gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-scale energy-efficient graph traversal: a path to efficient data-intensive supercomputing (2012)

Graph traversal is a widely used algorithm in a variety of fields, including social networks, business analytics, and high-performance computing among others. There has been a push for HPC machines to be rated not just in Petaflops, but also in (billions of traversed edges per second), and the Graph500 benchmark has been established for this purpose. Graph traversal on single nodes has been well studied and optimized on modern CPU architectures. However, current cluster implementations suffer from high latency data communication with large volumes of transfers across nodes, leading to inefficiency in performance and energy consumption. In this work, we show that we can overcome these constraints using a combination of efficient low-overhead data compression techniques to reduce transfer volumes along with latency-hiding techniques. Using an optimized single node graph traversal algorithm [1], our novel cluster optimizations result in over 6.6X performance improvements over state-of-the-art data transfer techniques, and almost an order of magnitude in energy savings. Our resulting implementation of the Graph500 benchmark achieves 115 GigaTEPS on a 320-node/5120 core Intel® Endeavor cluster with Intel® Xeon® processors E5-2670, which matches the second ranked result in the recent November 2011 Graph500 list [2] with about 5.6X fewer nodes. Our cluster optimizations only have a 1.8X overhead in overall performance from the performance of the optimized single-node implementation, and allows for near-linear scaling with number of nodes. Our algorithm on 1024 nodes on Intel® Xeon® processor X5670-based systems (with lower per-node performance) for a large multi-Terabyte graph attained 195 GigaTEPS in performance, proving the high scalability of our algorithm. Our per-node performance is the highest in the top 10 of the Nov 2011 Graph500 list.
<i>In vitro</i>biotransformation of flavonoids by rat liver microsomes (1998)

1. Sixteen naturally occurring flavonoids were investigated as substrates for cytochrome P450 in uninduced and Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver microsomes. Naringenin, hesperetin, chrysin, apigenin, tangeretin, kaempferol, galangin and tamarixetin were all metabolized extensively by induced rat liver microsomes but only to a minor extent by uninduced microsomes. No metabolites were detected from eriodictyol, taxifolin, luteolin, quercetin, myricetin, fisetin, morin or isorhamnetin. 2. The identity of the metabolites was elucidated using lc-ms and 1H-nmr, and was consistent with a general metabolic pathway leading to the corresponding 3',4'-dihydroxylated flavonoids either by hydroxylation or demethylation. Structural requirements for microsomal hydroxylation appeared to be a single or no hydroxy group on the B-ring of the flavan nucleus. The presence of two or more hydroxy groups on the B-ring seemed to prevent further hydroxylation. The results indicate that demethylation only occurs in the B-ring when the methoxy group is positioned at C4', and not at the C3'-position. 3. The CYP1A isozymes were found to be the main enzymes involved in flavonoid hydroxylation, whereas other cytochrome P450 isozymes seem to be involved in flavonoid demethylation.
Synthesis of partially coherent fields (1986)

It is proved that prescribed distributions of the cross-spectral density across a plane can be produced by starting from a primary source that is either spatially incoherent or spatially coherent. Possible synthesis schemes are outlined, and some difficulties generally encountered in the synthesis problem are discussed.
Expedited growth factor-mediated specification of human embryonic stem cells toward the hepatic lineage (2009)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the potential to be a promising source of liver cells, hepatocytes, for regenerative medicine given their unlimited proliferative and pluripotent differentiative capacity. However, the inefficient embryoid body process and limited understanding of molecular signals potentiating cell-specific differentiation plague the use of hESCs as a hepatic source. In this study, we describe an efficient growth factor-based process for directed differentiation of hESCs that bypasses embryoid body development. The system involves adherent hESC culture exposure to activin A treatment followed by incorporation of various growth factor combinations composed of dexamethasone, oncostatin M, hepatocyte growth factor, and Wnt3A. The hESC-derived hepatocyte-like cells resulting from optimal growth factor combinations exhibit characteristic hepatocyte morphology, express hepatocyte markers, and possess hepatospecific functional activity. The differentiated cultures express hepatic-related genes shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analysis revealed binucleated cells with coexpression of albumin/cytokeratin 18. Furthermore, the hESC-derived hepatocyte-like cells exhibit functional hepatic characteristics, such as indocyanine green uptake and release, albumin secretion, and inducible cytochrome P450 activity. This directed differentiation of adherent hESCs offers an efficient process to produce hepatocyte-like cells in vitro for hepatocyte differentiation studies and organotypic cultures for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Characterization of semiconductor-laser phase noise and estimation of bit-error rate performance with low-speed offline digital coherent receivers (2012)

