gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling critical channels in conservative parallel discrete event simulation (1999)

This paper introduces the Critical Channel Traversing (CCT) algorithm, a new scheduling algorithm for both sequential and parallel discrete event simulation. CCT is a general conservative algorithm that is aimed at the simulation of low-granularity network models on shared-memory multiprocessor computers. An implementation of the CCT algorithm within a kernel called TasKit has demonstrated excellent performance for large ATM network simulations when compared to previous sequential, optimistic and conservative kernels. TasKit has achieved two to three times speedup on a single processor with respect to a splay tree central-event-list based sequential kernel. On a 16 processor (R8000) Silicon Graphics PowerChallenge, TasKit has achieved an event-rate of 1.2 million events per second and a speedup of 26 relative to the sequential kernel for a large ATM network model. Performance is achieved through a multi-level scheduling scheme that supports the scheduling of large grains of computation even with low-granularity events. Performance is also enhanced by supporting good cache behavior and automatic load balancing. The paper describes the algorithm and its motivation, proves its correctness and briefly presents performance results for TasKit.
Clock synchronization in powerline networks (2005)

Although most aspects of clock synchronization are well investigated, most studies focus on high-speed, highly reliable and topologically stable networks. For the synchronization of a distributed system networked using powerline, however, essential modifications are needed in order to cope with the peculiar behaviour of power line as a communication medium. One of these special properties is the non-stable network topology caused by load balancing of the energy suppliers; another is the non-symmetric communication delay, as opposed to the common symmetry assumption in most state-of-the-art synchronization protocols. Finally, it is well understood that high-accuracy clock synchronization needs a very tight coupling of the protocol to the physical layer. This paper investigates a concept for synchronization in a powerline network and describes an approach which is taking advantage of a special clock synchronization hardware working closely together with a powerline physical layer.
A novel member of the STOMATIN/EPB72/mec-2 family, stomatin-like 2 (STOML2), is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to HSA chromosome 9p13.1 (2001)

A cDNA encoding a novel second member of the Band7/stomatin-like/SPFH domain family in humans designated stomatin-like 2 (STOML2) has been isolated using the technique of cDNA Representational Difference Analysis. The STOML2 cDNA encoded a 356 amino acid residue polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 38.5 kDa. The predicted polypeptide sequence of STOML2 could be delineated into three major domains: an N-terminal alpha-helical region; a domain with significant similarity to a 172 amino acid region of the HSA stomatin polypeptide, composed of an alternating alpha-helical and beta-sheet structure and a C-terminal domain that was mostly alpha-helical. The stomatin-like domain was observed in 51 other proteins with potentially diverse functions. Based on its homology to stomatin, STOML2 was predicted to be cytoplasmically located. However, unlike most of the other proteins containing stomatin-like domains, the predicted STOML2 polypeptide does not contain a transmembrane region although the presence of N-myristoylation sites suggest that it has the potential to be membrane-associated. Northern blot analysis of a panel of poly(A)(+) mRNA from normal human adult tissues showed that a single 1.3-kb mRNA transcript encoding STOML2 was ubiquitously expressed, with relatively higher levels in skeletal muscle and heart compared to other tissues. Comparison of the STOML2 cDNA sequence with human genomic DNA indicated that the gene encoding STOML2 was 3,250 bp long and consisted of ten exons interrupted by nine introns. We have mapped STOML2 to HSA chromosome 9p13.1, a region that is rearranged in some cancers and thought to contain the gene responsible for acromesomelic dysplasia.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZYL DERIVATIVES OF 3‐AMINO‐5‐PHENYL‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLE (1978)

Abstract Die auf klassischem Weg dargestellten Benzoylderivate (Ia)‐(IVa) werden mit LiAlH 4 zu den Benzylderivaten (Ib)‐(IVb) reduziert.
Polymer‐Mediated Mineralization and Self‐Similar Mesoscale‐Organized Calcium Carbonate with Unusual Superstructures (2008)

The growth of calcium carbonate (calcite) mesocrystals with self similar unique hierarchical superstructures is successfully realized by polymer-controlled crystallization. A mechanism involving the self-organization of smaller inorganic building blocks during the crystallization of calcium carbonate is proposed. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200701723_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Microbial Nanowire Electronic Structure Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2010)

We have studied the pilus nanowires expressed by the bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens, using high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). G. sulfurreducens is a metal reducing bacterium that has evolved electrically conductive pili to efficiently transfer electrons across large distances. Here we employ the electronic sensitivity of STM to resolve the molecular substructure and the local density of states along the nanowire, in an effort to elucidate the mechanism of conduction.
De Novo and Inherited Deletions of the 5q13 Region in Spinal Muscular Atrophies (1994)

Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) represent the second most common fatal autosomal recessive disorder after cystic fibrosis. Childhood spinal muscular atrophies are divided into severe (type I) and mild forms (types II and III). By a combination of genetic and physical mapping, a yeast artificial chromosome contig of the 5q13 region spanning the disease locus was constructed that showed the presence of low copy repeats in this region. Allele segregation was analyzed at the closest genetic loci detected by markers C212 and C272 in 201 SMA families. Inherited and de novo deletions were observed in nine unrelated SMA patients. Moreover, deletions were strongly suggested in at least 18 percent of SMA type I patients by the observation of marked heterozygosity deficiency for the loci studied. These results indicate that deletion events are statistically associated with the severe form of spinal muscular atrophy.
Enzyme Selectivity Analyses of Arylsulfonylamino Acid Aldose Reductase Inhibitors (1993)

Arylsulfonylamino acids, displaying a wide range of inhibitory activities versus rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), were analyzed for enzyme selectivity in several test systems. These RLAR inhibitors were found not to produce significant inhibition of genetically-linked reductases (aldehyde reductase, ALR), catalytically similar reductases (Pachysolen tannophilus xylose reductase, PTXR), functionally distinct oxidoreductases (glutathione reductase, GR, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, and gamma-transaminase, GABA-T), and thymidylate synthase (TS). These data suggest that aldose reductase differs significantly from other oxidoreductases in its inhibitor binding domain(s). Furthermore, the aldose reductase selectivity demonstrated by the arylsulfonylamino acids suggests that these compounds may not inhibit other key metabolic transformations in various cell types and that they may function as selective probes for studies of the relationship between aldose reductase mediated biochemical changes and the pathologies of chronic diabetes.
ALS as a distal axonopathy: molecular mechanisms affecting neuromuscular junction stability in the presymptomatic stages of the disease (2014)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is being redefined as a distal axonopathy, in that many molecular changes influencing motor neuron degeneration occur at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at very early stages of the disease prior to symptom onset. A huge variety of genetic and environmental causes have been associated with ALS, and interestingly, although the cause of the disease can differ, both sporadic and familial forms of ALS show a remarkable similarity in terms of disease progression and clinical manifestation. The NMJ is a highly specialized synapse, allowing for controlled signaling between muscle and nerve necessary for skeletal muscle function. In this review we will evaluate the clinical, animal experimental and cellular/molecular evidence that supports the idea of ALS as a distal axonopathy. We will discuss the early molecular mechanisms that occur at the NMJ, which alter the functional abilities of the NMJ. Specifically, we focus on the role of axon guidance molecules on the stability of the cytoskeleton and how these molecules may directly influence the cells of the NMJ in a way that may initiate or facilitate the dismantling of the neuromuscular synapse in the presymptomatic stages of ALS.
Release and Deposition of Clays in Sandstones (1985)

ABSTRACT An attempt is made to prescribe conditions under which deposition or release of physically adhering clay particles occurs on pore walls in sandstones. Quantitative models for the physicochemical interactions between clay particles and pore walls are used to estimate rates of deposition and release in a single pore. It is found that the rates change rapidly from zero to a finite value governed only by the local Peclet number. This makes it possible to delineate regions in the ψ1 – ψ2 phase plane where deposition or release dominates. The onset of clay release or deposition is determined by these surface chemical parameters. However in the deposition or release dominated regimes, the actual rates are shown to be only functions of fluid pore velocity. Since the surface electrostatic potentials ψ1 and ψ2 are crucial in determining the onset of deposition or release, they were experimentally measured. Ottawa sand, kaolin, and fired and unfired Berea sandstone samples were studied. The sandstone samples were disaggregated and separated into the oxide fraction and the clay fraction. Surface charges were measured on each as a function of pH and ionic strength. These experimental results in conjunction with the regions of deposition and release in the ψ1 – ψ2 phase plane were used to construct stability diagrams. The stability diagrams delineate regions in the pH – ionic strength phase plane where clays will be released from pore walls. These regions are referred to as regions of instability for the sandstone. The results obtained for Berea sandstone agree well with those reported earlier. Similar stability diagrams can be constructed when other species such as polyvalent cations or anions are present in the system. Some experimental results are provided here towards this end.
The Surface Tension and the Density of Molten Binary Alkali Carbonate Systems (1999)

The surface tension and the density of molten Li2CO3-X2CO3 (X : Na, K, Rb, and Cs) and Na2CO3-Y2CO3 (Y : K, Rb, and Cs) binary carbonate systems were measured using maximum bubble pressure technique. The addition of Rb2CO3 or Cs2CO3 to Li2CO3 or Na2CO3 effectively decreases the surface tension of mixtures. At constant temperature, the relationship between surface tension and composition in all binary carbonate systems was well correlated by the Guggenheim’s Equation for regular solution. The molar volume of Li2CO3-Rb2CO3 and Li2CO3-Cs2CO3 systems shows positive deviation from additivity.
Placing the Participants of a Spatial Audio Conference Call (2010)

