gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three major haplotypes of the β<sub>2</sub> adrenergic receptor define psychological profile, blood pressure, and the risk for development of a common musculoskeletal pain disorder (2006)

Adrenergic receptor beta(2) (ADRB2) is a primary target for epinephrine. It plays a critical role in mediating physiological and psychological responses to environmental stressors. Thus, functional genetic variants of ADRB2 will be associated with a complex array of psychological and physiological phenotypes. These genetic variants should also interact with environmental factors such as physical or emotional stress to produce a phenotype vulnerable to pathological states. In this study, we determined whether common genetic variants of ADRB2 contribute to the development of a common chronic pain condition that is associated with increased levels of psychological distress and low blood pressure, factors which are strongly influenced by the adrenergic system. We genotyped 202 female subjects and examined the relationships between three major ADRB2 haplotypes and psychological factors, resting blood pressure, and the risk of developing a chronic musculoskeletal pain condition-Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD). We propose that the first haplotype codes for lower levels of ADRB2 expression, the second haplotype codes for higher ADRB2 expression, and the third haplotype codes for higher receptor expression and rapid agonist-induced internalization. Individuals who carried one haplotype coding for high and one coding for low ADRB2 expression displayed the highest positive psychological traits, had higher levels of resting arterial pressure, and were about 10 times less likely to develop TMD. Thus, our data suggest that either positive or negative imbalances in ADRB2 function increase the vulnerability to chronic pain conditions such as TMD through different etiological pathways that imply the need for tailored treatment options.
High Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Predicts Early Recurrence and Poor Prognosis after Curative Resection for Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas (2002)

In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the VEGF expression and the height of MVD are closely correlated, and both-rather than UICC stage and TNM classification (tumor size and nodal involvement)-are markers of prognostic relevance after curative resection. Furthermore, VEGF is a predictor of early recurrence after curative resection. The current study indicates that VEGF may promote the distribution of metastases, leading to early cancer recurrence and poor outcome.
Evolution of the Insulin Receptor Family and Receptor Isoform Expression in Vertebrates (2008)

The molecular phylogeny of the vertebrate insulin receptor (IR) family was reconstructed under maximum likelihood (ML) to establish homologous relationships among its members. A sister group relationship between the orphan insulin-related receptor (IRR) and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) to the exclusion of the IR obtained maximal bootstrap support. Although both IR and IGF1R were identified in all vertebrates, IRR could not be found in any teleost fish. The ancestral character states at each position of the receptor molecule were inferred for IR, IRR + IGF1R, and all 3 paralogous groups based on the recovered phylogeny using ML in order to determine those residues that could be important for the specific function of IR. For 18 residues, ancestral character state of IR was significantly distinct (probability >0.95) with respect to the corresponding inferred ancestral character states both of IRR + IGF1R and of all 3 vertebrate paralogs. Most of these IR distinct (shared derived) residues were located on the extracellular portion of the receptor (because this portion is larger and the rate of generation of IR shared derived sites is uniform along the receptor), suggesting that functional diversification during the evolutionary history of the family was largely generated modifying ligand affinity rather than signal transduction at the tyrosine kinase domain. In addition, 2 residues at positions 436 and 1095 of the human IR sequence were identified as radical cluster-specific sites in IRR + IGF1R. Both Ir and Irr have an extra exon (namely exon 11) with respect to Igf1r. We used the molecular phylogeny to infer the evolution of this additional exon. The Irr exon 11 can be traced back to amphibians, whereas we show that presence and alternative splicing of Ir exon 11 seems to be restricted exclusively to mammals. The highly divergent sequence of both exons and the reconstructed phylogeny of the vertebrate IR family strongly indicate that both exons were acquired independently by each paralog.
Architecture for source localization with a linear ultrasonic array (2002)

We present an architecture for applying synthetic aperture processing to determine the direction of arrival of ultrasonic waves. Three linear arrays of MEMS ultrasonic microphones have been designed and fabricated for this purpose. The microphones' diameters are 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 mm, for resonance frequencies of approximately 34, 110 and 520 KHz, respectively. The arrays are interfaced with receiver circuitry that samples and digitizes the incident wavefront. A pure analog implementation is also described. Carefully designed low noise, pre-amplifiers and analog-to-digital converters are used in the proposed receiver circuit. FIFO buffers are used to store the sampled values and interface with a CPU. Both continuous and pulsed techniques can be used to stimulate the array. We describe the microphone array, the receiver circuits, and the beam-steering algorithm. Lastly, we present an integrated architecture for realizing this type of ultrasonic source localization and directional acoustic transmission and reception in VLSI.
Indirect rotor position sensing in real time for brushless permanent magnet motor drives (1998)

This paper describes a modern solution to the real-time rotor position estimation of brushless permanent magnet (PM) motor drives. The position estimation scheme, based on flux linkage and line-current estimation, is implemented in real-time by using the abc reference frame, and it is tested dynamically. The position estimation model of the test motor, development of hardware and basic operation of the digital signal processor (DSP) are discussed. The overall position estimation strategy is accomplished with a fast DSP (TMS320C30). The method is a shaft position sensorless method that is applicable to a wide range of excitation types in brushless PM motors without any restriction on the motor model and the current excitation. Both rectangular and sinewave-excited brushless PM motor drives are examined, and the results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with dynamic loads in closed estimated position loop.
Structural Determinants of Neurotrophin Action (1995)

Five decades of research on NGF have led to the discovery of a small family of evolutionarily conserved proteins, which have vital functions in the survival and neuronal development of specific neuronal populations. The generation of mice lacking neurotrophin expression has recapitulated classic experiments using anti-NGF antibodies to dissect the physiological effects of trophic factor deprivation (73). Very similar outcomes resulted from both the NGF immunodepletion experiments and the transgenic mouse experiments. The genetic results also verify the structural predictions made from binding results in heterologous cells. The findings in cell culture and animal experiments clearly indicate the efficacy of neurotrophic factors for promoting the survival of prominent neuronal populations such as sensory and motor neurons. The high degree of conservation of neurotrophin structure is accompanied by a surprising variation in the amino acid contacts used by each neurotrophin with p75 and the trk receptor family members. It is this variation that may provide specificity for each ligand-receptor complex. The future challenge will be to make use of this knowledge to design effective therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegeneration and nerve injury.
(Invited)<i/>650 Volt GaN Commercialization Reaches Automotive Standards (2017)

With its proven ability to reduce size (form factor) and save energy (high efficiency) Gallium Nitride (GaN) is now no longer a nice to have, it is a must-have for power conversion. High voltage (HV) GaN HEMTs (also called GaN FETs) in the range of 650 to 900 volts are becoming the next standard for power conversion. GaN provides cost-competitive, easy-to-embed solutions that reduce energy loss by >50 percent, shrink system sizes by >40 percent, to simplify power converter/inverter design and manufacturing. These benefits are being realized today in various markets: Consumer, Industrial, Server, Servo Motors and Drives, Solar, Telecommunications, and recently Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. Having successfully completed JEDEC qualification and commercialization of HV-GaN, we will now review the first ever Automotive (AEC Q101) Qualification for GaN and discuss in detail results for highly stressed robustness tests, FIT rates & lifetime testing.
Radioimmunoassay for serum transcobalamin II. (1977)

A radioimmune assay for transcobalamin II (TC II) was devised from the following: (1) TC II-57Co B12 precipitated from normal serum with (NH4)2SO4 as the labeled ligand; (2) the TC II of whole serum as the standard source of TC II; (3) rabbit anti-pure TC II as the binding agent; (4) separation of the bound and free TC II-B12 by precipitation of the antibody bound with polyethylene glycol. The assay was responsive to either TC II or TC II-B12 and to TC II either pure or in crude preparations. It was not responsive to R-type binders of B12. The median TC II of 10 normal sera was 890 pg. per milliliter and of 10 sera from 10 random hospital patients was 1,010 pg. per milliliter. There was no measurable TC II in the serum of a child with congenital absence of TC II and the assay measured levels greater than 5,000 pg. per milliliter in abnormalities of TC II metabolism.
Stofconcentratie in vermeerderingsstallen (1997)

De mogelijkheden om het inademen van het stof te voorkomen liggen in het zorgen voor schone lucht of het laten neerslaan van het stof.
The alpha 1E calcium channel exhibits permeation properties similar to low-voltage-activated calcium channels. (1996)

The physiological and pharmacological properties of the alpha 1E calcium (Ca) channel subtype do not exactly match any of the established categories described for native neuronal Ca currents. Many of the key diagnostic features used to assign cloned Ca channels to their native counterparts, however, are dependent on a number of factors, including cellular environment, beta subunit coexpression, and modulation by second messengers and G-proteins. Here, by examining the intrinsic pore characteristics of a family of transiently expressed neuronal Ca channels, we demonstrate that the permeation properties of alpha 1E closely resemble those described for a subset of low-threshold Ca channels. The alpha 1A (P-/Q-type), alpha 1B (N-type), and alpha 1C (L-type) high-threshold Ca channels all exhibit larger whole-cell currents with barium (Ba) as the charge carrier as compared with Ca or strontium (Sr). In contrast, macroscopic alpha 1E currents are largest in Sr, followed by Ca and then Ba. The unique permeation properties of alpha 1E are maintained at the single-channel level, are independent of the nature of the expression system, and are not affected by coexpression of alpha 2 and beta subunits. Overall, the permeation characteristics of alpha 1E are distinct from those described for R-type currents and share some similarities with native low-threshold Ca channels.
Marketingpolitische Implikationen (2004)

Wie die Ergebnisse der im Bekleidungssektor durchgeführten empirischen Studie dokumentieren, ist das entwickelte Ursache-Wirkungsgefüge dazu in der Lage, das Zustandekommen von Markenwahlverhalten sowohl in einem situationsunabhängigen als auch in einem situativen Kontext zu erklären. Allerdings ist dem allgemeinen, d. h. situationsunabhängigen, Modell eine bessere Anpassung an die Realität zu bescheinigen. Daher dient diese Variante zunächst als Basis für die Ableitung von Empfehlungen für die Unternehmenspraxis. Diese Empfehlungen zielen darauf ab, das Kauf- und -nutzungsverhalten von Konsumenten bezüglich der von einem Unternehmen am Markt angebotenen Marken positiv zu beeinflussen, um damit letzten Endes einen Beitrag zur Steigerung des konsumentenseitigen Werts dieser Marken zu leisten.995 Darüber hinaus gilt es, auf Grundlage der Resultate der situationsabhängigen Modellschätzung auf zusätzliche Optionen hinzuweisen, die sich einem Unternehmen im Hinblick auf die Erreichung dieser Zielsetzung bieten.
Hochreines Monosilan für die Elektronikindustrie – Synthese, Reinigung und Charakterisierung (1988)

Abstract High‐purity monosilane for the electronics industry – Synthesis, purification, characterization. Monosilane is used in the electronics industry in the production of integrated circuits and in the manufacture of amorphous silicon devices such as solar cells, photocopier drums, and flat TV screens. The first German production unit for high purity monosilane gas which came on stream in 1987 is presented. The gas produced in a molten salt process is purified to highest quality and analyzed.
Balanced Precoding Technique for Vector Signal Generation Based on OCS (2015)

The phase and amplitude precoding technique is essential in optical carrier suppression-based photonic constant-and multi-amplitude quadrature-amplitude-modulation vector signal generation at radio frequency bands. In this letter, a novel precoding scheme with constellations balanced distribution is proposed and investigated. We experimentally demonstrate 8-GBd quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) vector signal generation at 16 GHz enabled by a single Mach-Zehnder modulator-based oscilloscope modulation and the proposed precoding scheme. Compared with imbalanced precoding, this scheme can provide 2-dB receiver sensitivity improvement, and the obtained constellations at the receiver end is much more symmetrical, which represents the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components have equal performance. The bit-error-ratio for 8-GBd QPSK vector signals can be under hard-decision forward-error-correction threshold of 3.8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> after a 25-km standard single-mode fiber transmission.
Tentacle-Type Zwitterionic Stationary Phase Prepared by Surface-Initiated Graft Polymerization of 3-[<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethyl-<i>N</i>-(Methacryloyloxyethyl)- ammonium] Propanesulfonate through Peroxide Groups Tethered on Porous Silica (2002)

A novel stationary phase with tentacle-type zwitterionic interaction layer was synthesized by free radical graft polymerization of 3-[N,N-dimethyl-N-(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium]propanesulfonate (SPE) from the surface of Kromasil porous silica particles. The polymerization was initiated by thermal cleavage of tert-butylperoxy groups covalently attached to the particle surface, and the material therefore carries a tentacle-type polymeric interaction layer with 3-sulfopropylbetaine functional moieties. The composition of the surface graft was determined by elemental analysis, and the surface charge was measured using photon correlation spectroscopy. The measured zeta-potentials were close to 0 and nearly independent of pH, and the tentacle character of the interactive layers were evident from the lack of colloidal stability in the absence of salt (antipolyelectrolytic behavior) and a marked increase in column back-pressure when the concentration of perchloric acid or perchlorate salt was increased. The chromatographic properties were evaluated on columns packed with the functionalized material, and it was shown that this zwitterionic stationary phase could simultaneously and independently separate inorganic anions and cations using aqueous solutions of perchloric acid or perchlorate salts as eluents. The material was also capable of separating two acidic and three basic proteins in a single run, using gradient salt elution at constant pH.
Chondrocyte Proliferation of the Cranial Base Cartilage upon <i>in vivo</i> Mechanical Stresses (2002)

Whereas the growth of the cranial base cartilage is thought to be regulated solely by genes, epiphyseal growth plates are known to respond to mechanical stresses. This disparity has led to our hypothesis that chondrocyte proliferation is accelerated by mechanical stimuli above natural growth. Two-Newton tensile forces with static and cyclic waveforms were delivered in vivo to the premaxillae of actively growing rabbits for 20 min/day over 12 consecutive days. The average number of BrdU-labeled chondrocytes in the proliferating zone treated with cyclic forces was significantly higher than both static forces of matching peak magnitude and sham controls representing natural chondral growth. Cyclic forces also evoked greater area of the proliferating zone than both static forces and sham controls. Thus, chondrocyte proliferation is enhanced by mechanical stresses in vivo, especially those with oscillatory waveform. Analysis of these data suggests that genetically coded chondral growth is up-regulated by mechanical signals.
Objectives in teaching chemistry (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObjectives in teaching chemistryH. R. Smith Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1925, 2, 7, 585Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1925Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1925Published inissue 1 July 1925https://doi.org/10.1021/ed002p585RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
No pathogenic responses in rat lung upon exposure to ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> Granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) is a by-product of the manufacture of iron by thermochemical reduction in a blast furnace. Blast furnace slag is generated at temperatures above 1500 °C. If the liquid slag is quenched very rapidly with water, a glassy slag is generated (GBS). It is used - after grinding <100 µm - [ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)] for cement and concrete production. A small particulate fraction of GGBS might be accessible to the pulmonary alveoli, where it could settle down and induces physiological inflammatory responses. Within the scope of the 'Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals' (REACH), GGBS was already tested in rats in an acute toxicity inhalation study, as well as in a dose range finding study as a predecessor study for this study. Both did not show systemic and local toxic effect in rats upon inhalation of high-dose GGBS.<b>Material and methods:</b> In this study, low (4.3 mg/m<sup>3</sup>), intermediate (9.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup>), and high-dose (24.9 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) repetitive exposure of GGBS to rats was tested over a period of 4 weeks with 6 h exposure per day for 5 days per week. <b>Results and conclusion:</b> Even at high doses, GGBS was inactive and did not induce clinically relevant phenotypic changes in rats compared to concomitant controls.Together with both the previous acute toxicity and the dose range finding study in rats, it was shown that the exposure to the tested GGBS was unable to induce any severe pathogenic responses.
First clinical trial of cancer vaccine therapy with artificially synthesized helper/ killer‐hybrid epitope long peptide of MAGE‐A4 cancer antigen (2012)

A patient with pulmonary metastasis of colon cancer was treated with artificially synthesized helper/killer-hybrid epitope long peptide (H/K-HELP) of MAGE-A4 cancer antigen. The patient was vaccinated with MAGE-A4-H/K-HELP combined with OK432 and Montanide ISA-51. There were no severe side-effects except for a skin reaction at the injection site. MAGE-A4-H/K-HELP induced MAGE-A4-specific Th1 and Tc1 immune responses and the production of MAGE-A4-specific complement-fixing IgG antibodies. Tumor growth and carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker were significantly decreased in the final diagnosis. This is the first report that artificially synthesized MAGE-A4-H/K-HELP induces Th1-dependent cellular and humoral immune responses in a human cancer patient.
Molecular Mechanisms and Proposed Targets for Selected Anticancer Gold Compounds (2011)

Nowadays, gold compounds constitute a family of very promising experimental agents for cancer treatment. Indeed, several gold(I) and gold(III) compounds were shown to manifest outstanding antiproliferative properties in vitro against selected human tumor cell lines and some of them performed remarkably well even in tumor models in vivo. Notably, the peculiar chemical properties of the gold centre impart innovative pharmacological profiles to gold-based metallodrugs most likely in relation to novel molecular mechanisms. The precise mechanisms through which cytotoxic gold compounds produce their biological effects are still largely unknown. Within this frame, the major aim of this review is to define the possible modes of action and the most probable biomolecular targets for a few representative gold compounds on which extensive biochemical and cellular data have been gathered. In particular, we will focus on auranofin and analogues, on gold(III) porphyrins and gold(III) dithiocarbamates. For these three families markedly distinct molecular mechanisms were recently invoked: a direct mitochondrial mechanism involving thioredoxin reductase inhibition in the case of the gold(I) complexes, the influence on some apoptotic proteins--i.e. MAPKs and Bcl-2--for gold(III) porphyrins, and the proteasome inhibition for gold(III) dithiocarbamates. In a few cases the distinct mechanisms may overlap. The general perspectives for the development of new gold compounds as effective anticancer agents with innovative modes of action are critically discussed.