gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method of multi-VM automatic network configuration (2009)

In multi-VM (virtual machine) environment, the virtual machine network management plays an important role. Traditional multi-VM management systems are accustomed to using the DHCP mechanism. However, with the development of virtual network technology, DHCP is not suitable for constructing the stable and transparent virtual network environment. In this paper, we propose a method of multi-VM automatic network configuration, which focuses on multi-VM to initialize and configure the virtual network and provides a unified network management for physical and virtual machine system. We introduce concise communication model and protocol into the system to form a unified set of management mechanisms devoting to construct and simplify virtual machine environment. Through the performance comparison with XenServer, the multi-VM automatic network configuration system could improve the communication efficiency by 8–17% in average during the period of network initialization, and it stabilizes the whole network during the period of changing network configuration.
Physiological Parameters for Oral Delivery and<i>in Vitro</i>Testing (2010)

Pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms must undergo dissolution in the intestinal fluids of the gastrointestinal tract before they can be absorbed and reach the systemic circulation. Therefore, dissolution is a critical part of the drug-delivery process. The rate and extent of drug dissolution and absorption depend on the characteristics of the active ingredient as well as properties of the dosage form. Just as importantly, characteristics of the physiological environment such as buffer species, pH, bile salts, gastric emptying rate, intestinal motility, and hydrodynamics can significantly impact dissolution and absorption. While significant progress has been made since 1970 when the first compendial dissolution test was introduced (USP apparatus 1), current dissolution testing does not take full advantage of the extensive physiologic information that is available. For quality control purposes, where the question is one of lot-to-lot consistency in performance, using nonphysiologic test conditions that match drug and dosage form properties with practical dissolution media and apparatus may be appropriate. However, where in vitro-in vivo correlations are desired, it is logical to consider and utilize knowledge of the in vivo condition. This publication critically reviews the literature that is relevant to oral human drug delivery. Physiologically relevant information must serve as a basis for the design of dissolution test methods and systems that are more representative of the human condition. As in vitro methods advance in their physiological relevance, better in vitro-in vivo correlations will be possible. This will, in turn, lead to in vitro systems that can be utilized to more effectively design dosage forms that have improved and more consistent oral bioperformance.
Flexible TDMA access optical networks enabled by burst-mode software defined coherent transponders (2013)

We propose a concept of flexible PON and show with experiments and network dimensioning how burst-mode, software-defined coherent transponders can more than double the average capacity per user in TDMA access networks.
Using Quantitative Redox Proteomics to Dissect the Yeast Redoxome (2011)

To understand and eventually predict the effects of changing redox conditions and oxidant levels on the physiology of an organism, it is essential to gain knowledge about its redoxome: the proteins whose activities are controlled by the oxidation status of their cysteine thiols. Here, we applied the quantitative redox proteomic method OxICAT to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and determined the in vivo thiol oxidation status of almost 300 different yeast proteins distributed among various cellular compartments. We found that a substantial number of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins are partially oxidized during exponential growth. Our results suggest that prevailing redox conditions constantly control central cellular pathways by fine-tuning oxidation status and hence activity of these proteins. Treatment with sublethal H(2)O(2) concentrations caused a subset of 41 proteins to undergo substantial thiol modifications, thereby affecting a variety of different cellular pathways, many of which are directly or indirectly involved in increasing oxidative stress resistance. Classification of the identified protein thiols according to their steady-state oxidation levels and sensitivity to peroxide treatment revealed that redox sensitivity of protein thiols does not predict peroxide sensitivity. Our studies provide experimental evidence that the ability of protein thiols to react to changing peroxide levels is likely governed by both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, making predicting thiol modifications challenging and de novo identification of peroxide sensitive protein thiols indispensable.
An Analysis of the Performance of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant (1983)

A computer program has been developed to analyze the thermodynamic performance of a cogeneration plant. Results of parametric studies using this program include partial load operation, inlet air cooling, and supercharging. Fuel chargeable to power, a previously used figure-of-merit, is used to evaluate the performance for partial-load operation. Fuel chargeable to incremental power and differential steam efficiency are two new figures-of-merit for evaluating other design alternatives: the former for incremental increases in electric power output, the latter for incremental increases in steam output at the expense of electrical power output.
Conformational changes in proteins probed by hydrogen‐exchange electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry (1991)

Hydrogen-exchange electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry is demonstrated to be an effective new method for probing conformational changes of proteins in solutions. The method is based on the mass spectrometric measurement of the extent of hydrogen/deuterium exchange that occurs in different protein conformers over defined periods of time. Results are presented in which hydrogen-exchange electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry is used to probe conformational changes in bovine ubiquitin induced by the addition of methanol to aqueous acidic solutions of the protein.
Reliability and comparability of the accelerometer as a measure of muscular power (1999)

