gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Inflammatory and Immune‐Regulatory Effects of Subcutaneous <i>Perillae fructus</i> Extract Injections on OVA‐Induced Asthma in Mice (2007)

Perillae fructus (perilla seed) is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat bronchial asthma in Oriental medical clinics. ST36 is one of the most widely used acupuncture points, particularly for immune system regulation. Injection of an herbal extract into an acupuncture point (herbal acupuncture) is a therapeutic technique combining both acupuncture and herbal treatment. Perillae fructus extract was injected subcutaneously (Perillae fructus herbal acupuncture; PF-HA) at acupoint ST36 of OVA-induced asthmatic mice. The lung weight, bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) cell count, the number of CCR3+, CD11b+, CD4+ and CD3e+/CD69+ cells in the lung, and the level of IgE, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and serum were then measured. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-α in the lung. Lung sections were analyzed histologically. PF-HA significantly reduced lung weight, the number of inflammatory cells in the lung and BALF, the levels of IgE and Th2 cytokines in BALF and serum, mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines in the lung, and pathological changes in lung tissue. Our results suggest that PF-HA may have an anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effect on bronchial allergic asthma by restoring the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the immune system and suppressing eosinophilic inflammation in airways.
The Molecular Biology of SARS Coronavirus (2007)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the first emerging infectious disease of the 21st century that has been highly transmissible and fatal and was caused by a previously unknown coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The SARS epidemic in 2003 resulted in more than 8400 SARS cases and approximately 800 deaths. Existing in non-identified animal reservoirs, SARS-CoV continues to represent a threat to humans although more than four years have passed since a large outbreak of SARS, and no new cases have been reported. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of reemergence of SARS. It is hence necessary to understand the biology of the SARS-CoV to deal adequately with the next outbreak, whenever it happens. The SARS-CoV is a novel coronavirus with a large ( approximately 30 thousand nucleotides) positive-sense, single-stranded RNA containing 14 functional open reading frames (ORFs) of which 2 large ORFs constitute the replicase gene which encodes proteins required for viral RNA syntheses. The remaining 12 ORFs encode the 4 structural proteins: spike, membrane, nucleocapsid and envelope; and eight accessory proteins. The viral genome and its expression within the host cell undergoes extensive translational and enzymatic processing to form the 4 structural, 8 accessory and 16 nonstructural proteins. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms or capsid assembly and viral pathogenesis, laboratories around the world have adopted a variety of approaches to answering these trivial questions. It has been our effort to consolidate all information known to date about the molecular mechanisms of the SARS-CoV into this chapter to update our readership on the current status of research.
Sumoylation regulates multiple aspects of mammalian poly(A) polymerase function (2008)

The addition of the poly(A) tail to the ends of eukaryotic mRNAs is catalyzed by poly(A) polymerase (PAP). PAP activity is known to be highly regulated, for example, by alternative splicing and phosphorylation. In this study we show that the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays multiple roles in regulating PAP function. Our discovery of SUMO-conjugated PAP began with the observation of a striking pattern of abundant higher-molecular-weight forms of PAP in certain mouse tissues and cell lines. PAP constitutes an unusual SUMO substrate in that, despite the absence of any consensus sumoylation sites, PAP interacts very strongly with the SUMO E2 enzyme ubc9 and can be extensively sumoylated both in vitro and in vivo. Six sites of sumoylation in PAP were identified, with two overlapping one of two nuclear localization signals (NLS). Strikingly, mutation of the two lysines at the NLS to arginines, or coexpression of a SUMO protease with wild-type PAP, caused PAP to be localized to the cytoplasm, demonstrating that sumoylation is required to facilitate PAP nuclear localization. Sumoylation also contributes to PAP stability, as down-regulation of sumoylation led to decreases in PAP levels. Finally, the activity of purified PAP was shown to be inhibited by in vitro sumoylation. Our study thus shows that SUMO regulates PAP in numerous distinct ways and is integral to normal PAP function.
Electronically scanned Rotman lens antenna with liquid crystal phase shifters (2013)

The performance of a Rotman lens, which forms fixed beams at 0°, ±15° and ±30°, is augmented using liquid crystal phase shifters to simultaneously steer each beam by up to ±7.5°. Measured results are used to demonstrate that the true time delay property of the antenna and voltage controlled phase shifters can be exploited to provide continuously scanned beams with full coverage over an angular range of ±37.5°, and with operation over the band 6–10 GHz.
A Bionic Polarization Navigation Sensor and Its Calibration Method (2016)

