gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose-Response Relationships for Alendronate Treatment in Osteoporotic Elderly Women<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Alendronate (ALN) is an aminobisphosphonate employed as an antiresorptive agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study was carried out to determine dose-response relationships, particularly the effects of relatively low doses of ALN, on bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical indexes of bone and mineral metabolism, and bone histology, with particular attention to effects in elderly women. This prospective, randomized, double blind, 2-yr multicenter study compared the effects of placebo with those of 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg ALN daily. All subjects received supplemental calcium (500 mg daily) as the carbonate. We studied 359 women with lumbar spine BMD at least 2.0 SD below the peak young adult mean. Subjects were stratified by age, with 135 aged 60-69 yr and 224 aged 70-85 yr. Histomorphometry was performed on transiliac bone biopsies obtained from 104 subjects after 1 yr and from 83 subjects after 2 yr. This study elucidated the previously uninvestigated lower region of the dose-response curve for ALN in osteoporosis. Over 2 yr, treatment with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/day increased lumbar spine BMD, on the average, by 0.65%, 3.54%, and 5.67%, respectively, compared with that in the placebo group (P < 0.001 vs. placebo for the 2.5 and 5 mg groups). Significant dose-related increases were also seen in BMD at appendicular sites and in total body BMD. Dose-dependent reductions in bone turnover to new steady states were indicated by serum and urine biochemical markers as well as by histomorphometry. There was also a dose-related reduction in the proportion of subjects suffering nonvertebral fractures (P < 0.05). Safety profiles were similar for the ALN and placebo groups and for both age strata. Efficacy was similar for both age strata. There was no evidence of impaired mineralization or other histological abnormalities due to ALN treatment. We conclude that treatment with ALN over a period of 2 yr was well tolerated and produced dose-dependent increases in BMD without evidence of a plateau over the dose range of 1.0-5.0 mg daily. One milligram daily did not result in a significant effect on BMD, and 5.0 mg daily produced favorable effects at all sites measured. Other studies have demonstrated somewhat greater effects on 10 mg daily. ALN, was equally effective and well tolerated in osteoporotic women over 70 yr old as in younger women with the same condition.
An improved electronic flying-spot densitometer for analyzing X-ray photographs (1957)

An improved flying-spot densitometer has been constructed for analyzing both wide-anglo and small-ang!e X-ray films. Speed and convenience of measurement are the primary improvements, made possible by the use of a flat-face cathode-ray scanning tube and novel calibration methods. Provision for circular and line scans permits the measurement of optical density variations both azimuthally and radially in an X-ray photograph. Optical density profiles are plotted on a flatface cathode-ray display tube. Permanent records of any profile can be made readily in 1 rain. with an oscilloscope-record camera.
[Stapled vs. hand-sewn colorectal anastomosis in complicated colorectal cancer--a retrospective study]. (2011)

Comparison did not disclose any significant difference in the number of complications in these two groups. Anastomosis is safe in emergency colorectal surgery and the reduction of the operative time may also improve the outcome of these patients.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Evolving Role in the Treatment of Solid Tumors (2004)

Inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) activity have shown promise as novel anticancer agents in a variety of common solid tumors. In preclinical studies and phase I trials, tumor responses to EGFR-TK inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib (Iressa, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DE) and erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Melville, NY, and Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) were observed in heavily pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and other solid tumors. Subsequent phase II studies resulted in tumor responses, disease stabilization, symptom improvement, and improved quality of life in patients with advanced NSCLC who had received prior platinum-based chemotherapy or platinum and docetaxel chemotherapies. Side effects related to treatment with EGFR-TKIs were generally mild, reversible, and noncumulative. Severity and frequency of drug-related adverse events were related directly to dose. The potential role of EGFR-TKIs in treating other solid tumors currently is being studied. Furthermore, research is being conducted to explore the potential use of EGFR-TKIs in novel combinations with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy, and other molecular targeted therapies.
Adsorption of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on silica surfaces (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on silica surfacesTohru Tanahashi, Masami Kawaguchi, Takako Honda, and Akira TakahashiCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2, 606–607Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00080a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00080a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views353Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct-Type Catalytic Three-Component Mannich Reactions Leading to an Efficient Synthesis of α,β-Diamino Acid Derivatives (2006)

[reaction: see text] The first example of the Lewis acid-catalyzed three-component direct-type Mannich reaction of simple aromatic and enolizable aliphatic aldehydes, secondary amines, and glycine derivatives is described. The procedure is highly atom economical and can be performed in a simple one-pot operation under mild conditions to afford a wide variety of synthetically important anti-alpha,beta-diamino ester derivatives in high yields with high diastereoselectivities.
High Resolution LASAR 3-D Imaging Based on IAA Algorithm (2013)

