gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal ABCA1 directly contributes to HDL biogenesis in vivo (2006)

Plasma HDL cholesterol levels are inversely related to risk for atherosclerosis. The ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1) mediates the rate-controlling step in HDL particle formation, the assembly of free cholesterol and phospholipids with apoA-I. ABCA1 is expressed in many tissues; however, the physiological functions of ABCA1 in specific tissues and organs are still elusive. The liver is known to be the major source of plasma HDL, but it is likely that there are other important sites of HDL biogenesis. To assess the contribution of intestinal ABCA1 to plasma HDL levels in vivo, we generated mice that specifically lack ABCA1 in the intestine. Our results indicate that approximately 30% of the steady-state plasma HDL pool is contributed by intestinal ABCA1 in mice. In addition, our data suggest that HDL derived from intestinal ABCA1 is secreted directly into the circulation and that HDL in lymph is predominantly derived from the plasma compartment. These data establish a critical role for intestinal ABCA1 in plasma HDL biogenesis in vivo.
A Practical Guide to MR Imaging Safety: What Radiologists Need to Know (2015)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can provide critical diagnostic and anatomic information while avoiding the use of ionizing radiation, but it has a unique set of safety risks associated with its reliance on large static and changing magnetic fields, high-powered radiofrequency coil systems, and exogenous contrast agents. It is crucial for radiologists to understand these risks and how to mitigate them to protect themselves, their colleagues, and their patients from avoidable harm and to comply with safety regulations at MR imaging sites. Basic knowledge of MR imaging physics and hardware is necessary for radiologists to understand the origin of safety regulations and to avoid common misconceptions that could compromise safety. Each of the components of the MR imaging unit can be a factor in injuries to patients and personnel. Safety risks include translational force and torque, projectile injury, excessive specific absorption rate, burns, peripheral neurostimulation, interactions with active implants and devices, and acoustic injury. Standards for MR imaging device safety terminology were first issued in 2005 and are required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with devices labeled as "MR safe," "MR unsafe," or "MR conditional." MR imaging contrast agent safety is also discussed. Additional technical and safety policies relate to pediatric, unconscious, incapacitated, or pregnant patients and pregnant imaging personnel. Division of the MR imaging environment into four distinct, clearly labeled zones--with progressive restriction of entry and increased supervision for higher zones--is a mandatory and key aspect in avoidance of MR imaging-related accidents. All MR imaging facilities should have a documented plan to handle emergencies within zone IV, including cardiac arrest or code, magnet quench, and fires. Policies from the authors' own practice are provided for additional reference. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Suppression of the Floating-Body Effect of Vertical-Cell DRAM With the Buried Body Engineering Method (2018)

Recently, new dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) structures have been used to sharply reduce chip size. One of these is vertical-cell DRAM that has the advantage of reducing the chip area by 33% compared with the conventional cell DRAM. However, since the bitline is made in Si trenches, it can cause a floating-body effect, which increases the OFF current. Here, we suggest the buried body engineering method as a simple way to deal with these disadvantages without changing the materials. This method significantly improved the electrical performance in comparison with the conventional buried contact. Especially, the OFF current, which is the most important factor influencing the refresh time, was dramatically reduced by a factor of 63. The reason for this dramatic decrease in the OFF current is that the holes accumulated in the body are removed immediately, and they do not generate a parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) action. We also calculated the hole density using simulations and obtained the junction depth that suppresses the floating-body effect. Above all, we provide advanced insight into the mechanism of the parasitic BJT action due to the floating-body effect that occurs at the bottom contact region of vertical-cell DRAM.
Tissue Factor, Its Inhibitor, and the Thrombogenicity of Two New Synthetic Membranes (2005)

The AN69ST and Helixone membranes do not differ in their effects on TF and TFPI or even in established thrombogenicity markers.
Renter Households Face Trade-offs When Choosing Amenities or Price (2019)

Choosing where to live is a complex decision that could have long-term consequences for social and economic mobility.
Enabling real-time charging for smart grid infrastructures using in-memory databases (2010)

The emerging trend towards smart grids defines new requirements for designing enterprise applications for the energy market. Current solutions were built to process single billing runs as time-consuming batch jobs. Rather than processing some readings per year and household, a constant stream of meter readings has to be processed in context of a smart power grid. Additionally, consumers demand for convenient ways to monitor power consumption while getting real-time charging information on a daily basis. In this paper, we share our experiences of integrating meter readings in an industry-specific enterprise application for utilities to support real-time billing. Our prototype enables customers to track consumptions and to view billing details online. Besides, we discuss new business scenarios enabled by this real-timeliness.
Characterization of the gene structure, functional significance, and clinical application of <i>RNF180</i>, a novel gene in gastric cancer (2011)

RNF180 is a novel potential tumor suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis and has potential clinical utility as a biomarker for gastric cancer patients.
Single-mode laser with a continuously variable pulse duration (1972)

A description is given of a single-mode neodymium-glass laser with a continuously variable duration of the output pulses (in the 40?80 nsec range). A KDP crystal is used in the resonator of this laser. A theoretical analysis of the operation of this laser is given.
Field results demonstrate reliability gains through improved cooling (2002)

The principle that improved cooling enhances the reliability of electronic equipment has long been accepted. Recently, questions have been raised concerning improved cooling and the expected magnitude of reliability gains. A recently completed analyses of operational results, comparing avionic reliability achieved on F-15 aircraft under significantly different cooling conditions, shows cooling-related reliability gains that exceeded predictions. The study was conducted by MDA F-15 engineering personnel under a contract awarded by the Air Force (WR-ALC/LFEFF). F-15E aircraft are equipped with an ECS package that produces 40/spl deg/F inlet temperatures for forced air cooled equipment. Heat loads and flow rates are such that average equipment exhaust temperatures are 115/spl deg/F. The corresponding temperatures created by the ECS package in the F-15C/D aircraft are 85/spl deg/F and 124/spl deg/F, respectively, resulting in mean equipment temperatures that are 27/spl deg/F higher than experienced on the F-15E aircraft. Seventeen forced air cooled electronic Line Removable Units (LRUs), common to both the F-15E and F-15C/D aircraft were selected for a performance comparison. Reliability performance was measured using Mean Time Between Maintenance-Type 1 (MTBM-1) in Flight Hours, as reported by Air force field data systems. The data from several bases cover a one year period. The F-15E equipment, which benefits from improved cooling, showed an aggregate MTBM-1 that was forty four percent (44%) better than that achieved by the F-15C/D equipment. These measured results, attributable to better cooling, met or exceeded predicted improvements in reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Live Music Concert Attendees (2015)

Consumers purchase a product or service expecting certain benefits from it in order to satisfy a particular need. This research tried to identify these needs by measuring motivation, satisfaction and loyalty among concert attenders. As assumed the results helped in identifying what factors and motives are the main influencers of concert attendance. The analyses resulted in a model consisting of eight different variables which, together, are able to predict concert attendance with an accuracy of 85% (it correctly classifies 85% of concert attenders). The model includes travel time, two motivations (knowledge enrichment and acquiring a new/original experience), four factors contributing to the degree of satisfaction (wardrobe, sound quality, bar service and helpfulness and friendliness of the staff) and one indicator of loyalty (repurchase intention). It can be concluded that for each concert venue it is important to keep track of why people attend concerts at their venue and how they evaluate the overall experience. This will help the venues in improving their marketing strategies and their services in order to increase the attendance rate.
A Practical Approach to Hard Disk Failure Prediction in Cloud Platforms: Big Data Model for Failure Management in Datacenters (2016)

Large scale cloud platforms can benefit from a service that runs a machine learning model to predict disk drive failures. Unlike previous studies in this space, we have combined multiple data inputs for the model and obtained a better model performance compared to earlier published models. In this paper we explain how we developed and deployed the predictive model in a large scale cloud service. To build the model, we used a combination of two open data sources - Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T or SMART) data and Windows performance counters. The nature of both these data sources is different and complex. The paper provides unique ways of parsing and transforming the data to make it most suited for a classification problem. Trails with different machine learning (ML) and statistical modeling techniques led us to the best performing two-stage ensemble model. We implemented this model to be configurable such that it could be deployed on large scale distributed cloud management systems and iterated on with minimal code impact. We provide a glimpse of the complex cloud hardware ecosystem and how a predictive model would impact such an ecosystem. Although our study focused on hard disk drives, we believe a similar modeling approach can apply to other hardware components as well. A successfully executed hard disk failure prediction model can pre-empt negative impact to client workloads and improve the economics of running a large scale cloud service. We provide the details of our model as a possible template for future extensions and improvements towards building more robust hardware fault prediction services. Finally we give a staged approach to operationalizing the model in large scale cloud systems.
Global analysis of patterns of gene expression during Drosophilaembryogenesis (2007)

Nearly 60% of the genes with detectable expression exhibit broad patterns reflecting quantitative rather than qualitative differences between tissues. The other 40% show tissue-restricted expression; the expression patterns of over 1,500 of these genes are documented here for the first time. Within each of these categories, we identified clusters of genes associated with particular cellular and developmental functions.
A Microfluidic Device for Wear Detection in Lubricants (2008)

We present the design, fabrication and testing of a microfluidic device for metal wear detection in lubrication oils. The detection is based upon the capacitance Coulter counting principle, that is, on the change in a microchannel’s capacitance caused by the presence of a metal particle in the microchannel. Preliminary testing on the microfluidic device using 20 μm aluminum particles has demonstrated the feasibility of using this microfluidic device for detection and counting of micro metal particles in non conductive lubricant oil. This microfluidic device is promising for online oil debris detection by the use of multiple detection microfluidic channels.
The Endangered Species Act and Fifth Amendment Takings: Constitutional Limits Of Species Protection (1998)

In a political climate increasingly sensitive to the property owners' rights to be free from regulatory intrusions by the federal government, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) has become a popular symbolic target for property rights advocates. This Article suggests that the ESA is a far less significant threat to private property owners than is often supposed. First, the Supreme Court's takings jurisprudence protects property owners from excessive ESA enforcement by influencing the way in which environmental regulations are drafted and implemented. Second, the ESA itself contains provisions embodying the Fifth Amendment guarantee against uncompensated takings. The Article demonstrates that as the Court has become more willing to find regulatory takings in recent years, the ESA has been administered with increasing regard to the protection of private property.
Curves and surfaces in geometric design (1994)

This volume documents the results and presentations, related to aspects of geometric design, of the Second International Conference on Curves and Surfaces, held in Chamonix in 1993. The papers represent directions for future research and development in many areas of application. From the table of contents: - Object Oriented Spline Software - An Introduction to Pade Approximations - Zonoidal Surfaces - Projective Blossoms and Derivatives - Piecewise Polynomial Approximation of Spheres - A Geometrical Approach to Interpolation on Quadric Surfaces
Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factors, and the Skeleton (2008)

GH and IGF-I are important regulators of bone homeostasis and are central to the achievement of normal longitudinal bone growth and bone mass. Although GH may act directly on skeletal cells, most of its effects are mediated by IGF-I, which is present in the systemic circulation and is synthesized by peripheral tissues. The availability of IGF-I is regulated by IGF binding proteins. IGF-I enhances the differentiated function of the osteoblast and bone formation. Adult GH deficiency causes low bone turnover osteoporosis with high risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures, and the low bone mass can be partially reversed by GH replacement. Acromegaly is characterized by high bone turnover, which can lead to bone loss and vertebral fractures, particularly in patients with coexistent hypogonadism. GH and IGF-I secretion are decreased in aging individuals, and abnormalities in the GH/IGF-I axis play a role in the pathogenesis of the osteoporosis of anorexia nervosa and after glucocorticoid exposure.
Fullerenes as precursors for diamond film growth without hydrogen or oxygen additions (1993)

Diamond films are predominantly grown using one percent or so of a hydrocarbon precursor in hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is generally believed to be necessary for the diamond thin film growth process. However, hydrogen in varying amounts is inevitably incorporated in the growing diamond lattice, leading to structural defects. The authors report here for the first time the successful growth of diamond films using fullerene precursors in an argon microwave plasma, a unique development achieved without the addition of hydrogen or oxygen. It is speculated that collisional fragmentation of C{sub 60} to give C{sub 2} could be responsible for the high growth rate of the very fine grained diamond films.
Role of the Side Chain in the Phase Segregation of Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Composites (2013)

The correlation between the geometrical structural change in push-pull π-conjugated polymers and the formation of phase segregation in their bulk heterojunction (BHJ) composite films is investigated. When substituted with large alkyl side chains, the polymer wires experience serious conformational distortion by increasing the torsion energy of dihedral angles along the backbone and undergo large-scale phase segregation in the BHJ composites. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Azeotropic Mixture of Acetylene and Ethane at Atmospheric Pressure (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Azeotropic Mixture of Acetylene and Ethane at Atmospheric PressureWallace A. McMillanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 8, 1345Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01299a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01299a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Estimation of Tire Stiffness (2016)

A tire is an essential part on a vehicle. Different tires have different properties, and one of them is the longitudinal stiffness of the tire. Tire stiffness can be explained by modelling the tire as small thread compounds. These small thread compounds will have contact with the surface and will contain one adhesion and one sliding region. The slip is the motion of the thread compounds relative to the surface. The forces that act on the thread compounds are divided by slip and this is defined as tire stiffness. This thesis presents a method to estimate the tire stiffness in real-time. By using different algorithms, such as Recursive Least Squares and Least Mean Square, a good approximation of the tire stiffness can be achieved.
Technique Paper for Wet-Spinning Poly(L-lactic acid) and Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) Monofilament Fibers (2003)

A simple and repeatable method is described for wet-spinning poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) monofilament fibers. These fibers are strong, elastic, and suitable for many applications, including use as tissue-engineering scaffolds. The PLLA wet-extruded fibers do not show additional strain-induced crystallization as a result of drawing the fibers during fabrication; however, there is an apparent increase in crystallinity late in the degradation process in saline at 37 degrees C. We have measured the molecular weight degradation in saline at 37 degrees C for fibers of both PLLA and PLGA. Changing solvent systems, polymer blends, and winding rates alters mechanical and morphological properties of these fibers for specific applications. The authors discuss a possible theoretical explanation for these observed changes due to changes in polymer concentration, solvent system, and coagulation bath properties. This wet-extrusion process is simple and inexpensive enough to be carried out in almost any laboratory interested in tissue engineering.
OFA: Opportunistic forwarding and acknowledgement for vehicular ad hoc networks (2011)

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), providing a multi-hop communication is challenging due to the vehicle movement and lossy feature of wireless channel. Opportunistic routing provides an alternative solution with its utilization of the broadcast nature of wireless communication and the diversity of packet reception. However, most of opportunistic routing protocols specify the forwarding nodes at the sender side and therefore the opportunism cannot be fully utilized. Moreover, existing opportunistic routing protocols cannot provide a high reliability because of the lack of efficient packet reception check mechanism. In this paper, we propose OFA, an opportunistic forwarding and acknowledgement protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. OFA performs both data forwarding and acknowledgement by taking advantage of multiuser diversity and route opportunism. In OFA, the forwarder node selection occurs at receiver nodes. An intermediate node is selected opportunistically to acknowledge the sender on the behalf the forwarder node when the forwarder node cannot communicate with the sender node directly. The proposed protocol can fully utilize the path diversity and also can provide hop-by-hop reliability.
Analysis, Isolation, and Activation of Antigen-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells by Soluble MHC-Peptide Complexes (2013)

T cells constitute the core of adaptive cellular immunity and protect higher organisms against pathogen infections and cancer. Monitoring of disease progression as well as prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapies call for conclusive detection, analysis, and sorting of antigen-specific T cells. This is possible by means of soluble recombinant ligands for T cells, i.e., MHC class I-peptide (pMHC I) complexes for CD8(+) T cells and MHC class II-peptide (pMHC II) complexes for CD4(+) T cells and flow cytometry. Here we review major developments in the development of pMHC staining reagents and their diverse applications and discuss perspectives of their use for basic and clinical investigations.
αβ and γδ T cell receptors: Similar but different (2020)

There are 2 populations of T lymphocytes, αβ T and γδ T cells, that can be distinguished by the expression of either an αβ TCR or a γδ TCR, respectively. Pairing of the Ag binding heterodimer, which consists of TCR-α/TCR-β (TCRαβ) or TCR-γ/TCR-δ (TCRγδ), with proteins of the CD3 complex forms the complete αβ or γδ TCR. Despite some similarities in the structure of TCRαβ and TCRγδ and the shared subunits of the CD3 complex, the 2 receptors differ in important aspects. These include the assembly geometry of the complex, the glycosylation pattern, the plasma membrane organization, as well as the accessibility of signaling motifs in the CD3 intracellular tails. These differences are reflected in the different demands and outcomes of ligand-induced signaling. It was shown that exposure of the proline-rich sequence (PRS) in CD3ε occurs with all activating αβ TCR ligands and is required to induce αβ TCR signaling. In sharp contrast, CD3ε PRS exposure was not induced by binding of those ligands to the γδ TCR that have been studied. Further, signaling by the γδ TCR occurs independently of CD3ε PRS exposure. Interestingly, it can be enhanced by anti-CD3ε Ab-induced enforcement of CD3ε PRS exposure. This review contrasts these two similar, but different immune receptors.