gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Vapor Deposition of MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Thin Films Using Different Mg−Al Alkoxides:  Role of Precursor Chemistry (2004)

We have studied the chemical and material aspects of molecular precursor-derived materials taking the example of the spinel MgAl2O4. Three Mg−Al alkoxides, [MgAl2(OPri)8], [MgAl2(OBut)8] and [MgAl2(OBut)4H4] were used as single molecular precursors in the gas-phase synthesis of the MgAl2O4 films. A comparative evaluation of the growth rates, morphology, microstructure, average particle size, consistency of elemental ratio, and carbon contamination in the films shows that material properties of the CVD deposits are a function of the chemical design of the precursor molecule. The intrinsic precursor properties (physical state, vapor pressure, decomposition temperature, etc.) can be tuned by a judicious choice of ligand(s) or their combination. For instance, [MgAl2(OPri)8] based on isopropoxide ligands displays a potential to oligomerize upon aging due to the presence of an unsaturated metal center (Mg) in the precursor framework. Nevertheless, the liquid state of [MgAl2(OPri)8] provides adequate vapor pressure for growing high-quality spinel films. In contrast, the bulkier tert-butoxide groups in [MgAl2(OBut)8] make it thermally and structurally more stable, however causing a lower vapor pressure and higher decomposition temperature. [MgAl2(OBut)4H4] exhibits substantially high vapor pressure but the films obtained contain small amounts of residual organics, although the combination of hydride and tert-butoxide ligands in [MgAl2(OBut)4H4] induces a designed ligand elimination, based on the β-hydride elimination. Despite the fact that microstructured MgAl2O4 films with sufficient crystallinity and a columnar microstructure could be obtained by tuning the growth parameters of the three Mg−Al compounds, this study underscores the importance of precursor chemistry in designing an efficient CVD process.
Notes. Research in Ground-Water Hydrology in Hawaii (1954)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Iontophoresis: A Potential Emergence of a Transdermal Drug Delivery System (2012)

The delivery of drugs into systemic circulation via skin has generated much attention during the last decade. Transdermal therapeutic systems propound controlled release of active ingredients through the skin and into the systemic circulation in a predictive manner. Drugs administered through these systems escape first-pass metabolism and maintain a steady state scenario similar to a continuous intravenous infusion for up to several days. However, the excellent impervious nature of the skin offers the greatest challenge for successful delivery of drug molecules by utilizing the concepts of iontophoresis. The present review deals with the principles and the recent innovations in the field of iontophoretic drug delivery system together with factors affecting the system. This delivery system utilizes electric current as a driving force for permeation of ionic and non-ionic medications. The rationale behind using this technique is to reversibly alter the barrier properties of skin, which could possibly improve the penetration of drugs such as proteins, peptides and other macromolecules to increase the systemic delivery of high molecular weight compounds with controlled input kinetics and minimum inter-subject variability. Although iontophoresis seems to be an ideal candidate to overcome the limitations associated with the delivery of ionic drugs, further extrapolation of this technique is imperative for translational utility and mass human application.
Molecular Evidence that Nasal Carriage of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Plays a Role in Respiratory Tract Infections of Critically Ill Patients (2005)

The relationship between nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage and lower respiratory tract infections was studied in 16 critically ill patients. S. aureus strains from nasal and bronchial samples were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In all but one case, nasal and bronchial strains were genetically identical in the same patients.
An LC-MS Method for Analyzing Total Resveratrol in Grape Juice, Cranberry Juice, and in Wine (2002)

Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in grapes, grape products, and some other botanical sources with antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. In grapes and wine, it occurs both as free resveratrol and piceid, the 3beta-glucoside of resveratrol. Here we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to analyze total resveratrol (including free resveratrol and resveratrol from piceid) in fruit products and wine. Samples were extracted using methanol, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and analyzed using reversed phase HPLC with positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometric detection. Following APCI, the abundance of protonated molecules was recorded using selected ion monitoring (SIM) of m/z 229. An external standard curve was used for quantitation, which showed a linear range of 0.52-2260 pmol of trans-resveratrol injected on-column with a correlation coefficient 0.9999. The coefficient of variance of the response factor over the same concentration range was determined to be 5.8%, and the intra-assay coefficient of variance was determined to be 4.2% (n = 7). The limit of quantitation, defined as signal-to-noise 10:1, was determined to be 0.31 pmol injected on-column. The extraction efficiency of the method was determined to be 92%. The stability of resveratrol under different conditions was also examined. For example, resveratrol was stable for up to 5 days at 4 degrees C in the dark but was not stable at room temperature without protection from light. Resveratrol was detected in grape, cranberry, and wine samples. Concentrations ranged from 1.56 to 1042 nmol/g in Concord grape products, and from 8.63 to 24.84 micromol/L in Italian red wine. The concentrations of resveratrol were silmilar in cranberry and grape juice at 1.07 and 1.56 nmol/g, respectively.
Purification of stable protein kinase C from mouse brain cytosol by specific ligand elution using fast protein liquid chromatography. (1986)

The Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from mouse brain cytosol. [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding activity was found to coelute quantitatively with the protein kinase activity throughout the purification procedure. The crude extract was first run over a DE52 column. Fractions containing peak activities were then chromatographed using a fast protein liquid chromatography system with a Mono Q column followed by chromatography on the same column run in the presence of 1 mM adenosine triphosphate. The adenosine triphosphate specifically shifted the elution position of the Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, providing a powerful step in the purification procedure. The remaining minor contaminants were removed by hydrophobic chromatography on a TSK-phenyl-5-PW column. This purification procedure required less than 2 days after the initial large batch DE52 column chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified receptor was estimated to be 81,000 by its mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels, in agreement with the published values. Optimal conditions for the storage of the purified receptor were sought. Both protein kinase and phorbol ester binding activities were stable for 2 mo when stored in the presence of 0.01% Triton X-100 at -70 degrees C. Polyclonal antibodies to the purified receptor have been prepared from rabbits. These antibodies recognized the purified receptor in electroblotting assays and were able to immunoprecipitate the purified receptor.
Density Dependence of the Dielectric Properties of Particulate Materials (1983)

ABSTRACT FROM mathematical relationships in the published literature, it is shown that linear relationships can be expected between functions of the dielectric properties of particulate materials and their densities. Linearity of the square roots and cube roots of the dielectric constants of air-particle mixtures with density is consistent with published mixture formulae that imply the additivity of the volume-fraction-weighted square roots and cube roots, respectively, of the dielectric constants of the constituents of the mixture. Although both relationships should be valid for most practical applications, the cubic relationship predicted the dielectric constants of pulverized coal, whole-wheat flour, and whole-kernel wheat more accurately than did the quadratic relationship. Accuracy of the predictions decreased as particle size increased. The linear relationships are particularly useful, because they provide good estimates of the dielectric constant of particulate materials at any density, including that of the solid material, from one measurement at any density and the zero-density intercept. A linear relationship was also demonstrated for the dielectric loss factor, E, between \f't + e and density, where e is a constant that depends upon the nature of the particulate material.
Boolean dynamics of genetic regulatory networks inferred from microarray time series data (2007)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Design of Quasi-Logarithmic Multisine Excitations for Robust Broad Frequency Band Measurements (2012)

The logarithmic distribution of spectral lines in excitation signals is widely used to measure the transfer functions of dynamic systems over a wide frequency band, covering several decades. Periodic signals are very popular in many advanced dynamic signal analyzers. Generating multitone periodic signals requires an equidistant frequency grid which conflicts with the logarithmic distribution, particularly at the low frequencies. In this paper, we offer an elegant solution to get around this problem using an improved choice for the amplitude spectrum of the multitone. We also offer a simple way to tune the frequency spacing of such a signal to allow for robust identification of the system under test.
An Autonomous Electrical Signature Analysis-Based Method for Faults Monitoring in Industrial Motors (2021)

Rotating machines are widely used in industries, manufacturing, and oil and gas plants as a critical component for process availability. The inadvertent failure of these rotating machines causes significant process downtime and incurs higher repair costs and loss of revenue. These failures can belong to electrical, thermal, or mechanical fault categories. Early detection of all these faults is very much critical for avoiding complete failure of these machines and requires continuous 24/7 online monitoring using sensors or intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). However, an affordable low-cost and efficient online monitoring is desired to practice specifically for medium-voltage (MV) machines which have a larger install base. Electrical signature analysis (ESA) technology offers such flexibility and requires measuring just current and/or voltage at a motor control panel for machine health diagnosis, unlike vibration analysis (VA) requiring installation of sensors and its wiring on the machine. Furthermore, an intelligent, self-reliable, and autonomous ESA procedure is required for monitoring the machines due to the lack of ESA standards in practice unlike for VA. This article proposes a new autonomous electrical signature analysis (AESA)-based measurement technique implemented in IED, that is, Protection Relay, offering 24/7 online monitoring. The proposed technique implemented in Relay not only avoids dependence on standalone ESA hardware but also provides earlier detection of failures using peak and energy magnitudes computation approach at fault frequencies. To validate the proposed method, various tests were performed on the actual 1000- and 300-HP motors with/without mechanical faults in a machine repair shop and the results are discussed. The performance of the proposed method is also compared with the commercially available third-party ESA device results proving the efficacy.
MetAP-2 Inhibitors Based on the Fumagillin Structure. Side-Chain Modification and Ring-Substituted Analogues (2003)

