gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hologram Interferometry Using Two Reference Beams (1968)

A double-exposure hologram interferometer using two reference beams is described which restores fringe visibility after processing and permits to obtain various fringe patterns from a single hologram. It has been successfully applied to the deformation measurements on an object of local variations in lateral translations. Experiments are also presented on changing fringe patterns suitable to interpretations. Expressions were derived for the localization of fringes of diffusely reflecting objects and compared with the experimental results. A good agreement was obtained between them.
Simultaneous reception from a whole-volume coil and a surface coil on a clinical MR system. (1988)

Simultaneous acquisition of signals from the same anatomic region with use of both the head or body coil and a surface coil was demonstrated on healthy volunteers with a commercial magnetic resonance imaging system and a hybrid combiner. An improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) over that which is obtained with the surface coil alone was demonstrated at depths of 3-4 cm and greater from the surface of the body. The practical necessity of use of the hybrid combiner to add the signals created several problems, such as the inability to obtain the predicted increase in S/N in certain areas and an actual decrease in S/N close to the surface coil. These problems would have been avoided with the use of two separate data channels. The only problem intrinsic to the method is a "wraparound" of structures and motion artifacts onto the field of view.
A very low operation current InGaAsP/InP total internal reflection optical switch using p/n/p/n current blocking layers (1994)

A very low operation current (20 mA) has been achieved for the first time with an InGaAsP/InP total-internal-reflection optical switch. The optical switch is fabricated on an n/sup +/-InP substrate using p/n/p/n current blocking layers. This switch has a large effective contact area and is a self-aligned structure. This is a promising result for making optical integrated circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FireWire system architecture (2nd ed.): IEEE 1394a (1999)

Very-low-calorie, fat-free defined-formula diets have been routinely used to treat obese patients. However, the effect of feeding a defined-formula diet low or devoid of essential fatty acids (EFAs) on EFA metabolism has not been determined. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of 400 kcal/day of Optifast 70 on EFA metabolism as determined by serum and adipose tissue levels of omega-6 fatty acids and measurements of in vitro human adipose tissue prostaglandin production. Five obese subjects entered the study after 1 wk of weight maintenance and then were placed on 12 wk of weight reduction. Blood and tissue samples were obtained before and after 4, 8, and 12 wk of weight reduction. Subjects tolerated 12 wk of dieting without any adverse reactions and lost an average of 21.7 +/- 7.0 kg. There was no significant effect of weight reduction on the levels of linoleic or arachidonic acid found in adipose tissue. There was a significant decrease in adipose tissue prostaglandin production of prostacyclin I2, measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, after 12 wk of weight reduction. There was no significant change in the levels of thromboxane A2, measured as TXB2. There was a significant increase in serum arachidonic acid levels with no change in linoleic acid levels. The results demonstrated that the use of a diet devoid of EFA had no significant effect on omega-6 EFA metabolism as measured by serum and tissue levels and the ability of adipose tissue to produce prostaglandins in vitro.
Histological observations on experimentally induced degeneration of articular cartilage. (1970)

A histological comparison of rabbit knee joints subjected to continuous compression, and relief of contact by resection of one femoral condyle, revealed common changes in articular cartilage, consisting in loss of matrix metachromasia and nuclear staining characteristics. Those joints subjected to compression showed hypertrophy of the subchondral bone while the joints relieved of contact demonstrated local osteoporosis. Persistence of the zone of calcified cartilage characterized the compressed joints, while the resected joints showed early subchondral vessel invasion and loss of the zone of calcified cartilage and tidemark.
Highly Efficient Generation of Radicals from Ester Enolates by the Ferrocenium Ion. Application to Selective α-Oxygenation and Dimerization Reactions of Esters (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHighly Efficient Generation of Radicals from Ester Enolates by the Ferrocenium Ion. Application to Selective α-Oxygenation and Dimerization Reactions of Esters†Ullrich JahnView Author Information Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 21, 7130–7131Publication Date (Web):September 30, 1998Publication History Received23 June 1998Published online30 September 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/jo981180mCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissions Article Views2257Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (41 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Enolates,Mixtures,Oligomers,Organic compounds,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
UTILIZATION OF E- WASTE AND PLASTIC BOTTLE WASTE IN CONCRETE (2013)

