gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling via the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 exerts neuronal and vascular protection in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia (2011)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Fewer than 5% of patients benefit from the only intervention approved to treat stroke. Thus, there is an enormous need to identify new therapeutic targets. The role of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activity in stroke and other neurologic diseases is complex, as both activation and sustained inhibition can engender cerebral injury. Whether COX-2 induces cerebroprotective or injurious effects is probably dependent on which downstream prostaglandin receptors are activated. Here, we investigated the function of the PGE2 receptor EP4 in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Systemic administration of a selective EP4 agonist after ischemia reduced infarct volume and ameliorated long-term behavioral deficits. Expression of EP4 was robust in neurons and markedly induced in endothelial cells after ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting that neuronal and/or endothelial EP4 signaling imparts cerebroprotection. Conditional genetic inactivation of neuronal EP4 worsened stroke outcome, consistent with an endogenous protective role of neuronal EP4 signaling in vivo. However, endothelial deletion of EP4 also worsened stroke injury and decreased cerebral reperfusion. Systemic administration of an EP4 agonist increased levels of activated eNOS in cerebral microvessels, an effect that was abolished with conditional deletion of endothelial EP4. Thus, our data support the concept of targeting protective prostaglandin receptors therapeutically after stroke.
Rescue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype in a mouse model by intravenous <scp>AAV</scp> 9‐ <scp> <i>ADAR</i> </scp> <i>2</i> delivery to motor neurons (2013)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease, and the lack of effective therapy results in inevitable death within a few years of onset. Failure of GluA2 RNA editing resulting from downregulation of the RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) occurs in the majority of ALS cases and causes the death of motor neurons via a Ca(2+) -permeable AMPA receptor-mediated mechanism. Here, we explored the possibility of gene therapy for ALS by upregulating ADAR2 in mouse motor neurons using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector that provides gene delivery to a wide array of central neurons after peripheral administration. A single intravenous injection of AAV9-ADAR2 in conditional ADAR2 knockout mice (AR2), which comprise a mechanistic mouse model of sporadic ALS, caused expression of exogenous ADAR2 in the central neurons and effectively prevented progressive motor dysfunction. Notably, AAV9-ADAR2 rescued the motor neurons of AR2 mice from death by normalizing TDP-43 expression. This AAV9-mediated ADAR2 gene delivery may therefore enable the development of a gene therapy for ALS.
Predicting the Outcome of Unsuccessful Prehospital Advanced Cardiac Life Support (1993)

Rapid transport of adults who fail to respond to an adequate trial of prehospital ACLS does not result in meaningful rates of survival. In such cases, on-line emergency medical service physicians should authorize paramedics to cease efforts in the field.
Engineering Privacy in Smartphone Apps: A Technical Guideline Catalog for App Developers (2020)

With the rapid growth of technology in recent years, we are surrounded by or even dependent on the use of technological devices such as smartphones as they are now an indispensable part of our life. Smartphone applications (apps) provide a wide range of utilities such as navigation, entertainment, fitness, etc. To provide such context-sensitive services to users, apps need to access users' data including sensitive ones, which in turn, can potentially lead to privacy invasions. To protect users against potential privacy invasions in such a vulnerable ecosystem, legislation such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) demands best privacy practices. Therefore, app developers are required to make their apps compatible with legal privacy principles enforced by law. However, this is not an easy task for app developers to comprehend purely legal principles to understand what needs to be implemented. Similarly, bridging the gap between legal principles and technical implementations to understand how legal principles need to be implemented is another barrier to develop privacy-friendly apps. To this end, this paper proposes a privacy and security design guide catalog for app developers to assist them in understanding and adopting the most relevant privacy and security principles in the context of smartphone apps. The presented catalog is aimed at mapping the identified legal principles to practical privacy and security solutions that can be implemented by developers to ensure enhanced privacy aligned with existing legislation. Through conducting a case study, it is confirmed that there is a significant gap between what developers are doing in reality and what they promise to do. This paper provides researchers and developers of privacy-related technicalities an overview of the characteristics of existing privacy requirements needed to be implemented in smartphone ecosystems, on which they can base their work.
Knowledge Awareness: Bridging Learners in a Collaborative Learning Environment (1998)

This paper describes knowledge awareness (KA), a new concept for inducing collaboration in an open ended and collaborative learning environment. Sharlok (sharing, linking and lookingfor knowledge) is also proposed as a testbed of KA, which has a knowledge building and collaborative learning environment connected via Internet. To enhance collaboration opportunities in this situation, KA provides information about the activities of the learners within the shared knowledge space. For instance, the messages are “someone is looking at the same knowledge that you are looking at.”, “someone discussed the knowledge which you have inputted”. The spontaneous collaboration which is created by the messages, facilitates the refinement and evolution of the learners ’ knowledge. We have tested and verified the effectiveness of Sharlok and KA through their use.
Optically induced surface gratings on azoaromatic polymer films (1995)

The surface of an azoaromatic polymer film is optically altered to produce local highly efficient diffraction gratings. The gratings obtained are stable but can be erased by heating the polymer above its glass transition temperature and no permanent damage of the film is observed. Multiple gratings can be simultaneously written and gratings can be overwritten. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the gratings produced on the surfaces. Possible mechanisms responsible for the surface alteration are discussed.
Effects of cor15a-IPT gene expression on leaf senescence in transgenic Petuniaxhybrida and Dendranthemaxgrandiflorum (2005)

To prevent leaf senescence of young transplants or excised shoots during storage under dark and cold conditions, the cytokinin biosynthetic gene isopentenyl transferase (ipt) was placed under the control of a cold-inducible promoter cor15a from Arabidopsis thaliana and introduced into Petunia x hybrida 'Marco Polo Odyssey' and Dendranthema x grandiflorum (chrysanthemum) 'Iridon'. Transgenic cor15a-ipt petunia and chrysanthemum plants and excised leaves remained green and healthy during prolonged dark storage (4 weeks at 25 degrees C) after an initial exposure to a brief cold-induction period (4 degrees C for 72 h). However, cor15a-ipt chrysanthemum plants and excised leaves that were not exposed to a cold-induction period, senesced under the same dark storage conditions. Regardless of cold-induction treatment, leaves and plants of non-transformed plants senesced under prolonged dark storage. Analysis of ipt expression indicated a marked increase in gene expression in intact transgenic plants as well as in isolated transgenic leaves exposed to a short cold-induction treatment prior to dark storage. These changes correlated with elevated concentrations of cytokinins in transgenic leaves after cold treatment. Cor15a-ipt transgenic plants showed a normal phenotype when grown at 25 degrees C.
Primary Prevention of Stroke by Healthy Lifestyle (2008)

A low-risk lifestyle that is associated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic diseases also may be beneficial in the prevention of stroke, especially ischemic stroke.
Host-Parasite Relationships of Fasciola hepatica in the White Mouse. VIII. Successful Vaccination with Culture Incubate Antigens and Antigens from Sonic Disruption of Immature Worms (1977)

Bruce Z. Lang, Richard F. Hall, Host-Parasite Relationships of Fasciola hepatica in the White Mouse. VIII. Successful Vaccination with Culture Incubate Antigens and Antigens from Sonic Disruption of Immature Worms, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 63, No. 6 (Dec., 1977), pp. 1046-1049
Designing Dexter-based hypermedia services for the World Wide Web (1997)

Docuverse." However, for several deeades the hwermedia This paper discusses how to augment the WWW with a Dexter-based hypermedia service that provides anchors, links and composites as objects stored external to the Web pages. The hypermedia objects are stored in an objectoriented database that is accessible on the Web via an ordinary URL. The Dexter-based hypermedia service is based on the Devise Hypermedia framework. Three client solutions are described and discussed, one that is platfonrr independent baaed on Netscape Navigator 3.0, utilizing Java, JavaScript, and LiveConnect, and two that are platform dependent, one utilizing Netscape plug-ins, and another using Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0, utilizing mainly ActiveX. The server part is developed as a specialization of the Devise Hypermedia framework accessible through CGI scripts. Thus the system provides the full power of Dexterbased hypermedia to arbitrary Web pages on the Internet. This includes the ability for multiple users to create links from parts of HTML Web pages they do not own and support for creating links to parts of Web pages without writing HTML target tags. Support for providing links to/from parts of non-HTML data, such as Quicktime movies or VRML documents will also be possible in the future provided that appropriate open plug-in modules become available.
Acoustic metamaterials with broadband and wide-angle impedance matching (2018)

We propose a general approach to design broadband and wide-angle impedance-matched acoustic metamaterials. Such an unusual acoustic impedance matching characteristic can be well explained by using a spatially dispersive effective medium theory. For demonstrations, we used silicone rubber, which has a huge impedance contrast with water, to design one- and two-dimensional acoustic structures which are almost perfectly impedance matched to water for a wide range of incident angles and in a broad frequency band. Our work opens up an approach to realize extraordinary acoustic impedance matching properties via metamaterial-design techniques.
RBAC AUTHORIZATION DECISION WITH DL REASONING (2008)

Elemental iron provides a viable strategy to improve the denitrification efficiency by expediting electron transport. However, the roles of magnetic iron powder (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) on mixotrophic denitrification remains unknown. In this study, the intra/extracellular electron transfer (IET/EET) and microbial metabolism mechanisms were explored in a Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-mediated sulfide-autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification system. The results showed that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> promoted the formation of dense clump structure with filamentous cross-linking in activated sludge. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> could increase the coenzyme Q activity in IET and the content of free riboflavin and cytochrome c in EET. Metagenomic analysis indicated that denitrification, sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction were the main pathways of nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, and the enriched denitrifying bacteria (Halomonas and Hypobacterium) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Marinicella) could stably support nitrate removal. This study expands our understanding of the IET/EET during Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-mediated mixotrophic denitrification process, providing a novel insight for nitrogen removal from marine recirculating aquaculture wastewater.
Strategy and structure of international funds transfer systems (1996)

International funds transfer and the associated foreign exchange require the co-ordination of the payments process across national boundaries. Historically a dominant business standard emerged called the Society for World-wide International Funds Transfer (SWIFT). This relies on co-operation between all banks within this society and there is an accepted code of conduct covering the expected behaviour of each bank. To support the SWIFT standard complex networks of correspondent banking relationships have evolved and it is common for even a fairly small bank in one country to have hundreds of such arrangements with banks around the world. Based on original case research in Europe and America, the current array of banking structures are analysed with respect to business network theory from the strategy and IT literatures. It is demonstrated that the apparent diversity between different banks can be simplified by considering generic international banking structures. Five generic banking structures are presented and defined with respect to product market globalisation, strategy, market network structure, information technology, and organisational history.
Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Stat1 is regulated by a leucine-rich export signal in the coiled-coil domain (2000)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) proteins are latent transcription factors that reside in the cytoplasm before activation. On cytokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, these molecules dimerize and accumulate transiently in the nucleus. No specific signals mediating these processes have been identified to date. In this report, we examine the nuclear export of Stat1. We find that treatment of cells with the export inhibitor leptomycin B does not affect steady-state localization of Stat1 but impedes nuclear export after IFNgamma-induced nuclear accumulation. We identify a conserved leucine-rich helical segment in the coiled-coil domain of Stat1, which is responsible for the efficient nuclear export of this protein. Mutation of two hallmark leucines within this segment greatly attenuate the back transport of Stat1 in the cytoplasm. When fused to a carrier protein, the Stat1 export sequence can mediate nuclear export after intranuclear microinjection. We show that prolonging the nuclear presence of Stat1 by inhibiting nuclear export reduces the transcriptional response to stimulation with IFNgamma. These data suggest that Stats are actively exported from the nucleus via several separate pathways and link this activity to transcriptional activation.
Computer-aided interpretation of SPECT images of the brain using an MRI-derived 3D neuro-anatomical atlas (1991)

Nuclear medicine images have comparatively poor spatial resolution, making it difficult to relate the functional information which they contain to precise anatomical structures. A 3D neuro-anatomical atlas has been generated from the MRI data set of a normal, healthy volunteer to assist in the interpretation of nuclear medicine scans of the brain. Region growing and edge-detection techniques were used to semi-automatically segment the data set into the major tissue types within the brain. The atlas was then labelled interactively by marking points on each 2D slice. Anatomical structures useful in the interpretation of SPECT images were labelled. Additional, more detailed information corresponding to these structures is provided via an interactive index which allows access to images, diagrams and explanations. Registration of patient SPECT studies with the atlas is accomplished by using the position of the skull vertex and four external fiducial markers attached to the skin surface. The 3D coordinates determined from these points are used to calculate the transformation required to rotate, scale and translate the SPECT data, in 3D, to match the atlas. Corresponding 2D slices from the two 3D data sets are then displayed side-by-side on a computer screen. A cursor linking the two images allows the delineation of regions of interest (ROIs) in the SPECT scan based on anatomical structures identified from the atlas. Conversely regions of abnormal isotope distribution in the SPECT image can be localized by reference to corresponding structures in the atlas.
Greater emotional eating scores associated with reduced frontolimbic activation to palatable taste in adolescents (2014)

The current results are discussed in the context of findings of reduced reward activation to palatable taste receipt in obese adults and adolescents.
Nitric oxide mediates cytotoxicity and basic fibroblast growth factor release in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. A possible mechanism of neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques. (1995)

To define the pathophysiological role of nitric oxide (NO) released from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), we examined whether NO released from VSMC induces cytotoxicity in VSMC themselves and adjacent endothelial cells (EC) using a coculture system. Prolonged incubation with interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced large amounts of NO release and cytotoxicity in VSMC. NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, inhibited both NO release and cytotoxicity induced by IL-1. In contrast, DNA synthesis in cocultured EC was not inhibited but rather stimulated by prolonged incubation with IL-1 or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor. However, IL-1 and SNP did not stimulate but inhibited DNA synthesis in EC alone. On the other hand, conditioned medium from VSMC incubated for a long period with IL-1 or SNP stimulated DNA synthesis in EC alone. Furthermore, the concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor in the conditioned medium was increased and correlated with the degree of cytotoxicity in VSMC. These results indicate that NO released from VSMC induces VSMC death, which results in release of basic fibroblast growth factor, which then stimulates adjacent EC proliferation. Thus, NO released from VSMC may participate in the mechanism of neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques.
Functionalized Porous Organic Polymers as Uranium Nano-Traps for Efficient Recovery of Uranium from Seawater (2018)

The long-term use of nuclear power for energy applications relies on the secure and economical supply of nuclear fuel. Among various natural sources of uranium for use in nuclear reactors, seawater is highly appealing given that the oceans contain about 4.5 billion tons of dissolved uranium, almost 1000 times that estimated for mineral reserves. Nonetheless, the concentration of uranium in seawater is extremely low (3-3.3 mg L-1 or 3-3.3 ppb); this, coupled with the presence of a relatively high concentration of other metal ions, makes uranium recovery from seawater a challenge that requires the development of efficient and effective separation processes. Various adsorbent technologies based upon synthetic organic polymers, biopolymers, inorganic materials, mesoporous silica materials, porous carbon-based adsorbents, and ionic liquids have been widely developed for the extraction of uranium from seawater. However, these benchmark sorbent materials suffer from a number of drawbacks such as low adsorption capacity (typically 0.1~3.2 mg-U g-1 adsorbent), poor selectivity, and slow kinetics. Given the extreme complexity and vast volume of seawater, as well as the very low concentration of uranium present, to attain this ambitious task demands the design of adsorbents with high affinity and fast kinetics. The main objective of this project is to develop functional porous organic polymers (POPs) as a new type of adsorbent for mining uranium from seawater. This class of porous materials has quickly moved to the forefront of materials research due to their high internal surface areas, exceptional water/chemical stability, facile chemical tunability, and extraordinary capability to selectively adsorb large quantities of guest species The potential to deploy POPs in uranium extraction is related to the ease with which their internal surfaces can be decorated with high densities of strong binding sites. Beyond introducing postsynthetic modification, the specific functionalities also can be used as building units to be incorporated into porous frameworks. Our approach to fulfill this task involves the custom-design of POP-based uranium “nano-traps” via a “crystal engineering” guided design followed by stepwise post-synthetic modification. Furthermore, to increase the density of chelating groups and to enhance their affinity towards uranyl ions, judiciously designed chelating systems were constructed into porous organic polymers. Moreover, to improve the accessibility of the chelating groups and thereby the utilization efficiency, we assembled the chelating groups into highly crystalline materials where they are aligned in periodic arrays on the open channels.
Data summary of municipal solid waste management alternatives (1992)

The enthusiasm for and commitment to recycling of municipal solid wastes is based on several intuitive benefits: Conservation of landfill capacity; Conservation of non-renewable natural resources and energy sources; Minimization of the perceived potential environmental impacts of MSW combustion and landfilling; Minimization of disposal costs, both directly and through material resale credits. In this discussion, recycling'' refers to materials recovered from the waste stream. It excludes scrap materials that are recovered and reused during industrial manufacturing processes and prompt industrial scrap. Materials recycling is an integral part of several solid waste management options. For example, in the preparation of refuse-derived fuel (RDF), ferrous metals are typically removed from the waste stream both before and after shredding. Similarly, composting facilities, often include processes for recovering inert recyclable materials such as ferrous and nonferrous metals, glass, Plastics, and paper. While these two technologies have as their primary objectives the production of RDF and compost, respectively, the demonstrated recovery of recyclables emphasizes the inherent compatibility of recycling with these MSW management strategies. This appendix discusses several technology options with regard to separating recyclables at the source of generation, the methods available for collecting and transporting these materials to a MRF, the market requirements for post-consumer recycled materials, and the process unit operations. Mixed waste MRFs associated with mass bum plants are also presented.
Desmoglein-2-Integrin Beta-8 Interaction Regulates Actin Assembly in Endothelial Cells: Deregulation in Systemic Sclerosis (2013)

We have shown that impairment of actin assembly as a result of desmoglein-2/integrin-beta8 complex formation is a major factor contributing to angiogenesis deregulation in Systemic sclerosis.