gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact Linear Analogs of Dendritic Polyether Macromolecules:  Design, Synthesis, and Unique Properties (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTExact Linear Analogs of Dendritic Polyether Macromolecules: Design, Synthesis, and Unique PropertiesCraig J. Hawker, Eva E. Malmström, Curtis W. Frank, and J. Patrick KampfView Author Information Center for Polymeric Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099 Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 41, 9903–9904Publication Date (Web):October 15, 1997Publication History Received19 June 1997Published online15 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972027xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972027xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1250Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Dendrons,Hydrodynamics,Macromolecules,Organic polymers,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Photonic Integrated Circuit-Based FMCW Coherent LiDAR (2018)

We present the demonstration of an integrated frequency modulated continuous wave LiDAR on a silicon platform. The waveform calibration, the scanning system, and the balanced detectors are implemented on a chip. Detection and ranging of a moving hard target at upto 60 m with less than 5 mW of output power is demonstrated in this paper.
The Ketogenic Diet: An Effective Medical Therapy With Side Effects (2001)

Attention is directed to the fact that the ketogenic diet is much less toxic than some of the medications currently used in the treatment of epilepsy. (Dr Samuel Livingston, 1972) 1 The ketogenic diet... is an effective and safe medical treatment for epilepsy, but it must be judiciously applied and carefully monitored. (Drs Doug R. Nordli and Daryl C. DeVivo, 2001) 2
<title>Development of active materials with adaptive acoustic impedance</title> (2003)

Active materials with adaptive acoustic impedance are materials with an acoustic characteristic which can be controlled using as external source of energy and a control circuit. Controlling the acoustic impedance means controlling the transmission, reflection and absorption properties of the material.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. III. Uniform translation and laminar flow (1978)

Abstract We extend fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to systems that undergo translation or laminar flow in a sample cell. We include theoretical and experimental results; we consider uniform and nonuniform velocity profiles. Concentration correlation analysis extracts microscopic rate parameters from measurements of the spontaneous concentration fluctutations, which occur even at equilibrium. Fluorescence is one of the most sensitive means of monitoring these fluctuations. Analysis of flowing or translating systems (1) offers a method of measuring number concentrations of selected species, for example, of aggregates or polymers, (2) provides a nonperturbing velocity probe, (3) sometimes allows one to circumvent photolytic degradation, (4) has proved extremely helpful in testing and aliging apparatus for fluorescence correaltion measurement and in verifying theoretical analyses, and (5) may be required for interpretation of results obtained on systems in motion, even though that motion is undesired or initially unsuspected. We include both theoretical and experimental results for combined Poiseuille flow and diffusion in the geometry which is of most practical interest. Theoretical expressions for the much simpler cases of nondiffusive Poiseuille flow as well as uniform flow or translation with or without diffusion constitute limiting cases which are displayed explicitly.
Diastereoselective Reduction of Hemiacetals Derived from 2,3-<i>O</i>-Isopropylidene Derivatives of Carbohydrate Lactones (1996)

Abstract Reactions of organomagnesium and/or organolithium reagents with 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-erythronolactone and 5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsily1-2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-ribonolactone gave good yields of the corresponding hemiacetals which, by choice of hydride reagents, can be reduced stereoselectively to give products with a syn-(threo-) relationship between the new chiral centre and that at C-2 of the lactone.
Minireview: Hair Cortisol: A Novel Biomarker of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Activity (2012)

Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is commonly assessed by measuring glucocorticoids such as cortisol (CORT). For many years, CORT was obtained primarily from blood plasma or urine, whereas later approaches added saliva and feces for noninvasive monitoring of HPA functioning. Despite the value of all these sample matrices for answering many research questions, they remain limited in the temporal range of assessment. Plasma and saliva are point samples that vary as a function of circadian rhythmicity and are susceptible to confounding by environmental disturbances. Even urine and feces generally assess HPA activity over a period of only 24 h or less. We and others have recently developed and validated methods for measuring the concentration of CORT in the body hair of animals (e.g. rhesus monkeys) and scalp hair of humans. CORT is constantly deposited in the growing hair shaft, as a consequence of which such deposition can serve as a biomarker of integrated HPA activity over weeks and months instead of minutes or hours. Since the advent of this methodological advance, hair CORT has already been used as an index of chronic HPA activity and stress in human clinical and nonclinical populations, in a variety of laboratory-housed and wild-living animal species, and in archival specimens that are many decades or even centuries old. Moreover, because human hair is known to grow at an average rate of about 1 cm/month, several studies suggest that CORT levels in hair segments that differ in proximity to the scalp can, under certain conditions, be used as a retrospective calendar of HPA activity during specific time periods preceding sample collection.
DEPLETION OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES WITH CLODRONATE-LOADED PLGA NANOPARTICLES (2013)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. In this study, we developed a TAM-targeting poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle (NP) that encapsulates a bisphosphonate drug, clodronate. Clodronate-loaded NPs killed macrophages more efficiently than the drug alone in vitro. The NPs functionalized with a TAM-targeting tissue-penetrating peptide, LyP-1, selectively accumulated in CD11b-positive (macrophage-rich) regions in mouse 4T1 breast tumor xenografts. Furthermore, clodronate-loaded LyP-1-functionalized NPs reduced the number of macrophages selectively in the 4T1 tumors, and modestly inhibited tumor growth. Our results support the idea that LyP-1-functionalized clodronate-loaded PLGA NPs could be a promising anti-tumor agent.
Synthesis of 4-Aryl-2-pyrrolidones and β-Aryl-γ-amino-butyric Acid (GABA) Analogues by Heck Arylation of 3-Pyrrolines with Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates. Synthesis of (±)-Rolipram on a Multigram Scale and Chromatographic Resolution by Semipreparative Chiral Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography (2005)

We report herein a new, practical, and economic synthesis of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Rolipram on a multigram scale as well as the synthesis of new 4-aryl pyrrolidones and β-aryl-γ-amino butyric acids (GABA derivatives) employing an efficient Heck−Matsuda arylation of 3-pyrroline with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates. Racemic Rolipram was resolved into its enantiomers using chiral simulated moving bed chromatography having the low-cost microcrystalline cellulose triacetate as a chiral stationary phase.
Avoidance of Priority Inversion in Real Time Systems Based on Resource Restoration (2006)

Priority inversion is a problem that occurs in concurrent processes when low-priority threads hold shared resources required by some high-priority threads, causing the high priority-threads to block indefinitely. This problem is enlarged when the concurrent processes are in a real time system where high- priority threads must be served on time. A novice approach for avoiding the priority inversion problem is presented for processes in real time systems. This approach is based on backing up and restoring the shared resources. A low priority thread always starts on a shadow version of the shared resource, the original resource remains unchanged. When a high-priority thread needs a resource engaged by a low-priority thread, the low priority thread is preempted, the original resource is restored and the high-priority thread is allowed to use the original resource. The approach has been implemented in Java and the experimental results are fetched which verify that the approach is very suitable for real time systems where high-priority threads must be served on time. Keywords: CPU Scheduling, Priority Inversion. 1.
Polymer-Enhanced Stability of Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals and Their Application in Color Conversion LEDs (2016)

Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) offer exceptional optical properties for several potential applications but their implementation is hindered by a low chemical and structural stability and limited processability. In the present work, we developed a new method to efficiently coat CsPbX3 NCs, which resulted in their increased chemical and optical stability as well as processability. The method is based on the incorporation of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMA) into the synthesis of the perovskite NCs. The presence of PMA in the ligand shell stabilizes the NCs by tightening the ligand binding, limiting in this way the NC surface interaction with the surrounding media. We further show that these NCs can be embedded in self-standing silicone/glass plates as down-conversion filters for the fabrication of monochromatic green and white light emitting diodes (LEDs) with narrow bandwidths and appealing color characteristics.
Mannich Reaction as a Key Strategy for the Synthesis of Benzoazacrown Ethers and Benzocryptands (1996)

A convenient method for the synthesis of mono- and polycyclic azacrown macrocycles containing aromatic fragments using the Mannich condensation of phenols and secondary diamines has been studied. This new approach allowed the synthesis of bisphenols connected by oligoazaoxaalkane units in good yields without the need to protect the phenolic OH groups. These bisphenols (13-16) were alkylated with ditosylates of polyethylene glycols to give benzoazacrown ethers 25-30. Intermediate bisphenols 13-15 were also treated with three bis(methoxymethyl)-substituted diamines to form benzoazacrowns 10-12 containing internal phenolic functions. Phenol-containing mono- (11) and bicyclic (3, n = 1) compounds, which were synthesized via the Mannich aminomethylation process, were used as building blocks for construction of bi- (32) and tricyclic (33) ligands.
Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Surface Expression and Occupancy of IgE Receptors and on Histamine Releasability of Mast Cells (1995)

The relationship between the IgE load on mast cells and their secretory capacity when challenged with anti-IgE was studied in peritoneal cells obtained from rats of three different strains, Hooded Lister (HL), Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD). IgE was determined cytofluorometrically after labelling with FITC-conjugated anti-IgE before and after the saturation of the IgE receptors to provide a measure of the surface expression of IgE receptors (number of receptors available for bindings) as well as the IgE occupancy of the receptors (native IgE content). The secretory capacity of the mast cells was examined in vitro in terms of histamine release as a function of anti-IgE concentration. Mast cells obtained from HL and WKY rats were found to carry significantly higher levels of IgE receptors and IgE than the mast cells of SD rats bred and raised under the same conventional laboratory conditions. The mast cells of SD rats kept under barrier-maintained conditions carried significantly less IgE than the mast cells obtained from SD rats kept under conventional conditions, but their IgE receptor levels were similar. The IgE-mediated histamine-releasing capacity of the mast cells, evaluated in terms of maximum release or of the slopes of regression lines (histamine release versus anti-IgE concentration), was positively correlated to the levels of native IgE and IgE receptors in the three strains of rat combined. The mast cells obtained from WKY rats showed the highest secretory capacity in the three strains of rat examined, significantly higher than the mast cells of HL rats, even though the latter displayed similar levels of IgE and IgE receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assessment and Correction of Turbidity Effects on Raman Observations of Chemicals in Aqueous Solutions (2014)

Improvements in diode laser, fiber optic, and data acquisition technologies are enabling increased use of Raman spectroscopic techniques for both in lab and in situ water analysis. Aqueous media encountered in the natural environment often contain suspended solids that can interfere with spectroscopic measurements, yet removal of these solids, for example, via filtration, can have even greater adverse effects on the extent to which subsequent measurements are representative of actual field conditions. In this context, this study focuses on evaluation of turbidity effects on Raman spectroscopic measurements of two common environmental pollutants in aqueous solution: ammonium nitrate and trichloroethylene. The former is typically encountered in the runoff from agricultural operations and is a strong scatterer that has no significant influence on the Raman spectrum of water. The latter is a commonly encountered pollutant at contaminated sites associated with degreasing and cleaning operations and is a weak scatterer that has a significant influence on the Raman spectrum of water. Raman observations of each compound in aqueous solutions of varying turbidity created by doping samples with silica flour with grain sizes ranging from 1.6 to 5.0 μm were employed to develop relationships between observed Raman signal strength and turbidity level. Shared characteristics of these relationships were then employed to define generalized correction methods for the effect of turbidity on Raman observations of compounds in aqueous solution.
LXI.—On the production of hydroxylamine from nitric acid (1883)

E. Divers, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1883, 43, 443 DOI: 10.1039/CT8834300443
Measurement of Elastase and Cysteine Proteinases in Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sero-Negative Spondylarthropathies, and Osteoarthritis (1992)

Synovial fluid samples were collected from 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathy, or osteoarthritis, to study their content of elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) and of cysteine proteinases (EC 3.4.22.1, 3.4.22.15). We measured both elastase complexed with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and elastase activity toward the substrate L-pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide. Cysteine proteinase activities were measured with the substrates N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-Phe-Arg-AMC) and Z-Arg-Arg-AMC and the inhibitor E-64 [L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucyl-amido-(4-guanidino)-butane]. In all these enzyme assays, higher median values were obtained in inflammatory arthropathies than in osteoarthritis. The concentration of the elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex and of elastase and cysteine proteinase activities were statistically higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in patients with osteoarthritis. The difference in results between patients with spondylarthropathy and patients with osteoarthritis was statistically significant only for the elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex. The median values of the complex and of both enzyme activities were higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in patients with spondylarthropathy; however, the difference was statistically significant only for the cysteine proteinase activity measured with Z-Arg-Arg-AMC substrate. These results suggest that both elastase and cysteine proteinases, which are increased in patients with inflammatory arthritis, are involved in cartilage degradation in these arthropathies.
B-Mode Flow Imaging of the Carotid Artery (2001)

B-flow was prominent in visualizing hemodynamic flow and detection of stenotic lesion in the cervical carotid artery. Combined with conventional B-mode technique, B-flow seems to be useful in evaluating carotid stenosis.
Human Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line HL-60 Cells Resistant to Differentiation Induction by Retinoic Acid (1989)

We have recently reported that neolacto series gangliosides (NeuAc-nLc) are increased during granulocytic differentiation of human myelogenous leukemia cell line HL-60 cells induced by retinoic acid and that HL-60 cells are differentiated into mature granulocytes when the cells are cultivated with NeuAc-nLc (Nojiri, H., Kitagawa, S., Nakamura, M., Kirito, K., Enomoto, Y., and Saito, M. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7443-7446). In contrast to these wild-type-HL-60 cells, HL-60 cells resistant to differentiation induction by retinoic acid showed a markedly decreased content of gangliosides, especially NeuAc-nLc, and did not show any increase in the content of gangliosides when cultivated with retinoic acid. Neutral glycosphingolipids, the precursors of gangliosides, were not accumulated in these resistant cells. When retinoic acid-resistant HL-60 cells were cultivated in the presence of NeuAc-nLc, the cells were found to be differentiated into mature granulocytes on morphological and functional criteria. The differentiation of cells was dependent on the concentration of gangliosides and was accompanied by inhibition of cell growth. Wild-type HL-60 cells differentiated by NeuAc-nLc showed the changes in ganglioside composition, which were similar to those in wild-type HL-60 cells differentiated by retinoic acid; among the gangliosides changed, 2----3 sialylparagloboside and 2----3 sialylnorhexaosylceramide were increased. These findings suggest (a) that the synthesis of particular NeuAc-nLe molecules is an important step for retinoic acid-induced granulocytic differentiation and this step could be bypassed or replaced by exogenous NeuAc-nLc, and (b) that the defective synthesis of particular NeuAc-nLc molecules is responsible for the failure of differentiation induction in retinoic acid-resistant HL-60 cells by retinoic acid.
Requirement for the heart‐type fatty acid binding protein in cardiac fatty acid utilization (1999)

Nonenzymatic cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are abundantly expressed in many animal tissues with high rates of fatty acid metabolism. No physiological role has been demonstrated for any FABP, although these proteins have been implicated in transport of free long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and protection against LCFA toxicity. We report here that mice lacking heart-type FABP (H-FABP) exhibit a severe defect of peripheral (nonhepatic, non-fat) LCFA utilization. In these mice, the heart is unable to efficiently take up plasma LCFAs, which are normally its main fuel, and switches to glucose usage. Altered plasma levels of LCFAs, glucose, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are consistent with depressed peripheral LCFA utilization, intensified carbohydrate usage, and increased hepatic LCFA oxidation; these changes are most pronounced under conditions favoring LCFA oxidation. H-FABP deficiency is only incompletely compensated, however, causing acute exercise intolerance and, at old age, a localized cardiac hypertrophy. These data establish a requirement for H-FABP in cardiac intracellular lipid transport and fuel selection and a major role in metabolic homeostasis. This new animal model should be particularly useful for investigating the significance of peripheral LCFA utilization for heart function, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure.
Linear motion electromagnetic systems (1985)

Introduction and Governing Equations Classification of Linear Machines Certain Applications Low- Speed Linear Induction Motors (lim's) Low-Speed Linear Synchronous and Stepper Motors Low-Speed dc Linear Motors Linear Induction Liquid-Metal Systems Linear Homopolar dc mhd Systems Linear Induction Motors (Lim's) for Ground Transportation Linear Inductor Motors for Transportation Active Guideway Synchronous Motors (LSHM's) for Transportation Active Guideway Superconducting Synchronous Motors (LSCM) for Transportation Active guideway dc Linear Motors for Transportation Linear-Motion Electromagnetic Levitators (LEL) Linear-Motion Electrodynamic Levitators (EDL) The Electrodynamic Wheel (EDW) Linear-Motion Uncontrolled Electromagnets Appendixes.
Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) expression on donor endothelial cells attenuates the development of transplant arteriosclerosis1 (2002)

These data suggest that PECAM-1 expression by donor endothelial cells attenuates the development of transplant arteriosclerosis, possibly by affecting macrophage infiltration.