gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Adsorption on Functionalized Nanoporous Activated Carbons (2005)

There is considerable interest in hydrogen adsorption on carbon nanotubes and porous carbons as a method of storage for transport and related energy applications. This investigation has involved a systematic investigation of the role of functional groups and porous structure characteristics in determining the hydrogen adsorption characteristics of porous carbons. Suites of carbons were prepared with a wide range of nitrogen and oxygen contents and types of functional groups to investigate their effect on hydrogen adsorption. The porous structures of the carbons were characterized by nitrogen (77 K) and carbon dioxide (273 K) adsorption methods. Hydrogen adsorption isotherms were studied at 77 K and pressure up to 100 kPa. All the isotherms were Type I in the IUPAC classification scheme. Hydrogen isobars indicated that the adsorption of hydrogen is very temperature dependent with little or no hydrogen adsorption above 195 K. The isosteric enthalpies of adsorption at zero surface coverage were obtained using a virial equation, while the values at various surface coverages were obtained from the van't Hoff isochore. The values were in the range 3.9-5.2 kJ mol(-1) for the carbons studied. The thermodynamics of the adsorption process are discussed in relation to temperature limitations for hydrogen storage applications. The maximum amounts of hydrogen adsorbed correlated with the micropore volume obtained from extrapolation of the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation for carbon dioxide adsorption. Functional groups have a small detrimental effect on hydrogen adsorption, and this is related to decreased adsorbate-adsorbent and increased adsorbate-adsorbate interactions.
Low loss fiber to chip connection system for telecommunication devices (2001)

We present a method for low loss coupling of multiple fibers to optical waveguides. Simultaneous alignment of multiple fibers is done by placing the fibers in a V-groove array. Coupling efficiency can be enhanced by placing a high numerical aperture (HNA) fiber (MFD 4 µm) between the standard telecom fiber and a horizontal tapered waveguide. The splicing loss between the standard telecom fiber and the HNA fiber was less than 0.2 dB. The coupling loss between the HNA fiber and the tapered waveguide channel was simulated and lower than 0.25 dB for perfect alignment. This gives a total coupling loss from a standard telecom fiber to the waveguide channel of less than 0.6 dB.
Current trends in polymer dispersed liquid crystals (2002)

A novel cholesteric liquid crystal/polymer gel dispersion has been constructed which can be operated either in normal mode or reverse mode. The normal-mode cell is opaque in a field-OFF condition and clear in a field-ON condition. The reverse-mode cell is clear in a field-OFF condition and opaque in a field-ON condition. In the clear state, both cells are haze-free for all viewing angles. The cholesteric liquid crystal/polymer gel dispersion can be used to make normal-mode and reverse-mode light shutters. The reverse-mode shutter has very good electrooptical characteristics, exhibiting a sharp transition, small hysteresis, and fast dynamic response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of LNA Phosphoramidates (2008)

The synthesis of LNA phosphoramidates is presented. The LNA phosphoramidates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation of the human prostate cancer cell line 15PC3. A number of the LNA phosphoramidates showed cell proliferation inhibition determined by the MTS assay.
Preparing leadership to manage change during divestiture, acquisition or joint venture (2002)

Describes a set of tools and techniques that have been designed to assist leaders in communicating and managing the change that accompanies divestiture, acquisition and joint venture. It primarily focuses on a training program that consists of best practices and learnings from previous activities and literature, focused on: tips on managing your reaction to change; dealing with the impact of change on individuals; communicating the divestiture/acquisition/joint venture; working with survivors of the change; and protecting the business and employees in times of change. Also highlights some additional steps that have been taken to design tools that assist in understanding the impact that divestiture, acquisition and joint venture could have in the organization.
Axial tomography and three dimensional image reconstruction (1975)

A number of existing $gamma$ cameras for imaging of radioisotope distributions give depth information about the distribution. These devices have in common that they provide tomographic images of the object, that is, that images of a given object plane have that plane in focus and all other object planes contribute an out-of-focus background superimposed on the in-focus image. A method is described for three dimensional reconstruction of these axial tomographic images which removes the blurred off-plane activity from a number of transverse planes simultaneously. The method is applicable to a number of tomographic cameras, such as the multiple single-pinhole camera, the rotating slanted-hole collimator, the Anger focussing tomographic scanner, and the positron camera. The method can be implemented on a small computer having a disc system. (auth)
Glyphosate interaction with manganese in tank mixtures and its effect on glyphosate absorption and translocation (2005)

