gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical and cost effectiveness of mechanical support for severe ankle sprains: design of a randomised controlled trial in the emergency department [ISRCTN 37807450] (2005)

This paper highlights the design, methods and operational aspects of a clinical trial of acute injury management in the emergency department.
Comparing vector-based and ACT-R memory models using large-scale datasets: User-customized hashtag and tag prediction on Twitter and StackOverflow (2014)

The growth of social media and user-created content on online sites provides unique opportunities to study models of declarative memory. The tasks of choosing a hashtag for a tweet and tagging a post on StackOverflow were framed as declarative memory retrieval problems. Two state-of-the-art cognitively-plausible declarative memory models were evaluated on how accurately they predict a user’s chosen tags: an ACT-R based Bayesian model and a random permutation vector-based model. Millions of posts and tweets were collected, and both declarative memory models were used to predict Twitter hashtags and StackOverflow tags. The results show that past user behavior of tag use is a strong predictor of future behavior. Furthermore, past behavior was successfully incorporated into the random permutation model that previously used only context. Also, ACT-R’s attentional weight term was linked to a common entropy-weighting natural language processing method used to attenuate low-predictor words. Word order was not found to be strong predictor of tag use, and the random permutation model performed comparably to the Bayesian model without including word order. This shows that the strength of the random permutation model is not in the ability to represent word order, but rather in the way in which context information is successfully compressed. Finally, model accuracy was moderate to high for the tasks, which supports the theory that choosing tags on StackOverflow and Twitter is primarily a declarative memory retrieval process. The results of the large-scale exploration show how the architecture of the two memory models can be modified to significantly improve accuracy, and may suggest task-independent general modifications that can help improve model fit to human data in a much wider range of domains.
Efficient gene transfer into human monocyte-derived macrophages using defective lentiviral vectors. (2003)

Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, current approaches to gene transfer in the central nervous system (CNS) are limited by the lack of effective, but non-invasive methods to deliver transgenes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In an effort to begin to explore the use of migratory monocytes as vehicles for delivery of therapeutic and antiviral genes into the CNS, we have utilized three HIV-based transfer vectors encoding cis-acting elements but lacking either structural genes (gag/pol and env), most accessory genes (vif, vpr and nef) and/or rev. These defective lentiviral vectors (DLV) encode the green fluorescent protein (GFP), display potent antiviral activity in CD4+ lymphocytes and can be mobilized by wild-type HIV-1 DLV were generated by transient transfection of 293T cells. Vector titers ranged from 4.2-6.6 x 10(6) infectious units (IU)/ml prior to concentration (by ultracentrifugation) and were equal to or higher than 1 x 10(9) IU/ml after concentration. Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were exposed to DLV resulting in efficiencies of transduction ranging from 14 to 26%. GFP expression in transduced MDM remained stable for more than 8 weeks without apparent cytopathic effect. Given the previously reported antiviral activities of these DLV and their lack of cytopathic effects on primary MDM, it may be possible to use these vectors to inhibit HIV-1 replication within the CNS.
A 512 × 512 SPAD Image Sensor With Integrated Gating for Widefield FLIM (2018)

We report on SwissSPAD2, an image sensor with 512×512 photon-counting pixels, each comprising a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), a 1-bit memory, and a gating mechanism capable of turning the SPAD on and off, with a skew of 250ps and 344ps, respectively, for a minimum duration of 5.75ns. The sensor is designed to achieve a frame rate of up to 97,700 binary frames per second and sub-40ps gate shifts. By synchronizing it with a pulsed laser and using multiple successive overlapping gates, one can reconstruct a molecule's fluorescent response with picosecond temporal resolution. Thanks to the sensor's number of pixels (the largest to date) and the fully integrated gated operation, SwissSPAD2 enables widefield FLIM with an all-solid-state solution and at relatively high frame rates. This was demonstrated with preliminary results on organic dyes and semiconductor quantum dots using both decay fitting and phasor analysis. Furthermore, pixels with an exceptionally low dark count rate and high photon detection probability enable uniform and high quality imaging of biologically relevant fluorescent samples stained with multiple dyes. While future versions will feature the addition of microlenses and optimize firmware speed, our results open the way to low-cost alternatives to commercially available scientific time-resolved imagers.
Comprehensive Enzyme Kinetics (2004)

