gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of potential processing techniques for the encapsulation of wastes in thermoplastic polymers (1995)

Thermoplastic encapsulation has been extensively studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory`s (BNL) Environmental and Waste Technology Center (EWTC) as a waste encapsulation technology applicable to a wide range of waste types including radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes. Encapsulation involves processing thermoplastic and waste materials into a waste form product by heating and mixing both materials into a homogeneous molten mixture. Cooling of the melt results in a solid monolithic waste form in which contaminants have been completely surrounded by a polymer matrix. Heating and mixing requirements for successful waste encapsulation can be met using proven technologies available in various types of commercial equipment. Processing techniques for thermoplastic materials, such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), are well established within the plastics industry. The majority of commercial polymer processing is accomplished using extruders, mixers or a combination of these technologies. Extruders and mixers are available in a broad range of designs and are used during the manufacture of consumer and commercial products as well as for compounding applications. Compounding which refers to mixing additives such as stabilizers and/or colorants with polymers, is analogous to thermoplastic encapsulation. Several processing technologies were investigated for their potential application in encapsulating residual sorbent waste in selected thermoplastic polymers, including single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, continuous mixers, batch mixers as well as other less conventional devices. Each was evaluated based on operational ease, quality control, waste handling capabilities as well as degree of waste pretreatment required. Based on literature review, this report provides a description of polymer processing technologies, a discussion of the merits and limitations of each and an evaluation of their applicability to the encapsulation of sorbent wastes.
Development of W/O/W multiple emulsion formulation containing Burkholderia gladioli (2005)

【W/O/W (water-in-oil-in-water) type multiple emulsion was applied to improve the storage stability of an antagonistic microorganism, Burkholderia gladioli. Encapsulation of microorganism into a W/O/W emulsion was conducted by using a two-step emulsification method. W/O/W emulsion was prepared by the incorporation of B. gladioli into rapeseed oil and the addition of polyglycerin polyriconolate (PGPR) and castor oil polyoxyethylene (COG 25) as the primary and secondary emulsifier, respectively. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as an emulsion stabilizer. To evaluate the usefulness of W/O/W emulsion formulation as a microbial pesticide for controlling the bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum), the storage stability and antagonistic activity of emulsion formulation were tested in vitro. The storage stability test revealed that the viability of formulated cells in emulsion was higher than that of unformulated cells in culture broth. At $4^{\circ}C$ , the viabilities of formulated cells and unformulated cells at the end of 20 weeks decreased to about 2 and 5 log cycles, respectively. At $37^{\circ}C$ , the viability of formulated cells decreased to only 2 log cycles at the end of storage. On the other hand, the viable cells in culture broth were not detected after 13 weeks. In activity test, formulated cells in emulsion were more effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogen than unformulated cells in culture broth. Unformulated cells completely lost their antagonistic activity during storage under similar conditions. The W/O/W multiple emulsion formulation was shown to be useful as the novel liquid formulation for biological control.】
Nephropathy in Zucker Diabetic Fat Rat Is Associated with Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress (2004)

Zucker diabetic fat (ZDF) rats with the metabolic syndrome and hyperlipidemia develop focal and segmental sclerosis. The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the nephropathy in ZDF was studied. Renal histology, function, and immunohistologic and biochemical parameters of oxidative and nitrosative stress were evaluated at 8 and 22 wk of age in ZDF and Zucker lean (ZL) rats and after chronic treatment with ebselen, an antioxidant and peroxinitrite scavenger. At 8 wk, ZDF rats showed hyperglycemia, no proteinuria or nephropathy, but higher levels of dihydrobiopterin and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT)-modified proteins compared with age-matched ZL rats. At 22 wk, ZDF rats developed focal and segmental sclerosis, proteinuria, decreased creatinine clearance, and renal tissue levels of glutathione and tetrahydrobiopterin with further elevation in dihydrobiopterin and 3-NT-modified proteins, in contrast to age-matched ZL rats. Renal immunohistologic expression of lipid peroxidation products and 3-NT-modified proteins also increased in 22-wk-old ZDF but not in ZL rats. Chronic ebselen treatment of ZDF rats restored renal tissue levels of glutathione and tetrahydrobiopterin; prevented significant accumulation of dihydrobiopterin, lipid peroxidation products, and 3-NT-modified proteins; and ameliorated focal and segmental sclerosis, proteinuria, and fall in creatinine clearance without affecting mean BP, body weight, and blood glucose, compared with the untreated ZDF rats. Chronic ebselen therapy also ameliorated vasculopathy with lipid deposits and tubulointerstitial scarring, inflammation, and upregulated alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. These findings suggest that ZDF rats develop a progressive nephropathy with glomerular, vascular, and tubulointerstitial pathology. Oxidative and nitrosative stress predates the nephropathy, which is improved by peroxinitrite scavenger ebselen, and thus considered its cause and not consequence.
Underbalanced Perforating Design (1989)

ABSTRACT A review of perforating regimes is presented followed by equations and tables which provide provide design guidelines for: the minimum underbalance pressure necessary to provide clean perforations, andthe maximum underbalance pressure which can be tolerated without causing sand production.an underbalance pressure which is recommended. The properties of the reservoir and of the adjacent formations are the independent variables of the equations. The work of previous investigators provides the foundation for these equations. Several case histories are presented. They generally confirm the validity of the equations. They show the remarkable production increases that are obtainable with underbalanced, high density, perforating. Data are presented which show the damage caused by killing a well which originally had clean perforations. Some of this damage was temporary. Laminated formations and perforating overbalanced are discussed. A recommended method for selecting the perforating method and conditions is highlighted.
In-depth<i>N</i>-glycome profiling of paired colorectal cancer and non-tumorigenic tissues reveals cancer-, stage- and EGFR-specific protein N-glycosylation (2015)

Glycomics may assist in uncovering the structure-function relationships of protein glycosylation and identify glycoprotein markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) research. Herein, we performed label-free quantitative glycomics on a carbon-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based analytical platform to accurately profile the N-glycosylation changes associated with CRC malignancy. N-Glycome profiling was performed on isolated membrane proteomes of paired tumorigenic and adjacent non-tumorigenic colon tissues from a cohort of five males (62.6 ± 13.1 y.o.) suffering from colorectal adenocarcinoma. The CRC tissues were typed according to their epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Detailed N-glycan characterization and relative quantitation identified an extensive structural heterogeneity with a total of 91 N-glycans. CRC-specific N-glycosylation phenotypes were observed including an overrepresentation of high mannose, hybrid and paucimannosidic type N-glycans and an under-representation of complex N-glycans (P < 0.05). Sialylation, in particular α2,6-sialylation, was significantly higher in CRC tumors relative to non-tumorigenic tissues, whereas α2,3-sialylation was down-regulated (P < 0.05). CRC stage-specific N-glycosylation was detected by high α2,3-sialylation and low bisecting β1,4-GlcNAcylation and Lewis-type fucosylation in mid-late relative to early stage CRC. Interestingly, a novel link between the EGFR status and the N-glycosylation was identified using hierarchical clustering of the N-glycome profiles. EGFR-specific N-glycan signatures included high bisecting β1,4-GlcNAcylation and low α2,3-sialylation (both P < 0.05) relative to EGFR-negative CRC tissues. This is the first study to correlate CRC stage and EGFR status with specific N-glycan features, thus advancing our understanding of the mechanisms causing the biomolecular deregulation associated with CRC.
Activation of the Cation Channel Long Transient Receptor Potential Channel 2 (LTRPC2) by Hydrogen Peroxide (2002)

LTRPC2 is a cation channel recently reported to be activated by adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADP-ribose) and NAD. Since ADP-ribose can be formed from NAD and NAD is elevated during oxidative stress, we studied whole cell currents and increases in the intercellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in long transient receptor potential channel 2 (LTRPC2)-transfected HEK 293 cells after stimulation with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Cation currents carried by monovalent cations and Ca(2+) were induced by H(2)O(2) (5 mm in the bath solution) as well as by intracellular ADP-ribose (0.3 mm in the pipette solution) but not by NAD (1 mm). H(2)O(2)-induced currents developed slowly after a characteristic delay of 3-6 min and receded after wash-out of H(2)O(2). [Ca(2+)](i) was rapidly increased by H(2)O(2) in LTRPC2-transfected cells as well as in control cells; however, in LTRPC2-transfected cells, H(2)O(2) evoked a second delayed rise in [Ca(2+)](i). A splice variant of LTRPC2 with a deletion in the C terminus (amino acids 1292-1325) was identified in neutrophil granulocytes. This variant was stimulated by H(2)O(2) as the wild type. However, it did not respond to ADP-ribose. We conclude that activation of LTRPC2 by H(2)O(2) is independent of ADP-ribose and that LTRPC2 may mediate the influx of Na(+) and Ca(2+) during oxidative stress, such as the respiratory burst in granulocytes.
Cytotoxicity of apigenin on leukemia cell lines: implications for prevention and therapy (2010)

Natural-food-based compounds show substantial promise for prevention and biotherapy of cancers including leukemia. In general, their mechanism of action remains unclear, hampering rational use of these compounds. Herein we show that the common dietary flavonoid apigenin has anticancer activity, but also may decrease chemotherapy sensitivity, depending on the cell type. We analyzed the molecular consequences of apigenin treatment in two types of leukemia, the myeloid and erythroid subtypes. Apigenin blocked proliferation in both lineages through cell-cycle arrest in G(2)/M phase for myeloid HL60 and G(0)/G(1) phase for erythroid TF1 cells. In both cell lines the JAK/STAT pathway was one of major targets of apigenin. Apigenin inhibited PI3K/PKB pathway in HL60 and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, no apoptosis was detected in TF1 cells, but initiation of autophagy was observed. The block in cell cycle and induction of autophagy observed in this erythroleukemia cell line resulted in a reduced susceptibility toward the commonly used therapeutic agent vincristine. Thus, this study shows that although apigenin is a potential chemopreventive agent due to the induction of leukemia cell-cycle arrest, caution in dietary intake of apigenin should be taken during disease as it potentially interferes with cancer treatment.
Arynic and SNAr reactions of polyhalogenobenzenes. V. Synthesis of benzofurans (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArynic and SNAr reactions of polyhalogenobenzenes. V. Synthesis of benzofuransPaul Caubere and Lucien LallozCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 20, 2859–2863Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00908a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00908a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cache Filtering Techniques to Reduce the Negative Impact of Useless Speculative Memory References on Processor Performance (2004)

High-performance processors employ aggressive speculation and prefetching techniques to increase performance. Speculative memory references caused by these techniques sometimes bring data into the caches that are not needed by correct execution. This paper proposes the use of the first-level caches as filters that predict the usefulness of speculative memory references. With the proposed technique, speculative memory references bring data only into the first-level caches rather than all levels in the cache hierarchy. The processor monitors the use of the cache blocks in the first-level caches and decides which blocks to keep in the cache hierarchy based on the usefulness of cache blocks. It is shown that a simple implementation of this technique usually outperforms inclusive and exclusive baseline cache hierarchies commonly used by today's processors and results in IPC performance improvements of up to 9.2% on the SPEC2000 integer benchmarks.
Discovery and Characterization of Novel, Potent, Non-Peptide Parathyroid Hormone-1 Receptor Antagonists (2007)

A 1,3,4-benzotriazepine was identified as a suitable lead in our effort toward obtaining a non-peptide parathyroid hormone-1 receptor (PTH1R) antagonist. A process of optimization afforded derivatives displaying nanomolar PTH1R affinity, a representative example of which behaved as a PTH1R antagonist in cell-based cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assays, with selectivity over PTH2 receptors.
Policy conflict analysis in distributed system management (1994)

Distributed system management is concerned with the tasks needed to ensure that large distributed systems can function in accordance with the objectives of their users. These objectives are typically set out in the form of policies that are interpreted by the system managers. There are benefits to be gained by providing automated support for human managers, or actually automating routine management tasks. To do this, it is desirable to have a model of policies as objects that can be interpreted by the system itself. The model is summarized. It is clear that there is the potential for conflicts between policies. These conflicts may be resolved informally by human managers, but if an automated system is to recognize them and resolve them appropriately, first it is necessary to analyze the types of conflict that may occur. We analyze the types of overlap that may occur between policies, and show that this analysis corresponds to several familiar types of policy conflict. Some possible approaches to the prevention and resolution of conflicts are suggested, and this work is put into the context of other work on policies and related areas, including deontic logic.
Adipose tissue: contributions of nature and nurture to the obesity of an obese mutant mouse ( <i>ob/ob</i> ) (1977)

Abstract 1. The aim of the investigation was to compare the contributions of the genotype of the adipose tissue and of its environment to the obesity of the mutant mouse C57 B1/6J ob/ob. 2. These obese mice had been sufficiently often backcrossed onto the C57 B1/6J background to make alloplastic transplantation possible. 3. Pieces of either epididymal or subcutaneous fat from lean or obese mice were transplanted to a site underneath the kidney capsule of recipient lean and obese mice. The grafts were left in place for a month and then examined histologically to measure fat cell diameters from which fat cell masses were estimated. 4. The fat cells of obese donor fat decrease in size in a ‘lean environ­ment’ to the size typical of ‘lean fat’ while the cells of lean donor fat transplanted into an ‘obese environment’ increase to the size typical of ‘obese fat’. 5. When both lean and obese fat tissue was transplanted onto opposite kidneys of the same mouse, the tissue acquired the cell size characteristic of its common host. 6. The internal environment is thus of paramount importance and inherent properties of adipose tissue are of lesser importance in determin­ing obesity in ob/ob mice.
Cellular contacts required for neural induction in <i>Xenopus</i> embryos: evidence for two signals (1989)

