gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trianionic NCN<sup>3–</sup> Pincer Complexes of Chromium in Four Oxidation States (Cr<sup>II</sup>, Cr<sup>III</sup>, Cr<sup>IV</sup>, Cr<sup>V</sup>): Determination of the Active Catalyst in Selective 1-Alkene to 2-Alkene Isomerization (2011)

The synthesis and characterization of a series of four Cr complexes in the +2, +3, +4, and +5 oxidation states supported by an NCN trianionic pincer ligand are reported. Treating CrMeCl2(THF)3 with the dilithio salt pincer ligand precursor {[2,6-iPrNCHN]Li2}2 provides the CrIII complex [2,6-iPrNCN]CrIII(THF)3 (1), CrIV complex [2,6-iPrNCN]CrIVMe(THF) (2), and CrII complex [2,6-iPrNHCN]CrII(THF)2 (3). Complexes 2 and 3 are the result of disproportionation. Treating 1 with 1 equiv of styrene oxide in THF converts the CrIII complex to the CrV(O) species [2,6-iPrNCN]CrV(O)(THF) (4). Complex 2, characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, is a rare CrIV methyl complex that is kinetically stable at 25 °C; at 85 °C, Cr–Me bond homolysis occurs. The homolytic cleavage results in CH4 formation and biphenyl via a radical mechanism. The metal-containing product from thermolysis is the same CrII species formed during metalation, except one of the protons is substituted for a deuterium from C6D6 (3-d). Complex 2 is a precatalyst for the selective isomerization of 1-hexene and 1-octene to the corresponding 2-alkenes. An induction period occurs during the catalytic isomerization, and the active catalyst was determined to be the CrII complex 3, not 2.
Intelligent Energy Management of Electrical Power Systems (2020)

Smart grid implementation is facilitated by multi-source energy systems development, i.e., microgrids, which are considered the key smart grid building blocks. Whether they are alternative current (AC) or direct current (DC), high voltage or low voltage, high power or small power, integrated into the distribution system or the transmission network, multi-source systems always require an intelligent energy management that is integrated into the power system. A comprehensive intelligent energy system aims at providing overall energy efficiency with regard to the following: increased power generation flexibility, increased renewable generation systems, improved energy consumption, reduced CO2 emission, improved stability, and minimized energy cost. This Special Issue presents recent key theoretical and practical developments that concern the models, technologies, and flexible solutions to facilitate the following optimal energy and power flow strategies: the techno-economic model for optimal sources dispatching (mono and multi-objective energy optimization), real-time optimal scheduling, and real time optimization with model predictive control.
Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Cement Kiln Dust as a Soil Stabilizer (2000)

A field and laboratory study was conducted to evaluate cement kiln dust (CKD) as a soil stabilizer. The performance of CKD from three different cement manufacturers was compared with that of quicklime. Field-work involved construction of test sections along a rural highway in Oklahoma. Observations were made to compare construction requirements for CKD and lime. Treated soil samples were collected from the field to prepare specimens for unconfined compression testing in the laboratory. In situ testing included dynamic cone penetration testing in the stabilized subbase and falling weight deflectometer testing after completion of the pavement. Chemical testing was conducted to determine the chemical makeup of each dust, and soil-CKD mixtures were tested for pH response. Chemical tests on the CKD and CKD-soil mixtures revealed aspects of the CKD composition that can be correlated with the degree of stabilization. Regarding strength improvements, results showed that CKD from one cement plant performed significantly better than lime and CKD from other plants. The laboratory and field test data showed that, overall, CKD was more effective than quicklime for stabilizing soil. Additional laboratory tests showed that the influence of CKD and lime on the plasticity index of soils was similar and that both additives imparted some resistance to freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles. Observations indicate that treatment with CKD can be cost-effective and that it requires less construction time than treatment with quicklime.
Performance of T1 and T2 Mapping Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance to Detect Active Myocarditis in Patients With Recent-Onset Heart Failure (2015)

T2 mapping seems to be superior when compared with standard CMR parameters, global myocardial T1, and extracellular volume fraction values for assessing the activity of myocarditis in patients with recent-onset heart failure and reduced left ventricular function.
Requirements for Multicast in Layer 3 Provider-Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs) (2007)

