gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ascorbate oxidase produced by Myrothecium verrucaria. (1987)

1) Myrothecium verrucaria IFO 4株, IAM 1株の計5株について, 胞子の生成量が大でAsA酸化酵素活性の高い菌株をスクリーニングした結果, IAM5063を選択した。胞子はL-AsA, D-iso AsA両者をそれぞれ酸化したが, D-iso AsAに対する酸化能はL-AsAに対する酸化能の約1/10であった。2) Myrothecium verrucariaの胞子のAsA酸化酵素をDEAE-Sephadex A-50クロマトグラフィー, Sepharose 6Bゲルクロマトグラフィー, CM-Sephadex C-50クロマトグラフィー操作により部分精製し, その比活性はSepharose 6Bの段階で約700倍に上昇した。3) 本酵素の分子量は約38万ダルトンであった。また, 本酵素はL-AsAを酸化し, DHAを生成することが確認された。至適pHは6～7, 至適温度は30℃付近であった。また40℃以下では安定であった。4) 本酵素はL-AsAは酸化するが, D-iso AsAは酸化しなかった。またD-iso AsAの添加によりAsA酸化酵素活性が阻害され, その阻害様式は非拮抗阻害であった。5) 本酵素はジエチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム, フェニルチオ尿素, 8-ハイドロキシキノリンおよびアザイドに阻害されなかったが, Cu2+を10-4M添加することで活性が5.7倍に上昇し, 本酵素の活性に対しCu2+が大きな影響をもっていることがわかった。
Cytologic Diagnosis of Nonpalpable Breast Cancer Presenting Nipple Discharge (1997)

乳頭異常分泌 (ND) を主徴とする無腫瘤性乳癌に対する細胞診手法とその診断能を検討した。対象は1980年1月から1995年12月までの教室で扱ったNDを呈した無腫瘤性乳癌61例である。分泌物細胞診 (S法), 乳管洗浄細胞診 (W法) の正診 (ClassIIIb以上) 率, 確診 (Class IV・V) 率はS法 : 11.5%, 8.2%, W法 : 32.8%, 16.4%であり, この2法によるClassIIIa以上の異型細胞検出率も54.1%と高率ではなかった。乳管内視鏡の開発, 導入 (1989年8月) 以後はそれ以前に比しS法やW法の診断率が低下したが, 乳管内視鏡下に考案, 施行されたキュレット細胞診 (C法) の正診率45.5% (10/22), 確診率36.4% (8/22) であり, 末梢乳管に位置する微小乳癌を検出し得たことが注目される。画像診断法の発展とともに微小な乳癌の検出数が増加し, 新しい細胞採取法であるC法の診断的意義が大きい。画像診断と細胞診の発展がNDを示す無腫瘤性乳癌の早期検出・診断に不可欠である。
Control of eukaryotic phosphate homeostasis by inositol polyphosphate sensor domains (2016)

Phosphorus is a macronutrient taken up by cells as inorganic phosphate (P(i)). How cells sense cellular P(i) levels is poorly characterized. Here, we report that SPX domains--which are found in eukaryotic phosphate transporters, signaling proteins, and inorganic polyphosphate polymerases--provide a basic binding surface for inositol polyphosphate signaling molecules (InsPs), the concentrations of which change in response to P(i) availability. Substitutions of critical binding surface residues impair InsP binding in vitro, inorganic polyphosphate synthesis in yeast, and P(i) transport in Arabidopsis In plants, InsPs trigger the association of SPX proteins with transcription factors to regulate P(i) starvation responses. We propose that InsPs communicate cytosolic P(i) levels to SPX domains and enable them to interact with a multitude of proteins to regulate P(i) uptake, transport, and storage in fungi, plants, and animals.
Analyses of Piezoelectric Isotropic Materials with Elliptical Cavity, Rigid Boundary or Elastic Inclusion under Out-of-Plane Shear Loadings and their Numerical Examples. (1998)

