gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of arachidonic acid production by <i>Mortierella alpina</i> 1S‐4 (1998)

Abstract The effect of mineral addition on arachidonic acid (AA) production by Mortierella alpina 1S‐4 was evaluated. At first, the addition of minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium was examined in flask cultures, and then the addition of phosphorus with the optimal amounts of the minerals was investigated in a 10‐L jar‐fermenter. As a result, 1.5% soy flour medium with the addition of 0.3% KH 2 PO 4 , 0.1% Na 2 SO 4 , 0.05% CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, and 0.05% MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O was found to enhance the AA yield 1.7‐fold over that without mineral addition. When 1% yeast extract with the above mineral mixture was used, the AA yield was enhanced 1.35‐fold over that without minerals. We also verified that an increase in the polar lipid content occurred in the case of only KH 2 PO 4 addition, and that the above‐mentioned increase in the AA yield was due to the minerals themselves, not a pH buffer effect.
Accumulation of lipid-soluble ions and of rubidium as indicators of the electrical potential in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. (1975)

We have studied the accumulation of dibenzyldimethyl-ammonium ion (DDA+) by respiring membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli, as an index of the generation of an electrical gradient during respiration. Nonrespiring vesicles accumulated DDA+ when K+ efflux was induced by valinomycin or monactin. By various criteria this was shown to be the exchange of one cation for another, independent of metabolism and coupled entirely by electrical forces. Uptake of DDA+ by respiring vesicles was inhibited by ionophores that translocate electrical charge and by reagents that block the respiratory chain. Oxamate and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited accumulation of DDA+ but did not dissipate a preformed pool; the reason appears to be that these reagents are less inhibitory to transport after lactate oxidation has begun than they are in resting vesicles. Uptake does not appear to involve a biological carrier, but requires trace amounts of a lipid-soluble anion such as tetraphenylboron, which has a catalytic role in DDA+ translocation. Respiring K+ vesicles accumulated substantially less DDA+ than did Na+ vesicles. Na+ was expelled from the vesicles concurrently with DDA+ uptake, whereas Rb+ and K+ were not. Thus, DDA+ uptake, whereas Rb+ and K+ were not. Thus, DDA+ uptake may be limited in the latter case by the availability of anionic groups. This explanation was supported by the finding that the addition of nigericin doubled the capacity of K+ vesicles to take up DDA+, presumably by providing a route for K+ to exit in exchange for H+. Parallel experiments on the valinomycin-dependent accumulation of Rb+ by respiring vesicles indicate that this process is analogous to the uptake of DDA+. Ionophores that elicit electrogenic K+ movement also induced respiration-linked transport. Proton-conducting ionophores and several inhibitors of respiration block Rb+ uptake and dissipated a preformed gradient. Preincubation of the vesicles with oxamate or p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited Rb+ uptake, but their addition to respiring vesicles again did not cause efflux. Rb+ and DDA+ complete for uptake when present simultaneously. We conclude that the accumulation of both DDA+ and Rb+ occurs in response to an electrical gradient, vesicle interior negative, produced by respiration.
Polymer composite/nanocomposite processing and its effect on the electrical properties (2006)

One of the biggest challenges when considering polymer nanocomposites for electrical insulation applications lies in determining their electrical properties accurately, which in turn depend on several factors, primary being dispersion of particles in the polymer matrix. With this background, this paper reports an experimental study to understand the effects of different processing techniques on the dispersion of filler particles in the polymer matrix and their related effect on the dielectric properties of the composites. Polymer composite and nanocomposite samples for the study were prepared by mixing 10% by weight of commercially available TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> particles of two different sizes in epoxy using different processing methods. A considerable effect of the composite processing method could be seen in the dielectric properties of nanocomposites
Prosthokeratoplasty (1983)