We develop a systematic method for characterizing semiconductor-laser phase noise, using a low-speed offline digital coherent receiver. The field spectrum, the FM-noise spectrum, and the phase-error variance measured with such a receiver can completely describe phase-noise characteristics of lasers under test. The sampling rate of the digital coherent receiver should be much higher than the phase-fluctuation speed. However, 1 GS/s is large enough for most of the single-mode semiconductor lasers. In addition to such phase-noise characterization, interpolating the taken data at 1.25 GS/s to form a data stream at 10 GS/s, we can predict the bit-error rate (BER) performance of multi-level modulated optical signals at 10 Gsymbol/s. The BER degradation due to the phase noise is well explained by the result of the phase-noise measurements.
Bacterial endotoxin regulation of cytokine receptors on murine bone marrow cells: in vivo and in vitro study. (1994)

Bacterial endotoxin (LPS) modulation of CSF-1, granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, G-CSF, IL-1, TNF, and Kit Ligand receptors on murine bone marrow cells (BMC) in vivo and in vitro was investigated. In vivo LPS reduced the binding of hrIL-1 (> 90%), mrTNF (> 62%), mrGM-CSF (> 42%) and hrG-CSF (> 91%) to BMC within 2 h, but elevated IL-1 binding (> 8.4-fold) between 8 to 48 h. In vitro, LPS decreased G-CSF and IL-1 binding after 8 h yet increased TNF binding in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that in vivo, the LPS up-regulation of IL-1 binding to BMC was indirect. Because in vivo LPS elevated the levels of TNF, IL-6, GM-CSF, and glucocorticoids, we further examined GM-CSF and TNF modulation of cytokine receptors on BMC in vivo. In vivo, TNF decreased the binding of TNF (> 88%), G-CSF (> 89%), and IL-1 (> 73%) within 30 min, but increased IL-1 binding (> 4.8-fold) after 10 h. In contrast, in vitro TNF decreased IL-1 binding after 8 h, implying that in vivo TNF up-regulation of Il-1 binding to BMC was also due to an indirect mechanism. However, GM-CSF increased IL-1 binding to BMC both in vivo and in vitro after 8 h. Further studies showed that in vitro GM-CSF and dexamethasone synergistically increased IL-1 binding to BMC in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This synergistic modulation depended on synthesis of protein and mRNA, and was due to an increase in receptor number rather than an increase in receptor affinity. Because in vivo, LPS and LPS-induced cytokines (IL-1 and TNF) elicited the secretion of glucocorticoid and CSF activities, our results revealed a mechanism for LPS up-modulation of IL-1R on BMC in vivo.
<title>Speaker diarization system on the 2007 NIST rich transcription meeting recognition evaluation</title> (2007)

