gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of membrane traffic by phosphoinositide 3-kinases (2006)

Phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinases control essential cellular functions such as cytoskeletal dynamics, signal transduction and membrane trafficking. FYVE, PX and PH domains mediate the binding of effector proteins to the lipid products of PI 3-kinases. Recent studies have provided significant insights into the roles of PI 3-kinases, their catalytic products and their downstream effectors in membrane trafficking. Class I and II PI 3-kinases trigger receptor-induced trafficking processes, such as phagocytosis, macropinocytosis and regulated exocytosis. Class I PI 3-kinases also function to inhibit autophagy. By contrast, class III PI 3-kinases mainly mediate receptor-independent trafficking events, which mostly are related to endocytic membrane traffic, phagosome maturation and autophagy.
Synthesis of 2′-Amino-LNA Purine Nucleosides (2006)

The first reported synthesis of 2'-amino-LNA purine nucleosides via a transnucleosidation is accomplished enabling the preparation of oligonucleotides incorporating 2'-amino-LNA with all four natural bases.
Frequency-directed run-length (FDR) codes with application to system-on-a-chip test data compression (2002)

We showed recently that Golomb codes can be used for efficiently compressing system-on-a-chip test data. We now present a new class of variable-to-variable-length compression codes that are designed using the distributions of the runs of 0s in typical test sequences. We refer to these as frequency-directed run-length (FDR) codes. We present experimental results for the ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits to show that FDR codes outperform Golomb codes for test data compression. We also present a decompression architecture for FDR codes, and an analytical characterization of the amount of compression that can be expected using these codes. Analytical results show that FDR codes are robust, i.e. they are insensitive to variations in the input data stream.
Converting data into information (1994)

Transforming data into information is a challenge to all professionals working in the quality arena. Reams of data do not provide the answers being sought to challenging questions. Several continuous quality improvement tools, including run charts, control charts, and Pareto charts, can be used to visually display data and provide further ideas for analysis. This article describes in detail when to use these tools and how to construct and use them. Examples from hospital settings further illustrate their benefit in converting data to information.
Close Is Not Enough (2000)

Is membrane fusion an essentially passive or an active process? It could be that fusion proteins simply need to pin two bilayers together long enough, and the bilayers could do the rest spontaneously. Or, it could be that the fusion proteins play an active role after pinning two bilayers, exerting force in the bilayer in one or another way to direct the fusion process. To distinguish these alternatives, we replaced one or both of the peptidic membrane anchors of exocytic vesicle (v)- and target membrane (t)-SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein [NSF] attachment protein [SNAP] receptor) with covalently attached lipids. Replacing either anchor with a phospholipid prevented fusion of liposomes by the isolated SNAREs, but still allowed assembly of trans-SNARE complexes docking vesicles. This result implies an active mechanism; if fusion occurred passively, simply holding the bilayers together long enough would have been sufficient. Studies using polyisoprenoid anchors ranging from 15-55 carbons and multiple phospholipid-containing anchors reveal distinct requirements for anchors of v- and t-SNAREs to function: v-SNAREs require anchors capable of spanning both leaflets, whereas t-SNAREs do not, so long as the anchor is sufficiently hydrophobic. These data, together with previous results showing fusion is inhibited as the length of the linker connecting the helical bundle-containing rod of the SNARE complex to the anchors is increased (McNew, J.A., T. Weber, D.M. Engelman, T.H. Sollner, and J.E. Rothman, 1999. Mol. Cell. 4:415-421), suggests a model in which one activity of the SNARE complex promoting fusion is to exert force on the anchors by pulling on the linkers. This motion would lead to the simultaneous inward movement of lipids from both bilayers, and in the case of the v-SNARE, from both leaflets.
Distorted and inequivalently charged<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>anions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Yb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2.75</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

Near-edge x-ray absorption measurements from single-phase ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2.75}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ establish that all of the Yb cations are divalent, meaning that the average negative formal charge of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ anions is 5.5. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Raman measurements also reveal that the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ anions are distorted in shape, despite their well-ordered local structure around the Yb cations. These findings are combined with a model to show that the charge transferred from Yb to ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is both anisotropically distributed on the anions and inequivalently partitioned among them within the unit cell. In the model, the inhomogeneously distributed transferred charge (which arises from the comparatively greater electron affinity of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ pentagonal faces) interacts strongly with the divalent cations and leads to significant anion distortions. The redistribution of transferred charge is traceable to the three crystallographically different types of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ anions that are surrounded by 8, 10, or 12 Yb cations, a situation similar to the inequivalently coordinated and charged O anions in the high-${T}_{c}$ compound ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}.$ Additional EXAFS and Raman data from ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2.75}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ heated above 670 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C show the removal of local order around the Yb cations and the production of an amorphous carbidic phase containing Yb(III). Our collective results, along with comparisons to analogous fulleride and organometallic compounds, provide insight into the distinctive structural features of ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2.75}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and its unique distribution of anion charge. They also have general implications for a variety of other metal-doped fullerides.
A mobile guide system framework for museums based on local location-aware approach (2011)

Location-aware applications based on local wireless networks, like Wi-Fi, RFID, are becoming more realistic and attractive for many research and commercial organizations in recent years. In this paper, we provide comprehensive analysis on key characteristics of museum mobile guide system with location-aware features, including related location technologies, context structures, and available system architecture firstly. Then the pervasive location-aware service software framework for museum mobile guide is presented, which adopts layered and plugins-based architecture. This framework enables the development of location-aware applications for mobile guide, in a way independent of localization technologies and make easy.
A Heuristic Model for Planning Corporate Financing (1975)

Mr. Powell is Manager, E.D.P. Services for MacMillan Bloedel Limited, Vancouver, British Columbia. He holds a BASc in chemical engineering from the University of British Columbia and an MBA from Simon Fraser University. Mr. Vergin is Professor of Economics and Commerce at Simon Fraser University. He holds a BA, MS and PhD in Business Administration from the University of Minnesota. He is the author of two books and numerous articles.
CZOCHRALSKI GROWTH OF LaAlO3 (1965)

Abstract : The program explores the possibility of growing high optical quality LaAlO3 by the Czochralski method. The techniques developed for ruby growth were found to be directly translatable to LaAlO3 with no apparent limitations imposed by the use of a crucible. Undoped and doped (Cr(3+), Eu(3+)) crystals of various orientations were grown. Two major defects were encountered: color centers and twinning. Color centers were eliminated by using high purity starting materials in combination with selected growth and post-growth treatment. Two mechanisms for forming color centers are proposed and their relation to LaAlO3 defect chemistry is discussed. The dominant twin planes have been identified to be those of the (100) system. Their relation to the crystal strucutre of LaAlO3 has been elucidated. Isolated attempts were made to grow BiAlO3 and PrAlO3 to determine if twinning might be a problem in these potential host compositions; other growth problems were encountered indicating that an answer could be obtained only by an extensive effort beyond the bounds of the present program.
Unsaturated Chlorosilanes (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnsaturated ChlorosilanesRobert E. Scott and Kurt C. FrischCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2599–2600Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A crystal-chemical study of Mg,Al and Ni,Al hydroxy-perchlorates and hydroxy-carbonates (1979)

Synthetic products of the form M,_,A1.(OH)rR;| . fHrO, with M : Mg,Ni and R : COr and/or ClOo have been prepared, with x ranging from about 0.33 to 0.20, by precipitation from mixed perchlorate solutions by addition of NaOH; the carbonate ion is present owing to solution of atmospheric CO2. The two kinds of anions show a strong tend€ncy to segregate into separate crystals or, under particular conditions, into separate layers within the same crystals, forming an alternating sequenoe of carbonate and perchlorate layers. Pure carbonate and pure perchlorate phases were obtained by anion exchange reactions. The parameter C, layer thickness, diminished with increase in Al3* ions due to increase in electrostatic attraction between positive layers and negative interlayers. The parameter a for a hexagonal cell also diminished with increase of Al3* ions because of their smaller size. The observed change Aa/L,x agrees semi-quantitatively with calculated values. Reasons are suggested for the range of Al3* ions which can substitute in mixed hydroxide phases and for the commsaly observed value of x = 0.25 in natural minerals, based on possible supercell arrangements of the Al3* and M2* ions.
Effect of Surface Type on the Flow Characteristics in Shale Nanopores (2021)

The underlying mechanism of shale gas migration behavior is of great importance to understanding the flow behavior and the prediction of shale gas flux. The slippage of the methane molecules on the surface is generally emphasized in nanopores in most predicted methods currently. In this work, we use molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to study the methane flow behavior in organic (graphene) and inorganic (quartz) nanopores with various pore size. It is observed that the slippage is obvious only on the graphene nanopores and disappeared on the quartz surface. Compared with the traditional Navier-Stokes equation combined with the no-slip boundary, the enhancement of the gas flux is nonnegligible in the graphene nanopores and could be neglected in the quartz nanopores. In addition, the flux contribution ratios of the adsorption layer, Knudsen layer, and the bulk gas are analyzed. In quartz nanopores, the contributions of the adsorption layer and the Knudsen layer are slight when the pore size is larger than 10 nm. It is also noted that even if the Knudsen number is the same, the flow mode may be various with the effect of the pore surface type. Our work should give molecular insights into gas migration mechanisms in organic and inorganic nanopores and provide important reference to the prediction of the gas flow in various types of shale nanopores.
Modeling the Tertiary Structure of RNA (1998)

INTRODUCTION In many ways, the past decade in molecular biology could be considered the RNA decade, ushered in, as it was, by the discovery of catalytic properties associated with RNA (Cech 1983; Guerrier-Takada et al. 1983). Whereas most discoveries of this era dealt with the function of RNA (as this volume so aptly demonstrates), judging from recent trends, major developments in the next decade will concern the structure of RNA. Everything is in place: X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are now applied as commonly to RNA as to proteins. Nevertheless, despite this optimistic scenario, the gap continues to grow between the number of new functional RNAs and bona fide RNA three-dimensional structures. It is to this gap that we pay homage in this review. What Is Modeling? Much work of the past 20–30 years has been devoted to the gathering of low-resolution data on the conformation of ribonucleic acids (McPheeters 1991). However, the full structural potential and utility of these data have often gone largely unrealized because of the inability to express them in an easily understandable format. Modern three-dimensional modeling, the process of combining, interpreting, and interpolating structural data, is the framework in which such an expression and synthesis can be made. Models serve to summarize and condense massive amounts of data into a visual, comprehensible format. The classic example of the Levitt model of tRNA is illustrative of this process (Levitt 1969). Levitt attempted to integrate the cloverleaf secondary structure, the U8.A14 base pair observed...
Maintaining control while delegating trust (2009)

We introduce the use, monitoring, and enforcement of integrity constraints in trust management-style authorization systems. We consider what portions of the policy state must be monitored to detect violations of integrity constraints. Then, we address the fact that not all participants in a trust-management system can be trusted to assist in such monitoring, and show how many integrity constraints can be monitored in a conservative manner so that trusted participants detect and report if the system enters a policy state from which evolution in unmonitored portions of the policy could lead to a constraint violation.
THE GROWTH OF BACTERIOPHAGE AND LYSIS OF THE HOST (1940)

1. A new strain of B. coli and of phage active against it is described, and the relation between phage growth and lysis has been studied. It has been found that the phage can lyse these bacteria in two distinct ways, which have been designated lysis from within and lysis from without. 2. Lysis from within is caused by infection of a bacterium by a single phage particle and multiplication of this particle up to a threshold value. The cell contents are then liberated into solution without deformation of the cell wall. 3. Lysis from without is caused by adsorption of phage above a threshold value. The cell contents are liberated by a distension and destruction of the cell wall. The adsorbed phage is not retrieved upon lysis. No new phage is formed. 4. The maximum yield of phage in a lysis from within is equal to the adsorption capacity. 5. Liberation of phage from a culture in which the bacteria have been singly infected proceeds at a constant rate, after the lapse of a minimum latent period, until all the infected bacteria are lysed. 6. If the bacteria are originally not highly in excess, this liberation is soon counterbalanced by multiple adsorption of the liberated phage to bacteria that are already infected. This leads to a reduction of the final yield.
Vehicular Networking in the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (2018)

Vehicles such as cars are expected to use communication technologies for retrieving different kinds of information and exchanging information with other vehicles for safety and infotainment purposes. This results in vehicular networks, where vehicles can connect to other vehicles or communication infrastructures such as Road Side Units. The Recursive Inter- Network Architecture (RINA) has been proposed as a Future Internet architecture. This paper investigates and analyses how vehicular networks can be supported by RINA and how a RINA based vehicular network architecture can be designed to support efficient management of mobile vehicles.
Current situation of part of golf clubs in Guangdong and development measures (2005)

The authors investigated the current situation of 8 golf clubs such as Zhizhun Village Golf Club in Fangcun Guangzhou,Lihu Golf Club in Zengcheng,Biguiyuan Golf Club in Junan Shunde, and Gold Holiday Village in Zhaoqing,in terms of business nature,investment scale,capital invested,floor area,number of employees,business items and service prices,operator's judgment on business prospect and what development stage the enterprise is currently in,and measures taken during operation by the clubs to enhance their competition strength,etc.The authors considered that outdated consuming consciousness,expensive consumption,high tax rate,the lack of professionals,inadequate promotion,inferior capability to manufacture associated machinery,and not well standardized market operation are the factors that restrict the development of golf clubs in Guangdong,and offered proposals such as speeding up the development of golf industry associated machinery in our country,etc.
A software-only videocodec using pixelwise conditional differential replenishment and perceptual enhancements (1999)

Designing a videocodec involves a four-way tradeoff among computational complexity, data rate, picture quality, and latency. Rapid advancement in very large-scale integration technology has provided CPUs with enough power to accommodate a software-only videocodec. Accordingly, computational complexity has resurfaced as a major element in this tradeoff. With a view toward significantly reducing computational complexity relative to standards-based videocodecs, we introduce a pixelwise conditional differential replenishment scheme to compress video via perception-sensitive decomposition of difference frames into a facsimile map and an intensity vector. Our schemes, which apply techniques from facsimile, are transform free. Some of them also involve no motion compensation and hence are completely free of block-based artifacts and particularly computationally economical. The fusion of our facsimile-based video-coding schemes and spatio-temporal perceptual-coding techniques facilitates powerful software-only video conferencing on today's medium- and highend personal computers. Indeed, assuming that a frame-capture driver has been provided, our motion-compensation-free approach has yielded a software-only, full-duplex, full-color videoconferencing system that conveys high-quality, CIF/Q-NTSC-sized video at 30 frames per second on 200-MHz Pentium PCs sending less than 300 Kbps in each direction. We also present new spatio-temporal compression techniques for perceptual coding of video. These techniques, motivated by the classical psychological experiments that led to formulation of the Weber-Fechner law, allow videocodec systems to capitalize on properties of the human visual system. Some of our spatiotemporal perceptual techniques not only apply to our proprietary pixelwise conditional differential replenishment schemes that we describe for video conferencing but also can readily be incorporated into today's popular video standards.
European Programme on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies (EPEFE)-Heavy Duty Diesel Study (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Within EPEFE the relationship between exhaust emissions of five 1996 heavy duty engines including advanced technologies and an eleven diesel fuel matrix has been investigated. The fuel matrix was designed to study the effects of decorrelated fuel properties (density, polyaromatics, cetane number, back-end volatility (T95)).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The main programme consisted of engine testing on the 88/77 EEC test cycle at standard engine settings. The findings were quantified using regression equations and showed, that fuel effects varied in both magnitude and direction between the four emission components. Individual engines had different emission levels and responded differently to fuel properties, due to engine technology.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Additional tests were conducted with selected fuels at adjusted engine settings and timing. The observed density effect on emissions can be compensated for and fully explained by physical interactions with the injection system. A carefully combined optimisation of engine and fuel technologies can lead to a reduction in emissions combined with smaller losses in fuel consumption.</div>
Substituent effects on <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>1</sup>H chemical shifts in 3‐benzylidene‐2,4‐pentanediones (1982)

Abstract Substituent effects on the 13 C and 1 H chemical shifts have been studied for derivatives of 3‐benzylidene‐2, 4‐pentanedione. A significant correlation has been found between chemical shifts of the Z carbonyl group (C‐2) and Hammett constants, while no correlation has been found for the E carbonyl group (C‐4). Attempts have been made to determine the structural factors which influence these effects. The conformation of 3‐benzylidene‐2, 4‐pentanediones has been determined by 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
Short- and Long-Term Success of Substrate-Based Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (2005)

Substrate-based ablation of VT in ARVD can achieve a good short-term success rate. However, recurrences become increasingly common during long-term follow-up.