gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen: Consequences and Implications of Human Mutations in Synthesis and Action<sup>1</sup> (1999)

Recent developments have advanced our knowledge of the role of estrogen in the male. Studies of the mutations in CYP19, the gene encoding aromatase, in six females and two males and a mutant estrogen receptor alpha in a man are described. These observations provide illuminating new insights into the critical role of estrogen in the male (as well as female) in the pubertal growth spurt and skeletal maturation, and in the importance of estrogen sufficiency in the accrual and maintenance of bone mass. The weight of evidence supports an effect of androgens on the latter processes, but this effect has not been quantitated. There is a discordance in the estrogen-deficient male between skeletal growth and skeletal maturation and the accrual of bone mass and density. Estrogen synthesis by the testis is limited before puberty, and estrogen deficiency does not affect the age of pubertal onset. Estrogen deficiency in men leads to hypergonadotropism, macroorchidism, and increased testosterone levels. Estrogen lack has a significant effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and estrogen resistance was associated with evidence of premature coronary atherosclerosis in a man. These observations have highlighted the role of extraglandular estrogen synthesis and intracrine and paracrine actions. In the human, in contrast to nonprimate vertebrates, aromatase deficiency and estrogen resistance (alpha) does not seem to affect gender identity or psychosexual development. The clinical repercussions of mutations in CYP19 on the fetal-placental unit have highlighted the major role of placental aromatase in the protection of the female fetus from androgen excess, thus preventing androgen-induced pseudohermaphrodism and virilization of the mother. These features are compared with the virilization that occurs in utero in the female spotted hyena. The novel features of the aromatase deficiency syndrome in the affected female--in the fetus, during childhood, and at puberty--are discussed, including virilization at puberty and development of polycystic ovaries. The severity of the syndrome correlates with the severity of impairment of aromatase formation in expression systems. Finally, the structural consequences of missense mutations in CYP19 are described in accordance with a model of the structure of human aromatase.
Lectures on Hilbert Modular Varieties and Modular Forms (2001)

Introduction Tori and abelian varieties Complex abelian varieties with real multiplication and Hilbert modular forms Abelian varieties with real multiplication over general fields $p$-adic elliptic modular forms $p$-adic Hilbert modular forms Deformation theory of abelian varieties Group schemes Calculating with cusps Bibliography Notation index Index.
[When a child has HIV]. (1995)

When a child is diagnosed with AIDS, the parents should seek others in the same situation to discuss their fears. Parents should discuss the situation honestly with their children and keep explanations simple. Reassure the affected child that everything possible is being done on his or her behalf. Also reassure non-affected siblings that they are not to blame and that all are loved the same, regardless of the extra attention the AIDS child will require. Siblings may help and give support to their ill brother or sister. Teach basic hygiene, such as frequent hand washing and covering of wounds, to avoid the spread of infection. Parents and pediatricians must have open dialogue. Parents need to make sure they understand instructions, and have accurate records of lab reports and diaries to discover any important changes over time. An older child may keep his own diary. Be certain to be familiar with all of the child's medications and their possible side effects. Call the doctor if there are noticeable changes in activity level, appetite, or weight. Pay attention to breathing, pain, diarrhea, skin irritations, white blotches in mouth, frequent nose bleeds, or slow development in walking, speaking or learning. Insist that the doctor provide pain medication if other remedies are not providing relief. To protect the HIV-positive child from new infections, check skin for sores, keep mouth and teeth clean, maintain a healthy diet, and plan an exercise regimen.
The Interior Planning Guidelines of Child Care Center in Pusan (1998)

