gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of field-effect on c-Si surface passivation by ultrathin (2–20 nm) atomic layer deposited Al2O3 (2010)

Al 2 O 3 synthesized by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition yields excellent surface passivation of crystalline silicon (c-Si) for films down to ∼5 nm in thickness. Optical second-harmonic generation was employed to distinguish between the influence of field-effect passivation and chemical passivation through the measurement of the electric field in the c-Si space-charge region. It is demonstrated that this electric field—and hence the negative fixed charge density—is virtually unaffected by the Al2O3 thickness between 2 and 20 nm indicating that a decrease in chemical passivation causes the reduced passivation performance for &lt;5 nm thick Al2O3 films.
New wavelength regions for ultrahigh resolution, spectroscopic OCT (2003)

Summary from only given. It is expected that this visible light OCT system will provide sub-micrometer axial resolution and spectroscopic OCT imaging in biological tissue, since its emission bandwidth of the PCF light source overlaps with the so called therapeutic window, covering absorption features of several biological chromophores, like melanin, oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin as well as water. Furthermore high resolution ophthalmologic OCT imaging with enhanced penetration and spectroscopic OCT for differential water absorption measurements in the 900-1100 nm wavelength region should also be enabled with this novel OCT system.
Effect of pH and Surface Functionalities on the Cyclic Voltammetric Responses of Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes (1999)

Carbon electrodes are useful for the detection of oxidizable species with cyclic voltammetry. In particular, carbon-fiber microelectrodes have been employed for the measurement of several neurotransmitters in brain tissue. However, during cyclic voltammetry with carbon-fiber electrodes the current varies with changes in concentration of some inorganic cations as a result of their interaction with surface functional groups. The electrode's response to the hydronium ion is a particular concern because its voltammetric response occurs over a broad range of potentials that overlap those of neurotransmitters of interest such as dopamine. This is especially a problem in vivo because simultaneous changes of dopamine and pH frequently occur in brain tissue. In this work, voltammetric current changes are shown to arise from pH dependent shifts in the peak potentials of background voltammetric waves that arise from species confined to the carbon-fiber electrode surface. Polishing the electrode with alumina suspended in cyclohexane in an environment containing lowered oxygen, a method previously demonstrated to remove oxides from the carbon surface, leads to a substantial reduction in the sensitivity to pH changes. However, this is accompanied by a loss in signal amplitude for dopamine. The dopamine response can be restored using the cation exchanger Nafion without significantly increasing the pH response. To investigate which oxide functional groups play a direct role in the electrode's current responses to changes in pH, surface-confined carbonyl and alcohol functionalities were chemically modified. In both cases, the modification did not affect the carbon-fiber electrode's responsiveness to changes in pH. Nonetheless, the polishing technique proved to be effective in reducing pH interferences in in vivo applications.
Association of TPH1 with suicidal behaviour and psychiatric disorders in the Chinese population (2006)

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, is one of the most important regulating factors in the serotonergic system. Recently, polymorphisms of the TPH gene have been identified as being associated with suicide, but the evidence is inconsistent. To investigate the role in suicide of one of the isoforms, TPH1, we examined the association of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region and in intron 7 of the TPH1 gene based on a sample from the Chinese population of 810 subjects, of whom 329 had made no suicide attempts (NSA), 297 had made suicide attempts (SA), and 184 were healthy subjects (HS). In this study, we observed statistically significant differences between NSA and HS subjects in allele distributions on one marker, -6526A (p = 0.0329; odds ratio (OR) 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.81). No significant difference in genotype distribution or allele frequencies of other polymorphisms was found between the suicide victims and the controls. The overall haplotype frequency was significantly different between cases and healthy controls (p = 0.000024 NSA v HS; p < 0.000001, SA v HS; p < 0.000001, cases v HS). We found the haplotype TCAAA of -7180/-7065/-6526/218/779 to be strongly associated with suicidal behaviour and psychiatric disorders (p = 0.00243; OR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.24 and p = 0.018; OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.91), which suggests an association of TPH1 with suicidal behaviour and indicates that TPH1 may play a significant role in the aetiology of psychiatric disorders in the Han Chinese population.
RrgA is a pilus‐associated adhesin in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2007)

