gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B2B eContract Handling- A Survey of Projects, Papers and Standards (2001)

The rapid development of IT gives rise to changes in many industries and different spheres of life. It simplifies and speeds up processes and data processing. As a result, it changes the processes and the data involved in them. The area of commerce and contracting in particular undergoes similar changes. The new developments aim at speeding up, facilitating and globalizing the process of contracting. This inevitably leads to new contracting processes and changes the standard approach for contracting. This report presents a survey of the research, development, and standardization efforts in the area of business-to-business e-contracting. The report is divided into three parts. The first part presents a multi-dimensional contracting framework. The second part reviews current standardization processes and developments in the e-commerce field. The third part provides summaries and comments on a selected set of papers on e-contracting. Depending on their goals, focus and content, the papers are categorized in accordance with the contract cycle phases described in one of the dimensions of the contracting framework. Where appropriate, the content of the papers is related to the dimensions of the contracting framework. This report further provides an acronym list of the most common abbreviations in e-commerce terminology.
Mathematical model of MMR inversion for geophysical data (2007)

In this paper, we present an analysis of the solution to a number of geophysical inverse problems which are generally non-unique. The mathematical inverse problem that arises is commonly ill-posed in the sense that small changes in the data lead to large changes in the solution. We conduct the inversion algorithm to explore the conductivity for the ground structure. The algorithm uses the data in the form of magnetic field measurements for magnetometric resistivity (MMR). The inversion example is performed to investigate the conductivity ground profile that best fits the observed data. The result is compared with the true model and discussed to show the efficiency of the method. The model for the inversion example with the apparent conductivity and the true conductivity are plotted to show the convergence of the algorithm.
Boolean Operations on Arbitrary Polyhedral Meshes (2015)

A floating-point arithmetic algorithm designed for solving usual boolean operations (intersection, union, and difference) on arbitrary polyhedral meshes is described in this paper. It can be used in many pre- and post-processing applications in computational physics (e.g. cut-cell volume mesh generation or high order conservative remapping). The method provides conformal polyhedral meshes upon exit. The core idea is to triangulate the polygons, solve the intersections at the triangular level, reconstruct the polyhedra from the cloud of conformal triangles and then re-aggregate their triangular faces to polygons. This approach offers a great flexibility regarding the admissible topologies: non-planar faces, concave faces or cells and some non-manifoldness are handled. The algorithm is described in details and some preliminary results are shown.
Local IGFBP-3 mRNA expression, apoptosis and risk of colorectal adenomas (2008)

Low expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA in normal colonic mucosa predicts increased risk of adenomas. Our findings suggest that local IGFBP-3 in the colon may directly increase adenoma risk but IGFBP-3 may act through a pathway other than apoptosis to influence adenoma risk.
25th Anniversary Article: Hybrid Nanostructures Based on Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials (2014)

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), receive a lot of attention, because of their intriguing properties and wide applications in catalysis, energy-storage devices, electronics, optoelectronics, and so on. To further enhance the performance of their application, these 2D nanomaterials are hybridized with other functional nanostructures. In this review, the latest studies of 2D nanomaterial-based hybrid nanostructures are discussed, focusing on their preparation methods, properties, and applications.
Algorithms and data structures with applications to graphics and geometry (1993)

Based on the authors' extensive teaching of algorithms and data structures, this text aims to show a sample of the intellectual demands required by a computer science curriculum, and to present issues and results of lasting value, ideas that will outlive the current generation of computers. Sample exercises, many with solutions, are included throughout the book.
Calcium Modulation of Hypertension and Obesity: Mechanisms and Implications (2001)

Regulation of intracellular calcium plays a key role in hypertension and obesity. Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis appears to be a fundamental factor linking these conditions. Regulation of intracellular calcium in key disease-related target tissues by calcitrophic hormones provides the opportunity to modulate disease risk with dietary calcium. Overall, sub-optimal calcium intakes contribute to the etiology of salt-sensitivity and hypertension. High salt diets exert a calciuretic effect, serving to exacerbate the physiological consequences of sub-optimal calcium diets. Among these are increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which increases vascular smooth muscle intracellular calcium, thereby increasing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Dietary calcium reduces blood pressure in large part via suppression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, thereby normalizing intracellular calcium. The practical relevance of this approach has been confirmed in the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) trial, which demonstrated that increasing low-fat dairy product and fruit and vegetable consumption exerted profound blood pressure-lowering effects. The magnitude of this effect among hypertensives was comparable to that typically found in pharmacological trials of mild hypertension. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D also stimulates calcium influx in human adipocytes, resulting in stimulation of lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis and expansion of triglyceride stores. Accordingly, suppression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by dietary calcium has been identified as a target, which may contribute to the prevention and management of obesity. Indeed, laboratory, clinical and population data all indicate a significant anti-obesity effect of dietary calcium, although large-scale prospective clinical trials have not yet been conducted to definitively demonstrate the scope of this effect. Thus, available evidence indicates that increasing dietary calcium intakes may result in reductions in fat mass as well as in blood pressure.
Toll-like receptor 9 and 21 have different ligand recognition profiles and cooperatively mediate activity of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides in zebrafish (2013)

