gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromogenicity of <i>Streptomyces</i> (1972)

A simplified technique to detect polyphenol oxidase and melanin formation by Streptomyces culture filtrates was developed. The procedure involves the direct assay of pigment formation by the culture filtrate with 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-dopa) as a substrate. Among cultures of the International Streptomyces Project, 34 failed to produce a diffusible dark brown pigment on peptone-yeast extract-iron-agar and synthetic tyrosine-agar and gave a negative reaction to the melanin formation test. Sixteen cultures produced a diffusible dark brown pigment on both peptone-yeast extract-iron-agar and synthetic tyrosine-agar and gave positive reactions to the test with either L-tyrosine or L-dopa as substrate. Twenty-one cultures produced a diffusible dark brown pigment on peptone-yeast extract-iron-agar, but failed to do so on synthetic tyrosine-agar. Most of these cultures gave a positive reaction to the test when L-dopa was used as the substrate. The correlation between chromogenicity on complex organic media and melanin formation was more clearly established with L-dopa as substrate than with synthetic tyrosine-agar in the present test. The melanin formation test by the present technique, instead of chromogenicity on complex organic media, is recommended as a key feature for the classification of Streptomyces.
Migration Inhibitory Effect of Cell-Free Supernatants from Tuberculin-Stimulated Cultures of Human Mononuclear Leukocytes Demonstrated by Two-Step Mif Agarose Assay (1973)

Abstract Agarose gel technique with human peripheral blood leukocytes as migrating indicator cells was used to demonstrate migration inhibition factor (MIF) in cell-free supernatants from cultures of tuberculin-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. In this two-step MIF agarose assay only a few hundred microliters of supernatant were used. MIF was produced if cells from Mantoux-positive persons were cultured with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), but also if the sensitive cells after preincubation with PPD were washed and cultured in medium without PPD. There was a good correlation between the migration inhibitory effect of supernatants from PPD-stimulated cultures and the Mantoux reaction. The two-step MIF agarose assay was more sensitive than the direct leukocyte migration agarose test and makes possible the testing of several pairs of supernatants and a standard of MIF activity on the same migrating indicator cell population.
Sifting out the mud (2002)

More and more computers are being incorporated in devices where the available amount of memory is limited. This contrasts with the increasing need for additional functionality and the need for rapid application development. While object-oriented programming languages, providing mechanisms such as inheritance and templates, allow fast development of complex applications, they have a detrimental effect on program size. This paper introduces new techniques to reuse the code of whole procedures at the binary level and a supporting technique for data reuse. These techniques benefit specifically from program properties originating from the use of templates and inheritance. Together with our previous work on code abstraction at lower levels of granularity, they achieve additional code size reductions of up to 38% on already highly optimized and compacted binaries, without sacrificing execution speed. We have incorporated these techniques in Squeeze++, a prototype link-time binary rewriter for the Alpha architecture, and extensively evaluate them on a suite of 8 real-life C++ applications. The total code size reductions achieved post link-time (i.e. without requiring any change to the compiler) range from 27 to 70%, averaging at around 43%.
<title>Visual difference metric for realistic image synthesis</title> (1999)

An accurate and efficient model of human perception has been developed to control the placement of sample in a realistic image synthesis algorithm. Previous sampling techniques have sought to spread the error equally across the image plane. However, this approach neglects the fact that the renderings are intended to be displayed for a human observer. The human visual system has a varying sensitivity to error that is based upon the viewing context. This means that equivalent optical discrepancies can be very obvious in one situation and imperceptible in another. It is ultimately the perceptibility of this error that governs image quality and should be used as the basis of a sampling algorithm. This paper focuses on a simplified version of the Lubin Visual Discrimination Metric (VDM) that was developed for insertion into an image synthesis algorithm. The sampling VDM makes use of a Haar wavelet basis for the cortical transform and a less severe spatial pooling operation. The model was extended for color including the effects of chromatic aberration. Comparisons are made between the execution time and visual difference map for the original Lubin and simplified visual difference metrics. Results for the realistic image synthesis algorithm are also presented.
Compact broadband stacked implantable antenna for biotelemetry with medical devices (2007)

