gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards human-centric personalized expertise ranking in community-based question answering (2013)

Search engine has been the major source for discovering user-generated content with authority, not only on content-centric multimedia but also on human-centric social networks. Many studies have demonstrated the power of graph-based ranking algorithms to propagate reputation and expertise along social graph composed of users' links for information search, to promote experts and demote spams. However, these existing works shed little light on personalized expertise ranking algorithm from view of the topic-relevance between users' interests. In this study, we demonstrated the existence of homophily in users' interests measured by social annotations using AskMeFi, a large scale community-driven question and answering (CQA) system. We discovered that best answers as rated by questioners (users posting questions), are inclined to arrive promptly from co-interest users with authority and topic-relevance after the questions are posted. We proposed Human-centric Personalized Expertise Ranking, a graph-based algorithm which takes the topic-relevance and authority among co-interest users and time traits into the computation of the expertise level of users. The experimental results revealed that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms other non-personalized expertise ranking algorithms.
TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL FROSTBITE WITH LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEXTRAN (1964)

D. MUNDTH, ELD RED LT, MC, USNR; LONG, DAVID M. LCDR, MC, USNR; BROWN, ROBERT B. RADM, MC, USN Author Information
Double-Quantum External Photoelectric Effect in Organic Crystals (1965)

Illumination of anthracene, tetracene, and perylene single crystals with strongly absorbed light of energy several electron volts smaller than the reported threshold for electron emission, produces electron emission at a rate proportional to the square of the light intensity, indicating the occurrence of a biphotonic process. Evidence is presented in the case of anthracene indicating that a singlet exciton—exciton interaction is involved. The efficiency of photoemission in anthracene is 10−25 I0, where I0 is the intensity of 3650-Å light. The escape depth of the electrons is estimated as equal to or greater than 40 Å.
Social Network Discovery Based on Sensitivity Analysis (2009)

This paper presents a novel methodology for social network discovery based on the sensitivity coefficients of importance metrics, namely the Markov centrality of a node, a metric based on random walks. Analogous to node importance, which ranks the important nodes in a social network, the sensitivity analysis of this metric provides a ranking of the relationships between nodes. The sensitivity parameter of the importance of a node with respect to another measures the direct or indirect impact of a node. We show that these relationships help discover hidden links between nodes and highlight meaningful links between seemingly disparate sub-networks in a social structure. We introduce the notion of implicit links, which represent an indirect relationship between nodes not connected by edges, seen as hidden connections in complex networks. We demonstrate our methodology on two social network data sets and use sensitivity-guided visualizations to highlight our findings. Our results show that this analytic tool, when coupled with visualization, is an effective mechanism for discovering social networks.
The nucleotide sequen of human tRNA<sup>Gly</sup>(anticodon GCC) (1979)

The sequence of tRNAGCCGly from human placenta was determined by recently developed postlabeling techniques. The tRNA was digested completely with RNases T1 and A in the presence of alkaline phosphatase, the oligonucleotides were 3'-terminally (3H)-labeled, mapped on PEI-cellulose thin layers, isolated, and sequenced by methods based on base-specific cleavages. Overlaps were obtained by readout sequencing techniques on polyacrylamide gels and PEI-cellulose thin layers. The thin-layer readout technique was used also to locate and identify modified nucleotides. The primary structure was found to exhibit a large degree of homology (94.6%) with silkworm tRNAGCCGly but only 67.6% homology with human tRNACCCGly.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Excitotoxicity: From Pathological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target (2010)

Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is responsible for neuronal death in acute neurological conditions as well as in chronic neurodegeneration. In this review, we give an overview of the contribution of excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The selective motor neuron death that is the hallmark of this neurodegenerative disease seems to be related to a number of intrinsic characteristics of these neurons. Most of these characteristics relate to calcium entry and calcium handling in the motor neurons as intracellular free calcium concentrations increase quickly due to a high glutamate-induced calcium influx in combination with a low calcium buffering capacity. The high calcium influx is because of the presence of GluR2 lacking, calcium-permeable AMPA receptors while a low expression of calcium binding proteins explains the low calcium buffering capacity. In the absence of these proteins, mitochondria play an important role to remove calcium from the cytoplasm. While all of these characteristics make at least a subpopulation of motor neurons intrinsically very prone to AMPA receptor mediated excitotoxicity, this vulnerability is further increased by the disease process. Mutated genes as well as unknown factors do not only influence the intrinsic characteristics of the motor neurons, but also the properties of the surrounding astrocytes. In conclusion, excitotoxicity remains an intriguing pathological pathway that could not only explain the selectivity of the motor neuron death but also the role of surrounding non-neuronal cells in ALS. In addition, excitotoxicity is also an interesting drug-able target as indicated by the only FDA-approved drug, riluzole, as well as by a number of ongoing clinical trials.
Pulmonary Edema Monitoring Sensor With Integrated Body-Area Network for Remote Medical Sensing (2014)

A wearable health monitoring sensor integrated with a body-area network is presented for the diagnosis of pulmonary edema. This sensor is composed of 17 electrodes with 16 ports in-between and is intended to be placed on the human chest to detect lung irregularities by measuring the lung's average dielectric permittivity in a non-invasive way. Specifically, the sensor's active port is fed by a 40 MHz RF signal and its passive ports measure the corresponding amplitudes of the scattering parameters (S-parameters). The dielectric constant of the lung is then post-processed and expressed as a weighted sum of the S-parameters measured from each port. An important aspect of the sensor is the use of multiple electrodes which mitigates the effect of the outer layers (skin, fat and muscle) on the lung's permittivity. This allows for the characterization of deeper tissue layers. To validate the sensor, tissue-emulating gels were employed to mimic in-vivo tissues. Measurements of the lung's permittivity in both healthy and pulmonary edema states are carried out to validate the sensor's efficacy. Using the proposed post processing technique, the calculated permittivity of the lung from the measured S-parameters demonstrated error less than 11% compared to the direct measured value. Concurrently, a medical sensing body-area network (MS-BAN) is also employed to provide for remote data transfer. Measured results via the MS-BAN are well matched to those obtained by direct measurement. Thus, the MS-BAN enables the proposed sensor with continuous and robust remote sensing capability.
<i>Disc1</i> is mutated in the 129S6/SvEv strain and modulates working memory in mice (2006)

Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia (DISC1) is a leading candidate schizophrenia susceptibility gene. Here, we describe a deletion variant in mDisc1 specific to the 129S6/SvEv strain that introduces a termination codon at exon 7, abolishes production of the full-length protein, and impairs working memory performance when transferred to the C57BL/6J genetic background. Our findings provide insights into how DISC1 variation contributes to schizophrenia susceptibility in humans and the behavioral divergence between 129S6/SvEv and C57BL/6J mouse strains and have implications for modeling psychiatric diseases in mice.
Antigenic and restriction enzyme analysis of isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis recovered from persistently infected cattle (1989)

Thirty-two isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis were obtained from 1 bull and 4 heifers with experimentally induced infection. When whole-cell antigens of isolates were cross titrated with antisera to the infecting strain, isolates from 3 heifers had limited antigenic variation, whereas whole-cell antigens of isolates from 2 cattle (the bull and a heifer) differed serologically from those of the infecting strain. Changes were detected specifically in 6 heat-labile antigens. Of the 6 heat-labile factors evaluated, all were initially present on the infecting parent strain, but not on early isolates obtained from 4 of the 5 cattle. Restriction enzyme analysis revealed minor variation in the DNA fingerprints of isolates obtained from individual cattle, thus implying stability of the Campylobacter genome once persistent infection is established. Isolates with identical restriction enzyme patterns expressed different heat-labile antigens. Correlation could not be found between the DNA electrophoretic pattern and the expression of heat-labile antigens.
The blues : an Afro-American matrix for black South African writing (1989)

In his essay My Experience as a Writer Es'kia Mphahlele recalls how Langston Hughes sent him a copy of his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues, thereby also initiating a long friendship. Mphahlele's first discovery of the Afro-American writersHughes himself, James Baldwin and Richard Wrightcaused a shock of recognition: Wright's volume of short stories, Uncle Toms Children, contained the kind of violence and brutal truths about white racism that struck a common chord
Network interface design for low latency request-response protocols (2013)

Ethernet network interfaces in commodity systems are designed with a focus on achieving high bandwidth at low CPU utilization, while often sacrificing latency. This approach is viable only if the high interface latency is still overwhelmingly dominated by software request processing times. However, recent efforts to lower software latency in request-response based systems, such as memcached and RAMCloud, have promoted network interface into a significant contributor to the overall latency. We present a low latency network interface design suitable for request-response based applications. Evaluation on a prototype FPGA implementation has demonstrated that our design exhibits more than double latency improvements without a meaningful negative impact on either bandwidth or CPU power. We also investigate latency-power tradeoffs between using interrupts and polling, as well as the effects of processor's low power states.
Lamont natural radiocarbon measurements, [Part] 7. (1961)

Radiocarbon-age measurements reported here were made at Lamont Geological Observatory between July 1958 and November 1960. Sample descriptions are classified as follows: 1) samples associated with glacial deposits, 2) samples associated with marine coastal deposits, 3) samples associated with marine coastal deposits uplifted by glacial rebound, 4) samples associated with pluvial-lake deposits, 5) samples from deep-sea cores, 6) samples from cave deposits, 7) miscellaneous samples of geologic interest, 8) samples of archeologic interest. Ages reported here are obtained by CO (sub 2) gas-proportional counting at 1 or 2 atmospheres pressure in 2- or 5-liter counters. At best, finite ages between 40,000 and 45,000 yr. are the upper limit, although no samples in this range are reported here. As adopted at the Groningen Radiocarbon Conference of 1959, the contemporary activity used in age calculations is here taken as 95% of the activity of standard oxalic acid (distributed by NBS). Unless otherwise stated, all samples in this list are calculated on this basis. Thus, if any sample reported here is identical with that dated by another laboratory using the same contemporary value, ages should agree within experimental error.
Birth of piglets after OPS vitrification and transfer of compacted morula stage embryos with intact zona pellucida (2001)

In swine, five to six days post-insemination, morulae and blastocysts are collected together after uterine flushing. The purpose of this study was to vitrify zona pellucida-intact morulae with Open Pulled Straw (OPS) technology and obtain piglets after transfer. Morulae (200) were vitrified after a two-step equilibration in ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide and sucrose in Hepes-buffered TCM199 + 20% NBCS medium (TCM). 2-6 morulae were loaded into OPS and plunged into liquid nitrogen. At embryo warming, a three-step dilution with decreasing concentrations of sucrose was applied. In each of 10 recipients, 20 morulae were transferred surgically. Day 25, gestation rate and the farrowing rate were 80% and 70%, respectively. The pregnant recipients farrowed from 1 to 8 piglets and the survival of total transferred embryos was 13%. Although survival rates are still compromised, OPS technology is therefore appropriate to cryopreserve porcine morulae with intact zona pellucida.
Virtual reality welder training (2010)

This document describes the Virtual Reality Simulated MIG Lab (sMIG), a system for Virtual Reality welder training. It is designed to reproduce the experience of metal inert gas (MIG) welding faithfully enough to be used as a teaching tool for beginning welding students. To make the experience as realistic as possible it employs physically accurate and tracked input devices, a real-time welding simulation, real-time sound generation and a 3D display for output. Thanks to being a fully digital system it can go beyond providing just a realistic welding experience by giving interactive and immediate feedback to the student to avoid learning wrong movements from day 1.
Photoactivated Localization Microscopy with Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC-PALM) (2015)

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are key molecular events to biology. However, it remains a challenge to visualize PPIs with sufficient resolution and sensitivity in cells because the resolution of conventional light microscopy is diffraction-limited to ~250 nm. By combining bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) with photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), PPIs can be visualized in cells with single molecule sensitivity and nanometer spatial resolution. BiFC is a commonly used technique for visualizing PPIs with fluorescence contrast, which involves splitting of a fluorescent protein into two non-fluorescent fragments. PALM is a recent superresolution microscopy technique for imaging biological samples at the nanometer and single molecule scales, which uses phototransformable fluorescent probes such as photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PA-FPs). BiFC-PALM was demonstrated by splitting PAmCherry1, a PA-FP compatible with PALM, for its monomeric nature, good single molecule brightness, high contrast ratio, and utility for stoichiometry measurements. When split between amino acids 159 and 160, PAmCherry1 can be made into a BiFC probe that reconstitutes efficiently at 37 °C with high specificity to PPIs and low non-specific reconstitution. Ras-Raf interaction is used as an example to show how BiFC-PALM helps to probe interactions at the nanometer scale and with single molecule resolution. Their diffusion can also be tracked in live cells using single molecule tracking (smt-) PALM. In this protocol, factors to consider when designing the fusion proteins for BiFC-PALM are discussed, sample preparation, image acquisition, and data analysis steps are explained, and a few exemplary results are showcased. Providing high spatial resolution, specificity, and sensitivity, BiFC-PALM is a useful tool for studying PPIs in intact biological samples.
Fluorometric detection of the bilayer-to-hexagonal phase transition in liposomes (1988)

We have used the fluorescent probe N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE) to detect the bilayer-to-hexagonal phase transition. The fluorescence intensity of the probe was found to increase during the bilayer-to-hexagonal transition. The bilayer-to-hexagonal transitions of various types of phosphatidylethanolamine or cardiolipin measured by this method are consistent with results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. To establish this method for wider use, agents known to alter the bilayer-to-hexagonal transition were examined, and the results are comparable with the published data. The added advantage of this fluorometric method over other currently available techniques is that it is applicable not only for aggregated lipid samples but also for dilute liposome suspensions. This is especially important when one of the components of the system under study can partition between lipid and aqueous phase. Since NBD is located near the headgroup region of the bilayer, it most likely detects the change of the environment surrounding that region. On the basis of our present study, it appears that NBD-PE is sufficiently sensitive to detect bilayer-to-hexagonal phase transition.
Soluble Sugars, Respiration, and Energy Charge during Aging of Excised Maize Root Tips (1980)

Oxygen uptake and energy charge were monitored during aging of excised maize root tips and related to the soluble sugar content and exogenous sugar supply.Oxygen uptake declined immediately after excision to 50 to 30% of its initial value after 8 and 24 hours of aging at 25 C. There was also a sharp decline of the total sugar content (glucose, fructose, and sucrose). Starch content was very low at the time of excision and almost negligible 5 hours later. During the same period, the respiratory quotient declined from 1 to 0.75 and then remained stable.The addition of exogenous sugars induced a rapid rise of the respiratory rate which stabilized at a level correlated to the external sugar concentration. Addition of 0.2 molar glucose was necessary to restore the respiratory rate to the initial, also the maximum, level. These results indicate that metabolic activity of root tips is highly reliant on sugar import and carbohydrate reserves at the time of excision cannot compensate for the cessation of import. The control of respiration by substrate supply is in good agreement with the failure for dinitrophenol to stimulate oxygen uptake in aged sugar-depleted root tips.The energy charge remained constant at about 0.9, irrespective of the presence or absence of glucose and in spite of a large decline of respiratory activity in aged, sugar-depleted tissues.
Enhancement of Passive Fire Protection Ability of Inorganic Fire Retardants in Vinyl Ester Resin Using Glass Frit Synergists (2010)

