gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the network behavior of P2P traffic (2008)

Nowadays the majority of Internet traffic is generated by peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications. As the popularity of these applications has been increasing dramatically over the past few years, it becomes increasingly important to analyze their behavior and to understand their effects on the network. The ability to quantify their impact on the network is fundamental to a number of network operations, including traffic engineering, capacity planning, quality of service, forecasting for long-term provisioning, etc. We present here a measurement study on the characteristics of the traffic associated with two different P2P applications. Our aim is to provide useful insight into the nature of P2P traffic from the point of view of the network. To achieve this, we introduce a novel meauserement, Content Transfer Index (CTI), to distinguish two classes of behavior associated with P2P traffic: the download and the signaling traffic profile. Next we apply the CTI to our data sets and show that it effectively offers a general characterization of P2P traffic. Finally, we present a number of statistical measurements that are significantly unbiased due to having considered the distinction between the two classes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to follow this approach. We believe such a study will help researchers better understand the impact of P2P applications on the network and how to improve their performance.
Use of acoustooptic tunable filters as equalizers in WDM lightwave systems (1992)

The Er+3-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is widely recognized as an ideal optical repeater for long-distance lightwave transmission systems. However, the gain spectrum of an EDFA is not uniform; it exhibits a sharp peak ~1.53 μm and a broadband with smaller gains for longer wavelengths. For undersea WDM systems containing several hundred cascaded amplifiers, even a fraction of a dB in the gain spectrum of each individual amplifier would lead to differences of several tens of dB among the WDM signal levels after propagation through long amplifier chains. Gain equalizers are required in these systems to compensate for the wavelength variation of the amplifier gain spectrum. This is particularly important for soliton systems where the optical power levels must be carefully controlled to effectively maintain soliton propagation. Recently, Inoue et al.1 have reported gain equalization using a Mach-Zehnder optical fiber. Here we propose to use the acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF)2 as a gain equalizer in WDM lightwave systems because it is capable of controlling the signal levels of the multiple wavelengths simultaneously and independently.
MeasuRouting: A Framework for Routing Assisted Traffic Monitoring (2010)

Monitoring transit traffic at one or more points in a network is of interest to network operators for reasons of traffic accounting, debugging or troubleshooting, forensics, and traffic engineering. Previous research in the area has focused on deriving a placement of monitors across the network towards the end of maximizing the monitoring utility of the network operator for a given traffic routing. However, both traffic characteristics and measurement objectives can dynamically change over time, rendering a previously optimal placement of monitors suboptimal. It is not feasible to dynamically redeploy/reconfigure measurement infrastructure to cater to such evolving measurement requirements. We address this problem by strategically routing traffic sub-populations over fixed monitors. We refer to this approach as MeasuRouting. The main challenge for MeasuRouting is to work within the constraints of existing intra-domain traffic engineering operations that are geared for efficiently utilizing bandwidth resources, or meeting Quality of Service (QoS) constraints, or both. A fundamental feature of intra-domain routing, that makes MeasuRouting feasible, is that intra-domain routing is often specified for aggregate flows. MeasuRouting, can therefore, differentially route components of an aggregate flow while ensuring that the aggregate placement is compliant to original traffic engineering objectives. In this paper we present a theoretical framework for MeasuRouting. Furthermore, as proofs-of-concept, we present synthetic and practical monitoring applications to showcase the utility enhancement achieved with MeasuRouting.
<title>Texture information processing system with binary optical wavelet element</title> (1996)

The implementation strategy of optical wavelet transform for texture information processing is discussed in this paper. An opto-electronic hybrid system is constructed for texture segmentation, which is based on the multi-channel filtering framework in the early stages of human visual theory. First, a traditional optical system with a Damman grating as the beam splitter and a bank of Gabor wavelets as the channel filters is set up for feature extraction, and several clustering algorithms are then used for feature integration. Furthermore, a novel binary optical element with the functions of splitting, filtering and imaging is designed and fabricated to simplify the traditional system. The experimental results and the primary applications are also provided.
Motion Scale: A Body Motion Monitoring System Using Bed-Mounted Wireless Load Cells (2016)

In-bed motion detection is an important technique that can enable an array of applications, among which are sleep monitoring and abnormal movement detection. In this paper, we present a low-cost, low-overhead, and highly robust system for in-bed movement detection and classification that uses low-end load cells. By observing the forces sensed by the load cells, placed under each bed leg, we can detect many different types of movements, and further classify them as big or small depending on magnitude of the force changes on the load cells. We have designed three different features, which we refer to as Log-Peak, Energy-Peak, ZeroX-Valley, that can effectively extract body movement signals from load cell data that are collected through wireless links in an energy-efficient manner. After establishing the feature values, we employ a simple threshold-based algorithm to detect and classify movements. We have conducted thorough evaluation, that involves collecting data from 30 subjects who perform 27 pre-defined movements in an experiment. By comparing our detection and classification results against the ground truth captured by a video camera, we show the Log-Peak strategy can detect these 27 types of movements at an error rate of 6.3% while classifying them to big or small movements at an error rate of 4.2%.
Accessible Play in Everyday Spaces (2016)

