gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capillarity Induced Solvent-Actuated Bonding of Polymeric Microfluidic Devices (2006)

Rapid, robust, and economical fabrication of fluidic microchannels is of fundamental importance for the successful development of disposable lab-on-a-chip devices. In this work, we present a solvent-actuated bonding method for fabricating polymeric microfluidic devices at room temperature. A PMMA sheet with an imprinted microchannel was clamped to a blank PMMA sheet, and then 80 +/- 5 muL of acetone (bonding solvent) was introduced at one end of the fluidic channel and aspirated out at the other end. As the solvent moved down the channel, capillary forces drew a fraction of the solvent into the interstitial space between the two polymeric substrates. After aspiration, the assembly was incubated in the clamp for 5 min for effective bond formation. The quantity of the bonding solvent, its water content and flow rate, along with residence time in the channel were found to have significant impact on the bond quality and the channel integrity. Microfluidic electrophoretic separations of a 400-base DNA ladder were performed in devices fabricated using this method in less than 8 min with efficiencies routinely between 2 x 10(6) and 3 x 10(6) plates/m. The simplicity and economy of this technique make it amenable for automation and mass production, which could make polymeric substrates more attractive for single-use chemical analysis devices.
Partial Composite Action in Hardwood Glued-Laminated T-Beams (1999)

This paper presents experimental results from large-scale red maple glued-laminated (glulam) double t-beam testing for application in hardwood glulam bridge design. Experimental results indicate that glulam t-beams assembled with gaps between glulam deck panels experience a 5.8% increase in bending stiffness above that of a beam with no deck panel. The 5.8% stiffness increase is independent of beam depth. T-beams assembled with top abutted deck panels experience a 14.6% stiffness increase for 737 mm deep beams and a 10.1% stiffness increase for 1,143 mm deep beams. Additional testing results indicate that a common construction practice (roofing felt between deck panels and beams) does not influence glulam t-beam bending stiffness.
A Computerized Remote-Access Commodity Market: Telcot (1978)

Cotton marketing, like the marketing of other agricultural commodities, traditionally has been done through relatively small country markets. Problems for cotton producers resulting from this type of market structure are the limited availability of market price information and the limited degree of buyer competition for their product at the local level. Though these are seemingly inherent problems in local markets, new technologies in the form of electronic markets can help to overcome them.
Host epithelial geometry regulates breast cancer cell invasiveness (2012)

Breast tumor development is regulated in part by cues from the local microenvironment, including interactions with neighboring nontumor cells as well as the ECM. Studies using homogeneous populations of breast cancer cell lines cultured in 3D ECM have shown that increased ECM stiffness stimulates tumor cell invasion. However, at early stages of breast cancer development, malignant cells are surrounded by normal epithelial cells, which have been shown to exert a tumor-suppressive effect on cocultured cancer cells. Here we explored how the biophysical characteristics of the host microenvironment affect the proliferative and invasive tumor phenotype of the earliest stages of tumor development, by using a 3D microfabrication-based approach to engineer ducts composed of normal mammary epithelial cells that contained a single tumor cell. We found that the phenotype of the tumor cell was dictated by its position in the duct: proliferation and invasion were enhanced at the ends and blocked when the tumor cell was located elsewhere within the tissue. Regions of invasion correlated with high endogenous mechanical stress, as shown by finite element modeling and bead displacement experiments, and modulating the contractility of the host epithelium controlled the subsequent invasion of tumor cells. Combining microcomputed tomographic analysis with finite element modeling suggested that predicted regions of high mechanical stress correspond to regions of tumor formation in vivo. This work suggests that the mechanical tone of nontumorigenic host epithelium directs the phenotype of tumor cells and provides additional insight into the instructive role of the mechanical tumor microenvironment.
Treating Achilles Tendon Rupture in Rats with Bone-Marrow-Cell Transplantation Therapy (2010)

