gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Heat Shock Protein Messenger RNA in Maize Mesocotyls by Water Stress, Abscisic Acid, and Wounding (1984)

Exposure of the excised growing region of the mesocotyl of young corn seedlings to heat shock stimulated the production of specific heat shock proteins and the intensification of synthesis of two proteins with a molecular weight of approximately 70,000. Water stress and abscisic acid also stimulated synthesis of these 70,000-dalton proteins, and other unique proteins distinct from those induced by heat shock. Growing tissues of intact corn mesocotyls exposed to heat shock, water stress, or abscisic acid accumulated mRNA species homologous to a cloned genomic probe of the 5' end of the 70,000-dalton Drosophila heat shock protein gene. Since cut segments of the mesocotyl under unstressed conditions produced a similar mRNA, we suggest that the hsp 70 gene is activated in corn by a variety of diverse stresses. Production of the mRNA is rapid, but transient, being induced within 3 hours of the imposition of the stress, but declining after reaching a maximum at 9 hours.
Promoter specificity mediates the independent regulation of neighboring genes. (1996)

Although enhancers can exert their influence over great distances, their effect is generally limited to a single gene. To discern the mechanism by which this constraint can he mediated, we have studied three neighboring Drosophila genes: decapentaplegic (dpp), SLY1 homologous (Slh) and out at first (oaf). Several dpp enhancers are positioned close to Slh and oaf, and yet these genes are unaffected by the dpp elements. However, when a transposon is located within the oaf gene, the dpp enhancers activate the more distant transposon promoters while still ignoring the closer Slh and oaf start sites. To test whether this promoter specificity accounts for the regulatory autonomy normally found for the three genes, we used in vivo gene targeting to replace the oaf promoter with a dpp-compatible one in an otherwise normal chromosome. Strikingly, this chimeric gene is now activated by the dpp enhancers. Thus, the properties of the promoters themselves are sufficient to mediate the autonomous regulation of genes in this region.
BrickNet: sharing object behaviors on the Net (2002)

In a majority of networked virtual worlds, object sharing is limited to object geometries only. The BrickNet toolkit extends the sharing of objects to include dynamic object behaviors. This is achieved by combining a structured organizational paradigm for virtual worlds with an interpreted language. Sharing in virtual worlds is handled by transferring the program code that builds the structure and executes the behavior. The range of behaviors that can be shared in BrickNet include simple behaviors, virtual world dependent behaviors, reactive behaviors and capability-based behaviors.
3D vertical RRAM architecture and operation algorithms with effective IR-drop suppressing and anti-disturbance (2015)

We propose co-optimization of VRRAM cell structure and array architecture as well as IR-drop-aware read/write algorithms to overcome issues of disturbance and IR drop from long wire. A bi-directional diode (2D) access device is combined with one resistor to form 2D1R cell. A dummy reference plane is inserted into array to set up the same IR drop path of reference cell with that of selected cell. Consequently, the same IR drop effect can be cancelled during read. The model for disturbance analysis is put forward. Voltage dropped on un-selected bit lines is the key parameter to suppress set disturbance. Set disturbance is significantly suppressed even when number of RRAM layers increases to 64. Set voltage has to meet corresponding requirements in order to minimize the disturbance risk.
Effiziente Synthese von Nucleosiddiphosphat‐Glycopyranosen (2007)

Ruck zuck zum Zucker: Eine kurze Route zur Synthese der biologisch wichtigen Klasse der Nucleosiddiphosphat-Pyranosen (NDP-Zucker) geht von cyclo-Saligenyl(cycloSal)-Nucleotiden aus, die als Aktivester mit anomerenreinen Pyranose-1-phosphaten umgesetzt werden (siehe Schema; T=Thymin; X=OAc, H; Y=OH, H). Die Zielverbindungen werden in hohen Ausbeuten und anomerenrein isoliert.
Model Coordination Complexes for Designing Poly(terthiophene)/Rh(I) Hybrid Materials with Electrochemically Tunable Reactivities (1998)

The synthesis and characterization of two chiral, redox-active Rh(I) bis(diphenylphosphinite) monomers, complexes 3 and 4, are reported. Complex 4, [(η2-1,2- bis(diphenylphosphinite),4-oxo-6-(3‘-α-terthiophene)Rh(I)(η4-C7H8)]BF4, can be electrochemically polymerized to form poly-4, and the η4-C7H8 ligand can be hydrogenated in THF to form the metal-containing polymer 17. Polymer 17 is proposed to consist of a poly(terthiophene) backbone with Rh(I) phenyl-bridged dimers acting as cross-linkers between neighboring polymer chains. This structural formulation for polymer 17 is based upon its electrochemistry and a comparison with the solution chemistry of monomer 4. Significantly, this study discusses the importance of balancing polymerization potential, metal oxidation potential, and polymer ligating properties in the design of high surface area, polymeric, redox-switchable hemilabile ligands.
A standard predictive index of human response to the thermal environment (1986)

Temperature and sensory indicates of human response to the thermal environment are often expressed in terms of the known response in a controlled laboratory environment, as a standard. The three rational indices of this type to be considered are ASHRAE's Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) Index, defined as the equivalent dry bulb temperature of an isothermal environment at 50% RH in which a subject, while wearing clothing standardized for activity concerned, would have the same heat stress (skin temperature T/sub sk/) and thermo-regulatory strain (skin wettedness, w) as in the actual test environment; Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) Index, defined in terms of the heat load that would be required to restore a state of ''Comfort'' and evaluated by his Comfort Equation; and Winslow's Skin Wettedness Index of ''Thermal Discomfort'' (DISC) defined in terms of the fraction of the body surface, wet with perspiration, required to regulate body temperature by evaporative cooling.
89Zr, a Radiometal Nuclide with High Potential for Molecular Imaging with PET: Chemistry, Applications and Remaining Challenges (2013)

Molecular imaging-and especially Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-is of increasing importance for the diagnosis of various diseases and thus is experiencing increasing dissemination. Consequently, there is a growing demand for appropriate PET tracers which allow for a specific accumulation in the target structure as well as its visualization and exhibit decay characteristics matching their in vivo pharmacokinetics. To meet this demand, the development of new targeting vectors as well as the use of uncommon radionuclides becomes increasingly important. Uncommon nuclides in this regard enable the utilization of various selectively accumulating bioactive molecules such as peptides, antibodies, their fragments, other proteins and artificial structures for PET imaging in personalized medicine. Among these radionuclides, 89Zr (t1/2 = 3.27 days and mean Eβ+ = 0.389 MeV) has attracted increasing attention within the last years due to its favorably long half-life, which enables imaging at late time-points, being especially favorable in case of slowly-accumulating targeting vectors. This review outlines the recent developments in the field of 89Zr-labeled bioactive molecules, their potential and application in PET imaging and beyond, as well as remaining challenges.
Fuel cells make their CPI moves (1995)

Fuel cells convert fuel gas and air electrochemically into power. The natural propensity of fuel gas at the anode side to react with air at the cathode side forces either the fuel gas or oxygen to ionize. The migration of the formed ions through the electrolyte induces an electric current, producing power. A bipolar plate segregates the reactant gases and provides an electrical connection between adjacent cells. The overall electrical efficiency of a fuel cell is 45--70% (LHV, or low heating value). The cogeneration efficiency, which also credits the additional steam and hot water produced, is 70--90% (LHV). These efficiencies are the highest of all available power-generation technologies. Most importantly, fuel cells can achieve these high efficiencies even at plant capacities as small as a few hundred kilowatts. Fuel cells are essentially pollution-free because they do not involve combustion. There are no waste-water discharges from fuel cell plants. These attributes make fuel cells ideal candidates for a new trend in power generation called distributed power generation. With distributed generation, many small scale factories, hospitals, shopping malls, hotels, airports, gas and water-pumping stations, office buildings, and other power consumers can produce their own electricity. The paper describes the three major typesmore » of fuel cells, their benefits, and their estimated cost to the chemical processing industry.« less
An augmented phase-leg configuration with shoot-through immunity and improvements for high-current operation (2004)

The augmented phase-leg configuration (APLC) features inherent immunity to shoot-through failures and a simplified gate drive circuit that eliminates the need for control dead time. This paper addresses several key design issues that must be resolved in order to successfully apply the APLC in applications with elevated current levels (>100A). The importance of minimizing key parasitic inductances is investigated, and the net reduction of the phase-leg efficiency caused by the series diode is found to be small (<1%) for bus voltages above 100 V/sub dc/. An alternative APLC topology is presented using a synchronous rectifier MOSFET that offers reduced losses by decreasing the forward conduction drop of the series diode. A combination of analysis, simulation, and experimental tests is used to confirm the basic scalability of the APLC to current levels of 100 A or higher.
Policy Networks in British Politics (1992)

This chapter describes the relationship between the approach of policy networks and pluralist and corporatist models of government-interest group relations. It discusses the development of the concept of policy networks, paying particular attention on British literature on policy networks as applied to the study of intergovernmental relations. The chapter also explores the strengths and weaknesses of two distinctly British approaches in order to identify the themes and issues which are explored in the case studies.
Netest: a tool to measure the maximum burst size, available bandwidth and achievable throughput (2003)

Distinguishing available bandwidth and achievable throughput is essential for improving network application performance. Achievable throughput is the throughput considering a number of factors such as network protocol, host speed, network path, and TCP buffer space, whereas available bandwidth only considers the network path. Without understanding this difference, trying to improve network application performance is like the "blind men feeling the elephant" problem (J. Gemmill, 2001). We define and differentiate bandwidth and throughput, and discuss which part of each is achievable and which is available. Also, we introduce and discuss a new concept, maximum burst size, that is crucial to obtaining good network performance. A new tool, netest, is introduced which is designed to help users to determine the available bandwidth. It provides information to achieve better throughput while fairly sharing the available bandwidth, thus reducing misuse of the network.
Regenerative electric power for More Electric Aircraft (2014)

The More Electric Aircraft (MEA) emphasizes the utilization of electrical power as opposed to hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical power for optimizing aircraft performance and life cycle cost. The main sources of regenerative energy in the more electric aircraft power distribution system are the aircraft actuation systems: ailerons, rudder, flaps, spoilers, horizontal stabilizers and others. Instead of dissipating the energy as heat, the regenerative electric energy from the motor drives can be stored in energy storage elements such as flywheels, ultra-capacitors and batteries. Using the Simcaps toolbox, an aileron model with the electro-mechanical actuator (EMA) is developed in Matlab/Simulink. This regenerative power system consisting of a synchronous generator, three-phase-to dc boost rectifier, EMA including an input filter, ESE and a bidirectional dc-dc converter interfacing with ESE is presented. A single-phase half-bridge bidirectional dc-dc converter is used in this configuration. Two power management control strategies are applied in this simulation study, load-leveling and load-following procedures. In both strategies, ESE compensates for the difference between the electric drive requirements and the power provided by power distribution bus. Considering some important factors, such as weight, size and durability of the ESE, the load-following control strategy appears to be the most suitable for a regenerative power system in the more electric aircraft.
High temperature, high current, p-channel UMOS 4H-SiC IGBT (2003)

Commercial silicon Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) offer an excellent balance in terms of on-state voltage drop, speed, I-V safe operating area and MOS gate control. A p-channel UMOS IGBT is suitable for fabrication in 4H-SiC because: (a) extremely low resistivity p-type substrates are not considered feasible in SiC; (b) the inherent PMOS transistor offers superior high temperature reliability; (c) a UMOS structure offers a much higher channel packing density than other structures; and (d) lower micropipe density substrates are available in 4H-SiC as compared to 6H-SiC. This paper reports the design, fabrication and high temperature characterization of the first 4H-SiC IGBT with a high current rating (1.5 A) and excellent high temperature characteristics (operating up to 350/spl deg/C).
Spectrum Sensing Using Cyclostationary Properties and Application to IEEE 802.22 WRAN (2007)

Spectrum sensing in a very low SNR environment (less than -20 dB) is considered in this paper. We make use of the noise rejection property of the cyclostationary spectrum. The sensing algorithms are based on measurement of the cyclic spectrum of the received signals. The statistics of the cyclic spectrum of the stationary white Gaussian process are fully analyzed for three measurement methods of the cyclic spectrum. The application to IEEE 802.22 WRAN is presented and the probability of false alarm is analytically derived. The operating characteristic curves for the sensing algorithms are determined from computer simulations using ATSC A/74 DTV signal captures as a test database.
The use of a quantitative differential mode delay technique to improve fiber bandwidth (1983)

Three iterations of a simple quantitative differential mode delay (DMD) technique increased the bandwidth of multimode graded-index fibers at 1300 nm from an average of 530 MHz, km to an average of 1417 MHz . km. The bandwidth at other wavelengths showed a commensurate increase.
WAAS: a security service for wireless ATM networks (2003)

Recent years have witnessed the rapid growth in demand for the use of wireless networks especially one which can transmit all services. Wireless ATM is the network that fulfils those requirements. This paper looks at the security issues in wireless ATM networks. It proposes security services in the user and control plane.
Ultrasound shear wave imaging (2000)

Shear wave propagation properties including phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are indispensable information in materials characterization and nondestructive evaluation. A computer controlled scanning shear-wave ultrasonic imaging system has been developed. It consists of a pair of focusing broadband pvdf transducers of central frequency of 50 MHz immersed in distilled water. Shear waves in a solid specimen are generated by mode-conversion. When ultrasonic waves generated by one of the pvdf transducers impinge upon a solid specimen from water with angle of incidence of θ that is greater than θcr, the critical angle of the longitudinal wave in the solid, only shear waves can propagate in the solid and longitudinal waves become evanescent waves. The shear waves pass through the specimen and received by the other pvdf transducer. Meanwhile, the specimen was scanned by a stepped motor of a step of 10 μm. The system was used to generated shear waves amplitude and phase velocity images of bone specimen of 1280 μm and they are compared with their longitudinal wave counterparts. The results have shown shear wave images can provide additional shear modulus and shear viscous information that longitudinal waves can’t provide. The lateral resolution of 60 μm was achieved using shear wave imaging technique applied in bone sample.
Conceptual design study of superconducting magnetic energy storage using high temperature superconductors. Final report (1992)

