gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolith froth reactor: Development of a novel three‐phase catalytic system (1995)

Abstract The monolith froth reactor, involving two‐phase flow and a monolith catalyst, is developed. The flow within monolith channels, consisting of trains of gas bubbles and liquid slugs, is produced by forming a two‐phase froth in a chamber immediately below the bottom of the monolith. The froth then flows upward into the monolith channels through pressure forces, which differs from previous methods since it may be carried out for a commercial‐scale reactor. Because the liquid film which develops between the gas phase and the surface of the catalyst is extremely thin, two‐phase flow within a monolith can provide reaction rates which are near their intrinsic values. Catalytic oxidation of aqueous phenol over copper oxide supported on γ‐Al 2 O 3 is used as a model reaction for investigating reactor performance. Generation of a froth is confirmed by visual inspection; the average bubble size is approximately that predicted by a force balance. The effect of externally controllable process variables (liquid and gas flow rates, temperature, and pressure) on the rate of phenol oxidation was investigated. Reaction rate increases with temperature or pressure increase and decreases with gas flow rate increase, achieving a maximum with respect to liquid flow rate. The activation energy calculated from the apparent reaction rate measured in the monolith froth reactor is similar to that of intrinsic value, suggesting minimal mass‐transfer limitations.
Waveform Synthesis for Diversity-Based Transmit Beampattern Design (2008)

Transmit beampattern design is a critically important task in many fields including defense and homeland security as well as biomedical applications. Flexible transmit beampattern designs can be achieved by exploiting the waveform diversity offered by an array of sensors that transmit probing signals chosen at will. Unlike a standard phased-array, which transmits scaled versions of a single waveform, a waveform diversity-based system offers the flexibility of choosing how the different probing signals are correlated with one another. Recently proposed techniques for waveform diversity-based transmit beampattern design have focused on the optimization of the covariance matrix of the waveforms, as optimizing a performance metric directly with respect to the waveform matrix is a more complicated operation. Given an , obtained in a previous optimization stage or simply pre-specified, the problem becomes that of determining a signal waveform matrix whose covariance matrix is equal or close to , and which also satisfies some practically motivated constraints (such as constant-modulus or low peak-to-average-power ratio constraints). We propose a cyclic optimization algorithm for the synthesis of such an , which (approximately) realizes a given optimal covariance matrix under various practical constraints. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
CD36-Facilitated Fatty Acid Uptake Inhibits Leptin Production and Signaling in Adipose Tissue (2007)

Leptin plays an important role in regulating energy expenditure in response to food intake, but nutrient regulation of leptin is incompletely understood. In this study using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we examined the role of fatty acid uptake in modulating leptin expression and production. Leptin levels are doubled in the CD36-null mouse, which has impaired cellular fatty acid uptake despite a 40% decrease in fat mass. The CD36-null mouse is protected from diet-induced weight gain but not from that consequent to leptin deficiency. Leptin secretion in the CD36-null mouse is strongly responsive to glucose intake, whereas a blunted response is observed in the wild-type mouse. This indicates that leptin regulation integrates opposing influences from glucose and fatty acid and loss of fatty acid inhibition allows unsuppressed stimulation by glucose/insulin. Fatty acid inhibition of basal and insulin-stimulated leptin release is linked to CD36-facilitated fatty acid flux, which is important for fatty acid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and likely contributes to the nutrient sensing function of adipocytes. Fatty acid uptake also may modulate adipocyte leptin signaling. The ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, an index of leptin activity, is increased in CD36-null fat tissue disproportionately to leptin levels. In addition, expression of leptin-sensitive fatty acid oxidative enzymes is enhanced. Targeting adipocyte CD36 may offer a way to uncouple leptin production and adiposity.
Über die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Blut und Sauerstoffbleichmitteln sowie über die Problematik von enzymatischen Vollwaschmitteln (1970)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung von Vollwaschmitteln auf Blut katalysiert das Hämoglobin den Zerfall von Perborat; denaturiertes Blut wird dabei fixiert. Cystinbrücken allein erklären die Fixierung nicht; die Abspaltung von H 2 S und nachfolgende Vernetzung über Doppelbindungen im Bluteiweiß sehen die Verfasser als wichtigen Vorgang an. Das fixierte Blut kann nur durch längere Einwirkung von Proteasen abgebaut werden; enzymatisches Einweichen in Abwesenheit von Perborat wirkt optimal. Die Schädigung der Enzyme durch Perborat ist kein entscheidender Faktor für die erschwerte Auswaschbarkeit mancher Blutverfleckungen durch enzymatische Vollwaschmittel.
GMM-based target classification for ground surveillance Doppler radar (2006)

An automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm, based on greedy learning of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is developed. The GMMs were obtained for a wide range of ground surveillance radar targets such as walking person(s), tracked or wheeled vehicles, animals, and clutter. Maximum-likelihood (ML) and majority-voting decision schemes were applied to these models for target classification. The corresponding classifiers were trained and tested using distinct databases of target echoes, recorded by ground surveillance radar. ML and majority-voting classifiers obtained classification rates of 88% and 96%, correspondingly. Both classifiers outperform trained human operators.
Integrated driving and readout circuits for orthogonal fluxgate sensor (2005)

This paper presents a CMOS integrated circuit (IC) for an orthogonal fluxgate sensor that is suitable for weak magnetic field measurement. The IC chip includes both driving and readout circuits. The driving circuit is able to deliver a pulse current up to 80 mA to drive the wires in the sensor core. The readout circuit employs a flux lock loop to accurately set the operating point of the sensor. A low-pass notch filter determines the bandwidth of the sensing system and rejects the 50-Hz interference. The measured total noise in the pass-band of 0.5-16 Hz is about 2.2 /spl mu/V. A minimum detectable magnetic field of 1.7/spl times/10/sup -9/ T without using the averaging has been achieved in the unshielded environment.
Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications (2017)

Research on block copolymers (BCPs) has played a critical role in the development of polymer chemistry, with numerous pivotal contributions that have advanced our ability to prepare, characterize, theoretically model, and technologically exploit this class of materials in a myriad of ways in the fields of chemistry, physics, material sciences, and biological and medical sciences. The breathtaking progress has been driven by the advancement in experimental techniques enabling the synthesis and characterization of a wide range of block copolymers with tailored composition, architectures, and properties. In this review, we briefly discussed the recent progress in BCP synthesis, followed by a discussion of the fundamentals of self-assembly of BCPs along with their applications.
Understanding customer relationship management (CRM) (2003)

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a combination of people, processes and technology that seeks to understand a company's customers. It is an integrated approach to managing relationships by focusing on customer retention and relationship development. CRM has evolved from advances in information technology and organizational changes in customer‐centric processes. Companies that successfully implement CRM will reap the rewards in customer loyalty and long run profitability. However, successful implementation is elusive to many companies, mostly because they do not understand that CRM requires company‐wide, cross‐functional, customer‐focused business process re‐engineering. Although a large portion of CRM is technology, viewing CRM as a technology‐only solution is likely to fail. Managing a successful CRM implementation requires an integrated and balanced approach to technology, process, and people.
Time‐Resolved Second Harmonic Generation Near‐Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (2003)

Time and space—with high resolution: Time-resolved second harmonic generation (TRSHG) signals produced via photoexcitation of carriers in ZnSe exhibit different relaxation rates depending upon carrier proximity to an interface; these rates can be controlled via one- versus two-photon excitation. When combined with near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM; see graphic), which can provide <100 nm spatial resolution, TRSHG measurements show carrier relaxation rates that are more typical of relaxation in proximity to an interface, owing to the shallow depth of field that is characteristic of NSOM measurements.
Comparison of DRP and TOC financial performance within a multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution environment (2003)

This paper propositioned and tested whether a heuristic based on Theory of Constraints logic could improve system financial performance beyond traditional supply chain methods in a multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution environment exhibiting seasonality and partial lost sales. A review of the literature was conducted about current distribution management and Theory of Constraints techniques. Next, field research was conducted with a major US manufacturer in order to capture the structure of its multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution system. The field research facilitated the development of a baseline computer simulation of a fully distributed inventory system with orders planned by Distribution Resource Planning. That model served as the basis for development of comparative multi-echelon distribution models, one employing partial centralization of inventory with orders planned by Distribution Resource Planning, the other two models employing a Theory of Constraints-based heuristic for buffering and inventory replenishment. Simulation results show the Theory of Constraints-based systems are more effective on a financial basis when considering inventory carrying costs, retail-level transhipment and obsolescence expenses than either the existing distributed inventory system or the partially centralized system when orders are based on Distribution Resource Planning logic.
ARCHGEN: Automated synthesis of analog systems (1995)

High-level design of analog systems is an open area that needs to be addressed with the emerging trend of integrating mixed analog-digital systems. Design methods compatible across the analog-digital boundaries would expedite the design process, and in this paper we address analog high-level design issues. An approach for systems-level synthesis of a class of analog systems is presented. A behavioral level for the analog domain is characterized in terms of state equations and transfer functions in the continuous and discrete domains. State-space representations are generated from transfer function specifications that exhibit system level characteristics such as controllability and observability as, well as decoupled and parallel architectures. These state-space representations are synthesized into behavioral-level, technology-independent architectures composed of analog functional components. An intermediate architecture in a circuit implementation technology is synthesized from the behavioral architecture. The various algorithmic procedures for synthesis are implemented in the program ARCHGEN. Behavioral simulation is used for architecture verification and design space exploration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High‐Areal‐Capacity Silicon Electrodes with Low‐Cost Silicon Particles Based on Spatial Control of Self‐Healing Binder (2015)

Systematic studies of the interactions between self-healing polymer and Si particles with particle size control leads to stable electrodes with high areal capacities of 3–4 mAh cm−2 for low-cost, large Si particles (0.5–1.5 μm in diameter). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Kinetic Studies with Transglutaminases (1972)

The transfer reaction of [14C]methylamine into the acetylated B chain of oxidized insulin as catalyzed by several transglutaminases has been studied at pH 7.5 in the presence of calcium ion. The only radioactive product of the transfer reaction with each transglutaminase was identified as peptide-bound γ-glutamic acid methylamide. Initial velocity and product inhibition patterns for the human plasma and guinea pig hair follicle transglutaminases are consistent with a ping-pong mechanism, previously proposed for guinea pig liver transglutaminase (F olk , J. E. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3707) in which acyl enzyme formed from peptide-bound glutamine may react with water (hydrolysis) or with a primary amine (transfer). Hydrolysis and isotope exchange in the presence of one substrate and one product add substantial support for this mechanism. The pattern of calcium activation of plasma transglutaminase in the transfer reaction is in accord with an equilibrium-ordered activation mechanism in which the first substrate, acetylated B chain of oxidized insulin, adds only to enzyme-metal complex. The similarity in the kinetic constants obtained for human plasma and platelet transglutaminases adds support to recent evidence that the catalytic subunits of the plasma and platelet zymogens and enzymes are closely related (S chwartz , M. L., P izzo , S. V., H ill , R. L., and M c K ee , P. A. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 5851). Improved purification procedures for plasma and platelet protransglutaminases are presented.
Localization and cell surface anchoring of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculation protein Flo1p (1997)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO1 gene encodes a large 1,536-amino-acid serine- and threonine-rich protein involved in flocculation. We have assessed the localization of Flo1p by immunoelectron microscopy, and in this study we show that this protein is located in the external mannoprotein layer of the cell wall, at the plasma membrane level and in the periplasm. The protein was also visualized in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the nuclear envelope, indicating that it was secreted through the secretory pathway. The protein was detected by Western blotting in cell wall extracts as a high-molecular-mass (>200 kDa) polydisperse material obviously as a result of extensive N and probably O glycosylation. Flo1p was extracted from cell walls in large amounts by boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that it is noncovalently anchored to the cell wall network. The membranous forms of Flo1p were shown to be solubilized by phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C treatment, suggesting that Flo1p is glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored to this organelle. The expression of truncated forms with the hydrophobic C-terminal domain deleted led to the secretion of the protein in the culture medium. The hydrophobic C terminus, which is a putative GPI anchoring domain, is therefore necessary for the attachment of Flo1p in the cell wall. Deletion analysis also revealed that the N-terminal domain of Flo1p was essential for cellular aggregation. On the whole, our data indicate that Flo1p is a true cell wall protein which plays a direct role in cell-cell interaction.
Complete amino acid sequence of a human platelet proteoglycan (1988)

The primary structure of a human platelet proteoglycan (P.PG) core was established by a combination of amino acid sequence analysis and cDNA cloning. The deduced 131 amino acid long protein contains eight Ser-Gly repeats. The significance of homologies observed between P.PG and promyelocytic leukemia cell line proteoglycans is discussed.
Highly efficient operation modes in GaN power transistors delivering upwards of 81% efficiency and 12W output power (2008)

