gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β‐Turn conformations in crystal structures of model peptides containing α,α‐Di‐<i>n</i>‐propylglycine and α,α‐Di‐<i>n</i>‐butylglycine (1995)

The crystal state conformations of three peptides containing the alpha,alpha-dialkylated residues, alpha,alpha-di-n-propylglycine (Dpg) and alpha,alpha-di-n-butylglycine (Dbg), have been established by x-ray diffraction. Boc-Ala-Dpg-Ala-OMe (I) and Boc-Ala-Dbg-Ala-OMe (II) adopt distorted type II beta-turn conformations with Ala (1) and Dpg/Dbg (2) as the corner residues. In both peptides the conformational angles at the Dxg residue (I: phi = 66.2 degrees, psi = 19.3 degrees; III: phi = 66.5 degrees, psi = 21.1 degrees) deviate appreciably from ideal values for the i + 2 residue in a type II beta-turn. In both peptides the observed (N...O) distances between the Boc CO and Ala (3) NH groups are far too long (I: 3.44 A; III: 3.63 A) for an intramolecular 4-->1 hydrogen bond. Boc-Ala-Dpg-Ala-NHMe (II) crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Both molecules IIA and IIB adopt consecutive beta-turn (type III-III in IIA and type III-I in IIB) or incipient 3(10)-helical structures, stabilized by two intramolecular 4-->1 hydrogen bonds. In all four molecules the bond angle N-C alpha-C' (tau) at the Dxg residues are > or = 110 degrees. The observation of conformational angles in the helical region of phi,psi space at these residues is consistent with theoretical predictions.
Thylakoid localized bestrophin-like proteins are essential for the CO <sub>2</sub> concentrating mechanism of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2019)

Significance Models of the CO 2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) of green algae and diatoms postulate that chloroplast CO 2 is generated from HCO 3 − brought into the acidic thylakoid lumen and converted to CO 2 by specific thylakoid carbonic anhydrases. However, the identity of the transporter required for thylakoid HCO 3 − uptake has remained elusive. In this work, 3 bestrophin-like proteins, BST1–3, located on the thylakoid membrane have been found to be essential to the CCM of Chlamydomonas . Reduction in expression of BST1–3 markedly reduced the inorganic carbon affinity of the alga. These proteins are prime candidates to be thylakoid HCO 3 − transporters, a critical currently missing step of the CCM required for future engineering efforts of the Chlamydomonas CCM into plants to improve photosynthesis.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Production of Ethanol from Potato Starch (in English) (1994)

Ethanol was produced from potato starch suspension containing 23% DM. The main process stages were; liquefaction with bacterial a-amylase, saccharification with glycosidase and fermentation of the obtained syrup with bakerâs yeast. Similar alcohol concentrations were obtained in the processes with 2 and 24 hours of saccharification (10.4% and 10.6% respectively) before fermentation.
TYPES OF OIL FIELDS IN BOTTINEAU COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA1 (1956)

ABSTRACT Bottineau County is located in North Central North Dakota. The North Westhope field and the Northeast Landa field are presented as examples of the two known types of oil fields in this county. The North Westhope field is located in a structural syncline plunging to the southwest. Production is from two porous limestone zones in the Mississippian Charles formation. Due to pre-Triassic erosion, these zones disappear up-dip where they are overlain at their wedge-edges by Triassic red beds. Thus the accumulation in the field is caused by stratigraphic traps in the structural syncline. The Northeast Landa field is located on an east-west trending anticlinal structure with approximately 100 feet of closure. Production is from a porous limestone zone in the Mississippian Mission Canyon formation.
Immunolocalization of vgr (BMP‐6, DVR‐6), a TGF‐β related cytokine, to Schwann cells of the rat peripheral nervous system: Expression patterns are not modulated by autoimmune disease (1995)

