gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The importance of cooperation and consistency in two-layer Model Predictive Control (2016)

In this paper a two-layer linear Model Predictive Control strategy is proposed. The problem of establishing a consistency between the mathematical formulations of the two layers is analyzed. At the lower layer, a basic Model Predictive Control module computes the future control moves taking into account predictions on the manipulated and controlled variables. In the quadratic optimization problem that characterizes this module, constraints over the prediction and control horizons and steady state optimal targets need to be properly set. At this purpose, at the upper layer of the control system architecture, a Targets Optimizing and Constraints Softening module has been introduced. This module is characterized by the minimization of a linear cost function, subject to linear inequality constraints. Its objective is the search of optimal steady state targets, assuring, for example, an economic and/or chemical optimal operative condition, while meeting steady state process constraints. A solution that guarantees the consistency between the formulations of the two layers is proposed, defining a cooperation between them. Practical results deriving from the introduction of the proposed architecture in a control system that drives a pusher type reheating furnace located in an Italian steel plant have proven the soundness and the reliability of the proposed approach.
Do Carbyne Radicals Really Exist in Aqueous Solution? (2011)

They do exist! Free carbyne radicals can be prepared at room temperature in an aqueous solution by the decomposition of mono- or trinuclear metal (M) complexes containing alkylidyne ligands (see scheme; red C, blue M, green H). The generated radicals then react to form a variety of organic compounds by chain-lengthening reactions in solution. They also exhibit hydrogen, oxygen, or carbon abstraction from solvent, reactant, or product molecules.
Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Functional Specification (1997)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1)
Evaluation: Methods and strategy for evaluation-Arizona (1998)

In this report, the author describes a relatively new but novel approach for program evaluation currently underway in Arizona. The author notes the crucial importance of local initiatives in tobacco control buoyed by evaluations integrally connected with day-to-day programs and led by local staff.
Guanylyl cyclase expression in specific sensory neurons: A new family of chemosensory receptors (1997)

A guanylyl cyclase (GC-D) was recently shown to be expressed in a subclass of neurons within the neuroepithelim of the rat, but given that only a single cyclase was discovered, whether it represents an odorant/pheromone receptor as has been suggested for the large family of seven-transmembrane receptors remains unclear. Through cloning and expression of cDNA we now demonstrate that at least 29 genomic or cDNA sequences found in Caenorhabditis elegans represent guanylyl cyclases. Many of the membrane forms retain cysteine residues conserved within the extracellular, ligand-binding domain of known cyclase receptors. Of eight orphan cyclase receptor::GFP (green fluroescence protein) fusion constructs for which signals were obtained, all were expressed in specific sensory neurons. Furthermore, a cyclase/GFP fusion protein (GCY-10/GFP) was principally expressed in the sensory cilium, suggesting these cyclases function as primary chemosensory receptors. For the first time, we also found that chemosensory neurons (ASE), known to be bilaterally symmetric, demonstrate absolute right or left sidedness with respect to the expression of three different cyclases. Thus, the guanylyl cyclases represent an unexpectedly large and new family of sensory neuron receptors that may complement the 7-transmembrane family of odorant/pheromone receptors.
The shape and stability of a bubble at the axis of a rotating liquid (1962)

The shape of a bubble of one liquid inside a denser body of liquid which rotate rigidly together is determined, the effect of gravity being neglected. When the anular velocity of the liquids is zero the bubble assumes a spherical form, and with increasing angular velocity the bubble flattens at the equator and the length increases. It is found that the length of the bubble is asymptotically proportional to the four-thirds power of the angular velocity. If the speed of the rotation is held constant and the volume is increased, then the bubble elongates, the radius approaches a limiting value, and the bubble length increases almost linearly with the volume. This result suggests a method whereby the interfacial surface tension can be measured. In the second part of the paper the stability of a long bubble subjected to small amplitude axisymmetric disturbances sinusoidal in the axial direction is investigated. The relation between the wave-number and angular velocity for neutral stability is elliptic. When account is taken of the decrease in the radius of the undisturbed bubble with increase in the angular velocity, it is found that the bubble is stable to all wave-lengths provided the radius attains at least 63% of the limiting value. A criterion is then found for the minimum length of the bubble consistent with stability.
SAFETY ISSUES FOR HUMAN-ROBOT COOPERATION IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS (2008)

