gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, PEGPH20, and rivaroxaban for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: An interim analysis. (2018)

405 Background: PEGPH20 (P) degrades hyaluronan (HA), a key component of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment, leading to reduction of tumor interstitial pressure, decompression of tumor blood vessels and improvement in delivery of chemotherapeutics. A prior study of P with chemotherapy in PDAC (HALO-202) found an increased risk of thromboembolic (TE) events, 43%, effectively reduced with subcutaneous enoxaparin treatment. Rivaroxaban (R) is a safe and effective oral anticoagulant for treating cancer-related TE. Methods: 28 patients with advanced PDAC, KPS ≥ 70 and without prior TE were enrolled from January to June 2017. Patients received treatment with PAG (P; 3 µg/kg IV 2x/wk x 3 wks in C1, then 1x/wk x 3 wks in C2+, plus AG) every 28 days, with R (15 mg twice daily for 21 days, followed by 20 mg once daily). Primary endpoint is symptomatic TE event rate; secondary endpoints include PFS, OS, major bleeding rate and RR. Results: All 28 patients are evaluable for efficacy and safety. Key patient characteristics: age = 62 (range 45-76), M/F = 15/13, stage III/IV = 4/24, KPS 70/80/90 = 1/13/14. Median follow-up is 5.4 mo. No symptomatic and one grade 2, asymptomatic TE event (DVT) occurred (1/28 = 3.6%). Two grade 3 GI hemorrhages occurred. Best responses: partial response 11 (39%), stable disease 13 (46%), progressive disease 4 (14%), and overall disease control rate of 86%. Median PFS and OS have not been reached. Conclusions: Interim analysis shows R is safe and effectively prevents TE events in patients receiving PAG. Responses and disease control rate are encouraging in this tumor HA-level unselected patient population. Updated safety and efficacy data will be reported. Clinical trial information: NCT02921022.
Preventing chronic pain following acute pain: Risk factors, preventive strategies, and their efficacy (2011)

Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability in the United States. The transition from acute to persistent pain is thought to arise from maladaptive neuroplastic mechanisms involving three intertwined processes, peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, and descending modulation. Strategies aimed at preventing persistent pain may target such processes. Models for studying preventive strategies include persistent post-surgical pain (PPP), persistent post-trauma pain (PTP) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Such entities allow a more defined acute onset of tissue injury after which study of the long-term effects is more easily examined. In this review, we examine the pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment strategies for the prevention of chronic pain using these models. Both pharmacological and interventional approaches are described, as well as a discussion of preventive strategies on the horizon.
Design and performance of a planar star mixer (1993)

This paper describes the realization of a hybrid star mixer as a planar circuit. The mixer has a minimum conversion loss of 5 dB and, for a conversion loss of less than 9 dB, spans over 2.2 GHz in IF bandwidth and 8 GHz in RF/LO bandwidth. The mixer employs a novel, planar balun structure, similar to conductor-backed CPW, that is suitable for realization as a monolithic circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction of <i>I</i> <sub>to</sub> Causes Hypertrophy in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (2002)

Prolonged action potential duration (APD) and decreased transient outward K+ current (I(to)) as a result of decreased expression of K(v4.2) and K(v4.3) genes are commonly observed in heart disease. We found that treatment of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with Heteropoda Toxin3, a blocker of cardiac I(to), induced hypertrophy as measured using cell membrane capacitance and (3)H-leucine uptake. To dissect the role of specific I(to)-encoding genes in hypertrophy, I(to) was selectively reduced by overexpressing mutant dominant-negative (DN) transgenes. I(to) amplitude was reduced equally (by about 50%) by overexpression of DN K(v1.4) (K(v1.4)N) or DN K(v4.2) (either K(v4.2)N or K(v4.2)W362F), but only DN K(v4.2) prolonged APD duration (at 1 Hz) and induced myocyte hypertrophy. This hypertrophy was prevented by coexpressing wild-type K(v4.2) channels (K(v4.2)F) with the DN K(v4.2) genes, suggesting the hypertrophy is due to I(to) reduction and not nonspecific effects of transgene overexpression. The hypertrophy caused by reductions of K(v4.x)-based I(to) was associated with increased activity of the calcium-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, and could be prevented by coinfection with Ad-CAIN, a specific calcineurin inhibitor. The hypertrophy and calcineurin activation induced by K(v4.2)N infection were prevented by blocking Ca2+ entry and excitability with verapamil or high [K+]o. Our studies suggest that reductions of K(v4.2/3)-based I(to) play a role in hypertrophy signaling by activation of calcineurin.
A Brain Heater in the Swordfish (1982)

