gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Core-Scale Heterogeneities Using Laboratory Pressure Transients (1992)

Summary We constructed a novel, state-of-the-art laboratory setup that captures several hundred pressure readings per second to study the response of cores to pressure disturbances. We used our new experimental setup to measure accurately and rapidly permeability of homogeneous cores, matrix and fractured properties of a fractured rock, and the individual segment properties of a butted core sample.
Detection of a Diverse Marine Fish Fauna Using Environmental DNA from Seawater Samples (2012)

Marine ecosystems worldwide are under threat with many fish species and populations suffering from human over-exploitation. This is greatly impacting global biodiversity, economy and human health. Intriguingly, marine fish are largely surveyed using selective and invasive methods, which are mostly limited to commercial species, and restricted to particular areas with favourable conditions. Furthermore, misidentification of species represents a major problem. Here, we investigate the potential of using metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) obtained directly from seawater samples to account for marine fish biodiversity. This eDNA approach has recently been used successfully in freshwater environments, but never in marine settings. We isolate eDNA from ½-litre seawater samples collected in a temperate marine ecosystem in Denmark. Using next-generation DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons, we obtain eDNA from 15 different fish species, including both important consumption species, as well as species rarely or never recorded by conventional monitoring. We also detect eDNA from a rare vagrant species in the area; European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus). Additionally, we detect four bird species. Records in national databases confirmed the occurrence of all detected species. To investigate the efficiency of the eDNA approach, we compared its performance with 9 methods conventionally used in marine fish surveys. Promisingly, eDNA covered the fish diversity better than or equal to any of the applied conventional methods. Our study demonstrates that even small samples of seawater contain eDNA from a wide range of local fish species. Finally, in order to examine the potential dispersal of eDNA in oceans, we performed an experiment addressing eDNA degradation in seawater, which shows that even small (100-bp) eDNA fragments degrades beyond detectability within days. Although further studies are needed to validate the eDNA approach in varying environmental conditions, our findings provide a strong proof-of-concept with great perspectives for future monitoring of marine biodiversity and resources.
Novel 1,1′- and 1,3-disubstituted ferrocene-containing thermotropic liquid crystals: a remarkable isomeric effect (1991)

Comparison of results obtained from 1,1â²- and 1,3-disubstituted ferrocenes clearly demonstrates the influence of structural isomerism on the mesomorphic properties.
Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenol Content, and Related Compounds in Different Fruit Juices and Homogenates Prepared from 29 Different Pomegranate Accessions (2007)

Pomegranate juice is well known for its health beneficial compounds, which can be attributed to its high level of antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content. Our objective was to study the relationships between antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, total anthocyanins content, and the levels of four major hydrolyzable tannins in four different juices/homogenates prepared from different sections of the fruit. To this end, 29 different accessions were tested. The results showed that the antioxidant activity in aril juice correlated significantly to the total polyphenol and anthocyanin contents. However, the homogenates prepared from the whole fruit exhibited an approximately 20-fold higher antioxidant activity than the level found in the aril juice. Unlike the arils, the antioxidant level in the homogenates correlated significantly to the content of the four hydrolyzable tannins in which punicalagin is predominant, while no correlation was found to the level of anthocyanins.
Analysis of stresses in a limpet-coil pressure vessel due to pressure in the coil (1974)

A theoretical analysis was carried out to determine the distribution of stresses and radial deflections due to internal pressure in the limpet of a limpet-coil pressure vessel. A computer programme was developed to carry out the complete calculations. Theoretical results for a vessel having the dimensions of a test vessel were compared with the corresponding experimental values obtained from strain-gauge and deflection-gauge measurements on the test vessel itself.
Cross-Layer Analysis of Error Control in Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

Severe energy constraints and hence the low power communication requirements amplify the significance of the energy efficient and preferably cross-layer error control mechanisms in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper, a cross-layer methodology for the analysis of error control schemes in WSNs is presented such that the effects of multi-hop routing and the broadcast nature of the wireless channel are investigated. More specifically, the cross-layer effects of routing, medium access and physical layers are considered. This analysis enables a comprehensive comparison of forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) in WSNs. FEC schemes improve the error resiliency compared to ARQ. In a multi-hop network, this improvement can be exploited by reducing the transmit power (transmit power control) or by constructing longer hops (hop length extension), which can be achieved through channel-aware routing protocols. The results of our analysis reveal that for certain FEC codes, the hop length extension decreases both the energy consumption and the end-to-end latency subject to a target PER compared to ARQ. Thus, FEC codes can be regarded as an important candidate for delay sensitive traffic in WSNs. On the other hand, transmit power control results in significant savings in energy consumption at the cost of increased latency. Moreover, the cases where ARQ outperforms FEC codes are indicated for various end-to-end distance and target PER values
Association of a Common Polymorphism in the Factor XIII Gene with Myocardial Infarction (1998)

Factor XIII when activated by thrombin, crosslinks fibrin, however its role in thrombotic disorders is unknown. A common point mutation (G-->T) in exon 2 of the A-subunit gene which codes for an amino acid change three amino acids from the thrombin activation site (Factor XIIIVal34Leu) is a candidate for a role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction. Factor XIII genotype frequencies were determined in a case-control study of 398 caucasian patients and 196 healthy controls. Patients had undergone angiography for investigation of coronary artery disease and were evaluated for a history of myocardial infarction. The prevalence of the mutation was lower in patients with myocardial infarction than without (32% vs. 50%), p = 0.0009 and than in controls (32% vs. 48%), p = 0.005. Patients possessing the mutation with a history of myocardial infarction had higher PAI-1 concentrations (mean, 27.9 vs. 16.7 ng/ml, p = 0.004) and the PAI-1 4G/4G genotype was commoner (43% vs. 26%, p = 0.03). There was no difference in PAI-1 4G/4G genotype (33% vs. 32%) and PAI-1 levels (mean, 21.0 vs. 20.9 ng/ml) in patients possessing wild type with MI compared to those without MI. These results indicate that the G-->T mutation coding for factor XIIIVal34Leu is protective against myocardial infarction and suggest a mechanism whereby elevated levels of PAI-1 may contribute to vascular risk.
The relationship between family and employment outcomes (2005)

Abstract Institutional leaders should consider the consequences of policies, practices, and social forces that force women to choose between work and family.
[A comparative study of the antiarrhythmic action of bonnecor and the mesidide derivatives of alpha-azacycloalkane carboxylic acids]. (1994)

The antiarrhythmic properties of the dibenzazepine derivative bonnecor and derivatives of mesidides of alpha-azacycloalkanocarboxylic acids were studied in various experimental arrhythmia models. The comparative study revealed different antiarrhythmic effects in different arrhythmia models. Bonnecor was found to have a higher antiarrhythmic activity in most arrhythmic models. Tertiary salts were demonstrated to be more potent than quaternary ones.
Impact of fluid replacement on heat storage while wearing protective clothing (2000)

This study used partitional calorimetry to determine the influence of fluid replacement on heat storage during uncompensable heat stress. Eight males performed either light (L; level treadmill walking at 0.97 m x s(-1) (3.5 km x h(-1)) or heavy (H; 1.33 m x s(-1) (4.8 km x h(-1)) at a 4% grade) exercise at 40 degrees C and 30% relative humidity while wearing nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protective clothing. Subjects received either no fluid (NF), or 200 or 250 ml of fluid (F) as warm water at approximately 35 degrees C immediately before and every 15 min during the L and H trials respectively. Similar reductions in heart rate were observed at both metabolic rates with F but rectal temperature responses were not different between F and NF. Tolerance time was extended during L/F (106.5 +/- 22.1 min) compared with L/NF (93.1 +/- 20.8 min) but fluid replacement had no influence during H (59.8 +/- 9.5 min and 58.3 +/- 11.1 min for F and NF respectively). Fluid replacement also had no effect on the rate of heat storage during L (108.2 +/- 20.6 W x m(-2) and 111.0 +/- 22.6 W x m(-2) for F and NF respectively) and H (172.5 +/- 11.5 W x m(-2) and 182.1 +/- 15.8 W x m(-2) for F and NF respectively). However, heat storage expressed per unit of mass was significantly increased during L/F (18.5 +/- 4.0 kJ x kg(-1) ) compared with the other trials (16.3 +/- 4.8 kJ x kg(-1), 16.6 +/- 3.0 kJ x kg(-1) and 16.7 +/- 4.0 kJ x kg(-1) for L/NF, H/F and H/NF respectively). It was concluded that fluid replacement does not alter the rate of heat storage during uncompensable heat stress but does increase the heat storage capacity during light exercise when tolerance times are > 60 min.
Toward an Understanding of the High Enantioselectivity in the Osmium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation. 3. New Insights into Isomeric Forms of the Putative Osmaoxetane Intermediate (1996)

A systematic study of the possible diastereomeric osmaoxetane intermediates in the asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction (AD) has been undertaken. Several of these intermediates have been examined by DFT-calculations using ruthenium as a model for osmium. Changes in the puckering of the metallaoxetane, together with interactions of the substrate with the “binding pocket” of the ligand, seem to be responsible for the selectivities observed for the different olefin substitution patterns. Two levels of enantioselection, formation of the ligated osmaoxetane and its rearrangement to the glycolate, add up to the usually observed high enantioselectivity. An electrostatic dipole−dipole interaction between the osmaoxetane and the ester/imino ester moiety of the ligand is proposed to play an additional role in the transition state stabilization. The osmaoxetane intermediate explains all observed enantioselectivities in the asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction.
Pfropfung und vernetzung mittels azogruppen enthaltender copolymerer, 6 (1977)

Abstract Copolymers containing styrene and 2‐(4‐vinylphenylazo)‐2‐methylmalononitrile units were grafted with acrylonitrile. It was found that kinetically this reaction behaves similar to the acrylonitrile polymerisation initiated by low‐molecular azocompounds. The reaction products were fractionated into graft‐copolymer, ungrafted backbone‐polymer and polyacrylonitrile. The characteristic values for the grafting reaction (ε, U G , π) were determined.
Versatile RAFT dispersion polymerization in cononsolvents for the synthesis of thermoresponsive nanogels with controlled composition, functionality and architecture (2014)

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization in cononsolvents of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was developed as a versatile strategy for the synthesis of thermoresponsive nanogels with controlled composition, functionality and architecture. Cononsolvents composed of mixtures of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol with water were first screened for their suitability as the media for dispersion polymerization of NIPAM, and water–ethanol (75 : 25, v : v) solution was selected due to good RAFT control, efficient formation of nanogels and low toxicity. RAFT dispersion polymerization of NIPAM in the cononsolvent using poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (Macro-CTA) showed good control over the molecular weight, polydispersity and pseudo linear polymerization kinetics, as characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR. The effect of the molecular weight of Macro-CTA, the degree of polymerization of PNIPAM, the molar ratio of [crosslinker] : [Macro-CTA] and the solid content on the formation and size of nanogels was investigated. The thermal profiles of nanogels were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) both in cononsolvents and water. This cononsolvency strategy for dispersion polymerization was shown to be compatible with the incorporation of hydrophilic comonomers of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide (HEAM) and diacetone acrylamide (DAAM). The nanogel containing DAAM was demonstrated for postpolymerization modification using ketone–alkoxyamine chemistry. More importantly, dispersion polymerization in cononsolvents allowed various hydrophobic components, e.g. butyl acrylate (BA), fluorescein O-acrylate (FLA), and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), to be reliably copolymerized with NIPAM, showing well controlled polymerization, composition, nanogel size and colloidal stability. Finally, an amphiphilic block copolymer PDMA-b-PBA was used as a Macro-CTA to produce the PDMA-b-PBA-b-PNIPAM triblock copolymer and triple-layered nanogel, taking advantage of the solubility of PDMA-b-PBA and the insolubility of PNIPAM in the water–ethanol solution at the polymerization temperature.
Coenzyme Q10 and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review (2002)

This article provides a comprehensive review of 30 years of research on the use of coenzyme Q10 in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This endogenous antioxidant has potential for use in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, particularly hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. It appears that levels of coenzyme Q10 are decreased during therapy with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, gemfibrozil, Adriamycin, and certain beta blockers. Further clinical trials are warranted, but because of its low toxicity it may be appropriate to recommend coenzyme Q10 to select patients as an adjunct to conventional treatment.
Active noise control in headsets: A new approach for broadband feedback ANC (2011)

In this paper a novel approach for broadband feedback active noise control (ANC) is presented which is based on the combination of classical non-adaptive feedback and adaptive feedback ANC techniques. The non-adaptive part is suitable to attenuate low frequency ambient noise whereas the adaptive part attenuates periodic components of the ambient noise. The proposed technique yields a higher overall noise attenuation performance compared to a purely classical non-adaptive feedback or purely adaptive feedback ANC system. In addition to that, the combination of both techniques is also beneficial for practical realizations since the adaptive feedback ANC stabilizes the overall system. With regard to low cost headset devices, the impact of practical hard ware constraints such as low-cost analog-to-digital and digital-to analog converters (ADC, DAC) is discussed. As a conclusion, a mixed analog-digital realization of the new approach is proposed.
A New, Convenient Synthesis of 1,6‐Diaryl‐2‐thioxoperhydro‐4‐pyrimidinones: Reaction of 3‐Phenyl‐2‐propenoyl Isothiocyanate With Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Amines (1987)

Abstract The substitued thioureas 3a–h , prepared form 3‐phenyl‐2‐propenoyl isothiocyanate ( 1 ) and aromatic or heteroaromatic amines 2a–h , cyclize in the presence of sodium ethoxide to give the perhydropyrimidine derivatives 5a–c .
Mitral valvuloplasty with a new prosthetic ring Analysis of the first 105 cases (1994)

From October 1987 to March 1993, 105 patients were studied who have undergone valvuloplasty with an open ring. They ranged from 5 to 79 years (mean 30); 33 (31.4%) were under 16. All patients had mitral insufficiency, alone in 62 (59.0%) and associated with mitral stenosis (double mitral lesion) in 43 (41.0%). In the majority of the cases, the aetiology was rheumatic (78.1%); active in 10 (9.5%) patients. Three patients (2.9%) were in class II, 42 (40.0%) in class III, 57 (54.3%) in class IV and 3 (2.9%) in class V. Ten patients (9.5%) had isolated ring implantation while the remaining underwent associated procedures on the leaflets, chordae and papillary muscles. There were two (1.9%) hospital deaths, and six patients (5.7%) had to be reoperated. On the 30th (mean) postoperative day, 75 (71.4%) patients were reevaluated by catheterization, echo Doppler or both to confirm the effectiveness of the techniques employed. The mitral valve was functioning normally or with mitral regurgitation + in 63 (84.0%) patients, mitral regurgitation + + in 2 (2.7%), mitral regurgitation + + + in 5 (6.7%), mitral stenosis + in 4 (5.3%), and mitral stenosis + + in 1 (1.3%) patient. The results were therefore considered excellent in 63 (84.0%) patients with either normal mitral valve or mitral regurgitation +, good in 6 (8.0%) patients with mitral regurgitation + + and/or mitral stenosis +, and poor in 6 (8.0%) patients with mitral regurgitation + + + and/or mitral stenosis + +. Two deaths (1.9%) occurred within the first 7 months of follow-up. Patients were evaluated clinically 1-67 months postoperatively (mean 27):90 (85.7%) were in class I, 4 (3.8%) in class II, 4 (3.8%) in class III and 1 (1.0%) in class IV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human-computer interaction : INTERACT '90 : proceedings of the IFIP TC 13 Third International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, held in Cambridge, U.K., 27-31 August, 1990 (1990)

The Efforts of the '80s in Human-Computer Interaction (G. Cockton). Invited Papers. SIOIS - Standard Interfaces or Interface Standards (T. Stewart). Empirical Studies of the Software Design Process (B. Curtis). Foundations. Educational and Social Issues. Cognitive Ergonomics. User Modelling. Formal Methods. Design: Theories, Methods and Tools. Studies and Analyses of Design. Users, Tasks and Organizations: Requirements and Analysis. Prototyping. Evaluation. Design and Evaluation Tools. Detailed Design. Menus. Graphical and Iconic Interfaces. User Support. Hypermedia. Construction Tools. Interactive Technologies and Techniques. Input. Output. Speech and Natural Language. Applications and Case Studies. Knowledge-Based Systems. Computer Supported Co-operative Work. Applications. Software Development. Programming. Doctoral Programme. Panel Sessions. Author Index. Subject Index.
Drilling Optimization Software Verified in the North Sea (1997)

Abstract This paper presents the introduction, application and verification of a new drilling optimization approach. During the past decades rate of penetration (ROP) models for all types of drilling bits were developed and verified. The unique software uses these models in a new approach that optimizes the drilling cost on each hole section. The simulation of ROP every foot gives the capability to simulate the effects of all operating conditions, bit design, bit wear and formation properties. All the penetration rate models used can be inverted to solve for rock strength if ROP, operating conditions, lithology percentage and field reported bit wear is known. This imply that if one well has been drilled, and the penetration rates are inverted, a foot by foot strength is obtained, by integrating over each individual bit run until the field reported bit wear matches the calculated. This strength is then used as input for simulation, and it is shown that the drilling cost for one particular 12,25" section can be reduced as much as 45-50 percent by changing bit design and operating conditions. This approach has been verified with North Sea data where the generated rock strength from the 12,25" section has been used as input to simulate the ROP and rotating time. These simulations compare well with the measurements of ROP, made in the two following wellbores drilled in the same field. Simulating ROP using drilling data from a well in a nearby field also gave promising comparisons. Introduction The DRilling OPtimzation Simulator (DROPS) is developed to reduce the cost of future wells based on a Geological Drilling Log (GDL), created from the data collected in a previous well drilled in the same area. The GDL is created using ROP models inverted to calculate rock compressive strength. The simulator has the capability of simulating any combination of operating conditions, bit designs, pull depths, hydraulics, WOB and RPM. The basic idea behind DROPS is to simulate the drilling operation prior to the actual drilling, and to find the optimum cost level. Simulations to verify the software (drill behinds) have been performed using actual field data from the North Sea, provided by Saga Petroleum ASA, well A and B. Data from well C, provided by Statoil, have also been used in the drill behind simulations. The simulated ROP results from the drill behind compares well with the results for actual measured ROP and cumulative rotating time, which are promising for further development and application of the method. Based on the comparison some cost optimizations for future wells in this region have also been performed. The cost reductions obtained indicate potential cost savings of 45-50 percent of total drilling cost per well, compared to the current industry practice in the area. By using this methodology in the planning process the most cost effective drilling program can be obtained.