gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knockout Mice for Pharmacological Screening (2002)

The role of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger as a major determinant of cell Ca2+ is well defined in cardiac tissue, and there has been much effort to develop specific inhibitors of the exchanger. We use a novel system to test the specificity of two putative specific inhibitors, KB-R7943 and SEA0400. The drugs are applied to electrically stimulated heart tubes from control mouse embryos or embryos with the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger knocked out. We monitored effects of the drugs on Ca2+ transients. Both drugs depress the Ca2+ transients at low concentrations even in the absence of any Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. KB-R7943 and SEA0400 are not completely specific and should be used with caution as Na+-Ca2+ exchange inhibitors.
The effect of α and γ‐interferon on proliferation and production of IgE and β<sub>2</sub>‐microglobulin in the human myeloma cell line U‐266 and in an α‐interferon resistant U‐266 subline (1986)

An IFN-resistant subline (U-266r alpha) was established from the IFN-alpha-sensitive myeloma cell line U-266 by subculturing U-266 cells with increasing doses of INF-alpha. The U-266r alpha secreted IgE at a higher rate than the U-266 (7.2 X 10(-13) g/c/8 h as compared to 3.3 X 10(-13) g/c/8 h). The 2 cell lines were found to be equally high producers of beta 2m (9.2 and 9.6 X 10(-13) g/c/8 h). The U-266 produced 2.9 times less IgE and 5 times more beta 2m compared to the initial production rates at establishment. INF-alpha and recombinant IFN-alpha 2 (rIFN-alpha 2) inhibited proliferation and concomitantly decreased the rate of IgE and beta 2m secretion in U-266 but not in U-266 IFNr alpha, which in contrast was slightly stimulated by IFN-alpha with respect to growth, IgE and beta 2m secretion. In addition, IFN-alpha at a concentration of 100 U/ml was shown to decrease the IgE and beta 2m production without exerting more than minimal cytotoxicity on U-266 cells. No antiproliferative effect was found for IFN-gamma or recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) on either of the 2 cell lines. IFN-gamma and rIFN-gamma were, however, found to stimulate the production of beta 2m. Our results show that the U-266 and the derived IFN-alpha-resistant subline can be used as models for studying some of the biological effects of IFN-alpha and -gamma in vitro. The clinical implications of these in vitro results, in particular the usefulness of serum determinations of immunoglobulin and beta 2m concentrations for monitoring the tumor cell mass, are discussed.
Stepped impedance resonator bandpass filters with tunable transmission zeros and its application to wide stopband design (2003)

Bandpass filters with a very wide stopband are designed using parallel coupled stepped impedance resonators (SIR), which have advantageous resonance harmonic characteristics. The singly loaded Q (Q/sub si/) of a tapped SIR is derived, so that the relation between Q/sub si/ and the position of the tap point can be established. It is known that a single resonator with tapped input can create an extra zero. It is found that, with proper tapping at the first and last SIR's of a bandpass filter, two zeros can be created and tuned independently over a wide frequency range. By exploiting both the advantageous resonance characteristics of SIR and tapped-line input, a bandpass filter with high selectivity and/or wide stopband can be realized. The experimental results show good agreement with the simulated prediction.
Structural and Functional Basis for Inhibition of Erythrocyte Invasion by Antibodies that Target Plasmodium falciparum EBA-175 (2013)

Disrupting erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum is an attractive approach to combat malaria. P. falciparum EBA-175 (PfEBA-175) engages the host receptor Glycophorin A (GpA) during invasion and is a leading vaccine candidate. Antibodies that recognize PfEBA-175 can prevent parasite growth, although not all antibodies are inhibitory. Here, using x-ray crystallography, small-angle x-ray scattering and functional studies, we report the structural basis and mechanism for inhibition by two PfEBA-175 antibodies. Structures of each antibody in complex with the PfEBA-175 receptor binding domain reveal that the most potent inhibitory antibody, R217, engages critical GpA binding residues and the proposed dimer interface of PfEBA-175. A second weakly inhibitory antibody, R218, binds to an asparagine-rich surface loop. We show that the epitopes identified by structural studies are critical for antibody binding. Together, the structural and mapping studies reveal distinct mechanisms of action, with R217 directly preventing receptor binding while R218 allows for receptor binding. Using a direct receptor binding assay we show R217 directly blocks GpA engagement while R218 does not. Our studies elaborate on the complex interaction between PfEBA-175 and GpA and highlight new approaches to targeting the molecular mechanism of P. falciparum invasion of erythrocytes. The results suggest studies aiming to improve the efficacy of blood-stage vaccines, either by selecting single or combining multiple parasite antigens, should assess the antibody response to defined inhibitory epitopes as well as the response to the whole protein antigen. Finally, this work demonstrates the importance of identifying inhibitory-epitopes and avoiding decoy-epitopes in antibody-based therapies, vaccines and diagnostics.
Feminist Voice in Abhi Subedi's Agniko Katha (2020)

