gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time PTZ Camera with Detection and Classification Functionalities (2011)

본 논문에서는 카메라 자체에서 움직임을 검출하고 분류된 객체를 추척할 수 있는 지능형 PTZ 카메라 시스템을 제안하였다. 추적하고자 하는 객체가 검출되면 분류하고, 객체의 움직임에 따라 PTZ 카메라가 실시간으로 추적한다. 검출을 위해 GMM을 사용하였고 검출성능을 높이기 위해 그림자 제거 기법을 적용하였다. 검출된 객체의 분류를 위해 Legendre 모멘트를 적용하였다. 본 논문에서는 카메라의 초점 조절을 사용하지않고 영상의 중심과 객체와의 방향, 거리, 속도 정보만을 이용하여 PTZ 카메라의 움직임을 제어하는 방법을 제안하였다. TI DM6446 Davinci를 이용하여 실시간으로 객체의 검출, 분류와 추적이 가능한 카메라 시스템을 구성하였다. 실험 결과 사람과 차량을 구분하고, 움직임의 속도가 빠른 차량에 대해서도 본 추적시스템은 안정적으로 동작함을 확인하였다. In this paper we proposed an intelligent PTZ camera system which detects, classifies and tracks moving objects. If a moving object is detected, features are extracted for classification and then realtime tracking follows. We used GMM for detection followed by shadow removal. Legendre moment is used for classification. Without auto focusing, we can control the PTZ camera movement by using center points of the image and object's direction, distance and velocity. To implement the realtime system, we used TI DM6446 Davinci processor. Throughout the experiment, we obtained system's high performance in classification and tracking both at vehicle's normal and high speed motion.
The Communication of Uncertain Scientific Advice During Natural Hazard Events (2011)

During natural hazard crises such as earthquakes, tsunami, and volcanic eruptions, a number of critical challenges arise in emergency management decision-making. A multidisciplinary approach bridging psychology and natural hazard sciences has the potential to enhance the quality of these decisions. Psychological research into the public understanding of different phrasings of probability has identified that the framing, directionality and probabilistic format can influence peoples understanding, affecting their action choices. We present results identifying that translations of verbal to numerical probability phrases differ between scientists and non-scientists, and that translation tables such as those used for the International Panel on Climate Change reports should be developed for natural hazards. In addition we present a preliminary result illustrating that individuals may 'shift' the likelihood of an event towards the end of a time window.
Birefringence suppression of UV-induced refractive index with grooves in silica-based planar lightwave circuits (2005)

An effective method for suppressing the birefringence of a UV-induced refractive index change is demonstrated for phase trimming of waveguides in planar lightwave circuits. By employing grooves on both sides of the waveguide to control the UV-induced strain, a significant reduction is achieved from 1.46×10−4 to 0.11×10−4 in the UV-induced birefringence for a π phase shift averaged between the TE and TM modes in a 2 mm-long waveguide.
Experimentally Increasing the Compliance of Titin Through RNA Binding Motif-20 (RBM20) Inhibition Improves Diastolic Function In a Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2016)

Inhibition of the RNA binding motif-20-based titin splicing system upregulates compliant titins, which improves diastolic function and exercise tolerance in the TAC/DOCA model. Titin holds promise as a therapeutic target for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Acid-base properties of purine residues and the effect of metal ions: Quantification of rare nucleobase tautomers (2004)

