gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced accuracy GPS navigation using the interacting multiple model estimator (2002)

This paper presents an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator based approach to navigation using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The "soft-switching" IMM estimator obtains its estimate as a weighted sum of the individual estimates from a number of parallel filters matched to different motion modes of the platform e.g., nearly constant velocity and maneuvering. The goal is to obtain the maximum navigation accuracy from an inexpensive and light GPS-based system, without the need for an inertial navigation unit, which would add both cost and weight. In the case of navigation with maneuvering, for example, with accelerations and decelerations, the IMM estimators can substantially improve navigation accuracy during maneuvers as well as during constant velocity motion over a conventional (extended) Kalman Filter (KF), which is, by necessity, a compromise filter. This paper relies on a detailed modeling of GPS and presents the design of a navigation solution using the IMM estimator. Two different IMM estimator designs are presented and a simulated navigation scenario is used for comparison with two baseline KF estimators. Monte Carlo simulations are used to show that the best IMM estimator significantly outperforms the KF with about 40-50% improvement in RMS position, speed and course errors.
Metal nanoparticles and their assemblies (2000)

Metal nanoparticles of varying sizes can be prepared by physical as well as chemical methods. They exhibit many fascinating properties, the size-dependent metal to nonmetal transition being an important one. Metal nanoparticles capped by thiols can be organized into ordered one-, two- and three-dimensional structures and these structures have potential applications in nanodevices. In this context, organization of arrays of metal nanoparticles with a fixed number of atoms assumes significance.
Elucidating Amyloid β-Protein Folding and Assembly:  A Multidisciplinary Approach (2006)

Oligomeric, neurotoxic amyloid protein assemblies are thought to be causative agents in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Development of oligomer-specific therapeutic agents requires a mechanistic understanding of the oligomerization process. This is a daunting task because amyloidogenic protein oligomers often are metastable and comprise structurally heterogeneous populations in equilibrium with monomers and fibrils. A single methodological approach cannot elucidate the entire protein assembly process. An integrated multidisciplinary program is required. We discuss here the synergistic application of in hydro, in vacuo, and in silico methods to the study of the amyloid beta-protein, the key pathogenetic agent in Alzheimer's disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroxylation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Topsentin, bromotopsentin, and dihydrodeoxybromotopsentin: antiviral and antitumor bis(indolyl)imidazoles from Caribbean deep-sea sponges of the family Halichondriidae. Structural and synthetic studies (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTopsentin, bromotopsentin, and dihydrodeoxybromotopsentin: antiviral and antitumor bis(indolyl)imidazoles from Caribbean deep-sea sponges of the family Halichondriidae. Structural and synthetic studiesShinji Tsujii, Kenneth L. Rinehart, Sarath P. Gunasekera, Yoel Kashman, Susan S. Cross, May S. Lui, Shirley A. Pomponi, and M. Cristina DiazCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 23, 5446–5453Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00258a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00258a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1183Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of Suspended Silica Glass Nanofibers from Polymeric Materials Using a Scanned Electrospinning Source (2004)

We report on the fabrication of suspended silicon dioxide nanofibers using a scanned electrospinning source and a calcination process. We measured the mechanical oscillations of individual suspended fibers, driven by a piezoelectric actuator. The scanned electrospinning method was utilized to extrude polymeric nanofibers from a blended polymeric solution and deposit oriented nanofibers on patterned surfaces to form suspended structures. The deposited polymeric nanofibers were converted to silicon oxide by calcination without changing their morphologies. By utilizing this technique, a suspended nanofiber with a diameter of 120 nm was fabricated with a resonant frequency of 10.8 MHz and a mechanical quality factor of 1600. Because of the simplicity of the process steps to create organized inorganic nanofibers and the ability to produce suspended structures, this approach opens new opportunities in the study and device use of inorganic nanofibers.
Evidence for atomic H insertion into strained Si–Si bonds in the amorphous hydrogenated silicon subsurface from <i>in situ</i> infrared spectroscopy (1997)

