gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Language independent named entity classification by modified transformation-based learning and by decision tree induction (2002)

We describe our last results at the CoNLL2002 shared task of Named Entity Recognition and Classification using two approaches that we first applied to other NLL problems. We have been developing our own modified TBL learner initially to tackle the Part-of-Speech tagging problem, for integration in a hybrid NLL and rule- based system for information extraction (Ciravegna et al., 1999). After encouraging results in applying decision tree induction to the CoNLL2001 task of chunking, Jones (2002), where we attained an overall F- measure of 92.90 at this task, we have applied the same set-up to the NER task.
Organized Arrays of Individual DNA Molecules Tethered to Supported Lipid Bilayers (2005)

An unappreciated aspect of many single-molecule techniques is the need for an inert surface to which individual molecules can be anchored without compromising their biological integrity. Here, we present new methods for tethering large DNA molecules to the surface of a microfluidic sample chamber that has been rendered inert by the deposition of a supported lipid bilayer. These methods take advantage of the "bio-friendly" environment provided by zwitterionic lipids, but still allow the DNA molecules to be anchored at fixed positions on the surface. We also demonstrate a new method for constructing parallel arrays of individual DNA molecules assembled at defined positions on a bilayer-coated, fused silica surface. By using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to visualize the arrays, it is possible to simultaneously monitor hundreds of aligned DNA molecules within a single field-of-view. These molecular arrays will significantly increase the throughput capacity of single-molecule, fluorescence-based detection methods by allowing parallel processing of multiple individual reaction trajectories.
Intermediate Filament Protein Partnership in Astrocytes (1999)

Intermediate filaments are general constituents of the cytoskeleton. The function of these structures and the requirement for different types of intermediate filament proteins by individual cells are only partly understood. Here we have addressed the role of specific intermediate filament protein partnerships in the formation of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. Astrocytes may express three types of intermediate filament proteins: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin. We used mice with targeted mutations in the GFAP or vimentin genes, or both, to study the impact of loss of either or both of these proteins on intermediate filament formation in cultured astrocytes and in normal or reactive astrocytes in vivo. We report that nestin cannot form intermediate filaments on its own, that vimentin may form intermediate filaments with either nestin or GFAP as obligatory partners, and that GFAP is the only intermediate filament protein of the three that may form filaments on its own. However, such filaments show abnormal organization. Aberrant intermediate filament formation is linked to diseases affecting epithelial, neuronal, and muscle cells. Here we present models by which the normal and pathogenic functions of intermediate filaments may be elucidated in astrocytes.
Copolymerization of Ethylene/Diene with Different Metallocene Catalysts (2006)

Copolymerizations of ethylene and 1,7-octadiene were carried out employing homogeneous catalysts Cp 2 ZrCl 2 , Ph 2 C(Flu,Cp)ZrCl 2 and Et(Ind)2ZrCl2, and methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst. The polymerization characteristics, such as catalytic activity, polymerization rate, copolymer composition, and thermal properties were examined in relation to the catalyst type. Different comonomer concentrations were employed, and the reaction time was varied, ranging from 1 h up to 4 h, at 90°C and at 0.5 bar ethylene pressure. The results showed that the catalyst Cp 2 ZrCl 2 was more efficient than Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 in the preparation of high diene content ethylene/1,7-octadiene copolymers. On the other hand, Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 and Ph2C(Flu,Cp) 2 ZrCl 2 catalysts produced low insaturation content but possibly formed cyclic structures and crosslinking.
Excimer laser-induced material modification to create nanometer high smooth patterns in glass using mask projection (2007)

Laser swelling of borosilicate and soda-lime glass is shown for wavelengths of 193 and 248 nm. Very smooth patterns up to 45 nm high were generated by KrF laser (248 nm) irradiation of borosilicate glass at a fluence of 1.5 J/cm2. At 193 nm laser wavelength, lower heights (up to 13 nm) and lower swelling threshold fluences (0.1 J/cm2) were observed due to higher material absorption. For the less absorbing soda-lime glass higher fluences than for the borosilicate glass are needed to establish elevated structures. Gratings in borosilicate glass with sub-micron periodicity demonstrate the high resolution of the method. The results can be explained by a thermo-physical model based on the change of the glass transition temperature due to fast cooling after the pulsed laser irradiation.
Technological evolution in the radiofrequency treatment of vaginal laxity and menopausal vulvo-vaginal atrophy and other genitourinary symptoms: first experiences with a novel dynamic quadripolar device. (2016)

