gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FPGA-Based Soft Vector Processors (2009)

FPGAs are increasingly used to implement embedded digital systems because of their low time-to-market and low costs compared to integrated circuit design, as well as their superior performance and area over a general purpose microprocessor. However, the hardware design necessary to achieve this superior performance and area is very difficult to perform causing long design times and preventing wide-spread adoption of FPGA technology. The amount of hardware design can be reduced by employing a microprocessor for less-critical computation in the system. Often this microprocessor is implemented using the FPGA reprogrammable fabric as a soft processor which can preserve the benefits of a single-chip FPGA solution without specializing the device with dedicated hard processors. Current soft processors have simple architectures that provide performance adequate for only the least-critical computations. \nOur goal is to improve soft processors by scaling their performance and expanding their suitability to more critical computation. To this end we focus on the data parallelism found in many embedded applications and propose that soft processors be augmented with vector extensions to exploit this parallelism. We support this proposal through experimentation with a parameterized soft vector processor called VESPA (Vector Extended Soft Processor Architecture) which is designed, implemented, and evaluated on real FPGA hardware. \nThe scalability of VESPA combined with several other architectural parameters can be used to finely span a large design space and derive a custom architecture for exactly matching the needs of an application. Such customization is a key advantage for soft processors since their architectures can be easily reconfigured by the end-user. Specifically, customizations can be made to the pipeline, functional units, and memory system within VESPA. In addition, general purpose overheads can be automatically eliminated from VESPA. \nComparing VESPA to manual hardware design, we observe a 13x speed advantage for hardware over our fastest VESPA, though this is significantly less than the 500x speed advantage over scalar soft processors. The performance-per-area of VESPA is also observed to be significantly higher than a scalar soft processor suggesting that the addition of vector extensions makes more efficient use of silicon area for data parallel workloads.
Evaluation of the selectivity of In vitro probes and suitability of organic solvents for the measurement of human cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities. (1998)

There is a need for methodology to predict clinically significant drug-drug interactions so that clinical studies can be directed toward interactions which are likely to be clinically relevant. To this end, we evaluated selective assays for the seven drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (P450) isozymes 1A2 (caffeine N3-demethylation), 2A6 (coumarin 7-hydroxylation), 2C9 (tolbutamide hydroxylation), 2C19 (S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation), 2D6 (dextromethorphan O-demethylation), 2E1 (chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation), and 3A4/5 (dextromethorphan N-demethylation). Using initial rate conditions, we determined the Km and Vmax values of each reaction in human liver microsomes from three individuals. Because organic solvents (usually methanol) are frequently used as solubilization aids for drugs/inhibitors, we also screened several solvents for inhibitory activity. Methanol was the least inhibitory toward P450s 2A6, 2D6, and 3A4, dimethylformamide was the least inhibitory toward P450s 1A2 and 2C9, and acetonitrile was the least inhibitory toward P450s 2C19 and 2E1. Using substrate concentrations close to the determined Km and an appropriate solvent (where necessary), we used the selective inhibitors furafylline (1A2), 8-methoxypsoralen (2A6), sulfaphenazole (2C9), S-mephenytoin (2C19), quinidine (2D6), diethyldithiocarbamate (2E1), and troleandomycin (3A4) to assess the limitations of each probe assay as an indicator of the P450 isoform in question. Our results were consistent with these inhibitors and probes, being selective tools for studying P450 drug metabolism.
Changing Faces of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment Effects by Cluster Designation in the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort (2018)

OSA treatment response patterns differed by initial clinical phenotype and PAP adherence. Individuals with insomnia-related symptoms may require additional targeted therapy for these complaints. These findings underscore the need for a personalized approach to management that recognizes patients with a range of OSA presentations.
Cocaine-induced dendritic spine formation in D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons in nucleus accumbens (2006)

