gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible reverse engineering of web pages with VAQUISTA (2002)

VAQUISTA allows developers to reverse engineer a presentation model of a web page according to multiple reverse engineering options. The alternatives offered by these options not only widen the spectrum of possible presentation models but also encourage developers in exploring multiple reverse engineering strategies. The options provide filtering capabilities in a static analysis of HTML code that are targeted either at multiple widgets simultaneously or at single widgets at a time, for their attributes and other manipulations. This flexibility is particularly important when the presentation model is itself used to migrate the presentation of the web page to other types of user interfaces, possibly written in different languages, in different computing platforms.
Galactose-Specific Lectins Protect Isolated Thylakoids against Freeze-Thaw Damage (1993)

We have measured freeze-thaw damage to isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast thylakoid membranes in the presence of different galactose-specific seed lectins to determine whether the binding of proteins to the membrane surface can lead to cryoprotection. Of the seven lectins investigated, five were protective to different degrees and two showed no measurable effect. Protection was afforded by a reduction of the solute permeability of the membranes. This reduced the solute influx during freezing and thereby osmotic rupture of the thylakoid vesicles during thawing. Using model membranes and fluorescently labeled lectins, we could show that the proteins bound exclusively to the digalactosyl lipids in the membranes. Binding was a prerequisite for the protective effect, because the presence of up to 5 mM galactose in the samples completely inhibited both binding of the lectins to thylakoid and model membranes and cryoprotection. The degree of binding was, in contrast, not related to the cryoprotective efficiency of different lectins; cryoprotection was a function of the hydrophobicity of the proteins.
Spline-Profile Smooth-Walled C-Band Horn (2007)

A smooth-walled spline-profile horn is optimized to cover the extended C-band satellite communication frequency band. This band is usually covered by a corrugated horn but the smooth-walled design presented here offers an economical and high-performance alternative. We compare the relative behavior between a corrugated horn and a smooth-walled horn feeding an 11-m-diameter-shaped Cassegrain earth station antenna.
Mitochondrial Genetic Variants and Alzheimer Disease: A Case-Control Study of the T4336C and G5460A Variants (2002)

The T4336C mitochondrial genetic variant was associated with Alzheimer disease in several previous studies. Recent investigations, however, failed to confirm this association. We tested this association in newly diagnosed Alzheimer disease cases and controls of similar age and gender recruited from an established HMO serving Seattle, Washington and surrounding areas. In this, the largest case-control study reported to date, the T4336C variant was not associated with Alzheimer disease overall (present in 6 of 236 cases and 7 of 328 controls; odds ratio = 1.20, 95% CI 0.33 to 4.22). There was evidence of effect modification by Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status--among subjects with an APOE epsilon 4 allele, the T4336C variant was associated with disease (present in 5 of 139 cases and none of 82 controls; odds ratio = infinity, 95% CI 0.73 to infinity). APOE may be an important modifier of the T4336C effect, potentially explaining variable findings across previous studies. Alternatively, the positive findings reported to date may simply reflect the problem of "type I" error inherent in genetic association studies. Substantially larger samples than are currently available would be required to resolve this question. G5460(A/T) variants were also investigated and found not to be associated with Alzheimer disease.
The Quantitative Measurement of the Effectiveness of Decoupling Capacitors in Controlling Switching Transients from Microprocessors (2005)

Power distribution systems (PDS) are typically comprised of capacitor networks that have several types of capacitors and values to obtain a targeted impedance over the required frequency spectrum for the PDS planes on a printed circuit board (PCB). Capacitors serve two primary roles in meeting the targeted impedance. The first role is to provide a temporary source of localized energy for instantaneous current demands from an IC; the second is to provide a low-impedance return path for high frequency noise. This paper proposes a time-domain test to evaluate a capacitor’s performance and effectiveness to meet these two primary roles.
Cardiac and peripheral actions of growth hormone and its releasing peptides: Relevance for the treatment of cardiomyopathies (2005)

Ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Cardiomyopathies of primary origin, and more specifically the dilated form of the disease, have been associated with a number of gene defects in cytoskeletal, membrane, and sarcomeric proteins. Cardiomyopathies of secondary origin such as ischemic cardiomyopathy remain the leading cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Among novel strategies to improve cardiac function in heart failure, treatment with growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and natural and synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptides such as ghrelin and hexarelin have been explored. The present review focuses on the issues involved in the use of exogenous growth hormone and its releasing peptides in experimental animal models of chronic heart failure and in clinical studies on cardiomyopathic patients as potential releasing peptides for the treatment of chronic heart failure developing as a consequence of cardiomyopathy.
Generation of transgenic chickens that produce bioactive human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (2008)

We report here the generation of transgenic chickens that produce human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) using replication-defective Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-based vectors packaged with vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G). The recombinant retrovirus was injected beneath the blastoderm of nonincubated chicken embryos (stage X). Out of 140 injected eggs, 17 chicks hatched after 21 days of incubation and all hatched chicks were found to express vector-encoded hG-GSF gene. The biological activity of the recombinant hG-CSF was significantly higher than its commercially derived E. coli-derived counterpart. Successful germline transmission of the transgene was also confirmed in G(1) transgenic chicks produced from the cross of Go transgenic roosters with nontransgenic hens, but most of the G(1) progeny were dead within 1 month of hatching.
Optimal Dynamic Order Submission Strategies in Some Stylized Trading Problems (1998)

This study derives optimal dynamic order submission strategies for trading problems faced by three stylized traders: an uninformed liquidity trader, an informed trader and a value‐motivated trader. Separate solutions are obtained for quote‐ and order‐driven markets. The results provide practicable rules for how to trade small orders and how to manage traders. Transaction cost measurement methods based on implementation shortfall are proven to dominate other methods. Since investors demand liquidity when they submit market orders and supply liquidity when they submit limit orders, the results improve our understanding of market liquidity. In particular, the models illustrate the role of time in the search for liquidity by characterizing the demand for and supply of immediacy.
The Role of Sulphur in the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapour Deposition at High Temperatures (2008)

Sulphur has been recognised as a growth promoter for carbon fibres and carbon nanotubes for over 30 years. Moreover, the Fe-C-S system, in particular, has been extensively studied for more than half a century in the fields of steelmaking and cast iron. In the present work we examine the role of sulphur in the iron-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes during the process of direct spinning of fibres from the gas phase. A detailed microstructural characterisation of the reaction products was conducted by high resolution TEM and EELS composition mapping on a dedicated FEG STEM (VG HB 501) equipped with Cs aberration correctors. Our results agree with previous works in classical metallurgy, indicating that sulphur forms a layer on the surface of the catalyst particles that plays a role in encouraging nanotube growth by surface diffusion.
Compiler and hardware support for cache coherence in large-scale multiprocessors (1996)

In this paper, we study a hardware-supported, compiler directed (HSCD) cache coherence scheme, which can be implemented on a large-scale multiprocessor using off-the-shelf microprocessors, such as the Cray T3D. It can be adapted to various cache organizations, including multi-word cache lines and byte-addressable architectures. Several system related issues, including critical sections, inter-thread communication, and task migration have also been addressed. The cost of the required hardware support is small and proportional to the cache size. The necessary compiler algorithms, including intra- and interprocedural array data-flow analysis, have been implemented on the Polaris compiler [17].From our simulation study using the Perfect Club benchmarks, we found that, in spite of the conservative analysis made by the compiler, the performance of the proposed HSCD scheme can be comparable to that of a full-map hardware directory scheme. With its comparable performance and reduced hardware cost, the scheme can be a viable alternative for large-scale multiprocessors, such as the Cray T3D, that rely on users to maintain data coherence.
An Abiotic Fluorescent Probe for Cardiac Troponin I (2011)

The first ratiometric fluorescent reporter was designed for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a key protein elicited during cardiac muscle cell death. In designing this abiotic fluorescent probe, docking simulation studies were performed to predict the probe/protein interactions along the solvent exposed regions of cTnI. Simple cuvette titration experiments in aqueous buffered solution indicate remarkable selectivity for cardiac troponin in the clinically relevant nM region versus skeletal troponin.
Effect of Particle Diameter and Surface Composition on the Spontaneous Fusion of Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles with Lipid Bilayers (2013)

Anionic, monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to nondisruptively penetrate cellular membranes. Here, we show that a critical first step in the penetration process is potentially the fusion of such AuNPs with lipid bilayers. Free energy calculations, experiments on unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles, and cell studies all support this hypothesis. Furthermore, we show that fusion is only favorable for AuNPs with core diameters below a critical size that depends on the monolayer composition.
Pulse response characteristics of rectangular-hysteresis-loop ferromagnetic materials (1953)

MAGNETIC CORES made with rectangular-hysteresis-loop ferromagnetic materials have recently gained prominence as binary elements in digital data-processing machines. The ability of the core to store binary information reliably and without power dissipation, and the ease with which the information can be read out or changed in a few microseconds make the core a useful and versatile component. Wherever they are applicable, magnetic-core circuits offer advantages over vacuum-tube circuits; the cores are rugged, have indefinite life, and require little power. Cores made with rectangular-hysteresis-loop ferromagnetic materials are being used in shift resisters,1 in memory systems,2, 3 and in logical and control circuits.4‾ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup>
Foreshock statistics and their possible relationship to earthquake prediction in the Italian region (1993)

Abstract This study focuses on the foreshocks of earthquake sequences recorded by the Italian national seismological network between 1975 and 1991. We consider as foreshocks events exceeding a given threshold magnitude that follow a period of quiescence and come before a mainshock occurring within a given time-distance range. The total number of potential foreshocks identified by the algorithm depends on the size and the duration of the predefined quiescence area, whereas the number of mainshocks preceded by foreshocks depends also on the size of the area in which the event is expected and the duration of the alarm period. Our aim was to optimize the choice of the parameters defining potential foreshocks as precursors of stronger earthquakes, in order to improve their validity and reliability. A preliminary investigation carried over the whole Italian territory allowed the definition of zones where foreshocks-mainshocks series are likely to occur. One of these zones is an area of about 32,000 km2 in Central Italy including a total of 2671 events of M ≧ 2.5, where there is a significant tendency of moderate shocks to be followed at short distance and in short time by larger shocks. Our method would lead to issuing 63 alarms with the optimal definition of foreshocks as events of magnitude exceeding 3.0 after at least 80 days of quiescence in an area of 140 km radius. The rate of occurrence for mainshocks of magnitude exceeding 4.0 during the following 48 hours, in the specified area of 30 km radius, is 6 of 23 events. The corresponding probability gain is about 150. For comparison, another larger zone (Po Valley) with 453 events of M ≧ 2.5 exhibits only a rate of 1 of 82 precursors. In this area most events are single shocks. Our analysis shows that the foreshock activity can be regarded as a significant earthquake precursor, so suggesting that real time observation of seismicity can be used to improve the quality of an earthquake prediction system.
Watt steam governor stability (2002)

The physics of the fly-ball governor, introduced to regulate the speed of steam engines, is here analysed anew. The original analysis is generalized to arbitrary governor geometry. The well-known stability criterion for the linearized system breaks down for large excursions from equilibrium; we show approximately how this criterion changes.
Lymphocyte Proliferation Induced by Pertusis Toxin Utilizes a Pathway Parallel to Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Sensitive Growth (1993)

Pertussis toxin (PTX) has been shown to potentiate autoimmunity in experimental autoimmune disease. The exact mechanism of this effect has not been determined; however, the modification of G proteins by ADP-ribosylation has been suggested. Here it is demonstrated that this modification may contribute to autoimmunity by the abrogation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) growth-inhibitory signals. Anti-TGF-beta demonstrated the same effect on lymphocytes as high concentrations of PTX in vitro.
Development of Poly(Propylene Fumarate-co-Ethylene Glycol) as an Injectable Carrier for Endothelial Cells (1999)

Poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) [P(PF-co-EG)] hydrogels were examined as in situ polymerizable carriers for endothelial cells. The temperature increase from 37 degrees C during cross-linking was measured. The maximum temperature did not increase above 38.3 degrees C for any copolymer formulation. The temperature profiles also appeared to be independent of the amount or molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol). These materials were polymerized in situ in a subcutaneous rat model and evaluated for initial biocompatibility. A normal wound-healing response was seen with formation and subsequent maturity of a fibrous capsule. Endothelial cells were embedded in vitro during the cross-linking process and their proliferation was assessed over the first 24 h. There was significant DNA synthesis by the embedded endothelial cells during this time period. These data suggest that P(PF-co-EG) hydrogels could be developed for use as injectable cell carriers.
Selecting SNPs to Identify Ancestry (2011)

An individual's genotypes at a group of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to predict that individual's ethnicity or ancestry. In medical studies, knowledge of a subject's ancestry can minimize possible confounding, and in forensic applications, such knowledge can help direct investigations. Our goal is to select a small subset of SNPs, from the millions already identified in the human genome, that can predict ancestry with a minimal error rate. The general form for this variable selection procedure is to estimate the expected error rates for sets of SNPs using a training dataset and consider those sets with the lowest error rates given their size. The quality of the estimate for the error rate determines the quality of the resulting SNPs. As the apparent error rate performs poorly when either the number of SNPs or the number of populations is large; we propose a new estimate, the Improved Bayesian Estimate. We demonstrate that selection procedures based on this estimate produce small sets of SNPs that can accurately predict ancestry. We also provide a list of the 100 optimal SNPs for identifying ancestry.
Full chip thermal simulation (2002)

A multilayer, full chip thermal analysis is presented. The design of the chip at functional-block level is directly captured by the simulator, allowing the assessment of the chip layout impact on the system performance due to the elevated operational temperature. The heat generation for each block is obtained by running the circuit-level electrical simulation separately on individual functional units. The thermal diffusion equation is then solved based on the actual structure of the chip including substrate and interconnect/insulating layers. Different thermal conductivity can be specified for each material layer. The effect of package on chip temperature distribution is modeled using thermally resistive layers as the boundary between the simulated structure and surrounding environment. Proper adjustment of the boundary thermal resistance results in the correct range of simulated temperature distribution as compared to the measured data. Both physics and implementation for the thermal simulation are described. The code is applied to the analysis of a realistic design of a CPU chip made of SOI technology with up to six metal interconnect layers. A comprehensive review of the simulation results is presented.
Preparation of Polycrystalline Silicon by Hydrogen-Radical-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1987)

The preparation of both amorphous and epitaxial crystalline silicon films by Hydrogen-Radical-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition at variable hydrogen flow rates is discussed. The feasibility of fabricating polycrystalline Si at high growth rates and a low substrate temperature is demonstrated. Finally, the n-type characteristics of PH 3 doping and p-type characteristic for BF 3 doping are examined in terms of the conductivity and the Hall mobility of the films.
406-nm laser on the <i>C</i>→<i>B</i> band of N2 (1980)

Intense visible laser emission on the 0-3 transition of the N2 (C→B) band at 405.9 nm has been observed by exciting Ar/5–10% N2( pTOTAL ≈2000 Torr) gas mixtures with a long-pulse (∼0.5 μs) electron beam of cylindrical symmetry. The experimental apparatus consists of a coaxial diode of 50 cm length and 250 cm3 anode volume driven by a low inductance, ∼250-kV Marx generator. Lasing on the violet line occurs following bottlenecking of the 0-1 and 0-2 ultraviolet laser transitions. With ∼0.8% output coupling at 406 nm, a maximum output energy of 2.2 mJ in a 200-ns FWHM pulse has been obtained in the violet which is comparable to that extracted (for optimum mirror transmission) on the 358- and 380-nm UV laser lines.
[Effect of berberine on the differentiation of adipocyte]. (2003)

Berberine promotes the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, decreases the accumulation of lipid drops therein, and inhibits the terminal differentiation of adipocyte, which may be associated with its effect on decreasing the expression of PPARgamma2 mRNA and protein, suggesting that berberine has advantages in the treatment of obesity patients with type 2 diabetes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Preliminary Study of Psychotropic Effect of Alkylamino and Imino Pyrrolo(1,2‐a)indoles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new scalable and reconfigurable architecture (2003)

As optical link speeds get faster, demands for performance and embedded network services impose increasing flexibility demands. Internet routers must become more efficient and programmable. A new hardware architecture using a dynamic reconfigurable logic (DRL) circuit, along with its design methodology, is proposed. Our approach is to allocate all resources using the dynamic reconfigurable control switch (DRCS). The design space for scheduling the DRL for the networking application (router) is explored. Our proposal outperforms recent network processors since it has a better memory interface and because chained nodes of a thread can be executed at once. Our architecture offers an attractive alternative to expensive commercial solutions employing multiple content addressable memory (CAM) devices and application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). By providing high-performance at low per-ports costs, our architecture is a prime candidate for system-on-chip (SoC) solutions for next generation programmable router port processors.
<title>Mobile associated particle imaging system</title> (1996)

Associated particle imaging (API) is a technique that employs a small deuterium accelerator to accelerate deuterons into a tritium-impregnated target, producing coincident neutrons and alpha particles that travel in opposite directions. By detecting the arrival of an alpha particle on a phosphor, and its position in two dimensions, the time and direction of the neutron emission id determined. Neutrons that interact with material in their paths produce a gamma ray whose energy is characteristic of that material. From the arrival time and energy of these gammas, the elemental composition of an object can be deduced as a function of position. We have built a portable API system and conducted field tests. In these tests, we have identified a quantity of fertilizer 'hidden' in a closed vehicle and the contents of some common military munition casings.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Young, Sedentary Humans (2004)

Our results indicate that a common dosage of a commercially available CLA supplement can improve ISI in young, sedentary individuals. However, there is considerable individual variability in the response. Additional studies are required to identify underlying metabolic changes in human skeletal muscle.
A current mode equalizer for an optical disc front-end (2009)

A 1.2 V current-mode 7th-order Bessel low pass filter (LPF) with programmable boosting gain for an optical disc front-end is presented. The wide cut-off frequency tuning is achieved by using current-mode buffers, triode region MOS resistors and varactors. The constant gm biasing and the current-mode oscillator ensure that frequency characteristics are robust to process, voltage and temperature variations. It covers a wide frequency tuning range of 1-140 MHz and speeds of CD 4x - BD 8x, for CD/DVD/BD. It has a low power consumption of 19 mW and a small size of 0.167 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and is fabricated with 0.13 mum CMOS technology.