gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Treatment of influenza (2006)

Children with influenza usually shed viruses from the several days before onset of clinical symptoms, and viruses are isolated for one or two weeks after onset. Point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests are useful to guide use of antiviral agents, appears over 90% sensitivity and specificity for influenza A with nasopharyngeal specimens compared with cell culture. The detection limits of these test kits are 103 pfu or over, so it is necessary to consider viral load in clinical specimens for diagnosis with these kits. Viral load are decreased after the start of antiviral agents, but influenza viruses are isolated in more than half of pediatric patients when fever get down, and resistant viruses are detected in some of these patients. It is very important for influenza control to investigate on viral shedding and resistant viruses.
Risk Factors for Redisplacement of Pediatric Distal Forearm and Distal Radius Fractures (2012)

Level II--Retrospective prognostic study.
Imatinib and leptomycin B are effective in overcoming imatinib-resistance due to Bcr-Abl amplification and clonal evolution but not due to Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutation (2008)

Treatment with imatinib is very effective in Bcr-Abl positive leukemia. However, development of resistance to this drug is a common phenomenon in late stage disease. The Bcr-Abl protein localizes to the cytoplasm in transformed cells but can enter the nucleus upon treatment with imatinib. Using leptomycin B, a nuclear export blocker, it has been shown that reactivated nuclear Bcr-Abl kinase activity can induce cell death, thus presenting an interesting potential treatment option for imatinib resistant disease. Here we show that the combination of imatinib and leptomycin B effectively induces cell death in imatinib-resistant Ba/F3 cells which display Bcr-Abl amplification or signs of clonal evolution. However, no such synergism is observed in imatinib-resistant Ba/F3 cells carrying the T315I mutation of Bcr-Abl or those which have lost Bcr-Abl expression. Thus, a partial inhibition of Bcr-Abl by imatinib is required for this approach in agreement with the proposed mode of action.
Stimulatory Beetle Volatiles for the Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (2002)

Two male-specific beetle volatiles were found that elicited strong gas chromatographic-electroantennographic responses from both sexes of Asian longhorned beetle adults, Anoplophora glabripennis. The secretion consisted of a approximately 1:1 (v/v) blend of functionalized dialkyl ethers, 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol. These compounds are chemically unusual natural products that are previously unknown from insects. Laboratory olfactometer studies showed that a blend of 10 microg of each synthetic compound on a filter paper strip was significantly attractive to ALB adults.
Vascular endothelial growth factor, a multifunctional polypeptide. (1996)

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is a complex, multicellular phenomenon involving capillary endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, and tissue infiltration. The elucidation of the biochemical and molecular factors which control angiogenesis is fundamental to our understanding of normal blood vessel development, as well as of the pathogenesis of abnormal blood vessel formation. Angiogenesis is associated with numerous physiological processes, including embryogenesis, wound healing, organ regeneration, and the female reproductive cycle. However, abnormal angiogenesis also plays a major role in the pathogenesis of tumor growth, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and various retinopathies. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying both physiological and pathophysiological angiogenesis are only now beginning to be understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor was initially discovered as an unidentified tumor-derived factor which increased microvascular permeability (vascular permeability factor, VPF). Subsequently, it was determined that the protein exhibited mitogenic effects on endothelial cells, but not other cell types. Multiple receptor subtypes have been described which may in part explain the multiplicity of biological actions that have been ascribed to VEGF/VPF in the literature. In this overview, we briefly summarize what is currently known about VEGF and VEGF receptor biology, as well as VEGF receptor signal transduction mechanisms in endothelial cells.
Glow plasma trigger for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (2010)

Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) are particularly useful for nuclear, atomic, and high energy physics, as unique high current generators of multicharged ion beams. Plasmas of gas discharges in an open magnetic trap heated by pulsed (100 micros and longer) high power (100 kW and higher) high-frequency (greater than 37.5 GHz) microwaves of gyrotrons is promising in the field of research in the development of electron cyclotron resonance sources for high charge state ion beams. Reaching high ion charge states requires a decrease in gas pressure in the magnetic trap, but this method leads to increases in time, in which the microwave discharge develops. The gas breakdown and microwave discharge duration becomes greater than or equal to the microwave pulse duration when the pressure is decreased. This makes reaching the critical plasma density initiate an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge during pulse of microwave gyrotron radiation with gas pressure lower than a certain threshold. In order to reduce losses of microwave power, it is necessary to shorten the time of development of the ECR discharge. For fast triggering of ECR discharge under low pressure in an ECRIS, we initially propose to fill the magnetic trap with the plasmas of auxiliary pulsed discharges in crossed ExB fields. The glow plasma trigger of ECR based on a Penning or magnetron discharge has made it possible not only to fill the trap with plasma with density of 10(12) cm(-3), required for a rapid increase in plasma density and finally for ECR discharge ignition, but also to initially heat the plasma electrons to T(e) approximately = 20 eV.
Optical design of rectangular illumination with freeform lenses for the application of LED road lighting (2017)