This document presents a set of functional requirements for network
solutions that allow the deployment of IP multicast within L3 Provider
Provisioned virtual private networks (PPVPNs). It specifies
requirements both from the end user and service provider standpoints.
It is intended that potential solutions specifying the support of IP
multicast within such VPNs will use these requirements as guidelines.
Working group This document is a product of the IETF's Layer 3
Virtual Private Network (l3vpn) working group. Comments should be
addressed to WG's mailing list at . The
charter for l3vpn may be found at <http://www.ietf.org/html.charters
/l3vpn-charter.html> Contributors Main contributors to this document
are listed below, in alphabetical order: o Christian Jacquenet France
Telecom 3, avenue Francois Chateau CS 36901 35069 RENNES Cedex, France
Email: christian.jacquenet@francetelecom.com o Yuji Kamite NTT
Communications Corporation Tokyo Opera City Tower 3-20-2 Nishi
Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 163-1421, Japan Email: y.kamite@ntt.com o
Jean-Louis Le Roux France Telecom R & D 2, avenue Pierre-Marzin 22307
Lannion Cedex, France Email: jeanlouis.leroux@francetelecom.com o
Nicolai Leymann T-Systems International GmbH Engineering Networks,
Products & Services Goslarer Ufer 3510589 Berlin, Germany Email:
nicolai.leymann@t-systems.com o Renaud Moignard France Telecom R & D
2, avenue Pierre-Marzin 22307 Lannion Cedex, France Email:
renaud.moignard@francetelecom.com o Thomas Morin France Telecom R & D
2, avenue Pierre-Marzin 22307 Lannion Cedex, France Email:
thomas.morin@francetelecom.com
12.1 A 7nm 256Mb SRAM in high-k metal-gate FinFET technology with write-assist circuitry for low-V<inf>MIN</inf> applications (2017)

The growing demand for battery powered mobile devices is a major driver for reducing power and continued area scaling in SOC chips. Continued scaling of the transistor and metal interconnection geometry is accompanied by increasing random V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> variation and increased wire routing resistance and capacitance variation in advanced technologies. Such variation degrades SRAM performance and its minimum operating voltage, which then seriously impact the battery life of mobile devices. FinFET technology provides a superior short-channel effect and less random dopant fluctuation. However, the quantized channel width and length force constrains on transistor sizing of high density SRAM bitcells. Figure 12.1.1(a) shows the layout of a high density 6T SRAM bit cell with a 0.027μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area in a leading edge 7nm FinFET technology. In order to achieve minimum area, all transistors (PU, PG, PD) in this bitcell have to be sized as single fin. Figure 12.1.1(b) shows a contention between the pull-up (PU) and the pass-gate (PG) transistors during a write operation. A stronger PU transistor results in better read stability, but the write margin is significantly degraded and results in elevation of minimum operation voltage for write operation. The negative bit-line (NBL) technique was proposed to improve write V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> in previous work [1-6]. In addition to transistor scaling, the geometric scaling of metal and via routing increases the back-end wire RC load, which also significantly degrades SRAM operation speed. In this work, we use a flying BL (FBL) and double WL (DWL) design to mitigate the RC wire load impact in order to improve SRAM array access performance.
All optical reconfiguration of optomechanical filters (2012)

Reconfigurable optical filters are of great importance for applications in optical communication and information processing. Of particular interest are tuning techniques that take advantage of mechanical deformation of the devices, as they offer wider tuning range. Here we demonstrate reconfiguration of coupled photonic crystal nanobeam cavities by using optical gradient force induced mechanical actuation. Propagating waveguide modes that exist over a wide wavelength range are used to actuate the structures and control the resonance of localized cavity modes. Using this all-optical approach, more than 18 linewidths of tuning range is demonstrated. Using an on-chip temperature self-referencing method, we determine that 20% of the total tuning was due to optomechanical reconfiguration and the rest due to thermo-optic effects. By operating the device at frequencies higher than the thermal cutoff, we show high-speed operation dominated by just optomechanical effects. Independent control of mechanical and optical resonances of our structures is also demonstrated.
Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the <i>Fusanum monilzforine</i> metabolite, fumonisin B<sub>1</sub>, in rats (1991)

