gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Quantification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 in Cattle Feces (2011)

Cattle are asymptomatic reservoirs for Escherichia coli O157, a major foodborne pathogen. The organism generally colonizes the hindgut of cattle and is shed in the feces at low concentrations. The objective of this research was to evaluate a multiplex, real-time polymerase chain reaction (mqPCR) assay for quantification of E. coli O157 in cattle feces using stx1, stx2, and rfbE gene targets. Primer efficiency and analytical sensitivity of the assay were evaluated with a single or pooled (five strain) culture of E. coli O157. In pure culture, the minimum detection limit of the assay was 1.4×10(3) CFU/mL and 3.6×10(3) CFU/mL for the single and five-strain mixture of E. coli O157, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity was analyzed using DNA extracted from cattle feces spiked with E. coli O157. In feces spiked with the pooled mixture of five E. coli O157 strains, the minimum detection limit was 3.6×10(4) CFU/g. We also evaluated the assay with feces from cattle experimentally inoculated with E. coli O157 by comparing the results to a culture-based method. For the majority of samples tested, the concentration of E. coli O157 detected by the real-time and culture methods was within one log difference. However, the assay could only be evaluated for cattle shedding high concentrations of E. coli O157. In conclusion, the mqPCR quantifying E. coli O157 in cattle feces using stx1, stx2, and rfbE gene targets may have use in detecting and quantifying super shedders, but is not applicable for quantification in animals shedding low concentrations (10(2) to 10(3) CFU/g feces).
The Intracellular Domain of ErbB4 Induces Differentiation of Mammary Epithelial Cells (2006)

Differentiation of mammary epithelium in vivo requires signaling through prolactin- and ErbB4/HER4-dependent mechanisms; how these pathways intersect is unknown. We show herein that HC11 mouse mammary cells undergo ErbB4-dependent lactational differentiation. Prolactin and the ErbB4 ligand HB-EGF each induced STAT5A activation, expression of lactogenic differentiation markers, and lumen formation in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures in HC11 cells. ErbB4 undergoes ligand-dependent transmembrane domain cleavage at Val-675, releasing a soluble 80-kDa intracellular domain (s80(HER4)) that localizes to nuclei; the physiological relevance of s80(HER4) is unknown. A HER4(V675A) mutant abolishing transmembrane cleavage impaired STAT5A activity, lactogenic gene expression, and lumen formation. Kinase-dead HER4(KD) was neither cleaved nor able to induce differentiation of HC11 cells. Without treating HC11 cells with prolactin or HB-EGF, s80(HER4) (expressed from a cDNA construct) localized to the nucleus, activated STAT5A, and induced three-dimensional lumen formation. Nuclear localization of exogenous s80(HER4) required intact kinase activity of s80(HER4), as did activation of STAT5A. In contrast, nuclear localization of s80(HER4) and STAT5A activation did not require the 16-amino acid region of the ErbB4 intracellular domain specific to the Cyt-1 isoform of ErbB4, and absent in the Cyt-2 isoform. These results suggest that s80(HER4) formation contributes to ErbB4-dependent differentiation of mammary epithelial cells.
To Battle Surface Traps on CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals: Shell Isolation versus Surface Treatment (2016)

Electronic traps at the inorganic-organic interface of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are detrimental to their luminescent properties. Several types of interface traps were identified for single-crystalline CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs, which were all found to be extrinsic to either the core/shell structure or their optical performance. The electron traps-presumably excess or unpassivated Cd surface sites-are shallow ones and could be readily isolated from the electron wave function of the excitons with more than ∼2 monolayers of CdS shell. There were two identifiable deep hole traps within the bandgap of the QDs, i.e., the surface adsorbed H2S and unpassivated surface S sites. The surface adsorbed H2S could be removed by either degassing processes or photochemical decomposition of H2S without damaging the QDs. The unpassivated surface S sites could be removed by surface treatment with cadmium carboxylates. Understanding of the surface traps enabled establishment of new phosphine-free synthetic schemes for either single-precursor or successive-ion-layer-adsorption-and-reaction approach, which yielded CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and monoexponential photoluminescence decay dynamics with 2-10 monolayers of CdS shell.
Optical detection of charge modulation in silicon integrated circuits using a multimode laser-diode probe (1987)

This paper reports on the detection of sheet charge densities in silicon devices using an improved noninvasive optical probe based on the detection of free-carrier optical dispersion using a multilongitudinal-mode 1.3-µm semiconductor laser. The improved system incorporates a differential detection technique and a Wollaston prism that allows the use of the multimode laser. These changes increase stability, sensitivity, and bandwidth, allow near shot-noise limited operation, reduce required optical power, and simplify the apparatus. The technique can be applied to probe electronic signals or, conversely, to modulate light using controlled electronic signals. Simple demonstrations of each application are presented.
Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes Prepared by Direct Deposition of Ultrathin Platinum on the Membrane Surface (1999)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes were fabricated using a plasma‐sputtering technique that deposits platinum directly on the surface of the Nafion electrolyte. This thin catalyst layer showed remarkable improvement in utilization efficiency, defined as the utilizable portion of the total deposited catalyst. This efficiency, equivalent to loading of platinum, is about ten times higher than that of the electrodes produced by conventional methods. Application of carbon/Nafion ink on the bare Nafion surface prior to the initial sputtering, and repetition of the sputtering followed by the application of the ink on the treated surface after each sputtering, greatly enhanced the utilization efficiency of the loaded platinum. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Design of multiplexer universal-logic-module networks using spectral techniques (1980)

A technique is described for the optimal synthesis of n-variable combinational logic circuits with Multiplexer universal logic modules, which may readily be implemented without excessive computer storage requirements. The method requires knowledge of the Rademacher-Walsh spectrum, which is an alternative representation of the truthtable vector of the function being considered. It makes use of a property of chosen subsets of these spectra coefficients, which when operated upon can give good indications of the merits of particular decompositions. It is found that an optimal choice of control input variables, and hence aminimal number of multiplexer modules in the realisation, can be made by relatively few tests on the spectral coefficient values.
Performance analysis and framework optimization of open source cloud storage system (2016)

More and more embedded devices, such as mobile phones, tablet PCs and laptops, are used in every field, so huge files need to be stored or backed up into cloud storage. Optimizing the performance of cloud storage is very important for Internet development. This paper presents the performance evaluation of the open source distributed storage system, a highly available, distributed, eventually consistent object/blob store from OpenStack cloud computing components. This paper mainly focuses on the mechanism of cloud storage as well as the optimization methods to process different sized files. This work provides two major contributions through comprehensive performance evaluations. First, it provides different configurations for OpenStack Swift system and an analysis of how every component affects the performance. Second, it presents the detailed optimization methods to improve the performance in processing different sized files. The experimental results show that our method improves the performance and the structure. We give the methods to optimize the object-based cloud storage system to deploy the readily available storage system.
A Deep Generative Model for Disentangled Representations of Sequential Data. (2018)

We present a VAE architecture for encoding and generating high dimensional sequential data, such as video or audio. Our deep generative model learns a latent representation of the data which is split into a static and dynamic part, allowing us to approximately disentangle latent time-dependent features (dynamics) from features which are preserved over time (content). This architecture gives us partial control over generating content and dynamics by conditioning on either one of these sets of features. In our experiments on artificially generated cartoon video clips and voice recordings, we show that we can convert the content of a given sequence into another one by such content swapping. For audio, this allows us to convert a male speaker into a female speaker and vice versa, while for video we can separately manipulate shapes and dynamics. Furthermore, we give empirical evidence for the hypothesis that stochastic RNNs as latent state models are more efficient at compressing and generating long sequences than deterministic ones, which may be relevant for applications in video compression.
Synthesis and evaluation of new 3-substituted-4-chloro-thioxanthone derivatives as potent anti-breast cancer agents (2015)

A series of 3-substituted-4-chloro-thioxanthones and their corresponding S , S -dioxidethioxanthone derivatives were designed and synthesized. The effects of our synthesized compounds on cell viability toward the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines were evaluated. The most active compound was 4f, which was active against the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines with respective IC 50 values of 7.2 and 3.9 μM. Interestingly, compound 4f did not impair cell viability of the cardiac myoblast H9C2 cell line (IC 50 > 25 μM), indicating that this compound might not exhibit cytotoxic effects on the normal cardiac cells. Further, compounds 4b , 4f , 4j , 4s , 5b , 5f , 5j, and 5s were characterized by the NCI screening system. Results revealed that compounds 4f and 4s had effective anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines. Finally, our results indicated that the 3-substituted-4-chloro-thioxanthone derivatives have the potential to be further developed as promising small molecules for anticancer applications.
ChemInform Abstract: L10 FePtX‐Y Media for Heat‐Assisted Magnetic Recording (2014)

