gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and expression of avian smooth muscle S100A11 (calgizzarin, S100C) (1997)

S100A11 (calgizzarin or S100C), a member of the S100 family of Ca 2+ -binding proteins, was first identified in chicken gizzard smooth muscle and subsequently detected in several mammalian species and tissues. We now report the full-length coding sequence of avian smooth muscle S100A11. The cloned nucleotide sequence is 515 bases in length, which includes in-frame start and stop codons and encodes a protein of 101 amino acids. The chicken S100A11 sequence differs from human S100A11 at 25 positions (9 conserved) and is four residues shorter (overall identity 72.4%, similarity 81%). The protein contains two EF hands and conserved hydrophobic residues involved in dimer formation. Cloned avian S100A11 expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ca 2+ -dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography was recognized by polyclonal antibodies raised against tissue-purified protein and, like tissue-purified S100A11, bound 45 Ca 2+ in a gel overlay assay. Key words: S100A11, calgizzarin, Ca 2+ -binding protein, smooth muscle, avian.
Extracting Sound Objects by Independent Subspace Analysis (2002)

In this paper we present a scheme for unsupervised extraction of sound objects or sources from a single recording containing a mixture of sounds. The separation/extraction procedure is performed by orthogonal projection of the mixed sound onto sub-spaces that are derived by clustering of transform coefficients, such as coefficients obtained by PCA or ICA. The clustering step reveals a residual non-linear grouping structure of the signal that is omitted by the linear transform. To achieve independence we are searching for partitioning that maximizes the mutual information between a component and a set to which it belongs. This information is obtained by considering a pairwise distance measure among all coefficients. Source separation experiments are reported in the paper.
Economic Behavior under the Influence of Alcohol: An Experiment on Time Preferences, Risk-Taking, and Altruism (2015)

We report results from an incentivized laboratory experiment undertaken with the purpose of providing controlled evidence on the causal effects of alcohol consumption on risk-taking, time preferences and altruism. Our design disentangles the pharmacological effects of alcohol intoxication from those mediated by expectations, as we compare the behavior of three groups of subjects: those who participated in an experiment with no reference to alcohol, those who were exposed to the possibility of consuming alcohol but were given a placebo and those who effectively consumed alcohol. All subjects participated in a series of economic tasks administered in the same sequence across treatments. After controlling for both the willingness to pay for an object and the potential misperception of probabilities as elicited in the experiment, we detect no effect of alcohol in depleting subjects' risk tolerance. However, we find that alcohol intoxication increases impatience and makes subjects less altruistic.
Adipose progenitor cells increase fibronectin matrix strain and unfolding in breast tumors (2011)

Increased stiffness represents a hallmark of breast cancer that has been attributed to the altered physicochemical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the role of fibronectin (Fn) in modulating the composition and mechanical properties of the tumor-associated ECM remains unclear. We have utilized a combination of biochemical and physical science tools to evaluate whether paracrine signaling between breast cancer cells and adipose progenitor cells regulates Fn matrix assembly and stiffness enhancement in the tumor stroma. In particular, we utilized fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging to map the molecular conformation and stiffness of Fn that has been assembled by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in response to conditioned media from MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Our results reveal that soluble factors secreted by tumor cells promote Fn expression, unfolding, and stiffening by adipose progenitor cells and that transforming growth factor-β serves as a soluble cue underlying these changes. In vivo experiments using orthotopic co-transplantation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells and MDA-MB231 into SCID mice support the pathological relevance of our results. Insights gained by these studies advance our understanding of the role of Fn in mammary tumorigenesis and may ultimately lead to improved anti-cancer therapies.
Clevidipine: a review of its use in the management of acute hypertension. (2009)

