gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translation and processing of mouse hepatitis virus virion RNA in a cell-free system (1986)

The first event after infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) is presumed to be the synthesis of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from the input genomic RNA. The synthesis and processing of this putative polymerase protein was studied in a cell-free translation system utilizing 60S RNA from MHV-A59 virions. The polypeptide products of this reaction included two major species of 220 and 28 kilodaltons. Kinetics experiments indicated that both p220 and p28 appeared after 60 min of incubation and that protein p28 was synthesized initially as the N-terminal portion of a larger precursor protein. When the cell-free translation products were labeled with N-formyl[35S]methionyl-tRNAi, p28 was the predominant radioactive product, confirming its N-terminal location within a precursor protein. Translation in the presence of the protease inhibitors leupeptin and ZnCl2 resulted in the disappearance of p28 and p220 and the appearance of a new protein, p250. This product, which approached the maximal size predicted for a protein synthesized from genomic RNA, was not routinely detected in the absence of inhibitors even under conditions which optimized the translation reaction for elongation of proteins. Subsequent chelation of ZnCl2 resulted in the partial cleavage of the precursor protein and the reappearance of p28. One-dimensional peptide mapping with Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease confirmed the precursor-product relationship of p250 and p28. The results show that MHV virion RNA, like many other viral RNAs, is translated into a large polyprotein, which is cleaved soon after synthesis into smaller, presumably functional proteins. This is in marked contrast to the synthesis of other MHV proteins, in which minimal proteolytic processing occurs.
A 16-bit 10Gsps current steering RF DAC in 65nm CMOS achieving 65dBc ACLR multi-carrier performance at 4.5GHz Fout (2015)

This paper presents an RF DAC fabricated in a 65nm 1p7m CMOS process. The DAC is capable of >10Gsps operation dissipating ~800mW. At 3Gsps the SFDR > 70dBc beyond 1GHz and the IM3 performance is <; -80dBc within the same range. Signal processing is incorporated into the DAC providing interpolation and modulation through the full Nyquist band. Features and performance enable a wide application range including cable infrastructure, wireless communications, instrumentation, defense & aerospace. These performance capabilities are enabled by a modified DAC switch output structure and a novel current source calibration scheme <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Changes of Biogenic Amines and Their Metabolites in Postmortem Brains from Patients with Alzheimer‐Type Dementia (1984)

Noradrenaline (NA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in 22 regions of postmortem brains from four histologically verified cases with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) and nine histologically normal controls. Compared with the controls, concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the ATD brains were significantly reduced in nine regions (superior frontal gyrus, insula, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, putamen, medial and lateral segments of globus pallidus, substantia nigra, lateral nucleus of thalamus) and in eight regions (amygdala, substantia innominata, caudate, putamen, medial and lateral segments of globus pallidus, medial and lateral nuclei of thalamus), respectively. NA concentrations of the ATD brains were significantly reduced in six regions (cingulate gyrus, substantia innominata, putamen, hypothalamus, medial nucleus of thalamus, raphe area). In contrast, significant reductions of DA and HVA concentrations in the ATD brains were found only in putamen and amygdala, respectively. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in the ATD brains decreased significantly in locus coeruleus, while the HVA/DA ratio increased significantly in putamen and medial segment of globus pallidus. These findings suggest that the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems are affected, while the dopaminergic system is relatively unaffected in ATD brains.
Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based AAA Infrastructures Management (2015)

This document describes the management of Authentication,
Authorization and Accounting (AAA) infraesctrutures by means of a
Software-Defined Network (SDN) controller and raises the requirements
to support this service. It considers the management of AAA routing
and the establishment of security associations between AAA entities.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYL‐3‐HYDROXY‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONES VIA 2,2‐DISUBSTITUTED 1,3‐INDANDIONES (1978)

Abstract Aus den Alkylphenyl‐1,3‐indandionen (I) und Bromessigsäureester (II) entstehen die Indandione (III), die.
Influence of contractile state on curvilinearity of in situ end-systolic pressure-volume relations. (1989)

