gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet-A Radiation Stimulates Growth of Indoor Cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Seedlings (2018)

Ultraviolet-A (UV-A) is the main component of UV radiation in nature. However, its role on plant growth, to a large extent, remains unknown. In this study, tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ‘Beijing Cherry Tomato’) seedlings were cultivated in an controlled environment in which UV-A radiation was provided by UV-A fluorescent lamps (λ max = 369 nm) with a fluence rate of 2.28 W·m −2 . The photoperiod of UV-A radiation was 0, 4, 8, and 16 hours, which corresponds to control, UV-A4, UV-A8, and UV-A16 treatments, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux density ( PPFD ) was 220 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 , which was provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a blue/red light ratio of 1:9, the photoperiod of PPFD was 16 hours. We showed that supplementing 8 and 16 hours of UV-A to visible radiation (400–700 nm) stimulated plant biomass production by 29% and 33%, respectively, compared with that of control. This resulted mainly from larger leaves (i.e., 22% and 31% in 8 and 16 hours UV-A, respectively), which facilitated light capture. Supplemental UV-A also enhanced photosynthetic capacity, as indicated by greater net photosynthesis rates in response to CO 2 under saturating PPFD . Furthermore, the greatest stomatal conductance ( g S ) value was observed in UV-A16, followed by UV-A8, which correlated with the greater stomatal density in the corresponding treatments. Moreover, supplemental UV-A did not induce any stress, as the maximum quantum efficiency of photosynthetic system II (PSII) ( F v / F m ) remained ≈0.82 in all treatments. Similarly, chlorophyll content and leaf mass area (LMA) were also unaffected by UV-A radiation. Taken together, we conclude that supplementing reasonable levels of UV-A to visible radiation stimulates growth of indoor cultivated tomato seedlings.
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (HETE)-dependent Hypertension in Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A11 Transgenic Mice (2016)

Male and female homozygous 129/Sv mice carrying four copies of the human cytochrome P450 4A11 gene (CYP4A11) under control of its native promoter (B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+)) develop hypertension (142 ± 8 versus 113 ± 7 mm Hg systolic blood pressure (BP)), and exhibit increased 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in kidney and urine. The hypertension is reversible by a low-sodium diet and by the CYP4A inhibitor HET0016. B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+) mice display an 18% increase of plasma potassium (p < 0.02), but plasma aldosterone, angiotensin II (ANGII), and renin activities are unchanged. This phenotype resembles human genetic disorders with elevated activity of the sodium chloride co-transporter (NCC) and, accordingly, NCC abundance is increased by 50% in transgenic mice, and NCC levels are normalized by HET0016. ANGII is known to increase NCC abundance, and renal mRNA levels of its precursor angiotensinogen are increased 2-fold in B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+), and blockade of the ANGII receptor type 1 with losartan normalizes BP. A pro-hypertensive role for 20-HETE was implicated by normalization of BP and reversal of renal angiotensin mRNA increases by administration of the 20-HETE antagonists 2-((6Z,15Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-6,15-dienamido)acetate or (S)-2-((6Z,15Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-6,15-dienamido)succinate. SGK1 expression is also increased in B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+) mice and paralleled increases seen for NCC. Losartan, HET0016, and 20-HETE antagonists each normalized SGK1 mRNA expression. These results point to a potential 20-HETE dependence of intrarenal angiotensinogen production and ANGII receptor type 1 activation that are associated with increases in NCC and SGK1 and identify elevated P450 4A11 activity and 20-HETE as potential risk factors for salt-sensitive human hypertension by perturbation of the renal renin-angiotensin axis.
New patterns of emulation: Kate, Pippa and Cheryl (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. http://makedostyle.blogspot.com/2011/04/why-kate-middleton-is-not-style-icon.html (Accessed 31 August 2011).
Free‐radical retrograde‐precipitation polymerization process (1992)

Abstract In this article, we present a newly discovered polymerization process, called the freeradical retrograde‐precipitation polymerization (FRRPP) process, that is shown to have certain desirable features not normally found in free‐radical polymerization processes. Here, free radical polymerization occurs with an unusual but widely applicable polymer precipitation phenomenon. Local heating is observed in the vicinity of the radical sites, which results in the controlled rate of propagation with a decrease in the rate of radical–radical termination reactions. In the case experiments, the existence of hot spots in the reactor fluid is shown to occur. There is also evidence of slowdown of the growth of polymer radicals after initiator decomposition. The polymer radicals, shown to have a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution, continue to grow at a controlled rate long after all the initiator molecules have decomposed. The addition of a second monomer results in the formation of a thermoplastic elastomer triblock copolymer. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessing M-Commerce Opportunities (2004)

Abstract Shortly after the advent of digital mobile phone service, a new innovative way of doing business known as mobile commerce (M-commerce) was created. This article helps organizations gain insight as to whether mobile commerce is a business solution worth exploring. It reviews the technology behind M-commerce and the products and services currently available. It also examines the benefits and challenges of M-commerce, as well as the issues to be addressed when considering implementation of M-commerce solutions.
Multi-unit motor parallel drive system for electric vehicle application (2008)

Aiming at drive system with high performance and high reliability for electric vehicle application, a novel 12-phase permanent magnetism synchronous motor (PMSM) with four independent 3-phase star-connected windings is designed. By analyzing the mathematical model, a four drive units parallel operation drive system is proposed. In a single Field Programmable Gates Array (FPGA) chip, all control algorithms including Space Vector PWM (SVPWM), PID, coordinate transform, current loop, speed loop and so on are implemented, and an all digital drive unit with high reliability and density of integration is designed. Also, a FPGA-based CAN communication coprocessor is designed to implement four drive units parallel operation by CAN bus. Finally, the experimental results carried on a prototype platform are given to illustrate that the proposed four units parallel drive system can share load on average under normal and fault mode, the system have very high fault tolerance and reliability.
Two-color photo-initiation/inhibition lithography (2010)

Traditional photolithography begins with single-photon absorption of patterned light by a photo-initiator to locally expose a resist. In two-color photo-initiation/inhibition (2PII) lithography, these exposed regions are confined by a surrounding pattern of inhibitors generated by one-photon absorption of a second color in a photo-inhibitor. Like a stencil used to confine spray-paint to a thin, sharp line, the inhibitory pattern acts as a remotely programmable, transient near-field mask to control the size and shape of the modified resist region. The inhibiting species rapidly recombine in the dark, allowing for fast sequential exposures and thus enabling fabrication of complex two- or threedimensional structures.
Use of a Biofeedback Breathing App to Augment Poststress Physiological Recovery: Randomized Pilot Study (2018)

App-based relaxed breathing interventions could be effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. These results provide additional utility of biofeedback breathing in augmenting physiological recovery from psychological stress.
Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Promoted Chemical Adsorption of Sulfur and Fabrication of High‐Areal‐Capacity Sulfur Cathode with Exceptional Cycling Stability for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries (2013)

As one important component of sulfur cathodes, the carbon host plays a key role in the electrochemical performance of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. In this paper, a mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon (MPNC)‐sulfur nanocomposite is reported as a novel cathode for advanced Li‐S batteries. The nitrogen doping in the MPNC material can effectively promote chemical adsorption between sulfur atoms and oxygen functional groups on the carbon, as verified by X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and the mechanism by which nitrogen enables the behavior is further revealed by density functional theory calculations. Based on the advantages of the porous structure and nitrogen doping, the MPNC‐sulfur cathodes show excellent cycling stability (95% retention within 100 cycles) at a high current density of 0.7 mAh cm ‐2 with a high sulfur loading (4.2 mg S cm ‐2 ) and a sulfur content (70 wt%). A high areal capacity (≈3.3 mAh cm ‐2 ) is demonstrated by using the novel cathode, which is crucial for the practical application of Li‐S batteries. It is believed that the important role of nitrogen doping promoted chemical adsorption can be extended for development of other high performance carbon‐sulfur composite cathodes for Li‐S batteries.
Radiation pneumonitis in mice. Some effects of corticosteroids on mortality and pulmonary physiology. (1980)