Following the description of positive factors in the long-term retention of corneal prosthesis, a brief analysis is made of the most frequent causes of implant extrusion. The purpose of this paper is to describe the prosthesis used in 12 cases. The implant is similar to that used in previous studies, with a slight modification consisting of an anterior flange. The operative technique has also been modified by the incorporation of a layer of Dacron mesh sutured immediately over the prosthesis, up to the insertion of the recti muscles. Periosteum or fascia lata is applied over the mesh. No extrusions have been observed in a 2− to 5-year period of follow-up.
Some aspects on the physical chemistry of kraft lignins in aqueous solutions : Theoretical considerations and practical implications. (2000)

Some aspects on the physical chemistry of kraft lignins in aqueous solutions : Theoretical considerations and practical implications.
Characterization of Chinese hamster ovary cells with impaired spreading properties on fibronectin (1990)

The development of receptor-defective or -deficient mutants can be applied to the investigation of cell-matrix interactions including cell adherence and spreading. In the present study we developed a series of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS)-induced Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants, which adhere to fibronectin but have impaired spreading characteristics. Using morphometric analysis, a significant suppression in the degree of cell spreading between the wild-type and the mutant cells (P less than 0.001) was seen. This inability of the mutant cells to spread adequately on fibronectin also resulted in a decreased number and diameter of stress fibers as compared to wild-type cells. The decreased cell spreading of the mutant cells was not due to inherent differences in cell size or volume, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Since integrins, specifically the fibronectin receptor (alpha FN/beta 1), are important in cell adhesion and cell spreading, we carried out a comparative immunochemical analysis, using a monoclonal antibody to the beta 1 subunit of integrin (7E2). Western blot analysis of cell extracts and cell membranes indicated that both wild-type and mutant cells expressed the alpha and beta 1 subunits of the fibronectin receptor; the mutant cells displayed reduced levels of the subunit. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that, despite the presence of the receptor in both cell types, their patterns of localization and aggregation were different. The wild-type cells showed a needle-like distribution of the receptor, in contrast to the clumped appearance in the mutants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purification and Properties of Cytosolic Copper, Zinc Superoxide Dismutase from Watermelon (<i>Citrullus vulgaris</i>Schrad.) Cotyledons (1997)

Cytosolic copperzinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD I; EC 1.15.1.1) was purified to homogeneity from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) cotyledons. The stepwise purification procedure consisted of acetone precipitation, batch anion-exchange chromatography, anion-exchange Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography, gel-filtration column chromatography, and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. CuZn-SOD I was purified 310-fold with a yield of 12.6 micrograms enzyme per gram cotyledons, and had a specific activity of 3,450 units per milligram protein. The relative molecular mass for cytosolic CuZn-SOD was 34000, and it was composed by two equal subunits of 16.3 kDa. CuZn-SOD I did not contain neutral carbohydrates in its molecule, and its ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra showed two absorption maxima at 254 nm and 580 nm. Metal analysis showed that the enzyme contained 1 gram-atom Cu and 1 gram-atom Zn per mole dimer. Cytosolic CuZn-SOD was recognized by the antibody against peroxisomal CuZn-SOD from watermelon cotyledons, and its enzymatic activity was inhibited by this antibody. By IEF (pH 4.2-4.9), using a new method for vertical slab gels set up in our laboratory, purified cytosolic CuZn-SOD was resolved into two equal isoforms with isoelectric point of 4.63 and 4.66.
Candidate genes for sensitivity and resistance of human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines to erlotinib (2009)

Based on an analysis of gene expressions in cell lines with sensitive, somewhat responsive, and resistant phenotypes, the authors propose candidate genes for GBM response to erlotinib. The 10 gene candidates for conferring GBM resistance to erlotinib may represent therapeutic targets for enhancing the efficacy of erlotinib against GBMs. Five additional genes warrant further investigation into their role as putative cotargets of erlotinib.
A tutorial on protocols (1978)

