gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bubble Razor: An architecture-independent approach to timing-error detection and correction (2012)

Several methods that eliminate timing margins by detecting and correcting transient delay errors have been proposed. These Razor-style systems replace critical flip-flops with ones that detect late arriving signals, and use architectural replay to correct errors. However, none of these methods have been applied to a complete commercial processor due to their architectural invasiveness. In addition, these Razor techniques introduce significant hold time constraints that are difficult to meet given worsening timing variability. To address these two issues we propose Bubble Razor (B-Razor), which uses a novel error-detection technique based on two-phase latch timing and a local replay mechanism that can be inserted automatically in any design. The error detec tion technique breaks the dependency between minimum delay and speculation window, restoring hold-time constraints to conventional values and allowing timing speculation of up to 100% of nominal delay. The large timing specula tion makes Bubble Razor especially applicable to low-voltage designs where tim ing variation grows exponentially.
Theory of magnetic imaging by force microscopy (1988)

A new method to obtain information about local surface magnetic properties has been proposed recently. This new technique is based on the idea of measuring magnetic forces with a scanning tunneling force microscope. In this work we present a theoretical analysis of the relevant forces involved in magnetic force microscopy. Recent experiments with high-resolution images of laser-written domains in a magnetic thin film are discussed.
Bisphosphonates in Chronic Kidney Disease; Balancing Potential Benefits and Adverse Effects on Bone and Soft Tissue (2008)

Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is often associated with increased vascular stiffness and calcification. Recent studies have suggested a complex interaction between vascular calcification and abnormalities of bone and mineral metabolism, with an inverse relationship between arterial calcification and bone mineral density (BMD). Although osteoporosis is recognized and treated in CKD 1 to 3, the interpretation of BMD levels in the osteoporotic range is controversial in CKD 4, 5, and 5D when renal osteodystrophy is generally present. In addition, there is a paucity of data for patients with CKD mineral and bone disorder (MBD), because studies using bisphosphonates in postmenopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis have generally excluded patients with significant CKD. For these patients, treatment of low BMD using standard therapies for osteoporosis is not without potential for harm due to the possibility of worsening low bone turnover, osteomalacia, mixed uraemic osteodystrophy, and of exacerbated hyperparathyroidism; and bisphosphonates should only be used selectively and with caution. Some experimental and clinical studies have also suggested that bisphosphonates may reduce progression of extra-osseous calcification and inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. The authors review the potential benefits and risks associated with bisphosphonate use for bone protection in CKD, and assess their effect on vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.
Translational enhancement of the poliovirus 5' noncoding region mediated by virus-encoded polypeptide 2A. (1992)

Genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that the 5' noncoding region of poliovirus mediates translation of the viral mRNA by an unusual mechanism involving entry of ribosomes in internal sequences of mRNA molecules. We have found that mRNAs bearing the 5' noncoding region of poliovirus were translated at an enhanced rate in poliovirus-infected mammalian cells at a time when translation of cellular mRNAs was not yet inhibited. This translational enhancement of the polioviral 5' noncoding region was mediated by the expression of virus-encoded polypeptide 2A. This indicates that 2A is a multifunctional protein involved directly or indirectly in the activation of viral mRNA translation, in addition to its known roles in viral polyprotein processing and in inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. Thus, 2A represents an activator of translation of a viral mRNA that is translated by an internal ribosome binding mechanism. A likely consequence of this role of 2A is the efficient translation of viral mRNAs early in the infectious cycle, when host cell mRNAs can still compete with viral mRNAs for the host cell translation apparatus.
Fabrication and Catalytic Properties of Palladium Nanoparticles Deposited on a Silanized Asymmetric Ceramic Support (2011)

We developed an improved fabrication technique for the deposition of palladium nanoparticles on a ceramic membrane support in which the support surface was silanized with amino-functional silane. In the present work, the ceramic membrane support was used for catalyst immobilization only. The as-fabricated Pd-loaded ceramic membrane support was extensively characterized by ICP emission spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM, EDS, XPS, HRTEM, and TPR, and its catalytic properties were tested in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. A comparative study was also made with palladium nanoparticles deposited on the ceramic membrane support without silanization. Higher catalytic activity and stability were observed for the palladium nanoparticles deposited on the surface-silanized ceramic membrane support. The reason proposed for the higher catalytic activity is the higher dispersion of the palladium nanoparticles. The palladium nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface-silanized ceramic membrane support with chemical bonds; thus, it was not easy for the palladium nanoparticles to detach from the silanized membrane support, and a superior catalytic stability could be obtained.
Effect of Temperature-Sensitive Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Preparations and Routes of Inoculation on Resistance of White Leghorns to Challenge (1986)

