gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The first recombinant human coagulation factor VIII of human origin: human cell line and manufacturing characteristics (2012)

HEK 293 F cells, whose parental cell line HEK 293 has been used by researchers for decades, are a suitable production cell line for rhFVIII and will help avoid immunogenic epitopes. A modern manufacturing process has been developed to ensure the highest level of purity and pathogen safety.
Topical urea in dermatology. (1990)

For years research has been conducted to find a cutaneous moisturizer that is effective, easily available and relatively inexpensive urea, as a atopical agent, is all of this and is also a mild keratolytic. A trial was conducted over 200 patients suffering from a variety of disorders that were selected and using urea topically as urea 10 (10%), urea-20 lotion (20%), Urea-HC (with hydrocartisanl). The agent was applied twice daily for a maximum period of 8 weeks. Results indicate that urea is an effective moisturizer and in promotes the penetration of hydrocelisone into the skin.
EGN model of non-linear fiber propagation (2014)

The GN-model has been proposed as an approximate but sufficiently accurate tool for predicting uncompensated optical coherent transmission system performance, in realistic scenarios. For this specific use, the GN-model has enjoyed substantial validation, both simulative and experimental. Recently, however, it has been pointed out that its predictions, when used to obtain a detailed picture of non-linear interference (NLI) noise accumulation along a link, may be affected by a substantial NLI overestimation error, especially in the first spans of the link. In this paper we analyze in detail the GN-model errors. We discuss recently proposed formulas for correcting such errors and show that they neglect several contributions to NLI, so that they may substantially underestimate NLI in specific situations, especially over low-dispersion fibers. We derive a complete set of formulas accounting for all single, cross, and multi-channel effects, This set constitutes what we have called the enhanced GN-model (EGN-model). We extensively validate the EGN model by comparison with accurate simulations in several different system scenarios. The overall EGN model accuracy is found to be very good when assessing detailed span-by-span NLI accumulation and excellent when estimating realistic system maximum reach. The computational complexity vs. accuracy trade-offs of the various versions of the GN and EGN models are extensively discussed.
Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Diffractive/Refractive Achromat for Use in Optical Data Storage. (1993)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Rochester. College of Engineering and Applied Science. Institute of Optics, 1993.
In vitro evaluation of schedule-dependent interactions between docetaxel and doxorubicin against human breast and ovarian cancer cells. (2000)

Docetaxel, a novel member of the taxoid family, has shown greater potency than paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced breast cancer and certain other solid tumors. The promising clinical activity of docetaxel has also promoted considerable interest in combining this drug with other antitumor agents. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxic interaction between docetaxel and doxorubicin administered at various schedules to human breast and ovarian cancer cells. Through a series of in vitro assays including DNA fragmentation analyses, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, and flow cytometric analyses, we found that the antagonistic interaction occurred when tumor cells were exposed to the two drugs simultaneously or exposed to doxorubicin before docetaxel. However, no antagonism was observed when docetaxel was added before doxorubicin. Further analyses demonstrated that doxorubicin could interfere with the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel on both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. In addition, biochemical examinations revealed that docetaxel could induce phosphorylation of both bcl-2 and c-raf-1, but these changes were inhibited when tumor cells were pretreated or simultaneously treated with doxorubicin. These results indicate that the interaction between docetaxel and doxorubicin is highly schedule dependent. Exposure of tumor cells to doxorubicin before docetaxel could result in pronounced antagonism. The optimal schedule for this combination might be sequential exposure to docetaxel followed by doxorubicin.
A New Multidrug-Resistant Strain of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in Australia (2014)

procedure must be sterile.
Neutron detection with a GEM (2005)

Since the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) was introduced, it has been developed in many application areas. We have developed a cascade GEM for a neutron detector. The neutron efficiency of a converting foil was calculated with Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) and transport of ions in matter (TRIM). The neutron efficiency of multi GEMs was also calculated. The boron compound was coated onto the drift plate, and the neutron was measured with a gas chamber installed with a GEM. The stabilization process of a boron coating onto a GEM foil has been developed at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute.
Shortage of Cellular ATP as a Cause of Diseases and Strategies to Enhance ATP (2019)

Germline mutations in cellular-energy associated genes have been shown to lead to various monogenic disorders. Notably, mitochondrial disorders often impact skeletal muscle, brain, liver, heart, and kidneys, which are the body's top energy-consuming organs. However, energy-related dysfunctions have not been widely seen as causes of common diseases, although evidence points to such a link for certain disorders. During acute energy consumption, like extreme exercise, cells increase the favorability of the adenylate kinase reaction 2-ADP -> ATP+AMP by AMP deaminase degrading AMP to IMP, which further degrades to inosine and then to purines hypoxanthine -> xanthine -> urate. Thus, increased blood urate levels may act as a barometer of extreme energy consumption. AMP deaminase deficient subjects experience some negative effects like decreased muscle power output, but also positive effects such as decreased diabetes and improved prognosis for chronic heart failure patients. That may reflect decreased energy consumption from maintaining the pool of IMP for salvage to AMP and then ATP, since <i>de novo</i> IMP synthesis requires burning seven ATPs. Similarly, beneficial effects have been seen in heart, skeletal muscle, or brain after treatment with allopurinol or febuxostat to inhibit xanthine oxidoreductase, which catalyzes hypoxanthine -> xanthine and xanthine -> urate reactions. Some disorders of those organs may reflect dysfunction in energy-consumption/production, and the observed beneficial effects related to reinforcement of ATP re-synthesis due to increased hypoxanthine levels in the blood and tissues. Recent clinical studies indicated that treatment with xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors plus inosine had the strongest impact for increasing the pool of salvageable purines and leading to increased ATP levels in humans, thereby suggesting that this combination is more beneficial than a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor alone to treat disorders with ATP deficiency.
Trusted computing architectures for a mobile IT infrastructure (2011)

As computing architectures become mobile the physical ownership of data and security guarantees for that data is required to gain trust of the users of the computing architectures. In this paper we highlight security guarantees required to alleviate privacy concerns of the users of a computing service.
Agarose Hydrogel Characterization for Regenerative Medicine Applications: Focus on Engineering Cartilage (2016)

Agarose is thermo reversible and can be modified to melt and gel at a variety of temperatures. This allows the gel to be used in myriad applications across fields as diverse as the food industry, molecular biology, cell biology, and tissue engineering. This chapter provides evidence for the use of agarose in applications ranging from molecular biology and tissue engineering of brain tissue to clinical treatment. Agarose has been most widely utilized as a scaffold in the tissue engineering of articular cartilage, often yielding in vitro cartilaginous tissues with some of the most consistent, mechanically functional properties reported in the literature. Mechanically, agarose has proven to behave comparably to articular cartilage upon static or dynamic loading. Enzymatic digestion has also been investigated for its applicability to engineered cartilage. Before these advanced regenerative medicine techniques, however, agarose was widely used as a bacterial cell culture scaffold.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte heterogeneity in neonates and adults (1986)

We have used a mouse monoclonal antibody (31D8) to determine whether differences in neutrophil (PMN) subpopulations might help explain decreased PMN chemotaxis in neonates compared with that of adults. 31D8 has been shown to bind heterogeneously to adult PMNs. Approximately 80% of the PMNs that strongly bind 31D8 (31D8 “bright”) are the same cells that depolarize and migrate chemotactically when stimulated with the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine, while the 20% that weakly bind 31D8 fail to similarly respond. All neonatal PMNs bound 31D8 heterogeneously. There was a smaller population of 31D8 “bright” cells in neonates at birth (76% +/- 6%, n = 45) compared with that of neonates at three to 15 days of age (82% +/- 5%, n = 10, P less than 0.002) and both were smaller than that of adults (88% +/- 4%, n = 45, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001). Neonatal cord PMNs, which traversed a micropore filter in a modified Boyden chemotaxis chamber in the presence of a chemoattractant, had an increased percentage of 31D8 “bright” cells (89% +/- 7%) than did PMNs which remained above the filter (82% +/- 7%, n = 10, P = 0.034). PMN chemotaxis was less in neonates at birth (32.7 +/- 4.5 micron) than at three to six days of age (36.8 +/- 11.3 micron) and both were decreased compared with that of adults (69.1 +/- 12.4 micron, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001). These findings indicate that decreased PMN chemotaxis in neonates may be due in part to a smaller PMN subpopulation of highly motile cells.
From the Editors: The Future Ain't What It Used to Be (2004)

A fanciful way to describe the difference between magic and science is by way of humankind’s relationship with the gods. Magic, in this view, is an attempt to force the gods to do what we humans want, but science is an attempt to determine what the gods will do next. Put another way, magic pays little attention to discovering causes of various outcomes, because practitioners of magic believe (or appear to believe) that apparent causes have little to do with observed outcomes. Science, in contrast, is all about discovering causes. But what about prediction? Is Yogi Berra's quote in the title of this column as true today as it was when he first uttered it?
Tinnitus aurium: Fact… or fancy. (1982)

Abstract We have used the 14C 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) technique to examine changes in metabolic activity in the auditory pathway of 29 guinea pigs after removal of the cochlea, removal of the middle ear ossicles, and after treatment with sodium salicylate. Three experiments were performed. In the first experiment we examined the levels of neuronal activity at 1–2 hours to 42 days after unilateral and bilateral cochlear ablations. In this series of experiments, we observed a spontaneous increase in activity which appeared at 3–14 days in brain stem regions having major connections to the ablated cochlea. In the second series, we performed unilateral and bilateral removal of the middle ear ossicles. These manipulations, in contrast to cochlear removal, caused little or no spontaneous increase on the side connected to the lesion when examined at either 1 day or 21 days. This observation suggested that the increased activity seen several days after cochlear removal was due to the process of deafferentation per se and not to the deafness which was caused by both cochlear and ossicle removals. These findings are consistent with the possibility that the spontaneous increase in metabolic activity seen after cochlear removal may be a reflection of the subjective sensation of tinnitus experienced by human beings after cochlear damage or VIIIth nerve section. In the third experimental series, we administered sodium salicylate orally to animals. All animals had unilateral ossicle removal. This experiment was designed to determine whether high levels of a salicylate, known to produce tinnitus in human beings, could elicit increased activity in those animals which would normally have experienced a conductive hearing loss and, therefore, absent neuronal activity. In the animals examined to date after salicylate administration, an increase in 2DG uptake was observed. These preliminary data are consistent with the findings seen after cochlear ablation and further suggest that increased neuronal activity may reflect a tinnituslike phenomenon in the experimental animal. We believe the findings from these three sets of experiments form the basis for development of an experimental animal model which can be used to study a profound otologic symptom about which there is yet no pathophysiological information. As such, these data represent a very important first step in developing a reasonable and successful therapeutic regimen for afflicted human beings.
Diabetes and serum ferritin concentration among U.S. adults. (1999)

Elevated serum ferritin concentration was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. We were unable to eliminate conclusively the possibility that the observed association reflected inflammation rather than excess body iron stores.
Aplicação do teste do relógio em octogenários e nonagenários participantes de estudo realizado em Siderópolis/SC (2010)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as variáveis apresentadas na aplicação do teste do relógio (TR) em octogenários e nonagenários. Descrevemos aqui o resultado de um estudo transversal censitário com idosos de idade igual ou superior a 80 anos, residentes na cidade de Siderópolis/SC, Brasil (N=135), no período de maio a dezembro de 2005. A pesquisa contou com questionário e testes cognitivos como o Teste do Relógio, Mini Mental (MEEM), Fluência Verbal e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. O TR foi realizado por 65 idosos do total de 132 participantes. A média geral no neste teste foi de 4,5. O estudo mostrou que o TR não foi um método adequado de screening para demência em indivíduos com mais de 80 anos com baixa escolaridade. A baixa significância entre o TR e outros métodos de rastreio, principalmente o MEEM, demonstra esse fato
Limpieza química de tuberías de abastecimiento: eliminación de las incrustaciones de hierro y manganeso, control de los niveles de metales disueltos y mantenimiento de la calidad del agua potable en la red (2000)

La presencia de hierro y manganeso en las aguas de abastecimiento publico supone un grave problema para el mantenimiento de unos niveles optimos de calidad. La oxidacion de los estados solubles de los dos metales da lugar a la formacion de precipitados que confieren mal sabor y color al agua, y pueden llegar abstruir las tuberias. La limpieza quimica de la red de distribucion utilizando H2O2 es un metodo adecuado para la eliminacion de las deposiciones de Fe y Mn, y para el control de las concentraciones de ambos metales disueltas en el agua. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la aplicacion de este tratamiento para la mejora de la calidad del agua potable en la localidad de Valencia del Ventoso (Badajoz). Asi, se proponen medidas para el adecuado mantenimiento de dicha calidad basadas en el ajuste del sistema de potabilizacion actualmente en funcionamiento en el pueblo
Genetic analysis indicates that the human foamy virus Bel-1 protein contains a transcription activation domain of the acidic class (1994)

Human foamy virus encodes a nuclear regulatory protein, termed Bel-1, that serves as a potent activator of viral transcription. Mutational analysis has identified a small, discrete activation domain within Bel-1 that is highly active in both higher and lower eukaryotic cells. Here, we demonstrate that the activation domain of Bel-1 is highly dependent on the ADA2 transcriptional adaptor for biological activity in yeast cells, a property previously shown to be a hallmark of the VP16 class of acidic transcriptional activators (S. L. Berger, B. Pina, N. Silverman, G. A. Marcus, J. Agapite, J. L. Regier, S. J. Triezenberg, and L. Guarente, Cell 70:251-265, 1992). Using genetic selection in yeast cells, we have derived a set of point mutants within the Bel-1 activation domain that display a qualitatively similar loss in activation potential when examined in either yeast or human cells. These data indicate that the Bel-1 activation domain functions similarly in both lower and higher eukaryotes and strongly suggest that Bel-1 belongs to the VP16 class of acidic transcription factors.
Seawater degradable thermoplastic polyurethanes (2009)

Abstract Degradable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomers incorporating poly( D , L ‐lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA) were synthesized and characterized. The soft segments consisted of a mixture of poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and PLGA with PBA/PLGA ratios of 100/0, 75/25, and 50/50 wt %. Two PLGA polyesters were used. BD‐PLGA was initiated from butanediol; whereas BHMBA‐PLGA was initiated from 2,2‐bis‐(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid. The hard segments consisted of dicyclohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate (H 12 MDI) and 1,4‐butanediol (BD). The hard segment content, expressed as the weight ratio of BD to polyol used in the TPU formulation, was set either at 8 or 12% (31.2 or 38.1% hard segment by weight, respectively). In all cases initial [NCO]/[OH] ratio was 1.03. The tensile modulus of the TPUs ranged from 9 to 131 MPa and ultimate strains ranged from 100 to 750%. DMA was used to probe the thermomechanical transitions of the TPUs and indicated useful application temperatures from well below zero up to 60–80°C depending on the formulation. Hydrolytic degradation of the TPUs was tested in seawater at 37°C. All of the PLGA‐containing TPUs showed enhanced degradation compared to those with only PBA as the soft segment. The latter compositions remained essentially unchanged throughout the test while the PLGA‐containing TPUs lost as much as 45% of their initial mass in 153 days. Molecular weights of TPUs containing degradable polyols were lower than those derived from 100% PBA polyol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
TBAS: Token-based authorization service architecture in Internet of things scenarios (2017)

Internet of things refers to billions of interconnected devices that are generally equipped with sensors and communication devices. How to make Internet of things become a smart terminal is an important topic. By connecting cloud services, the devices can receive more accurate information so as to be applied in people’s daily life. However, the smart terminal devices access the cloud services via Representational State Transfer (RESTful) application programming interfaces, and how the cloud server authenticates and authorizes billions of devices is an immense challenge. Additionally, individual use of smart terminal devices is accompanied by such problems as privacy data or security. This article presents a token-based authorization service framework. The devices can have a safer access to cloud services through the token. Token is released by a third-party authentication center to improve its reliability and security and is featured by a high degree of privacy that sensitive data are not easily leaked. Furthermore, the token is valid only within a period of time or it will not work after the token count exceeds the threshold defined by the system, thereby lowering the devices’ risk of being hacked. The framework proposed in this article is applied to medical wearable devices. The advantages of this framework are practical and secure which are explained in the experimental chapter.
Synthesizing dialogue speech of Japanese based on the quantitative analysis of prosodic features (2002)

Through analyses of the fundamental frequency contours and speech rates of dialogue speech and also of read speech, prosodic rules were derived for the synthesis of spoken dialogue. The fundamental frequency contours were first decomposed into phrase and accent components based on the superpositional model, and then their command magnitudes/amplitudes were analyzed by the method of multiple regression analysis. For the speech rate, the reduction rate of mora duration from reading-style to dialogue-style was calculated. After normalizing the sentence length, the mean reduction rate was calculated as an average over utterances without a complicated syntactic structure. The results of the above analyses were incorporated into prosodic rules for dialogue speech synthesis. Using a previously-developed formant speech synthesiser, synthesis was conducted using both the former rules of read speech and the newly developed rules. A hearing test showed that the new rules can produce better prosody as dialogue speech.
Isolation amongst the composition operators (1990)

Earl Berkson has shown that certain highly non-compact composition operators on the Hardy space H 2 are, in the operator norm topology, isolated from all the other composition operators. On the other hand, it is easy to see that no compact composition operator is so isolated. Here we explore the intermediate territory, with the following results: (i) Only the extreme points of the H unit hall can induce isolated composition operators. In particular, those holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc whose images make at most finite order of contact with the unit circle induce composition operators that are not isolated. However, (ii) extreme points do not tell the whole story about isolation: some of them induce compact, hence non-isolated, composition operators. Nevertheless, (iii) all sufficiently regular univalent extreme points induce isolated composition operators.
Antirhino/Enteroviral Vinylacetylene Benzimidazoles:  A Study of Their Activity and Oral Plasma Levels in Mice (1997)

In an effort to find an orally bioavailable antiviral for the treatment of rhino/enteroviral infections, a series of vinylacetylene benzimidazoles (11a-o, 12, and 18a) was made. Initial studies of this class of antivirals showed that fluorine substitution on the left-hand phenyl ring in combination with the vinylacetylene moiety gave the requisite mix of physical properties to achieve good in vitro antiviral activity as well as respectable oral bioavailability in rhesus monkeys. To ascertain the generality of this finding and to broaden the scope of the structure-activity relationship (SAR), the present study concentrated on fluoro substitution of this class of molecules. The initial antiviral activity for each analogue was measured using human rhinovirus 14 (HRV-14). This served as an indicator of general antiviral activity for SAR purposes. Subsequently, the spectrum of antirhino/enteroviral activity of the more interesting analogues was evaluated through testing against a panel of seven additional rhino/enteroviruses. Broad-spectrum activity was present and consistent for all analogues tested, and it tracked closely with the antiviral activity observed against HRV-14. A simple screening protocol for oral bioavailability was established whereby compounds were administered orally to mice and plasma levels were measured. This procedure facilitated the evaluation of numerous analogues in a rapid manner. The Cmax was used as a measure of oral bioavailability to allow relative ranking of compounds. In general, fluorine substitution directly on the left-hand aromatic ring does give good oral blood levels. However, fluorine incorporation at other positions in the molecule was not as effective at maintaining either the activity or the oral plasma levels. The constructive combination of activity and oral plasma levels was maximized in three derivatives: 11a,e,g.