The advent of affordable and powerful mobile technology has allowed for explorations in mixed reality that merges virtual and physical space. However, the social and entertainment value and efficacy of mixed reality platforms for adult powered chair users has not been widely explored. In this article, we introduce the Mobility Games project, which aims to produce a series of inclusive entertainment technologies and services for people who use powered chairs. We describe our first offering: an accessible, social mixed reality game for co-located mobile play in everyday spaces. Findings from two exploratory field studies and a post hoc observer survey show that adult powered chair users found the game to be entertaining and used a variety of path strategies as they learned to play the game. An initial set of theoretically and empirically informed guidelines for making mobile mixed reality games accessible to adult powered chair users with diverse abilities is proposed.
An Antiviral Response Directed by PKR Phosphorylation of the RNA Helicase A (2009)

The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is a key regulator of the innate immune response. Activation of PKR during viral infection culminates in phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha) to inhibit protein translation. A broad range of regulatory functions has also been attributed to PKR. However, as few additional PKR substrates have been identified, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, PKR is shown to interact with an essential RNA helicase, RHA. Moreover, RHA is identified as a substrate for PKR, with phosphorylation perturbing the association of the helicase with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Through this mechanism, PKR can modulate transcription, as revealed by its ability to prevent the capacity of RHA to catalyze transactivating response (TAR)-mediated type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gene regulation. Consequently, HIV-1 virions packaged in cells also expressing the decoy RHA peptides subsequently had enhanced infectivity. The data demonstrate interplay between key components of dsRNA metabolism, both connecting RHA to an important component of innate immunity and delineating an unanticipated role for PKR in RNA metabolism.
Ethanolic Extract of Algerian Propolis and Galangin Decreased Murine Melanoma Tumor Progression in Mice (2016)

Melanoma is the more dangerous skin cancer, and metastatic melanoma still carries poor prognosis. Despite recent therapeutic advances, prolonged survival remains rare and research is still required. Propolis extracts from many countries have attracted a great deal of attention for their biological properties. We here investigated the ability of an ethanolic extract of Algerian propolis (EEP) to control melanoma tumour growth when given to mice bearing B16F1melanoma tumour either as preventive or as therapeutic treatment. EEP given after tumour occurrence increased mice survival (+30%) and reduced tumour growth (-75%). This was associated with a decrease of the Mitotic Index (-75%) and of Ki-67 (-50%) expression. When given either before or both before and after tumour occurrence, EEP reduced tumour growth but without prolonging mice life. Isolation of B16F1 melanoma cells from resected tumour showed that preventive and curative EEP treatments reduced invasiveness by 55% and 40% respectively compared to control. Galangin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in propolis, significantly reduced the number of melanoma cells in vitro and induced autophagy/apoptosis dose dependently. In conclusion, we showed that EEP reduced melanoma tumour progression/dissemination and could extend mice lifespan when used as therapeutic treatment. Then, EEP may help patients with melanoma when used as a complementary therapy to classical treatment for which autophagy is not contraindicated.
<title>Adhesion force modeling and measurement for micromanipulation</title> (1998)

It is well known that surface effect forces such as van der Waals, electrostatic, and surface tension forces dominate part interactions as part dimensions fall below approximately 100 microns. Many researchers have suggested manipulation strategies that either diminish the effect of these forces or use these forces to advantage. There is little work, however, that comprehensively analyzes, both theoretically and experimentally, the exact contributions of such phenomena as surface roughness, material properties, environmental conditions, etc. to part interactions at microscales. This paper describes our work in developing a high resolution force sensor using optical beam deflection techniques for characterizing object interactions at the microscale. The interactions among a variety of micropart shapes and materials of varying surface roughness and conductivity were analyzed under various environmental conditions. Experimental results of this analysis are presented.
An In Situ Procedure for the Preparation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Adsorption of Aqueous Pollutants (2019)

