gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus in Liquid Cytology Cervical Specimens by the PGMY Line Blot Assay and the SPF <sub>10</sub> Line Probe Assay (2002)

A comparison of two PCR-based human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection and genotyping systems (PGMY LBA and SPF(10) LiPA) was conducted in two laboratories. Both systems are based on broad-spectrum PCR for the detection of HPV DNA, followed by reverse hybridization with type-specific probes. A total of 400 selected cervical scrape specimens in PreservCyt solution (55% normal cytology, 18% atypical squamous cells of unknown significance, 14.8% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [SIL], and 12.5% high-grade SIL) were tested for the presence of HPV DNA. In this selected group of specimens, the overall agreement between the two methods for the detection of any HPV DNA was high (kappa = 0.859). When the 20 common HPV genotypes identified by both methods were considered (HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68), compatible genotype-specific results were observed in 96.5% of the samples, even when multiple HPV genotypes were present. However, for some specific HPV genotypes, there were significant differences in HPV detection by the two methods. PGMY LBA detected more HPV type 42 (P = 0.002), HPV type 56 (P = 0.039), and HPV type 59 (P < 0.001), whereas SPF(10) LiPA detected more HPV type 31 (P < 0.001) and HPV type 52 (P = 0.031). For the remaining genotypes, including HPV types 16 and 18, the results obtained by the two methods were not significantly different. In general, both genotyping methods are highly suitable for clinical and epidemiological studies.
Interactions of dendritic cells with fibronectin and endothelial cells (1998)

We studied the phenotypic characteristics of spontaneously migrated skin dendritic cells (sDC) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC), generated under different culture conditions, and their interactions with fibronectin (FN) and endothelial cells. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were obtained after culturing monocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (800 U/ml) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (500 U/ml) with either 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 10% allogeneic human serum (HS). Regardless of the type of serum used, the majority of moDC expressed human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD86. On day 5 of incubation, 20-67% of moDC cultured in the presence of HS (HS-moDC) expressed CD1a, b and c versus 94-97% when cultured in the presence of FBS (FBS-moDC). DC showed a differential gradient of adhesion to FN: FBS-moDC>HS-moDC>sDC approximately monocytes. Both FBS-moDC and HS-moDC were strongly positive for CD49e (alpha5-integrin) and CD29 (beta1-integrin) but negative for CD49d (alpha4-integrin). A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD49e blocked the adhesion of both types of moDC to FN. Although both FBS-moDC and HS-moDC attached to endothelium (a 76% and 63% increase, respectively), only HS-moDC were able to migrate through non-activated endothelium. Overall, these results suggest that spontaneously migrated sDC are less adherent to FN than moDC, that HS and FBS induce differences in CD1 expression, that HS-moDC are less adhesive to FN and endothelial cells but more motile than FBS-moDC, and that alpha5beta1-integrin is the molecule involved in moDC adhesion to FN.
Compact Descriptors for Video Analysis: the Emerging MPEG Standard (2017)

This paper provides an overview of the on-going compact descriptors for video analysis standard (CDVA) from the ISO/IEC moving pictures experts group (MPEG). MPEG-CDVA targets at defining a standardized bitstream syntax to enable interoperability in the context of video analysis applications. During the developments of MPEGCDVA, a series of techniques aiming to reduce the descriptor size and improve the video representation ability have been proposed. This article describes the new standard that is being developed and reports the performance of these key technical contributions.
EPG as crystallization core for free-TV and new markets (1998)

With the foundation of the European project for the development of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) in 1993 an ambitious time plan had been agreed between key market players in that field. After the standardisation process core techniques for video and audio coding, multiplexing, modulation, common scrambling and first service information concepts had been finalised DVB was launched. However, at that time it had been noticed that first success stories with DVB were written outside of Europe and one of the first DVB services at all was launched via AsiaSat. The reason for this was simply the fact that those activities far from Europe encountered no or only little competition from analogue TV services. The success of DVB there is based on a much simpler market scenario than in Europe, where an attractive range of television services is already in place. Electronic programme guides (EPG) are the crystallisation core for interactive television. The three fundamental types of programme guides are defined.
Klinische Erfahrungen mit dem Kensey-Katheter-System - Komplikationen und Ergebnisse (1990)

