gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Truncated thioredoxin (Trx80) exerts unique mitogenic cytokine effects via a mechanism independent of thiol oxido‐reductase activity (2003)

Recently we discovered that a naturally occurring C-terminally truncated thioredoxin (Trx80) is a potent mitogenic cytokine stimulating IL-12 production from CD40(+) monocytes. To further characterise Trx80 we have engineered cysteine to serine mutants of Trx80 corresponding to the active site cysteines of Trx (Trx80SGPS) and to the structural cysteine at position 72 (Trx80C72S). Trx80SGPS and Trx80C72S retained the cell stimulatory activity of Trx80 and increased peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation three- to five-fold in vitro (P<0.01, n=18). Both Trx80SGPS and Trx80C72S significantly stimulated IL-12 and IFN-gamma secretion from PBMCs in the same manner as Trx80 (P<0.01, n=9 and 10). The previously described Trx80 dimer is caused by non-covalent interactions, and not by any intermolecular disulphide bonds.
Development of technologies for 2‐Gb/in<sup>2</sup> areal density recording (1993)

Abstract Hard disk technologies to realize 2‐Gb/in 2 magnetic recording have been developed. An areal density is determined by a combination of a linear density and a track density. In this newly developed recording scheme a track density has been increased to 17 kTPI, equivalent to a level in an optical recording. A flying height is 0.055 m̈m and a longitudinal recording method has been employed. Several new technologies including a narrow‐track composite magnetic head, a low‐noise longitudinal bilayer magnetic medium, high‐sensitive position detection scheme using a semiconductor laser, and accurate positioning mechanics using a dual‐stage actuator have been developed. These technologies are combined into a 3.5‐inch rigid disk drive system. An ultrahigh‐density recording of 2‐GB/in 2 , which is 10 to 20 times larger compared to a current density, has been confirmed to be possible in combination with a signal processing technology which can cope with a deterioration in the reproduced signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).
Design and fabrication of a diffractive optical element as a spectrum-splitting solar concentrator for lateral multijunction solar cells (2013)

We have designed a single thin planar diffractive optical element (DOE) based on the principle of diffractive optics to simultaneously split and concentrate the incident light into several energy ranges for lateral multijunction solar cells. A prototype with the maximum thickness of 6.95 μm and 32 quantized levels in depth was fabricated by photolithographic technology. The spectrum-splitting and concentrating performance of the prototype, which were measured quantitatively, show good agreement with the simulation results. As mass production of a DOE can be produced by imprint technology, our design provides a feasible means for low-cost, large-scale, and high-efficiency photovoltaic applications.
Enhancement of calcium uptake and phosphatidylinositol turnover by epidermal growth factor in A-431 cells (1981)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the incorporation of 32Pi and [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol (5-10-fold) in A-431 cells. EGF also stimulates the incorporation of 32Pi into phosphatidic acid (up to 10-fold). These effects are attributed to an acceleration of the turnover of phosphatidylinositol as a consequence of the binding of EGF to its membrane receptor. The extent of the phosphatidylinositol response to EGF parallels the extent of hormone binding. The phosphatidylinositol response to EGF appears to be dependent on an influx of calcium since (a) external calcium is required for the enhancement of phosphatidylinositol turnover, (2) the accumulation of 45Ca by A-431 cells is stimulated by EGF, (3) blockage of calcium influx with LaCl3 inhibits stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover, and (4) calcium influx via ionophore A23187 is sufficient to stimulate phosphatidylinositol turnover. Since the binding, internalization, and degradation of 125I-labeled EGF in A-431 cells are unaffected by the omission of calcium from the medium, external calcium and phosphatidylinositol turnover are not necessary for the internalization and degradation of the EGF-receptor complex.
Experimental 3C-SiC MOSFET (1986)

Cubic-SiC (3C-SiC) MOSFET's were successfully fabricated for the first time on a 3C-SiC film heteroepitaxially grown on an Si substrate. The device showed acceptable static characteristics. A novel device structure was devised, which enabled the use of conventional equipment for silicon devices, and eliminated dedicated processes for a stable and rigid SiC film.
A VLSI array processor for neural network algorithms (2002)