Two types of glass frit samples, XF100 and XF105 (Johnson Matthey), in combination with conventional inorganic flame retardants, Ultracarb (mixture of huntite and hydromagnesite) and alumina trihydrate, were introduced into a thermoset vinyl ester resin. The methodology involved dispersing glass additives with other two flame retardants in different ratios in a vinyl ester resin and casting into plaques. Thermal stability and flammability of the samples studied by thermogravimetry, LOI and UL-94, indicated that the presence of glass frit increased the char yield and reduced the burning rate of the resin sample. The results from cone calorimetry at 50 kW/m 2 heat flux showed that both glass frits, XF100 and XF105, improved the effectiveness of Ultracarb and alumina trihydrate, respectively by increasing the time-to-ignition, reducing total heat release values, and char formation, only when they were used in low amounts in the combinations. However, they did not help in reducing the respective peak of heat release rates, indicating their passive fire protection mechanism.
Prediction of low dose-rate effects in power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors based on isochronal annealing measurements (1997)

A method for predicting the long term behavior of semiconductor devices in the low dose-rate ionizing-radiation space environment is presented. The operating conditions related to this environment are briefly reviewed. The new method consists of three major steps. The first step is the determination of the trap characteristics using the experimental recording of an isochronal annealing curve. The second step is the prediction of the isothermal annealing behavior deduced from the experimentally deduced trap characteristics. This approach makes it possible to avoid time-consuming isothermal measurements. As trapping and detrapping processes are independent, combining both processes by convolution, the last step, allows prediction of low dose-rate effects. Up to now, this accelerated characterization method has not been applied to electronic devices. An experimental application of the model to predict the long term behavior of a typical metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is given and the results, as well as the validity and the limitations of the model, are discussed.
A novel loss-of-function mutation in the proton-coupled folate transporter from a patient with hereditary folate malabsorption reveals that Arg 113 is crucial for function (2008)

Hereditary folate malabsorption (HFM) patients harbor inactivating mutations including R113S in the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), an intestinal folate transporter with optimal activity at acidic pH. Here we identified and characterized a novel R113C mutation residing in the highly conserved first intracellular loop of PCFT. Stable transfectants overexpressing a Myc-tagged wild-type (WT) and mutant R113C PCFT displayed similar transporter targeting to the plasma membrane. However, whereas WT PCFT transfectants showed a 22-fold increase in [(3)H]folic acid influx at pH 5.5, R113C or mock transfectants showed no increase. Moreover, WT PCFT transfectants displayed a 50% folic acid growth requirement concentration of 7 nM, whereas mock and R113C transfectants revealed 24- to 27-fold higher values. Consistently, upon fluorescein-methotrexate labeling, WT PCFT transfectants displayed a 50% methotrexate displacement concentration of 50 nM, whereas mock and R113C transfectants exhibited 12- to 14-fold higher values. Based on the crystal structure of the homologous Escherichia coli glycerol-3-phosphate transporter, we propose that the cationic R113 residue of PCFT is embedded in a hydrophobic pocket formed by several transmembrane helices that may be part of a folate translocation pore. These findings establish a novel loss of function mutation in HFM residing in an intracellular loop of PCFT crucial for folate transport.
Energy efficient synchronization techniques for embedded architectures (2008)

We evaluate the energy-efficiency and performance of a number of synchronization mechanisms adapted for embedded devices. We focus on simple hardware accelerators for common software synchronization patterns. We compare the energy efficiency of a range of shared memory benchmarks using both spin-locks and a simple hardware transactional memory. In most cases, transactional memory provides both significantly reduced energy consumption and increased throughput. We also consider applications that employ concurrency patterns based on semaphores, such as pipelines and barriers. We propose and evaluate a novel energy-efficient hardware semaphore construction in which cores spin on local scratchpad memory, reducing the load on the shared bus.