gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CMOS 8-Bit High-Speed A/D Converter IC (1985)

A novel high-speed low-power CMOS balanced comparator circuit is proposed and implemented in an 8M fully parallel analog-to-digital (A/D) converter IC. A 20-MHz sampling rate with 350-mW power dissipation from a single 5-V power supply has been realized. Integral linearity of /spl plusmn/ 1/2 LSB to 8-bit conversion has been achieved through intensive transistor dimension optimization applied to the comparator circuit, instead of employing an offset canceling technique.
Electronic Commerce on the Internet. (1994)

Abstract : We are on the verge of a new era in electronic commerce, where companies transact business spontaneously over the Internet. In restructuring its procurement processes, The Federal Government has a unique opportunity to exploit this electronic marketplace, and to influence its development in ways that benefit us all. This report describes a vision of the electronic marketplace, the requirements it must satisfy, an architecture for addressing those requirements, and a graceful migration path to the marketplace from current EDI technology and practice. It identifies five key concepts for government electronic commerce, and concludes by recommending that the government act to shape the electronic marketplace for the benefit of all by (1) including Internet gateways to VANs; and (2) encouraging pilot projects in procurement over the Internet.
How to infer gene networks from expression profiles (2007)

Inferring, or 'reverse-engineering', gene networks can be defined as the process of identifying gene interactions from experimental data through computational analysis. Gene expression data from microarrays are typically used for this purpose. Here we compared different reverse-engineering algorithms for which ready-to-use software was available and that had been tested on experimental data sets. We show that reverse-engineering algorithms are indeed able to correctly infer regulatory interactions among genes, at least when one performs perturbation experiments complying with the algorithm requirements. These algorithms are superior to classic clustering algorithms for the purpose of finding regulatory interactions among genes, and, although further improvements are needed, have reached a discreet performance for being practically useful.
Efficient and Selective Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Reduction of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan using Water as the Hydrogen Source (2016)

Reductive biomass conversion has been conventionally conducted using H2 gas under high-temperature and -pressure conditions. In this study, efficient electrochemical reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a key intermediate for biomass conversion, to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), an important monomer for industrial processes, was demonstrated using Ag catalytic electrodes. This process uses water as the hydrogen source under ambient conditions and eliminates the need to generate and consume H2 for hydrogenation, providing a practical and efficient route for BHMF production. By systematic investigation of HMF reduction on the Ag electrode surface, BHMF production was achieved with the Faradaic efficiency and selectivity nearing 100%, and plausible reduction mechanisms were also elucidated. Furthermore, construction of a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) composed of an n-type BiVO4 semiconductor anode, which uses photogenerated holes for water oxidation, and a catalytic Ag cathode, which uses photoexcited electrons from BiVO4 for the reduction of HMF to BHMF, was demonstrated to utilize solar energy to significantly decrease the external voltage necessary for HMF reduction. This shows the possibility of coupling electrochemical HMF reduction and solar energy conversion, which can provide more efficient and environmentally benign routes for reductive biomass conversion.
Use of Nanocarriers for Transdermal Vaccine Delivery (2007)

Transdermal delivery is a safe, noninvasive method of administering vaccines directly onto bare skin, offering several potential advantages over traditional needle delivery. This technology is limited by the relative inefficiency of transport of large-molecular-weight vaccine antigens across intact skin. Recent evidence has shown that this barrier can be overcome by properly structured nanosized particles (nanocarriers). The specialized assembly of each type of nanocarrier gives each unique properties and different interactions within the stratum corneum. The use of nanocarriers for vaccine delivery is a platform technology, applicable to delivery of a variety of existing and potential vaccines.
Role of tyrosine kinase on Ca2+ entry and refilling of agonist-sensitive Ca2+ stores in vascular smooth muscles. (1996)

Recent evidence suggests that some Ca2+ channels are regulated by a tyrosine kinase pathway. The possibility that Ca2+ entry is regulated by tyrosine kinase was investigated in canine vascular muscles. Functional studies were carried out in the dog mesenteric arteries and saphenous veins. Nicardipine-insensitive refilling of phenylephrine-sensitive Ca2+ stores of endothelium-denuded dog mesenteric artery, previously depleted of Ca2+, measured after a 30-min exposure of the arterial rings to Ca2+ in the absence and presence of genistein (10-100 microM), tyrphostin 23 (10-100 microM), tyrphostin 47 (10-100 microM), SK&F 96365 (3-30 microM), or vehicle, DMSO, as phenylephrine contraction in Ca(2+)-free medium, decreased with increasing concentrations of the inhibitors compared with DMSO-treated and control. Phenylephrine contraction in Ca(2+)-free medium was not affected in a consistent manner by tyrosine kinase inhibitors when added after the store refilling period, in Ca(2+)-free medium, 5 min prior to stimulation with phenylephrine, indicating that the inhibitors have no effect on the Ca2+ release mechanism or that they act directly on myofilaments. Cyclopiazonic acid (30 microM), an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, caused transient contractions in the dog saphenous vein only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. These transient contractions were inhibited by tyrphostin 23 (30-100 microM), tyrphostin 47 (30-100 microM), genistein (30-100 microM), and SK&F 96365 (50-100 microM) but not by the vehicle DMSO. The results from this study provided evidence that a tyrosine kinase pathway is involved in the regulation of Ca2+ entry since inhibitors of tyrosine kinase are able to attenuate presumed Ca2+ entry following agonist-mediated Ca2+ store depletion. This route of Ca2+ entry is also sensitive to blockade by SK&F 96365.
NIR Fiber-Optic Method with Multivariate Calibration Analysis for Determination of Inorganic Compounds in Aqueous Solutions (2000)