The brain and eye of swordfish are warmer than the water. Associated with one of the eye muscles is a tissue that heats the brain. This brain heater is rich in mitochondria and cytochrome c and is supplied with blood through a vascular heat exchanger. It protects the central nervous system from rapid cooling during daily vertical excursions which may take the swordfish through a wide temperature range.
Airport surface collision warning system implementation (2002)

The Airport Movement Area Safety System (AMASS) is a ground traffic control advisory system. It tracks aircraft and other surface targets using data from two available sensors; the airport surface radar, and the terminal surveillance radar. The system stores an adaptive data base that defines the airport geography and traffic rules. AMASS algorithms use the airport configuration data base and aircraft track files to test for nearly one thousand hazards. AMASS issues audible warnings, and displays the location of the aircraft involved on existing monitors. This paper describes system operation, technology, and future enhancements. Preproduction system testing and validation at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is also described. The preproduction program was funded by the United States Federal Aviation Association (FAA).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A microprocessor-based adaptive power factor corrector for nonlinear loads (1990)

A microprocessor-based adaptive power factor corrector for poor power factor (linear or nonlinear) loads is introduced. The system power factor is measured by the microprocessor and compared with a predetermined reference value. Accordingly, the microprocessor adjusts the power factor to get the predetermined value. This is achieved by controlling the firing angle of a thyristorized static VAR (volt-ampere reactive) compensator through microcomputer software. The system power factor is measured by the microprocessor at every supply cycle, and the above sequence is repeated. The proposed scheme achieves both accurate measurement and adjustment of the system power factor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene during growth arrest (1996)

The neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene product, neurofibromin, is a tumor suppressor gene product capable of inhibiting the growth of cells in culture. If neurofibromin suppresses cell growth by arresting cells in G0 or G1, its expression might be regulated in a cell cycle-dependent fashion. In this study, we demonstrate that RAT-1A fibroblasts arrested in G0/G1 by serum starvation and then released to progress through the cell cycle do not demonstrate significant changes in NF1 expression. However, when arrested in G0/G1 by contact inhibition, NF1 expression in these cells is reversibly upregulated within 72 h, suggesting that NF1 expression is a late event associated with cell growth arrest which may contribute to the maintenance of the differentiated state.
Stress-Induced p53 Runs a Direct Mitochondrial Death Program: Its Role in Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Stress Responses In Vivo (2004)

It is now well established that a fraction of stress-induced wtp53 protein rapidly translocates to mitochondria in immortalized and transformed cells in culture. Mitochondrial p53 interacts with anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl 2 family at the outer mitochondrial membrane, resulting in membrane permeabilization, release of death effectors such as cytochrome C and subsequent rapid apoptosis. The significance and relevance of this direct mitochondrial p53 program to the overall p53-mediated stress response in vivo is underlined by a number of recent studies in animals and primary cells. They all support a role for this direct pathway in the physiologic and pathophysiologic response to genotoxic and hypoxic insults and occur precisely in those tissues where p53 plays a critical role in mediating apotpotis rather than cell cycle arrest.
Geographical Information System (GIS) Implementation Success (2002)

Geographical Information Systems (GISs) are becoming more prevalent for retailers in their use for both day-to-day and strategic long-term decision-making. Given the array of internal and external databases they use, as well as the amount of organizational development, systems implementation is a most opposite picture of how GIS support retailing decision-making. This chapter presents the results of in-depth case studies, reflecting upon the GIS implementation experiences of a key UK food retailer, Highway Stores PLC. The company is one of the strongest contenders in UK food retailing (fourth in rank). More sites throughout the country are being explored and considered for development, and the implementation of GIS has supported Highway in determining locations where new stores can be built-up that fascinate new customers and ensure that existing customers are retained.
Design and evaluation of a multiscalar processor (1998)

As the demand for processing power continues to escalate, future processor designs intended to meet this demand for performance must do so within the constraints of future implementation technology and the limits of practicable implementation costs. This thesis investigates a new type of processor based on the novel multiscalar paradigm. A multiscalar processor uses a “divide and conquer” strategy as a means to overcome the engineering challenges that face existing types of processors with respect to achieving high performance via improvements in instruction-level parallelism and clock speed. 
This thesis focuses on the three most significant aspects of a multiscalar processor: instruction and data processing, instruction supply, and data supply. Detailed design descriptions and experimental evaluations are provided, identifying the impact of each aspect in terms of its individual performance as well as its contribution to overall performance. In addition, a comparison of realistic multiscalar and idealistic superscalar designs is provided to ascertain how this alternative approach performs relative to a well-known conventional approach. 
The key components that dictate the characteristics of a multiscalar processor—processing units for instruction and data processing, hierarchical prediction and instruction memory for instruction supply, register file and data memory for data supply—are discussed in terms of the basic issues involved in their design. Moreover, the challenges/concerns for alternative designs are presented to focus on promising candidates for study. Each candidate is specified in terms of its overall structure and is evaluated under a range of design parameters to characterize its behavior and potential bottlenecks. 
The performance comparison measures the speedup, relative to a baseline 1-wide out-of-order issue processor, of realistic multiscalar processors and idealistic superscalar processors. Given the microarchitecture and compiler capabilities assumed, this study indicates that even without an advantage in clock speed multiscalar processors can outperform superscalar processors, over a large range of configurations for the SPEC CFP95 programs, but over only a small range for the SPEC CINT95 programs. However, a key limitation of this work is that it is unable to factor in the clock speed difference between multiscalar and superscalar processors expected in actual implementations.
Active liquid-like behavior of nucleoli determines their size and shape in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> oocytes (2011)

For most intracellular structures with larger than molecular dimensions, little is known about the connection between underlying molecular activities and higher order organization such as size and shape. Here, we show that both the size and shape of the amphibian oocyte nucleolus ultimately arise because nucleoli behave as liquid-like droplets of RNA and protein, exhibiting characteristic viscous fluid dynamics even on timescales of < 1 min. We use these dynamics to determine an apparent nucleolar viscosity, and we show that this viscosity is ATP-dependent, suggesting a role for active processes in fluidizing internal contents. Nucleolar surface tension and fluidity cause their restructuring into spherical droplets upon imposed mechanical deformations. Nucleoli exhibit a broad distribution of sizes with a characteristic power law, which we show is a consequence of spontaneous coalescence events. These results have implications for the function of nucleoli in ribosome subunit processing and provide a physical link between activity within a macromolecular assembly and its physical properties on larger length scales.
Role-based workflow model in SRS (2010)

This paper puts forward a new the role-based workflow model which is applicable to the shipping industry. Firstly based on the characteristics of SRS, we obtain the RBAC relational diagram which is applicable to SRS. Then combined this diagram and the traditional role-based workflow model, the new model was put forward. At last, from the mathematics view we describe the model in detail.
Protein Kinase C and A<sub>3</sub>Adenosine Receptor Activation Inhibit Presynaptic Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR) Function and Uncouple mGluRs from GTP-Binding Proteins (1998)

