gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gelatinization Properties of Starches from Three Successive Generations of Six Exotic Corn Lines Grown in Two Locations (2004)

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to evaluate the intra‐ and interpopulation variability in gelatinization properties of starches from exotic corn lines and their derivatives when grown 1) during two successive years in the same location; and 2) in both temperate and tropical environments. Six novel exotic corn lines (two 100% exotic and four 25% exotic derived from a breeding cross developed by crossing an exotic hybrid with Corn Belt lines) were selected for this research because their starches have significantly different (and potentially useful) thermal properties from those found in starch from normal Corn Belt corn. The S n ( n = 3 for 25% exotic lines and n = 1 for 100% exotic lines) generations of the six exotic lines were self‐pollinated and grown in the winter nursery in Puerto Rico. Two successive generations (S n+1 and S n+2 ) of lines selected for low onset of gelatinization temperature were self‐pollinated and grown in the same environment near Ames, IA. To evaluate the effect of environment, the S n+2 generation also was self‐pollinated and grown in the winter nursery in Puerto Rico. Thermal properties of starches from 10 single kernels from each line were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a ratio of 4 mg of dry starch to 8 mg of distilled water. After subsequent generations, the differences in DSC gelatinization properties between selected kernels within each progeny line narrowed, suggesting increased homogeneity of starch structural properties within each line. Unusual thermal properties were fixed in some progeny lines. Environmental factors also affected the thermal properties of starch and a significant interaction between environment and genotype was observed. These results suggest that introgression of adapted germplasm with useful genes from exotic corn would increase the available genetic variability for starch functionality and allow the development of hybrids with important value‐added traits.
Development of New Retarder Systems To Mitigate Differential Cement Setting in Long Deep Liners (2007)

Abstract When cementing liners, the cement must develop compressive strength at the top of the liner before drilling is resumed. If drilling is delayed in order to acquire the compressive strength at top of the liner, it can result in excessive delays on cement (WOC) time which can exceed 24 hours. Cement slurries with conventional retarders often achieve acceptable thickening times under dynamic conditions. Sometimes these cement slurries do not produce rapid compressive strength under static conditions. The aim of this study is to develop optimized retarder systems for cements that are exposed to BHST of 400 °F at the bottom of liner (BOL) and 330 °F at the top of the liner (TOL). More than ten retarders including lignosulfonate, ethylene glycol, and aromatic polymer derivatives were evaluated to provide extended thickening times for extreme high temperature cement slurries, while having minimal effect on sonic strength development. The lab studies included comparison between various retarders and their performances of thickening time, sonic strength development, free water, fluid loss, rheology, and gas migration control. Two new retarded systems were developed. The first system is used for non-latex cements for wells that do not show indications of gas or fluid flow. The second cement system includes latex and is recommended for cases where there is potential for gas migration. The new retarder systems were effectively applied in the field. The paper will address lab studies that led to the development of new retarders.
Peak power bi-directional transfer from high speed flywheel to electrical regulated bus voltage system: a practical proposal for vehicular technology (1998)

This paper provides a design outline and implementation procedure for a secondary energy storage unit (SESU) that can be used to meet the peak energy requirements of an electric vehicle during both acceleration and regenerative braking. The life cycle of the electric vehicle's batteries can be extended considerably by supplying peak energy requirements from a secondary source. A simulation study was conducted to determine the peak power and energy requirements over the SAE recommended electric vehicle test procedure. A scaled prototype SESU was built using flywheel energy storage, and tests were performed to determine the energy transfer capabilities of a flywheel coupled high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine through the proposed system's energy storage tank. Results are presented that indicate the necessity of the energy storage tank. An evaluation of the proposed system is also included which indicates the practicality of the system when compared to conventional regenerative control techniques.
Reference plane parasitics modeling and their contribution to the power and ground path "effective" inductance as seen by the output drivers (1994)

