gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Down-Regulation of p27Kip1 Expression Is Required for Development and Function of T Cells (2001)

The proliferation of T cells is regulated in a development-dependent manner, but it has been unclear whether proliferation is essential for T cell differentiation. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) is abundant throughout development in cells of the T cell lineage, with the exception of late stage CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes and activated mature T cells, both of which show a high rate of proliferation. The role of down-regulation of p27(Kip1) expression in T cell development and function has now been investigated by the generation and characterization of three strains of p27 transgenic mice that express the transgene at various levels specifically in the T cell lineage. The numbers of thymocytes at CD4(+)CD8(+), CD4(+)CD8(-), and CD4(-)CD8(+) stages of development as well as those of mature T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues were reduced in transgenic mice in a manner dependent on the level of p27(Kip1) expression. The development of thymocytes in the transgenic strain in which p27(Kip1) is most abundant (p27-Tg(high) mice) appeared to be blocked at the CD4(-)CD8(-)CD25(+)CD44(low) stage. Peripheral T cells from p27-Tg(high) mice exhibited a reduced ability to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation compared with wild-type T cells. Moreover, Ag-induced formation of germinal centers and Ig production were defective in p27-Tg(high) mice. These results suggest that down-regulation of p27(Kip1) expression is required for the development, proliferation, and immunoresponsiveness of T cells.
Andro-stanazole, A New Orally Active Anabolic Steroid (1959)

Andro-stanazole (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrostano[3,2-c] pyrazole) has been evaluated for its nitrogen-retaining and androgenic activities in castrated male rats. Orally, it appears to be 30 times more anabolic and 1/4 as androgenic as methyl-testosterone. Parenterally, it appears to be 1/20 as anabolic and 1/40 as androgenic as testosterone propionate. Andro-stanazole is clearly an agent which merits further investigation for oral administration to patients under conditions where maximum anabolic action with minimum androgenic side effects is desired.
Comparing random data allocation and data striping in multimedia servers (2000)

We compare performance of a multimedia storage server based on a random data allocation layout and block replication with traditional data striping techniques. Data striping techniques in multimedia servers are often designed for restricted workloads, e.g. sequential access patterns with CBR (constant bit rate) requirements. On the other hand, a system based on random data allocation can support virtually any type of multimedia application, including VBR (variable bit rate) video or audio, and interactive applications with unpredictable access patterns, such as 3D interactive virtual worlds, interactive scientific visualizations, etc. Surprisingly, our results show that system performance with random data allocation is competitive and sometimes even outperforms traditional data striping techniques, for the workloads for which data striping is designed to work best; i.e. streams with sequential access patterns and CBR requirements. Due to its superiority in supporting general workloads and competitive system performance, we believe that random data allocation will be the scheme of choice for next generation multimedia servers.
Enhancing RPE Cell-Based Therapy Outcomes for AMD: The Role of Bruch's Membrane. (2014)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in older people in the developed world. The disease involves damage to the part of the retina responsible for central vision. Degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, photoreceptors, and choriocapillaris may contribute to visual loss. Over the past decades, scientists and clinicians have tried to replace lost RPE cells in patients with AMD using cells from different sources. In recent years, advances in generating RPE cells from stem cells have been made and clinical trials are currently evaluating the safety and efficiency of replacing the degenerated RPE cell layer with stem cell-derived RPE cells. However, the therapeutic success of transplantation of stem cell-derived RPE cells may be limited unless the transplanted cells can adhere and survive in the long term in the diseased eye. One hallmark of AMD is the altered extracellular environment of Bruch's membrane to which the grafted cells have to adhere. Here, we discuss recent approaches to overcome the inhibitory environment of the diseased eye and to enhance the survival rate of transplanted RPE cells. Our aim is to highlight novel approaches that may have the potential to improve the efficacy of RPE transplantation for AMD in the future.
Hand gesture recognition using multi-scale colour features, hierarchical models and particle filtering (2003)

