gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nisin production from Lactococcus lactis A.T.C.C. 7962 using supplemented whey permeate (2001)

The influence of pH control and aeration (20% dissolved oxygen) on nisin production in a supplemented cheese whey permeate was examined during batch fermentation with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis A.T.C.C. 7962. A maximum nisin activity of 5280 i.u./ml of medium was observed in the raw extract of nisin after 9 h of fermentation with a constant pH at 4.9. However, the fermentation was continued until 24 h, when a decrease in the nisin activity was observed. The pH control did not influence the nisin production and aeration of the culture medium increased cell growth (biomass) but not nisin activity. The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, used as an alternative method to control pH, has not been efficient.
Rosiglitazone activation of PPARγ suppresses fractalkine signaling (2009)

The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a key transcriptional regulator of both lipid metabolism and inflammation. The importance of PPARgamma is accentuated by the widespread use of synthetic PPARgamma agonists, thiazolidinediones (such as rosiglitazone), as drugs for insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Fractalkine (FKN) and FKN receptor (FR) play an important role in the immune responses by regulating leukocyte migration and adhesion to inflamed peripheral tissues. In this study, we have identified a novel link between PPARgamma activation and FKN signaling. On one hand, the activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone in macrophages not only represses the transcription of the FR gene, but also prevents the plasma membrane translocation of the FR protein. On the other hand, the activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone in endothelial cells also impedes the nuclear export of FKN. Together, these data suggest that PPARgamma activation represses FKN signaling. These findings indicate a previously unrecognized mechanism that may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of PPARgamma.
Correlation between Serum Resistin Level and Adiposity in Obese Individuals (2003)

Resistin appears to be related to human adiposity and to be a possible candidate factor in human insulin resistance.
Characterization of reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistor and its application to biosensor (2014)

We confirmed the specific detection of immunoglobulin E (IgE) using an aptamer-immobilized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) field effect transistor (FET). The detection limit and dynamic range were estimated to be 8.1 ng/ml and 10 4 , respectively. These characteristics are comparable with these of current fluorescent markers. Although the mobility of rGO-FET was around 6 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , which is two to three orders lower than that of mechanically exfoliated pristine graphene FET, its sensitivity to IgE was only one order lower than that of pristine graphene FET.
Heterocyclic compounds from urea derivatives. Part XVII. Reactions of 1-phenylcarbonohydrazide and 1-phenylthiocarbonohydrazide with carbodi-imides (1970)

Equimolar quantities of 1-phenylcarbonohydrazide and diarylcarbodi-imides react additively in dimethylformamide, giving good yields of 1-NN′-diarylamidino-5-phenylcarbonohydrazides. These are readily cyclised by aqueous alkali to 4-anilino-3-arylamino-1,2,4-triazolin-5-ones, with loss of arylamine. Thermolysis effects the same cyclisation, but produces additionally (and sometimes exclusively) 4-aryl-3-arylamino-1,2,4-triazolin-5-ones, with elimination of phenylhydrazine.1-NN′-Diarylamidino-5-phenylthiocarbonohydrazides are obtained analogously from 1-phenylthiocarbonohydrazide, and are converted by aqueous alkali into 4-anilino-3-arylamino-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thiones. Corresponding members of the thioxo- and oxo-1,2,4-triazoline series are convertible into each other. In contrast, ethanolic alkali simultaneously dehydrogenates and cyclises 1-NN′-diarylamidino-5-phenylthiocarbonohydrazides to 2-arylamino-5-phenylazo-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, the structure of which is confirmed by their synthesis from 2-amino-5-anilino-1,3,4-thiadiazole and nitrosobenzene. 2-Anilino-5-phenylazo-1,3,4-thiadiazole yields a monoacetyl and two isomeric monobenzyl-derivatives.
Culture, But Not Common Grace (2003)

The article below, written by Rev. Steven R. Key, Pastor of the Hull Protestant Reformed Church in Hull, Iowa, is the expanded and revised version of his response to Dr. Richard Mouw's presentation on common grace, September 9, 2002, at a public forum on Pastors' Day at Dordt College.
Activated eosinophils infiltrate MCF-7 breast multicellular tumor spheroids. (2003)

