gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying knowledge compilation techniques to model-based reasoning (1991)

The application of knowledge compilation techniques to a specialized class of knowledge-based systems known as model-based reasoning (MBR) systems is discussed. Knowledge compilation is defined and explained, and the motivation for applying knowledge compilation techniques to MBR systems, namely, to improve their run-time efficiency on tasks such as diagnosis, design, and simulation, is examined. As an example, a prototype knowledge compilation system capable of compiling both diagnosis and design rules from a general-purpose structure/behavior model of the reaction wheel assembly of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope is considered. R. Davis' criticisms (see proc. 1989 workshop on model-based reasoning, 11-27) and the author's response are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effects of coronary vasodilatation on cardiac performance during endotoxin shock. (1976)

Results of studies have suggested that endotoxin and lowered coronary arterial perfusion pressures are detrimental to cardiac performance and lead to failure. Prevention of cardiac failure in the isolated canine heart preparation confronted with endotoxin and decreased coronary perfusion pressure was possible by perfusing these hearts with sodium nitroprusside. Prevention of failure was manifested by a lowered left ventricular endiastolic pressure and was associated with increased coronary flow and decreased coronary resistance with increased oxygen delivery and decreased oxygen extraction. Possible explanations for improved performance by dilator perfusion include increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to myocardial tissue as well as a reduction of ventricular wall tension by dilating the coronary vascular skeleton. Prevention of extravasation of interstitial fluid into myocardial tissue by reducing overperfusion of potentially damaged coronary vessels could serve to maintain myocardial integrity and ventricular compliance. The potential use of such therapy warrants further study, with emphasis on evaluating the hemodynamics of the intact animal.
ENEG and ENEPIG surface finish for long term solderability (2014)

The long-term reliability of flip chip and boardlevel solder joint is significantly affected by the properties of the surface finish. Various surface finishes such as Immersion Sn, Immersion Ag, Organic solderability preservatives (OSP), Electrolytic Ni/Au (ENEG), and electroless Ni/immersion Au (ENIG) surface finish have been widely used on based Cu pads and can be compliant with lead free SAC solder alloys. Recently Electroless Ni/Electroless Pd/Immersion Au (ENEPIG) is being offered as an alternative surface finish with high solder joint quality and wire bondability. It is claimed to be more cost effective as an Au layer of lower thickness can be used. To evaluate the performance of solder joints upon ENEG and ENEPIG surface finishes, extended reflow tests at 245°C were conducted. In the case of ENEPIG surface finish, micro-porosities are found to be present on the Au plating surface. PdO oxide forms as a result of Pd exposure, which causes deterioration of solderability as compared with ENEG plating. Following extended reflow, it is found that columnar Cu-Ni-Sn IMCs with small amount of Pd and P-rich Ni layer have formed at the interface of ENEPIG /solder system. In contrast, layer-type Cu-Ni-Sn IMCs formed at the interface of ENEG/solder system in the absence of Pd. While Ni and Ni(P) layers act as barrier to diffusion, in some pad of the ENEPIG samples, the Ni(P) layer is found to be less than 1um after 120 minutes reflow, which is ineffective as a diffusion barrier. By comparison, ENEG surface finish remains effective with 3.5um of Ni barrier layer remaining on Cu after 120minutes reflow. This serves as a good barrier to prevent the diffusion of Cu atoms from the base Cu underneath. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that solder joint on ENEG surface finish is more reliable and suitable to be used for long-term reliability of electronic products.
Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the “C(ut)annabinoid” System (2019)

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.
Admission control algorithms for multicast sessions with multiple streams (1997)

Real-time multicast communication is considered, in which each destination makes an individual bid for delivery of a subset of real-time hierarchically encoded streams that are offered to the session by the source. The objective is to customize stream delivery to destinations, based on their requests and network constraints. Admission control procedures, which consider requests for multiple streams from multiple destinations and resolve contention when users' requests exceed available network resources, are presented. Specifications for four admission control procedures are presented and their properties analyzed. A performance measure for admission control is defined to be the total gain for the source that equals the sum of bids by the users taking delivery of the streams they ordered. Simulation results of the performance of the procedures are presented and compared to the performance of an optimal, but highly complex, admission control algorithm. In this paper the assumption is that the routing tree is already in place and the focus is on managing users' requests and deciding on which stream to deliver to each destination. This is done by signaling protocols that transfer messages containing users' requests and resource allocation commands between a source and the destinations. In addition, admission control protocols take users' requests and network resources as their input and issue as outputs the decisions on which request to admit (and allocate resources for) and which to reject.
Reduced Immunoglobulin E and Allergy among Adults with Glioma Compared with Controls (2004)

We and others have reported previously that adults with glioma are 1.5- to 4-fold less likely than controls to report a variety of allergic conditions. The consistent nature of this relationship calls for a biological explanation so that preventative or therapeutic modalities can be explored. We enrolled 403 newly diagnosed adult glioma cases in the San Francisco Bay Area over a 3-year period using a population-based cancer registry and 402 age/gender/ethnicity frequency-matched controls identified via random digit dialing. We assessed total, food-specific, and respiratory-specific IgE in available case (n = 228) and control (n = 289) serum samples. IgE levels were associated with gender, age, smoking status, and ethnicity among cases and/or controls. Among the cases, IgE levels were not associated with aspects of glioma therapy including radiation, chemotherapy, or tumor resection. Total IgE levels were lower in cases than controls: age/gender/ethnicity/education/smoking-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for elevated versus normal total IgE was 0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.64]. For the food panel, OR was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.04-0.41). For the respiratory panel, OR was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.52-1.1). Among respiratory allergies, late age of onset (>12 years) but not IgE levels defined a group with strong associations with risk (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.33-0.75). These results corroborate and strengthen our findings of an inverse association between allergic reactions and glioma by showing a relationship with a biomarker for allergy and cancer for the first time. Furthermore, the results indicate a complex relationship between allergic disease and glioma risk that varies by allergen and allergic pathology.
The MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (2004)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a key enzyme in folate metabolism, plays a major role in the provision of methyl groups for DNA methylation and in the production of dTMP for DNA synthesis. Different polymorphisms have been described for this enzyme, the most studied being the C677T, which has been shown to be associated with predisposition to colorectal cancer in patients who consume a high alcohol diet. The aim of this study was to determine whether the MTHFR polymorphism is related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. MTHFR genotypes were determined in 300 liver transplant patients, 72 of whom had alcoholic cirrhosis with HCC and 122 of whom had alcoholic cirrhosis without HCC. The remaining patients were transplanted for HCC on normal liver (n = 27) or viral cirrhosis with HCC (n = 49) or without HCC (n = 30). We also tested 80 healthy subjects. Among the group of patients transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis, the frequency of MTHFR variants CC versus CT and TT was significantly higher in patients with HCC than in patients without macroscopic evidence of HCC (P = 0.02). This difference was not observed between patients with and without HCC developed either on viral cirrhosis or on non-cirrhotic liver. If we considered all the patients transplanted for HCC, the MTHFR CC genotype was significantly higher in patients who had developed HCC on alcoholic cirrhosis rather than on viral cirrhosis (P = 0.002) or on non-cirrhotic livers (P = 0.02). The relative risk for HCC in subjects with alcoholic cirrhosis and the CC genotype was 2.03. These results suggest that the MTHFR CC genotype increases the risk to develop HCC in patients who consume a high alcohol diet.
Genomic Analyses across Six Cancer Types Identify Basal-like Breast Cancer as a Unique Molecular Entity (2013)

To improve our understanding of the biological relationships among different types of cancer, we have characterized variation in gene expression patterns in a set of 1,707 samples representing 6 human cancer types (breast, ovarian, brain, colorectal, lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer). In the unified dataset, breast tumors of the Basal-like subtype were found to represent a unique molecular entity as any other cancer type, including the rest of breast tumors, while showing striking similarities with squamous cell lung cancers. Moreover, gene signatures tracking various cancer- and stromal-related biological processes such as proliferation, hypoxia and immune activation were found expressed similarly in different proportions of tumors across the various cancer types. These data suggest that clinical trials focusing on tumors with common profiles and/or biomarker expression rather than their tissue of origin are warranted with a special focus on Basal-like breast cancer and squamous cell lung carcinoma.
Coupling of PbS quantum dots to photonic crystal cavities at room temperature (2005)

We demonstrate the coupling of PbS quantum dot emission to photonic crystal cavities at room temperature. The cavities are defined in 33% Al, AlGaAs membranes on top of oxidized AlAs. Quantum dots were dissolved in poly(methylmethacrylate) and spun on top of the cavities. Quantum dot emission is shown to map out the structure resonances. This technique may prove to be viable sources for room temperature cavity coupled single photon generation for quantum information processing applications. Moreover, our results also indicate that such commercially available quantum dots can be used for passive structure characterization. The deposition technique is versatile and allows layers with different dot densities and emission wavelengths to be redeposited on the same chip.
SLC39A6: a potential target for diagnosis and therapy of esophageal carcinoma (2015)