Piezoelectric materials are widely used in industrial areas from the excellent results of the mechanical and electrical couplings such as the expectation to reduce stress concentrations by electrical controls. Contrary to this expectation, piezoelectric materials may have some tendencies to develop critical crack growth because of stress concentrations induced by both mechanical and electrical loads. Therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior of stresses and displacements at the vicinity of the stress concentrated region like a cavity or crack as well as elliptical inclusion. In this paper, a two-dimensional electroelastic analysis is performed on a isotropic piezoelectric material containing elliptical defect under the cases of out of plane shear loadings at infinity. General solutions are provided in terms of complex functions, with emphasis being placed on stress concentrations. Several numerical examples are given for both mechanical and electrical loads.
A Simple, Cross-linked Collagen Tissue Substitute for Corneal Implantation (2006)

Collagen can be adequately stabilized, using water soluble carbodiimides as protein cross-linking reagents, in the fabrication of corneal matrix substitutes for implantation. The simple cross-linking methodology would allow for easy fabrication of matrices for transplantation in centers where there is a shortage of corneas, or where there is need for temporary patches to repair perforations in emergency situations.
Common-mode feedback in electrical impedance tomography (1992)

When a current is injected into a body, in addition to the voltage profile developed on the surface, a common-mode voltage (CMV) which produces errors in the measurement also appears. The great accuracy needed to reconstruct images in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) requires the use of differential amplifiers with a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) to avoid this error. Nevertheless, the effective CMRR is lower than the differential amplifier ratio due to mismatches in the electrode impedances and other circuits in the measurement channel. The use of common-mode feedback (CMFB) is an alternative to reducing the error produced by the CMV. The stability of the feedback loop is analysed for a broadband system. Simulation and experimental results show that it is possible to obtain an improvement of 40 dB in the measurements at frequencies of up to 10 kHz.
Reduced sensitivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice to multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes. (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), has been proposed as a mediator of immune-induced beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. To evaluate the role of iNOS for beta-cell dysfunction and death, we investigated the sensitivity of beta-cells from mice genetically deficient in this enzyme (iNOS-/-, background C57BL/6x129SvEv, H-2b) both to interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced beta-cell dysfunction in vitro and to multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLDS)-induced diabetes in vivo. Exposure of islets isolated from C57BL/6 mice to IL-1beta for 24 h in vitro resulted in an induction of iNOS mRNA expression, an increase in nitrite formation, and a decrease in insulin release and proinsulin biosynthesis as compared with untreated C57BL/6 islets. IL-1beta failed to induce iNOS mRNA expression and increase nitrite formation by islets isolated from iNOS knockout mice (iNOS-/-), and no impairment in islet function was observed. The iNOS-/- mice showed a reduced incidence of hyperglycemia after treatment with MLDS as compared with wild-type C57BL/6 (H-2b) and 129 SvEv (H-2b) mice. On day 21 after the first streptozotocin (STZ) injection, 75% of the C57BL/6 mice and 100% of the 129SvEv mice had blood glucose levels >11 mmol/l, whereas the corresponding number for iNOS-/- mice was only 23%. This protection was not due to a delay in the onset of hyperglycemia, since no increase in number of hyperglycemic iNOS-/- mice was observed when the animals were followed up to 42 days. Moreover, islets isolated from iNOS-/- mice were susceptible to the in vitro deleterious effects of STZ. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that iNOS may contribute to beta-cell damage after exposure to IL-1beta in vitro and treatment with MLDS in vivo.
T Cells with a CD4 <sup>+</sup> CD25 <sup>+</sup> Regulatory Phenotype Suppress In Vitro Proliferation of Virus-Specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cells during Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2005)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with impaired proliferative, cytokine, and cytotoxic effector functions of HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells that probably contribute significantly to viral persistence. Here, we investigated the potential role of T cells with a CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory phenotype in suppressing virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation during chronic HCV infection. In vitro depletion studies and coculture experiments revealed that peptide specific proliferation as well as gamma interferon production of HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells were inhibited by CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. This inhibition was dose dependent, required direct cell-cell contact, and was independent of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta. Interestingly, the T-cell-mediated suppression in chronically HCV-infected patients was not restricted to HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells but also to influenza virus-specific CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from persons recovered from HCV infection and from healthy blood donors exhibited significantly less suppressor activity. Thus, the inhibition of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation was enhanced in chronically HCV-infected patients. This was associated with a higher frequency of circulating CD4(+)CD25(+) cells observed in this patient group. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic HCV infection leads to the expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells that are able to suppress CD8(+) T-cell responses to different viral antigens. Our results further suggest that CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells may contribute to viral persistence in chronically HCV-infected patients and may be a target for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis C.
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation reduces sympathetic preponderance in patients with tinnitus (2017)

The pre-treatment HRV recording showed sympathetic preponderance/reduced parasympathetic activity in about three quarters (73%) of patients. Active tVNS significantly increased variability of R-R intervals in 75% of patients and HRV age was decreased in 70% of patients. Either the variability of R-R intervals was increased or the HRV age decreased in 90% of the patients. These results indicate that tVNS can induce a shift in ANS function from sympathetic preponderance towards parasympathetic predominance. tVNS caused no major morbidity, and heart rate monitoring during the tVNS treatment showed no cardiac or circulatory effects (e.g. bradycardia) in any of the patients.
An interactive translation support facility for non-professional users (1997)

We present an interactive translation method to support non-professional users to write an original document. The method, combining dictionary lookup function and user-guided stepwise interactive machine translation, allows the user to obtain clear result with an easy operation. We implemented the method as an English writing support facility that serves as a translation support front-end to an arbitrary application.
Development of a time-resolved fluorometry based immunoassay for the determination of canine haptoglobin in various body fluids (2004)

A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) was developed for the determination of haptoglobin (Hp) in canine serum. Haptoglobin was purified from canine acute phase serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel filtration. This isolated dog Hp was used as the standard to calibrate the assay. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of the assay were, respectively, 5.7% and 16.6% at 0.51 mg/mL, 2.4% and 10.6% at 2.1 mg/mL and 10.5% and 11.9% at 32.5 mg/mL. The dilution of serum samples with high Hp concentrations resulted in linear regression equations with R2 of 0.99 and 0.97. A high correlation was found in serum Hp measurements by TR-IFMA and a commercial assay based on peroxidase activity of haemoglobin bound to haptoglobin (R2 = 0.96). The limit of detection for the TR-IFMA method was 0.002 microg/mL. The addition of fresh haemolysate to serum samples did not affect the haptoglobin concentration (P = 0.694). Statistical differences (P < 0.003) were found between healthy dogs and dogs with different pathological processes. In whole blood, Hp concentrations were much lower than in serum but closely related (R2 = 0.84) whereas saliva Hp concentrations were poorly related with serum concentrations (R2 = 0.53). However, the concentration of Hp in saliva was significantly (P < 0.039) higher in dogs with pathological processes compared to healthy dogs. The assay sensitivity was adequate to also be applied to whole blood and saliva specimens.
Diverse Workspace Path Planning for Robot Manipulators (2012)

We present a novel algorithm that generates a set of diverse workspace paths for\nmanipulators. By considering more than one possible path we give our manipulator\nthe flexibility to choose from many possible ways to execute a task. This is\nparticularly important in cases in which the best workspace path cannot be executed\nby the manipulator (e.g. due to the presence of obstacles that collide with\nthe manipulator links). Our workspace paths are generated such that a distance\nmetric between them is maximized, allowing them to span different workspace regions.\nManipulator planners mostly focus on solving the problem by analyzing the\nconfiguration space (e.g. Jacobian-based methods); our approach focuses on analyzing\nalternative workspace paths which are comparable to the optimal solution in\nterms of length. This paper introduces our intuitive algorithm and also presents the\nresults of a series of experiments performed with a simulated 7 DOF robotic arm.
Background subtraction in varying illuminations using an ensemble based on an enlarged feature set (2009)

