gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Ripple Injection Concept for Transport Control (2013)

Recent experiments in many devices have provided firm evidence that the edge radial electric field profile differs between L- and H-modes, and that these fields can greatly modify transport in tokamak plasmas. A nonintrusive method for inducing radial electric field based on electron ripple injection is being developed by the CDX-U group. This technique utilizes a pair of special coils to create a local magnetic field ripple to trap the electrons at the edge of the plasma. The trapped electrons then drift into the plasma due to the {del}B drift. An ECH power is applied to accelerate electrons to sufficient perpendicular energy to penetrate into the plasma. Application of ECH power to the trapped electrons should provide the desired 20 A of electron current with electrons of a few keV of energy and v{perpendicular}/v{parallel} {much_gt} 1. A controlled experiment to investigate the physics of ECH aided ripple injection has been designed on CDX-U. With the set of ripple coils designed for CDX-U, a ripple fraction of {delta} ({double_bond} {del}B/B{sub av}) {approximately} 5% is attainable. At this ripple fraction, electrons are trapped if v{perpendicular}/v{parallel} {much_gt} 1> (2{delta}){sup {minus}{1/2}} {approx}3. A resonant cavity box was fabricated for efficient heating of the trapped electrons. It is also capable of measuring the effect of the field ripple in conjunction with trapped electrons. Some preliminary results are given.
Filecasting for streaming content delivery in IP datacast over DVB-H systems (2008)

In this paper we investigate the potential gain that can be obtained in DVB-H by delivering streaming content as a succession of time-constrained flies using Application Layer - Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) for improving the reception for mobile terminals. Compared to the conventional approach with link layer MPE-FEC, this technique allows to increase the robustness of the DVB-H transmission not only as a function of the capacity devoted for error repair (FEC overhead), but also as a function of the number of data bursts coded jointly ("file" or, source data block, size). The main drawback of this approach is an increase of the network latency proportional to the source block size, that can be translated into a larger service access time, and, in the case of mobile TV, a larger zapping time between channels, which is currently seen as a crucial parameter for DVB-H usability. In this paper the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using vehicular urban DVB-H field measurements. We evaluate the gain compared to MPE-FEC in terms of reduced Erroneous Second Ratio (ESR) of the streaming service as a function of the FEC overhead and the system latency introduced. Moreover, simulations have been performed to quantify feasible link margin gains.
Component analysis of a new anabolic androgenic steroidand its monitoring research in human urine (2010)

A new oral drug containing an unknown anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) was studied. The principal constituent of the unknown anabolic hormone was studied by infrared spectrum (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and mass spectroscopy (MS). It was inferred to be methyl-1-testosterone (M1T, 17beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyl-5alpha-androst-1-en-3-one) which was just added to the prohibited list in 2006. In addition, a monitoring, screening and confirmation of methyl-1-testosterone was established. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 2 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10) was 10 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation was 9.8% (n = 7) for the determination of pretreated urine sample with internal standard. This method was successfully applied in the identification of M1T positive urine. The excretion curve of M1T in human urine is described. It is a significant work for the discovery, determination and monitoring of the new AAS.
Real-time bid optimization for group-buying ads (2012)

Group-buying ads seeking a minimum number of customers before the deal expiry are increasingly used by the daily-deal providers. Unlike the traditional web ads, the advertiser's profits for group-buying ads depends on the time to expiry and additional customers needed to satisfy the minimum group size. Since both these quantities are time-dependent, optimal bid amounts to maximize profits change with every impression. Consequently, traditional static bidding strategies are far from optimal. Instead, bid values need to be optimized in real-time to maximize expected bidder profits. This online optimization of deal profits is made possible by the advent of ad exchanges offering real-time (spot) bidding. To this end, we propose a real-time bidding strategy for group-buying deals based on the online optimization of the bid values. We derive the expected bidder profit of deals as a function of the bid amounts, and dynamically vary bids to maximize profits. Further, to satisfy time constraints of the online bidding, we present methods of minimizing computation timings. We evaluate the proposed bidding on a multi-million click stream of 935 ads. The method shows significant profit improvement over the existing strategies.
Hyperosmolarity-Induced Apoptosis in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by Cytochrome c and MAPK Pathways (2007)

These findings show that hyperosmolarity induces apoptosis of human corneal epithelial cells through a cytochrome c-mediated death pathway, which may be mediated by JNK and ERK MAPK signaling pathways.
Lack of Norovirus Replication and Histo-Blood Group Antigen Expression in 3-Dimensional Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2013)

Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. An in vitro model for NoV replication remains elusive, making study of the virus difficult. A previous study, which used a 3-dimensional (3-D) intestinal model derived from INT-407 cells reported NoV replication and extensive cytopathic effects (CPE). Using the same 3-D model, but with highly purified Norwalk virus (NV), we attempted to replicate this study. Our results showed no evidence of NV replication by real-time PCR of viral RNA or by immunocytochemical detection of viral structural and nonstructural proteins. Immunocytochemical analysis of the 3-D cultures also showed no detectable presence of histo-blood group antigens that participate in NV binding and host tropism. To determine the potential cause of CPE observed in the previous study, we exposed 3-D cultures to lipopolysaccharide concentrations consistent with contaminated stool samples and observed morphologic features similar to CPE. We conclude that the 3-D INT-407 model does not support NV replication.
Low-Energy Grazing Ion-Scattering From Alkali-Halide Surfaces: A Novel Approach To C-14 Detection (2009)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. W. Meyer, E. Galutschek, M. Hotchkis; Low‐Energy Grazing Ion‐Scattering From Alkali‐Halide Surfaces: A Novel Approach To C‐14 Detection. AIP Conf. Proc. 10 March 2009; 1099 (1): 308–313. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3120038 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Recursive filters for a partially observable system subject to random failure (2003)

We consider a failure-prone system which operates in continuous time and is subject to condition monitoring at discrete time epochs. It is assumed that the state of the system evolves as a continuous-time Markov process with a finite state space. The observation process is stochastically related to the state process which is unobservable, except for the failure state. Combining the failure information and the information obtained from condition monitoring, and using the change of measure approach, we derive a general recursive filter, and, as special cases, we obtain recursive formulae for the state estimation and other quantities of interest. Up-dated parameter estimates are obtained using the EM algorithm. Some practical prediction problems are discussed and an illustrative example is given using a real dataset.
Clinical significance and prognostic value of chromatin assembly factor‐1 overexpression in human solid tumours (2010)

CAF-1 is a proliferation marker in various malignant tumours with prognostic value in renal, endometrial and cervical carcinomas, which supports the value of CAF-1 as a clinical marker of cancer progression.
Cohort profile: the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank (EmCAB) (2017)

Future integrative -omics analyses will provide the cardiovascular research community opportunities for subsequent mechanistic confirmation studies, which will promote the development of effective personalised therapy that leads to clinical care tailored to the individual patient.
AProspective, Open-Label Trial of Galantamine in Autistic Disorder (2006)

In this open trial, galantamine was well-tolerated and appeared to be beneficial for the treatment of interfering behaviors in children with autism, particularly aggression, behavioral dyscontrol, and inattention. Further controlled trials are warranted.
Children (1993)

This chapter looks at the welfare provision which exists to help children. This involves looking at some rather diverse aspects of social policy and welfare provision.
Stereochemical Diversity-Oriented Conformational Restriction Strategy. Development of Potent Histamine H <sub>3</sub> and/or H <sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonists with an Imidazolylcyclopropane Structure (2006)

The stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy can be an efficient method for developing specific ligands for drug target proteins, especially in cases where neither the bioactive conformation nor the pharmacophore is known. To develop potent H3 and H4 receptor antagonists, a series of conformationally restricted analogues of histamine with a chiral cis- or trans-cyclopropane structure were designed on the basis of this strategy. These target compounds with stereochemical diversity were synthesized from the versatile chiral cyclopropane units (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (6 and 7, respectively) or their enantiomers ent-6 and ent-7. Pharmacological profiles of these conformationally restricted analogues were shown to be different depending on the cyclopropane backbones. Among the analogues, (1R,2S)-2-[2-(4-chlorobenzylamino)ethyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (11a) with the (1R)-trans-cyclopropane structure has remarkable antagonistic activity to both the H3 (Ki = 8.4 nM) and H4 (Ki = 7.6 nM) receptors. The enantiomer of 11a, i.e., ent-11a, with the (1S)-trans-cyclopropane structure turned out to be a highly potent and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 3.6 nM. Conversely, (1R,2R)-2-[(4-chlorobenzylamino)methyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (10a) with the (1R)-trans structure was selective for the H4 receptor (Ki = 118 nM) compared to the H3 receptor (Ki > 10(3) nM). Thus, a variety of compounds with different pharmacological profiles have been developed. These results show that when the structure of the target protein is unknown, the stereochemical diversity-oriented approach can be a powerful strategy in medicinal chemical studies.
[A flow cytometric study of the effects of benzalkonium chloride on the cell cycle]. (1992)

The effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the cell cycle of Chang's cultured human conjunctival cells were investigated by a flow cytometer (FCM). The cells were exposed to BAK solutions for 60 sec and after 12-48 hrs were fixed in 20% ethanol, treated by 0.25% RNase and stained by 0.005% propidium iodide. DNA histograms were analyzed by the FCM. As a result, although many cells were damaged by exposure to solutions of 0.0025% or 0.005% BAK, they began to grow again 48 hrs later. BAK decreased red fluorescence intensity in DNA histograms. The histogram shifted to the left 12 hrs after the cells were exposed to 0.0025% or 0.005% BAK solutions and recovered 48 hrs later. The DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle was inhibited by exposure to solutions of 0.0025% BAK and then recovered 48 hrs later.
Siglo y medio de comercio exterior de productos corcheros en españa, 1849-1999 (2004)

In this work it is analyzed the evolution and composition of the foreign Spanish trade of cork products during the second half of the XIXth century and the XXth century. For it there has been in use the Estadística del Comercio Exterior de España, elaborated from 1849 up to the current importance. The above mentioned analysis sets up important changes in the characteristics that the cork business has had in Spain during the considered period, at least from a commercial point of view, emphasizing the major relevancy acquired by the import trade in the last quarter of the XXth century and the return to the stopper, which has frustrated the diversification process of the cork industry and trade, initiated in the first years of last century. For countries, Portugal has turned, from the civil war, into the first world power to the detriment of Spain. Our country could not have recovered the commercial leadership, that had during the second half of the XIXth century and the first third of the XXth, on the principal cork markets and, at present, it has small presence, in relative terms, on the markets of the new wine countries, great buyers of cork stoppers.
Memory functions reveal structural properties of gene regulatory networks (2018)

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) control cellular function and decision making during tissue development and homeostasis. Mathematical tools based on dynamical systems theory are often used to model these networks, but the size and complexity of these models mean that their behaviour is not always intuitive and the underlying mechanisms can be difficult to decipher. For this reason, methods that simplify and aid exploration of complex networks are necessary. To this end we develop a broadly applicable form of the Zwanzig-Mori projection. By first converting a thermodynamic state ensemble model of gene regulation into mass action reactions we derive a general method that produces a set of time evolution equations for a subset of components of a network. The influence of the rest of the network, the bulk, is captured by memory functions that describe how the subnetwork reacts to its own past state via components in the bulk. These memory functions provide probes of near-steady state dynamics, revealing information not easily accessible otherwise. We illustrate the method on a simple cross-repressive transcriptional motif to show that memory functions not only simplify the analysis of the subnetwork but also have a natural interpretation. We then apply the approach to a GRN from the vertebrate neural tube, a well characterised developmental transcriptional network composed of four interacting transcription factors. The memory functions reveal the function of specific links within the neural tube network and identify features of the regulatory structure that specifically increase the robustness of the network to initial conditions. Taken together, the study provides evidence that Zwanzig-Mori projections offer powerful and effective tools for simplifying and exploring the behaviour of GRNs.
Fused heterocycles from <i>o</i>-acylbenzenethiol derivatives (1988)

The oximes of 2-acylthioanisole derivatives may be conveniently converted into 1,2-benzisothiazoles by acetic anhydride in pyridine. 3-(2-Methylthiophenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole, prepared by this method, has been further converted into the 1,2-benzisothiazolo[2,3-b]-1,2-benzisothiazolium system. The phenylhydrazones of certain 2-acylthioanisoles are also cyclized by polyphosphoric acid to 2-(2-methylthio)phenylindoles, which are further converted into benzo[b]thieno[3,2-b]indoles by demethylation and oxidation.
Electrochromic capacitive windows based on all conjugated polymers for a dual function smart window (2018)

A highly transparent electrochromic capacitive (ECC) window was explored by combining a high contrast electrochromic polymer (ECP) and a transparent capacitive polymer.
High performance ultra-compact SOI waveguide crossing (2018)

Waveguide crossing is an important integrated photonic component that will be routinely used for high-density and large-scale photonic integrated circuits, such as optical switches and routers. Several techniques have been reported in achieving high performance waveguide crossings on a silicon-on-insulator photonic platform, i.e., low-loss and low-crosstalk waveguide crossings based on multimode interference, bi-layer tapering, optical transformation, metamaterials, and subwavelength gratings. Until recently, not much attention has been given to the reduction of the footprint of waveguide crossings. Here we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact waveguide crossing on silicon photonic platform with a footprint only ~1 × 1 μm<sup>2</sup>. Our simulations show that it has a low insertion loss (< 0.175 dB) and low crosstalk (< -37dB) across the whole C-band, while the fabricated one has an insertion loss < 0.28 dB and crosstalk around -30 dB for the C-band.
Knowledge Representation Technologies Using Semantic Web (2018)