A compact stacked implantable antenna for biotelemetry in medical implant communication services band (MICS band: 402–405 MHz) is proposed. Using a stacked planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) structure can enhance bandwidth and reduce the effect of frequency shift in human tissue giving complex and highly variable characteristics. The antenna looks like one dime (US currency) and has a 7.5 mm radius, 1.9 mm thickness, operating frequency at 402 MHz and a bandwidth of 50 MHz at return loss of 10 dB. A miniature, broadband stacked implantable antenna for biotelemetry with medical devices is provided.
Multiband Folded Planar Monopole Antenna for Mobile Handset (2004)

This paper introduces a folded planar monopole antenna, which has a very low profile of about one twentieth of the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. The effect is achieved by using a bended rectangular radiating patch and an inverted L-shape ground plane. The proposed antenna can be used in multiband operation, with omnidirectional radiation patterns for all operating bands. Its impedance bandwidth, determined by 10 dB return loss, covers almost all present wireless communication systems: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Digital Communication System (DCS), Personal Communication System (PCS), Universal Mobile Communication System (UMTS), and Industrial Science Medical (ISM) band. This paper presents the design and experimental results of the proposed antenna. Moreover, the study also investigates the tuning effects of the geometry parameters on impedance matching.
An Entropy-based Pruning Method for CNN Compression (2017)

This paper aims to simultaneously accelerate and compress off-the-shelf CNN models via filter pruning strategy. The importance of each filter is evaluated by the proposed entropy-based method first. Then several unimportant filters are discarded to get a smaller CNN model. Finally, fine-tuning is adopted to recover its generalization ability which is damaged during filter pruning. Our method can reduce the size of intermediate activations, which would dominate most memory footprint during model training stage but is less concerned in previous compression methods. Experiments on the ILSVRC-12 benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Compared with previous filter importance evaluation criteria, our entropy-based method obtains better performance. We achieve 3.3x speed-up and 16.64x compression on VGG-16, 1.54x acceleration and 1.47x compression on ResNet-50, both with about 1% top-5 accuracy decrease.
Small Molecule Microarrays Enable the Identification of a Selective, Quadruplex-Binding Inhibitor of MYC Expression (2015)

The transcription factor MYC plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, progression, and maintenance. However, it has proven difficult to develop small molecule inhibitors of MYC. One attractive route to pharmacological inhibition of MYC has been the prevention of its expression through small molecule-mediated stabilization of the G-quadruplex (G4) present in its promoter. Although molecules that bind globally to quadruplex DNA and influence gene expression are well-known, the identification of new chemical scaffolds that selectively modulate G4-driven genes remains a challenge. Here, we report an approach for the identification of G4-binding small molecules using small molecule microarrays (SMMs). We use the SMM screening platform to identify a novel G4-binding small molecule that inhibits MYC expression in cell models, with minimal impact on the expression of other G4-associated genes. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and thermal melt assays demonstrated that this molecule binds reversibly to the MYC G4 with single digit micromolar affinity, and with weaker or no measurable binding to other G4s. Biochemical and cell-based assays demonstrated that the compound effectively silenced MYC transcription and translation via a G4-dependent mechanism of action. The compound induced G1 arrest and was selectively toxic to MYC-driven cancer cell lines containing the G4 in the promoter but had minimal effects in peripheral blood mononucleocytes or a cell line lacking the G4 in its MYC promoter. As a measure of selectivity, gene expression analysis and qPCR experiments demonstrated that MYC and several MYC target genes were downregulated upon treatment with this compound, while the expression of several other G4-driven genes was not affected. In addition to providing a novel chemical scaffold that modulates MYC expression through G4 binding, this work suggests that the SMM screening approach may be broadly useful as an approach for the identification of new G4-binding small molecules.
3D flow performance of mixed-flow pump using CFD approach. (1998)

This paper deals with a 3-D time-marching incompressible Navier-Stokes solver using the pseudo-compressibility technique to study the non-Newtonian flow field through mixed-flow water pump impeller. The applicability of the original code is validated by comparison with well published experimental and computational results. The pressure field solution is based on the pseudo-compressibility approach in which a time derivative pressure term is introduced into the mass conservation equation. Two non-Newtonian models based on Power-law and Casson relations are further included in the current code to predict the non-Newtonian flow through the same pump. The non-Newtonian results are compared with Newtonian ones in the laminar flow regime and it is found that the steady flow characteristics of the two fluids are rather similar. This indicates that the influence of non-Newtonian shear thinning behaviour might not be an important factor in determining the general flow patterns through a conventional large-scale mixed-flow water pump as the shear rates are high. However this will not be true for an actual-sized and viscous-dominant centrifugal pump.
Host protective immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice: activation of Th cell subsets and lymphokine secretion in mice expressing different response phenotypes. (1991)

