gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation study of cached RAID5 designs (2002)

This paper considers the performance of cached RAID5 using simulations that are driven by database I/O traces collected at customer sites. This is in contrast to previous performance studies using analytical modelling or random-number simulations. We studied issues of cache size, disk buffering, cache replacement policies, cache allocation policies, destage policies and striping. Our results indicate that: read caching has considerable value; a small amount of cache should be used for writes fast write logic can reduce disk utilization for writes by an order of magnitude; priority queueing should be supported at the disks; disk buffering prefetch should be used; for large caches, it pays to cache sequentially accessed blocks; RAID5 with cylinder striping is superior to parity striping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis: A Comparative Study of Five Tests (1964)

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis: A Comparative Study of Five Tests Get access I. Davidsohn, M.D., I. Davidsohn, M.D. Departments of Pathology, The Chicago Medical School and Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. L. Lee, M.D. C. L. Lee, M.D. Departments of Pathology, The Chicago Medical School and Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 41, Issue 2, 1 February 1964, Pages 115–125, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/41.2.115 Published: 01 February 1964 Article history Received: 21 September 1963 Accepted: 05 November 1963 Published: 01 February 1964
Obesity in Aging Exacerbates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Hippocampus: Effects on Expression of Genes Involved in Beta-Amyloid Generation and Alzheimer's Disease (2013)

There is growing evidence that obesity has deleterious effects on the brain and cognitive function in the elderly population. However, the specific mechanisms through which aging and obesity interact to promote cognitive decline remain unclear. To test the hypothesis that aging exacerbates obesity-induced cerebromicrovascular damage and neuroinflammation, we compared young (7 months) and aged (24 months) high fat diet-fed obese C57BL/6 mice. Aging exacerbated obesity-induced systemic inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption, as indicated by the increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased presence of extravasated immunoglobulin G in the hippocampus, respectively. Obesity-induced blood-brain barrier damage was associated with microglia activation, upregulation of activating Fc-gamma receptors and proinflammatory cytokines, and increased oxidative stress. Treatment of cultured primary microglia with sera derived from aged obese mice resulted in significantly more pronounced microglia activation and oxidative stress, as compared with treatment with young sera. Serum-induced activation and oxidative stress were also exacerbated in primary microglia derived from aged animals. Hippocampal expression of genes involved in regulation of the cellular amyloid precursor protein-dependent signaling pathways, beta-amyloid generation, and the pathogenesis of tauopathy were largely unaffected by obesity in aged mice. Collectively, obesity in aging is associated with a heightened state of systemic inflammation, which exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption. The resulting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the mouse hippocampus likely contribute to the significant cognitive decline observed in aged obese animals.
Supportsd Liquid-Phass Catalysts (1978)

Abstract A caulysr which is molten at reacdon ramperaauz and dispersed in an inen, porous solid is called an SLP catalyst-a supponwl liq-uid-phase catalyst Design and analysis of catalytic reactions wltb Lncnrpoate many standard methods fmm heterogeneous cadpsis and gaseous reactanzs and produrns and condllcad on SLP Caaiysfs do also miany hceta of unsupported homogeneous uzdysw. Some coacaps are, however, qmte specific for SLP cataiysts, and these will be given spcdal consideradon UI Section III of this review: Tbe importanc of an adequata distribuction of the active components in the support, optimal liquid, and optimal pore structure. Finally, the influence of liqd diffusion on tiae a dyticrjte processes and on tfre composition of tha catalyst rncorponze sewed wque feams oi SLP ataiysfs.
Differential cell cycle phase specificity for neoplastic transformation and mutation to ouabain resistance induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in synchronized C3H10T 1/2 C18 cells. (1982)