One of the most prominent roles of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the CNS is to serve as presynaptic receptors that inhibit transmission at glutamatergic synapses. Previous reports suggest that the presynaptic effect of group II mGluRs at corticostriatal synapses can be inhibited by activators of protein kinase C (PKC). We now report that activation of PKC inhibits the ability of group II and group III mGluRs to regulate transmission at three major synapses in the hippocampal formation. Thus, this effect may be a widespread phenomenon that occurs at glutamatergic synapses throughout the CNS. We also report that this response is not limited to PKC-activating phorbol esters but that activation of A3 adenosine receptors induces a PKC-dependent inhibition of group III mGluR function at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. In addition to inhibiting mGluR modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission, we found that activation of PKC reduces inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation by group II and group III mGluRs, suggesting that the effect of PKC on mGluR signaling is not specific to their effects on neurotransmitter release. This led us to test the hypothesis that PKC acts upstream from effector proteins regulated by mGluRs and acts at the level of the receptor or GTP-binding protein. Interestingly, we found that PKC inhibited mGluR-induced increases in [35S]-GTPgammaS binding in cortical synaptosomes. These data suggest that PKC-induced inhibition of mGluR signaling may be mediated by the inhibition of coupling of mGluRs to GTP-binding proteins.
Development and evaluation of a low thermal mass gas chromatograph for rapid forensic GC–MS analyses (2001)

Abstract Field as well as laboratory gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) systems are limited in several ways. Laboratory systems with air circulation ovens are bulky, power inefficient, and have a narrow range of temperature programming rates. Commercial field‐portable GC–MS systems are too heavy, and many are limited to isothermal column temperature control. A resistively heated low thermal mass (LTM) GC system has been developed that can overcome most of these limitations, offering laboratory‐level performance, or better, in a small, lightweight package. A prototype LTM GC was developed and evaluated in parallel with a commercial laboratory GC–MS used as a benchmark. A series of hydrocarbons, a Grob mixture, and a drug mixture critical pair of cocaine and nortriptyline were analyzed under different chromatographic conditions, and the performance of both systems was compared in terms of speed, efficiency, temperature control, resolution, precision, and power demand. The LTM GC was found to provide performance that was equivalent to the lab‐based commercial GC when conventional temperature ramp rates were used (up to 30°C/min). The LTM GC provided additional advantages over the conventional GC system in terms of positive or negative temperature ramping rates and range, cool‐down time reduction, and lower power requirements (1–5 W/m). This new GC system demonstrated a capability for a wider range of linear temperature programming rates providing analysts flexibility when performing established forensic methods. Method development and implementation of the LTM GC was successful in demonstrating GC analyses that are controllable, reproducible, and fieldable. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. * Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 288–301, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10011 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Plasmon- and phonon-assisted recombinations in germanium (1988)

We present a detailed theoretical calculation of the plasmon- and phonon-assisted recombination (PPAR) in Ge. We present results for PPAR as a function of carrier density and lattice temperature. Differences of recombination processes in Ge versus Si are particularly emphasized.
Evidence Of System: Part II (1978)

As there is legislative provision for the admission of evidence of system in Malaysia it would seem to be unnecessary for the courts to rely on English authorities. However as we have seen in the case of Public Prosecutor v Ong Kok Tan the Federal Court held that the principles laid down in Makin v Attorney General of New South Wales are embodied in section 15 of the Evidence Act. Similarly in the case of Datuk Haji Harun bin Haji Idris v Public Prosecutor Counsel for the appellant in his argument on the subject of evidence of system paraphrased the judgment in Makin's case.
Messenger RNA deadenylylation precedes decapping in mammalian cells (1997)

In yeast, the major mRNA degradation pathway is initiated by poly(A) tail shortening that triggers mRNA decapping. The mRNA is then degraded by 5'-to-3' exonucleolysis. In mammalian cells, even though poly(A) tail shortening also precedes mRNA degradation, the degradation pathway has not been elucidated. We have used a reverse transcription-PCR approach that relies on mRNA circularization to measure the poly(A) tail length of four mammalian mRNAs. This approach allows for the simultaneous analysis of the 5' and 3' ends of the same mRNA molecule. For all four mRNAs analyzed, this strategy permitted us to demonstrate the existence of small amounts of decapped mRNA species which have a shorter poly(A) tail than their capped counterparts. Kinetic analysis of one of these mRNAs indicates that the decapped species with a short poly(A) tail are mRNA degradation products. Therefore, our results indicate that decapping is preceded by a shortening of the poly(A) tail in mammalian cells, as it is in yeast, suggesting that this mRNA degradation pathway is conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution.
Characterization of a rat oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line UHG-RaC '93 induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide <i>in vivo</i> (1995)

