gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resource-aware self-adaptive security provisioning in mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

Providing satisfactory security services in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is indispensable for mission critical applications; however, often a highly secure mechanism inevitably consumes a rather large amount of system resources, which in turn may unintentionally cause a security provisioning denial of service (SPDoS) attack. The scheme proposed in this paper sets out a framework to solve this problem by designing a resource-aware self-adaptive network security provisioning scheme. With the support of the offline optimal secure protocol selection module and the online self-adaptive security control module, the framework is capable of deploying different combinations of secure protocols to satisfy different security needs in different conditions for different applications. Consequently, the proposed self-adaptive security provisioning achieves the maximum overall network security services and network performance services, without causing an SPDoS attack. Moreover, it provides additional security capability via security service hopping.
Structure of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel ELIC cocrystallized with its competitive antagonist acetylcholine (2012)

ELIC, the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel from Erwinia chrysanthemi, is a prototype for Cys-loop receptors. Here we show that acetylcholine is a competitive antagonist for ELIC. We determine the acetylcholine-ELIC cocrystal structure to a 2.9-Å resolution and find that acetylcholine binding to an aromatic cage at the subunit interface induces a significant contraction of loop C and other structural rearrangements in the extracellular domain. The side chain of the pore-lining residue F247 reorients and the pore size consequently enlarges, but the channel remains closed. We attribute the inability of acetylcholine to activate ELIC primarily to weak cation-π and electrostatic interactions in the pocket, because an acetylcholine derivative with a simple quaternary-to-tertiary ammonium substitution activates the channel. This study presents a compelling case for understanding the structural underpinning of the functional relationship between agonism and competitive antagonism in the Cys-loop receptors, providing a new framework for developing novel therapeutic drugs.
Automatic detection of optic disc and exudates in retinal images (2005)

A fast, reliable and efficient method for detecting the optic disc and exudates in retinal fundus images is presented in this work. The algorithm proceeds through three main steps: 1. Segmentation of blood vessels using median filtering and morphological operations and detection of the convergent point by fitting the blood vessels data using least square polynomial curve fitting algorithm. 2. Extraction of brighter regions using multilevel thresholding that includes optic disc and exudates. 3. Determination of optic disc (OD) among brighter regions from the fact that the convergent point (CP) of blood vessels falls within optic disc and label other brighter regions as exudates. The method has been tested on normal, abnormal retinal images. The Accuracy (M), Sensitivity (S) and Predictive value (PV) are also presented and found this algorithm provides promising results.
Electroluminescence and Conduction in Nb–Nb2O5–Au Diodes (1966)

Three experiments—current-voltage characteristics, electroluminescence, and photoconductivity—are consistent with the hypothesis that both holes and electrons can be injected into Nb–Nb2O5–Au diodes whose thickness varies between 90 and 3500 Å. Such diodes are strongly rectifying. For some diodes with oxide films thinner than 300 Å, J ∝ exp(eV/2kT) for diode voltages between 0.3 and 0.8 V. For oxide films thicker than 1000 Å, J ∝ V3/L5 for diode voltages greater than 1.2 V. Electroluminescence is observed from thin Nb–Nb2O5–Au diodes under forward bias at applied voltages of 1.2 V. The energy of the emitted radiation is ∼1.2 eV, independent of oxide thickness. The threshold for photoconductivity of Nb–Nb2O5–Au diodes is also ∼1.2 eV. It is proposed that an impurity band occurs in Nb2O5, 1.2 eV below the conduction band. Hole injection into the impurity band depends on the work function of the counterelectrode metal Au. Replacement of Au by a low-work-function metal, In, eliminates evidence for double injection in the insulator. Rectification is negligible in Nb–Nb2O5–In diodes. At low diode voltages, J ∝ V/L5; at higher diode voltages, J ∝ V2/L6.
The synthesis of some novel <i>N</i>-chloro-Δ<sup>1</sup>-4-azasteroids by efficient <i>N</i>-chlorination of azasteroid lactams with trichloroisocyanuric acid (1991)

The preparation of N-chloro-Δ 1 -4-azasteroids 2a–2c from lactams 1a–1c was achieved conveniently and in high yield with trichloroisocyanuric acid. The treatment of 20β-hydroxy-4-aza-5α-pregn-1-en-3-one (1d) with this reagent produced the less stable N-chloro compound 2d, which reacted further to afford 4-aza-5α-pregn-1-en-3,20-dione (4) as the principal product. The similar chlorination of 4-azacholest-5-en-3-one (5) occurred at C-6, giving 6-chloro-4-azacholest-5-en-3-one (6). Photolysis of N-chloro-4-aza-5α-cholest-1-en-3-one (2a) in methanol produced the transient N-acyl imine 7, which was trapped by the solvent to afford 5-methoxy-4-azacholest-1-en-3-one (8), along with 4-azacholesta-1,5-dien-3-one (9) and its 6-chloro derivative 10. Key words: N-chloroazasteroid, Δ 1 -4-azasteroid, N-chloro-Δ 1 -4-azasteroid, trichloroisocyanuric acid, N-chlorination.
Effects of Venlafaxine on Blood Pressure (1998)

Venlafaxine has a dose-dependent effect on SDBP that is clinically significant at high dosages. Concern about blood pressure effects should not deter first-line use of this effective antidepressant, although more extensive studies of patients with cardiovascular diseases are still necessary.
Efficient search ranking in social networks (2007)

In social networks such as Orkut, www.orkut.com, a large portion of the user queries refer to names of other people. Indeed, more than 50% of the queries in Orkut are about names of other users, with an average of 1.8 terms per query. Further, the users usually search for people with whom they maintain relationships in the network. These relationships can be modelled as edges in a friendship graph, a graph in which the nodes represent the users. In this context, search ranking can be modelled as a function that depends on the distances among users in the graph, more specifically, of shortest paths in the friendship graph. However, application of this idea to ranking is not straightforward because the large size of modern social networks (dozens of millions of users) prevents efficient computation of shortest paths at query time. We overcome this by designing a ranking formula that strikes a balance between producing good results and reducing query processing time. Using data from the Orkut social network, which includes over 40 million users, we show that our ranking, augmented by this new signal, produces high quality results, while maintaining query processing time small.
Phase behavior of cyclic siloxane‐based liquid crystalline compounds (1994)

Abstract A series of 24 cyclic siloxane‐based liquid crystalline compounds was synthesized using conventional hydrosilation chemistry. Variables examined included ring size, spacer group length, and type and composition of pendant mesogeric groups. Both pentamethylhydro‐ and tetramethylhydrosiloxane rings were reacted with mesogens based on cholesterol, biphenyl, or equimolar mixtures of both. Four different length spacer groups containing terminal vinyl groups were used to attach the mesogens to the cyclic siloxane core. The thermotropic liquid crystalline phase behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). A lengthening of spacer groups resulted in lower crystallization temperatures for the biphenyl‐based compounds and lower glass transition temperatures for the cholesterol‐ and mixed mesogen‐based compounds. The tetramethyl ring derivatives exhibited higher glass transition or crystallization temperatures than their pentamethyl counterparts. Biphenyl‐based compounds exhibited low temperature crystalline phases while the cholesterol‐based compounds exhibited low temperature glassy phases. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrashort-pulse erbium-doped fibre laser using a saturable absorber based on single-wall carbon nanotubes synthesised by the arc-discharge method (2007)

An erbium-doped fibre laser operating in self-mode-locked regime achieved with the help of a saturable absorber based on single-wall carbon nanotubes synthesised by the arc-discharge method is fabricated and studied. Due to the development of an original method for preparing samples, films of the optical quality containing individual single-wall carbon nanotubes were synthesised. The study of the dependence of resonance absorption at a wavelength of 1.5 μm on the laser radiation intensity transmitted through a film showed that these films have nonlinear transmission and can be used in fibre lasers as saturable absorbers to provide self-mode locking. Stable transform-limited pulses having the shape of optical solitons were generated at a wavelength of 1557.5 nm in the laser with a ring resonator. The pulse duration was 1.13 ps at a pulse repetition rate of 20.5 MHz. The continuous output power achieved 1.1 mW upon pumping by a 25-mW laser diode at 980 nm.
Reactions of Phenyl Isocyanate with Some Metal Derivatives of Pyrrole (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Phenyl Isocyanate with Some Metal Derivatives of PyrroleE. P. Papadopoulos and H. S. HabibyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 1, 327–329Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01339a507https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01339a507research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genetic dissection of<i>Pitx2</i>in craniofacial development uncovers new functions in branchial arch morphogenesis, late aspects of tooth morphogenesis and cell migration (2003)

Pitx2, a paired-related homeobox gene that encodes multiple isoforms, is the gene mutated in the haploinsufficient Rieger Syndrome type 1 that includes dental, ocular and abdominal wall anomalies as cardinal features. Previous analysis of the craniofacial phenotype of Pitx2-null mice revealed that Pitx2 was both a positive regulator of Fgf8 and a repressor of Bmp4-signaling, suggesting that Pitx2 may function as a coordinator of craniofacial signaling pathways. We show that Pitx2 isoforms have interchangeable functions in branchial arches and that Pitx2 target pathways respond to small changes in total Pitx2 dose. Analysis of Pitx2 allelic combinations that encode varying levels of Pitx2 showed that repression of Bmp signaling requires high Pitx2 while maintenance of Fgf8 signaling requires only low Pitx2. Fate-mapping studies with a Pitx2 cre recombinase knock in allele revealed that Pitx2 daughter cells are migratory and move aberrantly in the craniofacial region of Pitx2 mutant embryos. Our data reveal that Pitx2 function depends on total Pitx2 dose and rule out the possibility that the differential sensitivity of target pathways was a consequence of isoform target specificity. Moreover, our results uncover a new function of Pitx2 in regulation of cell motility in craniofacial development.
The role of free radicals in the degradation of high polymers by ultrasonics and by high‐speed stirring (1954)

Abstract High molecular weight polymethacrylic acid in aqueous solution is rapidly broken down by ultrasonics (250 kc.). The rate of degradation varies as the shape of the molecule in solution is altered and is greatest when most asymmetric. It is concluded that cavitation is essential for the breakdown of the polymer molecules and that the reaction proceeds by two mechanisms. The major part of the reaction is due to mechanical forces produced on the collapse of the cavity but chemical degradation by HO 2 radicals also occurs. Polymerization experiments confirm that free radicals are formed during cavitation. The quantity of H 2 O 2 formed by ultrasonics is much greater than the number of free radicals produced and a separate mechanism for its formation must be postulated. High‐speed propellers, e.g. , in a “Waring Blendor,” bring about cavitation and degradation of polymethacrylic acid.
Epicuticular waxes of glaucous and nonglaucous durum wheat lines (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpicuticular waxes of glaucous and nonglaucous durum wheat linesGiorgio Bianchi and Maria L. FiginiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 3, 429–433Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00069a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (648 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fast and Resilient Indoor Floor Plan Construction with a Single User (2018)

A lack of floor plans is a fundamental obstacle to ubiquitous indoor location-based services. Recent work have made significant progress to accuracy, but they largely rely on slow crowdsensing that may take weeks or even months to collect enough data. In this paper, we propose Knitter that can generate accurate floor maps by a single random user’s one hour data collection efforts, and demonstrate how such maps can be used for indoor navigation. Knitter extracts high quality floor layout information from single images, calibrates user trajectories, and filters outliers. It uses a multi-hypothesis map fusion framework that updates landmark positions/orientations and accessible areas incrementally according to evidences from each measurement. Our experiments on three different large buildings (up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$140\times 50\;\mathrm{m}^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) with 30+ users show that Knitter produces correct map topology, with landmark location errors of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\sim 5\;\mathrm{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and orientation errors of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\sim 6^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> , both at 90-percentile. Our results are comparable to the state-of-the-art at more than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> speed up: data collection in each of the three buildings can finish in about one hour even by a novice user trained just a few minutes.
Saudi Arabia's Manifa Giant Offshore Field Development: The Role of Technology (2014)

Abstract Field development costs have risen with oil price. A resulting challenge with Arab heavy oil development remains how to generate competitive advantages through deploying efficient technological innovations and making cost-effective solutions a crucial part of a firm's strategy for rigless interventions. With strict commitments to environmental protection, the need for operational excellence and several process improvements necessary to yield dividends in the form of safe project delivery and to overcome several technical difficulties is vital. The scope of the paper is to examine coiled tubing (CT) stimulation and logging technologies used in the timely project execution of one of Saudi Arabia's largest field developments to cost effectively enhance matrix stimulation success. Some of these solutions include technologies for CT reach, CT access for dual laterals, acid placement optimization, and treatment effectiveness monitoring. CT extended reach solutions comprised tapered CT strings designed for ultradeep wells, drag reducers, tractors, and vibrators. Technologies for CT access for dual laterals include a flow activated multilateral tool for CT matrix stimulation employing pressure variation telemetry with bottom hole pressure (BHP) and casing collar locator / gamma ray (CCL/GR) for high success lateral identification. To optimize acid placements, distributed temperature survey and pressure measurements are used to enhance diversion and acid placements. A blend of tools assisted to monitor, analyze, and adjust in real-time the reservoir and stimulation fluids interaction. Viscoelastic diverting acid is designed to viscosify in situ as the fluid spends on the reacted formation for chemical diversion in carbonates. The concentration of the diverter was optimized from 20% HCl to 15% HCl. A unique solution for monitoring treatment effectiveness evolved to include real time production logging using single strings for CT stimulation and real time profiling instead of memory logging. This solution required less equipment mobilization and no wireline unit. Intervention from 99 producers and injectors reveals operational and cost benefits from deploying technological solutions and justifies the degree to which each technology solution fits the overall field development strategy. The implications of deploying these solutions include reduction of well counts from the original estimates in this field development to offer manageable total field development costs.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Stereocenters via a Catalytic Asymmetric Stetter Reaction (2004)

A new electron-deficient chiral triazolium salt has been shown to catalyze the formation of quaternary stereocenters by an asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction. Pentafluorophenyl substitution on an aminoindanol-derived catalyst affords tertiary ether, thioether, and quaternary stereocenters in typically greater than 90% ee and very good chemical yield. Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are equally competent substrates for this reaction. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under mild conditions to provide quaternary stereocenters with functional group relationships that are particularly difficult to access by other methods.
Observation of gate-controlled spin―orbit interaction using a ferromagnetic detector (2012)

From the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation, estimation of the spin―orbit interaction parameter is possible only for very low temperature. An alternative method available for much wider temperature range is utilizing the ferromagnetic electrode which contacts the quantum well channel and reads the Fermi level of spin-up and -down subbands. The amount of spin-subband shift is controlled by a gate electric field and finally the spin―orbit interaction induced by Rashba effect is obtained near room temperature. At T = 150 K, a gate voltage shifts the spin subband potential and changes the spin―orbit interaction parameter by 23%.
940. 2-Hydroxy-œstrogens. Part II. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxy-œstra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one and œstra-1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,16α, 17β-tetraol (1961)

P. N. Rao and L. R. Axelrod, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 4769 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610004769
Service Registry Discovery using GridSearch P2P Framework (2006)

Today, most of the information query servers typically use the centralized approach where each servers are isolated from one another. In a large scale grid setup where there are many organizations, each with their own information servers, it is not feasible to deploy a centralized database to aggregate all the data. Using a peer-to-peer (P2P) approach allows us to connect each of the individual information servers to form a federated virtual network. In this paper, we propose the GridSearch framework, a generic P2P query framework that can support any type of query content. We present the design and architecture of the framework, and the benefits of implementing it using the JXTA platform. We then show how the framework is used to build a distributed grid service registry network for facilitating service discovery
Automated breast profile segmentation for ROI detection using digital mammograms (2010)

Mammography is currently the most effective imaging modality used by radiologists for the screening of breast cancer. Finding an accurate, robust and efficient breast profile segmentation technique still remains a challenging problem in digital mammography. Extraction of the breast profile region and the pectoral muscle is an essential pre-processing step in the process of computer-aided detection. Primarily it allows the search for abnormalities to be limited to the region of the breast tissue without undue influence from the background of the mammogram. The presence of pectoral muscle in mammograms biases detection procedures, which recommends removing the pectoral muscle during mammogram pre-processing. In this paper we explore an automated technique for mammogram segmentation. The proposed algorithm uses morphological preprocessing and seeded region growing (SRG) algorithm in order to: (1) remove digitization noises, (2) suppress radiopaque artifacts, (3) separate background region from the breast profile region, and (4) remove the pectoral muscle, for accentuating the breast profile region. To demonstrate the capability of our proposed approach, digital mammograms from two separate sources are tested using Ground Truth (GT) images for evaluation of performance characteristics. Experimental results obtained indicate that the breast regions extracted accurately correspond to the respective GT images.