gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Application of Biofiltration Swale Runoff Management Practices (2006)

Retaining rainfall where it lands is a fundamental benefit of Low Impact Development (LID). The Delaware Urban Runoff Management Model (DURMM) was developed to address the benefits of LID design. DURMM explicitly addresses the benefits of impervious area disconnection as well as Swale flow routing that responds to flow retardance changes. Biofiltration swales are an effective LID BMP for treating urban runoff. By adding check dams, the detention storage provided can also reduce peak rates. This presentation explores how the DURMM runoff reduction approach can be integrated with detention routing procedures to project runoff volume and peak flow reductions provided by BMP facilities. This approach has been applied to a 1,200 unit project on 360 hectares located in Delaware, USA. Over 5 km of biofiltration swales have been designed, many of which have stone check dams placed every 30 to 35 meters to provide detention storage. The engineering involved in the design of such facilities uses hydrologic modelling based upon TR-20 routines, as adapted by the DURMM model. The hydraulic approach includes routing of flows through the check dams. This presentation summarises the hydrological network, presents the hydrologic responses, along with selected hydrographs to demonstrate the potential of design approach.
To Err Is Human (2000)

Boken presenterer en helhetlig strategi for hvordan myndigheter, helsepersonell, industri og forbrukere kan redusere medisinske feil.
Electrospinning of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers Loaded with Hexadecane Nanodroplets (2010)

The feasibility of producing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers containing fine-disperse hexadecane droplets by electrospinning a blend of hexadecane-in-water emulsions and PVA was investigated. Hexadecane oil-in-water nanoemulsions (d(10)= 181.2 +/- 0.1 nm) were mixed with PVA at pH 4.5 to yield polymer-emulsion blends containing 0.5 to 1.5 wt% oil droplets and 8-wt% PVA. The solution properties of emulsions and emulsion-PVA blends (viscosity, conductivity, surface tension) were determined. Solutions were electrospun and the morphology and thermal properties of deposited fiber mats characterized by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Fiber mats were dissolved in buffer to liberate incorporated hexadecane droplets and the buffer solutions analyzed by optical microscopy, UV-spectroscopy, and light scattering. Analysis of dry fiber mats and their solutions showed that emulsion droplets were indeed part of the electrospun fiber structures. Depending on the concentration of hexadecane in the initial emulsion-polymer blends, droplets were dispersed in the fibers as individual droplets or in form of aggregated flocs of hexadecane droplets. Nanofibers with spindle-like perturbations or nanofibers containing bead-like structures with approximately 5 times larger than the size of droplets in the original nanoemulsion were obtained. Remarkably, incorporation of hexadecane droplets in fibers did not alter size of individual droplets, that is, no coalescence occurred. The manufacture of solid matrix containing nanodroplets could be of substantial interest for manufacturers wishing to develop encapsulation system for lipophilic functional compounds such as lipid-soluble flavors, antimicrobials, antioxidants, and bioactives with tailored release kinetics. Practical Applications: The paper describes the formation of electrospun nanofibers from hydrophilic polymers that contain fine-disperse emulsion droplets. By incorporating emulsion droplets, a large variety of lipophilic ingredients can be easily loaded into the fibers' hydrophilic polymer matrix. This is of practical importance as to date the only way to include a lipophilic ingredient in a nanofibers is by dissolving the lipophilic ingredient and polymer in an organic solvent followed by electrospinning. However, use of an organic solvent is (a) not feasible if one wants to electrospin hydrophilic polymers, and (b) use of organic solvents is generally highly undesirable in the food industry. Our results should be of interest to a number of industries such as the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and personal care industries that are generally in need of novel matrices that can serve as carrier vehicles and release functional components such as flavors, antimicrobials, antioxidants, drugs, and bioactives.
A GaAs MMIC chip set for 1.9 GHz Japanese personal handy phone system (2002)

