gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Derived from Alkynes (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRuthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Derived from AlkynesAna M. Lozano-Vila†, Stijn Monsaert†, Agata Bajek†, and Francis Verpoort*†‡§View Author Information Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (+32) 9-264-4436. Fax: (+32) 9-264-4983. E-mail: [email protected]†Ghent University.‡Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University.§College of Chemistry, Liaoning University.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 8, 4865–4909Publication Date (Web):April 14, 2010Publication History Received22 October 2009Published online14 April 2010Published inissue 11 August 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900346rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900346rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7406Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Metathesis,Ruthenium Get e-Alerts
Multiple methods for measuring atmospheric turbulence (2002)

Two methods of measuring atmospheric turbulence as it affects free space optical communications are presented. Each method yields a value of the structure constant of refractive index fluctuations, C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup>. A scintillometer is used as the basis or 'truth' for measurements taken by the first method by fitting data from the other instrument to the simultaneous scintillometer data. The first method utilizes a device conceived at New Mexico Tech using microphones to measure a pressure differential. This device was altered to provide both pressure and temperature measurements at two points separated by a specific distance. A thermocouple was added beside each microphone to provide temperature data, and the data collection method was altered. The device currently measures two pressure and temperature gradients. Also, the Naval Research Laboratory conducted the first efforts to quantify and calibrate the data collected by the device. Second, measurements are made from the angle of arrival of light from a laser transmitted across 16.4 km of the Chesapeake Bay. The variance of the angle of arrival over time is obtained from the variance of the centroid location of the focused light on a position-sensing detector. The same measurement is made over the same path using a halogen spotlight, a CCD camera, and a video tracker. The angle of arrival variance is used to calculate C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup>. The microphone/thermocouple apparatus took measurements over land alongside the scintillometer. Results from both methods are provided.
Creating 3D Models from Sketch Plans for Spatial Landscape Evaluation (2012)

2D sketch plans are hard to interpret for non-professionals and do not contain enough information for plan evaluation. Simple extrusion of 2D sketch plans into 3D will not suffice. This problem is faced by stakeholders in the early stages of the plan design process. Landscape types play an important role in bridging the gap between abstract 2D plans and 3D physical models. A landscape type consists of pictures from an existing landscape, a 3D model and additional attributes providing quantitative data. Through a matching algorithm, 2D landscape components in the sketch plan are replaced by 3D objects. Multiple 3D plans can be created from a specific area with different landscape types. These 3D plans are visualized with a high level of realism and they can be evaluated using the additional data. In this paper examples are shown for an apartment district and a villa district under different energy scenarios. The visual consequences of strategic energy decisions become apparent in the 3D model.
Prediction of the Nutritive Value of Pasture Silage by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of near infrared reflectance (NIRS) spectroscopy to predict the nutritive value of silages from pastures and to assess the effect of silage structure type (e.g. bunker and bag silos) on the NIRS predictions. Samples (n = 120) were sourced from commercial farms and analyzed in a NIRS monochromator instrument (NIR Systems, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA) using wavelengths between 400 and 2500 nm in reflectance. Calibration models were developed between chemical and NIRS spectral data using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The coefficients of determination in calibration (R 2 ) and the standard error in cross validation (SECV) were 0.73 (SECV: 1.2%), 0.81 (SECV: 2.0%), 0.75 (SECV: 6.6%), 0.80 (SECV: 6.7%), 0.80 (SECV: 4.0%), 0.60 (SECV: 3.6%) and 0.70 (SECV: 0.34) for ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and pH, respectively. The results showed the potential of NIRS to analyze DM, ADF and CP in silage samples from pastures.
Telomere Length Analysis (2007)

Most somatic cells of long-lived species undergo telomere shortening throughout life. Critically short telomeres trigger loss of cell viability in tissues, which has been related to alteration of tissue function and loss of regenerative capabilities in aging and aging-related diseases. Hence, telomere length is an important biomarker for aging and can be used in the prognosis of aging diseases. These facts highlight the importance of developing methods for telomere length determination that can be employed to evaluate telomere length during the human aging process. Telomere length quantification methods have improved greatly in accuracy and sensitivity since the development of the conventional telomeric Southern blot. Here, we describe the different methodologies recently developed for telomere length quantification, as well as their potential applications for human aging studies.
Protein Kinase Cι Activity Is Necessary for Bcr-Abl-mediated Resistance to Drug-induced Apoptosis (1999)

