gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power-efficient sensor placement and transmission structure for data gathering under distortion constraints (2006)

We consider the joint optimization of sensor placement and transmission structure for data gathering, where a given number of nodes need to be placed in a field such that the sensed data can be reconstructed at a sink within specified distortion bounds while minimizing the energy consumed for communication. We assume that the nodes use either joint entropy coding based on explicit communication between sensor nodes, where coding is done when side information is available, or Slepian-Wolf coding where nodes have knowledge of network correlation statistics. We consider both maximum and average distortion bounds. We prove that this optimization is NP-complete since it involves an interplay between the spaces of possible transmission structures given radio reachability limitations, and feasible placements satisfying distortion bounds.We address this problem by first looking at the simplified problem of optimal placement in the one-dimensional case. An analytical solution is derived for the case when there is a simple aggregation scheme, and numerical results are provided for the cases when joint entropy encoding is used. We use the insight from our 1-D analysis to extend our results to the 2-D case and compare it to typical uniform random placement and shortest-path tree. Our algorithm for two-dimensional placement and transmission structure provides two to three fold reduction in total power consumption and between one to two orders of magnitude reduction in bottleneck power consumption. We perform an exhaustive performance analysis of our scheme under varying correlation models and model parameters and demonstrate that the performance improvement is typical over a range of data correlation models and parameters. We also study the impact of performing computationally-efficient data conditioning over a local scope rather than the entire network. Finally, we extend our explicit placement results to a randomized placement scheme and show that such a scheme can be effective when deployment does not permit exact node placement.
What is the most appropriate clinical target volume for glioblastoma? (2013)

Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain tumors in adults and the prognosis is very poor. The standard treatment is gross total resection and postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Given its propensity to spread to areas of brain parenchyma surrounding the gross tumor volume (GTV), a generous margin is typically created around the GTV. Peritumoral edema is frequently included in the GTV, especially in the USA. The margin of expansion from GTV to clinical target volume also varies widely among different institutions. There is a lack of consensus as to what constitutes the most appropriate clinical target volume for glioblastoma.
Volatile organic compounds in indoor air: A review of concentrations measured in North America since 1990 (2003)

Central tendency and upper limit concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in indoor air are summarized and reviewed. Data were obtained from published cross-sectional studies of residential and office buildings conducted in North America from 1990 through the present. VOC concentrations in existing residences reported in 12 studies comprise the majority of the data set. Central tendency and maximum concentrations are compared between new and existing residences and between existing residences and office buildings. Historical changes in indoor VOC concentrations since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 are explored by comparing the current data set with two published reviews of previous data obtained primarily in the 1980s. These historical comparisons suggest average indoor concentrations of some toxic air contaminants, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane have decreased.
Structural information as a quality metric in software systems organization (1997)

Proposes a metric for expressing the entropy of a software system and for assessing the quality of its organization from the perspective of impact analysis. The metric is called “structural information” and is based on a model dependency descriptor. The metric is characterized by its independence from the method of building the system and the architectural styles which represent it at the various levels of abstraction. It takes into account both the structure of the components at all levels of abstraction and the structure derived from the links between the different levels of abstraction. The use of this metric makes it possible to monitor changes in the quality levels of the system during its life-cycle and to determine which level of documentation is causing the degradation of the system. This enables adopting timely measures to counter any drop in the quality of a system due to poorly-performed maintenance. In addition, the metric can serve to check that perfective maintenance objectives are attained
Challenges of Domain-Driven Microservice Design: A Model-Driven Perspective (2018)

Domain-driven design (DDD) is a model-driven methodology to capture relevant domain knowledge for software design. It provides the means to isolate domain concepts and identify concept relationships. This makes DDD particularly appropriate for designing microservice architectures, because functional microservices focus on realizing distinct business capabilities. This article explores the challenges of domain-driven microservice design and presents ways to cope with them based on model-driven development.
Removal of GaAs surface contaminants using H2 electron cyclotron resonance plasma treatment followed by Cl2 chemical etching (1993)

We report a novel dry process to remove the surface contaminants C, Si, and O from GaAs substrates. This method utilizes an electron cyclotron resonance hydrogen plasma to remove the native oxides, followed by a very brief Cl2 chemical etching of GaAs to further reduce C and Si residues, and a final vacuum anneal. Characterization by secondary ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) typically reveals the removal of C, Si, and O at the overgrown/processed interface to the levels below the SIMS detection limit. The as-processed GaAs surface, a Ga-stabilized reconstructed (4×6), is atomically smooth, and is as clean as a surface of freshly grown GaAs epilayers.
Computer-assisted de-identification of free text in the MIMIC II database (2005)

Medical researchers are legally required to protect patients' privacy by removing personally identifiable information from medical records before sharing the data with other researchers. We present an evaluation of methods for computer-assisted removal and replacement of protected health information (PHI) from free-text nursing notes collected in the intensive care unit as part of the MIMIC II project. A semiautomated method was developed to allow clinicians to highlight PHI on the screen of a tablet PC and to compare and combine the selections of different experts reading the same notes. An analysis of the performance of three human expert de-identifiers and of an automated system is presented. Expert adjudication demonstrated that inter-human variability was high, with few false positives and many false negatives. The sensitivity of human experts working alone ranged from 0.63 to 0.93, with an average of 0.81, and the average positive predictive value was 0.98. An algorithm generated few false negatives but many false positives. Its sensitivity was 0.85, but its positive predictive value was only 0.37. The de-identified database of nursing notes was re-identified with realistic surrogate (but unprotected) dates, serial numbers, names, and phrases to provide a gold standard database of over 2600 notes (approximately 340,000 words) with over 1700 instances of PHI. This reference gold standard database of nursing notes and the Java source code used to evaluate algorithm performance will be made freely available on Physionet in order to facilitate the development and validation of future de-identification algorithms.
Determining Inorganic Disinfection By‐products by Ion Chromatography (1990)

Disinfection by‐products will soon be regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency under the 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. Because of its sensitivity and precision, ion chromatography is a good choice for analyzing by‐products of chlorine dioxide and ozone, i.e., chlorite, chlorate, and bromate, as well as several other anions.
Progress and outlook for MRAM technology (1999)

Each of the existing high volume semiconductor memory technologies has important advantages as well as some shortcomings. For example, SRAM has fast read and write speeds, hut it is volatile and requires large cell areas. DRAM has high density with moderate read/write speeds, however it is also volatile and quires periodic refresh of the storage capacitor. FLASH is a nonvolatile technology that has high density and can endure unlimited read but has serious.
A software architecture for physical layer wireless network emulation (2006)

Despite their widespread deployment, many aspects of wireless network performance are poorly understood, and there is great room from improvement in wireless network reliability and performance. A key obstacle to understanding and improving wireless networks has been the lack of a realistic yet flexible experimental methodology. Physical layer wireless network emulation promises to achieve much of the flexibility of wireless simulators while maintaining much of the realism of real wireless networks. We have developed a software architecture that tames the complexity of physical layer wireless network emulation, and presents users with a powerful yet ease-to-use interface. We present several case studies showing how this software architecture allows complex wireless experiments to be conducted in an efficient manner while still enabling novice users to quickly run simple experiments.
Cryptanalysis of new modified Lu-Lee cryptosystems (1990)

A polynomial time probabilistic algorithm which can break up the new modified Lu-Lee cryptosystems presented by Duan and Lian is proposed.
From the Lab to the Desert: Fast Prototyping and Learning of Robot Locomotion (2017)

We present a methodology for fast prototyping of morphologies and controllers for robot locomotion. Going beyond simulation-based approaches, we argue that the form and function of a robot, as well as their interplay with realworld environmental conditions are critical. Hence, fast design and learning cycles are necessary to adapt robot shape and behavior to their environment. To this end, we present a combination of laminate robot manufacturing and sampleefficient reinforcement learning. We leverage this methodology to conduct an extensive robot learning experiment. Inspired by locomotion in sea turtles, we design a low-cost crawling robot with variable, interchangeable fins. Learning is performed using both bio-inspired and original fin designs in an artificial indoor environment as well as a natural environment in the Arizona desert. The findings of this study show that static policies developed in the laboratory do not translate to effective locomotion strategies in natural environments. In contrast to that, sample-efficient reinforcement learning can help to rapidly accommodate changes in the environment or the robot.
Analysis of Intracranial Pressure (2013)

The monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important tool in medicine for its ability to portray the brain's compliance status. The bedside monitor displays the ICP waveform and intermittent mean values to guide physicians in the management of patients, particularly those having sustained a traumatic brain injury. Researchers in the fields of engineering and physics have investigated various mathematical analysis techniques applicable to the waveform in order to extract additional diagnostic and prognostic information, although they largely remain limited to research applications. The purpose of this review is to present the current techniques used to monitor and interpret ICP and explore the potential of using advanced mathematical techniques to provide information about system perturbations from states of homeostasis. We discuss the limits of each proposed technique and we propose that nonlinear analysis could be a reliable approach to describe ICP signals over time, with the fractal dimension as a potential predictive clinically meaningful biomarker. Our goal is to stimulate translational research that can move modern analysis of ICP using these techniques into widespread practical use, and to investigate to the clinical utility of a tool capable of simplifying multiple variables obtained from various sensors.
Thermal stability of small He-vacancy clusters in 316L stainless steelirradiated with 2.5 MeV He+ ions at 550 degrees C (1998)

In this work, temperature-variation irradiations were performed with In this work, temperature-variation irradiations were performed with
Single radial-mode lasing in a submicron-thickness spherical shell microlaser (2007)

The authors have investigated whispering-gallery mode (WGM) lasing characteristics in a submicron-thickness spherical shell microlaser. The dielectric shell region was doped with dye molecules at a low concentration so as to provide a gain for lasing as well as to confine WGM’s tightly. Lasing in the lowest-mode-order WGM with a quality factor as high as 107 was observed.
Dielectric characterisation of soil (1998)

The potential of dielectric measuring techniques for soil characterisation has not been fully explored. This is attributed to the complex and incomplete theory on dielectrics, as well as to the lack of sensors suited for practical applications.The theory on dielectric properties of soils is described, evaluated, and expanded. Colloidal polarisation of soil particles appears to be negligible. The polarisability of air bubbles in the soil matrix is made plausible. The Maxwell-Wagner effect is expressed in the form of a Debye function. A soil texture parameter is introduced that can be derived from dielectric measurements at three frequencies. Newly derived are a relationship between the soil water matric pressure and the dielectric relaxation frequency, a dielectric mixture equation with depolarisation factors that account for electromagnetic field refractions at the boundary between two soil materials, and a model to predict permittivity versus frequency from soil porosity, water content, and matric pressure.A model of sensors for Frequency Domain (FD) measurements as well as for Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is described. An integrated circuit (ASIC) has been developed that is based on synchronous detection and is intended for practical low-cost dielectric sensors. Algorithms correct for phase errors, parasitic impedances of the ASIC and electrical length of electrodes and wiring. These elements are incorporated in a new FD sensor, operated at 20 MHz.The new theory is tested in different ways using the new FD sensor and TDR. Calibration curves of water content versus electrical permittivity of different soil types compare reasonably well with predicted curves. The Maxwell-Wagner effect increases with increasing water content and specific surface area. The electrical conductivity of the extracted soil solution can be determined by simultaneous measurements of the electrical permittivity and bulk conductivity. This method proved accurate for glass beads and for most tested soils. Soil layers polluted with chlorinated solvents or oil are detected by measuring the same parameters as function of depth. The frequency dependence of the bulk electrical conductivity, attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner effect, is analysed by measurements at three frequencies.Hydrating concrete is shown to simulates the dielectric behaviour of soils of different textures. Its dielectric spectrum from 10 MHz to I GHz illustrates the effect of water binding (> 100 MHz) and the Maxwell-Wagner effect (< 100 MHz). Around 100 MHz concrete exhibits only small changes of the dielectric properties; this is known to occur also for soils of different textures. The compressive strength of concrete appears to be predictable from the electrical permittivity at 20 MHz, due to the Maxwell-Wagner effect.Due to the simplification to apply a single sine wave rather than a pulse or step function, existing theory is inadequate to correct TDR measurements of water content for the effect of electrical conductivity. TDR electrical conductivity measurements are found to be low-frequency (< 3 MHz) measurements.
Hierarchical search strategy for the detection of gravitational waves from coalescing binaries: Extension to post-Newtonian waveforms (1998)

The detection of gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries would be a computationally intensive process if a single bank of template wave forms (one step search) is used. In an earlier paper we presented a detection strategy, called a two step search, that utilizes a hierarchy of template banks. It was shown that in the simple case of a family of Newtonian signals, an on-line two step search was $\ensuremath{\simeq}8$ times faster than an on-line one step search (for the initial LIGO). In this paper we extend the two step search to the more realistic case of zero spin ${\mathrm{post}}^{1.5}$-Newtonian wave forms. We also present formulas for detection and false alarm probabilities which take statistical correlations into account. We find that for the case of a ${\mathrm{post}}^{1.5}$-Newtonian family of templates and signals, an on-line two step search requires $\ensuremath{\sim}1/21$ the computing power that would be required for the corresponding on-line one step search. This reduction is achieved when signals having a strength $S=10.34$ are required to be detected with a probability of 0.95, at an average of one false event per year, and the noise power spectral density used is that of the advanced LIGO. For the initial LIGO, the reduction achieved in computing power is $\ensuremath{\sim}1/27$ for $S=9.98$ and the same probabilities for detection and false alarm as above. The increase in the efficacy of a two step search in the ${\mathrm{post}}^{1.5}$-Newtonian case comes about chiefly because of an increase in the number of signal parameters since the ${\mathrm{post}}^{1.5}$-Newtonian signal depends on the binary masses ${m}_{1}$ and ${m}_{2}$ separately unlike the Newtonian case where only a combination of these masses enters the signal parametrization. The shift to ${\mathrm{post}}^{1.5}$-Newtonian signals also gives rise to some new problems which are not encountered in the analysis of Newtonian wave forms. We describe these problems and take them into account in our analysis.
Determination of the final temperature-rise of electrical machines from heating tests of short duration (1930)

If the heating curve of a coil or a machine were exponential the final temperature-rise could be calculated from the initial portion of the curve and the heating test thereby shortened. A large number of heating curves have been examined, and it is found that the final temperature, as calculated from the rate of increase of resistance, is always less than—often considerably less than—the actual value. The greater part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the influence upon the shape of the curve, and thereby upon the ratio of the calculated to the actual rise, of such factors as the variation of (a) speed, (b)power generated in winding, (c)the temperature-rise per watt as affected by radiation and natural convection, (d)thermal conductivity, (e)specific heat, (f)point of maximum temperature and (g) heating time-constant.
Chronic inflammation as a determinant of future aging phenotypes (2013)

Chronic inflammation, as ascertained by repeat measurements, was associated with a range of unhealthy aging phenotypes and a decreased likelihood of successful aging. Our results suggest that assessing long-term chronic inflammation by repeat measurement of interleukin-6 has the potential to guide clinical practice.
Ceramic Systems and Eastern Archaeology (1960)

Abstract The system of ceramic taxonomy presented by Phillips for use in the Southeast is considered to be too formal and rigid. While it attempts to serve the same functions as the currently used concepts of type and variety, the proposed new system would be considerably more complex in its application. The ceramic type, as currently defined and used, is well adapted for establishing skeletal chronicle. Any modification would lessen its usefulness. A greater emphasis on including descriptive classes in reports is offered as more valuable than the adoption of a formal taxonomy. The content of the classes cannot be determined prior to description, whereas the formal taxonomy prescribes the content of each taxonomic unit. These classes would increase the utility of sherd collections by making available data which can be applied to problems, such as those of process, for which neither the type nor the proposed new varieties are suitable.
Frequency Stability Requirements for Narrow Band Receivers (2001)

Very-narrow-band Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers have recently been proposed in order to help mitigate the effects of scintillation. This paper will revisit the stability requirements placed on the local oscillator of such receivers.
Stable Expression of the Wild-Type <i>p53</i> Gene in Human Lung Cancer Cells after Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer (1993)

A retroviral vector-mediated system was established to allow efficient transduction of the wild-type p53 gene into human lung cancer cell lines H358a (deleted p53) and H322a (mutant p53). LNSX/p53 constructs incorporating p53 cDNA driven by a beta-actin promoter mediated stable integration of p53. p53 mRNA and protein were detected in these cell lines 6 months after transduction by Northern and Western blot analyses. Restoration of the wild-type p53 gene suppressed growth in the two transduced cell lines but had no effect in another transduced tumor cell line, H460a, which has an endogenous wild-type p53 gene. A high transduction efficiency was obtained in cell lines H460a, H322a, and H358a after five cycles of transduction in vitro. Mixing experiments showed that transduced cells could reduce the growth rate of nontransduced cells; this reduction may have been mediated by factors shed into the supernatant of the transduced cell cultures.
Bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride: a new broad-spectrum deoxofluorinating agent with enhanced thermal stability (1999)

Bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (Deoxo-FluorTM) is effective for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl fluorides, aldehydes/ketones to the corresponding gem-difluorides and also for the transformation of carboxylic acids to their trifluoromethyl derivatives; it is a less thermally sensitive, broader-spectrum alternative to the traditional dialkylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) deoxofluorination reagents.
A Role for Cathepsin L and Cathepsin S in Peptide Generation for MHC Class II Presentation (2002)

The enzymes that degrade proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules are poorly understood. The cysteinal lysosomal proteases, cathepsin L (CL) and cathepsin S (CS), have been shown to process invariant chain, thereby facilitating MHC class II maturation. However, their role in Ag processing is not established. To examine this issue, we generated embryonic fibroblast lines that express CL, CS, or neither. Expression of CL or CS mediates efficient degradation of invariant chain as expected. Ag presentation was evaluated using T cell hybridoma assays as well as mass spectroscopic analysis of peptides eluted from MHC class II molecules. Interestingly, we found that the majority of peptides are presented regardless of CL or CS expression, although these proteases often alter the relative levels of the peptides. However, for a subset of Ags, epitope generation is critically regulated by CL or CS. This result suggests that these cysteinal proteases participate in Ag processing and generate qualitative and quantitative differences in the peptide repertoires displayed by MHC class II molecules.