The reaction of atomic hydrogen with a growing amorphous hydrogenated silicon film plays a crucial role in determining the final material properties: hydrogen saturates dangling bonds in the film and thereby lowers the defect density, and it is assumed that hydrogen is inserted into strained bonds of the silicon network thereby reducing the local disorder. The latter reaction can be inferred indirectly since the total hydrogen uptake exceeds the decrease in the defect density. This letter presents the first direct experimental evidence from in situ infrared spectroscopy for the insertion of hydrogen into strained Si–Si bonds. This reaction becomes visible during the addition of atomic hydrogen to an as-grown film by the appearance of a characteristic SiH vibrational mode at 2033 cm−1, indicating a different embedding Si matrix compared to the standard SiH bulk vibration at 2000 cm−1.
Skeletal muscle glucose uptake during dynamic exercise in humans: role of muscle mass (1988)

To study the role of muscle mass in glucoregulation, six subjects worked with the knee extensors of one leg on a specially constructed cycle ergometer. The knee extensors of one leg worked either alone or in combination with the knee extensors of the other leg and/or with the arms. Substrate usage was measured across both knee extensors by femoral arterial and venous catheterization and measurement of femoral venous blood flow. Glucose uptake by the working knee extensors was absolutely (by approximately 20%) or relatively decreased when arm cranking was added to knee extensions. The decrease in glucose uptake was not compensated for by increased uptake of free fatty acids but was accompanied by decreases in plasma insulin and increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine. During work with large muscle masses, arterial lactate increased to approximately 6 mM, and net leg lactate release reverted to net lactate uptake. Decreased glucose uptake could not be explained by decreased perfusion. It is concluded that thigh muscle glucose uptake is affected by the size of the total muscle mass engaged in exercise. The decrease in thigh glucose uptake, when arm cranking was added and O2 uptake was increased above 50% of maximum aerobic capacity, may be elicited by neuroendocrine adjustments or lactate-induced inhibition of glycolysis and may represent a mechanism for protecting against premature hypoglycemia during prolonged exercise.
The Polymerization of Monosilicic Acid (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Polymerization of Monosilicic AcidG. B. AlexanderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 8, 2094–2096Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01637a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views821Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (379 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome (2021)

An unbalanced microbial ecosystem on the human skin is closely related to skin diseases and has been associated with inflammation and immune responses. However, little is known about the role of the skin microbiome on skin aging. Here, we report that the Streptococcus species improved the skin structure and barrier function, thereby contributing to anti-aging. Metagenomic analyses showed the abundance of Streptococcus in younger individuals or those having more elastic skin. Particularly, we isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus from face of young individuals. Treatment with secretions of S. pneumoniae and S. infantis induced the expression of genes associated with the formation of skin structure and the skin barrier function in human skin cells. The application of culture supernatant including Streptococcal secretions on human skin showed marked improvements on skin phenotypes such as elasticity, hydration, and desquamation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed overlaps in spermidine biosynthetic and glycogen biosynthetic processes. Streptococcus-secreted spermidine contributed to the recovery of skin structure and barrier function through the upregulation of collagen and lipid synthesis in aged cells. Overall, our data suggest the role of skin microbiome into anti-aging and clinical applications.
A unified approach to 3-D seismic reflection imaging; Part II, Theory (1996)

Abstract Diffraction-stack and isochrone-stack integrals are quantitatively described and employed. They constitute an asymptotic transform pair. Both integrals are the key tools of a unified approach to seismic reflection imaging that can be used to solve a multitude of amplitude-preserving, target-oriented seismic imaging (or image-transformation) problems. These include, for instance, the generalizations of the kinematic map-transformation examples discussed in Part I. All image-transformation problems can be addressed by applying both stacking integrals in sequence, whereby the macro-velocity model, the measurement configuration, or the ray-code of the considered elementary reflections may change from step to step. This leads to weighted (Kirchhoff- or generalized-Radon-type) summations along certain stacking surfaces (or inplanats) for which true-amplitude (TA) weights are provided. To demonstrate the value of the proposed imaging theory (which is based on analytically chaining the two stacking integrals and using certain inherent dualities), we examine in detail the amplitude-preserving configuration transform and remigration for the case of a 3-D laterally inhomogeneous velocity medium.
Extracellular and intracellular actions of adenosine and related compounds in the reperfused rat intestine. (1992)

By using pharmacological tools, the biological actions of adenosine (ADO) were manipulated in rat intestine that had been rendered ischemic for 5 or 15 minutes and reperfused for 1 or 24 hours. With 100 microM ADO topically administered for 30 minutes after ischemia and then washed out, intestinal arteriolar blood flow (BF) and tissue ATP were restored to preocclusion levels, and histological damage was minimal after 1 hour of reperfusion. For comparison, with vehicle treatment after ischemia, BF was reduced by 50%, tissue ATP was reduced by 50%, myeloperoxidase levels in the intestine and lung were increased at least twofold, and mucosal villi were shortened and thickened after 1 hour of reperfusion. Furthermore, with vehicle treatment, both baseline BF and reactivity to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (2-chloroadenosine) vasodilators were significantly depressed after 24 hours of reperfusion. In contrast, with ADO, baseline BF remained near normal, and vascular reactivity to 2-chloroadenosine and acetylcholine was preserved after 24 hours. The salutary effect of ADO on BF was reduced by simultaneous application of the antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline or the cellular uptake inhibitor dipyridamole. The nonmetabolized agonist 2-chloroadenosine, the purine precursor aminoimidazole carboxamide riboside, or dipyridamole alone all had favorable effects relative to the vehicle, but all were less potent than ADO. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Endogenous ADO modulates the inflammatory response evoked by intestinal reperfusion because aminoimidazole carboxamide riboside or dipyridamole, which increases its availability, generally had favorable effects, whereas 8-phenyltheophylline tended to have opposite effects. 2) Exogenous ADO arrests most of the inflammatory changes associated with reperfusion by mechanisms that include both extracellular (e.g., receptor-mediated vasodilation and granulocyte inhibition) and intracellular (e.g., restoration of ATP) actions. 3) The effectiveness of ADO-related compounds even when administered after ischemia attests to the practicality of salvaging ischemic bowel, at least in some conditions.
Silanization of Stainless Steel Surfaces: Influence of Application Parameters (1995)

Abstract The adsorption of y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (y-APS) onto stainless steel substrates has been investigated by Low-Energy Electron Induced X-ray Spectrometry (LEEIXS). Results reported in this work show the influence, on the film thickness, on the one hand, of silane concentration, pH, aging time and alcohol/water ratio of the y-APS solution, and on the other hand, the influence of the drying conditions of the silane films. Clearly, these demonstrate the capabilities of LEEIXS for quantifying the amount of y-APS adsorbed on the metallic surfaces from the silane solutions. Some correlations are also shown between spectrometric results and mechanical data (practical adhesion measurements) provided by a three-point flexure test. Key Words: silane coupling agentsadhesion promotersstainless steel surfacesepoxy adhesivesbonded jointssurface analysislow-energy electron induced x-ray spectrometry (LEEIXS)practical adhesion measurementsthree point flexure testsilanization mechanisms
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Indole Alkaloids from the Marine‐Derived Bacterium Aeromonas sp. CB101. (2010)

Abstract arsindolines A (Ia) and B (Ib)
Optimal Combined Bidding of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Services (2011)

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has the potential of reducing the cost of owning and operating electric vehicles (EVs) while increasing utility system flexibility. Unidirectional V2G is a logical first step because it can be implemented on standard J1772 chargers and it does not degrade EV batteries from cycling. In this work an optimal combined bidding formulation for regulation and spinning reserves is developed to be used by aggregators. This formulation takes into account unplanned departures by EV owners during contract periods and compensates accordingly. Optional load level and price constraints are also developed. These algorithms maximize profits to the aggregator while increasing the benefits the customers and utility. Simulations over a three month period on the ERCOT system show that implementation of these algorithms can provide significant benefits to customers, utilities, and aggregators. Comparisons with bidirectional V2G show that while the benefits of unidirectional V2G are significantly lower, so are the risks.
Aliphatic Polycarbonates with Controlled Quantities of <scp>d</scp>-Xylofuranose in the Main Chain (1999)

