gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Famciclovir for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes: a clinical and pharmacological perspective (2006)

Herpes simplex virus is one of the most common causes of genital ulcer disease worldwide. Herpes simplex virus-2 is the more common cause of genital herpes, a chronic infection that is characterised by periodic reactivation, with the capacity to produce recurrent symptomatic disease in the host (e.g., vesicular eruption), as well as intermittent asymptomatic shedding. Relapsing episodes may be physically and psychologically distressing. Shedding accounts for the majority of cases of transmission of genital herpes to sexual partners. Pregnant women who are shedding may transmit the virus at the time of delivery, with severe and potentially fatal consequences to the baby. Famciclovir, a synthetic acyclic guanine derivative, is the prodrug of penciclovir, which demonstrates in vitro antiviral activity against various types of herpes virus, including herpes simplex virus-2. Its pharmacokinetics allow for administration in a convenient dosing regimen compared with acyclovir, which may improve compliance. Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in the episodic treatment of relapses, with the most recent report demonstrating its efficacy and tolerance as a single-day treatment. It is also efficacious and well tolerated for the suppression of frequently recurring episodes. These results have been demonstrated in various patient populations, including immunocompetent patients and those infected with HIV. Famciclovir is well tolerated, with an adverse events profile similar to placebo.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Luminescence Studies of Gold(I) and Gold(III) Complexes with a Triphosphine Ligand (1998)

We have synthesized a series of trinuclear and tetranuclear gold(I) complexes [(μ-dpmp)(AuX)3] (dpmp = bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine; X = Cl (1), C6F5 (2)), [Au3(μ-dpmp)2](CF3SO3)3 (3), and [Au4(μ-dpmp)2Cl2](CF3SO3)2 (4). Complex 4 displays a rhomboidal geometry for the gold atoms with short gold−gold distances of 3.1025(11) and 3.1059(14) Å. We have also prepared the mononuclear and dinuclear gold(III) complexes [(μ-dpmp){Au(C6F5)3}n] (n = 1 (5), 2 (6)). The crystal structure of 5 has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies, which show that gold is coordinated to the central phosphorus although two isomers are observed in solution. Treatment of 6 with gold(I) derivatives affords trinuclear mixed-valence gold(I)−gold(III) [(μ-dpmp){Au(C6F5)3}2(AuX)] (X = Cl (7), C6F5 (8)). The luminescent properties of these complexes in the solid state have been studied. Likewise, it has been found that the gold(I) complexes are luminescent but not so the gold(III) or mixed-valence complexes.
Subsets of Transgenic T Cells That Recognize CD1 Induce or Prevent Murine Lupus: Role of Cytokines (1998)

T cells with T cell receptor (TCR) transgenes that recognized CD1 on syngeneic B cells stimulated B cells to secrete immunoglobulins in vitro. The CD4+, CD8+, or CD4-CD8- T cells from the spleen of the TCR transgenic BALB/c donors induced lupus with anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, proteinuria, and immune complex glomerulonephritis in irradiated BALB/c nude mice reconstituted with nude bone marrow. Injection of purified CD4-CD8- T cells from the marrow of transgenic donors prevented the induction of lupus by the transgenic T cells. Transgenic T cells that induced lupus secreted large amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma and little interleukin (IL)-4, and those that prevented lupus secreted large amounts of IL-4 and little IFN-gamma or IL-10.
Supporting Secure Embedded Access Control Policy with XACML+XML Security (2010)

XACML has become the de facto standard for expressing access control policy. Similarly, XML security standards, such as XML encryption and XML digital signature, have been widely deployed for protecting the confidentiality, authenticity and integrity of digital information. In this paper we present a framework of using XACML and XML security to support secure, embedded and fine-grained access control policy. The basic idea is to extend XACML such that access control policy can be embedded with the digital content in the same XACML document. The original content can be further divided into multiple parts, each of which is encapsulated by its own access control policy. The integrated XACML policy and content document is further protected using XML encryption and digital signature. This framework and associated security methods are designed to facilitate the protection, management and sharing of sensitive information.
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates Secretion of Cellulose Synthase Complexes in <i>Arabidopsis</i>   (2009)

