gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptual-based Quality Metrics for Image and Video Services: A Survey (2007)

The accurate prediction of quality from an end-user perspective has received increased attention with the growing demand for compression and communication of digital image and video services over wired and wireless networks. The existing quality assessment methods and metrics have a vast reach from computational and memory efficient numerical methods to highly complex models incorporating aspects of the human visual system. It is hence crucial to classify these methods in order to find the favorable approach for an intended application. In this paper a survey and classification of contemporary image and video quality metrics is therefore presented along with the favorable quality assessment methodologies. Emphasis is given to those metrics that can be related to the quality as perceived by the end-user. As such, these perceptual-based image and video quality metrics may build a bridge between the assessment of quality as experienced by the end-user and the quality of service parameters that are usually deployed to quantify service integrity.
p-wave triggered superconductivity in single-layer graphene on an electron-doped oxide superconductor (2017)

Electron pairing in the vast majority of superconductors follows the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, which describes the condensation of electrons into pairs with antiparallel spins in a singlet state with an s-wave symmetry. Unconventional superconductivity was predicted in single-layer graphene (SLG), with the electrons pairing with a p-wave or chiral d-wave symmetry, depending on the position of the Fermi energy with respect to the Dirac point. By placing SLG on an electron-doped (non-chiral) d-wave superconductor and performing local scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, here we show evidence for a p-wave triggered superconducting density of states in SLG. The realization of unconventional superconductivity in SLG offers an exciting new route for the development of p-wave superconductivity using two-dimensional materials with transition temperatures above 4.2 K.
Personal reporting of a museum visit as an entrypoint to future cultural experience (2005)

Museum visitors can continue interacting with museum exhibits even after they have left the museum. We can help them do this by creating a report that includes a basic, personalized narration of their visit, the items and relationships they found most interesting, pointers to additional related online information, and suggestions for future visits to the current and other museums. In this work we describe the automatic generation of personalized natural language reports to help create one episode in an ongoing coherent sequence of cultural activities.
Magnetic resonance velocity imaging using a fast spiral phase contrast sequence (1994)

Time-resolved velocity imaging using the magnetic resonance phase contrast technique can provide clinically important quantitative flow measurements in vivo but suffers from long scan times when based on conventional spin-warp sequences. This can be particularly problematic when imaging regions of the abdomen and thorax because of respiratory motion. We present a rapid phase contrast sequence based on an interleaved spiral k-space data acquisition that permits time-resolved, three-direction velocity imaging within a breath-hold. Results of steady and pulsatile flow phantom experiments are presented, which indicate excellent agreement between our technique and through plane flow measurements made with an in-line ultrasound probe. Also shown are results of normal volunteer studies of the carotids, renal arteries, and heart.
Silver-Doped Sol−Gel Film as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate for Detection of Uranyl and Neptunyl Ions (2003)

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate containing silver particles was prepared by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. Silver nitrate was first doped into the sol-gel film followed by chemical reduction of the silver ions with sodium borohydride to produce silver particles. This silver-doped sol-gel substrate exhibits strong enhancement of Raman scattering from adsorbed uranyl ions with a detection limit of 8.5 x 10(-8) M, which is comparable to existing methods of uranyl detection such as spectrophotometry, fluorometry, and a SERS method based on ligand-modified solution silver colloids. However, in the present method, no preconcentration steps, chromogens, or complexing ligands are needed. Compared with the SERS method using Ag colloidal sols, the silver-doped sol-gel film has the advantage that the silver particles trapped in the sol-gel matrix are much more stable than Ag colloids in liquid media. Furthermore, porous silica sol-gel materials are known to have affinities toward many inorganic and organic molecules. The enhanced adsorption affinities could also lead to the increased SERS sensitivity. The performance of the new silver-doped sol-gel substrate was evaluated with uranyl ions and compared to that of a SERS substrate based on silver-coated silica beads prepared by vacuum deposition. The detection limit for the silver-doped sol-gel film was 104 times lower than that for the silver-coated silica beads. The sol-gel substrate was further used to obtain, for the first time, the surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of neptunyl ions in dilute aqueous solutions.
Introduction (2006)

