gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokine profile in human skin in response to experimental inflammation, noxious stimulation, and administration of a COX-inhibitor: A microdialysis study (2008)

Animal studies have documented a critical role for cytokines in cell signaling events underlying inflammation and pain associated with tissue injury. While clinical reports indicate an important role of cytokines in inflammatory pain, methodological limitations have made systematic human studies difficult. This study examined the utility of a human in vivo bioassay combining microdialysis with multiplex immunoassay techniques for measuring cytokine arrays in tissue. The first experiment measured cytokines in interstitial fluid collected from non-inflamed and experimentally inflamed skin (UVB). The effects of noxious heat on cytokine release were also assessed. The second experiment examined whether anti-hyperalgesic effects of the COX-inhibitor ibuprofen were associated with decreased tissue levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6. In the first experiment, inflammation significantly increased IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, G-CSF, and MIP-1 beta. Noxious heat but not experimental inflammation significantly increased IL-7 and IL-13. In the second experiment, an oral dose of 400 and 800 mg ibuprofen produced similar anti-hyperalgesic effects suggesting a ceiling effect. Tissue levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 were not affected after the 400mg dose but decreased significantly (44+/-32% and 38+/-13%) after the 800 mg dose. These results support the utility of explored method for tracking cytokines in human tissue and suggest that anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ibuprofen are at least partially dissociated. The data further suggest that high clinical doses of ibuprofen exert anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating tissue cytokine levels. Explored human bioassay is a promising tool for studying the pathology and pharmacology of inflammatory and chronic pain conditions.
항공기 탑승객의 자발적하기(下機)로 인한 항공보안의 문제점 및 피해보상에 관한 연구 (2019)

불안한 국제정세 등의 여파로 항공보안의 중요성이 점차 증대되고 있는 가운데 항공여객들의 보안의식 수준 또한 지속적으로 상승하고 있다. 이러한 가운데 일부 항공여객의 비정상적인 자발적하기(항공기에 탑승 후 개인적인 사정으로 내리는 것)요구로 인하여 보안상 문제와 추가비용, 지연 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 승객의 자발적하기가 발생하면 항공사는 보안절차를 재개하여야 하며 이를 위하여 해당 항공기 탑승객 전원을 하기시키고 기내 재점검을 실시하고 있으나, 이 과정에서 예측 가능한 보안관련 문제점이 발생한다. 또한, 항공사는 운항재개를 위해 추가적으로 급유 및 지상조업 등의 조치를 하여야 하며, 자발적승객하기로 인한 보안절차 재개로 해당 항공기 탑승객 전원하기 및 항공기내 보안점검을 재실시 함으로써 지연으로 인한 피해가 발생하게 된다. 그러나 항공기 지연과 추가비용 부담에 대한 책임소재가 불명확하다는 문제점과 이와 관련하여 명시된 국내외 법률이나 규정이 없어 항공사와 탑승객이 피해를 떠안고 있는 실정이다.
본 연구에서는 이러한 비정상적인 자발적하기와 관련하여 발생사례를 검토 및 분석함으로써 이로 인해 발생할 수 있는 항공보안 상의 문제점 및 관련 국내외 법규 현황에 대해 파악하고자 한다. 이것은 비정상적인 상황에서 발생할 수 있는 항공보안의 취약점으로 인해 발생가능한 문제점을 파악함으로써 향후 우려되는 항공보안 사고를 예방하는 데 이바지하고자 하는 것이다. 또한, 명확한 법적 규정을 명시함으로써 피해자를 구제하고 비정상적으로 하기(下機)하는 승객을 감소시키는 데 목적이 있다.
Contraction-Relaxation Coupling and Impaired Left Ventricular Performance in Coronary Surgery Patients  (1999)

A tight coupling was observed between contraction and relaxation. Leg raising identified patients who developed a load-dependent impairment of LV performance and increased load dependence of LV relaxation.
BONE FORMATION INDUCED IN MOUSE THIGH BY CULTURED HUMAN CELLS (1967)

Cultured FL human amnion cells injected intramuscularly into cortisone-conditioned mice proliferate to form discrete nodules which become surrounded by fibroblasts. Within 12 days, fibroblastic zones differentiate into cartilage which calcifies to form bone. Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that FL cells behave as an inductor of bone formation. In the electron microscope, FL cells were readily distinguished from surrounding fibroblasts. Transitional forms between the two cell types were not recognized. Stains for acid mucopolysaccharides emphasized the sharp boundary between metachromatic fibroblastic and cartilaginous zones and nonmetachromatic FL cells. (35)S was taken up preferentially by fibroblasts and chondrocytes and then deposited extracellularly in a manner suggesting active secretion of sulfated mucopolysaccharides. FL cells showed negligible (35)S utilization and secretion. FL cells, labeled in vitro with thymidine-(3)H, were injected and followed radioautographically, during bone formation. Nuclear label of injected FL cells did not appear in adjacent fibroblasts in quantities sufficient to indicate origin of the latter from FL cells. The minimal fibroblast nuclear labeling seen may represent reutilization of label from necrotic FL cells. It is suggested that FL cells injected into the mouse thigh induced cartilage and bone formation by host fibroblasts.
Renal Response to L-Arginine in Diabetic Rats. A Possible Link between Nitric Oxide System and Aquaporin-2 (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether L-Arginine (L-Arg) supplementation modifies nitric oxide (NO) system and consequently aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in the renal outer medulla of streptozotocin-diabetic rats at an early time point after induction of diabetes. Male Wistar rats were divided in four groups: Control, Diabetic, Diabetic treated with L-Arginine and Control treated with L-Arginine. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was estimated by [14C] L-citrulline production in homogenates of the renal outer medulla and by NADPH-diaphorase staining in renal outer medullary tubules. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AQP2 and NOS types I and III; real time PCR was used to quantify AQP2 mRNA. The expression of both NOS isoforms, NOS I and NOS III, was decreased in the renal outer medulla of diabetic rats and L-Arg failed to prevent these decreases. However, L-Arg improved NO production, NADPH-diaphorase activity in collecting ducts and other tubular structures, and NOS activity in renal homogenates from diabetic rats. AQP2 protein and mRNA were decreased in the renal outer medulla of diabetic rats and L-Arg administration prevented these decreases. These results suggest that the decreased NOS activity in collecting ducts of the renal outer medulla may cause, at least in part, the decreased expression of AQP2 in this model of diabetes and constitute additional evidence supporting a role for NO in contributing to renal water reabsorption through the modulation of AQP2 expression in this pathological condition. However, we cannot discard that another pathway different from NOS also exists that links L-Arg to AQP2 expression.
Improved Efficiency in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Using Host Materials of Lower Triplet Energy than the Phosphorescent Blue Emitter (2011)

Abstract Data from a series of phosphorescent blue organic light‐emitting devices with emissive layers consisting of either 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐2,2′‐biphenyl (CBP):6% bis[(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C 2 ](picolinato)iridium(III) (FIrpic) or bis(9‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP):6% FIrpic show that the triplet energy of the hole and electron transport layers can have a larger influence on the external quantum efficiency of an operating device than the triplet energy of the host material. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 14% was obtained for CBP:6% FIrpic devices which is nearly double all other published CBP:6% FIrpic results. A new host material, 4‐(diphenylphosphoryl)‐ N , N ‐di‐ p ‐tolylaniline (DHM‐A2), which has a triplet energy lower than that of FIrpic is also reported. Devices fabricated using DHM‐A2 show improved performance (lower drive voltage and higher external quantum efficiency) over devices using 4‐(diphenylphosphoryl)‐ N,N ‐diphenylaniline (HM‐A1), a high performance ambipolar DHM‐A2 analogue with a triplet energy greater than FIrpic. Nearly 18% external quantum efficiency was obtained for the DHM‐A2:5% FIrpic devices. The results suggest modified design rules for the development of high performance host materials: more focus can be placed on molecular structures that provide good charge transport (ambipolarity for charge balance) and good molecular stability (for long lifetimes) rather than first focusing on the triplet energy of the host material.
Three-dimensional carrier profiling of InP-based devices using scanning spreading resistance microscopy (2002)

Scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) is a carrier profiling method based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), which has proven its power for two-dimensional semiconductor device analysis in the last few years. A three-dimensional approach is presented for depth profiling on the nm scale and for device inspection from the top surface. A procedure for SSRM on the InP structure is developed, where layers a few nm thick are continuously scratched away while scanning the region of interest with a highly doped diamond tip. This extends the SSRM to the third dimension, as SSRM images taken at different depths can be combined to construct a three-dimensional image of the sample. Based on the same technology, a “depth profiling” mode is developed whereby a well-defined etched pit is made. SSRM measurements taken on the side made of the etched pit provide a carrier profile to overcome the limitations of standard cross-sectional profiling and enable profiling of the layer with nm resolution.
The Enantioselective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction and Its Aza Counterpart (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
<title>Principles of operation and first clinical results using the picosecond IR laser</title> (1992)

A laser system is described that offers manifold applications in ophthalmic surgery. The Nd:YLF solid-state laser emits at a wavelength of 1.053 micrometers . With pulse durations of 40 psec less energy is required to obtain optical breakdown compared to nanosecond lasers. The lower pulse energy allows a substantial confinement of the laser-tissue interaction. With a highly sophisticated delivery system eye movements can be tracked during surgery and a precise placement of the laser focus can be achieved. The high transmission coefficient of ocular structures for wavelengths around 1 micrometers enables the Nd:YLF laser to perform several internal eye surgeries such as cataract fragmentation, intrastromal refractive surgery, internal sclerostomy, or iridotomy. First clinical results of some of these procedures are summarized.
Stem cell defects in parthenogenetic peri-implantation embryos (1995)

Mouse embryos containing only maternal chromosomes (parthenotes) develop abnormally in vivo, usually failing at the peri-implantation stage. We have analyzed the development of parthenote embryos by using an inner cell mass (ICM) outgrowth assay that mimics peri-implantation development. ICMs from normal embryos maintained undifferentiated stem cells positive for stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 and Rex-1 while differentiating into a variety of cell types, including visceral endoderm-like cells and parietal endoderm cells. In contrast, ICMs from parthenotes failed to maintain undifferentiated stem cells and differentiated almost exclusively into parietal endoderm. This suggests that parthenote ICMs have a defect that leads to differentiation, rather than maintenance, of the stem cells, and a defect that leads to a parietal endoderm fate for the stem cells. To test the hypothesis that the ICM population is not maintained owing to a lack of proliferation of the stem cells, we investigated whether mitogenic agents were able to maintain the ICM population in parthenotes. When parthenote blastocysts were supplied with the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (Igf-1r) and insulin-like growth factor-2 (Igf-2), two genes not detectable in parthenote blastocysts by in situ hybridization, the ICM population was maintained. Similarly, culture of parthenote blastocysts in medium conditioned by embryonic fibroblasts and supplemented with the maternal factor leukemia inhibitory factor maintained the ICM population. However, once this growth factor-rich medium was removed, the parthenote ICM cells still differentiated predominantly into parietal endoderm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
wu zi bie ke si tan li yong tai yang neng zao yan fa xin cai liao (2007)

研究开发新型材料是乌兹别克斯坦科技发展的优先方向之一,高温耐火材料和陶瓷材料的研发是其重要的组成部分。为了在该领域取得丰硕成果,乌兹别克斯坦认识到,应将基础研究和新技术的开发有机结合起来。
Minimum unit selection error training for HMM-based unit selection speech synthesis system (2008)

This paper presents a minimum unit selection error (MUSE) training method for HMM-based unit selection speech synthesis system, which selects the optimal phone-sized unit sequence from the speech database by maximizing the combined likelihood of a group of trained HMMs. Under MUSE criterion, the weights and distribution parameters of these HMMs are estimated to minimize the number of different units between the selected phone sequences and the natural phone sequences for the training sentences. The optimization is realized by discriminative training using generalized probabilistic descent (GPD) algorithm. Results of our experiment show that this proposed method is able to improve the performance of the baseline system where model weights are set manually and distribution parameters are trained under maximum likelihood criterion.
Structural evolution of Bi2O3 prepared by thermal oxidation of bismuth nano-particles (2005)

Bismuth nano-sized particles were prepared by the chemical reduction method. These particles were characterized by HR-TEM, X-Ray Diffraction and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. In order to obtain bismuth oxide, the as-obtained bismuth nano-particles were thermally treated in air at various temperatures in the range 100-750 0C during 30 min. The thermally treated samples were studied by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. Additionally, information on the chemical composition and morphology was obtained by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, respectively. Results show that bismuth nano-particles were oxidized at 100 oC and transformed into three of the five phases of Bi2O3 reported in literature; the obtained phase depends on the annealing temperature. The #946;-Bi2O3 phase was obtained for 200-300 0C #61472;, #945;-Bi2O3 for 400-600 0C and finally #947;-Bi2O3 for 700-750 0C.
Binding of Adenovirus Capsid to Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine Provides a Novel Pathway for Virus Entry (2003)

Adenovirus (Ad) is an airborne, nonenveloped virus infecting respiratory epithelium. To study the mechanism of Ad entry, we used alveolar adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which have retained the ability of alveolar epithelial type II cells to synthesize the major component of pulmonary surfactant, disaturated phosphatidylcholine. Stimulation of phosphatidylcholine secretion by calcium ionophore or phorbol ester augmented the susceptibility of these cells to Ad. Both Ad infection and recombinant-Ad-mediated transfection increased in the presence of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes in culture medium. Importantly, in the presence of DPPC liposomes, virus penetrates the cells independently of virus-specific protein receptors. DPPC vesicles bind Ad and are efficiently incorporated by A549 lung cells, serving as a virus vehicle during Ad penetration. To identify the viral protein(s) mediating Ad binding, a flotation of liposomes preincubated with structural viral proteins was employed, showing that the only Ad protein bound to DPPC vesicles was a hexon. The hexon preserved its phospholipid-binding properties upon purification, confirming its involvement in virus binding to the phospholipid. Given that disaturated phosphatidylcholine not only covers the inner surface of alveoli in the lungs but also reenters alveolar epithelium during lung surfactant turnover, Ad binding to this phospholipid may provide a pathway for virus entry into alveolar epithelium in vivo.
The Complexity of Transformation-Based Join Enumeration (1997)

Query optimizers that explore a search space exhaustively using transformation rules usually apply all possible rules on each alternative, and stop when no new information is produced. A memoizing structure was proposed in [McK93] to improve the re-use of common subexpression, thus improving the efficiency of the search considerably. However, a question that remained open is, what is the complexity of the transformation-based enumeration process ? In particular, with n the number of relations, does it achieve the O(3 n ) lower bound established by [OL90]? In this paper we examine the problem of duplicates, in transformation-based enumeration. In general, different sequences of transformation rules may end up deriving the same element, and the optimizer must detect and discard these duplicate elements generated by multiple paths. We show that the usual commutativity/associativity rules for joins generate O(4 n ) duplicate opera- Permission to copy without fee all or part of this ma...
PARLO: PArallel Run-Time Layout Optimization for Scientific Data Explorations with Heterogeneous Access Patterns (2013)

The size and scope of cutting-edge scientific simulations are growing much faster than the I/O and storage capabilities of their run-time environments. The growing gap is exacerbated by exploratory, data-intensive analytics, such as querying simulation data with multivariate, spatio-temporal constraints, which induces heterogeneous access patterns that stress the performance of the underlying storage system. Previous work addresses data layout and indexing techniques to improve query performance for a single access pattern, which is not sufficient for complex analytics jobs. We present PARLO a parallel run-time layout optimization framework, to achieve multi-level data layout optimization for scientific applications at run-time before data is written to storage. The layout schemes optimize for heterogeneous access patterns with user-specified priorities. PARLO is integrated with ADIOS, a high-performance parallel I/O middleware for large-scale HPC applications, to achieve user-transparent, light-weight layout optimization for scientific datasets. It offers simple XML-based configuration for users to achieve flexible layout optimization without the need to modify or recompile application codes. Experiments show that PARLO improves performance by 2 to 26 times for queries with heterogeneous access patterns compared to state-of-the-art scientific database management systems. Compared to traditional post-processing approaches, its underlying run-time layout optimization achieves a 56% savings in processing time and a reduction in storage overhead of up to 50%. PARLO also exhibits a low run-time resource requirement, while also limiting the performance impact on running applications to a reasonable level.
Notizen: Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen aus Si-H und Si-Si enthaltenden Siliciumverbindungen und Kohlenwasserstoffen (1950)

Article Notizen: Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen aus Si-H und Si-Si enthaltenden Siliciumverbindungen und Kohlenwasserstoffen was published on July 1, 1950 in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (volume 5, issue 7).
Equivalent hydraulic conductivity of an experimental stratigraphy: Implications for basin‐scale flow simulations (2006)

Critical issues facing basin‐scale groundwater flow models are the estimation of representative hydraulic conductivity for the model units and the impact of nonrepresentation of within‐unit conductivity heterogeneity on the model flow prediction. In this study, high‐resolution, fully heterogeneous basin‐scale hydraulic conductivity map is generated by scaling up an experimental stratigraphy created by physical sedimentation processes and by assuming increasing conductivity for increasing gray scale (proxy for sand content). A fully heterogeneous model is created, incorporating the complete conductivity variation. Two hydrogeologic framework models are also created, one of coarser stratigraphic division. A novel numerical up‐scaling method is developed to compute an equivalent conductivity for each irregularly shaped framework model unit by conducting basin‐scale flow experiments in the fully heterogeneous model. In each experiment, different boundary conditions are specified, subjecting the basin to various flow conditions. To evaluate the impact of using equivalent conductivity on the prediction of basin‐scale hydraulic head and groundwater flow, the flow experiments conducted in the fully heterogenous model are repeated in the framework models. Results indicate that for most deposits, the behavior of the equivalent conductivity with increasing ln( K ) variance is consistent with the prediction of an analytic‐stochastic theory. The equivalent conductivity is also insensitive to the boundary condition and the number of flow experiments performed, indicating the possible emergence of an effective conductivity. Although all equivalent conductivities are full tensors, the off‐diagonal term is 2–3 orders of magnitude smaller than the diagonal terms. Ignoring the off‐diagonal term has minimal impact on the framework‐model‐predicted hydraulic head and groundwater flow paths, when compared to the impact of nonrepresentation of within‐unit conductivity heterogeneity. Under certain boundary conditions, significant head deviation can develop within framework model units that contain trended or strongly stratified deposits. However, the accuracy of head prediction is improved when the length of the no‐flow boundary is increased. In a topography‐driven system, progressive degradation is observed in the prediction of basin‐scale flow pattern, flow rate, and location of recharge/discharge, when the progressively up‐scaled framework models are used. In summary, the accuracy of the framework models is controlled by the level of stratigraphic division, conductivity heterogeneity, and boundary conditions.
Effect of whole body gamma radiation on hepatic LDH activity, lactate, pyruvate concentration and rate of oxygen consumption in Bufo melanostictus. (2002)

Whole body Co60 gamma radiation induced changes in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, pyruvate, lactate content and rate of oxygen (O2) consumption in a tropical hibernating anuran (Bufo melanostictus). In 3.5 and 7 Gy treated groups, a significant increase in LDH activity and lactate/pyruvate ratio was observed, whereas a significant decrease in O2 consumption rate was observed in treated animals on post-irradiation day (PID) 1, 5 and 10. Increase in LDH activity was observed on PID-1 in both the treated groups, reached to a peak on PID-5 in 7 Gy treated group and then declined on PID-10.
Reaction of Oxygen with Si(111) and (100): Critical Conditions for the Growth of SiO2 (1982)

The reactions of oxygen with the clean Si(111) and (100) surfaces have been studied at high temperatures (890°–1150°C) for oxygen pressures between . The critical conditions involving oxygen pressure and substrate temperature which are necessary for the growth of to occur on these Si surfaces have been determined, and are found to be independent of substrate orientation and doping type under the conditions studied. The observed critical conditions for growth are consistent with a theoretical model which focuses on the kinetics of cluster growth and on the thermodynamics of the competing etching reaction leading to production of . Evidence is presented for epitaxial growth on Si(100) of cubic , β‐cristobalite.