gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Solar-Cell Failures (1983)

Circuit identified malfunctioning photovoltaic array. Cell-failure detection circuit compares output of photovoltaic array to control cell. If any module fails, activates light-emitting diode. Circuit could also sound alarm.
Self-referential verification of gate-level implementations of arithmetic circuits (2002)

Verification of gate-level implementations of arithmetic circuits is challenging due to a number of reasons: the existence of some hard-to-verify arithmetic operators (e.g. multiplication), the use of different operand ordering, the incorporation of merged arithmetic with cross-operator implementations, and the employment of circuit transformations based on arithmetic relations. It is hence a peculiar problem that does not fit quite well into the existing RTL-to-gate equivalence checking methodology. In this paper, we propose a self-referential functional verification approach which uses the gate-level implementation of the arithmetic circuit under verification to verify itself. Specifically, the verification task is decomposed into a sequence of equivalence checking subproblems, each of which compare circuit pairs derived from the implementation under verification based on the proposed self-referential functional equations. A decomposition-based heuristic using structural information is employed to guide the verification process for better efficiency. Experimental results on a number of implementations of the multiply-add units and the inner product units with different architectures demonstrate the versatility of this approach.
Piezoelectric Optical-Maser Modulator (1962)

An optical-maser modulator employing a transparent piezoelectric medium is described. The device is based on multiple interference in transmission or reflection, the intensity in the interference pattern being modulated by a change in thickness of the piezoelectric plate. Using barium titanate it is shown that 80% modulation and 20-Mc bandwidths are readily attainable. A sacrifice of modulation to 10% permits bandwidths ∼200 Mc. A slight modification allows the device to operate purely as a phase modulator. In addition, an optical-maser modulator employing a grating ruled on a piezoelectric medium is described. Spatial modulation is brought about by a change in grating constant via the piezoelectric effect. As a communication device in conjunction with an optical maser operating at 0.7μ, 10% modulation and a bandwidth ∼10 Mc can be obtained using barium titanate driven near the fundamental resonance frequency.
Integrated Navigation Fusion Strategy of INS/UWB for Indoor Carrier Attitude Angle and Position Synchronous Tracking (2014)

In some GPS failure conditions, positioning for mobile target is difficult. This paper proposed a new method based on INS/UWB for attitude angle and position synchronous tracking of indoor carrier. Firstly, error model of INS/UWB integrated system is built, including error equation of INS and UWB. And combined filtering model of INS/UWB is researched. Simulation results show that the two subsystems are complementary. Secondly, integrated navigation data fusion strategy of INS/UWB based on Kalman filtering theory is proposed. Simulation results show that FAKF method is better than the conventional Kalman filtering. Finally, an indoor experiment platform is established to verify the integrated navigation theory of INS/UWB, which is geared to the needs of coal mine working environment. Static and dynamic positioning results show that the INS/UWB integrated navigation system is stable and real-time, positioning precision meets the requirements of working condition and is better than any independent subsystem.
Polyuridylation in Eukaryotes: A 3′-End Modification Regulating RNA Life (2015)

In eukaryotes, mRNA polyadenylation is a well-known modification that is essential for many aspects of the protein-coding RNAs life cycle. However, modification of the 3′ terminal nucleotide within various RNA molecules is a general and conserved process that broadly modulates RNA function in all kingdoms of life. Numerous types of modifications have been characterized, which are generally specific for a given type of RNA such as the CCA addition found in tRNAs. In recent years, the addition of nontemplated uridine nucleotides or uridylation has been shown to occur in various types of RNA molecules and in various cellular compartments with significantly different outcomes. Indeed, uridylation is able to alter RNA half-life both in positive and in negative ways, highlighting the importance of the enzymes in charge of performing this modification. The present review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the various processes leading to RNA 3′-end uridylation and on their potential impacts in various diseases.
Identification of the P‐TEFb complex‐interacting domain of Brd4 as an inhibitor of HIV‐1 replication by functional cDNA library screening in MT‐4 cells (2008)