Abstract The macro acidity constants valid for aqueous solutions of several adenine, guanine,and hypoxanthine derivatives are summarized. It is shown how the application of the corresponding constants, e.g., for 7,9-dimethyladenine, allows a quantification of the intrinsic acidic properties of the (N1)H 0/+ and (N7)H + sites via micro acidity constants, and how to use this information for the calculation of the tautomeric ratios regarding the monoprotonated species, that is, N7-N1*H versus H*N7-N1, meaning that in one isomer H + is at the N1 site and in the other at N7. It is further shown that different metal ions coordinated to a given site, e.g., N7, lead to a different extent of acidification, e.g., at (N1)H; the effect decreases in the series Cu 2+ >Ni 2+ >Pt 2+ ~Pd 2+ . Moreover, the application of micro acidity constants proves that the acidifications are reciprocal and identical. This means, Pt 2+ coordinated to (N1) –/0 sites in guanine, hypoxanthine, or adenine residues acidifies the (N7)H + unit to the same extent as (N7)-coordinated Pt 2+ acidifies the (N1)H 0/+ site. In other words, an apparently increased basicity of N7 upon Pt 2+ coordination at (N1) –/0 sites disappears if the micro acidity constants of the appropriate isocharged tautomers of the ligand are properly taken into account. There is also evidence that proton–proton interactions are more pronounced than divalent metal ion–proton interactions, and that these in turn are possibly larger than divalent metal ion–metal ion interactions. The indicated quantifications of the acid-base properties are meaningful for nucleic acids including the formation of certain nucleobase tautomers in low concentrations, which could give rise to mutations.
Reviews (2010)

RESEARCHING LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY METHODS AND APPROACHES' GLYNIS COUSIN (2009) Routeledge: Higher Education (Taylor and Francis), New York and UK, ISBN 978-0-415-99165-0 ART AND THEORY AFTER SOCIALISM, MEL JORDAN AND MALCOLM MILES (2008) Bristol, UK: Intellect Books, 125 pp, ISBN 978-1-84150-211-3 A HANDBOOK FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION, ENHANCING ACADEMIC PRACTICE, HEATHER FRY, STEVE KETTERIDGE AND STEPHANIE MARSHALL (2009) 3rd edn., 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 526 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-43464-5 (pbk) 27.99
Cover Picture: Preparation and Application of Novel Microspheres Possessing Autofluorescent Properties (Adv. Funct. Mater. 16/2007) (2007)

Abstract On p. 3153, Guang‐Hui Ma and co‐workers report on the development of autofluorescent chitosan microspheres with tunable color based on different crosslinking reagents and further chemical modification. The fluorescent intensity can also be controlled by the particle size and crosslinking degree. The autofluorescent microspheres may be useful in fluorescence assays as bright, inexpensive, and stable probes for qualitative and quantitative studies of biological interactions and drug delivery. Fluorescent microspheres are widely used as biological tracers. In this study, uniformly sized chitosan microspheres crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (CG microspheres) and formaldehyde (CF microspheres) are successfully prepared by the Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique. Selectively reduced CG microspheres (SRCG microspheres) are obtained by NaBH 4 reduction. These chitosan microspheres are found to exhibit fluorescent properties without conjugation to any fluorescent agent. The fluorescence color varies with different crosslinkers and can be modulated by further chemical reduction, whereas the fluorescence intensity can be controlled by tuning the particle size and degree of crosslinking. The autofluorescence of the microspheres is applied to study the phagocytosis of HepG2 cells using the microspheres as novel tracers. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that these chitosan microspheres serve as bright, inert, durable, and extremely photostable tracers.
Thermoreflectance in Semiconductors (1968)

The thermoreflectance spectra of Si, AlSb, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, HgSe, and HgTe are reported. Measurements were made on most materials at both room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The positions of the peaks observed are compared with previous reflectance and electroreflectance data. Some representative spectra were subjected to a Kramers-Kronig analysis, and the changes in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant, induced by the change in temperature of the sample, were obtained. The resulting line shapes are compared with those derived from elementary theory. In order to achieve reasonable agreement between theory and experiment, it is found necessary to invoke the presence of excitons at all the interband edges. It is demonstrated that, under certain conditions, the type of critical point involved in the transition can be identified.
High-temperature thin-film diamond field-effect transistor fabricated using a selective growth method (1991)

Selective growth of boron-doped homoepitaxial diamond films was achieved using sputtered SiO/sub 2/ as a masking layer. The hole mobility of selectively grown films varied between 210 and 290 cm/sup 2//V-s for hole concentration between 1.0*10/sup 14/ and 6.9*10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/. The technique was used to fabricate a thin-film diamond field-effect transistor operational at 300 degrees C. The channel resistance of the device is an exponential function of temperature. In combination with the selective growth method, this device can be used as a starting point for the development of high-temperature diamond-based integrated circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trade-off between reliability and post-CMP defects during recrystallization anneal for copper damascene interconnects (2002)

