gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane-Destabilizing Properties of C<sub>2</sub>-Ceramide May Be Responsible for Its Ability To Inhibit Platelet Aggregation (1998)

We have studied the effects of short-chain ceramides on platelet structure and function. N-Acetylsphingosine (C2-ceramide), a cell-permeable short-chain analogue, and N-acetyldihydrosphingosine (C2-dihydroceramide), which lacks the 4-5 double bond, have been investigated. C2-Ceramide (15 microM) inhibited ADP-induced aggregation by 50% at a platelet concentration of 1.25 x 10(8)/mL, while it took twice that concentration to inhibit aggregation by 50% when the platelet concentration was doubled. This indicates that the effect of C2-ceramide on ADP-induced platelet aggregation depends on the ratio of ceramide to total platelet lipid, with a ratio of 0.2 giving significant inhibition. C2-Ceramide at a ceramide: lipid ratio of 0.2 caused platelets to form fenestrations and pseudopodia which were longer and thinner than those caused by agonists such as ADP or thrombin. C2-Dihydroceramide had no effect on ADP-induced aggregation or platelet morphology at any ceramide:lipid ratio. Platelet lysis was induced by C2-ceramide at higher ceramide:lipid ratios (0.5), whereas C2-dihydroceramide did not induce lysis, suggesting that C2-ceramide is able to destabilize membranes. This was tested directly by assessing whether the ceramides induced leakage of 6-carboxyfluorescein from lipid vesicles. C2-Ceramide caused nearly total leakage of dye from the vesicles at a ceramide:lipid ratio of 10. The leakage caused by C2-dihydroceramide at a ceramide:lipid ratio of 10 was equal to that induced by C2-ceramide at a ratio of 0.2 (approximately 3%). The ability of the ceramides to destabilize membranes was also examined by measuring changes in fluorescence anisotropy of the fluorescent dye 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) incorporated into lipid vesicles. C2-Ceramide induced a larger decrease in anisotropy than a detergent (Triton X-100) which is known to lyse membranes. C2-Dihydroceramide did not alter membrane fluidity. The ability of C2-ceramide to cause platelet fenestrations, formation of irregular platelet pseudopodia, platelet lysis, lipid vesicle leakage, and increases in the fluidity of lipid vesicles all suggest that C2-ceramide inhibits platelet aggregation because it destabilizes the platelet membrane. C2-Dihydroceramide did not inhibit platelet aggregation and lacked the nonspecific effects on membranes that C2-ceramide possessed, suggesting that C2-dihydroceramide is not an appropriate control for the nonspecific effects of C2-ceramide.
Using grey-level models to improve active shape model search (2002)

We describe methods for using flexible models to locate structures in images. We have previously described statistical models of shape and shape variability which can be used for this purpose (active shape models). In this paper we show how statistical models of grey-level appearance can be incorporated, leading to improved reliability and accuracy. We describe experiments designed to: 1) test how well an active shape model can locate an object in a new image; 2) to assess the effects on performance of varying the model parameters; and 3) to compare the results using grey-level models with those using a search for strongest edges. The results demonstrate that the addition of grey-level models leads to considerable improvement over earlier schemes.
Manipulation of Laser Ablation Plume by Magnetic Field Application (1999)

Time- and wavelength-resolved observation of a laser ablation plume from a strontium titanate target was performed under a dipole magnetic field applied from the substrate side. In contrast to the conventional method, the present method gave rise to increasing ionization of the growth species in the plume in the vicinity of the substrate. Using this method, NiO films could be epitaxially grown on (100)MgO substrates even at room temperature. When we placed a shadow mask between the target and the substrate (eclipse method), the deposition rate was increased to by 2.6-fold that under zero magnetic field.
Forage Nutritional Characteristics of Orchardgrass and Perennial Ryegrass at Five Irrigation Levels (2003)

