gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycerol oxidation in discrete areas of rat brain from young, adolescent, and adult rats (1988)

We have reported previously that the oxidation rate of [1,3-14C] glycerol to 14CO2 is lower in whole brain homogenates from neonatal rats and increases about 30% during the suckling period to adult levels. To determine whether there are developmental changes in glycerol oxidation in discrete regions of brain, we examined the oxidation of glycerol by homogenates of hypothalamus, cerebellum, brain stem, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of young (4-6 days) and older (18-20 days) pups and adult (greater than 90 day) rats. The oxidation was measured at both low (0.2 mM) and high (2.0 mM) concentrations of glycerol, since the oxidation of glycerol by brain tissue has been shown to exhibit biphasic kinetics. At each age, and with both concentrations of glycerol, there were significant differences among the discrete brain regions. Although the rate of glycerol oxidation increased with age in most areas of brain, each brain region had a distinct developmental profile. In the hypothalamus, the oxidation of glycerol increased significantly between 4-6 days and adult levels at 18-20 days. The oxidation of glycerol was essentially the same in homogenates of cortex from young and older pups, but it was significantly increased in adults. In contrast with other brain regions, the oxidation of glycerol by brain stem was highest at 4-6 days and significantly decreased with age. The developmental profile of glycerol oxidation in hippocampus and cerebellum was particularly complex, since it increased with age at low, but not at high, concentrations of glycerol. This developmental pattern in hippocampus and cerebellum could be related to changes in the biphasic kinetics of glycerol oxidation and suggests that glycerol metabolism is different in these two areas of brain compared with other areas of brain.
Determination of Phenolic Compounds Based on Co‐Immobilization of Methylene Blue and HRP on Multi‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Abstract This work evaluated an amperometric biosensor based on multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), chemically modified with methylene blue (Met) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), for detection of phenolic compounds. The dependences of the biosensor response due to the enzyme immobilization procedure, HRP amounts, pH and working potential were investigated. The amperometric response for catechol using the proposed biosensor showed a very wide linear response range (1 to 150 μmol L −1 ), good sensitivity (50 nA cm −2 μmol −1 L), excellent operational stability (after 300 determinations the response remained at 97%) and very good storage stability (lifetime>3 months). Based on all these characteristics, it is possible to affirm that the material is promising for phenol detection due to its good electrochemical response and enzyme stabilization. The biosensor response for various phenolic compounds was investigated.
Renal cysts in transgenic mice expressing transforming growth factor-alpha. (1994)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of proteins and, like EGF, elicits its cellular function by binding to the EGF receptor. EGF stimulation may have a role in several normal and pathologic processes in the kidney, and EGF has been implicated in the development of renal cysts in vitro and in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. We sought to determine whether renal expression of an EGF-like protein (TGF-alpha) could lead to the formation of renal cysts in vivo. We examined morphologic alterations to the normal kidney caused by renal expression of a TGF-alpha transgene linked to a mouse metallothionein promoter stably integrated into the genome of the CD1 mouse. TGF-alpha transgene expression was induced with exogenous zinc treatment starting at 4 weeks of age, and mice were killed at 8 weeks of age. The transgene was expressed at higher levels in female transgenic mice than in male transgenic mice. The augmented expression of the TGF-alpha transgene in females was associated with increased renal size and the development of renal epithelial cysts. Both male and female mice exhibited increases in glomerular size and mesangial volume density. These results provide evidence that stimulation by an endogenous EGF-like protein can lead to renal enlargement, glomerular mesangial expansion, and renal cyst formation.
Adaptive wave field synthesis with independent radiation mode control for active sound field reproduction: Theory (2006)

Sound field reproduction finds applications in music or audio reproduction and experimental acoustics. For audio applications, sound field reproduction can be used to artificially reproduce the spatial character of natural hearing. The general objective is then to reproduce a sound field in a real reproduction environment. Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a known open-loop technology which assumes that the reproduction environment is anechoic. For classical WFS, the room response thus reduces the quality of the physical sound field reproduction. In this paper, adaptive wave field synthesis (AWFS) is analytically investigated as an adaptive sound field reproduction system combining WFS and active control with a limited number of reproduction error sensors to compensate the response of the listening environment. The primary point of this paper is the definition of AWFS. Therefore, the fundamental behavior of AWFS is illustrated by analytical considerations and simple free-field simulation results. As demonstrated, AWFS is fundamentally related to WFS and “Ambisonics.” The paper introduces independent adaptive control of sound field reproduction on the basis of radiation modes, via the singular value decomposition of the transfer impedance matrix. Possible practical independent control of radiation modes for AWFS is discussed.
Mechanism of TNF‐α‐induced migration and hepatocyte growth factor production in human mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may decrease destructive inflammation and reduce tissue loss. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a central role in induction of proinflammatory signaling and paradoxically activates intracellular anti-inflammatory survival pathways. In this study, we investigated whether TNF-α could induce a chemotactic effect on human MSCs and stimulate their production of anti-inflammatory factors in vitro, as well as determined mechanisms that mediated this effect. Migration assays demonstrated that TNF-α had a chemotactic effect on MSCs. TNF-α increased both hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA expression in MSCs and HGF secretion in conditioned medium. These effects were dependent on the p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt, but not JNK and ERK signaling pathways. Furthermore, these effects were inhibited by a specific neutralizing antibody to TNF receptor II, but not TNF receptor I. We conclude that TNF-α can enhance human MSCs migration and stimulate their production of HGF. These effects are mediated via a specific TNF receptor and signaling pathways.
Next-generation WLAN architecture for high performance networks (2008)

The evolution of wireless local area networking (WLAN) is facing a new set of requirements, driven by a number of technology and business trends. One is the imminent arrival of the 802.11n standard, which will increase wireless traffic loads by more than 10 times-far exceeding the throughput capacity of today's wireless switches. Another trend is the acceleration in enterprise adoption of voice over IP that is dramatically cutting phone costs. Enterprises are eager to extend VoIP over wireless, but current generation WLANs cannot support voice at enterprise-wide scale. Additional trends include the need to extend wireless service outdoors throughout the campus, quad and warehouse, as well as the need to maintain state- of-the-art wireless security and minimize management and operations costs as wireless networks increase in size, criticality, and pervasive use. Today's WLAN architectures fall under one of two approaches-distributed or centralized. A distributed architectureplaces all the intelligence in the network access points. This approach is also known as "fat AP." A centralized architecture places all the intelligence in one or more WLAN controllers rather than the AP. This approach is also known as "thin AP." Neither of today's approaches provides the traffic optimization necessary to handle the emerging requirements for next generation WLANs, including cost-effective implementation of 802.11n networks and large-scale voice over WLAN deployments, while retaining centralized control and management.Recognizing the limitations of current approaches,we have developed a new WLAN architecture which introduces an innovative breakthrough called "intelligent switching," which combines the advantages of both centralized and distributed approaches. As a result, organizations can adopt high-performance 802.1 In networks, deliver high-quality voice for hundreds of users, and scale their WLANs across the enterprise indoors and outdoors, without compromising security or manageability and without having to upgrade their existing switching or WLAN controller infrastructures This paper identifies the requirements for next-generation WLANs, examines the limitations of existing approaches and describes an innovative WLAN architecture, which overcomes those limitations.
Comparison of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Long-Term Pain Relief in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (2004)

A cumulative analgesic effect was observed in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) after repeated percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS), but this effect gradually faded after the treatment was terminated. Results indicate that although PENS is effective for chronic LBP, treatments need to be continued to sustain analgesia.
Functional consequences of caspase activation in cardiac myocytes (2002)

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is present in many cardiac disease states, including heart failure and ischemic heart disease. Apoptosis is associated with the activation of caspases that mediate the cleavage of vital and structural proteins. However, the functional contribution of apoptosis to these conditions is not known. Furthermore, in cardiac myocytes, apoptosis may not be complete, allowing the cells to persist for a prolonged period within the myocardium. Therefore, we examined whether caspase-3 cleaved cardiac myofibrillar proteins and, if so, whether it affects contractile function. The effects of caspase-3 were studied in vitro on individual components of the cardiac myofilament including alpha-actin, alpha-actinin, myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain 1/2, tropomyosin, cardiac troponins (T, I, C), and the trimeric troponin complex. Exposure of the myofibrillar protein (listed above) to caspase-3 for 4 h resulted in the cleavage of alpha-actin and alpha-actinin, but not myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain 1/2, and tropomyosin, into three fragments (30, 20, and 15 kDa) and one major fragment (45 kDa), respectively. When cTnT, cTnI, and cTnC were incubated individually with caspase-3, there was no detectable cleavage. However, when the recombinant troponin complex was exposed to caspase-3, cTnT was cleaved, resulting in fragments of 25 kDa. Furthermore, rat cardiac myofilaments exposed to caspase-3 exhibited similar patterns of myofibrillar protein cleavage. Treatment with the caspase inhibitor DEVD-CHO or z-VAD-fmk abolished the cleavage. Myofilaments, isolated from adult rat ventricular myocytes after induction of apoptotic pathway by using beta-adrenergic stimulation, displayed a similar pattern of actin and TnT cleavage. Exposure of skinned fiber to caspase-3 decreased maximal Ca(2+)-activated force and myofibrillar ATPase activity. Our results indicate that caspase-3 cleaved myofibrillar proteins, resulting in an impaired force/Ca(2+) relationship and myofibrillar ATPase activity. Induction of apoptosis in cardiac cells was associated with similar cleavage of myofilaments. Therefore, activation of apoptotic pathways may lead to contractile dysfunction before cell death.
An inverted polymer photovoltaic cell with increased air stability obtained by employing novel hole/electron collecting layers (2009)

In this work, an inverted device was fabricated using titania (TiO2) as the electron collecting layer (ECL) and sulfonated poly(diphenylamine) (SPDPA) as the hole collecting layer (HCL). Smooth TiO2 film with good electron collecting ability was easily formed using the spin-coating process. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 3.91%, the same as that of a conventional device. This inverted device is ascertained to maintain 2.82% PCE after 400 h of air-storage. Because of the appropriate work functions of ECL and HCL, the interfaces at the active layer have the ohmic contacts those approach the ideal value of open circuit voltage. SPDPA helps improve the interfacial dipole effect between the active layer and the metal, as verified by in-situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic data.
Retrieving the exact Green’s function by wavefield crosscorrelation (2010)

Recent development on the Green's function retrieval by wavefield crosscorrelation has substantially advanced the physical research in a multidisciplinary and unprecedented fashion. However, the underlying assumption of the theory that the sources are in the far-field limits the technology to extracting only the high-frequency part of the Green's function in an open system. This critical approximation can be eliminated using the exact boundary integral equation method. A scheme involving the crosscorrelation kernel is proposed to recover the exact Green's function including all-frequency content. Symmetric difference kernels are analytically constructed for sources on a plane or on a circle and can be reduced to the known Dirac delta kernel under the far-field approximation.
THE PRINCIPLES OF THE FIBRE REINFORCEMENT OF METALS (1965)

At the moment a good deal of interest is being shown in the idea of increasing the strength and fracture-toughness of metals at room and higher temperatures by the incorporation into them of strong fibres. The aim of this review is to present the scientific principles of fibre reinforcement and after discussing the type of microstructure needed to consider what methods can be used to achieve it.
HIGH POWER TESTS OF INPUT COUPLERS FOR CORNELL ERL INJECTOR (2007)

RF power couplers for the ERL injector, currently under construction at Cornell University, have been fabricated. The couplers were assembled in pairs in the liquid nitrogen cryostat, built for their tests. First two prototype couplers were tested using an IOT transmitter and a resonant ring for additional power amplification. They were tested up to the goal power level of 50 kW CW and used later for tests of the first injector cavity. However, the first pair of couplers showed excessive temperature rise in some points. Therefore, minor changes in the design have been done to improve cooling. The couplers of updated design were successfully tested from a klystron up to the power level of 60 kW CW. In situ baking was implemented for coupler installed in the cryostat.
Nearly Dislocation-free Ge/Si Heterostructures by Using Nanoscale Epitaxial Growth Method (2012)

The selective growth of germanium into nanoscale trenches on silicon substrates was ext. 7660investigated. These nanoscale trenches–the smallest size of which was 50 nm–were fabricated using the state-of-the-art shallow trench isolation technique. The quality of the Ge films was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the formation of threading dislocations (TDs) was effectively suppressed when using this deposition technique. It was considered that for the Ge grown in nanoscale Si areas (e.g., several tens of nanometers), the TDs were readily removed during cyclic thermal annealing, predominantly because their gliding distance to the SiO2 sidewalls was very short. Therefore, nanoscale epitaxial growth technology can be used to deposit Ge films on lattice-mismatched Si substrates with a reduced defect density.
All-digital RF signal generation for software defined radio (2008)

Digital generation of radio-frequency signals is a key concept of software defined radios. This paper presents a digital transmitter chain including a very high-speed delta-sigma modulator. It comprises also baseband processing, sample rate conversion, digital upconverter and output stages (switching- mode amplifier and BAW filters). About 74 dB of ACLR (adjacent channel leakage ratio) is obtained on the 7.8 GS/s output of the delta-sigma modulator for the WCDMA standard.
Electroluminescence in Zinc Sulfide (1956)

A simple theory, based upon a single-level trapping and field-controlled thermal release process, predicts detailed dependences of electroluminescence light output wave form and integrated light output on voltage, frequency, and temperature. Extensive data, obtained with the use of zinc sulfide phosphor powder layers, are in close agreement with the theory. Negligible frequency dependence of integrated light output at low fields and low temperatures and the usual strong dependence at higher fields are predicted and experimentally confirmed. Small temperature dependence, over a wide range of temperatures, at high fields and low frequencies, and strong dependence at lower fields, are predicted and observed; this explains the fact that both strong and weak temperature dependences are reported in the literature. Further correlations, together with the associated data, are presented.
Development of Advanced Catalysts and Supports for PEM Fuel Cell Application (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Assessment Criteria for Verbal Interaction Contents in r-Learning (2012)

The interaction between students and educational media in the ‘r-learning' system is a more developed than its predecessors the e-learning or u-learning systems. It is based on a ubiquitous computing environment and is defined as a learning support system that encourages verbal interaction. The development of an assessment criterion for the contents of verbal interaction is urgently needed for quality control as r-learning contents are not restricted and provide students with appropriate verbal service through the collection of student information. Thus, this study aims to develop an objective and valid assessment criteria on nonverbal interaction of r-learning. The objectives are 1) to analyze the previous research relating to r-learning as well as its contents, and verbal interaction, 2) to develop an assessment criteria subdividing verbal interaction into speech recognition ability, attention, question, instruction, learning error correction feedback, and motivation reinforcement feedback, 3) to investigate construct validity in order to verify validity of r-learning assessment criteria suggested by this study through the results of content validity and confirmatory factor analysis, and 4) to verify reliability of the evaluation criteria by using Cronbach's Alpha factor. This allows for the identification of inter-item consistency and item homogeneity of test items. The assessment criteria for verbal interaction of r-learning contents developed in this study will provide the standards of selecting of contents. Such factors and the development direction of contents will improve students' r-learning satisfaction through quality control.
Functionalized Metallic Carbon Nanotube Devices for pH Sensing (2006)

A pH sensor based upon gentle covalent modification of individual metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes is demonstrated. The sensing mechanism relies upon the protonation-dependent charge carrier scattering (see figure) by N,N-diethylaniline moieties anchored to the tube sidewall. This novel approach holds promise to extend the accessible range of nanotube-based (bio)chemical sensors.
nSCTP: A new transport layer tunnelling approach to provide seamless handover for moving networks (2007)

In this paper, we propose a transport layer tunnelling for improving the seamless handover for group mobility. Efficiency of this protocol in reducing the handover latency, increasing the end-to-end throughput in wireless access networks with frequent handovers has been considered. We show that the new scheme could significantly increase the throughput particularly when the mobile networks roam frequently.
Principles of welding : processes, physics, chemistry, and metallurgy (2004)

THE PROCESS AND PROCESSES OF WELDING. Introduction to the Process of Welding. Classifying Welding Processes. Fusion Welding Processes. Nonfusion Welding Processes. THE PHYSICS OF WELDING. Energy for Welding. The Flow of Heat in Welds. Thermally Induced Distortion and Residual Stresses During Welding. The Physics of Welding Energy or Power Sources. Molten Metal Transfer in Consumable Electrode Arc Welding. Weld Pool Convection, Oscillation, and Evaporation. THE CHEMISTRY OF WELDING. Molten Metal and Weld Pool Reactions. Weld Chemical Heterogeneity. THE METALLURGY OF WELDING. Weld Fusion Zone Solidification. Eutectic, Peritectic, and Postsolidification Fusion Zone Transformations. The Partially Melted Zone. The Weld Heat-Affected Zone. Weldability and Weld Testing. Closing Thoughts. Appendices. Index.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC) – can direct delivery of transcription factors into the cytosol overcome the perils of permanent genetic modification? (2008)

We read with great interest the review of Saric and Hescheler [1] on the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from human somatic cells through genetic modulation and its implication ...
A new efficient partial node update for wireless sensor networks using a simulated virtual node (2008)

We should consider many variable factors when deploying sensor nodes to a real field. However, we used to face with new unpredictable conditions in a field. On-demand node updating technique is very useful in these cases. Low power consumption is another requirement for sensor nodes because sensor nodes are generally distributed in wide area using small batteries only. In this paper, we suggest a new low power partial update technique for reducing power and time to update the sensor nodes.
Migrating to Learn and Learning to Migrate: A Study of the Experiences and Intentions of International Student Migrants (1996)

"The research reported here evaluates whether students come to the UK mainly for educational reasons, and therefore perceive their stay as temporary, or whether emigration for study is being used as part of a conscious strategy by people intending to become future labour migrants.... The simplest interpretation of the results appears to be that migration, experienced as a result of international moves for study purposes, does not influence planning of further migration moves. But the research also indicates that migration for education is closely tied to other types of population redistribution and should be treated by population geographers as an integral part of international migration systems." Data were collected by questionnaire survey from 349 engineering students at Hong Kong universities and 82 Hong Kong students studying engineering in the UK.
Accessible Pedestrian Signals: A Guide to Best Practices (2007)

This report is designed to serve as a companion resource document to a one-day training course on accessible pedestrian signals (APS). It includes the following chapters: (1) Introduction to Accessible Pedestrian Signals: Definition and Current Guidance; (2) Travel by Pedestrians Who Are Blind or Who Have Low Vision; (3) Understanding Traffic Signals and Modern Intersection Design; (4) Features of Accessible Pedestrian Signals; (5) When to Install Accessible Pedestrian Signals; (6) Designing APS Installations; (7) Installation, Operation, and Maintenance; (8) Public Education about Accessible Pedestrian Signals; (9) U.S. Case Studies; and (10) International Practice. There are 5 appendices: (A) Current Guidelines; (B) Product Information; (C) Research on Accessible Pedestrian Signals; (D) APS Prioritization Tool Instructions and Forms; and (E) Glossary.