gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active learning with version spaces for object detection (2016)

Given an image, we would like to learn to detect objects belonging to particular object categories. Common object detection methods train on large annotated datasets which are annotated in terms of bounding boxes that contain the object of interest. Previous works on object detection model the problem as a structured regression problem which ranks the correct bounding boxes more than the background ones. In this paper we develop algorithms which actively obtain annotations from human annotators for a small set of images, instead of all images, thereby reducing the annotation effort. Towards this goal, we make the following contributions: 1. We develop a principled version space based active learning method that solves for object detection as a structured prediction problem in a weakly supervised setting 2. We also propose two variants of the margin sampling strategy 3. We analyse the results on standard object detection benchmarks that show that with only 20% of the data we can obtain more than 95% of the localization accuracy of full supervision. Our methods outperform random sampling and the classical uncertainty-based active learning algorithms like entropy
Energy reduction in server cooling via real time thermal control (2012)

Currently, server fans often over-cool the CPUs, contributing to increased use of energy. A thermal model-based real-time fan controller was studied in this paper to reduce the energy consumption in server CPU fans. A reduced order model of the server CPU and its heatsink was developed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), which provided 180 times faster simulation times, with reasonable accuracy. This was used in conjunction with a fan control strategy to achieve 27% savings in energy consumed for cooling.
Process development testing in support of the plutonium immobilization program (2000)

As an integral part of the plutonium disposition program, formulation and process development is being performed for the immobilization of surplus plutonium in a titanate-based ceramic. Small-scale process prototypic and lab-scale functionally prototypic equipment have been tested to help define the immobilization process. The testing has included non-radioactive surrogates and actual actinide oxides contained in the immobilized form. A summary of the process development studies, as well as the formulation studies relevant to the process, will be provided.
Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry.John D. RobertsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 21, 5767Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01506a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01506a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Haptic-enabled teleoperation of base-excited hydraulic manipulators applied to live-line maintenance (2014)

This paper investigates haptic-enabled teleoperation of a base-excited hydraulic manipulator working under a wireless communication channel. The intended application is live power line maintenance. With respect to this application, three main challenges are recognized in the field: need for the force feedback, wireless communication between master and slave sites, and base excitation of the slave manipulator. In this paper, a test rig is developed to examine how an operator's hand speed regulating scheme enhances the lineman's performance while the entire system works under a wireless communication channel and the slave base is under excitation. Two sets of experiments are performed when the haptic device produces no force and when the regulating haptic force is added to the master device. Performance of the system is evaluated by measuring four indices: operator's failure in completing a task, end-effector displacement, slave manipulator controller effort, and task completion time. Results indicate that adding the haptic force to the system helps linemen function more effectively when the system is subject to base-excitation and communicates through a wireless network.
Assessing Stroke Risk in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (2000)

Prior data have shown convincingly that anticoagulation therapy for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) markedly lowers risk for stroke. Because anticoagulation is inconvenient, is expensive, and increases risk for bleeding, accurate identification of those patients likeliest to benefit is critical.

These investigators used 3 published anticoagulation guidelines to assess stroke risk in 13,559 patients with NVAF who were treated within a …
Encryption alternatives for network security (1996)

The Internet has become a target for individuals with the financial resources and technical expertise to cause significant damage. Intruders of all kinds — employees, hackers, terrorist groups, foreign governments conducting political and military intelligence operations, and domestic and foreign enterprise engaged in industrial espionage — have contributed to the increasing level and sophistication of threats to computer and telecommunication systems.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Health Care Systems (2005)

Antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals seek to optimize antimicrobial prescribing in order to improve individual patient care as well as reduce hospital costs and slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance. With antimicrobial resistance on the rise worldwide and few new agents in development, antimicrobial stewardship programs are more important than ever in ensuring the continued efficacy of available antimicrobials. The design of antimicrobial management programs should be based on the best current understanding of the relationship between antimicrobial use and resistance. Such programs should be administered by multidisciplinary teams composed of infectious diseases physicians, clinical pharmacists, clinical microbiologists, and infection control practitioners and should be actively supported by hospital administrators. Strategies for changing antimicrobial prescribing behavior include education of prescribers regarding proper antimicrobial usage, creation of an antimicrobial formulary with restricted prescribing of targeted agents, and review of antimicrobial prescribing with feedback to prescribers. Clinical computer systems can aid in the implementation of each of these strategies, especially as expert systems able to provide patient-specific data and suggestions at the point of care. Antibiotic rotation strategies control the prescribing process by scheduled changes of antimicrobial classes used for empirical therapy. When instituting an antimicrobial stewardship program, a hospital should tailor its choice of strategies to its needs and available resources.
VBI-Tree: A Peer-to-Peer Framework for Supporting Multi-Dimensional Indexing Schemes (2006)

Multi-dimensional data indexing has received much attention in a centralized database. However, not so much work has been done on this topic in the context of Peerto- Peer systems. In this paper, we propose a new Peer-to- Peer framework based on a balanced tree structure overlay, which can support extensible centralized mapping methods and query processing based on a variety of multidimensional tree structures, including R-Tree, X-Tree, SSTree, and M-Tree. Specifically, in a network with N nodes, our framework guarantees that point queries and range queries can be answered within O(logN) hops. We also provide an effective load balancing strategy to allow nodes to balance their work load efficiently. An experimental assessment validates the practicality of our proposal.
Inhibition of rat liver microsomal CYP1A2 and CYP2B1 activity by N-(2-heptyl)-N-methyl-propargylamine and by N-(2-heptyl)-propargylamine. (2001)

(R)-N-(2-Heptyl)-N-methyl-propargylamine (R-2HMP) and (R)-N-(2-heptyl)-propargylamine (R-2HPA) are analogs of R-deprenyl. R-Deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, is a mechanism-based inactivator of purified CYP2B1. The aim of the present study was to determine whether R-2HMP and R-2HPA behaved like deprenyl with respect to inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme activity. The activities of CYP1A2 and CYP1A1 were assessed by measuring the deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin by liver microsomes obtained from control and beta-naphthoflavone-treated female Wistar rats, respectively. CYP2B1 activity was assessed by measuring depentylation of 7-pentoxyresorufin by liver microsomes obtained from phenobarbital-treated rats. The activity of CYP1A1 was unaffected by 100 microM concentrations of R-deprenyl, R-2HMP, or R-2HPA. In contrast, the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2B1 were significantly decreased. In general, the percentage of CYP1A2 activity remaining in the presence of 100 microM of one of these propargylamines ranged from 45 to 56%, whereas 10% or less of CYP2B1 activity remained. No marked differences between the various propargylamines were observed. The IC(50) values for the inhibition of CYP2B1 activity by R-deprenyl, R-2HMP, and R-2HPA were found to be 2.6, 8.5, and 3.6 microM, respectively. The S-enantiomers of deprenyl, 2HMP, and 2HPA also inhibited the activity of microsomal CYP2B1. R-2HMP, R-2HPA, and S-2HPA were found to be mechanism-based inactivators of CYP2B1 activity. The inactivation constants k(inact) and K(I) were found to be as follows: R-deprenyl, 1.3 microM and 0.32 min(-1); R-2HMP, 0.8 microM and 0.08 min(-1); R-2HPA, 0.5 microM and 0.36 min(-1); and S-2HPA, 0.24 microM and 0.18 min(-1).
Optimal Chosen-Ciphertext Secure Encryption of Arbitrary-Length Messages. (2002)

This paper considers arbitrary-length chosen-ciphertext secure asymmetric encryption, thus addressing what is actually needed for a practical usage of strong public-key cryptography in the real world. We put forward two generic constructions, GEM-1 and GEM-2, which apply to explicit fixed-length weakly secure primitives and provide a strongly secure (IND-CCA2) public-key encryption scheme for messages of unfixed length (typically computer files). Our techniques optimally combine a single call to any one-way trapdoor function with repeated encryptions through some weak block-cipher (a simple xor is fine) and hash functions of fixed-length input so that a minimal number of calls to these functions is needed. Our encryption/decryption throughputs are comparable to the ones of standard methods (asymmetric encryption of a session key symmetric encryption with multiple modes). In our case, however, we formally prove that our designs are secure in the strongest sense and provide complete security reductions holding in the random oracle model.
Sulfur Compounds Derived from Petroleum (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfur Compounds Derived from PetroleumP. J. Wiezevich, L. B. Turner, and Per K. FrolichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 3, 295–296Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50279a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (262 KB) Get e-Alerts
Lean, mean printing machine : news (2009)

The global economic crisis is no longer looming on the horizon. It is in fact perched firmly on our shoulders with a hand in our back pockets. This said there is a silver lining. Companies are now able to step back to analyse their processes and procedures and adopt best practice principles into all spheres of their organisation.
Increased immunoreactivity to two overlapping peptides of myelin proteolipid protein in multiple sclerosis (1997)

We tested the proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 61 patients with multiple sclerosis, 56 healthy control subjects and 52 patients with other neurological diseases to seven synthetic peptides of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) and 19 synthetic peptides of myelin basic protein (MBP). Increased proliferative responses to two overlapping PLP peptides, PLP184-199 and PLP190-209 were found significantly more frequently in blood from patients with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (52.3%), but not from those with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (18.2%), than in that from healthy control subjects (8.9%) and patients with other neurological diseases (20.8%). Reactivity to these PLP peptides was most frequently seen in blood from patients with multiple sclerosis of 6-15 years duration and with moderate to severe disability (Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale > 4.0); the blood from 15 of 19 patients in this group reacted to one or both of the peptides. Both peptides could be recognized by short-term T-cell lines specific for whole PLP, and lines specific for one or other of the two overlapping peptides were able to recognize whole PLP, indicating that these peptides can be processed naturally from the intact molecule. This region of PLP is encephalitogenic in a number of strains of mice. Samples from multiple sclerosis patients did not react more frequently to any of the MBP peptides than those from healthy control subjects. The proportions of patients with other neurological diseases whose blood responded to the MBP peptides that most frequently elicited responses in blood from multiple sclerosis patients were significantly lower than the proportions of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy control subjects whose blood responded to these peptides.
Sialylated multivalent antigens engage CD22<i>in trans</i>and inhibit B cell activation (2009)

CD22 is an inhibitory coreceptor on the surface of B cells that attenuates B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling and, therefore, B cell activation. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory activity of CD22 is complicated by the ubiquity of CD22 ligands. Although antigens can display CD22 ligands, the receptor is known to bind to sialylated glycoproteins on the cell surface. The propinquity of CD22 and cell-surface glycoprotein ligands has led to the conclusion that the inhibitory properties of the receptor are due to cis interactions. Here, we examine the functional consequences of trans interactions by employing sialylated multivalent antigens that can engage both CD22 and the BCR. Exposure of B cells to sialylated antigens results in the inhibition of key steps in BCR signaling. These results reveal that antigens bearing CD22 ligands are powerful suppressors of B cell activation. The ability of sialylated antigens to inhibit BCR signaling through trans CD22 interactions reveals a previously unrecognized role for the Siglec-family of receptors as modulators of immune signaling.
The analytical and numerical solution of electric and magnetic fields (1993)

Basic Field Theory. Images. The Solution of Laplace's Equation by Separation of the Variables. Fields with Distributed Currents: Poisson and Diffusion Equations. Conformal Transformation: Basic Ideas. Polygonal Boundaries. General Considerations. Computational Modeling--Basic Methods. Two-Dimensional Static Linear Problems. Non-Linear Effects in Two-Dimensional Fields. Two-Dimensional Time-Dependent Fields. Three-Dimensional Problems. Electromagnetic Software Environment. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.
Forming of Titanium and Titanium Alloys (2006)

Abstract This article describes different types of titanium alloys, including alloy Ti-6Al-4V, alpha and near-alpha alloys, and alpha-beta alloys. It explains the formability of titanium alloys with an emphasis on the Bauschinger effect. The article provides information on the tool materials and lubricants used in the forming process. It provides information on the cold and hot forming, superplastic forming, and combination of superplastic forming/diffusion bonding. The article discusses the various forming processes of these titanium alloys, including press-brake forming, power (shear) spinning, rubber-pad forming, stretch forming, contour roll forming, creep forming, vacuum forming, drop hammer forming, joggling, and explosive forming.
Differentiation between Spitz nevi and malignant melanomas by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. (1999)

Spitz nevi are benign melanocytic neoplasias which have distinct pathological features that make the pathological differential diagnosis from malignant melanomas extremely difficult. The Spitz nevi may be misdiagnosed as malignant melanoma and vice versa. Therefore, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) was used for a possible discrimination between Spitz nevi and malignant melanomas on the basis of numerical aberrations of the chromosome complement in interphase nuclei of thin sections. Previous studies had shown changes in malignant melanomas which were not found at the same level in normal tissue or benign tumors. Thin sections of archival paraffin material from 42 Spitz nevi with different histological type and grade of anomaly were subjected to FISH-analyses using commercially available biotinylated and/or digoxigenated alphoid DNA probes of chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9, 17 and 18, which were applied in combinations in a two- or three-color-FISH. Unaffected epithelial areas from the same sections served as. The obtained data were compared with those collected previously from thin sections of malignant melanomas prepared in the same way. Due to the sometimes limited nevus area investigated, the number of evaluable nuclei was lower than expected from previous experiences with malignant melanomas. Therefore, only 20 nevi could be reliably evaluated. The comparison of the group of Spitz nevi with the group of controls did not show any significant difference regarding chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9 and 17 (Wilcoxon test). The method used to detect chromosomal loss or gain in the individual Spitz nevi demonstrated only two nevi (one of the spindle cell type with a low to middle grade of anomaly, the other of the epitheloid cell type with a middle grade of anomaly) with a gain of chromosome 7 and chromosome 17, respectively. So, with respect to the histological type and grade of anomaly, no numerical aberrations could be detected in Spitz nevi. The comparison of the group of Spitz nevi with subgroups of malignant melanomas (metastatic, non-metastatic, melanomas with a thickness <1.5 mm and melanomas with a thickness >2. 0 mm) and with the whole group of malignant melanomas showed significant differences concerning chromosome 9 (Mann-Whitney U test), signal indices, which were higher in the melanomas than in the Spitz nevi. Regarding chromosomes 6, 7 and 17 no significant differences could be shown, although a trend of gain in melanomas and of loss in Spitz nevi was observed of these chromosomes.
Alphoidless centromere of a familial unstable inverted Y chromosome. (1996)

We report on a 3-generation pedigree in which an inverted unstable Y chromosome had no phenotypical or reproductive repercussion despite a sizable proportion of secondary aneuploidies (mainly 45, X cells) in lymphocytes. This chromosome was metacentric and had a single Cd-positive primary constriction, but occasionally assumed a normal acrocentric aspect. FISH using the probe DYZ3 revealed a single strong signal; unexpectedly, the signal was outside the primary constriction and appeared to map in the middle of p, that is, at the usual centromeric localisation. Therefore, this chromosome should be regarded as a remarkable pseudodicentric because the major alphoid array was located at the inactive centromere but not at the active one. This chromosome may have resulted from a) a transcentric inversion with the 48 bp satellite array of proximal Yq being relocated next to the Yq heterochromatin, or b) an intrachromosomal insertion of nonalphoid centromeric sequences.
Enhancement of Anti-Dermatitis Potential of Clobetasol Propionate by DHA [Docosahexaenoic Acid] Rich Algal Oil Nanoemulsion Gel. (2016)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsion formulation for topical delivery of Clobetasol propionate (CP) using algal oil (containing omega-3 fatty acids) as the oil phase. CP has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities. However, its clinical use is restricted to some extent due to its poor permeability across the skin. Algal oil was used as the oil phase and was also exploited for its anti-inﬂammatory effect along with CP in the treatment of inﬂammation associated with dermatitis. Nanoemulsion formulations were prepared by aqueous phase titration method, using algal oil, tween 20, PEG 200 and water as the oil phase, surfactant, co-surfactant and aqueous phase respectively. Furthermore, different formulations were subjected to evaluate for ex-vivo permeation and in-vivo anti-inflammatory, irritation and contact dermatitis studies. The optimized nanoemulsion was converted into hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsion system (HTN) using carbopol 971 and had a viscosity of 97.57 ± 0.04 PaS. The optimized formulation had small average diameter (120 nm) with zeta potential of -37.01 mV which indicated good long-term stability. In-vivo anti-inﬂammatory activity indicated 84.55% and 41.04% inhibition of inflammation for drug loaded and placebo formulations respectively. The assessment of skin permeation was done by DSC and histopathology studies which indicated changes in the structure of epidermal membrane of skin. Contact dermatitis reveals that the higher NTPDase activity in the treatment with the CP-loaded nanoemulsion could be related to the higher anti-inflammatory effect in comparison with placebo nanoemulsion gel.
A data-replace-controlled cache memory system and its performance evaluations (2003)

We present a novel cache memory system to reduce cache miss ratio. It enables the cache to lock or release the data in it by software controls. The paper describes its overall hardware and programming directions and also shows performance evaluations. The results show that the computer with this system can reduce the cache misses by up to 60.9% and can execute faster than a computer with a conventional cache.