Host protective immunity to the intestinal dwelling nematode Trichinella spiralis is mediated by CD4+ mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells during the course of intestinal infection. The present study has examined the cytokine production by T cells within the MLN of two H-2-compatible strains of mice infected with T. spiralis which differ in the speed at which they expel the parasite from the gut. For both strains of mice, in vitro stimulation of MLN cells with a protective worm antigen preparation resulted in secretion of elevated levels of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5 and IL-9 compared to controls. Negligible levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were secreted. Furthermore, a similar pattern of cytokine secretion was observed from MLN cells taken from infected mice after in vitro stimulation by T-cell mitogens. No evidence was found for a relationship between quantity of cytokine secreted and the differences in speed of parasite expulsion in the two strains of mice studied. The results support the hypothesis that protective immunity to T. spiralis infection is associated with the activation of Th2-type cells within the MLN in the relative absence of Th1-type cells.
Interaction of acylating agents and phosphorus(III) sources. I. Intermediacy of condensed species in the formation of (1-hydrocyethylidene) diphosphonic acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of acylating agents and phosphorus(III) sources. I. Intermediacy of condensed species in the formation of (1-hydrocyethylidene) diphosphonic acidJ. B. Prentice, O. T. Quimby, R. J. Grabenstetter, and D. Allan NicholsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 17, 6119–6124Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00772a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00772a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An NMOS pipelined image processor using quaternary logic (1985)

A 2MHz pipelined image processing chip designed with a 5μm NMOS process will be discussed. Multiple ion implant quaternary logic has been found to result in a 4-fold reduction in complexity compared to a conventional binary implementation.
Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure and Brain Glucose Metabolism (2011)

HE MAJORITY OF THE RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY emitted by a cellular telephone is absorbed by the hand and head of the user. The total energy absorbed is a function of the specific absorption rate, duration of use, and the manner in which the phone is used. In addition to concerns about potential harmful effects of such exposure, such as the issue of risk of brain cancer, change in brain function related to cell phone radiofrequencies also is of concern. Studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of cell phone use on brain electrical activities, neurophysiology, and behavior. The study by Volkow and colleagues in this issue of JAMA 1 is the first investigation in humans of glucose metabolism in the brain after cell phone use.
The Swelling and Solution of Synthetic Fibre‐forming Polar Polymers in Liquids* (1957)

The general principles governing the interaction of organic liquids and synthetic fibre‐forming polymers (including cellulose acetate) are considered, and the factors which determine whether a liquid will dissolve or swell a given polymer are discussed.
A Novel, Facile Route to β‐Fluoroamines by Hydrofluorination Using Superacid HF—SbF<sub>5</sub>. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strain variation in bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutase from symbiotic Photobacterium leiognathi (1986)

Photobacterium leiognathi ATCC 25521 (the type strain and light-organ symbiont of ponyfish) is one of the few bacteria that produces a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, termed bacteriocuprein. We enzymologically and immunologically characterized the bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutases in sonicates from the type strain and nine additional strains of P. leiognathi, each isolated from the light organ of a separate ponyfish specimen, representing seven ponyfish species. The results indicate considerable strain variation. (i) The level of bacteriocuprein enzymatic activity varied greatly among strains from different species of ponyfish. In four of the nine strains, activity was low or undetectable, while in five strains it was comparable to that in the type strain. (ii) The bacteriocuprein in one strain had a specific activity much lower than that of the type strain, and in another strain, no bacteriocuprein activity and no cross-reactive polypeptide were detectable. (iii) A new electrophoretic variant, which migrated slower than that of strains from fish captured in Thailand and Japan, was identified in strains from fish captured in the Philippine Islands. (iv) Enzymological and immunological differences were observed in bacteriocupreins of strains from male and female specimens of the same ponyfish species, for the two species in which specimens of both sexes were examined. These observations raise the possibility that specific variations in the bacteriocupreins of P. leiognathi might be characteristic of the species, geographical source, or sex of the ponyfish host. Thus, the data indicate that the possibility of strain variation should be considered when other species are screened for bacteriocupreins.
Reliable quadratic for frequency-turnover temperature vs orientation of rotated Y-cut quartz plate resonator oscillating in c-mode (2002)

