gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable expression of a cDNA encoding rat brain protein kinase C-beta I confers a multidrug-resistant phenotype on rat fibroblasts. (1992)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a Ca++- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase that plays an important role in signal transduction pathways that regulate cell growth. Tumor cells selected for a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype often express elevated levels of PKC activity. To directly test whether PCK overexpression can produce an MDR phenotype, we studied rat embryo fibroblasts that were infected with the full-length cDNA clone RP58 encoding the beta I form of rat brain PKC. The PKC-beta I gene recipient R6-PKC3 cells are stable, overproduce PKC, and express an elevated level of PKC activity. R6-PKC3 cells exhibited significant resistance to adriamycin, actinomycin D, vinblastine, and vincristine but not to 5-fluorouracil. Intracellular accumulation of adriamycin, vinblastine, and vincristine was decreased in the R6-PKC3 cells, but this was not associated with an altered level of P-glycoprotein expression. Moreover, the reduction in drug accumulation appeared to be a consequence of a decreased rate of drug uptake. The data indicate that overexpression of PKC in rat fibroblasts produces an MDR phenotype without altering P-glycoprotein expression.
Novel test structures for the investigation of the efficiency of guard rings used for I/O-latch-up prevention (1990)

Test structures for guard ring efficiency measurements concerning input/output (I/O) latchup in integrated CMOS circuits for minority and majority carrier injection are introduced. The locations of two guard rings are varied for n/n/sup +/-epi (epitaxial) material and n-substrate. Latchup measurements were taken using a worst case detector, which simulates neighboring internal logic circuits. In non-epi material, the total efficiency of substrate guard rings for majority carrier injection, and of well guard rings for minority carrier injection is nearly equal (factor for the trigger current approximately=20). For epi material, the substrate guard rings for majority carrier injection have very little influence; but the trigger current without guard rings is already 25 times higher than for non-epi material.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PREPARATION OF BASE-DEUTERATED 2?-DEOXYADENOSINE NUCLEOSIDES AND THEIR SITE-SPECIFIC INCORPORATION INTO DNA (2001)

We report a four-step synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-deuteroadenosine from 2'-deoxyadenosine in 38% overall yield. The more accessible 2'-deoxy-8-deuteroadenosine was also prepared and incorporated into DNA by automated solid phase synthesis (80% deuterium) using N6-benzoyl-2'-deoxy-8-deuteroadenosine-3'-O-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite) in combination with acetyl-protected deoxycytidine and phenoxyacetyl-protected purine phosphoramidites.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hapten−Protein Conjugates for Antibody Production against Small Molecules (2003)

For the generation of antibodies against small hapten molecules, the hapten is cross-linked with some carrier protein to make it immunogenic. However, the formation of such conjugates is not always reproducible. This may lead to inconsistent hapten-protein stoichiometries, resulting in large variations in the generation of the desired antibodies. In the study described here the hapten (mercaptopropionic acid derivative of atrazine) was coupled to carrier protein at five different molar ratios. The hapten-protein conjugates prepared were characterized thoroughly by spectrophotometric absorption, fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), and gel electrophoresis methods, before being used for the immunization and assay purposes. Electrophoresis and fluorescence methods were very useful in detecting hapten-protein cross-linking while MALDI-MS and spectrophotometric detection provided qualitatively comparable hapten density. The production of specific antibodies was sought following the generation of appropriate hapten-protein conjugates. A high antibody titer with moderate antibody specificity was obtained with hapten density around 15 molecules per carrier protein. The study proved useful for monitoring the course of hapten-protein conjugation for the production of specific antibodies against small molecules.
Incidence of Common Postural Abnormalities in the Cervical, Shoulder, and Thoracic Regions and Their Association with Pain in Two Age Groups of Healthy Subjects (1992)

