gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RORγt antagonist suppresses M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-induced Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis (2016)

We showed recently that M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R)-reactive CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells play a pathogenic role in the development of murine autoimmune sialadenitis (MIS), which mimics Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and mechanism of action of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gamma t (RORγt) antagonist (A213) in MIS. Splenocytes from M3R knockout (M3R<sup>-/-</sup> ) mice immunized with murine M3R peptide mixture were inoculated into recombination-activating gene 1 knockout (Rag-1<sup>-/-</sup> ) mice (M3R<sup>-/-</sup> →Rag-1<sup>-/-</sup> ) with MIS. Immunized M3R<sup>-/-</sup> mice (pretransfer treatment) and M3R<sup>-/-</sup> →Rag-1<sup>-/-</sup> mice (post-transfer treatment) were treated with A213 every 3 days. Salivary volume, severity of sialadenitis and cytokine production from M3R peptide-stimulated splenocytes and lymph node cells were examined. Effects of A213 on cytokine production were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and on T helper type 1 (Th1), Th17 and Th2 differentiation from CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells by flow cytometry. Pretransfer A213 treatment maintained salivary volume, improved MIS and reduced interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 production significantly compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (P < 0·05). These suppressive effects involved CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells rather than CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells. Post-transfer treatment with A213 increased salivary volume (P < 0·05), suppressed MIS (P < 0·005) and reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 production (P < 0·05). In vitro, A213 suppressed IFN-γ and IL-17 production from M3R-stimulated splenocytes and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells of immunized M3R<sup>-/-</sup> mice (P < 0·05). In contrast with M3R specific responses, A213 suppressed only IL-17 production from Th17 differentiated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells without any effect on Th1 and Th2 differentiation in vitro. Our findings suggested that RORγt antagonism is potentially suitable treatment strategy for SS-like sialadenitis through suppression of IL-17 and IFN-γ production by M3R-specific T cells.
Characterization of the genome and structural proteins of hepatitis C virus resolved from infected human liver (2004)

In the absence of satisfactory cell culture systems for hepatitis C virus (HCV), virtually all that is known about the proteins of the virus has been learned by the study of recombinant proteins. Characterization of virus proteins from patients with HCV has been retarded by the low virus titre in blood and limited availability of infected tissue. Here, the authors have identified a primary infection in a liver transplanted into an immunodeficient patient with chronic HCV. The patient required re-transplant and the infected liver, removed 6 weeks after the initial transplant, had a very high titre of HCV, 5 x 10(9) International Units (IU) per gram of liver. The density distribution of HCV in iodixanol gradients showed a peak at 1.04 g x ml(-1) with 73 % of virus below 1.08 g x ml(-1). Full-length HCV RNA was detected by Northern blotting and the ratio between positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA was determined as 60. HCV was partially purified by precipitation with heparin/Mn(2+) and a single species of each of the three structural proteins, core, E1 and E2, was detected by Western blotting. The molecular mass of core was 20 kDa, which corresponds to the mature form from recombinant sources. The molecular mass of glycoprotein E1 was 31 kDa before and 21 kDa after deglycosylation with PNGase F or endoglycosidase H. Glycoprotein E2 was 62 kDa before and 36 kDa after deglycosylation, but E2-P7 was not detected. This was in contrast to recombinant sources of E2 which contain E2-P7.
The function of poetry at the present time (1986)

Since I am embarking upon an apology for poetry, a brief personal apology may also be allowed. All my teaching life was concerned with English literature, and at a later stage to some degree with American; but most of my spare time went to the study of Russian writers – notably Pushkin and Tolstoy, with a precursor of modern poetry, Fyodor Tyutchev, and so to Blok and Pasternak. In recent years I have become greatly interested in the Russian poets contemporary with Pasternak. To hold in balance two great literatures, English and Russian, is to be made aware of important differences in their traditions, while none the less noting how manifestly they belong to a single culture. My generation, which grew up (to put it charitably) in the nineteen thirties, was plunged immediately into the divided and perplexed era that has continued to this day. We could recognise and abhor fascism, the undisputed evil at the heart of Europe. What too many of us would not concede was that the Soviet Union showed more than a few hideous parallels with Nazi Germany. But those who were drawn to Russian literature, through an original sympathy with Russian politics, did at least have the good fortune to find in it a new perspective for viewing our own literature of the time.
CMOS RF buffer amplifier design (2003)

