gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treating and Releasing Produced Water at the Ultra Deepwater Seabed (2012)

Abstract Tomorrow's energy needs are driving the Oil and Gas Industry to achieve ‘No oilleft behind’. This comes at a cost as the pressures in remote deepwaterreservoir pockets are depleted and the water cuts increases. Existingtechnology is evolving to meet the challenges to automate water separation andpurification in deepwater for environmentally safe discharge at theseabed. To solve the problems the objectives must be defined; the best availablesolutions must be selected and the technology gaps must be identified andclosed. Environmental protection is a priority and the translation of theexisting Statutory Regulations to include the requirements to be met bydischarged water quality is the starting point. Safety and Reliability willfollow along with the flexibility to tailor the system to match the reservoir'schanging needs and incorporate the best, new and fast developing technology. Equipment relocation may also prove commercially attractive. Major challenges will be remote process train control and monitoring and theability to perform routine maintenance while the wells still flow. Some of thistechnology could have immediate benefits to surface processes that would inturn provide ideal proving grounds before the technology ventures intodeepwater. Introduction This paper explains the challenges facing the subsea processing technologies tobe able to handle and treat produced water at the seabed between 5,000 and8,000 feet of water depth. It will discuss the regulatory standards usedthroughout the industry today to oversee produced water treatment. The paperwill look at the marine life in this ultra deepwater environment at the seabedconditions. It will review the latest produced water treatment technologiesused throughout the topside offshore production industry. The paper willillustrate various concepts to perform subsea produced water treatment and lookat the many challenges and gaps to be addressed, to make this technology viableand effective. The paper will identify the gaps and challenges to applying produced watertreatment and discharge at the seabed in ultra deepwater environments. Researchand compiled information will be presented to support the concepts proposed tomeet the challenges of produced water treatment and discharge at the seabed inan ultra deepwater production system. Technology Benefits Seabed discharge of produced water and/or solids can provide many benefits, but this paper has been created with the focus on the three mainbenefits:Eliminate the need to transport huge volumes of water from deep waterproduction sites to the tieback hosts which may be many miles away. Therefore, significantly reducing the production system costs.Decreasing the hydrostatic pressure on the subsea production flow lineswill help reduce the back pressure on the subsea wellhead and ultimately allowfor more subsea production from the reservoirs.Installations of Subsea Produced Water Handling systems will minimize thetopside equipment footprint and protect the equipment for being vulnerable todamaging tropical hurricanes and harsh weather systems.
RiskPatrol: A risk management system considering the integration risk management with business continuity processes (2008)

Both business continuity management (BCM) and risk management (RM) processes are very important to current organizations. The former ensures that the organizations have the ability to limit losses in the events of severe contingencies or disasters. The latter helps organizations identify potential security incidents and adopt cost-effective countermeasures to the incidents. However, current risk management approaches or methodologies usually ignore the different focuses about risks in RM processes and BCM processes. Therefore, even though an organization has established its RM processes, it may need to re-assess the risks for BCM processes. In light of this, we propose a risk management system, called RiskPatrol, to provide an integrative view about risks for RM and BCM processes. RiskPatrol provides an easy way for people to retain enough information for BCM while they do risk assessment in RM process, and vice versa. As the redundant risk assessment work in RM and BCM processes can be reduced, our system can hopefully contribute to overcome the deficiencies of current risk management approaches.
A low-cost single-stage PV inverter (2018)

This paper presents a low-cost single-stage PV inverter which integrates a front-end buck-boost converter and an output unfolding dc-ac inverter. It utilize only one main active switch (IGBT, MOSFET etc.) to regulate the output current and performs maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at the PV side. The buck-boost converter is operated in discontinuous current mode (DCM), which allows low cost, reliable, and efficient thyristor to be used in the inverter under natural commutation. An auxiliary circuit is also implemented to provide zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition for the main switch. As a result, the switching loss in the converter is minimized and high efficiency can be obtained. Moreover, the current source nature of the converter eliminates the intermediate dc bus capacitor and significantly reduces the need for output filtering inductors, leading to high power density. The concept is validated by test results, however false triggering was observed in experiment. The issue is described and analyzed in details, showing that the state-of-the-art thyristor technology has intrinsic limitation for reliable high frequency operation.
VOCs Fate and Partitioning in Vegetation:  Use of Tree Cores in Groundwater Analysis (2002)

