gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitive and specific detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii with DNA primers and probes identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (1994)

The random amplified polymorphic DNA method was used to distinguish strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii from 21 other Xanthomonas species and/or pathovars. Among the 42 arbitrarily chosen primers evaluated, 3 were found to reveal diagnostic polymorphisms when purified DNAs from compared strains were amplified by the PCR. The three primers revealed DNA amplification patterns which were conserved among all 53 strains tested of X. campestris pv. pelargonii isolated from various locations worldwide. The distinctive X. compestris pv. pelargonii patterns were clearly different from those obtained with any of 46 other Xanthomonas strains tested. An amplified 1.2-kb DNA fragment, apparently unique to X. campestris pv. pelargonii by these random amplified polymorphic DNA tests, was cloned and evaluated as a diagnostic DNA probe. It hybridized with total DNA from all 53 X. campestris pv. pelargonii strains tested and not with any of the 46 other Xanthomonas strains tested. The DNA sequence of the terminal ends of this 1.2-kb fragment was obtained and used to design a pair of 18-mer oligonucleotide primers specific for X. campestris pv. pelargonii. The custom-synthesized primers amplified the same 1.2-kb DNA fragment from all 53 X. campestris pv. pelargonii strains tested and failed to amplify DNA from any of the 46 other Xanthomonas strains tested. DNA isolated from saprophytes associated with the geranium plant also did not produce amplified DNA with these primers. The sensitivity of the PCR assay using the custom-synthesized primers was between 10 and 50 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multicolor in situ hybridization and linkage analysis order Charcot-Marie-Tooth type I (CMTIA) gene-region markers. (1992)

This study demonstrates a clear and current role for multicolor in situ hybridization in expediting positional cloning studies of unknown disease genes. Nine polymorphic DNA cosmids have been mapped to eight ordered locations spanning the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 (CMT1A) disease gene region in distal band 17p11.2, by multicolor in situ hybridization. When used with linkage analysis, these methods have generated a fine physical map and have firmly assigned the CMT1A gene to distal band 17p11.2. Linkage analysis with four CMT1A pedigrees mapped the CMT1A gene with respect to two flanking markers (8B10-5 cM[LOD 5.2]-CMT1A-3.5 cM[LOD 5.3]-10E4). Additional loci were physically mapped and ordered by in situ hybridization and analysis of phase-known recombinants in CMT1A pedigrees. The order determined by multicolor in situ hybridization was 17cen-LEW301-8B10-5H5/6A9-VAW409- 5G7-6G1-4A11-VAW412-10E4-pter. Two ordered probes, 4A11 and 6G1, reside on the same 440-kb partial SfiI restriction fragment. These data demonstrate the ability of in situ hybridization to resolve loci within 0.5 Mb on early-metaphase chromosomes. Multicolor in situ hybridization also excluded the possibility of pericentric inversions in two unrelated patients with CMT1 and neurofibromatosis type 1. When used with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multicolor in situ hybridization can establish physical location, order, and distance in closely spaced chromosome loci.
Partial Fairness in Secure Two-Party Computation. (2008)

A seminal result of Cleve (STOC ’86) is that, in general, complete fairness is impossible to achieve in two-party computation. In light of this, various techniques for obtaining partial fairness have been suggested in the literature. We propose a definition of partial fairness within the standard real-/ideal-world paradigm that addresses deficiencies of prior definitions. also show broad feasibility results with respect to our definition: partial fairness is possible for any (randomized) functionality f: X × Y → Z 1 × Z 2 at least one of whose domains or ranges is polynomial in size. Our protocols are always private, and when one of the domains has polynomial size our protocols also simultaneously achieve the usual notion of security with abort. In contrast to some prior work, we rely on standard assumptions only. We also show that, as far as general feasibility is concerned, our results are optimal. Specifically, there exist functions with super-polynomial domains and ranges for which it is impossible to achieve our definition.
Carbon and metal nanotube hybrid structures on graphene as efficient electron field emitters (2016)

