gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of PVP Stabilized Ag/Pd Nanoparticles and Its Potential as an Activator for Electroless Copper Deposition (2005)

(PVP) stabilized Ag/Pd nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized at various molar ratios. The transmission electron microscopy images show the diameters of Ag/Pd nanoparticles decrease with increasing Pd molar ratios. Data from UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) all confirm the formation of a bimetallic structure. Additionally, the EDX shows that the average composition of the bimetallic nanoparticle is approximately equal to the feeding solution while the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the surface is palladium-rich, which implies an inhomogeneous alloy structure. The Ag/Pd (3/7) nanoparticles have the highest deposited amount of copper owing to its larger surface area even though their specific activity is less than palladium nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effect of the molecular weight of the protective agent was also studied. Higher molecular weight will result in a greater thickness of the protective layer and therefore decrease the specific activity A preliminary test has demonstrated that copper can be successfully deposited and filled in 0.25 μm pattern wafer. Accordingly, the Ag/Pd nanparticles show promising application as a novel activator for electroless copper deposition. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND ETICA MANAGERIALA (2005)

One important challenge is managing an organization in which members conduct their business in an ethical manner. In our paper are two aspects important. One aspect of this challenge is having knowledge of environmental and organizational conditions that increase the likelihood of unethical behaviour. A second aspect for top managers is providing ethical leadership to the rest of the organizations through such methods as hiring the right people setting standards more than rules, not letting them selves get isolated, and making sure that their ethical example is impeccable et all times.
Factorial models and refiltering for speech separation and denoising (2003)

This paper proposes the combination of several ideas, some old and some new, from machine learning and speech processing. We review the max approximation to log spectrograms of mixtures, show why this motivates a “refiltering” approach to separation and denoising, and then describe how the process of inference in factorial probabilistic models performs a computation useful for deriving the masking signals needed in refiltering. A particularly simple model, factorial-max vector quantization (MAXVQ), is introduced along with a branch-and-bound technique for efficient exact inference and applied to both denoising and monaural separation. Our approach represents a return to the ideas of Ephraim, Varga and Moore but applied to auditory scene analysis rather than to speech recognition. 1. Sparsity & Redundancy in Spectrograms 1.1. The Log-MaxApproximation When two clean speech signals are mixed additively in the time domain, what is the relationship between the individual log spectrograms of the sources and the log spectrogram of the mixture? Unless the sources are highly dependent (synchronized), the spectrogram of the mixture is almost exactly the maximum of the individual spectrograms, with the maximum operating over small time-frequency regions (fig. 2). This amazing fact, first noted by Roger Moore in 1983, comes from the fact that unless e1 and e2 are both large and almost equal, log(e1 + e2) ≈ max(log e1, log e2) (fig. 1a). The sparse nature of the speech code across time and frequency is the key to the practical usefulness of this approximation: most narrow frequency bands carry substantial energy only a small fraction of the time and thus it is rare that two independent sources inject large amounts of energy into the same subband at the same time. (Figure 1b shows a plot of the relative energy of two simultaneous speakers in a narrow subband; most of the time at least one of the two sources shows negligible power.) 1.2. Masking and Refiltering Fortunately, the speech code is also redundant across timefrequency. Different frequency bands carry, to a certain extent, independent information and so if information in some bands is suppressed or masked, even for significant durations, other bands can fill in. (A similar effect occurs over time: if brief sections of the signal are obscured, even across all bands, the speech is still intelligible; while also useful, we do not exploit this here.) This is partly why humans perform so well on many monaural speech separation and denoising tasks. When we solve the cocktail party problem or recognize degraded speech, we are doing structural analysis, or a kind of “perceptual grouping” on the incoming sound. There is substantial evidence that the appropriate subparts of an audio signal for use in grouping may be narrow frequency bands over short times. To generate these parts computationally, we can perform multiband analysis – break the original speech signal y(t) into many subband signals bi(t) each lo g e2 ma
Educating for Peace and Justice in America's Nuclear Age (2011)

