gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Setting an example: food and health policy within the National Health Service (1987)

The factors involved in implementing Food and Health Policies within the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) have been examined with special reference to three District Health Authorities which have pioneered work in this area. A point of view is presented of the standardized approaches developed for education programmes aimed at stimulating interest and increasing the knowledge of consumers and health educators, and of the practical dietary modifications required in adapting recipes of traditional dishes and in decreasing or replacing unsuitable menu choices. The level of commitment and practical limitations of the catering departments can be identified as the most frequent rate-determining element in policy implementation. However, the necessary changes can often be presented to catering departments as interesting challenges with possible financial advantages. The structure of the NHS offers particular opportunities for establishing and evaluating Food and Health Policy: staff from many disciplines can become involved in a programme of preventive medicine which is also likely to lead to improvements in patient-care networks. Organization at district level, however, has tended to result in duplication of effort, errors and costs. Although studies to evaluate Food and Health Policies have been designed in most districts, to date these have tended to concentrate on catering aspects. Full assessment of the policies will only be possible if standardised methods of evaluation are integrated into all stages of implementation programmes.
Photoacoustic Instruments for Practical Applications: Present, Potentials, and Future Challenges (2011)

Abstract Gas concentration monitoring by photoacoustic spectroscopy is reviewed from the point of view of practical applicability. Major challenges, which stem from the complexity of the measurement method, are thoroughly discussed and the possibility for long-term reliable and automatic measurements is demonstrated.
Studies on the growth of the fetal sheep. Effects of surgical reduction in placental size, or experimental manipulation of uterine blood flow on plasma sulphation promoting activity and on the concentration of insulin-like growth factors I and II. (1988)

The effect of long- and short-term manipulations of uterine blood flow on fetal plasma levels of IGF-I and -II have been studied in sheep at days 125-139 of pregnancy and compared with those in near term rats and guinea pig. The primary objective is to show that both long- and short-term reduction of uterine blood flow is associated with increase in the fetal plasma concentration of IGF-II while that of IGF-I falls. In the pregnant sheep long-term depression of utero-placental blood flow was caused by surgical reduction in placental mass (carunclectomy) prior to conception. This reduced fetal weight to 2.42 +/- 0.49 kg (SD) compared with 3.41 +/- 0.46 in controls; the respective values for uterine blood flow being 1694 +/- 558 and 913 +/- 324 ml/min respectively. This was associated with a fall in fetal plasma IGF-I concentration from 22.6 +/- 3.4 ng/ml to 14.9 +/- 1.31 ng/ml and a rise in IGF-II from 1952 +/- 284 ng/ml to 3360 +/- 914 ng/ml respectively. Similar changes in the plasma concentrations of IGF peptides were observed in fetal rats and guinea pigs in response to uterine artery ligation. Short-term reduction (60 min) of the uterine blood flow was caused either by compression of the common uterine artery to depress flow from 1491 +/- 375 to 648 +/- 216 ml/min or through intraarterial infusion of adrenaline at 35 ug/min to lower flow from 1628 +/- 339 to 1195 +/- 128 ml/min. Such falls in uterine blood flow had no significant effect on fetal plasma IGF-I levels but increased IGF-II levels by 30 to 60%.
Viral Oncogenes, Noncoding RNAs, and RNA Splicing in Human Tumor Viruses (2010)

Viral oncogenes are responsible for oncogenesis resulting from persistent virus infection. Although different human tumor viruses express different viral oncogenes and induce different tumors, their oncoproteins often target similar sets of cellular tumor suppressors or signal pathways to immortalize and/or transform infected cells. Expression of the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes in papillomavirus, E1A and E1B oncogenes in adenovirus, large T and small t antigen in polyomavirus, and Tax oncogene in HTLV-1 are regulated by alternative RNA splicing. However, this regulation is only partially understood. DNA tumor viruses also encode noncoding RNAs, including viral microRNAs, that disturb normal cell functions. Among the determined viral microRNA precursors, EBV encodes 25 from two major clusters (BART and BHRF1), KSHV encodes 12 from a latent region, human polyomavirus MCV produce only one microRNA from the late region antisense to early transcripts, but HPVs appears to produce no viral microRNAs.
Recueil d’Études géographiques concernant le territoire de la République populaire roumaine. Publiées à l’occasion du XIXe congrès international de géographie, Stockholm, 1960. Institut de géologie, géophysique et géographie. Bucarest, Éditions de l’Académie de la République populaire roumaine, 1960. 178 pages. Nombreuses cartes dans le texte et plusieurs cartes en couleurs hors texte. (1960)

