gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Disturbed Flow On Endothelial Cells (1998)

Atherosclerotic lesions tend to localize at curvatures and branches of the arterial system, where the local flow is often disturbed and irregular (e.g., flow separation, recirculation, complex flow patterns, and nonuniform shear stress distributions). The effects of such flow conditions on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were studied in vitro by using a vertical-step flow channel (VSF). Detailed shear stress distributions and flow structures have been computed by using the finite volume method in a general curvilinear coordinate system. HUVECs in the reattachment areas with low shear stresses were generally rounded in shape. In contrast, the cells under higher shear stresses were significantly elongated and aligned with the flow direction, even for those in the area with reversed flow. When HUVECs were subjected to shearing in VSF, their actin stress fibers reorganized in association with the morphological changes. The rate of DNA synthesis in the vicinity of the flow reattachment area was higher than that in the laminar flow area. These in vitro experiments have provided data for the understanding of the in vivo responses of endothelial cells under complex flow environments found in regions of prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions.
Genetic sexing for a mosquito sterile-male release (1981)

Two strains of Anopheles culicifacies have been synthesized in which the dieldrin resistance locus on chromosome 3 has been translocated to the Y chromosome. Both strains appear sufficiently stable for the preferential recovery of males for mass production of mosquitoes for field releases.
MHC Class II Transactivator Inhibits IL-4 Gene Transcription by Competing with NF-AT to Bind the Coactivator CREB Binding Protein (CBP)/p300 (2000)

The MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) activates the expression of multiple genes involved in Ag presentation, but inhibits Th2-type cytokine production, including IL-4, during Th1 cell differentiation. Th1 cells derived from CIITA-deficient mice produce both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, and the introduction of CIITA to Th2 cells down-regulates Th2-type cytokine gene transcription. Here we show that the IL-4 promoter is regulated by multiple protein-protein interactions among CIITA, NF-AT, and coactivator CBP/p300. The introduction of CBP/p300 and NF-AT enhances the IL-4 promoter activity, and this activation was repressed by CIITA. Furthermore, our data show that CIITA competes with NF-AT to bind CBP/p300 and that this competition dramatically influences transcriptional activation of the IL-4 promoter. We identified two domains of CIITA that interact with two distinct domains of CBP/p300 that are also recognized by NF-AT. CIITA mutants that retain the ability to interact with CBP/p300 are sufficient to inhibit NF-AT-mediated IL-4 gene expression.
The role of trace minerals in osteoporosis. (1993)

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease with dimensions of genetics, endocrine function, exercise and nutritional considerations. Of particular considerations are calcium (Ca) status, Vitamin D, fluoride, magnesium and other trace elements. Several trace elements, particularly copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), are essential in bone metabolism as cofactors for specific enzymes. Our investigations regarding the role of Cu, Mn and Zn in bone metabolism include data from studies with animals on Cu- and Mn-deficient diets. We have also demonstrated cellular deficiencies using bone powder implants, as well as fundamental changes in organic matrix constituents. In clinical studies we have demonstrated the efficacy of Ca, Cu, Mn and Zn supplementation on spinal bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Each of these studies demonstrated the necessity of trace elements for optimal bone matrix development and bone density sustenance.
Molecular modeling and docking studies of human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor for the identification of hotspots for ligand binding (2009)

