gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Migrating Elastic Optical Networks from Standard Single-Mode Fibers to Ultra-Low Loss Fibers: Strategies and Benefits (2017)

We consider the replacement of standard single-mode fibers with ultra-low loss (ULL) fibers in an elastic optical network (EON). Different replacement strategies are proposed and compared in terms of bandwidth blocking probability. Simulations show that the OSNR-blocking-based strategy is the most efficient and that there is a saturation trend between the attenuation coefficient of ULL fibers and blocking performance improvement.
The effect of DOF separation in 3D manipulation tasks with multi-touch displays (2010)

Multi-touch displays represent a promising technology for the display and manipulation of data. While the manipulation of 2D data has been widely explored, 3D manipulation with multi-touch displays remains largely uncovered. Based on an analysis of the integration and separation of degrees of freedom, we propose a taxonomy for 3D manipulation techniques with multi-touch displays. Using that taxonomy, we introduce DS3 (Depth-Separated Screen Space), a new 3D manipulation technique based on the separation of translation and rotation. In a controlled experiment, we compare DS3 with Sticky Tools and Screen-Space. Results show that separating the control of translation and rotation significantly affects performance for 3D manipulation, with DS3 being at least 22% faster.
Other Aspects of Enterprise (1998)

So far we have looked at the ways in which the word enterprise is used in order to ascertain what people actually mean when they use the word, rather than just what a dictionary suggests it should mean. That has shown that, rather than a single, narrow definition, the word can have a whole range of meanings, although these can be broadly grouped either into a narrow definitional range in which enterprise basically means business and especially small business, or into a broader meaning of enterprise as the set of attributes that enable those who possess them to be creative, adaptable, innovative and responsive to change.
Large Margin Dimensionality Reduction for Action Similarity Labeling (2014)

Action recognition in videos is receiving extensive research interest due to its wide applications. This task needs to assign a specific action class for each video. In this paper, we study the problem of action similarity labeling (ASLAN) that is to verify whether two action videos present the same type of action or not. We show that both Fisher vector (FV) and vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) with dense trajectory features can achieve state-of-the-art performance on the ASLAN benchmark. Our main contribution is to develop a large margin dimensionality reduction (LMDR) method to compress high-dimensional FV and VLAD. Specially, we leverage the hinge loss objective function and stochastic gradient descent to optimize the discriminative projection matrix of these vectors. Extensive experiments on the ASLAN dataset indicate that our LMDR method not only reduces the dimension significantly but also improves the verification performance.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Enhance Mortality during Lethal Influenza Infections by Eliminating Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells (2010)

Previous studies have shown that the reduction in CD8 T cell immunity observed during high-dose influenza A virus (IAV) infection is mediated via lymph node (LN) dendritic cells (DCs) that express Fas ligand (FasL) and drive FasL-Fas (DC-T)-induced apoptosis. However, the specific DC subset(s) within the LN and the additional factors required for DC-mediated elimination of IAV-specific CD8 T cells remain unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which downregulate FasL during sublethal, but not lethal, IAV infection, accumulate to greater numbers within the LNs of lethal dose-infected mice. Further our findings show that pDCs from lethal, but not sublethal, dose IAV infections drive elimination of Fas(+) CD8 T cells and that this elimination occurs only in the absence of TCR recognition of IAV peptide-MHC class I complexes. Together, these results suggest that pDCs play a heretofore unknown deleterious role during lethal dose IAV infections by limiting the CD8 T cell response.
Comparison of a new, rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with latex particle agglutination for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections (1985)

A new, rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of polyribosylribitol phosphate of Haemophilus influenzae type b was compared with a commercially available latex particle agglutination (LPA) system (Bactigen; Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.). By adding specimens and the anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate immunoglobulin-enzyme conjugate to the solid phase in a single step, it was possible to complete the ELISA procedure in 30 min. The ELISA was capable of detecting 0.3 ng of polyribosylribitol phosphate per ml in cerebrospinal fluid, 0.6 ng/ml in urine, and 1.2 ng/ml in serum; the in vitro sensitivity of LPA in these body fluids was 0.6, 0.3, and 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. Both procedures detected polyribosylribitol phosphate in specimens from 25 patients with bacteriologically confirmed H. influenzae type b infections. The specificity of ELISA appeared to be superior to that of LPA. ELISA was positive in only one of seven patients who had a positive LPA test and a clinical illness that was not compatible with haemophilus infection. Moreover, five patients with bacteriologically confirmed infections due to other pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 [two patients], Neisseria meningitidis group C, Escherichia coli K100, and Staphylococcus aureus) had false-positive LPA tests; only two (E. coli and S. aureus) were positive by ELISA. A total of 108 samples from 61 patients who had no evidence of haemophilus infections were negative by both procedures. The ELISA is a rapid, sensitive, and specific alternative to LPA for the detection of haemophilus polyribosylribitol phosphate.
Evidence for an Oxygen Diffusion Model for the Electric Pulse Induced Resistance Change Effect in Transition-Metal Oxides (2007)

