gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serotonin Improves High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice (2016)

There are two independent serotonin (5-HT) systems of organization: one in the central nervous system and the other in the periphery. 5-HT affects feeding behavior and obesity in the central nervous system. On the other hand, peripheral 5-HT also may play an important role in obesity, as it has been reported that 5-HT regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Here we show that the intraperitoneal injection of 5-HT to mice inhibits weight gain, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and completely prevented the enlargement of intra-abdominal adipocytes without having any effect on food intake when on a high fat diet, but not on a chow diet. 5-HT increased energy expenditure, O2 consumption and CO2 production. This novel metabolic effect of peripheral 5-HT is critically related to a shift in the profile of muscle fiber type from fast/glycolytic to slow/oxidative in soleus muscle. Additionally, 5-HT dramatically induced an increase in the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)-b and PGC-1α-c in soleus muscle. The elevation of these gene mRNA expressions by 5-HT injection was inhibited by treatment with 5-HT receptor (5HTR) 2A or 7 antagonists. Our results demonstrate that peripheral 5-HT may play an important role in the relief of obesity and other metabolic disorders by accelerating energy consumption in skeletal muscle.
Surfactant-Based Mobility Control (1988)

There is no known method or collection of methods that can recover all of the petroleum from an underground reservoir. Even when several different methods are applied sequentially over a period of decades, on average, they leave about two-thirds of the oil trapped in the reservoir (1).
Depression and the Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2004)

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is elevated among women with a history of depression. It is important to better understand the role depression may play in the effort to reduce the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its health consequences.
Seiective Inhibition of Src Protein Tyrosine Kinase by Analogues of 5-S-Glutathionyl-.BETA.-alanyl-L-dopa. (1998)

Twelve analogues of the antibacterial phenolic peptide 5-S-glutathionyl-β-alanyl-L-dopa (5-S-GA-L-D : 1) were synthesized via orthoquinones using tyrosinase. Several synthesized compounds inhibited the v-Src autophosphorylation tyrosine kinase reaction with an IC50 value comparable to that of herbimycin. The inhibition of c-Src substrate phosphorylation was much less active than v-Src autophosphorylation inhibition. The analogues showed no effects on substrate phosphorylation by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and this selectivity is the most characteristic feature of the analogues (1-12).
Epitaxial liftoff of GaAs detectors onto silicon integrated circuits (2002)

The seperation of thin film epitaxial devices from the growth substrated is called epitaxial lift off, and the subsequent transfer and bonding of these thin film devices to smooth substrates such as Si integrated circuits is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Memory bandwidth limitations of future microprocessors (1996)

This paper makes the case that pin bandwidth will be a critical consideration for future microprocessors. We show that many of the techniques used to tolerate growing memory latencies do so at the expense of increased bandwidth requirements. Using a decomposition of execution time, we show that for modern processors that employ aggressive memory latency tolerance techniques, wasted cycles due to insufficient bandwidth generally exceed those due to raw memory latencies. Given the importance of maximizing memory bandwidth, we calculate effective pin bandwidth, then estimate optimal effective pin bandwidth. We measure these quantities by determining the amount by which both caches and minimal-traffic caches filter accesses to the lower levels of the memory hierarchy. We see that there is a gap that can exceed two orders of magnitude between the total memory traffic generated by caches and the minimal-traffic caches---implying that the potential exists to increase effective pin bandwidth substantially. We decompose this traffic gap into four factors, and show they contribute quite differently to traffic reduction for different benchmarks. We conclude that, in the short term, pin bandwidth limitations will make more complex on-chip caches cost-effective. For example, flexible caches may allow individual applications to choose from a range of caching policies. In the long term, we predict that off-chip accesses will be so expensive that all system memory will reside on one or more processor chips.
Porosity from seismic data: A geostatistical approach (1988)

