gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <i>GA2</i> Locus of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>Encodes <i>ent</i>-Kaurene Synthase of Gibberellin Biosynthesis (1998)

The ga2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is a gibberellin-deficient dwarf. Previous biochemical studies have suggested that the ga2 mutant is impaired in the conversion of copalyl diphosphate to ent-kaurene, which is catalyzed by ent-kaurene synthase (KS). Overexpression of the previously isolated KS cDNA from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) (CmKS) in the ga2 mutant was able to complement the mutant phenotype. A genomic clone coding for KS, AtKS, was isolated from A. thaliana using CmKS cDNA as a heterologous probe. The corresponding A. thaliana cDNA was isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein. The fusion protein showed enzymatic activity that converted [3H]copalyl diphosphate to [3H]ent-kaurene. The recombinant AtKS protein derived from the ga2-1 mutant is truncated by 14 kD at the C-terminal end and does not contain significant KS activity in vitro. Sequence analysis revealed that a C-2099 to T base substitution, which converts Gln-678 codon to a stop codon, is present in the AtKS cDNA from the ga2-1 mutant. Taken together, our results show that the GA2 locus encodes KS.
Development of a wall climbing robot with wheel-leg hybrid locomotion mechanism (2007)

A novel prototype of self-contained wall-climbing robot used for special tasks such as rescue, inspection, surveillance and reconnaissance is developed. The wheel-leg hybrid locomotion mechanism enable the robot to achieve quick motion on wall surface, as well as obstacle- spanning on wall surfaces and smooth wall-to-wall transitions. The robot is composed of a base body and a mechanical leg with 3 DOF. The base body is a big flat suction cup with three-wheeled locomotion mechanism inside, and there is a small flat sucker in the end of the mechanical leg. The new designed chamber seal has simple structure and has steady and reliable performance. A distributed embedded control system is also described which enable the robot operating manually and semi-autonomously in wheeled motion mode or legged motion mode. Kinematics model of the robot is established to analyze the robot’s motion on the wall. And the locomotion gait of the robot is discussed. Safety analysis of the robot on vertical surfaces shows the robot’s reliable adhesion ability to working on wall surfaces.
Problems in the Realization of Flat Delay, Narrow-Band Surface Wave Filters at UHF and Microwave Frequencies (2005)

Narrow band filters with maximally flat passband and sharp transitions at the band edges require long transducer arrays. Specific problems encountered in the construction of such filters are minimization of the number of taps to avoid excessive attenuation and phase distortion, supression of multiple echos, implementation of tap weighting to avoid non-uniform coupling, and numerous problems involved in the fabrication of sufficiently accurate transducer patterns. Tentative solutions to these problems are presented and some experimental results on a 500 MHz, 1% bandwidth filter are given.
Direct water-phase synthesis of lead sulfide quantum dots encapsulated by β-lactoglobulin for in vivo second near infrared window imaging with reduced toxicity (2016)

Compared to conventional fluorescence imaging in the visible (400-700 nm) and NIR-I regions (700-900 nm), optical fluorescence imaging in the second near infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1400 nm) offers reduced photon scattering, deeper tissue penetration and lower auto-fluorescence. Despite excellent imaging capabilities, current NIR-II probes have not yet reached their full potential due to weak quantum yield, low water solubility and suboptimal biocompatibility. To address these problems, we report herein a new NIR-II fluorescent PbS quantum dots (QDs) that are fabricated in water using β-lactoglobulin (LG) as a biological template. The LG-PbS QDs exhibit satisfactory dispersibility, relatively high quantum yield and favorable biocompatibility, and therefore are suitable for high-resolution in vivo imaging applications.
Alchemi: A .NET-based Grid Computing Framework and its Integration into Global Grids (2004)

