gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Target Enlargement and Dynamic Abstraction within Mixed BDD and SAT Invariant Checking (2004)

In this paper, we propose a methodology to make Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) Solvers cooperate. The underlying idea is simple: We start a verification task with BDDs, we go on with them as long as the problem remains of manageable size, then we switch to SAT, without losing the work done on the BDD domain. We propose target enlargement as an attempt to bring some of the advantages of state set manipulation from BDDs to SAT-based verification. We first, "enlarge" initial and target state sets of a given verification problem by affordable BDD manipulations. This step is carried on with a few breadth-first steps of traversal, or with what we call high-density dynamic abstraction, i.e., a new technique to collect under-approximate reachable state sets. Then, we perform SAT-based verification with the newly computed "enlarged" sets. We experimentally test our methodology within an industrial environment, the Intel BOolean VErifier BOVE. Preliminary results on standard benchmarks (the ISCAS'89, ISCAS'89--addendum, and VIS suites), and industrial ones (the IBM Formal Verification Benchmark Library) are provided. Results show interesting improvements over state-of-the-art techniques: We could decrease CPU time up to a 5x factor, when performing verification with the same depth, or we could increase the verification depth up to 30%, when performing verification within the same time limit
Electrotonic Inhibition and Active Facilitation of Excitability in Ventricular Muscle (1994)

Diastolic excitability of well-polarized ventricular myocardium may be transiently depressed following local responses and transiently enhanced following action potentials. On the other hand, diastolic excitability decreases during quiescence. Active facilitation and electrotonic inhibition may have an important role in determining the dynamics of excitation of the myocardium in the presence of propagation abnormalities.
Deposition of the Appalachian Pottsville (1904)

Research Article| January 01, 1904 Deposition of the Appalachian Pottsville* DAVID WHITE DAVID WHITE Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1904) 15 (1): 267–282. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-15-267 Article history first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation DAVID WHITE; Deposition of the Appalachian Pottsville. GSA Bulletin 1904;; 15 (1): 267–282. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-15-267 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to present certain general facts respecting the conditions of Appalachian sedimentation which have come to light chiefly through the study of the Pottsville floras. A portion of the results of this study, concerning in particular the nature of the basal Pottsville unconformity and the measures of relative sedimentation, has already been presented in the writer’s papers on the fossil plants. The more advanced stage of the paleobotanical work now permits the revision of certain of the conclusions earlier published while further extending their scope in the realm of the physical geography of the period. The present paper is, however, to be regarded as preliminary, or as a mere report of progress, and therefore subject to further revision on the completion of the paleobotanical studies.The Mississippian-Pennsylvanian UnconformityThe existence of an unconformity at the base of the Pottsville series in the Appalachian trough . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
A hole-conductor–free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability (2014)

We fabricated a perovskite solar cell that uses a double layer of mesoporous TiO2 and ZrO2 as a scaffold infiltrated with perovskite and does not require a hole-conducting layer. The perovskite was produced by drop-casting a solution of PbI2, methylammonium (MA) iodide, and 5-ammoniumvaleric acid (5-AVA) iodide through a porous carbon film. The 5-AVA templating created mixed-cation perovskite (5-AVA)x(MA)1- xPbI3 crystals with lower defect concentration and better pore filling as well as more complete contact with the TiO2 scaffold, resulting in a longer exciton lifetime and a higher quantum yield for photoinduced charge separation as compared to MAPbI3. The cell achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 12.8% and was stable for >1000 hours in ambient air under full sunlight.
Initial Low‐Dose Gentamicin for<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia and Endocarditis Is Nephrotoxic (2009)

Initial low-dose gentamicin as part of therapy for S. aureus bacteremia and native valve infective endocarditis is nephrotoxic and should not be used routinely, given the minimal existing data supporting its benefit.
The rectifiability of certain quasicircles (1987)

Suppose that the quasiconformal homeomorphism fof the complex plane fixes the point at infinity, is conformal in the exterior of the unit disk, and that the complex dilatation μ of f satisfies for some positive δ. It is shown that then fmaps the unit circle onto a rectifiable quasicircle.
Multiparameter measurement of absorbing liquid by time-resolved photoacoustics (2012)

Measuring constituent concentrations of processing liquids provides highly useful data for industrial process control. Techniques that allow online measurement will greatly save resources and energy, making them highly attractive for enterprises. In this paper, we develop a technique based on time-resolved photoacoustics for simultaneously measuring the optical absorption coefficient, acoustic speed, and thermal-acoustic transformation coefficient of an absorbing liquid, using an experimental setup that merely employs a nanosecond pulsed laser with millijoule energy and a single piezoelectric transducer with a wide frequency bandwidth. As investigated samples, we use potassium chromate, glucose, and their mixing solutions. Experimental results show that the value of each parameter measured in a mixed solution is approximately equal to the sum value of the same parameter in the constituent solutions. This means that a simultaneous measurement of these parameters enables us to calculate two or three constituent concentrations in a mixed liquid, if the constituent substances differ clearly from one another in terms of their optical absorption, acoustic speed, or thermal-acoustic transformation properties.
Lack of association between the functional CX3CR1 polymorphism V249I and hepatocellular carcinoma (2005)

Chemokine production by cancer cells constitutes a duality. Leukocyte recruitment under the pressure of chemokines may be beneficial for the host or for the tumor. Recently, the chemokine fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 have been shown to be expressed in hepatocytes in vivo and in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CX3CR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo and to investigate the prevalence of the genetic CX3CR1 polymorphism V249I in HCC patients since this polymorphism has been associated with reduced number of fractalkine binding sites, reduced cell-cell adhesion and decreased signaling and chemotaxis. Genotyping was performed in 183 patients with histologically proven HCC and 99 healthy controls by RFLP-analysis. The frequency of the individual genotypes was similar in HCC patients and controls. The V249I polymorphism revealed no association with tumor grade and stage, the presence of extrahepatic metastasis or the degree of fibrosis in non-tumorous tissue. In addition to genotyping, CX3CR1 mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR in 9 HCC specimens and in 6 cases in corresponding non-tumorous liver tissues. CX3CR1 mRNA expression levels in HCC showed high variation between individual patients. Similarly, expression in HCC compared to non-tumorous liver varied, from strong downregulation to remarkable upregulation. CX3CR1 mRNA expression levels showed no correlation to the V249I polymorphism. In summary, these results suggest that the patho-physiological role of individual chemokines in carcinogenesis may vary and that the functional CX3CR1 polymorphism V249I is no genetic risk factor for HCC. However, additional independent studies in HCC patients with different ethnic background will be needed to confirm the present study and to elucidate the functional role of CX3CR1 and its polymorphism V249I in chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Ultrafast All‐Polymer Electrically Tunable Silicone Lenses (2015)

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) are smart lightweight flexible materials integrating actuation, sensing, and structural functions. The field of DEAs has been progressing rapidly, with actuation strains of over 300% reported, and many application concepts demonstrated. However many DEAs are slow, exhibit large viscoelastic drift, and have short lifetimes, due principally to the use of acrylic elastomer membranes and carbon grease electrodes applied by hand. Here a DEA‐driven tunable lens, the world's fastest capable of holding a stable focal length, is presented. By using low‐loss silicone elastomers rather than acrylics, a settling time shorter than 175 μs is obtained for a 20% change in focal length. The silicone‐based lenses show a bandwidth 3 orders of magnitude higher compared to lenses of the same geometry fabricated from the acrylic elastomer. Stretchable electrodes, a carbon black and silicone composite, are precisely patterned by pad‐printing and subsequently cross‐linked, enabling strong adhesion to the elastomer and excellent resistance to abrasion. The lenses operate for over 400 million cycles without degradation, and show no change after more than two years of storage. This lens demonstrates the unmatched combination of strain, speed, and stability that DEAs can achieve, paving the way for complex fast soft machines.
Impact of memory hierarchy on program partitioning and scheduling (2002)

Presents a method for determining the cache performance of the loop nests in a program. The cache-miss data are produced by simulating the loop nest execution on an architecturally parameterized cache simulator. We show that the cache-miss rates are highly non-linear with respect to the ranges of the loops, and correlate well with the performance of the loop nests on actual target machines. The cache-miss ratio is used to guide program optimizations such as loop interchange and iteration-space blocking. It can also be used to provide an estimate for the runtime of a program. Both applications are important in scheduling programs for parallel execution. We present examples of program optimization for several popular processors, such as the IBM 9076 SP1, the SuperSPARC and the Intel i860.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Prodrugs of Anthracyclines for Selective Activation by the Tumor‐Associated Protease Plasmin. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
4-π-Electron 4-Membered Phosphorus Heterocycles (1996)

Abstract The synthesis and reactivity of 4-π-electron 4-membered heterocycles possessing a phosphazene moiety is described.
Polymer Encapsulated Gibbsite Nanoparticles: Efficient Preparation of Anisotropic Composite Latex Particles by RAFT-Based Starved Feed Emulsion Polymerization (2009)

Anisotropic polymer-inorganic composite latex particles were synthesized by using a RAFT-based encapsulation approach on cationic gibbsite platelets. By using the RAFT agent dibenzyl trithiocarbonate, a series of amphipatic living random RAFT copolymers with different combinations of acrylic acid and butyl acrylate units were synthesized. These RAFT copolymers were used as living stabilizers for the gibbsite platelets and chain extended to form a polymeric shell by starved feed emulsion polymerization. Cryo-TEM characterization of the resulting composite latexes demonstrates the formation of anisotropic composite latex particles with mostly one platelet per particle. Monomer feed composition, chain length, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the RAFT copolymer were found to be important factors for the overall efficiency of the encapsulation. Good control over platelet orientation and high encapsulation efficiency were achieved via this route.
Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibits myogenic differentiation through MyoD protein destabilization (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been implicated as a mediator of muscle wasting through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) -dependent inhibition of myogenic differentiation. The aim of the present study was to identify the regulatory molecule(s) of myogenesis targeted by TNFalpha/NF-kappaB signaling. TNFalpha interfered with cell cycle exit and repressed the accumulation of transcripts encoding muscle-specific genes in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Overexpression of a p65 (RelA) mutant lacking the transcriptional activation domain attenuated the TNFalpha-mediated inhibition of muscle-specific gene transcription. The ability of muscle regulatory factor MyoD to induce muscle-specific transcription in 10T1/2 fibroblasts was also disrupted by wild-type p65, demonstrating that NF-kappaB transcriptional activity interferes with the function of MyoD. Inhibition of muscle-specific gene expression by TNFalpha was restored by overexpression of MyoD, whereas endogenous MyoD protein abundance and stability were reduced by TNFalpha through increased proteolysis of MyoD by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Last, the inhibitory effects of TNFalpha on myogenic differentiation were demonstrated in a mouse model of skeletal muscle regeneration, in which TNFalpha caused a delay in myoblast cell cycle exit. These results implicate that TNFalpha inhibits myogenic differentiation through destabilizing MyoD protein in a NF-kappaB-dependent manner, which interferes with skeletal muscle regeneration and may contribute to muscle wasting.
Textbook of Wood Technology (1964)

This is a technical volume designed for use as a reference book and as a textbook. The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood. The second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains. There are discussions of the identification of wood by anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means. Keys for identification are offered as are descriptions by species and complete physical data for woods native to the U.S. and Canada. Also included is a section on the identification of wood by its fiber. -- AATA
Isolation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from fecal samples: the combination of ether extraction and discontinuous sucrose gradients (1994)

A calf and 50 mice were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, and their fecal materials were collected and treated with ether extraction (EE), followed by discontinuous sucrose gradients (DSG) method. EE method was to remove some of fat or lipid from feces. Sediments were washed by centrifugation (1,500 x g for 10 min., 3 times) in phosphate-buffered saline and then these washed sediments were sieved sequentially through stainless steel screens with a final mesh of 250 (61 microns porosity) to remove other debris. After sieving, the materials were suspended in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. Oocysts were counted by using a hemocytometer and the recovery rate of pure oocysts was calculated on the basis of the count. Following centrifugation (1,500 x g for 30 min.) by DSG method, most oocysts were recovered at the interface between a gravity of 1.103 and 1.064. The recovery rates of pure oocysts from the fecal suspension of the calf (3.8 x 10(7)/ml) and the mouse (3.2 x 10(6)/ml) treated with EE method were 81.6% and 51.6%, respectively. It is suggested that the recovery rate was dependent on the number of oocysts in each suspension treated with EE method. To get the 50% recovery rate, there must be more than 2 x 10(6) oocysts per ml of the fecal suspension treated with EE method. By the combination of the two methods it was possible to isolate C. parvum oocysts from normal feces of the calf and mouse as well as from diarrheic feces.
Fast parallel surface and solid voxelization on GPUs (2010)

This paper presents data-parallel algorithms for surface and solid voxelization on graphics hardware. First, a novel conservative surface voxelization technique, setting all voxels overlapped by a mesh's triangles, is introduced, which is up to one order of magnitude faster than previous solutions leveraging the standard rasterization pipeline. We then show how the involved new triangle/box overlap test can be adapted to yield a 6-separating surface voxelization, which is thinner but still connected and gap-free. Complementing these algorithms, both a triangle-parallel and a tile-based technique for solid voxelization are subsequently presented. Finally, addressing the high memory consumption of high-resolution voxel grids, we introduce a novel octree-based sparse solid voxelization approach, where only close to the solid's boundary finest-level voxels are stored, whereas uniform interior and exterior regions are represented by coarser-level voxels. This representation is created directly from a mesh without requiring a full intermediate solid voxelization, enabling GPU-based voxelizations of unprecedented size.
Immunobiotherapy directed against mutated and aberrantly expressed gene products in pancreas cancer (2005)

Genetic alterations are responsible for the development of cancer in ductal cells of the pancreas. These genetic changes result in abnormal molecular expression of proteins that are involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle control and adhesion. Some of the genetic mutations result in aberrant proteins that can be recognized as novel or foreign by cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. These are appropriate targets for therapeutic intervention which may involve immunobiologic approaches. These approaches may be less effective because of immune escape mechanisms developed by tumor cells within the microenvironment of the tumor mass. Immunobiotherapy intervention of pancreas cancer must circumvent these obstacles and integrate effective immunotherapy with molecularly targeted approaches to pancreas cancer intervention.
Contrast sensitivity loss with aging: sampling efficiency and equivalent noise at different spatial frequencies (2004)

The relative contributions of optical and neural factors to the decrease in visual function with aging were investigated by measurement of contrast detection at three different spatial frequencies, in the presence of external noise, on young and older subjects. Contrast detection in noise functions allows two parameters to be measured: sampling efficiency, which indicates neural changes, and equivalent noise, which demonstrates optical effects. Contrast thresholds were measured in the presence of four levels (including zero) of externally added visual noise. Measurements were obtained from eight young and eight older visually normal observers. Compared with young subjects, older subjects showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower sampling efficiencies at spatial frequencies of 1 and 4 cycles per degree (c/deg) and significantly higher equivalent noise levels for gratings of 10 c/deg. Neural and optical factors affect contrast sensitivity loss with aging differently, depending on the spatial frequency tested, implying the existence of different mechanisms.
[Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in Duchenne myopathy: yesterday, today and tomorrow]. (1987)

The coming of molecular biology has greatly modified the concept of genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The most important stages of the genetic counselling are reported: estimate of the risk and carrier detection. This heterozygote detection is now possible in a few cases owing to polymorphic DNA markers recently identified that are genetically linked to the DMD gene locus and detected with probes. An analysis of foetal DNA is also possible and allows us to consider prenatal diagnosis of this affection. This study is yet limited by two impediments: on one hand low rate of informative families, on the other hand use of markers that are not very closely linked to DMD involving recombinations and risks of errors. The solution of these problems is in the use of linked DNA markers with the best polymorphism flanking the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus. Finally the authors report the necessity of strict collaboration systems between clinical experts, geneticists, biologists and informaticians.
An overview of substrate noise reduction techniques (2004)

This paper provides an overview of the recent circuit level and physical level substrate noise reduction techniques. Several of these techniques are compared for their advantages and disadvantages in "system-on-chip" applications.
Recent Advances in Immunomodulation and Vaccination Strategies Against Coccidiosis (2005)

Coccidiosis is a ubiquitous intestinal protozoan infection of poultry seriously impairing the growth and feed utilization of infected animals. Conventional disease control strategies rely heavily on chemoprophylaxis, which is a tremendous cost to the industry. Existing vaccines consist of live virulent or attenuated Eimeria strains with limited scope of protection against an ever-evolving and widespread pathogen. The continual emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria, coupled with the increasing regulations and bans on the use of anticoccidial drugs in commercial poultry production, urges the need for novel approaches and alternative control strategies. Because of the complexity of the host immunity and the parasite life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of host-parasite interactions and protective immune mechanisms becomes necessary for successful prevention and control practices. Recent progress in functional genomics technology would facilitate the identification and characterization of host genes involved in immune responses as well as parasite genes and proteins that elicit protective host responses. This study reviews recent coccidiosis research and provides information on host immunity, immunomodulation, and the latest advances in live and recombinant vaccine development against coccidiosis. Such information will help magnify our understanding of host-parasite biology and mucosal immunology, and we hope it will lead to comprehensive designs of nutritional interventions and vaccination strategies for coccidiosis.