The purpose of this study was to examine the current interior conditions of Child Care Center and to suggest the interior planning guidelines of Child Care Center. Data were collected through questionnaire survey including observations and interviews. The sample consisted of 84 Child Care Centers. The data were analyzed by using SPSS-PC. The major findings were as follows: (1) Most of Child Care Centers are not in the desirable Interior environment. To enhance the quality of Child Care Center, the physical interior environment of Child Care Center should be influence on the development of child. (2) Functional spaces should be organized to support the child' behavior. Multi-purposed room should be provide to encourage and adapt to variety of large-muscle activities. (3) The design of Child Care Center should be emphasized to satisfy teachers and children who are directed users. (4) Interior finishings looks too monotonous and do not have characteristics. Natural materials, various colors and patterns are recommendable. Furniture should be designed to meet the functions of flexibility, mobility, and security.
Compressibility of water as a function of temperature and pressure (1973)

The isothermal compressibility of water from 0 to 100 °C and 0 to 1000 bar has been determined from Wilson's sound velocity measurements which have been normalized to Kell's 1 atm values. The isothermal compressibilities determined from the sound velocities have been fit, with a maximum deviation in compressibility of ± 0.016 × 10−6 bar−1, to an extended bulk modulus equation V 0P/(V0-VP) = B + A1P + A2P2, where V0 and VP are the specific volume at an applied pressure of zero and P; and B, A1, and A2 are temperature dependent constants. Our specific volume results are in reasonable agreement with the work of Kell and Whalley at low pressures; however, our results at high pressures (1000 bar) disagree by as much as 169 ppm (the average deviation is approximately 115 ppm). A comparison of the compressibilities indicates a parabolic shift in Kell and Whalley's work with a maximum of approximately 0.205 × 10−6 bar−1 at 400 bar and 5 °C. Since the velocity of sound data is extremely reliable (± 0.2 m/sec) and the maximum error in the compressibilities derived from the sound data is within ± 0.016 × 10−6 bar−1, our PVT results based upon the sound data are more accurate than any direct measurements made to date.
Structural, Electrical, and Thermal Behavior of Graphite‐Polyaniline Composites with Increased Crystallinity (2008)

Abstract Conductive materials are at the forefront of materials science research because of the large number of applications that have been developed around their interesting and unique properties. This work reports for the first time a correlation between the structural, electrical, and thermal behavior of novel graphite‐polyaniline (G‐PANI) composites with electrical conductivities greater than either of the individual components. The G:PANI mass ratio was varied during synthesis of the composites (90:10, 95:5, 96:4, 97:3, and 98:2 G:PANI mass ratios) and the highest electrical conductivity was determined for the composite having a G:PANI mass ratio of 96:4. The structural changes related to this increase in electrical conductivity were clearly reflected by the Raman spectra of the new composites, which indicated an improved crystallinity through a better stacking along the c ‐axis of graphite when PANI was present (as evidenced by the G and 2 × D modes at 1582 and 2684 cm −1 ). X‐ray diffraction data showed a slight increase in the (0 0 2) graphite crystal plane distance that was associated with a dilute stage intercalation or a possible “pseudo‐intercalation” of the polymer species between the graphite layers facilitating charge transfer in the composites. It is proposed that polyaniline acts as a charge transfer component between basal planes of graphite. Thermogravimetric analyses of the samples showed similar trends for the thermal stability in accordance with the electrical conductivity, the Raman and X‐ray diffraction data. The potential impact of this work is evident in the many areas that utilize graphite as conductive filler in electrically conducting materials. The composites can be used for a large number of applications in nanoelectronics, electromagnetic interference shielding, rechargeable batteries or as other advanced nanocomposite materials with improved electrical, structural, and thermal properties.
Case Studies off the Bending Vibration and Whirling Motion off Drill Collars (1990)

Summary This paper describes two principal sources of bottomhole-assembly (BHA) bending vibration: (1) drill-collar whirling and (2) linear coupling between weight-on-bit (WOB) fluctuations and bending vibration of an initially curved BHA. It also evaluates the consequences of bending vibration in terms of drill-collar wear and connection fatigue. Equations are given for forward and backward whirl rate and for tangential velocity at the borehole wall. Downhole measurements of bending moment are used to detect and to identify bending-vibration events, and data taken with a downhole vibration-measurement system are used to illustrate cases of linearly coupled bending vibration, forward and backward whirl, and bit bounce.
Autoinduction of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Biosynthesis in the Biocontrol Agent <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> CHA0 and Repression by the Bacterial Metabolites Salicylate and Pyoluteorin (2000)