Psychostimulant-induced alteration of dendritic spines on dopaminoceptive neurons in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been hypothesized as an adaptive neuronal response that is linked to long-lasting addictive behaviors. NAcc is largely composed of two distinct subpopulations of medium-sized spiny neurons expressing high levels of either dopamine D1 or D2 receptors. In the present study, we analyzed dendritic spine density after chronic cocaine treatment in distinct D1 or D2 receptor-containing medium-sized spiny neurons in NAcc. These studies made use of transgenic mice that expressed EGFP under the control of either the D1 or D2 receptor promoter (Drd1-EGFP or Drd2-EGFP). After 28 days of cocaine treatment and 2 days of withdrawal, spine density increased in both Drd1-EGFP- and Drd2-EGFP-positive neurons. However, the increase in spine density was maintained only in Drd1-EGFP-positive neurons 30 days after drug withdrawal. Notably, increased DeltaFosB expression also was observed in Drd1-EGFP- and Drd2-EGFP-positive neurons after 2 days of drug withdrawal but only in Drd1-EGFP-positive neurons after 30 days of drug withdrawal. These results suggest that the increased spine density observed after chronic cocaine treatment is stable only in D1-receptor-containing neurons and that DeltaFosB expression is associated with the formation and/or the maintenance of dendritic spines in D1 as well as D2 receptor-containing neurons in NAcc.
Systematic assignment of thermodynamic constraints in metabolic network models (2006)

Although not being fully comprehensive, our algorithm for systematic reaction direction assignment could define a significant number of irreversible reactions automatically with low computational effort. We envision that the presented algorithm is a valuable part of a computational framework that assists the automated reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic models.
Sur les formes de propriété dissociée à l'époque contemporaine (1995)

À Milan au début du XIXe siècle, l’emphytéose accélère le transfert de propriété de l’Église vers la société civile en permettant de dégager de l’argent frais pour de nouveaux projets urbanistiques. Pour dépasser toute analyse sommaire des mouvements, il faut avoir recours aux archives notariales. On constate d'abord qu’il existe une espèce d’arithmétique au sein des sphères de propriété utile ou éminente : les biens semblent presque interchangeables, ce qui témoigne de la grande flexibilité de l’emphytéose. La propriété dissociée apparaît en outre à l’époque comme une forme vivante générant des rapports sociaux complexes. En échange de la jouissance totale du devenir de l’immeuble, l’emphytéote est soumis à des conditions drastiques et à des charges économiquement lourdes. En revanche, l’analyse du Code universel autrichien témoigne de l’évolution d’une telle situation puisque le propriétaire utile devient alors libre de vendre son bien. Avec la Restauration autrichienne, débute donc un mouvement qui conduira à la quasi-disparition de la propriété dissociée urbaine à la fin du XIXe siècle.
Target normal sheath acceleration: theory, comparison with experiments and future perspectives (2010)

Ions can be effectively accelerated during the interaction of an ultra-intense ultra-short laser pulse irradiating a thin solid target via the so-called target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. One of the pivotal questions at this stage of the research is how to predict the properties of the accelerated ions, both from a fundamental point of view and in the light of foreseen applications. In this context, it is desirable to have a simple but reliable description to be used to extrapolate current results to future regimes, which will be made available in the near future, thanks to developments in laser technology. In this paper, the possible approaches for an analytical description of TNSA are discussed, and a theoretical TNSA model is developed. This model is then used to investigate the maximum ion energy as a function of laser parameters. Detailed comparisons with available experimental data and scaling laws are presented. In particular, the relative role played by both the laser pulse energy and irradiance in determining the ion features is investigated.
Progress in orientation-patterned GaP for next-generation nonlinear optical devices (2013)

Orientation-patterned GaP is a promising nonlinear material for frequency conversion in the mid and longwave IR (2-5 μm and 8-12 μm) by quasi-phase matching. As an alternative to OPGaAs, OPGaP has the advantage of having lower two-photon absorption in the convenient pumping range 1 – 1.7 μm. We report recent results on development of thick QPM GaP for high power tunable laser sources radiating in the mid IR. Two are the major challenges to producing OPGaP: development of simple techniques for preparation of patterned templates and a technology for fast epitaxial growth of thick, high quality GaP on these templates. The focus was to adapt/simplify the wafer fusion process for OPGaP template preparation. Then increase the growth rate and layer thickness of regrown material, while maintaining vertical domain propagation. The growth experiments were conducted in a horizontal quartz reactor, using a standard hydride vapor phase epitaxial process. The growth was performed on: (i) plain (100) GaP; (ii) half-patterned (HP) and (iii) orientation-patterned (OP) templates, fabricated on (100) GaP. Up to 370 μm thick layers with high crystal and optical quality were reproducibly grown on plain material. Growth on HP templates resulted in up to 470 μm thick layers with rectangular mesa‟s shape. These results were used to determine the optimal substrate and pattern orientations. HVPE growth on OP templates achieved stable growth rates of 50-70 μm/h with domain walls propagating vertically, following the periodicity of the initial pattern, and resulted in the first 350 μm thick device quality OPGaP.
Singlet molecular oxygen generation from the decomposition of sodium peroxotungstate and sodium peroxomolybdate (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSinglet molecular oxygen generation from the decomposition of sodium peroxotungstate and sodium peroxomolybdateQ. J. Niu and C. S. FooteCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 16, 3472–3476Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00042a025Request reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (517 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iris von Roten: The 1950s - The Work - The Author (2008)

PART ONE ASPECTS OF AN IDENTITY Postscript to Frauen im Laufgitter Bern: efef Verlag, 1996 The 1950s Iris von Roten wrote her epochal work Frauen im Laufgitter (Women in the Playpen) in the 1950s. Growth of industry and increasing prosperity marked the times, and the Unites States had emerged victorious from the war. The American life style had gained model status also for the role assigned to women and mothers; the change, however, was only superficial. The new housewife was young, uncomplicated, spontaneous, and she knew how to handle daily chores with amazing ease. Refrigerators as well as canned and soon also frozen foods made preparing meals easier, and vacuum cleaners, washing machines, easy care furniture, and airy apartments lightened the daily household chores. In the private sphere a newly evolved sex appeal of women was manifested by the pert half-apron or the Kasak, edging out the old fashioned linen apron. Although sleeveless dresses and decolletes in front or back suggested freer morals, the principle of marital fidelity was upheld and sexuality was hardly discussed or questioned, being considered an "intimate" private matter between spouses. The concerns of mothers and housewives centered on child rearing, the garden, and the general atmosphere of the household. The professional career of the husband and the education of the children were paramount since only these guaranteed social and material advancement. Women who advocated their political and legal equality were a small minority and mostly over forty. They could be ridiculed with impunity and mocked as frustrated old spinsters.
Reaction of 1,3‐Dialkyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidenes with 2‐Bromo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1<i>H</i>‐1,3,2‐diazaboroles (Alkyl=<i>i</i>Pr and <i>t</i>Bu) (1997)

Abstract 2‐Bromo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐1,3,2‐diazaboroles ( 3a – c ) were synthesized by cyclocondensation of dilithiated 1,4‐diazabutadienes ( 5a – c ) with boron tribromide in hexane. 3a was also obtained by sodium amalgam reduction was conducted in ether solvents, diboroxane ( 2 ) resulted as the main product. Compound 3a and 1,3‐dialkyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol2‐ylidenes ( 6a, b ) underwent halide displacement to afford the borolylimidazolium salts 7a, b . Compounds 2, 3a – c , and 7a, b were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods ( 1 H, 11 B, 13 C NMR; Ir; MS). The molecular structures of 2 and 7a were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Fatty Fish Intake Decreases Lipids Related to Inflammation and Insulin Signaling—A Lipidomics Approach (2009)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00720655.
Joint Communication and Sensing: 5G NR Compliant Ranging Using the Sounding Reference Signal (2022)

In this work, a proof of concept for 5G-compliant user-equipment side sensing is presented. It is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing radar-based ranging which is realized in this work by using the sounding reference signal from the 5G New Radio standard. The signal configuration and thus the corresponding waveform is generated in compliance with the existing 3rd Generation Partnership Project standard for 5G. It is an uplink physical signal and is originally intended, amongst others, for channel estimation. The used model is introduced, followed by the sounding reference signal. This leads to a first proof of concept by presenting simulation and measurement results. We show, that a range estimation error in the order of centimeters is achievable.
Real-Time Collision- Free Trajectory Optimization of Robot Manipulators via Semi-Infinite Parameter Optimization (1998)

Real-time collision-free trajectory control is dealt with by semi- infinite optimization techniques. This allows an optimal control problem incorporating a robotlobstacle distance function for col lision detection to be reduced to a finite-dimensional parameter- optimization problem. This reduced problem can be solved effi ciently by the numerical parameter-optimization method of sequen tial quadratic programming. In the case of a time-varying robot environment, a series of such optimization problems is solved in an iterative time frame, constituting a real-time optimization loop.
Multiphase Water-in-Oil Emulsion Droplets for Cell-Free Transcription–Translation (2014)

The construction of genetically encoded cellular mimics in compartments containing organized synthetic cytosols is desirable for the development of artificial cells. Phase separated aqueous domains were placed within water-in-oil emulsion droplets in a manner compatible with transcription and translation machinery. Aqueous two-phase and three-phase systems (ATPS and A3PS) were assembled with dextran, poly(ethylene glycol), and Ficoll. Aqueous two-phase systems were capable of supporting the cell-free expression of protein within water droplets, whereas the aqueous three-phase-based system did not give rise to detectable protein synthesis. The expressed protein preferentially partitioned to the dextran-enriched phase. The system could serve as a foundation for building cellular mimics with liquid organelles.
Protein SUMOylation is Massively Increased in Hibernation Torpor and is Critical for the Cytoprotection Provided by Ischemic Preconditioning and Hypothermia in SHSY5Y Cells (2006)

Hibernation torpor provides an excellent natural model of tolerance to profound reductions in blood flow to the brain and other organs. Here, we report that during torpor of 13-lined ground squirrels, massive SUMOylation occurs in the brain, liver, and kidney. The level of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) conjugation coincides with the expression level of Ubc9, the SUMO specific E2-conjugating enzyme. Hypothermia alone also increased SUMO conjugation, but not as markedly as hibernation torpor. Increased SUMO conjugation (induced by Ubc9 overexpression, ischemic preconditioning (PC)+/-hypothermia) was necessary and sufficient for tolerance of SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) ('in vitro ischemia'); decreased SUMO conjugation (induced by a dominant-negative Ubc9) severely reduced tolerance to OGD in these cells. These data indicate that post-translational modification of proteins by SUMOylation is a prominent feature of hibernation torpor and is critical for cytoprotection by ischemic PC+/-hypothermia in SHSY5Y cells subjected to OGD.
Dimensional-model Studies of Oil-field Behavior (1942)

