gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary development of DNA aptamer‐Fc conjugate opsonins (2008)

Encapsulated bacteria such as virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis impair phagocytosis with their capsules unless opsonized by antibodies. Poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (gamma-PDGA) is the major component of the B. anthracis capsule. In this work, poly-alpha-D-glutamic acid (alpha-PDGA)-coated magnetic beads (MBs) were used as surrogates to simulate vegetative B. anthracis cells and avoid the hazards of working with virulent bacteria. DNA aptamers were developed against the alpha-linked PDGA-MBs and sequenced. Four of the most frequent candidate aptamer sequences in the pool were coupled at their 5' ends to Fc fragments of murine IgG to act as artificial antibodies. The effects of candidate aptamer-Fc conjugate addition on macrophage attachment and internalization of alpha-PDGA-MBs were tested on P388D1 and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage lines by spectrofluorometric and image analysis techniques. P388D1 cells were not able to internalize the alpha-PDGA-MBs, but attachment to alpha-PDGA-MBs was enhanced by the conjugates to varying degrees. Ingestion of alpha-PDGA-MBs by RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of several different candidate aptamer-Fc conjugates demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.01) increase in phagocytic index (P.I.) up to threefold in the first 30 min of exposure to alpha-PDGA-MBs. This preliminary study using alpha-linked instead of gamma-linked PDGA provides proof-of-concept for future work in the new area of hybrid DNA aptamer-protein constructs as potential opsonins.
When being Weak is Brave: Privacy in Recommender Systems (2001)

We explore the conflict between personalization and privacy that arises from the existence of weak ties. A weak tie is an unexpected connection that provides serendipitous recommendations. However, information about weak ties could be used in conjunction with other sources of data to uncover identities and reveal other personal information. In this article, we use a graph-theoretic model to study the benefit and risk from weak ties.
Software engineering in start-up companies: An analysis of 88 experience reports (2018)

Start-up companies have become an important supplier of innovation and software-intensive products. The flexibility and reactiveness of start-ups enables fast development and launch of innovative products. However, a majority of software start-up companies fail before achieving any success. Among other factors, poor software engineering could be a significant contributor to the challenges experienced by start-ups. However, the state-of-practice of software engineering in start-ups, as well as the utilization of state-of-the-art is largely an unexplored area. In this study we investigate how software engineering is applied in start-up context with a focus to identify key knowledge areas and opportunities for further research. We perform a multi-vocal exploratory study of 88 start-up experience reports. We develop a custom taxonomy to categorize the reported software engineering practices and their interrelation with business aspects, and apply qualitative data analysis to explore influences and dependencies between the knowledge areas. We identify the most frequently reported software engineering (requirements engineering, software design and quality) and business aspect (vision and strategy development) knowledge areas, and illustrate their relationships. We also present a summary of how relevant software engineering knowledge areas are implemented in start-ups and identify potentially useful practices for adoption in start-ups. The results enable a more focused research on engineering practices in start-ups. We conclude that most engineering challenges in start-ups stem from inadequacies in requirements engineering. Many promising practices to address specific engineering challenges exists, however more research on adaptation of established practices, and validation of new start-up specific practices is needed.
The flavonols of tea (1956)

Abstract The flavonols quercetin‐3‐glucoside ( iso quercitrin), kaempferol‐3‐glucoside (astragalin), quercetin‐3‐rhamnoglucoside (rutin), kaempferol‐3‐rhamnoglucoside, quercetin‐3‐rhamno‐diglucoside, and kaempferol‐3‐rhamnodiglucoside, previously isolated and characterized in Japanese green teas, have also been detected in unprocessed tea‐leaf and black tea from North East India. From the latter sources two glycosides of myricetin, tentatively identified as the 3‐glucoside and 3‐rhamnoglucoside, have also been isolated.
Yeast Pab1 Interacts with Rna15 and Participates in the Control of the Poly(A) Tail Length In Vitro (1997)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the single poly(A) binding protein, Pab1, is the major ribonucleoprotein associated with the poly(A) tails of mRNAs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We found that Pab1 interacts with Rna15 in two-hybrid assays and in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Overexpression of PAB1 partially but specifically suppressed the rna15-2 mutation in vivo. RNA15 codes for a component of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor CF I, one of the four factors needed for pre-mRNA 3'-end processing. We show that Pab1 and CF I copurify in anion-exchange chromatography. These data suggest that Pab1 is physically associated with CF I. Extracts from a thermosensitive pab1 mutant and from a wild-type strain immunoneutralized for Pab1 showed normal cleavage activity but a large increase in poly(A) tail length. A normal tail length was restored by adding recombinant Pab1 to the mutant extract. The longer poly(A) tails were not due to an inhibition of exonuclease activities. Pab1 has previously been implicated in the regulation of translation initiation and in cytoplasmic mRNA stability. Our data indicate that Pab1 is also a part of the 3'-end RNA-processing complex and thus participates in the control of the poly(A) tail lengths during the polyadenylation reaction.
The Coincidence of HSV-1 Ocular Cultures with HSV-1 Corneal Epithelial Defects in Rabbits After Experimental Penetrating Keratoplasty (1991)

Penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in conjunction with postoperative corticosteroids may reactivate latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to cause persistent postoperative epithelial defects. The clinical diagnosis of HSV keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty is difficult because the postoperative appearance may be nondendritic and, therefore, not characteristic of HSV-1 infection. Presently, the most reliable method to diagnose HSV-1 under these conditions is to culture eyes for the presence of HSV-1. To determine the coincidence of positive HSV-1 ocular cultures with HSV-1 epithelial defects, 15 rabbits (20 eyes) latently infected with HSV-1 underwent autograft PKP with postoperative corticosteroids. Daily ocular cultures and slit-lamp examinations were performed on postoperative days 1-8 and 10. Viral shedding occurred in 15 of 19 (79.0%) of the eyes postoperatively. Superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) was observed in 19 of 19 (100%) of the eyes and coincided with positive HSV-1 cultures 24% of the time. Dendritic lesions were observed in three of 19 (15.8%) of the eyes; the dendrites coincided with positive HSV-1 cultures 60% of the time. Finally, epithelial ulcers were seen in eleven of 19 (57.9%) of the eyes, thus coinciding with HSV-1 positive cultures 29% of the time. The greatest coincidence of positive HSV-1 cultures with nondendritic epithelial lesions occurred on postoperative day number 4. The results suggest that an epithelial lesion following PKP and postoperative corticosteroids could represent HSV infection, even if a single HSV ocular culture is negative.
Projekt-Controlling (2003)

Die Controlling - Zeitschrift für erfolgsorientierte Unternehmenssteuerung liefert Monat für Monat fundierte und anwendungsorientierte Fachbeiträge für das Management sowie das Finanz- und Rechnungswesen in Unternehmen. Klar gegliedert und strukturiert werden für alle Controlling-Bereiche die Faktoren für eine erfolgreiche Unternehmenssteuerung aufgezeigt.
Visual Identification of Sacrificial Anode to Assist Full Autonomous Inspection of Underwater Structures (2002)

Extensive inspection of underwater structures can be very hazardous and requires a very high degree of automation in the use of AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles). In order to accomplish the autonomous inspection task, AUVs should identify and investigate an inspection target by means of image processing.In this paper, an image recognition method is proposed for AUVs to identify an inspection target that may have been deformed by marine bio-fouling or corrosion. The proposed method incorporates improvement of the lighting method that also makes full use of underwater environment's characteristics for identification of a deformed object. This method allows robust recognition of a deformed object with small computing power available on AUVs. As an example, a recognition method for sacrificial anodes, an important inspection target, is addressed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations and also by field experiments carried out under the bottom of Mega-Float; a very large floating artificial land located off Yokosuka.
Tethering a laminin peptide to a crosslinked collagen scaffold for biofunctionality (2008)

Cell adhesion peptide regulates various cellular functions like proliferation, attachment, and spreading. The cellular response to laminin peptide (PPFLMLLKGSTR), a motif of laminin-5 alpha3 chain, tethered to type I collagen, crosslinked using microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) was investigated. mTGase is an enzyme that initiates crosslinking by reacting with the glutamine and lysine residues on the collagen fibers stabilizing the molecular structure. In this study that tethering of the laminin peptide in a mTGase crosslinked collagen scaffold enhanced cell proliferation and attachment. Laminin peptide tethered crosslinked scaffold showed unaltered cell morphology of 3T3 fibroblasts when compared with collagen and crosslinked scaffold. The triple helical structure of collagen remained unaltered by the addition of laminin peptide. In addition a dose-dependent affinity of the laminin peptide towards collagen was seen. The degree of crosslinking was measured by amino acid analysis, differential scanning calorimeter and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Increased crosslinking was observed in mTGase crosslinked group. mTGase crosslinking showed higher shrinkage temperature. There was alteration in the fibrillar architecture due to the crosslinking activity of mTGase. Hence, the use of enzyme-mediated linking shows promise in tethering cell adhesive peptides through biodegradable scaffolds.
Voltage-Controlled Multicolor CRT Phosphors: Preparation and Characteristics (1972)

Since the range of electrons in a solid is a function of their initial energy it is possible to construct high‐resolution multicolor cathode‐ray phosphor screens in which the color is determined by the accelerating potential. A nonluminescent layer of controlled thickness is formed upon the surface of each grain of a green or cyan phosphor. This coating is prepared either by the diffusion of a killer impurity such as cobalt from the surface into the bulk or by the homogeneous precipitation of undoped upon each phosphor grain. The coated phosphor is then intimately mixed with any efficient standard red emitting phosphor such as or . A screen consisting of an intimate mixture of two component phosphors is then deposited by the same method used to prepare monochrome screens. Four distinct colors, useful for information display, can be observed in the red‐green system. Quite acceptable two‐primary‐color television pictures have been demonstrated in the red‐ cyan phosphor system.
Baropacing of the carotid sinus nerve for treatment of "Intractable" hypertension. (1975)

The authors applied with success the electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve in the case of a hypertension of long duration which was refractory to antihypertensive drugs. For the stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve a Medtronic "Barostat" device was implanted. Since the implantation- or rather since its usage- the blood pressure of the patient decreased to a great extent, and her complaints disappeared. According to the haemodynamical investigations on the effect of the stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve, besides the diminution of the blood pressure there could be observed a decrease of the cardiac index, the total peripheral vascular resistance and the velocity of the blood circulation.
Homotolerance or Queer Pedagogy (2010)

'Norm Struggles' explores and challenges normativity in general and heteronormativity in particular. A common trait in all chapters is the focus on contradictions, changes, disruptions and uncertai ...
The status of arbitration in South Africa : an update (2008)

South African law on arbitration is governed by the Arbitration Act 1965, which regulates arbitrations held within the jurisdiction of the South African courts.
Fabrication of high aspect ratio doping region by using trench filling of epitaxial Si growth (2002)

A new trench filling epitaxial Si growth process has been proposed for the high aspect ratio doping region. This epitaxial process realizes the reducing void size in the trench compared with a conventional epitaxial process. The influence of the micro-void on multi-RESURF effect has been estimated by using numerical simulation. The decrease of breakdown voltage of simulated structures with micro-void that reflect experimental results is below 2.5% compared with ideal non-void structure.
1000 sample comparison of MLPA and RT-PCR for carrier detection and diagnostic testing for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 (2013)

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of a commercially available MLPA kit with a laboratory developed RT-PCR assay for the detection of SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers in clinical samples. Methods: We developed and validated a laboratory developed real time PCR based test capable of detecting SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers in individuals. We also validated an MLPA kit purchased from MRC Holland for the same purpose. We then analyzed a series of 1027 anonymized samples using both technologies. When discrepant results were obtained, each sample was re-analyzed at least twice using both platforms. Results: Five samples did not yield results in either assay. For SMN1 copy number analysis, 2 RT-PCR assays revealed indeterminant results and all 1020 other samples were concordant for SMN1 copy number. There were 9 discrepancies in SMN2 copy number determination mostly due to a variability in MLPA analysis. Conclusion: Both MLPA and RTPCR assays give a reliable estimate of SMN1 copy number and are therefore appropriate for population based carrier screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1. The MLPA kit has a low incidence (
Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (1993)

Prenatal diagnosis performed by fetal ultrasound scan is now a routine part of antenatal care in many countries. That an increasing number of fetal anomalies may be detected on prenatal ultrasound is beyond doubt. What is possible is not, however, always practical, especially when congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are concerned and when whole antenatal populations are screened rather than high-risk groups. Thanks to our registry of congenital anomalies, a retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prenatal detection of CHDs by ultrasound scan in 131,760 consecutive pregnancies of known outcome from 1979 to 1988. Only 84 out of 912 malformed fetuses with CHDs without chromosomal anomalies were detected (9.2 per cent). The sensitivity of detection varied from around 38 per cent for malformations such as hypoplastic left heart and single ventricle to around 5 per cent for ventricular and atrial septal defects. The effectiveness of the detection of some forms of major congenital heart disease has increased dramatically since 1987 by including routine examination of the four-chamber view and of the inflow and outflow tracts of the fetal heart. Our results stress the need to obtain a definite clear four-chamber view, to perform scans at > or = 18 weeks of gestation, and to train sonographers in order to improve the prenatal detection of CHDs.
MID-INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS (2001)

Abstract The spectroscopy of molecular vibrations using mid-infrared or Raman techniques has been applied to samples of human tissue or body fluids. This review gives examples for its potential in supporting medical diagnostics. Most of the investigations have been performed in the field of internal medicine, namely angiology, hematology, rheumatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, and nephrology. Further potential applications in neurology, gynecology, obstetrics and dermatology are considered. Although some fundamental issues of the vibrational spectroscopy of biomedical samples still have to be solved, significant progress has been achieved in its clinical application in-vitro. First steps towards in-vivo applications are described. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Of course, it is not possible to give appropriate credit to all the people who contributed to the application of vibrational spectroscopy in medical diagnostics. For instance, the significant progress concerning the identification and classification of bacteria (e.g. by the groups of Naumann or Manfait) as well as the activities in the fields of infectious diseases, foreign inclusions, gallstones, calcified tissues such as bone or teeth, or the drug detection in hair have been coarsely neglected. For these topics, the reader is referred, for example, to the recent book by H.-U. Gremlich and B. Yan Citation[9] and the references therein. Regarding the preparation of this manuscript, however, I would like to especially acknowledge the valuable discussions with my medical colleague O. Quarder. Furthermore I am indebted to A. Nagel, R. Mischler, A. Staib, G. Werner and H.-M. Hein for their support.
Generalized drift-diffusion for microscopic thermoelectricity (2009)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Timeception for Complex Action Recognition (2019)

This paper focuses on the temporal aspect for recognizing human activities in videos; an important visual cue that has long been undervalued. We revisit the conventional definition of activity and restrict it to Complex Action: a set of one-actions with a weak temporal pattern that serves a specific purpose. Related works use spatiotemporal 3D convolutions with fixed kernel size, too rigid to capture the varieties in temporal extents of complex actions, and too short for long-range temporal modeling. In contrast, we use multi-scale temporal convolutions, and we reduce the complexity of 3D convolutions. The outcome is Timeception convolution layers, which reasons about minute-long temporal patterns, a factor of 8 longer than best related works. As a result, Timeception achieves impressive accuracy in recognizing the human activities of Charades, Breakfast Actions and MultiTHUMOS. Further, we demonstrate that Timeception learns long-range temporal dependencies and tolerate temporal extents of complex actions.
Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present From 6 to 24 Months in Infants With Autism (2012)

These results suggest that aberrant development of white matter pathways may precede the manifestation of autistic symptoms in the first year of life. Longitudinal data are critical to characterizing the dynamic age-related brain and behavior changes underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder.
Structural change, econometrics of (2010)

This article covers methodological issues related to estimation, testing and computation for models involving structural changes. The amount of work on this subject since the 1950s is truly voluminous in both the statistics and econometrics literature. Accordingly, any survey is bound to focus on specific aspects. Our aim is to review developments as they relate to econometric applications based on linear models. Recently, substantial advances have been made to cover models at a level of generality that allows a host of interesting practical applications. These include models with general stationary regressors and errors that can exhibit temporal dependence and heteroskedasticity, models with trending variables and possible unit roots and cointegrated models, among others. Advances have been made pertaining to computational aspects of constructing estimates, their limit distributions, tests for structural changes, and methods to determine the number of changes present. For a more extensive review the reader is referred to Perron (2006).
High Blood Monocyte Counts and Neopterin Levels in Children With Autistic Disorder (2003)

These results suggest that the immune system may be activated in some children with autism.
Association of m1 and m2 muscarinic receptor proteins with asymmetric synapses in the primate cerebral cortex: morphological evidence for cholinergic modulation of excitatory neurotransmission. (1993)

Muscarinic m1 receptors traditionally are considered to be postsynaptic to cholinergic fibers, while m2 receptors are largely presynaptic receptors associated with axons. We have examined the distribution of these receptor proteins in the monkey cerebral cortex and obtained results that are at odds with this expectation. Using immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies to recombinant m1 and m2 muscarinic receptor proteins, we have demonstrated that both m1 and m2 receptors are prominently associated with noncholinergic asymmetric synapses as well as with the symmetric synapses that characterize the cholinergic pathways in the neocortex. At asymmetric synapses, both m1 and m2 receptor immunoreactivity is observed postsynaptically within spines and dendrites; the m2 receptor is also found in presynaptic axon terminals which, in the visual cortex, resemble the parvicellular geniculocortical pathway. In addition, m2 labeling was also found in a subset of nonpyramidal neurons. These findings establish that the m2 receptor is located postsynaptically as well as presynaptically. The association of m1 and m2 receptors with asymmetric synapses in central pathways, which use excitatory amino acids as neurotransmitters, provides a morphological basis for cholinergic modulation of excitatory neurotransmission.