One-week-old chickens were vaccinated with live or formalin-killed temperature-sensitive (TS) Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) either intranasally (IN) or subcutaneously (SQ). Live TS MG protected chickens against S6 strain challenge directly into the air sacs, regardless of route of vaccination. Killed MG, however, protected chickens only when administered SQ. Antibody to MG was detected in sera and in the tracheal and air-sac washings of only the chickens given live vaccine IN. The antibody present in tracheal and air-sac washings may be one of the mechanisms that play a role in resistance to MG challenge.
Multibit oversampled DAC with dynamic matching of current sources (1991)

Conventional binary-weighted and oversampling techniques are very popular methods of performing D/A conversions. However, the accuracy required in the component matching limits the resolution obtainable with a binary-weighted converter to approximately 8 bits, unless very sophisticated techniques (including selfcalibration) are used. Moreover, the resolution which can be achieved with an oversampled converter is limited by the oversampling factor actually obtainable for a predetermined signal bandwidth with any given integration technology. This paper presents a novel combined conversion approach, which takes advantage of the positive features of both the above techniques. The most significant bits (MSBs) are converted with the binary-weighted technique, while the least significant bits (LSBs) are converted with the oversampling technique.
Energy Management and Control of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (2014)

Abstract Charging infrastructure is an important component for the healthy growth of the electric vehicle industry. This article presents an energy management and control study of an electric vehicle charging station. The charging station consists of an AC/DC converter for grid interface and multiple DC/DC converters for electric vehicle battery management. For the grid-side AC/DC converter, a direct-current control mechanism is employed for reactive power, AC system bus voltage, and DC-link voltage control. For the electric vehicle-side DC/DC converters, constant current and constant voltage control mechanisms are developed for electric vehicle charging and discharging management. The article considers energy management needs for charge and discharge of multiple electric vehicles simultaneously in a dynamic price framework. A real-time simulation system is developed to evaluate how the electric vehicle charging station can meet grid-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-grid, and vehicle-to-vehicle charging and discharging requirements.
Tailoring the Current-Driven Domain Wall Motion by Varying the Relative Thickness of Two Heavy Metal Underlayers (2018)

Current-driven domain wall motion (DWM) in heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM)/oxide heterogeneous structures has attracted strong research interests due to its potential applications in novel magnetic memory and logic devices. It has been reported that current-driven DWM can be either along or against the current direction depending on the selection of HM and/or FM materials. Here, we study the current-driven DWM in a perpendicularly magnetized system with two HM underlayers (Pt and W) that are of opposite spin Hall angles. Instead of changing the material, it is observed that domain walls can move along opposite directions by varying the relative thickness of the two underlayers. We attribute such phenomenon to the competition of two spin currents with opposite signs of spin polarization injected into the ferromagnetic layer. More evidence is shown by the spin Hall effect-induced switching under a fixed in-plane field, where opposite switching behaviors are observed for devices with different relative thicknesses of the underlayers.
Thermal fluorine atom reactions with 3-chloropropene (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal fluorine atom reactions with 3-chloropropeneR. Subramonia Iyer, Lisa Vasi, and F. Sherwood RowlandCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 23, 5051–5057Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100269a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100269a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Type I Signal Peptidase and Protein Secretion in<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (2010)

Bacterial protein secretion is a highly orchestrated process that is essential for infection and virulence. Despite extensive efforts to predict or experimentally detect proteins that are secreted, the characterization of the bacterial secretome has remained challenging. A central event in protein secretion is the type I signal peptidase (SPase)-mediated cleavage of the N-terminal signal peptide that targets a protein for secretion via the general secretory pathway, and the arylomycins are a class of natural products that inhibit SPase, suggesting that they may be useful chemical biology tools for characterizing the secretome. Here, using an arylomycin derivative, along with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we identify 11 proteins whose secretion from stationary-phase Staphylococcus epidermidis is dependent on SPase activity, 9 of which are predicted to be translated with canonical N-terminal signal peptides. In addition, we find that the presence of extracellular domains of lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS) and the β-lactam response sensor BlaR1 in the medium is dependent on SPase activity, suggesting that they are cleaved at noncanonical sites within the protein. In all, the data define the proteins whose stationary-phase secretion depends on SPase and also suggest that the arylomycins should be valuable chemical biology tools for the study of protein secretion in a wide variety of different bacteria.
High-resolution multicomponent distributed acoustic sensing (2017)

The usage of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) in geophysics is attractive due to its dense spatial sampling and low operation cost if the optical fiber is easily accessible. In the borehole environment, optical fibers for DAS are often readily available as a part of other sensing tools, such as for temperature and pressure. Although the DAS system promises unlimited potential for reservoir monitoring and surface seismic acquisition, the single axial strain measurement of DAS along the fiber is inadequate to fully characterize the different wave modes, thus making reservoir characterization di cult. We propose a configuration using five equally spaced helical optical fibers and a straight optical fiber to obtain six different strain projections. This system allows us to reconstruct all components of the 3D strain tensor at any given location along the fiber. Using the condition number of the matrix product of the averaging and projection matrices, we can systematically search for the optimum design parameters for our configuration. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method to successful reconstruction of the six component strain tensor from wavefields of arbitrary complexity. Presentation Date: Thursday, September 28, 2017 Start Time: 9:45 AM Location: 362D Presentation Type: ORAL
Modelling natural soils using structured cam clay (2009)

A simple predictive model, referred to as Structured Cam Clay (SCC), was proposed recently by the authors. SCC was formulated for representing the mechanical behaviour of natural soils. In this paper, the main concepts and the formulation of the SCC are described and an extension of SCC for predicting the behaviour of artificially cemented clays is also presented. SCC is then used to predict the behaviour of structured soils in `single element' compression and shearing tests. It is seen that the new model provides satisfactory qualitative and quantitative modelling of many important and unique features of the behaviour of structured soils. By using this model in finite element calculations, the response of footings founded on structured soils to loading is obtained. Some guidelines are also given to identify the importance of the structural features of the soil in determining the response of the footing. The new model is shown to be a powerful tool for geotechnical practitioners engaged in engineering design.
Plant Regeneration from Callus-derived Protoplasts of Asparagus (1989)

Abstract Donor callus cells for protoplasts were initiated from mature plants of four selected crowns of asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) by placing spear slices on solidified Murashige and Skoog salts and vitamins medium (MS) with 3% sucrose + (in mg·liter −1 ): 1.0 NAA + 1.2 2,4-D + 0.9 BA or 1.0 kinetin + 2.5 2,4-D. Callus derived from these explants was further subcultured on the same medium. Optimum protoplast yields were enzymatically obtained from such calluses 10 to 20 days after subculture. Of the isolated protoplasts 65% to 75% were viable, and when plated in modified Kao and Michayluk medium at 5 × 10 4 or 10 5 /ml densities, had 6.5% and 7.3% plating efficiencies, respectively. Protoplast isolations had 0.81% to 1.4% cells present that were not observed subsequently to undergo division. Only the cells of protoplasts of ‘Jersey Giant crown No. 8’ divided during 8 weeks to form microcalluses. After transfer and culture for an additional 4 to 5 weeks on solidified MS + (in mg·liter −1 ): 0.1 NAA + 1.0 kinetin, shoots regenerated at 28% efficiency. Shoots were rooted at 50% efficiency on solidified MS + (in mg·liter −1 ): 0.3 NAA + 0.7 kinetin + 2.1 ancymidol + 4% sucrose. The rooted plants were readily transferred to the greenhouse. Chemical names used: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), N -(phenylmethyl)-1 H -purin-6-amine (BA), N -(2-furanylmethyl)-1 H -purin-6-amine (kinetin), α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol).
Progress In Crosslinked Nonlinear Optical Polymers (1990)

Nonlinear optical (NLO) waveguide devices based on currently available Inorganic second order NLO crystals such as lithium niobate are playing an Increasingly important role in modern optoelectronics technology, particularly when high speed modulation or switching is required {1}. Newly emerging polymeric second order NLO materials have the potential to supplant Inorganic crystals as the materials of choice for these applica­tions due to their intrinsic high figures of merit, compatibility with large low cost substrates, and tremendous advantages for fabrication of complicated structures.
Nanosilica-Based Loss Circulation Composition to Cure Moderate to Severe Losses (2021)

