gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STDP enables spiking neurons to detect hidden causes of their inputs (2009)

The principles by which spiking neurons contribute to the astounding computational power of generic cortical microcircuits, and how spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) of synaptic weights could generate and maintain this computational function, are unknown. We show here that STDP, in conjunction with a stochastic soft winner-take-all (WTA) circuit, induces spiking neurons to generate through their synaptic weights implicit internal models for subclasses (or causes) of the high-dimensional spike patterns of hundreds of pre-synaptic neurons. Hence these neurons will fire after learning whenever the current input best matches their internal model. The resulting computational function of soft WTA circuits, a common network motif of cortical microcircuits, could therefore be a drastic dimensionality reduction of information streams, together with the autonomous creation of internal models for the probability distributions of their input patterns. We show that the autonomous generation and maintenance of this computational function can be explained on the basis of rigorous mathematical principles. In particular, we show that STDP is able to approximate a stochastic online Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for modeling the input data. A corresponding result is shown for Hebbian learning in artificial neural networks.
투명 박막태양전지(a-si)를 이용한 공동주택에서의 태양광발전 적용효율 분석 (2013)

The objective of this study is to calculate the practical generable capacity by using the transparent thin film solar cell per each of housing unit through the analysis of insolation simulation from the windows of the representative type of construction, apartment houses, and to suggest the applicability and applicable range of the Photovoltaic System in apartment houses through the analysis of the power consumption of housing unit. As the result of the analysis, it is known that the annual generation amount is 428.85kW per each of housing unit, and it also was analyzed that this amount covers 12.3% of total power consumption of housing unit.
Image Media Technology for Virtual Reality Applications. Generation of 3D Hair Model from Multiple Pictures. (1998)

This research proposes image-based hair modeling algorithm that is effective at producing a realistic hair model for virtual characters in the world of virtual reality, movies, television commercials, and simulation games. To create a realistic and physically accurate hair model, the importance of hair cutting and bending must he considered. The problems of cutting and bending are solved through the use of multiple images of a human model. Multiple hair images taken from different directions provide the cutting criteria. To calculate the bending angle, hair volume is produced from three images of the head taken from the right, back and top. This hair volume represents the real space volume where hair is found and guides the bending process until the hair strands are inside the hair volume. The use of the hair volume together with the hair-area-outlines produces a hair model that is not only realistic but also closely resembles the human model in the picture.One main advantage of this hair model is the ability to model hair for specific individuals which is very difficult to achieve with other methods.
Interaction of MAP17 with NHERF3/4 induces translocation of the renal Na/Pi IIa transporter to the<i>trans</i>-Golgi (2006)

The function of the NaPiIIa renal sodium-phosphate transporter is regulated through a complex network of interacting proteins. Several PDZ domain-containing proteins interact with its COOH terminus while the small membrane protein MAP17 interacts with its NH(2) end. To elucidate the function of MAP17, we identified its interacting proteins using both bacterial and mammalian two-hybrid systems. Several PDZ domain-containing proteins, including the four NHERF proteins, as well as NaPiIIa and NHE3, were found to bind to MAP17. The interactions of MAP17 with the NHERF proteins and with NaPiIIa were further analyzed in opossum kidney (OK) cells. Expression of MAP17 alone had no effect on the NaPiIIa apical membrane distribution, but coexpression of MAP17 and NHERF3 or NHERF4 induced internalization of NaPiIIa, MAP17, and the PDZ protein to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This effect was not observed when MAP17 was cotransfected with NHERF1/2 proteins. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) prevented expression of the three proteins in the TGN. Activation of PKC in OK cells transfected only with MAP17 induced complete degradation of MAP17 and NaPiIIa. When lysosomal degradation was prevented, both proteins accumulated in the TGN. When the dopamine D1-like receptor was activated with fenoldopam, both NaPiIIa and MAP17 also accumulated in the TGN. Finally, cotransfection of MAP17 and NHERF3 prevented the adaptive upregulation of phosphate transport activity in OK cells in response to low extracellular phosphate. Therefore, the interaction between MAP17, NHERF3/4, and NaPiIIa in the TGN could be an important intermediate or alternate path in the internalization of NaPiIIa.
Scaling up POMDPs for Dialog Management: The ``Summary POMDP'' Method (2005)

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) have been shown to be a promising framework for dialog management in spoken dialog systems. However, to date, POMDPs have been limited to artificially small tasks. In this work, we present a novel method called a "summary POMDP" for scaling slot-filling POMDP-based dialog managers to cope with tasks of a realistic size. An example dialog problem incorporating a user model built from real dialog data is presented. A dialog manager is created using this method and evaluated using a second user model created from held-out dialog data. Results confirm that summary POMDP policies scale well, and also show that summary POMDP policies are reasonably robust to variations in user behavior
Mutations that impair a posttranscriptional step in expression of HLA-A and -B antigens. (1985)

Mutations can interfere with posttranscriptional expression of the HLA-A and -B genes. B-lymphoblastoid cells that contain one copy of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were subjected to mutagenesis and immunoselection for MHC antigen-loss mutants. Some mutations partially reduced surface expression of HLA-A and eliminated HLA-B expression concurrently, although the HLA-A and -B genes were present and transcribed. Antigen expression was fully restored in hybrids of these mutants with other B-lymphoblastoid cells. Therefore, normal cell surface expression of the HLA-A and -B antigens on B lymphoblasts requires (i) execution of at least one trans-active step in the production of the antigens after transcription of the HLA-A and -B genes or (ii) association of the class I antigens with other molecules. DNA analysis of one mutant suggests the possibility that a locus required for the normal expression of the HLA-A and -B antigens is located between the MHC complement genes and the HLA-DP alpha II locus.
Phlebicine, a new biphenylbisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Cremastosperma polyphlebum (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhlebicine, a new biphenylbisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Cremastosperma polyphlebumMichael P. Cava, Kikuo Wakisaka, Isao Noguchi, Dennis L. Edie, and Arnaldo I. DaRochaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 24, 3588–3591Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00938a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (541 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of RTPV generators integrated with new millennium spacecraft for outer solar system (1996)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s recently inaugurated New Millennium program, with its emphasis on miniaturized spacecraft, has generated interest in a low‐power (10‐ to 30‐watt), low‐mass, high‐efficiency RTPV (Radioisotope Thermophotovoltaic) power system. This led to a Department of Energy (DOE)‐sponsored design study of such a system, which was assigned to OSC (formerly Fairchild) personnel, who have been conducting similar studies of a 75‐watt RTPV system with very encouraging results. The 75‐watt design employed two 250‐watt General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules that DOE had previously developed and safety‐qualified for various space missions. These modules were too large for the small RTPVs described in this paper. To minimize the need for new development and safety verification studies, OSC generated derivative designs for 125‐watt and 62.5‐watt heat source modules containing identical fuel pellets, clads, impact shell, and thermal insulation. OSC also generated a novel heat source support scheme to reduce the heat losses through the structural supports, and a new and much simpler radiator structure, employing no honeycombs or heat pipes. OSC’s previous RTPV study had been based on the use of GaSb PV cells and spectrally selective IR filters that had been partially developed and characterized by Boeing (now EDTEK) personnel, who had supplied us with spectral data on filter reflectivities and cell quantum efficiencies. Because of the very encouraging results of our system design studies, OSC in the fall of 1994 initiated an experimental program at EDTEK to develop improved filters and cells, to demonstrate how much improvement can actually be achieved. OSC requested that first priority be given to filter improvements, because our system studies indicated that improved filters would have a much greater effect on system performance than cell improvements. By September 1995 EDTEK had achieved about 94% of the filter performance improvement projected in 1993. The improved filter performance data have been applied to the design of low‐power (10–30 watt) RTPV power systems, for possible application to New Millennium spacecraft for missions to the outer solar system, where solar power generation is impractical. The results reported in this paper indicate that such systems can yield very attractive performance. The option of integrating the RTPV generator with the miniaturized New Millennium spacecraft, by using the spacecraft’s large antenna as a radiator for rejecting the generator’s waste heat to space, is also described and analyzed. Work on further filter and cell improvements is continuing at EDTEK, as part of a joint effort with OSC and with DOE’s Mound Laboratory to develop and test a prototypic RTPV generator, with an electrical heater which will subsequently be replaced with a radioisotope heat source.
Brenner & Rector's the Kidney (1996)

Brenner & Rector's the kidney , Brenner & Rector's the kidney , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
ARE CELL KINETIC DATA RELEVANT FOR THE DESIGN OF TUMOUR CHEMOTHERAPY SCHEDULES?* (1974)

ABSTRACT The data on the importance of the application of information on cell kinetics for the success of tumour chemotherapy are critically reviewed. It is concluded that the data on cell sensitivity to drugs as affected by cell kinetic variables are as yet insufficient to permit the prediction of optimal dosage schedules for tumour therapy. More information is needed on differential responses and differential kinetic features of normal and malignant tissues. Optimistic views of cell kinetics as an easy answer to the problems of drug dosage schedule design are unjustified, but so is the disenchantment with cell kinetics as a fruitful approach. Much further work, especially on the drug sensitivity of cellular compartments in slow growing tumours, is needed before a complete evaluation of this tool is possible.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a High-Volume Ultrafine Particle Concentrator for Inhalation Toxicological Studies (2004)

This article presents the development and performance evaluation of a high-volume ultrafine particle concentrator. The ultrafine particle concentrator consists of several units, including a size-selective inlet; a condensational growth unit; a series of two virtual impactors (concentrators); a thermal size restoration device; an air cooler; and a size-selective outlet. Ambient ultrafine particles are condensationally grown to supermicrometer sizes and then are concentrated by a factor of 40 to 50 using a two-stage virtual impactor. Subsequently, ultrafine particle size distribution is restored, using a thermal method. The Harvard ultrafine concentrated ambient particle system (HUCAPS) delivers 58 lpm of concentrated aerosol that can be used for in vivo or in vitro inhalation toxicological studies. Overall, pressure drop through the system is only 2.2 kPa, which is adequately low for inhalation toxicological exposure tests. The performance of this system was evaluated using single-component artificial aerosols with a variety of physicochemical properties as well as ambient air. These experiments showed that for an optimum supersaturation ratio of 3.0, all ultrafine particles grow and get concentrated by about the same enrichment factor, regardless of their composition and surface properties.
Mathematical Modeling of Sunflower Seed Extraction by Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (1997)

Extraction of oil from crushed sunflower seeds with supercritical CO2 was performed at 280 bar and 40 °C on a laboratory apparatus of 0.15 × 10-3 m3 volume and on a pilot plant of 1.5 × 10-3 m3 volume. CO2 flow rate ranged between 5 and 45 kg h-1. To study the influence of the vegetable matrix on the extraction rate, a re-extraction experiment on the extraction product was also performed on the pilot scale apparatus. A mathematical model of the supercritical extraction process was developed on the basis of the experimental evidence. The equilibrium between the solids and the fluid phase appeared to be the controlling step during the extraction process. A simplified form of a sigmoidal-shaped equilibrium curve was adopted to fit the experimental data in the whole range of CO2 flow rates explored. The meaning of this nonlinear equilibrium relationship was also discussed.
Specifying interdatabase dependencies in a multidatabase environment (1991)

The problem of interdatabase dependencies and the effect they have on applications updating interdependent data are addressed. A model that allows specifications of constraints among multiple databases in a declarative fashion is proposed. The separation of the constraints from the application programs facilitates the maintenance of data constraints and allows flexibility in their implementation. It allows investigation of various mechanisms for enforcing the constraints, independently of the application programs. By grouping the constraints together, it is possible to check their completeness and discover possible contradictions among them. The concepts of polytransactions, which use interdatabase dependencies to generate a series of related transactions that maintain mutual consistency among interrelated databases, is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tracing vs. Partial Evaluation (2015)

Tracing and partial evaluation have been proposed as meta-compilation techniques for interpreters to make just-in-time compilation language-independent. They promise that programs executing on simple interpreters can reach performance of the same order of magnitude as if they would be executed on state-of-the-art virtual machines with highly optimizing just-in-time compilers built for a specific language. Tracing and partial evaluation approach this meta-compilation from two ends of a spectrum, resulting in different sets of tradeoffs.This study investigates both approaches in the context of self-optimizing interpreters, a technique for building fast abstract-syntax-tree interpreters. Based on RPython for tracing and Truffle for partial evaluation, we assess the two approaches by comparing the impact of various optimizations on the performance of an interpreter for SOM, an object-oriented dynamically-typed language. The goal is to determine whether either approach yields clear performance or engineering benefits. We find that tracing and partial evaluation both reach roughly the same level of performance. SOM based on meta-tracing is on average 3x slower than Java, while SOM based on partial evaluation is on average 2.3x slower than Java. With respect to the engineering, tracing has however significant benefits, because it requires language implementers to apply fewer optimizations to reach the same level of performance.
Informative and Uninformative Regions Detection in WCE Frames (2014)

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is relatively a new device which investigates the entire gastrointestinal (GI). About 55000 frames are captured during an examination (two frames per second). Thus, it is beneϐicial to ϐind an automatic method to detect diseases frames or regions of a frame. The WCE videos have lots of uninformative regions (such as intestinal juice, bubbled, and dark regions); therefore, preprocessing is useful and necessary in diseases detection. In this paper, three practical methods are introduced to detect the informative and uninformative regions in a frame. In order to achieve this goal, morphological operations, fuzzy k-means, sigmoid function, statistic features, Gabor ϐilters, Fisher test, neural network, and discriminators in the HSV color space are used to detect uninformative regions (do not carry clinical information) in a frame. Our experimental results indicate that precision, sensitivity, accuracy, and speciϐicity are respectively 97.76%, 97.80%, 98.15%, and 98.40% in the ϐirst method, 93.32%, 84.60%, 91.05%, and 95.67%, respectively in the second one, and 93.32%, 84.60%, 91.05%, and 95.67%, respectively in the third method.
Cardiac arrhythmia recognition with robust discrete wavelet-based and geometrical feature extraction via classifiers of SVM and MLP-BP and PNN neural networks (2015)