Abstract Review: 152 refs.
Fast Subspace Tracking Algorithm Based on the Constrained Projection Approximation (2009)

We present a new algorithm for tracking the signal subspace recursively. It is based on an interpretation of the signal subspace as the solution of a constrained minimization task. This algorithm, referred to as the constrained projection approximation subspace tracking (CPAST) algorithm, guarantees the orthonormality of the estimated signal subspace basis at each iteration. Thus, the proposed algorithm avoids orthonormalization process after each update for postprocessing algorithms which need an orthonormal basis for the signal subspace. To reduce the computational complexity, the fast CPAST algorithm is introduced which has complexity. In addition, for tracking the signal sources with abrupt change in their parameters, an alternative implementation of the algorithm with truncated window is proposed. Furthermore, a signal subspace rank estimator is employed to track the number of sources. Various simulation results show good performance of the proposed algorithms.
Complete sequence of the human mucin MUC4: a putative cell membrane-associated mucin (1999)

The MUC4 gene, which encodes a human epithelial mucin, is expressed in various epithelial tissues, just as well in adult as in poorly differentiated cells in the embryo and fetus. Its N-terminus and central sequences have previously been reported as comprising a 27-residue peptide signal, followed by a large domain varying in length from 3285 to 7285 amino acid residues. The present study establishes the whole coding sequence of MUC4 in which the C-terminus is 1156 amino acid residues long and shares a high degree of similarity with the rat sialomucin complex (SMC). SMC is a heterodimeric glycoprotein complex composed of mucin (ascites sialoglycoprotein 1, ASGP-1) and transmembrane (ASGP-2) subunits. The same organization is found in MUC4, where the presence of a GlyAspProHis proteolytic site may cleave the large precursor into two subunits, MUC4alpha and MUC4beta. Like ASGP-2, which binds the receptor tyrosine kinase p185(neu), MUC4beta possesses two epidermal growth factor-like domains, a transmembrane sequence and a potential phosphorylated site. MUC4, the human homologue of rat SMC, may be a heterodimeric bifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein of 2.12 micrometers. These results confer a new biological role for MUC4 as a ligand for ErbB2 in cell signalling.
Antiphase domain free growth of GaAs on Ge in GaAs/Ge/GaAs heterostructures (1990)

GaAs/Ge/GaAs heterostructures have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates with nominally (100) and (100) tilted 4° towards [01̄1] orientations. High-energy electron diffraction is used to study the antiphase boundaries of the GaAs grown on epitaxial Ge. We have observed the annihilation of GaAs antiphase boundaries on Ge grown on (100) GaAs substrates. GaAs on Ge grown on tilted substrates is observed to be free of antiphase domains.
Efficiency comparisons between k-centers and k-means algorithms (2015)

This paper proposes an under-sampling method with an algorithm which guarantees the sampling quality called k-centers algorithm. Then, the efficiency of the sampling using under-sampling method with k-means algorithm is compared with the proposed method. For the comparison purpose, four datasets obtained from UCI database were selected and the RIPPER classifier was used. From the experimental results, our under-sampling method with k-centers algorithm provided the Accuracy, Recall, and F-measure values higher than that obtained from the under-sampling with k-means algorithm in every dataset we used. The Precision value from our k-centers algorithm might be lower in some datasets, however, its average value computed out of all datasets is still higher than using the under-sampling method with k-means algorithm. Moreover, the experimental results showed that our under-sampling method with k-centers algorithm also decreases the Accuracy value obtained from the original data less than that using the under-sampling with k-means algorithm.
NEUTRONS BY ALPHA-PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT OF LIGHT ELEMENTS<sup>1</sup> (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNEUTRONS BY ALPHA-PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT OF LIGHT ELEMENTS1C. S. COPELANDC. S. COPELANDMore by C. S. COPELAND and S. C. LINDS. C. LINDMore by S. C. LINDCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1938, 42, 5, 567–574Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1938https://doi.org/10.1021/j100900a002Request reuse permissions Article Views38Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (365 KB) Get e-Alerts
PAI-1 inhibits neutrophil efferocytosis (2008)

