gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of pseudomembranes in<i>Clostridium difficile</i>-associated diarrhea in patients using immunosuppression agents (2008)

Pseudomembranes, the typical evidence for CDAD, were not detected in any patients using immunosuppressive agents. Additional bacterial examination is therefore essential when UC becomes exacerbated and when patients present with diarrhea after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, even in the absence of pseudomembranes.
A general method for the purification of restriction enzymes (1978)

An abbreviated procedure has been developed for the purification of restriction endonucleases. This procedure uses chromatography on phosphocellulose and hydroxylapatite and results in enzymes of sufficient purity to permit their use in the sequencing, molecular cloning, and physical mapping of DNA.
Preliminary phase II clinical and pharmacokinetic study of 9-cis retinoic acid in advanced cervical cancer. New York Gynecologic Oncology Group. (1999)

9cRA with this dose and schedule was inactive in women with advanced carcinoma of the cervix. Despite a decline in plasma levels of 9cRA over time, levels of the 4-oxo metabolite tended to persist. While the 4-oxo metabolite is less potent than the parent compound, these data nevertheless suggest that the lack of clinical activity in this patient population may not be attributable exclusively to suboptimal pharmacokinetic parameters.
Rendering anti-aliased line segments (2005)

Bridging the modeling and rendering gap between the existing triangle and point primitives, we explore the use of line segments as a new primitive to represent and render 3D models. Our main contribution extends the anti-aliasing theory in texture mapping to anti-aliased line segment rendering, and presents an approximation algorithm to render high quality anti-aliased opaque and transparent line segments in 3D models. This antialiasing technique is empirically validated by building a software pipeline to render models of any combination of the three types of modeling primitives: triangles, line segments and points. Our experiment shows that models comprising line segments are generally more efficient and effective for high quality rendering as compared to their corresponding pure point models.
Toxicity Assessment of Industrial Chemicals and Airborne Contaminants: Transition from<b><i>In Vivo</i></b>to<b><i>In Vitro</i></b>Test Methods: A Review (2005)

Exposure to occupational and environmental contaminants is a major contributor to human health problems. Inhalation of gases, vapors, aerosols, and mixtures of these can cause a wide range of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation to systemic diseases. Despite significant achievements in the risk assessment of chemicals, the toxicological database, particularly for industrial chemicals, remains limited. Considering there are approximately 80,000 chemicals in commerce, and an extremely large number of chemical mixtures, in vivo testing of this large number is unachievable from both economical and practical perspectives. While in vitro methods are capable of rapidly providing toxicity information, regulatory agencies in general are still cautious about the replacement of whole-animal methods with new in vitro techniques. Although studying the toxic effects of inhaled chemicals is a complex subject, recent studies demonstrate that in vitro methods may have significant potential for assessing the toxicity of airborne contaminants. In this review, current toxicity test methods for risk evaluation of industrial chemicals and airborne contaminants are presented. To evaluate the potential applications of in vitro methods for studying respiratory toxicity, more recent models developed for toxicity testing of airborne contaminants are discussed.
Propagated Photoconsistency and Convexity in Variational Multiview 3D Reconstruction (2007)

In this paper, we make two contributions. Firstly, we replace the generic balloon constraints widely used in 3D reconstruction by a more sophisticated data-dependent re-gional term. The key idea is to propagate classical photo-consistency along visual rays into regional values describ-ing voxel probabilities for being inside or outside the ob-served object. Secondly, we cast the optimization as one of minimizing a convex functional. Therefore (up to visibility) the reconstruction problem can be solved in a globally opti-mal manner in a spatially continuous setting. Compared to graph cut methods, this approach does not suffer from dis-cretization artifacts and exhibits considerable reduction in memory requirements. Experimental comparisons clearly show the advantages of the proposed technique. 1.
Four spot laser anemometer and optical access techniques for turbine applications (1987)