The DQRF treatment was well tolerated, with no pain during the procedure and no untoward effect reported over the 2-month follow-up periods in both the vaginal laxity and VVA/GSM arms of the study. Improvements in self-reported VLQ and PISQ-12 scores (vaginal laxity arm) and VAS self-evaluation of VVA/GSM symptoms and overall satisfaction with sexual life (VVA/GSM arm of the study) were rapid and persistent. This suggests rapid and persistent vaginal rejuvenation as the basis of subjective improvement in symptoms and decreased sexual distress in both indications, including dysuria and urinary incontinence in menopausal women. Such promising exploratory findings deserve confirmation in larger studies.
Real-time Post-Processing Method to Enhance Multiple-Point Statistics Simulation (2007)

Multiple-point statistics (MPS) simulation has gained increasing application to reservoir modeling as an effective facies modeling tool, providing a way to simulate complex geological feature by honoring well and seismic data. The geological pattern we desire to reproduce is provided as a training image. It is often recommended to use a large enough training image to accurately reproduce the desired pattern; otherwise, MPS simulation tends to fail to honor multiple-point statistical information, resulting in anomalies in the simulated realizations (e.g. disconnection of channel sands). However, the use of such a large training image can be extremely computational time demanding. <br>This paper proposes a new method to improve the modeling accuracy of MPS simulation. Our method is designed in the context of multi-grid sequential simulation. The idea is to detect the failure of conditioning to the given training image during the sequential simulation, and as soon as detecting the failure, repair the previously simulated facies pattern by maximizing the conditioning to the training image. This processing is implemented simultaneously with the sequential simulation and applied only in the early stage of multi-scale simulation, reducing the computational cost but yet obtaining effective improvement of pattern reproduction accuracy. <br>
Microwave digestion techniques in the sequential extraction of calcium, iron, chromium, manganese, lead, and zinc in sediments (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrowave digestion techniques in the sequential extraction of calcium, iron, chromium, manganese, lead, and zinc in sedimentsKent I. Mahan, Tom A. Foderaro, Tressa L. Garza, Russell M. Martinez, Gary A. Maroney, Mike R. Trivisonno, and Ellen M. WillgingCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 7, 938–945Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00134a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00134a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views929Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genome‐wide search for <i>CLN2</i>, the gene causing late‐infantile neuronal ceroid‐lipofuscinosis (LNCL) (1995)

The loci for the juvenile (CLN3) and infantile (CLN1) neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) types have been mapped by genetic linkage analysis to chromosome arms 16p and 1p, respectively. The late-infantile defect CLN2 has not yet been mapped, although linkage analysis with tightly linked markers excludes it from both the JNCL and INCL loci. We have initiated a genome-wide search for the LNCL gene, taking advantage of the large collection of highly polymorphic markers that has been developed through the Human Genome Initiative. The high degree of heterozygosity of these markers makes it feasible to carry out successful linkage analysis in small nuclear families, such as found in LNCL. Our current collection of LNCL pedigrees includes 19 US families and 11 Costa Rican families. To date, we have completed typing with over 50 markers on chromosomes 2, 9, 13, and 18-22. The results of this analysis formally exclude about 10% of the human genome as the location of the LNCL gene.
Sensitization Development in Austenitic Stainless Steel — Measurement and Prediction of Thermomechanical History Effects (1988)

The effects of thermal and thermomechanical treatments on sensitization development in AISI(1) 304 and 316 stainless steels (SSs) have been measured and compared to model predictions. Sensitization development resulting from isothermal, continuous cooling, and pipe welding treatments has been evaluated. An empirically modified, theoretically based model is shown to accurately predict material degree of sensitization (DOS) as expressed by the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test after both simple and complex treatments.
Electrodeposition of Crystalline Silicon Films from Alkali Fluoride Mixtures (2010)

The objective of this work was to study the electrodeposition of silicon in molten KF-LiF (eut)-K2SiF6 (5 mol%) on Ag and Si substrates at 550oC and 800oC. In addition electrochemical studies of the system were performed on silver, tungsten and glassy carbon substrates at 800oC. The electrochemical measurements confirmed that the reduction of Si is diffusion controlled and occurs in two steps. On silver, dense, coherent films with good adhesion and no inclusions of salt were obtained at 800oC at the growth rate 52 µm/hour. On silicon, the microstructure seemed to consist of small "randomly" oriented crystals. At 550oC, the deposit became porous and powderish both on silver and silicon substrates. The low temperature combined with the relatively high current densities applied was believed to hinder crystal growth.
Haematopoietic stem cells reversibly switch from dormancy to self-renewal during homeostasis and repair (2008)