E-waste from electrical and electronic equipment, that may be old or might have reached end of life and plastic waste from plastic mineral and cold drink bottles were collected and grinded to size of 2 mm using pulverizing machine. The grinded pieces were rubbed against each other with friction roller machine designed and fabricated by the authors. It is done to develop roughness and make grinded pieces shape irregular so that they can bond well with cement when mixed with it. A mix design was done for M20 grade of concrete by IS method. Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade was selected. Grinded E-waste and plastic waste were replaced by 0%, 2%, and 4% of the fine aggregates. Compressive strength and flexural strength were tested and compared with control concrete. Experiments done shows increase in compressive strength by 5% and reduce cost of concrete production by 7% at optimum percentage of grinded waste. Grinded waste greater than 4.75mm in certain proportion act as a good filler material in concrete and on-going experiments are done to apply gap gradation by grinding the waste into specific sizes. This will ensure better packing density and hence good strength. Moreover decorative tiles were made with the grinded waste and white cement which give appealing look to the wall and are cheaper than the vitrified tiles.
Spatial Quantum Correlations in Multiple Scattered Light (2005)

We predict a new spatial quantum correlation in light propagating through a multiple scattering random medium. The correlation depends on the quantum state of the light illuminating the medium, is infinite in range, and dominates over classical mesoscopic intensity correlations. The spatial quantum correlation is revealed in the quantum fluctuations of the total transmission or reflection through the sample and should be readily observable experimentally.
The Deployment of Visual Attention (2003)

Abstract : This is the final report summarizing research on the deployment of attention in visual search. In visual search, observers look for targets among distractor items. Models of search had assumed that items were sampled without replacement. items, rejected as distractors, would not be revisited during the search. Research reported here falsifies that hypothesis. Our data are consistent with sampling with replacement - no use of information about rejected distractors. The data do not reject models that posit small amounts of memory for rejected distractors (e.g. don't revisit the last N rejected items; N < 7). why is search so apparently random? Observers could have the benefits of memory for rejected distractors if they searched in an orderly manner (e.g. reading a display from left to right). Our second line of experiments shows that the temporal costs of such a strategy are too high. Left to its own devices, covert visual search proceeds at about 20-30 items/second. Commanded shifts of attention proceed at only 3-5 shifts/second. For the tasks used here, anarchic covert search will be faster than commanded, orderly search. Our Guided Search model is adapted readily to search with replacement. Nature may have stumbled on a way to perform sophisticated search tasks with simple tools.
The Nuts and “Bots” of Our Future [Editor's Remarks (2010)

I have recently returned from the US after attending the 2010 IEEE Panel of Editors (PoE) meeting at New Brunswick. On the 18-hour flight back home, I was thinking if the courteous stewardesses could one day be replaced by intelligent robots serving my favorite meal. Imagine asking a robot to prepare a cup of cappuccino and bringing it to you.
Development and evaluation of a sublingual film of the antiemetic granisetron hydrochloride (2014)

The objective of this study was to develop an oral transmucosal formulation of an antiemetic drug that can not only serve in the active form but also provide a controlled release proﬁle. In this study, sublingual films based on the biodegradable and water-soluble polymers, that is HPMCK-4M and PVPK-30, were developed by the solvent casting method, and were loaded with the antiemetic drug granisetron hydrochloride (granisetron HCl). The entrapment efficiency of the developed formulation was found to be 86%. The in vitro profile showed an instant release of the drug from the sublingual film, in a pattern following the first order kinetics array. The in vivo studies showed that granisetron HCl was delivered in its active state and showed effective results, as compared to its activity in the marketed formulation.
Chemistry Inorganic and Organic with Experiments. (1923)

It is fifty-six years since the first edition of Bloxam's Chemistry was published. The last previous edition appeared ten years ago. The book is a hand reference work for teachers, students and others who desire a broad but brief exposition of chemistry. Those who are familiar with the more recent editions will appreciate the added material required by the progress of the science in the last decade. The new matter includes a short account of the present views on the structure of the atom, the quantum theory and crystal structure, while some subjects, such as spectroscopy, have been rewritten and expanded. To keep the space within reasonable limits, the text has been condensed and the type reduced slightly in size. Because of the vast amount of information given, each subject is necessarily treated briefly. The chapter on radium and other radioactive substances should prove useful to physicians. Some of the
Fault Tolerant Circuit Topology and Control Method for Input-Series and Output-Parallel Modular DC-DC Converters (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a modular, fault tolerant dc-dc converter topology that utilizes common duty ratio control to ensure equal sharing of input voltage and output current in input-series output-parallel configuration. The input-series connection allows the use of low voltage MOSFET's optimized for very low <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$R_{DS,ON}$</tex></formula> resulting in lower conduction losses. The common-duty-ratio scheme does not require a dedicated control loop for input voltage or output current sharing. The fault tolerant protection and control scheme accommodates failure of one or more modules, and ensures input voltage and load current sharing among the remaining healthy modules. The design of a new sensing scheme for detection of fault is presented. The analysis of the topology and the underlying principles are presented. The dependence of peak current from the source and in the protection switch in case of failure of a single converter has been analyzed and the various design tradeoff issues are discussed. The theoretical predictions are validated with simulation and experimental results. The proposed method is simple and gives good dynamic response to changes in input, load, and during fault. This topology is especially suited for space applications where a high level of fault tolerance can be achieved through designed redundancy. </para>
Integrated Energy and Catalyst Thermal Management for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2018)

With plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the catalyst temperature is below the light-off temperature due to reduced engine load, extended engine off period, and frequent engine on/off shifting. The conversion efficiency of a three-way catalyst (TWC) and tailpipe emissions were proven to depend heavily on the temperature of the catalyst. The existing energy management strategy (EMS) of the PHEVs focuses on the improvement of fuel efficiency and emissions based on hot engine characteristics, but neglects the effect of catalyst temperature on tailpipe emissions. This paper presents a new EMS that incorporates a catalyst thermal management method. First, an additional cost is established to implement additional constraints on catalyst temperature, and then the global cost function is created using this additional cost and the fuel consumption. Second, we find the global optimal solution using Pontryagin’s minimum principle method, which provides an optimal control policy and state trajectories. Then, based on the analysis of the optimal control policy, an engine on/off filter (eng on/off filter) is introduced to command the engine on/off shifting. This filter plays an important role in adjusting both the energy and catalyst thermal management strategy for PHEVs. Finally, a practical approach based on the eng on/off filter is developed, and a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the time constants of this filter. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach‘s fuel consumption increased slightly, but the tailpipe emissions of HC (hydrocarbons), CO (carbon monoxide) and NOx (nitrogen oxide) significantly decreased compared with the standard approach.
Use of cDNA microarray in the search for molecular markers involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease dementia (2001)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting as many as 4 million older persons and results from abnormal changes in the brain that most likely begin long before cognitive impairment and other clinical symptoms become apparent. Thus, efforts aimed at identifying methods of early detection and diagnosis for improving AD care might be the most appropriate strategy to initiate promising new treatments and/or prevention. We used cDNA microarray technology to investigate the sequence of changes in gene expression in brain that may take place during the transition from normal cognitive functioning through the early stages of impairment to frank AD. We examined the expression of approximately 7,000 genes in the brains of cases at the early stage of AD dementia using reference sample cases characterized by normal cognitive status. Genes that are differentially regulated in early AD cases were identified and were categorized into gene clusters based on similarities in biological functions. This analysis revealed that selected biological processes, including protein and amino acid metabolism, cytoskeleton integrity, and fatty acid metabolism, are involved in early phases of AD dementia. Most notable is the observation that selected genes involved in neurotransmitter release are differentially regulated in the brains of cases at high risk for dementia. This evidence supports the feasibility and usefulness of cDNA microarray techniques to study sequential changes of distinctive gene-expression patterns in the brain as a function of the progression of AD dementia. The study suggests new means to dissect and classify stages of AD dementia, or neuropathology, at the molecular level.
Efficient peptide–MHC-I binding prediction for alleles with few known binders (2007)

Abstract Motivation: In silico methods for the prediction of antigenic peptides binding to MHC class I molecules play an increasingly important role in the identification of T-cell epitopes. Statistical and machine learning methods in particular are widely used to score candidate binders based on their similarity with known binders and non-binders. The genes coding for the MHC molecules, however, are highly polymorphic, and statistical methods have difficulties building models for alleles with few known binders. In this context, recent work has demonstrated the utility of leveraging information across alleles to improve the performance of the prediction. Results: We design a support vector machine algorithm that is able to learn peptide–MHC-I binding models for many alleles simultaneously, by sharing binding information across alleles. The sharing of information is controlled by a user-defined measure of similarity between alleles. We show that this similarity can be defined in terms of supertypes, or more directly by comparing key residues known to play a role in the peptide–MHC binding. We illustrate the potential of this approach on various benchmark experiments where it outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Availability: The method is implemented on a web server: http://cbio.ensmp.fr/kiss. All data and codes are freely and publicly available from the authors. Contact: laurent.jacob@ensmp.fr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Scavenging action of zinc and green tea polyphenol on cisplatin and nickel induced nitric oxide generation and lipid peroxidation in rats. (2004)

It is proposed that inhibition of ROS and NO by GTP and zinc may prove useful as a selective pharmacological agent in the amelioration of metal toxicity.
Interactions of low density lipoprotein2 and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins with lipoprotein(a). (1988)

Studies were undertaken to investigate potential interactions among plasma lipoproteins. Techniques used were low density lipoprotein2 (LDL2)-ligand blotting of plasma lipoproteins separated by nondenaturing 2.5-15% gradient gel electrophoresis, ligand binding of plasma lipoproteins by affinity chromatography with either LDL2 or lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) as ligands, and agarose lipoprotein electrophoresis. Ligand blotting showed that LDL2 can bind to Lp(a). When apolipoprotein(a) was removed from Lp(a) by reduction and ultracentrifugation, no interaction between LDL2 and reduced Lp(a) was detected by ligand blotting. Ligand binding showed that LDL2-Sepharose 4B columns bound plasma lipoproteins containing apolipoproteins(a), B, and other apolipoproteins. The Lp(a)-Sepharose column bound lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B and other apolipoproteins. Furthermore, the Lp(a) ligand column bound more lipoprotein lipid than the LDL2 ligand column, with the Lp(a) ligand column having a greater affinity for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Lipoprotein electrophoresis of a mixture of LDL2 and Lp(a) demonstrated a single band with a mobility intermediate between that of LDL2 and Lp(a). Chemical modification of the lysine residues of apolipoprotein B (apoB) by either acetylation or acetoacetylation prevented or diminished the interaction of LDL2 with Lp(a), as shown by both agarose electrophoresis and ligand blotting using modified LDL2. Moreover, removal of the acetoacetyl group from the lysine residues of apoB by hydroxylamine reestablished the interaction of LDL2 with Lp(a). On the other hand, blocking of--SH groups of apoB by iodoacetamide failed to show any effect on the interaction between LDL2 and Lp(a). Based on these observations, it was concluded that Lp(a) interacts with LDL2 and other apoB-containing lipoproteins which are enriched in triglyceride; this interaction is due to the presence of apolipoprotein(a) and involves lysine residues of apoB interacting with the plasminogen-like domains (kringle 4) of apolipoprotein(a). Such results suggest that Lp(a) may be involved in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism, could form transient associations with apoB-containing lipoproteins in the vascular compartment, and alter the intake by the high affinity apoB, E receptor pathway.
Recognition of rabies and rabies-related viruses by T cells derived from human vaccine recipients (1988)

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T-cell lines and clones from individuals immunized with rabies PM vaccine were tested for the ability to recognize antigenic determinants in rabies and rabies-related viruses in an antigen-induced proliferation assay. Some, but not all, of the T cells from these individuals cross-reacted with various laboratory strains of rabies virus with rabies-related viruses such as Duvenhage and Mokola. In addition, these T cells were shown to react with epitopes of either the ribonucleoprotein or the viral glycoprotein. Rabies-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses by a CD4+ T-cell line were evident against antigenic determinants of the ribonucleoprotein and glycoprotein.
12.2: Large‐Area Poly‐Si on Glass by UV Scan Heating (2002)

Abstract The amorphous silicon (a‐Si)over 300 × 350 mm 2 could be completely crystallized by using silicide mediated crystallization (SMC)of a‐Si by means of UV scan heating. A‐Si having a 2.0 × 10 13 atoms/cm 2 Ni area density was crystallized in 10 minutes without having amorphous phase inside and the grain size was ∼20 μm. The field effect mobilities and threshold voltages of the p‐channel poly‐Si TFTs were 35 ∼ 40 cm 2 /Vs and 0.6 ∼ 0.7 V/dec, respectively, over 300 × 350 mm 2 .
Depth Aware Portrait Segmentation Using Dual Focus Images (2018)

The rapid development of camera in hand-held devices and the emergence of social media has led to an uprise in capturing self-portrait images. Augmenting these images for beautification or applying special effects to mimic DSLR camera has become a popular practice. Most of these effects require separation of foreground from background where the effect can be applied solely on background. To employ such effects on portrait (upper half of human body) images, a pixel-accurate segmentation is imperative. In this paper, we propose an effective method of fast depth aware CNN based portrait segmentation from monocular images. The proposed method is capable of being deployed on mobile phones, within the constraints of time and memory. On the segmented images, we demonstrate the application of bokeh effect, which blurs out-of-focus regions. We experiment with different combinations of state of the art encoder and decoder networks for segmentation and infer that our proposed method can improve the inference speed by 76 ms on mobile device while maintaining an accuracy of 97.0 %.