gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The chemopreventive compound curcumin is an efficient inhibitor of Epstein‐Barr virus BZLF1 transcription in Raji DR‐LUC cells* (2002)

To characterize the effects of inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, we established Raji DR-LUC cells as a new test system. These cells contain the firefly luciferase (LUC) gene under the control of an immediate-early gene promoter (duplicated right region [DR]) of EBV on a self-replicating episome. Luciferase induction thus serves as an intrinsic marker indicative for EBV reactivation from latency. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced the viral key activator BamH fragment Z left frame 1 (BZLF1) protein ("ZEBRA") in this system, as demonstrated by induction of the BZLF1 protein-responsive DR promoter upstream of the luciferase gene. Conversely, both BZLF1 protein and luciferase induction were inhibited effectively by the chemopreventive agent curcumin. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) further demonstrated that the EBV inducers TPA, sodium butyrate, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increased levels of the mRNA of BZLF1 mRNA at 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment in these cells. TPA treatment also induced luciferase mRNA with similar kinetics. Curcumin was found to be highly effective in decreasing TPA-, butyrate-, and TGF-beta-induced levels of BZLF1 mRNA, and of TPA-induced luciferase mRNA, indicating that three major pathways of EBV are inhibited by curcumin. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding to a cognate AP-1 sequence was detected at 6 h and could be blocked by curcumin. Protein binding to the complete BZLF1 promoter ZIII site (ZIIIA+ZIIIB) demonstrated several specific complexes that gave weak signals at 6 h and 12 h but strong signals at 24 h, all of which were reduced after application of curcumin. Autostimulation of BZLF1 mRNA induction through binding to the ZIII site at 24 h was confirmed by antibody-induced supershift analysis. The present results confirm our previous finding that curcumin is an effective agent for inhibition of EBV reactivation in Raji DR-CAT cells (carrying DR-dependent chloramphenicol acetyltransferase), and they show for the first time that curcumin inhibits EBV reactivation mainly through inhibition of BZLF1 gene transcription.
Methods for Reducing Load of Dynamic Scaling for Distributed Session Control Servers (2012)

We discuss the dynamic scaling of distributed session control servers. Dynamic scaling refers to changing the system configuration by servers dynamically joining or leaving. In session control servers, availability and real-time processing must be guaranteed. Therefore, dynamic scaling must be achieved while ensuring these requirements. We propose a cluster model that makes it possible for session control servers to achieve both scalability and dynamic scaling. One problem when a node joins a server cluster is that the lookup load that occurs when the new node takes over call states makes it impossible to continue processing. Consequently, this overload can reduce service reliability. We propose two methods for reducing the overload and describe their properties. We evaluated the methods in a set of experiments. The evaluation using a Session Initiation Protocol application revealed that dynamic scaling was efficient, which indicates the methods are effective in reducing look-up load.
Proteomic analysis of secreted membrane vesicles of archaeal Sulfolobus species reveals the presence of endosome sorting complex components (2008)

The crenarchaea Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus and S. tokodaii, release membrane vesicles into the medium. These membrane vesicles consist of tetraether lipids and are coated with an S-layer. A proteomic analysis reveals the presence of proteins homologous to subunits of the eukaryotic endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). Immunodetection of one of these homologs suggest a cell surface localization in intact cells. These data suggest that the membrane vesicles in Sulfolobus sp. emerge from a specific budding process with similarity to the endosomal sorting pathway.
[Prospects for use of iodine-free radiopaques for cholecystocholangiography]. (2008)

By using the compounds tantalum and lanthanum, a new radiopaque substance (ROS) was synthesized at the Institute for Chemistry of Solids, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Experiments on laboratory animals provided evidence that there was no acute or chronic toxicity of helium-based lanthanum orthotantalate. The specific radiopaque properties of the agent versus iodine- and barium-containing ROSs were studied in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The radiodiagnostic properties and locally irritant effect of the test ROS versus iodine-containing agents were evaluated in dogs at cholecystocholangiography.
Part 2: Treatments for Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease and Gut Dysbiosis. (2015)