Abstract Using a geostatistical technique called cokriging, the areal distribution of porosity is estimated first in a numerically simulated reservoir model, then in an oil-bearing channel-sand of Alberta, Canada. The cokriging method consistently integrates 3-D reflection seismic data with well measurements of the porosity and provides error-qualified, linear mean square estimates of this parameter. In contrast to traditional seismically assisted porosity mapping techniques that treat the data as spatially independent observations, the geostatistical approach uses spatial autocorrelation and crosscorrelation functions to model the lateral variations of the reservoir properties. In the simulated model, the experimental root-mean square porosity error with cokriging is 50 percent smaller than the error in predictions relying on a least-squares regression of porosity on seismically derived transit time in the reservoir interval. In the Alberta reservoir, a cross-validation study at the wells demonstrates that the cokriging procedure is 20 percent more accurate, in a mean square sense, than a standard regression method, which accounts only for local correlations between porosity and seismically derived impedances. In both cases, cokriging capitalizes on areally dense seismic measurements that are indirectly related to porosity. As a result, when compared to estimates obtained by interpolating the well data, this technique considerably improves the spatial description of porosity in areas of sparse well control.
A “Holistic” Kinesin Phylogeny Reveals New Kinesin Families and Predicts Protein Functions (2006)

Kinesin superfamily proteins are ubiquitous to all eukaryotes and essential for several key cellular processes. With the establishment of genome sequence data for a substantial number of eukaryotes, it is now possible for the first time to analyze the complete kinesin repertoires of a diversity of organisms from most eukaryotic kingdoms. Such a "holistic" approach using 486 kinesin-like sequences from 19 eukaryotes and analyzed by Bayesian techniques, identifies three new kinesin families, two new phylum-specific groups, and unites two previously identified families. The paralogue distribution suggests that the eukaryotic cenancestor possessed nearly all kinesin families. However, multiple losses in individual lineages mean that no family is ubiquitous to all organisms and that the present day distribution reflects common biology more than it does common ancestry. In particular, the distribution of four families--Kinesin-2, -9, and the proposed new families Kinesin-16 and -17--correlates with the possession of cilia/flagella, and this can be used to predict a flagellar function for two new kinesin families. Finally, we present a set of hidden Markov models that can reliably place most new kinesin sequences into families, even when from an organism at a great evolutionary distance from those in the analysis.
Identification of the Reactive Oxygen Species Responsible for Carbon Tetrachloride Degradation in Modified Fenton's Systems (2004)

The reactive oxygen species responsible for the transformation of carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane, CT) by modified Fenton's reagent using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations >0.1 M was investigated. Addition of the hydroxyl radical scavenger 2-propanol to modified Fenton's reactions did not significantly lower CT transformation rates. Scavenging by 2-propanol not only confirmed that hydroxyl radicals are not responsible for CT destruction, but also suggested that a major product of an iron (III)-driven initiation reaction, superoxide radical anion (O2-), is the species responsible for CT transformation. To investigate this hypothesis, CT degradation was studied in aqueous KO2 reactions. Minimal CT degradation was found in CT-KO2 reactions; however, when H2O2 was added to the KO2 reactions at concentrations similar to those in the modified Fenton's reactions (0.1, 0.5, and 1 M), CT degradation increased significantly. Similar results were obtained when 1 M concentrations of other solvents were added to aqueous KO2 reactions, and the observed first-order rate constant for CT degradation correlated strongly (R2 = 0.986) with the empirical solvent polarity (E(T)N) of the added solvents. The results indicate that even dilute concentrations of solvents, including H202, can increase the reactivity of O2- in water, probably by changing its solvation sphere. The higher reactivity of O2- generated in modified Fenton's reagent, which has a less polar nature due to the presence of H2O2, may result in a wider range of contaminant degradation than previously thought possible.
Suppression of endogenous lipogenesis induces reversion of the malignant phenotype and normalized differentiation in breast cancer (2016)

The correction of specific signaling defects can reverse the oncogenic phenotype of tumor cells by acting in a dominant manner over the cancer genome. Unfortunately, there have been very few successful attempts at identifying the primary cues that could redirect malignant tissues to a normal phenotype. Here we show that suppression of the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) leads to stable reversion of the malignant phenotype and normalizes differentiation in a model of breast cancer (BC) progression. FASN knockdown dramatically reduced tumorigenicity of BC cells and restored tissue architecture, which was reminiscent of normal ductal-like structures in the mammary gland. Loss of FASN signaling was sufficient to direct tumors to a reversed phenotype that was near normal when considering the development of polarized growth-arrested acinar-like structure similar to those formed by nonmalignant breast cells in a 3D reconstituted basement membrane in vitro. This process, in vivo, resulted in a low proliferation index, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and shut-off of the angiogenic switch in FASN-depleted BC cells orthotopically implanted into mammary fat pads. The role of FASN as a negative regulator of correct breast tissue architecture and terminal epithelial cell differentiation was dominant over the malignant phenotype of tumor cells possessing multiple cancer-driving genetic lesions as it remained stable during the course of serial in vivo passage of orthotopic tumor-derived cells. Transient knockdown of FASN suppressed hallmark structural and cytosolic/secretive proteins (vimentin, N-cadherin, fibronectin) in a model of EMT-induced cancer stem cells (CSC). Indirect pharmacological inhibition of FASN promoted a phenotypic switch from basal- to luminal-like tumorsphere architectures with reduced intrasphere heterogeneity. The fact that sole correction of exacerbated lipogenesis can stably reprogram cancer cells back to normal-like tissue architectures might open a new avenue to chronically restrain BC progression by using FASN-based differentiation therapies.
A new synthesis of .ALPHA.-L-fucose. (1979)

A new synthesis of α-L-fucose from D-glucose is described. The key intermediate is methyl 2, 3-di-O-acetyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene-α-D-altropyranoside (1), synthesized from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside by known procedures. Compound 1 was converted into methyl 2, 3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-benzoyl-6-bromo-6-deoxy-α-D-altropyranoside (2) by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide. Dehydrobromination of 2 afforded the 5, 6-unsaturated glycoside (4), which underwent reduction by hydrogen, mainly with inversion at C-5, to give methyl 2, 3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-benzoyl-6-deoxy-β-L-galactopyranoside (5) with a small amount of the isomeric methyl 2, 3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-benzoyl-6-deoxy-α-D-altropyranoside (3). The ratio of 3 to 5 was about 1 to 4. Deacylation of a mixture of 3 and 5 gave crystalline methyl β-L-fucopyranoside (6) and a syrupy methyl 6-deoxy-α-D-altropyranoside. Acidic hydrolysis of 6 afforded crystalline α-L-fucose in 19.3% yield from 1 via 5 steps.
Biomarkers for early detection of acute kidney injury (2012)

Abstract: It is very difficult to make an early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) using serum creatinine, which is the standard metric tool for the detection of renal injury. The absence of sensitive AKI biomarkers has impaired progress in the nephrology field and had a detrimental effect on the design and outcome of AKI clinical trials. Recently, several proteins have shown potential in the early detection of AKI, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, and interleukin-18. This review discusses the current status of three AKI biomarkers as a potential diagnostic tool for the early detection of AKI. The focus is limited to prospective human studies from January 2005 to December 2011. The review compares the clinical conditions for which the AKI biomarkers have the greatest potential utility for the early detection of AKI. It also demonstrates the barriers to the successful use of AKI biomarkers in clinical practice, as well as the future trials that will be needed to validate their use. Despite the early promise of biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, and interleukin-18 for the early detection of AKI, none of these biomarkers has demonstrated a clear benefit in detecting various types of AKI in daily clinical practice. Indeed, the majority of published clinical studies of known AKI biomarkers so far are small and insufficient to support clinical studies of AKI biomarkers as an effective early AKI diagnostic test in humans. Keywords: acute kidney injury, biomarker, early detection
SDRAM-Energy-Aware memory allocation for dynamic multi-media applications on multi-processor platforms (2003)

Heterogeneous multi-processors platforms are an interesting option to satisfy the computational performance of dynamic multi-media applications at a reasonable energy cost. Today, almost no support exists to energy-efficiently manage the data of a multi-threaded application on these platforms. In this paper we show that the assignment of data of dynamically created/deleted tasks to the shared memory has a large impact on the energy consumption. We present two dynamic memory allocators which solve the bank assignment problem for shared multi-banked SDRAM memories. Both allocators assign the tasks' data to the available SDRAM banks such that the number of page-misses is reduced We have measured large energy savings with these allocators compared to existing dynamic memory allocators for several task-sets based on MediaBench.
Simvastatin Acts Synergistically with ACE Inhibitors or Amlodipine to Decrease Oxygen Consumption in Rat Hearts (2000)

Statin drugs, which are cholesterol-lowering agents, can upregulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in isolated endothelial cells independent of lipid lowering. We investigated the effect of short-term simvastatin administration on NO-mediated regulation of myocardial oxygen consumption (MV(O2)) in tissue from rat hearts. Male Wistar rats were divided into (a) control group (n = 14), and (b) simvastatin group (n = 10, 20 mg/kg/day by oral gavage). After 2 weeks, left ventricular myocardium was isolated to measure MV(O2) using a Clark-type oxygen electrode, and aortic plasma nitrates and nitrites (NOx) were measured. Baseline plasma NOx levels (19+/-2.6 in control vs. 20+/-2.5 microM/L in simvastatin) and baseline MV(O2) (288+/-23 in control vs. 252+/-11 nmol/g/min; p = 0.09) were not significantly different between the two groups. NO-dependent regulation of MV(O2) in response to bradykinin, ramipril, or amlodipine was augmented in simvastatin rats compared with controls (p < 0.05). Decrease of MV(O2) from baseline in response to highest doses in control versus simvastatin groups was as follows-bradykinin, -28+/-5% vs. -44+/-6%; ramipril, -35+/-5% vs. -50+/-8%; and amlodipine, -32+/-9% vs. -42+/-3%. Response to highest dose of NO donor S-nitroso N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) was not significantly different in the two groups (-55+/-5% vs. -52+/-7%). Treatment with Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, inhibitor of NO synthesis, attenuated the effect of bradykinin, ramipril, and amlodipine on MV(O2) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, short-term administration of simvastatin in rats potentiates the ability of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and amlodipine to cause NO-mediated regulation of MV(O2).
Writing oneself (2020)

Abstract Did Montaigne invent the essay? “Writing oneself” reminds us that Montaigne was not the first author to add personal experience and reflection to nonfiction writing. Montaigne loved the moral essays of Plutarch, the letters of Seneca, and the writings of his contemporary, Erasmus. The title in French, Essais, could be read as assays or attempts. Indeed, the Essays became depictions of Montaigne’s cognitive processes at work. It is suggested that the hunger for expression and intimacy in Montaigne’s writing originated in the death of a beloved friend, with whom Montaigne might otherwise have expressed these thoughts in conversation.
Effects of 25-Hydroxycholesterol on Cholesterol Esterification and Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein Processing Are Dissociable (2004)

The regulatory pool of cholesterol is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is key to how mammalian cells sense and respond to changes in cellular cholesterol levels. The extent of cholesterol esterification by the ER-resident protein, acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT), has become the standard method for monitoring cholesterol transport to the ER and is assumed to reflect the regulatory pool of ER cholesterol. The oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), is thought to trigger intracellular cholesterol transport to the ER. In support of this contention, we confirmed previous reports that 25HC activates cholesterol esterification and is a potent suppressor of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway. Processing of the ER membrane-bound SREBP into a soluble transcription factor is controlled by cholesterol levels in the ER. In this study, we addressed whether or not cholesterol esterification necessarily reflects cholesterol movement to the cholesterol homeostatic machinery in the ER as determined by SREBP processing. We found that three agents that inhibited the ability of 25HC to induce cholesterol esterification (progesterone, nigericin, and monensin) did not have a corresponding effect on 25HC suppression of SREBP processing. Moreover, ACAT inhibition did not alter the sensitivity of SREBP processing to 25HC. Therefore, cholesterol esterification by the ER-resident protein ACAT is dissociable from cholesterol transport to the cholesterol homeostatic machinery in the ER. In light of our results, we question the security of previous work that has inferred cholesterol transport to the ER regulatory pool based solely on cholesterol esterification.
Stimulation of 3,4-dichloroaniline mineralization by aniline (1982)

Mineralization of free and of humus-bound 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) by a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated by analog enrichment was greatly enhanced in the presence of aniline. The addition of aniline to soil that contained 0.2 to 100 micrograms of DCA per g in free or in humus-bound form increased the mineralization rates of DCA severalfold. Within the concentration ranges tested, absolute mineralization of DCA per unit time was positively correlated with both increasing DCA and increasing aniline concentrations. The specific enrichment of microbial populations and the induction of pathways that can co-metabolize DCA are the most plausible explanations for the effect of aniline. The observed phenomenon points to a potential approach for eliminating xenobiotic pollutants from contaminated soils.
Plug-ins proliferate (2012)

Do you own a plug-in car? Do you even know anybody who does? Probably not. But that might very well change this year. Electric cars aren't new, of course. Mitsubishi's all-electric i-MiEV has been available in several countries since 2010. The US $35 200 Nissan Leaf, another pure electric vehicle, has been selling in Japan and the United States for more than a year. The Chevy Volt is also available in America, as is the Tesla Roadster, a $109 000 toy for the rich. And yet, despite the intense press coverage and feverish anticipation, relatively few of these cars have found their way into garages and driveways. In 2012, however, a big influx of plug-in cars will help these vehicles start shedding their novelty image and in some places may even justify the construction of public charging stations.
Astrometeorología e influencia lunar en las Quaestiones Convivales de Plutarco (2009)

Among the scarce references to ancient astrology in Plutarch's works, we must pay attention to questions of astrometeorology. Such references, limited to the Sun and the Moon, concern popular beliefs on the influence of both stars on plants and animals. In this paper I analyse some passages from the Quaestiones convivales where Plutarch echoes those beliefs concerning the effects of the Moon and the Sun on the nature and physiology of the beings of this world. Similar astrometeorological prescriptions are also found in astrological texts, such as lunaria from late antiquity and the Middle Ages.
A perspective on the 801/Reduced Instruction Set Computer (1987)

From the earliest days of computers until the early 1970s, the trend in computer architecture was toward increasing complexity. This complexity revealed itself through the introduction of new instructions that matched the application areas. Microcode was an implementation technique that greatly facilitated this trend; thus, most computers were implemented using microcode. In 1975, work began at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center on an experimental minicomputer. This project, termed the 801 project, questioned the trend toward complexity in computer architecture. It was observed that most of the complex instructions were seldom used. Thus, a computer could be designed with only simple instructions without drastically increasing the path length or number of instructions required to implement an application. This made it possible to implement a machine without resorting to microcode, which improved performance. This paper described the background and evolution of these ideas in the context of the 801 experimental minicomputer project.
ECCS2012 makes PCs and printers in computer labs accessible from off-campus environment (2013)

Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo provides Educational Campuswide Computing System (ECCS) to approximately 60,000 users at our university. ECCS includes computer labs for class and self-study and a mail service for staff and students. ECCS2012, launched in March 2012, focuses on integrations of hardware and various channels to access the system. For example, a single kind of terminals in the labs, an integrated file server for the terminals and the mail service, and a printing service portal which connects printers in the labs to off-campus PCs and terminals in the labs to off-campus printers in commercial stores. In this paper, we describe the detail and usage statistics of ECCS2012.