gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model and Architecture of a Timing Service for Adaptive Policy-Based Management Systems (2006)

Policy-based management (PBM) is a promising approach to realize adaptivity in networks that would be hard - if not impossible - for administrators to configure manually. In PBM systems, the network configuration is not directly expressed in terms of low-level properties, such as IP or MAC addresses; rather, complex business entities, such as users or departments, can be defined and allow the administrators to specify high-level network policies. Even though PBM can reduce the effort for managing complex networks significantly, today's solutions lack a generic way for expressing adaptive policies. A PBM system can be called adaptive if the decision of when and in which order policies are activated is not only based on fixed predefined dates but the system also takes environmental and internal events into account. In this paper we describe a model of adaptive timing constraints and introduce an architecture for executing timing specifications (sets of constraints). Within a timing specification, the administrator usually creates single constraints only implicitly by defining the lifetime of managed resources, sequences of events, and high- level temporal relationships between them. Because each timing constraint defines a < relation between two single events, a timing specification can be described as a partial ordering of events over the event space. During execution, a timing service triggers PBM systems to activate, inactivate, or adapt management policies according to the timing specification.
Traffic classification-based spam filter (2006)

We propose an unsupervised spam filter called Bulk Mail Traffic Classification (BMTC) for filtering junk mails from the perspective of ISPs. Our insight is that spammers generally sent mass unsolicited emails with few alterations to a common message content, which can be found at an extensive traffic environment. In our approach, we classify email delivery traffic into different categories by the similarity of message contents. Then we can decide whether or not a particular email category is spam by the number of similar mails of this category and take measures to filter it. We also design a simulator, two sketches data structure, and a series of algorithms to support our method. We have applied BMTC to email traffic data captured at one of the largest commercial Internet service providers in China, and the experimental result indicates that a 70.4% reduction of emails can be achieved with our method. The results also show that BMTC is practical. We can implement it in a high-volume traffic environment handling over millions of mails every day with small memory consumption.
CHEMICAL REACTION DYNAMICS BEYOND THE BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION (1998)

To predict the branching between energetically allowed product channels, chemists often rely on statistical transition state theories or exact quantum scattering calculations on a single adiabatic potential energy surface. The potential energy surface gives the energetic barriers to each chemical reaction and allows prediction of the reaction rates. Yet, chemical reactions evolve on a single potential energy surface only if, in simple terms, the electronic wavefunction can evolve from the reactant electronic configuration to the product electronic configuration on a time scale that is fast compared to the nuclear dynamics through the transition state. The experiments reviewed here investigate how the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation at a barrier along an adiabatic reaction coordinate can alter the dynamics of and the expected branching between molecular dissociation pathways. The work reviewed focuses on three questions that have come to the forefront with recent theory and experiments: Which classes of chemical reactions evidence dramatic nonadiabatic behavior that influences the branching between energetically allowed reaction pathways? How do the intramolecular distance and orientation between the electronic orbitals involved influence the nonadiabaticity in the reaction? How can the detailed nuclear dynamics mediate the effective nonadiabatic coupling encountered in a chemical reaction?
Isotropic Permalloy Films (1963)

Magnetically isotropic Permalloy films have been prepared by evaporation or vacuum-annealing in a 50-cps rotating field of crossed pairs of Helmholtz coils. The magnetization reversal in magnetically isotropic films is similar to that of films with uniaxial anisotropy in the hard axis or that of inverted films (Hc&gt;Hk) in the easy and the hard axis. This is shown by hysteresis measurements on 25 film-matrix patterns and by electron micrographs. At zero field the magnetic structure is caused by the film inhomogeneities and by the wall and edge stray fields. The locked state characterized by a domain splitting perpendicular to the applied field occurs when the reversed field is increased. Locking disappears at the coercive field strength by migration of Bloch lines on the Néel walls. Locking by partial rotation is not possible with Hk=0. Maze-like domains occurring in an increasing field applied obliquely or perpendicularly to the previous saturation direction are caused by stray field coupling between strips of varying magnetization direction already present at zero field.
Establishing High Confidence in Code Implementations of Algorithms using Formal Verification of Pseudocode (2006)