Computational grids that couple geographically distributed resources are becoming the de-facto computing platform for solving large-scale problems in science, engineering, and commerce. Software to enable grid computing has been primarily written for Unix-class operating systems, thus severely limiting the ability to effectively utilize the computing resources of the vast majority of desktop computers i.e. those running variants of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Addressing Windows-based grid computing is particularly important from the software industry's viewpoint where interest in grids is emerging rapidly. Microsoft's .NET Framework has become near-ubiquitous for implementing commercial distributed systems for Windows-based platforms, positioning it as the ideal platform for grid computing in this context. In this paper we present Alchemi, a .NET-based grid computing framework that provides the runtime machinery and programming environment required to construct desktop grids and develop grid applications. It allows flexible application composition by supporting an object-oriented grid application programming model in addition to a grid job model. Cross-platform support is provided via a web services interface and a flexible execution model supports dedicated and non-dedicated (voluntary) execution by grid nodes.
Immunotherapy in Alzheimer's Disease: Where Do We Stand? Where Should We Go? (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease. In addition to its enormous personal and socioeconomic costs, the situation is worsened by the lack of an effective prevention and treatment. Anti-amyloid-beta (Abeta) immunization strategies showed excellent results when tested on AD transgenic models. However, clinical studies with active and passive immunotherapy have been disappointing in several aspects, especially lately, when reports analyzing long term result of immunization protocols failed to show improvement in cognitive function and disease progression. Furthermore, some of the active immunotherapy protocols appear to be associated with severe side effects, including brain inflammation and amyloid angiopathy mediated hemorrhage. However, even through detailed information on the mechanism for Abeta clearance is still missing, results are valuable for the understanding of the disease. The focus of this review is to discuss the current experience with the various types of immunotherapy tested in animal models and AD patients, and the information they provide regarding disease mechanisms. In light of those results, alternatives or conditions that could improve immunotherapy utility are analyzed. Regardless of the setbacks, immunotherapy as a combination therapy, including humoral and cell-based approaches, still holds a promise for the treatment of AD.
Direct assessment of right ventricular transmural pressure. (1987)

Although the measurement of transmural pressure is important, calculation of transmural pressure is complicated by the difficulties in measuring pericardial pressure. Recently, flat balloons have been proposed to measure pericardial pressure. Over a wide range of volumes, right ventricular diastolic pressure and pericardial balloon pressure were similar in diastole, suggesting that the right ventricle is unstressed at physiologic volumes and that right atrial pressure can be used to estimate pericardial pressure. To evaluate these concepts and to assess indirectly the accuracy of measuring pericardial pressure using flat balloons, six canine hearts were examined postmortem. The pericardium was removed and the hearts were submerged in cold cardioplegic solution. Balloons were inserted into the right and left ventricles, and right and left ventricular pressure-volume curves were obtained. Right ventricular transmural pressures of 2.6 +/- 0.5, 3.9 +/- 0.9, 5.9 +/- 1.4, and 8.9 +/- 2.4 mm Hg were required to distend the right ventricle to 10, 20, 30, and 40 ml, respectively. For the left ventricle, transmural pressures of 3.4 +/- 0.7, 5.4 +/- 1.2, 8.6 +/- 2.1, and 14.1 +/- 3.8 mm Hg were recorded at volumes of 10, 20, 30, and 40 ml, respectively. Although the right ventricular transmural pressures were less than the left ventricular transmural pressures over the physiologic range, right ventricular transmural pressures were always positive and increased with increments in ventricular volume. Thus the right ventricle is not unstressed over the entire range of physiologic volumes, suggesting that pericardial balloon pressures may overestimate pericardial pressure and that right atrial pressure cannot be used to estimate pericardial pressure.
Beyond Narrative Description: Generating Poetry from Images by Multi-Adversarial Training (2018)

Automatic generation of natural language from images has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, we take one step further to investigate generation of poetic language (with multiple lines) to an image for automatic poetry creation. This task involves multiple challenges, including discovering poetic clues from the image (e.g., hope from green), and generating poems to satisfy both relevance to the image and poeticness in language level. To solve the above challenges, we formulate the task of poem generation into two correlated sub-tasks by multi-adversarial training via policy gradient, through which the cross-modal relevance and poetic language style can be ensured. To extract poetic clues from images, we propose to learn a deep coupled visual-poetic embedding, in which the poetic representation from objects, sentiments and scenes in an image can be jointly learned. Two discriminative networks are further introduced to guide the poem generation, including a multi-modal discriminator and a poem-style discriminator. To facilitate the research, we have released two poem datasets by human annotators with two distinct properties: 1) the first human annotated image-to-poem pair dataset (with 8,292 pairs in total), and 2) to-date the largest public English poem corpus dataset (with 92,265 different poems in total). Extensive experiments are conducted with 8K images, among which 1.5K image are randomly picked for evaluation. Both objective and subjective evaluations show the superior performances against the state-of-the-art methods for poem generation from images. Turing test carried out with over 500 human subjects, among which 30 evaluators are poetry experts, demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Vanillin-Based Polymers—part II: Synthesis of Schiff Base Polymers of Divanillin and Their Chelation with Metal Ions (2012)

Condensation of renewable resources-based monomer divanillin with alkyl diamines gives Schiff base polymers with degree of polymerization (DP) ~25–32 in 88–95% yield. These yellow polymers are insoluble in water and common organic solvents, slightly soluble in warm DMSO, DMF and dissolves in aqueous NaOH. The polymers were characterized using FT-IR, 1 H, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with the model compound N,N ′ -bis (vanillidene)-1,3-propanediamine. Polymer prepared by condensation of divanillin and 1,6-diaminohexane is shown to chelate with Cu(II), Fe(II), and Co(II) metal ions in basic aqueous methanol.
Experimental Values In IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, ICMPv6, UDP, and TCP Headers (2006)

When experimenting with or extending protocols, it is often necessary to use some sort of protocol number or constant in order to actually test or experiment with the new function, even when testing in a closed environment.This document reserves some ranges of numbers for experimentation purposes in specific protocols where the need to support experimentation has been identified, and it describes the numbers that have already been reserved by other documents.
Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using the NanoLantern Biosensor (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human illness, and has developed the remarkable ability to resist the bactericidal capabilities of many of the world's leading antibiotics (i.e. MRSA). In an effort to enable rapid detection and treatment of MRSA infections, we have developed a DNA detection technology termed the NanoLantern(TM). The NanoLantern(TM) biosensor technology is based on the simple immobilization of a fluorophore-terminated DNA hairpin onto a gold chip. This produces a label-free sensor that allows for a positive response to be obtained without extensive processing of the sample, saving cost and increasing accuracy. We will also discuss a newly developed method of partial gene analysis, used to develop a DNA hairpin probe that is capable of detecting the presence of the mecR gene, a gene necessary for methicillin resistance to be present in S. aureus, with 100% sequence specificity. The successful incorporation of this probe into the NanoLantern(TM) platform, along with the concomitant development of the paired PCR assay has allowed for the successful detection of methicillin-resistance directly from a culture of S. aureus. These results represent an important step forward in terms of developing the ability to rapidly and effectively detect the presence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections.
SHAGGY and DISHEVELLED exert opposite effects on <i>wingless</i> and <i>decapentaplegic</i> expression and on positional identity in imaginal discs (1997)

The finding that Wingless (WG) and Decapentaplegic (DPP) suppress each others transcription provides a mechanism for creating developmental territories in fields of cells. Here, we address the mechanism of that antagonism. The dishevelled (dsh) and shaggy (sgg) genes encode intracellular proteins generally thought of as downstream of WG signaling. We have investigated the effects of changing either DSH or SGG activity on both cell fate and wg and dpp expression. At the level of cell fate in discs, DSH antagonizes SGG activity. At the level of gene expression, SGG positively regulates dpp expression and negatively regulates wg expression while DSH activity suppresses dpp expression and promotes wg expression. Sharp borders of gene expression correlating precisely with clone boundaries suggest that the effects of DSH and SGG on transcription of wg and dpp are not mediated by secreted factors but rather act through intracellular effectors. The interactions described here suggest a model for the antagonism between WG and DPP that is mediated via SGG. The model incorporates autoactivation and lateral inhibition, which are properties required for the production of stable patterns. The regulatory interactions described exhibit extensive ability to organize new pattern in response to manipulation or injury.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and thrombospondin 1 (1994)

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) were purified in a native form from normal bovine articular cartilage. The key step in the purification scheme was selective extraction with EDTA-containing buffer. Final separation of these two molecules was achieved by heparin affinity chromatography. Particles viewed by electron microscopy after rotary shadowing and negative staining revealed structures similar to their prototype molecules; from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma for COMP, or from platelets for TSP1. Attachment of primary bovine chondrocytes to purified matrix proteins was investigated. Cells attached to COMP but not to the structurally related TSP1 indicating separate functions for these proteins in cartilage.
Automatic query expansion based on directed divergence (2005)

To extract informative terms through known relevance information for query expansion is an important issue in the design of an effective text retrieval system. Various discriminant functions have been developed as a device for eliciting good terms. In this paper the notion of informativeness of terms is interpreted and discriminant functions are formalised both based on information-theoretic ideas for automatic query expansion. Preliminary results show that the approach adopted in this paper is worthy of continued investigation.
Immunoadsorption and renal transplant in two patients with a major ABO incompatibility. (1987)

Ces 2 observations montrent la valeur de la colonne d'immuno-adsorption synthetique pour l'elimination des anticorps anti-ABO sans les inconvenients de la plasmapherese
Alternative Bearing Surfaces: Alumina Ceramic Bearings for Total Hip Arthroplasty (2006)

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several advances in arthroscopic shoulder stabilization procedures were made. However, these early techniques were associated with higher failure rates compared with the traditional open procedures and therefore were not widely disseminated throughout the orthopaedic community. Because of improved understanding in anatomy and pathology in conjunction with dramatic technologic advances, the past decade has demonstrated significant improvement in the arthroscopic management of the unstable shoulder Evolution of arthroscopic techniques over the past 5 years to more closely resemble open procedures has led to clinical outcomes previously seen only with open procedures. Arthroscopy is becoming an attractive treatment option for an increasing number of orthopaedic surgeons.
Characterization of ramp-type YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ junctions by AFM (1997)

We studied the morphology of ramps in REBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (REBCO) epitaxial films on SrTiO/sub 3/ substrates, fabricated by RF magnetron sputter deposition and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM). The ramps were fabricated by Ar ion beam etching using different masks of standard photoresist and TiN. AFM-studies on ramps in sputter deposited films show a strong dependence, i.e., formation of facets and ridges, on the angle of incidence of the ion beam with respect to the substrate surface as well as the rotation angle with respect to the crystal axes of the substrate. Ramps in pulsed laser deposited films did not show this dependence. Furthermore, we studied the effect of an anneal step prior to the deposition of barrier layers (i.e. PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3-x/Ga/sub x/O/sub 7/) on the ramp. First results show a crystallization of the ramp surface, resulting in terraces and a non-homogeneous growth of the barrier material on top of it. The thickness variations, for thin layers of barrier material, can even become much larger than expected from the amount of deposited material and are dependent on the deposition and anneal conditions. HREM studies show a well-defined interface between barrier layer and electrodes. The angle of the ramp depends on the etch rate of the mask and REBCO and on the angle of incidence of the ion beam. Hard masks, like TIN, have a much lower etch rate compared to photoresist, resulting in an angle of the ramp comparable to the angle of incidence and, subsequently, in a low etching rate on the ramp.
EVPN auto provisioning using a controller (2016)

In some datacenter use cases, priori knowledge of what PE/NVE to be
configured for a given L2 or L3 service may not be available. This
document describes how EVPN can be extended to discover what L2 or L3
services to be enabled on a given PE/NVE, based on first sign of life
FSOL packets received on the PE/NVE ports. An EVPN route based on the
FSOL packets will be sent to a controller to trigger a push of the
related L2/L3 or subscriber service configuration to be provisioned on
the PE/NVE and on the switch ports.
Guidage et filtrage des ondes dans les cristaux phononiques (2006)

This thesis has been conducted within the département LPMO of the institut FEMTO-ST, under the supervision<br />of Vincent Laude and Abdelkrim Khelif. It has been devoted to the study of wave propagation in elastic band gap materials, the so-called phononic crystals.<br />In the first part of this work, filtering, guiding and coupling phenomena in low operating frequency bulk wave phononic crystals consisting of an arrangement of millimeter-sized steel rods immersed in water have been investigated. Complex functions like band gap tunability or wavelength demultiplexing have proven to be achievable in such structures.<br />The second part has been aiming at demonstrating the possibility of implementing band gap properties for surface waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals with an operating frequency of the order of a few hundreds of megahertz. Micron-sized holes have been etched both in lithium niobate and in silicon using clean room processes to allow for the fabrication of the periodical structures which have been characterised by electrical as well as by optical techniques. A full band gap for surface acoustic waves has been found, in close agreement with the theoretical predictions.<br />Eventually, the third part of this thesis has dealt with a preliminary theoretical study of acousto-optical interactions<br />in artificial materials exhibiting both photonic and phononic band gap properties. This study has highlighted the formalism-pertaining issues encountered when dealing with highly and simultaneously confined acoustic and optical modes.
Enzymological Characterization of EpoA, a Laccase-Like Phenol Oxidase Produced by Streptomyces griseus (2003)

Laccase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic compounds by coupling the reduction of oxygen to water. While many laccases have been identified in plant and fungal species, enzymes of prokaryotic origin are poorly known. Here we report the enzymological characterization of EpoA, a laccase-like extracytoplasmic phenol oxidase produced by Streptomyces griseus. EpoA was expressed and purified with an Escherichia coli host-vector system as a recombinant protein fused with a C-terminal histidine-tag (rEpoA). Physicochemical analyses showed that rEpoA comprises a stable homotrimer containing all three types of copper (types 1-3). Various known laccase substrates were oxidized by rEpoA, while neither syringaldazine nor guaiacol served as substrates. Among the substrates examined, rEpoA most effectively oxidized N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate with a Km value of 0.42 mM. Several metal chelators caused marked inhibition of rEpoA activity, implying the presence of a metal center essential for the oxidase activity. The pH and temperature optima of rEpoA were 6.5 and 40 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme retained 40% activity after preincubation at 70 degrees C for 60 min. EpoA-like activities were detected in cell extracts of 8/40 environmental actinomycetes strains, which suggests that similar oxidases are widely distributed among this group of bacteria.
Mechanism of N-carboxy-α-amino acid anhydride (NCA) polymerization (1981)

The three classical mechanisms known for the polymerization of N-carboxyct-amino acid anhydrides by basic initiators (protic and aprotic amines, basic salts) were analyzed and the discrepancies existing between what the given mechanism theoretically expects and the experimental results of the actual polymerization were examined. It was thus shown that the apparently simplest polymerizations involve secondary mechanisms with various significance besides the principal one.