The fall in pulmonary compliance in mice with radiation pneumonitis is associated with increased microvascular leakage of plasma proteins into the alveolar spaces and increased surfactant phospholipids in the lung and alveolar fluid. In the present experiments we examined the effect of corticosteroid adminitration on these two effects and on pulmonary mechanics 16 wk after x irradiation of the thorax. Survival in irradiated animals that received corticosteroids was markedly better during the period of corticosteroid administration than that of irradiated animals that received no corticosteroids. The development of abnormalities in pulmonary mechanics and alveolar fluid surface tension appeared to be inhibited in the irradiated animals receiving corticosteroids as compared with irradiated animals not receiving corticosteroids. The increased microvascular protein leakage seen in the lungs of irradiated mice was not significantly different in the corticosteroid-treated group. However, corticosteroid adminstration was associated with a marked increase in the amount of phosphatidyl choline that could be recovered from the alveolar spaces by lavage, over and above the increase resulting from irradiation, and a significant increase in the incorporation of [14C]palmitate into phosphatidyl choline by lung slices. The beneficial effects of steroids in this variety of adult respiratory distress syndrome may be the result of augmented surfactant production which may contribute to the maintenance of relatively normal pulmonary mechanics despite substantial leakage of plasma proteins into the alveolar space.
Subnanometer behavior of a capacitive feedback, piezoelectric displacement actuator (1992)

This paper presents the calibration of piezoelectrically actuated capacitance micrometers for use as a transfer standard of nanometer level precision using x-ray interferometry. Because of the interferometer’s extreme sensitivity to twisting moments, there is a pressing need for high-quality transfer systems to widen its range of applicability. Two promising candidates for this are piezoelectric actuators controlled by internal capacitive sensors and parallel-plate capacitive micrometry. Both are investigated to determine useful precision for the discrimination and traceability over the range 1–20 nm. It is shown that systems of high mechanical stability can readily be produced. They offer at the very worst traceable accuracy of a few tenths of a nanometer, with, in the case of the gauge, a wide bandwidth of greater than 1 kHz. It is argued that existing technologies can provide calibrators working at relatively rapid speeds with uncertainties better than around 20 pm over usefully large ranges, presently 15 μm.
Esophageal Cancer in Uruguay: A Case-Control Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1985)

Esophageal cancer has constituted a major public health problem in Uruguay, with age-adjusted death rates of 14.5 X 10(5) for males and of 3.8 X 10(5) for females. A case-control study was undertaken to ascertain the possible association of the local custom of drinking infusions of Ilex paraguariensis ("maté") with cancer of the esophagus, after controlling for well-known risk factors, such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. Two hundred twenty-six patients with esophageal cancer and 469 controls (control:case = 2.1) were interviewed at the time of admission or consultation at the Oncology Institute of Montevideo from 1979 through 1984. Males showed elevated risks of esophageal cancer associated with heavy tobacco [relative risk (RR) = 10.8] and alcohol (RR = 10.3) exposures. Among females, the independent effects of tobacco and alcohol were nonsignificant. Maté consumption had an independent effect in both males and females, with odds ratios of 6.5 and 34.6, respectively, for heavy users. Moreover, a well-defined dose response was evident in both sexes.
The Failure of Double-Skinned, Composite, Circular Cylindrical Shells under External Pressure (1978)

In addition to the tests previously reported (1)†, ten further double-skinned composite shells of imperfect geometry were collapsed under external pressure. This paper seeks to relate the performance of the shells to their theoretical strength and stability failure pressures. One of the conclusions is that this type of shell can be confidently designed to withstand pressures equal to or, if required, greater than the pressure required to cause yielding of the steel membranes in the circumferential direction.
A Task Compaction Scheme for 3D Torus Multicomputer Systems. (1999)

