gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
γ- and δ-epoxy sulfones. Formation of different ring-sized products upon reaction with CH<sub>3</sub>MgI or LiN[CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (1981)

γ-Epoxy sulfones in which the epoxide function is terminal yield cyclopropylmethanol derivatives on reaction with methyllithium or lithium diisopropylamide. In contrast, treatment of these epoxides with two equivalents of CH 3 MgI gives only cis-3-phenylsulfonylcyclobutanols. The cis-relationship between the OH and sulfonyl groups was proven in one instance by an X-ray structure determination. Internal γ-epoxy sulfones yield cyclopropylmethanols with all bases studied. All δ-epoxy sulfones studied furnished cis-3-phenylsulfonylcyclopentanols upon reaction with the Grignard reagent. These same epoxides gave either cyclopentanols or noncyclic products upon reaction with LDA; no cyclobutane ring containing products were obtained contrary to the expectations based on Stork's results with the corresponding epoxy nitriles (ref. 2). The mechanism of the Grignard-mediated reaction involves epoxide opening by iodide ion, α-sulfonyl Grignard formation, and, finally, cyclization. When LDA or CH 3 Li is used the products are formed by an intramolecular S N 2 opening of the epoxide by an α-lithio sulfone.
Understand the thermal design of jacketed vessels (1999)

This article outlines the basics of vessel specification and presents the relationships that govern heat transfer in jacketed process vessels.
Preparation for Quarantine on the Cruise Ship Diamond Princess in Japan due to COVID-19 (2020)

There were several difficulties in implementing large-scale quarantine and obtaining medical support on the cruise ship. In the future, we need to prepare for patients' transfer and the admitting hospitals when disembarking the passengers. We recommend treating the crew the same way as the passengers to control the infection. We must also draw a plan for the future, to protect travelers and passengers from emerging infectious diseases on cruise ships.
Quasi-optical phase retrieval of radiation patterns of non-standard horn antennas at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths (2015)

The location of the phase centres of antenna feeds is critical for optimised sensitivity and resolution on reflector antennas and telescopes. While the measurement of the far-field intensity patterns of such feeds is relatively straightforward, the direct recovery of their phase patterns requires access to expensive phase sensitive instrumentation such as a vector network analyzer. We present an inexpensive alternative quasi-optical technique, analogous to off-axis holography at visible wavelengths, that allows for the phase curvature of the feed pattern, and thus the phase centre, to be recovered with sufficient accuracy for optimizing aperture efficiency and resolution on a reflector antenna. We discuss the accuracy of the technique and compare results for the case of a specialized horn antenna for CMB polarization operating at 100GHz, using both the quasi-optical method and a vector network analyzer as a bench mark measurement tool for verification of the approach. We also include some measurements made of a lens antenna fed by a bare waveguide radiator.
The effect of the X-linked immune deficiency gene (<i>xid</i>) upon the Y chromosome-related disease of BXSB mice. (1983)

BXSB mice develop a lupus-like disease characterized by B cell hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, nephritis and coronary artery disease. To determine the subset of B cells responsible for disease in these mice, we bred a congenic BXSB.xid strain (greater than 99.2% inbred) with the xid gene that deletes a subset of splenic B cells. Because BXSB disease is associated with the Y chromosome, BXSB males and the autoimmune cross (NZB X BXSB)F1 males were studied. BXSB.xid males had profoundly reduced lymphoid hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, renal disease, cardiac disease, and markedly prolonged survival. (NZB.xid/+ X BXSB)F1 males also demonstrated a marked protection associated with the xid gene. These studies suggest that the autoimmune disease of BXSB males is dependent upon the B cell subset deleted by xid.
Expansion of Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (1964)

First Page
Detecting efficiency‐limiting defects in Czochralski‐grown silicon wafers in solar cell production using photoluminescence imaging (2011)

Abstract Only recently, methods for quality control of multicrystalline silicon wafers have been published, which allow the efficiency of solar cells to be predicted precisely from photoluminescence (PL) images taken in the as‐cut state. In this letter it is shown that oxygen precipitates, present in standard Czochralski silicon wafers, can cause efficiency losses of more than 4% (absolute) within an industrial solar cell proc‐ ess. These efficiency losses correlate with ring‐like defect structures of reduced intensity in the PL image. In comparison with QSSPC‐based lifetime measurements, we introduce a PL‐based method of quality control which allows the critical wafers to be identified and sorted out reliably at an early state of production and thus increases yield and average efficiency of production lines. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Umpolung of Michael Acceptors for Intermolecular Reactions (2011)

leahciM! The N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed umpolung of Michael acceptors proceeds through the formation of a deoxy-Breslow intermediate (see scheme; EWG=electron-withdrawing group). This nucleophilic species can react with other Michael acceptors in an intermolecular fashion, thereby resulting in the formation of homo- or heterodimeric olefins. This “Michael umpolung” should become a valuable method for the formation of densely functionalized olefins. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Real-time optical recording of β1-adrenergic receptor activation reveals supersensitivity of the Arg389 variant to carvedilol (2007)

Antagonists of beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-ARs) have become a main therapeutic regimen for the treatment of heart failure even though the mechanisms of their beneficial effects are still poorly understood. Here, we used fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based (FRET-based) approaches to directly monitor activation of the beta(1)-AR and downstream signaling. While the commonly used beta-AR antagonists metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol displayed varying degrees of inverse agonism on the Gly389 variant of the receptor (i.e., actively switching off the beta(1)-AR), surprisingly, only carvedilol showed very specific and marked inverse agonist effects on the more frequent Arg389 variant. These specific effects of carvedilol on the Arg389 variant of the beta(1)-AR were also seen for control of beating frequency in rat cardiac myocytes expressing the 2 receptor variants. This FRET sensor permitted direct observation of activation of the beta(1)-AR in living cells in real time. It revealed that beta(1)-AR variants dramatically differ in their responses to diverse beta blockers, with possible consequences for their clinical use.
The Population and Evolutionary Dynamics of Phage and Bacteria with CRISPR–Mediated Immunity (2013)

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), together with associated genes (cas), form the CRISPR-cas adaptive immune system, which can provide resistance to viruses and plasmids in bacteria and archaea. Here, we use mathematical models, population dynamic experiments, and DNA sequence analyses to investigate the host-phage interactions in a model CRISPR-cas system, Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC7710 and its virulent phage 2972. At the molecular level, the bacteriophage-immune mutant bacteria (BIMs) and CRISPR-escape mutant phage (CEMs) obtained in this study are consistent with those anticipated from an iterative model of this adaptive immune system: resistance by the addition of novel spacers and phage evasion of resistance by mutation in matching sequences or flanking motifs. While CRISPR BIMs were readily isolated and CEMs generated at high rates (frequencies in excess of 10(-6)), our population studies indicate that there is more to the dynamics of phage-host interactions and the establishment of a BIM-CEM arms race than predicted from existing assumptions about phage infection and CRISPR-cas immunity. Among the unanticipated observations are: (i) the invasion of phage into populations of BIMs resistant by the acquisition of one (but not two) spacers, (ii) the survival of sensitive bacteria despite the presence of high densities of phage, and (iii) the maintenance of phage-limited communities due to the failure of even two-spacer BIMs to become established in populations with wild-type bacteria and phage. We attribute (i) to incomplete resistance of single-spacer BIMs. Based on the results of additional modeling and experiments, we postulate that (ii) and (iii) can be attributed to the phage infection-associated production of enzymes or other compounds that induce phenotypic phage resistance in sensitive bacteria and kill resistant BIMs. We present evidence in support of these hypotheses and discuss the implications of these results for the ecology and (co)evolution of bacteria and phage.
Gain-guided, index-antiguided fiber lasers (2007)

Optical fibers with large diameter cores having a negative index step from cladding to core combined with an adequately large gain coefficient in the core provide near-optimal mode properties for fiber lasers delivering robust single transverse mode operation with very large mode areas. Basic properties and simple design formulas for such fibers are presented.
Anthocyanin Pigments: Importance, Sample Preparation and Extraction (2017)

Anthocyanins are naturally occuring pigments belonging to the group of flavonoids, a subclass of the polyphenol family. They are common components of the human diet, as they are present in many foods, fruits and vegetables, especially in berries and red wine. There were more studies conducted on effect of processing and storage on changes and stability of colors of anthocyanins in foods such as fruits and also for their use as natural colorants. Besides, the interest on anthocyanins is still growing also owing to their strong antioxidant activity against many chronic diseases, numerous studies about their medicinal, therapeutical and nutritional value were also conducted. There are pieces of evidence regarding the positive association of their intake with healthy biological effects. They act as antioxidants both in the foodstuffs in which they are found and in the organism that take in foods rich in anthocyanins. Many efforts have been carried out to develop new analytical techniques for identification and quantification of anthocyanins in plant materials, as well as their effects in vivo and in vitro. With this in mind, an overview to general considerations concerning (i) polyphenol and flavonoid history; (ii) chemical structure, color and intake of anthocyanins and (iii) sample preparation and extraction methods are presented in this chapter.
High Electron Mobility Transistors With Al<sub>0.65</sub>Ga<sub>0.35</sub>N Channel Layers on Thick AlN/Sapphire Templates (2017)

We report Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</sub> N/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.65</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.35</sub> N high-electron mobility transistors on low-defect AlN buffer layers over basal plane sapphire substrates. A new epilayer design consisting of a doped barrier layer yielded sheet resistivity values as low as 1800 Ω/□. Devices with the source-drain spacing of 5.5 μm and a gate length of 1.8 μm exhibited peak drain-currents as high as 250 mA/mm at a gate bias of +4 V. We also show that the 3-μm thick low-defect AlN buffer layers over sapphire to provide sufficient thermal conduction which enables stable device operation up to at least 40 V at 250 mA/mm with no current droop.
A Session Model for Cross-Domain Interactive Multi-User IPTV (2010)

This work proposes a session model for cross-domain interactive multi-user IPTV. The model has been designed to support the creation and consumption of multi-user multimedia sessions that span multiple technology domains like managed IPTV, mobile network, home network and the Internet. These sessions can combine content and services from various domains and the model enables shared experiences between users at different locations, connected across diverse technology domains. This paper describes the session model, gives an overview of the general architecture and presents the results of an implementation that spans home, Internet and mobile networks. This session model has been and first application demonstrators have been realized.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Nanosized Bismuth Ferrite by Soft Chemical Route (2005)

The present research describes a simple low‐temperature synthesis route of preparing bismuth ferrite nanopowders through soft chemical route using nitrates of Bismuth and Iron. Tartaric acid is used as a template material and nitric acid as an oxidizing agent. The synthesized powders are characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The particle size of the powder lies between 3 and 16 nm. In the process, phase pure bismuth ferrite can be obtained at a temperature as low as 400°C, in contrast to 550°C for coprecipitation route. On the other hand, we find that, like solid state reaction route, Pechini's autocombustion method of synthesis generates a lot of impurity phases along with bismuth ferrite.
Insecticide action at the GABA‐gated chloride channel: Recognition, progress, and prospects (1993)

Three billion (3 x 10(9)) pounds of hexachlorocyclohexanes, polychlorobornanes, and chlorinated cyclodienes (such as lindane, toxaphene, and endosulfan, respectively) were used to control pest insects before their mode of action was established as blocking the GABA-gated chloride channel. With the restricted use or demise of these polychlorocycloalkanes (each approximately 50 to approximately 75% by weight of chlorine), the GABAergic system is for now an underutilized target of insecticide action. Newer compounds with outstanding potency at this receptor and as toxicants to houseflies are suitably-substituted 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octanes, particularly the bicycloorthobenzoates, and 1,3-dithianes, including those with no halogenated substituents. Picrotoxinin analogs and alkynylphenyl-silatranes also act at this target but are of lower insecticidal activity. [3H]n-Propyl-ethynylbicycloorthobenzoate ([3H]EBOB) is for now the best radioligand for this insecticidally-relevant binding site in insects. Macrocyclic lactones such as the avermectins and moxidectin act at a different binding site to disrupt chloride flux and they have a different spectrum of insecticidal activity and no cross resistance with cyclodienes in houseflies. The search for new insecticides has provided the incentive and probes for a better understanding of the insect GABAergic system.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed and HIP-Consolidated Fe<SUB>3</SUB>Al (1999)

Blended elemental Fe and Al powders were mechanically alloyed in a high energy attritor-type ball milling system. After 100 h milling, a Fe(Al) solid solution with bcc structure was formed in the powders. An ultra-high pressure (1 GPa) hot isostatic pressing (HIP) facility was used in an effort to consolidate the mechanically alloyed powders into fully dense compacts while retaining the nanocrystalline microstructure. Fully dense Fe3Al compacts with a grain size of 180 nm were obtained by HIP treatment at 1073 K, whilst a 973 K HIP treatment produced nearly full density Fe3Al compacts with a grain size of 80 nm. Mechanical properties of the HIPed compacts were evaluated by compression tests from room temperature to 1073 K and compared with those of a coarse-grained cast Fe3Al alloy. The 973 K HIPed compact exhibited a yield strength as high as 2.3 GPa at room temperature, but it suffered from poor ductility. The 1073 K HIPed compact appears promising due to a combination of significantly higher strength, both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures, as well as better room temperature ductility than its cast counterpart.
Marked elevation of CA19-9 in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (2013)

Abstract We report a case of a 78-year-old male was admitted for 2 years of blood CA19-9 >1000 kU/L found at physical examination. Abdominal computed tomography, barium meal and gastrointestinal endoscopy did not find any malignancy. Position emission tomography indicated interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (severe) accompanied with reactive hyperplasia of mediastinal lymph node and bilateral pleural thickening. The patient also claimed to have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for more than 40 years. Then final diagnosis was RA with IPF. The patient’s blood CA19-9 was improved after 5-day treatment of hormone inhalation.
Fourier transform spectroscopy in flavor analysis. V. Infrared spectra of vapors (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFourier transform spectroscopy in flavor analysis. V. Infrared spectra of vaporsManfred J. D. Low, Howard. Mark, and Shie H. ChanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1974, 22, 3, 488–490Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60193a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60193a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Error-tolerant password recovery (2001)

Many encryption systems require the user to memorize high entropy passwords or passphrases and reproduce them exactly. This is often a difficult task. We propose a more fault-tolerant scheme, where a high entropy key (or password) is derived from a sequence of low entropy passwords. The user is able to recover the correct key if she remembers a certain percentage of the passwords correctly. In contrast to other systems that have been proposed for fault-tolerant passwords, our basic design is provably secure against a computationally unbounded attacker.
Stimulatory Effects of<i>α</i>-hANP on Testosterone Secretion in Man (1991)

Several recent observations suggest that atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) can modulate steroidogenesis in isolated rat Leydig cells. At present, it is unknown whether ANP influence human testicular steroidogenesis. We therefore evaluated the effects of alpha-human ANP (hANP) administration on testosterone plasma levels in peripheral and internal spermatic venous blood of young men (catheterized for contrast study of varicocele). Six subjects were injected with 100 micrograms alpha-hANP in the cubital vein. Six different patients similarly received 50 micrograms LHRH. Three controls received 2 ml saline. Plasma LH, FSH, and testosterone were then determined 15 min before, at time of injection, and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter in spermatic vein and peripheral venous blood, as well as at 120 min in peripheral blood. LHRH--induced LH increase was followed by a marked increase of spermatic vein testosterone concentrations, but the peripheral testosterone concentration did not increase. Similarly, alpha-hANP administration did not affect peripheral testosterone and LH concentrations, but significantly increased spermatic vein testosterone levels (P less than 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that alpha-hANP exerts its stimulatory effect on testicular steroidogenesis in man without modifying gonadotropin secretion, suggesting that alpha-hANP may directly influence Leydig cell function.
Proliferation of subependymal cells in the adult primate CNS: differential uptake of DNA labelled precursors. (1983)

New formation of stem cells in the subependymal brain layer of a normal adult primate has been documented by light and electron microscopy and through 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) uptake studies. Serial sections (1.5 micrometer) prepared for autoradiography were examined under the light microscope and then re-embedded for electron microscopy. In individual sections subependymal cells did not appear labeled; however, serial sections revealed that many cells were slightly labeled indicating a low level of 3H-TdR incorporating during DNA synthesis. Dividing subependymal cells were also observed by light and electron microscopy. The poor incorporation of intraperitoneally injected 3H-TdR is due to the blood-brain barrier toward 3H-TdR. Rat experiments with the thymidine analogue, 125I-iododeoxyuridine (IUDR-125I) showed that after intraventricular injection of IUDR-125I about ninety times more radioactivity is incorporated into dividing stem cells of the brain than after an intraperitoneal injection of IUDR-125I. Differential corporation of 3H-TdR seems to depend on the type of stem cells, i. e., whether a stem cell may be precursor for glial or neuronal brain cells. Changes in membrane permeability, intracellular DNA activity as well as difference in locally available "cold" thymidine may be a reason for differential uptake of radioactive thymidine. Differential uptake of 3H-TdR needs consideration when autoradiography is applied on brain cells.
Acute Abdominal Pain Secondary to Chilaiditi Syndrome (2013)

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition occurring in 0.025% to 0.28% of the population. In these patients, the colon is displaced and caught between the liver and the right hemidiaphragm. Patients' symptoms can range from asymptomatic to acute intermittent bowel obstruction. Diagnosis is best achieved with CT imaging. Identification of Chilaiditi syndrome is clinically significant as it can lead to many significant complications such as volvulus, perforation, and bowel obstruction. If the patient is symptomatic, treatment is usually conservative. Surgery is rarely indicated with indications including ischemia and failure of resolution with conservative management.