gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research and application of audio feature in compressed domain (2007)

In this paper, by analyzing audio features in compressed domain based on audio encoding/decoding theory, we investigate the feature extraction directly from MP3 (MPEGl-layer3) compressed data stream and propose how to calculate these features such as RMS (root mean squared), SC (spectral centroid), BER (band energy ratio), BW (band width) and MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) from the spectral information available in the decoding stage. Also, the experiments are conducted and the results are analyzed to show the application of some aforementioned features. All the work conducted is for the purpose of laying a foundation for realizing audio information classification, retrieval and recognition in MP3 audio format.
Keeping Video Quality Pristine throughout the Production Process: Introducing 10-bit 4:2:2 AVC/H.264 Encoding (2009)

This paper discusses how using the 10-bit 4:2:2 AVC/H.264 encoding profile for transmission can maintain quality throughout the production process workflow. Upto now an MPEG-2 4:2:2 8-bit profile was used, the new AVC/H.264 encoding profile will allow for significantly lower transmission bandwidth or higher quality for the same transmission links. The profile is also compatible with pre-existing native SDI signal infrastructures used already in production processes. Furthermore 4:2:2 10-bit processing can help to preserve quality during multi-generation encodes/decodes that can happen often in the production process. This paper presents empirical results using real-time implementations to demonstrate the advantages of using this profile. Examples are also presented where this new technology can assist in production workflows ranging from remote uplinks of live broadcasts, non-collocated collaboration of dailies, support of playout-to-tape infrastructures, to international distribution & editing of content.
A Control Method of System Self-Management for Distributed Systems (2010)

In this paper, a control method for making automated distributed management decisions is studied. And the consequences of externalized management on services and the system architecture is studied also. A simulation is performed to evaluate the suggested control method. The simulation results show that the automated manager needs 1) a system view classifying the current system state based on local knowledge, 2) a learner providing an optimal decision policy, and 3) an adaptive service architecture with abilities to compensate disturbance.
Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. A double blind controlled trial. (1977)

A randomized double blind clinical comparison of neomycin and lactulose was performed in 33 cirrhotic patients with chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) at seven cooperating hospitals. In order to maintain double blindness, sorbitol syrup was used as a control solution along with neomycin and was compared with lactulose syrup and placebo tablets in a double drug protocol. Twenty-nine patients were studied in a crossover investigation in which each received both therapeutic regimens preceded and followed by control periods. Four additional patients received one or the other agent, but did not receive both. Serial, semiquantitative assessments were made in all patients of mental status, asterixis, and the trailmaking test (TMT) and electroencephalograms (EEG) and arterial ammonia levels. Both neomycin-sorbitol and lactulose were effective in the majority of patients (83 and 90%, respectively). Each of these parameters (mental state, asterixis, TMT, EEG, and NH3) was improved significantly by neomycin-sorbitol and lactulose. The post-treatment levels for each of these measures were similar in the neomycin and lactulose-treated groups. Mean stool pH was reduced by neomycinsorbitol to 6.1 and by lactulose to 5.5. This difference was highly significant statistically. Bowel activity was similar in the two groups. Both drugs were free of toxicity. These investigations demonstrate that both lactulose and neomycin-sorbitol are effective in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy.
Text-independent speaker recognition by trajectory space comparison (2002)

The principle of trajectory space comparison for text-independent speaker recognition and some solutions to the space comparison problem based on vector quantization are presented. The comparison of the recognition rates of different solutions is reported. The experimental system achieves a 99.5% text-independent speaker recognition rate for 23 speakers, using five phrases for training and five for test. A speaker-independent continuous speech recognition system is built in which this principle is used for speaker adaptation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CANAuth - A Simple, Backward Compatible Broadcast Authentication Protocol for CAN bus (2011)

status: Published
Selective side‐chain oxidation of peralkylated pyrrometheneBF<sub>2</sub> complexes (1994)