Fifteen procedures have been carried out in 14 patients using the Kensey rotation angioplasty system. Sixteen occlusions of the superficial femoral artery, with an average length of 10.2 cm (3 to 24 cm) and one artery with multiple stenoses were treated. The following results were obtained: creation of a lumen, with subsequent balloon dilatation in eight out of fifteen procedures; in two patients the vessels were occluded shortly after the procedure, due to complications (one obstructive plaque and one haematoma); five perforations, three dissections and one peripheral embolus. The total complication rate was 11 out of 15 cases, clinical improvement was obtained in six out of 15 cases.
Steel-Dickie mutation encodes a c-kit ligand lacking transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. (1991)

Mice homozygous for the viable Sl allele steel-Dickie (Sld) are sterile, severely anemic, and black-eyed white. The nature of the Sld mutation was investigated at the molecular level and was found to be due to a 4.0-kilobase intragenic deletion in mast cell growth factor (MGF) genomic sequences, providing conclusive evidence that Sl encodes MGF. As a consequence of this deletion, Sld is only capable of encoding a soluble truncated growth factor that lacks both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Northern analysis indicates that Sld mRNA is expressed at approximately wild-type levels in adult tissues, and yeast expression studies suggest that the Sld protein is as biologically active as wild-type soluble MGF. These studies provide a molecular basis for explaining the Sld phenotype, a description of a germ-line mutation in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of a membrane-bound growth factor, and in vivo evidence for the importance of membrane-bound forms of growth factors in mammalian development.
Modulation of Photochemical Properties in Ion‐Controlled Multicomponent Dynamic Devices (2009)

Abstract A bis‐pyrenyl‐terpyridine ligand 1 has been synthesised and used to prepare zinc homo‐ and heterocomplexes and their photophysical properties have been studied. Fluorescence titrations displayed modulation of absorption and emission, depending on the molarities of the ionic species (Zn 2+ , H + ). Two single‐crystal structures give insights into the formation of multicomponent supramolecular networks, also present in solution as shown by NMR and ESI‐MS spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy revealed fast exchanges of the ligands complexed around the metal ion, which could be reduced at lower temperature. Conformational (from W to U shape) and photophysical changes of the flexible ligand were demonstrated in the solid and liquid phases. Addition of zinc ions to the solution of ligands changes the absorption and fluorescence spectra noticeably. The zinc complexes do not form exciplexes; the fluorescence is mainly due to charge‐transfer transitions. The present work illustrates the potential use of ion‐triggered switches to generate mechanical motions that can be followed photophysically.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Performance evaluation of a fuzzy fusion system for subsoil classification (2000)

An information fusion system is proposed in this paper in order to segment seismic images in geological regions. The fusion of the attributes considered is made according to image interpreter knowledge, coded in the fuzzy subset theory formalism. The focus is on the problem of a quantitative performance evaluation of the fusion system according to the interpreter qualitative assessment, which has been translated into three main properties. The Baddeley distance is a potential operator for such a performance evaluation and the interesting results obtained with it are presented. But further developments are needed to calibrate the Baddeley distance more precisely with interpreter behavior and thus to optimize the fuzzy fusion system in an automatic way.
Direction-Dependent Constriction Flow in a Poroelastic Solid: The Intervertebral Disc Valve (2000)

We hypothesize that a direction-dependent flow resistance exists in the intervertebral disc due to constriction flow in the cartilage endplates. A comparison of the hydrostatic pressure in the nucleus of the healthy intervertebral disc during daily loading with the relatively low osmotic swelling pressure during rest, suggests the necessity of such direction-dependent flow resistance to ensure that all the fluid exuded from the disc during loading is recovered during rest. A physical model demonstrating the direction-dependent resistance of constriction flow in a poroelastic solid is presented. A finite element model was developed and validated against this physical model. The finite element model showed that decrease of the constriction hole area not only increases the resistance to fluid flow, but also causes the direction-dependency of flow resistance to decrease. Through this mechanism, endplate sclerosis could affect normal daily fluid exchange in the intervertebral disc, resulting in decreased mass transport and/or dehydration of the disc.
Standard-Risk Medulloblastoma Treated by Adjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Reduced-Dose Craniospinal Radiation Therapy: A French Society of Pediatric Oncology Study (2005)

Reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy can be proposed in standard-risk medulloblastoma provided staging and radiation therapy are performed under optimal conditions.
Synthesis and characteristics of large area graphene on SiC (2010)

This paper discusses synthesis of homoepitaxial graphene on the polar surfaces of silicon carbide.The growth involves a number of annealing steps of SiC single crystal wafers in hydrogen and argon atmospheres and results in the homogeneous coverage of whole wafers. Hydrogen intercalation removes the interface layer with drastic and desirable results for the electronic properties of graphene including a reversal in the spontaneous doping polarity. Transport properties including room temperature QHE and a nascent ballistic transport device are also discussed.
Schottky diodes with thin film diamond base (2003)

Schottky diodes were fabricated using metal contacts to thin diamond films obtained by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. The diamond structure of the films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering spectra. Internal photoemission measurements were used to determine a barrier height of about 1.13 eV for both Au and Al contacts to p-type diamond films. Rectifying diode characteristics were obtained at both room and elevated temperatures with the breakdown voltage exceeding 200 V at 300 K. It is shown that both static and small-signal characteristics of Schottky diodes with a thin diamond base are controlled by deep acceptor centers and are essentially the same as for their counterparts fabricated using bulk diamond.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combined hyperspectral and 3D characterization of non-healing skin ulcers (2013)

Current diagnosis of chronic wounds is based on visual inspection, collection of biopsies and analysis of extracted wound fluid. These methods are expensive, invasive, time consuming and often subjective. In this study a hyperspectral imaging system and a stereo vision system were combined to characterize and classify venous ulcers. It was shown that the combination of 2D imaging spectroscopy and 3D stereo-photogrammetry can provide valuable diagnostic information based on the optical properties of the tissue and the surface geometry of the wound.
The anti‐apoptotic genes Bcl‐X<sub>L</sub> and Bcl‐2 are over‐expressed and contribute to chemoresistance of non‐proliferating leukaemic CD34<sup>+</sup> cells (2002)

In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), cell kinetic quiescence has been postulated to contribute to drug resistance. As the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) have been implicated in cell cycle regulation, we investigated the expression of these genes in non-proliferating (Q) and proliferating (P) AML and normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 were overexpressed in Q versus P AML cells, whereas no difference in Bcl-XS and Bax expression was found. Furthermore, the Bcl-X(L)/X(S) but not the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was higher in Q AML compared with normal CD34+ Q cells (P = 0.001). An inverse correlation between Bcl-2 expression of leukaemic Q cells and their ability to enter the cell cycle was found. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) expression in the leukaemic Q cells, and enhanced their chemosensitivity to cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). These findings demonstrate overexpression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 in quiescent CD34+ AML cells and suggest their involvement in the chemoresistance. The observed inverse correlation between Bcl-2 and proliferation suggests a role for Bcl-2 in the cell cycle regulation of AML. These findings could be used in the development of therapies that selectively induce apoptosis in quiescent leukaemic progenitor cells.
Locating secret messages in images (2004)

Steganography involves hiding messages in innocuous media such as images, while steganalysis is the field of detecting these secret messages. The ultimate goal of steganalysis is two-fold: making a binary classification of a file as stego-bearing or innocent, and secondly, locating the hidden message with an aim to extracting, sterilizing or manipulating it. Almost all steganalysis approaches (known as attacks) focus on the first of these two issues. In this paper, we explore the difficult related problem: given that we know an image file contains steganography, locate which pixels contain the message. We treat the hidden message location problem as outlier detection using probability/energy measures of images motivated by the image restoration community. Pixels contributing the most to the energy calculations of an image are deemed outliers. Typically, of the top third of one percent of most energized pixels (outliers), we find that 87% are stego-bearing in color images and 61% in grayscale images. In all image types only 1% of all pixels are stego-bearing indicating our techniques provides a substantial lift over random guessing.
Intramolecular recombination between partially homologous sequences in Escherichia coli and Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1987)

We describe a system to analyze the individual contribution of a single physical DNA end on intramolecular recombination between partially homologous sequences. We took advantage of this partial sequence divergence to measure the distance separating the DNA end from the final recombination event. We show that a single physical DNA end stimulates recombination when located in a region of homology. Recombination frequency decreases gradually with the distance from the DNA end. A recombinational hot spot is found at the end of the region of homology. A large insertion of unrelated DNA interferes asymmetrically with this process, suggesting that a recombinogenic signal propagates along the region of homology.
Myofilament Calcium Sensitivity of Normotensive and Hypertensive Resistance Arteries (1995)

We measured intracellular Ca2+ and isometric force simultaneously in endothelium-denuded mesenteric resistance arteries of 12- to 15-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and Wistar rats. Basal Ca2+ did not differ among vessels of these strains (SHR, 86.6 +/- 4.5 nmol/L; WKY, 78.5 +/- 4.7 nmol/L; Wistar, 83.1 +/- 3.9 nmol/L). Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was determined by measuring the intracellular Ca2+ and force responses to cumulative addition of extracellular Ca2+ (0.025 to 2.5 mmol/L) in the presence of 100 mmol/L K+ or 10 mumol/L norepinephrine after depletion of releasable intracellular Ca2+ stores. With 100 mmol/L K+, no between-strain differences in active stress, intracellular Ca2+, or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity were observed. With 10 mumol/L norepinephrine, the active stress response of SHR vessels to 0.025 and 0.05 mmol/L Ca2+ was increased compared with both normotensive strains. The intracellular Ca2+ response was not different in vessels of SHR and WKY rats but was depressed in Wistar vessels. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity of SHR was elevated compared with both WKY and Wistar rats (P < .05) (ED25 for SHR, 74.4 +/- 5.1 nmol/L; WKY, 89.8 +/- 5.5 nmol/L; Wistar, 86.9 +/- 3.4 nmol/L). No strain differences in intracellular Ca2+ or active stress responses of SHR and WKY vessels were detected during cumulative addition of norepinephrine with constant extracellular Ca2+ (1.5 mmol/L). These results indicate that no hypertension-associated defect in vascular Ca2+ handling exists in mesenteric arteries of the SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Energy aware task scheduling with task synchronization for embedded real time systems (2002)

Slowdown factors determine the extent of slowdown a computing system can experience based on functional and performance requirements. Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) of a processor based on slowdown factors can lead to considerable energy savings. The problem of DVS in the presence of task synchronization has not yet been addressed. We compute slowdown factors for tasks which synchronize for access to shared resources. Tasks synchronize to enforce mutually exclusive access to these resources and can be blocked by lower priority tasks. We compute static slowdown factors for the tasks which guarantee meeting all the task deadlines. Our simulation experiments show on an average 25% energy gains over the known slowdown techniques.
Reversed Chloroquine Molecules as a Strategy to Overcome Resistance in Malaria (2012)

This short review tells the story of how Reversed Chloroquine drugs (RCQs) were developed. These are hybrid molecules, made by combining the quinoline nucleus from chloroquine (CQ) with moieties which are designed to inhibit efflux via known transporters in the membrane of the digestive vacuole of the malaria parasite. The resulting RCQ drugs can have potencies exceeding that of CQ, while at the same time having physical chemical characteristics that may make them favorable as partner drugs in combination therapies. The need for such novel antimalarial drugs will continue for the foreseeable future.
Quantification of Age-Related and per Diopter Accommodative Changes of the Lens and Ciliary Muscle in the Emmetropic Human Eye (2013)