Plant growth and organ formation depend on the oriented deposition of load-bearing cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall. Cellulose is synthesized by plasma membrane-bound complexes containing cellulose synthase proteins (CESAs). Here, we establish a role for the cytoskeleton in intracellular trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) through the in vivo study of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CESA3 fusion protein in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. GFP-CESA3 localizes to the plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, a compartment identified by the VHA-a1 marker, and, surprisingly, a novel microtubule-associated cellulose synthase compartment (MASC) whose formation and movement depend on the dynamic cortical microtubule array. Osmotic stress or treatment with the cellulose synthesis inhibitor CGA 325'615 induces internalization of CSCs in MASCs, mimicking the intracellular distribution of CSCs in nongrowing cells. Our results indicate that cellulose synthesis is coordinated with growth status and regulated in part through CSC internalization. We find that CSC insertion in the plasma membrane is regulated by pauses of the Golgi apparatus along cortical microtubules. Our data support a model in which cortical microtubules not only guide the trajectories of CSCs in the plasma membrane, but also regulate the insertion and internalization of CSCs, thus allowing dynamic remodeling of CSC secretion during cell expansion and differentiation.
Enzymes of Sucrose and Hexose Metabolism in Developing Kernels of Two Inbreds of Maize (1988)

Tissue distribution and activity of enzymes involved in sucrose and hexose metabolism were examined in kernels of two inbreds of maize (Zea mays L.) at progressive stages of development. Levels of sugars and starch were also quantitated throughout development. Enzyme activities studied were: ATP-linked fructokinase, UTP-linked fructokinase, ATP-linked glucokinase, sucrose synthase, UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase, UDP-Glc dehydrogenase, PPi-linked phosphofructokinase, ATP-linked phosphofructokinase, NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent Glc-6-P dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and phosphoglucomutase. Distribution of invertase activity was examined histochemically. Hexokinase and ATP-linked phosphofructokinase activities were the lowest among these enzymes and it is likely that these enzymes may regulate the utilization of sucrose in developing maize kernels. Most of the hexokinase activity was found in the endosperm, but the embryo had high activity on a dry weight basis. The endosperm, which stores primarily starch, contained high PPi-linked phosphofructokinase and low ATP-linked phosphofructokinase activities, whereas the embryo, which stores primarily lipids, had much higher ATP-linked phosphofructokinase activity than did the endosperm. It is suggested that PPi required by UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase and PPi-linked phosphofructokinase in the endosperm may be supplied by starch synthesis. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was largely restricted to the endosperm, whereas 6-P-gluconate and Glc-6-P dehydrogenase activities were highest in the base and pericarp. A possible metabolic pathway by which sucrose is converted into starch is proposed.
Wacker‐Type Oxidation of Internal Olefins Using a PdCl<sub>2</sub>/<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐Dimethylacetamide Catalyst System under Copper‐Free Reaction Conditions (2009)

A simple catalyst system consisting of PdCl2 and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as the solvent can successfully promote Wacker-type oxidation of internal olefins. This catalyst system does not require copper compounds and is tolerant of a wide range of substrates having internal olefins. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Designing physical topologies that enable survivable routing of logical rings (2004)

In a WDM-based network, a single physical link failure may correspond to multiple logical link failures. As a result, 2-connected logical topologies such as rings routed on a WDM physical topology, may become disconnected after a single physical link failure. We consider the design of physical topologies that ensure logical rings can be embedded in a survivable manner. First, we develop necessary conditions for the physical topology to be able to embed all logical rings in a survivable manner. We then use these conditions to provide tight bounds on the number of physical links that an N node physical topology must have in order to support all logical rings of size K . We show that when K/spl ges/4 the physical topology must have at least 4N/3 links, when K/spl ges/6 it must have 3N/2 links, and when K/spl ges/N-1, it must have at least 2N-4 links. We design a topology that meets the above bounds for K=N-2 using a dual-hub architecture. Finally, we observe, through simulation experiments, that designing the physical topology for supporting all logical rings in a survivable manner does not use significantly more physical links than a design that only supports a small number of logical rings. Hence, our approach of designing physical topologies that can be used to embed all possible ring logical topologies does not lead to a significant over-design of the physical topology.
Effects of Instruction on Preservice Elementary Teachers' Conceptions of the Causes of Night and Day and the Seasons (1997)

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of brief
instruction, based on Atwood and Atwood (1995, 1996), which addressed the causes of night and day and the seasons. 111c findings should be useful to science teacher educators who already are attempting to address these concepts as well as those who might choose to do so if the required time and resource commitments were shown to be modest.
Papyrus GIS demonstration (1993)

The goal of the Papyrus project [3] is to provide tools and services to enable the integration and parallelization of specialized data managers so that data-intensive applications can be constructed easily and efficiently. In our terminology, a data manager (DM) is a set of specialized methods that manage persistent data. A collection of functions defines the interface to a DM and provides the only means of accessing its persistent data.
UDPglucose: fatty acid transglucosylation and transacylation in triacylglucose biosynthesis. (1993)

Glandular trichomes of the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii Corr. (D'Arcy) secrete large amounts of 2,3,4-tri-O-acylglucoses possessing straight- and branched-chain fatty acids of short to medium chain length (C4-C12). Although previous biosynthetic studies suggested that glucose acylation proceeded via acyl CoA intermediates, repeated attempts to demonstrate isobutyryl-CoA-dependent glucose acylation were unsuccessful. When [14C]isobutyrate is administered to detached L. pennellii leaves, the label is readily converted to 1-O-isobutyryl-beta-D-glucose. This is immediately followed by the appearance of di- and triacylated glucose esters. L. pennellii extracts catalyzed the formation of 1-O-isobutyryl-beta-D-glucose from isobutyrate and UDPglucose, and detached L. pennellii trichomes catalyzed transfer of the isobutyryl moiety from synthetic 1-O-isobutyryl-beta-D-glucose to D-glucose. Detached L. pennellii trichomes also catalyzed the formation of diacylglucose and triacylglucose via transfer of the isobutyryl moiety from 1-O-[14C]isobutyryl-beta-D-glucose to mono- or diacylglucoses, respectively. These studies suggest a multistep mechanism in which activation of fatty acids to their respective high-energy 1-O-acyl-beta-D-glucopyranose derivatives is followed by transfer of the 1-O-acyl moiety to non-anomeric positions of other glucose and/or partially acylated glucose molecules. This appears to be the primary mechanism of activation and fatty acid esterification to glucose in L. pennellii trichomes. Cultivated tomato, L. esculentum Mill., also activates free fatty acids to their 1-O-acyl-beta-D-glucose derivatives but lacks the acyl transfer mechanism for synthesizing polyacylated sugars.
Sentence Ordering and Coherence Modeling using Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

Modeling the structure of coherent texts is a key NLP problem. The task of coherently organizing a given set of sentences has been commonly used to build and evaluate models that understand such structure. We propose an end-to-end unsupervised deep learning approach based on the set-to-sequence framework to address this problem. Our model strongly outperforms prior methods in the order discrimination task and a novel task of ordering abstracts from scientific articles. Furthermore, our work shows that useful text representations can be obtained by learning to order sentences. Visualizing the learned sentence representations shows that the model captures high-level logical structure in paragraphs. Our representations perform comparably to state-of-the-art pre-training methods on sentence similarity and paraphrase detection tasks.
Resolution enhancement of spectrum normalization in synthetic aperture digital holographic microscopy (2014)

This study describes the overlapping of spatial frequency bands for synthetic aperture in digital holography using spectrum normalization to effectively enhance the spatial resolutions of image reconstruction. Synthesized spectrum swelling induced by excessive frequency overlaps can be normalized through the inverse apodization of an adjustable window function, which is similar to the effects of suppressing low-frequency expansion and strengthening high-frequency components of the reconstructed images. The results indicated that using the normalized spectrum synthesis that requires only a few frequency bands effectively enhances the spatial resolution and phase sensitivity of reconstructed images in digital holographic microscopy.
Selective action of inhibitors used in different culture media on the competitive microflora of <i>Salmonella</i> (1995)

The action of 12 inhibitors employed in the culture media used to detect the presence of Salmonella in food on 24 bacterial strains including contaminating Gram-positive bacteria common in water and food, Gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, which are components of the competitive microflora, and six Salmonella serotypes was tested. Two liquid culture media (AR 5 and AE 1) were used. Series of tubes containing increasing concentrations of each inhibitor were inoculated with the test strains and incubated at 37 degrees C until growth was verified spectrophotometrically (24-48 h). The results showed that the inhibitors were effective against the Gram-positive contaminating microflora. They did not preferentially inhibit the competitive microflora of Salmonella, chiefly Enterobacteriaceae, and were ineffective against the Pseudomonas strains, which can tolerate concentrations higher than those customarily employed in culture media.
Chemical and antibacterial effects of plasma activated water: correlation with gaseous and aqueous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, plasma sources and air flow conditions (2018)

Abstract When cold atmospheric plasma comes into contact with water and biological media, antimicrobial or antitumor effects are induced, representing great potential for applications in biomedicine and agriculture. The need to control and tune the chemical composition and biomedical effects of plasma activated water/media (PAW/PAM) is emerging. By comparing two nonthermal air plasma sources, streamer corona and transient spark, interacting with water in open and closed reactors, and by enhancing the plasma–liquid interaction by water electrospray through these discharges, we demonstrate that the plasma gaseous products strongly depend on the discharge regime, its deposited power and gas flow conditions. The streamer corona strongly leads to the formation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, while the more energetic transient spark leads to nitrogen oxides and hydrogen peroxide. The gaseous products then determine the chemical properties of the PAW and the dominant aqueous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The production of hydrogen peroxide depends on water evaporation and hydroxyl radical formation, which is determined by the discharge power. A transient spark produces higher concentrations of gaseous and aqueous RONS and induces stronger antibacterial effects than a streamer corona; however, the RONS production rates per joule of deposited energy are comparable for both studied discharge regimes. The net production rate per joule of gaseous nitrogen oxides strongly correlates with that of aqueous nitrites and nitrates. The antibacterial effects of the PAW tested on Escherichia coli bacteria are determined by the aqueous RONS: in the lower power streamer corona, this is ascertained mainly by the dissolved ozone and hydrogen peroxide, and in the higher power transient spark, by the combination of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite and acidic pH, while in the transient spark in the closed reactor it is determined by the acidified nitrites present.
Alteration of plasma membrane glycopeptides and gangliosides of Chinese hamster cells accompanying development of resistance to daunorubicin and vincristine. (1983)

Abstract Glycoproteins and gangliosides of spontaneously transformed Chinese hamster lung cells (DC-3F) and of vincristine- and daunorubicin-resistant sublines of DC-3F have been compared. These resistant cells and also actinomycin D-resistant cells have been shown to have reduced permeability to drug and to exhibit some degree of mutual cross-resistance to all three agents. Glycoproteins of tritiated glucosamine-labeled membrane preparations from drug-sensitive and-resistant cells were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the cylindrical gels revealed that drug-resistant cells synthesize a major glycoprotein species which is much larger (Mr about 150,000) than the major species synthesized by control DC-3F cells (Mr about 100,000). Data obtained with a revertant DC-3F/AD × subline exhibiting a 45-fold decrease in resistance as well as with vincristine-resistant DC-3F/VCRd revertant cells with a 20-fold decrease in resistance to the Vinca compound indicate a concomitant decrease in amount of the Mr 150,000 species and an increase in the Mr 100,000 species characterizing drugsensitive DC-3F cells, thereby substantiating the observed relationship between drug resistance and plasma membrane glycoprotein expression. Examination of the major glycopeptide species characteristic of the drug-resistant cell lines by two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that the Mr 150,000 glycopeptide appears to be a family of glycopeptides with an isoelectric point range of 6.5 to 7.5. The Mr 100,000 species of control cells also comprises a heterogeneous group of acidic peptides with apparent isoelectric points near 5. Gangliosides labeled with [14C]glucosamine were extracted and separated by thin-layer chromatography. DC-3F cells synthesize a full complement of gangliosides, whereas daunorubicin-resistant cells appear to be blocked at the level of hematosides (GM3), as observed previously for actinomycin D-resistant cells. Cells highly resistant to vincristine synthesize the full complement of gangliosides seen in the parental line but contain relatively more GM3 and GM2. Membrane glycoprotein and ganglioside changes in the drug-resistant cells are concomitants of the development of resistance to vincristine, daunorubicin, or actinomycin D. The changes are also correlated with the previously observed alterations in cell morphology and the suppression of the malignant phenotype occurring in the cells selected for resistance to these drugs.
Predicting change propagation in software systems (2004)

Software systems contain entities, such as functions and variables, which are related to each other. As a software system evolves to accommodate new features and repair bugs, changes occur to these entities. Developers must ensure that related entities are updated to be consistent with these changes. This paper addresses the question: How does a change in one source code entity propagate to other entities? We propose several heuristics to predict change propagation. We present a framework to measure the performance of our proposed heuristics. We validate our results empirically using data obtained by analyzing the development history for five large open source software systems.
Public policy committee continues efforts (2002)

article Share on Public policy committee continues efforts Author: Bob Ellis View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 36Issue 3August 2002 pp 16–21https://doi.org/10.1145/570332.570341Online:01 August 2002Publication History 0citation741DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads741Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Configuration of CCA Particles in the Toner Surface and Its Influence on Charging Characteristics. (2002)

The tribo-charge generated between a model-toner composed of CCA/resin-binder mixture and a ferrite carrier was measured by the blow-off method. The tribo-charge was compared with that generated by cascading the ferrite carrier onto the CCA/resin-binder matrix film having the same composition as that of the model toner. Tert-butyl salicylate zinc complex (SZC) was used as the CCA. The SZC was dispersed or dissolved into a cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC) to prepare the toner and the matrix film.The experimental results show that (1) the amount of negative charge increased with an added amount of SZC, and (2) the charging characteristics obtained from the blow-off and cascade methods were close to each other. By comparison of the amount of charge obtained from the blow-off method with that of the cascade method, the effects of the particle distribution and/or the molecular orientation of the CCA on the toner surface and their contribution to the determination of the amount of toner charge can be estimated.