La più rivoluzionaria e impegnativa caratteristica della prossima generazione di robot sarà l’interazione fisica diretta con le persone (physical Human–Robot Interaction, pHRI), per la quale sicurezza e affidabilità sono concetti-chiave, anche per preparare la strada all’avvento dei robot negli ambienti umani di ogni giorno. Per aumentare la sicurezza dei robot, occorre considerare ogni aspetto inerente il progetto di manipolatori, comprendendo meccanica, elettronica e software. Tra le possibili strategie per ottenere sicurezza, uno degli aspetti principali è rappresentato dalle strategie per la prevenzione delle collisioni. Per ambienti non strutturati, una descrizione dettagliata della scena è molto difficile, se non impossibile, da ottenere. Pertanto, si può usare un controllo reattivo, in presenza di un buon sistema sensoriale. Strategie di controllo dell’interazione, come il controllo d’impedenza, unite a strategie reattive per evitare gli urti, possono aumentare la sicurezza attraverso il controllo. La realtà virtuale (VR) può essere adoperata per simulazioni realistiche di compiti di interazione uomo–robot, comprendendo urti ed errori deliberatamente introdotti. Inoltre, misure soggettive di comfort in relazione all’uso di un manipolatore robotico possono essere ottenute anche in relazione alla sicurezza percepita durante il movimento di un robot, che dipende da forma, velocità e postura del robot stesso. Parole chiave: interazione fisica uomo–robot, sicurezza, controllo reattivo, simulazioni in realtà virtuale
Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans axonal guidance and outgrowth gene unc-33. (1992)

Mutations in the unc-33 gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans lead to severely uncoordinated movement, abnormalities in the guidance and outgrowth of the axons of many neurons, and a superabundance of microtubules in neuronal processes. We have cloned unc-33 by tagging the gene with the transposable element Tc4. Three unc-33 messages, which are transcribed from a genomic region of at least 10 kb, were identified and characterized. The three messages have common 3' ends and identical reading frames. The largest (3.8-kb) message consists of the 22-nucleotide trans-spliced leader SL1 and 10 exons (I-X); the intermediate-size (3.3-kb) message begins with SL1 spliced to the 5' end of exon V and includes exons V-X; and the smallest (2.8-kb) message begins within exon VII and also includes exons VIII-X. A gamma-ray-induced deletion mutation situated within exon VIII reduces the sizes of all three messages by 0.5 kb. The three putative polypeptides encoded by the three messages overlap in C-terminal sequence but differ by the positions at which their N termini begin; none has significant similarity to any other known protein. A Tc4 insertion in exon VII leads to alterations in splicing that result in three approximately wild-type-size messages: the Tc4 sequence and 28 additional nucleotides are spliced out of the two larger messages; the Tc4 sequence is trans-spliced off the smallest message such that SL1 is added 13 nucleotides upstream of the normal 5' end of the smallest message.
Fabrication and Properties of Asymmetric Fluorinated Polyimide Membrane with High Gas Permeability. (2001)

