gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent geomagnetic matching method (2010)

Geomagnetism aided navigation technique is a new branch of integrated navigation system. It is raised to reduce the dependence of navigation system on GPS. Our attention is focused on magnetic matching method. Based on PSO, an intelligent matching method is proposed. Contour constraint is used as prior information about the real path to confine particles initialization, so as to make sure that at least one particle is around the real path. Under this constraint, efficiency and precision of the method will be greatly improved. In simulation experiments, both matching results and integrated navigation results showed good performance.
Porosity Reduction in Sandstone (1983)

ABSTRACT Porosity reduction in siliceous sedimentary rocks is worthy of detailed study because the processes involved control the final porosity and permeability observed in all oil and gas reservoirs. In addition, porosity reduction and petroleum generation and migration may also be related. The effects on porosity reduction of the major porosity-controlling variables are virtually unknown and have been the subject of new experimental studies. Cores of St. Peter Sandstone have been subjected to high effective stress at room temperature and with fluid flow occurring at various rates. Relatively rapid pressure solution occurs even at room temperature in a flowing system.
A Therapeutic HIV Vaccine Using Coxsackie–HIV Recombinants: A Possible New Strategy (2000)

The ultimate goal in the treatment of HIV-infected persons is to prevent disease progression. A strategy to accomplish this goal is to use chemotherapy to reduce viral load followed by immunotherapy to stimulate HIV-specific immune responses that are observed in long-term asymptomatic individuals. An effective, live, recombinant virus, expressing HIV sequences, would be capable of inducing both CTL and CD4(+) helper T cell responses. To accomplish these goals, the viral vector must be immunogenic yet retain its avirulent phenotype in a T cell-deficient host. We have identified a coxsackievirus variant, CB4-P, that can induce protective immunity against a virulent variant. In addition, the CB4-P variant remains avirulent in mice lacking CD4(+) helper T cells, suggesting that CB4-P may be uniquely suited as a viral vector for a therapeutic HIV vaccine. Two strategies designed to elicit CTL and CD4(+) helper T cell responses were used to construct CB4-P/HIV recombinants. Recombinant viruses were viable, genetically stable, and retained the avirulent phenotype of the parental virus. In designing a viral vector for vaccine development, an issue that must be addressed is whether preexisting immunity to the vector would affect subsequent administration of the recombinant virus. Using a test recombinant, we showed that prior exposure to the parental CB4-P virus did not affect the ability of the recombinant to induce a CD4(+) T cell response against the foreign sequence. The results suggest that a "cocktail" of coxsackie/HIV recombinants may be useful as a therapeutic HIV vaccine.
Organosilicon compounds. Part XLIII. Preparation of aryl sulphones by desilylation or destannylation (1969)

Treatment of an aryltrimethylstannane (X·C6H4·SnMe3) with a preformed arenesulphonyl chloride–aluminium chloride (Y·C6H4·SO2Cl,AlCl3) complex in methylene chloride has been used to give the diaryl sulphone X·C6H4SO2·C6H4·Y in moderately good yield; examples are the sulphones with X and Y as follows: H, H (62%); p-Me, H (62); H, p-Me (61); p-OMe, H (65); p-F, H (58); H, p-Me3Si (57); H, p-Ph (53). The methanesulphonyl chloride–aluminium chloride complex has been used similarly to give the aryl methyl sulphones p-X·C6H4·SO2Me, with X = H (58%), F (58), or Me (55), and also mesityl methyl sulphone (31%).Aryltrimethylsilanes similarly gave the expected sulphones when treated with Y·C6H4·SO2Cl,AlCl3 complexes, but there was sometimes contamination by isomeric products; e.g. the products from p-tolyl- or p-methoxy-phenyltrimethylsilane and the benzenesulphonyl chloride–aluminium chloride complex included some o-tolyl or o-methoxyphenyl phenyl sulphone. (However, m-tolyltrimethylsilane and benzenesulphonyl chloride in carbon disulphide in presence of aluminium chloride gave phenyl m-tolyl sulphone in 64% yield.) The disulphone 4,4′-bis(phenylsulphonyl)biphenyl was obtained (47%) from 4,4′-bistrimethylsilylbiphenyl and the benzenesulphonyl chloride–aluminium chloride complex, and (63%) from phenyltrimethylsilane and the 4,4′-bis(chloro-sulphonyl)biphenyl–bis(aluminium chloride) complex.Treatment of p-trimethylsilylbenzenesulphonyl chloride with an excess of benzene or toluene in the presence of aluminium chloride gave phenyl p-trimethylsilylphenyl sulphone (87%) and p-tolyl p-trimethylsilylphenyl sulphone (76%), respectively.
A functional core of the mitochondrial genome maintenance protein Mgm101p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae determined with a temperature-conditional allele (2006)

Analysis of Mgm101p isolated from mitochondria shows that the mature protein of 27.6 kDa lacks 22 amino acids from the N-terminus. This mitochondrial targeting sequence has been incorporated in the design of oligonucleotides used to determine a functional core of Mgm101p. Progressive deletions, although retaining the targeting sequence, reveal that 76 N-terminal and six C-terminal amino acids of Mgm101p can be removed without altering the ability to complement an mgm101-1(ts) temperature-sensitive mutant. However, this active core is unable to complement mgm101 null mutants, suggesting that the Mgm101p might need to form a dimer or multimer to be functional in vivo. The active core, enriched in basic residues, contains 165 amino acids with a pI of 9.2. Alignment with 22 Mgm101p sequences from other lower eukaryotes shows that a number of amino acids are highly conserved in this region. Random mutagenesis confirms that certain critical amino acids required for function are invariant across the 23 proteins. Searches in the PFAM database revealed a low level of structural similarity between the active core and the Rad52 protein family.
Influence of chemical treatment on the electrical conductivity and thermopower of expanded graphite foils (2013)

Abstract We investigated the interaction of chemical materials with flexible graphite foils which were fabricated from the expanded graphite (EG) flakes by mechanical rolling and compressing. A variety of performed experiments demonstrated that the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power (TEP) of the graphite foils can be modified by chemical treatments. In particular, the “as prepared” p‐type graphite foil was successfully transferred into an n‐type doped material upon a treatment with amine containing compounds. Generally, the acceptor‐like chemicals increasing the concentration of the electric charge carriers enhanced the conductivity of the graphite foils, thereby, showing a decrease in the TEP reflected by the Seebeck coefficient, whereas the donor molecules significantly affected the conductivity and changed the sign and value of the TEP. Thermal and electrical insulating polymers, such as PVDF, PMMA, PVA, PS or PC, filling the inter‐lamellar spacing reduced the conductivity of the foil due to increase of the layer‐to‐layer resistance. They also blocked heat flow in the foil, and consequently increased the Seebeck coefficient. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overexpression of a splice variant of DNA methyltransferase 3b, DNMT3b4, associated with DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions during human hepatocarcinogenesis (2002)

DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions is an early and frequent event associated with heterochromatin instability during human hepatocarcinogenesis. A DNA methyltransferase, DNMT3b, is required for methylation on pericentromeric satellite regions during mouse development. To clarify the molecular mechanism underlying DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions during human hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined mutations of the DNMT3b gene and mRNA expression levels of splice variants of DNMT3b in noncancerous liver tissues showing chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, which are considered to be precancerous conditions, and in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Mutation of the DNMT3b gene was not found in HCCs. Overexpression of DNMT3b4, a splice variant of DNMT3b lacking conserved methyltransferase motifs IX and X, significantly correlated with DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions in precancerous conditions and HCCs (P = 0.0001). In particular, the ratio of expression of DNMT3b4 to that of DNMT3b3, which is the major splice variant in normal liver tissues and retains conserved methyltransferase motifs I, IV, VI, IX, and X, showed significant correlation with DNA hypomethylation (P = 0.009). Transfection of human epithelial 293 cells with DNMT3b4 cDNA induced DNA demethylation on satellite 2 in pericentromeric heterochromatin DNA. These results suggest that overexpression of DNMT3b4, which may lack DNA methyltransferase activity and compete with DNMT3b3 for targeting to pericentromeric satellite regions, results in DNA hypomethylation on these regions, even in precancerous stages, and plays a critical role in human hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing chromosomal instability.
Bringing real objects, spaces, actions, and interactions into social VR (2016)

We present a novel multiuser virtual reality (VR) system where the physical world is used as a template for the placement of walls, furniture, and objects in the virtual world so as to create a correspondence in scale, spatial layout, and object placement between the two spaces. Through this association between the real and virtual world, users are able to walk freely while wearing a head-mounted device, avoid obstacles like walls and furniture, interact with each other and with objects just like they would in real life, bringing us closer to the realization of realistic collaborative virtual environments. Preliminary deployment during our lab's semi-annual open house shows that the system has potential to offer a high degree of presence in VR.
Polymer supported enantioselective reactions. II. α-Methylation of cyclohexanone (1982)

Insoluble cross-linked copolymers of styrene and 1% divinylbenzene with covalently bonded (S)-2-aminoalkoxy groups were used in the enantioselective α-methylation of cyclohexanone through the corresponding imines. Enantiomeric excesses of 94% of (S)-2-methylcyclohexanone were observed on methylation at 20 °C. An analogous optically active 2-aminoalkyl benzyl ether, under otherwise identical conditions, resulted in a lower enantiomeric excess (49%) with selectivity approaching that of the polymer only at −78 °C.
Report on the Fifth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens, Boston, November 3-7, 1993. (1995)

held inBoston on November 3-7, 1993. More than 500institutions worldwide participated in theWorkshop study groups, and approximately1450 antibodies were investigated, allowing theidentification of 48 new CD clusters and theredelineation of 14 previously clustered mole-cules (see Table 1). All the monoclonal antibod-ies (mAbs) were analyzed by ﬂow cytometry andthe data recorded in a
POSITIVE HALOGENS ATTACHED TO CARBON IN THE AROMATIC SERIES. V. ANALOGY BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE HALOGENS (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPOSITIVE HALOGENS ATTACHED TO CARBON IN THE AROMATIC SERIES. V. ANALOGY BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE HALOGENSBen H. NicoletCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 7, 1810–1814Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1927https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01406a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (315 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of cyclosporine in rats with reduced renal mass. (1986)

The longterm effect of cyclosporine (CyA) on chronic renal failure was studied in female Wistar rats subjected to 4/5 to 5/6 nephrectomy by partial infarction of the left kidney followed by contralateral nephrectomy. CyA was added to a standard rat diet containing 25% protein. Each rat received 14 g of food daily containing 0 (control), 1.2 (group A), 2.4 (group B), or 4.8 (group C) mg CyA. The number of rats that did not survive the whole experimental period of 20 weeks on the CyA containing diets was similar to the control. In the surviving rats no difference between groups could be detected regarding body weight, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. Proteinuria rose progressively up to 15 weeks in the control group and similarly in groups A and B. Mean proteinuria in group C was about half the control mean at 5-20 weeks. Systolic blood pressure differed little between groups A, B and control, but was significantly lower than control in group C at 10-20 weeks. Histologically groups B and C showed significantly less glomeruli with segmental sclerosis and less hypertensive vasculopathy than groups A and control. Histological signs of tubular CyA toxicity correlated with the doses applied: inclusion bodies were more frequent in all groups while the score of vacuolisation was increased significantly in group C only. In conclusion, CyA appears not to adversely affect or - at moderately toxic dosage - even to slow down progressive glomerular sclerosis in rats with reduced renal mass.
Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Arylacetonitriles from Arylzinc Chlorides and Bromoacetonitrile (1987)