Although in situ end-systolic pressure-volume relations (ESPVRs) are approximately linear throughout a limited load range, they often yield seemingly "negative" volume axis intercepts (V0) and V0 shifts with inotropic interventions. We tested whether or not these findings could stem from in situ ESPVR nonlinearity, and we examined the physiologic meaning and limitations of linearized ESPVR variables frequently used for assessing contractile state. Continuous left ventricular pressures and volumes were obtained by micromanometer and conductance (volume) catheters in six open-chest dogs. Left ventricular loading was varied throughout a wide range by rapid left atrial hemorrhage into a reservoir. Propranolol and verapamil were administered to reduce inotropic state, with heart rate maintained by atrioventricular sequential pacing. ESPVRs were fit to nonlinear [Pes = a(Ves-V'0)2 + b(Ves-V'0)] and linear (Pes = Ees (Ves-V0)] models. Contractile state was assessed by the slope of the ESPVR at V'0 (b, of nonlinear model) and by two other ESPVR model-independent measures: the slope of the dP/dtmax and end-diastolic volume relation, and the slope of the stroke work and end-diastolic volume relation. ESPVR was frequently curvilinear, and a significant correlation existed between the extent of nonlinearity (a) and contractile state. Volume intercepts derived from linear fits to the high load ESPVR range were mostly negative and were dependent on changes in Ees. V0 estimates derived from the low load portion were positive and relatively insensitive to Ees. Thus, in situ ESPVR displays contractility-dependent curvilinearity. The contractility range throughout which ESPVRs are essentially linear is typical for isolated hearts, but the range represents low values for in situ ventricles. Despite curvilinearity, Ees determined in situ throughout limited load ranges can accurately assess inotropic state; however, comparisons between ESPVRs should consider potential nonlinearity, and if possible, they should be made within similar end-systolic pressure ranges.
Architectural thinking and modeling with the Architects' Workbench (2006)

Collecting and organizing all of the architectural information for a system is a challenge faced by information technology (IT) architects. Transforming that information into models of a viable architecture and keeping associated work products consistent and up to date is an even greater challenge. Despite this, model-centric architectural methods are not as widely adopted or as closely followed as they could be, partly due to a lack of appropriate tools. The Architects' Workbench (AWB) is a prototype tool that addresses these problems and supports the creative process of architectural thinking and modeling. This paper presents key AWB innovations and discusses how their design was motivated by insights into architectural work and feedback from IT architects. We describe the design of AWB itself as a metamodel-driven and method-based tool, and we report on experience from the use of AWB in production environments.
Topography-induced thickness variation anomalies for spin-coated thin films (1985)

A low-pass frequency filter model for predicting thickness variations on complex topography is investigated for several spin-coated thin films. Frequency weighting parameters are presented for PMMA, HPR204, HPR206, OFPR800, MPR resist coatings and a spun-on glass coating (X-600). One weighting parameter a tends to be inversely proportional to the solution viscosity and indicates the conformality of the coating. The other parameter Pmin depends on the spun-on film thickness and the step height. Simulated coated topography contours are compared to experimental profilometer traces to demonstrate the validity of the modeling technique. Effects of topography orientation with respect to the wafer center are also examined. More uniform spun-on coatings on topography are obtained at lower spin speeds. PMMA and HPR206 coatings are compared. Simulations of two- and three-dimensional coated topography are presented to indicate coating thicknesses variations within complex arrays and at the edge of large arrays.
New Concept of and Approach to Clubfoot Treatment (1982)

The first section of three on the new concept and approach to treatment of clubfoot gives a detailed description of morbid anatomy. The author believes that internal rotation and failure of correction are due to unrecognized rotation in subtalor complex. A detailed explanation of the horizontal subtalor rotation is given. The calcaneus rotates through the subtalor joint pivoting on the interosseus ligaments, causing the calcaneus to move toward the fibula posterior to the ankle joint, and with the same motion tilts the calcaneus in varus.
Homocysteine and risk of age‐related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2016)

There is still no agreement on total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of new blindness in industrialized countries. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published data on the correlation between tHcy and AMD. MEDLINE/PubMed and ISI Web of Sciences searches were performed according to MOOSE guidelines. Case-control studies were eligible for inclusion. Participants and controls were AMD patients and subjects without AMD. The main outcome measure was wet AMD. Homocysteine level was the main exposure variable. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Twelve case-control studies were identified: 10 assessed wet AMD, four dry AMD, one early AMD, one late AMD, and one any AMD. As for wet AMD, there was a total of 453 cases and 514 controls. Mean tHcy was on average 1.1 μmol/l (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96-1.25) greater in wet AMD cases, but there was evidence of extreme between-study heterogeneity (p < 0.001, I<sup>2</sup> = 91.8%). In a model homogenous for age, including six wet AMD studies (214 cases, 274 controls), mean tHcy was on average 0.58 μmol/l (95% CI = 0.35-0.73) greater in the case group, a not statistically significant result (p = 0.144) associated with moderate heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 39.2%). Our meta-analysis indicates that there is some weak evidence that increased tHcy might be associated with wet AMD; however, this result should be interpreted cautiously, because of a marked between-study heterogeneity and the possible effect of publication bias. Future studies, preferably of cohort design, are necessary before any firm conclusions on the putative role of increased tHcy on AMD can be drawn.
Adaptive Work-Efficient Connected Components on the GPU (2016)

This report presents an adaptive work-efficient approach for implementing the Connected Components algorithm on GPUs. The results show a considerable increase in performance (up to 6.8$\times$) over current state-of-the-art solutions.
Age-Dependent Depletion of Human Skin-Derived Progenitor Cells (2009)

A major unanswered question in autologous cell therapy is the appropriate timing for cell isolation. Many of the putative target diseases arise with old age and previous evidence, mainly from animal models, suggests that the stem/progenitor cell pool decreases steadily with age. Studies with human cells have been generally hampered to date by poor sample availability. In recent years, several laboratories have reported on the existence, both in rodents and humans, of skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells with the capacity to generate neural and mesodermal progenies. This easily obtainable multipotent cell population has raised expectations for their potential use in cell therapy of neurodegeneration. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the spatiotemporal abundance and phenotype of human SKPs. Here we show an analysis of human SKP abundance and in vitro differentiation potential, by using SKPs isolated from four distinct anatomic sites (abdomen, breast, foreskin, and scalp) from 102 healthy subjects aged 8 months to 85 years. Human SKP abundance and differentiation potential decrease sharply with age, being extremely difficult to isolate, expand, and differentiate when obtained from the elderly. Our data suggest preserving human SKP cell banks early in life would be desirable for use in clinical protocols in the aging population.
High-density assembly of gold nanoparticles with zwitterionic carbon nanotubes and their electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction (2012)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were assembled with high density onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which were functionalized with zwitterionic poly(imidazoliumsulfonate). The AuNP/zwitterionic CNT hybrids exhibited decent electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction as the AuNP-based catalysts.
Field detection in MgO magnetic tunnel junctions with superparamagnetic free layer and magnetic flux concentrators (2009)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) were deposited with CoFeB free layer thickness ranging from 1.3 to 3 nm. The samples were processed with areas of 10, 100, and 1000 μm2, presented RA products of ∼10 kΩ μm2, and tunneling magnetoresistance ratio values varying from ∼10% (t=1.3 nm) to ∼210% (t=3 nm). All the samples with t&lt;1.5 nm presented linear responses (coercivity of &lt;1 Oe) for all the studied areas; this behavior was associated with the CoFeB free layer transition from ferromagnetic to superparamagnetic. Noise measurements made in samples with superparamagnetic free layer showed negligible magnetic noise in the sensitive region. The sensitivity loss caused by the reduced free layer thickness was partially recovered using magnetic flux concentrators (MFCs). The MFC had a maximum gain of ∼3, a limited value to ensure a uniform gain for the MTJs with larger area (up to 1000 μm2). The MFC’s influence on the sensor’s noise behavior appears to increase with the sensor area, for both white noise background and frequency dependent noise.
Association of fasting and nonfasting serum triglycerides with cardiovascular disease and the role of remnant-like lipoproteins and small dense LDL (2008)

Nonfasting triglyceride levels may replace fasting levels in assessing cardiovascular disease risk once standard reference values have been developed. Several atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions can be measured by including apolipoprotein B in addition to HDL, (nonfasting) triglycerides and LDL cholesterol.
Behaviour of low frequency spectra during arcing fault and switching events (1988)

Distribution feeder faults modulate primary current and generate noise through arcing phenomena. The variation and behaviors selected low frequencies during fault conditions are presented. These are contrasted with normal events such as feeder-switching and capacitor-bank operations. Recorded field data have been analyzed, and the statistical results are presented. Specific behavior characteristics such as arc duration, arc repetition rate, and magnitude of low-frequency spectra are presented. Comparisons are made for different soil types and conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organization of computer systems (1960)

