gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinate induction of metallothioneins I and II in rodent cells by UV irradiation. (1988)

Sequence analysis of Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblast cDNA clones, which code for UV radiation-inducible transcripts, revealed that many of the clones corresponded to metallothioneins (MTs) I and II. A third cDNA clone, DDIU4, was found also to code for a similar-size UV-inducible transcript which was unrelated to MT by both sequence analysis and kinetics of induction. MTI and MTII RNAs rapidly increased in V79 cells within 1 h after UV irradiation, and maximum induction was seen by 4 h. This rapid induction of MT RNA by UV irradiation was not observed in human fibroblasts. MTI and MTII were coordinately induced in both time course and dose-response experiments, although the induction of MTII, up to 30-fold, was three to four times greater than that of MTI. The induction of MT did not appear to be a general stress response, since no increase occurred after exposure to X rays or H2O2.
Blockchain-Based Approach for e-Health Data Access Management with Privacy Protection (2019)

Blockchain is a technology that offers the ability to create new business models and solves trust issues in a more efficient way. It can lead to many research opportunities and business innovations. Academia and industry proposed many blockchain based software solutions within a wide range of domains. In this paper we present a system design where blockchain technology is proposed to be used in the healthcare system, where the vital information regarding the medical analyses are shared between hospitals, medical clinics and research institutes based on access policies defined by the patients. In order to protect confidential data, our solution involves the use of two types of chains: a private one, the sidechain, which keeps information about real ID of the patients, and a public one, the mainchain, which stores information about patients' health data marked with a temporary ID. To test it, we developed the design using Hyperledger Fabric framework. Presented experimental results show good performance of the system in relation to the following metrics: 1) the time needed to identify the medical data for a particular patient, and 2) the mainchain propagation time of all the blocks within the peer to peer network.
EVALUATION OF NITRATE AND POTASSIUM ION-SELECTIVE MEMBRANES FOR SOIL MACRONUTRIENT SENSING (2006)

On-the-go, real-time soil nutrient analysis would be useful in site-specific management of soil fertility. The rapidresponse and low sample volume associated with ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) make them good soil fertilitysensor candidates. Ion-selective microelectrode technology requires an ion-selective membrane that responds selectively toone analyte in the presence of other ions in a solution. This article describes: (1) the evaluation of nitrate and potassiumion-selective membranes, and (2) the investigation of the interaction between the ion-selective membranes and soilextractants to identify membranes and extracting solutions that are compatible for use with a real-time ISFET sensor tomeasure nitrate and potassium ions in soil. The responses of the nitrate membranes with tetradodecylammonium nitrate(TDDA) or methlytridodecylammonium chloride (MTDA) and potassium membranes with valinomycin were affected by bothmembrane type and soil extractant. A TDDA-based nitrate membrane would be capable of detecting low concentrations in soils to about 10-5 mole/L NO3 -. The valinomycin-based potassium membranes showed satisfactory selectivity performancein measuring potassium in the presence of interfering cations such as Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, and Li+ as well as provideda consistent sensitivity when DI water, Kelowna, or Bray P1 solutions were used as base solutions. The TDDA-based nitratemembrane and the valinomycin-based potassium membrane, used in conjunction with Kelowna extractant, would allowdetermination of nitrate and potassium levels, respectively, for site-specific control of fertilizer application.
Pulp delignification with oxygen and copper(II)-polyimine complexes (2013)

Abstract Ten Cu(II)-polyimine complexes were tested as potential catalysts in oxygen delignification of softwood kraft pulps. The ligands were chosen from the terpyridine and the phenanthroline families, including several neocuproines. One diamine-phenanthrene (daphen) was also investigated. The main purpose was to examine whether the presence of methyl or phenyl substituents would direct the oxidation toward lignin. As a catalyst for comparison, unsubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline was selected, which is known to activate both delignification and carbohydrate degradation during oxygen bleaching of kraft pulp. The variation of ligands was aiming at the complex solubility and redox potential of the parameters. The experiments were performed on a mixture of mechanical pulp and fully bleached kraft pulps, a fully bleached pulp alone, and an industrial unbleached pulp. Concerning the oxygen activation in delignification of kraft pulp, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline was as good as 1,10-phenanthroline, but appeared to be more selective, which resulted in a higher DPv of cellulose after treatment. This was interpreted by the structural similarities between the ligand and the kraft lignin and by a better stability of the intermediate complex with lignin. Two Cu(II)-phenanthroline derivatives complexes (4,7- and 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were also identified as effective oxygen activators for the removal of native lignin.
A Conducting Polymer Film Stronger Than Aluminum (1995)

Polythiophene (Pth) was electrochemically deposited onto stainless steel substrate from freshly distilled boron fluoride-ethyl ether containing 10 millimoles of thiophene per liter. The free-standing Pth film obtained at an applied potential of 1.3 volts (versus Ag/AgCl) had a conductivity of 48.7 siemens per centimeter. Its tensile strength (1200 to 1300 kilograms per square centimeter) was greater than that of aluminium (1000 to 1100 kilograms per square centimeter). This Pth film behaves like a metal sheet and can be easily cut into various structures with a knife or a pair of scissors.
Bit-interleaved coded modulation: low complexity decoding (2005)

Zehavi has shown that the performance of coded modulation can be improved over a Rayleigh fading channel by bit-wise interleaving at the encoder output, and by using an appropriate soft-decision metric for a Viterbi decoder at the receiver. Caire et al. presented details of the theory behind bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM). We show that, for Gray encoded M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems, the bit metrics of BICM can be further simplified. In QAM systems, the maximum likelihood (ML) detector for BICM uses the minimum distance between the received symbol and M/2 constellation points on the complex plane as soft-decision metrics. We show that soft-decision bit metrics for the ML decoder can be further simplified to the minimum distance between the received symbol and (/spl radic/M)/2 constellation points on the real line /spl Ropf/. This reduces the number of calculations needed for each bit metric substantially, and therefore reduces the complexity of the decoder without compromising the performance. Simulation results for single carrier modulation (SCM), and multi-carrier modulation (MCM) systems over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels agree with our findings. In addition, we tie this result to the decoding methods for bit interleaved convolutional code standards used in industry.
Housekeeping Gene Expression in Bovine Liver is Affected by Physiological State, Feed Intake, and Dietary Treatment (2007)

Selection of appropriate housekeeping genes (HKG) for normalization of quantitative PCR data for genes of interest is critical for interpretation of results. Ideally, copy number of the chosen HKG mRNA will not vary with experimental treatments or physiological state in the tissue studied, which improves accuracy in detecting changes in genes of interest. Because of the liver's dynamic role in metabolism, physiological state or dietary treatments could alter mRNA expression of commonly used HKG. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate stability of mRNA expression for a number of candidate HKG in bovine liver across different physiological and dietary experimental conditions during the periparturient period. A publicly available program (geNorm) was used to evaluate expression stability of 8 HKG (beta-actin, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, polyubiquitin, ribosomal protein S9, ribosomal protein L32, and 18S ribosomal RNA) in 91 liver RNA samples. Screened samples included liver from cows in 3 groups: 1) cows receiving a dietary supplement pre- and postpartum (n = 10); 2) cows with clinical or subclinical ketosis (n = 7); and 3) cows consuming different amounts of energy prepartum (n = 74). In group 3, samples from d -65, -30, -14, 1, 14, 28, and 49 relative to parturition were included to enable characterization of HKG mRNA expression across different physiological states. Initial analyses indicated that mRNA for ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) was one of the most stably expressed across different experiment types. To determine the best gene, 200 bootstrap replications of the original data set were performed to determine if the ranking of RPS9 was superior to the other 7 genes evaluated. Average ranks and estimated standard errors for the top 3 genes were 1.64 +/- 0.06, 3.27 +/- 0.10, and 3.71 +/- 0.12 for RPS9, GAPDH, and beta-actin, respectively. Ribosomal protein S9 was ranked first 59% of the time and was never ranked lower than fifth. The lowest-ranked gene was polyubiquitin, ranked last 46.5% of the time (average rank = 6.85 +/- 0.10). In this study, physiological state, amount of intake, or dietary treatment influenced the mRNA expression of commonly used HKG in bovine liver. Ideally, expression stability should be tested before collection of data in all experiments; however, we have shown that RPS9 mRNA is stable across several physiological and diet-related experimental conditions for dairy cows, making it a good HKG in liver quantitative PCR experiments.
Cardiac amyloid by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Figure 1 (2007)