These data strongly indicate that cytokines like IL-4 and perhaps other eosinophil mediators are capable of killing and inhibiting tumor growth; they suggest that tumor infiltrating eosinophils can degranulate and release toxic inhibitory factors into the tumor milieu which destroy the surrounding tumor. These observations, along with the use of the eosinophil: MTS tumor model provide a unique model system for in depth studies of the role of eosinophils and the cytokines they produce in breast cancer and may offer potential therapeutic implications.
Cooperative Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles Using a Carbon Nanotube–Rhodium Nanohybrid (2015)

Rhodium nanoparticles were anchored on carbon nanotubes and the resulting nanohybrid was studied as co-catalyst, along with tert-butylcatechol, for the dehydrogenation of various N-heterocycles. The co-catalytic system operates in high yields, under the mildest conditions reported so far, and can be applied to a wide variety of secondary amine-containing scaffolds.
Calicheamicins, a novel family of antitumor antibiotics. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties. (1989)

A novel family of antitumor antibiotics, the calicheamicins, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Micromonospora echinospora subsp. calichensis. These antibiotics exhibited significant activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Calicheamicin gamma 1I demonstrated antitumor activity against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma in vivo.
Hybrid Composite Laminates Reinforced with Kevlar/Carbon/Glass Woven Fabrics for Ballistic Impact Testing (2014)

Current study reported a facile method to investigate the effects of stacking sequence layers of hybrid composite materials on ballistic energy absorption by running the ballistic test at the high velocity ballistic impact conditions. The velocity and absorbed energy were accordingly calculated as well. The specimens were fabricated from Kevlar, carbon, and glass woven fabrics and resin and were experimentally investigated under impact conditions. All the specimens possessed equal mass, shape, and density; nevertheless, the layers were ordered in different stacking sequence. After running the ballistic test at the same conditions, the final velocities of the cylindrical AISI 4340 Steel pellet showed how much energy was absorbed by the samples. The energy absorption of each sample through the ballistic impact was calculated; accordingly, the proper ballistic impact resistance materials could be found by conducting the test. This paper can be further studied in order to characterise the material properties for the different layers.
Online Streaming Feature Selection (2010)

We study an interesting and challenging problem, online streaming feature selection, in which the size of the feature set is unknown, and not all features are available for learning while leaving the number of observations constant. In this problem, the candidate features arrive one at a time, and the learner's task is to select a best so far set of features from streaming features. Standard feature selection methods cannot perform well in this scenario. Thus, we present a novel framework based on feature relevance. Under this framework, a promising alternative method, Online Streaming Feature Selection (OSFS), is presented to online select strongly relevant and non-redundant features. In addition to OSFS, a faster Fast-OSFS algorithm is proposed to further improve the selection efficiency. Experimental results show that our algorithms achieve more compactness and better accuracy than existing streaming feature selection algorithms on various datasets.
Mikrobiologische Kohleentschwefelung (1988)

Abstract SO 2 emissions arising by burning of coal represent an important ecological problem. Therefore, in international scale it is worked today in the development of techniques for solving this problem. A possibility consists in the microbial conversion of sulphur compounds of coal before its burning into compounds which not produce SO 2 by burning. Sulphur is bound in inorganic and organic form in coal. The composition may strongly differ in dependence on the kind of coal and its deposit. For the bioconversion of different sulphur compounds specific microorganisms were used. The paper gives an overview about the situation and the tendencies of the research in this field and also some informations of our own research.
Multi-compartment encapsulation of communicating droplets and droplet networks in hydrogel as a model for artificial cells (2017)

Constructing a cell mimic is a major challenge posed by synthetic biologists. Efforts to this end have been primarily focused on lipid- and polymer-encapsulated containers, liposomes and polymersomes, respectively. Here, we introduce a multi-compartment, nested system comprising aqueous droplets stabilized in an oil/lipid mixture, all encapsulated in hydrogel. Functional capabilities (electrical and chemical communication) were imparted by protein nanopores spanning the lipid bilayer formed at the interface of the encapsulated aqueous droplets and the encasing hydrogel. Crucially, the compartmentalization enabled the formation of two adjoining lipid bilayers in a controlled manner, a requirement for the realization of a functional protocell or prototissue.
Hyperspherical Variational Auto-Encoders (2018)

The Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) is one of the most used unsupervised machine learning models. But although the default choice of a Gaussian distribution for both the prior and posterior represents a mathematically convenient distribution often leading to competitive results, we show that this parameterization fails to model data with a latent hyperspherical structure. To address this issue we propose using a von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution instead, leading to a hyperspherical latent space. Through a series of experiments we show how such a hyperspherical VAE, or $\mathcal{S}$-VAE, is more suitable for capturing data with a hyperspherical latent structure, while outperforming a normal, $\mathcal{N}$-VAE, in low dimensions on other data types. Code at http://github.com/nicola-decao/s-vae-tf and https://github.com/nicola-decao/s-vae-pytorch
Spectral Efficiency Limits and Modulation/Detection Techniques for DWDM Systems (2004)

Information-theoretic limits to spectral efficiency in dense wavelength-division-multiplexed (DWDM) transmission systems are reviewed, considering various modulation techniques (unconstrained, constant-intensity, binary), detection techniques (coherent, direct), and propagation regimes (linear, nonlinear). Spontaneous emission from inline optical amplifiers is assumed to be the dominant noise source in all cases. Coherent detection allows use of two degrees of freedom per polarization, and its spectral efficiency limits are several b/s/Hz in typical terrestrial systems, even considering nonlinear effects. Using either constant-intensity modulation or direct detection, only one degree of freedom per polarization can be used, significantly reducing spectral efficiency. Using binary modulation, regardless of detection technique, spectral efficiency cannot exceed 1 b/s/Hz per polarization. When the number of signal and/or noise photons is small, the particle nature of photons must be considered. The quantum-limited spectral efficiency for coherent detection is slightly smaller than the classical capacity, but that for direct detection is 0.3 b/s/Hz higher than its classical counterpart. Various binary and nonbinary modulation techniques, in conjunction with appropriate detection techniques, are compared in terms of their spectral efficiencies and signal-to-noise ratio requirements, assuming amplified spontaneous emission is the dominant noise source. These include a) pulse-amplitude modulation with direct detection, b) differential phase-shift keying with interferometric detection, c) phase-shift keying with coherent detection, and d) quadrature-amplitude modulation with coherent detection.
Sound predictive race detection in polynomial time (2012)

Data races are among the most reliable indicators of programming errors in concurrent software. For at least two decades, Lamport's happens-before (HB) relation has served as the standard test for detecting races--other techniques, such as lockset-based approaches, fail to be sound, as they may falsely warn of races. This work introduces a new relation, causally-precedes (CP), which generalizes happens-before to observe more races without sacrificing soundness. Intuitively, CP tries to capture the concept of happens-before ordered events that must occur in the observed order for the program to observe the same values. What distinguishes CP from past predictive race detection approaches (which also generalize an observed execution to detect races in other plausible executions) is that CP-based race detection is both sound and of polynomial complexity. We demonstrate that the unique aspects of CP result in practical benefit. Applying CP to real-world programs, we successfully analyze server-level applications (e.g., Apache FtpServer) and show that traces longer than in past predictive race analyses can be analyzed in mere seconds to a few minutes. For these programs, CP race detection uncovers races that are hard to detect by repeated execution and HB race detection: a single run of CP race detection produces several races not discovered by 10 separate rounds of happens-before race detection.
Graduate career‐making and business start‐up: a literature review (2006)

Purpose The purpose of this article is to provide a selective review of literature on the career‐related decision‐making processes in terms of the transition from student to business start‐up, and the nature and influence of support and guidance. Design/methodology/approach Primarily, a critical review of a range of recently published literature (1995‐2005) addressing the theoretical and practical aspects of the journey from student to start‐up. The literature is divided into sections: the graduate labour market: a state of flux; Conceptual and definitional issues; Career choice and decision‐making; and Start‐up training and support. Findings The paper finds that despite an increasing body of theoretical and empirical literature on career choice in general and on the career choice to start‐up a business in the form of intention models, there remains a lack of in‐depth research on the stories, circumstances, contexts and complexities of graduates on their journey from student to business start‐up. A transition from entrepreneurial intentions to actual start‐up is often assumed but under‐researched in terms of career development and decision making processes. The nexus between training, support, intent and actual career choice to start‐up a business remains under‐investigated. Research limitations/implications Given that careers are made in a changing and complex context, simple relationships should not be expected. Hence, rather than focusing solely on certain aspects of the start‐up process, research is needed that takes a more holistic approach. Practical implications The study highlights the need for research that does justice to the complexities of the decisions made in the process from student to start‐up and by implication public policy and practice in relation to formal intervention within this aspect of the graduate labour market. Originality/value The paper lays the basis for a more nuanced understanding of the journey from student to start‐up of value to both researchers and policy makers.
Communication complexity of common voting rules (2005)

We determine the communication complexity of the common voting rules. The rules (sorted by their communication complexity from low to high) are plurality, plurality with runoff, single transferable vote (STV), Condorcet, approval, Bucklin, cup, maximin, Borda, Copeland, and ranked pairs. For each rule, we first give a deterministic communication protocol and an upper bound on the number of bits communicated in it; then, we give a lower bound on (even the nondeterministic) communication requirements of the voting rule. The bounds match for all voting rules except STV and maximin.
Eye-catching crowds (2009)

Populated virtual environments need to be simulated with as much variety as possible. By identifying the most salient parts of the scene and characters, available resources can be concentrated where they are needed most. In this paper, we investigate which body parts of virtual characters are most looked at in scenes containing duplicate characters or clones . Using an eye-tracking device, we recorded fixations on body parts while participants were asked to indicate whether clones were present or not. We found that the head and upper torso attract the majority of first fixations in a scene and are attended to most. This is true regardless of the orientation, presence or absence of motion, sex, age, size, and clothing style of the character. We developed a selective variation method to exploit this knowledge and perceptually validated our method. We found that selective colour variation is as effective at generating the illusion of variety as full colour variation. We then evaluated the effectiveness of four variation methods that varied only salient parts of the characters. We found that head accessories, top texture and face texture variation are all equally effective at creating variety, whereas facial geometry alterations are less so. Performance implications and guidelines are presented.
Repeated Stress-Induced Activation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Neurons Enhances Vasopressin Stores and Colocalization with Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Median Eminence of Rats (1991)

Stress-induced release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin (AVP) was studied in rats by measuring the decline of CRF and AVP stores in the median eminence after blockade of fast axonal transport with colchicine (5 micrograms per rat intracisternally). Quantitative immunocytochemistry was used to detect changes in CRFi and AVPi in the external zone of the median eminence (ZEME) selectively. Immobilization stress induced a fast ACTH response to 1,000-2,000 pg/ml which was associated with a fall in both CRFi and AVPi of 34% during the first 30 min. This is followed by different time courses of further AVPi and CRFi depletion. In addition, we investigated the effect of repeated daily stress exposure on CRFi and AVPi in the ZEM 1 day after stress exposure. Repeated daily immobilization for 9 or 16 subsequent days did not affect the CRFi stores in the ZEME, but increased the AVPi stores to 161 +/- 13% and 218 +/- 11% respectively. Quantitative analysis of electron microphotographs of repeatedly handled rats showed a mean density of CRF positive profiles in the ZEME of 45.5 +/- 2.5 per 500 microns 2 of which 25% also stained for pro-AVP-derived peptides. After 9 subsequent days of immobilization the total density of CRF-positive profiles remained unchanged, but the fraction of CRF swellings that also stained for pro-AVP-derived peptides increased approximately 2-fold. We conclude that (1) the secretion of AVPi and CRFi from the ZEME are independently controlled, indicating differential activation of AVP containing and AVP deficient CRF neurons during acute immobilization, and (2) repeated stress leads to plastic changes in hypothalamic CRF neurons resulting in increased AVP stores and colocalization in CRF nerve terminals.
Mild and General Methods for the Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides (2007)

[reaction: see text] New methods for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides have been developed, featuring sterically demanding, electron-rich phosphines. Highly challenging electron-rich aryl chlorides, in addition to electron-neutral and electron-deficient substrates, as well as nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heteroaryl chlorides can all undergo efficient cyanation under relatively mild conditions using readily available materials. In terms of substrate scope and temperature, these methods compare very favorably with the state-of-the-art cyanations of aryl chlorides.
Gut microbiota profiling of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients unveiled by an integrated meta‐omics‐based approach (2016)

An Oscillospira decrease coupled to a 2-butanone up-regulation and increases in Ruminococcus and Dorea were identified as gut microbiota signatures of NAFL onset and NAFL-NASH progression, respectively. (Hepatology 2017;65:451-464).
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid anilides as fasciolicides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid anilides as fasciolicidesD. Duewel and H. MetzgerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 5, 433–436Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00263a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00263a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts