gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precoding for generalized frequency division multiplexing with linear receivers (2017)

Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is a recently proposed multicarrier modulation technique. Due to its flexibility and many desired features compared to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), GFDM is considered as a potential airinterface technique for the next generation wireless networks. However, GFDM suffers from self interference due to the non-orthogonality of its subcarriers. In this paper, we propose two novel precoding techniques to achieve better bit error rate (BER) performance in GFDM systems with linear receivers. The two-stage precoding that we present here achieves higher diversity gain with a reduced complexity linear MMSE receiver, when compared with GFDM system with no precoding and conventional MMSE receiver. Assuming full channel state information at both ends of the communication link, we propose another precoding method based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Coordinate Interleaving (CI), which we refer to as SVD-CI. By interleaving the coordinates of the symbols sent over different eigen-subchannels of the channel matrix, SVD-CI achieves significant improvement in the BER performance, compared to the SVD precoding proposed earlier. We present the BER performance of the proposed precoding schemes, obtained through Monte Carlo simulations, to validate our claims.
Age-Related Effects of Diuretics in Hypertensive Subjects (1988)

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology™ is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, clinical results with new and established agents and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Effectiveness of DUPACK-independent TCP in Coded Wireless Mesh Networks (2011)

While the TCP throughput degradation problem in coded wireless mesh networks is well-known, few effective solutions have been proposed. Most schemes proposed attempts to mask packet reordering by ordering packets at a lower layer or to adjust a packet transmission rate to solve the scarcity problem of coding opportunities. Through the throughput comparison of traditional standard TCP variants, we show that losses and duplication of TCP acknowledgements in coded wireless mesh networks can impact throughput. In addition, we show that a TCP variant that does not rely on duplicate acknowledgements is more suitable for coded wireless mesh networks.
Securing wireless communications of connected vehicles with artificial intelligence (2017)

This work applies artificial intelligence (AI) to secure wireless communications of Connected Vehicles. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) facilitates exchange of safety messages for collision avoidance, leading to self-driving cars. An AI system continuously learns to augment its ability in discerning and recognizing its surroundings. Such ability plays a vital role in evaluating the authenticity and integrity of safety messages for cars driven by computers. Falsification of meter readings, disablement of brake function, and other unauthorized controls by spoofed messages injected into VANET emerge as security threats. Countermeasures must be considered at design stage, as opposed to afterthought patches, effectively against cyber-attacks. However, current standards oversubscribe security measures by validating every message circulating among Connected Vehicles, making VANET subject to denial-of-service (DoS) Attacks. This interdisciplinary research shows promising results by searching the pivot point to balance between message authentication and DoS prevention, making security measures practical for the real-world deployment of Connected Vehicles. Message authentication adopts Context-Adaptive Signature Verification strategy, applying AI filters to reduce both communication and computation overhead. Combining OMNET++, a data network simulator, and SUMO, a road traffic simulator, with Veins, an open source framework for VANET simulation, the study evaluates AI filters comparatively under various attacking scenarios. The results lead to an effective design choice of securing wireless communications for Connected Vehicles.
TFTR initial operations (1983)

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) has operated since December 1982 with ohmically heated plasmas. Routine operation with feedback control of plasma current, position, and density has been obtained for plasmas with I/sub p/ approx. = 800 kA, a = 68 cm, R = 250 cm, and B/sub t/ = 27 kG. A maximum plasma current of 1 MA was achieved with q approx. = 2.5. Energy confinement times of approx. 150 msec were measured for hydrogen and deuterium plasmas with anti n/sub e/ approx. = 2 x 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/, T/sub e/ (0) approx. = 1.5 keV, T/sub i/ (0) approx. = 1.5 keV, and Z/sub eff/ approx. = 3. The preliminary results suggest a size-cubed scaling from PLT and are consistent with Alcator C scaling where tau approx. nR/sup 2/a. Initial measurements of plasma disruption characteristics indicate current decay rates of approx. 800 kA in 8 ms which is within the TFTR design requirement of 3 MA in 3 ms.
Rescued Mice with Hb E Transgene‐Developed Red Cell Changes Similar to Human β‐Thalassemia/HbE Disease (2005)

A novel C57BL/6 transgenic murine model of HbE has been developed, and the heterotetrameric ((m)alpha2(h)beta(E)2) hemoglobin shows significant complementation of mild thalassemia phenotype in double heterozygous (beta(m+)beta(m-), beta(hE)) and homozygous knockout (beta(m-)beta(m-), beta(hE)) mice with 100% heterotetrameric hemoglobin. Lethal homozygous beta-thalassemic mice rescued by HbE transgenes mimic beta-thalassemia/HbE phenotype in human. Although anemia was not pronounced, other hematologic parameters were abnormally similar to beta-knockout mice. Flow cytometric study revealed a highly oxidative status in the red cells, but there were no marked changes in PS red cells and RBC vesicles. RBC life span and half-time of rescued red cells were shortened, indicating a rapid RBC destruction.
Current Thyroid Cancer Trends in the United States (2014)

There is an ongoing epidemic of thyroid cancer in the United States. The epidemiology of the increased incidence, however, suggests that it is not an epidemic of disease but rather an epidemic of diagnosis. The problem is particularly acute for women, who have lower autopsy prevalence of thyroid cancer than men but higher cancer detection rates by a 3:1 ratio.
Metal/Ligand-Induced Formation of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers (2005)

The use of metal−ligand binding as the driving force for the self-assembly polymerizations of a ditopic ligand offers a facile route to the preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Such metallo-supramolecular polymers potentially offer the functionality of the metal ion along with the processability of a polymer. We report, herein, the preparation and investigation of a series of metallo-supramolecular polymers prepared from three different (macro)monomer units. One monomer has a penta(ethylene glycol) core while the other two consist of poly(tetrahydrofuran) cores of different molecular weights (Mn = 2000 or 4800 g mol-1). Attached to either end of these polyether chains is the terdentate ligand 2,6-bis(benzimidazolyl)-4-oxypyridine. Addition of a metal ion (e.g., Fe(II), Co(II), Zn(II), or Cd(II)), which can bind to the ligand in 1:2 ratio, to a solution of the (macro)monomer results in the self-assembly of linear supramolecular polymers. Viscosity studies demonstrate the formation of self-assembling aggregates and mechanically stable films can be obtained by casting from solution. A series of studies (including DSC, DMA, TGA, and WAXD) were carried out in order to examine the solid-state properties of the films. The metallo-supramolecular polymers, which have the largest poly(tetrahydrofuran) core, form thermoplastic elastomeric films in which the ionic blocks and soft poly(tetrahydrofuran) segments are phase separated.
Studies on sulfinatodehalogenation:The reaction of polyfluoroalkyl iodides and bromides with sodium bisulfite (1996)

Without oxidant, sodium bisulfite reacted with polyfluoroalkyl iodides and bromides in aqueous DMF solution to give the corresponding sulfinates in good yields.
Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications (1992)

Endocrine-paracrine cells of the prostate (also known as APUD or neuroendocrine cells) constitute, in addition to the basal and exocrine secretory cells, a third population of highly specialized epithelial cells in the prostate gland. These endocrine-paracrine cells contain, and most likely secrete, serotonin and calcitonin, as well as variety of other peptides. Little is known of the functional role of these cells, but they probably subserve a paracrine or local regulatory role. They may also regulate via endocrine, lumencrine, or neurocrine mechanisms. These endocrine-paracrine cells probably play a significant role during prostatic growth and differentiation as well as regulating the secretory process of the mature gland. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma occurs in the form of the relatively rare small cell carcinoma and carcinoid or carcinoid-like tumor, but most commonly as focal neuroendocrine differentiation in a conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma that is a very frequent, if not ubiquitous phenomenon, and reflects tumor cell heterogeneity mimicking the normal differentiation process. The world's literature on neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma is reviewed. Neuroendocrine differentiation in all types of prostatic carcinoma appears to correlate with a poor prognosis. This correlation is probably multifactorial and may relate to a positive correlation with grade, a direct resistance to hormonal manipulation, and/or autocrine/paracrine growth factor activity due to the secretion of neuroendocrine products. Neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin, as well as other neuroendocrine products, may be useful as serum markers in patients with prostatic carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. New therapeutic strategies need to be developed to treat these tumors. This includes the use of specialized protocols that have been effective against neuroendocrine carcinomas arising in other organ systems.
Real-Time Measurement of a Viewer's Position to Evaluate a Stereoscopic LED Display with a Parallax Barrier (2004)

Our goal is to realize an extra-large stereoscopic display in the open air for use by the general public. We have developed a stereoscopic large display by use of a full-color LED panel. Although the developed display enables viewers to view the stereoscopic images without any special glasses, it is necessary for the viewers to move to stand within the viewing areas. Movements of the viewers are considered to depend on arrangements of viewing areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the movements of viewers who watch different designs of stereoscopic LED displays with a parallax barrier, including conventional designs to provide multiple perspective images and designs to eliminate pseudoscopic viewing areas, and evaluate the performance of different viewing areas based on the obtained paths of the viewers. We have developed a real-time measurement system of a viewer's position by use of a camera on the ceiling. We have recorded the viewing movements caused by the shift of viewing areas. It was found that the viewers moved to stand on orthoscopic viewing positions. The movements of viewers who move to find a viewing area have been recorded with different designs of stereoscopic LED displays that provide different viewing areas. We have calculated the lateral moving time of the viewers'movements. It is shown that the elimination of pseudoscopic viewing areas reduces the lateral moving time. Thus, the real-time measurement system of a viewer's position has been utilized for evaluation of performance of the different designs of stereoscopic LED displays.
Human and murine amniotic fluid c-Kit+Lin− cells display hematopoietic activity (2009)

