gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine Metabolism of Progesterone and Related Progestins (2007)

In mammalian neuroendocrine structures the metabolic processing of progesterone and related natural progestins is primarily a reductive process involving the C-4,5 double bond and the C-3 and C-20 ketones. The principal products of the neuroendocrine metabolism of progesterone in female rats are the two 5 alpha- and 3 alpha-reduced metabolites, 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 alpha,5 alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone, with lesser amounts of the corresponding 20 alpha-reduced products. Certain of these metabolites produce some, but not all, of progesterone's biological effects. 5 alpha-Dihydroprogesterone and 3 alpha,5 alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone, in particular, have potent progesterone-like effects on neuroendocrine functions, such as gonadotropin regulation. The two other principal ovarian progestins, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, are metabolized in an analogous manner. The major neuroendocrine progestin conversions therefore appear to be 5 alpha-reduction and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreduction. In the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, the enzymic activities that catalyse these conversions appear to be under ovarian control and appear to vary with changing reproductive states. These quantitative changes in processing, together with the potent progesterone-like effects of certain metabolites, suggest that these neuroendocrine conversions may provide an important mechanism for mediating some of the effects of progesterone. Alternatively, some metabolites, by duplicating selected effects of progesterone, may provide a means of prolonging certain of its effects while others are terminated.
Design studies for a technology assessment receiver for global positioning system (1981)

The operational conditions of a radio receiver - microprocessor for the global positioning system are studied. Navigation fundamentals and orbit characterization are reviewed. The global positioning system is described with emphasis upon signal structure and satellite positioning. Ranging and receiver processing techniques are discussed.
Carbanilation of cellulose in the paraformaldehyde–dimethyl sulfoxide solvent system (1982)

Abstract Methylol cellulos carbanilate (methylol cellulose phenylcarbamate) was prepared under homogeneous conditions with phenylisocyanate following the dissolution of cellulose into the paraformaldehyde–dimethyl sulfoxide system. Previously reported procedures were utilized to control the oligo‐oxymethylene side chain length of the dissolved cellulose. Methylol cellulose carbanilates with different side chain lengths were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The homogeneous carbanilation reaction was found to be completed with a degree of substitution of around 2.4 within 3 h at room temperature, which is substantially faster than heterogeneous carbanilation. Methylol cellulose carbanilates were found to have lower heats of decomposition (23.5–32.2 kcal/mol, depending upon the side chain length) and lower heats of decomposition temperatures (236°C) under air compared with conventional cellulose carbanilate. This suggests that the decomposition mechanism of the methylol cellulose carbanilate is through decomposition of the oligo‐oxymethylene side chains, while cellulose carbanilate decomposes by rupture of the cellulose carbamate linkage.
Guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine analog. Synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazinones via rearrangement (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGuanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine analog. Synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazinones via rearrangementJoseph B. Holtwick, Bozenna Golankiewicz, Brian N. Holmes, and Nelson J. LeonardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 22, 3835–3839Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01336a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01336a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A General Method for Retrieving the Components of a Genetically Engineered Fusion Protein (1986)

Escherichia coli expression vectors encoding an acid-labile aspartyl-proline (Asp-Pro) dipeptide bridging two protein sequences were constructed and used to synthesize two different bovine growth hormone (bGH) fusion proteins. The codons GAT-CCX coding for Asp-Pro are provided by the recognition site for Bam HI (GGATCC). Treatment of the bGH fusion proteins at low pH in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride releases the bGH moiety from the fusion protein. The release of the bGH from the fusion protein specifically requires the Asp-Pro dipeptide linking the bGH sequence to the fusion protein. The bGH released from the fusion protein retains anti-bGH immunoreactivity as well as the ability to bind to growth hormone receptor in vitro.
Effects of Long-Term Cranberry Supplementation on Endocrine Pancreas in Aging Rats (2011)

The effects of long-term cranberry consumption on age-related changes in endocrine pancreas are not fully understood. Here we treated male Fischer 344 rats with either 2% whole cranberry powder supplemented or normal rodent chow from 6 to 22 month old. Both groups displayed an age-related decline in basal plasma insulin concentrations, but this age-related decline was delayed by cranberry. Cranberry supplementation led to increased β-cell glucose responsiveness during the oral glucose tolerance test. Portal insulin concentration was 7.6-fold higher in rats fed cranberry, coupled with improved β-cell function. However, insulin resistance values were similar in both groups. Total β-cell mass and expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and insulin within islets were significantly enhanced in rats fed cranberry relative to controls. Furthermore, cranberry increased insulin release of an insulin-producing β-cell line, revealing its insulinotropic effect. These findings suggest that cranberry is of particular benefit to β-cell function in normal aging rats.
Applications of Viscosity-Building Friction Reducers as Fracturing Fluids (2017)

Abstract The use of viscosity-building friction reducers (VFR) as fracturing fluids is increasing in the industry today (Motiee et al. 2016; Sanders, et al. 2016; Al-Muntasheri, et al. 2014, Holtsclaw, et al. 2010). In addition to providing pipe friction reduction during fracturing treatments, these systems develop elevated viscosity over traditional slickwater fluids to provide several advantages described herein. Additionally, using advances made in polymer chemistry such as fit for purpose monomer structures and effective breakers, VFR fluids exhibit high regain conductivities compared to linear and crosslinked gels and are being used as a direct replacement for these conventional guar-based systems. The polyacrylamide-based VFR system described in this paper has been used on over 10,000 stages in multiple basins since 2014. Some of the potential advantages VFR fluids offer include lower cost, reduced water requirements compared to conventional slickwater treatments, fewer chemicals and equipment on location, on-the-fly design change flexibility, and high fracture conductivities. This paper will present three case histories from projects performed recently to demonstrate these advantages.
GENERATION OF AUTOLOGOUS EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS???SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC T CELLS FOR ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS1 (2001)

Using methods that are approved for clinical application, EBV-CTLs can be generated from SOT recipients, even those with frank lymphoma, or who are receiving immunosuppressive drugs. These CTLs retain their function in the presence of immunosuppressive agents. Although in vivo efficacy, safety, and persistence can be assessed only in clinical trials, our results suggest that CTLs can be effective for the treatment of PTLD, even when immunosuppression cannot be reduced because of the high risk of graft rejection.
Designing and Implementation of Quantum Cellular Automata 2:1 Multiplexer Circuit (2011)

Quantum Cellular Automata is a promising nanotechnology that has been recognized as one of the top six emerging technology in future computers. We have developed a new methodology in design QCA 2:1 MUX having better area efficiency and less input to output delay. We have also shown that using this QCA 2:1 M UX as a unit higher M UX can also be designed. We verified the proposed design using simulation from QCADesigner tool. This simulator is also useful for building complex QCA circuits.
Universal insertion/deletion-enrich PCR (2011)

Unidel-PCR will remold the capability of PCR-based genetic testing, especially in the field of cancer molecular diagnosis, infectious disease and identification of minor populations of alternative splicing variants of RNA transcribed.
A cytochrome P450-like gene possibly involved in oleandomycin biosynthesis by<i>Streptomyces antibioticus</i> (1995)

A cosmid clone from an oleandomycin producer, Streptomyces antibioticus, contains a large open reading frame encoding a type I polyketide synthase subunit and an oleandomycin resistance gene (oleB). Sequencing of a 1.4-kb DNA fragment adjacent to oleB revealed the existence of an open reading frame (oleP) encoding a protein similar to several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from different sources, including the products of the eryF and eryK genes from Saccharopolyspora erythraea that participate in erythromycin biosynthesis. The oleP gene was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein to a maltose-binding protein. Using polyclonal antibodies against this fusion protein it was observed that the synthesis of the cytochrome P450 was in parallel to that of oleandomycin. The cytochrome P450 encoded by the oleP gene could be responsible for the epoxidation of carbon 8 of the oleandomycin lactone ring.
Intracellular modifications of human apolipoprotein E. (1986)

We have used pulse-chase techniques to study the synthesis, intracellular modification, and secretion of human apolipoprotein E by cultures of HepG2 cells and peripheral blood human monocyte macrophages. We have found that modified apoE isoproteins are detectable intracellularly after 14 min of pulse, and their relative concentration increases linearly over a 2-h pulse-chase period. At the same time, the relative concentration of unmodified apoE decreases. All the major modified apoE isoproteins appear simultaneously, and they correspond to the sialo apoE forms apooEs2, apoEs4, and apoEs6. ApoE secretion is first detected after a 30-min pulse. Secreted apoE consists of 92% of the same sialated apoE forms observed intracellularly. ApoE sialation and secretion were not affected by treatment of the HepG2 cultures with tunicamycin, whereas monensin inhibited both the intracellular sialation and secretion of this protein. These findings suggest that apoE is secreted in the form of three major isoproteins generated by intracellular modification of this protein with one or more O-linked oligosaccharide chains containing sialic acid.
Skutterudites for thermoelectric applications (2002)

