gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The propagation of a scattered acoustic boundary wave over a rough wedge (1980)

The theory for the generation of a scattered acoustic boundary wave over a slightly rough planar surface has been developed by I. Tolstoy (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 66 1135-1144 (1979)) and experimentally verified by Medwin et al., (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 66 1131-1134 (1979)). In the present experiment the propagation of the boundary wave over a wedge is studied. It is found that the boundary wave and the geometrically spreading volume wave diffract from the crest in the same manner. The amplitude ratio of the boundary wave to the diffracted volume wave, where the growth of the boundary wave from the crest is due to a phased line source at the crest caused by the diffracting volume wave, was found to have an average frequency dependence, sq f, and an average range dependence, R to the 0.5 power. The amplitude ratio of boundary wave to diffracted volume wave due to propagation over the rough wedge gave an average frequency dependence of sq f and an average range dependence of R to the 0.3 power. Low wave number grazing propagation over a wedge produces a boundary wave whose amplitude can be many times that of a diffracted volume wave for a smooth surfaced wedge. (Author)
Activation of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by interleukin-15 without the mitogenic effect of interleukin-2 that may induce human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression. (1996)

The newly identified cytokine, IL-15 enhanced antigen-induced proliferation of PBMC obtained from HIV-1-seropositive subjects. When compared to IL-2 which enhanced both spontaneous and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses, IL-15 rarely increased spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, in cultures of lymphocytes obtained from 15 HIV-1-infected patients with < 300 circulating CD4- lymphocytes/microliter IL-15 induced significant HIV-1 expression (46, 21, and 71 pg/ml) in only 3 of 15 experiments and IL-2 induced significant HIV-1 expression (range 16- > 5000 pg/ml) in 11 of 15 experiments (P < 0.01, Fischer's exact test). Simultaneous assays of cytokine-induced spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation and HIV-1 expression revealed similar dose-response relationships for induction of HIV-1 and lymphocyte proliferation by IL-2. Thus, IL-15 helps to correct the impaired proliferative response of CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected persons without the mitogenic effect of IL-2 that also may induce HIV-1 expression.
A Comprehensive Analysis of CXCL12 Isoforms in Breast Cancer1,2 (2014)

CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 signaling promotes tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer. Alternative splicing of CXCL12 produces isoforms with distinct structural and biochemical properties, but little is known about isoform-specific differences in breast cancer subtypes and patient outcomes. We investigated global expression profiles of the six CXCL12 isoforms, CXCR4, and CXCR7 in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer cohort using next-generation RNA sequencing in 948 breast cancer and benign samples and seven breast cancer cell lines. We compared expression levels with several clinical parameters, as well as metastasis, recurrence, and overall survival (OS). CXCL12-α, -β, and -γ are highly co-expressed, with low expression correlating with more aggressive subtypes, higher stage disease, and worse clinical outcomes. CXCL12-δ did not correlate with other isoforms but was prognostic for OS and showed the same trend for metastasis and recurrence-free survival. Effects of CXCL12-δ remained independently prognostic when taking into account expression of CXCL12,CXCR4, and CXCR7. These results were also reflected when comparing CXCL12-α, -β, and -γ in breast cancer cell lines. We summarized expression of all CXCL12 isoforms in an important chemokine signaling pathway in breast cancer in a large clinical cohort and common breast cancer cell lines, establishing differences among isoforms in multiple clinical, pathologic, and molecular subgroups. We identified for the first time the clinical importance of a previously unstudied isoform, CXCL12-δ.
Analysis of Variance (1995)

The analysis of variance is a statistical toolbox for the comparison of two or more independent samples. It can, therefore, be viewed as a generalization of the comparison of two independent samples as in Section 2.3.
Comparative Evaluation of the Short-Term Bactericidal Potential of a Steroid-Antibiotic Combination versus Steroid in the Treatment of Chronic Bacterial Blepharitis and Conjunctivitis (1996)

The effects of four days' treatment with topical Maxitrol (neomycin sulphate 3500 IU/mL, polymyxin-B sulphate 6000 IU/mL with dexamethasone 0.1%) were compared with those of Maxidex (dexamethasone 0.1% alone) in a double-masked study in 111 patients with bacterial blepharitis or conjunctivitis, 95 of whom were evaluable for efficacy. The majority of patients (N = 80) had chronic blepharitis. Maxitrol treatment resulted in a significantly greater reduction (90%) in bacterial counts and bacterial eradication (50%) compared with Maxidex (34% and 17% respectively). Maxitrol treatment also produced a significantly greater reduction in conjunctival discharge than did Maxidex, while the treatments were equally effective in alleviating other ocular signs and symptoms. It was concluded that use of a fixed dose combination steroid-antibiotic product was more effective for bacterial control and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of chronic blepharitis and conjunctivitis patients than treatment with steroid alone. However, in the long-term treatment of chronic blepharitis the well-known toxic problems of neomycin sulphate have to be taken into account.
I. IN IgG MYELOMA. THE ROLE OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND MOLECULAR SHAPE (1970)

A B S T R A C T The hyperviscosity syndrome is an uncommon complication in IgG myeloma. Its occurrence has been ascribed to the presence in the serum of high molecular weight polymers of the IgG proteins. Three patients with IgG myeloma and the clinical hyperviscosity syndrome were investigated, none of whom had IgG polymers in the serum by analytical ultracentrifugation. Relative serum viscosity in these patients ranged
Purkinje Cell Ataxin-1 Modulates Climbing Fiber Synaptic Input in Developing and Adult Mouse Cerebellum (2013)

Previous studies indicate that while transgenic mice with ATXN1[30Q]-D776-induced disease share pathological features caused by ATXN1[82Q] having an expanded polyglutamine tract, they fail to manifest the age-related progressive neurodegeneration seen in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. The shared features include morphological alterations in climbing fiber (CF) innervation of Purkinje cells (PCs). To further investigate the ability of ataxin-1 (ATXN1) to impact CF/PC innervation, this study used morphological and functional approaches to examine CF/PC innervation during postnatal development in ATXN1[30Q]-D776 and ATXN1[82Q] cerebella. Notably, ATXN1[30Q]-D776 induced morphological alterations consistent with the development of the innervation of PCs by CFs being compromised, including a reduction of CF translocation along the PC dendritic tree, and decreased pruning of CF terminals from the PC soma. As previously shown for ATXN1[82Q], ATXN1[30Q]-D776 must enter the nucleus of PCs to induce these alterations. Experiments using conditional ATXN1[30Q]-D776 mice demonstrate that both the levels and specific timing of mutant ATXN1 expression are critical for alteration of the CF-PC synapse. Together these observations suggest that ATXN1, expressed exclusively in PCs, alters expression of a gene(s) in the postsynaptic PC that are critical for its innervation by CFs. To investigate whether ATXN1[30Q]-D776 curbs the progressive disease in ATXN1[82Q]-S776 mice, we crossed ATXN1[30Q]-D776 and ATXN1[82Q]-S776 mice and found that double transgenic mice developed progressive PC atrophy. Thus, the results also show that to develop progressive cerebellar degeneration requires expressing ATXN1 with an expanded polyglutamine tract.
A novel winding coupled-buck converter for high-frequency, high step-down DC/DC conversion (2003)

The buck converter is popularly used for stepdown DC/DC conversion when there is no isolation requirement. However, for high step-down, large output current applications such as voltage regulation modules (VRMs), it is no longer suitable, especially at high switching frequencies. The too-small duty cycle and large switching-related loss limit its performance. This paper proposes a novel topology, which is based on the use of additional coupled windings and can solve all these problems. An integrated magnetic structure is proposed for these windings so that the same magnetic cores can be used as in the buck converter. Furthermore, it is easy to implement a lossless clamp circuit to limit the device turn-off voltage spike and to recover inductor leakage energy. Experimental results obtained with a 12 V to 1.5 V/25 A VRM prove the significant improvement of the proposed topology at switching frequencies in excess of a megahertz.
Blind equalization algorithm based on cyclostationary property of IF signal (2002)

Conventional equalization algorithms in digital communication systems generally require an initial training period during which a known data sequence is transmitted and synchronized at the receiver, resulting in channel resource wasting and making the system more complex. For blind equalization algorithms, the intersymbol interference (ISI) can be eliminated without the initial training period. We advance a blind algorithm based on the cyclostationary property of IF signals, which overcomes the disadvantage of blind to phase information of the CM algorithm, and can converge efficiently in a phase distortion and frequency error system.
Pharmacokinetics of the Oral Direct Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren in Combination With Digoxin, Atorvastatin, and Ketoconazole in Healthy Subjects: The Role of P‐Glycoprotein in the Disposition of Aliskiren (2008)

This study investigated the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and modulators of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Aliskiren stimulated in vitro P-glycoprotein ATPase activity in recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells with high affinity (K(m) 2.1 micromol/L) and was transported by organic anion-transporting peptide OATP2B1-expressing HEK293 cells with moderate affinity (K(m) 72 micromol/L). Three open-label, multiple-dose studies in healthy subjects investigated the pharmacokinetic interactions between aliskiren 300 mg and digoxin 0.25 mg (n = 22), atorvastatin 80 mg (n = 21), or ketoconazole 200 mg bid (n = 21). Coadministration with aliskiren resulted in changes of <30% in AUC(tau) and C(max,ss) of digoxin, atorvastatin, o-hydroxy-atorvastatin, and rho-hydroxy-atorvastatin, indicating no clinically significant interaction with P-glycoprotein or CYP3A4 substrates. Aliskiren AUC(tau) was significantly increased by coadministration with atorvastatin (by 47%, P < .001) or ketoconazole (by 76%, P < .001) through mechanisms most likely involving transporters such as P-glycoprotein and organic anion-transporting peptide and possibly through metabolic pathways such as CYP3A4 in the gut wall. These results indicate that aliskiren is a substrate for but not an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. On the basis of the small changes in exposure to digoxin and atorvastatin and the <2-fold increase in exposure to aliskiren during coadministration with atorvastatin and ketoconazole, the authors conclude that the potential for clinically relevant drug interactions between aliskiren and these substrates and/or inhibitors of P-glycoprotein/CPY3A4/OATP is low.
A Novel Approach towards Secure IO Transactions Implementation and Validation for Smart Phones (2018)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel hardware architecture for secure mobile transactions and the same was validated at pre silicon level. The digital world is heading through mobile transactions and the major issue on these transactions are its “security concerns”. The software solutions which are currently available in the market are not reliable and “hack proof”. Here comes a security solution to enforce hardware security. This paper demonstrates how security can be implemented at hardware level and how it can help the platform to block hackers from accessing transaction information. Latest secure platform development, has put forward the concept of hardware security called “IO SECURITY”. The pre silicon validation for hardware security implementation is challenging as it needs to mimic the real use case scenarios and real software driver behavior. This paper will give an insight into the hardware implementation details, validation details and the innovations in validation for “IO SECURITY” mode of operation. The proposed circuit is implemented in 14 nm and 10 nm process and the scenario is also validated at silicon level.
Guillain-Barré syndrome in northern China Relationship to <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> infection and anti-glycolipid antibodies (1995)

Guillain-Barré syndrome has been considered to be primarily an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Our experience with Guillain-Barré syndrome in northern China differs from the traditional concept. Electrophysiologically and pathologically, most of our patients have motor axonal degeneration with minimal cellular inflammation, which we have termed 'acute motor axonal neuropathy' (AMAN). The current studies were undertaken to characterize prospectively the clinical, electrophysiological, and serological features of Guillain-Barré syndrome, defined clinically, in northern China. In 1991 and 1992, we characterized by electrodiagnostic criteria 129 Chinese patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The AMAN form was present in 65% of patients, the AIDP form in 24% and 11% were unclassifiable. For the 38 patients who presented from January to October, 1992, we performed serological assays for antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and to glycolipids. Of these 38 patients, 55% had AMAN, 32% had AIDP and 13% were unclassifiable. Sixty-six percent of the 38 had serological evidence of recent C. jejuni infection as compared with 16% of village controls (P = 0.001). Seventy-six percent of AMAN patients and 42% of AIDP patients were seropositive. IgG anti-GM1 antibodies were more frequent in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients compared with village controls (42% versus 6%; P < 0.01). However, no statistically significant correlations were found between the pattern of disease, AMAN or AIDP, anti-glycolipid antibodies, or C. jejuni antibodies. Based on electrophysiological criteria, Guillain-Barré syndrome in northern China can be divided into two predominant forms: AIDP and AMAN. The AMAN form is more common and predominates in the yearly summer outbreaks of Guillain-Barré syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intelligent agents: software servants for an electronic information world (and more!) (1994)

Intelligent agents help their userx with routine computer tasks, while still accommodating individual habits. This article is the first appearing in ONLINE on the topic of intellignet agents. We will therefore introduce the concept, discuss some of the properties of agents, the need for agent technology in a number of areas, and then focus on information retrieval, discussing several interesting software systems that exhibit agent functionality
A signal-averaging technique for the analysis of human muscle sympathetic nerve activity (1992)

We present a signal-averaging technique for analysis of human muscle sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Nerve traffic was averaged by coupling signal acquisition to electrocardiographic R waves. The amplitude of the averaged waveform was multiplied by the number of R waves sampled to provide a measure of SNA in arbitrary units. This was compared with SNA measured by manual digitization of hard-copy records. In nine volunteers, SNA was increased or decreased with stepwise infusions of nitroprusside or phenylephrine: there were 10 5-min periods of data in each subject. Across all subjects, the correlation between manual and signal-averaged measures of SNA was excellent during both nitroprusside (r = 0.98) and phenylephrine infusions (r = 0.91) and the slopes of the regression lines were near unity. In three periods of data collection, electrical artifacts were added randomly at frequencies of 0.5 and 0.07 Hz during playback of the signal into the computer. Signal-averaged estimates of SNA were unaffected by artifacts. This technique provides reliable observer-independent measures of SNA.
Dispersion compensation for 10 Gb/s lightwave systems based on a semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulator (1995)

For 10 Gb/s lightwave systems based on a semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulator, the following dispersion compensating schemes are examined theoretically; asymmetry in the splitting ratio of the modulator input Y-branch waveguide, linear equalization using an analog delay line equalizer, dispersion compensating fiber, and direct prechirping for NRZ signals. It is shown that the combination of an asymmetric input Y-branch waveguide push-pull operation of the optical modulator, and dispersion compensating fiber offers the best dispersion limited transmission performance. With dispersion compensating fiber, a larger portion of the optical power is applied to the arm of the modulator with more absorption, whereas without dispersion compensating fiber. A larger portion of the optical power is applied to the arm of the modulator with less absorption.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-Robot Collision Avoidance under Uncertainty with Probabilistic Safety Barrier Certificates (2019)

Safety in terms of collision avoidance for multi-robot systems is a difficult challenge under uncertainty, non-determinism and lack of complete information. This paper aims to propose a collision avoidance method that accounts for both measurement uncertainty and motion uncertainty. In particular, we propose Probabilistic Safety Barrier Certificates (PrSBC) using Control Barrier Functions to define the space of admissible control actions that are probabilistically safe with formally provable theoretical guarantee. By formulating the chance constrained safety set into deterministic control constraints with PrSBC, the method entails minimally modifying an existing controller to determine an alternative safe controller via quadratic programming constrained to PrSBC constraints. The key advantage of the approach is that no assumptions about the form of uncertainty are required other than finite support, also enabling worst-case guarantees. We demonstrate effectiveness of the approach through experiments on realistic simulation environments.
Local homology recognition and distance measures in linear time using compressed amino acid alphabets (2004)

Methods for discovery of local similarities and estimation of evolutionary distance by identifying k-mers (contiguous subsequences of length k) common to two sequences are described. Given unaligned sequences of length L, these methods have O(L) time complexity. The ability of compressed amino acid alphabets to extend these techniques to distantly related proteins was investigated. The performance of these algorithms was evaluated for different alphabets and choices of k using a test set of 1848 pairs of structurally alignable sequences selected from the FSSP database. Distance measures derived from k-mer counting were found to correlate well with percentage identity derived from sequence alignments. Compressed alphabets were seen to improve performance in local similarity discovery, but no evidence was found of improvements when applied to distance estimates. The performance of our local similarity discovery method was compared with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) used in MAFFT, which has O(L log L) time complexity. The method for achieving comparable coverage to FFT is revealed here, and is more than an order of magnitude faster. We suggest using k-mer distance for fast, approximate phylogenetic tree construction, and show that a speed improvement of more than three orders of magnitude can be achieved relative to standard distance methods, which require alignments.
Swelling of Fluoroelastomers in Synthetic Lubricants (1983)

Abstract Viton A elastomers of variable crosslink density show high swelling in a diester-based lubricant only after heat aging, e.g. , at 175°C for three days. Volume increase data in methylethyl ketone and 100% modulus reveal that heat aging induces considerable decrosslinking. Swelling tests in pure diesters and the corresponding Flory-Huggins interaction factors indicate a sharp decrease in the entropy term (of the Hildebrand-Scott equation) of some of the interaction factors upon heat aging. High swelling seems to occur only if the size of the liquid molecules does not exceed a limit since otherwise their diffusion into the elastomer network is hindered. Such a hindrance may be attributed to a large entropy term. Heat aging appears to increase the above limit to molecular size thus diminishing the entropy term and permitting large amounts of swelling even in certain of those liquids whose diffusion into the network was hindered before heat aging.
The Permeability of Different Rubbers to Gases and Its Relation to Diffusivity and Solubility (1946)

As the permeability of rubber-like substances to gases stands in relation to the solubility and rate of diffusion of the gases in those materials, these individual values should be known. The permeability of a membrane was measured manometrically and the diffusivity was derived from the time-lag of the permeation. The solubility of the gas was computed from the permeability and the diffusivity, in addition to which the solubility was also found by direct measurement. In this way eight different gases were tested with nine elastomers at different temperatures. It appeared that the permeability of a membrane to a given gas is not affected by the presence of a second gas. The differences in permeability of different elastomers to a given gas are caused mainly by differences in rate of diffusion and only in a very minor degree to differences in solubility. The differences in permeability of the same elastomer to different gases are caused not only by differences in rate of diffusion but also by differences in solubility. A linear relationship is found between the logarithm of the solubilities of different gases in natural rubber and their critical temperatures, so the higher the critical temperature of a gas, the better does it dissolve. The presence of polar groups in an elastomer reduces the solubility of non-polar gases and increases the solubility of polar gases in the elastomer. The various rubbers behave towards gases like organic liquids. The activation energy of the diffusion and the heat of solution were calculated from the temperature function of the diffusivity and the solubility. As the diameter of the molecule of the gas increases, the rate of diffusion decreases, while the activation energy of the diffusion becomes greater. The presence of polar groups and methyl groups in elastomers causes low rate of diffusion, which involves a great activation energy of diffusion. It is presumed that the activation energy of the diffusion is required to separate the rubber molecules for the displacement of the gas molecules. The attempt to elucidate the constant D0 in the equation D=D0 exp (−E/RT)—which proves to be a function of the activation energy of the diffusion E— by reference to one of the formulas published in the literature failed. An empirical formula was drawn up, by which D0 is directly related to the activation energy E.