This paper concerns the super-resolution method for linear array synthetic aperture radar (LASAR). Limited by the length of the linear array, the cross-track resolution is always low. Furthermore, with the large number of along-track (AT) samples, the computational complexity is always very large. To overcome the former disadvantage, this paper employs an iterative adaptive approach (IAA) algorithm to reconstruct the scatterer's reflectivity in the AT and cross-track (CT) direction. To overcome the last disadvantage, by exploiting the sparse characteristics of the 3D scene, this paper applies a sparse array antenna in LASAR system to reduce the samples. Compared with the traditional method, the presented IAA methods can obtain a better resolution. The simulation and experimental results validate the effective of performance of the presented method.
Rational Design of DNA-Expressed Stabilized Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Trimers (2018)

The HIV-1-envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the main target of antigen design for antibody-based prophylactic vaccines. The generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) likely requires the appropriate presentation of stabilized trimers preventing exposure of non-neutralizing antibody (nNAb) epitopes. We designed a series of membrane-bound Envs with increased trimer stability through the introduction of key stabilization mutations. We derived a stabilized HIV-1 trimer, ConSOSL.UFO.750, which displays a dramatic reduction in nNAb binding while maintaining high quaternary and MPER-specific bNAb binding. Its soluble counterpart, ConSOSL.UFO.664, displays similar antigenicity, and its native-like Env structure is confirmed by negative stain-EM and glycosylation profiling of the soluble ConSOSL.UFO.664 trimer. A rabbit immunization study demonstrated that the ConSOSL.UFO.664 can induce autologous tier 2 neutralization. We have successfully designed a stabilized native-like Env trimer amenable to nucleic acid or viral vector-based vaccination strategies.
Universal method for synthesis of artificial gel antibodies by the imprinting approach combined with a unique electrophoresis technique for detection of minute structural differences of proteins, viruses, and cells (bacteria): Ia. Gel antibodies against proteins (transferrins) (2006)

Artificial antibodies in the form of gel granules were prepared by the molecular imprinting technique from the monomers acrylamide and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide. Gel granules, freed from the selectively adsorbed protein (the antigen), are neutral and, accordingly, do not migrate in an electrical field. However, upon selective interaction with the antigen at a pH different from its pI, the granules become charged. The selectivity of the gel antibodies was studied by free zone electrophoresis in a tube with inside diameter larger than the size of the granules. Such electrophoretic analyses showed that gel antibodies against iron-free transferrin had a high selectivity for this protein, although some crossreaction took place with iron-saturated transferrin, indicating that these artificial antibodies can easily distinguish the minute differences in the 3-D structure of the transferrins. Analogously, gel antibodies against iron-saturated transferrin were highly selective for this protein with some crossreaction with iron-free transferrin. The mobilities of iron-free and iron-saturated transferrin are very similar, and, therefore, capillary free zone electrophoresis cannot distinguish between these structurally related proteins. However, significant differences in the mobilities of the selective gel granules can be observed depending on their interaction with iron-free or iron-saturated transferrin, i.e., the artificial gel antibodies may become powerful analytical tools.
A comparative code study for quantum fault-tolerance (2007)

We study a comprehensive list of quantum codes as candidates of codes to be used at the bottom, physical, level in a fault-tolerant code architecture. Using the Aliferis-Gottesman-Preskill (AGP) ex-Rec method we calculate the pseudo-threshold for these codes against depolarizing noise at various levels of overhead. We estimate the logical noise rate as a function of overhead at a physical error rate of $p_0=1\times 10^{-4}$. The Bacon-Shor codes and the Golay code are the best performers in our study.
Channel assignment through evolutionary optimization (1996)

The problem of assigning appropriate channels to the individual members of a cellular network is an important challenge facing network designers. Heuristics may be used to solve this problem, although in recent years parallel distributed methods have also been suggested. We investigate how an evolutionary inspired computing technique known as genetic algorithms (GAs) may be used. These global optimization techniques avoid many of the shortcomings exhibited by local search techniques on difficult search spaces. The new approach is tested on several problems of different sizes and complexity. The critical aspects of this technique and additional improvements are also discussed.
Electrogram-guided substrate ablation with or without pulmonary vein isolation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (2008)

