gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein Organizes Neuronal Synaptogenesis as a Cell Adhesion Molecule (2012)

Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) is the essential component of receptor complexes mediating immune responses to interleukin-1 family cytokines. IL-1RAcP in the brain exists in two isoforms, IL-1RAcP and IL-1RAcPb, differing only in the C-terminal region. Here, we found robust synaptogenic activities of IL-1RAcP in cultured cortical neurons. Knockdown of IL-1RAcP isoforms in cultured cortical neurons suppressed synapse formation as indicated by decreases of active zone protein Bassoon puncta and dendritic protrusions. IL-1RAcP recovered the accumulation of presynaptic Bassoon puncta, while IL-1RAcPb rescued both Bassoon puncta and dendritic protrusions. Consistently, the expression of IL-1RAcP in cortical neurons enhances the accumulation of Bassoon puncta and that of IL-1RAcPb stimulated both Bassoon puncta accumulation and spinogenesis. IL-1RAcP interacted with protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) δ through the extracellular domain. Mini-exon peptides in the Ig-like domains of PTPδ splice variants were critical for their efficient binding to IL-1RAcP. The synaptogenic activities of IL-1RAcP isoforms were diminished in cortical neurons from PTPδ knock-out mice. Correspondingly, PTPδ required IL-1RAcPb to induce postsynaptic differentiation. Thus, IL-1RAcPb bidirectionally regulated synapse formation of cortical neurons. Furthermore, the spine densities of cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons were reduced in IL-1RAcP knock-out mice lacking both isoforms. These results suggest that IL-1RAcP isoforms function as trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules in the brain and organize synapse formation. Thus, IL-1RAcP represents an interesting molecular link between immune systems and synapse formation in the brain.
Moderate levels of ethanol induce expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and stimulate angiogenesis (2001)

Alcohol abuse has a negative impact on human health; however, epidemiological studies show that moderate consumption of ethanol (EtOH) reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, and ischemic stroke. The mechanisms for these reductions in cardiovascular disease are not well established. Using cultured coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells, we found that moderate levels of EtOH (10 and 20 mM) caused dose-related increases in both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA (Northern blot) expression (1.9- and 2.6-fold) and VEGF protein (ELISA) expression (19 and 68%) compared with control (P < 0.05). EtOH at 0.25 g. kg(-1). day(-1) (7 days) increased VEGF mRNA expression by 1.48-fold over control, and increased vessel length density from 3.9 +/- 0.7 (control) to 6.0 +/- 0.3 mm/mm(2) (P < 0.05) in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). We conclude that moderate levels of ethanol can induce VEGF expression and stimulate angiogenesis in chick CAM. Therefore, the results provide a theoretical basis for speculating that the cardiovascular-protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption may be partly mediated through VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
Relationship between Genetic Distance among Parents and Genetic Variance in Populations of Soybean (1997)

A major goal of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding is the development and identification of high yielding transgressive segregants. Populations that have greater genetic variations should, on average, have more transgressive segregants than populations with lesser variance. The goal of this research was to study whether the genetic distances between parents of crosses were predictive of which crosses have the greatest genetic variance for yield and other agronomic traits. Genetic variance for seed yield, plant height and maturity date was estimated for three sets of populations in field tests. The first set included eight populations evaluated in 1989 and 1990, the second set included 21 populations evaluated in 1993 and a subset of 13 populations evaluated in 1994, and the third set included 24 populations evaluated in 1994 and a subset of 10 populations evaluated in 1995. The parents of the crosses were evaluated with RFLP markers to estimate RFLP distances (RFD) and for coefficient of parentage (CP) which was subtracted from one to measure genealogical distances (GD). Both GD and RFD were significantly ( P < 0.05) correlated with genetic variance for plant height for the first set. There were no significant correlations between either genetic distance estimator and genetic variance for any trait in the second set. In the third set, GD was significantly correlated with maturity and plant height and RFD was significantly correlated with maturity. Genetic variance for yield was adjusted for maturity with covariance analysis. These adjustments reduced the estimates of yield variance and mostly reduced the correlations between yield variance and genetic distance estimates. To further evaluate the predictive ability of GD and RFD, the populations in each set were subdivided in to two groups, one with parents that had the greatest genetic distance and the other with the least distance based on GD or RFD. The average genetic variance for yield of populations in the more distant group was greater than for the less distant group for the first and third set. These differences were significant for the third set in both years for RFD. These results indicate that although genetic distance can not accurately predict genetic variance of individual crosses, it can on average be useful to identify groups of crosses that will produce populations with greater genetic variance
Interaction between Poly(2‐ hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and High Energy Excimer Laser Radiation (1992)

Abstract Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was prepared by bulk polymerization and then exposed to ablation by 193‐nm pulsed radiation provided by an ArF excimer laser. The etch curve, i.e. ablation rate versus radiation fluence, presents two changes in the slope, which are consistent with a presumably characteristic behaviour of addition polymers with a strong tendency towards thermal depolymerization. Samples exposed to two fluences, each in the vicinity of one of the inflection points, were analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) at two different take‐off angles. The results suggest that the ablation mechanism may vary when the fluence changes. At the higher fluence (280mJ/cm 2 ), depolymerization is the dominant process and the material left after etching displays almost no change in the O/C atomic ratio. At the lower fluence (80mJ/cm 2 ), cleavage of the pendant group is dominant and the O/C ratio decreases significantly, especially on the polymer surface.
Integration of metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization and organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization through a bifunctional initiator (2018)

We demonstrate the first integration of metal-free ROMP and organocatalyzed ROP to provide entirely metal-free syntheses of block copolymers.
Exosomes from Cardiomyocyte Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulate Angiogenesis Via EMMPRIN (2016)

To date, cellular transplantation therapy has not yet fulfilled its high expectations for cardiac repair. A major limiting factor is lack of long-term engraftment of the transplanted cells. Interestingly, transplanted cells can positively affect their environment via secreted paracrine factors, among which are extracellular vesicles, including exosomes: small bi-lipid-layered vesicles containing proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. An exosome-based therapy will therefore relay a plethora of effects, without some of the limiting factors of cell therapy. Since cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (CMPC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induce vessel formation and are frequently investigated for cardiac-related therapies, the pro-angiogenic properties of CMPC and MSC-derived exosome-like vesicles are investigated. Both cell types secrete exosome-like vesicles, which are efficiently taken up by endothelial cells. Endothelial cell migration and vessel formation are stimulated by these exosomes in in vitro models, mediated via ERK/Akt-signaling. Additionally, these exosomes stimulated blood vessel formation into matrigel plugs. Analysis of pro-angiogenic factors revealed high levels of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). Knockdown of EMMPRIN on CMPCs leads to a diminished pro-angiogenic effect, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, CMPC and MSC exosomes have powerful pro-angiogenic effects, and this effect is largely mediated via the presence of EMMPRIN on exosomes.
Sectas católicas en España (2004)

Vesicular traffic within the early secretory pathway is mediated by COPI- and COPII-coated vesicles. While COPII-coated vesicles appear to be involved exclusively in the export of secretory proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), COPI-coated vesicles seem to function in both anterograde and retrograde transport between the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (IC) and the Golgi as well as in intra-Golgi transport. Here, we focus on (i) the mechanisms how these transport carriers are formed from a given donor membrane; and (ii) the possible mechanisms involved in sorting of proteins and lipids into such transport vesicles.
IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF PAPER BY GRAFT COPOLYMERISATION (1986)

Résumé II s'agit de la description d'un procédé visant à stabiliser la désintégration du papier et à réparer une grande partie des dégâts, au moyen d'une copolymérisation par greffe. Une préparation de monomères acryliques est introduite dans des Iivres fermés, que I'on laisse ensuite s'équilibrer quelques heures, de fa con à ce que cette preparation se répande uniformement dans le papier Le livre est ensuite exposé aux rayons gamma qui convertissent les monomères en polymère et le fixent simultanément au papier Les feuilles individuelles sont en fait converties en un composé de papier/polymàre sans, toutefois, changer d'apparance ni coller les unes aux autres. Toute la gamme des papier pour livres peut être traitée de cette fac on. Quand on incorpore 12 à 15% de polymère par poids, la resistance aux plis des feuilles traitées augmente de 5 à 25 fois. La résistance à I'acide est bien améliorée, spécialement quand un comonomère de base est inclu dans la préparation Les livres n'ont pas besoin d'être préconditionnés, et les encres d'imprimerie ne sont pas touchées. L'article décrit les progrés réalisés pour définir les conditions de réaction recommandées et pour simplifier les procédures utilisées, et discute des applications potentielles sur une grande échelle.
Illuminating the structure of code and decoder of parallel concatenated recursive systematic (turbo) codes (2002)

A coding scheme (turbo codes) was proposed, that achieves almost reliable data communication at signal-to-noise ratios very close to the Shannon-limit. We show that the associated iterative decoder can be formulated in a simpler fashion by passing information from one decoder to the next using log-likelihood ratios as opposed to channel values that need to be normalized. Also no heuristically determined correction parameters are necessary for stable decoding. In addition, we can reduce the average number of iterations needed for the same BER performance by determining when further iterations achieve no more benefit. Furthermore, it seems that the trellis-termination problem appears non-trivial and we give a pragmatic suboptimal solution. We investigate different block sizes and also a hybrid scheme that performs extremely well with less computations. A drawback of the codes has been discovered: the BER curves show a flattening at higher signal-to-noise ratios, this is due to the small minimum distance of the whole code. By analyzing the interleaver used in the encoder we can calculate approximations to the BER at high SNRs. Finally, by careful interleaver manipulation the minimum distance of the code can be increased and the error-coefficient for the remaining small distance events can be further reduced. Furthermore, we have investigated the influence of the interleaver length on the SNR needed to achieve a certain BER. Simulations confirm both the analytical approximation to the BER as well as the method for interleaver design which yields a marked improvement at higher SNR.
Effects of Cultural Familiarity on Reading Comprehension. (1991)

The expression of EGFR on five human uveal melanoma cell lines is correlated with an increased capacity to localize in the liver, an increased resistance to TNF-mediated lysis, and decreased survival. Targeting EGFR expression and function may be a fruitful strategy for managing patients with uveal melanoma.
Adaptive and block excisions in spread spectrum communication systems using the wavelet transform (2002)

Adaptive wavelet domain filtering techniques are used for interference excision in spread spectrum communication systems to immunize the receiver to a large class of jammers, specifically those with burst energy characteristics. A fast wavelet transform along with the sparse structure of the transform-domain correlation matrix can be used to speed up the convergence. We present the adaptive wavelet transform baseband receiver and delineate its properties and performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nondestructive evaluation and underwater repair of composite structures (2008)

CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) Thesis document
Strained quaternary quantum well lasers for high temperature operation (1993)

We describe compressively strained separate confinement heterostructure 1.3 μm quantum well lasers optimized for high temperature operation. The active layer consists of ten GaInAsP wells, each 40–80 Å thick, grown under compressive lattice mismatch strain of Δa/a≤0.75%. Within the constraints of the well composition and thickness imposed on the active region, strain is necessary for efficient laser operation. Best results are obtained for Δa/a∼0.2%–0.3% with the laser threshold as low as 5 mA and slope efficiency of 42 mW/mA. In the temperature range of 25–85 °C a slope efficiency change as small as 30% was achieved. Power output of at least 20 mW can be maintained up to 100 °C at a current drive below 150 mA.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

Carbamoyl Phosphate synthetase catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, a high-energy intermediate used in several biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme from Escherichia coli has been crystallized at pH 8 in the presence of L-ornithine, MnCl(2) and ADP, using PEG 8000 in combination with NEt(4)Cl and KCl. The crystals (apparently) belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell dimensions of a = 154.4, b = 166.5 and c = 338.7 A. The crystals are relatively sensitive to radiation damage, but show diffraction to beyond 2.8 A resolution. A low-resolution (3.5 A) native data set has been recorded and conditions for flash cooling the crystal have been established.
Circulating T follicular regulatory and helper cells have memory-like properties (2014)

Follicular Tregs (Tfr cells) inhibit antibody production, whereas follicular Th cells (Tfh cells) stimulate it. Tfr cells are found in blood; however, relatively little is known about the developmental signals for these cells or their functions. Here we demonstrated that circulating Tfr and Tfh cells share properties of memory cells and are distinct from effector Tfr and Tfh cells found within lymph nodes (LNs). Circulating memory-like Tfh cells were potently reactivated by DCs, homed to germinal centers, and produced more cytokines than did effector LN Tfh cells. Circulating memory-like Tfr cells persisted for long periods of time in vivo and homed to germinal centers after reactivation. Effector LN Tfr cells suppressed Tfh cell activation and production of cytokines, including IL-21, and inhibited class switch recombination and B cell activation. The suppressive function of this population was not dependent on specific antigen. Similar to LN effector Tfr cells, circulating Tfr cells also suppressed B and Tfh cells, but with a much lower capacity. Our data indicate that circulating memory-like Tfr cells are less suppressive than LN Tfr cells and circulating memory-like Tfh cells are more potent than LN effector Tfh cells; therefore, these circulating populations can provide rapid and robust systemic B cell help during secondary antigen exposure.
Preliminary results on the role of embryonic human chorionic gonadotrophin in corpus luteum rescue during early pregnancy and the relationship to abortion and ectopic pregnancy (1999)

The precise mechanisms by which corpus luteum (CL) function is modulated during early pregnancy are not known. Evidence in failed pregnancies (ectopic, abortions), shows that factors other than human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) could be involved in its regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of beta-HCG, progesterone and oestradiol production in early pregnancy and its relation to embryonic quality and topographic localization. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol and beta-HCG were studied between days +12 and +21 after an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo transfer in 11 intrauterine pregnancies, 10 intrauterine abortions and seven tubal pregnancies. Tubal pregnancies and abortions were grouped according to doubling time (DT) of HCG. Results showed that oestradiol concentrations were apparently reduced in both ectopic pregnancies and abortions compared with normal pregnancies. The fall in oestradiol concentrations was seen in ectopic pregnancies with an abnormal DT for HCG and in all abortions. When the ectopic pregnancy had a normal DT, oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were normal. In abortions, the fall in oestradiol and progesterone concentrations was less influenced by the DT of HCG. These findings suggest that corpus luteum function depends on an adequate DT of HCG more than an absolute value, and with normal trophoblastic tissue the site of implantation does not affect CL function.
MPG1 Encodes a Fungal Hydrophobin Involved in Surface Interactions during Infection-Related Development of Magnaporthe grisea (1996)

Nicholas J. Talbot, Michael J. Kershaw, Gavin E. Wakley, Onno M. H. de Vries, Joseph G. H. Wessels, John E. Hamer, MPG1 Encodes a Fungal Hydrophobin Involved in Surface Interactions during Infection-Related Development of Magnaporthe grisea, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 6 (Jun., 1996), pp. 985-999
AMYLASE—ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (1976)

From the Division of Gastroenterology,Departments of Medicine,Nashville Veterans Administraion Hospital and Vanderbilt University Hospital,Nashville,Tennessee
Anomalous dielectric response in tetrathiafulvalene-<i>p</i>-chloranil as observed in temperature- and pressure-induced neutral-to-ionic phase transition (1991)

The temperature and pressure dependences of the dielectric constants have been measured on the mixed-stack organic charge-transfer crystal, tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil, in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. The dielectric response increases remarkably with decreasing temperature down to ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=81 K, where the neutral-to-ionic (NI) phase transition occurs. On the other hand, with applied pressure at room temperature, the change in the dielectric response is less remarkable, whereas the dc conductivity ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{dc}}$ increases considerably. Such dynamical responses are explained by a Debye-type relaxation model. The strength of the dielectric response is closely correlated with both the relaxation time \ensuremath{\tau} and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{dc}}$. These anomalous dielectric responses are attributed to the dynamics of the NI domain-wall pairs and ionic domains in the neutral lattice.
A proposal for input-sensitivity analysis of profile-driven optimizations on embedded applications (2003)

The ever-increasing gap between processor and memory speed is an issue also in embedded systems, because of the increased complexity of multimedia elaborations and the strict resource constraints of these devices.Profile-driven code optimization techniques can be effectively employed for tuning application-cache interaction and performances of cache system itself. In fact, applications running on such systems are usually known in advance and do not change over time. In a previous paper, we presented a profile-based code restructuring technique (CAT) that was able to dramatically increase cache exploitation of embedded applications.However, it is well known that profile-driven optimizations can suffer from input-sensitivity problems: an application that is optimized for a particular input can perform even worse than the original one, when subjected other inputs.In this paper we take into account jpeg and mpeg compressor/decompressor applications and analyze the input-sensitivity of CAT improved layouts over a wide range of inputs. The input sets were accurately determined through both black-box and white-box analysis of applications.We propose two metrics for measuring the input-sensitivity of application layouts, and show how our profile-driven code transformation technique is able to reduce the input-sensitivity of the considered applications up to 48% on caches ranging from 1 KByte to 8KByte.
A Source Address Validation Architecture (SAVA) Testbed and Deployment Experience (2008)

This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community.It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.Discussion and suggestions
Pharmacodynamic assays to facilitate preclinical and clinical development of pre‐<scp>mRNA</scp> splicing modulatory drug candidates (2015)

The spliceosome has recently emerged as a new target for cancer chemotherapy and novel antitumor spliceosome targeted agents are under development. Here, we describe two types of novel pharmacodynamic assays that facilitate drug discovery and development of this intriguing class of innovative therapeutics; the first assay is useful for preclinical optimization of small-molecule agents that target the SF3B1 spliceosomal protein in animals, the second assay is an ex vivo validated, gel-based assay for the measurement of drug exposure in human leukocytes. The first assay utilizes a highly specific bioluminescent splicing reporter, based on the skipping of exons 4-11 of a Luc-MDM2 construct, which specifically yields active luciferase when treated with small-molecule spliceosome modulators. We demonstrate that this reporter can be used to monitor alternative splicing in whole cells in vitro. We describe here that cell lines carrying the reporter can be used in vivo for the efficient pharmacodynamic analysis of agents during drug optimization and development. We also demonstrate dose- and time-dependent on-target activity of sudemycin D6 (SD6), which leads to dramatic tumor regression. The second assay relies on the treatment of freshly drawn human blood with SD6 ex vivo treatment. Changes in alternative splicing are determined by RT-PCR using genes previously identified in in vitro experiments. The Luc-MDM2 alternative splicing bioluminescent reporter and the splicing changes observed in human leukocytes should allow for the more facile translation of novel splicing modulators into clinical application.