gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waging War against Uropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>: Winning Back the Urinary Tract (2009)

Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a substantial economic and societal burden-a formidable public health issue. Symptomatic UTI causes significant discomfort in infected patients, results in lost productivity, predisposes individuals to more serious infections, and usually necessitates antibiotic therapy. There is no licensed vaccine available for prevention of UTI in humans in the United States, likely due to the challenge of targeting a relatively heterogeneous group of pathogenic strains in a unique physiological niche. Despite significant advances in the understanding of UPEC biology, mechanistic details regarding the host response to UTI and full comprehension of genetic loci that influence susceptibility require additional work. Currently, there is an appreciation for the role of classic innate immune responses-from pattern receptor recognition to recruitment of phagocytic cells-that occur during UPEC-mediated UTI. There is, however, a clear disconnect regarding how factors involved in the innate immune response to UPEC stimulate acquired immunity that facilitates enhanced clearance upon reinfection. Unraveling the molecular details of this process is vital in the development of a successful vaccine for prevention of human UTI. Here, we survey the current understanding of host responses to UPEC-mediated UTI with an eye on molecular and cellular factors whose activity may be harnessed by a vaccine that stimulates lasting and sterilizing immunity.
Optical contention resolution and buffering module for ATM networks (1993)

A new type of buffering module is introduced, suitable for incorporation into optical switch fabrics handling ATM cells. It comprises 2 × 2 optical switches and optical delay lines, and is equivalent to two interlinked buffers. Performance is characterised in terms of attenuation, crosstalk and cell loss.
Mechanical Stretch on Human Skin Equivalents Increases the Epidermal Thickness and Develops the Basement Membrane (2015)

All previous reports concerning the effect of stretch on cultured skin cells dealt with experiments on epidermal keratinocytes or dermal fibroblasts alone. The aim of the present study was to develop a system that allows application of stretch stimuli to human skin equivalents (HSEs), prepared by coculturing of these two types of cells. In addition, this study aimed to analyze the effect of a stretch on keratinization of the epidermis and on the basement membrane. HSEs were prepared in a gutter-like structure created with a porous silicone sheet in a silicone chamber. After 5-day stimulation with stretching, HSEs were analyzed histologically and immunohistologically. Stretch-stimulated HSEs had a thicker epidermal layer and expressed significantly greater levels of laminin 5 and collagen IV/VII in the basal layer compared with HSEs not subjected to stretch stimulation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the structure of the basement membrane was more developed in HSEs subjected to stretching. Our model may be relevant for extrapolating the effect of a stretch on the skin in a state similar to an in vivo system. This experimental system may be useful for analysis of the effects of stretch stimuli on skin properties and wound healing and is also expected to be applicable to an in vitro model of a hypertrophic scar in the future.
Optical cross-connect system incorporated with newly developed operation and management system (1998)

The optical cross-connect (OXC) system described in this paper increases the operation flexibility and reliability of the trunk-line optical networks used for data communication. It features an OXC node comprised of a photonic switching network and a conventional electric switching network that are connected hierarchically. The operation and management scheme proposed for this OXC system uses the concept of an optical path and an optical section. The OXC system allows hitless network reconfiguration by switching the photonic switches gradually and without interference effects. An experimental OXC network showed that a broken optical path is restored, by rerouting, within 50 ms. Experiments using a LiNbO/sub 3/ 8/spl times/8 photonic switch matrix also showed that the OXC system provides photonic hitless switching. These results confirm the feasibility of flexibly reconfigurable and fast-restorable OXC systems.
Amino Acid Regions 572–579 and 657–666 of the Spacer Domain of ADAMTS13 Provide a Common Antigenic Core Required for Binding of Antibodies in Patients with Acquired TTP. (2005)

Abstract Inhibitory antibodies against ADAMTS13 have been detected in the majority of patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Epitope-mapping studies revealed that antibodies binding to the cysteine-rich/spacer domains of ADAMTS13 are present in plasma of all patients analyzed so far. We have previously shown that a major antigenic determinant located within the spacer domain. To confirm these results we constructed a recombinant fragment consisting of the disintegrin/TSR1/cysteine-rich domains of ADAMTS13 and the spacer domain of ADAMTS1. The resulting ADAMTS13/ADAMTS1 chimera did not react with IgG present in plasma of a panel of patients with acquired TTP. To identify the amino acid residues that are involved in binding of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies, we constructed a series of 15 hybrids (designated A–O) in which 5–10 amino acids of the ADAMTS13 spacer were exchanged for the homologous sequence of ADAMTS1. Plasma from 6 patients with antibodies directed against the spacer domain was analyzed for reactivity with the ADAMTS13/ADAMTS1 chimeras. Exchange of residues 572–579 (hybrid C) and 657–666 (hybrid M) of ADAMTS13 for the corresponding sequence of ADAMTS1 completely abolished the binding of antibodies from all 6 patients. Other regions of the ADAMTS13 spacer were also involved in binding of antibodies from patient plasma. Regions 580–587 (D), 602–620 (G,H), 629–638 (J), and 667–767 (N) of the ADAMTS13 spacer domain contributed to binding of antibodies from patients 2, 4, and 5 (epitope present within regions CDGHJMN). IgG derived from patient 1 required region 602–620 (G,H) for binding to the ADAMTS13 spacer (CGHM-epitope). For antibodies of patient 3, residues 564–571 (B), 580–587 (D), and 629–638 (J) were required (BCDJM-epitope), whereas replacement of residues 602–610 (G) and 629–638 (J) greatly diminished binding of antibodies derived from patient 6 (CGJM-epitope). Despite the presumably polyclonal origin of the antibodies present in plasma of the patients, our results suggest that residues 572–579 (C) and 657–666 (M) comprise a common antigenic core region within the spacer domain that is crucial for binding of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in all six patients. Amino acid residues derived from other regions that spatially surround this common antigenic core further modulate binding of antibodies to the spacer domain.
Access to Nanostructured Hydrogel Networks through Photocured Body-Centered Cubic Block Copolymer Melts (2011)

Direct access to nanostructured hydrogel networks through high fidelity photocuring of sphere-forming block copolymer melts is demonstrated. Hydrophobic junction points within the hydrogel network are based on an underlying lattice of body-centered cubic spheres (SBCC), produced via melt-state self-assembly of blended AB diblock and ABA triblock copolymer amphiphiles. Integrated thermally stable photocuring chemistry allows for in situ trapping of these spherical domains, independent from the required melt processing necessary to achieve the highly ordered BCC lattice. Swelling of the photocured solids in aqueous (and organic) media afforded highly elastic gels exhibiting excellent mechanical properties (G′ ∼ 103 Pa) and complete preservation of the cured solid shape. The hydrogels fabricated in this study were produced from partially epoxidized (19.6%, relative to diene repeat units) blends of polybutadiene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock (PB–PEO, fPB = 0.13, Mn = 29 500 g mol–1, 88.5 mol %) and PB–PEO–PB triblock (fPB = 0.13, Mn = 59 000 g mol–1, 11.5 mol %) copolymers synthesized via anionic polymerization. Addition of UV-activated cationic photoinitiator (4-iodophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate (0.5 mol %) produced composite samples exhibiting a highly ordered SBCC morphology after annealing at moderate temperatures (4 h at 80 °C or 60 s at 140 °C) above the PEO melting transition. Composite films (0.33 mm thickness) were then photocured directly from the melt state, postanneal. Cured samples retained the SBCC structure with extremely high fidelity, effectively prestructuring the network of junction points prior to swelling. The photopatterning potential of these uniquely designed hydrogels is also demonstrated.
Primary Study on Analysis of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits of Wheat Germplasm Resources from Xinjiang and Other Areas (2004)