Combined, our findings highlight a tumor-promoting role for SLC39A6 in ESCC, suggesting that SLC39A6 could serve as an early detector of high-risk subjects and prognostic biomarker. The targeting of SLC39A6 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for blocking ESCC.
Progressive Ratio as a Measure of Reward Strength (1961)

Four rats were trained to press a lever on a ratio schedule of reinforcement in which the number of lever presses required on each consecutive run increased by a fixed increment. Both concentration and volume of the reward were varied. Relationships were obtained between reward and deprivation variables and the size of the final completed ratio run.
Sparse Recovery with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit under RIP (2010)

This paper presents a new analysis for the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. It is shown that if the restricted isometry property (RIP) is satisfied at sparsity level $O(\bar{k})$, then OMP can recover a $\bar{k}$-sparse signal in 2-norm. For compressed sensing applications, this result implies that in order to uniformly recover a $\bar{k}$-sparse signal in $\Real^d$, only $O(\bar{k} \ln d)$ random projections are needed. This analysis improves earlier results on OMP that depend on stronger conditions such as mutual incoherence that can only be satisfied with $Ω(\bar{k}^2 \ln d)$ random projections.
Inhibition of fungal plant pathogens by seed proteins of  Harpullia cupanioides (Roxb.) (2002)

Seed extracts of 50 plant species belonging to different families were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of Trichoderma viride in vitro. Of the various seed extracts, the seed extracts of Harpullia cupanioides (Roxb) belonging to Sapindaceae family exhibited very high antifungal activity. The seed extract of H. cupanioides strongly inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Curvularia lunata, Colletotrichum musae and Alternaria alternata. Seed extract of H. cupanioides retained its antifungal activity even after heating at 100 °C for 10 min or autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min. For partial purification of antifungal proteins, H. cupanioides seed extract was subjected to ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 column. The fractions from sephadex G-200 were individually tested for their antifungal activity against T. viride. SDS-PAGE analysis of the fractions from Sephadex-G200 column indicated that the fractions with antifungal activity contained a 68-kDa band as well as other low molecular weight protein bands. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 68-kDa protein (13 residues) was determined by Edman degradation. However, comparison with sequences in the GenBank database (Swiss Prot) did not reveal any homology with known protein sequences.
Measured Wave Force Data on Offshore Platforms (1969)

ABSTRACT Wave forces on vertical cylinders and wave profiles were measured with instruments on two oil production platforms in 30 ft (1954–58) and 100 ft (1960–53) of water, respectively, in the Gulf of Mexico. Waved data were recorded during a number of storms and for waves up to 40 ft in height. The Standard Oil Company of California designed, installed, and operated the measurement systems. Shell Development Company and Esso Production Research were financial participants in the projects; the U.S. Navy obtained these data as a data purchaser. These data have been proprietary but will soon be deposited in public archives. The purpose of this paper is to present the following background information that defines the wave force data being made available.Instrumentation.Raw data collected.Data processing steps.Location of archives. INTRODUCTION A Gulf of Mexico platform designer needed especially strong nerves during the period around 1950. He was designing drilling platforms for a multimillion dollar investment in the hurricane belt, but didn't know what would happen when those hurricane waves smashed into his platform. How big are such waves and what force do they exert? He had asked oceanographers and ocean construction men who offered calculation schemes but had little actual data on wave heights, wave forces, and tide levels that he could use for design. Recommended wave force values had a 4t to 1 spread. The only way the designer could decrease that spread was to place instruments in the ocean and take the measure of the waves. Designers in several oil companies took that step. Table 1 lists some of the wave measurement projects that were started. Probably the construction and operation phases alone of those projects have cost the industry in excess of $2,000,000 and the data obtained are the most complete and accurate information available today for platform design. This paper describes the information obtained in two of the listed projects, Wave Projects I and II, operated by Standard Oil Company of California, and announces the availability of the measured data. THE INSTALLATIONS The wave measurement installations were located in the Gulf of Mexico because the immediate design problem was there, and hurricanes occurred frequently to generate the large waves important to platform design. Figure 1 shows the locations of the two installations. The first installation, Wave Project I, was completed in late summer 1954 on Chevron D platform, Bay Marchand in a water depth of about 30 feet. Data were obtained during five hurricanes and many smaller storms. After more than four years of operation, the instruments were dismantled at the end of the 1958 hurricane season. A study of the data obtained during Wave Project I indicated that further measurements were warranted. To obtain data from larger wave in deeper water, a second installation, Wave Project II, was placed in operation in late summer of 1960 on a Chevron platform at South Timbalier Block 63. The water depth is about 100 feet.
On classification of distorted images with deep convolutional neural networks (2017)