Protocols are common tools for controlling information transfer between computer systems. The concept of a protocol, which grew out of experimental computer networking, is now fundamental to syatem design. In this paper, basic protocol functions are explained and discussed. Then, the concept of a distributed system architecture is presented. It provides the framework for layers and protocols to operate across heterotgeneous systems. The purpose and functions of each protocol layer such as, transmission, transport, virtual terminal, are described. Interactions between design and performance are discussed, and typical mechanisms are reviewed. CCITT and ISO relevant standards are summarized. Finally, the similarity between protocols and programming languages is emphasized as it points to the major impact brought about by protocols in system design.
Isolation of Muscle-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells Based on Adhesion Characteristics to Collagen-Coated Surfaces (2013)

Our lab developed and optimized a method, known as the modified pre-plate technique, to isolate stem/progenitor cells from skeletal muscle. This method separates different populations of myogenic cells based on their propensity to adhere to a collagen I-coated surface. Based on their surface markers and stem-like properties, including self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and ability to promote tissue regeneration, the last cell fraction or slowest to adhere to the collagen-coated surface (pre-plate 6; pp6) appears to be early, quiescent progenitor cells termed muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs). The cell fractions preceding pp6 (pp1-5) are likely populations of more committed (differentiated) cells, including fibroblast- and myoblast-like cells. This technique may be used to isolate MDSPCs from skeletal muscle of humans or mice regardless of age, sex or disease state, although the yield of MDSPCs varies with age and health. MDSPCs can be used for regeneration of a variety of tissues including bone, articular cartilage, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and nerve. MDSPCs are currently being tested in clinical trials for treatment of urinary incontinence and myocardial infarction. MDSPCs from young mice have also been demonstrated to extend life span and healthspan in mouse models of accelerated aging through an apparent paracrine/endocrine mechanism. Here we detail methods for isolation and characterization of MDSPCs.
Structural Basis of Differential Neutralization of DENV-1 Genotypes by an Antibody that Recognizes a Cryptic Epitope (2012)

We previously developed a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Dengue virus (DENV)-1, of which few exhibited inhibitory activity against all DENV-1 genotypes. This finding is consistent with reports observing variable neutralization of different DENV strains and genotypes using serum from individuals that experienced natural infection or immunization. Herein, we describe the crystal structures of DENV1-E111 bound to a novel CC' loop epitope on domain III (DIII) of the E protein from two different DENV-1 genotypes. Docking of our structure onto the available cryo-electron microscopy models of DENV virions revealed that the DENV1-E111 epitope was inaccessible, suggesting that this antibody recognizes an uncharacterized virus conformation. While the affinity of binding between DENV1-E111 and DIII varied by genotype, we observed limited correlation with inhibitory activity. Instead, our results support the conclusion that potent neutralization depends on genotype-dependent exposure of the CC' loop epitope. These findings establish new structural complexity of the DENV virion, which may be relevant for the choice of DENV strain for induction or analysis of neutralizing antibodies in the context of vaccine development.
Ability of large doses of an alpha-2 plasma protein fraction to inhibit antibody production. (1963)

The effect of a bovine α(2) glycoprotein fraction on antibody production in rabbits is described. It can produce inhibition of antibody production in a large percentage of animals. It would appear to act in the inductive phase of antibody synthesis. It does not affect an established antibody level and is totally ineffective if given after antibody production has begun.
Effects of latency and quantization noise on digital discrete-time non-Foster circuits (2016)

Digital discrete-time implementations of non-Foster circuit elements offer an alternative approach to the design of devices such as negative capacitors and negative inductors. However, practical implementations of high-speed digital non-Foster circuits are affected by latency and noise, where latency can arise from analog-to-digital conversion time and computation time. Thus, the present work explores the impact of latency and quantization noise on digital non-Foster circuits. Simulation results for a digital negative capacitor show useful performance can be obtained, even with latencies as large as one conversion clock cycle. In addition, quantization noise effects in digital non-Foster circuits are considered.
Studies on selective adsorption resins. XXI. Preparation and properties of macroreticular chelating ion exchange resins containing phosphoric acid groups (1985)

