gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency purification and chemical characterization of B cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin 4. (1987)

B cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin 4, a lymphokine produced by phorbol ester activated-EL-4 thymoma cells, was purified to homogeneity in good yield by a two-step purification procedure, using affinity chromatography and a single subsequent round of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The N-terminal sequence of the first 24 amino acids was consistent with that inferred from the nucleotide sequence of BSF-1 cDNA clones. Amino acid composition analysis also agreed well with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. A rabbit antibody to a peptide corresponding to positions 100 to 113 inferred from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clones bound to BSF-1 purified from EL-4 cells. Purified BSF-1 possesses complex N-linked glycosidic side chains as shown by reduction in Mr from 20,000 to approximately 15,000 by endoglycosidase F but not by endoglycosidase H treatment. Removal of these N-linked sugars does not diminish the activity of BSF-1 as a costimulant in the response of B cells to anti-IgM. By contrast, the reduction of disulfide bonds completely destroyed biologic activity. A monoclonal antibody to BSF-1 blocks its binding to cellular receptors and inhibits biological activities, whereas antibody to the BSF-1 peptide (100-113) has neither effect.
Boosting Automatic Commit Classification Into Maintenance Activities By Utilizing Source Code Changes (2017)

Background: Understanding maintenance activities performed in a source code repository could help practitioners reduce uncertainty and improve cost-effectiveness by planning ahead and pre-allocating resources towards source code maintenance. The research community uses 3 main classification categories for maintenance activities: Corrective: fault fixing; Perfective: system improvements; Adaptive: new feature introduction. Previous work in this area has mostly concentrated on evaluating commit classification (into maintenance activities) models in the scope of a single software project.
A comparative study on the various monolithic low noise amplifier circuit topologies for RF and microwave applications (1996)

This paper critically compares the various monolithic low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit topologies using BiCMOS or MESFET technologies for RF and microwave applications, in addition to the conventional techniques, five newly proposed schemes for the simultaneous noise and input power matching are extensively compared with each other at microwave frequencies. At L-band, the best scheme is found to be the proposed cascode inductive series feedback (CCSF) or common-source inductive series feedback (CSSL)+common-gate inductive parallel feedback (CGPF) when 0.5 /spl mu/m GaAs MESFET is used, while it is cascode resistive parallel feedback (CCPF) when n-p-n BJT is used. At C- and X-bands, the proposed CGPF exhibits the best performance. Other than CGPF, the CSSL+CGPF seems to he the best at 6 GHz, and both CCPF+CGPF and CSSL+CGPF are recommended at 12 GHz. Finally, to verify the feasibility of this approach, a CCPF has been fabricated with 0.5 /spl mu/m GaAs MMIC technology, of which measured results agree well with the simulated ones.
Suicide prodrugs activated by thymidylate synthase: rationale for treatment and noninvasive imaging of tumors with deoxyuridine analogues. (1999)

Most tumors are resistant to therapy by thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors due to their high levels of TS. Instead of inhibiting TS, we hypothesized that it was possible to use this enzyme to activate suicide prodrugs (deoxyuridine analogues) to more toxic species (thymidine analogues). Tumors with high levels of TS could be particularly sensitive to deoxyuridine analogues because they would be more efficient in producing the toxic methylated species. Furthermore, the accumulation of methylated species within tumors could be visualized externally if a tracer dose of the deoxyuridine analogue was tagged with an isotope, preferably a positron emitter, such as 18F. Higher accumulation of isotope indicates higher activity of TS and lower sensitivity of the tumor to TS inhibitors, but perhaps more sensitivity to therapy with deoxyuridine analogues as suicide prodrugs. 2'-F-ara-deoxyuridine (FAU) was used as a prototype to demonstrate these concepts experimentally. FAU readily entered cells and was phosphorylated, methylated, and subsequently incorporated into cellular DNA. Among different cell lines, FAU produced varying degrees of growth inhibition. Greater DNA incorporation (e.g., for CEM and U-937 cells) was reflected as increased toxicity. FAU produced less DNA incorporation in Raji or L1210 cells, and growth rate was minimally decreased. As the first demonstration that cells with high levels of TS activity can be more vulnerable to therapy than cells with low TS activity, this preliminary work suggests a new therapeutic approach for common human tumors that were previously resistant. Furthermore, it appears that the TS activity of tumors could be noninvasively imaged in situ by tracer doses of [18F]FAU and that this phenotypic information could guide patient therapy.
Vehicular location and information systems (1970)

