gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development, optimization and implementation of the design for a centrifugal reverse-osmosis desalination system (1994)

A new method of sea water desalination, Centrifugal Reverse-Osmosis (CRO), is\ndeveloped from concept to patented design and functional prototype of capacity 11,355\nlitres of fresh water per day. CRO is shown to have significant benefits relative to the\nleading existing desalination technology, conventional reverse-osmosis. These benefits\ninclude: lower energy consumption, reduced initial and replacement membrane costs,\nlower noise levels and improved reliability. CRO is projected to show increasing cost\nefficiency as plant capacity increases. For a relatively large CRO plant, 65lm³ fresh\nwater per day, the total cost of desalinated water is projected to be 25.9% lower than the\ntotal cost of water produced by a conventional RO plant of equivalent capacity. The\ncurrent patented design requires further development in order to realize this potential.\nToward this end, a computational and experimental study of rotor windage losses and an\nexperimental study of fluid flow losses through the rotor are conducted. In addition a\nnew method for the analysis of stresses in a filament wound rotor shell under combined\ncentrifugal and pressure loading is developed.
Growth inhibition of subcutaneous mouse melanoma and induction of natural killer cells by liposome-mediated interferon-β gene therapy (2003)

In this study we investigated the antitumour effect and mechanism of action of cationic liposome-mediated murine interferon-beta (IFNbeta) gene therapy in mouse B16F1 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Murine IFNbeta gene transfer by cationic liposome resulted in substantial growth inhibition of B16F1 melanoma cells in culture when compared with phosphate buffered saline or recombinant murine IFNbeta treatment, or lacZ control gene transfer. Use of video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy revealed that liposomes containing the murine IFNbeta gene [lip(pSV2muIFNbeta)], but not recombinant murine IFNbeta, induced dramatic morphological changes that characterize apoptosis, including bleb formation, shrinkage of cells, nuclear condensation and 'ballooning', in approximately 30% of the cells treated. Intratumoral administration of lip(pSV2muIFNbeta) resulted in a 5.5-fold reduction in the mean volume of subcutaneous melanoma lesions in syngeneic mice 15 days after treatment and eradicated the tumour in 18% of the mice treated. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that a larger number of natural killer (NK) cells infiltrated the tumour following lip(pSV2muIFNbeta) treatment than in controls. In vivo depletion of NK cells using the anti-asialoGM1 antibody reduced the efficacy of lip(pSV2muIFNbeta) treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that cationic liposome-mediated IFNbeta gene therapy could be effective against melanoma by directly inducing cell death and stimulating NK cells.
Development of an Eight-Channel Time-Based Readout ASIC for PET Applications (2011)

An eight-channel readout ASIC has been developed for reading output signals from solid-state photomultipliers for positron emission tomography applications. This ASIC converts both the signal charge and occurring time to digital timing pulses so that only a time-to-digital converter is required for further signal processing. This provides the advantages of simplified circuit design, reduced power consumption, and suitability for applications that have a large number of readout channels. The ASIC uses a fully current mode preamplifier to achieve high bandwidth (> 100 MHz), high time resolution (better than ~1 ns FWHM), and low power consumption (a few mW/ch). The linear dynamic range of charge measurement is adjustable and can be extended up to 10<sup>3</sup> pC. The chip has been fabricated with 0.35 <i>μ</i>m 2P4M CMOS technology. A test prototype board has been developed and used for ASIC functionality and performance evaluation. Our preliminary studies show that the targets have been successfully achieved.
Effect of theophylline on differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei (1985)

Differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei in the mammal limits the degree of parasitemia and prepares the trypanosome for passage back into the tsetse fly. In an attempt to define the signals that control differentiation, we found that theophylline, in contrast to indomethacin, blocked differentiation, prolonged parasitemia, elevated prostaglandin and cyclic AMP concentrations of rat plasma, and depressed intratrypanosomal cyclic AMP. Relatively nontoxic drugs that alter differentiation are powerful tools for elucidating the events that control this important process.
A CMOS IQ direct digital RF modulator with embedded RF FIR-based quantization noise filter (2011)

This paper presents a new approach to reduce the out of band quantization noise of Direct Digital RF Modulators (DDRM). The DDRM is organized in a FIR-like configuration to filter the quantization noise in the RX band directly at RF. To demonstrate the principle, a 0.9 GHz FIR IQ DDRM has been integrated in 130 nm CMOS. The transmitter achieves more than 22 dB reduction in the quantization noise floor to reach -152 dBc/Hz@20 MHz with a 200 kHz baseband tone. The actual DDRM is capable of both amplitude and phase modulation by using a new four-phases IQ architecture. This results in a reduced power consumption and chip area. The transmitter consumes 94 mW from a 2.7 V supply and achieves an average output power of 9.5 dBm. Leakage into the adjacent channel and into the next one of -35 dB and -53 dB, respectively have been measured for a 10 MHz OFDM signal. It also achieves -27.2 dB EVM with a 64QAM input signal.
High Q Resonant Cavities for Microwave Testing (1946)

Formulas and charts are given which aid the design of right circular cylinder cavity resonators operating in the TE 01n mode, which yields the highest Q for a given volume. The application of these to the design of an echo box radar test set is shown, and practical considerations arising in the construction of a tunable cavity are discussed.
Western corn rootworm, cucurbits and cucurbitacins. (2004)

This chapter discusses the phylogenetic, evolutionary, ecological and applied implications of Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, preference for cucurbits.
Browsing Zoomable Treemaps: Structure-Aware Multi-Scale Navigation Techniques (2007)

Treemaps provide an interesting solution for representing hierarchical data. However, most studies have mainly focused on layout algorithms and paid limited attention to the interaction with treemaps. This makes it difficult to explore large data sets and to get access to details, especially to those related to the leaves of the trees. We propose the notion of zoomable treemaps (ZTMs), an hybridization between treemaps and zoomable user interfaces that facilitates the navigation in large hierarchical data sets. By providing a consistent set of interaction techniques, ZTMs make it possible for users to browse through very large data sets (e.g., 700,000 nodes dispatched amongst 13 levels). These techniques use the structure of the displayed data to guide the interaction and provide a way to improve interactive navigation in treemaps.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation with Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters (2018)

Abstract A copper‐catalyzed facile N‐arylation of 2‐acyl substituted anilines has been disclosed. Through chelation assistance of the weakly coordinating carbonyl groups, the Chan−Evans−Lam (CEL) C−N cross‐coupling reactions proceeded at room temperature in open flasks. Furthermore, such chelation effects also enabled the direct utilization of aryl boronic acid pinacol esters in Cu‐catalyzed CEL reactions under mild conditions.
Engineered Resistance to Plasmodium falciparum Development in Transgenic Anopheles stephensi (2011)

Transposon-mediated transformation was used to produce Anopheles stephensi that express single-chain antibodies (scFvs) designed to target the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The scFvs, m1C3, m4B7, and m2A10, are derived from mouse monoclonal antibodies that inhibit either ookinete invasion of the midgut or sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. The scFvs that target the parasite surface, m4B7 and m2A10, were fused to an Anopheles gambiae antimicrobial peptide, Cecropin A. Previously-characterized Anopheles cis-acting DNA regulatory elements were included in the transgenes to coordinate scFv production with parasite development. Gene amplification and immunoblot analyses showed promoter-specific increases in transgene expression in blood-fed females. Transgenic mosquito lines expressing each of the scFv genes had significantly lower infection levels than controls when challenged with P. falciparum.
A Flame-Retardant Finish Based upon Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (1972)

A new flame-retardant finish utilizing tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), trimethylolmelamine (TMM), one and a half methylolurea (11/2 MU), and a mixed catalyst (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O-citric acid) has been developed. The process con sisted of padding cotton fabrics through an aqueous solution containing 14.3% THP, 13.35% 11/2 MU, 4.45% TMM, 1% mixed catalyst, and 1% wetting agent. Sateen padded with 28% solids level solutions (exclusive of wetting agent and catalyst) and printcloth padded with 32% solids level solutions passed the vertical flame test after 50 launderings. Treated fabrics had good hand and appear ance. Losses in breaking strength were approximately 10% and tearing strength losses were of the same order of magni tude for wash-wear fabric.
Role of a Noninnocent Pincer Ligand in the Activation of CO<sub>2</sub> at (PNN)Ru(H)(CO) (2012)

This communication describes the activation of CO2 at the Ru pincer complex (PNN)Ru(H)(CO) (PNN = 6-(di-tert-butylphosphinomethylene)-2-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)-1,6-dihydropyridine). The reaction proceeds to completion within minutes at room temperature to form a C–C bond between the pincer ligand and the electrophilic carbon atom of CO2. The characterization of both the kinetic and thermodynamic products of CO2 activation and the reversibility of this C–C bond formation are discussed.
Comparison of BRS Estimates during Mild Dynamical Exercise and Recovery (2007)

Ten estimates of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were compared during progressive graded exercise: they were computed from sequence method, spectral and cross-spectral analysis methods, and parametric model-based methods. Results showed baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) changes as a function of the intensity of exercise, as well as the resetting phenomenon. Sequence, spectral and cross-spectral methods generally provided higher estimates than parametric model-based ones. This bias was particularly evident during exercise, and in the high frequency (HF) respiratory band. Results may suggest that the interaction of respiration and baroreflex function play an important in the cardiovascular adaptation from rest to exercise and from exercise to the recovery period.
Neutropenic responses to intradermal injections of Escherichia coli. Effects on the kinetics of polymorphonuclear leukocyte emigration. (1986)

Killed Escherichia coli organisms injected intradermally into rabbits induced significant neutropenia and provoked a rapid rise in body temperature. Both the magnitude and the duration of the neutropenia were dose-dependent. After recovery from neutropenia, the rabbits became refractory to its redevelopment when subsequently given an equivalent dose of E coli. The influence of neutropenia and the subsequent refractory period on the rate of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) emigration into inflammatory sites was examined. Killed E coli organisms (6 X 10(8) per site) were injected into two groups of 20 intradermal sites in each rabbit. The first group (Group F) preceded the second (Group S) by 6 hours. The kinetics of PMN emigration, quantitated with 51Cr-labeled cells, differed in the two groups. In Group S sites an intense PMN influx was measured at 0-4 hours, and subsequently the extent of PMN emigration rapidly declined. In Group F sites a minute PMN influx was detected during the first 4 hours, coinciding with a marked neutropenia. The maximal PMN influx into Group F sites was measured between 6 and 10 hours. Microscopic sections at 4 hours showed a scanty PMN infiltrate and numerous bacteria in the dermis of Group F sites, while extensive phagocytosis of bacteria by PMNs was apparent in Group S sites. By comparing the extent of bacterial phagocytosis in 4-hour-old sites with the magnitudes of PMN emigration between 6 and 10 hours in both groups, we concluded that the phagocytic elimination of killed E coli was not a major mechanism regulating the cessation of local PMN emigration. Instead, we propose that tachyphylaxis or desensitization of sites to inflammatory factors released from E coli is the responsible mechanism.
Isothermal Amplification and Quantification of Nucleic Acids and its Use in Microsystems (2015)

Nucleic acid amplification technologies (NAATs) offer the most sensitive tests in the clinical laboratory. These techniques are used as a powerful tool for screening and diagnosis of infectious diseases. Isothermal methods, as an alternative to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), require no thermocycling machine and can mostly be performed with reduced time, high throughput, and accurate and reliable results.
Humoral recall responses in HIV infection. Levels, specificity, and affinity of antigen-specific IgG (1991)

To evaluate the integrity of humoral immunologic memory among persons with HIV infection, we measured the levels, specificity, and functional affinity of circulating antibodies to vaccine-related recall Ag, tetanus (TT) and diphtheria toxoids (DT), and to naturally acquired measles virus, in sera from 17 HIV-seronegative control subjects, 17 asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients, and 10 patients with AIDS. Preimmunization levels of TT- and measles-specific IgG were similar in all groups, although DT-specific IgG was lower in AIDS patients. Four wk after immunization with TT3 and DT, all groups showed significantly increased specific antibody levels (p less than 0.02). The asymptomatic HIV+ patients and control subjects achieved similar peak serum levels of TT-specific IgG (102 +/- 32 and 169 +/- 36 micrograms/ml, respectively). In contrast, the AIDS patients had lower peak values of both TT- and DT- specific IgG (p less than 0.05). Peak levels correlated directly with the number of CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.05). However, 80 to 100% of all participants tested, independent of HIV status, showed higher levels of TT- and DT-specific IgG 6 mo after immunization compared with preimmunization levels. The antitoxoid antibodies were specific as they did not cross-react with other Ag in competitive inhibition experiments. In addition, all groups exhibited antibodies to TT and DT both pre- and postimmunization of equivalent functional affinity (avidity) (Kd = 10(-10)-10(-11) mol/liter). We conclude that, in contrast to the profoundly depressed humoral responses to new Ag, persons with asymptomatic HIV infection retain humoral immunity to certain recall Ag. These levels of specific IgG to three recall Ag are not proportional to elevated levels of total serum IgG in HIV-infected patients. In addition, many patients with HIV respond to challenge with recall Ag by producing significant amounts of high affinity IgG that may persist over time.
Isomaltulose Synthase (PalI) of Klebsiella sp. LX3 (2003)

Isomaltulose synthase from Klebsiella sp. LX3 (PalI, EC 5.4.99.11) catalyzes the isomerization of sucrose to produce isomaltulose (alpha-D-glucosylpyranosyl-1,6-D-fructofuranose) and trehalulose (alpha-D-glucosylpyranosyl-1,1-d-fructofuranose). The PalI structure, solved at 2.2-A resolution with an R-factor of 19.4% and Rfree of 24.2%, consists of three domains: an N-terminal catalytic (beta/alpha)8 domain, a subdomain between N beta 3 and N alpha 3, and a C-terminal domain having seven beta-strands. The active site architecture of PalI is identical to that of other glycoside hydrolase family 13 members, suggesting a similar mechanism in substrate binding and hydrolysis. However, a unique RLDRD motif in the proximity of the active site has been identified and shown biochemically to be responsible for sucrose isomerization. A two-step reaction mechanism for hydrolysis and isomerization, which occurs in the same pocket is proposed based on both the structural and biochemical data. Selected C-terminal truncations have been shown to reduce and even abolish the enzyme activity, consistent with the predicted role of the C-terminal residues in the maintenance of enzyme conformation and active site topology.
The effects of In doping on the heteroepitaxial growth of ZnS on GaP substrates (1987)

Single-crystal layers of ZnS have been grown on GaP substrates in a hydrogen transport system. In order to clarify the doping effects of In on the growth behavior, some In-doping experiments with various doping processes are performed. The reversal in the orientation dependence of the growth rate and the improvement of the crystallinity of the epitaxial layers are caused by the existence of In atoms and/or In compounds at the growing surface of ZnS. The In atoms and/or In compounds which exist at the interface between the GaP substrate and ZnS epitaxial layer are shown to have no significant effect on the growth behavior.
FUZZY LOGIC BASED DYNAMIC PRICING SCHEME FOR PROVISION OF QOS IN CELLULAR NETWORKS (2010)

Accurate forecasting of demand for cellular services is essential. The high infrastructure implementation costs involved plus overestimation of demand can be very costly. In addition the difference between peak and off-peak demands for wireless services can be very significant, both temporary and spatially. Gearing the network to meet peak demand would result in under-utilised network capacity most of the time. It has been suggested that real-time or dynamic pricing (variation of tariff according to network utilization) could provide an additional strategy for encouraging more efficient use of available resources. The aim of this research work is to investigate the implementation a Fuzzy Logic Controlled Dynamic Pricing (FLCDP) in a simulated cellular network for improved quality of service (QoS). Improvement in revenue collection is also investigated. Simulations were carried out using MATLAB. The results show that the network utilization is improved and an increase in the system availability and reliability: which are the two major parameters for QoS measurement. The revenue collected under FLCDP is greater than under flat rate pricing.
Tobacco use among school personnel in Rajasthan, India (2004)

First study from Rajasthan to report tobacco use among school personnel. School personnel not only strongly support the tobacco control policies but also ready to work for its successful implementation with proper training.
Experimental investigation of the shape of a heavy-current air discharge without blowing (2007)

The results of investigating experimentally the shape of an are discharge burning between two electrodes in air at atmospheric pressure in the absence of blowing when the currents are less than 100 A are reported. In certain experiments the distance between the electrodes was varied in order to solve special problems. The effect of the electrode material on the shape of the discharge is investigated. It is found that the electrode material does not have a qualitative effect on the shape of the discharge but can lead to a significant variation in the parameter distribution over the discharge gap. The study is a continuation of the research described in [1].
Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous SnO<sub>2</sub> Microspheres and Performance Evaluation as Li-Ion Battery Anode by Using Different Binders (2014)

We have prepared nanoporous SnO2 hollow microspheres (HMS) by employing the resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gel method. Further, we have investigated the electrochemical property of SnO2-HMS as negative electrode material in rechargeable Li-ion batteries by employing three different binders-polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), Na salt of carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC), and Na-alginate. At 1C rate, SnO2 electrode with Na-alginate binder exhibits discharge capacity of 800 mA h g(-1), higher than when Na-CMC (605 mA h g(-1)) and PVDF (571 mA h g(-1)) are used as binders. After 50 cycles, observed discharge capacities were 725 mA h g(-1), 495 mA h g(-1), and 47 mA h g(-1), respectively, for electrodes with Na-alginate, Na-CMC, and PVDF binders that amounts to a capacity retention of 92%, 82%, and 8% . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirm that the SnO2 electrode with Na-alginate as binder had much lower charge transfer resistance than the electrode with Na-CMC and PVDF binders. The superior electrochemical property of the SnO2 electrode containing Na-alginate can be attributed to the cumulative effects arising from integration of nanoarchitecture with a suitable binder; the hierarchical porous structure would accommodate large volume changes during the Li interaclation-deintercalation process, and the Na-alginate binder provides a stronger adhesion betweeen electrode film and current collector.
Robust acoustic source localization of emergency signals from Micro Air Vehicles (2012)

In search and rescue missions, Micro Air Vehicles (MAV's) can assist rescuers to faster locate victims inside a large search area and to coordinate their efforts. Acoustic signals play an important role in outdoor rescue operations. Emergency whistles, as found on most aircraft life vests, are commonly carried by people engaging in outdoor activities, and are also used by rescue teams, as they allow to signal reliably over long distances and far beyond visibility. For a MAV involved in such missions, the ability to locate the source of a distress sound signal, such as an emergency whistle blown by a person in need of help, is therefore significantly important and would allow the localization of victims and rescuers during night time, through foliage and in adverse conditions such as dust, fog and smoke. In this paper we present a sound source localization system for a MAV to locate narrowband sound sources on the ground, such as the sound of a whistle or personal alarm siren. We propose a method based on a particle filter to combine information from the cross correlation between signals of four spatially separated microphones mounted on the MAV, the dynamics of the aerial platform, and the doppler shift in frequency of the sound due to the motion of the MAV. Furthermore, we evaluate our proposed method in a real world experiment where a flying micro air vehicle is used to locate and track the position of a narrowband sound source on the ground.
THE NOVEL OXIDATION OF 1-ALKYLAZULENES TO 1-ACYLAZULENES WITH DDQ (1977)

Abstract The α-methylene group of 1-alkylazulene side-chain is readily oxidized to carbonyl by treatment with DDQ in aq. acetone or dioxane. The reaction provides a convenient method for the conversion of 1-alkylazulenes (1) into 1-acylazulenes (2).
Synthesis and properties of aliphatic unsaturated polymers with 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2,5‐diyl units (1978)

Abstract Two polymers built up of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2,5‐diyl and vinylene resp. ethynylene groups (polymers 2 and 3 ) were prepared by polycondensation of fumaramide resp. acetylenedicarboxamide with hydrazine sulfate in polyphosphoric acid. 2 and 3 exhibit the properties of conjugated polymers—dark colour, semiconductivity, and paramagnetism. The electric conductivity measurments were performed on pellets and on thin films in sandwich and surface cells. The comparison of the semiconducting properties of the polymers mutually and with poly‐ p ‐xylylidene leads to the conclusion that the trans ‐double bond is a better building unit for conjugated semiconductive polymers than the triple bond and the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2,5‐diyl residue is better than the 1,4‐phenylene unit.