As water resources become limiting, the need to produce stable amounts of highly nutritional forage increases. An understanding of how levels of irrigation affect crude protein (CP), digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is critical in pasture forage management. Cultivars of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were established under a line-source irrigation system to evaluate the effect of five water levels (WLs) and three harvest dates on concentrations of CP, dNDF, IVTD, and NDF. Perennial ryegrass forage had higher CP, dNDF, and IVTD and lower NDF concentrations than orchardgrass at all harvest dates and within WLs. The most notable trend in nutritional value across WLs was the near linear increase in CP ranging from 175 g kg−1 at the wettest WL to 217 g kg−1 at the driest WL. Digestible NDF ranged from 709 to 757 g kg−1 at corresponding WLs. These trends were particularly evident later in the growing season. Orchardgrass maturity (early vs. late) had little effect on forage nutritional characteristics across WLs. Combined over WLs, tetraploid perennial ryegrass cultivars averaged higher concentrations of CP, IVTD, and dNDF and lower NDF values compared with diploid cultivars. In general, as water stress increased, forage nutritional value (i.e., CP and dNDF) increased.
A Web Browser for Ajax Approach with Asynchronous Communication Model (2006)

We can receive large information from various Web sites using the Internet. The Web sites are important means to collect the required information in researching, learning, and even in commerce activities. Importance of Web browsers grows increasingly as Web sites increase. Web browsers are powerful tools to refer to Web sites. However, due to necessary of synchronous communication with Web servers, operationality of Web pages on Web browser is not better than operationality of desktop applications. Therefore, we propose a new Web browser for Ajax approach with asynchronous communication model. Our Web browser can improve the operationality that is equivalent to the operationality of desktop applications without revising program codes of the Web applications. A feature of the browser is partial updating of a Web page even if the Web application does not adopt Ajax approach. As a result of experiments, we have confirmed improvement of operationality of "Yahoo auction sites" on our Web browser when the load of the Web server increases
Predictive modeling of streaming servers (2005)

In this paper, we describe our approach to deriving saturation models for streaming servers from vector-labeled training data. If a streaming server is driven into saturation by accepting too many clients, the quality of service degrades across the sessions. The actual saturating load on a streaming server depends on the detailed characteristics of the client requests: the content location (local disk or stream relay), the relative popularity, and the bit and packet rates [1]. Previous work in streaming-server models has used carefully selected, low-dimensional measurements, such as client jitter and rebuffering counts [2], or server memory usage [3]. In contrast, we collect 30 distinct low-level measures and 210 nonlinear derivative measures each second. This provides us with robustness against outliers, without reducing sensitivity or responsiveness to changes in load. Since the measurement dimensionality is so high, our approach requires the modeling and learning framework described in this paper.
Role of B7 Costimulatory Molecules in the Adjuvant Activity of the Heat-Labile Enterotoxin of <i>Escherichia</i>  <i>coli</i> (2002)

Much interest has been directed at understanding the adjuvant properties of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT). In this study, we have assessed how LT compared with the nonenzymatic mutant LT (E112K) affect the level of B7-1 and B7-2 expression on APCs, and we determined how these costimulatory molecules influence their adjuvant properties. Analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 expression on B cells revealed that LT enhanced B7-2 but not B7-1, while LT (E112K) had no effect on the expression of either costimulatory molecule. Treatment of macrophage or dendritic cells with LT resulted in a predominant enhancement of B7-2, while LT (E112K) induced mainly B7-1 expression. Analysis of LT- and LT (E112K)-treated B cells, macrophage, and dendritic cells also revealed significant differences in their ability to enhance anti-CD3-stimulated CD4(+) T cell proliferative responses via B7-1 and B7-2. Furthermore, the ability of LT to enhance both Ab and CD4(+) T cell responses to a coadministered Ag was severely abrogated in B7-2- but not B7-1-deficient mice. In contrast, the in vivo adjuvant properties of LT (E112K) appeared to be mediated by both B7-1 and B7-2 for optimal CD4(+) T cell responses, while B7-1 appeared to be the predominant B7 molecule involved in the ability of LT (E112K) to augment Ab responses to a coadministered Ag. These findings demonstrate distinct differences in the ability of LT and LT (E112K) to enhance B7-1 and B7-2 on APC, as well as a dependence upon these costimulatory molecules for their adjuvant properties.
Data structures for dynamic queries (1994)

Dynamic Queries is a querying technique for doing range search on multi-key data sets. It is a direct manipulation mechanism where the query is formulated using graphical widgets and the results are displayed graphically preferably within 100 milliseconds.
Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions:<i>Cytologic and Histologic Findings</i> (1994)

Between 1989 and 1992, 651 nonpalpable breast lesions in 586 patients were aspirated using the ultrasound-guided technique at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Cytologic diagnoses were as follows: malignant, 167; suspicious, 30; benign, 211; cysts, 168; atypical ductal hyperplasia, 4; and insufficient for diagnosis, 71. In all cystic and most benign lesions, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) confirmed the benign clinical findings, and surgery was not performed. Of the 483 solid lesions, 254 were subsequently treated surgically, either because of suspicious mammographic or sonographic findings or because of positive or suspicious cytologic findings. The cytologic diagnoses in these cases were as follows: 132 (52%) malignant, 65 (25%) benign, 26 (10%) suspicious, 4 (2%) atypical, and 27 (11%) insufficient for diagnosis. The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided FNA for the diagnosis of malignant lesions was 91%, specificity 77%, and overall accuracy 84%. There were four (2%) false-negative results. Diagnostic failures were attributed to the small size of the lesions, histologic type, and inexperience in localization and cytologic interpretation of tubular carcinoma. One (1%) false-positive diagnosis was made (atypical ductal hyperplasia misdiagnosed as carcinoma). The authors' findings indicate that ultrasound-guided FNA offers a reliable and simple alternative to open biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions. The efficacy of this technique depends primarily on accurate localization of the biopsy needle and on skillful cytologic interpretation of certain breast lesions.
Linking fungal morphogenesis with virulence (2002)

Pathogenic fungi have become an increasingly common cause of systemic disease in healthy people and those with impaired immune systems. Although a vast number of fungal species inhabit our planet, just a small number are pathogens, and one feature that links many of them is the ability to differentiate morphologically from mould to yeast, or yeast to mould. Morphological differentiation between yeast and mould forms has commanded attention for its putative impact on the pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections. This review explores the current body of evidence linking fungal morphogenesis and virulence. The topics addressed cover work on phase-locked fungal cells, expression of phase-specific virulence traits and modulation of host responses by fungal morphotypes. The effect of morphological differentiation on fungal interaction with host cells, immune modulation and the net consequence on pathogenesis of disease in animal model systems are considered. The evidence argues strongly that morphological differentiation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of fungal infection, suggesting that factors associated with this conversion process represent promising therapeutic targets.
High Throughput Parallel Decoder Design for LDPC Convolutional Codes (2008)

LDPC convolutional code (LDPC-CC) decoders are composed of processors, making them parallel in the iteration dimension. However, for time-varying LDPC-CCs, each individual processor is serial in the node dimension, hindering the throughput increase for such decoders. We propose a joint code-decoder design, which generates architecture-aware LDPC- CCs of good performance, as well as an LDPC-CC decoder architecture parallel in the node dimension. Without increase in the memory bits used, the parallel decoder can achieve throughputs at the level of Gb/s with small parallelization factors.
Enhanced Harvesting of Red Photons in Nanowire Solar Cells: Evidence of Resonance Energy Transfer (2009)