This paper presents a speaker diarization system developed at the Institute for Infocomm Research (I<sup>2</sup>R) for NIST Rich Transcription 2007 (RT-07) evaluation task. We describe in details our primary approaches for the speaker diarization on the Multiple Distant Microphones (MDM) conditions in conference room scenario. Our proposed system consists of six modules: 1). Least-mean squared (NLMS) adaptive filter for the speaker direction estimate via Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), 2). An initial speaker clustering via two-stage TDOA histogram distribution quantization approach, 3). Multiple microphone speaker data alignment via GCC-PHAT Time Delay Estimate (TDE) among all the distant microphone channel signals, 4). A speaker clustering algorithm based on GMM modeling approach, 5). Non-speech removal via speech/non-speech verification mechanism and, 6). Silence removal via "Double-Layer Windowing"(DLW) method. We achieves error rate of 31.02% on the 2006 Spring (RT-06s) MDM evaluation task and a competitive overall error rate of 15.32% for the NIST Rich Transcription 2007 (RT-07) MDM evaluation task.
Learning Deep Structured Models (2014)

* equal contribution Many problems in real-world applications in-volve predicting several random variables that are statistically related. Markov random fields (MRFs) are a great mathematical tool to encode such dependencies. The goal of this paper is to combine MRFs with deep learning to estimate complex representations while taking into ac-count the dependencies between the output ran-dom variables. Towards this goal, we propose a training algorithm that is able to learn structured models jointly with deep features that form the MRF potentials. Our approach is efficient as it blends learning and inference and makes use of GPU acceleration. We demonstrate the effective-ness of our algorithm in the tasks of predicting words from noisy images, as well as tagging of Flickr photographs. We show that joint learning of the deep features and the MRF parameters re-sults in significant performance gains. 1.
In-situ monitoring of the mechanical properties during the photopolymerization of acrylate resins using particle tracking microrheology (2008)

The fundamentals of the photopolymerization process are not well understood. As a result, issues affecting the cure speed and overall quality of the final product (shape, size, and surface finish) of photopolymerization impose significant limitations on applications that require fast processing and high spatial resolution. \nTo address this issue, microrheology was employed to perform in-situ monitoring of the liquid-to-gel transition during free-radical photopolymerization. Photosensitive acrylate and hydrogel resins were exposed to ultraviolet light, while the Brownian motion of micrometer sized, inert fluorescent tracer particles was tracked via optical videomicroscopy. Statistical analysis of particle motion yielded the rheological properties of the embedding medium as a function of time and location, thereby relating UV exposure to the progress of polymerization and gelation. \nThe microrheological setup enabled a detailed study of three-dimensional gelation profiles; other experimental parameters that were initially varied include photoinitiator concentration, monomer composition, and light intensity. Significant changes in gelation time were observed with varying UV intensity and UV penetration depth into the sample. In addition, oxygen inhibition was found to significantly impact the cure speed of monomeric resins. The preliminary results were used to test the accuracy of the energy threshold model, which is often used to empirically predict the outcome of photopolymerization reactions.\nBy using lithographic masks to generate well-defined UV illumination patterns with characteristic dimensions of tens of micrometers, it could be shown unambiguously that the diffusion of oxygen, an inhibitor, plays a critical role in the polymerization reaction. The experiments are in excellent agreement with a simple two-step model of oxygen consumption followed by polymerization.\nThe use of high-speed electronic shutters in the UV light path enabled us to control the illumination time of the samples with high precision. Microrheological analysis could be used to reconstruct three-dimensional profiles of partially polymerized samples. Traditional photorheometry is not capable of resolving the evolution of sample rheology with such spatial resolution. In addition, experiments with pulsed illumination were used to quantify the role of dark reactions due to residual free radicals after termination of UV illumination.
Influence of the Fibroblast Environment on the Structure of Mast Cell Proteoglycans (1989)

The structure of the proteoglycan synthesized by rodent mast cells has been a useful biochemical marker of mast cell subpopulations, since mucosal mast cells synthesize predominantly oversulfated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and connective tissue mast cells synthesize heparin proteoglycan. Mast cells are intimately associated with fibroblasts in tissues and fibroblasts maintain the connective tissue type mast cell ex vivo. Whereas mouse IL-3-dependent, immature mast cells synthesize predominantly chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan, after coculture with fibroblasts, the proliferating mast cells (cloned or uncloned) synthesize heparin proteoglycans, as well as change their phenotype to resemble connective tissue mast cells. Although there is a single peptide core for both heparin and chondroitin sulfate secretory granule proteoglycans, the relative predominance of a specific glycosaminoglycan is determined by the microenvironment in which the cell resides. This microenvironment can regulate the phenotypic properties of mast cells including the expression of their cationic constituents such as neutral proteases and the structure of their anionic proteoglycans.
Forecasting car rental demand based temporal and spatial travel patterns (2017)

Recent years, shared mobility services have gained momentum across the world. Meanwhile, rental car industry has seen great developments in China and has reached a scale of economy. Knowing the rental behavior pattern and forecasting the demand become more important for rental businesses. To this end, in this paper, we aim to analyze the rental mobility pattern by examining multiple factors in a holistic manner. A special goal is to predict the demand of a given region. Specifically, we first analyze regular mobility based on real trips of rental cars. Then, we extract key features from multiple types of rental-related data, such as rental behavior profiles and geo-social information of regions. Next, based on these features, we develop a multi-task learning based regression approach for predicting rental cars' demand. This approach can effectively learn not only fundamental features but also relationships between regions by considering multiple factors. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on real-world rental trip data collected in Beijing. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for forecasting rental demand in the real world.
<title>Optical design with inhomogeneous glass: the future is here</title> (1997)

For many years optical designers have been intuitively aware of the value and potential that an inhomogeneous refractive index distribution can bring to the manufacture of precision optical instruments. Even so, designers have been cautious when considering lens designs with inhomogeneous glass, partly because of design difficulties, but mostly because of the need for controlled and reliable materials. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of graded index lenses by addressing the index control requirements that are needed for a diffraction limited lens. We chose for our analysis a rather stressing case: an F/1.5 plano-convex singlet. A general analytic expression for the index of refraction is developed for a perfect axial gradient lens (single color, on axis). Index errors were then added to the perfect index and the lens evaluated for wavefront quality. We found that index errors on the order of 1.6x10-3 rms produced aberrations of 0.04 waves rms, which is within the bounds of a diffraction limited lens. LightPath now routinely fabricates glass with much less index variation, making feasible the fabrication of repeatable diffraction limited lenses with inhomogeneous glass.
정보화근로사업으로 인한 관련산업의 고용유발효과 분석 : 산업연관분석 (Input-Output Analysis)기법의 적용 (2002)

본 연구는 정보화근로사업으로 인한 관련산업의 고용유발효과가 어느 정도인가를 알아보기 위해 산업연관분석(I/O) 기법을 적용하여 그 효과를 추정하였다. 이를 위해 1998년부터 2000년까지 한국전산원에 정보화근로사업 예산지출내역서를 보고한 7개 중앙행정기관(행정자치부. 외교통상부, 건설교통부, 보건복지부. 법제처, 대검찰청, 기상청)을 대상으로 하였으며, 정확한 추정을 위해 한국은행에서 1998년을 기준으로 작성하여 2001년 7월에 발간한 산업연관표(인장표)를 이용하였다. 산업연관분석을 위해 먼저 정보화근로사업의 예산지출내역을 정보화기반조성 예산지출부분과 인건비 지출부분으로 구분한 다음 각 부문별 예산지출내역을 산업연관표의 분류기준에 맞추어 재분류하였다. 또한 산업연관분석에 필요한 산업부문별 생산유발계수와 고용유발계수를 도출하였다. 분석결과, 정보화기반조성 예산지출로 인해 45,999명의 고용유발효과가 있었으며. 인건비 예산지출로 인해 2,020명의 고용유발효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 전체적으로 정보화근로사업으로 1998년부터 2000년까지 약 307억원의 예산지출을 통해 약 48.019명의 고용유발효과가 관련산업에서 발생한 것으로 추정되었다.
IGR J17445-2747: Updated Swift position (2017)

Utilizing data from the Swift observation of IGR J17445-2747 taken at 17:48UT on April 14th, 2017 (note these are the same data reported on in ATEL #10272), we calculated an updated position for the Swift XRT counterpart of IGR J17445-2747 reported by Heinke et al. (ATEL #10265).
Minutes of the Opening Session: Preliminary Business Meeting and Final Business Meeting: New Orleans Meeting-Entomological Society of America (1966)

Journal Article Minutes of the Opening Session: Preliminary Business Meeting and Final Business Meeting: New Orleans Meeting–Entomological Society of America Get access R. H. Nelson R. H. Nelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 12, Issue 1, 15 March 1966, Pages 55–60, https://doi.org/10.1093/besa/12.1.55 Published: 15 March 1966
Fas Induces Cytoplasmic Apoptotic Responses and Activation of the MKK7-JNK/SAPK and MKK6-p38 Pathways Independent of CPP32-like Proteases (1997)

IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) family cysteine proteases are subdivided into three groups; ICE-, CPP32-, and Ich-1-like proteases. In Fas-induced apoptosis, activation of ICE-like proteases is followed by activation of CPP32-like proteases which is thought to be essential for execution of the cell death. It was recently reported that two subfamily members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily, JNK/SAPK and p38, are activated during Fas-induced apoptosis. Here, we have shown that MKK7, but not SEK1/ MKK4, is activated by Fas as an activator for JNK/ SAPK and that MKK6 is a major activator for p38 in Fas signaling. Then, to dissect various cellular responses induced by Fas, we used several peptide inhibitors for ICE family proteases in Fas-treated Jurkat cells and KB cells. While Z-VAD-FK which inhibited almost all the Fas-induced cellular responses blocked the activation of JNK/SAPK and p38, Ac-DEVD-CHO and Z-DEVD-FK, specific inhibitors for CPP32-like proteases, which inhibited the Fas-induced chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation did not block the activation of JNK/SAPK and p38. Interestingly, these DEVD-type inhibitors did not block the Fas-induced morphological changes (cell shrinkage and surface blebbing), induction of Apo2.7 antigen, or the cell death (as assessed by the dye exclusion ability). These results suggest that the Fas-induced activation of the JNK/SAPK and p38 signaling pathways does not require CPP32-like proteases and that CPP32-like proteases, although essential for apoptotic nuclear events (such as chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation), are not required for other apoptotic events in the cytoplasm or the cell death itself. Thus, the Fas signaling pathway diverges into multiple, separate processes, each of which may be responsible for part of the apoptotic cellular responses.
Pharmaceutical Design and Development. A Molecular Biology Approach Edited by T. V. Ramabhadran (Neurogen Corp.). Ellis Horwood:  New Jersey. 1994. viii + 337 pp. ISBN 0-13-553884-X. (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTPharmaceutical Design and Development. A Molecular Biology Approach Edited by T. V. Ramabhadran (Neurogen Corp.). Ellis Horwood: New Jersey. 1994. viii + 337 pp. ISBN 0-13-553884-X.Donald HupeView Author Information Parke-Davis/Warner-Lambert CompanyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4, 11Publication Date (Web):January 31, 1996Publication History Published online31 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja955257phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja955257pbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biology,Pharmaceuticals,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
The Grizzly, March 2, 2006 (2006)

Dr. Edwards Presents Baden Lecture • Student Activism at Ursinus College: Can You Hear Us Now? WeCAN! • Drag Show at Ursinus Anything but a Drag • Circumcision Decision • Stereotypes and Self-Interest: Part Two • Living Off Campus More Trouble Than its Worth? • Brief Conversation with Of Montreal's Kevin Barnes • Opinions: Reimert, a Place to Call Home; The Revolution Will be Printed; Tuition to Increase by $8,492 Next Year • Bears Sweep Eastern in Double Header
Structural and Chemical Investigations of Adapted Siemens Feed Rods for an Optimized Float Zone Process (2013)

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