gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance multivariate visual data exploration for extremely large data (2008)

One of the central challenges in modern science is the need to quickly derive knowledge and understanding from large, complex collections of data. We present a new approach that deals with this challenge by combining and extending techniques from high performance visual data analysis and scientific data management. This approach is demonstrated within the context of gaining insight from complex, time-varying datasets produced by a laser wakefield accelerator simulation. Our approach leverages histogram-based parallel coordinates for both visual information display as well as a vehicle for guiding a data mining operation. Data extraction and subsetting are implemented with state-of-the-art index/query technology. This approach, while applied here to accelerator science, is generally applicable to a broad set of science applications, and is implemented in a production-quality visual data analysis infrastructure. We conduct a detailed performance analysis and demonstrate good scalability on a distributed memory Cray XT4 system.
Comparison of OPC rules and common process windows for 130-nm features using binary and attenuated phase-shift masks (2000)

DUV lithography using 248 nm light is a viable option for manufacturing deices with 130 nm features. A pertinent issue is generating an acceptable common process window for features of different pitches at this nominal dimension. Not only does the process latitude for any given pitch need to be acceptable; the bias in dose to size for these features must be minimized in order to create acceptable common process latitude. Demonstrated for pitch ratios of 1:1.5 and larger is the set-up of illumination, process OPC required to produce common process windows of 0.5 micrometers focus latitude at 10 percent EL. Simultaneously, scattering bars bring the isolated line process latitude to a level comparable to the 1:1.5 pitch features, greatly improving the performance over that of the isolated lines alone.
Studies of Highly Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylselenophene) for Photovoltaic Applications (2007)

A selenophene analogue (P3HS) of poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, has been investigated as a replacement for P3HT in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Polymer:PCBM films and devices of both materials are directly compared by studying morphology, optical properties, and device performance. Preliminary optimisation of P3HS:PCBM devices gave promising results with a power conversion energy slightly lower than that of an optimised P3HT:PCBM device measured under identical conditions.
Low-complexity adaptive multiple transforms for post-HEVC video coding (2016)

Since the introduction of the H.261 standard in 1990, the transform step has always been a key feature of video coding technologies. The successive generations of standard have always found a better way to further de-correlate the residual signals and thus improve the coding efficiency. Recently, MPEG and the ITU have jointly launched the Joint Video Exploration Team (or JVET) to prepare the next generation of video coding standard. In this context, a new approach called Adaptive Multiple Transforms (or AMT) has been introduced. Despite the provided coding efficiency, the AMT solution raises several issues especially regarding the complexity of the selected set of transforms. This can be an important issue, particularly for a future industrial adoption. In this paper, a low-complexity transform set for AMT is proposed, which aims at providing a significant reduction of the required computational power. The proposed method has been implemented in the JEM-2.0 and tested under the JVET test conditions where it provides a substantial complexity reduction of -56.5% compared to the current AMT transform set with similar R-D performance.
Grasp Planning Pipeline for Robust Manipulation of 3D Deformable Objects with Industrial Robotic Hand + Arm Systems (2020)

In the grasping and manipulation of 3D deformable objects by robotic hands, the physical contact constraints between the fingers and the object have to be considered in order to validate the robustness of the task. Nevertheless, previous works rarely establish contact interaction models based on these constraints that enable the precise control of forces and deformations during the grasping process. This paper considers all steps of the grasping process of deformable objects in order to implement a complete grasp planning pipeline by computing the initial contact points (pregrasp strategy), and later, the contact forces and local deformations of the contact regions while the fingers close over the grasped object (grasp strategy). The deformable object behavior is modeled using a nonlinear isotropic mass-spring system, which is able to produce potential deformation. By combining both models (the contact interaction and the object deformation) in a simulation process, a new grasp planning method is proposed in order to guarantee the stability of the 3D grasped deformable object. Experimental grasping experiments of several 3D deformable objects with a Barrett hand (3-fingered) and a 6-DOF industrial robotic arm are executed. Not only will the final stable grasp configuration of the hand + object system be obtained, but an arm + hand approaching strategy (pregrasp) will also be computed.
Deep water well intervention and fluid selection (2012)

Worldwide, the number of subsea wells showed a substantial increase over the last decade. This trend is particularly relevant for deep- and ultra deep-water field developments, indicating that the offshore oil and gas production continues to move into deeper regions. West Africa, South America and the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) lead the deep-water operations and related subsea well intervention activities.\nThe scope of this study is to explain why deep-water well intervention has become such a requirement and discuss the factors that are propagating this need. This thesis principally focuses on light well intervention operations performed on subsea wells. The challenges that follow by moving to increasing depths are presented and solutions are discussed. In particular, an assessment of selecting hydrate prevention inhibitors is presented, as the formation of hydrates is one of the major limiting factors regarding operations at large depths. \nWell integrity during well intervention is another aspect that is covered in this study, based on the standard NORSOK D-010 “Well integrity in drilling and well operations” for evaluations. This section contains technical and operational solutions to reduce the risk of uncontrolled release of formation fluids throughout the well intervention operation.\nFinally, this thesis outlines that well intervention operations can be economical and feasible in deep- and ultra-deep subsea wells by employing recently developed vessels, provided with dynamic positioning systems and designed specifically for subsea well intervention purposes.
A review on the accuracy of bladder cancer detection methods (2019)

<b>Background and purpose</b>: Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumour in the urinary system, with a high incidence and recurrence rate. While the incidence of bladder cancer has been rising in recent years, the prevalence of bladder carcinoma is showing an increasing tendency in the younger age group. There are several methods to detect bladder cancer, but different methods have varying degrees of accuracy which intrinsically depends on the method's sensitivity and specificity. Our aim was to comprehensively summarize the current detection methods for bladder cancer based on the available literature, and at the same time, to find the best combination of different effective methods which can produce a high degree of accuracy in detecting the presence of cancerous cells in the bladder. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We used key word retrieval method for searching related references in English that had been indexed in PubMed and Medline. <b>Results and Discussion</b>: This paper discussed the different detection methods and their sensitivities/specificities as well as the advantages and disadvantages. We summarized the best identified cancer cell detection methods with higher sensitivity/specificity. <b>Conclusion</b>: The results of this review can positively help to identify accurate methods for detecting bladder cancer and highlight areas to be further improved for future research work.
Flame Retarding of Polymers with Sulfamates. I. Sulfation of Cotton and Wool (1997)

Some results of work carried out on flame retarding of cotton and wool fabrics are reviewed.* Cotton fabrics are rendered flame retardant upon treatment with ammonium sulfamate (AS) with urea or a urea-based cross linking agent, as co-additive, in the pad-dry-cure finishing treatment, with curing at 180-200°C for one to three minutes. Wool fabrics are similarly treated with sul famic acid (SA) in the presence of urea at 140-160°C. In both cases a very high de gree of flame retardancy is obtained and the treated fabrics pass the vertical strip test (VST) also after fifty hard water alkaline launderings. In both cases, the fab rics retain their soft hand. In order to overcome the afterglow in cotton, a com bined sulfation-phosphorylation process was developed.
Heterogeneity in non-invasive detection of apoptosis among human tumor cell lines using annexin-V tagged with EGFP or Qdot-705 (2005)

The ability to measure apoptosis in vivo and in vitro provides an invaluable tool to assess the effects of anti-cancer agents. The annexin-V binding assay has been used extensively, including in the clinic as a Technetium conjugate to assess response to chemo- or radio-therapy. Our results reveal that not all tumor cell lines are amenable to this assay. We investigated ten different human cancer cell lines for their staining patterns with annexin-V during apoptosis. In six human tumor cell lines (HCT116, Jurkat, FADU, PA1, SkBr3 and Saos2) annexin-V staining correlated well with another measurement of apoptosis (APOSTAIN). Four cell lines (SW480, H460, MCF7 and DLD1) showed annexin-V staining, which could not be interpreted, where APOSTAIN demonstrated a clear apoptotic population. The poor annexin-V staining of some tumor cells undergoing apoptosis was not correlated with detachment procedures or choice of apoptosis-inducing agent. Use of annexin-V tagged with EGFP or Qdot-705 can reliably detect apoptosis in some but not all human tumors undergoing apoptosis in response to chemotherapy or TRAIL.
Thermal performance of specific heat receiver concepts for advanced solar dynamic applications (2003)

The thermal performance of three concepts for thermal energy storage as applied to solar dynamic applications is described. It is recognized that designs providing large thermal gradients or large temperature swings during orbit are susceptible to early mechanical failure. Concepts incorporating heat pipe technology may encounter operational limitations over sufficiently large ranges. The thermal performance of basic designs is reviewed and their relative merits compared. The effect of thermal enhancement and metal utilization as applied to each design is examined, providing a partial characterization of the performance improvements to be achieved by developing these technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Corticotropin-releasing hormone in synovial fluids and tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. (1993)

Inflammation normally results in enhanced synthesis and secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) which, in turn, exerts antiinflammatory effects by virtue of increased adrenal glucocorticoid production. CRH and CRH binding sites are also expressed in the peripheral nervous and immune systems. Our groups have recently shown that CRH is secreted locally in acute carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats and has predominantly proinflammatory effects. We have also shown that CRH is expressed in the joints of Lewis rats with experimental arthritis. To determine if CRH is present in human inflammatory arthritis, we examined synovial fluids and tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA) and normal individuals. We found markedly enhanced expression of immunoreactive CRH in situ in synovium from patients, which was significantly greater in RA than in OA (p < 0.01). CRH concentrations were also significantly higher in RA (140 +/- 33 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM; n = 10) than OA (25 +/- 4 pg/ml; n = 6) synovial fluids (p < 0.005). HPLC showed immunoreactive CRH extracted from RA and OA synovial tissues and fluids coeluted with CRH 1-41. CRH mRNA was present in low levels in synovial tissue from patients with RA and, to a lesser extent, OA. In summary, immunoreactive CRH is locally secreted in the synovium of patients with RA and, at lower levels, OA. These data support the view that CRH functions as an autocrine and/or paracrine mediator of inflammation in humans.
Is the Emperor Wearing Clothes? (2001)

A wealth of evidence indicates that oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) may be of central importance in animal models of atherogenesis. In recent clinical trials, however, dietary vitamin E supplements have not consistently prevented cardiac events in humans with established coronary artery disease. Such mixed results have led many to question the role of LDL oxidation in human atherosclerosis, although this interpretation assumes that the doses of vitamin E used in the studies inhibited lipid oxidation in vivo. In fact, there is remarkably little evidence indicating that those particular regimens effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation in healthy humans. Moreover, evidence of increased oxidative stress was not a criterion for inclusion in the trials; therefore, vitamin E may have benefited only a subset of the participants. These uncertainties raise doubts about the ability of vitamin E to augment antioxidant defense mechanisms in vivo and leave many questions about LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis unanswered.
A Combination Chemotherapy Protocol with Dose Intensification and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant (VELCAP-HDC) for Canine Lymphoma (2006)

Abstract Twenty-eight dogs with lymphoma were treated with a 12-week, 5-drug chemotherapy protocol concluding with high-dose cyclophosphamide supported by autologous bone marrow transplants. A dose escalation design was used to determine the maximum tolerated cyclophosphamide dose (MTD) in this setting. Three cyclophosphamide dose levels were given: 300 mg/ m2 IV (group1, 3 dogs), 400 mg/m2 IV (group 2, 12 dogs), and 500 mg/m2 IV (group 3, 13 dogs); and the MTD was 500 mg/m2 IV. Toxicity was common but mild, and the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, specifically neutropenia. No dog died as a result of treatment-related toxicity. One dog in group 3 developed fever, neutropenia, and presumed sepsis and responded promptly to routine management. No other dog required hospitalization. Lower stage and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1–3], and the highest dose [group 3]) compared with the lower doses combined (groups 1 and 2) were significantly associated with longer remission duration (all P &lt;.0001). Median remission duration for dogs in group 3 was 54 weeks, compared with 21 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2 combined. Factors associated with longer survival time were lower stage (P=.042) and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1–3], and the highest dose [group 3] compared with the lower doses combined [groups 1 and 2]) (P=.027). Median survival time for dogs in group 3 was 139 weeks, compared with 43 weeks and 68 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2, respectively.
A mirror-lens focusing objective with a toroidal mirror (2003)

A mirror-lens objective has been developed that focuses a powerful laser beam with a planar wavefront into a straight line 10 mm long. The objective is intended for the creation of extended plasma objects. The construction involves an improved version of Maksutov's meniscus system, based on a toroidal mirror. A sample with an effective diameter of 130 mm and a relative aperture of 1:2.4 has been fabricated and investigated.
Accurate INS Transfer Alignment Using a Monitor Gyro and External Navigation Measurements (1980)

A particular alignment mechanization for a nonmaneuvering vehicle is described which uses a monitor gyro to estimate the slave inertial navigation system (INS) equivalent east gyro drift rate and thus improves azimuth alignment. A state-space model of the dynamic system with measurements is developed. Results of covariance simulations employing Kalman filter estimation are presented for two master INS position update scenarios, one involving frequent and very accurate updates and the other including infrequent and coarse updates. The ef fects of position updates and the monitor gyro on the quality of transfer alignment are demonstrated and analyzed.
Application of nile blue and nile red, two fluorescent probes, for detection of lipid droplets in human skeletal muscle. (1987)

Using frozen sections from human muscle biopsies, we assessed the value of Nile blue and Nile red, two fluorescent probes, as stains for lipid droplets in normal and pathological skeletal muscle fibers. In normal muscle, lipid storage disorders, and mitochondrial myopathies, Nile blue stained the lipid droplets as yellow-gold fluorescent structures. The lipid droplets were also seen as yellow-gold fluorescent structures in Nile red-stained sections, but the outstanding feature in these preparations was the staining of the membrane network of the muscle fibers and membrane proliferations in pathological muscle as red-orange fluorescent structures. These results suggest that both Nile blue and Nile red stains are useful for visualization of lipid droplets and membrane proliferations in pathological muscle biopsies.
The role of the Network Control Program in Systems Network Architecture (1976)