The emergence of peace education as embodied in the context of peace studies, which emerged during the post-World War II ideological struggle between capitalism and Communism, the nuclear arms race pitting the United States against the former Soviet Union, the Vietnam War, and the civil rights movement in America, met with considerable criticism. There were many within and outside the academic community who argued that peace studies had very little to offer in terms of “real scholarship” and were primarily politically motivated. Some went so far as to insist that this new area of study lacked focus and discipline given the complexities associated with war and peace. It also became fashionable to attack those teaching and studying peace issues as anarchists, communists, and pacifists. They were ridiculed as subversives for challenging the hegemony of the U.S. military establishment. Over time all that would change as the early years of experimentation resulted in programs more rigorous in academic content and serious in focus. Although there are many who still question the viability of peace education/peace studies among schoolchildren and undergraduates, the historical record of the last fifty years or so provides a far different picture. It presents a progression of peace education/peace studies in our society today from an antidote to the science of war to a comprehensive examination of the causes of violence and related strategies for peace. The evolution of peace education in the United States since the 1950s is characterized by four developments: (1) disarmament schemes of international law in reaction to the horrors of World War II; (2) the civil rights movement and opposition to the Vietnam War; (3) response to President Reagan’s ramping up the arms race in the 1980s; and (4) a holistic form of peace and justice studies marked by efforts on peer mediation, conflict resolution, and environmental awareness. Clearly, in the last fifty years, marked by debate and evolution, peace education—citizen-based and academically sanctioned—has achieved intellectual legitimacy and is worthy of historical analysis. Recommended Citation: Ian Harris and Charles F. Howlett, “Educating for Peace and Justice in America’s Nuclear Age,” Catalyst: A Social Justice Forum 1, 1 (2011): 20-51. Online Access: http://trace.tennessee.edu/catalyst/ Corresponding Author Information: Charles F. Howlett, chowlett@molloy.edu Malloy College Department of Graduate Education ©Catalyst: A Social Justice Forum University of Tennessee 914 McClung Tower Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0490 EDUCATING FOR PEACE AND JUSTICE IN AMERICA’S NUCLEAR AGE IAN HARRIS AND CHARLES F. HOWLETT “Nationally the peace education movement is growing — some say surging — because of the continued failure of military solutions in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the belief that alternatives to violence do exist.”
A Comparison of DHMM and DTW for Isolated Digits Recognition System of Arabic Language (2013)

Abstract — Despite many years of concentrated research, the performance gap between automatic speech recognition (ASR) and human speech recognition (HSR) remains large. Especially for Arabic language, research efforts are still limited in comparison with other languages such as English or Japanese. In this work, we have use two algorithms to implement a system of Automatic Recognition of isolated Arabic Digits: Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Discrete Hidden Markov Model (DHMM). The endpoint detection, framing, normalization, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) and vector quantization techniques were used to process speech samples to accomplish the recognition. The better recognition accuracy of about 92 % was obtained with DHMM-based system. In noisy environment, the recognition performances for the two ASR are worse but the pattern recognition using HMM is better than the pattern using DTW.
Heterosis in table pea (Pisum Sativum L. Poir) (2003)

The performance of 45 hybrids of pea (Pisum sativum L. poir) was studied in relation to that of standard recommended table pea cultivar Azad P-1. Seventeen crosses exhibited significant higher yield over ‘Azad P- 1’, giving maximum heterotic response of 55.37 percent (Ks. 226 x Azad P-3). Days to flowering, plant length, no. of branches/plant, no. of pods/plant and pod width were found to be major contributors for heterotic yield. The ranking of the best crosses on the basis of heterotic response as against SCA effects has be realized. The best crosses, in general involved additive x additive, additive x dominance or dominance x dominance type of epistatic gene interactions.
Exploiting Mirrors in Interactive Reconstruction with Structured Light. (2004)

This paper describes how a mirror can be integrated as another view and another source of light pat-terns in an interactive reconstruction system with structured light, where the object, the camera, and the mirror can move. We show how a single pass of structured light can provide 3D points to accu-rately estimate the pose of a mirror, while also re-constructing 3D points on the object. We develop new structured light patterns that are unaffected by the reversed order created by some mirror configu-rations. We also describe hardware rendering sup-port to avoid conflicting emitted/captured light pat-terns, and demonstrate how all the proposed real-izations extend naturally for multiple mirror config-urations. We finally conclude with results, discuss limitations, and suggest further improvements. 1
The effect of endogenous mRNA levels on co‐suppression in tomato (2004)

Introduction of truncated polygalacturonase (PG) transgenes into tomato plants caused the production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and co-suppression of both the endogenous and PG transgenes in ripening fruits by post-transcriptional gene silencing. In order to test the possible effect on co-suppression of the endogenous PG mRNA level, we transferred the PG transgenes from a PG-silenced line (wild type background) by crossing to two ripening regulatory mutants with reduced PG: Never-ripe (Nr, approximately 10% endogenous PG mRNA compared to wild type) and ripening-inhibitor (rin, approximately 1% endogenous PG mRNA) and to wild type (as a control). The PG transgenes caused strong co-suppression of the transgenes and the endogenous PG gene in cells with high PG mRNA background (wild type) and silencing appeared to be linked with higher transgene copy number and/or a particular transgene locus. In cells with low endogenous PG mRNA accumulation (Nr), the endogenous PG gene was preferentially suppressed compared to the transgenes, whose expression was not reduced significantly. The expression of the transgenes was also not reduced in the very low PG background (rin), in which endogenous PG was barely detectable. In all the analysed lines with all three PG background levels, siRNAs accumulated in leaves and green fruits, in which the endogenous PG gene is not transcribed. The relatively abundant production of siRNAs in most of the lines was linked with a particular transgene insert. These results suggest that a certain threshold level of endogenous PG mRNA is required for the co-suppression of the truncated PG transgenes and the endogenous PG gene or for extensive silencing of the transgenes.
Catalysis of hydrosilylation XIII. Gas‐phase hydrosilylation of acetylene by trichlorosilane on functionalised silica supported rhodium and ruthenium phosphine complexes (1987)

Abstract Gas‐phase hydrosilylation of acetylene by tri‐chlorosilane catalyzed in a continuous flow apparatus by rhodium and ruthenium phosphine complexes immobilized on the silica via mercapto, phosphine, amine and nitrile ligands has been studied. GLC analysis of the reaction products showed vinyltrichlorosilane to be accompanied by products of double hydrosilylation of acetylene and the redistribution of trichlorosilane followed by the hydrosilylation and hydrogenative hydrosilylation of acetylene with dichlorosilane. A scheme for this complex competitive–consecutive reaction was proposed. The yield and selectivity of vinyltrichlorosilane can be much improved under special reaction conditions, e.g. rate flow of the particular substrates, temperature, given catalyst and others. Kinetic measurements carried out in the range of 115–140°C allowed us to evaluate the activation energy, E a , for the vinyltrichlorosilane synthesis, which varied between 20.5 and 27.6 kJ mol −1 for the selected rhodium and ruthenium supported complexes.
Correcting Fluctuating Baselines and Spectral Overlap with Genetic Regression (1997)

The application of a new algorithm, known as genetic regression (GR), to calibration problems with spectra containing complex fluctuating baselines is illustrated with the use of synthetic data. The ability of the algorithm to automatically compensate for the presence of linear and polynomial (quadratic and cubic) baselines in the presence of complex spectral overlap is investigated along with the effect of noise. GR is unique in that it provides an effective wavelength optimization technique by sorting through the spectr al data and selecting and appropriately combining wavelengths that compensate for structured baseline and spectral overlap. The results obtained with GR are compared with those obtained with background-corrected linear regression. GR is shown to give much better results and, in constrast to traditional background correction, is much faster and can compensate for the presence of both structured baseline and complex spectral overlap simultaneously. The results of a noise study show that the method works at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and that the error in the final result is a function of the noise.
Orthomorphisms of Groups and Orthogonal Latin Squares. I (1961)

Euler (6) in 1782 first studied orthogonal latin squares. He showed the existence of a pair of orthogonal latin squares for all odd n and conjectured their non-existence for n = 2(2k + 1). MacNeish (8) in 1921 gave a construction of n — 1 mutually orthogonal latin squares for n = p with p prime and of n(v) mutually orthogonal squares of order v where with p 1 p 2 , … , P r being distinct primes and
Design considerations for large computer communication networks. (1976)

This research deals with the specification, analysis and evaluation of some routing and topology design procedures for large store and forward packet switched computer communication networks. The procedures studied are an extension of present techniques and rely on a hierarchical clustering of the network nodes.
Inactivation of the polyanionic detergent sodium polyanetholsulfonate by hemoglobin (1983)

Sodium polyanetholsulfonate (SPS) has been added to blood culture media for many years. Its incorporation results in a higher yield of positive blood cultures due to its inactivation of antimicrobial cationic compounds. The most active of these cations include complement components, aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics, and receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. There have been reports from studies conducted outside patient blood culture bottles that SPS itself may possess antibacterial activity against some isolates of Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Conversely, in patient clinical trials there has been no significant difference in pathogen isolation rates in the presence or absence of SPS. In an attempt to explain this in vitro/in vivo disparity, a search was undertaken to elucidate which variable constituent in blood, heretofore not studied quantitatively, might have a major effect on modulating the activity of SPS. It was found that hemoglobin combined stoichiometrically with SPS with a Kd of approximately 10(-7) mol/liter. Optimum SPS inactivation occurred at an SPS/hemoglobin ratio of 1:6 (wt/wt). SPS-sensitive isolates of N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis were protected by the addition of hemoglobin from the antimicrobial effects of this polyanion in time-kill studies. This protection was directly related to the amount of SPS combined in solution. Therefore, the amount of free hemoglobin in solution must be measured when studying the antimicrobial activity of polyanions or when evaluating the effect of different polyanions on the recovery rates of pathogens in patient blood culture clinical trials.
Autonomous Mobility for the Demo III Experimental Unmanned Vehicles (2002)

