gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seeing double (2013)

Of late, threats enabled by the ubiquitous use of mobile devices have drawn much interest from the research community. However, prior threats all suffer from a similar, and profound, weakness - namely the requirement that the adversary is either within visual range of the victim (e.g., to ensure that the pop-out events in reflections in the victim's sunglasses can be discerned) or is close enough to the target to avoid the use of expensive telescopes. In this paper, we broaden the scope of the attacks by relaxing these requirements and show that breaches of privacy are possible even when the adversary is around a corner. The approach we take overcomes challenges posed by low image resolution by extending computer vision methods to operate on small, high-noise, images. Moreover, our work is applicable to all types of keyboards because of a novel application of fingertip motion analysis for key-press detection. In doing so, we are also able to exploit reflections in the eyeball of the user or even repeated reflections (i.e., a reflection of a reflection of the mobile device in the eyeball of the user). Our empirical results show that we can perform these attacks with high accuracy, and can do so in scenarios that aptly demonstrate the realism of this threat.
Synthesis of Indolo[1,2‐b]indazole Derivatives. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of <i>In Vitro</i> Transcorneal Approach of Aceclofenac Eye Drops through Excised Goat, Sheep, and Buffalo Corneas (2015)

The current study involves the evaluation of factors that influence the transcorneal permeation of aqueous drops of aceclofenac ophthalmic formulation through freshly excised goat, sheep, and buffalo corneas. Aceclofenac formulation with different concentrations 0.1-0.5% (w/v) and with different pH and different preservatives, was taken into account. The amount of drug permeated from different formulations was estimated using an Franz diffusion cell. A linear increase in drug permeation was observed with increase in pH (5.5 to 7.4). The apparent permeability coefficient was found to be maximum 15.01 ± 0.45 on goat cornea and maximum transport of aceclofenac was observed at physiological pH of tears (i.e., 7). The results advocate that aceclofenac 0.5% (w/v) ophthalmic solution (pH 7.0) containing BAK (0.01%) provides maximum in vitro ocular permeability through goat, sheep, and buffalo corneas.
Interpreting the Language of Environmental Sounds (1987)

Comparisons are made between the perception of environmental sound and the perception of speech. With both, two types of processing are involved, bottom-up and top-down, and with both, the detailed form of the processing is, in several respects, similar. Recognition of isolated speech and environmental sounds produces similar patterns of semantic interpretations. Environmental sound "homonyms" are ambiguous in much the same manner as speech homonyms. Environmental sounds become integrated on the basis of cognitive processes similar to those used to perceive speech. The general conclusion is that environmental sound is usefully thought of as a form of language.
Gerhart Hauptmann (2017)

Kurzzeitige Studien in Breslau, Dresden und Berlin; Kontakte zu naturalistischen Kreisen um W. Bölsche, M. Kretzer, Heinrich und Julius Hart; verfasste nach dem spektakulären Theatererfolg und -skandal mit Vor Sonnenaufgang (1889) in rascher Folge eine große Anzahl von sozialkritischen Stücken und Komödien, auch Erzählungen; Welterfolg mit Die Weber (1892); 1912 Nobelpreis; 1914 publizistische Kriegsbegeisterung, nach 1918 Engagement für die Demokratie; im März 1933 Loyalitätserklärung für den Nationalsozialismus, private Distanz zum Faschismus; 1945/46 Ehrungen durch sowjetische Militärkreise und kommunistische Kulturfunktionäre, u. a. Johannes R. Becher.
Targeted Contrast Agent Helps to Monitor Advanced Plaque During Progression: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Rabbits (2007)

This preliminary study in rabbits indicated that Gadofluorine M provides specific enhancements of components associated with advanced atherosclerotic plaques and may help to monitor the progression of the plaque in a rabbit model of atherogenesis.
Nocturnal Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Reduces Cortisol-Awakening Response and Morning Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Healthy Volunteers (2019)

GHB has post-acute effects on peripheral biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disorders, which might be a model to explain some of its therapeutic effects in disorders involving neuro-immunological pathologies. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02342366.
The Networked Semantic Desktop. (2004)

We present our vision of a new group collaboration infrastructure, the Networked Semantic Desktop, drawing from co-evolving research in the Semantic Web, Peer-toPeer (P2P) Networks, and Online Social Networking.
An efficient multidimensional/multidirectional parallel pipelined architecture for image processing (1991)

