gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metiamide and stimulated acid secretion from the isolated non‐distended and distended mouse stomach. (1977)

1. The action of metiamide, a specific histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on the acid secretory response to various gastric stimuli in the perfused isolated whole mouse stomach is described. 2. Two kinds of stomach preparations, the non-distended stomach and distended stomach, were used. The distended stomach gave a marked and dose-related acid secretory response to histamine (10(-6) to 10(-3) M), pentagastrin (10(-8) to 10(-5) M), acetylcholine (5 X 10(-5) to 10(-5) M), eserine (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) to dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 X 10(-5) to 10(-3) M). In the nondistended stomach, dibutyryl cyclic AMP regularly stimulated acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner; in contrast to dibutyryl cyclic AMP, histamine, pentagastrin or acetylcholine did not always stimulate acid secretion. 3. Histamine or pentagastrin but not acetylcholine always caused significant stimulation of acid secretion from the non-distended stomach in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor such as caffeine, theophylline or the I.C.I. compound, 63197. At the concentration of 10(-4) M, these phosphodiesterase inhibitors markedly potentiated the stimulatory effect of histamine or pentagastrin on acid secretion and the order of effectiveness was 63197 greater than theophylline greater than caffeine. 63197 also produced profound potentiation of histamine- or pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in the distended stomach. 4. Metiamide (5 X 10(-5) to 10(-4) M) did not antagonize stimulation of acid secretion by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the non-distended or distended stomach. 5. In the distended stomach, metiamide (5 X 10(-4) M) produced significant inhibition of histamine-stimulated acid secretion with a linear and parallel displacement of the histamine dose--response curve to the right. Although at this concentration metiamide did not depress maximal acid secretory response to histamine, it caused marked reduction of the maximal acid secretory response attainable with pentagastrin. 6. In the distended stomach, metiamide (5 X 10(-5) M) did not cause significant inhibition of acetylcholine-induced acid secretion. Atropine (5 X 10(-6) M) abolished the stimulatory effect of acetylcholine; it also produced marked inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion but it had little effect on acid secretion induced by histamine. 7. The present results indicate that metiamide inhibited histamine-induced acid secretion by competitive antagonism of the histamine H2-receptor, but its inhibitory effect on pentagastrin-induced acid secretion seemed to be of non-competitive nature. The failure of metiamide to inhibit acid secretion induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP suggests that cyclic AMP might regulate gastric acid secretion at a site beyond the histamine H2-receptor activation. It is also considered that the present results support the hypothesis that cyclic AMP may be involved in histamine- or pentagastrin-induced acid secretion in the isolated mouse stomach. 8...
High Antibody Titer against Apical Membrane Antigen-1 Is Required to Protect against Malaria in the Aotus Model (2009)

A Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain Apical Membrane Antigen-1 (AMA1) vaccine, formulated with AS02(A) adjuvant, slowed parasite growth in a recent Phase 1/2a trial, however sterile protection was not observed. We tested this AS02(A), and a Montanide ISA720 (ISA) formulation of 3D7 AMA1 in Aotus monkeys. The 3D7 parasite does not invade Aotus erythrocytes, hence two heterologous strains, FCH/4 and FVO, were used for challenge, FCH/4 AMA1 being more homologous to 3D7 than FVO AMA1. Following three vaccinations, the monkeys were challenged with 50,000 FCH/4 or 10,000 FVO parasites. Three of the six animals in the AMA+ISA group were protected against FCH/4 challenge. One monkey did not become parasitemic, another showed only a short period of low level parasitemia that self-cured, and a third animal showed a delay before exhibiting its parasitemic phase. This is the first protection shown in primates with a recombinant P. falciparum AMA1 without formulation in Freund's complete adjuvant. No animals in the AMA+AS02(A) group were protected, but this group exhibited a trend towards reduced growth rate. A second group of monkeys vaccinated with AMA+ISA vaccine was not protected against FVO challenge, suggesting strain-specificity of AMA1-based protection. Protection against FCH/4 strain correlated with the quantity of induced antibodies, as the protected animals were the only ones to have in vitro parasite growth inhibitory activity of >70% at 1:10 serum dilution; immuno-fluorescence titers >8,000; ELISA titers against full-length AMA1 >300,000 and ELISA titer against AMA1 domains1+2 >100,000. A negative correlation between log ELISA titer and day 11 cumulative parasitemia (Spearman rank r = -0.780, p value = 0.0001), further confirmed the relationship between antibody titer and protection. High titers of cross-strain inhibitory antibodies against AMA1 are therefore critical to confer solid protection, and the Aotus model can be used to down-select future AMA1 formulations, prior to advanced human trials.
Formation of insoluble components during autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus (2009)

An experimental equipment has been set up for laser-induced plasma spectroscopic (LIPS) measurement based on a Nd: YAG Q-switched solid laser (average single pulse energy is 38 mJ) as exciting light source and the copper alloy as sample. The instrument time distribution of Cu radiation was obtained, and the software and hardware influence factors on the measured spectra were analyzed. The experiments proved that the fluctuation of laser output energy, average number of each datum, the position between the target surface and the lens focus, the position between the optical fiber bundle for receiving the radiation and the normal of the target surface, and the effective receiving area of the optical fiber bundle all influence the intensity of spectra and the reproducibility of measurement.
Embellishment of microfluidic devices via femtosecond laser micronanofabrication for chip functionalization (2010)

