gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic pyrolysis of pinewood using metal oxide catalysts in an integrated reactor system (2016)

Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a technology that has been widely explored in the past decade for direct conversion of solid biomass to partially upgraded bio-oil containing hydrocarbons. Zeolites, both unpromoted and promoted with metal ions, have been the most widely studied catalysts. As the yield and composition of the bio-oils from catalytic pyrolysis are a function of the catalyst employed, exploring catalyst compositions other than zeolites is necessary. Our study explored metal oxide catalysts, including sulfated zirconia, tungstated zirconia, zirconia-titania and titania (anatase and rutile), for catalyzing pinewood pyrolysis vapors; pyrolysis was carried out at 450 °C, while the catalysis was performed at 425 °C, at a weight hourly space velocity of 14 h−1. The liquid, solid (char) and gas yields varied from 36.3 to 45.2%, 15.6 to 17% and 44.3 to 37.7%, respectively. The characterization of the catalyzed bio-oils showed that the most effective, among the tested catalysts, for catalyzing the pinewood pyrolysis vapors to produce partially deoxygenated bio-oils was sulfated zirconia catalyst with bio-oil yields of 39.5%. Sulfated zirconia catalyzed bio-oil possessed 33% lower oxygen content, 56% higher heating value (HHV), and 51% lower acid value compared to uncatalyzed bio-oil. Titania catalysts favored higher bio-oil yields, with titania-rutile and titania-anatase resulting in 43% and 45% bio-oil yield, respectively.
A novel role of myeloid related protein in dendritic cell differentiation (49.11) (2007)

Abstract Abnormal differentiation of dendritic cell (DC) is a critical factor contributing into ineffective immune response in cancer. We have searched for the genes that could be involved into tumor-induced defects in DC differentiation and found that tumor-derived factors consistently up-regulated expression of myeloid related protein 14 (MRP14) and its partner MRP8 in hematopoietic progenitor and myeloid cells during DC differentiation. Normal DC differentiation was associated with dramatic down-regulation of MRP14/8, whereas accumulation of immature myeloid cells was associated with persistently high levels of these proteins. Overexpression of these proteins in embryonic stem cells resulted in inhibition of DC differentiation and accumulation of immature myeloid cells able to form myeloid colonies. It is known that Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) frequently accumulate in tumor-bearing mice and during in vitro DC differentiation in the presence of tumor-derived factors. We have found that in tumor-bearing mice MRP14/8 were exclusively accumulated in MDSC. Accumulation of these proteins was controlled by up-regulation of STAT3. MRP14/8 knockout mice had normal level of DCs or MDSC suggesting that MRP proteins were not required for accumulation of MDSC in cancer. Thus, this study demonstrates that tumor-induced up-regulation of MRPs inhibits DC differentiation, which may suggest a novel molecular mechanism of tumor-induced abnormalities in myeloid cells in cancer.
FLASH radiotherapy: Newsflash or flash in the pan? (2019)

Dr. Maxim is a founder of TibaRay, Inc. Dr. Keall has no relevant conflict of interest.
A New Pheromone Race of Acrobasis nuxvorella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (2008)

Journal Article A New Pheromone Race of Acrobasis nuxvorella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Get access Marvin K. Harris, Marvin K. Harris 1 1Corresponding author: Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475 (e-mail: mharris@ag.tamu.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. A. Agustin Fu, A. A. Agustin Fu 2INIFAP, Km. 12.6 Carret. Bahía Kino, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Humberto Nunez, Humberto Nunez 2INIFAP, Km. 12.6 Carret. Bahía Kino, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Enrique Aranda-Herrera, Enrique Aranda-Herrera 3Depto. Agronomía e Ing. Agrícola, ITESM, Monterrey N. L., Mexico, C.P. 64850. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jardel A. Moreira, Jardel A. Moreira 4Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Steven McElfresh, J. Steven McElfresh 4Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jocelyn G. Millar Jocelyn G. Millar 4Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 101, Issue 3, 1 June 2008, Pages 769–776, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/101.3.769 Published: 01 June 2008 Article history Received: 28 September 2007 Accepted: 10 February 2008 Published: 01 June 2008
The Cassowary Linear Arithmetic Constraint Solving Algorithm: Interface and Implementation (1999)

Linear equality and inequality constraints arise naturally in specifying many aspects of user interfaces, such as requiring that one window be to the left of another, requiring that a pane occupy the leftmost 1/3 of a window, or preferring that an object be contained within a rectangle if possible. Current constraint solvers designed for UI applications cannot e#ciently handle simultaneous linear equations and inequalities. This is a major limitation. We describe Cassowary---an incremental algorithm based on the dual simplex method that can solve such systems of constraints e#ciently. This informal technical report describes the latest version of the Cassowary algorithm. It is derived from the paper &quot;Solving Linear Arithmetic Constraints for User Interface Applications&quot; by Alan Borning, Kim Marriott, Peter Stuckey, and Yi Xiao [7], published in the UIST&apos;97 Proceedings. The UIST paper also contains a description of QOCA, a closely related solver that finds least-squares solutions to lin...
International humanitarian enquiry commission on displaced persons in Afghanistan (1986)

(1986). International humanitarian enquiry commission on displaced persons in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 65-100.
A Medium for, Initial Visual Demonstration of Production of Coagulase and Fermentation of Mannitol by Pathogenic Staphylococci (1959)

A Medium for, Initial Visual Demonstration of Production of Coagulase and Fermentation of Mannitol by Pathogenic Staphylococci Get access Ragheb J. Esber, Ragheb J. Esber 1Laboratory Service, Leigh Memorial Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert J. Faulconer, M.D. Robert J. Faulconer, M.D. 1Laboratory Service, Leigh Memorial Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 32, Issue 2_ts, August 1959, Pages 192–194, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/32.2_ts.192 Published: 01 August 1959 Article history Accepted: 12 March 1959 Received: 08 April 1959 Published: 01 August 1959
Vessel identification and monitoring systems for maritime security (2004)

Maritime security has become major concerns of all coastal states, and the fundamental requirement is "maritime domain awareness" via identification, tracking and monitoring of vessels within their waters. We first identify candidate technologies and systems for different types of vessels. These systems have been designed and provided with regulatory framework for other reasons such as sustainable fishery, search and rescue, environmental protection, navigational safety, etc. We then present the results of a feasibility study on the application and integration of the technologies and facilities of these systems for maritime security. The technologies such as automatic identification systems (AIS), Inmarsat-C, and digital selective calling (DSC) and GSM are investigated with regard to the propagation/coverage, cost, reliability, etc. based on sea trials and field tests of prototype subsystems. Finally, we propose an integrated vessel identification and monitoring system and present a prototype system to demonstrate the display and fusion of targets from various sources including radar surveillance.
Drug Evolution Concept in Drug Design:  1. Hybridization Method (2004)

A novel concept, "drug evolution", is proposed to develop chemical libraries that have a high probability of finding drugs or drug candidates. It converts biological evolution into chemical evolution. In this paper, we present "hybridization" drug evolution, which is the equivalent of sexual recombination of parental genomes in biological evolution. The hybridization essentially shuffles the building blocks of the parent drugs and ought to drug(s); no drug evolution can otherwise occur. We hybridized two drugs, benzocaine and metoclopramide and generated 16 molecules that include the parent drugs, four known drugs, and two molecules whose therapeutic activities are reported. The unusually high number of drugs and drug candidates in the library encourages high expectations of finding new drug(s) or drug candidate(s) within the remaining eight compounds. Interestingly, the therapeutic applications of the eight drugs or drug candidates in the library are fairly diverse as 38 therapeutic applications and 25 molecular targets are counted. Therefore, the library fits as a general chemical library for unspecified therapeutic activities. The hybridization of other two drugs, aspirin and cresotamide, is also described to demonstrate the generality of the method.
2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, an oligodendrocyte-Schwann cell and myelin-associated enzyme of the nervous system. (1989)

2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (E.C. 3.1.4.37; CNPase) is a myelin-associated enzyme. In central and peripheral nervous system tissues, the enzyme is localized almost exclusively in the two cell types that elaborate myelin, the oligodendrocyte and the Schwann cell, respectively. Nonneural sources of CNPase have also been described, but they all have much lower activities than those found in brain. The freshly isolated brain enzymes appear as closely spaced doublets at approximately 46 and 48 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The primary sequence appears highly conserved between these two proteins, designated CNP1 and CNP2. Major structural differences between these two proteins are most likely due to posttranslational modifications of the enzyme itself (certainly phosphorylation, possibly others) or to alternative splicing. The primary sequences of rat and bovine brain CNPase have now been deduced from the cDNA sequences and the enzymes appear to be unique. Current research suggests that CNPase is involved in the very rapid growth of myelin membrane during early oligodendrocyte membrane biogenesis and possibly maintenance. The absolute hydrolysis specificity, yielding 2'-mononucleotides from 2',3'-cyclic substrates, strongly suggests that CNPase is a nucleic acid enzyme, possibly related to RNA metabolism.
A subpopulation of cultured human keratinocytes which is resistant to the induction of terminal differentiation-related changes by phorbol, 12-myristate, 13-acetate: evidence for an increase in the resistant population following transformation (1983)

We have studied the action of phorbol, 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA) on human keratinocytes grown with lethally-irradiated 3T3 cells using medium supplemented with hydrocortisone, cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor. Normal keratinocyte cultures show a heterogeneous response to PMA; 90-93% of the colony-forming cells lose their colony-forming ability and form cornified envelopes when treated for 24 h with doses of 100 nM or less, but the remainder are resistant to doses of 1000 nM. The resistant cells are the precursors of the sensitive ones and heterogeneity is restored to those cells and their progeny after 8 days culture in the absence of PMA. Cultures of 3 squamous cell carcinoma lines, a SV40-transformed human keratinocyte line, and three clones of these lines were found to contain 3-17 times more PMA-resistant keratinocytes than the normal strains, and the size of the PMA-resistant fraction in each line was inversely related to the competence of that line to lose colony-forming efficiency when placed in suspension culture (which is the first detectable change in an ordered programme of events resembling terminal differentiation of the keratinocyte). The number of cells with cornified envelopes in surface cultures of normal human keratinocytes increased from approximately 3% in control cultures to approximately 70% in those treated for 6 days with 100 nM PMA. The transformed human keratinocyte cultures showed a 3-25-fold smaller increase in cornified envelope formation when treated with 100 nM PMA, and the increase in envelope formation by each line when exposed to this dose of PMA was related to the competence of that line to lose cloning efficiency in suspension culture. No relationship was found between the ability of any human keratinocyte strain or line we studied to metabolically inactivate PMA and their resulting response to the compound. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of PMA as a promoter of epidermal carcinogenesis.
Increase in 3-deoxyglucosone levels in diabetic rat plasma. Specific in vivo determination of intermediate in advanced Maillard reaction. (1994)

A specific assay of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) was developed in our laboratory to help elucidate the relationship between advanced Maillard reaction and diabetic complications. 3-DG is known as a highly reactive intermediate of the reaction in vitro and a precursor of advanced glycosylation end products such as pyrraline and pentosidine, which have been previously detected in vivo. 3-DG was converted to a stable compound, 2-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl)-benzo[g]quinoxaline, by reacting with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene. Since the derivative had a characteristic UV spectrum, it was determined at 268 nm by high performance liquid chromatography. This method was sensitive enough to detect 10 ng/ml (61.7 nM) of 3-DG in vitro. A slight modification to this method allowed in vivo detection of small amounts of 3-DG. Plasma free 3-DG levels were significantly higher in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats compared with controls (918 +/- 134 nM versus 379 +/- 69 nM, p < 0.001) and were suppressed with the administration of aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of Maillard reaction. Plasma pyrraline levels in diabetic rats also increased in parallel with elevated 3-DG levels but were only marginally suppressed by administration of aminoguanidine. Our results indicate that 3-DG is present in vivo under normal conditions and that its level increases in diabetic subjects. Determination of 3-DG represents a good tool to predict development and progression of diabetic complications and to assess the efficiency of inhibitors to Maillard reaction.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Single Crystalline β ‐ SiC Films on Silicon Substrate with Sputtered SiC Intermediate Layer (1980)

A single crystal of was grown by chemical vapor deposition using an system on a silicon substrate with a sputtered layer. The grown layer of 4 μm thickness was confirmed as a single crystal by examination with reflection electron diffraction and x‐ray diffraction. To reduce the large mismatch between and a silicon substrate, a sputtered layer was employed as a buffer layer. Even though the sputtered layer was polycrystalline, the subsequent layer deposited by CVD was a single crystal. The crystallinity of the deposited layer was strongly affected by the thickness of the sputtered layer, the substrate temperature during sputtering, and the temperature of chemical vapor deposition.
Desdolarización del crédito: todos ganan (2015)

Enfatiza el riesgo cambiario presente en las deudas en dólares y explica las medidas que el Banco Central de Reserva del Perú ha adoptado para desincentivar los créditos en moneda extranjera.
Multiple phase-shift superstructure fibre Bragggrating forDWDM systems (2001)

A novel technique for fabricating densely spaced superstructure fibre Bragg gratings (SSFBGs) by introducing multiple phase shifts (MPSs) is proposed and demonstrated. This technique can realise the same bandwidth and density as conventional SSFBGs with much shorter length, and can use the fibre and phase mask efficiently. An MPS-SSFBG having double channel density and triple channel density has been successfully fabricated.
All-Weather Transport Essentials (2012)

Since the original design of TCP and UDP, the world has changed, and with it, the Internet. Here, the authors argue that transport protocol architectures, most notably TCP's, must be updated to meet the needs of today's Internet. Their optimistic approach favors normal operation at the expense of overhead when dealing with corner cases and advocates leaving certain policies to the application instead of the transport protocol.
The determination of the formula of carbon dioxide (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe determination of the formula of carbon dioxideW. L. Evans , J. B. Peterson , H. B. Hass , G. P. Hoff , and J. E. Day Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1925, 2, 10, 932Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1925Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1925Published inissue 1 October 1925https://doi.org/10.1021/ed002p932RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Coupled nonlinear dynamical systems: asymptotic behavior and uncertainty propagation (2004)

We discuss asymptotic behavior and uncertainty propagation in nonlinear dynamical systems on graphs. We utilize digraph decomposition theory of the system employed here in its Markov chain theory realization, to prove several results on asymptotic dynamics of large systems that depend only on their structural properties. We discuss disturbance propagation in such systems and show that it depends on the node distance in the associated graph. We use the framework to refine the recent symmetry grupoid theory of interconnected dynamical systems.
Spectacular Increases in Crop Yields in the United States in the Twentieth Century (1998)

About 15 years ago, I heard several speakers saying that our crop yields were “leveling off.” This stimulated me to assemble data on the subject. The result is shown in Table 1, which gives the U.S. average yields for 10-yr periods during this century for nine crops. The increases are spectacular, varying from two- to sevenfold. Factors contributing to these increases differ from crop to crop. To obtain information on this subject, several experts on each crop were consulted, and their conclusions are summarized in the following text. Only those factors contributing to increased yields are covered. However, great improvements in efficiency of production, product quality, and reduction in soil erosion also have occurred as cultivars and production practices have changed. For most of the crops, increases in yields started in the 1940s and have increased dramatically during the rest of the century. We have not attempted to predict the future at this time, but the rate at which yields are increasing does not appear to be slowing.
Design of a platinum–acridine–endoxifen conjugate targeted at hormone-dependent breast cancer (2013)

The synthesis of a novel pharmacophore comprising a DNA-targeted platinum-acridine hybrid agent and estrogen receptor-targeted 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen (endoxifen) using carbamate coupling chemistry and its evaluation in breast cancer cell lines are described.
Temperature variation of the H0 acidity function in aqueous sulfuric acid solution (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemperature variation of the H0 acidity function in aqueous sulfuric acid solutionColin Douglas Johnson, A. R. Katritzky, and S. A. ShapiroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 24, 6654–6662Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01052a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01052a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biointerfaces on Indium–Tin Oxide Prepared from Organophosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers (2014)

Herein we show the development of biointerfaces on indium-tin oxide (ITO) surfaces prepared from organophosphonate self-assembled monolayers. The interfaces were prepared in a stepwise fabrication procedure containing a base monolayer modified with oligo(ethylene oxide) species to which biological recognition ligands were attached. The density of ligands was controlled by varying the ratio of two oligo(ethylene oxide) species such that only one is compatible with further coupling. The final biointerface on ITO was assessed using cell adhesion studies, which showed that the biointerfaces prepared on ITO performed similarly to equivalent monolayers on gold or silicon.