gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole body PET using overlapped 3D acquisition and weighted image summation (2002)

In whole body 3D PET, acquiring at distinct bed positions results in an axially varying sensitivity profile due to the cylindrical geometry and axial sampling pattern of the tomograph. Overlapping the end slices of bed positions can minimize the axial nonuniformity of the noise. We present an algorithm for the weighted summation of overlapped images, where the summation is performed after tomographic reconstruction. The weights are chosen to minimize the variance of the summed image, and are based on the noise equivalent counts in the images and the slice-to-slice coefficients of variation of a uniform cylinder. The optimal overlap is obtained and is 3-5 slices (9-15% system axial field of view) for ramp filters at Nyquist on the GE Advance tomograph in 3D mode. This overlap is smaller than the axial sensitivity profile suggests, due to the smoothing of the end slices in the 3D reprojection algorithm. The optimal overlap is independent of axial filter (due to all slices being smoothed equally); however, the optimal overlap increases as transverse smoothing is increased, because the smoothed noise profile is more consistent with what the axial sensitivity profile suggests. As compared to continuous bed motion, overlapping using weighted image summation requires no specialized acquisition software or reconstruction corrections.
The Synergistic Effects of His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe- Lys-NH<sub>2</sub>on Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Factor- Stimulated GH Release and Intracellular Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Accumulation in Rat Primary Pituitary Cell Culture (1989)

His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6) stimulated GH release from rat primary pituitary cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Stimulation was observed after a 15-min, but not a 4-h, incubation. The concentrations of GHRP-6 required for half-maximal and maximal stimulation were 7 x 10(-9) and 10(-7) M, respectively. GH release induced by GHRP-6 was not affected by the addition of either naloxone or the GRF antagonist [N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2]GRF-(1-29)-NH2. The latter inhibited GRF-stimulated GH release by shifting the dose-response curve to the right. His-D-Trp-D-Lys-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, an analog of GHRP-6, inhibited GH release stimulated by GHRP-6 without affecting that induced by GRF. When present together at maximal concentrations, GHRP-6 and GRF produced a synergistic effect on GH release. GHRP-6 had no effect on intracellular cAMP levels, whereas GRF increased intracellular cAMP concentrations by 3-fold. Combined treatment of pituitary cells with GRF and GHRP-6 resulted in a potentiation of the GRF-induced increase in cAMP levels. Basal GH release was reduced by 30% after pretreatment with GHRP-6 (10(-7) M) for 1 h. Pretreatment with GHRP-6 also decreased the subsequent response to GHRP-6, but not GRF. In contrast, pretreatment with GRF for 1 h had no effect on the subsequent action of GHRP-6 or GRF on GH release. The desensitization induced by GHRP-6 was completely reversed within 1 h after removal of the peptide. Results from this study indicate that GHRP-6 and GRF stimulated GH release from somatotrophs via different receptors and through discrete mechanisms.
Principal Components and Factor Analysis: Part II—Additional Topics Related to Principal Components (1981)

Principal components and factor analysis are two techniques that are finding increasing application among quality engineers who are concerned with processes with more than one response variable. In this second part of a three-part series, the discussion of principal components will include such topics as grouped data, correlation matrices, interpretation, simplification and rotation of vectors, along with some applications of these techniques. Part three, factor analysis, will be found in the next issue.
Potassium and Rubidium Uptake in Freshwater Bivalves (1990)

ABSTRACT Potassium transport characteristics were investigated in three species of freshwater bivalves: a corbiculid, Corbiculafluminea, and two unionids, Carunculina texasensis and Ligumia subrostrata. Using 42K, all three were found to take up potassium from dilute artificial pondwater ([K+] about 0.05 mmol l−1). The influx (Ji) was 0.72 μequivg−1 dry tissue h−1 in the corbiculid, significantly higher than the value of about 0.40/zequivg−1 dry tissueh−1 in the unionids. The K+ uptake displayed saturation kinetics in the range 0.05–0.36 mmol l−1: in Co. fluminea, there was a Jmax of 3.56 μequivg−1 dry tissueh−1 and the affinity coefficient (Km) was 0.27 mmol l−1; in Ca. texasensis, Jmax had a value of 1.8 μequivg−1 dry tissueh−1 and Km was 0.16 mmol l−1. Using K+-free artificial pondwater containing 0.03–0.04 mmol l−1 Rb+, the Rb+ influx was 0.41μequivg−1 dry tissueh−1 in the corbiculid and 0.28μequivg−1 dry tissueh−1 in Ca. texasensis. All animals lost K+ during the rubidium flux studies, and since they contained no Rb+, the Rb+ efflux was zero and the net flux was equal to the influx. The Jmax values for Rb+ were lower than the corresponding values for potassium: in Co. fluminea, Jmax was 1.4 μequivg−1 dry tissueh−1, significantly higher than in Ca. texasensis, which had a Jmax of 0.84 μequivg−1 dry tissueh−1. The rubidium Km (approx. 0.05 mmol l−1) values were significantly lower than corresponding values for potassium. Salt depletion increased the rubidium transport rate fourfold for both Co. fluminea and Ca. texasensis. High rates of net K+ uptake may account for the bivalves’ inability to tolerate elevated environmental potassium.
Continuous operation of a long-lived CO<sub>2</sub>laser tube (1968)

A sealed-off CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser tube was operated with continuous, almost constant, power output at 10.6 μm for more than 1000 hours. A Ni cathode that was maintained at 300°C acted as a catalyst to regenerate CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> back into the tube from the oxygen and carbon monoxide formed in the discharge. By the time 1100 hours of operation had passed, 92 percent of the original CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> concentration was still available in the tube.
Response of CPO-27-Ni towards CO, N2 and C2H4 (2009)

Coordinatively unsaturated Ni(2+) atoms in CPO-27-Ni form linear adducts with molecular nitrogen. The framework responds to the adsorption-modifying vibrational properties and local structure around adsorbing sites. The present paper deals with a fundamental infrared (IR) study of the interaction of gases on a microporous adsorbent metallorganic framework CPO-27-Ni containing, after solvent removal, coordinatively unsaturated Ni(2+) atoms [Dietzel et al., Chem. Commun. 2006, 959]. CO, N(2) and C(2)H(4) have been chosen. Notwithstanding the relative medium (CO and C(2)H(4)) and weak (N(2)) adsorption enthalpies and the low equilibrium pressures adopted (100-10(-3) mbar) the CPO-27-Ni framework responds promptly and reversibly to the adsorption process, modifying significantly both vibrational properties and local structure around Ni(2+) adsorbing sites as determined by a parallel EXAFS investigation locating the N(2) molecule 2.27 +/- 0.03 A apart from Ni(2+). For both N(2) and C(2)H(4), IR spectra have been discussed and carefully compared with literature data. Isosteric heat of adsorption of the Ni(2+)...N(2) complex formation has been evaluated from temperature dependent IR study to be -DeltaH(ads) = 17 kJ mol(-1).
Metabolic Defects in Lean Nondiabetic Offspring of NIDDM Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study (1997)

First-degree relatives of NIDDM patients have an approximately 40% lifetime risk of developing diabetes, and insulin resistance is the best predictor. However, insulin resistance is altered by many other factors, including age, diet, exercise, and medications. To investigate the metabolic and endocrine alterations associated with insulin resistance when all the above confounding factors are excluded, we examined the first phase of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in 49 white normoglycemic (4.99 +/- 0.51 vs. 4.95 +/- 0.41 mmol/l) nonexercising lean (BMI, 24 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 2 kg/m2; 105 +/- 3 vs. 104 +/- 3% of ideal body weight) offspring of NIDDM patients. These subjects were compared with 29 matched healthy control subjects by means of an intravenous glucose bolus (0.3 g/kg body wt), immediately followed by a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (approximately 420 pmol/l) clamp, along with lipid and amino acid profiles. The offspring showed fasting hyperinsulinemia (40.6 +/- 15.8 vs. 30.9 +/- 13.6 pmol/l; P = 0.005) and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels (582 +/- 189 vs. 470 +/- 140 micromol; P = 0.007), whereas triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were comparable with those of control subjects. Alanine (320 +/- 70 vs. 361 +/- 73 micromol/l; P = 0.017), serine (P = 0.05), and glutamine and glycine (P = 0.02) were lower in the offspring than in the control subjects, whereas branched-chain amino acids (343 +/- 54 vs. 357 +/- 54 micromol/l; P = 0.28) were not different. Insulin sensitivity was lower (4.86 +/- 1.65 vs. 6.17 +/ 1.56 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P = 0.001), and an inverse correlation with fasting FFAs in the offspring (adjusted R2 = 0.21, P = 0.0005), but not in control subjects (adjusted R2 = 0.03, P = 0.368), was found. Because insulin sensitivity in the offspring appeared to be a mixture of three distributions, they were subdivided into three subgroups: very low, low, and normal insulin sensitivity (20, 47, and 33%, respectively). The same alterations in amino acid and FFA metabolism were observed in the very low and low subgroups but not in the normal subgroup. The first phase of insulin secretion appeared to compensate significantly for insulin resistance in the low subgroup versus the normal subgroup and controls, but was inappropriately low in the subgroup with very low insulin sensitivity considering its degree of insulin resistance. In conclusion, lean insulin-resistant offspring of NIDDM parents showed 1) trimodal distribution of insulin sensitivity, 2) high fasting plasma FFA concentrations, 3) an inverse correlation between insulin sensitivity and FFA concentration, 4) low plasma gluconeogenic amino acid concentrations, and 5) defective insulin secretion when related to insulin sensitivity in the subgroup of very resistant offspring. These results suggest that, in this white population, insulin sensitivity may be determined by a single major gene and that alterations in FFA metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM.
Study to determine the presence of antipolymer antibodies in a group of Dutch women with a silicone breast implant. (2003)

Our methods failed to select a group of severely symptomatic Dutch SBI recipients reported to have a high prevalence of polymer binding antibodies. A discrepancy was present between the self reported severe complaints and the observed mild clinical symptoms. In the group of SBI recipients with self reported severe complaints recruited we did not find a high prevalence of polymer binding immunoglobulins. SBI exposure (mean 17 years) did not result in induction of polymer binding immunoglobulins in this minimal symptomatic study group.
Differential antitumor immunity mediated by NKT cell subsets in vivo (2005)

We showed previously that NKT cell-deficient TCR Jalpha18(-/-) mice are more susceptible to methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced sarcomas, and that normal tumor surveillance can be restored by adoptive transfer of WT liver-derived NKT cells. Liver-derived NKT cells were used in these studies because of their relative abundance in this organ, and it was assumed that they were representative of NKT cells from other sites. We compared NKT cells from liver, thymus, and spleen for their ability to mediate rejection of the sarcoma cell line (MCA-1) in vivo, and found that this was a specialized function of liver-derived NKT cells. Furthermore, when CD4(+) and CD4(-) liver-derived NKT cells were administered separately, MCA-1 rejection was mediated primarily by the CD4(-) fraction. Very similar results were achieved using the B16F10 melanoma metastasis model, which requires NKT cell stimulation with alpha-galactosylceramide. The impaired ability of thymus-derived NKT cells was due, in part, to their production of IL-4, because tumor immunity was clearly enhanced after transfer of IL-4-deficient thymus-derived NKT cells. This is the first study to demonstrate the existence of functionally distinct NKT cell subsets in vivo and may shed light on the long-appreciated paradox that NKT cells function as immunosuppressive cells in some disease models, whereas they promote cell-mediated immunity in others.
A new set of features for text-independent speaker identification (2006)

The success of a speaker identification system depends largely on the set of features used to characterize speaker-specific information. In this paper, we discuss a small set of low-level acoustic parameters that capture information about the speaker’s source, vocal tract size and vocal tract shape. We demonstrate that the set of eight acoustic parameters has comparable performance to the standard sets of 26 or 39 MFCCs for the speaker identification task. Gaussian Mixture Models were used for constructing speaker models.
Selective Ortho C−H Activation of Haloarenes by an Ir(I) System (2003)

The cationic PNP-Ir(I)(cyclooctene) complex 1 (PNP = 2,6-bis-(di-tert-butyl phosphino methyl)pyridine) reacts with benzene at 25 degrees C to quantitatively yield the crystallographically characterized, square pyramidal, iridium phenyl hydride complex cis-(PNP)Ir(Ph)(H), 2, in which the hydride is trans to the vacant coordination site. The cationic complex 2 is stable to heating at 100 degrees C, in sharp contrast to the previously reported unstable neutral, isoelectronic (PCP)Ir(H)(Ph) (PCP = eta(3)-2,6-((t)()Bu(2)PCH(2))(2)C(6)H(3)). Heating of 2 at 50 degrees C with other arenes results in arene exchange. Complex 1 activates C-H bonds of chloro- and bromobenzene with no C-halide oxidative addition being observed. Selective ortho C-H activation takes place, the process being directed by halogen coordination and being thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. The meta- and para-C-H activation products are formed at a slower rate than the ortho isomer and are converted to it. NMR data and an X-ray crystallographic study of the ortho-activated chlorobenzene complex, which was obtained as the only product upon heating of 1 with chlorobenzene at 60 degrees C, show that the chloro substituent is coordinated to the metal center.
Possible microwave mechanisms of the mammalian nervous system. (1979)

Admissions planning decides on the number of patients admitted for a specialty each day, but also on the mix of patients admitted. Within a specialty different categories of patients can be distinguished on behalf of their requirement of resources. The type of resources required for an admission may involve beds, operating theatre capacity, nursing capacity and intensive care beds. The mix of patients is, therefore, an important decision variable for the hospital to manage the workload of the inflow of patients. In this paper we will consider the following planning problem: how can a hospital generate an admission profile for a specialty, given a target patient throughput and utilization of resources, while satisfying given restrictions? For this planning problem, we will develop an integer linear programming model, that has been tested in a pilot setting in a hospital. The paper includes an analysis of the planning problem, a description of the model developed, an application of a specialty orthopaedics, and a discussion of the results obtained.
Location of Alkali Ions and their Relevance to Crystallization of Low Silica X Zeolite (2010)

A novel method of intermediate addition of alkali ions is proposed to give phase selectivity of zeolite in crystallization stages. Location of alkali metal ions in formed zeolite A, low silica zeolite X (LSX), and their hydrogel prior to the crystallization is investigated with ion exchange isotherms in order to clarify the crystallization mechanism, where the specific alkali metal ion is required for selective growth of the zeolites. The role of potassium ion for the crystallization is found to be important to determine the final phase of crystals. Hydrated potassium ion has a function to assemble aluminosilicate precursors to form LSX by a strong salting-out effect; otherwise, sodium ion assembles the same building units into zeolite A. Intermediate addition of potassium ion into crystallizing media controls the final precipitating crystalline phase kinetically. Here our proposed method enables the building unit for zeolite A to be quenched and deposited into aluminosilicate hydrogel, resulting in the selective formation of LSX in the hydrogel phase.
Vision-Based 3-D Grasping of 3-D Objects With a Simple 2-D Gripper (2013)

Object grasping or localization is an essential stage in automatic manufacturing processes. In general, stable grasping of 3-D objects is achieved by a multifinger hand. Different from the existing approaches, in this paper, we propose a novel vision-based method for grasping 3-D objects with a simple 2-D gripper. We describe the grasping strategy, the range of 3-D objects which can be grasped, and the region of grasping orientations which can guarantee successful actions. The proposed method facilitates the freedom of grasping orientation, which endows the strategy with a larger application range. Furthermore, we also explain the potential applications of the proposed method in grasping 3-D objects with other 2-D grippers. Although the proposed method uses a 2-D gripper and 2-D vision information, it can be regarded as a 3-D grasping approach due to the following facts. 1) The objects to be grasped are 3-D. The grasping process and the grasping orientations are analyzed and given in a 3-D space. 2) The contact points between the object and the gripper are not always in a 2-D plane. In the proposed method, the concept attractive region in configuration space, which was proposed in the previous work, is introduced to analyze the whole grasping process. Compared with other traditional methods, the proposed method directly gives the range of objects which can be grasped as well as the region of grasping orientations. By establishing the relationship between our method and traditional ones, it is proved that the bottom of the attractive region corresponds to a stable grasp.
On enhancing the speed of splatting with indexing (1995)

Splatting is an object-space direct volume rendering algorithm that produces images of high quality, but is computationally expensive like many other volume rendering algorithms. This paper presents a new technique that enhances the speed of splatting without trading off image quality. This new method reduces rendering time by employing a simple indexing mechanism which allows to visit and splat only the voxels of interest. It is shown that this algorithm is suitable for the dynamic situation in which viewing parameters and opacity transfer functions change interactively. We report experimental results on several test data sets of useful size and complexity, and discuss the cost/benefit trade-off of our method.
NON-SOLVATED ALUMINUM HYDRIDE<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNON-SOLVATED ALUMINUM HYDRIDE1George Chizinsky, Gordon G. Evans, Thomas R. P. Gibb Jr., and M. John Rice Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 11, 3164–3165Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01616a092https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01616a092research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
First eye movement verification and identification competition at BTAS 2012 (2012)

This paper presents the results of the first eye movement verification and identification competition. The work provides background, discusses previous research, and describes the datasets and methods used in the competition. The results highlight the importance of very careful eye positional data capture to ensure meaningfulness of identification outcomes. The discussion about the metrics and scores that can assist in evaluation of the captured data quality is provided. Best identification results varied in the range from 58.6% to 97.7% depending on the dataset and methods employed for the identification. Additionally, this work discusses possible future directions of research in the eye movement-based biometrics domain.
Four-valued Logic (2001)

Four-valued semantics proved useful in many contexts from relevance logics to reasoning about computers. We extend this approach further. A sequent calculus is defined with logical connectives conjunction and disjunction that do not distribute over each other. We give a sound and complete semantics for this system and formulate the same logic as a tableaux system. Intensional conjunction (fusion) and its residuals (implications) can be added to the sequent calculus straightforwardly. We extend a simplified version of the earlier semantics for this system and prove soundness and completeness. Then, with some modifications to this semantics, we arrive at a mathematically elegant yet powerful semantics that we call generalized Kripke semantics.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Vero Cell-Adapted Isolate of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Eastern China (2012)

In early 2012, a widespread porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) occurred in eastern China. A cell-adapted isolate, SD-M, was at the four-passage level of virulent field strain SD, which was isolated from a 2-day-old dead suckling piglet that had suffered from severe diarrhea in Shandong Province, China. We report here the complete genome sequence of SD-M. This sequence will promote a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PEDV.
191. New syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part VII. 9-Amino-6 : 8-dimethyl-7 : 10-diazaphenanthrenes (1946)

V. A. Petrow, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 884 DOI: 10.1039/JR9460000884