gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering of Molecular Gases (1977)

An experimental system based upon a single-mode ruby laser and a ruby-pumped dye laser has been developed to investigate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) of molecular gases. The CARS system is capable of both broad- and narrow-band operation. Theoretical and experimental results obtained using this system for such gases as H2, HF, CO, N2, and CH4 are given. In particular, real-time CARS spectra of these gases have been obtained for rotational temperature estimations and the pressure dependence of integrated CARS intensity has been determined. In addition, the effect of media turbulence upon laser-beam propagation and upon the CARS process has been investigated. Results of CARS measurements on a laboratory rocket-engine plume are also presented.
Rearrangements of Substituted 3-Aza-1,2,5-hexatrienes. 3. The Scope and Versatility of an Extremely Mild 3-Aza-Cope Reaction (1996)

An investigation of the [3,3]-sigmatropic reaction of substituted 3-aza-1,2,5-hexatrienes to give 4-pentenenitriles is presented. This reaction has been found to occur under a wide variety of reactions conditions (10 are reported) starting from readily available N-allylamides. In contrast to other 3-aza-Cope reactions, this process occurs at room temperature, under essentially neutral conditions, allowing for the facile preparation of substituted nitrile products in moderate to excellent yields. The scope and versatility of this reaction are demonstrated by its use on a wide variety of substrates, including nitrogen- and oxygen-substituted amides. The rearrangements of cis- and trans-4-tert-butyl-N-allylcyclohexanecarboxamides 16a and 16b are reported and were found to give a ratio of axial to equatorial (A:E) products consistent with A:E ratios found for other related sigmatropic reactions. The stereochemical requirements for this reaction appear to be similar to other [3,3]-rearrangements even though the transition state for this rearrangement is most likely neither boat nor chairlike.
Face recognition under varying facial expression based on Perceived Facial Images and local feature matching (2012)

Face recognition is becoming a difficult process because of the generally similar shapes of faces and because of the numerous variations between images of the same face. A face recognition system aims at recognizing a face in a manner that is as independent as possible of these image variations. Such variations make face recognition, on the basis of appearance, a difficult task. This paper attempts to overcome the variations of facial expression and proposes a biological vision-based facial description, namely Perceived Facial Images (PFIs), applied to facial images for 2D face recognition. Based on the intermediate facial description, SIFT-based feature matching is then carried out to calculate similarity measures between a given probe face and the gallery ones. Because the proposed biological vision-based facial description generates a PFI for each quantized gradient orientation of facial images, we further propose a weighted sum rule based fusion scheme. The proposed approach was tested on three facial expression databases: the Cohn and Kanade Facial Expression Database, the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) Database and the FEEDTUM Database. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effective wet clean method to eliminate unwanted growth SiGe defect in FinFET (2015)

An effective wet clean method to remove unwanted growth SiGe defect in FinFET Junction sector was demonstrated in a single wafer clean toolset. The unwanted growth SiGe defect was known due to the tiny metallic particles (<;10nm) from chemical sources in pre SiGe growth clean step. The new wet clean method can remove tiny metallic particles efficiently and obtain better surface particles performance on FinFET production wafers.
Recurrent Tissue-Specific mtDNA Mutations Are Common in Humans (2013)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation can affect phenotypic variation; therefore, knowing its distribution within and among individuals is of importance to understanding many human diseases. Intra-individual mtDNA variation (heteroplasmy) has been generally assumed to be random. We used massively parallel sequencing to assess heteroplasmy across ten tissues and demonstrate that in unrelated individuals there are tissue-specific, recurrent mutations. Certain tissues, notably kidney, liver and skeletal muscle, displayed the identical recurrent mutations that were undetectable in other tissues in the same individuals. Using RFLP analyses we validated one of the tissue-specific mutations in the two sequenced individuals and replicated the patterns in two additional individuals. These recurrent mutations all occur within or in very close proximity to sites that regulate mtDNA replication, strongly implying that these variations alter the replication dynamics of the mutated mtDNA genome. These recurrent variants are all independent of each other and do not occur in the mtDNA coding regions. The most parsimonious explanation of the data is that these frequently repeated mutations experience tissue-specific positive selection, probably through replication advantage.
Clinical value of portal venous pressure based on three dimensional reconstruction model of portal vein combined with finite element analysis in patients with portal hypertension (2020)

Objective
To study the clinical value of three-dimensional CT reconstruction model of portal venous system combined with finite element analysis to measure portal venous pressure in patients with portal hypertension.


Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 27 patients who were diagnosed to have portal hypertension at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from May 2016 to May 2018. There were 17 males and 10 females, with ages ranging from 34 to 77 years (mean 56 years). All these patients underwent transjugular intrahepatic portal venous shunt (TIPS) during which the portal venous pressure was measured. The imaging data was imported into the three-dimensional software of medical imaging to reconstruct the three dimensional model of portal vein, and the finite element analysis software of ANSYS was used to calculate the portal venous pressure by calculation with given boundary conditions. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the actual measurement of portal venous pressure and the predicted value.


Results
The actual measured value of portal vein pressure before TIPS in 27 patients with portal hypertension was (3 783±930) Pa, and the predicted value was (4 238±1 218) Pa. There was no significant difference (P>0.05). The predicted value of portal venous pressure was positively correlated with the actual measured value (r=0.402, 95%CI: 0.026-0.678, P<0.05).


Conclusion
Non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure based on three-dimensional portal venous reconstruction combined with finite element analysis correlated with actual portal venous pressure in patients with portal hypertension.


Key words: 
Hypertension, portal; Imaging, three-dimensional; Multislice spiral computerized tomography; Correlation
Nuevos hipnóticos no benzodiacepínicos: II.Ciclopirrolonas (1996)

A systematic approach to assess the fate of selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, naproxen, diclofenac, clofibric acid and caffeine) in hydroponic mesocosms is described. The overall objective was to determine the kinetics of depletion (from solution) and plant uptake for these compounds in mesocosms planted with S. validus growing hydroponically. The potential for translocation of these pharmaceuticals from the roots to the shoots was also assessed. After 21 days of incubation, nearly all of the caffeine, naproxen and diclofenac were eliminated from solution, whereas carbamazepine and clofibric acid were recalcitrant to both photodegradation and biodegradation. The fact that the BAFs for roots for carbamazepine and clofibric acid were greater than 5, while the BAFs for naproxen, diclofenac and caffeine were less than 5, implied that the latter two compounds although recalcitrant to biodegradation, still had relatively high potential for plant uptake. Naproxen was sensitive to both photodegradation (30-42%) and biodegradation (>50%), while diclofenac was particularly sensitive (>70%) to photodegradation alone. No significant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between the rate constants of depletion or plant tissue levels of the pharmaceuticals and either log Kow or log Dow.
Subcellular Distribution and Turnover of Presenilins in Transfected Cells (1998)

The mechanisms by which mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1) and presenilin-2 (PS2) result in the Alzheimer's disease phenotype are unclear. Full-length PS1 and PS2 are each processed into stable proteolytic fragments after their biosynthesis in transfected cells. PS1 and PS2 have been localized by immunocytochemistry to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartments, but previous studies could not differentiate between the full-length presenilin proteins and their fragments. We carried out subcellular fractionation of cells stably transfected with PS1 or PS2 to determine the localization of full-length presenilins and their fragments. Full-length PS1 and PS2 were principally distributed in ER fractions, whereas the N- and C-terminal fragments were localized predominantly to the Golgi fractions. In cells expressing the PS1 mutant lacking exon 9 (DeltaE9), we observed only full-length molecules that were present in the ER and Golgi fractions. The turnover rate was considerably slower for the DeltaE9 holoprotein, apparently due to decreased degradation within the ER. Our results suggest that that full-length presenilin proteins are primarily ER resident molecules and undergo endoproteolysis within the ER. The fragments are subsequently transported to the Golgi compartment, where their turnover rate is much slower than that of the full-length presenilin in the ER.
Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channel α<sub>2</sub>-δ Ligands for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTCa2+ Channel α2-δ Ligands for the Treatment of Neuropathic PainMark J. Field, Zheng Li, and Jacob B. SchwarzView Author Information Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, and Sandwich Laboratories, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2007, 50, 11, 2569–2575Publication Date (Web):May 10, 2007Publication History Received1 June 2006Published online10 May 2007Published inissue 1 May 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm060650zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm060650zreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1787Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Monomers,Neurophysiology,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Recording tapes using iron nitride fine powder (1981)

Magnetic recording pigment of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> N particles was prepared by nitrogenizing acicular metal iron powder. The treatment to obtain stoichiometric Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> N was carried out at 400°C for 3 hours in NH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> -H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (3:1) mixed gas. The saturation magnetization and coercive force were 120 emu/g and 700 Oe respectively. The Curie point of the powder coincided well with that of bulk material. Test tapes were prepared with this Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> N powder. The remanent magnetic flux density (Br) of the tape was 2200 G and the coercive force was 670 Oe. From test immersion in saline solution, it is confirmed that the chemical stability of the Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> N tape is superior to the Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> N tape is superior to the metal tape.
Oxidation (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Thermodynamics; Stability of Hydrocarbons 3. Reaction Types 4. Homolytic Oxidation 4.1. Historical Development; Reaction Mechanism; Radical Reactivity 4.2. Kinetics of Autoxidation 4.3. Differences between Liquid‐ and Gas‐Phase Autoxidations 4.4. Homolytic Oxidation in the Liquid Phase 4.4.1. Secondary Reactions of Radicals, Peroxides, and other Intermediates 4.4.2. Metal Catalysis in Homolytic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation 4.4.3. Inhibitors of Homolytic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation 4.4.4. Special Cases of Homolytic Oxidation 4.4.5. Process Technology of Homolytic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation 4.5. Homolytic Gas‐Phase Oxidation 4.6. Gas Explosions and Safety Data 5. Heterolytic Oxidation 5.1. Heterolytic Oxidation in the Liquid Phase 5.2. Heterogeneously Catalyzed Gas‐Phase Oxidation 5.2.1. Oxidation Catalysts 5.2.2. Process Technology of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Oxidations
Optimizing the electrocardiogram and pressure monitoring (1986)

Monitoring the electrocardiogram and directly measuring BP provide current and important data for intraoperative and ICU patient management. However, these physiologic measurements are not infallible; their accuracy is largely dependent on the careful set-up and use of the measuring instruments. This report integrates practical clinical and engineering information to provide a basis for optimizing ECG and pressure monitoring in the clinical setting.
Tympanic Plexus Neurectomy for Intractable Otalgia (2016)

NA.
Short- and long-range ordering during the phase transition of the Zn<sub>6</sub>Sc 1/1 cubic approximant (2013)

Using in situ x-ray scattering and synchrotron radiation, we have experimentally elucidated the mechanism of the cubic to monoclinic phase transition in the Zn6Sc 1/1 approximant to an icosahedral quasicrystal. The high-temperature cubic phase is described as a bcc packing of a large Tsai-type icosahedral cluster whose center is occupied by an orientationally disordered Zn4 tetrahedron. A clear monoclinic distortion has been found to take place within 2 K around Tc = 157 K, in excellent agreement with the observed anomalies in the electrical resistivity and heat capacity. Also, a rapid variation of the super-structure reflection intensity is observed. The low-temperature monoclinic phase, as determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction at 40 K, has been confirmed to consist of ordered Zn4 tetrahedra, oriented in an anti-parallel way along the [[Formula: see text]] direction. Above Tc, a diffuse scattering signal is observed at the position of the super-structure reflections, which evidences that a short-range ordering of the Zn4 tetrahedra takes place. In a way similar to a second-order phase transition, the correlation length describing this short-range ordering increases rapidly when the temperature diminishes and almost diverges when the temperature is close to Tc, going from 200 Å at 220 K to reach the very large value of 1200 Å at 161 K. Finally, using single-crystal x-ray diffraction, the atomic structure of the low-temperature monoclinic super-structure (space group C2/c) could be solved. The ordering of the Zn4 tetrahedra is accompanied by a strong distortion of the surrounding shells.
Fermentative Metabolism of Hydrogen-evolving <i>Chlamydomonas moewusii</i> (1978)

The anaerobic metabolism of Chlamydomonas moewusii under both light (160 lux) and dark conditions has been examined using manometric and enzymic techniques. During anaerobiosis starch is broken down to glycerol, acetate, ethanol, CO(2), and H(2). The release of CO(2) and H(2) comes to an end when the starch pool is depleted.There are only slight differences in the ratio of the end products of fermentation between light and dark metabolism. In the light, glycerol production is diminished and H(2) evolution is enhanced, whereas the production rate of all other end products generally does not change.
High Rate of Transfer of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from Parental Skin to Infant Gut Flora (2004)

