gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A weak germ-line excision mutation blocks developmentally controlled amplification of the rDNA minichromosome of Tetrahymena thermophila. (1994)

During development of the somatic macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila, the rDNA is excised from its germ-line chromosome, rearranged into a palindrome, and amplified to 10(4) copies. We have identified a cis-acting germ-line mutation, rmm11/6, that prevents amplification of the rDNA in all but approximately 1 in 10(5) cells when it is the only rDNA allele in the developing macronucleus. The rmm11/6 mutation resides in a conserved element required for excision, the chromosome breakage sequence (Cbs) flanking the 3' end of the rDNA. Surprisingly, the rmm11/6 mutation only weakly affects excision of the rDNA from its germ-line location; at least 25% of cells heterozygous for this mutation correctly excise the affected rDNA allele. In heterozygotes, when this rDNA allele is excised, it is also poorly amplified. The rDNA amplification defect caused by this mutation is not overcome by delaying amplification with the DNA synthesis inhibitor aphidicolin, indicating that rDNA excision and amplification are not experimentally separable. Our experiments provide the first evidence that the capacity to amplify the rDNA is restricted in the developing macronucleus. We propose that the rmm11/6 mutation delays excision of the rDNA and that the developmental progression of the macronucleus past a restricted window for amplification is responsible for the severe amplification defect caused by this weak rDNA excision mutation.
The electronic structure of transition metal complexes containing organic ligands (1975)

The He(I) and He(II) photoelectron spectrum of iron tricarbonyl cyclobutadiene are reported and interpreted with the aid of ab initio SCF MO calculations. The bonding in the complex is calculated to be similar to that in iron tricarbonyl butadiene [1], and as in the case of this molecule the assignment of the photoelectron spectrum is assisted by the relative intensities of the He(I) and He(II) spectra. The application of Koopmans' theorem to the interpretation of the bands arising from the metal MO's is again found to be inaccurate.
Effects of Initial Thermal Cleaning Treatment of a Sapphire Substrate Surface on the GaN Epilayer (1999)

We investigated the effects of the in situ thermal cleaning treatment of a (0001) sapphire substrate surface in hydrogen ambient on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of epitaxial GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Hall effect, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence measurements of GaN films grown at 1040°C clearly indicate that the film quality is strongly affected by the thermal cleaning treatment of the substrate surface. GaN films under the optimized thermal cleaning treatment at 1070°C for 10 min showed minimum full-widths at half maximum (FWHMs) of 273 arcsec and 728 arcsec for (002) and (102) XRD peaks, respectively. In addition, the FWHM of the band-edge emission peak was as narrow as 28.3 meV, and the intensity ratio between the band edge emission and the yellow band emission was as high as 100 at room temperature. It was also found that the roughness of sapphire surface was reduced after the thermal treatment.
Dental Composites/Glass Ionomers: the Materials (1992)

Most commercial dental composites contain liquid dimethacrylate monomers (including BIS-GMA or variations of it) and silica-containing compositions as inorganic reinforcing filler particles coated with methacrylate-functional silane coupling agents to bond the resin to the filler. They also contain initiators, accelerators, photo-initiators, photosensitizers, polymerization inhibitors, and UV absorbers. Durability is a major problem with posterior composites. The typical life-span of posterior composites is from three to 10 years, with large fillings usually fewer than five years. Polymerization shrinkage and inadequate adhesion to cavity walls are remaining problems. Some pulp irritation can occur if deep restorations are not placed over a protective film. Some have advocated the use of glass-ionomer cement as a lining under resin composite restorations in dentin. The concept of glass-ionomer cements (GICs) was introduced to the dental profession in the early 1970's. Current GICs may contain poly(acrylic acid) or a copolymer. Higher-molecular-weight copolymers may also be used to improve the physical properties of some GICs. Stronger and less-brittle hybrid materials have been produced by the addition of water-soluble compatible polymers to form light-curing GIC formulations. The ion-leachable aluminosilicate glass powder, in an aqueous solution of a polymer or copolymer of acrylic acid, is attacked by the hydrated protons of the acid, causing the release of aluminum and calcium ions. Salt bridges are formed, and a gel matrix surrounds the unreacted glass particles. The matrix is adhesive to mineralized tissues. Provisions must be made for maintenance of the water balance of restorations for the first 24 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SOA-based regenerative amplification of phase noise degraded DPSK signals (2005)