We report a facile and efficient method for the fabrication of highly-flexible field emission devices by forming tubular hybrid structures based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nickel nanotubes (Ni NTs) on graphene-based flexible substrates. By employing an infiltration process in anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates followed by Ni electrodeposition, we could fabricate CNT-wrapped Ni NT/graphene hybrid structures. During the electrodeposition process, the CNTs served as Ni nucleation sites, resulting in a large-area array of high aspect-ratio field emitters composed of CNT-wrapped Ni NT hybrid structures. As a proof of concepts, we demonstrate that high-quality flexible field emission devices can be simply fabricated using our method. Remarkably, our proto-type field emission devices exhibited a current density higher by two orders of magnitude compared to other devices fabricated by previous methods, while maintaining its structural integrity in various bending deformations. This novel fabrication strategy can be utilized in various applications such as optoelectronic devices, sensors and energy storage devices.
Antioxidant stoichiometry and the oxidative fate of vitamin E in peroxyl radical scavenging reactions (1995)

Oxidation of R,R,R-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E; TH) by peroxyl radicals generated from the azo initiator azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) in acetonitrile, hexane, or in phospholipid liposomes yields 8a-(alkyldioxy)tocopherone adducts, 8a-(hydroxy)tocopherone, and their hydrolysis product alpha-tocopherolquinone. TH oxidation also yields 4a,5-epoxy- and 7,8-epoxy-8a-(hydroperoxy)tocopherones and their respective hydrolysis products 2,3-epoxy-alpha-tocopherolquinone and 5,6-epoxy-alpha-tocopherolquinone. Previous work indicates that the distribution of TH oxidation products varies with reaction environment. We investigated the dependence of antioxidant stoichiometry on TH oxidation product distribution for reactions in hexane, acetonitrile, and in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Yields of 8a-substituted tocopherones were highest in hexane and lowest in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. In contrast, yields of epoxide products were highest in the liposome system and lowest in hexane. Yields of alpha-tocopherolquinone were similar in all three systems. Antioxidant stoichiometry, measured by the inhibited autoxidation method, was approximately 2.0 peroxyl radicals trapped per TH consumed in acetonitrile and in liposomes. In hexane, a slightly larger stoichiometric factor of approximately 2.5 was measured. This may, in part, reflect the generation of more reactive alkoxyl radicals in hexane. The reaction environment thus markedly affects the balance between competing TH oxidation pathways but produces comparatively little effect on antioxidant stoichiometry. These results imply that competing reaction pathways contribute similarly to the antioxidant chemistry of TH.
Theory of polarization spreading techniques-Part II (1994)

This paper, together with a companion one [l], constitute a thorough presentation and analysis of a series of techniques grouped under the denomination “Polarization Spreading,” the intent of which is that of making the performance of a coherent optical receiver insensitive to the polarization transformations occurring along the optical fiber, without resorting to polarization compensation or control. The principle on which Polarization Spreading operates is that of spreading the signal power over different states of polarization, so that heterodyning of at least half of the optical incident bit energy is always ensured. The main obtained results concern (presented in [l]) a condition that guarantees the maximum heterodyned signal energy, some classes of spreading waveforms satisfying the above condition, the derivation of the structure and performance of optimum receivers in Gaussian noise; and, presented in this paper, the analysis of a suboptimum but easily implementable receiver and a detailed comparative analysis of the spectral broadening induced by the different spreading techniques. The results encompass most of the binary optical coherent modulation schemes proposed and experimented, such as ASK, FSK and DPSK.
Spin-orbit interaction in a generic vortex field transmitted through an elliptic fiber (2000)