Using a theorem prover to establish that a body of code correctly implements an algorithm is a task seldom undertaken because the effort required tends to be prohibitive. Direct reasoning about code in a particular programming language requires that some version of the language's semantics-e.g., axiomatic, operational, denotational-be used to determine the program correctness assertions to establish with the theorem prover. Any scheme for generating correctness assertions will be language-specific, and for languages with complex constructs, can be complex to implement and use. Direct reasoning about algorithms using a theorem prover can be not just difficult, but impossible, if the algorithms are (as is typical) specified using informal pseudocode. This paper provides high confidence in the correctness of an algorithm's implementation. The scheme uses formal pseudocode specifications, in a restricted language of while programs with (probably recursive) procedure calls, to bridge from algorithm specifications to implementations in code. Each block of formal pseudocode is verified in the theorem prover PVS by translating it into a state machine model and proving a set of state invariants. High confidence in implementation correctness is achieved by combining verification of the pseudocode with traceability arguments relating the algorithm specification to the pseudocode representation and the pseudocode representation to the actual code.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Juxtarenal Masses (1972)

A procedure for routine ultrasonic scanning in search for juxtarenal masses is described. Experience gained in the practical use of the method is communicated. It is concluded that juxtarenal masses such as adrenal tumours and other retroperitoneal tumours, abscesses and haematomas at a size of 3–4 cm or more are demonstrable ultra-sonically with a fair degree of accuracy.
Exploring Uncertainty in Geodemographics with Interactive Graphics (2011)

Geodemographic classifiers characterise populations by categorising geographical areas according to the demographic and lifestyle characteristics of those who live within them. The dimension-reducing quality of such classifiers provides a simple and effective means of characterising population through a manageable set of categories, but inevitably hides heterogeneity, which varies within and between the demographic categories and geographical areas, sometimes systematically. This may have implications for their use, which is widespread in government and commerce for planning, marketing and related activities. We use novel interactive graphics to delve into OAC--a free and open geodemographic classifier that classifies the UK population in over 200,000 small geographical areas into 7 super-groups, 21 groups and 52 sub-groups. Our graphics provide access to the original 41 demographic variables used in the classification and the uncertainty associated with the classification of each geographical area on-demand. It also supports comparison geographically and by category. This serves the dual purpose of helping understand the classifier itself leading to its more informed use and providing a more comprehensive view of population in a comprehensible manner. We assess the impact of these interactive graphics on experienced OAC users who explored the details of the classification, its uncertainty and the nature of between--and within--class variation and then reflect on their experiences. Visualization of the complexities and subtleties of the classification proved to be a thought-provoking exercise both confirming and challenging users' understanding of population, the OAC classifier and the way it is used in their organisations. Users identified three contexts for which the techniques were deemed useful in the context of local government, confirming the validity of the proposed methods.
Using unlocated fingerprints in generation of WLAN maps for indoor positioning (2012)

This paper presents five methods for generation of WLAN maps for indoor positioning using crowdsourced fingerprints. A fingerprint is assumed to contain identifiers of WLAN access points, received signal strength values and, if the fingerprint is collected outdoors, a GPS position. The proposed methods use the fingerprints' information to generate a WLAN map that contains estimated access point locations. Two of the proposed methods use RSS values in access point location estimation. In our evaluation with simulations and with real data, the Access Point Least Squares method, which does not use RSS information, is the fastest and its accuracy is as good as more complex methods that use RSS information.
Double‐Helical Silicon Microtubes (2010)

A new twist on semiconductors: The evaporation of Na from ionic intermetallic NaSi at 800 °C leads to the formation of double-helical silicon microtubes. The tubes have nanogranular or smooth surfaces and a twinned structure with voids in the tube wall. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of the double-helical microtubes.
New parallel Hough transform for circles (1991)

The Hough transform is a well known medium-level image recognition technique for the detection of curves. The conventional Hough technique [1, 2] requires a three-dimensional accumulator array (AA) for the detection of circles. Because shape parameterisation and data structure of the accumulator array significantly affect the memory space and computation loading requirements of any hardware or software realisation, they should be carefully selected for any fast and efficient algorithm. A new scheme which uses only a pair of two-dimensional accumulator arrays to reduce the storage and computation time by an order of magnitude or more is proposed. This new scheme is capable of discriminating multiple (including concentric) circles in a complex real life image with a recognition rate of 95–100%. Various parallel realisations of this Hough scheme for circles on a general purpose MIMD (a reconfigurable transputer network) machine are discussed and a comparison of their performances with the conventional approach on the basis of execution time and recognition rate is presented.
New extensions of the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane route to prostaglandins (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew extensions of the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane route to prostaglandinsJasjit S. Bindra, A. Grodski, Thomas K. Schaaf, and E. J. CoreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 22, 7522–7523Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00803a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00803a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views836Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The VIA Annotation Software for Images, Audio and Video (2019)

In this paper, we introduce a simple and standalone manual annotation tool for images, audio and video: the VGG Image Annotator (VIA). This is a light weight, standalone and offline software package that does not require any installation or setup and runs solely in a web browser. The VIA software allows human annotators to define and describe spatial regions in images or video frames, and temporal segments in audio or video. These manual annotations can be exported to plain text data formats such as JSON and CSV and therefore are amenable to further processing by other software tools. VIA also supports collaborative annotation of a large dataset by a group of human annotators. The BSD open source license of this software allows it to be used in any academic project or commercial application.
Carbonyl-Amplified Catalyst Performance: Balancing Stability against Activity for Five-Coordinate Ruthenium Hydride and Hydridocarbonyl Catalysts (2008)

The activity of RuHCl(H2)(PCy3)(L) 2a/b and RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)(L) 3a/b (a: L = PCy3; b: L = IMes; IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) was assessed in hydrogenation of a range of molecular and polymeric olefins and in hydrogenation and isomerization of allylbenzene. Elevated temperatures and/or high H2 pressures are required for efficient hydrogenation. Under these conditions, 3a/b outperform their dihydrogen analogues in both total productivity and turnover frequencies, despite theoretical and experimental evidence that the π-acid CO ligand should be deactivating. A thermolysis study reveals that the CO complexes are much less susceptible to deactivation under conditions relevant to catalysis (also, the IMes derivative 2b is shorter-lived than 2a). We attribute the superior performance of 3a/b to their greater stability, which maintains higher concentrations of active catalyst than that possible for their H2 analogues over the time scale of hydrogenation.
Visualizing multi-dimensional data (2000)

article Free Access Share on Visualizing multi-dimensional data Author: Stephen G. Eick Visual Insights, Inc. Visual Insights, Inc.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 34Issue 1February 2000pp 61–67https://doi.org/10.1145/563788.604454Published:01 February 2000Publication History 38citation411DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations38Total Downloads411Last 12 Months162Last 6 weeks32 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mapping the Challenges of Magnesium Battery (2016)

Rechargeable Mg battery has been considered a major candidate as a beyond lithium ion battery technology, which is apparent through the tremendous works done in the field over the past decades. The challenges for realization of Mg battery are complicated, multidisciplinary, and the tremendous work done to overcome these challenges is very hard to organize in a regular review paper. Additionally, we claim that organization of the huge amount of information accumulated by the great scientific progress achieved by various groups in the field will shed the light on the unexplored research domains and give clear perspectives and guidelines for next breakthrough to take place. In this Perspective, we provide a convenient map of Mg battery research in a form of radar chart of Mg electrolytes, which evaluates the electrolyte under the important components of Mg batteries. The presented radar charts visualize the accumulated knowledge on Mg battery and allow for navigation of not only the current research state but also future perspective of Mg battery at a glance.
Self-Focusing and the Talbot Effect in Conformal Transformation Optics (2017)

Transformation optics has been used to propose various novel optical devices. With the help of metamaterials, several intriguing designs, such as invisibility cloaks, have been implemented. However, as the basic units should be much smaller than the working wavelengths to achieve the effective material parameters, and the sizes of devices should be much larger than the wavelengths of illumination to work within the light-ray approximation, it is a big challenge to implement an experimental system that works simultaneously for both geometric optics and wave optics. In this Letter, by using a gradient-index microstructured optical waveguide, we realize a device of conformal transformation optics (CTO) and demonstrate its self-focusing property for geometry optics and the Talbot effect for wave optics. In addition, the Talbot effect in such a system has a potential application to transfer digital information without diffraction. Our findings demonstrate the photon controlling ability of CTO in a feasible experiment system.
Position Paper on Fatal Abusive Head Injuries in Infants and Young Children (2001)

This article represents the work of the National Association of Medical Examiners Ad Hoc Committee on shaken baby syndrome. Abusive head injuries include injuries caused by shaking as well as impact to the head, either by directly striking the head or by causing the head to strike another object or surface. Because of anatomic and developmental differences in the brain and skull of the young child, the mechanisms and types of injuries that affect the head differ from those that affect the older child or adult. The mechanism of injury produced by inflicted head injuries in these children is most often rotational movement of the brain within the cranial cavity. Rotational movement of the brain damages the nervous system by creating shearing forces, which cause diffuse axonal injury with disruption of axons and tearing of bridging veins, which causes subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages, and is very commonly associated with retinal schisis and hemorrhages. Recognition of this mechanism of injury may be helpful in severe acute rotational brain injuries because it facilitates understanding of such clinical features as the decrease in the level of consciousness and respiratory distress seen in these injured children. The pathologic findings of subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages are offered as "markers" to assist in the recognition of the presence of shearing brain injury in young children.
Quantum flux parametron: a single quantum flux device for Josephson supercomputer (1991)

A quantum flux parametron (QFP), a single quantum flux superconductive device that has a potential of up to 100-GHz switching with nW-order power dissipation, is considered. The potential of the QFP and key technologies when QFPs are applied to a Josephson supercomputer are described. Switching speed, stability, and power dissipation of a QFP are discussed. QFP gates, circuits, and systems are next described. Then, ultra-fast clock distribution using a standing wave is explained. High-speed operation at more than 10 GHz and 10/sup 14/ error-free operations per QFP have been demonstrated. Finally described is a high-density packaging scheme by three-dimensional integration, which is very important for ultra-high speed circuits because the propagation delay becomes dominant in such circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloning, expression and characterization of YSA1H, a human adenosine 5′-diphosphosugar pyrophosphatase possessing a MutT motif (1999)

The human homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YSA1 protein, YSA1H, has been expressed as a thioredoxin fusion protein in Escherichia coli. It is an ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase with similar activities towards ADP-ribose and ADP-mannose. Its activities with ADP-glucose and diadenosine diphosphate were 56% and 20% of that with ADP-ribose respectively, whereas its activity towards other nucleoside 5′-diphosphosugars was typically 2-10%. cADP-ribose was not a substrate. The products of ADP-ribose hydrolysis were AMP and ribose 5-phosphate. Km and kcat values with ADP-ribose were 60 μM and 5.5 s-1 respectively. The optimal activity was at alkaline pH (7.4-9.0) with 2.5-5 mM Mg2+ or 100-250 μM Mn2+ ions; fluoride was inhibitory, with an IC50 of 20 μM. The YSA1H gene, which maps to 10p13-p14, is widely expressed in all human tissues examined, giving a 1.4 kb transcript. The 41.6 kDa fusion protein behaved as an 85 kDa dimer on gel filtration. After cleavage with enterokinase, the 24.4 kDa native protein fragment ran on SDS/PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 33 kDa. Immunoblot analysis with a polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant YSA1H revealed the presence of a protein of apparent molecular mass 33 kDa in various human cells, including erythrocytes. The sequence of YSA1H contains a MutT sequence signature motif. A major proposed function of the MutT motif proteins is to eliminate toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell. Hence the function of YSA1H might be to remove free ADP-ribose arising from NAD+ and protein-bound poly- and mono-(ADP-ribose) turnover to prevent the occurrence of non-enzymic protein glycation.
Interactive DSP education using Java (2002)

We argue that Java is a natural language to develop interactive teaching material that can be shared and distributed widely. Unlike any other programming language or platform we know, Java development is justified because of its almost universal acceptance. We develop a block diagram (BD) based approach that allows one to develop interactive and downloadable signal processing laboratories. As an example, we show how specific experiments for a DSP class, as well as for an advanced course on wavelets have been developed. The article first explains why the Java language has been chosen, and then describes what has been realized today. Finally, we show how the BD representation can be efficiently used for the development of a wavelet theory course. It is shown that only a few simple blocks are sufficient for creating many didactic programs. This can be seen as an a posteriori justification of the BD model.