gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New mask technique for optical lithography--dummy diffraction mask (1993)

A new mask technique for resolution improvement and depth of focus enhancement is suggested and demonstrated with the simulation and experimental results. The structure of our suggestion has a dummy diffraction layer with simple grating patterns in addition to the main mask for patterning. The lithographic performance of the main mask pattern is largely enhanced and the fabrication of the mask has no critical problems. Through the detailed theoretical expansion of the optics for the new structure, simulation of the aerial image is carried out. And the experiments verify the results of simulation.
Lithium addition in treatment-resistant depression (1994)

The addition of lithium to antidepressants as a strategy for the management of depressed patients not responding to a tricyclic antidepressant was derived from the observation in animals that long-term administration of tricyclic antidepressant drugs enhances the sensitivity of postsynaptic neurones. Lithium administration increases the function of 5-HT neurones and thus might lead to amelioration of the non-responding depression. There have now been a substantial number of studies of lithium augmentation in non-responding depressed patients and a positive effect is consistently reported. The combination of lithium with a variety of antidepressants has not been associated with excessive reports of serious adverse events and therefore appears to be a useful approach to patients with a poor response to antidepressants.
Silicon(IV) Compounds Containing 1,3-Diketo Ligands (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon(IV) Compounds Containing 1,3-Diketo LigandsRonald M. Pike and Ronald R. LuongoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 13, 2972–2976Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00965a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00965a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Children's ministry in a changing world (2001)

When children are baptized in the Reformed Church in America (RCA), parents or guardians promise instruct these children in the truth of God's word, in the way of salvation through Jesus Christ; to pray for them, to teach them to pray; and to train them in Christ's way by your example, through worship, and in the nurture of the church. Likewise, the congregation promises love, encourage, and support these brothers and sisters by teaching the gospel of God's love, by being an example of Christian faith and character, and by giving the strong support of God's family in fellowship, prayer, and service.
Thus begins a partnership among the family, congregation, and denomination. This article will direct our attention to the role of each of the three partners—parents, church, and denomination—in order to discover how the full partnership can be made more effective. Because parents are the primary faith nurturers, the home may be regarded as their child's first seminary. The congregation also holds a responsibility to encourage and educate children and their parents in the Christian faith. The denomination's role is to provide  the best resources available, and to equip and support the church's ministry with children.
A comparative performance study of adaptive array processors (2005)

In this paper a comparative performance analysis of the time and frequency domain techniques in element or beam space adaptive array processing is presented. Only the steady-state performance in representative background conditions is considered. Signal-to-background improvement, interference cancellation and bearing response patterns are used as the primary performance measures. The problem of signal preservation with various types and orders of constraints for signals of various strength is analyzed. Examples of partially adaptive modes of operation are presented to determine the number of adaptive elements or beams that should be employed for satisfactory operation under given conditions.
Introduction (2007)

In the century after the Opium War (1839–42), against the backdrop of deeply seated anti-mercantile ambivalence, a middle class emerged and gained social legitimacy in Shanghai. It embraced the pursuit of industrial wealth on the grounds that it would bring material benefits to the nation. It succeeded in framing the discourse of wealth in terms of science while forging an alliance with the modernizing Chinese state. The new wealth was presented, in the first half of the twentieth century, as patriotic, scientific, and democratic. This chapter argues that private capitalist enterprises contributed to the wealth of the Chinese nation. This new doctrine of commercial wealth inspired a generation of aspiring youths to prepare themselves in particular skills and to pursue careers in the new economy.
Grid-connected and islanded operation of a hybrid power system (2007)

Rural area often has only one transmission line in connection with main power grid. The safety of critical load cannot be insured. Instead of adding a second transmission line, distributed generation can be installed. In this paper, a hybrid power system is analyzed. It is composed of solar power, wind farm of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), pumped storage station, residential load and industry load. Both grid connected operation and islanded operation of this hybrid power system are analyzed. A control strategy is proposed to stabilize this power system under islanded condition without the necessary of central master controller. The water tower with back to back voltage source converter (VSC) is operated as a pumped storage station under islanded situation, which controls the frequency and voltage of the islanded power system. Wind farm, solar power, and load contribute to frequency and voltage control of the hybrid power system.
[Evaluation of an automated system in bacteriology. Application to bacteriological susceptibility tests]. (1991)

