gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter wave induced reversible externalization of phosphatidylserine molecules in cells exposed in vitro (2006)

In vitro exposure of refrigerated samples (4 degrees C) of anti-coagulated blood with millimeter waves (MMWs) at incident power densities (IPDs) between 0.55 and 1.23 W/cm2 has been found to induce clot formation. We found a small but statistically significant change in clot size with increasing IPD value. MMW exposure of blood samples starting at room temperature (22 degrees C) did not induce blood coagulation; neither did conventional heating at temperatures up to 40 degrees C. Since cell-free plasma did not clot upon MMW exposure, the role of blood cells was particularly analyzed. Experiments on various mixtures of blood cells with plasma revealed an important role of red blood cells (RBC) in the coagulation process. Plasma coagulation also developed within the MMW beam above dense keratinocyte (HaCaT) monolayers suggesting it lacked cell-type specificity. We hypothesized that alteration of the membrane surface in exposed cells might be responsible for the circumscribed coagulation. The thrombogenic role of externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules is well known. Therefore, we carried out experiments for immunolabeling PS molecules with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Annexin V on exposed cells. Fluorescence microscopy of the adherent human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and murine melanoma cells (B16F10) showed that MMW exposure at an IPD of 1.23 W/cm2 is capable of inducing reversible externalization of PS molecules in cells within the beam area without detectable membrane damage. Nonadherent Jurkat cells exposed to MMW at an IPD of 34.5 mW/cm2 also showed reversible PS externalization with flow cytometry, whether the cell temperature was held constant or permitted to rise. These results suggest that certain biological effects induced by MMWs could be initiated by membrane changes in exposed cells.
High-temperature (>500°c) wall thickness monitoring using dry-coupled ultrasonic waveguide transducers (2011)

Conventional ultrasonic transducers cannot withstand high temperatures for two main reasons: the piezoelectric elements within them depolarize, and differential thermal expansion of the different materials within a transducer causes them to fail. In this paper, the design of a high-temperature ultrasonic thickness gauge that bypasses these problems is described. The system uses a waveguide to isolate the vulnerable transducer and piezoelectric elements from the high-temperature measurement zone. Use of thin and long waveguides of rectangular cross section allows large temperature gradients to be sustained over short distances without the need for additional cooling equipment. The main problems that had to be addressed were the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves into and from the testpiece that the waveguides are coupled to, and optimization of the wave propagation along the waveguide itself. It was found that anti-plane shear loading performs best at transmitting and receiving from the surface of a component that is to be inspected. Therefore, a nondispersive guided wave mode in large-aspect-ratio rectangular strips was employed to transmit the anti-plane shear loading from the transducer to the measurement zone. Different joining methods to attach the waveguides to the component were investigated and experiments showed that clamping the waveguides to the component surface gave the best results. The thickness of different plate samples was consistently measured to within less than 0.1 mm. Performance at high temperatures was tested in a furnace at 730°C for 4 weeks without signal degradation. Thicknesses in the range of 3 to 25 mm could be monitored using Hanning windowed tonebursts with 2 MHz center frequency.
A single base mutation that converts glycine 907 of the α2(I) chain of type I procollagen to aspartate in a lethal variant of osteogenesis imperfecta (1989)

Type I procollagen was examined in cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with a lethal variant of osteogenesis imperfecta. About half of the pro-alpha chains were post-translationally overmodified and had a decreased thermal stability. The vertebrate collagenase A fragment had a normal thermal stability, but the B fragment had a decreased thermal stability. Therefore, there was a change in primary structure in amino acids 776-1014 of either the alpha 1(I) or alpha 2(I) chain. Three of five cDNA clones for the alpha 2(I) chain contained a single-base substitution of an A for a G that converted the codon for glycine at amino acid position 907 to aspartate. Complete nucleotide sequencing of bases coding for amino acids 776 to 1014 of the alpha 2(I) chain was carried out in one cDNA clone that contained the mutation in the glycine codon and in one that did not. Also, nucleotide sequencing was performed of bases coding for amino acids 776-1014 of the alpha 1(I) chain in seven independent cDNA clones. No other mutations were found. Therefore, the single base substitution that converts glycine 907 in the alpha 2(I) chain to aspartate is solely responsible for the decreased thermal stability of the type I procollagen synthesized by the proband's fibroblasts. Also, glycine 907 of the alpha 2(I) chain is an important component of a cooperative block that determines the melting temperature of the whole molecule.
Asymmetry Synthesis of Bepotastine Besilate (2006)

