gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Approach for Computationally Efficient and Reliable Carrier Integer Ambiguity Resolution in GPS/INS (2014)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate THz photonic wireless communication systems with 16-QAM modulation in the 375-450 GHz band. The overall throughput reaches as high as 80 Gbit/s by exploiting four THz channels with 5 Gbaud 16-QAM baseband modulation per channel. We create a coherent optical frequency comb (OFC) for photonic generation of multiple THz carriers based on photo-mixing in a uni-travelling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD). The OFC configuration also allows us to generate reconfigurable THz carriers with low phase noise. The multiple-channel THz radiation is received by using a Schottky mixer based electrical receiver after 0.5 m free-space wireless propagation. 2-channel (40 Gbit/s) and 4-channel (80 Gbit/s) THz photonic wireless links with 16-QAM modulation are reported in this paper, and the bit error rate (BER) performance for all channels in both cases is below the hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8e-3 with 7% overhead. In addition, we also successfully demonstrate hybrid photonic wireless transmission of 40 Gbit/s 16-QAM signal at carrier frequencies of 400 GHz and 425 GHz over 30 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) between the optical baseband signal transmitter and the THz wireless transmitter with negligible induced power penalty.
[Selected issues of biological aspects of eating disorders]. (1994)

This paper reviews the recent progress in the understanding of the neurobiology of the eating disorders. The analysis of the biochemical abnormalities present in the patients with bulimia nervosa indicates the decrease of central serotonin and noradrenalin activity, elevation of the levels of cerebrospinal fluid peptide YY, alterations of the endogenous opioids and also reduction of peripheral cholecystokinin levels. As these studies were performed on patients who were actively binging and purging it is conceivable that the above abnormalities can results from a pathological feeding pattern. It is also suggested that the reduction of central serotoninergic activity is the stable, trait-related dysregulation of neurotransmitter system activity. In patients with anorexia nervosa the endocrine disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes were thoroughly studied. Underweight anorectic patients have been found to have elevations of cerebrospinal fluid level of neuropeptide Y, corticotropin releasing hormone and vasopressin as well as reductions of beta-endorphin and oxytocin level. However, most of the neuropeptide alterations normalize following weight recovery. The only exception is a persistent increase of central serotonin activity postulated to be responsible for the obsessive-compulsive personality traits and disturbed eating behaviors found in these patients.
Biochemical Effects of Fatty Acid and its Derivatives on L-Glutamic Acid Fermentation (1963)

It has been found that although Brevibacterium lactofermentum No.2256 is incapable of accumulating L-glutamic acid in a biotin sufficient medium, it produces a large quantity of the acid in the presence of sucrose fatty acid ester. In a biotin deficient medium, however, the ester brought the unfavorable diminution of L-glutamic acid accumulation caused by the decrease of glucose consumption in an incubation period. The undesirable effects were practically lost when the ester was added to the culture medium after more than eight hours in the course of incubation. This fact suggests that the ester is concerned with the growth of microorganism. It is very interesting to elucidate the interrelation between sucrose fatty acid ester and biotin. For the maximum accumulation of L-glutamic acid corresponding increase in amount of the ester to the increasing concentration of biotin was necessary. The proportional relation did not extend to excedingly high levels of the two implicating factors. The further observations concerning the effects of the individual fatty acid esters such as sucrose stearate remain unsatisfactory.
Endothelial Cell Matrices Modulate Smooth Muscle Cell Growth, Contractile Phenotype and Sensitivity to Heparin (1990)

Whereas vascular smooth muscle cell-extracellular matrix interactions have been intensively studied, our knowledge regarding the role that matrix plays in regulating the growth state and contractile phenotype of vessel wall cells is fragmentary. Of particular interest has been the demonstrable ability of (1) heparin to selectively inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell growth in vitro; (2) aortic endothelial cells to produce a heparin-like inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells, and (3) heparin to reverse smooth muscle cell proliferation in arteries that have been experimentally denuded of their endothelium. Recent work from our laboratory indicates that the endothelial cell synthesized extracellular matrix alters growth rate and heparin sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells. Whereas endothelial cell synthesized matrices that contain collagen and fibronectin promote smooth muscle cell growth, matrices containing heparan sulfate proteoglycan selectively inhibit identical smooth muscle cell populations. Similarly, these heparan sulfate enriched matrices lower smooth muscle sensitivity to heparin and positively influence the endothelial cells' ability to produce the heparin-like inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell growth. In an effort to understand the mechanism mediating heparin's effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation and contractile phenotype, we have analyzed the effects of heparin on vascular smooth muscle cell shape and actin isoform expression using doses of heparin previously shown to be growth inhibitory. The results of our studies indicate that heparin alters smooth muscle cell shape and cytoskeletal organization, suggesting that heparin's growth inhibitory action may be related to its effects on cell shape. Additionally, the permissive effects that different endothelial matrices exert on vascular smooth muscle may selectively predispose specific subpopulations of arterial cells towards a proliferating phenotype, one associated with the genesis of atherosclerosis.
Optical Rotatory Dispersion and RNA Base Pairing in Ribosomes and in Tobacco Mosaic Virus<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical Rotatory Dispersion and RNA Base Pairing in Ribosomes and in Tobacco Mosaic Virus*C. Allen Bush and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 10, 3036–3042Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00862a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00862a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Porous waveguide in the Kretschmann configuration for small molecule detection (2009)

In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a highly sensitive porous silicon membrane waveguide biosensor in the Kretschmann configuration, and show how the cladding material directly impacts the waveguide sensor detection sensitivity and resonance width. Dielectric and metal-clad porous waveguides in the Kretchmann configuration have the potential to achieve significantly enhanced performance for small molecule detection compared to planar waveguide and surface plasmon resonance sensors due to increased surface area and strong field confinement in the porous waveguide layer. First order perturbation theory calculations predict that the quality factors of polymer-cladded porous silicon waveguides with porous silicon losses less than ~500 dB/cm are at least two times larger than the quality factors of gold-cladded porous silicon waveguides and traditional surface plasmon resonance sensors.
Dual-Energy CT in Emergency Neuroimaging: Added Value and Novel Applications (2016)

Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) is a powerful diagnostic tool that is becoming more widely clinically available. Dual-energy CT has the potential to aid in the detection or add diagnostic confidence in the evaluation of a variety of emergent neurologic conditions with use of postprocessing techniques that allow one to take advantage of the different x-ray energy-dependent absorption behaviors of different materials. Differentiating iodine from hemorrhage may help in delineating CT angiographic spot signs, which are small foci of intracranial hemorrhage seen on CT angiograms in cases of acute hemorrhage. Bone subtraction can be used to effectively exclude osseous structures surrounding enhancing vessels at imaging for improved vessel visualization and to create images that are similar in appearance to three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging vessel reconstructions. Bone subtraction may also be helpful for improving the conspicuity of small extra-axial fluid collections and extra-axial masses. Material characterization can be helpful for clarifying whether small foci of intermediate attenuation represent hemorrhage, calcification, or a foreign material, and it may also be useful for quantifying the amount of hemorrhage or iodine in preexisting or incidentally detected lesions. Virtual monochromatic imaging also can be used to problem solve in challenging cases. <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2016.
Hepatic tumors: differentiation by transverse relaxation time (T2) of magnetic resonance imaging. (1985)

Fifty-three patients who had hepatic tumors (24 hepatomas, ten metastases, and 19 cavernous hemangiomas) underwent MR imaging using a 0.35-T superconducting imager. The transverse relaxation time (T2) was calculated from a pair of spin echo images (repetition time [TR] of 1600 msec) with echo delay times (TE) of 35 and 70 msec. The computed T2 value was obtained in a fashion similar to that used to obtain CT numbers with region-of-interest cursors. The mean T2 was 59 +/- 9 msec in hepatomas, 64 +/- 15 msec in metastases, and 100 +/- 30 msec in hemangiomas. The difference between the T2 of hemangioma and that of liver malignancies was statistically significant (P less than .001); however, differentiation between hepatoma and metastases was not possible. The T2 was shorter than 80 msec in all 24 hepatomas and in nine of ten metastases, and was longer than 80 msec in 16 of 19 hemangiomas. Forty-nine of 53 cases (92%) were correctly classified when the borderline of T2 between hemangioma and hepatic malignancies was set at 80 msec. MR with T2 calculation was valuable in differentiating between hemangioma and hepatic malignancies.
A PVT Insensitive Vernier-Based Time-to-Digital Converter With Extended Input Range and High Accuracy (2007)