We conducted a phenotypic cDNA screening using a T cell line-based assay to identify human genes that render cells resistant to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We isolated potential HIV-1 resistance genes, including the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4). Expression of GFP-Brd4-CTD was tolerated in MT-4 and Jurkat cells in which HIV-1 replication was markedly inhibited. We provide direct experimental data demonstrating that Brd4-CTD serves as a specific inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in T cells. Our method is a powerful tool for the identification of host factors that regulate HIV-1 replication in T cells.
Tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer for cluster–surface scattering experiments (1995)

A new tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer is described which is designed to study the mass-, velocity-, and angle-resolved scattering of cluster ions from solid surfaces. Clusters are produced in a supersonic jet laser desorption/vaporization source, ionized either directly in the formation step or by subsequent photoionization of neutrals, mass selected in a primary time-of-flight region, and decelerated to the impact energy (50–1000 eV) close to the target surface. Cluster–surface collisions take place in a field-free region in order to determine both velocity and angular distributions of the scattered clusters and fragments with an independently pulsed, rotatable secondary time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Several surface targets can be mounted in the UHV scattering chamber (10−10 Torr base pressure) on a five-axis manipulator which, together with the rotatable secondary TOF, allows for independent variation of incident and scattering angles. Target surfaces can be cleaned by direct current heating and sputtering with an argon-ion gun. Surface structure and composition are assessed by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger spectroscopy with a four grid reverse view LEED/Auger system. Surface collision experiments of fullerenes (C+60, C+70, C+76, C+84, ...) and metallofullerenes (La@C+82) with highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) surfaces are described as examples for the performance of the instrument. Effects of surface contamination in the scattering of fullerenes from HOPG are described to demonstrate the need for thorough cleaning procedures in order to obtain reproducible results. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
Syntheses of Some Polyamides and Polyureas Containing the Piperazine Ring (1965)

高分子原料としてピペラジンを利用し,しかも溶解性に富み,高結晶性,高融点の高分子化合物をつくる目的で,ピペラジン環を含む各種二塩基酸エステルを合成し,それとジアミン類とを反応させることによって,ポリアミドおよびポリ尿素を合成した。反応はプレポリマーを合成する第1段階と,高重縮合体を合成する第2段階とに分けて行ない,溶媒,触媒の存在する場合についても研究した。得られたポリアミドの多くは,メタノール,エタノール等のアルコール類,四塩化エタン,酢酸および水(酸性)に溶解した。耐熱性はそれぞれ良好でないが, ピペラジン- N , N' -ジプロピオン酸ジメチル, ピペラジン- N , N ' -ジ炭酸ジフェニル等は各種ジアミンと反応して,容易に高融点,高結晶性のポリアミドおよびポリ尿素を与えた。ポリアミドに比べポリ尿素の方は,溶解性は劣るが,耐熱性はまさった。
Time of flight image sensor with 7um pixel and 640×480 resolution (2013)

Time of flight (ToF) sensor with pixel size of 7×7um and VGA resolution is developed using a backside illumination (BSI) structure. Quantum efficiency (QE) of near infrared (NIR) light is improved dramatically by applying thick epitaxial layer, reflection metal and anti-reflection layer. The depth error ranges are 2cm and 10cm at 90% and 10% reflection condition at the distance of 7m, respectively.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Copolymers Based on Vinyl Dimethyl Phosphonate and Vinylidene Fluoride (2020)