Abstract Macroreticular cation exchange resins containing phosphoric acid groups (RGP) were prepared by the reaction of glycidyl methacrylate–divinylbenzene copolymer [or poly(glycidyl methacrylate)]beads (RG) with phosphoric acid or phosphorous oxychloride, and the adsorption behavior of metal ions on the RGP was investigated. The phosphorylation of the polymer beads could be effectively carried out by treatment of the polymer beads with 85% phosphoric acid at 80°C for 3 h. The RGP obtained from glycidyl methacrylate–divinylbenzene (2 mol %) copolymer beads showed high cation exchange capacity, salt splitting capacity, and adsorption capacity for Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Ag + . On the other hand, the RGP obtained from poly(glycidyl methacrylate)beads had high adsorption capacity for Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , and UO 2 2+ . The RGP prepared by treating the RG with phosphoric acid had a higher selective adsorption for Li + than for Na + .
Towards Full-System Energy-Accuracy Tradeoffs (2017)

The intrinsic error resilience exhibited by emerging application domains enables a new dimension for energy optimization of computing systems, namely the introduction of a controlled amount of approximations during system operation in exchange for substantial energy savings. Prior work in the area of approximate computing has focused on individual subsystems of a computing system, e.g., the computational subsystem or the memory subsystem. Since they focus only on individual subsystems, these techniques are unable to exploit the large energy-saving opportunities that stem from adopting a full-system perspective and approximating multiple subsystems of a computing platform simultaneously in a coordinated manner. This paper proposes a systematic methodology to perform joint approximations across different subsystems, leading to significant energy benefits compared to approximating individual subsystems in isolation. We use the example of a smart camera system that executes various computer vision and image processing applications to illustrate how the sensing, memory, and processing subsystems can all be approximated synergistically. We have implemented such an approximate smart camera system using an Altera Stratix IV GX FPGA development board, a Terasic TRDB-D5M 5 Megapixel camera module, and a 1GB DDR3 SODIMM module. Experimental results obtained using six application benchmarks demonstrate significant energy savings (around 7.5X on average) for minimal (< 1%) loss in application quality. Compared to approximating a single subsystem, the proposed full-system approximation methodology achieves additional energy benefits of 3.5X - 5.5X on average for minimal (< 1%) quality loss.
Effect of branched‐chain amino acid supplementation on the exercise‐induced change in aromatic amino acid concentration in human muscle (1992)

A mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) was supplied to subjects during two types of sustained intense exercise, a 30 km cross-country race and a full marathon, and the effect on plasma and muscle concentrations of aromatic and BCAAs was studied. When BCAAs (7.5-12 g) were taken during exercise, the plasma and muscle (vastus lateralis) concentration of these amino acids increased, while in the placebo groups the concentration of BCAAs decreased in the plasma and remained unchanged in the muscle. In the placebo group, both types of exercise caused a 20-40% increase in the muscle concentration of the aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and phenylalanine, and the plasma concentration of these amino acids was increased after the marathon. Since tyrosine and phenylalanine are neither taken up nor metabolized by skeletal muscle, the increases in their concentrations in muscle might indicate net protein degradation during exercise. However, when the subjects were supplied with BCAAs during exercise, the increases in tyrosine and phenylalanine concentrations in both muscle and plasma were prevented. These results suggest that an intake of BCAAs during exercise can prevent or decrease the net rate of protein degradation caused by heavy exercise.
Risk variants for atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25 associate with ischemic stroke (2008)

We discovered that variants previously shown to associate with atrial fibrillation (AF), rs2200733 and rs10033464, significantly associated with IS, with the strongest risk for CES. The association with noncardiogenic stroke is intriguing and suggests that atrial fibrillation may be underdiagnosed in patients presenting with stroke. This discovery may have implications for workup and treatment of IS.
Contemporary and long-run correlations: A covariance component model and studies on the S&P 500 cash and futures markets (1999)