This paper investigates the development of an inverse class-F design procedure for obtaining very high efficiency performance at high power levels. RF waveform engineering was used to obtain high efficiency inverse class-F waveforms at the device current-generator plane. Drain efficiencies above 81% have been achieved at 0.9 and 2.1GHz for a wide band-gap gallium nitride (GaN) HEMT transistor and 12W fundamental output power. Investigations into improvements in drain efficiency through increases in drain bias voltage have yielded drain efficiencies of up to 84% at 2.1GHz. To the author’s knowledge, the efficiencies presented in this study are the highest published, measured efficiencies of a high power GaN HEMT at these frequencies.
Thermotropic behavior of stratum corneum lipids containing a pseudo‐ceramide (1995)

The mechanism of the self-assembly of the lamellar structure of natural stratum corneum lipids (SCL) has been a subject of considerable interest. We have examined this question by using a synthetic pseudo-ceramide (sphingolipid E, SLE) which was analogous to the naturally occurring ceramide type 2. The thermotropic properties and the structural characteristics of SLE, together with other main components of SCL, fatty acids, and cholesterol, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray analysis. A mixture of SLE and stearic acid was in a stable alpha-form having a lamellar structure, which is very similar to that of natural SCL. However, lipid mixtures in which stearic acid were replaced by oleic acid did not form lamellar structures, and existed in the crystalline states. This indicates that the stable bilayer formation of the natural SCL is strongly dependent on the molecular fatty acid structure. Moreover, incorporation of cholesterol (0-50%) into equimolar mixtures of SLE/stearic acid and of SLE/oleic acid caused a marked decrease of melting entropies, while the aggregation states of both systems were not changed. This effect of cholesterol can be attributed to the disorder of the molecular packing. These results suggest that the hydrophobic interactions between the SCL are important for bilayer formation as are the hydrophilic interactions between the polar groups.
Structure of a photoionization layer in the solar chromosphere (1998)

Weinvestigatethestructureofapurephotoionization layerinthesolarchromosphereonthebasisofaonedimensional model in which an incident flux of EUV photons from above ionizes neutral hydrogen assumed to be flowing up with steady subsonic speeds from below. It is useful to analyze the structure equationinthephaseplaneofthehydrogendensity(orvelocity) and the ionizing photon flux. This shows that there is a unique critical solution which links the bottom of the layer to the top. Its structure is analogous to a classical constant pressure weak deflagration. The model is extended to include the ionization of minor species. In contradiction to previous work we note that one dimensional steady models are incapable of giving rise to a FIP (rst ionization potential) effect by virtue of the fact that in a collision{ dominated situation all minor species enter the layer at the hydrogen speed and exit at the proton speed and their fluxes are conserved.
Applications of virtual auditory displays (2002)

Current technology makes it possible to simulate naturally-occurring spatial auditory cues quite accurately. However, the cost of such a system is not justifiable, or even desirable, for all applications. This paper surveys some of the applications currently using virtual auditory displays and some of the issues important in the design of virtual auditory displays.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Triazole Derivatives Inhibiting Eosinophilia (1996)

In order to develop novel antiasthmatic agents based on a new mechanism of action, a series of 3-substituted 5-amino-1-[(methylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in a model in which eosinophilia was induced in the airway through intravenous (iv) injection of Sephadex particles on days 0, 2, and 5. After screening of several hundred derivatives, we finally identified the highly potent eosinophilia inhibitor 5-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[(methylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]-1H-tria zole (23c, GCC-AP0341), which had ID50 values of 0.3 and 0.07 mg/kg when administered orally (os) and intraperitoneally (ip), respectively. This compound showed complete inhibition of the hypersensitivity induced by ascaris inhalation at an ip dose of 1 mg/kg as well as low toxicity, with an LD50 value of > 2.0 g/kg in mice. Extensive study of its mechanism of action revealed that 23c inhibited eosinophil survival induced by interleukin-5 (IL-5), but had little or no effect on leukotriene D4 (LTD4) or platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced responses. Taken together, these results suggest 23c as a novel candidate for the treatment of chronic asthma. Further studies are now underway.
Potentiometric Titrations (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric TitrationsN. Howell FurmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1930, 2, 3, 213–224Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50071a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50071a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
On-Chip Single Plasmon Detection (2009)

Surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons) have the potential to interface electronic and optical devices. They could prove extremely useful for integrated quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate on-chip electrical detection of single plasmons propagating along gold waveguides. The plasmons are excited using the single-photon emission of an optically emitting quantum dot. After propagating for several micrometers, the plasmons are coupled to a superconducting detector in the near-field. Correlation measurements prove that single plasmons are being detected.