gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Strategies for Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation and Organ Allografts (1999)

In humans, the success rate of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers is not high due to: (1) graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR); (2) graft rejection, and (3) incomplete T cell recovery. In mice, GvHR can be prevented if T cell- depleted bone marrow cells (BMCs; <2% T cells) are used. Graft rejection can be prevented by either bone grafts (to recruit donor-derived stromal cells) or the injection of donor BMCs via the portal vein (p.v; to induce donor-specific tolerance). T cell functions are recovered by BMT plus bone grafts if the thymic functions of recipients are not completely lost. After the complete loss of thymic functions (due to aging), BMT plus embryonal thymus grafts should be carried out.Recently, we have found that persistent donor-specific tolerance can be induced if allogeneic hemopoietic stem cells are injected via the p.v. Based on these findings, we have established new strategies for organ allografts. Without irradiation, donor BMCs should be injected from the p.v. injection on day 0 plus i.v. injection on day 5, and an immunosuppressant (CsA or FK506) should be used on days 2 and 5. Without using immunosuppressants, sublethal irradiation (7 Gy) followed by skin allografts plus allogeneic BMC injection via the p.v. should be carried out. This leads to a 100% acceptance of skin and pancreas allografts for more than 300 days. The recipient mice show mixed allogeneic chimerism, and spleen cells from the recipients show tolerance to both donor-type and host-type MHC determinants in the assays for mixed lymphocyte reaction and generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have confirmed that these strategies are applicable to other animals such as pigs and rats. We therefore believe that they will become viable and valuable strategies for human organ allografts.
A Framework to Measure Reliance of Acoustic Latency on Smartphone Status (2018)

Audio latency, defined as the time duration when an audio signal travels from the microphone to an app or from an app to the speakers, significantly influences the performance of many mobile sensing applications including acoustic based localization and speech recognition. It is well known within the mobile app development community that audio latencies can be significant (up to hundreds of milliseconds) and vary from smartphone to smartphone and from time to time. Therefore, it is essential to study the causes and effects of the audio latency in smartphones. To the best of our knowledge, there exist mobile apps that can measure audio latency but not the corresponding status of smartphones such as available RAM, CPU loads, battery level, and number of files and folders. In this paper, we are the first to propose a framework that can simultaneously log both the audio latency and the status of smartphones. The proposed framework does not require time synchronization or firmware reprogramming and can run on a standalone device. Since the framework is designed to study the latency causality, the status of smartphones are deliberately and randomly varied as maximum as possible. To evaluate the framework, we present a case study with Android devices. We design and implement a latency app that simultaneously measures the latency and the status of smartphones. The preliminary results show that the latency values have large means (50 - 150 ms) and variances (4-40 ms). The effect of latency can be considerably reduced by just simply subtracting the offset. In order to achieve improved latency prediction that can cope with the variances an advanced regression model would be preferred.
Chemically modified calix[4]arenes. Regioselective synthesis of 1,3-(distal) derivatives and related compounds. X-Ray crystal structure of a diphenol-dinitrile (1991)

p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene has been chemically modified in a regioselective manner at the 1,3-(distal) phenolic groups of the lower rim using electrophiles such as ethyl bromoacetate, chloroacetone, bromopinacolone, chloroacetonitrile, and prop-2-ynyl bromide. X-Ray diffraction analysis of one of these 1,3-derivatives reveals that it exists in a highly distorted cone conformation. Crystals of the dinitrile 7 are triclinic, space group P, with two molecules in a cell of dimensions a= 13.191 (3), b= 16.755(3), c= 10.424(1)Å; α= 100.32(1), β= 93.23(1), γ= 84.89(2)°. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares calculations; R= 0.066 for 4155 observed reflections. The two phenolic rings (A and C) are tilted (interplanar angle 102.3°) so as to place the hydroxy groups inside the cavity, whereas rings B and D bearing OCH2CN moieties are almost parallel to each other (interplanar angle 13.3°). This arrangement allows for relatively facile intramolecular hydrogen bond formation between proximal hydroxy and ether functional groups [O(H)⋯ O 2.941(3) and 2.903(3)Å]. These products are useful precursors of other 1,3-disubstituted derivatives including double calixarenes and of a variety of tetrasubstituted calix[4]arenes with dual functionality on the lower rim.
Halogenation of Estrone and Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalogenation of Estrone and Derivatives1Erwin Schwenk, Charles G. Castle, and Erzsebet JoachimCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 136–144Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01036a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TGF-β Neutralization Enhances AngII-Induced Aortic Rupture and Aneurysm in Both Thoracic and Abdominal Regions (2016)

AngII and TGF-β interact in development of thoracic and abdominal aortic diseases, although there are many facets of this interaction that have not been clearly defined. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of TGF-β neutralization on AngII induced-aortic pathologies. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered with either a rabbit or mouse TGF-β neutralizing antibody and then infused with AngII. The rabbit TGF-β antibody modestly reduced serum TGF-β concentrations, with no significant enhancements to AngII-induced aneurysm or rupture. Administration of this rabbit TGF-β antibody in mice led to high serum titers against rabbit IgG that may have attenuated the neutralization. In contrast, a mouse TGF-β antibody (1D11) significantly increased rupture in both the ascending and suprarenal aortic regions, but only at doses that markedly decreased serum TGF-β concentrations. High doses of 1D11 antibody significantly increased AngII-induced ascending and suprarenal aortic dilatation. To determine whether TGF-β neutralization had effects in mice previously infused with AngII, the 1D11 antibody was injected into mice that had been infused with AngII for 28 days and were observed during continued infusion for a further 28 days. Despite near ablations of serum TGF-β concentrations, the mouse TGF-β antibody had no effect on aortic rupture or dimensions in either ascending or suprarenal region. These data provide further evidence that AngII-induced aortic rupture is enhanced greatly by TGF-β neutralization when initiated before pathogenesis.
The mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism (1933)

Introduction: the three divisions of electromagnetism Part I. Electrostatics and Current Electricity: 1. Physical principles 2. The electrostatic field of force 3. Conductors and condensers 4. Systems of conductors 5. Dielectrics and inductive capacity 6. The state of the medium in the electrostatic field 7. General analytical theorems 8. Methods for the solution of special problems 9. Steady currents in linear conductors 10. Steady currents in continuous media Part II. Magnetism: 11. Permanent magnetism 12. Induced magnetism Part III. Electromagnetism: 13. The magnetic field produced by electric currents 14. Induction of currents in linear circuits 15. Induction of currents in continuous media 16 Dynamical theory of currents 17. Displacement currents and electromagnetic waves 18. The electromagnetic theory of light 19. The motion of electrons 20. The theory of relativity 21. The electrical structure of matter Index.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Add-On Therapy for the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia (2007)

The current meta-analysis provides no global support for an improvement in negative symptoms with SSRI augmentation therapy in schizophrenia.
Part 7. Effects of poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide‐<i>co</i>‐ϵ‐caprolactone) on morphology, structure, crystallization, and physical properties of blends of poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (2003)

Abstract Blended films of poly( L ‐lactide) [ie poly( L ‐lactic acid)] (PLLA) and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) without or mixed with 10 wt% poly( L ‐lactide‐ co ‐ϵ‐caprolactone) (PLLA‐CL) were prepared by solution‐casting. The effects of PLLA‐CL on the morphology, phase structure, crystallization, and mechanical properties of films have been investigated using polarization optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing. Addition of PLLA‐CL decreased number densities of spherulites in PLLA and PCL films, and improved the observability of spherulites and the smoothness of cross‐section of the PLLA/PCL blend film. The melting temperatures ( T m ) of PLLA and PCL in the films remained unchanged upon addition of PLLA‐CL, while the crystallinities of PLLA and PCL increased at PLLA contents [ X PLLA = weight of PLLA/(weight of PLLA and PCL)] of 0.4–0.7 and at most of the X PLLA values, respectively. The addition of PLLA‐CL improved the tensile strength and the Young modulus of the films at X PLLA of 0.5–0.8 and of 0–0.1 and 0.5–0.8, respectively, and the elongation at break of the films at all the X PLLA values. These findings strongly suggest that PLLA‐CL was miscible with PLLA and PCL, and that the dissolved PLLA‐CL in PLLA‐rich and PCL‐rich phases increased the compatibility between these two phases. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient Sparse 3D Reconstruction by Space Sweeping (2006)

This paper introduces a feature based method for the fast generation of sparse 3D point clouds from multiple images with known pose. We extract sub-pixel edge elements (2D position plus associated orientation) and use a space sweeping scheme to compute the accurate 3D location of these edge features. Our approach relies mainly on the geometric properties of the extracted primitives and incorporates a robust uncertainty estimation to detect outliers. Epipolar constraints between views are used to narrow down the search space of potential candidates in the images. In order to improve the efficiency of spatial queries, for detecting edgels lying close to an epipolar line, we utilise a pairwise stereo rectification scheme. The detection and verification of tentative hypotheses is carried out in 3D-space, thus allowing to perform an event driven search mode. An uncertainty measure that models the location inaccuracies in the feature extraction process and errors introduced in the camera pose estimation stage allows to assign a likelihood value to each hypothesis. Optionally an image-based similarity measure can be used to verify the 3D hypotheses and to identify false positives. We perform experiments on a synthetic data set and on several real datasets. The results indicate that the proposed method yields accurate measurements on depth discontinuities and thus represents a complementary technique to standard dense matching approaches.
Experimental Investigation of a Narrow Leaning Vehicle Tilt Stability Control System (2007)

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by more efficiently utilizing existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need reduced-width lanes can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable and easy to operate. In this paper implementation and experimental investigation of a tilt stability control system for such a vehicle is presented. This control system is a combination of three different types of control schemes: steering tilt control (STC) system, direct tilt control (DTC) system and Tilt Brake system. The combined STC + DTC (SDTC) system is validated by running standard vehicle maneuver experiments such as turns and lane changes. The performance of the Tilt Brake algorithm is also verified for different brake switchover scenarios. Finally different experiment results are presented to demonstrate the effect of desired tilt angle definition on the handling of a narrow tilting vehicle.
Distribution and three-dimensional structure of intercellular junctions in canine myocardium. (1989)

Electrotonic coupling of cardiac myocytes at gap junctions may influence patterns of conduction in myocardium. To delineate the three-dimensional structure and distribution of intercellular junctions, we analyzed serial ultrathin sections of canine myocardium with transmission electron microscopy and disaggregated myocytes with scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis of left ventricular myocardium sectioned in three orthogonal planes revealed that 80% of total gap junctional membrane occurred in large, ribbon-like gap junctions oriented transversely at cell end processes. The remaining 20% of gap junctional membrane was contained in small gap junctions located within plicate segments (interdigitating regions of cell-to-cell adhesion) of intercalated disks. In serial ultrathin sections, all gap junctions were contiguous with plicate segments. Thus, true "lateral" gap junctions do not exist in working ventricular myocytes and would not likely be able to withstand shear forces created by laterally sliding cells. Examination of serial plastic sections with light microscopy revealed complex overlapping of myocytes such that individual myocytes were connected at intercalated disks to an average of 9.1 +/- 2.2 other myocytes. These observations provide an improved understanding of the extent and distribution of cell junctions and should facilitate experimental and model studies of conduction in myocardium.
Stray radiation from ruled gratings (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStray radiation from ruled gratingsWilbur. KayeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 13, 2022–2025Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00263a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (422 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Easy Synthesis of Two Positional Isomeric Tetrazole Libraries (2016)

A fast and efficient synthesis of libraries of positional isomeric 1<i>H</i>-tetrazoles and 5<i>H</i>-tetrazoles, for the purpose of testing binding hypothesis of isomeric tetrazoles in fragment-based drug discovery, is described.
Introduction of disulfide bridges within silica nanoparticles to control their intra-cellular degradation (2013)

Incorporation of disulfide bridges in the core structure of silica nanoparticles modifies their intracellular fate within dermal fibroblasts, especially influencing their degradation pathway.
Blocking Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Mouse IFN- <i>α</i> / <i>β</i> Receptor Subunit 1 (IFNAR-1) from Mice Immunized by <i>In Vivo</i> Hydrodynamic Transfection (2006)

Herein we report the generation of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the IFNAR-1 subunit of the mouse interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) receptor (MAR1 mAbs) that block type I IFN receptor signaling and biologic response induction in vitro and in vivo. These mAbs were generated from Ifnar1 (/) mice immunized by in vivo hydrodynamic transfection with a plasmid encoding the extracellular domain (ECD) of murine IFNAR-1. All MAR1 mAbs bound native receptor expressed on cell surfaces and immunoprecipitated IFNAR-1 from solubilized cells, and two mAbs also detected IFNAR-1 by Western blot analysis. in vitro, the mAbs prevented ligand-induced intracellular signaling and induction of a variety of type I IFN-induced biologic responses but had no effect on IFN-gamma-induced responses. The most effective in vitro blocker, MAR1-5A3, also blocked type I IFN-induced antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor responses in vivo. We also explored whether murine IFNAR-1 surface expression required the presence of Tyk2. In contrast to Tyk2-deficient human cell lines, comparable IFNAR-1 expression was found on primary cells derived either from wild-type or Tyk2 (/) mice. These mAbs represent much needed tools to more clearly elucidate the biochemistry, cell biology, and physiologic function of the type I IFNs and their receptor in mediating host-protective immunity and immunopathology.
Correcting for miniature eye movements in high-resolution scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (2005)

The newest generation of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopes with adaptive optics correction of ocular aberrations provides retinal images of unprecedented resolution, allowing for real-time imaging of photoreceptors in the living human eye. Natural fixational eye movements made by the subject/patient during recording produce distortions that are unique in each frame. Correction for these distortions is necessary before multiple frames can be added together to achieve noise reduction or to build a mosaic image from different retinal areas. Here we describe the characteristics of fixational eye movements and the distortions they produce during retinal imaging, we show examples of images with particular distortions, and show eye movement records obtained during the correction of these distortions.
Resistance measurements as a simple diagnostic tool for ion‐selective electrode performance (1990)

Abstract Recently, potentiometric sensors have found numerous applications involving on‐line monitoring in flow systems [1–4]. With trends toward the use of multielectrode arrays and electrode miniaturization, simple diagnostic tests for the routine assessment of device performance will become increasingly important. In this work, we present the possibility of using dc resistance measurements for this purpose. Mini‐sodium‐selective electrodes with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membranes incorporating the ionophore methyl p ‐ t ‐butylcalixaryl acetate [4, 5] were constructed, and a gradual increase in resistance with lifetime was observed. A lifetime mimicking study was set up in which leaching of the active components from the membrane was simulated by a series of dilutions, and the effect on overall electrode performance was monitored at each stage. Complete electrode malfunction has been shown to occur abruptly when the active membrane component concentration falls below a critical level. Electrode failure is accompanied by a sharp increase in membrane resistance.
The effects of information scent on visual search in the hyperbolic tree browser (2003)

The Hyperbolic Tree is a focus + context information visualization that has been developed to amplify users' ability to navigate large tree-structured information systems. Information scent is a theoretical construct that captures one kind of interaction between task and display. Information scent is provided by task-relevant display cues, such as node labels on a tree that influence a user's visual search behavior and navigation decisions. An empirical Accuracy of Scent (AOS) score was developed to characterize a set of tasks that required users to find (Retrieval Tasks) or compare (Comparison Tasks) information in tree structures. Two experiments investigated the effect of information scent (tasks with different AOS scores) on performance with the Hyperbolic Tree Browser and the Microsoft Windows File Browser, which is a widely available conventional browser. Experiment 1 found no overall difference in performance time between the two browsers, but did reveal a marginal interaction of information scent with browser performance on Retrieval Tasks. On high AOS tasks the Hyperbolic showed faster performance, but on low AOS tasks the Windows File Browser showed faster performance. Experiment 2 focused only on the Retrieval tasks and revealed that Hyperbolic Tree users examined more tree nodes at a faster rate and visually searched through the tree hierarchy at a faster rate than users of a Windows File Browser lookalike, however, visual search paths were shortened in dense areas of the Hyperbolic Tree display when information scent was low. Two processes appear to affect visual search in the Hyperbolic display: strong information scent improves visual search, and the crowding of targets in a compressed region degrades visual search especially when there is weak information scent.