gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Feature Space Reduction with Imbalanced Data for Semantic Concept Detection (2008)

Semantic understanding of multimedia content has become a very popular research topic in recent years. Semantic concept detection algorithms face many challenges such as the semantic gap and imbalance data, among others. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to discover the correlation between features and classes to reduce the feature space and to bridge the semantic gap. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is able to explore the correlation between items (i.e., feature-value pairs generated for each of the features) and classes which expands its ability to handle imbalance data sets. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compare its performance on semantic concept detection with several existing feature selection methods under various well-known classifiers using some of the concepts and benchmark data available from the TRECVID project. The results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves promising performance, and it performs significantly better than those feature selection methods in the comparison for the imbalanced data sets.
Calcium phosphate induction by sol‐gel‐derived titania coatings on titanium substrates in vitro (1998)

Titanium and its alloys are used widely in the manufacture of orthopedic and dental implants. Sol-gel-prepared titania is able to stimulate bone-like apatite formation in in vitro and in vivo cultures. These materials can be used, for example, as coatings on dental and orthopedic implants. However, the processes that lead to apatite formation are not fully understood. In this study different kinds of titania coatings on commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) were tested for apatite-forming ability. The rate of apatite formation is considered to be descriptive of a material's bioactive (bone-bonding) potential. Apatite-forming tests were done in simulated body fluid (SBF). Apatite-forming ability was highest with the addition of valeric acid to sol (600°C) or with sintering sol-gel coatings at 450°–550°C. At that temperature range calcium phosphate forms on the coatings in 1 week. Calcium phosphate forming is observed in 1 day on standard coatings sintered at 500°C. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 504–510, 1998.
Regulating Drug Release Behavior and Kinetics from Matrix Tablets Based on Fine Particle-Sized Ethyl Cellulose Ether Derivatives: An<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>Evaluation (2012)

The design and fabrication of sustained/controlled release dosage forms, employing new excipients capable of extending/controlling the release of drugs from the dosage forms over prolonged periods, has worked well in achieving optimally enhanced therapeutic levels of the drugs. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of selected cellulose ether derivatives for use in direct compression (DC) and as efficient drug release controlling agents. Controlled release matrix tablets of ciprofloxacin were prepared at different drug-to-polymer (D : P) ratios by direct compression using a fine particle sized ethylcellulose ether derivative (ETHOCEL Standard Premium 7FP) as rate controlling polymer. The tablets obtained were evaluated for various physico-chemical characteristics and in-vitro drug release studies were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) using PharmaTest dissolution apparatus at constant temperature of 37 °C ± 0.1. Similarity factor f(2) was employed to the release profiles of test formulations and were compared with marketed ciprofloxacin conventional tablets. Drug release mechanism and the kinetics involved were investigated by fitting the release profile data to various kinetic models. It was found that with increasing the proportion of ethylcellulose ether derivative in the matrix, the drug release was significantly extended up to 24 hours. The tablets exhibited zero order or nearly zero order drug transport mechanism. In vivo drug release performance of the developed controlled release tablets and reference conventional tablets containing ciprofloxacin were determined in rabbit serum according to randomized two-way crossover study design using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Several bioavailability parameters of both the test tablets and conventional tablets including C(max⁡), T(max⁡) and AUC(0-t) were compared which showed an optimized C(max⁡) and T(max⁡) (P < 0.05). A good correlation was obtained between in vitro drug release and in vivo drug absorption with correlation value (R(2) = 0.934). Relative bioavailability was found to be 93%. Reproducibility of manufacturing process and accelerated stability of the developed tablets were performed in stability chamber at 40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity for a period of 6 months and were found to be stable throughout the stability period.
Hybrid density functional calculations of redox potentials and formation energies of transition metal compounds (2010)

We compare the accuracy of conventional semilocal density functional theory (DFT), the $\text{DFT}+U$ method, and the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functional for structural parameters, redox reaction energies, and formation energies of transition metal compounds. Conventional DFT functionals significantly underestimate redox potentials for these compounds. Zhou et al. [Phys. Rev. B 70, 235121 (2004)] addressed this issue with $\text{DFT}+U$ and a linear-response scheme for calculating $U$ values. We show that the Li intercalation potentials of prominent Li-ion intercalation battery materials, such as the layered ${\text{Li}}_{x}M{\text{O}}_{2}$ ($M=\text{Co}$ and Ni), ${\text{Li}}_{x}{\text{TiS}}_{2}$; olivine ${\text{Li}}_{x}M{\text{PO}}_{4}$ ($M=\text{Mn}$, Fe, Co, and Ni); and spinel-like ${\text{Li}}_{x}{\text{Mn}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{4}$, ${\text{Li}}_{x}{\text{Ti}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{4}$, are also well reproduced by HSE06, due to the self-interaction error correction from the partial inclusion of Hartree-Fock exchange. For formation energies, HSE06 performs well for transition metal compounds, which typically are not well reproduced by conventional DFT functionals but does not significantly improve the results of nontransition metal oxides. Hence, we find that hybrid functionals provide a good alternative to $\text{DFT}+U$ for transition metal applications when the large extra computational effort is compensated by the benefits of (i) avoiding species-specific adjustable parameters and (ii) a more universal treatment of the self-interaction error that is not exclusive to specific atomic orbital projections on selected ions.
Improved RNS-based PRNGs (2018)

In developing pseudorandom number generation mechanisms for low-power systems like the Internet of Things (IoT), there exists a large tradeoff between computational complexity and the resulting security enabled by the generator. For most communications applications, the use of any PRNG stream must be performed in a synchronizable, and sometimes invertible, fashion. This paper focuses on improvements to prior residue number space (RNS)-based PRNGs, configured to support extremely low-power IoT applications via internal dynamics like switching between PRNG components, simpler permutation-based mappings as opposed to pre-defined polynomials, dynamic indexing processes for improved multiple access operation, and computationally efficient sequence combination techniques. While similarly scalable to applications of prior RNS-based PRNGs, simulation and hardware prototyping results on an MSP430 and Altera FPGAs (Cyclone V and Arria 10) equally validate the suitability of the proposed PRNG techniques for microprocessor-level low-power implementations like industrial IoT.
A New Design for Vibration-Based Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Systems Using Coil Inductance of Microgenerator (2010)

In this paper, a new design methodology for low-voltage electromagnetic energy harvesting systems consisting of a microgenerator and power processing circuit is introduced. In the first section of this paper, a simple topology for a resonance-based electromagnetic generator is presented. The microgenerator is capable of producing a voltage of a few hundred millivolts. Since traditional two-stage power conversion schemes cannot be used for such a low ac voltage, a suitable single-stage ac-dc converter is utilized for power processing. The converter boosts the low ac voltage to a nominal dc voltage required by electronic devices. As a part of integrated design, the coil of the microgenerator is fabricated such that it can be utilized both for electromagnetic induction and power processing. Such an arrangement improves efficiency and makes the system compact. The converter is controlled to regulate the output voltage under varying input or load conditions. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the operation of the proposed converter with a low-voltage microgenerator.
Endocytic pathway of scavenger receptors via trans-Golgi system in bovine alveolar macrophages. (1994)

These results suggest that during endocytosis of modified low density lipoprotein, the Golgi complex plays a crucial role in sorting and recycling of the scavenger receptors in macrophages.
An Improved Non-Local Filter for Image Denoising (2009)

An improved image denoising algorithm based on nonlocal means (NLM) framework is proposed in this paper. The NLM estimates pixel values by a weighted mean of pixels in the corresponding searching area. The weight of each pixel is computed by a similarity function. The main idea of NLM is a searching area and a similarity function. The similarity function is a Euclidean distance function which is weighted by the standard Gaussian kernel. We modified the similarity function to become a flexible Euclidean distance function depending on image noise to balance smoothness in homogeneous areas and importance of the center pixel. We extend the searching area to the searching space, which not only covers a block of the image but also includes a dimension of pixel value space. This extension renders our proposed approach to exclude most of irrelevant pixels in the searching area which often disturb thin structures.
Transparent Handover for Mobile Multicast Sources (2006)

The Internet research community has proposed many routing protocols to support efficient multicast application. However, these protocols were developed for multicast parties whose members are topologically stationary, and they thus do not support both mobile receivers and mobile sources. Unfortunately, the mobility of the multicast source is a challenging problem to solve. When a multicast source moves from one IP network to another, it obtains a new IP address. However, since IP multicast is receiver-initiated, and the multicast delivery tree is constructed based on the multicast source’s address, the multicast traffic cannot be delivered to multicast receiver unless a new delivery tree is built. As a consequence, the multicast routing entities require new multicast routing states and multicast receivers need to be notified whenever the handover occurs. This induces a non-transparent mobility, and leads to session disruption. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper presents a new solution to make multicast source mobility transparent to both multicast receivers and on-tree multicast routers. This solution, called Mobility-aware Rendezvous Point, extends the PIM-SM Rendezvous Point with mobility awareness, and introduces new techniques for the source registration with the Rendezvous Point. Simulation results have proved that the solution avoids the reconstruction of a multicast tree after the handover of the multicast sources.
Electronic structure of light metal hydrides (1997)

The equilibrium lattice constant, cohesive energy, and electron density of states of light metal hydrides (${\mathrm{LiBeH}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{LiMgH}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{LiCaH}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{NaMgH}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{LiBH}}_{3}$) are calculated using the linear combination of muffin-tin orbitals method on a perovskite lattice structure. Large gaps in the density of states appear at the Fermi energy of ${\mathrm{LiBeH}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{LiMgH}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{LiCaH}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{NaMgH}}_{3}$ indicating that these classes of hydrides are insulators. ${\mathrm{LiBH}}_{3}$, on the other hand, is metallic and could have interesting electronic properties.
Air-gap Standing Parallel Strips waveguide for X-ray lithography fabrication: Characteristics and antenna application (2011)

X-ray lithography fabrication has the ability to produce high-aspect ratio structures with smooth side walls and precise lateral details. Air-gap Standing Parallel Strips waveguide and related microwave circuits and antennas are a new approach to employ these features, providing low loss microwave circuits that are highly attractive for high frequency and millimeter-wave applications. In this work, various characteristics of this waveguide are studied and design graphs are provided for different structural parameters. A half-wavelength dipole antenna is designed and analyzed as an example to demonstrate the capabilities of standing parallel strips structures in high frequency applications. A −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 23% is achieved for the designed antenna; near perfect matching (reflection coefficient is −50 dB at the resonant frequency of 20 GHz) is realized using a slight taper in the feed.
Lactobacillus casei Inhibits Antigen-Induced IgE Secretion through Regulation of Cytokine Production in Murine Splenocyte Cultures (1998)

This is the first demonstration that a nonpathogenic microorganism, L. casei, can inhibit antigen-induced IgE production through induction of IL-12 secretion by macrophages. The findings suggest a potential use of this organism in preventing IgE-mediated allergy.
Ku86 Defines the Genetic Defect and Restores X-Ray Resistance and V(D)J Recombination to Complementation Group 5 Hamster Cell Mutants (1996)

X-ray-sensitive hamster cells in complementation groups 4, 5, 6, and 7 are impaired for both double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Here we show that in two mutant cell lines (XR-V15B and XR-V9B) from group 5, the genetic defects are in the gene encoding the 86-kDa subunit of the Ku autoantigen, a nuclear protein that binds to the double-stranded DNA ends. These mutants express Ku86 mRNA containing deletions of 138 and 252 bp, respectively, and the encoded proteins contain internal, in-frame deletions of 46 and 84 amino acids. Two X-ray-resistant revertants of XR-V15B expressed two Ku86 transcripts, one with and one without the deletion, suggesting that reversion occurred by activation of a silent wild-type allele. Transfection of full-length cDNA encoding hamster Ku86 into XR-V15B cells resulted in a complete rescue of DNA-end-binding (DEB) activity and Ku70 levels, suggesting that Ku86 stabilizes the Ku70 polypeptide. In addition, cells expressing wild-type levels of DEB activity were fully rescued for X-ray resistance and V(D)J recombination, whereas cells expressing lower levels of DEB activity were only partially rescued. Thus, Ku is an essential component of the pathway(s) utilized for the resolution of DNA double-strand breaks induced by either X rays or V(D)J recombination, and mutations in the Ku86 gene are responsible for the phenotype of group 5 cells.
Innovative Remediation Techniques for Restoring Well Integrity by Curing High Annulus-B Pressure and Zonal Communication (2017)

Abstract The petroleum industry has made significant investments and extensive research to rectify well integrity issues, one particular failure mode relates to the migration of hydrocarbon fluids to surface through microchannels, due to poor cementation, resulting in the inability to provide integral barriers in the 95/8" casing x 12¼" hole annulus. Section milling and external casing patches are two of the widely-utilized approaches to restore annulus integrity; however, they add complexity associated with excessive steel cuttings and re-entry risk. Remediation using Hydra System is one of the innovative approaches that can be utilized in wells to provide strong integral cement barriers behind the 95/8" production casing below the 133/8" casing-shoe to prevent reservoir fluids migrating to surface. As a consequence, the well life can be extended and the older wells can be restored back to production and injection. This approach is gaining increased popularity due to a number of economic and environmental advantages such as restoring the well production/injection with minimum workover costs and risk due to less complex operations. The research utilizes a novel technology to execute a repair of wells with failed Annulus-B (95/8" x 133/8" casing annulus barrier) integrity by providing integral cement barriers in Annulus-B above the reservoir for wells experiencing migration of hydrocarbons from reservoir through the this casing annulus. The planned methodology starts with completion recovery followed by running noise, temperature and cement bond logs in order to evaluate the cement quality behind 95/8" casing above the reservoir. Findings from the noise/temperature logs and oil sample evaluation indicated that oil is migrating from the reservoir, through Annulus-B, dripping at surface through the 30" conductor pipe. The cement bond logs indicate poor cement behind 95/8" casing above the reservoir. Therefore, the aforementioned remediation technology was successfully utilized as it delivers effective jet washing and subsequent cleaning of the annular space using specialized tools and thereafter spraying cement to create a 100-feet competent cement barrier behind the casings for effective isolation and the prevention of pressure communication to the surface via Annulus-B. Furthermore, a 7" short tie-back was installed over the perforated cemented interval. Hence, the 95/8" casing was re-established as a well barrier element in the well, allowing the well's injection rate to be restored. This strategy may be developed as a very cost-effective technology as it saves the operator approximately 16-22 days and $ 1.6-2.3 million per well with associated significant CAPEX and OPEX savings by avoiding additional costs associated with complexity of operations in section milling. It is feasible to be applied in offshore wells requiring remediation of failed Annulus-B integrity as it delivers greater efficiency by reducing the rig time and the associated costs.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay on a microchip with electrochemical detection (2001)

This paper presents the development of a sandwich immunoassay in disposable plastic microchips. Photoablated microchannels with integrated electrodes have been used for the development of enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA). The presence of the electrode inside the 40 nL microchannel enables the detection of the redox active enzyme substrate directly inside the reaction channel. Furthermore, due to the small diffusion distances, each incubation time can be reduced to five minutes instead of a few hours in standard microtiterplates. The initial characterisation of this immunoassay has been performed with a large protein complex D-Dimer-alkaline phosphatase. This system was used for the detection of immobilised antibodies on the surface of the photoablated microchannel. In a second step, a sandwich immunoassay with a horseradish peroxidase-secondary antibody conjugate (HRP-conjugate) was used to detect D-Dimer between 0.1 and 100 nM, which is the relevant concentration range of the clinical tests.
Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (1998)

We present a real-time, direct-view multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscope that provides three-dimensional imaging at high resolution. Using a rotating microlens disk, we split the near-infrared light of a mode-locked titanium-sapphire laser into an array of beams that are transformed into an array of high-aperture foci at the object. We typically scan at 225 frames per second and image the fluorescence with a camera that reads out the images at video rate. For 1.4 aperture oil and 1.2 water immersion lenses at 780-nm excitation we obtained axial resolutions of 0.84 and 1.4mum , respectively, which are similar to that of a single-beam two-photon microscope. Compared with the latter setup, our system represents a 40-100-fold increase in efficiency, or imaging speed. Moreover, it permits the observation with the eye of high-resolution two-photon images of (live) samples.
Role of nitric oxide in placental vascular development and function (2011)

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most pleiotropic signaling molecules at systemic and cellular levels, participating in vascular tone regulation, cellular respiration, proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression. Indeed NO actively participates in trophoblast invasion, placental development and represents the main vasodilator in this tissue. Despite the large number of studies addressing the role of NO in the placenta, its participation in placental vascular development and the effect of altered levels of NO on placental function remains to be clarified. This review draws a time-line of the participation of NO throughout placental vascular development, from the differentiation of vascular precursors to the consolidation of vascular function are considered. The influence of NO on cell types involved in the origin of the placental vasculature and the expression and function of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS) throughout pregnancy are described. The developmental processes involved in the placental vascular bed are considered, such as the participation of NO in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through VEGF and Angiopoietin signaling molecules. The role of NO in vascular function once the placental vascular tree has developed, in normal pregnancy as well as in pregnancy-related diseases, is then discussed.
“Parahomologous” Gene Targeting in Drosophila Cells: An Efficient, Homology-Dependent Pathway of Illegitimate Recombination Near a Target Site (1997)

Drosophila cells in culture can be transformed by introducing exogenous DNA carrying a selectable marker. Here we report on the fate of plasmids that contain an extended fragment of Drosophila DNA in addition to the selectable marker. A small minority of the resulting transformants appear to arise from homologous recombination at the chromosomal target. However, the majority of the insertions are the products of illegitimate events in the vicinity of the target DNA, and they often cause mutations in the targeted region. The efficiency of this process, its homology dependence, and the clustering of the products define a novel transformation pathway that we call "parahomologous targeting."