A semi-purified corn-based diet containing 50 mg/kg of pure (not less than 90%) fumonisin B1 (FB1), isolated from culture material of Fusarium moniliforme strain MRC 826, was fed to a group of 25 rats over a period of 26 months. A control group of 25 rats received the same diet without FB1. Five rats from each group were killed at 6, 12, 20 and 26 months. The liver was the main target organ in the FB1-treated rats and the hepatic pathological changes were identical to those previously reported in rats fed culture material of F.moniliforme MRC 826. All FB1-treated rats that died or were killed from 18 months onwards suffered from a micro- and macronodular cirrhosis and had large expansile nodules of cholangiofibrosis at the hilus of the liver. Ten out of 15 FB1-treated rats (66%) that were killed and/or died between 18 and 26 months developed primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Metastases to the heart, lungs or kidneys were present in four of the rats with hepatocellular carcinoma. No neoplastic changes were observed in any of the control rats. Chronic interstitial nephritis was present in the kidneys of FB1-treated rats killed after 26 months. No lesions were observed in the esophagus, heart or forestomach of FB1-treated rats and this is contrary to previous findings when culture material of the fungus was fed to rats. It is concluded that FB1 is responsible for the hepatocarcinogenic and the hepatotoxic but not all the other toxic effects of culture material of F.moniliforme MRC 826 in rats.
Nonlinear limits for high bit-rate O-OFDM systems (2009)

Optical OFDM's high PAPR values limit the systems nonlinear tolerance (NLT). A 2.6-dB improvement in NLT has been found by peak clipping. Towards higher bit rates above 50 Gb/s, we observe an additional NLT increase of 8 dB per 10x increase in signal bit rate.
Preconceptional Selection of Fetal Sex (1980)

Background information is given on postconceptional and preconceptional methods of selecting fetal sex. Among the preconceptional methods presented are treatment of the sperm to isolate either the X or the Y chromosome, timing of insemination and the effect of ionic concentrations in the woman's body as controlled by the dietary intake of minerals. The authors studied 281 couples, 21 of whom were later excluded, who adhered to a diet specific in its amounts of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. This dietary method of preconceptional selection of fetal sex resulted in the anticipated outcome in about 80% of the cases.
Characterization of<i>Sleeping Beauty</i>Transposition and Its Application to Genetic Screening in Mice (2003)

The use of mutant mice plays a pivotal role in determining the function of genes, and the recently reported germ line transposition of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon would provide a novel system to facilitate this approach. In this study, we characterized SB transposition in the mouse germ line and assessed its potential for generating mutant mice. Transposition sites not only were clustered within 3 Mb near the donor site but also were widely distributed outside this cluster, indicating that the SB transposon can be utilized for both region-specific and genome-wide mutagenesis. The complexity of transposition sites in the germ line was high enough for large-scale generation of mutant mice. Based on these initial results, we conducted germ line mutagenesis by using a gene trap scheme, and the use of a green fluorescent protein reporter made it possible to select for mutant mice rapidly and noninvasively. Interestingly, mice with mutations in the same gene, each with a different insertion site, were obtained by local transposition events, demonstrating the feasibility of the SB transposon system for region-specific mutagenesis. Our results indicate that the SB transposon system has unique features that complement other mutagenesis approaches.
Isolation and characterization of desmosome-associated tonofilaments from rat intestinal brush border. (1981)