This article presents two integrated RF buffer amplifier designs applicable in CMOS process technology for wireless communication applications. These circuits are used as a LO buffer amplifier to convert a single-ended input to a differential output from 1.3 GHz to 1.6 GHz to drive a balanced mixer. On-chip inductors are used in the two designs to fully exploit the advantage of low power consumption of CMOS processes.
Efficient, Stable, Small, and Water-Soluble Doped ZnSe Nanocrystal Emitters as Non-Cadmium Biomedical Labels (2006)

Mn2+-doped ZnSe quantum dots (Mn:ZnSe d-dots) with a tunable photoluminescence (PL) peak position were made to be water soluble by coating them with a monolayer of mercaptopropionic acid, a very short hydrophilic thiol. If the dopant centers were located close to the surface, thiol-coating partially quenched the PL. With about 2-3 monolayers of pure ZnSe on the surface, the PL of d-dots was actually enhanced upon thiol coating. When the doping centers were placed reasonably inside a d-dot, with about four monolayers of pure ZnSe between the doping centers and the surface ligands, the thiol ligands did not quench the PL of the d-dots, even though they did completely quench the PL of intrinsic ZnSe quantum dots. The overall size of such d-dots/ligand complex is only about 7-8 nm, implying an excellent permeability in biological issues. These d-dots were found to be exceptionally stable against continuous UV radiation in air for at least 25 days. They were also stable in boiling water with air bubbling under room light for hours. Recognition of a biotin pattern by d-dots conjugated with avidine was carried to illustrate the suitability of these efficient (about 40% PL quantum yield), stable, small, and water-soluble d-dots as biomedical labeling reagents.
P2 Increased soluble P selectin in subjects with deep vein thrombosis (1998)

University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK and 1Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands.
Photoactive Blends of Poly(<i>p</i><i>ara</i>-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) with Methanofullerenes from a Novel Precursor:  Photophysics and Device Performance (2001)

Homogeneous blends of a processable methanofullerene, [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), with poly(para-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) synthesized using a novel nonionic precursor route were produced. These photoactive blends have been investigated by excited-state spectroscopy and by photocurrent measurements. UV−vis and IR absorption measurements, as well as luminescence spectroscopy, were used to monitor the conversion process of the precursor polymer to the PPV in blends with PCBM. The presence of PCBM did not influence the successful conversion process. The occurrence of photoinduced charge transfer, well-known for blends of substituted PPV with fullerenes, was evidenced in composites of PPV/PCBM by the strong quenching of the PPV luminescence. LESR (light induced electron spin resonance) and PIA (photoinduced absorption) studies confirmed the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer from the PPV to PCBM within the bulk of solid state composite films. Photovoltaic devices made from PPV/PCBM blends showed power efficiencies of up to 0.25% under intense white light illumination. The spectral-photocurrent excitation profile was observed to follow closely the absorption spectrum of the PPV.
ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring (2006)

We describe ALARM-NET, a wireless sensor network for assisted-living and residential monitoring. It integrates envi- ronmental and physiological sensors in a scalable, heteroge- neous architecture. A query protocol allows real-time col- lection and processing of sensor data by user interfaces and back-end analysis programs. One such program determines circadian activity rhythms of residents, feeding activity in- formation back into the sensor network to aid context-aware power management, dynamic privacy policies, and data as- sociation. Communication is secured end-to-end to protect sensitive medical and operational information. The ALARM-NET system has been implemented as a network of MICAz sensors, stargate gateways, iPAQ PDAs, and PCs. Customized infrared motion and dust sensors, and integrated temperature, light, pulse, and blood oxygenation sensors are present. Software components include: TinyOS query processor and security modules for motes; AlarmGate, an embedded Java application for managing power, privacy, security, queries, and client connections; Java resident mon- itoring and sensor data querying applications for PDAs and PCs; and a circadian activity rhythm analysis program. We show the correctness, robustness, and extensibility of the system architecture through a scenario-based evaluation of the integrated ALARM-NET system, as well as perfor- mance data for individual software components.
Kinematics of the Eye (1957)