We present a freeform lens for application to light-emitting diodes (LED) road lighting. We propose a simple source–target luminous intensity mapping method based on Snell’s law and geometric-optics analysis. We calculated different contours of cross-sections to construct a freeform lens with a smooth surface. The computer simulation results show that the lighting performance of a single freeform lens is not sufficient for road lighting. For the road lamp simulation, we adopted an oval arrangement of freeform lenses on a printed circuit board. In addition, we performed tolerance analysis to determine the tolerance limits of manufacturing and installation errors. A road lamp at a height of 12 m can create rectangular illumination with an area of 40 m × 12 m, 69.7% uniformity, and average illuminance of 24.6 lux. This lighting performance can fully comply with the urban road lighting design standard.
Metalized film capacitors with high energy density for rail vehicles (2002)

This paper describes metalized film capacitors with high energy density that have been developed for railroad traction motor controls. In the late 1980s to early 1990s, aluminum electrolytic capacitors were generally used for the inverters to drive and control traction motors since they were smaller and lighter than metalized film capacitors. New metalized film capacitors have been developed that are equivalent in size and superior in performance to the aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The new metalized film capacitors have been operating successfully on railroad traction motor controls for approximately 4 years. The paper presents mainly how the compact size has been achieved on the new metalized film capacitors.
Identical Glycine Substitution Mutations in Type VII Collagen May Underlie Both Dominant and Recessive Forms of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (2011)

Autosomal dominant and recessive forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) result from mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1). Although paradigms have emerged for genotype/phenotype correlation in DEB, some pathogenic mutations in COL7A1, notably glycine substitutions within the type VII collagen triple helix, may lead to diagnostic difficulties, since certain glycine substitutions can result in either dominant or recessive mutant alleles. Delineation of glycine substitution mutations into two discrete groups, however, is made difficult by observations that, for some particular glycine substitutions in type VII collagen, the same mutation can result in both dominant and recessive disease. In this report we describe four further glycine missense mutations: p.Gly1483Asp, p.Gly1770Ser, p.Gly2213Arg and p.Gly2369Ser, which can lead to either dominant or recessive DEB, and which result in a spectrum of clinical abnormalities. We also identify a further 30 new glycine substitution mutations that cause either dominant or recessive DEB, but not both. In screening the COL7A1 gene for mutations in individuals with DEB our data highlight that delineation of glycine substitutions in type VII collagen has important implications for genetic counselling.
Use of a scaffold peptide in the biosynthesis of amino acid–derived natural products (2019)

Genome sequencing of environmental bacteria allows identification of biosynthetic gene clusters encoding unusual combinations of enzymes that produce unknown natural products. We identified a pathway in which a ribosomally synthesized small peptide serves as a scaffold for nonribosomal peptide extension and chemical modification. Amino acids are transferred to the carboxyl terminus of the peptide through adenosine triphosphate and amino acyl-tRNA-dependent chemistry that is independent of the ribosome. Oxidative rearrangement, carboxymethylation, and proteolysis of a terminal cysteine yields an amino acid-derived small molecule. Microcrystal electron diffraction demonstrates that the resulting product is isosteric to glutamate. We show that a similar peptide extension is used during the biosynthesis of the ammosamides, which are cytotoxic pyrroloquinoline alkaloids. These results suggest an alternative paradigm for biosynthesis of amino acid-derived natural products.
Verifying workflow processes against organization security policies (2003)

Workflow applications for large complex organizations often need to cross several security domains, each with different management and specific security requirements. The resultant cross-dependency between the workflow specification and the security policy of each domain can be hard to manage without specific tools. This work presents a static analyzer that automatically verifies the consistency between workflow specifications written in WPDL (Workflow Process Definition Language) and organization security policies, written in a security language specially designed to express simultaneously several security policies.
Inhibition of herpes simplex virus infection by pine cone antitumor substances. (1989)

Several antitumor substances extracted from cones of various pine trees inhibited the plaque formation of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) strains in African green monkey kidney cells and human adenocarcinoma cells. The 50% effective dose of the most active fraction, Fr. VI (0.3 micrograms/ml) was 0.001 times its 50% cytotoxic dose (greater than 300 micrograms/ml). The anti-HSV activity of various pine cone extracts increased with their acidity. Identification of the polyphenol groups as donors of the acidity was further supported by the observation that the anti-HSV activity of the natural polyphenolic products, such as tannin and lignin, significantly exceeded that of other natural or chemically modified antitumor polysaccharides. An experiment using radiolabeled virus particles indicated that the anti-HSV effect of both Fr. VI and lignin was attributable to interference with virus adsorption to these cells rather than to inhibition of virus penetration into the cells.
Quartz crystal resonators and oscillators for frequency control and timing applications: A tutorial, revision 5.2 (1992)