Recent reports indicate that manganese (Mn), applied as a foliar fertilizer in tank mixtures with glyphosate, has the potential to antagonize glyphosate efficacy and reduce weed control. It was hypothesized that Mn2+ complexed with glyphosate in a similar manner to Ca2+, forming salts that were not readily absorbed and, thereby, reducing glyphosate efficacy. This study was conducted to confirm the interaction of Mn2+ and glyphosate and to measure the effect of Mn on glyphosate absorption and translocation in velvetleaf. In aqueous solutions, Mn2+ binds with solvent molecules and with chelating agents to form hexacoordinate complexes. The distribution of paramagnetic species, both the free manganous ion ([Mn{H2O}6]2+) and the Mn2+–glyphosate complex, in Mn–glyphosate solutions at various pH values were analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Glyphosate interaction with Mn appeared to increase as the pH was increased from spray solution levels (2.8 to 4.5) to levels common in the plant symplast (7.5). Growth chamber bioassays were conducted to measure absorption and translocation of 14C-labeled glyphosate in solution with four Mn fertilizers: Mn-ethylaminoacetate (Mn-EAA), Mn-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Mn-EDTA), Mn-lignin sulfonate (Mn-LS), and Mn-sulfate (MnSO4). Mn-EDTA did not interfere with glyphosate efficacy, absorption, or translocation. However, both MnSO4 and Mn-LS reduced glyphosate efficacy, absorption, and translocation. Mn-EAA severely antagonized glyphosate efficacy, and although glyphosate in tank mixtures with Mn-EAA was absorbed rapidly, little was translocated from the treated leaf. The Mn-EAA fertilizer contained approximately 0.5% iron (Fe) not reported on the fertilizer label. Iron is presumed to be partially responsible for the very limited translocation of glyphosate from the treated leaf in Mn-EAA tank mixtures. Adding ammonium sulfate increased the efficacy, absorption, and translocation of glyphosate for each Mn fertilizer tank mixture.
RESTRAN: Residual Strength Analysis of Impact Damaged Composite Laminates. Volume I: Theoretical Manual (2001)

The use of composite material systems in structural design has yielded significant improvements in material efficiency by minimizing weight while meeting static and dynamic strength requirements. The complexity of composite materials, however, has presented a spectrum of additional design considerations in the areas of fabrication, strength tailoring, failure mechanisms, and damage tolerance. Laminated composites exhibit a variety of damage and failure modes which include matrix cracking, fiber breakage, delamination propagation, and instability. Of prime concern is the predication of residual strength in composite structures subjected to damage-causing impact threats in the intended service environment. The present effort aims to account for many of the salient damage mechanisms utilizing a numerical, finite element-based approach. Such an approach permits a broad range of failure modes to be accounted for while allowing the modeling of complex geometries, support conditions, and applied loading. This report details the theoretical and algorithmic basis of a developed computer program denoted RESTRAN (REsidual STRength ANalysis), incorporating both material and structural failure modes in the prediction of residual strength in composite structures containing internal damage.
Lymphocyte-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity in Hashimoto thyroiditis. (1973)

In the presence of normal human lymphocytes, decomplemented sera from twentynine out of thirty-nine patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis caused significant lysis of thyroglobulin-coated chicken red blood cells, as estimated by the release of (51)Cr; the mean% specific (51)Cr release being 14·1 ± 1·9 (SEM). Serum from twenty-one control subjects studied concurrently caused no significant lysis of thyroglobulin-coated chicken red blood cells; the mean% specific (51)Cr release being −1·6±0·7 (SEM). The degree of cytotoxicity correlated with the titre of thyroglobulin antibodies in the serum, determined by tanned red cell haemagglutination. The active component in the Hashimoto serum was localized in the 19S fraction, was unaffected by pre-absorption with anti-human IgM serum, but was neutralized by pre-absorption with anti-human IgG serum. These findings suggest that the cytotoxic activity of serum from patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis is due to the presence of thyroglobulin antibody of the IgG class in the form of complexes, either alone or with antigen. It is postulated that non-specific lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis, being activated by the presence in the gland of thyroglobulin antibody, either alone or in the form of complexes attached to thyroid cells.
Study of the relationship between exhaust emissions and fuel economy. Technical report (1983)

This report examines the relationship between exhaust emissions and fuel economy of automobiles. Examined are vehicle characteristics such as driveability, performance, costs, octane requirements, and production lead time. Also included is past EPA reports on fuel economy and exhaust emissions, a literature search identifying other pertinent reports and finally the 1981 automobile fleet was examined and its fuel economy and exhaust emissions performance was assessed.
Sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras-pescadoras y agricultoras en el Suroeste: una propuesta para un cambio social (2005)

Tradicionalmente se ha considerado que el cambio social conocido como ?Revolucion Neolitica? se produjo unicamente tras la introduccion de una serie de elementos foraneos: los cereales y los ovicapridos. Desde el marco geografico del suroes-te, las evidencias empiricas aportan nuevos elementos que deben considerarse para la explicacion del mismo. Estas evidencias y las hipotesis explicativas de las mismas es lo que exponemos aqui.
Teito rapid transit authority's automatic train operation (1968)

The traffic congestion in and around Tokyo has become intensified year after year, and the subway has come to be looked upon as the most effective way of eliminating it, or alleviating it to an appreciable extent at least. The Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in Japan has had an automatic train control (ATC) system in operation for many years to ensure safety adequately while fully exploiting its service efficiency. In the face of ever-increasing population and transport demand, the Authority in its quest for higher efficiency and safety in train operation pioneered in developing an automatic train operation (ATO) system and has been testing it on the Hibiya Line since 1962. Under the ATO, all train functions-notch-in, power running, coasting, braking, and stopping--are performed automatically. The motorman simply presses a pushbutton to start the train, which then runs on safely under ATC and stops smoothly, accurately, and automatically at the next station. We are satisfied with the results of tests in regard to the durability, reliability, and accuracy of the system as well as in regard to riding quality. The Authority is convinced that by putting this new system into operation the ATO can carry on passenger service at a shorter headway, with greater safety and accuracy, and can expand traffic capacity to some extent. Further study is now under way to improve the system by combining a centralized traffic control system and an inductive radio system, in order to exercise group control over all the trains on the track.
Substrate temperature dependence of arsenic precipitate formation in AlGaAs and GaAs (1991)

GaAs epilayers which are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy under ‘‘normal’’ group III–V fluxes but at very low substrate temperatures contain as much as 1% excess arsenic. Upon annealing these epilayers at a temperature of 600 °C, the excess arsenic forms precipitates. We have undertaken a systematic study of the substrate growth temperature dependence of this incorporation of excess arsenic in both GaAs and Al0.3Ga0.7As epilayers. The substrate growth temperature was varied in increments of 25 °C from 225 to 375 °C after every 0.25 μm of film growth for a GaAs and an Al0.3Ga0.7As epilayer. Both epilayers were grown using a dimer arsenic source and a group V to total group III beam equivalent pressure ∼20. After growth the films were annealed for 1 h in the As2 flux at a temperature of 600 °C. Cross-sectional samples were than prepared by the ion thinning technique and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both epilayers contained arsenic precipitates; this is the first observation of arsenic precipitates in an Al0.3Ga0.7As epilayer. The density of the arsenic precipitates in the two epilayers had a strong dependence on substrate growth temperature. Details of the film growth and of the TEM observations are reported.
Selective oxidation using gold (2008)

This critical review covers the recent development of the catalytic properties of gold in the selective oxidation of organic compounds, highlighting the exciting contribution to the art of catalysis. The unique, outstanding properties of nanometre-scale particles of gold, a biocompatible non-toxic metal, have allowed the development of a new generation of stable and selective catalysts for the conversion of many organic feedstocks to valuable chemicals. A critical discussion of the results of different research groups is presented along with attempts to correlate the catalytic properties with catalyst morphology in non-equivalent series of experiments. Particular emphasis has been given to the international efforts towards optimised synthesis of products of industrial appeal such as propylene oxide, vinyl acetate monomer, cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone, gluconic acid and glyceric acid (168 references).
Design of Novel Hybrid Vitamin C Derivatives: Thermal Stability and Biological Activity. (1996)

Novel hybrid L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) derivatives with other biologically active substances, 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-beta-pyrone (kojic acid) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), linked at the C-2 or C-3 hydroxyl group were synthesized, and their thermal stability and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity, active oxygen species (AOS), and free radicals were estimated in vitro. It was found that a hydrophilic derivative, 2-O-(5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one-2-methyl)-L-ascorbic acid (1), exhibited good thermal stability and inhibitory activities against tyrosinase catalyzed melanin formation, AOS, and free radicals compared to vitamin C and its conventional derivatives (such as the 2-phosphate 6-stearate and 2.6-dipalmitate, and 2-O-octadecylascorbic acid), as well as vitamin E, kojic acid, and arbutin. It is apparent that 1 has the biological properties of vitamin C and kojic acid, and acts synergistically. The hydroxyl groups at the C-3 position of the vitamin C moiety and the C-5 position of the kojic acid moiety are critical for the biological activities. We consider that the kojic acid moiety of 1 counterbalances the diminution of the biological activity due to shielding of the biologically important C-2 hydroxyl group of the vitamin C moiety. In addition, the thermal stability was significantly improved relative to not only vitamin C but also kojic acid. Further, a lipophilic derivative, 3-O-[(alpha-tocopheryloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-L-ascorbic acid, 2, was far more stable than vitamin C and its typical lipophilic derivatives. Compound 2 exhibited almost the same inhibitory activities against tyrosinase-catalyzed melanin formation, AOS, and free radicals as typical lipophilic derivatives, although these biological activities of 2 were lower than those of vitamin C.
The influence of the surface energy and roughness of implants on bone resorption (1989)

We investigated the possibility that the macrophages which are seen around implants may stimulate bone resorption and cause loosening. We found that macrophages release mediators that stimulate bone resorption, and that the amount of resorption increased by between 2.5 and 10 times when the macrophages adhered to a foreign surface. This bone resorption depended on the surface energy and roughness of the foreign surface, varying with these physical properties rather than with the chemical nature of the material. It is concluded that loosening of orthopaedic implants is likely to be influenced by the surface energy and roughness of the implant.
Penetration Phosphors: Preparation and Cathodoluminescence Properties (1982)

Two types of phosphors have been prepared; (1) red-emitting (Zn, Cd)S: Ag phosphor layer deposited on non-luminescent SiO 2 particles, and (2) green-emitting Zn 2 SiO 4 : Mn phosphor particles coated with undored ZnS or (Zn, Cd)S layer. Both layers are deposited on individual powder particles by chemical deposition using thioacetamide as the source of sulfide ions. Various factors affecting the deposition process as well as the effect of post-baking have been studied to establish the optimum preparative conditions and to obtain efficient phosphor layers. The cathodoluminescence of the two-component phosphor screens prepared by mixing these two types of phosphors have been measured as a function of the accelerating voltage of the incident electron beam.
Avalanche multiplication in AlGaN based solar-blind photodetectors (2005)

Avalanche multiplication has been observed in solar-blind AlGaN-based p-i-n photodiodes. Upon ultraviolet illumination, the optical gain shows a soft breakdown starting at relatively low electric fields, eventually saturating without showing a Geiger mode breakdown. The devices achieve a maximum optical gain of 700 at a reverse bias of 60 V. By modeling the device, it is found that this corresponds to an electric-field strength of 1.7MV∕cm.
Protein engineering as a powerful tool for the chemical modification of enzymes. (1996)

This article discusses the techniques of site-specific mutagenesis and protein engineering and their application in the study of enzyme active sites and the mechanism of enzyme action. Particular emphasis is given to beta-lactamase.
Evaluation of physical marker interfaces for protecting visual privacy from mobile robots (2016)

We present a study that examines the efficiency and usability of three different interfaces for specifying which objects should be kept private (i.e., not visible) in an office environment. Our study context is a robot “janitor” system that has the ability to blur out specified objects from its video feed. One interface is a traditional point-and-click GUI on a computer monitor, while the other two operate in the real, physical space: users either place markers on the objects to indicate privacy or use a wand tool to point at them. We compare the interfaces using both self-report (e.g., surveys) and behavioral measures. Our results showed that (1) the graphical interface performed better both in terms of time and usability, and (2) using persistent markers increased the participants' ability to recall what they tagged. Choosing the right interface appears to depend on the application scenario. We also summarize feedback from the participants for improving interfaces that specify visual privacy preferences.
The very-long-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO2 is essential and limiting for plant development (2008)

Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are synthesized as acyl-CoAs by the endoplasmic reticulum-localized elongase multiprotein complex. Two Arabidopsis genes are putative homologues of the recently identified yeast 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydratase (PHS1), the third enzyme of the elongase complex. We showed that Arabidopsis PASTICCINO2 (PAS2) was able to restore phs1 cytokinesis defects and sphingolipid long chain base overaccumulation. Conversely, the expression of PHS1 was able to complement the developmental defects and the accumulation of long chain bases of the pas2-1 mutant. The pas2-1 mutant was characterized by a general reduction of VLCFA pools in seed storage triacylglycerols, cuticular waxes, and complex sphingolipids. Most strikingly, the defective elongation cycle resulted in the accumulation of 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA intermediates, indicating premature termination of fatty acid elongation and confirming the role of PAS2 in this process. We demonstrated by in vivo bimolecular fluorescence complementation that PAS2 was specifically associated in the endoplasmic reticulum with the enoyl-CoA reductase CER10, the fourth enzyme of the elongase complex. Finally, complete loss of PAS2 function is embryo lethal, and the ectopic expression of PHS1 led to enhanced levels of VLCFAs associated with severe developmental defects. Altogether these results demonstrate that the plant 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO2 is an essential and limiting enzyme in VLCFA synthesis but also that PAS2-derived VLCFA homeostasis is required for specific developmental processes.
Genetic sex separation of the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis, by exposing eggs to dieldrin (2012)

The GSS ANO IPCL1 was shown to be a suitable strain for further testing for SIT though high semi-sterility is a disadvantage for mass rearing.