Introduction: An ECG signal has important information that can help for reflecting cardiac activity of a patient and medical diagnosis. Consistent or periodical heart rhythm disorders can result cardiac arrhythmias so classification algorithm for recognizing arrhythmias with satisfactory accuracy is necessary.
WebCiao: A Website Visualization and Tracking System. (1997)

WebCiao is a system for visualizing and tracking the structures of websites by creating, differencing, and analyzing archived website databases. The architecture of WebCiao allows users to create customized website analysis tools by combining a set of query and analysis operators on a virtual database pipeline. Each virtual database sent on the pipe can be converted to directed graphs, database views, or HTML reports. Within a graph view, operators can be fired from any graph node to study a selected neighborhood. WebCiao helps creators of large websites to monitor the dynamics of structural changes closely. It also helps web surfers to quickly identify new products and services from a website. An on-line demo, Website News, based on the WebCiao technology, has helped sharpen our focus with its daily analysis of new web contents from the internet and telecommunications industries. 1. Introduction The complexity and ever-changing nature of major websites are presenting problems to both...
Alpha particle emitters in medicine (1989)

Radiation-induced cancer of bone, liver and lung has been a prominent harmful side-effect of medical applications of alpha emitters. In recent years, however, the potential use of antibodies labeled with alpha emitting radionuclides against cancer has seemed promising because alpha particles are highly effective in cell killing. High dose rates at high LET, effectiveness under hypoxic conditions, and minimal expectancy of repair are additional advantages of alpha emitters over antibodies labeled with beta emitting radionuclides for cancer therapy. Cyclotron-produced astatine-211 ({sup 211}At) and natural bismuth-212 ({sup 212}Bi) have been proposed and are under extensive study in the United States and Europe. Radium-223 ({sup 223}Ra) also has favorable properties as a potential alpha emitting label, including a short-lived daughter chain with four alpha emissions. The radiation dosimetry of internal alpha emitters is complex due to nonuniformly distributed sources, short particle tracks, and high relative specific ionization. The variations in dose at the cellular level may be extreme. Alpha-particle radiation dosimetry, therefore, must involve analysis of statistical energy deposition probabilities for cellular level targets. It must also account fully for nonuniform distributions of sources in tissues, source-target geometries, and particle-track physics. 18 refs., 4 figs.
Structure of the zinc-saturated C-terminal lobe of bovine lactoferrin at 2.0 Å resolution (2005)

The crystal structure of the zinc-saturated C-terminal lobe of bovine lactoferrin has been determined at 2.0 A resolution using crystals stabilized at pH 3.8. This is the first metal-saturated structure of any functional lactoferrin at such a low pH. Purified samples of proteolytically generated zinc-saturated C-terminal lobe were crystallized from 0.1 M MES buffer pH 6.5 containing 25%(v/v) polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether 550 and 0.1 M zinc sulfate heptahydrate. The crystals were transferred to 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer containing 25%(v/v) polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether 550 and the pH was gradually changed from 6.5 to 3.8. The X-ray intensity data were collected with a 345 mm imaging-plate scanner mounted on an RU-300 rotating-anode X-ray generator using crystals soaked in the buffer at pH 3.8. The structure was determined with the molecular-replacement method using the coordinates of the monoferric C-terminal lobe of bovine lactoferrin as a search model and was refined to an R factor of 0.192 for all data to 2.0 A resolution. The final model comprises 2593 protein atoms (residues 342-676 and 681-685), 138 carbohydrate atoms (from 11 monosaccharide units in three glycan chains), three Zn2+ ions, one CO3(2-) ion, one SO(4)2- ions and 227 water molecules. The overall folding of the present structure is essentially similar to that of the monoferric C-terminal lobe of bovine lactoferrin, although it contains Zn2+ in place of Fe3+ in the metal-binding cleft as well as two additional Zn2+ ions on the surface of the C-terminal lobe. The Zn2+ ion in the cleft remains bound to the lobe with octahedral coordination. The bidentate carbonate ion is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds to Ala465, Gly466, Thr459 and Arg463. The other two zinc ions also form sixfold coordinations involving symmetry-related protein and water molecules. The number of monosaccharide residues from the three glycan chains of the C-terminal lobe was 11, which is the largest number observed to date. The structure shows that the C-terminal lobe of lactoferrin is capable of sequestering a Zn2+ ion at a pH of 3.8. This implies that the zinc ions can be sequestered over a wide pH range. The glycan chain attached to Asn545 may also have some influence on iron release from the C-terminal lobe.