gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of anti-human 4-1BB monoclonal antibody and analysis of its biological functions (2007)

To prepare the monoclonal antibody of human 4-1BB and to study its biological function,the hybridomas were ob- tained by fusing splenocytes of BALB/c mice which was immunized by the transfected cell line 4-1BB/293T with myeloma cells (SP2/0).The monoclonal antibodies were produced by in vivo procedures in mouse peritoneal cavity and purified by protein G affinity chromatography.Fast-strip method was used to analyse the subclass of the mAb.The proliferation of peripheral blood T cells(PBTC)induced by 4-1BB mAb was determined by MTT.Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis of T cells influenced by 5D5.In this way,one hybridoma cell line 5D5 was obtained,which showed the property of secreting anti- human 4-1BB monoclonal antibody continuously and steadily.It belonged to mouse IgG2b.This monoclonal antibody could spe- cifically recognize human 4-1BB molecule and effectively mediate costimulatory signal.It could also promote the proliferation of T cells and inhibit activation induced cell death of PBTC.In a word,one hybridoma cell line 5D5 which can secret functional antibody was developed successfully,It may be of significant value in basic studies and clinical application.
Alum Induces Innate Immune Responses through Macrophage and Mast Cell Sensors, But These Sensors Are Not Required for Alum to Act As an Adjuvant for Specific Immunity (2009)

To understand more about how the body recognizes alum we characterized the early innate and adaptive responses in mice injected with the adjuvant. Within hours of exposure, alum induces a type 2 innate response characterized by an influx of eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, NK cells and NKT cells. In addition, at least 13 cytokines and chemokines are produced within 4 h of injection including IL-1beta and IL-5. Optimal production of some of these, including IL-1beta, depends upon both macrophages and mast cells, whereas production of others, such as IL-5, depends on mast cells only, suggesting that both of these cell types can detect alum. Alum induces eosinophil accumulation partly through the production of mast cell derived IL-5 and histamine. Alum greatly enhances priming of endogenous CD4 and CD8 T cells independently of mast cells, macrophages, and of eosinophils. In addition, Ab levels and Th2 bias was similar in the absence of these cells. We found that the inflammation induced by alum was unchanged in caspase-1-deficient mice, which cannot produce IL-1beta. Furthermore, endogenous CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, Ab responses and the Th2 bias were also not impacted by the absence of caspase-1 or NLRP3. These data suggest that activation of the inflammasome and the type 2 innate response orchestrated by macrophages and mast cells in vivo are not required for adjuvant effect of alum on endogenous T and B cell responses.
Preparation of Derivatives of Nitrogen Mustard having Structure of α-Amino Acid Amide (1965)

A number of new amide derivatives of bis(2-chloroethyl)-DL-glycine and bis(2-chloroethyl)-DL-alanine were prepared and tested for their in vivo and in vitro antitumor activity against Yoshida Sarcoma, and chemical properties.
Cell confinement in patterned nanoliter droplets in a microwell array by wiping (2009)

Cell patterning is useful for a variety of biological applications such as tissue engineering and drug discovery. In particular, the ability to localize cells within distinct fluids is beneficial for a variety of applications ranging from microencapsulation to high-throughput analysis. However, despite much progress, cell immobilization and maintenance within patterned microscale droplets remains a challenge. In particular, no method currently exists to rapidly seed cells into microwell arrays in a controllable and reliable manner. In this study, we present a simple wiping technique to localize cells within arrays of polymeric microwells. This robust method produces cell seeding densities that vary consistently with microwell geometry and cell concentration. Moreover, we develop a simple theoretical model to accurately predict cell seeding density and seeding efficiency in terms of the design parameters of the microwell array and the cell density. This short-term cell patterning approach is an enabling tool to develop new high-throughput screening technologies that utilize microwell arrays containing cells for screening applications.
A phonological expression for physical movement monitoring in body sensor networks (2008)

Monitoring human activities using wearable wireless sensor nodes has the potential to enable many useful applications for everyday situations. The deployment of a compact and computationally efficient grammatical representation of actions reduces the complexities involved in the detection and recognition of human behaviors in a distributed system. In this paper, we introduce a road map to a linguistic framework for the symbolic representation of inertial information for physical movement monitoring. Our method for creating phonetic descriptions consists of constructing primitives across the network and assigning certain primitives to each movement. Our technique exploits the notion of a decision tree to identify atomic actions corresponding to every given movement. We pose an optimization problem for the fast identification of primitives. We then prove that this problem is NP-Complete and provide a fast greedy algorithm to approximate the solution. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our phonetic model on data collected from three subjects.
Nanophotonic inverse design with SPINS: Software architecture and practical considerations (2020)

This paper presents a computational nanophotonic design library for gradient-based optimization called the Stanford Photonic INverse design Software (SPINS). Borrowing the concept of computational graphs, SPINS is a design framework that emphasizes flexibility and reproducible results. By factoring the inverse design process into components that can be swapped out for one another, SPINS enables inverse design practitioners to easily explore different design methodologies. Here, we present the mathematical and architectural details on how to achieve these goals, using the inverse design of a wavelength demultiplexer as a primary example. Using inverse design effectively requires understanding the “control knobs” available to the designer, and, to that end, we also discuss practical considerations and heuristics for effective use of inverse design. In particular, by running inverse design on hundreds of designs of 3D wavelength demultiplexers, this paper explores the landscape of local minima, which leads to insights on the choice of initial conditions.
CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS MEDIATED BY INTERFERON (1974)

Rabbit kidney cell monolayers infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) were incubated with leukocytes from rabbits immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant. When the leukocytes were exposed to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), viral replication and plaque formation were markedly inhibited. Similarly, when leukocytes from animals immunized with HSV were exposed to UV-inactivated HSV, viral replication was markedly inhibited. Exposure of leukocytes from unimmunized animals or animals immunized with incomplete Freund's adjuvant to UV-inactivated virus or PPD produced relatively little inhibition of viral replication. Examination of supernatant fluids from stimulated cultures revealed a soluble mediator that had the properties of interferon. Interferon production was detected within several hours after exposure of sensitized leukocytes to antigen. Supernatant fluids from as few as one sensitized leukocyte per 200 rabbit kidney cells inhibited HSV replication by over 90%. These findings support the concept that the cellular immune response to HSV consists of two phases: an immunologically specific antigen recognition phase, and a nonspecific effector phase that stops HSV spread by generating interferon.
[Effect of sulfasalazine and its metabolites on prostaglandin and leukotriene liberation from human synovial tissue]. (1991)

The effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) and its metabolites sulfapyridine (SP) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) were investigated on release of prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) from synovial tissue of 37 patients with osteoarthritis, chondrocalcinosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Calcium ionophore A23187 significantly increased the release of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, LTB4, and LTC4 from human synovial tissue irrespective of the underlying joint disease. SASP inhibited release of LTC4 and increased release of PGE2. On the other hand, 5-ASA and SP inhibited the release of all eicosanoids measured. The effective concentrations of SASP and SP were found to be in the range which can be reached during SASP therapy. On the other hand, blood and synovial fluid levels of 5-ASA are considerably lower than those which inhibit eicosanoid synthesis in vitro. While nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are used for symptomatic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, inhibit cyclooxygenase only, SP, the active metabolite of the second line anti-rheumatic drug SASP, inhibits both PG and LT release. Inhibition of LT synthesis by SASP and SP could contribute to the second line efficacy of SASP therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
The behaviour and function of bottle cells during gastrulation of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (1988)

The behaviour of bottle cells in normal and microsurgically altered gastrulae and in cultured explants of Xenopus laevis was analysed, using time-lapse micrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cell tracing with fluorescein dextran amine (FDA). The results shed new light on the function of bottle cells. Bottle cells forming in vivo show a predominantly animal-vegetal apical contraction and a concurrent apical-basal elongation, whereas those forming in cultured explants show uniform apical contraction and remain rotund. Bottle cells forming in embryos with fewer subblastoporal cells contract more uniformly than those in normal embryos and release of normal bottle cells from supra- and subblastoporal cells results in immediate loss of the bottle shape. These results, and an analysis of the effects of bottle cell formation on the shapes and movements of surrounding tissues, show that unique shape of bottle cells and their probable function in development are not intrinsic properties but result from a modulation of the effect of a uniform and intrinsic apical contraction by the geometric and mechanical properties of the surrounding tissue. Mechanical simulations of bottle cell formation, using the finite element method, suggest how the site of bottle cell formation and the thickness and stiffness of adjacent tissues might change the effects of their formation. These results and FDA marking of prospective bottle cells and the adjacent deep mesodermal cells suggest that bottle cells function during their formation to initiate the involution of the prospective mesodermal mantle. Later they respread to deepen the archenteron and to form its peripheral wall.
Flight-Path Angle Control for Cutoff Insensitive Guidance (2014)

A cutoff insensitive guidance scheme is proposed for strategic missile systems not equipped with thrust termination systems. The main idea behind this scheme is to manipulate the current flight-path angle to follow the required flight-path angle. For this, a routine to obtain the required flight-path angle is set up by reorganizing the equations comprising the Lambert routine. Compared with existing schemes, the proposed scheme is more robust to motor performance uncertainty; it is also simpler and has a lighter calculation load. It is shown that the algorithm has good performance through the computer simulation.
Phase behavior of some sucrose surfactants with water and n‐decane (1988)

Abstract The phase behavior of some sucrose esters in water and n‐decane is reported. The type of liquid crystal formed and the extent of a particular phase region are correlated with the hydrocarbon chain length of the fatty acid.
Molecular and immunohistochemical analyses of cardiac troponin T during cardiac development in the Mexican axolotl, <i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i> (2006)

The Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, is an excellent animal model for studying heart development because it carries a naturally occurring recessive genetic mutation, designated gene c, for cardiac nonfunction. The double recessive mutants (c/c) fail to form organized myofibrils in the cardiac myoblasts resulting in hearts that fail to beat. Tropomyosin expression patterns have been studied in detail and show dramatically decreased expression in the hearts of homozygous mutant embryos. Because of the direct interaction between tropomyosin and troponin T (TnT), and the crucial functions of TnT in the regulation of striated muscle contraction, we have expanded our studies on this animal model to characterize the expression of the TnT gene in cardiac muscle throughout normal axolotl development as well as in mutant axolotls. In addition, we have succeeded in cloning the full-length cardiac troponin T (cTnT) cDNA from axolotl hearts. Confocal microscopy has shown a substantial, but reduced, expression of TnT protein in the mutant hearts when compared to normal during embryonic development.
Adsorption of bacteriophage lambda on the LamB protein of Escherichia coli K-12: point mutations in gene J of lambda responsible for extended host range (1994)

LamB is the cell surface receptor for bacteriophage lambda. LamB missense mutations yielding resistance to lambda group in two classes. Class I mutants block the growth of lambda with the wild-type host range (lambda h+) but support the growth of one-step host range mutants (lambda h). Class II mutants block lambda h but support the growth of two-step host range mutant (lambda hh*) phages. To identify amino acid residues in the J protein (the tail fiber of phage lambda) responsible for the extended host range phenotype of mutants of phage (lambda h+), we selected a series of one-step (lambda h) and two-step (lambda hh*) host range mutants and analyzed their corresponding J genes. Three different class I LamB missense mutants (mutations at sites 247, 245, and 148) were used to select 11 independent, new, one-step host range mutants (lambda h phages). DNA sequence analysis revealed a single-amino-acid change in each case. The 11 alterations affected only three residues in the distal part of J, corresponding to a Val-->Ala change at site 1077 in five cases, a Thr-->Met change at site 1040 in three cases, and a Leu-->Pro change at site 1127 in three cases. Recombination experiments confirmed that in the cases tested, the mutations identified were indeed responsible for the extended host range phenotype. The class II LamB mutant (Gly-->Asp at site 151) was used to select two-step extended host range mutants (lambda hh* phages) from three new lambda h phages, corresponding to different amino acid modifications in the J protein (at sites 1040, 1077, and 1127). The new lambda hh* phages analyzed corresponded to either double or triple point mutations located at the distal end of the J protein. In all, seven residues involved in the extended host range properties of lambda mutants were identified in the distal part of the J protein, suggesting that the last C-terminal portion of the J protein participates directly in the adsorption of the phage onto LamB. In agreement with the fact that the lambda h mutants (and the lambda hh* mutants) could grow on all of the lamB class I mutations tested, we found tha the nature of the J mutations did not depend on the LamB class I mutant used to select them. This is interpreted as meaning that the mutated residues in the J protein and in the LamB mutants are not involved in allele-specific protein-protein interactions. Rather, the LamB mutations would block a step in phage adsorption, and this block would be overcome by the mutations in the J protein.
Startup and low-speed operation of an adjustable-speed motor driven by a modular multilevel cascade inverter (MMCI) (2012)

A modular multilevel cascade inverter based on double-star chopper-cells (MMCI-DSCC) is expected to be used as one of the next-generation medium-voltage PWM inverters suitable to motor drives for energy savings. This three-phase inverter is formed by six modular arms, each of which consists of a cascaded stack of multiple bidirectional chopper-cells. It suffers from ac-voltage fluctuation in the dc-capacitor voltage of each chopper-cell at low speed. The frequency of the fluctuation is equal to the stator-current frequency. This paper attempts to suppress the fluctuation by injecting a common-mode voltage of 45 Hz and circulating currents among the three legs. Experimental results obtained from a 400-V 15-kW downscaled system verify that stable operation is achieved at an ultra-low speed of 17 min <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with a load torque of τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> = 40%, as well as “three-phase” dc-current feeding operation. Moreover, the motor can start up from a standstill without producing any overvoltage or overcurrent.
Small Scale Corrosion (Measurement and Modeling of Localized Corrosion Sites) (1997)

Localized corrosion represents both a set of extraordinarily interesting physical phenomena as well as a primary cause of failure for many engineering materials. As the name implies, localized corrosion occurs when the dissolution rate of a material surface is spatially highly nonuniform. Localized corrosion afflicts all metals and alloys, although the relative resistance of materials varies widely.
Studies on Cardiovascular Drugs. I. : Increasing Effect of Benzodioxane Derivatives on Blood Flow of Anesthetized Dogs (1971)

Effects on the cardiovascular system of new 17 derivatives of benzodioxane were studied in anesthetized dogs. 8-[(1, 4-Benzodioxane-2-yl) methyl]-3-oxo-1-thia-4, 8-diazaspiro [4, 5] decane (I), 4-methyl (XI) and 4-tolyl (XIII) substituted derivatives on I have a potent increasing activity in the femoral blood flow. These compounds showed less active in the coronary blood flow, systemic blood pressure, heart rate and respiration. I was found the most desirable compound as a peripheral vasodilator with low toxicity amoug these derivatives.
Microbiome and immunological interactions (2012)

The healthy human gut supports a complex and diverse microbiota, dominated by bacterial phylotypes belonging to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In the inflamed gut, overall diversity decreases, coincident with a greater representation of Proteobacteria. There is growing evidence supporting an important role for human gut bacteria in mucosal immunity; interactions at the level of both intestinal and colonic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and T and B immune cells have been documented. These interactions influence gut barrier and defense mechanisms that include antimicrobial peptide and secretory IgA synthesis. The functional effects of commensal bacteria on T helper cell differentiation have led to the emerging concept that microbiota composition determines T effector- and T regulatory-cell balance, immune responsiveness, and homeostasis. The importance of this biology in relation to immune homeostasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and the rising incidence of autoimmune diseases will be discussed. The detailed description of the human gut microbiota, integrated with evidence-based mechanisms of immune modulation, provides an exciting platform for the identification of next-generation probiotics and related pharmaceutical products.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. 36. REDUCTION REACTIONS OF PYRIDYL KETONES WITH LOW VALENT TITANIUM REAGENTS (1979)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit niederwertigen Ti‐Verbindungen, z.B. Kombinationen aus TiCl 3 mit Lithiumalanat oder Natrium, entstehen aus den Pyridylketonen (Ia) und (Ib) die Carbinole (II) und die Dimeren (III) in sehr unterschiedlichen Anteilen.
Shakespeare's Ovid being Arthur Golding's Translation of the Metamorphoses. (1963)

Journal Article W. H. D. Rouse: Shakespeare’s Ovid being Arthur Golding’s Translation of the Metamorphoses Get access Shakespeare’s Ovid Being Arthur Golding’s Translation of the Metamorphoses (Centaur Classics). Edited by W. H. D. Rouse. Southern Illinois University Press, 1962. Pp. [xii] + vi + 321. $19.50. J. G. M. J. G. M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 14, Issue 1, Winter 1963, Page 86, https://doi.org/10.2307/2868158 Published: 01 January 1963
Research on the Application of Flipped Classroom in College English Writing Teaching (2019)

This paper introduces the definition and characteristics of flipped classroom, analyzes the theoretical basis of flipped classroom and the advantages of flipped classroom in college English writing. It explores the application of flipped classroom of college English writing from three stages: previewing before class, deepening in class, and consolidating after class.
N -type behavior of ferroelectric-gate carbon nanotube network transistor (2008)

Carbon nanotube field effect transistor has attracted much attention recently and is a promising candidate for next generation nanoelectronics. Here, we report our study on a transistor using single wall carbon nanotube network as the channel and a ferroelectric film as the gate dielectric. The spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric materials offers nonvolatility and controllability of the surface charges. Modulation of &gt;102 in the channel conductivity has been observed in the network-based transistor. Voltage pulses are used to control the transistor states; no continuous gate bias is needed. Furthermore, n-type behavior of the network channel is observed, which is attributed to a change in the Schottky barrier at the carbon nanotube-metal interface.
<title>Digital Light Processing update: status and future applications</title> (1999)

Digital Light Processing (DLP) projection displays based on the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) were introduced to the market in 1996. Less than 3 years later, DLP-based projectors are found in such diverse applications as mobile, conference room, video wall, home theater, and large-venue. They provide high-quality, seamless, all-digital images that have exceptional stability as well as freedom from both flicker and image lag. Marked improvements have been made in the image quality of DLP-based projection display, including brightness, resolution, contrast ratio, and border image. DLP-based mobile projectors that weighted about 27 pounds in 1996 now weight only about 7 pounds. This weight reduction has been responsible for the definition of an entirely new projector class, the ultraportable. New applications are being developed for this important new projection display technology; these include digital photofinishing for high process speed minilab and maxilab applications and DLP Cinema for the digital delivery of films to audiences around the world. This paper describes the status of DLP-based projection display technology, including its manufacturing, performance improvements, and new applications, with emphasis on DLP Cinema.
SELF-MODELING CURVE RESOLUTION (SMCR): PRINCIPLES, TECHNIQUES, AND APPLICATIONS (2002)

ABSTRACT Self-modeling curve resolution (SMCR) comprises a family of chemometric techniques that utilize a certain mathematical decomposition to deconvolve the two-way signals from instrumentally unresolved multi-component mixtures. These techniques are very useful tools for the elucidation of the multi-component phenomena in complex chemical systems. This paper presents a review of basic principle of SMCR and some recent progress in SMCR techniques. One example of application of SMCR in vibrational spectroscopy is also demonstrated.