gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fate of indicator organisms in sludge during bacterial leaching of metals (1991)

Biological extraction (bacterial leaching) of heavy metals from digested sewage sludge has been shown to be a practical means for decontaminating sludge for use on agricultural land. However, it was not known whether pathogenic organisms would survive or be destroyed in the acidic environment necessary for the bacterial leaching process. The purpose of the research reported herein was to assess the effect of bacterial leaching on various bacteria commonly used to indicate the possible presence of pathogenic organisms. Although pathogenic viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths may be present in sludge, this study is concerned only with bacterial pathogens. The concentrations of the four indicator bacteria selected to represent the bacterial pathogens were determined in a series of laboratory bacterial leaching units. Results showed that, although about 80–90% metal removal efficiencies were achieved (at a pH of 4.0, an aeration rate of 100 mL of air per minute per litre of sludge) at a temperature of 20–25 °C, the indicator bacteria were not reduced during bacterial leaching at high suspended solids concentrations. The survival of indicator bacteria was found to be a function of the suspended solids concentration in the leaching units, regardless of the source or type of indicator bacteria. At suspended solids concentrations greater than 10 g/L, the indicator bacteria were able to survive, apparently unaffected by the unfavourable environmental conditions (10 days retention at pH 4.0). Below this suspended solids concentration of 10 g/L, significant reductions of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci were achieved. Total heterotrophs did not follow the same trends as the other indicator bacteria. Key words: bacterial leaching, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, indicator bacteria, enteric pathogens removal, sewage sludge, sludge disposal.
Bacillus velezensis: A Valuable Member of Bioactive Molecules within Plant Microbiomes (2019)

<i>Bacillus velezensis</i> is an aerobic, gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that promotes plant growth. Numerous strains of this species have been reported to suppress the growth of microbial pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. Based on recent phylogenetic analysis, several <i>Bacillus</i> species have been reclassified as <i>B. velezensis</i>. However, this information has yet to be integrated into a well-organized resource. Genomic analysis has revealed that <i>B. velezensis</i> possesses strain-specific clusters of genes related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which play significant roles in both pathogen suppression and plant growth promotion. More specifically, <i>B. velezensis</i> exhibits a high genetic capacity for synthesizing cyclic lipopeptides (i.e., surfactin, bacillomycin-D, fengycin, and bacillibactin) and polyketides (i.e., macrolactin, bacillaene, and difficidin). Secondary metabolites produced by <i>B. velezensis</i> can also trigger induced systemic resistance in plants, a process by which plants defend themselves against recurrent attacks by virulent microorganisms. This is the first study to integrate previously published information about the <i>Bacillus</i> species, newly reclassified as <i>B. velezensis</i>, and their beneficial metabolites (i.e., siderophore, bacteriocins, and volatile organic compounds).
Flexibility and Fine Structure of Smooth‐Muscle α‐Actinin (1997)

The microfilament protein alpha-actinin exists as a dimer. The N-terminal regions of both polypeptides, arranged in antiparallel orientation, comprise the actin-binding regions, while the C-terminal, larger parts consist of four spectrin-like repeats that interact to form a rod-like structure. To elucidate the fine structure of smooth-muscle alpha-actinin, we used energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with negative staining. Survey pictures of the protein purified from chicken gizzard revealed discrete, elongated particles whose length and width varied with the ionic strength of the buffer. It was determined to to 29.3 nm x 4.8 nm in 0.05 M KCl and 32.6 nm x 4.4 nm in 0.15 M KCl. Both ends of the molecule displayed hook-like structures consisting of globular domains, which were highly variable in their orientation with respect to the long axis of the molecule. Their location at the ends of the molecule, and the finding that these hooks were missing from particles obtained by thermolysin digestion indicated that they probably correspond to the N-terminal actin-binding regions. The rod-like center of the molecule revealed discrete globular masses which probably comprise the spectrin-like repeats. Their arrangement was compatible with the interpretation that three spectrin repeats of each polypeptide chain can form pairs with the respective sequences of the other chain. The rod-like 53-kDa fragment obtained after thermolysin digestion largely retained this structural organization but appeared wider (22.5 nm x 5.9 nm). Our results help to clarify previous discrepancies on the quatenary organization of alpha-actinin and suggest that effective actin-binding and cross-linking of alpha-actinin is based on the high flexibility of the terminal hooks.
Modeling and Analysis of Individualized Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics for Volatile Anesthesia (2013)

The presented procedure aims to establish an in-depth understanding of a derived mathematical model for drug distribution, pharmacokinetics, and drug effect, pharmacodynamics, during volatile anesthesia. A physiologically based, patient-specific model is derived, where the pharmacokinetic (PK) part consists of multiple blood and tissue compartmental models, each adjusted to the weight, height, gender, and age of the patient. The pharmacodynamic (PD) part is described by an effect site compartment and the Hill equation both linking the hypnotic effect measured by the Bispectral Index (BIS) to the arterial anesthetic concentration. Via a global sensitivity analysis the patient-specific PK and PD variables and parameters are analyzed regarding their influence on the measurable outputs, which are the end-tidal concentration of the volatile anesthetic and the BIS. Via this analysis, the uncertainty introduced by PD variability is identified to be more significant than the uncertainty introduced by PK variability. A case study of isoflurane-based anesthesia shows that the simulation results of the individualized PK variables are in good accordance with the measured end-tidal concentration. However, the PD parameters need to be estimated online to predict the hypnotic depth, measured by the BIS, correctly. As a result of this study, the aim should be to focus on the individual identification of the PD parameters before and during anesthesia with future application in safe and robust model predictive control.
Modulation of host immunity by haematophagous arthropods (2001)

The medical and veterinary public-health importance of haematophagous arthropods is immense and continuing to increase because of the emergence of new vector-borne infectious agents and the resurgence of well known ones. Control of blood-feeding arthropods and the pathogens they transmit is compounded by drug, insecticide and acaricide resistance. Novel control strategies are needed. Immunological control is one very promising approach to these problems. In order to develop anti-arthropod vaccines that block pathogen transmission and establishment, the immunological interactions occurring at the interface of the blood-feeding arthropod and host must be characterized. An important component of these interactions is arthropod modulation of the host's innate and acquired, specific immune defences. This review discusses current knowledge regarding the ability of haematophagous arthropods to alter their hosts' immune defences, the impact of those changes on pathogen transmission, the molecular bases for the immunomodulation, and strategies for identification of the molecules in arthropod saliva that are responsible for the immunomodulation.
ID/LOC separation network architecture for mobility support in future internet (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel network architecture for future Internet to solve both routing scalability and mobility. Our proposal is based on a LISP+ALT architecture to achieve routing scalability in a global Internet scale. We extend the LISP+ALT architecture to provide roaming for global mobility and take a network-based approach for seamless local mobility. Our network architecture for mobility support in future Internet is evaluated by simple analysis, in terms of handover latency and communication overhead.
A log compression algorithm for operation-based version control systems (2003)

Version control systems are widely used to support distributed concurrent software development, where document merging is a key function. Most existing systems adopt state-based merging, which relies on the derivation of deltas among documents. The derivation of deltas involves transferring documents over the network and executing time-consuming text differentiation algorithms, which may result in a poor system response. Operation-based merging saves executed operations in logs as deltas, thus eliminating the need for deriving deltas. However, for the operation-based merging to be adopted in version control systems, a major technical challenge is how to keep the size of logs small so that it requires less time to transfer the log over the network and to re-execute operations in the log. In this paper we contribute a novel compression algorithm, which is able to minimize the size of a log as well as the number of operations within it. It has been proven both correct and complete in the sense that the compressed log has the same effect as the original one and operations that can be merged have already been merged.
Heterogeneous sources information fusion algorithm based on new characterization of conflict (2012)

Error results may be obtained when the combined evidences provided by heterogeneous sources are in high degree of conflict.Considering the deficiencies of using the conflict coefficient k to represent the conflict degree in previous conflict evidences fusion studies,a new definition of evidence conflict is proposed.The degree of conflict and similarity among evidences are calculated to obtain the evidence weight.The evidences modified by the weight vector are combined using the Dempster-Shafer(D-S)combination rule.Numerical examples show that this method can combine conflict evidences effectively,and have a good convergence.
Proposal for unified system design meta flow in task-level and instruction-level design technology research for multi-media applications (1998)

This paper describes an attempt to bring together the many different system design flows existing in architecture and system design technology research, into a more abstract but unifying meta flow. Many existing system and architecture design flows have a strong resemblance and unnecessary overlap. Mainly due to a lack of a common and consistent terminology coupled to a common reference basis, it is now nearly impossible to compare and reuse (sub)steps. In addition, there is a too strong separation between research in different communities. To alleviate this problem, we introduce a more abstract but unifying meta flow which attempts to bridge the gap between the existing flows. From this meta flow, a particular design flow can be instantiated for a given application (domain) by leaving out the non-required stages/steps, by selecting a (sub)step sequence which is compatible with the partial meta-flow order, and by selecting the appropriate technique for all remaining (sub)steps (e.g. the type of scheduler). This paper focuses on the principles at the task- and instruction-level abstractions. It also provides an illustration of the pourer of the meta-flow principles for a realistic multi-media compression demonstrator from the MPEG4 context.
Management of Infants of Diabetic Mothers (1998)

With modern management, fewer morbidities can be expected in infants of diabetic mothers. Those infants born to women with IDDM remain at risk for hypoglycemia, which can be treated in one half of the cases by enteral feedings alone. The majority of cases of RDS are mild and require short admissions to special care nurseries. Optimal care of infants of diabetic mothers is based on prevention, early recognition, and treatment of common conditions. Severe congenital malformations, significant prematurity, RDS, recurrent hypoglycemic episodes, and asymptomatic infants of women with advanced IDDM should be admitted to special care nurseries. Breast-feeding among women with GDM and IDDM should be encouraged.
j chem soc jpn (1976)

平均粒子径1.3μ の鉄粉末に対する20%水蒸気を含む02気流中300～600℃の酸化処理によって粒子表面に成長するひげ結晶について,電子顕微鏡を用いて速度論的に研究した。2種のひげ結晶,柱状晶(CW)と剣状晶(SP)が,400℃以上でほぼ均一に,それぞれ長さ0.45および0.8μ,表面密度108～109gcm-2た成長することが観測された。300から470℃ への昇温にともない,主として,CWの径とSPの底辺がそれぞれ9nmから67nm,20nmから320nmに変化し,前者は高温域で急激に減り,後者はあまり変わらなかった。その結果としてCWとSPの体積成長量は470℃付近で最大となることが認められた。CWとSPの伸び速度は,温度にかかわらず2。5～2.7分の潜伏期を経たのち,対数則にしたがった。一方,表面密度の増加速度は自己加速的な特性を示し,その誘導期0.1～0.5時間は高温ほど長くなった。この誘導期は,潜伏期の過程が準備されるのに要する時間とみなされ,また,CWの径およびSPの幅は,一定の潜伏期間内に金属の転位部分にある成長核において形成されることが示された。以上の速度論的な結果はすべてひげ結晶の根本成長機構を指示することが結論された。
Evidence of reduced sympatho-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary activity during static muscular work in patients with fibromyalgia (2010)

Patients with fibromyalgia exhibited a hypoactive sympatho-adrenal system as well as a hypo-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary axis during static exercise.
Poisoning of Spindt-type molybdenum field emitter arrays by CO2 (1998)

The effect of CO2 on the emission characteristics of Spindt-type molybdenum field emission cathode arrays is investigated. Exposure of active field emitters to CO2 results in emission degradation. The degradation ranges from (11.8 ± 3.8)% for 10 L to (77.2 ± 12.6)% for 5000 L CO2 exposures. The emission loss results from the formation of molybdenum oxide on tip surfaces, resulting in an increased work function. Work function changes of 0%–7.5% have been measured. The emission changes resulting from CO2 exposures are similar to the effects observed with O2 exposures. The emission degradation mechanism is the interaction of oxygen with molybdenum forming surface molybdenum oxides, thus resulting in a higher surface work function and lower emission current. The emission degradation resulting from CO2 exposure is compared to the emission enhancement produced by exposure to CH4.
Short Notices (1964)

Short Notices Get access JOHN ROACH JOHN ROACH Corpus Christi CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXIX, Issue CCCXIII, October 1964, Pages 835–836, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXIX.CCCXIII.835 Published: 01 October 1964
Learning From Less Data: Diversified Subset Selection and Active Learning in Image Classification Tasks (2018)

Supervised machine learning based state-of-the-art computer vision techniques are in general data hungry and pose the challenges of not having adequate computing resources and of high costs involved in human labeling efforts. Training data subset selection and active learning techniques have been proposed as possible solutions to these challenges respectively. A special class of subset selection functions naturally model notions of diversity, coverage and representation and they can be used to eliminate redundancy and thus lend themselves well for training data subset selection. They can also help improve the efficiency of active learning in further reducing human labeling efforts by selecting a subset of the examples obtained using the conventional uncertainty sampling based techniques. In this work we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of two diversity models, namely the Facility-Location and Disparity-Min models for training-data subset selection and reducing labeling effort. We do this for a variety of computer vision tasks including Gender Recognition, Scene Recognition and Object Recognition. Our results show that subset selection done in the right way can add 2-3% in accuracy on existing baselines, particularly in the case of less training data. This allows the training of complex machine learning models (like Convolutional Neural Networks) with much less training data while incurring minimal performance loss.
A robot exploration strategy based on Q-learning network (2016)

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning method for exploring a corridor environment with the depth information from an RGB-D sensor only. The robot controller achieves obstacle avoidance ability by pre-training of feature maps using the depth information. The system is based on the recent Deep Q-Network (DQN) framework where a convolution neural network structure was adopted in the Q-value estimation of the Q-learning method. We separate the DQN into a supervised deep learning structure and a Q-learning network. The experiments of a Turtlebot in the Gazebo simulation environment show the robustness to different kinds of corridor environments. All of the experiments use the same pre-training deep learning structure. Note that the robot is traveling in environments which are different from the pre-training environment. It is the first time that raw sensor information is used to build such an exploring strategy for robotics by reinforcement learning.
A Dataflow-Pattern-Based Recommendation Framework for Data Service Mashup (2015)

Though the existing data service mashup tools are gaining acceptance, it is still challenging for developers with no or little programming skills to develop data service mashups for dealing with situational and ad-hoc business problems. The paper focuses on interactive recommendation in which assistance is provided in a context-sensitive manner when the mashup plan can't be determined in advance. The paper analyzes the problem with a motivating scenario of mashup building for criminal investigation. Inspired by the observation that there exist dataflow patterns for certain integration functionalities, a dataflow-pattern-based recommendation framework is proposed to solve the problems. The framework can not only recommend data services by discovering similar situations, but also recommend mashup patterns and target data services. We propose a method to analyze the relationships between data services and dataflow patterns through both mining history logs and matching the input/output parameters. Further, to recommend target data services, we propose a method to transform the data mashup plans into mixed graphs and apply the graph-based substructure pattern mining (gSpan) algorithm on them. Experiments show that the dataflow-pattern-based recommendation approach for data service mashup is effective and efficient.
A Design Flow for Robust License Plate Localization and Recognition in Complex Scenes (2012)

In this paper, we present a new design flow for robust license plate localization and recognition. The algorithm consists of three stages: 1) license plate localization; 2) character segmentation; and 3) feature extraction and character recognition. The algorithm uses Mexican hat operator for edge detection and Euler number of a binary image for identifying the license plate region. A pre-processing step using median filter and contrast enhancement is employed to improve the character segmentation performance in case of low resolution and blur images. A unique feature vector comprised of region properties, projection data and reflection symmetry coefficient has been proposed. Back propagation artificial neural network classifier has been used to train and test the neural network based on the extracted feature. A thorough testing of algorithm is performed on a database with varying test cases in terms of illumination and different plate conditions. Practical considerations like existence of another text block in an image, presence of dirt or shadow on or near license plate region, license plate with rows of characters and sensitivity to license plate dimensions have been addressed. The results are encouraging with success rate of 98.10% for license plate localization and 97.05% for character recognition.
Atomically sharp silicon and metal field emitters (1991)

A method is described for forming atomically sharp silicon tips of less than 10-15 degrees half-angle by utilizing a known oxidation inhibition at regions of high curvature; equally sharp silicon wedges are now made in a similar fashion. The sharp silicon tips serve as the starting point for forming sharp tips of W, beta -W and gold. Field emission data from silicon emitters are compared with Fowler-Nordheim modelling and emission as a function of emitter-anode distance is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of dynamic and static operation of a novel optical read-out technology for micromachined cantilever sensors (2010)

A novel, optical approach to the interrogation of MEMS cantilever sensors is discussed. We investigate the effects of placing a diffraction grating in a Si waveguide below a cantilever arm, to create a resonant cavity which will create interference on an optical signal through the waveguide. We look at FDTD simulations of the optical power transmitted through this device as the cantilever's height changes in relation to the diffraction grating. We discuss the use of this interrogation technique on micro-cantilever-based sensors operating in both the dynamic and static mode.
System Design Considerations In Bar-Code Laser Scanning (1984)

The unified transfer function approach to the design of laser barcode scanner signal acquisition hardware is considered. The treatment of seemingly disparate system areas such as the optical train, the scanning spot, the electrical filter circuits, the effects of noise, and printing errors is presented using linear systems theory. Such important issues as determination of depth of modulation, filter specification, tolerancing of optical components, and optimi-zation of system performance in the presence of noise are discussed. The concept of effective spot size to allow for impact of optical system and analog processing circuitry upon depth of modulation is introduced. Considerations are limited primarily to Gaussian spot profiles, but also apply to more general cases. Attention is paid to realistic bar-code symbol models and to implications with respect to printing tolerances.
Advances in Matrices, Finite and Infinite, with Applications 2014 (2014)

Peer Reviewed
Spatial code recognition in neuronal RNA targeting: Role of RNA–hnRNP A2 interactions (2011)

In neurons, regulation of gene expression occurs in part through translational control at the synapse. A fundamental requirement for such local control is the targeted delivery of select neuronal mRNAs and regulatory RNAs to distal dendritic sites. The nature of spatial RNA destination codes, and the mechanism by which they are interpreted for dendritic delivery, remain poorly understood. We find here that in a key dendritic RNA transport pathway (exemplified by BC1 RNA, a dendritic regulatory RNA, and protein kinase M ζ [PKMζ] mRNA, a dendritic mRNA), noncanonical purine•purine nucleotide interactions are functional determinants of RNA targeting motifs. These motifs are specifically recognized by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNP A2), a trans-acting factor required for dendritic delivery. Binding to hnRNP A2 and ensuing dendritic delivery are effectively competed by RNAs with CGG triplet repeat expansions. CGG repeats, when expanded in the 5' untranslated region of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mRNA, cause fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. The data suggest that cellular dysregulation observed in the presence of CGG repeat RNA may result from molecular competition in neuronal RNA transport pathways.