gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patients with achalasia lack nitric oxide synthase in the gastro‐oesophageal junction (1993)

The abnormal function of the lower oesophageal sphincter in achalasia is likely to be due to impaired nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory input. Since recent studies in animals suggest that nitric oxide (NO) is implicated physiologically in the inhibitory responses of the lower oesophageal sphincter, we have investigated whether the synthesis of NO is altered in the gastro-oesophageal junction of patients with achalasia. NO synthase activity was investigated in samples of tissue from the gastro-oesophageal junction obtained during surgery in eight patients with typical achalasia and six non-achalasic controls who underwent oesophagectomy for reasons other than sphincter dysfunction. The NO synthase activity was determined by the transformation of 14C-L-arginine into 14C-L-citrulline in tissue homogenates. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of the tissues was performed using a polyclonal antibody raised against a peptide sequence of rat brain NO synthase. Furthermore, the relaxant response to an exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) was measured in vitro in muscle strips obtained from two patients with achalasia and in two non-achalasic controls. NO synthase activity was detected in each of the samples obtained from six control patients (0.59 +/- 0.21 pmol mg-1 min-1; mean +/- SE). By contrast, none of the samples obtained from the eight patients with achalasia had any detectable NO synthase activity. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of NO synthase in the myenteric plexus of the gastro-oesophageal junction of control patients and its absence in achalasia. SNP relaxed muscle strips precontracted with bethanechol in both control samples and those from patients with achalasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlations between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and patient characteristics in human breast cancer. (1984)

The relationships between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and a variety of patient characteristics are described for 2,977 women with primary breast cancer. Older women were more likely to be estrogen-receptor positive than younger women. When patient age and menopausal status were analyzed together, age was found to be the primary determinant of increased estrogen-receptor concentrations. There appeared to be no relationship with progesterone receptor for either age or menopausal status when these variables were analyzed separately. But premenopausal women had higher progesterone receptor concentrations than postmenopausal women when patients of the same age were compared, perhaps reflecting greater estrogen-mediated synthesis of progesterone receptor. Tumor size was negatively related to steroid receptor concentrations, but no relationships were observed between steroid receptors and either the number of positive axillary lymph nodes or the location of the primary tumor.
The Novel Hypothalamic Peptide Ghrelin Stimulates Food Intake and Growth Hormone Secretion (2000)

Ghrelin, a novel 28 amino acid peptide found in hypothalamus and stomach, was recently identified as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). We have now found that both intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ghrelin in freely feeding rats stimulated food intake. The onset of increased feeding was rapid and after i.c.v. administration was sustained for 24 hours. Following i.c.v. administration of 3 nmol ghrelin, the duration and magnitude of the feeding stimulation was similar to that following 5 nmol neuropeptide Y (NPY). Plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration increased following both i.c.v. and i.p. administration of ghrelin. Release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was stimulated and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) inhibited following i.c.v. administration of ghrelin. These data suggest a possible role for the newly identified endogenous hypothalamic peptide, ghrelin, in stimulation of feeding and growth hormone secretion.
Respiration Disorders Classification With Informative Features for m-Health Applications (2015)

Respiratory disorder is a highly prevalent condition associated with many adverse health problems. As the current means of diagnosis are obtrusive and ill-suited for real-time m-health applications, we explore a convenient and low-cost automatic approach that uses wearable microelectromechanical system sensor technology. The proposed system introduces the use of motion sensors to detect the changes in the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest wall during breathing function as well as extracting the informative respiratory features to be used for breathing disorders classification. Extensive evaluations are provided on six well-known classifiers with novel feature extraction techniques to distinguish among eight different pathological breathing patterns. The effects of the number of sensors, sensor placement, as well as feature selection on the classification performance are discussed. The experimental results conducted with ten subjects show the best accuracy rates of 97.50% by support vector machine and 97.37% with decision tree bagging (DTB) with all features and after feature selection, correspondingly. Furthermore, a binary classification is proposed for distinguishing between healthy people and patients with breath problems. The different assessments of classification parameters are provided by measuring the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score and Mathew correlation coefficient. The accuracy rates above 98% suggest superior performance of DTB in binary recognition supported by the suggested new features.
Fanconi anemia cells with unrepaired DNA damage activate components of the checkpoint recovery process (2015)