Modeling of the current distribution in package reference (power and ground) planes and the extraction of the associated parasitics are presented. Electrical network and equivalent circuit are developed to model the chip-package interface including the effects of V/sub DD//V/sub SS/ planes. For single- and multichip packages, methods of calculating the "effective" inductance (L/sub eff/) as seen by the output drivers from their on-chip V/sub DD/ and V/sub SS/ buses to the tip of the package pin are explained. Variations from the conventional method (where all connections are assumed identical) of calculating L/sub eff/ are analyzed. Closed-form equations are given to estimate the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) on the on-chip V/sub DD//V/sub SS/ buses for packaged CMOS circuits. The contribution of reference plane (with and without perforation) parasitics on the SSN are investigated. Optimal package pin placement to minimize the plane inductance is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unsupervised learning of natural languages (2005)

We address the problem, fundamental to linguistics, bioinformatics, and certain other disciplines, of using corpora of raw symbolic sequential data to infer underlying rules that govern their production. Given a corpus of strings (such as text, transcribed speech, chromosome or protein sequence data, sheet music, etc.), our unsupervised algorithm recursively distills from it hierarchically structured patterns. The adios (automatic distillation of structure) algorithm relies on a statistical method for pattern extraction and on structured generalization, two processes that have been implicated in language acquisition. It has been evaluated on artificial context-free grammars with thousands of rules, on natural languages as diverse as English and Chinese, and on protein data correlating sequence with function. This unsupervised algorithm is capable of learning complex syntax, generating grammatical novel sentences, and proving useful in other fields that call for structure discovery from raw data, such as bioinformatics.
Assessing Test Data (2007)

Online partial discharge (PD) testing has been used for more than half a century to provide useful information for diagnosing and monitoring the integrity of stator winding insulation of large generators and motors. Interest in online PD detection and monitoring has as the technology, which was originally used on machines rated higher than 10,000 V, has expanded its application to the smaller, lower-voltage (e.g., 4,160 or 6,900 V) machines. However, questions remain on how to assess stator insulation problems using PD test data. This article documents the most recent developments in research and applicable guides and standards related to online PD monitoring on rotating machines.
Zur Konstitution der verschiedenen Verbindungen C<sub>5</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Über die Perchlorderivate von Cyclopenten‐(1)‐dion‐(3.5), Pyron‐(2) und Protoanemonin (1960)

Abstract Die Darstellung der im Titel der Arbeit genannten, zum Teil schon länger bekannten aber irrtümlich gedeuteten Verbindungen C 5 Cl 4 O 2 wurde verbessert und ihre Konstitution durch neue Reaktionen sowie durch IR‐ und UV‐spektroskopische Vergleiche endgültig bewiesen. – Perchlor‐cyclopenten‐(1)‐dion‐(3.5) lagert sich unter der Wirkung von Oleum in Perchlor‐protoanemonin um. Als gemeinsames Zwischenprodukt tritt beim Alkaliabbau beider Verbindungen die 5H‐Tetrachlor‐penten‐(2)‐on‐(4)‐säure‐(1) auf. – Das durch thermische Zersetzung von Perchlor‐pentadien‐(1.3)‐säure‐(5) erhältliche Perchlor‐pyron‐(2) geht mit Ammoniak in 3.4.5‐Trichlor‐2.4‐dihydroxy‐pyridin über. Tetrachlor‐pyridon‐(2) und N ‐substituierte Derivate desselben sind durch thermische Zersetzung entsprechender Perchlor‐pentadien‐(1.3)‐säure‐(5)‐amide leicht zugänglich.
Metal coordination polymers. I. Synthesis and thermogravimetric analysis of beryllium phosphinate polymers (1968)

Abstract The preparation, properties, infrared, DTA, and TGA data are given for beryllium dimethyl‐, tetramethylene‐, di‐ n ‐butyl‐, di‐ n ‐pentyl‐, di‐ n ‐heptyl‐, methylphenyl‐, diphenyl‐, and bispentafluorophenylphosphinates. Synthesis of dimeric beryllium acetylacetonyl phenyl‐[ o ‐methylcarboranyl ( B 10 )] phosphinate is reported. The beryllium phosphinates were prepared by the reaction of beryllium acetylacetonate with the appropriate phosphinic acid.
Genetic Incorporation of Twelve <i>meta</i>-Substituted Phenylalanine Derivatives Using a Single Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutant (2012)

