gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Bleeding Time in Humans (1995)

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a potent in vitro inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation, but its role in regulating platelet reactivity in vivo and in humans in particular is undefined. Our primary objective was to determine whether the in vivo inhibition of NO production shortens template bleeding time (BT). The hemodynamic and platelet effects of NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an NO synthase inhibitor, were studied in 12 normal volunteers. Forearm template BT was determined before and 15 min after the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 4.3 mg/kg L-NMMA. L-NMMA infusion increased mean arterial pressure from 88 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.0001). Plasma NO levels, determined by chemiluminescence, decreased 65 +/- 10% from basal values (p < 0.05), confirming inhibition of endogenous NO production. Intravenous L-NMMA shortened BT from 5.5 +/- 0.9 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 min (p = 0.026), or by 24 +/- 8% (p = 0.008). L-NMMA infusion did not significantly change ex vivo platelet aggregation. To determine whether vasoconstriction affected BT, we investigated forearm blood flow (FBF; determined by venous occlusion plethymography), and template BT in 3 subjects after the local infusion of L-NMMA (2-4 mg/min intraarterially, i.a.). Intraarterial administration of L-NMMA caused a 39 +/- 3% (p = 0.006) reduction in FBF in the infused arm but did not change BT. These data show that systemic inhibition of NO production shortens BT in humans. However, the precise mechanism by which L-NMMA shortens BT is not completely defined.
Synthesis and positive inotropic activity of several 5-aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Part 5: Compounds with positive inotropic activity. (1993)

Starting from 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil two approaches were developed for the preparation of 5-amino-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential cardiotonic agents. 1. Gould-Jacobs reaction followed by chlorination of the intermediate 5-hydroxypyrido-[2,3-d]pyrimidine using DMF/POCl3. 2. Cyclization of C-acetylated as well as C-cyano acetylated 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil by an application of the Vilsmeier reaction yielding 5-chloropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Subsequent nucleophilic substitution reactions formed the target compounds which were examined for positive inotropic activity on isolated left atria and papillary muscles from guinea-pig hearts. Structure-activity relationships indicated that the effect depended on the 4-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivative structure.
Compensatory Midfoot Dorsiflexion in the Individual with Heelcord Tightness: Implications for Orthotic Device Designs (2002)

The purpose of this article is to review the functional biomechanics of the ankle foot complex. In addition, assessment and orthotic design implications for individuals in the many diagnostic groups who present with limited talocrural dorsiflexion secondary to soft-tissue limitations will be discussed. Adequate ankle dorsiflexion is necessary for many functional activities, especially walking. When range is unavailable, compensatory strategies are used. A common compensation to supplement limited ankle motion is to utilize midtarsal joint dorsiflexion that occurs in conjunction with subtalar joint pronation. Orthotic management of heelcord tightness falls into three general categories: (1) passive splints for stretching; (2) ankle foot orthoses to improve mobility; and (3) orthoses to decrease pain secondary to chronic excessive subtalar joint pronation. Specific design features can be built into the orthotic devices used in all of these categories. These features can improve the device's effectiveness in preventing compensatory midfoot dorsiflexion and thereby targeting stretching forces to the talocrural joint. Talocrural joint motion can be increased or maintained through use of the device in this manner. The features that should be considered when utilizing an orthotic device for this purpose include contouring of the foot piece, control of distal and proximal pronatory forces, and ankle mobility.
Sur des notions algébriques liées à l'analyse syntaxique (1970)

implique l'accord avec les conditions gnrales d'utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systmatique est constitutive d'une infraction pnale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la prsente mention de copyright.
2‐Azido‐2‐deoxycellulose: Synthesis and 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition (2008)

