gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report on the fourth workshop on hot topics in software upgrades (HotSWUp 2012) (2013)

The Fourth Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Upgrades (HotSWUp 2012) was held on June 3, 2012 in Zurich, Switzerland. The workshop was co-located with ICSE 2012. The goal of HotSWUp is to identify, through interdisciplinary collaboration, cutting-edge research ideas for implementing software upgrades. The workshop combined presentations of peer-reviewed research papers with a keynote speech on how empirical software engineering can help reduce update-induced failures. The audience included researchers and practitioners from academia and industry. In addition to the technical presentations, the program allowed ample time for discussions, which were driven by debate questions provided in advance by the presenters. HotSWUp provides a premier forum for discussing problems that are often considered niche topics in the established research communities. For example, the technical discussions at HotSWUp'12 covered dynamic software updates, package management tools, using model-checking and verification to verify updates, empirical software engineering and repository mining, and highlighted many synergies among these and other topics.
Properties of HF RADAR Compact Antenna Arrays and Their Effect on the MUSIC Algorithm (2007)

Detailed analysis of the compact antenna array patterns and the internal signal processing within the MUSIC algorithm leads to a goodness-of-fit quality metric for the output radial current velocities and bearings produced by the HF RADAR system. To achieve this, some theory behind the MUSIC direction finding algorithm, describing its Direction of Arrival (DO A) metric, is first presented. MATLAB simulations are conducted and statistics are collected on the DOA metrics. The magnitudes of these metrics are directly related to the quality of the bearings produced by the MUSIC algorithm. Quality of measured antenna patterns is paramount to the accuracy of the MUSIC algorithm bearing output. Ambiguities, as well as other aspects of the measured antenna patterns that are detrimental to quality, are discussed. This research provides HF RADAR users with a practical quality metric for the radial current velocities and their associated bearings produced by the HF RADAR system.
Comparison of on-die global clock distribution methods for parallel serial links (2009)

This paper presents a comparative study of clock distribution methods for serial links, including inverter chain, CML chain, transmission line, inductive load and capacitively driven wires in regards to delay, jitter and power consumption. Analysis, simulation and design insights are given for each method for 2.5 GHz clock propagation by on-die 5 mm wire in a 90 nm CMOS process. Simulations show the transmission line achieves least jitter and delay, while capacitively driven wire illustrates the best power-jitter and power-delay product.
The mouse antibody response to <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> defines a single, immunodominant epitope shared by multiple antigens. (1990)

Immunoblot analysis was used to characterize the Trichinella spiralis L1 larval Ag recognized by antisera from T. spiralis-infected AKR/J mice. Antisera were analyzed for reactivity with crude worm extract, excretory/secretory proteins and cuticle proteins from L1 larvae. The response was biphasic; antibodies against one set of Ag were detected 13 days after infection (group I Ag), and antibodies against a different set of Ag were detected 35 days after infection (group II Ag). Excretory/secretory and cuticle proteins were recognized only by antibodies produced late in infection. The predominant isotype in day 42 antiserum was IgG1, and 80% of these IgG1 antibodies reacted with a stage-specific determinant shared by virtually all group II Ag. A mAb reactive with the shared determinant was used to purify the group II Ag from L1 larval extract. Such affinity-purified Ag were protective when used to immunize mice against subsequent infection, and T cells from infected mice proliferated when cultured with these Ag in vitro. Other mouse strains also made a strong serum antibody response to the group II Ag. We hypothesize that immune responses to the shared epitope play an important role in determining the outcome of the host-parasite interaction during infection.
Inflammatory mediators involved in the progression of the metabolic syndrome (2012)

The metabolic syndrome is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, steatosis of the liver and other organs, as well as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have implicated a number of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, adipokines and eicosanoids in the inflammatory responses that accompany the metabolic syndrome. Measurements of the circulating levels of the inflammatory molecules that accompany this syndrome might provide leads to therapeutic approaches to modulate the inflammatory responses and thereby alter disease progression. In this review, we summarize recent studies on classical and newer inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in humans and experimental models.
Chemical activation of MgH2; a new route to superior hydrogen storage materials (2005)

We report the discovery of a new, chemical route for 'activating' the hydrogen store MgH2, that results in highly effective hydrogen uptake/release characteristics, comparable to those obtained from mechanically-milled material.
Comparison between transmittance and reflectance measurements in glucose determination using near infrared spectroscopy (2006)