Background: Bone marrow cells possess multipotentiality and have been used for several treatments. We hypothesized that bone marrow cells might differentiate into regenerated tendon and that several cytokines within bone marrow cells might accelerate tendon healing. Therefore, we treated Achilles tendon ruptures in a rat model with transplantation of whole bone marrow cells. Methods: Nine F344/Nslc (Fisher) rats were the source of bone marrow cells and mesenchymal stem cells as well as normal Achilles tendons. Eighty-seven Fisher rats were used for the experiments. The rats were divided into three groups: the BMC group (bone marrow cells injected around the tendon), the MSC group (mesenchymal stem cells injected around the tendon), and the non-treated control group (incision only). Outcome measures included mechanical testing, collagen immunohistochemistry, histological analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: The ultimate failure load in the BMC group was significantly greater than that in the non-treated or the MSC group at seven days after incision (3.8 N vs. 0.9 N or 2.1 N, p < 0.016) and at fourteen days after incision (10.2 N vs. 6.1 N or 8.2 N, p < 0.016). The ultimate failure load in the BMC group at twenty-eight days after incision (33.8 N) was the same as that of normal tendon (34.8 N). The BMC group demonstrated stronger staining for type-III collagen at seven days after incision and stronger staining for type-I collagen at twenty-eight days than did the MSC group. Expression of TGF-β and VEGF in the BMC group was significantly increased compared with that in the other groups at four days after incision (TGF-β: 1.6 vs. 1.3 or 0.6, p < 0.01; VEGF: 1.7 vs. 1.1 or 0.9, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Transplantation of whole bone marrow cells may be a better and more readily available treatment for Achilles tendon rupture than cultured mesenchymal stem cells. Clinical Relevance: The present study provides evidence that transplantation of bone marrow cells may be a promising therapy for the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture.
Presence of K88-specific receptors in porcine ileal mucus is age dependent (1990)

Ileal mucus and epithelial cells were isolated from newborn piglets that had never been fed and 35-day-old unweaned piglets. Both newborn and 35-day-old piglet mucus preparations supported growth of Escherichia coli Bd 1107/75 08, a K88-fimbriated porcine enterotoxigenic strain, equally well (i.e., generation times of 28 min were observed in both cases). Adhesion of E. coli Bd 1107/75 08 to 35-day-old piglet ileal epithelial cells was, at most, 2 times that of the same strain to newborn piglet ileal epithelial cells; however, adhesion of E. coli Bd 1107/75 08 to 35-day-old piglet ileal mucus was 16 times that of the same strain to newborn piglet ileal mucus. The receptor in 35-day-old piglet ileal mucus was K88 specific, since it could be removed by purified K88ab fimbriae. Furthermore, adhesion of E. coli Bd 1107/75 08 to 35-day-old piglet ileal mucus was blocked by PAB10, a K88ab-, K88ac-, K88ad-specific monoclonal antibody. Although E. coli Bd 1107/75 08 traversed both newborn and 35-day-old piglet ileal mucus about equally well in vitro and bound well to underlying ileal epithelial cells after passing through newborn ileal mucus, it did not bind to ileal epithelial cells after passing through 35-day-old piglet ileal mucus. The data are discussed with respect to the role that K88-specific receptors present in newborn and ileal mucus might play in the pathogenesis of porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli strains which bear K88 fimbriae.
[Age-dependent changes in skin biomechanics, measurements in vitro and in vivo]. (1994)

Age-dependence of mechanical parameters was studied in vitro in human skin obtained at autopsy and in rat skin. Parameters indicating strength, e.g. ultimate load, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and ultimate extension, showed a steep increase during maturation, a maximum at adulthood and a slight but significant decrease during senescence. Parameters indicating viscosity or plasticity studied in hysteresis-, relaxation-, and creep-experiments showed a decrease during the whole life span. Simultaneous studies of biochemical parameters indicated a parallel behavior of strength with the content of insoluble cross-linked collagen and of plasticity with the content of glycosaminoglycans. The in vitro experiments in rats could be confirmed by in vivo studies. Further studies in rats indicated an excellent ability of skin in old rats for complete restoration (restitutio ad integrum) after repeated loading.
Assessment of Walking Features From Foot Inertial Sensing (2005)

An ambulatory monitoring system is developed for the estimation of spatio-temporal gait parameters. The inertial measurement unit embedded in the system is composed of one biaxial accelerometer and one rate gyroscope, and it reconstructs the sagittal trajectory of a sensed point on the instep of the foot. A gait phase segmentation procedure is devised to determine temporal gait parameters, including stride time and relative stance; the procedure allows to define the time intervals needed for carrying an efficient implementation of the strapdown integration, which allows to estimate stride length, walking speed, and incline. The measurement accuracy of walking speed and inclines assessments is evaluated by experiments carried on adult healthy subjects walking on a motorized treadmill. Root-mean-square errors less than 0.18 km/h (speed) and 1.52% (incline) are obtained for tested speeds and inclines varying in the intervals [3, 6] km/h and [-5, + 15]%, respectively. Based on the results of these experiments, it is concluded that foot inertial sensing is a promising tool for the reliable identification of subsequent gait cycles and the accurate assessment of walking speed and incline.
Perfusion changes in human skeletal muscle during reactive hyperemia measured by echo‐planar imaging (1996)

Muscle performance is markedly influenced by tissue perfusion. Techniques that allow quantification of microvascular flow are limited by the use of ionizing radiation. In this investigation, we apply an NMR model previously developed by Detre et al. to the measurement of human muscle perfusion during reactive hyperemia. We compare our results with conventional plethysmography adapted to NMR. Using echo-planar imaging, T1 and T2 were measured in 14 subjects during rest, ischemia, and reactive hyperemia. Mean leg muscle T1 in healthy volunteers is 850 ms at rest and 834 ms at reperfusion, leading to a calculated reactive hyperemia flow increase (T1 flow) of 103 +/- 40 ml/100 ml/min. T1 flows correlate well with NMR-plethysmography values. Changes in T2, which are sensitive to both deoxyhemoglobin content and vessel diameter variations, are also correlated with perfusion measurements. T1 changes allow quantification of regional perfusion in human muscle during reactive hyperemia.
A Scalable Framework For Joint Clustering And Synchronizing Multi-Camera Videos (2013)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013
Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency   (2014)

The control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and bulk atmosphere by stomata governs CO₂ uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration, determining plant productivity and water use efficiency. The balance between these two processes depends on stomatal responses to environmental and internal cues and the synchrony of stomatal behavior relative to mesophyll demands for CO₂. Here we examine the rapidity of stomatal responses with attention to their relationship to photosynthetic CO₂ uptake and the consequences for water use. We discuss the influence of anatomical characteristics on the velocity of changes in stomatal conductance and explore the potential for manipulating the physical as well as physiological characteristics of stomatal guard cells in order to accelerate stomatal movements in synchrony with mesophyll CO₂ demand and to improve water use efficiency without substantial cost to photosynthetic carbon fixation. We conclude that manipulating guard cell transport and metabolism is just as, if not more likely to yield useful benefits as manipulations of their physical and anatomical characteristics. Achieving these benefits should be greatly facilitated by quantitative systems analysis that connects directly the molecular properties of the guard cells to their function in the field.
Splanchnic Venous Pressure–Volume Relation During Experimental Acute Ischemic Heart Failure (1995)

Acute heart failure was associated with a parallel leftward shift of the splanchnic venous pressure-volume relation (venoconstriction). Splanchnic (systemic) venoconstriction may in part explain the increased LVEDP during acute heart failure by displacement of blood to the central compartment. Subsequently administered enalaprilat and, to a greater degree, nitroglycerin produced splanchnic venodilation, thereby lowering LVEDP. Hydralazine had no significant effect on the splanchnic veins and only a modest effect on LVEDP. In this model, splanchnic capacitance changes appear to modulate change in left ventricular preload.
Comparative Efficacy of Topical Gatifloxacin With Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin,and Clarithromycin in the Treatment of Experimental Mycobacteriumchelonae Keratitis (2004)

These results suggest that topical 0.3% gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution can be a new initial treatment agent against M chelonae keratitis.Clinical Relevance Topical gatifloxacin 0.3% may provide an initial alternative in therapy of M chelonae keratitis.
Responsive Supramolecular Gels Constructed by Crown Ether Based Molecular Recognition (2009)

Abstract Responsive supramolekulare Gele wurden aus vierarmigem Poly(ε‐caprolacton) mit Kronenether‐Endgruppen (PCL–DB24C8) und zweiarmigem Poly(ε‐caprolacton) mit Dibenzylammonium‐Endgruppen (PCL–DBAS) aufgebaut (siehe Schema), wobei sich die Bildung von Pseudorotaxanstrukturen aus Kronenether‐ und Ammoniumeinheiten als nützlich erwies. Diese supramolekularen Gele durchlaufen bei Temperatur‐ und pH‐Änderungen reversible Gel‐Sol‐Übergänge. magnified image
A Method for the Fabrication of Monodisperse Hollow Silica Spheres (2006)

A novel technique for fabricating hollow silica spheres (see figure) via a one-step process is described. The positively charged template polystyrene particles are “dissolved” subsequently, even synchronously, as the silica layer is formed in the same medium. Hollow silica spheres are formed, and neither additional dissolution nor calcination is needed during the whole process. The scale bar represents 1 μm. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c1528_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
VOC Extraction from Softwood Through Low-Headspace Heating (1999)

