gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curie transition of superparamagnetic nickel nanoparticles in silica glass: A phase transition in a finite size system (2005)

Magnetization of Ni nanoparticles (mean diameter of $\ensuremath{\sim}3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$) in silica glass $(\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2})$ has been studied up to $\ensuremath{\sim}375\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, in comparison with that of Ni film (thickness of $\ensuremath{\sim}120\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$). At room temperature, the nanoparticles (NPs) show a Langevin loop without hysteresis which is characteristic in superparamagnetic NPs. The saturation magnetization of the NPs decreases more steeply than the bulk with increasing temperature. However, a certain amount of magnetization remains in the NPs, even above the bulk Curie temperature. Quantum Monte-Carlo simulation was carried out using an Ising spin model on the fcc lattice of $L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L$ ($L=3$ to 38). The experimental results are qualitatively reproduced with the model; i.e., the steep decrease of the saturation magnetization with increasing temperature and the residual magnetization above the bulk Curie temperature are both ascribed to the finite size effects.
Mitochondria-Associated Hexokinases Play a Role in the Control of Programmed Cell Death in<i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>  (2006)

Recent findings suggest a pivotal role for mitochondria-associated hexokinase in the regulation of apoptosis in animal cells. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of a hexokinase-encoding Hxk1 caused necrotic lesions on leaves, abnormal leaf morphology, and retarded plant growth in Nicotiana benthamiana. Hxk1 was associated with the mitochondria, and this association required the N-terminal membrane anchor. VIGS of Hxk1 reduced the cellular glucose-phosphorylating activity to approximately 31% of control levels without changing the fructose-phosphorylating activity and did not alter hexose phosphate content severely. The affected cells showed programmed cell death (PCD) morphological markers, including nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Similar to animal cell apoptosis, cytochrome c was released into the cytosol and caspase-9- and caspase-3-like proteolytic activities were strongly induced. Furthermore, based on flow cytometry, Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing Arabidopsis HXK1 and HXK2, both of which are predominantly associated with mitochondria, exhibited enhanced resistance to H(2)O(2)- and alpha-picolinic acid-induced PCD. Finally, the addition of recombinant Hxk1 to mitochondria-enriched fractions prevented H(2)O(2)/clotrimazole-induced cytochrome c release and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Together, these results show that hexokinase critically regulates the execution of PCD in plant cells, suggesting a link between glucose metabolism and apoptosis.
The fine structure of normal lymphocyte subpopulations--a study with monoclonal antibodies and the immunogold technique. (1982)

The ultrastructural characteristics of normal lymphocyte subpopulations, identified by monoclonal antibodies and visualized by a colloidal gold labelled anti-mouse IgG were analysed. Our study demonstrates: (1) the major T lymphocyte subsets (OKT4+ and OKT8+) have distinct ultrastructural morphology. The majority of OKT4+ cells have a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (N/C) and few cytoplasmic organelles whilst most OKT8+ cells have a low N/C ratio and numerous organelles, namely a well developed Golgi apparatus, lysosomal granules and parallel tubular arrays (PTA); (2) a unique subtype with irregular nuclear outline that resembles Sézary cells was seen in 5-10% of OKT4+ lymphocytes; (3) OKM1, a reagent that reacts with monocytes and granulocytes, is positive in a small lymphocyte subset which appears to be negative with the OKT reagents and is morphologically identical to OKT8+ cells; (4) 'hand-mirror' cells were only seen labelled with OKT8 and OKM1; (5) B lymphocytes labelled with FMC4 (anti-IA) could be distinguished from OKT3+ lymphocytes by having numerous profiles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ribosomes; these were particularly prominent in lymphoplasmacytoid cells. Morphological similarities between normal T lymphocyte subsets and T neoplasias of the same membrane phenotype suggest that these disorders arise from specific T cell types present in normal peripheral blood or from common precursors.
V-LAB - A virtual laboratory for structural integrity assessment of composite components (1996)

Abstract : V-LAB is a Window's-based analysis tool for structural integrity assessment of composite components. The software allows failure investigators to work within 'virtual laboratories' representing different structural levels within a composite component. Data can be exchanged seamlessly between the different labs, allowing results to be easily integrated. A prototype of the V-LAB software system was developed with labs for micromechanics analysis, material definition, and failure analysis of composite laminates and thin-walled beams. V-LAB provides a general software framework where independent analysis modules can be coupled for structural analysis. A relational database was developed containing all required data for the various analyses. The independent modules can share information via the database, and new modules can be added to V-LAB. Access is provided to existing material databases and analysis functions, simplifying development of new modules. This research demonstrated the potential to develop an easy-to-use, integrated analysis environment that meets the Air Force's need to perform efficient, independent failure analyses. Due to the flexible, extendible nature of the program, V-LAB can be easily adapted for use by civilian agencies and industries involved in design and failure analysis of composite components.
Aerosol‐Assisted Plasma Deposition of Barrier Coatings using Organic‐Inorganic Sol‐Gel Precursor Systems (2005)