K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells are highly resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as taxol, that induce cell death by apoptosis. This resistance is mediated by the chimeric tyrosine kinase oncogene Bcr-Abl. However, little is known about the mechanism by which Bcr-Abl protects K562 cells from apoptosis. We recently demonstrated that expression of PKCiota is necessary for the resistance of K562 cells to taxol-induced apoptosis (Murray, N. R., and Fields, A. P. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 27521-27524). We now demonstrate that treatment of K562 cells with taxol leads to sustained activation of PKCiota. In contrast, Bcr-Abl-negative HL60 myeloid leukemia cells, which are sensitive to taxol-induced apoptosis, do not exhibit sustained PKCiota activation in response to taxol. Treatment of K562 cells with tyrphostin AG957, a selective Bcr-Abl inhibitor, blocks taxol-induced PKCiota activation and sensitizes these cells to taxol-induced apoptosis, indicating that PKCiota is a relevant downstream target of Bcr-Abl-mediated resistance. Furthermore, expression of constitutively active PKCiota by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer rescues AG957-treated K562 cells from taxol-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that both Bcr-Abl and PKCiota activity are necessary for apoptotic resistance in K562 cells. Furthermore, they identify PKCiota as a critical downstream target of Bcr-Abl that is sufficient to mediate the anti-apoptotic effects of Bcr-Abl.
Long-Wavelength, Photostable, Two-Photon Excitable BODIPY Fluorophores Readily Modifiable for Molecular Probes (2013)

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are increasingly popular in biological imaging and sensing, as long-wavelength (650-900 nm) excitation and emission have the advantages of minimum photodamage, deep tissue penetration, and minimum interference from autofluorescence in living systems. Here, a series of long-wavelength BODIPY dyes SPC, DC-SPC, DPC, and DC-DPC are synthesized conveniently and efficiently. They exhibit excellent photophysical properties in far red to near-infrared region, including large extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum yields, good photostability, and reasonable two-photon absorption cross section. Comparison of single-molecular imaging confirms that DPC is a much more efficient and more photostable NIR fluorophore than the commonly used Cy5. Also importantly, two kinds of convenient functionalization sites have been reserved: the aryl iodide for organometallic couplings and the terminal alkyne groups for click reactions. Further derivatives DC-SPC-PPh3 exhibit specificity to localize in mitochondria. The introduction of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) moieties mediates its hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and makes DC-SPC-PPh3 appropriate for cell labeling. Their long-wavelength emission at ∼650 nm can efficiently avoid the spectral crosstalk with other probes emitting in the visible light region. Superior photostability, low cytotoxicity, and two-photon excitable properties demonstrate its utility as a standard colocalizing agent to estimate the other probes' local distribution.
Eugène Boré and the Bulgarian Catholic Movement (1995)

Bulgaria’s nineteenth-century nationalism had a cultural focus, rather than a political one. Seeking freedom, not from the Ottoman Empire but from the cultural domination of Greek Orthodoxy, Bulgarians tried to form an independent church through union with Rome. The Vincentian mission and college of Saint-Benoit in Constantinople was a center for this movement. Eugene Bore also played a key role in it. He thought France’s duty in the Middle East was to limit the expansion of Russian and Orthodoxy there. He believed that the reunion of the Bulgarian church with Rome would be a means of accomplishing this. It was partly through him that the Bulgarians became affiliated with the Church. They were then admitted to the Church in December 1860 with their own hierarchy and other considerations. Bore was an important member of the Committee of Bulgarian Union and began a Bulgarian seminary at Saint-Benoit in 1861. Vincentian houses in Macedonia also helped Bulgarian rite Catholics, but in general, the rite was short lived. Bore’s career is recounted and the ideas that guided his life and work are explained.
Physical Security of the U.S. Power Grid: High-Voltage Transformer Substations (2014)

This report discusses the electric power industry which consists of electric power grid of over 200,000 miles of high-voltage transmission lines.
Towards a distributed programming environment based on incremental compilation (1984)

