gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological Transitions in an I<sub>2</sub>S Simple Graft Block Copolymer:  From Folded Sheets to Folded Lace to Randomly Oriented Worms at Equilibrium (1996)

A new equilibrium morphology consisting of randomly oriented wormlike micelles dispersed in a continuous matrix is observed in a neat, strongly segregated I2S simple graft block copolymer. The equilibrium nature of the worm phase is determined via a set of selective solvent casting and prolonged annealing experiments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments on quenched samples allow a unique opportunity to directly observe the transition of a kinetically trapped, nonequilibrium folded-layer morphology, formed by casting the sample with a solvent selective for polyisoprene (PI), into the equilibrium, randomly oriented worm phase through an intermediate folded-lace morphology. The folded-lace intermediate is similar to the “mesh” structure previously observed by Hashimoto et al. in starblock/homopolymer blends.1 The simple graft block copolymer, formed by grafting a single polystyrene (PS) chain onto the center of a polyisoprene backbone, introduces a 2:1 PI/PS arm number asymmetry in the microphase separated state. The 0.81 volume fraction of the PS graft is theoretically predicted2 to be the first volume fraction of graft large enough to force the two PI arms per molecule to the concave side of the PI/PS interface in the microphase separated state. This unique volume fraction, coupled with the novel graft architecture, seems to frustrate the system from choosing a lattice during the microphase separation process.
Magnetic detection of a surface ship by an airborne LTS SQUID MAD (2001)

A three-axis LTS SQUID magnetometer was fabricated as a Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD) onboard an aircraft. A magnetometer measuring magnetic total field, which is rotational invariant, is suitable for performing distant target detection in unshielded mobile operation. To configure the magnetometer, several requirements for the SQUID magnetometer had to be considered such as ultra wide dynamic range above 150 dB, extremely accurate linearity and orthogonality of the three-axis. The magnetic vector component with the sufficient dynamic range was obtained by synthesizing the SQUID output voltage and the counts of SQUID's flux-voltage (/spl Phi/-v) periodicity. The magnetic total field was obtained from the three magnetic vector components using our scalar composition algorithm that corrects the non-orthogonality and so on. The compensation algorithm with quadratic form of permanent, inductive and eddy-current magnetism was used to suppress the magnetic noise caused by the platform manoeuver. Our SQUID MAD was designed to implement the procedures mentioned above in real-time. The SQUID MAD was equipped in the tail boom of the aircraft and its performance was evaluated in the flight tests. We confirmed that our SQUID MAD provided extremely high sensitivity in flight by suppressing the magnetic noise, and successfully detected a distant surface ship.
Dynamic image interpretation of MRI of the breast (2000)

Dynamic breast MRI provides information on both lesion cross-sectional morphology and functional lesion features such as vascularity/perfusion and vessel permeability. This review gives an overview of the historical background of dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI. It explains the technique's pathophysiological basis, describes the various technical approaches that have been pursued and the corresponding interpretation guidelines that have been proposed (including their respective diagnostic accuracies), and presents established and evolving clinical applications of the "dynamic approach" to breast MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:965-974.
Aggressive flight maneuvers (2002)

We present a strategy for obtaining aggressive flight maneuvers similar to what might be produced by a pilot. We use a highly simplified aircraft model that can account for the lift/drag and thrust characteristics of an aircraft under consideration. When thrust is considered an input, this model is differentially flat (and dynamically feedback linearizable) so that the system can be made to follow any reasonable trajectory. Most trajectories will require significant movement of the throttle. Except in close formation, a pilot does not tend to make rapid throttle adjustments. Indeed, many maneuvers are accomplished using a fixed throttle position. The objective is to fly a desired path rather than a (time indexed) trajectory. Although the aircraft model with throttle fixed (thrust predetermined) is no longer differentially flat, we show that the system can still be made to follow any reasonable path. Roughly speaking, an appropriate derivative of the path parametrization variable acts as the missing control allowing flatness-like results to be obtained.
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for plasmas at elevated pressures (2002)

A tuneable diode laser with external cavity in Littrow-configuration was used to probe the 2P6— is5 transition (823,163 nm) and the 2p5 — 1s4 transition (828,012 nm) of xenon in plasmas at elevated pressure, produced by a dielectric barrier discharge and a miniaturized hollow cathode discharge. These discharges where investigated in pure xenon atmosphere and partly in xenon-helium mixtures. After the description of the method a number of examples illustrating the use of diode lasers in plasma diagnostics by means of the absorption technique is presented. From these absorption measurements the optical depth of that above named xenon transitions correlating to the particle number density of the resonant and metastable level were calculated. By observing the afterglow phase in pulsed driven discharges, decay rates can be determined which are specific for various elementary processes. Comparing the obtained decay rates with those from literature fixes the correlated processes. Results of the time behavior of the optical depth show that the late time afterglow is governed by three body collision with neutral xenon atoms. From the spectrally-resolved absorption line-shapes particle number densities of the metastable level and their temperature were determined in a small sized hollow cathode discharge.
Clinical use and research applications of Heidelberg retinal angiography and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography – a review (2009)

Fluorescein angiography (FA) was discovered by Nowotny and Alvis in the 1960s of the 20th century and has evolved to become the 'Gold standard' for macular diagnostics. Scanning laser imaging technology achieved enhancement of contrast and resolution. The combined Heidelberg retina angiograph (HRA2) adds novel innovative features to established fundus cameras. The principle of confocal scanning laser imaging provides a high resolution of retinal and choroidal vasculature with low light exposure providing comfort and safety for the patient. Enhanced contrast, details and image sharpness image are generated using confocality. For the visualization of the choroid an indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is the most suitable application. The main indications for ICGA are age-related macular degeneration, choroidal polypoidal vasculopathy and choroidal haemangiomas. Simultaneous digital FA and ICGA images with three-dimensional resolution offer improved diagnosis of retinal and choroidal pathologies. High-speed ICGA dynamic imaging can identify feeder vessels and retinal choroidal anastomoses, ensuring safer treatment of choroidal neovascularization. Autofluorescence imaging and fundus reflectance imaging with blue and infrared light offer new follow-up parameters for retinal diseases. Finally, the real-time optical coherence tomography provides a new level of accuracy for assessment of the angiographic and morphological correlation. The combination of various macular diagnostic tools, such as infrared, blue reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, FA, ICGA and also spectral domain optical coherence tomography, lead to a better understanding and improved knowledge of macular diseases.
On-line signature verification: discrimination emphasised (2002)

The paper presents an online signature verification system, based on 3D force patterns and pen inclination angles, as recorded during signing. The feature extraction mechanism is based on the well known elastic matching technique. In contradiction to previous work in the same area however, we emphasise the importance of the final step in the process: the discrimination based on the extracted features. We show that by choosing the right discrimination approach we are able to improve the quality of the entire verification process drastically. The techniques we compare for discrimination, however, are not specific to signature verification, but should be considered carefully in every process where a classification decision is made from a set of parameters.
Learning and Verification of Feedback Control Systems using Feedforward Neural Networks (2018)

We present an approach to learn and formally verify feedback laws for data-driven models of neural networks. Neural networks are emerging as powerful and general data-driven representations for functions. This has led to their increased use in data-driven plant models and the representation of feedback laws in control systems. However, it is hard to formally verify properties of such feedback control systems. The proposed learning approach uses a receding horizon formulation that samples from the initial states and disturbances to enforce properties such as reachability, safety and stability. Next, our verification approach uses an over-approximate reachability analysis over the system, supported by range analysis for feedforward neural networks. We report promising results obtained by applying our techniques on several challenging nonlinear dynamical systems.
Control of Marek's Disease in the Netherlands. II. Field Trials on Vaccination with an Avirulent Strain (CVI 988) of Marek's Disease Virus (1972)

Bart H. Rispens, Hans van Vloten, Nel Mastenbroek, Hendrick J. L. Maas, Karel A. Schat, Control of Marek's Disease in the Netherlands. II. Field Trials on Vaccination with an Avirulent Strain (CVI 988) of Marek's Disease Virus, Avian Diseases, Vol. 16, No. 1, Control of Marek's Disease (Apr., 1972), pp. 126-138
Determination of Phase Boundary Between Kornelite and Pentahydrated Ferric Sulfate by Humidity Buffer Technique and Raman Spectroscopy at 0.1 Mpa (2010)

FERRIC SULFATE BY HUMIDITY BUFFER TECHNIQUE AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AT 0.1 MPa. W. G. Kong, Alian Wang and I-Ming Chou Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA (gavink@levee.wustl.edu), 2 School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China. 3 954 National Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, U.S.A.
Enantiospecific syntheses of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, and [14,15-3H2]leukotriene E4 dimethyl ester (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiospecific syntheses of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, and [14,15-3H2]leukotriene E4 dimethyl esterNoal Cohen, Bruce L. Banner, Rocco J. Lopresti, Frederick Wong, Michael Rosenberger, Yu Ying Liu, Edna Thom, and Arnold A. LiebmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 11, 3661–3672Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00349a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00349a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1734Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acute haemodynamic effects of diltiazem in patients with recent Q-wave myocardial infarction (1988)

The effects of diltiazem on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were studied in 14 patients with a recent (12-20 days) Q-wave myocardial infarction. Left ventriculography with simultaneous recording of high-fidelity left ventricular pressure was performed in control conditions, and after i.v. administration of diltiazem (0.2 mg kg-1 as a bolus followed by constant infusion of 0.005 mg kg-1 min-1 lasting 8-10 min). After the administration of the drug, left ventricular systolic pressure decreased by 12.7% and mean circumferential wall stress by 14% (both P less than 0.01); the heart rate did not change; the ejection fraction increased by 9.6% (P less than 0.05) and maximum dP/dt/P by 11% (P less than 0.01). Quantitative segmental wall motion analysis showed that the beneficial effects of diltiazem on global left ventricular systolic function were associated with an increase in contraction in hypokinetic regions, where they were supplied by normal or diseased coronary vessels (both P less than 0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased by 23.6% (P less than 0.05) and minimal diastolic pressure by 38% (P less than 0.05). Passive diastolic properties of the left ventricular chamber remained unaltered but isovolumic relaxation markedly improved: the T constant decreased 26% (P less than 0.01). Thus, in patients with a recent Q-wave myocardial infarction, the i.v. administration of diltiazem unloads the left ventricular chamber without showing depressant effects on myocardial contractility.
Delay analysis of the FDDI synchronous data class (2002)

An analytical model is applied to predict the performance of the FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) network in satisfying the delay constraints on the synchronous-class data frames. An example which illustrates the application of the analytic work and provides insight into the relationships between network performance and the negotiated parameter values of the FDDI protocol is given. In particular, the example demonstrates that while the current FDDI priority scheme guarantees a station will receive the token within a specified time, it does not guarantee that all waiting synchronous packets will meet their deadlines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acoustic Events and “Optophonic” Cochlear Responses Induced by Pulsed Near-Infrared LASER (2011)

Optical stimulation of neural tissue within the cochlea was described as a possible alternative to electrical stimulation. Most optical stimulation was performed with pulsed lasers operating with near-infrared (NIR) light and in thermal confinement. Under these conditions, the coexistence of laser-induced optoacoustic stimulation of the cochlea ("optophony") has not been analyzed yet. This study demonstrates that pulsed 1850-nm laser light used for neural stimulation also results in sound pressure levels up to 62 dB peak-to-peak equivalent sound pressure level (SPL) in air. The sound field was confined to a small volume along the laser beam. In dry nitrogen, laser-induced acoustic events disappeared. Hydrophone measurements demonstrated pressure waves for laser fibers immersed in water. In hearing rats, laser-evoked signals were recorded from the cochlea without targeting neural tissue. The signals showed a two-domain response differing in amplitude and latency functions, as well as sensitivity to white-noise masking. The first component had characteristics of a cochlear microphonic potential, and the second component was characteristic for a compound action potential. The present data demonstrate that laser-evoked acoustic events can stimulate a hearing cochlea. Whenever optical stimulation is used, care must be taken to distinguish between such "optophony" and the true optoneural response.
Targeting the <i>AIB1</i> Oncogene through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition in the Mammary Gland (2006)

Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), an estrogen receptor (ER) coactivator, is frequently amplified or overexpressed in human breast cancer. We previously developed a transgenic mouse model in which AIB1 can act as an oncogene, giving rise to a premalignant hyperplastic mammary phenotype as well as to a high incidence of mammary tumors that are primarily ER(+). In this model, the AIB1 transgene is responsible for continued activation of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, suggesting a role for the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the premalignant phenotype and tumor development. Here we show that treatment of AIB1 transgenic mice with the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 reverts the premalignant phenotype. Furthermore, treatment of cell lines derived from AIB1-dependent mammary tumors with RAD001 in culture leads to a G(1) cell cycle arrest. Lastly, tumor growth after injection of ER(+) AIB1 tumor cell lines into wild-type animals is inhibited by RAD001 treatment. In this ER(+) model, inhibition of tumor growth by RAD001 was significantly better than inhibition by the antiestrogen 4-hydroxytamoxifen alone, whereas a combination of both RAD001 and 4-hydroxytamoxifen was most effective. Based on these results, we propose that the combination of mTOR inhibition and ER-targeted endocrine therapy may improve the outcome of the subset of ER(+) breast cancers overexpressing AIB1. These studies provide preclinical support for the clinical development of RAD001 and suggest that AIB1 may be a predictive factor of RAD001 response.
The synthesis of robust model predictive control with QP formulation (2011)

