gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ブドウ、マスカット・ベーリーA及びデラウェアのGA前処理適期の判定指標としての花冠長 (1979)

ブドウに対するGA前処理の適期を判定するためには,花器の発達程度を知ることが重要である. そこで,マスカット・ベーリーAとデラウェアについて,処理適期における花らい各部の大きさと処理効果との関連性を調査した. 1)マスカット・ベーリーＡ10園で調査したGA処理適期における平均花冠長は,いずれも2.0～2.2mmの範囲内で,適期の2,3日前または後には1.6～1.9mm,及び2.3～2.5mmとなり,いずれも適期における値とは有意の差があった. 2)同一のベーリーA樹につき,3年連続して適期における新梢と花器の発達を調査した結果,花冠長は新梢長や展葉数にくらべて,年次による相違が少なかった. 3)デラウェアについても同様の傾向が認められ,加温園1か所を含む5園における処理適期の花冠長は1.8～2.0mmであった. 1.6mm以下または2.1mm以上の時期に処理すると,ばら房になったり,有種子果粒が混入した. 4)以上の結果及び測定が容易であることから,花冠長はGA処理適期を判定するための有効かつ実用的な指標であると考えられる。
Right ventricular bifocal stimulation in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure (1999)

These results suggest that, when left ventricular stimulation is not possible, right ventricular bifocal stimulation should be used in patients with severe cardiomyopathy where a pacemaker is indicated.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Diagnostic accuracy and prediction of dementia (2015)

Abstract Introduction Guidelines for the use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) establish that each laboratory must use internally qualified cutoff values. We determined the concentrations of biomarkers that discriminate cases from controls and combinations that predict the progression to dementia in a Brazilian cohort. Methods Concentrations of amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ 1–42 ), total tau (T‐tau), and 181 Thr‐phosphorylated‐tau (P‐tau) were determined in CSF samples from 184 older adults (68 mild cognitive impairment, 41 AD, 34 non‐AD cognitive impairment, and 41 controls) by the INNO‐BIA AlzBio3 assay. Results Cutoff values discriminating AD from controls are as follows: Aβ 1–42 : 416.0 pg/mL (sensitivity [SE]: 83%, specificity (SP): 70%); T‐tau: 76.7 pg/mL (SE: 82%, SP: 67%); P‐tau: 36.1 pg/mL (SE: 83%, SP: 49%); Aβ 1–42 /P‐tau <9.53 (SE: 88%, SP: 78%); and Aβ 1–42 /T‐tau <4.13 (SE: 80%; SP: 80%). Combining values Aβ 1–42 <416.5 pg/mL and Aβ 1–42 /P‐tau <9.5 best predicted the conversion in 2 years (Cox regression: hazard ratio 7.24 [2.09–25.06], P = .002, SE: 74%, Sp: 73%). Discussion Our findings are in line with most of the available evidence in this field; yet, our cutoff values are different from those derived from other laboratories.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FORCED DIFFERENTIAL STEERING CONTROL SYSTEM (2013)

Head feeding combine harvesters are requested high turning performance, because they must turn again and again during harvesting in slippage paddy of about 0.3ha in area. Thus they are equipped with rubber crawler and they cannot adapt Clutch and Brake system that is low turning performance. If 2 HST for a traveling and a turning are combined with planetary gear units, engine power can be transmitted to both of left and right crawlers during even turning. Output of HST for traveling is transmitted to each sun-gear of the left and right units. Output of HST for turning is transmitted to each ring-gear of the units provided the rotational direction of the left ring-gear is different from the right one. Each carrier of the units is connected with half-axles for crawlers. This system is called Forced Differential Steering System. If HST for turning does not rotate, both of the ring-gears are locked. Thus the left and right carriers are rotated at same speed, so that vehicle runs straight. The system, however, has a defect in turning that an operator is requested different steering operation at forward and reverse, respectively. This problem has been solved by invention of conical-linkage-mechanism. The mechanism consists of only mechanical linkage without electric device. Vehicle speed is changed by an inclination of the bottom circle of the cone by a speed selector lever. Turning angle is changed by rotation of the bottom circumference by a steering wheel. The idea depends on the distance between top of the cone and any point of the bottom circumference is always equal. Therefore vehicle can be turned smoothly in proportion to the steering wheel angle in spite of vehicle speed. Yanmar Co. names the system Full-time Drive System (FDS). The system can be applied to all vehicles with crawler.
Early Anterior/Posterior Patterning of the Midbrain and Cerebellum (2001)

Transplantation studies performed in chicken embryos indicated that early anterior/posterior patterning of the vertebrate midbrain and cerebellum might be regulated by an organizing center at the junction between the midbrain and hindbrain. More than a decade of molecular and genetic studies have shown that such an organizer is indeed central to development of the midbrain and anterior hindbrain. Furthermore, a complicated molecular network that includes multiple positive and negative feedback loops underlies the establishment and refinement of a mid/hindbrain organizer, as well as the subsequent function of the organizer. In this review, we first introduce the expression patterns of the genes known to be involved in this patterning process and the quail-chick transplantation experiments that have provided the foundation for understanding the genetic pathways regulating mid/hindbrain patterning. Subsequently, we discuss the molecular genetic studies that have revealed the roles for many genes in normal early patterning of this region. Finally, some of the remaining questions and future directions are discussed.
Discovery of Chemical Inhibitors of Human Bromodomains (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDiscovery of Chemical Inhibitors of Human BromodomainsGuangtao Zhang*, Steven G. Smith, and Ming-Ming Zhou*View Author Information Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, United States*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 21, 11625–11668Publication Date (Web):October 23, 2015Publication History Received6 April 2015Published online23 October 2015Published inissue 11 November 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00205https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00205review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6136Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Cancer,Inhibitors,Molecules,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Changes in Lipids of Young and Adult Saury Cololabis saira (Pisces) (1980)

Class and fatty acid compositions of the lipids were investigated in young and adult saury Cololabis saira from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the flesh of young fish during northward migration, lipid contents were about 3 O/O. Adults in the feeding period contained more than 15 O/o lipid contents in August (males) and September (females). In adult flesh, the lipid contents decreased gradually during southward migration and reached about 4 O/O in late November. Triglycerides in flesh lipids increased with lipid accumulation. Wax esters occurred mainly as a minor component in flesh lipids of saury during the feeding period. Fatty acids of adult non-polar lipids contained more 20:l and 22:l than those of juveniles. These acids increased gradually during southward migration and reached 24.7 '/a for 20:l and 32.8 O/O for 22:l in late November. On the other hand, 16:0, 16:l. 18:l and 18:4w3 tended to decrease. These fluctuations in lipd may be related not only to dietary lipids but also to the utilization of lipids by the fish for migration and gonadal maturation.
Commanding sensors and controlling indoor autonomous mobile robots (2002)

Any sensory system can be viewed as a passive or dumb element which provides raw data. It can also be viewed as an intelligent element which returns "analyzed" information. Finally, it can be viewed as a commanding element which sends commands to the physical system. Each of these views is used in different situations and for different tasks. Commanding sensors are an extension to the logical sensor approach in which a mapping from events to actions is added to the sensor model. In a previous paper (1995), we proposed a sensor-based distributed control scheme for mobile robots along with several simulation results. In this paper, the application of this scheme to control a real mobile robot is presented and the results of several experiments are discussed. A server-client model is used to implement this scheme where the server is a process that carries out the commands to be executed, and each client is a process with a certain task. The logical sensor approach is used to model the sensory system which provides different levels of data representation with tolerance measures and analysis.
Allyl Isothiocyanate that Induces GST and UGT Expression Confers Oxidative Stress Resistance on C. elegans, as Demonstrated by Nematode Biosensor (2010)

We show the applicability of the nematode biosensor for discovering and evaluating functional food substances and chemicals that would provide anti-ageing or healthful benefits.
Transcriptional induction of the PML growth suppressor gene by interferons is mediated through an ISRE and a GAS element. (1995)

PML is a nuclear matrix protein with growth suppressing properties, whose expression is deregulated during oncogenesis. Moreover, in the t(15;17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), PML fusion to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) is the likely molecular basis of leukaemogenesis. Here we show that interferons (IFNs) alpha, beta, and gamma upregulate PML mRNA expression. Analysis of 5' genomic sequences of the PML gene revealed an IFN-alpha/-beta stimulated response element (ISRE) and an IFN-gamma activation site (GAS) in the untranslated first exon. Binding of IFN signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) was demonstrated to be weak for the PML GAS, but strong for the PML ISRE which also seemed to contribute substantially to the IFN-gamma response. Thus, PML is a primary target gene of IFNs and would appear as a suitable candidate for mediating some of their antiproliferative effects. Abnormalities of PML structure, localisation or expression in human malignancy, constitute examples of how an IFN target gene may be altered in oncogenesis.
The Rhetoric and Reality of Bargaining Structures Under the Howard Government (1998)

Abstract Bargaining structures have been a central issue in policy debates of recent years. This paper seeks to explore both the ambitions of the Howard Government, through its rhetoric on bargaining structures, and the real impact of the Workplace Relations Act on bargaining structures in Australia. The main conclusion is that the government has been more successful in changing bargaining structures than previously thought.
Enhanced Boiling on Microconfigured Surfaces (1989)

