gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Blended Natural Gas Operation of a Heavy Duty Turbocharged Lean Burn Spark Ignition Engine (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A turbocharged lean burn natural gas engine was upgraded to operate on a blend of hydrogen and natural gas (HCNG). Tests were carried out to determine the most suitable H<sub>2</sub>/NG blend for H<sub>2</sub> fractions between 20 and 32 vol%. A 20 vol% H<sub>2</sub> content was found to provide the desired benefits when taking into consideration the engine and vehicle performance attributes. A full engine map was developed for the chosen mixture, and was verified over the steady-state AVL8 cycle. In general, the HCNG calibration included operation at higher air-fuel ratios and retarded spark timings. The results indicated that the NOx and NMHC emissions were reduced by 50% and 58% respectively, while the CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were slightly reduced. The HCNG engine torque, power and fuel consumption were maintained the same as for the natural gas fuel. The chassis dynamometer transient testing confirmed large NOx reduction of about 56% for HCNG operation. The buses have successfully completed the 24,000 miles field trials and their performance was found very satisfactory.</div>
Objective video quality assessment method for video streams spatially distorted by coding and packet loss (2007)

In recent years, video-streaming services and videoconferencing services have become among the most promising of multimedia communications applications. To make high-quality video-streaming services that are comfortable to view, we need to design appropriate content-delivery systems and then monitor the QoE (Quality of Experience). Currently, subjective assessment is the main method used to quantify video quality. However, it is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, we need an objective video quality assessment method that can estimate subjective video quality from video characteristics effectively.

In this paper, we propose an objective video quality measurement method for video streams distorted by packet loss, in addition to low bit-rate coding. This method is an improved version of our previous method for reflecting coding distortion. It has one new parameter that reflects spatial distortion caused by packet loss. Experimental results show that the estimation accuracy of this method is the same as the statistical reliability of a subjective evaluation test.
Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Electric Field Cycling Behaviors of Ferroelectric Hafnium Oxide (2018)

Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a new mechanism about the oxygen vacancies(Vo) in the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based ferroelectric devices is presented. In this mechanism, the Vo in m-phase HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> not only serve as the electron traps but also emerge ferroelectricity besides the known o-phase HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . And the increased remanent polarization during the “wake-up” process is mainly attributed to this part of Vo-m-phase HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ferroelectric cells. Based on the new mechanism, a Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulator is developed to quantify the typical electric field cycling behaviors observed in the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based ferroelectric devices, including the wake-up, fatigue, split-up, and breakdown effects. This new understanding establishes relationship between the Vo and the cycling behaviors, and further shows the connection between the dopant and the wake-up characteristics of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based ferroelectric device.
Synthesis of Hexamine Ligands by Using Trityl as an N-Blocking Group (1997)

Abstract The amino-groups of diethylenetriamine were regioselectively protected by trityl groups and then reacted with dihalogenated alkylane to give the terminal N-blocked hexamine derivatives, from which a series of hexamine ligands (5 a-f) were obtained by removing the trityl groups with 5.0 M HCl solution. Alternatively, the hexamine ligands could be also prepared via amidation and reduction reactions. The synthetic routes described here are mild, efficient and easy to handle.
Latent Normalizing Flows for Discrete Sequences (2019)

Normalizing flows are a powerful class of generative models for continuous random variables, showing both strong model flexibility and the potential for non-autoregressive generation. These benefits are also desired when modeling discrete random variables such as text, but directly applying normalizing flows to discrete sequences poses significant additional challenges. We propose a VAE-based generative model which jointly learns a normalizing flow-based distribution in the latent space and a stochastic mapping to an observed discrete space. In this setting, we find that it is crucial for the flow-based distribution to be highly multimodal. To capture this property, we propose several normalizing flow architectures to maximize model flexibility. Experiments consider common discrete sequence tasks of character-level language modeling and polyphonic music generation. Our results indicate that an autoregressive flow-based model can match the performance of a comparable autoregressive baseline, and a non-autoregressive flow-based model can improve generation speed with a penalty to performance.
Performance, Flight Testing of a Shrouded Rotor Micro Air Vehicle in Edgewise Gusts (2012)

