gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 60-GHz Frequency Tripler With Gain and Dynamic-Range Enhancement (2011)

In this paper, a single-stage 60-GHz frequency tripler is presented with -1.1 -dB conversion gain in a 0.15-μm pseudomorphic HEMT process. When the input power backs off, unlike most of its counterparts, the conversion gain of the proposed tripler degrades very little. This feature is achieved by adjusting load impedances independently for the first and third harmonic. Besides the enhancement of the third harmonic power, substantial fundamental power is also generated without additional power consumption and is further used to drive an auxiliary diode tripler. The third harmonic power from the original field-effect transistor (FET) and the auxiliary diode tripler are combined with the conversion gain further enhanced, and the power dynamic range is also extended due to the power contributed from the auxiliary tripler. Quantitative analysis for the harmonic loading effect of the FET tripler and the bias selection for the diode tripler are conducted by using the equivalent-circuit models. The theories are verified by computer-aided design simulations and experimental results.
The Endocannabinoid System as a Target for Alkamides from<i>Echinacea angustifolia</i>Roots (2005)

Alkamides are the major lipophilic constituents of Echinacea angustifolia roots. Due to their structural similarity with anandamide, we have evaluated their ability to bind to rodent cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 by a standard receptor binding assay using [(3)H]CP-55,940 as a radioligand. The alkamides exhibited selective affinity especially to CB2 receptors and can therefore be considered as CB ligands. Most of the alkamides showed good metabolic stability as indicated by the similarity between affinity to CB1 determined in the presence/absence of the protease inhibitor PMSF. It is suggested that CB2 interactions may be the molecular mode of action of Echinacea alkamides as immunomodulators.
Purification, biochemical, and immunological characterisation of a major food allergen: different immunoglobulin E recognition of the apo- and calcium-bound forms of carp parvalbumin (2000)

Purified carp parvalbumin represents an important cross reactive food allergen. It can be used for in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of fish-induced food allergy. Our finding that the apo-form of parvalbumin had a greatly reduced IgE binding capacity indicates that this form may be a candidate for safe immunotherapy of fish-related food allergy.
Compact circularly-polarised coaxial feed (1995)

Describes a circularly-polarised 4-port feed for use with f/0.4 parabolic reflectors. The horn is a dual choke circular waveguide radiator with low crosspolarisation over a wide band. Diplexing is performed immediately behind the horn aperture where the high and low frequency bands are separated into concentric waveguides, the outer one carrying the lower frequency via the coaxial TE/sub 11/ mode. A septum joining the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial guide acts as a circular polariser: left- and right-hand components in the low frequency band are extracted at pairs of 50 ohm coaxial connectors on opposite sides of the guide. The inner circular waveguide is filled with a dielectric material and passes through the centre of the low frequency section and is coupled to a conventional septum polariser in a square waveguide. The design is suitable for systems where the frequency ratio between the lower and upper bands is approximately 2:3, for example the 4/6 GHz or 20/30 GHz satellite communications bands.<
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Rapid Turnover of 2-LTR HIV-1 DNA during Early Stage of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2011)

Our study revealed the rapid changes in 2-LTR concentration in a relatively large number of patients during the early HAART treatment. The rapid changes indicate the rapid infusion and clearance of cells bearing 2-LTR in the peripheral blood. Those changes are not expected to be caused by the blocking of viral integration, as our study did not include the integrase inhibitor raltegravir. Our study helps better understand the dynamics of HIV-DNA and its potential role as a biomarker for the diseases and for the treatment efficacy of HAART.
Development and evaluation of controlled porosity osmotic pump for Nifedipine and Metoprolol combination (2011)

The developed osmotic system is effective in the multi-drug therapy of hypertension by delivering both drugs in a controlled manner.
Somatostatin receptor subtype expression in cells of the rat immune system during adjuvant arthritis (1999)

Somatostatin is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed throughout the body. It acts as a neurohormone and a neurotransmitter and may also have an immunomodulatory role. The genes for five subtypes of somatostatin receptors (sst) have been cloned, suggesting that the diverse effects of the peptide might be mediated by different receptors. We are interested in studying the role of sst ininflammation, using an animal model. Because of the up-regulation of sst expression in inflamed joints in human rheumatoid arthritis, we chose rat adjuvant arthritis as an experimental model. In order to determine which of the sst subtypes might be important in immune modulation, subtype expression in leukocytes isolated from different lymphoid tissues of the rat was studied. Also, the expression levels of the most abundantly expressed sst mRNAs in leukocytes from spleen and blood were compared in rats with adjuvantarthritis and controls, using a semi-quantitative approach. Furthermore, the effect of systemic administration of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide, which binds selectively to sst subtypes 2 and 5 (sst2 and sst5), on the incidence and the severity of rat adjuvant arthritis, was studied. The main sst expressed in cells of the rat immune system, both resting and activated, were found to be sst3 and sst4. This contrasts with the human and murine situations, in which sst2 appears to be the main subtype expressed in the immune system. No quantitative differences in sst subtype mRNA levels in leukocytes from spleen and blood were found between rats with adjuvant arthritis and controls. Finally, no effect of systemic administration of octreotide on either the incidence or severity of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats was found. As octreotide binds selectively to sst2 and sst5, the absence of an immunomodulatory effect of this analogue in rat adjuvant arthritis corroborates our finding that these sst subtypes are not expressed in cells of the rat immune system. In conclusion, cells of the rat immune system appear to express a spectrum of sst (sst3 and sst4) different from that found in human granulomatous and autoimmune disease (mainly sst2). Therefore, the rat adjuvant arthritis model appears to be suitable only for studying the immunomodulatory effects of somatostatin analogues which have a high affinity for sst3 and sst4, but not for studying the immunomodulatory effects of octreotide, which has a high affinity only for sst2 and sst5.
VIRTUAL VIDEO CONFERENCING USING 3D MODEL-ASSISTED IMAGE-BASED RENDERING (2005)

In this paper, we present a method for virtual video conferencing, where multiple distant participants can meet in a virtual room. The use of a synthetic 3-D computer graphics scene allows more than two partners to join the discussions even if they are far apart from each other. Each partner is recorded by a single camera and the video objects are inserted into the artificial scene. In order to place multiple participants into a common room, viewpoint modification is necessary which requires information about 3-D structure by means of depth maps. Since hair and uncovered areas are difficult to model by pure 3-D geometry-based warping, we add image-based rendering techniques to the system. Head turning, for example, which usually shows most variations due to uncovered areas is completely modeled from previously stored frames. In order to limit the number of frames in the buffer, other movements like head roll and tilt, as well as global translation and jaw movements are warped using a three-dimensional triangle mesh. By interpolating novel views from a 3-D image volume together with a 3-D model, natural looking results can be achieved. 1
An artificial neural network model for analysis and synthesis of pianists’ performance styles (1999)

A model for synthesis and analysis of professional pianists’ performance styles by means of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is presented. The style of pianists was synthesized using Bruno Repp’s measurements [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 2546–2568 (1992)] of Schumann’s Trumerei as performed by 24 famous pianists. It will be shown that, by using significant score parameters, ANN can learn and reproduce the style of a pianist at a local level. The behavior of the trained ANN and the performance characteristics of the pianists were analyzed by running the trained ANN in a special way. All ANN input neurones were locked to fixed values, except one or two neurones whose input values were allowed to change in time. For example, if one of these neurones is related to the duration of the current note, the output of the ANN gives a curve showing expressive deviations produced by the ANN, when the duration of the note is varying. In this way it is possible to extract behavior rules of performing action of the ANN, and compare them with the performance style of pianists as well as of rule-based performance systems. The model is developed in the Java language and is available on the Internet.
A software engineering senior design project inherited from a partially implemented software engineering class project (2007)

For a computer science program in which students are required to complete one course in Software Engineering, it is impossible to create a polished finished product for a project of any significant size that can demonstrate all the phases of the project. This can be solved by requiring students to complete a full set of requirements and specifications. Develop design documents for only a subset of the requirements and an even more limited implementation of the design documents. The artifacts from such a class can then be used as the foundation for a senior capstone design course. This allows for the development of skills that are directly needed in the real world, in which a team is given a set of requirements to implement, or is assigned to an existing project to continue its development, or is assigned to a project team that maintains existing code. Anticipated skills developed by the student by such a capstone project are: the ability to read and understand requirements and specifications, the ability to understand preexisting designs and the design decisions that contributed to the design, the ability to understand existing code, the ability to enhance the code to complete a project based on the requirements, and the ability to evaluate preexisting documentation. This paper will describe such a software engineering class project that involved a client from another academic department to develop a non-trivial internet based software application, which supported the department's scheduling of faculty to classes, using an internet based web service to solve the linear programming problem that resulted from the constraints of the problem. The paper will then discuss the subsequent senior design project and implementation that followed.
Assay Methods for Sufentanil in Plasma (1994)

The results demonstrate the validity of the improved RIA method for the determination of sufentanil plasma concentrations.
Barrier inhomogeneity and electrical properties of Pt∕GaN Schottky contacts (2007)

The temperature dependence of the electrical properties of Pt∕GaN Schottky barrier was studied. In particular, a Schottky barrier height of 0.96eV and an ideality factor of 1.16 were found after a postdeposition annealing at 400°C. Nanoscale electrical characterization was carried out by the conductive biased tip of an atomic force microscope both on the bare GaN surface and on the Pt∕GaN contacts. The presence of a lateral inhomogeneity of the Schottky barrier, with a Gaussian distribution of the barrier height values, was demonstrated. Moreover, GaN surface defects were demonstrated to act as local preferential paths for the current conduction. The temperature dependent electrical characteristics of the diodes were discussed in terms of the existing models on inhomogeneous barriers and correlated to the nanoscale electrical characterization of the barrier. In this way, the anomalous electrical behavior of the ideality factor and of the Schottky barrier and the low experimental value of the Richardson’s constant were explained.
Using Virtual Load/Store Queues (VLSQs) to Reduce the Negative Effects of Reordered Memory Instructions (2005)

The use of large instruction windows coupled with aggressive out-of-order and prefetching capabilities has provided significant improvements in processor performance. In this paper, we quantify the effects of increased out-of-order aggressiveness on a processor's memory ordering/consistency model as well as an application's cache behavior. We observe that increasing reorder buffer sizes cause less than one third of issued memory instructions to be executed in actual program order. We show that increasing the reorder buffer size from 80 to 512 entries results in an increase in the frequency of memory traps by a factor of six and an increase in total execution overhead by 10-40%. Additionally, we observe that the reordering of memory instructions increases the L1 data cache accesses by 10-60% and the L1 data cache misses by 10-20%. These findings reveal that increased out-of-order capability can waste energy in two ways. First, re-fetching and re-executing instructions flushed due to traps require the fetch, map, and execution units to dissipate energy on work that has already been done before. Second, an increase in the number of cache accesses and cache misses needlessly dissipates energy. Both these side effects can be related to the reordering of memory instructions. Thus, to avoid wasting both energy and performance, we propose a virtual load/store queue (VLSQ) within the existing physical load/store queue. The VLSQ reduces the reordering of memory instructions by limiting the number of memory instructions visible to the select and issue logic. We show that VLSQs can reduce trap overhead, cache accesses, and cache misses by as much as 45%, 50%, and 15% respectively when compared to traditional load/store queues. We observe that these reductions yield net power savings of 10-50% with degradation in performance by 1-5%.
Intraocular Dexamethasone Penetration via Subconjunctival or Retrobulbar Injections in Rabbits (1993)

ABSTRACT Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we compared tissue levels of dexamethasone in the aqueous, vitreous, retina, and choroid of rabbits, 1 and 4 hours following subconjunctival or retrobulbar injection. One hour following injection, dexamethasone levels in all of these tissues were similar in both the subconjunctival and retrobulbar groups. Four hours following injection, the concentrations in the two groups also were similar, except in the choroid, in which the subconjunctival injection yielded significantly lower dexamethasone levels than the retrobulbar injection. Tissue steroid levels were comparable ipsilateral and contralateral to the injected eyes in both treatment groups after 4 hours, except in the retina, in which the levels were lower in the contralateral eye after subconjunctival injection. These data suggest that dexamethasone absorption and delivery is predominantly hematogenous following both subconjunctival and retrobulbar injection, especially in highly vascular tissues, such as the choroid. Hematogenous delivery of dexamethasone appears to peak earlier in the choroid and presumably in other intraocular tissues following subconjunctival injections, while retrobulbar injections provide more steady, long-term delivery.
The O-linked glycosylation of secretory/shed MUC1 from an advanced breast cancer patient's serum (2008)

MUC1 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is overexpressed in breast cancer. Aberrant O-linked glycosylation of MUC1 in cancer has been implicated in disease progression. We investigated the O-linked glycosylation of MUC1 purified from the serum of an advanced breast cancer patient. O-Glycans were released by hydrazinolysis and analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with sequential exoglycosidase digestions. Core 1 type glycans (83%) dominated the profile which also confirmed high levels of sialylation: 80% of the glycans were mono-, di- or trisialylated. Core 2 type structures contributed approximately 17% of the assigned glycans and the oncofoetal Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen (Galbeta1-3GalNAc) accounted for 14% of the total glycans. Interestingly, two core 1 type glycans were identified that had sialic acid alpha2-8 linked to sialylated core 1 type structures (9% of the total glycan pool). This is the first O-glycan analysis of MUC1 from the serum of a breast cancer patient; the results suggest that amongst the cell lines commonly used to express recombinant MUC1 the T47D cell line processes glycans that are most similar to patient-derived material.
<title>Ray tracing in a plane-parallel uniaxial plate</title> (2004)

Ray tracing formulas in a plane-parallel uniaxial plate bounded by an isotropic medium is analyzed when the crystal axis lies in the incident plane, and when its orientation is arbitrary. We present the behavior of the critical angle for the extraordinary ray as a function of the crystal axis position with respect to the normal to the refracting surface.
<title>Use of molecular oxygen to reduce EUV-induced carbon contamination of optics</title> (2001)

Carbon deposition and removal experiments on Mo/Si multilayer mirror (MLM) samples were performed using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light on Beamline 12.0.1.2 of the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Carbon (C) was deposited onto Mo/Si multilayer mirror (MLM) samples when hydrocarbon vapors where intentionally introduced into the MLM test chamber in the presence of EUV at 13.44 nm (92.3eV). The carbon deposits so formed were removed by molecular oxygen + EUV. The MLM reflectivities and photoemission were measured in-situ during these carbon deposition and cleaning procedures. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) sputter-through profiling of the samples was performed after experimental runs to help determine C layer thickness and the near-surface compositional-depth profiles of all samples studied. EUV powers were varied from ~0.2mW/mm<SUP>2</SUP> to 3mW/mm<SUP>2</SUP>(at 13.44 nm) during both deposition and cleaning experiments and the oxygen pressure ranged from ~5x10<SUP>-5</SUP> to 5x10<SUP>-4</SUP> Torr during the cleaning experiments. C deposition rates as high as ~8nm/hr were observed, while cleaning rates as high as ~5nm/hr could be achieved when the highest oxygen pressure were used. A limited set of experiments involving intentional oxygen-only exposure of the MLM samples showed that slow oxidation of the MLM surface could occur.
Secretion of the alpha-galactosidase from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar) by Bacillus subtilis (1990)

A fusion of DNA sequences encoding the SPO2 promoter, the alpha-amylase signal sequence from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the mature part of the alpha-galactosidase from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar) was constructed on a Bacillus subtilis multicopy vector. Bacillus cells of the protease-deficient strain DB104 harboring this vector produced and secreted the plant enzyme alpha-galactosidase up to levels of 1,700 U/liter. A growth medium suppressing the residual proteolytic activity of strain DB104 was used to reach these levels in a fermentor. Purification of the secreted product followed by NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing showed that the alpha-amylase signal sequence had been processed correctly. The molecular mass of the product estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was slightly lower than that of the plant purified enzyme, which is most likely due to glycosylation of the latter. The alpha-galactosidase product was active both on the artificial substrate para-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and on the galactomannan substrate, guar gum. The activity of this Bacillus sp.-produced enzyme was similar to that of the glycosylated enzyme purified from guar seeds, indicating that glycosylation has no essential function for enzyme activity.
Recombinant human collagens : characterization of type II collagen expressed in insect cells and production of types I-III collagen in the yeast Pichia pastoris (2000)

An efficient system for expressing recombinant human collagens is expected to have numerous scientific and medical applications, but this is difficult to achieve because most systems do not have sufficient levels of activity of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, the key enzyme of collagen synthesis. A recombinant form of human type II collagen, the main structural component of cartilage, was produced here in insect cells by coinfecting them with two baculoviruses, one coding for the proα chains of human type II procollagen, and the other for both the α and β subunits of human prolyl 4hydroxylase. The amino acid composition of the recombinant form was very similar to that of the non-recombinant protein, with the exception that the hydroxylysine content was very low. The highest expression levels obtained in suspension cultures were 50 mg/l. An additional baculovirus coding for human lysyl hydroxylase was used to express type II collagen with a high hydroxylysine content. Marked differences in the rate of fibril formation in vitro and the morphology of the resulting fibrils were found between the recombinant type II collagens having 2 and 19 hydroxylysine residues/1000 amino acids, the maximal turbidity of the former being reached within 5 min, whereas the absorbance of the latter increased up to about 10 h. In addition, the latter collagen formed thin fibrils, whereas the former produced thick fibrils on a background of thin ones. The data indicate that regulation of the extent of lysine hydroxylation, and consequently of the amounts of hydroxylysine-linked carbohydrate units, may have major effects on collagen fibril formation. In order to study the expression of recombinant human collagens in yeasts, cDNAs for the proα chains of procollagens of type I, II and III were transformed into a recombinant P. pastoris strain expressing human prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunits. All the P. pastoris strains obtained produced full-length proα chains. Cells coexpressing the proα1(I) chains and prolyl 4-hydroxylase produced homotrimeric type I procollagen molecules, whereas cells coexpressing the proα1(I) and proα2(I) chains and prolyl 4-hydroxylase produced heterotrimeric molecules with the correct 2:1 chain ratio. pCα1(I) and pCα2(I) chains lacking the N propeptides assembled into pCcollagen molecules and yielded correctly folded and fully hydroxylated collagen molecules upon pepsinization. The Tm values of recombinant type I-III collagens produced in shaker flasks were about 38°C and the degree of hydroxylation of proline residues was lower than that in the corresponding non-recombinant collagens. When the recombinant collagens were produced in a 2litre fermentor equipped with an O2 supply system, the expression levels increased markedly to 0.2 − 0.6 g/l. In addition, all these collagens were identical in 4-hydroxyproline content to the corresponding non-recombinant proteins, and all of them formed native-type fibrils.
Toxicity studies on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) - long term toxicity studies in albino rats and monkeys (1986)

Feeding of turmeric at 500 mg/kg body wt. and its alcoholic extract at 60 mg/kg body wt. to rats and monkeys for 12 and 9 months, resp., produced no detrimental physiological or toxicological effects.