gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences between Model-Driven Development of Service-Oriented and Microservice Architecture (2017)

Microservice Architecture (MSA) denotes a novel service-based architectural style with a strong focus on highly cohesive, loosely coupled services. A Microservice realizes a distinct architectural capability and exhibits a high degree of independence regarding development and operation. An alternative to MSA is the Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) style, which also leverages services as building blocks of distributed software systems. While MSA research is still formative, theoretical and practical aspects of SOA are being studied for more than a decade. Hence the question arises, in which areas and to what extent MSA research can draw on findings of SOA research. In this paper we address this question in the area of Model-driven Development (MDD), which has been intensively studied for SOA. Therefore, we identify conceptual and practical differences between SOA and MSA, and classify them on the basis of a hierarchical scheme. Starting from the identified differences we deduce implications on MDD of MSA and discuss them with respect to the existing body of knowledge of MDD of SOA. Hence, we provide an initial overview of differences between SOA and MSA, as well as implications in certain areas of MDD to consider when adapting service-oriented MDD to MSA.
<title>Secure robust digital image watermark</title> (1998)

Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging illicit copying and distribution of copyright material. This paper presents a new approach for the secure and robust copyright protection of digital images. The digital watermarks described in this paper are designed to be, as far as possible, invariant against image transformations such as rotation, translation, scaling and cropping. We concentrate especially on the desirable properties of the Fourier Transform and propose a novel technique based on an invisible template which allows us to reverse many of the effects of image processing on the digital watermark. Robustness of the watermark to operations such as lossy compression is achieved by using a perceptually adaptive spread spectrum communications approach, in which a spread spectrum signal is embedded in selected components of the magnitude spectrum of the image. The keys used to embed the spread spectrum signal are generated, certified, authenticated and securely distributed using a public key infrastructure containing an electronic copyright office and a certification authority. The security architecture used for this purpose is also outlined.
Wear of Polyethylene Cups in Total Hip Arthroplasty. A Study of Specimens Retrieved Post Mortem* (1996)

The wear of polyethylene components of total hip replacements has previously been studied radiographically and by analysis of retrieved components. The extent of wear, however, has largely been determined from components retrieved at reoperation and has therefore been based on a subset of patients in whom the prosthesis is more likely to show excessive wear. The study of cups retrieved post mortem provides a better indication of the extent of wear of well functioning components. Twenty-six polyethylene liners were retrieved at autopsy from nineteen patients, after a mean of ninety-one months (range, thirty-three to 206 months) in situ. Each component had articulated with a thirty-two-millimeter-diameter femoral head. The components were evaluated visually for evidence of polyethylene wear such as pitting, scratching, and burnishing. Additionally; a shadowgraph technique was used to examine molds of the inner surface of the liner to determine the direction and extent of wear. The mean extent of linear wear of the retrieved liners was 0.45 millimeter (range, 0.17 to 1.07 millimeters), and the mean rate of wear was 0.07 millimeter (range, 0.02 to 0.18 millimeter) per year. The mean volumetric wear was 245.3 cubic millimeters (range, 13.0 to 779.1 cubic millimeters), and the mean rate of volumetric wear was 39.8 cubic millimeters (range, 1.0 to 131.3 cubic millimeters) per year. The mean rate of wear for the twenty-six liners was 45 to 69 per cent less than the rates reported in the literature for polyethylene liners retrieved at reoperation. Examination of the articulating surface did not reveal gross evidence of surface failure such as delamination or fatigue cracks. In general, the surfaces were merely burnished and scratched. The rates of wear of press-fit, metal-backed liners were significantly higher than those of all-polyethylene cemented components (p < 0.05). Additionally, statistical analysis revealed no correlation between wear and the patient's age, weight, or gender; the duration of implantation; or the thickness of the polyethylene. These results indicate that wear of the polyethylene of well functioning hip replacements is not as excessive as reported previously.
Comparison of Growth and Recombinant Protein Expression in Two Different Insect Cell Lines in Attached and Suspension Culture (2001)