Part 1 of this review discussed the connection between the human gut microbiota and health. Manipulation of the intestinal microbiota holds promise as a prospective therapy for gut dysbiosis, ameliorating symptoms of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases and restoring health. The concept of probiotics has existed for more than 100 y, and modern research methods have established sound scientific support for the perceived benefits of probiotic bacteria, which mainly include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. On the basis of these evidence-based functional approaches, dietary interventions that supplement the normal diet with probiotics or prebiotics are now considered as potentially viable alternatives or adjuncts to the use of steroids, immunosuppressants, and/or surgical interventions. Studies investigating the impact on gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); and systemic metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, in response to the use of probiotics and prebiotics are reviewed. Further, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is discussed as an exciting development in the treatment of gut dysbiosis using microbes.
<title>An Assortment Of Image Quality Indexes For Radiographic Film-Screen Combinations ---Can They Be Resolved?</title> (1972)

The following briefly summarizes the background on how the Bureau of Radiological Health became involved in the image analysis area. In October 1968 the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act, Public Law 90-602, gave the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and by delega-tion to the Food and Drug Administration new functions involving the radiation safety responsibility to control ionizing and nonionizing radiation emitted from electronic products. A majority of the responsibilities under the law have been redelegated to the Bureau of Radiological Health.
Pharmacological Effects of Retinoids on Skin Cells (1993)

Retinoids exert profound pleiotropic effects in skin, affecting many aspects of cell differentiation and proliferation. For this reason, retinoids have prominent pharmacological effects on major skin cells (keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, melanocytes, sebocytes) and have shown great potential as therapeutic agents in dermatology. In keratinocytes, retinoids induce proliferation, resulting in epidermal hyperplasia. Retinoids also modulate epidermal differentiation, however, many of the suppressive effects of retinoids observed in vitro do not occur in vivo. Dermal fibroblasts are important target cells of retinoids and are stimulated to produce extracellular matrix proteins, particularly when skin is damaged by wounding, ultraviolet radiation or glucocorticoids. Retinoids regulate pigmentation and can lighten hyperpigmented skin in animals and humans. Studies with cultured melanocytic cells show that tyrosinase activity is reduced by retinoids. The powerful sebosuppressive effect of some retinoids, such as 13-cis-retinoic acid, demonstrates that sebocyte differentiation is altered by retinoids. Retinoids inhibit proliferation and lipid synthesis in cultured human sebocytes and alter their keratin expression.
Structural Signature of the MYPT1−PP1 Interaction (2010)

Muscle relaxation is triggered by the dephosphorylation of Ser19 in the myosin regulatory light chain. This reaction is catalyzed by the holoenzyme myosin phosphatase (MP), which includes the catalytic subunit protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the regulatory targeting subunit (MYPT). MYPT1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) is responsible for both targeting the holoenzyme to subcellular compartments in the muscle and directing PP1 specificity toward myosin. To understand the molecular events leading to the MYPT1-PP1 holoenzyme formation, we used NMR spectroscopy to determine the structural and dynamic characteristics of unbound MYPT1. This allowed the conformations of MYPT1 in the free, unbound state to be directly compared to the PP1-bound state. Our results show that MYPT1(1-98) behaves like a two-domain protein in solution. The first 40 residues of MYPT1(1-98), the disordered region, are intrinsically disordered and highly dynamic, whereas residues 41-98, the folded ankyrin-repeat region, are well-structured and rigid. Furthermore, the integrated use of NMR and biophysical data enabled us to calculate an ensemble model for MYPT1(1-98). The most prominent structural feature of the MYPT1(1-98) ensemble is a 25% populated transient α-helix in the disordered region of MYPT1(1-98). This α-helix becomes fully populated when bound to PP1 and, as we show, likely plays a central role in the formation of the MYPT1-PP1 holoenzyme complex. Finally, this combined analysis shows that the structural and dynamic behaviors exhibited by MYPT1 for PP1 are distinct from those of any other previously analyzed PP1 regulatory protein. Collectively, these data enable us to present a new model of the molecular events that drive MYPT1-PP1 holoenzyme formation and demonstrate that there are structural differences in unbound PP1 regulators that have not been previously observed. Thus, this work adds significant insights to the currently limited data for molecular structures and dynamics of PP1 regulators.
A novel visual distortion sensitivity analysis for video encoder bit allocation (2005)

