gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA‐C heavy chains free of ß<sub>2</sub>‐microglobulin: distribution in normal tissues and neoplastic lesions of non‐lymphoid origin and interferon‐γ responsiveness (1997)

Lacking monospecific antibodies to HLA-C, the expression and synthesis of these molecules have been difficult to evaluate. Using biochemical and flow cytometry approaches, the present report demonstrates that the reactivity of the murine monoclonal antibody L31 is restricted to naturally occurring HLA-C (HLA-Cw1 through -Cw8), HLA-B8 and HLA-B51 heavy chains not associated with beta2-microglobin (beta2m). This is due to two properties of HLA-C heavy chains: (a) they share the L31 epitope which distinguishes them from all the HLA-A and most HLA-B molecules; (b) they accumulate intracellularly, in a beta2m-free form, in much greater amounts than most L31-reacting HLA-B heavy chains. On the basis of this restricted reactivity, a representative panel of normal and neoplastic human tissues and cells derived from HLA-B8- B51- individuals was selected and employed to assess the tissue distribution, surface expression and IFN-gamma responsiveness of beta2m-free HLA-C heavy chains. At variance from antibody W6/32 to beta2m-associated heavy chains, L31 stains normal and neoplastic tissues with a ground-glass pattern and weakly binds to the surface of viable cells, even after treatment with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Thus, beta2m-free HLA-C heavy chains are, for the most part, located intracellularly. In spite of their distinct cellular localization, L31- and W6/32-reacting molecules have an overlapping tissue distribution, undergo concordant changes upon transformation and are upregulated in their synthesis by IFN-gamma to a similar extent. These observations demonstrate a coordinate regulation of HLA-C with HLA-A and -B molecules. In addition, they indicate that the assembly of HLA-C is impaired in most body districts and IFN-gamma is unable to completely reverse this impairment. The present results are consistent with a low surface expression of HLA-C and with a privileged role of these molecules in signaling class I loss to cytotoxic effectors in pathological conditions.
SWITCHBOARD: telephone speech corpus for research and development (1992)

SWITCHBOARD is a large multispeaker corpus of conversational speech and text which should be of interest to researchers in speaker authentication and large vocabulary speech recognition. About 2500 conversations by 500 speakers from around the US were collected automatically over T1 lines at Texas Instruments. Designed for training and testing of a variety of speech processing algorithms, especially in speaker verification, it has over an 1 h of speech from each of 50 speakers, and several minutes each from hundreds of others. A time-aligned word for word transcription accompanies each recording.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive space-time signal processing and coding (2002)

This paper considers the capacities available in multi-antenna or MIMO systems through the use of techniques such as space-time coding. In particular we compare the conventional space-time coding systems so far developed which do not make use of knowledge of the channel at the transmitter, with the optimum adaptive system which adapts the transmission to the channel characteristics. We show by a simple example that the capacity of the adaptive system may be significantly greater, especially at low signal to noise ratio. We also consider the directional characteristics of the transmitted signal, and show that while the non-adaptive systems transmit equally in all directions, the adaptive system transmits primarily in the wanted directions, and thus reduces interference in other directions very substantially.
Feminine Magic (2014)

Having been introduced to magic by my father, I have adapted the classic methods to work in my role as a mature female teacher. Using performance and mysterious narrative, intriguing props and playing on my femininity, the classic magician routines have served me well when performing for teenagers. Reworking the classic routines in this way ensures that a school magic club for teenagers serves the various needs of both male and female students.
Facilitative Effects of the Ampakine CX516 on Short-Term Memory in Rats: Correlations with Hippocampal Neuronal Activity (1998)

In the companion article (Hampson et al., 1998), the ampakine CX516 (Cortex Pharmaceuticals) was shown to produce a marked facilitation of performance of a spatial delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) task in rats. Injections of the drug before each daily session produced a marked and progressive improvement in performance at longer delays (>5 sec) that persisted for 7 d after drug treatment was terminated. In most animals (n = 9) the increase in performance carried over to the intervening vehicle for days, whereas in others (n = 3) the effects dissipated within the session according to the pharmacological half-life of CX516. In this article we report firing correlates of simultaneously recorded cells in the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus over the period in which DNMS performance was facilitated by CX516. Sample and Delay period firing was enhanced by 100-350% under CX516 and increased progressively over days as did DNMS performance. The firing increases were restricted to correct trials only and were largest on trials with long delays. Firing in the intertrial interval was also altered, but in a manner consistent with a previously demonstrated reduction in between-trial proactive interference by CX516. Finally, in animals in which the effects of CX516 were restricted to when the drug was actually present (i.e., no carryover effects), increased cell firing also paralleled the time course of the performance increase. Results are discussed with respect to the actions of ampakines on hippocampal cellular and synaptic processes that underlie DNMS performance.
Tolrestat treatment prevents modification of the formalin test model of prolonged pain in hyperglycemic rats (1994)

This study examined the effects of hyperglycemia and treatment with the aldose reductase inhibitor, Tolrestat, on the pain behavior evoked by injection of formalin into the dorsum of a single hind paw. In control rats, injection of formalin (50 microliters of a 5% solution) evoked two phases of flinching of the injected paw (phases 1 and 2), separated by a quiescent period. Four weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes or galactose intoxication did not alter the frequency of flinching during either of the active phases but significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) enhanced flinch frequency during the quiescent period. Concurrent treatment with Tolrestat (50 mg/kg/day by gavage) during hyperglycemia prevented the accumulation of the polyol pathway metabolites sorbitol and fructose in the nerve and spinal cord of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the enhanced flinching of diabetic rats during the quiescent period. These data demonstrate that hyperglycemia induces a period of Tolrestate-preventable hyperalgesia in a paradigm that is used to model persistent pain and suggest that exaggerated flux through aldose reductase may initiate changes in nociceptive pathways that could contribute to some of the pain states experienced by patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Effect of Ethidium Bromide against Transplantable Tumors in Mice and Rats (1973)

Ethidium bromide was tested for anti-tumor activity against several solid and ascitic tumors of mice and rats. The compound was active against mammary adenocarcinoma EO-771, sarcoma 180, and Flexner-Jobling carcinoma solid tumors but inactive against Ehrlich solid carcinoma and leukemia L-1210 solid. Against ascitic tumors in mice, EB was active in the leukemia L-1210 ascites system, but there were no 30-day survivors, and there was no activity against Ehrlich ascites.
LL-F28249 antibiotic complex: A new family of antiparastic macrocyclic lactones. Isolation, characterization and structures of LL-F28249 .ALPHA., .BETA., .GAMMA., .LAMBDA.. (1988)

A new family of antiparasitic macrolides has been isolated from Streptomyces cyaneogriseus sp. noncyanogenus. The compounds, designated LL-F28249 alpha, beta, gamma and lambda, possess potent antiparasitic activity. The isolation, purification and structure determination by spectroscopic methods are presented.
In vivo growth hormone treatment stimulates secretion of very low density lipoprotein by the isolated perfused rat liver. (1992)

We have previously demonstrated in hepatocyte suspensions prepared after in vivo GH deprivation [hypophysectomy (hypox)] that rates of esterification of [1-14C]oleic acid into triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) were diminished, and that these esterification rates were correspondingly restored by repletion with recombinant GH. The current studies were designed to determine if GH exerts a similar effect on the secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), the primary plasma carrier of TG. We assessed rates of secretion of VLDL lipid and apoprotein by perfused livers prepared from cortisol/T3-replaced hypox female rats in the presence and absence of recombinant human (h) GH infusion. We also determined rates of synthesis and secretion of VLDL TG from infused [1-14C]oleic acid. After hypox, rates of secretion of VLDL lipid (TG, PL, and cholesterol) and apoprotein (total) were significantly decreased. In addition, VLDL secreted under these conditions was depleted of PL, relative to the other lipid components. Secretion of newly synthesized VLDL TG from [1-14C]oleic acid was also decreased; however, neither intracellular accumulation of labeled TG nor absolute tissue levels of TG were significantly changed. Conversely, GH treatment of hypox rats effectively restored rates of secretion of VLDL TG, PL, cholesterol (C) and apoprotein to control levels. These findings support the putative role of GH in regulating VLDL secretion in vivo by demonstrating that alterations in plasma GH are accompanied by changes in VLDL secretion. The findings further suggest that GH may regulate VLDL secretion by altering the amount of PL and/or apoprotein available for formation of the VLDL particle.
Structure−Function Relationships of Human Liver Cytochromes P450 3A:  Aflatoxin B1 Metabolism as a Probe (1998)

Cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5, the dominant drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human liver, share >85% primary amino acid sequence identity yet exhibit different regioselectivity toward aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biotransformation [Gillam et al., (1995) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 317, 374-384]. P450 3A4 apparently prefers AFB1 3alpha-hydroxylation, which results in detoxification and subsequent elimination of the hepatotoxin, over AFB1 exo-8,9-oxidation. In contrast, P450 3A5 is incapable of appreciable AFB1 3alpha-hydroxylation and converts it predominantly to the exo-8,9-oxide which is genotoxic. To elucidate the structural features that govern the regioselectivity of the human liver 3A enzymes in AFB1 metabolism and bioactivation, a combination of approaches including sequence alignment, homology modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis was employed. Specifically, the switch in AFB1 regioselectivity was examined after individual substitution of the divergent amino acids in each of the six putative substrate recognition sites (SRSs) of P450 3A4 with the corresponding amino acid of P450 3A5. Of the P450 3A4 mutants examined, P107S, F108L, N206S, L210F, V376T, S478D, and L479T mutations resulted in a significant switch of P450 3A4 regioselectivity toward that of P450 3A5. The results confirmed the importance of some of these residues in substrate contact in the active site, with residue N206 (SRS-2) being critical for AFB1 detoxification via 3alpha-hydroxylation. Moreover, the P450 3A4 mutant N206S most closely mimicked P450 3A5, not only in its regioselectivity of AFB1 metabolism but also in its overall functional capacity. Furthermore, the other SRS-2 mutant, L210F, also resembled P450 3A5 in its overall AFB1 metabolism and regioselectivity. These findings reveal that a single P450 3A5 SRS domain (SRS-2) is capable of conferring the P450 3A5 phenotype on P450 3A4. In addition, some of these P450 3A4 mutations that affected AFB1 regioselectivity had little influence on testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation, thereby confirming that each substrate-P450 active site fit is indeed unique.
Computerized Transaxial X-ray Tomography of the Human Body (1974)

The ACTA-Scanner has virtually unlimited potential in the evalution of any part of the body. The usefulness of the technique has already been shown in the appraisal of pathologies of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid cavities. The orbits and the eyeballs, the facial sinuses, and skull base lesions have also been elucidated. Tumors of the larynx, pharynx, thyroid, and parathyroid; lymphomas; and pathology of the spine and spinal cord are well within the reach of this new diagnostic methodology. Lung pathologies, such as emphysema, pneumonias, neoplasms, infarctions, pleural effusions and granulomatous diseases, and mediastinal pathology represent a challenging complex of lesions to be appraised by ACTA-scanning. For the heart, there is great potential for observing cardiac chamber size, hypertrophy of ventricular or atrial walls, and ventricular or aortic aneurysms, and possibly for recognizing the damaged myocardial tissue immediately after or some time after an infarction. The abdominal pathologies that can be studied are almost uncountable: gastric neoplasms, pancreatic cysts and stones, gallstones, neoplasms of the liver and pancreas, bowel tumors, abdominal aortic aneurysms, renal neoplasms and cysts, atrophy of the kidneys, bladder tumors, uterine tumors, ovarian cysts, and many more. Although bones and joints are adequately demonstrated by conventional x-ray techniques, there is no doubt that as the new technique is developed ACTA-grams will contribute significant information in the transverse plane, as well as in densitometric analyses. The impact of ACTA-scanning will not be limited to the diagnostic area, but will extend, at least indirectly, to general patient management and to some aspects of medical economics as well. Risk-laden, technically complex, and costly diagnostic procedures, sometimes requiring lengthy hospitalization, will in some cases be eliminated. The simple, innocuous, and noninvasive ACTA-scanning can be performed on an outpatient basis. Repeated follow-up examinations should be easily accepted by the patients, considering that this diagnostic test is carried out without discomfort. The entire field of diagnostic radiology is on the verge of revolutionary changes.
Kaatopaikkakaasun puhdistaminen liikennepolttoaineeksi vastavirtavesiabsorptiolla (2007)

unknown accessibility
A New Cold-Induced Alfalfa Gene Is Associated with Enhanced Hardening at Subzero Temperature (1993)

When alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv Apica) plants grown at room temperature are transferred to 2 degrees C, the temperature at which 50% of the plants fail to survive (LT50) decreases from -6 to -14 degrees C during the first 2 weeks but then increases to -9 degrees C during the subsequent 2 weeks. However, when plants are kept for 2 weeks at 2 degrees C and then transferred to -2 degrees C for another two weeks, the LT50 declines to -16 degrees C. These changes in freezing tolerance are paralleled by changes in transcript levels of cas15 (cold acclimation-specific gene encoding a 14.5-kD protein), a cold-induced gene. Cold-activation of cas15 occurs even when protein synthesis is inhibited by more than 90%, suggesting that cold-initiated events up to and including the accumulation of cas15 transcripts depend on preexisting gene products. cas15 shows little homology to any known gene at the nucleotide or amino acid level. The deduced polypeptide (CAS15) of 14.5 kD contains four repeats of a decapeptide motif and possesses a bipartite sequence domain at the carboxy terminus with homology to the reported nuclear-targeting signal sequences. Although the relative amount of cas15 DNA as a fraction of the total genomic DNA is similar in cultivars with different degrees of freezing tolerance, its organization in the genome is different. The possible role of cas15 in the development of cold-induced freezing tolerance is discussed.
[Effects of novel immunosuppressant FK 506 in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. (1990)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. It is widely used as an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied the prophylactic effects of FK 506 electrophysiologically and immunohistochemically in acute EAE. Female Lewis rats were sensitized with guinea pig spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant. FK 506 suspended in distilled water was orally administered at 1.0, 3.2, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg per day for 12 successive days starting from the day of sensitization. A placebo was used as the control. Administration of FK 506 at doses of 3.2 mg/kg per day and over significantly delayed the onset of clinical signs. However, the FK 506 group showed a relapse or a chronic state following the onset of EAE. We made a time course recording of cortical somatosensory evoked potential (cortical SEP: P 15). P 15 latency in the placebo group was significantly delayed in accordance with the clinical signs and showed immediate improvement upon recovery. Prolongation of P 15 latency in the FK 506 group also occurred concomitantly with the clinical signs, but the delay continued after the loss of symptoms as well. After the onset of EAE, the infiltrating lymphocyte subset was examined by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method in the lumbar spinal cord. In the placebo group, the number of OX3+ (Ia) cells and the W 3 25+: OX8+ (helper/inducer T: suppressor/cytotoxic T) ratio clearly reflected the development and remission of EAE. In the FK 506 group, however, increases in OX8+ lymphocytes were observed irrespective of clinical sign fluctuation, and there were corresponding decreases in the W 3/25+: OX8+ ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hierarchical functional verification for cell-based design styles (1987)

Special-purpose verification tools have been proposed recently to solve cell-based layout verification problems. The paper proposes a hierarchical netlist extractor, an electric rule checker and a connectivity checker. These verification tools are developed especially for the structured and hierarchical artwork data. A new solution for schematic-to-layout netlist comparison is also developed. The major advantages of these tools are the redundant modular design pattern can be completely neglected, and the functional connectivity can be checked completely. A number of practical chips have been checked as examples. Experimental results have shown that this hierarchical functional verification can be used efficiently for VLSI layout.
Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/AKT Signaling Confers Resistance to Trastuzumab but not Lapatinib (2010)

