gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficent clustering algorithm for low power clock tree synthesis (2007)

Clocks are known to be major source of power consumption in digital circuits, especially in high performance microprocessors. With the technology scaling, the increasingly capacitive interconnects contribute to more than 40% of the local clock power. In this paper, we propose a clustering algorithm for them inimization of the power in local clock tree, which is shown to be equivalent to the minimization of interconnect capacitance in the tree. Given a set of sequentials and their locations, clustering is performed to determine the clockbuffers that are required to synchronize the sequentials, where a cluster implies that a clock buffer drives all the sequentials in the cluster. The clustering algorithm uses minimum spanning tree (MST) metric to estimate the interconnect capacitance and ensures the optimality of the solution, when no capacity constraints are applied. The buffers are then sized and clock nets arerouted to minimize the delay, slope, and skew constraints. We compare the clocktrees obtained by our clustering and the competitive approaches on several blocks from a microprocessor design in 65nm technology. The comparison shows that our algorithm improves the clock tree capacitance consistently by up to 21%.
Effects of Homologous and Heterologous Stroma-Free Hemoglobin and Polyhemoglobin on Complement Activation, Leucocytes and Platelets (1990)

This is a study of the effects of stroma-free hemoglobin(Hb) and polyhemoglobin on C3 and C3a levels and on blood cell counts. The effects of membrane stroma from red cells and endotoxins on complement activation were also investigated. Plasma samples from rats were incubated with hemoglobin solutions or control solutions. C3 was measured using anti-rat C3 by nephelometric method. C3a was measured using radioimmunoassay. C3 and C3a were also determined in rats receiving hemoglobin solutions, red cell stroma solutions, or a solution containing complement activators (membrane stroma and bacterial endotoxins). There were no significant differences in C3 or C3a levels between the plasma incubated with hemoglobin solutions and the control plasma incubated with saline (P greater than 0.05). Compared with the saline incubated plasma, C3 was significantly lower and C3a significantly higher in the zymosan treated plasma (P less than 0.01). In hemoglobin infused rats, there was no significant difference between pre-versus post-infusion values in C3 and C3a. There was a significant increase in C3a in the rats receiving stroma suspension (P less than 0.05) or stroma and endotoxins (P less than 0.02). Polyhemoglobin and stroma-free hemoglobin did not cause significant changes in total leucocyte, differential, or platelet counts. Our study suggests that purified stroma-free Hb and polyHb do not activate complement, and that C3a is a more sensitive parameter for monitoring complement activation than C3. On the other hand, contaminates in hemoglobin preparations, such as membrane stroma or endotoxins, activate the complement system.
Thrust and wake characterization in small, robust ultrasonic thrusters (2010)

Among the new technologies in marine robotics is the trend toward smaller, cheaper and highly maneuverable vehicles, which could operate in swarms and also in very narrow and cluttered environments. A key challenge for vehicles with characteristic length of tens of centimeters scale is propulsion, where the designer faces high complexity in small vehicular space, as well as fouling concerns. Toward this end, we review and characterize the ultrasonic thruster (UST), which may be an attractive alternative to rotary and biomimetic-type actuators. The UST is a piezoelectric transducer that generates high-power, high-frequency acoustic waves, to produce bulk fluid movement for propulsion. We have systematically measured thrust and flow characteristics for a 7mm-diameter transducer with a range of voltages and sinusoidal frequencies, and varying duty cycles for a rectangular source signal; further, we installed three transducers into a 21cm underwater vehicle prototype. The experimental results allow us to outline the major parameters and considerations in our small vehicle and infer the mission length and speed using the UST technology.
The Drupal Content Management System (2013)

It’s time to start talking about Drupal. Thus far, we’ve focused more on general software development, its history, and a (hopefully) convincing argument against building applications from scratch as a matter of practice. While the two of us certainly consider ourselves developers at heart, we have an interest in providing business solutions as quickly and efficiently as possible. And if it’s not clear already, it is our belief that Drupal offers one of the best development platforms for doing so.
Optimization of LED Lighting for Clinical Settings (2019)

The advent of the LED light source has promoted the concept of human-centric lighting (HCL). The LED has also been responsible for increases in the electrical efficiency of lighting systems, coupled with recent improvements in their colour properties. We have found that it is also possible to create a lit environment with enhanced clinical attributes by providing a source spectrum that meets the requirements of the Cyanosis Observation Index (COI). This paper describes the use of a differential evolution (DE) algorithm for the spectral design of a mixed LED light source capable of meeting COI recommendations as well as HCL performance criteria.
Nanoporous Polymer Microspheres with Nitrile and Amidoxime Functionalities for Gas Capture and Precious Metal Recovery from E-Waste (2018)

Nanoporous materials could offer sustainable solutions to gas capture and precious metal recovery from electronic waste. Despite this potential, few reports combine target functionalities with physical properties such as morphology control. Here, we report a nanoporous polymer with microspherical morphology that could selectively capture gold from a mixture of 15 common transition metals. When its nitriles are converted into amidoxime, the capacity increases more than 20-fold. Amidoximes are also very effective in CO2 binding and show a record high CO2/CH4 selectivity of 24 for potential use in natural gas sweetening. The polymer is successfully synthesized in 1 kg batches starting from sustainable inexpensive building blocks without the need for costly catalysts. Because the morphology is controlled from the beginning, the nanoporous materials studied in lab scale could easily be moved into respective industries.
Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 RNA Present in the Absence of De Novo Protein Synthesis (1980)

We used herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA and restriction fragments of HSV-1 DNA covalently coupled to cellulose as a reagent to isolate for further characterization the major and minor HSV-1 immediate-early mRNA species in HeLa cells infected and maintained in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. Five major and several minor immediate-early mRNA species were characterized. One major species was a 4.2-kilobase mRNA mapping in the TR(S)/IR(S) region with its 3' end distal to the U(S) region; this mRNA encoded a 170,000-dalton polypeptide in vitro. A 2.8-kilobase mRNA, encoding a 120,000-dalton polypeptide, was mapped in the TR(L)/IR(L) region with its 3' end directed toward the U(L) region. Three 1.8-kilobase mRNA species were mapped. One, mapping in the IR(S) region with its 3' end in the U(S), encoded a 68,000-dalton polypeptide. One mapped in the TR(S) region and had its 3' end in the U(S) region; the third one encoded a 64,000-dalton polypeptide and mapped in the U(L) region near the IR(L) region. One minor species 5.2 kilobases in size was clearly detectable mapping in the U(L) region. Furthermore, there were indications that one or more immediate-early mRNA species approximately 3 kilobases in size hybridized to regions near the TR(L) and in or near the TR(S)/IR(S) regions. Nuclear immediate-early RNA mapped only in those regions where polyribosomal immediate-early mRNA mapped, although minor differences were seen. Finally, we demonstrated that at least three major immediate-early mRNA's-4.2 kilobases, 2.8 kilobases, and the 1.8-kilobase one mapping in the IR(S)/U(S) region-continued to appear on polyribosomes as functional mRNA late after infection.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of Derivatives of 9-Methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo-(3,3,1)-nonane (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of Derivatives of 9-Methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo-(3,3,1)-nonaneM. V. Rubtsov, M. D. Mashkovskiy, E. C. Nikitskaya, B. A. Medvedev, and V. S. UsovskayaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1960, 3, 3, 441–459Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm50016a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm50016a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Monofunctional DNA-platinum(II) adducts block frequently DNA polymerases (1992)

The question of whether monofunctional DNA platinum(II) adducts block synthesis of DNA by purified DNA polymerases of different types and origin has been investigated by comparing the time dependence of synthesis arrest and of DNA adduct formation. Activated salmon testis DNA is used as a suitable substrate for DNA synthesis allowing to probe inhibition by platinum(II) monoadducts for the variety of inherent template-primers. Reaction amplitudes are related to defined mixtures of dichloro and chloroaqua platinum(II) complexes. It is found that (i) all investigated DNA polymerases seem arrested (100% efficiency) at bifunctional DNA adducts. (ii) human DNA polymerase beta bypasses most of the monofunctional lesions of the three platinum(II) complexes investigated. (iii) Klenow fragment is blocked by monoadducts with increasing efficiency in the order cis-diamminechloroaquaplatinum(II) (0%) less than meso-[1,2-bis(2,6- dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine] chloroaquaplatinum(II) (50%) less than trans-diamminechloro-aquaplatinum(II) (75%). (iv) Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase, Physarum polycephalum DNA polymerase alpha, and calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha appear to be arrested by monoadducts. According to these examples, blocking efficiencies depend on the cis/trans-stereogeometry of fixation of the carrier ligands at platinum(II) residues, on the size/chemical nature of the platin(II) carrier ligand and on the type/origin of DNA polymerase.
Structural and mechanical behavior of layered zirconium phosphonate as a distributed phase in polycaprolactone (2009)

Abstract Mixed‐surface octyl/methoxyundecyl α‐zirconium phosphonates (ZrPs) were investigated as distributed nanoscale fillers, in concentrations up to 50% w/w, for the purpose of increasing the elastic modulus and yield strength of polycaprolactone (PCL) without a meaningful reduction of its ductility. The volumetric nanoparticle loadings were estimated to be over 70% higher than those in nanocomposites with comparable weight fractions of nanoclay. The mechanical properties of the ZrP/PCL nanocomposite were evaluated with tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical testing methods. Nanocomposites containing 5% w/w ZrP showed significant increases in both the tensile yield stress and elastic modulus without any loss of ductility versus the unfilled polymer. Layer delamination from the ZrP tactoids was minimal. Kinetic barriers and the strong interlayer attraction between the ZrP surfaces limited intercalative penetration of the ZrP tactoids. ZrP loadings of 20% w/w or more resulted in the agglomeration of tactoids, leading to defect structures with a loss of strength and, at the highest loading, ductility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
p53 modulates the activity of the GLI1 oncogene through interactions with the shared coactivator TAF9 (2015)

The GLI1 oncogene and p53 tumor suppressor gene function in an inhibitory loop that controls stem cell and tumor cell numbers. Since GLI1 and p53 both interact with the coactivator TATA Binding Protein Associated Factor 9 (TAF9), we hypothesized that competition between these transcription factors for TAF9 in cancer cells may contribute to the inhibitory loop and directly affect GLI1 function and cellular phenotype. We showed that TAF9 interacts with the oncogenic GLI family members GLI1 and GLI2 but not GLI3 in cell-free pull-down assays and with GLI1 in rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma cell lines. Removal of the TAF9-binding acidic alpha helical transactivation domain of GLI1 produced a significant reduction in the ability of GLI1 to transform cells. We then introduced a point mutation into GLI1 (L1052I) that eliminates TAF9 binding and a point mutation into GLI3 (I1510L) that establishes binding. Wild-type and mutant GLI proteins that bind TAF9 showed enhanced transactivating and cell transforming activity compared with those that did not. Therefore, GLI-TAF9 binding appears important for oncogenic activity. We then determined whether wild-type p53 down-regulates GLI function by sequestering TAF9. We showed that p53 binds TAF9 with greater affinity than does GLI1 and that co-expression of p53 with GLI1 or GLI2 down-regulated GLI-induced transactivation, which could be abrogated using mutant forms of GLI1 or p53. This suggests that p53 sequesters TAF9 from GLI1, which may contribute to inhibition of GLI1 activity by p53 and potentially impact therapeutic success of agents targeting GLI-TAF9 interactions in cancer.
Differential phase-contrast BioCD biosensor (2007)

Common-path differential phase-contrast interferometry measures the spatial gradient of surface dipole density on a bio-optical compact disk (BioCD) and is sensitive to small changes in dipole density following molecular binding of target molecules out of solution. The recognition molecules are antibody IgG proteins that are deposited in periodic patterns on the BioCD using soft lithography or photolithography on the silanized silica surfaces of dielectric mirrors. Spatial carrier-wave sideband demodulation extracts the slowly varying protein envelope that modulates the protein carrier frequency. The experimental interferometric profilometry has surface height sensitivity down to 20 pm averaged over a lateral scale of 70 microm with a corresponding scaling mass sensitivity limit of 1.5 pg/mm. Under the conditions of an IgG immunoassay with background changes caused during incubation, the scaling mass sensitivity is approximately 7 pg/mm. A saturated reverse immunoassay performed with IgG at 100 ng/ml showed false positive and false negative rates of 0.2%.
Efficient rendering of optical effects within water using graphics hardware (2002)

The display of realistic natural scenes is one of the most important research areas in computer graphics. The rendering of water is one of the essential components. The paper proposes an efficient method for rendering images of scenes within water. For underwater scenery, the shafts of light and caustics are attractive and important elements. However, computing these effects is difficult and time-consuming, since light refracts when passing through waves. To address the problem, our method makes use of graphics hardware to accelerate the computation. Our method displays the shafts of light by accumulating the intensities of streaks of light by using hardware color blending functions. The rendering of caustics is accelerated by making use of a Z-buffer and a stencil buffer. Moreover, by using a shadow mapping technique, our method can display shafts of light and caustics, taking account of shadows due to objects.
Dityrosine is a prominent component of the yeast ascospore wall. A proof of its structure. (1986)

The yeast ascospore wall consists of four morphologically distinct layers. The hydrophobic surface layers are biogenically derived from the prospore wall and appear dark after OsO4 staining. They seem to be responsible for the stability of the spores against attack by lytic enzymes. By amino acid analysis of acid hydrolysates of ascospore walls, two new peaks were detected, which were shown to be the racemic and meso form, respectively, of dityrosine. The identity of this hitherto unknown component of the yeast ascospore wall with standard dityrosine was proven by 1H NMR and by mass spectrometry. A 13C NMR spectroscopic investigation of the structure of dityrosine confirmed that, in natural dityrosine, the biphenyl linkage is located ortho, ortho to the hydroxyl groups. Following digestion of the inner layers of isolated ascospore walls it was shown that dityrosine is very probably located only in the surface layers. The same conclusion was reached independently by an investigation of spores of a strain homozygous for the mutation gcn1, which lack the outermost layers of the spore wall and were practically devoid of dityrosine. In sporulating yeast, L-tyrosine was readily incorporated into the dityrosine of the ascospore wall. Control experiments involving vegetative a/alpha cells and nonsporulating alpha/alpha cells under sporulation conditions showed that dityrosine is indeed sporulation-specific.
Effect of Processing Additives on Carbon Black Dispersion and Grip Property of High-Performance Tire Tread Compound (1997)

Abstract Rubber and carbon black compounds show complex behaviors in their mixing process due to their complicated microcomposite structure. Therefore, establishing a clear relationship between the mixing state of the rubber compound and the physical properties of its cured rubber has still remained to be solved in spite of formidable efforts by many rubber technologists. This paper investigated the influence of a processing additive on the carbon black incorporation and its dispersion behavior by inspecting Banbury power curves. From this investigation, we considered that good wettability toward the carbon black surface was necessary for processing additives in order to improve carbon black dispersion. The function of the processing additive was thought to enhance the surface lubrication of carbon black for disagglomeration in the early steps of mixing. The dry grip properties of a tire was estimated from the temperature dependence of dynamic viscoelastic properties of rubber compounds, with improved carbon black dispersion due to the processing additive; and it was confirmed by an actual tire running evaluation. Consequently, we found that tread compounds with improved carbon black dispersion had a remarkable effect on tire dry-grip properties at high temperatures.
Preparative separation of α- and β-santalenes and (Z)-α- and (Z)-β-santalols using silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel medium pressure liquid chromatography and analysis of sandalwood oil (2012)

The major sesquiterpene constituents of East-Indian sandalwood oil (Z)-α- and (Z)-β-santalols have shown to be responsible for most of the biological activities and organoleptic properties of sandalwood oil. The work reported here describes the strategic use of medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) for the separation of both α- and β-santalenes and (Z)-α- and (Z)-β-santalols. Silver nitrate impregnated silica gel was used as the stationary phase in MPLC for quantitative separation of α- and β-santalenes and (Z)-α- and (Z)-β-santalols with mobile phases hexane and dichloromethane, respectively. The purities of α-santalene and (Z)-α-santalol obtained were >96%; however, β-santalene and (Z)-β-santalol were obtained with their respective inseparable epi-isomers. Limits of quantification (LoQ) relative to the FID detector were measured for important sesquiterpene alcohols of heartwood oil of S. album using serial dilutions of the standard stock solutions and demonstrated that the quality of the commercial sandalwood oil can be assessed for the content of individual sesquiterpene alcohols regulated by Australian Standard (AS2112-2003), International Organization for Standardization ISO 3518:2002 (E) and European Union (E. U.).
Synchronizing shared objects (1989)

Object oriented programming and parallel programming are two important and evolving areas in computer science. Much research has been carried out in each of the two programming disciplines, but little effort has been put on combining the two areas. The authors discuss a major problem of parallel programming: synchronization of concurrent processes using a shared object. Discussing the example of the bounded buffer, they demonstrate how to build a high structured shared object based on primitive constructs in an object oriented manner. They use the object oriented programming environment Smalltalk-80 which supports basic process management and synchronization tools (semaphores). The ideas presented were realized in a prototype of a distributed directory service according to the CCIT X.500 standard. >
A look at characterizing the design of information systems (1974)

Mr. C. T. Schlegel, Chairman of the ACM74 session for which this paper was prepared, described his session as one which will try to distinguish those intrinsic features of information systems which separate them from management systems. He further states that. there exist many programming packages which efficiently and rapidly handle large amounts of stored on computers. However, to call them information systems is a little too inaccurate for our tastes... Mr. Schlegel makes the further observation that. data becomes information only when interpreted in some context, and the context and the interpretation are usually provided by people who use the data, not the software.
ChemInform Abstract: (Benzotriazol‐1‐yl)methoxymethyl Anion: A Novel Methylal Anion Equivalent. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.