gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning recognition and segmentation of 3-D objects from 2-D images (2002)

A framework called Cresceptron is introduced for automatic algorithm design through learning of concepts and rules, thus deviating from the traditional mode in which humans specify the rules constituting a vision algorithm. With the Cresceptron, humans as designers need only to provide a good structure for learning, but they are relieved of most design details. The Cresceptron has been tested on the task of visual recognition by recognizing 3-D general objects from 2-D photographic images of natural scenes and segmenting the recognized objects from the cluttered image background. The Cresceptron uses a hierarchical structure to grow networks automatically, adaptively, and incrementally through learning. The Cresceptron makes it possible to generalize training exemplars to other perceptually equivalent items. Experiments with a variety of real-world images are reported to demonstrate the feasibility of learning in the Cresceptron.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fermi-Level-Pinning Defects in Highly<i>n</i>-Doped Silicon (1997)

Based on first-principles calculations and analysis of x-ray absorption measurements, an unconventional mechanism is proposed for the saturation of carriers in highly $n$-doped Si. The mechanism is Fermi-level pinning from a new class of defect centers containing two separated but interacting dopant atoms with no associated Si vacancies. The number of such centers increases sharply at high doping levels. A simple model provides very good agreement with the maximum carrier concentrations observed in Si.
Frequency-tunable anti-Stokes line emission by eigenmodes of a birefringent microstructure fiber (2004)

Birefringent microstructure fibers are shown to allow efficient generation of frequency-tunable anti-Stokes line emission as a result of nonlinear-optical spectral transformation of unamplified femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser pulses. Femtosecond pulses of 820-nm pump radiation polarized along the fast and slow axes of the elliptical core of the microstructure fiber generate intense blue-shifted lines centered at 490 and 510 nm, respectively, observed as bright blue and green emission at the output of a 10-cm microstructure fiber.
The Relation between Particle Size of Iron Oxides and Pigment Compatibility (1963)

形のちがった酸化鉄について,粒子の大きさと,顔料としての諸性質との関係について調べた。試料としては,(1)硫酸鉄の加水分解により成長させたGoethiteの針状粒子,(2)Goethiteを脱水してえられる針状形Hematite,(3)水酸化鉄(III)の加圧水熱処理により生成する立方形Hematiteの3種類について粒子の大きさと,陰ぺい力,吸油量,色との関係を検討し次の結果をえた。顔料粒子に光が当った場合,粒子径が小さいほど表面反射が増し,陰ぺい力,明度ともに大きくなる。ところが,その大きさが光の波長以下の微小粒子になると,普通の反射,屈折と異なった光の散乱,回折などの現象により顔料が透明性をおびてくる。したがって粒子の大きさと,陰ぺい力,明度との間においては最大点が見出され,またその最大点は陰ぺい力の場合と,明度の場合とで,粒子径が近似している。すなわち,(1)針状形Goethiteの場合,粒子の幅150～177mμ で陰ぺい力,明度ともに最大値を示した。(2)針状形Hematiteの場合,粒子の幅150mμ 付近で陰ぺい力は最大,約113mμ で明度が最大であった。(3)立方状Hematiteの場合,粒子径186mμ以下では未だ陰ぺい力,明度ともに最大点が見出せなかった。
Feature fusion and redundancy pruning for rush video summarization (2007)

This paper presents a video summarization technique for rushes that employs high-level feature fusion to identify segments for inclusion. It aims to capture distinct video events using a variety of features: k-means based weighting, speech, camera motion, significant differences in HSV color space, and a dynamic time warping (DTW) based feature that suppresses repeated scenes. The feature functions are used to drive a weighted k-means based clustering to identify visually distinct, important segments that constitute the final summary. The optimal weights corresponding to the individual features are obtained using a gradient descent algorithm that maximizes the recall of ground truth events from representative training videos. Analysis reveals a lengthy computation time but high quality results (60% average recall over 42 test videos) as based on manually-judged inclusion ofdistinct shots. The summaries were judged relatively easy to view and had an average amount of redundancy.
Multipath video transport over ad hoc networks (2005)

Real-time multimedia transport has stringent bandwidth, delay, and loss requirements. It is a great challenge to support such applications in wireless ad hoc networks, which are characterized by frequent link failures and congestion. Using multiple paths in parallel for a real-time multimedia session (called multipath transport) provides a new degree of freedom in designing robust multimedia transport systems. In this article, we describe a framework for multipath video transport over wireless ad hoc networks, and examine its essential components, including multistream video coding, multipath routing, and transport mechanisms. We illustrate by three representative examples how to extend existing video coding schemes in order to fully explore the potential of multipath transport. We also examine important mechanisms in different layers for supporting multipath video transport over ad hoc networks. Our experiments show that multipath transport is a promising technique for efficient video communications over ad hoc networks.
Error probability in synchronous digital circuits due to power supply noise (2007)

This paper presents a probabilistic approach to model the problem of power supply voltage fluctuations. Error probability calculations are shown for some 90-nm technology digital circuits. The analysis here considered gives the timing violation error probability as a new design quality factor in front of conventional techniques that assume the full perfection of the circuit. The evaluation of the error bound can be useful for new design paradigms where retry and self-recovering techniques are being applied to the design of high performance processors. The method here described allows to evaluate the performance of these techniques by means of calculating the expected error probability in terms of power supply distribution quality.
Ribosomes and protein synthesis : a practical approach (1990)

Isolation and analysis of ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes and organelles, G.Spedding initiation of protein synthesis, A.J.Wahaba et al purification of elongation factors form Artemia Salina, G.M.C.Janssen et al peptidyltransferase - the soluble protein EF-P restores the efficiency of 70S ribosome-catalyzed peptide-bond synthesis, Dae-Gyun Chung et al termination of protein synthesis, W.P.Tate and C.Thomas Caskey design and use of a fast and accurate In Vitro translation system, M.Ehrenberg et al new techniques for the analysis of intre-RNA and RNA-protein cross-linking data from ribosomes, R.Brimacombe et al reconstitution of ribosomes, K.H.Nierhaus coupled transcription-translation of ribosomal proteins, G.A.Mackie a hybrid selection technique for analyzing E.Colt MRNA - applications to the study of ribosomal protein operons, J.M.Zengel et al analysis of RRNA structure experimental and theoretical considerations, J.Christiansen et al site-directed mutagenesis of E.Colt ribosomal RNA, W.E.Tapprich et al electron microscopy of ribosomes, M.Buoblik.
Vasomotor Innervation Fields of Peripheral Nerves Supplying the Hand (2004)

This study's purpose was to thermographically investigate the innervation fields of peripheral nerves to arteries of the hand and compare these neurovascular patterns to established somatosensory patterns. Seventeen normal adult volunteers received peripheral nerve blocks to the radial, median, and ulnar nerves. Palmar and dorsal thermo-graphic images of the hand were taken to identify regions of hyperemia, revealing the vasomotor innervation field for each peripheral nerve. Peripheral nerve vascular innervation patterns displayed marked similarity to somatosensory patterns, with the notable exception that the radial nerve does not appear to innervate vessels of the hand. The vascular innervation field of the ulnar nerve in the hand appears identical to its somatosensory field, whereas, innervation to the remainder of the hand's vasculature seems solely supplied by the median nerve. These findings may help identify neurovascular etiologies of some nontraditional symptom patterns, which may have been previously diagnosed as having no organic cause.
The Back Squat (2014)

Fundamental movement competency is essential for participation in physical activity and for mitigating the risk of injury, which are both key elements of health throughout life. The squat movement pattern is arguably one of the most primal and critical fundamental movements necessary to improve sport performance, to reduce injury risk and to support lifelong physical activity. Based on current evidence, this first (1 of 2) report deconstructs the technical performance of the back squat as a foundation training exercise and presents a novel dynamic screening tool that incorporates identification techniques for functional deficits that limit squat performance and injury resilience. The follow-up report will outline targeted corrective methodology for each of the functional deficits presented in the assessment tool.
Polymorphisms in the GST (M1 andT1) gene and their possible association with susceptibility to childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in Indian population (2006)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in the detoxification of several environmental mutagens, carcinogens and anticancer drugs. GST polymorphisms resulting in decreased enzymatic activity have been associated with several types of solid tumors. We determined the frequencies of the deletion of two GST subfamilies genes, M1 and T1, in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Using polymerase chain reactions, we analyzed the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype in 135 patients with ALL (01-10 years) and 146 age matched controls. The prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 homozygous resulting in null genotypes at the GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci were detected 60 (44.44%) and 48 (35.55%) patients, and 61 (41.75%) and 23 (15.75%) controls, respectively. The presence of at least one GST deletion proved to be an independent prognostic risk factor for response to treatment. In conclusion, individuals with GSTM1 or GSTT1 deletions (or deletions of both) may have an enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and a shorter survival.
An approach to the study of phase separation in ternary aqueous systems (1968)

1. Simple thermodynamic expressions are used to describe the properties of uncharged binary and ternary polymer solutions, in particular the sedimentation equilibrium of binary systems and the osmotic pressures and ;incompatible' phase separations of ternary systems. 2. Sedimentation-equilibrium experiments were performed on four samples of dextran and two of polyethylene glycol. The critical points of the phase diagrams were determined for the mixed solutions of polyethylene glycol-dextran-water and of polyethylene glycol-bovine serum albumin-0.2m-sodium chloride solution. Osmotic pressures were measured on a single-phase mixed solution of a polyethylene glycol and a dextran. By use of the simple thermodynamic expressions consistent values of second virial and interaction coefficients for the materials used were obtained from these experiments. 3. The interpretation of the values of the second virial and interaction coefficients, on the basis of three models of molecular interaction, is discussed.
The quantitation of biotinylated compounds by a solid‐phase assay using a <sup>125</sup>I‐labelled biotin derivative (1987)

The biotin analogue biotinylglycyltyrosine has been synthesized and labelled to a specific activity of 2000 Ci/mmol with 125I. This analogue has been used in conjunction with immobilized streptavidin in an assay which detects as little as 1 fmol biotin or biotinylated molecules in solution. The determination of biotinylated insulin in a tissue extract and the quantitation of a transcription assay are given as examples.
Taiwan's mid-1990s elections: taking the final steps to democracy (1999)

Preface The Context and Significance of Taiwan's Mid-1990s Elections The 1994 Gubernatorial and Mayoral Elections The 1995 Legislative Yuan Election The 1996 Presidential, Vice Presidential, and National Assembly Elections Conclusions Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Bibliographic Essay Index
Hydrolysis in Some Aqueous Salt Solutions (1895)

Some years ago, in an investigation on the affinity of organic bases, I was led to study the amount of decomposition suffered by various salts when dissolved in water, for a knowledge of this amount gives us a method of comparing the relative strengths of weak bases. When these bases are made to unite with a given acid, the extent to which the resulting salts are decomposed, in equivalent aqueous solutions, into acid and base, depends directly on the strength of the various bases. The same process of decomposition by water, or hydrolysis, can also be made use of to determine the strengths of weak acids, and experiments in this direction have been executed by Lellmann and his pupils, and by Shields. As the amount of free acid or free base in a hydrolysed solution cannot be determined directly by neutralisation, on account of the progressive disturbance of the chemical equilibrium involved in the process, it must be determined by taking advantage of some property of the acid or base which is susceptible of accurate measurement, and does not destroy the chemical equilibrium, or else does so in a manner amenable to calculation.
Evaluation of Rate‐Responsive Pacemakers by Transesophageal Holter Monitoring of Spontaneous Atrial Rate (1990)

One of the most important problems in rate responsive (RR) pacing is the clinical experimental evaluation of the reliability of various sensors. In particular, it is difficult to test their sensitivity and specificity during daily activity of the patients. Atrial rate, when present and normal, is the most physiological marker of metabolic requirements, but sometimes it is impossible to analyze the P wave in ventricular paced rhythm during routinely performed tests (e.g., ergometric test and 24-hour Holter monitoring). During various physical activities, we monitored atrial electrograms on an esophageal lead on the first channel of a standard Holter tape recorder; on the second channel a surface ECG lead was recorded. We selected 10 patients with high grade heart block and normal sinus node function paced in RR-VVI mode. RR pacing was obtained using various sensors (body activity, blood temperature, spike-T interval, minute ventilation). The good quality of recording allowed an easy evaluation of atrial and ventricular rates. In four cases an appropriate increase in heart rate was documented; sensitivity threshold and/or rate response slope were reprogrammed when indicated. The pacing rate of one patient did not parallel the atrial rate during walking only. In three cases, we observed a delay in the ventricular rate increase, with ventricular rate decreasing at peak exercise despite further atrial rate increase. In the last two patients, we observed inappropriate pacing response; pacing rate increased later and to a lower level than the atrial one. This new method is applied easily and appears reliable to evaluate the response of RR pacemakers to individual metabolic needs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SNOPT: An SQP Algorithm for Large-Scale Constrained Optimization (2002)

Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods have proved highly effective for solving constrained optimization problems with smooth nonlinear functions in the objective and constraints. Here we consider problems with general inequality constraints (linear and nonlinear). We assume that first derivatives are available and that the constraint gradients are sparse. We discuss an SQP algorithm that uses a smooth augmented Lagrangian merit function and makes explicit provision for infeasibility in the original problem and the QP subproblems. SNOPT is a particular implementation that makes use of a semidefinite QP solver. It is based on a limited-memory quasi-Newton approximation to the Hessian of the Lagrangian and uses a reduced-Hessian algorithm (SQOPT) for solving the QP subproblems. It is designed for problems with many thousands of constraints and variables but a moderate number of degrees of freedom (say, up to 2000). An important application is to trajectory optimization in the aerospace industry. Numerical results are given for most problems in the CUTE and COPS test collections (about 900 examples).
IV영급 곰솔 해안방재림의 물질현존량 확장계수 및 상대생장식 (2014)

본 연구에서는 충청남도 서천군 해안방재림에 분포하고 있는 IV영급 곰솔림을 대상으로 수형 특성, 바이오매스 구성비, 바이오매스 추정식, 줄기밀도 및 현존량, 바이오매스 확장계수 등을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 직경급을 고려하여 총 10본의 표본목을 선정한 후 벌채하였으며, 흉고직경(D)과 흉고직경(D) 수고(H)...
Towards the establishment of a framework for intuitive multi-touch interaction design (2012)

Intuition is an important yet ill-defined factor when designing effective multi-touch interactions. Throughout the research community, there is a lack of consensus regarding both the nature of intuition and, more importantly, how to systematically incorporate it into the design of multi-touch gestural interactions. To strengthen our understanding of intuition, we surveyed various domains to determine the level of consensus among researchers, commercial developers, and the general public regarding which multi-touch gestures are intuitive, and which of these gestures intuitively lead to which interaction outcomes. We reviewed more than one hundred papers regarding multi-touch interaction, approximately thirty of which contained key findings we report herein. Based on these findings, we have constructed a framework of five factors that determine the intuition of multi-touch interactions, including direct manipulation, physics, feedback, previous knowledge, and physical motion. We further provide both design recommendations for multi-touch developers and an evaluation of research problems which remain due to the limitations of present research regarding these factors. We expect our survey and discussion of intuition will raise awareness of its importance, and lead to the active pursuit of intuitive multi-touch interaction design.
<title>Image photometry applied to measuring visual displays</title> (2001)

The image photometer measures the photometric characteristics of part or all of a scene stored as photometrically valid image data obtained from a calibrated electronic camera. The technology can offer significant advantages over other photometric methods for measuring visual displays. We review the characteristics of the components of the image photometer and its calibration and discuss how they affect the validity and reliability of its measurements. We also discus how specific design features affect the robustness and ease of use of the display measurement process. The costs and benefits of image photometry are compared to the current alternative photometric measurement technologies.
Colites Infectieuses (2002)

La colite infectieuse est une pathologie courante, Elle engendre habituellement des diarrhées aiguës. Le diagnostic différentiel des diarrhées aiguës comprend les infections coliques, les lésions d'origine médicamenteuse, les Maladies Inflammatoires Cryptogéniques de l'Intestin (MICI), les lésions coliques ischémiques et des désordres de type fonctionnel tels que le côlon irritable. Un diagnostic précis n'est pas toujours facile. Dans beaucoup de cas, les lésions d'origine médicamenteuse doivent être prises en compte. Les biopsies sont d'une grande utilité dans le diagnostic non seulement de colite (diagnostic différentiel avec les désordres d'origine fonctionnelle) mais également dans le diagnostic différentiel entre les colites infectieuses et les MICI. L'aspect microscopique des colites infectieuses est très variable. Dans la majorité des cas, il n'existe pas d'aspect histologique spécifique. Le diagnostic histologique repose à la fois sur la présence d'une inflammation aiguë et sur l'absence d'aspect histologique suggestif de MICI. Quelques infections virales mycotiques ou bactériennes ont un aspect microscopique suggérant un diagnostic précis, diagnostic confirmé quand l'agent pathogène est mis en évidence sur les coupes histologiques.
Application of TCAD software for numerical simulation of power semiconductor devices (2002)

The author presents a review of simulation and modeling possibilities, both for semiconductor device structures and process technologies. ISE TCAD software is introduced to illustrate some examples.
Disialosyl galactosylgloboside as an adhesion molecule expressed on renal cell carcinoma and its relationship to metastatic potential. (1996)

Aberrant glycosylation expressed in specific types of human cancer may define stage, direction, and fate of tumor progression. Well-studied examples are expression of sialosyl-Lewis(x) or sialosyl-Lewis(a) in colorectal carcinoma and histo-blood group A and H/Le(y) in lung cancer. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), expression of sialosyl-Lewis(x) has no correlation with metastatic potential. Clinicopathological studies have revealed that the degree of expression of disialosyl galactosylgloboside (DSGG) and monosialosyl galactosylgloboside is correlated with metastatic potential (to lung and lymph nodes) of RCC and inversely correlated with patient survival. In the present study, we compared the adhesion of RCC lines to sections of various tissues measured by Stamper-Woodruff assay and other similar assays under dynamic flow conditions. Of the eight RCC lines tested, only TOS-1 (which expresses DSGG) bound strongly to lung tissue sections. TOS-1 did not bind to sections of liver, kidney, or lymph nodes. In the same eight RCC lines, we also compared expression of DSGG and monosialosyl galactosylgloboside (reflected by reactivity with RM1 and RM2), overall ganglioside patterns, and correlation with lung tissue-binding ability. Under both static and dynamic flow conditions, the binding of TOS-1 cells to lung alveolar tissue was correlated with their DSGG expression, i.e., the binding was inhibited by RM2 but not by RM1. This binding was also inhibited by sialidase but not by EDTA (i.e., it was CA 2+ independent). The other seven cell lines (TOS-2, TOS-M, SMKT-R1, -R2, -R3, and -R4, and ACHN), which do not express DSGG, showed much weaker adhesion to lung tissue. None of the eight cell lines showed E- or P-selectin-dependent adhesion. These results suggest the existence of a yet-uncharacterized sialoadhesive receptor++ that specifically recognizes DSGG. This receptor could be the binding target in RCC metastasis to lung.
Can Infections Cause Alzheimer's Disease? (2013)

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia among older adults, yet more than a century of research has not determined why this disease develops. One prevailing hypothesis is that late-onset AD is caused by infectious pathogens, an idea widely studied in both humans and experimental animal models. This review examines the infectious AD etiology hypothesis and summarizes existing evidence associating infectious agents with AD in humans. The various mechanisms through which different clinical and subclinical infections could cause or promote the progression of AD are considered, as is the concordance between putative infectious agents and the epidemiology of AD. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases for research articles pertaining to infections and AD and systematically reviewed the evidence linking specific infectious pathogens to AD. The evidence compiled from the literature linking AD to an infectious cause is inconclusive, but the amount of evidence suggestive of an association is too substantial to ignore. Epidemiologic, clinical, and basic science studies that could improve on current understanding of the associations between AD and infections and possibly uncover ways to control this highly prevalent and debilitating disease are suggested.
The Architecture Of Auracle: A Real-Time, Distributed, Collaborative Instrument (2004)

Description