gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing Magnetic Air Circuit Breakers for 5-Cycle Performance (1958)

Magnetic air circuit breakers are now rated 8 cycles even though they inherently demonstrate 5-cycle performance. It is therefore the responsibility of the manufacturer to test the circuit breakers so that the duty imposed by the system does not result in misapplications. To assure proper application as 5-cycle breakers the tests should show that: 1. The interrupting time does not exceed 5 cycles. 2. The rated interrupting current shall be symmetrical amperes. 3. An asymmetrical current, whose total rms value is 10% greater than the rated interrupting current, be interrupted. 4. All interrupting tests be made with a recovery voltage equal to the system voltage.
Key Point Subspace Acceleration and soft caching (2007)

Many applications in Computer Graphics contain computationally expensive calculations. These calculations are often performed at many points to produce a full solution, even though the subspace of reasonable solutions may be of a relatively low dimension. The calculation of facial articulation and rendering of scenes with global illumination are two example applications that require these sort of computations. In this paper, we present Key Point Subspace Acceleration and Soft Caching, a technique for accelerating these types of computations.
To ‘errrr’ is human: ecology and acoustics of speech disfluencies (2001)

Unlike read or laboratory speech, spontaneous speech contains high rates of disfluencies (e.g. repetitions, repairs, filled pauses, false starts). This paper aims to promote ‘disfluency awareness’ especially in the field of phonetics –which has much to offer in the way of increasing our understanding of these phenomena. Two broad claims are made, based on analyses of disfluencies in different corpora of spontaneous American English speech. First, an Ecology Claim suggests that disfluencies are related to aspects of the speaking environments in which they arise. The claim is supported by evidence from task effects, location analyses, speaker effects and sociolinguistic effects. Second, an Acoustics Claim argues that disfluency has consequences for phonetic and prosodic aspects of speech that are not represented in the speech patterns of laboratory speech. Such effects include modifications in segment durations, intonation, voice quality, vowel quality and coarticulation patterns. The ecological and acoustic evidence provide insights about human language production in real-world contexts. Such evidence can also guide methods for the processing of spontaneous speech in automatic speech recognition applications.
The Genome Sequence of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Bacteriophage φA1122 Reveals an Intimate History with the Coliphage T3 and T7 Genomes (2003)

The genome sequence of bacteriophage phiA1122 has been determined. phiA1122 grows on almost all isolates of Yersinia pestis and is used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a diagnostic agent for the causative agent of plague. phiA1122 is very closely related to coliphage T7; the two genomes are colinear, and the genome-wide level of nucleotide identity is about 89%. However, a quarter of the phiA1122 genome, one that includes about half of the morphogenetic and maturation functions, is significantly more closely related to coliphage T3 than to T7. It is proposed that the yersiniophage phiA1122 recombined with a close relative of the Y. enterocolitica phage phiYeO3-12 to yield progeny phages, one of which became the classic T3 coliphage of Demerec and Fano (M. Demerec and U. Fano, Genetics 30:119-136, 1945).
Trehalase of Escherichia coli. Mapping and cloning of its structural gene and identification of the enzyme as a periplasmic protein induced under high osmolarity growth conditions. (1987)

Escherichia coli can use the nonreducing disaccharide trehalose as a sole source of carbon and energy. Trehalose transport into the cell is mediated via the phosphotransferase system, and a mutant depleted in the nonspecific proteins enzyme I, HPr, and enzyme IIIGlc of this system was not only unable to grow on glucose or mannitol but also was strongly reduced in its ability to grow on trehalose. A pseudorevertant (PPA69) of such a deletion mutant was isolated that could again grow on glucose but not on mannitol. This revertant could now also use trehalose as a carbon source due to a constitutive galactose permease. PPA69 was subjected to Tn10 insertional mutagenesis, and a mutant (UE5) was isolated that no longer could use trehalose as a carbon source but could still grow on glucose. UE5 lacked a periplasmic trehalase that was present in PPA69. P1-mediated transduction of this Tn10 insertion (treA::Tn10) into a pts+ wild-type strain (MC4100) had no effect on the ability of MC4100 to grow on trehalose but resulted in loss of the periplasmic trehalase activity. The Tn10 insertion was mapped at 26 min on the E. coli linkage map and was 3% cotransducible with trp, in the order treA::Tn10, trp, cys. Trehalase activity in MC4100 was not induced by growth in the presence of trehalose but increased by about 10-fold when 0.6 M sucrose was added to minimal growth medium. Using the in vivo mini-Mu cloning system and growth on trehalose as selection, we cloned the treA gene. A 9-kilobase EcoRI fragment containing treA was subcloned into pBR322. Strains carrying this plasmid (pTRE5) contained about 100-fold higher periplasmic trehalase activity than PPA69 or MC4100. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found a protein of molecular weight 58,000 among the periplasmic proteins of the pTRE5-carrying strain that was absent in UE5. This protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography and contained all the trehalase activity. Minicells containing the treA+ plasmid produced, in addition to three other proteins, the 58,000-dalton protein. Thus, the plasmid carries the structural gene for the periplasmic trehalase and not just a gene involved in the regulation of the enzyme.
An Oil-Free Picodrop Bioassay Platform for Synthetic Biology (2018)

Droplet microfluidics enables massively-parallel analysis of single cells, biomolecules, and chemicals, making it valuable for high-throughput screens. However, many hydrophobic analytes are soluble in carrier oils, preventing their quantitative analysis with the method. We apply Printed Droplet Microfluidics to construct defined reactions with chemicals and cells incubated under air on an open array. The method interfaces with most bioanalytical tools and retains hydrophobic compounds in compartmentalized reactors, allowing their quantitation.
An Efficient Cooling Loop for Connecting Cryocooler to a Helium Reservoir (2004)

The magnet system of the VENUS ECR Ion Source at LBNL has two 1.5‐watt cryocoolers suspended in the cryostat vacuum. Helium vapor from the liquid reservoir is admitted to a finned condenser bolted to the cryocooler 2nd stage and returns as liquid via gravity. Small‐diameter flexible tubes allow the cryocoolers to be located remotely from the reservoir. With 3.1 watts load, the helium reservoir is maintained at 4.35 K, 0.05K above the cryocooler temperature. Design, analysis, and performance are presented.
Tumor induction by simian virus 40 in mice is controlled by long-term persistence of the viral genome and the immune response of the host (1984)

Simian virus 40 (SV40), which transforms mouse cells in vitro, has not been previously observed to cause tumors when injected in immunocompetent mice. We have investigated both the fate of the injected virion in mice and several immunological parameters as potential factors controlling tumorigenicity. We find that although SV40 does not replicate in mouse cells, the viral DNA can persist for many months postinjection; the majority of the viral DNA is found in the cytoplasm, but a small amount of the viral DNA is integrated at multiple sites in the host nuclear DNA. The persistence of the viral genome is independent of the ability of the mouse to mount an SV40 TSTA specific cytotoxic T-cell response and may be attributed to the cytoplasmic location of the majority of the viral genome. However, in long-term studies of SV40-injected mice, genetically identical except for the major histocompatibility complex, we find that tumors were induced in some mice of the H-2d (low cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responder to SV40 TSTA) but not of the H-2k (high responder to SV40 TSTA) haplotype. Thus, a combination of inefficient disposal of the injected virion and inefficient immunological surveillance and elimination of cells containing nuclear SV40 DNA can eventually result in SV40-induced tumors at multiple sites in mice.
3‐Hydroxyglutaronitrile (2003)

Abstract 3‐Hydroxyglutaronitrile byproduct: 4‐chloro‐3‐hydroxybutyronitrile and 4‐hydroxycrotononitrile product: 3‐Hydroxyglutaronitrile product: 2‐amino‐6‐bromopyridine
[Metabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway in saliva]. (2005)

In this review, the role of the kynurenine pathway enzymes TDO (tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase) and IDO (indoleamine 2,3 -dioxygenase) as well as the properties of the metabolites of kynurenine degradation present in human saliva described. The implications of these metabolites in the pathomechanism of tissue and organs dysfunction are demonstrated. The authors also describe at length the role of saliva kynurenine derivatives in the onset and development of periodontal disease in humans.
Accelerated Life Testing of Solar Energy Materials - Case study of some selective solar absorber coatings for DHW systems (1994)

Accelerated Life Testing of Solar Energy Materials - Case study of some selective solar absorber coatings for DHW systems
Analysis and Design of Large Stroke Series Flexure Mechanism (2012)

To increase the stroke of precision positioning system,this paper presented a novel series flexure mechanism which was based on common right circular flexure hinge.Pseudo-rigid-body model and the theory of mechanics of materials were applied to establish the theoretical model of stiffness and maximum stress,which were critical parameters for the large stroke flexure mechanism.The theoretical model was proved to be valid by comparing the calculated results with those of the finite element analysis.Furthermore,the design method of large stroke series flexure mechanism was discussed,and the reliability of application example was demonstrated.The tolerance of positioning system using large stroke series flexure mechanism as guiding was not more than 60 nm,which was demonstrated by the pulse response experiments.
Protein-induced Fusion Can Be Modulated by Target Membrane Lipids through a Structural Switch at the Level of the Fusion Peptide (2000)

Regulatory features of protein-induced membrane fusion are largely unclear, particularly at the level of the fusion peptide. Fusion peptides being part of larger protein complexes, such investigations are met with technical limitations. Here, we show that the fusion activity of influenza virus or Golgi membranes is strongly inhibited by minor amounts of (lyso)lipids when present in the target membrane but not when inserted into the viral or Golgi membrane itself. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we employ a membrane-anchored peptide system and show that fusion is similarly regulated by these lipids when inserted into the target but not when present in the peptide-containing membrane. Peptide-induced fusion is regulated by a reversible switch of secondary structure from a fusion-permissive alpha-helix to a nonfusogenic beta-sheet. The "on/off" activation of this switch is governed by minor amounts of (lyso)-phospholipids in targets, causing a drop in alpha-helix and a dramatic increase in beta-sheet contents. Concomitantly, fusion is inhibited, due to impaired peptide insertion into the target membrane. Our observations in biological fusion systems together with the model studies suggest that distinct lipids in target membranes provide a means for regulating membrane fusion by causing a reversible secondary structure switch of the fusion peptides.
Factors contributing to the hospitalization of patients with congestive heart failure. (1997)

Interventions to improve compliance, the control of hypertension, and the appropriate use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may prevent many hospitalizations of heart-failure patients.
Integrated Prestack Depth Migration of VSP and OBS Data in Angle Domain (2015)

Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) surveys not only generate higher fidelity data when compared with ocean bottom sensors (OBS), but VSP data can also be analyzed for reservoir properties via imaging and inversion for seismic attributes. This paper describes a Kirchhoff prestack depth migration (PSDM) technique for both VSP and OBS data using a common velocity model to produce angle domain common image gathers (ADCIGs) on a unified grid. Further processing of ADCIGs in a post-migration step is demonstrated to be an effective means of integrating partial images migrated for VSP and OBS data, and has produced results superior to the conventional workflow.
REVIEWS (1968)

REVIEWS Get access Christopher Smart, Scholar of the University. By ARTHUR SHERBO. Pp. iv+304. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1967. $8.50. CECIL PRICE CECIL PRICE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XIX, Issue 74, May 1968, Pages 213–215, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XIX.74.213 Published: 01 May 1968
Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Solid Acids (1974)

Abstract In order to examine the correlation between the acidic properties of catalysts and their activity or selectivity and to elucidate the reaction mechanism, dehydration reactions of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and 2-butanol over Al2O3, SiO2, SiO2–Al2O3, ZnS, NiSO4, Al2(SO4)3 or Al2O3 poisoned with basic compounds were carried out at 80–250°C by means of the conventional flow method or a thermal desorption method. The following results were obtained. 1) Both Brönsted and Lewis acids are active, the latter being so to a greater extent. 2) Even relatively weak acid catalysts of acid strength Ho=4.8–6.8 are active, the catalytic activity being correlated with the number of effective acid sites. 3) The selectivity of 4-methyl-1-pentene/4-methyl-2-pentene and 4-methyl-cis-2-pentene/4-methy-trans-2-pentene is lower for Brönsted acids than for Lewis acids and higher for weaker Lewis acid strengths. 4) The composition of butene isomers varies greatly with changes in desorption temperature and the amount of adsorbed 2-butanol in the case of Al2O3, but not much for SiO2–Al2O3. 5) The ratios of cis-2-butene/trans-2-butene and 1-butene/2-butene over Al2O3 are remarkably increased by poisoning with pyridine. A reaction mechanism including a new reaction path has been proposed.
T-cell response to cottontail rabbit papillomavirus structural proteins in infected rabbits (1994)