A Programming Environment is a system that provides computer assistance during software development and maintenance. The primary objective of this work concerns practically usable methods and tools in the construction of incremental and integrated programming environments that provide good support for debugging and testing of programs in a distributed context, in our case a host-target configuration. Such a system, called DICE-Distributed Incremental Compiling Environment, has been constructed and currently supports development of PASCAL programs. Three of the papers in this volume are concerned with this topic.It is demonstrated how powerful symbolic debuggers may be implemented with the aid of an incremental compiler. Methods for statement-level incremental compilation are described. Strategies suitable for implementing programming environments are discussed and exemplified by the DICE system. Some preliminary experience from the use of the prototype version of the DICE system is given. The concept of Consistent Incremental Compilation is defined, both informally and by algebraic methods. A semi-form al description of the architecture of the DICE system is presented. Many aspects of this system description are relevant for a large class of programming environments of this kind. Problems that arise from allowing mixed execution and program editing are also considered.One of the tools in a programming environment is the prettyprinter. The topic of the fourth paper is the automatic generation of prettyprinters. A language-independent algorithm for adaptive prettyprinting is described together with its application to ADA and PASCAL. Problems associated with the representation and prettyprinting of comments in abstract syntax trees are discussed together with some solutions.
Targeting tumor suppressor genes for cancer therapy (2015)

Cancer drugs are broadly classified into two categories: cytotoxic chemotherapies and targeted therapies that specifically modulate the activity of one or more proteins involved in cancer. Major advances have been achieved in targeted cancer therapies in the past few decades, which is ascribed to the increasing understanding of molecular mechanisms for cancer initiation and progression. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies and small molecules have been developed to interfere with a specific molecular oncogenic target. Targeting gain-of-function mutations, in general, has been productive. However, it has been a major challenge to use standard pharmacologic approaches to target loss-of-function mutations of tumor suppressor genes. Novel approaches, including synthetic lethality and collateral vulnerability screens, are now being developed to target gene defects in p53, PTEN, and BRCA1/2. Here, we review and summarize the recent findings in cancer genomics, drug development, and molecular cancer biology, which show promise in targeting tumor suppressors in cancer therapeutics.
Impact of a newspaper article on attitudes toward mental illness (1996)

The authors investigated the effect of reading a newspaper article reporting a violent crime committed by a mental patient (target article) on attitudes toward people with mental illnesses. The authors also investigated the effect of corrective information (prophylactic articles) on the attitudes of readers of the target article. Student participants responded to questionnaires which included the Community Attitudes Toward Mental Illness (CAMI) scales to assess their views of and reactions to people with mental illness. The authors found those reading the target article without first reading a prophylactic article reported harsher attitudes toward those with mental illness than participants who either read a prophylactic article prior to reading the target article or who read articles unrelated to mental illness. These findings support the assertion that negative media reports contribute to negative attitudes toward people with mental illnesses, and that corrective information may be effective in mitigating the effect of these negative reports. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Antimicrobial polymer composites with copper micro- and nanoparticles: Effect of particle size and polymer matrix (2015)

The addition of metal particles, for instance, silver or copper, into polymer matrices is a relevant strategy producing novel antimicrobial materials. By using two particles with diameters around 10 nm and 45 µm, and polymers with different characteristics, the effect of filler size and matrix on the biocide behavior of polymer/copper composites was studied. The composites were prepared by melt mixing, and the ion release from these materials was used to obtain critical information about the processes involved. Regarding the effect of the particle size, our results for polypropylene showed that this variable drastically changes the release of copper from the matrix. The ion release rate from nanocomposites increased quickly exhibiting a sharp maximum during the first day; meanwhile, in microcomposites, the release rate increased slowly releasing lower ions. The relevance of particle size was confirmed by the antibacterial behavior of the samples as polypropylene with nanoparticles displayed larger activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria than microcomposites. These results further showed the relationship between copper ion release and antimicrobial behavior in polymer/metal composites. Our findings further revealed that the ion release from polymer composites could be improved by either increasing the hydrophilic characteristic of the matrix or by lowering its crystallinity. These observations allowed the conclusion that both the polymeric matrix and the size of the metal filler are relevant variables toward the design of antimicrobial composite materials.
The role of adenosine as a novel bronchoprovocant in asthma (2003)

Taken together these studies evidence that hyperresponsiveness to inhaled adenosine may be a better marker of airway allergic inflammation than hyperresponsiveness to other spasmogens. This peculiar property of adenosine suggests that bronchial provocation with inhaled adenosine could provide a reliable noninvasive tool for monitoring asthma activity/progression, and assessing the response to antiinflammatory treatments.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (1991)