Adherence to host cells is important in microbial colonization of a mucosal surface, and Streptococcus pneumoniae adherence was significantly enhanced by expression of an extracellular pilus composed of three subunits, RrgA, RrgB and RrgC. We sought to determine which subunit(s) confers adherence. Bacteria deficient in RrgA are significantly less adherent than wild-type organisms, while overexpression of RrgA enhances adherence. Recombinant monomeric RrgA binds to respiratory cells, as does RrgC with less affinity, and pre-incubation of epithelial cells with RrgA reduces adherence of wild-type piliated pneumococci. Non-adherent RrgA-negative, RrgB- and RrgC-positive organisms produce pili, suggesting that pilus-mediated adherence is due to expression of RrgA, rather than the pilus backbone itself. In contrast, RrgA-positive strains with disrupted rrgB and rrgC genes exhibit wild-type adherence despite failure to produce pili by Western blot or immunoelectron microscopy. The density of bacteria colonizing the upper respiratory tract of mice inoculated with piliated RrgA-negative pneumococci was significantly less compared with wild-type; in contrast, non-piliated pneumococci expressing non-polymeric RrgA had similar numbers of bacteria in the nasopharynx as piliated wild-type bacteria. These data suggest that RrgA is central in pilus-mediated adherence and disease, even in the absence of polymeric pilus production.
Differentiation of Breast Lesions by Measurements Under Craniocaudal and Lateromedial Compression Using a New Sonographic Method (1996)

Examination of lesions in two compression states that are perpendicular to each other allows discrimination of benign and malignant masses by measurements in most patients.
INFORMÁTICA EDUCATIVA NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE UBERLÂNDIA E PERFIL DOS PROFESSORES LABORATORISTAS: UM PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO (2012)

Este artigo busca analisar o processo de implantacao da informatica aplicada a educacao no municipio de Uberlândia e descrever o perfil dos profissionais que atuam nos Laboratorios de Informatica (LIs) das escolas publicas de ensino fundamental. Apos a revisao bibliografica, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de questionarios encaminhados as professoras que trabalham nos LIs dessas escolas. Pode-se observar que existem varias iniciativas para incentivar o uso das tecnologias digitais na educacao. As escolas estao gradativamente sendo informatizadas, mas ate o momento, nao foi possivel equipar todas elas. Verificou-se que o municipio investe no treinamento e na formacao de professores e que estes tambem estao investindo em sua formacao, buscando alternativas para melhorar as suas praticas de ensino. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tecnologias Digitais; Informatizacao das Escolas Publicas; Informatica Educativa no Brasil.
Characterization of human hematopoietic stem cells. (1990)

These data clearly indicate that suitable systems are presently available to isolate the human hematopoietic stem cell. The CFU-B1 and cells responsible for initiating long term hematopoiesis in vitro are likely identical since they share the same phenotype, CD34+DR-CD33-CD15-C71-. The suspension culture system as indicated above has several advantages over an adherent cell based long term marrow culture system. Use of this suspension culture system with 48 hourly feeding with recombinant cytokines will facilitate definition of the cytokine requirements for the human CFU-S.
Rosette Formation in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates and Anti-Rosette Activity of Sera from Gambians with Cerebral or Uncomplicated Malaria (1992)

The ability of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (RBC) to form spontaneous erythrocyte rosettes was studied in 130 fresh isolates from Gambian children with cerebral or uncomplicated malaria from August to November 1990. All isolates (24 of 24) from patients with cerebral malaria formed rosettes, but only 61 of 106 isolates from children with uncomplicated malaria formed rosettes. The mean rate of rosette formation in isolates from children with cerebral malaria (28.3%) was significantly greater than that in isolates from children with uncomplicated malaria (8.5%). Giant rosettes were more frequently formed in isolates from patients with cerebral malaria than in those from patients with uncomplicated malaria. Sera of children with cerebral disease generally lacked anti-rosette activity, while many sera from children with uncomplicated malaria showed strong anti-rosette activity when tested against the patients' ow parasites. Some sera that were devoid of autologous rosette-disrupting activity were able to disrupt rosettes formed in other isolates, indicating the presence of different rosette formation mechanisms. Forty percent (6 of 15) of the sera from patients with cerebral malaria caused microagglutination of the patients' own uninfected and infected RBC, while only 10% (3 of 31) of sera from children with uncomplicated disease caused microagglutination. The ability of infected RBC to bind to melanoma cells grown in vitro did not differ between patients with cerebral or uncomplicated malaria. The results of this study, taken in conjunction with our previous findings, establish a strong association between rosette formation in P. falciparum-infected RBC and cerebral malaria.
A comparative study of PID control algorithms adapted to send-on-delta sampling (2010)

Send-on-delta sampling is used to reduce the number of triggered events (event rates) in networked control systems, allowing more effective utilization of system resources such as network broadband. However, this sampling may result in irregular samples and uncertainties in the inter-sample behavior, which may deteriorate the quality of control and have to be addressed in the control algorithms. This paper compares three variants of control algorithms for closed loops with send-on-delta. These are evaluated based on a typical scenario of building automation. The recommendations for selection of the control algorithms for send-on-delta are made.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone and Cyclic AMP Activate p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascade (2000)

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPKs) are activated by cytokines, cellular stresses, growth factors, and hormones. We show here that p38-MAPKs are activated upon stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or cAMP. TSH caused the phosphorylation of p38-MAPK in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the human TSH receptor but not in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells. The effect of TSH was fully mimicked by the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, and by a permeant analog of cAMP. The effect of forskolin was reproduced in FRTL5 rat thyroid cells. TSH also stimulated the phosphorylation of MAPK kinase 3 or 6, over the same time scale as that of p38-MAPKs. TSH and forskolin stimulated the activity of the alpha-isoform of p38-MAPK assayed by phosphorylation of the transcription factor ATF2. The activity of MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 was stimulated by TSH and forskolin. This stimulation was abolished by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38-MAPKs. The protein kinase A inhibitor H89 inhibited the stimulation of phosphorylation of p38-MAPKs by forskolin, whereas inhibitors of protein kinase C, p70(S6k), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase were ineffective. Expression of the dominant negative form of Rac1, but not that of Ras, blocked forskolin-induced p38-MAPK activation. Diphenylene iodonium, a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase(s), and ascorbic acid, an effective free radical scavenger, suppressed TSH- or forskolin-stimulated p38-MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species plays a key role in signaling from cAMP to p38-MAPKs. Inhibition of the p38-MAPK pathway with SB203580 partially but significantly, attenuates cAMP- and TSH-induced expression of the sodium iodide symporter in FRTL-5 cells. These results point to a new signaling pathway for the G(s)-coupled TSH receptor, involving cAMP, protein kinase A, Rac1, and reactive oxygen species and resulting in the activation of a signaling kinase cascade that includes MAPK kinase 3 or 6, p38-MAPK, and MAPK-activated protein kinase-2.
Electrically Driven Polymer Gel Finger Working in the Air (1993)

Using ionic polymer gel that demonstrated an electric field-associated bending mo tion in aqueous solutions, an electrically driven polymer gel finger has been constructed. The material used for the finger was a hybrid gel of a cylindrical poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(sodium acrylate) composite gel (PVA-PAA gel) rod and PVA gel film containing sodium carbonate as a skin. The working gel finger has been designed by equipping the PVA gel film of the hybrid gel with two platinum wires as electrodes. When a dc voltage was applied, the finger bent smoothly toward the positive electrode at a relatively high speed in the air. The bending of the finger occurred through a differential swelling of the PVA-PAA gel in the hybrid gel. A prototype of a microrobot hand with two gel fingers has also been designed. The hand grasped or released a piece of paper in response to electric signals.
Deuterium Isotope Effects on Ethanol Oxidation in Perfused Rat Liver and in Rats and Rabbits <i>in Vivo:</i> Application to Determine the Contribution of Various Pathways (1989)

Abstract: The kinetic deuterium isotope effect, D(V/K), on ethanol oxidation was measured by the radiometric, competitive method using 14 C‐labelled ethanol containing deuterium in the (1‐R) position. Acetate was isolated and used for the determination. Experiments were performed on rats either anaesthetized and laparotomized, or provided with indwelling catheters in a. carotis, v. cava and v. portae. Experiments were also made on perfused liver from rats pretreated with acetone, or a mixture of acetone and phenobarbital. Finally, intact non‐anaesthetized rabbits were used. The apparent isotope effect in all in vivo experiments decreased rapidly in the presence of acetaldehyde as a consequence of the reversibility of the ADH reaction. In the case of rabbits and catheterized rats this problem was tackled by taking blood samples in quick succession, thus permitting extrapolation of the apparent isotope effect to the time of injection of the labelled ethanol. In anaesthetized rats injection of the ADH inhibitor isobutyramide was used to reduce the concentration of acetaldehyde and thereby the rate of decline of the apparent isotope effect. At high doses of isobutyramide the isotope effect was constant with time at about 1.9 suggesting the presence of non‐ADH activity. In all three kinds of in vivo experiments the isotope effect ranged from 2.66 to 2.93. In the case of anaesthetized rats the mean value was 2.89±0.05 (S.D.). This figure is significantly different from that of rat liver ADH, P<0.001. As the figures for the initial isotope effects are minimum values the contribution of non‐ADH ethanol oxidizing systems is likely to be small, probably less than 10 percent.
Reactivity and Selectivity of the Astatine Interhalogen Compounds AtCI and AtBr Towards Simple Aromatic Substrates (1977)

Article Reactivity and Selectivity of the Astatine Interhalogen Compounds AtCI and AtBr Towards Simple Aromatic Substrates was published on May 1, 1977 in the journal Radiochimica Acta (volume 24, issue 2-3).
Symmetric directional coupler switches (1986)

Operation and design considerations are described for a general class of symmetric directional coupler switches. Performance limitations are discussed in terms of asymmetries. Comparisons are made between various waveguide and electrode geometries. Measured devices operating at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda = 0.83 \mu</tex> m have a V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</inf> voltage length product under 30 V mm and an extinction ratio greater than 28 dB in each output state.
FPGA-based Data Partitioning (2017)

Implementing parallel operators in multi-core machines often involves a data partitioning step that divides the data into cache-size blocks and arranges them so to allow concurrent threads to process them in parallel. Data partitioning is expensive, in some cases up to 90% of the cost of, e.g., a parallel hash join. In this paper we explore the use of an FPGA to accelerate data partitioning. We do so in the context of new hybrid architectures where the FPGA is located as a co-processor residing on a socket and with coherent access to the same memory as the CPU residing on the other socket. Such an architecture reduces data transfer overheads between the CPU and the FPGA, enabling hybrid operator execution where the partitioning happens on the FPGA and the build and probe phases of a join happen on the CPU. Our experiments demonstrate that FPGA-based partitioning is significantly faster and more robust than CPU-based partitioning. The results open interesting options as FPGAs are gradually integrated tighter with the CPU.
<i>Delftia tsuruhatensis </i>WGR-UOM-BT1, a novel rhizobacterium with PGPR properties from <i>Rauwolfia serpentina</i> (L.) Benth. <i>ex</i> Kurz also suppresses fungal phytopathogens by producing a new antibiotic-AMTM (2015)

In this study, we reported that Delftia tsuruhatensis WGR-UOM-BT1 strain has the plant growth promotion activities such as rhizosphere colonization (tomato), IAA production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilization. This bacterial strain was found producing an antimicrobial nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound identified as 'amino(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methanol' [C17 H19 NO3 S] (AMTM), which is new to the bacterial world.
Examining the impact of driving style on the predictability and responsiveness of the driver: Real-world and simulator analysis (2010)

Confronted with the broad range of personalities of drivers on the roads today, in-vehicle technology must be able to function either in spite of or in harmony with each driver's style. Individual drivers act and respond in different manners under various conditions, and many Driver Assistance Systems would benefit from some measure of the driver's likely behaviors in these conditions. In this study we present several measures of driving style and show how they correlate with the predictability and responsiveness of the driver in several experimental conditions. In the first two experiments, one simulator and one real-world, we find that “aggressive” drivers are more consistent in behaviors and significantly more predictable than “non-aggressive” drivers. In the third experiment, however, we find that though “non-aggressive” drivers are less predictable, they are also significantly more receptive of feedback from Driver Assistance Systems. These results could affect the design, effectiveness, and feedback mechanisms of future Driver Assistance Systems.
Thermal Radiation from Finned Heat Sinks (1976)

An accurate straightforward technique is presented to compute thermal radiation from finned heat sinks. A set of graphs is included to aid in the computational procedure. The analytical approach presented compares favorably with experimental data.
The power of outliers (and why researchers should ALWAYS check for them) (2020)

There has been much debate in the literature regarding what to do with extreme or influential data points. The goal of this paper is to summarize the various potential causes of extreme scores in a data set (e.g., data recording or entry errors, motivated mis-reporting, sampling errors, and legitimate sampling), how to detect them, and whether they should be removed or not. Another goal of this paper was to explore how significantly a small proportion of outliers can affect even simple analyses. The examples show a strong beneficial effect of removal of extreme scores. Accuracy tended to increase significantly and substantially, and errors of inference tended to drop significantly and substantially once extreme scores were removed
Glucosylsphingosine is a key biomarker of Gaucher disease (2016)

Gaucher disease (GD) involves the accumulation of glucosylceramide (GL1) and its deacylated lysolipid, glucosylsphingosine (lyso-GL1) which is implicated in mediating immune dysregulation and skeletal disease. The aim of our study was to assess plasma Lyso-GL1 as a biomarker of GD and its response to therapy. Plasma lyso-GL1 in 169 patients with GD type 1 (GD1) was measured by LC-MS/MS. Significant predictors of plasma LGL1 were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney test and multiple linear regression. Propensity scores were used to match patients on treatment mode: Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) vs. Eliglustat Tartrate SRT (ELI-SRT). Plasma Lyso-GL1 levels in healthy controls averaged 1.5 ng/ml (1.3-1.7; 95% CI). In untreated GD patients, the levels were massively elevated (180.9 ng/ml: 95% CI, 145.4-216.5) and imiglucerase ERT resulted in marked reduction (89 ng/ml: 95% CI, 69.2-129.4) (P < 0.001). Lyso-GL1 correlated with chitotriosidase (r = 0.59 P < 0.001), CCL18 (r = 0.62 P <0.001), hepatomegaly (r = 0.28 P < 0.001), splenomegaly (r = 0.27 P = 0.003), splenectomy (P = 0.01) and treatment mode (P < 0.001). By multiple linear regression, the strongest predictors of lyso-GL1 were age (P < 0.001), splenectomy (P = 0.02), Chitotriosidase (P < 0.001) and CCL18 levels (P = 0.001). After propensity score matching to obtain comparable groups of patients on ERT vs ELI-SRT, lyso-GL1 levels were lower among patients receiving ELI-SRT by 113 ng/ml (95% CI: 136-90.3 ng/ml P < 0.001). Plasma lyso-GL1 is a key biomarker of GD. ERT reduced lyso-GL1 levels. By propensity scoring, ELI-SRT resulted in greater reduction of lyso-GL1 than ERT. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1082-1089, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oncogenic Ras/ERK Signaling Activates CDCP1 to Promote Tumor Invasion and Metastasis (2014)

CDCP1 protein induced by oncogenic Ras/Erk signaling is essential for Ras-mediated metastatic potential of cancer cells.
Synthesis of Pure Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide Solution Free from Chloride Ion by the Electrolysis of Its Hydrogen Carbonate (1993)

Abstract Tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution free from chloride ion was produced by the electrolysis of tetramethylammonium hydrogen carbonate using a cation exchange membrane as a diaphram. The hydrogen carbonate was prepared by the reaction of trimethylamine and dimethyl carbonate in methanol.