Our results show that FA cells, despite extensive DNA damage, do not loss the capacity to express the transcriptional and protein components of checkpoint recovery that might eventually allow their division with unrepaired DNA damage. This might allow cell survival but increases the genomic instability inherent to FA individuals and promotes cancer.
Fatigue Design of Wind Turbines (2009)

Wind turbine structures present many difficult fatigue design problems because they are (1) relatively slender and flexible, (2) subject to vibration and resonance, (3) acted upon by loads which are often non-deterministic, (4) operated continuously in all types of weather with a minimum of maintenance, and (5) constantly competing with other energy sources on the basis of life-cycle costs. Progress in the development of modern wind turbines has been paced by progress in our understanding of fatigue loads, modeling of structural-dynamic responses to unsteady winds, and the designing of innovative structural elements to reduce these responses.
Observations of aerobic, growing <i>escherichia coli</i> metabolism using an on‐line nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy system (1993)

An experimental system has been constructed which enables on-line measurements of phosphorus-31 ((31)P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for growing bacterial suspensions under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. A sample stream from a laboratory bioreactor is circulated to the NMR sample chamber in a gas exchange system which permits maintenance of aerobic conditions for high-cell-density cultures. (31)P NMR spectra with resolution comparable with those obtained traditionally using dense, concentrated, nongrowing cell suspensions can be obtained at cell densities above 25 g/L with acquisition times ranging from 14 to 3 minutes which decline as cell density increases. This system has been employed to characterize the changes in intracellular state of a stationary phase culture which is subjected to a transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. Both intracellular NTP level and cytoplasmic pH are substantially lower under anaerobic conditions. Also, the system has been employed to observe the response of a growing culture to external addition of acetate. Cells are able to maintain pH difference across the cytoplasmic membrane at extracellular acetate concentrations of 5 and 10 g/L. However, acetate concentrations of 20 g/L cause collapse of the transmembrane DeltapH and sharp reduction of the growth rate of the culture. The experimental configuration described should also permit NMR observations of many other types of microbial cultures and of other nuclei.
Crosstalk reduction for high-frequency linear-array ultrasound transducers using 1-3 piezocomposites with pseudo-random pillars (2012)

The goal of this research was to develop a novel diced 1-3 piezocomposite geometry to reduce pulse-echo ring down and acoustic crosstalk between high-frequency ultrasonic array elements. Two PZT-5H-based 1-3 composites (10 and 15 MHz) of different pillar geometries [square (SQ), 45° triangle (TR), and pseudo-random (PR)] were fabricated and then made into single-element ultrasound transducers. The measured pulse-echo waveforms and their envelopes indicate that the PR composites had the shortest -20-dB pulse length and highest sensitivity among the composites evaluated. Using these composites, 15-MHz array subapertures with a 0.95λ pitch were fabricated to assess the acoustic crosstalk between array elements. The combined electrical and acoustical crosstalk between the nearest array elements of the PR array subapertures (-31.8 dB at 15 MHz) was 6.5 and 2.2 dB lower than those of the SQ and the TR array subapertures, respectively. These results demonstrate that the 1-3 piezocomposite with the pseudo-random pillars may be a better choice for fabricating enhanced high-frequency linear-array ultrasound transducers; especially when mechanical dicing is used.
On the Hydrodynamic Instability of Hemoglobin Solutions (1990)