This paper will describe the autonomous mobility controller used under the U.S. Army sponsored Demo III experimental Unmanned Vehicle (XUV) project. The controller is designed for avoiding obstacles and traversing highly unstructured outdoor environments. Behavior generation, world modeling and perception capabilities as well as design architecture will be presented. The architecture used is based on 4D-PCS which uses hierarchical levels of knowledge and decision making. At each successive level of the architecture, planning algorithms generate paths with increasing detail. High level commands developed by the soldiers are automatically refined using 30 meter DTED a priori maps and onboard sensors. The XUVs plan and replan their own routes, speed and gaze. Demo III XUVs have been thoroughly tested on scouting scenarios by the U.S. Army soldiers. The results of this testing will be presented.
Tuning ranges for 1.5 μm wavelength tunable DBR lasers (1988)

Tuning ranges for 1.5 μm wavelength tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers were studied experimentally. Over 10.0 nm (1.25 THz) quasicontinuous tuning under 5 mW light output conditions and 4.4 nm (550 GHz) continuous tuning at 1 mW were achieved.
Computerized Monitoring of Valproate and Physician Responsiveness to Laboratory Studies as a Quality Indicator (2000)

Using computerized pharmacy, laboratory, and hospitalization data from a large state psychiatric hospital system, this study examined physician responses to laboratory studies obtained in the course of therapeutic drug monitoring. Computerized monitoring modules based on physician-developed guidelines identified out-of-range laboratory values and searched for appropriate corresponding physician responses within clinically driven, mathematically adjusted time frames. Valproate monitoring in four metropolitan hospitals showed that appropriate physician responses were associated with shorter hospital stays for patients and were predictive of length of stay in a multiple regression analysis (p<.001). After physicians received didactic feedback, the percentage of appropriate responses to low serum valproate levels increased.
Synthesis and thermal properties of a novel lactose‐containing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamidolactamine) hydrogel (1999)

An improved, simple, and efficient method for the synthesis of lactose-containing monomer acrylamidolactamine (LAM) has been reported. Free radical copolymerization of this monomer with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of the crosslinking reagent N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BisA) (1.2 mol %) proceeded smoothly in an aqueous solution using potassium persulfate (KPS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as the initiating system and gave transparent hydrogels. Reactivity ratios were estimated from copolymerization reactions carried out in solution without BisA crosslinker and at low conversion, by using both linearization and nonlinearization methods. They were found to be rLAM = 0.75 and rNIPAM = 1.22. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels was studied by immersion of the hydrogels in deionized water at different temperatures. Equilibrium water uptake was increased when the LAM content was higher than 47 mol %, and reached ≈ 44-fold with 100 mol % LAM at room temperature. Depending on the composition, the gels showed sharp swelling transitions with small changes in temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to characterize the swelling transition and the organization of water in the copolymer hydrogels. The amounts of freezable water in these hydrogels ranged from 81 to 89%, and was not correlated to the content of the sugar monomer. These gels have potential applications as biocompatible materials. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1393–1402, 1999
ATM-based transport architecture for multiservices wireless personal communication networks (1994)

This paper presents an ATM-based transport architecture for next-generation multiservices personal communication networks (PCN). Such "multimedia capable" integrated services wireless networks are motivated by an anticipated demand for wireless extensions to future broadband networks. An ATM compatible wireless network concept capable of supporting a mix of broadband ISDN services including constant bit-rate (CBR), variable bit-rate (VBR), and packet data transport is explored from an architectural viewpoint. The proposed system uses a hierarchical ATM switching network for interconnection of PCN microcells, each of which is serviced by high-speed, shared-access radio links based on ATM-compatible cell, relay principles. Design issues related to the physical (modulation), media access control (MAC), and data-link layers of the ATM-based radio link are discussed, and preliminary technical approaches are identified in each case. An example multiservice dynamic reservation (MDR) TDMA media access protocol is then considered in further detail, and simulation results are presented for an example voice/data scenario with a proportion of time-critical (i.e., multimedia) packet data. Time-of-expiry (TOE) based queue service disciplines are also investigated as a mechanism for improving the quality-of-service (QoS) in this scenario.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>