ALTHOUGH nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) was first de- scribed in the late 1940s almost simultaneously, but indepen- dently, by Bloch' of Stanford University and Purcell2 of Har- vard University, the technique was applied only in analytic chemistry for two and a halfdecades. Following the discovery of computed x-ray tomography, Lauterbur3 of New York in 1973 published a paper indicating the possibility of gener- ating three-dimensional images by a method that allowed the localization of radiofrequency signals within a volume. Very rapidly thereafter, important developments took place 4'5 and
Parathyroid imaging with technetium-99m-sestamibi: an initial institutional experience. (1994)

Tc-99m-sestamibi scanning is helpful in the reoperative setting as an adjunct to localizing abnormal parathyroid tissue. A higher percentage of positive tests occurs in patients with mediastinal and single gland disease. A higher dose of Tc-99m-sestamibi (15 mCi) significantly improves test sensitivity.
A JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS (1909)

Sustained administration of trazodone enhances serotonergic neurotransmission: In vivo electrophysiological study in the rat brain
Cellular mechanisms of the antitumor activity of recombinant IL-6 in mice (1992)

The systemic administration of human rIL-6 to mice resulted in the regression of established, 3-day pulmonary micrometastases from two weakly immunogenic tumors, but not from a nonimmunogenic tumor, in the absence of observable toxicity. Although IL-6 alone failed to have a significant therapeutic impact on advanced, 10-day pulmonary macrometastases from weakly immunogenic tumors, substantial cure rates of mice could be achieved when this cytokine was combined with cyclophosphamide. Histologic analysis of the lungs of mice receiving IL-6 revealed infiltration with lymphoid cells during the regression of pulmonary nodules from a weakly immunogenic tumor. IL-6-mediated tumor regression could be abrogated after selective in vivo depletion of either CD4 or CD8 T cell subsets by the systemic administration of specific mAb. In vivo generation of tumor-specific CTL, but not of lymphokine-activated killer cells, was detected in the lungs of IL-6-treated mice during regression of pulmonary metastases. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a role for IL-6 in the treatment of established solid tumors that have the capacity to elicit T cell responses in the host. Differences in host cellular mechanisms involved in tumor regression mediated by immunotherapy using IL-6 vs IL-2 are discussed.
A Selective, Miniaturized, Low-cost Detection Element for a Photoacoustic CO2 Sensor for Room Climate Monitoring (2014)

We present a miniaturized, low-cost detection element for a photoacoustic spectroscopic gas sensor system. The sensing element consists of a commercial mobile phone microphone and a standard TO socket. The elements are mounted under gas atmosphere and serve as gas selective reference cell. The system is able to detect CO2 selectively with a resolution better than 100 ppm. Further characterization included different environmental conditions and gas cross-sensitivities. The potential for further miniaturization and the realization as a low-cost mass market sensor is shown.
An Isomünchnone-Based Method for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2(1<i>H</i>)-Pyridones (1999)

1-(Benzenesulfonyl-diazoacetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one was prepared by a diazo transfer of 1-(benzenesulfonylacetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one with p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide and triethylamine. Treatment of the diazoimide with a catalytic quantity of rhodium(II) acetate resulted in the formation of an isomünchnone dipole, which underwent bimolecular trapping with various dipolarophiles in high yield. The initially formed cycloadducts were not isolable or observed, as they all readily underwent ring opening to give the 3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridone ring system. The 3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridones were readily converted to the corresponding triflates, which function as suitable substrates in various types of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Commercial tetrakis(triphenylphoshine)palladium was found to be a particularly effective catalyst for the cross-coupling with aryl, vinyl, and acetylenic partners. An application of the method to the synthesis of the indolizidine alkaloid (±)-ipalbidine was carried out in eight steps in 17% overall yield. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (−)-A58365A was also synthesized by a process based on the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of a phenylsulfonyl substituted isomünchnone intermediate. The starting material for this process was prepared from l-pyroglutamic acid and involved using a diazo phenylsulfonyl substituted pyrrolidine imide. Treatment of the diazoimide with Rh2(OAc)4 in the presence of methyl vinyl ketone afforded a 3-hydroxy-2-pyridone derivative, which was subsequently converted to the ACE inhibitor in six additional steps.