ABSTRACT Neurogenesis begins in amphibian embryos around the time of gastrulation when a portion of the ectoderm receives an inducing signal from dorsal mesoderm. Two different proposals have been made for how ectoderm must come into contact with dorsal mesoderm in order for the inducing signal to pass between the two tissues. Induction in one proposal would require normal gastru-lation movements to bring dorsal mesoderm under-neath, and into apposition with, the overlying ectoderm. The inducing signal in this case would pass between dorsal mesoderm and ectoderm as apposed tissue layers. The other proposal is that induction requires only a small contact between ectoderm and dorsal mesoderm at the boundary they share before gastrulation. The in-ducing signal by this proposal would pass laterally across this small area of contact between mesoderm and ectoderm, perhaps before gastrulation, and spread within the ectodermal cell layer. Since it is not known to what extent neurogenesis depends on each of these proposed contacts between ectoderm and dorsal meso-derm, we have generated explants of embryonic tissue in which one or the other type of contact between meso-derm and ectoderm is favored. The amount of neural tissue formed under these various conditions was then assessed using a quantitative RNase protection assay to measure the levels of two neural-specific RNA tran-scripts. The results show that neural tissue forms efficiently when ectoderm and dorsal mesoderm only interact laterally within a plane of tissue. In contrast, neural tissue, forms extremely poorly when ectoderm is placed experimentally in apposition with involuting, anterior-dorsal mesoderm. Finally, a synergistic effect is obtained when both types of contacts can occur between ectoderm and mesoderm indicating that two signals may be required for neural induction in Xenopus embryos.
Proem to a quantum leap in audiometric data collection and management. (1978)

A revolution began in 1961 when Weiss first mated a minicomputer to an audiometer. Today's technology offers a number of aids to the audiometrist in standardizing stimulus presentation patterns, objectifying and validating responses, computing HTL from a response pattern, computing significant threshold shifts from baseline audiograms, computing percentage binaural hearing impairment for a person, etc. Audiometers can be made which self-calibrate and are fail-safe. Furthermore, a revolution has occurred in replacing an audiogram written record, for example a card, with a system in which the audiometer transfers HTL data directly into computer storage without the possibility of transcription error. A group of turnkey and interlocking terminals allows the audiometric data of any individual serviced to be retrieved and/or updated from any terminal in the system. This paper lists commercial models simulating standard manual audiometry, models computerizing Bekesy audiometry, and some experimental models on yet other principles. Psychometric methods and methods for response validation suitable for audiometry are discussed, and out of many possible suggestions a few are offered for audiometric paradigms which may go beyond simulation of ASHA guidelines and ANSI specifications for manual threshold audiometry in order to take advantage of the power available from the computer as a tool in audiometry. For example, a computer can scan the responses of as many as 32 subjects simultaneously, offer each an adaptive program based on his response, and printout HTL's in conventional audiometric format.
Probiotics in Health and Disease: Distinct Roles of Different Strains in Natural Killer Cell Activation and Regulation (2021)

Elucidating the role of probiotic bacteria in health and disease perhaps constitutes one of the most exciting and fastest growing fields in medicine as we uncover the beneficial roles of these bacteria in many disease processes including cancer. We and others have reported previously that probiotic bacteria play a significant role in the activation of many cells including the cancer fighting natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are the key immune effectors which control tumor growth and metastasis due to their ability to mediate direct cytotoxicity and/or differentiation of cancer stem cells/undifferentiated tumors through secreted and membrane bound interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies from our laboratory and those of the others on their beneficial effects on immune cell function in particular on NK cells. In addition, we also highlight the current understanding of the role of probiotics in enhancement of the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics. Moreover, we discuss the functional impairment of cancer patients' NK cells and the role of probiotics in reversal of such functional impairment. NK cell-based immuno-therapies in combination with well-selected strains of probiotic bacteria may probably represent one of the best adjunct therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat cancer in the future.
Hydrophobic Vitamin B12. Part 20: Supernucleophilicity of Co(I) Heptamethyl Cobyrinate toward Various Organic Halides (2005)

Abstract Heptamethyl cobyrinate, hydrophobic vitamin B12, was reduced to its Co(I) species by a reaction with sodium tetrahydroborate, which reacted with various organic halides, such as CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, CHBrCl2, CHBr3, CCl3CH3, CFCl3, and BrCH2CH2CH3, to form the corresponding alkylated complexes with dehalogenation. The alkylated complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and ESI-MS, and the photo-lability of the alkylated complexes was confirmed by the UV–vis absorption spectral change. The fashion for cleavage of the cobalt–carbon bond under irradiation with visible light was investigated by an ESR spin-trapping technique. The redox behavior of a series of alkylated complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The alkylated complexes showed an irreversible reduction peak at −1.21 to −1.29 V vs Ag–AgCl, which showed cleavage of the cobalt–carbon bond by electrolysis.
Cardiovascular Inflammation and Lesion Cell Apoptosis (2009)

Although critical for antigen presentation, the immunoproteasome appears to be a key link between inflammatory factors and the control of vascular cell apoptosis and may thus be an important factor in plaque rupture and myocardial infarction.