gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of drops on slippery lubricant-infused surfaces (2015)

For a liquid droplet to slide down a solid planar surface, the surface usually has to be tilted above a critical angle of approximately 10°. By contrast, droplets of nearly any liquid "slip" on lubricant-infused textured surfaces - so termed slippery surfaces - when tilted by only a few degrees. The mechanism of how the lubricant alters the static and dynamic properties of the drop remains elusive because the drop-lubricant interface is hidden. Here, we image the shape of drops on lubricant-infused surfaces by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The contact angle of the drop-lubricant interface with the substrate exceeds 140°, although macroscopic contour images suggest angles as low as 60°. Confocal microscopy of moving drops reveals fundamentally different processes at the front and rear. Drops recede via discrete depinning events from surface protrusions at a defined receding contact angle, whereas the advancing contact angle is 180°. Drops slide easily, as the apparent contact angles with the substrate are high and the drop-lubricant interfacial tension is typically lower than the drop-air interfacial tension. Slippery surfaces resemble superhydrophobic surfaces with two main differences: drops on a slippery surface are surrounded by a wetting ridge of adjustable height and the air underneath the drop in the case of a superhydrophobic surface is replaced by lubricant in the case of a slippery surface.
Self-assembly of Resorcinarene-stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Influence of the Macrocyclic Headgroup (2004)

Gold nanoparticles can be encapsulated by various resorcinarene derivatives and assembled into monolayer films at solvent interfaces. Surface charge plays a critical role in both nanoparticle extraction and self-assembly: the degree of monolayer formation and local two-dimensional (2D) order within the nanoparticle arrays is dependent on the chemical nature of the resorcinarene headgroup as well as the presence of other electrolytes. Cluster size distribution analysis can be used to parameterize local 2D order within the arrays in a quantitative manner, based on mean cluster sizes and fractional hexagonal close-packed (hcp) cluster formation. 2D nanoparticle arrays can also be prepared in some cases using Langmuir–Blodgett techniques. These studies demonstrate that resorcinarenes with chemisorptive headgroups promote the self-assembly of well-ordered 2D arrays.
ATT: A Fault-Tolerant ReRAM Accelerator for Attention-based Neural Networks (2020)

Crossbar-based resistive RAM has been widely used in deep learning accelerator designs because it largely eliminates weight movement between memory and processing units. The high-density storage and low leakage power make it a good fit for edge/IoT devices. However, existing ReRAM designs for traditional neural networks cannot support Attention-based Neural Networks, which are stacked with encoders and decoders instead of convolutional layers or fully connected layers. In addition to matrix-matrix multiplications in traditional neural networks, an encoder or a decoder also includes the attention mechanism, the layer normalization and the gaussian error linear unit. These new characteristics make the data flow far more complicated than that of a convolutional layer. Faulty ReRAM devices are additional obstacles when mapping weights that severely degrade computation accuracy. Existing hardware redundancy strategies that are unaware of application characteristics usually result in inefficient designs. In this work, we analyze the data flow of these attention-based neural networks and propose a ReRAM-based accelerator with a dedicated pipeline design for Attention-based Neural Networks. When considering cells with hard faults in crossbars, we further propose NuXG, a non-uniform redundancy strategy, to meet accuracy requirements and save energy consumption by decreasing the redundancy ratio. Finally, we evaluate results and demonstrate that the proposed can achieve more than two times improved performance over existing redundancy schemes in both power efficiency and throughput for Attention-based Neural Networks. Moreover, it also significantly outperforms an NVIDIA GPU.
Integrated headway adaptation with collision avoidance system for intelligent vehicles (2007)

In this paper, an integrated headway adaptation (HA) with collision avoidance (CA) system is proposed to be associated with a human factor aspect for driving assistance. The maneuver in the CA strategy is developed based on the idea that warning or potential crash information generally can be graded such that the driver need not react to a discrete on/off warning. The control law for the HA strategy is designed by using a modified sliding surface to achieve driving comfort requirement and also stability in car-following. To simulate the speed controlling of human drivers, the throttle and brake actuation is directed by the regulation control which is designed based on a human reasoning approach. A description of an experimental vehicle and real traffic testing in highways and urban-like tracks shows the potential and validness of the integrated system.
Silver-Particle-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy for Biomolecular Sensing and Recognition (2006)