Abstract Chitosan ( 1 ) was prepared by basic hydrolysis of chitin of an average molecular weight of 70000 Da, 1 H‐NMR spectra indicating almost complete deacetylation. N ‐Phthaloylation of 1 yielded the known N ‐phthaloylchitosan ( 2 ), which was tritylated to provide 3a and methoxytritylated to 3b . Dephthaloylation of 3a with NH 2 NH 2 ⋅H 2 O gave the 6‐ O ‐tritylated chitosan 4a . Similarly, 3b gave the 6‐ O ‐methoxytritylated 4b . CuSO 4 ‐Catalyzed diazo transfer to 4a yielded 95% of the azide 5a , and uncatalyzed diazo transfer to 4b gave 82% of azide 5b . Further treatment of 5a with CuSO 4 produced 2‐azido‐2‐deoxycellulose ( 7 ). Demethoxytritylation of 5b in HCOOH gave 2‐azido‐2‐deoxy‐3,6‐di‐ O ‐formylcellulose ( 6 ), which was deformylated to 7 . The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 7 to a range of phenyl‐, (phenyl)alkyl‐, and alkyl‐monosubstituted alkynes in DMSO in the presence of CuI gave the 1,2,3‐triazoles 8 – 15 in high yields.
Amino Acid Binding by 2‐(Guanidiniocarbonyl)pyridines in Aqueous Solvents: A Comparative Binding Study Correlating Complex Stability with Stereoelectronic Factors (2004)

A series of guanidiniocarbonylpyridine receptors has been synthesized, and these compounds bind amino acids (carboxylate forms) in aqueous DMSO with association constants ranging from K = 30 to 460 M(-1) as determined by NMR titration experiments. The differences in the complex stabilities can be correlated with steric and electrostatic effects with the aid of calculated complex structures. For example, the electrostatic repulsion between the pyridine nitrogen lone pair and the bound carboxylate makes anion binding less efficient than with the analogous pyrrole receptors previously introduced by us for carboxylate binding in water. Furthermore, steric interactions between the receptor side chain as in 2 b and the bound substrate also disfavor complexation.
The transition from αZr to αZrO2 growth in sputter-deposited films as a function of gas O2 content, rare-gas type, and cathode voltage (1989)

In this study, a Zr target was sputtered in rf-excited, rare gas discharges (Kr, Ar, Ne) containing O–4% O2, operated at cathode voltages from −1.3 to −1.9 kV. In situ optical emission spectrometry was used to monitor three transitions of the neutral excited Zr atom in the discharge (λ3520, 3548, and 3601 Å). Films were deposited on fused SiO2 and their crystallography, optical behavior, and electrical resistivity were determined, postdeposition. The sequence of phases that evolved in the Zr–O system was αZr→transition phases→α+βZrO2→αZrO2. The sequence was shifted towards αZrO2 with increasing gas O2 content, changing rare gas from Kr→Ar→Ne, and decreasing cathode voltage. The results are discussed in terms of a two-step oxidation process involving both electrodes.
Nonlinear Saturation and Recurrence of the Two-Plasmon Decay Instability (1979)

Two-dimensional computer simulations show that short-wavelength ion fluctuations and density-profile steepening are dominant factors in the saturation of the $2{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{pe}}$ instability. The long-term evolution of this instability is described and the implications of this complex saturation process for absorption and harmonic emission are discussed.
2-D and 3-D oscillating wing aerodynamics for a range of angles of attack including stall (1994)

A comprehensive experimental investigation of the pressure distribution over a semispan wing undergoing pitching motions representative of a helicopter rotor blade was conducted. Testing the wing in the nonrotating condition isolates the three-dimensional (3-D) blade aerodynamic and dynamic stall characteristics from the complications of the rotor blade environment. The test has generated a very complete, detailed, and accurate body of data. These data include static and dynamic pressure distributions, surface flow visualizations, two-dimensional (2-D) airfoil data from the same model and installation, and important supporting blockage and wall pressure distributions. This body of data is sufficiently comprehensive and accurate that it can be used for the validation of rotor blade aerodynamic models over a broad range of the important parameters including 3-D dynamic stall. This data report presents all the cycle-averaged lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficient data versus angle of attack obtained from the instantaneous pressure data for the 3-D wing and the 2-D airfoil. Also presented are examples of the following: cycle-to-cycle variations occurring for incipient or lightly stalled conditions; 3-D surface flow visualizations; supporting blockage and wall pressure distributions; and underlying detailed pressure results.
China's Political Order under Xi Jinping: Concepts and Perspectives (2018)

This article argues that the essence of China’s neo-socialism under Xi Jinping is a CPC-led (Communist Party of China) ranking-stratified political order. This political order diverges not only from Western democratic values, but also from the general reform trend of the Deng Xiaoping era. During the 1980s, Deng promoted the separation of “Party and government” and “government and business” in an attempt to avoid the CPC “taking on and intervening in everything”. The article details how this reform trend has been reversed under Xi Jinping. Instead of notions of separation, the dominant slogan is “bidirectional entry and cross appointment”. Thus, in many localities, the Party secretary also serves as chairman of the local national people’s congress and in state-owned companies, the Party secretary duplicates as chairman of the board. The article also shows how the Party has strengthened its authority and centralised power in the hands of Xi Jinping. The result is the fusion of Party and state or what can be called the transition from Party-state to state-Party.
Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation (2011)

MazeSuite is a complete toolset to prepare, present and analyze navigational and spatial experiments. MazeSuite can be used to design and edit adapted virtual 3D environments, track a participants' behavioral performance within the virtual environment and synchronize with external devices for physiological and neuroimaging measures, including electroencephalogram and eye tracking. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) is an optical brain imaging technique that enables continuous, noninvasive, and portable monitoring of changes in cerebral blood oxygenation related to human brain functions. Over the last decade fNIR is used to effectively monitor cognitive tasks such as attention, working memory and problem solving. fNIR can be implemented in the form of a wearable and minimally intrusive device; it has the capacity to monitor brain activity in ecologically valid environments. Cognitive functions assessed through task performance involve patterns of brain activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that vary from the initial novel task performance, after practice and during retention. Using positron emission tomography (PET), Van Horn and colleagues found that regional cerebral blood flow was activated in the right frontal lobe during the encoding (i.e., initial naïve performance) of spatial navigation of virtual mazes while there was little to no activation of the frontal regions after practice and during retention tests. Furthermore, the effects of contextual interference, a learning phenomenon related to organization of practice, are evident when individuals acquire multiple tasks under different practice schedules. High contextual interference (random practice schedule) is created when the tasks to be learned are presented in a non-sequential, unpredictable order. Low contextual interference (blocked practice schedule) is created when the tasks to be learned are presented in a predictable order. Our goal here is twofold: first to illustrate the experimental protocol design process and the use of MazeSuite, and second, to demonstrate the setup and deployment of the fNIR brain activity monitoring system using Cognitive Optical Brain Imaging (COBI) Studio software. To illustrate our goals, a subsample from a study is reported to show the use of both MazeSuite and COBI Studio in a single experiment. The study involves the assessment of cognitive activity of the PFC during the acquisition and learning of computer maze tasks for blocked and random orders. Two right-handed adults (one male, one female) performed 315 acquisition, 30 retention and 20 transfer trials across four days. Design, implementation, data acquisition and analysis phases of the study were explained with the intention to provide a guideline for future studies.
Few–cycle terahertz generation and spectroscopy of nanostructures (2003)

We report on new schemes for terahertz (THz) generation. The THz efficiency of photoconducting antennas can be increased by using a cavity effect for the near-infrared pump beam. The cavity is formed by a molecular beam epitaxy grown semiconductor Bragg mirror below the photoconducting layer. The optical confinement is accompanied by an electrical confinement suppressing undesired leakage currents and providing a constant electric field in the active layers. The performance of this cavity-enhanced emitter is further improved by using a mobility optimized low-temperature GaAs layer. This emitter is successfully used in a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser cavity for highly efficient intracavity THz generation, where the photoconductive layer serves also as a saturable absorber. The broadband THz pulses generated are used for time-resolved spectroscopy of nanostructures. We study the dynamics of intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells. The relaxation of carriers excited by a near-infrared pump pulse is investigated by measuring the THz absorption between the different subbands with our THz pulses. For transition energies below the optical phonon energy we find relatively long relaxation times with a strong dependence on the excited carrier density.
Clinical evaluation of a sensory feedback device: the limb load monitor. (1978)

Based on records of 81 patients who used the LLM, and on questionnaire answers and comments from clinicians, the following can be concluded: 1. The LLM can be operated easily after a minimum of training. It does not break down with extended clinical use when handled properly. 2. The LLM manual provides sufficient information for proper operation and clinical use of the device. 3. The number of patients in a clinic who can benefit from LLM training can be predicted, if consideration is given to the type of facility and the size of the patient population and physical therapy staff. 4. The largest diagnostic group of patients who can benefit from LLM therapy are lower-limb amputees, followed by hemiplegic and orthopedic patients. 5. The general selection criteria outlined initially proved sufficient. A patient who is selected properly can be expected to respond to the feedback signal (i.e., make a weight-bearing adjustment) within the first or second session.
Endothelin receptor antagonists: novel agents for the treatment of hypertension? (1999)

Excitement always greets the development of a new class of therapeutic drug, representing as it does the combined efforts of the pharmaceutical industry, research laboratories and clinicians. Endothelin (ET)-receptor antagonists are being actively developed as new therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases, and may also be of use in other pathological conditions. Based on early and indirect evidence, ET has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension; the receptor antagonists have been studied quite extensively in this setting at the preclinical level. We now possess direct evidence that such drugs are effective as antihypertensives in some experimental models of hypertension. Furthermore, the ability of ET-receptor antagonists to prevent hypertension-induced end-organ damage is also well documented. Their capacity to reverse already established target organ alterations remains poorly defined. Based on our current preclinical and clinical knowledge, this review presents the anticipated clinical usefulness of these new drugs, both in terms of blood pressure reduction and the protection of target organs.
Transforming growth factor-beta induces plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in cultured human orbital fibroblasts. (1995)

Exposure to TGF-beta consistently induces PAI-1 expression in orbital fibroblasts, cells that do not express the polypeptide constitutively at high levels. The effects are mediated at the pretranslational level and involve the upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA. These results suggest that TGF-beta may exert a profound regulatory influence on the pericellular proteolytic environment in orbital connective tissue.
Role of Two Types of Angiotensin II Receptors in Colorectal Carcinoma Progression (2014)

Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is a bioactive peptide associated closely with the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the expression and role of 2 Ang-II receptor types in 20 cases of CRC. Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) protein was localized to the plasma membrane, whereas Ang-II type 2 receptor (AT2R) protein was localized to the nuclei. AT1R expression showed a direct correlation with tumor stage and liver metastasis, whereas AT2R expression showed an inverse correlation. A knockdown study of the AT1R or AT2R with Ang-II treatment was performed to reveal their individual roles in a mouse rectal cell line CMT93, which expresses both Ang-II receptor types. AT2R knockdown showed that the AT1R was associated with tumor growth, survival, invasion and VEGF-A secretion in CMT93 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, AT1R knockdown showed that the AT2R was associated with increased VEGF-A secretion at low Ang-II concentrations, whereas high concentrations of Ang-II inhibited tumor growth, survival, invasion and VEGF-A secretion. Thus, the AT1R showed a monophasic protumoral effect, while the AT2R showed a biphasic amphitumoral effect. Our findings suggest that a high angiotensinogen condition in the liver might evoke the antitumoral role of the AT2R in CRC cells.
Compact Vibration Measuring System for in-vehicle Applications (2011)

Low frequency vibration occurs especially in ground transportation. It is of permanent interest in studies of driver's and passenger comfort issues and seating dynamics research. Piezoelectric accelerometers commonly used for vibration measurement are not suitable, hence other sensors capable of measuring accelerations down to sub-hertz region have to be used. Based on some previous experience with MEMS acceleration sensors a compact measuring system employing two three-axial MEMS accelerometers interfaced via a data acquisition unit to a light-weight notebook was designed and constructed. The digitised data were processed by scripts by Matlab ® with the aim to analyse both the vibration influence on seated person and the dynamic properties of the seat. Some preliminary results from illustrative test runs with a passenger automobile are presented.
[The molecular mechanisms by which PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors improve insulin resistance]. (2001)

Potent activation of PPAR gamma by thiazolidinediones(TZD) increases TG content of WAT, thereby decreasing TG content of liver/muscle, leading to amelioration of insulin resistance at the expense of obesity. Moderate reduction of PPAR gamma activity by PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors decreases TG content of WAT/muscle/liver due to increased leptin and increase in fatty-acid combustion and decrease in lipogenesis, thereby ameliorating HF diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors decrease lipogenesis in WAT, while TZD stimulate adipocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby both preventing adipocyte hypertrophy, which is associated with alleviation of insulin resistance presumably due to decreases in FFA, and TNF alpha, and upregulation of adiponectin. We conclude that although by different mechanisms, both PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors and PPAR gamma agonist improve insulin resistance, which is associated with decreased TG content of muscle/liver and prevention of adipocyte hypertrophy.
Characterization of a Ca2+ binding and regulatory site in the Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (1992)

A region in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor between amino acids 4014 and 4765 was expressed as a trpE fusion protein. Overlay studies revealed that this region bound Ca2+ and ruthenium red, an indicator of Ca(2+)-binding sites. Ca2+ binding was mapped to subregion 13b between amino acids 4246 and 4377, encompassing a predicted high affinity Ca(2+)-binding site, and to subregion 13c between amino acids 4364 and 4529, encompassing two predicted high affinity Ca(2+)-binding sites. Ca2+ binding was then mapped to three shorter sequences, 22(13b1), 36(13c1), and 35(13c2), amino acids long, each encompassing one of the three predicted Ca(2+)-binding sites. Site-directed polyclonal antibodies were raised against these three short sequences and purified on antigen affinity columns. The antibody against sequence 13c2, lying between residues 4478 and 4512, specifically recognized both denatured and native forms of the ryanodine receptor, suggesting that at least part of the 35 amino acid sequence containing the Ca(2+)-binding site is surface-exposed. The affinity purified antibody increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of ryanodine receptor channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, resulting in increased open probability and opening time without altering channel conductance. The antibody-activated channel was still modulated by Ca2+, Mg2+, ATP, ryanodine, and ruthenium red. These observations suggest that sequence 13c2 may be involved in Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release.
Successful use of recombinant VIIa (Novoseven®) and endometrial ablation in a patient with intractable menorrhagia secondary to FVII deficiency (2000)

Menorrhagia is a well-recognized complication of inherited bleeding disorders. In the past, the only viable option for women who were unresponsive to medical therapy was hysterectomy. Endometrial ablation has been recently developed as an alternative therapy for these patients and is associated with decreased morbidity. We report the successful use of activated recombinant factor VII (FVIIa) and endometrial ablation in the treatment of excessive menstrual blood loss in a 34-year-old women with severe factor VII (FVII) deficiency. Recombinant FVIIa (40 μg/kg) was administered pre-operatively and every 6 h (20 μg/kg) for 24 h postoperatively. The procedure was uncomplicated with a 200 ml surgical blood loss. FVIIa was used because it allowed FVII replacement with a recombinant product and also has the ability to bind to tissue factor expressed at the site of vascular injury, resulting in site-specific thrombin generation. We believe that endometrial ablation with recombinant VIIa should be considered in patients with severe FVII deficiency and menorrhagia unresponsive to medical therapy.