gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How much dystrophin is enough: the physiological consequences of different levels of dystrophin in the<i>mdx</i>mouse (2015)

Splice modulation therapy has shown great clinical promise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, resulting in the production of dystrophin protein. Despite this, the relationship between restoring dystrophin to established dystrophic muscle and its ability to induce clinically relevant changes in muscle function is poorly understood. In order to robustly evaluate functional improvement, we used in situ protocols in the mdx mouse to measure muscle strength and resistance to eccentric contraction-induced damage. Here, we modelled the treatment of muscle with pre-existing dystrophic pathology using antisense oligonucleotides conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide. We reveal that 15% homogeneous dystrophin expression is sufficient to protect against eccentric contraction-induced injury. In addition, we demonstrate a >40% increase in specific isometric force following repeated administrations. Strikingly, we show that changes in muscle strength are proportional to dystrophin expression levels. These data define the dystrophin restoration levels required to slow down or prevent disease progression and improve overall muscle function once a dystrophic environment has been established in the mdx mouse model.
Diagnosis of infections with <i>Leishmania infantum</i> using PCR–ELISA (2001)

On the basis of partial amplification of a cloned fragment of kDNA of Leishmania infantum which is specific for this species, we developed a PCR-ELISA technique which avoids the problems associated with classical diagnostic techniques. This technique was tested on 33 L. infantum strains from 19 different zymodemes, which were recognized equally. It was also used on human and canine clinical samples. PCR-ELISA has a higher sensitivity than the other techniques used (IFAT, parasite cultures, optical microscopy of stained samples) and permits detection of a minimum of 0.1 promastigotes or 1 fg of genomic DNA. PCR-ELISA can be used to diagnose human cutaneous leishmaniasis using material obtained by scraping the lesion margin, and human visceral leishmaniasis in HIV(+) individuals and canine leishmaniasis with peripheral blood samples. The presence of L. infantum in dogs with low antibody titres with IFAT technique (20 and 40) was demonstrated indicating that seroprevalence data from epidemiological studies underestimate the true rates of infection.
Diagnostic System for Ball Bearing Quality Control (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the test and construction of a bearing analyzer which employs the High Frequency Resonance Technique (HFRT) for fault detection and identification. The analyzer consists of a mechanical console on which the test bearing is mounted, loaded, and brought up to speed, and an electronic console which receives bearing vibrations via an accelerometer mounted on the bearing retainer, and processes same to provide a digital unit readout indicative of bearing condition.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Preliminary testing indicates that the bearing analyzer as hereby presented can distinguish between “good” and “bad” ball bearings. The results obtained on the bearing analyzer were found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained through manual inspection techniques. Further testing and evaluation, however, is necessary before the analyzer can be fully qualified as an inspection tool. Tests are presently in process at CCAD.</div>
Rapid Two-Step Synthesis of Mitrin from Heparosan:  A Replacement for Heparin (2003)

We have engineered a two-step enzymatic synthesis of Mitrin which is a more potent and homogeneous anticoagulant than the current animal-derived heparin. This engineered heparin may have advantages of being free from animal-derived pathogens and may also have reduced side effects such as heparin induced thrombocytopenia. This approach can also be extended to tailor heparin-based drugs with improved therapeutic characteristics to treat other disorders or infections in which heparin-like molecules play a major role.
The ABCs of specification: asml, behavior, and components. (2001)

We show how to use AsmL, an executable specification language, to provide behavioral interfaces for components. This allows clients to fully understand the meaning of an implementation without access to the source code. AsmL implements the concept of behavioral subtyping to ensure the substitutability of components and provides many advanced specification features such as generic types, transactional semantics, invariants and history constraints.
Airspace congestion smoothing by multi-objective genetic algorithm (2005)