Abstract Treatment with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) oxidized 2,6‐diethyl‐1,3,5,7,8‐pentamethylpyrromethene–BF 2 complex 1 , 13,14‐trimethyl‐2, 3, 4, 5,9,10,11,12‐octahydroindomethene–BF 2 complex 5 , and 1,3,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐1,2,3,5,6,7‐hexahydropyromethene–BF 2 complex 8 to the weakly fluorescent 3‐formyl, 5‐oxo, and 8‐formyl derivatives 4 , 6 , and 9 , respectively. The dye 1 was oxidized by lead tetraacetate to 1,7,8‐trimethyl‐2,6‐diethyl‐3,5‐diacetoxymethylpyrromethene–BF 2 complex 12 [λ f (ethanol) 538 nm, Φ 0.62, λ las (ethanol) 555–570 nm]. Catalytic reduction (Pd/C) converted the aldehyde 4 to 2,6‐diethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5,7,8‐tetramethylpyrromethene–BF 2 complex 10 [λ f (ethanol) 537 nm, Φ 0.70, λ las (ethanol) 547–575 nm].
Volunteering for London 2012 (2012)

Working as a nurse volunteer in the Olympic polyclinic brought a range of rewards.
Development of 2,6-carboxy-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as a novel scaffold of ratiometric fluorescent probes for live cell imaging (2009)

Ratiometric fluorescent probes based on boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) were developed based on a novel design strategy, in which a change of the electron-withdrawing character of the 2,6-substituents resulting from reaction with a target molecule generates a fluorescence wavelength change.
Machu Picchu (2000)

Machu Picchu takes readers inside the Lost City of the Incas for a groundbreaking perspective never before seen by tourists or archeologists. Built high in the Andes on a seemingly impossible site, Machu Picchu stands as a testament to Early Native Americans and their ability to plan and build. How was it possible to create a mountain-top city complete with running water, drainage systems, food production, and stone structures so advanced they have endured for over 500 years? Wright and Valencia Zegarra explain these and other mysteries, based on their original engineering and scientific research.
Effective Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage with Microbial Fuel Cells: An Emphasis on Typical Energy Substrates (2020)

Acid mine drainage (AMD), characterized by a high concentration of heavy metals, poses a threat to the ecosystem and human health. Bioelectrochemical system (BES) is a promising technology for the simultaneous treatment of organic wastewater and recovery of metal ions from AMD. Different kinds of organic wastewater usually contain different predominant organic chemicals. However, the effect of different energy substrates on AMD treatment and microbial communities of BES remains largely unknown. Here, results showed that different energy substrates (such as glucose, acetate, ethanol, or lactate) affected the startup, maximum voltage output, power density, coulombic efficiency, and microbial communities of the microbial fuel cell (MFC). Compared with the maximum voltage output (55 mV) obtained by glucose-fed-MFC, much higher maximum voltage output (187 to 212 mV) was achieved by MFCs fed individually with other energy substrates. Acetate-fed-MFC showed the highest power density (195.07 mW/m2), followed by lactate (98.63 mW/m2), ethanol (52.02 mW/m2), and glucose (3.23 mW/m2). Microbial community analysis indicated that the microbial communities of anodic electroactive biofilms changed with different energy substrates. The unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae (87.48%) was predominant in glucose-fed-MFC, while Geobacter species only accounted for 0.63%. The genera of Methanobrevibacter (23.70%), Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia (23.47%), and Geobacter (11.90%) were the major genera enriched in the ethanol-fed-MFC. Geobacter was most predominant in MFC enriched by lactate (45.28%) or acetate (49.72%). Results showed that the abundance of exoelectrogens Geobacter species correlated to electricity-generation capacities of electroactive biofilms. Electroactive biofilms enriched with acetate, lactate, or ethanol effectively recovered all Cu2+ ion (349 mg/L) of simulated AMD in a cathodic chamber within 53 h by reduction as Cu0 on the cathode. However, only 34.65% of the total Cu2+ ion was removed in glucose-fed-MFC by precipitation with anions and cations rather than Cu0 on the cathode.
Immune enhancing effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and the role of steroid sulphatase (1997)

Steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids (GC), influence immune and inflammatory responses through their suppressive actions. Recent evidence suggests that another steroid hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), provides an immunostimulatory influence opposing the effect of GC. DHEA circulates in its inactive sulphated form, DHEAS, requiring conversion to DHEA by a steroid sulphatase (SS) enzyme for biological activity. Therefore, inhibition of SS activity may affect immune responses, allowing endogenous GC effects to predominate. We have shown that administration of DHEA and DHEAS in contact sensitization (CS) augments ear swelling by 39 and 46% respectively (P < 0.001). DHEAS at doses of 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg reverses the inhibitory effect of corticosterone (5 mg/kg) (P < 0.01). In CS, CT2251 (SS inhibitor) at 10 and 0.1 mg/kg inhibited ear swelling by 61 and 38% (P < 0.05) respectively. In addition, it inhibited DHEAS-augmented responses by 49 and 35% respectively (P < 0.05), with no effect on DHEA-augmented responses. DHEAS reversed CT2251 inhibition of the CS response with complete reversal at 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). DHEAS and CT2251 appear to affect cellular infiltration into the ear, since DHEAS increased the number of lymphocytes by 63.8% and macrophages by 107% (P < 0.001), whereas CT2251 at 0.1 mg/kg decreased the number of lymphocytes by 65% (P < 0.001) and macrophages by 80% (P < 0.001). DHEAS, CT2251 and dexamethasone had no effect on oedema in the ear. From our data we have shown that steroid hormones, such as DHEA, have the potential to act as immunostimulatory factors in vivo. Inhibiting the conversion of DHEAS to DHEA by SS enzyme leads to an anti-inflammatory effect.
Decreased apoptosis in non-involved tissue from cancer-containing breasts (1998)

Various histological changes in the breast have been associated with an increased risk of development of breast cancer; these changes have been identified in non-involved tissue in cancer-containing breasts, suggesting that factors promoting the development of carcinoma may have a field effect. Previous work has identified alterations in growth factors receptors and integrins in cancer-containing breast tissue. In the present study, proliferation and apoptosis are examined. Non-involved breast tissue from 104 women taken at least 4 cm away from a carcinoma and normal/benign tissue from 105 age-matched women were studied. Proliferation was assessed using MIB-1 immunohistochemistry and labelling for histone mRNA, as a marker of S-phase. In situ end-labelling was used to identify apoptosis; any non-labelled apoptotic bodies were also counted. No differences were found between the non-involved tissues and the control group for MIB-1 index and histone index. The apoptotic index was higher in the control group than in the cancer-containing breasts, being greater for ducts than for acini. When the apoptotic index/MIB-1 index and apoptotic index/histone index were considered, the mean for both was lower in the acini from cancer-containing breasts than in the control group, although the ratios for ducts were similar. The reduction in apoptosis may lead to the preservation of genetically aberrant cells, hence favouring neoplastic development. There is a need for further investigation of 'at-risk' cases, including women with a family history, and for a prospective study of a large group of women.
A 1.1mW 200kS/s incremental ΔΣ ADC with a DR of 91.5dB using integrator slicing for dynamic power reduction (2018)

Nyquist-rate ADCs with high resolution are needed in many applications where, for example, multiplexed operation is needed as for multichannel sensor readout. For various tasks such as averaging-based analysis or lock-in detection high linearity at the presence of very low noise is required. While SAR ADCs are known for high power efficiency, they often show limited effective resolutions and linearity unless oversampling, mismatch error shaping or calibration techniques are employed [1,2]. The state of the art in high-resolution ADC design is thus dominated by oversampled converters, and for Nyquist-rate operation a significant power penalty must be paid.
Design and Evaluation of a Real-Time Mobile Telemedicine System for Ambulance Transport (1998)

A mobile telemedicine system was designed, implemented, and tested for en route neurological examinations which required evaluation of facial expressions and movement of arms and legs. The system uses multiple public wireless cellular phones to transmit video and patient biosignals from a moving ambulance and delivers to the desktop computer of the receiving physician. Tests and questionnaires completed by users indicated that it conveyed critical clinical information and it was adequate for conducting clinical examinations.
Continuous Culture of Some Anaerobic and Facultatively Anaerobic Rumen Bacteria (1965)

SUMMARY: Strains of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, and an anaerobic lipolytic bacterium (5s) have been grown under carbohydrate-limiting conditions in continuous culture for long periods. With S. ruminantium and bacterium 5s the fermentation products varied with growth rate. Yield of organism in continuous culture of all three bacteria showed a maximum at a particular growth rate. The yield of S. ruminantium was much higher in continuous culture at optimum growth rate than in batch culture, and was also higher than can be explained on present concepts of the energy from fermentation available for growth. The various results are discussed in the light of results obtained with other bacteria and the conditions obtaining in the rumen.
A Novel Chaotification Control Scheme in DC-DC Converter (2007)

Chaotification is an inverse problem of chaos control. This paper addresses the mechanism of chaotification of buck converter with time-delay feedback. The chaotification model is established moreover the article discusses the chaotification ruler of buck converter in a rigorous mathematic sense. The ranges of control parameters are given using nonlinear dynamics stability theory. Computer simulation illustrates the validity of the proposed method, and depicts the influence of different control parameters. At last experiments are done; theoretical results are verified by experimental measurements.
Intracellular localization of 6-and 7-substituted 2-[2ʼ-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-dibenz [de,h]isoquinoline-1,3-diones (azonafides) is not the limiting factor for their cytotoxicity (1999)

The intracellular localization of 14 structurally unique azonafide analogs was studied to determine if intracellular drug distribution is the limiting factor in azonafide cytotoxicity. Using scanning laser confocal microscopy, cytotoxicity of the azonafide analogs studies was observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells immediately after a 1 h exposure. The intracellular drug distribution patterns varied significantly for different analogs. Eight analogs showed primarily nuclear localization, five analogs showed primarily cytoplasmic localization and two analogs displayed perinuclear localization. In general, the type of chemical substitution on the anthracene nucleus determined the distribution pattern. For example, for each analog seven of eight nuclear-localizing analogs were amine-substituted agents, while four of five cytoplasmic-localized agents were ethoxy-substituted analogs. The individual exception within these groups was the 6-[(dimethylamino)ethoxy] agent that was nuclear localized. The two perinuclear-localized agents included the unsubstituted parent, azonafide, and its 6-methyl azonafide analog. Comparison of the cytotoxicity of the azonafides, based on intracellular localization, revealed that none of the localization patterns were associated with increased cytotoxicity. These results show that minor structural changes in the azonafide class of antitumor agents involving substitution along an anthracene chromophore result in substantially different intracellular drug distribution patterns. However, these distribution differences do not determine relative cytotoxic potency in vitro.
The Role of Gastric and Duodenal Agents in Laryngeal Injury: An Experimental Canine Model (2004)

(i) In acidic refluxate, pepsin and CBAs are the most injurious agents affecting laryngeal tissue. (ii) Duodenal agents do not play a significant role in causing laryngeal injury. (iii) Aggressive acid suppression should eliminate the injurious potential of any gastroduodenal refluxate.
Characterization of a plasmid carrying the<i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12<i>entD, fepA, fes</i>, and<i>entF</i>genes (1984)

The plasmid pMS101 carries Escherichia coli K-12 genes (entD, fes, entF) essential for enterochelin-mediated iron transport [Laird, A.J. and Young, I.G., Gene 11 (1980) 359-366].We have further characterized pMS101 and shown that it also contains the gene (fepA) for the 81000 Da outer membrane ferrienterochelin receptor.Subcloning experiments in conjunction with complementation and maxicell studies demonstrated the gene order to be entD fepA fes entF.The entF-and fes-encoded polypeptides were found to be 115 000 and 42000-Da soluble proteins, respectively.Plasmid-borne enterochelin cluster genes were overexpressed in iron-deficient conditions and their products were undetectable under iron-replete conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Two Novel Borate Compounds MgInBO<sub>4</sub> and MgIn<sub>7/8</sub>B<sub>7/8</sub>O<sub>29/8</sub>. (2013)

Abstract The new title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of MgO, In 2 O 3 , and H 3 BO 3 (1080—1190 °C, 36 h) and their crystal structures are determined by powder XRD.
African Historical Archaeologies (2006)

All Archaeology Is Historical, Isn't It?For those unfamiliar with the last forty years or so of archaeological theory this might seem a peculiar question since surely the answer to it is affirmative: both archaeology and history, though they employ somewhat different kinds of evidence, are concerned with reconstructing and understanding what happened in "the past."However, as this book makes plain, things can be more complex than that and the creative tension between different concepts of "history" and "archaeology" is a leitmotif of African Historical Archaeologies.The principal sources of the book are twofold.First, and developing from the rapid growth of archaeological research on Africa's recent past since the early 1960s, is the fact that Africanist archaeologists are used to drawing together multiple lines of evidence: alongside those that are extracted from the ground through excavation or obtained by archaeological surveys, that evidence includes data obtained from linguistics, comparative ethnography and, latterly, molecular genetics.Above all, however, these sources include a variety of textual sources --some written by Africans, others not --and historical traditions that have been transmitted and remembered not in writing, but in speech and song.The use of oral and documentary history is, therefore, a commonplace in African archaeology, one
Invited Article: An active terahertz polarization converter employing vanadium dioxide and a metal wire grating in total internal reflection geometry (2018)

Active broadband terahertz (THz) polarization manipulation devices are challenging to realize, but also of great demand in broadband terahertz systems. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) shows a promising phase transition for active control of THz waves and provides broadband polarization characteristics when integrated within grating-type structures. We creatively combine a VO2-based grating structure with a total internal reflection (TIR) geometry providing a novel interaction mechanism between the electromagnetic waves and the device, to realize a powerful active broadband THz polarization-controlling device. The device is based on a Si-substrate coated with a VO2 layer and a metal grating structure on top, attached to a prism for generating the TIR condition on the Si-VO2-grating interface. The grating is connected to electrodes for electrically switching the VO2 between its insulating and conducting phases. By properly selecting the incident angle of the THz waves, the grating direction, and the incident polarization state, we first achieved a broadband intensity modulator under a fused silica prism with an average modulation depth of 99.75% in the 0.2-1.1 THz region. Additionally, we realized an active ultra-broadband quarter-wave converter under a Si prism that can be switched between a 45° linear rotator and a quarter wave converter in the 0.8-1.5 THz region. This is the first demonstration of an active quarter-wave converter with ultra-broad bandwidth performance. Our work shows a highly flexible and multifunctional polarization-controlling device for broadband THz applications.
Nonviable<i>Burkholderia mallei</i>Induces a Mixed Th1- and Th2-Like Cytokine Response in BALB/c Mice (2002)

Nonviable cell preparations of Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders, were evaluated as potential vaccine candidates in a BALB/c murine model. Three different B. mallei cell preparations plus Alhydrogel were evaluated: a heat-killed preparation, an irradiation-inactivated preparation, and a preparation of a capsule-negative mutant strain which had been irradiation inactivated. BALB/c mice were vaccinated twice with the different B. mallei preparations, and spleens and sera were collected to determine their cellular and humoral immune responses. All three bacterial cell preparations had essentially the same results in two cellular immune response assays. In a splenocyte proliferation assay, the amount of cell proliferation in response to the homologous immunogen, concanavalin A, or lipopolysaccharide was similar for all the cell preparations. Also, splenocytes from the inoculated mice expressed interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, and small amounts of IL-4 and IL-5, and more IL-10 cytokine in the presence of the homologous antigen. When the immunoglobulin subclasses from these mice were examined, they all produced higher levels of IgG1 than IgG2a subclasses. The higher ratio of IgG1 to IgG2a was not due to the amount of the immunogen or the adjuvant (Alhydrogel) used in the BALB/c mice. The cell preparations did not protect the vaccinated mice from a live challenge (>300 50% lethal doses). Our results suggest that in BALB/c mice, a mixed T-helper-cell-like response to nonviable B. mallei is obtained, as demonstrated by a Th1- and Th2-like cytokine response and a Th2-like subclass immunoglobulin response. This may be the reason for the inability of the B. mallei cells that were examined as candidate vaccines to protect the mice from a live challenge.