Electric-pulse induced resistance hysteresis switching loops for Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 perovskite oxide films were found to exhibit an additional sharp "shuttle tail" peak around the negative pulse maximum for films deposited in an oxygen-deficient ambient. The resistance relaxation in time of this "shuttle tail" peak as well as resistance relaxation in the transition regions of the resistance hysteresis loop show evidence of oxygen diffusion under electric pulsing, and support a proposed oxygen diffusion model with oxygen vacancy pileup at the metal electrode interface region as the active process for the nonvolatile resistance switching effect in transition-metal oxides.
A randomised clinical trial of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for the treatment of patients with localised breast cancer (2003)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment that induces complete coagulative necrosis of a tumour at depth through the intact skin. This study was to explore the possibility of using HIFU for the treatment of patients with localised breast cancer in a controlled clinical trial. A total of 48 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer (T(1-2), N(0-2), M0) were randomised to the control group in which modified radical mastectomy was performed, and the HIFU group in which an extracorporeal HIFU ablation of breast cancer was followed by modified radical mastectomy. Short-term follow-up, pathologic and immunohistochemical stains were performed to assess the therapeutic effects on tumour and complications of HIFU. The results showed that no severe side effect was observed in the HIFU-treated patients. Pathologic findings revealed that HIFU-treated tumour cells underwent complete coagulative necrosis, and tumour vascular vessels were severely damaged. Immunohistochemical staining showed that no expression of PCNA, MMP-9, and CD44v6 was detected within the treated tumour cells in the HIFU group, indicating that the treated tumour cells lost the abilities of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. It is concluded that, as a noninvasive therapy, HIFU could be effective, safe, and feasible in the extracorporeal treatment of localised breast cancer.
Cu and Ag deposition on layered<i>p</i>-type<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">WSe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Approaching the Schottky limit (1990)

The interaction of Cu and Ag on the van der Waals (0001) face of p-type ${\mathrm{WSe}}_{2}$ has been investigated in relation to Schottky-barrier formation and Schottky solar cells using x-ray and uv photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS,UPS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and surface photovoltage measurements. XPS and UPS results show the growth of a metallic overlayer for small coverages without detectable formation of any interfacial reaction layer. In addition, the LEED experiments indicate epitaxially grown (111) metal layers in the form of clusters. Therefore, we conclude that an atomically abrupt interface between the semiconductor and the M(111) overlayers is formed. The observed band bending obtained from binding-energy shifts corresponds to the work-function difference following the Schottky-Mott theory. However, the surface photovoltage measured at 300 and 100 K is not in good correspondence to the thermionic-emission model of Schottky barriers. Therefore, an alternative interface model is suggested considering n-type doping of the semiconductor interface due to intercalation of the adsorbed metal atoms.
<title>Optical Computing With Variable Grating Mode Liquid Crystal Devices</title> (1980)

A liquid crystal device that performs a two-dimensional intensity-to-spatial frequency conversion has been developed for use as an optical transducer. When such a device is used as the input transducer in an optical filtering arrangement, image intensity levels can be easily manipulated via Fourier plane filters. This variable input intensity-output intensity transfer function has numerous potential applications in image processing. Implementation of a variable level slice operation is discussed and experimental results presented. The VGM LCLV device is also particularly well adapted to performing binary logic operations on 2-D images. This application is discussed, and results demonstrating the implementation of common logic operations are presented.
Copper(II) complex of sulfur-containing peptides. Characterization and similarity of electron spin resonance spectrum to the chromophore in blue copper proteins (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper(II) complex of sulfur-containing peptides. Characterization and similarity of electron spin resonance spectrum to the chromophore in blue copper proteinsYukio Sugiura, Yoshinobu Hirayama, Hisashi Tanaka, and Kazuhiko IshizuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 19, 5577–5581Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00852a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00852a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacophore Modeling, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis, and in Silico Screening Reveal Potent Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitory Activities for Cimetidine, Hydroxychloroquine, and Gemifloxacin (2008)

The pharmacophoric space of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) was explored using two diverse sets of inhibitors. Subsequently, genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to select optimal combination of pharmacophores and physicochemical descriptors that access self-consistent and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) against 132 training compounds ( r (2) 123 = 0.663, F = 24.6, r (2) LOO = 0.592, r (2) PRESS against 29 external test inhibitors = 0.695). Two orthogonal pharmacophores emerged in the QSAR, suggesting the existence of at least two distinct binding modes accessible to ligands within GSK-3beta binding pocket. The validity of the QSAR equation and the associated pharmacophores was established by the identification of three nanomolar GSK-3beta inhibitors retrieved from our in-house-built structural database of established drugs, namely, hydroxychloroquine, cimetidine, and gemifloxacin. Docking studies supported the binding modes suggested by the pharmacophore/QSAR analysis. In addition to being excellent leads for subsequent optimization, the anti-GSK-3beta activities of these drugs should have significant clinical implications.
The Doctrine of Equivalents into the year 2000: The Line is Becoming Brighter for Some but Remains Dim for Others (1999)

Under the holding of Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton-Davis Chemical Co., a court will not limit an inventor to the sole remedy of literal infringement. The inventor may also rely on the "doctrine of equivalents," which permits finding of infringement if there is equivalence between the elements of the accused product and the claimed elements of the patented invention. With this backdrop, Mr. Kryger analyzes the courts' struggle in developing a bright-line rule to protect patentees from piracy and fraud on their patents. Mr. Kryger first chronicles the evolution of the doctrine of equivalents through caselaw, particularly Graver Tank v. Linde Air Products Co. and discusses the criticisms raised over the Doctrine's application in Hilton Davis, emphasizing the Court's inability to resolve the conflict the doctrine has with the "distinct claim" provision of section 112 of the Patent Act. Mr. Kryger notes the courts' general conflict with the use of contract principles in limiting the availability of the doctrine, and identifies areas where fundamental principles of contract arguably have survived. Finally, Mr. Kryger analyses the Federal Circuit's subsequent development of the principles established by the Hilton Davis Court.
Increased frequencies of <scp>CD</scp>11b<sup>+</sup><scp>CD</scp>33<sup>+</sup><scp>CD</scp>14<sup>+</sup><scp>HLA</scp>‐<scp>DR</scp><sup>low</sup> myeloid‐derived suppressor cells are an early event in melanoma patients (2014)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous cell population characterized by immunosuppressive activity. Elevated levels of MDSC in peripheral blood are found in inflammatory diseases as well as in malignant tumors where they are supposed to be major contributors to mechanisms of tumor-associated tolerance. We investigated the frequency and function of MDSC in peripheral blood of melanoma patients and observed an accumulation of CD11b(+) CD33(+) CD14(+) HLA-DR(low) MDSC in all stages of disease (I-IV), including early stage I patients. Disease progression and enhanced tumor burden did not result in a further increase in frequencies or change in phenotype of MDSC. By investigation of specific MDSC-associated cytokines in patients' sera, we found an accumulation of IL-8 in all stages of disease. T-cell proliferation assays revealed that MDSC critically contribute to suppressed antigen-specific T-cell reactivity and thus might explain the frequently observed transient effects of immunotherapeutic strategies in melanoma patients.
Regioselective syntheses of substituted thioxanthen- and selenoxanthen-9-one derivatives. (1989)

Various methoxy-substituted thioxanthen-9-one derivatives were regioselectively synthesized by a one-pot condensation of S-lithiated thiosalicylic ester or amides, obtained via directed lithiation of tertiary benzamides, with benzynes. Similarly, the synthesis of selenoxanthen-9-ones was achieved.
Effect of Haptens on the Reaction of Anti-Idiotype Antibody with a Mouse Anti-Phosphorylcholine Plasmacytoma Protein (1972)

Summary In a radioimmune assay under conditions of excess antigen, the binding of a mouse antiphosphorylcholine plasmacytoma protein by anti-idiotype antibody is partially inhibited by phosphorylcholine and related haptens. The effect of these haptens on the idiotype correlates with the affinity with which they are bound by the plasmacytoma protein.
Implementation of Filter Bank–Based RF Transceiver for TV White Space (2015)

This paper presents a general-purpose design scheme of a filter bank (FB)–based radio frequency (RF) transceiver that operates across the entire ultra-high frequency (UHF) TV band from 470 MHz to 698 MHz and complies with the TV white space (TVWS) regulatory requirements. To this end, an intermediate frequency (IF) band-pass filter (BPF) with a sharp skirt characteristic is considered as a solution for handling the incoming signals from a baseband modem. Specifically, an FB-based BPF structure with four ceramic resonator filters that effectively rejects unwanted signals is proposed to extract a desired signal in the TV band. Achievable data rates of a cognitive radio system (CRS) employing the proposed FB-based RF transceiver at the application layer are investigated in both wired and wireless environments. The service coverage of the CRS network is measured according to several modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) of the CRS. The results show that the coverage of a wireless network in a nearly open area can be extended by more than 9.3 km in the TVWS. Experimental results also confirm that the proposed FB-based RF transceiver is adequate for utilization in TVWS applications.
Peephole displays (2003)

The small size of handheld computers provides theconvenience of mobility at the expense of reduced screen space for display and interaction. Prior research has identified the value of spatially aware displays, in which a position-tracked display provides a window on a larger virtual workspace. This paper builds on that work by suggesting two-handed interaction techniques combining pen input with spatially aware displays. Enabling simultaneous navigation and manipulation yields the ability to create and edit objects larger than the screen and to drag and drop in 3-D. Four prototypes of the Peephole Display hardware were built, and several Peephole-augmented applications were written, including a drawing program, map viewer, and calendar. Multiple applications can be embedded into a personal information space anchored to the user's physical reference frame. A usability study with 24 participants shows that the Peephole technique can be more effective than current methods for navigating information on handheld computers.
Curcumin and Anthocyanin Inhibit Pepsin-Mediated Cell Damage and Carcinogenic Changes in Airway Epithelial Cells (2013)

Several phytochemicals inhibit the pepsin-mediated cell damage underlying inflammatory or neoplastic manifestations of LPR. Dietary supplementation or adjunctive therapy with phytochemicals may represent novel preventive or therapeutic strategies for LPR-attributed disease.
Long QT syndrome. New electrocardiographic characteristics. (1990)

The long QT syndrome is electrocardiographically characterized by a prolonged QT interval and by several other, more subtle, ST-T-U wave abnormalities, most of which have not been quantified. To determine the possible usefulness of several new electrocardiographic characteristics in identifying patients with known long QT syndrome, logistic regression models were applied to a data base of seven new, relatively independent, electrocardiographic repolarization variables. These were measured on digitized 12-lead electrocardiograms of 315 normal subjects and 37 patients with the long QT syndrome (members of well-identified long QT syndrome families, QTc greater than 0.44 second, 27% symptomatic), who ranged in age from 17 to 60 years. Electrocardiographic variables that independently differentiated (p less than 0.001) patients with long QT syndrome from normal subjects included quantitative measures of repolarization: early duration, rate, T wave symmetry, late phenomena, and heterogeneity. All selected repolarization variables except the early duration variable were essentially independent of the QTc (r2 less than 0.15), and all contributed significantly to the identification of patients with long QT syndrome. A classification model of five electrocardiographic predictor variables resulted in an estimated sensitivity (95% confidence interval) of 92.6% (81.6-100%) and an estimated specificity (95% confidence interval) of 95.8% (93.6-98.1%). This model performed significantly better than an alternative classification model that was based on the early duration variable as a single predictor variable. The symptomatic status of patients with long QT syndrome could not be predicted by any combination of the electrocardiographic variables in the investigated model.
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (2019)

Ischemic stroke is characterized by high incidence, high recurrence rate, high morbidity, and high mortality. It is very important to achieve reperfusion in an effective time window by various means. Recent studies have shown that reperfusion injury can aggravate the condition. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment strategies of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This article reviews the mechanism, post-injury changes, prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.


Key words: 
Stroke; Brain ischemia; Reperfusion injury
Optimization of 980nm High-Power Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Array (2011)

The performance of VCSEL array was improved by element device characteristics optimization. The relationship between the reflectivity of N-DBR, threshold current, output power and wall-plug efficiency was analyzed and the N-DBR reflectivity was optimized to achieve the best output characteristics. After N-DBR reflectivity optimization, the CW output power of VCSEL array including 64 elements reaches 2.73W under injected current of 6A and the pulse output power reaches 115W under pulse drive current of 130A, 100ns, 100Hz. The CW output power of VCSEL array including 300 elements reaches 5.26W under injected current of 18A.
Continuous infusion of the cannabinoid WIN 55,212–2 to the site of a peripheral nerve injury reduces mechanical and cold hypersensitivity (2007)

These data support a peripheral antihyperalgesic effect of WIN 55,212-2 when delivered directly to the site of a nerve injury at systemically inactive doses.