gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arabinofuranosides from Mycobacteria:  Synthesis of a Highly Branched Hexasaccharide and Related Fragments Containing β-Arabinofuranosyl Residues (2002)

The synthesis of 11 oligosaccharides (4-14) containing beta-arabinofuranosyl residues is reported. The glycans are all fragments of two polysaccharides, arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan, which are found in the cell wall complex of mycobacteria. In the preparation of the targets, the key step was a low-temperature glycosylation reaction that installed the beta-arabinofuranosyl residues with good to excellent stereocontrol.
Short Term Load Forecasting Using an Artificial Neural Network Trained by Artificial Immune System Learning Algorithm (2010)

Load forecasting is very essential to the operation of electric utility. It is a pre-requisite to economic dispatch of electrical power and enhances the efficiency besides ensuring reliable operation of a power system. Electrical energy demand is highly dependent on various independent variables such as the weather, temperature, holidays, and days in a week. The accuracy of the forecast is important to ensure consistent electrical power supply to customer without compromising the economic aspect of the power system operation. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained by the Artificial Immune System (AIS) learning algorithm is proposed for short term load forecasting model. Two sets of electrical energy demand data were used to test the capability of the proposed algorithm. Based on the results obtained, it shows that the proposed AIS learning algorithm is capable to provide a comparable forecast to that of Artificial Neural Network with Back Propagation (BP) as the learning algorithm. Hence, this indicates that Artificial Immune System could be implemented as an alternative learning algorithm for an Artificial Neural Network.
Systematic review: prevention of travellers’ diarrhoea (2008)

Research is needed to determine the relative effectiveness of exercising care on food and beverage selection and chemoprophylaxis in preventing travellers' diarrhoea and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome during high-risk travel. Enterotoxigenic E. coli vaccines appear to be a promising addition to travel medicine.
Microwave Allpass Networks - Part I (1968)

In this paper it is shown that any arbitrary delay characteristic of a commensurate microwave network, which supports a TEM mode of propagation, may be realized by means of a transformerless, coupled-line network within an arbitrary additive constant. The realization procedure presented is based upon the synthesis of microwave C-type and D-type allpass sections.
Single-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Polarization (2008)

A single-fed reconfigurable microstrip antenna that can provide various polarization diversities is presented in this paper. The antenna is excited by a microstrip feed line through aperture coupling. When two PIN diodes are used to respectively reconfigure the coupling slot and the open stub of the feed line, the polarization of the microstrip antenna can be switched between vertical and horizontal polarizations. For the reconfigurable antenna with the linear polarization diversity, it can be converted to a circularly-polarized antenna with switchable polarization sense by introducing a perturbation segment. Moreover, an antenna with the quadri-polarization diversity, including dual orthogonal linear polarizations and two circular polarizations, is also developed from the structure of the switchable circular polarization microstrip antenna, and only three diodes are required. Details of the antenna design are shown, and the measured results for the constructed prototype are also exhibited and discussed.
Wafer-Level Photocatalytic Water Splitting on GaN Nanowire Arrays Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2011)

We report on the achievement of wafer-level photocatalytic overall water splitting on GaN nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy with the incorporation of Rh/Cr(2)O(3) core-shell nanostructures acting as cocatalysts, through which H(2) evolution is promoted by the noble metal core (Rh) while the water forming back reaction over Rh is effectively prevented by the Cr(2)O(3) shell O(2) diffusion barrier. The decomposition of pure water into H(2) and O(2) by GaN nanowires is confirmed to be a highly stable photocatalytic process, with the turnover number per unit time well exceeding the value of any previously reported GaN powder samples.
Rules and limitations of building delay-tolerant topologies for coupled systems (2012)

