gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negative scenarios for implied scenario elicitation (2002)

Scenario-based specifications such as Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) are popular for requirement elicitation and specification. MSCs describe two distinct aspects of a system: on the one hand they provide examples of intended system behaviour and on the other they outline the system architecture. A mismatch between architecture and behaviour may give rise to implied scenarios. Implied scenarios occur because a component's local view of the system state is insufficient to enforce specified system behaviour. An implied scenario indicates a gap in the MSC specification that needs to be clarified. It may simply mean that an acceptable scenario has been overlooked and should be added to the scenario specification. Alternatively, it may represent an unacceptable behaviour which should be documented and avoided in the final implementation. Thus implied scenarios can be used to iteratively drive requirements elicitation. However, in order to do so, tools for coping with rejected implied scenarios are needed. The contributions of this paper are twofold. Firstly, we define a language for describing negative scenarios. Secondly, we complement existing implied scenario detection methods with techniques for accommodating negative scenarios.
Decreased Dependence on Receptor Recognition for the Fusion Promotion Activity of L289A-Mutated Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein Correlates with a Monoclonal Antibody-Detected Conformational Change (2004)

It has been shown that the L289A-mutated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) protein gains the ability to promote fusion of Cos-7 cells independent of the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein and exhibits a 50% enhancement in HN-dependent fusion over wild-type (wt) F protein. Here, we show that HN-independent fusion by L289A-F is not exhibited in BHK cells or in several other cell lines. However, similar to the results in Cos-7 cells, the mutated protein plus HN does promote 50 to 70% more fusion above wt levels in all of the cell lines tested. L289A-F protein exhibits the same specificity as the wt F protein for the homologous HN protein, as well as NDV-human parainfluenza virus 3 HN chimeras. The mutated F protein promotes fusion more effectively than the wt when it is coexpressed with either the chimeras or HN proteins deficient in receptor recognition activity. In addition, its fusogenic activity is significantly more resistant to removal of sialic acid on target cells. These findings are consistent with the demonstration that L289A-F interacts more efficiently with wt and mutated HN proteins than does wt F by a cell surface coimmunoprecipitation assay. Taken together, these findings indicate that L289A-F promotes fusion by a mechanism analogous to that of the wt protein with respect to the HN-F interaction but is less dependent on the attachment activity of HN. The phenotype of the mutated F protein correlates with a conformational change in the protein detectable by two different monoclonal antibodies. This conformational change may reflect a destabilization of F structure induced by the L289A substitution, which may in turn indicate a lower energy requirement for fusion activation.
Expression of heat‐stable antigen on tumor cells provides co‐stimulation for tumor‐specific T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in mice (1995)

Heat-stable antigen (HSA/J11d/possibly homologous to CD24), a cell adhesion molecule capable of providing a co-stimulatory signal for T cell proliferation, is expressed on B cells, activated T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, Langerhans cells and thymocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that co-stimulatory signals provided by cell adhesion molecules such as B7-1 play an essential role in generation of an anti-tumor immune response. To examine whether the co-stimulatory signal provided by HSA can induce an anti-tumor immune response, we have transfected HSA cDNA into the murine melanoma cell line K1735M2, and examined the ability of this transfected cell line to induce tumor-specific T cell responses. The results demonstrate that spleen cells from mice immunized with HSA-transfected K1735M2 cells showed enhanced T cell proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte tumor reaction (MLTR) assay and also demonstrated a significant anti-tumor cytotoxicity to the parent tumor cell (K1735M2). This anti-tumor cytolytic activity could be abrogated by pretreatment of effector cells with anti-mouse CD8 monoclonal antibody and complement. Under similar conditions, spleen cells from C3H mice immunized with vector-transfected K1735M2 cells neither actively proliferate in an MLTR assay, nor did they exert significant cytolytic activity against the respective tumor cells. In summary, our study demonstrated that HSA can provide a co-stimulatory signal for the T cell immune response against tumor cells in a murine model.
Effects of dietary restriction on hematopoietic stem-cell aging are genetically regulated (2007)

Diminished stem-cell functions with age may be a major cause of anemias and other defects. Unfortunately, treatments that increase stem-cell function can also increase the incidence of cancers. Lifelong dietary restriction (DR) is known to decrease spontaneous cancers and lengthen lifespan. This study examines the effect of DR on the ability of bone marrow cells to repopulate irradiated recipients and produce erythrocytes and lymphocytes. In BALB/cByJ (BALB) mice, repopulating abilities decline with age; DR ameliorates this trend. In C57BL/6J (B6) and (BALB x B6) F1 hybrid (F1) mice, repopulating abilities increase with age; DR maintains this increase. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers are highly variable in aged BALB mice; however, the observed loss of marrow function results from a major loss in repopulating ability per HSC. DR greatly ameliorates this loss of function with age. In contrast, function per HSC in B6 mice is affected neither by age nor by DR. Thus, DR increases or maintains increased marrow repopulating ability with age in the 3 different genotypes tested, but effects on function per HSC depend on genotype. That DR increases or maintains stem-cell function with age, while decreasing cancer, has far-reaching health implications.
Investigation of the hermeticity of BCB-sealed cavities for housing (RF-)MEMS devices (2003)

This paper reports on the hermeticity testing of MEMS cavities using BCB as the sealing and bonding material. Hermeticity has been tested according to the MIL-STD-883D. Gross leak testing based on liquid fluorocarbons revealed that BCB sealed cavities are leak tight, which means that the MEMS devices are well protected during handling and back-end processing (e.g., wafer dicing). Further, it is shown that the He fine leak testing of the MIL-STD is not fully applicable to small volumes (<1000 nl), typically encountered for MEMS. The problem is that the undefined regime normally existing in the MIL-STD is largely extended for small cavity volumes. Microbolometers have been used as test vehicles to confirm this. Large (>10,000 nl) cavities are needed to cover the entire leakage spectrum.
Submerged Combustion Melting of Glass (2011)

Advances in tank melter, refractory, controls, and heat source technology have paralleled progress in glass chemistry, quality, and production scale for decades. These same advances have also led to a revival of the 75‐year‐old concept of bottom heating for glass melting. To create high‐intensity heat transfer and rapid melt homogenization, bottom heating, or submerged combustion melting, uses forced convection and direct contact heat transfer. The work of European, American, and Ukranian scientists has demonstrated that bottom heating offers energy savings, emissions reductions, and cost savings relative to conventional melting. Recent work by the Gas Technology Institute of the United States, in partnership with a consortium of glass companies, has advanced the bottom heating technology for a number of glass products to the brink of commercialization. With ongoing work a practical, rapid refining process could be developed to enable bottom melting as an alternative melting approach for a broad range of commercial glasses.
Polymerization in Polymerizable Vesicle Bilayer Membranes (2000)

Polymerization reactions in lyotropic liquid crystalline phases have opened the way to the development of many novel materials. Inter alia, the two-dimensional self-assembly of amphiphiles in vesicle bilayers has attracted considerable interest as an ordered reaction medium. In this study we follow three different routes to polymerize within vesicle bilayer membranes with a view to preparing novel vesicle−polymer colloids. First, we study the vesicle formation and the polymerization of functional amphiphiles carrying one or two styryl groups. A combination of characterization techniques gives insights into bilayer properties, polymerization kinetics, and vesicle morphology of these (polymerized) vesicles. On the basis of this reference system, we explore the copolymerization of monomers inserted in the matrix of polymerizable amphiphiles. On the basis of kinetic and morphological data we prove that the copolymerization is viable if the polymerizable moieties are adequately chosen with respect to reactivity and location within the amphiphile matrix. Extremely deformed, albeit stable, vesicles are induced by cross-linking inserted monomers with monofunctional amphiphiles. In a last step, we attempt the synthesis of two-dimensional interpenetrating networks employing the previously polymerized amphiphile networks as templates. The cross-linking of divinylbenzene within cross-linked membranes affords peculiar orange-skin-like bilayer morphologies and gives evidence of the feasibility of the concept. Throughout the study, cryogenic electron microscopy appears as an indispensable means to unravel the morphology of the obtained vesicle−polymer architectures.
Outlier rejection for autonomous acoustic navigation (2002)

Navigation is a critical requirement for the operation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In this paper we present acoustic navigation results for the Odyssey II AUV obtained by using a Kalman filter that integrates dead-reckoning with acoustic range measurements made to an array of acoustic beacons pre-deployed in the operating environment. Because spurious acoustic measurements due to multipath propagation are common, initialization and outlier rejection techniques are addressed. The navigation algorithm has been extensively tested by post-processing of real data acquired by Odyssey II during field operations in a variety of environments. These include the Charles River Basin, the Atlantic Ocean (1.5 km off the Florida coast), and the Pacific Ocean (375 km off the Oregon coast). Our results show improved performance over prior techniques based exclusively on fix computation and dead reckoning.
Oxidizer Flow Effects on the Flammability of Solid Combustibles (2001)

A study is presented on the effect of oxidizer flow characteristics on the piloted ignition and opposed flame spread of a slab of PMMA heated by an external radiant flux. The objective is to establish the basis for a potential new lest method that may be used to determine the flammability performance of solid materials in terms of their ignition delay, critical heat flux for ignition, and flame-spread rate, for varied oxidizer flow conditions. The proposed Forced-flow Ignition and flame-Spread Test (FIST) follows the concepts of the LIFT (ASTM E 1321-93), and thus consists of a combination of ignition delay and flame spread experiments as a function of an externally applied radiant flux, but incorporates controlled forced convection as the predominant mechanism for the gas-phase transport of heat and mass. PMMA slabs were tested to assess the applicability of the methodology, and results are presented for radiant fluxes ranging from 0 to 35 kW/m2, forced oxidizer flow velocities of 1.0, 1.75, and 2.5 m/s. and natural convection. Results of the variation of ignition delay as a function of free stream oxygen concentration (18 to 45%) are also presented. Following the LIFT methodology, the ignition delay and flame spread data are used to assemble flammability diagrams for PMMA at different oxidizer flow velocities. Additional natural convection tests were performed in the LIFT apparatus with the purpose of establishing a base line for comparison of results. It is shown that the resulting FIST and LIFT flammability diagrams are similar. However, the diagrams as well as the parameters extracted from them depend on the oxidizer flow velocity, resulting in families of flow-dependent flammability diagrams. As a result of the use of forced convection, it is considered that the FIST is suitable for characterizing solid material flammability in mixed regimes ranging from natural to predominantly forced convection, and at different oxygen concentrations. This could provide a means to more accurately rank the relative flammability of solid combustible materials that would be used in environments where the oxidizer flow differs from air in natural convection, such as areas with significant air currents, vitiated environments, or microgravity applications (space based facilities).
Site Differences in Insulin Receptor Binding and Insulin Action in Subcutaneous Fat of Obese Females* (1983)

Regional differences in insulin-induced sc adipose tissue metabolism in 7 weight-stable obese women were investigated. Insulin receptor binding to isolated fat cells and the effects of insulin on glucose oxidation and lipolysis in adipose tissue segments obtained from abdominal and femoral regions were determined. The mean dose-response relationships for the antilipolytic effect of insulin were almost identical in both regions; the half-maximum effect (ED50) was obtained with 100 microU/ml, and the maximum effect (responsiveness) was a decrease of about 7 mumol glycerol/10(7) cells X 2 h. The mean insulin dose-response curves for glucose oxidation differed; the ED50 was 100 microU/ml in femoral and 300 microU/ml in abdominal adipose tissue (P less than 0.01), and responsiveness was enhanced 2-fold in femoral fat (P less than 0.01). Insulin receptor number was higher in femoral than in abdominal adipocytes (600,000 and 250,000 sites/cell, respectively; P less than 0.01). However, the apparent insulin receptor affinity was increased 2- to 3-fold in abdominal fat cells. The ED50 for insulin stimulation of glucose utilization occurred at a higher level of receptor occupancy in abdominal than in femoral fat. Thus, significant regional differences in insulin binding and insulin action were found in sc fat depots in obese women. Differences at the postreceptor rather than at the receptor level are probably responsible for the enhanced insulin-induced glucose utilization in femoral fat.
DRES-02. CILIARY PROTEIN ARL13B PROMOTES CHEMORESISTANCE BY MODULATE GLIOBLASTOMA PURINE BIOSYNTHESIS (2018)

Glioblastoma (GBM) carries with it an almost 100% recurrence rate due to development of resistance to all conventional therapies. Our lab has demonstrated ARL13B, an ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein critical for cilia formation, plays an important role in promoting resistance to temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy. Knockdown of ARL13B in patient derived xenograft cells significantly increased survival of mice in an orthotropic GBM model when compared to controls (p<0.0001).The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset demonstrates time to recurrence in patients with downregulated ARL13B is substantially increased as compared to ARL13B upregulated patients (log-rank p-value=0.0012).To better understand the role of ARL13B in therapeutic adaptation we performed mass spectrometry analysis of an ARL13B pulldown during TMZ therapy and identified inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), the rate-limiting enzyme in de-novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, as a significant binding partner of ARL13B during TMZ chemotherapy (p<0.0001). Immunoprecipitation analysis across multiple GBM cell lines validated this interaction and its increase during TMZ therapy. Probing this interaction further we examined the de novo and salvage purine biosynthesis pathways using radiolabeled carbon tracing experiments. In ARL13B knockdown cells, purine salvage pathway usage is upregulated 7-fold (p<0.0001) while de-novo pathway usage was decreased about 50% (p=0.004) in a TMZ specific manner. Moreover, ARL13B knockdown GBM cells treated with TMZ show a robust increase in DNA double-strand breaks compared to control cells exposed to TMZ, demonstrated by γH2X staining. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that ARL13B is a novel regulator of IMPDH2 allowing GBM cells to block salvage pathway biosynthesis to avoid TMZ induced DNA damage. However, when ARL13B is lost, GBM cells are forced into salvage pathway synthesis thus becoming sensitized to TMZ therapy due to increased incorporation of alkylated purines, a known function of TMZ.
Energy-Efficient Traffic Grooming in 5G C-RAN Enabled Flexible Bandwidth Optical Networks (2017)