A chip based on a new scalable parallel systolic VLSI architecture is presented for executing the compute-bound algorithmic primitives used by search and learning algorithms in neural networks and low-level signal processing. The architecture combines high performance with a high grade of flexibility for all types and sizes of neural networks. The processor chip can be connected to form 1-D and 2-D arrays. By offering an accuracy of 16 b for input and 47 b for output data, the chip achieves 800M connections/s at 50 MHz. It is realized in 1.0-/spl mu/m CMOS (610K transistors on 13.7 /spl times/ 13.7 mm/sup 2/) and has a total data bandwidth of 10.9 Gb/s.
Room-Temperature Electrical Properties of Ten I-III-VI2 Semiconductors (1972)

The room-temperature electrical properties of ten I-III-VI2 (I=Cu, Ag; III=Al, Ga, In; VI=S, Se) compounds are presented. The resistivities of eight of these compounds are rapidly changed by annealing under maximum and minimum chalcogen pressures. The Cu compounds can readily be made p type, a feature lacking in the analogous II-VI compounds. However, the Cu compounds with energy gaps of 1.7 eV or above have not been made n type.
A Study of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Manufacturing Industry inIndia: An Emerging Economic Opportunity of GDP Growth and Challenges (2016)

The economic development of a country is based on its Industries Revolution with more production and promotion (Less Import and more Export of Product ) which are mostly possible through the revolution of agriculture, industries etc. in many sectors . The developments are easily possible when Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) comes to India and enters in 1991. It is an important source of Economic development in India, because it helps to bring close the different economies of the country by investing capital through FDI in various resources like manufacturing, infrastructure, transport, technology, services, productivity and hospitality etc. This paper seeks to present “The Role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Manufacturing Industry in India: An Emerging Opportunity of GDP Growth and its Challenges” particularly studies about the role and Importance of FDI in manufacturing sector. Here, the researcher has taken the hypothesis (Ho), maximization of FDI in manufacturing Sector in Industry it develops the economic condition of the factory as well as the Country with maximizing GDP (He). Where this paper taken two variables of study for extracts how it impact on the manufacturing sector of the country and how it affects the economic growth of GDP. It analyzes about the growth of economy and manufacturing sector of Indian Companies due to liberalization of Economic Policy of the Country as well as the policy framed by the honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Damodar Das Modi’s dream Project of “Make in India” and Smart Cities” etc. In this research article, the researcher has focused on the center of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on manufacturing Industries of India. By investing more FDI it facilitates the economic development & as well as increase the growth of the domestic Product (GDP) of the country and found its positive impact in every sector of industrial life and Human life in order to maintain a sustainable & moderate life style.
Correlation of Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetic Parameters with Side Effects in Kidney Transplant Patients Treated with Mycophenolate Mofetil (2001)

Our results demonstrate a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship between MPA and clinical events. At a fixed dose of 2 g/day, a high C(30) is associated with increased risk for side effects. This study suggests that dividing the MMF daily oral dose into more than two divided doses might prevent early MPA toxicity.
Low-Dose IFN- <i>α</i> Monotherapy in Treatment-Naive Individuals with HIV-1 Infection: Evidence of Potent Suppression of Viral Replication (2001)

To evaluate the safety and antiviral action of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in HIV-1 infection, we undertook a proof of concept study in 27 treatment-naive patients. Eligible patients comprised two groups: the IFN-alphaT group (n = 17), which received 5 MIU IFN-alpha s.c. daily for 32 consecutive days, and the IFN-alphaNT group (n = 10), which did not receive IFN-alpha prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which was commenced on day 28 in both groups. IFN-alphaTreatment was well tolerated in 14 of the 17 patients of the IFN-alphaT group who completed the study. The mean HIV RNA reduction in the IFN-alphaT group on day 14 was 1.1 log(10). Viral load suppression was inversely associated with baseline viral load (p = 0.031). Four weeks after initiation of HAART, IFN-alphaT and IFN-alphaNT group patients had 2.40 and 1.82 log(10) HIV RNA reduction from baseline, respectively (p < 0.001). There was no evidence of cross-resistance with existing antiretrovirals in patients with HIV-RNA rebound after initial plasma viral load decline > or = 1 log(10) during IFN-alpha monotherapy. Thus, low daily IFN-alpha exhibits potent anti-HIV-1 activity in vivo without serious adverse effects. These properties render IFN-alpha an attractive candidate for further assessment as a constituent of HAART.
Two-Phase Approach for the Expression of High-Affinity Human Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immunoglobulin Fab Domains in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

We describe here a two-phase approach for the development of high-affinity human anti-HIV immunoglobulin Fab domains in a bacterial expression system. The first phase of this technique involves the generation of human hybridoma cell lines producing high-affinity antibodies (MAbs). Anti-HIV-1 human MAbs from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were prepared from an HIV-1-seropositive patient and from an HIV-1-seronegative volunteer immunized with HIV-1 rgp160. One MAb (T15G1), derived from the blood of the seropositive donor, was specific for HIV-1 gp41, recognized gp41 on the surface of HIV-1-infected cells and bound this antigen with an apparent dissociation constant of 4 x 10(-10) M. A second MAb (M7B5), developed from the immunized volunteer, was specific for HIV-1 gp120 with a dissociation constant on the order of 8 x 10(-10) M, but was unable to recognize cell surface antigen. In the second phase of this technique the Fab domains of these two MAbs were molecularly cloned into a bacterial expression vector. mRNA was isolated from the M7B5 and T15G1 hybridoma cell lines and used as a template for the production of cDNA. The cDNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and then fused, in frame, into a bacterial expression vector. The recombinant Fabs (rFabM7B5 and rFabT15G1) were expressed as dicistronic messages in bacteria using the IPTG-inducible lactose promoter (LacZ). DNA sequencing was used to define the gamma chain isotypes and the VH and VL chain gene usage. The binding specificities of rFabM7B5 and rFabT15G1 were indistinguishable from their respective intact MAbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Introduction of Arthroscopy to North America (2000)

Arthroscopy developed as an offshoot of cystoscopy. Various milestones in the development of endoscopy, and some of the individuals who made significant contributions to the development of arthroscopy are described. After World War II, technology improved and arthroscopy became a valuable adjunct to the armamentarium of the orthopaedic surgeon. There has been a tremendous surge of interest and development of arthroscopy since its reintroduction to North America in 1965. Arthroscopy ranks as one of the three most important contributions to orthopaedics in this past century.
Films with discrete nano-DLC-particles as the field emission cascade (2008)

The films with the discrete diamond-like-carbon nanoparticles were prepared by the deposition of the carbon nanoparticle beam. Their morphologies were imaged by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The nanoparticles were found distributed on the silicon (100) substrate discretely. The semisphere shapes of the nanoparticles were demonstrated by the AFM line profile. EELS was measured and the sp3 ratio as high as 86% was found. The field-induced electron emission of the as-prepared cascade (nanoDLC/ Si) was tested and the current density of 1mA/cm2 was achieved at 10.2V/{\mu}m.
S-band continuously-tunable slot-ring antennas for reconfigurable antenna array applications (2016)

This paper presents a continuously-tunable single-polarized slot-ring antenna operating at S band. The frequency tunability is achieved by loading the slot-ring antenna with varactors. By properly designing the feeding network and biasing circuits, the slot-ring antenna is able to cover 2-4 GHz. A prototype antenna was fabricated and measured. The measured return loss is better than 9 dB from 2.66 to 4.09 GHz. The antenna gain and radiation pattern are very close to simulation results. This tunable slot-ring antenna can be extended for a reconfigurable antenna array to cover both L band and S band by strategically placing switches and varactors inside the slots of the antenna. This novel antenna array is able to change its frequency, polarization and radiation pattern.
Genomic diversity of 24 Propionibacterium freudenreichii 1 strains (2011)

High-throughput sequencing technologies have the potential to decipher genomic diversity at a moderate cost. Propionibacterium freudenreichii is an Actinobacterium used in cheese technology (responsible for aroma and holes in Swiss cheese) and that has probiotic properties (bifidogenic and with anti-inflammatory properties in human and animal). 23 strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii covering 18 different sequence types out of 46 (Dalmasso et al. AEM 2010) were (i) sequenced by Solexa-Illumina paired-end sequencing and (ii) de novo assembled using Velvet software. Depending on strain, 63 to 166 scaffolds were obtained. These scaffolds were arranged along the reference genome CIRM-BIA1, previously obtained from traditional Sanger sequencing (Falentin et al. PlosOne 2010). For each strain, single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion deletion events were plotted against reference genome. Sequences were automatically annotated (by blastp and pattern matching) on the INRA AGMIAL platform. By bidirectional best-hit, each gene was attributed either to core genome or accessory genome. In some strains, some genes belonging to the accessory genome corresponded with genomic islands and confered peculiar phenotypes (ability to lactose degradation for exemple). In the future, screening of P. freudenreichii (~500 strains) collection on genetic basis at CIRM-BIA biological resource center (Rennes) will help in strain choice for cheese starter and probiotic market.
Ambient Temperature Cycling of an Na ‐ TiS2 Cell (1980)

Sodium‐titanium disulfide cells have been cycled at ambient temperature in sodium triethyl(N‐pyrrolyl)borate‐dioxolane electrolyte. During primary discharge at 2.5 mA/cm2 two voltage plateaus or steps are seen in plots of cell emf vs. sodium stoichiometry in and a limiting cathode composition is reached when is 0.8. During repeated discharge and recharge cycling the capacity of the higher voltage step is lost while the capacity of the lower voltage step remains essentially constant. A simple prismatic design for sodium organic electrolyte cells is described and characteristic properties of the electrolyte are discussed.
A study of six representative methods of plasma bilirubin analysis (1961)

The large number of modern methods which have been published for the determination of total bile pigments in the blood plasma indicates the difficulties of the estimation and suggests the need for a reliable standard method. In view of the present importance of plasma bilirubin levels in the diagnosis and treatment of jaundiced subjects, six analytical procedures have been studied, each chosen as far as possible, as a representative of a group of methods each embodying different principles.A spectrophotometric method (White, Haidar, and Reinhold, 1958) and five diazo coupling procedures (Jendrassik and Gróf, 1938; Powell, 1944; Perryman, Richards, and Holbrook, 1957; Stoner and Weisberg, 1957; Lathe and Ruthven, 1958) were investigated, and the results obtained by carrying out duplicate analyses by different methods on 54 stored and 64 fresh plasmas or sera are presented and discussed in this paper. An amount of haem pigment which can be detected visually in plasma is sufficient to cause a considerable underestimation of bilirubin by the method of Powell (1944) and overestimation by the method of Stoner and Weisberg (1957). Inferences drawn from serial estimations by these methods can therefore be misleading, and this is especially pertinent when results obtained from infant blood containing variable amounts of haem pigments are being assessed. Methods based on the original van den Bergh procedure with various preliminary steps of protein precipitation in alcoholic solutions at about pH4 give low and poorly reproducible results; losses due to the coprecipitation of bilirubin esters with protein have been confirmed. In our opinion such methods should be abandoned. Determination of total bilirubin by colour (White et al., 1958) is reliable only for plasma known to contain no lipochrome or ;directly-reacting' pigment; total bile pigment may be overestimated by this technique in plasma containing conjugated bilirubin. We consider that the method of Lathe and Ruthven (1958) is to be preferred for use on a routine basis. It is conveniently simple, and under all conditions normally encountered gives results sufficiently accurate and reproducible for clinical use. When this or any other procedure is used, a primary standardization between different laboratories with sera containing known amounts of added bilirubin is essential if comparable results are to be obtained.
Gamma Irradiation and the Microbial Population of Soils at Two Water Contents (1967)

Abstract Thirty‐gram soil samples, in plastic tissue culture dishes (60 × 15 mm), were irradiated with gamma rays (8000 curie Co‐60 source) at doses ranging from 0 to 3 million rads. Fungal and bacterial plus actinomycetal counts were made by plating soil suspensions on rose bengal‐streptomycin agar and egg albumin agar, respectively. Plates were incubated for 4 to 8 days before counting. The numbers of fungal and bacterial units reflected differences in survival among the microbial populations from soil samples taken at three horizons within field profiles. Microbial counts in the soils at 30% water content (by weight) were generally reduced to zero at lower radiation doses than those in the air‐dry soils. One million rads were required to kill all fungi, but 2 to 3 million rads were required to kill all bacteria in a 30‐g soil sample. At a given water content, samples with the higher initial microbial populations required greater radiation doses for sterilization than samples with lower populations. For small soil samples, exposure to gamma radiation proved a rapid and efficient method of sterilization.
[Cytogenetic study of acute and chronic leukemias]. (1989)

From 1983 to 1987 we studied 30 patients with leukemia searching for chromosomal alterations. Cytogenetic studies of bone marrow showed an abnormal karyotype in 19 (67%). Seven out of 14 cases of acute leukemia presented different chromosomic alterations. The Philadelphia chromosome was found in 11 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and 3 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia; a Pseudo-Philadelphia chromosome was present in one patient, this being the first such finding in Chile. Thus, the karyotype is a valuable complementary study not only in chronic myeloid leukemia but also in chronic lymphatic leukemia and the acute lymphoblastic and non-lymphoblastic varieties.
<i>S5H/DMR6</i> Encodes a Salicylic Acid 5-Hydroxylase That Fine-Tunes Salicylic Acid Homeostasis (2017)

The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) plays essential roles in biotic and abiotic responses, plant development, and leaf senescence. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA or gentisic acid) is one of the most commonly occurring aromatic acids in green plants and is assumed to be generated from SA, but the enzymes involved in its production remain obscure. DMR6 (Downy Mildew Resistant6; At5g24530) has been proven essential in plant immunity of Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>), but its biochemical properties are not well understood. Here, we report the discovery and functional characterization of DMR6 as a salicylic acid 5-hydroxylase (S5H) that catalyzes the formation of 2,5-DHBA by hydroxylating SA at the C5 position of its phenyl ring in Arabidopsis. S5H/DMR6 specifically converts SA to 2,5-DHBA in vitro and displays higher catalytic efficiency (<i>K</i><sub>cat</sub>/<i>K</i><sub>m</sub> = 4.96 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) than the previously reported S3H (<i>K</i><sub>cat</sub>/<i>K</i><sub>m</sub> = 6.09 × 10<sup>3</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) for SA. Interestingly, S5H/DMR6 displays a substrate inhibition property that may enable automatic control of its enzyme activities. The <i>s5h</i> mutant and <i>s5hs3h</i> double mutant overaccumulate SA and display phenotypes such as a smaller growth size, early senescence, and a loss of susceptibility to <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv <i>tomato</i> DC3000. <i>S5H</i>/<i>DMR6</i> is sensitively induced by SA/pathogen treatment and is expressed widely from young seedlings to senescing plants, whereas <i>S3H</i> is more specifically expressed at the mature and senescing stages. Collectively, our results disclose the identity of the enzyme required for 2,5-DHBA formation and reveal a mechanism by which plants fine-tune SA homeostasis by mediating SA 5-hydroxylation.
Is intestinal inflammation linking dysbiosis to gut barrier dysfunction during liver disease? (2015)

Changes in the intestinal microbiota composition contribute to the pathogenesis of many disorders including gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Recent studies have broadened our understanding of the “gut-liver” axis. Dietary changes, other environmental and genetic factors can lead to alterations in the microbiota. Dysbiosis can further disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier leading to pathological bacterial translocation and the initiation of an inflammatory response in the liver. In this article, the authors dissect the different steps involved in disease pathogenesis to further refine approaches for the medical management of liver diseases. The authors will specifically discuss the role of dysbiosis in inducing intestinal inflammation and increasing intestinal permeability.
Concurrent programming in web applications (2014)

Abstract Modern web applications are concurrently used by many users and provide increasingly interactive features. Multi-core processors, highly distributed backend architectures, and new web technologies force a reconsideration of approaches for concurrent programming in order to fulfil scalability demands and to implement modern web application features. We provide a survey on different concepts and techniques of concurrency inside web architectures and guide through viable concurrency alternatives for architects and developers.
Optimization of the ethylene oxide sterilization process. (1989)

Hospitals and manufacturers of medical supplies use ethylene oxide (EO) gas almost exclusively to sterilize devices that are heat sensitive. However, the evidence relating the mutagenicity and cytogeneticity shows the desirability of reducing personal exposure to a practical minimum.