The vector and rodent-borne diseases are a heavy burden on public health in much of the tropical and semitropical regions of the world; among these diseases are malaria, leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, many arboviruses and a plethora of other infections. Despite their largely temperate climates, Europe, the USA and Canada have not been spared by this group of infections; moreover, some endemic diseases thought to have been under control in these regions are now resurging and new infections are emerging on both continents. Co-infections of HIV virus and leishmaniasis and of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis, pose diagnostic and treatment problems to clinicians. Ecological and climate changes have favoured increases in the densities of insect and tick vectors and rodent reservoir hosts and in the agents they transmit. With increased travel to tropical disease–endemic areas, the number of imported cases of malaria and other vector-borne diseases has sharply risen and some of these have become established, with grave consequences.
Thymine at —5 Is Crucial for <i>cpc</i> Promoter Activity of <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. Strain PCC 6714 (2003)

The levels of transcripts of the cpc operon were highly reduced in a PD-1 mutant of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6714. This was due to a substitution of C for T that occurred at 5 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site of the cpc operon. Any substitution for T at the -5 position drastically reduced both in vivo and in vitro promoter activity in cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 but not the in vivo activity in Escherichia coli. This suggests that the requirement of -5T appears to be specific for a cyanobacterial RNA polymerase-promoter combination.
Effect of Assay Medium on the Antibacterial Activity of Certain Penicillins and Cephalosporins (1973)

It is well known that the composition of the assay medium greatly affects the antimicrobial activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. A similar response has now been observed with certain penicillins and cephalosporins. In the case of these compounds, this effect is apparently governed by the chemical nature of the penicillin 6- and cephalosporin 7-side chains. In comparison with their activity in Nutrient Broth, the activity of some of the beta-lactam antibiotics that have a weakly basic or basic group in their side chain was reduced as much as 40-fold in one or more of the following media: Mueller-Hinton, Trypticase soy, antibiotic assay, and heart infusion broths. In contrast, the assay medium had no effect on the activity of those compounds possessing an acidic or a nonionizable function in their side chain. The extent to which medium influences the antibacterial activity was also dependent upon the assay method and the organism, the effect being more pronounced in broth dilution than in agar dilution tests and occurring more frequently with gram-negative than with gram-positive organisms.
Chemical Warfare Agents (2007)

The first edition of this book, Chemical Warfare Agents: Toxicity at Low Levels, was published just prior to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. Reflecting a greater sense of urgency within the field of chemical defense since this event, research related to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) continues to expand at a remarkable pace. <
Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO<sub>2</sub> (2019)

We prepared micrometer long Cu nanowires (NWs) of 25 and 50 nm diameters and studied their electrocatalysis for electrochemical reduction of CO/CO<sub>2</sub> in 0.1 M KHCO<sub>3</sub> at room temperature. The 50 nm NWs showed better selectivity than the 25 nm NWs, and catalyzed CO reduction to C<sub>2</sub>-hydrocarbons (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) with a combined faradaic efficiency (FE) of 60% (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> FE of 35% and mass activity of 4.25 A g<sup>-1</sup> Cu) at -1.1 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). The NW-catalyzed CO<sub>2</sub> reduction is less efficient due to the extra CO<sub>2</sub> to CO step required for the formation of C<sub>2</sub>-hydrocarbons. This experimental evidence combined with DFT calculations suggests that CO is an important intermediate and NWs provide a large Cu(100) surface for *CO hydrogenation (to *CHO) and *CO-*CHO coupling, leading to more selective reduction of CO than CO<sub>2</sub> towards C<sub>2</sub>-hydrocarbons.
Microwave-enhanced aqueous biphasic dehydration of carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (2016)

We describe herein an efficient microwave-assisted aqueous biphasic dehydration of carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).
Collagen for brain repair: therapeutic perspectives (2018)

Biomaterials have increasingly become a focus of research on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Collagen, in terms of brain repair, presents many advantages such as being remarkably biocompatible, biodegradable, versatile and non-toxic. Collagen can be used to form injectable scaffolds and micro/nano spheres in order to: (i) locally release therapeutic factors with the aim of protecting degenerating neurons in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases, (ii) encapsulate stem cells for safe delivery, (iii) encapsulate genetically modified cells to provide a long term source of trophic factors, (iv) fill in the voids from injury to serve as a structural support and provide a permissive microenvironment to promote axonal growth. This mini-review summarizes different applications of collagen biomaterial for central nervous system protection and repair, as well as the future perspectives. Overall, collagen is a promising natural biomaterial with various applications which has the potential to progress the development of therapeutic strategies in central nervous system injuries and degeneration.
Analysis and Design of a High-Voltage-Gain Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Buck Converter (2012)