A mathematical discussion is presented of eye positions and eye movements in terms of quaternion theory. An eye movement may be regarded as a rotation of the eye about an axis through the center of rotation. The parameters of the axis of rotation and the extent of the rotation are associated to form a higher complex number, and this leads to the definition of an eye position in terms of the rotation by which it is reached from the prinary position. Equations are derived for the parameters of the single rotation equivalent to two successive finite rotations, for Listing’s law, for torsional movements, for the angle between the primary horizontal meridian of the eye and the plane of regard, and for the angle between the primary vertical meridian of the eye and the true vertical plane through the fixation line.
Architecture of ultrafast optical packet switching ring network (2002)

This paper describes the architecture and technical implementation issues of the ultra fast optical packet switching ring network. The technical features of the proposed network are the use of ultrafast optical packets generated by packet compression, ring topology, and out-of-band transmission of the packet control signals. Using present techniques, it is possible to construct a network that is capable of transporting ultrafast optical packets with low delay and guaranteed bandwidth to some packets. Network performance attributes such as scalability, packet delay, and required buffer size are calculated, and implementation issues for realizing optical packet transmission hardware are discussed. Attention is paid to the synchronization in bit/packet phase between packets traversing a ring fiber. A bit/packet phase synchronous system is successfully shown to offer 40 Gb/s, 4000 bit optical packet switching through the use of 2/spl times/2 high-speed electrooptic switches.
Non-symmetrical SHE-PWM technique for five-level cascaded converter with non-equal DC sources (2008)

The paper proposes a new variation of the well-known selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) technique suitable for a high-power five-level cascaded converters with non-equal DC sources for utility applications. In this work, the switching angles are obtained when both the quarter- and half-wave symmetry are abolished. This changes the way the problem is formulated and different solutions and output waveform patterns are found and such solutions present no compromise. Different operating points are reported including different DC source combinations, different number of switching angles and different values of modulation indices. Simulation studies are presented to validate the theoretical findings and to confirm the robustness of the proposed approach.
Stones of Hope: an Introduction (2010)

Résumé de l'ouvrage. Many human rights advocates agree that conventional advocacy tools— reporting abuses to international tribunals or shaming the perpetrators of human rights violations—have proven ineffective. Increasingly, social justice advocates are looking to social and economic rights strategies as promising avenues for change. However, widespread skepticism remains as to how to make such rights real on the ground.Stones of Hope engages with the work of remarkable African advocates who have broken out of the conventional boundaries of human rights practice to challenge radical poverty. Through a sequence of case studies and interpretive essays, it illustrates how human rights can be harnessed to generate democratic institutional innovations. Ultimately, this book brings the reader down from the heights of official human rights forums to the ground level of advocacy. It is a must-read for human rights advocates, development practitioners, students, educators, and all others interested in an equitable global society.
Regulation of <i>cyclin D2</i> gene expression by the Myc/Max/Mad network: Myc-dependent TRRAP recruitment and histone acetylation at the <i>cyclin D2</i> promoter (2001)

Myc oncoproteins promote cell cycle progression in part through the transcriptional up-regulation of the cyclin D2 gene. We now show that Myc is bound to the cyclin D2 promoter in vivo. Binding of Myc induces cyclin D2 expression and histone acetylation at a single nucleosome in a MycBoxII/TRRAP-dependent manner. Down-regulation of cyclin D2 mRNA expression in differentiating HL60 cells is preceded by a switch of promoter occupancy from Myc/Max to Mad/Max complexes, loss of TRRAP binding, increased HDAC1 binding, and histone deacetylation. Thus, recruitment of TRRAP and regulation of histone acetylation are critical for transcriptional activation by Myc.
Security and Composition of Cryptographic Protocols: A Tutorial (2013)

