gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Adaptation of a Plant Receptor- Kinase Paved the Way for the Evolution of Intracellular Root Symbioses with Bacteria (2008)

Nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses (RNS) occur in two major forms-Actinorhiza and legume-rhizobium symbiosis-which differ in bacterial partner, intracellular infection pattern, and morphogenesis. The phylogenetic restriction of nodulation to eurosid angiosperms indicates a common and recent evolutionary invention, but the molecular steps involved are still obscure. In legumes, at least seven genes-including the symbiosis receptor-kinase gene SYMRK-are essential for the interaction with rhizobia bacteria and for the Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis with phosphate-acquiring fungi, which is widespread in occurrence and believed to date back to the earliest land plants. We show that SYMRK is also required for Actinorhiza symbiosis of the cucurbit Datisca glomerata with actinobacteria of the genus Frankia, revealing a common genetic basis for both forms of RNS. We found that SYMRK exists in at least three different structural versions, of which the shorter forms from rice and tomato are sufficient for AM, but not for functional endosymbiosis with bacteria in the legume Lotus japonicus. Our data support the idea that SYMRK sequence evolution was involved in the recruitment of a pre-existing signalling network from AM, paving the way for the evolution of intracellular root symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Surfactant protein A inhibits T cell proliferation via its collagen-like tail and a 210-kDa receptor (1998)

Investigation of possible mechanisms to describe the hyporesponsiveness of pulmonary leukocytes has led to the study of pulmonary surfactant and its constituents as immune suppressive agents. Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-protein mixture that reduces surface tension in the lung and prevents collapse of the alveoli. The most abundant protein in this mixture is a hydrophilic molecule termed surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A). Previously, we showed that bovine (b) SP-A can inhibit human T lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production in vitro. Results presented in this investigation showed that different sources of human SP-A and bSP-A as well as recombinant rat SP-A inhibited human T lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. A structurally similar collagenous protein, C1q, did not block the in vitro inhibitory action of SP-A. The addition of large concentrations of mannan to SP-A-treated cultures also did not disrupt inhibition, suggesting that the effect is not mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A. Use of recombinant mutant SP-As revealed that a 36-amino acid Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif-containing span of the collagen-like domain was responsible for the inhibition of T cell proliferation. A polyclonal antiserum directed against an SP-A receptor (SP-R210) completely blocked the inhibition of T cell proliferation by SP-A. These results emphasize a potential role for SP-A in dampening lymphocyte responses to exogenous stimuli. The data also provide further support for the concept that SP-A maintains a balance between the clearance of inhaled pathogens and protection against collateral immune-mediated damage.
CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION OF THE HUMAN OSTEOCALCIN GENE (1989)

The human osteocalcin gene was assigned to chromosome 1 by Southern blot analysis of DNAs from a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids with limited numbers of human chromosomes and the complete complement of murine chromosomes. By Southern blot analysis of DNAs from mouse-human hybrids that retain specific segments of human chromosome 1, we have determined that the locus of the human osteocalcin gene is on the long arm of chromosome 1, distal (telomeric) to the -spectrin gene. Osteocalcin is a bone specific protein and it is note worthy that another osteoblast product, the bone/liver/placental alkaline phosphatase gene has also been mapped to chromosome 1.
A portable medical system for the early diagnosis and treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury (2014)

Although Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is recognized as a major public health concern, there is currently no efficient method of fast and reliable detection of mild TBI at the point of need, where the injury has occurred. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a portable system for emergency TBI diagnosis and monitored personalized treatment based on quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and High Definition transcranial Electrical Stimulation (HD-tES). The paper highlights three innovative elements of the proposed system: its architecture, communication framework, and diagnostic process for detecting TBI in emergency situations.
The Cost of Trading Transparency: <i>What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and How We Will Know</i> (2008)

Results from several major studies of index composition changes indicate that trading transparency accounts for more than half the market impact cost of composition changes in the two most popular U.S. indices. The growth of transparent custom index exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and the introduction of actively managed ETFs with relatively transparent trading will increase investor exposure to trading transparency costs. Fortunately, researchers can quantify the performance penalty that trading transparency imposes on investors. <b>TOPICS:</b>Exchange-traded funds and applications, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, mutual fund performance
dispute resolution in Japan and the United States (2002)

There are large differences in legal systems and legal behaviour among nations in the world. One of the most striking differences observed is between the United States and Japan in legal attitudes and in the modes of conflict resolution. The United States relies heavily, to some observers excessively, on court actions to resolve civil conflicts. Japan is notable for the fact that the number of suits is very small.
Therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidines depends on the duration of thymidylate synthase inhibition in the murine colon 26-B carcinoma tumor model. (1996)

5-Fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) are common chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Two recognized mechanisms of action of these agents are inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of fluorinated UTP into cellular RNA. In previous studies on drug scheduling of both fluoropyrimidines, we observed the highest therapeutic efficacy by using a weekly i.v. push schedule. Furthermore, weekly 400-mg/kg FdUrd is superior to equitoxic weekly 80-mg/kg FUra in murine Colon 26-B carcinoma. We evaluated the most important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of both fluoropyrimidines to delineate the biochemical mechanisms underlying their differences in therapeutic activity in this tumor model. FUra concentrations and elimination in tumors after FdUrd or FUra administration were comparable, and the level of FUra incorporation into cellular RNA following treatment with FUra or FdUrd was similar. Free tumoral 5-fluoro-dUMP levels were initially 3-fold higher after FdUrd but diminished rapidly thereafter. The number of free [3H]5-fluoro-dUMP-binding sites decreased to about 25 and 15% of control values within 2 h after treatment with equitoxic doses of FUra and FdUrd and remained low for 72 h. The duration of TS inhibition was significantly longer following treatment with FdUrd compared with FUra, 168 and 72 h, respectively. The superiority of the antitumor activity of an i.v. push of FdUrd over FUra in the treatment of Colon 26-B tumors correlates with maintenance of TS inhibition and repeated drug administration when TS remains low, whereas FUra incorporation into RNA does not appear to distinguish the antitumor response of FdUrd from that of FUra in this tumor model.
Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Impact on survival (2005)

Depression in out-patients suffering from COPD appears to be an independent protector for mortality. Additional studies in larger samples are needed to replicate this finding and to determine possible underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.
Structure-based redesign of lysostaphin yields potent antistaphylococcal enzymes that evade immune cell surveillance (2015)

Staphylococcus aureus infections exert a tremendous burden on the health-care system, and the threat of drug-resistant strains continues to grow. The bacteriolytic enzyme lysostaphin is a potent antistaphylococcal agent with proven efficacy against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains; however, the enzyme's own bacterial origins cause undesirable immunogenicity and pose a barrier to clinical translation. Here, we deimmunized lysostaphin using a computationally guided process that optimizes sets of mutations to delete immunogenic T cell epitopes without disrupting protein function. In vitro analyses showed the methods to be both efficient and effective, producing seven different deimmunized designs exhibiting high function and reduced immunogenic potential. Two deimmunized candidates elicited greatly suppressed proliferative responses in splenocytes from humanized mice, while at the same time the variants maintained wild-type efficacy in a staphylococcal pneumonia model. Overall, the deimmunized enzymes represent promising leads in the battle against S. aureus.
Consensus Review of Optimal Perioperative Care in Breast Reconstruction: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations (2017)

Therapeutic, V.
An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Identify the Well Test Interpretation Model: Applications (1990)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present the application of a new approach to identify a preliminary well test interpretation model from derivative plot data. Our approach is based on artificial neural networks technology. In this approach, a neural nets simulator which employs backpropagation as the learning algorithm is trained on representative examples of derivative plots for a wide range of well test interpretation models. The trained nets are then used to identify the well test interpretation model from new well tests. In this paper we show that using artificial neural networks technology is a significant improvement over pattern recognition techniques currently used (e.g., syntactic pattern recognition) in well test interpretation. Artificial neural networks have the ability to generalize their understanding of the pattern recognition space they are taught to identify. This implies that they can identify patterns from incomplete and distorted data. This ability is very useful when dealing with well tests which often have incomplete and noisy data. Moreover, artificial neural networks eliminate the need for elaborate data preparation (e.g., smoothing, segmenting, and symbolic transformation) and they do not require writing complex rules to identify a pattern. Artificial neural networks eliminate the need for using rules by automatically building an internal understanding of the pattern recognition space in the form of weights that describe the strength of the connections between the net processing units. The paper illustrates the application of this new approach with a field example. The mathematical derivation and implementation of this approach can be found in Ref. 1.
Silicone Rubber Latex Sealants (1992)

Silicone rubber latex is an aqueous dispersion of silicone rubber particles that forms elastomers upon evaporation of water. Silicone rubber latex is formulated into sealants by incorporating fillers, pigmnets and other additives. Silicone rubber latex is prepared by crosslinking emulsions of poly(dimethylsiloxane) using a tin catalyst. Properties of silicone rubber latex sealants differ in some respects from those of traditional RTV silicone sealants. This paper describes preparation of silicone rubber latex and silicone rubber latex sealants. Properties of both uncured and cured silicone rubber latex sealant are also discussed.
Relationship between the Full-Range Leadership and Insurance Salesperson's Job Satisfaction (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to use the Full-Range Leadership Theory to study the insurance salespersons' job satisfaction level. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed and collected from 303 insurance salespersons from four major insurance organizations in Malaysia (response rate of 86.57 percent). The Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis was applied to test the theoretical model and the relationship between the Full-Range Leadership Theory and insurance salespersons' job satisfaction. The results revealed a significantly positive relationship between the job satisfaction with some of the perceived transformational leadership and transactional leadership factors.
Bandit Processes and Dynamic Allocation Indices (1979)

Summary The paper aims to give a unified account of the central concepts in recent work on bandit processes and dynamic allocation indices; to show how these reduce some previously intractable problems to the problem of calculating such indices; and to describe how these calculations may be carried out. Applications to stochastic scheduling, sequential clinical trials and a class of search problems are discussed.
Homodyne receiver for ASK signals at 10-μm wavelength (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Walter R. Leeb, Heinz K. Philipp, and Arpad L. Scholtz, "Homodyne receiver for ASK signals at 10-μm wavelength," Appl. Opt. 23, 523-524 (1984) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Enhancement of magneto-optical domain observation by digital image processing (1985)

An electronic system is described which allows to subtract contrast of non-magnetic origin from a magneto-optic image. At the same time image noise can be reduced to such a degree that the contrast visibility limit in domain observation is expanded by at least an order of magnitude. The system is demonstrated for a number of applications in which domain analysis was not possible before. These include magnetostriction-free metallic glasses, non-oriented silicon-iron steel and polycrystalline Ni-Fe samples. For the first time the internal wall structure could be made visible on metallic samples with magneto-optical means.
The coherence and polarization properties of electromagnetic rectangular Gaussian Schell-model sources scattered by a deterministic medium (2014)

A very recently introduced class of scalar rectangular Gaussian Schell-model (RGSM) sources is generalized to the electromagnetic domain. The scattering of such a new source upon a deterministic medium is investigated within the accuracy of the first-order Born approximation. The analytical expression for the cross-spectral density matrix of the far-zone scattered field is derived and some numerical results are given to show the influence of different source parameters and medium parameter on the coherence and polarization properties of the scattered field.
Dissolved gas analysis: It can save your transformer (1989)

The use of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to monitor the in-service behavior of transformers is discussed. Sampling techniques are briefly considered, and two commercial hydrogen-in-oil detectors are described. The first allows the hydrogen concentration to be measured at intervals of a few hours by a portable gas collector that can be connected to semipermeable tubes. Continuous remote monitoring from the substation is possible with the second model, which uses a fuel-cell-type detector. The use of DGA for fault diagnosis is examined, and acceptable gas levels are indicated. The use of expert systems to facilitate decision making on the basis of DGA results is discussed, as is international cooperation in sharing data and experience and reaching agreement on methods of analysis and interpretation. Further applications of DGA are indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of the Pixelated Photon Detector Using Silicon on Insulator Technology for TOF-PET (2015)

To measure light emission pattern in scintillator, higher sensitivity and faster response are required to photo detector. Such as single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), conventional pixelated photo detector is operated at Geiger avalanche multiplication. However higher gain of SPAD seems very attractive, photon detection efficiency per unit area is low. This weak point is mainly caused by Geiger avalanche mechanism. To overcome these difficulties, we designed Pixelated Linear Avalanche Integration Detector using Silicon on Insulator technology (SOI-Plaid). To avoid dark count noise and dead time comes from quench circuit, we are planning to use APD in linear multiplication mode. SOI technology enables laminating readout circuit and APD layer, and high-speed and low-noise signal reading regardless smaller gain of linear APD. This study shows design of linear APD by using SOI fabrication process. We designed test element group (TEG) of linear APD and inspected optimal structure of linear APD.
Novel PWM-VSI fed brushless three-phase synchronous motor (2003)

A description is given of a novel brushless stator DC-excited synchronous motor without a rotating AC exciter. The DC-exciting winding, having pole numbers different from that of the main three-phase winding, is incorporated in the stator. The rotor circuit consists of field coils short-circuited with diodes. The principle together with analytical and experimental studies of the PWM-inverter-fed brushless synchronous motor is explained. It is found that the power factor of the motor can be easily controlled by adjusting the stator DC current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A keyword spotter which incorporates neural networks for secondary processing (2002)

Experiments using restricted Coulomb energy (RCE) and backward error propagation trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) for secondary processing in a keyword spotting application are described. Several types and configurations of neural networks are explored, including single, multiple, and hybrid networks. Several feature space transformations are used to permit the ANNs to examine the potential word in several time-invariant formats. The best performance is obtained using a multiple RCE network structure, which improves performance an average of 5% over a range of false alarm rates. The effectiveness of several ANNs as feature extraction mechanisms and as pattern classifiers is discussed relative to the keyword spotting problem. Issues pertaining to the complexity and required training time of the ANN structures are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Is lymph node metastasis the only concern in high-risk submucosal colorectal cancer following endoscopic resection? (2013)

Endoscopic resection represents a curative therapy for Tis colorectal cancer (carcinoma in situ; intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria) as it has no risk of lymph node metastasis (1-3). However, lymph node metastasis occurs in 7-15% of T1 colorectal cancers (invasion of submucosa) (4-10). In order to achieve curative resection of submucosal colorectal cancer, predictors for lymph node metastasis have been evaluated in many studies (7,9-14) and found to be depth of submucosal invasion (1,000 and 3,000 μm for nonpedunculated and pedunculated submucosal colorectal cancers, respectively), lymphovascular invasion, and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (11,15,16). In cases of submucosal colorectal cancer with no risk factors for lymph node metastasis, no further treatments such as surgical resection appear to be necessary following complete endoscopic resection. Conversely, additional surgery has been recommended for high-risk submucosal colorectal cancer (11).
A Dual Band Back Coupled Meanderline Antenna For Wireless LAN Applications (2005)

We present a novel dual band printed meander line antenna with a shaped ground plane and a back coupled rectangular patch. The aim was to achieve 2 GHz and 5 GHz covering the two main frequency bands of commercially available WLANs. To obtain a dual band with wide bandwidth operation, a meander line microstrip printed antenna with a matched feed and a shaped ground plane was first designed at 2.45 GHz. Then, a rectangular patch was added at the back of the meandered antenna substrate, with a small gap between the rectangular patch and the shaped ground plane. Changing the length of the rectangular patch allows the resonance frequency to be tuned, for instance 5.25 GHz. In fact, the resonance frequency can be continuously adjusted between 5.2 GHz and 7 GHz by changing the rectangular patch length. Furthermore, the tuning of the second resonance frequency has very little effect on the first one. The obtained bandwidth is 11% at 2.45 GHz and 6% at the second frequency for a return loss less than -10 dB. Consequently, this antenna offers sufficient flexibility for all types of wireless local area networks in the available frequency bands. This small antenna structure (31/spl times/8/spl times/1.6 mm/sup 3/) and its achievable low price with an SMA type connector, make it appropriate for Notebook, PC, PDA and other commercial WLAN communications applications.
Selective depression of excitatory amino acid induced depolarizations by magnesium ions in isolated spinal cord preparations. (1980)

1. The depressant actions of Mg2+ and a range of other divalent ions on synaptic excitation and on responses produced by excitatory amino acids and other putative transmitters have been investigated in hemisected isolated spinal cords of frogs and neonatal rats. Some comparative studies were also made using the rat isolated superior cervical ganglion. 2. At concentrations above 10 microM, Mg2+ selectively antagonized N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced motoneurone depolarization as recorded from ventral roots of tetrodotoxin-blocked spinal cords. Depolarization evoked by quisqualate (unaffected by 20 mM-Mg2+) was resistant to the depressant action of these ions, while depolarizations evoked by other excitant amino acids were depressed to intermediate degrees. 3. Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ had qualitatively similar actions to Mg2+; Mn2+ was somewhat less potent and Co2+ and Ni2+ more potent than Mg2+. The alkaline earth metal ions, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+, had very weak Mg2+-like actions. Ca2+ and Mg2+ acted additively in depressing amino acid-induced responses. 4. Mg2+ also depressed motoneurone responses evoked by noradrenaline, substance P and carbachol in the neonatal rat isolated spinal cord. However, none of these effects were as marked as the depression of NMDA-induced responses by Mg2+ in this preparation. Mg2+ did not depress motoneurone depolarization produced by 5-HT in the rat spinal cord or the depolarizing action of GABA on primary afferent terminals of the isolated frog spinal cord. 5. At concentrations producing marked depression of NMDA-induced responses, Mg2+ also depressed synaptic transmission in spinal cords in the absence of an effect on ganglionic transmission. At the same concentrations, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ depressed synaptic transmission in both preparations. 6. From the similarity in action between Mg2+ and the D-alpha-aminoadipate group of NMDA antagonists, it is suggested that the central depressant action of low concentrations of Mg2+ involves predominantly a postsynaptically mediated interference with the action of an excitatory amino acid transmitter.