gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
InGaAsP/InP quantum well modulators grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1987)

The quantum confined Stark effect has been studied in InGaAsP/InP rib waveguide structures grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Using 100-Å-wide wells of InGaAs, a room-temperature exciton shift of about 250 Å has been observed for a bias voltage of 6 V. At a wavelength of 1.64 μm a modulation depth of 35% has been achieved at a frequency of 500 MHz. We show that efficient modulation at shorter wavelength cannot be obtained in structures with thinner ternary wells. Instead, we propose and demonstrate InGaAsP modulators operating at a wavelength as short as 1.3 μm.
Allopregnanolone and neuroinflammation: a focus on multiple sclerosis (2014)

The progesterone derivative allopregnanolone (ALLO) is one of the most widely studied compounds among neurosteroids. Through interactions with GABA-A receptors expressed by neurons and glial cells, ALLO has been shown to affect diverse aspects of neural cell physiology, including cell proliferation and survival, migration, and gene expression. Recent data point to important roles for ALLO in different neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysregulation in ALLO biosynthesis pathways has been reported in brain tissue from MS patients as well as in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue derived from MS animal models. Administration of ALLO has been shown to ameliorate neurobehavioral deficits together with neuropathology and inflammation in the CNS of animals with autoimmune demyelination. These findings are in line with previous reports indicating growth- and differentiation-promoting actions of ALLO on neurons and glial cells as well as its neuroprotective effects in the context of other CNS diseases. Nonetheless, these findings have also raised the possibility that ALLO might influence leukocyte biology and associated neuroinflammatory mechanisms independent of its neuroregenerative properties. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding the role of ALLO in the pathogenesis of MS, and discuss the potential cellular and molecular pathways that might be influenced by ALLO in the context of disease.
Current Literature: Body‐Mass Index and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Adults (2000)

Background: Body‐mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) is known to be associated with overall mortality. We investigated the effects of age, race, sex, smoking status, and history of disease on the relation between body‐mass index and mortality. Methods: In a prospective study of more than 1 million adults in the United States (457,785 men and 588,369 women), 201,622 deaths occurred during 14 years of follow‐up. We examined the relation between body‐mass index and the risk of death from all causes in four subgroups categorized according to smoking status and history of disease. In healthy people who had never smoked, we further examined whether the relation varied according to race, cause of death, or age. The relative risk was used to assess the relation between mortality and body‐mass index. Results: The association between body‐mass index and the risk of death was substantially modified by smoking status and the presence of disease. In healthy people who had never smoked, the nadir of the curve for body‐mass index and mortality was found at a body‐mass index of 23.5 to 24.9 in men and 22.0 to 23.4 in women. Among subjects with the highest body‐mass indexes, white men and women had a relative risk of death of 2.58 and 2.00, respectively, as compared with those with a body‐mass index of 23.5 to 24.9. Black men and women with the highest body‐mass indexes had much lower risks of death (1.35 and 1.21), which did not differ significantly from 1.00. A high body‐mass index was most predictive of death from cardiovascular disease, especially in men (relative risk, 2.90; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.37 to 3.56). Heavier men and women in all age groups had an increased risk of death. Conclusions: The risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer or others disease increases throughout the range of moderate and severe overweight for both men and women in all age groups. The risk associated with a high body‐mass index is greater for whites than for blacks. (N Engl J Med 341:1097–1105, 1999)
Progress in Gene Therapy to Prevent Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Glaucoma and Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (2018)

The eye is at the forefront of the application of gene therapy techniques to medicine. In the United States, a gene therapy treatment for Leber's congenital amaurosis, a rare inherited retinal disease, recently became the first gene therapy to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of disease caused by mutations in a specific gene. Phase III clinical trials of gene therapy for other single-gene defect diseases of the retina and optic nerve are also currently underway. However, for optic nerve diseases not caused by single-gene defects, gene therapy strategies are likely to focus on slowing or preventing neuronal death through the expression of neuroprotective agents. In addition to these strategies, there has also been recent interest in the potential use of precise genome editing techniques to treat ocular disease. This review focuses on recent developments in gene therapy techniques for the treatment of glaucoma and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). We discuss recent successes in clinical trials for the treatment of LHON using gene supplementation therapy, promising neuroprotective strategies that have been employed in animal models of glaucoma and the potential use of genome editing techniques in treating optic nerve disease.
Cytotoxic proteases in blister fluid of pemphigus and pemphigoid patients. (1989)

Investigation of blister fluid (BF) from 49 pemphigus vulgaris and 27 bullous pemphigoid patients revealed direct interrelation between proteolytic and cytotoxic activities of BF. Human epidermal keratinocytes proved to be more sensitive to the cytolytic effect of BF as compared to human endotheliocytes and fibroplasts. Epidermal keratinocyte cultivation in patients' BF led to proteolytic activity enhancement in culture supernatant. Inasmuch as cytotoxic and proteolytic activity of BF sharply decreased under the effect of inhibitors of serine proteinases only, it was concluded that proteolytic enzymes of this class play the role of a "cytotoxic factor" causing the lysis of epidermal cells in pemphigus and pemphigoid.
Granulibacter bethesdensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a distinctive pathogenic acetic acid bacterium in the family Acetobacteraceae (2006)

A Gram-negative, aerobic, coccobacillus to rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from three patients with chronic granulomatous disease. The organism was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the RecA protein demonstrated that the organism belongs to a new sublineage within the acetic acid bacteria in the family Acetobacteraceae. Phenotypic features are summarized as follows: the organism grew at an optimum temperature of 35-37 degrees C and optimum pH of 5.0-6.5. It produced a yellow pigment, oxidized lactate and acetate, the latter weakly, produced little acetic acid from ethanol and could use methanol as a sole carbon source. The two major fatty acids were a straight-chain unsaturated acid (C18:1omega7c) and C16:0. The DNA base composition was 59.1 mol% G+C. The very weak production of acetic acid from ethanol, the ability to use methanol, the yellow pigmentation and high optimum temperature for growth distinguished this organism from other acetic acid bacteria. The unique phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics suggest that the bacterium should be classified within a separate genus, for which the name Granulibacter bethesdensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CGDNIH1T (=ATCC BAA-1260T=DSM 17861T).
Web-based simulation visualization using Java3D (1999)

The coupling of Java3D and applet technologies has the potential to revolutionize web-based simulation visualization.
Open Threat Signaling using RPC API over HTTPS and IPFIX (2015)

This document defines a method by which a device or application may
signal information relating to current threat handling to other
devices/applications that may reside locally or at the service
provider. The initial focus is ddos mitigation; however, the method
may be extended to communicate any threat type. This will allow for a
vendor or provider agnostic approach to threat mitigation utilising
multiple layers of protection as the operator sees fit. The
dissemination of threat information will occur utilising JSON RPC API
over HTTPS communications between devices/applications and will be
augmented by IPFIX and UDP or SCTP for signaling telemetry information
relating to attacks and protected object data. An open standards
based approach to communication between on-premise DDoS mitigation
devices and service provider based DDoS protection services allows for
enterprises to have a wider range of options to better secure their
environments without the limitations of vendor lock-in.
Theoretical investigation of layered zeolites with MWW topology: MCM-22P vs. MCM-56 (2014)

The inter-layer interactions and the possible arrangements of MWW-type layers were investigated computationally at the non-local density functional theory level. Powder XRD patterns were simulated for structures obtained computationally and compared with experimental data. The MCM-22P material corresponds to the layers bound with relatively strong hydrogen bonds between surface silanol groups that is an energetically preferred structure in the presence of a structure directing agent (hexamethyleneimine). The powder XRD pattern of MCM-56 is best matched for relatively disordered (in the ab plane) MWW layers that are partially condensed. The appearance of the powder XRD pattern in the 2θ range of 7.5-10° depends on the extent of interlayer condensation. The combination of density functional investigation of interactions between MWW layers together with simulation of powder XRD patterns brings atomistic insight into the inter-layer arrangement and better understanding of the effects responsible for the differences between various layered materials of the MWW family.
Thinking differently: challenges in qualitative research (2007)

This paper will explore ideas about challenges to qualitative research in recent years. One often hears the phrase ‘cutting edge’ and ‘innovation’ in the qualitative research tradition, and we would like to debate some of these issues. The discussion will focus on the recent challenges that qualitative researchers have faced, and in particular, on possible innovations that are emerging at the growing edge of their endeavours. Several areas of change and challenge can be identified: the integration of art and science; the development of non-traditional forms of dissemination; the collaboration of members from different disciplines the craft of qualitative research. These are emerging trends, each with a challenge for qualitative research, and they make us think about questions that we might ask to take it “out of the doldrums”.
A simian virus 40 large T-antigen segment containing amino acids 1 to 127 and expressed under the control of the rat elastase-1 promoter produces pancreatic acinar carcinomas in transgenic mice (1997)

The simian virus 40 large T antigen induces tumors in a wide variety of tissues in transgenic mice, the precise tissues depending on the tissue specificity of the upstream region controlling T-antigen expression. Expression of mutant T antigens that contain a subset of the protein's activities restricts the spectrum of tumors induced. Others showed previously that expression of a mutant large T antigen containing the N-terminal 121 amino acids (T1-121) under control of the lymphotropic papovavirus promoter resulted in slow-growing choroid plexus tumors, whereas full-length T antigen under the same promoter induced rapidly growing CPR tumors, T-cell lymphomas, and B-cell lymphomas. In those instances, the alteration in tumor induction or progression correlated with inability of the mutant large T antigen to bind the tumor suppressor p53. In the study reported here, we investigated the capacity of an N-terminal T antigen segment (T1-127) expressed in conjunction with small t antigen under control of the rat elastase-1 (E1) promoter to induce pancreatic tumors. The results show that pancreases of transgenic mice expressing T1-127 and small t antigen display acinar cell dysplasia at birth that progresses to neoplasia. The average age to death in these mice is within the range reported for transgenic mice expressing full-length T antigen under control of the E1 promoter. These results indicate that sequestering p53 by binding is not required for the development of rapidly growing acinar cell carcinomas. In addition, we provide evidence that small t antigen is unlikely to be required. Finally, we show that the p53 protein in acinar cell carcinomas is wild type in conformation.
Bandpass Class-F Power Amplifier Based on Multifunction Hybrid Cavity–Microstrip Filter (2016)

This brief presents a filter-integrated high-efficiency class-F power amplifier (PA). The hybrid cavity-microstrip filtering circuit is employed not only to realize output impedance matching and the third-harmonic manipulation but also to provide high-selectivity bandpass responses. To fulfill the requirements of high-efficiency class-F PAs, cavity resonators and microstrip feeding structures are involved, and their benefits are fully exploited. The metal cavity resonator features a high Q value and, thus, low loss in the passband, resulting in high efficiency. Moreover, metal walls of cavities act as heat sink for the transistor. The microstrip feeding structures are used to improve the skirt selectivity and manipulate the third harmonic. Moreover, it features easy integration with the transistor, and thus, the transition between cavity and microstrip lines is eliminated. The hybrid filter is characterized based on filter synthesis theory. Complex impedance conversion analysis is carried out to guide the impedance transformation from 50 Ω to a complex one desired by the transistor. For demonstration, a filtering PA operating at 2.4 GHz is designed and measured. It exhibits both high-selectivity bandpass responses and good PA performance with maximum power-added efficiency of 70.9% at 40.8-dBm output power.
Calculation of plane turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flows with a modified<i>k</i>-ϵ model (1997)

Suitable modifications to the k— model are proposed for the calculation of turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flows. In the case of pure Couette flow a logarithmic expression for the turbulent kinetic energy could be derived which is valid over the entire fully turbulent region. The basic idea for numerical computations is the deviation from the concept of constant cμ. In the case of Couette-type flows proper distributions of this model parameter could be found. In Poiseuille-type flows the application of an extended eddy-diffusivity approach for the turbulent shear stress leads to results which satisfactorily correspond to the measurements.
The Role of Albumin in Human Toxicology of Cobalt: Contribution from a Clinical Case (2010)

The distribution and adverse effects, especially to optic and acoustic nerves, of cobalt released from a hip arthroplasty and its association with albumin were studied. The analysis of cobalt was performed in plasma, whole blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The fraction of albumin binding the metal was determined by colorimetric assay using dithiothreitol (DTT). In all the biological matrices very high levels of cobalt were measured, but contrary to expected, a higher concentration in whole blood than in plasma was observed. The determination of altered albumin confirmed this hypothesis. This evidence might indicate an alteration in the binding of cobalt to albumin and a consequent increase in the concentration of the diffusible (free) fraction of the metal. This appears an interesting starting point for further investigations for identifying and better understanding cobalt neurotoxicity, apparently not so frequent in occupational medicine and clinical practice.
Polypropylene composites having carbon nanotubes and powder styrene-butadiene rubber (2008)

Vulcanized carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) composite powders were added to polypropylene(PP) using the melting mixing method to obtain modified composites with better properties.The powders were cross-linked using electron beam radiation and prepared using spray drying.Test results show that with an SBR loading(mass fraction to pure PP) of 15%,CNTs loading of 2%,and sodium benzoate loading of 2%,the impact strength is improved by 120%,tensile strength is improved by 6%,elongation at break is improved by 55%,and flexural strength of the modified PP is improved by 20%,compared with pure PP.
Contribution of the reaction ( gamma, d ) to the isoscalar channel in 4He photodisintegration (1972)

The purpose of this review is to describe how the function and connections of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (Pa) may play a role in the regulation of stress and negative emotional behavior. Located in the dorsal midline thalamus, the Pa is heavily innervated by serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine (DA), corticotropin-releasing hormone, and orexins (ORX), and is the only thalamic nucleus connected to the group of structures comprising the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and infralimbic/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). These neurotransmitter systems and structures are involved in regulating motivation and mood, and display abnormal functioning in several psychiatric disorders including anxiety, substance use, and major depressive disorders (MDD). Furthermore, rodent studies show that the Pa is consistently and potently activated following a variety of stressors and has a unique role in regulating responses to chronic stressors. These observations provide a compelling rationale for investigating the Pa in the link between stress and negative emotional behavior, and for including the Pa in the neural pathways of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Increased Activation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Liver and Skeletal Muscle of Obese Rats: Possible Involvement in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance (2004)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates insulin and nutrient signaling in numerous cell types. Recent studies also suggest that this pathway negatively modulates insulin signaling to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt in adipose and muscle cells. However, it is still unclear whether activation of the mTOR pathway is increased in obesity and if it could be involved in the promotion of insulin resistance. In this paper we show that basal (fasting state) activation of mTOR and its downstream target S6K1 is markedly elevated in liver and skeletal muscle of obese rats fed a high fat diet compared with chow-fed, lean controls. Time-course studies also revealed that mTOR and S6K1 activation by insulin was accelerated in tissues of obese rats, in association with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) on Ser636/Ser639 and impaired Akt activation. The relationship between mTOR/S6K1 overactivation and impaired insulin signaling to Akt was also examined in hepatic cells in vitro. Insulin caused a time-dependent activation of mTOR and S6K1 in HepG2 cells. This was associated with increased IRS-1 phosphorylation on Ser636/Ser639. Inhibition of mTOR/S6K1 by rapamycin blunted insulin-induced Ser636/Ser639 phosphorylation of IRS-1, leading to a rapid (approximately 5 min) and persistent increase in IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and Akt phosphorylation. These results show that activation of the mTOR pathway is increased in liver and muscle of high fat-fed obese rats. In vitro studies with rapamycin suggest that mTOR/S6K1 overactivation contributes to elevated serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, leading to impaired insulin signaling to Akt in liver and muscle of this dietary model of obesity.
Structure−Morphology−Electroluminescence Relationship for Hybrid Conjugated Polymers (2004)

A comparative study of a series of conjugated polymers is described. The solution absorption spectra of polymers 1−3 show unusual red shifts relative to their film spectra, which is due to strong aggregate formation in the concentrated solution. The polymer with octadecyloxy side chains shows improved LED performance because of increased solubility, film-forming capability, and optimized film morphology. The long side chains are also capable of forming small insulating domains which inhibit exciton interchain migration thereby enhancing exciton confinement and EL efficiency. 2-Ethylhexyloxy side chains also favor exciton confinement due to their increased steric hindrance to interaction between neighboring conjugated main chains. AFM and contact angle measurements indicate that polymer film surface properties are controlled by polymer backbone structure and by the length, geometry, and polarity of the side group. The polymer film surface morphology affects the local electrical field distribution within the LED, electron injection/transport at the polymer/Ca interface, and overall it influences the device performance.
DLC passivation layers for high voltage silicon devices (2002)

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) layers, due to their properties, can act as very attractive material for microelectronics technology. In particular, they can be used to create passivation layers in semiconductor devices. In the contribution the investigations concerning such an application of the DLC layers as the passivation coating for high-voltage junctions in manufacturing of power semiconductor devices are presented. It has been found that at the ambient temperature the layers played the role of passivation layer very efficiently-the blocking capability of the test devices remained high and the dispersion of the breakdown voltages U/sub BR/ was lower than before the coating process. At higher temperature, however, the unrequired tendency of banding of the I-V curves has been observed Since the properties of DLC layer strongly depend on the technology, the used technology process as well as technology apparatus are described.
Some Properties of Two-Bath Developers for Motion Picture Film (1933)

It is well known that the properties of developers change during use as a result of depletion of the developing agents and accumulation of reaction products. This change is greatest for low-energy developers such as those of the borax type, and results in (1) a reduced development rate, and (2) a lowering of effective emulsion speed. These two effects may be offset to some extent by increasing the development time and by adding booster solutions to revive the developer. Another method of securing a more uniform degree of development throughout the life of a developer consists in using two developer baths in succession. — Three types of two-bath developers have been investigated, as follows: (1) bath A contained all the developing agents plus sodium sulfite; bath B, all the alkali plus the balance of the sulfite. (2) Both baths contained developing agents. (3) Both baths were of identical composition, the first bath being replaced by the second as it became exhausted. The results of the investigation showed that Type I is the most satisfactory developer combination and with this method it is possible to obtain an almost constant gamma with only a slight loss of emulsion speed over a fairly wide range of time of development. A formula is also suggested for the development of variable density sound negatives. The application of two-bath developers to machine, and rack and tank systems is described.