miniaturised microflow manifold with an integrated biosensor array, together with the hardware and software necessary for controlling the flow parameters and monitoring the sensor signals. Sampling occurs via a microdialysis shunt probe which is perfused continuously with a physiological buffered saline solution. The continuous dialysate outflow is presented to the biosensor array, resulting in the appropriate amperometric signals. Aspects of technological significance addressed here include probe membrane size, perfusate flow rate, sample flow rate, temperature change, probe sterilisation procedures, and heparin content of the physiological saline solution employed.
HER2 Heterogeneity Is Associated with Poor Survival in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (2018)

Intratumoral human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) heterogeneity has been reported in 16⁻36% of HER2-positive breast cancer and its clinical impact is under discussion. We examined the biological effects of HER2-heterogeneity on mouse models and analyzed metastatic brains by RNA sequence analysis. A metastatic mouse model was developed using 231-Luc (triple negative cells) and 2 HER2-positive cell lines, namely, HER2-60 and HER2-90 which showed heterogeneous and monotonous HER2 expressions, respectively. Metastatic lesions developed in 3 weeks in all the mice injected with HER2-60 cells, and in 69% of the mice injected with HER2-90 and 87.5% of the mice injected with 231-Luc. The median survival days of mice injected with 231-Luc, HER2-60, and HER2-90 cells were 29 (<i>n</i> = 24), 24 (<i>n</i> = 22) and 30 (<i>n</i> = 13) days, respectively. RNA sequence analysis showed that <i>CASP-1</i> and its related genes were significantly downregulated in metastatic brain tumors with HER2-60 cells. The low expression of caspase-1 could be a new prognostic biomarker for early relapse in HER2-positive breast cancer.
Alfabetização matemática de alunos bilíngues: enfoque na filosofia de Wittgenstein (2020)

Resumo: Este texto tem como objetivo definir estratégias pedagógicas de alfabetização matemática para alunos bilíngues nos anos iniciais no Haiti. Uma das principais referências em que se baseia este estudo é o filósofo Wittgenstein que, através de seu conceito de jogo de linguagem, tema relevante desenvolvido na sua segunda filosofia, nos fornece pistas essenciais que poderiam nos ajudar a estabelecer regras relativas ao ensino e aprendizagem da matemática em uma segunda língua. De acordo com os trabalhos dos autores como Machado (1990), Cagliari (2004), Rosa e Orey (2010), Danyluk (2015) sobre a temática, buscamos encontrar diretrizes para conciliar a linguagem matemática, a lingua materna (o crioulo) e a lingua francesa. Nesse sentido, levaremos em consideração a formação dos professores, a realidade linguística e cultural dos alunos, bem como o papel dos atores envolvidos neste processo, contribuindo assim para a melhoria do ensino da matemática numa segunda língua.Palavras-chave: Alfabetização matemática; Bilinguismo; Jogos de linguagem; Linguagem matemática. Mathematical literacy of bilingual students: a focus on the philosophy of WittgensteinAbstract: This text aims to define pedagogical strategies of mathematical literacy for bilingual students in the early years in Haiti. One of the main references on which this study is based is the philosopher Wittgenstein who, through his concept of language game, a relevant theme developed in his second philosophy, provides us with essential clues who could help us to establish rules for teaching and learning mathematics in a second language. According to the works of authors such as Machado (1990), Cagliari (2004), Rosa and Orey (2010), Danyluk (2015) on the theme, we seek to find guidelines to reconcile mathematical language, mother tongue (Creole) and the French language. In this sense, we will consider the teachers' formation, the linguistic and cultural reality of the students, as well as the role of the actors involved in this process, thus contributing to the improvement of mathematics teaching in a second language.Keywords: Mathematical literacy; Bilingualism; Language games; Mathematical language.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylthiolation of N‐Heteroarenes (2015)

A general and efficient methodology for the direct transition metal free trifluoromethylthiolation of a broad range of biologically relevant N-heteroarenes is reported employing abundant sodium chloride as the catalyst. This method is operationally simple, exhibits high functional group tolerance, and does not require protecting groups.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity in electrically conductive adhesives with single- and bimodal filler-size distributions containing Ag flakes and micro-particles (2010)

Adhesives containing Ag flakes and spherical micro-particles were prepared. The variations in their electrical and thermal conductivities with matrix chemistry and curing temperature were investigated. Due to the alignment of Ag flakes along the in-plane direction, the adhesives containing only Ag flakes provided maximum thermal conductivity in this direction. Introduction of Ag spherical micro-particles effectively improved the thermal conductivity in the vertical direction for the bi- and single-modal adhesives. The adhesives containing only micro-particles are expected to be most effective from the viewpoint of the number of interfaces. However, the filler size distributions that provide maximum thermal conductivity in the vertical direction alter depending on the matrix chemistry and curing temperature due to variation in the interfacial thermal resistance between fillers.
Increased Survival of Sickle-Cell Erythrocytes after Treatment <i>In Vitro</i> with Sodium Cyanate (1971)

Cyanate reacts with the amino-terminal valine residues of hemoglobin S and prevents the sickling in vitro of 50-80% of the erythrocytes from patients with sickle-cell disease. The purpose of the studies reported here was to determine whether this anti-sickling effect would increase the survival of cyanate-treated cells that were returned to the patient. In seven subjects with sickle-cell disease, the mean 50% survival of (51)Cr-labeled sickle erythrocytes was increased from 9.9 to 20.7 days (normal 25-35 days) after treatment of the cells in vitro with sodium cyanate. These results provide evidence that the antisickling effect of cyanate observed in vitro is retained in vivo, and strengthen the rationale for further investigation of cyanate as a possible therapeutic agent in sickle-cell disease.