Analysis of tree cores collected from contaminated sites has shown that concentrations of VOCs in cores are related to groundwater concentrations. However, initial research was highly qualitative. To better understand the relationship of groundwater VOC concentrations to measured VOCs in tree cores, detailed understanding of contaminant behavior in vegetation is required. Work presented here investigates the interaction, with focus on the chlorinated solvents trichloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride. The sorption and desorption partitioning of these compounds between air and woody biomass were investigated. Partitioning coefficients were determined for cores of trunks of large trees and smaller stem cuttings. The internal partitioning of these compounds between the transpiration stream and the woody biomass within the tree was also determined for cores. The partitioning coefficients of the compounds between air, water, and biomass of tree cores and trunks were related to the physicochemical characteristics of contaminants, mainly the Henry's law constant and vapor pressure. These partitioning coefficients relate the contaminants' concentration in the bulk solution and analyzed headspace of vials and therefore can be utilized to quantify the fate of contaminants in natural settings and in phytoremediation systems. Tissue analysis and determination of partitioning coefficients may provide an effective way to estimate the concentration of compounds in the transpiration stream and in the soil or groundwater in a noninvasive, extremely rapid, and cost-effective manner.
CarChain: A Novel Public Blockchain-based Used Motor Vehicle History Reporting System (2019)

Blockchain Technology has been proposed to tackle author, centrality and storage issues. It converts centralized applications into dynamic distributed ones. Many researchers have proposed protocols and applications for mapping the old central applications into blockchain based distributed application. In this work, new system framework for Public World Wide Used Motor Vehicle History Reporting System, named CarChain, is proposed and designed. The new framework has not been constructed based on any of the popular well-known public blockchain networks. The framework constructs a peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay network that broadcasts transactions as any end system multicasting system in P2P live streaming applications. The framework allows car owners, repairing companies and insurance agencies to register and add new histories for cars in a simple method. Four different smart contracts control block updates in CarChain. In addition, database technology has been leveraged to cache intermediate data. We show in this paper the challenges and research opportunities that encounter blockchain based applications, such as CarChain.
Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats (2011)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The designer drug 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylaminopropan-1-one (4-methylmethcathinone, mephedrone) is reported to possess psychostimulant, entactogenic and hallucinogenic effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute administration of mephedrone on extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens of awake rats and compare these effects with those induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and amphetamine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Microdialysis sampling was performed while simultaneously recording locomotor activity in rats and the monoamines were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. KEY RESULTS Mephedrone (3 mg·kg−1 s.c.) and (+)-amphetamine (1 mg·kg−1 s.c.) caused rapid increases in extracellular DA levels of 496% and 412%, respectively, whereas MDMA (3 mg·kg−1 s.c.) showed only a moderate effect (235%). The corresponding 5-HT levels increased to 941% (mephedrone) and 911% (MDMA), but only to 165% following amphetamine. The calculated t1/2 values for elimination rate of mephedrone, MDMA and amphetamine-induced increases in extracellular DA levels were 25, 303 and 51 min, the corresponding t1/2 values for 5-HT were 26, 48 and 84 min, respectively. Locomotor activity was increased most by amphetamine, whereas both mephedrone and MDMA showed about three times lower and shorter-lasting effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The neurochemical and functional properties of mephedrone resemble those of MDMA, but it also shows an amphetamine-like effect in that it evokes a rapid release and elimination of DA in the brain reward system, a feature that may contribute to its potent re-inforcing properties.
Least-squares fitting of marine seismic refraction data (1985)

An iterative procedure is presented for fitting waveform data from a marine seismic refraction experiment. The wavefunction from the explosive source is known and the crustal structure is refined using the damped least squares procedure. The damping parameter serves the dual purpose of stabilizing an under-constrained inversion and improving the linearity by suppressing high frequencies. The synthetic seismograms and their model differentials are calculated using the WKBJ seismogram method. Both the synthetic seismograms and the linear algebra are sufficiently straightforward that the computations can be performed on an array processor. The inversion procedure is then sufficiently rapid that interactive computations are possible. The technique is illustrated using the FF2 refraction data from the Fanfare cruise of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. These data had been interpreted previously by trial-and-error using the reflectivity method. Starting from two different, simple models, the inversion procedure obtains essentially one unique model. Its features are very similar to the previous model.
Morphological segmentation of hyperspectral images - ICSXII (2007)

International audience
Synthesis in Azabenzoquinolizine Group. IV (1959)

N-(2-Cyanoethyl)-3, 4-dimethoxyphenethylamine, obtained by cyanoethylation of 3, 4-dimethoxyphenethylamine with acrylonitrile, was derived to a urethan by ethyl chlo-rocarbonate. The urethan was hydrogenated over Raney nickel catalyst under high pressure, followed by ring closure, to 1-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenethyl) hexahydropyrimid-2-one (IV), which was cyclized to 9, 10-dimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7-hexahydropyrimido [2, 1-a] isoquinolinium chloride (V) with phosphorous pentoxide and phosphoryl chloride and phosphoryl chloride. (V) was reduced to the corresponding pyrimido [2, 1-a] isoquinoline derivative (VI) with lithium aluminum hydride but was reduced to 10, 11-dimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-octahydro-2, 6-benzodiazocine (VI′) with sodium borohydride. Treatment of (VI) with hydrochloric acid gave 2-(3-aminopropyl)-6, 7-dimethoxy-3, 4-dihydroisoquinolinium chloride (VIII) which was hydrogenated to 2-(3-aminopropyl)-6, 7-dimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (IX). Physiological actions of (V), (VI), (VI′), (VIII), and (IX) are to be examined.
Hybrid corn: Resistant to ear rot and adapted to California conditions possible through science of genetics (1949)

This is the ninth article in a series of brief progress reports on the application of the science of genetics to commercial agriculture.
Chemical Structure of Glycolipid of Guinea Pig Red Blood Cell Membrane (1974)

A hexosamine-containing glycolipid, comprising about 6.8% of the total lipids, was extracted and purified from the guinea pig red cell membrane. The carbohydrate moiety consisted of glucose, galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine in equimolar proportions. Analysis of the sugar linkages by methylation of this glycolipid indicated that the C-4 positions of glucose and galactose were substituted by another sugar and N-acetylgalactosamine resided on the non-reducing terminal. The configuration of the glycosidic linkages was established by optical rotation measurements, PMR spectra and specific enzymatic hydrolysis. The structure of this glycolipid was shown to be N-acetylgalactosaminyl β(1→4)-galactosyl-β(1→4)-glucosyl-(1→1)-ceramide. The major fatty acid was C24:0, and the long chain base was mostly 4-sphingenine.
HLA-E: Presentation of a Broader Peptide Repertoire Impacts the Cellular Immune Response—Implications on HSCT Outcome (2015)

The HLA-E locus encodes a nonclassical class Ib molecule that serves many immune functions from inhibiting NK cells to activating CTLs. Structural analysis of HLA-E/NKG2A complexes visualized fine-tuning of protective immune responses through AA interactions between HLA-E, the bound peptide, and NKG2A/CD94. A loss of cellular protection through abrogation of the HLA-E/NKG2A engagement is dependent on the HLA-E bound peptide. The role of HLA-E in posttransplant outcomes is not well understood but might be attributed to its peptide repertoire. To investigate the self-peptide repertoire of HLA-E (∗) 01:01 in the absence of protective HLA class I signal peptides, we utilized soluble HLA technology in class I negative LCL cells in order to characterize HLA-E (∗) 01:01-bound ligands by mass-spectrometry. To understand the immunological impact of these analyzed ligands on NK cell reactivity, we performed cellular assays. Synthesized peptides were loaded onto recombinant T2 cells expressing HLA-E (∗) 01:01 molecules and applied in cytotoxicity assays using the leukemia derived NK cell line (NKL) as effector. HLA-E in complex with the self-peptides demonstrated a shift towards cytotoxicity and a loss of cell protection. Our data highlights the fact that the HLA-E-peptidome is not as restricted as previously thought and support the suggestion of a posttransplant role for HLA-E.
Colorimetric determination of resorcinol based on localized surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles (2012)

In this paper, we have developed a simple colorimetric method for detection of resorcinol (RE); the method is based on the reaction of RE with silver ions (oxidizing agent) in the presence of starch as a stabilizer and formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). At nanometer dimensions the electron cloud can oscillate on the particle surfaces when dispersed in liquid media so these nanoparticles exhibit a strong UV-Vis extinction band. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer is used to monitor the changes of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AgNPs at a wavelength of 430 nm. There is a linear relationship between absorbance intensity of AgNPs and the concentration of RE over the range of 4 × 10(-6) to 1.1 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) at 430 nm. The detection limit was 1.2 × 10(-6) mol L(-1). The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of RE in anti-acne solution and spiked shampoo samples.
Small-folded, printed quadrifilar helix antenna for GPS applications (2010)

A new approach to designing a small printed quadrifilar helical antenna (PQHA) is presented. The printed wire is spiral in shape. The entire system is designed using Ansoft HFSS. A size reduction of 43% is obtained compared to a conventional PQHA. A dual band antenna working in L1/L2 GPS application is realized with a good gain and a good circular polarisation. Good agreement with the experimental results is obtained.
Interpreting Language in Context in CommandTalk (1999)

This paper will focus on how two representations of context are used in CommandTalk to correctly interpret the user&apos;s spoken utterances: situational context represents the current state of the simulation, and linguistic context represents the history of the user&apos;s linguistic acts.
Object oriented data modeling for VLSI/CAD (2002)

A design data manager is emerging as an important component of an integrated CAD system. In this paper we present an object oriented data model for VLSI/CAD design data management. We identify and explain how an object oriented data model was used to capture the semantics of design entities and relationships among them. A data manager based on such a model has been implemented and used by a set of diverse CAD applications of our organization. In conjunction with the ease of data access, the data manager served to improve software productivity and a modular program architecture for our CAD system.
Atomic Layer Deposition as a Synthesis Method for Inorganic Membranes (2008)

Atomic layer deposition has been used as a tool to modify mesoporous silica membranes. SiO2 has been deposited within mesoporous silica membranes using SiCl4 and H2O catalyzed with pyridine. Pore size reduction was self-limited and selectively reduced defective pores. Covalent attachment of silanes was also demonstrated by ALD. Both amino and alkyl groups were attached to mesoporous silica membranes. ALD is very effective for both pore size reduction and surface modification, yet is limited by the quality of the support material. ALD is a promising technique for membrane synthesis.
Soybean Petiole Ureide Response to Water Deficits and Decreased Transpiration (1996)

The sensitivity of N 2 fixation to drought is greater than many other physiological processes in soybean [ Glycine max L. (Merr.)], and, therefore, maintaining N 2 fixation may he a key process for improving soybean drought tolerance. The ureides, allantoin and allantoate, are the final products of N 2 fixation in soybean, and ureide concentration in petioles has been correlated with nitrogen accumulation in well‐watered plants. Petiole ureide concentration may, therefore, be used as a screening tool provided that it is closely associated with N2 fixation during drought. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between petiole ureides and nodule activity during drought, and to determine the relationship between transpiration rate and petiole ureide concentration in well‐watered plants. Soybean was grown in the greenhouse until the V6 growth stage when water was withheld for either 0, 4, 5, or 7 d to create several stress levels on the day of harvest. Plants were harvested at 0700, 1400, and 1900 h. In general, petiole ureide concentration increased with stress severity, and was negatively associated with nitrogenase activity at 1400 h ( r = − 0.62**) and 1900 h ( r = −0.49**) but not at 0700 h ( r = −0.34). In well‐watered plants, treatments that decreased transpiration also resulted in increased petiole ureides. The increase in petiole ureide concentration during drought was concluded to be due partially to low transpiration. Petiole ureide concentration holds promise as an indicator of N 2 fixation during drought, but the consistency of the relationship between petiole ureide concentration and N 2 fixation across genotypes must be evaluated.
View-Invariant Human Action Recognition Based on a 3D Bio-Constrained Skeleton Model (2019)

Skeleton-based human action recognition has been a hot topic in recent years. Most existing studies are based on the skeleton data obtained from Kinect, which is noisy and unstable, in particular, in the case of occlusions. To cope with the noisy skeleton data and variation of viewpoints, this paper presents a view-invariant method for human action recognition by recovering the corrupted skeletons based on a 3D bio-constrained skeleton model and visualizing those body-level motion features obtained during the recovery process with images. The bio-constrained skeleton model is defined with two types of constraints: 1) constant bone lengths and 2) motion limits of joints. Based on the bio-constrained model, an effective method is proposed for skeleton recovery. Two types of new motion features, the Euclidean distance matrix between joints (JEDM), which contains the global structure information of the body, and the local dynamic variation of the joint Euler angles (JEAs) are used in describing human action. These two types of features are encoded into different motion images, which are fed into a two-stream convolutional neural network for learning different action patterns. The experiments on three benchmark datasets achieve better accuracy than the state-of-the-art approaches, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Neural network analysis of sleep stages enables efficient diagnosis of narcolepsy (2018)

Analysis of sleep for the diagnosis of sleep disorders such as Type-1 Narcolepsy (T1N) currently requires visual inspection of polysomnography records by trained scoring technicians. Here, we used neural networks in approximately 3,000 normal and abnormal sleep recordings to automate sleep stage scoring, producing a hypnodensity graph-a probability distribution conveying more information than classical hypnograms. Accuracy of sleep stage scoring was validated in 70 subjects assessed by six scorers. The best model performed better than any individual scorer (87% versus consensus). It also reliably scores sleep down to 5 s instead of 30 s scoring epochs. A T1N marker based on unusual sleep stage overlaps achieved a specificity of 96% and a sensitivity of 91%, validated in independent datasets. Addition of HLA-DQB1*06:02 typing increased specificity to 99%. Our method can reduce time spent in sleep clinics and automates T1N diagnosis. It also opens the possibility of diagnosing T1N using home sleep studies.