Polycarbonates were synthesized by ring-opening copolymerizations of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with 1,2-O-isopropylidene-d-xylofuranose-3,5-cyclic carbonate (IPXTC). Subsequent deprotection of the ketal protecting groups gave controlled quantities of vicinal diol pendant groups. Studies of TMC/IPXTC copolymerization showed that MAO and ZnEt2−0.5H2O were the preferred catalysts. The reactivity ratios measured by the Fineman−Ross method and using ZnEt2−0.5H2O as the catalyst were 0.31 and 0.20 for IPXTC and TMC, respectively. Hence, even though IPXTC has bulky substituents, IPXTC was more reactive than TMC early in the copolymerization. Consistent with the above, the average IPXTC chain segment length was longer early in the copolymerization but decreased with increased conversion. 1H and 13C NMR were used to analyze the repeat unit sequence distribution of copolymers. For copolymers with high IPXTC contents, three types of IPXTC linkages were found: head−head, tail−tail, and head−tail. The protecting ketal groups were removed by CF3COOH/H2O to give a novel polycarbonate with hydroxyl pendant groups. Longer deprotection times led to higher extents of deprotection but lower molecular weight. Studies by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that copolymers having from 8 to 83% IPXTC were all amorphous. In addition, a physical aging transition was apparent. The Tg of the copolymer increased with increasing IPXTC copolymer content. Furthermore, the experimental Tg values were in good agreement with that calculated by the Fox equation. After deprotection, the copolymer Tg decreased, which is consistent with the loss of the bulky ketal side group.
Robust Text Detection in Natural Scene Images (2013)

Text detection in natural scene images is an important prerequisite for many content-based image analysis tasks. In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust method for detecting texts in natural scene images. A fast and effective pruning algorithm is designed to extract Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) as character candidates using the strategy of minimizing regularized variations. Character candidates are grouped into text candidates by the single-link clustering algorithm, where distance weights and clustering threshold are learned automatically by a novel self-training distance metric learning algorithm. The posterior probabilities of text candidates corresponding to non-text are estimated with a character classifier; text candidates with high non-text probabilities are eliminated and texts are identified with a text classifier. The proposed system is evaluated on the ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition database; the f-measure is over 76%, much better than the state-of-the-art performance of 71%. Experiments on multilingual, street view, multi-orientation and even born-digital databases also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Charge coupled frame transfer imaging devices with interlaced readout and blooming suppression (1972)

A charge coupled image sensor to be used in conventional television applications has to be read out in two progressively scanned, 2:1 interlaced fields. A difficulty arises in frame transfer imaging devices, since they are basically shift registers that move the whole charge pattern in unison. A modified form of interlacing has been devised which offers a resolution per scan line in the display that is comparable to what is produced in an electron beam scanned arrangement. Each charge transfer cell is elongated in the vertical direction to cover the distance corresponding to two scan lines in the display. The information to be presented in two consecutive fields is integrated underneath different sets of electrodes, within this stretched resolution cell, to match the center of charge collection with the corresponding location of the scan line in the display. Several implementations of this scheme have been tested experimentally and compared to the theoretical resolution limit.
Application of Optimization Methods on Abrasive Jet Machining of Ceramics (2014)

In this paper, Taguchi method is applied to find optimum process parameter for Abrasive jet machining. Abrasive jet machining is a modern machining process in which the Metal Removal takes place due to the impact of High Pressure, High Velocity of Air and Abrasive particle (Al2O3, Sic etc.) on a work piece. Experimental investigation were conducted to assess the influence of Abrasive jet machining process parameters on MRR and Kerf of fibre glass. The approach was based on Taguchi’s method and analysis of variance to optimize the AJM process parameters for effective machining and to predict the optimal Values for each AJM parameter such as pressure, standoff distance, Abrasive flow rate and Nozzle diameter. For each combination of orthogonal array we have conducted four experiments and with the help of ANOVA it is found that the process parameters have a significant influence on metal removal rate and Kerf. The Experimental analysis of the Taguchi method identifies that, in general the P re s s ure significantly affects the MRR while, Stand of distance affects the Kerf. Experiments are carried out using (L16) orthogonal array by varying pressure, standoff distance, Abrasive flow rate and Nozzle diameter respectively.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Attitude and Orbit Estimation using Real Earth Magnetic Field Data (2025)

A single, augmented Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) which simultaneously and autonomously estimates spacecraft attitude and orbit has been developed and successfully tested with both simulated and real magnetometer and rate data. Since the earth's magnetic field is a function of time and position, and since time is known quite precisely, the differences between the computed and measured magnetic field components, as measured by the magnetometers throughout the entire spacecraft orbit, are a function of both orbit and attitude errors. Therefore, these differences can be used to estimate both orbit and attitude. The results of testing the EKF with real magnetometer and gyro data from four satellites supported by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Flight Dynamics Division (FDD) are presented and evaluated.