gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standardization status of 360 degree video coding and delivery (2017)

The emergence of consumer level capturing and display devices for 360 degree video creates new and promising segments in entertainment, education, professional training, and other markets. In order to avoid market fragmentation and ensure interoperability of 360 degree video ecosystems, industry and academia cooperate in standardization efforts in this field. In the video coding domain, 360 degree video invalidates many established procedures, e.g., concerning evaluation of the visual quality, while the specific content characteristics offer potential for higher compression efficiency beyond the current standards. Likewise, 360 degree video puts stricter demands on the system level aspects of transmission but may also offer the potential to enhance existing transport schemes. The Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) as well as the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) already started investigations into 360 degree video coding while numerous activities in the Systems subgroup of the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) started to investigate application requirements and delivery aspects of 360 degree video. This paper reports on the current status of the outlined standardization efforts.
High-cycle fatigue of single-crystal silicon thin films (2001)

When subjected to alternating stresses, most materials degrade, e.g., suffer premature failure, due to a phenomenon known as fatigue. It is generally accepted that in brittle materials, such as ceramics, fatigue can only take place in toughened solids, i.e., premature fatigue failure would not be expected in materials such as single crystal silicon. The results of this study, however, appear to be at odds with the current understanding of brittle material fatigue. Twelve thin-film (/spl sim/20 /spl mu/m thick) single crystal silicon specimens were tested to failure in a controlled air environment (30/spl plusmn/0.1/spl deg/C, 50/spl plusmn/2% relative humidity). Damage accumulation and failure of the notched cantilever beams were monitored electrically during the "fatigue life" test. Specimen lives ranged from about 10 s to 48 days, or 1/spl times/106 to 1/spl times/1011 cycles before failure over stress amplitudes ranging from approximately 4 to 10 GPa. A variety of mechanisms are discussed in light of the fatigue life data and fracture surface evaluation.
Sonographic Findings of Ascaris lumbricoides in the Gastrointestinal and Biliary Tracts (2009)

Ascaris lumbricoides in the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts has various features. Sonographic examination in the diagnosis of ascaridiasis has a high value.
Simulative Prediction of the Interference Potential Between Radars in Common Road Scenarios (2015)

This paper provides qualitative and quantitative values for the received interference power at the antenna ports of automotive radars as well as the probability of their occurrence for actual and future, not yet measurable traffic scenarios on main roads. The influence of the environment, the road traffic behavior, and the radar penetration rate for a defined antenna configuration can be observed. The basis for the analyses are ray-tracing based simulations in order to achieve adequate predictions for the received power levels due to multipaths. The results show that for a radar penetration rate of 100%, the difference between the strongest overall incoherent received interference power level and the level that is received in 90% of the time is up to 7 dB, dependent on the antenna placement and the environment.
Hybrid WDM-CDM-PON for Ultra Long Reach Access Network (2006)

Next generation long reach hybrid WDM-CDM-PON based on Code Division Multiplexing presented here. We describe system configuration, key merits such as bidirectional transmission (on same wavelength), extend the reach by coding gain and simplified network solution. We show initial experimental results over 100km bidirectional, multi-channels CWDM transmission without an optical amplifier.
Fuel penalties and time flexibility of 4D flight profiles under mismodeled wind conditions (1987)

A parametric sensitivity study was conducted to evaluate time flexibility and fuel penalties associated with 4D operations in the presence of mismodeled wind. The final cruise and descent segments of a flight in an advanced time-metered air traffic control environment were considered. Optimal performance of a B-737-100 airplane in known, constant winds was determined. Performance in mismodeled wind was obtained by tracking no-wind reference profiles in the presence of actual winds. The results of the analysis are presented in terms of loss of time flexibility and fuel penalties compared to the optimum performance in modeled winds.
Phase Equilibrium in 1-Butene–Water System and Correlation of Hydrocarbon-Water Solubility Data (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase Equilibrium in 1-Butene–Water System and Correlation of Hydrocarbon-Water Solubility DataThomas W. Leland, John J. McKetta, and Kenneth A. KobeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 6, 1265–1271Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50546a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50546a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Bmp-4 acts as a morphogen in dorsoventral mesoderm patterning in <i>Xenopus</i> (1997)

