gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of dual-staged polymerization and secondary forming of photopultruded, fiber-reinforced, methacrylate-copolymer composites (1998)

To develop a dual-curing monomer system for the photopultrusion of reformable (soft) composites, a microhardness assay showed that in a blend with 2,2-Bis[4-2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA), the substitution of methyl methacrylate (MMA) for triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) delayed the onset of gelation during photopolymerization. Adding lauroyl peroxide permitted the completion of polymerization thermally. This system was used to form silicate-glass-fiber-reinforced composites, with varying degrees of conversion, by photopultruding over a range of pulling speeds. Sol-gel extractions demonstrated both fully soluble and insoluble matrices. For the soluble material, gel permeation chromatography elucidated a trimodal distribution of molecular weights that corresponded to MMA, Bis-GMA, and polymeric molecules with molecular weights in the tens of thousands. Composites with matrix solubilities above about 10% wt could be swaged after photopultrusion to change the cross section from circular to rectangular before thermal processing. The effect on the final elastic modulus was small (-44GPa, as measured in flexure for 57% vol-reinforced composites); but the final flexure strength was reduced by approximately 25% to a constant of about 1.2 GPa. Morphological characteristics that were seen in the circular-sectioned precursors were observed in the swaged rectangular products as well, including flaws when swaging was conducted at matrix solubilities above about 75%.
Dual adaptive control based upon sensitivity functions (1984)

A new adaptive dual control solution is presented for the control of a class of multi-variable input-output systems. Both rapidly varying random parameters and constant but unknown parameters are included. The new controller modifies the cautious control design by numerator and denominator correction terms. This controller is shown to depend upon sensitivity functions of the expected future cost. A scalar example is presented to provide insight into the properties of the new dual controller. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed which show improvement over the cautious controller and the Linear Feedback Dual Controller of [1] and [2].
Raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) for measuring fast protein dynamics and concentrations with a commercial laser scanning confocal microscope (2007)

Raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) is a new and novel technique for measuring molecular dynamics and concentrations from fluorescence confocal images. The RICS technique extracts information about molecular dynamics and concentrations from images of living cells taken on commercial confocal systems. Here we develop guidelines for performing the RICS analysis on an analogue commercial laser scanning confocal microscope. Guidelines for typical instrument settings, image acquisition settings and analogue detector characterization are presented. Using appropriate instrument/acquisition parameters, diffusion coefficients and concentrations can be determined, even for highly dynamic dye molecules in solution. Standard curves presented herein demonstrate the ability to detect protein concentrations as low as approximately 2 nM. Additionally, cellular measurements give accurate values for the diffusion of paxillin-enhanced-green fluorescent protein (EGFP), an adhesion adaptor molecule, in the cytosol of the cell and also show slower paxillin dynamics near adhesions where paxillin interacts with immobile adhesion components. Methods are presented to account for bright immobile structures within the cell that dominate spatial correlation functions; allowing the extraction of fast protein dynamics within and near these structures. A running average algorithm is also presented to address slow cellular movement or movement of cellular features such as adhesions. Finally, methods to determine protein concentration in the presence of immobile structures within the cell are presented. A table is presented giving guidelines for instrument and imaging setting when performing RICS on the Olympus FV300 confocal and these guidelines are a starting point for performing the analysis on other commercial confocal systems.
Formation and Structure of a NAIP5-NLRC4 Inflammasome Induced by Direct Interactions with Conserved N- and C-terminal Regions of Flagellin (2012)

The NOD-like receptors NAIP5 and NLRC4 play an essential role in the innate immune response to the bacterial tail protein flagellin. Upon flagellin detection, NAIP5 and NLRC4 form a hetero-oligomeric inflammasome that induces caspase-1-dependent cell death. So far, both the mechanism of formation of the NAIP5-NLRC4 inflammasome and its structure are poorly understood. In this study we combine inflammasome reconstitution in HEK293 cells, purification of inflammasome components, and negative stain electron microscopy to address these issues. We find that a Salmonella typhimurium flagellin fragment comprising the D0 domain and the neighboring spoke region is able to co-precipitate NAIP5 and induce formation of the NAIP5-NLRC4 inflammasome. Comparison with smaller fragments indicates that flagellin recognition is mediated by its C-terminal residues as well as the spoke region. We reconstitute the inflammasome from purified flagellin, NAIP5, and NLRC4, thus proving that no other cellular components are required for its formation. Electron micrographs of the purified inflammasome provide unprecedented insight into its architecture, revealing disk-like complexes consisting of 11 or 12 protomers in which NAIP5 and NLRC4 appear to occupy equivalent positions. On the basis of our data, we propose a model for inflammasome formation wherein direct interaction of flagellin with a single NAIP5 induces the recruitment and progressive incorporation of NLRC4, resulting in the formation of a hetero-oligomeric inflammasome.
Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving pullulan films containing BCS class II drug nanoparticles for bioavailability enhancement (2015)

