gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Desktop autostereoscopic display using compact LED projector (2003)

A stereoscopic display using a curved directional reflection (CDR) screen and projectors is a promising approach towards realizing an immersive three-dimensional (3D) display system. The CDR screen consists of a corner reflective mirror sheet for horizontal focusing and an anisotropic diffuser sheet for vertical diffusion. The CDR 3D display can provide bright and large images without the need for special glasses. In this paper, we introduce this immersive 3D display technique onto the desktop display. To realize this concept, we have developed the compact projectors with light emitting diode (LED) light sources and a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS). These have allowed the realization of 65 mm width projectors that are able to be put side by side at the interocular distance. The efficient optical system of an LED array as area-light-sources combined with an ultra high gain (>100) CDR screen have allowed for a desktop autostereoscopic display whose luminance is more than 100 cd/m<sup>2</sup> with only 9 W power consumption. This system provides immersive 3D images for only the observer and keeps his privacy.
Active and Passive Monitoring and Analysis of IP Option Header Transparency from Covert Channel Point of View (2012)

In a context of network covert channels, unused header fields in communication protocols are vulnerable to embed secret data. An IP Option field in the IP header is considered as one of useful spaces for constructing the Internet-wide network covert channels. On the other hand, IP packets with IP Option have been said non-transparent on the global Internet. This paper investigates how an IP packet with IP option can be going through over the Internet by active and passive monitoring methods. At first, we investigated AS border traffic in an academic AS and a commercial IX. The result was that only four types of IP Options, Route Record (RR), Time Stamp (TS), No Operation (NOP) and End of Option List (EOOL), were observed. Then, we preliminary evaluated transparency of these four types IP Options over the global Internet by probing from ten Planetlab nodes on six countries against 5,000 randomly chosen destination IP addresses and 11,251 intermediate routers. Both destination addresses and intermediate routers were included in 1,132 intermediate ASes. As the active measurement result, 57% routers replied to IP packets with the RR Option, that is, the RR Option was transparent in 914 intermediate ASes on this experiment. On the other hand, 41% of intermediate routers replied probe packets with the TS option, that is, the TS Option was transparent in 811 intermediate ASes on this experiment.
Spin-polarized electron injection from ferromagnet into semiconductor (2003)

Summary form only given. Spin-polarized electron injection (spin injection) in ferromagnet/semiconductor (FM/SC) heterostructures is one of the key issues to realize spin-related devices. However, efficient spin injection in the FM/SC heterostructure remains a challenging task, although it is one of the promising candidates for spin-related devices, operating at room temperature. The only successful result was obtained in the case of diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS). Furthermore, several theoretical reports predict that high efficiency spin injection is hardly possible in the FM/SC heterostructure due to conductivity mismatch between ferromagnet and semiconductor. Recently, high efficiency spin injection in an Fe/GaAs heterostructure was demonstrated by using a Schottky tunneling barrier. In this paper, we demonstrate that direct spin injection in an Fe/InAs heterostructure. InAs is a promising material for spin-related devices, because it is expected to form an ohmic contact to metal, and it has the larger spin-orbit coupling in an InAs 2DEG channel than in GaAs.
The role of linear and spheroïdal carbon molecules in interstellar grain formation (1989)

The recent discovery that a uniquely stable, spheroidal, carbon molecule consisting of 60 atoms, C 60 Buckminsterfullerene, forms spontaneously when carbon vapour nucleates has opened up a new and exciting perspective on the chemical and physical properties of carbon. The observations, shed new light on the detailed mechanism of the carbon clustering process itself and appear to have particularly important implications as far as carbon particle formation is concerned in such varied scenarios as combustion chemistry and circumstellar dust formation. The new perspective appears to offer the possibility of an understanding of many hitherto unexplained aspects of the behaviour of solid and fluid forms of condensed carbon. The discoveries were made during laboratory experiments aimed at an understanding of the relationships between carbon chain molecules and macroscopic carbon grains in circumstellar shells and interstellar space. The results suggest that in addition to the chains and grains, the C60 molecule, probably in the form of the ion C60+ in the less shielded regions, is ubiquitously present and perhaps responsible for some of the interstellar spectroscopic features such as the some of the Diffuse Interstellar Bands. Further study of small carbon particles which form in the gas phase has resulted in the discovery that they have quasi-icosahedral spiral shell structures. It seems highly likely that related species which include hydrogen are responsible for some of the Unidentified Infrared Bands. The rôle that C60, C60 + and icospiral carbonaceous particles play in the interstellar medium should soon be accessible to verification by a combination of laboratory experiment and astronomical spectroscopy.
Immunomodulatory and Protective Roles of Quorum-Sensing Signaling Molecules <i>N</i> -Acyl Homoserine Lactones during Infection of Mice with Aeromonas hydrophila (2011)

