gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and HPLC‐purification of [<sup>77</sup>Br]TMC125‐R165335 (etravirine), a new anti‐HIV drug of the DAPY‐NNRTI class (2006)

Abstract [ 77 Br]TMC125‐R165335 (etravirine) was synthesized for imaging studies by SPECT. Labelling was performed with bromine‐77 by electrophilic substitution of the desbromo‐precursor 4‐{6‐amino‐2‐[(4‐cyanophenyl)amino]pyrimidin‐4‐yloxy}‐3,5‐dimethylbenzenecarbonitrile using carrier‐free 77 Br − and chloramine‐T (CAT) as oxidizing agent. The reaction proceeded in 10 min at room temperature in aqueous DMSO as solvent. Purification was performed by HPLC, giving a chemically and radiochemically pure [ 77 Br]TMC125‐R165335 (etravirine) in aqueous ethanol. A final radiolabelling yield of 50% is obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EXPERIMENTAL SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHAOS USING CONTINUOUS CONTROL (1994)

We show experimentally that two identical chaotic Chua’s circuits can be synchronized by applying the method of continuous chaos control. The presented method is especially useful for higher-dimensional systems.
Indexing mixed types for approximate retrieval (2005)

In various applications such as data cleansing, being able to retrieve categorical or numerical attributes based on notions of approximate match (e.g., edit distance, numerical distance) is of profound importance. Commonly, approximate match predicates are specified on combinations of attributes in conjunction. Existing database techniques for approximate retrieval, however, limit their applicability to single attribute retrieval through B-trees and their variants. In this paper, we propose a methodology that utilizes known multidimensional indexing structures for the problem of approximate multi-attribute retrieval. Our method enables indexing of a collection of string and/or numeric attributes to facilitate approximate retrieval using edit distance as an approximate match predicate for strings and numeric distance for numeric attributes. The approach presented is based on representing sets of strings at higher levels of the index structure as tries suitably compressed in a way that reasoning about edit distance between a query string and a compressed trie at index nodes is still feasible. We propose and evaluate various techniques to generate the compressed trie representation and fully specify our indexing methodology. Our experimental results show the benefits of our proposal when compared with various alternate strategies for the same problem.
Processing of mammographic films: technical and clinical considerations. (1989)

Sensitometrically exposed film strips and clinical mammograms from single-emulsion Kodak Ortho M SO-177 and double-emulsion Kodak T-Mat M II films were processed in separate film processors set up for standard and extended-cycle processing. For the extended-cycle method, it is necessary to use a process that is dedicated to mammographic films only. Radiation dose reductions of approximately 30% for Ortho M film and 13% for T-Mat M II film were achieved with the extended-cycle process. In the mammogram comparisons, higher-contrast images were obtained with Ortho M film in the extended-cycle process, which allowed for improved demonstration of marginal structural characteristics of soft-tissue masses and better differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. No significant differences in contrast were observed in the T-Mat M II mammograms obtained with the extended-cycle process.
Characterization of bovine <i>κ</i>-casein fractions and the kinetics of chymosin-induced macropeptide release from carbohydrate-free and carbohydrate-containing fractions determined by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (1986)

Bovine kappa-casein was fractionated at pH 8.0 on DEAE-Sepharose with an NaCl gradient, followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography using a decreasing pH gradient from pH 6.0 to 4.5. At least ten components could be identified, each differing in N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) and/or phosphorus content. Two components appeared to be multiply-phosphorylated, but did not contain NeuAc. The possible significance of this finding in relation to the mode of phosphorylation and glycosylation in vivo is discussed. A carbohydrate-free fraction as well as two NeuAc-containing fractions were compared in their substrate behaviour towards the action of the milk-clotting enzyme chymosin at pH 6.6 and 30 degrees C. To this end the trichloroacetic acid-soluble reaction products were analysed by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography. In order of increasing carbohydrate content the kcat. values found ranged from 40 to 25 s-1 and the Km values from 9 to 3 microM; the overall substrate properties of these components as reflected by the kinetic parameter kcat./Km ranged from 5 to 8 microM-1 X S-1. Irreversible polymerization of the carbohydrate-free fraction brought about a more-than-2-fold increase in Km, the kcat. value remaining virtually constant. The kcat./Km found for the cleavage of whole kappa-casein at pH 6.6 was of the same magnitude as the kcat./Km found for the polymerized carbohydrate-free fraction (i.e. about 3 microM-1 X S-1). No indication of substrate inhibition was found for the carbohydrate-free fraction.
Surface-emitting GaAs light-emitting diode/laser diode with modified coaxial transverse junction (CTJ) structure (1988)

