gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Computing (2008)

Designing distributed computing systems is a complex process requiring a solid understanding of the design problems and the theoretical and practical aspects of their solutions. This comprehensive textbook covers the fundamental principles and models underlying the theory, algorithms and systems aspects of distributed computing. Broad and detailed coverage of the theory is balanced with practical systems-related issues such as mutual exclusion, deadlock detection, authentication, and failure recovery. Algorithms are carefully selected, lucidly presented, and described without complex proofs. Simple explanations and illustrations are used to elucidate the algorithms. Important emerging topics such as peer-to-peer networks and network security are also considered. With vital algorithms, numerous illustrations, examples and homework problems, this textbook is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of electrical and computer engineering and computer science. Practitioners in data networking and sensor networks will also find this a valuable resource. Additional resources are available online at www.cambridge.org/9780521876346.
AI-KU: Using Substitute Vectors and Co-Occurrence Modeling For Word Sense Induction and Disambiguation (2013)

Word sense induction aims to discover different senses of a word from a corpus by using unsupervised learning approaches. Once a sense inventory is obtained for an ambiguous word, word sense discrimination approaches choose the best-fitting single sense for a given context from the induced sense inventory. However, there may not be a clear distinction between one sense and another, although for a context, more than one induced sense can be suitable. Graded word sense method allows for labeling a word in more than one sense. In contrast to the most common approach which is to apply clustering or graph partitioning on a representation of first or second order co-occurrences of a word, we propose a system that creates a substitute vector for each target word from the most likely substitutes suggested by a statistical language model. Word samples are then taken according to probabilities of these substitutes and the results of the co-occurrence model are clustered. This approach outperforms the other systems on graded word sense induction task in SemEval-2013.
Arraying Alternative Housing Archetypes: An Outline Resource (2003)

This article provides an ongoing research on the interactive housing design online model for exploring possible housing layouts. Earlier research on the spatial composition of the Schindler Shelter is reiterated and then, an online resource model with a java applet is developed to illustrate possible housing layouts.
Trouble in Tassie (2010)

EarthSong has many times sung the praises of Tasmania, its wilderness areas, unique and diverse wildlife, and superb coastlines, but recently a dark side has emerged which is demanding more serious attention. The ABC's Australian Story recently broadcast programs that highlight some issues that raise serious questions. The following is a summary of Australian Story's 'Something in the water'.
<title>Metropolitian area network services comprised of virtual local area networks running over hybrid fiber-coax and asynchronous transfer mode technologies</title> (1995)

Since 1990 there has been a rapid increase in the demand for communication services, especially local and wide area network (LAN/WAN) oriented services. With the introduction of the DFB laser transmitter, hybrid-fiber-coax (HFC) cable plant designs, ATM transport technologies and rf modems, new LAN/WAN services can now be defined and marketed to residential and business customers over existing cable TV systems. The term metropolitan area network (MAN) can be used to describe this overall network. This paper discusses the technical components needed to provision these services as well as provides some perspectives on integration issues. Architecture at the headend and in the backbone is discussed, as well as specific service definitions and the technology issues associated with each. The TCP/IP protocol is suggested as a primary protocol to be used throughout the MAN.
3D Printed Polymer Photodetectors (2018)

Extrusion-based 3D printing, an emerging technology, has been previously used in the comprehensive fabrication of light-emitting diodes using various functional inks, without cleanrooms or conventional microfabrication techniques. Here, polymer-based photodetectors exhibiting high performance are fully 3D printed and thoroughly characterized. A semiconducting polymer ink is printed and optimized for the active layer of the photodetector, achieving an external quantum efficiency of 25.3%, which is comparable to that of microfabricated counterparts and yet created solely via a one-pot custom built 3D-printing tool housed under ambient conditions. The devices are integrated into image sensing arrays with high sensitivity and wide field of view, by 3D printing interconnected photodetectors directly on flexible substrates and hemispherical surfaces. This approach is further extended to create integrated multifunctional devices consisting of optically coupled photodetectors and light-emitting diodes, demonstrating for the first time the multifunctional integration of multiple semiconducting device types which are fully 3D printed on a single platform. The 3D-printed optoelectronic devices are made without conventional microfabrication facilities, allowing for flexibility in the design and manufacturing of next-generation wearable and 3D-structured optoelectronics, and validating the potential of 3D printing to achieve high-performance integrated active electronic materials and devices.
Cooling energy savings potential of light-colored roofs for residential and commercial buildings in 11 US metropolitan areas (1997)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored this project to estimate potential energy and monetary savings resulting from the implementation of light-colored roofs on residential and commercial buildings in major U.S. metropolitan areas. Light-colored roofs reflect more sunlight than dark roofs, so they keep buildings cooler and reduce air-conditioning demand. Typically, rooftops in the United States are dark, and thus there is a potential for saving energy and money by changing to reflective roofs. Naturally, the expected savings are higher in southern, sunny, and cloudless climates. In this study, we make quantitative estimates of reduction in peak power demand and annual cooling electricity use that would result from increasing the reflectivity of the roofs. Since light-colored roofs also reflect heat in the winter, the estimates of annual electricity savings are a net value corrected for the increased wintertime energy use. Savings estimates only include direct reduction in building energy use and do not account for the indirect benefit that would also occur from the reduction in ambient temperature, i.e. a reduction in the heat island effect. This analysis is based on simulations of building energy use, using the DOE-2 building energy simulation program. Our methodology starts with specifying 11 prototypical buildings: single-family residential (old and new), office (old and new), retail store (old and new), school (primary and secondary), health (hospital and nursing home), and grocery store. Most prototypes are simulated with two heating systems: gas furnace and heat pumps. We then perform DOE-2 simulations of the prototypical buildings, with light and dark roofs, in a variety of climates and obtain estimates of the energy use for air conditioning and heating.
Hybridization Capture Using Short PCR Products Enriches Small Genomes by Capturing Flanking Sequences (CapFlank) (2014)

Solution hybridization capture methods utilize biotinylated oligonucleotides as baits to enrich homologous sequences from next generation sequencing (NGS) libraries. Coupled with NGS, the method generates kilo to gigabases of high confidence consensus targeted sequence. However, in many experiments, a non-negligible fraction of the resulting sequence reads are not homologous to the bait. We demonstrate that during capture, the bait-hybridized library molecules add additional flanking library sequences iteratively, such that baits limited to targeting relatively short regions (e.g. few hundred nucleotides) can result in enrichment across entire mitochondrial and bacterial genomes. Our findings suggest that some of the off-target sequences derived in capture experiments are non-randomly enriched, and that CapFlank will facilitate targeted enrichment of large contiguous sequences with minimal prior target sequence information.
Stable Social Foraging Swarms in a Noisy Environment (2004)

Bacteria, bees, and birds often work together in groups to find food. A group of robots can be designed to coordinate their activities to search for and collect objects. Networked cooperative uninhabited autonomous vehicles are being developed for commercial and military applications. Suppose that we refer to all such groups of entities as "social foraging swarms". In order for such multiagent systems to succeed it is often critical that they can both maintain cohesive behaviors and appropriately respond to environmental stimuli (e.g., by optimizing the acquisition of nutrients in foraging for food). In this paper, we characterize swarm cohesiveness as a stability property and use a Lyapunov approach to develop conditions under which local agent actions will lead to cohesive foraging even in the presence of "noise" characterized by uncertainty on sensing other agent's position and velocity, and in sensing nutrients that each agent is foraging for. The results quantify earlier claims that social foraging is in a certain sense superior to individual foraging when noise is present, and provide clear connections between local agent-agent interactions and emergent group behavior. Moreover, the simulations show that very complicated but orderly group behaviors, reminiscent of those seen in biology, emerge in the presence of noise.
Inferring Regulatory Networks from Experimental Morphological Phenotypes: A Computational Method Reverse-Engineers Planarian Regeneration (2015)

Transformative applications in biomedicine require the discovery of complex regulatory networks that explain the development and regeneration of anatomical structures, and reveal what external signals will trigger desired changes of large-scale pattern. Despite recent advances in bioinformatics, extracting mechanistic pathway models from experimental morphological data is a key open challenge that has resisted automation. The fundamental difficulty of manually predicting emergent behavior of even simple networks has limited the models invented by human scientists to pathway diagrams that show necessary subunit interactions but do not reveal the dynamics that are sufficient for complex, self-regulating pattern to emerge. To finally bridge the gap between high-resolution genetic data and the ability to understand and control patterning, it is critical to develop computational tools to efficiently extract regulatory pathways from the resultant experimental shape phenotypes. For example, planarian regeneration has been studied for over a century, but despite increasing insight into the pathways that control its stem cells, no constructive, mechanistic model has yet been found by human scientists that explains more than one or two key features of its remarkable ability to regenerate its correct anatomical pattern after drastic perturbations. We present a method to infer the molecular products, topology, and spatial and temporal non-linear dynamics of regulatory networks recapitulating in silico the rich dataset of morphological phenotypes resulting from genetic, surgical, and pharmacological experiments. We demonstrated our approach by inferring complete regulatory networks explaining the outcomes of the main functional regeneration experiments in the planarian literature; By analyzing all the datasets together, our system inferred the first systems-biology comprehensive dynamical model explaining patterning in planarian regeneration. This method provides an automated, highly generalizable framework for identifying the underlying control mechanisms responsible for the dynamic regulation of growth and form.
An assistive navigation system for wheelchairs based upon mobile robot obstacle avoidance (2002)