Various land mobile communities are actively seeking new tools which will offer significant improvements in the efficiency with which they manage the operations of their mobile fleets. The various types of location and information reporting techniques which can be used to supplement existing voice-radio communications to achieve this goal are described. Both fixed- and random-route location systems will be considered in terms of system characteristics as these relate to the needs of specific user groups such as law enforcement agencies and transportation organizations. The location techniques considered will include electronic signposts, trilateration (direct measurement using both wide-band (pulse) and narrow-band (phase) modulation), and automatic navigation systems. System parameters to be discussed will include: spectrum efficiency, Federal Communications Commission licensing considerations, required and achievable location accuracies, data-system speeds and reliability, and elements of cost effectiveness analysis. Finally, requirements for other types of vehicular information which are needed to produce a practical total system will be explored.
Coordinator's Column (2004)

No AccessPerspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia)Coordinator’s Column1 Oct 2004Coordinator's Column Paula A. Sullivan Paula A. Sullivan Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/sasd13.3.1 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In "Coordinator's Column." Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia), 13(3), pp. 1–2 References The quote garden. (1998–2004). Retrieved August 10, 2004, from www.quotegarden.com/autumn.html Google Scholar Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 13Issue 3October 2004Pages: 1-2 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Oct 1, 2004 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...
Predicting low back pain patients' response to lumbar sympathetic nerve blocks and interdisciplinary rehabilitation: The role of pretreatment overt pain behavior and cognitive coping strategies (1991)

The current study examined the ability of overt pain behavior and cognitive coping strategies to predict low back pain patients' subsequent response to lumbar sympathetic nerve blocks and interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation. Seventeen chronic low back pain patients participated in the study. Each was assessed regarding pretreatment overt pain behavior, cognitive coping strategies and pretreatment outcome measures. They then received interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation including lumbar sympathetic blocks. Findings showed that patients exhibited significant improvement in posttreatment outcome measures and specific responses to nerve blocks. Regression analyses revealed that cognitive coping strategies failed to demonstrate any predictive utility across blocks or outcome measures. In contrast, overt pain behavior observed during the first block was highly predictive of acute and chronic subjective pain associated with initial and subsequent blocks, as well as posttreatment outcome measures for interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation. The more overt pain behavior observed during block 1, the more acute and chronic subjective pain observed across blocks and the poorer subsequent treatment outcome measures. This predictive capability was demonstrated over and above that of other pretreatment measures such as pain duration, number of surgeries, and receipt of economic compensation. Given the small sample size results were viewed with caution. It was concluded, however, that overt pain behavior might well be a significant predictor variable for specific and combined interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation techniques.
The alpha alignment factor: a solution to the underestimation of risk for optimized active portfolios (2013)

A common criticism of risk models is that they have a tendency to underestimate the risk associated with optimized portfolios. Quantitative portfolio managers have historically used a variety of ad hoc techniques to overcome this issue in their investment processes. In this paper, we construct a theory explaining why risk models underestimate the risk of optimized portfolios. We show that the problem does not necessarily lie solely with the risk model, but is instead due to the interaction of expected returns, constraints and a risk model in an optimizer. We develop an optimization technique that incorporates a dynamic alpha alignment factor (AAF) into the factor risk model during the optimization process. Using actual portfolio manager backtests, we illustrate how pervasive the underestimation problem can be and we show the effectiveness of the proposed AAF in correcting the bias of the risk estimates of optimized portfolios.
Ex vivo cytokine production by whole blood cells from cancer patients. (1996)

It has been hypothesized that the development of cancer might partially result from a diminution of immunocompetence. Using ex vivo cytokine production by whole blood (WB) cells after polyclonal activation, we compared cytokine production levels of cancer patients to those of healthy controls. Seventeen patients without any prior treatment and attending the hospital for oncological surgery (for cancers of several origins) were enrolled in the study. WB was collected in heparinized tubes, diluted 1/10 in RPMI 1640 and incubated for 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h at 37 degrees C in the presence of 5 micrograms/ml PHA and 25 micrograms/ml LPS. Cytokine levels in the supernatant were measured by specific immunoassay kits. IL-10 levels after 24 h of culture, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF levels after 24 and 72 h of culture, and LIF levels after 72 h of culture were significantly lower in cancer patients than in healthy controls. No significant difference was observed for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and TNF-alpha production at any culture time. Our results suggest that the putative immunosuppression of cancer patients might be reflected by their reduced production of immunostimulated cytokines.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Silylation of 1-Arylpyrazole Derivatives and Fluoride-Mediated Carboxylation: Use of Two Nitrogen Atoms of the Pyrazole Group (2014)

