gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Diethyl Oxalate with Some ortho-Substituted Anilines<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Diethyl Oxalate with Some ortho-Substituted Anilines1E. CAMPAIGNE and J. E. VAN VERTHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 9, 1344–1346Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01103a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01103a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and reactions of derivatives of 6-imino-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-ols (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of derivatives of 6-imino-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-olsMark A. Stahl, Bernadine F. Kenesky, Robertus P. M. Berbee, Matthew Richards, and Harold W. HeineCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 7, 1197–1202Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01295a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01295a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A graphical user interface for editing formal specification objects (2002)

Extensive tool support is critical for increasing the usefulness and industrial acceptance of formal software engineering methods. In previous work, we have developed a technique for executing formal interface specifications of C++ classes, and a graphical user interface for this technique. In this work, we describe an extension to that interface that allows specification objects to be edited in an intuitive way, and which graphically displays complex relationships (including aliasing) among specification objects.
Highly Selective Gold-Catalyzed Arene Synthesis (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHighly Selective Gold-Catalyzed Arene SynthesisA. Stephen K. Hashmi, Tanja M. Frost, and J. W. BatsView Author Information Institut für Organische Chemie Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 46, 11553–11554Publication Date (Web):November 3, 2000Publication History Received3 September 2000Published online3 November 2000Published inissue 22 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005570dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005570drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8594Altmetric-Citations753LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Gold,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Oxygen Get e-Alerts
Incremental global reoptimization of programs (1992)

Although optimizing compilers have been quite successful in producing excellent code, two factors that limit their usefulness are the accompanying long compilation times and the lack of good symbolic debuggers for optimized code. One approach to attaining faster recompilations is to reduce the redundant analysis that is performed for optimization in response to edits, and in particulars, small maintenance changes, without affecting the quality of the generated code. Although modular programming with separate compilation aids in eliminating unnecessary recompilation and reoptimization, recent studies have discovered that more efficient code can be generated by collapsing a modular program through procedure inlining. To avoid having to reoptimize the resultant large procedures, this paper presents techniques for incrementally incorporating changes into globally optimized code. An algorithm is given for determining which optimizations are no longer safe after a program change, and for discovering which new optimizations can be performed in order to maintain a high level of optimization. An intermediate representation is incrementally updated to reflect the current optimizations in the program. Analysis is performed in response to changes rather than in preparation for possible changes, so analysis is not wasted if an edit has no far-reaching effects. The techniques developed in this paper have also been exploited to improve on the current techniques for symbolic debugging of optimized code.
A Portable Chemical Protective Clothing Test Method: Application at a Chemical Plant (1987)

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), in cooperation with Monsanto Chemical Company, conducted an on-site evaluation of chemical protective clothing at Monsanto's Nitro, West Virginia plant. The Monsanto plant manufactures additives for the rubber industry including antioxidants, pre-vulcanization inhibitors, accelerators, etc. This survey evaluated six raw materials that have a potential for skin absorption: aniline, cyclohexylamine, diisopropylamine, tertiary butylamine, morpholine and carbon disulfide. Five generic glove materials were tested against these chemicals: nitrile, neoprene, polyvinylchloride, natural latex and natural rubber. The NIOSH chemical permeation portable test system was used to generate breakthrough time data. The results were compared to permeation data reported in the literature that were obtained by using the ASTM F739-85 test method. The test data demonstrated that aniline has too low a vapor pressure for reliable analysis on the portable direct reading detectors used. The chemical permeation test system, however, provided comparable, reliable permeation data for the other tested chemicals. Monsanto has used this data to better select chemical protection clothing for its intended use.
Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history (2010)

