gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Light at the End of the Tunnel Junction - Improving the Energy Resolution of UV Single-Photon Spectrometers using Diffusion Engineering (2007)

We present experimental results which test whether diffusion engineering can increase the energy resolution of a single-photon superconducting tunnel-junction spectrometer. When a UV photon is absorbed in superconducting Al, it creates an excess number of quasiparticles. If the superconducting absorber is the electrode of a tunnel junction, the quasiparticles tunnel across the voltage-biased junction. The collected charge is proportional to the number of excess quasiparticles. For small energy photons, the initiallycreated charge can be amplified by backtunnelling. The quasiparticles confined around the junction can backtunnel as holes after tunnelling, doubling the output charge, and then tunnel again. The charge multiplication is proportional to the confinement time. When the counterelectrode is terminated with a long, narrow lead, the quasiparticles diffuse out on a time scale set by the dimensions of the leads and of the electrodes, and the diffusion constant of the material. We show how the charge created by the photon varies with the purity of the Al film and with different lead geometries. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions of our model. We achieve an energy resolving power of 3 for a photon energy of 3.68 eV. Further investigation of losses in our materials should improve the energy resolution of our diffusion-engineered devices.
Perfluorochemical augmented rhSOD delivery attenuates inflammation in the immature lung (2008)

Perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids have been shown to support lung function, uniformly distribute rhSOD and attenuate biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation in a juvenile model of acute lung injury. The impact of this approach on injury in the immature lung has not been evaluated. To test the hypothesis that intratracheal PFC augmented rhSOD delivery will attenuate lung injury, preterm lambs (n = 18; 123.4 ± 1.4 days gestation) were ventilated, and surfactant-treated. Lambs were then randomized to receive intratracheal rhSOD (5 mg/kg) in saline (n = 6) or PFC (n = 6), PFC (n = 3), or surfactant alone (n = 3) and studied for 4 hours. Cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored; lung IL-1β, IL-8, myeloperoxidase, SOD activity, lipid peroxidation, and lung morphology were assessed. Following surfactant treatment, oxygenation improved and remained stable in all groups. Compared to delivery in saline, PFC suspensions significantly increased the lung expansion index and SOD activity and reduced lung IL-1β, IL-8, myeloperoxidase, and isoprostane concentrations. These data demonstrate that PFC augmented rhSOD delivery attenuates inflammation in surfactant-treated immature lungs as compared to delivery in saline. We speculate that this enhanced protection may be related to PFC liquid facilitating rhSOD distribution and the mechanoprotective and cytoprotective properties of PFC liquids.
Relationship between the Molecular Size of Poly I·Poly C and Its Biological Activity1 (1976)

Seven polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I-poly C) preparations, ranging from 4.2 S to 21.2 S, prepared from various sizes of polyinosinate and polycytidylate, were examined for toxicity and interferon-inducing activity in mice. The increase in size of poly I-poly C was accompanied by increases both in the maximal amount of interferon produced and in the length of persistence of a high level of interferon in plasma. Toxicity of poly I-poly C was proportional to the molecular size within the range of 8 S to 16 S. The amount of interferon induced by 1/5 LD50 of poly I-poly C depended on the size of the inducer, being increasingly lower with progressively smaller sizes. Next, activities of poly I-poly C in culture cells were examined. The resistance-inducing activity of poly I-poly C in primary chick embryo cells (CEC) increased with the size of the inducer (4.2 S to 11.6 S), whereas the activity in L cells was not so markedly dependent upon its molecular size as in CEC. In the presence of calf serum during induction of resistance the activity was lowered. The activities of preparations with small molecular sizes were affected by calf serum more markedly than those of large molecular sizes. The interferon-inducing activity in RK13 was not appreciably influenced by the size of poly I-poly C, especially in the presence of DEAE-dextran, while the activity in L cells was markedly dependent upon the size of the inducer. These results suggest that the influence of the molecular size of poly I-poly C upon the resistance-inducing and interferon-inducing activities varies among different kinds of cells, and alters in the presence of serum or DEAE-dextran.
A Multiple Perspective Interactive Video Architecture for VSAM (1998)

