gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-directed tumor chemotherapy. (1978)

The therapeutic effect of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy has been augmented by their complexing or chemical linking to macromolecular carriers. The role of the carrier should be to deliver the drug preferentially to the tumor site. Potential carriers are either (1) nonspecific macromolecules whose preferential activity is due to the inherently higher permeability and pinocytic activity of tumor cells, (2) lysosomotropic agents such as DNA or liposomes, or (3) the more specific agents--antitumor antibodies. Conjugates of daunomycin to antitumor antibodies, prepared either by direct binding or by binding via dextran, were shown to retain both the antibody and the drug activity. Thus they exert specific cytotoxic activity toward tumor cells that the antibodies recognize. In vivo, these complexes are more active than the free drug in prolongation of survival of mice transplanted with the tumor cells. Conjugates of daunomycin with normal immunoglobulin or with dextran also show higher therapeutic efficacy in vivo, probably due to their capacity to reduce the cytotoxicity of daunomycin and/or to the higher permeability of neoplastic cells. But under certain conditions, mainly at low drug concentrations, the drug-antibody conjugates have an advantage over all others.
Dicopper(II) complex of the large polyazacycloalkane 1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclotetracosane (bistrien). Synthesis, crystal structure, electrochemistry, and thermodynamics of formation (1985)

The large macrocycle 1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclotetracosan(eb istrien) was synthesized. The eight basicity constants and\nthe stability constants of the dinuclear complexes [CuZ(bistrien)l4+[, C~~(bistrien)H~a]n~d' , [C~~(bistrien)OHw]~er+e determined\nby potentiometry at 25 OC in 0.5 mol dm-3 NaC10,. The formation enthalpy of [CuZ(bistrien)l4' was determined by batch\nmicrocalorimetry. The most important species, [Cu2(bistrien)14', is extremely stable (log k = 36.63) and exothermic (-AHo =\n39.0 kcal mol-'), indicating that all nitrogen atoms are involved in the coordination to the metal ions. The stability of the hydroxo\nspecies [C~~(bistrien)OH]i~s 'h igh, and its magnetic susceptibility in solution shows metal-metal interaction. Crystals of the\ncom und [Cuz(bistrien)C12](C104a)rez monoclinic, space group P2 , /m, with a = 11.811 (3) A, b = 11.352 ( 3 ) A, c = 11.385\n(3) r@ = 99.1 1 (4)O, and 2 = 2. Refinement of the atomic parameters by least squares gave a final R factor of 0.080 (R, =\n0.070) for 1340 unique reflections with F,, > 20(F,). The structure consists of centrosymmetric binuclear Cu2(bistrien) units held\ntogether by chlorine bridges forming pairs of polymeric ..-Cu-Cl-Cu-CI.-Cu zigzag chains parallel to the b axis. The copper\natoms are coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic ligand (average Cu-N = 2.04 (1) A) and one chloride ion (CuCl\n= 2.48 (2) A), forming a distorted square pyramid. One further chloride ion at 3.31 (2) A completes a distorted elongated\noctahedron. The electrochemical behavior of the dinuclear complex [CuZ(bistrien)l4' was investigated in aqueous solution by cyclic\nvoltammetry. The complex undergoes a two-electron reversible reduction into the dinuclear Cu(1) species, by two independent\nmonoelectronic steps. The reduced species is unstable with respect to the demetalation and reduction to metal.
Specific adsorption of HTLV-I to various target human and animal cells (1987)

Abstract In this report, we describe a flow cytometric analysis of HTLV-I specific binding to fresh and cultured cells on a single cell basis. This assay uses rhodamine hydrocarbon tagged, purified HTLV-I virions according to the procedure originally described for avian retroviruses. Successful HTLV-I transmission was detected by analysis of integrated HTLV-I DNA, virion-associated reverse transcriptase, and/or intracellular HTLV-I core antigen p19 expression. Only a specific virus- cell interaction was detected because nonrhodamine-tagged homologous virus or related HTLV-II interfered with tagged HTLV-I binding. In contrast, an unrelated, nonlabeled animal retrovirus was unable to block tagged HTLV binding. Of the cell lines tested, 2 nonlymphoid mammalian and 3 human lymphoid bound significantly high to moderate levels of HTLV-I-tagged virions. The other three human lymphocyte cell lines were insensitive to HTLV-I adsorption. A direct correlation was observed between HTLV-I binding sites and infectivity of human lymphoid cells alone and not other nonlymphoid animal cells. Fresh normal human mononuclear cells bound low levels of HTLV-I virions. As expected, T lymphocytes demonstrated more binding than did the non-T cell population. Enhancement of HTLV-I cell binding in a subpopulation of mononuclear target cells was achieved with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activation and interleukin 2 (IL2) stimulation, which correlates well with previously published infectivity studies.
Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate rescue on tumor response to cis-platinum in a rat model. (1980)

The nephrotoxic effects of cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum(II) (NSC-119875) (DDP) in female F344 rats were effectively inhibited by administration of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) in doses of 750 mg/kg intraperitoneally or 100 mg/kg intravenously 2 hr after administration of DDP. Rats were inoculated with mammary tumor 13762 and treated after 10 days with DDP (2.0 or 8.0 mg/kg) with or without DDTC rescue (750 mg/kg intraperitoneally or 100 mg/kg intravenously). Initial reductions in tumor size were identical with or without rescue in all experiments. High-dose intraperitoneal rescue, however, resulted in earlier relapse and more rapid progressions at both DDP doses than was observed in the absence of rescue. Low-dose intravenous rescue led to a tumor response identical to that observed without rescue. Urinary excretion of free DDTC was increased by prior administration of acetazolamide; however, this combination was more toxic to rats after DDP administration than was DDTC alone. Intravenous administration of DDTC appeared to be the most effective route for delivery of this ligand to the kidney. These results support our earlier mechanistic hypothesis and demonstrate the feasibility of inhibition of cis-platinum toxicity by DDTC without inhibition of the antitumor effect.
Analysis of expression of the human ryanodine receptor gene in malignant hyperthermia skeletal muscle tissue (1991)

Conference Article| February 01 1991 Analysis of expression of the human ryanodine receptor gene in malignant hyperthermia skeletal muscle tissue C. M. Gillian; C. M. Gillian *Dept. of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J.J.A. Heffron; J.J.A. Heffron *Dept. of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Lehane; M. Lehane +Dept. of Anaesthetics, University College Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Marks; A. Marks †Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar T.V. McCarthy T.V. McCarthy *Dept. of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (1): 46S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019046s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C. M. Gillian, J.J.A. Heffron, M. Lehane, A. Marks, T.V. McCarthy; Analysis of expression of the human ryanodine receptor gene in malignant hyperthermia skeletal muscle tissue. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1991; 19 (1): 46S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019046s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
VLSI implementation of an image compression algorithm with a new bit rate control capability (1992)

An image compression algorithm with a new bit rate control capability is presented. The bit rate control technique is developed for use in conjunction with the JPEG baseline image compression algorithm. The new method is an extension of the previously developed algorithm which is implemented in the Zoran 031 image compression chip set. The chip set comprises a discrete cosine transform (DCT) processor and an image compression coder/decoder. Both methods and the chip set are discussed in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacokinetic and <i>In Vivo</i> Efficacy Studies of the Mycobactin Biosynthesis Inhibitor Salicyl-AMS in Mice (2013)

Mycobactin biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis facilitates iron acquisition, which is required for growth and virulence. The mycobactin biosynthesis inhibitor salicyl-AMS [5'-O-(N-salicylsulfamoyl)adenosine] inhibits M. tuberculosis growth in vitro under iron-limited conditions. Here, we conducted a single-dose pharmacokinetic study and a monotherapy study of salicyl-AMS with mice. Intraperitoneal injection yielded much better pharmacokinetic parameter values than oral administration did. Monotherapy of salicyl-AMS at 5.6 or 16.7 mg/kg significantly inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in the mouse lung, providing the first in vivo proof of concept for this novel antibacterial strategy.
Optimal online scheduling of parallel jobs with dependencies (1993)

Article Optimal online scheduling of parallel jobs with dependencies Share on Authors: Anja Feldmann View Profile , Ming-Yang Kao View Profile , Jiří Sgall View Profile , Shang-Hua Teng View Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '93: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of ComputingJune 1993 Pages 642–651https://doi.org/10.1145/167088.167254Published:01 June 1993 27citation495DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations27Total Downloads495Last 12 Months20Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Aquaporins and Ion Conductance (1997)

A. J. Yool et al . studied membrane conductance in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with aquaporin1 complementary RNA ( AQP1 cRNA) and concluded that the conductance observed represented an intrinsic property of the protein ([1][1]). We have reevaluated our own studies of the AQP1 protein and have
Enhancing Transversal Relaxation for Magnetite Nanoparticles in MR Imaging Using Gd<sup>3+</sup>-Chelated Mesoporous Silica Shells (2011)

A new magnetic nanoparticle was synthesized in the form of Gd(3+)-chelated Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2). The Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle was octahedron-structured, was highly magnetic (∼94 emu/g), and was the core of an encapsulating mesoporous silica shell. DOTA-NHS molecules were anchored to the interior channels of the porous silica to chelate Gd(3+) ions. Because there were Gd(3+) ions within the silica shell, the transverse relaxivity increased 7-fold from 97 s(-1) mM(-1) of Fe(3)O(4) to 681 s(-1) mM(-1) of Gd(3+)-chelated Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) nanoparticles with r(2)/r(1) = 486. The large transversal relaxivity of the Gd(3+)-chelated Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) nanoparticles had an effective magnetic resonance imaging effect and clearly imaged lymph nodes. Physiological studies of liver, spleen, kidney, and lung tissue in mice infused with these new nanoparticles showed no damage and no cytotoxicity in Kupffer cells, which indicated that Gd(3+)-chelated Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) nanoparticles are biocompatible.
CNT‐Based Artificial Hair Sensors for Predictable Boundary Layer Air Flow Sensing (2016)

While numerous flow sensor architectures mimic the natural cilia of crickets, locusts, bats, and fish, the prediction of sensor output for given flow conditions based on the sensor properties has not been achieved. Challenges include difficulty in determining the electromechanical properties of the sensors, limited working knowledge of the boundary layer, low sensitivity to small hair deflections, and lack of models for large deflections. Within this work, hair sensors are fabricated using piezoresistive arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) without traditional microelectromechanical processing. While correlating the CNT array electromechanical properties to synthesis conditions remains a challenge, a consistent, proportional, and predictable response to steady, boundary‐determined air flow is obtained using theory and measurement for various lengths of hairs. The moment sensitivity is shown to scale inversely with the CNT length and stiffness to a typical maximum of 1.3 ± 0.4% resistance change nN −1 m −1 . The normalized CNT piezoresistivity is constant (1.1 ± 0.2) for a majority of the more than two dozen sensors examined despite the orders‐of‐magnitude variability in both sensitivity and CNT compressive modulus. The sensor sensitivity and noise both distinctly change as the flow transitions from steady and laminar to turbulent, suggesting the sensor may be capable of detecting flow transitions.
A morphogen gradient of Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates anteroposterior neural patterning in<i>Xenopus</i> (2001)

Anteroposterior (AP) patterning of the vertebrate neural plate is initiated during gastrulation and is regulated by Spemann's organizer and its derivatives. The prevailing model for AP patterning predicts a caudally increasing gradient of a 'transformer' which posteriorizes anteriorly specified neural cells. However, the molecular identity of the transforming gradient has remained elusive. We show that in Xenopus embryos (1) dose-dependent Wnt signalling is both necessary and sufficient for AP patterning of the neuraxis, (2) Wnt/beta-catenin signalling occurs in a direct and long-range fashion within the ectoderm, and (3) that there is an endogenous AP gradient of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling in the presumptive neural plate of the Xenopus gastrula. Our results indicate that an activity gradient of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling acts as transforming morphogen to pattern the Xenopus central nervous system.
Sphingosine potentiates IL-1-mediated prostaglandin E2 production in human fibroblasts. (1990)

IL-1 stimulates PGE2 production in human fibroblasts by stimulating arachidonic acid (AA) mobilization and cyclooxygenase synthesis. Cyclooxygenase is the first enzyme in the pathway that converts AA to PGE2. To examine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in IL-1-mediated PGE2 production, we treated cells with PMA, which stimulated PGE2 production suggesting a positive role for PKC activation in the regulation of PGE2 synthesis. Therefore, we tested the effect of sphingosine, a PKC inhibitor, on IL-1-induced PGE2 production. Alone, sphingosine had little effect on PGE2 production. However, when sphingosine was added with IL-1, or IL-1 was added to sphingosine-pretreated cells, PGE2 production increased severalfold, suggesting that the inhibition of PKC results in enhanced IL-1-mediated PGE2 production; structural analogs of sphingosine did not potentiate the IL-1 effect. In cells made deficient in PKC by prolonged exposure to PMA, IL-1-mediated PGE2 production was enhanced compared with normal cells, further suggesting that functional PKC is not required for, and may down-modulate, IL-1-mediated PGE2 production. These findings also suggest that PMA and IL-1 stimulate PGE2 synthesis via fundamentally different pathways. In separate studies on the effect of IL-1 on AA mobilization, we found that IL-1 induced an increase in phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and that cycloheximide blocked the increase, suggesting the requirement for new protein synthesis. We also found that the PLA2 activity increased as a result of IL-1 exposure was further stimulated by sphingosine. Thus, in addition to its primary effects on the cell, which are likely mediated via PKC, we present evidence suggesting that sphingosine may also play a role in potentiating an IL-1-induced PLA2 activity, resulting in increased availability of AA for conversion to PGE2.
REPLACEMENT OF SULFONIC GROUPS BY NITRO GROUPS BY MEANS OF NITROUS GASES. (1919)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTREPLACEMENT OF SULFONIC GROUPS BY NITRO GROUPS BY MEANS OF NITROUS GASES.Rasik Lal Datta and Phuldeo Sahaya VarmaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1919, 41, 12, 2039–2048Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1919Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1919https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02233a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02233a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The treewidth of smart contracts (2019)

Smart contracts are programs that are stored and executed on the Blockchain and can receive, manage and transfer money (cryptocurrency units). Two important problems regarding smart contracts are formal analysis and compiler optimization. Formal analysis is extremely important, because smart contracts hold funds worth billions of dollars and their code is immutable after deployment. Hence, an undetected bug can cause significant financial losses. Compiler optimization is also crucial, because every action of a smart contract has to be executed by every node in the Blockchain network. Therefore, optimizations in compiling smart contracts can lead to significant savings in computation, time and energy.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cocaine (1995)

A dramatic shift has occurred over the last decade in the route of cocaine administration by drug abusers in the United States. The favored route has changed from intranasal and intravenous use to administration of cocaine ("crack") by the smoking route. The reasons for this shift are not well understood but may include social and environmental factors such as the ease and convenience of the smoking route, avoidance of needle-transmitted disease, and possible pharmacological differences produced by the different routes of administration. This study examined the influences exerted by changes in the route of administration on pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-induced behavioral and physiological effects of cocaine. Six male subjects who provided informed consent and had a recent history of cocaine use by the intravenous and smoked routes participated in a blind, double-dummy, crossover study conducted on a clinical research ward. On different occasions, subjects received single doses of cocaine by the intravenous (25 mg, cocaine HCl), intranasal (32 mg, cocaine HCl), and smoked (42 mg, cocaine base) routes. Physiological and behavioral measures were collected prior to and periodically after drug administration. Concurrent blood samples were collected and analyzed for cocaine and metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Plasma concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine were fitted to pharmacokinetic models by nonlinear regression analysis. Behavioral measures of "good" drug effects and "liking" were higher by the smoked route than the intravenous route, but physiological changes were approximately equal at equivalent plasma concentrations of cocaine. Intranasal cocaine administration was characterized by lower cocaine plasma concentrations and a slower onset of pharmacological effects that were generally of lesser magnitude than those observed by other routes of administration. Overall, this study demonstrated that cocaine administration by the smoked route produced substantially higher behavioral responses than an equivalent dose of cocaine administered by the intravenous route. This finding suggests that smoked cocaine (crack) has a higher abuse liability and greater dependence-producing properties than equivalent doses of cocaine administered by the intravenous or intranasal route.
ChemInform Abstract: Crucial Role of the Reaction Conditions in Isolating Several Metastable Phases in a Gd—Ce—Zr—O System. (2010)

Abstract Metastable Gd 2‐y Ce y Zr 2 O 7+δ (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 2.0) samples are prepared by the gel combustion method from mixtures of appropriate amounts of metal nitrates, water, and glycine as a fuel.
Improved Silicon Thin Film Growth on Glass Substrates by Periodic Regrowth (1993)

The periodic regrowth technique has been used to improve the quality of polycrystalline silicon thin films grown on glass substrates from molten metal solutions. Periodically repeating the melt‐back and regrowth procedures removed the small‐grained crystals, suppressed the rapid growth of crystals perpendicular to the substrate, and enhanced the growth of slower growing crystals in the lateral direction. This process markedly improved the smoothness, grain size, crystal quality, and (111) preferred orientation of the silicon thin films.
Customizing Instruction Set Extensible Reconfigurable Processors Using GPUs (2012)

Many reconfigurable processors allow their instruction sets to be tailored according to the performance requirements of target applications. They have gained immense popularity in recent years because of this flexibility of adding custom instructions. However, most design automation algorithms for instruction set customization (like enumerating and selecting the optimal set of custom instructions) are computationally intractable. As such, existing tools to customize instruction sets of extensible processors rely on approximation methods or heuristics. In contrast to such traditional approaches, we propose to use GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) to efficiently solve computationally expensive algorithms in the design automation tools for extensible processors. To demonstrate our idea, we choose a custom instruction selection problem and accelerate it using CUDA (CUDA is a GPU computing engine). Our CUDA implementation is devised to maximize the achievable speedups by various optimizations like exploiting on-chip shared memory and register usage. Experiments conducted on well known benchmarks show significant speedups over sequential CPU implementations as well as over multi-core implementations.