Image blur and image noise are common distortions during image acquisition. In this paper, we systematically study the effect of image distortions on the deep neural network (DNN) image classifiers. First, we examine the DNN classifier performance under four types of distortions. Second, we propose two approaches to alleviate the effect of image distortion: re-training and fine-tuning with noisy images. Our results suggest that, under certain conditions, fine-tuning with noisy images can alleviate much effect due to distorted inputs, and is more practical than re-training.
Effect of tilt angle on soiling of photovoltaic modules (2014)

Soiling on PV modules is known to reduce PV system performance, mainly in dry arid climatic conditions. Cleaning with water or other means may become an expensive solution to the problem. For the highest annual energy production from a fixed tilt PV system, the modules are typically installed at tilt angle close to latitude angle of the system's location. Soiling loss is an interplay between terrain of the installation, tilt angle, rain frequency and rain intensity. For un-cleaned arrays in certain dusty locations, it would be better to optimize the tilt angle for maximizing transmitted radiation to the cells by adjusting the tilt angle slightly higher which would in turn minimize the soiling loss. In this work, we have developed an inexpensive soiling station which evaluates soiling loss at different tilt angles (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 23°, 30°, 33°, 40°). For Mesa, Arizona (a hot-dry climate), the 0° tilt angle showed a 2.02% loss whereas 23° and 33° showed soiling loss close to 1% during the first three months of 2011.
Identifiability analysis for array shape self-calibration in MIMO radar (2014)

This paper concerns the identifiability of antenna position errors in MIMO radar array shape self-calibration. Self-calibration is accomplished with the aid of far-field targets whose DOAs and scattering coefficients are initially unknown. By deriving and analyzing the hybrid Cramer-Rao bound (HCRB) of antenna position errors, we proved the following conclusion: with a position reference, for MIMO radar with arbitrary nominal array configuration, two or more non-collinear targets with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of their echoes tending to infinity are sufficient to calibrate the antenna positions accurately. Numerical examples of the asymptotic behavior of the HCRB validate the theoretical results.
An RNA polymerase II transcription system from rat liver. Purification of an essential component. (1987)

An enzyme system capable of supporting accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II has been prepared from rat liver. Transcription depends upon at least three activities in addition to RNA polymerase II. One activity, designated alpha, has been purified 30,000-fold to near homogeneity. From all promoters tested, the synthesis of full-length runoff transcripts by RNA polymerase II depends upon alpha. alpha appears to consist of a single 35,000-dalton polypeptide and is inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide and heat. Similarities between alpha and transcription activities in fractions TFIIB (Matsui, T., Segall, J., Weil, P. A., and Roeder, R. G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 11992-11996) and [CB] (Samuels, M., Fire, A., and Sharp, P. A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14419-14427) from human cells are discussed.
<sc>ATOM</sc>: Efficient Tracking, Monitoring, and Orchestration of Cloud Resources (2017)

The emergence of Infrastructure as a Service framework brings new opportunities, which also accompanies with new challenges in auto scaling, resource allocation, and security. A fundamental challenge underpinning these problems is the continuous tracking and monitoring of resource usage in the system. In this paper, we present ATOM, an efficient and effective framework to automatically track, monitor, and orchestrate resource usage in an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) system that is widely used in cloud infrastructure. We use novel tracking method to continuously track important system usage metrics with low overhead, and develop a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based approach to continuously monitor and automatically find anomalies based on the approximated tracking results. We show how to dynamically set the tracking threshold based on the detection results, and further, how to adjust tracking algorithm to ensure its optimality under dynamic workloads. Lastly, when potential anomalies are identified, we use introspection tools to perform memory forensics on VMs guided by analyzed results from tracking and monitoring to identify malicious behavior inside a VM. We demonstrate the extensibility of ATOM through virtual machine (VM) clustering. The performance of our framework is evaluated in an open source IaaS system.