gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On chaotic simulated annealing (1998)

Chen and Aihara recently proposed a chaotic simulated annealing approach to solving optimization problems. By adding a negative self-coupling to a network model proposed earlier by Aihara et al. and gradually removing this negative self-coupling, they used the transient chaos for searching and self-organizing, thereby achieving remarkable improvement over other neural-network approaches to optimization problems with or without simulated annealing. In this paper we suggest a new approach to chaotic simulated annealing with guaranteed convergence and minimization of the energy function by gradually reducing the time step in the Euler approximation of the differential equations that describe the continuous Hopfield neural network. This approach eliminates the need to carefully select other system parameters. We also generalize the convergence theorems of Chen and Aihara to arbitrarily increasing neuronal input-output functions and to less restrictive and yet more compact forms.
Chronic Sinusitis Complicating Sinus Lift Surgery (2001)

Sinusitis has been reported as a complication of sinus lift surgery with antral bone augmentation. The procedure involves the creation of a submucoperiosteal pocket in the floor of the maxillary sinus for placement of a graft consisting of autogenous, allogenic, or alloplastic material. This can result in inadvertent tearing of the mucoperiosteal flap with extrusion of graft material into the antrum. Obstruction of the sinus outflow tract by mucosal edema and particulate graft material may result in sinusitis. We will discuss the clinical presentation and management of 14 cases of chronic sinusitis following sinus lift surgery with alloplastic hydroxyapatite (HA) augmentation of the maxillary antrum.
Multimedia nomadic services on today's hardware (1994)

Describes nomadic computing services built with currently available hardware and used on a daily basis by a small community of users. This environment consists of applications accessing pagers, facsimile, answering machines, telephone lines, speech synthesis, and digital recording and playback. Its key contributions are the integration of multiple media into a cohesive nomadic information infrastructure and a graceful transition from desktop to nomadic locales. This integration is at the service and user interface levels; the point of the article is that one can successfully prototype a suite of multimedia nomadic services by cobbling together applications, shellscripts, and disparate hardware components. The nomadic services make strong use of speech to provide remote access over ordinary telephone lines to a suitable set of tasks that users normally perform at the desktop. The authors place particular emphasis on communication, spanning voice as well as text and facsimile messaging. In addition these services provide personal information management, remote database access, and short-term information caching. The link between nomadic and desktop computing also changes office applications-nomadic services utilize demanding new media and 24-hour access changes how subscribers use and rely on traditional desktop databases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gossip-based computation of aggregate information (2004)

Over the last decade, we have seen a revolution in connectivity between computers, and a resulting paradigm shift from centralized to highly distributed systems. With massive scale also comes massive instability, as node and link failures become the norm rather than the exception. For such highly volatile systems, decentralized gossip-based protocols are emerging as an approach to maintaining simplicity and scalability while achieving fault-tolerant information dissemination. In this paper, we study the problem of computing aggregates with gossip-style protocols. Our first contribution is an analysis of simple gossip-based protocols for the computation of sums, averages, random samples, quantiles, and other aggregate functions, and we show that our protocols converge exponentially fast to the true answer when using uniform gossip. Our second contribution is the definition of a precise notion of the speed with which a node's data diffuses through the network. We show that this diffusion speed is at the heart of the approximation guarantees for all of the above problems. We analyze the diffusion speed of uniform gossip in the presence of node and link failures, as well as for flooding-based mechanisms. The latter expose interesting connections to random walks on graphs.
Antifungal properties of a novel 1,2,4-triazine derivative I 319. (1980)

The antifungal activity of the sodium salts, of 3-thiolo-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine (I 319) was determined in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of I 319 for 33 pathogenic and saprophytic fungal strains ranged from 3.1 to 25 microgram/ml. In vivo, experiments were performed on a model of subacute candidiasis in Balb/c mice infected intraperitoneally with Candida albicans. The antifungal activity was estimated on the basis of the extension of the mice life span and on the number of living yeast cells present in the kidneys, liver and spleen of treated and control mice. A single i.p. dose of I 319 (25 mg/kg) prolonged the survival time of treated animals up to 200%. Five subsequent doses of the compound diminished the number of C. albicans cells in the tissues of these mice. The DL50 of I 319 for mice (i.p.) was about 250 mg/kg.
Prophylaxis of malaria in the Sudan. With special reference to the use of plasmoquine (1934)

Malaria is most prevalent in the Gezira between October and January, following a well-defined seasonal periodicity. All three types of infection occur, malignant tertian being most prevalent. The incidence of the disease follows the rainfall curve at an interval of approximately two months. The only infecting mosquito worth considering is Anopheles gambiæ which is most prolific from September till February and possibly æstivates during the summer months. Naturally infected mosquitoes never exceed 2 per cent. The human carrier of the disease is chiefly the child who is most heavily infected with gametocytes between October and January. Experiments have been carried out to test the efficacy of plasmoquine in causal and gametocyte prophylaxis. Small daily doses of the drug for causal prophylaxis are not recommended as they tend merely to conceal infection. The results of experiments in gametocyte prophylaxis tend to show that a biweekly dose of 0·02 gramme plasmoquine simplex to children might be of considerable value in antimalarial work. Conclusions drawn from the short period under review are suggested with diffidence.
Experimental and theoretical assessment of thin glass panels as interposers for microelectronic packages (2014)

As the microelectronic industry moves toward stacking of dies to achieve greater performance and smaller footprint, there are several reliability concerns when assembling the stacked dies on current organic substrates. These concerns include excessive warpage, interconnect cracking, die cracking, and others. Silicon interposers are being developed to assemble the stacked dies, and then the silicon interposers are assembled on organic substrates. Although such an approach could address stacked-die to interposer reliability concerns, there are still reliability concerns between the silicon interposer and the organic substrate. This work examines the use of diced glass panel as an interposer, as glass provides intermediate coefficient of thermal expansion between silicon and organics, good mechanical rigidity, large-area panel processing for low cost, planarity, and better electrical properties. However, glass is brittle and low in thermal conductivity, and there is very little work in existing literature to examine glass as a potential interposer material. Starting with a 150 x 150 mm glass panel with a thickness of 100 µm, this work has built alternating layers of dielectric and copper on both sides of the panel. The panels have gone through typical cleanroom processes such as lithography, electroplating, etc. Upon fabrication, the panels are diced into individual substrates of 25 x 25 mm and a 10 x 10 mm flip chip with a solder bump pitch of 75 um is then reflow attached to the glass substrate followed by underfill dispensing and curing. The warpage of the flip-chip assembly is measured. In parallel to the experiments, numerical models have been developed. These models account for viscoplastic behavior of the solder. The models also mimic material addition and etching through element “birth-and-death” approach. The warpage from the models has been compared against experimental measurements for glass substrates with flip chip assembly. It is seen that the glass substrates provide significantly lower warpage compared to organic substrates, and thus could be a potential candidate for future 3D systems.
Multiobjective optimization of a plastic injection molding process (1994)

It is well known that the PID regulator has been very successful and widely accepted for controlling industrial systems where one objective function is the performance criterion. The question is whether the same success can be achieved for more than one objective function using the basic PID controller, while preserving its simplicity for use by an operator. Here the authors explore the use of multiobjective optimization for the purpose of extending PID controllers to applications that require the optimization of multiple objectives. An algorithm is implemented that runs in real-time and provides immediate feedback to a process operator about the current operating point. It was applied to the tuning of a PID controller to meet multiple objectives for the plastication phase of an injection molding process. The algorithm was implemented on an injection molding machine and allowed to tune the controller on-line. Simulation and experimental results are presented and compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Grape seed extract attenuates oxidative stress induced by high fat/carbohydrate meal in metabolic syndrome patients (2012)

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased oxidative stress. Consumption of a high carbohydrate moderate fat (HCMF) meal results in increased markers of postprandial oxidative stress. We hypothesized that grape seed extract (GSE‐Meganatural © Gold), rich in antioxidants would attenuate HCMF meal‐induced oxidative stress in MS. After an overnight fast, 12 subjects with MS (6 men/6 women) consumed a HCMF meal in a randomized cross‐over design. A GSE (300 mg) or placebo capsule was administrated 1 h before the meal. Postprandial changes in plasma lipophilic (LA), hydrophilic (HA) antioxidant status (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity‐ORAC) and oxidized LDL (OX‐LDL) were measured hourly for 6 h. Postprandial plasma ORAC values (LA and HA) measured as area under the curve over 6 hr were significantly increased when the meal was preceded by GSE compared with placebo (P<0.05). Meal‐induced increases in OX‐LDL were attenuated with GSE (P<0.05). These data suggest that the antioxidant activity of GSE produces favorable effects in attenuating oxidative stress in subjects with the MS. Funding: Polyphenolic Inc. Madera, CA
Studies on antiandrogenic agents. Synthesis of 16.BETA.-ethyl-19-nortestosterone. (1975)

The mixture of enol acetates (II and III) of 16-acetyl-estrone-3-methyl ether underwent hydrogenolysis under high pressure (100kg/cm2) of hydrogen in the presence of Raney Ni to form the 16β-ethyl-17β-ol compound (X) in high yield. The mechanism of hydrogenolysis was discussed. This facile and stereoselective introduction of 16β-ethyl and 17β-hydroxy groups was applied to the synthesis of 16β-ethyl-19-nortestosterone (TSAA-291, XIX), which shows strong antiandrogenic activity.
Candidate Topical Microbicides Bind Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B and Prevent Viral Entry and Cell-to-Cell Spread (2004)