Thermal treatments of electroplated copper films before CMP can increase grain size and therefore reduce resistance and improve electromigration reliability. However, high temperature excursions can also increase the stress levels in thick metal layers due to differential thermal expansion, which in turn can increase the occurrence of post-CMP defects such as pullouts and line voids. In this paper, we discuss this trade-off between electromigration and defects and the influence of plating chemistry and barrier layer on reducing this tradeoff.
Study of explosive and shock parameters for Compaction of Powders (1990)

Abstract Compaction of aluminium, iron and tungsten powders of particle size 300 BSS has been studied by axisymmetrical geometry. Optimum explosive to powder mass ratio (E/M) to attain maximum density of compact has been determined for different tube diameters in each case. It has been observed that E/M ratio for smaller diameter tube is greater than that of bigger diameter tubes. Explosive and shock wave parameters like velocity of detonation and angle of conical shock wave have also been measured with sulphur coated pin oscillographic technique.
Infrared Image Colorization Using a S-Shape Network (2018)

This paper proposes a novel approach for colorizing near infrared (NIR) images using a S-shape network (SNet). The proposed approach is based on the usage of an encoder-decoder architecture followed with a secondary assistant network. The encoder-decoder consists of a contracting path to capture context and a symmetric expanding path that enables precise localization. The assistant network is a shallow encoder-decoder to enhance the edge and improve the output, which can be trained end-to-end from a few image examples. The trained model does not require any user guidance or a reference image database. Furthermore, our architecture will preserve clear edges within NIR images. Our overall architecture is trained and evaluated on a real-world dataset containing a significant amount of road scene images. This dataset was captured by a NIR camera and a corresponding RGB camera to facilitate side-by-side comparison. In the experiments, we demonstrate that our SNet works well, and outperforms contemporary state-of-the-art approaches.
Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues: Do the Executives Pay Attention? (2005)

When top executives scan the environment for strategic information, how much emphasis do they place on legal, ethical, and regulatory issues? Given recent ethical lapses at the corporate level, reflected both in the popular press and in academic circles, the question of whether and to what degree executives pay attention to these issues appears particularly timely. This paper describes the results of efforts aimed at exploring the relative emphasis manufacturing executives place on various external and internal elements when scanning the environment. Results generally confirm that legal, ethical, and regulatory issues are given low priority, and normative prescriptions emerge concerning environmental scanning behaviors and ethics.
Cell surface localization of a 72 kilodalton heat shock protein in retroocular fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (1992)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been implicated in autoimmune disease, although they are generally considered to be intracellular in location. We demonstrate that, under certain circumstances, the inducible intracellular 72 kilodalton HSP can also be detected on the surface of cells. We used cultured retroocular fibroblasts derived from patients with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and normal individuals in our studies. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated cell lysates, derived from surface-radioiodinated GO cell monolayers, resulted in a single band of appropriate molecular weight on the autoradiogram. Further, a bright cell surface staining pattern was observed when indirect immunofluorescence was performed using the same anti-HSP 72 monoclonal antibody on parallel cell cultures. No cell-surface HSP 72 reactivity was detected in normal retroocular fibroblast monolayers by either method. These results are the first demonstration, by immunoprecipitation of surface-labeled proteins, of HSP expression on the surface of cells. This localization of HSP 72 on the surface of affected cells obtained from patients with an autoimmune disease may have implications concerning the role of this molecule in autoimmunity in general, and particularly in the immune process of GO.
Cellotriose and Cellotetraose as Inducers of the Genes Encoding Cellobiohydrolases in the Basidiomycete <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> (2010)