An energy-efficient grooming approach (EEGA) is proposed to save power consumption. For comparison, an existing energy-efficient approach without grooming (EEEA) is introduced. Simulation results show that EEGA reduces power consumption compared to EEEA.
Complete Switchgrass Genetic Maps Reveal Subgenome Collinearity, Preferential Pairing and Multilocus Interactions (2010)

Polyploidy is an important aspect of the evolution of flowering plants. The potential of gene copies to diverge and evolve new functions is influenced by meiotic behavior of chromosomes leading to segregation as a single locus or duplicated loci. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) linkage maps were constructed using a full-sib population of 238 plants and SSR and STS markers to access the degree of preferential pairing and the structure of the tetraploid genome and as a step toward identification of loci underlying biomass feedstock quality and yield. The male and female framework map lengths were 1645 and 1376 cM with 97% of the genome estimated to be within 10 cM of a mapped marker in both maps. Each map coalesced into 18 linkage groups arranged into nine homeologous pairs. Comparative analysis of each homology group to the diploid sorghum genome identified clear syntenic relationships and collinear tracts. The number of markers with PCR amplicons that mapped across subgenomes was significantly fewer than expected, suggesting substantial subgenome divergence, while both the ratio of coupling to repulsion phase linkages and pattern of marker segregation indicated complete or near complete disomic inheritance. The proportion of transmission ratio distorted markers was relatively low, but the male map was more extensively affected by distorted transmission ratios and multilocus interactions, associated with spurious linkages.
Research on the Textbook Selection Process in the United States of America: A Historical Review of Developments (2020)

The purpose of this article is to review published research literature about procedures used to select textbooks in the USA. The contents of books, collected works, reports and journal articles were analysed, and summaries of the contents were then organised chronologically to present a commentary on this topic. The results showed that procedures for selecting textbooks arose in the states in the late nineteenth century. By the early twentieth century, a balance between the numbers of states using state-level or local-level adoption procedures had been established, and a geographic pattern of northeastern and mid-western states using local-level adoption and south-eastern, southern and western states using state-level adoption had emerged. Although early studies researching this phenomenon were limited to tabulating various provisions in selection policies, more recent studies have identified important differences between groups operating within these two types. Research examining the intent of state-level adoption has identified that its practice is most closely associated with controlling the cost of textbooks. Other research suggests that large state-level adoption states influence the content of textbooks used across the USA. Research examining this phenomenon at the local level has identified complexity and diversity among selection procedures, but failed to find a typical pattern from these data. Research comparing the differences and effects between local-level selection procedures in state-level and local-level adoption states has identified that the only significant effect is related to the cost of textbooks.
( <scp> <i>R</i> </scp> )‐(+)‐3,4‐Dimethylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one (2005)

Abstract (2 R ,5 R )‐(+)‐ trans ‐Dihydrocarvone Copper(II) acetate monohydrate Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate R‐(+)‐6‐Methoxycyclo‐2‐en‐1‐one Methyllithium‐lithium bromide (6 R )‐(+)‐1,6‐Dimethylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ol Pyridinium chlorochromate
Human C-Reactive Protein Increases Cerebral Infarct Size after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Adult Rats (2004)

Human C-reactive protein (CRP), the classic acute phase plasma protein, increases in concentration after myocardial infarction and stroke. Human CRP binds to ligands exposed in damaged tissue and can then activate complement and its proinflammatory functions. In contrast, rat CRP, which binds to similar ligands, does not activate complement. In the present study, systemic complement depletion with cobra venom factor in adult rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion did not affect cerebral infarct size, indicating that circulating complement does not contribute to injury in this model. However, we have previously reported that administration of human CRP to rats undergoing coronary artery ligation caused a marked increase in size of the resulting myocardial infarction, associated with codeposition of human CRP and rat complement in the infarcts. In the present study, we show that adult rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and then treated with human CRP similarly developed significantly larger cerebral infarcts compared with control subjects receiving human serum albumin. Human CRP can thus contribute to ischemic tissue damage in the brain as well as in the heart, and inhibition of CRP binding may therefore be a promising target for tissue protective acute therapeutic intervention in stroke as well as in myocardial infarction.
Using Emerging Technologies for Hardware Security Beyond PUFs (2016)

We discuss how the unique I–V characteristics offered by emerging, post-CMOS transistors can be used to enhance hardware security. Different from most existing work that exploits emerging technologies for hardware security, we (i) focus on transistor characteristics that either do not exist in, or are difficult to duplicate with MOSFETs, and (ii) aim to move beyond hardware implementations of physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and random number generators (RNGs).