This paper describes the reliable quadratic for frequency-turnover temperature vs orientation of c-mode in the temperature range -196-300/spl deg/C. From the relation we can show the useful piezoelectric cuts of quartz for the resonator and sensor at the elevated temperature region. In particular, the experiments are carried out in the vicinity of AT-cut.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Content registration in VANETs— saving bandwidth through node cooperation (2009)

Search indices for distributed information are an important building block for many mobile, decentralized applications. However, the network load caused by nodes registering their information in the index can become quite significant especially in mobile networks like vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), where nodes need to register periodically due to their mobility. Our goal in this paper is to encode this registration information as efficiently as possible. For this purpose, we first analytically study hash keys and Bloom filters as alternative encoding types of nodes' registration data. It turns out that in many situations, Bloom filters are more bandwidth efficient than hash keys, and that they are even more efficient when nodes cooperate. Many such forms of cooperation are conceivable; we define one specific scheme targeting metropolitan VANETs. Our accompanying simulation study shows that this first algorithm already allows for large bandwidth savings in content registration, compared to the alternative of registering hash keys.
The construction of a gas aggregation source for the preparation of size-selected nanoscale transition metal clusters (2000)

The design and operation of a gas aggregation source is described. The source combines the attributes of high-temperature operation (enabling preparation of transition metal clusters), mass selection, ultrahigh vacuum compatibility, and transportability. This makes it ideally suited to in situ studies such as scanning tunneling microscope or synchrotron radiation experiments. Data are presented to illustrate the performance of the source; recent results obtained in synchrotron radiation studies are highlighted.
A protein molecule as a bioanalytical device (1984)

Cross-linked protein solids are proposed as new types of chemomechanical sensors for identification of biological molecules and measurement of their concentration. New sensors make use of the ability of proteins to specifically bind its ligands and to alter their conformation upon the binding. The use of immobilized proteins enables these conformational changes to be detected through the changes in mechanical properties of protein solid samples (stress, stain or the Young's modulus). Some advantages of the new sensors over enzyme probes are illustrated on considering the properties of papain sensor for alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester.
Utilization and Human Geography of the Deserts (1966)

THE PRESIDENT of the Institute, Professor R. F. Peel has given us an excellent review of the geomorphological aspects of the deserts.2 Although I am myself more a geomorphologist than a human geographer, I shall try to balance his address by some words on the human problems of the deserts, trying to testify, at least for myself, and perhaps at my own expense, to the old and worthy theory of the unity of geography, and to collect together some observations I have had the opportunity to make in the various deserts I have studied. Everybody knows that arid and semi-arid areas result from a deficit of water and humidity balance and that, consequently, the vegetation cover is sparse and poor. That is why these areas can only be occupied, first, by pastoral nomadic people, seeking pasture over the large area occupied by a tribe whenever it has been raining and the soil remains somewhat wet; secondly, by farmers gathered in generally rather small areas, called oases, where water is available for irrigation. When the rain is less scanty and its annual or seasonal distribution more suitable, pasture becomes more abundant and dry cultivation possible, so that either pastors or farmers can adopt new and more diversified types of soil utilization and of life, ranging from nomadism, semi-nomadism and transhumance to dry extensive or irrigated intensive agriculture. In any case, every type of people has to maintain relations, both economic and social, with its neighbours, because they need one another, the more so when they are exclusively nomadic or, on the contrary, gardeners in the oases. So that, when they live either inside the desert or in the semi-arid margins, people must cross these empty areas. The pastoral people, the owners of the beasts of burden, have, or had, to set up caravans; they were carriers and traders, related to the merchants of the towns, the main harbours of the desert, where the oases were halting places and markets along the roads. This, in a few words, is, or rather was till recent times, the traditional life, somewhat different from one place to the other, but everywhere well adapted to a most difficult and determining natural environment. It has been so for a long time; for, in the Old World, desert occupation by either pastoral or cultivating people can be noticed, at least since the last humid period of the Holocene, between 5,500 and 2,500 B.P., and probably before that time. And we know that agriculture could be even older in Asia, and in South America as well. Nowadays, if the people leading a traditional life in arid and semi-arid areas play a valuable role since they occupy very wide surfaces, they do not play the same part in world economic activity. Their number appears reduced if we compare it to the population of other climatic regions, and they appear frequently to the geographer as some of those archaisms which are typical of 'underdeveloped' countries. Now, in our time, natural conditions can be mastered better than formerly, but the new techniques are mainly applied to areas where they have the most