Experimental studieswere conducted to study the response of a shrouded rotormicro air vehicle to edgewise gusts. In edgewise flow, the thrust, drag, and pitching moment produced by three platforms were compared: elliptic inlet, circular inlet shrouded rotor, and an unshrouded rotor. The elliptic inlet shrouded rotor wasmore efficient in hover but had ahigher penalty in drag andpitchingmoment in edgewiseflow.Cyclic pitch variation of a hingeless rotorwas used to counter these adverse pitching moments. The control authority of the shrouded rotors was at least 80–100% higher than the unshrouded rotor, with the elliptic inlet shrouded rotor producing the highest control moments. By optimizing rotor collective settings, it was possible to reduce the deteriorating effect of edgewise flow on control moments. To increase the control authority and gust tolerance of the shrouded rotor, the cyclic pitch travel and blade planform modifications were made. With a careful selection of rotor solidity, planform, operating revolutions per minute, and cyclic pitch travel, it was possible to achieve a gust tolerance of about 3 m=s for the circular inlet shrouded rotor. Free flight tests were then conducted to study the ability of the vehicle to hover in a given position in the presence of gusts generated from pedestal fans with honeycomb flow straighteners. A combination of VICON and an onboard sensor were used for feedback control. The vehicle was satisfactorily able tomaintain hover position in edgewise gusts of up to 3 m=s.
A Very High Performance, High Yield, and High Throughput Millimeter Wave Power pHEMT Process Technology (2001)

A high performance, high yield, and high throughput millimeter-wave, Q band, power pHEMT process technology has been developed. It utilizes double recess, selective etch, optimized expitaxial layer structure, individually grounded source via holes, and a hybrid Tee-gate. Linear power amplifiers (37-40 GHZ) with small signal gain of 18±1 dB, saturated output power of 30.5 dBm, DC yield >50%, and RF Yield ~100% are being shipped in commercial quantities. Q bands power amplifiers (43.5-45.5 GHZ) with average output power, across the band, of ~2 W, small signal gain of 18 dB, and power added efficiency of >22% are produced for internal use. The dependence of yield and RF performance on process parameters is discussed.
Antireflective coatings applied from metal–organic derived liquid precursors (1979)

Antireflective (AR) coatings, which are produced from organometallic driven solutions containing oxide constituents in a chemically polymerized form, are presented. These solutions leave a film on substrates which, upon heat treatment, converts to a glasslike oxide film having the desired optical thickness and index of refraction. The index can be varied continuously from 1.4 to 2.4; thus the AR coatings can be fine-tuned for different substrates and for specific wavelengths of light. Silicon solar cells AR-coated by this technique showed as much as 49% improvement in efficiency over the uncoated state. The real advantage of the process, however, lies in the fact that it is simple, well-suited for automated mass production of photovoltaic cells, and reduces the cost of coating application from an estimated $0.20 per W-package to about $0.01 per W-package.
An RFID solution for the monitoring of storage time and localization of perishable food in a distribution center (2015)

In this research we adopt a design-science approach to propose an RFID-based solution that addresses the issue of short life-time of perishable food in the distribution center of a Logistics company. Various design alternatives are explored and assessed against the system requirements and constraints to illustrate how an RFID-based solution can effectively tackle the short storage-life problem. A prototype system is developed and evaluated. The proposed system monitors the storage time of perishable food items that are placed on tagged pallets in the warehouse and triggers alerts before the maximum storage-time is reached. We also discuss a solution for the localization of a pallet whose food content has nearly reached it maximum storage time. Design principles for developing appropriate systems to minimize the loss of perishable food during their storage at the warehouse are proposed and these can act as best practices for practitioners.
Ganglion cell death in glaucoma: what do we really know? (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Genetic interactions have been reported to underlie phenotypes in a variety of systems, but the extent to which they contribute to complex disease in humans remains unclear. In principle, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a platform for detecting genetic interactions, but existing methods for identifying them from GWAS data tend to focus on testing individual locus pairs, which undermines statistical power. Importantly, the global genetic networks mapped for a model eukaryotic organism revealed that genetic interactions often connect genes between compensatory functional modules in a highly coherent manner. Taking advantage of this expected structure, we developed a computational approach called BridGE that identifies pathways connected by genetic interactions from GWAS data. Applying BridGE broadly, we discovered significant interactions in Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, hypertension, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Our novel approach provides a general framework for mapping complex genetic networks underlying human disease from genome-wide genotype data.
Integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC (2009)

Technologies concerning computer-aided design, process planning, manufacturing and numerical control, have matured to a point that commercialized software solutions and industrial systems can be acquired readily. These solutions or systems are, however, not necessarily connected in a seamless way, that is they are not fiintegrated. The term “islands of automation” has been used to describe these disconnected groups of systems with no obvious integration points other than the end user. As the engineering businesses are increasingly being run in a more globalized fashion, these islands of automation need to be connected to better suit and serve the collaborative and distributed environment. It is evident that the businesses are struggling with this integration strategy at a number of levels other than the underlying technology, including CAD, CAPP, CAM, and CNC for example. In some cases, where integration does not exist among these computer-aided solutions, promising product technologies may come to a sudden halt against these barriers. The previous chapters have focused on these individual computer-aided solutions, e.g. CAD, CAPP, CAM, CNC, and feature technologies. Some localized integration such as integrated feature technology has been studied. The following chapters, will in particular, look at the integration issues, technologies, and solutions. This chapter starts with a general description of traditional CAD, CAPP, CAM, and CNC integration models. This is followed by an industry case study showcasing how a proprietary CAD/CAM can be used to achieve centralized integration. To illustrate CAM/CNC integration, three different efforts are mentioned. They are APT, BCL (Binary Cutter Location, (EIA/ANSI, 1992)), BNCL (Base Numerical Control Language, (Fortin, Chatelain & Rivest, 2004)) and use of Haskell language for CNC programming (Arroyo, Ochoa, Silva & Vidal, 2004).
The Browsemaps: Collaborative Filtering at LinkedIn (2014)

Many web properties make extensive use of item-based collabora-tive filtering, which showcases relationships between pairs of items based on the wisdom of the crowd, for navigational aids and recom-mendation systems. This paper presents LinkedIn’s collaborative filtering infrastructure, known as Browsemaps. A key characteristic of our solution is that rapid development, deployment, and compu-tation of collaborative filtering is possible for almost any use case through a simple domain specific language with scaling and other operational issues handled by the system. As part of this work, we also present case studies on how this platform is used at LinkedIn in various recommendation products, as well as lessons learned in the field over the several years this system has been in production. 1.
Enterprise information integration (2005)

The goal of EII systems is to provide uniform access to multiple data sources without having to first load them into a data warehouse. Since the late 1990's, several EII products have appeared in the marketplace and significant experience has been accumulated from fielding such systems. This collection of articles, by individuals who were involved in this industry in various ways, describes some of these experiences and points to the challenges ahead.
Transient Behavior during Electrodeposition onto a Metal Strip of High Ohmic Resistance (1971)

Electrochemical deposition onto a thin metal strip of high resistance can result in a deposit of varying thickness along the strip if the electrode resistance is sufficiently large to cause a nonuniform reaction rate distribution. As deposition proceeds, the ohmic resistance of the strip decreases and thus transient behavior is observed. The transient thickening process is modeled by a one‐dimensional pseudo steady‐state method. The results illustrate how transient behavior during deposit growth depends upon the mass transfer, charge transfer, ohmic resistance, and geometric characteristics of the system. Conditions are discussed under which nonuniform deposits may be anticipated.
The J & P transformer book: A practical technology of the power transformer (1973)

The J & P transformer book: a practical technology of the power transformer , The J & P transformer book: a practical technology of the power transformer , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
DPP10 Modulates Kv4-mediated A-type Potassium Channels (2005)

A new member of a family of proteins characterized by structural similarity to dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV known as DPP10 was recently identified and linked to asthma susceptibility; however, the cellular functions of DPP10 are thus far unknown. DPP10 is highly homologous to subfamily member DPPX, which we previously reported as a modulator of Kv4-mediated A-type potassium channels (Nadal, M. S., Ozaita, A., Amarillo, Y., Vega-Saenz de Miera, E., Ma, Y., Mo, W., Goldberg, E. M., Misumi, Y., Ikehara, Y., Neubert, T. A., and Rudy, B. (2003) Neuron. 37, 449-461). We studied the ability of DPP10 protein to modulate the properties of Kv4.2 channels in heterologous expression systems. We found DPP10 activity to be nearly identical to DPPX activity and significantly different from DPPIV activity. DPPX and DPP10 facilitated Kv4.2 protein trafficking to the cell membrane, increased A-type current magnitude, and modified the voltage dependence and kinetic properties of the current such that they resembled the properties of A-type currents recorded in neurons in the central nervous system. Using in situ hybridization, we found DPP10 to be prominently expressed in brain neuronal populations that also express Kv4 subunits. Furthermore, DPP10 was detected in immunoprecipitated Kv4.2 channel complexes from rat brain membranes, confirming the association of DPP10 proteins with native Kv4.2 channels. These experiments suggest that DPP10 contributes to the molecular composition of A-type currents in the central nervous system. To dissect the structural determinants of these integral accessory proteins, we constructed chimeras of DPPX, DPP10, and DPPIV lacking the extracellular domain. Chimeras of DPPX and DPP10, but not DPPIV, were able to modulate the properties of Kv4.2 channels, highlighting the importance of the intracellular and transmembrane domains in this activity.
Prevalence of pain in general practice (2002)

Painful states of the musculoskeletal system constitute more than 2/3 of painful states in primary care. Viewed from a primary care perspective, pain has a great impact on GPs' day-to-day activities and on health economy in general.
Chemistry of Isotopes (1965)

With the exception of the field of chemical kinetics, a brief survey has been presented of the principles of isotope chemistry and their utility in the ever-unfolding panorama of scientific research. We have come a long way since Soddy and Fajans arrived at the concept of chemical twins-isotopes. There are still places to go.
Channel patency and neovascularization after transmyocardial revascularization using an excimer laser: results and comparisons to nonlased channels. (1997)

TMR using the excimer laser results in increased evidence of channel derivatives and neovascularization compared with nonlased channels while preserving normal ventricular function. These findings suggest that laser energy may be an important component of TMR strategy.
Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides by using N-methylimidazole as a condensation catalyst. Syntheses of dodecanucleotides corresponding to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid of the tetrapeptide fragments of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and vasoactive intestinal peptide. (1982)

It has been found that N-methylimidazole (MeIm) activates stable condensing reagents such as 2, 4, 6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl-4-nitroimidazolide (TPSNI) and mesitylenesulfonyl-4-nitroimidazolide (MSNI). Fully protected trinucleotides which could serve as key intermediates were synthesized by using MeIm and TPSNI or MSNI. These trinucleotides were utilized in the syntheses of the dodecamers, dCATCCACCCCAT and dAGCCATCTGCTT, which correspond to the specific tetrapeptides of cholecystokininpancreozymin and vasoactive intestinal peptide.
Steering a Flexible Railway Truck on Curved Track (1969)

This paper gives a linear analysis for the steady motion of a flexible two-axle railway truck on curved track. Most existing truck designs are too rigid to be self-steering, but provided that the primary suspension is sufficiently flexible, it is shown that a truck can negotiate main line curves without slipping or flange contact. Results are obtained for the maximum rolling displacement of the wheelsets (the tracking error), Fig. 8, and the minimum radius of curvature for no slipping, Fig. 10, expressed as a function of the suspension stiffness. It is shown that lateral loads due to superelevation deficiency have only a small effect on the motion of the truck, which is mainly determined by creep forces arising from the geometric inability of the four wheels to roll freely on curved track.
Expansion and Hepatic Differentiation of Adult Blood-Derived CD34+ Progenitor Cells and Promotion of Liver Regeneration After Acute Injury (2016)

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion and tissue-specific differentiation in vitro are challenges in regenerative medicine, although stem cell therapy has raised hope for the treatment of liver diseases by overcoming the scarcity of hepatocytes. This study identified and characterized a group of blood-derived progenitor cells (BDPCs) from the peripheral blood of an adult mouse. The CD34(+) progenitor-dominant BDPCs were rapidly expanded and hepatically differentiated into functional hepatocyte-like cells with our established coculture system. BDPC treatment increased animal survival and produced full regeneration in a severe liver injury mouse model caused by CCl4. BDPCs could have potential for liver cell therapies.
The effect of inhibitor and initiator concentration on degree of conversion, flexural strength and polymerization shrinkage stress on resin-matrix composite (2009)

Polymerization shrinkage is one of the most significant problems associated with resin-matrix composite. Shrinkage results in contraction stress in the resin, leading to possible debonding in certain areas of the adhesive joint and potentially adversely affecting the bond strength. The reduction in the stress may improve the adaptation of the resin restoration, and decrease the problems that are associated with contraction stress, such as postoperative pain and recurrent caries. Recently, it has been found that varying the inhibitor concentration would reduce the polymerization shrinkage without affecting mechanical properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of varying the initiator and initiator levels on polymerization shrinkage stress, strength, and degree of conversion. An experimental composite was prepared by using a blend of BisGMA: UDMA: TEGMA (1:1:1 weight ratio) with 70 wt% silanated glass fillers. Four levels of inhibitors (BHT 0.0 %, 2%, 6%, 20%) and initiators (CQ 2%, 6%, 20%, 60%) were used (total of 16 combinations). A tensiometer was used to measure the polymerization contraction stress, contraction stress rate and gel time for each resin. FTIR was used to measure the degree of conversion. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were determined using the three-point bending test. Resin-matrix composite with 0.0-percent BHT and 2.0-percent CQ showed the highest contraction stress and stress rate and the shortest gel time, while resin-matrix composite with the 6.0-percent BHT and 6-percent CQ showed the lowest contraction stress and stress rate and the longest gel time. At an extremely high concentrations of CQ (20 percent and 60 percent) and high BHT concentration (20 percent) low degree of conversion values were observed. Overall, from the collected data, group F (2-percent BHT and 6-percent CQ) and G (6-percent BHT and 6-percent CQ) provide the most desirable combination of strength (above 80 MPa) and stress (below 3 MPa) are present as a potential dose combination range of CQ and BHT. In conclusion, the effect of inhibitors and initiators appears to change in different resin formulation. Increasing the levels of both the inhibitor and the initiator decrease the polymerization contraction stress and stress rate, and the impact on the conversion is unpredictable. In this study, we found a decrease in both the conversion value and depth of cure.