A time-of-flight anemometer (TOFA) system, utilizing a spatial lead-lag filter for bipolar pulse generation was constructed and tested. This system, called a Four Spot Laser Anemometer, was specifically designed for use in high speed, turbulent flows in the presence of walls or surfaces. The TOFA system uses elliptical spots to increase the flow acceptance angle to be comparable with that of a fringe type anemometer. The tightly focused spots used in the Four Spot yield excellent flare light rejection capabilities. Good results were obtained to 75 microns normal to a surface, with a f/2.5 collecting lens. This system is being evaluated for use in a warm turbine facility. Results from both a particle lag velocity experiment and boundary layer profiles will be discussed. In addition, an analysis of the use of curved windows in a turbine casing will be presented. Curved windows, matching the inner radius of the turbine casing, preserve the flow conditions, but introduce astigmatic aberrations. A correction optic was designed that virtually eliminates these astigmatic aberrations throughout the intrablade survey region for normal incidence.
Epigenetics provides a new generation of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes (2006)

Cancer is nowadays recognised as a genetic and epigenetic disease. Much effort has been devoted in the last 30 years to the elucidation of the 'classical' oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes involved in malignant cell transformation. However, since the acceptance that major disruption of DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin compartments are a common hallmark of human cancer, epigenetics has come to the fore in cancer research. One piece is still missing from the story: are the epigenetic genes themselves driving forces on the road to tumorigenesis? We are in the early stages of finding the answer, and the data are beginning to appear: knockout mice defective in DNA methyltransferases, methyl-CpG-binding proteins and histone methyltransferases strongly affect the risk of cancer onset; somatic mutations, homozygous deletions and methylation-associated silencing of histone acetyltransferases, histone methyltransferases and chromatin remodelling factors are being found in human tumours; and the first cancer-prone families arising from germline mutations in epigenetic genes, such as hSNF5/INI1, have been described. Even more importantly, all these 'new' oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes provide novel molecular targets for designed therapies, and the first DNA-demethylating agents and inhibitors of histone deacetylases are reaching the bedside of patients with haematological malignancies.
Kuppel aus Betonfertigteilen für ein Kreislager. (1984)

Abstract Über Konstruktion, Berechnung und Bauausführung einer kuppelartigen Überdachung für ein Zementwerk zur Zwischenlagerung von Rohmaterialen. Die Kuppel hat einen Durchmesser von 75 m und eine Scheitelhöhe von ca. 20 m. Das Bauwerk wurde nahezu vollständig aus Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonfertigteilen hergestellt.
Time-of-Day Pricing in Taxi Markets (2017)

For a regular weekday in New York City, the number of taxi trips at 8 P.M. may be 10 times greater than that at 5 A.M., while passengers are charged under the same pricing scheme. Motivated by temporally non-stationary demand and supply in the taxi market, the time-of-day (TOD) pricing scheme for taxi industry is framed to vary trip cost dynamically over time, so that total market revenue is maximized. Temporal market dynamics is modeled as a semi-Markov process, which captures leftover of drivers, spillover of passengers, and restoration of drivers in service along the time horizon. The TOD pricing scheme is therefore formulated as discrete time stochastic dynamic programming with the goal to find the optimal sequence of price multipliers. The approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach is introduced to solve the curse of dimensionality. Numerical experiments are conducted using New York City taxi trip data to illustrate the effectiveness of TOD price in real-world taxi market. The results suggest that TOD price may increase daily market revenue by over 10% using the ADP approach. Our experiments also show that TOD price may be even more effective if sudden surges in demand take place in the market.
Large-Scale Transit Schedule Coordination Based on Journey Planner Requests (2013)

This paper presents a two-stage stochastic program that reoptimizes multimodal transit schedules citywide. The model works by perturbing or offsetting the schedule such that the expected value of waiting times at all transfer points in the system is minimized. Probabilistic information on transfers is gathered from a prototypical journey planner, a public-facing tool that transit riders query to find optimal paths through a multi-modal network. Aggregating journey plans in this manner provides information on optimal transfers as perceived by the service operator, which are then targeted for improvements. The model is implemented on the large-scale transit network of Washington, D.C., where sampled journey plans representing 9% of the daily transit demand are used to generate a modified schedule that leads to a reduction in passenger wait times by 26.38%. The results serve to demonstrate how operators can take a user-centric view of their system as a fabric of services, gain insights from user interaction, and achieve no-cost improvements from coordinating services while accounting for uncertainty.
Magnetic Properties of Some Divalent Europium Compounds (1963)

The compounds of divalent europium form an attractive series for magnetic investigations because the magnetic ions are in S states and the crystal structures are generally simple. Moreover, true ferromagnetism, which is quite unusual in compounds, has been observed in EuO by Matthias, Bozorth, and Van Vleck. We have prepared samples of EuS, EuSe, EuTe, EuCO3, EuTiO3, EuZrO3, EuSO4, and EuCl2, and studied their magnetic properties in the temperature range 4–300°K. The sulfide, selenide, and telluride all have the same NaCl crystal structure as EuO; we find that the first two also become ferromagnetic at low temperature, while EuTe is paramagnetic, or possibly antiferromagnetic, at 4.2°K. The Curie temperatures for EuS and EuSe are about 18° and 7°K, respectively. The saturation moments of EuS and EuSe extrapolated to 0°K correspond to 6.8 and 6.7 μB per Eu++ ion, respectively, in good agreement with the expected value of 7 μB. None of the other compounds were ferromagnetic at liquid helium temperatures, and all exhibited θ values very near to 0°K. A tentative interpretation of the exchange interactions in the rocksalt compounds is made using a molecular field treatment.
Preparation and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa Antagonists. 2. Condensed Heterocyclic Derivatives. (1999)

A novel series of platelet receptor glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa antagonists with condensed heterocycles as their basic core was synthesized. In an in vitro assay, trans-4-(5-amidinobenzofuran-2-carboxamido)cyclohexyloxyacetic+ ++ acid 17e and trans-3-[4-(5-amidinobenzofuran-2- carboxamido)cyclohexyl]propionic acid 17f produced marked inhibitions with IC50 values of 0.018 and 0.006 microM, respectively in a human platelet adenosin-5'-diphospate (ADP)-induced aggregation assay; they also exhibited a wide spectrum of inhibition toward major aggregation agonists (ADP, collagen, thrombin, PMA (tumor promoter) and arachidonic acid). These compounds were > 2-3 orders of magnitude more effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation than human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) binding. The oral administration of 10 mg/kg of either 17e and 17f to guinea pig, resulted in a 60% inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation after 5 h. Oral administration of ethyl trans-4-(5-amidinoben-zofuran-2- carboxamido)cyclohexyloxyacetate 18e (10 mg/kg) resulted in 80% inhibition of platelet aggregation in dogs for 6 h after oral administration with a return to baseline by 24 h. Ethyl trans-3-[4-(5-amidinobenzofuran-2-carboxamido)cyclohexyl]propionat e 18f (AR0598) produced 80% inhibition for 5 h after oral administration. Prodrug 18e showed a good profile in dogs with a long duration of action. 18e (AR0510) was selected as suitable clinical candidate for development as an orally active antithrombotic agent.
Simple, very low dark current, planar long-wavelength avalanche photodiode (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. LIU, S. R. FORREST, V. S. BAN, K. M. WOODRUFF, J. COLOSI, G. C. ERIKSON, M. J. LANGE, and G. H. OLSEN, "Simple, very low dark current, planar long-wavelength avalanche photodiode," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper THK4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Exploring autonomic options in an unified fault management architecture through reflex reactions via pulse monitoring (2004)