Recueil d’Études géographiques concernant le territoire de la République populaire roumaine. Publiées à l’occasion du XIXe congrès international de géographie, Stockholm, 1960. Institut de géologie, géophysique et géographie. Bucarest, Éditions de l’Académie de la République populaire roumaine, 1960. 178 pages. Nombreuses cartes dans le texte et plusieurs cartes en couleurs hors texte.. Un article de la revue Cahiers de géographie du Québec (Mélanges géographiques canadiens offerts à Raoul Blanchard) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Plasma hypercoagulability in haemodialysis patient: impact of dialysis and anticoagulation (1997)

A majority of patients on dialysis are in a hypercoagulable state, which is further aggravated by the haemodialysis procedure itself and may not be sufficiently controlled with current anticoagulation regimens. Intensified heparin treatment and the use of rhEPO are likely to improve coagulation haemostasis, whereas the type of dialyzer should be considered as a relevant procoagulatory factor.
Predicting Availability of Mobile Peers in Large Peer-to-Peer Networks (2013)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications for mobile devices are becoming more and more popular because of increasing bandwidth, computational performance and storage capabilities. Such a mobile based distributed architecture offers significant advantages in several scenarios from the perspective of both users and network operators. In these situations, a certain redundancy must be built into the system because the availability of the nodes can vary greatly. The goal of this paper is to present a methodology to minimize the necessary redundancy by predicting the number of available nodes. The prediction is performed in two steps, first an estimation is done locally at the node level, then a centralized aggregation is executed. We propose a hypothesis which highlights the key advantages of our solution when compared to single step estimation. Finally we discuss about the correctness of the computed redundancy.
Popular song and lyrics synchronization and its application to music information retrieval (2006)

An automatic synchronization system of the popular song and its lyrics is presented in the paper. The system includes two main components: a) automatically detecting vocal/non-vocal in the audio signal and b) automatically aligning the acoustic signal of the song with its lyric using speech recognition techniques and positioning the boundaries of the lyrics in its acoustic realization at the multiple levels simultaneously (e.g. the word / syllable level and phrase level). The GMM models and a set of HMM-based acoustic model units are carefully designed and trained for the detection and alignment. To eliminate the severe mismatch due to the diversity of musical signal and sparse training data available, the unsupervised adaptation technique such as <i>maximum likelihood linear regression </i>(MLLR) is exploited for tailoring the models to the real environment, which improves robustness of the synchronization system. To further reduce the effect of the missed non-vocal music on alignment, a novel grammar net is build to direct the alignment. As we know, this is the first automatic synchronization system only based on the low-level acoustic feature such as MFCC. We evaluate the system on a Chinese song dataset collecting from 3 popular singers. We obtain 76.1% for the boundary accuracy at the syllable level (BAS) and 81.5% for the boundary accuracy at the phrase level (BAP) using fully automatic vocal/non-vocal detection and alignment. The synchronization system has many applications such as multi-modality (audio and textual) content-based popular song browsing and retrieval. Through the study, we would like to open up the discussion of some challenging problems when developing a robust synchronization system for largescale database.
An Automated Data-Driven Pipeline for Improving Heterologous Enzyme Expression (2019)

Enzymes are the ultimate entities responsible for chemical transformations in natural and engineered biosynthetic pathways. However, many natural enzymes suffer from suboptimal functional expression due to poor intrinsic protein stability. Further, stability enhancing mutations often come at the cost of impaired function. Here we demonstrate an automated protein engineering strategy for stabilizing enzymes while retaining catalytic function using deep mutational scanning coupled to multiple-filter based screening and combinatorial mutagenesis. We validated this strategy by improving the functional expression of a Type III polyketide synthase from the Atropa belladonna biosynthetic pathway for tropane alkaloids. The best variant had a total of 8 mutations with over 25-fold improved activity over wild-type in E. coli cell lysates, an improved melting temperature of 11.5 ± 0.6 °C, and only minimal reduction in catalytic efficiency. We show that the multiple-filter approach maintains acceptable sensitivity with homology modeling structures up to 4 Å RMS. Our results highlight an automated protein engineering tool for improving the stability and solubility of difficult to express enzymes, which has impact for biotechnological applications.
Thallium dopant in lead chalcogenides: investigation methods and peculiarities (1998)

