gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A reactive implementation of the Tau protocol composition mechanism (2002)

Tau is a framework for end-to-end communication services. Tau supports the nonlayered composition of protocol functions. A key part of the Tau framework is a generic protocol interface, which hides from protocol functions the details of other protocol functions with which they are composed. Structuring this generic protocol interface is an interesting and challenging design question. The paper presents an overview of the design goals and pieces of the Tau framework, and argues that a reactive programming model offers advantages for both reasoning about and implementing the generic protocol interface. The authors also describe their experience in composing protocol functions using a reactive model to implement the NETBLT bulk-data transfer protocol.
Use of Wavelet Bicoherence in Analyzing Nonlinear Wind–Wave Interaction during Wave Growth (2007)

This study investigates the nonlinear wind–wave interaction that occurs during wave growth. Wavelet bicoherence is used in analyzing the detailed phase coupling and nonlinear interaction between wind speed and wave height considering both the sum and difference rules between different frequencies to give the full picture of nonlinear wind–wave interaction.The results show that the phase coupling and nonlinear wind–wave interaction in the case of considering the sum rule of the frequencies is different from the case of considering the difference rule of frequencies. This consequently emphasizes the importance of considering both rules in analyzing the phase coupling between wind speed and wave height during wave growth.
PYROLYSIS OF WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT: EFFECT OF ANTINOMY TRIOXIDE ON THE PYROLYSIS OF STYRENIC POLYMERS (2007)

This work has investigated the effect that antimony trioxide has on the pyrolysis of styrenic polymers and the effect that different types of brominated flame retardants used in plastics have on the composition of the pyrolysis products. Brominated high impact polystyrene (Br-HIPS) which contained either 5% or 0% antimony trioxide and either decabromodiphenyl oxide (DDO) or decabromodiphenyl ethane (DDE) was pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at 430 degrees C. Some experiments on the fixed bed reactor involved mixing the Br-HIPS with polystyrene. The gaseous products were analysed by GC-FID and GC-TCD and it was found that antimony trioxide caused an increase in the proportion of ethane and ethene and suppressed the proportion of butane and butene. When DDE was the flame retardant increased proportions of ethane and ethene were found in the pyrolysis gas compared to when DDO used. When polystyrene was mixed with the Br-HIPS it suppressed the trends observed in the gas composition during the pyrolysis of Br-HIPS. The pyrolysis oils were characterised using FT-IR, GC-MS, GC-FID, and GC-ECD. It was found that the plastic which did not contain antimony trioxide pyrolysed to form mainly toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, cumene, and alpha-methylstyrene. The oils produced from the pyrolysis of the plastic that contained antimony trioxide did not contain any styrene or alpha-methylstyrene, but instead contained greater concentrations of ethylbenzene and cumene. The absence of styrene and alpha-methylstyrene from the pyrolysis oil occurred even when the Br-HIPS was mixed with polystyrene. GC-ECD analysis of the oils showed that the plastics which did not contain antimony trioxide pyrolysed to form (1-bromoethyl)benzene, which was totally absent from the pyrolysis oils when antimony trioxide was present in the plastic.
Multiphase flow regime identification by multibeam gamma-ray densitometry (2002)

Multibeam gamma-ray densitometry can be applied to identify flow regimes in hydrocarbon multiphase oil, water and gas pipe flows. The acquired flow regime information can be used for improved measurement accuracy on gas volume fractions, and as complementary information for other types of flow instrumentation, in order to enhance their accuracy. The work presented in this paper includes both theoretical calculations and experimental work on three-phase flow using multibeam gamma-ray densitometry. It is demonstrated that a fan beam geometry with one radiation source and several collimated detectors is sufficient to provide information on the liquid-gas distribution of the pipe flow. In order to perform testing on deviated multiphase oil, water and gas flows, a special tilt section was designed and built. Several different flow regimes were successfully identified from the acquired experimental measurement data. The work presented in this paper was conducted as a part of a project aiming to develop technology for improved multiphase hydrocarbon metering, along with joint project partners Roxar Flow Measurements AS and Christian Michelsen Research AS.
Cell metabolism affects the density of β‐adrenergic receptors in intact rat reticulocytes (1980)