A novel surface-emitting light-emitting diode (LED)/laser diode (LD) with a coaxial transverse junction (CTJ) structure is demonstrated by modified structures of the well and hole types with improved thermal properties. A narrow emission pattern for the LED was realised due to the CTJ structure and preliminary results for laser operation were also obtained at low temperatures.
De los aspectos sustantivos y procesales entre los delitos sobre el patrimonio histórico (2018)

espanolEl presente trabajo pretende abordar los aspectos sustantivos y procesales que relacionan entre si los delitos sobre el Patrimonio Historico comprendidos en los articulos 321, 323 y 324 del Codigo Penal, a raiz tanto de la ultima modificacion operada en los mismos por la Ley Organica 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, de reforma del Codigo Penal, como de las ultimas y determinantes resoluciones jurisprudenciales dictadas sobre la materia. De manera que han merecido nuestra atencion, desde el punto de vista sustantivo, cuestiones como el tratamiento normativo y jurisprudencial de varios elementos objetivos y subjetivos del tipo; conceptos tales como el de “edificio”, “alteracion grave”, “bienes singularmente protegidos” o “Bienes de Interes Cultural” (BIC), el caracter doloso o imprudente de la conducta tipica, etc. Por otra parte, el presente trabajo, a raiz de la ultima y mas determinante jurisprudencia de la materia, ha pretendido exponer la relacion existente entre los tipos penales de los articulos 321 y 323 del codigo punitivo desde una perspectiva netamente procesal, en concreto, aquella que considera que ambos preceptos, y las conductas que ellos abarcan, serian homogeneas entre si, no afectandose, en su caso, al principio acusatorio de llevarse a termino una modificacion de la calificacion juridica en el propio Juicio Oral tras la practica de la prueba pertinentemente admitida. EnglishThis paper aims to address the substantive and procedural aspects that relate to each other the Historical Heritage crimes included in articles 321, 323 and 324 of the Criminal Code, as a result of the last modification made in them by the Organic Law 1 / 2015, of 30 March, on the reform of the Criminal Code, as well as on the last and decisive jurisprudential resolutions issued on the matter. Thus, issues such as the normative and jurisprudential treatment of several objective and subjective elements of the type have deserved our attention, from the substantive point of view; concepts such as building, serious alteration, singularly protected property or Cultural Interest Property (BIC), the intentional or reckless character of the typical conduct, etc. On the other hand, the present work, as a result of the last and most decisive jurisprudence of the matter, has tried to expose the existing relationship between the criminal types of articles 321 and 323 of the punitive code from a purely procedural perspective, in particular, that that it considers that both precepts, and the behaviors they encompass, would be homogeneous with each other, not affecting, as the case may be, the accusatory principle of carrying out a modification of the legal qualification in the Oral Trial itself after the relevant test admitted.
Prolidase as a prodrug converting enzyme. III. Synthesis of proline analogues of melphalan and theirs susceptibility to the action of prolidase. (1999)

The feasibility to targeting prolidase as an antineoplastic prodrug-converting enzyme has been examined. The synthesis of proline analogues of melphalan (well known antineoplastic agent) conjugated through imido-bond (potential target for prolidase action) has been performed. One of the compounds, N-[[[[(S)-carboxy]pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl]methyl]-4-[bis(2-chloro ethyl) amino]-2-phenylalanine, was found as very good prolidase substrate with susceptibility over 2 fold higher compared to standard, endogenous its substrate--Gly-L-Pro. It suggests that targeting of prolidase as a proline analogue of melphalan-converting enzyme may serve as a novel strategy in therapy of neoplastic diseases.
Lens Once Deemed Impossible Now Rules the Waves (2004)

For centuries, microscopes, eyeglasses, and magnifying glasses have slammed into a built-in limitation: No matter how good their lenses, the laws of optics dictate that details smaller than a wavelength of light are irretrievably lost. Undaunted, physicists have built a radically different breed of lens with the potential for perfect resolution. “It smashed the barrier; it crashed through the glass ceiling,” says John Pendry, a physicist at Imperial College London.
Double-modulation electro-optic sampling for pump-and-probe ultrafast correlation measurements (1998)

We describe a novel electro-optic double-modulation (DM) sampling technique for ultrafast transient spectroscopy, which is characterized by a superior signal-to-noise ratio compared to that of a regular single-modulation technique. DM is achieved by a combined effect of a radio-frequency modulation, which eliminates most of the low-frequency noise, and an audio-frequency modulation, which makes use of a high-performance, low-frequency lock-in amplifier. The DM sensitivity is comparable to that of the more sophisticated schemes involving electrical mixing and the A–B noise reduction method. We show that the DM technique offers superior performance in two-beam transient pump-and-probe correlation measurements compared to the regular single frequency modulation technique and is an ideal scheme for three-beam picosecond correlation measurements.
Structural requirements for enhancement of T-cell responsiveness by the lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase p56lck. (1992)

To understand the mechanism(s) by which p56lck participates in T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling, we have examined the effects of mutations in known regulatory domains of p56lck on the ability of F505 p56lck to enhance the responsiveness of an antigen-specific murine T-cell hybridoma. A mutation of the amino-terminal site of myristylation (glycine 2), which prevents stable association of p56lck with the plasma membrane, completely abolished the ability of F505 p56lck to enhance TCR-induced tyrosine protein phosphorylation. Alteration of the major site of in vitro autophosphorylation, tyrosine 394, to phenylalanine diminished the enhancement of TCR-induced tyrosine protein phosphorylation by F505 p56lck. Such a finding is consistent with the previous demonstration that this site is required for full activation of p56lck by mutation of tyrosine 505. Strikingly, deletion of the noncatalytic Src homology domain 2, but not of the Src homology domain 3, markedly reduced the improvement of TCR-induced tyrosine protein phosphorylation by F505 Lck. Additional studies revealed that all the mutations tested, including deletion of the Src homology 3 region, abrogated the enhancement of antigen-triggered interleukin-2 production by F505 p56lck, thus implying more stringent requirements for augmentation of antigen responsiveness by F505 Lck. Finally, it was also observed that expression of F505 p56lck greatly increased TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1, raising the possibility that phospholipase C-gamma 1 may be a substrate for p56lck in T lymphocytes. Our results indicate that p56lck regulates T-cell antigen receptor signalling through a complex process requiring multiple distinct structural domains of the protein.
Polypeptide-Polysaccharide Conjugates Produced by Spontaneous Non-Enzymatic Glycation (1998)

A fundamental dogma has developed over the past 20 years that non-enzymatic glycation involving saccharide chains of greater than 3 to 4 residues is an extremely unlikely reaction. Our investigations using glycosaminoglycans have shown that, given sufficient time, polypeptide-polysaccharide conjugates form via the Schiff base-Amadori rearrangement mechanism. Further, even though these straight chain polysaccharides are relatively charged and sterically hindered, spontaneous glycation can also occur in vivo. A complete reinvestigation of all aldose terminating polysaccharides is required to elucidate this new class of macromolecules, which is likely to contain unusual polypeptide-polysaccharide combinations and functions.
Biodegradation of Nitro-Substituted Explosives 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine, and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5-Tetrazocine by a Phytosymbiotic <i>Methylobacterium</i> sp. Associated with Poplar Tissues ( <i>Populus deltoides</i> × <i>nigra</i> DN34) (2004)

A pink-pigmented symbiotic bacterium was isolated from hybrid poplar tissues (Populus deltoides x nigra DN34). The bacterium was identified by 16S and 16S-23S intergenic spacer ribosomal DNA analysis as a Methylobacterium sp. (strain BJ001). The isolated bacterium was able to use methanol as the sole source of carbon and energy, which is a specific attribute of the genus Methylobacterium. The bacterium in pure culture was shown to degrade the toxic explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazene (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocine (HMX). [U-ring-(14)C]TNT (25 mg liter(-1)) was fully transformed in less than 10 days. Metabolites included the reduction derivatives amino-dinitrotoluenes and diamino-nitrotoluenes. No significant release of (14)CO(2) was recorded from [(14)C]TNT. In addition, the isolated methylotroph was shown to transform [U-(14)C]RDX (20 mg liter(-1)) and [U-(14)C]HMX (2.5 mg liter(-1)) in less than 40 days. After 55 days of incubation, 58.0% of initial [(14)C]RDX and 61.4% of initial [(14)C]HMX were mineralized into (14)CO(2). The radioactivity remaining in solution accounted for 12.8 and 12.7% of initial [(14)C]RDX and [(14)C]HMX, respectively. Metabolites detected from RDX transformation included a mononitroso RDX derivative and a polar compound tentatively identified as methylenedinitramine. Since members of the genus Methylobacterium are distributed in a wide diversity of natural environments and are very often associated with plants, Methylobacterium sp. strain BJ001 may be involved in natural attenuation or in situ biodegradation (including phytoremediation) of explosive-contaminated sites.
Inhibition of Biological Activity of Mouse β-Nerve Growth Factor by Monoclonal Antibody (1980)

A continuous hybrid cell line was derived that secretes monoclonal antibody capable of inhibiting the biological activity of mouse beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF). Results obtained with monovalent fragments indicate that the monoclonal antibody inhibits activity by interfering with the direct interaction between beta-NGF and the cell membrane receptor rather than by precipitating the dimeric form of beta-NGF. This monoclonal antibody binds to an antigenic determinant common to mouse beta-NGF, snake venom (Naja naja) beta-NGF, and human beta-NGF. These antibodies should provide specific molecular probes for a variety of studies of nerve growth factor including its tissue distribution and mechanism of action.
Terrain Synthesis from Digital Elevation Models (2007)

In this paper, we present an example-based system for terrain synthesis. In our approach, patches from a sample terrain (represented by a height field) are used to generate a new terrain. The synthesis is guided by a user-sketched feature map that specifies where terrain features occur in the resulting synthetic terrain. Our system emphasizes large-scale curvilinear features (ridges and valleys) because such features are the dominant visual elements in most terrains. Both the example height field and user's sketch map are analyzed using a technique from the field of geomorphology. The system finds patches from the example data that match the features found in the user's sketch. Patches are joined together using graph cuts and Poisson editing. The order in which patches are placed in the synthesized terrain is determined by breadth-first traversal of a feature tree and this generates improved results over standard raster-scan placement orders. Our technique supports user-controlled terrain synthesis in a wide variety of styles, based upon the visual richness of real-world terrain data.
Infections with<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i>and<i>Ehrlichia ewingii</i>in Persons Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (2001)

The clinical course and laboratory evaluation of 21 patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii are reviewed and summarized, including 13 cases of ehrlichiosis caused by E. chaffeensis, 4 caused by E. ewingii, and 4 caused by either E. chaffeensis or E. ewingii. Twenty patients were male, and the median CD4(+) T lymphocyte count was 137 cells/microL. Exposures to infecting ticks were linked to recreational pursuits, occupations, and peridomestic activities. For 8 patients, a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis was not considered until > or =4 days after presentation. Severe manifestations occurred more frequently among patients infected with E. chaffeensis than they did among patients infected with E. ewingii, and all 6 deaths were caused by E. chaffeensis. Ehrlichiosis may be a life-threatening illness in HIV-infected persons, and the influence of multiple factors, including recent changes in the epidemiology and medical management of HIV infection, may increase the frequency with which ehrlichioses occur in this patient cohort.
Newly Synthesized Water Soluble Cholinium-Purpurin Photosensitizers and Their Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles as Promising Anticancer Agents (2008)

For possible future use in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and/or Photothermal Therapy (PTT) of cancer and screening of cancer cells a new type of ionic liquid photosensitizer -Cholinium-Purpurin-18 (Chol-Pu-18) - was synthesized and small gold (Au) nanoparticles, stabilized by this photosensitizer were prepared without adding any particular reducing agents and CTAB. UV-Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used for characterization of the nanoparticles and FAB-MS and NMR of the ionic liquid choline hydroxide, purpurin carboxylate and their ionic liquid type of photosensitizer were obtained.
Copyright labeling of printed images (2002)

The method of digital watermarking is a labeling technique for digital images which embeds a code into the digital data so the data are marked. Watermarking techniques previously developed deal with on-line digital data. These techniques were developed to withstand digital attacks such as image processing, image compression and geometric transformations. However, one must also consider the readily available attack of printing and scanning. The available watermarking techniques are not reliable under printing and scanning. In fact, one must consider the availability of watermarks for printed images as well as for digital images. An important issue is to intercept and prevent forgery in printed material such as currency notes, bank checks etc and to track and validate sensitive and secret printed material. In this work we propose a method of embedding watermarks in printed images by inherently, taking advantage of the printing process. The method is visually unobtrusive to the printed image, the watermark is easily extracted and is robust under reconstruction errors. The decoding algorithm is automatic following scanning of the image.
Microalloying with Titanium to Improve Drawability in Low Carbon Wire-Rod Steels (1998)

The effect of nitrogen and titanium on the phase transformations of low carbon manganese silicon steels was assessed using deformation dilatometry. The role of nitrogen in the formation of the martensite/retained austenite microconstituent is discussed. Three alloys of constant base composition were prepared; one without added titanium, and the others with 0.018 wt% and 0.043 wt% Ti. Samples were heated to 900°C, deformed, and then cooled at rates of 0.2, 1.2, 3.5 and 5.2°C/s. The effect of titanium and nitrogen on microstructural evolution was assessed using optical microscopy. Microstructural changes in the titanium-added steels were investigated, particularly any changes in the development of the martensite/retained austenite microconstituent and/or pearlite phase, and the effects of these on ductility. Torsion testing was used in an attempt to deconvolute the factors which limit the cold drawability of the steels investigated.
Experimental Asymptotic Analysis of Expansion of Concrete Exposed to Sulfate Attack (2008)

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