Culture conditions required for obtaining maximum recombinant protein concentrations from two cell lines, Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLBeta-Sf21-AE) and Trichoplusia ni (Tn 5Beta-1-4), were determined in this work. Conditions studied include mode of culture (suspended vs attached), agitation rates, inoculum sizes, cell concentration at the time of infection, and various serum-free media (SFM). Results were compared with the performance of attached cultures in TnM-FH with 10% fetal bovine serum. Growth rates in the different culture media tested were similar, but the cell numbers achieved (i.e., yield) improved 2 to 2.7-fold in SFM over cultures in TnM-FH. Agitation rates of 150-160 rpm were necessary for maximum growth of suspended Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells compared to 125-150 rpm for Sf-21 cells. An inoculum size of 5 x 10(5) cells/mL gave good growth rates and optimum biomass yields for both cell lines. Cultures of both cell lines were infected with viruses encoding for beta-galactosidase or human secreted alkaline phosphatase (seAP). Protein expression in TnM-FH in attached culture showed that Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells are 2-4.5 times more productive on a per cell basis than Sf-21 cells grown under similar conditions. Production of beta-galactosidase in Sf-21 cells increased 50% in suspension cultures with SFM compared to attached cultures in TnM-FH, but seAP expression was essentially unchanged by culture techniques. The Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells produced 2.6-4.4 and 2.7-3 times more beta-galactosidase and seAP, respectively, in SFM in suspension compared to Sf-21 cells. EX-CELL 401 and Sf900-II were formulated as optimized SFM for Sf cell lines. However, in Sf-21 cultures EX-CELL 400 performed better than the other two media, as it increased the beta-galactosidase yield up to 25%. Surprisingly, EX-CELL 401 was the best medium for the production of beta-galactosidase by Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells, resulting in 25% and 69% higher volumetric and specific yields, respectively, compared to EX-CELL 405 which was formulated for this specific cell line. These results show that even when culture media are designed for maximal growth of a specific cell line, other media may provide the best conditions for protein production.
Influences of Fiber Geometry on the Performance of Nonwoven Air Filters (1975)

The principal aim of this study was the evaluation of the influence of five fiber properties on the filtration performance of model nonwoven fabrics made from the fibers. Variables studied were cross-sectional shape, linear density, surface roughness, crimp, and staple length. Two levels of each were represented in a set of 32 polyester fiber samples. Non woven fabrics made from each of these were used to filter fly-ash particles from a stream of air using a test apparatus designed for the purpose. The relative filtration performances associated with a change in each fiber property were assessed from measurements of pressure drop across the filter, collection efficiency, and particle-size distribution. Sta tistical analysis showed that: 1) efficiency is improved by the use of trilobal rather than round cross-section fibers with no detrimental effect on drag; 2) efficiency and drag are both improved by the use of crimped rather than uncrimped fibers; and 3) efficiency is improved by the use of 3-denier rather than 6-denier fibers but at the cost of greater drag. Curves relating efficiency to particle size seem to indicate that rougher fibers are more efficient in removing finer particles. In general, emdency improvements imparted by changes in fiber geometry are especially pronounced for fine-particle filtra tion (∼2.5 microns).
Metabolism of Dietary and Microbial Vitamin B Family in the Regulation of Host Immunity (2019)

Vitamins are micronutrients that have physiological effects on various biological responses, including host immunity. Therefore, vitamin deficiency leads to increased risk of developing infectious, allergic, and inflammatory diseases. Since B vitamins are synthesized by plants, yeasts, and bacteria, but not by mammals, mammals must acquire B vitamins from dietary or microbial sources, such as the intestinal microbiota. Similarly, some intestinal bacteria are unable to synthesize B vitamins and must acquire them from the host diet or from other intestinal bacteria for their growth and survival. This suggests that the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota may affect host B vitamin usage and, by extension, host immunity. Here, we review the immunological functions of B vitamins and their metabolism by intestinal bacteria with respect to the control of host immunity.
Low-loss Kagome hollow-core fibers operating from the near- to the mid-IR (2017)

We report the fabrication and characterization of Kagome hollow-core antiresonant fibers, which combine low attenuation (as measured at ∼30 cm bend diameter) with a wide operating bandwidth and high modal purity. Record low attenuation values are reported: 12.3 dB/km, 13.9 dB/km, and 9.6 dB/km in three different fibers optimized for operation at 1 μm, 1.55 μm, and 2.5 μm, respectively. These fibers are excellent candidates for ultra-high power delivery at key laser wavelengths including 1.064 μm and 2.94 μm, as well as for applications in gas-based sensing and nonlinear optics.
Microelectronic Cooling by Enhanced Pool Boiling of a Dielectric Fluorocarbon Liquid (1989)

An experimental study of boiling heat transfer from a simulated microelectronic component immersed in a stagnant pool of the dielectric Fluorinert (FC-72) is presented. Various enhancement surfaces were attached to an electrically heated copper calorimeter bar having a vertically oriented heat transfer surface area of 12.7×12.7 mm2. A number of enhancement schemes aimed at a reduction of the incipience temperature overshoot were tested, employing various arrangements of fins, studs, grooves, and vapor-trapping cavities. Atmospheric pressure testing revealed a variation in the magnitude of boiling curve incipience temperature excursion as a function of both macro- and microcharacterization of the surface geometry and initial conditions (pressure and temperature history) prior to boiling. Increased incipience temperatures accompanied prolonged periods of nonboiling. It is assumed that this is due to vapor embryos within surface cavities collapsing to smaller radii. Large artificially created cavities (0.3 mm diameter) were found incapable of maintaining a stable vapor embryo for time periods greater than 10 min. In comparison to flat surfaces, low-profile surface geometries having a structure scale of the order of one bubble departure diameter resulted in significant enhancement of nucleate boiling while drilled surfaces had minimal effectiveness. Surface finish and artificial cavities had no effect on CHF, but levels of critical heat flux computed on base area were strongly dependent on macrogeometry, due in part to increased surface area.
Adeno-Associated Virus–Mediated Gene Therapy for Metabolic Myopathy (2013)

Metabolic myopathies are a diverse group of rare diseases in which impaired breakdown of stored energy leads to profound muscle dysfunction ranging from exercise intolerance to severe muscle wasting. Metabolic myopathies are largely caused by functional deficiency of a single gene and are generally subcategorized into three major types of metabolic disease: mitochondrial, lipid, or glycogen. Treatment varies greatly depending on the biochemical nature of the disease, and unfortunately no definitive treatments exist for metabolic myopathy. Since this group of diseases is inherited, gene therapy is being explored as an approach to personalized medical treatment. Adeno-associated virus-based vectors in particular have shown to be promising in the treatment of several forms of metabolic myopathy. This review will discuss the most recent advances in gene therapy efforts for the treatment of metabolic myopathies.
(+)-Bornyl p-Coumarate Extracted from Stem of Piper betle Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Melanoma Cells (2020)

(+)-Bornyl <i>p</i>-coumarate is an active substance that is abundant in the <i>Piper betle</i> stem and has been shown to possess bioactivity against bacteria and a strong antioxidative effect. In the current study, we examined the actions of (+)-bornyl <i>p</i>-coumarate against A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. The inhibition effects of (+)-bornyl <i>p</i>-coumarate on these cell lines were assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the underlying mechanisms were identified by immunostaining, flow cytometry and western blotting of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy. Our results demonstrated that (+)-bornyl <i>p</i>-coumarate inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating treatment induced apoptosis. In addition, western blotting revealed that the process is mediated by caspase-dependent pathways, release of cytochrome <i>C</i>, activation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad and caspase-3/-9) and suppression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1). Also, the upregulated expressions of <i>p</i>-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) after treatment indicated that (+)-bornyl <i>p</i>-coumarate caused apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, increased expressions of beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, p62, LC3-I and LC3-II proteins and suppression by autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), indicated that (+)-bornyl <i>p</i>-coumarate triggered autophagy in the melanoma cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that (+)-bornyl <i>p</i>-coumarate suppressed human melanoma cell growth and should be further investigated with regards to its potential use as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of human melanoma.
Multicenter phase 1 trial of intraventricular immunochemotherapy in recurrent CNS lymphoma (2012)

Phase I study showed that intraventricular rituximab plus methotrexate is feasible and active in the treatment of refractory CNS lymphoma.
Measuring the structural similarity of semistructured documents using entropy (2007)

We propose a technique for measuring the structural similarity of semistructured documents based on entropy. After extracting the structural information from two documents we use either Ziv-Lempel encoding or Ziv-Merhav crossparsing to determine the entropy and consequently the similarity between the documents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first true linear-time approach for evaluating structural similarity. In an experimental evaluation we demonstrate that the results of our algorithm in terms of clustering quality are on a par with or even better than existing approaches.
Corner stitching for L-shaped tiles (2002)

The corner-stitching technique proposed by J.K. Ousterhout (1984) is extended for rectangular objects in interactive VLSI layout editors to L-shaped objects, thus providing added flexibility in the design of VLSI circuits. It is shown theoretically that the authors' method for handling L-shaped objects is more space-efficient than an alternative method based on a direct application of the original corner-stitching method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Determinants of Regulated Exocytosis (2002)

Regulated exocytosis forms the basis for many intercellular signaling processes, for example, in hormone secretion or neurotransmitter release. During regulated exocytosis, the membrane of a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane in a tightly controlled reaction that is most often triggered by calcium. Recent advances have allowed major insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate regulated exocytosis. In the present review, we will briefly discuss two key features of regulated exocytosis that have been particularly well studied recently. First, we will examine the current understanding of the membrane fusion reaction that underlies regulated exocytosis and that is effected by SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) and munc18-like proteins similar to other membrane fusion reactions. Second, we will describe the role of the major candidates for the calcium sensors that trigger exocytosis, a protein family called synaptotagmins. Although our understanding of regulated exocytosis is as yet incomplete, the results from the studies of SNAREs, munc18s, and synaptotagmins have provided a molecular anchor for a more complete future description.
Phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) is an Excellent Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome in Prostate Cancer (2004)

We previously showed, by immunohistochemistry with phospho-specific antibodies, increased phosphorylation (activation) of Akt (Ser(473)) [phosphorylated Akt (pAkt)] in high-Gleason grade prostate cancer (Malik SN, et al., Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:1168-71). Elevation of pAkt was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (Thr(202)/Tyr(204)) [phosphorylated ERK (pERK)], indicative of inactivation. In this report, we determined whether increased pAkt and decreased pERK predicted clinical outcome. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure (detectable and rising PSA) versus PSA non-failure (undetectable PSA 5 years after prostatectomy) was used as a surrogate for clinical outcome. Prostate tumors from cases of PSA failure versus non-failure were stained for pAkt and pERK. A significant increase in mean pAkt staining (P < 0.001) in the PSA failures versus non-failures was seen based on the Wilcoxon signed ranks test [222.18 +/- 33.9 (n = 37) versus 108.79 +/- 104.57 (n = 16)]. Using the best-fitting multiple logistic regression equation, a 100-point increase in pAkt staining resulted in a 160% increase in the odds of being a PSA failure. There was decreased staining for pERK in PSA failures versus non-failures: a 100-point decrease resulted in an 80% increase in the odds of being a PSA failure. Each of these effects assumed the other biomarker was held constant. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for these two biomarkers predicting PSA failure was 0.84, indicating excellent discrimination between PSA failure and non-failure cases. These data indicate that increased pAkt, alone or together with decreased pERK, is an important predictor of probability of PSA failure. However, pERK alone was not a significant predictor of PSA failure.
Visual attention based on long-short term memory model for image caption generation (2017)

Image caption generation becomes a raising topic in computer vision and artificial intelligence. In order to solve the problem of stiff description, we intend to extract richer features using convolutional neural network (CNN). A neural and probabilistic framework has been proposed consequently which combines CNN with a special form of recurrent neural network (RNN) to produce an end-to-end image captioning. We use a model that takes advantage of word to vector to encode the variable length input into a fixed dimensional vector. Considering the description of the object in an image is not specific enough, we introduce an attention mechanism through visualization to show how the model is able to fix its gaze on salient objects. We validate our model on three benchmark datasets and get great performance by using standard evaluation metrics.
Current status of carbohydrate deficient transferrin, total serum sialic acid, sialic acid index of apolipoprotein J and serum β‐hexosaminidase as markers for alcohol consumption (2003)

These markers have the potential to be included in a combination of measurements to provide an accurate, more exact assessment of alcohol consumption in a variety of clinical and research settings.
양수의 결정현상과 전해질에 관하여 (1965)

Electrolyte determinations and crystallization tests were done in the amniotic fluid of 26 normal parturients. The following results were obtained: 1) Mean amniotic fluid sodium ion concentration was 137.5 +/- 10.75 mEq. perliter. 2) Mean potassium ion concentration was 5.17 +/- 0.84 mEq. per liter. 3) Arborization phenomena were observed in the dry smears of all cases.
Depletion Performance of Layered Reservoirs Without Crossflow (1990)

Summary This paper presents a study of the rate/time and pressure/cumulative-production depletion performance of a two-layered gas reservoir producing without crossflow. The gas reservoir has produced for more than 20 years at an effectively constant wellbore pressure, thus giving continuously declining rate/time and pressure/cumulative-production data for analysis. The field data demonstrate that Arps depletion-decline exponents between 0.5 and 1 can be obtained with a no-crossflow, layered reservoir description. Rate-vs.-time and pressure-vs.-cumulative-production predictions were developed from both 2D numerical and simplified tank models of a two-layered, no-crossflow system. These results demonstrate the effects of changes in reservoir layer volumes, permeability, and skin on the depletion performance.
Holographic recording in bismuth tellurite using nanosecond laser pulses (2005)

Bismuth tellurite, Bi2TeO5, is a promising photorefractive material for holographic data storage. Due to its self Exing capabilities, recorded volume holograms do not require any further Ϸxing. Thereby bismuth tellurite accomplishes non-volatile readout of holograms without additional system technology and overcomes an crucial drawback of other inorganic storage materials. Another typical shortcoming of holographic data storage in inorganic crystals using cw laser beams are the long medial writing times. Consequently, in this article the characteristics of recording two dimensional data pages in undoped bismuth tellurite crystals are studied when using a pulsed laser at 532 nm with pulse durations in the nanosecond time scale. Build-up, decay and diffraction ef Ϸciency of the photorefractive gratings are examined under pulse excitation. Additionally, the quality and durability of recorded digital data pages are investigated and compared to those recorded into iron doped lithium niobate.