Susceptibility tests have been compared between a new automated system and the reference method by agar diffusion. The COBAS-Micro apparatus for bacterial susceptibility tests is intended for rapid determinations with, normally, an incubation time of 5 h at 37 degrees C. Its is compatible with strains requiring greater than 18 h incubation. With this technique a large range of antibacterial substances (greater than 60) can be studied, in groups of fifteen. With the help of a computerized soft-ware, one growth-index:EPR (End Point Ratio) is calculated, in comparison with a standard, for each antibacterial agent tested and expressed in three categories: SIR. The findings are optimized according to the limits prescribed by the NCCLS. The reference method, by agar-diffusion, is as described by the Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie (CA-SFM). A total of 1,048 strains were tested by the two techniques: 518 Gram negative rods, 530 Gram positive cocci, with four common antibiotics. The percentages of agreement between the two groups were: 96% full agreement and minor discrepancy, 4% major and very major discrepancy. This automated system seems to be perfectly suitable for susceptibility testing in a routine laboratory, especially with strains isolated from ambulatory patients.
Differential amplifier with regulator achieves high stability, low drift (1961)

When d-c signals are to be amplified, the usual approach is to use a direct-coupled circuit. The difficulty\nof maintaining sufficiently low drift in a direct-coupled configuration led to the development of chopper and chopper-stabilized circuits, where a mechanical chopper\nreduces drift to low values. Unfortunately, other shortcomings arise, and in most applications the\ndirect-coupled d-c amplifier would be preferable if the drift could be reduced to an acceptable value. The\nadvantages over the chopper or the chopper-stabilized types include rapid recovery from overload, freedom from hash, simplicity and small size due to absence of transformers\nand capacitors.\n
Privacy-Preserving Backpropagation Neural Network Learning (2009)

With the development of distributed computing environment , many learning problems now have to deal with distributed input data. To enhance cooperations in learning, it is important to address the privacy concern of each data holder by extending the privacy preservation notion to original learning algorithms. In this paper, we focus on preserving the privacy in an important learning model, multilayer neural networks. We present a privacy-preserving two-party distributed algorithm of backpropagation which allows a neural network to be trained without requiring either party to reveal her data to the other. We provide complete correctness and security analysis of our algorithms. The effectiveness of our algorithms is verified by experiments on various real world data sets.
Stability of Mesoporous Oxide and Mixed Metal Oxide Materials under Biologically Relevant Conditions (2007)

The dynamic behavior of nanoscale mesoporous oxide materials exposed to aqueous solutions under biologically relevant conditions is shown to be highly dependent on composition, porosity, and calcination temperature. Dynamic processes were followed as a function of exposure on thin oxide films amenable to environmental ellipsometry porosimetry for the analysis of mechanical strength and pore size distributions as a function of exposure. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used for the elucidation of compositional changes as a function of exposure. Combined, this approach gives the first detailed, quantitative information of the degradation of nanoscale oxide materials under biologically relevant conditions. This approach also shows the utility of using film geometry as a convenient model system for the study of dynamic properties, as films are amenable to sensitive ellipsometric characterization. Pure silica films underwent a rapid degradation, occurring on the time scale of hours, while silica films mixed with 10% or less of zirconia or alumina were significantly more stable. These mixed metal oxide films showed structural changes on two time scales, undergoing a rapid partial degradation followed by a stabilization of the structure as the composition of the films evolved toward a depleted silica state. The time scales of these two processes were on the order of hours and days, respectively, and could be tuned by varying the composition and the calcination temperature of the films. These time scales are especially relevant to the culture and growth of mammalian cells and for drug release applications. Titania materials were shown to be stable under all conditions studied, making them suitable candidates for applications where the scaffold functions as a permanent support. These results yield unprecedented levels of detail on the kinetics of degradation and the dynamic structural and compositional changes occurring in these nanostructured materials.
Intravenous fentanyl kinetics (1980)

Fentanyl is considered to be a short-acting narcotic analgesic but prolonged and recurrent ventilatory depression has been reported. We examined fentanyl kinetics and excretion in 7 healthy male subjects who were given a 3.2- or 6.4-micrograms/kg dose of 3H-fentanyl intravenously. Arterial blood and urine samples were analyzed for unchanged fentanyl and total radioactivity. Fentanyl concentrations fell rapidly and 98.6% of the dose was eliminated from plasma in 60 min but the terminal elimination phase of fentanyl from the body was slow (t1/2 beta = 219 min) due to the slow return of the unchanged drug from a peripheral compartment to the central compartment where elimination occurred primarily by biotransformation. Eighty-five percent of the dose was recovered in urine and feces in 72 hr; less than 8% was recovered as unchanged fentanyl. There were fluctuations in plasma fentanyl levels during the elimination phase in all cases. The long t1/2 beta and fluctuations in plasma levels may contribute to prolonged and recurrent ventilatory effects of fentanyl.
Generating Elastic, Biodegradable Polyurethane/Poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) Fibrous Sheets with Controlled Antibiotic Release via Two-Stream Electrospinning (2008)

Damage control laparotomy is commonly applied to prevent compartment syndrome following trauma but is associated with new risks to the tissue, including infection. To address the need for biomaterials to improve abdominal laparotomy management, we fabricated an elastic, fibrous composite sheet with two distinct submicrometer fiber populations: biodegradable poly(ester urethane) urea (PEUU) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), where the PLGA was loaded with the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (PLGA-tet). A two-stream electrospinning setup was developed to create a uniform blend of PEUU and PLGA-tet fibers. Composite sheets were flexible with breaking strains exceeding 200%, tensile strengths of 5-7 MPa, and high suture retention capacity. The blending of PEUU fibers markedly reduced the shrinkage ratio observed for PLGA-tet sheets in buffer from 50% to 15%, while imparting elastomeric properties to the composites. Antibacterial activity was maintained for composite sheets following incubation in buffer for 7 days at 37 degrees C. In vivo studies demonstrated prevention of abscess formation in a contaminated rat abdominal wall model with the implanted material. These results demonstrate the benefits derivable from a two-stream electrospinning approach wherein mechanical and controlled-release properties are contributed by independent fiber populations and the applicability of this composite material to abdominal wall closure.
Teaching mothers to express and store breast milk. (2004)

Reasons for expressing milk vary from mother to mother. Those who breast feed may be more likely than other mothers to return to paid employment outside the home. To assist mothers to continue with exclusive breast feeding, health professionals should provide information antenatally about expressing milk. Mothers can start to express from birth and should be encouraged by health professionals to pump or express milk on a frequent basis--"the more the better"--as this will help to establish lactation and increase the milk supply. The use of pumps and the storage of breast milk are discussed.
Butyrate and Propionate Protect against Diet-Induced Obesity and Regulate Gut Hormones via Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3-Independent Mechanisms (2012)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are metabolites formed by gut microbiota from complex dietary carbohydrates. Butyrate and acetate were reported to protect against diet-induced obesity without causing hypophagia, while propionate was shown to reduce food intake. However, the underlying mechanisms for these effects are unclear. It was suggested that SCFAs may regulate gut hormones via their endogenous receptors Free fatty acid receptors 2 (FFAR2) and 3 (FFAR3), but direct evidence is lacking. We examined the effects of SCFA administration in mice, and show that butyrate, propionate, and acetate all protected against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Butyrate and propionate, but not acetate, induce gut hormones and reduce food intake. As FFAR3 is the common receptor activated by butyrate and propionate, we examined these effects in FFAR3-deficient mice. The effects of butyrate and propionate on body weight and food intake are independent of FFAR3. In addition, FFAR3 plays a minor role in butyrate stimulation of Glucagon-like peptide-1, and is not required for butyrate- and propionate-dependent induction of Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. Finally, FFAR3-deficient mice show normal body weight and glucose homeostasis. Stimulation of gut hormones and food intake inhibition by butyrate and propionate may represent a novel mechanism by which gut microbiota regulates host metabolism. These effects are largely intact in FFAR3-deficient mice, indicating additional mediators are required for these beneficial effects.
Elimination of coupling between cylindrical transmit coils and surface‐receive coils for <i>in vivo</i> NMR (1986)

Coupling between large transmit and surface-receive coils is eliminated using a lambda/4 cable, terminated with crossed diodes to ground, inserted between the receive coil and ground, and by using a cable of length a little less than lambda/2 inserted between the transmit match capacitance and the normal crossed diodes in the transmit input line.
Magneto-Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposite Engineered Substrate for RF and Microwave Antennas (2011)

This dissertation presents the first reported systematic investigation on the implementation of multilayer patch antennas over Fe3O4-based polymer nanocomposite (PNC) magneto-dielectric substrates. The PNC substrate is created by the monodispersion of Fe3O4 nanopthesiss, with mean size of 7.5nm, in a polymeric matrix of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).\nRecently, magneto-dielectric substrates have been proposed by several researchers as a means for decreasing the size and increasing the bandwidth of planar antennas. Nevertheless, factors such as high loss and diminished control over magnetic and dielectric properties have hindered the optimal performance of antennas. In addition, the incompatibility and elevated complexity prevents integration of conventional magnetic materials with antennas and standard fabrication processes at printed circuit boards (PCBs) and wafer levels. Additionally, the low hysteresis losses exhibited by uniformly embedded superparamagnetic nanopthesiss complemented by the ease of integration of polymer nanocomposites in standard fabrication processes, offer promising solutions to resolve any of the complications and concerns foresaid.\nTowards this dissertation work, one multilayer antenna was constructed over a molded PDMS substrate along with three similar antennas built on PDMS-Fe3O4 PNC substrates with different Fe3O4 nanopthesis loading concentrations in the PDMS matrix of 80%, 50% and 30% by weight. This pioneering work in the experimental implementation and characterization of magneto-dielectric PNC antennas has not only resulted in antennas with different operational frequencies in the 3-5GHz band, but also expanded our knowledge base by correlating the concentration of magnetic nanopthesiss to key antenna performance metrics such as antenna bandwidth, antenna efficiency and miniaturization factors.\nAmong the most significant results a magneto-dielectric antenna with maximum miniaturization factor of 57%, and a 58% increase in bandwidth, whilst retaining an acceptable antenna gain of 2.12dBi, was successfully demonstrated through the deployment of molded PDMS-Fe3O4 PNC substrate under external DC bias magnetic fields.\nThis dissertation also presents a versatile process for constructing flexible and multilayer antennas by the seamless incorporation of a variety of materials such as PDMS, Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) laminates, metal clads and molded magneto-dielectric polymer nanocomposites with evenly embedded magnetic nanopthesiss.
Low frequency of somatic mutations in the LKB1/Peutz-Jeghers syndrome gene in sporadic breast cancer. (1998)

Germ-line mutations in the LKB1 gene on chromosome 19p are responsible for most cases of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, in which intestinal hamartomas are associated with elevated risks of several cancer types, including breast cancer. We have evaluated the role of somatic mutations in LKB1 in breast cancer. Of 40 informative primary breast cancers, 3 showed loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 19p in the vicinity of LKB1, and no somatic mutations of LKB1 were observed in 62 primary breast cancers and 17 established breast cancer cell lines. The results indicate that mutations in LKB1 do not play an important role in the development of sporadic breast cancer.
Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Single RNA Strands: Towards a Novel Direct‐Sequencing Method (2008)

Walking the strand: Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) with precision probe positioning has been used to obtain high-quality Raman spectra of the nucleobases in a single RNA strand (see picture: foreground Raman spectrum, background atomic-force microscope tip positioned over the RNA strand). This procedure represents the first step towards direct and label-free single-biomolecule sequencing.
Human peritoneal mesothelial cells synthesize interleukin-8. Synergistic induction by interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. (1993)

The present study demonstrates the synthesis and secretion of the neutrophil-activating peptide/interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and examines the regulation of its production by other cytokines. Unstimulated HPMC under growth-arrested conditions released IL-8 in a constitutive and time-dependent manner. Stimulation of HPMC with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha resulted in a time- and dose-dependent IL-8 generation; after 24 hours the levels induced by IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha (both at 1000 pg/ml) were (mean +/- SEM, n = 5) 101 +/- 26.6 (z = 2.023; P < 0.01) and 35 +/- 8.09 (z = 2.023; P < 0.01) respectively. This release was inhibited following coincubation with the relevant anti-cytokine antibody or preincubation with either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Treatment of HPMC with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha resulted in increased levels of IL-8-specific mRNA. Stimulation of HPMC with combinations of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha resulted in a synergistic increase in IL-8 release. This effect was significant at combined doses of IL-1 beta (50 pg/ml) and TNF-alpha (500 pg/ml) and above, when the release of IL-8 was 88 +/- 27% above the additive IL-8 release values (z = 2.201; P < 0.01). Western blot analysis using specific anti-IL-8 antibody demonstrated the presence of two major immunoreactive bands between 9 and 10 kd, in HPMC culture supernatants. These data demonstrate that HPMC synthesize IL-8 and that its release can be regulated as a result of induction of mRNA expression and de novo protein synthesis by other cytokines.
Automating program speedup by deciding what to cache (1985)

A common program optimization strategy is to eliminate recomputation by caching and reusing results. We analyze the problems involved in automating this strategy: deciding which computations are safe to cache, transforming the rest of the program to make them safe, choosing the most cost-effective ones to cache, and maintaining the optimized code. The analysis extends previous work on caching by considering side effects, shared data structures, program edits, and the acceptability of behavior changes caused by caching. The paper explores various techniques for solving these problems and attempts to make explicit the assumptions on which they depend. An experimental prototype incorporates many of these techniques.