We have isolated c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells from both human and murine amniotic fluid (AF) and investigated their hematopoietic potential. In vitro, the c-Kit(+)Lin(-) population in both species displayed a multilineage hematopoietic potential, as demonstrated by the generation of erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. In vivo, cells belonging to all 3 hematopoietic lineages were found after primary and secondary transplantation of murine c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells into immunocompromised hosts, thus demonstrating the ability of these cells to self-renew. Gene expression analysis of c-Kit(+) cells isolated from murine AF confirmed these results. The presence of cells with similar characteristics in the surrounding amnion indicates the possible origin of AF c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells. This is the first report showing that cells isolated from the AF do have hematopoietic potential; our results support the idea that AF may be a new source of stem cells for therapeutic applications.
Simultaneous Amperometric Measurement of Ascorbate and Catecholamine Secretion from Individual Bovine Adrenal Medullary Cells (1995)

Secretion of ascorbate and catecholamines from single bovine adrenal medullary cells has been detected with amperometry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Two carbon-fiber electrodes were employed. One was beveled, and voltammograms at this electrode showed overlap of the responses for ascorbate and the catecholamines. The other was beveled and electrochemically oxidized to shift the ascorbate oxidation wave to potentials more negative than that of the catecholamines. Thus, at an applied potential of 0.05 V vs SSCE, ascorbate was selectively oxidized at the treated electrode and both catecholamines and ascorbate were oxidized at an applied potential of 0.65 V at the untreated electrode. Exocytotic release from the cell was stimulated with K+, nicotine, and digitonin. Nicotine and K+ depolarize the cell membrane and elicit vesicular release. Digitonin is a detergent that reacts with cholesterol in the plasma membrane and causes the formation of pores. Ascorbate efflux from individual cells could be induced by digitonin but not by K+ or nicotine and was observed as a single peak with a full width at half-maximum of 4 s. In contrast, catecholamine release was observed as many rapid, sequential current spikes when the cell was exposed to either digitonin, K+, or nicotine. The two different types of release show that ascorbate and catecholamines are being released from two different cellular compartments. The calcium independence of the digitonin-induced ascorbate release provides additional evidence that ascorbate is released by a nonexocytotic process.
A 10Gb/s IEEE 802.3an-Compliant Ethernet Transceiver for 100m UTP Cable in 0.13¿m CMOS (2008)

A transceiver for IEEE802.3an Ethernet standard, implemented in 0.13mum dual-gate 1.2/2.5V digital CMOS process, consists of a 4-lane AFE running at 800MS/s and a digital processor (DP) in 25x25mm2 BGA package. Power consumption is 10.5W when the transceiver is transmitting and receiving at 10Gb/s over 100m of UTP cable. The transceiver supports interoperability with 100 and 1000Mb/s Ethernet transceivers. The AFE occupies 55mm2 and the DP occupies 150mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Thermal and environmental stability of semi-transparent perovskite solar cells for tandems by a solution-processed nanoparticle buffer layer and sputtered ITO electrode (2016)

Thermal and environmental stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells remains a major barrier to their commercialization. The industry standard transparent electrode, ITO, has good optoelectronic properties and high stability. We introduce a robust buffer layer by solution-processing AZO nanoparticles, enabling a sputtered amorphous ITO layer without damaging the underlying device. We make both semitransparent cells (12.3%) and mechanically stacked tandems (12.3% + 5.7% = 18.0%) using monocrystalline-silicon solar cells as the bottom cell. We operate the inverted-architecture, semitransparent perovskite solar cell without additional sealing in ambient atmosphere under one-sun equivalent visible illumination and measure a Ts0 lifetime of 124 hours at 100°C.
Role of trimethylgallium exposure time in carbon doping and high temperature atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs (1991)

The window for the ALE self limited growth of GaAs can be expanded by reducing the gas phase decomposition. We found that the exposure time to TMGa flux is critical and has to be reduced for ALE to be achieved at high growth temperature. An ALE reactor was used which allows minimum gas heating, short exposure time, and sudden termination of the gas exposure without relying on the diffusion of gases away from the substrate surface. ALE was achieved in the 450–700 °C temperature range. Carbon doping in the 1015–1020/cm3 range was also achieved by adjusting the exposure time and the growth temperature. The combined role of gas phase decomposition and surface reaction are proposed to explain these results.
BASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION OF BIS(DIETHYLPHOSPHONOMETHYL)-PHOSPHINIC AMIDES WITH ALDEHYDES<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Abstract The reaction of the mono anion of bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)phosphinic amides (3) with aldehydes gives varying amounts of diethyl alkyl- or arylethenylphosphonates (10) and diethylphosphonomethylalkyl- or arylethenylphosphinic amides (7). When R in 3 is N,N-di-n-propylamino or N-cydohexyl-N-methylamino, the predominate product is 7 and this condensation is a satisfactory synthesis of vinylphosphinic amides which are potential antimetabolites of organic pyrophosphates.
'One-Pot' Synthesis of Sulphinic Esters from Disulphides (1988)

Alkane- and arenesulphinic esters can conveniently be prepared from disulphides and alcohols using N-bromosuccinimide or a combination of 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and N-bromosuccinimide.
Accurate and repeatable mask defect measurements for quarter-micron technology (1997)

A highly repeatable and accurate mask defect measurement has been developed. Defects from 0.1 to 1.5 microns in diameter are measured by computing the total light absorbed or transmitted by a defect. RMS repeatability of better than 9 nanometers on 0.4 micron defects has been achieved. Reliable measurement of defect size is important for developing lithography technologies for smaller geometries, and for commercial mask production. As mask feature sizes have dropped below the wavelength of visible light, getting reliable defect size measurement has become nearly impossible. Even scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements have not yet proven reliable even though they provide resolutions down to a few nanometers. This technique of measuring flux absorption or transmission allows reliable measurement of defects that are several times smaller than the wavelength of light used to examine them, with repeatability of 2 - 10 nanometers, depending on the image source. Transmitted light images are acquired from KLA-3xx, Starlight, KLA-219, DRS-1, DRS-2, or other video microscopes. Then the amount of light flux absorbed (by a spot or chrome extension), or transmitted (by a hole or clear intrusion) is measured. That change in flux is converted to an area, which can then be converted to a diameter. This system is currently in use in several large mask shops. It promises to be a powerful QA and analysis tool for developing masks for .25 micron and smaller geometries. Accuracy and repeatability tests have been performed on reference defects on Dupont VeriMasks, and using PSL spheres. Repeatability is limited by vibration of the image and by pixel artifacts in the images from KLA-3xx machines. Accuracy cannot be objectively assessed because there is no 'NIST traceable' reference for defect sizes. However, chrome defect size appears to be linearly correlated to absorbed or transmitted flux, as one would expect from the physics, so defect area accuracy is expected to be similar to the repeatability, around 10 nanometers. This technique does not easily provide separate x- and y- dimensions for non-round defects smaller than the wavelength of light used in the microscope (typically 0.5 micron). Larger defects can be measured in two dimensions using conventional techniques, and Fourier transform techniques can be used to provide useful estimates of x- and y- dimensions of smaller defects.
Diameter Overload Control Requirements (2013)

When a Diameter server or agent becomes overloaded, it needs to be able to gracefully reduce its load, typically by advising clients to reduce traffic for some period of time. Otherwise, it must continue to expend resources parsing and responding to Diameter messages, possibly resulting in a progressively severe overload condition. The existing Diameter mechanisms are not sufficient for managing overload conditions. This document describes the limitations of the existing mechanisms. Requirements for new overload management mechanisms are also provided. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
Bacillus As Potential Probiotics: Status, Concerns, and Future Perspectives (2017)

Spore-forming bacilli are being explored for the production and preservation of food for many centuries. The inherent ability of production of large number of secretory proteins, enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, vitamins, and carotenoids specifies the importance of bacilli in food chain. Additionally, <i>Bacillus</i> spp. are gaining interest in human health related functional food research coupled with their enhanced tolerance and survivability under hostile environment of gastrointestinal tract. Besides, bacilli are more stable during processing and storage of food and pharmaceutical preparations, making them more suitable candidate for health promoting formulations. Further, <i>Bacillus</i> strains also possess biotherapeutic potential which is connected with their ability to interact with the internal milieu of the host by producing variety of antimicrobial peptides and small extracellular effector molecules. Nonetheless, with proposed scientific evidences, commercial probiotic supplements, and functional foods comprising of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. had not gained much credential in general population, since the debate over probiotic <i>vs</i> pathogen tag of <i>Bacillus</i> in the research and production terrains is confusing consumers. Hence, it's important to clearly understand the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of selective beneficial <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and their substantiation with those having GRAS status, to reach a consensus over the same. This review highlights the probiotic candidature of spore forming <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and presents an overview of the proposed health benefits, including application in food and pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, the growing need to evaluate the safety of individual <i>Bacillus</i> strains as well as species on a case by case basis and necessity of more profound analysis for the selection and identification of <i>Bacillus</i> probiotic candidates are also taken into consideration.