Epithelial cells of the small intestine, like those of other internal organs, contain intermediate-sized filaments immunologically related to epidermal prekeratin which are especially concentrated in the cell apex. Brush-order fractions were isolated from rat small intestine, and apical tonofilaments attached to desmosomal plaques and terminal web residues were prepared therefrom by extraction in high salt (1.5 M KCl) buffer and Triton X-100. The structure of these filaments was indistinguishable from that of epidermal tonofilaments and, as with epidermal prekeratin, filaments could be reconstituted from solubilized, denatured intestinal tonofilament protein. On SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins of the extracted desmosome-tonofilament fractions, a number of typical brush-border proteins were absent or reduced, and enrichment of three major polypeptides of Mr 55,000, 48,000, and 40,000 was noted. On two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the three enriched major polypeptides usually appeared as pairs of isoelectric variants, and the two smaller components (Mr 48,000, and 40,000) were relatively acidic (isoelectric pH values of 5.40 and below), compared to the Mr 55,000 protein which focused at pH values higher than 6.4. The tonofilament proteins were shown to be immunologically related to epidermal prekeratin by immunoreplica and blotting techniques using antibodies to bovine epidermal prekeratins. Similar major polypeptides were found in desmosome-attached tonofilaments from small intestine of mouse and cow. However, comparisons with epidermal tissues of cow and rat showed that all major polypeptides of intestinal tonofilaments were different from the major prekeratin polypeptides of epidermal tonofilaments. The results present the first analysis of a defined fraction of tonofilaments from a nonepidermal cell. The data indicate that structurally identical tonofilaments can be formed, in different types of cells, by different polypeptides of the cytokeratin family of proteins and that tonofilaments of various epithelia display tissue-specific patterns of their protein subunits.
A semantic concordance (1993)

A semantic concordance is a textual corpus and a lexicon so combined that every substantive word in the text is linked to its appropriate sense in the lexicon. Thus it can be viewed either as a corpus in which words have been tagged syntactically and semantically, or as a lexicon in which example sentences can be found for many definitions. A semantic concordance is being constructed to use in studies of sense resolution in context (semantic disambiguation). The Brown Corpus is the text and WordNet is the lexicon. Semantic tags (pointers to WordNet synsets) are inserted in the text manually using an interface, ConText, that was designed to facilitate the task. Another interface supports searches of the tagged text. Some practical uses for semantic concordances am proposed.
New Construction of Mutually Orthogonal Binary Sequence Sets with Zero Correlation Zone (2012)

Based on a pair of Hadamard matrices of the same size,a new construction of mutually orthogonal binary sequence sets with zero correlation zone(ZCZ) is presented by interleaving recursion.The sequence sets proposed can achieve theoretical bound of binary ZCZ sequence sets.By interleaving recursion,ZCZ sequence sets can be constructed from Hadamard sequences weighted by the coefficient matrices,satisfying mutually orthogonality,in which the number of sequences doubles the size of Hadamard matrix.The construction results illustrate that the proposed method improves the number of mutually orthogonal binary sequence sets with ZCZ and obtains more new sequence sets,which are used in quasi-synchronous code division multiple access system and implemented conveniently in hardware,by means of different choices of the coefficient matrices.
Effect of the GABA <sub>B</sub> agonist baclofen in patients with symptoms and duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux refractory to proton pump inhibitors (2003)

The GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen improves duodenal reflux and associated reflux symptoms that persist during PPI therapy.
Diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Comparison of conventional wet-mount examination with cytologic studies, cultures, and monoclonal antibody staining of direct specimens (1988)

The accuracy of (1) conventional wet-mount examination, (2) Papanicolaou-stained gynecologic smears, (3) a direct slide test using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis, and (4) two different culture media for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in a high-risk population of 600 women was compared. Use of Feinberg-Whittington or Diamond's culture medium resulted in a diagnosis of 82 and 78 cases, respectively, and the combination of two cultures identified 88 infected women. In comparison, wet-mount examination detected only 53 (60%) of the cases. Cytologic smears were interpreted as positive for T vaginalis in 49 (56%) of the 88 cases but also resulted in seven false-positive smears, and specimens from 18 women with negative cultures were interpreted as "suspicious" for trichomoniasis. Monoclonal antibody staining detected 76 (86%) of the 88 positive specimens, including 27 (77%) of the 35 cases missed by wet-mount examination. In summary, wet-mount and cytologic studies were insensitive, and cytology study was the least specific method for diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Direct immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies holds promise as a sensitive and specific alternative to cultures for rapid detection of T vaginalis in clinical specimens.
Unsaturated Soil Engineering Practice (1997)

