gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Link-condition based proxies for QoS management in wireless networks (2002)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of proxy functions for controlling the quality of service in wireless networks, where the proxy performs aggressive content reduction as a means to throttle traffic when the radio link is congested. The proxy may be located at different parts of the network, thus affecting the feedback delay from the base station to the proxy. A queueing model is constructed and solved to study the performance tradeoffs among system parameters and in particular, how the proxy performance is affected by the feedback control delay between base stations and the proxy. Using image compression as an example, we examine response time and fraction of compression as a function of the control delay. Our results reveal that the proxy function can effectively control response time in the case of link congestion, if the delay is reasonably small, e.g. when the proxy is located close to the radio link. We also find that to assess the effectiveness of the control mechanism, it is necessary to examine whether the proxy performs content reduction when and only when link congestion occurs. Towards this end, we study the system-state probabilities and the correlation between response time and compression.
Effect of the Materials Properties of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Fibronectin Deposition and Conformation (2015)

Hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles with controlled materials properties have been synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal aging method to investigate fibronectin (Fn) adsorption. Two distinct populations of HAP nanoparticles have been generated: HAP1 particles had smaller size, plate-like shape, lower crystallinity, and more negative ζ potential than HAP2 particles. We then developed two-dimensional platforms containing HAP and Fn and analyzed both the amount and the conformation of Fn via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) at various HAP concentrations. Our FRET analysis reveals that larger amounts of more compact Fn molecules were adsorbed onto HAP1 than onto HAP2 particles. Additionally, our data show that the amount of compact Fn adsorbed increased with increasing HAP concentration due to the formation of nanoparticle agglomerates. We propose that both the surface chemistry of single nanoparticles and the size and morphology of HAP agglomerates play significant roles in the interaction of Fn with HAP. Collectively, our findings suggest that the HAP-induced conformational changes of Fn, a critical mechanotransducer protein involved in the communication of cells with their environment, will ultimately affect downstream cellular behaviors. These results have important implications for our understanding of organic-inorganic interactions in physiological and pathological biomineralization processes such as HAP-related inflammation.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PEG-L-ASPARAGINASE (ONCASPAR) IN THE TREATMENT OF RELAPSED/ REFRACTORY AIDS-RELATED LYMPHOMAS. (1998)

80 BACKGROUND: AIDS-lymphoma is the second most common malignancy in patients with HIV infection. First line combination chemotherapy is associated with complete remission in approximately 50%. No standard second line therapy has been defined in relapsed or refractory patients. We wished to explore the efficacy of pegylated L-asparaginase (Oncaspar) in this patient population. Oncaspar has previously shown efficacy against high grade lymphoid malignancies. METHODS: Four dose levels of Oncaspar are being studied in relapsed/refractory AIDS-NHL. The dose for cohort 1 is 1500 IU/m2 given IM every two weeks. RESULTS: Thus far, two patients have been accrued. Their characteristics and study results are shown below: TableBoth patients have had biopsy-proven complete disease resolution. Adverse effects consisted of low fibrinogen, prolonged APTT, and moderate fatigue in both; mild nausea, anorexia, and elevated cholesterol in one patient. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Oneaspar has good preliminary evidence of anti-tumor activity in patients with refractory AIDS-NHL within minimal side effects. Accrual is ongoing.
Structural basis for Klf4 recognition of methylated DNA (2014)

Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), one of the factors directing cellular reprogramming, recognizes the CpG dinucleotide (whether methylated or unmodified) within a specific G/C-rich sequence. The binding affinity of the mouse Klf4 DNA-binding domain for methylated DNA is only slightly stronger than that for an unmodified oligonucleotide. The structure of the C-terminal three Krüppel-like zinc fingers (ZnFs) of mouse Klf4, in complex with fully methylated DNA, was determined at 1.85 Å resolution. An arginine and a glutamate interact with the methyl group. By comparison with two other recently characterized structures of ZnF protein complexes with methylated DNA, we propose a common principle of recognition of methylated CpG by C2H2 ZnF proteins, which involves a spatially conserved Arg-Glu pair.
Rohrer's Constant, K<sub>2</sub>, as a Factor of Determining Inspiratory Resistance of Common Adult Endotracheal Tubes (2011)

The aim of the study was to calculate the in vitro inspiratory resistance (R(ETT)) of adult endotracheal tubes (ETT), via the end-inspiratory occlusion method, and to apply this method in vivo in order to estimate R(ETT) value in real time. By plotting R(ETT) over inspiratory flow (V) and calculating Rohrer's coefficients of linear and nonlinear resistance, K1 and K2 respectively, we determined the resistive behaviour of each ETT. Peak and plateau pressures were recorded at both proximal and distal sites of the ETT after applying a three-second occlusion under constant flow. Distal pressure was obtained via an intraluminal catheter R(ETT) was calculated as (P(peak) - P(plateau))/(V), at both sites. R(ETT) value resulted from the difference R(proximal) - R(distal). Graph R(ETT) over (V) was plotted and Rohrer's constants were calculated by the method of least squares. For ETTs with inner diameter 9.0, 8.5, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0 and 6.5 mm, K2 was 2.42, 3.05, 4.65, 6.01, 9.17 and 12.80 cmH2O/l/s, respectively. The intraluminal catheter increased R(ETT) No.7.0 by an average of 49%. Finally, ten patients with partially obstructed ETTs were tested and K2 in vivo constants found to be higher than their corresponding in vitro values (P value 0.00012). Therefore, knowing the performing size of an ETT may help the clinicians identify ETT obstruction and deal with weaning problems.
Predicted Magnetoelectric Effect in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>BaTiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Multilayers: Ferroelectric Control of Magnetism (2006)

An unexplored physical mechanism which produces a magnetoelectric effect in ferroelectric-ferromagnetic multilayers is studied based on first-principles calculations. Its origin is a change in bonding at the ferroelectric-ferromagnet interface that alters the interface magnetization when the electric polarization reverses. Using Fe/BaTiO3 multilayers as a representative model, we show a sizable difference in magnetic moments of Fe and Ti atoms at the two interfaces dissimilar by the orientation of the local electric dipole moments. The predicted magnetoelectric effect opens a new direction to control magnetic properties of thin-film layered structures by electric fields.
Regulatory elements in eIF1A control the fidelity of start codon selection by modulating tRNA<sub>i</sub><sup>Met</sup> binding to the ribosome (2010)

eIF1A is the eukaryotic ortholog of bacterial translation initiation factor IF1, but contains a helical domain and long unstructured N-terminal tail (NTT) and C-terminal tail (CTT) absent in IF1. Here, we identify elements in these accessory regions of eIF1A with dual functions in binding methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNA(i)(Met)) to the ribosome and in selecting AUG codons. A pair of repeats in the eIF1A CTT, dubbed Scanning Enhancer 1 (SE1) and SE2, was found to stimulate recruitment of Met-tRNA(i)(Met) in the ternary complex (TC) with eIF2.GTP and also to block initiation at UUG codons. In contrast, the NTT and segments of the helical domain are required for the elevated UUG initiation occurring in SE mutants, and both regions also impede TC recruitment. Remarkably, mutations in these latter elements, dubbed scanning inhibitors SI1 and SI2, reverse the defects in TC loading and UUG initiation conferred by SE substitutions, showing that the dual functions of SE elements in TC binding and UUG suppression are mechanistically linked. It appears that SE elements enhance TC binding in a conformation conducive to scanning but incompatible with initiation, whereas SI elements destabilize this conformation to enable full accommodation of Met-tRNA(i)(Met) in the P site for AUG selection.
Counting of Schistosoma mansoni Eggs in Feces. Comparison of a Filtration Technique and a Dilution Technique (1968)

Allen W. Cheever, Kendall G. Powers, Counting of Schistosoma mansoni Eggs in Feces. Comparison of a Filtration Technique and a Dilution Technique, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Jun., 1968), pp. 632-633
Resource allocation for multimedia services on the UMTS downlink (2003)

Efficient radio resource allocation techniques are vital for providing acceptable capacity over the UMTS radio access network (RAN). Interaction among services and power requirements according to service bit rates can seriously limit the capacity. This work presents a resource allocation framework based on service differentiation and analyzes the capacity benefits achieved through service prioritization and dynamic rate adaptation. Conversational, streaming, interactive and background service classes are considered in the investigation. Real time (RT) services are offered over dedicated radio access bearers. Non real time (NRT) services use downlink shared channels to achieve multiplexing and better resource utilization. Combining prioritized connection admission control based on service class to minimize interference and dynamic rate adaptation for NRT services leads to significant improvements in overall system capacity. Without these capacity enhancement techniques the UNITS downlink can be fairly limited by interference and resource availability in the presence of multiple services operating at various rates and requiring diverse QoS.
Mining social images with distance metric learning for automated image tagging (2011)

With the popularity of various social media applications, massive social images associated with high quality tags have been made available in many social media web sites nowadays. Mining social images on the web has become an emerging important research topic in web search and data mining. In this paper, we propose a machine learning framework for mining social images and investigate its application to automated image tagging. To effectively discover knowledge from social images that are often associated with multimodal contents (including visual images and textual tags), we propose a novel Unified Distance Metric Learning (UDML) scheme, which not only exploits both visual and textual contents of social images, but also effectively unifies both inductive and transductive metric learning techniques in a systematic learning framework. We further develop an efficient stochastic gradient descent algorithm for solving the UDML optimization task and prove the convergence of the algorithm. By applying the proposed technique to the automated image tagging task in our experiments, we demonstrate that our technique is empirically effective and promising for mining social images towards some real applications.
Role of catheter surface morphology on intravascular thrombosis of plastic catheters (1979)

The role of catheter surface roughness in initiation and propagation of intravascular catheter thrombosis was studied in dogs, utilizing the scanning electron microscope. Catheters were inserted in major arteries and veins for 200 min and the animals then sacrificed. Catheter segments, both with and without associated thrombi, were scrutinized with the scanning electron microscope. No correlation was found between catheter surface roughness and thrombus formation, suggesting that the inherent chemical characteristics of the catheter is most important in the initiation of intravascular catheter thrombus formation.
Structure and Expression of Ubiquitin Genes of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1988)

We isolated and characterized two related ubiquitin genes from Drosophila melanogaster, polyubiquitin and UB3-D. The polyubiquitin gene contained 18 repeats of the 228-base-pair monomeric ubiquitin-encoding unit arranged in tandem. This gene was localized to a minor heat shock puff site, 63F, and it encoded a constitutively expressed 4.4-kilobase polyubiquitin-encoding mRNA, whose level was induced threefold by heat shock. To investigate the pattern of expression of the polyubiquitin gene in developing animals, a polyubiquitin-lacZ fusion gene was introduced into the Drosophila genome by germ line transformation. The fusion gene was expressed at high levels in a tissue-general manner at all life stages assayed. The ubiquitin-encoding gene, UB3-D, consisted of one ubiquitin-encoding unit directly fused, in frame, to a nonhomologous tail sequence. The amino acid sequence of the tail portion of the protein had 65% positional identity with that of yeast UBI3 protein, including a region that contained a potential nucleic acid-binding motif. The Drosophila UB3-D gene hybridized to a 0.9-kilobase mRNA that was constitutively expressed, and in contrast to the polyubiquitin gene, it was not inducible by heat shock.
Adaptive and dynamic funnel replication in clouds (2012)

We consider the problem of strongly consistent replication in a multi data center cloud setting. This environment is characterized by high latency communication between data centers, significant fluctuations in the performance of seemingly identical virtual machines (VMs) and temporary disconnects of data centers from the rest of the cloud. In this paper we introduce the adaptive and dynamic Funnel Replication (FR) protocol that is designed to achieve high throughout and low latency for reads, to accommodate arbitrary latency/throughput tradeoffs for writes, to maximize performance in the face of VM performance variations and to provide high availability for read requests in the presence of network partitions. FR is based on the idea of flexible write dissemination topologies which enables it to achieve, per message, the desired tradeoff between latency and throughput, depending on the message size, the observed network conditions, and the importance of latency as indicated by the client. We demonstrate the benefits of flexible dissemination topologies and show that in a cloud setting with N identical replicas FR can improve the write latency up to a factor of N/2 for N ≥ 2 compared to the notable chain replication (CR) protocol at the expense of a slight decrease in the write throughput. In a setting with potentially high variability in the performance of replicas, e.g., as in Amazon EC2, FR can achieve throughput up to a factor of 16 higher than CR while also improving the latency. FR does this by adopting a topology that consists of concurrent disjoint data replication paths so that load on high throughput paths is adaptively increased while load on congested replicas is reduced.
Protocol Dependence of Sequencing-Based Gene Expression Measurements (2011)

RNA Seq provides unparalleled levels of information about the transcriptome including precise expression levels over a wide dynamic range. It is essential to understand how technical variation impacts the quality and interpretability of results, how potential errors could be introduced by the protocol, how the source of RNA affects transcript detection, and how all of these variations can impact the conclusions drawn. Multiple human RNA samples were used to assess RNA fragmentation, RNA fractionation, cDNA synthesis, and single versus multiple tag counting. Though protocols employing polyA RNA selection generate the highest number of non-ribosomal reads and the most precise measurements for coding transcripts, such protocols were found to detect only a fraction of the non-ribosomal RNA in human cells. PolyA RNA excludes thousands of annotated and even more unannotated transcripts, resulting in an incomplete view of the transcriptome. Ribosomal-depleted RNA provides a more cost-effective method for generating complete transcriptome coverage. Expression measurements using single tag counting provided advantages for assessing gene expression and for detecting short RNAs relative to multi-read protocols. Detection of short RNAs was also hampered by RNA fragmentation. Thus, this work will help researchers choose from among a range of options when analyzing gene expression, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
Cryptosporidiosis: An Outbreak Associated with Drinking Water Despite State-of-the-Art Water Treatment (1996)

A cryptosporidiosis outbreak was associated with municipal drinking water, despite state-of-the-art water treatment and water quality better than that required by current federal standards. This outbreak highlights the importance of surveillance for cryptosporidiosis and the need for guidelines for the prevention of water-borne-Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-infected persons.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF HIGHWAY SNOW AND ICE CONTROL (1978)

An overview of a national study of highway snow and ice control that involved the Federal Highway Administration and eleven state highway agencies is presented. A method of establishing level of service of winter maintenance based on an economic analysis is discussed. A winer maintenance questionnaire was distributed to Idaho, Illinois, Minnesota, and Utah to determine the public's attitude toward the maintenance effort being made in each state. The study also examined the user costs that occur during winter maintenance. Accident rates, user delay, traffic volumes, and vehicle speeds during snow and ice storms were evaluated. A telephone survey was made to businesses to determine losses caused by poor travelling conditions. Environmental damage to wells, plants, and lakes was investigated as well as deterioration of roadway, structures, and vehicles that can be associated with winter maintenance. The ESIC economic computer model developed through the study yields costs for maintenance and traffic and safety by storm and level of service, written warning of possible environmental damage, and annual costs for structural deterioration and vehicle corrosion. /Author/
Cosmic X‐Ray Background and Earth Albedo Spectra with<i>Swift</i>BAT (2008)

We use Swift/BAT Earth occultation data at different geomagnetic latitudes to derive a sensitive measurement of the Cosmic X-ray background (CXB) and of the Earth albedo emission in the 15--200 keV band. We compare our CXB spectrum with recent (INTEGRAL, BeppoSAX) and past results (HEAO-1) and find good agreement. Using an independent measurement of the CXB spectrum we are able to confirm our results. This study shows that the BAT CXB spectrum has a normalization ~8(+/-3)% larger than the HEAO-1 measurement. The BAT accurate Earth albedo spectrum can be used to predict the level of photon background for satellites in low Earth and mid inclination orbits.
Cardiac performance as a function of intracellular oxygen tension in buffer-perfused hearts (2001)

Critical intracellular myocardial oxygen tension was determined by optical spectroscopic measurement of myoglobin oxygen saturation in crystalloid-perfused guinea pig hearts. Accurate end-point determinations of the maximally oxygenated and deoxygenated myoglobin were made. Hearts were subjected to a steady decrease in perfusate oxygen tension while left ventricular developed pressure, maximal left ventricular dP/dt, myocardial oxygen consumption, lactate release, and adenosine release were measured as indices of myocardial function. Intracellular myoglobin was found to be only 72% saturated under baseline conditions with an arterial oxygen tension of >600 mmHg at 37 degrees C. Baseline intracellular oxygen tension was 6.3 mmHg. Myocardial oxygen consumption was decreased by 10% when the oxygen tension fell to 5.7 mmHg, and cardiac contraction decreased 10% when oxygen tension was 4.1 mmHg. Adenosine release and, finally, lactate release began to increase at sequentially lower oxygen tensions. The present results indicate that the buffer-perfused guinea pig heart at 37 degrees C has an intracellular oxygen tension just above the threshold for impaired function.
Shape-similarity search of 3D models by using enhanced shape functions (2005)

We propose a pair of shape features for searching surface-based 3D shape models based on their shape similarity. Either of the features is computed by first converting an input surface based model into an oriented point set model and then computing a joint 2D histogram of distance and orientation of pairs of points. Advantages of the shape features are: they can be computed for non-solid or non-manifold models; they are invariant to similarity transformation; and they are tolerant of topological and geometrical errors and degeneracies. Experiments showed that, with only a modest increase in computational cost, our shape features achieved significant performance improvement over Osada's D2, on which our features are based.
[Maxillary pre-implant rehabilitation: a study of 55 cases using autologous bone graft augmentation]. (1999)

Preprosthetic rehabilitation of the maxillary bone is sometimes difficult due to severe bone resorption in the posterolateral regions. The sinus lift with autogenous bony graft has given us satisfactory results since 1990 but requires a rigorous protocol before and during surgery to assure a lasting anchorage to the prosthesis. We describe morbidity and technical choices of this intervention in a series of 55 patients.
Loss-of-function variants in the genomes of healthy humans (2010)

Genetic variants predicted to seriously disrupt the function of human protein-coding genes-so-called loss-of-function (LOF) variants-have traditionally been viewed in the context of severe Mendelian disease. However, recent large-scale sequencing and genotyping projects have revealed a surprisingly large number of these variants in the genomes of apparently healthy individuals--at least 100 per genome, including more than 30 in a homozygous state--suggesting a previously unappreciated level of variation in functional gene content between humans. These variants are mostly found at low frequency, suggesting that they are enriched for mildly deleterious polymorphisms suppressed by negative natural selection, and thus represent an attractive set of candidate variants for complex disease susceptibility. However, they are also enriched for sequencing and annotation artefacts, so overall present serious challenges for clinical sequencing projects seeking to identify severe disease genes amidst the 'noise' of technical error and benign genetic polymorphism. Systematic, high-quality catalogues of LOF variants present in the genomes of healthy individuals, built from the output of large-scale sequencing studies such as the 1000 Genomes Project, will help to distinguish between benign and disease-causing LOF variants, and will provide valuable resources for clinical genomics.