Air traffic control systems become more and more congested due to the increase of demand. One way to reduce this congestion is to modify the flight plans (slot of departure and route of aircraft) in order to adapt the demand to the available capacity. This paper addresses the general time-route assignment problem which can be stated as follows: one has to find an optimal time of departure and an optimal route for all the aircraft involved in the considered airspace, in order to minimize the associated congestion and the induced delay. This problem is a multi-objective NP_Hard problem. We perform our research on the application of multi-objective stochastic methods on real traffic data without using the flow network concept, but by simulating the flight of each aircraft. The first results show that our approach is able to reduce congestion of the French airspace by a factor 2.
Local area network (LAN) (2003)

Stemming from some early experiments in the late 1960s, development of the first generation local area network, or LAN, took place during the 1970s. The goal was an inexpensive network suitable for use in a classroom, laboratory, suite of offices, or, perhaps, an entire building, to enable personal computers to share more expensive peripherals such as printers and large disk drives. Standardization in the early 1980s was followed by worldwide deployment of 10 Mb/sec LANs. By the end of the decade, desktop computer systems interconnected throughout an institutional building or site had become common, producing a local site scaling problem with traffic and numbers of connected systems.
Three-dimensional imaging by sub-Nyquist sampling of white-light interferograms (1993)

We demonstrate a simple way of increasing the data acquisition and processing speed in a scanning white-light interferometer for surface topography measurement. The method consists of undersampling interference data and processing the resultant sub-Nyquist interferograms in the frequency domain to create complete three-dimensional images. Experimental results on a 20-μm step height standard show a measurement repeatability of 10 nm.
Insects of Citrus and Other Subtropical Fruits (1938)

t:. (~~.1.. -S'vbt"Vt:>f'~ F~ ~ ~ ~s~{b) ~ fhe most important fig insects are those that attack the ripening and partially dried figs, and the well-dried harvested figs. These include the dried fruit beetle, Ca~ophilus hemipterus Linn. (p. 314); vinegar flies Drosophila~~ (p. 338~ the Indian meal moth, Plodia ~nterpunctella (Hbn.) {p. 385); the fig moth, Ephesti~ ~~utella Walk.~(p.405); and the dried
Assessment of savings and operating characteristics of the Hot Water Saver: residential test analysis (1983)

This year-long study was undertaken to evaluate the savings potential of the Hot Water Saver, an energy conservation device designed to reduce water heating costs. The project involved installing the device in twenty-four homes in the Tri-Cities, Washington, and monitoring water heater energy use and hot water consumption through specially designed metering equipment. A special plumbing arrangement allowed the HWS to be included in the hot water system or to be bypassed, and timers switched between these test and control conditions on alternate days. The homes were monitored between August and December, 1983. The report includes an analysis of the data, summary of mechanical performance over the monitoring period, and summary of the results of interviews with the test subjects on the operating characteristics of the device.
Double-antibody fluorescence immunoassay of tobramycin. (1981)

This heterogeneous assay for tobramycin involves fluorescein-labeled tobramycin, which competes with native unlabeled tobramycin for anti-tobramycin binding sites. Bound and free labeled antigen are separated by precipitation with a second antibody. Fluorescence intensity of the resuspended precipitate is inversely proportional to native tobramycin concentration. Background interference was consistently about 10% of the total fluorescence precipitated. Assay sensitivity was sufficient to detect nanogram quantities of tobramycin per assay tube. Correlation coefficients (r) were 0.96 and 0.98 for comparisons of this assay with a microbiological assay and a radioimmunoassay, respectively. Mean analytical recovery was 101% and the CV was less than 10% throughout the therapeutic range.
VERWENDUNG VON MUELLVERBRENNUNGSASCHEN ALS ZUSCHLAGSTOFF ZU ASPHALT - UEBERLEGUNGEN ZU MOEGLICHEN AUFBEREITUNGSMASSNAHMEN (1988)