Any small external perturbation on an ideal round optical fiber induces cross section deformation and transforms eigen guided vortices into generic vortex fields, which can change their structure and angular momentum. It is the properties of these vortical fields in an elliptic weakly guiding optical fiber that we consider in this paper. The eigenfunctions and the spectrum of polarization corrections to the scalar propagation constant in the case of relatively large and small values of a fiber ellipticity are obtained by means of the spin-orbit interaction operator method. Discussed is the conversion process of a spin and orbit angular momenta on a vortex propagation along a deformed fiber.
H.264 Based Multiple Description Video Coding for Internet Streaming (2010)

Many problems have been identified in Internet applications such as slow network-access speed, frequent packet loss, etc. The constraints on bandwidth, excessive server downloading, instability of network performance and other factors may contribute to these problems. To seek the solutions to these problems in Internet, the author in this paper proposes the CDN (Content Delivery Network)-and-H.264 based multiple description (MD) coding method. Three MD coding schemes are presented and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed coding approaches can effectively be applied to video transmission over Internet.
Programming data parallel algorithms on distributed memory using Kali (1991)

Current languages for distributed memory machines tend to directly reflect the underlying hardware and thus provide little support for implementing data parallel algorithms. This paper describes a programming environment, Kali, which provides a global name space and allows direct access to remote data values. In order to retain efficiency, Kali provides a system of annotations allowing the user to control aspects of the program critical to performance, such as data distribution and load balancing. We present a series of examples showing how Kali can easily express data parallel algorithms. We also discuss some of the issues raised in translating such programs for execution on distributed memory systems and show performance results for well-known numerical algorithms written in Kali.
Tumour cell dispersion by the ultrasonic aspirator during brain tumour resection (1999)

Ultrasonic aspirators are commonly used to resect brain tumours because they allow safe, rapid and accurate removal of diseased tissue. Since ultrasonic aspirators generate a spray of aerosolized irrigating fluid around the instrument tip, we questioned whether this spray might contain viable tumours cells that could contribute to intraoperative spread of tumour fragments. To test this hypothesis, we collected the spray produced during the resection of nine brain tumours with an ultrasonic aspirator and semi-quantitatively analysed it for tumour presence. The aerosolized irrigation fluid was found to contain intact tumour cells or clumps of tumour cells in all nine instances, and there was a trend of increasing tumour cell dispersion with increasing ultrasonic aspiration times. Further examination is required to determine if this intraoperative dispersion of apparently viable tumour fragments contributes to local neoplasm recurrence.
Dynamic 3D-Vision (2002)

Dynamic 3D-machine-vision has been realised, but fast and precise 3D-acquisition requires urgent improvements. This paper describes proved and promising new ways to achieve fast and precise three-dimensional capture of spatial scenes, finally enabling the long awaited "3D-vision chips". In contrast to 3D-imaging, the well-known 2D-imaging procedure evaluates only intensity projections of a scene and loses the depth information of 3D-objects. Dynamic 3D-vision captures all 3D-surface points of the objects. Fast 3D-vision is one of the most challenging tasks, e.g. in automotive safety, in robot vision, in safety and surveillance. A simple solution has been found and investigated in the PMD-principle and the photonic mixer device (PMD), providing a range of powerful contributions to dynamic 3D-vision. To gain the depth information it applies time-of-flight (TOF) of reflected signals with respect to modulation interferometry. PMD combines both detection and the first step of signal processing like mixing or correlation within a 3D-pixel, providing grey level, pixel coordinates x and y, and TOF=2R/c. This paper illustrates different implementations of PMD-pixels as a basis for new 3D-cameras.
Gait-based person identification by spectral, cepstral and energy-related audio features (2013)

With this work, we address the problem of acoustic gait-based person identification, which is the task of identifying humans by the sounds they make while walking. We examine several acoustic features from speech processing tasks for their suitability for acoustic gait recognition. Using a wrapper-based feature selection technique, we reduce the feature set while at the same time increasing the identification accuracy by 10% (relative). For classification, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are employed. Experiments are conducted using the TUM GAID database, which is a large gait recognition database containing 3 050 recordings of 305 subjects in three variations.
Biophotolysis-based Hydrogen Production by Cyanobacteria and Green Microalgae (2007)

Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii, 1680 East-west Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Biological hydrogen evolution provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to produce clean energy from renewable resources. Cyanobacteria and green microalgae split water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight under special conditions. This mini review examines the technology status of direct and indirect biophotolysis for hydrogen production. Progress has been made in solving the intrinsic incompatibility of the simultaneous evolution of hydrogen and oxygen gas in photoautotrophic cells, particularly the adverse impact on the key hydrogen enzymes (hydrogenase and nitrogenase). Technical challenges for sustained hydrogen production are outlined.
Studies on the photodegradation of red, green and blue phosphorescent OLED emitters (2013)

The photodegradation behavior of four well-established iridium emitters was investigated. Irradiation of the samples in different solvents and under atmospheric as well as inert conditions helped to identify several pathways that can contribute to the deterioration of these compounds. Degradation via singlet oxygen or the excited states of the emitters as well as the detrimental influence of halogenated solvents are discussed for the different investigated iridium complexes. Some of the resulting degradation products could be identified by using LC-MS or other analytical techniques. The results show how even small structural changes can have a huge influence on rate and mechanism of the photodegradation. The observations from this study may help to better understand degradation processes occurring during the handling of the materials, but also during device processing and operation.
Chemical Bonding in Higher Main Group Elements (1984)

Abstract Many concepts used for a qualitative description of chemical bonding that originated in the early days of theoretical chemistry have been vindicated recently by quantum chemical calculations, at least as far as first row elements are concerned. However, many concepts that have been justified for first row elements (Li to Ne) cannot—contrary to widespread belief—be generalized to the higher main group elements. This applies particularly to the concept of hybridization, which should be viewed with considerable caution. The essential difference between the atoms of the first and higher rows is that the cores of the former contain only s‐AOs, whereas the cores of the latter include at least s‐ and p‐AOs. As a consequence, the s and p valence AOs of first row atoms are localized in roughly the same region of space, while the p valence AOs of higher row atoms are much more extended in space. This has the consequence that for the light main group elements both lone‐pair repulsion and isovalent hybridization play a greater role than for the heavy main group elements. Furthermore, this implies that single bonds between first row elements are weak and multiple bonds are strong, whereas for the second or higher row elements single bonds are strong and multiple bonds weak. The “extended valence” (violation of the octet rule) observed in compounds of higher main group elements has very little to do with the availability of d‐AOs but is due rather to the size of these atoms and thus to the reduced steric hindrance between ligands and, to a lesser extent, also to the lower electronegativity of the heavy atoms. A model based on the concept of electron‐rich multicenter bonds is certainly closer to reality than one involving hybrids with the participation of d‐AOs. The XO bonds in phosphane oxides, sulfoxides, oxo acids and related compounds are better formulated as semipolar rather than as true double bonds, even if they behave in some respects like double bonds.—The growing interest of theorists in compounds of higher main group elements parallels new and, in some instances, spectacular results of experimental research on the chemistry of these elements.
Superior color rendering with a phosphor‐converted blue‐cyan monolithic light‐emitting diode (2016)

Abstract The future generation of modern illumination should not only be cheap and highly efficient, but also demonstrate high quality of light, light which allows better color differentiation and fidelity. Here we are presenting a novel approach to create a white solid‐state light source providing ultimate color rendition necessary for a number of applications. The proposed semi‐hybrid device combines a monolithic blue‐cyan light emitting diode (MBC LED) with a green‐red phosphor mixture. It has shown a superior color rendering index (CRI), 98.6, at correlated color temperature of around 3400 K. The MBC LED epi‐structure did not suffer from the efficiency reduction typical for monolithic multi‐color emitters and was implemented in the two most popular chip designs: “epi‐up” and “flip‐chip”. Redistribution of the blue and cyan band amplitudes in the white‐light emission spectrum, using the operating current, is found to be an effective tool for fine tuning the color characteristics. image
Single-mode condition for silicon rib waveguides with large cross sections (2004)