The formation of heterogeneous fibers well observable under a magnifying glass in stirred "stroma-free" hemolysates of outdated banked erythrocytes was found to be predominantly due to random surface denaturation of both hemoglobin and non-heme proteins at the air-liquid interface. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the precipitated and washed fibers contain residual membrane proteins as well as a certain amount of hemoglobin. The latter, however, largely remains in solution.
Physiologic Dysfunction of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia (1986)

To evaluate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) physiology and function simultaneously, 20 medication-free patients with chronic schizophrenia and 25 normal controls underwent three separate xenon Xe 133 inhalation procedures for determination of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF): first at rest, then while performing an automated version of the Wisconsin Card Sort (WCS), a DLPFC-specific cognitive test, and while performing a simple number-matching (NM) test. During rest, patients had significantly reduced relative, but not absolute, rCBF to DLPFC. During NM, no specific region differentiated patients from controls. During WCS, however, both absolute and relative rCBF to DLPFC significantly distinguished patients from controls. While controls showed a clear increase in DLPFC rCBF, patients did not. The changes were regionally specific, involving only DLPFC. Furthermore, in patients, DLPFC rCBF correlated positively with WCS cognitive performance, suggesting that the better DLPFC was able to function, the better patients could perform. Autonomic arousal measures, the pattern of WCS errors, and results of complementary studies suggest that the DLPFC finding is linked to regionally specific cognitive function and is not a nonspecific epiphenomenon.
Genetics of Hair and Skin Color (2003)

Differences in skin and hair color are principally genetically determined and are due to variation in the amount, type, and packaging of melanin polymers produced by melanocytes secreted into keratinocytes. Pigmentary phenotype is genetically complex and at a physiological level complicated. Genes determining a number of rare Mendelian disorders of pigmentation such as albinism have been identified, but only one gene, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MCR1), has so far been identified to explain variation in the normal population such as that leading to red hair, freckling, and sun-sensitivity. Genotype-phenotype relations of the MC1R are reviewed, as well as methods to improve the phenotypic assessment of human pigmentary status. It is argued that given advances in model systems, increases in technical facility, and the lower cost of genotype assessment, the lack of standardized phenotype assessment is now a major limit on advance.
Estradiol decreases iodide uptake by rat thyroid follicular FRTL-5 cells (2001)

Estradiol has well-known indirect effects on the thyroid. A direct effect of estradiol on thyroid follicular cells, increasing cell growth and reducing the expression of the sodium-iodide symporter gene, has been recently reported. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of estradiol on iodide uptake by thyroid follicular cells, using FRTL-5 cells as a model. Estradiol decreased basal iodide uptake by FRTL-5 cells from control levels of 2.490 +/- 0.370 to 2.085 +/- 0.364 pmol I-/microg DNA at 1 ng/ml (P<0.02), to 1.970 +/- 0.302 pmol I-/microg DNA at 10 ng/ml (P<0.003), and to 2.038 +/- 0.389 pmol I-/microg DNA at 100 ng/ml (P<0.02). In addition, 4 ng/ml estradiol decreased iodide uptake induced by 0.02 mIU/ml thyrotropin from 8.678 +/- 0.408 to 7.312 +/- 0.506 pmol I-/microg DNA (P<0.02). A decrease in iodide uptake by thyroid cells caused by estradiol has not been described previously and may have a role in goiter pathogenesis.
Large-scale purification of wheat germ DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (1975)

An improved method for the purification of the alpha-amanitin-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase [ribonucleosidetriphosphate:RNA-nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6-A1 (RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase B) from wheat germ is presented. The method involves homogenization of wheat germ in a buffer of moderate ionic strength, precipitation of RNA polymerase with Polymin P (a polyethylenimine), elution of RNA polymerase from the Polymin P precipitate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose. RNA polymerase II is purified over 4000-fold with a 60% recovery, resulting in a yield of 25-30 mg of RNA polymerase from 1 kg of starting material.
Platinum Electrodes and Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia (1971)

Measurements of the direct current‐voltage characteristics of calcia‐stabilized zirconia using platinum electrodes of various types have been made to investigate possible electrode processes. Depending on the form of the electrode, the rate‐limiting step in the electrical conduction sequence can be (a) ionic conduction by O= in the zirconia, (b) electronic conduction in the zirconia, (c) oxygen atom diffusion through the platinum cathode, (d) the transfer of oxygen from the gas phase into the zirconia at the zirconia‐gas interface on the cathode side. The conditions, under which each of these situations exists, are explained in terms of the structure of the electrode.
Pitfalls of Using Three-Dimensional CT Colonography with Two-Dimensional Imaging Correlation (2001)

137 T colonography is an imaging technique that enables both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of the colon [1–3]. Although debate continues regarding which rendering technique should be used for primary evaluation, the techniques (2D and 3D) are complementary, each increasing the value of CT for colonic lumen evaluation. Two-dimensional CT colonography, when used as the primary imaging technique, may be advantageous in that data may be evaluated in a more time-efficient fashion [2, 3]. When a potential filling defect is identified on 2D CT colonography, 3D imaging is used to determine whether its morphology is linear (interhaustral fold) or polypoid (stool or polyp) [2, 3]. Three-dimensional CT colonography has the potential to visualize smaller lesions than 2D CT colonography [4]. Although some additional small lesions may be identified, evaluating CT colonography data entirely with 3D imaging is time-consuming. Moreover, often lesions are detected using 3D CT colonography that show morphology consistent with a polyp or neoplasm. When these same areas are investigated with 2D CT colonography, a variety of normal structures may be found to represent these morphologic abnormalities. Whether one uses 2D or 3D as the primary rendering method, the pitfalls on 3D imaging need to be recognized. Three-dimensional morphologic abnormalities can be divided into processes that are intrinsic or extrinsic to the colon. Our purpose is to describe the normal colon with 3D CT colonography and to show how 2D imaging can be used to establish the cause of an abnormality depicted with 3D rendering.
Characteristics of submicrometer LOCOS isolation (2002)

For future VLSI technologies, ensuring acceptable device isolation becomes increasingly important. In this study, fundamental variables for submicrometer LOCOS isolation including the top-layer silicon thickness, the stress-relief-oxide (SRO) thickness, the percent field over-oxidation, and field implant conditions have been explored. How these variables impact the minimum achievable isolation spacing as well as the susceptibility to MOS side-gating is examined.
Waning Protection after Fifth Dose of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Children (2012)

Protection against pertussis waned during the 5 years after the fifth dose of DTaP. (Funded by Kaiser Permanente).
Redistribution and shedding of flagellar membrane glycoproteins visualized using an anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibody and concanavalin A. (1986)

Two carbohydrate-binding probes, the lectin concanavalin A and an anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibody designated FMG-1, have been used to study the distribution of their respective epitopes on the surface of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, strain pf-18. Both of these ligands bind uniformly to the external surface of the flagellar membrane and the general cell body plasma membrane, although the labeling is more intense on the flagellar membrane. In addition, both ligands cross-react with cell wall glycoproteins. With respect to the flagellar membrane, both concanavalin A and the FMG-1 monoclonal antibody bind preferentially to the principal high molecular weight glycoproteins migrating with an apparent molecular weight of 350,000 although there is, in addition, cross-reactivity with a number of minor glycoproteins. Western blots of V-8 protease digests of the high molecular weight flagellar glycoproteins indicate that the epitopes recognized by the lectin and the antibody are both repeated multiple times within the glycoproteins and occur together, although the lectin and the antibody do not compete for the same binding sites. Incubation of live cells with the monoclonal antibody or lectin at 4 degrees C results in a uniform labeling of the flagellar surface; upon warming of the cells, these ligands are redistributed along the flagellar surface in a characteristic manner. All of the flagellar surface-bound antibody or lectin collects into a single aggregate at the tip of each flagellum; this aggregate subsequently migrates to the base of the flagellum, where it is shed into the medium. The rate of redistribution is temperature dependent and the glycoproteins recognized by these ligands co-redistribute with the lectin or monoclonal antibody. This dynamic flagellar surface phenomenon bears a striking resemblance to the capping phenomenon that has been described in numerous mammalian cell types. However, it occurs on a structure (the flagellum) that lacks most of the cytoskeletal components generally associated with capping in other systems. The FMG-1 monoclonal antibody inhibits flagellar surface motility visualized as the rapid, bidirectional translocation of polystyrene microspheres.
Yeast Thioredoxin (1971)

Reduced and carboxymethylated thioredoxin II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was digested with trypsin and cleaved with cyanogen bromide in separate experiments. From the amino‐acid sequences of isolated peptides after chymotryptic or peptic hydrolysis an alignment of a 17‐residue sequence around the redox‐active disulfide of thioredoxin II was possible as follows: . Comparison of this structure with the corresponding amino‐acid sequence of the thioredoxin from Escherichia coli B showed identical residues in 10 consecutive positions which included the tryptophan residue, the disulfide ring and the five residues following this on the COOH‐terminal side. The COOH‐terminal sequence of yeast thioredoxin II was: ‐Glu‐Ala‐Ile‐Ala‐Ser‐Asn‐Val and the NH 2 ‐terminal residue was valine. The sequence results indicated a considerable homology in primary structure between yeast and E. coli thioredoxins and suggested the existence of a common ancestral gene for thioredoxins. The sequence of a peptide from the active site of yeast thioredoxin I showed that the structure around the disulfide bridge was: . This indicated that thioredoxin I and II from yeast have different primary structures.
A study of pulse radiation from several broad-band loaded monopoles (1996)

Five previously proposed designs for broad-band monopole antennas are evaluated for pulse radiation. These designs use continuous resistive loading and/or discrete capacitive loading to increase the bandwidth over that of a simple, metallic monopole. The parameters for each of the designs are scaled so that the designs can be compared on a common basis (frequency range). Each of the antennas is analyzed numerically, and quantities characteristic of their pulsed performance are computed. These quantities include the reflected voltage in the feeding transmission line, radiated electric field, radiating efficiency, time-domain gain, fidelity, and symmetry when the monopoles are excited by a differentiated Gaussian pulse. In addition, the input reflection coefficient and gain at broadside for monochromatic excitation are shown. Explanations are provided for the differences in performance for these designs.
Energy Integration of Bioethanol Production Process Topology from Microalgae Biomass: Evaluation of SSCF, SSF, Acid Hydrolysis and Product Purification Alternatives (2013)

An increasing interest exists in the use of ethanol as substitute of fossil fuels which can be obtained from renewable resources, microalgae are a promising source for third generation bioethanol due to the high percentage of carbohydrates/polysaccharides presents in some species and thin cellulose walls. Ethanol can be produced from either microalgae biomass before lipid extraction or from microalgae cake after cell disruption and oil extraction. Second option gives the interesting possibility of producing both biodiesel and ethanol from the same biomass. Energy analysis can be used for evaluation of the performance and efficiency of a process based on the first law of thermodynamics. In this work, third generation bioethanol production process was evaluated using the methodology of energy integration with the software Aspen Plus, the microalgae genera used was Chlorella sp. and technologies evaluated were Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-fermentation SSCF, Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation SSF, and Separate Saccharification and Fermentation using acid hydrolysis (SHF). Results shows that technology of Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-fermentation SSCF (route 1) presents the highest bioethanol yield 24.1 %, and the lowest energy requirements after energy integration. Separated hydrolysis and fermentation SHF (route 3) presents the lowest efficiency, ?Tmin was defined in 9 °C for SSCF, 4 °C for SSF, and 8.5 °C for SHF, the use of molecular sieves technology for bioethanol dehydration represents lower energy requirements respect to extractive distillation.