gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical conductivity of nickel oxide-magnesium oxide single crystals (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrical conductivity of nickel oxide-magnesium oxide single crystalsJae Shi Choi, Hoo Young Lee, and Keu Hong KimCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 20, 2430–2433Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100639a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100639a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Morphometrical Analysis of the Peripheral Nerve Lesions in Experimental Diabetes Rats (1979)

Morphometrical analysis of the peripheral nerve lesions in experimental diabetes rats was undertaken to elucidate their relationship to glucose intolerance and nerve conduction velocity. Motor nerve conduction velocity of the rat's tail and nerve fiber density in the cross sectional view of the peroneal nerves significantly reduced in the diabetes rats without insulin treatment. With the teased nerve fiber methods, degenerated nerve fibers frequently appeared and shortening of internodal length was estimated in the diabetes rats by quantification. The slowing of nerve conduction, blood glucose levels on the oral glucose tolerance test and the incidence of degenerated nerve fibers were well correlated with one another. Daily insulin treatment caused a significant decrease in degenerated nerve fibers in the diabetes rats. The reduction of nerve fiber density was also related to glucose intolerance. However, there was neither the relationship between nerve fiber density and incidence of degenerated nerve fibers, nor the relationship between nerve fiber density and nerve conduction velocity.
Defect-free shallow P/N junction by point defect engineering (1992)

By taking advantage of high-stress SiN/sub x/ film as a source of vacancies, a defect-free shallow junction technology was developed by point defect engineering. By depositing the SiN/sub x/ film with high stress (1*10/sup 10/ dyn/cm/sup 2/) and annealing the sample, the vacancies were supplied from the SiN/sub x/-Si interface into the Si substrate to relax the stress of the SiN/sub x/ film and react with the extrinsic defect due to implantation. The density of the defects was then one order of magnitude lower than the sample without the SiN/sub x/ film. This technology is also useful for reducing the diffusion of dopant, which is controlled by the interstitial Si atoms. It was confirmed that the dopant profile of B+ was also shallower by about 10%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lymphocytic infiltration in the cutaneous lymphoma microenvironment after injection of TG1042 (2013)

The phase I step (TG1042.01) does not have a registration number. The phase II step (TG1042.06) registration number was NCT00394693.
Impact of Simultaneous ETBE and Ethanol Addition on Motor Gasoline Properties (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This study examines the impact of ETBE and ethanol addition on the main properties of motor gasoline. European Union mandates the use of biofuels in all transport fuels, according to the 2003/30/EC Directive. The addition of ethanol, a known octane enhancing component, in small proportions significantly increases the vapor pressure of the final gasoline, exceeding the maximum specification limits. ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) is on the other hand an excellent but expensive octane enhancing component with beneficial impact on vapor pressure of the final gasoline. This paper examines the ability of ETBE to act as a stabilizer in gasoline - ethanol blends. Two gasoline samples with different chemical compositions and characteristics were prepared by blending basic refinery components. In each sample, ETBE was added in concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 % V/V respectively. In each of these ETBE - gasoline blends, ethanol was added in concentrations from 1 to 6 % V/V in 1% steps. The properties measured were composition, density, distillation characteristics, vapor pressure and octane numbers (RON and MON). In all cases, the addition of ETBE and ethanol had positive effect on octane numbers. The vapor pressure was increased due to ethanol addition, but the blends with ETBE had lower vapor pressures compared to the blends without ETBE. The higher the ETBE concentration, the lower the increase in vapor pressure of the final blend (0.4 to 2.7 kPa, depending on ETBE and ethanol content). Therefore, the use of ETBE as stabilizer can contribute to the introduction of bioethanol in motor gasoline, especially in the warmer EU countries of the Mediterranean Region.</div>
A Web Page Segmentation Method based on Page Layouts and Title Blocks (2011)

Summary In this work, we describe a new Web page segmentation method to extract the semantic structure from a Web page. A typical Web page consists of multiple elements with different functionalities, such as main content, navigation panels, copyright and privacy notices, and advertisements, and Web page segmentation is the division of the page into visually and semantically cohesive pieces. The proposed method is comprised of three steps. First, it determines the layout template of a Web page by template matching. Second, it divides the page into minimum blocks. Third, it assembles groups of these blocks into Web content blocks. While the minimum blocks can play many roles, in this study we have focused on the those that are the titles of various Web content bits. We used decision tree learning with nine parameters for each minimum block to extract the title blocks from Web pages. Experimental results showed that the decision tree generated by the J48 algorithm is the most suitable for this type of extraction.
Interactions of intense ultraviolet laser radiation with solid aerosols (1990)

Characterizations of the interaction of intense ultraviolet laser radiation (λ=248 nm) with small solid aerosols are presented. Interaction dynamics, velocity measurements of expelled material, and thresholds for plasma formation are presented for aluminum, calcium fluoride, glass, silicon carbide, and tungsten particles. An excimer laser operating with a krypton fluoride gas mixture was used to irradiate small solid aerosol particles (≊5–50 μm) under atmospheric and vacuum conditions down to 10−5 Torr. Focused laser radiation intensities varied from 107 W/cm2 to a maximum of 2×1011 W/cm2. Interactions of the laser radiation with the solid aerosols were recorded in real time by an ultraviolet laser imaging system. Velocities between 250 and 2000 m/s were measured for material ejected from particles undergoing laser interaction. Laser intensity thresholds for visible plasma emission ranged from a maximum of 650 MW/cm2 for aluminum to a minimum of 59 MW/cm2 for tungsten. Thresholds for plasma formation were determined to be relatively independent of ambient pressure.
Effect of switching frequency of soft switched inverter on electric vehicle system (2002)

The electric vehicle (EV) induction motor has smaller resistance and inductance than the general induction motor in order to meet the load requirement of the EV driving system. To improve the quality of the motor phase currents, the switching frequency must be increased which will lower the ripple current into the induction motor. This makes the inverter conduction losses and motor losses decrease, and the DC link capacitance smaller. On the other hand, it makes the inverter switching losses increase. However, increased switching loss can be minimized by soft-switching topologies. This paper shows the effects of the switching frequency and soft-switching topologies on the overall efficiency of the specified EV system with simulation results.
Selectively metropolised Monte Carlo light transport simulation (2019)

Light transport is a complex problem with many solutions. Practitioners are now faced with the difficult task of choosing which rendering algorithm to use for any given scene. Simple Monte Carlo methods, such as path tracing, work well for the majority of lighting scenarios, but introduce excessive variance when they encounter transport they cannot sample (such as caustics). More sophisticated rendering algorithms, such as bidirectional path tracing, handle a larger class of light transport robustly, but have a high computational overhead that makes them inefficient for scenes that are not dominated by difficult transport. The underlying problem is that rendering algorithms can only be executed indiscriminately on all transport, even though they may only offer improvement for a subset of paths. In this paper, we introduce a new scheme for selectively combining different Monte Carlo rendering algorithms. We use a simple transport method (e.g. path tracing) as the base, and treat high variance "fireflies" as seeds for a Markov chain that locally uses a Metropolised version of a more sophisticated transport method for exploration, removing the firefly in an unbiased manner. We use a weighting scheme inspired by multiple importance sampling to partition the integrand into regions the base method can sample well and those it cannot, and only use Metropolis for the latter. This constrains the Markov chain to paths where it offers improvement, and keeps it away from regions already handled well by the base estimator. Combined with stratified initialization, short chain lengths and careful allocation of samples, this vastly reduces non-uniform noise and temporal flickering artifacts normally encountered with a global application of Metropolis methods. Through careful design choices, we ensure our algorithm never performs much worse than the base estimator alone, and usually performs significantly better, thereby reducing the need to experiment with different algorithms for each scene.
Michael Additions of Highly Basic Enolates to<i>ortho</i>-Quinone Methides (2015)

A protocol by which ketone or ester enolates and ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs) are generated in situ in a single reaction flask from silylated precursors under the action of anhydrous fluoride is reported. The reaction partners are joined to give a variety of β-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-carbonyl compounds in 32-94% yield in a single laboratory operation. The intermediacy of o-QMs is supported by control experiments utilizing enolate precursors and conventional alkyl halides as competitive alkylating agents and the isolation of 1,5-dicarbonyl products resulting from conjugate additions that do not restore the aromatic system.
Fullerene-related structure of commercial glassy carbons (2004)

Glassy carbon is a technologically important material widely used in products such as electrodes and high-temperature crucibles. However, the properties which make glassy carbon so valuable in these applications are poorly understood, since its detailed atomic structure is not known. A model for the structure of glassy carbon put forward many years ago has gained wide acceptance, but appears to suffer from serious shortcomings. In particular, it fails to account for the chemical inertness of the carbon, and for its high proportion of closed porosity. Here I show, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, that glassy carbons obtained from commercial suppliers contain a high proportion of fullerene-related structures. On the basis of these observations, models are put forward for the structures of ‘low-temperature’ and ‘high-temperature’ glassy carbons which incorporate non-six-membered rings.
Interaction of recombinant Tetrahymena telomerase proteins p80 and p95 with telomerase RNA and telomeric DNA substrates (1998)

