gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoenolization with .alpha.-chloro substituents (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoenolization with .alpha.-chloro substituentsWilliam R. Bergmark, Curtis Barnes, Jeffrey Clark, Seth Paparian, and Susan MarynowskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5612–5615Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views353Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Cell-Wall Fractions from Mycobacteria (2003)

Research extending over 50 years has implicated various components of the mycobacterial cell-wall matrix in many host responses associated with tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses (1). The observed responses originally included granuloma formation, high-titer IgG antibodies, and the state of the T cell-mediated immunological anergy evident in multibacillary leprosy and, more recently, in the induction of specific cytokines, phagocytosis of the organism, cellular refractivity to cytokine stimulation, and regulation of phagosome-lysosome fusion.
Alternatives to Alternating Phase Shift Masks for 65nm (2002)

193nm lithography is very likely to be the pattern transfer method of choice for 65nm technology. This means lithography with a k1 factor in the range of 0.3, so strong resolution enhancement techniques (RET) are necessary. Until recently, alternating Phase Shift Masks (alt.PSM) seemed to be the only viable option. Rather stringent layout restrictions, complex mask manufacturing, and the throughput loss due to the required double exposure make this option rather costly. Double exposure of chromium masks or halftone (embedded) PSM with dipole illumination (DDL), or single exposure of chrome-less PSM (CPL) are evaluated as alternatives with proven resolution for the minimum feature size. Both techniques need sub-resolution features to compensate for their sub-optimum performance on either isolated lines or on lines of about twice the minimum width (in case of CPL). To linearize such highly non-linear pattern transfer processes, model-based Optical Proximity effect Correction (OPC) is mandatory for both options. This paper demonstrates the automated generation of the basic mask writing data for both DDL and CPL for arbitrary layouts, followed by model-based OPC, using Calibre for both steps. Sufficient pattern fidelity and pattern robustness (over a 300nm defocus range) has been shown for a gate/polysilicon layer of a 65nm layout. The results were obtained using masks with reasonable mask specifications.
Use of Epidermal Equivalents Generated from Follicular Outer Root Sheath Cells in vitro and for Autologous Grafting of Chronic Wounds (2002)

During wound healing, outer root sheath (ORS) cells of hair follicles can substitute for interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and thus act as precursor cells for interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes. Owing to improved culture techniques, ORS cells can be induced to develop highly differentiated epidermal equivalents, which are close to the normal human epidermis in terms of histological, ultrastructural, biochemical and immunohistological criteria. Such epidermal equivalents provide a versatile system for various applications in vitro, e.g. the study of epidermal homeostasis, cell interactions, pigmentation as well as toxicity testing and metabolism of xenobiotics. The easy and repeated availability of ORS cells, their successful multiplication in culture irrespective of the age of the hair follicle donor as well as the extended tissue normalization of epidermal equivalents prepared with ORS cells prompted us to test the usefulness of autologous epidermal equivalents for the treatment of recalcitrant chronic wounds. Autologous grafting of such epidermal equivalents in more than 50 recalcitrant leg ulcers of a mainly vascular origin resulted in an initial take rate of around 90%, with subsequent complete closure of the ulcers in about 45% and a significant size reduction in another 40% within 8 weeks. These positive results are probably due to the large compartment of proliferative cells as well as to the well-developed horny layer, which prevents rapid disintegration of the grafts. Practical advantages of this technology are its noninvasiveness and thus repeated availability, the fact that surgical facilities are not necessary and the short immobilization period after grafting, allowing a strategy of sequential application in an outpatient setting as an alternative to surgical autografting.
A Numerical Model for Oil/Water Separation from a Solid Particle (2010)

A computational fluid dynamics model has been developed to study an oil-coated particle immersed in a uniform aqueous flow, to determine the conditions that favour oil separation. The governing flow equations are discretized using a finite volume approach, and the oil/water interface is captured using the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method in a 2D spherical coordinate system. The model predicts different mechanisms for oil separation. At a Reynolds number, Re, equal to 1, and at a low capillary number, Ca << 1, the high interfacial tension can induce rapid contact line motion, to the extent that the oil film can advance past its equilibrium position and separate from the particle. This mechanism requires that the contact angle measured through the oil phase is large. On the other hand, as Ca approaches 1, the shear exerted by the external flow stretches the oil into a thread that will eventually rupture and separate.
A 38-Amino-Acid Sequence Encompassing the Arm Domain of the <i>Cucumber Necrosis Virus</i> Coat Protein Functions as a Chloroplast Transit Peptide in Infected Plants (2006)

Experiments to determine the subcellular location of the coat protein (CP) of the tombusvirus Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) have been conducted. By confocal microscopy, it was found that an agroinfiltrated CNV CP-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion targets chloroplasts in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and that a 38-amino-acid (aa) region that includes the complete CP arm region plus the first 4 amino acids of the shell domain are sufficient for targeting. Western blot analyses of purified and fractionated chloroplasts showed that the 38-aa region directs import to the chloroplast stroma, suggesting that the CNV arm can function as a chloroplast transit peptide (TP) in plants. Several features of the 38-aa region are similar to features typical of chloroplast TPs, including (i) the presence of an alanine-rich uncharged region near the N terminus, followed by a short region rich in basic amino acids; (ii) a conserved chloroplast TP phosphorylation motif; (iii) the requirement that the CNV 38-aa sequence be present at the amino terminus of the imported protein; and (iv) specific proteolytic cleavage upon import into the chloroplast stroma. In addition, a region just downstream of the 38-aa sequence contains a 14-3-3 binding motif, suggesting that chloroplast targeting requires 14-3-3 binding, as has been suggested for cellular proteins that are targeted to chloroplasts. Chloroplasts of CNV-infected plants were found to contain CNV CP, but only the shell and protruding domain regions were present, indicating that CNV CP enters chloroplasts during infection and that proteolytic cleavage occurs as predicted from agroinfiltration studies. We also found that particles of a CNV CP mutant deficient in externalization of the arm region have a reduced ability to establish infection. The potential biological significance of these findings is discussed.
An Automatic Video Semantic Annotation Scheme Based on Combination of Complementary Predictors (2006)

Given a large set of video database, how to connect video segments with a certain set of semantic concepts with least manual labors is an elementary step for video indexing and searching. Due to the large gap between high-level semantics and low-level features, automatic video annotation with high accuracy is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic video annotation framework, which improves the annotation performance by learning from unlabeled samples and exploring temporal relationship in video sequences. To effectively learn from unlabeled data, a sample selection scheme based on combining a set of complementary predictors is proposed, which iteratively refines the performance of the initial predictors. A filtering-based method is applied to further improve the annotation accuracy as well, in which video temporal relationship is sufficiently exploited. Experiment results show that the proposed automatic video annotation method performs superior to general supervised learning methods and co-training
Dual-Domain Adaptive Beamformer Under Linearly and Quadratically Constrained Minimum Variance (2013)

In this paper, a novel adaptive beamforming algorithm is proposed under a linearly and quadratically constrained minimum variance (LQCMV) beamforming framework, based on a dual-domain projection approach that can efficiently implement a quadratic-inequality constraint with a possibly rank-deficient positive semi-definite matrix, and the properties of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. As an application, relaxed zero-forcing (RZF) beamforming is presented which adopts a specific quadratic constraint that bounds the power of residual interference in the beamformer output with the aid of interference-channel side-information available typically in wireless multiple-access systems. The dual-domain projection in this case plays a role in guiding the adaptive algorithm towards a better direction to minimize the interference and noise, leading to considerably faster convergence. The robustness issue against channel mismatch and ill-posedness is also addressed. Numerical examples show that the efficient use of interference side-information brings considerable gains.
The unsteady motion of solid bodies in creeping flows (1995)

In treating unsteady particle motions in creeping flows, a quasi-steady approximation is often used, which assumes that the particle's motion is so slow that it is composed of a series of steady states. In each of these states, the fluid is in a steady Stokes flow and the total force and torque on the particle are zero. This paper examines the validity of the quasi-steady method. For simple cases of sedimenting spheres, previous work has shown that neglecting the unsteady forces causes a cumulative error in the trajectory of the spheres. Here we will study the unsteady motion of solid bodies in several more complex flows: the rotation of an ellipsoid in a simple shear flow, the sedimentation of two elliptic cylinders and four circular cylinders in a quiescent fluid and the motion of an elliptic cylinder in a Poiseuille flow in a two-dimensional channel. The motion of the fluid is obtained by direct numerical simulation and the motion of the particles is determined by solving their equations of motion with solid inertia taken into account. Solutions with the unsteady inertia of the fluid included or neglected are compared with the quasi-steady solutions. For some flows, the effects of the solid inertia and the unsteady inertia of the fluid are importanty quantitatively but not qualitatively. In other cases, the character of the particles' motion is changed. In particular, the unsteady effects tend to suppress the periodic oscillations generated by the quasi-steady approximation. Thus, the results of quasi-steady calculatioins are never uniformly valid and can be completely misleading. The conditions under which the unsteady effects at small Reynolds numbers are important are explored and the implications for modelling of suspension flows are addressed.
Dendroids: a building block for the synthesis of polymodal dendritic structures (1997)

Differentially substituted 1,8-naphthalene and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene derivatives are synthesised and termed ‘dendroids’; these may be differentially derivatised with mimetics of amino acid side chains.
Alcohol challenge with sons of alcoholics: A critical review and analysis. (1990)

Studies are reviewed in which response to acute administration of alcohol was compared between individuals with and without family histories of alcoholism (FH+, FH-). This research represents a search for a psychobiological marker for alcoholism. A methodological critique of the procedures reported in this literature is then presented. Finally, a conceptual model is suggested in which differences in the response to alcohol between FH+ individuals and FH- individuals must be understood in relation to time after drinking alcohol. This Newtonian differentiator model proposes that sons of alcoholics exhibit acute sensitization as blood alcohol level rises and acute tolerance as blood alcohol level falls, compared with sons of nonalcoholics. Therefore, FH+ subjects find alcohol more rewarding because they accentuate the pleasurable, excitatory aspects of initial intoxication and attenuate the feelings of anxiety and depression that predominate as blood alcohol levels drop.
Delayed Treatment with Nimodipine Improves Cerebral Blood Flow after Complete Cerebral Ischemia in the Dog (1986)

Ten minutes of complete cerebral ischemia was produced in 18 dogs by temporary ligation of the aorta and venae cavae. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups. A bolus dose of 10 micrograms kg-1 nimodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker, followed by a constant infusion of 1 microgram kg-1 min-1 was given at 15, 30, or 60 min post ischemia. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism were measured for 2 h postischemia. Delayed treatment with nimodipine ameliorated or reversed the cerebral hypoperfusion that routinely occurs after complete ischemia. In the groups treated at 15 and 30 min, CBF remained above 60 ml min-1 100 g-1. In the group treated at 60 min, there was a progressive decline in CBF to 37 ml min-1 100 g-1. Following treatment with nimodipine, CBF immediately increased and was maintained above 50 ml min-1 100 g-1 for the remainder of the study. Once treatment with nimodipine was begun, CBF was approximately double that of an untreated group. Changes in CBF reflected changes in cerebrovascular resistance. Nimodipine had no effect on cerebral metabolism. Since the postischemic hypoperfusion state is believed to contribute to the ultimate neurologic damage following complete ischemia, treatment with nimodipine, even if delayed up to 60 min, may improve the outcome.
Strategies for cell engineering in tissue repair (1997)

Cellular and tissue engineering are new areas of research, currently attracting considerable interest because of the remarkable potential they have for clinical application. Some claims have indeed been dramatic, including the possibility of growing complete, artificial organs, such as the liver. However, amid such long-term aspirations there is the very real possibility that small tissues (artificial grafts) may be fabricated in the near future for use in reconstructive surgery. Logically, we should focus on how it is possible to produce modest, engineered tissues for tissue repair. It is evident that strategies to date either depend on innate information within implanted cells, to reform the target tissue or aim to provide appropriate environmental cues or guidance to direct cell behavior. It is argued here that present knowledge of tissue repair biology points us toward the latter approach, providing external cues which will direct how cells should organize the new tissue. This will be particularly true where we need to reproduce microscopic and ultrastructural features of the original tissue architecture. A number of such cues have been identified, and methods are already available, including substrate chemistry, substrate contact guidance, mechanical loading, and biochemical mediators to provide these cues. Examples of these are already being used with some success to control the formation of tissue structures.
Endogenous <scp>PYY</scp> and <scp>GLP</scp>‐1 mediate <scp>l</scp>‐glutamine responses in intestinal mucosa (2013)

Gln stimulates the co-release of endogenous GLP-1 and PYY from mucosal L-cells resulting in paracrine GLP-1 and Y1 receptor-mediated electrogenic epithelial responses. This glucose-sensitive mechanism appears to be CaSR mediated and could provide a significant therapeutic strategy releasing two endogenous peptides better known for their glucose-lowering and satiating effects.
An Empirical Evaluation of various Discrimination Measures for Discrimination Prevention (2018)

Discrimination prevention in Data mining has been studied by researchers. Several methods have been devised to take care of both direct and indirect discrimination prevention. In order to prevent discrimination, each of these methods tries to minimize the impact of discriminating attributes by modifying certain discriminating rules. The discriminating rules are identified using certain threshold and discrimination measure such as elift for direct discrimination and elb for indirect discrimination. Performance of these methods are measured and compared in terms discrimination removal using DDPD, DDPP for direct discrimination and IDPD, IDPP for indirect discrimination as well as resultant data quality using MC and GC for both kinds of discrimination. This paper deals with study of use of discrimination measures other than elift such as slift, clift and olift. The empirical evaluation presented here shows that slift provides best overall performance
Tetrathiafulvalene. VII [1]. Arylenverbrückte polymere Tetrathiafulvalene (1979)

Tetrathiafulvalenes. VII. Arylene‐bridged Polymeric Tetrathiafulvalenes Synthesis and properties of phenylene — and biphenylbridged polymeric tetrathiafulvalenes, which are substituted by two methyl‐groups in the 3‐ and 6‐position, are described. These polymers react with bromine, iodine or tetracyanoquinodimethane to form the radical cation salts, whose electrical conducticity are estimated by means of powder compactions. The differences in the conductivity of the TCNQ‐salts and radical cation halides are very small. The phenylene‐bridged polymer‐salts show a higher conductivity than the bi‐phenylylene‐bridged ones up to values of 10 −3 Ω −1 cm −1 . Surprisingly the monomer salts have a lower conductivity than the polymer salts.
A low power sub-1 V CMOS voltage reference (2008)

This work describes the circuit which generates a stable voltage of 466.5 mV for 1.8 V power supply in 0.18 mum technology. Circuit uses MOSFETs in linear region and in subthreshold region to generate PTAT and CTAT respectively intended to replace resistor and BJT. The temperature coefficient of circuit is 28.4 ppm/degC in the range of -20 to +120degC. The power supply rejection is measured as -30 dB at 8 KHz. Low power consumption of 3.98 muW is an important attribute of this circuit.
Beyond Burst Pressure: Initial Evaluation of the Natural History of the Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts in the Venous Circulation Using a Murine Model (2013)

We previously developed and validated a murine model for investigating neotissue formation in tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). Herein, we present the first longitudinal assessment of both the microstructural composition and the mechanical properties of a TEVG through the process of neovessel formation (total scaffold degradation). We show that when (poly)glycolic acid-based biodegradable scaffolds were used as inferior vena cava interposition grafts in mice, the evolving neovessel developed biaxial properties that approached those of the native vein within 24 weeks of implantation. Further, we found that these changes in biaxial properties related temporally to extracellular matrix production and remodeling, including deposition of collagen (types I and III), elastic fibers (elastin and fibrillin-1), and glycosaminoglycans in addition to changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity. Improving our understanding of the mechanobiological principles underlying vascular neotissue formation in TEVGs holds great promise for improving the design of TEVGs and enabling us to continue the translation of this technology from the bench to the clinic.
Zero-Shot Entity Linking by Reading Entity Descriptions (2019)

We present the zero-shot entity linking task, where mentions must be linked to unseen entities without in-domain labeled data. The goal is to enable robust transfer to highly specialized domains, and so no metadata or alias tables are assumed. In this setting, entities are only identified by text descriptions, and models must rely strictly on language understanding to resolve the new entities. First, we show that strong reading comprehension models pre-trained on large unlabeled data can be used to generalize to unseen entities. Second, we propose a simple and effective adaptive pre-training strategy, which we term domainadaptive pre-training (DAP), to address the domain shift problem associated with linking unseen entities in a new domain. We present experiments on a new dataset that we construct for this task and show that DAP improves over strong pre-training baselines, including BERT.
Oncodevelopmental α-Fetoprotein Acts as a Selective Proangiogenic Factor on Endothelial Cell from the Fetomaternal Unit (2004)

The molecular coordination between angiogenesis and vascular remodeling is a critical step for the development of a functional vasculature in the placenta and the uterus during pregnancy. The oncodevelopmental albumin homolog alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is mainly synthesized in the developing fetus, and its expression has been found to be associated with highly vascularized tumors in the adult. In this study, we investigated the angiogenic activity of AFP and its possible role in the fetomaternal unit. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the AFP-binding protein(s) is expressed in blood vessels of chorionic villi from placentae of the second and the third but not of the first trimester during pregnancy. At low concentrations, AFP directly stimulates or enhances, respectively, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and sprout formation of endothelial cells isolated from the placenta and the uterus possibly by a MAPK-dependent pathway. Furthermore, AFP enhances blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. Interestingly, AFP has no proliferative or migratory effects on endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical vein in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor. These data indicate that AFP may act as a specific proangiogenic factor of endothelial cells within the fetomaternal unit during advanced stages in pregnancy.