Carboxylation of 1-arylpyrazole derivatives was developed using a ruthenium-catalyzed <i>ortho</i> silylation in conjunction with fluoride-mediated carboxylation with carbon dioxide. The two nitrogen atoms of pyrazole play crucial roles in promoting <i>ortho</i> silylation via the formation of a five-membered ruthenacycle and in accelerating aryl anion formation by lowering the electron density of the aromatic ring.
Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Bisphenols and Polycarbonates Incorporating Bisaryl Units (2005)

Theoretical arguments linking monomer geometries to polymer fracture strengths and melt flow properties provide the rationale for design of a series of isomeric, high-aspect ratio bisphenols and new polycarbonates. An efficient synthesis of these monomers in addition to an optimal triphosgenation-based method for the synthesis of high molecular weight polycarbonates is presented. Preparation and polymerization of o-, meta-, and p-tetraaryl bisphenol A are reported, in addition to glass transition temperatures of the new polycarbonates. In accordance with expectations, the p- and m- isomers form ductile, amorphous high-heat films, while the o-isomer produces a relatively low-Tg brittle glass.
Impacts of sensor node distributions on coverage in sensor networks (2011)

a b s t r a c t Network coverage is an important Quality of Service (QoS) measurement for many sensor network applications. Many existing studies on network coverage are based on the knowledge of sensor node distributions in sensing fields, which are often represented by given probability distributions. In this paper, we study the impacts of sensor node distributions on network coverage. We first show the impacts on network coverage by adopting different sensor node distributions through both analytical and simulation studies. We observe that assumed different sensor location distributions may lead to significant differences in coverage estimation. Then, we adopt a distribution-free approach to study network coverage, in which no assumption of probability distribution of sensor node locations are needed. The proposed approach has yielded good estimations of network coverage. Though only network coverage is studied in this paper, we believe that this methodology can be generalized and extended to estimation of other sensor network performance metrics.
Multi-channel processing of turbo codes (2003)

A turbo decoder uses an iterative procedure and its performance is dependent on the number of iterations it performs. In a turbo decoder, the number of iterations required to achieve a certain FER is a function of the channel SNR. An example of this is a base station in a mobile communication system, where turbo decoder receives data frames from different users each with a given level of fading and as a result, with different SNR. If a fixed number of iterations is allocated to each frame, it is possible that certain frames remain erroneous while decoder is idle part of the time for other frames. In this thesis the idea of sharing the processing power among different frames, possibly belonging to different channels, is used. This time-sharing approach can increase the processing throughput and/or the performance of the turbo decoding scheme. We present two schemes and give their performance for the 3GPP and DVB-RCS codes. The first one is serial processing algorithm, which decodes the input frames one by one and the other one is parallel processing scheme that tries to decode all of those received channels simultaneously. We investigated the implementation of these schemes using a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) chip (TI TMS320C6416 DSP CPU). We have developed an efficient implementation algorithm by combining those two multi-channel processing schemes. All the presented schemes can also be used for a single-channel communication system
Review of Recent Developments in Wave Rotor Combustion Technology (2009)

For some decades, efforts have been made to exploit nonsteady combustion and gas dynamic phenomenon. The theoretical potential of nonsteady-flow machines has led to the investigation of various oscillatory flow devices such as pulse detonation engines, wave rotors, pulse jets, and nonsteady ejectors. This paper aims to provide a progress review of past and current research in developing a particular combustion concept: the wave rotor combustor. This pressure-gain combustor appears to have considerable potential to enhance the performance and operating characteristics of gas turbine and jet engines. After attempts in the mid-twentieth century were thwarted by mechanical problems and technical challenges identified herein, recent successes in Switzerland and efforts in the United States benefited from design expertise developed with pressure-exchange wave rotors. The history, potential benefits, past setbacks, and existing challenges and obstacles in developing these nonsteady combustors are reviewed. This review focuses on recent efforts that seek to improve the performance and costs of future propulsion and power-generation systems.
Complexes of DOTA−Bisphosphonate Conjugates:  Probes for Determination of Adsorption Capacity and Affinity Constants of Hydroxyapatite (2008)

The adsorption on hydroxyapatite of three conjugates of a bisphosphonate and a macrocycle having C1, C2, and C3 spacers and their terbium complexes was studied by the radiotracer method using 160Tb as the label. The radiotracer-containing complex of the conjugate with the C3 spacer was used as a probe for the determination of the adsorption parameters of other bisphosphonates that lack a DOTA unit. A physicochemical model describing the competitive adsorption was successfully applied in the fitting of the obtained data. The maximum adsorption capacity of bisphosphonates containing bulky substituents is determined mainly by their size. For bisphosphonates having no DOTA moiety, the maximum adsorption capacity is determined by the electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged bisphosphonate groups. Compounds with a hydroxy or amino group attached to the alpha-carbon atom show higher affinities. Macrocyclic compounds containing a short spacer between the different bisphosphonic acid groups and the macrocyclic unit exhibit high affinities, indicating a synergic effect of the bisphosphonic and the macrocyclic groups during adsorption. The competition method described uses a well-characterized complex and allows a simple evaluation of the adsorption behavior of bisphosphonates. The application of the macrocycle-bisphosphonate conjugates allows easy radiolabeling via complexation of a suitable metal isotope.
Computer-aided analysis of electronic DC-DC transformers (1988)

