gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Visible and Ultraviolet Light Photogeneration of Hydroxyl Radicals by 2-Methyl-4-nitro-quinoline-N-oxide (MNO) and 4, 4'-Dinitro-(2, 2') bipyridinyl-N, N'-dioxide (DBD) (1998)

Chemicals that upon absorption of light generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH), free of other damaging species under physiological conditions, are useful tools for the study of the biological effects of ·OH radical and for its utilization for analytical purposes. We report the novel property of 2-methyl-4-nitro-quinoline-N-oxide (MNO) and 4, 4′-dinitro-(2, 2′) bipyridinyl-N, N′-dioxide (DBD) to act as photogenerators of ·OH with UV and visible light. Upon irradiation with 360–400 nm light MNO and DBD generate free radicals that convert coumarin carboxylic acid (CCA) to fluorescent 7-OH-CCA; the ·OH radical scavengers dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol eliminate the induction of 7-OH-CCA fluorescence. Upon 400 nm illumination in the presence of MNO, supercoiled plasmid DNA is converted to circular and strand break-age is significantly reduced in the presence of DMSO and completely absent in the absence of MNO. The conversion of CCA to 7-OH-CCA and of supercoiled plasmid to circular DNA are also observed in the absence of oxygen. Taken together, these data indicate that MNO and DBD constitute novel ·OH-generating compounds. Because currently known ·OH-photogenerating compounds require UV illumination (< 360 nm) that also damages DNA and cells directly, the property of MNO to generate ·OH upon 400 nm illumination is advantageous when studies on cells, DNA and other biomolecules are conducted.
Regulation of Bone Metabolism. (2017)

Bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. In endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and then are progressively substituted by bone, while in intramembranous ossification mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate directly into osteoblasts to form bone. The steps of osteogenic proliferation, differentiation, and bone homeostasis are controlled by various markers and signaling pathways. Bone needs to be remodeled to maintain integrity with osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, and osteoclasts, which are bone-degrading cells.In this review we considered the major factors and signaling pathways in bone formation; these include fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), wingless-type (Wnt) genes, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteoblast-specific transcription factor (osterix or OSX).
A MULTICONTEXT LOGIC USED FOR INTEGRATING HETEROGENEOUS DATABASES (1997)

To use information from different sources together is a desirable property forthe users, especially in these internet days. A two-level multicontext architecture DBCL isdefined in this paper which can be used to integrate heterogeneous databases- Each contextin its first level is a classical many-sorted theory, which corresponds to a database. Thecontext in the second level is a generalized many-sorted theory, where metatheories aboutthe various relations among databases can be stated. A kind of semantics, with respect towhich DBCL is sound as well as complete, is also provided in this paper.
Excess of Interfering over Infectious Particles in Herpes Simplex Virus Passaged at High m.o.i. and their Effect on Single-cell Survival (1978)

SUMMARY The capacity of herpes simplex virus to kill cells and to form both infectious centres and progeny virus was studied in cell culture. Two virus stocks were compared at various m.o.i.: (i) a standard virus stock and (ii) a stock which contained interfering virus particles (I particles). The formation of infectious progeny virus as well as of infectious centres appeared to be reduced by the action of I particles. In the examined virus stock I particles exceeded infectious particles by at least a factor of 5 to 10. More than 50% of cells which could be demonstrated to be hit by I particles survived and formed colonies.
Adaptive beamforming for wideband jamming cancellation (2002)

This paper presents two important results of our recent studies on adaptive wideband beamforming using subarrays and linear frequency modulation (LFM) for high resolution target image. By transmitting periodical sweeping waveforms, the received non-coherent signals, such as jammers, become nonstationary and therefore require special treatment to predict the system performance analytically. We approach the problem by constructing the system's covariance matrices from the elemental correlations. By incorporating the subarraying techniques and array steering methods in the associated elements, it is possible to compare the system performance adopting different signal processing schemes such as time-delay (TD) and phase-weight (PW) steering methods for the auxiliary array. Simulation results show that PW method perform better than TD method.
Even‐length real‐valued cyclically orthogonal pseudonoise sequences with small absolute value (1993)

Abstract This paper discusses the even‐length real‐valued cyclically orthogonal pseudonoise (PN) sequences with small absolute values as the PN sequence for spread spectrum communication. First, the sequence of maximum absolute value 2 with cubic or inverse phase parameters is considered. By replacing the sequence variable by the power of the primitive root and by regarding the power as the sequence variable, an orthogonal PN sequence is obtained. There exists the same number of such sequences as the number of primitive roots, and the cross‐correlation function is relatively small if the period is large. By convolving a sequence with itself, a set of sequences is obtained which has relatively small absolute value of the sequence and relatively small absolute value of cross correlation. It is proposed also to convolve a sequence with other sets of sequences. The sequence considered in this paper is suited to the digital correlation processing using the fast‐Fourier transform when the period is 4, 16, 256, 65, 536, ….
Development and characterisation of a rat brain capillary endothelial culture: towards an <i>in vitro</i> blood-brain barrier (1992)

Primary culture of rat brain endothelial cells is described, based on the method of C. C. W. Hughes and P. L. Lantos. The cells have been characterised using morphological and immunocytochemical techniques, and systematic studies undertaken to determine the optimal culture medium and conditions required to grow the cells at high purity on a variety of substrata. The endothelial cells have a spindle-shaped morphology, and proliferate as plaques from small clusters of cells associated with capillary fragments in the starting material. Tight junction-like cell:cell appositions are seen at the electron-microscopic level. The cells show characteristic staining for antigens recognized by antibodies against von Willebrand factor (Factor VIII-related antigen), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the transferrin receptor (Ox-26), actin and vimentin. They also show binding of the lectin from Ulex europaeus (UEA I). Potential contaminating cells include smooth muscle, fibroblasts, pericytes and meningeal cells. Contaminants can be kept to < ca. 5% by careful removal of large vessels and meninges during dissection, by brief treatment with Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-free saline, by growth in medium supplemented with plasma-derived serum treated for removal of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and by occasional use of medium in which D-valine is substituted for L-valine. Cells attach well to collagen-coated plastic, less well to glass. Cells can be grown on transparent collagen filters (ICN, Cellagen and Costar, Transwell-Col), and on microcarrier beads (Pharmacia, Cytodex-3). The culture has proved to be a useful preparation for studies of cellular physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of the brain endothelium, and represents a first step in producing an in vitro model of the rat blood-brain barrier.
Massive accumulation of <i>N</i>‐acylethanolamines after stroke. Cell signalling in acute cerebral ischemia? (2004)

We investigated levels and compositions of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and their precursors, N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (N-acyl PEs), in a rat stroke model applying striatal microdialysis for glutamate assay. Rats (n = 18) were treated with either intravenous saline (control), NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 (1 mg/kg), or CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (1 mg/kg) 30 min after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MK801 significantly attenuated the release of glutamate in the infarcted striatum (79 +/- 22 micromol/L) as compared with controls (322 +/- 104 micromol/L). The administration of CB1 antagonist SR141716A had no statistically significant effect on glutamate release (340 +/- 89 micromol/L), but reduced infarct volume at 5 h after MCAO significantly by approximately 40%, whereas MK801 treatment resulted in a non-significant (18%) reduction of infarct volume. In controls, striatal and cortical NAE concentrations were about 30-fold higher in the infarcted than in the non-infarcted hemisphere, whereas ipsilateral N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine (N-acyl PE) levels exceeded contralateral levels by only a factor of two to three. Treatment with MK801 or SR141716A, or glutamate release in the infarcted tissue, had no significant effect on these levels. NAE accumulation during acute stroke may be due to increased synthesis as well as decreased degradation, possibly by inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).
Droplet: Decentralized Authorization for IoT Data Streams (2018)

This paper presents Droplet, a decentralized data access control service, which operates without intermediate trust entities. Droplet enables data owners to securely and selectively share their dat ...
GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF BROMELAIN (1972)

The clinical utility of proteolytic enzymes is reported as anti-inflammatory agent in literature (1–3) on the therapy for traumatic or infectious diseases. The anti-inflammatory action is considered to be effectual even with oral administration. Such being the case, gastrointestinal absorption of the enzymes is essential.
ChemInform Abstract: Raman Spectroscopic Measurements of Scandium(III) Hydration in Aqueous Perchlorate Solution and ab initio Molecular Orbital Studies of Scandium(III) Water Clusters: Does Sc(III) Occur as a Hexaaqua Complex? (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Going the Distance Cement Wiper Plug Technology (2017)

Abstract The 13 3/8 to 14-in. cement wiper plug system is a critical component for successfully separating fluids during displacement of cement for long strings of casing in deepwater applications. With casing strings becoming longer, there was a need to validate the endurance capabilities of these plugs. This paper will discuss the methods used to test the endurance of a cement wiper plug system. The test consisted of pumping the same plugs through 130 ft of casing repeatedly, until a maximum length of 40,000 ft was achieved. These plugs were displaced horizontally through the casing using water. This created the worst case scenario because no fluid would be in front of the plug: The elastomer is more susceptible to abrasion in dry pipe than in lubricated pipe. Each plug was dimensionally analyzed every 5,000 ft and then was validated by measuring the bypass pressure from the downhole side. The bypass pressure is directly related to the amount of surface contact between the plug fins and the casing wall and can be used to validate wiping efficiency. Theoretically, the farther the plug travels, the more likely the surface contact is reduced between the plug fins and the casing wall, and that is validated by measuring the bypass pressure. The results of the endurance test are based on the relative wiping-efficiency test in the same inside diameter as the casing through which the plug is pumped. These results are compared to minimum allowable bypass pressure determined from a test using the largest published inside diameter. Results show that the bypass pressure decreases until a certain length and that at this length, contact force becomes significantly less, inadvertently causing the plug to wear at a slower rate. This relates to the reduction of the bypass pressure until a point where the pressure equalizes at approximately 20 percent less than the control. Plug bypass can result in displacement errors, which further result in either underdisplacement leaving excess cement in the casing or over displacement, potentially contaminating the shoe tracks. Testing the ability of the plug to mechanically separate fluids and wipe the pipe eliminates the potential for bypass around the plug fins in the forward or reverse direction in long strings of casing.
LEAN-LIFE: A Label-Efficient Annotation Framework Towards Learning from Explanation (2020)

Successfully training a deep neural network demands a huge corpus of labeled data. However, each label only provides limited information to learn from and collecting the requisite number of labels involves massive human effort. In this work, we introduce LEAN-LIFE, a web-based, Label-Efficient AnnotatioN framework for sequence labeling and classification tasks, with an easy-to-use UI that not only allows an annotator to provide the needed labels for a task, but also enables LearnIng From Explanations for each labeling decision. Such explanations enable us to generate useful additional labeled data from unlabeled instances, bolstering the pool of available training data. On three popular NLP tasks (named entity recognition, relation extraction, sentiment analysis), we find that using this enhanced supervision allows our models to surpass competitive baseline F1 scores by more than 5-10 percentage points, while using 2X times fewer labeled instances. Our framework is the first to utilize this enhanced supervision technique and does so for three important tasks -- thus providing improved annotation recommendations to users and an ability to build datasets of (data, label, explanation) triples instead of the regular (data, label) pair.
Development and trials for W-CDMA infrastructure (1998)

The rate of growth in subscribers for second generation mobile communication networks continues to outstrip all but the most optimistic forecasts. In Japan, for example, the number of subscribers has increased from 4 million to 30 million during the 3-year period ended March 1998. This rate of growth will lead to capacity problems in many parts of the world and this is one of the main drivers for third generation (3G) systems. The other key driver is probably even more significant, yet difficult to quantify. This is the latent demand for advanced new services which are not possible with current second-generation systems. Such services are anticipated to require high data rate access, multimedia capability, support for packet mode communication and seamless wired/mobile functionality. Taken together, these two factors will drive the demand for future third generation mobile communication terminals and the associated base stations and networking infrastructure. It is now clear that the main air interface for 3G systems will be based on wideband CDMA (W-CDMA). This technology offers better capacity and quality of service compared with current systems and the principles have been demonstrated in the form of current IS-95 CDMA systems. Coupled with this, the domination of GSM in second-generation (2G) systems is now clear and in future will be consolidated through many new enhancements. For these reasons, Telecom MODUS Ltd. is committed to 3G solutions based on a combination of W-CDMA and evolved GSM networks.
The yeast transcriptome in aerobic and hypoxic conditions: effects of <i>hap1</i>, <i>rox1</i>, <i>rox3</i> and <i>srb10</i> deletions (2002)

In the paper by Becerra et al., published in Molecular Microbiology volume 43, number 3, pp. 545-555, the rox3 mutant strain used was not a deletion, lethal in the selected aGH1 background, but the rox3-182 allele with a nonsense mutation at codon 129, aGH1-rox3-182 (MATa, trp1-289, leu2-3, leu2-112, gal1Δ152, rox3-182).
Low Insertion Loss Packaged and Fiber-Connectorized Si Surface-Micromachined Reflective Optical Switch (1998)

A Si surface micromachined single mode fiber optical switch is using a novel vertical actuator to interpose a gold coated self assembling silicon vane in a fiber gap to achieve 0.81dB minimum insertion loss in the transmit state with 38-80dB transmission isolation and 2. l 5dB return loss in the reflection state, all in the 1550nm wavelength region. The minimum actuation voltage is 4V with virtually no power consumption. Rise and fall times as low as 50s are obtained with 20V drive voltage.
Global Intensity Correction in Dynamic Scenes (2009)

Changing image intensities causes problems for many computer vision applications operating in unconstrained environments. We propose generally applicable algorithms to correct for global differences in intensity between images recorded with a static or slowly moving camera, regardless of the cause of intensity variation. The proposed intensity correction is based on intensity-quotient estimation. Various intensity estimation methods are compared. Usability is evaluated with background classification as example application. For this application we introduced the PIPE error measure evaluating performance and robustness to parameter setting. Our approach retains local intensity information, is always operational and can cope with fast changes in intensity. We show that for intensity estimation, robustness to outliers is essential for dynamic scenes. For image sequences with changing intensity, the best performing algorithm (MofQ) improves foreground-background classification results up to a factor two to four on real data.
Influence of Surface Modification on the Acid Site Distribution of HZSM-5 (2002)

Hydroxyl groups located on the external surface and in the pore mouth region of HZSM-5 zeolites with different crystal sizes were modified by chemical liquid deposition (CLD) of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The silylation of the acid sites was monitored using NH3 sorption, IR spectroscopy of the zeolite hydroxyl groups, and adsorption of pyridine and di-tert-butyl-pyridine (DTBPy). Silylation reduced the concentration of Brønsted acid sites, preferentially in the pore mouth region of the zeolites, and led to a blocking of Lewis acid sites. The deactivation of Lewis acid sites was found to occur prior to the reaction with bridging hydroxyl groups and silanol groups. The efficiency of silylation achieved was found to depend on the particle size of the zeolite sample. A multicycle procedure can be used to increase the effects of the modification with TEOS.
CD4 Effector T Cell Subsets in the Response to Influenza (2002)

The immune response of naive CD4 T cells to influenza virus is initiated in the draining lymph nodes and spleen, and only after effectors are generated do antigen-specific cells migrate to the lung which is the site of infection. The effector cells generated in secondary organs appear as multiple subsets which are a heterogeneous continuum of cells in terms of number of cell divisions, phenotype and function. The effector cells that migrate to the lung constitute the more differentiated of the total responding population, characterized by many cell divisions, loss of CD62L, down-regulation of CCR7, stable expression of CD44 and CD49d, and transient expression of CCR5 and CD25. These cells also secrete high levels of interferon gamma and reduced levels of interleukin 2 relative to those in the secondary lymphoid organs. The response declines rapidly in parallel with viral clearance, but a spectrum of resting cell subsets reflecting the pattern at the peak of response is retained, suggesting that heterogeneous effector populations may give rise to corresponding memory populations. These results reveal a complex response, not an all-or-none one, which results in multiple effector phenotypes and implies that effector cells and the memory cells derived from them can display a broad spectrum of functional potentials.
Determination of electron and hole lifetimes of rutile and anatase TiO2 single crystals (2012)

The dynamical behavior of photoexcited states of TiO2 governs the activities of TiO2-based solar cells and photocatalysts. We determined the lifetimes of photoexcited electrons and holes in rutile and anatase TiO2 single crystals by combining advantages of time-resolved photoluminescence, photoconductance, and transient absorption spectroscopy. Electrons and holes in rutile show exponential decays with the lifetime of a few tens of nanoseconds, while non-exponential decays are observed in anatase, indicating the presence of multiple carrier trapping processes. We revealed the generic features of the carrier recombination processes in rutile and anatase TiO2.
Playing the surface game—Diels–Alder reactions on diamond nanoparticles (2010)

Stable covalent C-C bonding of aromatic moieties has been achieved using Diels-Alder reactions on surface-annealed nanodiamond. Subsequent functionalisation leads to tunable surface properties and molecule-like behaviour.
A multi modal approach to gesture recognition from audio and video data (2013)

We describe in this paper our approach for the Multi-modal gesture recognition challenge organized by ChaLearn in conjunction with the ICMI 2013 conference. The competition's task was to learn a vocabulary of 20 types of Italian gestures performed from different persons and to detect them in sequences. We develop an algorithm to find the gesture intervals in the audio data, extract audio features from those intervals and train two different models. We engineer features from the skeleton data and use the gesture intervals in the training data to train a model that we afterwards apply to the test sequences using a sliding window. We combine the models through weighted averaging. We find that this way to combine information from two different sources boosts the models performance significantly.
Inhibition of Paclitaxel-Induced Proteasome Activation Influences Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Cells in a Sequence-Dependent Manner (2007)

Although the anti-tumour effects of paclitaxel result mainly from mitotic arrest, recent evidences suggest alternative mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Cell cycle, cell death, and gene expression assays were used to understand the molecular mechanisms of paclitaxel cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and cell death coincided with the regulation of genes involved in cell death, cell cycle control, microtubule-based processes, oxidative stress, and ubiquitin-proteasome system. Induction of proteasome genes was also correlated with an accumulation of protein for proteasome subunits. Furthermore, a schedule-dependent regulation of paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity was observed after combining paclitaxel and the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Proteasome inhibition after paclitaxel exposure induced the highest rate of growth inhibition and apoptosis, with no effect on mitotic arrest. These findings give support to clinical combinations of taxanes with proteasome inhibitors, outlining the importance of considering the sequence when designing such regimens.