The role of NCP/VS in an SNA environment has been examined from a vantage point within the network looking outward toward the host application programs and the terminal facilities. Data link control, path control, and connection point management work together to oversee the network traffic while maintaining separation of the SNA functional layers. The NCP physical unit services component cooperates with the system services control point in the host to govern operation of the physical resources associated with the NCP, as well as to oversee sophisticated testing and statistics recording. Thus, network functions are distributed amongst the host computer and the communications controllers throughout the network.
Regenerative braking torque estimation and control approaches for a hybrid electric truck (2010)

Regenerative braking torque control problem is an important issue in a hybrid electric vehicle braking system. The braking performance has various influences on the vehicle driving performances such as fuel economy, braking efficiency and drivability. In this paper, a regenerative braking torque estimation approach is proposed which requires the wheel speed measurement only. Based on the estimated regenerative braking torque, a feedback braking torque control scheme is provided to achieve satisfactory control effect in a hybrid electric truck. Finally, simulation results are demonstrated to validate the proposed estimation and control approaches.
Two methods for improved measurements of reactive power and reactive energy insensitive to frequency variations (1998)

The paper describes the implementation of successive frequency-to-voltage and voltage-to-frequency conversion used to achieve a wideband frequency multiplication allowing reactive power and reactive energy measurements in the range of 40 Hz to 70 Hz of the input signal frequency. It also describes a phase shifting method which provides independence of the shifted signal of the capacitor value used in the phase shifter. This feature ensures long term stability and wide temperature operating range of the meter while retaining high accuracy.
Clinical features of gingivostomatitis due to primary infection of herpes simplex virus in children (2020)

Abstract Background Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) in children, though usually self-limited, might mimic bacterial and enteroviral pharyngitis clinically. We conducted a study to define the clinical features of PHGS in children. Methods Between January 2012 and December 2016, 282 inpatients aged less than 19 years with cell culture-confirmed herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a medical center were identified from the virologic laboratory logbook. Clinical data were retrospectively collected. Results Among the 282 inpatients, 185 cases were considered as PHGS and were included for analysis. Fever was present in 99.5%. The mean duration of fever was 5.11 days (±2.24) with the longest being 17 days. Common oral manifestations included oral ulcers (84.3%), which equally resided in the anterior and posterior part of the oral cavity (65.4% vs. 63.2%), gum swelling and/or bleeding (67.6%), and exudate coated tonsils (16.8%). Leukocytosis (WBC count > 15,000/uL 3 ) was noted in 52 patients (28.1%) and a serum C-reactive protein level > 40 mg/L in 55 patients (29.7%). Fixty-five patients (35%) were diagnosed with PHGS on admission and were significantly more likely to have ulcers over the anterior oral cavity (76.1% vs. 26.7%) and gum swelling/bleeding (76.2% vs. 7.5%, p -value all < 0.001) on admission and were significantly less likely to receive antibiotic treatment (16.9 vs. 36.7%, p -value < 0.01) than others. Forty-six patients (25%) undiagnosed as PHGS on discharge were significantly more likely to have exudate coated on the tonsils, to receive antibiotic treatment and significantly less likely to have gum swelling/bleeding and oral ulcers (all p -values < 0.01). Conclusions Meticulously identifying specific oral manifestations of gum swelling/bleeding and ulcers over the anterior oral cavity in children can help making the diagnosis of PHGS earlier and subsequently reduce unnecessary prescription of antibiotics.
Insulin-like growth factor I alters peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism in humans: comparison with growth hormone (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is considered to mediate some of the growth-promoting and metabolic effects of growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone treatment of healthy and GH-deficient subjects is accompanied by increased conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues. Whether these effects are mediated by IGF-I is unknown. To assess the respective roles of these hormones on thyroid hormone metabolism we have treated two groups of subjects. The first group consisted of eight healthy subjects who were treated with IGF-I (10 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 sc for 5 days). The second group consisted of eight subjects with combined GH and thyrotropin (TSH) deficiency due to acquired pituitary disease. They were treated with IGF-I (10 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 sc for 7 days), GH (2 IU m-2 sc q.i.d.) or both hormones together. The IGF-I treatment in healthy subjects led to an increase in free T3 (FT3) and a reduction in TSH levels, whereas FT4 and total T4 (TT4) levels remained unchanged. In the second group-in which all subjects were substituted with oral L-thyroxine-treatment with IGF-I led to an elevation of FT3 in the face of unchanged T4 levels. Growth hormone alone and GH plus IGF-I resulted in a more pronounced elevation in T3 level. The results suggest that IGF-I partially mediates the well-known effects of GH on peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. However, GH has more pronounced effects on thyroid hormones that apparently are not mediated by IGF-I.