Intravenous clevidipine was safe and generally well tolerated in cardiac surgery patients with acute hypertension in large, randomized, clinical trials. Clevidipine was as safe as nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, or nicardipine with regard to the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or renal dysfunction (primary safety endpoints) in patients with perioperative or postoperative hypertension. Moreover, clevidipine recipients had an incidence of death (primary safety endpoint) not significantly different to that in nitroglycerin or nicardipine recipients and significantly lower than in sodium nitroprusside recipients, although this significant between-group difference was not confirmed by the findings of multiple logistic regression analysis after accounting for other factors. Clevidipine demonstrated a tolerability profile similar to that of placebo in patients with preoperative or postoperative hypertension, with the nature and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events generally being similar between treatment groups. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events associated with clevidipine in the active comparator-controlled trials included atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia, although the incidence of such events did not differ from that seen with nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, or nicardipine. Intravenous clevidipine was also generally well tolerated in patients with acute severe hypertension, regardless of infusion duration, in a large, noncomparative study. Most adverse events associated with clevidipine were mild or moderate in severity and considered unrelated to study drug, with the most commonly reported being headache, nausea, chest discomfort, and vomiting.
Pseudorandom noise based channel coding scheme for tag to reader communication in UHF-RFID systems (2022)

This paper presents the capabilities of using Pseudorandom noise (PN) codes as a channel-coding scheme for the tag to reader communication. A comparative of the standardized coding scheme and the PN is presented. To take advantage of the PN code's orthogonality an example is shown using gold sequences of length 31 coding 16 symbols, which encodes the information that is backscattered by the tag. At the reader the corresponding correlation receiver is implemented to detect any of the 16 possible symbols. The decision is made using a maximum-likelihood method. This coding scheme will be compared to the EPCglobal GEN 2 standardized Miller codes in order to establish its advantages and disadvantages.
State-Dependent Delay Influenced Drill-String Oscillations and Stability Analysis (2014)

In this paper, the authors present a discrete system model to study the coupled axial–torsional dynamics of a drill string. The model is developed taking into account state-dependent time delay and nonlinearities due to dry friction and loss of contact. Simulations are carried out by using a 32-segment model with 128 states. Bit bounce is observed through time histories of axial vibrations, while stick-slip phenomenon is noted in the torsion response. The normal strain contours of this spatial–temporal system demonstrate the existence of strain wave propagation along the drill string. The shear strain wave exhibits features of wave nodes and wave loops along the drill string, which indicate that the torsional motion has the properties of a standing wave. When the penetration rate is varied, qualitative changes are observed in the system response. The observed behavior includes chaotic and hyperchaotic dynamics. Stability analysis reveals a stable region for the degenerate one-segment model. This stable region becomes infinitesimally small, as the resolution of spatial discretization is increased. This finding suggests that drill-string motions have a high likelihood of being self-exited in practical drilling operations.
Optimized design of unique miniaturized planar baluns for wireless applications (2003)

The high frequency balun network has proven to be an important component in the design of certain RF and microwave system topologies-especially in wireless communications system architectures. This work describes the optimized design of planar balun circuits which operate in the 900 MHz wireless frequency band. The designs are an outgrowth of extensive in-depth computer analysis and fabrication and testing of a multiplicity of circuit realizations. A novel feature of these designs is their compact size which is almost one sixteenth that of conventional quarter wavelength-coupled line designs. Size reduction and excellent coupling are effectively obtained by novel use of discrete capacitors.
Rotational Head Kinematics in Football Impacts: An Injury Risk Function for Concussion (2011)