An approach to the analysis of electronic DC-to-DC transformers using the SPICE simulation program as an aid is presented. In this approach, the minimum separable switching configuration (MISSCO) of a DC-to-DC transformer is first identified and its equivalent circuit determined before analysis and simulation are carried out on the complete converter circuit. Both the modeling of the MISSCO and the simulation using SPICE program can be easily performed to produce plots of frequency and phase characteristics of the circuit, which are useful for design purposes. A full analysis of the DC-to-DC transformer is also described to enhance an understanding of the circuit behavior, in addition to just modeling and simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Iridium, Platinum, Rhodium and Palladium (2003)

This article reviews the progress in the chemical vapor deposition of iridium, platinum, rhodium and palladium metals. In the course of the last decade the number of articles on CVD of this group of metals has increased significantly. A wide variety of metal organic complexes have been investigated as potential precursors and appreciable results have been obtained. However, some aspects such as low deposition rates and impurity incorporation into the films still remain as concerns in this area. The representative results on CVD of these metals are presented according to the type of metal organic complexes used.
Sperm protein 17 is expressed on normal and malignant lymphocytes and promotes heparan sulfate–mediated cell-cell adhesion (2001)

Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a highly conserved mammalian protein present on acrosome-reacted sperm that is thought to promote fertilization by binding sulfated carbohydrates of the oocyte zona pellucida. Although Sp17 was originally described as a testis-specific antigen, emerging evidence indicates that it may be more ubiquitously expressed than was previously thought. With the use of a specific antiserum, Sp17 was found to be present on the surface of malignant lymphoid cells, including B- and T-lymphoid cell lines, and on the surface of primary cells isolated from 2 patients having B-lymphoid tumors. Surprisingly, circulating B lymphocytes isolated from healthy volunteers also expressed Sp17, while circulating T lymphocytes exhibited only very weak expression. The role of Sp17 in promoting lymphoid cell adhesion was addressed with the use of recombinant Sp17 (rSp17). The rSp17 binds to the surface of myeloma cells but not to cells pretreated with heparitinase, an enzyme that removes heparan sulfate from the cell surface. Moreover, rSp17 promotes extensive aggregation of cells that express the syndecan-1 heparan sulfate proteoglycan, but in contrast, cells lacking syndecan-1 expression fail to aggregate in the presence of rSp17. These findings suggest that Sp17 promotes heparan sulfate-mediated cell aggregation and thereby plays a role in regulating adhesion and migration of normal and malignant lymphocytes.
Increased osteoblast function on PLGA composites containing nanophase titania (2005)

Nanotechnology creates materials that potentially outperform, at several boundaries, existing materials in terms of mechanical, electrical, catalytic, and optical properties. However, despite their promise to mimic the surface roughness cells experience in vivo, the use of nanophase materials in biological applications remains to date largely unexplored. The objective of the present in vitro study was, therefore, to determine whether when added to a polymer scaffold, nanophase compared to conventional ceramics enhance functions of osteoblasts (or bone-forming cells). Results from this study provided the first evidence that functions (specifically, adhesion, synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, and deposition of calcium-containing mineral) of osteoblasts increased on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds containing nanophase compared to conventional grain size titania with greater weight percentage (from 10-30 wt %). Because the chemistry, material phase, porosity (%), and pore size of the composites were similar, this study implies that the surface features created by adding nanophase compared to conventional titania was a key parameter that enhanced functions of osteoblasts. In this manner, the study adds another novel property of nanophase ceramics: their ability to promote osteoblast functions in vitro when added to a polymer scaffold. For this reason, nanophase ceramics (and nanomaterials in general) deserve further attention as orthopedic tissue engineering materials.
Increases in GABA concentrations during cerebral ischaemia: a microdialysis study of extracellular amino acids (2002)

The results suggest that, in the human brain, acute cerebral ischaemia is not accompanied by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, but by an increase in all neurotransmitter amino acids. These findings concur with the animal models of ischaemia and raise the possibility of an endogenous GABA mediated neuroprotective mechanism in humans.