Thermoelectric generators and cooling devices present several advantages compared to other energy conversion technologies: they are reliable, can operate unattended in hostile environments, and are also environmentally friendly. However, their application has been limited up to now because of the relatively low conversion efficiency of traditional thermoelectric materials used in the devices. New more efficient materials are needed. A new class of semiconducting materials was identified at JPL a few years ago and the study of the properties of these materials for thermoelectric and other applications has been subject to a growing interest. Recent findings on the physical-chemical and transport properties of skutterudite materials are reviewed. Results obtained on binary compounds showed that their lattice thermal conductivity is too high to achieve high thermoelectric figures of merit. Several approaches have been recently proposed to decrease the lattice thermal conductivity of skutterudite materials. They are described and illustrated by recent experimental results. It is shown that low thermal conductivity can be achieved and high ZT values are possible for skutterudites.
Non-Invasive Biosensor for Diabetes Monitoring (2014)

A method and apparatus to develop blood glucose non invasively by measuring the vapor exhaled by humans which usually consists of numerous volatile organic compounds (e.g. acetone, ethanol, isoprene) generated in the liver, mainly from the oxidation of fatty acids, which further are exported to peripheral tissues. A critical review of the methods of diabetes diagnoses and analysis is given, highlighting the problems facing the field and areas where promising advancement has been made Moreover the cost of measurement being high and usually significant time is required to diagnose the result. The regular methods for diabetes diagnosis are costly as the glucose-stripe is quite costly and cannot be reused by the patient. A method for measurement system based on the concentration of the gases present in exhaled breath is proposed. Our method is perfectly non-invasive and non-contact type which is based on metal oxide gas sensors. The developed device will provide non-invasive diagnosis, monitoring of pathological processes and assessment of pharmacological response.
ROOM TEMPERATURE LASING OF CdS UNDER PULSED ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT (1967)

Single-crystal platelets of CdS supported on a room temperature substrate have shown laser emission under pulsed 22-kV electron bombardment at current densities around 4 A per cm2. This threshold is not much greater than at liquid nitrogen. The green laser beam is sheet-like and has a wavelength of 5280 Å. An approximate figure for the pulsed power efficiency intò the total laser beam is 0.5% at levels not far above threshold.
An automatic topic ranking approach for event detection on microblogging messages (2011)

Microblog is a social network service which is able to aggregate messages to explore new knowledge. Nowadays, more and more users contribute what they found and what they thought by posting short messages. This phenomenon makes people spend lots of time monitoring text streams of microblogging messages, in order for acquisition of information regarding real-time events and news. In this work, we adopted several algorithms for mining topics on microblogs, and developed a novel algorithm for ranking topics and messages on microblogs. The developed ranking solution is expected to assist people to quickly identify emerging topics and events which might yield the most recently trending topics, with the hope to effectively resolve the information overload.
Cloning of a membrane-associated protein which modifies activity and properties of the Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporter. (1993)

An expression library from porcine kidney cortex was screened with a monoclonal antibody (R4A6) which stimulates high-affinity phlorizin binding in kidney and intestine but does not react with the membrane protein (SGLT1) which mediates Na(+)-coupled transport of D-glucose (Hediger, M.A., Coady, M.J., Ikeda, T.S., and Wright, E.M. (1987) Nature 330, 379-381). A cDNA (RS1) was obtained which codes for a hydrophilic M(r) 66,832 polypeptide and contains a predicted hydrophobic alpha-helix at the COOH terminus. After expression in Xenopus oocytes RS1 protein was found associated with the plasma membrane. RS1-homologous mRNAs were detected in renal outer cortex and outer medulla, small intestine, liver, and LLCPK1 cells, but not in skeletal muscle, heart muscle, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, renal inner medulla, and Xenopus oocytes. After nondenaturing gel electrophoresis of renal brush-border membranes comigration of RS1- and SGLT1-homologous proteins as a high molecular weight complex was demonstrated. RS1 altered the expression of Na(+)-glucose cotransport by SGLT1 in Xenopus oocytes. There was no effect on the expression of the nonhomologous transporters for Na(+)-gamma-aminobutyric acid cotransport and for Na(+)-independent glucose transport. However, RS1 also changed the expression of the SGLT1-homologous Na(+)-myo-inositol cotransporter from MDCK cells. The Vmax of methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (AMG) transport expressed after injection of a small amount of SGLT1-cRNA was increased 40-fold when a stoichiometric amount of RS1-cRNA was coinjected. In addition the voltage and glucose dependence of expressed AMG uptake and the concentration dependence of transport inhibition by phlorizin were changed when stoichiometric amounts of RS1-cRNA were coinjected with SGLT1-cRNA. Thus with SGLT1 one apparent transport site (K0.5 about 100 microM) and one apparent phlorizin inhibition site (Ki about 5 microM) was observed whereas with SGLT1 plus RS1 two apparent transport sites (K0.5(1) about 20 microM, K0.5(2) about 1 mM) and two apparent phlorizin inhibition sites (Ki(1) about 0.3 microM, Ki(2) about 30 microM) were found as has been described in brush-border membrane vesicles of kidney and intestine (see e.g. Koepsell, H., Fritzsch, G., Korn, K., and Madrala, A. (1990) J. Membr. Biol. 114, 113-132). The data suggest that the Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporter and possibly also other SGLT1-type Na(+)-cotransporters contain RS1-type regulatory subunits.
Aptamer Microarray Mediated Capture and Mass Spectrometry Identification of Biomarker in Serum Samples (2010)

Sensitive detection of molecular biomarkers in clinical samples is crucially important in disease diagnostics. This paper reports the development of an aptamer microarray platform combined with sol-gel technology to identify low-abundance targets in complex serum samples. Because of the nanoporous structure of the sol-gel, a high capacity to immobilize the affinity specific aptamers is accomplished which allows binding and detection of target molecules with high sensitivity. The captured protein is digested in situ and the obtained digest was analyzed by ESI-MS without any interference from the affinity probe. TBP (TATA Box Protein) and its specific aptamers were chosen as a model system. A proof of concept with protein concentrations ranging between nanomolar to micromolar is reported, showing a good linearity up to 400 nM when characterized in an aptamer sandwich assay. Moreover, as low as 0.001% of target protein present in total serum proteins could be identified without any pretreatment step using ESI MS/MS mass spectrometry. We believe this novel strategy could become an efficient method for aptamer-based biomarker detection linked directly to mass spectrometry readout.
Reconfigurable computer origins: the UCLA fixed-plus-variable (F+V) structure computer (2002)

Gerald Estrin and his group at the University of California at Los Angeles did the earliest work on reconfigurable computer architectures. The early research, described here, provides pointers to work on models and tools for reconfigurable systems design and analysis.
The effect of toenail onychomycosis on patient quality of life (1997)

Toenail onychomycosis has a significant impact on the overall QOL of patients, and should be evaluated further to develop guidelines for total patient care.
SIMPATH: An Efficient Algorithm for Influence Maximization under the Linear Threshold Model (2011)

There is significant current interest in the problem of influence maximization: given a directed social network with influence weights on edges and a number k, find k seed nodes such that activating them leads to the maximum expected number of activated nodes, according to a propagation model. Kempe et al. showed, among other things, that under the Linear Threshold Model, the problem is NP-hard, and that a simple greedy algorithm guarantees the best possible approximation factor in PTIME. However, this algorithm suffers from various major performance drawbacks. In this paper, we propose SIMPATH, an efficient and effective algorithm for influence maximization under the linear threshold model that addresses these drawbacks by incorporating several clever optimizations. Through a comprehensive performance study on four real data sets, we show that SIMPATH consistently outperforms the state of the art w.r.t. running time, memory consumption and the quality of the seed set chosen, measured in terms of expected influence spread achieved.
A link in transcription between the native pbpB and the acquired mecA gene in a strain of Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

Conditional mutants of pbpB with an IPTG-inducible promoter were used to compare the effects of interrupted transcription of this gene in a meticillin-sensitive (MSSA) and a meticillin-resistant (MRSA) strain of Staphylococcus aureus. After 3 h growth following the removal of IPTG, multiplication of the MSSA strain stopped abruptly, cells began to lyse, and membrane preparations showed greatly decreased quantities of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2. In contrast, the MRSA strain continued to grow for at least 20 h in the IPTG-free medium, but with gradually increasing doubling times, which eventually reached 180 min. The peptidoglycan produced during this period of extremely slow growth showed only minor alterations, but cells with abnormal morphology accumulated in the culture, the abundance of mecA transcript gradually declined, and the cellular amounts of PBP2A were significantly decreased. Adding back the IPTG inducer caused rapid resumption in the transcription of pbpB, followed by an increase in the transcription of mecA. No changes were detected in the transcription of pbpA, C and D, the determinant of 16S rRNA or the housekeeping gene pta. Promoter fusion experiments suggested that the transcription of the resistance gene mecA may respond to some regulatory signal generated in the bacteria during changes in the transcription of pbpB.