The purposes of this study were to identify the incidence of postural abnormalities of the thoracic, cervical, and shoulder regions in two age groups of healthy subjects and to explore whether these abnormalities were associated with pain. Eighty-eight healthy subjects, aged 20 to 50 years, were asked to answer a pain questionnaire and to stand by a plumb line for postural assessment of forward head, rounded shoulders, and kyphosis. Subjects were divided into two age groups: a 20- to 35-year-old group (mean = 25, SD = 63) and a 36- to 50-year-old group (mean = 47, SD = 2.6). Interrater and intrarater reliability (Cohen's Kappa coefficients) for postural assessment were established at .611 and .825, respectively. Frequency counts revealed postural abnormalities were prevalent (forward head = 66%, kyphosis = 38%, right rounded shoulder = 73%, left rounded shoulder = 66%). No relationship was found between the severity of postural abnormality and the severity and frequency of pain. Subjects with more severe postural abnormalities, however, had a significantly increased incidence of pain, as determined by chi-square analysis (critical chi 2 = 6, df = 2, P less than .05). Subjects with kyphosis and rounded shoulders had an increased incidence of interscapular pain, and those with a forward-head posture had an increased incidence of cervical, interscapular, and headache pain.
Hemicellulosic Polymers of Cell Walls of <i>Zea</i> Coleoptiles (1983)

Hemicellulosic polymers comprised about 43% of the primary walls of Zea mays L. cv WF9 x Bear 38 coleoptiles; these polymers were separated by an alkali-gradient into three major fractions. Fraction 1 (GAX I) was solubilized from walls with 0.01 to 0.045 n KOH and consisted of novel glucuronoarabino(galacto)xylans. Nearly six of every seven residues of these xylans were substituted predominantly with single arabinosyl sidegroups. Fraction 2 (GAX II), material released by 0.45 to 0.8 n KOH, was also enriched with glucuronoarabinoxylan, but only two of every three xylose residues was substituted. This xylan was similar to those found in Zea and other Graminaceous species. Both of these xylan fractions contained uronic acid, terminal- and 4-linked galactosyl, and small amounts of 2-, 3-, 5-, and 3,5-linked arabinosyl units. Fraction 3 (MG-GAX) was released by 2.0 to 3.0 n KOH and consisted of about 60% mixed-linked glucan and about 40% glucuronoarabinoxylan. This fraction represented about half of the total hemicellulosic material of the primary walls of these coleoptiles.The molecular weight of the highly substituted GAX I was approximately 21 kilodaltons as determined by the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar, but ultracentrifugation studies and gel chromatography on Sepharose 4B-200 indicated that GAX I formed larger aggregates of primarily 50 to 90 kilodaltons, whereas most of the GAX II and virtually all of the MG-GAX materials were excluded by Sepharose 4B; exclusion from the Sepharose was correlated with the presence of mixed-linked glucan. Only GAX II and MG-GAX material demonstrated any appreciable binding to cellulose in vitro.
LLM Integer Cosine Transform and its Fast Algorithm (2011)

Existing video coding standards use only 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 transforms for energy compaction. Recent research has found that the use of larger transforms, such as 16 × 16, together with the existing transforms can improve coding performance especially in high-definition (HD) videos which are becoming more and more common. This raises the interest of seeking high-performance higher-order transforms with low computation requirement. In this paper, a method to derive orthogonal integer cosine transforms is proposed. The order-2N transform is defined using the order-N transform. A family of these integer transforms, Loeffler, Ligtenberg, and Moschytz (LLM) integer cosine transform, is derived using this method. Its fast algorithm structure is the same as LLM fast discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm but requires integer operations only. This new family of transforms is not only very close to the DCT but also has excellent coding performance.
Fiber Bragg-grating strain sensor interrogation using laser radio-frequency modulation (2005)

We demonstrate the possibility of using radio-frequency modulation spectroscopic techniques for interrogation of fiber Bragg-grating (FBG) structures. Sidebands at 2 GHz are superimposed onto the output spectrum of a 1560-nm DFB diode laser. The power reflected by an FBG is demodulated at multiples of the sideband frequency. The sideband-to-carrier beat signal is shown to be extremely sensitive to Bragg wavelength shifts due to mechanical stress. Using this method, both static and dynamic strain measurements can be performed, with a noise-equivalent sensitivity of the order of 150 nepsilon/ radicalHz, in the quasi-static domain (2 Hz), and 1.6 nepsilon/ radicalHz at higher frequencies (1 kHz). The measured frequency response is presently limited at 20 kHz only by the test device bandwidth. A long-term reproducibility in strain measurements within 100 nepsilon is estimated from laser frequency drift referred to molecular absorption lines.
Multilayer silicone phantoms for the evaluation of quantitative optical techniques in skin imaging (2010)

With the development of multilayer models for the analysis of quantitative spectroscopic techniques, there is a need to generate controlled and stable phantoms capable of validating these new models specific to the particular instrument performance and/or probe geometry. Direct applications for these multilayer phantoms include characterization or validation of depth penetration for specific probe geometries or describing layer specific sensitivity of optical instrumentation. We will present a method of producing interchangeable silicone phantoms that vary in thickness from 90 microns up to several millimeters which can be combined to produce multilayered structures to mimic optical properties of physiologic tissues such as skin. The optical properties of these phantoms are verified through inverse addingdoubling methods and the homogeneous distribution of optical properties will be discussed.
Macroporous Thermosensitive Imprinted Hydrogel for Recognition of Protein by Metal Coordinate Interaction (2009)

A thermosensitive macroporous hydrogel showing selectivity for the lysozyme was developed by an imprinting procedure that is based on metal coordinate interaction. A metal chelate monomer [N-(4-vinyl)-benzyl iminodiacetic acid] forming coordination complex with the template protein in the presence of Cu ions co-polymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylamide, using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linker to prepare the thermosensitive protein-imprinted hydrogel. The synergetic combination of the smart property of the macroporous thermosensitive hydrogel with the merits of the coordinate interaction improved the selectivity and adsorption capacity, with respect to template lysozyme. The macropores were created by the frozen polymerization, and the influences of frozen polymerization and the chelate monomer content on the hydrogel affinity were investigated. The imprinted hydrogel can respond not only to external stimuli, but also to the template protein with a certain degree of shrinking. In recognition of the protein, the interaction of the imprinted thermosensitive hydrogel to the protein can be switched between the coordinate effect and the electrostatic effect by adding or not adding Cu ions. Finally, this imprinted hydrogel was used to purify the template lysozyme from the mixture of proteins and the real sample, which demonstrated its high selectivity.
Synthesis of new bis(tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]carbazoles) with a functionalized diaryl spacer (2001)

Some new bis(tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]carbazoles) were synthesized by Diels–Alder reactions of in-situ generated indole-2,3-quinodimethanes with a variety of bismaleimides as dienophiles and also by reaction of dianilines with a succinic acid anhydride group incorporated into a biscarbazole. In a special reaction a spermine linker was introduced. The new biscarbazoles represent potential DNA ligands for the development of new antitumor active drugs.
Antidiuretic Action of Collecting Duct (Pro)Renin Receptor Downstream of Vasopressin and PGE2 Receptor EP4 (2016)

Within the kidney, the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct (CD), particularly in intercalated cells, and it is regulated by the PGE<sub>2</sub> receptor EP<sub>4</sub> Notably, EP<sub>4</sub> also controls urinary concentration through regulation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2). Here, we tested the hypothesis that sequential activation of EP<sub>4</sub> and PRR determines AQP2 expression in the CD, thus mediating the antidiuretic action of vasopressin (AVP). Water deprivation (WD) elevated renal PRR expression and urinary soluble PRR excretion in rats. Intrarenal infusion of a PRR decoy peptide, PRO20, or an EP<sub>4</sub> antagonist partially prevented the decrease in urine volume and the increase in urine osmolality and AQP2 expression induced by 48-hour WD. In primary cultures of rat inner medullary CD cells, AQP2 expression induced by AVP treatment for 24 hours depended on sequential activation of the EP<sub>4</sub> receptor and PRR. Additionally, mice lacking PRR in the CD exhibited increased urine volume and decreased urine osmolality under basal conditions and impaired urine concentrating capability accompanied by severe volume loss and a dangerous level of plasma hyperosmolality after WD. Together, these results suggest a previously undescribed linear AVP/PGE<sub>2</sub>/EP<sub>4</sub>/PRR pathway in the CD for regulation of AQP2 expression and urine concentrating capability.
Efficient Induction of Logic Programs (1990)

