gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced microstructural integrity of cerebral white matter (2011)

Cigarette smoking doubles the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Various pathophysiological pathways have been proposed to cause such a cognitive decline, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Smoking may affect the microstructural integrity of cerebral white matter. Diffusion tensor imaging is known to be sensitive for microstructural changes in cerebral white matter. We therefore cross-sectionally studied the relation between smoking behaviour (never, former, current) and diffusion tensor imaging parameters in both normal-appearing white matter and white matter lesions as well as the relation between smoking behaviour and cognitive performance. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain the amount and duration of smoking in 503 subjects with small-vessel disease, aged between 50 and 85 years. Cognitive function was assessed with a neuropsychological test battery. All subjects underwent 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Using diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were calculated in both normal-appearing white matter and white matter lesions. A history of smoking was associated with significant higher values of mean diffusivity in normal-appearing white matter and white matter lesions (P-trend for smoking status = 0.02) and with poorer cognitive functioning compared with those who never smoked. Associations with smoking and loss of structural integrity appeared to be strongest in normal-appearing white matter. Furthermore, the duration of smoking cessation was positively related to lower values of mean diffusivity and higher values of fractional anisotropy in normal-appearing white matter [β = -0.004 (95% confidence interval -0.007 to 0.000; P = 0.03) and β = 0.019 (95% confidence interval 0.001-0.038; P = 0.04)]. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values in normal-appearing white matter of subjects who had quit smoking for >20 years were comparable with subjects who had never smoked. These data suggest that smoking affects the microstructural integrity of cerebral white matter and support previous data that smoking is associated with impaired cognition. Importantly, they suggest that quitting smoking may reverse the impaired structural integrity.
The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (11β-HSD2) Expression in Human Trophoblast Cells through Modulation of 11β-HSD2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Stability (2009)

The placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene) has emerged as a key player in controlling fetal development, but its regulation is incompletely understood. Here we identified p38 MAPK as an important regulator of placental 11beta-HSD2. We showed that inhibition of p38 MAPK with the pharmacological inhibitor SB202190 led to an approximately 50% reduction in 11beta-HSD2 activity, protein, and mRNA in primary human placental trophoblast cells. Furthermore, the effect of SB202190 was confirmed by the use of two additional p38 inhibitors, SB203580 and SB220025. In addition, SB202190 decreased the half-life of 11beta-HSD2 mRNA without altering the HSD11B2 promoter activity, indicating that p38 MAPK regulates placental 11beta-HSD2 expression through modulation of 11beta-HSD2 mRNA stability. Importantly, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of p38alpha caused a 50% reduction in 11beta-HSD2 activity, suggesting that p38alpha is the primary p38 isoform involved. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel pathway controlling placental 11beta-HSD2 expression resulting from the activation of p38 MAPK. Given that p38alpha is abundantly expressed in the human placenta in which its function is largely unknown, our present study also reveals 11beta-HSD2 as an important target through which p38alpha may regulate human placental function and consequently fetal growth and development.
GaInAsP/InP Single Quantum-Well Lasers by OMVPE (1987)

Lasing in GaInAsP/InP SCH single-quantum-well lasers is reported for the first time and confirmed by the oscillation wavelength. Threshold current densities were 230 A/cm 2 and 11 kA/cm 2 for CW operation at 77 K and pulsed operation at room temperature, respectively. It was experimentally found important to make the band-gap energy difference between quantum-well and optical confinement layers larger than 0.23 eV in order to confine carriers in the quantum-well layers.
Training Effects of Alternated and Pulsed Currents on the Quadriceps Muscles of Athletes (2018)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks training with different neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) currents (medium alternated and low-frequency pulsed current) on muscle architecture and neuromuscular performance of competitive athletes. A double-blind controlled and randomized experimental study was carried out with 33 athletes (22.2±2.6 yrs, 74.7±9.8 kg, 176.8±6.0 cm), divided into 3 groups: mid-frequency current (MF, n=12), pulsed current (PC, n=11) and the control group (CG, n=10). Quadriceps maximal voluntary peak torque (PT) and corresponding vastus lateralis electromyographic activity, evoked torque (PT-NMES), vastus lateralis muscle thickness, fascicle length, pennation angle, and level of discomfort were assessed before and after the interventions. NMES training was performed 3 times per week and consisted of 18 sessions, 15 min/session, 6 s duration in each contraction interspersed with 18 s rest. After the training period, muscle thickness increased in the MF and PC groups (p<0.05). PT-NMES increased only in the PC group (p<0.05). All currents produced similar levels of discomfort (p>0.05). Quadriceps NMES training applied through alternated or pulsed currents produced similar effects in architecture and neuromuscular performance in competitive athletes.
Iterative reliability-based decoding of low-density parity check codes (2001)

In this paper, reliability based decoding is combined with belief propagation (BP) decoding for low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. At each iteration, the soft output values delivered by the BP algorithm are used as reliability values to perform reduced complexity soft decision decoding of the code considered. This approach allows to bridge the error performance gap between belief propagation decoding which remains suboptimum, and maximum likelihood decoding which is too complex to be implemented for the codes considered. Trade-offs between decoding complexity and error performance are also investigated. In particular, a stopping criterion which reduces the average number of iterations at the expense of very little performance degradation is proposed for this combined decoding approach. Simulation results for several Gallager (1963, 1968) LDPC codes and different set cyclic codes of hundreds of information bits are given and elaborated.
A gesture-based and eyes-free control method for mobile devices (2009)

A novel interaction method for eyes-free control of a mobile phone or a media player is introduced. The method utilizes acceleration sensors along three axes to sense input gestures, such as pointing and tilting. A spherical auditory menu and feedback are provided using speech and 3D sound. A gestural pointing interface, multiple menu configurations, and their implementation details is presented. Evaluation results suggest that fast and accurate selection of menu items is possible without visual feedback. Combining the gestural interface, positions of menu items in 3D and a browsing method with a dynamically adjustable target size of the menu items allow large menus with intuitive, easy access.
Prediction of polymer quality in batch polymerisation reactors using neural networks (1997)

Neural networks are used to learn the relationship between batch recipes and the trajectories of polymer quality variables in batch polymerisation. Given a batch recipe, the trained neural networks can predict polymer quality variables during the course of polymerisation. A main factor affecting prediction accuracy is reactive impurities which commonly exist in industrial polymerisation reactors. The amount of reactive impurities can be estimated online during the initial stage of polymerisation using another neural network. Accurate predictions of polymer quality variables can then be obtained from the effective batch initial conditions. The technique can be used to design optimal batch recipes and to monitor polymerisation processes.
Oxysterol efflux from macrophage foam cells: the essential role of acceptor phospholipid (1999)

Oxidized forms of cholesterol (oxysterols) are present in atherosclerotic lesions and may play an active role in lesion development. For example, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) inhibits cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells induced by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Such oxysterols may promote foam cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions by preventing effective clearance of excess cholesterol. ApoA-I also induces phospholipid (PL) export from foam cells and it has been suggested that cholesterol efflux is dependent upon PL association with the apolipoprotein. In the current study, the effect of oxysterol enrichment of foam cells on phospholipid efflux was measured. Export of cellular PL to apoA-I from 7KC-enriched foam cells was inhibited to the same extent as cholesterol, indicating that the reduced cholesterol export may be a consequence of a decline in the capacity of the foam cells to generate PL/apoA-I particles capable of accepting cellular cholesterol. Incubation of foam cells with pre-formed PL/apoA-I discs increased cholesterol export from 7KC-enriched cells to levels seen in 7KC-free cells. Foam cells produced by uptake of oxidized LDL, which contain similar amounts of 7KC plus other oxidation products, expressed a more profound inhibition of PL export to apoA-I. Cholesterol efflux from these cells improved only partially by provision of PL-containing acceptors. Efflux of 7KC from both foam cell types occurred to PL/apoA-I discs but was only minimal to lipid-free apoA-I, indicating that export of this oxysterol is more dependent than cholesterol upon the presence of extracellular phospholipid.
A linear algorithm for topological bandwidth in degree three trees (1985)

Let G be a graph, and f a one-to-one map of G into the positive integers. The bandwidth ofG is $B(G) = \min _f \max \{ {|f(x) - f(y)|:xy \in E(G)} \}$, where the max is taken over all edges $xy$ in G and the min over all maps f. $B(G)$ is related to the matrix bandwidth $B(M)$ for a symmetric matrix M, and knowledge of the latter parameter is important for the efficient execution of certain matrix operations. The problem of determining $B(G)$ for arbitrary G was shown by Papadimitriou to be NP-complete, and it was subsequently proved NP-complete even when $G \in \Omega $, where $\Omega $ is the set of trees with maximum degree 3. Let $B^ * (G)$ be the minimum possible bandwidth of any subdivision of G, i.e., any graph obtained from G by inserting degree-2 points along edges of G. We present an $O(n)$ algorithm for computing $B^ * (G)$ when $G \in \Omega $.
Assessment of Gross Motor Development in the who Multicentre Growth Reference Study (2004)

The World Health Organization (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference (MGRS) data management protocol was designed to create and manage a large data bank of information collected from multiple sites over a period of several years. Data collection and processing instruments were prepared centrally and used in a standardized fashion across sites. The data management system contained internal validation features for timely detection of data errors, and its standard operating procedures stipulated a method of master file updating and correction that maintained a clear trail for data auditing purposes. Each site was responsible for collecting, entering, verifying, and validating data, and for creating site-level master files. Data from the sites were sent to the MGRS Coordinating Centre every month for master file consolidation and more extensive quality control checking. All errors identified at the Coordinating Centre were communicated to the site for correction at source. The protocol imposed transparency on the sites' data management activities but also ensured access to technical help with operation and maintenance of the system. Through the rigorous implementation of what has been a highly demanding protocol, the MGRS has accumulated a large body of very high-quality data.
The Effects of Prosthetic Foot Roll-Over Shape Arc Length on the Gait of Trans-Tibial Prosthesis Users (2006)

The Shape&Roll prosthetic foot was used to examine the effect of roll-over shape arc length on the gait of 14 unilateral trans-tibial prosthesis users. Simple modifications to the prosthetic foot were used to alter the effective forefoot rocker length, leaving factors such as alignment, limb length, and heel and mid-foot characteristics unchanged. Shortening the roll-over shape arc length caused a significant reduction in the maximum external dorsiflexion moment on the prosthetic side at all walking speeds (p < 0.001 for main effect of arc length), due to a reduction in forefoot leverage (moment arm) about the ankle. Roll-over shape arc length significantly affected the initial loading on the sound limb at normal and fast speeds (p = 0.001 for the main effect of arc length), with participants experiencing larger first peaks of vertical ground reaction forces on their sound limbs when using the foot with the shortest effective forefoot rocker arc length. Additionally, the difference between step lengths on the sound and prosthetic limbs was larger with the shortest arc length condition, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06 for main effect). It appears that prosthesis users may experience a drop-off effect at the end of single limb stance on prosthetic feet with short roll-over shape arc lengths, leading to increased loading and/or a shortened step on the contralateral limb.
Field-testing IMPACT EPIC research results in Itanium 2 (2004)

Explicitly-Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) providesarchitectural features, including predication and explicitcontrol speculation, intended to enhance the compiler'sability to expose instruction-level parallelism (ILP) incontrol-intensive programs. Aggressive structural transformationsusing these features, though described in theliterature, have not yet been fully characterized in completesystems. Using the Intel Itanium 2 microprocessor,the SPECint2000 benchmarks and the IMPACT Compilerfor IA-64, a research compiler competitive with thebest commercial compilers on the platform, we providean in situ evaluation of code generated using aggressive,EPIC-enabled techniques in a reality-constrained microarchitecture.Our work shows a 1.13 average speedup(up to 1.50) due to these compilation techniques, relativeto traditionally-optimized code at the same inlining andpointer analysis levels, and a 1.55 speedup (up to 2.30) relativeto GNU GCC, a solid traditional compiler. Detailedresults show that the structural compilation approach providesbenefits far beyond a decrease in branch mispredictionpenalties and that it both positively and negatively impactsinstruction cache performance. We also demonstratethe increasing significance of runtime effects, such as datacache and TLB, in determining end performance and theinteraction of these effects with control speculation.
Investigations of Polyelectrolyte Adsorption at the Solid/Liquid Interface by Sum Frequency Spectroscopy:  Evidence for Long-Range Macromolecular Alignment at Highly Charged Quartz/Water Interfaces (2002)

IR-visible sum frequency spectroscopy (SFS) was employed to investigate the molecular level details of the adsorption of the positively charged polyelectrolyte, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA), at the quartz/water interface. Below pH 9.0, signal from the interfacial water structure was visible, but none from the adsorbed polymer could be detected. This indicated that the PDDA was not well enough aligned at the interface under these conditions to elicit a sum frequency response. At more basic pH values (>or=9.6), however, adsorbed PDDA molecules became well-ordered as indicated by the presence of CH stretch peaks from methylene and methyl groups. The intensities of the CH stretch modes were independent of the adsorbed amount of PDDA at pH 12.3 but decreased as the pH of the bulk solution was lowered. The conditions for polymer alignment fell outside the parameters where layer-by-layer growth of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes was possible because the net charge on the surface under high pH conditions remained negative.
Sensitivity of the loading margin to voltage collapse with respect to arbitrary parameters (1997)

Power system loading margin is a fundamental measure of a system's proximity to voltage collapse. Linear and quadratic estimates to the variation of the loading margin with respect to any power system parameter or control are derived. Tests with a 118-bus system indicate that the estimates accurately predict the quantitative effect on the loading margin of altering the system loading, reactive power support, wheeling, load model parameters, line susceptance and generator dispatch. The accuracy of the estimates over a useful range and the ease of obtaining the linear estimate suggest that this method will be of practical value in avoiding power system voltage collapse.
Definitions of terms relating to reactions of polymers and to functional polymeric materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2003) (2004)

Abstract The document defines the terms most commonly encountered in the field of polymer reactions and functional polymers. The scope has been limited to terms that are specific to polymer systems. The document is organized into three sections. The first defines the terms relating to reactions of polymers. Names of individual chemical reactions are omitted from the document, even in cases where the reactions are important in the field of polymer reactions. The second section defines the terms relating to polymer reactants and reactive polymeric materials. The third section defines the terms describing functional polymeric materials.
Germany Strengthening Commercial Ties in Far East (1936)

Other| April 22 1936 Germany Strengthening Commercial Ties in Far East J. R. S. J. R. S. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1936) 5 (9): 89–90. https://doi.org/10.2307/3021669 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. R. S.; Germany Strengthening Commercial Ties in Far East. Far Eastern Survey 22 April 1936; 5 (9): 89–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3021669 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A double-blind comparison of Org 3770, amitriptyline, and placebo in major depression. (1995)

In this study, Org 3770 was as effective as amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression, with advantages regarding improvements of depressed mood (HAM-D Item 1), responder rates, and safety.
Subcarrier multiple access for passive optical networks and comparison to other multiple access techniques (2002)

Subcarrier multiple access (SCMA) is described. It is a flexible access technique for passive optical networks (PONs), both for fiber-to-the home and fiber-to-the curb architectures. The main advantages of SCMA are the independence of the channels, which yields flexibility with respect to modulation format and evolution scenario, and the absence of synchronization between the different subscribers. Some results of SCMA experiments are presented. The capability of broadband channels is discussed, taking into account the optical interference effect. A comparison is made with other access techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predictor-Corrector Reentry Guidance Algorithm with Path Constraints for Atmospheric Entry Vehicles (2007)

The problem of reentry guidance for an atmospheric entry vehicle is taken up for the study with focus on the evolution of a guidance strategy, which satisfies both terminal and path constraints. For this purpose, the numerical predictor-corrector approach is adopted, and an algorithm, based on real-time trajectory planning, is presented. The proposed guidance algorithm generates a feasible trajectory at each guidance cycle during the reentry flight, which is a function of the reference trajectory generated at the previous cycle and the measured parameter dispersions. The predictor steering program includes the bank reversal philosophy, and the corrector algorithm is formulated based on two control parameters and two terminal constraints. The path constraints on heat rate, aerodynamic load, and dynamic pressure are implemented as part of the predictor-corrector algorithm, by designing a control law for following the allowable drag and drag rate profiles. This control law is implemented through steering corrections in each predictor step, which ensures that each predicted trajectory satisfies the path constraints. The performance results for nominal and dispersed cases show that the algorithm steers a typical entry vehicle along a feasible 3-D trajectory, which satisfies both terminal and path constraints.
Effect of high pressure deuterium annealing on electrical and reliability characteristics of MOSFETs with high-k gate dielectric (2005)

To completely passivate the interface states of high-k gate dielectrics, we have developed a new high-pressure (up to 100 atm), pure (100%) hydrogen annealing system. Compared with the control (1 atm) forming gas (H/sub 2//Ar=4%/96%) annealed sample, high pressure (5-20 atm), pure H/sub 2/ annealing of nMOSFETs at 400/spl deg/C shows 10-15% improvement in linear drain current (I/sub d/) and maximum transconductance (g/sub m,max/). Compared with hydrogen annealing, D/sub 2/ annealed samples exhibit longer hot carrier lifetime. By optimizing the process parameters, we are able to improve both device performance and reliability characteristics.
Extensional deformation, cohesive failure, and boundary conditions during sharkskin melt fracture (2002)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation K. B. Migler, Y. Son, F. Qiao, K. Flynn; Extensional deformation, cohesive failure, and boundary conditions during sharkskin melt fracture. J. Rheol. 1 March 2002; 46 (2): 383–400. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1445186 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search