gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Performance Testing of Canadian Asphalt Mixes Using Three Different Wheel Rut Testers (2004)

Asphalt pavement rutting is one of the most common and destructive pavement distresses observed on Canadian roads, particularly in the urban environment at intersections. A reliable, accelerated laboratory performance test to evaluate rutting resistance of asphalt mixes is considered necessary. There are three wheel rut testers that are commonly used for asphalt testing: Asphalt Pavement Analyzer; Hamburg Wheel Rut Tester; and the French Laboratory Rutting Tester. All three wheel testers are in use in Canada. Hot-mix asphalt rut resistance testing using the French Laboratory Rutting Tester is required by the Quebec Ministre des Transports on high volume roads. Other provinces currently do not routinely require rutting resistance testing, even for roads with very heavy traffic loading. An accelerated performance testing study is being carried out using all three rut wheel testers and Canadian asphalt mixes. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of the asphalt mixes in the field with their ranking in three different rut wheel testers. Based on the results, comments will be forwarded on the effectiveness of the test equipment in predicting asphalt concrete rutting. This paper describes the equipment, procedures, criteria and a potential use of the rut testers. However, as the study has not been completed yet, it is too early to provide final conclusions. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD number E211395.
Effects of the expression of mammalian annexins in yeast secretory mutants (1992)

The hypothesis that calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins of the annexin family can influence intracellular membrane trafficking was tested by expressing five mammalian annexins in wild-type yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in 13 yeast secretory (sec) mutants. Expression of human synexin (annexin VII) inhibited the growth of sec2, sec4 and sec15 mutants at a semi-permissive temperature. These three sec mutants are defective in the final step in the secretory pathway, the process of exocytosis. The inhibition of growth correlated with reduced viability and increased accumulation of internal invertase in these mutants when expressing synexin. Bovine endonexin (annexin IV) partially suppressed the growth defect of a sec2 mutant incubated at a semi-permissive temperature. Human synexin, human lipocortin (annexin I), and murine p68 (annexin VI) reduced the lag time associated with adaptation of sec2 mutants to galactose-containing medium. These interactions suggest that the annexins may influence specific steps in membrane trafficking associated with cell growth, secretion and plasma membrane remodelling.
The Integral Role of CD74 in Antigen Presentation, MIF Signal Transduction, and B Cell Survival and Homeostasis (2015)

Molecules that link innate and adaptive immunity and regulate immune response in health and disease are now the focus of many studies. This review discusses CD74 and its ligand macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and their central position in linking these two components of the immune response by controlling survival of macrophages and B cells.
Proton transfer in hydrogen-bonded pyridine/acid systems: the role of higher aggregation (2007)

In this work the role of higher molecular aggregation in the proton transfer processes within hydrogen bond (H-bond) is investigated. The H-bonded complex consisting of 4-cyanopyridine (CyPy) with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been studied in the solutions of acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and dichloroethane as solvent by FTIR spectroscopy and quantum chemical DFT calculations. In order to illustrate the effect of increasing H-bond strength FTIR investigations have also been performed on solutions of CyPy with H(2)O, acetic-, trifluoroacetic- and methanesulfonic acids. Proton states in the H-bond have been monitored using vibrational CyPy ring modes in FTIR spectra. The stabilization of the CyPy/TCA complex in its protonated form upon increasing polarity of the solvent has been evidenced. It was shown that formation of the CyPy/(TCA)(2) aggregates in the solutions favors the proton transfer process. An X-ray diffraction study has been performed on a single 1 : 2 co-crystal of pyridine/3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. The H-bond motif found in this system exhibits the same connectivity by strong hydrogen bonds N-H(+)[dot dot dot]O(-) and O-H[dot dot dot]O as that in the CyPy/(TCA)(2) complex predicted by DFT calculation. Certain discrepancies are observed in C-H[dot dot dot]O connectivity only. The networks of H-bonds in both assemblies differ from those usually pictured for 1 : 2 base/carboxylic acid complexes in the literature.
Antibodies to fentanyl. (1975)

Immunization of rabbits with carboxyfentanyl-bovine gamma-globulin conjugate induced antibodies of high titers capable of binding with fentanyl. The antibodies exhibited high average association constants (approximately 1 times 10-7 liter/mol) and were highly specific to fentanyl since no cross-reactivity was observed for a variety of test compounds including other opiates and analgesics. Serological cross-reactivity was observed only for chemicals representing various portions of the fentanyl molecule. These high-affinity, highly selective antibodies have been successfully employed in a radioimmunoassay for fentanyl. Serum concentrations of fentanyl, after administration of 100 and 21 mug/kg/ i.v. in dogs, were determined by this radioimmunoassay. The specificity of these antibodies as compared with the specificity of the pharmacological (opiate) receptor is also discussed.
Corynebacterium glutamicum: a dissection of the PTS. (2001)

The high-GC Gram-positive actinomycete Corynebacterium glutamicum is commercially exploited as a producer of amino acids that are used as animal feed additives and flavor enhancers. Despite its beneficial role, carbon metabolism and its possible influence on amino acid metabolism is poorly understood. We have addressed this issue by analyzing the phosphotransferase system (PTS), which in many bacteria controls the flux of nutrients and therefore regulates carbon metabolism. The general PTS phosphotransferases enzyme I (EI) and HPr were characterized by demonstration of PEP-dependent phosphotransferase activity. An EI mutant exhibited a pleiotropic negative phenotype in carbon utilization. The role of the PTS as a major sugar uptake system was further demonstrated by the finding that glucose and fructose negative mutants were deficient in the respective enzyme II PTS permease activities. These carbon sources also caused repression of glutamate uptake, which suggests an involvement of the PTS in carbon regulation. The observation that no HPr kinase/phosphatase could be detected suggests that the mechanism of carbon regulation in C. glutamicum is different to the one found in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.
CRISPR/Cas9 treatment causes extended TP53-dependent cell cycle arrest in human cells (2020)

While the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage is understood, the basis for the large variation in mutant recovery for a given target sequence between cell lines is much less clear. We hypothesized that this variation may be due to differences in how the DNA damage response affects cell cycle progression. We used incorporation of EdU as a marker of cell cycle progression to analyze the response of several human cell lines to CRISPR/Cas9 treatment with a single guide directed to a unique locus. Cell lines with functionally wild-type TP53 exhibited higher levels of cell cycle arrest compared to lines without. Chemical inhibition of TP53 protein combined with TP53 and RB1 transcript silencing alleviated induced arrest in TP53+/+ cells. Using dCas9, we determined this arrest is driven in part by Cas9 binding to DNA. Additionally, wild-type Cas9 induced fewer 53BP1 foci in TP53+/+ cells compared to TP53-/- cells and DD-Cas9, suggesting that differences in break sensing are responsible for cell cycle arrest variation. We conclude that CRISPR/Cas9 treatment induces a cell cycle arrest dependent on functional TP53 as well as Cas9 DNA binding and cleavage. Our findings suggest that transient inhibition of TP53 may increase genome editing recovery in primary and TP53+/+ cell lines.
Plasma total cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a surrogate biomarker for tumour burden and a prognostic biomarker for survival in metastatic melanoma patients (2017)

We have demonstrated that cfDNA is a surrogate marker of tumour burden in metastatic melanoma patients, and that it is prognostic for overall survival.
State of the art of nanoforest structures and their applications (2015)

Forest-like nanostructures, their syntheses, properties, and applications are reviewed.
In the Absence of Endogenous Gamma Interferon, Mice Acutely Infected with<i>Neospora caninum</i>Succumb to a Lethal Immune Response Characterized by Inactivation of Peritoneal Macrophages (2001)

Following infection with Neospora caninum, BALB/c mice were shown to be resistant to an acute infection but developed a latent chronic infection. However, BALB/c background gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-deficient mice were sensitive to the acute infection. Since the immune response in IFN-gamma-deficient mice is scantly known, we examined the function of macrophages, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, T-cell responses, and serum cytokine levels in the mice. All IFN-gamma-deficient mice died within 9 days of infection with N. caninum, whereas those treated with exogenous IFN-gamma lived longer. Although N. caninum invaded various organs in both types of mice at the early stage of infection, the parasite was not detected in the brains of resistant hosts until 21 days postinfection (dpi). Peritoneal macrophages from IFN-gamma-deficient mice were activated by exogenous IFN-gamma associated with inhibition of parasite growth and nitric oxide production as were those from BALB/c mice. IFN-gamma-deficient mice failed to increase MHC class II expression on macrophages. Moreover, BALB/c mice induced T-cell proliferation while IFN-gamma-deficient mice did not. However, in vivo treatment with exogenous IFN-gamma induced up-regulated MHC class II expression in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. BALB/c mice treated with an antibody to CD4 showed an increase in morbidity and mortality after parasite infection. In serum, significant levels of IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected in resistant hosts, whereas IL-10 was detected in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. The levels of IL-12 in IFN-gamma-deficient mice were higher than those in BALB/c mice at 7 dpi. The present study indicates that early IFN-gamma production has a crucial role in the activation of peritoneal macrophages for the induction of protective immune responses against N. caninum.
Human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation changes proinflammatory gene expression through a nuclear factor‐κB‐dependent pathway in a rat focal cerebral ischemic model (2013)

Previous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cerebral ischemic rats. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of MSC transplantation on transcriptional regulations of proinflammatory genes in cerebral ischemia. Transient ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 24 hr, vehicle (PBS) or a human MSC line (B10) was transplanted intravenously. The neurological deficits, infarct volume, cellular accumulations, and gene expression changes were monitored by means of behavior tests, MRI, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, laser capture microdissection, and real-time PCR. In the core area of the B10 transplantation group, the number of ED1-positive macrophage/microglia was decreased compared with the PBS group. In the core, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was decreased, although CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β was not changed; both were expressed mainly in ED1-positive macrophage/microglia. Likewise, mRNAs of NF-κB-dependent genes including interleukin-1β, MCP-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased in ED1-positive and Iba-1-positive macrophage/microglia in the B10 transplantation group. Moreover, upstream receptors of the NF-κB pathway, including CD40 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), were decreased. Immunofluorescence results showed that, in the B10 transplantation group, the percentages of NF-κB-positive, CD40-positive, and TLR2-positive cells were decreased in ED1-positive macrophage/microglia. Furthermore, NF-κB-positive cells in the CD40- or TLR2-expressing cell population were decreased in the B10 transplantation group. This study demonstrates that B10 transplantation inhibits NF-κB activation, possibly through inhibition of CD40 and TLR2, which might be responsible for the inhibition of proinflammatory gene expression in macrophage/microglia in the infarct lesion.
Preclinical stroke research – advantages and disadvantages of the most common rodent models of focal ischaemia (2011)

This review describes the most commonly used rodent models and outcome measures in preclinical stroke research and discusses their strengths and limitations. Most models involve permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with therapeutic agents tested for their ability to reduce stroke-induced infarcts and improve neurological deficits. Many drugs have demonstrated preclinical efficacy but, other than thrombolytics, which restore blood flow, none have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. This failure to translate efficacy from bench to bedside is discussed alongside achievable steps to improve the ability of preclinical research to predict clinical efficacy: (i) Improvements in study quality and reporting. Study design must include randomization, blinding and predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and journal editors have the power to ensure statements on these and mortality data are included in preclinical publications. (ii) Negative and neutral studies must be published to enable preclinical meta-analyses and systematic reviews to more accurately predict drug efficacy in man. (iii) Preclinical groups should work within networks and agree on standardized procedures for assessing final infarct and functional outcome. This will improve research quality, timeliness and translational capacity. (iv) Greater uptake and improvements in non-invasive diagnostic imaging to detect and study potentially salvageable penumbral tissue, the target for acute neuroprotection. Drug effects on penumbra lifespan studied serially, followed by assessment of behavioural outcome and infarct within in the same animal group, will increase the power to detect drug efficacy preclinically. Similar progress in detecting drug efficacy clinically will follow from patient recruitment into acute stroke trials based on evidence of remaining penumbra.
Hierarchical Modeling and Adaptive Clustering for Real-Time Summarization of Rush Videos (2009)

In this paper, we provide detailed descriptions of a proposed new algorithm for video summarization, which are also included in our submission to TRECVID'08 on BBC rush summarization. Firstly, rush videos are hierarchically modeled using the formal language technique. Secondly, shot detections are applied to introduce a new concept of V-unit for structuring videos in line with the hierarchical model, and thus junk frames within the model are effectively removed. Thirdly, adaptive clustering is employed to group shots into clusters to determine retakes for redundancy removal. Finally, each most representative shot selected from every cluster is ranked according to its length and sum of activity level for summarization. Competitive results have been achieved to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of our techniques, which are fully implemented in the compressed domain. Our work does not require high-level semantics such as object detection and speech/audio analysis which provides a more flexible and general solution for this topic.
Lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. (2004)

Many patients who present to their healthcare provider with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) will also have erectile dysfunction (ED), and vice versa. Although alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are highly effective in treating BPH-associated LUTS, these agents have sexual adverse effects that cause many men to discontinue therapy. The discovery of nitric oxide as a major factor in the mechanism of erection has led to the development of new drugs for ED, including the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Preliminary data support the theory that inhibition of PDE isoenzymes in the prostate may improve LUTS due to BPH through relaxation of prostatic smooth muscle. Further studies of PDE inhibitors in men with ED and BPH-associated LUTS are indicated.
Matched-filter processing of microphone array for spatial volume selectivity (2002)

Performance of a delay-and-sum beamformer is typically degraded in a reverberant enclosure because the beam captures not only the desired source signal (direct path) but also all images along the beam axis. Matched-filter processing of microphone arrays is shown to improve the quality of sound capture in reverberant environments. This paper also reports the performance of matched-filter array processing in a real room. Significant improvements are shown over single microphones and the traditional delay-and-sum beamformer.
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. LPS binding properties and effects on LPS-mediated cell activation (1994)

We have previously shown that human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is able to inhibit serum-dependent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of human monocytes and neutrophils in vitro, and to counteract the lethal effects of LPS challenge in vivo. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is a serum protein which participates in LPS-mediated activation of cells (Tobias, P. S., Mathison, J., Mintz, D., Lee, J. D., Kravchenko, V., Kato, K., Pugin, J., and Ulevitch, R. J. (1992) Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 7, 239-245). We have proposed that BPI functions in a negative feedback loop which opposes this activation (Marra, M. N., Wilde, C. G., Collins, M. S., Snable, J. L., Thornton, M. B., and Scott, R. W. (1992) J. Immunol. 148, 532-537). We have now cloned and expressed recombinant forms of human BPI and LBP. Here we demonstrate that purified recombinant human LBP can replace the serum requirement for both LPS binding to human monocytes and LPS-mediated secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha from these cells. These activities of LBP are inhibited by a neutralizing anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody. We further demonstrate that purified recombinant human BPI can inhibit LBP-mediated LPS binding to cells and their subsequent activation. Comparison of the LPS binding properties of BPI and LBP in enzyme-linked immunosorbent type assays and in the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay suggest that BPI has a stronger affinity for LPS than does LBP. Direct competition between BPI and LBP for LPS may explain the inhibition by BPI of the proinflammatory effects of LBP in the presence of LPS.
Performance Characteristics of the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and Seroprevalence in Boise, Idaho (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the novel respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The rollout of diagnostic testing in the United States was slow, leading to numerous cases that were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in February and March 2020 and necessitating the use of serological testing to determine past infections. Here, we evaluated the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by testing 3 distinct patient populations. We tested 1,020 serum specimens collected prior to SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the United States and found one false positive, indicating a specificity of 99.90%. We tested 125 patients who tested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) positive for SARS-CoV-2 for whom 689 excess serum specimens were available and found that sensitivity reached 100% at day 17 after symptom onset and day 13 after PCR positivity. Alternative index value thresholds for positivity resulted in 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in this cohort. We tested specimens from 4,856 individuals from Boise, ID, collected over 1 week in April 2020 as part of the Crush the Curve initiative and detected 87 positives for a positivity rate of 1.79%. These data demonstrate excellent analytical performance of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test as well as the limited circulation of the virus in the western United States. We expect that the availability of high-quality serological testing will be a key tool in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.
Interactive Graphics in Data Processing: Geometry for construction and display (1968)

Matrix notation is used to develop geometric concepts for computer-controlled graphics.
Epicuticular wax content in the leaves of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) as a mechanical barrier against three insect pests (2008)

Flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.), cabbage stink bugs (Eurydema ventrale) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) cause significant economic problems to cabbage growers in Slovenia. The aim of our study was to assess the potential effect of the epicuticular wax on leaves as defence mechanism against these three cabbage pests. The impact of epicuticular wax content in relation to damage levels of cabbage pests was studied under field conditions at the Experimental Field of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana on 12 cabbage cultivars (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). These insect pests showed weak preference on cabbage heads with high epicuticular wax. There was a strong negative relationship between epicuticular wax content and the level of plants infested (r 2 = -0.8399 for flea beetles, r 2 = -0.7413 for cabbage stink bugs and r 2 = -0.7042 for onion thrips). The cv.'Holandsko pozno rdee', showed itself to be the most resistant to the cabbage stink bugs and onion thrips, while cv. 'Red Dinasty' was the most resistant against flea beetles.
Microbeam mapping of single event latchups and single event upsets in CMOS SRAMs (1998)

The first simultaneous microbeam mapping of single event upset (SEU) and latchup (SEL) in the CMOS RAM HM65162 is presented. We found that the shapes of the sensitive areas depend on V/sub DD/, on the ions being used and on the site on the chip being hit by the ion. In particular, we found SEL sensitive sites close to the main power supply lines between the memory-bit-arrays by detecting the accompanying current surge. All these SELs were also accompanied by bit-flips elsewhere in the memory (which we call 'indirect' SEUs in contrast to the well known SEUs induced in the hit memory cell only). When identical SEL sensitive sites were hit farther away from the supply lines only indirect SEL sensitive sites could be detected. We interpret these events as 'latent' latchups in contrast to the 'classical' ones detected by their induced current surge. These latent SELs were probably decoupled from the main supply lines by the high resistivity of the local supply lines.