gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrolytic Degradation of PLA/PEO/PLA Triblock Copolymers with Short Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid) Chains (1996)

PLA/PEO/PLA triblock copolymers bearing short poly(l-lactic acid) blocks, with the number average degree of polymerization of each PLA block PLA = 2, 4, 8, and 12, were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of l-lactide initiated by poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of CaH2. The length of PEO blocks was varied by using parent PEG of different number average degrees of polymerization PEG = 14, 26, and 49, respectively, according to SEC and NMR. SEC and 1H and 13C NMR showed the resulting triblock copolymers did not contain any detectable PLA homopolymer as side product. The use of DMSO-d6 as solvent for NMR analyses, instead of CDCl3, greatly enhanced the resolution and permitted the distinction of the signals due to the last two constitutive units located at both ends of each PLA block. Data obtained by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry suggested that PEO and PLA blocks were phase separated even for copolymers with very short PLA blocks. Optical microscopy and DSC showed that an increase in the length of PLA blocks led to a decrease in the crystallinity of PEO blocks up to disappearance. Hydrolysis was carried out in DMSO/D2O in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and monitored by NMR. Data suggested that intrachain and PEO/PLA connecting ester bonds were cleaved at comparable rates in the selected homogeneous medium.
Secure communication system using chaos via DSP implementation (2002)

In this paper, we describe DSP experiments of secure communication using chaos signal. Many methods that assume analog circuits have been proposed in this field. However, in practical situation, it seems difficult to maintain both the transmitter and receiver with very high accuracy. Therefore, we try to use digital signal processor (DSP) for modulation and demodulation systems by assuming the digital transmission line such as LAN, etc. DSP is one of single-chip computers which include small scale memory, serial input/output ports and so on. Specifically, DSP has the performance of calculation over 10 MIPS, therefore, almost all the process based on modulation and demodulation can be realized on real time.
New Requirements And Solutions For Product Data Processing Of Three-dimensional Molded Interconnection Devices (2005)

The design of electronical devices is determined by seperate construction of flat printed circuit boards with discret components and its insertion into a mechanical unit. New chances of integrating housing and circuitry by means of three-dimensional Molded Interconnection Devices (3D-MIDs) results not only in new challenges of assembly technique but first of all in new requirements for processing product data. Submitted essay gives an overview of new requirements to handle three-dimensional data in designing electronical products especially3D-MIDs. Promising steps for integrating the functionalit of CAD systems for electronical (ECAD) and mechanical (MYCAD) applications are described and further developments to introduce 3-D-ECAD-Systems are presented. 1. Steps of lntearation in Production EleCtronic Products The current trend in the field of electronic equipment production, from the product development stage through to market launch, is characterized by extremely short innovation cycles. The main cause for this tendency is the rapid development of microelectronics as a base technology which has given rise to equally rapid advances in the implementation of new equipment structures. The trend has been further intensified by the general demands of the market for greater product variation and a higher power density in the electronic. devices. The strong requirements can be corresponded with the use of computer aided tools in planning, design and manufacturing. In the production of electronic devices in particular, there is an extraordinarily close correlation between the introduction of rational manufacturing technologies and the formation of new product structures. Conventional equipment designs have until now been characterized b discrete production steps (figure 1). A board is constructechrom individual components and then mounted in the unit. The advantages of this method are optimized single processes and functionally reliable subsystems. The main disadvantage however is the size of the final device.
Wide area monitoring using Common Information Model and Sensor Web (2009)

Real-time monitoring of power systems has become a reality with the use of phasor measurement units (PMU). Wide-area monitoring of the power system in a de-regularized world requires neighboring utilities' to share data with each other. Sharing data is a difficult process as different utilities use different software applications that store data in their own proprietary data-formats. To minimize the data format constraints, EPRI (U.S. Electric Power Research Institute) developed the Common Information Model (CIM) for power systems. Using CIM as a common format for data from different utilities, the disparate applications can work together. Further, these CIM data can be stored in a data concentrator application like sensor Web that obtains these messages from different utilities and sorts and stores them in a central repository. The data from this repository can be used to perform tasks like state estimation and contingency analysis.
Taxonomic study of aerobic thermophilic bacilli: descriptions of Geobacillus subterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Geobacillus uzenensis sp. nov. from petroleum reservoirs and transfer of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus thermocatenulatus, Bacillus thermoleovorans, Bacillus kaustophilus, Bacillus thermodenitrificans to Geobacillus as the new combinations G. stearothermophilus, G. th. (2001)

Five hydrocarbon-oxidizing strains were isolated from formation waters of oilfields in Russia, Kazakhstan and China. These strains were moderately thermophilic, neutrophilic, motile, spore-forming rods, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. The G+C content of their DNA ranged from 49.7 to 52.3 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7; cellular fatty acid profiles consisted of significant amounts of iso-15:0, iso-16:0 and iso-17:0 fatty acids (61.7-86.8% of the total). Based on data from 16S rDNA analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, the subsurface isolates could be divided into two groups, one of which consisted of strains UT and X and the other of which consisted of strains K, Sam and 34T. The new strains exhibited a close phylogenetic relationship to thermophilic bacilli of 'Group 5' of Ash et al. [Ash, C., Farrow, J. A. E., Wallbanks, S. & Collins, M. D. (1991). Lett Appl Microbiol 13, 202-206] and a set of corresponding signature positions of 16S rRNA. Comparative analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences and fatty acid compositions of the novel isolates and established species of thermophilic bacilli indicated that the subsurface strains represent two new species within a new genus, for which the names Geobacillus subterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov., and Geobacillus uzenensis sp. nov. are proposed. It is also proposed that Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus thermoleovorans, Bacillus thermocatenulatus, Bacillus kaustophilus, Bacillus thermoglucosidasius and Bacillus thermodenitrificans be transferred to this new genus, with Geobacillus stearothermophilus (formerly Bacillus stearothermophilus) as the type species.
Compression of DNA sequences (2002)

The authors propose a lossless algorithm based on regularities, such as the presence of palindromes, in the DNA. The results obtained, although not satisfactory, are far beyond classical algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Giant negative thermal expansion in Ge-doped anti-perovskite manganese nitrides (2005)

We report the discovery of a large negative thermal expansion (NTE) up to α=−25×10−6K−1 (α: coefficient of linear thermal expansion) in Ge-doped anti-perovskite manganese nitrides Mn3AN (A=Cu,Zn,Ga). This gigantic NTE is several to ten times higher than that of commercially available NTE materials. The discontinuous lattice expansion seen in pure Mn3AN is broadened by Ge substitution over a wide temperature window, at widest ΔT∼100K, around room temperature. Such a large, isotropic and nonhysteretic NTE is desirable for practical applications.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolytetrafluoroethyleneW. E. Hanford and R. M. JoyceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 10, 2082–2085Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01214a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01214a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2074Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of retinal blood velocity (2006)

A fundus camera was modified to illuminate the retina of a rabbit model with low power laser light in order to obtain laser speckle images. A fast-exposure charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to capture laser speckle images of the retina. Image acquisition was synchronized with the arterial pulses of the rabbit to ensure that all images are obtained at the same point in the cardiac cycle. The rabbits were sedated and a speculum was inserted to prevent the eyelid from closing. Both albino (New Zealand) and pigmented (Dutch belted) rabbits were used in the study. The rabbit retina is almost avascular. The measurements are obtained for choroidal tissue as well as retinal tissue. Because the retina is in a region of high metabolism, blood velocity is strongly affected by blood oxygen saturation. Measurements of blood velocity obtained over a wide range of O<sub>2</sub> saturations (58%-100%) showed that blood velocity increases with decreasing O<sub>2</sub> saturation. For most experiments, the left eye of the rabbit was used for laser measurements whereas the right eye served as a control. No observable difference between pre- and post-experimented eye was noted. Histological examinations of retinal tissue subjected to repeated laser measurements showed no indication of tissue damage.
On the comparison of different tests for identification of a compound from its mass spectrum (2003)

It is shown that identification tests of different dimensions or dimensionless should not be evaluated (for their efficiency to identify molecules from their mass spectrum) by comparing the tests for a molecule itself (repeated measurements) with other molecules. This kind of tests must have similar dimensions (units). Another possibility is the comparison of tests on the basis of success of correct prediction for "unknown" molecules from a library of standards.
Development of a Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2014)

The objective of this study was to develop technologies for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to achieve a long endurance. The air plane was driven by electric-based propulsion systems with power supplied continuously by the endless solar energy. A conceptual design was conducted for a solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle. Unlike conventional aircrafts, in this study, a vehicle was designed with consideration of equipping solar cells on the surface to generate sufficient electric power for flight. The solar plane of the new conceptual design was characterized by a hybrid lifting configuration, which was mainly consisted of a conventional wing and a lifting body, and a V-shaped tail to achieve the lightweight and guarantee large surface for using solar cells. The wing had a moderate aspect ratio to obtain better aerodynamic performance. The lifting body not only has a large surface for the solar cells to generate sufficient electric power, but also had a large volume for holding instruments near the mass center. The V-shaped tail not only had less wetted surface area and lightweight, but also played a role of winglet on the lifting body, and thus reduced drag. Ground experiments were carried out to measure the performance of the solar cell, motor, propeller thrust, structure, and so on. Flight tests were successful and performance was analyzed. Results show that the new concept of the solar plane was encouraged to achieve a long endurance flight.
Internal bias in ferroelectric ceramics: Origin and time dependence (1988)

Abstract The internal bias field which is observed in many ferroelectric materials is explained semiquantita-tively. Dipolar defects in the ferroelectric cause div P # O at the defect sites. The electric fields diverging at these sites tend to orient the dipoles to energetically favourable orientations. The free energy is modified by this effect in a similar way as by an electric field. The transient relaxation of the dipoles to the new equilibrium is treated and describes well the observed time behaviour of the internal bias.
INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF HOME TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION MANUFACTURED IN EVA-INFUSION BAGS (THE I.V. BAG®) (1987)

Microbial contamination of total parenteral nutrition including fat emulsions in 1-3 litres plastic infusion bags (the i.v. bag) was studied during production in the pharmacy and administration both at home and in the hospital. Production contamination was investigated by dispensing test bags containing growth medium mixed with dextrose-salt solution. In this highly sensitive system, contamination was detected in less than 4% of cases. In-use contamination was estimated at the end of the infusion. The average contamination rate (+/- growth) in the five patients studied was 6.7% accompanied by considerable variation. Identification of the contaminants revealed that 85% of the contaminated bags contained staphylococci, indicating skin contamination. An investigation on the effect of the procedure used for attaching the infusion set on the contamination rate, was carried out with bags that contained sterile growth medium. This showed no contamination in 14 cases indicating the catheter as the most plausible source of contamination. It is concluded that both production in the community pharmacy and administration in the home are not associated with a higher microbial contamination than in central hospitals. It is, however, recommended that the microbial quality of the production process and the administration procedure are regularly monitored.
cAMP-Dependent Plasticity at Excitatory Cholinergic Synapses in<i>Drosophila</i>Neurons: Alterations in the Memory Mutant<i>Dunce</i> (2000)

It is well known that cAMP signaling plays a role in regulating functional plasticity at central glutamatergic synapses. However, in the Drosophila CNS, where acetylcholine is thought to be a primary excitatory neurotransmitter, cellular changes in neuronal communication mediated by cAMP remain unexplored. In this study we examined the effects of elevated cAMP levels on fast excitatory cholinergic synaptic transmission in cultured embryonic Drosophila neurons. We report that chronic elevation in neuronal cAMP (in dunce neurons or wild-type neurons grown in db-cAMP) results in an increase in the frequency of cholinergic miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). The absence of alterations in mEPSC amplitude or kinetics suggests that the locus of action is presynaptic. Furthermore, a brief exposure to db-cAMP induces two distinct changes in transmission at established cholinergic synapses in wild-type neurons: a short-term increase in the frequency of spontaneous action potential-dependent synaptic currents and a long-lasting, protein synthesis-dependent increase in the mEPSC frequency. A more persistent increase in cholinergic mEPSC frequency induced by repetitive, spaced db-cAMP exposure in wild-type neurons is absent in neurons from the memory mutant dunce. These data demonstrate that interneuronal excitatory cholinergic synapses in Drosophila, like central excitatory glutamatergic synapses in other species, are sites of cAMP-dependent plasticity. In addition, the alterations in dunce neurons suggest that cAMP-dependent plasticity at cholinergic synapses could mediate changes in neuronal communication that contribute to memory formation.
Age-Related Differences in Multiple-Object Tracking (2005)

Multiple-object tracking is the ability to attend (keep track of) the positions of multiple target items as they move among other items. The performance of young and older adults (M = 19 and 73 years old, respectively) was compared in two versions of a tracking task in which participants were required to monitor the positions of 1-4 moving targets in a field of 10 moving items. All participants were capable of tracking more than 1 item at once, but on average older participants tracked around 3 items at once whereas young adults tracked 4. Results suggest that there are age differences in the ability to either track or report positions of moving items. All participants reported positions of 1-4 targets in a field of 10 items with 100% accuracy when items were static.
TRISOMY IN MAN (1984)

Trisomy, occurring in at least 4% of pregnancies, is the most common chromosome abnormality in humans. The majority of trisomies are associated with single additional chromosome. The presence of an additional sex chromosome is often associated with physical, behavioral, and intellectual impairment. The presence of an additional autosome is even more serious, being associated with severe mental and physical retardation and frequently with death in infancy. This review discusses the incidence, parental origin, and etiology of human trisomy. The incidence of trisomy varies widely among different chromosomes. This variation appears to reflect a real difference in the frequency of the primary event leading to trisomy as well as in differential selection. Studies of parental origin have shown a 1st maternal meiotic division error to be the most frequent source of the additional chromosome, regardless of the chromosome involved or the maternal age. Although the magnitude of risk varies among chromosomes, increased maternal age is an important risk factor in trisomy. The incidence of trisomy 21 increases from .05% of livebirths at maternal age 20 years to over 3% of all livebirths at age 45 years. The effect of maternal age is most pronounced in double trisomies. It has been hypothesized that the relationship between increasing maternal age and trisomy is due to a gradient in the fetal ovary that affects chiasma freequency. While the basis for the maternal age effect remains unknown, it is almost certainly due to factors acting at or before conception. Epidemiologic studies suggest that maternal irradiation exposure may also lead to trisomy; however, the effective dosage level and the relationship to maternal age remain unknown. No effect of oral contraceptives, spermicides, or fertility drugs on the incidence of trisomy has been documented to date. Understanding of the mechanisms by which trisomies are produced represents a major challenge for human cytogenetics.
Nonculture methods for diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis (1993)

Two of the nonculture approaches to the diagnosis of DC, enzymatic-fluorometric determination of serum D-arabinitol and detection of marker antigens in antigenemia (enolase and CWMP), have been commercialized and have shown promise in limited clinical trials. These approaches are not new but are the culmination of efforts made over 10 or more years. Clearly, further fine-tuning of both metabolite and antigen detection is needed to simplify the methods and to improve their sensitivity and specificity so that they will be valuable in guiding clinical treatment decisions. An alternative approach, detection of DC by DNA amplification methods such as PCR, is a special case of a compelling technology and one that is capable of standardization across microbial genera. The availability of simplified PCR diagnostic methods for DC remains a tantalizing prospect. Nevertheless, the development of methods to release DNA from very small numbers of Candida organisms in the blood in a form that is sufficiently free of inhibitors of PCR will require further intensive effort. The maturation of these converging laboratory approaches to nonculture diagnosis of DC leads to more optimism about the eventual use of these methods in clinical laboratories.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Ragweeds (Ambrosia Species) (1971)

Allergic eczematous contact dermatitis caused by ragweeds (<i>Ambrosia</i>), named "ragweed oleoresin contact dermatitis," was found to be due to ten sesquiterpene lactones possessing a methylenegroup attached to the lactone. An additional 14 lactones possessing such a group and derived from ragweeds, are probably allergenic.
Comparative Genomics of Trypanosomatid Parasitic Protozoa (2005)

A comparison of gene content and genome architecture of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania major, three related pathogens with different life cycles and disease pathology, revealed a conserved core proteome of about 6200 genes in large syntenic polycistronic gene clusters. Many species-specific genes, especially large surface antigen families, occur at nonsyntenic chromosome-internal and subtelomeric regions. Retroelements, structural RNAs, and gene family expansion are often associated with syntenic discontinuities that-along with gene divergence, acquisition and loss, and rearrangement within the syntenic regions-have shaped the genomes of each parasite. Contrary to recent reports, our analyses reveal no evidence that these species are descended from an ancestor that contained a photosynthetic endosymbiont.
Coming full circle: 70 years of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell redistribution, from glucocorticoids to inhibitors of B-cell receptor signaling (2012)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells proliferate in pseudofollicles within the lymphatic tissues, where signals from the microenvironment and BCR signaling drive the expansion of the CLL clone. Mobilization of tissue-resident cells into the blood removes CLL cells from this nurturing milieu and sensitizes them to cytotoxic drugs. This concept recently gained momentum after the clinical activity of kinase inhibitors that target BCR signaling (spleen tyrosine kinase, Bruton tyrosine kinase, PI3Kδ inhibitors) was established. Besides antiproliferative activity, these drugs cause CLL cell redistribution with rapid lymph node shrinkage, along with a transient surge in lymphocytosis, before inducing objective remissions. Inactivation of critical CLL homing mechanism (chemokine receptors, adhesion molecules), thwarting tissue retention and recirculation into the tissues, appears to be the basis for this striking clinical activity. This effect of BCR-signaling inhibitors resembles redistribution of CLL cells after glucocorticoids, described as early as in the 1940s. As such, we are witnessing a renaissance of the concept of leukemia cell redistribution in modern CLL therapy. Here, we review the molecular basis of CLL cell trafficking, homing, and redistribution and similarities between old and new drugs affecting these processes. In addition, we outline how these discoveries are changing our understanding of CLL biology and therapy.