gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Isomeric Unsymmetrical Benzoins (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Isomeric Unsymmetrical BenzoinsSanford S. JenkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 7, 3048Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01334a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01334a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anti-inflammatory Neolignans from <i>Piper </i><i>k</i><i>adsura</i> (2006)

Two new neolignans, piperkadsin A (1) and piperkadsin B (2), as well as 11 known neolignans, three known alkaloids, the highly oxygenated compound (+)-crotepoxide, and stigmasterol were isolated from the stems of Piper kadsura. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1, 2, futoquinol (3), piperlactam S (4), and N-p-coumaroyl tyramine (5) showed potent inhibition of PMA-induced ROS production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils with IC(50) values 4.3 +/-1.0, 12.2 +/- 3.2, 13.1 +/- 5.3, 7.0 +/- 1.9, and 8.4 +/- 1.3 microM, respectively.
Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles in Ultrasonic Vibration-Induced Nanodroplets of Isopropyl Alcohol in Combination with Ionic Liquids (2011)

Silver nanoparticles (<10 nm) were prepared in ultrasonic vibration-induced nanodroplets of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in combination with hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The Ag-precursor used were silver (I) complex, Ag<TEX>$_2$</TEX>(ehac)<TEX>$_2$</TEX>(eha)<TEX>$_2$</TEX> (ehac = 2-ethylhexylammonium carbamate; eha = 2-ethylhexylamine), in IPA, while 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids bearing <TEX>$SbF_6^-$</TEX>, <TEX>$PF_6^-$</TEX> and <TEX>$NTf_2^-$</TEX> as counter anions were used as RTILs. During sonication for 10-90 min at room temperature, uniform silver nanoparticles with mean sizes of 2 to 8 nm were rapidly synthesized. Transmission electron micrographs also confirmed that silver nanoparticles have a spherical shape and diverse sizes depending on the reaction time (10-90 min).
Synthesis and Structure of Binuclear Single‐Bridged Bis[(phosphane)gold(I)]halogenonium Complexes (1997)

Abstract Reactions of (R 3 P)AuX (X = Cl, Br, I) with [(R 3 P)Au] + BF − 4 obtained from (R 3 P)AuCl and AgBF 4 in tetrahydrofuran, lead to cationic binuclear gold(I) complexes of the general formula ([(R 3 P)Au] 2 X} + BF − 4 . A number of chloro‐ (R = Ph, o ‐Tol, Mes, Bzl, Et), bromo‐ (R = Ph, o ‐Tol, Mes) and iodo‐bridged (R = Ph, Mes) complexes of this type have been isolated and identified on the basis of their analytical and spectroscopic data. The crystal structure of bis[(triphenylphosphane)gold(I)]bromonium tetrafluoroborate was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The cations contain two‐coordinate bromine atoms with an Au‐Br‐Au angle of 96.83(3)°.
Structured querying of web text (2007)

The Web contains a huge amount of text that is currently beyond the reach of structured access tools. This unstructured data often contains a substantial amount of implicit structure, much of which can be captured using information extraction (IE) algorithms. By combining an IE system with an appropriate data model and query language, we could enable structured access to all of the Web’s unstructured data. We propose a general-purpose query system called the extraction database, or ExDB, which supports SQL-like structured queries over Web text. We also describe the technical challenges involved, motivated in part by our experiences with an early 90M-page prototype.
Three-phase distribution OPF in smart grids: Optimality versus computational burden (2011)

Existing Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) solution methods and commercially available solvers lack computational efficiency and robustness in solving three-phase Distribution Optimal Power Flow (DOPF) programs, given the large number of continuous and integer variables encountered in practical sized systems. A heuristic approach to solve this problem was proposed by the authors, in which a compromise is made on optimality in order to reduce the computational burden. In the present work, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based method is applied to determine the optimal solution to the three-phase DOPF problem, and is compared with the heuristic solution in terms of both optimality and computational burden. Two distribution feeders, namely, the IEEE 13-node feeder and a practical feeder from Hydro One are used for these comparisons. The results show that the GA-based method yields superior solutions in terms of optimality but at a rather large computational cost, making it unsuitable for practical implementation. The heuristic method is shown to yield solutions reasonably close to the global optima at a significantly reduced computational burden, demonstrating that the heuristic solution method has the potential to improve distribution system operation in practical real-time applications.
TaN interface properties and electric field cycling effects on ferroelectric Si-doped HfO2 thin films (2015)

Ferroelectric HfO2-based thin films, which can exhibit ferroelectric properties down to sub-10 nm thicknesses, are a promising candidate for emerging high density memory technologies. As the ferroelectric thickness continues to shrink, the electrode-ferroelectric interface properties play an increasingly important role. We investigate the TaN interface properties on 10 nm thick Si-doped HfO2 thin films fabricated in a TaN metal-ferroelectric-metal stack which exhibit highly asymmetric ferroelectric characteristics. To understand the asymmetric behavior of the ferroelectric characteristics of the Si-doped HfO2 thin films, the chemical interface properties of sputtered TaN bottom and top electrodes are probed with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ta-O bonds at the bottom electrode interface and a significant presence of Hf-N bonds at both electrode interfaces are identified. It is shown that the chemical heterogeneity of the bottom and top electrode interfaces gives rise to an internal electric field, which causes the as-grown ferroelectric domains to preferentially polarize to screen positively charged oxygen vacancies aggregated at the oxidized bottom electrode interface. Electric field cycling is shown to reduce the internal electric field with a concomitant increase in remanent polarization and decrease in relative permittivity. Through an analysis of pulsed transient switching currents, back-switching is observed in Si-doped HfO2 thin films with pinched hysteresis loops and is shown to be influenced by the internal electric field.
A self-organized, fault-tolerant and scalable replication scheme for cloud storage (2010)

Failures of any type are common in current datacenters, partly due to the higher scales of the data stored. As data scales up, its availability becomes more complex, while different availability levels per application or per data item may be required. In this paper, we propose a self-managed key-value store that dynamically allocates the resources of a data cloud to several applications in a cost-efficient and fair way. Our approach offers and dynamically maintains multiple differentiated availability guarantees to each different application despite failures. We employ a virtual economy, where each data partition (i.e. a key range in a consistent-hashing space) acts as an individual optimizer and chooses whether to migrate, replicate or remove itself based on net benefit maximization regarding the utility offered by the partition and its storage and maintenance cost. As proved by a game-theoretical model, no migrations or replications occur in the system at equilibrium, which is soon reached when the query load and the used storage are stable. Moreover, by means of extensive simulation experiments, we have proved that our approach dynamically finds the optimal resource allocation that balances the query processing overhead and satisfies the availability objectives in a cost-efficient way for different query rates and storage requirements. Finally, we have implemented a fully working prototype of our approach that clearly demonstrates its applicability in real settings.
Colorimetric Detection of Spermine by the Cu<sup>II</sup> Complex of Imine‐Based Organic Nanoaggregates in Aqueous Medium (2015)

Abstract A Schiff‐base receptor bearing different functionalities was synthesized from dipicolinic acid hydrazide and characterized with several spectroscopic techniques. To explore its practical application as a sensor, the receptor was processed into organic nanoaggregates ( O1 ) in aqueous medium by the reprecipitation method. The O1 nanoaggregates were characterized by techniques such as dynamic light scattering and TEM, and their recognition properties for metal ions were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The nanoaggregates showed selectivity for Cu 2+ over other metal ions. The structure of the complex O1· Cu 2+ thus formed was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Complex O1· Cu 2+ was further employed as a sensor for detection of biogenic amines in aqueous medium, and showed selective sensing of spermine with a detection limit of 7.62 n M . The color change on addition of spermine to the complex can be seen with the naked eye. Moreover, stability in the physiological pH range and negligible effect of ionic environment provided the opportunity for real‐time application of the sensor in aqueous medium.
Waiting times in quality of experience for web based services (2012)

A considerable share of applications such as web or e-mail browsing, online picture viewing and file downloads imply waiting times for their users, which is due to the turn-taking of information requests by the user and correspoding response times until each request is fulfilled. Thus, end-user quality perception in the context of interactive data services is dominated by waiting times; the longer the latter, the less satisfied the user becomes. As opposed to heavily researched multimedia experience, perception of waiting times is still not strongly explored in the context of Quality of Experience (QoE). This tutorial will contribute to closing this gap. In its first part, it addresses perception principles and discusses their applicability towards fundamental relationships between waiting times and resulting QoE. It then investigates to which extent the same relationships can also be used to describe QoE for more complex services such as web browsing. Finally, it discusses applications where waiting times determine QoE, amongst other factors. For example, the past shift from UDP media streaming to TCP media streaming (e.g. youtube.com) has extended the relevance of waiting times also to the domain of online video services. In particular, user-perceived quality suffers from initial delays when applications are launched, as well as from freezes during the delivery of the stream. These aspects, which have to be traded against each other to some extent, will be discussed mainly for HTTP video streaming in the last part of this tutorial.
What will collection developers do (1995)

What would collection developers do in the absence of local collections? Collection developers partition the universe of documents, privileging selected documents for acquisition and retention. Their selections of documents, based on expected demand and perceived value, direct the actions of technical services staff. A comparable selective privileging of documents, based on demand and value, and a similar direction of a reoriented technical services activity appears needed with networked electronic resources. Collection developers will be needed for value-based privileging more than for demand-based decisions.
Determination of Anesthetic Requirement in Rats (1974)