The transforming growth factors type beta (TGF-beta) have been implicated in regulation of peripheral nervous system inflammation and regeneration. Here we demonstrate expression of a TGF-beta-related bone morphogenetic protein, the vgr (BMP-6, DVR-6) in Schwann cells of the rat peripheral nervous system. The expression of vgr in the peripheral nervous system suggests that this factor and probably other TGF-beta-related bone morphogenetic proteins might participate in Schwann cell function during aspects of peripheral nervous system physiology and pathology. However, we did not observe changes in expression patterns in response to autoimmune inflammation (experimental autoimmune neuritis) of the peripheral nervous system.
Catalytic Enantioselective C−C Bond Forming Conjugate Additions with Vinyl Sulfones (2005)

In this communication, we describe the development of the first highly enantioselective catalytic conjugate addition to vinyl sulfones. Promoted by readily accessible organocatalysts derived from C6'-OH cinchona alkaloid derivatives and under mild, air- and moisture-tolerant conditions, conjugate additions of a wide range of alpha-cyanoacetates bearing either an alpha-aryl or an alpha-alkyl substituent to vinyl sulfones proceeded in excellent enantioselectivity and high yield. Consequently, this efficient and operationally simple enantioselective C-C bond forming conjugate addition provides a new and useful approach for the enantioselective construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
Optical multi-wavelength PPM for high data rate transmission on indoor channels (2002)

In indoor optical channels, intersymbol interference (ISI) due to the multipath propagation prevents high data rate transmission. A new optical multi-wavelength PPM (pulse position modulation) has been investigated for improving the quality of transmission. In this strategy, parallel transmission is accomplished which lowers the data rate per channel and thus reduces the effect of ISI. Furthermore, this strategy also implements a parallel coding technique in the predetermined parallel branches. This parallel coding corrects errors without changing the system data rate. The simulation results show that a combination of these methods can achieve high quality transmission without reduction of the total data rate.
Three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering from inhomogeneous objects by the hybrid moment and finite element method (1990)

The hybrid moment and finite element methods are used to obtain 3-D scattering and/or absorption from inhomogeneous, arbitrarily shaped objects. The surface of the object is approximated by triangles and the volume of the object is approximated by tetrahedrons. The electrical parameters are assumed constant in each tetrahedron. The Galerkin testing procedure is used. To avoid contaminations of spurious mode, a divergenceless vector basis function is used in finite elements. The calculated internal field and scattered field for a homogeneous sphere, a layered sphere, and a lossy prolate spheroid are compared with Mie series solutions and other numerical techniques. The accuracy and rate of convergence of the solution are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reliability vs. efficiency in distributed source coding for field-gathering sensor networks (2004)

The tradeoff between reliability and efficiency in distributed source coding for field-gathering sensor networks is examined. In the considered networks, sensors measure some underlying random field, quantize their measurements, encode the quantized values into bits and transmit these directly, or via relays, to a collector that reconstructs the field. The bits from one sensor's encoder are regarded as a packet. The minimum achievable coding rate can be attained if the sensors are ordered and each applies Slepian-Wolf distributed coding to its data assuming the decoder knows the data from all prior sensors. However, with such a coding scheme, losing even one sensor's packet would cause decoding failure for all subsequent sensors' values. Therefore, one might consider other ways of applying Slepian-Wolf coding, where in trade for increased coding rate, fewer sensor values are lost when a packet is lost. In this paper, the tradeoff between efficiency, i.e. coding rate, and reliability, characterized by a loss factor, is considered for several different Slepian-Wolf based coding schemes as a function of the packet error probability and the size of the network.
Deadline Differentiated Pricing of Deferrable Electric Loads (2016)