Modern excitonic solar cells efficiently harvest photons in the 350-650 nm spectral range; however, device efficiencies are typically limited by poor quantum yields for red and near-infrared photons. Using Forster-type resonance energy transfer from zinc phthalocyanine donor molecules to ruthenium polypyridine complex acceptors, we demonstrate a four-fold increase in quantum yields for red photons in dye-sensitized nanowire array solar cells. The dissolved donor and surface anchored acceptor molecules are not tethered to each other, through either a direct chemical bond or a covalent linker layer. The spatial confinement of the electrolyte imposed by the wire-to-wire spacing of the close-packed nanowire array architecture ensures that the distances between a significant fraction of donors and acceptors are within a Förster radius. The critical distance for energy transfer from an isolated donor chromophore to a self-assembled monolayer of acceptors on a plane follows the inverse fourth power instead of the inverse sixth power relation. Consequently, we observe near quantitative energy transfer efficiencies in our devices. Our results represent a new design paradigm in excitonic solar cells and show it is possible to more closely match the spectral response of the device to the AM 1.5 solar spectrum through use of electronic energy transfer.
Inferring XML schema definitions from XML data (2007)

Although the presence of a schema enables many optimizations for operations on XML documents, recent studies have shown that many XML documents in practice either do not refer to a schema, or refer to a syntactically incorrect one. It is therefore of utmost importance to provide tools and techniques that can automatically generate schemas from sets of sample documents. While previous work in this area has\nmostly focused on the inference of Document Type Definitions (DTDs for short), we will consider the inference of XML Schema Definitions\n(XSDs for short) -- the increasingly popular schema formalism that is turning DTDs obsolete. In contrast to DTDs where the content model of an element depends only on the element's name, the content model in an XSD can also depend on the context in which the element is used. Hence, while the inference of DTDs basically reduces to the inference of regular expressions from sets of sample strings, the inference of XSDs also entails identifying from a corpus of sample documents the contexts in which elements bear different content models. Since a seminal result by Gold implies that no inference algorithm can learn the complete class of XSDs from positive examples only, we focus on a class of XSDs that captures most XSDs occurring in practice. For this class, we provide a theoretically complete algorithm that always infers the correct XSD when a\nsufficiently large corpus of XML documents is available. In addition, we present a variant of this algorithm that works well on real-world (and therefore incomplete) data sets.
INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS: BLADDER TRAINING WITH INTRAVESICAL OXYBUTYNIN (2000)

Bladder training alone produces a satisfactory result by gradually expanding the bladder, and an additional statistically significant improvement is evident with intravesical oxybutynin.
Fluorescence-Based Zinc Ion Sensor for Zinc Ion Release from Pancreatic Cells (2006)

In this paper, we describe the synthesis and characterization of analytical properties of fluorescence-based zinc ion-sensing glass slides and their application in monitoring zinc ion release from beta pancreatic cells in cell cultures. To fabricate the sensors, the zinc ion indicator ZnAF-2 {6-[N-[N',N'-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2-aminoethyl]amino-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one} was modified to include a sufficiently long linking aliphatic chain with a terminal carboxyl functional group. The recently synthesized ZnAF-2 zinc ion indicator provided high zinc ion selectivity in physiological solutions containing millimolar levels of calcium and other possible interfering cations. The carboxyl-modified ZnAF-2 was conjugated to the activated surface of glass slides, which then served as zinc ion sensors. It was possible to grow pancreatic cells directly on the zinc-sensing glass slide or on a membrane placed on these glass slides. The sensors were used to monitor zinc ion release events from glucose-stimulated pancreatic cells. The study showed that the zinc ion sensors responded effectively to the release of zinc ions from pancreatic cells at the nanomolar level with high selectivity and rapid subsecond response time.
Application of image analysis techniques to seismic data (2005)

We show how the techniques of Digital Image Analysis can be efficiently used to help in the interpretation of seismic cross-sections. The problem of automatically finding homogeneous facies is in fact directly tied to Image Processing problems such as edge detection, texture analysis, segmentation and classification. We briefly overview some existing tools, outline some new techniques which had to be invented to cope with the characteristics of seismic signals and demonstrate on many examples the power of our approach.
An AlN MEMS Piezoelectric Microphone for Aeroacoustic Applications (2012)

This paper describes the development of a micromachined microphone for aircraft fuselage arrays that are utilized by aeroacousticians to help identify aircraft noise sources and/or assess the effectiveness of noise-reduction technologies. The developed microphone utilizes piezoelectric transduction via an integrated aluminum nitride layer in a thin-film composite diaphragm. A theoretical lumped element model and an associated noise model of the complete microphone system are developed and utilized in a formal design-optimization process. Optimal designs were fabricated using a variant of the film bulk acoustic resonator process at Avago Technologies. The experimental characterization of one design is presented here, and measured performance was in line with sponsor specifications, including a sensitivity of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-39\ \mu\hbox{V/Pa}$</tex></formula> , a minimum detectable pressure of 40.4 dB, a confirmed bandwidth up to 20 kHz, a 129.5-kHz resonant frequency, and a 3% distortion limit approaching 172 dB. With this performance—in addition to its small size—this microphone is shown to be a viable enabling technology for low-cost, high-resolution fuselage array measurements. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hfill$</tex></formula> [2011-0185]
DNA Content as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia (2001)

The DNA content in cells of oral leukoplakia can be used to predict the risk of oral carcinoma.
Recipient dendritic cells modified by RNA interference targeting CD80 and CD86 elicit T cell hyporesponsiveness via enhanced T cell apoptosis (2013)

Lentiviral vector transfection can effectively and specifically knock down target genes in DCs. The CD80/86 low DCs may show tolerogenic activity via induction of T-cell apoptosis, thereby modulating the activity of recipient-derived DCs. The use of this approach may potentially be clinically applicable.
Conversion of Magnesite to Periclase (1942)

A series of 90 grit samples of magnesite was calcined at temperatures ranging from 900° to 1,650° C. in a small molybdenum‐wound tube furnace (hydrogen atmosphere). The calcination loss was measured for each sample and also the rehydration gain after the sample had been exposed to the atmosphere for about twelve hours. The rehydration gain was found to drop sharply after calcination at 1,200° C. and became practically negligible after 25 minutes calcination at 1,650° C. The petrographic examination indicated qualitatively that the conversion of periclase paralleled the drop in rehydration and was almost complete at 1,300° C.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bimagnetic Bricklike Nanoparticles (2007)

Bimagnetic FePt/CoFe2O4 nanoparticles having a bricklike morphology were synthesized by growing a soft magnetic CoFe2O4 phase on FePt cubic nanoparticle seeds. The size of the soft phase could be controlled by tuning the material ratio of the FePt seeds to the CoFe2O4 component. To obtain magnetic hardening, the as-synthesized bricklike nanoparticles were annealed at elevated temperatures under a reductive atmosphere to convert the disordered face-centered cubic FePt phase into the ordered L10 phase having high magnetic anisotropy. When the particles were annealed, a gradual change was observed in morphology from bricklike particles to spherical polycrystalline nanocomposite particles because of diffusion. Meanwhile, the magnetic energy density was enhanced as a result of the exchange coupling between the hard and soft phases. The enhancement was dependent on the ratio of the volumes of the soft phase and the hard phase.
HTS current lead using a composite heat pipe (1995)

This paper discusses the design and fabrication of HTS current leads being built by Los Alamos to supply power to a demonstration HTS coil which will operate in a vacuum cooled by a cryocooler. Because vapor cooling is not an option for this application the leads must be entirely conductively cooled. In the design of HTS current leads for this type of application, it is desirable to intercept part of the heat load at an intermediate temperature. This thermal intercept or connection must be electrically insulating but thermally conductive, two mutually exclusive properties of most candidate solid materials. To achieve this end we incorporate a composite nitrogen heat pipe, constructed of conducting and nonconducting materials, to provide efficient thermal communication and simultaneously, electrical isolation between the lead and the intermediate temperature heat sink. Another important feature of the current lead design is the use of high Jc thick film superconductors deposited on a nonconducting substrate to reduce the conductive heat leak through the lower portion of the lead. Two flexible electrical conductors are incorporated to accommodate handling, assembly and the dissimilar expansion coefficients of the various materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Herbal medicines for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review (2001)

Some herbal medicines may offer a much-needed alternative for patients with osteoarthritis.