A 45-year-old Afro-Caribbean man presented with a 1-year history of progressive fatigue, myalgia, chest pain and dyspnoea. A physical examination was normal. There were non-specific precordial ST- and T-wave changes by ECG and mild biventricular hypertrophy and …
Inducing Proliferation of Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) Cells for Cell Therapy (2000)

Probably because amnion is derived from the fetus and is exposed to the maternal immune system, human amniotic epithelial (HAE) cells do not express the HLA-A, -B, -C, or -DR antigens on their surfaces, suggesting that HAE cells do not induce rejection (immune reaction) after allotransplantation. And the amnion, like the placenta, is useless to the mother and child after birth. Therefore, HAE cells or tissues were expected to be suitable for allotransplantation. Because HAE cells produce large amounts of enzymes, amnion transplantation has been carried out in order to correct inborn errors of metabolism by supplementing lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. However, several problems remain before amnion allotransplantation can be accepted as effective. The HAE cell population is limited, because the maximum number of HAE cells obtainable from one donor is about 2 x 10(8) cells, and HAE cells proliferate poorly in in vitro culture. In this study, we aimed at increasing the HAE cell population in vitro. First, we investigated the effect of several cytokines on HAE cell proliferation and found that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-beta stimulated it, whereas IL-6 and LIF inhibited it. Second, we investigated the effects of amniotic fluid on HAE cell proliferation and observed that IL-6 in amniotic fluid inhibits it. Then, to inhibit the dying of cells, we attempted to inhibit apoptosis (one mode of cell death). Treatment with caspase III inhibitor increased the cell viability of HAE cells by 20%.
Aluminum Etch and After-Corrosion Characteristics in a m=0 Helicon Wave Plasma Etcher (1998)

The etch and corrosion characteristics of stacked aluminum were investigated in a m=0 helicon plasma etcher. Wide process margin was achieved in the aspects of Al etch profile and selectivity of Al to photoresist. The dependence of corrosion resistance on etch parameters was remarkably improved under the conditions of high source power, low pressure, and no N 2 addition. The sidewalls of etched Al analyzed by tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) were composed of three different layers: an outermost layer, a middle layer, an innermost layer. When N 2 was added, the serious corrosion was caused by the high concentration of residual chlorine captured in the dense sidewall film which mainly consists of Al–O, Al–N, Si–O, and Si–N. It was observed that lowering the source power induced the big increase of both Cl and Cu concentrations.
Measurements on the Enhancement of the Thermal Conductivity of an Epoxy Resin when Reinforced with Glass Fiber and Carbon Multiwalled Nanotubes (2008)

Measurements of the enhancement of the thermal conductivity of an epoxy resin, when reinforced with plies of plain weave glass fabric and by carbon multiwalled nanotubes (C-MWNT) and with both, are presented. The transient hot-wire technique, as it was recently modified to measure the thermal conductivity of solids, was used with an uncertainty of less than ± 1 %. The results revealed for the epoxy reinforced with glass fibers, with volume fraction of 28 % (47 % weight fraction), the thermal conductivity increase was 27 % compared to plain epoxy resin. When reinforced with C-MWNT, the maximum enhancement observed was about 20 % at a concentration of 1.2 % by weight of C-MWNT. Similarly, when reinforced with both the C-MWNT and glass fibers, the maximum thermal conductivity enhancement observed was about 60 % at a concentration of 1.2 % by weight of C-MWNT.
Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits Lipase Production by Clinical Ocular Isolates Without Affecting Bacterial Cell Viability (2016)

Lipase activity varied between species and between strains. Staphylococcal spp. produced higher lipase activity compared with P. acnes and Corynebacterium spp. Glycerol monolaurate inhibited lipase production by S. aureus and S. epidermidis at concentrations that did not adversely affect bacterial cell growth. GML can be used to inhibit ocular bacterial lipase production without proving detrimental to commensal bacteria viability.
A 622 Mbps ATM physical layer ASIC and its "design for test" methods (2002)

A 622 Mbps ATM physical layer ASIC design is described. This ASIC performs the full 622 Mbps ATM physical layer functions according to the ITU-T I.432 and ATM Forum UNI standards. The cells are processed at 77.76 MHz speed but most of the other STM related circuits run at te 19.44 MHz clock rate. Each functional block is explained with its robust synchronization mechanism among other processing blocks. The design aspects and techniques for the ASIC test are explained for scan test and additional functional test in a reduced frame mode which was specially designed for this ASIC. Most of the basic functions were verified through loop-back test including fiber loops.
Random Dopant Threshold Voltage Fluctuations in 50 nm Epitaxial Channel MOSFETs: A 3D 'Atomistic' Simulation Study (1998)

3D 'atomistic' simulations are used to study random dopant related threshold voltage fluctuations in 50 nm MOSFETs. Comparisons are made between conventionally doped transistors and transistors with thin epitaxial silicon layers on heavily doped silicon. Issues related to both the optimum threshold voltage control and the suppression of the threshold voltage dispersion are addressed.
The preparation of insoluble, matrix-supported derivatives of asparaginase for use in cancer therapy. (1970)

Four methods are described for the preparation of enzymically active, water-insoluble derivatives of the antineoplastic enzyme asparaginase from Escherichia coli B. All methods lead to covalent bond formation, and three of the derivatives are more stable at 37° than free enzyme in solution. Derivatives prepared by the Woodward's reagent method are slightly less stable than free enzyme at 37°. The materials are suggested for use in an extracorporeal filter.
A review on<i>in situ</i>stiffness adjustment methods in MEMS (2016)

<p>In situ stiffness adjustment in microelectromechanical systems is used in a variety of applications such as radio-frequency mechanical filters, energy harvesters, atomic force microscopy, vibration detection sensors. In this review we provide designers with an overview of existing stiffness adjustment methods, their working principle, and possible adjustment range. The concepts are categorized according to their physical working principle. It is concluded that the electrostatic adjustment principle is the most applied method, and narrow to wide ranges in stiffness can be achieved. But in order to obtain a wide range in stiffness change, large, complex devices were designed. Mechanical stiffness adjustment is found to be a space-effective way of obtaining wide changes in stiffness, but these methods are often discrete and require large tuning voltages. Stiffness adjustment through stressing effects or change in Young's modulus was used only for narrow ranges. The change in second moment of inertia was used for stiffness adjustment in the intermediate range.</p>
Plasminogen activator secretion by granule neurons in cultures of developing cerebellum. (1981)

Dispersed cell cultures were established from 7- to 9-day postnatal mouse cerebellum. The fibrin slice method was used to obtain a localization of plasminogen activator production to specific cells. Fibrinolytically active cells were small (5- to 8-micrometer diameter), round, and occurred singly or in aggregates. Fibrinolysis was both plasminogen and time dependent, inhibitable by epsilon-aminocaproic acid and soybean trypsin inhibitor and did not occur when cells were fixed in formalin prior to the fibrin overlay. Strong fibrin degradation occurred only when granule neurons were abundant in the cultures. These plasminogen activator secreting cells were identified as granule neurons by cell separation methods, nuclear morphology, and their ability to bind tetanus toxin and rabbit antiserum against mouse cerebellum (anti-Cbl-1 antiserum). Plasminogen activator also could be quantified in fractionated tissue homogenates or in cell culture medium by the 125I-labeled fibrin plate assay. Fibrinolysis in cerebellar extracts was 95% dependent on the presence of added plasminogen; furthermore, the activity was greater in cerebellar extracts as compared to cerebral cortex of the same age. At the age examined, the cerebellum contains many migratory neurons, and plasminogen activator production may be involved in the process of cell movement.
Preparation and properties of novel green poly(ether–ester urethane)s insulating coatings based on polyols derived from glycolyzed PET, castor oil, and adipic acid and blocked isocyanate (2007)

Abstract To utilize renewable resource raw materials as well as trying to recycle polymeric materials, three new polyols (PEE1‐3) were prepared from trasesterification reaction of postconsumer poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET), different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and glycerine. The intermediate hydroxyl‐terminated compounds were chain extended via esterification reaction with adipic acid (AA), and the products were reacted with castor oil (CO). These polyols were cured by blocked isocyanate (BIC) made from trimethylol propane, toluene diisocyanate, and N ‐methyl aniline. All of starting materials and final films were characterized by conventional methods. Curing condition was optimized via gel content measurements. Crosslink density of samples was determined via equilibrium swelling method, using Flory–Rehner equations. Effects of structural parameters on physical, electrical, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical (DMTA) properties of the polyurethane coatings were investigated. Comparison of results with commercially available product shows that the prepared green coatings have environmental benefits as well as high performance for metal insulator coatings too. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A qualitative study of health-seeking behavior of Hepatitis B carriers. (2005)

Many HBV carriers' inadequate understanding of the disease resulted in indifferent or inappropriate health-seeking behavior towards their disease management. There is room for health education for these carriers to enhance their awareness of the disease and improve compliance to disease monitoring.
Regulation of two nested proteins from gene 49 (recombination endonuclease VII) and of a lambda RexA-like protein of bacteriophage T4. (1988)

Phage T4 gene 49, encoding recombination endonuclease VII, specifies, by initiation from an AUG and an internal GUG codon, two in-frame overlapping peptides (of 18 and 12 kD). The gene is transcribed early and late, albeit from different promoters. The sequence predicts that in long early transcripts, initiated far upstream of the coding sequence, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the first ribosome binding site can be sequestered in a hairpin and/or cleaved. These processes might reduce initiation from the first AUG and facilitate initiation of the 12-kD peptide from the internal GUG. The potential of this hairpin to participate in Y structures or cruciforms suggests possible autoregulation. Shorter, more stable late transcripts initiated from a late promoter immediately upstream of the first ribosome binding site cannot form this hairpin. More efficient translation of the longer 18-kD gene 49 peptide from these late transcripts accounts for the strong dependence of endonuclease VII activity on late gene expression. An ORF downstream from gene 49 can be translated from a motA-dependent transcript that starts inside gene 49 as well as from the gene 49 transcripts. Its initiation codon overlaps the stop codon of gene 49, suggesting some coupling of translation. The deduced protein resembles, among others, the RexA protein of phage lambda. Possible implications for T4 recombination and for the interference of lambda lysogens with T4 gene 49 and rII mutants are discussed.
GRT: Program-Analysis-Guided Random Testing (T) (2015)

We propose Guided Random Testing (GRT), which uses static and dynamic analysis to include information on program types, data, and dependencies in various stages of automated test generation. Static analysis extracts knowledge from the system under test. Test coverage is further improved through state fuzzing and continuous coverage analysis. We evaluated GRT on 32 real-world projects and found that GRT outperforms major peer techniques in terms of code coverage (by 13 %) and mutation score (by 9 %). On the four studied benchmarks of Defects4J, which contain 224 real faults, GRT also shows better fault detection capability than peer techniques, finding 147 faults (66 %). Furthermore, in an in-depth evaluation on the latest versions of ten popular real-world projects, GRT successfully detects over 20 unknown defects that were confirmed by developers.