gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Analysis of Beacon Dissemination in Vehicular Networks (2012)

In many active safety applications, each vehicle must periodically disseminate a beacon message including the status information, such as position, speed, steering, etc., so that a neighbor vehicle can better perceive and predict the kinematics of the vehicle sending this message. However, a simple broadcasting of beacon message may lead to a low message reception as well as an excessive delay. To resolve this problem, we consider the requirements of an active safety application, a channel load and a vehicle mobility in a highway scenario of vehicular networks. Based on these requirements, we analyze the impact of the following three key parameters of the beacon dissemination on the performance of vehicular networks: beacon period, beacon transmission power, and contention window (CW) size. We first derive a beacon period which is inversely proportional to the vehicle speed. Next, we mathematically formulate the maximum beacon load to demonstrate the necessity of the transmission power control. We finally present an approximate closed-form solution of the optimal CW size that leads to the maximum throughput of beacon messages in vehicular networks.
Architecture for a VLSI implementation of an LPC-based, isolated-word recognition system (2005)

An architecture for a general-purpose, programmable LPC-based speech processing hardware system has been designed. In this paper, we present the VLSI architecture for two custom-designed microprocessors in an isolated-word recognition task. A recognition simulation yielded an average error rate of under 1.5% on a medium-size vocabulary with a partially confusable lexicon. The hardware performance is in close agreement with the simulation results. Due to efficient hardware architecture and algorithms, all signal analysis can be done in about 30% real-time with medium-speed multiplication. Since the custom microprocessors were designed for VLSI implementation, it is expected that the total system cost can reach well below $100.00, and occupy under 16 square inches of board space.
Multi-Factor Fingerprints for Personal Computer Hardware (2007)

This paper describes software-based techniques for generating fingerprints that are capable of reliably differentiating, with a high level of confidence, identically configured personal computer (PC) hardware. These fingerprints are based on the characteristics of the quartz crystals that control the frequencies of various clock signals within the PC, specifically, the minute, unit-to-unit variations between the precise frequencies at which these crystals oscillate. A multi-factor fingerprint, based on measurements of the frequency differences between two or more independent pairs of crystals, was developed. The use of multiple independent sets of measurements increases the ability of these fingerprints to differentiate between nominally identical machines. The techniques, the proof-of-concept software that implements these techniques, and the experiments that are described here demonstrate the feasibility of developing reliable, highly discriminating, multi-factor fingerprints. These fingerprints could strengthen software protection measures that attempt to control the machines on which software may execute, as well as provide another forensics tool that will help pierce efforts to preserve anonymity.
Basal ganglia motor control. I. Nonexclusive relation of pallidal discharge to five movement modes (1991)

1. To evaluate the various hypotheses that the basal ganglia preferentially control one mode of movement to the exclusion of others, we recorded the discharge of single neurons in the globus pallidus (GP) in rhesus monkeys during their performance of five trained wrist-movement tasks. The tasks were designed to dissociate several modes and parameters of movement to see whether pallidal neurons would discharge in relation to one and not the others. All tasks were performed by flexing and extending the wrist with opposing or assisting torque loads (0.2 Nm). The five tasks included 1) VisStep, a visually cued step tracking task; 2) VisRamp, a visually guided hold-ramp-hold tracking task; 3) VisSine, a visually guided rapid sinusoidal tracking task; 4) SelfRamp, a self-paced hold-ramp-hold task with delayed alternation, trained velocity, and no visual feedback of wrist position; and 5) SelfSine, a self-paced rapid sinusoidal movement without visual feedback of wrist position. Wrist position and velocity were monitored during all recordings; and wrist, arm, shoulder, and back electromyographs (EMGs) were monitored periodically. Unit discharge was recorded extracellularly from both segments of the GP. The results were similar in the present analysis and are considered together. As a control, units were also recorded in the dentate nucleus of the lateral cerebellum, and the EMGs of many muscles were recorded in limbs, neck and trunk. 2. For 100 GP neurons [41 in the internal segment (GPi) and 59 in the external segment (GPe)], the activity of which changed with task performance, the discharge patterns varied greatly across tasks. The discharge of 96/97 neurons (99%) changed during VisStep, 66/91 neurons (73%) changed during VisRamp, 41/81 neurons (51%) changed during VisSine, 7/34 neurons (21%) changed during SelfRamp, and 25/80 neurons (31%) changed during SelfSine. Of 74 neurons that were fully tested in four or more tasks, 16 (21%) were related only to one task; only 17 cells (23%) were related to all tasks; and, for the remaining 41 (55%) neurons, the relation of the discharge of a given neuron to one task did not predict its relation to other tasks. These task-dependent differences in the discharge of pallidal neurons were not correlated with differences in wrist position, velocity, load, or muscle activity (see also the following paper--Mink and Thach, 1991a). 3. From these data, we conclude that no one task engaged all pallidal neurons to the exclusion of other tasks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Importance Point Projection for GPU‐based Final Gathering (2011)