These results suggest that although minor data acquisition errors were present, accelerometers can provide a reliable and versatile means to assess muscle power.
The role of crystallinity and morphology in the preparation of ultra‐highly oriented polyethylene (1978)

Abstract The influence of the degree of crystallinity and morphology on the drawing behavior of linear polyethylene (LPE) has been investigated on three polymers with molecular weights ranging from 67,000 to over 300,000. Samples of similar crystallinity, but different morphology, were obtained by subjecting the polymers to two distinct preparations: slow cooling from the melt in one case and rapid quenching followed by annealing at 120°C in the other. The resulting isotropic products, characterized by optical microscopy and density measurements were drawn at constant speed and the deformation process monitored by recording the draw ratio/draw time relationship and the stress/strain curves. The results indicate that crystallinity per se does not have a primary effect in determining the rate of local deformation except in the case of polymers of very low weight average molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. A dominant role seems to be played by the broad features of the sample morphology as detected by optical microscopy. A comprehensive explanation of these results is based on the concept of a network structure whose nature is affected by the annealing treatment to an extent which depends on the degree of coupling between adjacent crystalline regions in the isotropic undrawn polymer.
Casimir Effect and Geometric Optics (2004)

We propose a new approach to the Casimir effect based on classical ray optics. We define and compute the contribution of classical optical paths to the Casimir force between rigid bodies. We reproduce the standard result for parallel plates and agree over a wide range of parameters with a recent numerical treatment of the sphere and plate with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Our approach improves upon the proximity force approximation. It can be generalized easily to other geometries, other boundary conditions, to the computation of Casimir energy densities, and to many other situations.
Score-Based Generative Modeling with Critically-Damped Langevin Diffusion (2021)

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have demonstrated remarkable synthesis quality. SGMs rely on a diffusion process that gradually perturbs the data towards a tractable distribution, while the generative model learns to denoise. The complexity of this denoising task is, apart from the data distribution itself, uniquely determined by the diffusion process. We argue that current SGMs employ overly simplistic diffusions, leading to unnecessarily complex denoising processes, which limit generative modeling performance. Based on connections to statistical mechanics, we propose a novel critically-damped Langevin diffusion (CLD) and show that CLD-based SGMs achieve superior performance. CLD can be interpreted as running a joint diffusion in an extended space, where the auxiliary variables can be considered "velocities" that are coupled to the data variables as in Hamiltonian dynamics. We derive a novel score matching objective for CLD and show that the model only needs to learn the score function of the conditional distribution of the velocity given data, an easier task than learning scores of the data directly. We also derive a new sampling scheme for efficient synthesis from CLD-based diffusion models. We find that CLD outperforms previous SGMs in synthesis quality for similar network architectures and sampling compute budgets. We show that our novel sampler for CLD significantly outperforms solvers such as Euler--Maruyama. Our framework provides new insights into score-based denoising diffusion models and can be readily used for high-resolution image synthesis. Project page and code: https://nv-tlabs.github.io/CLD-SGM.
Leukocytes and platelets of patients with cancer contain high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. (1999)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted endothelial cell-specific mitogen and permeability factor. Malignant human tumors have been shown to produce VEGF. Elevated levels of VEGF have been detected in sera of cancer patients, but its origin is unsettled. We analyzed VEGF concentrations in serum, plasma, whole blood, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and platelets in 56 cancer patients and 52 healthy controls using ELISA. The VEGF concentrations in the lysed whole blood samples [blood VEGF (B-VEGF)] were higher in cancer patients than in healthy controls (median, 464 versus 298 pg/ml; P<0.0001). The highest B-VEGF values were found in disseminated cancer. In cancer patients, a high B-VEGF concentration was associated with a high peripheral blood leukocyte count (P = 0.0012) and platelet count (P = 0.019). In healthy individuals, a high B-VEGF was associated with a high leukocyte count (P = 0.0001) but not with the platelet count (P>0.1). The cancer patients regularly had higher B-VEGF concentrations than healthy individuals with comparable leukocyte or platelet counts. The VEGF content of isolated PBMNCs and platelets was severalfold higher in cancer patients than in healthy controls (median, 10.6 versus 0.9 pg per 10(6) PBMNCs, and median, 1.6 versus 0.5 pg per 10(6) platelets; P<0.0001 and P = 0.0008, respectively). Serum VEGF and B-VEGF correlated strongly (P<0.0001). Very little or no VEGF was found in the plasma. The results indicate that VEGF in the bloodstream is transported by blood cells, including leukocytes and platelets. The blood cells of cancer patients contain greatly elevated amounts of this major angiogenic growth factor, and this reservoir of VEGF may have a role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis formation. VEGF in serum samples originates from blood cells, and the use of VEGF of whole blood or of isolated blood cells may improve the clinical value of VEGF measurements.
TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE (1976)

Journal Article TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE Get access L. BRENT, Ph.D., L. BRENT, Ph.D. St Mary's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. G. BROOKS, M.A. Ph.D., C. G. BROOKS, M.A. Ph.D. Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. B. MEDAWAR, C.H. F.R.S, P. B. MEDAWAR, C.H. F.R.S Clinical Research CentreHarrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ELIZABETH SIMPSON SIMPSON, M.A. Vet.M.B. M.R.C.V.S. ELIZABETH SIMPSON SIMPSON, M.A. Vet.M.B. M.R.C.V.S. Clinical Research CentreHarrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 32, Issue 2, May 1976, Pages 101–106, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071339 Published: 01 May 1976
Let's talk! Socially intelligent agents for language conversation training (2001)

This paper promotes socially intelligent animated agents for the pedagogical task of English conversation training for native speakers of Japanese. As a novel feature, social role awareness is introduced to animated conversational agents, that are by non-strong affective reasoners, but otherwise often lack the social competence observed in humans. In particular, humans may easily adjust their behavior depending on their respective role in a social setting, whereas their synthetic pendants tend to be driven mostly by emotions and personality. Our main contribution is the incorporation of a "social filter program" to mental models of animated agents. This program may qualify an agent's expression of its emotional state by the social contest, thereby enhancing the agent's believability as a conversational partner. Our implemented system is web-based and demonstrates socially aware animated agents in a virtual coffee shop environment. An experiment with our conversation system shows that users consider socially aware agents as more natural than agents that violate conventional practices.
Intratumoral But Not Systemic Delivery of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Augments the Efficacy of Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Against B Cell Lymphoma (2009)

The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Rituxan) has become a mainstay in the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The mechanisms of action for rituximab include antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction. Combination of anti-CD20 antibodies with immunostimulatory agents may improve their efficacy via enhancement of one or more of these mechanisms. Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides administered systemically have been studied in clinical trials with and without rituximab. However, recent data suggest that intratumoral (IT) delivery of CpG has advantages in the treatment of tumors. Using a syngeneic murine B cell lymphoma line expressing human CD20, we found that IT, but not systemically administered CpG significantly improved the efficacy of rituximab against 7-day established tumors. Rituximab plus IT CpG could eradicate tumors from 42% of mice, whereas systemically administered CpG, with or without rituximab, did not achieve tumor eradication. Both natural killer cells and complement participated in the cure of tumors by rituximab plus IT CpG, apparently by increasing tumor cell sensitivity to complement and ADCC lysis, and by augmenting the cytotoxicity of ADCC effectors. No role for T cells in mediating tumor eradication was demonstrated in this model. These results suggest that previous clinical trials in B cell lymphoma combining systemic administration of CpG with rituximab may have employed suboptimal routes of CpG delivery. Future trials combining IT CpG with anti-CD20 antibodies or the antibody-mediated targeting of CpG directly to the sites of B cell lymphoma may thus be warranted.
Exciton–Plasmon Coupling Enhancement <i>via</i> Metal Oxidation (2015)

In this paper, we report on the effect of metal oxidation on strong coupling interactions between silver nanostructures and a J-aggregated cyanine dye. We show that metal oxidation can sensibly affect the plexcitonic system, inducing a change in the coupling strength. In particular, we demonstrate that the presence of oxide prevents the appearance of Rabi splitting in the extinction spectra for thick spacers. In contrast, below a threshold percentage, the oxide layer results in an higher coupling strength between the plasmon and the Frenkel exciton. Contrary to common belief, a thin oxide layer seems thus to act, under certain conditions, as a coupling mediator between an emitter and a localized surface plasmon excited in a metallic nanostructure. This suggests that metal oxidation can be exploited as a means to enhance light-matter interactions in strong coupling applications.
Compatible coding of digital interlaced HDTV (1993)

A compatible coding scheme for interlaced HDTV (high-definition television) is proposed. This scheme provides a standard definition signal and a second channel containing the additional information required to reach the HD resolution. The global scheme is of the pyramidal type: the standard TV is obtained by downsampling the HDTV signal by means of a field-based operation. The standard TV signal is coded, decoded, and upsampled. It is used as a prediction of the HD signal and the prediction error is coded in a second channel. In both branches, motion-compensated hybrid DCT coding is used. In addition, the DCT is taken within the frame.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The biologic significance of micrometastatic disease and sentinel lymph node technology on colorectal cancer (2007)

The sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique has practical applications in multiple solid tumors including colorectal carcinoma. Identifying the SLN(s) provides better staging of the regional lymphatics beyond standard H&E analysis. This additional information assists in predicting biology and may be useful in guiding adjuvant therapy. We postulate the era of sentinel node has ushered in a new generation of node-negative patients; patients that have an exceptionally favorable outcome when compared to historic controls.
Very-Low-Temperature Silicon Epitaxy by Plasma-CVD Using SiH<sub>4</sub>-PH<sub>3</sub>-H<sub>2</sub> Reactants for Bipolar Devices (1988)

A novel plasma-CVD process has been developed for growing specular silicon epitaxial layers at very low temperatures of approximately 200°C. The epitaxial layers were deposited from SiH 4 -PH 3 gases diluted with H 2 on single-crystal substrates just after being etched in a HF dip. The highest electron mobility and lowest resistivity of the n + -layers were 30 cm 2 /V ·s and 4×10 -4 Ω·cm, respectively. This technology has been successfully applied to fabricate bipolar transistors with a high current gain of 370.
MoEnd3 regulates appressorium formation and virulence through mediating endocytosis in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (2017)

Eukaryotic cells respond to environmental stimuli when cell surface receptors are bound by environmental ligands. The binding initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in the appropriate intracellular responses. Studies have shown that endocytosis is critical for receptor internalization and signaling activation. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, a non-canonical G-protein coupled receptor, Pth11, and membrane sensors MoMsb2 and MoSho1 are thought to function upstream of G-protein/cAMP signaling and the Pmk1 MAPK pathway to regulate appressorium formation and pathogenesis. However, little is known about how these receptors or sensors are internalized and transported into intracellular compartments. We found that the MoEnd3 protein is important for endocytic transport and that the ΔMoend3 mutant exhibited defects in efficient internalization of Pth11 and MoSho1. The ΔMoend3 mutant was also defective in Pmk1 phosphorylation, autophagy, appressorium formation and function. Intriguingly, restoring Pmk1 phosphorylation levels in ΔMoend3 suppressed most of these defects. Moreover, we demonstrated that MoEnd3 is subject to regulation by MoArk1 through protein phosphorylation. We also found that MoEnd3 has additional functions in facilitating the secretion of effectors, including Avr-Pia and AvrPiz-t that suppress rice immunity. Taken together, our findings suggest that MoEnd3 plays a critical role in mediating receptor endocytosis that is critical for the signal transduction-regulated development and virulence of M. oryzae.
Emerging security threats for mobile platforms (2011)

Abstract- The proliferation of smart-phone devices, with ever advancing technological features, has brought the issue of mobile device security back into focus. Mobile devices are rapidly becoming attractive targets for malicious attacks due to significant advances in both hardware and operating systems. The modern mobile platforms, like Android, iOS and Symbian, increasingly resemble traditional operating systems for PCs. Therefore, the challenges in enforcing smart-phone security are becoming similar to those present in PC platforms. By installing malicious content, smart-phones can be infected with worms, trojan horses or other virus families, which can compromise user’s security and privacy or even gain complete control over the device. Such malicious content can easily spread due to advances in mobile network technologies which provide smart-phones with capability of constant Internet connection over 3G or Wi-Fi networks. Additionally, the improvements in smart-phone features introduce new types of security concerns. By compromising mobile OS, malicious applications can access voice-recording devices, cameras, intercept SMS messages or gain location information. Such security breaches severely compromise user’s privacy. In this paper we present an analysis of contemporary mobile platform threats and give an in-depth overview of threat mitigation mechanisms built into state of the art mobile operating systems. I.
Implementing calendars and temporal rules in next generation databases (2002)

In applications like financial trading, scheduling, manufacturing and process control, time based predicates in queries and rules are very important. There is also a need to define lists of time points or intervals. The authors refer to these lists as calendars. The authors present a system of calendars that allow specification of natural-language time-based expressions, maintenance of valid time in databases, specification of temporal conditions in database queries and rules, and user-defined semantics for date manipulation. A simple list based language is proposed to define, manipulate and query calendars. The design of the parser and an algorithm for efficient evaluation of calendar expressions is also described. The paper also describes the implementation of time-based rules in POSTGRES using the proposed system of calendars.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>