gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevated Insulin/Glucagon Ratios and Decreased Cyclic AMP Levels Accompany the Glycogen and Triglyceride Storage Syndrome in the Hypothyroid Chick (1980)

The role of endogenous glucagon and insulin on the hepatic glycogen and triglyceride storage syndrome in propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism was investigated in the chick. PTU feeding in the diet resulted in a progressive increase in liver glycogen concentration associated with a concomitant decrease in hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity. Plasma glucagon level was significantly decreased and insulin significantly increased after two days of PTU administration. These enzyme and hormone changes were associated with a significant increase in hepatic glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and a decrease in cyclic AMP levels. Although our results do not directly prove, the data does suggest that the hepatic glycogen storage syndrome observed in the PTU-induced hypothyroidism in the chick is mediated through changes in pancreatic glucagon and insulin secretion. The extent of glycogen accumulation was inversely related to G-6-Pase which is a rate limiting glycogenolytic enzyme. A significant increase in the plasma insulin/glucagon ratio, along with a significant decrease in the hepatic cyclic AMP concentration, could most likely also account for the excessive hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the PTU-treated chicks.
C5a stimulates the proliferation of breast cancer cells via Akt-dependent RGC-32 gene activation (2014)

Complement system activation contributes to various immune and inflammatory diseases, as well as cancers.However, the role of complement activation in the proliferation of cancer cells is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of complement activation on the proliferation of breast cancer cells and its possible mechanisms. We focused our study on the potential roles of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in the proliferation of human breast cancer, as two important immune mediators generated after complement activation. Our study revealed that C5a stimulation, but not C3a, enhanced the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, the expression of response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) was pronounced in breast cancer cells in response to C5a stimulation. Notably, blockade of the C5a receptor markedly reduced the expression of RGC-32 and the proliferation of breast cancer cells stimulated by C5a. Meanwhile, silencing of RGC-32 expression reduced the proliferation of breast cancer cells induced by C5a treatment. Further investigation revealed that Akt activation was involved in C5a-induced RGC-32 expression and breast cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, the present study indicates that C5a may promote the proliferation of breast cancer cells through Akt1 activation of the RGC-32 gene.
Status of the p53, Rb and MDM2 genes in canine osteosarcoma. (1999)

The key role of p53 and Rb alterations in human osteosarcoma is clear. For example, osteosarcoma is common in individuals inheriting mutant p53 or Rb genes. Osteosarcoma in dogs is similar to humans by histology, site, gender ratio and several other biological parameters. To study whether this similarity extends to the molecular level, 21 canine osteosarcomas were analyzed for alterations of p53, Rb and MDM2. MDM2 is a normal cell protein which antagonizes p53, amplification is seen in some human sarcomas. The gross structure of the p53, Rb and MDM2 genes was examined by Southern blotting. No deletions or rearrangements of the p53 or Rb genes were detected. The absence of gross gene alterations affecting these tumor suppressor genes is a significant difference between the disease in dogs and humans, since rearrangements or deletions of the p53 or Rb genes occur in 20-30 per cent of human osteosarcomas. The MDM2 gene appeared to be duplicated in one canine tumor but no cases of significant amplification were detected. Expression of normal Rb was detected in all cases. Mutations of the p53 gene were found in 38 percent of canine osteosarcomas. Analysis of mutations revealed a predominance of spontaneous mutation. These finding emphasize the key role that alterations of p53 have in the development of osteosarcoma in dogs and humans.
Design of multigigabit multiplexer-loop-based decision feedback equalizers (2005)

This paper presents novel approaches for pipelining of parallel nested multiplexer loops and decision feedback equalizers (DFEs) based on look-ahead techniques. Look-ahead techniques can be applied to pipeline a nested multiplexer loop in many possible ways. It is shown that not all the look-ahead approaches necessarily result in improved performance. A novel look-ahead approach is identified, which can guarantee improvement in performance either in the form of pipelining or parallelism. The proposed technique is demonstrated and applied to design multiplexer-loop-based DFEs with throughput in the range of 3.125-10 Gb/s.
Biosensor Technology and Surface Plasmon Resonance for Real-Time Detection of Genetically Modified Roundup Ready Soybean Gene Sequences (2002)

Biospecific interaction analysis (BIA) was performed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biosensor technologies to detect genetically modified Roundup Ready soybean gene sequences. We first immobilized, on SA sensor chips, single-stranded biotinylated oligonucleotides containing soybean lectin and Roundup Ready gene sequences, and the efficiency of hybridization to oligonucleotide probes differing in length was determined. Second, we immobilized biotinylated PCR products from nontransgenic soybeans (genomes carrying only the lectin gene), as well as from genetically modified Roundup Ready soybean, and we injected the oligonucleotide probes. Furthermore, we used the sensor chips carrying either lectin and Roundup Ready soybean PCR products or 21-mer oligonucleotide as probes, and we injected both nonpurified and purified asymmetric PCR products. The results obtained show that 13 and 15 mer oligonucleotides are suitable probes to detect genetically modified Roundup Ready soybean gene sequences (either target oligonucleotides or PCR products) under standard BIA experimental conditions. By contrast, when 11 mer DNA probes were employed, no efficient hybridization was obtained. All the SPR-based formats were found to be useful for detection of Roundup Ready gene sequences, suggesting that these procedures are useful for the real-time monitoring of hybridization between target single-stranded PCR products, obtained by using as substrates DNA isolated from normal or transgenic soybeans, and oligonucleotide or PCR-generated probes, therefore enabling a one-step, nonradioactive protocol to perform detection.
Could Green be Greener? Novel Donor–Acceptor‐Type Electrochromic Polymers: Towards Excellent Neutral Green Materials with Exceptional Transmissive Oxidized States for Completion of RGB Color Space (2008)

Novel donor–acceptor-type polymers, PTBPEQ and PDPEQ, are synthesized and shown to be neutral-state green polymeric materials with excellent transmissive oxidized states. Exceptional long-term stability even after 5000 cycles, ease of electrochemical synthesis, and extremely fast switching times make these polymers paramount choices for the green component of polymer electrochromic display applications. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/c1979_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Structural design of broken contact doublets with prespecified aberration targets using genetic algorithm (2002)

This paper presents an implementation of a genetic algorithm in the structural design of broken contact doublets according to a prespecified set of Gaussian characteristics and primary aberration targets. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the algorithm in finding out global as well as useful local optima and its dependence on some parameters characterizing the genetic operators. Actual glasses are taken as variables. Some illustrative examples are given.
Allozyme Variation and Morphological Relationships of Chenopodium hircinum (s.l.) (1988)

The domesticated Andean grain chenopod, Chenopodium quinoa, is sympatric with closely related wild types that are classified as two species. Large-fruited (1.5-1.8 mm diam.), broad- leaved plants are placed with C. quinoa, as either subsp. milleanum or var. melanospermum. Plants with smaller fruits (1.0-1.5 mm) and rhombic to tri-lobed leaves are treated as Andean varieties of C. hircinum, a species originally described from the eastern plains of South America. This alignment was evaluated by comparative analysis of electrophoretic and morphometric data taken from pop- ulations occurring throughout the range of C. hircinum (s.l.). Samples from the eastern Andean slopes and plains of Argentina (C. hircinum s. str.) form a coherent group that is positioned at one extreme in the pattern of leaf and fruit variation. These samples, characterized by small, obtuse-margined fruits and acute, lobed leaves, are linked to material from the high Andes through a series of intermediate Andean samples. Andean material shows a wide range of variation in fruit size and shape. Leaf shape is more conservative, although samples from Bolivia trend toward the acute, tri- lobed condition. In contrast to morphological relationships, allozyme variation is simple and well defined. Andean material is homogeneous (I > 0.98), with unique alleles widely dispersed, mainly in southern populations. Populations of C. hircinum (s. str.) are more variable (I = 0.951) and well differentiated from the highland group (I = 0.825) by a relatively common set of unique alleles. Minimal electrophoretic differentiation among Andean samples indicates that the companion weed of C. quinoa is a single biological entity that may represent an Andean element of C. hircinum,
Event-Triggered Ephemeral Group Communication and Coordination over Sound for Smart Consumer Devices (2019)

Voice-based interfaces have become one of the most popular device capabilities, recently being regarded as one flagship user experience of smart consumer devices. However, the lack of common coordination mechanisms might often degrade the user experience, especially when interacting with multiple voice-enabled devices located closely. For example, a hotword or wake-up utterance such as "hi Bixby" or "ok Google" frequently triggers redundant responses by several nearby smartphones. Motivated by the problem of uncoordinated react of voice-enabled devices especially in a multiple device environment, in this paper, we discuss the notion of an ephemeral group of consumer devices in which the member devices and the transient lifetime are implicitly determined by an external event (e.g., hotword detection) without any provisioned group structure, and specifically we concentrate on the time-constrained leader election process in such an ephemeral group. To do so: (i) We first present the sound-based multiple device communication framework, namely <i>tailtag</i>, that leverages the isomorphic capability of consumer devices for the tasks of processing hotword events and transmitting data over sound, and thus renders both the tasks confined to the same room area and enables the spontaneous leader election process in a unstructured group upon a hotword event. (ii) To improve the success rate of the leader election with a given time constraint, we then develop the adaptive messaging scheme especially tailored for sound-based data communication that inherently has low data rate. Our adaptive scheme utilizes an application-specific score that is individually calculated by a member device for each event detection, and employs score-based scheduling by which messages of a high score are scheduled first and so unnecessary message transmission can be suppressed during the election process. (iii) Through experiments, we also demonstrate that, when a hotword is detected by multiple smartphones in a room, the framework with the adaptive messaging scheme enables them to successfully achieve a coordinated response under the given latency bound, yielding an insignificant non-consensus probability, no more than 2%.
Thermal hydraulic analysis of two-phase closed thermosyphon cooling system for new cold neutron source moderator of Breazeale research reactor at Penn State (2008)