The antimicrobial metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) contributes to the capacity of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 to control plant diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. A 2, 4-DAPG-negative Tn5 insertion mutant of strain CHA0 was isolated, and the nucleotide sequence of the 4-kb genomic DNA region adjacent to the Tn5 insertion site was determined. Four open reading frames were identified, two of which were homologous to phlA, the first gene of the 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic operon, and to the phlF gene encoding a pathway-specific transcriptional repressor. The Tn5 insertion was located in an open reading frame, tentatively named phlH, which is not related to known phl genes. In wild-type CHA0, 2, 4-DAPG production paralleled expression of a phlA'-'lacZ translational fusion, reaching a maximum in the late exponential growth phase. Thereafter, the compound appeared to be degraded to monoacetylphloroglucinol by the bacterium. 2,4-DAPG was identified as the active compound in extracts from culture supernatants of strain CHA0 specifically inducing phlA'-'lacZ expression about sixfold during exponential growth. Induction by exogenous 2,4-DAPG was most conspicuous in a phlA mutant, which was unable to produce 2, 4-DAPG. In a phlF mutant, 2,4-DAPG production was enhanced severalfold and phlA'-'lacZ was expressed at a level corresponding to that in the wild type with 2,4-DAPG added. The phlF mutant was insensitive to 2,4-DAPG addition. A transcriptional phlA-lacZ fusion was used to demonstrate that the repressor PhlF acts at the level of transcription. Expression of phlA'-'lacZ and 2,4-DAPG synthesis in strain CHA0 was strongly repressed by the bacterial extracellular metabolites salicylate and pyoluteorin as well as by fusaric acid, a toxin produced by the pythopathogenic fungus Fusarium. In the phlF mutant, these compounds did not affect phlA'-'lacZ expression and 2, 4-DAPG production. PhlF-mediated induction by 2,4-DAPG and repression by salicylate of phlA'-'lacZ expression was confirmed by using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host. In conclusion, our results show that autoinduction of 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis can be countered by certain bacterial (and fungal) metabolites. This mechanism, which depends on phlF function, may help P. fluorescens to produce homeostatically balanced amounts of extracellular metabolites.
Retrieval of wave aberration from point spread function or optical transfer function data (1981)

This paper describes the digital retrieval method of the wave aberration of an optical system from the point spread function or the optical transfer function data of the system. The Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is used as the iterative retrieval technique of the wave aberration with additional information about the type of aberration. The usefulness of the proposed method is confirmed by computer simulations. Several problems associated with the retrieval procedure are indicated by elementary experiments with a computer generated hologram as well as by computer simulations.
The Role of Tec Family Kinases in Myeloid Cells (2004)

Members of the Tec kinase family (Bmx, Btk, Itk, Rlk and Tec) are primarily expressed in the hematopoietic system and form, after the Src kinase family, the second largest class of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases. During lymphocyte development and activation Tec kinases have important functions in signaling pathways downstream of the antigen receptors. Tec family kinases are also expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage. However, with the exception of mast cells and platelets, their biological role in the myeloid system is only poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the function of Tec family kinases in hematopoietic cells of the myeloid lineage.
In-Vitro Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients (2019)

Elderly populations with diabetes are at a higher risk of UTI. Higher biofilm production and resistance to in-use antimicrobial agents in this study render its inefficacy for empirical treatment and point out the importance of biofilm screening to ensure the effective management of infection.
A research framework for analysing eBusiness models (2004)

As eBusiness is moving towards maturity, research interests shift to the investigation of opportunities for market exploitation of eBusiness technologies. As a result, the debate around business models naturally becomes more topical. However, while many researchers and practitioners are contemplating business models, there is an alarming lack of theoretical tools in the literature to structure and codify knowledge in the area. This paper draws on an extensive review of the literature to propose an analytic framework that decomposes the area of business models into eight research sub-domains. The proposed framework is then applied to organize and critically review existing research under each sub-domain as well as to define an agenda of future challenges on business model research. The framework can benefit future research by allowing researchers to better concentrate their efforts and place their contributions in an overall context, thus assisting in building a coherent body of knowledge in the challenging research domain of business models.
Silicon Photonic Polarization-Multiplexing Nanotaper for Chip-to-Fiber Coupling (2015)

We describe the design and operation of a polarization-multiplexed optical coupler that is integrated into a silicon photonic IC. The design is based on a nanotaper, and thus permits broadband edge-based coupling to lensed single-mode fiber. Since it operates adiabatically, the polarization-multiplexing nanotaper exhibits superior performance over an extremely broad bandwidth of 130 nm, and is robust to the fabrication variations that are typical of CMOS processes. Polarization crosstalk is below -30 dB, PDL is within ±0.5 dB, and the insertion loss is comparable to that of a traditional single-polarization nanotaper. We also demonstrate the operation of the polarization-multiplexing nanotaper in a high-speed DP-QPSK test bed.
A review of electricity monitoring and feedback systems (2011)

This paper reviews various products available in market and under study, which monitor electricity consumption and provide feedback of the energy usage. Energy usage feedback systems are categorized into three groups: (i) socket monitoring systems, (ii) whole-house monitoring systems, and (iii) whole-house monitoring with breakdown to individual appliances. In the future directions section, the paper describes a proposed energy usage feedback system, which provides feedback about individual appliances. This system also considers the effect of human behavior on energy usage and suggests a possible solution.
High efficiency green, yellow, and amber emission from InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire heterostructures on Si(111) (2010)

The authors report on the achievement of nearly defect-free, vertically aligned InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire nanoscale heterostructures grown directly on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Strong green, yellow, and amber emission, with a room temperature internal quantum efficiency of ∼45% of that measured at low temperature (∼10 K), was achieved. Detailed structural and optical studies further confirm that the emission characteristics are strongly influenced by the presence of In-rich nanoclusters, formed by phase segregation, in the InGaN dots.
Characterization of a tyramine receptor from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2002)

Octopamine (OA) plays an important role in the regulation of a number of key processes in nematodes, including pharyngeal pumping, locomotion and egg-laying. However, while putative OA receptors can be tentatively identified in the Caenorhabditis elegans database, no OA receptors have been functionally characterized from any nematode. We have isolated two cDNAs, ser-2 and ser-2a, encoding putative C.elegans serotonin/OA receptors (C02D4.2, ser-2). The sequences of these cDNAs differ from that predicted by GeneFinder and lack 42 bp of exon 2. In addition, ser-2a appears to be alternatively spliced and lacks a predicted 23 amino acids in the third intracellular loop. COS-7 cells expressing SER-2 bind [3H]LSD in the low nM range and exhibit Kis for tyramine, octopamine and serotonin of 0.07, 2, and 13.7 micro m, respectively. Significantly, tyramine reduces forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels in HEK293 cells stably expressing SER-2 with an IC50 of about 360 nm, suggesting that SER-2 is a tyramine receptor.
Logic synthesis for lookup-table based field-programmable gate arrays (1999)

In this dissertation, we study the logic synthesis for lookup-table (LUT) based FPGAs. In particular, we study technology mapping of LUT-based FPGAs, structural and functional gate decomposition, and Boolean matching for complex programmable logic blocks (PLBs). We have achieved the following results. (1) We developed new technology mapping algorithms for simultaneous depth and area minimization for LUT-based FPGAs. Our algorithm is efficient and scalable to large designs, and achieves up to 20% smaller area when compared with FlowMap while maintaining optimal depth in mapping solutions. (2) We showed several properties of structural gate decomposition for depth-optimal technology mapping, including the NP-hardness result of the problem. We developed new heuristic algorithms for structural gate decomposition and performed extensive experiments. Our algorithms result in 4% to 16% smaller depth and 10% smaller area compared with previous structural gate decomposition methods, and is an order of magnitude faster than both algebraic and Boolean gate decomposition approaches. (3) We presented a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of partially-dependent decomposition of Boolean functions, and developed new algorithms to compute such decompositions. We applied our techniques to the resynthesis of LUT networks, and obtained 18% depth and area reduction. Compared with previous approaches, our approach obtains 10% to 39% smaller area in the final LUT networks. (4) We developed a set of functional decomposition techniques for matching any Boolean function to a set of PLBs, including many commercial FPGAs, and provided quantitative evaluation of logic capabilities for these PLB architectures. We integrated these Boolean matching techniques into technology mapping algorithms for the Xilinx XC4000 and XC5200 series of FPGAs. Compared with previous LUT mapping results, our algorithms result in up to 18% depth reduction with no or little increase in area in mapping solutions.
Direct Enzymatic Conversion of Lactose in Milk to Acid (1975)

ently on study leave from Hawkesbury Ag-
Behavioral emulation of synthesized RT-level descriptions using VLIW architectures (2002)

Describes techniques that allow VLIW architectures to be used for the behavioral emulation of RT-level descriptions. The starting point of the techniques is a behavioral description at the algorithmic level, e.g. VHDL. This description is transformed into RT-level descriptions of the datapath and controller. The controller is given as a finite state machine. We show how to map these descriptions onto assembly code that can be executed on a VLIW microprocessor. We found the Texas Instruments TMS320C6x series of DSP chips to be suitable candidates for the mapping.
Cracking of Simulated Oil Refinery Off-Gas over a Coal Char, Petroleum Coke, and Quartz (2008)

The cracking of oil refinery off-gas, simulated with a gas mixture containing methane (51%), ethylene (21.4%), ethane (21.1%), and propane (6.5%), over a coal char, petroleum coke, and quartz, respectively, has been studied in a fixed bed reactor. The experiments were performed at temperatures between 850 and 1000 °C and at atmospheric pressure. The results show that the conversions of all species considered increased with increasing temperature. Ethane and propane completely decomposed over all three bed materials in the temperature range investigated. However, the higher initial conversion rates of methane and ethylene cracking at all temperatures were observed only over the coal char and not on the petroleum coke and quartz, indicating a significant catalytic effect of the coal char on methane and ethylene cracking. Methane and ethylene conversions decreased with reaction time due to deactivation of the coal char by carbon deposition on the char surface and, in the later stage of a cracking experiment, became negative, suggesting that methane and ethylene had been formed during the cracking of ethane and propane.
A Synthetic Green Fluorescent Protein Gene for Plant Biotechnology. (2003)

Since Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from Aequorea jellyfish emits green fluorescence without any additional substrates or co-factors, it has emerged as a powerful new reporter for use in a variety of organisms. However, improvements such as the alteration of the excitation spectrum and the elimination of a cryptic intron site were necessary for its efficient use in plants. An engineered synthetic GFP with a S65T mutation (replacement of the serine in position 65 with a threonine) in the chromophore has provided up to 100-fold brighter fluorescent signals than the wild-type jellyfish GFP sequence without any toxic effects. The sGFP(S65T) has been widely used for studies such as localization analysis and promoter assays. This sGFP(S65T) is also an ideal candidate for the development of transformation methods for crops and trees in which it has previously proved difficult to obtain transformants via conventional methods. A non-invasive, quantitative detection technique for this GFP has been achieved in conjunction with a fluorescent imaging system.