Welcome to your study of enzyme kinetics, the subject that underlies all enzymology, which in turn underlies all aspects of biochemistry. This text will give you an introduction to a wide range of topics that constitute the modern enzyme kinetics. This textbook is directed at graduate students in biochemistry, chemistry, and life sciences, for advanced courses in enzyme kinetics, enzymology, and enzyme chemistry. For this reason, the whole book is organized in a systematic and scholarly fashion. It is unlikely that the student will be expected to cover everything in the text, but in a later career she or he may find it an invaluable reference for topics that are needed in practice. The concepts, definitions and detailed algebra of enzyme kinetics are laid out in accurate detail. For that reason, this textbook can also serve as a handbook for enzyme kinetics for research workers in the field. The research worker will find it a useful source, which can be used for solving the daily experimental problems in the laboratory.
Process for QoS-Aware IP Network Planning Using Accounting Data and Effective Bandwidth Estimation (2007)

In this paper we describe QoSPlan - a generalized process for preparing information relevant to QoS-aware IP network planning. QoSPlan is designed to reduce the cost of deployment and maintenance of traditional network monitoring systems for service providers, while maintaining a sufficient degree of precision. The process involves analysis of pre-existing accounting data to estimate a network-wide demand matrix. Part of this estimation process relates to the generalization of QoS-related effective bandwidth measurements taken from a set of collected packet traces. Based on experience, we offer recommendations on how to appropriately realise QoSPlan to maximise its accuracy and effectiveness when applied to different network traffic scenarios.
An assessment of light-based geoposition estimates from archival tags (1999)

Archival tags record information about the environment of tagged animals over long periods of time (months to years). In theory, position can be estimated from a record of changes in light intensity with time. We describe two approaches to estimating geoposition based on estimating either the time of maximal rate of change in light intensity or the time that a reference light intensity is reached. Digital signal processing is investigated as a method of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the light record. Our test data suggest that the daily position of a tagged animal can potentially be estimated within an average error of about 140 km (SD's of 0.9° of longitude and 1.2° of latitude), approaching the resolution of the best eddy-resolving physical oceanographic models of ocean currents. The source of the remaining large-scale errors in geoposition appears to be extrinsic to the tags and may be related to large-scale weather systems. The accuracy of current archival tags is sufficient to permit an assessment of the open-ocean migration pathways of animals such as maturing salmon and may be sufficient for use in some parts of the continental shelf as well.
Inhibition of AMP-activated Protein Kinase Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis via Hyper-induction of p53 (2007)

Cisplatin is one of the most effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agents. However, one of the most salient limitations to the clinical application of cisplatin is the acquired or intrinsic drug resistance exhibited by some tumors. In the present study, we have assessed the potential of an intracellular energy balancing system as a target for augmentation of cisplatin sensitivity in tumors. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates the energy balance system by monitoring intracellular energy status. Here we demonstrate that AMPK is rapidly activated by cisplatin in AGS and HCT116 cancer cells. The inhibition of AMPK in those cells and in xenografts of HCT116 resulted in a remarkable increase in cisplatin-induced apoptosis, which was associated with hyper-induction of the tumor suppressor p53. We further showed that ERK, but not ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) kinases, was involved in the hyper-induction of p53 by the inhibition of cisplatin-induced AMPK. By way of contrast, cisplatin did not induce AMPK activation in HeLa cells, which appear to have a relatively high sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, but expression of the constitutive active form of AMPK in HeLa cells resulted in a significant increase of cell viability after cisplatin treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that AMPK performs a pivotal function for protection against the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, thereby implying that AMPK is one of the cellular factors determining the cellular sensitivity to cisplatin. On the basis of these observations, we propose that a strategy combining cisplatin and AMPK inhibition could be developed into a novel chemotherapeutic modality.
The effect of environmental pH on the growth of normal and malignant cells (1973)

Abstract Data have been presented with respect to the widely varying pH optima for the growth of a number of normal and transformed human, mouse, monkey, hamster, rabbit and rat cell lines. At that optimum, differences between normal and transformed cells with respect to maximum population densities tended to become less prominent. Other differences (serum requirement, long‐term viability of cultures) were not demonstrably pH‐dependent.
UNSYMMETRICAL p,p'-DISUBSTITUTED DIPHENYLHEXANES RELATED TO HEXESTROL<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUNSYMMETRICAL p,p'-DISUBSTITUTED DIPHENYLHEXANES RELATED TO HEXESTROL1JAMES W. WILSON, ALFRED BURGER, LENNOX B. TURNBULL, McHENRY PETERS Jr., and FRANK MILNESCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 1, 96–105Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01129a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01129a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plantio da mamoneira em solo compactado adubado com torta de mamona (2006)

<p>Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos conjuntos e isolados da compactação do solo e adubação orgânica com torta de mamona no crescimento da mamoneira. O experimento teve início no período de 02 de maio de 2005 e se estendeu até 02 de setembro de 2005, em casa-de-vegetação do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa do Algodão (CNPA/Embrapa), no município de Campina Grande, Estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizadas como unidades experimentais colunas de PVC. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizado, em esquema de análise fatorial (4 × 4), com 3 repetições, sendo os fatores: quatro graus de densidades (1,4; 1,6; 1,8 e 2,0 kg.dm<sup>-3</sup>) e quatro doses de torta (0,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). De acordo com as variáveis estudas contatou-se que o comprimento das raízes foi totalmente comprometido quando se utilizou nível de densidade de 2,0 kg.dm<sup>-3</sup>. As folhas apresentaram níveis altos de Clorofila, principalmente quando se utilizaram as doses 2; 4 e 6 t ha<sup>-1</sup> de torta de mamona.</p>
A TSVD Analysis of Microwave Inverse Scattering for Breast Imaging (2011)

A variety of methods have been applied to the inverse scattering problem for breast imaging at microwave frequencies. While many techniques have been leveraged toward a microwave imaging solution, they are all fundamentally dependent on the quality of the scattering data. Evaluating and optimizing the information contained in the data are, therefore, instrumental in understanding and achieving optimal performance from any particular imaging method. In this paper, a method of analysis is employed for the evaluation of the information contained in simulated scattering data from a known dielectric profile. The method estimates optimal imaging performance by mapping the data through the inverse of the scattering system. The inverse is computed by truncated singular-value decomposition of a system of scattering equations. The equations are made linear by use of the exact total fields in the imaging volume, which are available in the computational domain. The analysis is applied to anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms. The utility of the method is demonstrated for a given imaging system through the analysis of various considerations in system design and problem formulation. The method offers an avenue for decoupling the problem of data selection from the problem of image formation from that data.
Illustrative Context-Preserving Volume Rendering (2005)

In volume rendering it is very difficult to simultaneously visualize interior and exterior structures while preserving clear shape cues. Very transparent transfer functions produce cluttered images with many overlapping structures, while clipping techniques completely remove possibly important context information. In this paper we present a new model for volume rendering, inspired by techniques from illustration that provides a means of interactively inspecting the interior of a volumetric data set in a feature-driven way which retains context information. The context-preserving volume rendering model uses a function of shading intensity, gradient magnitude, distance to the eye point, and previously accumulated opacity to selectively reduce the opacity in less important data regions. It is controlled by two user-specified parameters. This new method represents an alternative to conventional clipping techniques, shares their easy and intuitive user control, but does not suffer from the drawback of missing context information.
Expression of constructs of the neuronal isoform of myosin‐Va interferes with the distribution of melanosomes and other vesicles in melanoma cells (2002)

Myosin-Va has been implicated in melanosome translocation, but the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this function are not known. In the dilute, S91 melanoma cells, melanosomes move to the cell periphery but do not accumulate in the tips of dendrites as occurs in wild-type B16 melanocytes; rather, they return and accumulate primarily at the pericentrosomal region in a microtubule-dependent manner. Expression of the full-length neuronal isoform of myosin-Va in S91 cells causes melanosomes to disperse, occupying a cellular area approximately twice that observed in non-transfected cells, suggesting a partial rescue of the dilute phenotype. Overexpression of the full tail domain in S91 cells is not sufficient to induce melanosome dispersion, rather it causes melanosomal clumping. Overexpression of the head and head-neck domains of myosin-Va in B16 cells does not alter the melanosome distribution. However, overexpression of the full tail domain in these cells induces melanosome aggregation and the appearance of tail-associated, aggregated particles or vesicular structures that exhibit variable degrees of staining for melanosomal and Golgi beta-COP markers, as well as colocalization with the endogenous myosin-Va. Altogether, the present data suggest that myosin-Va plays a role in regulating the direction of microtubule-dependent melanosome translocation, in addition to promoting the capture of melanosomes at the cell periphery as suggested by previous studies. These studies also reinforce the notion that myosin-V has a broader function in melanocytes by acting on vesicular targeting or intracellular protein trafficking.
CIS solar cells with ZnO windows deposited by ALE (2002)

In an effort to find a process for deposition of the ZnO layer suitable for large scale fabrication of CIS cells the ALE method was investigated. In this study devices have been made with ZnO grown by ALE at temperatures which has been varied in the 125-200/spl deg/C interval. We find that high deposition temperatures have to be avoided in order not to degrade the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the devices. On the other hand the higher temperatures are needed to obtain high conductivity in the doped ZnO layer. In spite of that, devices with up to 14% efficiency were fabricated. Experiments where we omitted the CdS layer, normally used in CIS cells, were carried out. A promising result of 11% efficiency was obtained.
Evidence for a repressive function of the long polyglutamine tract in the human androgen receptor: possible pathogenetic relevance for the (CAG)<sub>n</sub>-expanded neuronopathies (1995)

We have reported that polyglutamine (polyGln)-expanded human androgen receptors (hAR) have reduced transactivational competence in transfected cells. We presumed that maximal hAR transactivation requires a normal-size polyGln tract. Here we report, however, that hAR transactivity and polyGln-tract length are related inversely: n = 0 > 12 > 20 > 40 > 50. Thus, a normal-size polyGln tract represses the transactivational competence of a polyGln-free hAR, and polyGln expansion increases that negative effect. This observation has pathogenetic implications for X-linked spinobular muscular atrophy (Kennedy syndrome), and possibly for the autosomal dominant central neuronopathies associated with (CAG)n expansion in the translated portion of four different genes.
Effects of Landiolol, an Ultra-Short-Acting .BETA.1-Selective Blocker, on Electrical Storm Refractory to Class III Antiarrhythmic Drugs (2010)

Landiolol is useful as a life-saving drug for class III antiarrhythmic drug-resistant ES. The main mechanism of ES refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs could be abnormal automaticity but not reentry.
Angiogenic Potential of Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane Is Enhanced Through Retention of All Tissue Components in Their Native State (2015)

<b>Objective:</b> Chronic wounds have inadequate microvasculature (or blood vessels), resulting in poor healing. Both fresh human amniotic membrane (hAM) containing viable cells and devitalized hAM have been shown to stimulate angiogenesis in chronic wounds. However, the importance of retaining viable endogenous cells on the angiogenic activity of hAM remains unknown. To understand their role, we compared the angiogenic potential of intact cryopreserved hAM containing viable cells (int-hAM) with devitalized cryopreserved hAM (dev-hAM). <b>Approach:</b> The effects of conditioned medium (CM) derived from int-hAM and dev-hAM on endothelial cell migration and tube formation were compared. Int-hAM and dev-hAM CM and tissues were tested for key angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) after 7 days in culture. The role of VEGF in int-hAM-mediated tube formation was analyzed through inhibition of its activity by anti-VEGF antibody. <b>Results:</b> CM from int-hAM showed greater endothelial cell recruitment and tube formation compared with dev-hAM. Significantly higher levels of VEGF were detected in int-hAM CM after 1 week compared with dev-hAM CM. Int-hAM tissue also had significantly greater expression of VEGF and bFGF relative to dev-hAM. A similar trend was observed for PDGF-BB. Neutralization of VEGF in int-hAM CM significantly inhibited tube formation compared with int-hAM CM alone. <b>Innovation and Conclusion:</b> Preservation of all native hAM components, including viable endogenous cells, enhances the angiogenic effect of cryopreserved hAM. This effect is mediated through higher levels of angiogenic factors, especially VEGF, produced by int-hAM.
Rapid non‐genomic activation of cytosolic cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase activity and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> by 17<i>β</i>‐oestradiol in female rat distal colon (2000)

1. In this study, the effect of 17beta-oestradiol on adenosine 3' : 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity was investigated. 2. Rapid (within 15 min) activation of basal PKA activity was observed in cytosolic fractions by 17beta-oestradiol but not by 17alpha-oestradiol, progesterone or testosterone. This stimulation was abolished by the specific PKA inhibitor PKI but not by the classical oestrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen. 3. 17beta-Oestradiol did not stimulate basal PKA activity in membrane fractions or in cytosolic fractions from male rats. 4. The increase in cytosolic PKA activity was indirect as (i) it was inhibited by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, (ii) it was mimicked by forskolin and (iii) 17beta-oestradiol did not cause a stimulation of basal PKA activity in either type I or type II commercially available PKA holoenzymes. 5. Protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) was directly activated by 17beta-oestradiol. The specific PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X), abolished the 6. 17beta-oestradiol-induced PKA activation. 17beta-Oestradiol stimulate an increase in free intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated female but not male rat colonic crypts. This was inhibited by verapamil, nifedipine and zero extracellular [Ca(2+)] but unaffected by tamoxifen. 17alpha-Oestradiol, testosterone and progesterone failed to increase [Ca(2+)](i). 7. PKC and PKA inhibitors abolished the 17beta-oestradiol-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i). 8. These results demonstrate the existence of a novel 17beta-oestradiol-specific PKA and Ca(2+) signalling pathway, which is both sex steroid- and gender-specific, in rat distal colonic epithelium.