gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
METRICS PERFORMANCE COMPARISON FOR COLOR IMAGE DATABASE (2008)

In this paper, two new full-reference metrics for image quality assessment are presented. They are based on the\nPeak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Universal Quality Index (UQI) modified to take into account the Human Visual System (HVS) properties. Many studies confirm that the HVS is more sensitive to low frequency distortions rather than to high frequency ones. It is also very sensitive to contrast changes and noise. To test the effectiveness of the proposed metrics, we have performed a subjective experiment. In our experiment we have used seven types of distortions with three distortion levels in each. Three independent groups of observers from Finland, Ukraine and Italy, have been participating in image quality evaluation test. The analysis of the results shows that the proposed PSNR-HVS provides better correlation to Mean Observer Score (MOS) than PSNR, and that the proposed UQI-HVS metric outperforms two recently proposed state-of-the-art metrics: UQI and MSSIM.
Surfactant and Polymer Adsorption: Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements (1996)

The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a versatile tool for the study of interaction forces due to the virtually unlimited choice of substrates. The adsorption of surfactants, dispersants or polymers at the solid/liquid interface is often used for the stabilisation of colloidal dispersions. Such adsorbed molecules can give rise to a range of additional short range forces not predicted by the standard DLVO theory of colloid stability. Results for the adsorption of CTAB onto gold and long chain poly(acrylic acid) onto zirconia are presented.
Special Commentary: Early Clinical Development of Cell Replacement Therapy: Considerations for the National Eye Institute Audacious Goals Initiative (2017)

The National Eye Institute launched the Audacious Goals Initiative (AGI) in 2013 with the aim "to restore vision through the regeneration of neurons and neural connections in the eye and visual system." An AGI Town Hall held at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting in 2016 brought together basic, translational, and clinical scientists to address the clinical implications of the AGI, with a particular emphasis on diseases amenable to regenerative medicine and strategies to deal with barriers to progess. An example of such a barrier is that replacement of lost neurons may be insufficient because damage to other neurons and non-neuronal cells is common in retinal and optic nerve disease. Reparative processes such as gliosis and fibrosis also can make it difficult to replenish and regenerate neurons. Other issues include choice of animal models, selecting appropriate endpoints, ethics of informed consent, and regulatory issues. Another area critical to next steps in the AGI is the choice of target diseases and the stage at which early development studies should be focused. For example, an advantage of doing clinical trials in patients with early disease is that supporting cellular and structural constituents are still likely to be present. However, regenerative studies in patients with late disease make it easier to detect the effects of replacement therapy against the background of severe visual loss, whereas it may be harder to detect incremental improvement in visual function in those with early disease and considerable remaining visual function. Achieving the goals of the AGI also requires preclinical advances, new imaging techniques, and optimizing translational issues. The work of the AGI is expected to take at least 10 years but should eventually result in therapies to restore some degree of vision to the blind.
Scheduling algorithm of data sampling times in the integrated communication and control systems (1995)

Integrated communication and control systems (ICCS) consist of several distributed control processes which share a network medium. Performance of several feedback control loops in the ICCS is subject to the network-induced delays from sensor to controller and from controller to actuator. The network-induced delays are directly dependent upon the data sampling times of the control components which share a network medium. In this study, a scheduling algorithm of determining data sampling times is developed using the window concept, where the sampled data from the control components in the ICCS share a limited number of windows, so that the performance requirement of each control loop is satisfied as well as the utilization of network resources is considerably increased. The scheduling algorithm is verified by discrete-event/continuous-time simulation model of an example of ICCS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Form classification using DP matching (2000)

In order to process many kinds of form document, form classification must be performed in the first place. However, a substantial amount of time is required to analyze and recognize such form documents according to the increase of t, lte number of registered models. To solve this problem, w,' suggest document understanding with a partial matchmg method in which form structure recognition and form (:lassification are performed for only some areas of the input form. In this case, the definition of the matching areas and ibrm classification are performed by using a DP matching algorithm. By using this approach, the recognition of an input form and the extraction of field items can be protessed at a high recognition rate in a reasonable time span. in terms of al)plicability, the experimental recognition rate and processing time seem to be encouraging.
Molecular Clusters of π-Systems:  Theoretical Studies of Structures, Spectra, and Origin of Interaction Energies (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Clusters of π-Systems: Theoretical Studies of Structures, Spectra, and Origin of Interaction EnergiesKwang S. Kim, P. Tarakeshwar, and Jin Yong LeeView Author Information National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Korea Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 11, 4145–4186Publication Date (Web):September 27, 2000Publication History Received22 December 1999Published online27 September 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990051ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990051iresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5131Altmetric-Citations974LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Cluster chemistry,Hydrocarbons,Interaction energies Get e-Alerts
Superresolution Imaging of Albumin‐Conjugated Fluorescent Nanodiamonds in Cells by Stimulated Emission Depletion (2011)