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV)-induced papillomas progress at a high frequency to carcinomas and thus can serve as a model for high-cancer-risk human papillomavirus infection. Previously, we have shown that antibodies to nonstructural and structural proteins are detected in only a fraction of papilloma-bearing animals. However, the antibody response to structural proteins drastically increases as papillomas progress to carcinoma (Y.-L. Lin, L. A. Borenstein, R. Selvakumar, R. Ahmed, and F. O. Wettstein, J. Virol. 67:382-389, 1993). Here we have monitored the cellular immune response to viral proteins during the course of infection and particularly during progression from papilloma to carcinoma. This was done by measuring the in vitro proliferation response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to CRPV structural proteins L1 and L2. The proliferating cells were identified as T cells by selective removal of B or T cells. In general, the T-cell response was low for rabbits at the papilloma stage and none responded to L2. Lymphocytes from animals with carcinomas more frequently and more strongly responded to L1, and more than half also responded to L2. In addition to stimulation of PBMCs, L1- and L2-specific proliferation could also be demonstrated with lymph node and spleen cells. Overall, our data show that progression of papilloma to carcinoma is associated with an increased T-cell response to CRPV structural proteins in addition to an increased humoral response. This greater immune reactivity, however, was not associated with a selectively increased expression of structural proteins, since RNA isolated from papillomas and carcinomas contained similar relative levels of late and early RNA as shown by dot blot analysis. Thus, the heightened immune reactivity seen in carcinoma-bearing rabbits most likely reflects greater stimulation of the immune system owing to dissemination of the tumor. These findings suggest that increased immune responses to papillomavirus proteins may be prognostic of progression to carcinoma and particularly of the development of metastases.
Study on the Magnetic Field Homogeneity of HTS Bulk Magnets Including the Degraded HTS Bulk for Developing the Compact NMR Relaxometry (2016)

We have been studying the compact magnet for NMR device that consists of a stacked high-temperature superconducting (HTS) GdBCO bulk annuli trapped by a field cooling method. It was difficult to trap the uniform magnetic field above 4.7 T (200-MHz-class NMR magnet) and field homogeneity under 0.01 ppm/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> at liquid nitrogen temperature (77.4 K) because of the low $Jc$- $B$ characteristics of present HTS bulks. On the other hand, the strength and homogeneity of the magnetic field required for NMR relaxometry device are 1.5 T and 150 ppm/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , respectively. Therefore, we have been investigating the development of the compact magnet for NMR relaxometry device. In our previous work, we obtained the trapped magnetic field over 1.5 T at 77.4 K using the stacked HTS bulk magnet with 80-mm height, and 150-ppm/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> field homogeneity was obtained using the fabricated field compensation methods. However, the asymmetric problem of the magnetic field uniformity occurs by the different superconducting characteristics of HTS bulks when we produce the compact NMR magnet by stacking a large number of HTS bulks. Therefore, in this study, the field homogeneity of HTS bulk magnet by the arrangement of the degraded HTS bulk was investigated using 3-D FEM analysis. We examined the effects of the stacking position of degraded HTS bulk using various $Jc$- $B$ characteristics.
Absorption Spectrum of Ytterbium in Single Crystal of Calcium Fluoride (1962)

High-resolution spectrum of Yb3+ in the cubic field of CaF2 is reported. The striking features of the spectrum are two strong sharp lines at 10 384.759 and 10 377.039 cm—1 at 4.2°K. The position of the two lines and their separation was measured as a function of the temperature. The line shape is Lorentzian. The possible position of the various Stark levels of the ground state is discussed.
Untersuchungen über die Reaktion von Diazoniumsalzen mit Sulfit (1959)