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are potent immune stimuli currently under investigation as antimicrobial agents for different species. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and TLR21 are the cellular receptors of CpG-ODN in mammals and chickens, respectively. The avian genomes lack TLR9, whereas mammalian genomes lack TLR21. Although fish contain both of these genes, the biological functions of fish TLR9 and TLR21 have not been investigated previously. In this study, we comparatively investigated zebrafish TLR9 (zebTLR9) and TLR21 (zebTLR21). The two TLRs have similar expression profiles in zebrafish. They are expressed during early development stages and are preferentially expressed in innate immune function-related organs in adult fish. Results from cell-based activation assays indicate that these two zebrafish TLRs are functional, responding to CpG-ODN but not to other TLR ligands. zebTLR9 broadly recognized CpG-ODN with different CpG motifs, but CpG-ODN with GACGTT or AACGTT had better activity to this TLR. In contrast, zebTLR21 responded preferentially to CpG-ODN with GTCGTT motifs. The distinctive ligand recognition profiles of these two TLRs were determined by their ectodomains. Activation of these two TLRs by CpG-ODN occurred inside the cells and was modulated by UNC93B1. The biological functions of these two TLRs were further investigated. The CpG-ODNs that activate both zebTLR9 and zebTLR21 were more potent than others that activate only zebTLR9 in the activation of cytokine productions and were more bactericidal in zebrafish. These results suggest that zebTLR9 and zebTLR21 cooperatively mediate the antimicrobial activities of CpG-ODN. Overall, this study provides a molecular basis for the activities of CpG-ODN in fish.
Development of Flashback Resistant Low-Emission Micro-Mixing Fuel Injector for 100% Hydrogen and Syngas Fuels (2009)

The present work extends previous efforts using “micro-mixing” fuel injectors operating on hydrogen fuel to elevated pressure and temperature and includes initial evaluation of a second injector concept. A micro-mixing fuel injector consists of multiple, small and closely spaced mixing cups, within which fuel and air mix rapidly at a small scale. The micro-mixing injection strategy offers inherent flexibility for the accommodation of staging, dilution, and fuel flexibility, and the manufacturing technology employed for building the cups affords great flexibility to address the conflicting demands of superior fuel-air mixing and flash-back avoidance. In the present work, both radial and axial flow micromixing concepts are investigated using experiments and computational fluid dynamics. The hydrogen/air reaction structure is captured using OH* chemiluminescence at 308 nm, recorded using a 16-bit thermoelectrically cooled ICCD with a UV sensitive phosphor. Instantaneous images are used to assess flashback tendencies at pressures up to 8 atm for reaction temperatures approaching 2000 K. Emissions are measured at the exit of the combustor liner using EPA certified methodologies. The results demonstrate that both concepts can produce low NOx emissions while remaining robust relative to flashback and lean blowout. The radial concepts offer superior emissions performance, while the axial concepts offer superior flashback tendencies. Based on the results obtained to date, the micro-mixing approach appears promising relative to achieving flashback free operation with low emissions at pressures up to 8 atm while maximizing scalability and fuel flexibility.
A New Triterpene from the Resin of Bursera simaruba (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Triterpene from the Resin of Bursera simarubaSergio R. Peraza-Sánchez, Norma E. Salazar-Aguilar, and Luis M. Peña-RodríguezCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1995, 58, 2, 271–274Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50116a019https://doi.org/10.1021/np50116a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Natural color reproduction system for telemedicine and its application to digital camera (2003)

For a reliable diagnosis via visual telecommunication systems, it is very important to reproduce patient images with correct color. But it is not certain by conventional color imaging systems especially when the illumination of observing site is different from that of the image capturing site. We present a natural color reproduction system for telemedicine. In this system, the color of a patient under observing illumination is calculated from multispectral image. For accurate color reproduction, the spectral reflectance is calculated using principal components of human skin in the process. The color image is displayed on a calibrated display device. In the experiment, it is confirmed that the system realizes good accuracy in the color reproduction of human skin from 10 band multispectral image. And for simplification of the system we also adapted this process to commercial digital RGB camera.
Predictive control of modular multilevel series/parallel converter for battery systems (2017)

This paper presents a multi-step predictive control framework for modular multilevel converters with series/parallel connectivity - a more generalized topology of the H-bridge-based modular multilevel converters. The controller coordinates a wide range of objectives including converter output voltage, power losses, and balancing of the battery state of charge. Though capable of considering multiple steps ahead, the controller does not elicit a combinatorial explosion. The key idea is taking the converter's transistor currents, instead of switching signals, as the basic state variables. Based on these state variables, the converter can be modeled as a linear time-invariant system and the associated cost functions can be cast into linear-quadratic form. As such, the control problem is akin to the linear quadratic regulator, which allows efficient solution to the optimal control input with the prediction of multiple steps ahead. On an 8-module, 17-level battery system, prediction of three to five steps ahead reduces the power loss by 10% compared with predicting one step ahead, while further extending the prediction horizon does not bring improvement. The controller also shows good performance on balancing the state of charge of the batteries as well as distributing the losses among them.
Some aspects of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of d-transition metal compounds (1993)

F. E. Mabbs, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1993, 22, 313 DOI: 10.1039/CS9932200313
On-demand electrostatic droplet charging and sorting (2011)

This study reports a droplet-based microfluidic device for on-demand electrostatic droplet charging and sorting. This device combines two independent modules: one is a hydrodynamic flow focusing structure to generate water-in-oil droplets, and the other is the two paired-electrodes for charging and sorting of the droplets. Depending on the polarity on charging electrodes, water-in-oil droplets can be electrostatically charged positively or negatively, followed by automatic real-time electric sorting. This approach will be useful when preformed droplets, with a positive, a negative, or with no charge, need to be manipulated for further on-chip droplet manipulation.
CTSC Recommended Security Practices for Thrift Clients: Case Study - Evernote (2014)

The Science Gateway Platform (SciGaP, scigap.org ) will provide services to help\ncommunities create Science Gateways. SciGaP (via Apache Airavata) will use the Apache Thrift framework ( thrift.apache.org ), a language independent, richly typed interface definition language (IDL) to generate both client and server software development kits (SDKs). Thrift takes a departure from many public services in that it is not a RESTful( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer ) API.\n\nTo gain a better understanding of Thrift (for the CTSC-SciGaP engagement), we examine an existing application/service that uses it: Evernote (evernote.com). Hopefully, the design and use cases of Evernote will help inform the design and use cases of SciGaP, at least from a security perspective. This document provides an overview of Evernote with an emphasis on its Cloud API, some examples of its SDKs, and a list of recommended practices for using Evernote.
BLBP: A Beacon-Driven Leader Based Protocol for MAC Layer Multicast Error Control in Wireless LANs (2008)

In Wireless LANs MAC layer multicast error control schemes lead to shorter delays compared with application layer schemes. In this paper, we enhance a Leader Based Protocol (LBP) and propose a Beacon-driven Leader Based Protocol (BLBP) for the MAC layer multicast error control. Like LBP, BLBP selects one of the multicast group receivers as the leader and allows acknowledgement and negative acknowledgements from the leader receiver and non-leader receivers respectively. The use of the beacon frame is to lead the non-leader receivers to set timers and to announce the sequence number of the following data frame. Thanks to the sequence check based on the beacon frame, BLBP avoids the unnecessary transmissions in LBP. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that BLBP can correct nearly all the errors for all receivers in the MAC layer and is more efficient than LBP. BLBP is even more efficient than the application layer automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme and the total multicast delay is much shorter. BLBP is very good for real-time multicast applications with strict delay constraints.
A mutation in β‐tubulin and a sustained dependence on androgen receptor signalling in a newly established docetaxel‐resistant prostate cancer cell line (2009)

The mechanisms of docetaxel resistance in PC (prostate cancer) are unclear because of the lack of suitable experimental models, and no effective treatment exists for docetaxel-resistant PC. We established a docetaxel-resistant cell line, LNDCr, from an androgen-refractory PC cell line, LNCaP-hr, by intermittent exposure to docetaxel in vitro. The LNDCr cells harboured an F270I mutation in class I beta-tubulin, and demonstrated impaired tubulin polymerization by docetaxel. AR signalling was sustained in LNDCr cells, and AR knockdown suppressed the growth of LNDCr cells. These results suggest that an acquired mutation in beta-tubulin is associated with docetaxel resistance in PC and that a novel AR-targeted therapy is effective for docetaxel-resistant PC.
Ectopic expression of the ErbB-3 binding protein Ebp1 inhibits growth and induces differentiation of human breast cancer cell lines (2000)

Ebp1, an ErbB-3 binding protein, translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of human breast cancer cells after treatment with the ErbB-3 ligand, heregulin. The purpose of these studies was to examine the effects of ectopic expression of ebp1 on the biological properties of human ErbB-3-expressing breast carcinoma cell lines. Ectopic expression of ebp1 in ErbB-2, ErbB-3-expressing breast carcinoma cell lines resulted in inhibition of colony formation, a decreased proliferation rate, an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and suppression of growth in soft agar. Ectopic expression of ebp1 led to a more differentiated phenotype in AU565 breast cancer cells, as evidenced by increased expression of lipid droplets and of the milk protein casein. Basal phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (Erks) 1 and 2, kinases activated by heregulin treatment, was also observed in ebp1 transfectants. The promoter for the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene, a heregulin-inducible gene, was constitutively activated in ebp1 transfectants as determined by reporter construct analysis. These data demonstrate that ectopic expression of the ErbB-3 binding protein Ebp1 inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of ErbB-2, ErbB-3-expressing human breast carcinoma cell lines.
Color design support system considering color harmony (2003)

Color design is very important for a product design. In this paper, we propose a system which aims to support such a color design. Proposed system is composed of 5 parts, such as the part which evaluates the harmony of colors, the color combining part, color scheme image judging part, image word output part and lastly image comparison part. First, the system requires the user to input a color and his preferring image of color scheme including his inputting color with image keyword. Next, the system selects colors from the Munsell color database, which are in harmony with the color inputted into the system. Then, the system builds color schemes to combine the color inputted by the user with the colors selected from the database by the system. Finally, images of the color schemes are evaluated and outputted the color combinations whose images accord with the image keyword which the user inputs into the system. Experimental result shows that effective judgments of color harmony and color image are executed and we can get some good color schemes by the system.
API usability peer reviews (2010)

We describe a usability inspection method to evaluate Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). We found the method useful as it identified usability defects in Microsoft's .NET Framework, of which 59% were new and 21% were fixed. Based on a comparison of usability defects identified between API usability peer reviews and API usability tests, API usability tests were found to expose design issues related to actually using an API whereas API usability peer reviews were found to expose the design rationale of an API. We reflect on the efficiency and productivity of each method: each API usability test is equivalent to 16 API usability peer reviews with the former having a 2.5x productivity advantage. We discuss how API usability peer reviews can be used in conjunction with API usability tests to increase usability coverage on APIs.
200 MHz 16-bit BiCMOS signal processor (2003)

A 200-MHz, 600-MOPS, 16-bit, super-high-speed fixed-point BiCMOS DSP (digital signal processor) has been developed for video signal processing, including discrete cosine transforms (DCTs) for picture coding. A block diagram is shown of the processor, which consists of a 16-bit binary adder, a 16-bit*16-bit redundant binary multiplier (RB-MPY), and a 35-digit RB accumulator (RB-ACC). The RB-MPY is constructed with an RB adder tree and two dynamic pipeline registers. The RB-ACC is specially integrated to produce a high-speed RB convolver. Two input registers, in which B-to-RB conversion takes place, and a 35-bit RB-to-B converter, are also provided. A 0.8 mu m BiCMOS and triple-layer Al interconnection have been developed for the processors. Speed improvement over commercially available 1.3- mu m processes by a factor of 1.7 has been achieved by employing both W-polycide for low resistance MOSFET gates and TiSi/sub x/ for sources and drains and by shrinking device size. The device's signal processing capabilities are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive multichannel blind deconvolution using state-space models (2003)

Independent component analysis (ICA) and related problems of blind source separation (BSS) and multichannel blind deconvolution (MBD) problems have recently gained much interest due to many applications in biomedical signal processing, wireless communications and geophysics. In this paper both linear and nonlinear state space models for blind and semi-blind deconvolution are proposed. New unsupervised adaptive learning algorithms performing extended linear multichannel blind deconvolution are developed. For a nonlinear mixture, a hyper radial basis function (HRBF) neural network is employed and associated supervised-unsupervised learning rules for its parameters are developed. Computer simulation experiments confirm the validity and performance of the developed models and associated learning algorithms.