Abstract Solid polymer electrolytes are prepared by mixing various amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐vinyl dimethyl phosphonate) statistical copolymers with different compositions. Such copolymers are obtained by conventional radical copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with vinyl dimethyl phosphonate (VDMP) initiated by peroxides. A morphological study of the obtained solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) shows that only samples prepared from the copolymer with the lower amount of VDMP (16 mol%) result in the formation of homogeneous electrolytes while aggregates of lithium salts are observed for the other copolymers. The best ionic conductivity values are accordingly observed for the copolymers with the lower VDMP amount and are reaching 5 × 10 −3 mS cm −1 at 100 °C. The dependence of the ionic conductivity versus temperature suggests that the ionic conductivity is controlled by the motion of polymer segments. Indeed, the ionic conductivity can be increased by adding a small amount of trimethylphosphate plasticizer and can reach 1.9 × 10 −2 mS cm −1 at 20 °C. Finally, the prepared SPEs exhibit a high electrochemical stability and a good resistance to flame because of the presence of fire‐retardant phosphate groups in their structure.
Mesenchymal stem cells: A new diagnostic tool? (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitor cells capable of self-renewal that can differentiate in multiple tissues and, under specific and standardized culture conditions, expand in vitro with little phenotypic alterations. In recent years, preclinical and clinical studies have focused on MSC analysis and understanding the potential use of these cells as a therapy in a wide range of pathologies, and many applications have been tested. Clinical trials using MSCs have been performed (e.g., for cardiac events, stroke, multiple sclerosis, blood diseases, auto-immune disorders, ischemia, and articular cartilage and bone pathologies), and for many genetic diseases, these cells are considered an important resource. Considering of the biology of MSCs, these cells may also be useful tools for understanding the physiopathology of different diseases, and they can be used to develop specific biomarkers for a broad range of diseases. In this editorial, we discuss the literature related to the use of MSCs for diagnostic applications and we suggest new technologies to improve their employment.
Guest Editor's Introduction: Frontiers of Simulation, Part II (2004)

In this second of two issues devoted to the frontiers of simulation, we feature four articles that illustrate the diversity of computational applications of complex physical phenomena. A major challenge for computational simulations is how to accurately calculate the effects of interacting phenomena, especially when such phenomena evolve with different time and distance scales and have very different properties. When time scales for coupling different effects are long compared with those that determine each effect's evolution separately then the system is loosely coupled. It is then possible to couple several existing calculations together through an interface and obtain accurate answers.
High-glucose administration induces glucose intolerance in mice: a critical role of toll-like receptor 4 (2019)

Glucose converted from a diet has been considered a high-risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is not clear how it increases the risk of T2DM. Here, we investigated the effect of high-glucose administration on glucose tolerence in wild-type and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout mice. Mice were intragastrically administered with high-glucose. The level of fasting blood glucose, insulin and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance were measured, and insulinogenic index and HOMA-IR were calculated at 1 week. To understand mechanism of glucose action, we also assessed blood glucose, glucagon-like peptide-1 and inflammatory cytokines levels at different time windows following high-glucose load. Our results show that 20 g/kg glucose load leads to glucose tolerance impairment and insulin resistance in wild-type mice. Following 20 g/kg glucose load, the levels of plasma interlukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased significantly in wild-type mice, but not in TLR4 knockout mice. Moreover, 20 g/kg glucose load also impaired glucose-induced GLP-1 secretion in wild-type and TLR4 knockout mice. Our results indicate that high-glucose load leads to glucose intolerance with insulin resistance through impairment of GLP-1 secretion, increase of blood glucose levels via activating TLR4 and increasing levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in mice.
Fibrin induction of ICAM-1 expression in human vascular endothelial cells (1997)

In acute and chronic inflammatory processes, fibrin deposition, and leukocyte accumulation are classic histopathologic hallmarks. Previous studies have shown that fibrin and fibrin degradation products can have biologic effects on vascular endothelial cells and can induce the expression of several endothelial cell-derived factors that may be important in regulating inflammation and tissue repair. We now demonstrate that coculture of human vascular endothelial cells (EC) with fibrin results in the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), thus providing a first link between fibrin deposition and adhesion molecule expression, which may lead subsequently to leukocyte accumulation and extravasation. Increased ICAM-1 expression was demonstrated by ELISA, flow cytometry, and functional adhesion assays. EC ICAM-1 expression increased in a time and dose response fashion. Cell surface levels of ICAM-1 induced by fibrin were comparable to, or exceeded, levels induced by IL-1beta. ICAM-1 expression increased beginning at 4 h post-fibrin formation with sustained elevated expression at 48 h. Fibrin-stimulated EC also bound increased numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in cellular adhesion assays. This increase in adhesion could be blocked by Ab to ICAM-1. Inhibition of fibrin polymerization also inhibited the up-regulation of ICAM-1. Culture medium from fibrin-stimulated EC contained elevated levels of soluble ICAM-1. These data suggest that fibrin deposition on vascular EC, in addition to other reported effects on EC metabolism, may also lead to leukocyte accumulation and extravasation through the induction of leukocyte adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1.
LXV.<i>The ignition of gaseous mixtures by hot particles</i> (1937)