The marginal zone is a ring of tissue that gives rise to a characteristic dorsoventral pattern of mesoderm in amphibian embryos. Bmp-4 is thought to play an important role in specifying ventral mesodermal fate. Here we show (1) that different doses of Bmp-4 are sufficient to pattern four distinct mesodermal cell types and to pattern gene expression in the early gastrula marginal zone into three domains, (2) that there is a graded requirement for a Bmp signal in mesodermal patterning, and (3) that Bmp-4 has long-range activity which can become graded in the marginal zone by the antagonizing action of noggin. The results argue that Bmp-4 acts as a morphogen in dorsoventral patterning of mesoderm.
Geochemical expressions of late- and post-glacial land–sea interactions in the southern Baltic Sea (2024)

The coastal region of the southern Baltic Sea has been extremely sensitive to sea-level changes during the Quaternary. The present environment is comprised of coastal lagoons and is characterized by Pleistocene islands connected by Holocene barrier islands. To determine the effects of late- and post-glacial coastal development on the lagoon sediments, 13 sediment cores from 6 lagoons were investigated. Organic carbon to nitrogen (Corg/N), and organic carbon to sulfur ratios (Corg/S), [delta]13C, [delta]15N, organic carbon, biogenic opal and calcium carbonate values were measured and linked to the late- and post-glacial biostratigraphy of the sediments. Although, with the exception of the Oder lagoon, the lagoons show similarities in their paleoenvironments derived from the Corg/S ratios in the sediment, it is possible to derive the influence of the Baltic Sea waters. Corg/N ratios, [delta]13C, [delta]15N, organic carbon, biogenic opal and calcium carbonate values all reflect changes in productivity over time and influence of river input, transgression and erosion. The results were used to derive the effects of sea-level changes, coastal development and related changes in hydrography and accompanying accumulation processes at the bottom of the lagoons. The results of this study show that, depending on its position to the Baltic Sea, each lagoon responded differently to sea-level changes that occurred during the development of the Baltic Sea and to regional coastal development.
High expression of microRNA-15b predicts a low risk of tumor recurrence following curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) have recently been implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well known for frequent relapses following curative resection. We attempted to identify the miRNAs associated with HCC recurrence. We analyzed miRNA expression profiles in 25 pairs of HCC and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues from HCC patients using miRNA microarray. Out of 449 miRNAs assayed, we identified seven miRNAs associated with HCC recurrence. In particular, the highest ranked miR-15b was negatively correlated with recurrence. MiR-15b inhibitor transfection increased HCC cell proliferation and inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis, while miR-15b precursor transfection decreased proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Bcl-w was identified as a target molecule regulated by miR-15b. These results indicate that miR-15b expression in HCC tissues may predict a low risk of HCC recurrence. In addition, the modulation of miR-15b expression may be useful as an apoptosis-sensitizing strategy for HCC treatment.
Plant pigments and their manipulation. (2004)

1. An introduction to plant pigments in biology and commerce. Kevin M. Davies, Crop & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2. Chlorophylls. Robert D. Willows, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia. 3. Carotenoids. Abby Cuttriss and Barry Pogson, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. 4. Flavonoids. Kathy E. Schwinn and Kevin M. Davies, Crop & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 5. Condensed tannins. Greg Tanner, CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia. 6. Betalains. Jean-Pierre Zryd and Laurent Christinet, Laboratory of Plant Cell Genetics, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. 7. Important rare pigments. Kevin M. Davies, Crop & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 8. Plant pigments and human health. Mary Ann Lila, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA. 9. Plant pigments and protection against UV-B radiation. Brian R. Jordan, Soil, Plant & Ecological Sciences Division, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. 10. Techniques of pigment identification. Oyvind M. Andersen and George W. Francis, Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway. References. Index
cMonkey<sub>2</sub>: Automated, systematic, integrated detection of co-regulated gene modules for any organism (2015)

The cMonkey integrated biclustering algorithm identifies conditionally co-regulated modules of genes (biclusters). cMonkey integrates various orthogonal pieces of information which support evidence of gene co-regulation, and optimizes biclusters to be supported simultaneously by one or more of these prior constraints. The algorithm served as the cornerstone for constructing the first global, predictive Environmental Gene Regulatory Influence Network (EGRIN) model for a free-living cell, and has now been applied to many more organisms. However, due to its computational inefficiencies, long run-time and complexity of various input data types, cMonkey was not readily usable by the wider community. To address these primary concerns, we have significantly updated the cMonkey algorithm and refactored its implementation, improving its usability and extendibility. These improvements provide a fully functioning and user-friendly platform for building co-regulated gene modules and the tools necessary for their exploration and interpretation. We show, via three separate analyses of data for E. coli, M. tuberculosis and H. sapiens, that the updated algorithm and inclusion of novel scoring functions for new data types (e.g. ChIP-seq and transcription factor over-expression [TFOE]) improve discovery of biologically informative co-regulated modules. The complete cMonkey2 software package, including source code, is available at https://github.com/baliga-lab/cmonkey2.
<title>Optics for vector scanning</title> (1991)

Vector scanning of laser beams is critical to the success of stereolithography, laser marking, CAD-output-to-microfilm and many other industrial applications. The design of a vector scan lens system can assume many different configurations. This paper will discuss pre-objective, and post-objective alternatives for two and three axis scanning. Various parameters required for system specification are reviewed and the basic configuration of the two axis scan head is presented. The pre-objective scan f-theta lens, its scan distortion, telecentric options, and single origin scan systems are described. Fixed focus and dynamic focus post-objective systems are presented discussing the relative merits of each approach and noting the limitations of each design solution. Data presented describe limiting field sizes for fixed focus systems, and limiting f-numbers for thin lens systems. Thin lens design equations for three post-objective configurations are presented with suggested optimization techniques for overall system layout. Examples of pre-objective and post-objective scan lens systems as well as pre- configured systems are presented.
Mortality and Cancer Incidence in 263 Patients With Ataxia-Telangiectasia<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref> (1986)

Mortality and cancer incidence were measured retrospectively in 263 ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) homozygotes. For white and black A-T patients, respectively, all-cause mortality was 50 and 147 times higher than expected based on U.S. mortality rates. There were 52 primary cancers, representing a 61-fold cancer excess for white probands and a 184-fold excess for black probands. The cancer excess was most pronounced for lymphoma, with 252- and 750-fold excesses observed for whites and blacks, respectively. All the age-specific mortality and cancer incidence rates for blacks exceeded those for whites, and overall mortality was 3.0 times higher for black probands than for whites (P less than .001), whereas cancer incidence was 2.2 times higher (P less than .06). Among the white A-T patients, 36% of those who had died had lived at least until 20 years of age, and 33% of those still living were at least 20 years old.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Nucleation (1950)

Consider a phase transition α⇄β. Stable β-embryos can be retained in the temperature range of α-stability in cavities of suitable extraneous solids present in the system. Retained β-embryos may nucleate the α→β-transformation in the range of β-stability. Using these concepts a theory for the effect of thermal history upon the kinetics of phase transformations is proposed. The kinetics of heterogeneous nucleation in the absence of retained embryos is discussed.
Critical Notes on the <i>Republic</i> of Plato (1893)

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Atomic and molecular layer deposition: off the beaten track (2016)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a gas-phase deposition technique that, by relying on self-terminating surface chemistry, enables the control of the amount of deposited material down to the atomic level. While mostly used in semiconductor technology for the deposition of ceramic oxides and nitrides on wafers, ALD lends itself to the deposition of a wealth of materials on virtually every substrate. In particular, ALD and its organic counterpart molecular layer deposition (MLD), have opened up attractive avenues for the synthesis of novel nanostructured materials. However, as most ALD processes were developed and optimized for semiconductor technology, these might not be optimal for applications in fields such as catalysis, energy storage, and health. For this reason, novel applications for ALD often require new surface chemistries, process conditions, and reactor types. As a result, recent developments in ALD technology have marked a considerable departure from the standard set by well-established ALD processes. The aim of this review is twofold: firstly, to capture the recent departure of ALD from its original development; and secondly, to pinpoint the unexplored paths through which ALD can advance further in terms of synthesis of novel materials. To that end, we provide a review of the recent developments of ALD and MLD of materials that are gaining increasing attention on various substrates, with particular emphasis on high-surface-area substrates. Furthermore, we present a critical review of the effects of the process conditions, namely, temperature, pressure, and time on ALD growth. Finally, we also give a brief overview of the recent advances in ALD reactors and energy-enhanced ALD processes.
Integrated-Circuit Stereo Decoder Does Everything (1971)

The demodulation of FM stereo broadcast information may be accomplished very simply by use of no more than three transistors, four to six diodes, and two small transformers as major system components. All of these components may be very inexpensive with minimal specifications. However, accurate demodulation of FM stereo broadcast information, particularly when the signal to noise ratio of the incoming signal is poor and when the performance must be achieved over a wide ambient temperature range such as, for example, in the automobile radio, is an entirely different matter.
In Vivo Measurements of Lumbar Segmental Motion During Axial Rotation in Asymptomatic and Chronic Low Back Pain Male Subjects (2007)

In Brief Study Design. Twenty male volunteers in their 30s (10 asymptomatic and 10 chronic low back pain) were passively rotated and CT scanned to determine lumbar segmental motion. Objectives. To determine the feasibility of measuring 3-dimensional segmental motion in vivo in pain subjects. Summary of Background Data. Axial rotational spinal instability has been implicated as a potential cause of low back pain. Previous studies have not compared 3-dimensional segmental motions between healthy and symptomatic subjects due to torsion. Methods. Lumbar segmental motions were calculated using volume merge method in 3 major planes from 3-dimensional CT reconstructions. Disc degeneration grade was analyzed from MRI using the Thompson's grading method. Results. All subjects could perform the imaging study without significant increase in pain. No differences were seen in disc degeneration grade or segmental motions between the 2 groups. Segmental motion differences were seen in torsion, lateral bending, and frontal translation based on spinal level. Conclusions. Current noninvasive CT-based method is feasible for use in healthy and low back pain subjects. Measured segmental motions were similar to other studies in torsion; however, other motions have not been measured previously. Spine instability is thought to cause chronic low back pain. Three-dimensional, in vivo segmental motion was measured in healthy and low back pain male subjects in their 30s using CT. Segmental motions were level dependent with no significant differences due to the presence of pain.
New lipid lowering drugs and new effects of old drugs (1997)

Old lipid acting drugs (fibrates, resins and niacin) continue to demonstrate morbidity and mortality benefits with variable efficacy and safety. Controlled trials have provided efficacy and safety data that support the use of statins as the first choice in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Knowledge of old and new mechanisms of action, optimal doses, pharmacokinetic behavior and drug interactions improve the safety and effectiveness of these hypolipidemic agents.
Human silhouette recognition with Fourier descriptors (2002)

A novel approach for human silhouette recognition is presented. The method is based on Fourier descriptors. We made an analysis of which and how many descriptors are enough to have a general human silhouette representation, and concluded that a reduced number of components, low and high frequency, is sufficient for representing a human silhouette and for its recognition in different poses. Based on this study, we developed a system that uses 40 normalized descriptors and a nearest centroid classified for human silhouette recognition. The method was tested with real images of humans and other objects with similar contours, achieving a 97% correct recognition.
Determination of Free-Radical Propagation Rate Coefficients for Alkyl Methacrylates by Pulsed-Laser Polymerization (1997)

Values of free-radical propagation rate coefficients (kp) for two new methacrylate monomers2-ethylhexyl and isodecyl methacrylateshave been measured in the temperature range 10−90 °C by analyzing molecular weight distributions of polymer produced by pulsed-laser polymerization (the PLP/MWD technique). In addition, new PLP/MWD results for n-butyl and n-dodecyl methacrylates are reported, and previously published data for ethyl and isobutyl methacrylates are reanalyzed. The temperature dependence of kp for these six monomers is compared to that recently reported for methyl methacrylate. A consistent increase of kp with size of the ester group is observed, with values for n-dodecyl methacrylate 50−60% higher than those for methyl methacrylate. Although this increase is statistically significant, it is less certain whether it is attributable to a decrease in the activation energy or an increase in the frequency factor. The experimental results favor the former explanation.
Copper Recovery Using a Tumbled‐Bed Electrochemical Reactor (1981)

A tumbled‐bed electrochemical reactor was described and shown to function well in reclaiming copper from a dilute acid copper system. A sound electrodeposit was obtained routinely and may be conducive to a stable and low maintenance industrial application. Graphs which approximately represent operating cost‐capital cost trends have been presented and suggested as useful for future work in developing and comparing alternative waste treatment techniques.
Electronically reconfigurable metal-on-silicon metamaterial (2012)

Reconfigurable metamaterial-based apertures can play a unique role in both imaging and in beam-forming applications, where current technology relies mostly on the fabrication and integration of large detector or antenna arrays. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of a voltage-controlled, silicon-based electromagnetic metamaterial operating in the W-band (75--110 GHz). In this composite semiconductor metamaterial, patterned gold metamaterial elements serve both to manage electromagnetic wave propagation while simultaneously acting as electrical Schottky contacts that control the local conductivity of the semiconductor substrate. The active device layers consist of a patterned metal on a 2-\ensuremath{\mu}m-thick $n$-doped silicon layer, adhesively bonded to a transparent Pyrex wafer. The transmittance of the composite metamaterial can be modulated over a given frequency band as a function of bias voltage. We demonstrate a quantitative understanding of the composite device through the application of numerical approaches that simultaneously treat the semiconductor junction physics as well as wave propagation.