The per diopter ciliary muscle contraction is age independent, even as total accommodative amplitude declines. Quantifying normal biometric dimensions of the accommodative structures and changes with age and accommodative effort will further the development of new IOLs designed to harness ciliary muscle forces.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 bind to a shared heterodimeric complex on endothelial cells mediating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induction in the absence of the common gamma chain (1996)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 exert similar, nonadditive effects on endothelial cells, inducing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and subsequent transmigration of eosinophils. The receptor for IL-4 and IL-13 was described as a shared heteromultimeric complex in which the common gamma-chain (gamma c) subunit was essential for activity. Endothelial cell bound both cytokines with high affinity; by flow cytofluorometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), they expressed IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4R alpha) but did not express the gamma c of the IL-2R. Radioligand cross-linking experiments followed by immunoprecipitation with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) S697 to the IL-4R alpha showed IL-4-specific binding at 130 kD, the IL-4R alpha, and to a minor extent to a double band coimmunoprecipitated at 65 to 75 kD. [125 I]IL-13 bound predominantly to the 65- to 75- kD band and with a trace amount of binding at 130 kD. However, no ligand-cross-linked receptor was precipitated by the MoAb S697, indicating a cognate novel IL-13-binding subunit. Excess unlabeled IL-4 completely displaced IL-13 binding. Similarly, nonsignaling IL-4 (Y124D)-mutant abolished IL-4- and IL-13-mediated signal transduction. Unlabeled IL-13 competed successfully for IL-4 binding at 65 to 75 kD but was unable to completely displace Il-4 from its binding to the IL-4R alpha. The MoAb TUGh4, specific for the gamma c, failed to precipitate ligand-cross-linked IL-4R and IL-13R. Therefore, the subunit structure of the functional receptors for IL-4 and IL-13 on human endothelial cells does not use or require the common gamma c of the IL-2R.
ZnO/AlN Clad Waveguides for AlGaN-Based Quantum Cascade Lasers (2013)

Waveguide designs for AlGaN-based near-infrared quantum cascade lasers are proposed and analyzed using optical mode solvers. Because of the poor electrical conductivity, AlN is not a suitable cladding material for the AlN/GaN/AlGaN gain region. Instead we propose the use of ZnO as a conductive top cladding and to embed the gain region between AlGaN current injection and extraction regions so that an AlN substrate can be used as the lower cladding. We also examine the use of an AlN template on a SiC substrate and find that it can also provide sufficient mode confinement with negligible radiation loss into the SiC substrate. We identify a single mode ridge waveguide design with reasonable mode confinement (40%) and loss (39 cm -1 ).
Entropy-based active learning for object recognition (2008)

Most methods for learning object categories require large amounts of labeled training data. However, obtaining such data can be a difficult and time-consuming endeavor. We have developed a novel, entropy-based ldquoactive learningrdquo approach which makes significant progress towards this problem. The main idea is to sequentially acquire labeled data by presenting an oracle (the user) with unlabeled images that will be particularly informative when labeled. Active learning adaptively prioritizes the order in which the training examples are acquired, which, as shown by our experiments, can significantly reduce the overall number of training examples required to reach near-optimal performance. At first glance this may seem counter-intuitive: how can the algorithm know whether a group of unlabeled images will be informative, when, by definition, there is no label directly associated with any of the images? Our approach is based on choosing an image to label that maximizes the expected amount of information we gain about the set of unlabeled images. The technique is demonstrated in several contexts, including improving the efficiency of Web image-search queries and open-world visual learning by an autonomous agent. Experiments on a large set of 140 visual object categories taken directly from text-based Web image searches show that our technique can provide large improvements (up to 10 x reduction in the number of training examples needed) over baseline techniques.