gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The electroencephalogram as a biometric (2002)

This paper examines the effectiveness electroencephalogram (EEG) as a biometric identification of individual subjects in a pool of 40 normal subjects. The EEG's second order statistics are computed using autoregressive models of various order. The coefficients in these models are then evaluated for their biometric potential. Discriminant functions applied to the model coefficients are used to examine the degree to which the subjects in the data pool can be identified. The results indicate that the EEG has significant biometric potential. In this data pool, 100% of subjects are correctly classified when all data is used, and over 80% when the functions are computed from half the data and then applied to the remaining.
High rate epitaxial lift-off of InGaP films from GaAs substrates (2000)

Centimeter sized, crack-free single crystal InGaP films of 1 μm thickness were released from GaAs substrates by a weight-induced epitaxial lift-off process. At room temperature, the lateral etch rate of the process as a function of the applied Al0.85Ga0.15As release layer thickness was found to have a maximum of 3 mm/h at 3 nm. Using 5-nm-thick AlAs release layers, the etch rate increased exponentially with temperature up to 11.2 mm/h at 80 °C. Correlation of the experimental data with the established theoretical description of the process indicate that the model is qualitatively correct but fails to predict the etch rates quantitatively by orders of magnitude.
Reaction Kinetics of the Denaturation of Whey Proteins in Milk (1988)

ABSTRACT The kinetics of the neat‐induced irreversible denaturation of β‐lacto‐globulins (β‐LG) A and B and of α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA) in milk were examined over a wide temperature/time range (70‐150°C, 2‐5400 sec). Denaturation of β‐LG was best described with an apparent reaction order of 1.5 (α‐LA; first order). The abrupt changes in the temperature dependence of the rate constants (β‐LG at 90°C, α‐LA at 80°C) were interpreted in terms of the different activation energies and entropies occurring in the two temperature ranges. By using the kinetic parameters for calculating lines of equal degrees of denaturation in a plot of log‐time versus 1/absolute temperature it was possible to predict the effect of different heat treatments on the denaturation of individual proteins.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulatory T Cells and in the Immune Response (2011)

The discovery of microRNA (miRNA) is one of the major scientific breakthroughs in recent years and has revolutionized current cell biology and medical science. miRNAs are small (19~25nt) noncoding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for degradation of translation repression. Genetic ablation of the miRNA machinery, as well as loss or degradation of certain individual miRNAs, severely compromises immune development and response, and can lead to immune disorders. Several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms are used to maintain immune homeostasis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent publications have provided compelling evidence that miRNAs are highly expressed in Treg cells, that the expression of Foxp3 is controlled by miRNAs and that a range of miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immunity. A large number of studies have reported links between alterations of miRNA homeostasis and pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as psychiatric and neurological diseases. Although it is still unclear how miRNA controls Treg cell development and function, recent studies certainly indicate that this topic will be the subject of further research. The specific circulating miRNA species may also be useful for the diagnosis, classification, prognosis of diseases and prediction of the therapeutic response. An explosive literature has focussed on the role of miRNA. In this review, I briefly summarize the current studies about the role of miRNAs in Treg cells and in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. I also review the explosive current studies about clinical application of miRNA.
A scanning radar altimeter for mapping continental topography (1986)

Topographic information constitutes a fundamental data set for the Earth sciences. In the geological and geophysical sciences, topography combined with gravitational information provides an important constraint on the structure and rheologic properties of the crust and lithosphere. Detailed topography data can also be used to map offsets associated with faulting and to reveal the effects of tectonic deformation. In the polar regions, elevation data form a crucial but as yet largely unavailable resource for studying ice sheet mass balance and ice flow dynamics. The vast Antarctic ice sheet is the largest fresh water reservoir on Earth and is an important influence on ocean circulation and global climate. However, our knowledge of its stability is so limited that we cannot even specify whether the Antarctic ice sheet is growing or shrinking. It is clear that there is need for high quality global topography data. A summary of potential applications with their resolution requirements is shown.
[Hypoglycemic effect of the combined use of puerarin and aspirin in mice]. (1985)

Puerarin is one of the main active principles of radix puerirae, a Chinese traditional drug for treating diabetes mellitus. Animal studies indicated that puerarin has hypoglycemic effect at 500 mg/kg/day orally in alloxan diabetic mice. It can also decrease the serum cholesterol level.
Puerarin and aspirin in combination (250+50 mg/kg) was shown to lower blood glucose, serum cholesterol and improve glucose tolerance in alloxan-diabetie mice. It was noted that aspirin can potentiate the hypoglycemic effect of puerarin. The combination was also found to diminish the hyperglycemic effect of epinephrine and reduce capillary hyper-permeability of mice.
From these results, it is apparent that the combination of puerarin and aspirin is better than puerarin alone. The combination may be efficacious in relieving some symptoms of moderate diabetes mellitus and especially to prevent some vascular complications.
Packet communication protocol for image services on a high-speed multimedia LAN (1989)

The authors describe the requirements for high-speed multimedia communication and propose a high-speed communication protocol to provide congestion-free access and efficient retransmission/flow control. Its usefulness is proved in a 400 Mb/s multiaccess loop local area network (LAN) with a 100 Mb/s user interface. The main characteristics of the protocol are separation of image communication handling, guarantee of no buffer overflow in a network, and end-to-end block-based transfer. Buffer reservation control in the user-network interface and a retransmission scheme based on a long-size block are used to realize high-speed congestion control and error recovery. A multimedia terminal architecture suitable for real-time image communication is also discussed. In the prototype system, a few frames of high-resolution image information can be transferred in a second. Around 26 Mb/s effective throughput between application entities has been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrasound Propagation in Externally Stressed Granular Media (1999)

Experimental observations of pulsed ultrasonic transmission through granular glass beads under oedometric loading are presented. We observe in the transmitted signals the coexistence of a coherent ballistic pulse traveling through an ``effective contact medium'' and a specklelike multiply scattered signal. The relative amplitudes of these signals strongly depend on the ratios of the bead size to the wavelength and to the detector size. Experimental data support recent descriptions of the inhomogeneous stress field within granular media.
The DNA-binding specificity of SOX9 and other SOX proteins (1999)

SOX (SRY-related HMG box) proteins are transcription factors that have critical roles in the regulation of numerous developmental processes. They share at least 50% homology in their HMG domains, which bind the DNA element AACAAT. How different SOX proteins achieve specific regulation of target genes is not known. We determined the DNA-binding specificity of SOX9 using a random oligonucleotide selection assay. The optimal SOX9 binding sequence, AGAACAATGG, contained a core DNA-binding element AACAAT, flanked by 5' AG and 3' GG nucleotides. The specific interaction between SOX9 and AGAACAATGG was confirmed by mobility shift assays, DNA competition and dissociation studies. The 5' AG and 3' GG flanking nucleotides enhance binding by SOX9 HMG domain, but not by the HMG domain of another SOX factor, SRY. For SRY, different 5' and 3' flanking nucleotides are preferred. Our studies support the notion that SOX proteins achieve DNA sequence specificity through subtle preferences for flanking nucleotides and that this is likely to be dictated by signature amino acids in their HMG domains. Furthermore, the related HMG domains of SOX9 and Sox17 have similar optimal binding sites that differ from those of SRY and Sox5, suggesting that SOX factors may co-evolve with their DNA targets to achieve specificity.
A Fast Algorithm for 3-Dimensional Imaging with UWB Pulse Radar Systems (2007)

SUMMARY Ultra-wideband pulse radars are promising candidates for 3-dimensional environment measurements by autonomous robots. Estimating 3-dimensional target shapes by scanning with an omni-directional antenna is an ill-posed inverse problem. Conventional algorithms such as the synthetic aperture method or parametric algorithms have a problem in terms of their calculation times. We have clarified the existence of a reversible transform between received data and target shapes for 3-dimensional systems. Calculation times are remarkably reduced by applying this transform because it directly estimates target shapes without iterations. We propose a new algorithm based on the transform and present an application example using numerical simulations. We confirm that the proposed algorithm has sufficient accuracy and a short calculation time.
Theoretical analysis of pure effects of strain and quantum confinement on differential gain in InGaAsP/lnP strained-layer quantum-well lasers (1994)

The pure effects of both strain and quantum confinement on differential gain of InGaAsP/InP strained-layer quantum-well lasers (SL-QWL's) are studied on the basis of valence band structures calculated by k/spl middot/p theory. Using an InGaAsP quaternary compound as an active layer makes it possible to distinguish the effect of strain (both tensile and compressive) from the quantum-confinement effect when keeping the emission wavelength constant. The essential features of strain-induced changes in the valence band structures are extracted from the k/spl middot/p results by four characterization parameters: the averaged density of states (DOS), the subband energy spacings, the joint density of electron and hole states, and the squared optical matrix elements. Each of them is then directly correlated to differential gain in SL-QWL's. In tensile-strained quantum wells, all of these factors are significantly improved compared with unstrained wells, while only the averaged DOS is improved in compressive-strained wells. Due to these characteristic features, it is concluded that the intrinsic potential of tensile-strained QWL's for improving differential gain is twice as high as that of compressive-strained ones. On the basis of the essential features of the strain-induced changes in valence band structures, we also discuss basic design principles for SL QWL's with larger differential gain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative Raman Study of Phonon Linewidths in Pure and Lead‐Doped CsCdBr<sub>3</sub> (1987)

Abstract Raman spectra of CsCdBr 3 are reported in the temperature range 4.2 to 300 K. The symmetry assignation is performed for all the observed peaks; besides the five expected Raman active first‐order modes, a weak structure is observed and attributed to a second‐order process. The temperature dependence of frequencies and linewidths is studied. An anomalous effect of Pb doping on the low temperature linewidths is discussed.
Capacitive Degeneration in LC-Tank Oscillator for DCO Fine-Frequency Tuning (2010)

A digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that achieves a minimum frequency quantization step of 150 Hz without any dithering is presented. The fine digital tuning is obtained through a capacitive degeneration of a portion of the transistor switching pair used in a classical LC-tank oscillator. The new tuning circuitry does not appreciably affect the intrinsic oscillator phase noise and allows to trim the frequency with a programmable resolution for calibration and multi-standard operation. A prototype integrated in 65 nm CMOS technology exhibits a phase noise of @ 1 MHz drawing 16 mA from a supply of 1.8 V, resulting in a FoM of 183 dBc/Hz. The active area is 700 450.
Evolution of Microphase Separation with Variations of Segments of Sequence-Controlled Multiblock Copolymers (2017)

Multiblock copolymers (MBCPs) are an emerging class of materials that are becoming more accessible in recent years. However, to date there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of their physical properties. In particular, the glass transition temperature (Tg) which is known to be affected by the phase separation has not been well characterized experimentally. To this end, we report the first experimental study on the evolution of the Tgs and the corresponding phase separation of linear MBCPs with increasing number of blocks while keeping the overall degree of polymerization (DP) constant (DP = 200). Ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (EGMEA) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) were chosen as monomers for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to synthesize MBCPs. We found the Tgs (as measured by differential scanning calorimetry) of EGMEA and tBA segments within the MCBPs to converge with increasing number of blocks and decreasing block length, correlating with the loss of the heterogeneity as observed from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. The Tgs of the multiblock copolymers were also compared to the Tgs of the polymer blends of the corresponding homopolymers, and we found that Tgs of the polymer blends were similar to those of the respective homopolymers, as expected. SAXS experiments further demonstrated microphase separation of multiblock copolymers. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of multiblock architectures to tune the physical properties of synthetic polymers, by changing their glass transition temperature and their morphologies obtained from microphase separation, with domain sizes reaching under 10 nm.
Prospective Study of Clinical Predictors of Suicidal Acts After a Major Depressive Episode in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder (2004)

In addition to obtaining a history of suicidal behavior, clinicians may find it useful to assess patients' current level of pessimism, aggressive/impulsive traits, and comorbidity with substance use disorders, including nicotine-related disorders, to help identify patients at risk for suicidal behavior after major depression. Interventions such as aggressive pharmacotherapeutic prophylaxis to prevent relapse or recurrence of depressive symptoms may protect such at-risk individuals from future suicidal behavior.
Eggs and chips (1998)

Soft electronics brings the technology of embedded micro-control within the reach of students with a broad range of abilities. Following on from the Spring '97 article “Pic and mix” for pupils, this article provides an insight to this new development and outlines some introductory project ideas for design and technology with the 14–16 age range.
Welding of glass/glass and Si/glass using ultrashort laser pulses (2013)

In this paper, novel fusion welding procedures using ultrashort laser pulses (USLP) to join glass-to-glass and Si-to-glass, which are useful for electronics, MEMS, biomedical and so on, are overviewed. When USLP is tightly focused into bulk glass, plasma is produced by nonlinear absorption process due to multiphoton ionization followed by avalanche ionization to provide embedded molten pool in bulk glass. The dual-structure consisting of the outer and inner structures is produced, which correspond to molten region and the laser absorption region (Fig. 1ab). Nonlinear absorptivity is evaluated at uncertainty less than ±3% and the distribution of absorbed laser intensity w(z) based on thermal conduction model [2].
Novel use of Single X-Ray Absorptiometry for Measuring Breast Density (2005)

Breast density is one of the strongest known breast cancer risk factors. Breast density has primarily been measured by either categorical scores of the proportion of opacity on a screening mammogram or as a ratio of the delineated dense area to the total breast area on a mammogram. These methods are limited by their subjectivity, their lack of absolute reference standards, and lack of automation for clinical use. We present a novel automated method for measuring breast composition we call Breast Compositional Density measured using single X-ray absorptiometry techniques, or BD(SXA). BD(SXA) measures breast compositional density by comparing the opacity on the mammogram to two reference standards imaged with each breast. We present the mathematical derivation of BD(SXA), methods for correcting for radiographic nonuniformity in the mammogram, and in vitro measures of accuracy and repeatability. Using phantoms, BD(SXA) has been shown to have a long-term repeatability of better than 2% for a breast composition range of 0 to 100% fibroglandular density.
Water-Compatible Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained via High-Throughput Synthesis and Experimental Design (2003)

A technique allowing high-throughput synthesis and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymer sorbents at a reduced scale (mini-MIPs) was developed and used for the optimization of MIPs for use in pure aqueous environments. The technique incorporated a 4-port liquid-handling robot for the rapid dispensing of monomers, templates, solvents and initiator into the reaction vessels of a 96-well plate. A library of 80 polymers, each ca. 50 mg, could thus be prepared in 24 h. The MIP rebinding capacity and selectivity could be rapidly assessed in the batch mode by quantifying nonbound fractions in parallel using a UV monochromator plate reader. This allowed a complete evaluation of the binding characteristics of an 80 polymer library in approximately 1 week. With the objective of optimizing a polymer imprinted with the local anaesthetic Bupivacaine for use in pure aqueous systems, a polymer library was prepared by varying the original poly(MAA-co-EDMA) MIP composition. The variable factors were the added amount of the hydrophilic comonomer, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), the cross-linking ratio, and the porogen. This optimization resulted in polymers showing high imprinting factors (IF = K(MIP)/K(NIP)) in water as a result, mainly, of reduced binding to the nonimprinted polymer. Normal scale batches of these materials showed strong retention of the template and low nonspecific binding when assessed as chromatographic stationary phases using pure phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, as mobile phase, by equilibrium batch rebinding experiments and as sorbents for extractions of the analyte from blood plasma samples.
Effectiveness of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide against Ictalurid Catfish Bacterial Pathogens (2021)

One of the major goals in aquaculture is to protect fish against infectious diseases as disease outbreaks could lead to economic losses if not controlled. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of highly conserved peptides known to possess direct antimicrobial activities against invading pathogens, were evaluated for their ability to protect Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) against infection caused by the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119. To identify effective peptides, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacterial pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri S97-773, Edwardsiella piscicida E22-10, A. hydrophila ML09-119, Aeromonas veronii 03X03876, and Flavobacterium columnare GL-001 were determined in vitro. In general and overall, cathelicidins derived from alligator and sea snake exhibited more potent and rapid antimicrobial activities against the tested catfish pathogens as compared to cecropin and pleurocidin AMPs and ampicillin, the antibiotic control. When the peptides (2.5 µg of peptide/g of fish) were injected into fish and simultaneously challenged with A. hydrophila through immersion, increased survival rates in Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish were observed in both cathelicidin (alligator and sea snake) treatments as compared to other peptides and the infected control (P < 0.001) with alligator cathelicidin being the overall best treatment. Bacterial numbers in the kidney and liver of Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish also decreased (P < 0.05) for cathelicidin-injected groups at 24 and 48 h after challenge infection. These results show the potential of cathelicidin to protect catfish against bacterial infections and suggest that an approach overexpressing the peptide in transgenic fish, which is the long-term goal of this research program, may provide a method of decreasing bacterial disease problems in catfish as delivering the peptides via individual injection or feeding would not be economically feasible.
Surfactant protein D binds to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein gp120 and inhibits HIV replication (2005)

The envelope protein (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contains highly conserved mannosylated oligosaccharides. These glycoconjugates contribute to resistance to antibody neutralization, and binding to cell surface lectins on macrophages and dendritic cells. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to gp120 and plays a role in defence against the virus. In this study it is demonstrated that surfactant protein D (SP-D) binds to gp120 and inhibits HIV infectivity at significantly lower concentrations than MBL. The binding of SP-D was mediated by its calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding activity and was dependent on glycosylation of gp120. Native dodecameric SP-D bound to HIV gp120 more strongly than native trimeric SP-D. Since one common polymorphic form of SP-D is predominantly expressed as trimers and associated with lower blood levels, these individuals may have less effective innate defence against HIV. A chimeric protein containing the N-terminal and collagen domains of SP-D linked to the neck and carbohydrate-recognition domains of MBL (called SP-D/MBL(neck+CRD)) had greater ability to bind to gp120 and inhibit virus replication than either SP-D or MBL. The enhanced binding of SP-D/MBL(neck+CRD) was dependent on assembly into higher molecular mass multimers (i.e. a trimeric form of the chimera did not bind to a greater extent than MBL). Hence, the enhanced binding of SP-D compared with MBL results from distinctive properties of its N-terminal and/or collagen domains. SP-D is present in lung and airway fluids, as well as in blood and various mucosal locations, and could, like MBL, play a role in restricting HIV transmission or replication in vivo.
International Environmental Legislation: Is the Cure Worse Than the Disease? (1992)

The inevitable result of the international legislation that former Prime Minister Palmer advocates will be the hostile withdrawal of some world participants as they find the process unacceptable.