Since the discovery of high critical temperature superconductors (HTS), many predictions have been made for savings in the cost or performance of superconducting technologies for electric utility systems, such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). The higher operating temperature of HTS materials could mean the use of less expensive cryogens, such as liquid nitrogen, higher refrigeration efficiencies, greater reliability, and easier acceptance within the utility community. While all of these developments may occur, the significance of the improvements depends on the application and other characteristics of the system. Also, today`s HTS materials have some negative features, including lower critical current density and greater brittleness, compared to conventional metallic superconductors. A conceptual design for SMES using HTS has been analyzed to determine configuration parameters, refrigeration requirements, and estimated costs of major components. The study covered the energy storage range from 2 to 200 MWh at power levels from 4 to 400 MW. This range includes utility applications from transient and power stabilization to spinning reserve and load leveling. The present assessment has been carried out for cold-supported modular torus and for comparison, a cold-supported modular solenoid. The toroidal configuration was chosen for analysis because it has minimal magnetic field, which couldmore » be an advantage in locating a small unit near a utility or customer load. The comparison shows that for all cases, the solenoid is comparable in price or less expensive. However, the solenoid has a varying external magnetic field which must be accommodated. The modular approach was selected primarily as a way to wind the coil and keep the brittle oxide superconductor under compression at all operating conditions to avoid breakage.« less
Unusual structural and reactivity types for copper(I). Synthesis and structural and redox properties of binuclear copper(I) complexes which are probably three coordinate in solution and experience intermolecular metal-metal interactions in the solid state (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual structural and reactivity types for copper(I). Synthesis and structural and redox properties of binuclear copper(I) complexes which are probably three coordinate in solution and experience intermolecular metal-metal interactions in the solid stateRobert R. Gagne, Robert P. Kreh, and John A. DodgeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 23, 6917–6927Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00517a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00517a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Prediction Model for Tiered Accuracy Requirements in Large-scale Object Tracking Sensor Networks (2010)

In large-scale object tracking wireless sensor networks, multiple mobile nodes will bring large amount of communication overheads in maintaining the accuracy of localization tracking, which would possibly affect the collection and dissemination of the tracking data, seriously. Existing seminar works purely focus on achieving optimal tracking accuracy and suffer from large amount of protocol overhead, due to lacking of adaptations on various accuracy requirements for different tracking applications. In this paper, we propose a prediction based object tracking protocol for tiered accuracy requirements. The tired accuracy requirements are perceived by each entity so as to establish a unified predicted model for the moving objects and the sink nodes. Moreover, the network entities could share the corresponding model parameters to others related, thus, all the interested entities use the same model to predict the moving objects and the corresponded sink location, so as to achieve a precise location. In this approach, the system achieves efficient data distribution and information sharing to reduce communication overheads, such that tiered application requirements are satisfied. An optimal model on vehicular mobility in analytical form is made, employing the trace generated by kinematic model and the data collected in real experiments. In that, we set up a simulation environment in evaluating our protocol using Qualnet, a validated commercial simulation platform. Simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm can effectively improve network efficiency and successfully satisfy different level of application requirements.
Transition from Passive to Active Targeting of Oral Insulin Nanomedicines: Enhancement in Bioavailability and Glycemic Control in Diabetes (2016)

Oral insulin nanomedicines are effective tools for therapy and management of both Type I and Type II diabetes. This review summarizes the various nanocarriers developed so far in the literature for oral delivery of insulin. It includes lipid-based (i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes) and polymeric-based insulin nanomedicines (i.e., chitosan nanoparticles, alginate nanoparticles, dextran nanoparticles and nanoparticles of synthetic polymers) for sustained, controlled and targeted oral delivery of insulin. Mainly, goblet cell-targeting, vitamin B12 receptor-targeting, folate receptor-targeting and transferrin receptor-targeting aspects were focused. Currently, passive and active targeting approaches of oral insulin nanomedicines have improved the oral absorption of insulin and its bioavailability (up to 14%) that produced effective glycaemic control in in vivo models. These results indicate a promising future of oral insulin nanomedicines for the treatment of diabetes.