gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Death and Dysfunction of Transplanted β-Cells: Lessons Learned From Type 2 Diabetes? (2013)

β-Cell replacement by islet transplantation is a potential curative therapy for type 1 diabetes. Despite advancements in islet procurement and immune suppression that have increased islet transplant survival, graft function progressively declines, and many recipients return to insulin dependence within a few years posttransplant. The progressive loss of β-cell function in islet transplants seems unlikely to be explained by allo- and autoimmune-mediated mechanisms alone and in a number of ways resembles β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. That is, both following transplantation and in type 2 diabetes, islets exhibit decreased first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, impaired proinsulin processing, inflammation, formation of islet amyloid, signs of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and β-cell death. These similarities suggest common mechanisms may underlie loss of insulin production in both type 2 diabetes and islet transplantation and point to the potential for therapeutic approaches used in type 2 diabetes that target the β-cell, such as incretin-based therapies, as adjuncts for immunosuppression in islet transplantation.
The effects of the microbiota on the host immune system (2014)

The human gastrointestinal track harbors hundreds of species of commensal organisms, collectively known as microbiota. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is changeable by various factors, such as host genotype, diet, antibiotics, pathogen infections, among others. Changes in these factors can cause microbiome disruption known as dysbiosis, leading to the outgrowth of potential pathogenic bacteria or decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria. Dysbiosis has been implicated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review is focused on host-microbiota interactions, specifically on influence of bacterial-derived signals on immune cell function and the mechanisms by which these signals modulate the development and progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Multi-video compression in texture space using 4D SPIHT (2005)

We present a model-based approach to encode multiple synchronized video streams which show a dynamic scene from different viewpoints. By utilizing 3D scene geometry, we compensate for motion and disparity by transforming all video images to object textures prior to compression. A 4D SPIHT wavelet compression algorithm exploits interframe coherence in both temporal and spatial dimension. Unused texels increase the compression, and a shape mask can be omitted at the cost of higher decoder complexity. The proposed coding scheme is intended for use in conjunction with free-viewpoint video and 3D-TV applications.
Shear- and UV-Induced Fluorescence Switching in Stilbenic π-Dimer Crystals Powered by Reversible [2 + 2] Cycloaddition (2009)

We have designed and synthesized asymmetric cyano-stilbene derivatives containing trifluoromethyl (-CF(3)) substituents with the aim of producing tightly packed pi-dimer systems that as crystals exhibit reversible [2 + 2] cycloaddition with characteristic fluorescence modulation. (Z)-3-(3',5'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)acrylonitrile (CN(L)-TrFMBE) and its derivatives were found to form antiparallel pi-dimer stacks in crystals due to their specific intermolecular interactions, including C-F...H and C-F...pi interactions. The CN(L)-TrFMBE pi-dimer crystals (and powder) are not at all fluorescent initially but switch to a highly fluorescent state (Phi(PL) = 24%) when an external shear-strain and/or prolonged UV (365 nm) irradiation is applied. Our experimental and theoretical investigations show that the fluorescence modulation in this particular system is due to the external and/or internal (in the case of UV irradiation) shear-induced lateral displacement of the pi-dimer molecular pair, which effectively turns the fluorescence emission on at the cost of frustrated [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Further, the fluorescence 'off' state can be restored by thermal annealing, which regenerates the tightly packed pi-dimer by reverse displacement together with the thermal dissociation of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition product. This system provides a very rare example of high-contrast reversible fluorescence switching that is driven by a change in the molecular packing mode in the solid state, which enables piezochromic and photochromic responses.
The Total Synthesis of Taxamairin B (1995)

Taxamairin B, a novel rearranged 9(10-->20)-abeo-8,11,13-triene diterpene, has been synthesized by a short and efficient route. A friedal-Crafts annunation and the oxidation of the allylic and benzylic methene group are the key steps.
T Cell Proliferation by Direct Cross-Talk between OX40 Ligand on Human Mast Cells and OX40 on Human T Cells: Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles between Human Tonsillar and Lung-Cultured Mast Cells (2004)

Mast cells (MCs) are the primary effector cells in allergic reactions and have also been found to activate T cells and to reside in close physical proximity to T cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the MC-T cell interaction remain unclear. We hypothesized that human tonsillar MCs, which locate in the interfollicular areas, might interact with T cells. Thus, we first established a culture system of human tonsillar MCs and then compared gene expression profiles of tonsillar MCs with that of lung MCs before and after aggregation of FcepsilonRI by using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays. Here we show that resting tonsillar MCs, when compared with lung MCs, revealed significantly higher expression levels for CC chemokines (CCL3 and 4), which recruit T cells, and for TNFR superfamilies (OX40 ligand and 4-1BB ligand), which induce proliferation of T cells. After aggregation of FcepsilonRI, not only tonsillar MCs but also lung MCs up-regulated the expression of these molecules. We confirmed that T cell proliferation is induced in direct cross-talk by the MC surface molecule OX40 ligand. These results suggest that human MCs may play important roles in adaptive immunity through the T cell responses.
Tight-junction protein zonula occludens 2 is a target of phosphorylation by protein kinase C (2001)

Zonula occludens 2 (ZO-2) protein is a tight-junction phos phorylated protein that belongs to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (‘MAGUK’) family. Here we study the interaction between ZO-2 and protein kinase C (PKC). We have constructed two ZO-2 fusion proteins of the middle (3PSG) and C-terminal (AP) regions of the molecule and demonstrate that they are phosphorylated by PKC isoenzymes β, ∊, λ and ∊. To understand the physiological significance of the interaction between ZO-2 and PKC, we analysed the phosphorylation state of ZO-2 immunoprecipitated from monolayers with mature tight junctions or from cells that either lack them or have them disassembled through Ca2+ chelation. We found that in the latter condition the phosphorylation level of ZO-2 is significantly higher and is due to the action of both PKC and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results therefore suggest that the phosphorylated state of ZO-2 restrains its capacity to operate at the junctional complex.
Altered composition of the cumulus-oocyte complex matrix during in vitro maturation of oocytes (2007)

These results indicate that extensively altered COC matrix composition is present during IVM and may contribute to the observed poorer competence of the derived oocytes.
Synthesis and antitumor evaluations of 1, 8-bis[(2-aminoethyl) amino]anthracene-9,10-diones (1988)

Bull.Chem.Soc.Ethiop.,2(2), 69-72 (1988).
Nutrition Past—Nutrition Today Prescientific Origins of Nutrition and Dietetics (1991)

The article is the third of four on prescientific nutrition and dietetics. The series explores allopathy and the rich prescientific origins of nutrition and dietetics: Part One—the nutritional-dietary legacy of India; Part Two—the allopathic contributions from Greek-Roman-Byzantine, and Jewish-Christian-Moslem Mediterranean societies; Part Three—the allopathic works from China; and Part Four—the important Hispanic contributions to allopathy in the New World. The objectives are three: 1) to identify the ancient origins of allopathy as a medical-dietary system and trace it from antiquity into the 20th century; 2) to identify and describe allopathic principles using original accounts and important, readily available secondary sources; and 3) to explore how allopathy and scientific nutrition differ and where common-sense principles coincide. By the development and publication of this series the author and editor believe that nutrition education in the United States today can be improved, especially in American communities where allopathy is widely practiced and science is viewed skeptically.
Structural Health Monitoring of the Large Adriatic Arch Bridges (2012)

Seven large reinforced concrete arch bridges on Adriatic coastline are vital links in Croatian road network system. Systematic approach in planning of bridge maintenance activities is essential for efficient bridge management. Structural health monitoring techniques may be implemented to improve maintenance management. In order to inspect behavior of structures at various construction stages, under load-testing prior to opening the bridge and/or during their service life, monitoring systems for control of stresses, strains, environmental parameters (e.g. air temperature, wind speed and direction) as well as long term control of corrosion progress have been installed on three major Croatian reinforced concrete arch bridges: Maslenica Bridge, Skradin Bridge and Cetina Bridge. Monitoring performance of those bridges will be shown in the paper together with recommendations for improvement of the bridge management system by using monitoring strategy.
New decoding algorithm for Reed - Muller codes (Corresp.) (1982)

We interpret Reed-Muller codes in terms of superimposition and present a new decoding algorithm for Reed-Muller codes. Before presenting this algorithm, we propose a decoding algorithm for a class of simple iterated codes (SI codes) that will play an important role in our new decoding algorithm. Finally, we compare our algorithm with the conventional algorithm for the cyclic Reed-Muller codes from the standpoint of decoding delay.
A Population-Based Twin Study of Lifetime Major Depression in Men and Women (1999)

Major depression is equally heritable in men and women, and most genetic risk factors influence liability to MD similarly in the 2 sexes. However, genes may exist that act differently on the risk for MD in men vs women.
Patients' Perception of Hospital Care in the United States (2008)

This portrait of patients' experiences in U.S. hospitals offers insights into areas that need improvement, suggests that the same characteristics of hospitals that lead to high nurse-staffing levels may be associated with better experiences for patients, and offers evidence that hospitals can provide both a high quality of clinical care and a good experience for the patient.
Protoplast dehydration correlated with heat resistance of bacterial spores (1985)

Water content of the protoplast in situ within the fully hydrated dormant bacterial spore was quantified by use of a spore in which the complex of coat and outer (pericortex) membrane was genetically defective or chemically removed, as evidenced by susceptibility of the cortex to lysozyme and by permeability of the periprotoplast integument to glucose. Water content was determined by equilibrium permeability measurement with 3H-labeled water (confirmed by gravimetric measurement) for the entire spore, with 14C-labeled glucose for the integument outside the inner (pericytoplasm) membrane, and by the difference for the protoplast. The method was applied to lysozyme-sensitive spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. megaterium (four types). Comparable lysozyme-resistant spores, in which the outer membrane functioned as the primary permeability barrier to glucose, were employed as controls. Heat resistances were expressed as D100 values. Protoplast water content of the lysozyme-sensitive spore types correlated with heat resistance exponentially in two distinct clusters, with the four B. megaterium types in one alignment, and with the four other species types in another. Protoplast water contents of the B. megaterium spore types were sufficiently low (26 to 29%, based on wet protoplast weight) to account almost entirely for their lesser heat resistance. Corresponding values of the other species types were similar or higher (30 to 55%), indicating that these spores depended on factors additional to protoplast dehydration for their much greater heat resistance.
Coherent cooperative transmission from multiple adjacent antennas to a distant stationary antenna through AWGN channels (2003)

The information transmission from a cluster of adjacent antennas to a distant stationary antenna through additive white Gaussian noise channels is considered. With the coherent cooperative transmission approach, information bits are first shared among this cluster of transmit antennas, and then these antennas adjust their carrier phases, carrier frequencies, and symbol timings, so that signals containing the same data arrive at the receive antenna coherently and thus combine constructively in the transmission medium. To achieve this, first, a common time scale must be tracked by all transmit antennas. This time scale is distributed in a master-slave style, with the clock of the receive antenna acting as the master clock. Secondly, due to the different propagation delays both from the master to the slaves, and from the transmit antenna to the receive antennas, pre-compensation is employed at transmit antennas. We derive a mathematical model for this transmission scheme. The probability density functions of variables in this model are determined, and the bit error rates are computed, for various data energy distributions and headers.
A Novel Synthetic Route to<i>N</i> <sup>6</sup>-Methyl-L-Iysine and<i>N</i> <sup>5</sup>-Methyl-L-ornithine via<i>N</i> <sup>3</sup>-Protected (<i>S</i>)-3-Aminolactams (1991)

(S)-3-Phthalimido- or (S)-3-tritylaminolactams, prepared from L-lysine and L-ornithine in two or three steps, are easily methylated at the endocyclic nitrogen atom by iodomethane/silver(I) oxide in dimethylformamide. Acid hydrolysis of the N-methylated lactams thus obtained affords N6-methyl-L-lysine and N5-methyl-L-ornithine hydrochlorides in high yield.
A photodiode cell for applications to position and motion estimation sensors (1996)

An optical cell has been designed and fabricated using standard digital 1.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. It has been designed for applications to sensors where the image acquisition time of fast moving objects or documents is of primary importance. The cell contains a photodiode working in storage mode and a shielded MOS capacitor acting as analog frame buffer. A chip prototype containing 64 linear arrays of 64 cells whose size is 36/spl times/36 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been tested and measurements have proved the functionality down to microsecond-range of exposure times. By virtue of the proposed read-out technique, the sensor architecture provides simultaneous image acquisition of irregular moving objects allowing precise detection of position and motion.
Analytical model of radiation response in FDSOI MOSFETS (2008)

It was recently shown that band-to-band tunneling (BBT), in combination with trapped charge buildup in the buried oxide, affects the radiation response in some fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) MOSFET technologies. In this paper, an analytical model for these radiation response characteristics is proposed. The charge coupling between the front and back gates is demonstrated analytically using closed-form expressions for the back-gate threshold voltage as a function of trapped charge in the buried oxide and front gate voltage.
On Power and Throughput Tradeoffs of WiFi and Bluetooth in Smartphones (2013)

This paper describes a combined power and throughput performance study of WiFi and Bluetooth usage in smartphones. The work measures the obtained throughput in various settings while employing each of these technologies, and the power consumption level associated with them. In addition, the power requirements of Bluetooth and WiFi in their respective noncommunicating modes are also compared. The study reveals several interesting phenomena and tradeoffs. In particular, the paper identifies many situations in which WiFi is superior to Bluetooth, countering previous reports. The study also identifies a couple of scenarios that are better handled by Bluetooth. The conclusions from this study suggest preferred usage patterns, as well as operative suggestions for researchers and smartphone developers. This includes a cross-layer optimization for TCP/IP that could greatly improve the throughput to power ratio whenever the transmitter is more capable than the receiver.
ASPIRATION METHOD OF SENILE CATARACT (1970)

1. The author has devised a new ultrasonic phaco-emulsifler after a series of fundamental experiments.2. The aspiration method by the ultrasonci phaco-emulsifier was used in about 250 cataract patients, and clinical results of one hundred cases were re-ported.3. The clinical results were almost as good as the conventional cataract surgery.4. The author believes that the main advantages of this aspiration method of senile cataract are simplicity, safety and an early convalescence.
The Intuitive Element in Metaphysics (1954)

IN PHILOSOPHY for a global world the theoretic component should be founded upon the logical relationships discovered, or postulated, in Nature. This means a foundation upon science and scientific method, since it is the primary business of science and its method to investigate such logical elements, if we define science as which is general and systematic, that is, in which specific propositions are all deduced from a few general principles. This logical unity with which science is concerned has been adumbrated intuitively by the mystical philosophers and religious geniuses of all ages. The relation between scientific knowledge and mystical religious feeling, or, to borrow the language of Professor F. S. C. Northrop, the relation between the theoretic and aesthetic components of religion, is described at perhaps the highest level by Albert Einstein in the following passages from his essay Religion and Science:
Platelet and coagulation activation with vascular endothelial growth factor generation in soft tissue sarcomas. (2000)

Angiogenesis and activated blood coagulation are involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Although some have suggested that activation of coagulation in tumors is not linked to activation of platelets, no data exist to either support or refute this concept. However, platelet turnover in cancer patients is often increased, and platelets are carriers of angiogenic growth factors. We hypothesized that platelets are involved in tumor-associated angiogenesis. To obtain evidence supporting this hypothesis, we have studied whether the angiogenic and coagulation pathways and platelets are concomitantly activated in cancer patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) using a novel method to detect activated platelets in tumor specimens. Twelve patients with STS were selected on the basis of having intratumoral accumulation of fluid, which was aspirated. These accumulations demonstrated very high concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and coagulation factors (including thrombin-antithrombin-complex). Tumor specimens showed dense vascularization with intense vascular endothelial growth factor expression and the presence of activated platelets. Taken together, these results support the concept that angiogenesis, blood coagulation, and platelets are concomitantly activated in STS and support the hypothesis that platelets contribute to tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, in 1925. General report (1926)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
An Ensemble Kalman Smoother for Nonlinear Dynamics (2000)

It is formally proved that the general smoother for nonlinear dynamics can be formulated as a sequential method, that is, observations can be assimilated sequentially during a forward integration. The general filter can be derived from the smoother and it is shown that the general smoother and filter solutions at the final time become identical, as is expected from linear theory. Then, a new smoother algorithm based on ensemble statistics is presented and examined in an example with the Lorenz equations. The new smoother can be computed as a sequential algorithm using only forward-in-time model integrations. It bears a strong resemblance with the ensemble Kalman filter. The difference is that every time a new dataset is available during the forward integration, an analysis is computed for all previous times up to this time. Thus, the first guess for the smoother is the ensemble Kalman filter solution, and the smoother estimate provides an improvement of this, as one would expect a smoother to do. The method is demonstrated in this paper in an intercomparison with the ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble smoother introduced by van Leeuwen and Evensen, and it is shown to be superior in an application with the Lorenz equations. Finally, a discussion is given regarding the properties of the analysis schemes when strongly non-Gaussian distributions are used. It is shown that in these cases more sophisticated analysis schemes based on Bayesian statistics must be used.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship between HbA1c and Blood Glucose: Implications for the Diagnosis of Diabetes (2012)

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used as an index of mean glycemia in diabetes, as a measure of risk for the development of diabetic complications, and as a measure of the quality of diabetes care. In 2010, the American Diabetes Association recommended that HbA1c tests, performed in a laboratory using a method certified by the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, be used for the diagnosis of diabetes. Although HbA1c has a number of advantages compared to traditional glucose criteria, it has a number of disadvantages. Hemoglobinopathies, thalassemia syndromes, factors that impact red blood cell survival and red blood cell age, uremia, hyperbilirubinemia, and iron deficiency may alter HbA1c test results as a measure of average glycemia. Recently, racial and ethnic differences in the relationship between HbA1c and blood glucose have also been described. Although the reasons for racial and ethnic differences remain unknown, factors such as differences in red cell survival, extracellular-intracellular glucose balance, and nonglycemic genetic determinants of hemoglobin glycation are being explored as contributors. Until the reasons for these differences are more clearly defined, reliance on HbA1c as the sole, or even preferred, criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes creates the potential for systematic error and misclassification. HbA1c must be used thoughtfully and in combination with traditional glucose criteria when screening for and diagnosing diabetes.