What does it mean for a cryptographic protocol to be &ldquo;secure&rdquo;? Capturing security properties of cryptographic protocols in a meaningful way is a slippery business: On the one hand, we want to guarantee that a security property holds in face of &ldquo;all feasible attacks&rdquo; against a protocol. On the other hand, we want our formalism to not be overly restrictive; that is, we want to accept those protocols that do not succumb to &ldquo;feasible attacks&rdquo;.
Wave Propagation in Random Media (Scintillation) (1993)

This book of proceedings contains the invited papers presented at the conference held in Seattle. The main aim of the meeting was to promote a multi-disciplinary approach to research in scintillation: the optical, radio and acoustical communities are therefore well represented in these papers.
Doppler angle and flow velocity mapping by combined Doppler shift and Doppler bandwidth measurements in optical Dopplertomography (2003)

Accurate estimation of flow velocity requires measurement of Doppler angle, which is not available in general clinical applications. We describe a novel method of direct Doppler angle and flow velocity mapping that uses a conventional single-beam optical Doppler tomography system. The Doppler angle is estimated by combination of Doppler shift and Doppler bandwidth measurements, and flow velocity is calculated from the Doppler shift and the estimated Doppler angle. In vivo study of lip microvascularization demonstrates that this method is capable of providing both flow speed and flow direction information.
Protection against hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in Rat-1 fibroblasts provided by the oncoprotein Bcl-2: maintenance of calcium homoeostasis is secondary to the effect of Bcl-2 on cellular glutathione (1999)

The oncoprotein Bcl-2 protects cells against apoptosis, but the exact molecular mechanism that underlies this function has not yet been identified. Studying H2O2-induced cell injury in Rat-1 fibroblast cells, we observed that Bcl-2 had a protective effect against the increase in cytosolic calcium concentration and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in an alteration of cellular glutathione status: the total amount of cellular glutathione was increased by about 60% and the redox potential of the cellular glutathione pool was maintained in a more reduced state during H2O2 exposure compared with non-Bcl-2-expressing controls. In our cytotoxicity model, disruption of cellular glutathione homoeostasis closely correlated with the pathological elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration. Stabilization of the glutathione pool by Bcl-2, N-acetylcysteine or glucose delayed the cytosolic calcium increase and subsequent cell death, whereas depletion of glutathione by dl-buthionine-(S, R)-sulphoximine, sensitized Bcl-2-transfected cells towards cytosolic calcium increase and cell death. We therefore suggest that the protection exerted by Bcl-2 against H2O2-induced cytosolic calcium elevation and subsequent cell death is secondary to its effect on the cellular glutathione metabolism.
Preparation of Kerosene-Base Magnetic Fluid (2008)

A kerosene-base magnetic fluid was prepared by chemical co-precipitation method in which ammonia and oleic acid were used as precipitator and surfactant respectively.Nano-Fe3O4 was prepared which ammonia,FeSO4·7H2O and Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O was raw material and was dispersed by ultrasonic wave.The results show this magnetic fluid has good stability in gravitational and magnetic fields.The effects of ammonia content,Fe3+ to Fe2+ ratio,temperature and the oleic acid dosage are discussed.The obtained optimum condition is:Fe3+/Fe2+=2∶1,at 50℃ with 2.0~2.5 times ammonia addion than defermined from theory,together with the surfactant dosage of 0.8mL per 100mL magnetic fluid.
Synthesis of 5-(1-azidovinyl) and 5-[2-(1-azirinyl)] analogs of 2′-deoxyuridine (1996)