Telomerase is a specialized reverse transcriptase that catalyzes telomeric repeat addition at the ends of existing telomeres or fragmented chromosomes. Two telomerase proteins from Tetrahymena thermophila, p80 and p95, were identified on the basis of their association with telomerase activity and telomerase RNA. Here we have produced recombinant versions of these proteins to characterize their functions in the ribonucleoprotein. Our findings indicate that the two proteins can form a complex whose association is independent of RNA. Each protein interacts directly with telomerase RNA, but the p80/p95 complex binds RNA with an affinity substantially greater than either protein alone. We have also characterized the DNA binding properties of p95 and show that it interacts with telomeric substrate DNAs with a specificity characteristic of the functionally defined Tetrahymena telomerase substrate anchor site. Together, these findings suggest a model in which protein-nucleic acid interactions separable from the active site contribute to positioning the template and primer, rather than exclusively the direct nucleic acid-active site interaction typical of other polymerases.
Using genetic search to exploit the emergent behavior of neural networks (1991)

Abstract Neural networks are known to exhibit emergent behaviors, but it is often far from easy to exploit these properties for desired ends such as effective machine learning. We demonstrate that a genetic algorithm is capable of discovering how to exploit the abilities of one type of network learning, backpropagation in feedforward networks. Our results show that a network architecture evolved by the genetic algorithm performs better than a large network using backpropagation learning alone when the criterion is correct generalization from a set of examples. This is potentially a powerful method for design of neural networks-design by evolution.
Enhancement of Arginine-induced Insulin Secretion in Man by Prior Administration of Glucose (1971)

Various sequential combinations of 20 gm. of glucose and 20 gm. of arginine were given as separate, twenty-minute infusions with a thirty-minute rest interval between infusions, to six nonobese, nondiabetic subjects. The sequence of glucose preceding arginine significantly enhanced the serum immunoreactive insulin response to this amino acid. Other sequences of glucose and arginine did not result in enhancement. The effect of a separate infusion of glucose preceding arginine was quantitatively similar to enhancement of insulin secretion by glucose (20 gm.) and arginine (20 gm.) infused simultaneously over twenty minutes. The response to arginine after glucose, however, resulted in earlier peak insulin levels than did the simultaneous glucose-arginine infusion. These results imply a difference in the insulin-releasing mechanisms of arginine and glucose. It is suggested that certain time-dependent reactions, as well as a prior elevation of blood glucose are required for the enhancing influence of glucose on arginine-induced insulin secretion.
Multicomponent T<sub>2</sub> relaxation analysis in cartilage (2009)

MR techniques are sensitive to the early stages of osteoarthritis, characterized by disruption of collagen and loss of proteoglycan (PG), but are of limited specificity. Here, water compartments in normal and trypsin-degraded bovine nasal cartilage were identified using a nonnegative least squares multiexponential analysis of T(2) relaxation. Three components were detected: T(2,1)=2.3 ms, T(2,2)=25.2 ms, and T(2,3)=96.3 ms, with fractions w(1)=6.2%, w(2)=14.5%, and w(3)=79.3%, respectively. Trypsinization resulted in increased (P<0.01) values of T(2,2)=64.2 ms and T(2,3)=149.4 ms, supporting their assignment to water compartments that are bound and loosely associated with PG, respectively. The T(2) of the rapidly relaxing component was not altered by digestion, supporting assignment to relatively immobile collagen-bound water. Relaxation data were simulated for a range of TE, number of echoes, and SNR to guide selection of acquisition parameters and assess the accuracy and precision of experimental results. Based on this, the expected experimental accuracy of measured T(2)s and associated weights was within 2% and 4% respectively, with precision within 1% and 3%. These results demonstrate the potential of multiexponential T(2) analysis to increase the specificity of MR characterization of cartilage.
Subspace Leaky LMS (2004)

The least mean squared (LMS) adaptive filtering algorithm may experience uncontrolled parameter drift when its input signal is not persistently exciting, leading to serious consequences when implemented with finite word-length. Though so-called "tap-leakage" modifications of LMS have been proposed to mitigate this drift, they inevitably introduce parameter bias which degrades mean-squared error performance. In this letter, we propose a novel algorithm which leaks only in the unexcited modes, thus introducing insignificant bias, while still retaining the low computational complexity of LMS.
Web-based survey on the effect of menopause on women's libido in a computer-literate population (2009)

An active sex life was deemed to be important but many women were not seeking help for menopause-related reduced libido causing distress. For many, vaginal changes contributed to their symptoms. In those seeking advice, treatment was commonly not prescribed. Health professionals must ask appropriate direct questions to all women, especially as part of menopausal assessment. A need for the B-PFSF to be validated in non-postmenopausal women was also indicated.
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Features of Melanocytic Lesions (2009)

High overall levels of reproducibility were shown for most of the evaluated features. In both the training and test sets there was a parallel trend of decreasing kappa values as deeper anatomic skin levels were evaluated. All of the features, except 1, used for melanoma diagnosis, including roundish pagetoid cells, nonedged papillae, atypical cells in basal layer, cerebriform clusters, and nucleated cells infiltrating dermal papillae, showed high overall levels of reproducibility. However, less-than-ideal reproducibility was obtained for some descriptors, such as grainy appearance of the epidermis, junctional thickening, mild atypia in basal layer, plump bright cells, small bright cells, and reticulated fibers in the dermis. Conclusion The standard consensus confocal terminology useful for the evaluation of melanocytic lesions was reproducibly recognized by independent observers.
In vivo tracking of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells in an Alzheimer’s animal model (2018)

These results suggest that more intravenously infused BMSCs reached the brain in the AD model than in the control group, but the numbers of stem cells reaching the brain was very small.
Characterization of Linearly Graded Position-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers (2015)

In this paper, we present the characterization of a novel 4 mm × 4 mm position-sensitive silicon photomultiplier, called linearly-graded SiPM (LG-SiPM). The 2D position encoding is obtained through a charge sharing approach, implemented by means of a current divider directly integrated on die. The microcells of the detectors have a size of 45 μm × 45 μm and are fabricated with the FBK RGB (Red Green Blue) technology, modified with the addition of a second metal interconnection layer and a second quenching resistor in every cell, required by the encoding architecture. We verified that the LG-SiPM scheme does not alter the signal temporal shape, when illuminating the detector in different positions. We performed a XY scan with light spots of 1 mm diameter and spaced by 0.25 mm, showing that the reconstructed positions are easily separated. No visible pincushion distortion was present. We measured the energy resolution and the encoding capability in PET-like and in SPECT-like conditions using pixelated LYSO and CsI(Tl) crystal arrays (with 0.8 and 1 mm pitch, respectively), irradiating them with 511 keV and 122 keV photons, respectively. In both cases, we were able to clearly distinguish the scintillator pixels.
New Research Progress of Mikania micrantha H.B.K (2011)

Mikania micrantha H.B.K is one of aggressive weeds,which is most paid close attention.According to its great invasibility,wide ecological amplitude and allelopathy,it can hold the niche quickly,make the native species die as well.Biological character,ecological character,hypothesis of invasion and control technique used at present are summarized.
Counteracting Catalyst Deactivation in Methane Aromatization with a Two Zone Fluidized Bed Reactor (2009)

Methane aromatization is a promising alternative for the transformation of natural gas to liquid products but suffers the problem of a fast catalyst deactivation. The use of a two zone fluidized bed reactor (TZFBR) has been studied as a method to counteract this problem. In this reactor, two zones are created in a fluid bed by feeding the hydrocarbon at an intermediate point and a regenerating gas to the bottom of the reactor. A suitable catalyst for operation in the fluid bed has been developed. The results show that the TZFBR provides stable operation, thanks to the in situ regeneration of the catalyst in the lower part of the reactor. Three regenerating agents have been tested: oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. Steady state operation has been achieved with all of them, but the best selectivity to aromatic products (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) was obtained with carbon dioxide. A significant effect of the reactor shape was also observed. The conversion and selectivity achieved with this reactor appear among the best values reported in the literature, with the advantage of being obtained at a steady state.
Sensors and actuators for combustion control (2004)

This paper addresses an experimental investigation of a combustion system using a backward step configuration, with the goal of understanding combustion instability and its control. In order to carry out a systematic study of the various subcomponents of the combustion dynamics including hydrodynamics and heat-release, various sensors and actuators have been included in this setup that provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms, which are discussed in this paper. A preliminary model using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and a model-based controller using the adaptive posi-cast strategy are presented. The model and the control design are verified using an air-flow injector in the step combustor at Re=6300 and an equivalence ratio of 0.85 and are shown to result in a 7.5 dB pressure reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID ESTERS. 2. SYNTHESIS, BRAIN UPTAKE, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LIPID ESTERS OF Γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (1985)

Abstract Dargestellt und radioaktiv markiert werden die Verbindungen (IV), (V) und (VII).