gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fuel-powered compact SMA actuator</title> (2002)

This work discusses the numerical analysis, the design and experimental test of the fuel-powered compact SMA actuator along with its capabilities and limitations. Convection heating and cooling using water actuate the SMA element of the actuator. The energy of fuels, having a high energy density, is used as the energy source for the SMA actuator in order to increase power and energy density of the system, and thus in order to obviate the need for electrical power supplies such as batteries. The system is composed of pump, valves, bellows, heater (burner), control unit and a displacement amplification device. The experimental test of the first designed SMA actuator system results in 150 M Pa stress (force: 1560N) with 3 percent strain and 0.5 Hz actuation frequency. The actuation frequency is compared with the prediction obtained from numerical analysis. For the first designed fuel-powered SMA actuator system, the results of numerical analysis were utilized in determining design parameters and operating conditions.
Global Transcriptional, Physiological, and Metabolite Analyses of the Responses of <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> Hildenborough to Salt Adaptation (2009)

The response of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough to salt adaptation (long-term NaCl exposure) was examined by performing physiological, global transcriptional, and metabolite analyses. Salt adaptation was reflected by increased expression of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and transport, electron transfer, hydrogen oxidation, and general stress responses (e.g., heat shock proteins, phage shock proteins, and oxidative stress response proteins). The expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism, cell growth, and phage structures was decreased. Transcriptome profiles of D. vulgaris responses to salt adaptation were compared with transcriptome profiles of D. vulgaris responses to salt shock (short-term NaCl exposure). Metabolite assays showed that glutamate and alanine accumulated under salt adaptation conditions, suggesting that these amino acids may be used as osmoprotectants in D. vulgaris. Addition of amino acids (glutamate, alanine, and tryptophan) or yeast extract to the growth medium relieved salt-related growth inhibition. A conceptual model that links the observed results to currently available knowledge is proposed to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of D. vulgaris adaptation to elevated NaCl levels.
Expression, purification and secondary structure analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar membrane H + -ATPase subunit F (Vma7p) (2001)

The vacuolar H+-ATPase is an acid pump found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. It shares a common macromolecular organization with the F1F0-ATPase, and some V-ATPase subunits are structural and functional homologues of F-ATPase components. However, the vacuolar complex contains several subunits which do not resemble F-ATPase subunits at the sequence level, and which currently have no specific function assigned. One example is subunit F, the Vma7p polypeptide of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A recombinant form of Vma7p was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Mass spectroscopy confirmed a mass of 13460 Da for Vma7p, and dynamic light scattering showed that the polypeptide was globular and monodisperse even at high concentrations. Analysis of secondary structure by circular dichroism and FTIR showed that Vma7p comprises 30% alpha-helix and 32-42% beta-sheet. The protein fold recognition programme 'Threader 2' produced highly significant matches between Vma7p and five alpha-beta sandwich folds. Relative proportions of secondary structure elements within these folds were broadly consistent with the spectroscopic data. Although Vma7p does not share sequence similarity with the F-ATPase epsilon subunit, the analysis suggests that the polypeptides not only have similar masses and assemble into homologous core complexes, but also share similar secondary structures. It is possible that the two polypeptides are homologous and perform similar functions within their respective ATPases. The production of high yields of homogeneous, folded, monodisperse protein will facilitate high resolution crystallography and NMR spectroscopy studies.
Force-frequency relations during heart failure in pigs (1994)

In isolated cardiac muscle from patients with severe heart failure (HF) the force-frequency relation (FFR) is often negative, but the characteristics of the FFR under basal conditions and its responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation have not been studied in the intact, failing heart. Severe HF was produced in pigs (n = 6) by continuous rapid left ventricular (LV) pacing (225 beats/min). In the conscious resting state, high-fidelity LV pressure and its maximum first derivative (LV dP/dtmax) were obtained over a range of atrial pacing rates (100-225 beats/min) before (control) and after HF. Before HF, the relationship between increased heart rate and LV dP/dtmax (a measure of the FFR) was flat, but during dobutamine infusion the FFR showed a significant positive slope (P < 0.003). After HF, the basal FFR was depressed, but the slope of the FFR was not increased by dobutamine. After HF, responses of dP/dtmax to slowing of HR by a specific sinus node inhibitor confirmed the absence of a negative basal FFR. In conclusion, the basal LV FFR in conscious pigs with severe HF was not negative. Unlike the normal heart, in HF beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation did not amplify the FFR, a phenomenon that could play an important role in the impaired response to exercise in patients with HF.
Interaction with on-screen objects using visual gesture recognition (2002)

This paper will review the design of a working system that visually recognizes hand gestures for the control of a window based user interface. After an overview of the system, it will explore one aspect of gestural interaction in depth, hand tracking, and what is needed for the user to be able to interact comfortably with on-screen objects. We describe how the location of the hand is mapped to a location on the screen, and how it is both necessary and possible to smooth the camera input using a non-linear physical model of the cursor. The performance of the system is examined, especially with respect to abject selection. We show how a standard HCI model of object selection (Fitts' Law) can be extended to model the selection performance of free-hand pointing.
Pulmonary granulomas of guinea pigs induced by inhalation exposure of heat-treated BCG Pasteur, purified trehalose dimycolate and methyl ketomycolate (2002)

This study was designed to determine the identity of granulomatogenic substances in Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur. When heat-treated BCG Pasteur bacilli were introduced into the lungs of guinea-pigs by an inhalation exposure apparatus, pulmonary granulomas without necrosis developed. Furthermore, when four kinds of mycolates derived from M. tuberculosis Aoyama B strain were introduced into the lungs by the same method, only trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) and methyl ketomycolate induced pulmonary granulomas without central necrosis. The pulmonary granulomas consisted of epithelioid macrophages and lymphocytes. When a mixture of TDM and anti-TDM antibody was introduced into the lungs, development of granulomatous lesions was reduced. These data indicate that TDM and methyl ketomycolate are potent granulomatogenic reagents.
Mitsubishi Thermal Imager Using The 512x512 PtSi Focal Plane Arrays (1990)

MITSUBISHI THERMAL IMAGER model IR-5120A is high resolution and high sensitivity infrared television imaging system. It was exhibited in SPIE'S 1988 Technical Symposium on OPTICS, ELECTRO-OPTICS, and SENSORS, held at April 1988 Orlando, and acquired interest of many attendants of the symposium for it's high performance. The detector is a Platinium Silicide Charge Sweep Device (CSD) array containing more than 260,000 individual pixels manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Co. The IR-5120A consists of a Camera Head. containing the CSD, a stirling cycle cooler and support electronics, and a Camera Control Unit containing the pixel fixed pattern noise corrector, video controllor, cooler driver and support power supplies. The stirling cycle cooler built into the Camera Head is used for keeping CSD temperature of approx. 80K with the features such as light weight, long life of more than 2000 hours and low acoustical noise. This paper describes an improved Thermal Imager, with more light weight, compact size and higher performance, and it's design philosophy, characteristics and field image.
Electrodes: The Configurational Space of Rocksalt‐Type Oxides for High‐Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes (Adv. Energy Mater. 13/2014) (2014)

In article number 1400478, Gerbrand Ceder and co-workers demonstrate that the practical specific capacity of battery electrodes depends on ionic percolation properties. The central part of the image depicts the reversible capacity of lithium-transition-metal oxides with spinel-like structure as a function of the total lithium content and the structural disorder. Typical local atomic arrangements and lithium diffusion channels are shown in the satellite images. The background is a percolating network of fast lithium diffusion channels.
Picolinyl derivatives for the characterization of cyclopropane fatty acids by mass spectrometry (1984)

Picolinyl esters of cyclopropane fatty acids produced characteristic mass spectra which enabled differentiation from isomeric monounsaturated acids by the presence of an abundant ion produced by formal cleavage through the cyclopropane ring. The mass of this ion indicated the position of the cyclopropane ring on the aliphatic chain and it could be identified by its odd mass and its separation of 13 mass units from ions in adjacent groups. Other major fragment ions arising from radical-induced cleavage of the chain following random hydrogen abstraction showed a 14 mass unit separation. This characteristic feature was also found in the mass spectra of bis-cyclopropane acids where each ring produced a characteristic ion of odd mass. Other features serving to differentiate cyclopropane acids from unsaturated acids were the abundant [M-1]+ ions and the presence of an ion at m/z 133. The nicotinyl derivatives of the corresponding cyclopropane alcohols showed analogous fragmentations. Mechanisms for the formation of the diagnostic ions are suggested.
Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on sow productivity during lactation1,2 (2008)

Seventy-two primiparous and multiparous sows (36 per dietary treatment) farrowed in 4 groups were used to evaluate the effects of spray-dried plasma protein (SDP) on sow and litter performance during lactation. Dietary lactation treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal control and a corn-soybean meal diet containing 0.5% SDP. Both diets were formulated to contain 1.0% total Lys and 3.46 Mcal/kg of ME and were fed from d 107 +/- 1.2 of gestation to weaning. Sows were allotted to dietary treatment based on breed, parity, and the date of d 107 of gestation. Litters were standardized within diet, and pigs were weaned at an average age of 19 +/- 2.1 d. Sows were fed 3 times daily during lactation. After weaning, sows were fed a common gestation diet and checked twice daily for estrus. Sows were grouped by parity (young sows, <or=3; mature sows, >3) for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments; the factors were parity (<or=3 or >3) and SDP (0 or 0.5%). Treatment differences were considered significant at P < 0.10. Mature sows had a greater BW on d 107 of gestation, on d 1 postfarrowing, and at weaning; greater lactation ADFI; and greater litter BW after cross-fostering, but pig survival to weaning was decreased. Sows fed SDP had a greater gestation interval, litter BW at weaning, and litter ADG, with 1 less lactation day. The effect of SDP addition was dependent on sow parity, as noted by numerous SDP x parity interactions. The addition of SDP increased lactation ADFI in mature sows but decreased ADFI in young sows. Mature sows fed SDP had a greater number of pigs weaned per litter, litter and pig weaning weights, pig survival to weaning, and number of pigs weaned per litter weighing more than 3.6 kg, but the SDP diet had little to no effect on these responses in young sows. Subsequent farrowing data were collected, but no dietary treatment effects (P > 0.10) were observed. The results of this research indicate that SDP increased productivity of sows in parity 4 or greater.
Structure of myxovirescin A, a new macrocylic antibiotic from gliding bacteria (1982)

W. Trowitzsch, V. Wray, K. Gerth and G. Höfle, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1982, 1340 DOI: 10.1039/C39820001340
Electroencephalogram differences in two subtypes of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2001)

This study investigated EEG differences between children with two subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and normal control subjects. EEG was recorded during an eyes-closed resting condition and Fourier transformed to provide absolute and relative power estimates for the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, and the mean frequency for each band was calculated. Ratio coefficients were also calculated between frequency bands. Mean group differences were found in the theta, alpha, and beta bands between all three groups. Similarly, differences were found between all three groups for the theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios and for the mean frequency of the total EEG. These results support a model of ADHD resulting from a developmental deviation rather than a maturational lag in the central nervous system. Differences between the clinical groups in frontal activity suggest that different neuroanatomical systems are involved in the different subtypes of ADHD.
Highly compressible 3D periodic graphene aerogel microlattices (2015)

Graphene is a two-dimensional material that offers a unique combination of low density, exceptional mechanical properties, large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. Recent progress has produced bulk 3D assemblies of graphene, such as graphene aerogels, but they possess purely stochastic porous networks, which limit their performance compared with the potential of an engineered architecture. Here we report the fabrication of periodic graphene aerogel microlattices, possessing an engineered architecture via a 3D printing technique known as direct ink writing. The 3D printed graphene aerogels are lightweight, highly conductive and exhibit supercompressibility (up to 90% compressive strain). Moreover, the Young's moduli of the 3D printed graphene aerogels show an order of magnitude improvement over bulk graphene materials with comparable geometric density and possess large surface areas. Adapting the 3D printing technique to graphene aerogels realizes the possibility of fabricating a myriad of complex aerogel architectures for a broad range of applications.
Prior enrichment of human immunodeficiency virus DNA with probe DNA particles for efficient PCR diagnosis (1995)

We report here a novel method by which one can recover human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA in a small volume (approximately 50 microliters) of solution from 8 ml of crude cell lysate which contains as few as several HIV DNA copies. The method uses the specific binding of HIV DNA to HIV probe DNA particles. The HIV DNA thus concentrated on the particles can be subjected to the PCR assay. The method also enables the examination of 100 individual blood specimens in a combined form.
Modern Missile Guidance (2007)

Written by an expert with more than 30 years of experience, Modern Missile Guidance contains new analytical results, obtained by the author, that can be used for analysis and design of missile guidance and control systems. This book covers not just new methods nor is it merely a compilation of older methods, although it includes both. The book disc
Interconnecting WiFi Devices with IEEE 802.15.4 Devices without Using a Gateway (2015)

In many wireless sensing and control application deployments, there is often a gateway device to bridge between the low power IEEE 802.15.4 network and the Internet. The bridge has at least two interfaces. One interface communicates with the 802.15.4 wireless. The other interface either communicates with WiFi or wired network. When a user wants to send a command to the wireless controller, lets say at a smart home, the user may use a smartphone and send command over WiFi to the gateway, often through a cloud service provider. Then gateway shuttles the message from the wired or WiFi chip to the 802.15.4 chip. Then the gateway transmits the messages over the 802.15.4 chip into the 802.15.4 network. In this work, we design a novel modulation technique that runs on the WiFi devices (e.g., Smartphone) and demodulation technique that runs on 802.15.4 devices (e.g., A wireless controller in a smart home) to enable WiFi devices to directly communicate with 802.15.4 devices without any gateway. The key idea is to utilize crosstalk between 802.11 and 802.15.4 channels as the medium for communication. We implemented the proposed technique on multiple platforms and are able to successfully achieve a data rate of 2 bytes per second with less than 10% bit error rate in uncontrolled environments.
Novel long-distance fiber-optic sensing systems based on random fiber lasers (2012)