Abstract Hybrid organic‐inorganic precursors and sol–gel systems thereof, obtained via wet‐chemical hydrolysis, were atomized and introduced into an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in nitrogen. The precursors used are tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO), methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO), propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMO), and a new high molecular weight siloxane precursor (Bayrecit). The obtained coatings were analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Deposition rates varied between 30 nm min –1 and 175 nm min –1 . Injection of hydrolized sol–gel precursor systems resulted in higher deposition rates. Films deposited on PET foil were tested for their oxygen barrier properties. Plasma‐assisted coating deposition of the sol–gel systems proved to be superior to wet‐chemical application and conventional thermal or UV curing. However, the best barrier performance was obtained with a coating from non‐hydrolyzed Bayrecit. The lowest oxygen transmission rate (OTR) on PET obtained so far is 5 cm 3 m –2 day –1 bar –1 .
Role of Etv2‐positive cells in the remodeling morphogenesis during vascular development (2013)

Etv2 is a critical determinant for the commitment of endothelial (EC) and hematopoietic (HPC) cells from mesoderm. Etv2 is assumed to be transiently required for EC commitment but dispensable after most ECs differentiate around E9.5. To confirm the time window of Etv2 requirement, Etv2 was ablated at different time points using ROSA26CreER mice. Unexpectedly, Etv2 ablation at E9.5 caused vascular remodeling defects in cranial and yolk sac vasculature. Immunostaining showed that Etv2+/VE-cadherin (VECAD)- cells were present around forming vasculature, mostly co-expressing Flk-1 with a small number of Etv2+/VECAD+ cells, indicating that Etv2+/Flk-1+/VECAD- cells are the major Etv2+ population promoting vascular remodeling around E9.5. Gene expression analysis showed up-regulation of Fgf proteins, Il-6, Glypican-3 and matrix metalloproteases in Etv2+/VEDAC- cells over Etv2-/VECAD+ mature ECs. Blockade of those factors caused reduced EC sprouting in ex vivo explant culture from E9.5 embryos, suggesting the functional significance of environmental factors derived from Etv2+ cells. Altogether, we propose that Etv2+/VEDAC- cells around E9.5-E10.5 provide extracellular factors to complete vascular morphogenesis in addition to becoming differentiated ECs incorporated into vessels. This insight for the new role of Ets protein in perivascular Flk-1+/VECAD-/(Etv2+) cells to induce expression of angiogenic factors may provide another strategy to control angiogenesis.
Accurate light source acquisition and rendering (2003)

Realistic image synthesis requires both complex and realistic models of real-world light sources and efficient rendering algorithms to deal with them. In this paper, we describe a processing pipeline for dealing with complex light sources from acquisition to global illumination rendering. We carefully design optical filters to guarantee high precision measurements of real-world light sources. We discuss two practically feasible setups that allow us to measure light sources with different characteristics. Finally, we introduce an efficient importance sampling algorithm for our representation that can be used, for example, in conjunction with Photon Maps.
Identification of tumor‐associated proteins in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma by proteomics (2004)

Oral tongue carcinoma is an aggressive tumor that particularly affects chronic smokers, drinkers and betel squid chewers. Patients often present symptoms at a late stage, and there is a high recurrence rate after treatment. In this article, we report the first proteomic analysis of oral tongue carcinoma to globally search for tumor related proteins. Apart from helping us to understand the molecular pathogenesis of the carcinoma, these proteins may also have potential clinical applications as biomarkers, enabling the tumor to be identified at an early stage in high risk individuals, treatment response to be predicted, and residual or recurrent carcinoma to be detected sooner after treatment. The protein expression profiles of ten oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas and their matched normal mucosal resection margins were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy. A number of tumor-associated proteins including heat shock protein (HSP)60, HSP27, alpha B-crystalline, ATP synthase beta, calgranulin B, myosin, tropomyosin and galectin 1 were consistently found to be significantly altered in their expression levels in tongue carcinoma tissues, compared with their paired normal mucosae. The expression profile portrays a global protein alteration that appears specific to oral tongue cancer. The potential of utilizing these tumor related proteins for screening cancer and monitoring recurrence warrants further investigation.
A 1K-gate GaAs gate array (1984)

