gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise characterisation of mode-locked laser sources using high-speed InGaAs photodetectors (1989)

The authors briefly describe techniques by which both phase and amplitude noise can be measured in a mode-locked laser in the frequency domain using a high speed InGaAs photodiode-spectrum analyser combination. Two laser systems have been examined, a KCl:Tl colour centre laser both synchronously and coupled-cavity mode-locked and an InGaAsP mode-locked semiconductor diode laser having either a synthesised or crystal-based RF current drive source. >
On-Chip Separation and Analysis of RNA and DNA from Single Cells (2014)

The simultaneous analysis of RNA and DNA of single cells remains a challenge as these species have very similar physical and biochemical properties and can cross-contaminate each other. Presented is an on-chip system that enables selective lysing of single living cells, extraction, focusing, and absolute quantification of cytoplasmic RNA mass and its physical separation from DNA in the nucleus using electrical lysing and isotachophoresis (ITP). This absolute quantitation is performed without enzymatic amplification in less than 5 min. The nucleus is preserved, and its DNA fluorescence signal can be measured independently. We demonstrate the technique using single mouse lymphocyte cells, for which we extracted an average of 14.1 pg of total RNA per cell. We also demonstrate correlation analysis between the absolute amount of RNA and relative amount of DNA, showing heterogeneity associated with cell cycles. The technique is compatible with fractionation of DNA and RNA and with downstream assays of each.
Direct Excitation of the Forbidden Clock Transition in Neutral<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Yb</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>174</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>Atoms Confined to an Optical Lattice (2006)

We report direct single-laser excitation of the strictly forbidden (6s2)1S0 <--> (6s6p)3P0 clock transition in 174Yb atoms confined to a 1D optical lattice. A small (approximately 1.2 mT) static magnetic field was used to induce a nonzero electric dipole transition probability between the clock states at 578.42 nm. Narrow resonance linewidths of 20 Hz (FWHM) with high contrast were observed, demonstrating a resonance quality factor of 2.6 x 10(13). The previously unknown ac Stark shift-canceling (magic) wavelength was determined to be 759.35 +/- 0.02 nm. This method for using the metrologically superior even isotope can be easily implemented in current Yb and Sr lattice clocks and can create new clock possibilities in other alkaline-earth-like atoms such as Mg and Ca.
Synthesis and chemistry of 1-methyl-3-imino-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-6-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-one (1968)

Reaction between 2-(N-methyl)dichloroacetamido-5-chlorobenzophenone and aqueous ammonia yields 1-methyl-3-ammo-3,4-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-6-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-one which dehydrates readily to give the title compound. Structural proof of this substance is reported and several of its transformation products are described.
Hardware Performance Counter-Based Malware Identification and Detection with Adaptive Compressive Sensing (2016)

Hardware Performance Counter-based (HPC) runtime checking is an effective way to identify malicious behaviors of malware and detect malicious modifications to a legitimate program’s control flow. To reduce the overhead in the monitored system which has limited storage and computing resources, we present a “sample-locally-analyze-remotely” technique. The sampled HPC data are sent to a remote server for further analysis. To minimize the I/O bandwidth required for transmission, the fine-grained HPC profiles are compressed into much smaller vectors with Compressive Sensing. The experimental results demonstrate an 80% I/O bandwidth reduction after applying Compressive Sensing, without compromising the detection and identification capabilities.
Nuclear Export of Retinoid X Receptor α in Response to Interleukin-1β-mediated Cell Signaling (2006)

As the obligate heterodimer partner to class II nuclear receptors, the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) plays a vital physiological role in the regulation of multiple hepatic functions, including bile formation, intermediary metabolism, and endobiotic/xenobiotic detoxification. Many RXRalpha-regulated genes are themselves suppressed in inflamed liver via unknown mechanisms, which constitute a substantial component of the negative hepatic acute phase response. In this study we show that RXRalpha, generally considered a stable nuclear resident protein, undergoes rapid nuclear export in response to signals initiated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), a central activator of the acute phase response. Within 30 min of exposure to IL-1beta, nuclear levels of RXRalpha are markedly suppressed in human liver-derived HepG2 cells, temporally coinciding with its appearance in the cytoplasm. The nuclear residence of RXRalpha is maintained by inhibiting c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, curcumin or SP600125) or CRM-1-mediated nuclear export (Leptomycin B). Pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocks IL-1beta-mediated reductions in nuclear RXRalpha levels while increasing accumulation in the cytoplasm. Mutational studies identify one residue, serine 260, a JNK phosphoacceptor site whose phosphorylation status had an unknown role in RXRalpha function, as critical for IL-1beta-mediated nuclear export of transfected human RXRalpha-green fluorescent fusion constructs. These findings indicate that inflammation-mediated cell signaling leads to rapid and profound reductions in nuclear RXRalpha levels, via a multistep, JNK-dependent mechanism involving Ser260, nuclear export, and proteasomal degradation. Thus, inflammation-meditated cell signaling targets RXRalpha for nuclear export and degradation; a potential mechanism that explains the broad suppression of RXRalpha-dependent gene expression in the inflamed liver.
Lentiviral Protein Transfer Vectors Are an Efficient Vaccine Platform and Induce a Strong Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response (2015)

This study demonstrates the specificity and efficacy of antigen transfer by SLAM-targeted and nontargeted lentiviral protein transfer vectors into antigen-presenting cells to trigger antigen-specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The observed predominant activation of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells indicates the suitability of SLAM-targeted and also nontargeted PTVs as a vaccine for the induction of cytotoxic immune responses. Since cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes are a mainstay of antitumoral immune responses, PTVs could be engineered for the transfer of specific tumor antigens provoking tailored antitumoral immunity. Therefore, PTVs can be used as safe and efficient alternatives to gene transfer vectors or live attenuated replicating vector platforms, avoiding genotoxicity or general toxicity in highly immunocompromised patients, respectively. Thereby, the potential for easy envelope exchange allows the circumventing of neutralizing antibodies, e.g., during repeated boost immunizations.
Optical Maser Characteristics of Nd3+ in SrMoO4 (1962)

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Abnormal retention of intron 9 in CD44 gene transcripts in human gastrointestinal tumors. (1995)

We have recently identified a new exon of the CD44 gene and demonstrated abnormal retention of a noncoding section, intron 9, in mRNA from bladder carcinomas. To analyze this further, the present study examined CD44 gene expression in cell lines from 14 esophageal, 3 colonic, and 4 breast carcinomas and in fresh samples from 20 colorectal carcinomas and corresponding normal colonic mucosa, using reverse transcriptase followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This confirmed that there was abnormal assembly of several exons of the gene in cell lines and in tumor tissues from these organs. However, the most striking new finding was that intron 9 was present in RNA from 11 esophageal, 3 colon, and 1 breast carcinoma cell line, respectively. This was confirmed by RNase and DNase digestion analysis. Moreover, it was detected both in nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA fractions, indicating that abnormal splicing of pre-mRNA occurs in cancer cells. The abnormal retention of intron 9 in CD44 gene transcripts was also demonstrated in tumor tissues from 16 (80%) of 20 patients with colon carcinoma, but there was no correlation with Dukes' stage. The biological significance of these observations is not yet understood. However, it is clear that, as with the abnormal expression pattern of CD44 variant exons, intron 9 retention is a good-candidate molecular diagnostic tool for colorectal carcinomas.
Automatic Program Verification V: Verification-Oriented Proof Rules for Arrays, Records, and Pointers (1976)

A practical method is presented for automating in a uniform way the verification of Pascal programs that operate on the standard Pascal data structures ARRAY, RECORD, and POINTER. New assertion language primitives are introduced for describing computational effects of operations on these data structures. Axioms defining the semantics of the new primitives are given. Proof rules for standard Pascal operations on pointer variables are then defined in terms of the extended assertion language. Similar rules for records and arrays are special cases. An extensible axiomatic rule for the Pascal memory allocation operation, NEW, is also given. These rules have been implemented in the Stanford Pascal program verifier. Examples illustrating the verification of programs which operate on list structures implemented with pointers and records are discussed. These include programs with side-effects.
Mouse movements of motion-impaired users: a submovement analysis (2003)

Understanding human movement is key to improving input devices and interaction techniques. This paper presents a study of mouse movements of motion-impaired users, with an aim to gaining a better understanding of impaired movement. The cursor trajectories of six motion-impaired users and three able-bodied users are studied according to their submovement structure. Several aspects of the movement are studied, including the frequency and duration of pauses between submovements, verification times, the number of submovements, the peak speed of submovements and the accuracy of submovements in two-dimensions. Results include findings that some motion-impaired users pause more often and for longer than able-bodied users, require up to five times more submovements to complete the same task, and exhibit a correlation between error and peak submovement speed that does not exist for able-bodied users.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION AND THERMAL REARRANGEMENTS OF SOME DIMERS OF BUTADIENE AND PIPERYLENE. TESTS OF THE VALIDITY OF THERMOCHEMICAL‐KINETIC ARGUMENTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON BIRADICAL INTERMEDIATES (1976)

Abstract Beim Erhitzen dimerisieren sich die Butadiene (I) hauptsächlich zu den Cyclohexenen (II) sowie den Nebenprodukten (III) und (IV).
The Tactile Modality: A Review of Tactile Sensitivity and Human Tactile Interfaces (2007)

Even though vision is only one modality humans use to interact with their environment, most people consider it to be the most important. Hearing also is viewed as necessary for interpreting environmental stimuli. In contrast, touch, smell, and taste are largely ignored as being essential to humans' interaction with the environment. The brain seldom processes environmental information sequentially using successive sensory modalities; rather, it simultaneously processes stimuli from several or all of the sensory modalities. Because humans have a limited capacity to receive, hold in working memory, and cognitively process information taken from the environment, the use of one sensory modality to convey information within a system can overload that modality. Multimodal systems can help to alleviate overload for any one modality, and such systems have been favorable in showing that the touch or tactile modality can be used as an independent input modality to convey information to the user, or as a redundant modality to increase information prominence of the visual and auditory modalities. The purpose of this review, which reflects work that occurred before mid-2006, is to discuss the tactile modality, specifically measures of tactile sensitivity for the human body, capabilities and limitations of the tactile modality, and applications of human tactile interfaces. Compared to other areas of the body, tactile research for the head and interfaces for the head is sparse. Therefore, a secondary concern of this review is to highlight this gap in the tactile literature.
Beta-galactoside-binding protein (beta GBP) alters the cell cycle, up-regulates expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of the IFN-gamma receptor, and triggers IFN-gamma-mediated apoptosis of activated human T lymphocytes. (1998)

In this paper, the effects of beta-galactoside binding protein (beta GBP), the LGALS1 gene product, on the cell cycle progression and expansion of activated human T lymphocytes were studied. Beta GBP drastically inhibits the IL-2 induced proliferation of PHA-activated T lymphocytes as well as the IL-2 independent proliferation of malignant T lymphocytes by arresting them in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. In addition, beta GBP up-regulates the expression of both the alpha- and the beta-chains of the IFN-gamma R on activated T lymphocyte membrane. None of these effects depend on sugar binding: saturating amounts of lactose do not affect the cell cycle block nor IFN-gamma R up-modulation. The increased expression of both chains renders beta GBP-treated T lymphoblasts sensitive to IFN-y-induced apoptosis. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that beta GBP plays an important immunoregulatory role by switching off T lymphocyte effector functions. They also provide the first evidence of up-modulation of IFN-gamma R expression on T lymphocytes by a negative cell growth regulator.
Near-field imaging in the megahertz range by strongly coupled magnetoinductive surfaces: Experiment and <i>ab initio</i> analysis (2006)

In this work, the previously reported near-field imaging by two strongly coupled arrays of planar magnetic resonators is further studied. Experiments are performed to clarify the physical mechanisms underlying such an effect. The specific aim of these experiments is to clarify both the role played by magnetoinductive surface waves (MISWs) and the presence in the device of evanescent Fourier harmonics amplification. In addition to the experimental work, an ab initio theoretical analysis is developed to obtain a first approximation of the above effects. This model assumes that MISWs play the same role as plasmon-polaritons in negative refractive slabs, thus producing amplification of evanescent Fourier harmonics in the device. It also predicts that imaging occurs close to the resonators’ resonant frequency, between the passbands for the two MISW branches that can be excited in the lens. Both predictions from the theoretical model are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results. Quantitative agreement can also be obtained if some appropriate additional hypotheses, taking into account the discrete nature of the present device, are included in the model. The reported results suggest the possibility of using this kind of device for imaging in the megahertz range such as in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
Effects of Small-Scale Vertical Motion on Radar Measurements of Wind and Temperature Profiles (1992)

Vertical velocities were observed during the month of June 1990 with two side-by-side wind profilers at Platteville, Colorado. Many of the observations reveal strong wave motion, probably mountain lee waves, that sometimes caused vertical velocity changes of several meters per second in less than an hour. It is demonstrated that, under these conditions, hourly averages cannot always be used to accurately account for the effects of vertical motion on the profiler measurements. It is also shown that it is impossible to accurately remove the effects of vertical motion from the horizontal wind component estimates when the horizontal scale of vertical-motion variability is comparable to the horizontal separation distance between antenna beams. The Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) temperature measurements, however, are not affected by the small spatial scales because those measurements are made on the same vertical antenna beam as the vertical velocity measurements. Nevertheless, it is important that these temperature measurements be made simultaneously with vertical velocity measurements so that valid vertical velocity corrections can be made.
DHA does not protect ELOVL4 transgenic mice from retinal degeneration. (2009)

We found no evidence that high levels of DHA in retinal membranes protected photoreceptor cells expressing mutant ELOVL4 from retinal degeneration. We conclude that DHA is not beneficial for the treatment of retinal degeneration in this animal model of human STGD3 macular dystrophy.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping by Inversion of a Perturbation Field Model: Correlation With Brain Iron in Normal Aging (2014)

There is increasing evidence that iron deposition occurs in specific regions of the brain in normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's disease. Iron deposition changes the magnetic susceptibility of tissue, which alters the MR signal phase, and allows estimation of susceptibility differences using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). We present a method for quantifying susceptibility by inversion of a perturbation model, or "QSIP." The perturbation model relates phase to susceptibility using a kernel calculated in the spatial domain, in contrast to previous Fourier-based techniques. A tissue/air susceptibility atlas is used to estimate B0 inhomogeneity. QSIP estimates in young and elderly subjects are compared to postmortem iron estimates, maps of the Field-Dependent Relaxation Rate Increase, and the L1-QSM method. Results for both groups showed excellent agreement with published postmortem data and in vivo FDRI: statistically significant Spearman correlations ranging from Rho=0.905 to Rho=1.00 were obtained. QSIP also showed improvement over FDRI and L1-QSM: reduced variance in susceptibility estimates and statistically significant group differences were detected in striatal and brainstem nuclei, consistent with age-dependent iron accumulation in these regions.
Analysis of Genomic G + C Content, Codon Usage, Initiator Codon Context and Translation Termination Sites In <i>Tetrahymena Thermophila</i> (1999)

In recent years, the amount of molecular sequencing data from Tetrahymena thermophila has dramatically increased. We analyzed G + C content, codon usage, initiator codon context and stop codon sites in the extremely A + T rich genome of this ciliate. Average G + C content was 38% for protein coding regions, 21% for 5' non-coding sequences, 19% for 3' non-coding sequences, 15% for introns, 19% for micronuclear limited sequences and 17% for macronuclear retained sequences flanking micronuclear specific regions. The 75 available T. thermophila protein coding sequences favored codons ending in T and, where possible, avoided those with G in the third position. Highly expressed genes were relatively G + C-rich and exhibited an extremely biased pattern of codon usage while developmentally regulated genes were more A + T-rich and showed less codon usage bias. Regions immediately preceding Tetrahymena translation initiator codons were generally A-rich. For the 60 stop codons examined, the frequency of G in the end + 1 site was much higher than expected whereas C never occupied this position.
Histopathologic grading of medulloblastomas (2002)

Moderate anaplasia and severe anaplasia were associated with aggressive clinical behavior in patients with medulloblastomas and were detected in a significant number of specimens (24%). Pathologic grading of medulloblastomas with respect to anaplasia may be of clinical utility.
Contrast and Color Uniformity Optimization of an LCD PI Cell Pixel (1995)

Abstract A recently developed numerical optimization procedure for liquid crystal displays, combining an accurate model of optical performance with a flexible and efficient parameter search algorithm via the maximization of a performance metric, is applied to a Pi (or bend) liquid crystal cell with uniaxial and negative birefringent compensation layers. Optimization is performed with respect to off axis contrast and white state color uniformity.
Linearization of rotations for globally consistent n-scan matching (2010)

The ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm is the de facto standard for geometric alignment of three-dimensional models when an initial relative pose estimate is available. The basis of the algorithm is the minimization of an error function that takes point correspondences into account. While four closed-form solution methods are known for minimizing this function, linearization seems necessary for solving the global scan registration problem. This paper presents such linear solutions for registering n-scans in a global and simultaneous fashion. It studies parameterizations for the rigid body transformations of the n-scan registration problem.
On generality of the data plane and scalability of the control plane in software-defined networking (2014)

The control and data planes are decoupled in software-defined networking (SDN), which enables both planes to evolve independently, and brings about many advantages such as high flexibility, programmability, and rapid implementation of new network protocols. However, in order to improve the scalability of the control plane at present, some control functionalities are added to the data plane, which is probably to impact on the generality of the data plane. The key challenge of adding control functionalities to the data plane is to strike a careful balance between the generality of the data plane and the scalability of the control plane. We propose some basic principles that both control and data planes should comply with, based on the evolutionary trend of SDN. Moreover, we take two approaches for reference according to the principles, viewed from the control messages in OpenFlow-based SDN. Our evaluations demonstrate that the approaches can maintain the generality of the data plane and improve the scalability of the control plane.
Real-time detection of line segments on FPGA (2010)

In this paper, we propose an approach for detecting line segments in real-time by merging fixed-size short line segments. In many hardware systems, a Hough Transform has been used for detecting line segments. The Hough Transform is robust to noises, but it requires large memory space, and more space is required for images with higher resolution. Line detection is a primitive task which is frequently used for higher-level image processing. Therefore, it is important to detect the line segments using a small circuit with less on-chip memory. Our circuit based on the merging of fixed-size short line segments is small (9.2K LUTs), and uses only 6 block RAMs. Its performance is 200 fps for 640 × 480 pixel images.