The preparation of a series of new fumagillin-derived MetAP-2 inhibitors is described. The synthetic approach was designed so as to permit modification of the fumagillin backbone at sites inaccessible through semisynthesis or previously existing total syntheses. An Evans aldolization and a ring-closing metathesis allowed the preparation of a pivotal intermediate which could then be functionalized in various ways using already established or newly developed methodologies.
Identification of high‐resolution microsatellites without <i>a priori</i> knowledge of genotypes using a simple scoring approach (2013)

Summary Large numbers of microsatellite loci for many species are increasingly made available from public data bases or through de novo isolation with next generation sequencing methods. However, the challenge remains to identify the subset of loci with suitable polymorphism for the populations of interest. This normally requires genotyping individuals in a representative subset of populations. Here, we present an approach that does not require individual genotypes, but instead uses the presence and absence of alleles in pooled DNA samples to estimate within‐population variation ( WPV , i.e. polymorphism) and among‐population variability ( APV , i.e. rare alleles). From these, we developed a scoring procedure to rank individual loci and thereby identify those most suitable for individual genotyping. We used multiplex PCR of 20 pooled individuals from each of 12 populations to screen a total of 80 published and unpublished microsatellite loci in the N orthern pike E sox lucius , a species known to exhibit low genetic variability, thus predisposing it as a model species to test our approach. The screening of pooled samples revealed extremely different levels of microsatellite variability, ranging from 1·0 to 27·5 alleles per microsatellite ( WPV ) and from 1·4 to 12 populations per allele ( APV ). Scoring placed microsatellites with high WPV and medium APV at the highest ranks. We validated this outcome by genotyping individuals of two pike populations from geographically close areas. A strong differentiation potential (measured as Weir's & Cockerham's F ST ) as well as a better resolving power of higher over lower‐ranked microsatellites (measured as N ei′s D A and probability of identity) proved that the method presented here is suitable for rapid and inexpensive identification of appropriate microsatellites without a priori knowledge of genotypes. Our scoring procedure is generally applicable to all population genetic studies based on microsatellites and is particularly recommended, if species with low genetic variability are to be investigated.
Poly (ADP-ribose) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (2014)

The defining feature of Parkinson's disease is a progressive and selective demise of dopaminergic neurons. A recent report on Parkinson's disease animal model demonstrates that poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) dependent cell death, also named parthanatos, is accountable for selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Parthanatos is a programmed necrotic cell death, characterized by PARP1 activation, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation, and large scale DNA fragmentation. Besides cell death regulation via interaction with AIF, PAR molecule mediates diverse cellular processes including genomic stability, cell division, transcription, epigenetic regulation, and stress granule formation. In this review, we will discuss the roles of PARP1 activation and PAR molecules in the pathological processes of Parkinson's disease. Potential interaction between PAR molecule and Parkinson's disease protein interactome are briefly introduced. Finally, we suggest promising points of therapeutic intervention in the pathological PAR signaling cascade to halt progression in Parkinson's disease.
Cu-Catalyzed Cascades to Carbocycles: Union of Diaryliodonium Salts with Alkenes or Alkynes Exploiting Remote Carbocations (2014)

Copper-catalyzed cascade reactions between alkenes or alkynes and diaryliodonium salts form carbocyclic products in a single step. Arylation of the unsaturated functional group is proposed to form a carbocation intermediate that facilitates hydride shift pathways to translocate the positive charge to a remote position and enables ring formation via a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction.
Memory polynomial predistorter based on the indirect learning architecture (2003)

Power amplifiers (PAs) are inherently nonlinear devices and are used in virtually all communications systems. Digital baseband predistortion is a highly cost effective way to linearize PAs, but most existing architectures assume that the PA has a memoryless nonlinearity. For wider bandwidth applications such as WCDMA, PA memory effects can no longer be ignored, and memoryless predistortion has limited effectiveness. In this paper, instead of focusing on a particular PA model and building a corresponding predistorter, we focus directly on the predistorter structure. In particular, we propose a memory polynomial model for the predistorter and implement it using an indirect learning architecture. Linearization performance is demonstrated on a 3-carrier UMTS signal.
N‐Halosuccinimide/BF<sub>3</sub>—H<sub>2</sub>O, Efficient Electrophilic Halogenating Systems for Aromatics. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of polymers with carboxy end groups by reaction of polystyryl anions with 4-bromo-1,1,1-trimethoxybutane (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polymers with carboxy end groups by reaction of polystyryl anions with 4-bromo-1,1,1-trimethoxybutaneAkira Hirao, Hiroyuki Nagahama, Takashi Ishizone, and Seiichi NakahamaCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 9, 2145–2150Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00061a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00061a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Soluble Sugar Degradation in Soybean Seed under Simulated Tropical Storage Conditions (1998)

Storage of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed under tropical conditions can lead to deterioration that affects product taste and color. A study was designed to assess the effect of extreme storage conditions on the degradation of soluble sugars and to relate these changes to seed deterioration. Seed of six cultivars of soybean were stored for 9 mo. under control (4°C, 45% RH) and simulated tropical (30°C, 82% RH) conditions. Soluble sugar metabolism was monitored by high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE‐PAD). soluble sugar content was constant or only slightly affected under control conditions. However, substantial hydrolysis of stachyose, raffinose, and verbascose occurred under simulated tropical conditions. The resulting release of glucose and galactose, combined with the degree of hydrolysis of oligosaccharides, appears to be strongly linked to soybean seed quality as indicated by seed germination. Storage behavior was cultivar dependent, pointing to the importance of selecting cultivars for storability in tropical countries. Determination of glucose seems to be a sensitive analytical and practical tool for monitoring soybean seed quality and deterioration under extreme climatic conditions.
Use of radiation pressure for measurement of high-power laser emission (2013)

We demonstrate a paradigm in absolute laser radiometry where a laser beam's power can be measured from its radiation pressure. Using an off-the-shelf high-accuracy mass scale, a 530 W Yb-doped fiber laser, and a 92 kW CO(2) laser, we present preliminary results of absolute optical power measurements with inaccuracies of better than 7% to 13%. We find negligible contribution from radiometric (thermal) forces. We also identify this scale's dynamic-force noise floor for a 0.1 Hz modulation frequency as 4 μN/Hz(1/2) or, as optical power sensitivity, 600 W/Hz(1/2).
Study on Cotton Verticillium Wilt (2012)

The pathogen, characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptom of cotton Verticillium wilt are expounded in the paper. The paper puts forward the strategy of protecting disease-free area first, planting resistant varieties and rational rotation in severe area and strengthening the field management, as well as combining with biological control and chemical control methods to effectively control infection and spread of pathogen, so as to provide certain theoretical basis for reducing the damage of cotton Verticillium wilt and improving yield and quality of cotton.
Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans replication by nitrogen oxides supports the role of these molecules as effectors of macrophage-mediated cytostasis (1991)

Activated macrophages are able to inhibit the replication of intracellular microbes and tumor cells. In the murine system, this cytostatic effect is associated with the oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline, nitrite, and nitrate and is thought to be mediated by an intermediate of this reaction, possibly nitric oxide (NO.). By exposing replicating Cryptococcus neoformans cells to conditions under which NO. is chemically generated, we have observed a cytostatic effect similar to that caused by activated murine macrophages. Nitric oxide is formed as a decomposition product of nitrite salts in acidic, aqueous solutions. Although C. neoformans replicates well in the presence of high nitrite concentrations at physiologic pH, its growth in acidic media can be inhibited by the addition of low concentrations of sodium nitrite. The degree of cytostasis is dependent on both the pH and the nitrite concentration of the NO. generating solution. The cytostatic effector molecule appears to be a gas since, in addition to inhibiting C. neoformans replication in solution, it is able to exert its inhibitory effect across a gas-permeable but ion-impermeable membrane. At high nitrite concentrations, a fungicidal effect occurs. We propose that the growth inhibition of C. neoformans upon exposure to chemically generated NO. or some related oxide of nitrogen represents a cell-free system simulating the cytostatic effect of activated murine macrophages.
Simultaneous Determination of 14 Sulfonamides Residues in Aquatic Products by HPLC (2004)

A method for the simultaneous determination of14sulfonamides residues in aquatic products by HPLC was established.Sulfonamides in samples were first extracted with acetonitrile after dehydration with anhydrous sodium sulfate,then purified fromfats by extraction with acetonitrile_saturated n_hexane,and finally determined by HPLC with a UV detector at a wavelength of268nm.Gradient elution with a mobile phase of3%acetic acid-acetonitrile was employed at a flowrate of1.0mL/min.The detection limits were found to be0.01～0.02mg/kg,and recoveries of66%～92%were obtained.