The grain proteins of 43 wheat germplasm resources from Xinjiang and other areas were fractioned by SDS-PAGE to determine their high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition, allelic variation and frequencies. Their quality is based on the quality rating system of Payne. The average score of the Glu-1 of the 43 wheat sources is 5.7, the average score is lower than whole Chinese-grown wheat sources, and the fre-quency of subunits 2 and 12 of wheat sources is very high. But the subunits 5+10 is very less, which partly affected the improvement of wheat quality in Xingjiang.
Human error probability models in the BWR individual plant evaluation methodology (2003)

The authors present a review of the human error probability (HEP) estimation methods used in the BWR (boiling water reactor) Individual Plant Evaluation Methodology (IPEM). These methods include: time-dependent accident response models and non-time-dependent manipulative action models. A survey of the types of models available for the quantification of time-dependent accident responses is presented, and a comparison of the IPEM response models for selected action versus simulator data is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MILD HEAD INJURY: A GUIDE TO MANAGEMENT. (2000)

The authors of this book on mild head injuries have great experience in a special clinic, set up to arrange assessment, rehabilitation and support for patients with mild head injuries. Dorothy Gronwall is known as the inventor of the PASAT, a test with great diagnostic value in head injuries, and Philip Wrightson has been involved with head injury problems for the majority of his working life. One of the major concerns of this book is to illuminate the special problems related to mild head injuries and to offer advice as to how to handle such patients. As pointed out by Sir Charles Symonds and Dr R. E. Kelly …
Optimized digital backward propagation for phase modulated signals in mixed-optical fiber transmission link (2010)

The parametric optimization of Digital Backward Propagation (DBP) algorithm for mitigating fiber transmission impairments is proposed and numerically demonstrated for phase modulated signals in mixed-optical fiber transmission link. The optimization of parameters i.e. dispersion (D) and non-linear coefficient (γ) offer improved eye-opening (EO). We investigate the optimization of iterative and non-iterative symmetric split-step Fourier method (S-SSFM) for solving the inverse non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). Optimized DBP algorithm, with step-size equal to fiber module length i.e. one calculation step per fiber span for obtaining higher computational efficiency, is implemented at the receiver as a digital signal processing (DSP) module. The system performance is evaluated by EO-improvement for diverse in-line compensation schemes. Using computationally efficient non-iterative symmetric split-step Fourier method (NIS-SSFM) upto 3.6 dB referenced EO-improvement can be obtained at 6 dBm signal launch power by optimizing and modifying DBP algorithm parameters, based on the characterization of the individual fiber types, in mixed-optical fiber transmission link.
Layout and language: preliminary investigations in recognizing the structure of tables (2002)

Describes a prototype system for assigning table cells to their proper place in the logical structure of the table, based on a simple model of table structure combined with a number of measures of cohesion between cells. A framework is presented for examining the effect of particular variables on the performance of the system, and preliminary results are presented showing the effect of cohesion measures based on the simplest domain-independent analyses, with the aim allowing future comparison with more knowledge-intensive analyses based on natural language processing. These baseline results suggest that very simple string-based cohesion measures are not sufficient to support the extraction of tuples as we require. Future work will pursue the aim of more adequate approximations to a notional subtype/supertype definition of the relationship between value cells and label cells.
Chemical Probing within Catalyst Bodies by Diagonal Offset Raman Spectroscopy (2011)

A vibrational fingerprint: A Raman technique has been developed to retrieve spatiotemporal chemical information from millimeter-sized catalyst bodies under preparation. An incipient wetness impregnation of γ-Al2O3 catalysts with ammonium heptamolybdate was followed. Diagonal offset Raman spectroscopy was able to distinguish between surface, subsurface, and bulk phase of the catalyst bodies (see picture).
ChemInform Abstract: AS‐TRIAZINO(4,5‐A)INDOLES. I. INDOLE DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Die Indolcarbonsäurehydrazide (I) werden mit den Säuren (II) zu den Derivaten (III) acyliert; aus (Ia) und den Säurechloriden (Va) bzw. (Vb) werden die Analogen (IVa) bzw. (IVb) erhalten.
Studies on the Components of <i>Sophora japonica</i> L. II (1958)

A few oxidation products and their reduction products of sophoradiol (I), obtained from the dried buds of Sophora japonica L., were comparatively examined with reactivity of known triterpene alcohols and the structure of olean-12-ene-3, 15-diol, -3, 19-diol, or -3, 22-diol was proposed for (I).
Microbial screening methods for detection of antibiotic residues in slaughter animals (2009)

Monitoring of food products from animal origin for the presence of antimicrobial residues is preferably done using microbial screening methods because of their high cost-effectiveness. Traditionally applied methods fail to detect the maximum residue limits which were established when EU Council Regulation 2377/90 came into effect. Consequently, during the last decade this has led to the development of improved microbial screening methods. This review provides an overview of the efforts expended to bring antibiotic screening methods into compliance with EU legislation. It can be concluded that the current situation is still far from satisfactory.
Structural features that affect the binding of teicoplanin, ristocetin A, and their derivatives to the bacterial cell-wall model N-acetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine (1985)

Studies with the title antibiotics have confirmed that the N-terminal amino groups of such glycopeptides play a major rôle in binding to N-acetylD-alanyl-D-alanine; one sugar is found to affect free energy of binding but the other sugars and fatty acid groups attached to the aglycones have more uncertain rôles.
Plasma endothelin concentrations after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (2000)

Endothelin concentrations seem to correlate with delayed cerebral ischemia and vasospasm after SAH. The highest levels of ET are predictive of the symptoms of cerebral ischemia and vasospasm, and ET may also worsen ischemia in patients with a history of hypertension. Thus, ET may be an important causal or contributing factor to vasospasm, but its significance in the pathogenesis of vasospasm remains unknown.
Using Syntax to Ground Referring Expressions in Natural Images (2018)

We introduce GroundNet, a neural network for referring expression recognition---the task of localizing (or grounding) in an image the object referred to by a natural language expression. Our approach to this task is the first to rely on a syntactic analysis of the input referring expression in order to inform the structure of the computation graph. Given a parse tree for an input expression, we explicitly map the syntactic constituents and relationships present in the tree to a composed graph of neural modules that defines our architecture for performing localization. This syntax-based approach aids localization of both the target object and auxiliary supporting objects mentioned in the expression. As a result, GroundNet is more interpretable than previous methods: we can (1) determine which phrase of the referring expression points to which object in the image and (2) track how the localization of the target object is determined by the network. We study this property empirically by introducing a new set of annotations on the GoogleRef dataset to evaluate localization of supporting objects. Our experiments show that GroundNet achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in identifying supporting objects, while maintaining comparable performance in the localization of target objects.
Something Within: Religion as a Mobilizer of African-American Political Activism (1994)

Few studies have explored the multidimensional aspect of religion and its impact on political action. This is especially true of African Americans who have been stereotyped, at least in the social science literature, as having an otherworldly religious orientation that deflects attention away from worldly concerns, such as politics, to otherworldly rewards. Expanding the work of Kenneth Wald, this study posits a theory of religion and political action by considering religion as a resource for political mobilization. Using the 1987 General Social Survey (GSS), this article argues that religion among African Americans serves as both an organizational and psychological resource for individual and collective political action. It also demonstrates how individual religious beliefs and practices affect different modes of political action like voting and collective action, and how these effects differ between black and white Americans.
Anti‐angiogenesis therapy can overcome endothelial cell anergy and promote leukocyte‐endothelium interactions and infiltration in tumors (2006)

Tumor escape from immunity, as well as the failure of several anti-cancer vaccination and cellular immunotherapy approaches, is suggested to be due to the angiogenesis-mediated suppression of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte-vessel wall interactions. We hypothesized that inhibition of angiogenesis would overcome this escape from immunity. We investigated this in vivo by means of intravital microscopy and ex vivo by immunohistochemistry in two mouse tumor models. Angiogenesis inhibitors anginex, endostatin, and angiostatin, and the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel were found to significantly stimulate leukocyte-vessel wall interactions by circumvention of EC anergy in vivo, i.e., by the up-regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules in tumor vessels. This was confirmed by in vitro studies of cultured EC at the protein and mRNA levels. The new angiostatic designer peptide anginex was most potent at overcoming EC anergy; the enhanced leukocyte-vessel interactions led to an increase in the numbers of tumor infiltrating leukocytes. While anginex inhibited tumor growth and microvessel density significantly, the amount of infiltrated leukocytes (CD45), as well as the number of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, was enhanced markedly. The current results suggest that immunotherapy strategies can be improved by combination with anti-angiogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Ribonucleoside 3′‐O‐Phosphoramidites and Their Application to the Automated Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides. (1986)

Abstract Die aus den geschützten Ribonucleosiden (I) mit dem Phosphorigsäureesteramidchloriden (II) erhaltenen Phosphoramidite (III) liefern in hohen Ausbeuten bei der automatisierten Oligonucleotidsynthese Oligonucleotide.
P38α MAPK underlies muscular dystrophy and myofiber death through a Bax-dependent mechanism (2014)

Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases that lead to muscle wasting and, in most cases, premature death. Cytokines and inflammatory factors are released during the disease process where they promote deleterious signaling events that directly participate in myofiber death. Here, we show that p38α, a kinase in the greater mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-signaling network, serves as a nodal regulator of disease signaling in dystrophic muscle. Deletion of Mapk14 (p38α-encoding gene) in the skeletal muscle of mdx- (lacking dystrophin) or sgcd- (δ-sarcoglycan-encoding gene) null mice resulted in a significant reduction in pathology up to 6 months of age. We also generated MAPK kinase 6 (MKK6) muscle-specific transgenic mice to model heightened p38α disease signaling that occurs in dystrophic muscle, which resulted in severe myofiber necrosis and many hallmarks of muscular dystrophy. Mechanistically, we show that p38α directly induces myofiber death through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway involving direct phosphorylation and activation of the pro-death Bcl-2 family member Bax. Indeed, muscle-specific deletion of Bax, but not the apoptosis regulatory gene Tp53 (encoding p53), significantly reduced dystrophic pathology in the muscles of MKK6 transgenic mice. Moreover, use of a p38 MAPK pharmacologic inhibitor reduced dystrophic disease in Sgcd(-/-) mice suggesting a future therapeutic approach to delay disease.
Virtual-join: a query execution technique (2003)

Although communication cost is still a major cost for distributed databases, local cost in distributed query processing cannot be neglected. Observing the fact that almost all commercial database products employ plan enumeration with dynamic programming (PEDP) techniques, we find reducing the cost of both communication and local processing in 2-way join has potential benefits. Although many methods for reducing communication cost have been proposed, most of them employ a cost model that neglects local processing cost. This paper proposes a join execution method (called virtual join) that considers both of them. Virtual join has two desirable features: 1) Being adaptive to different values of selectivity. 2) Giving accurate cardinality of join result before it is materialized. Experiment results showed virtual join was both adaptive and efficient.
Circulating miRNA Profiles of Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients. (2017)

Doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity is unpredictable and begins with the first dose of chemotherapy. This study aimed to obtain information about circulating microRNA of cancer patients in the early dose of DOX chemotherapy, who either did or did not develop cardiac abnormality after the completion of chemotherapy. Plasma of 20 patients treated for breast cancer with DOX-chemotherapy was analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR. Circulating microRNA profiles of patients with DOX cardiotoxicity were compared to microRNA profiles of patients without DOX cardiotoxicity by quantitative real-time PCR. Thirty-two microRNAs were significantly dysregulated in the patients with abnormal cardiac function. Functional analysis of the 32 miRNAs suggested association with cell death, cell cycle, and inflammation. We have identified a miRNA signature associated with early doses of DOX-based chemotherapy that may potentially predict later impairment of cardiac function in breast cancer patients. Our data lay a foundation for future studies to identify biomarkers for presymptomatic DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.