Recent research has suggested a possible link between sports-related concussions and neurodegenerative processes, highlighting the importance of developing methods to accurately quantify head impact tolerance. The use of kinematic parameters of the head to predict brain injury has been suggested because they are indicative of the inertial response of the brain. The objective of this study is to characterize the rotational kinematics of the head associated with concussive impacts using a large head acceleration dataset collected from human subjects. The helmets of 335 football players were instrumented with accelerometer arrays that measured head acceleration following head impacts sustained during play, resulting in data for 300,977 sub-concussive and 57 concussive head impacts. The average sub-concussive impact had a rotational acceleration of 1230 rad/s(2) and a rotational velocity of 5.5 rad/s, while the average concussive impact had a rotational acceleration of 5022 rad/s(2) and a rotational velocity of 22.3 rad/s. An injury risk curve was developed and a nominal injury value of 6383 rad/s(2) associated with 28.3 rad/s represents 50% risk of concussion. These data provide an increased understanding of the biomechanics associated with concussion and they provide critical insight into injury mechanisms, human tolerance to mechanical stimuli, and injury prevention techniques.
Low Temperature Ductile Shear Failure of Zr<sub>41.2</sub>Ti<sub>13.8</sub>Ni<sub>10</sub>Cu<sub>12.5</sub>Be<sub>22.5</sub> and Cu<sub>50</sub>Zr<sub>35</sub>Ti<sub>8</sub>Hf<sub>5</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub> Bulk Amorphous Alloys (2000)

Fractographic study of ductile shear failure under uniaxial compression of rod-like samples of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 and Cu50Zr35Ti8Hf5Ni2 bulk amorphous alloys at temperatures of 300 and 77 K is presented. Although the mechanisms of shear deformation and fracture appeared the same as in conventional amorphous alloys prepared in form of thin ribbons, some new fractographic features are observed, owing to the bulk character of the samples and also due to the large supercooled liquid region of these alloys.
Mortality risks of COPD for nonsmokers and smokers from a prospective cohort study of 390,269 subjects in Taiwan - Assessing involvement beyond the lungs (2012)

Background COPD is known to increase mortality in respiratory diseases, but is less known for its extra-pulmonary and lung cancer effect, particularly among nonsmokers Objectives To assess the risks of COPD subjects among smokers and nonsmokers and to quantify its mortality effect beyond the lungs. Method The cohort consisted of 390,269 adults, between 1994 and 2008, went through a fee-for-service, standard panel of health screening program. COPD was defined by Gold criteria. Mortality and cancer incidence were identified in an average of 8.5 years of follow-up. Cox proportionate model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) Results More men (4.6%) than women (3.8%) and more smokers (5.3%) than nonsmokers (3.7%) had COPD, with a mean age of 50. The excess all-cause mortality for smokers (HR: 2.51) was three times larger than nonsmokers (HR: 1.53), when compared to those without COPD. Not only smokers (4.5-fold) but also nonsmokers (1.4-fold) had lung cancer mortality significantly increased, implying the independent effect from COPD. Other than lung cancer and respiratory diseases, COPD had increased risks for CVD (HR: 1.76), including ischemic heart disease (HR: 1.63) and stroke (HR: 1.80), and kidney diseases (HR: 2.32). The extra-pulmonary causes constituted 77% for non-smokers and 58% for smokers. Conclusion Three quarters of the excess deaths among nonsmoking COPD subjects died from causes beyond the lungs. They had increases in stroke, heart, renal and infectious diseases, in addition to lung cancer. These extra-pulmonary risks, under-appreciated by clinicians and unaware of by the patients, are major challenges to overcome.
A General Theory of Magnetic Resonance Absorption (1954)

A general expression for the frequency-dependent susceptibility of a magnetic system is derived by a quantum-statistical method based on the linear theory of irreversible process. This fundamental equation provides a physical ground for the so-called Fourier transform method for computing the resonance line contour. The auto-correlation function, or the relaxation function of the magnetic moment, that is the Fourier transform of the absorption intensity distribution, can be expanded in terms of the perturbation energy, which is assumed to be responsible for changes of the resonance spectrum from the unperturbed distribution. A general method is shown how to choose from the expansion terms those which contribute to a particular line of interest. This is a generalization of the method of using projection operators. The customary moment method is examined from this point of view. Introducing a further assumption, we propose a method for computing the contour of resonance lines from the obtained expansion. This may be regarded as the quantum-mechanical formulation of the idea employed by Anderson and Weiss for the exchange narrowing problem of paramagnetic resonance. The problem of motional effect on the broadening is treated from this. general point of view. Particular applications of the theory to the motional effect of the dipolar broadening in nuclear magnetic resonance and to the exchange effect in paramagnetic cases are also discussed in detail. Some basic equations such as used by Bloembergen, Purcell and Pound for nuclear magnetic case are reexamined and corrected.
Development toward a double focusing isotopic separator for noble gas isotope enrichment (2016)