SOA-based regenerative amplification of phase noise degraded DPSK signals is demonstrated for a single and two non-demultiplexed channels. Q-factor improvement is 1.6 dB in the single channel and about 0.8 dB in the two channel regime.
The Design of Superachromatic Lenses (1963)

The history of achromatic lenses is briefly reviewed. The latest development is the superachromat, which is corrected for four colors. Since the dispersion of glass can be represented by an equation containing four constants, the superachromat is practically corrected for all colors. The application of the superachromatic principle to thick lenses is described and it is shown that a compound lens can be made superachromatic by making each of its separate components superachromatic.
Noise in an AlGaAs semiconductor laser amplifier (1982)

The noise characteristics in a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity type semiconductor laser amplifier, biased at just below its oscillation threshold current, have been studied theoretically and experimentally. Quantum mechanical multimode rate equations containing a Langevin shot noise source and an input signal term were numerically solved for an exponential band-tail model with no <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> -selection rule. Noise power calculated using this rate equation was compared with a simpler photon statistic master equation method. The experimental results on noise power for an AlGaAs laser amplifier are in reasonable agreement with the two different theoretical predictions. Dominant noise powers in a semiconductor laser amplifier are beat noise powers between signal and spontaneous emission, and between spontaneous emission components. Noise characteristics in a Fabry-Perot cavity type laser amplifier can be improved both by the reduction of the facet mirror reflectivities and by use of an asymmetric cavity configuration with low-input and high-output mirror reflectivities. Two beat noise powers are expressed in simple analytic form by introducing an equivalent noise bandwidth and an excess noise coefficient as figures of merit in an optical amplifier.
Comparison of the Clinical Effectiveness of Oseltamivir and Zanamivir against Influenza Virus Infection in Children (2008)

Oseltamivir and zanamivir were equally effective in reducing the febrile period of children with influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B virus infection.
Gene therapy approaches for lysosomal storage disorders, a good model for the treatment of mendelian diseases (2012)

Lysosomal storage disorders represent a good model of study of gene therapeutic procedures that are, or could be, relevant to the treatment of several other mendelian diseases.
Micro Fabry-Perot interferometers in silica fibers machined by femtosecond laser (2007)

Micro Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometers (MFPIs) are machined in a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) by using a near-infrared femtosecond laser, respectively. The strain and temperature characteristics of the two MFPIs with an identical cavity length are investigated and the experimental results show that the strain sensitivity of the PCF-based MFPI is smaller than that of the SMF-based MFPI due to their different waveguide structures, while the two MFPIs have close temperature sensitivities due to their similar host materials. These MFPIs in silica fibers are compact, stable, inexpensive, capable for mass-production and easy fabrication, offering great potentials for wide sensing applications.
Differential gene expression in cumulus cells as a prognostic indicator of embryo viability: a microarray analysis (2008)