For uncertain systems with polytopic description, two synthesis approaches of closed-loop robust model predictive control (CRMPC) are proposed. The proposed CRMPC controllers are formulated as a quadratic programming (QP) problem to reduce the online computational burden. By adopting the dual-mode control and extending the interpolation method, the time-varying terminal set is introduced into CRMPC with QP formulation. Meanwhile, the tighter upper bound of control performance is utilised. Due to these two factors, the proposed CRMPC can achieve large attractive region and improved control performance with low online computational burden.
TCP Congestion Avoidance Algorithm Identification (2011)

The Internet has recently been evolving from homogeneous congestion control to heterogeneous congestion control. Several years ago, Internet traffic was mainly controlled by the traditional AIMD algorithm, whereas Internet traffic is now controlled by many different TCP algorithms, such as AIMD, BIC, CUBIC, and CTCP. However, there is very little work on the performance and stability study of the Internet with heterogeneous congestion control. One fundamental reason is the lack of the deployment information of different TCP algorithms. In this paper, we first propose a tool called TCP Congestion Avoidance Algorithm Identification (CAAI) for actively identifying the TCP algorithm of a remote web server. CAAI can identify all default TCP algorithms (i.e., AIMD, BIC, CUBIC, and CTCP) and most non-default TCP algorithms of major operating system families. We then present, for the first time, the CAAI measurement result of the 5000 most popular web servers. Among the web servers with valid traces, we found that only 16.85~25.58\% of web servers still use the traditional AIMD, 44.51\% of web servers use BIC or CUBIC, and 10.27$\sim$19\% of web servers use CTCP. In addition, we found that, for the first time, some web servers use non-default TCP algorithms, some web servers use some unknown TCP algorithms which are not available in any major operating system family, and some web servers use abnormal slow start algorithms. Our CAAI measurement results show a strong sign that the majority of TCP flows are not controlled by AIMD anymore, and a strong sign that the Internet congestion control has already changed from homogeneous to highly heterogeneous.
Investigating Pre-service Mathematics Teachers' Geometric Problem Solving Process in Dynamic Geometry Environment (2013)

The aim of this study is to investigate pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ open geometric problem solving process in a Dynamic Geometry Environment. With its qualitative inquiry based research design employed, the participants of the study are three pre-service teachers from 4th graders of the Department of Elementary Mathematics Teaching. In this study, clinical interviews, screencaptures of the problem solving process in the Cabri Geomery Environment, and worksheets included 2 open geometry problems have been used to collect the data. It has been investigated that all the participants passed through similar recursive phases as construction, exploration, conjecture, validate, and justification in the problem solving process. It has been thought that this study provide a new point of view to curriculum developers, teachers and researchers
The Biocide Chlorine Dioxide Stimulates Biofilm Formation in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>by Activation of the Histidine Kinase KinC (2010)

Bacillus subtilis forms biofilms in response to signals that remain poorly defined. We report that biofilm formation is stimulated by sublethal doses of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)), an extremely effective and fast-acting biocide. ClO(2) accelerated biofilm formation in B. subtilis as well as in other bacteria, suggesting that biofilm formation is a widely conserved response to sublethal doses of the agent. Biofilm formation depends on the synthesis of an extracellular matrix that holds the constituent cells together. We show that the transcription of the major operons responsible for the matrix production in B. subtilis, epsA-epsO and yqxM-sipW-tasA, was enhanced by ClO(2), in a manner that depended on the membrane-bound kinase KinC. Activation of KinC appeared to be due to the ability of ClO(2) to collapse the membrane potential. Importantly, strains unable to make a matrix were hypersensitive to ClO(2), indicating that biofilm formation is a defensive response that helps protect cells from the toxic effects of the biocide.