gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of next-generation photolabile copper cages with improved copper binding properties (2010)

Seven new nitrogen-donor ligands that contain a photoactive nitrophenyl group within the ligand backbone have been prepared and evaluated for their binding affinity for copper(ii) and zinc(ii). Among this series, the ligand 3Gcage (pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {1-(2-nitro-phenyl)-3-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-propyl}-amide) has the best affinity for copper(ii), with an apparent dissociation constant at pH 7.4 of 0.18 fM. Exposure of buffered aqueous solutions of 3Gcage or Cu(ii)-bound 3Gcage to UV light induces bond cleavage in the ligand backbone, which reduces the denticity of the ligands. The quantum yields of photolysis for 3Gcage in the absence and presence of Cu(ii) are 0.66 and 0.43, respectively. Prior to photolysis, the 3Gcage ligand inhibits copper from generating hydroxyl radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid; however, hydroxyl radical formation increases by more than 300% following light activation, showing that the reactivity of the copper center can be triggered by light.
Multiresolution image acquisition and surface reconstruction (2002)

Consideration is given to the problem of surface reconstruction from stereo images for large scenes having large depth ranges where it is necessary to aim cameras in different directions and to fixate at different objects. The authors concentrate on the selection of new fixation points from among the nonfixated, low resolution scene parts, and subsequent processing for surface reconstruction. The coarse stereo estimates in the vicinity of the new fixation point are refined as the images of the new fixation point gradually deblur during the process of refixation and are subsequently used to analyze the fixated parts of the scene.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation, a method for analyzing co-occupancy of proteins at genomic regions in vivo (2004)

Sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation (SeqChIP) is a procedure in which formaldehyde-crosslinked, protein-DNA complexes from living cells are subjected to two sequential immunoprecipitations with antibodies of different specificity. SeqChIP has been used to address, in a qualitative manner, whether two proteins can simultaneously co-occupy a stretch of DNA in vivo. Here, we expand on our earlier work and describe theoretical and practical considerations for performing and interpreting SeqChIP experiments in a quantitative manner. We provide a detailed experimental procedure for designing and performing SeqChIP experiments as well as experimental examples of the three possible outcomes: full co-occupancy, no co-occupancy and partial co-occupancy. In some cases of partial co-occupancy, the order of immunoprecipitations in SeqChIP can strongly influence the outcome. We experimentally confirm a quantitative parameter that provides a measure of co-occupancy of two proteins on a given region of DNA and provide information on how to interpret the results of SeqChIP experiments. Our quantitative treatment of SeqChIP data substantially expands the usefulness of the technique for elucidating molecular mechanisms in vivo.
Filtering Characteristics of Highly-Spectrum Efficient Spectrum-Sliced Elastic Optical Path (SLICE) Network (2009)

We investigate the performance of OFDM-modulated signals in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path network. We analyze the filtering characteristics and the guard band for multi-node transmission. The architecture increases spectral efficiency over the current WDM systems.
Methane oxidation as a method to evaluate the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactic acid (2,4-D) from soil by plasmid-mediated bioaugmentation (1999)

The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is known to inhibit methanotrophic bacteria. Methane oxidation was therefore used as a parameter to evaluate the residual 2,4-D after bioaugmentation of an agricultural soil. Several strains harbouring catabolic plasmids which code for the degradation of this pesticide, were compared for their potential to alleviate the negative impact of 2,4-D on methane oxidation by soil microorganisms. Three indigenous soil bacteria which contain the 2,4-D degradative plasmid pEMT1k, obtained from a donor by in situ plasmid transfer in previous experiments, were compared with Ralstonia eutropha JMP134, which harbours the well studied 2,4-D degradative plasmid pJP4. In addition a Pseudomonas putida UWC3(pEMT1k), which does not degrade 2,4-D, was used as donor to investigate the potential bioaugmentation through in situ transfer of the catabolic genes towards the indigenous soil bacteria. Both the strains that can degrade 2,4-D as well as the P. putida donor strain could enhance the recovery of methane oxidation by increasing the rate of degradation of 2,4-D and thus removing its toxic effect on the methane oxidising microbial populations. In all cases the time needed to oxidise methane was consistently shorter (4–10 days) in a 2,4-D treated soil inoculated with the strains, than in the non-inoculated 2,4-D treated soil, but still longer (5–10 days) than in the soil without 2,4-D. These data indicate that pesticide residues as well as their toxic effect on important soil microbial processes could be successfully removed from the soil by addition of well adapted specialised strains with the genetic information required to degrade the applied pesticides.
Multichannel retail environment: opportunities and challenges (2019)

A seamless customer shopping experience has been provided in a multichannel environment. Currently, firms are using various shopping channels to enhance the customer satisfaction. Customers can use various channels like traditional physical stores, internet-based stores and social media as well to complete their shopping tasks. A large number of people embracing the innovative multichannel environment for information sharing in different online and offline channels. Now a days, these customers require a tailored experience and major portion of these customers demand from the firms to provide a customized solution for their purchasing needs. Consequently, the firms acknowledged the current demands of the customers and opening multiple channels to cater these customers preferences, recording their purchasing history and customer data from multiple channels to provide them an innovative shopping experience. The instant success of these multichannel firms forced the other firms to open multiple channels to boost their image and enjoy higher customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, increasing the number of channels in a firm require a close coordination strategy and synergy among these channels. Channel integration is a possible solution for managing these multiple channels to create a complementary effect.
Ojigi tying spatula: a newly developed movable spatula for laparoscopic ligation. (1993)

We developed a new type of movable tying spatula for ligation of the cystic duct and artery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This spatula can be used to ligate any vascular or ductal structure before laparoscopic resection. This instrument should give strong support to surgeons performing laparoscopic procedures and eventually will replace the expensive clips and Endoloops.
Detecting corners using the 'patchy' Hough transform (1994)

Relative vehicle motion estimation continues to be difficult. Current approaches are generally based on either optical flow or tracking feature points. In heavily carpentered environments such as institutional settings, the feature-point tracking approach requires significantly less computational effort. Algorithms which result in reduced computational effort are very attractive for the autonomous, vision-guided wheelchair project currently underway in our laboratory. We present a new method for detecting corners as feature points using a 'patchy' Hough transform. Corners are detected as intersections of straight lines extracted with the Hough transform. The image is initially segmented into patches, and only the intersections that occur within a patch due to edges also within the patch are deemed to be corners. This helps to avoid the localization problem inherent in the normal Hough transform. The use of patches also reduces the tendency of the Hough transform to ignore short edges because they are 'swamped' by longer ones. Edge pixels are initially enhanced by the Sobel operator, then detected using a histogram-derived threshold. The thresholded images are 'thinned' to produce edges of single-pixel width so as to avoid the line orientation ambiguity that arises with thick edges. The Hough transform is then computed for each patch. Peaks in the Hough accumulator array are generally poorly defined, with many adjacent accumulator 'bins' having similar values. To sharpen peaks, the Hough accumulator array is convolved with an 'annulus' kernel. The peaks are then detected as the local maxima of the convolution result. Finally, the intersections of all possible combinations of lines corresponding to the detected peaks are found. If the points of intersection lay inside the current patch, the lines are deemed to intersect. Algorithm performance is demonstrated with both synthetic and real image data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-Time Digital Signal Processing of Ionization Current for Engine Diagnostic and Control (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Combustion quality diagnostic techniques utilizing flame ionization measurement, with the spark plug as a sensor, have been in production for some time. This acquired “Ionsense” signal represents the changes in the electrical conductivity of the flame during each combustion event. The present analog versions of this sensor are used to detect knock and engine misfire, and can be used for cam phasing. However, current methodology has fallen short of unlocking the wealth of combustion thermodynamics information encrypted in the ion sense signal.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Digital Signal Processing incorporating Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is well suited for handling the statistical fluctuations of combustion. However to obtain acceptable accuracy, traditional ANN implementations can require processing resources beyond the capability of current engine controllers. Using Air/Fuel Ratio and Location of Peak Pressure as examples, this paper explores the practicality of performing real-time digital processing of the Ionsense signal to extract additional combustion information. An assessment of required processor resources is made and alternative pre-processing employing a pattern recognition wavelet filter is proposed. As a result the post-processed signal seems to be immune to some engine combustion fluctuations not included in the ANN training.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The concepts discussed were successfully demonstrated throughout the normal operating range, in real-time, on a 6-cylinder engine. Examples of performance data are included.</div>
Dynamic behaviours for computer animation: the use of Java (2002)

This paper describes research involving the use of Java to implement dynamic behavioural control of animated objects. Java ideal for this application because it is an object-oriented language that allows dynamic extension and reconfiguration. The system uses sets of external classes for each actor (called 'evaluators') that modify arrays of parameters passed to them. This provides a flexible method of controlling objects by specifying object data in terms of arrays of numerical values and then using evaluators to modify these. The implementation allows these external classes to be loaded either from a known repository for evaluator classes (the simplest scheme) or by using a 'ClassLoader' to load classes from locations specified at run-time. A search agent can be used to find the classes that march a specification stored in a pre-defined format, and the use of partial matching can yield interesting side-effects on unspecified parameters. The scheme is therefore dynamically re-configurable with the possibility of actors in an animation finding and changing their behaviour over the lifetime of the animation by locating and retrieving new evaluator classes. A test-bed has been developed for the scheme that uses simple VRML geometries controlled by the behaviours.
Secretory Immunoglobulins (1972)

A Number of reports in the older literature have suggested the existence of the local or regional immunity of a tissue that is not dependent on serum antibody.1 However, the concept of a more or less distinct secretory immune system developed relatively recently,2 primarily as a result of studies in man indicating that the immunoglobulin content of certain nonvascular fluids is quite different from that of serum. Most striking is the observation that immunoglobulin A (IgA), which represents a relatively small fraction (10 to 15 per cent) of the serum immunoglobulins, is the predominant species in most external secretions — . . .
An Organic Molecule with a Rigid Cavity of Nanosize Dimensions (1994)

An internal volume of approximately 1000 Å3 is available in the permanent cavity of a new rigid host molecule (shown on the right). The holand was assembled in six reaction steps by the fusion of four cavities of two calix[4]arene and two resorcin[4]arene building blocks, which are connected by amide spacers. This host is expected to show novel complexation properties.
First-Order Logic (1968)

I. Propositional Logic from the Viewpoint of Analytic Tableaux.- I. Preliminaries.- 0. Foreword on Trees.- 1. Formulas of Propositional Logic.- 2. Boolean Valuations and Truth Sets.- II. Analytic Tableaux.- 1. The Method of Tableaux.- 2. Consistency and Completeness of the System.- III. Compactness.- 1. Analytic Proofs of the Compactness Theorem.- 2. Maximal Consistency: Lindenbaum's Construction.- 3. An Analytic Modification of Lindenbaum's Proof.- 4. The Compactness Theorem for Deducibility.- II. First-Order Logic.- IV. First-Order Logic. Preliminaries.- 1. Formulas of Quantification Theory.- 2. First-Order Valuations and Models.- 3. Boolean Valuations vs. First-Order Valuations.- V. First-Order Analytic Tableaux.- 1. Extension of Our Unified Notation.- 2. Analytic Tableaux for Quantification Theory.- 3. The Completeness Theorem.- 4. The Skolem-Lowenheim and Compactness Theorems for First-Order Logic.- VI. A Unifying Principle.- 1. Analytic Consistency.- 2. Further Discussion of Analytic Consistency.- 3. Analytic Consistency Properties for Finite Sets.- VII. The Fundamental Theorem of Quantification Theory.- 1. Regular Sets.- 2. The Fundamental Theorem.- 3. Analytic Tableaux and Regular Sets.- 4. The Liberalized Rule D.- VIII. Axiom Systems for Quantification Theory.- 0. Foreward on Axiom Systems.- 1. The System Q1.- 2. The Systems Q2, Q*2.- IX. Magic Sets.- 1. Magic Sets.- 2. Applications of Magic Sets.- X. Analytic versus Synthetic Consistency Properties.- 1. Synthetic Consistency Properties.- 2. A More Direct Construction.- III. Further Topics in First-Order Logic.- XI. Gentzen Systems.- 1. Gentzen Systems for Propositional Logic.- 2. Block Tableaux and Gentzen Systems for First-Order Logic.- XII. Elimination Theorems.- 1. Gentzen's Hauptsatz.- 2. An Abstract Form of the Hauptsatz Ill.- 3. Some Applications of the Hauptsatz.- XIII. Prenex Tableaux.- 1. Prenex Formulas.- 2. Prenex Tableaux.- XIV. More on Gentzen Systems.- 1. Gentzen's Extended Hauptsatz.- 2. A New Form of the Extended Hauptsatz.- 3. Symmetric Gentzen Systems.- XV. Craig's Interpolation Lemma and Beth's Definability Theorem.- 1. Craig's Interpolation Lemma.- 2. Beth's Definability Theorem.- XVI. Symmetric Completeness Theorems.- 1. Clashing Tableaux.- 2. Clashing Prenex Tableaux.- 3. A Symmetric Form of the Fundamental Theorem.- XVII. Systems of Linear Reasoning.- 1. Configurations.- 2. Linear Reasoning.- 3. Linear Reasoning for Prenex Formulas.- 4. A System Based on the Strong Symmetrie Form of the Fundamental Theorem.- References.
Rotordynamic Performance of Flexure Pivot Hydrostatic Gas Bearings for Oil-Free Turbomachinery (2007)

Micro-turbomachinery demands gas bearings to ensure compactness, light weight, and extreme temperature operation. Gas bearings with large stiffness and damping, and preferably of low cost, will enable successful commercial applications. Presently, tests conducted on a small rotor supported on flexure pivot hydrostatic pad gas bearings (FPTPBs) demonstrate stable rotordynamic responses up to 100,000rpm (limit of the drive motor). Test rotor responses show the feed pressure raises the system critical speed (increase in bearing direct stiffness) while the viscous damping ratio decreases. Predictions correlate favorably with experimentally identified (synchronous) direct stiffness bearing force coefficients. Identified experimental gas bearing synchronous damping coefficients are 50% or less of the predicted magnitudes, though remaining relatively constant as the rotor speed increases. Tests without feed pressure show the rotor becomes unstable at ∼81krpm with a whirl frequency ratio of 20%. FPTPBs are mechanically complex and more expensive than cylindrical plain bearings. However, their enhanced stability characteristics and predictable rotordynamic performance makes them desirable for the envisioned oil-free applications in high speed micro-turbomachinery.
N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels for Dynamic Risk Stratification of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (2004)

Neurohumoral activation as evidenced by NT-proBNP appears as a unifying feature that is independent of other biochemical markers (myocardial necrosis, inflammation) and is a powerful and independent determinant of the short-term cardiac risk in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Whether serial measurements of NT-proBNP in patients with ACS may be used to more rapidly identify patients suitable for early discharge or more intensive therapy deserves future prospective studies.
Transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase catalyzed deacylation of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid in the absence of adenosine monophosphate and pyrophosphate (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransfer ribonucleic acid synthetase catalyzed deacylation of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid in the absence of adenosine monophosphate and pyrophosphateAlan A. Schreier and Paul R. SchimmelCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 9, 1582–1589Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00759a006https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00759a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proposed Boron Nanotubes (1998)

In the search for boron nanotubes, the geometrical duals of carbon nanotubes, we employ the Euler−Poincare formula for a cylinder, P − C + F = 0. As may be seen in the attached figure, boron nanotubes may be imagined as arising from a correspondence between a boron atom and the center of each of the faces in a carbon nanotube.
Efficient label encoding in segment-routing enabled optical networks (2015)

The currently standardized GMPLS protocol suite for packet over optical networks relies on hierarchical instances of signaling sessions. Such sessions have to be established and maintained also in transit nodes, leading to complex and weighty control plane implementations. A novel technology called Segment Routing (SR) has been recently proposed to address these issues. SR relies on the source routing paradigm to provide traffic engineering solutions. In particular, the computed route for a given request is expressed as a segment list applied as an header to data packets at the ingress node. Specific algorithms are then required to perform the path computation and express the computed path through an effective segment list encoding (i.e., label stack), minimizing the segment list depth (SLD) (i.e., the number of labels included in the segment list). So far, no algorithms have been proposed to jointly provide path and segment list computation in SR-based networks. In this study, an efficient segment list encoding algorithm is proposed, guaranteeing optimal path computation and limited SLD in SR-based networks. The algorithm also accounts for equal-cost multiple paths and multiple constraints. The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to different network scenarios, demonstrating its flexibility in several use cases and showing effective performance in terms of segment list depth and introduced packet overhead.
Equalizing and coherence measure correlators (1978)

A correlator is described that combines optical and electronic processing. The optical section is the first Fourier transform taking stage of a joint transform correlator; its output is electronically processed by a modified spectrum analyzer. Increased flexibility and various processing operations beyond those normally possible in an optical system result.
Optical Properties of Small Silver Particles (1965)

The optical absorption of very small silver particles in glass was measured as a function of particle size and temperature. The shape of the measured absorption band was Lorentzian, as required by the simple free-electron theory, and the position of the band was close to that calculated from the optical properties of bulk silver. The width of the absorption band was inversely proportional to the particle radius, showing that the mean free path of the electrons was determined by the particle size. The absorption band for particles much smaller than the mean free path of the electrons was little changed from room temperature to 500°C; however, for larger particles the band broadened somewhat with increasing temperature.
Conception to ongoing pregnancy: the 'black box' of early pregnancy loss (2002)

Even when conditions are optimal, the maximum chance of a clinically recognized pregnancy occurring in a given menstrual cycle is 30-40%. Increasing evidence points to preclinical pregnancy loss rather than failure of conception as the principal cause for the relatively low fecundity observed in humans. While sensitive assays for hCG have provided a glimpse of the events occurring between implantation and the missed menstrual period, new cytogenetic techniques have further opened this 'black box', providing novel insights into the causes of early pregnancy wastage. In this article, the evidence and causes of preclinical or 'occult' pregnancy are reviewed, and the implications for the infertile patient are addressed.