Besides the established selection criteria based on embryo morphology and blastomere number, new parameters for embryo viability are needed to improve the clinical outcome of IVF and more particular of elective single-embryo transfer. Genome-wide gene expression in cumulus cells was studied, since these cells surround the oocyte inside the follicle and therefore possibly reflect oocyte developmental potential. Early cleavage (EC) was chosen as a parameter for embryo viability. Gene expression in cumulus cells from eight oocytes resulting in an EC embryo (EC-CC; n = 8) and from eight oocytes resulting in a non-EC (NEC) embryo (NEC-CC; n = 8) was analysed using microarrays (n = 16). A total of 611 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.01), mainly involved in cell cycle, angiogenesis, apoptosis, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor signalling, general vesicle transport and chemokine and cytokine signalling. Of the 25 selected differentially expressed genes analysed by quantitative real-time PCR 15 (60%) genes could be validated in the original samples. Of these 8 (53%) could also be validated in 24 (12-EC-CC and 12 NEC-CC) extra independent samples. The most differentially expressed genes among these were CCND2, CXCR4, GPX3, CTNND1 DHCR7, DVL3, HSPB1 and TRIM28, which probably point to hypoxic conditions or a delayed oocyte maturation in NEC-CC samples. This opens up perspectives for new molecular embryo or oocyte selection parameters which might also be useful in countries where the selection has to be made at the oocyte stage before fertilization instead of at the embryonic stage.
Free Radical Addition of Thiophenol to 3-Substituted 1-Alkyne with or without Migration of the Substituents (1988)

Abstract Thiophenol reacts with 3-phenylthio- and 3-bromo-1-alkyne in the presence of radical initiator to give 1,2-bis(phenylthio)-1-alkene and 2-bromo-1-phenylthio-1-alkene.
Correlation of opiate receptor affinity with analgetic effects of meperidine homologs (1976)

The affinity for opiate receptor sites in brain tissue in a series of N-substituted meperidine homologues has been compared with the analgetic potency of these compounds in mice. There is a good correlation between affinity for opiate receptor binding sites assayed in the presence of sodium and analgetic potency for homologues whose N-substituent has six or fewer carbons. The apparent discrepancy between the weak affinity of these drugs for opiate receptors and their fairly potent analgetic effects in vivo can be explained by meperidine's efficient penetration into brain.
Human immunoglobulin biosynthesis in a serum-free medium. (1984)

We have previously reported that human peripheral blood lymphocytes are able to survive and undergo blastogenesis when cultured under serum-free conditions. Now we report that peripheral blood lymphocytes are capable of producing immunoglobulins in response to polyclonal activation during culture for 10 days in medium consisting of one part Ham's F-12 and one part Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, bovine crystalline insulin, human transferrin, 2-mercaptoethanol, and bovine serum albumin. Immunoglobulin levels in tissue culture supernatants obtained on day 10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were analyzed using a new computer program. Pokeweed mitogen was used as the polyclonal activator, and it stimulated immunoglobulin biosynthesis as well in serum-free medium as in medium that contained fetal calf serum. Immunoglobulin production in serum-free medium began on day 4 and continued through day 9, with peak production on days 5 to 8. Optimal conditions in serum-free medium were: PWM dose, 1:400 to 1:800; day of harvest, 10; and cell concentration, 3.5 X 10(5) cells in 200 microliters of medium per well. Use of this serum-free medium will allow examination of the effects of various additives to tissue culture without concern for unknown factors, components, influences, or potential interaction with serum.
Fuzzy genetic controllers for the autonomous rendezvous and docking problem (1995)

Autonomous rendezvous and docking has been dlefined as one of the primary goals in today's space technology.
Bacterial interaction with host autophagy (2019)

Autophagy is a conserved and fundamental cellular process mainly to recycle or eliminate dysfunctional cellular organelles or proteins. As a response to cellular stress, autophagy is used as a defense mechanism to combat the infection with pathogenic bacteria. However, many intracellular bacteria have developed diverse mechanisms to evade recognition, to manipulate the autophagic pathway, and to hijack the autophagosomal compartment for replication. In this review, we discuss recent understandings on how bacteria interact with host autophagy.
Narrow band defect luminescence from Al-doped ZnO probed by scanning tunneling cathodoluminescence (2011)