The serotonergic system has been implicated in emotional and cognitive function. In particular, 5-HT(2A) (5-hydroxytrytamine receptor 2A) is attributed to a number of disorders like schizophrenia, depression, eating disorders and anxiety. 5-HT(2A), being a GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor), is important in the pharmaceutical industry as a proven target for these disorders. Despite their extensive clinical importance, the structural studies of this protein is lacking due to difficulties in determining its crystal structure. We have performed sequence analysis and molecular modeling of 5-HT(2A) that has revealed a set of conserved residues and motifs considered to play an important role in maintaining structural integrity and function of the receptor. The analysis also revealed a set of residues specific to the receptor which distinguishes them from other members of the subclass and their orthologs. Further, starting from the model structure of human 5-HT(2A) receptor, docking studies were attempted to envisage how it might interact with eight of its ligands (such as serotonin, dopamine, DOI, LSD, haloperidol, ketanserin, risperidone and clozapine). The binding studies of dopamine to 5-HT(2A) receptor can bring up better understanding in the etiology of a number of neurological disorders involving both these two receptors. Our sequence analysis and study of interactions of this receptor with other ligands reveal additional residue hotspots such as Asn 363 and Tyr 370. The function of these residues can be further analyzed by rational design of site-directed mutagenesis. Two distinct binding sites are identified which could play important roles in ligand binding and signaling.
Legion: The Next Logical Step Toward a Nationwide Virtual Computer (1994)

The coming of giga-bit networks makes possible the realization of a single nationwide virtual computer comprised of a variety of geographically distributed high-performance machines and workstations. To realize the potential that the physical infrastructure provides, software must be developed that is easy to use, supports large degrees of parallelism in applications code, and manages the complexity of the underlying physical system for the user. This paper describes our approach to constructing and exploiting such "metasystems". Our approach inherits features of earlier work on parallel processing systems and heterogeneous distributed computing systems. In particular, we are building on Mentat, an object-oriented parallel processing system developed at the University of Virginia. This report is a preliminary document. We expect changes to occur as the architecture and design of the system mature. Note: Abstract extracted from PDF text
Loss of Imprinting in Disease Progression in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1998)

The pathophysiologic role of the Philadelphia chromosome translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been known for nearly 20 years. However, the most significant morbidity and mortality in CML are caused by progression to blast crisis, about which comparatively little is known at the molecular level. Genomic imprinting is a chromosomal modification leading to parental-origin-specific gene expression in somatic cells. Recently, we and others have described loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2), leading to biallelic rather than monoallelic expression in a wide variety of solid tumors. We have now examined the imprinting status of IGF2 in samples from CML patients in stable phase, accelerated phase, and blast crisis. Five of six stable-phase patients showed normal imprinting, but LOI was found in all six cases of advanced disease (three accelerated phase, three blast crisis), which was statistically highly significant (P < .01). Thus, LOI represents a novel type of genetic alteration in CML that appears to be specifically associated with disease progression.
Analysis of fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer and vocal intensity in children with phonological disorders (2005)

The frequency of the vowel /e/ was smaller in the Phonological Disorder Group. There was difference between the two groups regarding the means of intensity of vowels /a/, /e/ and /i/, smaller in the Phonological Disorder Group. No differences between the groups were found regarding the averages of jitter and shimmer.
Shellac-Structure, Characteristics & Modification (1983)

The paper attempts to document upto date status of the structural studies of Shellac. Attempt has also been made to review the literature on modification of shellac molecules to make it more acceptable to meet the growing demand of the users.
<title>Fatigue behavior of silica fibers with different defects</title> (2001)

Comparison of high-speed strength data for weak (abraded, contaminated and indented) and pristine fibers was performed. It was shown that fatigue behavior of abraded fiber practically coincides with that of the fiber contaminated by zirconia powder and is close to that of indented fiber. The fatigue parameters obtained for strong pristine fiber cannot be used to obtain the correct prediction of fiber strength after proof testing. A two-region power law model was used for mathematical description of these results and the fatigue parameters for three types of weak fibers were obtained.
On the Theory of Planar Shape (2003)

One of the aims of computer vision in the past 30 years has been to recognize shapes by numerical algorithms. Now, what are the geometric features on which shape recognition can be based? In this paper, we review the mathematical arguments leading to a unique definition of planar shape elements. This definition is derived from the invariance requirement to not less than five classes of perturbations, namely noise, affine distortion, contrast changes, occlusion, and background. This leads to a single possibility: shape elements as the normalized, affine smoothed pieces of level lines of the image. As a main possible application, we show the existence of a generic image comparison technique able to find all shape elements common to two images.
Theoretical and practical limits of dynamic voltage scaling (2004)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a popular approach for energy reduction of integrated circuits. Current processors that use DVS typically have an operating voltage range from full to half of the maximum Vdd. However, it is possible to construct designs that operate over a much larger voltage range: from full Vdd to subthreshold voltages. This possibility raises the question of whether a larger voltage range improves the energy efficiency of DVS. First, from a theoretical point of view, we show that for subthreshold supply voltages leakage energy becomes dominant, making "just in time completion" energy inefficient. We derive an analytical model for the minimum energy optimal voltage and study its trends with technology scaling. Second, we use the proposed model to study the workload activity of an actual processor and analyze the energy efficiency as a function of the lower limit of voltage scaling. Based on this study, we show that extending the voltage range below 1/2 Vdd will improve the energy efficiency for most processor designs, while extending this range to subthreshold operation is beneficial only for very specific applications. Finally, we show that operation deep in the subthreshold voltage range is never energy-efficient.
Adaptive and recursive based spatio-temporal filtering for video denoising with RWT transformation (2015)

Video noise reduction technology can be used not only to filter out the noise in video, it also enhances the visual quality, performance of the subsequent processing tasks such as compression, target recognition and tracking as well as frame interpolation. The methodology presents video denoising technique where spatially adaptive noise filtering is combined with temporal filtering. In this paper we follow two filtering approach i.e. adaptive spatial filtering and recursive temporal filtering. Initially in adaptive spatial filtering, RWT is applied on every frame. These coefficients are used to modify trained coefficients stored in knowledge base using adaptive spatial filter. On the other hand, motion estimation is performed and the estimated results are used to guide the temporal filtering on current noisy frame. So, after above processing, there are two denoised frames, one comes from recursive temporal filtering and another comes from adaptive spatial filtering. Finally, by weighting the two denoised frames, a satisfactory result can be obtained. Later all the de-noised frames are combined to get the denoised video.
Plasmid transfer within and between serologically distinct strains of Rhizobium japonicum, using antibiotic resistance mutants and auxotrophs (1981)

Methionine-requiring and pantothenic acid-requiring auxotrophs of Rhizobium japanicum USDA 31, as well as highly antibiotic-resistant mutants of R. japonicum strains USDA 31, USDA 110, USDA 138, and Webster 48, were isolated. These mutants were used to transfer the P-1 group plasmids R68.45 and RP4 within and between strains USDA 31, USDA 110, and Webster 48. Attempts to demonstrate transfer of either plasmid to strain USDA 138 were unsuccessful.
Intelligent management of computer networks: the GIR proposal (2002)

The paper presents a system proposed for the intelligent management of computer networks. The system is based on the use of artificial intelligence techniques-data mining, expert systems and multi-agent systems. The work is based on the following lines of action: (a) the use of distributed agents for the intelligent search of information in the network, supplying it in a more abstract way, adapted to the decision-making task; (b) the use of machine learning and data-mining techniques that, starting from the log files which register previous problems and their solution, allow the use of experience thus obtained in the solution of new problems; and (c) the use of heuristics and conduction rules supplied by experts, through a decision support system, as an advisor element to network operators. The paper presents a discussion about the techniques employed along these three research lines and the results already obtained.
Neuronal oxidative damage from activated innate immunity is EP<sub>2</sub> receptor‐dependent (2002)

Increase in prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels and oxidative damage are associated with diseases of brain that involve activation of innate immunity. We tested the hypothesis that cerebral oxidative damage resulting from activation of innate immunity with intracerebroventricular (icv) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is dependent on PGE2-mediated signaling. We measured two quantitative in vivo biomarkers of lipid peroxidation: F2-isoprostanes (IsoPs) that derive from arachidonic acid (AA) that is uniformly distributed in all cell types in brain, and F4-neuroprostanes (NeuroPs) that derive from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that is highly concentrated in neuronal membranes. LPS stimulated delayed elevations in cerebral F2-IsoPs and F4-NeuroPs that were completely suppressed by indomethacin or ibuprofen pre-treatment. LPS-induced cerebral oxidative damage was abolished by disruption of subtype 2 receptor for PGE2 (EP2). In contrast, initial oxidative damage from icv kainic acid (KA) was more rapid than with LPS also was completely suppressed by indomethacin or ibuprofen pre-treatment but was independent of EP2 receptor activation. The protective effect of deleting the EP2 receptor was not associated with changes in cerebral eicosaniod production, but was partially related to reduced induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. These results suggest the EP2 receptor as a therapeutic target to limit oxidative damage from activation of innate immunity in cerebrum.
Discovery and Optimization of Triazolopyridazines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the c-Met Kinase (2008)

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process in which oncogenes play a key role in tumor formation, growth, and maintenance. MET was discovered as an oncogene that is activated by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor. Deregulated signaling in the c-Met pathway has been observed in multiple tumor types. Herein we report the discovery of potent and selective triazolopyridazine small molecules that inhibit c-Met activity.
Functional monolayer surfaces on gold nanoparticles for specific binding of histidine-tagged proteins (2006)

Functionalised gold nanoparticles, capable of specifically binding histidine-tagged proteins, are of interest as their unique optical properties can facilitate the study of protein-protein interactions. Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles were functionalised with surface capping agents to specifically bind histidine-tagged proteins, and to test the stability of the nanoparticle solutions under various conditions.
HLA antigens in patients with recrudescent herpes simplex infections (1982)

We have assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses to HSV-1 antigen in normal controls, and in 47 subjects with recurrent cold sores. THe antigens at the HLA-ABC and DR loci were examined in the first group of 21 susceptible subjects. An apparent increase in prevalence of A9 seen in this group was confirmed in a prospective study of a further 26 subjects (P less than 0.0005). In contrast to previous studies, no relationship was noted between the immune responses and HLA antigens.
CCR5 coreceptor utilization involves a highly conserved arginine residue of HIV type 1 gp120 (1998)

The seven-transmembrane CCR5 was recently found to double as a coreceptor for a genetically diverse family of human and nonhuman primate lentiviruses. Paradoxically, the main region of the envelope protein believed to be involved in CCR5 utilization was mapped to hypervariable region 3, or V3, of the envelope glycoprotein gp120. In this study, we addressed the question of whether functional convergence in CCR5 utilization is mediated by certain V3 residues that are highly conserved among HIV type 1 (HIV-1), HIV type 2, and simian immunodeficiency virus. Site-directed mutagenesis carried out on three such V3 residues revealed that the Arg-298 of HIV-1 gp120 has an important role in CCR5 utilization. In contrast, no effect was observed for the other residues we tested. The inability of Arg-298 mutants to use CCR5 was not attributed to global alteration of gp120 conformation. Neither the expression, processing, and incorporation of mutant envelope proteins into virions, nor CD4 binding were significantly affected by the mutations. This interpretation is further supported by the finding that alanine substitutions of five residues immediately adjacent to the arginine residue had no effect on CCR5 utilization. Taken together, our data strongly suggests that the highly conserved Arg-298 residue identified in the V3 of HIV-1 has a significant role in CCR5 utilization, and may represent an unusually conserved target for future anti-viral designs.
Enhancing compressor distortion tolerance by asymmetric stator control (1987)

This paper describes a preliminary study of a method for increasing compressor tolerance in circumferential distortion through asymmetric vane stagger control. The changes in vane stagger about the circumference are used to increase compressor pressure rise and flow capability over part of the annulus and decrease these over the rest. The average pressure rise and flow thus remain roughly constant but the velocity distortion is reduced (and can even be made zero). Calculations are carried out to show the magnitude of the vane motions that must be used, and it is found that significant increases in distoriton attenuation can be achieved with realistic vane swings. In addition, the asymmetric vane stagger scheme leads to a substantial decrease in stall pressure rise loss due to inlet total pressure distortion. This type of control strategy appears worthy of further investigation, both theoretical and experimental.
Mapping of parallel tasks to multiprocessors with duplication (2002)

Duplication Based Scheduling (DBS) is a relatively new approach for solving multiprocessor scheduling problems. The problem is defined as finding an optimal schedule which minimizes the parallel execution time of an application on a target system. This paper proposes a new DBS algorithm which achieves considerable performance improvement over existing DBS algorithms with equal or less time complexity. The proposed algorithm obtains a comparable performance to DBS algorithms with higher complexities. The paper also proposes a variation of the proposed algorithm which adjusts the extent of duplications according to the limited number of processors available in the target system. Our simulation study reveals the gradual performance degradation of the proposed algorithm as the number of processors available in the system is decreased.
认识微软产品衰退的一代“逻辑化”时代正在粉墨登场 (2008)

Karen已获悉Windows Server2008、DPM 2007以及SCVMM 2008获得Editors’Best大奖，并审视微软在虚拟化方面的前景，因为它是涉及到Web集成的IT业的新一代技术。
Chiral Ligands Derived from<i>Abrine</i>8. An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Free Ligand Conformational Preferences and the Addition of Diethylzinc to Benzaldehyde (2004)

Three structurally similar series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline ligands, 4a-d, 6a-d and 7a-d, and two series of chiral oxazolidines, 8a-d and 9a-g, were synthesized and used as chiral catalysts in the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The enantioselectivities of the resulting 1-phenyl-1-propanol were obtained in each case, and these ee values were, in most cases, related to the conformational populations of the free ligand as expressed by the calculated differences in the energies of the ligand conformations formed by inversion at nitrogen. This suggested the possible existence of a linear free energy relationship. The effect on enantioselectivity of the carbon chain length of the R group located (1) on the C-3 substituent of 4a-d, 6a-d, and 7a-d or (2) at C-5 in 8a-d and 9a-g was studied in detail. On the basis of the correlations observed and the ligands' structural characterization, a structure was proposed for the transition state during ethyl group transfer when using ligands 8a-d. Furthermore, the change in enantioselectivity was successfully predicted when diastereomeric ligands 11 and 12 were compared in this chiral addition.
Alcoholysis of Acylpalladium(II) Complexes Relevant to the Alternating Copolymerization of Ethene and Carbon Monoxide and the Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkenes:  the Importance of Cis-Coordinating Phosphines (2003)

The mechanism and kinetics of the solvolysis of complexes of the type [(L-L)Pd(C(O)CH(3))(S)](+)[CF(3)SO(3)](-) (L-L = diphosphine ligand, S = solvent, CO, or donor atom in the ligand backbone) was studied by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy with the use of the ligands a-j: SPANphos (a), dtbpf (b), Xantphos (c), dippf (d), DPEphos (e), dtbpx (f), dppf (g), dppp (h), calix-6-diphosphite (j). Acetyl palladium complexes containing trans-coordinating ligands that resist cis coordination (SPANphos, dtbpf) showed no methanolysis. Trans complexes that can undergo isomerization to the cis analogue (Xantphos, dippf, DPEphos) showed methanolyis of the acyl group at a moderate rate. The reaction of [trans-(DPEphos)Pd(C(O)CH(3))](+)[CF(3)SO(3)](-) (2e) with methanol shows a large negative entropy of activation. Cis complexes underwent competing decarbonylation and methanolysis with the exception of 2j, [cis-(calix-diphosphite)Pd(C(O)CH(3))(CD(3)OD)](+)[CF(3)SO(3)](-). The calix-6-diphosphite complex showed a large positive entropy of activation. It is concluded that ester elimination from acylpalladium complexes with alcohols requires cis geometry of the acyl group and coordinating alcohol. The reductive elimination of methyl acetate is described as a migratory elimination or a 1,2-shift of the alkoxy group from palladium to the acyl carbon atom. Cis complexes with bulky ligands such as dtbpx undergo an extremely fast methanolysis. An increasing steric bulk of the ligand favors the formation of methyl propanoate relative to the insertion of ethene leading to formation of oligomers or polymers in the catalytic reaction of ethene, carbon monoxide, and methanol.