Hemorrhagic hepatopathy is a syndrome reported in layer pullets resulting in mortality and lesions including hepatic, splenic, and intestinal necrosis; hepatic and splenic enlargement; hemorrhages; amyloidosis of the muscle, spleen, and liver; accumulation of noncoagulated hemorrhagic fluid in the coelom; and frequently, granulomatous myositis at bacterin injection sites. The syndrome is characterized in the literature in table egg layer pullets and is thought to be associated with the administration of bacterin vaccines, namely, frequently <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i> bacterins. Hemorrhagic hepatopathy is recognized by industry veterinarians as also occurring infrequently in broiler breeder pullets in the United States. As the condition is likely due to an inflammatory process in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide inoculation, it is important to characterize both the pathologic changes and predisposing factors for the condition in broiler breeds, which are immunologically different from table egg layer breeds. In this study, we characterize the gross and microscopic lesions observed in a series of diagnostic laboratory cases of hemorrhagic hepatopathy in broiler breeder pullets and suggest a possible pathophysiology for the condition. Additionally, we report results from a case survey of the United States broiler industry that suggest that the condition is due to a reaction to bacterin vaccination and that certain bacterin products may predispose pullet flocks to develop the condition. Although further research is indicated, these findings establish hemorrhagic hepatopathy as a pathologic condition of broiler breeder pullets and may aid in the diagnosis and prevention of the syndrome.
Tailless aircraft control law design using dynamic inversion & μ-synthesis (2002)

In this paper, a manual flight control system for the combined longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamics of a tailless fighter airplane is presented. The design method used is dynamic inversion combined with structured singular value synthesis to address the issues of stability, performance, and robustness to plant uncertainties. Design objectives are formulated in terms of stability, flying qualities, and robustness achieved by the closed-loop system. The controller structure consists of an inner loop in which equalizes the airplane dynamics across the flight envelope and an outer loop having a robust dynamic controller to provide the tracking performance.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Bismuth Subsalicylate and Other Bismuth Salts (1990)

This report demonstrates that bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) effectively inhibits growth of a number of bacterial strains known to cause diarrhea, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter. Other bismuth salts and sodium salicylate, a hydrolysis product of BSS in the gut, also were examined and were shown to have various degrees of activity. Growth of the organisms was monitored in vitro by inoculating culture fluid that contained one of the compounds to be tested and determining the concentration of viable organisms over a 24-hour period. Control cultures of each organism were grown in the absence of bismuth subsalicylate. BSS inhibited growth of all organisms examined in a dose-dependent fashion. Reductions of 2-6 logs, as compared with controls, were observed in cultures grown in the presence of 10-50 mM BSS. Other bismuth salts displayed various degrees of inhibition. These results suggest that the efficacy of BSS as an antidiarrheal agent may be related to an antimicrobial mechanism of action.
Kissing Cuisines: Exploring Worldwide Culinary Habits on the Web (2016)

Food and nutrition occupy an increasingly prevalent space on the web, and dishes and recipes shared online provide an invaluable mirror into culinary cultures and attitudes around the world. More specifically, ingredients, flavors, and nutrition information become strong signals of the taste preferences of individuals and civilizations. However, there is little understanding of these palate varieties. In this paper, we present a large-scale study of recipes published on the web and their content, aiming to understand cuisines and culinary habits around the world. Using a database of more than 157K recipes from over 200 different cuisines, we analyze ingredients, flavors, and nutritional values which distinguish dishes from different regions, and use this knowledge to assess the predictability of recipes from different cuisines. We then use country health statistics to understand the relation between these factors and health indicators of different nations, such as obesity, diabetes, migration, and health expenditure. Our results confirm the strong effects of geographical and cultural similarities on recipes, health indicators, and culinary preferences across the globe.
Circular External Fixation Frames with Divergent Half Pins: A Pilot Biomechanical Study (2008)

