gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of AB<sub>2</sub>‐type miktoarm star polymers through the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization (2004)

Abstract A novel miktofunctional initiator ( 1 ), 2‐hydroxyethyl 3‐[(2‐bromopropanoyl)oxy]‐2‐{[(2‐bromopropanoyl)oxy]methyl}‐2‐methyl‐propanoate, possessing one initiating site for ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and two initiating sites for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), was synthesized in a three‐step reaction sequence. This initiator was first used in the ROP of ϵ‐caprolactone, and this led to a corresponding polymer with secondary bromide end groups. The obtained poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) was then used as a macroinitiator for the ATRP of tert ‐butyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, and this resulted in AB 2 ‐type PCL–[poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate)] 2 or PCL–[poly(methyl methacrylate)] 2 miktoarm star polymers with controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight < 1.23) via the ROP–ATRP sequence. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2313–2320, 2004
Branch Obfuscation Using Code Mobility and Signal (2012)

The branch information is disclosed during software execution. In a malicious host, adversaries could collect predicates from leaked branch information using concolic execution technique. Exploiting collected predicates, adversaries could accurately reason about software's internal logic, which is a significant threat to software intellectual property protection. In order to mitigate branch information leakage, this paper proposed a branch obfuscation approach that replaces explicit conditional jump instructions with implicit trap codes and bogus codes, and deploys jump conditions on the remote trusted entity. Therefore, in the malicious host the executable is incomplete that gets path selection results from the trusted entity dynamically, which reduces adversaries' visibility on the branch information. The experimental results show that branch obfuscation could effectively mitigate the branch information leakage, yet practical in terms of performance.
Chromatin silencing and the maintenance of a functional germline in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1998)

The germline of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a remarkable ability to specifically silence transgenic DNA. We have shown that this silencing mechanism is disrupted in animals mutant for the maternal effect sterile genes mes-2, mes-3, mes-4 and mes-6. The proteins encoded by mes-2 and mes-6 have been shown to be related to the Polycomb Group of transcriptional repressors (Holdeman, R., Nehrt, S. and Strome, S. (1998). Development 125, 2457-2467; Korf, I., Fan, F. and Strome, S. (1998). Development 125, 2469-2478). These results suggest that a genetic silencing process is essential for sustained germline function, and that this silencing is mediated, at least in part, by Polycomb Group proteins.
Quadriceps muscle weakness following acute hemiplegic stroke (2001)

In the first week after acute hemiplegic stroke, weakness develops in the unaffected leg.
Alternative Splicing of the Pyruvate Kinase M Gene in a Minigene System (1996)

The M 2 ‐type and M 2 ‐type isozymes of pyruvate kinase are produced from a single gene by mutually exclusive use of exons 9 and 10. Selection of exon 10 generates the M 2 type, which occurs in most tissues, whereas the M 2 type is expressed by use of exon 9 only in skeletal muscle, heart and brain. We investigated the mechanism by which exon 10, but not exon 9 is selected in M 2 ‐expressing cells by transfecting minigenes containing exon 9 and/or exon 10 in cells and by analyzing the transcripts using reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Deletion of the most conserved region in intron 8 did not affect selection of exon 10 in dRLh‐84 cells, which express only the M 2 type. Exclusion of exon 10 from the minigene resulted in two major spliced products. One included correctly spliced exon 9 and the other skipped this exon. Similar splicing patterns were observed when these minigenes were transfected in hepatocytes which express the L type, but not M 1 or M 2 types. The 5′ splice site but not the 3′ splice site of exon 9 was found to be hardly recognized by the splicing machinery in dRLh‐84 cells. Mutation of the 5′ splice site sequence of exon 9 to that of exon 10 and vice versa did not change the splicing patterns. However, mutation of this site of exon 9 to a perfectly complementary sequence of U1 snRNA resulted in selection of exon 9 correctly spliced to exon 10. A 9–10 fusion exon (constructed by substitution of 68 bases of the 3′ portion of exon 9 and 33 bases of the 5′ portion of intron 9 for the corresponding regions of exon 10 and intron 10) was also correctly incorporated into a major product together with exon 10. Thus, we propose that exon 9 is not recognized in non M 1 ‐expressing cells due to the weak signal of its 5′ splice site and that, although the 5′ splicing signal of exon 10 also appears to be weak, this exon can be recognized in these cells because the 5′ recognition signal may be relatively strengthened by cis ‐acting element(s) which may be present in the 3′ portion of exon 9 and the 5′ portion of intron 9 and/or the corresponding regions of exon 10 and intron 10.
Electron Microscopic Observation of the Microstructure of Sol-Gel Derived PZT Thin Film (2000)

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were fabricated by a three-step heat-treatment process, which involves the addition of 20 mol% excess Pb to the starting solution and spin coating onto Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. Microstructure of the PZT film has been investigated using analytical and high-resolution electron microscopy. The film is crystallized in the perovskite phase with columnar grains and few pores on the order of nanometer are formed just below the layer interfaces. It is found that the presence of 1-2 nm layers of Pb-rich amorphous at grain boundaries. At the interface between PZT/Pt, second phases, such as PbO or PtxPb does not exist. It is considered that the (111) and (100) preferred orientation in the PZT film was not promoted by the PtxPb and PbO phases.
CCS: A Railway Corridor Control System Utilizing Ultra Wideband Radio Technology (2004)

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio is a unique technology which combines a megabit wireless local area network with a centimeter-resolution radiolocation (RADAR) capability over distances less than 100 meters. A linear chain of UWB nodes can be used to create a hop-by-hop data transmission network, which also forms a RADAR “corridor” along the chain. By co-locating such a chain of nodes along a railroad right-of-way, precise information on the location and velocity of trains could be distributed throughout the corridor. In addition, the radar corridor would detect the introduction of track obstacles such as rocks, people, and automobiles, as well as shifted loads and other high-wide train defects. Finally, the network of nodes would enable off-train communications with payload sensors, locomotive computers, and could also provide wireless connectivity for passenger service.
σ1-Receptor Agonism Protects against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2016)

Mechanisms of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury remain unresolved, and effective therapies are lacking. We previously showed that dehydroepiandrosterone protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats. Here, we investigated the potential role of σ1-receptor activation in mediating this protection. In rats, pretreatment with either dehydroepiandrosterone or fluvoxamine, a high-affinity σ1-receptor agonist, improved survival, renal function and structure, and the inflammatory response after sublethal renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. In human proximal tubular epithelial cells, stimulation by fluvoxamine or oxidative stress caused the σ1-receptor to translocate from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol and nucleus. Fluvoxamine stimulation in these cells also activated nitric oxide production that was blocked by σ1-receptor knockdown or Akt inhibition. Similarly, in the postischemic rat kidney, σ1-receptor activation by fluvoxamine triggered the Akt-nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway, resulting in time- and isoform-specific endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation and nitric oxide production. Concurrently, intravital two-photon imaging revealed prompt peritubular vasodilation after fluvoxamine treatment, which was blocked by the σ1-receptor antagonist or various nitric oxide synthase blockers. In conclusion, in this rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, σ1-receptor agonists improved postischemic survival and renal function via activation of Akt-mediated nitric oxide signaling in the kidney. Thus, σ1-receptor activation might provide a therapeutic option for renoprotective therapy.
6-Amino-6-deoxychitosan. Preparation and Application as Plasmid Vector in COS-1 Cells (2004)

Abstract 6-Amino-6-deoxychitosan was prepared from 6-deoxy-6-halo-N-phthaloylchitosan via 6-azidation. The product has high stereoregularity because of the effective and regioselective reactions. To evaluate 6-amino-6-deoxychitosan as a gene transfer agent, transfection efficiencies of its complexes with plasmid DNA in COS-1 cells were examined.
Weight Bound Limits in Supertasking Approach for Guaranteed Timeline Constraints (2008)

We investigated the problem of supertasking in Pfair-scheduled multi-processor systems. In this approach, a set of tasks (component tasks) is grouped together to form a supertask, which is then scheduled as an ordinary Pfair task. Whenever a supertask is scheduled, its processor time is allocated to its component tasks according to an internal scheduling algorithm. Supertasking approach does not provide guarantees that its component tasks will respect the timeline constraints. In this paper, we propose a new condition for constructing a supertask from its component tasks in such a way that all timing constraints of its component tasks are guaranteed without compromising on schedulability loss. This condition is expressed as weight bound relation b/w supertask and its component tasks.
Children With Disturbances in Sensory Processing: A Pilot Study Examining the Role of the Parasympathetic Nervous System (2003)

This study was a preliminary investigation of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) functioning in children with disturbances in sensory processing. The specific aims of this study were to (1) provide preliminary data about group differences in parasympathetic functions, as measured by the vagal tone index, between children with disturbances in sensory processing and those without; (2) determine effect size and power needed for future studies; and (3) to lay the foundation for further examination of the relations of parasympathetic functioning and functional behavior in children with disturbances in sensory processing. Participants were 15 children, nine with disturbances in sensory processing and six typically developing children. Heart period data were continuously collected for a 2-minute baseline and during administration of the 15-minute Sensory Challenge Protocol, a unique laboratory protocol designed to measure sensory reactivity (Miller, Reisman, McIntosh, & Simon, 2001). Groups were compared on vagal tone index, heart period, and heart rate using two-tailed, independent sample t tests. Children with disturbances in sensory processing had significantly lower vagal tone than the typically developing sample (t(13) = 2.4, p = .05). Statistical power analysis indicated that, for future studies, a sample size of 20 in each group would yield adequate statistical power. Although the number of subjects in this pilot study is small, the results from this study support further investigations of parasympathetic functions and functional behavior in children with disturbances in sensory processing.
A general map of iron metabolism and tissue-specific subnetworks (2009)

Iron is required for survival of mammalian cells. Recently, understanding of iron metabolism and trafficking has increased dramatically, revealing a complex, interacting network largely unknown just a few years ago. This provides an excellent model for systems biology development and analysis. The first step in such an analysis is the construction of a structural network of iron metabolism, which we present here. This network was created using CellDesigner version 3.5.2 and includes reactions occurring in mammalian cells of numerous tissue types. The iron metabolic network contains 151 chemical species and 107 reactions and transport steps. Starting from this general model, we construct iron networks for specific tissues and cells that are fundamental to maintaining body iron homeostasis. We include subnetworks for cells of the intestine and liver, tissues important in iron uptake and storage, respectively, as well as the reticulocyte and macrophage, key cells in iron utilization and recycling. The addition of kinetic information to our structural network will permit the simulation of iron metabolism in different tissues as well as in health and disease.
Molecular analysis of external genitalia formation: the role of <i>fibroblast growth factor</i> (<i>Fgf</i>) genes during genital tubercle formation (2000)

ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the external genitalia in mammals have been very little examined. Recent gene knockout studies have suggested that the developmental processes of its anlage, the genital tubercle (GT), have much in common with those of limb buds. The Fgf genes have been postulated as regulating several downstream genes during organogenesis. Fgf8 was expressed in the distal urethral plate epithelium of the genital tubercle (GT) together with other markers such as the Msx1, Fgf10, Hoxd13 and Bmp4 expressed in the mesenchyme. To analyze the role of the FGF system during GT formation, an in vitro organ culture system was utilized. It is suggested that the distal urethral plate epithelium of GT, the Fgf8-expressing region, regulates the outgrowth of GT. Ectopic application of FGF8 beads to the murine GT induced mesenchymal gene expression, and also promoted the outgrowth of the GT. Experiments utilizing anti-FGF neutralizing antibody suggested a growth-promoting role for FGF protein(s) in GT outgrowth. In contrast, despite its vital role during limb- bud formation, Fgf10 appears not to be primarily essential for initial outgrowth of GT, as extrapolated from Fgf10−/− GTs. However, the abnormal external genitalia development of Fgf10−/− perinatal mice suggested the importance of Fgf10 in the development of the glans penis and the glans clitoridis. These results suggest that the FGF system is a key element in orchestrating GT development.
Novel Intra-Tissue Perfusion System for Culturing Thick Liver Tissue (2007)

Innovative scaffold fabrication, angiogenesis promotion, and dynamic tissue culture techniques have been utilized to improve delivery of media into the core of large tissue constructs in tissue engineering. We have developed here an intra-tissue perfusion (ITP) system, which incorporates an array of seven micron-sized needles as a delivery conduit, to improve mass transfer into the core of thick liver tissues slices (>>300 microm mass transport limit). The ITP system improves the uniformity and distribution of media throughout the tissue, resulting in improved cell viability over the static-cultured controls. The ITP-cultured thick liver slices also exhibit improved phase I and phase II metabolic functions and albumin and urea synthetic functions after 3-day culture, which is the minimal period required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for studying drug-drug interaction. This ITP system can also be used for culturing other thick tissue constructs of larger dimensions for various in vitro and in vivo applications, including bridging integration of the in vitro cultured constructs into living host tissues.
Green Er^3+:YLiF_4 upconversion laser at 551  nm with Yb^3+ codoping: a novel pumping scheme (1997)

We report room-temperature continuous-wave upconversion laser emission on the green transition (4)S(3/2)?(4)I(15/2) in Er(1%), Yb(3%):YLiF(4) at 551nm. Green laser operation was obtained for titanium-sapphire pump wavelengths continuously tunable between 955 and 974.5nm. Codoping with Yb(3+) resulted in a more efficient excitation of the upper laser level by upconversion processes. The maximum green laser output power was 37mW at an incident titanium-sapphire pump power level of 1580mW at 966nm.
Erythritol and Ethylene Glycol from Dialdehyde Starch (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTErythritol and Ethylene Glycol from Dialdehyde StarchF. H. Otey, J. W. Sloan, C. A. Wilham, and C. L. MehltretterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1961, 53, 4, 267–268Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50616a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50616a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
IEEE 802.11be-Extremely High Throughput WLAN: New Challenges and Opportunities (2020)

With the emergence of 4k/8k video, the throughput requirement of video delivery will keep grow to tens of Gbps. Other new high-throughput and low-latency video applications including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and online gaming, are also proliferating. Due to the related stringent requirements, supporting these applications over wireless local area network (WLAN) is far beyond the capabilities of the new WLAN standard -- IEEE 802.11ax. To meet these emerging demands, the IEEE 802.11 will release a new amendment standard IEEE 802.11be -- Extremely High Throughput (EHT), also known as Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) 7. This article provides the comprehensive survey on the key medium access control (MAC) layer techniques and physical layer (PHY) techniques being discussed in the EHT task group, including the channelization and tone plan, multiple resource units (multi-RU) support, 4096 quadrature amplitude modulation (4096-QAM), preamble designs, multiple link operations (e.g., multi-link aggregation and channel access), multiple input multiple output (MIMO) enhancement, multiple access point (multi-AP) coordination (e.g., multi-AP joint transmission), enhanced link adaptation and retransmission protocols (e.g., hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)). This survey covers both the critical technologies being discussed in EHT standard and the related latest progresses from worldwide research. Besides, the potential developments beyond EHT are discussed to provide some possible future research directions for WLAN.
Functional properties of single neurons in the primate face primary somatosensory cortex. II. Relations with different directions of trained tongue protrusion (1994)

1. In previous papers we have presented evidence suggesting an important role for the face primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in the fine control of tongue movements. These findings, plus our earlier evidence that many neurons in face motor cortex (MI) may exhibit firing rates related to the direction of tongue protrusion, led us to test the hypothesis that variations in the direction of a tongue-protrusion movement would be associated with variations in the activity of different face SI neurons. 2. Two monkeys were trained to perform a tongue-protrusion task in each of three directions: the task transducer was positioned at 0 degrees, 30 degrees to the left, or 30 degrees to the right from the midsagittal plane. The latter two positions were termed asymmetrical tongue-protrusion task positions. Single-neuron activity was recorded from face SI during trials of the tongue-protrusion task at each of two or three of the above positions. In addition, the mechanoreceptive field (RF) was delineated for each neuron. 3. Directional relations were found in 25 (58%) of the 43 neurons studied; this included 20 neurons showing a significant direction-by-time interaction in firing rate, i.e., the change of firing rate from the pretrial period to the task period was significantly different between different directions, and 5 showing no direction-by-time interaction but a significant difference in firing rate between different directions of the tongue-protrusion task. 4. Of the 43 neurons investigated, 21 and 20 had a RF on the tongue and lips, respectively (“tongue RF” and “lip RF” neurons), and the remaining 2 received mechanosensitive afferent inputs from other orofacial regions. There was no significant difference in the incidence of directional sensitivity between the neurons with a tongue RF and those with a lip RF (12/21 and 11/20, respectively). 5. Eight of the 25 “directional” neurons were located in area 3b and 17 in area 1. There was no significant difference in the proportion of directional neurons between areas 3b and 1. 6. The increase in discharge frequency at the preferred direction was, on the average for the 25 directional neurons, 39% over the mean discharge frequency observed during the task period for all directions of the tongue-protrusion task. Eight directional neurons showed a significant increase in firing rate during the tongue-protrusion task up to 130 ms before the onset of genioglossus electromyographic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)