gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Duchenne/becker muscular dystrophy carrier detection using quantitative PCR and fluorescence‐based strategies (1993)

Abstract Dystrophin gene deletions account for up to 68% of all Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophy mutations. In affected males, these deletions can be detected easily using multiplex PCR tests which monitor for exon presence. In addition, quantitative dosage screening can discriminate female carriers. We previously analyzed multiplex PCR products by gel electrophoresis and quantitation of fluorescently labeled primers with the Gene Scanner™ in order to test carrier status. These multiplex PCR protocols detect DMD gene deletions adequately, but require up to 18 pairs of fluorochrome‐labeled primers. We previously described two alternative fluorescent labeling strategies, each with approximately 1,000‐fold greater sensitivity than ethidium bromide staining, which can be used to quantify the products of multiplex PCR. The first method uses the DNA intercalating thiazole orange dye TOTO‐1 to stain PCR products after 20 cycles. In the second method, fluorescein‐12,2′‐dUTP is incorporated into products during PCR as a fluorescent tag for subsequent quantitative dosage studies. Both methods label all multiplexed exons including the 506 bp exon 48 fragment that is difficult to detect and quantify by standard ethidium bromide staining. Using this approach, we determined DMD/BMD carrier status in 24 unrelated families using a fluorescent fragment analyzer. Analysis of fluorochrome‐labeled PCR products facilitates quantitative multiplex PCR for gene‐dosage analysis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The research of high detection efficiency boron lined detector with a honeycomb neutron converter (2015)

We proposed a new design of a boron lined neutron detector with separated neutron converter and electron multiplier to simplify the manufacturing process. The comprehensive simulations about the detection efficiency have been performed with the aid of MCNP5, Maxwell and Garfield. The neutron detection efficiency with one row of detector unit could achieve 47%@25.3meV with the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nat</sup> B layer and can reach up to 80%@25.3meV with five rows of detector units, implying that this detector could be used in the applications of small-angle neutron scattering for scientific research or radiation portal monitor for homeland security.
Cell Transplantation and Federal Regulation (1995)

Federal regulation of tissues and organs has proceeded slowly, with main emphasis on safety of the procured material. More recently with the development of somatic cell therapies, the Food and Drug Administration has issued some guidance documents that establish that some classes of cells that are manufactured will be subject to not only safety but efficacy requirements. Cell transplantation presents several aspects that are similar to somatic cell therapies, and the purpose of this presentation is to explore those relationships.
Synergistic cooperation between the AP‐1 and LEF‐1 transcription factors in the activation of the matrilysin promoter by the src oncogene: implications in cellular invasion (2003)

The matrix metalloprotease matrilysin is expressed in premalignant polyps and plays a key role in local invasion during the progression of digestive tumors. In the present work, we investigated the possible relationships between the activity of the mouse and human matrilysin promoters (Mp), endogenous matrilysin protein expression, and two early oncogenetic defects frequently observed in human colonic cancers, namely activation of the src oncogene and impairment of the Wnt/APC/beta-catenin pathway. Using transient transfection assays, we report here that src signaling and the HMG-box transcription factor LEF-1 act synergistically with the proximal (-61 to -67) AP-1 binding site to transactivate the Mp in premalignant and tumorigenic kidney and colonic epithelial cells, through beta-catenin- and axin-independent signaling pathways. This synergism involves the -109 and -194 Tcf/LEF-1 binding sites in the Mp and a physical interaction between LEF-1 and c-Jun. Furthermore, src coordinates accumulation of the c-Jun factor and matrilysin transcripts. Conversely, the c-Jun dominant negative mutant TAM67 and the src tyrosine kinase inhibitor M475271 impaired src-induced Mp activation, matrilysin protein accumulation, and invasion of type I collagen gels. This mechanism may thereby contribute to cellular invasion during the early-stage adenoma/adenocarcinoma conversion and the metastatic process of digestive tumors.
Probabilistic shaping for 56-Gbps PAM-4 signalling over 8-GHz-bandwidth VCSEL-modulated optical interconnection links (2017)

In this paper, probabilistic shaping for PAM-4 signalling at 56 Gbps is demonstrated for the first time. Experiment is carried out over 8-GHz-bandwidth VCSEL-modulated optical interconnection links with significantly reduced BER due to probabilistic shaping.
Wind Energy (2011)

Wind energy offers significant potential for near-term (2020) and long-term (2050) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. A number of different wind energy technologies are available across a range of applications, but the primary use of wind energy of relevance to climate change mitigation is to generate electricity from larger, grid-connected wind turbines, deployed either on- or offshore. Focusing on these technologies, the wind power capacity installed by the end of 2009 was capable of meeting roughly 1.8% of worldwide electricity demand, and that contribution could grow to in excess of 20% by 2050 if ambitious efforts are made to reduce GHG emissions and to address the other impediments to increased wind energy deployment. Onshore wind energy is already being deployed at a rapid pace in many countries, and no insurmountable technical barriers exist that preclude increased levels of wind energy penetration into electricity supply systems. Moreover, though average wind speeds vary considerably by location, ample technical potential exists in most regions of the world to enable significant wind energy deployment. In some areas with good wind resources, the cost of wind energy is already competitive with current energy market prices, even without considering relative environmental impacts. Nonetheless, in most regions of the world, policy measures are still required to ensure rapid deployment. Continued advances in on- and offshore wind energy technology are expected, however, further reducing the cost of wind energy and improving wind energy's GHG emissions reduction potential.
Detection of Cortical Oscillations Induced by SCS Using Power Spectral Density (2007)

Chronic, intractable pain of lower back and lower extremity might develop as the result of unsuccessful surgery of back. This state called failed-back surgery syndrome (FBSS) cannot be effectively treated by pharmacotherapy. Electric stimulation of the dorsal spinal cord is applied to relieve the pain. According to the medical hypothesis, oscillatory activity, which might be related to the analgesic effects, may occur in the cortex during the stimulation. To confirm the presence of the SCS induced oscillations, a new method of detection was designed for this purpose. The analysis of EEG data was performed using power spectral density, confidence intervals, visualization and group statistic for its verification. Parameters of the method were experimentally optimized to maximize its reliability. During ongoing SCS, statistically significant changes were detected and localized at the stimulation frequency and/or its subharmonic or upper harmonic over central midline electrodes in eight patients.
A METHOD OF TACKLING SOME SEISMIC PROBLEMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS * (1967)

ABSTRACT The theory is explained and practical applications are shown for a numerical procedure in seismology. Particularly the problems concerning the generation of waves under the action of external pressures, and their propagation, in non‐homogeneous, both elastic and absorbing media, have been carried out. These problems have been assumed mono‐dimensional and refer to plane and spherical waves. The procedure is based on the solution, by means of series, of the wave differential equation, non‐homogeneous, and with non‐constant coefficients. It is a direct numerical method whose advantage is, mainly, the possibility of tackling, without great difficulties, problems regarding non‐homogeneous elastic and absorbing media. On the contrary the methods which require the theoretical expression of the solutions by means of formulae, generally, present conceptual and numerical difficulties. As examples of application of this procedure, the following cases have been carried out by means of numerical calculations. a) Propagation of a wave, initially of symmetrical shape, in a viscoelastic medium; from the results it appears that the wave propagates without losing its symmetry, i.e. without sensible dispersion. A theoretical analysis has been carried out to justify this result, showing that the dispersion in viscoelastic media is noticeable only for relatively high frequencies. It seems that the practical absence of dispersion in field experiments do not exclude necessarily the viscoelastic character of absorption. b) Generation of plane waves under the effect of a uniform pressure distributed on the plane surface of a medium. The way the length and the shape of the generated wave depends not only on the type of pressure acting on the surface but also on the near surface impedance variations has been studied. c) Generation of a spherical wave under the action of a pressure in a spherical hole. The examples treated show how the length and shape of the wave depends on the radius of the hole. Particularly the frequencies of the wave spectrum are proportional to this radius, for a given type of pressure acting in the hole. The characteristics of this procedure would also permit the study of media for which the stress‐strain relations are not univocal and linear (non linear absorption). This study, interesting for the wave propagation in rocks, is worth while to be carried out in a special paper.
Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations (2018)

Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.
A fully integrated 0.13 μm CMOS 10 Gb Ethernet transceiver with XAUI interface (2004)

A 10 Gb Ethernet transceiver chip integrated with 10 Gb/s serial and quad 3.125 Gb/s XAUI interfaces is implemented in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS and dissipates 898 mW from 1.2 V. A digital coarse control algorithm for VCOs reduced the VCO gains for noise immunity. A blind oversampling technique enabled synthesis of the XAUI interface.
Budget Impact Analysis of Eliglustat for the Treatment of Gaucher Disease Type 1 in the United States (2018)

This study was sponsored by Sanofi Genzyme. Evidera received funding from Sanofi Genzyme to conduct this study and prepare the manuscript. The sponsor collaborated on the study design, analysis, interpretation of results, and writing of the manuscript. Nalysnyk is an employee of and shareholder in Sanofi Genzyme. Ward, Cele, and Uyei are employees of Evidera, which provides consulting and other research services to biopharmaceutical companies. Sugarman was also an Evidera employee when the study was being conducted and the manuscript written. This study was presented as a poster at the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy Nexus 2016, October 3-6, 2016; National City, MD, and at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 22nd Annual International Meeting; May 20-24, 2017; Boston, MA.
Modification of Natural Rubber by Grafting with Hydrophilic Vinyl Monomers (2005)

Abstract Summary: The grafting of two hydrophilic vinyl monomers, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), onto natural rubber latex was carried out by emulsion polymerization using redox initiation. The effects of the redox initiator concentration and type (cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine, CHP/TEPA; tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine, t ‐BHP/TEPA; potassium persulfate/potassium metabisulfite, K 2 S 2 O 8 /K 2 S 2 O 5 ), the monomer concentration and the reaction temperature on the conversion, the grafting efficiency, the water absorption and the contact angles of the grafted copolymers films, and the colloidal stability of the latexes at low pH, were investigated. Infrared spectroscopic analysis confirmed that DMAEA and DMAEMA were grafted onto the natural rubber particles. The hairy layer structure of NR‐ g ‐poly(DMAEMA) latex particles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy using positive and negative stainings with OsO 4 and phosphotungstic acid, respectively. TEM micrograph of NR‐ g ‐poly(DMAEMA) latex particles stained with 2% OsO 4 . magnified image TEM micrograph of NR‐ g ‐poly(DMAEMA) latex particles stained with 2% OsO 4 .
<i>Schizostachyum diaoluoshanense</i> sp. nov. (Poaceae–Bambusoideae) from Hainan, China (2008)

A new species Schizostachyum diaoluoshanense N. H. Xia, L. L. Zhang et R. S. Lin sp. nov. (Poaceae–Bambusoideae) is described and illustrated from Diaoluo Shan, Hainan, China. The new species is closely related to S. pseudolima , but differs by shorter internodes, florets 1–4, palea apex of fertile florets equally 2‐keeled, and keels up to 2 mm long. A key to the new species and its allies is provided.
Microwave power generated by a spin-torque oscillator in the presence of noise (2007)

An expression for the microwave power generated by a spin-torque oscillator in the presence of thermal noise is derived. This expression, when used in a subcritical (I&lt;Ith) regime, demonstrates that generated power is determined by the noise level and provides a simple way to experimentally determine the threshold current Ith for microwave generation. The same expression gives a good quantitative description of the experimentally measured dependence of the generated power on the bias current p(I) in a moderate supercritical (Ith&lt;I&lt;1.5Ith) range of bias current variation.
40Gb/s CMOS distributed amplifier for fiber-optic communication systems (2004)

This paper describes a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS distributed amplifier with optimized source degeneration which achieves a 4 dB gain and 39 GHz bandwidth within 1 dB gain variation.
Fly-TILL: Reverse genetics using a living point mutation resource (2008)

Mutagenesis with ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) has been the standard for traditional genetic screens, and in recent years has been applied to reverse genetics. However, reverse-genetic strategies require maintaining a viable germline library so that mutations that are discovered can subsequently be recovered. In applying our TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) method to establish a Drosophila reverse-genetic service (Fly-TILL), we chose to screen the Zuker lines, a large collection of EMS-mutagenized second- and third-chromosome balanced lines that had been established for forward-genetic screening. For the past four years, our Fly-TILL service has screened this collection to provide approximately 150 allelic series of point mutations for the fly community. Our analysis of >2000 point mutations and indels have provided a glimpse into the population dynamics of this valuable genetic resource. We found evidence for selection and differential recovery of mutations, depending on distance from balancer breakpoints. Although this process led to variable mutational densities, we have nevertheless been able to deliver potentially valuable mutations in genes selected by Fly-TILL users. We anticipate that our findings will help guide the future implementation of point-mutation resources for the Drosophila community.
Identification of Regulatory and Catalytic Domains in the Apoptosis Nuclease DFF40/CAD (1999)

The DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is composed of two subunits, the 40-kDa caspase-3-activated nuclease (DFF40/CAD) and its 45-kDa inhibitor (DFF45/ICAD). During apoptosis, DFF-40/CAD is activated by caspase-3-mediated cleavage of DFF45/ICAD. Mutational analysis of DFF40/CAD revealed that DFF40/CAD is composed of a C-terminal catalytic domain and an N-terminal regulatory domain. Deletion of the catalytic domain (residues 290-345) abrogated the caspase-3-induced nuclease activity of DFF40/CAD but not its ability to interact with DFF45/ICAD. Conversely, removal of the regulatory domain (residues 1-83) yielded a constitutively active DFF40/CAD nuclease that neither bound to its inhibitor nor required caspase-3 for activation. Amino acid alignment revealed that the regulatory domain of DFF40/CAD has homology to the N-terminal region of mammalian and Drosophila DFF45/ICAD and CIDE-N, a regulatory domain previously identified in pro-apoptotic CIDE proteins. Mutational analysis of the N-terminal region revealed mutants with diminished nuclease activity but with intact ability to bind DFF45/ICAD. Thus, CIDE-N represents a new type of domain that is associated with the regulation of the apoptosis/DNA fragmentation pathway.
A microcomputer‐based high‐speed data‐acquisitionsystem for a stopped‐flowspectrophotometer: PDP‐11 architectureinterfaced to a commercial instrument (1983)

Increasing numbers of scientists are recognizing the importance of computer control and acquisition of the large amounts of experimental data generated by modern laboratory instruments. Continued development and refinement of minicomputers and microprocessors have resulted in reductions in their cost and size, in addition to substantially higher performance. Reasonably priced computer systems mean that on-line acquisition and processing of data from different instruments is economic for many laboratories.
On the modeling of electromagnetically coupled microstrip antennas--The printed strip dipole (1984)

A generalized solution for a class of printed circuit antennas excited by a strip transmission line is presented. The strip transmission line may be embedded inside or printed on the substrate. As an example, microstrip dipoles electromagnetically coupled (Parasitically excited) to embedded strip transmission line have been analyzed accurately, and design graphs are provided for a specific substrate material. These graphs permit the establishment of a design procedure which yields the microstrip dipole length, overlap, offset, and substrate thickness with the goal of a desired input match for a given substrate material. The method accounts for conductor thickness and for arbitrary substrate parameter. Comparison with experiment shows excellent agreement.
Optical and nonlinear optical properties of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-acetamidonitrobenzene single crystals (1989)

A method of growing high quality 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-acetamidonitrobenzene (DAN) single crystals is presented. Crystal plates with dimensions of up to 10×5×2 mm3 were produced and optically characterized. The transparency region extends from 485 to 2270 nm. Large birefringence and strong dispersion of the refractive indices were measured allowing two branches of type I and two of type II phase-matched second-harmonic generation. From effective second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities measured along the branches all nonlinear susceptibilities were evaluated, the highest being d23 =(50±15) pm/V.
[L-tyrosine: a long term treatment of Parkinson's disease]. (1989)

That l-dopa represents a major advance in Parkinson treatment should not hide that a number of problems remain unanswered: on-off effects, transient improvements... Based on the beneficial effects of l-tyrosine in dopamine dependent depressions and narcolepsy, five naive patients diagnosed after sleep polygraphy criteria and five l-dopa and/or dopamine agonist treated patients were prescribed l-tyrosine as a long-term treatment. For some patients, 3 years of L-tyrosine treatment was followed by better clinical results and many fewer side effects than with L-DOPA or dopamine agonists. However, the theoretical long-term sparing neurons potentiality of approach requires further studies.
Clonal analysis of the actions of the murine leukemia inhibitory factor on leukemic and normal murine hemopoietic cells. (1988)

The in vitro actions of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) purified from Krebs tumor conditioned medium, were analyzed on murine leukemic M1 and WEHI-3B D+ cells and on normal hemopoietic progenitor cells. LIF has no observable effects on WEHI-3B D+ cells but rapidly induced macrophage differentiation and loss of clonogenicity in M1 cells, resulting in the formation of abortive clones or differentiating colonies of reduced size and number. These effects were observable within one to two cell divisions in the presence of LIF and were irreversible. Addition of macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (CSF) but not granulocyte/macrophage-CSF, granulocyte-CSF, or multi-CSF reduced the LIF-induced suppression of colony numbers and size. G-CSF had a slower differentiation-inducing action on M1 cells than LIF but potentiated the differentiation-inducing effects of low concentrations of LIF. LIF had no colony-stimulating activity for normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and did not alter their quantitative responsiveness to CSF. However, culture of normal progenitor cells in the presence of LIF, but initial absence of CSF, reduced the survival of these cells. The differing actions of LIF and G-CSF on M1 leukemic cells suggest the existence of distinct mechanisms for inducing macrophage differentiation in these leukemic cells.