gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Ceramides and Related Products for Childhood-Onset Eczema (2012)

Atopic eczema or dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing dermatosis associated with pruritus, sleep disturbance and impaired quality of life. AD affects 10 to 20% of school-aged children. The prevalence has increased two to three folds over the past three decades in industrialized countries and there is evidence to suggest that this prevalence is increasing. AD is frustrating to both patients and caregivers and can impose considerable financial impact on the families. The pruritus and sleep disturbance can be intractable and the disease has important physical and psychological implications. Filaggrin (filament-aggregating protein) has an important function in epidermal differentiation and barrier function. Null mutations within the filaggrin gene cause ichthyosis vulgaris and are major risk factors for developing AD. The affected skin of atopic individuals is deficient in natural moisturizing factors (derived from deiminated filaggrin peptides filaggrin) or ceramides (a family of lipid molecules, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of cells in the stratum corneum). Avoidance of triggering factors, optimal skin care and topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy for AD. There are two important dermatologic facets to its management, namely, preventive and therapeutic measures. Preventive measures refer to the frequent and proper application of skin moisturizers. When these preventive measures fail to control the disease exacerbation, therapeutic measures such as topical/systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics and immunomodulating agents may be required to control the skin inflammation. Proper moisturizer therapy can reduce the frequency of flares and the demand of topical corticosteroids or topical calcineurin inhibitors. Regular topical application of a moisturizer is the key in the management of patients with AD. Moisturizer therapy of childhood-onset AD is significantly complicated by the diversity of disease manifestations and by a variety of complex immune abnormalities. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiological process of AD leads to the production of new moisturizers and topical skin products targeted to correct reduced amount of ceramides in the skin with ceramide and pseudoceramide products. However, many cosmetic products claimed to have these ingredients have no or limited studies to document their clinical efficacy. Recent studies have shown the therapeutic efficacy of several new compounds. This review provides an update on recent patents that could develop into novel therapeutics available to the clinical armamentarium for the management of the disease. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, ceramide, moisturizer, pseudoceramide, DRY SKIN, OPTIMAL SKIN CARE, T-cell immunomodulator, asteatotic eczema, contact dermatitis, macrolide
A rapid, simple and sensitive microfluidic chip electrophoresis mass spectrometry method for monitoring amino acids in cell culture media (2021)

The development and optimization of cell culture media for biotech applications is a fundamental step of process development. The composition of cell culture media requires an ideal blend of amino acids, vitamins, nucleosides, lipids, carbohydrates, trace elements and other components. The ability to monitor these constituents is required to ensure that cells receive sufficient nutrients to facilitate growth, viability and productivity. Analysis of cell culture media is challenging due to the range and diversity of compounds contained in this matrix and normally requires time consuming methods. A rapid, simple and sensitive microfluidic chip CE-MS method is described to monitor amino acids in chemically defined cell culture media from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line cultured over a period of 10 days. The described platform enabled the separation of 16 amino acids in less than 2 minutes and without the requirement for extensive sample preparation. The analytical parameters evaluated were precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The majority of essential amino acids were present in cell culture growth in high concentrations compared to non-essential amino acids. Over the course of the 10 days cell culture the concentration of certain amino acids declined by up to 100%. Microfluidic chip based CE-MS methods can be used effectively to obtain the consumption rates of amino acids in cell culture media during cell growth and to perform at-line monitoring and screening of cell culture status.
Regulated expression of two sets of paternally imprinted genes is necessary for mouse parthenogenetic development to term (2006)

Mouse parthenogenetic embryos (PEs) are developmentally arrested until embryo day (E) 9.5 because of genomic imprinting. However, we have shown that embryos containing genomes from non-growing (ng) and fully grown (fg) oocytes, i.e. ng(wt)/fg(wt) PE (wt, wild type), developed to E13.5. Moreover, parthenogenetic development could be extended to term by further regulation of Igf2 and H19 expression using mice with deletion of the H19 transcription unit (H19Delta13) together with its differentially unit (DMR). To gain an insight into the extended development of the parthenotes to term, we have here investigated the expression levels of paternally imprinted genes in ng(H19Delta13)/fg(wt) PE throughout their development. In ng(H19Delta13)/fg(wt) Pes that died soon after recovery, the expression of Igf2 and H19 was restored to the appropriate levels except for low Igf2 expression in the liver after E15.5. Further, the paternally expressed Dlk1 and Dio3 were repressed, while the expression levels of the maternal Gtl2 and Mirg were twice those of the controls. However, the above-mentioned four genes showed almost normal expression in the surviving ng(H19Delta13)/fg(wt) PEs. The methylation analysis revealed that the intragenic DMR of the Dlk1-Gtl2 domain was hypermethylated in the ng(H19Delta13)/fg(wt) PEs that survived, but not in the PEs that died soon after recovery. The present study suggests that two sets of co-ordinately regulated but oppositely expressed genes, Igf2-H19 and Dlk1-Gtl2, act as a critical barrier to parthenogenetic development in order to render a paternal contribution obligatory for descendants in mammals.
From Rio to Johannesburg and beyond - the long march towards sustainability : address given at the Global Conference Building a Sustainable World, 21-23 Oct. 2002 (2003)

Address given at the Global Conference Building a Sustainable World organised by The Brazilian Association for Ecology and Water and Air Pollution Prevention (ABEPPOLAR) and The International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection (IUAPPA).
A low-light-level sensor for medical diagnostic applications (2001)

A low-level light sensor and preprocessor for a disposable medical probe is described. A 10-Hz 4-/spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/ input optical signal in the visible spectrum is assumed in chemoluminant diagnostic applications. A single-bit first-order sigma-delta modulator has been employed for analog-to-digital conversion, thanks to its robustness, simplicity, inherent linearity, and high signal-to-noise ratio. A current buffer has been used to replicate the weak signal with sufficient bandwidth. Tests have shown the feasibility of this approach, and have also enabled improvements of the design.
Morphology of polyanhydride copolymers: Time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies of crystallization (2005)

Abstract Synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the isothermal crystallization kinetics of a family of polyanhydride copolymers consisting of 1,6‐bis( p ‐carboxyphenoxy)hexane and sebacic acid monomers. In situ SAXS experiments permitted the direct observation of the crystallization kinetics. The structural parameters (the long period, lamellar thickness, and degree of crystallinity) were obtained from Lorentz‐corrected intensity profiles, one‐dimensional correlation functions, and interface distribution functions to form a comprehensive picture of the crystal morphology. The combination of these three analyses provided information not only on the lamellar dimensions but also on the polydispersity (nonuniformity) of these dimensions. Where possible, the crystallization kinetics were interpreted with a modified version of the Avrami equation. The results can be used to perform the rational design of controlled‐drug‐release formulations because crystallinity affects drug‐release kinetics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 463–477, 2005
<title>Use of 3000 Bragg grating strain sensors distributed on four 8-m optical fibers during static load tests of a composite structure</title> (2001)

This paper describes the use of a fiber optic system to measure strain at thousands of locations along optical fibers where weakly reflecting Bragg gratings have been photoetched. The optical fibers were applied to an advanced composite transport wing long with conventional foil strain gages. A comparison of the fiber optic and foil gage systems used for this test will be presented including: a brief description of both strain data systems; a discussion of the process used for installation of the optical fiber; comparative data from the composite wing test; the processes used for the location and display of the high density fiber optic data. Calibration data demonstrating the potential accuracy of the fiber optic system will also be presented. The opportunities for industrial and commercial applications will be discussed. The fiber optic technique is shown to be a valuable augmentation to foil strain gages providing insight to structural behavior previously requiring reliance on modeling.
Molecular Characterization of the Human Transmembrane Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase δ (1995)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) play an essential role in the regulation of cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. A major subfamily of these enzymes is the transmembrane-type PTPases that contain extracellular regions comprised of Ig-like and fibronectin type III (FN-III)-like domains. Characterization of the human transmembrane PTPase delta (HPTP delta) revealed the existence of multiple HPTP delta isoforms that vary in their extracellular regions. The full-length HPTP delta isoform has an extracellular region containing three Ig-like and eight FN-III-like domains connected via a transmembrane peptide to an intracellular region with two PTPase domains, whereas another isoform lacks four of the eight FN-III like domains. Furthermore, other HPTP delta isoforms exist that lack 9 amino acids within the second Ig-like domain and 4 amino acids at the junction of the second and third Ig-like domains or 9 amino acids within the fifth FN-III-like domain. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that HPTP delta isoforms lacking these short peptides are expressed in kidney, whereas isoforms containing these peptides are expressed in the brain. Analysis of HPTP delta biosynthesis demonstrated that HPTP delta is expressed as a complex of two noncovalently associated subunits derived from a proprotein and that the HPTP delta ectodomain is shed from the cell surface. Mutational analysis of the HPTP delta proprotein cleavage site revealed the existence of two or three functional and overlapping furin-like endoprotease cleavage sites.
Biodistribution of a monoclonal antibody-methotrexate conjugate (791T/36-MTX) in patients with colorectal cancer (1988)

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 791T/36 which has previously been shown to localise in colorectal cancer has been conjugated to methotrexate (MTX) for potential use as a chemotherapeutic agent in malignant disease. To examine its biodistribution and tumour localisation, 16 patients with primary colorectal cancer were injected intravenously with 131I-labelled 791T/36-MTX conjugate and imaged using a gamma camera after 48-72 hr. Serial blood samples were taken to determine the levels of circulating conjugate and samples of tumour and normal colon were assayed for uptake of radioactivity. Whole body biodistribution, visualised by gamma scintigraphy, and blood clearance of both the antibody and drug moieties of 791T/36-MTX were similar to that previously found with unconjugated antibody. Assays of tissue radioactivity showed positive tumour uptake of drug-antibody conjugate (T:NT greater than 1.9:1) in 13/15 primary tumour specimens (median T:NT = 2.9:1). These studies indicate that 791T/36-MTX conjugates may have potential in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Plasma Klotho, and Lower-Extremity Physical Performance Among Older Adults: Findings From the InCHIANTI Study (2015)

Plasma klotho and 25(OH)D both positively related to lower-extremity physical performance. However, the findings did not support the hypothesis that klotho mediates the relation of 25(OH)D with physical performance.
Implementation of QR Codes at Indiana University’s Fine Arts Library (2012)

A project to incorporate QR codes into the program of the Fine Arts Library at Indiana University-Bloomington (IUB), launched during the summer of 2011, had two goals designed to increase access to course-related research materials: to embed traceable QR codes in course syllabi leading to custom course resource web pages developed and hosted by the library, and to place QR codes on the library’s website and in prominent locations throughout the facility. The author concludes that web pages tailored to courses are a useful way to introduce research materials to tech-savvy students in the classroom, and that implementation of a QR code and accompanying URL on a course syllabus is an effective tool for the library and faculty in their work with students.
New binary coumarins from Citrus plants. (1990)

Two new binary coumarins, khelmarin-A (1) and -B (2), were isolated from root bark of Poncirus trifoliata which had been used as a rootstock of Citrus Hassaku (hassaku), and roots of original seedlings of Citrus canariculata (kiku-daidai), respectively. The structurs of the new binary coumarins 1 and 2 contain cis-khellactone (3) as a common structural component, which is linked with a nordentatin (5) or a xanthoxyletin (6) unit, respectively.
Fast Anomaly Detection in Multiple Multi-Dimensional Data Streams (2019)

Multiple multi-dimensional data streams are ubiquitous in the modern world, such as IoT applications, GIS applications and social networks. Detecting anomalies in such data streams in real-time is an important and challenging task. It is able to provide valuable information from data and then assists decision-making. However, exiting approaches for anomaly detection in multi-dimensional data streams have not properly considered the correlations among multiple multi-dimensional streams. Moreover, for multi-dimensional streaming data, online detection speed is often an important concern. In this paper, we propose a fast yet effective anomaly detection approach in multiple multi-dimensional data streams. This is based on a combination of ideas, i.e., stream pre-processing, locality sensitive hashing and dynamic isolation forest. Experiments on real datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves a magnitude increase in its efficiency compared with state-of-the-art approaches while maintaining competitive detection accuracy.
CONTROL OF ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS IN <i>PETUNIA HYBRIDA</i> BY MULTIPLE ALLELIC SERIES OF THE GENES <i>An1</i> AND <i>An2</i> (1984)

A mutable allele of the An1 locus in Petunia hybrida has given rise to a multiple series of stable derivative alleles. Anthocyanin concentration in mature flowers of these mutants (an1(+/ p)/an1) decreases from the wild-type red to the recessive white in a continuous series. Anthocyanin composition changes regularly: the ratio of peonidin to cyanidin is 3.5 for an an1(+/+)/ an1 and 1.2 for an an1(+/p5)/an1 mutant. Analysis of anthocyanins during flower development indicates that these differences in composition are due to the specific state of the An1 locus and not to anthocyanin concentration. Anthocyanin concentration in flowers of the allelic series for An1 correlates with the activity of the enzymes UDP-glucose: flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase and SAM: anthocyanin-3'- O-methyltransferase. The same correlations were found for members of a comparable allelic series at the An2 locus. The possibility that the correlation between the enzyme activities is due to the occurrence of a multienzyme complex is discussed.
Characterization of a Cysteine-Containing Peptide Tether Immobilized onto a Gold Surface (2002)

One side of a triangular molecular tile has been successfully synthesized. The synthesized peptide contains two cysteines (Cys), two glutamic acids (Glu), and a p-aminomethylbenzoyl-p-benzoic acid (AMBBA). The cysteines anchor the peptide to a gold surface by formation of gold−thiolate bonds. The negatively charged glutamic acids should assist in the binding of positively charged proteins to the peptide. The rigid AMBBA provides a benzophenone group for photochemically tethering proteins to the peptide and also acts as the corner for the triangle. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure were used to characterize the composition and orientation of the AMBBA-Cys-Glu-Cys-Glu peptide on the gold surface. Adsorption from 7 μM solutions of the peptide in phosphate-buffered saline produced peptide overlayers with the thiol groups from both cysteines bound to the gold surface. The amide groups of the peptide backbone and the aromatic rings of the AMBBA groups were both oriented parallel to the gold surface. ESCA and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that albumin could be successfully photoimmobilized to the adsorbed peptide tether. The AMBBA-Cys-Glu-Cys-Glu peptide on gold also could photochemically tether chymotrypsin. The tethered chymotrypsin was active and capable of cleaving a fluorogenic substrate. When the chymotrypsin was tethered as a positively charged protein, it exhibited higher enzyme activity than when it was tethered as a negatively charged protein. However, in all cases the activity of the bound chymotrypsin was lower than its activity in solution.
Origins of Cardiac Fibroblasts (2010)

Cardiac fibroblasts play a critical role in maintenance of normal cardiac function. They are indispensable for damage control and tissue remodeling on myocardial injury and principal mediators of pathological cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Despite their manyfold functions, cardiac fibroblasts remain poorly characterized in molecular terms. Evidence is evolving that cardiac fibroblasts are a heterogeneous population and likely derive from various distinct tissue niches in health and disease. Here, we review our emerging understanding of where cardiac fibroblasts come from, as well as how we can possibly use this knowledge to develop novel therapies for cardiac fibrosis.
Development and assessment of problem resolution capabilities for the en route sector controller (2001)

This paper provides an overview of problem resolution capabilities being developed to assist en route air traffic controllers. This function is termed Problem Analysis, Resolution and Ranking (PARR). PARR is envisioned as an enhancement to the User Request Evaluation Tool (URET) Free Flight Phase 1 (FFP1) capability, and has been designated as Priority Research for the follow-on Free Flight Phase 2 (FFP2) effort. PARR is being developed as a series of incremental enhancements to URET, with the first step focusing on providing additional support to the Radar Associate (D) controller for the resolution of aircraft-to-a ircraft and aircraft-to-airspace problems. Subsequent enhancements address the avoidance of severe weather areas, the implementation of Traffic Flow Management (TFM) flow initiatives, and the integration into a common en route Sector Team Computer-Human Interface (CHI). This paper provides an overview of the initial PARR capabilities and a summary of results from ongoing evaluations with active field controllers. An overview of the techniques being developed for the PARR functional performance and benefits assessment are given, along with initial results. Finally, concepts are described for the enhancement of URET and PARR to assist in the avoidance of severe weather areas and implementation of TFM flow initiatives.
Occurrence of novel groups of the domain Bacteria as revealed by analysis of genetic material isolated from an Australian terrestrial environment (1992)

A molecular ecological study was performed on an Australian soil sample to unravel a substantial portion of the bacterial diversity. A large fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, using DNA isolated by lysing the microorganisms directly within the soil matrix, and a clone library was generated. Comparative sequence analysis of 30 clones and dot blot hybridization of 83 additional clones with defined oligonucleotide probes revealed the presence of three major groups of prokaryotes of the domain Bacteria. The first one comprises 57 clones that indicate relatives of nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the alpha-2 subclass of the class Proteobacteria; the second group of 7 clones originates from members of the order Planctomycetales that, however, reveal no close relationship to any of the described Planctomycetales species; 22 clones of the third group are indicative of members of a novel main line of descent, sharing a common ancestry with members of planctomycetes and chlamydiae.
Reduction of pulsed gradient settling time in the superconducting magnet of a magnetic resonance instrument (1987)

The implementation of electronic compensation for eddy currents to reduce the gradient settling times on a superconducting magnet is described. Field plots inside the magnet indicate the importance of assessing the field changes at several positions in the magnet. The effect of an asymmetry between the gradient coil system and the cryostat is demonstrated. A modified compensation circuit is described to overcome this mechanical asymmetry.
Formation of nucleoprotein complexes between polyoma empty capsides and DNA (1975)

Purified polyoma empty capsids and polyoma type I DNA interact in a cell-free system to form nucleoprotein complexes. Complexes that consist of one, two, three, and four empty capsids per DNA molecule have been detected. Polyoma virions or capsomers do not react with added DNA to form such complexes.