Trastuzumab and lapatinib provide clinical benefit to women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER)-positive breast cancer. However, not all patients whose tumors contain the HER2 alteration respond. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify new predictive factors for these agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway activation in conferring resistance to trastuzumab and lapatinib. To address this question, we evaluated response to trastuzumab and lapatinib in a panel of 18 HER2-amplified cell lines, using both two- and three-dimensional culture. The SUM-225, HCC-1419, HCC-1954, UACC-893, HCC-1569, UACC-732, JIMT-1, and MDA-453 cell lines were found to be innately resistant to trastuzumab, whereas the MDA-361, MDA-453, HCC-1569, UACC-732, JIMT-1, HCC-202, and UACC-893 cells are innately lapatinib resistant. Lapatinib was active in de novo (SUM-225, HCC-1419, and HCC-1954) and in a BT-474 cell line with acquired resistance to trastuzumab. In these cells, trastuzumab had little effect on AKT phosphorylation, whereas lapatinib retained activity through the dephosphorylation of AKT. Increased phosphorylation of HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor, HER3, and insulin-like growth factor IR correlated with response to lapatinib but not trastuzumab. Loss of PTEN or the presence of activating mutations in PI3K marked resistance to trastuzumab, but lapatinib response was independent of these factors. Thus, increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway correlates with resistance to trastuzumab, which can be overcome by lapatinib. In conclusion, pharmacologic targeting of the PI3K/AKT pathway may provide benefit to HER2-positive breast cancer patients who are resistant to trastuzumab therapy.
Analysis of <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C{<sup>1</sup>H} NMR Spectral Parameters of Diphenylchloroarsine, Diphenylcyanoarsine, and 10-Chloro- 5,10-Dihydrophenarsazine: Identification of the Compounds through Reference to Simulated Spectra (1997)

The 1 H and 13 C{ 1 H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of diphenylchloroarsine, diphenylcyanoarsine, and 10-chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine were recorded from samples prepared in CDCl 3 , CD 2 Cl 2 , and (CD 3 ) 2 CO. Spectra were analyzed, and detailed 1 H NMR spectral parameters were determined by iterative analysis. Simulation of spectra and their use as reference spectra for identification of the compounds under different conditions are discussed.
Structure-activity relationships in chick embryo fibroblasts for phorbol-related diterpene esters showing anomalous activities in vivo. (1980)

Abstract We have previously shown that the potencies of seven phorbol esters for stimulating increased transport of deoxyglucose and causing a decrease in the large external transformation-sensitive protein in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) correlate closely with their published inflammatory potencies in the mouse. We have now used the CEF culture system to examine the activity of two classes of phorbol-related diterpene esters for which inflammatory activity and the ability to promote tumors in mouse skin have been shown by others not to correspond. We find that three derivatives of 12-deoxyphorbol, which are known to be highly inflammatory in the mouse ear but which possess very low promoting activity, were much less potent in CEF than predicted by their inflammatory activity. The 12-deoxyphorbol derivatives may thus have a primary biological target distinct from that of typical phorbol esters. In contrast to the 12-deoxyphorbol derivatives, the symmetrically substituted phorbol derivatives phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, and phorbol 12,13-dimyristate displayed potencies in the CEF system that corresponded to their inflammatory rather than their promoting activities in the mouse. In our previous work with esters of phorbol, we found that each compound had similar activity (generally within 2-fold, all within 9-fold) in the 2-deoxyglucose transport and the large external transformation-sensitive protein loss assays. In contrast, we have now found that mezerein and 20-oxo-20-deoxyphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate were respectively 46-fold and more than 75-fold less potent for inducing large external transformation-sensitive protein loss than for stimulating 2-deoxyglucose transport. The activity of mixtures of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with phorbol 12,13-diacetate, with phorbol 12,13,20-triacetate, and with phorbol 13,20-diacetate was measured for stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose transport in CEF. In each case, the compounds acted as independent complete agonists.