In this article, a multivariate component model for conditional asset return covariance is developed as an extension to the univariate volatility component model of Engle & Lee (1999). The conditional covariance now is decomposed into a long-run (trend) component and a short-run (transitory) component. Through the decomposition, relationships like the long-run correlation and volatility copersistence can be studied solely upon examining the long-run trend of the conditional covariance. The decomposition also has important implications in studying portfolio hedging problems such as the multi-period minimum-variance hedging for long-term portfolio management. The empirical study in this article focuses on estimating the covariance component structure between the S&P 500 cash and futures markets and their contemporary and long-run correlation relationship and the volatility copersistence relationship. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 877–894, 1999
Sensor deployment optimization for detecting maneuvering targets (2005)

Sensor deployment is a fundamental issue in sensor networks. Studies on the deployment problem are concentrated deploying sensors to cover assigned areas or set of points efficiently. In this paper, we discuss the sensor deployment problem in the context of target tracking. Firstly, we propose a sensor deployment optimization strategy based on target involved virtual force algorithm (TIVFA). The TIVFA algorithm can dynamically adjust sensor networks configuration according to terrains, intelligence and those detected maneuvering targets in order to improve coverage and detection probability. Secondly, we present an improved sensor-ranking algorithm as well as a sensor protecting strategy with targets importance sequence in consideration. The TIVFA algorithm, together with the sensor protecting strategy, can produce an efficient and robust sensor network. Experiment results sufficiently demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Integrated microwave transistor amplifiers (1976)

In the last decade, microwave semiconductor devices have advanced from the fundamental study of their physical phenomenon to become an accepted building block in microwave systems. Simultaneous developments in circuit technology and techniques for design and measurement have permitted the new devices to be fully exploited; for instance, solid-state amplifiers can now be used to replace travelling-wave tubes in many low-noise and medium-power applications
Blood sugar control in the intensive care unit: time to relook (2014)

The choice of blood sugar control technique in the intensive care unit (ICU) has long been debated. Intensive insulin therapy to achieve normoglycaemia has been shown to reduce mortality, morbidity and the length of ICU stay, but at the same time, it frequent glucose monitoring is required, as well as an adjustment to the insulin dose. There is also an increase in the medical personnel workload. However, despite its clinical benefits, intensive blood sugar control is not favoured by the intensivist because of the risk of hypoglycaemia. This article provides the reader with an interesting thought. Can intensive blood sugar control be implemented in the ICU, while avoiding hypoglycaemia, and without an increase in hospital costs, and thus change existing blood sugar control protocols in the ICU? Is this possible with the use of continuous glucose monitoring devices which have recently emerged as a tool to be used to maintain proper glucose levels? If further developed, continuous glucose monitoring technology could ultimately prove to be clinically useful in the ICU. However, further research is warranted to confirm its benefits in connection with the implementation of tight glucose control policies in the ICU.
Semiconductor snail lasers (2010)

A modified ring laser geometry is presented to promote stable unidirectional lasing. The effects of directional coupling and facet reflectivities are investigated with respect to quantum efficiency, directionality, and side-mode suppression ratio of the lasing spectra. Simulation and experimental results are presented showing single mode (&gt;20 dB side-mode suppression ratio), unidirectional lasing on an InP based multiple quantum well material.
Use of Metabolic Markers To Identify Overweight Individuals Who Are Insulin Resistant (2003)

Three relatively simple metabolic markers can help identify overweight individuals who are sufficiently insulin resistant to be at increased risk for various adverse outcomes. In the absence of a standardized insulin assay, we suggest that the most practical approach to identify overweight individuals who are insulin resistant is to use the cut-points for either triglyceride concentration or the triglyceride-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration ratio.