Abstract A new research area, Inductive Logic Programming, is presently emerging. While inheriting various positive characteristics of the parent subjects of Logic Programming and Machine Learning, it is hoped that the new area will overcome many of the limitations of its forebears. The background to present developments within this area is discussed and various goals and aspirations for the increasing body of researchers are identified. Inductive Logic Programming needs to be based on sound principles from both Logic and Statistics. On the side of statistical justification ofhypotheses we discuss the possible relationship be-tween Algorithmic Complexity theory and Probably-Approximately-Correct (PAC) Learning. In terms of logic we provide a unifying framework for Muggleton and Buntine&apos;s Inverse Resolution (IR) and Plotkin&apos;s Relative Least General Generali-sation (RLGG) by rederiving RLGG in terms of IR. This leads to a discussion of the feasibility of extending the RLGG framework to allow for the invention of new predicates, previously discussed only within the cor~text of IR.
Femtosecond micromachining applications for electro-optic components (2002)

This paper investigates applications of femtosecond lasers in the improved manufacturing of microelectronic and electrooptic components. It examines the requirements for a precision laser micromachining system and discusses the capability of a commercially available laser systems to micromachine feature sizes from 1 mm down to submicron depths for a variety of materials including ceramics, metals, polymers and transparent materials. The precise nature of the ablation process can be utilized to carry out precision shaping of microfeatures for a particular application. Aspect ratios of 100 /spl mu/m smooth holes obtained can be greater than 10. No post processing is required and the substrate is unaffected.
A critique of orthodontic dogma. (1969)

Abstract No Abstract Available. * The first Wendell L. Wylie Memorial Lecture presented at the University of California, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, June 7, 1967.
Zr/oxidized diamond interface for high power Schottky diodes (2014)

High forward current density of 103 A/cm2 (at 6 V) and a breakdown field larger than 7.7 MV/cm for diamond diodes with a pseudo-vertical architecture, are demonstrated. The power figure of merit is above 244 MW/cm2 and the relative standard deviation of the reverse current density over 83 diodes is 10% with a mean value of 10−9 A/cm2. These results are obtained with zirconium as Schottky contacts on the oxygenated (100) oriented surface of a stack comprising an optimized lightly boron doped diamond layer on a heavily boron doped one, epitaxially grown on a Ib substrate. The origin of such performances are discussed.
ECO-ITS: Intelligent Transportation System Applications to Improve Environmental Performance (2012)

This report describes recent research supported by the US DOT’s AERIS program, building upon existing work through developing and improving data collection methods, developing new data fusion techniques to improve estimates, and applying appropriate models for ITS environmental/energy assessments. In addition, the report includes a synthesis of information gathered on other programs in ITS environmental research, as well as a set of technical recommendations on how to proceed with Tracks 1 – 3 of the AERIS program.\n
Rational Approaches to Chemotherapy: Antisickling Agents (1981)

The rationale leading to the design and synthesis of double-headed aspirins as potential antisickling agents is described.
High resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry of carbon and carbonaceous clusters (1990)

We produce carbon (Cn) and carbonaceous (CnHm) clusters by the addition of hydrogen to the helium carrier gas in a laser-vaporization cluster source, and probe the neutral cluster distributions for n≥20 by single-photon ionization in conjunction with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry using an angular reflectron. By adjusting the growth conditions in the cluster source, we produce Cn distributions with wide variations in their degree of local maxima, i.e., magic numbers. We find low-growth conditions under which unstable Cn (n=30–40 and odd n for n&gt;40) are produced in nearly the same abundances as the more stable clusters, particularly the even n for n&gt;40. Increasing the carrier gas density and residence time in the source leads to distributions in which the even clusters dominate their odd-numbered neighbors at n&gt;40. The carbonaceous cluster distributions produced by hydrogen addition always show a dramatic preference for the hydrogenation of clusters with odd n; the even clusters are observed predominantly as pure Cn. We perform a quantitative hydrogenation analysis of the CnHm that yields the hydrogenation fraction, the distribution of hydrogens, and the C/H ratio for each n. The results of this analysis provide evidence for the formation of long-chain polyacetylenes, CnH2, for even n up to n=44 and show the dramatic even/odd alternation in hydrogenation behavior beginning near n=40. We discuss our results for the large clusters in terms of the proposed spherical structures for even clusters and the corresponding model for particle growth via nuclei comprised of incomplete carbonaceous shells.
Research of the Design Method for the High Voltage Soft Switching Power Supply (2005)

The charging current characteristic with ideal and pra ctical series resonant topology is analyzed in this paper. This paper presents t he design of the resonant parameters and debug of the series resonant power supp ly by a method of graphologies, which can overcome the blindness of the design a nd debug of the high voltage pulse power supply. The simulations and practical e ngineering applications have verified the validity of graphology method.
Enhancement of Chaperone Function of α-Crystallin by Methylglyoxal Modification (2003)

The molecular chaperone function of α-crystallin in the lens prevents the aggregation and insolubilization of lens proteins that occur during the process of aging. We found that chemical modification of α-crystallin by a physiological α-dicarbonyl compound, methylglyoxal (MG), enhances its chaperone function. Protein-modifying sugars and ascorbate have no such effect and actually reduce chaperone function. Chaperone assay after immunoprecipitation or with immunoaffinity-purified argpyrimidine-α-crystallin indicates that 50−60% of the increased chaperone function is due to argpyrimidine-modified protein. Incubation of α-crystallin with dl-glyceraldehyde and arginine-modifying agents also enhances chaperone function, and we believe that the increased chaperone activity depends on the extent of arginine modification. Far- and near-UV circular dichroism spectra indicate modest changes in secondary and tertiary structure of MG-modified α-crystallin. LC MS/MS analysis of MG-modified α-crystallin following chymotryptic digestion revealed that R21, R49, and R103 in αA-crystallin were converted to argpyrimidine. 1,1‘-Bis(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5‘-disulfonic acid binding, an indicator of hydrophobicity of proteins, increased in α-crystallin modified by low concentrations of MG (2−100 μM). MG similarly enhances chaperone function of another small heat shock protein, Hsp27. Our results show that posttranslational modification by a metabolic product can enhance the chaperone function of α-crystallin and Hsp27 and suggest that such modification may be a protective mechanism against environmental and metabolic stresses. Augmentation of the chaperone function of α-crystallin might have evolved to protect the lens from deleterious protein modifications associated with aging.
In-situ piston measurements (2004)

Measurements are reported of piston secondary motion, piston ring motion, piston ring oil-film thicknesses, piston ring pack oil chemistry, piston friction and piston temperatures, using a variety of experimental techniques on running engines. These in-situ measurements have highlighted a number of interesting effects, of importance to both the piston designer and the lubricant formulator.
The Mobility, Resistivity and Carrier Density in p-Type Silicon Doped with Boron, Gallium and Indium. (1979)

The goal of this study has been to measure and compare with theory the resistivity and Hall mobility of holes in silicon doped with gallium and indium as functions of temperature and dopant density. Data taken on boron-doped silicon was also included in order to further confirm the adequacy of the theoretical model. In order to determine theoretically the resistivity and Hall mobility, one must first calculate the conductivity mobility, the density of holes, and the Hall factor. This can only be done with a thorough understanding of the energy band structure, the scattering mechanisms involved, and the carrier statistics. The application of an electric or a magnetic field to a crystal results in a variety of carrier transport phenomena. These phenomena are associated with the motion of current carriers in the conduction or valence bands. The free charge carrier in a semiconductor will acquire a drift velocity under the influence of an applied electric field. This velocity is the net result of the momentum gained from the externally applied field, and the momentum lost in collisions which tend to randomize the carrier momentum.