Abstract We present a practical importance‐driven method for GPU‐based final gathering. We take as input a point cloud representing directly illuminated scene geometry; we then project and splat the points to microbuffers, which store each shading pixel's occluded radiance field. We select points for projection based on importance, defined as each point's estimated contribution to a shading pixel. For each selected point, we calculate its splat size adaptively based on its importance value. The main advantage of our method is that it's simple and fast, and provides the capability to incorporate additional importance factors such as glossy reflection paths. We also introduce an image‐space adaptive sampling method, which combines adaptive image subdivision with joint bilateral upsampling to robustly preserve fine details. We have implemented our algorithm on the GPU, providing high‐quality rendering for dynamic scenes at near interactive rates.
Étude graphique des propriétés optiques des lames métalliques minces (1950)

Pas de Résumé disponible
Decision feedback equalization in SC-FDMA (2008)

SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) is employed in the 3GPP LTE (Long-Term Evolution) standard as the uplink transmission scheme. The SC-FDMA signal has a low PAPR. This makes it well-suited to power efficient transmission at the mobile terminal. Although it is a common assumption to use frequency-domain linear equalization in SC-FDMA, a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) composed of a frequency-domain feedforward filter and a time-domain feedback filter can provide enhanced performance. Even when error propagation is taken into account, results show that a DFE still offers a significant performance gain over the conventional LE for uncoded SC-FDMA. This paper demonstrates that SC-FDMA with DFE is capable of increasing the throughput in a power limited channel by up to 41% compared to LE. Alternatively, for a given peak transmit power, the use of a DFE can achieve a 14% coverage extension in NLOS and 19% in LOS.
Antibodies directed against ribosomal protein determinants in the sera of patients with connective tissue diseases. (1982)

A collection of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren's syndrome, progressive systemic sclerosis, and the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome was screened for the presence of antibodies recognizing determinants on the protein moiety of human ribosomes after electrophoretic separation in polyacrylamide and blotting on nitrocellulose. In addition to the antibodies already described against the RNA moiety or against the whole ribosome, some autoimmune sera contain antibodies against the protein moiety. The results obtained by this methodology were compared with those obtained by a microtiter procedure.
Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Antibody−Epitope Recognition at a Biomimetic Membrane Interface (2000)

Biomolecular recognition of antigens and epitopes by antibodies is a fundamental event in the initiation of immune response and plays a central role in a variety of biochemical processes. Peptide binding requires, in many cases, presentation of the peptides at interfaces, such as protein surfaces, cellular membranes, and synthetic polymer surfaces. We describe a novel molecular system in which interactions between antibodies and peptide epitopes displayed at a biomimetic membrane interface can be detected through induction of visible, rapid color transitions. The colorimetric assembly consists of a phospholipid/polydiacetylene matrix anchoring a hydrophobic peptide displaying the epitope at its N-terminus. The colorimetric transitions observed in the assembly, corresponding to perturbation of the polydiacetylene framework, are induced only upon recognition of the displayed epitope by its specific antibody present in the aqueous solution. Significantly, the color changes occur after a single mixing step, without further chemical reactions or enzymatic processing. The new molecular system could be utilized for studying antigen-antibody interactions and peptide-protein recognition, epitope mapping, and rapid screening of biological and chemical libraries.
Microelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Differentiation between Normal and Cancerous Human Urothelial Cell Lines: Real-Time Electrical Impedance Measurement at an Optimal Frequency (2016)

The μEIS-RT can discriminate SV-HUC-1 and TCCSUP cells by measuring the impedance at the optimal frequency determined by the μEIS-OF.
Structure and Rheology of Hydrogen Bond Reinforced Liquid Crystals (2004)

Phase behavior and structure in both the crystalline and liquid-crystalline states is dependent on molecular size and shape and competition between various noncovalent intermolecular interactions. Numerous guanidinium organomonosulfonate (GS) crystals have been shown to adopt layered architectures because of their propensity to form a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network consisting of the sulfonate moieties (S) and complementary guanidinium (G) ions. This characteristic has now been demonstrated for nearly all of a series of guanidinium alkylbenzenesulfonates (GCnBS), in which the alkyl chain length (n) ranges from 0 to 16 carbons, and some members of a series of guanidinium alkylbiphenylsulfonates (GCnBPS). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that these layered architectures include previously observed simple bilayer and continuously interdigitated layer architectures as well as a new “box bilayer” architecture. Whereas the related sodium organosulfonates, phenylalkanes, and biphenylalkanes alone do not form liquid-crystal phases upon heating, the reinforcement provided by the hydrogen-bonded GS network leads to the transformation of these crystalline phases to persistent smectic liquid-crystal phases at elevated temperatures for n ≥ q (as reported previously for some of the GCnBS compounds). This chain length corresponds to single-crystal packing motifs that signal the onset of a structure-directing role for alkane−alkane interactions. X-ray diffraction reveals that the d-spacings of the smectic phases increase monotonically with n, consistent with a common structure that is independent of the preexisting crystal architecture. This behavior can be ascribed to facile rearrangements of the hydrogen-bonding connectivity in the GS sheet during the crystal-to-smectic transition. Several GCnBS compounds also exhibit polymorphic transitions involving rearrangement of the hydrogen-bond connectivity at temperatures below the smectic transition. The general rheological behavior of the GCnBS smectic phases was consistent with that reported for other small-molecule smectics; however, the viscosity of the GCnBS smectic phases was at least 2 orders of magnitude larger. The large viscosities observed in the GCnBS smectic phases are attributed to the persistence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the liquid-crystal state.
Metal–organic framework-based molecular beacons for multiplexed DNA detection by synchronous fluorescence analysis (2014)

We report a new sensor combined two dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF), N,N-bis(2-hydroxy-ethyl)dithiooxamidato copper(II) (H2dtoaCu), with the hairpin-structured oligonucleotides and demonstrate its feasibility in detecting multiplexed sequence-specific DNA. The key component of this sensor (MOF-MBs) is the hairpin-structured fluorescent oligonucleotide that allows the MOFs to function as both a "nanoscaffold" for the oligonucleotide and a "nanoquencher" of the fluorophore. An oligonucleotide sequence fragment of wild-type HBV (T1) and a reverse-transcription oligonucleotide sequence of RNA fragment of HIV (T2) were used as model systems. While in the presence of the targets, the fluorescence of dyes was recovered by forming a double strand structure. Multiplex DNA detection can be realized by synchronous scanning fluorescence spectrometry, and there was no cross reaction between the two probes. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensities of two dyes all exhibit good linear dependence on their target DNA concentration in the range of 1-10 nM with the detection limit of 0.87 nM and 0.22 nM for T1 and T2, respectively. As a proof of concept, the MOF-MBs have been successfully used as a potential sensing platform for simultaneous detection of multiplexed DNA.
Automatic vehicle location system implementation (2002)

Since August, 1994 the Phoenix Fire Department's new computer-aided dispatch system has been making dispatch recommendations based on current unit locations. This has been made possible by tightly integrating an automatic vehicle location (AVL) system with the dispatch system. This paper describes how the Phoenix Fire Department (hereinafter referred to as Department) has integrated the two systems and the benefits that it has realized. Planned enhancements are also described.
Network Mobility Support using Mobile MAG in Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain (2012)

This draft specifies IP mobility support protocol for moving network
including mobile nodes (MNs) over Proxy Mobile IPv6 network by
introducing a new functional entity, mobile MAG (mMAG) on the moving
network. The mMAG takes charges of MN's movement detection, binding
update on behalf of MNs as a mobile access gateway (MAG) does in
PMIPv6 infrastructure. This protocol also supports IP session
continuity for a mobile node to move between mobile network and fixed
MAG. This protocol does not require any modification or extension on
the MN.
Weak-field magnetization of superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Relationship to microstructure (1987)

We have tested the granular magnetization model of Finnemore et al. on a well-characterized sample of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{x}}$. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility is in excellent agreement with the model. In addition, the grain size deduced from the magnetization data (1--2 \ensuremath{\mu}m) is in reasonable agreement with direct scanning-electron-microscopy measurements of the microstructure.
Inheritance of Resistance to the New Race of Powdery Mildew in Watermelon (2013)

ABSTRACT Watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] production in the United States has, in the past few years, incurred significant losses to races 1W and 2WU.S. powdery mildew ( Podosphaera xanthii ) infection. We report the mode of inheritance, gene action, and heritability of race 2WU.S. resistance in two populations derived from a cross involving the resistant genotype PI 189225 and the susceptible ‘Charleston Gray’ and PI 269677. Parents, F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 P 1 , and BC 1 P 2 plants were inoculated and evaluated for leaf and stem resistance in two replicated greenhouse experiments. Segregation patterns revealed that only leaf resistance rating in Charleston Gray × PI 189225 fit the model for single gene inheritance. Generation mean analysis established only additive gene action for leaf resistance while for stem resistance, additive, dominance, and epistatic effects were important. Narrow‐sense heritability estimates were higher for stem (0.81) than for leaf (0.58) resistance. Lack of dominance and epistatic effects combined with high heritability indicated high probability of success in selecting for leaf resistance in early generations. Stem resistance had a higher additive effect, lower dominance, and moderate heritability, but progress toward resistance should be possible. In population PI 269677 × PI 189225, epistatic effects combined with low heritability (0.20) and presence of duplicate epistasis may result in slower progress from selection.
TCP throughput analysis under transmission error and congestion losses (2004)

This paper analyzes the performance of a large population of long lived TCP flows experiencing random packet losses due to both random transmission errors and congestion created by the sharing of a common tail drop bottleneck router. We propose a natural and simple model for the joint throughput evolution of the set of TCP sessions under such a mix of losses. For the case of Poisson transmission errors, we show that the asymptotic model where the population tends to infinity leads to a well defined and tractable dynamical system. In particular, we get the mean value of the throughput of each session as a function of the transmission error rate and the synchronization rate in the bottleneck router. The large population asymptotic model has two interesting and non-intuitive properties: 1) there exists a positive threshold (given in closed form) on the transmission error rate above which there are no congestion losses at all in steady state; 2) below this threshold, the mean throughput of each flow is an increasing function of the transmission error rate, so that the maximum mean value is in fact achieved when the transmission error rate is equal to this threshold. The finite population model and models based on other classes of point processes are also studied. In particular, a sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of congestion times in the case of arbitrary transmission error point processes.
Feeder Cattle Stress During Handling and Transportation (1982)

ABSTRACT THE relationship between heart rate and stressor events which normally occur in the handling and transportation of feeder calves from producer to feedlot was determined. Heart rate was monitored with a bio-medical telemetry system and activity was monitored with a closed-circuit television system. In a laboratory ex-periment, three pairs of calves were subjected to various planned and ad lib stressor events such as placing in a squeeze chute, loading on a transport vehicle, and eating or drinking. The average heart rate increased by less than 10 beats/min (BPM) for mild stressor events such as gentle butting to more than 30 BPM for severe stressor events such as loading on a vehicle. A mathematical model was developed to predict the heart rate for various stressor events. In two other experiments, eight feeder calves from each of two truckloads were monitored during assembly, simulated auction sale, and while in transit (1600 km) from the producing area to the feedlot. These experi-ments showed that there was a significant difference in the stress, as measured by increased heart rate, between the two shipments. Much of the difference was attribut-able to differences in procedures and facilities. For ex-ample, efficient sorting of animals resulted in an increase of only 7 BPM while inefficient sorting resulted in an in-crease of 48 BPM. Heart rate appears to be related to stress and, therefore, may provide a fast objective way to measure stress and its effect upon subsequent animal health. Future research is planned to test this hypothesis as well as provide the information needed to develop more efficient handling and transportation procedures.
Combined Effects of p53 Gene Therapy and Leptomycin B in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2008)

Our findings suggest that LMB has a potent ability to augment the effect of the tumor suppressor p53 in esophageal squamous cancer cell lines and that it is a promising component in p53 gene therapy.
Suppression of endothelial adhesion molecule up‐regulation with cyclopentenone prostaglandins is dissociated from IκB kinase inhibition and cell death induction (2003)

The cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cPG) 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (dPGJ2) and PGA1 can inhibit multiple steps in nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling and can induce cell death. Here we characterized the effects of dPGJ2 and PGA1 on the inflammatory induction of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAM). Pretreatment of endothelial cells with dPGJ2 or PGA1 at low concentrations dose dependently inhibited the up-regulation of CAM expression and monocyte arrest by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha but not expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Only at high concentrations, cPG enhanced TNF-alpha-induced cell death and inhibited TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB-alpha kinase (IKK) activation, IkappaB-alpha degradation, and NF-kappaB/p65 translocation, while promoting AP-1/c-jun phosphorylation. Expression of an IKK-beta mutant (C179A) resistant to interaction with cPG impaired cell death induction but not inhibition of CAM up-regulation by cPG. Gel shift and reporter gene analysis revealed that cPG at low concentrations directly impaired DNA binding of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-dependent transactivation. The synthetic analogs dPGA1 or dPGA2 were ineffective, indicating structural specificity of cPG. Thus, the suppression of endothelial CAM up-regulation with cPG is dissociated from cell death sensitization and IKK inhibition above threshold concentrations and related to interference with NF-kappaB binding. Our findings define distinct mechanisms for anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic effects of cPG in endothelial cells.