The single-mode condition for silicon rib waveguides with large cross sections is obtained using a numerical method based on the finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM). An ultrawide computation window is used to contain the wide mode profile near cutoff. Comparison with previous results shows that the formula predicted by the mode-matching technique is in a better agreement with our results.
Principle and Process Window of Cerium Dioxide Thin Film Fabrication with Dual Plasma Deposition (2001)

Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generated by metal vacuum arc (MEVVA) and radio frequency (RF) is discussed in this paper. We have recently conducted a systematic investigation to determine the optimal process window to deposit CeO2 thin films on Si(100) substrates. The X-ray diffraction results show the existence of CeO2(100) in the as-deposited sample.
Effïcacy of biologically active agents as nontraditional nematicides for Meloidogyne javanica (1988)

Some 20 physiologically active agents including antibiotic and anthelminthic drugs, plant growth regulators and inhibitors, medicinal and natural plant extracts and antimetabolites have been tested as nematode control agents. The inhibitors were applied as soi1 drenches or as root-dips. As drenches, six inhibitors reduced a nematode population to less 15 than YO of controls; as root-dips five inhibitors reduced nematode population levels to less 15 than O/O of controls; only one inhibitor was common to both categories. Given the current climate, nematode control with available chemicals will be an increasing difficulty. There is great need to discover new modes of action different from the one now targeted with nonfumigant nematicides. This approach expanded more thoroughly in the future may in part help resolve the nematode control question. RESUME Eficacité d&apos;agents biologiquement actifs comme nématicides inhabituels contre Meloidogyne javanica. Quelque vingt agents biologiquement actifs comprenant des antibiotiques et des antihelminthiques, des régulateurs ou inhibiteurs de la croissance végétale, des extraits végétaux médicinaux et naturels et des antimétabolites ont été testés pour leur action contre les nématodes. Ces produits ont été appliqués soit en tranchées dans le sol, soit en trempage des racines. Dans le premier cas, six des produits ont réduit la population du nématode a moins de 15 YO du témoin; en trempage de racines, cinq produits réduisent la population de nématodes à moins de 15 O/O du témoin; un seul des produits était commun aux deux catégories. La conjoncture rendra de plus en plus difficile les traitements à l&apos;aide des nématicides chimiques actuels. Il est donc nécessaire de
PDAM: A Panoptic-Level Feature Alignment Framework for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Instance Segmentation in Microscopy Images (2020)

In this work, we present an unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) method, named Panoptic Domain Adaptive Mask R-CNN (PDAM), for unsupervised instance segmentation in microscopy images. Since there currently lack methods particularly for UDA instance segmentation, we first design a Domain Adaptive Mask R-CNN (DAM) as the baseline, with cross-domain feature alignment at the image and instance levels. In addition to the image- and instance-level domain discrepancy, there also exists domain bias at the semantic level in the contextual information. Next, we, therefore, design a semantic segmentation branch with a domain discriminator to bridge the domain gap at the contextual level. By integrating the semantic- and instance-level feature adaptation, our method aligns the cross-domain features at the panoptic level. Third, we propose a task re-weighting mechanism to assign trade-off weights for the detection and segmentation loss functions. The task re-weighting mechanism solves the domain bias issue by alleviating the task learning for some iterations when the features contain source-specific factors. Furthermore, we design a feature similarity maximization mechanism to facilitate instance-level feature adaptation from the perspective of representational learning. Different from the typical feature alignment methods, our feature similarity maximization mechanism separates the domain-invariant and domain-specific features by enlarging their feature distribution dependency. Experimental results on three UDA instance segmentation scenarios with five datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed PDAM method, which outperforms state-of-the-art UDA methods by a large margin.