New results are presented for pool boiling from vertical, smooth and regularly microconfigured etched silicon surfaces, in saturated water at 1 atm. All specimens were 1.27 cm square and approximately 300 μm thick. The etched microstructures were hexagonal dimples and rectangular trenches. The dimples were 4.1 μm deep and 11.5 μm across, on 22 μm centers. The trenches were 51 μm deep, 12.6 μm wide and 101 μm long, with repeat distances of 22 and 110 μm, in the two directions. The surface densities of the microstructures were 2 × 105 per cm2 for the dimples and 0.4 × 105 per cm2 for the trenches. Electrical heating was accomplished by applying an electrical potential across the phosphorous doped dry side of the silicon specimen substrate. The hexagonally dimpled specimen in the nominal nucleate pool boiling region had heat transfer increased by a factor of 4.2 over that of the smooth specimens. The heat transfer enhancement was a factor of 3.1 over the smooth specimen data, for the trenched specimen data. In the nominally convective-vaporization regime, both the smooth and microconfigured specimens had as much as 5 times the heat transfer compared to a uniform flux natural convection correlation. Comparable heat transfer measurements in subcooled water verified the experimental procedure and also indicated that only a small fraction of this large enhancement may be explained by edge effects, on these small heaters.
Iterative Soft-Input Soft-Output Decoding of Reed–Solomon Codes by Adapting the Parity-Check Matrix (2006)

An iterative algorithm is presented for soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The proposed iterative algorithm uses the sum-product algorithm (SPA) in conjunction with a binary parity-check matrix of the RS code. The novelty is in reducing a submatrix of the binary parity-check matrix that corresponds to less reliable bits to a sparse nature before the SPA is applied at each iteration. The proposed algorithm can be geometrically interpreted as a two-stage gradient descent with an adaptive potential function. This adaptive procedure is crucial to the convergence behavior of the gradient descent algorithm and, therefore, significantly improves the performance. Simulation results show that the proposed decoding algorithm and its variations provide significant gain over hard-decision decoding (HDD) and compare favorably with other popular soft-decision decoding methods
Biomarkers of increased diffusion anisotropy in semi-acute mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal perspective (2012)

Mild traumatic brain injury is the most prevalent neurological insult and frequently results in neurobehavioural sequelae. However, little is known about the pathophysiology underlying the injury and how these injuries change as a function of time. Although diffusion tensor imaging holds promise for in vivo characterization of white matter pathology, both the direction and magnitude of anisotropic water diffusion abnormalities in axonal tracts are actively debated. The current study therefore represents both an independent replication effort (n = 28) of our previous findings (n = 22) of increased fractional anisotropy during semi-acute injury, as well as a prospective study (n = 26) on the putative recovery of diffusion abnormalities. Moreover, new analytical strategies were applied to capture spatially heterogeneous white matter injuries, which minimize implicit assumptions of uniform injury across diverse clinical presentations. Results indicate that whereas a general pattern of high anisotropic diffusion/low radial diffusivity was present in various white matter tracts in both the replication and original cohorts, this pattern was only consistently observed in the genu of the corpus callosum across both samples. Evidence for a greater number of localized clusters with increased anisotropic diffusion was identified across both cohorts at trend levels, confirming heterogeneity in white matter injury. Pooled analyses (50 patients; 50 controls) suggested that measures of diffusion within the genu were predictive of patient classification, albeit at very modest levels (71% accuracy). Finally, we observed evidence of recovery in lesion load in returning patients across a 4-month interval, which was correlated with a reduction in self-reported post-concussive symptomatology. In summary, the corpus callosum may serve as a common point of injury in mild traumatic brain injury secondary to anatomical (high frequency of long unmyelinated fibres) and biomechanics factors. A spatially heterogeneous pattern of increased anisotropic diffusion exists in various other white matter tracts, and these white matter anomalies appear to diminish with recovery. This macroscopic pattern of diffusion abnormalities may be associated with cytotoxic oedema following mechanical forces, resulting in changes in ionic homeostasis, and alterations in the ratio of intracellular and extracellular water. Animal models more specific to the types of mild traumatic brain injury typically incurred by humans are needed to confirm the histological correlates of these macroscopic markers of white matter pathology.
High-Throughput Photonic Packaging (2017)

We have demonstrated photonic packaging compatible with standard, high-throughput, microelectronics assembly lines. We show a 1.3dB fiber-to-chip loss and 1.1dB chip-to-chip loss. We discuss the rationale behind this approach and compare to other packaging directions.
Role of viruses in renal cell carcinoma. (2012)

To determine whether viral infections are related to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we studied 49 patients with RCC (29 patients were males with age ranging from 30 to 81 years and a mean of 57.5 years; 20 patients were females with age ranging from 36 to 70 years with a mean of 58.4 years) and 16 non-neoplastic kidney patients as controls. Tissues specimens from study patients and controls were examined by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of DNA of several viruses including human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and polyoma viruses (BKV and JCV). Our results revealed that 7 of 49 (14.29%) RCC tissue specimens had HPV DNA compared with none of 16 non-cancer control subjects. Regarding the HPV types, all the positive results were high-risk HPV types (type 16 in three and 18 in four patients). The present study suggests that HPV infection, especially high-risk types, is associated with RCC. However, more studies are necessary to demonstrate the molecular oncogenic processes involved in this association.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Single Crystalline Iron Hydroxide and Oxide Nanorods in Aqueous Media (2011)

An easy aqueous 'one-pot' synthesis route for the fabrication of single crystalline uniform iron hydroxide (beta-FeOOH) nanorods at low temperature is reported. beta-FeOOH nanorods with diameters of 5-37 nm and lengths up to 45-185 nm were obtained by varying the reaction parameters. Addition of ethanol was found to be crucial to control the aspect ratio. After calcination at 250 degrees C for 2 h the as-obtained beta-FeOOH nanorods was converted to alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods. To the best of our knowledge, beta-FeOOH nanorods having diameter less than 6 nm is reported for the first time.
Identities, antigenic determinants, and topographic distributions of neurofilament proteins in the nervous systems of adult frogs and tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (1988)

Three proteins with nominal molecular weights of 73 kDa (XNF-L), 175 kDa (XNF-M), and 205 kDa (XNF-H) were identified as putative neurofilament proteins in the nervous system of the frog, Xenopus laevis. These conclusions were based on four criteria: (1) these proteins were enriched in cytoskeletal preparations; (2) they reacted with a monoclonal antibody (anti-IFA) that cross-reacts with an epitope found in all intermediate filament proteins; (3) they cross-reacted with monoclonal antibodies directed against specific mammalian neurofilaments; and (4) antibodies that reacted with these proteins on Western blots specifically stained neurons in immunohistochemical analyses. The neurofilament proteins in Xenopus were antigenically similar, but not identical to mammalian neurofilament proteins. The principal difference was that four antibodies that reacted on Western blots with rat NF-H reacted with XNF-M in Xenopus. However, similarly to mammals, antibodies against phosphorylated XNF-M specifically labeled axons, whereas an antibody that reacted only with dephosphorylated epitopes on XNF-M specifically labeled neuronal cell bodies in immunohistochemistry. Three other antibodies that reacted equally well with untreated or alkaline-phosphatase-treated XNF-M or XNF-H proteins also showed axonally restricted staining in the adult Xenopus nervous system. An XNF-L (XC5D10) antibody was produced which stained axons and cell bodies equivalently throughout the adult Xenopus nervous system. By 3 days of development (stage 42; Xenopus tadpoles), antibodies to all three molecular weight forms of the frog neurofilament proteins detected specific neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord; and antibodies to phosphorylated and dephosphorylated epitopes on XNF-M could discriminate between axons and cell bodies in the rhombencephalon. The immunoreactivities of four antibodies directed at XNF-L, -M, or -H, which were unaffected by alkaline phosphatase treatment, differed significantly in their immunohistochemical staining patterns in adult vs. premetamorphic frogs.
[Cultivated cardiac muscle cells--a functional test system for the detection of autoantibodies against the beta-adrenergic receptor]. (1988)

The cultured rat heart myocytes constitute a functional test system for the detection of autoantibodies directed against the beta 2-adrenergic receptor subtype. In the present experiments we used autoantibodies-containing gamma-globulin fractions isolated from the serum of allergic asthmatics. Our data show that the gamma-globulin fractions inhibited with high sensitivity and specificity the positive chronotropic effect of the beta 2-selective adrenergic agonist clenbuterol.
Optimization of Variable Approach Lane Use at Isolated Signalized Intersections (2016)

The variable approach lane (VAL) at an isolated signalized intersection is an effective way to handle the variation of arrival traffic at intersection approaches by reallocating the space resource according to the time-varying demand volumes. This study developed a model that simultaneously optimizes VAL use and signal timings, with the objective of minimizing the average intersection delay. The model constraints mainly include three parts: VAL use, signal timings, and degree of saturation. The application of the model was demonstrated through two numerical examples. The findings support the notion that the optimization algorithm can effectively reduce traffic delay. However, the benefits of VALs for intersection performance varied under different traffic conditions. One VAL installed on a single approach can effectively reduce cycle length and average delay when the left-turn traffic on that approach is greater than 600 passenger cars units per hour (pcu/h). VALs installed on two opposing approaches provided optimal solutions in 58 of 81 traffic combinations. The average delay decreased by more than 20%, with the exception that no VAL was needed when the left-turn traffic in both approaches was 200 pcu/h. Simulation of the scenarios in Vissim showed similar results of the model under different conditions, which verified the model’s validity. The results suggest that the availability of VALs provided the intersection with improved capacity to deal with large traffic fluctuations.