This paper states the theory underlying the design of two kinds ofdimensionally scaled models of parts of idealized oil fields. One of thesesimulates an oil well and its surrounding sand for a distance of 16 ft.radially from the well. The other model simulates linear flow through layeredsands. Construction and operation of the models are described and typical dataare given. The unique features in the design of the models are:thetreatment of the permeability-viscosity quotient as a single variable andthe use of previously reported experimentally developed relations betweenrelative permeability and saturation and capillary pressure, saturation, porosity, permeability and interfacial tension. The models at present simulateflow of oil and water only, through unconsolidated sands. They are superior tounscaled models, which may give rise to erroneous conclusions. The models aredesigned to study the desirability of various methods of well completion andthe effects of various factors on recovery of oil from layered sands. Introduction Recent work on the fundamental behavior of flowing mixtures of fluids insands has resulted in the development of some new theory in this field, much ofwhich has been presented in previous papers. However, the application of thistheory to the behavior of oil wells or oil fields has proved too complicatedfor ordinary mathematical techniques, except in very highly simplified cases. Apractical solution to this problem appears, therefore, to lie in the use ofdimensionally scaled models of elements of oil fields. The object of this paper is, first, to present the theoretical andexperimental basis of the design of such models, and, second, to describe theirconstruction and operation. Experiments now under way on the models alreadybuilt will yield material for other reports, which will be devoted tointerpretation of the results in terms of oil-field behavior. So far, simple dimensional models of two kinds have been built and are beingoperated. These models represent different parts of an idealized oil field butobey the same underlying theory. The only fluids represented are oil and water, since certain questionable approximations are necessary for gas-liquidsystems. T.P. 1413
Learning humanoid soccer actions interleaving simulated and real data (2007)

Abstract — This paper presents an approach for learning complex tasks on real robots, like walking or kicking in a humanoid soccer robot, profiting at most from the possibility to run simulations of a virtual model of the robot. This approach avoids to damage the real robot in the time consuming trials needed to learn a correct behavior and avoids to overfit the virtual robot model. The basic idea is to run most of the learning steps in simulation and to use a few learning steps on the real robot to assess discrepancies between the simulation and the reality. The calculated discrepancies are used to correct the fitness function used in simulation. Experiments on interleaving the learning between a real robot (Robovie-M by VStone) and its virtual model in USARSim are presented. They show that the proposed method is effective and significantly reduces learning time. I.
[Cloning and characterization of D-113 gene promoter from cotton]. (2002)

To study the expression of late embryogenesis abundant gene in seeds, the 1,024 bp 5' flanking sequence of D-113 gene, a late embryogenesis abundant gene of Gossypium hirsutum cv. Coker 312, was cloned by PCR. The similarity compared with the sequence of Lea protein gene family published was 92.50%. There are three putative ABREs and one enhancer-like which riches A/T in the promoter. The promoter was fused to the beta-glucuronidase gene to form pLD II. Via a particle bombardment, pLD II was introduced into embryogenic calli of cotton and seeds of Brassica napus which were all treated with abscisic acid for 3d before bombardment, also into roots, stems and leafs of cotton. Transient expression was measured histochemically as spot number 24 h after bombardment. GUS sexpression was observed in the seeds of Brassica napus and the embryogenic calli of cotton, but not found in roots and leaves of cotton. Those results indicated that the expression of D-113 gene promoter was embryo specific.
Neurodegenerative disorders : mechanisms and prospects for therapy : report of the Dahlem Workshop on New Biological Approaches to Neurological Disorders : Pathogenesis and Treatment, Berlin 1990, August 5-10 (1991)

Partial table of contents: Implications of Nematode Neuronal Cell Death for Human Neurological Disorders (H. Horvitz & M. Chalfie). The Role of Calcium in Cell Death (B. Siesj?). Amyloid: Cause or Effect in Alzheimer's Disease (C. Masters & K. Beyreuther). Are Prion Diseases Useful Models for the Study of Common Neurodegenerative Disorders? (S. Prusiner). Cell Differentiation, Axon Guidance, and Target Recognition in Vertebrate Neural Development: A Brief Overview (T. Jessell & J. Dodd). Neurotrophins: A Group of Structurally Related Proteins Supporting the Survival of Neurons (K. Bailey, et al.). Neurite Growth Inhibitors in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System (M. Schwab, et al.). Gene Replacement Therapy: Strategies and Progress (D. Cournoyer & C. Caskey). Targeted Gene Expression in Transgenic Animals (J. Julien). Intracerebral Implantation of Genetically Modified Cells (F. Gage). Author Index. Subject Index.
Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils (1989)

Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils , Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی