gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of physical and psychophysical methods for the attenuation measurement of circumaural hearing protectors with implication for field use (1994)

A field-implementable measure is needed to estimate the attenuation workers are achieving with their hearing protectors in the field. Alternative measures for assessing a hearing protector's effectiveness were evaluated through comparison to the standardized real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) method, termed 1I3-REAT, a psychophysical procedure (ANSI S3.19-1984). One alternative deviated from the standardized procedure primarily through utilizing a pure-tone audiometer coupled to an amplifier and loudspeaker for the sound field presentation of pure tones (Pr -REAT). The other alternative. tenned microphone in real-ear (MIRE), used miniature microphones in each concha and just outside of each of the subject's two ears to physically measure the attenuation of the protector using both insertion loss (lL-MIRE) and noise reduction (NR-MIRE) procedures. Comparisons between the alternative measures were made across nine 113 octave bands centered at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3150,4000, 6300, and 8000 Hz. The experiment also explored a means for predicting broadband attenuation from data of a single 113 octave band through a regression analysis for both PT -REAT tests and NR-MIRE tests. Results showed that when comparing the PT -REAT test and the standardized 1/3-REA T method, the standardized method exhibited significantly greater attenuation at most of the 1/3 octave bands tested. The difference, however, may be due to the higher ambient noise levels present in the pure tone condition. The MIRE measures also showed some significant differences with the standardized 1/3-REAT method for the values collapsed across protectors, with the direction of the difference changing with test band. At 125 Hz, the MIRE metrics yielded significantly lower attenuation, while from 500 to 6300 Hz, the 1/3-REAT method generally yielded significantly lower attenuation. These differences may be due in part to the occlusion effect and the bone conduction of sound. In general, however, the size and consistency of the differences across hearing protection devices (HPDs) suggest that PT-REAT and MIRE measures hold promise for providing quick and relatively accurate estimations of an HPD's attenuation in the field. Results of the regression analyses indicated that single test band data obtained at 250 and 500 Hz, from both PT-REAT and NR-MIRE metrics, provided the best predictions for the hearing protectors tested in this study, based on their Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients.
Improvement of transient response in high-current output DC-DC converters (2004)

Concerning a low-voltage and high-current output DC-DC converter such as a voltage regulator module used for a 64-bit microprocessor, synchronization with paralleled current-doubler rectifiers has been considered for improvement in dynamic response. As a result, the output voltage deviation of 50 mV at a slew rate of 300 A//spl mu/s has been performed on a prototype with an output of 1.3 V/130 A.
Charge and spin response functions on a quantum computer: applications to molecules (2019)

We propose a scheme for the construction of charge and spin linear-response functions of an interacting electronic system via quantum phase estimation and statistical sampling on a quantum computer. By using the unitary decomposition of electronic operators for avoiding the difficulty due to their non-unitarity, we provide the circuits equipped with ancillae for probabilistic preparation of qubit states on which the necessary non-unitary operators have acted. We perform simulations of such construction of the response functions for C2 and N2 molecules by comparing with the accurate ones based on the full configuration interaction calculations. It is found that the accurate detection of subtle structures coming from the weak poles in the response functions requires a large number of measurements.
CTRP9 Protein Protects against Myocardial Injury following Ischemia-Reperfusion through AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)-dependent Mechanism (2012)