This paper presents algorithms and a prototype system for hand tracking and hand posture recognition. Hand postures are represented in terms of hierarchies of multi-scale colour image features at different scales, with qualitative inter-relations in terms of scale, position and orientation. In each image, detection of multi-scale colour features is performed. Hand states are then simultaneously detected and tracked using particle filtering, with an extension of layered sampling referred to as hierarchical layered sampling. Experiments are presented showing that the performance of the system is substantially improved by performing feature detection in colour space and including a prior with respect to skin colour. These components have been integrated into a real-time prototype system, applied to a test problem of controlling consumer electronics using hand gestures. In a simplified demo scenario, this system has been successfully tested by participants at two fairs during 2001.
Strategies in the design of peptidoleukotriene antagonists. (1993)

The research of the last two decades in the field of SRS-A and peptidoleukotriene (pLT) antagonists has provided information for the design of potent pLT antagonists, which share some or all of the following structural elements: (1) a lipophilic anchor, which fits into the lipophilic pocket of the LTD4 receptor; (2) a central lipophilic unit mimicking the tetraene system of LTD4; (3) one or two acidic groups, as mimics of the cysteinyl-glycine unit and/or the carboxylic group in the eicosanoid backbone of LTD4; (4) spacers connecting these elements. Potent pLT antagonists lacking a second polar binding group compensate by stronger interaction in other regions of the receptor. Identification of pLT antagonists is based on lead optimisation, preparation of pLT analogs and on the knowledge of the pLT receptor.
A Concept of User-Guidance for Vehicle Information Systems (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Modern information systems in automobiles like check-control, trip computers, and guidance systems can support a more economic and safer driving if the dashboard is not overloaded by many incompatible components regarding user interface structure. The conventional way with isolated systems often falls short in this respect. New concepts are needed which fulfill the following requirements: uniform user-interface for all systems, quick and easy use for naive and trained drivers as well and modularity in systems and functions.</div>
Multi-slice real-time MRI of temporomandibular joint dynamics (2018)

The improved access to TMJ dynamics by multi-slice real-time MRI will contribute to more effective treatment of temporomandibular disorders.
[New approaches in developmental genetics and gene therapy: xenotransplantation of Drosophila embryonic nerve cells into the brain of vertebrate animals]. (2000)

The author's studies dealing with xenotransplantations of the embryonic nervous tissue into the brain of amphibian and mammals are reviewed. Drosophila nerve cells have been shown to survive inside the brain, differentiate, form ganglion-resembling structure, and come into synaptic contact with the host tissue. The embryonic nerve cells of transgenic Delta mutants of Drosophila melanogaster carrying a gene of bacterial galactosidase (lacZ) were also transplanted into the brain of adult rats and then identified histologically by X-gal staining of brain sections for the lacZ-gene product. The xenografts were shown to survive in the host brain for at least 2-3 weeks, after which they were attacked by macrophages. No glial scar tissue formed around the site of the xenograft. Cotransplantation of Drosophila embryonic nerve cells and the homologous embryonic nerve tissue was favorable for homograft survival and development, because formation of the glial scar was blocked, whereas homograft vascularization and differentiation of its nerve cells were stimulated. The results obtained are of interest with regard to neurosurgery, because they may be used to prevent formation of glial scar, an important factor in successful neurotransplantation.
eCD4-Ig promotes ADCC activity of sera from HIV-1-infected patients (2017)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxity (ADCC) can eliminate HIV-1 infected cells, and may help reduce the reservoir of latent virus in infected patients. Sera of HIV-1 positive individuals include a number of antibodies that recognize epitopes usually occluded on HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers. We have recently described eCD4-Ig, a potent and exceptionally broad inhibitor of HIV-1 entry that can be used to protect rhesus macaques from multiple high-dose challenges with simian-human immunodeficiency virus AD8 (SHIV-AD8). Here we show that eCD4-Ig bearing an IgG1 Fc domain (eCD4-IgG1) can mediate efficient ADCC activity against HIV-1 isolates with differing tropisms, and that it does so at least 10-fold more efficiently than CD4-Ig, even when more CD4-Ig molecules bound cell surface-expressed Env. An ADCC-inactive IgG2 form of eCD4-Ig (eCD4-IgG2) exposes V3-loop and CD4-induced epitopes on cell-expressed trimers, and renders HIV-1-infected cells susceptible to ADCC mediated by antibodies of these classes. Moreover, eCD4-IgG2, but not IgG2 forms of the broadly neutralizing antibodies VRC01 and 10-1074, enhances the ADCC activities of serum antibodies from patients by 100-fold, and significantly enhanced killing of two latently infected T-cell lines reactivated by vorinostat or TNFα. Thus eCD4-Ig is qualitatively different from CD4-Ig or neutralizing antibodies in its ability to mediate ADCC, and it may be uniquely useful in treating HIV-1 infection or reducing the reservoir of latently infected cells.
The Actioculographic Monitor of Sleep (1979)

The actioculographic monitor (AOGM) is a newly developed, flexible system for sleep recording using three criteria: eye movements, body movements, and submental electromyogram. The signals are recorded on a four-channel Medilog casette tape and displayed by a mingograph at very low speed. The record is then scored after certain criteria for stages wake, nonrapid eye movement, and rapid eye movement sleep. High statistical correlations were obtained when scoring of the AOGM was compared to scoring of standard polygraphic sleep recordings.
PEDOT:PSS “Wires” Printed on Textile for Wearable Electronics (2016)

Herein, the fabrication of all-organic conductive wires is demonstrated by utilizing patterning techniques such as inkjet printing and sponge stencil to apply poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) onto nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The coating of the conducting polymer is only present on the surface of the substrate (penetration depth ∼ 200 μm) to retain the functionality and wearability of the textile. The wires fabricated by different patterning techniques provide a wide range of resistance, i.e., tens of kΩ/□ to less than 2 Ω/□ that allows the resistance to be tailored to a specific application. The sheet resistance is measured to be as low as 1.6 Ω/□, and the breakdown current is as high as 0.37 A for a 1 mm wide line. The specific breakdown current exceeds the previously reported values of macroscopic carbon nanotube based materials. Simple circuits composed of the printed wires are demonstrated, and resistance of the circuit from the measurement agrees with the calculated value based on Kirchhoff's rules. Additionally, the printed PEDOT:PSS wires show less than 6.2% change in sheet resistance after three washing and drying cycles using detergent.
Increase of Tospoviral Diversity in Brazil with the Identification of Two New Tospovirus Species, One from Chrysanthemum and One from Zucchini (1999)

ABSTRACT During a survey conducted in several different regions of Brazil, two unique tospoviruses were isolated and characterized, one from chrysanthemum and the other from zucchini. The chrysanthemum virus displayed a broad host range, whereas the virus from zucchini was restricted mainly to the family Cucurbitaceae. Double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western immunoblot analyses demonstrated that both viruses were serologically distinct from all reported tospovirus species including the recently proposed peanut yellow spot virus and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) species. The nucleotide sequences of the nucleocapsid (N) genes of both viruses contain 780 nucleotides encoding for deduced proteins of 260 amino acids. The N proteins of these two viruses displayed amino acid sequence similarities with the previously described tospovirus species ranging from 20 to 75%, but they were more closely related to each other (80%). Based on the biological and molecular features, these viruses are proposed as two new tospovirus species, designated chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) and zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV). With the identification of CSNV and ZLCV, in addition to tomato spotted wilt virus, groundnut ring spot virus, tomato chlorotic spot virus, and IYSV, Brazil harbors the broadest spectrum of tospovirus species reported.
SURVEY OF MISSISSIPPI CATFISH FARMERS ON MEANS, EFFORT, AND COSTS TO REPEL FISH-EATING BIRDS FROM PONDS (1989)

Eighty-seven percent of 281 Mississippi catfish farmers felt that fish-eating birds were enough of a problem to warrant harassment. Fanners estimated that they spent an average of 2.6 man-hours per day harassing birds at an average annual cost of $7400. Sixty percent of the farmers who harassed birds did so by driving around the ponds and firing at birds to repel them. Propane exploders and pyrotechnics were also used. Pyrotechnics were judged the most effective repellent technique. The cost of bird harassment according to these farmers is $2.1 million. The value of fish loss to cormorants alone is roughly estimated at $3.3 million. The total annual loss to birds is estimated at $5.4 million.
Dorfin Ubiquitylates Mutant SOD1 and Prevents Mutant SOD1-mediated Neurotoxicity (2002)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive paralytic disorder resulting from the degeneration of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. The cytopathological hallmark in the remaining motor neurons of ALS is the presence of ubiquitylated inclusions consisting of insoluble protein aggregates. In this paper we report that Dorfin, a RING finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is predominantly localized in the inclusion bodies of familial ALS with a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutation as well as sporadic ALS. Dorfin physically bound and ubiquitylated various SOD1 mutants derived from familial ALS patients and enhanced their degradation, but it had no effect on the stability of the wild-type SOD1. The overexpression of Dorfin protected against the toxic effects of mutant SOD1 on neural cells and reduced SOD1 inclusions. Our results indicate that Dorfin protects neurons by recognizing and then ubiquitylating mutant SOD1 proteins followed by targeting them for proteasomal degradation.
Integration of a Triaxial Magnetometer into a Helicopter UAV GPS-Aided INS (2012)

The University of Alberta's Applied Nonlinear Controls Lab (ANCL) helicopter unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV's) existing GPS-aided inertial navigation system (INS) does not provide observability of heading angle during hover. This motivates the integration of a triaxial magnetometer aiding sensor into the extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based navigation algorithm. A novel magnetometer calibration procedure is implemented and compared with conventional approaches. Experimental results in ground and flight testing confirm that the observability issue is resolved and demonstrate improvements in attitude estimation.
Development of a storable Leishmania tropica vaccine: field testing with frozen promastigotes. (1979)

The development of a frozen vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis offers the possibility of controlling the quality, efficiency and sterility of the promastigotes used for inoculation. Thirty-nine soldiers in a settlement in a hyperendemic area were inoculated with a fresh isolate of Leishmania tropica that was stored at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Thirty of the soldiers were injected by conventional syringe while the rest were inoculated by an intradermal jet injector. The infective material was transported either in ice or at liquid nitrogen temperature. All the subjects developed lesions at the site of inoculation, without unwarranted reactions. One month after inoculation 31 subjects were examined by a physician. All the reactions were positive--12 ulcers and 19 nodules. After four months, all 39 soldiers were examined: 25 (64%) had ulcers; eight (21%) had nodules; and six (15%) were without visible reaction. The different methods of transporting the vaccine, as well as the different responses of men and women, are discussed.
Some Relations Between Volatility and Serial Correlations in Stock Market Returns (1992)

This article explores the relation between serial correlation and volatility for several different stock return series at daily and weekly frequencies. It is found that serial correlations are changing over time and are related to stock return volatility. An extension to the GARCH model is proposed and estimated, revealing parameters consistent with other findings in this article. Copyright 1992 by University of Chicago Press.
Autophaser: An Algorithm for Automated Generation of Absorption Mode Spectra for FT-ICR MS (2013)

Phase correction of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry data allows the spectra to be presented in absorption mode. Absorption mode spectra offer superior mass resolving power (up to a factor of 2), mass accuracy, and sensitivity over the conventional magnitude mode. Hitherto, the use of absorption mode in FT-ICR mass spectrometry has required either specially adapted instrumentation or a manually intensive process of phase correction or has ignored the potentially significant effects of image charge and the associated frequency shifts. Here we present an algorithm that allows spectra recorded on unadapted FT-ICR mass spectrometers to be phase corrected, their baseline deviations removed, and then an absorption mode spectrum presented in an automated manner that requires little user interaction.
A New Method To Simultaneously Measure In-Situ Permeability and Porosity Under Reservoir Conditions: Implications for Characterization of Unconventional Gas Reservoirs (2010)

Abstract Accurate estimation of gas-in-place is crucial for successful evaluation and exploitation of unconventional gas reservoirs, such as shale gas, coalbed methane, and tight gas. However, gas effective porosity, one of the most important parameter in estimating gas in-place, is commonly measured on crushed samples of cores or cuttings at ambient pressure although many studies have shown that the porosity and permeability of reservoirs rocks decrease with increasing effective stress, and thus the pore volume/porosity measured on crushed samples at ambient (zero stress) conditions will be larger than porosity measured under in-situ reservoir stress conditions. Normally the stress-dependence of porosity is simply accounted for by a correction factor based on the linear poro-elastic deformation, which is likely an over-simplification. In present study, we developed a new protocol for simultaneously measuring stress-dependent In-Situ Permeability and Porosity (ISPP) that provides a method for routine characterization of effective porosity and permeability under simulated reservoir conditions. Our new method can significantly reduce the uncertainties of porosity introduced by testing crushed samples under ambient conditions, testing time, and the need for good quality core samples that are usually unavailable. Preliminary test results indicate that the stress dependence of porosity (or pore compressibility) of fine grained reservoir rocks follows a unique trend of each tested sample, which cannot be simply adjusted from ambient porosity by a universal factor. Physical and numerical sample tests suggest that our ISPP method can obtain permeability similar to the normal pressure Pulse-Decay Permeability (PDP) technique if samples are homogeneous or transversely layered along their axes. Otherwise, our ISPP method likely tests the geometrical average permeability of longitudinally layered samples instead of the weighted arithmetical average permeability tested by the PDP method. Overall, our approach of simultaneously measuring effective porosity and permeability under reservoir conditions offers intrinsically consistent porosity-permeability data to characterize unconventional reservoirs. Our study also reveals that utilization of different methods to test samples in different orientations and different sizes is necessary to rigorously characterize the hierarchical permeability and porosity of heterogeneous and microporous unconventional reservoir rocks.
Data placement in Bubba (1988)

This paper examines the problem of data placement in Bubba, a highly-parallel system for data-intensive applications being developed at MCC. “Highly-parallel” implies that load balancing is a critical performance issue. “Data-intensive” means data is so large that operations should be executed where the data resides. As a result, data placement becomes a critical performance issue. In general, determining the optimal placement of data across processing nodes for performance is a difficult problem. We describe our heuristic approach to solving the data placement problem in Bubba. We then present experimental results using a specific workload to provide insight into the problem. Several researchers have argued the benefits of declustering (i e, spreading each base relation over many nodes). We show that as declustering is increased, load balancing continues to improve. However, for transactions involving complex joins, further declustering reduces throughput because of communications, startup and termination overhead. We argue that data placement, especially declustering, in a highly-parallel system must be considered early in the design, so that mechanisms can be included for supporting variable declustering, for minimizing the most significant overheads associated with large-scale declustering, and for gathering the required statistics.
Colonization of xenograft tumors by oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) results in enhanced tumor killing due to the involvement of myeloid cells (2016)

We initially hypothesized that NO could be one of the factors that limits active spreading of the virus in the cancerous tissue. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, we observed that PMN-MDSCs were the main producer of NO through iNOS and NO provided a beneficial antitumor effect, The results strongly support an important novel role for VACV infection in the tumor microenvironment. VACV convert tumor-promoting MDSCs into tumor-killing cells by inducing higher NO production.