The transformable mouse embryo fibroblast cell line C3H10T 1/2 C18 has been employed to study the induction by the carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) of morphological transformation and mutation to ouabain resistance throughout the cell cycle. Cells were synchronized by means of isoleucine deprivation for 24 hr and initiated DNA synthesis with a high degree of synchrony 7.5 hr after release of the isoleucine block. At various intervals throughout the cell cycle cultures were treated with MNNG at 1.0 microgram/ml and the induction of cytotoxicity, morphological transformation, and ouabain-resistant colonies was determined. All three phenomena exhibited marked cell-cycle phase dependency. Maximal induction of transformation occurred in cultured treated 7.5 hr after release from isoleucine deprivation, when the cells were at the G1/S boundary. In contrast, induction of ouabain-resistant colonies was at a minimum at the time of maximal induction of transformation, and peak induction of ouabain resistance did not occur until 16-18 hr after release from the isoleucine block, when cells were in late S phase. A close correlation was observed between the induction of cytotoxicity and of ouabain-resistant mutants. The results suggest that differences exist in the production or cellular processing of the various early lesions.
A multi‐subunit <i>Chlamydia</i> vaccine inducing neutralizing antibodies and strong IFN‐γ<sup>+</sup> CMI responses protects against a genital infection in minipigs (2015)

Chlamydia is the most widespread sexually transmitted bacterial disease and a prophylactic vaccine is highly needed. Ideally, this vaccine is required to induce a combined response of Th1 cell-mediated immune (CMI) response in concert with neutralizing antibodies. Using a novel Göttingen minipig animal model, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a multi-subunit vaccine formulated in the strong Th1-inducing adjuvant CAF01. We evaluated a mixture of two fusion proteins (Hirep1 and CTH93) designed to promote either neutralizing antibodies or cell-mediated immunity, respectively. Hirep1 is a novel immunogen based on the variant domain (VD) 4 region from major outer membrane protein (MOMP) serovar (Sv) D, SvE and SvF, and CTH93 is a fusion molecule of three antigens (CT043, CT414 and MOMP). Pigs were immunized twice intramuscularly with either Hirep1+CTH93/CAF01, UV-inactivated Chlamydia trachomatis SvD bacteria (UV-SvD/CAF01) or CAF01. The Hirep1+CTH93/CAF01 vaccine induced a strong CMI response against the vaccine antigens and high titers of antibodies, particularly against the VD4 region of MOMP. Sera from Hirep1+CTH93/CAF01 immunized pigs neutralized C. trachomatis SvD and SvF infectivity in vitro. Both Hirep1+CTH93/CAF01 and UV-SvD/CAF01 vaccination protected pigs against a vaginal C. trachomatis SvD infection. In conclusion, the Hirep1+CTH93/CAF01 vaccine proved highly immunogenic and equally protective as UV-SvD/CAF01 showing promise for the development of a subunit vaccine against Chlamydia.
Fibrin Gel Investment Associated With Line 1 and Line 10 Solid Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Fibroplasia in Guinea Pigs. Role of Cellular Immunity, Myofibroblasts, Microvascular Damage, and Infarction in Line 1 Tumor Regression<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1979)

Line 1 and line 10 tumors became invested in a fibrin-gel cocoon within hours after transplantation to the subcutaneous spaces of unsensitized syngeneic inbred Sewall Wright strain 2 guinea pigs. The fibrin gel comprised more than 80% of the line 1 tumor mass and, after day 3, became organized and was subsequently replaced by fibrous connective tissue, which gave the tumor the appearance of a scirrhous carcinoma. A cellular infiltrate of lymphocytes and basophils developed at the periphery of line 1 tumors after day 8, and tumors regressed by day 13. The fibrin gel investing the highly malignant line 10 tumors accounted for less than 10% of the tumor mass and persisted without fibrous organization as a tumor grew progressively and invaded adjacent tissues. These data provide new and potentially important insights into the biology of solid tumor growth and the mechanisms of immunologic tumor rejection. Envelopment of tumors in a fibrin gel created an anatomic barrier separating the tumors from the host. Neovascularization mimicking that about line 1 and line 10 tumors was induced by sc fibrin implants; these data suggest that activation of the clotting and/or fibrinolytic systems by tumor cells may itself provide sufficient stimulus for induction of tumor angiogenesis without requiring a separate tumor angiogenesis factor. The scirrhous pattern of growth characteristic of line 1 tumors apparently was achieved by organization of an abundant fibrin gel. Line 1 tumor regression did not for the most part involve direct contacts between tumor cells and any type of inflammatory cell, including macrophages; rather, tumor destruction was effected by ischemic necrosis secondary to widespread microvascular injury. The mechanisms of such injury are uncertain, but tumor rejection was correlated with evidence of developing cellular immunity and anatomic associations between lymphocytes and myofibroblasts. Further experiments will be necessary before these findings can be generalized to other tumor systems.
Standardization issues: in vitro assessment of nebulizer performance. (2002)

The delivery of nebulized drugs is poorly controlled and the choice of the most appropriate delivery device is poorly understood, particularly because of off-license prescriptions and a lack of evidence-based medicine. Standardized in vitro methods for measuring nebulizer performance have been adopted in Europe, by the 2001 publication of a European Standard, prEN13544-1. These standardized methods were subsequently incorporated within the European Respiratory Society nebulizer guidelines, which will provide clinicians with useful information to improve nebulizer therapies. Standards for measuring nebulizer performance should be considered in North America and elsewhere. Careful consideration should be given to either adopting the methods embodied in the European Standard or developing the basis for developing that standard further through the International Standards Organization. Either way, confusion among clinicians would be reduced and nebulizer safety and aerosol delivery efficiency increased by standardizing in vitro methods of nebulizer performance assessment.
Critical thresholds of liver function parameters for ketosis prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (2015)

This study might be of value in addressing novel directions for future research on the connection between ketosis and liver dysfunction.
A comparison of internal plasma parameters in a conventional planar magnetron and a magnetron with additional plasma confinement (1997)

This paper deals with Langmuir probe measurements in a planar magnetron sputtering system in which the plasma confinement near a target can be improved by means of an assembly of permanent magnets placed above the target. The electron density, electron temperature, plasma and floating potentials and electron distribution function are measured in various positions between the target and a substrate under various conditions in the discharge. Our experiments proved that the additional magnetic confinement leads to approximately two times higher electron density and strong enhancement (by about an order of magnitude) of the electron temperature in almost all positions of the deposition system investigated.
Multiresponsive Hyaluronan‐p(NiPAAm) “Click”‐Linked Hydrogels (2014)

Combined reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and chemoselective "click" chemistry are used for assembling two polymeric chains into a hybrid network capable to respond simultaneously or separately to different external stimuli. An azido-derivative of hyaluronate is clicked together with a new telechelic RAFT-generated p(NiPAAm), carrying a propargyl function at both ends, suitable as macromolecular "clickable" cross-linker with controlled molecular weight. This hybrid system displays a multiresponsive behavior versus temperature, pH, and ionic strength, maintaining cumulative as well as separate sensitivities to the external stimuli. Hyaluronidase catalyzed degradation of the hydrogels, mimicking the extracellular matrix degradation process, is an additional asset for the use of this class of hydrogels as scaffold. Tumor cells, HT-29, grow on the surface of these hybrid hydrogels more than the healthy ones, as NIH3T3. This finding opens a road to micro- and nano-devices based on hyaluronic acid as a promising biopolymer to pursue localized drug delivery.
Extremely scaled high-<i>k</i>/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks with low leakage and low interface trap densities (2014)

Highly scaled gate dielectric stacks with low leakage and low interface trap densities are required for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology with III-V semiconductor channels. Here, we show that a novel pre-deposition technique, consisting of alternating cycles of nitrogen plasma and tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium, allows for HfO2 and ZrO2 gate stacks with extremely high accumulation capacitance densities of more than 5 μF/cm2 at 1 MHz, low leakage current, low frequency dispersion, and low midgap interface trap densities (1012 cm−2 eV−1 range). Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that the interface contains TiO2 and small quantities of In2O3, but no detectable Ga- or As-oxides, or As-As bonding. The results allow for insights into the microscopic mechanisms that control leakage and frequency dispersion in high-k/III-V gate stacks.
Functional analysis of the defective T cell regulation of the antigen-specific PFC response in SLE patients: differentiation of suppressor precursor cells to suppressor effector cells. (1982)

The investigation described here is concerned with the T cell regulation of the antigen-specific antibody response which has been studied in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Apart from the fact that T helper cell activity was found to be less efficient, it appeared that the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of patients in an active stage of the disease did not contain the suppressor precursor cells, which functions as the target cell for the inductive signal of T mu+ suppressor inducer cells. The absence of the suppressor precursor cells in SLE patients coincided with the absence of T gamma+ suppressor effector cells. Characterization of the (post-thymic) precursor cells (derived from normal donors) with the aid of monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series and several other markers pointed out that this population contains OKT4+ as well as OKT8+ cells. Further experiments demonstrated that the cells are capable of rosetting with autologous erythrocytes, and do not bear Fc receptors for IgM or IgG. Considering the various findings as a whole the conclusion is warranted that the post-thymic suppressor precursor T cell can differentiate into a suppressor effector cell only after interaction with T suppressor inducer cells.
Bezold-Jarish Reflex during Shoulder Arthroscopy (in the Sitting Position) under Interscalene Block (1997)

Background: We have noted a high incidence of vasovagal episodes associated with use of interscalene block(ISB) for shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position. The purpose of this retrospective study is to alert the possibility of potentially dangerous vasovagal events, describe the characteristics of this problem, and propose therapeutic devices. Methods: Results 62 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position with ISB were retrospectively analyzed. Group 1, 10 patients experienced vasovagal events characterized by sudden hypotension and bradycardia. Remaining 52 patients, Group 2, did not experience these symptoms. All patient charts were reviewed for age, sex, side of surgery, premedication, preoperative fluid and intraoperative medications. Perioperative hemodynamic changes were also compared between the two groups. Results: Vasovagal events experienced in 16% of patients(10/62) and occurred min after sitting position and min after start of operation. Number of patients who receiving anticholinergics for premedication were significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2(2/10 vs. 28/52, p
Unsupervised Mining of Lexical Variants from Noisy Text (2011)

The amount of data produced in user-generated content continues to grow at a stag-gering rate. However, the text found in these media can deviate wildly from the standard rules of orthography, syntax and even seman-tics and present significant problems to down-stream applications which make use of this noisy data. In this paper we present a novel unsupervised method for extracting domain-specific lexical variants given a large volume of text. We demonstrate the utility of this method by applying it to normalize text mes-sages found in the online social media service, Twitter, into their most likely standard English versions. Our method yields a 20 % reduction in word error rate over an existing state-of-the-art approach. 1
Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of lime pretreated wheat straw to ethanol (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of this work is to develop an efficient pretreatment method that can help enzymes break down the complex carbohydrates present in wheat straw to sugars, and to then ferment of all these sugars to ethanol. RESULTS: The yield of sugars from wheat straw (8.6%, w/v) by lime pretreatment (100 mg g −1 straw, 121 °C, 1 h) and enzymatic hydrolysis (45 °C, pH 5.0, 120 h) using a cocktail of three commercial enzyme preparations (cellulase, β‐glucosidase, and xylanase) at the dose level of 0.15 mL of each enzyme preparation g −1 straw was 568 ± 13 mg g −1 (82% yield). The concentration of ethanol from lime pretreated enzyme saccharified wheat straw (78 g) hydrolyzate by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 at pH 6.5 and 35 °C in 24 h was 22.5 ± 0.6 g L −1 with a yield of 0.50 g g −1 available sugars (0.29 g g −1 straw). The ethanol concentration was 20.6 ± 0.4 g L −1 with a yield of 0.26 g g −1 straw in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by the E. coli strain at pH 6.0 and 35 °C in 72 h. CONCLUSION: The results are important in choosing a suitable pretreatment option for developing bioprocess technologies for conversion of wheat straw to fuel ethanol. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
A Weighted K-means Algorithm applied to Brain Tissue Classification (2005)

Tissue classification in Magnetic Resonance (MR) brain images is an important issue in the analysis of several brain dementias. This paper presents a modification of the classical K-means algorithm taking into account the number of times specific features appear in an image, employing, for that purpose, a weighted mean to calculate the centroid of every cluster. Pattern Recognition techniques allow grouping pixels based on features similarity. In this paper, multispectral gray-level intensity MR brain images are used. T1, T2 and PD-weighted images provide different and complementary information about the tissues. Segmentation is performed in order to classify each pixel of the resulting image according to four possible classes: cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), white matter (WM), gray matter (GM) and background. T1, T2 and PD-weighted images are used as patterns. The proposed algorithm weighs the number of pixels corresponding to each set of gray levels in the feature vector. As a consequence, an automatic segmentation of the brain tissue is obtained. The algorithm provides faster results if compared with the traditional K-means, thereby retrieving complementary information from the images.
Representation in case-based reasoning (2005)

A case in case-based reasoning is a contextualized piece of experience, which can be represented in various forms. Traditional approaches can be classified into three main categories: feature vector representations , structured representations , and textual representations . More sophisticated approaches make use of hierarchical representations or generalized cases. For particular tasks such as design and planning highly specific representations have been developed.
MicroRNAs and Tissue Development (2011)

Expression of microRNA (miRNA) in developing murine tissues was studied: focus being on the miR-17-92 cluster (oncomir-1) and two paralogous clusters, miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25. Using microarrays we mapped the miRNA expression profile at selected times during development of two oral tissues: tooth germ and submandibular salivary gland. MiRNA expression in developing liver was also monitored. MiRNA expression was found to be highly abundant during development of these tissues: five of the miRNAs encoded in the miR-17-92 cluster exhibited decreased expression at postnatal stages compared to embryonic stages (Paper I).<br>\nDespite the oncogenic role of the miR-17-92 cluster, the function of the cluster in normal tissue remains unclear. However, studies have implicated the miR-17-92 cluster in development, and the cluster may be involved in regulation of cell cycle. The miR-106b-25 cluster has been associated with analogous functions.<br>\nExpression of the miR-17-92 primary transcript and all miRNAs encoded in this cluster was measured in nine different murine tissues at various developmental stages using real-time PCR. The relative levels of expression all miRNAs encoded in the miR-17-92 cluster exhibited decreased expression during development. Moreover, the pattern of expression of the primary transcript correlated to that of the mature miRNAs, although, the level of expression of the individual miRNAs were markedly different. These observations indicate that the level of expression of miRNAs encoded in the miR-17-92 cluster is regulated at a post-transcriptional level. To investigate possible involvement of members of the miR-17-92 cluster in proliferation the levels of expression of all members of the cluster were monitored at selected cell passages of cultured primary oral keratinocytes. The results indicate miRNAs of the miR-17-92 cluster may promote cell proliferation and inhibit differentiation (Paper II).<br>\nPossible functions of the members of the miR-106a-363 cluster, often considered as non-functional, was investigated by transfecting cells with miR-363* mimic. Transfection with miR-363* mimic led to decreased cellular proliferation and to decreased levels of expression of all miRNAs encoded by the miR-17-92 and miR-106b-25 clusters, suggesting that miR-363* may exert an inhibitory effect on expression of miRNAs derived from paralogous clusters. Therefore, the results suggest that the miRNAs*-species are not always by-products devoid of biological function (Paper III).