This paper presents an analysis on the effect of having different number of capacitors <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> in the first-stage switched-capacitor circuit of an improved hybrid switched-capacitor buck converter for high-voltage-gain conversion. Various aspects of the topology, operation, and efficiency are investigated. It is shown both analytically and experimentally that a higher <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> in the step-down capacitor stage does not necessarily lead to an overall improved power efficiency. A design and optimization method is thus proposed for the improved SC-buck converter.
Biomechanical activity devices to index wandering behaviour in dementia (2003)

Valid and reliable measures of wandering are needed to study this troubling behavior. Although researchers have used various perspectives, definitions, and approaches to study wandering, spontaneous ambulation is a key characteristic across all views. Biomechanical activity devices for capturing movement provide one way to index wandering. This study examined four devices with ambulatory nursing home residents with dementia (N = 178) who wore devices simultaneously during four observations. Among the Actillume, StepWatch, Step Sensor, and TriTrac-R3D, the StepWatch yielded data from the highest proportion of observations, explained the most variance (63.9 percent) among all instruments, and was acceptable to nursing staff. Although the Step Sensor was the staff's preferred device, its performance was least acceptable for research purposes. Results support use of the StepWatch in future studies of wandering.
Homeostatic plasticity during alcohol exposure promotes enlargement of dendritic spines (2006)

Modifications of the size, shape and number of dendritic spines is thought to be an important component of activity-dependent changes of neuronal circuits, and may play an important role in the plasticity of drug addiction. The present study examined whether homeostatic increases in synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in response to chronic ethanol exposure is associated with corresponding morphological changes in dendritic spines. Prolonged exposure of rat hippocampal cultures to either the NMDA receptor antagonist d(-)-2-amino-5-phosphono-pentanoic acid or to ethanol increased punctate staining of F-actin and the postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95). The increase in dendritic F-actin occurred only with clusters that co-localized with PSD-95 clusters, indicating that these actin structures likely represent dendritic spines. The ethanol-induced increases in PSD-95 and F-actin clusters were activity-dependent and reversible. Finally, inhibition of protein palmitoylation prevented ethanol-induced increases in synaptic NMDA receptor clustering and F-actin without altering the basal clustering of either F-actin or PSD-95. These observations support a model in which chronic ethanol exposure induces homeostatic increases of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors and PSD-95 to the postsynaptic density. This in turn may provide a scaffolding platform for the subsequent recruitment of actin signaling cascades that alter actin cycling and promote spine enlargement.
Circadian Variation of Insulin Requirement in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus The Relationship between Circadian Change in Insulin Demand and Diurnal Patterns of Growth Hormone, Cortisol and Glucagon during Euglycemia (1995)

In 13 subjects with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus the 24 hour insulin requirements to maintain euglycemia were assessed by means of feed back controlled insulin infusion. For the study steady state conditions, i.e. bed rest and fasting were required. Venous blood samples were collected, at 2 hour intervals, for the measurement of glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol. During the day, the insulin demand showed small changes. However, the early morning requirement for insulin was twice as much as the daytime demand (dawn phenomenon). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the insulin requirement between 6.00 to 8.00 hours in the morning and 12.00 to 16.00 hours in the afternoon. The plasma glucagon levels showed no significant changes during the euglycemic period (median range from 28.7 to 30.1 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). The median of the growth hormone level decreased throughout the night from a peak of 4.41 ng/ml at midnight to a nadir of 1.05 ng/ml at 4.00 hours. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the growth hormone concentration between midnight and the early morning. The cortisol concentration indicated a circadian variation. The median was significantly higher from 4.00 to 8.00 hours in comparison with the median at 20.00 to 24.00 hours (p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that the early morning rise in the insulin demand is related to the increased early morning cortisol secretion and to the nocturnal peaks of growth hormone concentration (p < 0.05).
A novel acquisition method of nuclear spectrum based on pulse area analysis (2014)

A novel method based on pulse area analysis(PAA) was presented for acquisition nuclear spectrum by the digitizer. PAA method can be used as a substitute for the traditional method of pulse height analysis (PHA). In the PAA method a commercial digitizer was employed to sample and sum in the pulse, and the area of pulse is proportional to the energy of the detected radiation. The results of simulation and experiment indicate the great advantages of PAA method, especially when the count rate is high and shaping time constant is small. When shaping time constant is 0.5us, the energy resolution of PAA is about 66% better than that of PHA.
[Preventative vaccination against EHV (equine herpesvirus) abortion]. (1988)

From 1981 until 1987 we investigated the more detailed circumstances regarding a prophylactic vaccination in altogether 37 stud farms with a history of virus abortion. In 23 cases, in which Prevaccinol and/or Resequin were used, it was found that the following of vaccination schedule and necessary immunization programmes respectively, had considerable imperfections. In seven cases prophylactic vaccinations were not carried out or corresponding questionnaires were not answered. The fact that in the present data no case of virus abortion was observed, when the mare was vaccinated according to the instructions within a regular vaccinated population, certainly speaks for the vaccination. Of course the inquiries made have also shown that in practice it is very difficult to meet all the requirements fixed in the instructions for immunization. But with regard to the general problems at control of herpes virus infections and at avoidance of any discrimination of the vaccination, these requirements may not be loosened. Those who are concerned must be aware of the fact that every variation of the vaccination instructions is linked to an increased risk of illness and that vaccination cannot substitute a sound management.
Determination of small amounts of silicon in high-purity iron (1958)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and tissue factor in HepG2 cells (1994)

HGF is a powerful mitogen for both rat and human hepatocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells in vitro, and is angiogenic in vivo. It has considerable homology with plasminogen and has been shown to upregulate urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in endothelial cells as well as u-PA and its receptor in kidney epithelial cells. In this study, we report that human recombinant HGF stimulates expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue factor (TF) in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. PAI-1 antigen as determined by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay increased up to threefold in conditioned media of HepG2. This increase was dose dependent with maximum stimulation achieved with a concentration of 50 ng/mL of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). PAI-1 antigen also increased up to fourfold in the extracellular matrix in HGF treated HepG2. The production of the PAI-1 binding protein vitronectin (Vn) was not affected by HGF. In contrast, TF activity in HepG2 treated with HGF increased up to twofold. As determined by Northern blotting, PAI-1 and TF-specific mRNA were increased significantly in the presence of HGF, whereas Vn mRNA was not affected. The increase in PAI-1 and TF mRNA was also seen when HepG2 were incubated with HGF in the presence of cycloheximide, thereby indicating that de novo protein synthesis is not required to mediate the effect. u-PA could be detected neither in unstimulated or HGF-stimulated HepG2 cells on the antigen level nor on the mRNA level. In conclusion, our data give evidence that HGF, in addition to its proliferative effect for different cell types, is also involved in the local regulation of fibrinolysis and coagulation. One could speculate that HGF might modulate processes requiring matrix degradation by increasing the expression of the protease u-PA in one cell type and by upregulating the expression of the serine protease inhibitor PAI-1 in a different cell type. Because u-PA has been shown to activate latent HGF to the active form, it could furthermore be speculated that by upregulating PAI-1, which in turn could inhibit u- PA, HGF might regulate its own activation.
Mechanism of charge storage in electron-beam or corona-charged silicon-dioxide electrets (1991)

Thermally-stimulated-discharge (TSD) measurements performed to investigate the electret charges on 1- mu m-thick, wet-grown SiO/sub 2/ are discussed. Charge decay curves at room temperature for a time period of more than three years are given. Influences of charging methods and substrate doping on charge stability are also discussed. Measurements of charge decay in short- and open-circuit TSD experiments show interesting phenomena that are interpreted, including discharge current peaks at temperatures >250 degrees C that were found in positively charged samples. An unexpected current reversal was observed in these experiments, and an explanation for this reversal is given. The generation by irradiation of traps in the bulk of SiO/sub 2/ with an electron beam is described. The Sessler method is used to calculate the traps' mean-spatial depths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visual fMRI Responses in Human Superior Colliculus Show a Temporal–Nasal Asymmetry That Is Absent in Lateral Geniculate and Visual Cortex (2006)

Eye patching has revealed enhanced saccadic latencies or attention effects when orienting toward visual stimuli presented in the temporal versus nasal hemifields of humans. Such behavioral advantages have been tentatively proposed to reflect possible temporal-nasal differences in the retinotectal pathway to the superior colliculus, rather than in the retinogeniculate pathway or visual cortex. However, this has not been directly tested with physiological measures in humans. Here, we examined responses of the human superior colliculus (SC) to contralateral visual field stimulation, using high spatial resolution fMRI, while manipulating which hemifield was stimulated and orthogonally which eye was patched. The SC responded more strongly to visual stimulation when eye-patching made this stimulation temporal rather than nasal. In contrast, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) plus retinotopic cortical areas V1-V3 did not show any temporal-nasal differences and differed from the SC in this respect. These results provide the first direct physiological demonstration in humans that SC shows temporal-nasal differences that LGN and early visual cortex apparently do not. This may represent a temporal hemifield bias in the strength of the retinotectal pathway, leading to a preference for the contralateral hemifield in the contralateral eye.