gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A public turbulence database cluster and applications to study Lagrangian evolution of velocity increments in turbulence (2008)

A public database system archiving a direct numerical simulation (DNS) data set of isotropic, forced turbulence is described in this paper. The data set consists of the DNS output on 10243 spatial points and 1024 time samples spanning about one large-scale turnover time. This complete 10244 spacetime history of turbulence is accessible to users remotely through an interface that is based on the Web-services model. Users may write and execute analysis programs on their host computers, while the programs make subroutine-like calls that request desired parts of the data over the network. The users are thus able to perform numerical experiments by accessing the 27 terabytes (TB) of DNS data using regular platforms such as laptops. The architecture of the database is explained, as are some of the locally defined functions, such as differentiation and interpolation. Test calculations are performed to illustrate the usage of the system and to verify the accuracy of the methods. The database is then used to analyze a dynamical model for small-scale intermittency in turbulence. Specifically, the dynamical effects of pressure and viscous terms on the Lagrangian evolution of velocity increments are evaluated using conditional averages calculated from the DNS data in the database. It is shown that these effects differ considerably among themselves and thus require different modeling strategies in Lagrangian models of velocity increments and intermittency.
The little Oxford dictionary (1998)

This revised edition of Oxford's compact dictionary is completely up-to-date in its coverage of English, with a new appendix which reviews new words in the language, including animatronics, chromosome map, pro-choice, tanga, telecottage, and zydeco. It is designed for checking spellings, meanings, and pronunciation at home, in the office or at school. Clear, easy-to-understand coverage of core English is provided, and there are guidelines on points of grammar, usage and pronunciation.
2-D and 3-D Image Registration: for Medical, Remote Sensing, and Industrial Applications (2005)

Preface. Acknowledgments. Acronyms. 1. Introduction. 2. Preprocessing. 3. Feature Selection. 4. Feature Correspondence. 5. Transformation Functions. 6. Resampling. 7. Performance Evaluation. 8. Image Fusion. 9. Image Mosaicking. 10. Stereo Depth Perception. Glossary. References. Index.
Fucoidan protects hepatocytes from apoptosis and inhibits invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by up-regulating p42/44 MAPK-dependent NDRG-1/CAP43 (2015)

Fucoidan is a traditional Chinese medicine suggested to possess anti-tumor effects. In this study the anti-metastatic effects of fucoidan were investigated in vitro in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Huh-7 and SNU-761) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in vivo using a distant liver metastasis model involving injection of MH134 cells into spleen via the portal vein. Its ability to protect hepatocytes against bile acid (BA)-induced apoptosis was investigated in primary hepatocytes. Fucoidan was found to suppress the invasion of HCC cells through up-regulation of p42/44 MAPK-dependent NDRG-1/CAP43 and partly, under normoxic conditions, through up-regulation of p42/44 MAPK-dependent VMP-1 expression. It also significantly decreased liver metastasis in vivo. As regards its hepatoprotective effect, fucoidan decreased BA-induced hepatocyte apoptosis as shown by the attenuation of caspase-8, and -7 cleavages and suppression of the mobilization of caspase-8 and Fas associated death domain (FADD) into the death-inducing signaling complex. In summary, fucoidan displays inhibitory effects on proliferation of HCC cells and protective effects on hepatocytes. The results suggest fucoidan is a potent suppressor of tumor invasion with hepatoprotective effects.
Study of Thermal Properties of Rice Husk Polypropylene (RHPP) Composites (2013)

Abundantly available rice husk was used to reinforce polypropylene for the development of rice husk polypropylene composites (RHPP) by extrusion and compression molding techniques. Maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) compatibilizer and titanate coupling agent were used to improve the adhesion between rice husk and polypropylene. Effect of fillers such as mica, talc, zirconium oxide, silica and calcium carbonate on thermal properties of RHPP composites was studied. Improvement in heat deflection temperature (HDT), degradation temperature of RHPP was observed but enthalpies of melting and degradation decreased by the addition of these fillers. No significant change in melting point of composites was noticed by the addition of these fillers. Composites thus prepared to have applications in building, automobile, and sport sectors.
A rapid appraisal methodology for environmental auditing. (1999)

