gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroplated solder joints for flip-chip applications (1991)

A step-by-step description of a solder electroplating process for flip-chip applications is provided. The necessity of phasing Cr and Cu in the under-bump metallurgy (UBM), which also functions as the current path during plating, is verified by a scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) study of the intermetallics in the reflowed solder joints. Characteristics of the SnPb solder plating bath are presented, and key issues on designing and operating manufacture scale cells are identified. Mathematical modeling of the plating process confirms the capability of the plating process to produce solder bumps of uniform volume and solder composition. Feasibility of the electroplated solder bumping process is demonstrated on dice with an area array of pads of a approximately 0.005-in diameter on a 0.010-in pitch. Data on preliminary mechanical testing conducting to evaluate the integrity of the solder joints are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GeoChat on iPhone : A Map-based Chat Application on iPhone (2010)

Mobile applications, which have been widely used, are influencing our daily lives more and more deeply. A considerable number of advanced technologies and innovative experiments are being undertaken by developers in order to bring more convenience and enjoyment to people. One of the hot investigations in mobile applications is map based services for smart phones. This thesis will address the implementation of a map-based chat application for iPhone subscribers named GeoChat, which has been previously developed using Java ME. As implied by the name, a user can search and join chat rooms on geographical locations, and talk with the others who are interested in this location too. A user is also allowed to create chat rooms and propose topics for the places according to his or her preferences. Since the development of iPhone application is not as fledged as that of Java ME, a comparison between the development processes of iPhone SDK and Java ME will be presented after introducing the implementation procedure of GeoChat on iPhone, through which we can learn advantages from these two development platforms and achieve more with less effort in the future.
PolySearch: a web-based text mining system for extracting relationships between human diseases, genes, mutations, drugs and metabolites (2008)

A particular challenge in biomedical text mining is to find ways of handling 'comprehensive' or 'associative' queries such as 'Find all genes associated with breast cancer'. Given that many queries in genomics, proteomics or metabolomics involve these kind of comprehensive searches we believe that a web-based tool that could support these searches would be quite useful. In response to this need, we have developed the PolySearch web server. PolySearch supports >50 different classes of queries against nearly a dozen different types of text, scientific abstract or bioinformatic databases. The typical query supported by PolySearch is 'Given X, find all Y's' where X or Y can be diseases, tissues, cell compartments, gene/protein names, SNPs, mutations, drugs and metabolites. PolySearch also exploits a variety of techniques in text mining and information retrieval to identify, highlight and rank informative abstracts, paragraphs or sentences. PolySearch's performance has been assessed in tasks such as gene synonym identification, protein-protein interaction identification and disease gene identification using a variety of manually assembled 'gold standard' text corpuses. Its f-measure on these tasks is 88, 81 and 79%, respectively. These values are between 5 and 50% better than other published tools. The server is freely available at http://wishart.biology.ualberta.ca/polysearch.
New Organic And Organometallic Salts For Second-Order Nonlinear Optics (1990)

A series of organometallic and organic salts, in which the cation has been designed to have a large molecular hyperpolarizability, has been prepared. Variation of the counterion (anion) in many cases leads to materials with large powder second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiencies, the highest of which is roughly 2000 times that of a urea reference.
Rate-adaptive BCH codes for distributed source coding (2013)

This paper considers Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for distributed source coding. A feedback channel is employed to adapt the rate of the code during the decoding process. The focus is on codes with short block lengths for independently coding a binary source X and decoding it given its correlated side information Y. The proposed codes have been analyzed in a high-correlation scenario, where the marginal probability of each symbol, X i in X, given Y is highly skewed (unbalanced). Rate-adaptive BCH codes are presented and applied to distributed source coding. Adaptive and fixed checking strategies for improving the reliability of the decoded result are analyzed, and methods for estimating the performance are proposed. In the analysis, noiseless feedback and noiseless communication are assumed. Simulation results show that rate-adaptive BCH codes achieve better performance than low-density parity-check accumulate (LDPCA) codes in the cases studied.
Reproducing context-sensitive crashes of mobile apps using crowdsourced monitoring (2016)

While the number of mobile apps published by app stores keeps on increasing, the quality of these apps varies widely. Unfortunately, for many apps, end-users continue experiencing bugs and crashes once installed on their mobile device. Crashes are annoying for end-users, but they definitely are for app developers who need to reproduce the crashes as fast as possible before finding the root cause of the reported issues. Given the heterogeneity in hardware, mobile platform releases, and types of users, the reproduction step currently is one of the major challenges for app developers. This paper introduces MoTiF, a crowdsourced approach to support app developers in automatically reproducing context-sensitive crashes faced by end-users in the wild. In particular, by analyzing recurrent patterns in crash data, the shortest sequence of events reproducing a crash is derived, and turned into a test suite. We evaluate MoTiF on concrete crashes that were crowdsourced or randomly generated on 5 Android apps, showing that MoTiF can reproduce existing crashes effectively.
Glypican 5 is an interferon-beta response gene: a replication study (2009)

We confirm the association of polymorphisms within GPC5 with response to interferon-beta therapy in patients with MS.
Time- and space-resolved dynamic studies on ceramic and cementitious materials (2000)

A review is given of the results and lessons arising from a sustained in situ diffraction study of the structure and performance of functional ceramic/cementitious materials in which synchrotron-based energy-dispersive diffraction has been the central under-pinning technique. Five particular points of discussion emerge: the demands on time resolution; the use of penetrating radiation for the in situ mode; the need for complementary techniques; re-analysing of data; spatially resolved diffraction: a new tomography. These aspects are discussed in turn using illustrative examples taken from the fields of cement hydration, clay intercalation, cation-exchanged zeolites, and particulate/fluid invasion into building and archaeological objects.
Hepcidin – central regulator of iron metabolism (2006)

The knowledge about mammalian iron metabolism has advanced dramatically over the past decades. Studies of genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology allowed us the identification and characterization of many of the molecules involved in regulation of iron homeostasis. Important progresses were made after the discovery in 2000 of a small peptide--hepcidin--that has been proved to play a central role in orchestration on iron metabolism also providing a link between iron metabolism and inflammation and innate immunity. Hepcidin directly interacts with ferroportin (FPN), the only known mammalian iron exporter, which is expressed by enterocytes, macrophages and hepatocytes. The direct hepcidin-FPN interaction allows an adaptative response from the body in situations that alter normal iron homeostasis (hypoxia, anemia, iron deficiency, iron overload, and inflammation).
A Continuous Flow Input Function Detector for H2 15O Blood Flow Studies in Positron Emission Tomography (1986)

A plastic scintillator detection system has been developed for the measurement of arterial blood H2 15O concentrations in positron emission tomographic (PET) local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) studies. The system uses a peristaltic pump to continually pull arterial blood from a radial artery through the plastic scintillator for the detection of the oxygen-15 positrons. To correct for the smearing of the arterial blood curve shape due to laminar flow in the pump tubing, a deconvolution technique has been developed.
Cupric Acetate Catalyzed Monocyanoethylation of Aromatic Amines (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCupric Acetate Catalyzed Monocyanoethylation of Aromatic AminesS. ALLEN HEININGERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 10, 1213–1217Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01361a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01361a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion with Essential Oils in Chitosan Films (2014)

Chitosan films incorporated with various concentrations of the complex of β-cyclodextrin and essential oils (β-CD/EO) were prepared and investigated for antimicrobial, mechanical, and physical properties. Four bacterial strains that commonly contaminate food products were chosen as target bacteria to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the prepared films. The incorporation of β-CD/EO significantly increased the antimicrobial activities of the chitosan films against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. It was also found that tensile strength (TS) of chitosan film was significantly increased with the incorporation of the β-cyclodextrin and 0.75% essential oils complex. The elongation at break (EB) decreased with the increasing concentrations of essential oils. Inclusion of the complex of β-cyclodextrin and 0.25% essential oils also significantly decreased water vapor permeability (WVP) of chitosan films. Our results suggest that chitosan films containing β-CD/EO could be used as active food-packaging material.
CTMC: Cell Tracking with Mitosis Detection Dataset Challenge (2020)

While significant developments have been made in cell tracking algorithms, current datasets are still limited in size and diversity, especially for data-hungry generalized deep learning models. We introduce a new larger and more diverse cell tracking dataset in terms of number of sequences, length of sequences, and cell lines, accompanied with a public evaluation server and leaderboard to accelerate progress on this new challenging dataset. Our benchmarking of four top performing tracking algorithms highlights new challenges and opportunities to improve the state-of-the-art in cell tracking.
The structure-hemolysis relationship of oleanolic acid derivatives and inhibition of the saponin-induced hemolysis with sapogenins. (1981)

Chikusetsusaponin IV and V, whose genin is oleanolic acid, exhibited weak hemolytic activities. Removal of glucose residue at position 29 of chikusetsusaponin V by partial hydrolysis increased the activity more than 30-fold. Methylation of the carboxyl group at position 28 increased the activity furthermore by about 10-fold, showing HD50 value of 3.77 microM. On the other hand, removal of the sugar chain at position 3 of chickusetsusaponin V by partial hydrolysis completely lost the activity. These facts suggest that the sugar chain at position 3 of oleanolic acid is essential but that at position 29 is pernicious for the activity. The cytolytic agents, whose target has been regarded as membrane cholesterol, were inactivated not only by cholesterol but also by sapogenins such as oleanolic acid, gitogenin and hederagenin. Among saponins tested, akebia saponin B and C were inactivated by cholesterol, but not by the genins, probably because their affinities for the genins are too low to form complexes.
Enantiomerically Pure Highly Functionalized α-Amino Ketones from the Reaction of Chiral Cyclic <i>N</i>-(9-Phenylfluoren-9-yl) α-Amido Esters with Organolithium Reagents (1997)

The reaction of methyl N-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)pyroglutamate with several organolithium reagents afforded the corresponding ketones in excellent yields and with complete retention of enantiomeric purity. The success of this transformation is due to the unusual stability of the tetrahedral intermediates 5, which stems from two factors: the electron-withdrawing effect of the amide nitrogen and the lithium complexing ability of the fluorenyl ring of the 9-phenylfluoren-9-yl group. This ester-to-ketone transformation was also successfully applied to oxazolidinone 9 and imidazolidinone 20 and provided a ketone (21b) that was ultimately transformed into the urea-lactam 26 which incorporates the bicyclic core of streptolidine lactam, a component of the streptrothricin antibiotics.
Le roman en France en 1789 (1988)

. Long novels, popular as they were in 1789, did not portray a precise revolutionary reality. The most striking novel of 1789, Lavallée's Le Nègre comme il y a peu de blancs is an effective example of political propaganda in fiction. It is analysed here in relation to the political pamphlets of the period which dealt specifically with the slave trade. Many short political pamphlets used fictional allegorical forms. Three are studied here : Le Royaume de Naudelit ; Le Rêve philosophique de Bryltophend ; and Une nuit de Babylone. Using allegorical veils, these works offer transpositions of the revolutionary reality but tend, as do the majority of short contemporary fictional works, to favour a conservative view.
Slot-Beam Digital Mammography Using A Time-Delay Integration (TDI) CCD (1989)

We have developed an experimental digital mammography system which incorporates a beryllium-window x-ray image intensifier (XRII), allowing efficient detection of low-energy diagnostic x rays. The optical image produced by the XRII is recorded by a low-noise charge-coupled device (CCD) operating in the time-delay integration (TDI) mode. Images are obtained by translating a 7 mm x 15 cm slot of radiation across the breast and integrating the signal over 96 image lines. By using a 7 mm slot-beam, we are able to obtain a scatter-to-primary photon fluence ratio of 0.1 for a 4 cm compressed breast. At the same time, the TDI approach results in more efficient usage of available x-ray fluence than a line-scan system, so that imaging times of about 4 seconds are possible. Detector noise is minimized by cooling the CCD to about 5° C. We report on measurements of physical parameters such as modulation transfer function, noise power spectrum and detective quantum efficiency. Our results are compared with equivalent measurements on screen-film systems. Although high-contrast spatial resolution with our digital system is currently limited to 4 mm-1, the improved signal-to-noise ratio allows better low-contrast detectability than screen-film systems.
Identification of cDNA-RFLP markers and their use for molecular mapping in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) (2008)

Abstract. Restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) probes derived from complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were developed for oil palm genome analysis. A total of 321 cDNA-RFLP probes were evaluated for their ability to detect polymorphism in a mapping family derived from the selfing of a Tenera guineensis palm (palm T128). Approximately 38 % (123 probes) revealed polymorphism with at least one restriction enzyme. All the 123 informative probes were used to genotype the mapping family. Majority of the markers (80%) showed expected segregation ratios, indicating that most of the RFLP markers were inherited in a Mendelian manner. A total of 116 segregating markers were assigned to 20 linkage groups spanning 693cM. The RFLP markers were found to be largely well distributed and did not show excessive clustering in any particular region. This is the first published map for oil palm containing gene specific markers. The cDNA-RFLP probes mapped will not be merely anonymous markers with symbols, but point to the actual location of specific genes. The map also proved useful in revealing QTL associated with oil to wet mesocarp (O/WM) content.
Instrumental Techniques to Quantify Textural Change in Carpet Part II: Goniophotometry (1988)

Further work on carpet appearance change is reported, focusing on new textural measurements of carpet pile. These techniques have included image analysis, goniophotometry, and densitometry. A set of specially prepared saxony-type polyester carpet constructions were tested, both as unworn controls and service-worn to 60,000 steps of foot traffic. In Part II of this series, the results of goniophotometry, i.e. variable angle reflectometry, are reported. Techniques are presented to generate goniophotometric reflectance curves, which can be analyzed for directional pile lay in carpet. These techniques appear promising in characterizing certain changes in pile shading and wear patterns, both in unworn and service-worn carpet.
The immune status of Kupffer cells profoundly influences their responses to infectiousPlasmodium berghei sporozoites (2005)

Multi-factorial immune mechanisms underlie protection induced with radiation-attenuated Plasmodia sporozoites (gamma-spz). Spz pass through Kupffer cells (KC) before invading hepatocytes but the involvement of KC in protection is poorly understood. In this study we investigated whether gamma-spz-immune KC respond to infectious spz in a manner that is distinct from the response of naive KC to infectious spz. KC were isolated from (1) naive, (2) spz-infected, (3) gamma-spz-immune, and (4) gamma-spz-immune-challenged C57BL/6 mice and examined for the expression of MHC class I and II, CD40 and CD80/CD86, IL-10 and IL-12 responses and antigen-presenting cell (APC) function. KC from gamma-spz-immune-challenged mice up-regulated class I and costimulatory molecules and produced elevated IL-12p40, relative to naive KC. In contrast, KC from naive mice exposed to infectious spz down-modulated class I and IL-12p40 was undetectable. Accordingly, KC from spz-infected mice had reduced APC function, while KC from gamma-spz-immune-challenged mice exhibited augmented APC activity. The nearly opposite responses are consistent with the fact that spz challenge of gamma-spz-immune mice results in long-lasting sterile protection, while infection of naive mice always results in malaria.
Quantitative Studies of the Effects of Nitrogen Mustard Analogs and Other Alkylating Agents on Ascites Tumors in Mice (1960)

Abstract Quantitative results are recorded of the influence of 140 compounds on the survival times of mice bearing three different types of ascites tumors. The majority of the compounds were new analogs of nitrogen mustard, 60 of which were synthesized at this Institute. These products were compared under standardized experimental conditions with several varieties of alkylating agents obtained from outside sources in order to develop a useful base for judging relative antitumor activities. Many interesting structure-activity relationships among molar activities, dosage ranges, and effectiveness against tumors were discovered. Most of the quinoline and acridine analogs (the so-called antimalarial-type nitrogen mustards) were extremely active from the standpoint of the low molar dosage requirement for the demonstration of a superior degree of antitumor effectiveness in this test. A few compounds displayed a somewhat better dosage range ratio than nitrogen mustard itself. Although almost all of the modifications in the carrier component permitted the retention of uniformly high antitumor activity, there were wide variations in molar dosage requirements; certain structural alterations, however, caused complete loss of biological alkylating ability.
Failure of Composite Laminates Containing Pin Loaded Holes—Method of Solution (1984)

A method is presented for predicting the failure strength and the failure mode of fiber reinforced composite laminates containing one or two pin loaded holes. The method involves two steps. First, the stress distribution in the laminate is calculated by the use of a finite element method. Second, the failure load and failure mode are predicted by means of a proposed failure hypothesis together with the Yamada-Sun failure criterion. A computer code was developed which can be used to calculate the maximum load and the mode of failure of laminates with different ply orientations, different material properties, and different geometries. Tests were also conducted measuring the failure strengths and failure modes of Fiberite T300/1034-C laminates containing a pin-loaded hole or two pin-loaded holes in parallel or in series. Com parisons were made between the data and the results of the model. Good agreement was found between the analytical and the experimental results.
Using a Microprocessor-Based Instrument to Predict the Incident Energy From Arc-Flash Hazards (2004)

With better understanding of arc flashes, the electrical safety industry continues to develop new safety procedures for electrical workspaces. To assess the potential arc hazards of a workspace, workers must rely on engineering fault studies to provide vital fault-current data. An instrument, based on a network impedance analyzer, determines the maximum flash-arc incident-energy exposure at a worksite within a few seconds. The digital analyzer measures the power system source impedance, X/R ratio, and the system voltage to predict the bolted fault current and incident energy, while the power distribution system is energized and in normal operation. The instrument computes the incident energy for standard electrical workspaces of an open-air arc and an enclosed box with one open side. Experiments have been conducted to verify the accuracy of the impedance and X/R ratio measurements.