Arylacetonitriles are synthesised by coupling arylzinc chlorides with bromoacetonitrile using Ni(acac)2/P(c-C6H11)(C6H5)2 as catalyst. The arylacetonitriles are reduced in situ with LiAlH4/AlCl3 to give the corresponding 2-aryl-1-aminoethanes
Realization and characterization of 8×8 resonant cavity LED arrays mounted onto CMOS drivers for POF-based interchip interconnections (1999)

An 8/spl times/8 array of resonant-cavity light emitting diodes (RCLED's) emitting at 980 nm and flip-chip mounted onto complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated drivers, is presented. The RCLED's are optimized for maximal extraction efficiency into the numerical aperture of polymer optical fibers (NA=0.5) and minimal optical crosstalk. Design of the optimal cavity structure is presented, and 8/spl times/8 arrays are realized and mounted directly onto standard CMOS chips using a solder reflow technique. The CMOS integrated drivers are designed for high-speed operation and low-power consumption, and are realized in 0.8 and 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The electrooptical modules have been realized and characterized, and over 50-/spl mu/W optical power coupled to POF at 3-mA drive current is reported. Open eye diagrams at operation speed up to 250 Mb/s are presented. These characteristics are compatible with CMOS integrated low-power receivers.
The Numbers of Pathogenic Bacilli in Faeces in Intestinal Diseases (1955)

Summary 1. Gastro-enteritis caused by certain varieties of Bact. coli is a highly infectious disease among babies, and it has been suspected that the infectivity is associated, partly at least, with the very large numbers of pathogens excreted in the faeces. Very large numbers were found in the faeces, but large numbers of pathogens were also found in dysentery, salmonella food-poisoning and in some cases of paratyphoid fever. In cases of gastro-enteritis the dilution of faeces containing 5 to 50 pathogenic Bact. coli per ml. was usually 10 −8 ; in Sonne dysentery and salmonella food-poisoning the corresponding dilution was 10 −6 . It is doubtful if even this difference can account for the differences in infectivity. 2. When normal Bact. coli outnumber pathogenic Bact. coli , shigellae or salmonellae by as little as 10: 1 it is difficult to identify the pathogens unless a selective culture medium can be used. 3. Ordinary nutrient broth is generally able to act as an enrichment medium for the isolation of pathogens from faeces.
The epidermis: a sensory tissue. (2008)

The skin is an efficient barrier which protects our bodies from the external environment but it is also an important site for the perception of various stimuli. Sensory neurones of the peripheral nervous system send many primary afferent fibres to the skin. They pass through the dermis and penetrate the basement membrane to innervate epidermal cells or remain as free endings. Nerve fibres are clearly involved in somatosensation. However, they are not always so numerous, for example in distal parts of the limbs, and some kinds of sensors can be at a distance of hundreds of micrometers from each other. The skin can detect patterns at a very fine and smaller scale, which suggests that nerve terminals are helped by epidermal sensors. All epidermal cells (keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells) express sensor proteins and neuropeptides regulating the neuro-immuno-cutaneous system. Hence, they must play a part in the epidermal sensory system. This review will consider the epidermal components of this forefront sensory system and the stimulations they perceive. The epidermis can be considered a true sensory tissue where sensor proteins and neurone-like properties enable epidermal cells to participate in the skin surface perception through interactions with nerve fibres.
Optimized Gal4 genetics for permanent gene expression mapping in zebrafish (2009)

Combinatorial genetics for conditional transgene activation allows studying gene function with temporal and tissue specific control like the Gal4-UAS system, which has enabled sophisticated genetic studies in Drosophila. Recently this system was adapted for zebrafish and promising applications have been introduced. Here, we report a systematic optimization of zebrafish Gal4-UAS genetics by establishing an optimized Gal4-activator (KalTA4). We provide quantitative data for KalTA4-mediated transgene activation in dependence of UAS copy numbers to allow for studying dosage effects of transgene expression. Employing a Tol2 transposon-mediated KalTA4 enhancer trap screen biased for central nervous system expression, we present a collection of self-reporting red fluorescent KalTA4 activator strains. These strains reliably transactivate UAS-dependent transgenes and can be rendered homozygous. Furthermore, we have characterized the transactivation kinetics of tissue-specific KalTA4 activation, which led to the development of a self-maintaining effector strain "Kaloop." This strain relates transient KalTA4 expression during embryogenesis via a KalTA4-mediated autoregulatory mechanism to live adult structures. We demonstrate its use by showing that the secondary octaval nucleus in the adult hindbrain is likely derived from egr2b-expressing cells in rhombomere 5 during stages of early embryogenesis. These data demonstrate prolonged and maintained expression by Kalooping, a technique that can be used for permanent spatiotemporal genetic fate mapping and targeted transgene expression in zebrafish.
Impact of residual dispersion on SPM-related power margins in 10 Gbit/s-based systems using standard SMF (2002)

We show that the most performing dispersion compensation technique for single mode fibre (SMF) transmissions at 10 Gbit/s is post-compensation, and we give a design rule for WDM self-phase modulation-limited transmissions. We generalise the results by analysing the dependence of the performances of both schemes on the residual dispersion. The study is concentrated on realistic terrestrial transmission links, which typically reach 500 km.
Inhibition of the Bacterial Enoyl Reductase FabI by Triclosan:  A Structure−Reactivity Analysis of FabI Inhibition by Triclosan Analogues (2004)

To explore the molecular basis for the picomolar affinity of triclosan for FabI, the enoyl reductase enzyme from the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli, an SAR study has been conducted using a series of triclosan analogues. Triclosan (1) is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor of FabI, interacting specifically with the E.NAD(+) form of the enzyme with a K(1) value of 7 pM. In contrast, 2-phenoxyphenol (2) binds with equal affinity to the E.NAD(+) (K(1) = 0.5 microM) and E.NADH (K(2) = 0.4 microM) forms of the enzyme and lacks the slow-binding step observed for triclosan. Thus, removal of the three triclosan chlorine atoms reduces the affinity of the inhibitor for FabI by 70,000-fold and removes the preference for the E.NAD(+) FabI complex. 5-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenol (3) is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor of FabI and binds to the E.NAD(+) form of the enzyme (K(1) = 1.1 pM) 7-fold more tightly than triclosan. Thus, while the two ring B chlorine atoms are not required for FabI inhibition, replacement of the ring A chlorine increases binding affinity by 450,000-fold. Given this remarkable observation, the SAR study was extended to the 5-fluoro-2-phenoxyphenol (4) and 5-methyl-2-phenoxyphenol (5) analogues to further explore the role of the ring A substituent. While both 4 and 5 are slow, tight-binding inhibitors, they bind substantially less tightly to FabI than triclosan. Compound 4 binds to both E.NAD(+) and E.NADH forms of the enzyme with K(1) and K(2) values of 3.2 and 240 nM, respectively, whereas compound 5 binds exclusively to the E.NADH enzyme complex with a K(2) value of 7.2 nM. Thus, the ring A substituent is absolutely required for slow, tight-binding inhibition. In addition, pK(a) measurements coupled with simple electrostatic calculations suggest that the interaction of the ring A substituent with F203 is a major factor in governing the affinity of analogues 3-5 for the FabI complex containing the oxidized form of the cofactor.
On the Execution of Large Batch Programs in Unreliable Computing Systems (1984)

The execution of long-running batch programs imposes severe reliability constraints on a computing system since the occurrence of a failure during its execution is more likely and that once occurred, a failure would destroy all the processing perfonned thus far. This paper studies the execution delay and machine resources consumed in supporting the running of large batch programs in a computing environment interrupted by failures. The effect of checkpoints and their optimal insertion are also considered. The results are applicable to arbitrary law of failure.
A Randomized Trial of Rosuvastatin in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism (2009)

In this trial of apparently healthy persons, rosuvastatin significantly reduced the occurrence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00239681.)