gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low damage etching of InGaAs/AlGaAs by the electron cyclotron resonance plasma with Cl2/He mixture for heterojunction bipolar transistors (1994)

Low damage InGaAs/AlGaAs etching was realized by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma with a Cl2/He mixture for heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) emitter mesa formation. By optimizing the etching pressure and the Cl2/He ratio, n-InGaAs cap layer and n-AlGaAs emitter layer are successively etched and the smooth surface morphology was obtained. An optical emission measurement reveals that the enhancement of the ionized Cl etching plays the essential role for etching of InGaAs. Raman scattering spectra and the base contact resistance measurements indicate that the etching induced damage is extremely low. Moreover, it was found that the etching rate of p-AlGaAs base layer decreased down to two-thirds of that for n-AlGaAs emitter layer under the optimized etching condition. These results demonstrate the potentiality of ECR plasma etching with Cl2/He discharge providing degradation-free dry etching for AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs.
Reconfiguration of RAID-like data layouts in distributed storage systems (2004)

Summary form only given. Clustering of several storage servers is a common way to build fast and fault tolerant storage systems. One application can be found in the context of parallel programs that already run on clustered systems and need to write and read a huge amount of data from and to disks. Another application field are Web and video streaming server that cause intense data transfer from and to disks. A distributed storage system is reviewed under the aspect of fault tolerance and reconfiguration of the data layout after faults. Data objects are stored in a data layout according to RAID level 3 among disk subsystems of different computers. Concurrent up-and down-streaming of data is provided by a technique that ensures data consistency. This consistency has been found to be beneficial for concurrent access and reconfiguration. Beyond, the system does not need a meta-data server, which often represents a bottleneck for distributed storage systems.
Rules of Nomenclature for Fungi and Bacteria (1954)

SUMMARY: Attention is drawn to certain requirements of the current International Botanical and Bacteriological Codes of Nomenclature, with special reference to the denoting of categories, the proposal of new species, and the changing of names; three procedures commonly encountered by authors and editors. The requirements for the proposal of new specific names of fungi and bacteria are: General requirements. The name chosen must be in Latin binomial form and should be coined according to the practices set out in the Codes (Bact. Code, Rules, 6, 27, 28, Appendix A; Bot. Code, Art. 33, 82, Rec. 83A). The name must be effectively published. (It is desirable that scientific journals in which new taxa are proposed should indicate the exact date of publication of the parts.) The name must be validated by a concise description (the diagnosis) of the diagnostic features of the new taxon. (The diagnostic features should not have to be deduced from an exhaustive account of the organism possibly spread over several pages.) The description should, whenever possible, be accompanied by illustrations of which the scale and the specimen(s) on which they are based should be stated. All measurements should be in the metric system. The date of collection or isolation of the type material should be given together with the precise locality and the substrate or host (the last being designated by its scientific name). The location of the type should be stated. The etymology of the name should be explained. Special requirements for fungi. The diagnosis must be in Latin (Bot. Code, Art. 44). The type specimen should be deposited, if possible, in a national herbarium, and if the type is a collection and portions are deposited in several herbaria then one of these isotypes should be designated as the holotype. Special requirements for bacteria. No Latin diagnosis is required but ‘in works written in a language unfamiliar to the majority of workers in bacteriology, it is recommended that the authors publish simultaneously the diagnosis in a more familiar language’ (Bact. Code, Rec. 12a). Subcultures of the type strains should be deposited at one or more of the national culture collections.
Effect of molecular packing on interfacial recombination of organic solar cells based on palladium phthalocyanine and perylene derivatives (2009)

Planar heterojunction solar cells made of three different perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) derivatives as acceptor and palladium phthalocyanine as donor are demonstrated. Electron-hole pair recombination at donor/acceptor interface was compared for three PTCDI derivative solar cells by optical modeling and the effect of molecular packing of the PTCDI derivatives on charge dissociation is discussed. We observed that PTCDI with hexyl chains has the highest charge separation efficiency among three PTCDI derivatives, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 2.0% in solar cells.
Azido‐BODIPY Acid Reveals Quantitative Staudinger–Bertozzi Ligation in Two‐Step Activity‐Based Proteasome Profiling (2008)

Flexibility in protein profiling: Employing the new bifunctional fluorophore azido-BODIPY acid we have synthesized a compatible set of one-step and two-step proteasome probes and demonstrate that with these the efficiency of the Staudinger–Bertozzi ligation in the two-step activity-based protein profiling of the proteasome catalytic activities is easily established. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z800231_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Efficient LINC Amplification for 5G through Ring-Type Magnitude Modulation (2015)

The upcoming 5G generation is driven the expected huge growth in user bit rates and overall system throughput. This means a substantial spectral efficiency increase, which must be achieved while maintaining or even improving the power efficiency. To overcome the necessity of using inefficient linear HPA in typical communication systems, this paper addresses the use of the LINC technique for power amplification, since it employs grossly NL HPA that are simpler and much more energy efficient than the linear ones. However, this technique's efficiency is harshly damaged for signals with a large PAPR, as for systems employing high order spectral efficient modulations and/or close to Nyquist bandwidth limiting pulse-shaping, due mainly to the LINC signal separation and power combining procedures. However, given that any M-ary constellation can be split as a sum of several OQPSK signals, a new MM method is proposed for OQPSK signals with bandwidth close to Nyquist, that limit both maximum and minimum envelope excursions of the signal without spreading its spectrum. This method is also shown to improve the transmitter's resilience to small gain and phase imbalances between the LINC's amplifiers. The proposed scheme can play a critical role on the upcoming 5G, since arranging several units of the proposed transmitter in an array/parallel configuration has the potential to simultaneously achieve the required high power and spectral efficiency.
A Method for Forecasting the Commercial Air Traffic Schedule in the Future (1999)

This report presents an integrated set of models that forecasts air carriers'' future operations when delays due to limited terminal-area capacity are considered. This report models the industry as a whole, avoiding unnecessary details of competition among the carriers. To develop the schedule outputs, we first present a model to forecast the unconstrained flight schedules in the future, based on the assumption of rational behavior of the carriers. Then we develop a method to modify the unconstrained schedules, accounting for effects of congestion due to limited NAS capacities. Our underlying assumption is that carriers will modify their operations to keep mean delays within certain limits. We estimate values for those limits from changes in planned block times reflected in the OAG. Our method for modifying schedules takes many means of reducing the delays into considerations, albeit some of them indirectly. The direct actions include depeaking, operating in off-hours, and reducing hub airports; operations. Indirect actions include using secondary airports, using larger aircraft, and selecting new hub airports, which, we assume, have already been modeled in the FAA''s TAF. Users of our suite of models can substitute an alternative forecast for the TAF.
Selective and tandem amplification of a member of the metallothionein gene family in Candida glabrata. (1990)

Metallothioneins constitute a multigene family in the yeast Candida glabrata. Two genes, designated metallothionein-I (MT-I) and one member of the metallothionein-II family (MT-II), were cloned and sequenced previously (Mehra, R. K., Garey, J. R., Butt, T. R., Gray, W. R., and Winge, D. R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 19747-19753). Southern analysis of the genomic DNA samples from different wild-type isolates indicated that the MT-I gene was always present as a single copy but multiple (3-9) and tandemly arranged copies of one MT-II gene were present in different strains. Strains of C. glabrata highly resistant to copper salts were obtained by repeated culturing of wild-type isolates in medium containing increasing concentrations of copper sulfate. These strains showed further stable chromosomal amplification (greater than 30 copies) of the MT-II gene. The MT-I gene remained as a single copy. Amplified copies of the MT-II gene were always arranged tandemly. One of the copper-resistant strains acquired more copies of the MT-II gene by apparent duplication of the chromosome carrying this gene. The size of the amplification unit was 1.25 kilobases. The principal MT-I and -II genes of C. glabrata were shown to map to different chromosomes by electrophoretic karyotypic analysis. The length of chromosome carrying MT-II gene increased appreciably in strains exhibiting the highest amplification of this gene. Northern analysis showed increased basal levels of MT-II mRNA in strains having highly amplified MT-II locus.
New developments and clinical transition of hyaluronic acid-based nanotherapeutics for treatment of cancer: reversing multidrug resistance, tumour-specific targetability and improved anticancer efficacy (2017)

This review aims to overview and critically analyses recent developments in achieving tumour-specific delivery of anticancer agents, maximizing anticancer efficacy, and mitigating tumour progression and off-target effects. Stemming from critical needs to develop target-specific delivery vehicles in cancer therapy, various hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated nanomedicines have been fabricated owing to their biocompatibility, safety, tumour-specific targetability of drugs and genes, and proficient interaction with cluster-determinant-44 (CD44) receptors over-expressed on the surface of tumour cells. HA-based conjugation or surface modulation of anticancer drugs encapsulated nanocarriers have shown promising efficacy against the various types of carcinomas of liver, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, lung, skin, ovarian, cervical, head and neck and gastric. The success of this emerging platform is assessed in achieving the rapid internalization of anticancer payloads into the tumour cells, impeding cancer cells division and proliferation, induction of cancer-specific apoptosis and prevention of metastasis (tumour progression). This review extends detailed insight into the engineering of HA-based nanomedicines, characterization, utilization for the diagnosis or treatment of CD44 over-expressing cancer subtypes and emphasizing the transition of nanomedicines to clinical cancer therapy.
Capacitor array structure and switching control scheme to reduce capacitor mismatch effects for SAR analog-to-digital converters (2010)

This paper presents a new capacitor array structure developed for SAR analog-to-digital converters and its switching algorithm that can alleviate capacitor mismatch effects. The capacitor mismatch can induce many missing codes. The proposed capacitor array structure is based on the junction-splitting method as is efficient in terms of power consumption. To reduce the capacitor mismatch effects, two capacitor arrays are employed to enable redundant search. Simulation results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the number of missing codes caused by the capacitance mismatch, and reduces the energy consumption by more than 70% compared to the conventional charge redistribution method.
Confocal Raman microscopy can quantify advanced glycation end product (AGE) modifications in Bruch's membrane leading to accurate, nondestructive prediction of ocular aging (2007)

The modification of proteins by nonenzymatic glycation leading to accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a well-established phenomenon of aging. In the eyes of elderly patients, these adducts have been observed in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), particularly within the underlying pentalaminar substrate known as Bruch's membrane. AGEs have also been localized to age-related subcellular deposits (drusen and basal laminar deposits) and are thought to play a pathogenic role in progression of the major sight-threatening condition known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The current study has quantified AGEs in Bruch's membrane from postmortem eyes and established age-related correlations. In particular, we investigated the potential of confocal Raman microscopy to identify and quantify AGEs in Bruch's membrane in a nondestructive, analytical fashion. Bruch's membrane and the innermost layers of the underlying choroid (BM-Ch) were dissected from fresh postmortem eye-cups (n=56). AGE adducts were quantified from homogenized tissue using reverse-phase HPLC and GC/MS in combination with immunohistochemistry. For parallel Raman analysis, BM-Ch was flat-mounted on slides and evaluated using a Raman confocal microscope and spectra analyzed by a range of statistical approaches. Quantitative analysis showed that the AGEs pentosidine, carboxymethyllysine (CML), and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) occurred at significantly higher levels in BM-Ch with age (P<0.05-0.01). Defined Raman spectral "fingerprints" were identified for various AGEs and these were observed in the clinical samples using confocal Raman microscopy. The Raman data set successfully modeled AGEs and not only provided quantitative data that compared with conventional analytical approaches, but also provided new and complementary information via a nondestructive approach with high spatial resolution. It was shown that the Raman approach could be used to predict chronological age of the clinical samples (P<0.001) and a difference in the Raman spectra between genders was highly significant (P<0.000001). With further development, this Raman-based approach has the potential for noninvasive examination of AGE adducts in living eyes and ultimately to assess their precise pathogenic role in age-related diseases.
Hydrogenation of Fischer−Tropsch Synthetic Crude (2007)

Fischer−Tropsch Synthetic Crude is high in olefinicity and needs further hydroprocessing to conform to fuel specifications such as oxidation stability. Different catalysts, that is, sulfided NiMo/Al2O3, CoMo/Al2O3, and unsulfided Ni/Al2O3, have been used, and a kinetic model has been derived for the hydrogenation of Fischer−Tropsch Synthetic Crude. The kinetic model allows for predicting process conditions necessary to meet mandatory fuel specifications and market requirements as well as to compare the catalytic activity of these different hydrogenation catalysts on the basis of the kinetic parameters.
Pulmonary Involvement in Patients with HTLV-I-associated Myelopathy: Increased Soluble IL-2 Receptors in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (1989)

A chronic spastic myelopathy associated with HTLV-I infection (HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: HAM) shows subclinical pulmonary involvement with bronchoalveolar T lymphocytosis. In the present study, we investigated 18 patients with HAM: five HTLV-I carriers without myelopathy and 13 normal control subjects seronegative for HTLV-I to determine if soluble IL-2 receptors (IL-2R), a marker of lymphocyte activation, were increased in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from HAM patients. Serum IL-2R levels were significantly increased in patients with HAM as compared to normal control subjects (HAM versus control subjects: 633 +/- 395 versus 278 +/- 53 U/ml, p less than 0.01). There was also an increase of serum IL-2R levels in one of five HTLV-I carriers. BAL levels of soluble IL-2R were low but detectable in four normal control subjects and in one HTLV-I carrier. In HAM patients, however, soluble IL-2R levels in BAL fluid were remarkably elevated (173 +/- 110 U/mg of albumin) and were nearly 13 times higher on average than in serum (BAL fluid/serum ratio: 13 +/- 10). In patients with HAM, lavage IL-2R levels correlated well with the number of T lymphocytes (CD3+ cells) and CD4+ cells in BAL fluid (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, BAL lymphocytes obtained from HAM patients synthesized DNA spontaneously when cultured in vitro. These results suggest that, in HAM, T lymphocytes increased in the lung are activated locally to produce soluble IL-2R. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that immunologic mechanism(s) may play an important role in the development of pulmonary lesions in HAM patients.
Automated facial feature detection and face recognition using Gabor features on range and portrait images (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel identity verification system based on Gabor features extracted from range (3D) representations of faces. Multiple landmarks (fiducials) on a face are automatically detected using these Gabor features. Once the landmarks are identified, the Gabor features on all fiducials of a face are concatenated to form a feature vector for that particular face. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector while maximizing the discrimination power. These novel features were tested on 1196 range images. The same features were also extracted from portrait images, and the accuracies of both modalities were compared. A superior verification accuracy was obtained using the range data, and a highly competitive accuracy to that of other techniques in the literature was also obtained for the portrait data.
An Intrusion Action-Based IDS Alert Correlation Analysis and Prediction Framework (2019)

Since the rapid development of the internet, the emergence of network intrusion has become the focus of studies for scholars and security enterprises. As an important device for detecting and analyzing malicious behaviors in networks, IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems) is widely deployed in enterprises, organizations and plays a very important role in cyberspace security. The massive log data produced by IDS not only contains information about intrusion behaviors but also contains potential intrusion patterns. Through normalizing, correlating, and modeling data, we can obtain the patterns of different intrusion scenarios. Based on the previous works in the area of alert correlation and analyzing, this paper proposed a framework named IACF (Intrusion Action Based Correlation Framework), which improved the process of alert aggregating, action extraction, and scenario discovery, and applied a novel method for extracting intrusion sessions based on temporal metrics. The proposed framework utilized a new grouping method for raw alerts based on the concept of intrinsic strong correlations, rather than the conventional time windows and hyper alerts. For discovering high stable correlations between actions, redundant actions and action link modes are removed from sessions by a pruning algorithm to reduce the impact of false positives, finally, a correlation graph is constructed by fusing the pruned sessions, based on the correlation graph, a prediction method for the future attack is proposed. The experiment result shows that the framework is efficient in alert correlation and intrusion scenario construction.
Differential expression and localization of de-novo synthesized endometriotic haptoglobin in endometrium and endometriotic lesions (2000)

Endometriosis protein-I (ENDO-I) mRNA expression and protein localization were evaluated using in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in endometriotic lesions and eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis, and in eutopic endometrium from women without endometriosis (controls). When present, ENDO-I mRNA and protein were observed in the functionalis zone of endometrial stroma and the stroma of endometriotic lesions. Expression and localization differences were scored and statistically analysed. During the secretory stage, ENDO-I mRNA expression by endometriotic lesions and eutopic endometrium from women with disease was significantly greater than ENDO-I mRNA expression by proliferative stage eutopic endometrium from women with disease or eutopic endometrium from controls, regardless of cycle stage (P < 0.001). More ENDO-I protein was localized in endometriotic lesions and eutopic endometrium from women with disease than in eutopic endometrium from controls, regardless of cycle stage (P < 0.001). Differential expression and localization of ENDO-I may help develop minimally invasive diagnostic strategies for endometriosis. Further, as ENDO-I shares nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence with hepatic haptoglobin-which in certain disease states is immunosuppressive and angiogenic-differences in ENDO-I expression and localization in the peritoneal cavity may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis and/or facilitate development of unprecedented diagnostic or therapeutic approaches for management of this enigmatic disease.
Blast Exposure (2010)

Blast exposure produces a unique set of vestibular disorders and associated symptoms that progress over time. Understanding the characteristics of these symptoms as they vary over time may be critical in designing treatment strategies that modify long-term outcome.
Object naming framework for the future internet (2012)

This document explains the concept of object to object communications and describes object identification for the Future Internet. In order to develop protocols for object to object communications, this document provides the naming architecture according to mapping relationships between host and object(s). In addition, considerations of protocols for naming object are specified.
Experimental research Effects of intravenous human umbilical cord blood CD34+ stem cell therapy versus levodopa (2013)

CD34+ cells ameliorated motor, biochemical and histological deficits in MPTP-parkinsonian mice, these effects were superior to those produced by levodopa that would be promising for the treatment of PD.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Sulfide Phosphors Coated with Barium Titanate Using Sol‐Gel Method. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.