gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of human bone marrow lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase gene expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1991)

Lactoferrin (LF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are glycoproteins synthesized in early myeloid cells (promyelocytes, myelocytes) and stored in granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes. Both proteins are involved in the host inflammatory response, and LF has been found to have myelosuppressive activity in vivo and in vitro. Little is known, however, about the regulation of their production. We investigated the stability of LF and MPO mRNA and the effects of purified recombinant human TNF-alpha on LF and MPO levels in normal human bone marrow. Low density human bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence or absence of actinomycin D (10 micrograms/ml) or TNF-alpha (200 U/ml). LF and MPO RNA levels were analyzed by Northern blots using, respectively, a 650-bp insert from the plasmid pHL41, and a 2.3-kb insert from the plasmid pMPO2 as probes. It was found that: 1) LF mRNA is a fairly stable molecule, with a half-life of between 8 and 9 h, whereas MPO is less stable, with a half-life of between 4 and 5 h; 2) TNF-alpha decreases both LF and MPO mRNA levels, an effect seen by 24 h with MPO mRNA and 48 h with LF mRNA; 3) nuclear run-on assays revealed that TNF decreases transcription of the LF gene by 70% and the MPO gene by 50%; and 4) the suppressive effect of TNF-alpha on LF and MPO mRNA levels is not due to cell killing or selective differentiation and is reversible.
Isolation of a New Reovirus from Chum Salmon in Japan (1981)

A new virus of the family Reoviridae has been isolated from adult chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) returning to the Tokushibetsu Hatchery, Hokkaido, Japan. The virus replicates in selected fish cell lines incubated between 10 and 20°C and produces a unique cytopathic effect. Electron micrographs reveal an icosahedral particle 75 nm in diameter composed of a double capsid. The outer capsid is selectively removed by α-chymotrypsin leaving a subviral particle with enhanced infectivity. The virus is resistant to pH 3 and chloroform. It is unstable at 56°C and does not hemagglutinate human type 0 erythrocytes. Infectivity is not reduced by antiserum to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Replication is not inhibited by 5-fluro2'-deoxyuridine. Acridine orange stain reveals typical reovirus-like cytoplasmic inclusions. The virus is not lethal for chum salmon fry, chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) fry, or kokanee salmon (O. nerka) fry by injection. The virus replicates in the three species tested producing focal necrotic lesions in the liver of chum and chinook salmon fry.
Inactivation and UV Disinfection of Murine Norovirus with TiO <sub>2</sub> under Various Environmental Conditions (2008)

We studied inactivation and UV disinfection of murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate for human norovirus. We investigated the effects of different surface characteristics, temperatures, and NaCl concentrations on MNV survival using both a plaque assay and a real-time TaqMan reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay. MNV survived more than 40 days on diaper material, on gauze, and in a stool suspension. Compared to inactivation at lower temperatures (-20 and 4 degrees C), inactivation of MNV was greater at higher temperatures (18 and 30 degrees C). On the surface of both gauze and diaper material, there was a <2-log(10) reduction in the amount of infectious MNV in 40 days after incubation at both -20 and 4 degrees C, compared to a >5-log(10) reduction after incubation at 30 degrees C in 24 days. MNV survived better in a stool suspension than on the surface of gauze or diaper material. A higher salt concentration increased the rate of inactivation of MNV. In 72 h, <0.3-, 1.5-, and 2.5-log(10) reductions in the amount of infectious MNV occurred in distilled water and 0.5 and 1 M NaCl, respectively. We observed only minor reductions in the numbers of viral RNA copies as quantified by real-time TaqMan RT-PCR regardless of the temperature, the salt concentration, or the suspending medium. We also evaluated UV disinfection of infectious MNV with and without TiO(2). The amount of MNV was significantly reduced by 254-nm UV with and without TiO(2). When 25 mJ/cm(2) UV was used, 3.3- and 3.6-log(10) reductions in the amounts of infectious MNV occurred with and without TiO(2), respectively. Our results demonstrate that MNV can persist in various environmental conditions and can be efficiently controlled by UV disinfection.
Efficient Inter-node MPI Communication Using GPUDirect RDMA for InfiniBand Clusters with NVIDIA GPUs (2013)

GPUs and accelerators have become ubiquitous in modern supercomputing systems. Scientific applications from a wide range of fields are being modified to take advantage of their compute power. However, data movement continues to be a critical bottleneck in harnessing the full potential of a GPU. Data in the GPU memory has to be moved into the host memory before it can be sent over the network. MPI libraries like MVAPICH2 have provided solutions to alleviate this bottleneck using techniques like pipelining. GPUDirect RDMA is a feature introduced in CUDA 5.0, that allows third party devices like network adapters to directly access data in GPU device memory, over the PCIe bus. NVIDIA has partnered with Mellanox to make this solution available for InfiniBand clusters. In this paper, we evaluate the first version of GPUDirect RDMA for InfiniBand and propose designs in MVAPICH2 MPI library to efficiently take advantage of this feature. We highlight the limitations posed by current generation architectures in effectively using GPUDirect RDMA and address these issues through novel designs in MVAPICH2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to demonstrate a solution for internode GPU-to-GPU MPI communication using GPUDirect RDMA. Results show that the proposed designs improve the latency of internode GPU-to-GPU communication using MPI Send/MPI Recv by 69% and 32% for 4Byte and 128KByte messages, respectively. The designs boost the uni-directional bandwidth achieved using 4KByte and 64KByte messages by 2x and 35%, respectively. We demonstrate the impact of the proposed designs using two end-applications: LBMGPU and AWP-ODC. They improve the communication times in these applications by up to 35% and 40%, respectively.
Properties and Morphology of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Bisphenol A Polycarbonate Blends (1984)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) blends prepared by melt extrusion techniques have been investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Partial miscibility was established by a comparison of the experimentally determined glass transition temperatures (Tg) with those predicted by the Fox equation for a miscible pair of polymers. At PC concentrations less than 50 wt %, the PC is dispersed in a continuous PMMA matrix; at higher PC concentrations, both polymers form continuous phases. A correlation has been observed between the morphology and the storage modulus at 130 °C, a temperature between the Tg values of the pure polymers. The partial miscibility is discussed in terms of possible n-π complex formation between the n electrons of the ester group of the PMMA and the π electrons of the benzene rings of the PC.
Novel transglutaminase inhibitors reverse the inflammation of allergic conjunctivitis (2003)

Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce proteins that inhibit phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), including uteroglobin and lipocortin-1 (annexin I). Uteroglobin and lipocortin-1 retain several conserved sequences. Based on these sequences, several nonapeptides (antiflammins) were synthesized. These nonapeptides were shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, possibly by inhibiting PLA(2). Subsequent research showed that PLA(2) is activated by transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2). We hypothesize here that TGase 2 inhibitors may increase the anti-inflammatory efficacy of inhibiting PLA(2) activity. To test this theory, we constructed recombinant peptides containing sequences from pro-elafin (for inhibition of TGase 2), and from lipocortin-1, lipocortin-5, and uteroglobin (for inhibition of PLA(2)). The recombinant peptides, which had dual inhibitory effects on purified TGase 2 and PLA(2), reversed the inflammation of allergic conjunctivitis to ragweed in a guinea pig model. The present work suggests that novel recombinant peptides may be safe and effective agents for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Assessment and Behavioral Consequences (1986)

Abstract A 21-item scale that assesses attitudes toward homosexuality is presented. This Likert-type scale has one major factor, excellent internal consistency (alpha = .93), and good test-retest reliability (r = .71). An experiment that uses this measure to predict behavior toward an alleged homosexual is also described. In this study, each male subject was initially informed, was later informed, or was not informed that his partner was a homosexual. Half these participants expected interaction with their partner; half did not. Results showed that tolerant and intolerant males react very differently when they believe they are interacting with a homosexual, as evidenced by their ratings of liking for that individual, the type of information they requested from him, the information they presented about themselves, and what they remembered about that person. The influence of timing of information and expected interaction on these variables is also discussed.
System-of-PUFs (2014)

Embedded systems continue to provide the core for a wide range of applications, from smart-cards for mobile payment to smart-meters for power-grids. The resource and power dependency of embedded systems continues to be a challenge for state-of-the-art security practices. Moreover, even theoretically secure algorithms are often vulnerable in their implementation. With decreasing cost and complexity, physical attacks are an increasingly important threat. This threat led to the development of Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) which are disordered physical systems with various applications in hardware security. However, consistent security oriented design of embedded systems remains a challenge, as most formalizations and security models are concerned with isolated physical components or high-level concept. We provide four unique contributions: (i) We propose a system-level security model to overcome the chasm between secure components and requirements of high-level protocols; this enables synergy between component-oriented security formalizations and theoretically proven protocols. (ii) An analysis of current practices in PUF protocols using the proposed system-level security model; we identify significant issues and expose assumptions that require costly security techniques. (iii) A System-of-PUF (SoP) that utilizes the large PUF design-space to achieve security requirements with minimal resource utilization; SoP requires 64% less gate-equivalent units than recently published schemes. (iv) A multilevel authentication protocol based on SoP which is validated using our system-level security model and which overcomes current vulnerabilities. Furthermore, this protocol offers breach recognition and recovery.
Design and FPGA implementation of a video scalar with on-chip reduced memory utilization (2003)

A novel architecture suitable for FPGA/ASIC implementation of a video scalar is presented. The scheme proposed here results in enormous savings of memory normally required, without compromising on the image quality. In the present work, SVGA compatible video sequence is scaled up to XGA format. The up scaling operation for a video sequence is carried out by scaling up the image input, followed by down scaling and filtering. The FPGA implementation of the proposed video-scaling algorithm is capable of processing high-resolution, color pictures of sizes up to 1024x768 pixels at the real time video rate of 30 frames/second. The design has been realized by RTL compliant Verilog coding, and fits into a single chip with a gate count utilization of two million gates. For lower resolution pictures, the mapped device can be scaled down. The present FPGA implementation compares favorably with another ASIC implementation.
Catalytic, Asymmetric Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Imines with Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Methyl Acrylate. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Adipose Tissue as a Novel Target for <i>In Vivo</i> Gene Transfer by Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (2006)

Traditionally, skeletal muscle and liver are the preferred target organs for gene transfer to supply a transgene product into the systemic circulation. In this respect, adipose tissue presents a number of attractive features. However, adipose tissue transduction in vivo has not been feasible by conventional methods. To solve this issue, we tested the utility of excipients in adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer and found that Pluronics are suitable for this purpose. In a histological analysis of adipose tissue in db/db mice, Pluronic F88 showed the greatest augmentative effect on beta-galactosidase expression in combination with the AAV1 vector. When the vector encoding mouse erythropoietin (Epo) was used in the same manner, increased plasma Epo concentrations were observed (230 +/- 80 versus 58 +/- 14 mU/ml). Moreover, the plasma Epo concentration returned to the normal level after the surgical removal of transduced adipose tissue. No damage was observed in the transduced tissue. Our results indicate that the proposed method is safe and efficient for gene transfer into adipose tissues, thus providing an alternative for supplemental gene therapy.
Phosphorus Bioavailability: A Key Aspect for Conserving this Critical Animal Feed Resource with Reference to Broiler Nutrition (2016)

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element, and the majority of animal feed phosphate is derived from phosphate rock that is a non-renewable resource. Current global P reserves may be depleted in 50–100 years. This poses the challenge of securing future P supply for the global animal feed industries. Currently, nutritionists formulate diets with substantial safety margins to guarantee that animals do not become P deficient. Excessive dietary P concentrations increase, not only the cost of diets, but also P excretion and pollution of the environment. We contend that understanding P bioavailability is central to the sustainable use of this mineral in animal agriculture. Poultry accounts for approximately 50% of animal feed phosphate consumption worldwide and for this reason we use the meat chicken or broiler as a case study to explore the nuances of P bioavailability. We conclude that, to tackle the challenge of dietary P bioavailability, cooperative research on a global scale is needed to standardise measurement procedures in order to produce a robust and reliable database which can be used by nutritionists to formulate diets to meet the bird’s P requirements precisely. Achievement of this goal will assist endeavours to sustain the global supply of phosphorus.
Imaging and Sizing of Single DNA Molecules on a Mobile Phone (2014)

DNA imaging techniques using optical microscopy have found numerous applications in biology, chemistry and physics and are based on relatively expensive, bulky and complicated set-ups that limit their use to advanced laboratory settings. Here we demonstrate imaging and length quantification of single molecule DNA strands using a compact, lightweight and cost-effective fluorescence microscope installed on a mobile phone. In addition to an optomechanical attachment that creates a high contrast dark-field imaging setup using an external lens, thin-film interference filters, a miniature dovetail stage and a laser-diode for oblique-angle excitation, we also created a computational framework and a mobile phone application connected to a server back-end for measurement of the lengths of individual DNA molecules that are labeled and stretched using disposable chips. Using this mobile phone platform, we imaged single DNA molecules of various lengths to demonstrate a sizing accuracy of <1 kilobase-pairs (kbp) for 10 kbp and longer DNA samples imaged over a field-of-view of ∼2 mm2.
Modeling the Phase Behavior of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModeling the Phase Behavior of Polymer/Clay NanocompositesAnna C. Balazs, Chandralekha Singh, Ekaterina Zhulina, and Yulia LyatskayaView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 8, 651–657Publication Date (Web):February 11, 1999Publication History Received9 June 1998Published online11 February 1999Published inissue 1 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970336mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970336mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1142Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Clays,Mixtures,Polymers,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Characterization of an lhx1a transgenic reporter in zebrafish (2010)

The LIM-domain containing transcription factor, Lhx1, is involved in the regulation of early gastrulation cell movements, kidney organogenesis and other processes in vertebrate model organisms. To follow the expression of this gene in live embryos, we created transgenic zebrafish expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of lhx1a regulatory regions. Tg(lhx1a:EGFP)(pt303) recapitulates the expression of endogenous lhx1a beginning at early gastrula stages through 72 hours of development with only few exceptions. In addition, over-expression of the Nodal ligand, ndr1, results in the concomitant expansion of the transgene and endogenous lhx1a expression. Treatment of Tg(lhx1a:EGFP)(pt303) embryos with the small molecule SB-431542, an inhibitor of Nodal signaling, results in the loss of both transgene and endogenous lhx1a expression. These experiments suggest that Tg(lhx1a:EGFP)(pt303) is regulated in a manner similar to endogenous lhx1a. Therefore, this reporter can be utilized not only for monitoring lhx1a expression, but also for numerous applications, including chemical genetics screening.
Equilibrium Constants for the Binding of Indium(III) to Human Serum Transferrin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Constants for the Binding of Indium(III) to Human Serum TransferrinWesley R. Harris, Yong Chen, and Kim WeinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 22, 4991–4998Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00100a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00100a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quality of service in wireless local area networks (2002)

IEEE 802.11 wireless networks are widely used to connect to the Internet due to their low cost, easy deployment and mobility support. In this thesis we deal with four different aspects of QoS support in these networks : - Service differentiation : The current IEEE 802.11 protocol has no QoS support. Therefore, all terminals equally share the available data rate. We propose mechanisms for service differentiation on the MAC level. We develop several differentiation mechanisms and evaluate their performance through simulation. - Noisy environments: IEEE 802.11 use contention windows to resolve multiple terminals access to the channel. A terminal doubles its contention window size upon each packet loss. This mechanism reduces collisions on the channel. However, it increases packet overhead, thus reducing the throughput. Packet losses can be due to collisions or to noise on the channel as well. In the latter case, increasing the contention window size decreases the system performance; contention windows should be decreased upon packet collisions only. We propose a mechanism to adapt contention window sizes according to the estimation of the packet loss cause. - Congested environments: After each successful packet transmission, IEEE 802.11 resets its contention window size. However, in congested environments, the channel load may vary so fast, and a terminal takes the risk of observing the same collisions and retransmissions rate for each packet. We propose a mechanism to decrease contention windows slowly, avoiding further collisions and retransmissions. This showed considerable throughput enhancements and reduced energy consumption. - Ad-hoc networks: In ad-hoc networks, packets are routed on multi-hop path routes. Routing is therefore a cooperative work between nodes, and the average available data rate to each node depends on the number of nodes, on interference and on collisions. We propose a mechanism to control data rates at the sources, based on estimations of the throughputs and delays, aiming to optimize the useful throughputs and to reduce battery power consumption.