gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulating nonuniform lossy lines with frequency dependent parameters by the method of characteristics (2002)

A method of characteristics solution of a nonuniform transmission line having frequency-dependent per-unit-length parameters is formulated. The method, in general, requires the use of FFT to incorporate the frequency-dependent components of the distributed parameters in the time-domain equations. For skin-effect frequency-dependence, an analytical technique to avoid the use of FFT is presented. Also, a formula for estimating the discretization error is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selected properties of iron aluminides (1994)

Important properties of iron aluminides have been compiled in order to help engineers and scientists to be able to quickly assess this materials system. This compilation is by no means exhaustive, but it represents a reasonable first effort to summarize the properties of iron aluminides. Considerable care has been, used in assembling the data into tables. However, no guarantee can be made that all the values compiled here are correct; and in case of doubt, or in order to obtain more detailed information, the original sources should always be consulted.
Review of the synthesis and properties of colloidal quantum dots: the evolving role of coordinating surface ligands (2012)

This review highlights the developments in synthetic methods for colloidal quantum dots that have expanded the range of achievable sizes, shapes, materials, and surface chemistries over the past 30 years, and how these methods have enabled optimization of properties like photoluminescence quantum yield, monodisperse size distributions, and conductivity in the solid state.
Quality control of surface-consistent deconvolution on land dynamite data (2015)

Abstract Seismic data with reliable amplitude and phase can significantly impact drilling programs by providing valuable descriptions of the reservoir and overburden, especially for complicated or subtle plays. Processing steps such as velocity tomography and amplitude-preserving migration are critical for producing high-quality seismic images, but equally important are surface-related premigration processing steps that can significantly alter seismic amplitude and phase information, such as deconvolution. During land dynamite seismic acquisition, source and receiver responses are affected by surface conditions and inhomogeneous weathering layers. For example, even with the exact charge size, the response from each shot can vary greatly as the medium around the charge changes. Receiver recordings are affected similarly by near-surface conditions. An improper correction or a lack of correction for near-surface anomalies during seismic preprocessing will reduce the subsurface resolution and negatively bias subsurface descriptions that are dependent on reliable amplitude and phase information. Surface-consistent deconvolution can help to attenuate surface-consistent biases. There are several ways to quality-control (QC) this processing step. Different consequences result from various choices of deconvolution parameters.
Protein biochip array technology to monitor rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

Summary In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) there are currently no good indicators to predict a clinical response to rituximab. The purpose of this study was to monitor and determine the role of peripheral blood cytokine profiling in differentiating between a good versus poor response to rituximab in RA. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 3 months from 46 RA patients who were treated with rituximab. Responders are defined by the presence of three of four American College of Rheumatology criteria: ≥ 20% decrease in C-reactive protein, visual analogical score of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and improvement of the disease activity score (28) (four values) by ≥ 1·2 obtained at 3 months. Twelve cytokines were measured from serum collected on days 0 and 90 by proteomic array, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-8, interferon-γ, IL-4, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, epidermal growth factor and vascular growth factor. We showed that C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels decrease significantly at 3 months in the responder group compared with baseline. At day 90 we identified a cytokine profile which differentiates responders and non-responders. High serum levels of two proinflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and epidermal growth factor, were significantly higher in the responder group at day 90 compared with non-responders. However, we were not able to identify a baseline cytokine profile predictive of a good response at 3 months. These findings suggest that cytokine profiling by proteomic analysis may be a promising tool for monitoring rituximab and may help in the future to identify responder RA patients.
Life-Threatening Arrhythmia Verification in ICU Patients Using the Joint Cardiovascular Dynamical Model and a Bayesian Filter (2011)

In this paper, a novel nonlinear joint dynamical model is presented, which is based on a set of coupled ordinary differential equations of motion and a Gaussian mixture model representation of pulsatile cardiovascular (CV) signals. In the proposed framework, the joint interdependences of CV signals are incorporated by assuming a unique angular frequency that controls the limit cycle of the heart rate. Moreover, the time consequence of CV signals is controlled by the same phase parameter that results in the space dimensionality reduction. These joint equations together with linear assignments to observation are further used in the Kalman filter structure for estimation and tracking. Moreover, we propose a measure of signal fidelity by monitoring the covariance matrix of the innovation signals throughout the filtering procedure. Five categories of life-threatening arrhythmias were verified by simultaneously tracking the signal fidelity and the polar representation of the CV signal estimations. We analyzed data from Physiobank multiparameter databases (MIMIC I and II). Performance evaluation results demonstrated that the sensitivity of the detection ranges over 93.50% and 100.00%. In particular, the addition of more CV signals improved the positive predictivity of the proposed method to 99.27% for the total arrhythmic types. The method was also used for false arrhythmia suppression issued by ICU monitors, with an overall false suppression rate reduced from 42.3% to 9.9%. In addition, false critical ECG arrhythmia alarm rates were found to be, on average, 42.3%, with individual rates varying between 16.7% and 86.5%. The results illustrate that the method can contribute to, and enhance the performance of clinical life-threatening arrhythmia detection.
Magnetoelectric ‘Spin’ on Stimulating the Brain (2015)

The study opens a pathway to use multifunctional nanoparticles to control intrinsic fields deep in the brain.
An area-of-interest based communication architecture for Shared Haptic Virtual Environments (2013)

Communication architectures conceived for Shared Haptic Virtual Environments (SHVEs) are based on either the client-server or the peer-to-peer paradigms. High-rate rendering and communication between collaborating users quickly leads to performance bottlenecks, if the virtual environment's size and complexity or the number of collaborating users increases. We propose a decentralized communication architecture for SHVEs, which exploits areas of interest (AoI) of a user to dynamically form smaller communication groups. High-rate information exchange following the client-server paradigm is used within these groups to support satisfactory haptic collaboration and consistency. A single group member is selected to simulate the object states and to relay this state to the other group members. Peer-to-peer inter-group communication is also used, based on spatial proximity, to further reduce the overall communication load. We implemented a prototype based on our proposed architecture and present some first evaluation results. They serve as a proof-of-concept and show the effectiveness of dynamic group maintenance in conjunction with additional traffic control schemes.
Evaluation of Corn Genotypes for Resistance to Aspergillus Ear Rot, Kernel Infection, and Aflatoxin Production (1995)

Campbell, K. W., and White, D. G. 1995. Evaluation of corn genotypes for resistance to Aspergillus ear rot, kernel infection, and aflatoxin production. Plant Dis. 79:1039-1045. Resistance of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids and inbreds to ear rot, kernel infection, and aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus was evaluated following inoculation. Thirty-five F 1 hybrids from crosses of selected inbreds with the susceptible inbreds B73 and/or Mo17 were evaluated for 3 years in Illinois. Fifteen of the F 1 hybrids also were evaluated in Mississippi. Resistant and susceptible inbreds per se also were evaluated for 2 years in Illinois. Inbreds Tex6, Y7, and Mp420, and the F 1 hybrids with these inbreds, consistently had the greatest resistance to Aspergillus ear rot, kernel infection, and aflatoxin production in the Illinois environment. Grain of the F 1 hybrids with these inbreds also had less aflatoxin in Mississippi. Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated that Aspergillus ear rot ratings provided a more accurate estimate of aflatoxin contamination of grain than did kernel infection. From evaluations of the F 1 hybrids and the inbred parents per se, inbreds were identified that may contain alleles for resistance not found in B73 and/or Mo17.
Channel Clustering and Probabilistic Channel Visiting Techniques for WLAN Interference Mitigation in Bluetooth Devices (2007)

Since Bluetooth and wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies both operate at the 2.4-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, the two types of devices may suffer from mutual interference and performance degradations. In this paper, we propose two new techniques, channel clustering and probabilistic channel visiting, to effectively improve the existing coexistence and interference mitigation mechanisms. The channel clustering technique employs statistical pattern recognition to classify the status of Bluetooth channels more accurately. The probabilistic channel visiting is used to more equitably allocate the channel resources between Bluetooth and WLAN devices. The effectiveness of these techniques is quantified by simulations. Results show that both techniques are beneficial in improving the performance of the existing mechanisms.
Chemical lasers (1972)

Recent experimental and theoretical advances in chemical laser research will be summarized. Various types of chemical lasers will be compared and promising areas for further research will be discussed. An outline summary of this presentation follows.
Conformation and activity in angiotensin II peptides (1981)

Abstract Angiotensin II and its competitive inhibitor [Sar 1 , Ile 8 ]‐angiotensin II, as well as several analogs of these two compounds specifically chosen for their well‐defined pharmacological properties, were studied by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance methods at various pH values in aqueous solution and in d 6 ‐dimethylsulfoxide. The results were compared with their biological activities. This allowed us to establish relationships between conformation and pressor activity, explaining most of the properties of angiotensin II, its inhibitor, and the analogs successively substituted in positions 3 and 5.
Sumatriptan nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine (1997)

Sumatriptan nasal spray may be particularly useful for patients whose nausea and vomiting preclude them from using oral migraine medication or for patients who prefer not to use an injectable migraine medication. The objective of this study was to evaluate in two clinical studies the efficacy and tolerability of the intranasal form of sumatriptan in the acute treatment of a single migraine attack. International Headache Society-diagnosed adult migraineurs in two randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter studies (n = 409 and 436) used sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg, 10 mg, or placebo (2:1:1) for the acute treatment of a single migraine attack at home. Predose and at predetermined postdose intervals, patients recorded headache severity (none, mild, moderate, severe); time to meaningful relief; clinical disability (none, mildly impaired, severely impaired, bed rest required); presence/absence of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia; and the occurrence of adverse events. Two hours postdose in the two studies, moderate or severe baseline pain was reduced to mild or none in 62 to 63% of patients treated with sumatriptan 20 mg, 43 to 54% of patients treated with sumatriptan 10 mg, and 29 to 35% of placebo-treated patients (p < 0.05 20 mg versus placebo for both studies and 10 mg versus placebo for study 1). Onset of relief relative to placebo began as early as 15 minutes postdose (sumatriptan 20 mg, study 2). Clinical disability at 2 hours postdose was reported as mildly impaired or normal in 72 to 74% of patients treated with sumatriptan 20 mg, 56 to 68% of patients treated with sumatriptan 10 mg, and 47 to 58% of placebo-treated patients (p < 0.05 20 mg versus placebo for both studies). Similar efficacy rates were observed for nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. The most common adverse event in the active treatment groups was disturbance of taste (bad, bitter, or unpleasant taste). Aside from this event, the pattern and incidence of adverse events did not differ among treatment groups. From these results we determined that sumatriptan nasal spray is a rapidly effective, well-tolerated migraine treatment. The 20-mg dose was effective in treating the entire migraine symptom complex, and the 10-mg dose was less consistently effective.
A MEMS piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device (2005)

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a piezoelectric micro power generator to be used as a power source for a wireless sensor node. The device scavenges environmental vibrations and converts it into electrical power through a piezoelectric transduction. The device, that measures 2x2x0.5mm is a resonant structure composed of a seismic mass attached to a cantilever. The device has been built with a MEMS process. The paper presents modelling and simulation of devices using either AlN or PZT piezoelectric layer. The measurements made on a first prototype using an AlN layer have shown a power output of 38nW for 0.5g of excitation at frequency of 204Hz.
Disease-Free Survival According to Degree of <i>HER2</i> Amplification for Patients Treated With Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without 1 Year of Trastuzumab: The HERA Trial (2009)

There was no evidence for reduced benefit of trastuzumab in HER2 IHC2+FISH+ cases. The degree of HER2 amplification does not influence prognosis or benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab in patients treated with prior adjuvant chemotherapy.
Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes (1999)

Phylogenetic profiles of the genes coding for the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, nucleoprotein (NP), matrix (M) protein, and nonstructural (NS) proteins of influenza B viruses isolated from 1940 to 1998 were analyzed in a parallel manner in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of these viruses. Unlike human influenza A (H3N2) viruses, the evolutionary pathways of all four genes of recent influenza B viruses revealed similar patterns of genetic divergence into two major lineages. Although evolutionary rates of the HA, NP, M, and NS genes of influenza B viruses were estimated to be generally lower than those of human influenza A viruses, genes of influenza B viruses demonstrated complex phylogenetic patterns, indicating alternative mechanisms for generation of virus variability. Topologies of the evolutionary trees of each gene were determined to be quite distinct from one another, showing that these genes were evolving in an independent manner. Furthermore, variable topologies were apparently the result of frequent genetic exchange among cocirculating epidemic viruses. Evolutionary analysis done in the present study provided further evidence for cocirculation of multiple lineages as well as sequestering and reemergence of phylogenetic lineages of the internal genes. In addition, comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed a novel amino acid deletion in the HA1 domain of the HA protein of recent isolates from 1998 belonging to the B/Yamagata/16/88-like lineage. It thus became apparent that, despite lower evolutionary rates, influenza B viruses were able to generate genetic diversity among circulating viruses through a combination of evolutionary mechanisms involving cocirculating lineages and genetic reassortment by which new variants with distinct gene constellations emerged.
The rotational spectrum and nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure of CO2–N2O (1998)

The microwave spectrum of CO2–N2O has been obtained in the 7–19 GHz region using a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure in 26 a- and b-type rotational transitions has been analyzed using the Watson S-reduced Hamiltonian with the inclusion of nuclear quadrupole interactions. The rotational constants and six centrifugal distortion constants (in MHz) are A=8843.4133(1), B=1738.777 37(6), C=1449.807 41(5), DJ=6.510(3)×10−3, DJK=−3.7405(8)×10−2, DK=2.3459(3)×10−1, d1=−1.3751(4)×10−3, d2=−8.3(1)×10−5, and HJ=−1.3(4)×10−7. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (in MHz) for the terminal nitrogen nucleus are χaa=−0.0966(4), χbb=−0.3111(4), and χcc=0.4077(4), and those for the central nitrogen nucleus are χaa=−0.0411(6), χbb=−0.0968(6), and χcc=0.1380(6). The spectroscopic constants are consistent with an approximately slipped parallel structure where the distance between the centers of mass of the subunits is 3.472 Å, the acute angle between the CO2 molecular axis and the intermolecular axis is 62.8°, and the acute angle between the N2O axis and the intermolecular axis is 58.1°. The experimental data cannot identify whether the terminal nitrogen or the oxygen in N2O is closest to the C in CO2. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants show that the electric field gradients at the nitrogen nuclei are perturbed to differing extents.
Three-dimensional drip infusion CT cholangiography in patients with suspected obstructive biliary disease: a retrospective analysis of feasibility and adverse reaction to contrast material. (2006)

We conclude that drip infusion CTC with an infusion rate of the biliary contrast agent iotroxate governed by the serum bilirubin value is a feasible and safe alternative to MRC in patients with and without impaired biliary excretion. In this retrospective study the feasibility and the frequency of adverse reactions when using a drip infusion scheme based on bilirubin levels has been evaluated.
Wireless black box using MEMS accelerometer and GPS tracking for accidental monitoring of vehicles (2012)

In this work, wireless black box using MEMS accelerometer and GPS tracking system is developed for accidental monitoring. The system consists of cooperative components of an accelerometer, microcontroller unit, GPS device and GSM module. In the event of accident, this wireless device will send mobile phone short massage indicating the position of vehicle by GPS system to family member, emergency medical service (EMS) and nearest hospital. The threshold algorithm and speed of motorcycle are used to determine fall or accident in real-time. The system is compact and easy to install under rider seat. The system has been tested in real world applications using bicycles. The test results show that it can detect linear fall, non-linear fall and normal ride with high accuracy.
A patient-specific model of the negative-feedback control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis (2013)

The purpose of modelling the negative-feedback control mechanism of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis is to describe the clinical course of euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism for patients. Thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels are controlled by negative-feedback control through thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). T4, like other hormones, can be bound or unbound; the unbound T4 (FT4) is used as a marker for hypothyroidism. Autoimmune thyroiditis is a disease in which the thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes attack autoantigens in follicle cells, destroying them over a long time. To describe the operation of the feedback control, we developed a mathematical model involving four clinical variables: TSH, FT4, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and the thyroid gland's functional size. The first three variables are regularly measured while the last variable is determined through relationships between the other three variables. The problem of two different time scales for circulating hormones and thyroid damage is addressed using singular perturbation theory. Analysis of the mathematical model establishes stability and conditions under which the diseased state can maintain the slow movement toward diseased state equilibrium. Although we have used four variables in modelling the feedback control through the HPT axis, the predicted clinical course given any set of parameters is shown to depend on the steady-state levels of TSH and FT4. This observation makes possible the development of the clinical charts based only on the levels of TSH, time and potential steady-state values. To validate the model predictions, a dataset obtained from a Sicilian adult population has been employed.
Conductivity conversion of lightly Fe-doped InP induced by thermal annealing: A method for semi-insulating material production (1997)

As-grown Fe-doped semiconducting InP wafers (residual carrier concentration ⩽1015 cm−3, estimated iron concentration 5–8×1015 cm−3) were converted to semi-insulating, with high resistivity and good mobility, when annealed under appropriate conditions. This fact is very interesting, since it permits the preparation of semi-insulating InP with an Fe content substantially lower than that of standard as-grown material. In this article, we report the annealing parameters, together with the results of an extensive characterization (Hall effect, C–V, infrared absorption, and photoinduced current transient spectroscopy) of the treated samples. The onset of the semi-insulating regime seems to be primarily due to an annealing-related loss of shallow donors.
Local Reactions to Stinging Insects (Hymenoptera) (1990)

Hymenoptera stings cause cutaneous nonallergic local reactions of limited size and duration in most individuals. Some subjects experience an allergic local reaction (large local reaction) to a sting that is greater than 10 cm in diameter and may last for up to 5 days. The nonallergic local reaction is a toxic response to venom constituents, while the large local reaction appears to be caused by an allergic reaction to venom proteins. The IgE-mediated late-phase reaction is probably responsible for most of these reactions; however, a cell-mediated mechanism, or a combination of the two, is possible. A diagnostic workup is not recommended for local reactions. However, skin testing with Hymenoptera venoms (bee, wasp, hornet, and yellowjacket) identifies most subjects with sting-induced large local reactions. Therapy of the local reactions is symptomatic. An oral glucocorticosteroid, H1 antagonist and possibly a H2 antagonist are indicated for treatment of large local reactions. Venom immunotherapy is effective in preventing recurrences of large local reactions in children but is not usually recommended for either adults or children.