Image sequences with dynamic backgrounds often cause false classification of pixels. In particular, varying illuminations cause significant changes in the representation of a scene in different color spaces, which in turn results in the high levels of failure in such conditions. Because mapping to alternate color spaces has largely failed to solve this problem, a solution of using alternate image features is proposed in this paper. In particular, the use of gradient and texture features along with the original color intensities are used in an ensemble of mixture of Gaussians background classifiers. A clear improvement is shown when using this method compared to the Mixture of Gaussians algorithm using only color intensities. In addition, this work shows that performing background subtraction using only gradient magnitude as an image feature performs at a much higher rate in varying illuminations then using color intensities. Results are generated on three separate datasets, each with unique, dynamic, illumination conditions.
Coordinated Multicell Multicast Beamforming Based on Manifold Optimization (2017)

Multicast beamforming is a key technology for next-generation wireless cellular networks to support high-rate content distribution services. In this letter, the coordinated downlink multicast beamforming design in multicell networks is considered. The goal is to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of all users under individual base station power constraints. We exploit the fractional form of the objective function and geometric properties of the constraints to reformulate the problem as a parametric manifold optimization program. Afterwards we propose a low-complexity Dinkelbach-type algorithm combined with adaptive exponential smoothing and Riemannian conjugate gradient iteration, which is guaranteed to converge. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing SDP-based method and DC-programming-based method and achieves near-optimal performance.
Production, Control and Utilization of Extremely High Density Relativistic Streams. (1976)

A tapered form of diode has been used successfully to provide for delivery of the beam with reduced distance to the wall and resultant more effective delivery of material from the wall into the beam channel to aid in formation of the superpinched beam. Machine impedance characteristics need to be cleaned up in order to complete the investigation of the operation of the tapered tube. (Author)
A Two-Stage Distributed Architecture for Voltage Control in Power Distribution Systems (2012)

In this paper, we propose an architecture for voltage regulation in distribution networks that relies on controlling reactive power injections provided by distributed energy resources (DERs). A local controller on each bus of the network monitors the bus voltage and, whenever there is a voltage violation, it uses locally available information to estimate the amount of reactive power that needs to be injected into the bus in order to correct the violation. If the DERs connected to the bus can collectively provide the reactive power estimated by the local controller, they are instructed to do so. Otherwise, the local controller initiates a request for additional reactive power support from other controllers at neighboring buses through a distributed algorithm that relies on a local exchange of information among neighboring controllers. We show that the proposed architecture helps prevent voltage violations and shapes the voltage profile in radial distribution networks, even in the presence of considerable penetration of variable generation and loads. We present several case studies involving 8-, 13-, and 123-bus distribution systems to illustrate the operation of the architecture.
Implementation of a binaural localization algorithm in hearing aids: Specifications and achievable solutions (2014)

This article introduces the constraints and issues related to the implementation of a binaural localization algorithm on a pair of hearing aids. The algorithm should improve the rendering of the spatial information available in the audio signals, which are usually distorted by the signal processing algorithms in the hearing devices, thus degrading localization cues. First, several reported algorithms achieving binaural sound localization in the frontal horizontal plane are reviewed. The way in which the standard methods and processes could be used within the context of hearing aids is then discussed. Finally, a solution that is suitable for a certain type of systems is proposed.
Low Concentrations of Mupirocin in the Pharynx following Intranasal Application May Contribute to Mupirocin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2001)

We describe a patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonizing the pharynx. The MIC of mupirocin was 0.25 microg/ml before treatment and increased after treatment to 8 microg/ml. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we confirmed that the genotypes of MRSA that colonized the pharynx before and after the use of mupirocin were identical. We measured the delivery of mupirocin to the pharynx in three normal volunteers and two patients. Low concentrations of mupirocin were present in the pharynx in all cases 10 min to 3 days after intranasal application. Our data suggested that low concentrations of the drug in the pharynx after intranasal application of mupirocin ointment might explain the selection of mupirocin resistance in MRSA.
A Bulk Flow Model of a Brush Seal System (1991)