A novel video bit allocation technique adopting a visual distortion sensitivity model for better rate-visual distortion coding control is proposed in this paper. Instead of applying complicated semantic understanding, the proposed automatic distortion sensitivity analysis process analyzes both the motion and the texture structures in the video sequences in order to achieve better bit allocation for rate-constrained video coding. This analysis evaluates the tolerable perceptual distortions on a macroblock basis, and allocates fewer bits to regions permitting large perceptual distortions for rate reduction. The proposed algorithm can be incorporated into any existing video coding rate control schemes to achieve same visual quality at greatly reduced bitrate. Experiments based on H.264 show that this technique achieves bit-rate saving of up to 40% with no perceptual quality degradations. The experiments also demonstrate the inadequacy of using PSNR as a distortion measure in a video coding framework.
Biomechanical Analysis of Cervical Stabilization Systems (1994)

Front and back approaches, employing the anterior plate and posterior triple-wiring, and transpedicular screw fixation demonstrated clear biomechanical advantages when the extent of instability increased to three-column or multilevel. Three-column fixation for the cervical spine using transpedicular screw fixation offers increased stability over that of conventional cervical fixation systems, particularly in multiple level constructs.
Clupak Paper—A New Type of High-Stretch Paper—Its Manufacture and Performance (1959)

Ever since papermakers made the great change from handmade sheets to continuous-web paper machines, they have been trying to recapture some of the isotropic properties of paper they lost in the process. Machine-direction tensile strengths are often over twice as high as cross-machine direction tensile strength. Cross-machine direction stretch, on the other hand, is in the order of 3 to 5 per cent, whereas machine-direction stretch is rarely over 2 per cent. For many years one of the largest uses for paper has been in the packaging industry. In 1957, almost 800,000 tons of kraft paper were used in the multiwall sack field alone, and here it has been observed that those papers with the highest tensile strength have not always been the strongest or best in actual use. Increased extensibility, even at the expense of tensile strength, will many times insure better end-use performance. Creped papers, despite their lower tensile strength, and rough surface not conducive to good printing, find widespread use in the multiwall sack field. It is an established fact that high humidity produces higher paper stretch capacity and lower tensile strength. Conversely, with low relative humidity, tensile strength increases while stretch capacity decreases. Yet despite the increased tensile strength, multiwall sack breakage is higher in winter months when the relative humidity is lower. Therefore, the paper industry has been interested in the effects of stretch on paper behavior and in a means for producing increased stretch capacity, or extensibility in paper as an “on machine” operation. Interest in the advantages to be gained from increased extensibility is attested to by the number of patents issued for various means of inducing both machine-direction and cross-machine direction stretch in paper webs.
IFITM-Family Proteins: The Cell's First Line of Antiviral Defense (2014)

Animal cells use a wide variety of mechanisms to slow or prevent replication of viruses. These mechanisms are usually mediated by antiviral proteins whose expression and activities can be constitutive but are frequently amplified by interferon induction. Among these interferon-stimulated proteins, members of the IFITM (interferon-induced transmembrane) family are unique because they prevent infection before a virus can traverse the lipid bilayer of the cell. At least three human IFITM proteins-IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3-have antiviral activities. These activities limit infection in cultured cells by many viruses, including dengue virus, Ebola virus, influenza A virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and West Nile virus. Murine Ifitm3 controls influenza A virus infection in vivo, and polymorphisms in human <i>IFITM3</i> correlate with the severity of both seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Here we review the discovery and characterization of the IFITM proteins, describe the spectrum of their antiviral activities, and discuss potential mechanisms underlying these effects.
Alterations of polyamines in body fluids during pregnancy in rats. (1985)