We present an investigation of optically active near-surface defects in sputtered Al-doped ZnO films using scanning tunneling microscope cathodoluminescence (STM-CL). STM-CL maps suggest that the optically active sites are distributed randomly across the surface and do not correlate with the granular topography. In stark contrast to photoluminescence results, STM-CL spectra show a series of sharp, discrete emissions that characterize the dominant optically active defect, which we propose is an oxygen vacancy. Our results highlight the ability of STM-CL to spectrally fingerprint individual defects and contribute to understanding the optical properties of near-surface defects in an important transparent conductor.
Purification of lectin induced in the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae on injury. (1980)

A lectin was purified from the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae, obtained after injury of their body wall. This lectin agglutinated sheep red blood cells markedly and the hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by galactose and lactose. The active lectin was found to have a molecular weight of 190,000 and to consist of four alpha subunits and two beta subunits, with molecular weights of 32,000 and 30,000, respectively. During the early pupal stage, similar hemagglutinating activity in the hemolymph increased to several times than in larval hemolymph. This activity was completely inhibited by the antibody prepared against the lectin purified from the hemolymph of injured larvae. Thus, the same protein having lectin activity is apparently induced under two different physiological conditions: injury of the body wall of larvae and during pupation. The biological significance of this lectin is discussed.
Facile Synthesis of Flower-Like Copper-Cobalt Sulfide as Binder-Free Faradaic Electrodes for Supercapacitors with Improved Electrochemical Properties (2017)

Supercapacitors have been one of the highest potential candidates for energy storage because of their significant advantages beyond rechargeable batteries in terms of large power density, short recharging time, and long cycle lifespan. In this work, Cu-Co sulfides with uniform flower-like structure have been successfully obtained via a traditional two-step hydrothermal method. The as-fabricated Cu-Co sulfide vulcanized from precursor (P-Cu-Co sulfide) is able to deliver superior specific capacitance of 592 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>-1</sup> and 518 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 10 A g<sup>-1</sup> which are surprisingly about 1.44 times and 2.39 times higher than those of Cu-Co oxide electrode, respectively. At the same time, excellent cycling stability of P-Cu-Co sulfide is indicated by 90.4% capacitance retention at high current density of 10 A g<sup>-1</sup> after 3000 cycles. Because of the introduction of sulfur during the vulcanization process, these new developed sulfides can get more flexible structure and larger reaction surface area, and will own richer redox reaction sites between the interfaces of active material/electrolyte. The uniform flower-like P-Cu-Co sulfide electrode materials will have more potential alternatives for oxides electrode materials in the future.
Analysis of field effect transistors with arbitrary charge distribution (1963)

Solutions of field effect equations in which carrier density and space-charge distributions are considered in general form show that the LF terminal characteristics are not strongly dependent on the shape of the distribution curves. General expressions for mutual transconductance, output conductance, junction capacitance and current amplification are derived as functions of the depletion layer thickness at the device boundaries. These expressions are not explicitly dependent on charge distribution. Relationships between the small-signal and dc terminal characteristics depend on the shape of the charge distribution curves but cannot be varied by more than a factor of two. The shape of the device is shown to have secondary importance.
Adaptive image sequence noise filtering methods (1991)

Two adaptive approaches for nonstationary filtering of image sequences are presented and experimentally compared. According to the first approach, a recursive spatio-temporal motion- compensated (MC) estimator is applied to the noisy sequence that adapts to the local spatial and temporal signal activity. A separable 3-D estimator is proposed that consists of three coupled 1-D estimators; its input is the noisy image plus additional signals that contain spatial information provided by a simple edge-detector or temporal information provided by the MC backward difference (registration error). The steady-state gain and the parameters of this separable estimator are computed by closed form formulae, thus allowing a very efficient implementation. According to the second approach, the noisy signal is first decomposed into a stationary and a nonstationary part based on an estimate of its local mean and deviation. A minimum variance estimator of the local mean and deviation of the observed signal is used. After the current mean is subtracted from the observed signal and the signal is normalized by using the current deviation, a relatively simple noise filter is used for filtering the stationary part. The above methods are applied to the filtering of noisy video-conference image sequences for various levels of noise. Both methods show a very satisfactory performance taking into consideration their simplicity and computational efficiency.
Automated Point-of-Care Image Processing Methodology for the Diagnosis of Malaria (2013)