A rapid appraisal methodology was developed to conduct an environmental audit of an ecotourism accommodation facility adjacent to Lamington National Park in Queensland. The methodology involved scoping, establishing evaluation criteria, the audit procedure, evaluation, risk assessment and reporting. Without quantitative standards and appropriate baseline data, the methodology used a rating scale based on best practice. Though subjective, the audit was timely, cost efficient and drew the attention of management to areas where environmental performance could be improved. The audit process also highlighted the importance of quantifying environmental performance both to improve the objectivity of the audit and to identify operational savings to be made through efficient resource use.; ;
Research and Development of Clarithromycin (1992)

A series of O-alkylated derivatives of erythromycin (EM) has been prepared and their biological properties were evaluated. Among them, clarithromycin (CAM, 6-O-methylerythromycin) exhibits most potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities, higher acid-stability than EM and favorable pharmacokinetic properties as an antibiotic. CAM was originally synthesized via methylation of 2'-O,3'-N-bis(benzyl-oxycarbonyl)-N-demethylerythromycin in low yield, because of the less selectivity of 6-O-methylation. The selective 6-O-methylation was achieved using the erythromycin 9-oxime derivative as a key intermediate. By the further investigation on the protective groups of 9-oxime and desosamine moiety, the production process of CAM on an industrial scale has been established via methylation of 2',4''-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin 9-[O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl)oxime] in more than 45% overall yield. CAM has the same antibacterial spectra as EM and is active against aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia. The activity of CAM against clinical isolates was 1 to 16 times higher than that of EM. The efficacies of CAM were 6 to 15 times superior to those of EM against systemic infections due to Gram-positive bacteria in mice. CAM also showed more potent therapeutic efficacies than EM against respiratory tract infections caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. CAM was well absorbed after oral administration, and its distribution to various tissues was significantly higher than that of EM in animals. The level of CAM in the lung was extremely high, which accounted 69 times that of EM. CAM was found to be distributed predominantly in the alveolar wall, especially in the alveolar epithelial cells, by microautoradiography. After oral administration in human, the serum level and urinary excretion of CAM were 5 and 20 times higher than those of EM, respectively. The major and active metabolite of CAM in human, (14R)-14-hydroxyclarithromycin, existed in significant quantity in the serum and urine, suggesting that the metabolite contributes to the excellent clinical efficacy of CAM. This paper describes the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, antibacterial activities, metabolism and clinical efficacies of CAM, a new macrolide antibiotic.
Critical Role of the Small GTPase RhoA in the Development of Pulmonary Edema Induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa  in Mice (2010)

The small GTPase RhoA plays a critical role in mediating lung injury associated with P. aeruginosa pneumonia in mice. Thus, transient blockade of RhoA could attenuate lung damage caused by P. aeruginosa in critically ill patients.
New glycosylated porphyrins for PDT applications. (2003)

A good sensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) should be a very selective reagent, which should fastly eliminate from healthy tissues. Furthermore it should have a strong absorption in the red light and good energy transfer properties to molecular oxygen to produce singlet oxygen. All these specifications imply that many second generation photosensitizers (porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins...) have been modified in order to improve their properties, but however, few have received the approval by regulatory authorities. One way to increase the selectivity of a photosensitizer is coupling it to a vector. Carbohydrate-bound porphyrins were found to be of great interest because of the specific affinity of particular carbohydrates for some tumour cells, the increasing of plasmatic life time and solubility. In this study, we report the synthesis and the photophysical properties (absorption, fluorescence, singlet oxygen formation) of new glycosylated porphyrins. Then, in vitro photocytotoxic properties were evaluated on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29.
Regions important for the adhesin activity of Moraxella catarrhalis Hag (2007)

Hag is a major adherence factor for human cells derived from various anatomical sites relevant to pathogenesis by M. catarrhalis and its structure-function relationships differ from those of other, closely-related autotransporter proteins.
Genetic suppression demonstrates interaction of TonB protein with outer membrane transport proteins in Escherichia coli (1990)

Energy-coupled reactions of the Escherichia coli outer membrane transport proteins BtuB and Cir require the tonB product. Some point mutations in a region of btuB and cir that is highly conserved in TonB-dependent transport proteins led to loss of TonB-coupled uptake of vitamin B12 and colicin Ia, whereas binding was unaffected. Most other point mutations in this region had no detectable effect on transport activity. Mutations in tonB that suppressed the transport defect phenotype of these btuB mutations were isolated. All carried changes of glutamine 165 to leucine, lysine, or proline. The various tonB mutations differed markedly in their suppression activities on different btuB or cir mutations. This allele specificity of suppression indicates that TonB interacts directly with the outer membrane transport proteins in a manner that recognizes the local conformation but not specific side chains within this conserved region. An effect of the context of the remainder of the protein was seen, since the same substitution (valine 10----glycine) in btuB and cir responded differently to the suppressors. This finding supports the proposal that TonB interacts with more of the transport proteins than the first conserved domain alone.
Blood Volume Analysis: A New Technique and New Clinical Interest Reinvigorate a Classic Study (2007)

Blood volume studies using the indicator dilution technique and radioactive tracers have been performed in nuclear medicine departments for over 50 y. A nuclear medicine study is the gold standard for blood volume measurement, but the classic dual-isotope blood volume study is time-consuming and can be prone to technical errors. Moreover, a lack of normal values and a rubric for interpretation made volume status measurement of limited interest to most clinicians other than some hematologists. A new semiautomated system for blood volume analysis is now available and provides highly accurate results for blood volume analysis within only 90 min. The availability of rapid, accurate blood volume analysis has brought about a surge of clinical interest in using blood volume data for clinical management. Blood volume analysis, long a low-volume nuclear medicine study all but abandoned in some laboratories, is poised to enter the clinical mainstream. This article will first present the fundamental principles of fluid balance and the clinical means of volume status assessment. We will then review the indicator dilution technique and how it is used in nuclear medicine blood volume studies. We will present an overview of the new semiautomated blood volume analysis technique, showing how the study is done, how it works, what results are provided, and how those results are interpreted. Finally, we will look at some of the emerging areas in which data from blood volume analysis can improve patient care. The reader will gain an understanding of the principles underlying blood volume assessment, know how current nuclear medicine blood volume analysis studies are performed, and appreciate their potential clinical impact.
CANDID: comparison algorithm for navigating digital image databases (2002)

In this paper, we propose a method for calculating the similarity between two digital images. A global signature describing the texture, shape, or color content is first computed for every image stored in a database, and a normalized distance between probability density functions of feature vectors is used to match signatures. This method can be used to retrieve images from a database that are similar to an example target image. This algorithm is applied to the problem of search and retrieval for a database containing pulmonary CT imagery, and experimental results are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
XML-based monitoring and operating for Web Services in automation (2007)

Web services in automation systems usually use XML technology for data exchange functions. Actual Web browsers include XML functionality already as standard and therefore they are very promising candidates for implementing monitoring and operating functions of Web services. But Web browsers typically incorporate only a subset of Web technologies and their availability may be characterized by a relatively short live time compared to automation solutions. So many existing libraries for Web based monitoring and operating are implemented with Java and some new versions of browsers do no longer support Java natively. An interesting alternative are XML-based graphical user interface languages developed for the office world, but existing languages do not meet the requirements of real time visualization in automation. To overcome these deficiencies this paper presents a new language for Web based monitoring and operating supporting Web services for the data exchange.
Gas transport properties of a series of highTg polynorbornenes with aliphatic pendant groups (1998)

A study of gas transport properties of novel polynorbornenes with increasing length of an aliphatic pendant group R (CH3, CH3(CH2)3, CH3(CH2)5, CH3(CH2)9) has been performed. These polymers were synthesized using novel organometallic complex catalysts via an addition polymerization route. This reaction route maintained the bridged norbornene ring structure in the final polymer backbone. Gas permeability and glass transition temperature were found to be higher than those for polynorbornenes prepared by ring-opening metathesis and reported in the literature. It was shown that for noncondensable gases such as H2 and He the selectivity over N2 decreased when the length of the pendant group increased, but remained relatively stable for the more condensable gases (O2 and CO2). The permeability coefficient is correlated well to the inverse of the fractional free volume of the polymers. The more condensable gases showed a deviation from this correlation for the longest pendant group, probably due to an increase of the solubility effect. This polymer series demonstrated a simultaneous increase in permeability and selectivity, uncommon for polymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 797–803, 1998
Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac function and remodeling in mice with heart failure due to myocardial infarction (2005)

Using inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) knockout mice (iNOS-/-), we tested the hypotheses that 1) lack of iNOS attenuates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction and improves cardiac reserve postmyocardial infarction (MI), an effect that is partially mediated by reduction of oxidative stress due to reduced interaction between NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS); and 2) the cardioprotection afforded by iNOS deletion is eliminated by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) due to inhibition of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Male iNOS-/- mice and wild-type controls (WT, C57BL/6J) were divided into sham MI, MI+vehicle, and MI+l-NAME (100 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) in drinking water for 8 wk). Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) maximum rate of rise of ventricular pressure divided by pressure at the moment such maximum occurs (dP/dt/instant pressure) in response to isoproterenol (100 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) iv) was measured with a Millar catheter. Collagen deposition, myocyte cross-sectional area, and expression of nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), markers for ROS, were determined by histopathological and immunohistochemical staining. We found that the MI-induced increase in LV chamber dimension and the decrease in ejection fraction, an index of systolic function, were less severe in iNOS-/- compared with WT mice. L-NAME worsened LV remodeling and dysfunction further, and these detrimental effects were also attenuated in iNOS-/- mice, associated with better preservation of cardiac function. Lack of iNOS also reduced nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE expression after MI, indicating reduced oxidative stress. We conclude that iNOS does not seem to be a pathological mediator of heart failure; however, the lack of iNOS improves cardiac reserve post-MI, particularly when constitutive NOS isoforms are blocked. Decreased oxidative stress and other adaptive mechanisms independent of NOS may be partially responsible for such an effect, which needs to be studied further.
Flavour improvement of water solutions comprising bitter amino acids (2011)

The aim of this project was to improve taste of a liquid food product, comprising extremely\nbitter and unpalatable amino acids and one unrevealed ingredient. The amino acids were Lleucine,\nL-isoleucine, L-valine, L-threonine and L-lysine monohydrochloride. Experimental\ndesign was set up as a screening of water solutions comprising these ingredients (called BCAA\nsolutions) and added ingredients with potential to improve flavour. BCAA solution with\ningredients that were potential bitterness suppressors were evaluated in flavour, bitterness\nand/or palatability. Solutions of separate amino acids were also studied. Sensory panels\ncomprised untrained assessors with varying capability of detecting bitterness. Palatability and\nbitterness were rated on hedonic scales in sensory analysis. Sensitivity to bitterness varies\ngreatly between individuals, which together with varying preferences of bitterness and\nflavours caused significantly differing answers. This resulted in difficulties to obtain\nsignificant results using Tukey’s pair-wise comparison. A decreased content of leucine in the\nBCAA solution was indicated favourable, as well as replacing lysine monohydrochloride with\nlysine. Ingredients that indicated moderate bitterness reduction were aspartic acid and\nglutamic acid, both giving sour solutions but the latter being regarded as unpalatable.\nIngredients indicated to reduce bitterness a little were carbonic acid, isomaltulose and some\nflavours. Opinions of bitterness reducing effect of flavours differed greatly, perhaps because\nof individual preferences or differences in bitterness sensitivity. The choice of water, more\nspecifically the composition of minerals and salts, might considerably affect flavour qualities\nand bitterness of BCAA solution. The amino acid concentrations in the BCAA solution were\nprobably too high for successful bitterness reduction using added ingredients in\nconcentrations that would not alter flavour characteristics in any other undesired way. A\npromising alternative, that was not studied, would be to modify the branched chain amino\nacids (BCAAs) Leu, Ile and Val by acetylation of the N-terminal.
Aggregation and Colloidal Stability of Commercially Available Al2O3 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Environments (2016)

The aggregation and colloidal stability of three, commercially-available, gamma-aluminum oxide nanoparticles (γ-Al₂O₃ NPs) (nominally 5, 10, and 20-30 nm) were systematically examined as a function of pH, ionic strength, humic acid (HA) or clay minerals (e.g., montmorillonite) concentration using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques. NPs possess pH-dependent surface charges, with a point of zero charge (PZC) of pH 7.5 to 8. When pH < PZC, γ-Al₂O₃ NPs are colloidally stable up to 100 mM NaCl and 30 mM CaCl₂. However, significant aggregation of NPs is pronounced in both electrolytes at high ionic strength. In mixed systems, both HA and montmorillonite enhance NP colloidal stability through electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance when pH ≤ PZC, whereas their surface interactions are quite limited when pH > PZC. Even when pH approximates PZC, NPs became stable at a HA concentration of 1 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>. The magnitude of interactions and dominant sites of interaction (basal planes <i>versus</i> edge sites) are significantly dependent on pH because both NPs and montmorillonite have pH-dependent (conditional) surface charges. Thus, solution pH, ionic strength, and the presence of natural colloids greatly modify the surface conditions of commercial γ-Al₂O₃ NPs, affecting aggregation and colloidal stability significantly in the aqueous environment.
Inhibition of in vitro myogenic differentiation by a polyomavirus early function. (1992)

In the present work we report on the role of a polyomavirus (Py) early function in interfering with both morphological and biochemical differentiation of the myogenic C2 cell line. The analysis of cell clones stably transfected with a plasmid carrying an ORI- Py genome showed that in the presence of the whole viral early region myogenesis is blocked and a transformed phenotype is evident. By using a plasmid that only encodes large-T function, the involvement of this individual early viral gene product was determined. Inhibition of myogenic differentiation by Py large T is proportional to the level of its expression. This inhibition does not appear to require alteration of cell growth properties. The analysis of muscle-specific functions expressed at different steps in the myogenic pathway showed that Py large T blocks the expression of terminal differentiation markers without altering the expression of the regulatory gene MyoD.
A Controllable Solid-State Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> Electrochemiluminescence Film Based on Conformation Change of Ferrocene-Labeled DNA Molecular Beacon (2008)

A controllable solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) film based on efficient and stable quenching of ECL of ruthenium(II) tris-(bipyridine) (Ru(bpy)32+) by oxidizing ferrocene (Fc) at the electrode is developed. The ECL intensity is correlated to the distance which is controlled by the conformation of the ferrocene-labeled DNA molecular beacon (Fc-MB) between the Fc and Ru(bpy)32+ immobilized on the electrode. The conformation adjustment is conducted via complementary DNA hybridizing with the bases in the loop of the Fc-MB and changing the temperature of the Fc-MB and the resultant double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Those events all result in change of the ECL intensity. With such characteristics, the solid-state Ru(bpy)32+-ECL film has the potential to be applied to reagentless DNA ECL biosensors and to calculate thermodynamic parameters of equilibrium constants of MB binding and the stem-loop formation.