gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Ba sub 2 YCu sub 3 O sub x as a function of oxygen partial pressure Part I: Thermoanalytical measurements (1987)

The equilibrium oxygen content, X, in the range 6 < X < 7 is described for the high temperature superconductor Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub x} as a function of P{sub O{sub 2}} and temperature over the ranges 10{sup {minus}3} < P{sub O{sub 2}} < 1 atm. and 400 < {degree}C < 1000. The results are expressed as a series of isocompositional lines on plots of log P{sub O{sub 2}} versus reciprocal temperature. Enthalpy for the oxidation as derived from the slopes of these lines is found to vary from 24 to 26.5 kcal mol{sup {minus}1} (per oxygen atom). These data are derived from thermogravimetry in flowing 100, 21, 2, 1, and 0.091% O{sub 2} at atmospheric pressure. Other supporting thermoanalytical data, DSC, DTA, and EGA are presented to further help understand the effects of atmosphere in this system. For example, the melting point of Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub x} as determined from DTA at 20{degree}C min{sup {minus}1} was found to vary from approximately 975{degree}C in N{sub 2} to about 1035{degree}C in O{sub 2}.
"Bronchodilator" action of deptropine citrate with and without isoprenaline by inhalation. (1965)

The pharmacological properties of 3-(10,ll-dihydro-5H dibenzo (a, d) cyclohepten-5-yloxy)-tropane citrate (BS 6987, now known as deptropine citrate or Brontina) have been described by Funcke et al. (1962). These authors found that deptropine citrate protected animals against experimental bronchospasm. They also found that it was active after both parenteral and oral administration, and that it had antihistamine and some atropine-like properties. After these laboratory investigations Scherrer (1962) treated 11 asthmatic patients with intramuscular deptropine citrate (1 to 2 mg. daily). He made a number of physiological measurements before treatment and at intervals after treatment, including vital capacity, indirect M.B.C., pneumotachogram, and lung com pliance. Although the response varied greatly in individual patients he concluded that an intramuscular injection of 2 to 3 mg. of deptropine citrate resulted in a bronchodilatory effect, and that this effect was usually maximal two to six hours after the injection.
Kinetics of absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous ammonia solutions (2009)

In the present work the absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous ammonia solutions has been studied in a stirred cell reactor, at low temperatures and ammonia concentrations ranging from 0.1 to about 7 kmol m−3. The absorption experiments were carried out at conditions where the so-called pseudo first order mass transfer regime was obeyed–and hence the kinetics of the reaction between carbon dioxide and ammonia could be derived. The results were interpreted according to the well-established zwitterion mechanism.
THE OXIDATION OF THE SULFUR OF HOMOCYSTINE, METHIONINE, AND S-METHYLCYSTEINE IN THE ANIMAL BODY (1934)

Since it had been found that homocystine could support growth on a cystine-deficient diet in lieu of cystine (l), the oxidative fate of the sulfur of this compound was of interest to us. Furthermore, the possible relationship of this compound to the intermediary metabolism of methionine made such a study desirable. The surprising observation that the feeding of methionine to rats on a cystine-deficient diet results in a marked stimulation of growth was first made by Jackson and Block (2) and has been verified in other laboratories (3, 1). As pointed out by Butz and du Vigneaud (4), one might expect that homocystine would likewise support growth under these conditions if in the metabolism of methionine demethylation took place. The study of the substitution in the diet of methionine and cystine by homocystine was therefore undertaken with the results mentioned above (I), which we feel are in harmony with the idea just expressed in regard to the intermediary metabolism of methionine. It should be recalled that the lack of the growth-promoting powers of other disulfide acids such as @-dithiodipropionic, dithiodiglycolic, and a-dihydroxy-&dithiodipropionic acids has already been shown by Westerman and Rose (5), and therefore the behavior of the disulfide amino acid, homocystine, is all the more significant. The same view-point of the metabolism of methionine on the basis of evidence of an even more direct nature was independently arrived at by Virtue and Lewis (6, 7). These investigators made the interesting observation that after the feeding of methionine to rats and rabbits a positive test for the disulfide linkage was obtained
Visualizing Genomes with Oligopaint FISH Probes (2014)