The polarization patterns of skylight which arise due to the scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere can be used by many insects for deriving compass information. Inspired by insects' polarized light compass, scientists have developed a new kind of navigation method. One of the key techniques in this method is the polarimetric sensor which is used to acquire direction information from skylight. In this paper, a polarization navigation sensor is proposed which imitates the working principles of the polarization vision systems of insects. We introduce the optical design and mathematical model of the sensor. In addition, a calibration method based on variable substitution and non-linear curve fitting is proposed. The results obtained from the outdoor experiments provide support for the feasibility and precision of the sensor. The sensor's signal processing can be well described using our mathematical model. A relatively high degree of accuracy in polarization measurement can be obtained without any error compensation.
A uniform approach for selecting views and indexes in a data warehouse (2002)

Careful selection of aggregate views and some of their most used indexes to materialize in a data warehouse reduces the warehouse query response time as well as warehouse maintenance cost under some storage space constraint. Data warehouses collect and store large amounts of integrated enterprise data from a number of independent data sources over a long period of time. Warehouse data are used for online analytical processing to assist management in making quick and competitive business decisions. Precomputing and storing summary tables (materialized views) reduces the amount of time needed to recompute these views across several source tables in order to answer complex warehouse queries. A data cube is an elegant way for representing aggregate information in a Warehouse and is an n-dimensional view with 2/sup n/ subviews. The paper presents a uniform technique for selecting the subviews of the data cube and their indexes to materialize in order to produce the best resultant benefit to the system in terms of query response time and maintenance cost while satisfying some storage space constraint.
Electron-beam technology for open/short testing of multi-chip substrates (1990)

We discuss the need for noncontact electrical testing of high-performance multi-chip substrates and describe an electron-beam tester developed for this application. We describe the operational principles of the tester and compare and contrast its performance with that of mechanical probe testers. Finally, we discuss the motivations and technical issues involved in extending the electron-beam test method to future high-performance packages.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 4,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐5(1H)‐cinnolinones. (1986)

Abstract While reactions of (II) with the hydrazines (III) and (IV) afford the title compounds (Ia) and (Ib), the reaction of (IIc) with the hydrazine (VI) yields the indoles (VII).
Fused Heterocycles: Synthesis of Some New Imidazopyridines as Anti-Mycobacterial Agents (2007)

The reaction of semicarbazones bearing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring system with mercaptoacetic acid was investigated. The anti-mycobacterial activity of the compounds thus obtained were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, using rifampin as the standard. Only IVe showed activity at 6.25 m g mL-1.
Thioether–Polyglycidol as Multivalent and Multifunctional Coating System for Gold Nanoparticles (2018)

Thiofunctional polymers are the established standard for the coating and biofunctionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). However, the nucleophilic and oxidative character of thiols provokes polymeric crosslinking and significantly limits the chemical possibilities to introduce biological functions. Thioethers represent a chemically more stable potential alternative to thiols that would offer easier functionalization, yet a few studies in the literature report inconclusive data regarding the efficacy of thioethers to stabilize AuNPs in comparison to thiols. A systematic comparison is presented of mono- versus multivalent thiol- and thioether-functional polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) versus side chain functional poly(glycidol) (PG) and it is shown that coating of AuNPs with multivalent thioether-functional PG leads to superior colloidal stability, even under physiological conditions and after freeze-drying and resuspension, as compared to thiol analogs at comparable polymer surface coverages. In addition, it is shown that a wide range of functional groups can be introduced in these polymers. Using diazirine functionalization as example, it is demonstrated that proteins can be covalently immobilized, and that conjugation of antibodies via this strategy enables efficient targeting and laser-irradiation induced killing of cells.
UWB microwave imaging of heterogeneous breast phantoms (2012)

UWB microwave imaging has potential for early-stage screening diagnostics of breast cancer. We present an experimental measurement setup for breast phantom trials based on M-sequence radar technology and active small dipole antennas as pre-stage for real in vivo measurements in a prone examination position. We describe current development steps as well as first experiences concerning the imaging of heterogeneous breast phantoms.
On the use of normalized LPC error towards better large vocabulary speech recognition systems (2002)

Linear prediction (LP) analysis is widely used in speech recognition for representing the short time spectral envelope information of speech. The predictive residues are usually ignored in LP analysis based speech recognition system. In this study, the normalized residual error based on LP is introduced and the performance of the recognizer has been further improved by the addition of this new feature along with its first and second order derivative parameters. The convergence property of the training procedure based on the minimum classification error (MCE) approach is investigated, and experimental results on the city name recognition task demonstrated a 8% string error rate reduction by using the extended feature set as compared to conventional feature set.
Ladder Climbing on the Anharmonic Intermolecular Potential in an Amino Acid Microcrystal via an Intense Monocycle Terahertz Pulse (2010)