Near-infrared spectra of aqueous solutions were collected by using evanescent-field fiber-optic sensors. The spectra of two- and four-electrolyte solutions were analyzed with a partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm to quantify the measurements. Our results indicate that the electrolytes can be identified and simultaneously determined by using the PLS calibration model. Electrolytes in opaque aqueous mixtures were also studied, and the results are compared with results from clear aqueous solutions.
Involvement of Girdin in the Determination of Cell Polarity during Cell Migration (2012)

Cell migration is a critical cellular process that determines embryonic development and the progression of human diseases. Therefore, cell- or context-specific mechanisms by which multiple promigratory proteins differentially regulate cell migration must be analyzed in detail. Girdin (girders of actin filaments) (also termed GIV, Gα-interacting vesicle associated protein) is an actin-binding protein that regulates migration of various cells such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neuroblasts, and cancer cells. Here we show that Girdin regulates the establishment of cell polarity, the deregulation of which may result in the disruption of directional cell migration. We found that Girdin interacts with Par-3, a scaffolding protein that is a component of the Par protein complex that has an established role in determining cell polarity. RNA interference-mediated depletion of Girdin leads to impaired polarization of fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells in a way similar to that observed in Par-3-depleted cells. Accordingly, the expression of Par-3 mutants unable to interact with Girdin abrogates cell polarization in fibroblasts. Further biochemical analysis suggests that Girdin is present in the Par protein complex that includes Par-3, Par-6, and atypical protein kinase C. Considering previous reports showing the role of Girdin in the directional migration of neuroblasts, network formation of endothelial cells, and cancer invasion, these data may provide a specific mechanism by which Girdin regulates cell movement in biological contexts that require directional cell movement.
Intelligent antenna solutions for UMTS: algorithms and simulation results (2004)

This article outlines the development of intelligent antenna (IA) solutions for UMTS, a third-generation W-CDMA system. Since the selection of an antenna configuration paired with realizable uplink/downlink algorithms that can satisfy all operating environments is a broad task, this article focus is on cost-effective antenna arrays for macrocells. Algorithms that exploit the antenna configurations and act at both the physical and MAC layers are highlighted and supported by simulation results. Two solutions stand out for UMTS: a universal beamforming algorithm that unifies user-specific and fixed beamforming under one framework, and multibeam scheduling (MBS) that significantly increases downlink packet data throughput using the concept of code reuse in conjunction with beamforming. The article summarizes the critical issues that were faced in the development of an IA solution capable of delivering the theoretically promised benefits to end users.
Quarantining Untrusted Entities: Dynamic Sandboxing Using LEAP (2007)

Jails, Sandboxes and other isolation mechanisms limit the damage from untrusted programs by reducing a process's privileges to the minimum. Sandboxing is designed to thwart such threats as (1) a program created by an attacker or (2) an input crafted to exploit a security vulnerability in a program. Examples of the later include input containing interpreted code or machine language to be injected via a buffer overflow. Traditionally, sandboxes are created by an invoking process. This is effective for (1) but only partially so for (2). For example, when a file is downloaded by a browser or processed as a mail attachment, the invoking process can sandbox it. However, sandboxing protections can be circumvented when the file is copied outside the sandbox. The problem is that traditional sandboxes do not provide complete mediation. We introduce dynamic sandboxes, and show how even when data is saved and/or copied, sandboxing protections are not lost. In addition, and in contrast to traditional sandbox implementations, dynamic sandboxes are implemented using general purpose access controls. Not only does this provide a more flexible sandbox mechanism, and enable complete mediation, but these same primitives can be used to build other (non-sandbox) authorization policies.
Elements of the Theory of Extreme Values (1960)