The wood decay basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium produces a variety of cellobiohydrolases belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 6 and 7 in the presence of cellulose. However, no inducer of the production of these enzymes has yet been identified. Here, we quantitatively compared the transcript levels of the genes encoding GH family 6 cellobiohydrolase (cel6A) and GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase isozymes (cel7A to cel7F/G) in cultures containing glucose, cellulose, and cellooligosaccharides by real-time quantitative PCR, in order to evaluate the transcription-inducing effect of soluble sugars. Upregulation of transcript levels in the presence of cellulose compared to glucose was observed for cel7B, cel7C, cel7D, cel7F/G, and cel6A at all time points during cultivation. In particular, the transcription of cel7C and cel7D was strongly induced by cellotriose or cellotetraose. The highest level of cel7C transcripts was observed in the presence of cellotetraose, whereas the highest level of cel7D transcripts was found in the presence of cellotriose, amounting to 2.7 x 10(6) and 1.7 x 10(6) copies per 10(5) actin gene transcripts, respectively. These numbers of cel7C and cel7D transcripts were higher than those in the presence of cellulose. In contrast, cellobiose had a weaker transcription-inducing effect than either cellotriose or cellotetraose for cel7C and had little effect in the case of cel7D. These results indicate that cellotriose and cellotetraose, but not cellobiose, are possible natural cellobiohydrolase gene transcription inducers derived from cellulose.
The Recognition of Proteins and Peptides by Antibodies (2000)

(2000). The Recognition of Proteins and Peptides by Antibodies. Journal of Immunoassay: Vol. 21, No. 2-3, pp. 85-108.
Vaccination with Recombinant NY-ESO-1 Protein Elicits Immunodominant HLA-DR52b-restricted CD4+ T Cell Responses with a Conserved T Cell Receptor Repertoire (2009)

The identification of a DR52b-restricted epitope from ESO that is immunodominant in the context of vaccine-elicited immune responses is instrumental for the immunologic monitoring of vaccination trials targeting this important tumor antigen.
Tunable stoichiometry of SiO x - BaTiO y - BO z fabricated by multitarget pulsed laser deposition (2015)

Oxide materials of desired stoichiometry are challenging to make in small quantities. Nanostructured thin films of multiple oxide materials were obtained by using pulsed laser deposition and multiple independent targets consisting of Si, BaTiO3, and B. Programmable stoichiometry of nanostructured thin films was achieved by synchronizing a 248-nm krypton fluoride excimer laser at an energy of 300 mJ/pulse, a galvanometer mirror system, and the three independent target materials with a background pressure of oxygen. Island growth occurred on a per pulse basis; some 500 pulses are required to deposit 1 nm of material. The number of pulses on each target was programmed with a high degree of precision. Trends in material properties were systematically identified by varying the stoichiometry of multiple nanostructured thin films and comparing the resulting properties measured using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, capacitance measurements including relative permittivity and loss, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Films were deposited ∼150 to 907 nm thickness, and in situ ellipsometry data were modeled to calculate thickness n and k. A representative atomic force microscopy measurement was also collected. EDS, ellipsometry, and capacitance measurements were all performed on each of the samples, with one sample having a calculated permittivity greater than 20,000 at 1 kHz.
THE INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY AND ANTIDEPRESSANT PHARMACOGENETICS IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION (2000)

Antidepressant disposition can be influenced by a variety of CYP isozymes and their effects in the treatment of depression are reviewed. The CYP isozymes 2D6, 3A4, 1A2 and 2C are discussed in regard to antidepressant drug pharmacokinetics, clinical relevance and variability in activity for each isozyme. Polymorphism has been identified with CYP 2D6 and 2C19. Disposition of antidepressants which are substrates of these two isozymes can also be influenced and contributes towards the wide interpatient and interethnic variability found with these drugs. Antidepressants (especially SSRIs) can be CYP isozyme inhibitors and produce significant drug-drug interactions.
The α‐toxin of <i>Clostridium septicum</i> is essential for virulence (2005)

Clostridium septicum is the causative agent of spontaneous gas gangrene or atraumatic myonecrosis, a sudden and frequently fatal infection that is increasingly associated with malignancy of the colon. Little is known about the disease process although the focus of virulence studies has been the alpha-toxin, a pore-forming cytolysin that is encoded by the csa gene and secreted as an inactive protoxin. Until now a lack of techniques for the genetic manipulation of C. septicum has hindered the use of molecular approaches to understand pathogenesis. By introducing plasmids by conjugation from Escherichia coli, we have developed methods for the genetic manipulation of C. septicum and constructed a chromosomal csa mutant by allelic exchange. Virulence testing of an isogenic series of strains consisting of the wild type, the csa mutant, and a csa mutant complemented with the wild-type csa gene revealed that the development of fulminant myonecrosis in mice was dependent on the ability to produce a functional haemolytic alpha-toxin. Furthermore, the inhibition of leukocyte influx into the lesion, which is very typical of clostridial myonecrosis, was also dependent on the ability to produce alpha-toxin. This study represents the first definitive identification of a virulence factor in this organism and opens the way for further studies that will delineate the role of other putative virulence factors in this significant pathogen.
Transforming growth factor beta 1, a cytokine with regenerative functions (2016)

We review the biology and role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, as it relates to injuries to large nerve trunks (<i>i.e</i>., sciatic nerve, brachial plexus), which often leads to suboptimal functional recovery. Experimental studies have suggested that the reason for the lack of functional recovery resides in the lack of sufficient mature axons reaching their targets, which is a result of the loss of the growth-supportive environment provided by the Schwann cells in the distal stump of injured nerves. Using an established chronic nerve injury and delayed repair animal model that accurately mimics chronic nerve injuries in humans, we summarize our key findings as well as others to better understand the pathophysiology of poor functional recovery. We demonstrated that 6 month TGF-β1 treatment for chronic nerve injury significantly improved Schwann cell capacity to support axonal regeneration. When combined with forskolin, the effect was additive, as evidenced by a near doubling of regenerated axons proximal to the repair site. We showed that <i>in vivo</i> application of TGF-β1 and forskolin directly onto chronically injured nerves reactivated chronically denervated Schwann cells, induced their proliferation, and upregulated the expression of regeneration-associated proteins. The effect of TGF-β1 and forskolin on old nerve injuries is quite impressive and the treatment regiment appears to mediate a growth-supportive milieu in the injured peripheral nerves. In summary, TGF-β1 and forskolin treatment reactivates chronically denervated Schwann cells and could potentially be used to extend and prolong the regenerative responses to promote axonal regeneration.
Crucial role of decoherence for electronic transport in molecular wires: Polyaniline as a case study (2010)

In this work we attempt to elucidate the nature of conductivity in polymers by taking the acid-base doped polyaniline (PAni) polymer. We evaluate the PAni conductance by using realistic ab initio parameters and including decoherent processes within the minimal parametrization model of D'Amato-Pastawski. In contrast to general wisdom, which associates the conducting state with coherent propagation in a periodic polaronic lattice, we show that decoherence can account for high conductance in the strongly disordered bipolaronic lattice. Hence, according to our results, there is no need of considering a mix model of ``conducting'' polaronic lattice islands separated by ``insulating'' bipolaronic lattice strands as is usually assumed for PAni. We find that without dephasing events, even very short strands of bipolaronic lattices are not able to sustain electronic transport. We also include a discussion of specific mechanisms that should be involved in decoherence rates of PAni and relate them with Marcus-Hush theory of electron transfer.
Crystal Structures and Properties of Nylon Polymers from Theory (1996)

A complete force field (MSXX) for simulation of all nylon polymers is derived from ab initio quantum calculations. Special emphasis is given to the accuracy of the hydrogen bond potential for the amide unit and the torsional potential between the peptide and alkane fragments. The MSXX force field was used to predict the structures, moduli, and detailed geometries of all nine nylons for which there are experimental crystal data plus one other. For nylon-(2n) with 2n ≤ 6, the α crystal structure (with all-trans CH2 chains nearly coplanar with the hydrogen bonding plane) is more stable, while for 2n > 6, γ (with the alkane plane twisted by 70°) is more stable. This change results from the increased importance of methylene packing interactions over H bonds for larger 2n. We find the highest Young's modulus for nylon-7.