gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Policies and Practices to Encourage Women Returners (1994)

Presents research into the policies, practices and attitudes which would encourage women to return to a company following maternity leave. As a background to the study, which was conducted on behalf of one of the UK′s largest engineering organizations and in association with the management consultancy Interactive Skills Ltd, looks at how having children affects women′s careers and the attitude of organizations today. Concludes with a look at the importance of organizations, mothers, partners and colleagues in helping women to lead full and successful careers within a company.
Self-assembling amphipathic alpha-helical peptides induce the formation of active protein aggregates in vivo (2013)

We recently found that several self-assembling alpha, beta, or surfactant-like peptides, when terminally attached to proteins, can promote the in vivo assembly of active protein aggregates (or active inclusion bodies, AIBs) in Escherichia coli. In this work, we systematically examined the AIBs induced by an amphipathic α-helical peptide 18Awt (EWLKAFYEKVLEKLKELF) and its variants with altered ion pairs. Transmission electron microscopic and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses suggested that the AIBs appeared to adopt an amorphous mesh-like structure, and were likely induced by helical structures formed by the assembly of the 18A peptides. Confocal fluorescent micrographic analysis revealed that the AIBs resided around the periphery of the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm, depending on the distribution of ion pairs on the 18A peptides, which suggested that the association between the aggregates and the cell membrane was mediated by the lipid–18A interaction. Two of these 18A peptide variants were further used in constructing cleavable self-aggregating tags (cSAT) in conjunction with an intein molecule for protein purification, and verified using two model proteins. This extends the cSAT approach for laboratory and potentially industrial uses. Our study might also provide new insights into aggregation-related diseases.
Effect of aliphatic monoamines on motor activity of mice: no direct interaction with dopaminergic D2 receptor. (1984)

The effect of butylamine, pentylamine and hexylamine on spontaneous locomotor activity of mice was evaluated in the presence or absence of drugs affecting monoaminergic neurons. Pentylamine and hexylamine produced similar effects (stimulation after low, inhibition after high doses), while butylamine action was weak. Depression of locomotor activity produced by combined treatment with alpha-methyl-tyrosine, reserpine and dopa was counteracted by pentylamine and hexylamine; they did not produce such an effect in the absence of dopa. The amines did not displace 3H-spiperone specifically bound to striatal membranes.
Evidence of DNA Bending in Transcription Complexes Imaged by Scanning Force Microscopy (1993)

Complexes of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with DNA containing the lambda PL promoter have been deposited on mica and imaged in air with a scanning force microscope. The topographic images reveal the gross spatial relations of the polymerase relative to the DNA template. The DNA appears bent in open promoter complexes containing RNA polymerase bound to the promoter and appears more severely bent in elongation complexes in which RNA polymerase has synthesized a 15-nucleotide transcript. This difference could be related to the conformational changes that accompany the maturation of open promoter complexes into elongation complexes and suggests that formation of the elongation complex involves a considerable modification of the spatial relations between the polymerase and the DNA template.
In Vitro Studies on the Initial Reactions of Anaerobic Ethylbenzene Mineralization (1999)

Anaerobic mineralization of ethylbenzene by the denitrifying bacterium Azoarcus sp. strain EB1 was recently shown to be initiated by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to 1-phenylethanol. 1-Phenylethanol is converted to benzoate (benzoyl coenzyme A) via acetophenone as transient intermediate. We developed in vitro assays to examine ethylbenzene dehydrogenase and 1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase activities in cell extracts of this strain. With p-benzoquinone as the electron acceptor, cell extracts of Azoarcus sp. strain EB1 catalyzed ethylbenzene oxidation at a specific rate of 10 nmol min(-1) [mg of protein](-1) and an apparent K(m) for ethylbenzene of approximately 60 microM. The membrane-associated ethylbenzene dehydrogenase activity was found to oxidize 4-fluoroethylbenzene and propylbenzene but was unable to transform 4-chloro-ethylbenzene, the ethyltoluenes, and styrene. Enzymatic ethylbenzene oxidation was stereospecific, with (S)-(-)-1-phenylethanol being the only enantiomer detected by chiral high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. Moreover, cell extracts catalyzed the oxidation of (S)-(-)-1-phenylethanol but not of (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol to acetophenone. When cell extracts were dialyzed, (S)-(-)-1-phenylethanol oxidation occurred only in the presence of NAD(+), suggesting that NAD(+) is the physiological electron acceptor of 1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase. Both ethylbenzene dehydrogenase and 1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase activities were present in Azoarcus sp. strain EB1 cells that were grown anaerobically on ethylbenzene, 1-phenylethanol, and acetophenone, but these activities were absent in benzoate-grown cells.
Robust Membership Management for Ad-hoc Groups (2000)

In ad-hoc networks, the network nodes or users often form peer groups. The members of a group may share an application, a physical location, or administrative tasks. Defining who is a member of the group is also the first step towards establishing a shared secret key for secure communications. Group membership management involves adding and removing nodes in the group, as well as a method for authenticating the group members. In this paper, we present a fully distributed, certificate-based system for group membership management. It is designed to suit highly dynamic ad-hoc networks where communications is sporadic and nodes often fail unexpectedly. 1
Zwitterionic polymerization of glycidyl monomers to cyclic polyethers with B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2014)

Glycidyl monomers react with B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> to generate cyclic polyethers decorated with functional groups.
Representing Data Quality in Sensor Data Streaming Environments (2009)

Sensors in smart-item environments capture data about product conditions and usage to support business decisions as well as production automation processes. A challenging issue in this application area is the restricted quality of sensor data due to limited sensor precision and sensor failures. Moreover, data stream processing to meet resource constraints in streaming environments introduces additional noise and decreases the data quality. In order to avoid wrong business decisions due to dirty data, quality characteristics have to be captured, processed, and provided to the respective business task. However, the issue of how to efficiently provide applications with information about data quality is still an open research problem. In this article, we address this problem by presenting a flexible model for the propagation and processing of data quality. The comprehensive analysis of common data stream processing operators and their impact on data quality allows a fruitful data evaluation and diminishes incorrect business decisions. Further, we propose the data quality model control to adapt the data quality granularity to the data stream interestingness.
Interleukin-4, an inhibitor of cartilage breakdown in bovine articular cartilage explants. (1995)

IL-4 has a potent inhibitory effect on cartilage degradation after stimulation with IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha plus IL-1 alpha, or LPS. These results suggest that IL-4 should be investigated further for therapeutic value as a chondroprotective agent for the treatment of arthritis.
CCLXXII.—Nitration of chlorinated 3-hydroxybenzaldehydes and some consequences of adjacent substitution (1926)

H. H. Hodgson and H. G. Beard, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 2030 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262902030
Blockade of CD47-Signaling Regulatory Protein alpha Signaling Enhances the Macrophage Phagocytic Activity Against Cancer Cells. (2014)

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is the best treatment for unresectable, early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, HCC recurrence is common, due to either occult metastasis development or circulating tumor cell engraftment. We previously demonstrated that the phagocytic activity of human liver macrophages is inhibited by the binding of signaling regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages to CD47 on target cells, a major regulator of phagocytic responses (2006 PNAS). Using in vitro and in vivo mouse syngeneic models, we examined whether the inhibition of CD47-SIRPα signaling would increase macrophage phagocytic activity against cancer cells. Methods: For the in vitro phagocytosis assay, Hepa1-6 and CMT93 target cells were labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and incubated with mouse peritoneal cavity (PerC) macrophages and either anti-mouse SIRPα-blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (SIRPα mAbs) or isotype-matched control antibodies (isotype Abs). The phagocytosis of CFSE-labeled target cells was measured by flow cytometry. For the in vivo phagocytosis assay, CFSE-labeled target cells were injected into the peritoneal cavity, together with SIRPα mAbs, CD47 mAbs, or isotype Abs. CD47 knock-down (KD) was achieved via lentiviral particle-mediated shRNA delivery to Hepa1-6 cells, which were used in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Results: In the in vitro phagocytosis assay, anti-SIRPα mAb addition markedly enhanced the phagocytic activity of PerC macrophages against Hepa1-6 and CMT93, compared with isotype Abs treatment (p < 0.01). In the in vivo phagocytosis assay, a significant increase in phagocytic activity (p < 0.01) was observed with SIRPα mAb treatment, but not with CD47 mAb treatment. CD47 KD Hepa1-6 cells were significantly more sensitive to macrophage phagocytosis than parental Hepa1-6 cells in both in vitro and in vivo assays (p = 0.01), demonstrating the pivotal role of the CD47-SIRPα interaction in restricting tumor cell killing. In vivo CD47 mAb administration led to a remarkable decrease in CD80, CD86, and MHC class II expression on macrophages, implying their functional impairment. This finding might explain why treatment with CD47 mAbs alone did not enhance macrophage phagocytic activity against cancer cells. Conclusions: CD47-SIRPα interaction could be a therapeutic target for preventing HCC recurrence in LT recipients.
<b>Multidetector CT of the Liver and Hepatic Neoplasms:</b> Effect of Multiphasic Imaging on Tumor Conspicuity and Vascular Enhancement (2003)

When MDCT of the liver is performed using fixed timing delays, maximal vascular and hepatic parenchymal enhancement is achieved on either late arterial phase or portal venous phase imaging. In most patients, early arterial phase imaging does not improve tumor conspicuity by either quantitative or subjective analysis.
Cellular activation products in osteoarthritis synovial fluid. (1995)

In order to address the issue of the role of mast cells (MC) and nitric oxide (NO) in rheumatic synovial-fluid diseases, synovial fluid (SF) collected from the knee of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), articular chondrocalcinosis (ACC) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was examined for the levels of mast cells (MC), histamine, tryptase, phospholipase A2 and nitrite. MC counts were found to be elevated in the SF of OA patients as compared with RA patients. Histamine content in SF parallelled the number of MC. Tryptase levels were elevated in OA in comparison to RA and ACC, but the difference was not statistically significant. Identical PLA2 levels were recorded among the 3 groups. Nitrite concentrations were also higher in SF from OA patients as compared to RA patients. These results suggest that mast cells (MC), in association with various inflammatory cells, may contribute to inflammation and cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis (OA).
Dendritic Cell Modulation by Mast Cells Controls the Th1/Th2 Balance in Responding T Cells (2006)

The cytokines secreted by pathogen-activated human dendritic cells (DC) are strongly regulated in vitro by histamine, a major component of mast cell granules, ultimately modulating the capacity of the DC to polarize naive T cells. Because DC and mast cells are located in close proximity in peripheral compartments, we hypothesized that mast cell products would influence the maturation of DC and hence the Th balance of an immune response in vivo. In this study, we show that specific mast cell degranulation stimuli, given s.c. in mice with Ag and adjuvant, produce effector T cells that proliferate to Ag but secrete dramatically reduced levels of IFN-gamma and increased amounts of IL-4 compared with control T cells primed in the absence of a mast cell stimulus. Immunization with Ag and adjuvant in the presence of a degranulation stimulus also resulted in the accumulation of DC in the draining lymph nodes that had reduced capacity to induce Ag-specific Th1 cells, in comparison with DC from mice lacking a degranulation stimulus. Therefore, by acting upon DC at sites of inflammation, mast cells play a critical role in determining the polarity of Ag-specific T cell responses in vivo.
NiCr-CrAl Coating for Ni<sub>3</sub>Al Base Alloy IC6AE (2007)

The effect of NiCr-CrAl coating on the microstructure, oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as mechanical properties of Ni3Al base alloy IC6AE has been studied in the present investigation. NiCr-CrAl coating for alloy IC6AE was prepared by the powder pack cementation method. The oxidation resistance tests were carried out under the condition of 1050°C/100h, while the hot corrosion resistance tests were under 900°C/100h. The tensile tests at the room temperature and the stress rupture life tests under 1050°C/90Mpa have been also conducted. The experimental results showed that NiCr-CrAl as-coated specimens had excellent oxidation and hot corrosion resistance compared with the alloy IC6AE blank specimens, and NiCr-CrAl coating has no obvious effect on the mechanical properties of alloy IC6AE. It may be concluded that NiCr-CrAl coating is suitable for the alloy IC6AE.
Noninvasive Prediction of Prostatic DNA Damage by Oxidative Stress Challenge of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (2007)

To move closer to the goal of individualized risk prediction for prostate cancer, we used an in vivo canine model to evaluate whether the susceptibility of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to oxidative stress-induced DNA damage could identify those individuals with the highest prostatic DNA damage. This hypothesis was tested in a population of 69 elderly male beagle dogs after they had completed a 7-month randomized feeding trial to achieve the broad range of dietary selenium status observed in U.S. men. The alkaline Comet assay was used to directly compare the extent of DNA damage in PBLs with prostatic DNA damage in each dog. Using stepwise logistic regression, the sensitivity of PBLs to oxidative stress challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) predicted dogs in the highest tertile of prostatic DNA damage. Dogs with PBLs highly sensitive to H(2)O(2) were 7.6 times [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.5-38.3] more likely to have high prostatic DNA damage than those in the H(2)O(2)-resistant group. This risk stratification was observed in multivariate analysis that considered other factors that might influence DNA damage, such as age, toenail selenium concentration, and serum testosterone concentration. Our data show that the sensitivity of PBLs to oxidative stress challenge, but not endogenous DNA damage in PBLs, provides a noninvasive surrogate marker for prostatic DNA damage. These findings lend support to the concept that oxidative stress contributes to genotoxic damage, and that oxidative stress challenge may stratify men for prostate cancer risk.
Enhanced Performance of Oxygen-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Support for Pt and Pt–Ru Bimetallic Catalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation (2020)

The performance of Pt–Ru catalysts for methanol electrooxidation has been greatly enhanced by replacing the standard carbon XC72 support with oxygen-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Highly dispersed, intimately contacted Pt–Ru nanoparticles were synthesized on MWNT supports by a combination of strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) and electroless deposition (ED) methods. The catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), chemisorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the methanol electrooxidation reaction. The results showed that oxygen-functionalized MWCNTs not only influenced the chemical nature and morphology of the surfaces relative to XC72 but also enhanced the electrocatalytic properties of the resulting Pt and Pt–Ru electrocatalysts. STEM images revealed homogeneous dispersion of uniformly sized nanoparticles (NPs) for the two types of functionalized MWCNTs with relatively high particle density and no notable aggregation. The results also showed that the activities of Pt–Ru on functionalized MWCNT catalysts prepared by SEA and ED for methanol oxidation were much higher than those for commercial catalysts. The activities of −OH- and −COOH-terminated Pt–Ru/MWCNT-OH and Pt–Ru/MWCNT-COOH catalysts for methanol oxidation were up to 7 times higher than that for commercial Pt/XC72 and up to 4 times higher than that for a commercial Pt–Ru/XC72 catalyst with a 1:1 = Pt/Ru bulk atomic ratio.
A novel high-performance CMOS 1-bit full-adder cell (2000)

A novel 16-transistor CMOS 1-bit full-adder cell is proposed. It uses the low-power designs of the XOR and XNOR gates, pass transistors, and transmission gates. The cell offers higher speed and lower power consumption than standard implementations of the 1-bit full-adder cell. Eliminating an inverter from the critical path accounts for its high speed, while reducing the number and magnitude of the cell capacitances, in addition to eliminating the short circuit power component, account for its low power consumption. Simulation results comparing the proposed cell to the standard implementations show its superiority. Different circuit structures and input patterns are used for simulation. Energy savings up to 30% are achieved.
Spinning and Characterization of Conducting Microfibers (2003)

Abstract Conducting microfibers of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4‐styrene sulfonate), having a diameter ranging between 4.6 and 16 μm, were fabricated by a wet‐spinning technique. The as‐spun microfiber had no notable orientation of polymer chains with poor crystallinity, and electrical conductivity was in the order of 10 −1 S · cm −1 regardless of the diameter. Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break for the resulting microfiber were 1.1 ± 0.3 GPa, 17.2 ± 5.1 MPa, and 4.3 ± 2.3%, respectively. SEM image of a PEDOT/PSS microfiber reported here. magnified image SEM image of a PEDOT/PSS microfiber reported here.
Multimegawatt solid state rf driver for generating rotating magnetic fields (2000)

A radio frequency (rf) system using solid state switching has been designed and constructed that is capable of driving a pair of loop antenna with a circulating power of 60 MW for millisecond pulses. The primary application of this system is to produce an oscillating magnetic field in the frequency range of 0.2–0.7 MHz, to generate and sustain a large plasma current. The maximum power transfer from the rf source was measured to be greater than 10 MW. The driver consisted of 12 insulated gate bipolar transistor modules driven in parallel, and was capable of switching 20 kA at 1700 V. A sinusoidal current waveform with large circulating currents was obtained on the antenna by incorporating the antenna in a high Q (60), parallel LCR resonant circuit. The low impedance switch driver was matched to the antenna load through a 20:1 step-up air core transformer with a coupling efficiency of 99%.
Abnormalities of the Extracellular Degradation of Collagen Type I in Essential Hypertension (1998)

These findings suggest that systemic extracellular degradation of collagen type I is depressed in patients with essential hypertension and can be normalized by treatment with lisinopril. A depressed degradation of collagen type I may facilitate organ fibrosis in hypertensive patients, namely, in those with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Charcot-Leyden Crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and cause IL-1β inflammation (2018)

ABSTRACT Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are Galectin-10 protein crystals that can form after eosinophils degranule. CLCs can appear and persist in tissues from patients with eosinophilic disorders, such as asthma, allergic reactions, fungal, and helminthic infections. Despite abundant reports of their occurrence in human disease, the inflammatory potential of CLCs has remained unknown. Here we show that CLCs induce IL-1β release upon their uptake by primary human macrophages in vitro, and that they induce inflammation in vivo in mouse models of acute peritonitis and bronchitis. CLC-induced IL-1β was dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1, and their instillation in inflammasome reporter mice promoted the assembly of ASC complexes and IL-1β secretion in the lungs. Our findings reveal that CLCs are recognized by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may sustain inflammation that follows eosinophilic inflammatory processes.
Reinforcement of Elastomers by Silica (1977)

Abstract The physical characteristics of silica pigments covering a wide range of properties were determined and related by regression analysis to the static and dynamic mechanical properties of SBR vulcanizates reinforced with these silicas. Three morphological parameters were found to determine the vulcanizates' characteristics: the external surface area by CTAB adsorption, the structural index, and the DBP absorption number. The adherence between silica and elastomer was studied by means of swelling in solvents, by determination of the volume increase on deformation, and by scanning and transmission electron micrography. It was found that dewetting, the formation of vacuoles on deformation, is a most important factor, limiting reinforcement by silica at loadings above 40 phr. Equally, at such loadings the pH of the silica has an important influence : the higher the acidity, the less the adherence between pigment particle and elastomer. Silane coupling agents not only increase adherence, but also improve the degree of dispersion of the silica, which is frequently characterized by the presence of large, partly unwetted particle clumps under conventional conditions of incorporation, thus severely limiting the strength properties of the vulcanizates. The curing system employed and the accelerators used are also of paramount significance for adherence.
The leaf essential oil of allosyncarpia ternata S. T. Blake (1992)

Abstract The leaf essential oil from Allosyncarpia ternata S. T. Blake was found to consist of a mixture of over 60 monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The two groups of compounds contributed approximately equal amounts to the oil. The principal monoterpenes were β‐ and α‐pinene and limonene, while the principal sesquiterpenes were β‐caryophyllene, globulol and spathulenol.