Glucose determination based on near-IR spectroscopy is investigated for reflectance and transmittance measurement. A wavelength range is 1100 to 2500 nm, which includes both the combination and overtone bands of glucose absorption. Intralipid solutions are used as samples, where glucose concentrations vary between 0 and 1000 mg/dl. Sample thickness for reflectance is 10 cm and 1- and 2-mm-thick samples are used for transmission. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) analyses are performed to predict glucose concentrations. The standard errors of calibration are comparable between reflectance and 2-mm-thick transmittance. The reflectance method is inferior to the transmittance method in terms of the standard errors of prediction. Loading vector analysis for reflectance does not show glucose absorption features. Reflected light may not have enough information of glucose since a major portion of detected light has a short optical path length. In addition, prediction becomes more dependent on medium scattering rather than glucose, compared with transmission measurement. Loading vectors obtained from a PLSR transmittance analysis have glucose absorption profiles. The 1-mm-thick samples give better results than the 2-mm-thick samples for both calibration and prediction models. The transmittance setup is recommended for noninvasive glucose monitoring.
Roadmap to vasculitis: a rheumatological treasure hunt (2007)

In the third part of this four part review, we already have the stop sign and our three road signs pointing to secondary vasculitides, pseudovasculitides and primary vasculitides behind our back and we have also passed the first milestone, where “patient history and physical examination” was written with large black block letters. GP can get far with simple blood, urine and stool tests and routine X-rays (second milestone). Almost all vasculitides of clinical significance are characterized by increased ESR and raised C-reactive protein levels and often also by normocytic normochromic anaemia, leucocytosis, eosinophilia and thrombocytosis. Urine test may demonstrate haematuria, proteinuria and cylindruria, X-ray of the paranasal cavities chronic sinusitis and chest X-ray shadowing and cavitations. Serological tests may disclose an unexpected hepatitis B or C or perhaps ANCA. The possibilities described form such a cornucopia that we need to have our patient history and physical examination right for the right picks. This is even more pertinent when we take to the sledgehammer in the referral centres (third milestone) and deal with the histopathology of vasculitides as hopefully seen in biopsies rather than autopsies or perform invasive radiology. High resolution colour Doppler ultrasound offers a useful, non-invasive method for the diagnosis and guidance of an eventual biopsy site in temporal arteritis and is helpful in the diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis and Kawasaki disease. Aortic arch, mesenteric, splanchnic or renal angiographies, MRI, contrast-enhanced CT, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and positron emission tomography are dealt with but require the right patient and the right “doctor decision maker” not to cause harm and to avoid waste of scant resources.
Is The Old Survey Order Passing? (1959)

The head of a private survey organization documents the great increase in polling, describes the dominance of non-academic political surveying, and lists important innovations. A second article will deal with the contrasts between the new private political research and university research, and will glance into the future.
Aggregate formation from 3-alkylindoles: amphiphilic models for interfacial helix anchoring groups (2000)

Indole can function as an amphiphile headgroup, but the counter-intuitive observation that 3-substituted indoles form less stable aggregates than the N-substituted isomers has been addressed by use of a Langmuir–Blodgett trough.
Stability Study of Nitrogen-Modified Carbon Composite Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (2009)

The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the nature of the active sites, the stability and degradation mechanism of nitrogen-modified carbon composite (NMCC) catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Two NMCC catalysts were synthesized using our previously reported method (ECS Transactions 11 (1) (2007) 241) at pyrolysis temperatures of 800 and 1100 oC, respectively. The catalyst pyrolized at 800 oC containing pyridinic nitrogen showed higher initial activity but much lower stability due to the protonation reaction in the acidic environment. The catalyst pyrolized at 1100 oC mainly containing graphitic (quaternary) nitrogen exhibited good long-term stability. The proposed nitrogen-modified active sites (pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen) for the non-precious metal catalysts can explain both the observed activity and stability of the catalysts.
Expression of scavenger receptor <scp>MARCO</scp> defines a targetable tumor‐associated macrophage subset in non‐small cell lung cancer (2018)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are attractive targets for immunotherapy. Recently, studies in animal models showed that treatment with an anti-TAM antibody directed against the scavenger receptor MARCO resulted in suppression of tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Here we investigated the expression of MARCO in relation to other macrophage markers and immune pathways in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort (n = 352). MARCO, CD68, CD163, MSR1 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and associations to other immune cells and regulatory pathways were studied in a subset of cases (n = 199) with available RNA-seq data. We observed a large variation in macrophage density between cases and a strong correlation between CD68 and CD163, suggesting that the majority of TAMs present in NSCLC exhibit a protumor phenotype. Correlation to clinical data only showed a weak trend toward worse survival for patients with high macrophage infiltration. Interestingly, MARCO was expressed on a distinct subpopulation of TAMs, which tended to aggregate in close proximity to tumor cell nests. On the transcriptomic level, we found a positive association between MARCO gene expression and general immune response pathways including strong links to immunosuppressive TAMs, T-cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules. Indeed, a higher macrophage infiltration was seen in tumors expressing PD-L1, and macrophages residing within tumor cell nests co-expressed MARCO and PD-L1. Thus, MARCO is a potential new immune target for anti-TAM treatment in a subset of NSCLC patients, possibly in combination with available immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Toward A Service Platform for Developing Smart Contracts on Blockchain in BDD and TDD Styles (2017)

In recent years, Blockchain technology has been highly valued, and the related applications have begun to be developed in large numbers. A smart contract is a software component encompass business logics and transactions that run on a blockchain. Thus, verifying whether the contract logics fully reflect the business requirements are one of the most important software engineering issues in blockchain application development. Currently, developing smart contracts is still a challenging task even for experienced programmers due to the lacking of an integrated tool for developing and testing. In response to this challenge, this paper presents a service platform that supports BDD-style (Behavior-Driven Development) smart contract development, testing, and deployment for the Ethereum-based blockchains. This platform focuses on providing and resolving the cross-cutting concerns across the life-cycle of smart contract development. The feasibility of this platform is shown by demonstrating how an application scenario, namely, loyalty points exchange, can be implemented using the proposed platform. Our experiences indicate that the burdens of developers when developing smart contracts can be effectively reduced and thus increases the quality of contracts.
Human linear B-cell epitopes encoded by the hepatitis E virus include determinants in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (1992)

Hepatitis E virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries. The nonenveloped virus is 27-34 nm in diameter and has been shown to contain a single-strand, positive-sense, polyadenylylated RNA genome of approximately 7.5 kilobases. The nucleotide sequence of the Burma strain of hepatitis E virus has been reported and three open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified. The deduced amino acid sequence from each of these ORFs was used to synthesize overlapping peptides (decamers overlapping at every fourth amino acid) on a solid phase. These peptides were then tested in an ELISA with pooled acute-phase sera from known cases of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis collected in the Sudan. Linear B-cell epitopes were identified in all three ORFs. Epitopes were identified throughout the polyprotein encoded by ORF1, but they appeared to be particularly concentrated in the region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Distinct epitopes were identified in the presumed structural protein encoded by ORF2, and one epitope was identified close to the carboxyl terminus of the protein encoded by ORF3. These data precisely pinpoint linear B-cell epitopes recognized by antibodies from patients with acute hepatitis E and identify an antibody response directed against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
A review of chemical composition and nutritional value of wild‐growing and cultivated mushrooms (2012)

Fruit bodies of about 200 mushroom species are consumed throughout the world, preferably as a delicacy. Knowledge of their chemical composition, nutritional value and health-promoting effects has expanded dynamically during the last few years. Dry matter (DM) is low: commonly about 100 g kg⁻¹ . The usual contents of protein, lipids and ash are 200-250, 20-30 and 80-120 g kg⁻¹ DM, respectively. Various carbohydrates form the remaining DM. Nevertheless, great variations occur both among and within species. Energy is low, usually 350-400 kcal kg⁻¹ of fresh fruit bodies. The nutritional contribution of mushroom protein derived from earlier data seems to be overestimated. Fat content is low with markedly prevailing in linoleic acid and oleic acid, while the proportion of n-3 fatty acids is nutritionally marginal. The main carbohydrates are chitin, glycogen, trehalose and mannitol. Information on fibre content and composition is limited. Health-promoting β-glucans are an auspicious group of polysaccharides. High potassium content is characteristic of mushrooms. Several species can accumulate very high levels of both detrimental trace elements, particularly cadmium and mercury, and radiocaesium isotopes if growing on heavily polluted substrates. Mushrooms seem to be a considerable source of ergosterol, provitamin D₂, and phenolids with antioxidative properties. Hundreds of flavour constituents have been identified, particularly with eight-carbon aliphatic chains. Data on changes of mushroom components under various preservation conditions and culinary treatments have been fragmentary. Even more limited is knowledge of nutrient bioavailability.
Analysing campus traffic using the meter-MIB (2002)

The University of Twente, which is the only campus university in the Netherlands, connects all students living on the campus via 100 Mbit/s switched Ethernet links to the campus network. This student network not only interconnects all students among themselves, but also provides, via a 300 Mbit/s link, access to other parts of the university network as well as the external Internet. Since the 300 Mbit/s link is a potential bottleneck, the university has defined a policy to limit the total amount of traffic a single student is allowed to exchange to 50 Gigabyte per week. To check if students do not exceed this limit, a number of interface MIB variables within the student’s access switches are monitored on a periodic base. Although monitoring these MIB variables is good enough to detect which students exchange more than 50 Gigabyte weekly, the approach fails to reliably determine which students are the top users of the potential bottleneck, which is the 300 Mbit/s link. The question has therefore been raised whether it would be feasible to directly measure all traffic on that link to precisely determine which student is using which portion of the link’s capacity and for what purpose (downloading information from the teaching departments, browsing the Internet etc.). Although NeTraMet, which is an implementation of the IETF’s meter MIB, would in theory be useable for such measurements, it was not clear whether it would be fast enough to analyse each packet on a 300 Mbit/s full-duplex link. This paper therefore discusses the experiments that have been performed to find the limits of Netramet, and investigate whether the tool would be useful to solve real management problems. In our experiments Netramet was running on a standard PC.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Star-Shaped Copolymers of ɛ-Caprolactone and Lactide. (2017)

In this paper, the focus is on a new kind of biodegradable semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, which is derived from ɛ-caprolactone, lactide, 1,4-butane diisocyanate and ethylenediamine and also its potential has been investigated in soft tissue engineering applications. The polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These experiments show that the polymers with the right composition and the expected molecular weight were achieved. Also, the in-vitro degradation of polymer network was examined in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Moreover, cell viability and adhesion tests were carried out with fibroblast cells by the MTT assay, which confirmed biocompatibility. Polyurethane materials have superior mechanical properties, so these biodegradable and biocompatible films demonstrate potential for future application as cell scaffolds in soft tissue engineering applications.
Engendering scientific pursuits: Australian women and science, 1880-1960 (2001)

Science is generally perceived as one of the most strongly gendered spheres within modern society. The perceived 'masculine' construction of scientific practice has been the focus of numerous overseas studies of women's historic absence from science. However, the experiences of Australian women scientists, in many ways, stand in stark contrast to this construction. Existing historical accounts of Australian science reveal little about women's participation in the field. It is perhaps surprising to find that, during the first half of this century, women were in fact studying science in quite high numbers. Indeed, few seem to have felt they were doing anything particularly unusual for a woman of their times and few would accept that their sex had any significant impact on their opportunities. This paper seeks to explore the specificities of Australian women's experiences in science, and to examine the influences which allowed then to feel such a sense of freedom within a supposedly highly gendered sphere.
Early Serodiagnosis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection of Pigs by Detection of Slow-Reacting and Complement-Requiring Neutralizing Antibodi. (1997)

In order to evaluate and enhance the sensitivity of the neutralization (NT) test for detecting antibody in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus, the effect of altered incubation conditions and complement use on neutralizing (NT) antibody titer were investigated. Higher NT antibody titers were consistently obtained by addition of 20% guinea pig fresh serum to virus-serum mixtures in NT tests. Furthermore, the complement-requiring NT antibody titer increased in many serum samples when the virus-serum mixtures, rather than being incubated at 37 degrees C for 60 min, were incubated first at 4 degrees C for 48 hr and then with a complement at 37 degrees C for 60 min. The slow-reacting and complement-requiring NT antibody was detected as early as 8 days post-inoculation. It was detected in sera collected at 8 to 28 days post-inoculation and was sensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. Sera collected at 35 to 44 days post-inoculation contained 2-mercaptoethanol resistant NT antibodies. These results indicate that the modified NT test is useful for early serodiagnosis of PRRS virus infection through detection of higher NT antibody titers, and in detecting them earlier.