Abstract Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten für die Reaktion des Diazoniumions zum syn ‐Sulfonat wurden an 8 Diazoniumsalzen gemessen. Die Ergebnisse erfüllen die HAMMETT‐Beziehung. Für 3 Diazoniumsalze wurde die Isomerisierung und die Reduktion des syn ‐ und anti ‐Sulfonats gemessen.
Tell Me Where You Are and I’ll Tell You What You Want: Using Location Data to Improve Marketing Decisions (2016)

Abstract Location data has become more and more accessible. Smartphone applications such as location-based services collect location data on a large scale. Up to now, most approaches have relied on past data, but new developments in machine learning and artificial intelligence will soon enable more dynamic real-time use of location data. Companies that embrace these technologies will be able to create competitive advantages. Location data offers great potential to improve a variety of marketing decisions such as targeted pricing and advertising, store locations and in-store layout. Location based advertising is currently the most common application. It allows targeting all customers within a certain distance of a store. Besides advertising, location data can be used for dynamic pricing decisions. Customers close to competitor’s locations can be charged a lower price for particular products via discounts in order to reduce switching costs. Indoor tracking can help to optimize store design or the positioning of categories and brands. Granular location data about consumers’ movements hence further allows for minimizing potential offline transaction costs based on the distances to stores.
FMR spectrum of magnetostatic waves in a normally magnetized YIG disk (1974)

The absorption of microwaves in a normally magnetized YIG disk has been measured and analyzed. The absorption peaks are interpreted to be caused by magnetostatic waves propagating radially across the disk. The mode numbers of absorption peaks are determined by the aspect ratio of the disk, (ω/γ)2−Hi2 and BiHi −(ω/γ)2, where ω is the microwave angular frequency, γ is the gyromagnetic ratio, and Hi and Bi are internal magnetic fields and depend upon the applied magnetic field. The experimental values of the applied magnetic field at which the absorption peaks are caused are in good agreement with the theoretical values. It has been verified both theoretically and experimentally that the new mode absorptions due to the magnetostatic waves exist in the case of ω/γ−[Bi(0)Hi(0)]1/2 =dH &gt; 0, where Bi(0) and Hi(0) are the internal fields at the disk center. These new mode abosrption peaks tend to shift toward the cutoff point of the usual absorption spectra as the incident microwave power is increased.
Everything You Want to Know About Pointer-Based Checking (2015)

Lack of memory safety in C/C++ has resulted in numerous security vulnerabilities and serious bugs in large software systems. This paper highlights the challenges in enforcing memory safety for C/C++ programs and progress made as part of the SoftBoundCETS project. We have been exploring memory safety enforcement at various levels - in hardware, in the compiler, and as a hardware-compiler hybrid - in this project. Our research has identified that maintaining metadata with pointers in a disjoint metadata space and performing bounds and use-after-free checking can provide comprehensive memory safety. We describe the rationale behind the design decisions and its ramifications on various dimensions, our experience with the various variants that we explored in this project, and the lessons learned in the process. We also describe and analyze the forthcoming Intel Memory Protection Extensions (MPX) that provides hardware acceleration for disjoint metadata and pointer checking in mainstream hardware, which is expected to be available later this year.
CPS: Class-level 6D Pose and Shape Estimation From Monocular Images (2020)

Contemporary monocular 6D pose estimation methods can only cope with a handful of object instances. This naturally limits possible applications as, for instance, robots need to work with hundreds of different objects in a real environment. In this paper, we propose the first deep learning approach for class-wise monocular 6D pose estimation, coupled with metric shape retrieval. We propose a new loss formulation which directly optimizes over all parameters, i.e. 3D orientation, translation, scale and shape at the same time. Instead of decoupling each parameter, we transform the regressed shape, in the form of a point cloud, to 3D and directly measure its metric misalignment. We experimentally demonstrate that we can retrieve precise metric point clouds from a single image, which can also be further processed for e.g. subsequent rendering. Moreover, we show that our new 3D point cloud loss outperforms all baselines and gives overall good results despite the inherent ambiguity due to monocular data.