The World Wide Web (WWW) is global information medium, where users can read and write using computers over internet. Web is one of the services available on internet. The Web was created in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Since then a great refinement has done in the web usage and development of its applications. Semantic Web Technologies enable machines to interpret data published in a machine-interpretable form on the web. Semantic web is not a separate web it is an extension to the current web with additional semantics. Semantic technologies play a crucial role to provide data understandable to machines. To achieve machine understandable, we should add semantics to existing websites. With additional semantics, we can achieve next level web where knowledge repositories are available for better understanding of web data. This facilitates better search, accurate filtering and intelligent retrieval of data. This paper discusses about the Semantic Web and languages involved in describing documents in machine understandable format.
Targeting GRP75 Improves HSP90 Inhibitor Efficacy by Enhancing p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors are potential drugs for cancer therapy. The inhibition of HSP90 on cancer cell growth largely through degrading client proteins, like Akt and p53, therefore, triggering cancer cell apoptosis. Here, we show that the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG can induce the expression of GRP75, a member of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family, which, in turn, attenuates the anti-growth effect of HSP90 inhibition on cancer cells. Additionally, 17-AAG enhanced binding of GRP75 and p53, resulting in the retention of p53 in the cytoplasm. Blocking GRP75 with its inhibitor MKT-077 potentiated the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG by disrupting the formation of GRP75-p53 complexes, thereby facilitating translocation of p53 into the nuclei and leading to the induction of apoptosis-related genes. Finally, dual inhibition of HSP90 and GRP75 was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth in a liver cancer xenograft model. In conclusion, the GRP75 inhibitor MKT-077 enhances 17-AAG-induced apoptosis in HCCs and increases p53-mediated inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Dual targeting of GRP75 and HSP90 may be a useful strategy for the treatment of HCCs.
A Novel Nondamaging Friction Reducer: Development and Successful Slickwater Frac Applications (2010)

Abstract Friction reducers are commonly used in slickwater fracturing operations to minimize energy loss due to tremendous amount of friction between tubular goods and water or brine solutions during the pumping of very high rate of fluids. Currently almost all friction reducers used are high molecular weight polyacrylamide emulsions. Large amount of polymers is injected into the formation even at very low concentrations (typically 0.5 – 2 gpt) due to the large volume of a typical slickwater frac treatment. Concerns have persistently been raised over possible fracture and formation damages caused by the friction reducers. All current friction reducers, including copolymers, are polymers with C-C backbones, which are difficult to break. Tests show that these polymers, even in the presence of oxidizer breakers, cause formation damage. A novel friction reducer featuring easily breakable chemistry has been developed to offer clean, non-damaging slickwater stimulations. This new non-damaging friction reducer, delivered also in liquid form for the ease of transportation and field operation, is very effective as a friction reducer, compatible with common chemical additives (scale inhibitors, biocides, clay stabilizers, surfactants, brines, etc) and stable towards mechanical shearing. This paper will present the product development details and lab tests on the effectiveness of the new friction reducer in water and various brines and its hydration profile at different temperatures, chemical compatibility and breaking profiles. Formation damage studies on tight sandstone and shale formation on this new friction reducer in comparison with the conventional ones have been conducted and will be discussed in the paper. Results show the non-damaging friction reducer degrades easily with conventional breakers and leave no damage to the formation. Several successful multi-stage slickwater frac completions have been performed with the new friction reducer and these field trials will also be reviewed.
Brillouin scattering in planar waveguides. I. Numerical model (2003)

A model for the calculation of Brillouin spectra in planar waveguides is presented. The electromagnetic field in a mode of a planar waveguide is a current wave along the guide and a standing wave across the guide with an evanescent tail in the substrate. The modal electromagnetic field can be calculated if the refractive index profile across the waveguide is known. The model for the calculation of Brillouin spectra considers the spatial distribution of the exciting field in the mode, a simple spatial dependence of the elasto-optic coefficients, through the value of the refractive index, and neglects the refraction of phonons. A single parameter, i.e., the sound velocity, is necessary to calculate as many spectra as is the number of modes in the waveguide. Examples of step index waveguides of different thicknesses and of graded-index waveguides are calculated and the results are compared with those of a simpler model based on a ray-tracing approach. In multimode waveguides with a step index profile, it turns out that longitudinal phonons produce two main peaks with an energy separation which increases with the mode index m. In graded-index waveguides, m−1 peaks of comparable intensities may appear.
Free Radical Damage in Facsimile Synovium: Correlation with Adhesion Formation in Osteoarthritic TMJs (2006)

This study suggests that the rat air pouch model of facsimile synovium develops clinical evidence of adhesions and biochemical signs of protein modification when subjected to free radical attack. NAC and ibuprofen prevented carbonyl formation as well as hydrophobicity changes indicative of oxidative stress damage in facsimile synovium. These findings are consistent with features of degenerative human TMJ disease. Future direction may be taken from this study to postulate new analysis techniques and treatment modalities for patients with degenerative TMJ disease.