gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Escherichia coli proU promoter element and its contribution to osmotically signaled transcription activation (1994)

The proU operon of Escherichia coli encodes a high-affinity glycine betaine transport system which is osmotically inducible and enables the organism to recover from the deleterious effects of hyperosmotic shock. Regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. KMnO4 footprinting showed that the preponderance of transcription initiated at a single primary promoter region and that proU transcription activation did not occur differentially at alternate promoters in response to various levels of salt shock. Mutational analysis confirmed the location of the primary promoter and identified an extended -10 region required for promoter activity. Specific nucleotides within the spacer, between position -10 and position -35, were important for maximal expression, but every mutant which retained transcriptional activity remained responsive to osmotic signals. A chromosomal 90-bp minimal promoter fragment fused to lacZ was not significantly osmotically inducible. However, transcription from this fragment was resistant to inhibition by salt shock. A mutation in osmZ, which encodes the DNA-binding protein H-NS, derepressed wild-type proU expression by sevenfold but did not alter expression from the minimal promoter. The current data support a model in which the role of the proU promoter is to function efficiently at high ionic strength while other cis-acting elements receive and respond to the osmotic signal.
Variants of Nijmegen breakage syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia. (1993)

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectasia, progressive ataxia, sinopulmonary infections and a combined immunodeficiency (usually consisting of IgA deficiency, IgE deficiency, IgG2 and IgG4 deficiency and a disturbed T cell immunity). The alpha-fetoprotein level is elevated. Cytogenetic studies reveal a very specific chromosome instability with multiple chromosome 7 and/or 14 rearrangements (preferential breakpoints 14q32, 14q12, 7q35 and 7p12). X-ray hypersensitivity is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS), an autosomal recessive disorder with some features of AT, was first reported in 1981. At this moment at least 19 patients have been recognized. Clinical symptoms are microcephaly from birth, a peculiar face, growth retardation, repeated respiratory tract infections and renal abnormalities. Immunological, cytogenetic and cell-biological findings in NBS are identical to AT. However, alpha-fetoprotein levels are not increased. A tendency toward malignancy has been demonstrated in both syndromes. Recently, we encountered three patients with variants of these syndromes.
A novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence system for the determination of guanine (2005)

A novel flow-injection chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of guanine was developed. The procedure is based on the CL reaction of guanine with hydrogen peroxide in borax buffer (pH 8.5) with Co2+ as a catalyst. The calibration graph is linear within the range of 3 x 10(-7)-9 x 10(-5) g/mL. A detection limit of 1 x 10(-7) g/mL, along with a relative standard deviation of 2.23% (3 x 10(-7) g/mL guanine, n = 11), were obtained. The present procedure was applied to the measurement of guanine in urine with recoveries of 97.5-107.5%. A possible CL mechanism of the reaction system is proposed.
Physiological Responses to Events during Training (2013)

Understanding the role of physiological responses within the behavioral, cognitive, and affective domains of a training intervention are an important step towards designing augmented adaptive systems that respond to the learner’s cognitive and affective states. Multiple studies have shown that specific affective states are related to learning (Craig, Graesser, Sullins, & Gholson, 2004; Graesser & D’ Mello, 2011; Kort, Reilly, & Picard, 2001). This paper explores trainees’ skin conductance responses to specific behavioral events and theorized cognitive and affective events, and their relationship to learning during a training session within the programming domain. A series of independent samples t-tests revealed that students who exhibited a skin conductance response (SCR) to the behavioral event of compile begins, as well as to affective events of displays of uncertainty, negative feedback, and minimizations of failure had significantly higher learning gain and post-test scores than students who did not exhibit a SCR to these events. These findings provide a step towards understanding the relationship between the physiological measure of skin conductance and affective experiences of the learner in the course of events during a training session, and inform the design of adaptive training and learning systems.
Alias Lock Behavior of Sampled-Data Costas Loops (1980)

The potential false lock problem associated with the sampled data type of Costas loop implementation is addressed in this paper. The term "alias lock" is used here to differentiate this type of false lock behavior from the data sideband false lock behavior of analog Costas loops [1]-[8]. It is shown that the sampled-data version of the conventional Costas loop, sampled at a rate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/T_{s}</tex> , can alias lock at frequencies that are multiples of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2T_{s}</tex> away from the carrier frequency. It is also shown that the alias lock problem of the sampled data version of the Costas loop with hard-limited in-phase channel is further Compounded by the potential occurrence of false lock frequencies at rational multiples of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2T_{s}</tex> , away from the carrier. The false lock <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> -curves of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I-Q</tex> loops and decision-directed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I-Q</tex> loops are investigated in detail, with and without additive noise. Close agreement between theory and earlier experimental results is also demonstrated.
Doxorubicin retention and chemoresistance in human mesothelioma cell lines (1994)

Eight cell lines were established from the pleural effusion of 4 patients with malignant mesothelioma. The most sensitive (FCCMES-4) and the most resistant (FCCMES-2) mesothelioma cell lines had IC50 of 0.66 and 1.85 microM for doxorubicin in clonogenic assays, respectively. In comparison with murine leukemic P388 cells, mesothelioma cell lines were 7.5- to 21-fold more resistant to doxorubicin. Co-incubation with verapamil significantly increased doxorubicin retention in one of the cell lines (FCCMES-2) expressing P-glycoprotein in 16.8% of the cells. These results indicate that doxorubicin resistance may be intrinsic in refractory mesothelioma patients and P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux may be involved in resistance of some of the mesotheliomas.
Antitumor Activities of Ellagitannins against Sarcoma-180 in Mice. (1993)

Forty-five ellagitannins and related compounds were intraperitoneally injected into mice once, 4 d before intraperitoneal inoculation of S-180 cells, and their antitumor activities were evaluated. When an antitumor-active tannin was defined as one producing a 70% increase or more in the mean life span of mice or one regressor out of six mice, twenty-one ellagitannins were active. Among monomeric ellagitannins, tellimagrandin II was most active. Most of the oligomeric ellagitannins, consisting of tellimagrandins I and II as the monomer unit, had a significant antitumor activity. Macrocyclic ellagitannins were all active. Oenothein B, among them, had the most potent antitumor activity. In contrast, ellagitannins containing a casuarictin or potentillin moiety in their molecules, except for extensively oligomerized ones, showed very low or negligible activity. These results suggest that tannins need the ellagitannin monomer units, having galloyl groups at the O-2 and O-3 positions on the glucose core(s), such as tellimagrandins, in order to exhibit a strong antitumor activity.
Bottom-up/top-down image parsing by attribute graph grammar (2005)

In this paper, we present an attribute graph grammar for image parsing on scenes with man-made objects, such as buildings, hallways, kitchens, and living moms. We choose one class of primitives - 3D planar rectangles projected on images and six graph grammar production rules. Each production rule not only expands a node into its components, but also includes a number of equations that constrain the attributes of a parent node and those of its children. Thus our graph grammar is context sensitive. The grammar rules are used recursively to produce a large number of objects and patterns in images and thus the whole graph grammar is a type of generative model. The inference algorithm integrates bottom-up rectangle detection which activates top-down prediction using the grammar rules. The final results are validated in a Bayesian framework. The output of the inference is a hierarchical parsing graph with objects, surfaces, rectangles, and their spatial relations. In the inference, the acceptance of a grammar rule means recognition of an object, and actions are taken to pass the attributes between a node and its parent through the constraint equations associated with this production rule. When an attribute is passed from a child node to a parent node, it is called bottom-up, and the opposite is called top-down.
High‐Performance Flexible Transparent Electrode with an Embedded Metal Mesh Fabricated by Cost‐Effective Solution Process (2016)

A new structure of flexible transparent electrodes is reported, featuring a metal mesh fully embedded and mechanically anchored in a flexible substrate, and a cost-effective solution-based fabrication strategy for this new transparent electrode. The embedded nature of the metal-mesh electrodes provides a series of advantages, including surface smoothness that is crucial for device fabrication, mechanical stability under high bending stress, strong adhesion to the substrate with excellent flexibility, and favorable resistance against moisture, oxygen, and chemicals. The novel fabrication process replaces vacuum-based metal deposition with an electrodeposition process and is potentially suitable for high-throughput, large-volume, and low-cost production. In particular, this strategy enables fabrication of a high-aspect-ratio (thickness to linewidth) metal mesh, substantially improving conductivity without considerably sacrificing transparency. Various prototype flexible transparent electrodes are demonstrated with transmittance higher than 90% and sheet resistance below 1 ohm sq(-1) , as well as extremely high figures of merit up to 1.5 × 10(4) , which are among the highest reported values in recent studies. Finally using our embedded metal-mesh electrode, a flexible transparent thin-film heater is demonstrated with a low power density requirement, rapid response time, and a low operating voltage.
Chromogranin A (1984)

Mammalian adrenal medullary tissue is composed of endocrine secretory units called chromaffin cells. These cells synthesize and store catecholamines and release them in response to neural impulses carried in the splanchnic nerves. The designation "chromaffin," which implies an affinity for chrome, is derived from histopathology and refers to a characteristic darkening that occurs when tissues rich in chromaffin cells are exposed to aqueous solutions of potassium dichromate. It is now recognized that this peculiar darkening is caused by oxidation of the large quantities of catecholamines contained within the chromaffin cells and by the subsequent polymerization of the oxidized catecholamine derivatives . . .
A study on the THD reduction of single phase 2 level inverter for grid connection for ship (2014)

Abstract: There are 440V and 220V electric source in ship. A 440V source is used to drive the power sys-tem such as crane and winch on deck and pump in engine room, and a 220V source is used to drive the power source for residential zones, control devices in engine room. In this paper, we made single phase in-verter system for grid connection with 220V source for ship, and analyzed THD(Total harmonic distortion) by variation of parameters of L-C low pass filter and deadtime of inverter switching. Keywords: Grid-connection, Inverter system, Total harmonic distortion 1. 서 론 미래의 전기에너지는 기후변화문제의 심화와 화석연료의 부족으로 신재생 에너지(Renewable en-ergy)에 의존하는 비중이 높아질 것이다. 신재생에너지는 풍력,파력,해양에너지,연료전지,태양열,태양광발전 등의 재생 가능한 에너지를 변환하여 얻게 된다. 선박에서도 이들 에너지를 이용한 전기에너지의 생산이 가능할 것이다.선박은 대부분이 3 대 이상의 발전기를 가지고 있다. 이들 발전기로부터 생산된 440V 3상 전원은 갑판 위 또는 기관실내의 주요 동력원으로 사용되며, 변압기를 거쳐 220V 전원으로 감압된 단상전원은 각종 제어장치나 선내 주거구역의 일반전원으로 사용된다. 재생 가능한 에너지 중에서 태양전지를 이용한 전기에너지의 생산은 선박에서도 가능할 것이다. 다만 선박의 구조상 대형 전지를 장착하는 것은 곤란하다 [1][2] .본 논문에서는 선박에서의 에너지 절감을 위하여 주거구역 내에서 사용이 가능한 소형 100W급 단상 전력변환기를 제작하여 계통연계의 가장 중요한 요소인 THD를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 분석하였다.
Sensor fusion for synthetic vision (1991)

Display methodologies are explored for fusing images gathered by millimeter wave sensors with images rendered from an on-board terrain data base to facilitate visually guided flight and ground operations in low visibility conditions. An approach to fusion based on multiresolution image representation and processing is described which facilitates fusion of images differing in resolution within and between images. To investigate possible fusion methods, a workstation-based simulation environment is being developed.
Implementation and evaluation of bot detection scheme based on data transmission intervals (2010)

Botnet is one of the most considerable issues in the world. A host infected with a bot is used for collecting personal information, launching DoS attacks, sending spam e-mail and so on. If such a machine exists in an organizational network, that organization will lose its reputation. We have to detect these bots existing in organizational networks immediately. Several network-based bot detection methods have been proposed; however, some traditional methods using payload analysis or signature-based detection scheme are undesirable in large amount of traffic. Also there is a privacy issue with looking into payloads, so we have to develop another scheme that is independent of payload analysis. In this paper, we propose a bot detection method which focuses on data transmission intervals. We distinguish human-operated clients and bots by their network behaviors. We assumed that a bot communicates with C&C server periodically and each interval of data transmission will be the same. We found that we can detect such behaviors by using clustering analysis to these intervals. We implemented our proposed algorithm and evaluated by testing normal IRC traffic and bot traffic captured in our campus network. We found that our method could detect IRC-based bots with low false positives.
NYLON TREATMENT OF BEER (1960)

The application is discussed of the use of nylon to adsorb anthocyanogens from beer and so to prolong its shelf life. Nylon used for this purpose must be free from water-soluble material and must possess appropriate filtration characteristics. A logarithmic relation exists between anthocyanogen removal and amount of nylon used, which makes it important to decide what degree of removal is required, this decision being also governed by the influence of too rigorous treatment on other beer characters. Shelf life is not necessarily inversely correlated with anthocyanogen content, but whatever the anthocyanogen content nylon treatment improves keeping qualities; nylon treatment cannot obviate the effects of excess air in the container, but it can increase shelf life even when excess air is present. Satisfactory results have been achieved by a dosing treatment followed by filtration, and recovery of the nylon and re-activation seem to present no great difficulties.
Speedup Techniques for the Stochastic on-time Arrival Problem (2012)

We consider the stochastic on-time arrival (SOTA) routing problem of finding a routing policy that maximizes the probability of reaching a given destination within a pre-specified time budget in a road network with probabilistic link travel-times. The goal of this work is to provide a theoretical understanding of the SOTA problem and present efficient computational techniques to enable the development of practical applications for stochastic routing. We present multiple speedup techniques that include a label-setting algorithm based on the existence of a minimal link travel-time on each road link, advanced convolution methods centered on the Fast Fourier Transform and the idea of zero-delay convolution, and localization techniques for determining an optimal order of policy computation. We describe the algorithms for each speedup technique and analyze their impact on computation time. We also analyze the behavior of the algorithms as a function of the network topology and present numerical results to demonstrate this. Finally, experimental results are provided for the San Francisco Bay Area arterial road network to show how the algorithms would work in an operational setting.
Network monitoring and analysis expert system (1990)

The Space Flight Operations Center (SFOC) Network Monitoring and Analysis Tool (SNMAT), is a rule-based, prototype expert system designed to assist the operations personnel of the SFOC data system in monitoring the status of the network and in detecting and isolating network and system faults. The main objectives of this tool are: (1) to perform data analysis using advanced user interface techniques; (2) to provide expert advice for resolving network and system faults; and (3) to allow the use of the tool for training operations personnel. As long term benefits, it is anticipated that the tool will promote maximum usage of the network, reduce problem solving time, and assist in operator training. The functionality of the SNMAT program is described, along with some lessons learned through adapting artificial intelligence techniques to an operational environment.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Inhibits B Cell Differentiation (2015)

The role of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) in mediating the immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has been reported in several studies. However, how MSC-derived IL1RA influences the host response has not been clearly investigated. We therefore derived MSCs from the bone marrow of IL1RA knockout mice and evaluated their immunosuppressive effect on different immune cell subsets. IL1RA deficient (IL1RA(-/-) ) or wild type (wt) MSCs inhibited to the same extend the proliferation of T lymphocytes. On the contrary, IL1RA(-/-) MSCs were less effective than wt MSCs to induce in vitro the macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype secreting IL10 and exerting a suppressive effect on CD4(+) T cells. Moreover compared with wt MSCs, IL1RA(-/-) MSCs did not efficiently support the survival of quiescent B lymphocytes and block their differentiation toward CD19(+) CD138(+) plasmablasts secreting IgG antibodies. The effectiveness of IL1RA secreted by MSCs in controlling inflammation was further shown in vivo using the collagen-induced arthritis murine model. MSCs lacking IL1RA expression were unable to protect mice from arthritic progression and even worsened clinical signs, as shown by higher arthritic score and incidence than control arthritic mice. IL1RA(-/-) MSCs were not able to decrease the percentage of Th17 lymphocytes and increase the percentage of Treg cells as well as decreasing the differentiation of B cells toward plasmablasts. Altogether, our results provide evidence of the key role of IL1RA secreted by MSCs to both control the polarization of macrophages toward a M2 phenotype and inhibit B cell differentiation in vivo.
Performance investigation of a new renewable energy‐based carbon dioxide capturing system with aqueous ammonia (2019)

In this study, a novel wind energy-based carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing system is developed and investigated for practical applications to reduce environmental emissions. The aqueous ammonia-based capturing technology is utilized. Wind turbines are used to operate the onsite ammonia synthesis as well as hydrogen production. The proton exchange membrane electrolysis system is considered for hydrogen production and the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis technique is utilized. The developed system is modeled in Aspen Plus software. The system performance for CO2 capture is studied through economic, energy, and exergy perspectives. The CO2 capture cost is evaluated to be between 0.1 and 0.23 $/kg CO2. Furthermore, the system CO2 capture rate is determined to be 3.5 kg/s. Moreover, for a unit mass of CO2 captured, the energy consumption is found to be 640.1 kg CO2/MWh. Several parametric studies are also conducted to analyze the effects of varying operating conditions on the system performance.
Sequential debugging at a high level of abstraction (1991)

Efforts to build a better mousetrap for bugs in sequential programs are described. The resulting debugger, called Dalek, is intended to remedy limitations in conventional execution harnesses. Beyond the simple 'stop and look' features offered by typical breakpoint debuggers, Dalek offers a rich control and query language. Dalek's linguistic capabilities for treating sequences of program events offer an improvement over scratch paper as a compensatory technology for human memory limitations. Example applications are given. The very interactive, dynamic style of debugging encouraged by Dalek is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HSIP: A Novel Task Scheduling Algorithm for Heterogeneous Computing (2016)

High-performance heterogeneous computing systems are achieved by the use of efficient application scheduling algorithms. However, most of the current algorithms have low efficiency in scheduling. Aiming at solving this problem, we propose a novel task scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous computing named HSIP (heterogeneous scheduling algorithm with improved task priority) whose functionality relies on three pillars: (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>) an improved task priority strategy based on standard deviation with improved magnitude as computation weight and communication cost weight to make scheduling priority more reasonable; (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>) an entry task duplication selection policy to make the makespan shorter; and (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>) an improved idle time slots (ITS) insertion-based optimizing policy to make the task scheduling more efficient. We evaluate our proposed algorithm on randomly generated DAGs, using some real application DAGs by comparison with some classical scheduling algorithms. According to the experimental results, our proposed algorithm appears to perform better than other algorithms in terms of schedule length ratio, efficiency, and frequency of best results.