The successful design and fabrication of 1050-gate arrays are reported. Chip size is 3.75/spl times/3.75 mm. A basic cell can be programmed as an enhancement/depletion-type DCFL three-input NOR gate. The speed performance was measured at 0.2-mW/gate power dissipation. Unloaded (fanout=1) propagation delay time was 100 ps/gate. Load dependence of the delay time was 65 ps/1 mm interconnection line, 27 ps/fanout, and 3.33 ps/crossover load. This leads to 350 ps/gate delay under the assumed loading condition of interconnection line length=3 mm and three fanouts. The gate array was applied to 6/spl times/6 bit parallel multiplier circuit. The 10.6-ns multiplication time was measured at 380-mW power consumption. The operation speed of the personalized circuit can be well described by the basic performance provided by ring oscillator measurements.
Level set methods for etching, deposition and photolithography development (1996)

Level set techniques are numerical techniques for tracking moving interfaces, and have been applied to a wide collection of problems in front propagating and surface advancement. The techniques are robust, accurate, unbreakable, and extremely fast, and can be applied to highly complex two and three dimensional surface topography evolutions in etching, deposition, and photolithography, including sensitive flux/visibility integration laws, simultaneous etching and deposition, effects of non-convex sputter laws demonstrating faceting, as well as ion-sputtered re-deposition and re-emission with low sticking coefficients, and surface diffusion.
Generating Call-Level Interfaces for Advanced Database Application Programming (1999)

Database management systems (DBMS) store and manage large sets of shared data whereas application programs perform the data processing tasks, e. g., to run the business of a company. Often, these programs are written in various programming languages (PLs) embodying different type systems. Thus, DBMSs should be “multi-lingual“ to serve the application requests. This is typically achieved by providing a DBMS and its database language (DBL), like SQL2, with an own type system. To access the database (DB), a DBL/PL-coupling called database API (DB-API or API for short) is required.
User Scheduling for Coordinated Dual Satellite Systems with Linear Precoding (2012)

The constantly increasing demand for interactive broadband satellite communications is driving current research to explore novel system architectures that reuse frequency in a more aggressive manner. To this end, the topic of dual satellite systems, in which satellites share spatial (i.e. same coverage area) and spectral (i.e. full frequency reuse) degrees of freedom is introduced. In each multibeam satellite, multiuser interferences are mitigated by employing zero forcing precoding with realistic per antenna power constraints. However, the two sets of users that the transmitters are separately serving, interfere. The present contribution, proposes the partial cooperation, namely coordination between the two coexisting transmitters in order to reduce interferences and enhance the performance of the whole system, while maintaining moderate system complexity. In this direction, a heuristic, iterative, low complexity algorithm that allocates users in the two interfering sets is proposed. This novel algorithm, improves the performance of each satellite and of the overall system, simultaneously. The first is achieved by maximizing the orthogonality between users allocated in the same set, hence optimizing the zero forcing performance, whilst the second by minimizing the level of interferences between the two sets. Simulation results show that the proposed method, compared to conventional techniques, significantly increases spectral efficiency.
Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal Women Treated With Raloxifene (2001)

Yaffe, Kristine; Krueger, Kathryn; Sarkar, Somnath; Grady, Deborah; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Cox, David A.; Nickelsen, Thomas for the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Investigators
Inhibition of proteasome activity by various fruits and vegetables is associated with cancer cell death. (2004)

There is a large amount of scientific evidence showing that fruits and vegetables lower the risk of cancer. However, the responsible molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our previous studies have demonstrated that inhibition of proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity is associated with cancer cell apoptosis, which may also be the major mechanism responsible for the anticancer effects of green tea polyphenols. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that some fruits and vegetables inhibit tumor cell proteasome activity and that this inhibition contributes to their cancer-preventative activities. We report that the extracts of apple and grape are more potent than onion, tomato and celery in: (i) inhibiting the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity in leukemia Jurkat T cell extract; (ii) accumulating the polyubiquitinated proteins in intact Jurkat T cells; (iii) inducing activation of caspase-3/-7 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in intact Jurkat T cells; and (iv) inducing the appearance of spherical cells preferentially in prostate cancer PC-3 over the normal NIH 3T3 cell line. We also found that strawberry extract had some effect on Jurkat T cell extract and the prostate PC-3 cell line but not on intact Jurkat T cells. Our findings suggest that the proteasome is a cancer-related molecular target for, at least, the extracts of apple, grape and onion, and that the inhibition of proteasome activity by these fruits or vegetable may contribute to their cancer-preventative effects, although other molecular mechanisms may also be involved.
Sentence Extraction by Questioning. (2001)

This paper presents a sentence extraction method based on Concept Coupling Model, a language model for handling natural language sentence structures. Sentence extraction is performed by retrieving sentences from texts that contain the explicit answer to a user query. The sentence structure representation scheme provided by the model facilitates the retrieval operation which is basically a structure matching between the query and the target sentence structures. The proposed method is expected to be most effectively used in applications where natural language expressions can be user-controlled so that a more improved parsing accuracy can be achieved.
Antennas for radar and communications : a polarimetric approach (1992)

