gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by phospholipase A2 inhibitors and lipoxygenase inhibitor. (1982)

Application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 20 nmol/mouse), a tumor-promoting agent, to mouse skin results in an induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17). Induction of ODC by TPA was inhibited by treatment of skin with indomethacin (1.12 mumol/mouse), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and the ODC activity suppressed by indomethacin was completely restored by concurrent application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (140 nmol/mouse) as described first by Verma et al. (Cancer Res., 40: 308-315, 1980). Treatment of mice with tetracaine (20 and 100 mumol/mouse), a nonspecific phospholipase A2 inhibitor, inhibited the induction of ODC by TPA. More specific phospholipase A2 inhibitors, mepacrine (20 mumol/mouse) and p-bromophenacyl bromide (10 mumol/mouse), also inhibited the ODC induction. The TPA-induced ODC inhibited by mepacrine was not restored by the treatment of mice with PGE2. TPA-induced ODC inhibited by either mepacrine or p-bromophenacyl bromide was partially but significantly restored by treatment with arachidonic acid (1 to 40 mumol/mouse). Neither PGE2 nor arachidonic acid alone could induce the epidermal ODC. Treatment of mice with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10 to 90 mumol/mouse), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, also inhibited the induction of ODC by TPA. These results strongly indicate that the stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity is a crucial process in inducing mouse epidermal ODC by TPA and not only cyclooxygenase product (i.e., PGE2) but also lipoxygenase product(s) are involved in the mechanism of ODC induction. Our present data also suggest that the above arachidonate metabolites are essential but not sufficient factors for the TPA-stimulated induction of ODC.
Construction of Human Gene Libraries from Small Amounts cf Peripheral Blood: Analysis of β-Like Globin Genes (1982)

We describe a rapid procedure for constructing cloned human genomic libraries from small amounts of peripheral blood. High molecular weight DNA is isolated from 5-20 ml peripheral blood, partially cleaved with Eco R1, and 8-22 kb fragments are cloned using bacteriophage Charon 4A and suitable E. coli host. Using the approach we have isolated and characterized several non-alpha globin clones from a Kurdish Jew with homozygous beta thalassemia. The ability to isolate suitable amounts of high molecular weight DNA from peripheral blood provides a relatively simple means of constructing human gene libraries representing a variety of hemoglobin disorders.
Power Control for Relay-Assisted Wireless Systems with General Relaying (2010)

We consider the problem of power control for two independent relay-assisted wireless systems that operate in the same spectral band. A general scenario where both systems are allowed to select between amplify-and-forward relaying and decode-and-forward relaying is studied. We adopt a game-theoretic approach and show that once both systems act non-cooperatively to optimize their own rate, they can always reach a unique Nash equilibrium (NE) from an arbitrary starting point in a totally distributed and asynchronous manner. We also provide insights on the impacts of network topology and relaying protocols on the sum rate performance of the NE through extensive numerical results.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Luminescence In Nanoscale Compositionally Inhomogeneous AlGaN (2006)

In this paper, we report a detailed optical investigation of the exciton transfer process in AlGaN epilayers with nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI). Temperature and time- dependent photoluminescence studies were performed. Modeling of the experimental data shows that the enhanced luminescence is due to a rapid transfer of the excitons from a wider band gap matrix to a narrower bandgap and lower dimensional NCI region with a short radiative lifetime. This effect greatly enhances luminescence efficiency.In this paper, we report a detailed optical investigation of the exciton transfer process in AlGaN epilayers with nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI). Temperature and time-dependent photoluminescence studies were performed. Modeling of the experimental data shows that the enhanced luminescence is due to a rapid transfer of the excitons from a wider band gap matrix to a narrower bandgap and possibly lower dimensional NCI region with a short radiative lifetime. This effect greatly enhances luminescence efficiency.
Bovine lactoferrin and lactoferricin derived from milk: production and applications (2002)

Bovine lactoferrin is produced on an industrial scale from cheese whey or skim milk. The safety of purified lactoferrin has been confirmed from the results of a reverse mutation test using bacteria, a 13-week oral repeated-dose toxicity study in rats, and clinical studies. In order to apply active lactoferrin to various products, a process for its pasteurization was developed. Subsequently, lactoferrin has been used in a wide variety of products since it was first added to infant formula in 1986. A pepsin hydrolysate of lactoferrin is also used in infant formula. This hydrolysate contains a potent antimicrobial peptide named lactoferricin that is derived from the lactoferrin molecule by pepsin digestion. Semilarge-scale purification of lactoferricin can be performed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Lactoferricin also exhibits several biological actions and appears to be the functional domain of lactoferrin. Recent studies have demonstrated that oral administration of lactoferrin or lactoferricin exerts a host-protective effect in various animals and in humans. The results of these studies strongly suggest that the effects of oral lactoferrin are mediated by modulation of the immune system. Further elucidation of the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of lactoferrin will increase the value of lactoferrin-containing products.
A high-isolation 60GHz CMOS transmit/receive switch (2011)

This paper presents a 60GHz high-isolation CMOS single-pole double-throw (SPDT) transmitter/receiver (T/R) switch fabricated with TSMC standard 90-nm 1P9M CMOS technology. A low insertion loss and high linearity are achieved by using the body-floating technique. The leakage cancellation technique is used to increase the isolation between the transmitter and receiver ports. The top metal (M9) is mainly adopted for designing signal paths and the microstrip-line matching elements. In order to minimize the substrate loss, the first metal (M1) as the ground plane is used in this design. The measured results show the insertion loss from the transmitter port to the antenna port is less than 3.5 dB, and the isolation between the transmitter and receiver ports is higher than 28 dB from 57 to 64GHz. At the center frequency of 60GHz, the port isolation is higher than 34 dB and the input 1-dB compression point (IP1dB) is +6.9 dBm.
Incorporating Multi-partite Networks and Expertise to Construct Related-Term Graphs (2010)

Term suggestion techniques recommend query terms to a user based on his initial query. Providing adequate term suggestions is a challenging task. Most existing commercial search engines suggest search terms based on the frequency of prior used terms that match the first few letters typed by the user. We present a novel mechanism to construct semantic term-relation graphs to suggest semantically relevant search terms. We build term relation graphs based on multi-partite networks of existing social media. These linkage networks are extracted from Wikipedia to eventually form term relation graphs. We propose incorporating contributor-category networks to model the contributor expertise. This step has been shown to significantly enhance the accuracy of the inferred relatedness of the term-semantic graphs. Experiments showed the obvious advantage of our algorithms over existing approaches.
Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on cardiorespiratory responses in the conscious rat (1996)

Gozal, David, José E. Torres, Yair M. Gozal, and Sanford M. Littwin. Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on cardiorespiratory responses in the conscious rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2068–2077, 1996.—Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blockade was used to test the cardioventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in freely behaving animals. Chronically instrumented adult Sprague-Dawley rats were studied before and after intravenous administration of either 100 mg/kg of N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nonspecific NOS blocker, or 10 mg/kg of S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline (SMTC), a selective neural NOS inhibitor.l-NAME injection induced sustained blood pressure (BP) elevation with transient tachycardia and increased minute ventilation (V˙e), which returned to baseline within minutes. SMTC elicited similar, although transient, BP increases; however, heart rate andV˙e decreased.l-NAME and SMTC did not modify overall steady-state hypercapnic responses. In control conditions, hypoxia induced early V˙eincreases with further V˙e enhancements at 30 min. l-NAME increased the early V˙e response to 10% O 2 but induced lateV˙e reductions in hypoxia. SMTC did not change early V˙e responses but induced marked reductions in the later V˙ehypoxic responses. In control animals, hypoxia induced a significant heart rate increase. This increase was absent during the early response after SMTC and was followed in bothl-NAME- and SMTC-treated animals by significant heart rate reductions to values below room air. Similarly, the sustained BP response to hypoxia in control animals was absent after administration of NOS inhibitors. These findings suggest that NOS activity exerts excitatory influences on respiration and cardiac chronotropy and sustained vasomotor tone during hypoxia. We speculate that NOS-mediated mechanisms may play an important role in hypoxia-induced ventilatory roll-off during wakefulness.
Thin-film waveguiding mode light extraction in organic electroluminescent device using high refractive index substrate (2005)

The redistribution of thin-film waveguiding emitted light from an organic electroluminescent (EL) layer using high refractive index substrates has been investigated. The internally emitted light can be classified in terms of three modes: external, substrate, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO)∕organic modes. According to classical ray optics theory, the ITO∕organic mode emission can be completely redistributed to the substrate mode when the refractive index of the substrate becomes larger than that of the emitting layer. The redistributed substrate mode emission should be able to be easily extracted by an uneven surface, such as a microlens array. With this understanding, we prepared organic EL devices in which the substrate refractive index was varied over a range. However, redistribution of the ITO∕organic mode emission to the substrate mode was not observed experimentally in our EL devices. In addition, there was no difference in the luminous intensity improvement between glass (n=1.52) substrate and high refractive index (n=1.72) resin substrate using identical microlens array. The improvement in luminous intensity was around a factor of 1.5 in both cases.
Test Case Prioritization Using Lexicographical Ordering (2016)

Test case prioritization aims at ordering test cases to increase the rate of fault detection, which quantifies how fast faults are detected during the testing phase. A common approach for test case prioritization is to use the information of previously executed test cases, such as coverage information, resulting in an iterative (greedy) prioritization algorithm. Current research in this area validates the fact that using coverage information can improve the rate of fault detection in prioritization algorithms. The performance of such iterative prioritization schemes degrade as the number of ties encountered in prioritization steps increases. In this paper, using the notion of lexicographical ordering, we propose a new heuristic for breaking ties in coverage based techniques. Performance of the proposed technique in terms of the rate of fault detection is empirically evaluated using a wide range of programs. Results indicate that the proposed technique can resolve ties and in turn noticeably increases the rate of fault detection.
A New Approach for the Efficient Construction of 3D Geological Models for Reseroir Applications (2002)

Currently the principal problems in the construction of 3D models for reservoir applications are: • The complexity of the model building proces and the difficulty of iterating the process. • The time required defining the model and the computational time to build it. • The accuracy of the geometry and correctness of the topology of the model constructed. This paper describes the details of a new gridding method that is an extension of the POSC-Rescue multiblock approach. The details of the method and lts advantages will be described and discussed.
An Optimal Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm for Multiprocessors (2006)

We present an optimal real-time scheduling algorithm for multiprocessors $one that satisfies all task deadlines, when the total utilization demand does not exceed the utilization capacity of the processors. The algorithm called LLREF, is designed based on a novel abstraction for reasoning about task execution behavior on multiprocessors: the time and local execution time domain plane (or T-L plane). LLREF is based on the fluid scheduling model and the fairness notion, and uses the T-L plane to describe fluid schedules without using time quanta, unlike the optimal Pfair algorithm (which uses time quanta). We show that scheduling for multiprocessors can be viewed as repeatedly occurring T-L planes, and feasibly scheduling on a single T-L plane results in the optimal schedule. We analytically establish the optimality of LLREF. Further, we establish that the algorithm has bounded overhead, and this bound is independent of time quanta (unlike Pfair). Our simulation results validate our analysis on the algorithm overhead
Accelerating Real-Time String Searching with Multicore Processors (2008)

String searching is at the core of tools used to search, filter, and protect data, but this has become increasingly difficult to do in real time as communication speed grows. The authors present an optimization strategy for a popular algorithm that fully exploits the IBM cell broadband engine architecture to perform exact string matching against large dictionaries and also offer various solutions to alleviate memory congestion.
Sleep and Alertness in Children with ADHD (2000)

Children with ADHD were more sleepy during the day, as shown by the MSLT, and they had longer reaction times. These differences are not due to alteration in the quality of nocturnal sleep. The number of daytime sleep onsets and the rapidity of sleep-onsets measured as MSLT were found to be pertinent physiological indices to discriminate between ADHD subtypes. These results suggest that children with ADHD have a deficit in alertness. Whether this deficit is primary or not requires further studies.
Antiplasmodial Lanostanes from the <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Mushroom (2010)

In a screen of 880 extracts from plants and fungi for antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, and leishmanicidal activity, an ethyl acetate extract of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum showed antiplasmodial activity with 79% inhibition at 4.9 microg/mL. HPLC-based activity profiling and subsequent isolation of the antiplasmodial compounds yielded seven lanostanes (1-7), of which three (2, 3, and 7) were new. A new benzofuran derivative (8) of the farnesyl hydroquinone ganomycin B was also identified. The structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds. The lanostanes exhibited in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC(50) values from 6 to greater than 20 microM.
Skeletal Growth in Achondroplasia (1970)

We biopsied the iliac-crest cartilage and the upper fibular epiphyseal plates of seven achondroplastic children and the iliac crest of two more. Histologically the iliac-crest cartilage and its growth plate were nearly normal. The fibular growth plate had cartilage-cell clusters separated by wide septa of fibrous matrix which appeared to be very slowly and irregularly resorbed at the vascular front. Bone formation was normal in the iliac wing and was very stunted in the fibular metaphysis. Bone formed normally in the fibular head, at the insertions of the biceps tendon and collateral knee ligament, and in the periosteum. The peculiar skeletal development in the child with achondroplasia can be explained on the basis of these histological observations.
Mitochondrial Ca <sup>2+</sup> uptake contributes to buffering cytoplasmic Ca <sup>2+</sup> peaks in cardiomyocytes (2012)

Mitochondrial ability of shaping Ca(2+) signals has been demonstrated in a large number of cell types, but it is still debated in heart cells. Here, we take advantage of the molecular identification of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) and of unique targeted Ca(2+) probes to directly address this issue. We demonstrate that, during spontaneous Ca(2+) pacing, Ca(2+) peaks on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) are much greater than in the cytoplasm because of a large number of Ca(2+) hot spots generated on the OMM surface. Cytoplasmic Ca(2+) peaks are reduced or enhanced by MCU overexpression and siRNA silencing, respectively; the opposite occurs within the mitochondrial matrix. Accordingly, the extent of contraction is reduced by overexpression of MCU and augmented by its down-regulation. Modulation of MCU levels does not affect the ATP content of the cardiomyocytes. Thus, in neonatal cardiac myocytes, mitochondria significantly contribute to buffering the amplitude of systolic Ca(2+) rises.
Micromachines on the march (1994)

Miniature electromechanical sensors and actuators can be mass produced on silicon wafers much like ICs. They combine readily with signal-processing circuitry into powerful tools that measure, analyze, and control their environments. The authors describe the fabrication techniques, surface activity, atomic bonds, LIGA and SLIGA, and bury and destroy. The following applications are discussed: pressure sensors, medical equipment, industrial/consumer equipment, avionics, and mechanical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parameters regulating interfacial and mechanical properties of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (2000)

The performance of thermoplastic composites is known to depend on the intrinsic properties of the two composite components, the quality of the fiber–matrix interface, and the crystalline properties of their matrix. The objective of this work is to characterize the effect of the addition of modified polypropylene (PP) and silane coupling agent on the mechanical and interfacial properties of short fiber reinforced PP composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), single fiber composite fragmentation tests (SFC), and mechanical testing are used to understand the different parameters regulating the interfacial properties of composites. No influence of the modified PP on the level of crystallinity is observed. Some differences in the size of the spherulites are observed for acrylic acid grafted PP (PP-g-AA). Those samples also show lower mechanical properties in spite of good interfacial interactions. Maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MAh) leads to better mechanical performances than PP-g-AA. A high MAh content PP-g-MAh grade with low viscosity is the best polymeric additive used in the present work. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2047–2060, 2000
The Prefusogenic Intermediate of HIV-1 gp41 Contains Exposed C-peptide Regions (2003)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein is composed of a complex between the surface subunit gp120, which binds to cellular receptors, and the transmembrane subunit gp41. Upon activation of the envelope glycoprotein by cellular receptors, gp41 undergoes conformational changes that mediate fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Prior to formation of a fusogenic "trimer-of-hairpins" structure, gp41 transiently adopts a prefusogenic conformation whose structural features are poorly understood. An important approach toward understanding structural conformations of gp41 during HIV-1 entry has been to analyze the structural targets of gp41 inhibitors. We have constructed epitope-tagged versions of 5-Helix, a designed protein that binds to the C-peptide region of gp41 and inhibits HIV-1 membrane fusion. Using these 5-Helix variants, we examined which conformation of gp41 is the target of 5-Helix. We find that although 5-Helix binds poorly to native gp41, it binds strongly to gp41 activated by interaction of the envelope protein with either soluble CD4 or membrane-bound cellular receptors. This preferential interaction with activated gp41 results in the accumulation of 5-Helix on the surface of activated cells. These results strongly suggest that the gp41 prefusogenic intermediate is the target of 5-Helix and that this intermediate has a remarkably "open" structure, with exposed C-peptide regions. These results provide important structural information about this intermediate that should facilitate the development of HIV-1 entry inhibitors and may lead to new vaccine strategies.
Antimicrobial peptides (2011)

Complicated schemes of classical breeding and their drawbacks, environmental risks imposed by agrochemicals, decrease of arable land, and coincident escalating damages of pests and pathogens have accentuated the necessity for highly efficient measures to improve crop protection. During co-evolution of host-microbe interactions, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have exhibited a brilliant history in protecting host organisms against devastation by invading pathogens. Since the 1980s, a plethora of AMPs has been isolated from and characterized in different organisms. Nevertheless the AMPs expressed in plants render them more resistant to diverse pathogens, a more orchestrated approach based on knowledge of their mechanisms of action and cellular targets, structural toxic principle, and possible impact on immune system of corresponding transgenic plants will considerably improve crop protection strategies against harmful plant diseases. This review outlines the current knowledge on different modes of action of AMPs and then argues the waves of AMPs’ ectopic expression on transgenic plants’ immune system.
The wrapper algorithm: surface extraction and simplification (2002)

The wrapper algorithm (Gueziec and Hummel, 1994) is a rapid and efficient algorithm for extracting and representing surfaces defined as isosurfaces in digitized volumetric data. Unlike the marching cubes algorithm (Lorensen and Cline, 1987), and in agreement with the Payne-Toga algorithm (1990), the authors further decompose the cubical mesh associated with the sampled data into tetrahedral cells. They guarantee the resulting surface representation to be closed and oriented, defined by a valid triangulation of the surface of the body, which in turn is presented as a collection of tetrahedra, some of which are only partly filled. The surface is extracted as a collection of closed triangles, where each triangle is an oriented closed curve contained within a single tetrahedron. The authors' method is an extension of the work of Doi and Koide (1991). In particular, the surface extraction process is followed by a simplification algorithm, which typically provides between 10 and 20 to 1 compression ratios in the surface representation while respecting a maximum distance bound to the original surface, and without noticeable degradation in surface fidelity. The authors display surfaces of the cranium from CT-scans and cortical surfaces from MR-scans at full resolution as well as synthetic surfaces, which have been extracted and simplified by their method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>