This paper investigates the equilibrium behavior of broadly studied synchronization dynamics of coupled systems, among which shared information is delayed. The underlying relationship is established between graph structures and the largest amount of delay the dynamics can withstand without losing stability. In particular, based on Cartesian product of graphs, we present the rules and limitations for synthesizing the graphs of large-scale systems that can remain stable for as large delays as possible. Examples are provided to demonstrate the results.
Overview of the MONET, Multiwavelength Optical Networking, program (2005)

Summary form only given. In December 1994, AT&T, Bellcore, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, and Pacific Telesis formed the Multiwavelength Optical Networking (MONET) Consortium, which is partially supported by ARPA and has the participation of the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The objective of the MONET program is to advance, demonstrate, and integrate network architecture, advanced technology, network management, and business drivers to achieve high-capacity, high-performance, cost-effective, reliable multiwavelength optical networking over a national (or global) scale to serve both commercial and government applications. This talk presents the MONET vision and summarizes the current status of the program.
LESAR: Localization System for Environmental Sensors using Augmented Reality (2020)

With the rapid development of IoT (Internet of Things) technology, numerous sensors are being deployed to the smart society with the integration of IoT services. Since the collected sensor data reflect the current status of the surrounding environment, determining accurate positions for sensors is crucial from the stage of setting the sensors to realize meaningful sensor data analysis. In this paper, we propose LESAR, a localization system for environmental sensing using augmented reality. LESAR uses a smartphone camera with the AR (Augmented Reality) function to measure the distances between sensors, while the ID of each sensor is identified simultaneously by analyzing the collected Bluetooth signals. The vision-based approach used can enable three-dimensional localization through the simple use of a smartphone.
Heat Transfer in False-Twist Texturing (1974)

A mathematical model for the heating of yarn in the false-twist texturizing process was formed, and an equation for the surface temperature of the yarn for contact-type heaters was derived. An expression for the temperature distribution in the cross section of the yarn in the heater zone was derived mathematically. The surface temperatures of nylon and polyester yarns of different deniers were measured and compared with predicted values. For measuring the surface temperature, a Fiber-temp® non-contact-type temperature measuring instrument was used. The yarns were heated using controlled short heaters 12 in. and 8 in. long. The temperature distribution in the cross section of the yarns was calculated from the equation for various yarn speeds and heater temperatures. The temperature difference between the surface and the center of the yarn was found to be small for the normal yarns used in texturizing, even at very high speeds. Polyester yarns were found to heat up faster than nylon yarns due to the lower heat capacity of polyester. The heavy denier yarns were heated more slowly than the lower denier yarns because of the lower A/M (surface area/mass) ratio of the high denier ones.
Spontaneous Formation of Vesicles and Dispersed Cubic and Hexagonal Particles in Amino Acid-Based Catanionic Surfactant Systems (2006)

Mixed catanionic surfactant systems based on amino acids were investigated with respect to the formation of liquid crystal dispersions and the stability of the dispersions. The surfactants used were arginine-N-lauroyl amide dihydrochloride (ALA) and N(alpha)-lauroyl-arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride (LAM), which are arginine-based cationic surfactants; sodium hydrogenated tallow glutamate (HS), a glutamic-based anionic surfactant; and the anionic surfactants sodium octyl sulfate (SOS) and sodium cetyl sulfate (SCS). It is demonstrated that in certain ranges of composition there is a spontaneous formation of vesicular, cubic, and hexagonal structures. The solutions were characterized with respect to internal structure and size by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and turbidity measurements. Vesicles formed spontaneously and were found for all systems studied; their size distribution is presented for the systems ALA/SCS/W and ALA/SOS/W; they are all markedly polydisperse. The aging process for the system ALA/SOS/W was monitored both by turbidity and by cryo-TEM imaging; the size distribution profile for the system becomes narrower and the number average radius decreases with time. The presence of dispersed particles with internal cubic structure (cubosomes) and internal hexagonal structure (hexosomes) was documented for the systems containing ALA and HS. The particles formed spontaneously and remained stably dispersed in solution; no stabilizer was required. (Cubosome and hexosome are USPTO registered trademarks of Camurus AB, Sweden.) The spontaneous formation of particles and their stability, together with favorable biological responses, suggests a number of applications.
Erratum: Effects of readsorption on outgassing rate measurements [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A <b>14</b>, 2599 (1996)] (1997)

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Solid‐State Preparation of BaTiO <sub>3</sub> ‐Based Dielectrics, Using Ultrafine Raw Materials (2001)

BaTiO 3 and Ba(Ti,Zr)O 3 dielectric powders have been prepared from submicrometer BaCO 3 , TiO 2 , and ZrO 2 . By use of submicrometer BaCO 3 the intermediate formation of Ba 2 TiO 4 second phase can be widely suppressed. Monophase perovskites of BaTiO 3 were already formed at 900°C and Ba(Ti,Zr)O 3 at 1050°C. Aggregates of very small subgrains could be easily disintegrated to particle sizes <0.5 μm.
Computational imagery (1992)

mental imagery, but to describe effective computational techniques for storing and manipulating image representations. To accomplish this, however, requires an understanding of the broad properties of representations and processes involved in mental imagery.
Performance of a Fail-Safe Active Suspension with Limited State Feedback for Improved Ride Quality and Reduced Pavement Loading in Heavy Vehicles (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The increased number of heavy trucks on today's highways, along with the extended driving hours, resulted in increased demand for improved driving conditions and prompted concern about the dynamic pavement loads. The dynamic pavement loads are one of the major causes of pavement deterioration. Passive suspensions, while being very reliable and easily implementable, fall short of satisfying the various conflicting design requirements. The overwhelming improvement of ride quality resulting from the use of active suspensions seems to have overshadowed their effect on tire generated pavement damage. An in-plane tractor-semitrailer model is used to evaluate the relative performance of fail-safe active and passive suspensions. Both full state feedback and limited state feedback are used in the design of the active suspension. Even when hard to measure road profile signals are eliminated from the feedback scheme, the performance of the active suspension is negligibly affected and remains superior to passive suspension performance. The design of an active suspension is partially governed by subjective choice of the scaling factors in the performance index. The desired vehicle performance can be achieved by tuning these scaling factors and consequently evaluating the suspension feedback gains.</div>
A New Function for Phospholipase C-γ1: Coupling to the Adaptor Protein GRB2 (1997)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor results in high-affinity binding of the adaptor protein GRB2, which serves as a convergence point for multiple signaling pathways. Present studies demonstrate that EGF induces the co-immunoprecipitation of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma1 with the adaptor protein GRB2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos, but not with the adaptor protein SHC, in WB cells. Inhibition of PLC-gamma1 tyrosine phosphorylation by phenylarsine oxide reduces the co-immunoprecipitation of PLC-gamma1 with GRB2. Furthermore, angiotensin II, a G protein-coupled receptor agonist, also induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1 and its co-immunoprecipitation with GRB2 in WB cells. Interestingly, angiotensin II stimulation also causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor, suggesting that angiotensin II-induced PLC-gamma1 tyrosine phosphorylation in WB cells may be via EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activation. In addition, there is some level of association between PLC-gamma1 and GRB2 that is independent of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1 in both in vivo and in vitro studies. In vitro studies further demonstrate that the Tyr771 and Tyr783 region of PLC-gamma1 and the SH2 domain of GRB2 are potentially involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent association between PLC-gamma1 and GRB2. The association of PLC-gamma1 with GRB2 and Sos suggests that PLC-gamma1 may be directly involved in the Ras signaling pathway and that GRB2 may be involved in the translocation of PLC-gamma1 from cytosol to the plasma membrane as a necessary step for its effect on inositol lipid hydrolysis.
Accuracy of a 3D laser/camera surface imaging system for setup verification of the pelvic and thoracic regions in radiotherapy treatments (2012)

The accuracy of Sentinel system in detecting errors is influenced by the extension and reliability of the surface used. When the reproducibility of external body surfaces was optimized differences between CBCT and Sentinel registration parameters resulted less than 5.7 mm and 2° in the 90% of the pelvis and thorax considered cases. No advantage in considering a Sentinel acquisition as reference was observed.
Clustering technique to reduce chip area and delay for FPGA (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we study the requirements for electronic design automation (EDA) tools in deep‐submicron technologies and identify critical factors for programmable logic devices. We also propose a clustering technique for a cluster‐based FPGA to optimize routability of outer cluster nets. In order to reduce the routing resources used in FPGA, this technique uses two evaluation functions. One evaluation function reduces the routing resources in the outer cluster. The second evaluation function utilizes various characteristics of the local routing resources in the inner cluster. Our clustering technique has the unique ability to optimize routing resources concurrently. As a result, the area is decreased by 13.5%, and the delay is reduced by 9.3% as compared to the latest clustering tool in benchmark circuits. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(6): 34–46, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ ecjb.20361
Eliminating short ending effects in the primary transducer of electromagnetic flow meters (2003)

This paper describes a new method of primary transducer length optimization for electromagnetic flow meters. The method is based on eliminating a short ending effect that appears in the area where the magnetic field rapidly vanishes. The method uses numerical tools compatible with the cross section of the excitation coil design. It is based on a simple two-dimensional mathematical model of the primary transducer. The paper presents results of calculations for two water-to-ground conductivity ratios and for a rectangular flow channel.
The Rubble-Pile Asteroid Itokawa as Observed by Hayabusa (2006)

During the interval from September through early December 2005, the Hayabusa spacecraft was in close proximity to near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa, and a variety of data were taken on its shape, mass, and surface topography as well as its mineralogic and elemental abundances. The asteroid's orthogonal axes are 535, 294, and 209 meters, the mass is 3.51 x 10(10) kilograms, and the estimated bulk density is 1.9 +/- 0.13 grams per cubic centimeter. The correspondence between the smooth areas on the surface (Muses Sea and Sagamihara) and the gravitationally low regions suggests mass movement and an effective resurfacing process by impact jolting. Itokawa is considered to be a rubble-pile body because of its low bulk density, high porosity, boulder-rich appearance, and shape. The existence of very large boulders and pillars suggests an early collisional breakup of a preexisting parent asteroid followed by a re-agglomeration into a rubble-pile object.
Anesthesia and the Aging Vasculature: Effects of Propofol on Hemodynamics and Vascular Function (2014)

An increasing life expectancy in Canada has resulted in increasing proportions of elderly patients requiring anesthetic care for surgical procedures. Aging is associated with cardiovascular changes resulting in increased vasoconstriction and hypertension, and medications such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly prescribed for this reason. Propofol, a commonly used general anesthetic agent, is known to cause hypotension that can be exaggerated in the elderly population. Propofol’s influence on vascular reactivity has not been investigated in the aging vasculature. Moreover, patients using ACE inhibitors in the perioperative period may exhibit refractory hypotension when given a general anesthetic. Whether propofol differentially alters vascular function in arteries exposed to chronic ACE inhibition is also not known. Therefore, this thesis focused on 1) determining if there is a difference in vasodilating ability between the young and aging vasculature when exposed to propofol, and 2) determining if chronic ACE inhibition differentially alters vasodilation in the presence of propofol in the aging vasculature. Additionally, the utility of Intralipid as a potential treatment for propofol-induced hypotension was investigated in this thesis. Previous publications suggest that multiple mediators are involved in propofol-induced vascular relaxation. Here, the focus was on nitric oxide (NO) given the age-dependent decrease in NO bioavailability and based on studies documenting the contribution of NO following propofol administration in young mesenteric arteries, the primary vascular bed studied here. The experiments presented in this thesis demonstrate enhanced bioavailability of NO in the aging vasculature in the presence of propofol. Although NO is important, the aging vasculature chronically treated with ACE inhibitors possesses an enhanced vasodilation in the presence of propofol that results from a non-NO source. Finally, Intralipid is able to reverse propofol-induced vasodilation and hypotension in aging animals, demonstrating its potential to be utilized as a hemodynamic agent following propofol use. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis are an important contribution to understanding the effects of propofol, a widely used general anesthetic agent, on the aging vasculature. This is of particular importance given the increasing proportion of the aging population presenting for surgery and requiring the care of the Anesthesiologist.
Isomers of erythro-5-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril, a new bronchodilator (1977)

The isomers of erythro-5-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril (1), a new potent and beta2-selective bronchodilator, were synthesized by optical resolution of compound 1 and inversion of the erythro to the threo isomers. The isomers were tested for activities to inhibit histamine-induced bronchospasm and to increase the heart rate of anesthetized dogs. Racemic and (-)-erythro-1 showed potent and beta2-selective bronchodilater activities. Among the isomers, (-)-erythro-1 showed the highest activities and (+)-erythro-1 showed the lowest.
Angiogenesis in Fracture Repair (1998)

Fracture of bone disrupts its circulation and leads to necrosis and hypoxia of adjacent bone. Under normal circumstances, fractured bone undergoes the orderly regeneration of its component tissues with complete restoration of mechanical properties. Reestablishment of the circulation is an early event in fracture healing. Several experimental models of protracted, impaired, or compromised healing have been developed to evaluate the effects of angiogenic factors in accelerating or enhancing repair.
Polymorphism in the HLA-D Region (1986)

SummaryCompilation of sequence data from several HLA class II genes shows that although the products most likely have similar structures, and functions, the different loci have widely different degrees of polymorphism. Examination of the sequences for features associated with the polymorphic exons reveals clustering of CG dinucleotides, along with a high level of G & C nucleotides. However, these features are not particularly associated with the polymorphic DQα and DPα chain exons. Some specific DNA sequences are conserved in polymorphic exons from both human and mouse class I and class II genes.
Efferent inhibition strength is a physiological correlate of hyperacusis in children with autism spectrum disorder (2017)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that is poorly understood. ASD can influence communication, social interaction, and behavior. Children with ASD often have sensory hypersensitivities, including auditory hypersensitivity (hyperacusis). In adults with hyperacusis who are otherwise neurotypical, the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent reflex is stronger than usual. In children with ASD, the MOC reflex has been measured, but without also assessing hyperacusis. We assessed the MOC reflex in children with ASD by measuring the strength of MOC-induced inhibition of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), a noninvasive physiological measure that reflects cochlear amplification. MOC activity was evoked by contralateral noise. Hyperacusis was assessed subjectively on the basis of the children's symptoms. We found a significant correlation between hyperacusis scores and MOC strength in children with ASD. When children were divided into ASD-with-severe-hyperacusis (ASDs), ASD-with-not-severe-hyperacusis (ASDns), and neurotypical (NT) groups, the last two groups had similar hyperacusis and MOC reflexes, whereas the ASDs group, on average, had hyperacusis and MOC reflexes that were approximately twice as strong. The MOC inhibition of TEOAEs averaged larger at all frequencies in the ASDs compared with ASDns and NT groups. The results suggest that the MOC reflex can be used to estimate hyperacusis in children with ASD and might be used to validate future questionnaires to assess hyperacusis. Our results also provide evidence that strong MOC reflexes in children with ASD are associated with hyperacusis and that hyperacusis is a comorbid condition and is not a necessary, integral part of the abnormal neural processing associated with ASD.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a heterogeneous group, some with hyperacusis and some without. Our research shows that hyperacusis can be estimated in children with ASD by using medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex measurements. By establishing that an objective measure correlates with attributes of hyperacusis, our results enable future work to enable subtyping of children with ASD to provide improved individualized treatments to at-risk children and those without adequate language to describe their hyperacusis symptoms.