The past decade has seen the development of productive fast electronic digital computers. Significant problems have been solved and significant numerical experiments have been executed. Moreover, as expected, a growing number of important problems have been recorded which are not practicably computable by existing systems. These latter problems have provided the incentive for the present development of several large scale digital computers with the goal of one or two orders of magnitude increase in overall computational speed.
Combining Different Line Crosses for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Using the Identical by Descent-Based Variance Component Method (1998)

Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is usually conducted with a single line cross. The power of such QTL mapping depends highly on the two parental lines. If the two lines are fixed for the same allele at a putative QTL, the QTL is undetectable. On the other hand, if a QTL is segregating in the line cross and is detected, the estimated variance of the QTL cannot be extrapolated beyond the statistical inference space of the two parental lines. To reduce the likelihood of missing a QTL and to increase the statistical inference space of the estimated QTL variance, we present a consensus QTL mapping strategy. We adopt the identical by descent (IBD)-based variance component method originally applied to human linkage analysis by combining multiple line crosses as independent families. We explore the properties of consensus QTL mapping and demonstrate the method with F2, backcross (BC), and full-sib (FS) families. In addition, we examine the effects of the QTL heritability, marker informativeness, QTL position, the number of families, and family size. We show that F2 families notably outperform BC and FS families in detecting a QTL. There is a substantial reduction in the standard deviation of the estimated QTL position and the separation of the QTL and polygenic variance. Finally, we show that the power to detect a QTL is greater when using a small number of large families than a large number of small families.
Emerging Traceability Technologies as a Tool for Quality Wood Trade (2013)

Traceability is the ability for the retrieval of the history and use or location of an article or an activity through a registered identification, while wood traceability is a computer-based system that provides unique identification for wood and lots of other products based on wood. Traceability is beneficial both for companies and the consumers, providing better quality for wood and its products. The aim of the paper is to study the emerging traceability technologies used in wood trade sector and present the current trends and the future perspectives. Current methods are also presented in a detailed table with a lot of information about their function, history and the benefits that they provide. Such methods are the marking method of Punching, marking logs with Paint, barcodes, QR codes, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID), DNA and fingerprinting methods to verify the origin of wood and the identification system with a micro-wave sensor. Some of the methods are delayed because of the cost limits throughout the supply chain, while traditional methods are widely used.
A telemedicine approach for hypertension care (2002)

A telemedicine system (TS) has been developed to record and assess blood pressure (BP) profiles along the clock during long time spans for a wide and cost effective population coverage. The components of this TS are: (a) the patient unit (PU), (b) the BP workstation (BP-WS), and (c) the communication link (CL). The PU provides the interface of the TS to the potential telemedicine hypertension groups. An integral system is developed to quantitatively evaluate not only BP variation, but also associated environmental interacting factors, to allow: (1) the reduction of variability when assessing the systematic daily variations of BP; and (2) the assessment of the changes in the BP profiles induced by specific factors that could be of interest for the differential diagnosis of BP alteration. The BP-WS takes care of the PU and contains all the facilities to make the medical expertise and resources at the health care center available at the PU end. PU and WS are connected through the CL.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Philosophy of voltage-gated proton channels (2013)

In this review, voltage-gated proton channels are considered from a mainly teleological perspective. Why do proton channels exist? What good are they? Why did they go to such lengths to develop several unique hallmark properties such as extreme selectivity and ΔpH-dependent gating? Why is their current so minuscule? How do they manage to be so selective? What is the basis for our belief that they conduct H(+) and not OH(-)? Why do they exist in many species as dimers when the monomeric form seems to work quite well? It is hoped that pondering these questions will provide an introduction to these channels and a way to logically organize their peculiar properties as well as to understand how they are able to carry out some of their better-established biological functions.
Chitin‐Based Organic Networks: An Integral Part of Cell Wall Biosilica in the Diatom <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i> (2009)

Inner workings: Diatom cell walls are outstanding examples of natural hybrid materials and exhibit interesting mechanical and optical properties. Removal of the biosilicates in the cell walls of T. pseudonana with NH4F proves that the cell walls contain an internal, organic network consisting of crosslinked chitin fibers as well as other organic components (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Slow light enhancement of nonlinear effects in engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguides (2008)

We demonstrate enhanced nonlinear self-phase modulation through short silicon photonic crystal waveguides due to slow light using picosecond pulses. The measurements are supported by simulations, highlighting the simultaneous reinforcement of nonlinear absorption and free carriers.