The body of experimental and theoretical data on transport phenomena, optical absorption, low-temperature heat capacity, tunnelling spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, superconductivity, and self-compensation are summarized for thallium-doped lead chalcogenides PbM (M = Te, Se, S) and PbM-based solid solutions. The physical properties of the semiconducting compounds are explained in a unified manner using the concept of resonance Tl states located in the valence band of the compound. The basic parameters of resonance impurity states are estimated and their dependences on temperature, pressure, and material composition are determined.
Detection processes for severely distorted digital signals (1979)

The paper describes five detection processes that are significant improvements of some recent developments of the Viterbi-algorithm detector. The new processes do not involve either excessive storage or an excessive number of operations per received signal-element, and do not require the use of an adaptive linear filter ahead of the detector, being therefore well suited to applications of digital data transmission over practical voice-frequency channels. Results of computer-simulation tests are presented comparing the tolerances to additive Gaussian noise of the new detection processes with those of the original processes, for many different channels
Impurity-Induced Tuning of Quantum-Well States in Spin-Dependent Resonant Tunneling (2004)

We report exact model calculations of the spin-dependent tunneling in double magnetic tunnel junctions in the presence of impurities in the well. We show that the impurity can tune selectively the spin channels giving rise to a wide variety of interesting and novel transport phenomena. The tunneling magnetoresistance, the spin polarization, and the local current can be dramatically enhanced or suppressed by impurities. The underlying mechanism is the impurity-induced shift of the quantum well states (QWSs), which depends on the impurity potential, impurity position, and the symmetry of the QWS.
Dynamic resource allocation with interference avoidance for fixed wireless systems (2002)

In this paper, we propose an inter-cell interference management technique, called dynamic resource allocation with interference avoidance (DRA-IA), for fixed broadband wireless systems with narrow sectors or equipped with fixed or adaptive array antennas. The basic idea of DRA-IA is for every base to periodically "turn-off" each of its beams (sectors) for a certain amount of time. This periodic turn-off introduces a predictable non-uniformity in a terminal's performance, and therefore permits each terminal to identify a preferred time period for transmission. DRA-IA requires and that each user sense the interference over time, select the preferred transmission periods, and report these to the base. The resource allocation algorithm at the base can then use this information for obtaining the appropriate "beam-turn-off" sequence and for scheduling transmissions. We demonstrate that DRA-IA provides a marked improvement in the packet error rate performance of "disadvantaged" terminals. This improvement translates directly to improved coverage and throughput, and also reduces the burden on higher layer protocols to ensure fairness and quality of service.
Interactions between Organized, Surface-Confined Monolayers and Vapor-Phase Probe Molecules. 10. Preparation and Properties of Chemically Sensitive Dendrimer Surfaces (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTInteractions between Organized, Surface-Confined Monolayers and Vapor-Phase Probe Molecules. 10. Preparation and Properties of Chemically Sensitive Dendrimer SurfacesMona Wells and Richard M. CrooksView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843-3255 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 16, 3988–3989Publication Date (Web):April 24, 1996Publication History Received12 January 1996Published online24 April 1996Published inissue 24 April 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960097ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960097irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1004Altmetric-Citations260LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Amides,Carbonyls,Dendrons,Monolayers Get e-Alerts
Metabolic Disorders in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (1978)

Metabolic balance studies were carried out in 17 unselected patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Widespread metabolic disturbances were observed. Serum Na fell below 135 mmol/1 in 14 patients (82%) and 11 patients (64%) developed hypokalaemia. An increased osmolal clearance caused by a release of electrolyte and blast cell waste (i.e. urea, urate, etc.) during chemotherapy appeared to be the principle cause of natriuresis and hyperkaluria. Seven patients had proteinuria before and eight others developed it during antileukemic therapy. Nine patients (53%) developed proximal renal tubular dysfunction with aminoaciduria, hyperphosphaturia and incomplete reabsorption of urate. No significant relation was found between this widespread glomerulo-tubular dysfunction and lysozymuria. We suggest that antileukaemic drugs release unidentified substances from blast cells which are toxic to the kidney. Metabolic alkalosis in six patients (35%) was probably related to volume depletion and hypokalaemia, while two patients developed acidaemia with the onset of renal failure. Hypocalcemia in seven patients (41%) had a multifactorial basis: hyperphosphaturia, septicaemia, malnutrition and cytotoxic drugs were among the probable causes.
Effect of composition and joining parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of silicon carbide joints (2010)

Powder- and tape-like joining materials composed of SiC with Al–B–C (ABC) or Al–B4C–C (ABCC) sintering additives were used for the joining of SiC. The effect of interlayer composition, joining temperature and particle size of SiC on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC joints was studied. The results indicated that the tape-like adhesive introduces denser microstructure of interlayer relative to the powder-like one under the same conditions. It was demonstrated that using fine starting SiC powder instead of coarse one enhances the densification process of SiC joints. As joined at 1650°C, the microstructure of interlayer is improved gradually with the increasing Al content from 1 to 6 wt % in composition while slightly affected by the forms of additives, i.e. ABCC additive having the equal action to ABC one on the densification of joints. At higher joining temperature of 1750°C, the microstructure of interlayer containing 3 wt % Al almost does not change while that containing 6 wt % degrades. SiC joints with strength higher than 344 MPa have been produced by using optimized joining variables, where the fracture of bonded SiC generally occurs within the SiC substrate.
All-Optical Switching of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Single Subpicosecond Laser Pulses (2017)

Injecting charge or spin current can switch the magnetization in a spintronic device without an applied magnetic field, at a speed limited by spin precession. Optical switching can beat this limit, but has been achieved only in single magnetic layers, not full devices. The authors demonstrate switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), the building blocks of spintronic technology, with 0.4-ps infrared laser pulses. Their junctions use Gd-Fe-Co alloy, which after being heated by a pulse spontaneously relaxes to the opposite magnetic state---at 100 times the record speed for MTJ switching.
Theoretical Evidence of PtSn Alloy Efficiency for CO Oxidation (2006)

The efficiency of PtSn alloy surfaces toward CO oxidation is demonstrated from first-principles theory. Oxidation kinetics based on atomistic density-functional theory calculations shows that the Pt3Sn surface alloy exhibits a promising catalytic activity for fuel cells. At room temperature, the corresponding rate outstrips the activity of Pt(111) by several orders of magnitude. According to the oxidation pathways, the activation barriers are actually lower on Pt3Sn(111) and Pt3Sn/Pt(111) surfaces than on Pt(111). A generalization of Hammer's model is proposed to elucidate the key role of tin on the lowering of the barriers. Among the energy contributions, a correlation is evidenced between the decrease of the barrier and the strengthening of the attractive interaction energy between CO and O moieties. The presence of tin modifies also the symmetry of the transition states which are composed of a CO adsorbate on a Pt near-top position and an atomic O adsorption on an asymmetric mixed PtSn bridge site. Along the reaction pathways, a CO2 chemisorbed surface intermediate is obtained on all the surfaces. These results are supported by a thorough vibrational analysis including the coupling with the surface phonons which reveals the existence of a stretching frequency between the metal substrate and the CO2 molecule.
Design of a 75 kW - 167 rpm axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor for copper mining applications (2006)

The rise in energy costs in the last five years has compelled the copper mining industry to encourage researchers to develop more efficient drives. It is under this scope that the authors of this paper are proposing the design optimization and construction of a 75 kW - 167 rpm central-stator permanent-magnet axial-flux synchronous-motor in order to drive, without any velocity adjustment mechanism, the flotation cell paddles used to concentrate the copper minerals. The geometrical quantities were optimized for maximum efficiency and the design incorporates in the data the load angle (delta). A 120degC as average temperature in the stator windings and demagnetizing effect were considered. Also cogging-torque reduction techniques are proposed and evaluated with a finite element software. The paper contains the complete algorithm and the results match those observed in an 8 kW laboratory prototype
<sub>79</sub> Au Gold‐Based Metallotherapeutics: Use and Potential (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Preamble The Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold Gold in Medicine Metabolism of Gold Drugs Pharmacological Potential of Gold Complexes Other Potential Clinical Applications of Au(I) Complexes Conclusions and Outlook Acknowledgements References
Aufbaureaktion Redux: Scalable Production of Precision Hydrocarbons from AlR<sub>3</sub> (R=Et or <i>i</i>Bu) by Dialkyl Zinc Mediated Ternary Living Coordinative Chain‐Transfer Polymerization (2010)

Metal ménage à trois: Rapid and reversible chain transfer under living conditions between an active transition-metal propagating species, AlR3 as a primary surrogate, and a catalytic amount of ZnR2 as a secondary surrogate and chain-transfer mediator provides a cost-effective, scalable process for the production of precision hydrocarbons. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.