gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric measurements of phagocytosis. I. A methodical and comparative study. (1984)

A flow cytometric technique is described for measurement of phagocytic activity in human leucocytes using FITC-labelled latex particles (0.77 micron). Cell suspensions separated from peripheral blood by dextran sedimentation were hemolyzed to avoid particle uptake by erythrocytes. The leucocytes were incubated for various time intervals with a standardized solution of 2 x 10(7) FITC-labelled latex particles per 2 x 10(5) leucocytes in 0.6 ml medium. Relative fluorescence per cell was measured on the basis of 10(5) cells, and a simple technique has been described to evaluate data characteristic for different steps of phagocytosis and to discriminate between phagocytizing and non-phagocytizing cells. In comparison, rice starch phagocytosis has been measured microscopically. A positive correlation between both methods has been found in 11 patients with different disease-related phagocytic capacity.
Stimulation of collagen α1(I) gene expression is associated with lipid peroxidation in hepatocellular injury: A link to tissue fibrosis?† (1994)

We have shown that lipid peroxidation stimulates collagen alpha 1(I) gene transcription in cultured cells. Because increased lipid peroxidation and collagen production coexist in many hepatic disorders, including experimental carbon tetrachloride intoxication, we investigated whether lipid peroxidation modulates collagen gene expression in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In this animal model, we show colocalization of increased collagen alpha 1(I) mRNA with lipid peroxidation by means of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study for malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts, respectively. However, allyl alcohol treatment, which induced a similar degree of hepatocellular injury but without aldehyde-protein adducts, did not increase collagen alpha 1(I) gene expression, suggesting that hepatocyte necrosis is not sufficient to induce the expression of collagen type I. Furthermore, in the absence of an inflammatory response, coculture experiments of hepatocytes and Ito cells treated with carbon tetrachloride indicate that hepatocytes exert a "paracrine" stimulation of both lipid peroxidation and collagen gene expression in Ito cells. These experiments suggest that hepatocyte lipid peroxidation plays a major role in the regulation of collagen alpha 1(I) gene expression by Ito cells and that it may be a link between hepatocyte injury and hepatic fibrosis.
Copolymerization and blending of poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s to improve their melt processability (2006)

Abstract The melt processability of phthalazinone‐containing poly(aryl ether)s (PAEs) was improved through copolymerization and blending. Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK) copolymers containing phthalazinone and bisphenol‐A (BPA) moieties were synthesized through nucleophilic substitution polycondensation. The PPEK copolymers exhibited high glass transition temperatures, excellent thermooxidative properties, good mechanical properties and improved solubility, all of which can be tailored by changing the molar ratio of phthalazinone to bisphenol monomers. The rheological investigation indicated that the incorporation of the flexible BPA moiety into the main chain lowered the melt viscosity of the copolymers. To improve the melt processability further, polymer blends of a PPEK copolymer/polycarbonate (PC) were prepared. The results suggested that blending is an effective approach for improving the melt processability of phthalazinone‐containing PAEs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2575–2580, 2007
Communication between paired chondrocytes in the superficial zone of articular cartilage (2004)

The regeneration and repair of cartilage damaged by injury or disease, a major goal of orthopaedic science, depends on understanding the structure and function of both the extracellular matrix and the chondrocytes. In this study, we explored the in situ organization and potential interactions between chondrocytes in the superficial zone of adult rabbit articular cartilage. Some chondrocytes in this zone were observed close together and appeared to be paired whereas others were solitary. The shared surfaces of a chondrocyte pair were separated by a narrow plate of extracellular matrix, into which extended small cytoplasmic projections from both cells. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of major cellular landmarks, such as the nucleus and centrosome as well as some intracellular proteins such as connexin-43, tended to be mirrored about this matrix plate. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed the fluorescent dye calcein-AM dye can pass between paired cells, and that the passage of this dye can be inhibited by the gap junction blocker octanol. These results illustrate that rapid cellular communication is possible between cells in the superficial layer of adult articular cartilage, which challenges the current thinking that these chondrocytes function in isolation.
BEGA Starter/Alternator—Vector Control Implementation and Performance for Wide Speed Range at Unity Power Factor Operation (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The Biaxial Excitation Generator for Automobiles (BEGA) is proposed as a solution for integrated starter/alternator systems used in hybrid electric vehicles. This paper demonstrates through experiments and simulations that BEGA has a very large constant power speed range. A vector control structure is proposed for BEGA operation during motoring and generating, at unity power factor with zero <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$d$ </tex></formula>-axis current <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(i_{d})$</tex></formula> and zero <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula>-axis flux <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(\Psi_{q})$ </tex></formula> control. In such conditions, BEGA behaves like a separately excited dc brush(commutator) machine, in the sense that no stator inductance voltage drop occurs in such constraint control conditions. A high <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$i_{q}$</tex></formula> current is required in order to cancel the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula>-axis flux, during unity power factor operation. This engages higher copper losses in the machine under light load. In order to minimize the copper losses, for lower load levels, a current referencer is proposed. Due to higher dc field excitation time constant, the dc field current response is not very fast, particularly for high-current excursion. In order to increase the torque response quickness, the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$d$</tex></formula>-axis current <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$i_{d}$</tex> </formula> is controlled with a nonzero reference value only during transients, when there is a difference between the reference and measured dc field currents. This way, high dynamic performance is secured. Implementation, digital simulation, and experimental results validate the proposed solutions. </para>
Monocyclopentadienylhydride Derivatives of Ruthenium:  Stereoselective Proton Transfer and Proton-Hydride Exchange in an Extremely Short Dihydrogen Bond (2004)

Diastereomerically pure complexes of formula CpRuCl(PP*) and CpRuH(PP*) with chiral ferrocenyl diphosphines were prepared and the selectivity of proton-transfer processes over the monohydride compounds with different acids was studied. With 1 equiv of HBF4 the cis-dihydrogen and trans-dihydride complexes were formed while with 3 equiv of CF3CO2H the trans-dihydride derivative was the only product. However, the use of 1 equiv of CF3CO2H led to a dihydrogen bonded complex with an extremely short RuH···HO2CF3 interaction that exhibits proton-hydride exchange. Using the labeled acid CF3CO2D, a stereoselective transference of the deuteron was demonstrated that implies the previous epimerization of the monohydride and the subsequent attack of the acid in the position previously occupied by the hydride.
Noninvasive Markers of Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (2014)

It is often difficult to assess disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Noninvasive biomarkers are a means of quantifying often nebulous symptoms without subjecting patients to endoscopy or radiation. This paper highlights markers present in feces, serum, or urine that have all been compared with the gold standard, histologic analysis of endoscopically collected specimens. Two categories of markers are featured: well-researched markers of mucosal inflammation with high sensitivity and specificity (calprotectin, lactoferrin, and S100A12) and novel promising markers, some of which are already clinically employed for reasons unrelated to IBD (interleukin [IL]-17, IL-33/ST2, adenosine deaminase, polymorphonuclear elastase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, neopterin, serum M30, and fecal immunohistochemistry). The data pertaining to the more-established markers are intended to highlight recent clinical applications for these markers (ie, assessing disease outside of the colon or in the pediatric population as well as being a cost-saving alternative to colonoscopy to screen for IBD). As there is no evidence to date that a specific marker will accurately be able to represent the entire IBD patient population, it is likely that a combination of the existing markers will be most clinically relevant to the practicing gastroenterologist attempting to evaluate disease severity in a specific patient. Familiarity with the most promising emerging markers will allow a better understanding of new studies and their impact on patient care.
Extending OSPF to Support Demand Circuits (1995)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the
Bookmark-Coloring Algorithm for Personalized PageRank Computing (2006)

We introduce a novel bookmark-coloring algorithm (BCA) that computes authority weights over the web pages utilizing the web hyperlink structure. The computed vector (BCV) is similar to the PageRank vector defined for a page-specific teleportation. Meanwhile, BCA is very fast, and BCV is sparse. BCA also has important algebraic properties. If several BCVs corresponding to a set of pages (called _hub_) are known, they can be leveraged in computing arbitrary BCV via a straightforward algebraic process and hub BCVs can be efficiently computed and encoded.
Increasing Supply-Chain Visibility with Rule-Based RFID Data Analysis (2009)

RFID technology tracks the flow of physical items and goods in supply chains to help users detect inefficiencies, such as shipment delays, theft, or inventory problems. An inevitable consequence, however, is that it generates huge numbers of events. To exploit these large amounts of data, the supply chain visualizer increases supply-chain visibility by analyzing RFID data, using a mix of automated analysis techniques and human effort. The tool's core concepts include rule-based analysis techniques and a map-based representation interface. With these features, it lets users visualize the supply-chain structure, together with performance metrics, and detect problematic hot spots.
Stability of laminar electron layers (1984)

The stability of a finite thickness, laminar cylindrical shell of electrons rotating azimuthally and enclosed in a coaxial waveguide is considered. The equilibrium rotation of the electrons is supported either by a radial electric field, an axial magnetic field, or a combination of both. The stability problem is formulated exactly as an eigenvalue problem, including all relativistic and electromagnetic effects as well as all effects of self and applied equilibrium fields. An approximate dispersion relation, valid for thin beams, is obtained analytically and the classical results for the ‘‘longitudinal’’ modes, i.e., the negative mass, cyclotron maser, and diocotron instabilities and for the ‘‘transverse’’ mode are recovered in appropriate limits. The dispersion relation is relatively simple and is valid for arbitrary values of the equilibrium electric and magnetic fields and for arbitrary beam energy. It therefore provides a ready comparison of the small signal properties of such devices as the Astron, gyrotron, orbitron, heliotron and the various cross field devices. It may also be of interest in accelerator and space physics applications. Some heretofore unnoticed effects on beam stability of equilibrium fields are reported; one such effect in particular leads to formulation of a simple, effective method either to maximize or eliminate altogether the longitudinal mode growth. Results from the dispersion relation compare favorably to results obtained from a numerical solution of the eigenvalue problem.
Inter-RAT MRO in 3GPP Rel.11: What Works, and What Does Not (2013)

With deploying LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network operators are faced with managing up to three partly overlaying network deployments of different radio access technologies (RATs), for instance, GSM, UMTS and LTE. A concerted management of all three RATs requires self-organizing networks (SON) functionalities which have become an essential part of LTE. One prominent use case is mobility robustness optimization (MRO) and, recently, inter-RAT MRO has been discussed and specified in 3GPP as part of the Rel.11 SON framework. Hereto, a network deployment scenario was assumed where the existing legacy cellular network (for instance UMTS) provides full coverage, while LTE network deployment is limited to areas with high user penetration. Consequently, 3GPP focused on two inter-RAT failure cases, namely too late handover from LTE to 3G and too early handover from 3G to LTE, where the latter case refers to a handover triggered to LTE while the quality offered there is too poor to maintain the call. All other inter-RAT handover failure cases are not considered in Rel.11. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an inter-RAT MRO algorithm based on the Rel.11 capabilities with the reduced set of key performance indicators (KPIs) being applied to deployment scenario where 3G is not ubiquitous and LTE provides better coverage in some areas. The simulation results show that the algorithm with reduced KPI set performs very well for the considered limited LTE coverage scenario, but show expected deficiencies if deployment scenario changes.
Synthesis of (+)-Yatakemycin (2006)

Isolated from Streptomyces sp. TP-A0356, (+)-yatakemycin is a potent antitumor antibiotic, which acts by the sequence-selective alkylation of DNA. Key to this synthesis is the preparation of fragments E, L, and I in expedient and high-yielding fashion by copper-mediated aryl amination reactions.
2-Carbomethoxycyclopent-2-enone (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXT2-Carbomethoxycyclopent-2-enoneJohn N. Marx, James H. Cox, and Lewis R. NormanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 26, 4489–4491Publication Date (Print):July 29, 1972Publication History Published online23 July 2008Published inissue 29 July 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00799a602Copyright © 1972 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views816Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (822 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One-Step Protein Purification: Use of a Novel Epitope Tag for Highly Efficient Detection and Purification of Recombinant Proteins (2011)

We used the interaction between an epitope of the Tobacco mosaic virus 54K replicase (tag54) and its corresponding monoclonal antibody 54 (mAb54) for the design of a new epitope-tagging system. We fused the DNA sequence of tag54 and two elongated derivates thereof to the C-terminus of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and produced the tagged proteins in tobacco. Immunoblot and ELISA analysis demonstrated that the tagged proteins were detected with high sensitivity in plant extracts. Moreover, the tag54 system enabled the full recovery of the recombinant CAT with excellent purity through immunoaffinity chromatography. We consider this novel epitope-tag system to be a valuable tool for both the detection and purification of recombinant proteins.
Date palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>) leaf extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of the paper was to investigate the use of aqueous extract of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera ) leaf as a green inhibitor for corrosion of carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Design/methodology/approach – Extracts from the date palm were used as the main component of an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for use in HCl pickling processes. Inhibition behavior on carbon steel in HCl was investigated using weight loss measurements, linear and potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Findings – The results show that the extract exhibited good inhibition performance in 1M HCl. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the inhibitor but decreased with increase in temperature. Inhibition efficiency also was found to increase as immersion time increased. The inhibitive action was due to adsorption of the date palm leaf components on the steel, which was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm. Practical implications – Date palm leaf extract (DPLE) is an effective inhibitor at room temperature and can be used to protect plain carbon steel from corrosion in HCl solution. Originality/value – This study provides new information on the inhibiting characteristics of DPLE under specified conditions. The environmentally friendly inhibitor could find possible applications in metal surface anodizing and acid pickling processes.
Three Dimensional Gait Analysis Using Wearable Acceleration and Gyro Sensors Based on Quaternion Calculations (2013)

This paper proposes a method for three dimensional gait analysis using wearable sensors and quaternion calculations. Seven sensor units consisting of a tri-axial acceleration and gyro sensors, were fixed to the lower limbs. The acceleration and angular velocity data of each sensor unit were measured during level walking. The initial orientations of the sensor units were estimated using acceleration data during upright standing position and the angular displacements were estimated afterwards using angular velocity data during gait. Here, an algorithm based on quaternion calculation was implemented for orientation estimation of the sensor units. The orientations of the sensor units were converted to the orientations of the body segments by a rotation matrix obtained from a calibration trial. Body segment orientations were then used for constructing a three dimensional wire frame animation of the volunteers during the gait. Gait analysis was conducted on five volunteers, and results were compared with those from a camera-based motion analysis system. Comparisons were made for the joint trajectory in the horizontal and sagittal plane. The average RMSE and correlation coefficient (CC) were 10.14 deg and 0.98, 7.88 deg and 0.97, 9.75 deg and 0.78 for the hip, knee and ankle flexion angles, respectively.
Dynamic Optimisation of Industrial Sugar Crystallization Process based on a Hybrid (mechanistic+ANN) Model (2006)

A model-based optimization of an industrial fed-batch sugar crystallisation process is considered in this paper. The objective is to define the optimal profiles of the manipulated process inputs, the feeding rate of liquor/syrup and the steam supply rate, such that the crystal content and the crystal size distribution (CSD) measures at the end of the batch cycle reach the reference values. A knowledge-based hybrid model is implemented, which combines a partial first principles model reflecting the mass, energy and population balances with an artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate the kinetics parameters - particle growth rate, nucleation rate and the agglomeration kernel. The simulation results demonstrate that the very tight and conflicting end-point objectives are simultaneously feasible in the presence of hard process constrains.
Shrinkage of Gastric Cancer in an Elderly Patient Who Received <i>Rhus verniciflua</i> Stokes Extract (2010)

We suggest that RVS extract could be a candidate for a natural agent that induces selective apoptosis and inhibits cell growth in gastric adenocarcinoma.
INFLUENCE OF PLOIDY LEVEL ON SEVERAL PLANT CHARACTERISTICS IN SOYBEANS (1979)

A ploidy series including haploid, diploid, triploid, tetraploid and pentaploid plants were identified among mono-embryonic and polyembryonic progeny of male-sterile (ms 1 /ms 1 ) soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Ploidy level was positively correlated with guard cell length, number of chloroplasts per guard cell, leaflet width to length ratio and flower size; and negatively correlated with stomatal frequency and number of internodes. The influence of ploidy level was significant for all characteristics examined. All of these characteristics responded linearly with ploidy level, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.54 to 0.94. Guard cell length and number of chloroplasts per guard cell appeared to be excellent indicators of ploidy level.
Chemical Modifications of Atomic Force Microscopy Tips (2011)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) works by scanning a very tiny tip over a surface with great precision. The microscope tips can be chemically functionalized to improve the images obtained. Well-defined chemical functionalization of AFM tips is especially important for experiments, such as chemical force microscopy and single molecule recognition force microscopy, to examine specific interactions at the single molecular level. In this chapter, we present an overview of chemical modifications of tips that have been reported to date with regards to the proper fixation of probe molecules, focusing particularly on chemical procedures developed to anchor biological molecules on AFM tips.