gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bloodstream Infections Caused by Pseudomonas spp.: How To Detect Carbapenemase Producers Directly from Blood Cultures (2014)

The Carba NP test has been evaluated to detect carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas spp. directly from blood cultures. This rapid and cost-effective test permits an early identification of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas spp. directly from blood cultures with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Results may be useful in particular for guiding the first-line therapy and epidemiological purposes.
Identification par couplage CG/SM des sous-produits de chloration de deux acides aminés libres, la proline et la méthionine (2005)

L'objectif de ces travaux a consiste en l'identification des sous-produits de chloration de deux acides aminés libres, la proline et la méthionine, structures reconnues pour leur grande réactivité avec le chlore. Les expériences ont été conduites a pH 8 pour un taux de chlore fixe à 8 moles de chlore par mole d'acide aminé et un temps de contact de 72 heures. Les sous-produits de chloration ont été extraits successivement par le pentane et le diethyl éther (pH acide et pH basique, extraction suivie d'une dérivation au diazométhane) et identifiés par couplage CG/SM. L'essentiel des sous-produits de chloration identifiés a été observé dans l'extrait éthéré obtenu à pH acide, que ce soit pour la proline ou la méthionine. Les acides dichloroacétique et trichloroacétique, composés retrouvés dans les eaux de surface désinfectées au chlore, ont été détectés pour les deux molécules étudiées. Les travaux effectués avec la proline ont permis d'identifier également la N- chlorodichloroacétamide et la N-chlorotrichloroacétamide. On peut noter également la formation de quelques chloroacides présentant un groupement terminal aldehyde ou nitrile caractéristique, ainsi que des composeé à structure pyrrole. En ce qui concerne la méthionine, les analyses par couplage CG/SM ont permis d'identifier quelques composés organiques chlorosoufrés comme le chlorure de méthyle sulfonyle, le chlorure de chlorométhylesulfonyle et le dichloro-1,1 diméthyle sulfonyle, ainsi que du soufre moléculaire S8.
How safe are timber roof structures (2005)

Extracted from text ... THE FAILURE OF ROOF STRUCTURES is of 
great concern not only to engineers, but also 
to property owners, both commercial and 
residential. The cost of a failure can be substantial. 
This article attempts to convey some 
truths and dispel some myths about the safety 
of timber roofs. 
In the last few years we have seen both 
steel roofs and timber roofs fail. Unfortunately, 
probably more timber roofs have failed 
than steel roofs, simply because there are far 
more timber roofs. Many consulting engineers 
and clients who are nervous about the 
past failures of some timber roofs have considered 
using steel roofs ..
Enantiospecific Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Boc-Adda:  A Linear Approach (2000)

[structure: see text] Synthesis of the unusual amino acid (2S,3S,8S, 9S)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-4,6-decadienoic acid (Adda), a unit of numerous cyanobacterial toxins, is described. Construction of the target molecule was achieved in 13 steps with an overall yield of 40%. The work is highlighted by a novel one-pot transformation from isoxazolidin-5-one intermediate 6 to the final product, a step that can also be used to form beta-amino acids.
Ion bombardment sharpening of field emitter arrays (2002)

First results are presented on controlled ion bombardment sharpening of ungated and gated field emitter arrays (FEAs). The initial results indicate that controlled ion bombardment can produce sharpening of emitter tips in very short periods of time while maintaining the FEAs at, or close to, room temperature.
Daily omeprazole surpasses intermittent dosing in preventing relapse of oesophagitis: a US multi‐centre double‐blind study (1997)

These results show that after healing of erosive oesophagitis with 4-8 weeks of omeprazole, relapse of oesophagitis and recurrence of reflux symptoms can be prevented in 70% of patients with a maintenance regimen of 20 mg daily, but that intermittent dosing comprising 3 consecutive days each week significantly compromises efficacy.
Epiblast stem cells contribute new insight into pluripotency and gastrulation (2010)

Gastrulation is the defining feature of metazoan development where it serves to apportion seemingly equivalent, pluripotent cells to specific fates. The three embryonic germ layers generated during gastrulation from the pluripotent epiblast including ectoderm, mesoderm, and definitive endoderm, contain the progenitors required to build all of the tissues of the developing organism. As a result, there is great interest in understanding the events that coordinate gastrulation. Because developing embryos in placental mammals are relatively inaccessible, stem cells are widely used for experimental and biochemical interrogation of these processes. Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are grown from the post-implantation epiblast, which is the most proximal pluripotent tissue to the early somatic and germ cell precursors. Because EpiSCs can be propagated indefinitely in vitro as a stable state that recapitulates the properties of the post-implantation epiblast, they are uniquely positioned to provide novel insight into the developmental window where somatic and germ cell lineages are first established. Here we discuss the nature of EpiSCs and their significance in understanding gastrulation and cell specification in relationship to other pluripotent cell culture models.
Sensitive Time-Gated Immunoluminescence Detection of Prostate Cancer Cells Using a TEGylated Europium Ligand (2016)

We describe the application of a synthetically developed tetradentate β-diketonate-europium chelate with high quantum yield (39%), for sensitive immunodetection of prostate cancer cells (DU145). MIL38 antibody, a mouse monoclonal antibody against Glypican 1, conjugated directly to the chelate via lysine residues, resulted in soluble (hydrophilic) and stable immunoconjugates. Indirect labeling of the antibody by a europium chelated secondary polyclonal antibody and a streptavidin/biotin pair was also performed. All of these bright luminescent conjugates were used to stain DU145 cells, a prostate cancer cell line, using time gated luminescence microscopy for imaging, and their performances were compared to conventional FITC labeling. For all prepared conjugates, the europium chelate in conjunction with a gated autosynchronous luminescence detector (GALD) completely suppressed the cellular autofluorescence background to allow capture of vivid, high contrast images of immune-stained cancer cells.
Baseline Profile Stability for Network Anomaly Detection (2008)

Network attacks are commonplace in the Internet. One of the defense mechanisms against the network attacks is using a baseline profile established during normal operation to detect the traffic that deviates from the baseline profile. However, this approach works only if there is a stable base profile representing the legitimate network traffic. Although there has been some preliminary research, the details of profiling, such as the profile format, its size and the traffic stability by site or time, have not been widely available. In this study, we analyze actual traffic traces from two Internet traffic archives and verify the traffic stability by various aspects. The analysis shows that there are significant differences in the traffic patterns among different sites. In addition, there are some differences between different time of day or different days, even within a site, suggesting that different profiles are needed for different times. The result of this study can be used practically to anomaly-based IDS for determining the stability of the traffic for a particular site, and the number of required traffic profiles based on the traffic patterns.
Photoperiodism, Melatonin and the Pineal: It's Only a Question of Time (1985)

This chapter contains section titled: References
THE ACTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE ON CARBON MONOXIDE, SODIUM FORMATE AND SODIUM OXALATE. (1918)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE ON CARBON MONOXIDE, SODIUM FORMATE AND SODIUM OXALATE.Maitland C. Boswell and J. V. DicksonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1918, 40, 12, 1779–1786Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1918Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1918https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02245a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02245a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clustering of Wall Geometry from Unstructured Point Clouds Using Conditional Random Fields (2019)

The automated reconstruction of Building Information Modeling (BIM) objects from point cloud data is still subject of ongoing research. A vital step in the process is identifying the observations for each wall object. Given a set of segmented and classified point clouds, the labeled segments should be clustered according to their respective objects. The current processes to perform this task are sensitive to noise, occlusions, and the associativity between faces of neighboring objects. The proper retrieval of the observed geometry is especially important for wall geometry as it forms the basis for further BIM reconstruction. In this work, a method is presented to automatically group wall segments derived from point clouds according to the proper walls of a building. More specifically, a Conditional Random Field is employed that evaluates the context of each wall segment in order to determine which wall it belongs to. First, a set of classified planar primitives is obtained through algorithms developed in prior work. Next, both local and contextual features are extracted based on the nearest neighbors and a number of seeds that are heuristically determined. The final wall clusters are then computed by decoding the graph. The method is tested on our own data as well as the 2D-3D-Semantics (2D-3D-S) benchmark data of Stanford. Compared to a conventional region growing method, the proposed method reduces the rate of false positives, resulting in better wall clusters. Overall, the method computes a more balanced clustering of the observations. A key advantage of the proposed method is its capability to deal with wall geometry in complex configurations in multi-storey buildings opposed to the presented methods in current literature.
Effect of roasting time and temperature on volatile component profiles during nib roasting of cocoa beans ( <i>Theobroma cacao</i> ) (1998)

The effect of nib roasting time and temperature on volatile component profiles was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) which consisted of two independent variables: time (5–65 min) and temperature (110–170°C). A steam distillation extraction (SDE) method was used to extract and gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry equipped with an ICIS data system was used to identify the volatile compounds. Tetramethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, phenethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 3-methylbutyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and 2-phenylethanol were present in all treatments. Pyrazine formation increased as roasting time and temperature were increased. The number of pyrazines increased from 4 to 11 and 25, respectively, when roasting, time was increased from 5 to 35 and 65 min at 140°C. The unit area of esters increased (up to 1700–1800) when the roasting time was increased from 15 to 65 min (at 110–120°C). However, the unit area of carbonyls linearly decreased with an increasing roasting temperature at shorter time (5–25 min). The unit area of phenols was enormously reduced at the highest roasting temperature (160–170°C) with longest roasting time (45–65 min) while that of alcohol slightly decreased as roasting time and temperature were increased. © 1998 SCI.
L-arabinose transport systems in Escherichia coli K-12 (1981)

Mutations in the arabinose transport operons of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated with the Mu lac phage by screening for cells in which beta-galactosidase is induced in the presence of L-arabinose. Standard genetic techniques were then used to isolate numerous mutations in either of the two transport systems. Complementation tests revealed only one gene, araE, in the low-affinity arabinose uptake system. P1 transduction placed araE between lysA (60.9 min) and thyA (60.5 min) and closer to lysA. The operon of the high-affinity transport system was found to contain two genes: araF, which codes for the arabinose-binding protein, and a new gene, araG. The newly identified gene, araG, was shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to encode a protein which is located in the membrane. Only defects in araG could abolish uptake by the high-affinity system under the conditions we used.
Uniform Evaluation of Hardware Implementations of the Round-Two SHA-3 Candidates (2010)

Abstract. We describe our high-speed hardware modules for the 14 candidates of the second evaluation round of the SHA-3 hash function competition. Emphasis has been put on bringing as many aspects of design and implementation as possible into agreement in order to receive consistent and comparable evaluation results. For most candidates we have tested a range of different design and implementation options. The evaluation involved a large number of synthesis runs in a uniform setup and under the use of a simple optimization heuristic. In addition to identifying good hardware-design options, this approach has yielded data on numerous possible area-performance tradeoffs for the different hardware modules. The best configurations then underwent place &amp; route in order to reach the highest degree of accuracy of performance metrics short of actual implementation in silicon.
White-Noise Analysis of a Neuron Chain: An Application of the Wiener Theory (1972)

The Wiener theory of nonlinear system identification was applied to a three-stage neuron chain in the catfish retina in order to determine the functional relationship between the artificial polarization of the horizontal cell membrane potential and the resulting discharge of the ganglion cell. A mathematical model was obtained that can predict quantitatively, with reasonable accuracy, the nonlinear, dynamic behavior of the neuron chain. The applicability of the method is discussed. We conclude that this is a very powerful method in the analysis of information transfer in the central nervous system.
Eddy-current testing by flexible microloop magnetic sensor array (1998)

A flexible microloop magnetic sensor array has been developed for nondestructive evaluation in nuclear power plants and its fundamental characteristics have been investigated. A flexible micro-eddy current testing (micro-ECT) probe consists of a pancake-type exciting coil of the diameter of 3.2 /spl mu/m and a flexible microloop magnetic sensor array with an area of 14/spl times/14 mm/sup 2/ and a thickness of 125 /spl mu/m. The array has 16 microloop sensors made of copper formed on a flexible polyimide film by sophisticated photolithography. Each coil has 40 turns (8 /spl mu/m line and 8 /spl mu/m space) within an area of 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/. The flexible sensor array enables the micro-ECT probe to be applied to an arbitrary geometric configuration. The purpose of this work is to detect and reconstruct flaws in conductive tubing of a steam generator in a pressurized nuclear power reactor by using the flexible micro-ECT probe with higher spatial resolution than that of a conventional ECT probe. The spatial resolution of flaw detection was 3 mm and the detectability of an outer 20% flaw made by electric discharge machining was confirmed. The reconstruction of circumferential and axial flaws using the electromotive force and phase measured with the sensor array is described. Three-dimensional eddy current and magnetic field analysis was also performed for comparison with measured data. Finally, a design study of a practical and robust micro-ECT for a realistic tube configuration with respect to detectability was carried out.
Structure and Cytotoxicity of Diterpenoids from <i>Isodon eriocalyx</i> (2010)

A new ent-atisanoid, eriocatisin A (1), six new ent-abietanoids, eriocasins B-E (2-4, 7), 3-acetyleriocasin C (5), and 3β-acetoxyeriocasin D (6), and seven new ent-kauranoids, maoesins A-F (8, 10-14) and 3α-acetoxy-maoesin A (9), together with 21 known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon eriocalyx. The structures of 1-14 were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation. All compounds isolated were evaluated for their in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the HT-29, BEL-7402, and SK-OV-3 human cancer cell lines. Compounds 17, 18, and 20 showed inhibitory effects for all three tumor cell lines used, with IC(50) values in the range 2.1-7.3 μM.
Catecholamide chelators for actinide environmental and human decontamination (1986)

The catecholamide ''H'' shaped ligands show excellent promise as actinide chelators for environmental and human decontamination. Greater than 99% of the plutonium in an aqueous buffer solution was removed in a single pass. Additionally, 38% of the plutonium was removed from plutonium spike blood plasma in a single contact. Future studies will evaluate the performance of the ligands for actinide removal from waste water and plutonium clearance studies from animals. 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Conceptual Development of a Preliminary LSO Carrier Landing Training Aid. (1981)

A conceptual plan designed to aid the Landing Signal Officer (LSO) in training pilot carrier landing skills is described. The plan, named the Automated Performance Assessment and Remedial Training System (APARTS) employs basic principles of learning in integrating the Night Carrier Landing Trainer (NCLT) with Field Carrier Landing Practice (FCLP). Application of the APARTS conceptual plan resulted in the development of two computer programs, PADDLES and GRADER, which are described and documented. The two computer programs process, store and summarize LSO grades and comments of a pilot's landing performance during FCLP. Individualized training is accomplished through diagnostic training feedback provided by program printouts. NCLT remedial instruction is specified to correct a pilot's landing technique problems identified during FCLP. Future development and integration of APARTS for improved carrier landing training effectiveness is outlined. (Author)
Subversive-C: abusing and protecting dynamic message dispatch (2016)

The lower layers in the modern computing infrastructure are written in languages threatened by exploitation of memory management errors. Recently deployed exploit mitigations such as control-flow integrity (CFI) can prevent traditional return-oriented programming (ROP) exploits but are much less effective against newer techniques such as Counterfeit Object-Oriented Programming (COOP) that execute a chain of C++ virtual methods. Since these methods are valid control-flow targets, COOP attacks are hard to distinguish from benign computations. Code randomization is likewise ineffective against COOP. Until now, however, COOP attacks have been limited to vulnerable C++ applications which makes it unclear whether COOP is as general and portable a threat as ROP.

This paper demonstrates the first COOP-style exploit for Objective-C, the predominant programming language on Apple's OS X and iOS platforms. We also retrofit the Objective-C runtime with the first practical and efficient defense against our novel attack. Our defense is able to protect complex, real-world software such as iTunes without recompilation. Our performance experiments show that the overhead of our defense is low in practice.
DC-free (d, k) constrained low density parity check (LDPC) codes (2003)

Recently, turbo codes and low-density parity check (LDPC) codes with iterative soft decoding have been heavily investigated as potential candidates for low-SNR, high-density data storage systems. However, relatively less attention has been devoted to the investigation of (d, k) run-length limited (RLL) constrained LDPC codes, although run-length constraints are generally employed in data storage channels due to channel nonlinearities and timing recovery issues. In this paper, we propose an extended bit insertion technique to construct DC-free (d, k) constrained LDPC codes. As an example of the proposed method, we construct a DC-free (1,7) LDPC code, and report its performance in an optical storage channel.
Molecular and functional comparison of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> and the novel vitamin D receptor ligand, lithocholic acid, in activating transcription of cytochrome P450 3A4 (2004)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds to and mediates the effects of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) hormone to alter gene transcription. A newly recognized VDR ligand is the carcinogenic bile acid, lithocholic acid (LCA). We demonstrate that, in HT-29 colon cancer cells, both LCA and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induce expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), an enzyme involved in cellular detoxification. We also show that LCA-VDR stimulates transcription of gene reporter constructs containing DR3 and ER6 vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) from the human CYP3A4 gene. Utilizing gel mobility shift, pulldown, and mammalian two-hybrid assays, we observe that: (i) 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) enhances retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimerization with VDR more effectively than LCA, (ii) the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-liganded VDR-RXR heterodimer recruits full-length SRC-1 coactivator, whereas this interaction is minimal with LCA unless LXXLL-containing fragments of SRC-1 are employed, and (iii) both 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and LCA enhance the binding of VDR to DRIP205/mediator, but unlike 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-VDR, LCA-VDR does not interact detectably with NCoA-62 or TRIP1/SUG1, suggesting a different pattern of LCA-VDR comodulator association. Finally, residues in the human VDR (hVDR) ligand binding domain (LBD) were altered to create mutants unresponsive to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)- and/or LCA-stimulated transactivation, identifying S237 and S225/S278 as critical for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and LCA action, respectively. Therefore, these two VDR ligands contact distinct residues in the binding pocket, perhaps generating unique receptor conformations that determine the degree of RXR and comodulator binding. We propose that VDR is a bifunctional regulator, with the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-liganded conformation facilitating high affinity endocrine actions, and the LCA-liganded configuration mediating local, lower affinity cellular detoxification by upregulation of CYP3A4 in the colon.