gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scale-up of Transformation of Negative Poisson's Ratio foam: Slabs (1997)

This paper presents an experimental study performed on the scale-up of processing of negative Poisson 's ratio foam. These materials become thinner under compression and fatter under tension, opposite to ordinary materials. The transformation process consists of triaxial compression combined with heat treatment. Transformed foam cells have a concave or "re-entrant" shape. Scaleup is achieved by use of a modified mould assembled around the foam slab and longer processing times. Foam with a distribution of cell sizes was transformed in small block and large slab forms. These blocks and slabs exhibited a negative Poisson's ratio.
The multifractal analysis of Gibbs measures: Motivation, mathematical foundation, and examples (1997)

We first motivate the study of multifractals. We then present a rigorous mathematical foundation for the multifractal analysis of Gibbs measures invariant under dynamical systems. Finally we effect a complete multifractal analysis for several classes of hyperbolic dynamical systems. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.
Development of Complex Energy Saving Device (2012)

A complex energy saving device has been developed for middle class vessels. The propulsive performance of the developed device is described through a model test. The pre-swirl stator, which recovers the rotational energy of the propeller slipstream, is a well-known energy saving device for large vessels. The pre-swirl stator for a large vessel is usually cast as a part of the stern frame and has a high cost. The manufacture of a cast stator for an existing vessel is almost impossible. The complex device that was developed can be fitted on astern frame by welding. The model tests show a 4-6% efficiency gain for middle class vessels with the developed appendages compared to those with bare hulls.
Strand specificity in the transcriptional targeting of recombination at immunoglobulin switch sequences. (1995)

B-lymphocyte-specific class switch recombination is known to occur between pairs of 2- to 10-kb switch regions located immediately upstream of the immunoglobulin constant heavy-chain genes. Others have shown that the recombination is temporally correlated with the induction of transcription at the targeted switch regions. To determine whether this temporal correlation is due to a mechanistic linkage, we have developed an extrachromosomal recombination assay that closely recapitulates DNA deletional class switch recombination. In this assay, the rate of recombination is measured between 24 and 48 hr posttransfection. We find that recombinants are generated in a switch sequence-dependent manner. Recombination occurs with a predominance within B-cell lines representative of the mature B-cell stage and within a subset of pre-B-cell lines. Transcription stimulates the switch sequence-dependent recombination. Importantly, transcription activates recombination only when directed in the physiologic orientation but has no effect when directed in the nonphysiologic orientation.
Photochemical Instability of Thiol-Capped CdTe Quantum Dots in Aqueous Solution and Living Cells: Process and Mechanism (2007)

The process and mechanism of photochemical instability of thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous solution were experimentally studied. After laser irradiation, the corresponding Raman bands of the Cd-S bond decreased obviously, indicating bond breaking and thiol detachment from the QD surfaces. Meanwhile, a photoinduced aggregation of QDs occurred with the hydrodynamic diameter <Dh> increased to hundreds of nanometers from an initial 20 nm, as detected with dynamic light scattering measurements. The bleaching of the photoluminescence of QDs under laser irradiation could be attributed to the enhanced nonradiative transfer in excited QDs caused by increased surface defects due to the losing of thiol ligands. Singlet oxygen (1O2) was involved in the photooxidation of QDs, as revealed by the inhibiting effects of 1O2 quenchers of histidine or sodium azide (NaN3) on the photobleaching of QDs. The linear relationship in Stern-Volmer measurements between the terminal product and the concentration of NaN3 demonstrated that 1O2 was the main pathway of the photobleaching in QD solutions. By comparing the photostability of QDs in C2C12 cells with and without NaN3 treatment, the photooxidation effect of 1O2 on photobleaching of cellular QDs was confirmed.
Rapid Degradation of Isolated Lignins by <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> (1983)

Phanerochaete chrysosporium degraded purified Kraft lignin, alkali-extracted and dioxane-extracted straw lignin, and lignosulfonates at a similar rate, producing small-molecular-weight ( approximately 1,000) soluble products which comprised 25 to 35% of the original lignins. At concentrations of 1 g of lignin liter, 90 to 100% of the acid-insoluble Kraft, alkali straw, and dioxane straw lignins were degraded by 1 g of fungal mycelium liter within an active ligninolytic period of 2 to 3 days. Cultures with biomass concentrations as low as 0.16 g liter could also completely degrade 1 g of lignin liter during an active period of 6 to 8 days. The absorbance at 280 nm of 2 g of lignosulfonate liter increased during the first 3 days of incubation and decreased to 35% of the original value during the next 7 days. The capacity of 1 g of cells to degrade alkali-extracted straw lignin under optimized conditions was estimated to be as high as 1.0 g day. This degradation occurred with a simultaneous glucose consumption rate of 1.0 g day. When glucose or cellular energy resources were depleted, lignin degradation ceased. The ability of P. chrysosporium to degrade the various lignins in a similar manner and at very low biomass concentrations indicates that the enzymes responsible for lignin degradation are nonspecific.
Optical measurement of synaptic glutamate spillover and reuptake by linker optimized glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporters (2008)

Genetically encoded sensors of glutamate concentration are based on FRET between cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins bracketing a bacterial glutamate-binding protein. Such sensors have yet to find quantitative applications in neurons, because of poor response amplitude in physiological buffers or when expressed on the neuronal cell surface. We have improved our glutamate-sensing fluorescent reporter (GluSnFR) by systematic optimization of linker sequences and glutamate affinities. Using SuperGluSnFR, which exhibits a 6.2-fold increase in response magnitude over the original GluSnFR, we demonstrate quantitative optical measurements of the time course of synaptic glutamate release, spillover, and reuptake in cultured hippocampal neurons with centisecond temporal and spine-sized spatial resolution. During burst firing, functionally significant spillover persists for hundreds of milliseconds. These glutamate levels appear sufficient to prime NMDA receptors, potentially affecting dendritic spike initiation and computation. Stimulation frequency-dependent modulation of spillover suggests a mechanism for nonsynaptic neuronal communication.
Crosslinking of starch by alkaline roasting (1967)

Abstract Dry mixtures of starch with various bases were roasted in air. The effects of roasting were determined by a viscosity method. The results suggest that roasting at alkaline pH's produces covalent crosslinks. The author speculates that the crosslinks result from a combination of autoxidation and aldolization.
Human Microbiota and Ophthalmic Disease. (2016)

The human ocular surface, consisting of the cornea and conjunctiva, is colonized by an expansive, diverse microbial community. Molecular-based methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, has allowed for more comprehensive and precise identification of the species composition of the ocular surface microbiota compared to traditional culture-based methods. Evidence suggests that the normal microbiota plays a protective immunological role in preventing the proliferation of pathogenic species and thus, alterations in the homeostatic microbiome may be linked to ophthalmic pathologies. Further investigation of the ocular surface microbiome, as well as the microbiome of other areas of the body such as the oral mucosa and gut, and their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is a significant, emerging field of research, and may someday enable the development of novel probiotic approaches for the treatment and prevention of ophthalmic diseases.
Cutting Edge: Dendritic Cells Are Essential for In Vivo IL-12 Production and Development of Resistance against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection in Mice (2006)

A powerful IFN-gamma response is triggered upon infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Several cell populations, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and neutrophils, produce IL-12, a key cytokine for IFN-gamma induction. However, it is still unclear which of the above cell populations is its main source. Diphtheria toxin (DT) injection causes transient DC depletion in a transgenic mouse expressing Simian DT receptors under the control of the CD11c promoter, allowing us to investigate the role of DCs in IL-12 production. T. gondii-inoculated DT-treated and control groups were monitored for IL-12 levels and survival. We show in this study that DC depletion abolished IL-12 production and led to mortality. Furthermore, replenishment with wild-type, but not MyD88- or IL-12p35-deficient, DCs rescued IL-12 production, IFN-gamma-induction, and resistance to infection in DC-depleted mice. Taken together, the results presented in this study indicate that DCs constitute the major IL-12-producing cell population in vivo during T. gondii infection.
Neurologic Manifestations and Outcome of West Nile Virus Infection (2003)

Movement disorders, including tremor, myoclonus, and parkinsonism, may be present during acute illness with WNV infection. Some patients with WNV infection and meningitis or encephalitis ultimately may have good long-term outcome, although an irreversible poliomyelitis-like syndrome may result.
Promoter-specific Activation and Demethylation by MBD2/Demethylase (2002)

MBD2 is the only member of a family of methyl-CpG-binding proteins that has been reported to be both a transcriptional repressor and a DNA demethylase (dMTase). To understand the apparently contradictory function of MBD2/dMTase, we studied the effects of dMTase overexpression on the activity of various in vitro methylated promoters transiently transfected into HEK293 cells. We found that forced expression of a MBD2/dMTase expression vector (His-dMTase) differentially activated two methylated reporters, pSV40-CAT (the SV40 enhancerless promoter adjacent to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene) and pGL2T+I4xTBRE (a region of the p21 promoter next to the luciferase reporter gene), in a time- and dose-dependent manner. His-dMTase increased pSV40-CAT expression by 3-10-fold after 96 h, while pGL2T+I4xTBRE expression was increased by 2-3-fold after only 48 h and did not further increase at 96 h. Gene activation was not universal because no effect was seen with the p19-ARF promoter. We then assessed whether activation might be due to demethylation within the promoter region. Using bisulfite mapping, we found that exogenous expression of His-dMTase induced demethylation at 8 of the 10 CpG sites within the SV40 promoter. The observation that His-dMTase increases the demethylase activity in the cells was also confirmed using an in vitro CpG demethylase assay with a mC32pG oligonucleotide substrate and purified Q-Sepharose fractions from HEK293 cells transfected with His-dMTase or empty pcDNA3.1His vector. We propose that a single protein possessing both repressor and demethylase functions has evolved to coordinate a program that requires suppression of some methylated genes and activation of others.
VALUE-AT-RISK ANALYSIS OF KOSPI 200 SECTOR INDICES (2009)

We investigated the performance of value-at-risk (VaR) models of KOSPI 200 sector indices using FIGARCH and FIAPARCH models under normal and skewed Student-t innovation distributions. The FIAPARCH model well captured the long-memory and asymmetry properties of the volatility. In addition, the skewed Student-t models outperformed the normal models in measuring the fat tails and asymmetry of the densities.
Good Semi-supervised Learning that Requires a Bad GAN (2017)

Semi-supervised learning methods based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) obtained strong empirical results, but it is not clear 1) how the discriminator benefits from joint training with a generator, and 2) why good semi-supervised classification performance and a good generator cannot be obtained at the same time. Theoretically, we show that given the discriminator objective, good semisupervised learning indeed requires a bad generator, and propose the definition of a preferred generator. Empirically, we derive a novel formulation based on our analysis that substantially improves over feature matching GANs, obtaining state-of-the-art results on multiple benchmark datasets.
Release of GLP-1 and PYY in response to the activation of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 is mediated by Epac/PLC-Îµ pathway and modulated by endogenous H2S (2014)

Activation of plasma membrane TGR5 receptors in enteroendocrine cells by bile acids is known to regulate gastrointestinal secretion and motility and glucose homeostasis. The endocrine functions of the gut are modulated by microenvironment of the distal gut predominantly by sulfur-reducing bacteria of the microbiota that produce H2S. However, the mechanisms involved in the release of peptide hormones, GLP-1 and PYY in response to TGR5 activation by bile acids and the effect of H2S on bile acid-induced release of GLP-1 and PYY are unclear. In the present study, we have identified the signaling pathways activated by the bile acid receptor TGR5 to mediate GLP-1 and PYY release and the mechanism of inhibition of their release by H2S in enteroendocrine cells. The TGR5 ligand oleanolic acid (OA) stimulated Gαs and cAMP formation, and caused GLP-1 and PYY release. OA-induced cAMP formation and peptide release were blocked by TGR5 siRNA. OA also caused an increase in PI hydrolysis and intracellular Ca(2+). Increase in PI hydrolysis was abolished in cells transfected with PLC-ε siRNA. 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, a selective activator of Epac, stimulated PI hydrolysis, and GLP-1 and PYY release. L-Cysteine, which activates endogenous H2S producing enzymes cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase, and NaHS and GYY4137, which generate H2S, inhibited PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release in response to OA or 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP. Propargylglycine, an inhibitor of CSE, reversed the effect of L-cysteine on PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release. We conclude: (i) activation of Gαs-coupled TGR5 receptors causes stimulation of PI hydrolysis, and release of GLP-1 and PYY via a PKA-independent, cAMP-dependent mechanism involving Epac/PLC-ε/Ca(2+) pathway, and (ii) H2S has potent inhibitory effects on GLP-1 and PYY release in response to TGR5 activation, and the mechanism involves inhibition of PLC-ε/Ca(2+) pathway.
Cysteine proteinases and cystatin C in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from subjects with subclinical emphysema (1998)

This study examined the role of cysteine proteinases and their inhibitor in the development of emphysema in comparison with neutrophil elastase (NE) complexed with alpha1-protease inhibitor (NE-alpha1-PI), which was previously demonstrated to be increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from subjects with subclinical emphysema. Eight nonsmokers and 31 current smokers with (n=17) and without (n=14) emphysema, as evidenced by lung computed tomographic scans, were studied. The concentrations of immunologically detected cathepsin L and cystatin C, but not cathepsin B, were significantly increased in BAL fluid from the smokers with emphysema compared with those without emphysema, although the activity of cathepsin L, measured using a synthetic substrate and cathepsin L, released from cultured alveolar macrophages at 24 h, did not show any significant difference between the two groups. When comparison was made only for the subjects aged <60 yrs, the difference between the two groups disappeared for cathepsin L, but remained for NE-alpha1-PI. There was no significant correlation between the level of cathepsin L and that of NE-alpha1-PI in BAL fluid from the subjects with emphysema. In conclusion, increased levels of cathepsin L and cystatin C were demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from subjects with subclinical emphysema. However, the roles of cathepsin L and neutrophil elastase in the development of emphysema may vary between subjects and between the young and the old.
Iodine-125 cholesteryl iopanoate for measuring extent of atherosclerosis in rabbits. (1988)

Rabbits rendered atherosclerotic by mechanical aortic de-endothelialization and 6 wk of cholesterol feeding were administered estradiol-17 beta-cypionate, an anti-atherogenic agent in rabbits. These animals were compared to a similar, untreated group and control animals fed a regular non-atherogenic diet. Iodine-125 cholesteryl iopanoate ([125I]Cl), a nonhydrolyzable cholesteryl ester derivative, was administered intravenously at regular intervals throughout the study. Six days after the last dose of [125I]Cl, the animals were scanned with a gamma camera. After animals were killed, tissue distribution of the 125I radioactivity showed a significant decrease of [125I]CI accumulation in the aorta of estrogen-treated as compared to untreated, cholesterol-fed animals. However, the accumulation of [125I]CI in the aortas was insufficient to accurately define the presence of atheroma by gamma camera scintigraphy.
Let's Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems (2015)

The advent of non-volatile memory (NVM) will fundamentally change the dichotomy between memory and durable storage in database management systems (DBMSs). These new NVM devices are almost as fast as DRAM, but all writes to it are potentially persistent even after power loss. Existing DBMSs are unable to take full advantage of this technology because their internal architectures are predicated on the assumption that memory is volatile. With NVM, many of the components of legacy DBMSs are unnecessary and will degrade the performance of data intensive applications.
Binding motifs of CBP2 a potential cell surface target for carcinoma cells (2000)

Previously we have shown (Hebert et al. [1999] J. Cell Biochem. 73:248–258) that among many cell lines the CBP2 gene product, Hsp47, eludes its retention receptor, erd2P, resulting in the appearance of Hsp47 on the cell surface associated with the tetraspanin protein CD9. Since Hsp47 possesses a highly restricted binding cleft, random peptide display libraries were used to characterize peptides binding to Hsp47 and then to target this protein on carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Comparison of the clones obtained from panning revealed little specific homology based on sequence alone. To determine whether carcinoma cells expressing Hsp47 could selectively take up the selected bacteriophages, traditional immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were employed. These studies revealed that phage-displaying Hsp47 binding peptides bound to cell lines expressing Hsp47 and that the peptides were rapidly taken up to a location coincident with Hsp47 staining. These observations were confirmed by cytometric analyses. These data indicate that CBP2 product may provide a molecular target for chemotherapy and/or imaging of malignancies. J. Cell. Biochem. 78:251–263, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Release of Vasoactive Cytokines by Antibody-Enhanced Dengue Virus Infection of a Human Mast Cell/Basophil Line (2000)

We report here the first demonstration of dengue virus infection and vasoactive cytokine response of a cell of the mast cell/basophil lineage. Infection of KU812 cells was dependent on dengue-specific antibody and gave rise to infectious virions. This antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection triggered a four- to fivefold increase in the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and a modest increase for IL-6 but not for an alternate cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The results suggest a potential role for mast cells/basophils in the pathogenesis of dengue virus-induced disease.
Code Generation: On the Scheduling of DAGs Using Worm-Partition (2007)

Code generation consists of three main stages, instruction selection, scheduling and register allocation. The scheduling stage is very important because it affects the execution time of resulting code as well as the associated memory space needed to store the program. This paper deals with scheduling directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) using worm-partition. First, we develop a new algorithm to partition DAGs into a collection of worms while ensuring that the worm-partition is legal. Although the algorithm does not guarantee the minimum number of worms, it runs in optimal O(|V| + |E|) time. This is in contrast to the known method for producing the minimum number of worms that runs in O( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">|V|</sup> 2 + |V| |E|). We apply the algorithm to benchmark real problems and show its comparable results to the previous method. Then we study some DAG properties that are related to worm partitioning. We derive a necessary condition for the minimum number of worms in a given DAG. In other words, a lower bound for the number of worms. Then we identify two important classes of DAGs, for which this necessary condition is sufficient as well; i.e. we show that the lower bound is a tight one. Finally, we show that our algorithm generates the minimum number of worms for theses classes of DAGs.
Ubiquitin is a component of the microtubule network. (1988)

Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to study the intracellular localization of ubiquitin. Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK cells) and several other cell lines were probed with a well characterized monoclonal antibody to ubiquitin. The antibody stained a complex cellular structure that we identified as the microtubule network. The anti-ubiquitin antibody bound to the microtubule network at all stages of the cell cycle, and we showed that the apparent association of ubiquitin with the microtubule network is not an artifact of crosslinking of free ubiquitin to the cell structure. Immunoblot procedures demonstrated that tubulin itself was not ubiquitinated. We propose that ubiquitin and/or ubiquitin-protein conjugates are associated with those networks as a new class of microtubule-associated protein. The targeting of ubiquitin to specific sites within the cell by its association with the microtubule network may regulate some of the functions of ubiquitin.
A Microprocessor Controlled Phase Measurement System for 2856 Mhz Pulses (2005)

A computer controlled phase detection system used to measure and stabilize the phase of high power RF pulses in the two mile Stanford Linear Accelerator has been developed. This system measures the phase of a 1 µsec 2856 MHz 50 MW RF pulse with respect to a CW reference signal at the same frequency at a 180 Hz rate with <0.2° resolution.