Estimates of anesthetic requirement based on inspired anesthetic gas concentrations assume equilibration with alveolar, and consequently brain, anesthetic gas tensions. This assumption may be rendered invalid by the solubility of the anesthetic agent and its effects on ventilation. To test this assumption, ED50 values of anesthesia using halothane and a less soluble anesthetic, isoflurane, were determined in rats with and without tracheostomies. Alveolar ED50 or MAC for halothane and isoflurane were 1.11 ± 0.03 per cent and 1.38 ± 0.02 per cent, respectively. Inspired ED50 values 2–3 hours after induction in non-tracheostomized rats were 14 and 17 per cent greater, respectively, than alveolar ED50 values 2–3 hours following tracheostomy during halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in the same animals. These data demonstrate that previous studies in which the anesthetic requirement for halothane was determined using inspired gas samples are inaccurate. Inspired ED50 values for halothane and isoflurane in rats without tracheostomies were 2 and 11 per cent greater, respectively, than inspired ED50 values in the same animals with tracheostomies. Even after 3 hours of anesthesia in tracheostomized rats, measurements of inspired-to-alveolar differences in anesthetic gas tension revealed 9 and 3 per cent differences for halothane and isoflurane, respectively. Thus, the use of inspired concentration for this purpose in rats should be limited to inhalation anesthetics with low blood–gas partition coefficients and with minimal effects on ventilation. A moderately or highly soluble anesthetic agent or one which results in significant respiratory depression necessitates the direct measurement of “alveolar” anesthetic gas tension to determine anesthetic requirement.
Effects of propranolol on atherogenesis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. (1985)

These studies have examined the effects of dl-propranolol, d-propranolol, and metoprolol on aortic atherogenesis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit and have correlated the vascular effects of the drugs with their influence on blood pressure, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, arterial metabolism, and arterial permeability. dl-Propranolol, and, to a lesser extent, d-propranolol, used in clinically relevant doses of 5 mg/kg body weight per day, inhibited the development of aortic atherosclerosis in association with significant reductions in aortic free and esterified cholesterol content. No significant effects of the drugs on blood pressure or on the total amounts or types of circulating lipoproteins were apparent. Accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and adrenal gland was not influenced by propranolol. Aortic acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and lysosomal enzyme activities were reduced by propranolol administration, but the inhibition may have been secondary to the lesser degrees of atherosclerosis and cholesterol accumulation present. In vitro inhibition of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by either dl- or d-propranolol was also observed, but occurred only at propranolol concentrations of 10(-3) M or greater. Treatment with dl-propranolol had no significant effect on the rate of transport of labeled albumin across the isolated carotid artery of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Metoprolol administration (6.25 mg/kg body weight per day) had no significant influence on atherogenesis or arterial metabolism in this model. The results suggest that propranolol inhibits in part the development of atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit, and that the effect may be related to a direct action on the arterial wall.
Application of compiler transformations against software vulnerabilities exploitation (2015)

Software vulnerabilities are a serious threat for security of information systems. Any software written in C/C++ contain considerable amount of vulnerabilities. Some of them can be used by attackers to seize control of the system. In this paper, for counteracting such vulnerabilities, we propose to use compiler transformations: function reordering by permutation within a module, insertion of additional local variables into the function’s stack, local variables hashing on the stack. By means of these transformations, it is suggested to generate a diversified population of executable files of the application being compiled. Such an approach, for example, complicates planning of the ROP attacks on the entire population. Having obtained a single executable file, the attacker can create an ROP exploit, which works only for this version of the application. The other executable files of the population will remain insensitive to this attack.
Subclones with the t(9;22)/<i>BCR‐ABL1</i> rearrangement occur in AML and seem to cooperate with distinct genetic alterations (2011)

In AML, cooperation of mutations suppressing differentiation ('class-II-mutations') with 'class-I-mutations' increasing cell proliferation is frequent. In rare cases of myeloid malignancies, the BCR-ABL1 fusion was reported to cooperate as class-I-mutation with class-II-mutations, but most cases had to be classified as blast phase of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We identified five cases of Philadelphia positive subclones in AML occurring in coincidence with other genetic lesions: 1:220 patients with inv(16)/CBFB-MYH11 (0·5%), 2:272 AML cases with t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (0·7%), 1:1029 NPM1-mutated AML (0·1%), and one patient with s-AML following MDS with a 5q-deletion. Four patients had m-BCR (e1a2) BCR-ABL1 transcripts; one case only had an M-BCR (b3a2) breakpoint. These cases allow some interesting conclusions: The BCR-ABL1 rearrangement apparently can cooperate with the NPM1 mutation similar to other class-I-mutations. The identification of Philadelphia positive subclones in <1% of patients with CBF-leukaemias fits well with previous observations that most CBF-AML are accompanied by activating mutations in genes enhancing proliferation. Since we observed the occurrence of the Philadelphia positive subclones at diagnosis, at relapse, or throughout the disease, the time point of the emergence of Philadelphia subclones seems variable in AML. Clinical research should further concentrate on Philadelphia positive subclones in AML to assess the clinical impact.
Sound source localization in multimedia applications (1998)

With the arrival of real-time 3-D digital audio processing, techniques for acoustic space modeling and sound source spatialization have become of great interest for implementation in various multimedia applications, ranging from CD-ROM authoring to video conferencing. In surround sound applications, where sound source localization is a primary objective, various digital signal processing (DSP) techniques can be employed to heighten the sense of source localization, often creating a stronger link between sound and image. In several multimedia applications, the degree of live interactivity can play a crucial role in the success of the application. For example, the underlying software in video games, acoustic space simulators, and air traffic monitoring systems (using auditory display) must render audio objects in a real-time acoustically modeled space, based on varying position data supplied to these programs by the user(s). This paper will focus on sound source localization techniques and their use in various multimedia applications, and will examine key issues in implementation.
Poreless Separator and Electrolyte Additive for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with High Areal Energy Densities (2015)

Abstract Despite the attractive theoretical capacity of sulfur over 1600 mA h g −1 , lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from insufficient cycle lives mainly due to fatal polysulfide dissolution. This chronic drawback becomes amplified at high areal capacities, especially close to commercial levels (i.e., >3 mA h cm −2 ). Here, we introduce an integrated approach of adopting poreless urea–urethane copolymer (spandex) separator and cesium nitrate (CsNO 3 ) electrolyte additive. The spandex separator prevents soluble polysulfides from reaching Li metal anode and also suppresses Li dendrite growth via its intrinsic wet adhesion. When combined with a sulfur–carbon composite cathode, the cell based on the spandex separator and the electrolyte additive delivers a high areal capacity of 4 mA h cm −2 with decent cycling performance, such as 79.2 % capacity retention after 200 cycles with respect to the capacity in the second cycle.
Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors: phenotypic consequences during eukaryotic development. (1995)

Recently, a tremendous amount of excitement and interest has been generated by the rapid succession of discoveries in the human fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) field. In less than a year, mutations in three FGFRs (FGFR1-FGFR3) have been associated with three skeletal dysplasias and four craniosynostotic syndromes. FGFRs are members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family that bind fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). The FGF family consists of structurally related polypeptides that play a key role in numerous aspects of embryogenesis, growth, and homeostasis. FGFs have a potent growth stimulatory and/or differentiation-inducing effect on cells such as those derived from the early-embryonic mesoderm or ectoderm. In addition to mitogenesis and differentiation, FGFs also stimulate chemotaxis, cell survival, and angiogenesis. FGFs mediate cellular responses on binding to and activation of FGFRs. 45 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Semicontinuous enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses (1991)

Lignocelluloses (steamed hardwood and hardwood kraft pulp) were semicontinuously hydrolyzed on a large scale [2-2. 5 kg of substrate vs. 20, 000 IU filter paperase (FPase)] using a 10-L hydrolysis reactor with an ultrafiltration unit for the recovery and reuse of cellulases. The substrate was added to the reactor at appropriate intervals to keep a concentration of approximately 5% (w/v). All of the enzyme was added at the beginning and no further addition was done. The ultrafiltration unit was operated intermittently rather than continuously due to its enough capacity (dilution rate of 2.5 h(-1)) and making the enzyme durable. The enzyme required to produce one gram of reducing sugar in this reactor was 27.3 FPase IU/g RS for steamed hardwood and 7.4 FPase IU/g RS for hardwood kraft pulp. The sugar composition of hydrolyzate was unaltered virtually from beginning to end of the hydrolysis in spite of the progressive loss of enzyme activities. The analysis of the enzyme composition in the hydrolyzate during hydrolysis revealed that an exo-beta-D-glucanase component was adsorbed selectively at the stages of advanced hydrolysis extent.
Authenticating vehicles and drivers in motion based on computer vision and RFID tags (2012)

A system consisting of a vehicle interior-mounted device and a supporting infrastructure is designed to allow authorized drivers and authorized vehicles to access restricted areas of the airports, as well as government, office and private parking facilities. The device authenticates to the infrastructure using its own digital certificate, while the driver authenticates through the digital certificate stored on his or her smart card inserted into the device. The system can be configured to work with and without additional biometric verification of the driver.