The GaAs MMIC chip set consisting of SPDT switch, low noise amplifier, power amplifier, AGC amplifier, up-converter and down converter has been developed to meet the specifications for a 1.9 GHz PHS front-end. The low noise amplifier and power amplifier achieve a noise figure of 2.2 dB and a power added efficiency of 30%, respectively. The SPDT switch employs a new circuit configuration with feedback capacitors, and achieved an output power at the 1dB compression point of 30 dBm. The up-converter employs single mixer, which suppresses local signal leakage to 29 dBc. The down-converter employs a single mixer using dual gate FET, to reduced DC power dissipation.
Suppression of Lithium Dendrite Growth Using Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolytes: A New Approach for Practical Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries (2014)

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes are a critical component of high specific energy rechargeable Li-metal polymer (LMP) batteries. SPEs exhibit low volatility and thus increase the safety of Li-based batteries compared to current state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries that use flammable small-molecule electrolytes. However, most SPEs exhibit low ionic conductivity at room temperature, and often allow the growth of lithium dendrites that short-circuit the batteries. Both of these deficiencies are significant barriers to the commercialization of LMP batteries. Herein we report a cross-linked polyethylene/poly(ethylene oxide) SPE with both high ionic conductivity (>1.0 × 10(-4) S/cm at 25 °C) and excellent resistance to dendrite growth. It has been proposed that SPEs with shear moduli of the same order of magnitude as lithium could be used to suppress dendrite growth, leading to increased lifetime and safety for LMP batteries. In contrast to the theoretical predictions, the low-modulus (G' ≈ 1.0 × 10(5) Pa at 90 °C) cross-linked SPEs reported herein exhibit remarkable dendrite growth resistance. These results suggest that a high-modulus SPE is not a requirement for the control of dendrite proliferation.
In Vivo Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for Therapeutic Gene Editing: Progress and Challenges (2017)

The successful use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9-based gene editing for therapeutics requires efficient in vivo delivery of the CRISPR components. There are, however, major challenges on the delivery front. In this Topical Review, we will highlight recent developments in CRISPR delivery, and we will present hurdles that still need to be overcome to achieve effective in vivo editing.
A compact synthetic pathway rewires cancer signaling to therapeutic effector release (2019)

An important goal in synthetic biology is to engineer biochemical pathways to address unsolved biomedical problems. One long-standing problem in molecular medicine is the specific identification and ablation of cancer cells. Here, we describe a method, named Rewiring of Aberrant Signaling to Effector Release (RASER), in which oncogenic ErbB receptor activity, instead of being targeted for inhibition as in existing treatments, is co-opted to trigger therapeutic programs. RASER integrates ErbB activity to specifically link oncogenic states to the execution of desired outputs. A complete mathematical model of RASER and modularity in design enable rational optimization and output programming. Using RASER, we induced apoptosis and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated transcription of endogenous genes specifically in ErbB-hyperactive cancer cells. Delivery of apoptotic RASER by adeno-associated virus selectively ablated ErbB-hyperactive cancer cells while sparing ErbB-normal cells. RASER thus provides a new strategy for oncogene-specific cancer detection and treatment.
Superior catalytic activity derived from a two-dimensional Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> precursor towards the hydrogen storage reaction of magnesium hydride (2015)

The superior catalytic effects derived from a 2D Ti3C2 (MXene), synthesized by the exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 powders, towards the hydrogen storage reaction of MgH2 were demonstrated. The 5 wt% Ti3C2-containing MgH2 releases 6.2 wt% H2 within 1 min at 300 °C and absorbs 6.1 wt% H2 within 30 s at 150 °C, exhibiting excellent dehydrogenation/hydrogenation kinetics.
Demand paging for OneNAND™ Flash eXecute-in-place (2006)