Reference EPFL-CONF-161003View record in Web of Science Record created on 2010-11-30, modified on 2016-08-09
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), but not HDAC2, controls embryonic stem cell differentiation (2010)

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and 2 are highly similar enzymes that help regulate chromatin structure as the core catalytic components of corepressor complexes. Although tissue-specific deletion of HDAC1 and HDAC2 has demonstrated functional redundancy, germ-line deletion of HDAC1 in the mouse causes early embryonic lethality, whereas HDAC2 does not. To address the unique requirement for HDAC1 in early embryogenesis we have generated conditional knockout embryonic stem (ES) cells in which HDAC1 or HDAC2 genes can be inactivated. Deletion of HDAC1, but not HDAC2, causes a significant reduction in the HDAC activity of Sin3A, NuRD, and CoREST corepressor complexes. This reduced corepressor activity results in a specific 1.6-fold increase in histone H3 K56 acetylation (H3K56Ac), thus providing genetic evidence that H3K56Ac is a substrate of HDAC1. In culture, ES cell proliferation was unaffected by loss of either HDAC1 or HDAC2. Rather, we find that loss of HDAC1 affects ES cell differentiation. ES cells lacking either HDAC1 or HDAC2 were capable of forming embryoid bodies (EBs), which stimulates differentiation into the three primary germ layers. However, HDAC1-deficient EBs were significantly smaller, showed spontaneous rhythmic contraction, and increased expression of both cardiomyocyte and neuronal markers. In summary, our genetic study of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in ES cells, which mimic the embryonic epiblast, has identified a unique requirement for HDAC1 in the optimal activity of HDAC1/2 corepressor complexes and cell fate determination during differentiation.
Chosen-Ciphertext Security from Slightly Lossy Trapdoor Functions. (2009)

Abstract. Lossy Trapdoor Functions (LTDFs), introduced by Peikert and Waters (STOC 2008) have been useful for building many cryptographic primitives. In particular, by using an LTDF that loses a (1 − 1/ω(log n)) fraction of all its input bits, it is possible to achieve CCA security using the LTDF as a black-box. Unfortunately, not all candidate LTDFs achieve such a high level of lossiness. In this paper we drastically improve upon previous results and show that an LTDF that loses only a non-negligible fraction of a single bit can be used in a black-box way to build numerous cryptographic primitives, including oneway injective trapdoor functions, CPA secure public-key encryption (PKE), and CCA-secure PKE. We then describe a novel technique for constructing such slightly-lossy LTDFs and give a construction based on modular squaring.
Drill across & visualization of cubes with non-conformed dimensions (2008)

Data analysts would benefit greatly from the ability to navigate and view combined multidimensional data from multiple sources, a key requirement of which is the conformity between their dimensions. The strict requirements of conformity restrict navigating to related multidimensional data from unseen or unfamiliar sources.

In this paper we make a distinction between conformed dimension tables and conformed dimension attributes and discuss the merits of relaxing the conformity requirement. We propose extending the navigation operation drill across to include the non-conformed dimensions and introduce Nested Pivot Tables as an extension to Pivot Tables to show how sources that have conformed as well as non-conformed dimensions can be viewed and analyzed together.
Holistic inversion of frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic data with minimal prior information (2009)

The holistic inversion approach for frequency domain airborne electromagnetic data has previously been employed to simultaneously calibrate, process and invert raw frequency-domain data where prior information was available. An alternative formulation has been developed, which is suitable in the case where explicit prior information is not available. It incorporates: a multi-layer vertically-smooth conductivity model; a simplified bias parameterisation; horizontal smoothing with respect to elevation; and cluster computer parallelisation. Without using any prior data, an inversion of 8.0 million data for 3.4 million parameters yields results that are consistent with independently derived calibration parameters, downhole logs and groundwater elevation data. We conclude that the success of the holistic inversion method is not dependent on a sophisticated conceptual model or the direct inclusion of survey-area specific prior information. In addition, acquisition costs could potentially be reduced by employing the holistic approach which largely eliminates the need for high altitude zero-level measurements.
Feasibility study of coal-fracture enhancement using aqueous sodium hypochlorite. Final report. [Aqueous sodium hypochlorite] (1983)