Abstract The ϵ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene is associated with increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with ϵ4 frequencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothesize that this trend resulted from natural selection protecting against low‐cholesterol levels. In high‐latitude cold environments and low‐latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevated, which could require higher cholesterol levels. To explore this hypothesis, we compiled APOE allele frequencies, latitude, temperature, and elevation from populations around the world. ϵ4 allele frequencies show a curvilinear relationship with absolute latitude, with lowest frequencies found in the mid‐latitudes where temperatures generally require less expenditure on cooling/thermogenesis. Controlling for population structure in a subset of populations did not appreciably change this pattern of association, consistent with selection pressures that vary by latitude shaping ϵ4 allele frequencies. Temperature records also predict APOE frequency in a curvilinear fashion, with lowest ϵ4 frequencies at moderate temperatures. The model fit between historical temperatures and ϵ4 is less than between latitude and ϵ4, but strengthened after correcting for estimated temperature differences during the Paleolithic. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that elevation did not improve predictive power, and an integrated measure of the cholesterol effect of multiple APOE alleles was less related to latitude than was ϵ4 alone. Our results lend mixed support for a link between past temperature and human APOE allele distribution and point to the need to develop better models of past climate in future analyses. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:13–20, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variational quantum algorithms for discovering Hamiltonian spectra (2019)

Calculating the energy spectrum of a quantum system is an important task, for example to analyze reaction rates in drug discovery and catalysis. There has been significant progress in developing algorithms to calculate the ground state energy of molecules on near-term quantum computers. However, calculating excited state energies has attracted comparatively less attention, and it is currently unclear what the optimal method is. We introduce a low depth, variational quantum algorithm to sequentially calculate the excited states of general Hamiltonians. Incorporating a recently proposed technique [O. Higgott, D. Wang, and S. Brierley, arXiv:1805.08138], we employ the low depth swap test to energetically penalize the ground state, and transform excited states into ground states of modified Hamiltonians. We use variational imaginary time evolution as a subroutine, which deterministically propagates toward the target eigenstate. We discuss how symmetry measurements can mitigate errors in the swap test step. We numerically test our algorithm on Hamiltonians which encode 3SAT optimization problems of up to 18 qubits, and the electronic structure of the lithium hydride molecule. As our algorithm uses only low depth circuits and variational algorithms, it is suitable for use on near-term quantum hardware.
Synthesis of new azide: 1,3,5,-tris[(azidomethyl) dinitromethyl]benzene (1998)

Abstract 1,3,5-Tris[(azidomethyl)dinitromethyl] benzene has been synthesized from tripotassium salt of 1,3,5-tris(dinitromethyl)benzene in three steps. It's structure has been established with the help of elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, and Mass spectroscopies. Thermal decomposition of the title compound has been studied by DTA, and some other properties are also reported.
Studies on the nutrition of <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> Fres. and <i>A. robusta</i> Dudd: The saprophytic phase (1966)

SUMMARY Growth requirements of two predaceous hyphomycetes in the absence of eelworm prey were determined in specified culture media, in an investigation of the interrelationship of eelworm and fungi. Both fungi were able to utilize a wide range of energy sources and gave the highest yields of mycelium when the carbon sources supplied had the same configuration as glucose around carbon atoms, 3, 4, 5 and 6, or were oligosaccharides yielding glucose on hydrolysis. The species differed in their ability to utilize nitrogen sources, A. robusta producing very little growth when nitrate was the sole source of nitrogen, and comparatively little on aspartate nitrogen. Both responded to thiamin, biotin and p ‐aminobenzoic acid, but neither species showed absolute dependence on an external source of vitamin.
Identification de cellules souches cancéreuses: les leçons de la biologie du développement (2014)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Thyroid hormone stimulates Na-K-ATPase activity and its plasma membrane insertion in rat alveolar epithelial cells (2003)

Na-K-ATPase protein is critical for maintaining cellular ion gradients and volume and for transepithelial ion transport in kidney and lung. Thyroid hormone, 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T 3 ), given for 2 days to adult rats, increases alveolar fluid resorption by 65%, but the mechanism is undefined. We tested the hypothesis that T 3 stimulates Na-K-ATPase in adult rat alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), including primary rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells, and determined mechanisms of the T 3 effect on the Na-KATPase enzyme using two adult rat AEC cell lines (MP48 and RLE-6TN). T 3 at 10 - 8 and 10 - 5 M increased significantly hydrolytic activity of Na-K-ATPase in primary ATII cells and both AEC cell lines. The increased activity was dose dependent in the cell lines (10 - 9 -10 - 4 M) and was detected within 30 min and peaked at 6 h. Maximal increases in Na-K-ATPase activity were twofold in MP48 and RLE-6TN cells at pharmacological T 3 of 10 - 5 and 10 - 4 M, respectively, but increases were statistically significant at physiological T 3 as low as 10 - 9 M. This effect was T 3 specific, because reverse T 3 (3,3′,5′-triiodo-l-thyronine) at 10 - 9 -10 - 4 M had no effect. The T 3 -induced increase in Na-K-ATPase hydrolytic activity was not blocked by actinomycin D. No significant change in mRNA and total cell protein levels of Na-K-ATPase were detected with 10 - 9 -10 - 5 M T 3 at 6 h. However, T 3 increased cell surface expression of Na-K-ATPase α 1 - or β 1 -subunit proteins by 1.7- and 2-fold, respectively, and increases in Na-K-ATPase activity and cell surface expression were abolished by brefeldin A. These data indicate that T 3 specifically stimulates Na-K-ATPase activity in adult rat AEC. The upregulation involves translocation of Na-K-ATPase to plasma membrane, not increased gene transcription. These results suggest a novel nontranscriptional mechanism for regulation of Na-K-ATPase by thyroid hormone.
Effect of element directivity on adaptive beamforming applied to high-frame-rate ultrasound (2015)

High-frame-rate ultrasound is a promising technique for measurement and imaging of cardiovascular dynamics. In high-frame-rate ultrasonic imaging, unfocused ultrasonic beams are used in transmit and multiple focused receiving beams are created by parallel beamforming using the delay and sum (DAS) method. However, the spatial resolution and contrast are degraded compared with conventional beamforming using focused transmit beams. In the present study, the minimum variance beamformer was examined for improvement of the spatial resolution in high-frame-rate ultrasound. In conventional minimum variance beamforming, the spatial covariance matrix of ultrasonic echo signals received by individual transducer elements is obtained without considering the directivity of the transducer element. By omitting the element directivity, the error in estimation of the desired signal (i.e., the echo from the focal point) increases, and as a result, the improvement of the spatial resolution is degraded. In the present study, the element directivity was taken into account in estimation of the spatial covariance matrix used in minimum variance beamforming. The effect of the element directivity on adaptive beamforming was evaluated by computer simulation and basic experiments using a phantom. In parallel beamforming with the conventional DAS beamformer, the lateral spatial resolution, which was evaluated from the lateral full width at half maximum of the echo amplitude profile in the basic experiment, was 0.50 mm. Using conventional amplitude and phase estimation (APES) beamforming, the lateral spatial resolution was improved to 0.37 mm. The lateral spatial resolution was further improved to 0.30 mm using the modified APES beamforming by considering the element directivity. Image contrast and contrast-to-noise ratios, respectively, were -12.3 and 6.5 dB (DAS), -32.8 and -11.3 dB (APES), and -7.0 and 3.1 dB (modified APES).
Magnetic susceptibilities of trivalent lanthanide ions in an octahedral environment (1974)

Magnetic susceptibilities for eight lanthanide ions in Cs2NaLnCl6 were measured from 2.5 to [inverted lazy s] 80°K with a vibrating sample magnetometer. Computer fitting of the data for Cs2NaCeCl6 gave g = 1.43 for the Γ7 ground level, and f2 = 3.85 for the Γ8 excited level. These values are in good agreement with values calculated from first-order wavefunctions. The ground crystal field level for Nd3+ in Cs2NaNdCl6 was found to be a Γ8 level. Because of singlet ground levels and small crystal field splitting, no positive information on the ground crystal field levels was obtained for Pr3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, or Tm3+ compounds. Based on Nd3+ and Ce3+ results, the ratio A40&lt;r4&gt;/A60&lt;r6&gt; was estimated to be about 20; A40&lt;r4&gt;, of the order of 10 cm−1; and A60&lt;r6&gt;, of the order of 1 cm−1.
[Advances on genetics and biological characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis]. (2009)

This review focused on the research progress in genetic features of Oncomelania hupensis, including its relation to the snail distribution, susceptibility to Schistosoma japonicum. Series studies were done on genetic characteristics for snail distribution and its infectivity with S. japonicum by using population genetics and molecular biology approaches to explore the new avenue to block the transmission of schistosomiasis. However, limited progress has been achieved in this field inside in China comparing with global achievements. It is therefore recommended that future studies have to be focused on genetic features related to schistosome infections by referencing the study model of Biomphalaria glabrata/S. mansoni, and with assistance of modern technology on bionics, in order to improve investigations on genetics of Oncomelania hupensis in the country.
An Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Five-Component Acellular Pertussis, Diphtheria, and Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine (DTaP) When Combined With a<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Type b-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine (PRP-T) in Taiwanese Infants (1999)

The five-component DTaP vaccine may be combined with PRP-T vaccine without clinically significant immunologic interaction when given in a 2-, 4-, 6-, and 18-month schedule.
Impacts of excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and epidermal growth factor receptor on the outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer (2008)

Using laser-captured microdissection and a real-time RT-PCR assay, we quantitatively evaluated mRNA levels of the following biomarkers in paraffin-embedded gastric cancer (GC) specimens obtained by surgical resection or biopsy: excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and five other biomarkers related to anticancer drug sensitivity. The study group comprised 140 patients who received first-line chemotherapy for advanced GC. All cancer specimens were obtained before chemotherapy. In patients who received first-line S-1 monotherapy (69 patients), low MTHFR expression correlated with a higher response rate (low: 44.9% vs high: 6.3%; P=0.006). In patients given first-line cisplatin-based regimens (combined with S-1 or irinotecan) (43 patients), low ERCC1 correlated with a higher response rate (low: 55.6% vs high: 18.8%; P=0.008). Multivariate survival analysis of all patients demonstrated that high ERCC1 (hazard ratio (HR): 2.38 (95% CI: 1.55-3.67)), high DPD (HR: 2.04 (1.37-3.02)), low EGFR (HR: 0.34 (0.20-0.56)), and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level (HR: 1.00 (1.001-1.002)) were significant predictors of poor survival. Our results suggest that these biomarkers are useful predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with advanced GC.
Validity Of Age Determination From Scales, And Growth Of Marked Lake Michigan Lake Trout. (1959)

PhD
A Modified Dual Active Bridge Converter With Hybrid Phase-Shift Control for Wide Input Voltage Range (2015)

By inserting a small inductor between the transformer center tap and the midpoint of two split output capacitors in the dual active bridge (DAB) topology, this paper proposes a modified DAB converter for wide-input applications. A hybrid phase-shift (HPS) control scheme is proposed to allow all power switches to achieve practical ZVS over the full operating range; thereby, significantly minimizing the switching losses and alleviating electromagnetic interference. Moreover, the proposed control scheme does not significantly increase the conduction losses in comparison with the extended phase-shift (EPS) control. Therefore, the modified DAB can operate efficiently. The topology derivation and description are first presented. Then, the EPS and triple phase-shift (TPS) modulations are applied, and the corresponding operating principles and characteristics, including the soft-switching, power transfer, and root-mean-square current, are investigated in detail. To achieve practical ZVS operation of all switches over full operating range, while minimizing the conduction losses, the EPS and TPS are combined, and an HPS control scheme is proposed. Finally, experimental results from a 1.4-kW converter prototype with 200-400-V input and 400-V output are presented to verify the feasibility and advantages of the converter and control.
Dielectric functions of Si nanoparticles within a silicon nitride matrix (2009)

Abstract We report on the study of the influence of ammonia flow on physical properties of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECV)‐grown silicon nanoparticles (np‐Si) within a silicon nitride matrix. To achieve this goal, we have used spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to determine the np‐Si dielectric functions (DFs). On the one hand, the DF have been modeled using single parametric oscillators given by Tauc‐Lorentz and Forouhi‐Bloomer dispersion models. On the other hand, wavelength‐by‐wavelength numerical inversion, carried out without considering any fitting parameter, have represented another way to derive the DFs of the np‐Si. Besides a comparison has been done between results given by Bruggeman Effective Medium Approximation (BEMA) and Maxwell‐Garnett law. The results have shown that SE can be used to find out the band gap and mean size of np‐Si according to quantum confinement theory. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)