Fibers such as fabric and bristles can be readily fabricated into a variety of seal configurations that are compliant and responsive to high speed or lightly loaded systems. A linear, circular, or contoured brush seal system is a contact seal consisting of the bristle pattern and hardened interface. When compared to a labyrinth seal the brush seal system is superior and features low leakage, dynamic stability, and permits compliant structures. But in turn the system usually requires a hardened smooth interface, permits only limited pressure drops. Wear life and wear debris for operations with static or dynamic excitation are largely undetermined. A seal system involves control of fluid within specific boundaries. The brush and rub ring (or rub surface) form a seal system. In this paper, design similitudes, a bulk flow model, and rub ring (interface) coatings are discussed. The bulk flow model calculations are based on flows in porous media and filters. The coatings work is based on our experience and expanded to include current practice.
Colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1): its enhancement of plasminogen activator production and inhibition of cell growth in a mouse macrophage cell line. (1984)

CSF-1 is a hemopoietic growth factor that specifically causes the proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic cells. J774 cells are a monocyte precursor-like macrophage cell line. This transformed macrophage cell line exhibits specific 125I-CSF-I-binding activity similar to that of normal murine macrophages, although its survival and growth is independent of CSF-1. At 0 degrees C, saturation of binding sites was achieved at 240 pM 125I-CSF-1. At 37 degrees C, the bound 125I-CSF-1 was rapidly internalized and degraded by the target cells with a T1/2 of approximately 30 min; degradation was inhibited by the addition of NH4Cl. The addition of CSF-1 to cultures caused dose-dependent inhibition rather than stimulation of [3H]thymidine uptake by J774 cells. Whereas CSF-1 stimulated the clonal growth of normal mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages, it inhibited the clonal growth of J774 cells in agar cultures. Furthermore, CSF-1 exhibited a concentration-dependent enhancement of the production of plasminogen activator (PA) by J774 cells. The enhanced production of PA was detected 6 hr after the addition of CSF-1 and was inhibited by the simultaneous addition of the anti-inflammatory drug. It appears that the effects of CSF-1 on cell proliferation and PA production by CSF-1 receptor-bearing cells are mediated by distinct intracellular pathways albeit through the same receptor.
Inband Flow Analyzer (2019)

Inband Flow Analyzer (IFA) records flow specific information from an
end station and/or switches across a network. This document discusses
the method to collect data on a per hop basis across a network and
perform localized or end to end analytics operations on the data. This
document also describes a transport-agnostic header definition that
may be used for tunneled and non-tunneled flows alike.
A general role for adaptations in G-proteins and the cyclic AMP system in mediating the chronic actions of morphine and cocaine on neuronal function (1991)

Previous studies have shown that chronic morphine increases levels of the G-protein subunits Gia and Goa, adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and certain phosphoproteins in the rat locus coeruleus, but not in several other brain regions studied, and that chronic morphine decreases levels of Gia and increases levels of adenylate cyclase in dorsal root ganglion/spinal cord (DRG-SC) co-cultures. These findings led us to survey the effects of chronic morphine on the G-protein/cyclic AMP system in a large number of brain regions to determine how widespread such regulation might be. We found that while most regions showed no regulation in response to chronic morphine, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and amygdala did show increases in adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, and thalamus showed an increase in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity only. An increase in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity was also observed in DRG-SC co-cultures. Morphine regulation of G-proteins was variable, with decreased levels of Gia seen in the NAc, increased levels of Gia and Goa in amygdala, and no change in thalamus or the other brain regions studied. Interestingly, chronic treatment of rats with cocaine, but not with several non-abused drugs, produced similar changes compared to morphine in G-proteins, adenylate cyclase, and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in the NAc, but not in the other brain regions studied. These results indicate that regulation of the G-protein/cyclic AMP system represents a mechanism by which a number of opiate-sensitive neurons adapt to chronic morphine and thereby develop aspects of opiate tolerance and/or dependence. The findings that chronic morphine and cocaine produce similar adaptations in the NAc, a brain region important for the reinforcing actions of many types of abused substances, suggest further that common mechanisms may underlie psychological aspects of drug addiction mediated by this brain region.