This collection of papers presented at the sessions on Unsaturated Soil Engineering Practice held during the First National Conference of the ASCE Geo-Institute at the Utah State University in Logan, Utah from July 16-19, 1997. The significance of unsaturated soils in geotechnical engineering practice is great. The vast majority of the infrastructure is founded on and in unsaturated soil deposits. Unsaturated soil foundation problems are commonly associated with moisture-sensitive soils, wherein soils exhibit significant volume change and/or strength reduction upon wetting and represent a common geotechnical concern in both arid and humid climates. These papers address recent practice, experience, and advances in unsaturated soils engineering. The magnitude of unsaturated soil concerns is clearly identified through the diversity of topics presented. Rational, unified approaches for dealing with these unsaturated soil problems have recently emerged providing the geotechnical engineer with tools of analysis for these problems.
Formation and Crystallization of Yttrium Aluminosilicate Glasses Containing Calcium Oxide (1986)

Formation of yttrium aluminosilicate glasses containing calcium oxide from batches melted at 1550°C was investigated. Densities and thermal expansion coeflcients were measured for some glasses. In a specific compositional region, crystals with a needlelike habit were observed in the glass matrix. A crystal in the form of a tubular hexagonal prism was identified as Ca 4 Y 6 0(Si0 4 ) 6 .
Mechanical Computing in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) (2003)

Mechanical computing devices in polysilicon-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) were designed with the goal of developing computing devices for harsh environments, such as those with high dose radiation and high temperatures, as well as devices that may be able to interface with molecular or biological computer systems. The devices that were designed include both analog and digital computing devices. The analog devices include integrators, differentials (summers), multipliers, and those that perform trigonometric functions. The digital devices that were designed are inverters, NAND, NOR, and XOR logic gates. Analog-to-digital (A-to-D) and digital-to-analog (D-to-A) converters were also designed. The designs were submitted to a commercial surface micromachining foundry to be fabricated. The completed MEMS devices were then released and tested to determine proper operation. Of the mechanical devices that have been fabricated and tested, a functioning inverter, sine function device, cosine function device, and digital-to-analog converter have been demonstrated.
수리구조물 표준도 재구축(U-type Canal) (2018)

농업생산기반정비사업에 활용되는 농업용수의 급수, 과잉수분의 배제를 위한 배수시설로 활용되는 수리구조물중 개거(U-type)의 표준도면을 콘크리트구조기준(2012)에 따라 작성함으로서 신규 및 개보수사업 설계업무의 효율성 제고 및 설계업무 개방에 따른 대외서비스질을 향상하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다.
개거 표준도 제작을 위한 설계조건은 농업생산기반정비사업 조사·설계실무요령(2011), 농촌용수계획설계편람(1998) 등의 설계기준과 한국농어촌공사내 설계담당자들의 의견을 수렴하여 결정하였으며, 대내·외 설계자문위원들의 기술검토를 통해 확정하였다.
콘크리트 압축강도는 24MPa적용, 토압계수는 정지토압과 주동토압의 평균값적용, 지진하중은 토압에 Monobe-Okabe에 의한 유사정적 해석법 적용, 그리고, 도로에 인접한 개거의 경우를 고려한 활하중을 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 조립철근의 강성 등 시공성, 생산·시장유통여건을 고려한 최소철근은 D13㎜를 사용하였으며, 2×2m이상의 단면에서는 슬래브나 벽체단면의 압축측에 인장측 주철근의 1/2을 배치하는 것으로 결정함으로서 크리프의 영향에 의한 변형발생을 방지하는 설계기준을 적용하였다.
Efficient Resampling Implementations [DSP Tips & Tricks] (2008)

This article has presented methods for efficiently resampling a discrete time signal. We described techniques to compute the coefficients for both interpolation and decimation filters, and provided information with regard to minimizing the resamplers' timing jitter errors.
Ring-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer optimized for sensing (2009)

We demonstrate numerically that the theoretical maximum sensitivity of a ring-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optimized as a sensor is about 30% greater than the optimized sensitivity of a conventional single-bus ring sensor with an identical ring perimeter and loss. The ring-coupled MZI sensor also achieves its greater sensitivity with a 25% lower circulating power, which is useful for the suppression of undesirable nonlinear effects.