gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recommended dietary intakes in Denmark. (1990)

It is now common practice to express child growth status in the form of SD scores. The LMS method provides a way of obtaining normalized growth centile standards which simplifies this assessment, and which deals quite generally with skewness which may be present in the distribution of the measurement (eg height, weight, circumferences or skinfolds). It assumes that the data can be normalized by using a power transformation, which stretches one tail of the distribution and shrinks the other, removing the skewness. The optimal power to obtain normality is calculated for each of a series of age groups and the trend summarized by a smooth (L) curve. Trends in the mean (M) and coefficient of variation (S) are similarly smoothed. The resulting L, M and S curves contain the information to draw any centile curve, and to convert measurements (even extreme values) into exact SD scores. A table giving approximate standard errors for the smoothed centiles is provided. The method, which is illustrated with US girls' weight data, should prove useful both for the construction and application of growth standards.
Cloning of the<i>sacS</i>gene encoding a positive regulator of the sucrose regulon in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1987)

The <it>sacS</it> gene controls the expression of 2 saccharolytic enzymes in <it>Bacillus subtilis</it> (sucrase and levansucrase). This paper describes a recombinant plasmid containing a mutant allele, <it>sacS</it>c. The plasmid was isolated from a <it>B. subtilis</it> DNA bank established in <it>Escherichia coli</it>. Moreover, it was shown that the <it>sacS</it>c allele, placed on a high-copy plasmid, is dominant over the wild-type chromosomal <it>sacS</it>+ allele. This result strongly suggests that the <it>sacS</it> gene encodes a positive regulatory protein.
Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor signaling attenuates pulmonary fibrosis (2005)

Pulmonary fibrosis is the consequence of a variety of diseases with no satisfying treatment option. Therapy-induced fibrosis also limits the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in numerous cancers. Here, we studied the potential of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) to attenuate radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Thoraces of C57BL/6 mice were irradiated (20 Gy), and mice were treated with three distinct PDGF RTKIs (SU9518, SU11657, or Imatinib). Irradiation was found to induce severe lung fibrosis resulting in dramatically reduced mouse survival. Treatment with PDGF RTKIs markedly attenuated the development of pulmonary fibrosis in excellent correlation with clinical, histological, and computed tomography results. Importantly, RTKIs also prolonged the life span of irradiated mice. We found that radiation up-regulated expression of PDGF (A-D) isoforms leading to phosphorylation of PDGF receptor, which was strongly inhibited by RTKIs. Our findings suggest a pivotal role of PDGF signaling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and indicate that inhibition of fibrogenesis, rather than inflammation, is critical to antifibrotic treatment. This study points the way to a potential new approach for treating idiopathic or therapy-related forms of lung fibrosis.
Letters to the editor (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTLetters to the editorPaul W. Morgan and Stephanie L. Kwolek Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 10, 530Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1959Published inissue 1 October 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ed036p530.3RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (784 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Interactions between the full complement of human RNA polymerase II subunits (1999)

As an approach to elucidating the rules governing the assembly of human RNA polymerase II (hRPB), interactions between its subunits have been systematically analyzed. Eleven of the 12 expected hRPB subunits have previously been tested for reciprocal interactions (J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 16815-16821). We now report the results obtained for the last subunit (hRPB4; Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (1998) 1935-1945) and propose an essentially complete picture of the potential interactions occurring within hRPB. Finally, complementation experiments in yeast indicated that hRPB4 expression efficiently cured both heat and cold-sensitivity of RPB4-lacking strains, supporting the existence of conserved functional subunit interactions.
Mild detergent treatment of <i>Candida tropicalis</i> reveals a NADPH‐dependent reductase in the crude membrane fraction, which enables the production of pure bicyclic exo‐alcohol (2004)

This study demonstrated the occurrence of a NADPH-dependent exo-alcohol reductase in the crude membrane fraction of Candida tropicalis. Cytosolic endo-alcohol reductase activity could be separated from the membrane-bound exo-alcohol activity by means of detergent treatment, enabling the preparation of pure exo-alcohol via the enzymatic conversion of the bicyclic diketone, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione. The exo-alcohol reductase is, to our knowledge, the first membrane-bound NADPH-dependent reductase accepting a xenobiotic carbonyl substrate that was not a steroid. When C. tropicalis was grown on D-sorbitol, a two-fold increase in the exo-reductase activity was observed as compared to when grown on glucose. An in silico comparison at the protein level between putative xenobiotic carbonyl reductases in Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed to explain why Candida species are often encountered when screening yeasts for novel stereoselective reduction properties. C. albicans contained more reductases with the potential to reduce xenobiotic carbonyl compounds than did S. cerevisiae. C. tropicalis had many membrane-bound reductases (predicted with the bioinformatics program, TMHMM), some of which had no counterpart in the two other organisms. The exo-reductase is suspected to be either a beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or a polyol dehydrogenase from either the short chain dehydrogenase family or the dihydroflavonol reductase family.
Recent progress in vitamin D metabolism and the chemistry of vitamin D metabolites. (1980)

The molecular mechanism of action of vitamin D and the elucidation of the vitamin D endocrine system are illustrated by selected examples of recent chemical work in our laboratories. One of these is the isolation and identification of vitamin D/sub 3/ as the antirachitic substance produced in irradiated skin. A second is the isolation and identification of the calcitroic acid, a major metabolite of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ with potential function. A third is the isolation and identification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/-26,23-lactone, a major metabolite of vitamin D in the plasma of animals given large amounts of vitamin D. A fourth is a detailed study of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ to test whether 24-hydroxylation plays an important role in the function of vitamin D. Other important developments include the chemical synthesis of high specific activity radioactive vitamin D metabolites for use in the elucidation of their molecular mechanism of action, cellular sites of action, and in quantitative metabolite assays. Finally, recent progress in synthetic methodology, providing a convenient route to 1..cap alpha..-hydroxylated vitamin D compounds, is summarized.
Health care in the seventies (1972)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
A CIRCULATING PROTEIN THAT DEPOLARIZES CELLS INCREASES AFTER HEMORRHAGE IN DOGS (1993)

Recent evidence suggests that a circulating factor or factors may mediate cell membrane depolarization after hemorrhage in rats. To test for the presence of a similar factor in dogs, conscious adult splenectomized dogs with chronic arterial cannulae were either (1) bled 30% of measured blood volume over 3 minutes (HEM, n = 8); (2) bled 30% of measured blood volume over 3 minutes and reinfused with the shed blood 10 minutes later (HEM + REINF, n = 6); or (3) observed without hemorrhage (CONTROL, n = 5). Treatments were applied in random order, 72 hours apart. Arterial blood was sampled at rest and for 1 hour. Depolarizing activity of the plasma was measured in an in vitro bioassay using resting dog RBCs and a membrane potential-sensitive oxonol dye (DIBAC). Fluorescence was measured by spectrofluorometry and the percentage of change from resting values was calculated. Fluorescence intensity increased after hemorrhage in the HEM and the HEM + REINF groups. Fluorescence intensity decreased to CONTROL values in the HEM + REINF group by 10 minutes after reinfusion of shed blood, but remained greater than CONTROL values in the HEM group. The magnitude of early cell membrane depolarization was approximately 20 mV. Similar depolarization was observed in cultured canine skeletal myocytes and pre-adipocytes. Changes in fluorescence intensity correlated with changes in mean arterial pressure at all times after hemorrhage except at 15 minutes (5 minutes after reinfusion in the HEM + REINF group). The depolarizing activity in dog plasma after hemorrhage shares several physical chemical properties with a similar substance identified in rats after hemorrhage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extending and evaluating flow-insenstitive and context-insensitive points-to analyses for Java (2001)

This paper presents extensions to Steensgaard's and Andersen's algorithms to handle Java features. Without careful consideration, the handling of these features may affect the correctness, precision, and efficiency of these algorithms. The paper also presents the results of empirical studies. These studies compare the precision and efficiency of these two algorithms and evaluate the effectiveness of handling Java features using alternative approaches. The studies also evaluate the impact of the points-to information provided by these two algorithms on client analyses that use the information.
Ionospheric signatures of plasmaspheric tails (2002)

We make direct comparisons between GPS maps of total electron content (TEC) over the North American continent, Millstone Hill radar observations of storm enhanced density, and low and high‐altitude satellite measurements of the perturbation of the outer plasmasphere during the March 31, 2001 geomagnetic storm. We find that storm enhanced density (SED) and plumes of greatly‐elevated TEC are associated with the erosion of the outer plasmasphere by strong sub‐auroral polarization electric fields. The SED/TEC plumes identified at low altitude map closely onto the magnetospheric determination of the boundaries of the plasmapause and plasmaspheric tail determined by EUV imaging from the IMAGE spacecraft. Characteristics of the SED/TEC plumes/tails for the March 31, 2001 event are: TEC ∼ 100 TECu; F ‐region sunward velocity ∼1000 m/s; sunward flux ∼5*10 24 ions s −1 ; total transport to dayside magnetopause/merging region (3‐hr event) ∼5*10 28 ions.
Sex Differences in Insulin Levels in Older Adults and the Effect of Body Size, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, and Glucose Tolerance Status: The Rancho Bernardo Study, 1984–1987 (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if insulin levels vary with sex, independent of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), differences in body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and glycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--In a population-based study of older adults, insulin levels were measured before and after a standardized oral glucose tolerance test in 673 men and 849 women, all free of known diabetes. RESULTS--Age-adjusted fasting insulin levels were highest in men, intermediate in women not taking estrogen, and lowest in estrogen-treated women (P < 0.01). Differences between men and women not taking estrogen disappeared after adjusting for age and BMI, but not glycemia; estrogen-treated women had significantly lower fasting insulin levels than did men (P < 0.01) and women not taking estrogen (P < 0.01). The association of estrogen use with lower fasting insulin levels persisted after adjusting for age and WHR (P < 0.001) and was stronger among women with abnormal glucose tolerance. Age-adjusted postchallenge insulin levels were higher in women than in men (P < 0.01). The sex difference persisted after adjusting for age and BMI or glycemia. Postchallenge insulin levels did not vary by ERT. CONCLUSIONS--Men have higher fasting insulin levels than do women, whether or not the women are using ERT. Differences between men and untreated women are explained by differences in BMI, but estrogen users have lower fasting insulin levels independent of BMI. Postchallenge insulin levels are higher in women than men and are independent of ERT, BMI, and glycemia. Clinical trials in women are needed to determine whether ERT can improve insulin and glucose metabolism.
ERK ACTIVATION IS REQUIRED FOR ANTI-APOPTOTIC SIGNALING BY TNF: A ROLE FOR ??-PKC (2006)

TNF is implicated in the attenuation of neutrophil apoptosis during sepsis. TNF activates multiple signaling pathways, however the molecular mechanisms regulating anti-apoptotic signaling are incompletely understood. The anti-apoptotic role of NFκB is well established and δ-PKC is an important regulator of NFκB. Whether the MAP kinases (MAPK), ERK and p38 MAPK are also involved is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ERK or p38 MAPK were involved in suppression of neutrophil apoptosis by TNF and if δ-PKC mediated MAPK signaling. In isolated human neutrophils, TNF activated both p38 MAPK and ERK, though ERK2 was more predominantly activated than ERK1. TNF significantly delayed neutrophil apoptosis as measured by caspase 3 inhibition. The ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of TNF on caspase 3 activity. Activation of both ERK and p38MAPK pathways was mediated principally via TNFR-1. TNF also stimulated recruitment of δ-PKC to TNFR-1 and δ- PKC phosphorylation (Ser643). The selective δ-PKC inhibitor, V1.1 δ-PKC Tat inhibitory peptide, blocked TNF mediated anti-apoptotic signaling. Inhibition of the ERK pathway had no effect on recruitment of δ-PKC to TNFR-1. Conversely, inhibition of δ-PKC attenuated ERK activation, but not p38 MAPK, suggesting δ-PKC is acting upstream of ERK. Using δ-PKC siRNA, δ-PKC, but not α-PKC, β-PKC or ζ-PKC, was selectively depleted in HL-60 cells differentiated to a neutrophilic phenotype. δ-PKC depletion inhibited TNF mediated ERK but not p38 MAPK activation. Thus, ERK is an essential component of TNF mediated anti-apoptotic signaling. δ-PKC is a positive regulator of ERK activation via TNFR-1 but has no role in p38 MAPK activation. (Supported by NIH GM64552 and AI24840)
A wheat R2R3-MYB gene, TaMYB30-B, improves drought stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis (2012)

The MYB-type proteins are involved in various processes of plant growth, development, and stress response. In a previous work, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) stress-induced gene, TaMYB30, which encodes a R2R3-type MYB protein was identified in wheat. In this study, the isolation and functional characterization of the TaMYB30 gene are reported. Three homologous sequences of TaMYB30 were isolated from hexaploid wheat and designated as TaMYB30-A, TaMYB30-B, and TaMYB30-D genes based on the localizations of these three sequences to chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D, respectively. The expression levels of these three genes were similar under PEG stress conditions, and TaMYB30-B was selected for further analysis. The TaMYB30-B protein was localized to the nucleus where it activated transcription. The detailed characterization of Arabidopsis transgenic plants that overexpress the TaMYB30-B gene revealed that the TaMYB30-B protein can improve drought stress tolerance during the germination and the seedling stages. It was also found that overexpression of TaMYB30-B resulted in altered expression levels of some drought stress-responsive genes and changes in several physiological indices, which allow plants to overcome adverse conditions. These results indicate that the TaMYB30-B protein plays important roles in plant stress tolerance, and modification of its expression may improve drought stress tolerance in crop plants.
Stepping toward therapeutic CRISPR (2015)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
El valor del "city branding" en la competitividad urbana: el caso de Bilbao (2015)

espanolEn un mundo globalizado como el actual, los territorios compiten activamente para ser elegidos por turistas, inversores, residentes y otros targets y, de este modo, incrementar sus recursos y riqueza. Mejorar la capacidad de competitividad urbana exige la gestion compleja de multiples factores tangibles e intangibles, desarrollar estrategias bien definidas y efectuar grandes esfuerzos de inversion. En este sentido, el territorio Bilbao-Bizkaia constituye un caso paradigmatico de innovacion y transformacion urbana, economica y social llevado a cabo en los ultimos veinticinco anos. A pesar del exito obtenido, estos esfuerzos no han sido suficientes para resolver ciertos problemas de imagen percibida que venia arrastrando la ciudad por cuestiones historicas y que han limitado su grado de competitividad. Por ello, la administracion local se ha involucrado en un ambicioso programa de city branding, iniciado a finales de 2012, que empieza a mostrar ya sus primeros frutos en terminos de competitividad del territorio. EnglishIn today's globalized world, territories compete actively to be chosen by tourists, investors, residents and other targets and so, increase their resources and wealth. Improving the capacity of urban competitiveness requires managing multiple tangible and intangible factors, defining and developing some strategies and carrying out further investment efforts. In this sense Bilbao-Bizkaia territory is a paradigmatic case of innovation and urban, economic and social transformation performed in the last twenty five years. Despite its success, these efforts have not been enough to solve some problems of perceived image that due to its historical issues the city has and that have limited its competitiveness. Therefore, the local administration has engaged in an ambitious program of city branding, launched in late 2012, which is beginning to show its first results in terms of competitiveness of the territory.
Oil-resistance studies of dynamically vulcanized poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber thermoplastic elastomer (1998)

Dynamically vulcanized poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) were prepared with a Brabender plasticorder coupled with a mixing attachment by melt mixing. The blends were prepared at 150°C at a rotor speed of 50 rpm. Curatives concentration was steadily increased from 0 to 1 phr in order to study the vulcanization effect on the plasticized blend. The effectiveness of the dynamic vulcanization was indicated by the Brabender plastograms. The properties investigated include mass swell, tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation (M100), tear strength, and hardness. The PVC/ENR samples were exposed to two types of environments, namely, air and oil under otherwise identical conditions. The effect of oil and thermooxidative aging on the mechanical properties were characterized at room temperature and 100°C. It was found that at ambient temperature the samples immersed in oil possessed similar properties to those that were exposed to air. Significant enhancement in mechanical properties were observed for both environments at 100°C. This has been attributed to the increase in crosslink density which was manifested by a steady reduction in percent mass swell with increased sulfur loading. The excellent mechanical behavior of the PVC/ENR TPEs even after immersing the samples in oil at 100°C has provided a good indication of the oil resistance of the materials. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1357–1366, 1998
Metal-Mediated Reaction Modeled on Nature: The Activation of Isothiocyanates Initiated by Zinc Thiolate Complexes (2011)

On the basis of detailed theoretical studies of the mode of action of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and models resembling only its reactive core, a complete computational pathway analysis of the reaction between several isothiocyanates and methyl mercaptan activated by a thiolate-bearing model complex [Zn(NH(3))(3)SMe](+) was performed at a high level of density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, model reactions have been studied in the experiment using relatively stable zinc complexes and have been investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. The model complexes used in the experiment are based upon the well-known azamacrocyclic ligand family ([12]aneN(4), [14]aneN(4), i-[14]aneN(4), and [15]aneN(4)) and are commonly formulated as ([Zn([X]aneN(4))(SBn)]ClO(4). As predicted by our DFT calculations, all of these complexes are capable of insertion into the heterocumulene system. Raman spectroscopic investigations indicate that aryl-substituted isothiocyanates predominantly add to the C═N bond and that the size of the ring-shaped ligands of the zinc complex also has a very significant influence on the selectivity and on the reactivity as well. Unfortunately, the activated isothiocyanate is not able to add to the thiolate-corresponding mercaptan to invoke a CA analogous catalytic cycle. However, more reactive compounds such as methyl iodide can be incorporated. This work gives new insight into the mode of action and reaction path variants derived from the CA principles. Further, aspects of the reliability of DFT calculations concerning the prediction of the selectivity and reactivity are discussed. In addition, the presented synthetic pathways can offer a completely new access to a variety of dithiocarbamates.