Ischemic heart disease is the major cause of death in Western countries. CTRP9 (C1q/TNF-related protein 9) is a fat-derived plasma protein that has salutary effects on glucose metabolism and vascular function. However, the functional role of CTRP9 in ischemic heart disease has not been clarified. Here, we examined the regulation of CTRP9 in response to acute cardiac injury and investigated whether CTRP9 modulates cardiac damage after ischemia and reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury resulted in reduced plasma CTRP9 levels and increased plasma free fatty acid levels, which were accompanied by a decrease in CTRP9 expression and an increase in NADPH oxidase component expression in fat tissue. Treatment of cultured adipocytes with palmitic acid or hydrogen peroxide reduced CTRP9 expression. Systemic administration of CTRP9 to wild-type mice, before the induction of ischemia or at the time of reperfusion, led to a reduction in myocardial infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion. Administration of CTRP9 also attenuated myocyte apoptosis in ischemic heart, which was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Treatment of cardiac myocytes with CTRP9 protein reduced apoptosis in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation and stimulated AMPK phosphorylation. Blockade of AMPK activity reversed the suppressive actions of CTRP9 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Knockdown of adiponectin receptor 1 diminished CTRP9-induced increases in AMPK phosphorylation and survival of cardiac myocytes. Our data suggest that CTRP9 protects against acute cardiac injury following ischemia-reperfusion via an AMPK-dependent mechanism.
The effect of annealing on the structure and dielectric properties of Ba<i>x</i>Sr1−<i>x</i>TiO3 ferroelectric thin films (1996)

The effect of a postdeposition anneal on the structure and dielectric properties of epitaxial BaxSr1−xTiO3 (BST) thin films (x=0.35–0.65) have been measured. The films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO3 (001) substrates. The films were single phase and (001) oriented with a lattice parameter larger than the bulk. The dielectric properties of the x=0.35 film exhibited a broad temperature dependence and a peak at 168 K, which is 36 K below the peak observed in bulk BST (x=0.35). Annealing films for 8 h in flowing oxygen at 900 °C caused the lattice parameter to decrease and dielectric properties to become more like the bulk. Annealing also resulted in an increased electric field dependent dielectric tuning without increased dielectric loss.
Eolian Origin of Quartz in Soils of Hawaiian Islands and in Pacific Pelagic Sediments (1969)

The particle-size distribution and oxygen-isotopic composition of quartz isolated from Hawaiian soils, east-central Pacific sediments, and tropospheric dusts are remarkably uniform. A common origin and tropospheric transport from continental land masses is suggested.
A fast handoff scheme for packet data service in the CDMA 2000 system (2002)

This paper proposes a fast handoff scheme for a mobile station using packet data service through the CDMA 2000 network. When a mobile station hands off to a cell in which the Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) is different from that of the previous cell, the CDMA 2000 system performs two stages of handoff in series, a cellular handoff followed by a Mobile IP (MIP) handoff. We propose a fast handoff scheme that reduces signaling latency and user data loss during a handoff. This improvement is achieved by having the source PDSN buffer the user data packets during the handoff procedure and the MIP handoff started concurrently with the cellular. The proposed fast handoff scheme is compatible with the existing protocols, and the two proposed modifications are transparent to mobile stations with the standard Mobile IP and Mobile IP route optimization protocols.
Digital Rights Management (2004)

This research is supported by NSF Grant #SES-0095321. yDepartment of Economics, Yale University, 28 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, dirk.bergemann@yale.edu. zDepartment of Economics, University of Munich, thomas.eisenbach@lrz.uni-muenchen.de. xDepartment of Computer Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, joan.feigenbaum@yale.edu. {Department of Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
Isotope separation by cw infrared laser enhanced reaction (1978)

In laser isotope separation it is widely assumed that the rate of the chemical reaction which involves the laser excited reagents must exceed the interisotope energy transfer rate. This is shown to be an unnecessary constraint on the selection of reactions and experimental conditions. Using deactivation processes to compete with energy transfer between the isotopes, it is shown that isotope selectivity can be preserved even under the difficult conditions of cw single infrared photon excitation. The principle is demonstrated by showing bromine isotope selectivity in the radical chain chlorination of methyl bromide in a low pressure discharge–flow reactor intracavity to a CO2 laser. Thermal, VV, and chemical scrambling effects are shown to be unimportant with proper experimental design. Bromine isotope enrichment is limited to ≲5% by the small vibrational rate enhancement of the near-thermoneutral hydrogen abstraction. The temperature dependence of the enrichment is studied and the difficulty in assigning the increased reactivity to a particular vibrational mode is discussed. The energy cost for this particular isotopic enrichment is calculated (6 keV/product molecule) to demonstrate that although energy is wasted by the deactivation process, the flexibility this technique offers in terms of permitting the use of cw (large throughput) ir (efficient) lasers outweighs the above effect. The use of cw techniques allows changes in reactivity of less than 1% to be readily observed.
Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicines on DNA-Synthesizing Enzyme Activities in Mammary Tumors of Mice (1994)

Sho-saiko-to (SST) and Juzen-taiho-to (JTT), Japanese modified Chinese herbal prescriptions, suppressed the activities of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase involved in de novo and salvage pathways for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, respectively, in mammary tumors of SHN mice with the reduction of serum prolactin level. These results indicate that SST and JTT may have the antitumor effects on mammary tumors.
CMOS Current Reference without Resistance (1996)

A micropower current reference can be built with CMOS transistors only. It shows low sensitivity with respect to technology, supply voltage and temperature, and it works on very low supply voltages. The circuit is very simple and occupies a small surface area.
Vaccination with Live <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> Blood Stage Parasites under Chloroquine Cover Induces Cross-Stage Immunity against Malaria Liver Stage (2008)

Immunity to malaria has long been thought to be stage-specific. In this study we show that immunization of BALB/c mice with live erythrocytes infected with nonlethal strains of Plasmodium yoelii under curative chloroquine cover conferred protection not only against challenge by blood stage parasites but also against sporozoite challenge. This cross-stage protection was dose-dependent and long lasting. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells inhibited malaria liver but not blood stage. Their effect was mediated partially by IFN-gamma, and was completely dependent of NO. Abs against both pre-erythrocytic and blood parasites were elicited and were essential for protection against blood stage and liver stage parasites. Our results suggest that Ags shared by liver and blood stage parasites can be the foundation for a malaria vaccine that would provide effective protection against both pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic asexual parasites found in the mammalian host.
DUAL EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON CELL DEATH IN PRIMARY CULTURE OF HUMAN AND RAT HEPATOCYTES (2004)

Ethanol differentially regulates apoptosis or necrosis in cultured hepatocytes. Although ethanol exerted a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis, low ethanol concentrations were able to reduce basal lipid peroxidation and necrosis in hepatocytes. The highest ethanol concentration (10 mmol/l) induced apoptosis and necrosis in human and rat cultured hepatocytes.
LIPS: Learning based indoor positioning system using mobile phone-based sensors (2016)

In this paper we investigate the problem of localizing a mobile device based on readings from its sensors utilizing machine learning methodologies. We consider a real world environment, collect a dense set of 3110 datapoints, and examine the performance of a substantial number of machine learning algorithms. We found algorithms that have a mean error as accurate as 0.76 meters, outperforming other indoor localization systems. We also propose a hybrid instance-based approach that results in a speed increase by a factor of ten with no loss of accuracy in a live deployment over standard instance based methods. Further, we determine how less dense datasets affect accuracy, important for use in real-world environments. Finally, we demonstrate that these approaches are appropriate for real-world deployment by evaluating their performance in an online, in-motion experiment. The Learning Based Indoor Positioning System (LIPS) Android application source has been made available on the web.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Catalytic Properties, and Theoretical Study of Compounds Containing an Al−O−M (M = Ti, Hf) Core (2007)

Two single oxygen-bridged heterobimetallic oxides of Al(III) with group 4 metals (Ti, Hf) have been prepared. The reaction of LAlMeOH (1) [L = CH(N(Ar)(CMe))2, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3] with dimethylmetallocenes of Ti and Hf in toluene (80 degrees C) and ether (room temperature), respectively, resulted in the formation of LAl(Me)(mu-O)M(Me)Cp2 [M = Ti (2), Hf (3)] in moderate to good yield. Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR (1H and 13C), EI-MS, and single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. Furthermore, compound 2 showed good catalytic activity in ethylene and styrene homopolymerization, while compound 3 is less active in ethylene polymerization. The styrene polymerization yields atactic polystyrene.
Monitoring PMMA Elimination by Reactive Ion Etching from a Lamellar PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA Thin Film by <i>ex Situ</i> TEM Methods (2010)

Block copolymer thin films require selective elimination of one of their constituent blocks to access their potential as lithographic nanopatterns. This paper demonstrates an on-substrate TEM-based approach for establishing the removal of poly(methyl methyacrylate) from vertically oriented lamellar polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) thin films and subsequent transfer to the underlying silicon by reactive ion etching. The ex situ microscopy technique presents an insight into the removal of PMMA, the etch end point, PS faceting, etch anisotropy, and residual PS thickness.
A Distributed Power Allocation Algorithm with Inter-Cell Interference Coordination for Multi-Cell OFDMA Systems (2009)

Inter-cell interference is a serious problem in multicell OFDMA systems. In this paper, an iterative interference price based power allocation algorithm with inter-cell interference coordination is proposed for downlink multi-cell OFDMA systems. In the algorithm, each base station announces a price for interference and performs power allocation based on the price information received from other base stations with the objective of maximizing the net utility of the local cell. Through price information updating and transmit power reallocation in every iteration, the algorithm can intelligently coordinate the inter-cell interference in the system. Besides, the algorithm can be implemented distributedly with price information shared among neighboring cells. Considering the heavy feedback overhead from the users to the base stations, a simplified algorithm which considers only the major interference is also proposed. Simulation results show that when the inter-cell interference is serious, the proposed algorithms can effectively increase the transmission rate compared with iterative water-filling.
Wind Power (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Power in the Wind Power in a Wind Turbine Power Control Methods Simple Wind Power Systems Advanced Wind Power Systems
Alternating Copolymers: Maleic Anhydride with Cyclic Olefins. Influence of the Cyclic Olefin on the Copolymerization Process and Properties of the Copolymers (1996)

Abstract Maleic anhydride has been copolymerized with various cyclic olefins such as cyclohexene, cyclooctene, cyclododecene, norbornene, indene and thiophene. The resulting copolymers are alternating and the mechanism of the reaction can be explained by a charge-transfer complex. The influence of the starting cyclic olefin has been studied, and showing that the rate of the reaction largely depends on the nature of the olefin.
High-Frequency Electronics for Contactless Dielectrophoresis (2010)

The field of sample enrichment is currently receiving a large amount of attention because it is essential to reduce the time required for many laboratory processes. Dielectrophoresis, or the motion of a polarized particle in the presence of a non-uniform electric field, has emerged as a promising method for biological sample concentration. By relying upon electrical properties that are intrinsic to a cell or microparticle, dielectrophoretic concentration avoids the need for sample preparation procedures which can greatly reduce the throughput of a system. Contactless Dielectrophoresis (cDEP) is a promising manifestation of dielectrophoresis in which the electrode structures that provide the non-uniform electric field are physically separated from the sample by a thin dielectric barrier. This work presents two methods for providing the high-voltage and high-frequency signal necessary to generate a non-uniform electric field in the sample channel of a cDEP device. The first method, an oscillator-based system, was able to produce DEP trapping and pearl-chaining of THP-1 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a cDEP device. The second method presented here utilizes an amplifier and transformer combination to generate very high voltages over a wide range of frequencies. Finally, electrorotation, or the spin imparted to a particle due to a rotating electric field has proven to be an extremely useful analysis of a cell's dielectric properties. A wideband, computer controlled function generator, outputting four sinusoidal waveforms in quadrature is presented. This device was able to produce outputs with the proper alignment over the range of 10 Hz to 100MHz.
Phase II pharmacodynamic study of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor Val-boro-Pro in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (2006)

3594 Background: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is selectively expressed by carcinoma stromal fibroblasts, but not by epithelial carcinoma cells, normal fibroblasts, or other normal tissues. FAP potentiates tumor growth in a murine model of human epithelial cancers. Val-boro-Pro, a boronic acid inhibitor of FAP protease activity, attenuates tumor growth in a mouse colorectal cancer model characterized by FAP expression by tumor-associated fibroblasts. We therefore initiated this first clinical trial of Val-boro-Pro in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Patients (pts) with previously treated, measurable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) were initially treated with 400 μg of Val-boro-Pro orally twice daily continuously. Due to unacceptable toxicities in the first 3 patients (including 1 grade 5 renal failure), the starting dose was reduced to 200 μg orally twice daily, with intrapatient dose escalation to 300 μg bid permitted after 4 weeks. The primary endpoint is response rate, with secondary endpoints including time to progression, and in vivo laboratory correlates of FAP inhibitory activity. Results: 20 patients (12 women, 8 men) with ECOG performance status 0–1 have been treated at 200 μg orally twice daily. The median age is 58 (range 41–80). At 200 μg bid, grade 1–2 adverse events include fatigue (12 pts), anorexia (7 pts), edema (7 pts), and fever (5 pts). The most common laboratory abnormalities are grade 1–2 anemia (7 pts), elevated alkaline phosphatase (4 pts), and hypoalbuminemia (3 pts). Grade 3–4 events are elevated alkaline phosphatase (1 pt, grade 3) and headache/syncope (1 pt, grade 3). Analyses of the first 9 patient plasma samples demonstrate a 92% (S.D. 2%) inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase activity, and 22% increase in the FAP substrate α 2 -antiplasmin. Conclusions: Val-boro-Pro 200 μg orally bid is biologically active and well-tolerated, with toxicities likely related to cytokine upregulation. A planned interim analysis for clinical response will be conducted after treatment of 23 evaluable patients. The selectivity of FAP expression for tumor fibroblasts provides a unique opportunity to investigate and manipulate stromal contributions to tumor growth and invasion. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Wavelets and the Lifting Scheme: A 5 Minute Tour (1996)

In this paper, we give a brief introductory tour to the lifting scheme, an new method to construct wavelets. We show its advantages over classical constructions and give pointers to the literature.
Blind deconvolution of multivariate signals: A deflation approach (2002)

It is well established that the blind deconvolution problem makes sense as soon as y (or, equivalently, w) is non Gaussian. A previously adaptive blind deconvolution problem is discussed in the case where the observation y is a p-variate signal given by a particular function where the impulse responses (h/sub k/)/sub k/ /sub =/ /sub 1,p/ are unknown p /spl times/ 1 transfer functions, and where the excitations (w/sub k/)/sub k/ /sub =/ /sub 1,p/ to be reconstructed are statistically independent non-Gaussian centered i.i.d. sequences of variance 1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adsorption of Organophosphates into Microporous and Mesoporous NaX Zeolites and Subsequent Chemistry (2011)

Due to the neurotoxicity of organophosphate (OP) pesticides and nerve agents synthesized as military or terror agents, their safe destruction and disposal is of considerable current importance. A representative OP, trimethyl phosphate (TMP), was adsorbed onto NaX zeolite, two mesoporous modifications, and a low-silica X zeolite. The nucleophilic chemical reactions of TMP with the zeolites were investigated by solid-state 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the solvent extracts by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR. Nucleophilic substitution and subsequent hydrolysis reaction schemes are proposed. All of the zeolites have similar TMP decomposition yields, supporting the hypothesis that slow or incomplete diffusion of TMP in the microporous zeolite regions limits TMP decomposition.
Pinning and de-pinning phenomena in front propagation in heterogeneous media (2006)

This paper investigates the pinning and de-pinning phenomena of some evolutionary partial differential equations which arise in the modelling of the propagation of phase boundaries in materials under the combined effects of an external driving force F and an underlying heterogeneous environment. The phenomenology is the existence of pinning states – stationary solutions – for small values of F, and the appearance of genuine motion when F is above some threshold value. In the case of a periodic medium, we characterise quantitatively, near the transition regime, the scaling behaviour of the interface velocity as a function of F . The results are proved for a class of some semi-linear and reaction-diffusion equations.