The architecture of a multidimensional and multidirectional parallel pipeline system is presented. It is based on the concept of algorithm-to-architecture mapping whereby different stages of the pipeline can be dynamically reconfigured to suit different task divisions in terms of processing power or memory required. The system has a high degree of fault tolerance provided by the multiple interconnection links among the processing elements within each stage and between different stages. An 8-PEs prototype version of the system has been built and tested under various configurations of pipeline stages. A combination of various algorithms have been implemented on the system and predicted results are obtained. >
ChemInform Abstract: SOAP‐BASED DETERGENT FORMULATIONS‐ XII. ALTERNATE SYNTHESES OF SURFACE ACTIVE E SULFOBETAINES (1976)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von 3‐Chlor‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propansulfonat mit verschiedenen Fettsäuren und Aminoderivaten entstehen 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐sulfopropyl‐ Verbindungen mit oberflächenaktiver Wirkung.
Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties (2007)

The strength of weak ties is that they tend to be long—they connect socially distant locations, allowing information to diffuse rapidly. The authors test whether this "strength of weak ties" generalizes from simple to complex contagions. Complex contagions require social affirmation from multiple sources. Examples include the spread of high‐risk social movements, avant garde fashions, and unproven technologies. Results show that as adoption thresholds increase, long ties can impede diffusion. Complex contagions depend primarily on the width of the bridges across a network, not just their length. Wide bridges are a characteristic feature of many spatial networks, which may account in part for the widely observed tendency for social movements to diffuse spatially.
Learning motion manifolds with convolutional autoencoders (2015)

We present a technique for learning a manifold of human motion data using Convolutional Autoencoders. Our approach is capable of learning a manifold on the complete CMU database of human motion. This manifold can be treated as a prior probability distribution over human motion data, which has many applications in animation research, including projecting invalid or corrupt motion onto the manifold for removing error, computing similarity between motions using geodesic distance along the manifold, and interpolation of motion along the manifold for avoiding blending artefacts.
Development of High-Sensitivity Ion Trap Ion Mobility Spectrometry Time-of-Flight Techniques:  A High-Throughput Nano-LC-IMS-TOF Separation of Peptides Arising from a <i>Drosophila</i> Protein Extract (2003)

A linear octopole trap interface for an ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been developed for focusing and accumulating continuous beams of ions produced by electrospray ionization. The interface improves experimental efficiencies by factors of approximately 50-200 compared with an analogous configuration that utilizes a three-dimensional Paul geometry trap (Hoaglund-Hyzer, C. S.; Lee, Y. J.; Counterman, A. E.; Clemmer, D. E. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 992-1006). With these improvements, it is possible to record nested drift (flight) time distributions for complex mixtures in fractions of a second. We demonstrate the approach for several well-defined peptide mixtures and an assessment of the detection limits is given. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of the approach in the field of proteomics by an on-line, three-dimensional nano-LC-ion mobility-TOF separation of tryptic peptides from the Drosophila proteome.
Identification of a bone marrow–derived epithelial-like population capable of repopulating injured mouse airway epithelium (2009)

The bone marrow compartment is enriched in stem and progenitor cells, and an unidentified subpopulation of these cells can contribute to lung epithelial repair. Here we identify this subpopulation and quantitate its relative contribution to injured airway epithelium. A subpopulation of adherent human and murine bone marrow cells that expresses Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) was identified using flow cytometry. When cultured at the air-liquid interface in ex vivo cultures, Ccsp+ cells expressed type I and type II alveolar markers as well as basal cell markers and active epithelial sodium channels. Ccsp+ cells preferentially homed to naphthalene-damaged airways when delivered transtracheally or intravenously, with the former being more efficient than the latter. Interestingly, naphthalene-induced lung damage transiently increased Ccsp expression in bone marrow and peripheral circulation. Furthermore, lethally irradiated Ccsp-null mice that received tagged wild-type bone marrow contained donor-derived epithelium in both normal and naphthalene-damaged airways. This study therefore identifies what we believe to be a newly discovered cell in the bone marrow that might have airway reconstitution potential in the context of cell-based therapies for lung disease. Additionally, these data could reconcile previous controversies regarding the contribution of bone marrow to lung regeneration.
Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on the Brain Lipofuscin Content and Emotional Behavior in Aged Rats (1988)

The effects of long-term dosing with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) were examined in aged rats, and they were compared with those in young rats. ALC significantly reduced the lipofuscin deposition in the brain of aged rats. Emotional parameters such as locomotor activity and rearing behavior are lower in aged rats than in young rats, and these behaviors decreased in both age groups during the experiments. ALC diminished the decrease of these emotional behaviors, especially in rearing behavior in the aged rats. Furthermore, ALC had no effect on body weight gain. These results might reflect one of the main beneficial pharmacological mechanisms of ALC in clinical use.
Inhibition of the Met Receptor in Mesothelioma (2005)

Taken together, these findings suggest that inhibition of the Met receptor may be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with MPM and provides a mechanism, the presence of a HGF/Met autocrine loop, by which to select patients for PHA-665752 treatment.
Methods for the Specific Detection and Quantitation of Amyloid-β Oligomers in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2016)

Protein misfolding and aggregation are fundamental features of the majority of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and prion diseases. Proteinaceous deposits in the brain of the patient, e.g., amyloid plaques consisting of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tangles composed of tau protein, are the hallmarks of AD. Soluble oligomers of Aβ and tau play a fundamental role in disease progression, and specific detection and quantification of the respective oligomeric proteins in cerebrospinal fluid may provide presymptomatically detectable biomarkers, paving the way for early diagnosis or even prognosis. Several studies on the development of techniques for the specific detection of Aβ oligomers were published, but some of the existing tools do not yet seem to be satisfactory, and the study results are contradicting. The detection of oligomers is challenging due to their polymorphous and unstable nature, their low concentration, and the presence of competing proteins and Aβ monomers in body fluids. Here, we present an overview of the current state of the development of methods for Aβ oligomer specific detection and quantitation. The methods are divided in the three subgroups: (i) enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), (ii) methods for single oligomer detection, and (iii) others, which are mainly biosensor based methods.
Scope and Limitations of Pd<sub>2</sub>(dba)<sub>3</sub>/P(<i>i</i>-BuNCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N-Catalyzed Buchwald−Hartwig Amination Reactions of Aryl Chlorides (2004)

Proazaphosphatrane ligands in combination with Pd(2)(dba)(3) generate highly active catalysts for Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl chlorides. In particular, commercially available P(i-BuNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N is a highly general and efficient ligand, allowing the coupling of an electronically diverse set of aryl chlorides, including chloropyridines, with a wide variety of amines using 1 mol % of Pd at 100 degrees C. Either a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio of ligand to Pd was found to be effective. This catalyst system performs exceptionally well for sterically hindered substrates, even with only 0.25 mol % of Pd. It is shown that NaOH can also be used as the base (instead of NaO-t-Bu) allowing functionalized substrates to participate in these reactions.
Experimental study of the Zeeman splitting of boron levels in silicon (1975)

The Zeeman effect of the first four photoexcitation lines of boron in silicon has been investigated in crystals with low boron concentration (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{14}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$) and for magnetic fields up to 64 kG with $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}\ensuremath{\perp}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{B}}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}\ensuremath{\parallel}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{B}}$. As many as eleven discrete components have been resolved for line 1 for ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{B}}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}〈100〉$. No quadratic shift is observed for lines 1 and 2, but a small interaction is found between the excited sublevels of line 3 and other excited sublevels. Line 4 exhibits a characteristic upwards shift which can be fitted for most components to a quadratic law. By comparison with behavior of boron in germanium, it is found that the observed splitting is mainly due to the splitting of the ground state, which is about twice that of the excited states and this accounts for the thermalization effect observed at high fields. The results can be explained by assuming for the excited states of lines 1 and 2 the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ symmetry as deduced from piezospectroscopic measurements. The symmetry of the excited state of line 3 cannot be obtained with certainty from our experimental results and the data for line 4 can be partially explained on the basis of a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}+{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ symmetry. With the assumption of a symmetric splitting of the ground state, it has been found that the splitting of the excited states of line 1 is asymmetric and anisotropic, in contrast to the corresponding splitting for line 2. The $g$ factors obtained for the ground state are in qualitative agreement with the experimental determinations by magneto-Raman effect. The results obtained for the excited states of lines 1 and 2 are quantitatively self-consistent with respect to the anisotropy of the $g$ factors and to the selection rules given by Bhattacharjee and Rodriguez. It has also been possible to estimate for line 1 the parameters $u$ and $v$ governing the relative intensities of the allowed transitions. A comparison with theory for line 4 shows its partial breakdown due to the failure to meet the prerequisite for group-theoretical analysis.
Polynomial circuit models for component matching in high-level synthesis (2001)

Design reuse requires engineers to determine whether or not an existing block implements desired functionality. If a common high-level circuit model is used to represent components that are described at multiple levels of abstraction, comparisons between circuit specifications and a library of potential implementations can be performed accurately and quickly. A mechanism is presented for compactly specifying circuit functionality as polynomials at the word level. Polynomials can be used to represent circuits that are described at the bit level or arithmetically. Furthermore, in representing components as polynomials, differences in precision between potential implementations can be detected and quantified. We present a mechanism for constructing polynomial models for combinational and sequential circuits. Furthermore, we derive a means of approximating the functionality of nonpolynomial functions and determining a bound on the error of this approximation. These methods have been implemented in the POLYSYS synthesis tool and used to synthesize a JPEG encode block and infinite impulse response filter from a library of complex elements.
Deflating the dimensionality curse using multiple fractal dimensions (2002)

Nearest neighbor queries are important in many settings, including spatial databases (find the k closet cities) and multimedia databases (find the k most similar images). Previous analyses have concluded that nearest neighbor search is hopeless in high dimensions, due to the notorious "curse of dimensionality". However, their precise analysis over real data sets is still an open problem. The typical and often implicit assumption in previous studies is that the data is uniformly distributed, with independence between attributes. However, real data sets overwhelmingly disobey these assumptions; rather, they typically are skewed and exhibit intrinsic ("fractal") dimensionalities that are much lower than their embedding dimension, e.g., due to subtle dependencies between attributes. We show how the Hausdorff and correlation fractal dimensions of a data set can yield extremely accurate formulas that can predict I/O performance to within one standard deviation. The practical contributions of this work are our accurate formulas which can be used for query optimization in spatial and multimedia databases. The theoretical contribution is the 'deflation' of the dimensionality curse. Our theoretical and empirical results show that previous worst-case analysis of nearest neighbor search in high dimensions are over-pessimistic, to the point of being unrealistic. The performance depends critically on the intrinsic ("fractal") dimensionality as opposed to the embedding dimension that the uniformity assumption incorrectly implies.
Histochemical Demonstration of Interleukin‐2 in Decidua Cells of Patients With Preeclampsia (1995)

IL-2 was clearly present in decidua cells in the preeclamptic setting, suggesting the possible involvement of immune-activation in the phathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Predicting HLA Class II Alloantigen Immunogenicity From the Number and Physiochemical Properties of Amino Acid Polymorphisms (2010)

Background. We have shown previously that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I immunogenicity can be predicted by the number, position, and physiochemical differences of polymorphic amino acids (AAs). We have now modeled the structural and physiochemical polymorphisms of HLA class II alloantigens and correlated these with humoral alloimmunity in sensitized patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Methods. Sera obtained from 30 patients with high levels of IgG HLA-specific antibodies were screened using single-antigen HLA antibody detection beads. A computer program was developed to determine the number of AA mismatches (after interlocus and intralocus subtraction) and their hydrophobicity and electrostatic mismatch score for each mismatched HLA-DR and -DQ specificity. Regression methods were used to compare these variables with the occurrence and magnitude of alloantibody responses. Results. HLA-specific antibody was detected against 879 (55%) of 1604 mismatched HLA specificities evaluated. There was a strong correlation between increasing number of AA mismatches and the occurrence (P<0.001, odds ratio 3.85 per AA) and magnitude of alloantibody responses (P<0.001); only 6% of alloantigens with 0 to 2 mismatched AA-induced alloantibody (median fluorescence intensity 37) compared with 82% of alloantigens with more than or equal to 20 mismatched AAs (median fluorescence intensity 9969). Hydrophobicity and electrostatic mismatch scores also correlated closely with alloantibody response (P<0.001), but neither variable had independent predictive value over the number of AA mismatches alone. Conclusion. Differences in the number of polymorphic AA mismatches and their physiochemical properties for a given recipient HLA type are strong predictors of class II alloantigen immunogenicity and alloantibody response before kidney transplantation.
Energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN (2005)

In this paper, we study energy consumption for the IEEE 802.16e broadband wireless access (BWA) network, A mobile subscriber station goes to sleep-mode after negations with the base station and temporarily wake-up periodically for a short interval to check whether there is downlink traffic to it to decide whether it goes to wake-mode or continues to be in the sleep-mode. The sleep interval is increased exponentially upon no arrival traffic. We analytically model the sleep-mode scheme and validate the model with simulations.
Low‐Threshold Photon Upconversion Capsules Obtained by Photoinduced Interfacial Polymerization (2012)

Nonlinear optics: Photoinduced interfacial polymerization within a microfluidic channel is shown to be an effective method to prepare microcapsules that provide for photon upconversion by triplet–triplet annihilation (see picture). In this approach, an elastomeric shell formed on the inner surface of the microcapsules served as an efficient protective shield, whereas a liquid core promoted the required energy transfer for the upconverted luminescence. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Novel Two-Step Method for Improvement of MOVPE Grown InN Film on GaP(111)B Substrate (2001)

This paper reports a novel two-step method for improvement of MOVPE grown InN film on GaP(111)B, which includes the growth of a low temperature InN buffer layer and a high temperature epilayer. The additional feature of this two-step method which distinguishes it from the commonly known two-step method is that after growing the low temperature InN buffer layer the temperature is raised to the epitaxial growth temperature while continuing the growth. It is found that a single crystalline InN film with an excellent surface morphology can be grown on GaP(111)B at high temperature (∼600 °C) by this novel two-step method. In contrast, InN film grown by the conventional two-step method is found to be very rough. Differences between these two growth techniques and their influences on the buffer layer and then on main epilayer are also discussed.
Ueber die Einwirkung des Alloxans auf Pyrrol (1886)

mit Phenylhydrazin verbindet, als geniigenden Beweis fir seine Aldehydoder Ketonnatur nicht mehr wird ansehen diirfen, da es nach diesem Verhalten ebenso gut zu den aromatischen Lactonen gehBren kannte.Erst durch die Priifung seines Verhaltens