Arrays, Broadband Antennas, and Noise Representations of Wave Polarization Polarization Matching of Antennas Polarization Characteristics of Some Antennas Polarization Changes by Reflection and Transmission Partial Polarization Polarization Measurements Target Detection Appendices Index.
Design of a multi-channel true flat fluorescent lamp for avionic AM-LCD backlighting (1994)

For backlighting a direct view avionic liquid crystal display (LCD), a multi-channel true flat fluorescent lamp (T-FFL) has been designed and developed. The design and development was accomplished through (1) electric field plot for various ratios of depth to height of the hollow cathode, (2) decrease of charge losses, (3) employment of internal dielectric mirror, (4) monitoring of the penetration of internal positive column, and (5) design of a constant current drive for T-FFL. A luminance of 3000 fL. with a luminous efficiency of 16.2 l/w has been achieved on a 3" diagonal T-FFL.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Convolutional neural network based chart image classification (2017)

Charts are frequently embedded objects in digital documents and are used to convey a clear analysis of research\nresults or commercial data trends. These charts are created through different means and may be represented by\na variety of patterns such as column charts, line charts and pie charts. Chart recognition is as important as text\nrecognition to automatically comprehend the knowledge within digital document. Chart recognition consists on\nidentifying the chart type and decoding its visual contents into computer understandable values. Previous work in\nchart image identification has relied on hand crafted features which often fails when dealing with a large amount\nof data that could contain significant varieties and less common char types. Hence, as a first step towards this\ngoal, in this paper we propose to use a deep learning-based approach that automates the feature extraction step.\nWe present an improved version of the LeNet [LeCu 89] convolutional neural network architecture for chart image\nclassification. We derive 11 classes of visualization (Scatter Plot, Column Chart, etc.) which we use to annotate\n3377 chart images. Results show the efficiency of our proposed method with 89.5 % of accuracy rate.
Simian immunodeficiency virus vectors: Replication and pseudotyping (1992)

We studied a single round of replication of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) through the use of a replication defective vector that expresses the hygromycin resistance gene. It was possible to pseudotype SIV particles by complementation with the env gene from a murine amphotropic retrovirus. Moreover, SIV RNA was packaged and propagated by core particles of the heterologous lentivirus, HIV-1. These results indicate that coinfection of cells with SIV and other retroviruses could lead to infection of new cell types in nature.
Préparation de dérivés de sucres acétyléniques terminaux et d'acides ynuroniques par réaction de <i>Wittig</i>. Note de laboratoire (1980)

Synthesis of Terminal Acetylenic Sugars Derivatives and Ynuronic Acids Derivatives by Use of a Wittig Reaction The method described for the preparation of terminal acetylenic sugars presents two advantages over earlier procedures: no new asymmetric center is created and the chain can be extended by one or more C‐atoms. The method also allows preparation of ynuronic acids. The aldehydosugars derivatives 1–7 gave in good to excellent yields the corresponding gem ‐dibromoenoses 8–14 from which either the terminal acetylenic sugars derivatives 15–21 or the ynuronic acids 22–24 were easily prepared. A few examples of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions (leading to 28–30 ) with these acetylenic sugar derivatives are also described.
Enhanced Gene Delivery Efficiency in Resonant Acoustic Fields (2005)

The potential of resonant acoustic fields (RAF) to facilitate DNA delivery was explored in this study. We reasoned that, driven by the primary acoustic radiation force, suspended cells agglomerated on the pressure nodal planes first and formed cell bands. Nanometer-sized DNA vectors, circulated between nodal planes by acoustic microstreaming, then used the pre-formed cell bands as the nucleating sites to attach on. As a result, the encounter opportunity between DNA vectors and target cells was increased and further enhanced the gene delivery efficiency. In this talk, delivery efficacy of DNA ferried by retroviral or nonviral vector was examined applying RAF. For the viral vector part, our results showed that mega-hertz RAF brought K562 erythroleukemia cells (10 6 cells/mL) and vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) pseudotyped retroviruses (titer of 5x10 6 CFU/mL) into close contact at the pressure nodal planes, yielding a 4-fold increment of eGFP transgene expression after 5-min RAF exposure in the presence of 8 µg/mL Polybrene. Furthermore, with a fixed titer of retrovirus, the transduction rate was augmented with the increase of cell concentration. For the nonviral vector part, to avoid electrostatic repulsion and facilitate binding to cell surface, eGFP-encoding DNA plasmids (2 µg/mL) were complexed with polycationic polyethylenimine (PEI) prior to mixing with K562 cells (10 6 cells/mL) in an acoustic chamber. After 5-min of RAF exposure, our results showed that PEI/DNA complexes were brought into close contact with K562 cells at the pressure nodal planes, and yielding a 10-fold increment of eGFP transgene expression