透過性 · 選択性を併せ持つ気体分離膜の実現は膜研究の一つの大きな課題である．これまで多くの高分子膜が合成されその気体透過性と選択性が検討されてきた．本論文では，高分子気体分離膜で見られる従来のTrade-offの関係を打ち破る，新しい気体分離膜の作製方法を紹介する．ここで著者らは芳香族含フッ素ポリイミドが持つ分子間相互作用に注目し，まずスピノーダル分解を利用した乾湿式層転換法により，含フッ素ポリイミド非対称膜の表面スキン層の薄膜化をナノオーダーで制御した．その結果，ポリイミド非対称膜の気体透過性は飛躍的に向上した．さらに，薄膜化を行うことにより分子間相互作用が促進されポリイミドがより緻密な高次構造を形成，拡散選択性は向上し，結果的に気体選択性も同時に増加させることに成功した．つまり，含フッ素ポリイミド非対称膜は従来不可能とされた，気体透過性の向上とともに気体選択性が増大する“正の相関”を初めて可能にした．また，超薄膜スキン層を有する含フッ素ポリイミド非対称膜の気体透過性の経時的安定性は，高分子の分子量と化学構造に著しく依存することも明らかとなった．この乾湿式相転換法は相分離条件を変えるだけで，表面および断面に孔を規則的に形成させることもでき，三次元レベルで膜構造全体を精密設計する新し製膜工程としての可能性が示された．
Orbital angular momentum of a high order Bessel light beam (2003)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate experimentally for the first time, that a high order Bessel beam possesses orbital angular momentum (OAM). We demonstrate transfer of OAM from such a beam to trapped transparent particles in optical tweezers. Additionally, we examine theoretically, within a rigorous vectorial treatment, the local angular momentum density for a high order Bessel beam (HOBB) and find local variations in this density when compared to Laguerre-Gaussian beams. For transparent particles the orbital angular momentum is transferred by scattering/reflection of the incident light beam as in the case of metallic particles. Importantly we obtained quantitative results for the rotation rate which has a linear dependence on the orbital angular momentum content of the light beam. The measured rotation rates correspond to a transfer of about 1% of the Bessel beam's orbital angular momentum which is consistent with calculations based on a transfer mechanism due to scattering.
Control of an optimized converter for modular solar power generation (2002)

Important drawbacks of solar power generation are the DC-wiring and fusing needed for the serial and parallel connection of solar panels. These problems can be reduced to AC wiring and fusing by using a modular set up of panels together with integrated single phase DC-AC power converters on a power level of approximately 200 W. A general applicable model has been developed for the coupling of two single-phase systems by a voltage link with small storage capacitance. It allows the decoupling of the pulsating mains power from the panel. Based on this model, which avoids the need of large filters, a sophisticated control principle has been developed. The result is a power converter which allows the operation in the maximum power point without any power pulsation In the solar panel. The required reactive elements, and therefore the size of the power converter, are very small.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Myosin transitions in the bovine and human heart. A developmental and anatomical study of heavy and light chain subunits in the atrium and ventricle. (1986)

Transitions in cardiac myosin isotypes occur in response to a variety of stimuli. These are well documented in small, but less so in larger, mammals where data on quantitative isotype composition of normal atria and ventricles are scarce. In this study, heavy and light chain isotypes were examined in fetal, neonatal, and adult bovine and human hearts. Defined anatomical areas of chambers were studied, and detailed mapping of isotypes was conducted on bovine atria. Heavy chain isotype quantification was carried out electrophoretically either after peptide mapping or by a new technique for separating whole cardiac alpha- and beta-heavy chains capable of detecting 5% of either isotope. Atrial and ventricular light chains were resolved electrophoretically, and all isotypes were quantified densitometrically. Beta-Heavy chain was almost exclusively expressed (greater than 95%) in the ventricles at all ages except in the bovine neonate. Ventricular light chains predominated in the adult ventricle, but atrial light chain 1 was present at mid-gestation. This was replaced by ventricular light chain 1 in the neonate with no transitions in light chain 2 isotypes. Transitions were more marked in the atria. Only alpha-heavy chains were detected at mid-gestation, but beta-heavy chain increased toward birth. After a decline in the neonatal period, beta-heavy chain levels usually increased in the adult. Atrial light chains were the main isotypes in the atria, but ventricular light chain 2 was the major adult bovine atrial isotype. Transitions in isotypes were significant at birth as in smaller mammals. No close relationship existed between heavy and light chain transitions. Significant anatomical variation in bovine atrial isotype expression was present, and may reflect functional demand in each area.
Optimal Resilience for Erasure-Coded Byzantine Distributed Storage (2006)

We analyze the problem of efficiently storing large amounts of data on a distributed set of servers that may be accessed concurrently from multiple clients by sending messages over an asynchronous network. Up to one third of the servers and an arbitrary number of clients may be faulty and exhibit Byzantine behavior. We provide the first simulation of a multiple-writer multiple-reader atomic read/write register using erasure-coding in this setting that achieves optimal resilience and minimal storage overhead. Additionally, we give the first implementation of non-skipping timestamps which provides optimal resilience and withstands Byzantine clients; it is based on threshold cryptography
A Free Object in Quantum Information Theory (2010)

We consider three examples of affine monoids. The first stems from information theory and provides a natural model of image distortion, as well as a higher-dimensional analogue of a binary symmetric channel. The second, from physics, describes the process of teleporting quantum information with a given entangled state. The third is purely a mathematical construction, the free affine monoid over the Klein four group. We prove that all three of these objects are isomorphic.
A novel method for rapidly diagnosing the causes of diarrhoea (2003)

These results could be the basis of rapid near patient diagnosis of infectious diarrhoea.
Branching MERA codes: a natural extension of polar codes (2013)

We introduce a new class of circuits for constructing efficiently decodable error-correction codes, based on a recently discovered contractible tensor network. We perform an in-depth study of a particular example that can be thought of as an extension to Arikan's polar code. Notably, our numerical simulation show that this code polarizes the logical channels more strongly while retaining the log-linear decoding complexity using the successive cancellation decoder. These codes also display improved error-correcting capability with only a minor impact on decoding complexity. Efficient decoding is realized using powerful graphical calculus tools developed in the field of quantum many-body physics. In a companion paper, we generalize our construction to the quantum setting and describe more in-depth the relation between classical and quantum error correction and the graphical calculus of tensor networks.
Volatiles of the Absolute of<i>Cestrum nocturnum</i>L. (1995)

ABSTRACT The absolute of Cestrum nocturnum L. (Jessamine, “Night Queen,” Solanaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. More than 130 compounds could be detected of which more than 100 were identified. The olfactorially valuable compounds that were found with a concentration higher than 1% were: linalool (3.1%), benzaldehyde (2.5%), benzyl alcohol (2.4%), phenylacetaldehyde (2.4%), cis-jasmone (2.1%), benzyl acetate (1.8%), phenol (1.6%), methyl jasmonate (1.5%), 1,8-cineole (1.4%), borneol (1.3%), eugenol (1.3%), linalyl acetate (1.2%) and citronellyl propionate (1.1%). In addition, more than 70 other interesting volatiles as well as more than 10 higher hydrocarbons (higher than C16) and more than 10 fatty acids and their esters were also identified in the absolute.
Identifying Equivalent URLs Using URL Signatures (2008)

In the standard URL normalization mechanism, URLs are normalized syntactically by a set of predefined steps. In this paper, we propose to enhance the standard URL normalization by incorporating the semantically meaningful metadata of the Web pages. The metadata taken into account are the body texts of the Web pages, which can be extracted during HTML parsing. Given a URL which has undergone the standard normalization mechanism, we construct its URL signature by hashing or fingerprinting the body text of the associated Web page using Message-Digest algorithm 5. URLs which share identical signatures are considered to be equivalent in our scheme. The experimental results show that our proposed method helps to further reduce redundant Web information retrieval by 34.57% in comparison with the standard URL normalization mechanism.
Targeted Disruption of β-Arrestin 2-Mediated Signaling Pathways by Aptamer Chimeras Leads to Inhibition of Leukemic Cell Growth (2014)

An RNA aptamer inhibits β-arrestin 2 activity.Inhibiting β-arrestin 2 impedes multiple tumorigenic pathways simultaneously.The therapeutic aptamer is delivered to cancer cells using a cell-specific DNA aptamer.Targeting β-arrestin 2 inhibits tumor progression in CML models and patient samples.
Intravenous apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease: Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations (2001)

Six patients with Parkinson's disease and refractory motor fluctuations, with severe subcutaneous (s.c.) nodule formation as a result of long-term s.c. apomorphine infusions, were switched to intravenous (i.v.) therapy via a long-term in-dwelling venous catheter. Five patients were followed-up for a mean of 7 months (range 0.5-18 months). All patients had plasma apomorphine concentrations measured at baseline during s.c. infusions and three had follow-up measurements when stabilized on i.v. therapy, to test the hypothesis that motor fluctuations in these patients are largely due to impaired absorption of apomorphine. The mean i.v. rate of 9.0 mg/h (range 5-14 mg) and 24-h dose of 256.7 mg (range 90-456 mg) of apomorphine were not significantly reduced compared with the s.c. route (9.24 mg/h and 243.4 mg). However, additional oral anti-parkinsonian medication was reduced by a mean of 59%, and 'off' time was virtually eliminated (mean reduction from 5.4 to 0.5 h per day, P< 0.05). There was also a significant reduction in dyskinesias and markedly improved quality of life. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated more reliable and smoother delivery of apomorphine via the i.v. route, although 'off' periods were not always explained by low plasma apomorphine concentrations. Complication rates were high and included three unforeseen hazardous intravascular thrombotic complications, secondary to apomorphine crystal accumulation, necessitating cardiothoracic surgery. We conclude that i.v. apomorphine therapy holds promise as a more effective way of controlling motor fluctuations than the s.c. route. However, further preclinical research is required before i.v. Britaject apomorphine can be recommended for routine clinical practice. Even when stable plasma apomorphine concentrations were achieved, motor fluctuations could not be totally eradicated, suggesting that postsynaptic receptor changes may also play a role in the refractory 'off' periods in these patients.
Revokable and versatile electronic money (extended abstract) (1996)

We present an e-money system where both value of funds and user anonymity can be revoked or suspended unconditionally, but only by the cooperation of banks and consumer rights organizations.We introduce the "ultimate crime," where an active attacker gets the bank's key or forces the bank to give "unmarked bank notes".Our system, unlike all current anonymous systems, can prevent such a crime from successfully being perpetrated, and employs revocation to do so.The mechanisms introduced to balance the need for anonymity against the need to be able to revoke it, together with the notion of challenge semantics that we introduce, provide us with a very versatile system, a second important goal of our investigation.The proposed scheme is efficient and easily extends the basic needs of a practical payment scheme to allow for coin divisibility, checks, credit card purchases and surety bonds.Moreover, the system (unlike some previous ones) is robust against problems arising from spurious equipment.1 Introduction E-cash enables the exchange of digital coins with value assured by the bank's signature and with concealed user identity.This flexible tool can enhance the prevalence and capability of fund transfers while simultaneously increasing its users' privacy.Yet, the availability of such a strong, flexible access-control capability may become dangerous (serving as a double-edged sword): robberies, blackmailing, money-laundering and illegal purchases are possible misuse of money, and must not be eased by the choice of the paradigm for the digital transfer of funds.In fact, the danger of anonymous e-cash may prevent its legality ([17, 42]).Thus, provision is needed to allow for legal cancellation of the power encompassed in the anonymous e-cash mechanism.We, therefore, argue that the anonymity must be revokable in cases where it is authorized by court due to immense suspicion of a violation of the law, or due to legal information inquiries, regulatory acts, coin losses, etc.
Software Defined Perimeter: Improvements in the Security of Single Packet Authorization and user Authentication (2018)

Traditional perimeter defense is typically being performed through dedicated firewall-based devices. However, it becomes necessary to decrease the surface and exposure to cyber attacks by hiding the infrastructure, applications and access controls, as well as increasing security levels. Software Defined Perimeter (SDP) brings new perimeter functionality and Single Packet Authorization (SPA) is the first step. Through the analysis of the SDP protocol there were security issues that need to be improved or addressed. This work proposes adaptations in the SDP architecture and definition of a new pattern of creation and sending of the SPA. It was designed under modular aspects that are incorporated into the model. A secure way to establish mutual TLS for initial user authentication has also been developed. The results demonstrate that building security solutions in modules greatly increases the degree of difficulty in detecting, replicating or reading data. Through the experiments it was demonstrated that the increase of the processing time of the SPA does not compromise the proposed solution and is justified by the gains in the levels of protection. The definition of a new SPA submission architecture and establishment of mutual TLS provided the concealment, scalability and redundancy desired. The proposed solutions thus contribute to increasing the levels of resilience and protection of the SDP reference standard.
Human Papillomavirus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapy (2001)

Infection with HPV is very prevalent as are the clinical manifestations of this family of pathogens. Improved therapies for warts (e.g., imiquimod) have recently become available. Vaccines for HPV offer hope for future interventions for warts as well as for prevention of anogenital malignancies.