NAND flash memory can provide cost-effective secondary storage in mobile embedded systems, but its lack of a random access capability means that code shadowing is generally required, taking up extra RAM space. Demand paging with NAND flash memory has recently been proposed as an alternative which requires less RAM. This scheme is even more attractive for OneNAND flash, which consists of a NAND flash array with SRAM buffers, and supports eXecute-In-Place (XIP), which allows limited random access to data on the SRAM buffers.We introduce a novel demand paging method for OneNAND flash memory with XIP feature. The proposed on-line demand paging method with XIP adopts finite size sliding window to capture the paging history and thus predict future page demands. We particularly focus on non-critical code accesses which can disturb real-time code.Experimental results show that our method outperforms conventional LRU-based demand paging by 57% in terms of execution time and by 63% in terms of energy consumption. It even beats the optimal solution obtained from MIN, which is a conventional off-line demand paging technique by 30% and 40% respectively.
Content based Document Classification using Soft Cosine Measure (2019)

Document classification is a deep-rooted issue in information retrieval and assumed to be an imperative part of an assortment of applications for effective management of text documents and substantial volumes of unstructured data. Automatic document classification can be defined as a content-based arrangement of documents to some predefined categories which is for sure, less demanding for fetching the relevant data at the right time as well as filtering and steering documents directly to users. For recovering data effortlessly at the minimum time, scientists around the globe are trying to make content-based classifiers and as a consequence, an assortment of classification frameworks has been developed. Unfortunately, because of using conventional algorithms, almost all of these frameworks fail to classify documents into the proper categories. However, this paper proposes the Soft Cosine Measure as a document classification method for classifying text documents based on its contents. This classification method considers the similarity of the features of the texts rather than making their physical compatibility. For example, the traditional systems consider ‘emperor’ and ‘king’ as two different words where the proposed method extracts the same meaning for both of these words. For feature extraction capability and content-based similarity measure technique, the proposed system scores the classification accuracy up to 98.60%, better than any other existing systems.
Analysis of Search Incidents and Lost Person Behavior in Yosemite National Park (2012)

Every year thousands of people are reported lost or missing in wilderness areas and in response, a search and rescue (SAR) operation is launched to locate, stabilize, and extract those missing. Actually locating the subject is often the most difficult of these processes. This study attempts to improve upon search operations by analyzing lost person behavior at the "local" level. If a search manager knew what a lost subject was most likely to do when lost, then they could plan the search accordingly and return them to safety much quicker. Additionally, if National Park officials knew who was becoming lost, and when and where this occurred, steps could be taken to prevent these people from becoming lost in the first place. Eleven years (2000-2010) of Search and Rescue case incident reports from Yosemite National Park (2,308 in total) were examined and 213 searches were retained for analysis. It was determined that approximately 62% of incidents involve missing hikers. Nearly two thirds of the searches were for one subject and about two-thirds of these involved males. The mean age of missing persons was 36 years old. Most people were reported missing in July, on Saturday, and between the hours of 2 and 3 p.m. Almost half of people reported as missing were actually lost while others were merely separated from their party, or overdue. Contributing factors include losing the trail accidentally, failure to communicate the intended plan, and miscalculating the time or distance of the planned route, among others. Within a Geographic Information System (GIS) the Initial Planning Point (IPP), the point at which the person was last seen or known to be, and the found location was georeferenced for each incident using the point radius method. This allowed for a Getis-Ord Gi* analysis to be conducted of both the IPPs and found locations and "hot spots" were identified for each. The GIS also provided an environment for analyzing lost person behavior. Within Yosemite National Park lost hikers most often utilized route traveling in order to reorient themselves. Additionally, descriptive lost person behavior statistics for hikers were calculated, including: horizontal distance from the IPP to the found location, vertical elevation change from the IPP to the found location, dispersion angle from intended destination to the found location, and the track offset of the found location. These "local" results were then compared to "international" statistics presented by the International Search and Rescue Incident Database (ISRID) using a chi-square goodness of fit test. It was found that the ISRID data provided for horizontal distance from the IPP and track offset were not suitable for use in Yosemite while the data pertaining to vertical elevation change from the IPP and the dispersion angle could potentially be utilized for search planning.
A New Approach to the Design of Helical Shape Memory Alloy Spring Actuators (2011)

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are smart materials that have the ability to recover their original shape by eliminating residual deformations, when subjected to adequate temperature rise (Shape memory effect). This special behavior attracts the use of SMAs as efficient stroke/force actuators. Most of the engineering applications require helical springs as actuators and proper design of SMA helical spring actuators is very important. In the traditional design approach of SMA spring (Waram, 1993), only strain between linear zones was considered in order to simplify the design and to improve the fatigue life. Only modulus difference between high-temperature and low-temperature phase was utilized, and the transformation strain was not considered as the total transformation strain will be more and will degrade the performance of actuator. In the present design, we have shown that transformation strain can be restricted by using hard stops and the partial transformation strain can be used to improving the capacity of SMA spring actuator. A comparison of the traditional design approach of SMA spring and the proposed design procedure has been made to give an idea of its effect on the design and the related parameters.
Genome Sequences of Six Pseudoalteromonas Strains Isolated from Arctic Sea Ice (2012)

Yu et al. (Polar Biol. 32:1539-1547, 2009) isolated 199 Pseudoalteromonas strains from Arctic sea ice. We sequenced the genomes of six of these strains, which are affiliated to different Pseudoalteromonas species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, facilitating the study of physiology and adaptation of Arctic sea ice Pseudoalteromonas strains.
Preliminary Tank Testing of VIV Suppression of Helical Grooves (2006)

Two rigid cylinders attached to a vertically cantilevered supporting rod are towed in a towing tank. The two cylinders are otherwise identical, apart from that one has a smooth surface while the other has triple-start helical grooves cut into its surface. The cross flow VIV responses are compared and it becomes clear that the grooves are useful in suppressing the VIV response with the peak amplitude reduced by close to 70%.
Multimedia—An introduction (1998)

Multimedia—the combination of text, animated graphics, video, and sound—presents information in a way that is more interesting and easier to grasp than text alone. It has been used for education at all levels, job training, and games and by the entertainment industry. It is becoming more readily available as the price of personal computers and their accessories declines. Multimedia as a human-computer interface was made possible some half-dozen years ago by the rise of affordable digital technology. Previously, multimedia effects were produced by computer-controlled analog devices, like videocassette recorders, projectors, and tape recorders. Digital technology's exponential decline in price and increase in capacity has enabled it to overtake analog technology. The Internet is the breeding ground for multimedia ideas and the delivery vehicle of multimedia objects to a huge audience. This paper reviews the uses of multimedia, the technologies that support it, and the larger architectural and design issues.
Using electrical bitmap results from embedded memory to enhance yield (2001)

Analyzing bitmap results can provide insight into physical failure mechanisms normally acquired only through the complex, time-consuming, and expensive process of failure analysis.
Stability and Serum Albumin Binding of Diuretics in Aqueous Solution (1978)

Stability of seven diuretics in aqueous solution was examined under the condition of equilibrium dialysis study. It was found that furosemide, ethacrynic acid, and bumetanide were not decomposed and that benzothiadiazine derivatives except hydrochlorothiazide were slightly decomposed in pH 7.4 buffer solution within 120 hr at 5° or 6 hr at 30° or 37°. The hydrolysis of hydrochlorothiazide could not be disregarded. The binding of these diuretics by bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using equilibrium dialysis technique at pH 7.4 and 30°. The mathematical analysis of binding data described by Scatchard was applied, and the binding data of hydrochlorothiazide were corrected using its hydrolysis rate. All the compounds were found to interact with BSA, but a large difference in BSA. binding was recognized among them. Physicochemical properties such as ionic form ratio and hydrophilicity of benzothiadiazine derivatives were found to be related to their BSA binding ability.
A Comparative Study of 3D MT Modeling Methods (2007)

This paper compares the characteristics of three different algorithms for three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) modeling. These methods are developed by Mackie et al. (1994), Sasaki (1999) and Nam et al. (2007). The first and second methods are based on the finite difference method (FDM), while the last one the finite-element method (FEM). MT responses, apparent resistivities and phases, for a COMMEMI 3D-2 model show a good agreement with integral equation solutions and only minor discrepancies are found over the anomalous bodies in the 3D model. The computation time of the two methods based on FDM is short and the static divergence correction contributes to speed up. The FEM modeling scheme is accurate but slow.
Germination Inhibitor from the Japanese Cedar Cryptomeria japonica (2005)

(1S,6R)-2,7(14),10-Bisabolatrien-1-ol-4-one was identified as a germination inhibitor from the methanol extract of Japanese cedar wood, Cryptomeria japonica. The occurrence of this compound in 1 g fresh wood was 2.0 mg, and showed a maximum of 60% germination inhibition at the dose of 20 mg/filter paper (157 microg/cm(2)) against both of lettuce and rice seeds for 4 d. A selective activity between Dicotyledoneae and Monocotyledoneae seeds was not observed.
A pipelined/interleaved IIR digital filter architecture (2002)

By using a clock rate that is K times the data rate and with interleaved feedback of the output samples, a single expanded digital filter H(z/sup K/) can be made equivalent to a cascade of k identical filters H/sup k/(z) with 1/spl les/k/spl les/K. Whereas this novel pipelining/interleaving (PT) technique can equally be employed for implementing high-performance FIR filters, its main benefit lies in that more efficient high-speed IIR filters become achievable, though their highest possible data rates are still limited by the delays of the critical feedback loops. Hardware architectures and design examples with K=2 are presented to show how the PI technique works for implementing high-speed IIR filters made as the sum of two allpass functions.
Synthesis of End-Functionalized Polymer by Means of Anionic Living Polymerization. 6. Synthesis of Well-Defined Polystyrenes and Polyisoprenes with 4-Vinylphenyl End Group (1996)

In order to synthesize end-functionalized polymers with 4-vinylphenyl group (so-called ω-styryl macromonomers), anionic living polymers of styrene and isoprene were allowed to react with five 4-(ω-haloalkyl)styrene derivatives in THF at −78 °C. 4-Vinylphenyl-terminated polymers of well-controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.05) as well as with nearly quantitative end functionalities were obtained in 100% yields by the reactions with 4-(2-bromoethyl)styrene, 4-(3-bromopropyl)styrene, 4-(3-iodopropyl)styrene, and 4-(4-bromobutyl)styrene. On the other hand, the reactions of anionic living polymers with 4-(3-chloropropyl)styrene were complicated by competitive side reactions of anion attack on the vinyl groups of terminating agent and the macromonomer produced.
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variant B accounts for the majority of symptomatic primary HHV-6 infections in a population of U.S. infants (1993)

Two variants of human herpesvirus 6 were identified. To assess their epidemiology and disease association, we analyzed viral isolates and/or uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 76 infants with symptomatic primary infection. In 97% of cases, human herpesvirus 6 variant B was detected, but variant A was not.
Doxycycline Reduces Mortality to Lethal Endotoxemia by Reducing Nitric Oxide Synthesis via an Interleukin‐10‐Independent Mechanism (1998)

It was demonstrated that doxycycline protected BALB/c mice injected intraperitoneally with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) against lethal septic shock. Doxycycline (at 1.5 mg/kg) exerted its protective effect by inhibiting nitrate production by an interleukin-10-independent mechanism. Experiments carried out in vitro also indicated that doxycycline inhibited NO synthesis by LPS-activated macrophages without inducing any significant modification in interleukin-10 release. These data suggest that the direct inhibition of nitrate release is the main mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of doxycycline in septic shock.