Ablation of CFAE as a stand-alone ablation strategy seems insufficient for the treatment of patients with persistent AF. Pulmonary vein isolation plus CFAE ablation significantly increases the mid-term success rate.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 141. Chemical Stability of a New Antitumor Nucleoside, 2'-C-Cyano-2'-deoxy-1-.beta.-D-arabino-pentofuranosylcytosine (CNDAC) in Alkaline Medium: Formation of 2'-C-Cyano-2'-deoxy-1-.beta.-D-ribo-pentofuranosylcytosine (CNDC) and Its Antitumor Activity (1995)

We have designed 2'-C-cyano-2'-deoxy-1-beta-D-arabino- pentofuranosylcytosine (CNDAC) as a potential mechanism-based DNA-strand-breaking nucleoside, which showed potent tumor cell growth inhibitory activity against various human tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. When measuring the pKa of the 2' alpha-proton of CNDAC, we found that CNDAC epimerized to 2'-C-cyano-2'-deoxy-1-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosylcytosine (CNDC) with concomitant degradation of both CNDAC and CNDC to cytosine and 1,4-anhydro-2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-D-erythro-pent-1- enitol. Kinetic analysis of these reactions showed that abstraction of the acidic 2'-proton of CNDAC and CNDC initiated the reactions, which quickly reached an equilibrium. In the equilibrium, a concentration ratio of CNDAC and CNDC was about 3:5. Concomitant degradation of these nucleosides was found to be rather slow. Deuterium incorporation experiments with CNDAC in a D2O buffer suggested the mechanism of the beta-elimination reactions is an E1cB type. These epimerization and degradation reactions were found even in neutral conditions (pH 7.5) and also occurred in RPMI 1640 cell culture medium. The discovery of which nucleoside possesses the predominate tumor cell growth inhibitory activity was important. While both nucleosides showed potent tumor cell growth inhibitory activity against three human tumor cell lines (colon carcinoma WiDr, small cell lung carcinoma SBC-5, and stomach carcinoma MKN-74 cells) in 48 h of incubation, in 20 min of incubation, CNDAC was 11-50 times more effective than CNDC. In vivo antileukemic activity of these nucleosides against a mouse P388 model, CNDAC was obviously superior to CNDC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of Petroleum Polymer Resin by Catalytic Polymerization of Pyrocondensate and Its Fractions (2014)

Aims: The main aim of the present paper is the application of bimetallic complexes synthesized based on aluminium, 1.2-dichloroethane and transition metals in the refining of pyrocondensate. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Petrochemical Processes, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, between January 2011 and September 2012. Methodology: Oligomerization process was carried out in a three-necked flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser and a thermometer. Results: On the basis of the results obtained from the study the optimal conditions of polymerization process of pyrocondensate in the presence of bimetallic catalytic complexes were: concentration of catalyst for oligomerization process of pyrocondencate and its fractions – 0,5% wt., temperature for pyrocondensate and C6-C8 fraction – 70oC, temperature for C5 fraction – 60oC, reaction time for pyrocondensate – 1 hour., C5 and C6C8 fractions 40 min. Increasing the molecular weight of petroleum polymer resins synthesized in the presence of bimetallic catalytic complexes from 700 to 1200 resulted in Original Research Article American Chemical Science Journal, 4(1): 82-96, 2014 83 film formation. Conclusion: The best activity of bimetallic catalysts in the oligomerization process of pyrocondensate and its fractions was observed at a ratio Al:Me=8:1, so in that time the concentration of catalyst decreased from 1 % wt. to 0,5 % wt. It was noticed that bimetallic catalysts oligomerized the unsaturated hydrocarbons of pyrocondensate and its fractions and separated benzene-toluene-xylenes fraction and C5 fraction which can used as benzene component with high purity. Also the bimetallic catalytic complex made possible the synthesis of PPR, which can be used as film forming material in lacquer industry as well as modifier for bitumen in road-coating industry.
Trees for a 3-Valued Logic (1984)

Journal Article Trees for a 3-valued logic Get access Fred Johnson Fred Johnson Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, Colorado 80523, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 44, Issue 1, January 1984, Pages 43–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/44.1.43 Published: 01 January 1984
Hemp: a new crop with new uses for North America. (2002)

“Hemp ” refers primarily to Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), although the term has been applied to dozens of species representing at least 22 genera, often prominent fiber crops. For examples, Manila hemp (abaca) is Musa textilis Née, sisal hemp is Agave sisalina Perrine, and sunn hemp is Crotolaria juncea L. Especially confusing is the phrase “Indian hemp, ” which has been used both for narcotic Asian land races of C. sativa (so-called C. indica Lamarck of India) and Apocynum cannabinum L., which was used by North American Indians as a fiber plant. Cannabis sativa is a multi-purpose plant that has been domesticated for bast (phloem) fiber in the stem, a multi-purpose fixed oil in the “seeds ” (achenes), and an intoxicating resin secreted by epidermal glands. The common names hemp and marijuana (much less frequently spelled marihuana) have been applied loosely to all three forms, although historically hemp has been used primarily for the fiber cultigen and its fiber preparations, and marijuana for the drug cultigen and its drug preparations. The current hemp industry is making great efforts to point out that “hemp is not marijuana. ” Italicized, Cannabis refers to the biological name of the plant (only one species of this genus is commonly recognized, C. sativa L.). Non-italicized, “cannabis ” is a generic abstraction, widely used as a noun and adjective, and commonly (often loosely) used both for cannabis plants and/or any or all of the intoxicant preparations made from them. Probably indigenous to temperate Asia, C. sativa is the most widely cited example of a “camp follower.” It was pre-adapted to thrive in the manured soils around man’s early settlements, which quickly led to its
Curved Keratotomy Procedure for Congenital Astigmatism (1987)

ABSTRACT; The purpose of this article is to report the principles, technique, and results of curved keratotomy performed to correct congenital astigmatism. The theoretical basis of this procedure is based on the Gauss' Law of the Tota! Curvature of the Surfaces, which is simplified by the author in the "Mean Radius Law." The relationship between the spheroequivalent value and the mean radius and their importance in the predictability of results is explained. The results of 205 eyes operated by curved keratotomy procedure are reported. This technique seems to be very simple, with good predictability and stable results.
[Changes of coagulation and fibrinolysis system in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in lung fibrosis]. (2005)

The PCA upregulation might be means to diagnose alveolitis. The activity of the fibrinolysis system was injured progressively by PAI-1 activity upregulation and uPA activity downregulation, which might be taken as means to study the occurrence of early lung fibrosis and its development,vWF and AT-III rendered no help in diagnosis of lung fibrosis.
Phase-transfer of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots using amphiphilic hyperbranched polyethylenimine (2005)

A new, straightforward method for the phase-transfer of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots from non-polar solvents into water and short-chained alcohols using amphiphilic hyperbranched polyethylenimine of different molar weights is suggested and the experimental procedure is discussed as well as the chemical properties of the resulting polymer-derivatised nanocrystals.
Seamus Heaney: From Revivalism to Postmodernism (1997)

In one of the most important and wide-ranging of recent essays on Seamus Heaney, the fish philosopher, cultural historian and literary critic Richard Kearney, who writes with the added authority of a working association with Heaney, describes what he takes to be the dominant reading of him.1 ‘Heaney’s primary inspiration, we are told, is one of place his quintessentially Irish vocation, the sacramental naming of a homeland. Hence the preoccupation with images of mythology, archaeology and genealogy, of returning to forgotten origins.’2 It is a reading which Kearney sets out to challenge and he does so, in a vocabulary derived from the hermeneutic philosophy of Martin Heidegger, because he believes that it not only misrepresents Heaney’s work but also obscures the significance of his achievement for contemporary Irish culture. We can grasp the intended scope of Kearney’s revisionary account if we give due weight to the following distinction, for he asks us to reconsider Heaney’s work in a radically new perspective and, at the same time, to shift even more radically the grounds upon which we choose to assent to that work. Following from its Heideggerean presuppositions, this involves less a rereading than the owning up to new possibilities of individual and collective existence.
An Evaluation of Inactivated Infectious Coryza Vaccines Containing a Double-Emulsion Adjuvant System (1992)

The efficacy of experimental inactivated infectious coryza vaccines produced by a commercial vaccine manufacturer was evaluated. The vaccines, containing as the adjuvant phase either a double-emulsion mineral oil system or aluminum-hydroxide gel, were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose. Some vaccines were a monovalent product containing a Page serovar C Haemophilus paragallinarum strain, and others were a bivalent product containing both Page serovar A and serovar C strains. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by infraorbital sinus inoculation of virulent H. paragallinarum, either Page serovar C (strain HP31) or Page serovar A (strain HP14). The monovalent serovar C double-emulsion-based vaccines gave significant protection against a serovar C challenge, with the level of protection varying from 60% to 100%. The monovalent serovar C aluminum-hydroxide-gel vaccine also gave significant protection (94%) against a serovar C challenge. The bivalent double-emulsion vaccine gave significant protection against challenge from both serovars (100% for serovar C and 83% for serovar A). Although no major adverse reactions were detected, some chickens receiving both the double-emulsion vaccines and the aluminum-hydroxide vaccine developed relatively minor granulomatous reactions at the site of injection.