This study describes several characteristics of a cell line, UHG-RaC '93 derived from rat oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The cell line was established from explant cultures without support of fibroblast feeder cells and continued for > 30 passages. UHG-RaC '93 had a high mitotic rate with a population doubling time of 25 h and a high rate of squame production. The first passage had a low colony-forming efficiency in agarose gel, whereas later passages did not grow at all in semi-solid medium. Phenotype selection was furthermore apparent from a gradual increase of the trypsin-detachment time. Cytogenetic analysis showed that UHG-RaC '93 was hypotetraploid with an average of 74 chromosomes. Abnormalities compared to the normal karyotype were assessed and consisted mainly of breakpoints at (1)(q5?3), (3)(p1), (3)(q11q23), (11)(p?11), (13)(p13) and a derivative (12)t(12;13)(q10;q10). The karyotype remained stable for at least 26 passages. The expression of typical epithelioid markers like cytokeratins and desmoglein corresponded with normal rat oral keratinocytes. However expression of alpha 6 beta 4-integrin was altered. Squame production, immunophenotype and anchorage dependency indicated that UHG-RaC '93 had the same features of a well-differentiated carcinoma with a low degree of agressiveness as the original tumour. The stable karyotype of this cell line provides a basis for further analysis of the effect of 4NQO on the genotype, phenotype and behaviour of rat oral keratinocytes.
A new method for the synthesis of 6<i>H</i>,11<i>H</i>‐indolo[3,2‐<i>c</i>]‐isoquinolin‐5‐ones/thiones and their reactions (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of 8‐substituted and unsubstituted 6 H ,11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]isoquinolin‐5‐ones/thiones 3a‐c and 4a‐c and their derivatives viz , ethyl (8‐substituted‐6 H ,11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]isoquinolin‐5‐on‐6‐yl)acetates 5a‐c , (8‐substituted‐6 H ,11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]isoquinolin‐5‐on‐6‐yl)acetyl hydrazides 6a‐c , 3,5‐disubstituted‐pyrazoles 7a‐c and 8a‐c , 3‐substituted‐pyrazol‐5‐ones 9a‐c and 5‐(8‐substituted‐6 H ,11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]isoquinolin‐5‐on‐6‐yl)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiones 10a‐c , also ethyl (8‐substituted‐11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]isoquinolin‐5‐ylthio)ace‐tates 11a‐c , (8‐substituted‐11 H indolo[3,2‐ c ]isoquinolin‐5‐ylthio)acetyl hydrazides 12a‐c , 3,5‐disubstituted‐pyrazoles 13a‐c and 14a‐c , 3‐substituted‐pyrazol‐5‐ones 15a‐c and 5‐(8‐substituted‐11 H ‐indolo[3,2‐ c ]isoquin‐olin‐5‐yl)thiomethyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiones 16a‐c is described.
Integration of in situ spectral ellipsometry with MMST machine control (1994)

The transformation of desired physical effects to process settings has been achieved through extensive use of appropriate in situ sensors for the MMST program. In situ sensors like an ellipsometer can be used to monitor film thicknesses as well as etch or growth rate in real time, and to determine endpoint time. This capability is opposed to conventional processing, which uses pilot wafers and ex situ statistical process control. In situ sensors enable real-time wafer-to-wafer compensation for equipment and process drifts and also diagnosis of equipment status for preventive maintenance. This paper discusses the use of a spectral ellipsometer (SE) developed at Texas Instruments and the issues involved in the integration of this SE to the machine control as well as to the factory-wide computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment for feedforward and feedback control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>