Aeromonas hydrophila leads to both intestinal and extraintestinal infections in animals and humans, and the underlying mechanisms leading to mortality are largely unknown. By using a septicemic mouse model of infection, we showed that animals challenged with A. hydrophila die because of kidney and liver damage, hypoglycemia, and thrombocytopenia. Pretreatment of animals with quorum-sensing-associated signaling molecules N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), such as butanoyl and hexanoyl homoserine lactones (C(4)- and C(6)-HSLs), as well as N-3-oxododecanoyl (3-oxo-C(12))-HSL, prevented clinical sequelae, resulting in increased survivability of mice. Since little is known as to how different AHLs modulate the immune response during infection, we treated mice with the above AHLs prior to lethal A. hydrophila infection. When we compared results in such animals to those in controls, the treated animals exhibited a significantly reduced bacterial load in the blood and other mouse organs, as well as various levels of cytokines/chemokines. Importantly, neutrophil numbers were significantly elevated in the blood of C(6)-HSL-treated mice compared to those in animals given phosphate-buffered saline and then infected with the bacteria. These findings coincided with the fact that neutropenic animals were more susceptible to A. hydrophila infection than normal mice. Our data suggested that neutrophils quickly cleared bacteria by either phagocytosis or possibly another mechanism(s) during infection. In a parallel study, we indeed showed that other predominant immune cells inflicted during A. hydrophila infections, such as murine macrophages, when they were pretreated with AHLs, rapidly phagocytosed bacteria, whereas untreated cells phagocytosed fewer bacteria. This study is the first to report that AHL pretreatment modulates the innate immune response in mice and enhances their survivability during A. hydrophila infection.
Frontal Dispersion Polymerization (1998)

Frontal polymerization is a promising approach for preparing polymeric materials in which a localized reaction zone propagates through an unstirred medium. Large thermal and compositional gradients occur in the front that can lead to convective instabilities that interfere with the front propagation. With monomers that produce thermoplastic polymers, the Rayleigh−Taylor instability can destroy a descending front as the more dense molten polymer “fingers” into the unreacted monomer. Ascending fronts are not possible because simple convection caused by the heat release of the reaction quenches the front. Using a saltwater dispersion, we have shown for the first time that stable descending fronts with monomers such as benzyl acrylate can propagate through a saltwater dispersion if the density of the aqueous phase is greater than the density of the polymer. However, hydrolysis followed by intermolecular anhydride formation occurs at the high front temperature, resulting in a lightly cross-linked copolymer.
Distributed Control of Multi-Robot Deployment Motion (2010)

Motion Control 278 of the leader. Moreover, real-time centralized control of multiple robots requires very high communication throughput which is difficult to achieve with the current wireless communication technology. As a result, centralized control has difficulties in adapting to dynamic environments and scaling to large multi-robot systems. Alternatively, distributed control allows each member robot to determine its motion according to the states of itself, its local environment and its interactions with nearby robots and other objects. Distributed processing largely reduces the computational and communication complexities. As a result, distributed control is highly scalable to large multi-robot systems and adaptive to unknown and dynamic environments and changes in multi-robot systems. With properly designed distributed control laws, the desired global goal of a multi-robot system can be achieved as the combined outcome of the self-deployment motion of individual robots. Recognizing its advantages, we focus our discussions in this chapter on distributed control of multi-robot deployment motion, with the objective to form and maintain sensor coverage and communication connections in a target environment. Section 2 will provide a review of some representative existing distributed multi-robot deployment control schemes. Although distributed multi-robot deployment has received a substantial amount of attention, there has not been enough effort made to address their implementation on realistic robot systems, in particular to explicitly take the kinematic and dynamic constraints into account when determining the deployment motion of individual robots. This disconnection between the control algorithm and physical implementation may degrade the operational effectiveness and robustness of these multi-robot deployment schemes. We will introduce a novel distributed multi-robot deployment control algorithm in Section 3, which takes into account the limited ranges of robot sensing and communication, and naturally incorporates the nonholonomic constraint arising among wheeled robots into individual robots' equation of deployment motion. Simulation results will be reported in Section 4, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Section 5 will summarize the proposed scheme and discuss future work.
Based on Standard Descriptors and Dynamic Key Features to Detect Malicious USB Storage Devices in APT (2017)

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are a type of attack that critically threaten a number of corporations. With advances in information technology, attack methods have evolved from social engineering and e-mail methods to simulated human interface device attacks, which have remained undetectable by intrusion detection systems. Teensy was initially designed as a hardware device for legitimate applications, but because it enables the control of computers through a simulated keyboard or mouse-style pointing device, certain parties have utilized it as a malicious APT device to control computers for illegitimate uses. This study proposed a method based on the characteristics of Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard descriptors and dynamic key characteristics to detect malicious USB devices. This method is capable of successfully detecting malicious USB devices and defending against malicious USB attacks.
Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror (2006)

We present a three-dimensional (3D) endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system based on a dual-axis scanning microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror. The diameter of the MEMS mirror was 1.2mm and both axes were capable of scanning greater than 20° with linearity. The endoscopic MEMS probe was integrated with an OCT system and volume images were obtained at a rate of 3frames∕s by means of two-axis lateral scanning combined with an axial scan. In the initial investigations, 3D OCT images of healthy rabbit trachea as well as images of normal and cancerous regions of hamster cheek pouch tissue were obtained.
The safety and comfort control of vehicles by the separation principle of PID controller tuning (2010)

The safety and comfort control of vehicles in certain cases is considered in this paper. We hope to use detectors plus advanced control methods to realize the satisfactory tracking control, even the proper velocity and acceleration control of vehicles. Because of the intrinsically nonlinear, highly plant uncertain of vehicles and closely interconnected among vehicles, here the method based on the new separation principle (NSP) of tuning PID controller is used. First, the control method is extended to systems with variable control gain and delay in control input. It is the method that, without using of estimator or observer, we can reject system's uncertain parts, disturbances or interconnected parts effectively. So the structure of the control system is relatively a simple one. Second, as its application, we use the results for the control of vehicles in three cases, such as in case of emergency, moving in platoon form and with delay in control input. It is the robustness of the method that, by using little information, we can still get rather good control performance, especially for high accuracy desired output tracking of velocity and acceleration, even with a good transient response. And some simulation results for the comparison of relative positions, velocities and accelerations are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
Increased and More Consistent Tidal Volumes During Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation in Newborn Infants (1994)

We compared expiratory tidal and minute ventilation during conventional and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV and SIMV) in 30 infants with respiratory failure. Identical ventilator settings were used during each mode in each infant. Tidal volumes of ventilator breaths were smaller during IMV than during SIMV (6.2 +/- 1.8 versus 7.4 +/- 1.9 ml/kg; p < 0.01). The coefficient of variation of tidal volumes was higher during IMV than SIMV for both ventilator (25 +/- 12% versus 15 +/- 8%) and spontaneous breaths (39 +/- 15% versus 24 +/- 10%, p < 0.001). Minute ventilation, however, was the same during both modes. During IMV, one infant breathed synchronously and two were phase-locked in asynchrony with the ventilator. The infants with a mixed interaction on IMV (27 of 30) had tidal volumes that depended on the phase of spontaneous breathing at the time of onset of each ventilator breath. Tidal volumes of IMV breaths that began during the first half of spontaneous expiration had the smallest tidal volumes (5.4 +/- 1.8 ml/kg, p < 0.01), followed by those that began during the last half of inspiration (6.4 +/- 1.8 ml/kg, p < 0.01). Thus, the synchrony produced by SIMV allowed the ventilator to deliver larger and more consistent tidal volumes than during IMV.
Wide bandwidth high capacity systems (2003)

In recent years, advances in wide-bandwidth optical amplifiers have led to significant progress in high-capacity, multiwavelength communication systems. These developments will be instrumental in enhancing the capacity and functionality of future lightwave networks.
A family of steady vortex rings (1973)

Axisymmetric vortex rings which propagate steadily through an unbounded ideal fluid at rest at infinity are considered. The vorticity in the ring is proportional to the distance from the axis of symmetry. Recent theoretical work suggests the existence of a one-parameter family, [npar ]2 ≥ α ≥ 0 (the parameter α is taken as the non-dimensional mean core radius), of these vortex rings extending from Hill's spherical vortex, which has the parameter value α = [npar ]2, to vortex rings of small cross-section, where α → 0. This paper gives a numerical description of vortex rings in this family. As well as the core boundary, propagation velocity and flux, various other properties of the vortex ring are given, including the circulation, fluid impulse and kinetic energy. This numerical description is then compared with asymptotic descriptions which can be found near both ends of the family, that is, when α → [npar ]2 and α → 0.
Interleukin-6 predicts hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, and mortality in hemodialysis patients (1998)

Low serum albumin and low serum cholesterol levels are among the most consistent predictors of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Hypoalbuminemia is often interpreted as a marker of poor nutrition, but serum albumin and cholesterol levels can also be low as part of a cytokine-mediated acute-phase reaction to acute or chronic inflammation. Here we report the results from a 900-day prospective study designed to determine whether tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) predict serum albumin and cholesterol levels and mortality in a group of 90 ambulatory, adult hemodialysis patients with no acute infection, hospitalization or surgery, and no known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), malignancy, or liver disease. Measurable levels of TNF-alpha and/or IL-6 were found in 89 of 90 patients. Significant relationships were found between TNF-alpha and IL-6 and the degree of hypoalbuminemia and dyslipoproteinemia. IL-6 was the strongest predictor of mortality in univariate and multivariate analysis, followed by age, albumin level, and body mass index (BMI). Although the cause of hypercytokinemia was not addressed in this study, the data support the view that hypoalbuminemia and hypocholesterolemia are negative acute-phase responses to inflammatory stimuli. These results suggest that efforts to identify the nature of the stimuli for cytokine production and to lower cytokine levels in hemodialysis patients might be effective in improving the survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Adrenergic Effects on Plasma Levels of Glucagon, Insulin, Glucose and Free Fatty Acids in Rabbits (1984)

Adrenergic effects on plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids were studied in fasted rabbits by infusing epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, phentolamine (an adrenergic alpha-receptor blocking drug) and propranolol (an adrenergic beta-receptor blocking drug). The adrenergic effects on the plasma levels of insulin, glucose and free fatty acids were similar to those found in other species. The plasma levels of insulin were increased by beta-receptor stimulation (isoproterenol, phentolamine + epinephrine) and decreased by alpha-receptor stimulation (epinephrine, norepinephrine, propranolol + epinephrine). The plasma levels of glucose were increased by both alpha- and beta-receptor stimulation, and the epinephrine-induced hyperglycaemia was only blocked by combined infusions with phentolamine and propranolol. The plasma levels of free fatty acids were increased by saline and further increased by beta-receptor stimulation (isoproterenol), while epinephrine and norepinephrine gave variable results. Alpha-receptor stimulation (propranolol + epinephrine) slightly decreased the plasma levels of free fatty acids. The plasma levels of glucagon, however, were mainly increased by alpha-receptor stimulation (epinephrine, norepinephrine, propranolol + epinephrine) and increased only to a minor extent by beta-receptor stimulation (isoproterenol, phentolamine + epinephrine) in rabbits. This is in contrast to results reported for humans, where beta-receptor stimulation seems to be most important in stimulating glucagon release.
12.3 A 2-output step-up/step-down switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with 95.8% peak efficiency and 0.85-to-3.6V input voltage range (2016)

Switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters have gained attention based on their ability to offer a low-cost high-efficiency power conversion, and allow a thin and compact module packaging [1]. However, the SC DC-DC converter offers high efficiency only in a limited input/output voltage range, since it is inherently based on a discrete conversion ratio, which is different from an inductor-based DC-DC converter with a continuous conversion ratio. [2,3] proposed implementing multiple conversion ratios with several SC DC-DC units connected in series. However, these lead to a degradation of the efficiency as well as the maximum current capacity, worse for the conversion ratios that have more stages. On the other hand, there is a lack of a step-up and step-down SC topology, which will further expand the input/output voltage range, and enable using different types of power sources (alkaline, lithium-ion battery, etc.), for portable devices. [4] and some commercial products offer both step-up and step-down conversions, but the step-down conversions are limited to a unity conversion ratio. In this paper, we present a step-up/step-down unified topology that covers the input voltage range from 0.85V to 3.6V, and the output voltage range from 0.1V to 1.9V. Moreover, a dual-output topology with a 4-way channel mapping and an on-demand channel sharing control is also proposed, for delivering 2 regulated voltages with good efficiencies and fast transient responses.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis (1989)

There is increasing evidence that the vascular endothelium is an important functional component of the blood vessel wall, actively participating in normal vascular physiology as well as the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The localized modulation of vascular endothelium to a nonadaptive functional state can be termed endothelial dysfunction. This article provides a brief overview of the multiple vital functions of endothelium, and a working concept of endothelial dysfunction especially as it relates to atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications.
Using patient-simulators to teach telephone communication skills to health professionals (1983)

Using patient-simulators is an effective and inexpensive approach for teaching telephone communication skills to health professionals. An audiotaped simulation program has been carried out with the residents of the Family Practice Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and has been implemented in several other areas, including pediatrics, psychiatry, nursing, and a third-year elective clerkship in family medicine.
Prosthodontic procedures for implant reconstruction. 1. Diagnostic procedures (1992)

The University of Sydney Dental School and more recently the Implant Centre have been treating patients with the Brånemark Osseointegration Implant System since 1981. Success depends on close cooperation between surgeon and prosthodontist. This paper describes specific prosthodontic treatment planning procedures based on a general knowledge of prosthodontics, and detailed methods for determining the position, length and alignments of the implants for a specific case by the use of radiographic and surgical templates.