Malaria has profoundly influenced human history for over four thousand years and despite numerous attempts at eradication, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malaria have been largely ineffective. More than five hundred million people are affected by malaria every year resulting in over one million deaths. Drug resistance development by the parasite has diminished the effectiveness of numerous treatment options due, in part, to overtreatment of negative patients based on insufficient clinical algorithms and diagnostic methods. The goal of this research was to develop an image analysis algorithm to diagnose malaria with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in addition to performing auxiliary features that offer substantial clinical utility.\nThe image analysis algorithm was initially implemented using a novel point-of-care hematology analyzer, known as the Abbott Laboratories Imaging Platform (ALIP), for the computation of complete blood counts. This facilitated a simultaneous malaria diagnosis and complete blood count that can be used to con_rm or reject malaria infection based on hemoglobin and platelet results. The image analysis algorithm exhibited a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.7%, outperforming the most commonly used malaria diagnostic instruments. The parasitemia of malaria specimen was automatically calculated to within 0.13% of the actual parasitemia determined by microscopy review. Infected red blood cell indices were calculated and showed a negligible variance in hemoglobin content, but a slight increase in cell volume due to the inclusion of the intraerythrocytic parasite. All four erythrocytic stages were identifiable using the ALIP by the detection of intraerythrocytic hemozoin. All information may be presented to the clinician in less time than any current malaria diagnostic method.\nThe supplementary information made available by a device like the ALIP allows clinicians to make a more informed diagnosis and determine appropriate treatment methods on a patient-by-patient basis. The application of the image processing methodology with ALIP-like devices will contribute to the early detection of malaria, reduce disease transmission, limit unnecessary exposure to antimalarial drugs, improve resource waste in endemic regions, and has the capacity to save over 100,000 lives annually.
Generation of new oncogenic murine retroviruses by cotransfection of cloned AKR and MH2 proviruses. (1989)

We have obtained a set of oncogenic recombinant retroviruses, the 3RV complex, by cotransfecting murine fibroblasts (SC-1 cells) with plasmids containing the cloned genomes of the avian MH2 and murine AKR viruses. The transfected culture (TAM-2) was shown to release murine transforming viruses by means of reverse transcription and focus formation assays. Analysis of TAM-2 intracellular RNA revealed new transcripts hybridizing with the oncogenes myc and mil and cross-hybridizing with an AKR probe. The biological activity of the 3RV complex was tested for the induction of murine macrophage proliferation in the absence of exogenous growth factors, a property described as the result of mil and myc cooperativity. Cell-free supernatants from 3RV transformed fibroblasts were indeed able to induce the proliferation of macrophage-like cells from murine bone marrow and spleen primary cultures. Such cultures were capable of continuous growth and showed independence from exogenous myeloid growth factors. The cells expressed antigenic markers and functional properties specific of the monocytic-macrophage lineage. These results suggest that transfection-induced recombination could be a novel way to generate biologically active recombinant retroviruses.
Principles of the molecular construction of multienzyme templates for peptide biosynthesis in integrated reaction sequences. (1991)

The amino acid sequences of the genes coding for four multienzyme peptide synthetases, operating by the thiotemplate mechanism are compared, to show underlying principles in the biosynthetic mechanism. Alignment with other carboxylic acid activating enzymes shows the sequences. LAY(V/I)I(Y/F)TSGT(T/S)GxPKGV and GELx(L/I)GGxG(V/I) to be involved in MgATP2-binding and adenylate formation, and two other sequences, one containing the element FxLGG(H/D)S(I/L) to be involved in covalent binding of the amino acid. As a general rule, 1000 amino acid building blocks are responsible for the incorporation of one amino acid into the nascent peptide.