Summary Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), principally terpenes, released during wood drying face present or potential regulation. Two approaches are reported to control VOC release: heating green wood, or irradiating it with microwave energy, both in a low-headspace environment where evaporation is minimized. Low-headspace heating of green flakes (for OSB manufacture) releases VOCs but proportionately much less water. Hence, it is feasible to extract and collect the VOCs from green wood prior to drying, and to then dry it with lowered emissions. Irradiating flakes with microwave leads to contrasting behavior. Water is released with very little VOC loss if the flakes are microwaved in an open container. Microwaving under low-headspace conditions removes the VOCs, but retains the water in the wood. The water trapped in the wood because of the low-headspace restriction drives the VOCs out of the hydrophobic regions ( e.g. , resin canals) where they are principally located, into hydrophilic zones. Movement out of the hydrophilic environment and out of the wood is then quite rapid. Hence, either VOC or water release can be targeted by adjusting the headspace during microwaving. Most of the VOCs lost during drying originate from the surface, and low-headspace microwaving releases this surficial material. Hydrogen isotope exchange work shows that microwaving increases water access to the exchangeable protons in dry, or partially dry, wood tissue. The terpenes are carried out with the small amount of steam generated. Similar results are obtained with low-headspace radiofrequency (RF) irradiation of lumber; RF treatment does not induce a significant change in strength.
270. The interaction of n-butyl alcohol and the chlorides and oxychloride of phosphorus in the absence and in the presence of pyridine (1940)

W. Gerrard, J. Chem. Soc., 1940, 1464 DOI: 10.1039/JR9400001464
Comparative study of test generation methods for simulation accelerators (2015)

Hardware-accelerated simulation platforms are quickly becoming a major vehicle for the functional verification of modern systems and processors. Accelerator platforms provide functional verification with valuable simulation cycles. Yet, the high cost and limited bandwidth of accelerator platforms dictate a requirement for continuous utilization improvement. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of two approaches of test generation for accelerator platforms. An exerciser tool is used as experimental vehicle for the study. An off-platform test generation methodology is implemented and is compared to on-platform test generation typically used in exercisers. We present experimental results from simulation of latest IBM POWER8 processor on Awan accelerator platform, as well as from simulation of an eight-core ARMv8-based design on Veloce emulation platform. Our results indicate that the utilization of accelerator platforms can be improved by up to ×7 ratio when using off-platform test generation. In addition, increase of up to 24% is observed in test coverage. Off-platform mode features significantly bigger image size, but maintains tolerable build and load times.
Phosphatidic Acid and Phosphatidylserine Have Distinct Structural and Functional Interactions with the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (2004)

Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change. The physical properties of PC membranes containing PA are also substantially altered upon incorporation of the nAChR. To test whether or not the negative charge of PA is responsible for this "bi-directional coupling," the nAChR was reconstituted into membranes composed of PC with varying levels of the net negatively charged lipid phosphatidylserine (PS). In contrast to PA, increasing levels of PS in PC membranes do not stabilize an increasing proportion of nAChRs in a functional resting conformation, nor do they slow nAChR peptide hydrogen exchange kinetics. Incorporation of the nAChR had little effect on the physical properties of the PC/PS membranes, as monitored by the gel-to-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures of the bilayers. These results show that a net negative charge alone is not sufficient to account for the unique interactions that occur between the nAChR and PC/PA membranes. Incorporation of the receptor into PC/PS membranes, however, did lead to an altered head group conformation of PS possibly by recruiting divalent cations to the membrane surface. The results show that the nAChR has complex and unique interactions with both PA and PS. The interactions between the nAChR and PS may be bridged by divalent cations, such as calcium.
An Interference Cancellation Technique for the Use in Multiband Software Radio Frontend Design (2000)

A fundamental step towards the design of multiband radios is the replacement of fixed frequency components, like duplexers. For solving the arising problems we started with the development of an analog frontend incorporating a technique to suppress one of the main interference effects, namely the coupling of the transmitted signal into the receiving path. This has been accomplished using an active cancellation technique built into a wideband demonstrator operating in the frequency range from 800 to 2200 MHz and for radio channel bandwidths up to 5 MHz. Using the proposed cancellation technique we achieved a total interference suppression of up to 60 dB.
Behavior of Plasticizers in Vinyl Chloride-Acetate Resins (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBehavior of Plasticizers in Vinyl Chloride-Acetate ResinsM. C. ReedCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 8, 896–904Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50404a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50404a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An analysis of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (1994)

SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) is a gridless Lagrangian technique which is appealing as a possible alternative to numerical techniques currently used to analyze high deformation impulsive loading events. In the present study, the SPH algorithm has been subjected to detailed testing and analysis to determine its applicability in the field of solid dynamics. An important result of the work is a rigorous von Neumann stability analysis which provides a simple criterion for the stability or instability of the method in terms of the stress state and the second derivative of the kernel function. Instability, which typically occurs only for solids in tension, results not from the numerical time integration algorithm, but because the SPH algorithm creates an effective stress with a negative modulus. The analysis provides insight into possible methods for removing the instability. Also, SPH has been coupled into the transient dynamics finite element code PRONTO, and a weighted residual derivation of the SPH equations has been obtained.