The regiospecific addition of bromine azide to the vinyl substituent of 5-vinyl-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl- (or tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2′-deoxyuridines (2) yielded the corresponding 5-(1-azido-2-bromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-protected-2′-deoxyuridines (3). Treatment of the 5-(1-azido-2-bromoethyl) compounds 3 with t-BuOK, to effect the base-catalyzed elimination of HBr, afforded the corresponding 5-(1-azidovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridines (4, 7). Thermal decomposition of 5-(1-azidovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (7) at 110 °C in dioxane yielded 5-[2-(1 -azirinyl)]-2′-deoxyuridine (9). 5-(1 -Azidovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (7) exhibited appreciable in vitro antiviral activities againist herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varizella zoster virus (VZV). Athough 7 increased the length of survival of HSV-1 brain-infected mice, it did not decrease the mortality rate relative to placebo. 5-[2-(1-Azirinyl)]-2′-deoxyuridine (9) was an inactive antiviral agent. Key words: azidovinyl, azirinyl, 2′-deoxyuridine, antiviral activity.
Area traffic capacity in centeral areas – Alexandria city center as a case study (2011)

In many cities, worldwide, city centers are highly congested. The reason is that the Area Traffic Capacity (ATC) becomes constrained; i.e. the traffic and parking demands (mainly motorized), continually, increase within a finite roads’ and car parks’ capacity. The central Area Traffic Capacity (ATC) could be either the capacity of the internal road network, the parking capacity, or the capacity of the approach roads leading into the area. One of these three elements limits the overall traffic capacity. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to develop a planning process which can be used as a tool for determining the ATC, and producing and evaluating different solutions (or scenarios) that can improve a central area traffic capacity. The proposed planning process is based on a combined analysis of traffic and parking situations which result from the travel demand and the traffic supply in a city center. If the travel demand is greater than the area traffic capacity, the process reflects feedback effects of parking and traffic situations on the desired supply or demand. Thus, it can be used to analyze different possible improving strategies, which might be needed to achieve favorable situations (formulating scenarios). The proposed planning process is then applied to estimate the area traffic capacity of Alexandria city center and to analyze the impacts of applying some traffic strategies in order to improve the ATC.
Be Selfish and Avoid Dilemmas: Fork After Withholding (FAW) Attacks on Bitcoin (2017)

In the Bitcoin system, participants are rewarded for solving cryptographic puzzles. In order to receive more consistent rewards over time, some participants organize mining pools and split the rewards from the pool in proportion to each participant's contribution. However, several attacks threaten the ability to participate in pools. The block withholding (BWH) attack makes the pool reward system unfair by letting malicious participants receive unearned wages while only pretending to contribute work. When two pools launch BWH attacks against each other, they encounter the miner's dilemma: in a Nash equilibrium, the revenue of both pools is diminished. In another attack called selfish mining, an attacker can unfairly earn extra rewards by deliberately generating forks. In this paper, we propose a novel attack called a fork after withholding (FAW) attack. FAW is not just another attack. The reward for an FAW attacker is always equal to or greater than that for a BWH attacker, and it is usable up to four times more often per pool than in BWH attack. When considering multiple pools - the current state of the Bitcoin network - the extra reward for an FAW attack is about 56% more than that for a BWH attack. Furthermore, when two pools execute FAW attacks on each other, the miner's dilemma may not hold: under certain circumstances, the larger pool can consistently win. More importantly, an FAW attack, while using intentional forks, does not suffer from practicality issues, unlike selfish mining. We also discuss partial countermeasures against the FAW attack, but finding a cheap and efficient countermeasure remains an open problem. As a result, we expect to see FAW attacks among mining pools.
Reducing clock skew variability via crosslinks (2006)

Increasingly significant variational effects present a great challenge for delivering desired clock skew reliably. Nontree clock network has been recognized as a promising approach to overcome the variation problem. Existing nontree clock routing methods are restricted to a few simple or regular structures, and often consume excessive amounts of wirelength. This paper suggests to construct a low-cost nontree clock network by inserting crosslinks in a given clock tree. The effects of the link insertion on clock skew variability are analyzed. Based on the analysis, this paper proposes two link insertion schemes that can quickly convert a clock tree to a nontree with significantly lower skew variability and very limited wirelength increase. In these schemes, the complicated nontree delay computation is circumvented. Further, they can be applied to the recently popular nonzero skew routing easily. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques has been validated through SPICE-based Monte Carlo simulations.