Membrane receptors mediating the cellular effects of fi-adrenergic compounds can be identified by studying stereoselective binding of radioactively labelled specific ligands. Such P-adrenoceptors have been identified in a large variety of different cells and tissues, among them nucleated avian red cells and mamma~an reticulocytes [ I-41. Most authors have studied the properties of @-adrenoceptors in isolated membrane preparations rather than in intact cells in order to reduce possible interference from nonspecific cellular uptake and binding processes. However, the few reports on P-adrenergic binding in intact cells [5-S] have tended to confirm the results obtained with membrane particles. We have used intact rat reticulocytes to study possible regulatory effects of cell metabolism on &adrenoceptor binding. Stereospecific binding of the /3-adrenergic antagonist (-) L3H] d~ydroalprenolol (DHAP) and its competitive displacement of unlabelled fl-adrenergic agonists and antagonists was measured under conditions which cannot be mimicked in membrane fragments. We report that the number of fl-adrenoceptors decreases considerably during metabolic inhibition. This finding ch~lenges the assumption that regulatory changes in P-receptor densities of intact cells are faithfully reflected in the data derived from binding studies in fragmented membrane preparations.
Robust Face Recognition Using Aam And Gabor Features (2007)

In this paper, we propose a face recognition algorithm using AAM and Gabor features. Gabor feature vectors which are well known to be robust with respect to small variations of shape, scaling, rotation, distortion, illumination and poses in images are popularly employed for feature vectors for many object detection and recognition algorithms. EBGM, which is prominent among face recognition algorithms employing Gabor feature vectors, requires localization of facial feature points where Gabor feature vectors are extracted. However, localization method employed in EBGM is based on Gabor jet similarity and is sensitive to initial values. Wrong localization of facial feature points affects face recognition rate. AAM is known to be successfully applied to localization of facial feature points. In this paper, we devise a facial feature point localization method which first roughly estimate facial feature points using AAM and refine facial feature points using Gabor jet similarity-based facial feature localization method with initial points set by the rough facial feature points obtained from AAM, and propose a face recognition algorithm using the devised localization method for facial feature localization and Gabor feature vectors. It is observed through experiments that such a cascaded localization method based on both AAM and Gabor jet similarity is more robust than the localization method based on only Gabor jet similarity. Also, it is shown that the proposed face recognition algorithm using this devised localization method and Gabor feature vectors performs better than the conventional face recognition algorithm using Gabor jet similarity-based localization method and Gabor feature vectors like EBGM.
Implicit enumeration techniques applied to asynchronous circuit verification (2002)

The authors address the problem of verifying that the gate-level implementation of an asynchronous circuit, with given or extracted bounds on wire and gate delays, is equivalent to a specification of the asynchronous circuit behavior described as a classical flow table. They give a procedure to extract the complete set of possible flow tables from a gate-level description of an asynchronous circuit under the bounded wire delay model. Given an extracted flow table and the initial flow table specification, procedures are outlined to construct a product flow table to check for machine equivalence. Assuming discretized gate delays, it is shown that implicit enumeration techniques based on binary decision diagram representations can be used to efficiently verify asynchronous circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Free-standing nanocomposites with high conductivity and extensibility (2013)

The prospect of electronic circuits that are stretchable and bendable promises tantalizing applications such as skin-like electronics, roll-up displays, conformable sensors and actuators, and lightweight solar cells. The preparation of highly conductive and highly extensible materials remains a challenge for mass production applications, such as free-standing films or printable composite inks. Here we present a nanocomposite material consisting of carbon nanotubes, ionic liquid, silver nanoparticles, and polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene having a high electrical conductivity of 3700 S cm(-1) that can be stretched to 288% without permanent damage. The material is prepared as a concentrated dispersion suitable for simple processing into free-standing films. For the unstrained state, the measured thermal conductivity for the electronically conducting elastomeric nanoparticle film is relatively high and shows a non-metallic temperature dependence consistent with phonon transport, while the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity is metallic. We connect an electric fan to a DC power supply using the films to demonstrate their utility as an elastomeric electronic interconnect. The huge strain sensitivity and the very low temperature coefficient of resistivity suggest their applicability as strain sensors, including those that operate directly to control motors and other devices.
A comparison of botanical and synthetic substances commonly used to prevent head lice (<i>Pediculus humanus</i> var. <i>capitis</i>) infestation (2007)

Neither DEET nor any of the botanicals tested showed sufficient preventative efficacy to be endorsed.
Nonrigid mammogram registration using mutual information (2002)

Of the papers dealing with the task of mammogram registration, the majority deal with the task by matching corresponding control-points derived from anatomical landmark points. One of the caveats encountered when using pure point-matching techniques is their reliance on accurately extracted anatomical features-points. This paper proposes an innovative approach to matching mammograms which combines the use of a similarity-measure and a point-based spatial transformation. Mutual information is a cost-function used to determine the degree of similarity between the two mammograms. An initial rigid registration is performed to remove global differences and bring the mammograms into approximate alignment. The mammograms are then subdivided into smaller regions and each of the corresponding subimages is matched independently using mutual information. The centroids of each of the matched subimages are then used as corresponding control-point pairs in association with the Thin-Plate Spline radial basis function. The resulting spatial transformation generates a nonrigid match of the mammograms. The technique is illustrated by matching mammograms from the MIAS mammogram database. An experimental comparison is made between mutual information incorporating purely rigid behavior, and that incorporating a more nonrigid behavior. The effectiveness of the registration process is evaluated using image differences.
<i>T</i><sub>2</sub>‐prepared SSFP improves diagnostic confidence in edema imaging in acute myocardial infarction compared to turbo spin echo (2007)

T2-weighted MRI of edema in acute myocardial infarction (MI) provides a means of differentiating acute and chronic MI, and assessing the area at risk of infarction. Conventional T2-weighted imaging of edema uses a turbo spin-echo (TSE) readout with dark-blood preparation. Clinical applications of dark-blood TSE methods can be limited by artifacts such as posterior wall signal loss due to through-plane motion, and bright subendocardial artifacts due to stagnant blood. Single-shot imaging with a T2-prepared SSFP readout provides an alternative to dark-blood TSE and may be conducted during free breathing. We hypothesized that T2-prepared SSFP would be a more reliable method than dark-blood TSE for imaging of edema in patients with MI. In patients with MI (22 acute and nine chronic MI cases), T2-weighted imaging with both methods was performed prior to contrast administration and delayed-enhancement imaging. The T2-weighted images using TSE were nondiagnostic in three of 31 cases, while six additional cases rated as being of diagnostic quality yielded incorrect diagnoses. In all 31 cases the T2-prepared SSFP images were rated as diagnostic quality, correctly differentiated acute or chronic MI, and correctly determined the coronary territory. Free-breathing T2 prepared SSFP provides T2-weighted images of acute MI with fewer artifacts and better diagnostic accuracy than conventional dark-blood TSE.
Broadcasting with digital audio (1996)

Digital audio broadcasting will come on-line worldwide in the next few years. The technology-also known as digital audio radio or digital sound broadcasting-promises to provide sound of compact-disk quality, nearly free from multipath distortion or other transmission interferences. And digital audio broadcasting (DAB) is not just for sound: all sorts of information, digitally encoded, will be transmitted. Testing is already under way around the world for systems that deliver DAB signals from satellites, from terrestrial systems using newly assigned spectral bands, and from in-band (that is, currently assigned) AM and FM systems. The author discusses spectra for DAB, perceptual coding, Europe's Eureka 147 system, and DAB research in Canada, the USA, and Japan.
Immunologic and physiologic responses of calves inoculated with potassium thiocyanate extract of Pasteurella multocida type A. (1978)

Inoculation of calves with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) extract of Pasteurella multocida type A in saline-tris buffer or in Freund's incomplete adjuvant or modified Freund's incomplete adjuvant resulted in the elicitation of agglutinating, hemagglutinating, bactericidal and homocytotropic antibodies. The antibody response was significantly (P = 0.05) higher in calves inoculated with the KSCN extract in either adjuvant than in those inoculated with the extract in saline-tris buffer. Hemagglutination also was observed if the KSCN extract of P hemolytica was used for sensitizing the tanned sheep red blood cells. Further, calf anti-P multocida extract antisera also was bactericidal to P hemolytica. The KSCN extract of P multocida was found to be nontoxic to calves at 2 doses tested, as judged by an evaluation of total and differential leukocyte counts, body temperature, and pulse rates at various intervals after inoculation.
Netvertising characteristics, challenges and opportunities: a research agenda (2004)

Netvertising, or "advertising on the internet", is attracting much attention from advertising and marketing researchers. However, surprisingly little is known about its new features as compared to other forms of advertising and the implications of the new medium for advertisers. Here, we focus on the following issues: the opportunities and challenges associated with internet advertising; the differences of netvertising from other forms of communication; banner ads – the most popular type of netvertising. Applying this framing perspective, we propose a research agenda for the study of netvertising.
BOOK REVIEW (1996)

Visual screening programme for preschool children EDrroR,-I welcome Williamson et al's recent article' and your editorial2 suggesting that school vision screening may be the optimum method of detecting amblyopia in children in some circumstances. I would support the view that a larger number of children could be screened. In Glasgow, in the north west area, covering approximately the same geographical area as that quoted in Williamson et al's study of preschool orthoptic screening, 95% of chil- dren enrolled in mainstream school in primary one were screened during the session 1994-5.
The Moi Formula for Improper Exponential Definite Integrals (1994)