A bunch of loners: Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) noncovalently conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or α-lactalbumin exhibited good dispersibility in a buffer with only minor or no agglomeration. They are useful as photostable fluorescent markers in cells for superresolution imaging by STED (see confocal fluorescence image of an FND-labeled cell (left) and STED image of single BSA-conjugated FNDs (right)).
The non‐structural 5A protein of hepatitis C virus (1999)

The non-structural (NS)5A protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is cleaved, after translation, by the NS3-encoded zinc-dependent serine proteinase, from the NS4B protein upstream and the NS5B protein downstream. The released, mature NS5A protein is a 56 000 MW phosphoprotein (p56), which also exists within infected cells in a hyperphosphorylated form (p58). The NS5A gene has a quasispecies distribution, meaning that various NS5A sequences co-exist, in various proportions, in infected individuals. HCV NS5A appears to be located in cytoplasmic membranes surrounding the nucleus. Its precise functions are not known. HCV non-structural proteins, including NS5A, form a large multiprotein replication complex, which probably directs the replication of the HCV genome. HCV NS5A lacking the 146 N-terminal amino acids is a potent transcriptional activator in vitro. NS5A can also bind to single-strand RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and inhibit its antiviral function. An 'interferon (IFN) sensitivity-determining region' has recently been postulated in the NS5A protein central region in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b, but strongly conflicting evidence has been published. In fact, there would seem to be no such region in the NS5A protein, even though NS5A plays an important and complex role in HCV resistance to IFN. Structure-function studies are required to identify precisely how NS5A and IFN interact.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sulfamide and Triazole Benzodiazepines as Novel p53-MDM2 Inhibitors (2014)

A series of sulfamide and triazole benzodiazepines were obtained with the principle of bioisosterism. The p53-murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitory activity and in vitro antitumor activity were evaluated. Most of the novel benzodiazepines exhibited moderate protein binding inhibitory activity. Particularly, triazole benzodiazepines showed good inhibitory activity and antitumor potency. Compound 16 had promising antitumor activity against the U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cell line with an IC50 value of 4.17 μM, which was much better than that of nutlin-3. The molecular docking model also successfully predicted that this class of compounds mimicked the three critical residues of p53 binding to MDM2.
Correlating synchronous and asynchronous data streams (2003)

In a variety of modern mining applications, data are commonly viewed as infinite time ordered data streams rather as finite data sets stored on disk. This view challenges fundamental assumptions commonly made in the context of several data mining algorithms.In this paper, we study the problem of identifying correlations between multiple data streams. In particular, we propose algorithms capable of capturing correlations between multiple continuous data streams in a highly efficient and accurate manner. Our algorithms and techniques are applicable in the case of both synchronous and asynchronous data streaming environments. We capture correlations between multiple streams using the well known technique of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Correlations between data items, and the SVD technique in particular, have been repeatedly utilized in an off-line (non stream) data mining problems, for example forecasting, approximate query answering, and data reduction.We propose a methodology based on a combination of dimensionality reduction and sampling to make the SVD technique suitable for a data stream context. Our techniques are approximate, trading accuracy with performance, and we analytically quantify this tradeoff. We present a through experimental evaluation, using both real and synthetic data sets, from a prototype implementation of our technique, investigating the impact of various parameters in the accuracy of the overall computation. Our results indicate, that correlations between multiple data streams can be identified very efficiently and accurately. The algorithms proposed herein, are presented as generic tools, with a multitude of applications on data stream mining problems.
Hypoxic priming of mESCs accelerates vascular‐lineage differentiation through HIF1‐mediated inverse regulation of Oct4 and VEGF (2012)

Abstract Hypoxic microenvironment plays an important role in determining stem cell fates. However, it is controversial to which direction between self‐renewal and differentiation the hypoxia drives the stem cells. Here, we investigated whether a short exposure to hypoxia (termed ‘hypoxic‐priming’) efficiently directed and promoted mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to differentiate into vascular‐lineage. During spontaneous differentiation of embryoid bodies (EBs), hypoxic region was observed inside EB spheroids even under normoxic conditions. Indeed, hypoxia‐primed EBs more efficiently differentiated into cells of vascular‐lineage, than normoxic EBs did. We found that hypoxia suppressed Oct4 expression via direct binding of HIF‐1 to reverse hypoxia‐responsive elements (rHREs) in the Oct4 promoter. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was highly upregulated in hypoxia‐primed EBs, which differentiated towards endothelial cells in the absence of exogenous VEGF. Interestingly, this differentiation was abolished by the HIF‐1 or VEGF blocking. In vivo transplantation of hypoxia‐primed EBs into mice ischemic limb elicited enhanced vessel differentiation. Collectively, our findings identify that hypoxia enhanced ESC differentiation by HIF‐1‐mediated inverse regulation of Oct4 and VEGF, which is a novel pathway to promote vascular‐lineage differentiation.
Simulation of depolarization in a membrane-equations-based model of the anisotropic ventricle (1998)