用(S)-[Ru(BINAP)Cl2]2(NEt3)作催化剂,不对称氢化还原(4-氯苯基)-(吡啶-2-基)-甲酮得到(S)-(+)-(4-氯苯基)-(吡啶-2-基)-甲醇,与4-(4-溴哌啶-1-基)丁酸乙酯缩合,再经水解、成盐得到抗过敏药苯磺酸贝他斯汀,总收率57%.
Practical OEICs based on the monolithic integration of GaAs-InGaP LEDs with commercial GaAs VLSI electronics (1998)

Recent advances in the epitaxy-on-electronics (EoE) integration process, which combines commercial GaAs VLSI electronics with conventional epitaxial growth and fabrication to produce complex, monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), have resulted in improved integrated light-emitting diodes (LEDs), eliminated any impact on the preexisting electronics, and increased the robustness of the integration process. An EoE-integrated OEIC combining a photodetector, electronics, and LED is presented which demonstrates the capability of this technology to now satisfy practical optoelectronic systems requirements.
Ambulatory Pulse Pressure (1998)

A wide pulse pressure (PP) is a marker of increased artery stiffness and high cardiovascular (CV) risk. To investigate the prognostic value of ambulatory PP, which is currently unknown, we studied 2010 initially untreated subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension (mean age, 51.7 years; 52% men). All subjects underwent baseline procedures including 24-hour noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.8 years (range, 0 to 11 years), and CV morbidity and mortality were the outcome measures. There were 200 major CV events (2.61 per 100 person-years), 36 of which were fatal (0.47 per 100 person-years). In the 3 tertiles of the distribution of office PP, the rate of total CV events (per 100 persons per year) was 1.38, 2. 12, and 4.34, respectively, and that of fatal events was 0.12, 0.30, and 1.07 (log-rank test, both P<0.01). In the 3 tertiles of the distribution of average 24-hour PP, the rate of total CV events was 1.19, 1.81, and 4.92, and that of fatal events was 0.11, 0.17, and 1. 23 (log-rank test, both P<0.01). After controlling for several independent risk markers including white coat hypertension and nondipper status, we found that ambulatory PP was associated with the biggest reduction in the -2 log likelihood statistics for CV morbidity (P<0.05 versus office PP). In each of the 3 tertiles of office PP, CV morbidity and mortality increased from the first to the third tertile of average 24-hour ambulatory PP (log-rank test, all P<0.01). Age, left ventricular hypertrophy, and nondipper status were independent predictors of CV mortality, and the further predictive effect of ambulatory PP (P<0.001) was marginally but not significantly superior to that of office PP and average 24-hour systolic BP. We conclude that ambulatory PP is a potent risk marker in essential hypertension. CV morbidity is more closely predicted by ambulatory than by office PP even after control for multiple risk factors.
Cyclohexadien‐(1.3)‐cyclopentadien‐palladium(0) (1960)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Pd(CO)Cl 2 mit cyclischen „Dienen”︁ wurden verschiedene Z .T. neue Diolefin‐palladium‐halogen‐Komplexe dargestellt. Während Cyclooctadien‐(1.5), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadien‐(2.5) und Dispiro[4.4]nonadien‐(1.3) Verbindungen des Typs [(Diolefin) PdCl 2 ] bilden, entstehen mit Cyclohexadien‐(1.3) und Cycloheptadien‐(1.3) Zweikernkomplexe der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung [(Diolefin)PdCl] 2 , die instabiler als die zuerst genannten Verbindungen sind. — Aus (C 6 H 8 PdCl) 2 und KC 5 H 5 wurde in Benzol leicht flüchtiges, rotes Cyclohexadien‐(1.3)‐cyclopentadien‐palladium(0), C 6 H 8 PdC 5 H 6 , erhalten. Der diamagnetische, luftbeständige, monomolekular in organischen Medien gut lösliche Elementkomplex ist das erste Beispiel einer mit zwei „Dien”︁‐Liganden über 4 π‐Bindungen stabilisierten Palladium(0)‐Verbindung. Mit der im Sinne einer sp 3 ‐Hybridisierung zu erwartenden tetraedrischen Molekelgestalt steht das in Cyclohexan zu ∼2.10 Debye ermittelte Dipolmoment in guter Übereinstimmung.
YmdB: a stress-responsive ribonuclease-binding regulator of <i>E. coli</i> RNase III activity (2008)

The broad cellular actions of RNase III family enzymes include ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing, mRNA decay, and the generation of noncoding microRNAs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here we report that YmdB, an evolutionarily conserved 18.8-kDa protein of Escherichia coli of previously unknown function, is a regulator of RNase III cleavages. We show that YmdB functions by interacting with a site in the RNase III catalytic region, that expression of YmdB is transcriptionally activated by both cold-shock stress and the entry of cells into stationary phase, and that this activation requires the sigma-factor-encoding gene, rpoS. We discovered that down-regulation of RNase III activity occurs during both stresses and is dependent on YmdB production during cold shock; in contrast, stationary-phase regulation was unperturbed in YmdB-null mutant bacteria, indicating the existence of additional, YmdB-independent, factors that dynamically regulate RNase III actions during normal cell growth. Our results reveal the previously unsuspected role of ribonuclease-binding proteins in the regulation of RNase III activity.
Paradiplomacy between the U.S. and Canadian provinces: The case of acid rain memoranda of understanding (1988)

The debate over acid rain in North America has produced an interesting set of political interactions within the United States and between Canada and the U.S. at the subnational level. The long delay in reaching a bilateral agreement coupled with congressional inaction has stimulated relations at the subnational level between the two countries. This article will investigate the role of provinces and states in foreign policy-making and the agreements that have occurred. This type of activity - known as paradiplomacy - has been the subject of research in both North America and Europe in recent years by a number of political scientists (Duchacek 1986, Soldatos 1986). The focus for the analysis to follow is the nonbinding agreement - the Memorandum of Understanding. To date, eight Memoranda either entirely or in part devoted to acid rain have been signed by states and provinces. The first was signed by New York and Quebec in 1982 and the most recent was an expanded agreement signed by New York and Quebec in 1986. Other agreements include New York and Ontario (1983), Minnesota and Ontario (1983), a New York and Quebec Amendment to the 1982 Agreement (1984), Michigan and Ontario (1985), British Columbia and Washington State (1985), and Wisconsin and Quebec (1985). It is important to review briefly the politics of acid rain in order to understand the context for the subnational agreements. After this overview, the conceptual work done by two political scientists in the area of paradiplomacy will be discussed. The eight agreements will then be compared and analyzed. The article will conclude with a summary of how these Memoranda of Understanding shed light on the theoretical work.
An approach of region of interest detection based on visual attention and gaze tracking (2012)

Different from previous work, the study reported in this paper attempts to simulate a more real and complex approach for region of interest (ROI) detection and quantitatively analyze the correlation between human visual system (HVS) and ROI. In this paper, an approach of ROI detection based on visual attention and gaze tracking is proposed. The works include pre-ROI estimation using visual attention model, gaze data collection and ROI detection. Pre-ROIs are segmented by the visual attention model. Since eye feature extraction is critical to the accuracy and performance of gaze tracking, adaptive eye template and neural network is employed to predict gaze points. By computing the density of the gaze points, ROIs are ranked. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our ROI detection method can be raised as high as 97% and our approach can efficiently adapt to users' interests and match the objective ROI.
Power management strategies for generator-set with energy storage for 4Q-load (2008)