The use of hexapod circular external fixators has simplified the ability to correct complex limb deformities without cumbersome frame reconfigurations. These frames are applied primarily using half pin mountings and may be difficult to utilize given the constraints of traditional half pin constructs. We compared the biomechanical performance of simplified divergent half pin frames to mountings currently being utilized for application of hexapod frames. Three 6-mm half pins per limb segment were placed into sawbones at 60 degree divergent angles in both the sagittal and coronal planes in a 2-cm diaphyseal fracture gap model. Pin mountings were attached to a standardized four-ring construct. This was compared to similar four-ring frames with two differing pin/wire configurations: (1) two tensioned wires per ring placed at 90 degree angles, a total eight wires; and (2) two 5-mm half pins per ring placed at 90 degree angles, a total eight half pins. The divergent 6-mm half pin frames demonstrated similar performance compared the standardized tensioned wire and 5-mm half pin frames in terms of axial micromotion and angular deflection. Based on the mechanical performance of these divergent half pin frames we believe they can be used clinically without detrimental consequences.
Validation of Inventory models for Single-echelon Supply Chain using Discrete-event Simulation (2018)

Inventory decision frameworks proposed in the literature for single-echelon supply chain systems rely on assumptions to obtain closed form expressions. In particular, two such frameworks - one conventional and the other with a demand undershoot - determine optimal reorder point for a desired $β$ or Type-II service level. In this work we assess the accuracy and applicability of these frameworks with the help of a discrete event simulation framework developed in SimPy. While in several cases the closed form literature models under-predict the service level, and thus result in a higher reorder point and safety stock, we observe some situations where model predicted service levels match the simulated results with statistical significance.
Large Scale Image Processing in Real-Time Environments with Kafka (2017)

Recently, real-time image data generated is increasing not only in resolution but also in amount. This large-scale image originates from a large number of camera channels. There is a way to use GPU for high-speed processing of images, but it cannot be done efficiently by using single GPU for large-scale image processing. In this paper, we provide a new method for constructing a distributed environment using open source called Apache Kafka for real-time processing of large-scale images. This method provides an opportunity to gather related data into single node for high-speed processing using GPGPU or Xeon-Phi processing.
Image-Guided Intraoperative Cortical Deformation Recovery Using Game Theory: Application to Neocortical Epilepsy Surgery (2010)

During neurosurgery, nonrigid brain deformation prevents preoperatively-acquired images from accurately depicting the intraoperative brain. Stereo vision systems can be used to track intraoperative cortical surface deformation and update preoperative brain images in conjunction with a biomechanical model. However, these stereo systems are often plagued with calibration error, which can corrupt the deformation estimation. In order to decouple the effects of camera calibration from the surface deformation estimation, a framework that can solve for disparate and often competing variables is needed. Game theory, which was developed to handle decision making in this type of competitive environment, has been applied to various fields from economics to biology. In this paper, game theory is applied to cortical surface tracking during neocortical epilepsy surgery and used to infer information about the physical processes of brain surface deformation and image acquisition. The method is successfully applied to eight in vivo cases, resulting in an 81% decrease in mean surface displacement error. This includes a case in which some of the initial camera calibration parameters had errors of 70%. Additionally, the advantages of using a game theoretic approach in neocortical epilepsy surgery are clearly demonstrated in its robustness to initial conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiophene Systems. Part 10. The Synthesis and Chemistry of Some Thienopyridinols. (1989)

Abstract 3‐Thiopheneacetic acid (I) is converted to the methyl ester (IVa) and its C‐substitution products (IVb) and (IVc) which are acetylated to give the regioisomeric methyl ketones (VI) and (VII).
<title>Speckle noise reduction in TV holography</title> (1996)

The recent introduction of pulsed lasers for studying transient phenomena by means of TV holography makes very difficult the analysis of fringe patterns by conventional techniques. For this reason, previously to the evaluation of the phase distribution, digital filters must be applied to reduce speckle noise. In this paper some after fringe generation techniques for speckle noise reduction are compared: three methods commonly used in synthetic aperture radar imagery, a scale-space nonlinear filter and a de-noising method based on the use of wavelet transforms.