This paper investigates the potential of adding autonomic capabilities to the telecommunications fault management architecture and highlights the importance of a reflex-healing dual strategy to facilitate this advanced automation. The reflex reaction is facilitated through the concept of a pulse monitor - essentially the extension of the fault tolerant heartbeat monitor mechanism to incorporate reflex urgency levels and health check summary information.
与Bob对话:Mystery We Learn and We Laugh Together(英文) (2005)

生活中充满了问题和谜团.而许多问题和谜团是无法一下就能说清楚的。人为何会生、会死?,我们的梦想、希望与抱负从何而来?,我们周围的事物又该如何解释?……当一些人困惑于不解的谜团中时,另一些人或许正在不断地寻找和探索着答案。撩揭神秘的面纱,或许要经历痛苦的过程,然而,回头看去,这一过程又何尝不给我们平淡的生活增添了一番色彩呢?
Running FIR and IIR filtering using multirate filter banks (1988)

The computational complexity of running FIR (finite-impulse response) and IIR (infinite-impulse response) filtering using multirate filter banks is considered. No restrictions are put on signal, filter, or block lengths. It is shown how to map long running convolutions into smaller ones by using filter banks based on aperiodic convolution algorithms and short-time Fourier transforms. With the proposed approach, good tradeoffs among computational complexity, system architecture, and input-output delay are achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Speed Machining — Cutting Tools and Machine Requirements (1995)

A machine tool designed for high speed machining requires not only a high speed spindle but the capability of operating at rapid feed rates with high accuracy. Commercially available machine tools meeting this specification are reviewed and a list of machines presented, including costs. An alternative approach is to retrofit a high speed spindle to an existing machine using one or more of the spindle designs available. Such designs involve the use of angular contact ball bearings, magnetic bearings or air bearings; these are assessed. Tooling is also important and the paper refers to appropriate tool materials and geometry, aspects of tool interface quality and dynamic balancing. Finally, the traditional ISO taper is compared to the new HSK taper.
Stereoselective Aldol Additions Catalyzed by Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate‐Dependent Aldolases in Emulsion Systems: Preparation and Structural Characterization of Linear and Cyclic Iminopolyols from Aminoaldehydes (2003)

Abstract The potential of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)‐dependent aldolases to catalyze stereoselective aldol additions is, in many instances, limited by the solubility of the acceptor aldehyde in aqueous/co‐solvent mixtures. Herein, we demonstrate the efficiency of emulsion systems as reaction media for the class I fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (RAMA) and class II recombinant rhamnulose‐1‐phosphate aldolase from E. coli (RhuA)‐catalyzed aldol addition between DHAP and N ‐benzyloxycarbonyl ( N ‐Cbz) aminoaldehydes. The use of emulsions improved the RAMA‐catalyzed aldol conversions by three to tenfold relative to those in conventional DMF/water mixtures. RhuA was more reactive than RAMA towards the N ‐Cbz aminoaldehydes regardless of the reaction medium. With ( S )‐ or ( R )‐Cbz‐alaninal, RAMA exhibited preference for the R enantiomer, while RhuA had no enantiomeric discrimination. The linear N ‐Cbz aminopolyols thus obtained were submitted to catalytic intramolecular reductive amination to afford the corresponding iminocyclitols. This reaction was diastereoselective in all cases examined; the face selectivity was controlled by the stereochemistry of the newly formed hydroxyl group originating from the aldehyde. Characterization of the resulting iminocyclitols allowed the assessment of the diastereoselectivity of the enzymatic aldol reactions with respect to the N ‐protected aminoaldehyde. RAMA formed single diastereoisomers from N ‐Cbz‐glycinal and from both enantiomers of N ‐Cbz‐alaninal, while 14 % of the epimeric product was observed from N ‐Cbz‐3‐aminopropanal. Diastereoselectivity from RhuA was lower than that observed from RAMA. Interestingly, a single diastereoisomer was formed from ( S )‐Cbz‐alaninal, whereas only a 34 % diastereomeric excess was observed from its enantiomer (i.e., ( R )‐Cbz‐alaninal).
A resonance Raman spectroscopic investigation into the effects of fixation and dehydration on heme environment of hemoglobin (2009)

Abstract The effects of fixation and dehydration procedures on heme environment inside human erythrocytes were examined using resonance Raman spectroscopy. The resonance Raman spectroscopic data along with far‐infrared spectra show that hemoglobin in air‐dried red blood cells and those fixed in the precipitating fixatives, methanol and acetone, changes to hemichrome, a low‐spin component in which the sixth coordination site of the iron is occupied by the imidazole group of the distal histidine. The cross‐linking fixatives, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, maintain hemoglobin in its native conformational state (oxyhemoglobin) as evidenced by the appearance of the oxygen ligand marker bands along with the skeletal sensitive modes. However, polymerization with cross‐linking fixatives increases the auto‐oxidation kinetics of hemoglobin and gradually oxidizes it to the met state. Moreover, the dehydration of a red blood cell under N 2 results in a change of oxyhemoglobin to a six coordinate low‐spin Fe II derivative of hemoglobin, hemochrome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming state enterprises in Poland : macroeconomic evidence on adjustment (1993)

Basing their report on repeat visits in late 1992 to 75 large state-owned manufacturing enterprises (which had been earlier surveyed in mid-1991), the authors present optimistic new evidence about the transformation of state-owned enterprises in Poland. This evidence shows state-owned enterprises in a much more favorable light than the stereotype of myopic, decapitalizing companies that dominates discussion of Poland's state manufacturing sector. Success stories are emerging, and the state sector is far from a write-off. Moreover, favorable evidence is drawn from all manufacturing sectors, attesting to thepotential for a diversified manufacturing base. The state-owned enterprises'operations are largely autonomous, so the positive adjustments indicate that decentralized approaches to transformation could work - if bolstered by appropriate managerial incentives. But several problems remain, and many issues have yet to be addressed. The authors examine various adjustment indicators (labor shedding, material and energy costs, bank borrowings, and export performance) and correlate these with firms classified by 1992 financial performance. (By 1992, presumably, the transitional measurement distortions of 1990 and 1991 had disappeared.) They show that significant differences exist between successful and unsuccessful firms. Managers in successful firms have tended to stress a change in product mix, have generally become more efficient in the use of materials and energy, have maintained labor productivity, and have shown restraint in setting wages and in borrowing from banks. The authors discuss key transformation issues: the disappearance of such safety valves as easy bank loans and interfirm credit, hardening of the microeconomic budget constraint, excess-wage tax reform, and, most important, managerial attitudes and incentives. To complete the picture, they correlate the results of manager interviews with the quantitative performance of firms. Essentially, firms have learned a good deal about operating in a market economy in the past three years, and managers have matured. The industrial revival showing up in economywide statistics can be regarded as a sustainable trend borne of genuine microeconomic adjustment.
Diiodosilane. 2. A multipurpose reagent for hydrolysis and reductive iodination of ketals, acetals, ketones, and aldehydes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiiodosilane. 2. A multipurpose reagent for hydrolysis and reductive iodination of ketals, acetals, ketones, and aldehydesE. Keinan, D. Perez, M. Sahai, and R. ShvilyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2927–2938Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1965Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Milestone in the Integration of Personal Laws: The new Law of Marriage and Divorce in Tanzania (1972)

When the Commission on the Law of Marriage and Divorce in Kenya presented its Report in 1968, the basic scheme of its proposals, and the draft Bill it had prepared for the reform and integration of the laws, were widely welcomed and it has been a disappointment to many—not least, it may be supposed, to the members of the Commission—that four years have passed without those proposals having been translated into statutory form in Kenya. It is a little ironic, though no doubt an interesting example of East African inter-dependence, that the essential basis of those proposals, and indeed in many respects the detailed draft provisions which accompanied them, have now been given their first legislative effect not in Kenya but in Tanzania.