A cold neutron source cooling system is required for the Penn State’s next generation cold neutron source facility that can accommodate a variable heat load up to about ~10W with operating temperature of about 28K. An existing cold neutron source cooling system operating at the University of Texas Cold Neutron Source (TCNS) facility failed to accommodate heat loads upwards of 4W with the moderator temperature reaching a maximum of 44K, which is the critical temperature for the operating fluid neon. The cooling system that was used in the TCNS cooling system was a two-phase closed thermosyphon with a reservoir (TPCTR). The reservoir containing neon gas is kept at room temperature. 
In this study a detailed thermal analysis of the fundamental operating principles of a TPCTR were carried out. A detailed parametric study of the various geometric and thermo-physical factors that affect the limits of the operational capacity of the TPCTR investigated. A CFD analysis is carried out in order to further refine the heat transfer analysis and understand the flow structure inside the thermosyphon and the two-phase nucleate boiling in the evaporator section of the thermosyphon. In order to help the new design, a variety of ways of increasing the operating range and heat removal capacity of the TPCTR cooling system were analyzed so that it can accommodate the anticipated heat load of 10W or more. It is found, for example, that doubling the pressure of the system will increase the capacity index by 50% for a system with an initial fill ratio FR of 1. A decrease in cryorefrigeration performance angle increases the capacity index. For example taking the current condition of the TCNS system and reducing the angle from the current value of 70 degrees by half ( 35 degrees ) will increase the cooling power 300%. Finally based on detailed analytic and CFD analysis the best operating condition were proposed.
Lifer (1977)

This note describes LIFER, a practical facility for creating natural language interfaces to other computer software. Emphasizing human engineering, LIFER has bundled natural language specification and parsing technology into one convenient package.
Comparison of transparent conductive indium tin oxide, titanium-doped indium oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide films for dye-sensitized solar cell application (2011)

In this study, we investigate the photovoltaic performance of transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium-doped indium oxide (ITiO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films. ITO and ITiO films are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on soda-lime glass substrate at <TEX>$300^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and the FTO film used is a commercial product. We measure the X-ray diffraction patterns, AFM micrographs, transmittance, sheet resistances after heat treatment, and transparent conductive characteristics of each film. The value of electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the ITiO films was <TEX>$4.15{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}-cm$</TEX>. The near-infrared ray transmittance of ITiO is the highest for wavelengths over 1,000 nm, which can increase dye sensitization compared to ITO and FTO. The photoconversion efficiency (<TEX>${\eta}$</TEX>) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) sample using ITiO was 5.64%, whereas it was 2.73% and 6.47% for DSC samples with ITO and FTO, respectively, both at 100 mW/<TEX>$cm^2$</TEX> light intensity.
Are beef merchandisers in South Korea willing to adopt food-safety enhancing treatments of imported chilled beef? (2007)

This study examined a survey data set of 840 observations from 105 beef merchandisers in South Korea, regarding their perceptions toward food safety-enhancing treatments on imported chilled beef products. Estimation of a multinomial logit model (MNL) indicated that price and meat color attributes are important in determining Korean beef buyers' purchase choice. The study results showed that the Korean beef buyers are willing to pay a premium (10 %) for bio-preservatives packaging, while they are reluctant to accept steam pasteurization technology. The Korean beef merchandisers' positive response toward bio-preservative treatment suggests that adoption of this food safety technology may contribute to improvement of quality control of imported chilled beef in the Korean beef market.
Dressed for success – applying chemistry to modulate aptamer functionality (2012)

Aptamers entered the stage in the early 1990s. Since then they have proven to be versatile tools for molecular biology and biomedical sciences. The combination of chemical synthesis with aptamer generation and post-SELEX modification now provides means for adapting these nucleic acids to almost every desired application and to tune their properties as required. In this review we discuss chemical approaches towards aptamer variation.
Cyclic thrombocytopenia of apparent autoimmune etiology (1989)

Serial studies were performed in two patients with cyclic thrombocytopenia to investigate the pathogenesis of this disorder. Mean life span of autologous platelets when platelet levels were declining was subnormal (2.4 and 0.8 days), and megakaryocytes were abundant in the bone marrow during thrombocytopenia. Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity could not be detected in the serum of either patient at any point of their cycles. In each patient, total platelet-associated IgG varied inversely with platelet levels. Surface platelet-associated IgG was measured only in patient 2 and was significantly elevated (greater than 1,280 IgG molecules per platelet) at all stages of the cycle, even during thrombocytosis. However, the highest values were observed during thrombocytopenia. Platelet-bindable IgG in plasma declined to normal immediately before platelet levels began to rise. IgG eluted from the platelets of this patient reacted strongly with autologous and homologous platelets in contrast to a "mock eluate" prepared from platelets of a normal subject. The eluate from the patient's platelets reacted strongly with immobilized autologous and homologous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and weakly with GPIb but not with isolated GPIIIa alone. In each patient the decline in platelet levels was significantly delayed following administration of intravenous gamma globulin 0.4 g/kg body weight for five days. These findings suggest that platelet-reactive autoantibodies are of pathogenic significance in some patients with cyclic thrombocytopenia.
Direct aperture optimization as a means of reducing the complexity of intensity modulated radiation therapy plans (2009)

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is a means of delivering radiation therapy where the intensity of the beam is varied within the treatment field. This is done by dividing a large beam into many small beamlets. Dose constraints are assigned to both the target and sensitive structures and computerised inverse optimization is performed to find the individual weights of this large number of beamlets. The computer adjusts the intensities of these beamlets according to the required planning dose objectives. The optimized intensity patterns are then decomposed into a series of deliverable multi leaf collimator (MLC) shapes in the sequencing step. One of the main problems of IMRT, which becomes even more apparent as the complexity of the IMRT plan increases, is the dramatic increase in the number of Monitor Units (MU) required to deliver a fractionated treatment. The difficulty with this increase in MU is its association with increased treatment times and a greater leakage of radiation from the MLCs increasing the total body dose and the risk of secondary cancers in patients. Therefore one attempts to find ways of reducing these MU without compromising plan quality. The design of inverse planning systems where the beam is divided into small beamlets to produce the required intensity map automatically introduces complexity into IMRT treatment planning. Plan complexity is associated with many negative factors such as dosimetric uncertainty and delivery issues A large search space is required necessitating much computing power. However, the limitations of the delivery technology are not taken into consideration when designing the ideal intensity map therefore a further step termed the sequencing step is required to convert the ideal intensity map into a deliverable one. Many approaches have been taken to reduce the complexity. These include setting intensity limits, putting penalties on the cost function and using smoothing filters Direct Aperture optimization (DAO) incorporates the limitations of the delivery technology at the initial design of the intensity map thereby eliminating the sequencing step. It also gives control over the number of segments and hence control over the complexity of the plan although the design of the segments is independent of the person preparing the plan.
Phase-Variable Changes in the Position of<i>O</i>-Methyl Phosphoramidate Modifications on the Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni Modulate Serum Resistance (2017)

<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> polysaccharide capsules (CPS) are characterized by the presence of nonstoichiometric <i>O</i>-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) modifications. The lack of stoichiometry is due to phase variation at homopolymeric tracts within the MeOPN transferase genes. <i>C. jejuni</i> strain 81-176 contains two MeOPN transferase genes and has been shown previously to contain MeOPN modifications at the 2 and 6 positions of the galactose (Gal) moiety in the CPS. We demonstrate here that one of the two MeOPN transferases, encoded by CJJ81176_1435, is bifunctional and is responsible for the addition of MeOPN to both the 2 and the 6 positions of Gal. A new MeOPN at the 4 position of Gal was observed in a mutant lacking the CJJ81176_1435 transferase and this was encoded by the CJJ81176_1420 transferase. During routine growth of 81-176, the CJJ81176_1420 transferase was predominantly in an off configuration, while the CJJ81176_1435 transferase was primarily on. However, exposure to normal human serum selected for cells expressing the CJJ81176_1420 transferase. MeOPN modifications appear to block binding of naturally occurring antibodies to the 81-176 CPS. The absence of MeOPN-4-Gal resulted in enhanced sensitivity to serum killing, whereas the loss of MeOPN-2-Gal and MeOPN-6-Gal resulted in enhanced resistance to serum killing, perhaps by allowing more MeOPN to be put onto the 4 position of Gal.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> undergoes phase variation in genes encoding surface antigens, leading to the concept that a strain of this organism consists of multiple genotypes that are selected for fitness in various environments. Methyl phosphoramidate modifications on the capsule of <i>C. jejuni</i> block access of preexisting antibodies in normal human sera to the polysaccharide chain, thus preventing activation of the classical arm of the complement cascade. We show that the capsule of strain 81-176 contains more sites of MeOPN modifications than previously recognized and that one site, on the 4 position of galactose, is more critical to complement resistance than the others. Exposure to normal human serum selects for variants in the population expressing this MeOPN modification.