In teleconferencing calls it is difficult to identify the current talker, especially if the person is not well known. In addition, if more than one person is talking at the same time, none of them can be understood easily. In real meetings, however, these limitations are not relevant because humans hear spatially. They take advantage of the "cocktail party effect" to distinguish speakers. In this publication, we assess a teleconferencing solution that we call 3D Telephony, which adds a virtual acoustic room simulation to IP based telephony, thereby achieving a spatial audio experience. We have conducted subjective listening tests of a 3D audio rendering engine to study the impact of the participant's locations in a virtual environment on sound quality, understandability and locatability. Our listening test results show some interesting findings. We identified placements, in which listeners find it very easy to locate virtual talkers and in which their success rate in locating two simultaneous virtual talkers is nearly perfect.
Comparison Between Percutaneous and Subcutaneous Routes of Administration of Apomorphine in Rabbit (1994)

Apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously and percutaneously to rabbit in order to compare the pharmacokinetic data obtained according these two different routes. For the percutaneous administration, an apomorphine gel was prepared by dissolution of apomorphine in an hydroxypropylmethylcellulose gel of medium viscosity. The evaluation of plasma levels after percutaneous route showed an absorption in all the animals. The time to peak plasma concentration (29.4 +/- 7.8 min) was close than after the subcutaneous route (25.8 +/- 4.9 min). The absorption of apomorphine was of 90% at minute 68 and minute 321 min after the subcutaneous and the percutaneous route, respectively. The peak plasma concentration and the area under the curve were significantly greater with the subcutaneous route. The bioequivalence of the percutaneous route was 35% of the subcutaneous administration. Those data suggested that the percutaneous route of apomorphine could be evaluated in humans to test its efficacy in the treatment of motor fluctuations in parkinsonian patients.
The Lime Industry’s Problem of Airborne Dust (1969)

Informative Report No. 10 dealing with the lime industry’s problem of airborne dust is one of a series of survey reports prepared by PCA’s TI-2 Chemical Committee on air pollution problems and control measures encountered in the chemical industry today.
Materialised view construction in data warehouse for decision making (2012)

A data warehouse contains historical and summarised data that grows, almost, exponentially with time. It provides a uniform platform for posing decision support queries. These queries are usually analytical and complex in nature and, when processed against a large data warehouse, consume a lot of processing time resulting in an increased query response time. This time can be reduced by using materialised views, which pre-compute the most frequently accessed information and stores them in a data warehouse. In this paper, an algorithm to construct materialised views using previously posed, optimal, user queries on the data warehouse, is proposed. This algorithm defines a heuristic that maximally merges the optimal queries to construct a single materialised view. These materialised views are capable of providing meaningful information for a given future query. Further, experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the materialised views with respect to the query response time. The experimental results show that materialised views so constructed are capable of answering future user queries in a reduced response time. This would enable effective and efficient decision-making.
Multicarrier ds-cdma: a multiple access scheme for ubiquitous broadband wireless communications (2003)

We identify some of the key problems that may be encountered when designing a broadband multiple access system with bandwidth on the order of tens or even hundreds of megahertz. We commence with a comparative discussion in terms of the characteristics of three typical code-division multiple access schemes: single-carrier direct-sequence CDMA (SC DS-CDMA), multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), and multicarrier DS-CDMA (MC DS-CDMA). Specifically, their benefits and deficiencies are analyzed when aiming to support ubiquitous communications over a variety of channels encountered in indoor, open rural, suburban, and urban environments. It is shown that when communicating in such diverse environments, both SC DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA exhibit certain limitations that are hard to circumvent. By contrast, when appropriately selecting the system parameters and using transmit diversity, MC DS-CDMA becomes capable of adapting to such diverse propagation environments at a reasonable detection complexity.
Fluence to Dose Equivalent Conversion Factors Calculated With EGS3 for Electrons from 100 keV to 20 GeV and Photons from 11 keV to 20 GeV (1984)

The EGS3 Monte-Carlo electron-photon transport simulation package has been used to calculate dose equivalent per unit fluence vs depth curves for broad parallel beams of mono-energetic electrons, positrons and photons incident on a 30-cm-thick slab of ICRU four-element tissue. The electron kinetic energy range covered is 100 keV to 20 GeV and that for photons is 11 keV to 20 GeV. It was found that by making minor modifications, EGS3 is in reasonable agreement with other codes for electron energies down to 100 keV. Complete dose equivalent vs depth curves as a function of electron and photon energy are presented to allow proper calculations of the maximum dose equivalent for a mixed photon and electron spectrum since there are substantial variations in the locations of the peak dose equivalent. Explicit calculations demonstrate that l/r2 corrections give an accurate means to convert results for broad parallel beams to those for point source geometries. The relative contributions of various physical processes to the peak dose equivalent are presented.
Migrating legacy user interfaces to the Internet: shifting dialogue initiative (2002)

A critical problem in many businesses today is in reengineering legacy information systems to operate on the Internet. Migrating a sequentially structured program to the Internet requires restructuring it to be event-driven to accommodate a new Web-based user interface. The Model Oriented Reengineering Process for Human-Computer Interface (MORPH) technique and toolset were developed to automatically reengineer legacy character-oriented applications to graphical user interfaces. This paper explores the restructuring issues inherent in migrating legacy applications to the Internet, and how the MORPH technique assists in automating this process.
Effect of Captopril on Glucose Concentration: Possible Role of Augmented Postprandial Forearm Blood Flow (1990)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of captopril on plasma glucose concentration. The daily profiles of the plasma glucose levels were determined in 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetic normotensive subjects, treated with or without captopril at a dose of 25 mg 3 times/day. Forearm blood flow was also measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Administration of captopril improved the daily profile of the plasma glucose level. Postprandial forearm blood flow was also augmented 2 h after a meal. These results suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may improve glucose metabolism in diabetic subjects, possibly through enhancement of blood flow to skeletal muscle.
Observation of Incubation Times in the Nucleation of Silicon Nanowires Obtained by the Vapor–Liquid–Solid Method (2006)

We report the observation of a characteristic incubation time in the growth of silicon nanowires using the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. This incubation time manifests itself during the growth process as a characteristic time delay in the range of several seconds to minutes, prior to which no nanowires are formed. The observation is in excellent agreement with a theoretical model based on the diffusion of silicon through the catalyst, which predicts the presence of an incubation time, as determined by diffusion of the growth constituent through the solid catalyst. Furthermore the theoretical dependence of the incubation time on the activation energy is derived, and validated experimentally for the first time by measuring the incubation times of silicon nanowires obtained by chemical vapor deposition for both gold and copper as a catalyst. The experimentally observed incubation times are in excellent agreement with the theoretically predicted incubation times. The reported incubation times are a universal feature of vapor-liquid-solid growth and can be applied to any other metal/ semiconductor system for the synthesis of nanowires and provide a novel route to determine the phase space for nanowiresynthesis.
Electrochemical preparation of germane (2008)

Germane has been prepared through the electrochemical reduction of the germanate anion in alkaline solutions with a current efficiency of 40–45%. Active solution circulation in the cathodic zone and the use of an Sn or Cd cathode are shown to raise the germane yield. The current density and initial solution concentration have a weak effect on the reduction process.
Low Cost Endurance Test-pattern Generation for Multi-level Cell Flash Memory (2017)

A new endurance test-pattern generation on NAND-flash memory is proposed to improve test cost. We mainly focus on the correlation between the data-pattern and the device error-rate during endurance testing. The novelty is the development of testing method using quasi-random pattern based on device architectures in order to increase the test efficiency during time-consuming endurance testing. It has been proven by the experiments using the commercial 32 nm NAND flash-memory. Using the proposed method, the error-rate increases up to 18.6% compared to that of the conventional method which uses pseudo-random pattern. Endurance testing time using the proposed quasi-random pattern is faster than that of using the conventional pseudorandom pattern since it is possible to reach the target error rate quickly using the proposed one. Accordingly, the proposed method provides more lowcost testing solutions compared to the previous pseudo-random testing patterns.
Determination of trace lead impurities in pure copper slurry samples by electrothermal atomicabsorption spectrometry with molybdenum tube atomizer (2000)

\nA method for direct atomization of slurry sample by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry\n(SS-ETAAS) has been developed for the determination of trace lead impurities in commercially available\npure copper using laboratory-made molybdenum tube atomizer. Suitable charring temperature was set and\nmatrix element interference was checked. Lead standard solution in the glycerol-water medium as\ncalibration medium and ultrasonic agitation method of the suspension of the sample powder were used. \nTypical results of this direct slurry method and wet digestion were close and precision varies over the\nrange RSD 3.9 to 9.0 %. The recovery of Pb added was 98-102 %. Accuracy for certified copper sample\nagreed within 3 % range. Limits of detection were 34 fg Pb (3S/N), and characteristic mass 170 fg Pb. The\nmethod offers rapid calibration, simplified and fast analysis of lead in pure copper at lower cost. \n