gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Topographic Investigation on Phase Transition in Quartz. I. Experimental Observations (1974)

Phase transition in quartz was investigated in some detail for single crystals by high temperature X-ray diffraction topography. Twin formation was directly observed in the both directions of the phase transition, low-to-high and high-to-low. Movement of the twin boundaries in twinned crystal or twin formation in “single” crystal occurs on heating at a few degrees below the transition temperature. Twin boundaries move and triangular or needle-like substructures on the boundaries appear on further heating the specimen, but reduction in size of each twinned region is not observed. Observation of the coexistence of α and β phases supports that the α-β phase transition is of first order.
Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in the Netherlands (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContent of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in the NetherlandsMichael G. L. Hertog, Peter C. H. Hollman, and Martijn B. KatanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 12, 2379–2383Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00024a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3877Altmetric-Citations1014LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Process Development for the Recycle of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by Chemical Precipitation (2014)

Recycling of spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has received increasing attention in recent years, because of the increasing usage of LIBs in electronic products and the potential leakage of heavy metals to the soil when they are disposed to the landfills. Chemical precipitation has been widely applied in the recycling process of spent LIBs. However, most processes are developed based on trial and error, leading to the possibility of recovering the wrong product in the precipitation process or excess usage of chemicals. Solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) phase behavior governs the products to be recovered from the precipitation process and can be used to guide and optimize the process. Case studies on the recycling of LiFePO4 and LiCoxMn1–xO2 have been studied in this paper to demonstrate how the SLE phase behavior can be used to design the recovery process. Both case studies illustrate that pure metal salts can be recovered from the precipitation process with high recovery. The case studies also demonstrate how the SLE phase behavior helps to rationalize the separation process developed by previous researchers based on trial and error. The SLE phase behavior can be utilized to determine the optimal operating conditions such as the amount of precipitant to be added to the system. With the insights provided from the SLE phase behavior, new process alternatives can be generated. Process alternatives can be compared with the base case process to determine the optimal process for recycling metal salts from spent LIBs.
A Monte Carlo burnup code linking MCNP and REBUS. (1998)

The REBUS-3 burnup code, used in the ANL RERTR Program, is a very general code that uses diffusion theory (DIF3D) to obtain the fluxes required for reactor burnup analyses. Diffusion theory works well for most reactors. However, to include the effects of exact geometry and strong absorbers that are difficult to model using diffusion theory, a Monte Carlo method is required. MCNP, a general-purpose, generalized-geometry, time-dependent, Monte Carlo transport code, is the most widely used Monte Carlo code. This paper presents a linking of the MCNP code and the REBUS burnup code to perform these difficult burnup analyses. The linked code will permit the use of the full capabilities of REBUS which include non-equilibrium and equilibrium burnup analyses. Results of burnup analyses using this new linked code are also presented.
Congestion pricing and user adaptation (2002)

The problem of sharing bandwidth in a communication network has been the focus of much research aimed at guaranteeing an appropriate quality of service to users. This is particularly challenging in an environment with a great diversity of users and applications, which makes it difficult, if not impossible, to tightly constrain user attributes and requirements. This motivates shifting the burden of rate allocation from the network to the end-systems. We propose a decentralized scheme for user adaptation and study its dynamics. The proposed scheme uses congestion prices as a mechanism for providing both feedback and incentives to end-systems.
Fusion of C60 with Cyclic Amino Acid and Thiourea by Hetero Diels-Alder Reactions (1997)

ChO underwent hetero Diels-Alder reaction with a carbethoxysubstituted 2-aza-1,3-butadiene and trimethylsilylthio-substituted 1,3-dlaza-1,3butadiene (which possibly reacts as trimethylsilylam~no-substituted I-thia-3-aza-I ,3-butadlene) to give C," derivatives fused with cyclic amino acid and thiourea, respectively.The latter was explained to arise under equilibrated cond~t~ons.We have been interested in synthesis of fullerene-heterocycles as a combination of sterlcally and electronically unique structure of C,, and specific functionallties of individual heterocycles.lFor this aim, two modes of cycloaddition are envisaged for direct fuslon of C,, with heterocycles.Since the double bond on C,,, has considerable addition reactivity attributable to its low LUMO level,2 1,3-dipolar cycloaddltlon reactions have been frequently used for fuslon with five-membered heterocycles.3The oxidatwe formal [3+2] cycloaddition and ring-expansion reactions were also developed for accessible routes to this class of compounds.J On the other hand, fuslon with six-membered heterocycles has been attained chlefly by hetero Diels-Alder reactions.These were firstly demonstrated by us in the reactions with an o-quinone methlde and the sulfur analog.'Following I -thla-and 2-aza-1,3-butadiene cases have recently been reported to give dihydrothiopyrane and &lactam derivatives of C60.hIn this paper, we wish to describe that cyclic amino acld and thlourea can be introduced on the surface of C , by t h ~s methodoloby.First examlned was the fuslon of C,, with a cyclic amino acid by the cycloaddition reaction using a carbethoxy-substituted 2-aza-1,3-butadiene (2) The requlred azadlene was rn srtu formed from dehydration of N-benzylideneserine ethyl ester (1) based on the reported procedure.'However, the precedented dehydration with carbonyldiimidazole/triethylamine was unsuccessful in this case, and Instead methanesulfonyl chlorideitriethylamine, which was effective in the fonnatlon of a carbethoxysubstituted 1,3-butadiene,g was applied.Further, the precursor (1) itself can react as a 1,3-dipole as was shown in the related system;Y in fact, when 1 (1 equlv.) was allowed to react with C," at 120 O C for 3 h in chlorobenzene, the pyrrolidine derivative (3) was obtained in 34% yield based on consumed C,,, (64% recovery) (eq l).loIn order to avoid this competitive reaction, the reaction with 1 (10 equiv.) was 'Dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Shun-ichi Yamada.
Recognition of Prostate and Breast Tumor Cells by Helper T Lymphocytes Specific for a Prostate and Breast Tumor-Associated Antigen, TARP (2005)

Our results show that TARP constitutes a TAA that can be recognized by tumor-reactive HTL. The newly described TARP epitopes could be used to optimize and improve T-cell epitope-based immunotherapy against prostate and other tumors expressing TARP.
Automatic control of arterial carbon dioxide tension in mechanically ventilated patients (2002)

This paper presents a method of controlling the arterial carbon dioxide tension of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Controlling of the CO2 tension is achieved by regulating the ventilator initiated breath frequency and also volume per breath.
Polymeric Surfactants Based on Inulin, a Polysaccharide Extracted from Chicory. 1. Synthesis and Interfacial Properties (2001)

Inulin, the polydisperse reserve polysaccharide from chicory, has been modified by carbamoylation in organic solvents. The reaction of inulin with a range of alkyl isocyanates resulted, after crystalization, in a variety of carbamoylated inulins from which the interfacial properties were determined. The medium and long chain carbamoylated inulins showed a good to very good reduction of the interfacial tension which makes these biopolymers interesting in the field of biodegradable surface active agents.
Early fertilization events in the sexual and aposporous egg apparatus of <i>Pennisetum ciliare</i> (L.) Link (1995)

While detailed descriptions exist on the fine structural characteristics of double fertilization in sexual angiosperms, few studies have described fertilization in apomictic species. The results of this study with buffelgrass ( Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn= Cenchrus ciliaris L.) show that differences exist between the early fertilization events in sexual and apomictic (aposporous) female gametophytes. In unpollinated sexual female gametophytes, the egg cell did not show signs of parthenogenetic activity. In contrast, autonomous egg embryony was observed in unpollinated aposporous female gametophytes. Compared with the sexual genotype, degeneration of the synergids in the aposporous female gametophyte was precocious and rapid. During the first 4 h after pollination, the chalazal end of the sexually functional egg cell remained covered by the plasma membrane. In the aposporous embryo sac, a cell wall covered the plasma membrane of the egg cell several hours before penetration of the pollen tube into the female gametophyte.
A three-dimensional hexagonal fluorine-doped tin oxide nanocone array: a superior light harvesting electrode for high performance photoelectrochemical water splitting (2014)

Photonic nanostructures hold great promise in promoting light harvesting. Here we report the first design and construction of a three-dimensional (3D) hexagonal nanocone array of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) on glass as an excellent electrode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The PEC current density with suitably deposited Ti-doped hematite at 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) was increased by 86% to 2.24 ± 0.02 mA cm−2 compared to that with the planar counterpart, mainly ascribable to the special light harvesting effect and the electrode surface area provided by 3D FTO. Upon the embedment of a gold layer to concentrate the incident light onto the hematite layer and the deposition of the Co–Pi catalyst with a modified procedure, the photocurrent experienced a large cathodic shift of onset potential by 360 mV and soared to a high value of 3.39 ± 0.01 mA cm−2 (at 1.23 V), yielding a power conversion efficiency of 0.70% at a potential as low as 0.88 V vs. RHE.
Speech-in-noise screening tests by internet, Part 1: Test evaluation for noise-induced hearing loss identification (2011)

The online screening tests in their current form are unsuitable to be used for early NIHL screening purposes.
Self-Assembled Micelles of Biodegradable Triblock Copolymers Based on Poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) and Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) as Drug Carriers (2007)

A series of novel amphiphilic triblock copolymers of poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) and poly(-caprolactone) (PEEP-PCL-PEEP) with various PEEP and PCL block lengths were synthesized and characterized. These triblock copolymers formed micelles composed of a hydrophobic core of poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) and a hydrophilic shell of poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) (PEEP) in aqueous solution. The micelle morphology was spherical, determined by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the size and critical micelle concentration values of the micelles depended on both hydrophobic PCL block length and PEEP hydrophilic block length. The in vitro degradation characteristics of the triblock copolymers were investigated in micellar form, showing that these copolymers were completely biodegradable under enzymatic catalysis of Pseudomonas lipase and phosphodiesterase I. These triblock copolymers were used for paclitaxel (PTX) encapsulation to demonstrate the potential in drug delivery. PTX was successfully loaded into the micelles, and the in vitro release profile was found to be correlative to the polymer composition. These biodegradable triblock copolymer micelles are potential as novel carriers for hydrophobic drug delivery.
Proteoglycans: Key Regulators of Pulmonary Inflammation and the Innate Immune Response to Lung Infection (2010)

Exposure to viruses and bacteria results in lung infections and places a significant burden on public health. The innate immune system is an early warning system that recognizes viruses and bacteria, which results in the rapid production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines and the pulmonary recruitment of leukocytes. When leukocytes emigrate from the systemic circulation through the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to lung infection they encounter proteoglycans, which consist of a core protein and their associated glycosaminoglycans. In this review, we discuss how proteoglycans serve to modify the pulmonary inflammatory response and leukocyte migration through a number of different mechanisms including: (1) The ability of soluble proteoglycans or fragments of glycosaminoglycans to activate Toll-like receptor (TLRs) signaling pathways; (2) The binding and sequestration of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors by proteoglycans; (3) the ability of proteoglycans and hyaluronan to facilitate leukocyte adhesion and sequestration; and (4) The interactions between proteoglycans and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) that alter the function of these proteases. In conclusion, proteoglycans fine-tune tissue inflammation through a number of different mechanisms. Clarification of the mechanisms whereby proteoglycans modulate the pulmonary inflammatory response will most likely lead to new therapeutic approaches to inflammatory lung disease and lung infection.
Voltage Regulation through Smart Utilization of Potential Reactive Power Resources (2011)

The introduction of demand response concept, in addition to increment of penetration of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energies, make opportunities for the novel control schemes to be integrated in power system on a smart grid framework. Voltage control methods in power systems needs proper coordination among reactive power resources and conventional volt/var control equipments. In this work, potential reactive power resources are investigated and then, reactive power output of renewable DG units and controllable loads along with operation of conventional voltage controllers are optimized using a centralized control scheme. Considering the variability of demand and generation, the controller would minimize voltage variations in distribution network. The operation of distribution network is optimized using genetic algorithm (GA). The method is implemented on a sample 14-bus distribution network and the results show the improvement of voltage profile of different buses.
Borrowing Is Touchy Business (1950)

"Where is my pink cashmere sweater?" wails Polly as she hurriedly dresses for a date. Suddenly she remembers Dottie asked to wear it a week ago, and Dottie's gone home for weekend. More than a little peeved, Polly dons a different sweater. Are you guilty of being a poor borrower like Dottie?
Novel Inhibitor Design for Hemagglutinin against H1N1 Influenza Virus by Core Hopping Method (2011)

The worldwide spread of H1N1 avian influenza and the increasing reports about its resistance to the current drugs have made a high priority for developing new anti-influenza drugs. Owing to its unique function in assisting viruses to bind the cellular surface, a key step for them to subsequently penetrate into the infected cell, hemagglutinin (HA) has become one of the main targets for drug design against influenza virus. To develop potent HA inhibitors, the ZINC fragment database was searched for finding the optimal compound with the core hopping technique. As a result, the Neo6 compound was obtained. It has been shown through the subsequent molecular docking studies and molecular dynamic simulations that Neo6 not only assumes more favorable conformation at the binding pocket of HA but also has stronger binding interaction with its receptor. Accordingly, Neo6 may become a promising candidate for developing new and more powerful drugs for treating influenza. Or at the very least, the findings reported here may provide useful insights to stimulate new strategy in this area.
A Model for Colour Prediction of Halftoned Samples Incorporating Light Scattering and Ink Spreading (1999)

This study introduces new models an d mathematica l formulations describing the light scattering and ink spreading phenomena. Based on thes e new theoretical tools, the spectra of 100 real pape r samples produced by two ink-jet printers were computed with an average prediction error of about ΔE = 2.1 in CIELAB.
An efficient heuristic-based algorithm for wavelength converter placement in all-optical networks (2007)

Wavelength conversion and routing are the two key techniques used for improvement of the overall blocking performance in wavelength routed all-optical networks. As wavelength converters are very expensive, the effective use of wavelength converters or more precisely placement of minimum number of wavelength converter in the appropriate nodes in the network is a challenging issue in the field of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. In this paper, we have studied the performance of Sparse Complete Wavelength Conversion (SCWC) network architecture. An efficient heuristicbased algorithm is proposed based on Alternate Routing Minimum Blocking Probability (ARMBP) for efficient placement of wavelength converters under K-alternate Routing with Shortest Path First-First Fit (AR-SPF-FF) routing and wavelength assignment. The performance of our proposed algorithm is analyzed with the help of extensive simulations for a wide range of network topology. The results show that our proposed approach produces better performance compared to the existing wavelength converter placement algorithms.
Microbial growth on C1 compounds. Incorporation of C1 units into allulose phosphate by extracts of <i>Pseudomonas methanica</i> (1966)

1. Incubation of cell-free extracts of methane- or methanol-grown Pseudomonas methanica with [(14)C]formaldehyde and d-ribose 5-phosphate leads to incorporation of radioactivity into a non-volatile product, which has the chromatographic properties of a phosphorylated compound. 2. Treatment of this reaction product with a phosphatase, followed by chromatography, shows the presence of two compounds whose chromatographic properties are consistent with their being free sugars. 3. The minor component of the dephosphorylated products has been identified as fructose. The major component has been identified as allulose (psicose) on the basis of co-chromatography, co-crystallization of the derived phenylosazone and dinitrophenylosazone with authentic derivatives of allulose and behaviour towards oxidation with bromine water. 4. It is suggested that the bacterial extracts catalyse the condensation of a C(1) unit identical with, or derived from, formaldehyde with ribose 5-phosphate to give allulose 6-phosphate. 5. Testing of hexose phosphates and pentose phosphates as substrates has so far shown the reaction to be specific for ribose 5-phosphate. 6. The condensation reaction is not catalysed by extracts of methanol-grown Pseudomonas AM1. 7. A variant of the pentose phosphate cycle, involving this condensation reaction, is suggested as an explanation for the net synthesis of C(3) compounds from C(1) units by P. methanica.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Automotive Multi-Port Electronic Fuel Delivery System (1991)

A dynamic model of a multi-port electronic fuel injection system, capable of analyzing fast fluid transients in the fuel, is presented. The model consists of distributed parameter models for fuel lines and lumped parameter models for the fuel pump, pressure regulator and injectors. Modal approximation is used to model fuel lines. An experimental test bench has been established, and comparison of simulation and experimental results shows excellent agreement in transient characteristics. Using this experimentally verified model, the effects of injector clogging and vapor in the fuel rail on pressure transients are examined. A bond graph model of the total system is presented to identify the proper formulation of each subsystem model.
Abnormal Grain Growth and Microcracking in Boron Carbide (1985)

Boron carbide compacts sintered between 2220° and 2250° C showed abnormal grain growth that was associated with twinning and microcracking. The twin direction was 〈011〉. The microcracking was linked to thermal expansion anisotropy determined by high‐temperature lattice constant measurement.
Analysis of the anti-apoptotic activity of four vaccinia virus proteins demonstrates that B13 is the most potent inhibitor in isolation and during viral infection (2014)

Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a large dsDNA virus encoding ~200 proteins, several of which inhibit apoptosis. Here, a comparative study of anti-apoptotic proteins N1, F1, B13 and Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP) in isolation and during viral infection is presented. VACVs strains engineered to lack each gene separately still blocked apoptosis to some degree because of functional redundancy provided by the other anti-apoptotic proteins. To overcome this redundancy, we inserted each gene separately into a VACV strain (vv811) that lacked all these anti-apoptotic proteins and that induced apoptosis efficiently during infection. Each protein was also expressed in cells using lentivirus vectors. In isolation, each VACV protein showed anti-apoptotic activity in response to specific stimuli, as measured by immunoblotting for cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase-1 and caspase-3 activation. Of the proteins tested, B13 was the most potent inhibitor, blocking both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, whilst the activity of the other proteins was largely restricted to inhibition of intrinsic stimuli. In addition, B13 and F1 were effective blockers of apoptosis induced by vv811 infection. Finally, whilst differences in induction of apoptosis were barely detectable during infection with VACV strain Western Reserve compared with derivative viruses lacking individual anti-apoptotic genes, several of these proteins reduced activation of caspase-3 during infection by vv811 strains expressing these proteins. These results illustrated that vv811 was a useful tool to determine the role of VACV proteins during infection and that whilst all of these proteins have some anti-apoptotic activity, B13 was the most potent.