gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical and Radiative Properties of Particulates at Diesel Engine Exhaust (1994)

Abstract A qualitative physical characterization of particulates emitted in undiluted exhaust of single cylinder direct injection (D. I.) diesel engine was performed. In the experiments, an optical technique based on a Xenon lamp was used to measure scattering and extinction coefficients in the spectral range of 0.2 to 0.6 nm at the exhaust of an engine operating under steady-state conditions. The spectral nature of the data was first compared against the theoretical predictions performed for spherical particles and clusters, using the complex index of refraction data for glassy carbon. Additional calculations were performed after determining the spectral refractive index of exhaust soot directly from experiments, which yielded better comparisons with the measured scattering efficiency spectra. The discrete dipole approximation was employed to predict radiative properties of 16, 32, and 64-sphere random-shaped clusters. Based on these comparisons, the effective size of exhaust soot particles was estimated qualitatively for different experimental conditions
OI-ELA Poly-Si TFTs for Eliminating Residual Source/Drain Junction Defects (2005)

Residual ion doping damage near the source/drain junctions of excimer laser annealed (ELA) polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors, caused by incomplete annealing near the source/drain junction due to laser beam diffraction at the gate edge, was successfully eliminated by a new method called oblique-incidence ELA (OI-ELA). The laser beam for dopant-activation was irradiated obliquely so that the problem of incomplete annealing, due to diffraction at the gate edges, was eliminated. OI-ELA poly-Si TFTs have considerably improved electrical characteristics compared with conventional ELA poly-Si TFTs, including such properties as on-current, field effect mobility, and hot-carrier stress stability. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Preparation of 4-Oxo-<scp>l</scp>-norvaline via Diazomethane Homologation of β-Aspartyl Semialdehyde (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPreparation of 4-Oxo-l-norvaline via Diazomethane Homologation of β-Aspartyl SemialdehydeR. Marshall Werner, Ori Shokek, and Jeffery T. DavisView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 23, 8243–8246Publication Date (Web):November 14, 1997Publication History Received16 June 1997Published online14 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971088ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971088abrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views840Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Inhibitors,Ketones,Peptides and proteins,Protective groups Get e-Alerts
Modulation of Allergenicity of Major House Dust Mite Allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 by Interaction with an Endogenous Ligand (2009)

Although many allergens bind endogenous molecules other than Abs in the human body, whether the interaction can modulate allergenicity has been unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of the interaction of recombinant major mite group 1 allergens (Der f 1 and Der p 1), which belong to the papain-like cysteine protease family, with an endogenous protease inhibitor, cystatin A, on their allergenicity. Cystatin A bound reduced forms of the allergens, in which the cysteine residue at the catalytic center of the protease activity was reduced by treatment with L-cysteine, but did not bind oxidized forms. Cystatin A partially inhibited the binding of IgE in mite-allergic volunteers' sera to the reduced forms, but unexpectedly enhanced the basophil histamine-releasing activity. A catalytic site-mutant of Der f 1 behaved in terms of histamine release, similarly to the reduced form. Molecular modeling showed that cystatin A interacts with the allergens within a narrow area. The results indicate that interaction with cystatin A reduces the limited number of IgE epitopes of the allergens but enhances their biological activity to release histamine, suggesting a new concept, that interaction between allergens and their endogenous ligands modulates the allergenicity even toward enhancement in the effector phase. On the other hand, i.p. immunization without alum of mice with cystatin A-treated reduced Der f 1 induced less serum Der f 1-specific IgE than immunization with reduced Der f 1 alone, suggesting that endogenous protease inhibitors suppress the induction of allergen-specific IgE, which is dependent on the enzymatic activity of cysteine protease-allergens, in the sensitization process.
Hail resistance of roofing products (1969)

e) Weathering tends to lower the hail resistance of asphalt shingles. (f) Built-up roofs on dense substrates tend to resist hail better than those on soft substrates.
Cross-Resistance of a Chlorsulfuron-Resistant Biotype of <i>Stellaria media</i> to a Triazolopyrimidine Herbicide (1990)

A biotype of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. has been identified that is highly resistant to the herbicide chlorsulfuron. Resistance is due to an altered acetolactate synthase (ALS) that is much less sensitive to chlorsulfuron than the ALS from the susceptible (S) biotype. The S biotype was extremely sensitive to D489 (N-[2,6-dichlorophenyl]-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5a] pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide), a member of a new class of triazolopyrimidine herbicides, while the chlorsulfuron-resistant biotype exhibited complete cross-resistance at both the whole plant and enzyme levels. ALS activity of the S biotype was reduced by approximately 90% in the presence of 0.1 micromolar D489, while that of the R biotype was reduced by less than 10%. This result suggests that the two herbicides share a common binding site on ALS. Only very slight cross-resistance at the ALS level was found to imazamethabenz, an imidazolinone herbicide.
AlN/AlGaInN superlattice light-emitting diodes at 280 nm (2003)

Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes operating at 280 nm, grown by gas source molecular-beam epitaxy with ammonia, are described. The device is composed of n- and p-type superlattices of AlN(1.2 nm thick)/AlGaInN(0.5 nm thick) doped with Si and Mg, respectively. With these superlattices, and despite the high average Al content, we obtain hole concentrations of (0.7–1.1)×1018 cm−3, with the mobility of 3–4 cm2/V s and electron concentrations of 3×1019 cm−3, with the mobility of 10–20 cm2/V s, at room temperature. These carrier concentrations are sufficient to form effective p–n junctions needed in UV light sources.
Ideal Hash Trees (2001)

Hash Trees with nearly ideal characteristics are described. These Hash Trees require no initial root hash table yet are faster and use significantly less space than chained or double hash trees. Insert, search and delete times are small and constant, independent of key set size, operations are O(1). Small worst-case times for insert, search and removal operations can be guaranteed and misses cost less than successful searches. Array Mapped Tries(AMT), first described in Fast and Space Efficient Trie Searches, Bagwell [2000], form the underlying data structure. The concept is then applied to external disk or distributed storage to obtain an algorithm that achieves single access searches, close to single access inserts and greater than 80 percent disk block load factors. Comparisons are made with Linear Hashing, Litwin, Neimat, and Schneider [1993] and B-Trees, R.Bayer and E.M.McCreight [1972]. In addition two further applications of AMTs are briefly described, namely, Class/Selector dispatch tables and IP Routing tables. Each of the algorithms has a performance and space usage that is comparable to contemporary implementations but simpler.
MEMS switching of contour-mode aluminum nitride resonators for switchable and reconfigurable radio frequency filters (2016)

Switching of transducer coupling in aluminum nitride contour-mode resonators provides an enabling technology for future tunable and reconfigurable filters for multi-function RF systems. By using microelectromechanical capacitive switches to realize the transducer electrode fingers, coupling between the metal electrode finger and the piezoelectric material is modulated to change the response of the device. On/off switched width extensional resonators with an area of < 0.2 mm<sup>2</sup> demonstrate a Q of 2000, K<sup>2</sup> of 0.72, and > 24 dB switching ratio at a resonator center frequency of 635 MHz. Here, other device examples include a 63 MHz resonator with switchable impedance and a 470 MHz resonator with 127 kHz of fine center frequency tuning accomplished by mass loading of the resonator with the MEMS switches.
On metric sorting for successive cancellation list decoding of polar codes (2015)

We focus on the metric sorter unit of successive cancellation list decoders for polar codes, which lies on the critical path in all current hardware implementations of the decoder. We review existing metric sorter architectures and we propose two new architectures that exploit the structure of the path metrics in a log-likelihood ratio based formulation of successive cancellation list decoding. Our synthesis results show that, for the list size of L = 32, our first proposed sorter is 14% faster and 45% smaller than existing sorters, while for smaller list sizes, our second sorter has a higher delay in return for up to 36% reduction in the area.
Neutrophil activation and production of reactive oxygen species in pre-eclampsia (2003)

Neutrophils isolated from women with pre-eclampsia during the third trimester showed increased sensitivity to agonist stimulation and produced significantly more ROS than age-matched normotensive controls. This was not due to an increased abundance of any of the phox proteins. Increased ROS production in pre-eclampsia may highlight a role for neutrophils in the oxidative stress and associated endothelial dysfunction that are characteristic of the condition.
Three-phase flux reversal machine (FRM) (1999)

A flux reversal machine (FRM) is a doubly-salient stator-permanent magnet (PM) machine with a windingless rotor, where the flux reverses polarities in the stator concentrated coils. The FRM may be built in single- or multiple-phase configurations. The three-phase FRM is studied in terms of magnetic field distribution, cogging and interaction torque and self and mutual inductances through finite element analysis (2-D FEA). Rotor/stator geometrical variables that influence the cogging and interaction torques are identified. Rotor skewing to reduce the cogging torque is successfully demonstrated. A suboptimised configuration based on an initial-geometry prototype is documented. Other potential two-, three- and five-phase pole combinations with adequate rotor skewing angle are also given. Low electrical time constant, low torque ripple and good torque density in a rugged, easily manufactured, novel machine (the 3 phase machine) are proved through FEA. The encouraging results obtained through FEA constitute a strong foundation for the optimal design, and for the analysis of FRM transients and control.
A New Paradigm for using GNSS for Road Tolling (2009)

Transportation demand management, transportation
funding, and the greenhouse gas (GHG) contribution from
vehicles are combining to force many transport authorities
worldwide to consider wide area tolling programs that
charge based on time of use, distance traveled and place
of travel (Time-Distance-Place, or TDP pricing).
Programs that use GPS for reliable tolling have succeeded
in open sky, but not in built up cities. Over a six-year
period starting in 2002, we have developed a solution to the urban canyon problem that is specific to road tolling,
parking and pay-as-you-drive insurance. This involves
proprietary filtering of ranging signals and a body of
optimized and tolling-specialized GIS algorithms that
guarantee “same-trip, same-charge”.

Following a short review of early GNSS tolling methods
adopted from automotive navigation, microwave tolling
and mobile asset management, we consider several
critical differences between the application of GNSS to
navigation and its application to tolling, including: error
tolerance, the efficacy of map-matching, the admissibility
of human-in-the-loop and the criticality of real-time (zero
lag). We will argue that these differences call for a new
look at the use of navigation techniques in tolling
applications.

We argue for a novel, liability-critical approach to the
solution for GNSS-based road tolling rather than simply
waiting for improvements in real-time navigation
capability in harsh environments. Our approach, by turns,
mitigates positioning error, distance errors and finally
charging errors in order to produce reliable, accurate and
repeatable charging measurements.

We outline a new architecture, some high-level
processing steps, and illustrate some recent results. We
describe a case study involving multiple-vehicles,
multiple-routes, over many tens of repetitions in a very
challenging urban canyon in Seoul Korea.

We assert this same system architecture is able to handle
related applications such as parking, insurance,
congestion mapping, etc., allowing a broader package of
transportation demand tools for our congested surface
networks.

We conclude that GPS, deployed this way, is now ready
to provide road-use metering in any signal environment
and that “financial-grade” data from such a system will be
of sufficient evidentiary quality to be used in court to
prove that time, distance and location were correctly
metered.
Time-resolved photoluminescence study on Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As spontaneous vertical quantum well structures (1996)

We report on time-resolved photoluminescence study of AlxGa1−xAs spontaneous vertical quantum well (SVQW) structures on GaAs V-grooved substrates. Four distinct photoluminescence peaks are observed originating from the spatial nonuniformity of the alloy compositions spontaneously formed during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth. The decay time of the (111)A sidewall AlGaAs decreased with increasing temperature, while that of the SVQW increased. The rise time of the SVQW was found to be longer than the typical value of the exciton formation and increases with increasing temperature, indicating that the exciton formation is not limiting factor of the rise time. These results are explained in terms of the exciton diffusion toward the SVQW from the outer AlGaAs layers with less Ga compositions. In addition, two dimensionality of the SVQW was evidenced by temperature dependence of the radiative lifetime.
The role of serotonin in sexual dysfunction: fluoxetine-associated orgasm dysfunction. (1991)

Iatrogenic sexual dysfunction has been associated with many pharmacologic agents. The authors report 6 cases of orgasm dysfunction associated with the use of fluorxetine in 77 depressed outpatients. Fluoxetine is a novel antidepressant known to block the reuptake of serotonin with little effect on other neurotransmitter systems. Because fluoxetine has a specific mechanism of action, it serves as a useful model to hypothesize about potential mechanisms of drug-induced sexual dysfunction. The possible effects of serotonin on central, spinal, and peripheral anatomical areas are discussed in relation to drug-induced sexual dysfunction.
Mammalian GADD34, an Apoptosis- and DNA Damage-inducible Gene (1997)

The mammalian cellular response to genotoxic stress is a complex process involving many known and probably many as yet unknown genes. Induction of the human DNA damage- and growth arrest-inducible gene, GADD34, by ionizing radiation was only seen in certain cell lines and correlated with apoptosis following ionizing radiation. In addition, the kinetics and dose response of GADD34 to ionizing radiation closely paralleled that of the apoptosis inhibitor, BAX. However, unlike BAX, the GADD34 response was independent of cellular p53 status. The carboxyl terminus of GADD34 has homology with the carboxyl termini of two viral proteins, one of which is known to prevent apoptosis of virus infected cells. The association of GADD34 expression with certain types of apoptosis and its homology with a known apoptosis regulator suggests that GADD34 may play a role in apoptosis as well.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Sweet Taste Proteins: II. Development of Two Different Immunoassays for Thaumatin and Monellin (1993)

Two different types of immunoassays for the detection and quantitation of thaumatin and monellin, plant proteins with intense sweet taste properties, have been developed. A tandem enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of thaumatin, in which one monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against thaumatin (TM-1-D) was used as the solid-phase "capture" antibody, while the second mAb antibody (TM-1-C) was labeled with biotin. A standard curve for the assay was obtained and had a correlation coefficient of 0.987; the detection limit of the immunoassay was 5 ng/ml. Using a single anti-monellin mAb, a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for monellin. The competitive binding of biotinylated monellin and known monellin standards with mAb 4.2E was examined; this assay had a minimum detection limit of 30 micrograms/ml.
Synthesis of Functional Materials by Non-Newtonian Microfluidic Multiphase System (2016)

With increasing level of polymer solution involvement in multiphase microdevice for formation of emulsion and fabrication of functional materials, it is of paramount importance to systematically understand the relevant physics of droplet formation in non-Newtonian fluids and how the material formation process may be affected due to the complex rheological effect. The chapter aims to review and discuss the recent advances in technologies that enable fabrication and application of functional materials formed from non-Newtonian microfluidic multiphase system. Rheological behavior of polymer solutions and the mathematical models are reviewed. The influence of microstructure on rheological behavior of polymer solutions and the fundamental physical phenomena driving non-Newtonian microfluidic multiphase system are discussed. Shear thinning and viscoelastic effect on breakup dynamics and droplet formation are presented. The microfabrication process of the device and synthesis of emulsion-templated materials with potential industrial and biochemical applications are elucidated.
Klenow Fragment Discriminates against the Incorporation of the Hyperoxidized dGTP Lesion Spiroiminodihydantoin into DNA (2015)

Defining the biological consequences of oxidative DNA damage remains an important and ongoing area of investigation. At the foundation of understanding the repercussions of such damage is a molecular-level description of the action of DNA-processing enzymes, such as polymerases. In this work, we focus on a secondary, or hyperoxidized, oxidative lesion of dG that is formed by oxidation of the primary oxidative lesion, 2'-deoxy-8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxodG). In particular, we examine incorporation into DNA of the diastereomers of the hyperoxidized guanosine triphosphate lesion spiroiminodihydantoin-2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphate (dSpTP). Using kinetic parameters, we describe the ability of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I lacking 3' → 5' exonuclease activity (KF(-)) to utilize (S)-dSpTP and (R)-dSpTP as building blocks during replication. We find that both diastereomers act as covert lesions, similar to a Trojan horse: KF(-) incorporates the lesion dNTP opposite dC, which is a nonmutagenic event; however, during the subsequent replication, it is known that dSp is nearly 100% mutagenic. Nevertheless, using kpol/Kd to define the nucleotide incorporation specificity, we find that the extent of oxidation of the dGTP-derived lesion correlates with its ability to be incorporated into DNA. KF(-) has the highest specificity for incorporation of dGTP opposite dC. The selection factors for incorporating 8-oxodGTP, (S)-dSpTP, and (R)-dSpTP are 1700-, 64000-, and 850000-fold lower, respectively. Thus, KF(-) is rigorous in its discrimination against incorporation of the hyperoxidized lesion, and these results suggest that the specificity of cellular polymerases provides an effective mechanism to avoid incorporating dSpTP lesions into DNA from the nucleotide pool.
Suppression of Disease in New Zealand Black/New Zealand White Lupus-Prone Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Ex Vivo Expanded Regulatory T Cells (2006)

An increasing number of studies indicate that a subset of CD4(+) T cells with regulatory capacity (regulatory T cells; T(regs)) can function to control organ-specific autoimmune disease. To determine whether abnormalities of thymic-derived T(regs) play a role in systemic lupus erythematosus, we evaluated T(reg) prevalence and function in (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White)F(1) (B/W) lupus-prone mice. To explore the potential of T(regs) to suppress disease, we evaluated the effect of adoptive transfer of purified, ex vivo expanded thymic-derived T(regs) on the progression of renal disease. We found that although the prevalence of T(regs) is reduced in regional lymph nodes and spleen of prediseased B/W mice compared with age-matched non-autoimmune mice, these cells increase in number in older diseased mice. In addition, the ability of these cells to proliferate in vitro was comparable to those purified from non-autoimmune control animals. Purified CD4(+)CD25(+)CD62L(high) B/W T(regs) were expanded ex vivo 80-fold, resulting in cells with a stable suppressor phenotype. Adoptive transfer of these exogenously expanded cells reduced the rate at which mice developed renal disease; a second transfer after treated animals had developed proteinuria further slowed the progression of renal disease and significantly improved survival. These studies indicate that thymic-derived T(regs) may have a significant role in the control of autoimmunity in lupus-prone B/W mice, and augmentation of these cells may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Energy saving techniques for architecture design of portable embedded devices (2002)

Architectural transformations are efficient means for reducing energy consumption of portable devices. In this paper we survey state-of-the-art techniques that target energy saving in the architecture design, and outline difficulties in their practical implementation. Future challenges in low energy architecture design are summarized.