This research project was a pilot-scale simulation in the laboratory of the treatment of underground coal deposits by solutions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in water. Sub-bituminous coal packed tightly in a steel reactor 23'' long x 29'' I.D. was exposed to the solution pumped through at a rate of 1 gallon per hour. Flow-pressure drop measurements were made before and after each run; from these data, permeability was calculated by means of Darcy's equation. Three runs were made - 12.3 wt% NaOCl for 16 hours; 10.9 wt% NaOCl for 17.5 hours; and in the last run, 6.5 wt% NaOCl for three 15-hour periods, followed by 11 wt% NaOCl for 15 hours. These were designated, respectively, as Runs No. 1, No. 2, and Nos. 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4. In Run No. 1, permeability of the coal bed was increased by 6% to 13%. In Run No. 2, however, the permeability increased by a factor of 5.4 to 6.85, i.e., 440 to 585%. The increase from Run No. 1 to Run No. 2 is believed to be due to a better location of the feed inlet, plus the installation of baffles to direct the solution toward the centerline of the coal bed. Run 3-1, using relatively weak solution, showed a decrease of about 60% in permeability compared to that of the coal before treatment. Runs 3-2 and 3-3 brought the permeability back up to about 70% of the original value. Run 3-4 in which 11.0 wt% NaOCl solution was used, resulted in a 13 to 29% increase in permeability over the original value. Twenty-four thermocouples were symmetrically distributed within the coal bed. The increases of temperature due to reaction, which were different for each thermocouple, permitted the tracing of the path of maximum reaction within the coal bed. 31 figures.
What should be minimized in a decision tree (1990)

In this paper, we address the issue of evaluating decision trees generated from training examples by a learning algorithm. We give a set of performance measures and show how some of them relate to oth-ers. We derive results suggesting that the number of leaves in a decision tree is the important mea-sure to minimize. Minimizing this measure will, in a probabilistic sense, improve performance along the other measures. Notably it is expected to produce trees whose error rates are less likely to exceed some acceptable limit. The motivation for deriving such results is two-fold: 1. To better understand what constitutes a good mea-sure of performance, and 2. To provide guidance when deciding which aspects of a decision tree generation algorithm should be changed in order to improve the quality of the decision trees it generates. The results presented in this paper can be used as a basis for a methodology for formally proving that one decision tree generation algorithm is better than another. This would provide a more satisfactory al-ternative to the current empirical evaluation method for comparing algorithms. I.
Optically active sec-butylamine via hydroboration (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptically active sec-butylamine via hydroborationLawrence Verbit and Peter J. HeffronCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 10, 3199–3200Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01285a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01285a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using data structure knowledge for efficient lock generation and strong atomicity (2010)

To achieve high-performance on multicore systems, sharedmemory parallel languages must efficiently implement atomic operations. The commonly used and studied paradigms for atomicity are fine-grained locking, which is both difficult to program and error-prone; optimistic software transactions, which require substantial overhead to detect and recover from atomicity violations; and compiler-generation of locks from programmer-specified atomic sections, which leads to serialization whenever imprecise pointer analysis suggests the mere possibility of a conflicting operation. This paper presents a new strategy for compiler-generated locking that uses data structure knowledge to facilitate more precise alias and lock generation analyses and reduce unnecessary serialization. Implementing and evaluating these ideas in the Java language shows that the new strategy achieves eight-thread speedups of 0.83 to 5.9 for the five STAMP benchmarks studied, outperforming software transactions on all but one benchmark, and nearly matching programmer-specified fine-grained locks on all but one benchmark. The results also indicate that compiler knowledge of data structures improves the effectiveness of compiler analysis, boosting eight-thread performance by up to 300%. Further, the new analysis allows for software support of strong atomicity with less than 1% overhead for two benchmarks and less than 20% for three others.The strategy also nearly matches the performance of programmer-specified fine-grained locks for the SPECjbb2000 benchmark, which has traditionally not been amenable to static analyses.
Aldol Condensation of Acetone with Reactive Distillation Using Water as a Selectivity Enhancer (2007)

Aldol condensation of acetone in the presence of acid catalyst gives diacetone alcohol (DAA) as an intermediate product, which further dehydrates to give mesityl oxide (MO). By using reactive distillation (RD), one can improve selectivity toward DAA, by continuously removing it from the reactive zone and thereby suppressing the dehydration reaction. The presence of water in the reaction mixture has a predominant effect on the intrinsic reaction rates of the individual reactions. This rate-inhibiting effect of water can be advantageously used to improve the selectivity toward the desired intermediate products. The present study, through experiments and simulation, shows that introduction of water in RD can further increase the selectivity toward DAA. Batch kinetics of the reaction in the presence of water is studied, and a suitable kinetic expression is proposed. Further, the batch and continuous reactive distillation experiments are performed to assess the feasibility. The experimental results are explained with the help of an equilibrium-stage model, and the operating parameters for the desired performance are suggested based on the validated model.