DURCH LABOR-, PRUEFSTAND- UND FELDVERSUCHE WURDE DER NACHWEIS ERBRACHT, DASS RUECKSTAENDE AUS DER MUELLVERBRENNUNG ALS ZUSCHLAGSTOFF IM ASPHALTOBERBAU ODER IN ASPHALTFUNDATIONSSCHICHTEN VERWENDET WERDEN KOENNEN. DIE IM RAHMEN EINER ERWEITERTEN EIGNUNGSPRUEFUNG HIERFUER HERANZUZIEHENDEN PRUFVERFAHREN WERDEN GENANNT UND EMPFEHLUNGEN FUER GRENZ- ODER RICHTWERTE DER DABEI GEMESSENEN MERKMALE GEGEBEN. WEITERE VERFAHREN DER THERMISCHEN ABFALLBEHANDLUNG, WIE MUELLVERSCHWELUNG UND MUELLVERSCHMELZUNG, WERDEN BESCHRIEBEN. LETZTERE ERMOEGLICHT AUCH DAS EINSCHMELZEN VON FLUGASCHEN UND FILTERSTAEUBEN UND IHRE UMWANDLUNG IN UNGEFAEHRLICHE FESTBAUSTOFFE. DIE SCHMELZSCHLACKEN KOENNEN UNEINGESCHRAENKT IM STRASSENBAU VERWENDET WERDEN. ES WIRD ANGEREGT, AUCH FILTERSTAEUBE AUS MUELLVERBRENNUNGS- UND MUELLVERSCHWELUNGSANLAGEN EINER WEITERVERARBEITUNG IN ZENTRALEN SINTERANLAGEN ZUZUFUEHREN. ZUSAETZLICH WERDEN UEBERLEGUNGEN UEBER DEN ZWECKMAESSIGEN STANDORT DERARTIGER SINTERANLAGEN UND EINE ENERGIESPARENDE WEITERVERARBEITUNG DER SCHLACKEN IN KOMBINATION MIT EINEM ASPHALTMISCHWERK ANGESTELLT.
20 TGF-β Family Signaling in Stem Cell Renewal and Differentiation (2008)

Stem cells are defined as cells that have the ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal and to generate mature cells of a particular tissue through differentiation. Embryonic stem (ES) cells self-renew indefinitely and give rise to derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Somatic stem cells have also been identified in various adult organs, and in most cases, they exhibit limited abilities for self-renewal and differentiation. The capacity of ES cells and somatic stem cells for multilineage differentiation may yield replacement cell therapies for genetic, malignant, and degenerative diseases. The signaling cascades that govern stem cell renewal and differentiation have been the subject of extensive studies. The first half of this chapter describes how transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signaling, in cooperation with other signaling cascades, maintains the self-renewal and pluripotency of human and mouse ES cells and induces their differentiation toward specific cell lineages. The second half of this chapter discusses the roles of TGF-β family signaling in the self-renewal and differentiation of somatic stem cells. TGF-β FAMILY SIGNALING IN ES CELLS Establishment of Mouse and Human ES Cells and Their Unique Features During early mouse embryogenesis, embryos are partitioned into extraembryonic and embryonic components. The embryonic component, referred to as the inner cell mass, is the source of all tissues of the developing embryo and fetus, and ultimately the adult organism. The inner cell mass also serves as the source of mouse ES cells. One of the defining features of mouse ES cells is their potential to undergo...
Synthesis and radioiodination of N-Boc-p-(tri-n-butylstannyl)-L-phenylalanine tetrafluorophenyl ester: Preparation of a radiolabeled phenylalanine derivative for peptide synthesis (1993)