The novel concept of utilizing a random fiber laser (RFL) to extend the sensing distance of fiber-optic sensing systems is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. In this paper, two schemes based on the RFL with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are experimentally demonstrated to verify the concept. The first one is a 100km FBG temperature sensing system, in which a 100km RFL provides an effective way to enhance the sensing signal of the FBG sensor due to its strong lasing radiation across the 100km fiber span. It is the first time to find that the RFL without the FBG is a temperatureinsensitive distributed lasing cavity, which offers stable long-distance transmission for the sensing signal. The second one is a 100km Brilloiun optical time domain analyzer (BOTDA), in which the generated random lasing is used as a fully distributed Raman pump and hence stable Raman amplification can be obtained to enhance the Brilloiun sensing signal. In principle, such a novel concept can be adopted for any type of distributed fiber-optic sensors as the RFL can be used as a stable distributed Raman pump for sensing signal amplification along the whole length of the fiber.
Intradural spinal arteriovenous malformation in a 13-month-old female: A case report (2015)

Spinal AVMs are extremely rare in the pediatric population; however, with this case the use of surgical intervention helped prevent further loss of neurologic impairment, and inpatient rehabilitation served to increase the patient's function. She continued to participate in outpatient rehabilitation to improve developmental milestones, mobility, posture, positioning, and upper limb function.
Mouse interleukin-12/FasTI: A novel bi-functional fusion protein for cancer immuno/gene therapy (2016)

Whereas cancer immunotherapy with cytokines in recent research was demonstrated effective in activating immune response against tumor cells, one major obstacle with the use of these cytokines is their severe side effects when delivered systemically at high doses. Another challenge is that advanced tumor cells often evade immunosurveillance of the immune system as well as of the Fas-mediated apoptosis by various mechanisms. We report the design and preliminary evaluation of the antitumor activity of a novel fusion protein-mIL-12/FasTI, consisting of mouse interleukin-12 and the transmembrane and intracellular domains of mouse Fas. The fusion construct (pmIL-12/FasTI) was transfected into mouse lung carcinoma cell line TC-1. Stable cell clones expressing the fusion protein were established as assayed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. ELISA and cell proliferation analyses demonstrated that NK cells were effectively activated by the fusion protein with increased IFN-γ production and cytotoxicity. Enhanced caspase-3 activity of the clones when co-cultured with NK cells indicated that apoptosis was induced through Fas/FasL signaling pathway. The preliminary results suggest a synergized anticancer activity of the fusion protein. It may represent a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Synaptic Modulation by Neurotrophic Factors: Differential and Synergistic Effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (1996)

Extracellular application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to developing neuromuscular junctions in Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures resulted in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) and in the amplitude of nerve-evoked synaptic currents. Analyses of the amplitude and time course of the SSCs suggest that these effects are attributable to elevation of presynaptic transmitter release. The actions of these two factors on the transmitter secretion process, however, are distinctly different. Fura-2 Ca2+ imaging showed that an increase in presynaptic cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) accompanied the synaptic potentiation by BDNF, whereas no change in [Ca2+]i was observed during synaptic potentiation by CNTF. Removing external Ca2+ also abolished the potentiating effect of BDNF but did not influence the CNTF effect. Moreover, the two factors exerted different effects on the short-term synaptic plasticity. Paired-pulse facilitation normally found at these synapses was reduced by BDNF but unaffected by CNTF; CNTF, but not BDNF, reduced the extent of synaptic depression during high-frequency tetanic stimulation. Finally, the potentiation effect of BDNF and CNTF on spontaneous transmitter release was additive when both factors were applied together to the synapse at saturating concentrations (100 ng/ml) and was highly synergistic when low doses (1 and 10 ng/ml) of both factors were used. These results suggest that because of their differential effects on the secretory machinery, BDNF and CNTF may act cooperatively in modulating the development and functioning of synapses.
Arctic security in a time of climate change (2013)

edited by James Kraska, New York NY, Cambridge University Press, 2011, 312 pp., AUD110 (hbk), ISBN 978-1-107-00660-7 This is an authoritative, important study of post-cold war Arctic security which...
A Low-power Wireless Microinstrumentation System For Environmental Monitoring (2005)

This paper reports a hybrid microinstrumentation system that includes an embedded microcontroller, transducers for monitoring environmental parameters, interface/readout electronics for linking the controller and the transducers, and custom circuitry for system power management. Sensors for measuring temperature, pressure, humidity, and acceleration are included in the initial system, which operates for more than 180 days and dissipates less than 700/spl mu/m from a 6V battery supply. The sensor scan rate is adaptive and can be event triggered. The system communicates internally over a 1MHz, 9-line intramodule sensor bus, and outputs data over a hardwired serial interface or a 315MHz wireless link. The use of folding circuit platforms allows an internal system volume as small as 5cc.