A large fraction of total electricity demand is comprised of end-use devices whose demand for energy is inherently deferrable in time. Of interest is the potential to use this latent flexibility in demand to absorb variability in power supplied from intermittent renewable generation. A fundamental challenge lies in the design of incentives that induce the desired response in demand. With an eye to electric vehicle charging, we propose a novel forward market for deadline-differentiated electric power service, where consumers consent to deferred service of prespecified loads in exchange for a reduced price for energy. The longer a consumer is willing to defer, the lower the price for energy. The proposed forward contract provides a guarantee on the aggregate quantity of energy to be delivered by a consumer-specified deadline. Under the earliest-deadline-first (EDF) scheduling policy, which is shown to be optimal for the supplier, we explicitly characterize a non-discriminatory, deadline-differentiated pricing scheme that yields an efficient competitive equilibrium between the supplier and consumers. We further show that this efficient pricing scheme, in combination with EDF scheduling, is incentive compatible in that every consumer would like to reveal her true deadline to the supplier, regardless of the actions taken by other consumers.
Alteration of the Structure of Human Stratum Corneum Facilitates Transdermal Delivery (2014)

Transdermal transport of pharmacologically active components into the skin depends on the ability of galenic formulations to overcome the stratum corneum (SC) barrier. Microemulsions (ME) are thermodynamically stable liquid systems composed of water, oil and surfactants which may be used for skin permeation and enhance penetration of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic compounds. We investigated using transmission electron microscopy the effect of ME on human epidermis ex vivo, in order to establish relationship between the type of ME, i.e.: oil-in-water, water-in-oil, gellike, thickened or not with colloidal silica, and the ultrastructural changes in SC barrier resulting from their topical application. ME induced various degrees of dissociation of the SC. The intercellular lipid matrix in the SC became disorganized, which contributed to the separation of corneocytes. This effect was intensified with the increasing oil content in the ME and also when ME were applied under occlusion. The observed morphological changes were in agreement with the increased permeability of ME-treated skin to both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds reported in the literature. Severe deterioration of the SC barrier induced with the selected ME makes them suitable for selected indications only.
Virtual View Generation with a Hybrid Camera Array (2009)

Virtual view synthesis from an array of cameras has been an essential element of three-dimensional video broadcasting/conferencing. In this paper, we propose a scheme based on a hybrid camera array consisting of four regular video cameras and one time-of-flight depth camera. During rendering, we use the depth image from the depth camera as initialization, and compute a view-dependent scene geometry using constrained plane sweeping from the regular cameras. View-dependent texture mapping is then deployed to render the scene at the desired virtual viewpoint. Experimental results show that the addition of the time-of-flight depth camera greatly improves the rendering quality compared with an array of regular cameras with similar sparsity. In the application of 3D video boardcasting/conferencing, our hybrid camera system demonstrates great potential in reducing the amount of data for compression/streaming while maintaining high rendering quality. 1
Canada Thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>) Control in No-Tillage Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) (1994)

Canada thistle control in no-tillage corn was studied in Western Maryland from 1990 to 1992. The best treatment at planting for controlling Canada thistle was a tank mixture of 2240 g/ha glyphosate plus 560 g/ha 2,4-D. Clopyralid applied at 210 and 280 g/ha alone and 106 g/ha tank mixed with 560 g/ha 2,4-D effectively controlled Canada thistle in no-tillage corn (85 to 96%). Nicosulfuron applied at 35 g/ha and 20 or 40 g/ha primisulfuron suppressed Canada thistle (59 to 75%). Tank mixtures of nicosulfuron or primisulfuron with 2,4-D or dicamba generally increased Canada thistle control (75 to 87%) compared with control by these herbicides applied alone. Treatments that controlled Canada thistle generally increased corn yields compared with the weedy controls. Yield increases were most dramatic in 1991 when precipitation was low.
Octave spanning high-quality supercontinuum generation in all-fiber system (2007)

Recently, widely broadened supercontinuum (SC) has been generated using ultrashort pulse and highly nonlinear fibers. However, inherent noise and fine structures have been the problem for the application of SC. We demonstrate wideband, low-noise, highly coherent, and ultraflat SC generation using soliton pulse and normal dispersion highly nonlinear fibers. Characteristics of generated SC are experimentally evaluated, and they are compared with those of the conventional SC. Octave spanning high-quality SC is also generated using high-power soliton pulse.
Mechanically Flexible and Multifunctional Polymer‐Based Graphene Foams for Elastic Conductors and Oil‐Water Separators (2013)