An investigation to prepare a phenylalanine derivative which could be radioiodinated and used directly in peptide synthesis was conducted. N-Boc-p-(tri-n-butylstannyl)-L-phenylalanine tetrafluorophenyl ester was targeted and synthesized from N-Boc-p-iodo-L-phenylalanine. The requisite aryl stannylation reaction was found to be best conducted using the phenylalanine methyl ester. Thus, N-Boc-p-iodo-L-phenylalanine methyl ester was prepared and stannylated using bis(tributyltin) and tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) in refluxing toluene to prepare N-Boc-p-(tri-n-butylstannyl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester. Demethylation with aqueous base was accomplished without racemization to yield N-Boc-p-(tri-n-butylstannyl)-L-phenylalanine. Preparation of the targeted stannylphenylalanine tetrafluorophenyl ester was then accomplished using 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol and 1,3-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide in anhydrous THF. Iodination and radioiodination reactions of the targeted compound were conducted in MeOH/1% HOAc to yield 83-95% of the desired N-Boc-p-[*I]iodo-L-phenylalanine tetrafluorophenyl ester.
The artificial bowel sphincter for faecal incontinence: a single centre study (2007)

The artificial bowel sphincter is an effective treatment for FI in patients with a large anal sphincter defect. Infectious complications are the largest threat necessitating explantation of the device.
Non-contact wearable single forearm cardiac biopotential acquisition device (2013)

In this work the authors propose a novel approach to obtain the electrocardiogram in the forearm using non-contact sensing. This new solution should be at same time portable, ergonomic and robust, enabling its use in different set of applications. A system of four electrodes was used in an adjustable sleeve to be wrapped in the forearm. No additional electrode references were used in other body parts. In order to increase the sensitivity of the system, an harmonium like approach was used in the design of the electrodes. The prototype was then compared with a similar system with a flat conformation. The developed prototype enabled the acquisition of an ECG signal in the forearm and the inclusion of the harmonium like electrode conformation resulted in a considerable increase of the sensitivity of the system. The acquired signal did not enable the identification of all characteristic cardiac waves. However, it was possible to identify clearly a signal pattern, characteristic of the QRS complex. The properties of the acquired signal restrict their use in rigorous electrocardiographic studies, allowing, however, its application in heart rate variability monitoring and biometric identification without the disadvantages usually associated with conventional electrodes. This makes it specially useful for man-machine interfaces and automated identification.
The Reaction of Diphenyldichlorosilane with Ammonia and Amines (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Diphenyldichlorosilane with Ammonia and AminesErik Larsson and Lars BjellerupCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4, 995–997Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01100a512RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (458 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
NADH Oxidation Catalyzed by Electropolymerized Azines on Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes (2012)

Abstract Electropolymerizing azines on a carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrode yields a high‐surface area interface with excellent electrocatalytic activity towards NADH oxidation. Electrodeposition of poly(methylene green) (PMG) and poly(toluidine blue) (PTBO) on the carboxylated CNT‐modified electrodes was achieved by cyclic voltammetry. The PMG‐CNT interface demonstrates 5.0 mA cm −2 current density for NADH oxidation at 50 mV vs. Ag|AgCl in 20 mM NADH solution. The kinetics of NADH electrocatalysis were analyzed using a quantitative mass‐transport‐corrected model with NADH bulk concentration and applied potential as independent variables. This high‐rate poly(azine)‐CNT interface is potentially applicable to high‐performance bioconversion, bioenergy and biosensors involving NADH‐dependent dehydrogenases.
Dynamic transparent virtual network embedding over elastic optical infrastructures (2013)

We propose a novel dynamic transparent virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithm, which considers node mapping and link mapping jointly, for network virtualization over optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (O-OFDM) based elastic optical infrastructures. For each virtual optical network (VON) request, the algorithm first transfers the substrate optical network into a layered-auxiliary-graph according to the spectrum usage of each fiber link, then applies a node mapping approach that considers the local information of all substrate nodes, and accomplishes the link mapping, in a single layer of the auxiliary graph. The simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm considers the uniqueness of O-OFDM networks and outperforms two reference algorithms that directly apply the VNE schemes developed for Layer 2/3 or WDM network virtualization, by providing lower VON blocking probability. The simulations with a realistic topology also demonstrate that the average lengths of embedded substrate paths are well-controlled within the typical transmission reaches of O-OFDM signals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal that includes both link mapping and node mapping to address dynamic transparent VNE over elastic optical infrastructures.
An algorithm for the place-and-route problem in the layout of analog circuits (1994)

This paper presents an optimization algorithm which simultaneously deals with the problems of placement and global routing in an analog macrocell layout style. The optimization process is based on a simulated annealing algorithm. We evaluate the physical placement of the cells and estimate the global routing for each intermediate solution generated. The basic idea, that together with an appropriate heuristic make the algorithm extremely efficient, consist of maintaining the same basic representative structure (slicing structures) for both problems. This method enables us to impose symmetry conditions and to penalize the existence of sensitive and noisy nets in the same channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Low-Waste Process for the Production of Biodiesel (1995)

Abstract The acceptance of methylesters (biodiesel) as an alternative fuel has rapidly increased in recent years. This development has been followed by increasing research activities in the field of methylester processes. After listing reasons that supporte arguments for biodiesel and a survey of production methods, a low-waste process for biodiesel is introduced.
An analysis of gb/s digital display symbols and clocks and their EMI impact: part I (2006)

Digital display frames and their associated symbols present a problem to the EMI engineer. Their spectrums fall somewhere between a purely repetitive symbol sequence such as a clock, and a purely random sequence of a finite set of symbols such as a Pseudorandom bit stream (PRBS). The purpose of this paper is to present a method whereby a selected set of display symbols can be ranked according to the expected EMI impact of their bit structure. The symbol set will be compared against the base clock from which the symbol is derived. The analysis will show that out of a given symbol set a subset of the symbols should be used for highly repetitive sequences such as blanking to produce emissions that can be lower by up to 10 dB. This first paper of 3 parts will discuss single-ended symbols as seen at the input to a spectrum analyzer. Part II will discuss the time derivative spectrums of single-ended symbols. Part III will then discuss differential signals and their radiated emissions.
Nucleocytoplasmic functions of the PDZ‐LIM protein family: new insights into organ development (2010)

Recent work on the PDZ-LIM protein family has revealed that it has important activities at the cellular level, mediating signals between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, with significant impact on organ development. We review and integrate current knowledge about the PDZ-LIM protein family and propose a new functional role, sequestering nuclear factors in the cytoplasm. Characterized by their PDZ and LIM domains, the PDZ-LIM family is comprised of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout the animal kingdom, from worms to humans. Combining two functional domains in one protein, PDZ-LIM proteins have wide-ranging and multi-compartmental cell functions during development and homeostasis. In contrast, misregulation can lead to cancer formation and progression. New emerging roles include interactions with integrins, T-box transcription factors, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Facilitating the assembly of protein complexes, PDZ-LIM proteins can act as signal modulators, influence actin dynamics, regulate cell architecture, and control gene transcription.
Seed migration after transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy by using loose seeds: Japanese prostate cancer outcome study of permanent iodine-125 seed implantation (J-POPS) multi-institutional cohort study (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00534196.
Triangular Mesh Generation of Octrees of Non-Convex 3D Objects (2006)

A general surface-generating algorithm, the Marching Cube, produces triangular meshes from octants where the vertices of octants are clearly classified into either inside or outside the object. However, the algorithm is ambiguous for octrees corresponding to nonconvex objects generated using a Shape from Silhouette technique. This paper presents a methodology which involves Delaunay triangulation to generate surface meshes for such octrees. Since the general 3D Delaunay triangulation creates 3D convex hull which consists of tetrahedron meshes, we propose a method which applies the Delaunay algorithm locally in order to deal with non-convex objects. The proposed method first slices an octree and detects the clusters in each slice. All clusters between adjacent slices are linked based on a 3D probability density cube. The Delaunay algorithm is then applied to locally-linked clusters. Finally the accumulation of triangular meshes forms a final non-convex surface mesh.