gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperplastic, Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions Found in 83 Human Pancreases (1982)

A thorough histologic examination of the pancreas was performed on autopsy material from 83 military veterans aged 35-88 years. Hyperplastic, preneoplastic and neoplastic alterations were recorded by severity, multiplicity, location and age. From this material, two patients had clinically known primary, and three had secondary (metastatic), pancreatic cancer. The following occult malignant lesions were found: two early cancers (one adenocarcinoma and one adenosquamous cell carcinoma), one ductal carcinoma in situ and seven ductular carcinomas in situ. Among patients with ductular carcinoma in situ, three had pancreatic caner and the remaining four had cancers of other sites (ethmoid, ear, colon, prostate). One patient who was clinically diagnosed as having lung cancer with selective metastases to the pancreas was found to have pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma with lung metastases. Hence, the incidence of neoplastic exocrine lesions was around 10%. In addition, hyperplasia of the ductal and ductular epithelium (in 57% and 39% of the patients, respectively), squamous cell metaplasia of the ductules (in 48% of the cases), as well as endocrine tumors (islet cell adenoma, 10%; mixed ductular-insular adenoma, 3%) were found. Most lesions occurred in the pancreatic head, a few in the tail. These data and other reports led to the conclusion that, first, the overall incidence of pancreatic cancer appears to be higher than previously reported. Malignant lesions seem to remain clinically occult, either because patients die of other diseases or because of the significantly long latency between premalignant lesions and clinically recognizable invasive cancer. Second, the ductular cells appear to be the progenitor cells of a variety of tumor types, including squamous cell cancer and islet cell tumors, as in the authors' experimental model.
Unexpected Efficacy of a Novel Sodium Channel Modulator in Dravet Syndrome (2017)

Dravet syndrome, an epileptic encephalopathy affecting children, largely results from heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the brain voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN1A. Heterozygous Scn1a knockout (Scn1a <sup>+/-</sup>) mice recapitulate the severe epilepsy phenotype of Dravet syndrome and are an accepted animal model. Because clinical observations suggest conventional sodium channel blocking antiepileptic drugs may worsen the disease, we predicted the phenotype of Scn1a <sup>+/-</sup> mice would be exacerbated by GS967, a potent, unconventional sodium channel blocker. Unexpectedly, GS967 significantly improved survival of Scn1a <sup>+/-</sup> mice and suppressed spontaneous seizures. By contrast, lamotrigine exacerbated the seizure phenotype. Electrophysiological recordings of acutely dissociated neurons revealed that chronic GS967-treatment had no impact on evoked action potential firing frequency of interneurons, but did suppress aberrant spontaneous firing of pyramidal neurons and was associated with significantly lower sodium current density. Lamotrigine had no effects on neuronal excitability of either neuron subtype. Additionally, chronically GS967-treated Scn1a <sup>+/-</sup> mice exhibited normalized pyramidal neuron sodium current density and reduced hippocampal Na<sub>V</sub>1.6 protein levels, whereas lamotrigine treatment had no effect on either pyramidal neuron sodium current or hippocampal Na<sub>V</sub>1.6 levels. Our findings demonstrate unexpected efficacy of a novel sodium channel blocker in Dravet syndrome and suggest a potential mechanism involving a secondary change in Na<sub>V</sub>1.6.
Multibeam Electron Source using MEMS Electron Optical Components (2006)

Recent developments in electron beam equipment have given rise to ever more complex electron optical (EO) designs. Until now these designs were realized using standard workshop techniques like drilling, turning etc. With the need for even more complex designs to advance electron optics, we use the possibilities of manufacturing EO components with MEMS fabrication techniques. This leads to different design rules in the EO design. One can use one of the strong points of MEMS fabrication, mass manufacturing of identical and reliable components within tight specifications. One of our designs that demonstrates this is presented in this paper, the multi-beam electron source. We are developing an electron source for use in a standard scanning electron microscope that produces 100 beams instead of one. The design is made so that the performance in terms of spot size and current per beam is equal to the performance of the beam from a single beam source, around 1 nm and 25 pA. Furthermore, since we modify the SEM for nanolithography purposes, it is necessary to switch each of the individual beams on and off. For that purpose we integrate an array of blanker electrodes in the source unit.
Surface-initiated enzymatic vinyl polymerization: synthesis of polymer-grafted silica particles using horseradish peroxidase as catalyst (2012)

A novel method of surface-initiated enzymatic vinyl polymerization was used to synthesize organic–inorganic hybrid core–shell particles comprising a silica core and a polyacrylamide shell covalently attached to the core surface.
Fully automatic three‐dimensional quantitative analysis of intracoronary optical coherence tomography (2009)

Fully automatic lumen contour detection in OCT images is feasible with only a select few contours showing an artifact (3%) that can be easily corrected. This QOCT method may be a valuable tool for future coronary imaging studies incorporating OCT.
−455G/A Polymorphism of the β-Fibrinogen Gene is Associated With the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Symptomatic Men (1998)

Increased plasma fibrinogen levels have been identified as a risk indicator for myocardial infarction, stroke, and thrombosis. Both environmental and genetic factors make an important contribution to plasma fibrinogen levels in humans. In the present study we evaluated, in patients with serum cholesterol levels between 4 and 8 mmol/L, the relation of plasma levels and polymorphisms of fibrinogen with coronary artery disease (CAD), cross-sectionally at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up period in which they received either a placebo or pravastatin. Higher plasma fibrinogen levels (3.9 g/L) were observed at baseline in patients with the -455AA genotype than in patients with the -455GA (3.2 g/L) and -455GG (3.1 g/L) genotypes of the -455G/A fibrinogen beta gene polymorphism (P<.05). Plasma levels of fibrinogen were not related to the baseline angiographic variables (mean segment diameter [MSD] and minimum obstruction diameter [MOD]), nor to the quantitative changes in these angiographic variables. However, in the placebo group, patients with the -455AA genotype had more progression of CAD, expressed by a significantly greater decrease of the MSD and MOD, after the 2-year follow-up period than patients with the other genotypes. The -455G/A polymorphism was related to the progression of CAD, and pravastatin therapy seemed to offset this deleterious effect. We hypothesized that the -455A allele may promote a stronger acute-phase response in fibrinogen and that the resulting higher fibrinogen levels may form the pathogenetic basis for the stronger progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Experiments to verify this hypothesis are being proposed and advocated, in view of the possibility of identifying a genetic marker that can recognize a subgroup of patients with an increased risk who may benefit from early treatment with lipid-lowering or anticoagulant drugs.
Geodesic Clustering in Deep Generative Models (2018)

Deep generative models are tremendously successful in learning low-dimensional latent representations that well-describe the data. These representations, however, tend to much distort relationships between points, i.e. pairwise distances tend to not reflect semantic similarities well. This renders unsupervised tasks, such as clustering, difficult when working with the latent representations. We demonstrate that taking the geometry of the generative model into account is sufficient to make simple clustering algorithms work well over latent representations. Leaning on the recent finding that deep generative models constitute stochastically immersed Riemannian manifolds, we propose an efficient algorithm for computing geodesics (shortest paths) and computing distances in the latent space, while taking its distortion into account. We further propose a new architecture for modeling uncertainty in variational autoencoders, which is essential for understanding the geometry of deep generative models. Experiments show that the geodesic distance is very likely to reflect the internal structure of the data.
Verulamium Again (1938)

The excavation of Verulamium in the years 1930–4 originated in a coincidence of archaeological need and local opportunity. The former, at this late date, needs no elaboration; the latter, it may be recalled, lay in the acquisition, by the Borough of St. Albans, of the southern half of the walled site, now known to have taken shape in the second century A.D. A central area within the new Corporation property accordingly remained for three years the main focus of the excavations, supplemented by an intensive examination of the town-defences, including two wall-towers and three gateways, of which two lay on property retained by Lord Verulam. Archaeologically, the problem confronting the excavators was twofold: to establish (for the first time) the outlines of the economic history of a major Romano-British town deep-set in the 'lowland zone'; and to determine the relationship, topographically and culturally, of the successive Belgic and Roman settlements. It was a familiar fact that Verulamium had held an important royal mint at the beginning of the first century A.D., and, whether the term municipium applied by Tacitus to the town in A.D. 61 be taken at face-value or no, the chance of observing the growth of a first-class Roman city out of a first-class pre-Roman one was unsurpassed on any other site. It was, therefore, essential that the exploration of a part of the Roman city should be accompanied by a systematic search for its predecessor.
β-Adrenergic stimulation causes cardiocyte apoptosis: influence of tachycardia and hypertrophy (1998)

To establish whether catecholamines per se in the absence of significant increases in systolic load induce myocardial damage via apoptosis, rats were treated with vehicle or isoproterenol (400 microg . kg-1 . h-1). Apoptotic cardiocytes (Apo) were identified in paraffin-embedded sections using terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. Results were confirmed using an independent ligase assay. Systolic blood pressures were comparable in isoproterenol-treated and control rats. Twenty-four hours of treatment with isoproterenol resulted in significant numbers of Apo compared with control [7.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.3 (SE) cm-2, P < 0.05]. A cohort of animals was subjected to ventricular pacing to induce a tachycardia equivalent to that induced by isoproterenol, and these animals did not show an increase in Apo. The left ventricular hypertrophy induced by 2 wk of abdominal aortic banding also increased Apo ( approximately 7. 2-fold); however, 24 h of isoproterenol infusion did not induce additional Apo in these rats. Thus catecholamines, in the absence of altered systolic load, induce Apo which is not mediated solely by tachycardia. Left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to abdominal aortic banding is associated with Apo, but this does not increase sensitivity to isoproterenol-induced Apo.
FLUERICS. 28. STATE-OF-THE-ART 1969, (1969)

The report consists of two parts. The first is a history of work on fluidics carried on at the Harry Diamond Laboratories set in a context of some of the other efforts in the field. The second discusses the state of the art. (Author)
Leading edge gypsy moth population dynamics (1991)

Leading edge gypsy moth populations have been the focus of several intervention programs (MDIPM, AIPM). Knowledge of gypsy moth population dynamics in leading edge area is crucial for effective management. Populations in these areas tend to reach outbreak levels (noticeable defoliation) within three to four years after egg masses are first detected. Pheromone traps have proven effective for detection and estimating population density in building populations. However, after populations have reached outbreak levels the utility of pheromone traps is decreased, primarily due to trap saturation. The emphasis of our research has been to investigate several aspects of gypsy moth biology with the objective of identifying characteristics that would be useful to monitor populations. We have focused on quantifying the impact of defoliation on several life history attributes.
A Novel Structure of a-Si:H Based Photoconductor Stacked on APS Technology (2007)

In this paper, we present the characterization of a-Si:H based Photoconductor stacked on Active Pixel with Shield Gate (SG) technology to avoid electrical cross-talk current across pixels. The pixel area consists of a p-i-n layer as photo detector, and a newly proposed SG electrode thereby providing a high potential barrier between two pixels. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that cross-talk can be suppressed by the barrier for electrons for this proposed pixel. Moreover, in order to realize the influence of pixel's geography, different i-layer thickness was studied in this work. By simulation result, thicker i-layer would be larger absorption that will bring the high sensitivity of pixel, though it is trading off with cross-talk.
Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin prevents peripheral <scp>HMGB</scp>1‐dependent hyperalgesia in rats (2013)

These data suggest that peripheral HMGB1 causes hyperalgesia, and that rhsTM abolishes HMGB1-dependent hyperalgesia, providing novel evidence for therapeutic usefulness of rhsTM as an analgesic.
Single-step purifications of His6-MutH, His6-MutL and His6-MutS repair proteins of escherichia coli K-12. (1995)

The MutS, MutH and MutL proteins mediate methyl-directed-mismatch (MDM) repair in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. These proteins have been developed into powerful tools for screening genomes for polymorphisms and detecting and localizing mutations. In an ongoing study of the regulation of MDM repair, we developed one-step schemes to purify the E. coli MutS, MutH and MutL proteins fused to a polyhistidine (His6) affinity tag. The E. coli K-12 mutS+, mutH+ and mutL+ genes were cloned from the Clarke-Carbon plasmid or Kohara-phage library into expression vector pET-15b, which allows fusion to the His6 affinity tag. Each of the resulting recombinant plasmids complemented the corresponding mutHLS mutation in the Cupples-Miller CC106 mutator tester strain, indicating that the His6-MutHLS fusion proteins were individually functional in vivo. The His6-MutHLS proteins were separately purified by variations of batch binding to Ni(2+)-chelation affinity resin. The yield of purified His6-MutHLS proteins from these procedures was 0.4-0.6 mg from 40 mL of induced culture. The binding properties of one-step-purified His6-MutS protein were characterized further. His6-MutS exhibited the same mismatch-binding activity and specificity as native MutS in side-by-side bandshift assays. These constructs and purification methods should be useful to laboratories wishing to apply or develop MutS-mismatch mapping and to other applications or studies of the E. coli MutHLS repair proteins.
Friedel-Crafts Synthesis of ι-Aroyl Aliphatic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFriedel-Crafts Synthesis of ι-Aroyl Aliphatic Acids1Domenick Papa, Erwin Schwenk, and Hilda HankinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 12, 3018–3022Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01204a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01204a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
α-amidated peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in normal human pituitary (1988)

Normal human pituitaries were extracted in boiling water and acetic acid, and the alpha-amidated peptide products of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH), gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (gamma 1MSH), and amidated hinge peptide (HP-N), as well as their glycine-extended precursors, were characterized by sequence-specific radioimmunoassays, gel-chromatography, h.p.l.c. and amino acid sequencing. alpha MSH and gamma 1MSH constituted 0.27-1.32% and 0.10-5.10%, respectively, of the POMC-derived products [calculated as the sum of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-(1-39), ACTH-(1-14) and alpha MSH immunoreactivity]. alpha MSH and ACTH-(1-14) were only present in non- or mono-acetylated forms. Only large forms of gamma 1MSH and gamma 2MSH were present in partly glycosylated states. The hinge peptides were amidated to an extent two to three orders of magnitude greater than alpha MSH and gamma 1MSH. Most (99%) of the HP-N was of low molecular mass and consisted mainly of HP-N-30. The remaining part was high-molecular-mass HP-N, probably HP-N-108, although the presence of HP-N-44 could not be completely excluded. These results show that all the possible amidated POMC-related peptides are present in normal human pituitary. It also shows that cleavage in vivo at all dibasic amino acids but one, takes place at the N-terminal POMC region; the exception is at the POMC-(49-50) N-terminal of the gamma MSH sequence. The pattern of peptides produced suggests that the generation of amidated peptides is mainly regulated at the endopeptidase level.
Observation of Quantum Jumps (1986)

We have recorded the laser-excited resonance fluorescence of one to three ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ ions and observed Bohr's "quantum jumps" when an ion decayed to the metastable $^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ state, suddenly quenching its fluorescence. Most of the jumps mark Raman-Stokes scattering from the $^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ levels.
Prasinons A and B: Potent Insecticides from <i>Streptomyces prasinus</i> (1973)

Two metabolites which have high activity against sheep blowfly larvae (Lucilia sericata and L. cuprina) were found to be produced by Streptomyces prasinus NCIB 10719. These substances were isolated from culture filtrate by solvent extraction and chromatography and named prasinons A and B. Fermentation factors affecting the formation of these substances are described together with their physical, chemical, and biological properties.
International Conference on Hydraulic Efficiency Measurements Presentation of optimized integration methods and weighting corrections for the acoustic discharge measurement (2008)

According to the appendix of the IEC 60041standard the volume flux Q in a conduit can be determined with the acoustic discharge measurement method by integrating averaged individual path velocity readings. This is done by applying a simplified Gauss-Jacobi integration method, where the individual path readings are weighted and added up. This integration method is then summarized for circular and rectangular sections. The IEC 60041 has the following limitations: First, by assuming a uniform velocity profile, the method cannot cope well with truly turbulent velocity profiles, which fall off at the boundary layers near the wall. To overcome this limitation Voser [3] proposed a modified integration method called OWICS (Optimal Weighted Integration for Circular Sections) with slightly modified optimum sensor positions and weighting coefficients, thus reducing the integration error by 0.1 up to 0.2 percent. Second, the method uses fixed weighting of the averaged path velocities and thus the need for very accurate positioning of the acoustic transducers with respect to the prescribed distances di of the acoustic paths to the pipe centre. Voser [3] also suggested to include the actual, measured path positions for determination of the weighting coefficients and hereby reducing the positioning error strongly.
Fusing Local Image Descriptors for Large-Scale Image Retrieval (2007)

Online image repositories such as Flickr contain hundreds of millions of images and are growing quickly. Along with that the needs for supporting indexing, searching and browsing is becoming more and more pressing. Here we will employ the image content as a source of information to retrieve images and study the representation of images by topic models for content-based image retrieval. We focus on incorporating different types of visual descriptors into the topic modeling context. Three different fusion approaches are explored. The image representations for each fusion approach are learned in an unsupervised fashion, and each image is modeled as a mixture of topics/object parts depicted in the image. However, not all object classes will benefit from all visual descriptors. Therefore, we also investigate which visual descriptor (set) is most appropriate for each of the twelve classes under consideration. We evaluate the presented models on a real world image database consisting of more than 246,000 images.
EFFECTS OF DESALINATION ON HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESS IN PERSIAN GULF (2018)

Desalination is a significant source of potable water to the Persian Gulf (simply, the Gulf) region. At present, the Gulf countries are the biggest users of seawater desalination with over 50% of the worldâ€™s installed capacity. While, as ground- and surface water sources may become scarce or endangered in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, water desalination activities are expected to continue growing in quantity and capacity, particularly in the Gulf region. However, it is not yet clear what the environmental effects are of increased brine discharge to the nearshore and offshore environments, as reliance on mass exchange through the Strait of Hormuz may be insufficient for necessary levels of flushing. To study this, a three-dimensional characterization of the Gulf has been developed using the Delft3D-FLOW hydrodynamic model. This model was used to obtain the hydrodynamics and flow transporting characteristics in the Gulf. In addition to meteorological and oceanographic forcing, the seasonal discharges of four major rivers and numerous desalination plants in the Gulf region were considered to the modeling system. Field measurements from Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMUG) Microstructure Group in 2013 provided the validation for the model. The maximum 4.21 ppt and 4.32â„ƒ increases in salinity and temperature, respectively, due to the brine discharge of desalination were obtained at the adjacent area to six desalination plants in the Gulf.