Many Swedish infants carry Staphylococcus aureus in their intestinal microflora. The source of this colonization was investigated in 50 families. Infantile S. aureus strains were isolated from rectal swabs and stool samples at 3 days and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age. The strains were identified by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA method and compared to strains from swab cultures of the mothers' hands, nipples, and nares and from the fathers' hands and nares. Maternal stool samples were also obtained at a later stage to compare infant and adult intestinal S. aureus colonization. Although 60% of 1-month-old children had S. aureus in the stools, this was true of only 24% of the mothers. The median population numbers in colonized individuals also differed: 10(6.8) CFU/g of feces among infants at 2 weeks of age versus 10(3.2) CFU/g of feces in the mothers. Of S. aureus strains in the stools of 3-day-old infants, 90% were identical to a parental skin strain. A total of 96% of infants whose parents were S. aureus skin carriers had S. aureus in their feces and 91% had the same strain as at least one of the parents. In comparison, only 37% of infants to S. aureus-negative parents had S. aureus in the stool samples. Thus, infantile intestinal S. aureus colonization was strongly associated with parental skin S. aureus carriage (P = 0.0001). These results suggest that S. aureus on parental skin establish readily in the infantile gut, perhaps due to poor competition from other gut bacteria.
An overview of environmental degradation of materials in nuclear power plant piping systems (1987)

Piping in light water reactor (LWR) power systems is affected by several types of environmental degradation: intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of austenitic stainless steel piping in boiling water reactors (BWRs) has required research, inspection, and mitigation programs that will ultimately cost several billion dollars; erosion-corrosion of carbon steel piping has been observed frequently in the secondary systems of both BWRs and pressurized water reactors (PWRs); the effect of the BWR environment can greatly diminish the design margin inherent in the ASME Section III fatigue design curves for carbon steel piping; and cast stainless steels are subject to embrittlement after extended thermal aging at reactor operating temperatures. These problems are being addressed by wide-ranging research programs in this country and abroad. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the accomplishments of these programs and to note some of the remaining unanswered questions.
RNA‐based viral immunity initiated by the Dicer family of host immune receptors (2008)

Suppression of viral infection by RNA in a nucleotide sequence homology-dependent manner was first reported in plants in early 1990 s. Studies in the past 15 years have established a completely new RNA-based immune system against viruses that is mechanistically related to RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi). This viral immunity begins with recognition of viral double-stranded or structured RNA by the Dicer nuclease family of host immune receptors. In fungi, plants and invertebrates, the viral RNA trigger is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to direct specific silencing of the homologous viral genomic and/or messenger RNAs by an RNaseH-like Argonaute protein. Deep sequencing of virus-derived siRNAs indicates that the immunity against viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome is induced by Dicer recognition of dsRNA formed during the initiation of viral progeny (+)RNA synthesis. The RNA-based immune pathway in these organisms overlaps the canonical dsRNA-siRNA pathway of RNAi and may require amplification of viral siRNAs by host RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in plants and nematodes. Production of virus-derived small RNAs is undetectable in mammalian cells infected with RNA viruses. However, infection of mammals with several nucleus-replicating DNA viruses induces production of virus-derived microRNAs capable of silencing host and viral mRNAs as found for viral siRNAs. Remarkably, recent studies indicate that prokaryotes also produce virus-derived small RNAs known as CRISPR RNAs to guide antiviral defense in a manner that has yet to be defined. In this article, we review the recent progress on the identification and mechanism of the key components including viral sensors, viral triggers, effectors, and amplifiers, of the small RNA-directed viral immunity. We also highlight some of the many unresolved questions.
Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention (2008)

Epidemiological and prospective studies indicate that comprehensive lifestyle changes may modify the progression of prostate cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which improvements in diet and lifestyle might affect the prostate microenvironment are poorly understood. We conducted a pilot study to examine changes in prostate gene expression in a unique population of men with low-risk prostate cancer who declined immediate surgery, hormonal therapy, or radiation and participated in an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention while undergoing careful surveillance for tumor progression. Consistent with previous studies, significant improvements in weight, abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and lipid profile were observed (all P < 0.05), and surveillance of low-risk patients was safe. Gene expression profiles were obtained from 30 participants, pairing RNA samples from control prostate needle biopsy taken before intervention to RNA from the same patient's 3-month postintervention biopsy. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to validate array observations for selected transcripts. Two-class paired analysis of global gene expression using significance analysis of microarrays detected 48 up-regulated and 453 down-regulated transcripts after the intervention. Pathway analysis identified significant modulation of biological processes that have critical roles in tumorigenesis, including protein metabolism and modification, intracellular protein traffic, and protein phosphorylation (all P < 0.05). Intensive nutrition and lifestyle changes may modulate gene expression in the prostate. Understanding the prostate molecular response to comprehensive lifestyle changes may strengthen efforts to develop effective prevention and treatment. Larger clinical trials are warranted to confirm the results of this pilot study.
Ecological Sensibilities in Jamaica Kincaid’s The Autobiography of My Mother (2018)

International audience