A general formula is developed for solving a type of improper exponential definite integral of order n in the number plane. Termed the Moi Formula, it is shown to produce substantially simpler derivations of the finite moments of a probability distribution employed for assessing stochastic randomness, such as recently published by the authors. Other applications of the integral formula are discussed.
Effective targeted chemotherapy using AEZS-108 (AN-152) for LHRH receptor-positive pancreatic cancers (2011)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth commonest cause of cancer-related mortality across the world. Because of the poor response to conventional chemotherapy, small molecules, radiation therapy and surgery, development of new targeted therapies is necessary. In the present study, we have analyzed expression of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor in specimens of human pancreatic cancers. Furthermore, we have investigated in vitro and in vivo whether the cytotoxic LHRH agonist AEZS-108 (AN-152) induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells that express LHRH receptors. LHRH receptor expression in tumor specimens of human pancreatic cancers was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the alamar blue proliferation assay. Induction of apoptosis was analyzed using the TUNEL assay and quantified by measurement of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In vivo experiments were performed using nude mice bearing xenografted human pancreatic tumors. Thirteen of 40 human pancreatic adenocarcinomas (32.5%) expressed LHRH receptors. We were able to show that treatment of LHRH receptor-positive MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 human pancreatic cancer cells with AEZS-108 (AN-152) resulted in apoptotic cell death in vitro. The antitumor effects could be confirmed in nude mice. AEZS-108 (AN-152) inhibited the growth of xenotransplants of human pancreatic cancers in nude mice significantly, without any apparent side effects. The cytotoxic LHRH agonist AEZS-108 (AN-152) seems to be a suitable drug for treatment of LHRH receptor-positive human pancreatic cancers with little toxicity.
Thermophilic semi‐dry anaerobic digestion process of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste during transient conditions (1994)

Abstract The ability to manage a biological process is linked not only to the knowledge of performance in stationary conditions. Accordingly, here, the behaviour of an anaerobic digester during transition states is reported and discussed. The paper deals with the anaerobic digestion of the mechanically sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste under thermophilic (55°C)semi‐dry conditions (digester feed total solids=20–25%). The complete experimentation simulates a progressive increase of process capacity through variation of the operative conditions applied. In particular, changes of organic loading rate (OLR) from 4 to 8 KgTVSf (m‐3d‐1), hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 1 to 3 days, T°C up to 10°C and digester feed total solids (TS feed) from 20 to 100 g Kg‐1 are considered. Perturbations during stationary conditions are also discussed. After a complete monitoring of the digester it is concluded that thermophilic semi‐dry anaerobic digestion is a robust process, able to cope with the mentioned variations. After transient, new stationary conditions are reached very fast, generally within a week.
Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases leads to lethality in transgenic <i>Xenopus laevis</i>: Implications for tissue‐dependent functions of matrix metalloproteinases during late embryonic development (2001)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) functions as the structural support of cells and as a medium for cell-cell interactions. It is understood to play critical roles in development. ECM remodeling is mediated largely through the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of Zn2+-dependent proteases capable of degrading various proteinaceous components of the ECM. MMPs are expressed in many developmental and pathologic processes. However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the function of MMPs during embryogenesis and postembryonic organogenesis. By using Xenopus development as a model system, we have previously shown that several MMP genes are expressed from neurulation to the completion of embryogenesis in distinct tissues/organs, suggesting that ECM remodeling during mid- to late embryogenesis occurs in an organ-specific manner. By using the recently developed transgenic technology for Xenopus laevis, we overexpressed Xenopus MMPs stromelysin-3 (ST3) and collagenase-4 (Col4) under the control of a ubiquitous promoter and observed that embryos with overexpressed ST3 or Col4, but not the control green fluorescent protein (GFP), died in a dose-dependent manner during late embryogenesis. The specificity of this embryonic lethal phenotype was confirmed by the failure of a catalytically inactive mutant of ST3 to affect development. Finally, overexpression of a mammalian membrane type-MMP also led to late embryonic lethality in Xenopus embryos, suggesting that membrane type-MMPs have functions in vivo for ECM remodeling, in addition to being activators of other pro-MMPs. These data together with the developmental expression of several MMPs during Xenopus development, suggest that MMPs play important roles during mid- to late embryogenesis and that proper regulation of MMP genes is critical for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis.
3D spiral cardiac/respiratory ordered fMRI data acquisition at 3 Tesla (1999)

Three-dimensional (3D), multi-shot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisitions are desirable because of higher resolution and reduced susceptibility artifacts, due to shorter readouts and thinner slices. However, 3D multi-shot techniques are more susceptible to physiological noise, which can increase inter-image variance and lead to inaccurate assessment of activation. This work presents a 3D spiral fMRI data acquisition method at 3 T in which the acquisition of views was ordered to match the phase of either the respiratory or the cardiac cycle. For the acquisition timing parameters used in this work, cardiac ordering was found to reduce inter-image variance by 19%. Cardiac ordered data acquisitions showed the same reduction in variance as sequentially ordered data with cardiac contributions estimated and removed using an externally acquired reference prior to reconstruction. Respiratory ordering showed no reduction in fluctuation noise due to poor alignment of views to the respiratory phase.