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, also called efferocytosis, is an essential feature of immune responses and critical for the resolution of inflammation. Plasma and tissue levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, are elevated in inflammatory conditions, including sepsis and acute lung injury, in which activated neutrophils accumulate in tissues and contribute to organ dysfunction. In this study, we explored the potential involvement of PAI-1 in modulating neutrophil efferocytosis. We found enhanced phagocytosis of viable PAI-1 deficient (PAI-1(-/-)) and of wild-type neutrophils treated with anti-PAI-1 antibodies. PAI-1 levels were decreased on the surface of apoptotic neutrophils and the enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic wild-type neutrophils or of viable PAI-1(-/-) neutrophils was diminished by preincubation with PAI-1. The increased phagocytosis associated with PAI-1 deficiency or blockade depended on both the lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and its ligand, calreticulin (CRT), because the LRP-mediated increase in phagocytosis of viable neutrophils induced by blockade of CD 47 was abrogated by PAI-1. CRT levels are increased on viable PAI-1(-/-) neutrophils. While CRT colocalizes with PAI-1 on viable neutrophils, markedly diminished colocalization of PAI-1 and CRT was present on apoptotic neutrophils. Our data therefore indicate that PAI-1 serves as a novel "don't eat me" signal for viable and apoptotic neutrophils.
High-Temperature Performance of All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries Having Li/Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub>Interfaces Modified with Au Thin Films (2018)

Li metal is very attractive as a negative electrode material for high-energy-density all-solid-state batteries owing to its high specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, short-circuiting of batteries upon formation of Li dendrites is a serious issue that hinders its successful practical application. An advantage of all-solid-state batteries is their inherent safety at high temperatures. In this study, the high-temperature performance of all-solid-state Li-metal batteries containing sulfide-glass electrolytes was investigated. Symmetric cells with Li3PS4 electrolytes exhibited better Li dissolution-deposition performance at 100°C than at 25°C. In addition, inserting Au thin films at the Li/Li3PS4 interface enabled stable operation of the symmetric cells at high current density (1.3 mA cm−2) and large areal capacity (6.5 mAh cm−2) without short-circuiting. All-solid-state Li-metal batteries with Au thin films (Li/Au/Li3PS4/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) exhibited high rate performance at 2.4 mA cm−2 and long lives of over 200 cycles at 100°C. The dissolution of the Au thin films into the Li metal is a possible reason for the enhanced electrochemical performance. These results indicate that interface modification and optimizing operating temperature are promising strategies to achieve all-solid-state batteries with high energy densities.
Electronic view on ethene adsorption in Cu(i) exchanged zeolites (2010)

Ethene adsorption on isolated Cu(i) sites in two types of zeolites (faujasite and MFI) is investigated by means of the embedded cluster method. Structures, energetic stabilities and C[double bond, length as m-dash]C stretching vibrations in adsorption complexes are discussed. Furthermore, for interpretative purposes, the interaction energies are decomposed, using novel approaches based on so called natural orbitals for chemical valence. Ethene is always symmetrically bound to Cu(i) ion by both C atoms. In some cases two local minima of similar stability on the potential energy surface, differing by Cu(i) site relaxation can be found that may be simultaneously populated in equilibrium. Binding energies usually decrease with the degree of reconstruction of Cu(i) site after adsorption, however, in particular cases, a more distorted structure can be slightly more stable if favorable pi* back donation overwhelms the distortion effects. Calculated values of binding energies for Cu(i)-Y zeolite (about 80 kJ mol(-1)) agree well with microcalorimetric data. We predict that ethene binding in MFI is over two times stronger (to the best of our knowledge no experimental data are available). The C[double bond, length as m-dash]C stretching frequency is not site specific, but depends only on the type of copper connectivity to oxygen nodes. The appearance of two C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bands in IR spectra of Cu(i)-faujasite can be explained as the effect of coexistence of two types of adsorption complexes, with Cu(i) coordinated to one or two framework tetrahedrons, respectively. In Cu(i)-MFI, only one type of adsorption complex with Cu(i) ion coordinated to a single tetrahedron exists, as only a single C[double bond, length as m-dash]C band is present in IR spectra.
Langmuir−Blodgett Films of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) as Field-Effect Transistors (2000)

The application of Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) techniques to conjugated polymers offers a unique approach for constructing molecular devices. In this paper, we made thin film field-effect transistors (FET) by LB techniques, based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RR−PHT). Langmuir films of RR−PHT were stable at the air−water interface and could be transferred onto hydrophobic substrates by horizontal deposition. The LB films prepared from three different methods were characterized by UV−Vis absorption spectroscopy, polarized visible absorption, X-ray diffraction, reflective absorption IR spectroscopy, and field-effect mobility. The field-effect mobility of these FETs were among the highest of polymeric thin film LB FET devices.