gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of mouse liver glutathione S-transferase YfYf (Pi class) by ethacrynic acid and 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (1993)

Mouse liver glutathione S-transferase YfYf (Pi class) reacts with [14C]ethacrynic acid to form a covalent adduct with a stoichiometry of 1 mol per mol of subunit. Proteolytic digestion of the enzyme-[14C]ethacrynic acid adduct with V8 protease produced an 11 kDa fragment containing radioactivity. Sequencing revealed this to be an N-terminal peptide (minus the first 15 residues, terminating at Glu-112) which contains only one cysteine residue (Cys-47). This is tentatively identified as the site of ethacrynic attachment. Kinetic studies reveal that glutathione S-conjugates protect against inactivation by ethacrynic acid, but the level of protection is not consistent with their potency as product inhibitors. A model is proposed in which glutathione S-conjugates and ethacrynic acid compete for the free enzyme, and a second molecule of ethacrynic acid reacts covalently with the enzyme-ethacrynic acid complex. The native protein contains one thiol reactive with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at neutral pH. The resultant mixed disulphide, like the ethacrynic acid adduct, is inactive, but treatment with cyanide (which incorporates on a mol for mol basis) restores activity to 35% of that of the native enzyme.
Applications of Phthalimide Photochemistry to Macrocyclic Polyether, Polythioether, and Polyamide Synthesis (2001)

Irradiation of phthalimides which contain N-linked omega-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted polyether, polythioether, and polysulfonamide chains results in efficient production of the corresponding macrocyclic polyether, polythioether, and polysulfonamide products. These photocyclization reactions follow sequential single electron transfer (SET)-desilylation pathways. Only in the cases of phthalimides, bearing mixed ether-thioether N-substituents, do these excited-state cyclization reactions proceed with lower degrees of regioselectivity. This is a result of competitive desilylation and alpha-to-sulfur deprotonation reactions of the zwitterionic diradical intermediates formed by initial SET.
Congenital complete atrioventricular block. (1997)

Congenital complete atrioventricular block is found in 1 of 22,000 live births. Over time, it has become apparent that these patients represent not a single distinct disease process, but several processes with the common manifestation of atrioventricular block. The evaluation of these patients to determine their risk of sudden death and need for pacing is not well defined.
GATA-type zinc finger motif-containing sequences and chorion gene transcription factors of the silkworm Bombyx mori. (1994)

To characterize a DNA-binding protein, BCFI, which regulates the expression of silkmoth chorion genes through binding to gene promoter elements identical to those recognized by the GATA family of transcription factors, we have carried out polymerase chain reaction amplifications of Bombyx mori genomic DNA using degenerate primers derived from the conserved DNA binding domain of mammalian GATA factors. Two single copy genes, BmGATA alpha and BmGATA beta, were identified, which encode sequences containing GATA-type zinc finger motifs. The BmGATA beta gene is expressed in follicular and Bm5 tissue culture cells, the two cell types that contain BCFI. No BmGATA alpha gene transcripts were detectable in the tissues that were tested. Upon overexpression in Escherichia coli, a peptide encompassing the BmGATA beta zinc finger motif was able to bind specifically to the BCFI recognition motif of the chorion gene promoters. A polyclonal antibody directed against the zinc finger domain of BmGATA beta was also used in gel retardation assays to confirm that factor BCFI is indeed encoded by the BmGATA beta gene. Conceptual translation of a complete cDNA clone encoding the BmGATA beta protein revealed that this protein has a size similar to that of an immunoreactive protein, presumably BCFI, which is present in follicular cell extracts.
A Tri-Plane Cursor (1997)

Abstract Interactive three-dimensional editing requires visualization techniques that help the user gauge position and shape. This paper describes the use of a triplane cursor to provide correlated cursor/object position and surface-shape feedback. These visual cues are generated dynamically by three cursor planes in the form of contours and shading variations.
Contrasting Impacts of Immunosuppressive Agents (Rapamycin, FK506, Cyclosporin A, and Dexamethasone) on Bidirectional Dendritic Cell-T Cell Interaction During Antigen Presentation (2002)

Rapamycin (RAP), tacrolimus (FK506), cyclosporin A, and glucocorticoids represent modern and classic immunosuppressive agents being used clinically. Although these agents have distinct molecular mechanisms of action and exhibit different immunoregulatory profiles, their direct influences on Ag presentation processes remain relatively unknown. Here we report quantitative and qualitative differences among the above four immunosuppressants in their impact on Ag-specific, bidirectional interaction between dendritic cells (DC) and CD4(+) T cells. In the presence of relevant Ag, bone marrow-derived DC delivered activation signals to CD4(+) T cells isolated from the DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice, leading to clonal expansion; secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4; and surface expression of CD69. Conversely, DO11.10 T cells delivered maturation signals to DC, leading to IL-6 and IL-12 production and CD40 up-regulation. FK506 (10(-10)-10(-8) M) and cyclosporin A (10(-9)-10(-7) M) each blocked efficiently and uniformly all the changes resulting from intercellular signaling in both DC-->T cell and T cell-->DC directions. Dexamethasone (10(-9)-10(-6) M) suppressed all changes, except for CD69 up-regulation, rather incompletely. Remarkably, RAP (10(-10)-10(-8) M) efficiently inhibited DC-induced T cell proliferation and T cell-mediated CD40 up-regulation by DC without abrogating other changes. Interestingly, T cell-independent DC maturation triggered by LPS stimulation was inhibited by dexamethasone, but not by other agents. Our results demonstrate contrasting pharmacological effects of RAP vs calcineurin inhibitors on Ag presentation, thus forming a conceptual framework for rationale-based selection (and combination) of immunosuppressive agents for clinical application.
A framework for representing and solving NP search problems (2005)

Despite the existence of effective interventions for anxiety disorders, relapse--or the return of fear--presents a significant problem for patients and clinicians in the longer term. The present paper draws on the experimental and clinical behavioural literature, reviewing the mechanisms by which the return of fear can occur. The aim of the paper was to generate a list of treatment recommendations for clinicians aimed at reducing relapse in successfully treated anxiety disorders. Clinical and experimental literature on the mechanisms of renewal, reinstatement, spontaneous recovery and reacquisition are reviewed. These are linked with the clinical and experimental literature on the return of fear in successfully treated anxiety. A list of recommendations to assist in reducing the probability of relapse in successfully treated anxiety is presented. This list includes methods for use in behavioural (exposure) treatment of anxiety disorders that aim to enhance clinical outcomes. Despite the significant problem of relapse in successfully treated anxiety, there are methods available to reduce the probability of relapse through return of fear. Clinicians engaging in treatment of anxiety disorders should be mindful of these methods to ensure optimal patient outcome.
Optical intensity modulators for digital and analog applications (2003)

This tutorial describes the basic principles and performance analysis of optical intensity modulators using electrooptic and electroabsorption effects, for use in analog and digital communication systems. These include lithium niobate modulators, semiconductor electroabsorption modulators, semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulators, and polymer modulators.
Metrics for the objective quality assessment in high definition digital video (2008)

In this paper, a group of metrics to analyse the objective quality of high definition digital video are defined. In addition, some quantitative results obtained from HDTV sequences are shown.

The main objectives of these tests are to analyse the suitability of current objective metrics to the HDTV scenario and to provide information for subsequent developments.

They will also supply useful data about the behaviour of sequences from different sources as satellite contributions, HDCAM ingesting or synthetic, and their integration within the production environment.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Lipid Classes in Fish Oils by Thin‐Layer Chromatography with an Iatroscan Flame Ionization Detector (TLC‐FID) and Liquid Chromatography with an Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (LC‐ELSD) (2005)

Combined effects of hydrogen and air flow rates on the peak response of selected neutral lipid classes (triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, free fatty acids, and ethyl esters) were studied to optimize and calibrate the Iatroscan Mk‐6s Chromarod system for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipid classes by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) with flame ionization detection in fish oil during the transesterification process. Air flow rate of 2 L/min, hydrogen flow rate of 150–160 mL/min, and scan rate of 30 s/rod were found to be the optimum conditions. All samples were also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection. Quantitative results obtained by TLC with the flame ionization detection method were comparable to those obtained from HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection.
Digital, endless polarization control for polarization multiplexed fiber-optic communications (2004)

A novel digital polarization controller with endless polarization compensation using discrete time processing is presented and its performance is modeled numerically. The design solves the problem of endless control for arbitrary input state of polarization (SOP) compensation.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): A promising biomarker (2010)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an immunoregulatory cytokine, the effect of which on arresting random immune cell movement was recognized several decades ago. Despite its historic name, MIF also has a direct chemokine-like function and promotes cell recruitment. Multiple clinical studies have indicated the utility of MIF as a biomarker for different diseases that have an inflammatory component; these include systemic infections and sepsis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. The identification of functional promoter polymorphisms in the MIF gene (MIF) and their association with the susceptibility or severity of different diseases has not only served to validate MIF's role in disease development but also opened the possibility of using MIF genotype information to better predict risk and outcome. In this article, we review the clinical data of MIF and discuss its potential as a biomarker for different disease applications.
Discrimination of serum Raman spectroscopy between normal and colorectal cancer using selected parameters and regression-discriminant analysis (2012)

Raman spectroscopy of tissues has been widely studied for the diagnosis of various cancers, but biofluids were seldom chosen as the analyte because of the low concentration. Herein, serum of 30 normal people, 46 colon cancer, and 44 rectum cancer patients were measured using Raman spectra and analyzed. The information of Raman peaks (intensity and width) and that of the fluorescence background (baseline function coefficients) were selected as parameters for statistical analysis. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) were used on the selected parameters separately to see the diagnosing performance of the parameters. PCR performed better than PLSR in our spectral data. Then linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used on the principal components (PCs) of the two regression methods on the selected parameters, and the diagnostic accuracy were 88% and 83%. The conclusion is that the selected parameters can maintain the information of the original spectra well and Raman spectroscopy of serum has the potential for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Uniaxial-process-induced strained-Si: extending the CMOS roadmap (2006)

This paper reviews the history of strained-silicon and the adoption of uniaxial-process-induced strain in nearly all high-performance 90-, 65-, and 45-nm logic technologies to date. A more complete data set of n- and p-channel MOSFET piezoresistance and strain-altered gate tunneling is presented along with new insight into the physical mechanisms responsible for hole mobility enhancement. Strained-Si hole mobility data are analyzed using six band k/spl middot/p calculations for stresses of technological importance: uniaxial longitudinal compressive and biaxial stress on [001] and [110] wafers. The calculations and experimental data show that low in-plane and large out-of-plane conductivity effective masses and a high density of states in the top band are all important for large hole mobility enhancement. This work suggests longitudinal compressive stress on [001] or [110] wafers and <110> channel direction offers the most favorable band structure for holes. The maximum Si inversion-layer hole mobility enhancement is estimated to be /spl sim/ 4 times higher for uniaxial stress on (100) wafer and /spl sim/ 2 times higher for biaxial stress on (100) wafer and for uniaxial stress on a [110] wafer.
Overview (2020)

Shelley’s Adonais proved to be the most important influence upon the development of Keats’s reputation in the nineteenth century and any anthology which omitted it would seriously misrepresent Keats’s ‘after-fame’. In fact, as Shelley was undoubtedly aware, the power of Adonais relies on the fact that it does not dwell upon the messy details of Keats’s last days. By the end of Adonais, Keats – or Adonais in his new idealised form – is imagined to be living, albeit in an abstract capacity, while the world he has left behind is murky and dead. Although Shelley narrates the story that Keats was driven to death by harsh reviews, the excessive passion with which he writes of the critics, both in the preface and in the poem, suggests that he himself feels his own denigration and neglect by critics bitterly. Adonais was one of the key texts in the making of a stereotype of the Romantic poet.
A customisable memory management framework for C++ (1998)

Automatic garbage collection relieves programmers from the burden of managing memory themselves and several techniques have been developed that make garbage collection feasible in many situations, including real time applications or within traditional programming languages. However, optimal performance cannot always be achieved by a uniform general purpose solution. Sometimes an algorithm exhibits a predictable pattern of memory usage that could be better handled specifically, delaying as much as possible the intervention of the general purpose collector. This leads to the requirement for algorithm specific customisation of the collector strategies. We present a dynamic memory management framework which can be customised to the needs of an algorithm, while preserving the convenience of automatic collection in the normal case. The Customisable Memory Manager (CMM) organises memory in multiple heaps. Each heap is an instance of C++ class which abstracts and encapsulates a particular storage discipline. The default heap for collectable objects uses the technique of mostly copying garbage collection, providing good performance and memory compaction. Customisation of the collector is achieved exploiting object orientation by defining specialised versions of the collector methods for each heap class. The object-oriented interface to the collector enables coexistence and coordination among the various collectors as well as integration with traditional code unaware of garbage collection. The CMM is implemented in C++ without any special support in the language or the compiler. The techniques used in the CMM are general enough to be applicable also to other languages. The performance of the CMM is analysed and compared to other conservative collectors for C/C++ in various configurations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Multifaceted Roles of the Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) in Normal Development and Disease (2020)

The multidomain protein encoded by the <i>Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101</i> (<i>TSG101</i>) is ubiquitously expressed and is suggested to function in diverse intracellular processes. In this review, we provide a succinct overview of the main structural features of the protein and their suggested roles in molecular and cellular functions. We then summarize, in more detail, key findings from studies using genetically engineered animal models that demonstrate essential functions of TSG101 in cell proliferation and survival, normal tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Despite studies on cell lines that provide insight into the molecular underpinnings by which TSG101 might function as a negative growth regulator, a biologically significant role of TSG101 as a tumor suppressor has yet to be confirmed using genuine in vivo cancer models. More recent observations from several cancer research teams suggest that TSG101 might function as an oncoprotein. A potential role of post-translational mechanisms that control the expression of the TSG101 protein in cancer is being discussed. In the final section of the review, we summarize critical issues that need to be addressed to gain a better understanding of biologically significant roles of TSG101 in cancer.
Theory of nonequilibrium intrinsic spin torque in a single nanomagnet (2008)

In a single nanomagnet with spin-orbit interactions, the electrical current can generate a nonequilibrium spin density that gives rise to a spin torque on the magnetization. This spin torque does not involve spin transfer mechanism and originates from the band structure itself. We show that this spin torque can be effectively used to switch the direction of the magnetization and the critical switching current density could be as low as ${10}^{4}--{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{A}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$ for a number of magnetic systems. Several magnetic systems for possible experimental realization are discussed.
Ultra-Low-Power Flash Memory in Standard 0.35 μm CMOS for Passive Microwave RFID Transponders (2006)

We present the design of a flash memory for passive RFID transponders, implemented in a standard - single poly - 0.35 mum CMOS process. The memory has 128 bits, sufficient for example to contain the EPC code for Class 0 tags, and is able to perform a complete read operation of all 128 bits with an access time of about 10 ms and a power consumption of only 160 nW. In the erase/program mode Fowler-Nordheim tunneling is used, and all 128 bits can be written in 0.8 s with a power consumption of about 3 muW. Such power causes an acceptable reduction of the operating range during a write operation to 1.74 m in the 2.45 GHz ISM band and 4.66 m in the UHF ISM band, for a transmitter EIRP of 500 mW, with respect to the read operating range, where 4 m at 2.45 GHz and 10.5 m at 916 MHz are achieved
Large Area N-type Selective Emitter cells using Laser Doping through Boron Doped Screen Printed Paste (2017)

In this paper, we report on laser doping though a screen printed boron paste to form selective emitter. We show that the selective emitter cell efficiency on n-PERT structure is higher by ~0.6% compared to the counterpart homogeneous emitter cell. In this study, we show that we can achieve great contact to a selective emitter with 180 ohm/sq lightly doped p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> field and 50 ohm/sq p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> region formed by laser doping under the metal contact. This resulted in a total series resistance of ~0.6 ohm-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a FF of >80%. We found that heavy doping under the contacts reduced the metal recombination induced degradation in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> but the laser damage induced degradation prevented the expected gain in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> . Work is in progress to anneal or eliminate the laser damage. Large area 239cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n-PERT solar cells using this technology gave ~ 20.2% cell efficiency using conventional ion-implanted field region and screen-printed metallization.
High Temperature Electrochemical Studies of the Stress Corrosion of Type 304 Stainless Steel (1979)

Stress corrosion studies have been conducted with Type 304 stainless steel using a variety of electrochemical techniques at elevated temperatures. The object of these studies was to determine material response in simulated boiling water reactor environments. Anodic polarization curves and straining electrode experiments were conducted in 0.01 N Na2SO4. In addition, the change of corrosion potential with oxygen was determined in pure water. By correlating the straining electrode results with potential-oxygen studies, the minimum oxygen concentration and limiting potential required to prevent intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) were determined for a specific heat of as-welded Type 304 stainless steel. Comparison of the anodic polarization curves with straining electrode results indicated that intergranular stress corrosion could occur at potentials in excess of the primary passivation potential.
A mixed‐integer nonlinear programming algorithm for process systems synthesis (1986)

Abstract The problem of synthesizing processing systems via simultaneous structural and parameter optimization is addressed in this paper. Based on a superstructure representation for embedding alternative configurations, a general mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) framework is presented for the synthesis problem. An efficient outer‐approximation algorithm is described for the solution of the underlying optimization problem, which is characterized by linear binary variables and continuous variables that appear in nonlinear functions. The proposed algorithm is based on a bounding sequence that requires the analysis of few system configurations, and the solution of a master problem that identifies new candidate structures. Application of the proposed algorithm is illustrated with the optimal synthesis of gas pipelines.