The results of a simulation study of the propagation of depolarization in inhomogeneous anisotropic (monodomain) myocardial tissue are presented. Simulations are based on modified Beeler-Reuter membrane equations, and performed on a block of anisotropic myocardium with rotating fiber geometry, measuring 1 cm x 1 cm x 0.3 cm, at various levels of spatial discretization (0.15 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.60 mm). At a discretization level of 0.6 mm the algorithm allowed the simulation in a realistically shaped model of the ventricle, including rotational anisotropy, as well. For this simulation results are justified by comparing results for the block at various levels of discretization, for which the surface to volume ratio has been adjusted. By placing the model ventricle in a realistically shaped (human) volume conductor model, realistic body surface potentials (QRST waveforms) are simulated.
Distinct ASIC currents are expressed in rat putative nociceptors and are modulated by nerve injury (2006)

The H(+)-gated acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones. Studies with ASIC knockout mice indicated either a pro-nociceptive or a modulatory role of ASICs in pain sensation. We have investigated in freshly isolated rat DRG neurones whether neurones with different ASIC current properties exist, which may explain distinct cellular roles, and we have investigated ASIC regulation in an experimental model of neuropathic pain. Small-diameter DRG neurones expressed three different ASIC current types which were all preferentially expressed in putative nociceptors. Type 1 currents were mediated by ASIC1a homomultimers and characterized by steep pH dependence of current activation in the pH range 6.8-6.0. Type 3 currents were activated in a similar pH range as type 1, while type 2 currents were activated at pH < 6. When activated by acidification to pH 6.8 or 6.5, the probability of inducing action potentials correlated with the ASIC current density. Nerve injury induced differential regulation of ASIC subunit expression and selective changes in ASIC function in DRG neurones, suggesting a complex reorganization of ASICs during the development of neuropathic pain. In summary, we describe a basis for distinct cellular functions of different ASIC types in small-diameter DRG neurones.
Velaglucerase alfa: A new option for Gaucher disease treatment (2011)

Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD) results from inherited β-glucocerebrosidase gene mutations, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and skeletal disease. Velaglucerase alfa is a β-glucocerebrosidase produced by gene activation in a human cell line, and indicated for type 1 GD. A phase I/II clinical trial (TKT025; N = 12), its ongoing extension (TKT025EXT) and three phase III trials (total N = 82), showed that velaglucerase alfa is generally well tolerated in adult and pediatric patients. Many disease-related parameters improved significantly in two phase III trials in treatment-naïve patients, and were successfully maintained in imiglucerase-experienced patients in a phase II/III switch study. Ten adults in TKT025EXT sustained improvements through 5 years, including bone mineral density. Comparison with imiglucerase shows that velaglucerase alfa is an effective, generally well-tolerated alternative enzyme replacement therapy. In vitro data suggest velaglucerase alfa may be internalized into cells more efficiently and have a lower rate of seroconversion. However, these results do not necessarily correlate with clinical efficacy.
Cell type–specific DNA methylation at intragenic CpG islands in the immune system (2011)

Human and mouse genomes contain a similar number of CpG islands (CGIs), which are discrete CpG-rich DNA sequences associated with transcription start sites. In both species, ∼50% of all CGIs are remote from annotated promoters but, nevertheless, often have promoter-like features. To determine the role of CGI methylation in cell differentiation, we analyzed DNA methylation at a comprehensive CGI set in cells of the mouse hematopoietic lineage. Using a method that potentially detects ∼33% of genomic CpGs in the methylated state, we found that large differences in gene expression were accompanied by surprisingly few DNA methylation changes. There were, however, many DNA methylation differences between hematopoietic cells and a distantly related tissue, brain. Altered DNA methylation in the immune system occurred predominantly at CGIs within gene bodies, which have the properties of cell type-restricted promoters, but infrequently at annotated gene promoters or CGI flanking sequences (CGI "shores"). Unexpectedly, elevated intragenic CGI methylation correlated with silencing of the associated gene. Differentially methylated intragenic CGIs tended to lack H3K4me3 and associate with a transcriptionally repressive environment regardless of methylation state. Our results indicate that DNA methylation changes play a relatively minor role in the late stages of differentiation and suggest that intragenic CGIs represent regulatory sites of differential gene expression during the early stages of lineage specification.
NEW-TECH TRAIN CONTROL TAKES OFF (2002)

Communications-based train control is on the verge of becoming technically feasible and cost effective for the domestic railway industry. The article reviews the half-dozen transit and main line railroad projects in the United States that are in advanced stages of development. All these projects have several common goals: improved safety, increased train throughput, lower life cycle costs than traditional track-circuit based train control systems, and open architecture that will allow multiple suppliers to compete for contracts in what is expected to become a long term, multi-billion-dollar market.
<b>Rapid development of renal complications in non-obese diabetic (NOD) </b><b>mice </b> (1984)

Renal complications in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice treated with insulin for 5 months after the onset of diabetes were studied using light and electron microscopy. Periodicacid-Schiff (PAS)-positive materials, fibrinoid cap formation and an increase in mesangial cells and matrix in the glomeruli were seen in animals survived for 4 months. Electron microscopy revealed glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial deposits of fibrillar materials. These findings were not observed in mice survived for 2 months. Since renal complications develop spontaneously in NOD mice despite insulin treatment, these animals may be useful for studying human diabetic nephropathy.
UniPrime2: a web service providing easier Universal Primer design (2009)

The UniPrime2 web server is a publicly available online resource which automatically designs large sets of universal primers when given a gene reference ID or Fasta sequence input by a user. UniPrime2 works by automatically retrieving and aligning homologous sequences from GenBank, identifying regions of conservation within the alignment, and generating suitable primers that can be used to amplify variable genomic regions. In essence, UniPrime2 is a suite of publicly available software packages (Blastn, T-Coffee, GramAlign, Primer3), which reduces the laborious process of primer design, by integrating these programs into a single software pipeline. Hence, UniPrime2 differs from previous primer design web services in that all steps are automated, linked, saved and phylogenetically delimited, only requiring a single user-defined gene reference ID or input sequence. We provide an overview of the web service and wet-laboratory validation of the primers generated. The system is freely accessible at: http://uniprime.batlab.eu. UniPrime2 is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Licence.
Study of Image Signal in the Wavelet Transform (2000)

The wavelet transform provides a moltiresolution expression of signal with localization in both time andfrequency domain. This propriety of wavelet transform is very desirable in image and video coding application. To remove the point at issues, we proposed spatio-temporal correlations far motion estimation and compensation in multiresolution propose method is that motion vector consider correlations of spatio temporal domain. The wavelet theory is utilized to reduce a hidden nodes by stretching down mechanism and provides better approximation than other neural network
Novel ELFIN ( <u>e</u> mbedded-metal- <u>l</u> ayer process for <u>f</u> ully <u>i</u> ntegrated <u>N</u> OR) cell for 16/64 Mbit flash EEPROM (1994)

A novel cell structure named ELFIN (embedded-metal-layer process for fully integrated NOR) is proposed for the 16/64 Mbit flash EEPROM. The ELFIN cell introduces the self-aligned metal drain-pad and source-line technology. It is demonstrated in a 3.0 µm2 cell using the 0.6 µm design rule, i.e. a 25% reduction in cell size is attained compared with the conventional NOR-type cell with the same design rule. Excellent electrical characteristics of programming, erasing and endurance are achieved.
Millimeter-Tall Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Rapidly Grown with and without Water (2011)

Millimeter-tall vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were grown in 10-15 min by chemical vapor deposition from C(2)H(2)/Ar with or without water addition using Fe catalyst supported on an Al-Si-O underlayer. Using combinatorial catalyst libraries coupled with the real-time monitoring of SWCNT growth, the catalyst and chemical vapor deposition conditions were systematically examined, and millimeter-tall SWCNTs were obtained even without water addition. The key for millimeter-scale growth of SWCNTs is to limit the C(2)H(2) supply to below a certain partial pressure to retain an active catalyst. Water prolongs the catalyst lifetime under excess C(2)H(2) supply, whereas it deactivates small catalyst particles and degrades the quality of SWCNTs at the same time. We also observed a gradual increase in the diameter of SWCNTs with growth because of the coarsening of catalyst particles and found that water had no effect on this phenomenon. We demonstrate millimeter-tall SWCNTs grown by simply using C(2)H(2)/Ar gas without water addition, which revealed the mysterious role of water, and we show a practical route for the large-scale production of SWCNTs.