We experimentally demonstrated 20 ladder climbing steps on the anharmonic intermolecular potential in the amino-acid microcrystals with an intense monocycle terahertz pulse. Absorption spectra show the suppression of the peak and enhancement of the low-frequency absorption for the incident electric field amplitude. These results are reproduced by simulations based on coherent transition processes between quantum levels in the anharmonic potential. The appearance of such nonlinearity allows us to control macroscopic motion via a phase-controlled terahertz pulse.
Liveness Detection in Biometrics (2011)

The biometric systems, oriented in this chapter especially on fingerprints, have been introduced in the previous chapters. The functionality of such systems is influenced not only by the used technology, but also by the surrounding environment (including skin or other diseases). Biased or damaged biometric samples could be rejected after revealing their poor quality, or may be enhanced, what leads to the situation that samples, which would be normally rejected, are accepted after the enhancement process. But this process could present also a risk, because the poor quality of a sample could be caused not only by the sensor technology or the environment, but also by using an artificial biometric attribute (imitation of a finger(print)). Such risk is not limited just to the deceptional technique, but if we are not able to recognize whether an acquired biometric sample originates from a genuine living user or an impostor, we would then scan an artificial fake and try to enhance its quality using an enhancement algorithm. After a successful completion of such enhancement, such fake fingerprint would be compared with a template and if a match is found, the user is accepted, notwithstanding the fact that he can be an impostor! Therefore the need of careful liveness detection, i.e. the recognition whether an acquired biometric sample comes from a genuine living user or not, is crucial.
Scene stitching with event-driven sensors on a robot head platform (2015)

This paper describes a robot head platform which holds a pair of event-based Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) retinas and microphones connected to an event-based binaural AEREAR2 VLSI cochlea system. The platform has 6 degrees of freedom (DOF): 2 for the neck, and 2 for each of the DVS retinas. Two applications using this platform are described: the first is image stitching of a scene larger than the field of view of the individual retinas as the head pans and tilts and the second is selective image painting of the local visual scene around spatially displaced sound sources. This platform allows for the investigation of event-driven sensory-action models that use the information from multiple event-based sensor modalities in real-time scenarios.
DNA Alkylating Therapy Induces Tumor Regression through an HMGB1-Mediated Activation of Innate Immunity (2011)

Dysregulation of apoptosis is associated with the development of human cancer and resistance to anticancer therapy. We have previously shown in tumor xenografts that DNA alkylating agents induce sporadic cell necrosis and regression of apoptosis-deficient tumors. Sporadic tumor cell necrosis is associated with extracellular release of cellular content such as the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and subsequent recruitment of innate immune cells into the tumor tissue. It remained unclear whether HMGB1 and the activation of innate immunity played a role in tumor response to chemotherapy. In this study, we show that whereas DNA alkylating therapy leads to a complete tumor regression in an athymic mouse tumor xenograft model, it fails to do so in tumors deficient in HMGB1. The HMGB1-deficient tumors have an impaired ability to recruit innate immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells into the treated tumor tissue. Cytokine array analysis reveals that whereas DNA alkylating treatment leads to suppression of protumor cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, loss of HMGB1 leads to elevated levels of these cytokines upon treatment. Suppression of innate immunity and HMGB1 using depleting Abs leads to a failure in tumor regression. Taken together, these results indicate that HMGB1 plays an essential role in activation of innate immunity and tumor clearance in response to DNA alkylating agents.
A simulation of plastic deformation of silicon during thermal oxidation (2002)

Plastic deformation of silicon during thermal oxidation has been simulated using the finite element method. The von Mises yield criterion is assumed for the plastic deformation of silicon. In order to solve a pure elasto-plastic problem, an elasto-visco-plastic algorithm is used with stationary conditions. As an application example, local oxidation of silicon has been simulated, and the result demonstrates that plastic deformation is initiated at the edge of the nitride mask, and expands into substrate silicon as oxidation proceeds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of arsenic and phosphorus diffusion behavior in silicon–germanium alloys (2002)

The diffusion behavior of ion-implanted arsenic and phosphorus in relaxed Si0.8Ge0.2 has been investigated. Under equilibrium, extrinsic conditions, both dopants are observed to diffuse faster in SiGe than in Si. Simulations of the measured profiles suggest that the ratio of the effective diffusivity in Si0.8Ge0.2 compared to that in Si is roughly seven for arsenic, and roughly two for phosphorus. Under transient diffusion conditions, the arsenic diffusivity in SiGe is retarded, and the magnitude of the diffusion is roughly the same as that in Si. This result suggests that it is possible to optimize the diffusion conditions to achieve n+ source/drain junctions that are as shallow in SiGe as in Si.
Active Stabilization of Centrifugal Compressor Surge (1990)

Active suppression of centrifugal compressor surge has been demonstrated on a centrifugal compressor equipped with a servo-actuated plenum exit throttle controller. The control scheme is fundamentally different from conventional surge control techniques in that it addresses directly the dynamic behavior of the compression system to displace the surge line to lower mass flows. The method used is to feed back perturbations in plenum pressure rise, in real time, to a fast acting control valve. The increased aerodynamic damping of incipient oscillations due to the resulting valve motion allows stable operation past the normal surge line. For the compressor used, a 25% reduction in the surge point mass flow was achieved, over a range of speeds and pressure ratios. Time-resolved measurements during controlled operation revealed that the throttle required relatively little power to suppress the surge oscillations, because the disturbances are attacked in their initial stages. Although designed for operation with small disturbances, the controller was also able to eliminate existing, large amplitude, surge oscillations. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions showed that a lumped parameter model appeared adequate to represent the behavior of the compression system with the throttle controller and, perhaps more importantly, to be used in the design of more sophisticated control strategies.
Metamagnetism (1977)

Abstract This is a review of the physical properties of metamagnets. These are antiferromagnets which, upon the application of a magnetic field, can undergo first-order magnetic phase transitions to a state with a relatively large magnetic moment. The treatments of mean field theory describing these materials are reviewed, as are the treatments of more modern theories. The experimental properties of the known metamagnets are discussed, with emphasis on the variety of means by which the metamagnetic transitions have been observed and studied. For some materials, there have been studies of the tricritical behaviour, and a discussion of the experimental results of these studies is given, along with a comparison of the results with the present theory. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office, Durham under grant DA AROD 3112472G169, and by the National Science Foundation under grants DMR 73-02405 and DMR 76-23102. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office, Durham under grant DA AROD 3112472G169, and by the National Science Foundation under grants DMR 73-02405 and DMR 76-23102. Notes This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office, Durham under grant DA AROD 3112472G169, and by the National Science Foundation under grants DMR 73-02405 and DMR 76-23102.
Wireless investor - The false allure of equity indexed annuities (2006)

The purpose of this column is to explain the undesirable features of annuities in general and of equity indexed annuities in particular. The types of annuities, a contract between a purchaser and an insurance company, are discussed.
Surfactant controlled growth of GaInP by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (2000)

The effect of the surfactant Sb has been studied for GaInP semiconductor alloys grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Dramatic changes in the optical and electrical properties of GaInP with CuPt ordering have been observed. A small concentration of triethylantimony (TESb) in the vapor is found to cause Sb to accumulate at the surface. In situ surface photoabsorption analysis indicates that Sb changes the surface bonding by replacing the [1̄10] P dimers that are responsible for the formation of the CuPt structure during growth with [1̄10] Sb dimers. As a result, the degree of order for the GaInP layers is decreased, as shown by transmission electron diffraction studies. The 20 K photoluminescence spectra show a 131 meV peak energy increase for GaInP layers grown on vicinal substrates when a small amount of Sb [Sb/P(v)=4×10−4] is added to the system during growth. The use of surfactants to control specific properties of materials is expected to be a powerful tool for producing complex structures. In this article, the growth of heterostructures by modulating the Sb concentration in the vapor is demonstrated.
Blood Pressure in Acute and Chronic Vasopressin Excess (1981)

We studied 29 patients with malignant hypertension and 28 patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion to assess the relation of plasma vasopressin to blood pressure in states of acute and chronic vasopressin excess. In the patients with malignant hypertension, vasopressin levels were elevated (13±2 pg per milliliter [±S.E.M.]) but did not correlate with arterial pressure; however, in normal volunteers, blood pressure did not rise when vasopressin was increased beyond these levels through infusion of the peptide. In the patients with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, blood pressure was not elevated, but vasopressin was raised (39±7 pg per milliliter) and did not correlate with systolic or diastolic pressure. These data do not support the concept that an acute or chronic excess of vasopressin makes an important contribution to the regulation of blood pressure. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:1067–70.)s
Noise type evaluation in positron emission tomography images (2016)

In Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the coincident emission of gamma photon pairs constitutes the useful signals that should be detected and processed to reconstruct the desired PET images of the studied objects. However, along with the useful signal, noise is also generated and added to the detected signals that are sorted with respect to their line-ofresponse and arranged as a sinogram for each two-dimensional slice. In this paper, the type and properties of noise in PET sinogram data will be evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of the used linear and non-linear image denoising and reconstruction procedures on the type of noise will be analyzed. For this purpose, the Gaussian filter, the Median filter, the Patch Confidence k-Nearest Neighbor filter (PCkNN) and the Block Matching 3D filter (BM3D) were used to denoise PET image data, as well as the maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm (MLEM) and the Filtered Back Projection algorithm (FBP) to reconstruct the PET images.