MPI-Video is a technique that gathers information from a multitude of sensors and integrates them in a comprehensive three dimensional environment model. In this paper we present a brief overview of MPI-Video, and of its application to surveillance and monitoring problems. 1 Introduction MPI-Video (Multiple Perspective Interactive Video) is a technique for gathering information from a multitude of sensors in a given environment, and integrating it into a coherent and comprehensive Environment Model (EM). MPI-Video was developed at the Visual Computing Laboratory at UCSD as a tool for integrating data from di#erent cameras, and is being pursued both as a research topic and as a commercial opportunity [6]. MPI-Video addresses two classes of research issues, both interesting and challenging. First, there is the problem of building the EM. This includes traditional problems of sensor fusion [2], image and video understanding, as well as new challenges integrating data from sensors as d...
Narrowing the Gap: The Aboriginal Education Priority (2007)

The report of the Northern Territory Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sex Abuse focused the attention on the problems of Aboriginal people. The greatest challenge is the extreme economic and social disadvantage experienced by many Aboriginal families in the Sydney.
A Prototype System Developed for Digital Rights Management in Electronic Commerce (2004)

ABSTRACT The Internet provides a new way of doing business, but ease of copying and of sharing valuable digital information illegally across the Internet undermines many viable business models. This paper investigates Digital Rights Management (DRM) as a means to provide safe protection and proper delivery of digital contents through the Information highway. First, we briefly summarize the current endeavor of DRM technical development and its standardization process in key technical working groups. Then, the paper provides a generic architecture for a DRM framework and shows the implementation of a prototype DRM system incorporating key conceptual and technical standardization development. This study emphasizes the importance of developing the DRM architecture that provides the proper protection and safe transformation of digital contents in electronic commerce.
Cloning, expression and wounding induction of -caryophyllene synthase gene from Mikania micrantha H.B.K. and allelopathic potential of -caryophyllene (2009)

�-Caryophyllene is an important volatile sesquiterpene of plants that may serve as allelochemical to influence the neighboring plant growth or as an indirect defence to attract natural herbivore enemies. A partial cDNA for �-caryophyllene synthase gene was isolated from the expressed sequence tag (EST) library of Mikania micrantha leaves. The full length cDNA of �-caryophyllene synthase from M. micrantha , designated as MmCS was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. This MmCS cDNA is 1898 bp in full length and it encodes a putative protein of 547 amino acids. MmCS expression was significantly increased in M. micrantha leaves within 3-days after wounding during a 5-day interval following mechanical wounding. Bioassay showed that �-caryophyllene at � 3 mg L -1 significantly inhibited the germination rates and seedling growth of Brassica campestris and Raphanus sativus . These results suggest that �-caryophyllene synthase and �-caryophyllene may play an important role in allelopathy for successful invasion of M. micrantha .
Power GaAs MESFETs with a Graded Recess Structure (1980)

A new recess structure called a graded recess structure was developed to improve the performance of power GaAs MESFETs. The investigation on the light emission from the device confirmed that the anomalous electric field outside the gate region was eliminated by the graded recess structure. Due to the elimination of the anomalous field, the drain and the gate breakdown voltages were improved. The linear gain and the output power of the devices were resultantly improved by 1–2dB, and the output powers of 15 W (4 dB gain) and 4.3 W (3 dB gain) were obtained at 6 and 11 GHz band, respectively.
Deficits in the activity of presynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptors contribute to altered neuronal excitability in fragile X syndrome (2017)

The behavioral and anatomical deficits seen in fragile X syndrome (FXS) are widely believed to result from imbalances in the relative strengths of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Although modified neuronal excitability is thought to be of significance, the contribution that alterations in GABAergic inhibition play in the pathophysiology of FXS are ill defined. Slow sustained neuronal inhibition is mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA<sub>B</sub>) receptors, which are heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors constructed from R1a and R2 or R1b and R2 subunits. Via the activation of G<sub>i/o</sub>, they limit cAMP accumulation, diminish neurotransmitter release, and induce neuronal hyperpolarization. Here we reveal that selective deficits in R1a subunit expression are seen in Fmr1 knock-out mice (KO) mice, a widely used animal model of FXS, but the levels of the respective mRNAs were unaffected. Similar trends of R1a expression were seen in a subset of FXS patients. GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors (GABA<sub>B</sub>Rs) exert powerful pre- and postsynaptic inhibitory effects on neurotransmission. R1a-containing GABA<sub>B</sub>Rs are believed to mediate presynaptic inhibition in principal neurons. In accordance with this result, deficits in the ability of GABA<sub>B</sub>Rs to suppress glutamate release were seen in Fmr1-KO mice. In contrast, the ability of GABA<sub>B</sub>Rs to suppress GABA release and induce postsynaptic hyperpolarization was unaffected. Significantly, this deficit contributes to the pathophysiology of FXS as the GABA<sub>B</sub>R agonist (<i>R</i>)-baclofen rescued the imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission evident in Fmr1-KO mice. Collectively, our results provided evidence that selective deficits in the activity of presynaptic GABA<sub>B</sub>Rs contribute to the pathophysiology of FXS.
PREOPERATIVE CORTISONE FOR VAGINAL FISTULAS (1957)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine and the Tulane Unit, Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans
Designing an effective vibration-based notification interface for mobile phones (2013)

We conducted an experiment to understand how mobile phone users perceive the urgency of ten simple vibration alerts that were created from four basic signals: short on, short off, long on, and long off. The short and long signals correspond to 200 ms and 600 ms, respectively. To convey the level of urgency of notifications and help users prioritize them, the design of mobile phone vibration alerts should consider that the gap length preceding or succeeding a signal, the number of gaps in the vibration pattern, and the vibration's duration affect an alert's perceived level of urgency. Our study specifically shows that shorter gap lengths between vibrations (200 ms vs. 600 ms), a vibration pattern with one gap instead of two, and shorter vibration all contribute to making the user perceive the alert as more urgent.
The monopoly system in Taipa and Coloane in the late Qing dynasty (2014)

晚清氹仔、路環專營承充制度及其影響\n摘要：專營承充制度是近代澳門的一項重要經濟制度，對政府財政、城市發展和居民生活都產生了重大影響。本文利用《澳門憲報》等史料，集中對晚清氹仔、路環的博彩、鴉片、火藥、硫磺、鹽、豬肉、魚、火水、養蠔等種類的專營承充做了一個粗線條的勾勒，並對其產生的影響做了簡要分析。
“In Vivo” Detection of <scp>l</scp> -Arabinose-Binding Protein, CRM-Negative Mutants (1971)

An "in vivo" assay for the detection of mutants negative to CRM (cross-reacting material) is described. l-Arabinose-negative mutants of Escherichia coli B/r were grown on Casamino Acids-l-arabinose plates to which a 3-ml agar layer, containing antiserum to the l-arabinose-binding protein (ABP), had been applied. After incubation and partial lysis of the clones "in situ," the plates were refrigerated for 36 hr, rinsed of colonial growth with water, and observed for the presence or absence of an immune precipitation. ABP-minus and l-arabinose regulator (araC)-minus mutants do not produce a precipitin reaction. l-Arabinose isomeraseless (EC 5.3.1.4; araA), kinaseless (EC 2.7.1.16; araB), and epimeraseless (EC 5.1.3.a; araD) mutants produce precipitin reactions. Mutants of E. coli B/r generated by treatment of the wild type with ethyl methane sulfonate or ultraviolet irradiation were isolated, tested for l-arabinose uptake, and screened for the presence or absence of ABP by the described assay. The applications of such an assay are discussed.
<i>Lactobacillus iners</i> : a Marker of Changes in the Vaginal Flora? (2007)

Lactobacillus iners seems to be a species of lactobacilli occurring in the human vagina that deserves close scrutiny, as it was not found in earlier studies due to its peculiar culture requirements but is now discussed as one of the normal vaginal bacteria ([1][1], [4][2]). Following up on the
Phosphomolybdic acid as a reoxidant in the palladium(II)-catalysed oxidation of but-1-ene to butan-2-one (1984)

Phosphomolybdic and a variety of phosphomolybdovanadic acids were examined as reoxidants for the palladium sulphate-catalysed oxidation of but-1-ene to butan-2-one both in the absence and the presence of oxygen. All of these co-oxidants were approximately equally effective in reoxidising Pd0 to PdII but they varied substantially in their ability to be reoxidised themselves by air under the optimum reaction conditions in aqueous acid. Phosphomolybdovanadate systems were the most effective at a pH > 0, but VIV by itself could not be reoxidised by air under these conditions and therefore the molybdenum must play a vital role. Phosphomolybdic acid, H3[PMo12O40], itself was quite a good co-oxidant under more acid conditions (1 mol dm–3 sulphuric), but 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy showed that in dilute solution it was largely dissociated into phosphoric acid; evidence for the presence under some conditions of other phosphomolybdic acids, which may be related to the active species, is presented.
Directionally Constrained Filterbank ICA (2007)

A modification is proposed to the independent component analysis (ICA)-based filterbank approach in consideration to its structural similarity with binaural auditory model of sound source localization. The estimated sound locations provide an additional cue to the learning algorithm, which is utilized for initialization and imposition of directional constraints on the subband separation networks. Directionally constrained filterbank ICA (DC-FBICA) gives faster convergence and improves separation performance for noisy mixtures having significant spectral overlap among the convolved mixture and the corrupting noise. However, only slight improvement in separation performance is observed when the additive noise is a low frequency noise, although faster convergence is still observed.
Scintillator energy and flux linearity for RbGd/sub 2/Br/sub 7/:Ce, LaCl/sub 3/:Ce, and LaBr/sub 3/:Ce (2004)

The development of scintillator detectors made of dense ionic crystals with high light output and fast response times offers to improve radiation detection systems commonly employed in medical imaging. Three such cerium doped materials, rubidium gadolinium bromide (RbGd/sub 2/Br/sub 7/:Ce), lanthanum chloride (LaCl/sub 3/:Ce), and lanthanum bromide (LaBr/sub 3/:Ce) show promise as bright, fast scintillators with good energy resolution for gamma rays. To be useful as gamma-ray detectors for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) applications, the signal from these scintillators should have a linear energy response. To be useful as x-ray detectors in computed tomography (CT) applications, the output of these scintillators must be linear over a wide range of flux rates. We have therefor measured the response of these scintillators to different energy gamma-rays with a detector operated in pulse counting mode. We have also measured the range of linear response to diagnostic x-rays, of these materials, with a detector operated in current mode with a sigma-delta analog to digital converter (ADC). We find a linear energy response for all three materials from 60 keV to 662 keV. We find a linear x-ray flux response to five decades of flux for RbGd/sub 2/Br/sub 7/:Ce and four decades of flux for LaCl/sub 3/:Ce and LaBr/sub 3/:Ce. The current in the photodiode is proportional to the x-ray flux in the scintillators provided that direct interactions between x-rays and the photodiode are subtracted. This is accomplished by measuring the photodiode current with and without optical opaque tape between the scintillator and photodiode. Coupling dense scintillators to radiation hard solid state detectors may allow for configurations useful for both low flux gamma-ray and high flux x-ray detection which could improve dual-modality imaging techniques such as combined CT/SPECT and CT/PET.
An efficient technique of characterising calibration grids in e-beam lithography tools (1983)

Electron beam lithography systems are used to overlay a pattern over previous levels exposed by optical means or other electron beam machines. This requires the calibration of machine deflection to a nominal reference. A specially designed calibration grid of gold bars on silicon is permanently mounted in the system. Deflection errors are calibrated to these grids by scanning the grid with the writing deflection. The higher-frequency calibration grid errors can be filtered out mathematically. The deflection scan distortion is determined by using a best fit spline function to the measured data of the beam scan position over the calibration grid. Results of this filtering method indicate a repeatability and accuracy of grid characterisation of 0.15 mu m (3 sigma).
Role and Mechanisms of RAGE-Ligand Complexes and RAGE-Inhibitors in Cancer Progression (2020)

Interactions of the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and its ligands in the context of their role in diabetes mellitus, inflammation, and carcinogenesis have been extensively investigated. This review focuses on the role of RAGE-ligands and anti-RAGE drugs capable of controlling cancer progression. Different studies have demonstrated interaction of RAGE with a diverse range of acidic (negatively charged) ligands such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and S100s, and their importance to cancer progression. Some RAGE-ligands displayed effects on anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins through upregulation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, while downregulating p53 in cancer progression. In addition, RAGE may undergo ligand-driven multimodal dimerization or oligomerization mediated through self-association of some of its subunits. We conclude our review by proposing possible future lines of study that could result in control of cancer progression through RAGE inhibition.
A Controllable low-power dual-port embedded SRAM for DSP processor (2007)

In this paper, a low-power embedded memory module is designed for a multi-threaded DSP processor. A co-design of circuit and architecture technique is proposed. The technique includes three circuit schemes: controllable precharged bit-line, low voltage bit-line, and controllable data-retention power gating. Because the low-power control signals are generated by the DSP engine, the operating condition of the memory module can be arbitrarily adjusted by using software programming. The integration of low-power dual-port 8KB SRAM and the multi-threaded DSP engine is implemented in TSMC 130nm CMOS technology. By using these techniques, the overall access power reduction of the DSP core is around 15.30–16.84%.
Biomechanics of Thoracolumbar Spinal Fixation (1991)

Extensive development of spinal instrumentation has occurred recently, benefitted by improved biomechanical knowledge. Reviewed here are various devices and the major biomechanical issues relevant to them. The devices are categorized by site of attachment. The major emphasis is on the most recently developed category: devices attached by transpedicular screws. Aspects of this last category reviewed here include screw design, screw placement, longitudinal linking devices (rods, plates), and transverse connectors (cross-linking). Emphasis is placed not only on current knowledge, but also on unresolved issues.
John Wilton (1864)

Journal Article John Wilton Get access E. W. E. W. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-VI, Issue 139, 27 August 1864, Page 169, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-VI.139.169c Published: 27 August 1864
Investigating the Effect of Crack Shape on the Interaction Behavior of Noncoplanar Surface Cracks Using Finite Element Analysis (2002)

In the last two decades, multiple cracks are often found in aging aerospace and mechanical structures. The interaction and coalescence of multiple cracks may significantly affect the service lives of these aging structures. Knowledge of the behavior of interacting cracks is still limited. The calculation of the crack-tip stress intensity factor, SIF, along the interacting crack fronts is considered a major contribution for the application of any linear fracture mechanics model to investigate the growth life of these cracks. In this paper, a parametric study is presented for two parallel surface cracks in an infinite plate subjected to remote tension or to pure bending loads. This study focuses on constructing a finite element (FE) model that combines the submodeling technique with its ability to generate crack submodels of different lengths and depths, and a mesh generator that can build up a mesh grid based on the size, depth, and orientation of the interacting crack sub-models. The stress intensity factors for these cracks are calculated as a function of the crack front position, depth, shape, and plate thickness. In this paper, the values of the studied crack depth to length ratio, a/c, are 0.33, 0.5, 0.67, and 1.0. Where possible, a comparison of the 3-D with 2-D results is also considered.
www.sade.com (2000)

Nehmen wir an, wir hätten alles, was wir über Sade wußten, vergessen. Vielleicht leiden wir unter der Abart einer partiellen retrograden Amnesie, wie sie manchmal nach einem Unfallschock eintritt: das erklärte jedenfalls auch, warum wir uns nur an Krücken fortbewegen können. Dann würden wir uns scheuen das Haus zu verlassen, um wie üblich in irgendwelchen Büchern irgendeiner Bibliothek herausfinden zu wollen, was wir nicht wissen. Und schließlich könnten wir ja auch viel schneller (und völlig frei von körperlichem Schmerz) das gigantische digitale All des WorldWideWeb durchreisen: hier ließe sich das Gesuchte sicher finden? Sehen wir zu, ob das stimmt. Fragen wir im WWW, was „Sade“ sei.