When coexpressed with its cognate amber suppressing tRNACUAPyl(CUA), a pyrrolysyltRNA synthetase mutant N346A/C348A is able to genetically incorporate 12 meta-substituted phenylalanine derivatives into proteins site-specifically at amber mutation sites in Escherichia coli. These genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids resemble phenylalanine in size and contain diverse bioorthogonal functional groups such as halide, trifluoromethyl, nitrile, nitro,ketone, alkyne, and azide moieties. The genetic installation of these functional groups in proteins provides multiple ways to site-selectively label proteins with biophysical and biochemical probes for their functional investigations. We demonstrate that a genetically incorporated trifluoromethyl group can be used as a sensitive 19F NMR probe to study protein folding/unfolding, and that genetically incorporated reactive functional groups such as ketone,alkyne, and azide moieties can be applied to site-specifically label proteins with fluorescent probes. This critical discovery allows the synthesis of proteins with diverse bioorthogonal functional groups for a variety of basic studies and biotechnology development using a single recombinant expression system.
Treating Osteoarthritis With Cyclooxygenase-2–Specific Inhibitors (2004)

Osteoarthritis and hypertension are highly prevalent among older Americans. Anti-inflammatory medications can destabilize blood pressure control. We estimated the decreased cardiovascular risk, premature mortality, and direct health care costs that could be avoided if blood pressure control is not destabilized among hypertensive Americans taking cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific inhibitors for osteoarthritis. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) provided the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors among American adults with osteoarthritis and hypertension. The Cardiovascular Disease Life Expectancy Model was used to estimate the impact of a 2.26% increase in systolic blood pressure on the basis of results of a randomized trial comparing COX-2-specific inhibitors. A similar analysis was completed for American adults with osteoarthritis and untreated hypertension (> or =140/90 mm Hg). Among 7.3 million Americans with treated hypertension, maintaining blood pressure control would avoid >30,000 stroke deaths and 2,000 coronary deaths resulting in >449,000 person years of life saved and 1.4 billion dollars in direct health care cost savings. When an additional 3.8 million Americans with untreated hypertension are considered, maintaining blood pressure control could prevent >47,000 stroke deaths, 39,000 coronary deaths, and result in 668,000 person years of life saved and >2.4 billion dollars in direct health care cost savings. We conclude that even a small increase in systolic blood pressure among hypertensive Americans with osteoarthritis may substantially increase the clinical and economic burden of cardiovascular disease. Maintaining blood pressure control may be associated with substantial benefits.
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics: why is this relevant to the clinical geneticist? (1999)

Adverse drug reactions, due at least in part to interindividual variability in drug response, rank between the 4th and 6th leading causes of death in the USA. The field of 'pharmacogenetics', which is 'the study of variability in drug response due to heredity', should help in reducing drug-caused morbidity and mortality. The recently coined term 'pharmacogenomics' usually refers to 'the field of new drug development based on our rapidly increasing knowledge of all genes in the human genome'. However, the two terms - pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics - are often used interchangeably. A classification of more than five dozen pharmacogenetic differences is presented here. Most of these variations occur in drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) genes, with some presumed to exist in the DME receptor and drug transporter genes, and others have not yet been explained on a molecular basis. A method for unequivocally defining a quantitative phenotype (drug efficacy, toxicity, etc.) is proposed; this is where help from the clinical geneticist can be especially important. Our current appreciation of the degree of variability (including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) in the human genome is described, with emphasis on the need to prove that a particular genotype is indeed the cause of a specific phenotype; this topic has been termed 'functional genomics'. Furthermore, the current amount of admixture amongst almost all ethnic groups will obviously make studies of gene-drug interactions more complicated, as will the withholding of ethnic information about DNA samples during any molecular epidemiologic study. DME genes and DME receptor and drug transporter genes can be regarded as 'modifier genes', because they influence disorders as diverse as risk of cancer, bone marrow toxicity resulting from occupational exposure, and Parkinson's disease; for this reason, the clinical geneticist, as well as the medical genetics counselor, should be knowledgeable in the rapidly expanding fields of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
Mass spectrometry of solids (1963)

This article describes the techniques used for the isotopic and chemical analysis of solid materials employing the mass spectrometer as an analytical tool. It describes in detail the types of ion sources and detectors needed for this work, and reviews some of the more recent developments in these fields. Spark source mass spectrometry is discussed, and applications of the mass spectrometer to nuclear physics, isotope dilution, geology, thermodynamic studies and field ionization are discussed.
Temperature dependence of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>structural parameters close to the α–δ phase transition (2010)

This article presents the results of in situ X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical impedance spectroscopy of the α-phase of Bi2O3, at 0.1 MPa in the temperature range below and above the α–δ-phase transition. This work demonstrated subtle nonlinear temperature variations of the cell parameters, of the hard-mode Raman shift, and of the activation energy of electrical conductivity in the temperature range about 100–120°C below the α–δ phase transition temperature T Tr ≈ 725°C in Bi2O3. At T < 600°C, the linear variation of the inverse dielectric susceptibility (χ −1) correlates well with the hard mode frequency shift Δ(ω 2) of Raman A1g mode as Δ(χ −1)/Δ(ω 2) ≈ 5.5 × 10−7 cm2. A structural model describing the mechanism of O2− anion distribution and electric dipole disordering in the vicinity of T Tr is discussed.
Recognition of Specific Ubiquitin Conjugates Is Important for the Proteolytic Functions of the Ubiquitin-associated Domain Proteins Dsk2 and Rad23 (2002)

Ubiquitin (Ub) regulates important cellular processes through covalent attachment to its substrates. The fate of a substrate depends on the number of ubiquitin moieties conjugated, as well as the lysine linkage of Ub-Ub conjugation. The major function of Ub is to regulate the in vivo half-life of its substrates. Once a multi-Ub chain is attached to a substrate, it must be shielded from deubiquitylating enzymes for the 26 S proteasome to recognize it. Molecular mechanisms of the postubiquitylation processes are poorly understood. Here, we have characterized a family of proteins that preferentially binds ubiquitylated substrates and multi-Ub chains through a motif termed the ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA). Our in vivo genetic analysis demonstrates that such interactions require specific lysine residues of Ub that are important for Ub chain formation. We show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking two of these UBA proteins, Dsk2 and Rad23, are deficient in protein degradation mediated by the UFD pathway and that the intact UBA motif of Dsk2 is essential for its function in proteolysis. Dsk2 and Rad23 can form a complex(es), suggesting that they cooperate to recognize a subset of multi-Ub chains and deliver the Ub-tagged substrates to the proteasome. Our results suggest a molecular mechanism for differentiation of substrate fates, depending on the precise nature of the mono-Ub or multi-Ub lysine linkage, and provide a foundation to further investigate postubiquitylation events.
SUBCUTANEOUS ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA (1969)

Journal Article SUBCUTANEOUS ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA Get access G. C. WELLS, G. C. WELLS St. Thomas's Hospital and St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. W. WHIMSTER I. W. WHIMSTER St. Thomas's Hospital and St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 January 1969, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15914.x Published: 01 January 1969 Article history Accepted: 28 June 1968 Published: 01 January 1969
Low-Cost Hydrogen Sensor in the ppm Range with Purely Optical Readout (2020)

Due to the changing global climate, the role of renewable energy sources is of increasing importance. Hydrogen can play an important role as an energy carrier in the transition from fossil fuels. However, to ensure safe operations, a highly reliable and sensitive hydrogen sensor is required for leakage detection. We present a sensor design with purely optical readout that reliably operates between 50 and 100,000 ppm. The building block of the sensor is a reactive sample that consists of a layered structure with palladium nanodisks as the top layer and changes its optical properties depending on the external hydrogen partial pressure. We use a fiber-coupled setup consisting of an LED, a sensor body containing the reactive sample, and a photodiode to probe and read out the reflectance of the sample. This allows separation of the explosive detection area from the operating electronics and thus comes with an inherent protection against hydrogen ignition by electronic malfunctions. Our results prove that this sensor design provides a large detection range, fast response times, and enhanced robustness against aging compared to conventional thin-film technologies. Especially, the simplicity, feasibility, and scalability of the presented approach yield a holistic approach for industrial hydrogen monitoring.
Machine-Based Morphologic Analysis of Glioblastoma Using Whole-Slide Pathology Images Uncovers Clinically Relevant Molecular Correlates (2013)

Pathologic review of tumor morphology in histologic sections is the traditional method for cancer classification and grading, yet human review has limitations that can result in low reproducibility and inter-observer agreement. Computerized image analysis can partially overcome these shortcomings due to its capacity to quantitatively and reproducibly measure histologic structures on a large-scale. In this paper, we present an end-to-end image analysis and data integration pipeline for large-scale morphologic analysis of pathology images and demonstrate the ability to correlate phenotypic groups with molecular data and clinical outcomes. We demonstrate our method in the context of glioblastoma (GBM), with specific focus on the degree of the oligodendroglioma component. Over 200 million nuclei in digitized pathology slides from 117 GBMs in the Cancer Genome Atlas were quantitatively analyzed, followed by multiplatform correlation of nuclear features with molecular and clinical data. For each nucleus, a Nuclear Score (NS) was calculated based on the degree of oligodendroglioma appearance, using a regression model trained from the optimal feature set. Using the frequencies of neoplastic nuclei in low and high NS intervals, we were able to cluster patients into three well-separated disease groups that contained low, medium, or high Oligodendroglioma Component (OC). We showed that machine-based classification of GBMs with high oligodendroglioma component uncovered a set of tumors with strong associations with PDGFRA amplification, proneural transcriptional class, and expression of the oligodendrocyte signature genes MBP, HOXD1, PLP1, MOBP and PDGFRA. Quantitative morphologic features within the GBMs that correlated most strongly with oligodendrocyte gene expression were high nuclear circularity and low eccentricity. These findings highlight the potential of high throughput morphologic analysis to complement and inform human-based pathologic review.
Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Interleukin-2 Gene-Transduced Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells Versus Transduced Mammary Stromal Fibroblasts (1993)

Our studies caution against the use of IL-2 gene-transduced syngeneic stromal cells as an alternative strategy of gene therapy for cancer. However, they may allow study of the mechanisms of tumor antigen recognition and the possible involvement of co-stimulatory signals for effective tumor vaccination by gene-modified cells.
Fatal hepatocyte necrosis induced in mice with experimental autoimmune hepatitis. (1987)

近交系C57BL/6(B6)マウスに同系肝抗原をFreund's complete adjuvant (FCA)と共に免疫して実験肝炎を発症させた後,大腸菌菌膜成分のlipopoly-saccharide (LPS)を投与し,病態及び肝組織像を検索した.25μgのLPS(正常B6マウスLD50の約1/20量)1回投与により,48時間以内に約60%が死亡し,生存マウスにも広範な肝壊死と血中GOT, LDH等の増加がみられた.他臓器にはほとんど変化は認められなかった.一方正常B6マウスにFCAのみを投与したコントロールマウスに同量のLPSを投与した群では軽度の肝細胞変性を認めるにとどまった.肝抗原とFCAを1又は2回免疫したマウスにLPS投与を行なっても劇症化は起こらず,予め十分な単核球浸潤を伴う肝炎像の成立している事がLPS投与後の肝障害劇症化に重要と思われた.また肝壊死の発症にはマウス個体差及びstrain差がみられ,肝壊死像はB6マウスに強く,BALB/Cでは循環不全を主体とした変化が認められた.
Protection of the Coronary Arteries During Epicardial Radiofrequency Ablation with Intracoronary Chilled Saline Irrigation: Assessment in an In Vitro Model (2006)

Intracoronary irrigation with chilled saline may protect the coronary artery endothelium from heat-induced damage during epicardial RFA.