Topical microbicides designed to prevent acquisition of sexually transmitted infections are urgently needed. Nonoxynol-9, the only commercially available spermicide, damages epithelium and may enhance human immunodeficiency virus transmission. The observation that herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus bind heparan sulfate provided the rationale for the development of sulfated or sulfonated polymers as topical agents. Although several of the polymers have advanced to clinical trials, the spectrum and mechanism of anti-HSV activity and the effects on soluble mediators of inflammation have not been evaluated. The present studies address these gaps. The results indicate that PRO 2000, polystyrene sulfonate, cellulose sulfate, and polymethylenehydroquinone sulfonate inhibit HSV infection 10,000-fold and are active against clinical isolates, including an acyclovir-resistant variant. The compounds formed stable complexes with glycoprotein B and inhibit viral binding, entry, and cell-to-cell spread. The effects may be long lasting due to the high affinity and stability of the sulfated compound-virus complex, as evidenced by surface plasmon resonance studies. The candidate microbicides retained their antiviral activities in the presence of cervical secretions and over a broad pH range. There was little reduction in cell viability following repeated exposure of human endocervical cells to these compounds, although a reduction in secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor levels was observed. These studies support further development and rigorous evaluation of these candidate microbicides.
Noninvasive assessment of cutaneous vascular function in vivo using capillaroscopy, plethysmography and laser-Doppler instruments: its strengths and weaknesses. (2006)

Given that functional abnormalities of the microcirculation are one of the primary abnormalities in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, various noninvasive clinical tools have been developed recently to assess the microvascular function, particularly at the skin. The common techniques used to assess cutaneous microvascular function in vivo include capillaroscopy, venous occlusion plethysmography, and laser-Doppler instruments (laser-Doppler fluximetry and laser-Doppler imaging). These noninvasive techniques can be used as an early measure of functional abnormalities within the microvascular tree, predominantly in population at high risk for cardiovascular events. This review discusses some underlying application principle of these techniques, including its clinical significance, method reproducibility and limitations.
High Oxidation Rates from Combined Carbohydrates Ingested during Exercise (2004)

When glucose, fructose and sucrose are ingested simultaneously at high rates (2.4 g x min(-1)) during cycling exercise, exogenous CHO oxidation rates can reach peak values of approximately 1.7 g x min(-1) and estimated endogenous CHO oxidation is reduced compared with the ingestion of an isocaloric amount of glucose.
Kinetics of drug decomposition Part 51: Kinetics of indometacine photodegradation. (1977)

Indometacine aqueous solution degradation was studied under the influence of UV light. Spectrophotometric readings of absorbances at lambdamax = 270 nm were taken in order to follow changes of the indometacine solutions as a function of irradiation time. It was found that the degradation of indometacine under influence of UV light proceeds according a sequential reaction A k2 leads to B k2 leads to C k3 leads to D in which each individual step is a zero-order process Individual zero-order rate constants were calculated for indomatacine photodegradation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. They indicate the first step (A leads to B) to be oxygen independent and the other processes (B leads to C leads to D) to be oxygen catalyzed.
Timestamp representations for virtual sequences (1997)

The problem of executing sequential programs in parallel using the optimistic algorithm Time Warp is considered. This is done by first mapping the sequential execution to a control tree and then assigning timestamps to each node in the tree.For such timestamps to be effective in either hardware or software they must be finite, this implies that they must be periodically rescaled to allow old timestamps to be reused. A number of timestamp representations are described and compared on the basis of: their complexity; the frequency and cost of rescaling; and the cost of performing basic operations, including comparison and creation of new timestamps.
Novel synthetic antimicrobial peptides effective against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1994)

Previously, we identified a core undecapeptide of sapecin B having antimicrobial activity. Based on the structure of this peptide, we systematically synthesized peptides consisting of terminal basic motifs and internal oligo-leucine sequences and examined their antimicrobial activities. Of these peptides, RLKLLLLLRLK-NH2 and KLKLLLLLKLK-NH2 were found to have potent microbicidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Candida albicans in liquid medium. We also synthesized the D-enantiomer of KLKLLLLLKLK-NH2. This enantiomer was resistant to tryptic digestion and persisted longer in the culture medium, showing greater antimicrobial activity than the original peptide.
Straight line walking animation based on kinematic generalization that preserves the original characteristics (1993)

The most prominent problems in utilizing the rotoscopy data for human walking animation can be summarized into two: Preservation of the original motion characteristics in the generalization process and the Constraint Satisfaction. Generalization is the process of producing the step of an arbitrary body and step length out of the original measured step which is of one particular subject and step length. If we lose much of the original style in the generalization, it would be meaningless to use the measured data. We present a generalization technique that keeps the original motion characteristics as much as possible. Two types of generalization are considered. The one is the body condition generalization, which handles the differences between the two bodies. The ratio between the corresponding segments of the two bodies may not be uniform, which makes this generalization complicated. The other one is the step length generalization, which provides the steps with different step lengths of the same subject. These two generalizations are combined together to generate a step of arbitrary subject and step length. The constraint satisfaction is enforced inside of our generalization process. Therefore the only thing that concerns us is the quality of the generalization. In our work, the preservation of the original characteristics is considered as the criteria determining the quality of the generalization. We prove that our generalization scheme actually preserves the characteristics of the original walk.
Realizing VoD Based on NT Platform and Netshow Server Software (2000)

Client can realize VoD of video program with Windows media player by using Netshow server software on Windows NT platform. Video program can be transformed into Active Stream Format(ASF) based on the WAN transmission standard. This paper introduces to us the methods of realizing VoD on Windows NT platform by using Netshow server software.
A ranking of shopping centres using multiple branch numbers (1985)

Summary The paper presents a new ranking of shopping centres in Great Britain based on the number of branches of durable multiple retailers found in each centre. The results are used to derive a functional retail hierarchy. There is found to be a clear distinction between Regional Centres containing stores and smaller District centres. A comparison with the 1971 Census of Distribution shows patterns of growth and decline. In urban areas with weak or split centres, the main centre was found to have risen in rank while the surrounding minor centres had lost rank.
<scp>BH</scp>3‐only proteins: a 20‐year stock‐take (2015)

BH3-only proteins are the sentinels of cellular stress, and their activation commits cells to apoptosis. Since the discovery of the first BH3-only protein BAD almost 20 years ago, at least seven more BH3-only proteins have been identified in mammals. They are regulated by a variety of environmental stimuli or by developmental cues, and play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis. Some are considered to be tumor suppressors, and also play a significant role in other pathologies. Their non-apoptotic functions are controversial, but there is broad consensus emerging regarding their role in apoptosis, which may help in designing better therapeutic agents for treating a variety of human diseases.
Encapsulated Papillary Neoplasms of the Thyroid (1987)

Fourteen cases of encapsulated papillary thyroid neoplasm in which extracapsular extension was not observed and a minimum of 10 years follow-up was available are herein presented. The cases were divided into three categories: encapsulated papillary carcinomas (five cases), which had cytologic features typical of papillary thyroid carcinoma (vesicular or indented nuclei) and an entirely or predominantly thick capsule with capsular invasion; encapsulated papillary neoplasms of undetermined malignancy (seven cases), in which the cytologic features were also typical of papillary carcinoma but the capsule was predominantly thin (less than 0.1 mm thick) or was thick without capsular invasion; and follicular adenomas with papillae (two cases), which resembled follicular adenomas cytologically (rounded, stippled nuclei and Hürthle cell change) but contained a significant number of papillary structures (both cases had an entirely or predominantly thin capsule). The only evidence of malignant behavior in the entire series was a cervical lymph node metastasis in one case of encapsulated papillary carcinoma; the "encapsulated papillary neoplasms of undetermined malignancy" were so labeled because other authors have reported "encapsulated papillary carcinomas without capsular invasion" and it was therefore thought that the malignant potential of this category is as yet best considered undefined.
Macular Pigment Shows Ringlike Structures (2006)

Both reflectance and autofluorescence maps showed ring patterns in the distribution of the macular pigment, which probably follow the inner plexiform layer.
T-trees, vertical partitioning and distributed association rule mining (2004)

We consider a technique (DATA-VP) for distributed (and parallel) association rule mining that makes use of a vertical partitioning technique to distribute the input data, amongst processors. The proposed vertical partitioning is facilitated by a novel compressed set enumeration tree data structure (the T-tree), and an associated mining algorithm (Apriori-T), that allows for computationally effective distributed/parallel ARM when compared with existing approaches.
Opportunities for bandwidth adaptation in microsoft office documents (2000)

Microsoft Oce, the most popular oce productivity suite, produces large documents that can result in long download latencies for platforms with limited bandwidth. To reduce latency and improve the user&apos;s experience, these documents need to be adapted for transmission on a limited-bandwidth network. To identify opportunities for adaptation, we characterize documents created by three popular applications from the Microsoft Oce suite: Word, PowerPoint, and Excel. Our study encompasses over 12,500 documents retrieved from 935 dierent Web sites. Our main conclusions are: 1) Microsoft Oce documents are large and require adaptation on bandwidth-limited clients; 2) embedded objects and images account for the majority of the data in these documents, with image types being the most popular non-text content, suggesting that adaptation efforts should focus on these elements; 3) compression considerably reduces the size of these documents; and 4) the internal structure of these documents (pages, ...