gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tip-Directed Synthesis of Multimetallic Nanoparticles (2015)

Alloy nanoparticles are important in many fields, including catalysis, plasmonics, and electronics, due to the chemical and physical properties that arise from the interactions between their components. Typically, alloy nanoparticles are made by solution-based synthesis; however, scanning-probe-based methods offer the ability to make and position such structures on surfaces with nanometer-scale resolution. In particular, scanning probe block copolymer lithography (SPBCL), which combines elements of block copolymer lithography with scanning probe techniques, allows one to synthesize nanoparticles with control over particle diameter in the 2-50 nm range. Thus far, single-element structures have been studied in detail, but, in principle, one could make a wide variety of multicomponent systems by controlling the composition of the polymer ink, polymer feature size, and metal precursor concentrations. Indeed, it is possible to use this approach to synthesize alloy nanoparticles comprised of combinations of Au, Ag, Pd, Ni, Co, and Pt. Here, such structures have been made with diameters deliberately tailored in the 10-20 nm range and characterized by STEM and EDS for structural and elemental composition. The catalytic activity of one class of AuPd alloy nanoparticles made via this method was evaluated with respect to the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with NaBH4. In addition to being the first catalytic studies of particles made by SPBCL, these proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate the potential for SPBCL as a new method for studying the fundamental science and potential applications of alloy nanoparticles in areas such as heterogeneous catalysis.
Apratoxin E, a Cytotoxic Peptolide from a Guamanian Collection of the Marine Cyanobacterium <i>Lyngbya bouillonii</i> (2008)

A collection of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya bouillonii from Guam afforded apratoxin E (1), a new peptide-polyketide hybrid of the apratoxin class of cytotoxins. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry. Configurational assignments of stereocenters in the peptide portion were made by chiral HPLC analysis of the acid hydrolysate. The relative configuration in the polyketide moiety was assigned by comparison of NMR data including proton-proton coupling constants with those of the known analogues. Apratoxin E (1) displayed strong cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines derived from colon, cervix, and bone, ranging from 21 to 72 nM, suggesting that the alpha,beta-unsaturation of the modified cysteine residue is not essential for apratoxin activity. The 5- to 15-fold reduced activity compared with apratoxin A (2) is attributed to the dehydration in the long-chain polyketide unit, which could affect the conformation of the molecule.
Normal Function of the Middle Ear and Its Measurement (1982)

Some principles underlying acoustic impedance measurements in the ear canal and their evaluation are reviewed. The following topics are included: some methods of measurement, useful frequency range, the middle-ear system, impedance characteristics of normal and some pathological ears, and the relation between the impedance and tympanometric results. Advantages and disadvantages of measurements with an acoustic bridge and parallel probe tubes are contrasted and the same is done for tympanometry versus static impedance measurements. The relation between tympanograms and static impedance data referred to the tympanic membrane is illustrated by means of a semihypothetical example. The example suggests that a probe frequency around 700 Hz is more informative in tympanometry than a probe frequency of 220 Hz.
Audio fingerprinting based on spectral energy structure and NMF (2011)

Audio fingerprint is also named audio hashing, which is a content-based identification technique that can be used to label an unknown audio recording. Here we introduce an audio fingerprinting algorithm based on spectral energy structure and NMF(non-negative matrix factorization) algorithm. Firstly, a matrix of audio features is generated based on the spectral subband energy of audio signal. Then NMF is performed on this matrix to capture local characteristics of audio signal, which is expected to reduce the possibility of Declassification. Experimental results suggest that the proposed scheme can achieve good recognition accuracy and can be used in applications such as broadcast monitoring and audio excerpt identification by a mobile phone.
Progressive retinal atrophy in the Tibetan spaniel in Norway and Sweden (1994)

Progressive retinal atrophy of the late onset type was diagnosed in 51 Tibetan spaniels in Norway and Sweden. At the time of diagnosis they were between three and seven years old; however, early ophthalmoscopic changes caused by the thinning of the retina could sometimes be difficult to observe because of the partial or total lack of the tapetum in many of the dogs. The disease developed rapidly, approximately one year passing from the initial clinical signs of night blindness to complete loss of vision. Twenty-four male and 27 female dogs were affected. All the affected dogs were interrelated and could be traced back to common English ancestors. On the basis of pedigree studies, an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is postulated. Information on 15 diagnosed cases of the condition in other countries shows that the disease may be considered a worldwide problem in the Tibetan spaniel.
Enantiomerically pure compound synthesis by asymmetric glyoxylate–ene reaction with vinylic sulfides and selenides catalysed by a chiral titanium complex (1993)

Asymmetric catalysis of the glyoxylate–ene reaction with vinylic sulfides and selenides by a binaphthol-derived titanium complex provides enantiomerically pure (e.p.) diastereoisomers (anti and Z) of β-alkyl-α-hydroxy esters.
Integrated waveguide with a microfluidic channel in spiral geometry for spectroscopic applications (2007)

The authors fabricated and tested a compact optical sensor with an integrated waveguide and a microchannel in spiral geometry. The multimode waveguide, consisting of an SU-8 core of 40μm thick and 50μm wide and a fluid cladding layer of 60μm thick, realizes a light-fluid interaction length of 110mm within a device area of 4cm2. The waveguide sensor measures changes in liquid sample concentration and is sensitive to changes in liquid refractive index. Absorbance measurements using the spiral waveguide sensor demonstrate increased sensitivity compared with a linear geometry sensor.
Who's the Expert: Reconceptualising Parent-Staff Relations in Early Education (1999)

This article draws on an examination of current international literature concerning parent involvement in early education to advocate a reconceptualisation of parent-staff relations. Three views of parent involvement in early education dominate the literature: parent as teacher, parent as collaborator, and parent as decision-maker. Each view rests on problematic assumptions about staff and parent expertise concerning learning and development and each, in specific ways, disempowers staff and parents by discrediting or undermining their particular expertise. The article argues that staff can resolve some ‘theoretical’ and practical problems associated with parent involvement by acting as ‘organic intellectuals’.
Dynamic Logic Circuits Using a-IGZO TFTs (2017)

Previously reported thin-film transistor (TFT) digital logic gates are mostly static circuits. If the static logic circuits are implemented using either nMOS or pMOS technologies alone, unlike CMOS technologies, the circuits consume high power because of the steady-state current, and take large circuit area. In this paper, the dynamic logic circuits using n-type a-IGZO TFTs are proposed to resolve the power and circuit area issues. The dynamic logic circuits such as inverters and nand gates are fabricated in an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide TFT technology, and traditional static logic circuits are also implemented with the same technology for comparison purposes. The measurement results show that the proposed dynamic logic circuit consumes no steady-state current, and the circuit area is reduced by 93.1%.
Dynamic Labeling during Capillary or Microchip Electrophoresis for Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection of Protein−SDS Complexes without Pre- or Postcolumn Labeling (2001)

The analysis of proteins under denaturing conditions is routinely performed with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The automated capabilities of CE, use of nongel sieving matrixes, and on-line optical detection by either ultraviolet (UV) absorption or laser-induced fluorescence (LF) promise to revolutionize this method. While direct on-line detection of proteins is possible as a result of their intrinsic ability to absorb light in the UV part of the spectrum (detection sensitivity comparable to Coomassie Blue staining of gels), LIF provides more powerful detection but requires pre- or postcolumn fluorescence labeling of the proteins. The development of a protocol analogous to that used for double-stranded DNA analysis, where fluorescent intercalating dyes are simply included in the separation medium, would simplify size-based protein analysis immensely. This would avoid the complications associated with covalent modification of the proteins but still exploit the sensitivity of LIF detection. We demonstrate that this is possible with CE and microchip detection by incorporating, into the run buffer, a fluorescent dye that interacts hydrophobically with protein-SDS complexes. Key to this is a dye that fluoresces significantly when bound to protein-SDS complexes but not when bound to SDS micelles. Comparison of electropherograms from CE-based denaturing protein analysis with UV and LIF detection indicates that the presence of the fluor does not alter separation of the proteins. Moreover, comparison with electropherograms generated from microchip electrophoresis with LIF detection shows that equivalent patterns can be obtained. Despite the unoptimized nature of this separation system, a dynamic labeling protocol that allows for LIF detection for proteins is attractive and has the potential to circumvent the tedious labeling steps typically required.
Quantitative differences in arterial morphometry define the placental bed in preeclampsia (1997)

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze normal and preeclamptic uteroplacental vasculature. Myometrial arteries from eight placental bed biopsies from uncomplicated term deliveries and 12 from proteinuric preeclampsia were characterized as uteroplacental, spiral, or basal arteries. Basal lumens within 0.2 mm radius and spiral/uteroplacental lumens within 0.4 mm radius were considered as the same artery. The biopsy area, lumen density, and arterial density (after correction for multiple lumens), lumen area, lumen perimeter, mean wall thickness, inflated diameter, and a slant factor, measuring the obliqueness of arterial transection, and ratios of lumen characteristics to mean wall thickness were analyzed. In preeclamptic cases, there were more basal lumens/mm2 and basal arteries/mm2 (P=.003, P=.03), and more spiral lumens/mm2 and spiral arteries/mm2 (P = .01, P = .03). Basal lumen area (P = .0003) and wall thickness (P = .007), and basal and spiral artery lumen perimeters and inflated diameters (for each, P = .0001, P = .048, respectively) and inflated diameter/wall ratios (P = .04, P = .05) were reduced compared with normal cases. Preeclamptic spiral and basal arteries are more tortuous or densely distributed than normal placental bed arteries, with smaller-caliber lumens and thicker walls. Failure of proper placentation may result in abnormal spatial anatomy in the placental bed. Alternatively, an anatomic variant of spiral and basal arteries may be more susceptible to hemodynamic stresses and endothelial damage and may predispose to preeclampsia.
Solid‐phase preparation of protein complexes (2010)

Protein-protein conjugation is usually achieved by solution phase methods requiring concentrated protein solution and post-synthetic purification steps. In this report we describe a novel continuous-flow solid-phase approach enabling the assembly of protein complexes minimizing the amount of material needed and allowing the repeated use of the same solid phase. The method exploits an immunoaffinity matrix as solid support; the matrix reversibly binds the first of the complex components while the other components are sequentially introduced, thus allowing the complex to grow while immobilized. The tethering technique employed relies on the use of the very mild synthetic conditions and fast association rates allowed by the avidin-biotin system. At the end of the assembly, the immobilized complexes can be removed from the solid support and recovered by lowering the pH of the medium. Under the conditions used for the sequential complexation and recovery, the solid phase was not damaged or irreversibly modified and could be reused without loss of binding capacity. The method was specifically designed to prepare protein complexes to be used in immunometric methods of analysis, where the immunoreactivity of each component needs to be preserved. The approach was successfully exploited for the preparation of two different immunoaffinity reagents with immunoreactivity mimicking native squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M (SCCA-IgM) and alphafetoprotein-immunoglobulin M (AFP-IgM) immune complexes, which were characterized by dedicated sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. Besides the specific application described in the paper, the method is sufficiently general to be used for the preparation of a broad range of protein assemblies.
Cyanogen-Oxygen Flame as a Spectrochemical Source (1955)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Milton R. Baker and Bert L. Vallee, "Cyanogen-Oxygen Flame as a Spectrochemical Source," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45, 773-773 (1955) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Global cancer control: responding to the growing burden, rising costs and inequalities in access (2018)

The cancer burden is rising globally, exerting significant strain on populations and health systems at all income levels. In May 2017, world governments made a commitment to further invest in cancer control as a public health priority, passing the World Health Assembly Resolution 70.12 on cancer prevention and control within an integrated approach. In this manuscript, the 2016 European Society for Medical Oncology Leadership Generation Programme participants propose a strategic framework that is in line with the 2017 WHO Cancer Resolution and consistent with the principle of universal health coverage, which ensures access to optimal cancer care for all people because health is a basic human right. The time for action is now to reduce barriers and provide the highest possible quality cancer care to everyone regardless of circumstance, precondition or geographic location. The national actions and the policy recommendations in this paper set forth the vision of its authors for the future of global cancer control at the national level, where the WHO Cancer Resolution must be implemented if we are to reduce the cancer burden, avoid unnecessary suffering and save as many lives as possible.
Exact Solution of the Percus-Yevick Integral Equation for Hard Spheres (1963)

ABS>The equation of state and the pair distribution for the Percus- Yevick integral equation for the radiai distribution function of a classical fluid are obtained in closed form for the prototype of interacting hard spheres. (D.C.W.)
Effects of selected chemical treatments on quality of fats used for deep frying (1986)

Abstract Maintaining quality of fats and oils used for deep frying is important in food preparation. In this study, commercially used shortenings were treated with various adsorbents and/or additives with a view to extending their useful life. Quality parameters monitored were increases in dielectric constant, free fatty acids, color (absorbance at 420 nm) and total polar materials. Bleaching clay, charcoal, magnesium oxide and Celite, and their mixtures, effectively reduced one or more of these parameters in used vegetable and animal‐vegetable shortenings. However, when the treated fats were used to fry more french fried potatoes in the laboratory, they often deteriorated more rapidly than the untreated control fats. The daily addition of 200 ppm ascorbyl palmitate to fresh, partially hydrogenated soybean oil shortening used to fry french fries retarded free fatty acid development but increased color development and dielectric constant. Treatments employed to extend the useful life of frying fats improved quality parameters, but continued frying after treatment led to greater deterioration than occurred in the untreated control samples.
Robust nonfullerene solar cells approaching unity external quantum efficiency enabled by suppression of geminate recombination (2018)

Nonfullerene solar cells have increased their efficiencies up to 13%, yet quantum efficiencies are still limited to 80%. Here we report efficient nonfullerene solar cells with quantum efficiencies approaching unity. This is achieved with overlapping absorption bands of donor and acceptor that increases the photon absorption strength in the range from about 570 to 700 nm, thus, almost all incident photons are absorbed in the active layer. The charges generated are found to dissociate with negligible geminate recombination losses resulting in a short-circuit current density of 20 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> along with open-circuit voltages >1 V, which is remarkable for a 1.6 eV bandgap system. Most importantly, the unique nano-morphology of the donor:acceptor blend results in a substantially improved stability under illumination. Understanding the efficient charge separation in nonfullerene acceptors can pave the way to robust and recombination-free organic solar cells.
Optimal Codes for the Burst Erasure Channel (2008)

Deep space communications over noisy channels lead to certain packets that are not decodable. These packets leave gaps, or bursts of erasures, in the data stream. Burst erasure correcting codes overcome this problem. These are forward erasure correcting codes that allow one to recover the missing gaps of data. Much of the recent work on this topic concentrated on Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes. These are more complicated to encode and decode than Single Parity Check (SPC) codes or Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, and so far have not been able to achieve the theoretical limit for burst erasure protection. A block interleaved maximum distance separable (MDS) code (e.g., an SPC or RS code) offers near-optimal burst erasure protection, in the sense that no other scheme of equal total transmission length and code rate could improve the guaranteed correctible burst erasure length by more than one symbol. The optimality does not depend on the length of the code, i.e., a short MDS code block interleaved to a given length would perform as well as a longer MDS code interleaved to the same overall length. As a result, this approach offers lower decoding complexity with better burst erasure protection compared to other recent designs for the burst erasure channel (e.g., LDPC codes). A limitation of the design is its lack of robustness to channels that have impairments other than burst erasures (e.g., additive white Gaussian noise), making its application best suited for correcting data erasures in layers above the physical layer. The efficiency of a burst erasure code is the length of its burst erasure correction capability divided by the theoretical upper limit on this length. The inefficiency is one minus the efficiency. The illustration compares the inefficiency of interleaved RS codes to Quasi-Cyclic (QC) LDPC codes, Euclidean Geometry (EG) LDPC codes, extended Irregular Repeat Accumulate (eIRA) codes, array codes, and random LDPC codes previously proposed for burst erasure protection. As can be seen, the simple interleaved RS codes have substantially lower inefficiency over a wide range of transmission lengths.
A proposal of broad-bandwidth vertical-cavity laser amplifier (1995)

We propose a generic vertical-cavity amplifier (VCA) using a coupled-cavity design to broaden the bandwidth. Calculations are made for cavities with GaAs-AlAs and GaAs-Al/sub x/O/sub 2/ distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR). We found that at reasonable pumping levels the VCA increased the bandwidth by 85% (GaAs-AlAs) to 500% (GaAs-Al/sub x/O/sub 2/) as compared to a simple two-mirror structure similar to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In particular, the GaAs-AlAs VCA shows a bandwidth of 2 nm at 6-dB signal gain, while the GaAs-Al/sub x/O/sub 2/ VCA demonstrates a 5-nm bandwidth at 6-dB signal gain with no ripple at required single-pass power gain of /spl sim/2-2.5%. Furthermore, as large as 30-nm bandwidth in a lossless bandpass filter can be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distorted assessment of left atrial size by echocardiography in patients with increased aortic root diameter (2021)

Our study documents that increases in AoR impact on the linear measurement of LA, resulting in an underestimated LAD P-A. LA size ought to be calculated from the apical two and four chambers view parameters, especially in patients with AoR dilatation.
Production and Characterization of Multi-Polysaccharide Degrading Enzymes from Aspergillus aculeatus BCC199 for Saccharification of Agricultural Residues (2014)

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a key step in the conversion of agricultural by-products to biofuels and value-added chemicals. Utilization of a robust microorganism for on-site production of biomass-degrading enzymes has gained increasing interest as an economical approach for supplying enzymes to biorefinery processes. In this study, production of multi-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus aculeatus BCC199 by solid-state fermentation was improved through the statistical design approach. Among the operational parameters, yeast extract and soybean meal as well as the nonionic surfactant Tween 20 and initial pH were found as key parameters for maximizing production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Under the optimized condition, the production of FPase, endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, and β-xylosidase was achieved at 23, 663, 88, 1,633, and 90 units/g of dry substrate, respectively. The multi-enzyme extract was highly efficient in the saccharification of alkaline-pretreated rice straw, corn cob, and corn stover. In comparison with commercial cellulase preparations, the BCC199 enzyme mixture was able to produce remarkable yields of glucose and xylose, as it contained higher relative activities of β-glucosidase and core hemicellulases (xylanase and β-xylosidase). These results suggested that the crude enzyme extract from A. aculeatus BCC199 possesses balanced cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities required for the efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, and supplementation of external β-glucosidase or xylanase was dispensable. The work thus demonstrates the high potential of A. aculeatus BCC199 as a promising producer of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for the biomass conversion industry.