(1937). LXV. The ignition of gaseous mixtures by hot particles. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 23, No. 156, pp. 633-657.
Intrinsic Resistive Transition in Narrow Superconducting Channels (1967)

We present a theory of current-reducing fluctuations in narrow superconducting channels. The theory is based on the Ginzburg-Landau equation, and is constructed in analogy with the droplet model of the condensation of a supersaturated vapor. Our theory suggests that large and improbable fluctuations are important, and cause measurable departures from the mean-field critical current. The calculation leads to a concrete result for the intrinsic resistive transition. This transition is predicted to occur at a temperature slightly lower than the bulk transition temperature, and to have a width which is observable but smaller than those measured in recent experiments.
Neuropeptides in the antennal lobe of the yellow fever mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (2013)

For many insects, including mosquitoes, olfaction is the dominant modality regulating their behavioral repertoire. Many neurochemicals modulate olfactory information in the central nervous system, including the primary olfactory center of insects, the antennal lobe. The most diverse and versatile neurochemicals in the insect nervous system are found in the neuropeptides. In the present study, we analyzed neuropeptides in the antennal lobe of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a major vector of arboviral diseases. Direct tissue profiling of the antennal lobe by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated the presence of 28 mature products from 10 different neuropeptide genes. In addition, immunocytochemical techniques were used to describe the cellular location of the products of up to seven of these genes within the antennal lobe. Allatostatin A, allatotropin, SIFamide, FMRFamide-related peptides, short neuropeptide F, myoinhibitory peptide, and tachykinin-related peptides were found to be expressed in local interneurons and extrinsic neurons of the antennal lobe. Building on these results, we discuss the possible role of neuropeptide signaling in the antennal lobe of Ae. aegypti.
Neutron Cross Section Evaluation on Pr-141, Nd-143, Nd-145, Sm-147 and Sm-149 (2002)

The neutron induced nuclear data for Pr-141, Nd-143, Nd-145, Sm-147 and Sm-149 were calculated and evaluated from 10 keV to 20 MeV. The energy dependent optical model potential parameters were extracted based on the recent experimental data and applied up to 20 MeV. The s-wave strength function was calculated. Spherical optical model , statistical model in equilibrium energy, multistep direct and multistep compound model in pre-equilibrium energy and direct capture model were introduced in Empire calculation. The theoretically calculated cross sections were compared with the experimental data and the evaluated files. The model calculated total and capture cross sections were in good agreement with the reference experimental data. The capture cross sections in pre-equilibrium were enhanced in recent released Empire version. The evaluated cross section results were compiled to ENDF-6 format and will improve the ENDF/B-Vl.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection and Replication by Enhancing Viral Incorporation of Innate Anti-HIV-1 Protein A3G (2009)

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a cellular protein that has been identified as an innate anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) factor. One of the major functions of HIV-1 virion infectivity protein (Vif) protein is to target A3G for ubiquitination/proteasome-mediated degradation and, as a result, evade the host innate defense mechanism. Thus, we wished to devise a strategy to restore the anti-HIV activity of A3G by actively targeting it into HIV-1 virions and countering HIV-1 Vif-targeted degradation. In the current study we performed a series of proof-of-concept experiments for this strategy using as a delivery vehicle of A3G, a derivate of non-pathogenic Nef mutant Nef7 that is capable of being efficiently incorporated into HIV-1 virions. We demonstrate that the Nef7.A3G fusion protein retains several important properties of Nef7; that is, the higher virion incorporation efficiency, no PAK-2 (p21-activated kinase 2) activation, and no CD4 and major histocompatibility complex I down-regulation. Meanwhile, we show that virion incorporated Nef7.A3G possesses the anti-HIV infectivity function of A3G. Moreover, we show that virus-like particle-mediated inverse fusion delivery of Nef7.A3G into HIV-infected CD4+ T lymphocytes leads to potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication in these cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Nef7.A3G can effectively restrict HIV infection and replication by restoring the virion incorporation of A3G, even in the presence of Vif.
TiO<sub>2</sub>-Photocatalyzed As(III) Oxidation in a Fixed-Bed, Flow-Through Reactor (2006)

