gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Vectorcardiography in Cardiac Surgery: Natural Course of Vector Changes and Relationship to Myocardial Oxygen Uptake (1991)

Continuous vectorcardiography was registered before and during the first 18 hours after cardiac surgery in 53 patients. QRS vector changes (QRS-VD) occurred during the operation, but no further changes were observed postoperatively. The ST vector (ST-VM) increased during the operation, and a further slight increase occurred postoperatively. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in three patients. Their ST-VM was higher than the average in patients without myocardial infarction, while QRS-VD did not differ from the average pattern. Twelve other patients were studied in pacemaker-induced moderate tachycardia. QRS-VD increased in proportion to heart-rate changes (rs median = 0.93, p less than 0.01). QRS-VD also correlated with myocardial oxygen uptake (rs median = 0.62, p less than 0.05). The ST-VM responses were not uniform. The data suggest that vectorcardiogram variables can provide information related to myocardial energy metabolism.
Three-dimensional structure of rhesus rotavirus by cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction. (1990)

The structure of rhesus rotavirus was examined by cryoelectron microscopy and image analysis. Three-dimensional reconstructions of infectious virions were computed at 26- and 37-A resolution from electron micrographs recorded at two different levels of defocus. The major features revealed by the reconstructions are (a) both outer and inner capsids are constructed with T = 13l icosahedral lattice symmetry; (b) 60 spikelike projections, attributed to VP4, extend at least 100 A from the outer capsid surface; (c) the outer capsid, attributed primarily to VP7, has a smoothly rippled surface at a mean radius of 377 A and is perforated by 132 aqueous holes ranging from 40-65 A in diameter; (d) the inner capsid has a "bristled" outer surface composed of 260 trimeric-shaped columns of density, attributed to VP6, which merge with a smooth, spherical shell of density at a lower, mean radius of 299 A, and which is perforated by holes in register with those in the outer capsid; (e) a "core" region contains a third, nonspherical shell of density at a mean radius of 225 A that encapsidates the double-stranded RNA genome; and (f) the space between the outer and inner capsids forms an open aqueous network that may provide pathways for the diffusion of ions and small regulatory molecules as well as the extrusion of RNA. The assignment of different viral structural proteins to specific features of the reconstruction has been tentatively made on the basis of excluded volume estimates and previous biochemical characterizations of rotavirus.
Inter-turn stator winding fault diagnosis in three-phase induction motors, by Park's vector approach (1999)

The subject of on-line detection and location of inter-turn short circuits in the stator windings of three-phase induction motors is discussed, and a noninvasive approach, based on the computer-aided monitoring of the stator current Park's vector, is introduced. Experimental results, obtained by using a special fault producing test rig, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, for detecting inter-turn stator winding faults in operating three-phase induction machines. On-site tests conducted in a power generation plant, using the diagnostic instrumentation system developed, are also reported.
Histopathologic characteristics of early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus (1991)

To elucidate the early events of cancer development in the columnar cell-lined lower esophagus, 13 esophagectomy specimens with early adenocarcinoma (T1) were histopathologically studied and the morphometry of the lesion was performed on a histologic map. Eleven (84.6%) of the 13 early Barrett's carcinomas were contiguous to both the distinctive specialized-type Barrett's mucosa and squamous epithelium. Furthermore, ten (76.9%) of the 13 tumors had residual squamous islands on the surface. These data suggest that carcinomas in Barrett's esophagus mostly develop at a place very close to the squamocolumnar epithelial border. The distance from the tumor center to the nearest squamous epithelium, including squamous islands, was 2 cm or less in all cases but one. Therefore, the authors conclude that the primary site of cancer development in Barrett's esophagus is the metaplastic columnar-lined area, particularly of specialized type, within 2 cm from the squamocolumnar epithelial border.
Roles of Non-catalytic Subunits in Gβγ-induced Activation of Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Isoforms β and γ (1999)

By using purified preparations we show that nanomolar concentrations of Gbetagamma significantly stimulated lipid kinase activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) beta and PI3Kgamma in the presence as well as in the absence of non-catalytic subunits such as p85alpha or p101. Concomitantly, Gbetagamma stimulated autophosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of PI3Kgamma (EC(50), 30 nM; stoichiometry >/=0.6 mol of P(i)/mol of p110gamma), which also occurred in the absence of p101. Surprisingly, we found that p101 affected the lipid substrate preference of PI3Kgamma in its Gbetagamma-stimulated state. With phosphatidylinositol as substrate, p110gamma but not p101/p110gamma was significantly stimulated by Gbetagamma to form PI-3-phosphate (EC(50), 20 nM). The opposite situation was found when PI-4,5-bisphosphate served as substrate. Gbetagamma efficiently and potently (EC(50), 5 nM) activated the p101/p110gamma heterodimer but negligibly stimulated the p110gamma monomer to form PI-3,4,5-trisphosphate. However, this weak stimulatory effect on p110gamma was overcome by excess concentrations of Gbetagamma (EC(50), 100 nM). This finding is in accordance with the in vivo situation, where activated PI3K catalyzes the formation of PI-3,4,5-trisphosphate but not PI-3-phosphate. We conclude that p101 is responsible for PI-4, 5-bisphosphate substrate selectivity of PI3Kgamma by sensitizing p110gamma toward Gbetagamma in the presence of PI-4,5-P(2).
Coxsackieviruses and diabetes (1997)

Abstract Insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease whose etiology is complex. Both genetic susceptibility, which is polygenic, and environmental factors, including virus infections, appear to be involved in the development of IDDM. In this review, we have tried to balance the discussion of diabetes by examining both immunological and virological perspectives. Several mouse models, including viral and non‐viral models, have been used to study diabetes. For this review, we include lessons gleaned from the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and from mouse models of coxsackievirus‐ and encephalomyocarditis‐virus‐induced diabetes. Finally, we present a multi‐stage model in which several viral infections, including the coxsackieviruses, are postulated to play a role in the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Battery testing for photovoltaic applications (1997)

Battery testing for photovoltaic (PV) applications is funded at Sandia under the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Photovoltaic Balance of Systems (BOS) Program. The goal of the PV BOS program is to improve PV system component design, operation, reliability, and to reduce overall life-cycle costs. The Sandia battery testing program consists of: 1) PV battery and charge controller market survey, 2) battery performance and life-cycle testing, 3) PV charge controller development, and 4) system field testing. Test results from this work have identified market size and trends, PV battery test procedures, application guidelines, and needed hardware improvements.
A review of spark discharge phenomena (1951)

Part I of the paper discusses the Townsend and Streamer theories on the mechanism of breakdown in gases, and their development to explain observed discharge phenomena. Certain deficiencies in both are indicated, and work now in progress is mentioned which may considerably expand the range of conditions to which Townsend's theory is applicable. Special experimental techniques to record events during the extremely short development time of a spark are mentioned, including recent advances.In Part H, a review is given of some observed spark gap characteristics that have to be accounted for by any comprehensive theory. Much of this work has been carried out on gaps of a type suitable for high voltage measurement, and the uniform field gap id shown to merit consideration as a standardized method of measurement. Its stable characteristics make it very suitable for the more detailed investigation of certain effects that have only a small influence on the breakdown voltage, but which may, nevertheless, be of importance in developing qualitative and quantitative theories of breakdown. The nature and objects of some investigations at present in progress along these lines are indicated.The case of breakdown at high frequencies has recently been reviewed in this Journal, and the present paper does not, therefore, include a discussion of this particular case.
Adiponectin, an Unlocking Adipocytokine (2009)

A large number of studies revealed that adiponectin, a protein secreted specifically by adipose tissue, exhibits antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, and antidiabetic properties. This 247-amino acid protein contains four differentiable domains and exists in five different configurations, which binds three kinds of receptors. The plasma adiponectin concentration is at amazing microgram level and the gender difference is very clear. Obese subjects showed decreased plasma level of adiponectin while exercise seems to restore it. Many researchers demonstrated that it could be a reliable biomarker for multiple diseases. However, there is controversy about its role in inflammation since its plasma concentration decreases in some inflammatory diseases and increases under some other inflammatory conditions. The signal transduction pathway is still not very clear yet. Could adiponectin be a promising drug target?
A behavioral model of cracks and its applications to cg (1991)

Abstract Cracks produced by drying mud‐like materials exhibit various patterns of form (including the crack patterns that occur on plate glass and on the ground) according to the stickiness of the materials. It is very interesting and important to develop a behavioral model of cracks, which produces realistic crack patterns, from not only a theoretical but a practical view, e.g., realistic image synthesis in CG. In this paper, we first analyze the typical two crack patterns produced in different materials, one of which is only slightly sticky and the other is very sticky. We then show some basic assumptions useful for constructing a behavioral model of cracks. Next, we present the behavioral model having one parameter of stickiness; and presenting several simulated crack patterns, we show that the constructed model is effective for visual simulation of crack patterns. We then present CG images, synthesized by employing texture mapping techniques, of marble objects, china teacups, and a china vase, all of which have many cracks on their surfaces. Finally, we discuss further improvements for extending the model to one which works on any curved surface and produces more realistic crack patterns according to the shapes of the surfaces.
Secure WBAN using rule-based IDS with biometrics and MAC authentication (2008)

Security in Wireless Sensor Networks has become very much important as sensor networks are being used for sensitive applications like weather forecasting, military, medicine etc. The severe resource constraints in a sensor node make it very challenging to secure sensor networks using existing strong security mechanisms. In Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) the sink node collect data from mobile patient through BAN-Head from biosensor nodes and is then transmitted to the healthcare provider for health monitoring. In this paper (i) we propose a more secure WBAN using rule-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) with a strong biometric ( Heart Rate Variability ) authentication between biosensor nodes and BAN-Head, (ii) we present a decentralized rule-based IDS at the BAN-Head, sink device and healthcare provider to find the malicious/compromised biosensor nodes, BAN-Head and sink device.
Repetitive optoelectronic opening switches for current charged transmission lines (1986)

The rapid progress of inductive energy storage circuits as pulsed power systems has required the development of new opening switches.1,2 These switches should be fast, capable of handling high power, and, in many applications, high repetition rate, and jitter free. Among the switches being commonly used, many have the following drawbacks: slow turn-off time, single-shot operation, short closing period, low repetition rate, and inaccurate triggering. The unique characteristics of light-activated semiconductor switches make them prime candidates for repetitive opening switches. Since the switch is activated by a laser using the photoconductivity effect, it is jitter free. Using bulk semiconductors of large size, these switches can withstand high voltage and current, as has been demonstrated already for closing switches.3 We recently demonstrated for the first time the operation of a semiconductor repetitive opening switch in an inductive energy storage circuit using a lumped inductor and capacitor.4
Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections on Testis (2020)

The novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility.
Factors Contributing to Mammography Failure in Women Aged 40-49 Years (2004)

Breast density largely explained decreased mammographic sensitivity at 12 months, whereas rapid tumor growth contributed to decreased mammographic sensitivity at 24 months. A 12-month versus a 24-month mammography screening interval may therefore reduce the adverse impact of faster growing tumors on mammographic sensitivity in younger women.
Giant Micelles (2007)

Molecular Thermodynamics of Giant Micelles, R. Nagarajan Molecular Packing in Cylindrical Micelles, S. May and A. Ben-Shaul Computer Simulations of Wormlike Micelles, J. T. Padding, W.K. den Otter, and W. J. Briels Theoretical Rheology of Giant Micelles, M. Cates and S. Fielding Seeing Giant Micelles by Cryogenic-Temperature Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM), Y. Talmon Scattering from Wormlike Micelles, J. Skov Pedersen, L. Cannavacciouolo, and P. Schurtenberger Phase Behavior of Systems with Wormlike Micelles, F. Nettesheim and E. W. Kaler Linear Rheology of Aqueous Solutions of Wormlike Micelles, M. In Nonlinear Rheology of Giant Micelles, J.E. Puig, F. Bautista, J.F.A. Soltero, and O. Manero Relaxation in Wormlike Micelle Solutions, G. Waton and R. Zana Giant Micelles at and Near Surfaces, R. Atkin, A. Blom, and G.G. Warr Stimuli-Responsive Giant Micellar Systems, F.P. Hubbard, Jr., and N.L. Abbott Hydrogen Bonded Supramolecular Polymers versus Wormlike Micelles: Similarities and Specificities, L. Bouteiller Nonionic Block Copolymer Wormlike Micelles, Y.Y. Won and F.S. Bates Oilfield Applications of Giant Micelles, P. Sullivan, E.B. Nelson, V Anderson, and T. Hughes Drag Reduction by Surfactant Giant Micelles, J.L. Zakin, Y. Zhang, and W. Ge Giant Micelles and Shampoos, L. Nicolas-Morgantini Daily Applications of Systems with Wormlike Micelles, S. Ezrahi, E. Tuval, A. Aserin, and N. Garti
Assembly of cyclin D-dependent kinase and titration of p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1) (1998)

A constitutively active form of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1) was synthesized under control of a zinc-inducible promoter in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Zinc treatment of serum-starved cells activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and induced expression of cyclin D1. Newly synthesized cyclin D1 assembled with cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4) to form holoenzyme complexes that phosphorylated the retinoblastoma protein inefficiently. Activation of the MEK1/ERK pathway neither triggered degradation of the CDK inhibitor kinase inhibitory protein-1 (p27(Kip1)) nor led to activation of cyclin E- and A-dependent CDK2, and such cells did not enter the DNA synthetic (S) phase of the cell division cycle. In contrast, zinc induction of active MEK1 in cells also engineered to ectopically overexpress cyclin D1 and CDK4 subunits generated levels of cyclin D-dependent retinoblastoma protein kinase activity approximating those achieved in cells stimulated by serum. In this setting, p27(Kip1) was mobilized into complexes containing cyclin D1; cyclin E- and A-dependent CDK2 complexes were activated; and serum-starved cells entered S phase. Thus, although the activity of p27(Kip1) normally is canceled through a serum-dependent degradative process, overexpressed cyclin D1-CDK complexes sequestered p27(Kip1) and reduced the effective inhibitory threshold through a stoichiometric mechanism. A fraction of these cells completed S phase and divided, but they were unable to continuously proliferate, indicating that other serum-responsive factors ultimately became rate limiting for cell cycle progression. Therefore, the MEK/ERK pathway not only acts transcriptionally to induce the cyclin D1 gene but functions posttranslationally to regulate cyclin D1 assembly with CDK4 and to thereby help cancel p27(Kip1)-mediated inhibition.
GSM Cellular Radio Telephony (1997)

Cellular Concepts. The GSM Standard. GSM Network Infrastructure. The Radio Sub-System. The Network Sub-System. Network Management. Mobile Terminals. The DECT 1800 Standard. The POINTEL network (Bi-bopTM). Mobile Data Networks: MobitexTM. Satellite Radio-Paging. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.
Influence of AC Electric Field on Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Liquids (2006)

Abstract Production processes for carbon nanotubes commonly produce mixtures of solid morphologies that are mechanically entangled or that self‐associate into aggregates. The entangled or aggregated carbon nanotubes often need to be dispersed in liquids for further applications. The authors propose an innovative dispersion method for carbon nanotubes by which an AC electric field is applied to suspensions of carbon nanotubes. The dispersion status of carbon nanotubes in liquid media is evidently improved by an AC electric field and is strongly dependent on the magnitude, the frequency, and the exerting time of the applied electric field. Fine carbon nanotube dispersion is achieved with an AC electric field of high voltage, low frequency, and proper exerting time. A certain relation between the dispersion status and the current between the metal electrodes through the carbon nanotube suspension is also observed. The dispersion of carbon nanotubes is ascribed to the AC electric field induced simple harmonic motions with different amplitudes of different carbon nanotubes. Keywords: Carbon nanotubesdispersionAC electric fieldcurrent Acknowledgments This project was sponsored by the Foundation of National Natural Science, China (Grant No. 10332020) and the Innovation Fund for Outstanding Scholar of Henan Province, China (Grant No. 0521001000).
Repeated Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors to the Rabbit Airway (1999)

Efficient local expression from recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) vectors has been observed in the airways of rabbits and monkeys for up to 6 months following a single bronchoscopic delivery. However, it is likely that repeated administrations of rAAV vectors will be necessary for sustained correction of the CF defect in the airways. The current study was designed to test the feasibility of repeated airway delivery of rAAV vectors in the rabbit lung. After two doses of rAAV-CFTR to the airways, rabbits generated high titers of serum anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies. Rabbits then received a third dose of a rAAV vector containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene packaged in either AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) or serotype 3 (AAV3) capsids. Each dose consisted of 1 ml containing 5 x 10(9) DNase-resistant particles of rAAV vector, having no detectable replication-competent AAV or adenovirus. Three weeks later, GFP expression was observed in airway epithelial cells despite high anti-AAV neutralizing titers at the time of delivery. There was no significant difference in the efficiency of DNA transfer or expression between the rAAV3 and rAAV2 groups. No significant inflammatory responses to either repeated airway exposure to rAAV2-CFTR vectors or to GFP expression were observed. These experiments demonstrate that serum anti-AAV neutralizing antibody titers do not predict airway neutralization in vivo and that repeated airway delivery rAAV allows for safe and effective gene transfer.
Off-chaining Models and Approaches to Off-chain Computations (2018)

Off-chaining has been suggested to enhance scalablity and privacy of blockchains, especially in public networks. However, a systematic classification is missing. In this paper, we propose generic off-chaining models categorizing different types of off-chaining. From our analysis of these models, we conclude that off-chain computations are particularly powerful and subsequently provide a description and comparison of off-chain computation approaches.
The Distinct and Cooperative Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 9 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Modulating <i>In Vivo</i> Inflammatory Responses to Select CpG and Non-CpG Oligonucleotides (2017)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are widely accepted therapeutic agents that suppress RNA transcription. While the majority of ASOs are well tolerated in vivo, few sequences trigger inflammatory responses in absence of conventional CpG motifs. In this study, we identified non-CpG oligodeoxy-nucleotide (ODN) capable of triggering an inflammatory response resulting in B cell and macrophage activation in a MyD88- and TLR9-dependent manner. In addition, we found the receptor for advance glycation end product (RAGE) receptor to be involved in the initiation of inflammatory response to suboptimal concentrations of both CpG- and non-CpG-containing ODNs. In contrast, dosing RAGE KO mice with high doses of CpG or non-CpG ODNs lead to a stronger inflammatory response than observed in wild-type mice. Together, our data provide a previously uncharacterized in vivo mechanism contingent on ODN-administered dose, where TLR9 governs the primary response and RAGE plays a distinct and cooperative function in providing a pivotal role in balancing the immune response.