Oligopaint probes are fluorescently labeled, single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides that can be used to visualize genomic regions ranging in size from tens of kilobases to many megabases. This unit details how Oligopaint probes can be synthesized using basic molecular biological techniques, and provides protocols for FISH, 3D-FISH, and sample preparation.
Carbachol induces secretion in a mast cell line (RBL‐2H3) transfected with the ml muscarinic receptor gene (1991)

The possibility that the ml muscarinic receptor subtype can induce release of intracellular granules and transmitters was studied by transfecting a cultured mast cell line. RBL-2H3 cells, with the ml receptor gene. Comparisons were made between carbachol- and antigen-induced activation of various secretory responses. Like antigen, carbachol stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and release of arachidonic acid with concomitant dose-dependent secretion of granular contents. Carbachol also stimulated a biphasic increase in intracellular calcium, as measured by single cell fura-2 measurements. Although the kinetics of the carbachol-induced rise in intracellular calcium differed from that induced by antigen, they both utilized the same intracellular pool of calcium, and the second phase of the rise in intracellular calcium was dependent on extracellular calcium in both cases. Thus, the ml muscarinic receptor activates release of granules by a mechanism ostensibly similar to that of antigen.
A Distributed Framework for Correlated Data Gathering in Sensor Networks (2008)

We consider the problem of correlated data gathering in sensor networks with multiple sink nodes. The problem has two objectives. First, we would like to find a rate allocation on the correlated sensor nodes such that the data gathered by the sink nodes can reproduce the field of observation. Second, we would like to find a transmission structure on the network graph such that the total transmission energy consumed by the network is minimized. The existing solutions to this problem are impractical for deployment because they have not considered all of the following factors: (1) distributed implementation; (2) capacity and interference associated with the shared medium; and (3) realistic data correlation model. In this paper, we propose a new distributed framework to achieve minimum energy data gathering while considering these three factors. Based on a localized version of Slepian-Wolf coding, the problem is modeled as an optimization formulation with a distributed solution. The formulation is first relaxed with Lagrangian dualization and then solved with the subgradient algorithm. The algorithm is amenable to fully distributed implementations, which corresponds to the decentralized nature of sensor networks. To evaluate its effectiveness, we have conducted extensive simulations under a variety of network environments. The results indicate that the algorithm supports asynchronous network settings, sink mobility, and duty schedules.
Query based event extraction along a timeline (2004)

In this paper, we present a framework and a system that extracts events relevant to a query from a collection C of documents, and places such events along a timeline. Each event is represented by a sentence extracted from C, based on the assumption that "important" events are widely cited in many documents for a period of time within which these events are of interest. In our experiments, we used queries that are event types ("earthquake") and person names (e.g. "George Bush"). Evaluation was performed using G8 leader names as queries: comparison made by human evaluators between manually and system generated timelines showed that although manually generated timelines are on average more preferable, system generated timelines are sometimes judged to be better than manually constructed ones.
Dynamic Network Visualization (2005)

Increased interest in longitudinal social networks and the recognition that visualization fosters theoretical insight create a need for dynamic network visualizations, or network "movies." This article confronts theoretical questions surrounding the temporal representations of social networks and technical questions about how best to link network change to changes in the graphical representation. The authors divide network movies into (1) static flip books, where node position remains constant but edges cumulate over time, and (2) dynamic movies, where nodes move as a function of changes in relations. Flip books are particularly useful in contexts where relations are sparse. For more connected networks, movies are often more appropriate. Three empirical examples demonstrate the advantages of different movie styles. A new software program for creating network movies is discussed in the appendix.
Value-added Utilisation of Waste Glass in Concrete (2002)

Conference paper written by Ahmad Shayan presented at IABSE Symposium: Towards a Better Built Environment - Innovation, Sustainability, Information Technology, Melbourne, Australia, 11-13 September 2002.
Biosynthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors by vancomycin-resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (1992)

In the presence of bacitracin, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (vanA phenotype) accumulate UDP-N-acetylmuramyl(UDP-MurNAc)-tetrapeptide and a UDP-MurNAc-depsipentapeptide containing lactate substituted for the carboxy-terminal-d-alanine residue. In an in vitro peptidoglycan polymerization assay, the modified precursors function and confer resistance to vancomycin.
Operating under stress and strain [electrical power systems control under emergency conditions] (1978)

Defines control objectives for various levels and types of emergencies.
Short-Term Treatment with Proton-Pump Inhibitors as a Test for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (2004)

Successful short-term treatment with a PPI in patients suspected of having GERD does not confidently establish the diagnosis when GERD is defined by currently accepted reference standards.
Prednisone prevents atrial fibrillation promotion by atrial tachycardia remodeling in dogs (2006)

Prednisone prevents the electrophysiological and atrial fibrillation-promoting effects of atrial tachycardia-remodeling, possibly by an anti-inflammatory action, whereas the less potent anti-inflammatory ibuprofen and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine-A are without effect.
A Hybrid VDV Model for Automatic Diagnosis of Pneumothorax using Class-Imbalanced Chest X-rays Dataset (2020)

Pneumothorax, a life threatening disease, needs to be diagnosed immediately and efficiently. The prognosis in this case is not only time consuming but also prone to human errors. So an automatic way of accurate diagnosis using chest X-rays is the utmost requirement. To-date, most of the available medical images datasets have class-imbalance issue. The main theme of this study is to solve this problem along with proposing an automated way of detecting pneumothorax. We first compare the existing approaches to tackle the class-imbalance issue and find that data-level-ensemble (i.e. ensemble of subsets of dataset) outperforms other approaches. Thus, we propose a novel framework named as VDV model, which is a complex model-level-ensemble of data-level-ensembles and uses three convolutional neural networks (CNN) including VGG16, VGG-19 and DenseNet-121 as fixed feature extractors. In each data-level-ensemble features extracted from one of the pre-defined CNN are fed to support vector machine (SVM) classifier, and output from each data-level-ensemble is calculated using voting method. Once outputs from the three data-level-ensembles with three different CNN architectures are obtained, then, again, voting method is used to calculate the final prediction. Our proposed framework is tested on SIIM ACR Pneumothorax dataset and Random Sample of NIH Chest X-ray dataset (RS-NIH). For the first dataset, 85.17% Recall with 86.0% Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) is attained. For the second dataset, 90.9% Recall with 95.0% AUC is achieved with random split of data while 85.45% recall with 77.06% AUC is obtained with patient-wise split of data. For RS-NIH, the obtained results are higher as compared to previous results from literature However, for first dataset, direct comparison cannot be made, since this dataset has not been used earlier for Pneumothorax classification.
An RM-ODP Based Ontology and a CAD Tool for Modeling Hierarchical Systems in Enterprise Architecture (2005)

Enterprise Architecture (EA) requires modeling enterprises across multiple levels (from markets down to IT systems) i.e. modeling hierarchical systems. Our goal is to build a Computer Aided Design (CAD) tool for EA. To be able to build this CAD tool, we need an ontology that can be used to describe hierarchical systems. The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) was originally defined for describing IT systems and their environment. RM-ODP can also be suited to general, hierarchical, system modeling and, hence, can be used to model enterprises. In this paper, we first give an overview of our CAD tool and we present then how Part 2 and Part3 of RM-ODP were integrated to define a computer-interpretable ontology that is used in the CAD tool. This ontology is formalized using the Alloy declarative language. Last, we illustrate how the CAD tool can render Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams by showing selected aspects of the hierarchical systems.
An improved BiYIG composition for one-micron bubbles (1982)

Robertson et al.1 have described a Ga-substituted BiYLuIG composition with very narrow linewidth, high Faraday contrast, and low coercivity. In this work, the temperature dependence of magnetic properties has been improved by replacement of the Ga in the above material by Ca,Si. The approximate composition of the improved material is Y1.9Bi0.5Ca0.6Fe4.4Si0.6O12, and it has a 4πM of 800 G at RT. The Curie temperature is 525 °K higher than that of the Ga-substituted equivalent. An anisotropy energy of 75 000 erg/cm3 and a stability factor Q of 3.8 have been measured. The temperature dependence of the collapse field was reduced from −0.35% to −0.22% per degree. The magnetostrictive coefficient λ111 was measured and used to estimate strain corrections to the anisotropy energy. The growth-induced anisotropy was correlated with Bi content. The Faraday rotation was measured at RT and at 1.4 °K over the range (1.5–2)×104 cm−1. In triply implanted films, bubble propagation has been observed on 4-μm period Ion Implanted Propagation Patterns with wide margins and normal symmetry properties.
Accurate spectral response measurements of a complementary absorbing organic tandem cell with fill factor exceeding the subcells (2014)

Single heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells based on co-evaporated donor–acceptor layers with power conversion efficiencies (η) above 5.5% are demonstrated, using either high (1.8 eV) or low (1.4 eV) optical gap materials. The high energy absorbing cell utilizes a high fullerene-C70 content, in combination with a high mobility amorphous donor, while the low energy absorbing cell consists of a donor–acceptor molecule paired with C60 as the acceptor. The integration of the two cells in an optimized tandem configuration leads to η =7.2%, verified by external quantum efficiency measurements of the subcells. Notably, the fill-factor of the tandem stack is higher than either one of the sub-cells.
Alternative splicing of the NC1 domain of the human alpha 3(IV) collagen gene. Differential expression of mRNA transcripts that predict three protein variants with distinct carboxyl regions. (1994)

Three clones of NC1 of alpha 3(IV) collagen, named Q1, L5, and V, were isolated from human kidney; these predict three variant alpha 3(IV) NC1 domains of 232-, 60-, and 199-amino acid residues, respectively, with unique COOH-termini. The human collagen IV gene (COL4A3) was isolated and characterized, and it was shown that the cDNA variants arose from alternative splicing by deletion of exon 4 in L5 and deletion of exon 2 in V. The mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed in fetal and adult human kidney with Q1 the major species. Exon 4-L5 lacked 183 residues from the carboxyl terminus with a frameshift producing a unique 11-amino acid terminal peptide. In exon 2-V a frameshift resulted in a unique V carboxyl terminus of 53 novel peptides with a new glycosylation site. The size of recombinant proteins indicated the frameshifts and new stop codons were as predicted. The multiple forms of the alpha 3(IV) NC1 region may contribute to autoimmune glomerular disease and hereditary nephritis, in which this portion of the collagen IV molecule is thought to play an important role.
INTERNET RETAILING INTERMEDIATION: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF INVENTORY LIQUIDITY AND FULFILLMENT GUARANTEES (2004)

Internet retailers intermediate online markets by setting prices, matching wholesalers' supply with consumers' demand, affording inventory liquidity, and meeting fulfillment guarantees to consumers. Little attention has been given to studying the two latter intermediation functions. To fill this research gap, this study examined a sample of 25 mainstream online retailers in some 704 transactions with consumers. The study evaluates the inventory liquidity and the fulfillment guarantees these Internet retailers provide to consumers. Furthermore, it presents a path‐analysis model, which suggests that retailers coordinate their actual and promised inventory‐liquidity and delivery performance to satisfy the fulfillment guarantees made to consumers. Moreover, the results show that key transactional attributes (i.e., the net price and the number of items fulfilled) commonly present in Internet markets and visible to all market participants impact both the levels of inventory liquidity and the delivery performance of the transactions between consumers and Internet retailers.
Testing Procedures for Introduction of Silicon Carbide and Carbon Water Pump Seal Faces into Heavy Duty Diesel Service (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Testing procedures to evaluate new coolant pump seal face materials and new coolant pump seal designs were evaluated. Rig testing of materials and seals followed by engine dynamometer testing enabled changes in the seal materials or design to be validated prior to field testing and limited production.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These procedures were used to test and implement a coolant pump seal face material change to silicon carbide versus carbon. The change resulted in higher reliability for the coolant pump seal and reduced warranty cost for the engine.</div>
Tumor-Derived Autophagosome Vaccine: Mechanism of Cross-Presentation and Therapeutic Efficacy (2011)

These data documented the unique characteristics and potent antitumor efficacy of the autophagosome-based DRibble vaccine. The efficacy of DRibble cancer vaccine will be further tested in clinical trials.
Use of Bovine Milk Concentrate Containing Antibody to Rotavirus to Treat Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Infants (1987)

The use of a concentrate containing milk immunoglobulins prepared from rotavirus-hyperimmunized cows (neutralization titer, 1:6,000 for a 10% solution) to treat infants hospitalized for acute rotavirus gastroenteritis resulted in a significant (P = .008) reduction in the duration of excretion of virus. Stool samples from treated infants showed the presence of bovine milk immunoglobulins in 47% of cases and of neutralizing activity in 43% (mean neutralization titer, 1:48); stool samples from control infants showed neutralizing activities in only 3% of cases (neutralization titers, less than 1:20). Immunoelectrophoresis of stool extracts revealed fragment A, a bovine analogue of F(ab')2 or Fab, as the major product of in vitro and in vivo digestion of the immunoglobulins. Cessation of excretion of virus correlated with the appearance of neutralizing activities in 19 of 25 infants. Only concentrate-treated infants with high neutralizing activity in stools showed a statistically significant reduction in duration of excretion of virus; this duration in concentrate-treated infants with low neutralizing activity was comparable with controls.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Orally Delivered Doxorubicin Nanoparticles in Rat Tongue Cancer Induced by 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide (2015)

The results of the present study showed that the use of doxorubicin plus methotrexate - loaded nanoparticles orally had more therapeutic effects than commercial doxorubicin plus methotrexate.
ADDITION AND SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS OF OXYGEN FLUORIDES (1963)

Abstract : Three new oxygen fluoride, O4F2, O5F2 and O6F2, were synthesized and characterized. Dioxygen chlorine trifluoride, (O2ClF3) sub n, was produced and investigated. A new method of preparing O2F2, O3F2 and O4F2 from OF2 and O2 was described. Synthesis of polyoxygen difluorides by electric discharge in the liquid phase or ultraviolet irradiation was accomplished. The chemistry of oxygen fluorides was studied, and new data on characterization of oxygen fluorides were obtained. Diffusion flames of OF2 with various fuels were produced and characterized for the first time. Attempts were made to synthesize OF4. KrF4 was produced and its physical and chemical properties determined. KrF was studied and characterized. Potassium ozonide, hydrogen superoxide, xenon fluorides and oxyfluorides were prepared by new methods and investigated. Synthesis of argon and helium fluorides was started. The use of noble gas fluorides as possible hypergolic igniters was suggested and explored. Possible preparation of cyclic polymers of oxygen was suggested and explored. (Author)
A Unified Tagging Approach to Text Normalization (2007)

This paper addresses the issue of text normalization, an important yet often overlooked problem in natural language processing. By text normalization, we mean converting ‘informally inputted ’ text into the canonical form, by eliminating ‘noises’ in the text and detecting paragraph and sentence boundaries in the text. Previously, text normalization issues were often undertaken in an ad-hoc fashion or studied separately. This paper first gives a formalization of the entire problem. It then proposes a unified tagging approach to perform the task using Conditional Random Fields (CRF). The paper shows that with the introduction of a small set of tags, most of the text normalization tasks can be performed within the approach. The accuracy of the proposed method is high, because the subtasks of normalization are interdependent and should be performed together. Experimental results on email data cleaning show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the approach of using cascaded models and that of employing independent models. 1
Simulation of semiconductor laser amplifiers using harmonic balance (1992)

The large-signal dynamics of semiconductor laser amplifiers are simulated for the first time using a harmonic balance method suitable for the computer-aided-design of photonic circuits. As a specific example, we have simulated feedforward electrical linearisation of a semiconductor laser amplifier, and its sensitivity to residual facet reflectivity.