Diesel generators in small electricity grids are mostly not used in a very efficient way. The reason for this is twofold. First of all the efficiency of a diesel generator is dependent on the ratio between the average power and the peak power of the generator. The smaller this ratio, the lower the efficiency. Furthermore some loads can regenerate energy. In small grids this energy is mostly not needed elsewhere and should be dissipated. A solution solving both problems mentioned above, is using an energy storage device in the system. This storage can be used for peak shaving and storing regenerated energy. This paper suggests six different power management strategies: Only Generator, Peak Power Shaving, Dynamic Solution, Max On or Off, Average Power and Only Storage. The implications of these algorithms are given for a typical case study on a crane used in the harbor. Calculations show that the Max On or Off, Average Power and Only Storage methods save the most energy. Calculation of the costs shows that adding an energy storage device lowers the cost for all methods.
Analysis of the Ionized Field Under HVDC Transmission Lines in the Presence of Wind Based on Upstream Finite Element Method (2010)

Corona phenomenon generated from high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines can affect the environment nearby. Based on the upstream finite element method, an iterative algorithm is used to analyze the ionized electric field and the ion current density at the ground level with the wind velocity taken into consideration. The algorithm is efficiently convergent. The proposed method is testified by measurement results of a unipolar line in the presence of wind and a bipolar test line. Finally some examples are analyzed to predict the effect of the wind and to determine the transmission corridor of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\pm$</tex></formula> 800 kV HVDC transmission line.
Calcifediol Rather Than Cholecalciferol for a Patient Submitted to Malabsortive Bariatric Surgery: A Case Report (2017)

Vitamin D deficiency following malabsorptive bariatric surgery can lead to osteomalacia. We report a patient with severe vitamin D deficiency following malabsorptive bariatric surgery successfully treated with calcifediol but not cholecalciferol. A 40-year-old woman, submitted to biliopancreatic diversion 20 years before and chronically treated with 50,000 IU cholecalciferol weekly, was admitted to our Endocrine Unit because of severe lower back pain, muscle weakness, and generalized muscular hypotrophy, associated with hypocalcemia and elevated PTH levels. Initial evaluation revealed low serum albumin, low albumin-corrected serum calcium (7.36 mg/dL), high serum PTH (240 pg/mL), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (125 μg/L) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (112 pg/mL) concentrations, undetectable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (<7 ng/mL), and evidence of reduced liver function. Bone mineral density was markedly low. Normocalcemia was initially restored with intravenous albumin and calcium gluconate. Treatment with calcitriol (0.5 μg three times daily) and oral calcium carbonate (1000 mg daily) was simultaneously started and cholecalciferol was replaced with calcifediol [125 μg (5000 IU) daily)]. During follow-up the calcifediol dose was progressively tapered to 25 μg (1000 IU) daily and the calcitriol dose was progressively reduced and finally withdrawn. Serum albumin and other biochemical parameters normalized, bone mineral density significantly increased, and the patient's clinical conditions progressively improved, with a substantial recovery of autonomy. Serum vitamin D binding protein at the last observation was in the normal range. Our data suggest that calcifediol might be more efficacious than cholecalciferol for prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in patients treated by malabsorptive bariatric surgery.
<i>I</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> measurement of ion-beam-induced deposition of gold (1989)

An experimental system for measuring ion-beam-induced deposition yield is described. Gold films were deposited on quartz-crystal microbalances (QCM) by decomposing dimethyl gold hexafluoroacetylacetonate molecules (C7H7F6O2Au) with a 5-keV argon-ion beam. The QCMs provide an in situ measurement of the deposition rate as a function of ion dose, dose rate, gas pressure, and substrate temperature. The deposition yield, or mass deposited per incident ion, is shown to increase with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. The yield is independent of the ion dose rate, which implies that the deposition process is not due to macroscopic heating. The deposition yield is shown to depend on the sputter yield of the substrate. The density of the deposited films was determined to be about 10 g/cm3, which is about half the density of bulk gold (19.3 g/cm3). The difference in density is due to carbon contamination in the deposited films.
Stereoselective Preparation and Reaction of Chiral Secondary Cycloalkyl- and Alkyl-Zinc Reagents (1998)

The hydroboration of trisubstituted olefins with IpcBH2 provides enantiomerically enriched organoboranes which after successive treatment with Et2BH and i-Pr2Zn afford diastereomerically pure (> 95% de) configurationally stable cyclic and open-chain organozinc reagents which can be trapped with various electrophiles (allylic halides, acid chlorides and 1-bromoalkynes) with retention of configuration.
Some Comments on Our Experience as a Constitutional Society (1990)

Some Comments on Our Experience as a Constitutional Society
NMR Detection with Multiple Solenoidal Microcoils for Continuous-Flow Capillary Electrophoresis (2002)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy represents a promising on-line detector for capillary electrophoresis (CE). The inherent poor sensitivity of NMR mandates the use of NMR probes with the highest mass sensitivity, such as those containing solenoidal microcoils, for CE/NMR hyphenation. However, electrophoretic current degrades the resolution of NMR spectra obtained from solenoidal coils. A new method to avoid microcoil NMR spectral degradation during continuous-flow CE is demonstrated using a unique multiple solenoidal coil NMR probe. The electrophoretic flow from a single separation capillary is split into multiple outlets, each possessing its own NMR detection coil. While the CE electrophoretic flow is directed through one outlet, stopped-flow, high-resolution NMR spectra are obtained from the coil at the other outlet. The electrophoretic flow and NMR measurements are cycled between the outlets to allow a continuous CE separation with "stopped-flow" detection. As a new approach for improving multiple coil probe performance, the magnetic field homogeneity is automatically adjusted (via the shim coils of the magnet) for the active coil. The multiple microcoil CE/NMR coupling has been used to analyze a <3 nmole mixture of amines while obtaining between 1 and 2 Hz line width, demonstrating the ability to avoid electrophoretic current-induced line broadening.
Temperature dependence of a Cs vapor cell clock: Pressure shift, signal amplitude, light shift (2011)

We present the investigation on the temperature dependence of the pressure (collisional) shift of the Cs clock transition in presence of buffer gases (Ne, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Ar). The temperature dependence of the signal amplitude and light shift are also investigated. From the obtained coefficients of temperature dependence it is possible to foresee the buffer gas mixture which cancels the temperature sensitivity at a given temperature. These results as well as the results of the investigation on the signal amplitude and the light shift can be useful for improving the frequency stability of the Cs vapor-cell clocks.
Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (2008)

Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) is caused by consumption of molluscan shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins primarily produced by the dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Blooms of K. brevis, called Florida red tide, occur frequently along the Gulf of Mexico. Many shellfish beds in the US (and other nations) are routinely monitored for presence of K. brevis and other brevetoxin-producing organisms. As a result, few NSP cases are reported annually from the US. However, infrequent larger outbreaks do occur. Cases are usually associated with recreationally-harvested shellfish collected during or post red tide blooms. Brevetoxins are neurotoxins which activate voltage-sensitive sodium channels causing sodium influx and nerve membrane depolarization. No fatalities have been reported, but hospitalizations occur. NSP involves a cluster of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms: nausea and vomiting, paresthesias of the mouth, lips and tongue as well as distal paresthesias, ataxia, slurred speech and dizziness. Neurological symptoms can progress to partial paralysis; respiratory distress has been recorded. Recent research has implicated new species of harmful algal bloom organisms which produce brevetoxins, identified additional marine species which accumulate brevetoxins, and has provided additional information on the toxicity and analysis of brevetoxins. A review of the known epidemiology and recommendations for improved NSP prevention are presented.
Kv1.2 potassium channel inhibitors from Chukrasia tabularis (2011)

Eighteen new limonoids, chubularisins A-R (1-18), along with eleven known analogues, were isolated from the stem bark of Chukrasia tabularis. The structures of 1-18 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. Compound 1 represented the first example of 8,9,12-orthoester of phragmalin limonoids. Interestingly, compounds 4, 8, and 22 exhibited potent and selective inhibition against the delayed rectifier (I(K)) K(+) current with IC(50) values of 0.61, 2.03, and 2.15 μM, respectively.