In this study, we demonstrate that 2-microm-sized Ag (microAg) powders can be used as a core material for constructing molecular sensing/recognition units operating via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This is possible because microAg powders are very efficient substrates for both the infrared and Raman-spectroscopic characterization of molecular adsorbates prepared in a similar manner on silver surfaces; we can obtain an infrared spectrum of organic molecules adsorbed on microAg particles with a very high signal-to-noise ratio by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and the Raman spectrum of organic monolayers on powdered silver is an SERS spectrum. The agglomeration of microAg particles in a highly concentrated buffer solution could be prevented by the layer-by-layer deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes such as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). In fact, prior to depositing PAA and PAH, 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT) was assembled on the surfaces of the microAg particles as SERS markers. Because of the presence of amine groups of 4-ABT, PAA could be readily deposited on the microAg particles. On the other hand, the outermost PAA layer could also be derivatized with biotin-derivatized poly(L-lysine). The nonspecific interaction of poly(L-lysine) with proteins could be suppressed by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) into the biotin-derivatized poly(L-lysine) molecules. On the basis of the nature of the SERS peaks of 4-ABT, it was confirmed that these biotinylated microAg powders were effective in selectively recognizing the streptavidin arrays. Because a number of different molecules can be used as SERS-marker molecules, such as probable 4-ABT, commercially available microAg powders must be a prospective material in molecular sensing/recognition, particularly via SERS.
An Autonomous Robotic System for Mapping Abandoned Mines (2003)

We present the software architecture of a robotic system for mapping abandoned mines. The software is capable of acquiring consistent 2D maps of large mines with many cycles, represented as Markov random elds. 3D C-space maps are acquired from local 3D range scans, which are used to identify navigable paths using A* search. Our system has been deployed in three abandoned mines, two of which inaccessible to people, where it has acquired maps of unprecedented detail and accuracy.
Errors in prolonged electrical impedance measurements due to electrode repositioning and postural changes (1995)

Long-term electrical impedance measurements are affected by specific errors. Electrode failure, changes in its impedance due to aging, and postural changes are among the most important. The authors analyse errors due to electrode replacement and body postural changes. Electrode replacement errors can cause impedance changes up to 5% of basal value. This is one of the most important factors in data reproducibility. Body postural changes also contribute to impedance variations. The authors have proposed the use of a reference position to carry out impedance measurements as the one that shows the smallest impedance sensitivity to postural changes. In general, the authors observed that this is achieved with arms and legs slightly separated from the body. They propose the use of a ratio of impedance at two different frequencies to discern the origin of impedance changes, whether from physiological phenomena or postural errors.
Triple-stripe phase-locked diode lasers emitting 100 mw CW with single-lobed far-field patterns (1985)

AlGaAs laser arrays with inner stripe configuration have been developed. Transverse mode control was accomplished by introducing nonuniform refractive index and gain distributions, which are built in utilising growth features of liquid-phase epitaxy. The maximum light outputs are 130 mW and 400 mW in CW and pulsed operation, respectively.
Parameter analysis and reader architectures for broadband 13.56 MHz RFID systems (2010)

The underlying paper deals with HF RFID systems and the influences of different parameters on the entire system and the effects for “very high data rates” (VHD) up to 6.7 Mbit/s. After a short introduction to 13.56 MHz RFID systems, characteristic parameters such as Signal to Carrier Ratio, quality factor, bandwidth and energy are pointed out in the context of VHD. Based on that different reader concepts will be evaluated and the implementation of a testplatform will be shown. Finally dynamic effects of the system will be explained, which have to be taken into account for VHD transmissions.
Cardioprotective Mechanism of Telmisartan via PPAR- -eNOS Pathway in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats (2008)

These results suggest that the cardioprotective mechanism of telmisartan may be partly due to improvement of endothelial function associated with PPAR-gamma-eNOS, oxidative stress, and Rho-kinase pathway.
Cavity optomechanical sensors (2011)

We report a novel type of fully integrated optomechanical sensor and demonstrate high sensitivity mechanical displacement measurements on chip. We sense the motion of micro- and nano-mechanical devices by near field coupling them to high quality factor optical microdisk resonators. In a first geometry, we sense the position of a dielectric ring moved by a micromechanical actuator. Tunable optomechanical coupling of up to GHz/nm results in the photodetector-limited displacement sensitivity of 4.3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> m//√Hz with optical excitation power as low as 20 μW. In a second geometry, we sense the thermal motion of a nanoscale cantilever probe. Transduction of the cantilever's MHz frequency vibration is achieved with a displacement sensitivity of 4.4×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-16</sup> m//√Hz and a mechanical quality factor of 6000 is measured in vacuum.
Surfing the Web Quicker Than QUIC via a Shared Address Validation (2019)

QUIC is a performance-optimized secure transport protocol and a building block of the upcoming HTTP/3 standard. To protect against denial-of-service attacks, QUIC servers need to validate the IP addresses claimed by their clients. So far, the QUIC protocol conducts address validation for each hostname separately using validation tokens. In this work, we review this practice and introduce a new QUIC transport parameter to allow a shared address validation across hostnames. This parameter indicates to the client, that an issued validation token can be used to abbreviate the address validation when connecting to specific other hostnames. Based on trust-relations between real-world hostnames we evaluate the performance benefits of our proposal. Our results suggest that a shared address validation saves a round-trip time on almost 60% of the required handshakes to different hosts during the first loading of an average website. Assuming a typical transatlantic connection with a round-trip time of 90 ms, we find that deploying our proposal reduces the delay overhead to establish all required connections for an average website by 142.2 ms.
Reduced Switching-Frequency-Modulation Algorithm for High-Power Multilevel Inverters (2007)

Multilevel inverters have emerged as attractive high-power medium-voltage power-conversion systems. They are mainly controlled with high-frequency pulsewidth-modulation methods. This is not suitable for very high-power application due to significant switching losses. This paper presents an adaptive duty-cycle modulation algorithm that reduces the switching frequency to a minimum necessary to fulfill the dynamic requirements of the system. Switching losses are, therefore, strongly reduced. This is achieved by using the slope of the voltage reference to adapt the modulation period to ensure that only one-step change between two voltage levels. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a nine-level cascaded inverter. Voltage waveforms obtained for variable frequencies and amplitudes show similar switching patterns, with a reduced and near-constant number of commutations per cycle, regardless of the reference frequency and amplitude.
Predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients. (1993)

Serum biochemical measures suggestive of undernutrition have been reported to correlate with 1-yr mortality risk in prevalent groups of hemodialysis patients. The predictive power of these variables has not been reported in newly diagnosed patients or in patients whose dialysis prescription is guided by urea kinetics. The relationship of these predictors to mortality over periods of longer than 1 yr is also unreported. Therefore, the survival of 184 hemodialysis patients was examined for up to 44 months (1987 to 1991) with the Cox proportional hazards model. Baseline demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters were used as independent variables. To adjust for bias in patient selection, the survival of patients with 12 months or less of prior dialysis at the time of enrollment ("new cases") was analyzed separately from that of patients with more than 1 yr of prior treatment ("long-standing cases"). Serum albumin was less than 3.5 g/dL in 31% of new cases and in 12% of long-standing cases. Adjusting for the other variables, low serum albumin was the strongest mortality risk predictor in both new and long-standing cases. Low serum cholesterol was an independent risk predictor in both groups. Diabetes and race were not significant predictors. Mean age at enrollment was nearly a decade higher for nonsurvivors than for survivors, in both new and long-standing groups. Yet, age was not an independent risk predictor in the Cox model for the new group because of an unexpectedly high death rate among young black men. Female gender, which was confounded by increased age, took the place of age in the model for the new group. For each model, there was good agreement between observed and predicted mortality for up to 24 months. To assess the influence of dialysis treatment time and dose (measured as pre-to-post treatment urea ratio) on risk, survival was examined in a subset of 139 patients monitored for up to 22 months, from 1989 to 1991, a period when the urea ratio was used routinely. Adjusting for the other variables, low serum albumin and cholesterol again independently increased risk. The urea ratio was also a significant independent predictor. The pattern of mortality by urea ratio was U shaped, with minimum risk for values between 2.5 and 3.4 Treatment time did not influence risk. It was concluded that baseline serum values of albumin and cholesterol strongly influence survival for up to 2 yr in new and long-standing hemodialysis patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Conserved and sexually dimorphic behavioral responses to biogenic amines in decapitated  <i>Drosophila</i> (1997)

A preparation of decapitated Drosophila melanogaster has been used for direct application of drugs to the nerve cord. Serotonin, dopamine, and octopamine stimulate locomotion and grooming, showing distinguishable effects that often are potentiated by addition of the vertebrate monoamine oxidase-inhibitor hydrazaline. Many of the hydrazaline-induced effects are sexually dimorphic, with males showing greater responses than females. Behaviors similar to those induced by dopamine can be induced by application of the vertebrate dopamine D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole, whose effects are also sexually dimorphic. In contrast, vertebrate D2-like and D1-like dopamine antagonists result in akinesic states, and D1-like agonists selectively stimulate grooming. These data indicate that Drosophila nerve cord amine receptors are coupled to reflexive behaviors similar to those stimulated by brain dopamine receptors in vertebrates.
Controlled Microchannelling in Dense Collagen Scaffolds by Soluble Phosphate Glass Fibers (2006)

A problem with tissue engineering scaffolds is maintaining seeded cell viability and function due to limitations of oxygen and nutrient transfer. An approach to maintain suitable oxygen concentrations throughout the scaffold would be to controllably incorporate microchannelling within these scaffolds. This study investigated the incorporation of unidirectionally aligned soluble phosphate based glass fibers (PGF) into dense collagen scaffolds. PGF are degradable, and their degradation can be controlled through their chemistry and dimensions. Plastic compression was used to produce composite scaffolds at three different weight percentage while maintaining greater than 80% resident cell viability. PGF-collagen scaffold composition was quantified through thermogravimetric analysis as well as being morphologically and mechanically characterized. PGF degradation was measured through ion chromatography, and channel formation was verified with ultrasound imaging and SEM. The free movement of coated microbubble agents confirmed the channels to be continuous in nature and of 30-40 microm diameter. These microchannels in dense native collagen matrices could play an important role in hypoxia/perfusion limitations and also in the transportation of nutrients and potentially forming blood vessels through dense implants.
A Mulitlingual Translation-Oriented Typology of Compound Nouns (1993)

Cet article tire le bilan des recherches menees sur la composition nominale dans le cadre du projet de traduction automatique EUROTRA. P. Bennett aborde tout d'abord les problemes generaux que pose le traitement des composes dans la traduction automatique, puis presente une theorie de la structure argumentale des adjectifs et des verbes correspondants, s'ils existent. cela permet d'etablir une typologie des composes. Les composes nominaux anglais sont decrits dans ce cadre et mis en rapport avec les structures correspondantes qui ne sont pas des composes. Cette typologie est ensuite appliquee au neerlandais, au danois et a l'espagnol. Certains problemes de traduction sont circonscrits, et leur solution eventuelle abordee. Pour finir, il examine la pertinence pour la traduction automatique de certains travaux en morphologie theorique
An insulin-stimulated ribosomal protein S6 kinase from rabbit liver (1989)

In this report we describe an activated form of S6 protein kinase in rabbits treated acutely with insulin. The major insulin-stimulated activity in rabbit liver is increased 2- to 5-fold compared to material from untreated animals based on DEAE-cellulose profiles. The activity observed in DEAE-cellulose fractions can be separated into a major and a minor peak, each having very similar chromatographic behavior. Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, S-Sepharose, heptyl-Sepharose, heparin-agarose, and Mono Q results in greater than 20,000-fold purification of the insulin-stimulated enzyme with a 12% recovery. The stimulated activity has chromatographic properties similar to an S6 protein kinase studied previously in 3T3-L1 cells (Cobb, M. H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12994-12999) and other systems. The enzyme purified from insulin-treated animals contains a major band that migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with Mr congruent to 70,000; this band also appears in the control preparation. Treatment of the insulin-stimulated S6 kinase with the catalytic subunit of phosphatase 2a reduces its activity by 97%. The activity of the inactivated S6 kinase is stimulated nearly 5-fold by a 15-min preincubation with partially purified insulin-stimulated microtubule-associated protein-2 kinase.
Interaction of procyanidin B3 with bovine serum albumin (2014)

Proanthocyanidins are a mixture of monomers, oligomers, and polymers of flavan-3-ols that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. One of the most widely studied proanthocyanidins is procyanidin B3. In this study, the interaction between procyanidin B3 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), in combination with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular docking. Thermodynamic investigations reveal that the electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction are the major binding forces in the binding of procyanidin B3 to BSA. The binding of procyanidin B3 to BSA is synergistically driven by enthalpy and entropy. Fluorescence experiments suggest that procyanidin B3 can quench the fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching mechanism. The obtained binding constants and the equilibrium fraction of unbound procyanidin B3 show that procyanidin B3 can be stored and transported from the circulatory system to reach its target organ. Binding site I is found to be the primary binding site for procyanidin B3, which is consistent with the result of molecular docking studies. Additionally, as shown by the UV-vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR and CD, procyanidin B3 may induce conformational and microenvironmental changes of BSA.