gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The conserved proline‐rich Motif is not essential for energy transduction by <i>Escherichia coli</i>TonB protein (1993)

TonB protein functions as an energy transducer, coupling cytoplasmic membrane electrochemical potential to the active transport of vitamin B12 and Fe(III)-siderophore complexes across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. Accumulated evidence indicates that TonB is anchored in the cytoplasm, but spans the periplasmic space to interact physically with outer membrane receptors. It has been presumed that this ability is caused by a conserved (Glu-Pro)n-(Lys-Pro)m repeat motif, predicted to assume a rigid, linear conformation of sufficient length to reach the outer membrane. Based on in vitro studies with synthetic peptides and purified FhuA outer membrane receptor, it has been suggested that this region contains a site that directly binds outer membrane receptors and is essential for energy transduction. We have found a TonB lacking the (Glu-Pro)n-(Lys-Pro)m repeat motif (TonB delta(66-100)). TonB delta(66-100) is fully capable of irreversible phi 80 adsorption, except under physiological circumstances where the periplasmic space is expanded. Based on the ability of TonB delta(66-100) to interact with outer membrane receptors and components of the energy transduction apparatus under normal physiological conditions, it is evident that the TonB proline-rich region has no role in energy transduction other than to provide a physical extension sufficient to reach the outer membrane.
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by tri‐<i>n</i>‐butylborane–organic halide systems (1973)

Abstract The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by tri‐ n ‐butylborane (TBB) was studied in the presence of various organic halides (R′X). It was found that R′X accelerated the polymerization of MMA. Aliphatic halides were more effective than aromatic halides. Cocatalytic effects of butyl halides decreased in the order: n ‐BuI > n ‐BuBr > n ‐BuCl; n ‐BuBr ⋍ sec ‐BuBr > i ‐BuBr > tert ‐BuBr. In the polymerization of MMA by TBB‐ n ‐BuI, the initial rate of polymerization was found to be proportional to the concentration of MMA and to the square root of the concentration of TBB‐ n ‐BuI. The apparent activation energy was 5.3 kcal/mole. From this and other results, it was assumed that the polymerization of MMA by this initiator system proceeds by a radical mechanism via a weak complex between TBB and R′X; alkyl radicals are formed by the interaction of R′X with TBB. The TBB–R′X system can initiate the polymerization of MMA and AN, but is ineffective in the polymerization of styrene.
CHAMELEON: a self-evolving, fully-adaptive resource arbitrator for storage systems (2005)

Enterprise applications typically depend on guaranteed performance from the storage subsystem, lest they fail. However, unregulated competition is unlikely to result in a fair, predictable apportioning of resources. Given that widespread access protocols and scheduling policies are largely best-effort, the problem of providing performance guarantees on a shared system is a very difficult one. Clients typically lack accurate information on the storage system&apos;s capabilities and on the access patterns of the workloads using it, thereby compounding the problem. CHAMELEON is an adaptive arbitrator for shared storage resources; it relies on a combination of self-refining models and constrained optimization to provide performance guarantees to clients. This process depends on minimal information from clients, and is fully adaptive; decisions are based on device and workload models automatically inferred, and continuously refined, at runtime. Corrective actions taken by CHAMELEON are only as radical as warranted by the current degree of knowledge about the system&apos;s behavior. In our experiments on a real storage system CHAMELEON identified, analyzed, and corrected performance violations in 3-14 minutes---which compares very favorably with the time a human administrator would have needed. Our learningbased paradigm is a most promising way of deploying large-scale storage systems that service variable workloads on an ever-changing mix of device types.
Table-to-Text: Describing Table Region With Natural Language (2018)

In this paper, we present a generative model to generate a natural language sentence describing a table region, e.g., a row. The model maps a row from a table to a continuous vector and then generates a natural language sentence by leveraging the semantics of a table. To deal with rare words appearing in a table, we develop a flexible copying mechanism that selectively replicates contents from the table in the output sequence. Extensive experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the model and the power of the copying mechanism. On two synthetic datasets, WIKIBIO and SIMPLEQUESTIONS, our model improves the current state-of-the-art BLEU-4 score from 34.70 to 40.26 and from 33.32 to 39.12, respectively. Furthermore, we introduce an open-domain dataset WIKITABLETEXT including 13,318 explanatory sentences for 4,962 tables. Our model achieves a BLEU-4 score of 38.23, which outperforms template based and language model based approaches.
Tapered thickness MQW waveguide BH MQW lasers (1994)

We propose and demonstrate a novel 1.3 μm InGaAsP/InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) BH Fabry-Perot laser diode monolithically integrated with a MQW tapered thickness waveguide. A selective area growth (SAG) technique is used to fabricate the tapered thickness waveguide with low absorption loss and to integrate it with the MQW gain region with a high coupling efficiency. We achieve very narrow vertical and lateral far-field FWHM of 11.8/spl deg/ and 8.0/spl deg/, with low threshold current of 19 mA and high slope efficiency of 0.25 mW/mA.
Polymer-Free Optode Nanosensors for Dynamic, Reversible and Ratiometric Sodium Imaging in the Physiological Range (2013)

This work introduces a polymer-free optode nanosensor for ratiometric sodium imaging. Transmembrane ion dynamics are often captured by electrophysiology and calcium imaging, but sodium dyes suffer from short excitation wavelengths and poor selectivity. Optodes, optical sensors composed of a polymer matrix with embedded sensing chemistry, have been translated into nanosensors that selectively image ion concentrations. Polymer-free nanosensors were fabricated by emulsification and were stable by diameter and sensitivity for at least one week. Ratiometric fluorescent measurements demonstrated that the nanosensors are selective for sodium over potassium by ~1.4 orders of magnitude, have a dynamic range centered at 20 mM, and are fully reversible. The ratiometric signal changes by 70% between 10 and 100 mM sodium, showing that they are sensitive to changes in sodium concentration. These nanosensors will provide a new tool for sensitive and quantitative ion imaging.
Oestrogen Receptor β is Involved in the Actions of Oestrogens in the Brain for Affective Behaviour, but not Trophic Effects in Peripheral Tissues (2009)

The steroid, 17beta-oestradiol (E(2)) has pervasive psychological and physical effects throughout the lifespan. The question arises as to whether there are divergent oestrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanisms for these effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. This review focuses on results of studies using a whole animal model (i.e. female rats and mice) to investigate the relative effects and mechanisms of oestrogens in the CNS and the periphery. By using this approach, it has been possible to differentiate the enhancing effects of E(2) on behavioural processes mediated by the hippocampus, such as affective behaviour, and the trophic effects that increase tumourigenesis and uterine growth. Studies using pharmacological manipulations and knockout mice suggest that a likely mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of E(2) for hippocampal function (but not proliferative effects in the body) involves actions at ERbeta, changes in cell cycle/division (e.g. cyclin D1) and/or histone modifications. Thus, it may be possible to differentiate the beneficial effects of oestrogens through ERbeta, particularly in the CNS, from the negative proliferative effects on peripheral, E(2)-sensitive tissues.
The automatic generation of march tests (2002)

Many memory tests have been designed in the past, one class of tests which has been proven to be very efficient in terms of fault coverage as well as test time, is the class of march tests. Designing march tests is a tedious, manual task. This paper presents a method which can, given a set of fault models, automatically generate the required march tests. It has been implemented in the programming language C and shown to be effective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
La UE en el mundo: actuaciones y limitaciones de la Presidencia española 2010 (2010)

Este ARI repasa el desarrollo de algunas de las prioridades en el ambito exterior de la Presidencia espanola del Consejo de la Union Europea, superado el ecuador de la misma.

Espana asumio el 1 de enero de 2010 la Presidencia del Consejo de la UE, por cuarta vez desde su incorporacion a la entonces Comunidad Europea. Espana ejerce su Presidencia en un momento crucial del proyecto de integracion europeo, con la gran responsabilidad de poner en marcha las novedades y la nueva arquitectura institucional incorporada en el Tratado de Lisboa, que entro finalmente en vigor, el 1 de diciembre de 2009. Por todo ello, y por una serie de cuestiones que se detallaran a continuacion, la Presidencia espanola se enfrenta a un reto organizativo y a una serie de temas prioritarios de gran relevancia en un contexto sumamente complejo tanto a nivel nacional como europeo e internacional. En este ARI se analizaran algunos de los puntos que Espana pretende impulsar para que la Union Europea se constituya en un actor global, responsable y solidario. No obstante, por su especificidad, no se analizara el desarrollo de las prioridades de la Presidencia en politica de seguridad y defensa o conexas, tales como la participacion de la UE en la Conferencia de Revision del Tratado de No Proliferacion Nuclear o aquellas cumbres de la UE (Canada, Japon, la de Pakistan ha sido aplazada) en las que la Presidencia espanola no ha participado.
POST-EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZATION ON SOME INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FROM A RED FERRALITIC SOIL (2003)

"A study was conducted in the experimental area of INCA, Havana province, on a compacted Red Ferralitic soil. A split plot design with four replications was used in order to evaluate four biofertilization systems in two cropping sequences: soybean (Glycine max L.)-corn (Zea mays)-sweet potato (Ipomea batata L) and soybean-sunflower (Helianthus annus)-sorghum (Sorghum vulgaris). Seeding started in 1998 spring with 32 plots of 100 m2 (10x10 m). Biofertilizer was applied by seed pelletization before sowing. Soybean was inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (ICA 8001 strain) and Glomus clarum, whereas the remaining crops of each sequence were inoculated with Glomus clarum and Burkholderia cepacia. For each crop, yield, mycorrhizal colonization and endophyte weight percentages were evaluated, while soil evaluations were performed on real density (Dr), bulk density (Da), texture, degree of aggregation, stability coefficient and dispersion index. Results showed a notable influence of biofertilization system and both crop sequences on the degree of aggregation and some indicators of soil physical properties evaluated."
A Survey of Wearable Devices and Challenges (2017)

As smartphone penetration saturates, we are witnessing a new trend in personal mobile devices-wearable mobile devices or simply wearables as it is often called. Wearables come in many different forms and flavors targeting different accessories and clothing that people wear. Although small in size, they are often expected to continuously sense, collect, and upload various physiological data to improve quality of life. These requirements put significant demand on improving communication security and reducing power consumption of the system, fueling new research in these areas. In this paper, we first provide a comprehensive survey and classification of commercially available wearables and research prototypes. We then examine the communication security issues facing the popular wearables followed by a survey of solutions studied in the literature. We also categorize and explain the techniques for improving the power efficiency of wearables. Next, we survey the research literature in wearable computing. We conclude with future directions in wearable market and research.
Catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil by coordination complex at relatively low temperature (2017)

A series of Mannich base-transition metal coordination complex was synthesized and used for the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil, among which we found that the Ni(II) complex is the most effective one. After reacted under a relative low temperature, 180°C, for 24 h, the viscosity of the heavy oil was decreased by 75.2% using 0.5 wt % Ni(II) complex. The results showed that the content of resin and asphaltenes was decreased, while the content of saturate and aromatic were increased after aquathermolysis reaction. Besides, the catalytic aquathermolysis could both decrease the viscosity of heavy oil, and reduce the content of heteroatoms, resulting in flow properties enhanced and the quality upgraded.
Context-based message expansion for disentanglement of interleaved text conversations (2009)

Computational processing of text exchanged in interactive venues in which participants engage in simultaneous conversations can benefit from techniques for automatically grouping overlapping sequences of messages into separate conversations, a problem known as "disentanglement." While previous methods exploit both lexical and non-lexical information that exists in conversations for this task, the inter-dependency between the meaning of a message and its temporal and social contexts is largely ignored. Our approach exploits contextual properties (both explicit and hidden) to probabilistically expand each message to provide a more accurate message representation. Extensive experimental evaluations show our approach outperforms the best previously known technique.
The occurrence of two immunologically distinguishable beta-glucocerebrosidases in human spleen (1985)

The beta-glucosidase activity in spleen from control subjects and patients with different clinical phenotypes of Gaucher's disease was characterized. The occurrence of a soluble non-specific beta-glucosidase with a neutral pH optimum and two membrane-associated beta-glucocerebrosidases with an acid pH optimum was demonstrated. The two beta-glucocerebrosidases can be distinguished on the basis of their ability to react with anti-(placental beta-glucocerebrosidase) antibodies bound to protein-A--Sepharose 4B beads. One of the splenic beta-glucocerebrosidases (form I) is precipitated by the immobilized antibodies and the other (form II) is not. The two forms also differ in binding affinity to concanavalin A, degree of stimulation of enzymic activity by taurocholate and isoelectric point. In contrast, the Km values of the two beta-glucocerebrosidases for natural and artificial substrates are similar and both are inhibited by conduritol B-epoxide. In spleen from three patients with type 1, one patient with type 2 and one patient with type 3 Gaucher's disease form I beta-glucocerebrosidase was found to be clearly deficient, whereas the activity of form II was 25-50% of that in control spleen. The non-specific, neutral beta-glucosidase was not deficient in these Gaucher spleens. The distinct biochemical and immunological properties of non-specific beta-glucosidase and the fact that normal levels of the enzyme are present in patients with Gaucher's disease indicate, in confirmation of previous reports, that non-specific beta-glucosidase is not related to beta-glucocerebrosidase.
Diagnosis of Primary HIV-1 Infection (2001)

No sign or symptom allows targeted screening for primary infection. Although assays for HIV RNA are more sensitive than those for p24 antigen in diagnosing primary infection, they are more expensive and are more likely to yield false-positive results.
Diffusion maps for exploring electro-optical synthetic vehicle image data (2012)

In this work, we explore low-dimensional representations of high-dimensional data derived from electro-optical synthetic vehicle images. The collection of vehicle images consists of four different vehicle models: Toyota Camry, Toyota Avalon, Toyota Tacoma, and Nissan Sentra. This data contains 3,601 160 × 213 gray-scale vehicle images sampled uniformly over a camera view hemisphere. We use the non-linear manifold learning technique of diffusion maps with Gaussian kernel to explore low-dimensional structure the high-dimensional cloud of vehicle image observations. Diffusion maps have been shown to be a valuable tool in the analysis of high-dimensional data and the technique is able to extract an approximation for the underlying structure inherent to the data. Our analysis includes examining how the diffusion time and kernel width leads to different low-dimensional representations and we present a novel technique to relate the kernel width to the distribution of data in the observation space. In addition, we present initial results for multi-class vehicle classification through low-dimensional embedding coordinates and the out-of-sample extension of unlabeled vehicle images.
NeuroSensor: A 3D image sensor with integrated neural accelerator (2016)

3D integration provides opportunities to design high-bandwidth and low-power CMOS image sensors (CIS) [1-4]. The 3D stacking of pixel tier, peripheral tier, memory tier(s), and compute tier(s) enables high degree of parallel processing. Also, each tier can be designed in different technology nodes (heterogeneous integration) to further improve power-efficiency. This paper presents a case study of a smart 3D image sensor with integrated neuro-inspired computing for intelligent vision processing. Hardware acceleration of neuro-inspired computing has received much attention in recent years for recognition and classification [5]. We present the physical design of NeuroSensor, a 3D CIS with an integrated convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator. The rationale for our approach is that 3D integration of sensor, memory, and computing will effectively harness the inherent parallelism in neural algorithms. We design the NeuroSensor considering different complexities of CNN platform, ranging from only feature extraction to complete classification, and study the trade-offs between complexity, performance, and power.
A Dynamic Cell Clustering Algorithm for Maximization of Coordination Gain in Uplink Coordinated System (2015)

We propose a dynamic clustering algorithm for maximizing a coordination gain in the uplink coordinated system. The dynamic clustering algorithm configures clusters periodically to adopt the change of the channel environment. Since the greedy-search clustering algorithm does not guarantee cell-edge users' performance and the full-search clustering algorithm (FSCA) is highly complex, we define a coordination gain between the coordinated communication system and the single-cell communication system, as a new parameter, to maximize the benefit of the coordinated communication system. We develop a maximum coordination gain (MAX-CG) clustering algorithm to maximize the coordination gain and an interference weight (IW) clustering algorithm to reduce complexity and guarantee the data rate of cell-edge users. Simulation results show that the MAX-CG clustering algorithm improves the average user rate and the 5% edge user rate. The IW clustering algorithm improves the 5% edge user's rate, guarantees the fairness among the cells, and reduces the complexity to only half of the existing algorithm.
DRS: Dynamic Resource Scheduling for Real-Time Analytics over Fast Streams (2015)

In a data stream management system (DSMS), users register continuous queries, and receive result updates as data arrive and expire. We focus on applications with real-time constraints, in which the user must receive each result update within a given period after the update occurs. To handle fast data, the DSMS is commonly placed on top of a cloud infrastructure. Because stream properties such as arrival rates can fluctuate unpredictably, cloud resources must be dynamically provisioned and scheduled accordingly to ensure real-time response. It is essential, for the existing systems or future developments, to possess the ability of scheduling resources dynamically according to the current workload, in order to avoid wasting resources, or failing in delivering correct results on time. Motivated by this, we propose DRS, a novel dynamic resource scheduler for cloud-based DSMSs. DRS overcomes three fundamental challenges: (a) how to model the relationship between the provisioned resources and query response time (b) where to best place resources, and (c) how to measure system load with minimal overhead. In particular, DRS includes an accurate performance model based on the theory of Jackson open queueing networks and is capable of handling arbitrary operator topologies, possibly with loops, splits and joins. Extensive experiments with real data confirm that DRS achieves real-time response with close to optimal resource consumption.
Translocation pathway of protein substrates in ClpAP protease (2001)

Intracellular protein degradation, which must be tightly controlled to protect normal proteins, is carried out by ATP-dependent proteases. These multicomponent enzymes have chaperone-like ATPases that recognize and unfold protein substrates and deliver them to the proteinase components for digestion. In ClpAP, hexameric rings of the ClpA ATPase stack axially on either face of the ClpP proteinase, which consists of two apposed heptameric rings. We have used cryoelectron microscopy to characterize interactions of ClpAP with the model substrate, bacteriophage P1 protein, RepA. In complexes stabilized by ATPgammaS, which bind but do not process substrate, RepA dimers are seen at near-axial sites on the distal surface of ClpA. On ATP addition, RepA is translocated through approximately 150 A into the digestion chamber inside ClpP. Little change is observed in ClpAP, implying that translocation proceeds without major reorganization of the ClpA hexamer. When translocation is observed in complexes containing a ClpP mutant whose digestion chamber is already occupied by unprocessed propeptides, a small increase in density is observed within ClpP, and RepA-associated density is also seen at other axial sites. These sites appear to represent intermediate points on the translocation pathway, at which segments of unfolded RepA subunits transiently accumulate en route to the digestion chamber.