Compliance with the U.S. drinking water standard for arsenic (As) of 10 microg L(-1) is required in January 2006. This will necessitate implementation of treatment technologies for As removal by thousands of water suppliers. Although a variety of such technologies is available, most require preoxidation of As(III) to As(V) for efficient performance. Previous batch studies with illuminated TiO2 slurries have demonstrated that TiO2-photocatalyzed AS(III) oxidation occurs rapidly. This study examined reaction efficiency in a flow-through, fixed-bed reactor that provides a better model for treatment in practice. Glass beads were coated with mixed P25/sol gel TiO2 and employed in an upflow reactor irradiated from above. The reactor residence time, influent As(III) concentration, number of TiO2 coatings on the beads, solution matrix, and light source were varied to characterize this reaction and determine its feasibility for water treatment. Repeated usage of the same beads in multiple experiments or extended use was found to affect effluent As(V) concentrations but not the steady-state effluent As(III) concentration, which suggests that As(III) oxidation at the TiO2 surface undergoes dynamic sorption equilibration. Catalyst poisoning was not observed either from As(V) or from competitively adsorbing anions, although the higher steady-state effluent As(III) concentrations in synthetic groundwater compared to 5 mM NaNO3 indicated that competitive sorbates in the matrix partially hinder the reaction. A reactive transport model with rate constants proportional to incident light at each bead layer fit the experimental data well despite simplifying assumptions. TiO2-photocatalyzed oxidation of As(III) was also effective under natural sunlight. Limitations to the efficiency of As(III) oxidation in the fixed-bed reactor were attributable to constraints of the reactor geometry, which could be overcome by improved design. The fixed-bed TiO2 reactor offers an environmentally benign method for As(III) oxidation.
Two Membrane-Associated NiFeS-Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenases from the Anaerobic Carbon-Monoxide-Utilizing Eubacterium <i>Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans</i> (2001)

Two monofunctional NiFeS carbon monoxide (CO) dehydrogenases, designated CODH I and CODH II, were purified to homogeneity from the anaerobic CO-utilizing eubacterium Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans. Both enzymes differ in their subunit molecular masses, N-terminal sequences, peptide maps, and immunological reactivities. Immunogold labeling of ultrathin sections revealed both CODHs in association with the inner aspect of the cytoplasmic membrane. Both enzymes catalyze the reaction CO + H(2)O --> CO(2) + 2 e(-) + 2 H(+). Oxidized viologen dyes are effective electron acceptors. The specific enzyme activities were 15,756 (CODH I) and 13,828 (CODH II) micromol of CO oxidized min(-1) mg(-1) of protein (methyl viologen, pH 8.0, 70 degrees C). The two enzymes oxidize CO very efficiently, as indicated by k(cat)/K(m) values at 70 degrees C of 1.3. 10(9) M(-1) CO s(-1) (CODH I) and 1.7. 10(9) M(-1) CO s(-1) (CODH II). The apparent K(m) values at pH 8.0 and 70 degrees C are 30 and 18 microM CO for CODH I and CODH II, respectively. Acetyl coenzyme A synthase activity is not associated with the enzymes. CODH I (125 kDa, 62.5-kDa subunit) and CODH II (129 kDa, 64.5-kDa subunit) are homodimers containing 1.3 to 1.4 and 1.7 atoms of Ni, 20 to 22 and 20 to 24 atoms of Fe, and 22 and 19 atoms of acid-labile sulfur, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed signals indicative of [4Fe-4S] clusters. Ni was EPR silent under any conditions tested. It is proposed that CODH I is involved in energy generation and that CODH II serves in anabolic functions.