This article analyzes Abhi Subedi's play, Agniko Katha, from a feminist perspective. Feminist critics blame that the classics of literature are partly responsible for creating and perpetuating the myth about 'eternal feminine.' They claim that there are only two images available for women in patriarchal literature. One is the image of a virtuous passive woman and the other is the promiscuous selfish woman. The author of such literary texts rewards the virtuous woman whereas they punish the promiscuous one. Feminists argue that the underlying message of this method is: if a woman wants to survive in patriarchy she must act feminine. This effects women in their real life situation for they tend to perform feminine gender roles though they are disadvantageous to them. Thus, they protest the stereotype depiction of female characters in literary and other cultural texts. The article argues that Subedi defies the traditional notion of femininity and creates new roles for his female characters. The protagonist of the play denies to play her assigned feminine role and searches for a new role for her. She questions and protests the patriarchal gender roles which are bias against women. Thus, it is relevant to explore the feminist voice in the text. The finding of the article suggests that women, too, have the potentiality to create new roles for themselves and bring change into society.
Roles of miR‐182 in sensory organ development and cancer (2014)

Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are a cluster of small non-coding RNA molecules predicted to regulate more than 30% of coding messenger (m)RNAs in the human genome and proven to be essential in developmental and pathological processes. The miR-182 gene was first found to be abundantly expressed in sensory organs and regulates the development of the retina and inner ear. Further studies revealed its roles in osteogenesis and T cell differentiation. In addition, the involvement of miR-182 in cancer initiation and progression has recently been uncovered by a growing body of evidence, the majority of which supports its promoting effects in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion, as well as distant metastasis of various cancer types. Clinical analyses demonstrated the link of miR-182 expression to poor prognosis in cancer patients. Mechanistically, multiple downstream genes including missing-in-metastasis, microphthalm-associated transcription factor, FoxO1, cylindromatiosis, and others, can be targeted by miR-182 and mediate its roles in cancer. miR-182 is also interconnected with prominent cancer-related signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor beta and nuclear factor kappa beta. Interestingly, it was shown that in vivo targeting of miR-182 prevented liver metastasis of melanoma. miR-182 is emerging as an important regulator of malignancies, which warrants further study to establish the application potential of miR-182 in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Monocytes and Macrophages (1988)

MACROPHAGES play a central and essential part in the immune response by presenting antigen to lymphocytes during the development of specific immunity and by serving as supportive, "accessory" cells to lymphocytes, at least partly by releasing soluble factors. Macrophages also carry out the fundamental protective functions of ingesting and killing invading organisms, and as has recently been discovered, they release an enormous number of factors involved in host defense and inflammation. Adding to the excitement of those who study macrophages is the increasing understanding of how these cells can be "activated" pharmacologically to carry out their protective role more effectively. . . .
The Early Stage of Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper by Sulfur Dioxide (1990)

The early stage of corrosion of copper by moist air containing 0.5% sulfur dioxide (75% relative humidity at 25°C) has been studied. Scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been used to examine the surface topography, surface chemistry, and microstructure of copper foils before and after exposure to the corrosive atmosphere. The analyses show that in the initial stage of corrosion a mixture of copper oxide and copper sulfide forms on the surface. Reduction of sulfur dioxide to sulfide on the metal surface indicates that sulfur dioxide is a cathodic depolarizer in the early stages of corrosion.
Simulink/Matlab-to-VHDL Route for Full-Custom/FPGA Rapid Prototyping of DSP Algorithms (1999)

This paper presents the way of speeding up the route from the theoretical design with Simulink/Matlab, via behavioral simulation in fixed-point arithmetic to the implementation on either FPGA or custom silicon. This has been achieved by porting the netlist of the Simulink system description into the VHDL. At the first instance, the Simulink-to-VHDL converter has been designed to use structural VHDL code to describe system interconnections, allowing simple behavioral descriptions for basic blocks. The resulting VHDL code delivers bit-true result when compared to the equivalent fixed-point Simulink model simulations.
Expression of heparanase in oral cancer cell lines and oral cancer tissues (2001)

In the process of metastasis, cancer cells secrete several enzymes which degrade extracellular matrices (ECMs) and basement membranes (BMs) of blood vessels. One of them, heparanase, has been reported to be an important enzyme when metastatic cancer cells invade blood vessels. The enzyme cleaves heparan sulfate (HS), a main component of ECM and BM. In the present study, HS-degrading ability of several human oral cancer cell lines (HSC2, HSC3, HSC4, Ca9-22, NA, ACC3 and Ab-J) and tissues derived from human oral squamous cell carcinomas (both metastatic and non-metastatic) were investigated by measuring heparanase activities and levels of heparanase mRNA by a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The catalytic activities and the mRNA levels of heparanase showed a good agreement. Clinical demonstration of cancer metastasis generally correlated with high levels of heparanase activity and its mRNA. The results suggest that heparanase activity and its mRNA level are good diagnostic parameters for evaluating the metastatic properties of human oral cancer cells.
Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy Coupled to Chromatography for Very High Resolution Chemical Analysis (1989)

Abstract Much effort by a great many researchers has been put into improving existing analytical techniques or developing new methods for the analysis of complex samples such as biological specimens, environmental contaminants, and naturally occurring substances. A particular example is the interest that has been shown in developing methods for the detailed analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) 111, real samples of which can be viewed with only “slight exaggeration, in the words of Hayes and Small 121, as “containing infinitesimal amounts of an infinite number of species.” PAH (see Fig. l), many of which are carcinogenic, are ubiquitous, being produced both naturally and by man whenever organic substances are heated or burned; they make up the bulk of coals, heavy crude oils, and tars. Similar analytical problems are presented by biological and other samples, where it may be necessary to detect and sometimes follow the course of a trace substance in a complex matrix. In the case of PAH samples, detailed characterization is associated with discrimination among substitutional isomers [3] The complexity of such samples and the high molecular weight of the components has made detailed analysis difficult. Numerous isomers are possible, the number of which increases nearly exponentially with molecular weight. However, seemingly small differences in molecular structure, such as the skeletal position of a methyl group substituent, have been found to sharply affect genotoxic properties [4,5], and presumably also affect other chemical processes such as liquefaction, combustion, and soot formation.
Megagauss Magnetic Fields for Magnetized Laser-Plasma Experiments (2008)

At the Nevada Terawatt Facility, experiments are developed to investigate matter in extreme conditions, which is created by the interaction of intense laser-produced plasma with a strong magnetic field. A fast-pulsed-power generator, Zebra, is used to drive coils with megaampere current pulses. Two coil geometries were investigated: two-turn helical coils and horseshoe coils. Finite-element modeling and analytical calculations were used to design the coils, taking into account the magnetic- and electric-field distributions, the coil heating, and its deformation. The magnetic flux density was measured using Faraday rotation in glass probes situated inside or in the immediate vicinity of the coils. Several failure modes of the magnets were observed. In addition, the survivability of the laser target and issues that are particular to the coupling of a terawatt-class short-pulse laser, with a terawatt-pulsed-power generator, are discussed.
Probabilistic Map-based Pedestrian Motion Prediction Taking Traffic Participants into Consideration (2018)

As pedestrians are one of the most vulnerable traffic participants, their motion prediction is of utmost importance for intelligent transportation systems. Predicting motions of pedestrians is especially hard since they move in less structured environments and have less inertia compared to road vehicles. To account for this uncertainty, we present an approach for probabilistic prediction of pedestrian motion using Markov chains. In contrast to previous work, we not only consider motion models, constraints from a semantic map, and various goals, but also explicitly adapt the prediction based on crash probabilities with other traffic participants. Also, our approach works in any situation; this is typically challenging for pure machine learning techniques that learn behaviors for a particular road section and which might consequently struggle with a different road section. The usefulness of combining the aforementioned aspects in a single approach is demonstrated by an evaluation using recordings of real pedestrians.
Applications and advances (1992)

Design of a tracking Algorithm for an advanced ATC system design of a multisensor tracking system for advanced air traffic control passive sensor data fusion and manoeuvring target tracking tracking of splitting targets in clutter by using an interacting multiple-model joint-probabilistic data association filter precision tracking of small extended targets with imaging sensors a system approach to multiple target tracking performance analysis of optimal data association with applications to multiple-target tracking multitarget tracking with an agile beam radar autonomous navigation with uncertain reference points using the PADF the sensor management imperative attribute fusion and situation assessment with a many-valued logic approach.
Parameter Estimation in Food Science (2013)

Modeling includes two distinct parts, the forward problem and the inverse problem. The forward problem-computing y(t) given known parameters-has received much attention, especially with the explosion of commercial simulation software. What is rarely made clear is that the forward results can be no better than the accuracy of the parameters. Therefore, the inverse problem-estimation of parameters given measured y(t)-is at least as important as the forward problem. However, in the food science literature there has been little attention paid to the accuracy of parameters. The purpose of this article is to summarize the state of the art of parameter estimation in food science, to review some of the common food science models used for parameter estimation (for microbial inactivation and growth, thermal properties, and kinetics), and to suggest a generic method to standardize parameter estimation, thereby making research results more useful. Scaled sensitivity coefficients are introduced and shown to be important in parameter identifiability. Sequential estimation and optimal experimental design are also reviewed as powerful parameter estimation methods that are beginning to be used in the food science literature.
New Ni(II) based catalysts active in the polymerization of olefins (1998)

Polymerization of ethylene in the presence of Cp2Ni (Cp: cyclopentadienyl) and methylaluminoxane affords polyethylene of high molecular weight and with high melting point. The same catalyst is active in the polymerization of styrene and 1,3-butadiene to give partially isotactic polystyrene and 1,4-cis-polybutadiene, respectively.
Comentario de urgencia sobre la sentencia 128/2013 de la Sala de lo Social de la Audiencia Nacional, sobre inaplicación de convenio colectivo (2013)

Trascendiendo la discusion concreta que se plantea en este litigio, el autor analiza la doctrina que establece la Audiencia Nacional sobre el proceso de inaplicacion de convenios colectivos y el papel de la Comision Consultiva Nacional de Convenios Colectivos al respecto.
Symbolic road marking recognition using convolutional neural networks (2017)

This paper investigates the use of Convolutional Neural Networks for classification of painted symbolic road markings. Previous work on road marking recognition is mostly based on either template matching or on classical feature extraction followed by classifier training which is not always effective and based on feature engineering. However, with the rise of deep neural networks and their success in ADAS systems, it is natural to investigate the suitability of CNN for road marking recognition. Unlike others, our focus is solely on road marking recognition and not detection; which has been extensively explored and conventionally based on MSER feature extraction of the IPM images. We train five different CNN architectures with variable number of convolution/max-pooling and fully connected layers, and different resolution of road mark patches. We use a publicly available road marking data set and incorporate data augmentation to enhance the size of this data set which is required for training deep nets. The augmented data set is randomly partitioned in 70% and 30% for training and testing. The best CNN network results in an average recognition rate of 99.05% for 10 classes of road markings on the test set.
Sites of antagonist action on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors studied using fluctuation analysis and a rapid perfusion technique (1988)

1. Mouse hippocampal neurons in dissociated culture were grown at low density on previously plated hippocampal glial cell cultures and voltage clamped using the tight seal whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Flow pipes were used to rapidly exchange the extracellular solution, and to apply N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and some NMDA antagonists. Fluctuation analysis was used to estimate changes in the behavior of NMDA-activated ion channels during application of antagonists. In the presence of NMDA control spectra were well fit by single Lorentzian functions consistent with mean open times of 5-6 ms. 2. Two antagonists thought to act at the NMDA receptor agonist recognition site, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5) and kynurenic acid, did not produce changes in the mean open time or single channel conductance, consistent with their action as competitive antagonists. Onset of antagonism and recovery from the action of both AP5 and kynurenic acid was rapid and complete within 1 s. However, raising the extra-cellular glycine concentration, from 1 microM to 1 mM, reduced the potency of 100 microM kynurenic acid as an NMDA antagonist, suggesting that kynurenate has an additional action as a competitive antagonist at the glycine modulatory site on NMDA receptor channels. 3. In the presence of 150 microM magnesium NMDA spectra recorded at -60 mV were fit by double Lorentzian functions, consistent with single-channel events consisting of bursts of openings lasting 3.3 ms in duration, interrupted by blocking and unblocking events of average duration 0.18 ms. The onset and recovery from magnesium antagonism was rapid, and complete within 1 s, but was highly voltage dependent and at +40 mV magnesium (150 microM) failed to produce NMDA antagonism. These results are consistent with a voltage-dependent channel block of NMDA receptor channels produced by binding of magnesium to a site within the ion channel. 4. Zinc (30 microM) was a potent NMDA antagonist at both -60 and +40 mV, and at either potential appeared to reduce the mean open time of NMDA-activated ion channels from about 5 ms to approximately 3 ms. Over the frequency range measured, 1-1,000 Hz, NMDA spectra were well fit by single Lorentzians during zinc antagonism, in contrast to results obtained with magnesium. The mean single channel conductance also decreased in the presence of zinc to approximately 75% of control. Onset of antagonism and recovery from the action of zinc was rapid and complete within 1 s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Use of current injected control in solenoid focusing coil power supplies (2003)

The use of current-injected control in the design of solenoid power supplies is discussed. Such a supply is required to provide a constant current to a large inductive load. The control to output (power stage) transfer characteristics are worked out for a generalized load. The location of the poles and zeros and the effect of load inductance on the inner current loop are investigated. This control technique is seen to have inherent feedforward capability, and therefore to have better line rejection than the standard voltage-mode converter. This is also investigated for a solenoid converter using current-mode control. The results are verified and compared using a SPICE computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Retroperitoneoscopy: Foreign Body Retrieval (1992)

Retroperitoneoscopy is a rarely indicated procedure for the urological surgeon. However, it can be a useful means to approach some types of ureteral pathology and foreign bodies. We describe a case in which a severed surgical drain was removed from deep within the retroperitoneum by using a percutaneous retroperitoneal approach.