A monolithic Vernier-based time-to-digital converter (TDC) with 37.5 ps time resolution and theoretically unlimited input range has been integrated in TSMC 0.35-mum standard 2P4M CMOS technology. Since the proposed circuit utilizes a single-stage Vernier delay line (VDL) for both coarse and fine measurements, no other interpolation circuit is required. The operation frequencies of the single-stage Vernier delay line are stabilized against process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations by dual phase-locked loops. The proposed TDC successfully eliminates the element mismatch, input range limitation, external bias adjustment and complicated calibration problems. The measured differential nonlinearity is plusmn0.2 LSB, and the measured integral nonlinearity is plusmn0.35 LSB. The power consumption is 150 mW at 100 k samples/s full conversion speed, and the chip size is as small as 0.222 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . All the packaged chips were tested to be fully functional over -40degC to 100degC ambient temperature range and 3.0 V to 3.9 V supply voltage range with extremely low resolution variations
Engineering skeletal myoblasts: roles of three-dimensional culture and electrical stimulation (2004)

Immature skeletal muscle cells, or myoblasts, have been used in cellular cardiomyoplasty in attempts to regenerate cardiac muscle tissue by injection of cells into damaged myocardium. In some studies, muscle tissue within myoblast implant sites may be morphologically similar to cardiac muscle. We hypothesized that identifiable aspects of the cardiac milieu may contribute to growth and development of implanted myoblasts in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we designed a novel in vitro system to mimic some aspects of the electrical and biochemical environment of native myocardium. This system enabled us to separate the three-dimensional (3-D) electrical and biochemical signals that may be involved in myoblast proliferation and plasticity. Myoblasts were grown on 3-D polyglycolic acid mesh scaffolds under control conditions, in the presence of cardiac-like electrical current fluxes, or in the presence of culture medium that had been conditioned by mature cardiomyocytes. Cardiac-like electrical current fluxes caused increased myoblast number in 3-D culture, as determined by DNA assay. The increase in cell number was due to increased cellular proliferation and not differences in apoptosis, as determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling. Cardiomyocyte-conditioned medium also significantly increased myoblast proliferation. Expression of transcription factors governing differentiation along skeletal or cardiac lineages was evaluated by immunoblotting. Although these assays are qualitative, no changes in differentiation state along skeletal or cardiac lineages were observed in response to electrical current fluxes. Furthermore, from these experiments, conditioned medium did not appear to alter the differentiation state of skeletal myoblasts. Hence, cardiac milieu appears to stimulate proliferation but does not affect differentiation of skeletal myoblasts.
Electromagnet for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (1981)

The design and construction of a novel high-homogeneity magnet for use in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging experiments is described. The magnet consumes 7 kW to produce a field of 0.117 T (Larmor frequency of protons 5 MHz) with a homogeneity of about 3 ppm over a spherical volume of diameter 10 cm. The magnet is constructed on two hemispherical formers cast from aluminum, and large linear field gradients in any direction may be generated by manipulation of the magnet power supply and the orientations of the two hemispheres. The adverse effects on the field homogeneity of the environment are discussed and annulment of the effects is described. Power supply design is briefly considered and the use of a flux stabilizer advocated for obtaining excellent (0.1 ppm) short term stability.
Plaque regression and plaque stabilisation in cardiovascular diseases (2013)

Atherosclerosis is characterized by formation of plaques on the inner walls of arteries that threatens to become the leading cause of death worldwide via its sequelae of myocardial infarction and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction leads to cholesterol uptake and accumulation of inflammatory markers within the plaque. The stability of a plaque eventually depends on the balance between vascular smooth muscle cells that stabilize it and the inflammatory cells like macrophages and T lymphocytes that make it prone to rupture. The current approach to manage atherosclerosis focuses on the treatment of a ruptured plaque and efforts have been made to reduce the risk of plaque rupture by identifying vulnerable plaques and treating them before they precipitate into clinical events. New diagnostic approaches such as IVUS and CIMT ultrasound are now being preferred over traditional coronary angiography because of their better accuracy in measuring plaque volume rather than the level of stenosis caused. The present review highlights the literature available on two prevalent approaches to manage a vulnerable plaque, namely, plaque stabilization and plaque regression, and their validation through various treatment modalities in recent plaque management studies. Plaque stabilization focuses on stabilizing the content of plaque and strengthening the overlying endothelium, while plaque regression focuses on the overall reduction in plaque volume and to reverse the arterial endothelium to its normal functional state. Although earlier studies contemplated the practicality of plaque regression and focused greatly on stabilization of a vulnerable plaque, our review indicated that, aided by the use of superior diagnostics tools, more intensive lipid modifying therapies have resulted in actual plaque regression.
Development of the Epidermis in the Newborn (1986)

Histological development of the epidermis was studied on skin samples from 169 infants (gestation 24-40 weeks, age up to 1 year). Gestation markedly influenced epidermal development. Before 30 weeks, the epidermis is thin, has few cell layers and a poorly formed stratum corneum, but by 34 weeks it has largely matured. Postnatal influence on epidermal development is marked in the preterm infant, so that histologically the epidermis of the most immature infant resembles that of a term infant by 2 weeks of age. These changes in histology exactly parallel the development of the barrier properties of newborn skin.
Upregulation of chicken p15INK4b at senescence and in the developing brain (2006)

In mammalian cells, products of the INK4a-ARF locus play major roles in senescence and tumour suppression in different contexts, whereas the adjacent INK4b gene is more generally associated with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-mediated growth arrest. As the chicken genome does not encode an equivalent of INK4a, we asked whether INK4b and/or ARF contribute to replicative senescence in chicken cells. In chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), INK4b levels increase substantially at senescence and the gene is transcriptionally silenced in two spontaneously immortalised chicken cell lines. By contrast, ARF levels are unaffected by prolonged culture or immortalisation. These expression patterns resemble the behaviour of INK4a and ARF in human fibroblasts. However, short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of chicken INK4b or ARF provides only modest lifespan extension, suggesting that other factors contribute to senescence in CEFs. As well as underscoring the importance of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus in senescence, these findings imply that the encoded products have assumed different roles in different evolutionary niches. Although ARF RNA is not detectable in early chicken embryos, the INK4b transcript is expressed in the roof-plate of the developing hind-brain, consistent with a role in limiting cell proliferation.
Influence of device parameters on the switching speed of BiCMOS buffers (1989)

The influence of different MOS and bipolar device parameters on the switching speed of a BiCMOS buffer is described. This influence is studied by looking at the response of a BiCMOS inverter to a step input. Using suitable approximations for the high-level injection effects in the bipolar transistor, mathematical approximations for the response are derived. The approximate responses are compared to those determined by SPICE simulations and the agreement is satisfactory. High-current effects in the bipolar transistor strongly affect the performance. The effects of different bipolar transistor parasitic resistors are investigated, and it is found that only the collector resistance is important. The influence of different emitter sizes on the delay time is studied, and it is shown that for a given area, there is one optimal size ratio for the MOS and bipolar transistors for which the delay is minimum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast converging MPPT control of photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions (2012)

A novel high performance control to track the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) module under rapidly fluctuating operating conditions like irradiation change and partial shading has been developed. A DC-DC boost converter is selected as the Power Conditioning Unit (P.C.U) to coordinate the operating point of the system with the maximum power point of the PV array. The proposed algorithm uses a scanning technique to measure the maximum power delivering capacity of the panel and the proposed control makes the system to operate at the MPP, even under rapidly changing operating conditions. The algorithm is simple to implement and easy to execute with high tracking efficiency. The proposed method is successfully implemented, analyzed and verified in Mat-lab/Simulink software. The results obtained for rapid change in irradiation conditions verify that the proposed MPPT control provides an efficient tracking within 15ms. The results also verify that the proposed control algorithm guarantees convergence to the global MPP even under partial shading.
AN OVERVIEW OF ROLLING RESISTANCE (1983)

This overview of tire rolling resistance highlights established relationships, reviews the progress made, and suggests where future reductions in rolling resistance will be likely to be achieved. The topic is subdivided into four main sections: (1) established relationships; (2) effect of construction changes; (3) component effects; and (4) compounding material effects. The area of highest potential for energy conservation (or less rolling resistance) appears to be through polymer manipulation, either by special mixing and blends using halobutyls or by tailoring the polymers to meet specific dynamic physical requirements through synthesis.