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of their high surface area and tunable porosities, which allow them to serve as excellent and versatile adsorbents for pollutants in water/wastewater. One of the demanding challenges of using MOFs is that they need to be supported on a substrate or in a matrix to be easier to operate and more efficiently used. This work presents a simple in situ method of synthesizing one of the most popular MOF particles, zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8), in a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel using a zinc hydroxide PAM composite as a precursor gel. Characterization of the prepared ZIF‐8 PAM composite hydrogel by scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the successful synthesis of ZIF‐8 particles on the surface of and inside the PAM hydrogel. To test the potential of this novel material as an adsorbent, its ability to remove humic acid (HA), a model organic pollutant, from water is evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacity for HA is found to be 111.5 ± 3.0 mg g −1 ZIF‐8, comparable to the performance of other adsorbents for the removal of HA.
Integration of Regulatory Networks by NKX3-1 Promotes Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Survival (2011)

The NKX3-1 gene is a homeobox gene required for prostate tumor progression, but how it functions is unclear. Here, using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) we showed that NKX3-1 colocalizes with the androgen receptor (AR) across the prostate cancer genome. We uncovered two distinct mechanisms by which NKX3-1 controls the AR transcriptional network in prostate cancer. First, NKX3-1 and AR directly regulate each other in a feed-forward regulatory loop. Second, NKX3-1 collaborates with AR and FoxA1 to mediate genes in advanced and recurrent prostate carcinoma. NKX3-1- and AR-coregulated genes include those found in the "protein trafficking" process, which integrates oncogenic signaling pathways. Moreover, we demonstrate that NKX3-1, AR, and FoxA1 promote prostate cancer cell survival by directly upregulating RAB3B, a member of the RAB GTPase family. Finally, we show that RAB3B is overexpressed in prostate cancer patients, suggesting that RAB3B together with AR, FoxA1, and NKX3-1 are important regulators of prostate cancer progression. Collectively, our work highlights a novel hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network between NKX3-1, AR, and the RAB GTPase signaling pathway that is critical for the genetic-molecular-phenotypic paradigm in androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
A low-cost fuel-cell (FC) power electronic system (PES) for residential loads (2005)

We describe a low-cost power-electronics system (PES) for a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power system. The PES consists of a (DC/DC) zero-ripple boost converter (ZRBC) followed by a soft-switched multilevel high-frequency (HF) inverter and a single-phase cycloconverter. The zero input ripple-current feature of the boost converter improves the durability of the SOFC, while reducing the size and cost of the inductor. The multilevel arrangement of inverter switches reduces the voltage stress on the switches is sine-wave pulse-width modulated SPWM and has phase-shifted ZVS turn-on. The cycloconverter, switches at line frequency when the power transfer is active; otherwise, it switches at the switching frequency (20 kHz). A 1 kW prototype of the proposed PES achieved an overall efficiency of 91%. We present a detailed description of the operation of the PES and its key features and advantages. Finally, experimental results showing the performance and operation of the PES are demonstrated.
Novel antagonists for proteinase‐activated receptor 2: inhibition of cellular and vascular responses<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2009)

K-12940 and K-14585 antagonized PAR(2) competitively, resulting in inhibition of PAR(2)-mediated signalling and physiological responses both in vitro and in vivo. These peptide-mimetic PAR(2) antagonists could be useful in evaluating PAR(2)-mediated biological events and might lead to a new generation of therapeutically useful antagonists.
MicroRNA 21 Blocks Apoptosis in Mouse Periovulatory Granulosa Cells1 (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in many developmental processes, including cell differentiation and apoptosis. Transition of proliferative ovarian granulosa cells to terminally differentiated luteal cells in response to the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) involves rapid and pronounced changes in cellular morphology and function. MicroRNA 21 (miR-21, official symbol Mir21) is one of three highly LH-induced miRNAs in murine granulosa cells, and here we examine the function and temporal expression of Mir21 within granulosa cells as they transition to luteal cells. Granulosa cells were transfected with blocking (2'-O-methyl) and locked nucleic acid (LNA-21) oligonucleotides, and mature Mir21 expression decreased to one ninth and one twenty-seventh of its basal expression, respectively. LNA-21 depletion of Mir21 activity in cultured granulosa cells induced apoptosis. In vivo, follicular granulosa cells exhibit a decrease in cleaved caspase 3, a hallmark of apoptosis, 6 h after the LH/human chorionic gonadotropin surge, coincident with the highest expression of mature Mir21. To examine whether Mir21 is involved in regulation of apoptosis in vivo, mice were treated with a phospho thioate-modified LNA-21 oligonucleotide, and granulosa cell apoptosis was examined. Apoptosis increased in LNA-21-treated ovaries, and ovulation rate decreased in LNA-21-treated ovaries, compared with their contralateral controls. We have examined a number of Mir21 apoptotic target transcripts identified in other systems; currently, none of these appear to play a role in the induction of ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. This study is the first to implicate the antiapoptotic Mir21 (an oncogenic miRNA) as playing a clear physiologic role in normal tissue function.
Prediction of sweet spots in shale reservoir based on geophysical well logging and 3D seismic data: A case study of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in W4 block, Sichuan Basin, China (2016)

W4 block of Sichuan Basin is a pioneer in shale gas exploration and development in China. But geophysical prospecting is just at its beginning and thus has not provided enough information about how sweet spots distribute for the deployment of horizontal well. This paper predicted sweet spots based on logging and 3D seismic data. Well logging interpretation method was used to get the key evaluation parameters of shale reservoir and determine the distribution of sweet spots in vertical direction. Rock physics analysis technology was used to define the elastic parameters that were sensitive to the key evaluation parameters, such as TOC and gas content of shale gas reservoir. At the same time the quantitative relationships between them were established. Based on the result of seismic rock physics analysis, prestack inversion was carried out to predict the transverse plane distribution of the key evaluation parameters of shale reservoir. These research results are integrated to determine the distribution of sweet spots. The results show that sweet spots in this area were characterized by high TOC content, high gas content, high GR, high Young’s modulus, low Poisson’s ratio, low density, and low P-wave velocity. Density was the most sensitive elastic parameters to TOC of the reservoir. The optimal combination for predicting the gas content is composed of six parameters include density, Poisson’s ratio, and so on. Sweet spots in this block vertically concentrate within 30 m above the bottom of Longmaxi Formation. Two classes of sweet spots have been predicted in this area, class I sweet spots are recommended to be prioritized for development. This study effectively predicted the spatial distribution of sweet spots, which provide important guidance for the development of the area.
Infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy of water clusters: O–D stretching bands (1998)

The infrared O–D stretching spectrum of fully deuterated jet-cooled water clusters is reported. Sequential red-shifts in the single donor O–D stretches, which characterize the cooperative effects in the hydrogen bond network, were accurately measured for clusters up to (D2O)8. Detailed comparisons with corresponding data obtained for (H2O)n clusters are presented. Additionally, rotational analyses of two D2O dimer bands are presented. These measurements were made possible by the advent of infrared cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-CRLAS) using Raman-shifted pulsed dye lasers, which creates many new opportunities for gas phase IR spectroscopy.
Evaluating symbolic traversal algorithms applied to asynchronous concurrent systems (2004)

Symbolic reachability analysis based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs) is a technique that allows the implementation of efficient invariant checking algorithms, and improves the performance of CTL/LTL verification. However, in practice it is well known that the BDD blowup problem limits the size of the systems that can be successfully verified. Along the years multiple variants of the basic reachability scheme have been introduced. However, most of them perform nicely only on synchronous systems or under the assumption that the transition relation (TR) can be effectively decomposed as a conjunction. This paper intends to demonstrate that the reachability algorithms based on these premises do not fit properly on asynchronous concurrent systems. Therefore it justifies developing alternative reachability algorithms for concurrent systems, or even for mixed synchronous/asynchronous schemes.
Operator interface testing of a space telerobotic system (2002)

The major goals for this hand controller study were to compare the performance and operator preferences for three hand controllers, evaluate the learning curves associated with each hand controller and to determine what, if any, effects of hand controller test order were present. The hand controllers tested included a joint position controller, a cartesian position controller and a resolved rate controller. Repeated structural connector assembly trials were conducted with three different controllers. Enough runs were performed with each hand controller to determine learning curves for each task and hand controller. Controllers were also grouped by ordered pairs to evaluate transference of learning from one to another. Two post-test questionnaires were completed by every test subject to evaluate operator preferences.
Evaluation of skin irritation in a reconstituted human dermal model(3-D model) using water insoluble fatty acids, fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons (1998)

With the aim of improved prediction of human skin irritation, cytotoxicity tests were conducted using a reconstituted human dermal model (Skin 2TM cultured 3-Dimensional Skin Model, ZK1300 : 3-D model). A range of water- insoluble substances, namely fatty acids, fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons, were tested with MTT(3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) reduction, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) release using as cytotoxicity markers. Results for these parameters were compared with those obtained from a cytotoxicity test (MTT reduction assay) using cultured monolayers of human dermal fibroblasts (NB1RGB), from a rabbit primary skin irritation test and from human patch testing. The MTT reduction assay with the 3-D model proved able to predict human primary and cumulative skin irritation of the test substances, though the match to fibroblasts results and rabbit primary skin irritation score was not perfect. Our finding also showed little variation with the different cytotoxicity markers applied in the 3-D model for the present insoluble test substances. We therefore consider that the MTT reduction assay in the 3-D model is a reliable method to evaluate the human skin irritation potential of new chemicals.