The theory of extreme values finds many applications in modern technology. This paper is an attempt to unfold the basic elements of the theory. Frequent examples are given to illustrate both derivations and application.
Automatic Prediction of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events Using Heart Rate Variability Analysis (2015)

Combination of Heart Rate Variability measures, analyzed with data-mining algorithm, could be a reliable tool for identifying hypertensive patients at high risk to develop future vascular events.
Nuclear Import Strategies of High Risk HPV16 L1 Major Capsid Protein (2002)

During the late phase of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the L1 major capsid proteins enter the nuclei of host epithelial cells and, together with the L2 minor capsid proteins, assemble the replicated viral DNA into virions. We investigated the nuclear import of the L1 major capsid protein of high risk HPV16. When digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells were incubated with HPV16 L1 capsomeres, the L1 protein was imported into the nucleus in a receptor-mediated manner. HPV16 L1 capsomeres formed complexes with Kap alpha2beta1 heterodimers via interaction with Kap alpha2. Accordingly, nuclear import of HPV16 L1 capsomeres was mediated by Kap alpha2beta1 heterodimers, required RanGDP and free GTP, and was independent of GTP hydrolysis. Remarkably, HPV16 L1 capsomeres also interacted with Kap beta2 and binding of RanGTP to Kap beta2 did not dissociate the HPV16 L1.Kap beta2 complex. Significantly, HPV16 L1 capsomeres inhibited the nuclear import of Kap beta2 and of a Kap beta2-specific M9-containing cargo. These data suggest that, during the productive stage of infection, while the HPV16 L1 major capsid protein enters the nucleus via the Kap alpha2beta1-mediated pathway to assemble the virions, it also inhibits the Kap beta2-mediated nuclear import of host hnRNP A1 protein and, in this way, favors virion formation.
Double-resonance stimulated Raman scattering in micrometer-sized droplets (1990)

Programmed size ramping of an aerosol stream permits a Q-switched mode-locked 532-nm laser to satisfy periodically the input resonance condition of various low-order (l = 2 to l = 4) TE and TM morphology-dependent resonances in 23.0–23.7-μm-diameter ethanol droplets. The resulting size-versus-amplitude spectra of stimulated Raman scattered light revealed high-Q modes that are not normally observed in elastic scattering. Simultaneous elastic scattering measurements permit unambiguous identification of these input resonances. The relative output intensities of stimulated Raman scattering and time histories imply that the Q of the l = 2 modes is degraded to a value of 107 by the departure of the droplet from an ideal homogeneous sphere.
[Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of glycoprotein D gene of herpes simplex virus 2 strain Sav and wild strain isolated]. (1997)

There are high homology of HSV-2 gD gene among the wild strain G and Sav strains, but some variations existed.
Tailoring native compilation of Java for real-time systems (2006)

Our everyday appliances ranging from toys to vehicles, as well as the equipment used to manufacture them, contain an increasing number of embedded computers. Embedded systems software often implement functionality that is crucial for the operation of the device, resulting in a variety of timing requirements and resource utilization constraints to be fulfilled. Industrial competition and the ever increasing performance/cost ratio for embedded computers lead to an almost exponential growth of the software complexity, raising an increasing need for better programming languages and run-time platforms than is used today. Java was chosen as an example of a safe, object-oriented programming language that could benefit embedded systems development. Defined key concepts, such as portability, scalability, and real-time performance, need to be fulfilled for Java to be a viable programming language for hard real-time systems. In order to fulfill these key concepts, natively compiling Java using a revised memory management technique is proposed. We have implemented a compiler and run-time system for Java, using and evaluating new object-oriented compiler construction research tools, which enables a new way of implementing optimizations and other code transformations as a set of transforms on an abstract syntax tree. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of natively compiled real-time Java, which handles hard real-time requirements. A new transparent garbage collector interface makes it possible to generate, or write, C code independently of garbage collector algorithm. Experiments show that we achieve good results on real-time performance. Given our contributions and results we do see compiled real-time Java, or a similar language such as C#, as industrially viable. We also propose a technique for multi-level deployment of embedded applications, by taking advantage of the fact that Java source code has a well defined meaning. The same compiler construction techniques and tools used for implementing our Java compiler also appears to be suitable on a higher abstraction level. This is exemplified with with a prototype of a compiler-compiler on the ontology level.
Foreword: Pursuing Equal Justice in the West (2004)

of Law hosted a conference on "Pursuing Equal Justice in the West," inspired by the fiftieth anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education (1)1 and the fortieth anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.We were privileged to have outstanding scholars in both history and law deliver wonderful papers and participate in two days' conversations about racial, ethnic, and gender justice in the West.The conference also included an oral history panel comprised of some of the courageous fighters for civil rights in Nevada during the 1950s through the 1970s. 2Many of the papers presented appear in this Symposium issue of the Nevada Law Journal; all of them cast new and illuminating perspectives on issues arising from the rich and complex history of the struggle for equal justice in the western United States.The traditional stories of the struggle for racial justice in the United States have tended to omit the history and present day realities of the West, instead having focused on North/South and urban/rural issues.With its legacy of conquest 3 and settlement, of constant motion and migration, immigration from
Validation of accuracy of SVM-based fall detection system using real-world fall and non-fall datasets (2017)

Falls are a major cause of injuries and deaths in older adults. Even when no injury occurs, about half of all older adults who fall are unable to get up without assistance. The extended period of lying on the floor often leads to medical complications, including muscle damage, dehydration, anxiety and fear of falling. Wearable sensor systems incorporating accelerometers and/or gyroscopes are designed to prevent long lies by automatically detecting and alerting care providers to the occurrence of a fall. Research groups have reported up to 100% accuracy in detecting falls in experimental settings. However, there is a lack of studies examining accuracy in the real-world setting. In this study, we examined the accuracy of a fall detection system based on real-world fall and non-fall data sets. Five young adults and 19 older adults went about their daily activities while wearing tri-axial accelerometers. Older adults experienced 10 unanticipated falls during the data collection. Approximately 400 hours of activities of daily living were recorded. We employed a machine learning algorithm, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, to identify falls and non-fall events. We found that our system was able to detect 8 out of the 10 falls in older adults using signals from a single accelerometer (waist or sternum). Furthermore, our system did not report any false alarm during approximately 28.5 hours of recorded data from young adults. However, with older adults, the false positive rate among individuals ranged from 0 to 0.3 false alarms per hour. While our system showed higher fall detection and substantially lower false positive rate than the existing fall detection systems, there is a need for continuous efforts to collect real-world data within the target population to perform fall validation studies for fall detection systems on bigger real-world fall and non-fall datasets.
Seattle (2009)

Cloud computing is rapidly increasing in popularity. Companies such as RedHat, Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and IBM are increasingly funding cloud computing infrastructure and research, making it important for students to gain the necessary skills to work with cloud-based resources. This paper presents a free, educational research platform called Seattle that is community-driven, a common denominator for diverse platform types, and is broadly deployed. Seattle is community-driven -- universities donate available compute resources on multi-user machines to the platform. These donations can come from systems with a wide variety of operating systems and architectures, removing the need for a dedicated infrastructure. Seattle is also surprisingly flexible and supports a variety of pedagogical uses because as a platform it represents a common denominator for cloud computing, grid computing, peer-to-peer networking, distributed systems, and networking. Seattle programs are portable. Students' code can run across different operating systems and architectures without change, while the Seattle programming language is expressive enough for experimentation at a fine-grained level. Our current deployment of Seattle consists of about one thousand computers that are distributed around the world. We invite the computer science education community to employ Seattle in their courses.
Permeability of silicone polymers to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide (1989)

Abstract Permeability coefficients, P̄, for NH 3 AND H 2 S in 11 different types of silicone membranes were measured in the temperature range from 10.0 to 55.0°C and at pressures up to 115 psig (∼ 7.8 atm). The values of P̄ for NH 3 and H 2 S in different silicone polymers decrease considerably as the bulkiness of the functional groups in the side and backbone chains of these polymers increases. the substitution of SiO bonds with stifer SiC bonds in the backbone chains also results in a considerable decrease in gas permeability. the values of P̄ for NH 3 and H 2 S increse exponentially with incresing δ p , the pressure difference across the membrancs. The temperature dependence of NH 3 and H 2 S varies greatly: P̄ can increase, decrease, or pass through a minimum with increasing temperature, depending on the nature of the silicone polymer. The temperature dependence of P̄ is also affected in some cases by Δ p . The permeability behavior of silicone polymers to NH 3 and H 2 S is compared with that to other penetrant gases, and the factors which might affect this behavior are discussed.
Echo suppressors for long telephone circuits (1925)

A device has been developed by the Bell System for suppressing “echo” effects which may be encountered under certain conditions in telephone circuits which are electrically very long. This device has been given the name “echo suppressor” and consists of relays in combination with vacuum tubes, which are operated by the voice currents so as to block the echoes without disturbing the main transmission. This paper gives a brief description of this device, together with a discussion of its possibilities and limitations. A number of echo suppressors have been operated on commercial telephone circuits for a considerable period so that their practicability has been demonstrated.
Information filtering (1992)

article Free AccessInformation filtering Authors: Shoshana Loeb View Profile , Douglas Terry View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 35Issue 12Dec. 1992 pp 26–28https://doi.org/10.1145/138859.138860Published:01 December 1992Publication History 51citation1,051DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations51Total Downloads1,051Last 12 Months48Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF