gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limit Operation Regimes of Selected Power Semiconductor Elements (2006)

Operation regimes of modern power semiconductor devices (such as IGCT thyristors or IGBT transistors) are characterized by switching high currents of the order of kA at the voltage level of several kV. Although their internal and eventual contact resistances are very low, the Joule losses in them reach quite high values and corresponding heat may lead to unacceptable (local or global) temperature rise. The paper represents an introductory study in the area and deals with partial mathematical and computer modeling of the temperature rise of an axisymmetric device during its operation in several regimes differing by nominal current and frequency of switching. Modeled is, however, only the nonstationary temperature field, while the distribution of the specific Joule losses was found experimentally. The convective heat transfer coefficient necessary for formulation of the boundary condition of the third kind is calculated approximately from velocity of the cooling air. The methodology is illustrated on an example of a real IGCT device. Selected results are compared with measurements
Fluid Overload in Acute Heart Failure — Re-Distribution and Other Mechanisms Beyond Fluid Accumulation (2008)

Although fluid overload is one of the most prominent features of acute heart failure (AHF), its mechanism remains challenging, due to the lack of consistent data from prospective studies. Traditionally, fluid overload was thought to be mainly the result of either increased intake of fluid and salt or non-adherence with diuretic therapy. However, recent data showed little weight change before or during an AHF event suggesting that in many cases fluid overload is caused by other mechanisms such as fluid redistribution and neurohormonal or inflammatory activation. Redistribution may be the result of a combined vascular and cardiac process reducing capacitance in the venous system (and hence increasing preload) and increasing arterial stiffness and resistance (and hence afterload). When these vascular processes occur acutely and are superimposed on reduced cardiac function; fluid is redistributed to the lungs instigating pulmonary congestion. In this paper we elaborate on this possible pathophysiological mechanism and review its potential causes and amplifiers.
0. Explanation of Symbols and Notation (1973)

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A model-based optimization framework for the inference on gene regulatory networks from DNA array data (2004)

We have developed a novel optimization framework for identifying regulation in a genetic network using the S-system modeling formalism. We show that balance equations on both mRNA and protein species led to a formulation suitable for analyzing DNA-microarray data whereby protein concentrations have been eliminated and only mRNA relative concentrations are retained. Using this formulation, we examined if it is possible to infer a set of possible genetic regulatory networks consistent with observed mRNA expression patterns. Two origins of changes in mRNA expression patterns were considered. One derives from changes in the biophysical properties of the system that alter the molecular-interaction kinetics and/or message stability. The second is due to gene knock-outs. We reduced the identification problem to an optimization problem (of the so-called mixed-integer non-linear programming class) and we developed an algorithmic procedure for solving this optimization problem. Using simulated data generated by our mathematical model, we show that our method can actually find the regulatory network from which the data were generated. We also show that the number of possible alternate genetic regulatory networks depends on the size of the dataset (i.e. number of experiments), but this dependence is different for each of the two types of problems considered, and that a unique solution requires fewer datasets than previously estimated in the literature. This is the first method that also allows the identification of every possible regulatory network that could explain the data, when the number of experiments does not allow identification of unique regulatory structure.
A feedback-based control technique for interactive live streaming systems to mobile devices (2010)

Recent advances in wireless communication have raised possibility of creating new sets of richer multimedia applications in wireless networks; on the other hand, despite the rapid evolution and growing popularity of mobile handheld devices such as PDAs and smart phones, they are still significantly computationally constrained by limited resources for some kind of applications (e.g. computer graphics). The main contribution of this work is the design of a closed-loop controller in the context of image/video streaming systems with interactivity constraints to automatically adapt streaming parameters to bandwidth fluctuations. The proposed technique is general and acts as a sort of Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism at the application level and can be applied to any kind of client, but in this context we point out at common handheld devices, such as PDAs and smart phones, as a target. Experiments were carried out using different encoding standards (M-JPEG and MPEG-4 Part 2) and different network access (802.1 lg and HSDPA).
A Sensitive Single Beam Device for Continuous Reflectance or Transmittance Measurements (1968)

We describe a single beam device that records continuously as a function of wavelength, simple quantities related to the reflectance and transmittance, (1 - R)/(1 + R) and (1 - T)/(1 + T). The unit is easily attached to any spectrometer. It is sensitive to changes in these quantities of about 1 x 10(-4), while systematic errors in alignment set an absolute accuracy of about 1 x 10(-3).
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies on Conformational Change of Polymer Chains at Interface (2008)

The conformation of polymers at interface profoundly influences the interfacial properties. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) is a newly developed technique to detect polymer behavior at interface in real time. In this article, we mainly review our QCM-D studies. Our focus is on temperature induced collapse and swelling of tethered polymer chains, pancake-to-brush transition and mushroom-to-brush of polymer chains.
Multicast delivery based on unicast and subnet multicast (2001)

In spite of the numerous works previously made, IP multicasting has not been widely deployed in the public Internet. We present a realistic alternative scheme for IP multicasting, which is based on the unicast transport from a remote sender to a local subnet and the multicast forwarding to receivers within the subnet.
Geochemical and Strontium Isotope Characterization of Produced Waters from Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Extraction (2012)

Extraction of natural gas by hydraulic fracturing of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale, a major gas-bearing unit in the Appalachian Basin, results in significant quantities of produced water containing high total dissolved solids (TDS). We carried out a strontium (Sr) isotope investigation to determine the utility of Sr isotopes in identifying and quantifying the interaction of Marcellus Formation produced waters with other waters in the Appalachian Basin in the event of an accidental release, and to provide information about the source of the dissolved solids. Strontium isotopic ratios of Marcellus produced waters collected over a geographic range of ~375 km from southwestern to northeastern Pennsylvania define a relatively narrow set of values (ε(Sr)(SW) = +13.8 to +41.6, where ε(Sr) (SW) is the deviation of the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio from that of seawater in parts per 10(4)); this isotopic range falls above that of Middle Devonian seawater, and is distinct from most western Pennsylvania acid mine drainage and Upper Devonian Venango Group oil and gas brines. The uniformity of the isotope ratios suggests a basin-wide source of dissolved solids with a component that is more radiogenic than seawater. Mixing models indicate that Sr isotope ratios can be used to sensitively differentiate between Marcellus Formation produced water and other potential sources of TDS into ground or surface waters.
Kinetics and STAT4‐ or STAT6‐mediated regulation of genes involved in lymphocyte polarization to Th1 and Th2 cells (2003)

Many genes implicated in Th1 and Th2 differentiation have been identified in both human and mouse. However, the functional roles and hierarchy of these factors in the signaling pathways leading to either Th1 or Th2 responses are less clear. To explore at which stage of polarization the differences between Th1 and Th2 cells occur, we have studied the expression of 23 key genes implicated in the process during the first week of polarization from human precursor T helper cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. According to our results, 14 of the genes were clearly regulated differentially in Th1 and Th2 conditions in distinct time-dependent patterns, either during the first 2 days or after 1 week of polarization. Furthermore, 6 of these genes were identified to be targets of STAT4/6 regulation. Thus, for the first time we demonstrate expression kinetics of a number of key genes involved in Th1 and Th2 differentiation during the first week of polarization in both human and mouse. In addition, our study shows for the first time that the genes BCL-6 and TRADD are differentially regulated during the polarization of human Th1 and Th2 cells.
CloSpan: Mining: Closed Sequential Patterns in Large Datasets (2003)

Previous sequential pattern mining algorithms mine the full set of frequent subsequences satisfying a min-sup threshold in a sequence database. However, since a frequent long sequence contains a combinatorial number of frequent subsequences, such mining will generate an explosive number of frequent subsequences for long patterns, which is prohibitively expensive in both time and space. In this paper, we propose an alternative but equally powerful solution: instead of mining the complete set of frequent subsequences, we mine frequent closed subsequences only, i.e., those containing no super-sequence with the same support (i.e., occurrence frequency). By exploring novel global optimization techniques, an efficient algorithm, called CloSpan (Closed Sequential pattern mining) is developed, which outperforms the previous work by one order of magnitude. Moreover, CloSpan can mine really long sequences, which, to the best of our knowledge, is un-minable by previous algorithms. Finally, CloSpan produces a significantly less number of discovered sequences than the traditional (i.e., full-set) methods while preserving the same expressive power since the whole set of frequent subsequences, together with their supports, can be derived easily from our mining results.
Au-(Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>)<inf>X</inf>(ZrO<inf>2</inf>)<inf>1-X</inf> Thin Films for High Temperature Gas Detection via Changes in Optical Absorption: Interfacial Influences on Metallic Nanoparticle Optical Properties (2007)

Increased dampening of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Au nanoparticles embedded in yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been observed for Au-YSZ thin films at 500degC under increasing O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentrations in N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . It has been proposed that this broadening in the SPR band is due to an adsorbate induced dampening of the SPR band, which was initially observed using gas aggregation techniques on Ag nanoparticles, and can be observed at elevated temperatures by simply changing the gas environment of Au-YSZ films. We have developed a model to describe the changes we see in the SPR band broadening utilizing theoretical models developed by Persson (Surf. Sci., vol.281, p.153-162, 1993) and Pinchuk et al. (Surf. Sci., vol.557, p.269-280, 2004). Our model is in agreement with experimental results within a factor of three and shows promise in furthering the understanding of the optical properties possessed by noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a metal oxide matrix.
A novel effective therapy for refractory angiosarcoma of the face and scalp. (2011)

An 85-year-old woman presented with an indurated rash that over the preceding 6 months had progressed to a well demarcated, violaceous lesion covering the majority of the right side of the cheek, temple area, and scalp. The rash was originally thought to represent angioedema from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor medication prescribed for hypertension. Despite a change in this medication, the skin lesion persisted. The patient received a course of antibiotics followed by a course of oral prednisone without benefit. A skin biopsy was obtained and a diagnosis of angiosarcoma was made. The patient’s medical history was significant for well-controlled hypertension, bilateral hip replacements due to osteoarthritis, and hysterectomy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Her medications included losartan and vitamins. A limited staging evaluation was performed with a computed tomography scan of the head and sinuses, which revealed only indurated, dermal thickening widely dispersed over the areas noted above. There was no indication of metastatic disease. The patient was initially treated with paclitaxel 90 mg/m2 weekly. At the 6th week assessment, a partial response was noted, with resolution of the discoloration and reduced thickness of the facial lesions. The skin, however, remained indurated. Following a 2-week break, paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 was resumed for an additional 15 weekly doses. At the final visit, her skin appeared normal. The patient then moved out of state to a warmer climate. Two months later, her skin lesions started to progress, with reddish discoloration and nodular lesions on the scalp. She received 1 dose of paclitaxel at
Finding your way through blogspace: Using semantics for cross-domain blog analysis (2006)

Blogspace is one of the most dynamic areas of today’s Internet, and it is increasingly recognised that blogs are much more than “meaningless chatter”. Many syntax-based approaches exist to analyse the text and the net-work structure between blogs. While this is very helpful for purposes such as the detection of discussion bursts concerning uniquely-named topics (e.g., a book, prod-uct, or person), it is insufficient for understanding blogs discussing new phenomena in different wordings, or for finding and explaining relationships between new dis-course topics or the context of a new topic in a larger domain of discourse. In this paper, we propose two methods for semantics-enhanced blogs analysis that al-low the analyst to integrate domain-specific as well as general background knowledge. The methods rely on the Term Extractor for identifying keyphrases (Navigli &amp; Velardi, 2004), SSI (Structural Semantic Intercon-nections) for disambiguating terms (Navigli &amp; Velardi, 2005), and the taxonomy of domain labels by (Magnini &amp; Cavaglià, 2000). Applications include topic detection and grouping, the proposal of blog tags and the forming of blog directories, and blog recommender systems. To illustrate the usefulness of our approach, we present a detailed experimental analysis of a sample of four sets of blogs with different thematic foci (food, health, law, and weblogs about blogging).
Digital Core Laboratory: Petrophysical Analysis from 3D Imaging of Reservoir Core Fragments (2005)

Machined fragments of a number of core plugs have been analyzed using a high resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) facility. The facility includes a system capable of acquiring 3D images made up of 20003 voxels on core plugs up to 6 cm in
Wild-type and mutant bacterioopsins D85N, D96N, and R82Q: high-level expression in Escherichia coli (1991)

The integral membrane protein bacterioopsin, found in the extremely halophilic archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium, was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein containing 13 heterologous amino acids at the amino terminus. The expressed protein was localized primarily to the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane (greater than 80%) and had an in vivo half-life of 26 min. The amount of bacterioopsin in E. coli crude lysates was quantitated immunologically from Western blots and was expressed at 10-20-fold higher levels than seen previously (i.e., 17 mg/L; 5.6% of the total protein). Three distinct forms of the protein were detected immunologically: two of the forms were generated by the removal of either one or four amino acid residues at the amino terminus; the third form remained unaltered.
Vascular actions of insulin with implications for endothelial dysfunction (2009)

Hemodynamic actions of insulin depend largely on the hormone's ability to stimulate synthesis and release of endothelial mediators, whose balanced activity ensures dynamic control of vascular function. Nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important examples of endothelial mediators with opposing properties on vascular tone, hemostatic processes, and vascular permeability. Reduced NO bioavailability, resulting from either insufficient production or increased degradation of NO, characterizes endothelial dysfunction. In turn, endothelial dysfunction predicts vascular complications of metabolic and hemodynamic disorders. In the cardiovascular system, insulin stimulates the production and release of NO, ET-1, and ROS via activation of distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Under insulin-resistant conditions, increased insulin concentrations and/or impaired insulin-signaling pathways in the vasculature may contribute to imbalance in secretion of endothelial mediators that promote pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities. This short review describes signaling pathways involved in insulin-stimulated release of NO, ROS, and ET-1 and suggests possible molecular mechanisms by which abnormal insulin signaling may contribute to endothelial dysfunction.
Double Higher Order Method of Moments for Surface Integral Equation Modeling of Metallic and Dielectric Antennas and Scatterers (2004)

A novel double higher order Galerkin-type method of moments based on higher order geometrical modeling and higher order current modeling is proposed for surface integral equation analysis of combined metallic and dielectric antennas and scatterers of arbitrary shapes. The technique employs generalized curvilinear quadrilaterals of arbitrary geometrical orders for the approximation of geometry (metallic and dielectric surfaces) and hierarchical divergence-conforming polynomial vector basis functions of arbitrary orders for the approximation of electric and magnetic surface currents within the elements. The geometrical orders and current-approximation orders of the elements are entirely independent from each other, and can be combined independently for the best overall performance of the method in different applications. The results obtained by the higher order technique are validated against the analytical solutions and the numerical results obtained by low-order moment-method techniques from literature. The examples show excellent accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency of the new technique at modeling of both current variation and curvature, and demonstrate advantages of large-domain models using curved quadrilaterals of high geometrical orders with basis functions of high current-approximation orders over commonly used small-domain models and low-order techniques. The reduction in the number of unknowns is by an order of magnitude when compared to low-order solutions.
NACK-based retransmission schemes for MBMS over single frequency network in LTE (2011)

In this paper, we propose NACK-based retransmission schemes for multimedia broadcast and multicast service over single frequency network (MBSFN) in LTE systems to enhance goodput and reduce retransmission rate. It is known that more retransmissions in MBSFN will reduce the spectrum efficiency. Hence, to provide a reliable broadcast/multicast service in LTE systems is an important issue. We first group mobile users into three sets according to their SNRs. Each set can report NACK messages on dedicated or shared feedback channel. The retransmission is triggered by pre-defined probability or pre-defined threshold. By applying different retransmission trigger schemes on different feedback channels, we have four kinds of NACK-based retransmission schemes. Simulation results show that, the proposed retransmission schemes can enhance the goodput by up to 28.3% and reduce the retransmission rate by up to 37.8% compared to the conditional HARQ scheme [12].
One Million Men: The Civil War Draft in the North (1972)

One Million Men: The Civil War Draft in the North. By Eugene C. Murdock. (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1971. xi + 366 pp. Illustrations, tables, notes, bibliographic note, and index. $10.00.) Joseph F. Wall Joseph F. Wall Grinnell College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 59, Issue 3, December 1972, Pages 732–734, https://doi.org/10.2307/1900718 Published: 01 December 1972
Recent Trends in Preparation of Poly(lactide‐<i>co</i>‐glycolide) Nanoparticles by Mixing Polymeric Organic Solution with Antisolvent (2015)

In recent years, there have been a plethora of nanoengineering approaches for the development of poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticulate carrier systems. However, overlooking the multifaceted issues in the preparation and characterization of PLGA‐based nanoparticles, many reports have been focused on their in vivo behaviors. It is imperative to fully assess technological aspects of a nanoencapsulation method of choice and to carefully evaluate the nanoparticle quality. The selection of a nanoencapsulation technique should consider drug property, nanoparticle quality, scale‐up feasibility, manufacturing costs, personnel safety, environmental impact, waste disposal, and the like. Made in this review are the fundamentals of classical emulsion‐templated nanoencapsulation methods used to prepare PLGA nanoparticles. More specifically, this review provides insight into emulsion solvent evaporation/extraction, salting‐out, nanoprecipitation, membrane emulsification, microfluidic technology, and flow focusing. Innovative nanoencapsulation techniques are being developed to address many challenges existing in the production of PLGA‐based nanoparticles. In addition, there are various out‐of‐the‐box approaches for the development of novel PLGA hybrid systems that could deliver multiple drugs. Latest trends in these areas are also dealt with in this review. Relevant information might be helpful to those who prepare and develop PLGA‐based nanoparticles that meet their specific demands.
Graphene Nanopores for Electronic Recognition of DNA Methylation (2016)

We investigate theoretically the ability of graphene nanopore membranes to detect methylated sites along a DNA molecule by electronic sheet current along the two-dimensional (2D) materials. Special emphasis is placed on the detection sensitivity changes due to pore size, shape, position, and the presence of defects around the nanopore in a membrane with constricted geometry. Enhanced sensitivity for detecting methylated CpG sites, labeled by methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) proteins along a DNA molecule, is obtained for electronic transport through graphene midgap states caused by the constriction. A large square deviation from the graphene conductance with respect to the open nanopore is observed during the translocation of MBD proteins. This approach exhibits superior resolution in the detection of multiple methylated sites along the DNA compared to conventional ionic current blockade techniques.