A double focusing sector field mass filter used in Nier-Johnson geometry has been built in order to perform Kr isotope enrichment for <sup>81</sup> Kr and <sup>85</sup> Kr isotopes. The principle consists in implanting Kr<sup>+</sup> ions accelerated at 7 keV in Al foils after separation using the magnetic sector. A specific ion source has been designed capable of generating high Kr<sup>+</sup> ion beams (>0.5 μA) to transfer into the collecting Al foils in 3 to 5 h significant fractions of large Kr samples (10<sup>15</sup> to 10<sup>16</sup> atoms) initially introduced in the instrument. Implanted Kr isotopes can be further selectively released from the Al foil by surface ablation using an infrared laser beam. Implantation yields and enrichment factors are measured using a conventional mass spectrometer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoconductivity studies of perylene tetracarboxyl-diimides (1985)

Photoconductivity of a series of perylene tetracarboxyl-dimides has been studied by delayed-collection-field and electric field induced fluorescence quenching techniques. It has been shown that these materials exhibit both extrinsic (impurity controlled) and intrinsic carrier generation originating from the first excited singlet state. Perylene tetracarboxyl-diimides are photoactive in the visible spectral range and their carrier generation efficiencies compare well with generation efficiencies in the best known organic photoconductors. This makes them suitable for xerographic applications using visible light.
Chiral Separation of Carboxymethyl Derivatives of Amines by Liquid Chromatography on Reversed-phase Silica Gel Coated with N-n-Dodecyl-L-hydroxyproline (1999)

Carboxymethyl derivatives of amines containing a chiral α-carbon were separated into enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography using octadecylsilanized silica gel coated with N-n-dodecyl-L-hydroxyproline as the stationary phase and an aqueous solution containing copper(II) as the mobile phase. Detection was by post-column reaction involving derivatization to tertiary amine and chemiluminescence reaction of ruthenium bipyridine complex.
Capacity control policies for MRP systems (1986)

SUMMARY Two types of heuristic capacity-control policies are evaluated using a simulation model of a materials-requirements-planning production system. The control-policy decisions are based solely on the size of the queue, as measured in standard hours of work, at each work centre in the production system. Several classes of product mixes and product structures and several levels of the control parameters of each policy, are investigated. The results indicate that each control policy gives rise to a unique population of weekly labour, work in process and intermediate inventory level. Product structure is identified as a major variable in materials-requirements-planning systems performance. Sensitivity analysis of the cost functions for each policy indicates the conditions under which it will minimize the sum of labour costs, work-in-process holding costs and inventory holding costs.
Green Solid Electrolyte with Cofunctionalized Nanocellulose/Graphene Oxide Interpenetrating Network for Electrochemical Gas Sensors (2017)

Abstract A cofunctionalized cellulose/graphene oxide (GO) proton‐conducting solid electrolyte with a 3D interpenetrating network structure is developed in an efficient and green strategy, and successfully applied in an electrochemical gas sensor for the detection of alcohol, namely an alcohol fuel‐cell sensor. With grafted sulfonic acid groups onto the surface of cellulose nanofibers and GO nanosheets, the membrane is endowed with proton conductivity along both the through‐plane and the in‐plane ion‐transport channels. The alcohol fuel‐cell sensor equipped with cofunctionalized cellulose/GO membrane demonstrates great responses to ethanol vapor at different concentrations, showing excellent linearity and sensitivity, as well as low ethanol‐detection limits approaching 25 ppm. This novel concept of developing a cofunctionalized cellulose/GO membrane opens a promising route for the application of ion‐conducting solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices, particularly in electrochemical gas sensors.
Classification, terminology, and application of the modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC) (2010)

This paper presents the modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC) family based on cascade connection of multiple reversible-chopper cells or multiple single-phase full-bridge cells. This converter family are classified from circuit configuration as follows; single-star bridge-cells (SSBC), singledelta bridge-cells (SDBC), double-star chopper-cells (DSCC), and double-star bridge-cells (DSBC). The term MMCC corresponds to a family name in a person while, for example, the term SSBC corresponds to a given name. Therefore, the term “MMCC-SSBC” can identify the circuit configuration without any confusion. Among the four circuit configurations, SSBC and DSCC are the most practical than the others in terms of cost and performance, although a distinct difference exists in application between SSBC and DSCC. This paper describes applications of SSBC and DSCC to a battery energy storage system and a motor drive, respectively.
Guiding hard x rays with glass polycapillary fiber (1993)

X rays can be guided through a polycapillary fiber by multiple total reflections from the smooth channel walls of the fiber. Using monochromatic Synchrotron Radiation at energies of 22 and 44 keV, we measured the efficiency of transmission of x rays through polycapillary fibers with channel diameters of about 13 {mu}m. Efficiencies of 57.3% and 54.5% for 22 keV and 44 keV x rays, respectively, were obtained with a 120-mm-long straight polycapillary fiber aligned with the incident beam. These values are close to the open fraction of the fiber, which is about 60%. In addition, transmission efficiency was measured as a function of the tilt angle between the incident beam and the axis of the fiber. We also measured the transmission efficiency as a function of the deflection angle for a 114-mm-long curved polycapillary fiber. The measurements are compared with a ray-tracing simulation.
Accel: A Corrective Fusion Network for Efficient Semantic Segmentation on Video (2019)

We present Accel, a novel semantic video segmentation system that achieves high accuracy at low inference cost by combining the predictions of two network branches: (1) a reference branch that extracts high-detail features on a reference keyframe, and warps these features forward using frame-to-frame optical flow estimates, and (2) an update branch that computes features of adjustable quality on the current frame, performing a temporal update at each video frame. The modularity of the update branch, where feature subnetworks of varying layer depth can be inserted (e.g. ResNet-18 to ResNet-101), enables operation over a new, state-of-the-art accuracy-throughput trade-off spectrum. Over this curve, Accel models achieve both higher accuracy and faster inference times than the closest comparable single-frame segmentation networks. In general, Accel significantly outperforms previous work on efficient semantic video segmentation, correcting warping-related error that compounds on datasets with complex dynamics. Accel is end-to-end trainable and highly modular: the reference network, the optical flow network, and the update network can each be selected independently, depending on application requirements, and then jointly fine-tuned. The result is a robust, general system for fast, high-accuracy semantic segmentation on video.
Zur Synthese von Peptiden mit Eigenschaften des Human‐Proinsulin‐C‐Peptids (<sub>h</sub>C‐Peptid), VI. Darstellung der Gesamtsequenz des Human‐Proinsulin‐C‐Peptids und seines [Glu<sup>9</sup>, Gln<sup>11</sup>]‐Analogen (1973)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Gesamtsequenz und die Reinigung des h C‐Peptids und seines [Glu 9 , Gln 11 ]‐Analogen werden beschrieben. Die letztere Verbindung wurde in guter Ausbeute und hoher Reinheit erhalten, während das h C‐Peptid selbst erst nach elektrophoretischer Reinigung in mäßiger Ausbeute isoliert wurde. Die Bindungskurve der beiden synthetischen Peptide an Meerschweinchen‐Antikörper gegen natürliches h C‐Peptid läuft der des natürlichen C‐Peptids parallel.