The aim of this study is to assess pullulan as a novel steric stabilizer during the wet-stirred media milling (WSMM) of griseofulvin, a model poorly water-soluble drug, and as a film-former in the preparation of strip films via casting-drying the wet-milled drug suspensions for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement. To this end, pullulan films, with xanthan gum (XG) as thickening agent and glycerin as plasticizer, were loaded with griseofulvin nanoparticles prepared by WSMM using pullulan in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an ionic stabilizer. The effects of drug loading and milling time on the particle size and suspension stability were investigated, as well as XG concentration and casting thickness on film properties and dissolution rate. The nanosuspensions prepared with pullulan-SDS combination were relatively stable over 7 days; hence, this combination was used for the film preparation. All pullulan-based strip films exhibited excellent content uniformity (most <3% RSD) despite containing only 0.3-1.3 mg drug, which was ensured by the use of precursor suspensions with >5000 cP viscosity. USP IV dissolution tests revealed fast/immediate drug release (t80 < 30 min) from films <120 μm thick. Thinner films, films with lower XG loading, or smaller drug particles led to faster drug dissolution, while drug loading had no discernible effect. Overall, these results suggest that pullulan may serve as an acceptable stabilizer for media milling in combination with surfactant as well as a fast-dissolving film former for the fast release of poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles.
Energetic Ionic Materials: How Green Are They? A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Study (2013)

Recently, several energetic ionic salts and liquids have been proposed as novel high-energy materials, propellants, and explosives. The life cycle environmental impacts of these new energetic salts have not been previously studied. Environmental impacts arise both from release of these energetic materials themselves as well as from their synthesis. In this work, for the first time, we report the results of cradle-to-gate life cycle environmental impacts of production of energetic ionic salt 1,2,3-triazolium nitrate and compare it with traditional energetic material 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The results indicate that the production processes of ionic salt have a significantly higher environmental footprint than conventional energetic materials. The above result was consistent across all nine impact categories analyzed and can be directly attributed to energy intensive steps needed to prepare the ionic salt and its precursors. The findings suggest that ionic energetic materials have higher environmental impact than TNT from a life cycle perspective.
Combination of lignin polyol–tannin adhesives and polyethylenimine for the preparation of green water‐resistant adhesives (2016)

ABSTRACT In this study, a green adhesive from renewable lignin and tannin was developed with polyethylenimine (PEI) with a method to improve the water resistance of the lignin/tannin adhesive. Lignin polyols were prepared through the liquefaction of oil‐palm empty fruit bunches. The characteristics of the adhesive samples were compared with those of a commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin. Three plywood specimens bonded with the new adhesive showed a very high tensile strength (63.04 MPa) and were very water resistant. The effect of the solid content of the adhesives on the tensile strength and gel time and various weight ratios of PEI on the tensile strength and water resistance of the plywood specimens were evaluated. Thermal stability tests revealed that the lignin polyol–tannin/PEI adhesives had a high heat resistance (360 °C). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43437.
Computer model for the simulation of printed superdirective HTS spiral antennas (1996)

Analysis of a printed wire antenna with arbitrary configuration is used to obtain a moment method solution for an array of spiral antennas. Numerical techniques employed in the computation are described together with an algorithm for defining an Archimedian spiral geometry. The numerical analysis reveals the characteristics of printed spiral antennas, such as lower Q factors, which provide advantages over dipole arrays.
Application of optical communications for power distribution companies (2002)

Optical fibers used in electric power distribution companies are described. There are two kinds of optical fibers used along with grounding wires; one is called the built-in type, in which optical fibers are inserted in the core part of one grounding wire, and one other is called the winding type, in which the optical fiber cable is wound around existing grounding wire. The two types of built-in optical grounding wires (OPGW), rigid and loose, are described. A new design for an OPGW is outlined. An example of the winding type OPGW is shown. Fiber cables used by power distribution companies are conventional and have a relatively small number of fibers in the cable and many branches and splices. Pair-ribbon slot cables, which are suitable for such purposes, were recently developed and widely put into practical use. Pair-ribbon cables and splicing of pair ribbon cables are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cutting Edge: The Immunostimulatory Activity of the Lung Surfactant Protein-A Involves Toll-Like Receptor 4 (2002)

The collectin surfactant protein-A (SP-A) is involved in the innate host defense and the regulation of inflammatory processes in the lung. In this work we investigated the molecular mechanisms related to the immunostimulatory activity of SP-A using macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, which carry an inactivating mutation in the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 gene, and TLR4-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. We demonstrate that SP-A-induced activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and up-regulation of cytokine synthesis such as TNF-alpha and IL-10 are critically dependent on the TLR4 functional complex. These findings support the concept that TLR4 is a pattern recognition receptor that signals in response to both foreign pathogens and endogenous host mediators.
Savoirs et pouvoirs (2007)

Résumé Si la controverse liée au regard que nous portons sur cet autre « passé qui ne passe pas » est aujourd?hui de moindre intensité qu?il y a encore un an, elle est loin d?être éteinte et ne le sera probablement pas avant que soient explicités les motivations qui conduisent hommes politiques et citoyens, chercheurs et militants, à s?y investir. La polémique est parfois caractérisée par l'absence d?un véritable dialogue, comme si, pour les uns et les autres ? pas seulement pour les « minorités vociférantes » en quête de reconnaissance, mais aussi pour l'État républicain ou pour le monde académique ? l'enjeu était existentiel. D?où notre envie de mettre en abyme ce « débat postcolonial », de réfléchir aux ingrédients de la polémique, avec l'aide de trois chercheurs venus d?horizons variés et qui n?entretiennent pas les mêmes relations avec la sphère politique. Pour parler de ces questions, Mouvements a réuni trois invités : Romain Bertrand, politiste et directeur de recherches au Centre d?études et de recherches internationales (CERI-FNSP) ; Jean-Luc Bonniol, professeur d?anthropologie à l'université d?Aix-Marseille III et chercheur à la Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme, Aix-en-Provence ; et Nacira Guénif-Souilamas, sociologue, maître de conférences à l'université de Paris Nord-XIII 1 .
Hetero Diels−Alder Reactions of 1-Amino-3-siloxy-1,3-butadienes under Strictly Thermal Conditions (2000)

The hetero Diels-Alder reaction of 1-amino-3-siloxy-1,3-butadiene (1a) with a range of unactivated aldehydes proceeds readily under remarkably mild conditions: at room temperature and in the absence of Lewis acid catalysts. The cycloadducts are formed in good yields and can be converted directly to the corresponding dihydro-4-pyrones using acetyl chloride. Ketones and imines are also reactive in hetero Diels-Alder reactions with this diene.
Fundamentals of Pulse Compression Waveforms (2010)

A radar system employing a continuous wave (CW) pulse exhibits a range resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that are both proportional to pulse width. SNR drives detection performance and measurement accuracy and is a function of the energy in the pulse. Energy and SNR are increased by lengthening the pulse. Range resolution defines a radar's ability to separate returns in range and is improved by decreasing the pulse width. An undesired relationship, coupled through the pulse width, exists between the energy in a CW pulse and the pulse's range resolution. Near the end of World War II, radar engineers applied intrapulse modulation to decouple the two quantities. Range resolution was shown to be inversely proportional to bandwidth. A waveform's bandwidth could be increased via modulation, achieving finer range resolution without shortening the pulse. Waveforms that decouple resolution and energy via intrapulse or interpulse modulation are termed pulse compression waveforms.
Femtosecond laser three-dimensional microstructuring inside photosensitive glasses (2004)

Femtosecond laser is used to form three-dimensional (3D) microstructures embedded in Foturan, a photosensitive glass. The microstructures are realized using a three steps process including infrared femtosecond exposure, heating process and etching in an ultrasonic solution of hydrofluoric acid in water. The experiments were carried out using a specially designed ultrafast laser micromachining station, which included a femtosecond laser (Spectra Physics, 110fs, 800nm, 1 mJ/pulse at repetition rate of 1kHz), systems for the delivery, high-precision focusing and spatial-temporal control of the laser beam, and a fully automated and programmed system for the precise target positioning over a prescribed 3D trajectory. Microstructures were compared to those obtained with excimer laser micromachining. Efficiency of the fabrication process will be discussed in terms of the various laser and etching fabrication parameters. This process has some potential interest for the fabrication of 3D microfluidic systems.
First monolithic integration of GaN-based enhancement mode n-channel and p-channel heterostructure field effect transistors (2014)

GaN-based devices have shown to be promising alternatives to Si-based devices in a wide range of applications. After covering several frequency bands in RF power amplification, GaN-based devices also penetrate into the power-switching market. Owing to the high carrier density and the high mobility in a 2-D electron gas (2DEG) and a large bandgap, GaN-based devices have shown great performance. These properties may also be exploited in digital logic applications, for which complementary logic offers the lowest power consumption. Hence, p-channel devices which employ a 2-D hole gas (2DHG) have attracted increasing research interest lately [1,2]. The recent progress of p-channel device characteristics [1] finally enables the monolithic integration of p- and n-channel transistors. Hence, complementary logic on basis of GaN (C-GaN) is within reach. As a first step towards C-GaN, the first report on the integration of enhancement mode (e-mode) n- and p-channel devices on a single wafer is presented. Challenges encountered are discussed and a first voltage transfer characteristic of an inverter structure is shown.
Quantitative studies on origins of fresh tomato aroma volatiles (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative studies on origins of fresh tomato aroma volatilesRon G. Buttery, Roy Teranishi, Louisa C. Ling, Robert A. Flath, and Donald J. SternCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 6, 1247–1250Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00084a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00084a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views751Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early cost/performance cache analysis of a split MCM-based MicroSparc CPU (2002)

Optimization of a microelectronic system is a difficult task involving a number of different disciplines. Often, an optimization in one discipline will result in a sub-optimal solution in other areas and the overall system. This paper looks into the optimization of a microelectronics system by concurrent consideration of the micro-architecture, package, and logic partitioning. This approach will attempt to identify an optimized design by helping the designer to explore the multi-dimensional solution space and evaluate the design candidates based on their system-level cost/performance. As a demonstration vehicle, we have evaluated the SUN MicroSparc CPU for possible MCM packaging based on sets of smaller dies using this approach. Cost/performance figure-of-merits are presented for various cache sizes using cost-optimized partitioning for flip-chip MCM-D packaging.
Parental reasons and perception of traditional uvulectomy in children (2011)

Background: The practice of traditional uvulectomy in children is common in Africa. This is usually propagated by traditional health providers, the disease causal attributions by the uvula are the main influencing factors for subjecting children to the procedure. Objectives: To ascerlain the parent's reasons and perception of traditional uvulectomy in children, their educational and socioeconomic status. Methods: A one year prospective survey on all parents of children aged 15yrs and below presenting to our facilities and who were found to have an amputated uvula. A structured interviewer- questionnaire was administered to 385 parents; the interviewer-questionnaire contained the child's demographic data, age of the child at uvulectomy, the parent's educational level and occupation and also the parent's perception on the diseases caused by the uvula. The data collated was analyzed using. the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software, version 16.0. Results: A total of 385 children with amputated uvula were studied, males constituted, 52.7%, and females, 47.3%. The commonest disease perception attributed to the uvula was frequent throat infections, 102(260.5%)0 . other perceptions include failure-to-thrive, 43(111 .2%), and some multiple disease occurrence which includes diarrhea and vomiting. The educational levels of the parents were mostly, non-formal, 194 (50.4%), with a significant disease attribution correlation, p=<0.005. Most of the parents were of the socio2-economic ciess3-v, 162(42.1 %), with a significant disease attribution correlation, p=<0.005. Conclusion: The main parental reason for traditional uvulectomy in children was found to be frequent throat infections and some multiple disease occurrences, parental poverly and lack of formal education were some of the major influencing factors, hence we recommend that, formal education, especially health education and creation of employments by the government will help in alleviating such practices4.
Prothrombotic antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 (2020)

Patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) are at high risk for thrombotic arterial and venous occlusions. At the same time, lung histopathology often reveals fibrin-based occlusion in the small vessels of patients who succumb to the disease. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired and potentially life-threatening thrombophilia in which patients develop pathogenic autoantibodies (aPL) targeting phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins. Case series have recently detected aPL in patients with COVID-19. Here, we measured eight types of aPL [anticardiolipin IgG/IgM/IgA, anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I IgG/IgM/IgA, and anti- phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) IgG/IgM] in the sera of 172 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We detected aPS/PT IgG in 24%, anticardiolipin IgM in 23%, and aPS/PT IgM in 18%. Any aPL was present in 52% of patients using the manufacturer's threshold and in 30% using a more stringent cutoff (≥40 units). Higher levels of aPL were associated with neutrophil hyperactivity (including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps/NETs), higher platelet count, more severe respiratory disease, and lower glomerular filtration rate. Similar to patients with longstanding APS, IgG fractions isolated from patients with COVID-19 promoted NET release from control neutrophils. Furthermore, injection of these COVID-19 IgG fractions into mice accelerated venous thrombosis. Taken together, these studies suggest that a significant percentage of patients with COVID-19 become at least transiently positive for aPL and that these aPL are potentially pathogenic.