gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testisin, a Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol–Linked Serine Protease, Promotes Malignant Transformation <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2005)

Human testisin, a serine protease, is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and premeiotic spermatocytes with relatively little expression in other normal tissues. We first showed that testisin was localized on the surface of cultured tumor cells as a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked protein. We next explored the biological function of testisin in malignant transformation through manipulation of testisin expression in cell culture model systems. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous testisin mRNA and protein expression in tumor cell lines led to increased apoptosis and diminished growth in soft agar. Conversely, overexpression of testisin in an epithelial cell line induced colony formation in soft agar as well as s.c. tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice. A catalytic domain mutant was unable to induce soft-agar growth indicating that testisin protease activity is required for transformation. Ectopic expression of testisin in a human ovarian cancer cell line without endogenous testisin expression, led to the formation of larger tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Data presented here provide the first demonstration that testisin can promote cellular processes that drive malignant transformation. Our functional data coupled with the restricted normal tissue distribution of testisin and its overexpression in a majority of ovarian cancers validates this cell surface protein as a target for therapeutic intervention.
<i>ATF3</i>, an adaptive-response gene, enhances TGFβ signaling and cancer-initiating cell features in breast cancer cells (2010)

The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) gene is induced by a variety of signals, including many of those encountered by cancer cells. We present evidence that ATF3 is induced by TGFβ in the MCF10CA1a breast cancer cells and plays an integral role for TGFβ to upregulate its target genes snail, slug and twist, and to enhance cell motility. Furthermore, ATF3 upregulates the expression of the TGFb gene itself, forming a positive-feedback loop for TGFβ signaling. Functionally, ectopic expression of ATF3 leads to morphological changes and alterations of markers consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It also leads to features associated with breast-cancer-initiating cells: increased CD24(low)-CD44(high) population of cells, mammosphere formation and tumorigenesis. Conversely, knockdown of ATF3 reduces EMT, CD24(low)-CD44(high) cells and mammosphere formation. Importantly, knocking down twist, a downstream target, reduces the ability of ATF3 to enhance mammosphere formation, indicating the functional significance of twist in ATF3 action. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the ability of ATF3 to enhance breast cancer-initiating cell features and to feedback on TGFβ. Because ATF3 is an adaptive-response gene and is induced by various stromal signals, these findings have significant implications for how the tumor microenvironment might affect cancer development.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-trichodermol (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-trichodermolW. Clark Still and Mei-Yuan TsaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 10, 3654–3655Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00530a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00530a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1526Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition by product in the liquid-phase hydration of isobutene to tert-butyl alcohol: kinetics and equilibrium studies (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition by product in the liquid-phase hydration of isobutene to tert-butyl alcohol: kinetics and equilibrium studiesEnric Velo, Luis Puigjaner, and Francesc RecasensCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 12, 2224–2231Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00084a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00084a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views681Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Insulin and glucagon secretion by renal adenocarcinoma (1981)

A patient with histologically verified renal adenocarcinoma had dramatic increases in glucagon and insulin levels in plasma and in tumor tissue.
Multiple sequence elements of a single functional class are required for cyclic AMP responsiveness of the mouse c-fos promoter. (1989)

Agents that elevate the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP) rapidly and transiently induce expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene in BALB/c 3T3 cells. We show that the mouse c-fos promoter-enhancer region contains multiple elements that contribute to cAMP responsiveness of the promoter in transient expression assays. The most potent element was found to correspond to a previously mapped basal promoter element and protein-binding site located 65 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. This element and two less potent sites contained a match to the cAMP response element (CRE) core sequence defined in several mammalian genes. The relative potencies of these elements corresponded with their relative affinities for cellular factors that bound to the CRE in vitro. Mutation of all three elements failed to abolish completely cAMP responsiveness of the c-fos promoter in the transient expression assay. However, we present evidence that this residual responsiveness may have been due to sequences present in vector DNA. Finally, we show, by using a new microinjection competition assay, that a double-stranded oligonucleotide carrying the major c-fos CRE is sufficient to block induction of the endogenous c-fos gene by cAMP. Therefore, induction of the endogenous gene requires positively acting cellular factors that interact with a single functional class of regulatory sites in the c-fos gene. Unrelated regulatory elements, such as the serum response element and putative AP-2 sites, are not by themselves sufficient to mediate the cAMP response.
Citizen Sensors for SHM: Towards a Crowdsourcing Platform (2015)

This paper presents an innovative structural health monitoring (SHM) platform in terms of how it integrates smartphone sensors, the web, and crowdsourcing. The ubiquity of smartphones has provided an opportunity to create low-cost sensor networks for SHM. Crowdsourcing has given rise to citizen initiatives becoming a vast source of inexpensive, valuable but heterogeneous data. Previously, the authors have investigated the reliability of smartphone accelerometers for vibration-based SHM. This paper takes a step further to integrate mobile sensing and web-based computing for a prospective crowdsourcing-based SHM platform. An iOS application was developed to enable citizens to measure structural vibration and upload the data to a server with smartphones. A web-based platform was developed to collect and process the data automatically and store the processed data, such as modal properties of the structure, for long-term SHM purposes. Finally, the integrated mobile and web-based platforms were tested to collect the low-amplitude ambient vibration data of a bridge structure. Possible sources of uncertainties related to citizens were investigated, including the phone location, coupling conditions, and sampling duration. The field test results showed that the vibration data acquired by smartphones operated by citizens without expertise are useful for identifying structural modal properties with high accuracy. This platform can be further developed into an automated, smart, sustainable, cost-free system for long-term monitoring of structural integrity of spatially distributed urban infrastructure. Citizen Sensors for SHM will be a novel participatory sensing platform in the way that it offers hybrid solutions to transitional crowdsourcing parameters.
RDR6 Has a Broad-Spectrum but Temperature-Dependent Antiviral Defense Role in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> (2005)

SDE1/SGS2/RDR6, a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) from Arabidopsis thaliana, has previously been found to be indispensable for maintaining the posttranscriptional silencing of transgenes, but it is seemingly redundant for antiviral defense. To elucidate the antiviral role of this RdRP in a different host plant and to evaluate whether plant growth conditions affect its role, we down-regulated expression of the Nicotiana benthamiana homolog, NbRDR6, and examined the plants for altered susceptibility to various viruses at different growth temperatures. The results we describe here clearly show that plants with reduced expression of NbRDR6 were more susceptible to all viruses tested and that this effect was more pronounced at higher growth temperatures. Diminished expression of NbRDR6 also permitted efficient multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus in the shoot apices, leading to serious disruption with microRNA-mediated developmental regulation. Based on these results, we propose that NbRDR6 participates in the antiviral RNA silencing pathway that is stimulated by rising temperatures but suppressed by virus-encoded silencing suppressors. The relative strengths of these two factors, along with other plant defense components, critically influence the outcome of virus infections.
Basics of floating-gate low-dropout voltage regulators (2002)

This paper presents an overview of series voltage regulators, beginning with single-transistor designs and exploring the various design issues and concepts. The regulating characteristics of nFET and pFET single-transistor regulators are compared analytically and experimentally to determine an optimal starting topology. The design of these simple regulators is taken a step further by applying floating-gate techniques to improve the flexibility of the existing design and the ability to customize the regulator bias points.
High-Yield Synthesis of NiO Nanoplatelets and Their Excellent Electrochemical Performance (2006)

We demonstrate a new approach to successfully synthesize on a large scale single-crystalline nickel oxide nanoplatelets with an interesting porous structure. The as-obtained oxide nanoplatelets were characterized by a variety of techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, BET surface area measurement, and electrochemical test. The electrochemical result exhibits that the electrochemical performance of the obtained nickel oxide nanoplatelets with the novel morphology has been further improved in contrast to that of the ultrafine oxide nanoparticles with average particle size of 9 nm. It suggests that the unique platelet-like nanostructure is helpful in improving the electrochemical performance of the oxide.
Label-Free Imaging of Thick Specimens Using Gradient Light Interference Microscopy (GLIM) (2018)

Light scattering limits the quality of optical imaging of unlabeled specimens: too little scattering and the sample is transparent, exhibiting low contrast and too much scattering washes the structure information altogether. As a result, current instruments, target specifically either the thin (low-scattering) specimens or the optically thick (multiply scattering) samples. We developed gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM) to extract 3D information from both thin and thick unlabeled specimens. GLIM exploits the principle of low-coherence interferometry to extract phase information, which in turn yields strong, intrinsic contrast of transparent samples, such as single cells. Because it combines multiple intensity images that correspond to controlled phase shifts between two interfering waves, GLIM is capable of suppressing the incoherent background due to multiple scattering. Due to the specific, common path interferometric geometry used, the two interfering fields are affected identically by multiple scattering and remain comparable in power even in deep tissue, thus, allowing them to interfere with great contrast. Thus, GLIM yields real-time tomography of optically thick samples via full field imaging. These results indicate that GLIM can become a valuable label-free analysis tool for in-vitro fertilization, where contrast agents and fluorophores may impact the viability of the embryo. We demonstrate the use of GLIM to image various samples, including standard micron size beads, single cells, cell populations, and thick bovine embryos. GLIM operates as an add-on to a conventional microscope and overlays seamlessly with the existing channels (e.g., epi-fluorescence).
Cracks in Magnetic Nanocrystal Films: Do Directional and Isotropic Crack Patterns Follow the Same Scaling Law? (2008)

In this letter, we show that the use of nanocrystals enables new insights into the scaling law of crack patterns. Directional and isotropic crack patterns made of gamma-Fe2O3 nanocrystals follow the same scaling law, with the film height varying by 3 orders of magnitude. A simple two-dimensional computer model for elastic fracture also leads to the same scaling behavior for directional and isotropic cracks, in good agreement with the experiments.
Reversible Photochemically Gated Transformation of a Hemicarcerand to a Carcerand (2012)

Guests in a gated community: introduction of two anthracene groups into a linker in a hemicarcerand creates a new type of photochemically controlled gated hemicarcerand. The reversible opening and closing of the "gate" of the host is controlled photochemically. The encapsulation and release of the guest molecules such as 1,4-dimethoxybenzene is controlled by irradiation with light of different wavelengths.
Ubiquitination of MHC Class I Heavy Chains Is Essential for Dislocation by Human Cytomegalovirus-encoded US2 but Not US11 (2006)

The human cytomegalovirus-encoded glycoproteins US2 and US11 target newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains for degradation by mediating their dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum back into the cytosol, where they are degraded by proteasomes. A functional ubiquitin system is required for US2- and US11-dependent dislocation of the class I heavy chains. It has been assumed that the class I heavy chain itself is ubiquitinated during the dislocation reaction. To test this hypothesis, all lysines within the class I heavy chain were substituted. The lysine-less class I molecules could no longer be dislocated by US2 despite the fact that the interaction between the two proteins was maintained. Interestingly, US11 was still capable of dislocating the lysine-less heavy chains into the cytosol. Ubiquitination does not necessarily require lysine residues but can also occur at the N terminus of a protein. To investigate the potential role of N-terminal ubiquitination in heavy chain dislocation, a lysine-less ubiquitin moiety was fused to the N terminus of the class I molecule. This lysine-less fusion protein was still dislocated in the presence of US11. Ubiquitination could not be detected in vitro, either for the lysine-less heavy chains or for the lysine-less ubiquitin-heavy chain fusion protein. Our data show that although dislocation of the lysineless class I heavy chains requires a functional ubiquitin system, the heavy chain itself does not serve as the ubiquitin acceptor. This finding sheds new light on the role of the ubiquitin system in the dislocation process.
Acoustic formulation of elastic guided wave propagation and scattering in curved tubular structures (2014)

Recently, the use of guided wave technology in conjunction with tomographic techniques has provided the possibility of obtaining point-by-point maps of corrosion or erosion depth over the entire volume of a pipeline section between two ring arrays of ultrasonic transducers. However, current research has focused on straight pipes and little work has been done on pipe bends and other curved tubular structures which are also the most susceptible to developing damage. Tomography of curved tubes is challenging because of the complexity and computational cost of the 3-D elastic model required to accurately describe guided wave propagation. Based on the definition of travel-time-preserving orthogonal parametric representations of curved tubes, this paper demonstrates that guided wave propagation and scattering can be approximated by an equivalent 2-D acoustic model which is inhomogeneous and elliptically anisotropic. Numerical methods to solve the full wave equation and predict ray paths and travel times are introduced and applied to the case of a bend. Particular emphasis is given to the shortest-path ray tracing method, which is applied to the 2-D model to compute ray paths and predict travel times of the fundamental flexural mode, A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , propagating across a curved pipe. Good agreement is found between predictions and experiments performed on a 220-mmdiameter (8-in-diameter) (D) pipe with 1.5D bend radius. The 2-D model also reveals the existence of an acoustic lensing effect which leads to a focusing phenomenon also confirmed by the experiments. The computational efficiency of the 2-D model makes it ideally suited for tomographic algorithms.
Polarization Micro-Metrology (1990)

The precise measurement of micro-images in the fields of surface topography, integrated circuit inspection and microscopy, requires optical sensors and attenuators with wide dynamic range. Polarization techniques with these qualities have long been used in the fields of ellipsometry and polarimetry. This paper describes the use of polarization in a two-channel null microphotometer to quantify various aspects of surface texture such as flaws, waviness and roughness. Recently obtained resultS on the measurement of micro-height variations, texture, line widths and edge location will be presented to illustrate the wide range of metrology possible with this technique.
Fluorescent Organometallic Sensors for the Detection of Chemical‐Warfare‐Agent Mimics (2006)

Mixing and matching: The highly selective detection of chemical-warfare-agent mimics can be achieved by judicious combination of carefully designed fluorescent ligands and metal ions. Designed sensor arrays of these multimetal/multiligand systems represent a modular and versatile approach for the detection of organophosphates and other analytes.
Skin Reactions. IX. The Electrophoretic Demonstration of the Patent Pores of the Living Human Skin; its Relation to the Charge of the Skin. (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSkin Reactions. IX. The Electrophoretic Demonstration of the Patent Pores of the Living Human Skin; its Relation to the Charge of the Skin.Harold A. Abramson and Manuel H. GorinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1940, 44, 9, 1094–1102Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/j150405a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (524 KB) Get e-Alerts
Substitution of Five-Membered Heteroarenes and Uracils with Trifluoroacetaldehyde Ethyl Hemiacetal (2000)

Abstract A number of α-(trifluoromethyl)heteroarylmethanols 2a—c are conveniently obtained in good yields by substitution of pyrole, furan, and thiophene with trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal (TFAE); 2b and 2c are formed only in the presence of a catalyst such as ZnCl2. Analogous methanols 8a and 8b are also prepared by catalytic substitution of uracils with TFAE in moderate yields.
[Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--a novel tool for the molecular diagnosis of neoplasms]. (1990)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a novel tool for the in vitro amplification of DNA segments up to several kb. Repeated cycles of DNA synthesis by heat-stable Taq DNA polymerase enables to obtain more than 10(5) copies of the target sequence. Recently its enormous attitude of amplification has been applied for the detection of tumor-specific gene alterations. Examples include the detection of point mutation of RAS oncogenes at codons 12, 13, and 61 and the detection of minimal residual neoplastic cells in patients in complete clinical remission. Among many kinds of tumor specific gene translocations, BCR-ABL gene in t(9;22)(q34;q11) and BCL-2-IgH gene in t(14:18)(q32;q21) have been successfully PCR-amplified around their fused regions. In lymphoid malignancies gene rearrangements of T cell receptor chain or immunoglobulin heavy chain can be used as clonal markers for leukemic cells. PCR technique permits the detection of leukemia DNA at dilution of 10(-4) to 10(-6). Although further investigation of patients' follow-up in large scale is needed, this technique seems to hold promise for the monitoring of residual neoplastic cells.