Abstract The loss circulation composition comprising a combination of a nanoparticle-based dispersion and a chemical activator has been designed to treat moderate to severe losses. The nanomaterial used is an environmentally friendly nanosilica-based dispersion. The composition is designed to give delayed gelling of the nanoparticle-based dispersion. A major advantage of this technology is its ability to place the composition into the target loss circulation zone before the nanoparticle-based dispersion gels up. Premature gelling of the nanoparticle-based dispersion would avoid premature setting of the treatment fluid before it reaches the target zone. The newly developed system can be used effectively up to 300 °F. In this paper, experiments have been performed with three different types of nanoparticles differing in their surface charges and particle sizes. Two negatively charged nanoparticle-based dispersions with a particle size of 5 nm and 17 nm, respectively, and one positively charged nanoparticle-based dispersion with a particle size greater than 17 nm have been evaluated as loss circulation materials. Two different types of chemical activators, one organic and the other inorganic, have been used in this study, and their effect on the gelling time has been evaluated. The gelling time experiments have been done at four different temperatures viz. 150 °F, 200 °F, 250 °F, and 300 °F. The effect of activator concentration and different shear rates on the gelling time of the three nanoparticle-based dispersions has been studied. Permeability plugging tests have been performed using 2 mm slotted disks to evaluate the effectiveness in controlling moderate to severe losses.
Survey de Tecnologías Grid (2008)

La grid es una tecnologia emergente que se perfila como el nuevo paradigma de computacion paralela y distribuida, apta para aplicaciones que requieran grandes recursos. En el proceso de definicion de este modelo han surgido una enorme variedad de propuestas y herramientas para el desarrollo e implementacion de grids y portales grid. El proposito de este trabajo es brindar un panorama actualizado del conocimiento sobre el tema, asi como una vision unificada de las tecnicas y herramientas mas aceptadas actualmente, de manera que sea entendible el universo de propuestas actuales para generar nuevos proyectos.
Hypotension produced by platelet-activating factor is reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (1984)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a vasoactive phospholipid implicated in anaphylactic reactions, causes severe hypotension in experimental animals that is highly resistant to pharmacological therapy. In the present studies, we showed that PAF (1 nmol/600 g body weight, IV) produced profound hypotension in unanesthetized guinea pigs that was promptly and completely reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (2 mg/kg, IV) or by the synthetic TRH analog MK771 (2 mg/kg, IV). TRH also reversed this hypotension when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) at a dose (0.02 mg/kg) that was systemically ineffective. The opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg) was less effective than TRH in reversing the cardiovascular consequences of PAF administration. These data suggest that TRH reverses PAF-induced shock through central receptor-mediated mechanisms. This therapeutic action of TRH may partially account for the beneficial cardiovascular effects of this peptide in anaphylactic shock.
Development and characterization of thermosetting‐thermoplastic polymer blends for applications in damage‐tolerant composites (1988)

Abstract Compatibility or miscibility of polyethersulfones (ICI: Victrex 100P and 300P) and a tetrafunctional epoxy (Ciba‐Geigy: MY‐720), cured with an aromatic anhydride, has been studied using scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray microanalysis, and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Fracture toughness of epoxy and blends of an epoxy and polyethersulfones has been measured using three‐point bend tests (ASTM: E‐399–81), and the energy release rate ( G IC ) for the three materials has been compared as a function of test temperature. Fracture surfaces were examined by x‐ray microanalysis for detecting concentration of sulfur, present in polyethersulfones, in the matrix and precipitated phase. The influence of morphology of epoxy/polyethersulfone blends on its fracture toughness and toughening mechanism has been studied. A toughening criterion is proposed.
Chloroquine and Chloroquinoline Derivatives as Models for the Design of Modulators of Amyloid Peptide Precursor Metabolism (2015)

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preventing deregulated APP processing by inhibiting amyloidogenic processing of carboxy-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs), and reducing the toxic effect of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides remain an effective therapeutic strategy. We report the design of piperazine-containing compounds derived from chloroquine structure and evaluation of their effects on APP metabolism and ability to modulate the processing of APP-CTF and the production of Aβ peptide. Compounds which retained alkaline properties and high affinity for acidic cell compartments were the most effective. The present study demonstrates that (1) the amino side chain of chloroquine can be efficiently substituted by a bis(alkylamino)piperazine chain, (2) the quinoline nucleus can be replaced by a benzyl or a benzimidazole moiety, and (3) pharmacomodulation of the chemical structure allows the redirection of APP metabolism toward a decrease of Aβ peptide release, and increased stability of APP-CTFs and amyloid intracellular fragment. Moreover, the benzimidazole compound 29 increases APP-CTFs in vivo and shows promising activity by the oral route. Together, this family of compounds retains a lysosomotropic activity which inhibits lysosome-related Aβ production, and is likely to be beneficial for therapeutic applications in AD.