Subjects covered include: applications of frequency standards; types of oscillators (quartz and atomic); quartz resonator properties; quartz growing, sweeping, and material characteristics; Q and its significance; resonator and oscillator stability, including aging, short-term instability, frequency vs. temperature characteristics, oscillator circuit caused instabilities, frequency vs. drive level effects, acceleration effects, the effect of shock, and radiation effects; emerging technologies; atomic frequency standards; comparison of the major oscillator types; oscillator specifications and selection guidelines; time and timekeeping; clock errors; relativistic time; time transfer; time and frequency subsystem; and other applications of quartz resonators. The goal of this document is to assist in presenting to the nonspecialist the most frequently encountered concepts in frequency control and timing. The document originated as a set of hard copies of presentation visual graphs(i.e., vugraphs).... Quartz, Quartz crystal, Quartz resonator, Quartz oscillator, Resonator, Oscillator, Stability, Aging, Allan variance, Phase noise, Frequency control, Frequency standard, Clock, Time, Timekeeping, Atomic frequency standard, Rubidium standard, Cesium standard, Atomic resonator, Radiation effects, Vibration effects.
The <i>Drosophila</i> Na,K‐ATPase α‐subunit gene: gene structure, promoter function and analysis of a cold‐sensitive recessive‐lethal mutation (1997)

The Drosophila Na,K-ATPase (or sodium pump) alpha-subunit gene was found to contain 10 exons and span approx. 25 kb. Two nearly adjacent transcriptional initiation sites were identified, and the 2085-nucleotide sequence upstream of the first transcriptional start was analysed for promoter activity in transfected Drosophila SL2 cells. This region was found to contain many cis-acting elements that influence promoter activity, including elements that confer 2- to 3-fold higher activity in SL2 cells cultured at 30 degrees C versus 22 degrees C. Temperature-sensitive transcriptional regulation of the Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit in Drosophila is a plausible mechanistic candidate for the factor driving temperature-dependent up-regulation of the Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit described here for fly strains homozygous for single P-element insertions in the alpha-subunit gene. Four new P-element insertion strains were identified in this study, each insertion site lying within the first intron of the Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit gene. The insertion in strain 0462 resulted in cold-sensitive recessive lethality; flies homozygous for the 0462 mutation could be rescued by growth at 29-30 degrees C, a condition that partially corrected a deficiency in the level of Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit. The high-temperature rescue of homozygous 0462 flies appeared to result primarily from improved Na,K-ATPase expression rather than an increase in the rate of ion transport per Na,K-ATPase molecule. These observations point to a role for sodium-pump activity in determining the range of temperature tolerance in Drosophila and demonstrate that relatively subtle changes in sodium-pump expression can have major consequences in whole organisms.
SC biquad filter with hybrid utilization of OpAmp and comparator-based circuit (2010)

This paper proposes a differential switched-capacitor (SC) biquad filter exploiting a hybrid structure. The 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> active core is an operational amplifier (OpAmp) whereas the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> is an improved comparator-based circuit (CBC). The advantages of this new structure are justified by the reductions of power and transistor sizes. Optimized in a 65-nm CMOS process, when compared with a typical dual-OpAmp design, the proposed filter saves 19% power and 18% transistor area. The filter clocked at 40 MHz achieves 61.7-dB IM2 and 62.5-dB IM3 while drawing 2.23 mA from a 1.2-V supply. This hybrid SC biquad can gain further momentum for filters that request numerous biquads in cascade to attain higher selectivity.
Performance Analysis of a Dynamic Parallel Downloading Scheme from Mirror Sites Throughout the Internet (2000)

In this paper, we describe paraloading, a novel approach to retrieving files from the Internet by establishing parallel connections with multiple mirror sites. This method contrasts with the conventional download method where the client retrieves data from a single source. The advantages of paraloading over single-connection downloading include improved performance gained from aggregating the bandwidths of the parallel connections, increased efficiency gained from load balancing download requests among the parallel connections. and increased resilience against congestion or failures on any one path, In order for paraloading to work, servers must be mirrored throughout the Internet. However, as mirror sites become more widespread and as end users upgrade to higher connection speeds, we believe that paraloading—if implemented properly— will offer significant performance gain over the traditional singlesource file accesses. Paraloading is a subject that has not been extensively studied by the research community. This paper examines the performance and the design of a paraloading scheme proposed in [21]. We have developed a paraloader application in Java that uses HTTP 1.1 for its range-request and persistent connection features. We have conducted a series of experiments using our paraloader at MIT and at UC Berkeley, and we have found that the performance gains of paraloading are not as good as those claimed in [21]. This suggests that paraloading may not fair well in different network environments. Nevertheless, we believe that there are a number of enhancements that can be made to the paraloader to improve its performance in different network environments. We will outline some of these enhancement techniques and discuss some open research issues on
Synthesis of 13,14-dehydroprostacyclin methyl ester: a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. (1977)

The structure of the most recently discovered, biologically highly active prostaglandin, PGI2 or prostacyclin, is correctly predicted on biogenetic grounds, and a general synthesis starting with prostaglandins of the F2alpha series is reported. Starting with the biologically active 13,14-dehydro-PGF2alpha, the synthesis involves formation of a 5-bromo-6,9alpha-epoxy derivative, followed by esterification and dehydrobromination of the methyl ester to form the prostacyclin structure. The stereochemistry at C-5 and C-6 of all reported products is assigned on the basis of experimental findings and mechanistic reasoning. 13,14-Dehydroprostacyclin methyl ester is considerably more stable at pH 7.5 than prostacyclin. It inhibits platelet aggregation induced by a variety of agents and causes an increase in renal blood flow in the dog at nanomolar levels.
[A minitype acceleration circulation device]. (1999)

This devices uses the circular pulsating air pressure to apply the contracting and stretching actions to the patient's extremities section by section, for promoting the back flow of vein blood and lymph in the extremities. It has better functions in prevention and cure of extremities' edema and vein twist expansion in lower limbs that caused by various block of circulation as well as the forming of vein thrombus in the bedfast patients for a long time.
A Study of the Effect of Phyllanthus Amarus Extracts on Blood Glucose in Rabbits (1997)

Aerial parts of Phyllanthus amarus are used by Traditional Healers of Tanga, northeastern Tanzania, to control symptoms of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). An aqueous extract of the aerial parts, 0.1 and 1 g/kg body weight, significantly enhanced clearance of glucose from the blood as compared to controls during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), using normal fasted albino rabbits (P = 0.05). The two doses of the extract reduced the area under the OGTT curve by 7.8% and 11.4%, respectively. Both doses had no effect on blood glucose in the unfed rabbits. Chlorpropamide, 0.1 g/kg body weight, showed a greater effect, than both doses, on glucose clearance in the fed state and on blood glucose in the fasted rabbits (P = 0.05). A methanol extract of the aerial parts, 1 g/kg body weight, worsened glucose tolerance causing a significant increase in area under the OGTT and fasting blood glucose curves (P = 0.05). We conclude that the aqueous extract contains a hypoglycaemic activity as claimed by traditional healers. This activity is absent in the methanol extract, thus emphasizing the importance of preparing extracts in the same way as the healers. Further work is required to isolate the active substance before proper comparison with a standard drug can be done.
Power Management Strategy of a Single Converter Hybrid Electrical System Based on Battery and Super Capacitors (2015)

In this paper, an hybrid electrical system involving a battery and super capacitors associated with a control strategy is described. A suitable energy management strategy is performed taking into account the component constraints, i.e. maximum current of the battery and super-capacitors, SoC of the super capacitors and battery temperature.
A Novel Hybrid Linear/Nonlinear Classifier for Two-Class Classification: Theory, Algorithm, and Applications (2009)

Classifier design for a given classification task needs to take into consideration both the complexity of the classifier and the size of the dataset that is available for training the classifier. With limited training data, as often is the situation in computer-aided diagnosis of medical images, a classifier with simple structure (e.g., a linear classifier) is more robust and therefore preferred. We propose a novel two-class classifier, which we call a hybrid linear/nonlinear classifier (HLNLC), that involves two stages: the input features are linearly combined to form a scalar variable in the first stage and then the likelihood ratio of the scalar variable is used as the decision variable for classification. We first develop the theory of HLNLC by assuming that the feature data follow normal distributions. We show that the commonly used Fisher's linear discriminant function is generally not the optimal linear function in the first stage of the HLNLC. We formulate an optimization problem to solve for the optimal linear function in the first stage of the HLNLC, i.e., the linear function that maximizes the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the HLNLC. For practical applications, we propose a robust implementation of the HLNLC by making a loose assumption that the two-class feature data arise from a pair of latent (rather than explicit) multivariate normal distributions. The novel hybrid classifier fills a gap between linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) in the sense that both its theoretical performance and its complexity lie between those of the LDA and those of the QDA. Simulation studies show that the hybrid linear/nonlinear classifier performs better than LDA without increasing the classifier complexity accordingly. With a finite number of training samples, the HLNLC can perform better than that of the ideal observer due to its simplicity. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the HLNLC in computer-aided diagnosis of breast lesions in ultrasound images.