gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of process chains and production plants using hybrid, AI- and simulation based general process models (2001)

The paper describes a novel approach for generating multipurpose models of machining operations, combining machine learning and search techniques. A block-oriented framework for modelling and optimisation of process chains is introduced and its applicability is shown by the results of the optimisation of cutting processes. The paper illustrates how the framework can support the simulationbased optimisation of whole production plants. The benefits of substituting the time-consuming simulation by ANN models are also outlined. The applicability of the proposed solution is demonstrated by the results of an industrial project where the task was to optimise the size spectrum of the ordered raw material at a plant producing one- and multi-layered printed wires.
D(—)–Lactic Acid Producing Probiotics, D(—)–Lactic Acidosis and Infants (2004)

There is mounting evidence that ingestion of selected probiotics can modify disease morbidity for specific conditions affecting humans, and there is growing interest in the amelioration or prevention of disease with probiotics. Modulation in gene expression of the cellular elements of the intestinal mucosa and interbacterial interactions are leading theories as to the mechanism whereby probiotics can effect benefit for the host. Furthermore, gene-environmental interactions are considered to be important in the development of disease in those at genetic risk. With the intestinal tract harbouring large numbers of bacteria, alteration of the microbial environment with probiotic microbes is being considered as a controllable factor that may limit disease expression for those at genetic risk. This reasoning has led to interest in the administration of probiotics to infants. However, there are significant developmental changes occurring in many organ systems from the time of parturition and during the first months of life. Because there is little in the published scientific medical literature regarding the effects of long-term administration of probiotics to infants, potential problems must be considered; one such issue is that of administration of D(-)-lactate-producing probiotics. An appraisal of the current knowledge of this potential adverse effect is the subject of this communication.
Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics for a Modeled Fluid (1972)

This article presents a general study of a two-dimensional fluid model with microscopic discrete velocities. The rather unusual properties of this model lead to precise thermodynamical laws. The Navier-Stokes hydrodynamical equations are obtained, which contain a transport coefficient given by a Green-Kubo integral, and it is shown that this integral does not converge for a reason common to all two-dimensional fluids.
Immunohistochemical study on hepatic tumors--KM01 stains compared with AFP, CEA, CA19-9 and RAS P21. (1991)

Pathological diagnosis of hepatic tumors is sometimes difficult when performed with only routine examinations such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E.) stain. The diagnostic usefulness of KM01 was compared to that of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9 and ras p21 in this immunohistochemical study. AFP was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma, and AFP-positive cells were frequently found at the periphery of acini in both diseases. Absorbed CEA stain was mostly negative in hepatocellular carcinoma, but was positive in the cells of mixed hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma (MHCC) and metastatic liver cancer, especially in their cytoplasm. CA19-9 immunostaining was completely negative, and was only 3% positive in hepatocellular carcinoma. KM01 stain was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma and MHCC. It was positive in proliferated bile ducts around the capsule in the former two diseases but positive in the tumor cell of both parts of the cytoplasm in the latter. The histological positivity of ras p21 was high in all tumor cells of these three types of tumors. Negative absorbed CEA and KM01 in pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma differentiated from MHCC and metastatic liver cancer. However these tumor markers were occasionally positive and nonspecific in cancer-like lesions, implying no advantage for differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and apparent cancer-like lesions. The above results demonstrate that AFP, CEA and KM01 are effective for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma among various hepatic tumors.
The growth of chondrocytes into a fibronectin-coated biodegradable scaffold (2001)

Porous scaffolds made from a biodegradable copolymer of trimethylene carbonate and glycolide were evaluated for tissue-engineered medical products. We examined the scaffold coated with cell adhesion protein and fibronectin and cultured under a dynamic mixing condition to enhance the growth of chondrocytes. Our hypothesis was that the combination of coating and dynamic mixing would be beneficial to the viability of the chondrocytic cells. Fibronectin was selected as the model protein because of its availability and routine assaying methods. Sterile samples of scaffolds of about 1 mm in thickness were coated with fibronectin at 37 degrees C for 1.5 h. Four groups of scaffolds were used: uncoated static or dynamic, and coated static or dynamic. Scaffold samples were placed in either a Petri dish or a spinner flask (static vs. dynamic groups) after inoculation with rat chondrocytes of an initial cell density of 1.29 x 10(5) cell/mL. After 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, each sample was fixed, embedded, and sectioned at 5 micro thickness. The sections were double-label immunostained using antibodies against cellular fibronectin synthesized by adherent cells as a measure of cell viability. A Hoechst 33258 nuclear stain was used to measure the number of cells attached to the scaffold at each time interval. The slides were examined using a fluorescence microscope to determine the cell ingrowth. At least 25 fields/treatment group (except the 7 day group) were measured. The data showed that cell in-growths into the porous scaffolds were higher at all time periods for the coated dynamic group than those for the other three groups.
An Infectious DNA Clone of HIV Type 1 Subtype C (1999)

Among the 10 subtypes of the M group of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, subtype C is the most prevalent in India and may dominate worldwide in the near future; however, there has been no report on the infectious DNA clone of this subtype. We have isolated an infectious DNA clone of the 93IN101 strain of HIV-1 subtype C, which was isolated in India in 1993. MAGIC5 cells, which are derived from HeLa-CD4-LTR-beta-gal (MAGI) cells and express CCR5, were inoculated with the 93IN101 strain of HIV-1 subtype C. The genomic DNA of the infected cells was used as a template for amplification of the HIV-1 genome. The genome DNA obtained was subcloned into pBR322, and the resulting plasmid was designated as pIndie-C1. The insert of pIndie-C1 was 9680 bp in length and had an intact genomic organization with open reading frames of all structural, regulatory, and accessory proteins. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the nucleotide sequence of pIndie-C1 is closely related to those of HIV-1 subtype C isolated in India. Transfection of pIndie-C1 into 293T cells yielded as much virus as did pNL432, one of the most widely used HIV DNA clones. The recovered Indie-C1 virus infected MAGIC5 but not the parent MAGI cells, indicating that Indie-C1 is CCR5 tropic. Expressed Env protein was reacted efficiently with the sera of HIV-1-infected patients of India, but not of Japan. Expression of Nef and Vpr was also confirmed by immunoblotting.
Oxidative Halogenation of Aromatic Compounds with Metal Halides and Sodium Bismuthate (2003)

Abstract A new mild and efficient method for aromatic halogenation with a wide variety of halides in the presence of sodium bismuthate NaBO 3 in AcOH is reported. Metal halides of groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa, Va, and the first row of transition elements are suitable for this method.
Evidence that supramolecular Congo red is the sole ligation form of this dye for L chain lambda derived amyloid proteins. (2001)

The mechanism of Congo red binding to amyloid protein was studied in order to establish which of two structural dye versions present in water solutions--unimolecular and supramolecular--represent its actual ligation form. Immunoglobulin L chain lambda of amyloidogenic nature, expressed by Congo red binding and easy gel formation, was used as the model amyloid protein. Congo red was coassembled with rhodamine B, designed to be a marker of the Congo red micellar organisation in complexation with protein. The particular suitability of rhodamine B for this role results from significant difference in its binding affinity to Congo red and to protein. It associates readily with Congo red, becoming incorporated into its micellar organisation, but as homogenous dye it shows an almost complete inability to bind to protein. In view of these properties, Congo red was used as a vehicle to draw rhodamine B into complexation with protein, at the same time supplying evidence of its supramolecular ligation form. The results show that both soluble amyloid precursor L chain and the derived gel material attach rhodamine B coassembled with Congo red but not the homogenous rhodamine B. Despite its dynamic, supramolecular character, Congo red participates in complexation with amyloid proteins as an integral ligand unit.
Generation of leukotriene C4 from a subclass of mast cells differentiated in vitro from mouse bone marrow. (1982)

Bone marrow-derived mast cells, differentiated in vitro, demonstrate surface IgE, receptors and contain histamine in metachromatic granules, which are composed of chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan rather than heparin proteoglycan. Activation of this subclass of mast cells with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in generation of immunoreactive C-6-sulfidopeptide leukotriene in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Isolation of immunoreactive C-6-sulfldopeptide leukotriene by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) revealed a retention time and a specific biologic activity identical to those of synthetic leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Neither radiolabeled nor immunoreactive conversion products of [3H]LTC4/LTC4 were recognized during RP-HPLC resolution of the supernatants. The failure of fresh bone marrow cultures to generate C-6-sulfidopeptide leukotriene in response to ionophore indicates that leukotriene generation is dependent upon cellular differentiation into a mast cell population. The amount of LTC4 generated during optimal ionophore stimulation, 90.9 +/- 7.5 ng per 10(6) cells, contrasts with the relatively low amounts of C-6-sulfidopeptide leukotriene generated by the conventional heparin-containing rat mast cells or mouse mastocytoma cells.
MMI-Based Optimal LBP Code Selection for Face Recognition (2009)

Many variants of local binary patterns (LBPs) are widely used for face analysis due to their inherent simplicity and robustness. However, it has not yet been proven that LBPsare optimal for this task in regards to achieving the best balance between minimizing code numbers and reducing classification error. We propose an effective code selection method for selecting optimal LBP (OLBP) based on the maximization of mutual information (MMI) between features and class labels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed OLBP through several face recognition experiments. Experimental results show that the OLBP outperforms other features such as LBP, ULBP, and MCT in terms of minimizing the number of codes and reducing the classification error.
A portable 24-GHz auditory radar for non-contact speech sensing with background noise rejection and directional discrimination (2016)

This paper presents a portable 24-GHz auditory radar system for non-contact robust speech information sensing. To measure the tiny vibration on human throat induced by vocal cords, a high operating frequency and a pair of 4×4 antenna arrays are utilized to achieve high sensitivity. Experiments under high-level background noise and voice interference are carried out. Compared with the microphone-detected results, the developed radar system can accurately acquire high-resolution time-varying speech information with good noise rejection and directional discrimination.
Do Practice Guidelines Guide Practice? (1989)

Guidelines for medical practice can contribute to improved care only if they succeed in moving actual practice closer to the behaviors the guidelines recommend. To assess the effect of such guidelines, we surveyed hospitals and obstetricians in Ontario before and after the release of a widely distributed and nationally endorsed consensus statement recommending decreases in the use of cesarean sections. These surveys, along with discharge data from hospitals reflecting actual practice, revealed that most obstetricians (87 to 94 percent) were aware of the guidelines and that most (82.5 to 85 percent) agreed with them. Attitudes toward the use of cesarean section were congruent with the recommendations even before their release. One third of the hospitals and obstetricians reported changing their practice as a consequence of the guidelines, and obstetricians reported rates of cesarean section in women with a previous cesarean section that were significantly reduced, in keeping with the recommendations (from 72.2 percent to 61.1 percent; P less than 0.01). The surveys also showed, however, that knowledge of the content of the recommendations was poor (67 percent correct responses). Furthermore, data on actual practice after the publication of the guidelines showed that the rates of cesarean section were 15 to 49 percent higher than the rates reported by obstetricians, and they showed only a slight change from the previous upward trend. We conclude that guidelines for practice may predispose physicians to consider changing their behavior, but that unless there are other incentives or the removal of disincentives, guidelines may be unlikely to effect rapid change in actual practice. We believe that incentives should operate at the local level, although they may include system-wide economic changes.
Discrete Modeling and Simulation of Business Processes Using Event Logs (2014)

An approach to business process modelling for short term KPI prediction, based on event logs and values of environment variables, is proposed. Ready-for-simulation process model is built semi-automatically, expert only inputs desired environ ment variab les, which are used as features during the learning process. Process workflow is extracted as a Petri Net model using a combination of process mining algorithms. Dependencies between features and process variables are formalized using decision and regression trees techniques. Experiments were conducted to predict KPIs of real companies.
Multifunctional robot to maintain boiler water-cooling tubes (2009)

SUMMARY A robot has been developed to maintain boiler water-cooling tubes. This robot has a double tracked moving mechanism, an ash cleaning device, a slag purging device, a tubes' thickness measurement device, a marking device, and a control system. This robot can climb up and down the tube wall. A method for the robot to complete many tasks for boiler maintenance in one process cycle is presented. The mechanism of the robot is described. Especially, a kind of special magnetic block structure is designed to obtain strong adhering force using permanent magnets. Experiments in laboratory and real thermal power station have verified that the robot cannot only climb on the surface of the tube wall smoothly, but also take heavy payloads for boiler maintenance operation.
A new capability for creation of MLS ATM LANs and WANs (2002)

ATM data networks are being implemented by the DoD in an effort to provide the high throughput needed to satisfy emerging user missions. End-to-end network encryption has become available in the form of the FASTLANE (KG-75) in-line ATM encryptor. This device operates at speeds up to 622 Mbps and is approved by the National Security Agency for use with data of all security levels up to and including TS/SCI. Though FASTLANE is being developed to be a multi-level secure (MLS) device, there has been no device available that could feed it MLS data. This causes an economic and operational penalty for users in that they must use traditional secure network architectures which employ a separate encryptor for each security level of data being processed. We report in this paper on a prototype device that has been demonstrated to provide the secure MLS multiplexing of ATM data streams needed in allowing a single FASTLANE to provide MLS encryption services.
An unusual bicyclic oxidation product of dithizone (1969)

The oxidation of dithizone [3-mercapto-1,5-diphenylformazan, C13H12N4S, (I); R = SH] under alkaline conditions to a sydnone, C13H10N4S (II), is reversible; however under acid conditions elimination of a proton from the ortho-position of one of the phenyl residues leads to a purple isomer with a new bicyclic ring system (IV), the structure of which has been established by X-ray structure analysis.
Anti-dsDNA antibody avidity determination by a simple reliable ELISA method for SLE diagnosis and monitoring (2003)

High avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies are more specific for SLE diagnosis, and more closely associated with renal involvement than intermediate or low-affinity anti-dsDNA antibodies. ELISA methods are largely used to detect anti-dsDNA, but their high sensitivity is inversely related to specificity because they also detect low avidity antibodies. We developed an ELISA assay based on the law of mass action and the competitive binding of dsDNA in solution and coated to microwells with anti-dsDNA antibodies. A simplified Scatchard plot analysis system was used to measure anti-dsDNA antibody avidity which was expressed as apparent affinity constant (Kaa), and quantified in liters per unit (I/U). We prospectively studied 101 consecutive SLE patients, who were followed for 3 years; three serum samples were sequentially collected from each patient during follow-up for determination of IgG anti-dsDNA antibody concentration, and anti-dsDNA avidity. SLE disease activity was estimated using the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measure (ECLAM) index. Sera from 100 healthy subjects and 133 patients with other connective tissue diseases or infectious diseases were also assayed as controls. The mean Kaa in SLE patients was 65.2 +/- 47.3 l/U, with no variations over time. Anti-dsDNA-positive SLE patients had higher Kaa values (79.1 +/- 46.8) than anti-dsDNA negative patients (27.2 +/- 20.1; P < 0.001). No correlation emerged between anti-dsDNA avidity and the ECLAM activity index score. Avidity was significantly higher in patients with renal involvement vs patients without this complication (78.2 +/- 50 vs 59.9 +/- 45.6 l/U; P = 0.0013). This simple ELISA method could be very useful in the diagnostic phase to differentiate high avidity anti-dsDNA autoantibodies that are characteristically found in SLE patients from low avidity antibodies that can also be found in other inflammatory diseases. Moreover, our data confirm the predictive value of high avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies for the development of lupus nephritis.
The third ten years of the World Health Organization: 1968–1977 (2010)

Important institutions deserve a historical record and at the same time have the obligation to provide their constituents with an account of their purpose and achievements. The World Health Organization (WHO) is such an institution and it has recently published a record of its third decade, reviewing its activities from 1968 to 1977.

Based almost entirely on WHO publications, this is an invaluable summary of what happened within the Organization during those years. This book provides brief notes on the contemporary activities of all the departments, programmes, World Health Assembly decisions, Executive Board meetings, Expert Committee discussions and other matters concerning the Organization and world health. It helps the reader see rapidly what was happening then and saves him or her from consulting the mountain of Official Records, a search that could still be done easily as all the recorded facts are fully referenced. Being a “record of records”, as the author states, this book is a digest that provides researchers, staff and health ministries with a handy information tool about WHO, in particular about its third decade.

But this facility also constitutes its relative weakness. In its care to summarize the records, there is no attempt for analysis nor a search for trends, interrelationships or interactions. This obviously was a deliberate decision, as it is stated that “the advantages of hindsight have been firmly resisted” and “no effort has been made to look forward in time to assess successes or failures”. This singular approach to history is a marked departure from the original idea of the 10-yearly volumes. In the first issue (1948–1958), the then Director-General noted that “… an effort has been made not only to review the history of these past ten years but also to place the events of that period against the background of previous achievements, and to indicate the broad lines along which future activities could develop”. The present volume’s limitation to a “record of records” does provide the bones and material for a history but does not write the history of this now historically mature sexagenarian Organization.

The 14 chapters of the book touch upon the entire field of WHO’s work, some more extensively than others. The highlights of the decade are well recorded and the initial steps for smallpox eradication rightly receive special mention. Perhaps the best rendition is in the epilogue, which gives an excellent account of Alma-Ata: the international conference on primary health care that, paradoxically, falls outside the decade in question. It provides inspiration and sufficient analyses to make one yearn for more and to make it worth owning the book.
Pseudolinearization of the acrobot using spline functions (2005)

The authors present an algorithm for the construction of approximation to both the nonlinear control and coordinate transformation under which a single-input nonlinear system has a linear tangent model independent of its operating point. Substituting spline approximations for functions that can be difficult to compute yields a stable closed-loop system with an arbitrarily small deterioration in performance. The approximate pseudolinearization control law is easy to calculate and inexpensive to implement, regardless of the complexity of the nonlinear model. Experimental results obtained by implementing the approximate pseudolinearization control law on a remotely driven acrobot verify the controller's ease of design and computational efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stable and Color‐Tailorable White Light from Blue <scp>LED</scp> s Using Color‐Converting Phosphor–Glass Composites (2013)

Commercial Ce 3+ : YAG phosphors were embedded in glass frits. Thermal condition for the viscous sintering of the composite materials was optimized. The phosphor–glass composites had maximum external efficiency of 30% and maximum light extraction efficiency of 39%. Color temperatures of the composites composed of fluorescent glass frits containing Eu 3+ and Mn 2+ combined with blue LED s shifted from ~7000 to ~4000 K.