gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of W, Mo, and V Substituted Heteropolyacids for CO Mitigation in PEMFCs (2007)

A selection of eighteen different heteropolyacids (HPAs) were adsorbed onto Pt-on-carbon catalysts and investigated for enhanced proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) anode CO tolerance. Structures tested were Keggin, Wells–Dawson, and a "Wells–Dawson sandwich." Compositions were varied by replacing W or Mo addenda atoms with V atoms in the Keggin structures and W addenda atoms with Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, and Cu in the Wells–Dawson or Wells–Dawson sandwich structures. Of those tested, it was found that only Keggin-structured HPAs of composition where , 2, and 3 had significant activity toward CO oxidation. This performance increased with content. Using fuel poisoned with CO the addition of improved the current obtained at to 525 from in fuel cell polarization experiments. Anode polarization experiments showed a performance improvement of about with the addition of this same HPA. These HPAs were behaving as catalysts and were not simply improving the resistance of mass transport of the electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that HPAs exhibit reversible reductions and oxidations in the fuel cell electrode under PEMFC operating conditions. CO tolerance increases were only noticed for HPAs which were reduced and oxidized at low overpotentials.
Tensions in Cuban Property Law (1996)

Property law occupies center stage in the bilateral relations between the United States and Cuba. It represents an emotional flashpoint for foreign investors who lost property under the early years of Fidel Castro's government, and remains a concern for potential future investors, foreign and domestic. Cuban property law is a core concern today for broadly based, sustainable economic development for the Cuban people. Beginning in 1959, Cuba began a series of interventions in the land market designed to favor historically disadvantaged groups. Today, outstanding Cuban expropriations of U.S. property are valued at about $6 billion. This issue will need to be addressed as a precondition to normalization of relations.\nThe Cuban agrarian reform tracked the Mexican agrarian reform in many respects. It includes the "social function" rather than a market function for land. As in many other Latin American reforms, beneficiaries have limited ownership rights. Similarly, the Cuban authorities designed an urban market structure to benefit the poor, based on paternalistic assumptions. Property rights, both urban and rural, are documented at the Property Registry organized under the folio real system that exists in a number of other Latin American jurisdictions. The condition of property records in this registry may be a significant factor in any attempts to compensate former owners. More importantly, institutional confidence in the registry will be an economic precondition to development.\nFinally, bilateral relations between the United States and Cuba are characterized by acrimony and hyperbole. International partners call on the United States to be more conciliatory. Meanwhile, the United States maintains a trade embargo in retaliation for confiscations of property, half of which correspond to ten U.S. claimants, two-thirds of which correspond to the largest fifteen U.S. claimants; most of this loss has been written off already, it is suspected, on U.S. taxes. Both nations need to address development and normalization from technical, rather than ideological perspectives. In the future, it is likely some measure of privatization will be required. Property registry and cadastral reform is urgent. Tenure policy will require close examination to encourage participation in the land market, promote access to housing, preserve the environment, and sustain broadly based economic growth.
Community-Based Organizations Are Critical Partners in Providing Complete Cancer Care (2009)

In Canada people affected by cancer access psychosocial care and support from two systems. In the conventional medical system, psychosocial professionals focus mainly on screening for and treating those most distressed by their diagnosis. Many patients and family members go beyond this step to find information and support provided by community-based organizations (CBOS). This article outlines the components of complete cancer care effectively provided by CBOS and why the integration of the two systems of care is critical in delivering seamless high-quality psychosocial care for all.
Towards enabling hyper-responsive mobile apps through network edge assistance (2016)

Poor Internet performance currently undermines the efficiency of hyper-responsive mobile apps such as augmented reality clients and online games, which require low-latency access to real-time backend services. While edge-assisted execution, i.e. moving entire services to the edge of an access network, helps eliminate part of the communication overhead involved, this does not scale to the number of users that share an edge infrastructure. This is due to a mismatch between the scarce availability of resources in access networks and the aggregate demand for computational power from client applications. Instead, this paper proposes a hybrid edge-assisted deployment model in which only part of a service executes on LTE edge servers. We provide insights about the conditions that must hold for such a model to be effective by investigating in simulation different deployment and application scenarios. In particular, we show that using LTE edge servers with modest capabilities, performance can improve significantly as long as at most 50% of client requests are processed at the edge. Moreover, we argue that edge servers should be installed at the core of a mobile network, rather than the mobile base station: the difference in performance is negligible, whereas the latter choice entails high deployment costs. Finally, we verify that, for the proposed model, the impact of user mobility on TCP performance is low.
Planetary Nebulae surveys: Past, Present and Future (2010)

In this review we cover the detection, identification and astrophysical importance of planetary nebulae (PN). The legacy of the historic Perek & Kohoutek and Acker et al. catalogues is briefly covered before highlighting the more recent but significant progress in PN discoveries in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. We place particular emphasis on the major MASH and IPHAS catalogues, which, over the last decade alone, have essentially doubled Galactic and LMC PN numbers. We then discuss the increasing role and importance that multi-wavelength data is playing in both the detection of candidate PN and the elimination of PN mimics that have seriously biased previous PN compilations. The prospects for future surveys and current efforts and prospects for PN detections in external galaxies are briefly discussed due to their value both as cosmic distance indicators and as kinematical probes of galaxies and dark matter properties.
A closed-form solution for inverse kinematics of robot manipulators with redundancy (1987)

A closed-form solution formula for inverse kinematics of manipulators with redundancy is derived using the Lagrangian multiplier method. The proposed method is proved to provide the exact equilibrium state for the resolved-motion method. The repeatability problem in the resolved-motion method does not exist in the proposed method. The method is demonstrated to give more accurate trajectories than the resolved-motion method.
Low-latency interaction through choice-points, buffering, and cuts in Tactus (1994)

Multimedia streams usually require prefetching and buffering to ensure steady, glitch-free delivery to audio and video displays, but buffering causes undesirable latency. This latency may be manifested as startup delays, glitches, dropouts, and loss of synchronization. In interactive media presentations where there are a small number of choices, alternative streams can be prefetched to reduce latency. This technique is supported by the Tactus system, which manages the computation and synchronization of multimedia data. Tactus offers a systematic approach to prefetching, precomputation, choice points, and synchronous cuts. Tactus consists of an object-oriented client toolkit for media generation and a synchronization server for media presentation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrating multi-sensor acoustic and resistivity data for improved formation evaluation in the presence of drilling induced fractures (2006)

Drilling induced fractures are frequently encountered in wells that are drilled overbalanced. These fractures are\ntypically close to vertical and have the same direction as natural or hydraulically induced fractures that extend parallel to the maximum formation stress direction. The appearance of fractures filled with a mixture of oilbased\nmud and formation fluid changes resistivity\ndistribution around the borehole. This resistivity change affects the multiple components and multiple depths of\ninvestigation measurements of the modern induction tools differently depending on fracture orientation, fracture length, and formation resistivities. The fractures also create anisotropy in acoustic properties\naround the borehole, enabling them to be effectively detected/measured using a cross-dipole acoustic tool. Analysis of the measured induction data using advanced inversion and modeling techniques allows recovery of the fracture orientation and length as well\nas horizontal and vertical resistivities of the undisturbed formation. Analysis of the measured cross-dipole data allows the determination of the fracture intensity and orientation, which can be jointly used with the multicomponent\ninduction (3DEX) results to reduce\ninterpretation uncertainties and better characterize the fracture parameters.\n
[Control of the re-epithelialization of skin defects and burns]. (1990)

In an experimental study an attempt was made to compare the effect of the tetrachlorodekaoxygen anion complex (TCDO) with an aqueous KCl/CaCl2 solution of a defined molar concentration in hydrogel on the basis of skin defects, irradiated skin defects, and necrectomized burns of the skin of the back of naked euthymic guinea pigs. The wound healing of the irradiated skin defects and the necrectomized burns was found to be generally delayed. The use of the Kcl/CaCl2 solution in hydrogel, however, brought about a faster repair of the defects than the application of TCDO.
Genetic Mapping in Methylophilus methylotrophus AS1 (1983)

Prime plasmids have been isolated from Methylophilus methylotrophus AS1 using the IncP-1 plasmid pMO172. Such plasmids can complement mutant function when transferred to appropriate strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. From the range of particular functions complemented by each prime plasmid, a preliminary map of the M. methylotrophus AS1 genome with four groups of linked markers was obtained. Physical examination of two of these prime plasmids showed that each had acquired an additional DNA segment. Southern hybridization experiments showed there was sequence homology between the additional DNA segments and M. methylotrophus AS1 DNA, confirming that these prime plasmids carried a segment of the M. methylotrophus AS1 genome. Mapping by complementation may be applicable to other bacteria in which mutants suitable for selecting recombinants are not readily available.
Evaluation of the Sterility and Stability of Insulin from Multidose Vials Used for Prolonged Periods (1985)

Diabetic patients frequently use their insulin vials for prolonged periods, even though antibacterial preservatives used in multidose insulin vials are not required to be effective beyond 28 days. For this reason, we evaluated the antibacterial activity present in multidose insulin vials for up to 50 days. Multidose lente insulin vials were inoculated with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Vials incubated at room temperature (21 degrees C) were sterile by 48 hours, whereas when they were incubated at refrigerator temperatures (4 degrees C), S. aureus contamination persisted up to the 17th day and P. aeruginosa were killed after 10 days. The same vials were serially contaminated on days 17, 30, and 50, and a similar antibacterial effect was maintained. Sixty-nine multidose insulin vials used for an average of 53 days were cultured. Eight vials demonstrated bacterial contamination with 1 cfu/ml of S. epidermidis or Propionibacterium acnes. No endotoxin was detected in the multidose vials used for more than 28 days. Insulin assays on 40 multidose insulin vials used for more than 28 days showed an average insulin content of 101.6 +/- 1.9 units/ml. This study did not demonstrate significant bacterial contamination, endotoxin activity, or insulin degradation of multidose insulin in vials used for periods longer than 28 days. In addition, antibacterial preservatives were more effective at room temperature than at refrigerator temperature; thus, the practice of patients not refrigerating insulin vials is sensible.
A VCO Based Highly Digital Temperature Sensor With 0.034 °C/mV Supply Sensitivity (2016)

A self-referenced VCO-based temperature sensor with reduced supply sensitivity is presented. The proposed sensor converts temperature information to frequency and then into digital bits. A novel sensing technique is proposed in which temperature information is acquired by evaluating the ratio of the output frequencies of two ring oscillators, designed to have different temperature sensitivities, thus avoiding the need for an external frequency reference. Reduced supply sensitivity is achieved by employing the voltage dependence of junction capacitance, thus avoiding the overhead of a voltage regulator. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, the prototype can operate with supply voltages ranging from 0.85 V to 1.1 V. It achieves supply sensitivity of 0.034 °C/mV and an inaccuracy of ±0.9 °C and ±2.3 °C from 0 to 100 °C after 2-point calibration, with and without static nonlinearity correction, respectively. The proposed sensor achieves 0.3 °C resolution, and a resolution FoM of 0.3 nJK <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The prototype occupies a die area of 0.004 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Microdetermination of phosphate in water by gel-phase colorimetry with molybdenum blue (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrodetermination of phosphate in water by gel-phase colorimetry with molybdenum blueKazuhisa. Yoshimura, Masatoshi. Ishii, and Toshikazu. TarutaniCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 3, 591–594Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00294a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (528 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of myogenesis enables adipogenic trans‐differentiation in the C2C12 myogenic cell line (2001)

C2C12 cells are a well-established model system for studying myogenesis. We examined whether inhibiting the process of myogenesis via expression of dominant negative (DN) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-3 (MKK3) facilitated the trans-differentiation of these cells into adipocytes. Cells expressing DN MKK3 respond to rosiglitazone, resulting in adipocyte formation. The effects of rosiglitazone appear to be potentiated through peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-gamma. This trans-differentiation is inhibited by the use of the phosphoinositide-3 (PI3) kinase inhibitor, LY294002. These results indicate that preventing myogenesis through expression of DN MKK3 facilitates adipocytic trans-differentiation, and involves PI3 kinase signalling.
Novel 13-vertex metallocarborane complexes formed by polyhedral expansion of 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (1,2-B10C2H12) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel 13-vertex metallocarborane complexes formed by polyhedral expansion of 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (1,2-B10C2H12)Donald F. Dustin, Gary B. Dunks, and M. Frederick. HawthorneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 4, 1109–1115Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00785a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00785a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystallization and properties of <scp>l</scp>-lactate oxidase from <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (1968)

1. An original method was devised for purifying and crystallizing l-lactate oxidase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. 2. The crystalline enzyme exhibited a single protein component (S(0) (20,w) 14.7s) in the ultracentrifuge and also on electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. 3. The enzyme has a typical flavoprotein spectrum, and it was confirmed that the prosthetic group is FMN. 4. Preliminary studies indicated that the molecular weight is in the range 300000-400000. Since the minimum molecular weight was found to be 50000+/-3000, it was concluded that l-lactate oxidase contains 6-8moles of flavine/mole. 5. Other properties of the enzyme reported include the substrate specificity, an apparent K(m) for l-lactate, the effect of several inhibitors on the enzyme activity and the pH-activity curve.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) cards (2018)

Fingerprint analysis (dactylography) and the examination of dental records (odontology) are commonly used and relatively inexpensive investigative techniques for identifying missing persons or decedents. These approaches are inadequate for every case, and as commonly known, DNA testing offers a viable alternative. Despite the greater cost and time investment, emerging technologies and scientific advances in DNA analysis have expanded law enforcement officials’ ability to locate a missing person or identify a decedent. For example, one underutilized technique is the use of Phenylketonuria (PKU) test cards, or Guthrie cards. For decades, all state departments of health have collected neonate PKU records (also called infant blood spot cards), albeit with different retention schedules. Data from the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) indicates that there are more than 11,000 missing persons and more than 10,000 unidentified decedents currently being investigated by authorities in the United States. Often, decomposition, exposure to nature, or both complicate the identification of an unknown decedent. In these cases, information from post-mortem fingerprint analysis and dental records may be unavailable or insufficient for positive identification. However, DNA collected from the unknown decedent may be compared to neonatal PKU cards in countries or states that archive these records. This chapter describes PKU tests as a primary reference that can provide authorities with requisite DNA information and be used in diverse forensic settings—from recent incidents to cold cases, as well as from incidents occurring in urban or non-urban areas. The chapter also reviews current PKU card retention schedules, and offers recommendations to improve the availability of these records for law enforcement and medical professionals. Further, the chapter discusses the ethical issues involved in using PKU test results, including access to protected medical records, individual privacy, securing parental consent, etc., and the policy implications of obtaining such confidential health information are examined. Chapter sections include the background of PKU cards, as well as three specific discussions illustrating how existing PKU results can assist with missing persons, disaster victims, and death investigations.
Properties of Conjugated Protein Immunogens Which Selectively Stimulate Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (1975)

If bovine serum albumin (BSA) is covalently conjugated with dodecanoic acid, its ability to stimulate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is enhanced whereas its ability to stimulate antibody production is suppressed. Conjugates of BSA prepared with negatively charged succinyl groups and positively charged amidine groups were unable to stimulate any detectable DTH to BSA even though their ability to bind anti-BSA antibody in a radioimmunoassay was similar to that of dodecanoyl-BSA which stimulated strong, sustained DTH. By analyzing a series of conjugates of BSA with fatty acids of varying chain length, we found that enhancement of the ability of a preparation to stimulate DTH to BSA could be separated from the suppression of its ability to stimulate antibody formation. The ability of a preparation to stimulate DTH correlated with the covalent conjugation of a large number of hydrophobic groups whereas the suppression of the ability to stimulate antibody formation correlated with covering of antibody-combining sites as measured in a radioimmunoassay.
Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Multifunctional Polymer Ligands (2002)

In this letter, we describe the preparation of a versatile polymer ligand, which can be attached to CdSe/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals via a phase transfer reaction. The ligand is based on a chain of reactive esters, which can, in principle, be substituted by any compound containing amino-functionalities. The polymer/nanocrystal complexes are characterized in terms of structure and photostability.