gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenoviral Delivery of the VEGF and BMP-6 Genes to Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells Potentiates Osteogenesis (2013)

The combined delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to sites of bone injury results in enhanced repair compared to the administration of a single factor or a combination of two factors. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that coexpression of VEGF and BMP-6 genes would enhance the osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone-marrow-derived stem cells (rMSCs) and osteogenesis by comparison to rMSCs that do not express VEGF and BMP-6. We prepared a GFP tagged adenovirus vector (Ad-VEGF+BMP-6) that contained DNA encoding the hVEGF and hBMP-6 genes. rMSCs were transduced with the virus, and the successful transduction was confirmed by green fluorescence and by production of VEGF and BMP-6 proteins. The cells were cultured to assess osteoblastic differentiation or administered in the Fischer 344 rats to assess bone formation. Mineralization of rMSCs transduced with Ad-VEGF+BMP-6 was significantly enhanced over the nontransduced rMSCs. Only transduced rMSCs could induce osteogenesis in vivo, whereas Ad-VEGF+BMP-6 or nontransduced rMSCs alone did not induce osteogenesis. The data suggests that the combined delivery of MSCs, VEGF, and BMP-6 is an attractive option for bone repair therapy.
Mapping of the fibrotropic and lymphotropic host range determinants of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (1988)

The fibrotropic and lymphotropic strains of minute virus of mice are each unable to grow lytically in the differentiated host cell type of the other strain. To map the viral sequence responsible for the target cell specificities of the two strains, we constructed chimeric viral genomes in vitro from infectious genomic clones. The phenotypes of viral progeny derived from the chimeric genomes were tested by transfecting the plasmids into fibroblast monolayers and assaying plaque formation and by testing stocks of the recombinant viruses for cytotoxicity in fibroblast and lymphocyte cultures. Both the fibrotropic and lymphotropic determinants mapped to the same 237-nucleotide sequence within the coding region of the virus structural gene. A second sequence, near the viral promoter at map unit 38, was also shown to affect viral growth in fibroblast host cells profoundly.
Linear flowchart generator for a structured language (1976)

This article refers to a paper by Nassi and Shneiderman published in this review [1]. They introduced a type of flowchart specially designed for structured programming. We have defined a similar flowchart language for the PASCAL programming language [2, 3] and designed a program which, given a program written in PASCAL, generates the corresponding flowchart. The article presents a description of the output produced by this flowchart generator.
Battery Evaluation Profiles for X-57 and Future Urban Electric Aircraft (2020)

Battery energy density is one of the most critical design parameters for sizing all-electric aircraft, but it’s easily overestimated. Establishing the effective, usable energy density is confused by varying degrees of margin needed to account for structural and thermal management between different cell chemistry and pack designs. A better methodology is needed to fairly compare emerging battery technologies for electric aircraft. Currently, there is a loss of critical information when vehicle trade studies are performed using “nominal” published cell-level performance metrics. Aircraft power demands rarely match these nominal power profiles, and aircraft designers lack the ability to accurately simulate the battery performance and temperature off-nominally unless the battery chemistry is well established. Conversely, battery suppliers are unable to publish more realistic performance metrics due to a lack of generalized reference cases. This can lead to poor assumptions. For example, aircraft studies may assume a fixed discharge efficiency of a battery, when in reality the usable energy in a pack is dependent on the power and thermal profile. Information needed to properly assess weight penalties for thermal management is also typically poorly characterized when assessing candidate batteries. This paper serves to better inform battery development, and, similarly, provide aircraft designers with more realistic assumptions for applying knockdown margins in their designs. Detailed power and thermal performance estimates are described, which also provide a starting point for sizing power and thermal budgets using experimentally derived battery models. Results show that the average X-57 aircraft battery-to-shaft efficiency is 77.3% for a particular optimized mission. Considering a 25% reserve on the battery capacity, only close to half of the original 55.3kWh ‘nominal’ pack energy can be converted to useful work during a mission. Further estimates on a clean-sheet quad-rotor optimization show an average 82.7% battery-to-shaft efficiency, using 98% peak efficiency inverters and 97.4% peak efficiency motors. Although higher battery efficiencies are possible using larger packs, the resulting weight penalty negates improvement in vehicle performance. These trade-offs and resulting power profiles are provided as a starting point to better assess future battery designs.
Integration of a Reconstituted de Novo Synthesized Hemoprotein and Native Metalloproteins with Electrode Supports for Bioelectronic and Bioelectrocatalytic Applications (1999)

A four-helix bundle de novo synthesized protein is assembled as a monolayer onto a Au electrode. Two of the helices include each two histidine units. This allows the reconstitution of the de novo protein with two Fe(III)−protoporphyrin IX units. Electrochemical characterization of the bis-heme-functionalized de novo protein, surface coverage 2.5 × 10-11 mol·cm-2, reveals that the heme site close to the electrode surface exhibits a redox potential, E° = −0.43 V (vs SCE), whereas the heme center in the remote position with respect to the electrode exhibits a more positive potential, E° = −0.36 V (vs SCE). This enabled the use of the de novo protein as a rectifier element in which rapid vectorial electron transfer occurs. The bis-heme-functionalized de novo protein assembled onto the electrode forms an affinity complex with the cytochrome b1-dependent nitrate reductase (NR, E.C. 1.9.6.1). The affinity complex was cross-linked with glutaric dialdehyde to yield an integrated, electrically contacted, enzyme electrode for the effective bioelectrocatalyzed reduction of NO3-, current yield 80%. Similarly, the bis-heme-reconstituted de novo protein assembly forms an affinity complex with Co(II)−protoporphyrin-reconstituted myoglobin, Co(II)−Mb. Cross-linking of the affinity complex between the de novo synthesized hemoprotein and Co(II)−Mb with glutaric dialdehyde results in an integrated bioelectrocatalytic electrode for the electrocatalyzed hydrogenation of acetylene dicarboxylic acid (3) to maleic acid (4), current yield 85%.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of DYRK1A Identified by Computational and Experimental Approaches (2020)

Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a protein kinase with diverse functions in cell regulation. Abnormal expression and activity of DYRK1A contribute to numerous human malignancies, Down syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. Notably, DYRK1A has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes because of its key role in pancreatic β-cell proliferation. Consequently, DYRK1A is an attractive drug target for a variety of diseases. Here, we report the identification of several DYRK1A inhibitors using our in-house topological water network-based approach. All inhibitors were further verified by in vitro assay.
Peripheral Nerve Defect Repair With Epineural Tubes Supported With Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2011)

The epineural tube is a viable, naturally occurring biologic conduit for nerve repair. Cotransplantation of BMSC-enhanced nerve regeneration by means of increased myelinization and expression of neurotrophic factors. Overall, obtained results with epineural tube/BMSC construct were comparable to autograft repair.
A critical examination of the bioplasma hypothesis. (1986)

The hypothesis of Zon (Physiol. Chem. and Physics 11, 501-506 (1979); 12, 357-364 (1980] that regions of semiconduction within living organisms may exhibit plasma behaviour is shown to be most unlikely. Although charge carrier concentrations may be acceptable, calculated Debye lengths are shown to be only marginally acceptable and calculated plasma frequencies are not sufficiently high to ensure that charge carrier motions are governed by electrical and magnetic forces rather than hydrodynamic considerations. For the latter reason, conventional semiconductors do not exhibit plasma behaviour except close to absolute zero and if they are free from impurities and lattice disorder. The experimental evidences presented for the existence of biological plasma (bioplasma) from the areas of Kirlian photography, mitogenetic radiation, acupuncture and studies of biological fields, are largely explainable in conventional terms without invoking the existence of biological plasma.
Evaluation of the computational effort for chromatic dispersion compensation in coherent optical PM-OFDM and PM-QAM systems (2009)

Recently, coherent-detection (CoD) polarization multiplexed (PM) transmission has attracted considerable interest, specifically as a possible solution for next-generation systems transmitting 100 Gb/s per channel and beyond. In this context, enabled by progress in ultra-fast digital signal processing (DSP) electronics, both multilevel phase/amplitude modulated formats (such as QAM) and orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) formats have been proposed. One specific feature of DSP-supported CoD is the possibility of dealing with fiber chromatic dispersion (CD) electronically, either by post-filtering (PM-QAM) or by appropriately introducing symbol-duration redundancy (PM-OFDM). In both cases, ultra-long-haul fully uncompensated links seem to be possible. In this paper we estimate the computational effort required by CD compensation, when using the PM-QAM or PM-OFDM formats. Such effort, when expressed as number of operations per received bit, was found to be logarithmic with respect to link length, bit rate and fiber dispersion, for both classes of systems. We also found that PM-OFDM may have some advantage over PM-QAM, depending mostly on the over-sampling needed by the two systems. Asymptotically, for large channel memory and small over-sampling, the two systems tend to require the same CD-compensation computational effort. We also showed that the effort required by the mitigation of polarization-related effects can in principle be made small as compared to that of CD over long uncompensated links.
Importance of 5'-terminal blocking structure to stabilize mRNA in eukaryotic protein synthesis. (1977)

The 7-methylguanylic acid residue confronting the 5'-terminal nucleotide of mRNA through two pyrophosphate linkages was completely removed by tobacco pyrophosphatase from mRNAs of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, tobacco mosaic virus (viral RNA), and globin without any scission in the inner part of the RNA chain. Protein synthesis ability in a wheat germ cell-free system was lost after this treatment of all three kinds of mRNA. The initiation complexes for protein synthesis of these three RNAs were not obtained after using tobacco phosphodiesterase-treated mRNA. On incubation of mRNA in a wheat germ extract, the mRNA lacking m7G was quickly degraded from the 5' terminus in an exonucleolytic way, whereas the intact mRNA remained stable. These results show that one of the confronting nucleotide structure's functions is to stabilize the mRNA, to prevent its degradation.
The Impact of Surprise Information on the Relation between Volatility and Trading Volume in Exchange Rate Markets (in Korean) (2007)

This paper introduces the concept of 'surprise information', which is distinguished from general information, and demonstrates employing the MDH theory that its effect on the relationship between volatility and trading volumes in markets differs from that of general information. Ignorance of the feature of surprise information might lead to conflicting results concerning this relationship in empirical studies. Further, to pick up on unobservable surprise information, this paper proposes a method based upon a quantile regression approach and adds a dummy variable for surprise information into the variance equation in GARCH models. Strong evidence in favor of the specification over the standard GARCH is based on empirical application with high frequency data of KRW/USD exchange rates, which substantially support the distinctly positive relationship between volatility and trading volumes and show a significant reduction of GARCH effects.
Nitric Oxide and Thermogenic Function of Brown Adipose Tissue in Rats. (2000)

To clarify the effects of cold acclimation and immobilization stress adaptation of rats on nitric oxide (NO) activity in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), we incubated neatly diced (1-mm(3) blocks) BAT in a metabolic chamber for respiration, measured oxygen consumption using a Clark electrode, and estimated NO release in the buffer medium by measuring nitrite plus nitrate (NO(x)) using the Griess method (diazotization reaction). The production of NO(x) in the buffer medium confirmed that BAT releases NO, as there is no other source of NO(x) in the system. The NO activity was observed in the basal condition and increased with noradrenaline stimulation, showing a correlation with oxygen consumption in the warm (25 degrees C)-acclimated control rats. Cold acclimation (5 degrees C, 5 weeks) or immobilization stress adaptation (3 h daily, 25 degrees C, 5 weeks) caused enhanced NO activity in the basal condition in comparison with the control. We suggest that NO is involved in enhancement of the thermogenic functions of BAT in rats.
MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Mild Asthmatic Human Airways and Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy (2009)

Changes in miRNA expression do not appear to be involved in the development of a mild asthmatic phenotype or in the anti-inflammatory action of the corticosteroid budesonide.
Preparation and Properties of Purified Antilactic Dehydrogenase (1958)

Summary Antibodies inhibitory to rabbit muscle lactic dehydrogenase (LD) have been produced in roosters and purified. A reliable assay procedure for anti-LD activity has been devised and a unit of anti-LD activity defined. In these experiments the route of injection (intravenous or subcutaneous + intravenous) did not appear to influence the titer obtained. The peak of anti-LD activity occurred sooner than did the peak of precipitin activity. The purified antienzyme was found to serve as a noncompetitive inhibitor of rabbit lactic dehydrogenase. A plot of the logarithm of anti-rabbit LD concentration vs. the per cent inhibition of lactic dehydrogenase resulted in a sigmoid curve, showing that the use of large concentrations of anti-LD could approach but never attain 100% inhibition. A study of inhibition kinetics suggested that one molecule of anti-LD was sufficient to inhibit one molecule of LD. An increased concentration of LD resulted in a lower per cent inhibition with a fixed quantity of anti-LD. The per cent inhibition obtained was independent of temperature. It was also apparently independent of the order in which the reagents were added but an excessively long time interval was required for equilibration of anti-LD with LD when the coenzyme (DPNH) was mixed with enzyme before the addition of antienzyme. Purified antirabbit LD showed various degrees of inhibition of the lactic dehydrogenases from diverse species. In general considerable cross reaction occurred with mouse LD.
The Racial Logic of <i>Grey’s Anatomy</i> (2014)

Shonda Rhimes is one of the most successful and celebrated black female American television producers. With such hits as ABC’s Grey’s Anatomy, Private Practice, and Scandal, Rhimes has established herself as a showrunner with a passion for women’s stories. However, as much as Rhimes is touted for her narratives of strong women, she is equally touted for recirculating a casting practice called blindcasting back into public discourse. Blindcasting, the process of not writing race into the script, is often considered a progressive step toward actors’ equality. However, the pitfalls of blindcasting as well as its larger purpose in the process of reinforcing a colorblind, post-race society need to be unearthed. The aim of this article is to unpack how blindcasting operates in Grey’s as well as in Rhimes’s politics through a discursive analysis of her self-fashioning, interviews with her cast and a close reading of her characters.
Broadband circular and linear polarization conversions realized by thin birefringent reflective metasurfaces (2014)

Broadband circular and linear polarization conversions have been proposed in the paper by using thin birefringent reflective metasurfaces, which are composed of two orthogonal I-shaped structures placed on the top of a printed circuit broad with grounded plane on the bottom. We show that the metasurface manipulates the reflective phases of two orthogonal linearly-polarized waves independently by changing the dimensions of I-shaped structure. Hence, the polarization states of a linearly-polarized incident wave with normal incidence can be manipulated as desired after reflected by the anisotropic metasurface. Two polarization conversions have been presented by using such thin birefringent reflective metasurfaces: from linearly-polarized wave to circularly-polarized wave, and from linearly-polarized wave to cross-polarized wave. The metasurfaces work at microwave frequency, and the axial ratio better than 1dB is achieved within fractional bandwidth of 15% for circular polarization. Numerical and experiment results demonstrate good polarization conversions in a broad frequency band, which have excellent agreements with the theoretical calculations.
Lattice dynamics and stability of modulated-strain structures for elastic phase transitions in alloys (1993)

In this paper we intend to discuss in detail the question of an instability process of modulated-strain structures in alloys that undergo a first-order phase transformation. In addition, we aim at characterizing the formation of nonlinear structures in the pretransformation regime produced by the instability mechanism. The model is based on a two-dimensional lattice including nonlinear and competing interactions, which play a key role in the instability of a homogeneous solution. Although the main body of the study is devoted to the nonlinear dynamics of a lattice model, an excursion in linear analysis provides us with necessary results about the critical behavior of the system. Indeed, the linear problem leads us to the study of the phonon-dispersion branch, and the existence of a critical point of the phonon-dispersion curve is then shown for a particular value of the elastic coefficient (here, the control parameter of the phase transition). This critical behavior is, in fact, related to the softening of the dispersion curve at a nonzero wave number. The nonlinear analysis becomes essential when the system is linearly unstable in the vicinity of the critical point. An amplitude equation of the Ginzburg-Landau type is next deduced in a semidiscrete approach by using a multiple-scale technique. The examination of the stability of steady solutions allows one to determine the nature of the bifurcation near the critical point. The study of the bifurcating stationary solutions shows an instability process for long-wavelength modulations taking place in the transverse direction of the two-dimensional system. The mechanism of self-generated nonlinear structures in the two-dimensional lattice near the critical region of the phonon dispersion is numerically investigated. Nontrivial localized structures are then demonstrated. By way of conclusion, some emphasis is placed on the pretransformation phenomena in martensitic materials or ferroelastic crystals.
Joseph Hawley, Colonial Radical (1932)

Journal Article Joseph Hawley, Colonial Radical By E. Francis Brown. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1931. xi + 213 pp. $2.75.) Get access Philip M. Hamer Philip M. Hamer University of Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 19, Issue 2, September 1932, Page 274, https://doi.org/10.2307/1891465 Published: 01 September 1932
PSD protein and the progression of pain research (2008)

Postsynaptic density (PSD) is a kind of 'density' which is visible in the electron microscope at the postsynaptie membrane. The 'density' includes a lot of receptors and kinases binding on some scaffold proteins. Amang of PSD, NMDA receptor,CaMKIII, PSD -93 and PSD -95 may play an important role in pain occurrence, maintenance and management, themself may have the 'delicacy' modulation on each other.

Key words: 
postsynaptic eensity; pain
The INTERSALT study: relations of body mass index to blood pressure. INTERSALT Co-operative Research Group. (1989)

In INTERSALT, the relationship between body mass index (kg/m2) and blood pressure was studied in 10,079 men and women aged 20-59, sampled from 52 centres around the world, based on a standardised protocol with central training of observers, a central laboratory and extensive quality control. Body mass index-blood pressure relationships were first studied in men and women within each centre, and results of these regression analyses were then pooled for all 52 centres. With adjustment for age, alcohol intake, smoking, and sodium and potassium excretion, body mass index was positively associated with systolic blood pressure among men in 51 of 52 centres and among women in 47, significantly so in 24 and 27, respectively. Body mass index was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure in 51 and 49 centres in men and women, respectively, significantly so in 33 and 31. When the within centre regression coefficients were pooled, the pooled coefficients were highly significant in all analyses (P less than 0.001), and were similar for those aged 20-39 and 40-59. Overall, a 10 kg difference in body weight was associated on average with a 3.0 mmHg difference in systolic and a 2.2 mmHg difference in diastolic pressure. In further analyses across centres, median body mass index was related significantly to median systolic blood pressure, median diastolic pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in both men and women. Body mass index was related to the slopes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with age in women, but not in men. These INTERSALT findings confirm the importance of the association between body weight and blood pressure. Differences of 2-3 mmHg in systolic blood pressure on a population basis have been shown to be associated with differences in stroke mortality rates of 6-9 per cent and in coronary death rates of 4-6 per cent.
Retinal atlas statistics from color fundus images (2010)

An atlas provides a reference anatomic structure and an associated coordinate system. An atlas may be used in a variety of applications, including segmentation and registration, and can be used to characterize anatomy across a population. We present a method for generating an atlas of the human retina from 500 color fundus image pairs. Using color fundus image pairs, we register image pairs to obtain a larger anatomic field of view. Key retinal anatomic features are selected for atlas landmarks: disk center, fovea, and main vessel arch. An atlas coordinate system is defined based on the statistics of the landmarks. Images from the population are warped into the atlas space to produce a statistical retinal atlas which can be used for automatic diagnosis, concise indexing, semantic blending, etc.