We present a novel strategy for the fabrication of ordered and flexible polymer-based graphene foams by self-assembly of graphene sheets on a 3D polymer skeleton. The obtained graphene foams show excellent mechanical, electrical, and hydrophobic properties, thus holding great potential as elastic conductors and oil-water separators.
Swirling flow pattern in a non-planar model of an interposition vein cuff anastomosis (2005)

One of the main causes of long-term failure of ePTFE grafts is the development of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia which leads to graft thrombosis. Experimental studies with bypass grafts have shown an inverse relationship between mean wall shear stress and intimal hyperplasia. The geometry of the anastomosis has a strong influence on the flow pattern and wall shear stress distribution. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of non-planarity in a model of a distal anastomosis with interposition vein cuff, an anastomosis configuration that is increasingly being used because of improved clinical results. Laser Doppler anemometer measurements were carried out in silicone rubber models of interposition vein cuff anastomoses with planar and non-planar inflow. The pulsatile flow waveforms were typical of those found in femoro-infrapopliteal bypass. Axial and radial velocities were measured in the proximal and distal outflow segments. As expected a symmetrical helical flow pattern (Dean flow) was evident in the planar model. The model with non-planar inflow, however, gave rise to swirling flow in both the distal and proximal artery outflow segments for during the systolic phase. In patients, the anastomosis is usually non-planar. Since the configuration depends in part upon the tunnelling of the graft, this may be altered to some extent. Non-planar anastomotic configurations induce a swirling flow pattern, which may normalise wall shear stress, thereby potentially reducing intimal hyperplasia.
Characterization of clarified medium from submerse and semisolid cultivation of OF Aspergillus awamori NRRL3112 by size-exclusion chromatography (1999)

In this study, a preparative size-exclusion chromatography of two different clarified media obtained from submerse and semisolid culture of the mold Aspergillus awamori was carried out. Characterization and comparison of the quantities of glucoamylase and contaminant proteins present in these media were possible. Glucoamylase is the protein with the higher molecular weight in both media analyzed, varying from 72 to 80kDa in the submerse culture and from 68 to 90kDa in the semisolid culture. Also, glucoamylase protein concentration is higher in the submerse culture than in the semisolid culture. The other proteins in the submerse culture presented molecular weights lower than 12kDa and in the semisolid culture their molecular weights varied from 21 to 37kDa and below 10kDa.
Virtual Intrusion Detection Systems in the Cloud (2012)

With the increasing popularity of cloud networks, serious issues around security for ubiquitous hosts will need to be addressed. In this paper we focus on a virtual intrusion detection system (V-IDS). We present a new architecture that uses the basic principles of cloud computing, virtualization, and the Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane and applies them to intrusion detection systems, in order to protect cloud networks characterized by a constantly changing underlying infrastructure and physical topology. Our research is not focused on new algorithms or products capable of solving the security problem in cloud networks: our goal is to define a process and a novel architecture that minimizes the security risk in distributed networks, implementing the principle that network security and reliability is not a “product,” but a well defined “process.” On the basis of the defined architecture we have implemented a prototype cloud-based IDS that validates our thesis. The prototype is realized though the integration of two open source technologies: OpenNebula and Dynamic Resource Allocation via GMPLS Optical Networks (DRAGON). © 2012 Alcatel-Lucent.
An empirical comparison of algorithmic, instruction, and architectural power prediction models for high performance embedded DSP processors (1998)

This paper presents a comparison of statistically-derived power prediction models at the algorithmic, instruction, and architectural levels for embedded high performance DSP processors. The approach is general enough to be applied to any embedded DSP processor. Results from 168 power measurements of DSP code show that power can be predicted at instruction and architecture levels with less than 2% error. This result is important for developing a general methodology for power characterization of embedded DSP software since low power is critical to complex DSP applications in many cost sensitive markets.
Acceleration of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in a Rat Skeletal Muscle Injury Model by Local Injection of Human Peripheral Blood-Derived CD133-Positive Cells   (2009)

Muscle injuries in sport activities can pose challenging problems in traumatology and sports medicine. The best treatment for muscle injury has not been clearly established except for the conservative treatment that is routinely performed. We investigated the potential of human adult CD133+ cells to contribute to skeletal muscle regeneration in an athymic rat model. We tested whether CD133+ cells locally transplanted to the skeletal muscle lacerated models could (a) induce vasculogenesis/angiogenesis, (b) differentiate into endothelial and myogenic lineages, and (c) finally promote histological and functional skeletal myogenesis. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood (PB) CD133+ cells, PB mononuclear cells, or phosphate-buffered saline was locally injected after creating a muscle laceration in the tibialis anterior muscle in athymic rats. After treatment, histological and functional skeletal myogenesis was observed significantly in the CD133+ group. The injected CD133+ cells differentiated into endothelial and myogenic lineages. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found that the gene expressions related to microenvironment conduction for host angiogenesis, fibrosis, and myogenesis were ideally up/downregulated. Our results show that CD133+ cells have the potential to enhance the histological and functional recovery from skeletal muscle injury rather via indirect contribution to environment conduction for muscular regeneration. It would be relatively easy to purify this cell fraction from PB, which could be a feasible and attractive autologous candidate for skeletal muscle injuries in a clinical setting. These advantages could accelerate the progression of cell-based therapies for skeletal muscle injuries from laboratory to clinical implementation.
Pneumococcal Vaccine (1996)

Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly termed the pneumococcus, is a major pediatric pathogen both in developed and developing countries. Despite the availability of multiple antimicrobials to which this organism is susceptible, it continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the limitations of antimicrobial therapy in controlling the consequences of infection, particularly among high-risk persons such as those who have underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease and the elderly, led to the introduction in the 1970s of a polyvalent, polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. As a result, the current indications for vaccination of both children and adults are based on risk factors for severe, potentially life-threatening pneumococcal infections and, in the case of children, the age-related immunogenicity of the polysaccharide antigens of this vaccine. Appropriate use of this vaccine is facilitated by knowledge of the pathogenicity of S pneumoniae, epidemiology of the infections it causes, and the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine.The limitations of the current pneumococcal vaccine not only affect management of vaccinated patients but also have prompted development of investigational vaccines for use among infants and young children. Polysaccharide-protein conjugate pneumococcal vaccines that have increased immunogenicity in infants are in clinical trials and will be discussed only briefly in this review.
Long-Term Lamivudine Therapy Reduces the Risk of Long-Term Complications of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection even in Patients without Advanced Disease (2007)

Long-term lamivudine treatment was associated with a reduced chance of developing cirrhosis and HCC in patients without advanced disease. Although YMDD-MT reduced the benefits from lamivudine therapy, the outcome of these patients was still better than untreated patients.
Laser Cooling of Electron Beams for Linear Colliders (1997)

A novel method of electron beam cooling is considered which can be used for linear colliders. The electron beam is cooled during collision with a focused powerful laser pulse. With reasonable laser parameters (laser flash energy about 10 J) one can decrease transverse beam emittances by a factor of about 10 per stage. The ultimate transverse emittances are much below those achievable by other methods. Beam depolarization during cooling is about 5%--15% for one stage. This method is especially useful for photon colliders and opens new possibilities for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ colliders and x-ray free-electron lasers based on high-energy linacs.
Detection of pneumococci in blood cultures by latex agglutination (1984)

Latex agglutination by use of the Pneumoslide test on clinical blood cultures detected 22 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains as the etiological agents in 47 streptococcal septic episodes. The other 25 isolates were identified as viridans streptococci or streptococci of groups A, B, D, or G. The test demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and predictive values for positive and negative reactions of 91 and 92%, respectively. Two false-positive reactions were caused by strains of viridans streptococci. The two strains continued to give positive reactions when colonies from blood agar plates were tested according to the instructions of the manufacturer. This latex agglutination test is an effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of pneumococci in blood cultures.