gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocontrolled Uptake and Release of Photochromic Haptens by Monoclonal Antibodies. Evidence of Photoisomerization Inside the Hapten-Binding Site (1994)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies against a tetrapeptide carrying a photochromic azobenzene moiety (Glu–azoAla–Gly–Gly, azoAla = l–p–phenylazophenylalanine) were prepared under conditions where the azobenzene moiety was in the trans form. The binding of the hapten peptide to the antibody was investigated by fluorescence quenching of the antibodies by the hapten peptide. The results indicated that the antibodies bind the hapten peptide when the azobenzene moiety is in the trans form, but release the peptide in the cis form. The mechanism of photoreversible binding and release was studied using a pulsed laser light. Photoisomerization of the hapten peptide was found to occur inside the binding site, indicating that the latter is flexible enough to allow the trans–cis photoisomerization within a few ten picoseconds.
Downregulation of sodium transporters and NHERF proteins in IBD patients and mouse colitis models: Potential contributors to IBD-associated diarrhea (2008)

IBD-associated diarrhea may be due to a coordinated downregulation of multiple Na(+) transporter and related regulatory proteins, including NHE1,3, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, and ENaC, as well as NHERF1,2, and ClC-5, all of which are involved directly or indirectly in intestinal Na(+) absorption.
Detection of Bot Infected PCs Using Destination-Based IP and Domain Whitelists During a Non-Operating Term (2008)

Spam e-mails and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have now become critical issues to the Internet. These attacks are considered to be sent from bot infected PCs. As a bot communicates with a malicious controller over an encrypted channel and updates its code frequently, it becomes difficult to detect infected personal computers (PCs) using pattern-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and antivirus systems (AVs). As sending attack and control packets from the bot process are independent of the user operation, a behavior monitor is effective to detect an anomaly communication. In this paper, we propose a bot detection technique that checks outbound packets with destination-based whitelists. If any outbound packets during the non-operating term do not match the whitelists, the PC is considered to be infected by the bot. The whitelists are a set of a destination IP address and/or domain names (DNs) that are listed by monitoring outbound packets from an un-infected PC. Because the many IPs and DNs are grouped into a few sub-networks and superior DNs, it is easier to maintain the destination-based whitelists than the pattern-based IDS/AV. We implement the proposal system as a host-based detector and evaluate false negative (FN) and false positive (FP) frequencies for detection of bot activities.
Design of wide-core planar waveguides by an inverse scattering method (1989)

An inverse scattering method is used to design single-mode planar optical waveguides. Waveguides with wider cores compared with those designed by direct scattering methods are obtained, and a numerical example is given.
Silica‐Supported Zirconium Complexes and their Polyoligosilsesquioxane Analogues in the Transesterification of Acrylates: Part 2. Activity, Recycling and Regeneration (2009)

Abstract The catalytic activity of both supported and soluble molecular zirconium complexes was studied in the transesterification reaction of ethyl acrylate by butanol. Two series of catalysts were employed: three well defined silica‐supported acetylacetonate and n ‐butoxy zirconium(IV) complexes linked to the surface by one or three siloxane bonds, (SiO)Zr(acac) 3 ( 1 ) (SiO) 3 Zr(acac) ( 2 ) and (SiO) 3 Zr(O‐ n ‐Bu) ( 3 ), and their soluble polyoligosilsesquioxy analogues ( c ‐C 5 H 9 ) 7 Si 8 O 12 (CH 3 ) 2 Zr(acac) 3 ( 1′ ), ( c ‐C 5 H 9 ) 7 Si 7 O 12 Zr(acac) ( 2′ ), and ( c ‐C 5 H 9 ) 7 Si 7 O 12 Zr(O‐ n ‐Bu) (3′ ). The reactivity of these complexes were compared to relevant molecular catalysts [zirconium tetraacetylacetonate, Zr(acac) 4 and zirconium tetra‐ n ‐butoxide, Zr(O‐ n‐ Bu) 4 ]. Strong activity relationships between the silica‐supported complexes and their polyoligosilsesquioxane analogues were established. Acetylacetonate complexes were found to be far superior to alkoxide complexes. The monopodal complexes 1 and 1′ were found to be the most active in their respective series. Studies on the recycling of the heterogeneous catalysts showed significant degradation of activity for the acetylacetonate complexes ( 1 and 2 ) but not for the less active tripodal alkoxide catalyst, 3 . Two factors are thought to contribute to the deactivation of catalyst: the lixivation of zirconium by cleavage of surface siloxide bonds and exchange reactions between acetylacetonate ligands and alcohols in the substrate/product solution. It was shown that the addition of acetylacetone to the low activity catalyst Zr(O‐ n‐ Bu) 4 produced a system that was as active as Zr(acac) 4 . The applicability of ligand addition to heterogeneous systems was then studied. The addition of acetylacetone to the low activity solid catalyst 3 produced a highly active catalyst and the addition of a stoichiometric quantity of acetylacetone at each successive batch catalytic run greatly reduced catalyst deactivation for the highly active catalyst 1 .
Densification and microstructure of carbon/carbon composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration using ethanol as precursor (2010)

Chemical vapor infiltration of carbon fiber felts with uniform initial bulk density of 0.47 g·cm-3 was investigated at the ethanol partial pressures of 5–20 kPa,as well as the temperatures of 1050,1100,1150 and 1200°C.Ethanol,diluted by nitrogen,was employed as the precursor of pyrolytic carbon.Polarized light microscopy(PLM),scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were adopted to study the texture of pyrolytic carbon deposited at various temperatures.A change from medium-to high-textured pyrolytic carbon was observed in the sample infiltrated at 1050°C.Whereas,homogeneous high-textured pyrolytic carbons were deposited at the temperatures of 1100,1150 and 1200°C.Extinction angles of 19°–21° were determined for different regions in the samples densified at the temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1200°C.Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surface after bending test indicated that the prepared carbon/carbon composite samples exhibited a pseudo-plastic fracture behavior.In addition,fracture behavior of the carbon/carbon samples was obviously effected by their infiltration temperature.The fracture mode of C/C composites was transformed from shearing failure to tensile breakage with increasing infiltration temperature. Results of this study show that ethanol is a promising carbon source to synthesize carbon/carbon composites with homogeneously high-textured pyrolytic carbon over a wide range of temperatures(from 1100 to 1200°C).
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition of New Indolin-2-Ones (2007)

The design, synthesis and anti HIV-1 replication inhibition of 3-(cyclopropylethynyl)-3-hydroxy-indolin-2-ones, analogues of efavirenz (Sustivatrade mark), are described. Different substituted isatins were used to generate final products that contain pharmacophoric features for RT inhibition, such as the oxoindole and cyclopropylethynyl groups. The suitability of the indolin-2-one ring in the planned compounds in replacement to the benzoxazinone ring of efavirenz was proven, since compound 15 presented a greater activity than efavirenz against HIV-1 replication and was not significantly cytotoxic.
PLL structures for utility connected systems (2002)

This paper presents a detailed analysis of PLL structures for utility connected systems. The three-phase PLL (phase-locked loop) structure capable of fast tracking the utility voltage vector is studied. A single-phase PLL structure, derived from the three-phase PLL topology, is discussed and its behavior under distorted utility conditions is analyzed. Additionally, the conventional zero-crossing PLL is studied and an alternative implementation for this PLL is proposed in order to improve its dynamic behavior. Simulation and experimental results from a DSP-based system are included to support the theoretical analysis.
Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration of Mangifera persiciforma C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming (2012)

A method for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature nucellus (30–40 days old after pollination) of Mangifera persiciforma C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming has been developed. Browning and necrosis of the nucellar explants were effectively controlled by pre-treating in an antioxidant solution and by pre-culturing in liquid medium in a constant temperature shaker. The explants were cultured for 2 weeks in the dark at 23 ± 2°C on induction medium and then moved to the light for 4 weeks at 25 ± 2°C Pro-embryonic masses have gradually been generated from the explants. The pro-embryogenic masses were subcultured on appropriate proliferation medium in the light for 5 weeks at 25 ± 2°C, secondary embryogenesis and organogenesis was observed. Entire plantlets have been produced. Plantlets developed in 3-4 weeks, were acclimatized and transplanted to the greenhouse. Morphogenic competence was sustained for more than one year.
Versatile ω‐end group functionalization of RAFT polymers using functional methane thiosulfonates (2009)

Abstract Five different polymers, poly[methyl methacrylate] (PMMA), poly[lauryl methacrylate] (PLMA), poly[diethylene glycol methacrylate] (PDEGMA), poly[ N ‐isopropylacrylamide] (PNIPA), and poly[styrene] (PS) prepared by the RAFT process and thus terminated with dithioesters were aminolyzed in the presence of S ‐3‐butynyl methane thiosulfonate (MTS), which was synthesized in two steps. Analysis of the polymers by 2D NMR, UV–vis absorbance, and gel permeation chromatography revealed them to quantitatively carry acetylene end groups connected with disulfide bridges, indicating that functional MTS reagents can be employed for end group functionalization of RAFT polymers. This versatile method is of advantage compared with conjugations with functional maleimides, where isolation of terminal thiols is often required but inexpedient for poly[(meth)acrylates] because their terminal thiols may undergo backbiting and thus avoid conjugation. The acetylene‐terminated polymers were bound to an azide functionalized glass surface in a Cu(I) catalyzed cycloaddition. The modified surfaces exhibited water contact angles corresponding to the polarity of the attached polymers. In the case of the stimulus responsive polymers PNIPA and PDEGMA, the surfaces showed temperature‐dependent contact angles. The disulfide bond connecting the polymers to the surface could be selectively cleaved and resulted in all surfaces having the same contact angle, independent of the nature of the polymer prior attached to the surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3118–3130, 2009
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview (2002)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) includes a spectrum of clinicopathological conditions with increasing prevalence in the developed world. Although steatosis alone seems to have a benign course, those patients with the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can have a progressive course. Additionally, there is now evolving, indirect evidence that some of the patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis may be the result of 'burned-out' NASH. Although NAFL and NASH are associated with insulin-resistance syndrome, some patients with NAFL may have no obvious risk factors. Despite preliminary data from a number of pilot studies, no established therapies can be offered to patients with NASH. Over the next few years, a number of exciting research projects dealing with the epidemiology as well as the pathogenesis of NAFL are expected to be completed. It is anticipated that, through a better understanding of NAFL, more effective treatment protocols can be developed targeting only those patients with NASH that are at the highest risk for progression to cirrhosis and liver failure.
Differential perfusion: potential complication of femoral-femoral bypass during single lung transplantation. (1991)

Single lung transplantation may be performed without pump oxygenation in the majority of patients. From April 1987 to August 1989, 3 of 12 patients undergoing single lung transplantation required pump oxygenation. One patient required pump oxygenation because of a marked drop in oxygen saturation during test clamping of the pulmonary artery; one patient was brought to the operating room while receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; and one patient had such markedly elevated pulmonary artery pressures that pump oxygenation was used to lower pressure in the pulmonary circuit, allowing safe pulmonary artery clamping. These three patients had cannulas placed in the femoral vein and femoral artery. The latter two patients manifested marked upper body oxygen desaturation while maintaining excellent lower body oxygen saturation during their transplant procedures. Ventricular fibrillation, induced by alternating current, was used as a means to correct this differential perfusion. Should pump oxygenation be necessary during single lung transplantation, the region of the body adjacent to the arterial cannula may be perfused with oxygenated blood, and the remainder of the patient may be perfused with deoxygenated blood. Induced ventricular fibrillation is one method to correct this potentially fatal problem.
A low-power wideband polar transmitter for 3G applications (2011)

So far all mainstream transmitters for WCDMA are of the direct upconversion type. This architecture is versatile but requires calibration of the imbalance in its quadrature branches and DC offset at its inputs, and it is vulnerable to mixer noise. We believe it consumes more power and chip area than is warranted, and propose the polar transmitter as an alternative. Although it has been widely discussed as the ideal transmitter for EDGE, the polar architecture has yet to make significant inroads there, let alone into wideband CDMA. We will describe new circuits that enable a compact, largely self-calibrated polar transmitter, whose lower power and chip area put it ahead of state-of-the-art direct upconversion transmitters.
Enhancement of activity of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for growth inhibition and differentiation induction of human myelomonocytic leukemia cells by tretinoin tocoferil, an alpha-tocopherol ester of all- trans retinoic acid (1996)

Tretinoin tocoferil is an alpha-tocopherol ester of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and safely used in the treatment of skin ulcer. Tretinoin tocoferil inhibited proliferation of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and induced granulocytic differentiation of the cells, but less than RA. alpha-Tocopherol did not affect differentiation of HL-60 cells, but at high concentrations enhanced its nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing activity and expression of surface antigen CD11b, which are markers of myelomonocytic differentiation induced by RA. Tretinoin tocoferil increased NBT reduction in HL-60 cells treated with RA. It also enhanced the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide, phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate or 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3). In combination with a low concentration of VD3, it induced the NBT-reducing activity of human monoblastic U937 cells very effectively. Moreover, it enhanced the differentiation of human myelomonocytic ML-1, THP-1, P39/TSU, and P31/FUJ cells induced by VD3. In combination with VD3, it synergistically inhibited the proliferation of HL-60, U937, ML-1, THP-1, P39/TSU, and P31/FUJ cells and decreased the effective concentration of VD3 to a 10(-10) mol/L level. Because tretinoin tocoferil was reported to induce neither retinoid-related toxicity nor teratogenicity, the therapeutic advantage of the use of it in treatment of myelomonocytic leukemia is suggested.
Machine Learning Models for Estimating Quality of Transmission in DWDM Networks (2018)

It is estimated that 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) will impact traffic, both in volume and dynamicity, at unprecedented rates. Thus, to cost-efficiently accommodate these challenging requirements, optical networks must become more responsive to changes impacting the traffic and network state as well as operate more closely to optimality. In this context, knowledge-defined networking (KDN) promises to play a paramount role in improving network flexibility and automation. KDN is a solution that introduces reasoning processes and machine learning techniques into the control plane of the network, enabling it to operate autonomously and faster. One of the key aspects in this environment is the accurate validation of lightpaths. Accurate lightpath validation demands running computationally intensive performance models, which can be time-consuming and impact time-critical applications (e.g., optical channel restoration). This work evaluates the effectiveness of various machine learning models when used to predict the quality of transmission (QoT) of an unestablished lightpath, speeding up the process of lightpath provisioning. Three network scenarios to efficiently generate the knowledge database used to train the models are proposed as well as an overview of the most-used machine learning models. The considered models are: K-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks. Results show that, in general, all machine learning models are able to correctly predict the QoT of more than 90% of the lightpaths. However, the artificial neural networks (ANN) model is the model presenting better generalization, being able to correctly predict the QoT of almost 99.9% of the lightpaths. Moreover, ANN is able to estimate the residual margin of a lightpath with an average error of only 0.4 dB.
<i>Leishmania</i>requires Rab7-mediated degradation of endocytosed hemoglobin for their growth (2008)

Leishmania is unable to synthesize heme and must acquire it from exogenous source, the mechanism of which is not known. We have shown that Leishmania endocytoses hemoglobin (Hb) and subsequently degrade it probably to generate heme. To understand how internalized Hb is degraded, we have cloned and expressed Rab7 homolog from Leishmania donovani. Interestingly, Rab7 in Leishmania is found to be localized both on early and late endocytic compartment and regulates both uptake and degradation of endocytosed Hb demonstrating that Rab7 in Leishmania play a very unique role connecting both early and late events of Hb endocytosis. Our data also indicate that overexpression of Rab7:WT in Leishmania induces transport of Hb to lysosomes and rapidly degrade internalized Hb. Whereas Hb transport to lysosomes and its degradation is significantly inhibited in cells overexpressing Rab7:T21N, a GDP locked mutant of Rab7. Moreover, cells overexpressing Rab7:T21N grow at a slower rate (<50%) compared with control Leishmania. Addition of exogenous hemin recovers the growth of Rab7:T21N mutant cells almost to the control level, suggesting that intracellular heme generated by Rab7-mediated Hb degradation is required for optimal growth of the parasites. Thus, our results identify a potential target which might be exploited to suppress the growth of Leishmania.
Responding to State Failure in Africa (1997)

October 01 1997 Responding to State Failure in Africa Richard Joseph, Richard Joseph Richard Joseph, the Asa G. Candler Professor of Political Science at Emory University, was a Visiting Professor of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1995-97. He is a former fellow for African Governance at the Carter Center at Emory, and is currently writing a book on armed conflict and peacemaking in Liberia. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Jeffrey Herbst Jeffrey Herbst Jeffrey Herbst is Associate Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Richard Joseph Richard Joseph, the Asa G. Candler Professor of Political Science at Emory University, was a Visiting Professor of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1995-97. He is a former fellow for African Governance at the Carter Center at Emory, and is currently writing a book on armed conflict and peacemaking in Liberia. Jeffrey Herbst Jeffrey Herbst is Associate Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs. Online ISSN: 1531-4804 Print ISSN: 0162-2889 © 1997 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.1997 International Security (1997) 22 (2): 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.22.2.175 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Richard Joseph, Jeffrey Herbst; Responding to State Failure in Africa. International Security 1997; 22 (2): 175–184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.22.2.175 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsInternational Security Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting prevention (2000)

The significance of drinking green tea in prevention of two of the main lifestyle-related diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease, was demonstrated in terms of a prospective cohort study on a total of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. On the basis of the follow-up study, we revealed decreased relative risk of cancer incidence for those consuming over 10 cups a day, compared with those consuming below 3 cups: 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.34) for men, 0.57 (0.34-0.98) for women, and 0.59 (0.35-0.98) for both sexes. Furthermore, a significant delay in cancer onset was associated with increased consumption of green tea. Next, decreased relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease was 0.58 (0.34-0.99) for men, 0.82 (0.49-1.38) for women, and 0.72 (0.60-1.04) for members of both sexes consuming over 10 cups a day. Finally, we evaluated the life-prolonging effects of drinking green tea on cumulative survival, using the life table.
Expression of cytokeratin 20 in urinary cytology of patients with bladder carcinoma. (1998)

These results indicate that CK-20 is a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection of bladder carcinoma by assaying uroepithelial cells from the voided urine specimen with RT-PCR.
Biological screening of Italian medicinal plants for anti‐inflammatory activity (1987)

Abstract Plants of 27 families, encompassing 75 species, have been selected on the basis of medicinal folklore. They are being studied in a broad screening programme for their anti‐inflammatory activity, using carrageenin foot oedema in rats. Only 4 species were very active, inhibiting carrageenin foot oedema by 42 to 74%, but overall 72% exhibited some anti‐inflammatory activity.