gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modifikation und Molmassenreduktion von Acrylnitril-Butadien-Copolymeren mittels Olefinmetathese (2010)

Hydrierter Nitrilkautschuk (H-NBR) zeichnet sich durch hervorragende mechanische Eigenschaften und sehr gute Beständigkeit gegen hohe Temperaturen sowie Öle aus. Bei der Herstellung einiger H-NBR-Typen wird die Molmasse der Vorstufen, der Acrylnitril-Butadien-Copolymere, durch Olefinmetathese reduziert. Die Untersuchung dieses Metatheseschritts, sowie die Modifikation des Kautschuks mit Hilfe dieser Reaktion war Ziel dieser Arbeit. Es wurden neuartige Katalysatoren getestet, sowie die Eigenschaften der Metathese-Produkte durch Änderung der Reaktionsbedingungen verbessert. Desweiteren gelang eine Funktionalisierung des Kautschuks durch Verwendung von funktionellen kurzkettigen Olefinen. Als alternativer Weg zu teilhydrierten Nitrilkautschuken wurde die Ring-öffnende Metathesepolymerisation von Cyanocyloocten aufgezeigt.
A Modified Space Vector Modulation Method for Fault-Tolerant Operation of Multilevel Converters (2015)

This paper proposes a new fault-tolerant strategy for the purpose of revamping the performance of three-phase multilevel (ML) converters with faulty switches. The proposed fault-tolerant strategy is based on an adaptation of the modified space vector modulation (SVM) technique to the fundamental phase-shift compensation method. The proposed fault-tolerant strategy generates balanced line-to-line voltages with increased voltage levels in the faulty condition. In this paper, first a brief background about cascaded H-bridge (CHB) ML converters and SVM technique is provided. Then the proposed fault-tolerant strategy and the modified SVM technique are presented. Finally, several experimental results are provided to validate operation of the proposed strategy.
Quantitative <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> analysis: The effects of noise, regularization, and multivoxel approaches (2009)

Typical quantitative T2 (qT2) analysis involves creating T2 distributions using a regularized algorithm from region-of-interest averaged decay data. This study uses qT2 analysis of simulated and experimental decay signals to determine how (a) noise-type, (b) regularization, and (c) region-of-interest versus multivoxel analyses affect T2 distributions. Our simulations indicate that regularization causes myelin water fraction and intra/extracellular water geometric mean T2 underestimation that worsens as the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. The underestimation was greater for intra/extracellular water geometric mean T2 measures using Rician noise. Simulations showed significant differences between myelin water fractions determined using region-of-interest and multivoxel approaches compared to the true value. The nonregularized voxel-based approach gave the most accurate measure of myelin water fraction and intra/extracellular water geometric mean T2 for a given signal-to-noise ratio and noise type. Additionally, multivoxel analysis provides important information about the variability of the analysis. Results obtained from in vivo rat data were similar to our simulation results. In each case, a nonregularized, multivoxel analysis provided myelin water fractions significantly different from the regularized approaches and obtained the largest myelin water fraction. We conclude that quantitative T2 analysis is best performed using a nonregularized, multivoxel approach.
Free radical synthesis of α,ω‐primary amino functionalized polyisoprene through the functional thermal inferter [bis(<i>N</i>‐(2‐phthalimidoethyl)piperazine)]thiuram disulfide (1994)

Abstract The primary amino functional iniferter [bis( N (2‐phthalimidoethyl)piperazine)]thiuram disulfide (PEPTD) was synthesied and characterized. Thermal polymerization of isoprene in the presence of the initiator afforded α,ω‐functionalized polyisoprene with primary amino end‐groups after cleavage of the phthalimido group with butylamine. The kinetics of polymerization of isoprene using this iniferter was studied at 80, 85, 90 and 100°C. Interestingly, isoprene showed a complex kinetic behavior. The different parameters, related to initiation, chain transfer and primary radical termination reactions, as well as the constants for thermal decomposition of the initiator, were determined. From the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy of the overall decomposition constant of PEPTD (2 f k d ) was calculated to be 110 kJ/mol. The functionality of the telechelics was examined by GPC.
Energy efficient learning solution for intrusion detection in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

The protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have a unique requirement for being of low complexity and energy-efficient. Due to their possible deployment in remote locations for civil, educational, scientific and military purposes, security, which includes intrusion detection and intrusion prevention, is of utmost importance. In this paper, we propose a simple, low complexity and energy-aware protocol for intrusion detection in WSN. The protocol is self-learning and distributed in nature. The distributed nature avoids all other nodes being sacrificed when a single node is compromised. The protocol juxtaposes the concept of stochastic learning automata on packet sampling mechanism to achieve an energy aware intrusion detection system. We have rigorously evaluated the performance of our proposed solution by performing a variety of experiments and have found our solution approach to be promising.
Charge Carrier Transport Properties of Biphenyl Liquid Crystals with a Dimer Structure (2009)

Abstract In order to have better understanding design of liquid crystalline molecules as organic semiconductors, we synthesized a series of biphenyl liquid crystals with a dimer structure such as 1,8-bis[4-(4′-butylbiphenyl)]octane (4BP8BP4) and 1,8-bis[4-(4′-octylbiphenyl)]octane (8BP8BP8) as a model material, and characterized their phase-transition behaviors and charge-transport properties. These biphenyl dimers exhibited smectic B (SmBhex) phase at higher temperatures and higher mobility, i.e., 5–6×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 that does not depend on temperature, compared with that of a corresponding monomer, 4-octyl-4′-butylbiphenyl (8BP4). We discuss the present result in a framework of disorder in the liquid crystal phase for an organic semiconductor.
Targeting a ceramide double bond improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis (2019)

Ceramides contribute to the lipotoxicity that underlies diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and heart disease. By genetically engineering mice, we deleted the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1), which normally inserts a conserved double bond into the backbone of ceramides and other predominant sphingolipids. Ablation of DES1 from whole animals or tissue-specific deletion in the liver and/or adipose tissue resolved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice caused by leptin deficiency or obesogenic diets. Mechanistic studies revealed ceramide actions that promoted lipid uptake and storage and impaired glucose utilization, none of which could be recapitulated by (dihydro)ceramides that lacked the critical double bond. These studies suggest that inhibition of DES1 may provide a means of treating hepatic steatosis and metabolic disorders.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Progranulin, but Not Serum Progranulin, Is Reduced in <b><i>GRN</i></b>-Negative Frontotemporal Dementia (2016)

Our results indicate that central nervous progranulin reduction is not restricted to the relatively rare cases of FTD caused by GRN LoF mutations, but also contributes to the more common GRN-negative forms of FTD. Central nervous progranulin reduction might reflect a partially distinct pathogenic mechanism underlying FTD neurodegeneration and is not directly linked to tau alterations.
Enantioselective conversion of anthranilic acid derivatives to chiral cyclohexanes. Total synthesis of (+)-pumiliotoxin C (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective conversion of anthranilic acid derivatives to chiral cyclohexanes. Total synthesis of (+)-pumiliotoxin CArthur G. Schultz, Patrick J. McCloskey, and John J. CourtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 21, 6493–6502Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00255a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00255a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1154Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Review of chirality and its importance in pharmacology (1991)

Abstract While many pharmacologists have become increasingly aware of the importance of chirality and the role it plays in accounting for the oftentimes dramatic differences in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of pure enantiomeric forms of therapeutic agents, there continues to be a significant lack of diligence regarding the need for properly identified stereochemicals in the scientific literature. All too frequently published reports and textbooks fail to adequately identify the stereochemical nature of the drugs utilized in a study Since the individual components of an enantiomeric pair typically have significant differences in their pharmacologic activities, the need for unambiguous descriptive nomenclature is evident. This review presents a summary of the various types of nomenclature utilized in the pharmacologic literature and their chemical bases. Several examples are described which illustrate the significant differences between enantiomeric forms of drugs and suggest possible theoretical bases for such differences. The need for continued awareness on the part of pharmacologists and the proper, unambiguous identification of stereolsomers in the scientific literature and labeling is stressed.
An Evaluation and Proposal of Growth Hormones in Beef (2011)

Sponsor, Juliana Frost; Senior Instructor, English Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs (ENG 141)
Electrochemistry at Nanoscale Electrodes: Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) and SWNT-Templated Metal Nanowires (2011)

Individual nanowires (NWs) and native single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be readily used as well-defined nanoscale electrodes (NSEs) for voltammetric analysis. Here, the simple photolithography-free fabrication of submillimeter long Au, Pt, and Pd NWs, with sub-100 nm heights, by templated electrodeposition onto ultralong flow-aligned SWNTs is demonstrated. Both individual Au NWs and SWNTs are employed as NSEs for electron-transfer (ET) kinetic quantification, using cyclic voltammetry (CV), in conjunction with a microcapillary-based electrochemical method. A small capillary with internal diameter in the range 30-70 μm, filled with solution containing a redox-active mediator (FcTMA(+) ((trimethylammonium)methylferrocene), Fe(CN)(6)(4-), or hydrazine) is positioned above the NSE, so that the solution meniscus completes an electrochemical cell. A 3D finite-element model, faithfully reproducing the experimental geometry, is used to both analyze the experimental CVs and derive the rate of heterogeneous ET, using Butler-Volmer kinetics. For a 70 nm height Au NW, intrinsic rate constants, k(0), up to ca. 1 cm s(-1) can be resolved. Using the same experimental configuration the electrochemistry of individual SWNTs can also be accessed. For FcTMA(+/2+) electrolysis the simulated ET kinetic parameters yield very fast ET kinetics (k(0) > 2 ± 1 cm s(-1)). Some deviation between the experimental voltammetry and the idealized model is noted, suggesting that double-layer effects may influence ET at the nanoscale.
Solution-Phase Library Synthesis of Furanoses (2002)

The solution-phase synthesis of amido-, urea-, and aminofuranoses was achieved. Alkylated furanose aldehydes were treated with primary amines in the presence of sodium triacetoxyborohydride to give secondary amines. Subsequent acylation with acid chlorides and isocyanates afforded amidofuranoses and ureafuranoses, respectively. Second, reductive amination of furanose aldehydes with secondary amines yielded tertiary amines. The resulting acetonides were treated with alcohols in the presence of acid to yield mixed acetals. In the library syntheses, functionalized scavenger resins were used in the purification of intermediates and products.
Kinetics of the intramolecular four-center elimination of isobutylene from triisobutylaluminum in the gas phase (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the intramolecular four-center elimination of isobutylene from triisobutylaluminum in the gas phaseKurt W. EggerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 11, 2867–2871Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01039a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01039a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Further studies on the properties of bile acids. II. Effect of bile acids on the reactivity of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in rat intestine. (1986)

The effects of bile acids (deoxycholic, cholic and dehydrocholic) were studied on the action of certain autonomic system drugs (isoprenaline, adrenaline, noradrenaline and acetylcholine). It was also tried to explain the causes of these changes in the light of the results of experiments with the widely used antagonists of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. The experiments were carried out on isolated rat intestine by the method of Magnus. It was found that bile acids decreased the relaxing effect of isoprenaline and caused inversion of the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the intestine. Changes in the action of catecholamines are caused by stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors enhanced by bile acids, with a simultaneous decreased stimulation of beta-receptors. Bile acids cause also an increase of the effect of acetylcholine on the intestine.
Robust Transmission of Multi-View Video Streams using Flexible Macroblock Ordering and Systematic LT Codes (2007)

The transmission of fully compatible H.264/AVC multi-view video coded streams over packet erasure networks is examined. Macroblock classification into unequally important slice groups is considered using the flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) tool of H.264/AVC. Systematic LT codes are used for error protection due to their low complexity and advanced performance. The optimal slice grouping and channel rate allocation are jointly determined by an iterative optimization algorithm based on dynamic programming. The experimental evaluation clearly demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.
Albunex-a new ultrasound contrast agent (1993)

Albunex (Molecular Biosystems Inc (MBI), San Diego, USA and Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway) is the first ultrasound contrast agent that is stable enough to show transpulmonary passage. This implies that the contrast agent can be injected intravenously and still give contrast in the left side of the heart. Albunex is made by sonication of a 5% solution of human albumin. This process generates air bubbles encapsulated by a shell of aggregated albumin. The air-filled microspheres have characteristics similar to those of air bubbles in water, with respect to both backscatter and attenuation of the ultrasound signal. Clinical studies have shown that Albunex is a safe product. We have documented the diagnostic efficacy of Albunex for the study of the anatomy and function of the heart, but more research needs to be done to document its diagnostic efficacy for the study of myocardial perfusion and Doppler enhancement. Acoustical properties of Albunex are discussed.
Design of aeration towers to strip volatile contaminants from drinking water (1980)

Chlorohydrocarbon solvents in concentrations up to 1 mg/L are being found with disturbing frequency in ground and surface water supplies across the US. In addition, trihalomethane levels in many water systems exceed the federal standard of 0.1 mg/L. Preliminary analyses suggest that aeration may be a cost‐effective process for removal of these trace organic contaminants. The authors have developed a procedure for the process design of air stripping in packed towers for the removal of volatile organic contaminants, which follow Henry's law at low concentrations. The design methodology incorporates the effects on system design of water and air temperature, volatility of the contaminant, and type and size of packing. It provides an analytical method for estimating the relative cost of air stripping for removal of volatile organic compounds, as well as a quantitative framework for design and evaluation of pilot plant studies.
The Signal Processing Information Base: a road to electronic information exchange (2002)

The Signal Processing Information Base (SPIB) project, funded by the NSF and supported by the Signal Processing Society, represents a first attempt to make widely available data, papers, software, and paper in a timely, effective fashion. Information dissemination via computer networks and sifting through information with search software would seem straightforward. However, modern publication involves not only prose, but also tables, graphics, plots, and many kinds of data displays-images, which makes the representation problem more severe. Policy oriented issues such as peer review and copyright have also emerged to complicate the desire to publish information quickly and widely. As the SPIB evolves, in concert with similar projects in a wide variety of disciplines, into a seamless, cross-linked, indexed, computer network that makes information available rapidly, these difficulties will intensify unless software environments are created that can support high-speed networks and platforms, and publication policies change to facilitate rapid dissemination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inactivation of Two Diverse Enzymes in the Amidinotransferase Superfamily by 2-Chloroacetamidine:  Dimethylargininase and Peptidylarginine Deiminase (2005)

The enzymes dimethylargininase [dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH); EC 3.5.3.18] and peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD; EC 3.5.3.15) catalyze hydrolysis of substituted arginines. Due to their role in normal physiology and pathophysiology, both enzymes have been identified as potential drug targets, but few useful inhibitors have been reported. Here, we find that 2-chloroacetamidine irreversibly inhibits both DDAH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and human PAD4 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, despite the nonoverlapping substrate specificities and low levels of amino acid identity of their catalytic domains. Substrate protection experiments indicate that inactivation occurs by modification at the active site, albeit with modest affinity. Mass spectral analysis demonstrates that irreversible inactivation of DDAH occurs through selective formation of a covalent thioether bond with the active-site Cys249 residue. The mechanism of inactivation by 2-chloroacetamidine is analogous to that of chloromethyl ketones, a set of inhibitors that have found wide application because of their specific covalent modification of active-site residues in serine and cysteine proteases. Likewise, 2-chloroacetamidine may potentially find wide applicability as a general pharmacophore useful in delineating characteristics of the amidinotransferase superfamily.
High expression of a novel carnitine palmitoyltransferase I like protein in rat brown adipose tissue and heart: isolation and characterization of its cDNA clone (1995)

To characterize energy metabolism in rat brown adipose tissue (BAT), we carried out differential screening of a cDNA library of BAT with a cDNA probe of white adipose tissue (WAT) and isolated one cDNA clone. It contained a single open reading frame of 2,316 bases which encodes a protein of 88.2 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence showed the highest homology (62.6%) with that of rat carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI). The transcript corresponding to this cDNA was found to be abundantly expressed in BAT and heart. Therefore, the isolated clone is concluded to encode a CPTI like protein expressed in BAT and heart.
Tuning of Schottky barrier heights by silicidation induced impurity segregation (2006)

Schottky barrier height engineering by silicidation induced impurity segregation is demonstrated. The segregation of sulfur at the NiSi/Si interface leads to a gradual decrease of the SBH on n-Si
Instituto de enseñanza secundaria en Humilladero. Málaga (2002)

El discurso proyectual se mueve entre dos presupuestos de planteamiento aparentemente antagonicos: por una parte, la necesidad de dotar a la nueva edificacion de una imagen singular y caracteristica, acorde con su condicion de edificio publico y, por otra, la exigencia de proponer su integracion armonica en el contexto general. La cuestion se aborda desde la fragmentacion del programa en una serie de piezas edificadas, que son posteriormente relacionadas y articuladas desde las consideraciones y tensiones que emanan de aquel entorno inmediato.
Genetic and Molecular Bases of Rice Yield (2010)

Grain yield in rice is a complex trait multiplicatively determined by its three component traits: number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight; all of which are typical quantitative traits. The developments in genome mapping, sequencing, and functional genomic research have provided powerful tools for investigating the genetic and molecular bases of these quantitative traits. Dissection of the genetic bases of the yield traits based on molecular marker linkage maps resolved hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits. Mutant analyses and map-based cloning of QTLs have identified a large number of genes required for the basic processes underlying the initiation and development of tillers and panicles, as well as genes controlling numbers and sizes of grains and panicles. Molecular characterization of these genes has greatly advanced the mechanistic understanding of the regulation of these rice yield traits. These findings have significant implications in crop genetic improvement.