The NavChair assistive navigation system is being developed to meet the needs of multiply handicapped people who are unable to operate available wheelchair systems. The NavChair Project was conceived as an application of mobile robot obstacle avoidance to a power wheelchair. During the course of this project, the vector field histogram (VFH) method has been adapted for use in human-machine systems and the shortcomings of the wheelchair platform have been overcome. This paper briefly reviews the VFH method, describes interesting aspects of its application to a power wheelchair, and presents an experimental evaluation of system performance. Finally, unresolved problems of obstacle avoidance in human-operated vehicles are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanism Governing Microparticle Morphology during Precipitation by a Compressed Antisolvent:  Atomization vs Nucleation and Growth (2000)

This study provides insight into the mechanisms that govern morphology in microparticles processed using precipitation by a compressed antisolvent. We explore the time scale of surface tension evolution in jets of miscible fluids injected into critical and near-critical solvents to determine whether the jets atomize into droplets or simply evolve as gaseous plumes. Classical jet breakup length equations, modified with time-dependent surface tension, accurately predict observed breakup lengths over a range of liquid miscibilities. Linear jet breakup theory can be applied successfully to near critical conditions. The aerodynamic reduction factor remains constant over a wide range of pressures. However, under miscible conditions, calculations show that surface tension in a 10-cm/s round jet of methylene chloride in carbon dioxide at 8.5 MPa and 35 °C approaches 0.01 mN/m in 1 μm. Because this distance is shorter than characteristic breakup lengths, distinct droplets never form. Rather, the jets spread in a fashion characteristic of gaseous jets, whose mixing is well described by the gaseous fluid mixing theory. Presumably, microparticle formation results from gas phase nucleation and growth within the expanding plume, rather than nucleation within discrete liquid droplets.
Character-based Neural Machine Translation (2016)

Neural Machine Translation (MT) has reached state-of-the-art results. However, one of the main challenges that neural MT still faces is dealing with very large vocabularies and morphologically rich languages.
Occurrence of Reaction Wood in Branches of Dicotyledons and Its Role in Tree Architecture (1981)

Lateral branch and young leader axes of 122 species of dicotyledonous trees in 46 families, displaying a variety of architectural models, were surveyed for presence of reaction wood (RW) as defined by gelatinous wood fibers (G-fibers). Distinct G-fibers occurred in 56 species, mostly in the upper half of the axis. There was a positive correlation between changes in axis orientation and position of the RW in 22, or one-fourth, of the species showing changes in branch orientation. Many species show an increase in branch angle; i.e., branches become more horizontal with age. Among these, Hevea (Rauh's architectural model), Endospermum, and Terminalia (both Aubreville's model) first produce RW on the lower side near the pith and later on the upper side. The erection of a lateral branch, i.e., a decrease in branch angle, to form the new leader in Koriba's model is correlated with RW on the upper side of the branch in Hura, but not in other species with this model. Many species with Troll's model, in which the arched leader becomes vertical, have RW on the upper side of the leader axis, e.g., Hymenaea, Fagus, Banara, Celtis, Ulmus, Piscidia, and Brownea. In some species with Koriba's or Troll's models, the wood on the upper side is thinner walled and less lignified, and the phloem rays are longer radially and more dilated tangentially than on the lower side of the axes. Thus, in some trees the normal reorientation of woody axes is related to the distribution of G-fibers, which cause longitudinal tensile stress, and/or other anatomical differences within those axes. This suggests an active, endogenous role for RW in the establishment of the architecture of these examples, in addition to its previously known supportive role in horizontal and displaced axes.
Evidence for the involvement of a hematopoietic progenitor cell in systemic mastocytosis from single-cell analysis of mutations in the c-kit gene (2002)

Mast cells are derived from multipotential hematopoietic progenitors and are clonally increased in systemic mastocytosis, a disease associated with point mutations of codon 816 (most commonly Asp816Val) of c-kit. To study the lineage relationship and the extent of expansion of cells derived from the mutated clone, we examined the occurrence of the Asp816Val c-kit mutation in genomic DNA of individual sorted peripheral blood T cells, B cells, and monocytes in patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis. The mutation was detected in varying frequencies in the genomic DNA of individual B cells and monocytes and bone marrow mast cells in patients with extensive disease. In B cells, the immunoglobulin repertoire was polyclonal, indicating that the mutation occurred before V(H)/(D)/J(H) recombination. These results show that mastocytosis is a disorder of a pluripotential hematopoietic progenitor cell that gives rise to B cells and monocytes in addition to mast cells and that the affected clone shows variable expansion in these lineages in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic mastocytosis.
Follicular Atresia and Infertility in Rats Treated with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist* (1990)

Adverse effects of the GnRH antagonist Antide on folliculogenesis and fertility were noted when we were evaluating the therapeutic value of Antide on endometriosis in a rat model. Cyclic rats with (n = 56) and without (n = 18) surgically induced endometriosis received Antide (2 mg/kg) or vehicle at noon on days 0 (proestrus), 3, 6, and 9. Rats were killed at noon on days 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, and 165. The number of antral follicles and the number of atretic antral follicles evaluated did not differ (P greater than 0.05) between endometriosis and control rats. Antide-treated rats had more (P less than 0.05 ) atretic antral follicles (64.7%) than vehicle-treated rats (15.3%). Antide-treated rat ovaries contained fewer corpora lutea than those of vehicle-treated rats on days 6, 12, and 18. No corpora lutea were found in Antide-treated rat ovaries after day 18. The abnormal ovarian morphology of the Antide-treated rats persisted for the duration of the project (165 days). Fertility (rats without endometriosis) was assessed by mating vehicle-and Antide-treated rats at spontaneous proestrus (n = 8) for eight posttreatment cycles as well as after follicular stimulation (n = 2). All vehicle-treated and no Antide-treated rats became pregnant. No oocytes were found in the oviducts of Antide-treated rats after eight cycles, indicating that ovulation had not occurred. The serum FSH and estradiol concentrations in the rats treated with Antide were lower (P less than 0.05) on days 6, 12, and 18, but rose to values equal to (days 24 and 30) or greater than (day 42) those in vehicle-treated rats. Serum progesterone levels in rats treated with Antide were lower (P less than 0.05) than those in vehicle-treated rats on all days tested. In conclusion, at a dosage sufficient to suppress reproductive cyclicity (and elicit the regression of endometriosis), Antide also caused long term follicular atresia and infertility.
An Exploratory Study on the Organizational Performance by Levels of Information System Interoperability (2005)

According as the requirement of custom for the enterprise or government organization gets to be various, the enterprise or government organization has been quickly changing to cope with the situation. Recently, by considering a domestic situation which is intending the e-government, the service for the people to apply the information technology of a local autonomous entity is very much need. However, it is actual circumstances that share and application of information is not smoothly realized in the state that government organization introduces the relevant system. To solve this problem, this paper performs a study what the level of interoperability has relation to organizational Performance using interoperability with information system.
New Polymer and Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries (1999)

All non-aqueous lithium battery electrolytes are Lewis bases that interact with cations. Unlike water, they don't interact with anions. The result is a high degree of ion pairing and the formation of triplets and higher aggregates. This decreases the conductivity and the lithium ion transference and results in polarization losses in batteries. Approaches that have been used to increase ion dissociation in PEO based electrolytes are the use of salts with low lattice energy, the addition of polar plasticizers to the polymer, and the addition of cation completing agents such as crown ethers or cryptands. Complexing of the anions is a more promising approach since it should increase both ion dissociation and the lithium transference. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) we have synthesized two new families of neutral anion completing agents, each based on Lewis acid centers. One is based on electron deficient nitrogen sites on substituted aza-ethers, wherein the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by electron withdrawing groups such as CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3{sup -}}. The other is based on electron deficient boron sites on borane or borate compounds with various fluorinated aryl or alkyl groups. Some of the borane based anion receptors can promote the dissolution of LiF in several solvents. Several of these compounds, when added in equivalent amounts, produce 1.2M LiF solutions in DME, an increase in volubility of LiF by six orders of magnitude. Some of these LiF electrolytes have conductivities as high as 6 x 10{sup -3} Scm{sup -1}. The LiF electrolytes with borane anion acceptors in PC:EC:DEC solvents have excellent electrochemical stability. This has been demonstrated in small Li/LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cells.
A Concatenated Coding Scheme for Error Control (1986)

In this paper, a concatenated coding scheme for error control in data communications is presented and analyzed. In this scheme, the inner code is used for both error correction and detection; however, the outer code is used only for error detection. A retransmission is requested if either the inner code decoder fails to make a successful decoding or the outer code decoder detects the presence of errors after the inner code decoding. Probability of undetected error (or decoding error) of the proposed scheme is derived. An efficient method for computing this probability is presented. Throughput efficiency of the proposed error control scheme incorporated with a selective-repeat ARQ retransmission strategy is also analyzed. Three specific examples are presented. One of the examples is proposed for error control in the NASA Telecommand System.