Polyamines in plasma, urine, and amniotic fluid during pregnancy in rats were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Putrescine and spermidine in the plasma, and putrescine and spermine in the urine were elevated during pregnancy. The sharp increase in putrescine in the late stage of pregnancy in body fluids was particularly characteristic. Slight increases in plasma and urinary spermine levels were observed in the early stage of pregnancy. It was found that the administration of the steroid hormones, progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, and estriol, to virgin rats did not influence the concentrations of urinary polyamines, and that urinary putrescine levels did not rise in experimental IUGR rats, but they rose in the urine of the sham operation group. These data suggest that changes in polyamines in plasma, urine, and amniotic fluid were possibly subject to fetal growth and/or functional differentiation more than hormonal regulation during rat pregnancy.
Large hemispheric infarction, deterioration, and intracranial pressure (1995)

Neurologic deterioration from large hemispheric infarction with edema (LHIE) often leads to the use of therapies directed at decreasing intracranial pressure (ICP). Many of these ICP therapies can potentially accentuate tissue shifts from unilateral mass lesions and lead to rebound ICP elevations. We sought to determine whether ICP elevation is a common cause of deterioration from LHIE by measuring the initial ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in 19 patients deteriorating to stupor from LHIE within 3 hours of deterioration, after ruling out metabolic aberrations, medication side effects, infection, and seizures and prior to commencement of any ICP-lowering therapies. We evaluated 19 patients aged 23 to 77 years--14 with complete middle cerebral artery and five with complete internal carotid artery territory infarctions. Stupor began 59 +/- 37 hours after the stroke onset. ICP monitoring (12 ipsilateral Camino, five contralateral ventriculostomy, and two ipsilateral epidural) demonstrated elevation of ICP (> 15 mm Hg) in only five patients (26.3%), with group mean initial ICP = 13.4 +/- 10 mm Hg. Similarly, the initial CPP was diminished (< 55 mm Hg) in only two patients (10.5%), with group mean initial CPP = 74.9 +/- 14 mm Hg. Globally elevated ICP is not a common cause of initial neurologic deterioration from LHIE mass effect.
Iris authentication using privatized advanced correlation filter (2006)

his paper proposes a private biometrics formulation which is based on the concealment of random kernel and the iris images to synthesize a minimum average correlation energy (MACE) filter for iris authentication. Specifically, we multiply training images with the user-specific random kernel in frequency domain before biometric filter is created. The objective of the proposed method is to provide private biometrics realization in iris authentication in which biometric template can be reissued once it was compromised. Meanwhile, the proposed method is able to decrease the computational load, due to the filter size reduction. It also improves the authentication rate significantly compare to the advance correlation based approach [5][6] and comparable to the Daugmant's Iris Code [1].
Pseudorandom number generation on the GPU (2006)

Statistical algorithms such as Monte Carlo integration are good candidates to run on graphics processing units. The heart of these algorithms is random number generation, which generally has been done on the CPU. In this paper we present GPU implementations of three random number generators. We show how to overcome limitations of GPU hardware that affect the feasibility and efficiency of employing a GPU-based RNG. We also present a data flow model for managing and updating substream state for each of the parallel substreams of random numbers. We show that GPU random number generators will greatly benefit from having more outputs from each thread. We discuss other hardware modifications that will be beneficial to the implementation of GPU-RNG, and we present performance measurements of our implementations.
Preparation of Glucose Labeled with 20-Minute Half-Lived Carbon-11 (1971)

Carbon-11 is the longest lived carbon radioisotope that can be detected by γ-counting and carbon-11-labeled compounds have been advocated for use as in vivo tracers. This study shows that carbon-11-labeled glucose can be made by adopting the biosynthetic method used for synthesis of carbon-14-labeled glucose. The various steps in the procedure are summarized in a figure, and discussed with a view to maximize the final radiochemical yield.
Aromatic Residues Located Close to the Active Center Are Essential for the Catalytic Reaction of Flap Endonuclease-1 from Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii (2004)

Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) possessing 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-->3' exonuclease activity plays important roles in DNA replication and repair. In this study, the kinetic parameters of mutants at highly conserved aromatic residues, Tyr33, Phe35, Phe79, and Phe278-Phe279, in the vicinity of the catalytic centers of FEN-1 were examined. The substitution of these aromatic residues with alanine led to a large reduction in kcat values, although these mutants retained Km values similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. Notably, the kcat of Y33A and F79A decreased 333-fold and 71-fold, respectively, compared with that of the wild-type enzyme. The aromatic residues Tyr33 and Phe79, and the aromatic cluster Phe278-Phe279 mainly contributed to the recognition of the substrates without the 3' projection of the upstream strand (the nick, 5'-recess-end, single-flap, and pseudo-Y substrates) for the both exo- and endo-activities, but played minor roles in recognizing the substrates with the 3' projection (the double flap substrate and the nick substrate with the 3' projection). The replacement of Tyr33, Phe79, and Phe278-Phe279, with non-charged aromatic residues, but not with aliphatic hydrophobic residues, recovered the kcat values almost fully for the substrates without the 3' projection of the upstream strand, suggesting that the aromatic groups of Tyr33, Phe79, and Phe278-Phe279 might be involved in the catalytic reaction, probably via multiple stacking interactions with nucleotide bases. The stacking interactions of Tyr33 and Phe79 might play important roles in fixing the template strand and the downstream strand, respectively, in close proximity to the active center to achieve the productive transient state leading to the hydrolysis.
A new family of carbon materials: synthesis of MOF-derived nanoporous carbons and their promising applications (2012)

Nanoporous carbons possessing high surface area and narrow pore size distribution are among the most important classes of porous materials that are practically utilized in industries. Recently, several metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) have been demonstrated as promising precursors to create functional nanoporous carbons. In this highlight article, we briefly review the recent progress in preparation of these novel MOF-derived nanoporous carbons. Some promising applications in energy and environment-related areas and future outlook are also discussed.
Inter-strand photoproducts are produced in high yield within A-DNA exposed to UVC radiation (2003)

Far-UV irradiation of DNA leads to the dimerization of pyrimidine bases, resulting in the formation of cyclobutane type dimers and (6-4) photoproducts. In the dry state, an additional thymine dimeric photolesion, the spore photoproduct, is also generated. While most photoproducts are expected to be produced between adjacent pyrimidines, little attention has been paid to lesions involving bases located on different DNA strands. Using HPLC- mass spectrometry analysis of enzymatically digested DNA, we observed that, in the dry state, inter-strand dimeric photoproducts represented 30% of the total yield of dimeric thymine lesions. The major inter-strand damage was found to be the spore photoproduct. Formation of inter-strand lesions in significant yield could be obtained in solution upon modification of the DNA conformation as the result of the addition of large amounts of ethanol. In both cases, DNA is in the A-form, which is characterized by a high compaction, likely to favor inter-strand photoreactions. Since the latter DNA conformation is also predominant in bacterial spores, the formation and repair of dimeric photoproducts involving thymine bases located on different DNA strands may thus be relevant in terms of deleterious effects of UV radiation to the latter microorganisms.
The Radiopharmacist in Nuclear Medicine: Preparation of Technetium-99m Human Serum Albumin Macroaggregates (1969)

Nuclear medicine has hastened the development of a new subspecialty in pharmacy. A radiopharmacist can, along with the usual control functions, perform a valuable product development service. The results of a survey of a commercial 1-131 macroaggregate human serum albumin product and the development of a method for the production of 99m Tc macroaggregates are employed to illustrate this concept. A radiopharmacist should be a member of any nuclear medicine laboratory that produces radiopharmaceuticals.