This paper demonstrates the embellishment of existing microfluidic devices with integrated three dimensional (3D) micronanostructures via femtosecond laser micronanofabrication, which, for the first time, proves two-photon photopolymerization (TPP) to be a powerful technology for chip functionalization. As representative examples, microsieves with various pore shape and adjustable pore size were successfully fabricated inside a conventional glass-based microfluidic channel prepared by wet etching for microparticle separation. Moreover, a fish scale like microfilter was also fabricated and appointed as a one-way valve, which showed excellent performance as we expected. These results indicate that such embellishment of microfluidic devices is simple, low cost, flexible and easy to access. We believe that, combined with TPP, the application of lab-on-chip devices would be further extended.
Functional Characterization of an α-Factor-Like <i>Sordaria macrospora</i> Peptide Pheromone and Analysis of Its Interaction with Its Cognate Receptor in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2005)

The homothallic filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora possesses genes which are thought to encode two pheromone precursors and two seven-transmembrane pheromone receptors. The pheromone precursor genes are termed ppg1 and ppg2. The putative products derived from the gene sequence show structural similarity to the alpha-factor precursors and a-factor precursors of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Likewise, sequence similarity has been found between the putative products of the pheromone receptor genes pre2 and pre1 and the S. cerevisiae Ste2p alpha-factor receptor and Ste3p a-factor receptor, respectively. To investigate whether the alpha-factor-like pheromone-receptor pair of S. macrospora is functional, a heterologous yeast assay was used. Our results show that the S. macrospora alpha-factor-like pheromone precursor PPG1 is processed into an active pheromone by yeast MATalpha cells. The S. macrospora PRE2 protein was demonstrated to be a peptide pheromone receptor. In yeast MATa cells lacking the endogenous Ste2p receptor, the S. macrospora PRE2 receptor facilitated all aspects of the pheromone response. Using a synthetic peptide, we can now predict the sequence of one active form of the S. macrospora peptide pheromone. We proved that S. macrospora wild-type strains secrete an active pheromone into the culture medium and that disruption of the ppg1 gene in S. macrospora prevents pheromone production. However, loss of the ppg1 gene does not affect vegetative growth or fertility. Finally, we established the yeast assay as an easy and useful system for analyzing pheromone production in developmental mutants of S. macrospora.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 attenuates spontaneous liver fibrosis resolution in the transgenic mouse (2002)

It has been suggested that the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is involved in spontaneous resolution of liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TIMP-1 altered spontaneous resolution of liver fibrosis in conjunction with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibition and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. The livers of liver-targeted TIMP-1 transgenic (TIMP-Tg) and control hybrid (Cont) mice were harvested at 0, 3, 7, and 28 days following spontaneous recovery from CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis. The extent of fibrosis resolution, MMP expression, alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cells, and procollagen-(I) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver were assessed at the respective periods in both groups. We also examined the effect of TIMP-1 on HSC apoptosis. The TIMP-Tg mice showed significantly attenuated resolution of spontaneous liver fibrosis compared with the Cont mice. The hydroxyproline content, number of alpha-SMA positive cells, and procollagen-(I) mRNA rapidly decreased with time in the Cont mice, whereas these markers were little changed in TIMP-Tg mice. The level of the active form of metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) in the TIMP-Tg mice was less than that in the Cont mice. TIMP-1 markedly decreased the nonparenchyma apoptotic cells in the liver fibrosis resolution model, and it also inhibited HSC apoptosis associated with suppression of caspase-3 activity in vitro. In conclusion, TIMP-1 significantly attenuated spontaneous resolution of liver fibrosis by the combination of a net reduction of the MMP activity and suppression of apoptosis in HSC.
Scalable QoS multicast provisioning in Diff-Serv-supported MPLS networks (2004)

IP multicast suffers from scalability problems as the number of concurrent active multicast groups increases, since it requires a router to keep a forwarding state for every multicast tree passing through it. In QoS multicast provisioning, the problem is exacerbated, since not only the forwarding state but also the resource requirement of a multicast group must be kept at the router. To provide scalable QoS multicast support, in this paper, we propose a novel architecture, called Aggregated QoS Multicast (AQoSM). Using the concept of aggregated multicast, AQoSM can support QoS multicast scalably and efficiently in DiffServ-supported MPLS networks. In this paper, we develop the framework for the architecture and provide a feasibility check from an implementation point of view. The architecture is flexible and can be customized to the needs and the existing protocols of a domain. Our simulations indicate that the architecture performs well in several common scenarios. It achieves smaller blocking of users with strong QoS requirements because of its load balancing capability. It also achieves up to 85% reduction in state with a modest 10% of bandwidth overhead.
Incorporation of an EDTA-metal complex at a rationally selected site within a protein: application to EDTA-iron DNA affinity cleaving with catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) and Cro (1992)

We have developed a simple procedure to incorporate an EDTA-metal complex at a rationally selected site within a full-length protein. Our procedure has two steps: In step 1, we use site-directed mutagenesis to introduce a unique solvent-accessible cysteine residue at the site of interest. In step 2, we derivatize the resulting protein with S-(2-pyridylthio)cysteaminyl-EDTA-metal, a novel aromatic disulfide derivative of EDTA-metal. We have used this procedure to incorporate an EDTA-iron complex at amino acid 2 of the helix-turn-helix motif of each of two helix-turn-helix motif sequence-specific DNA binding proteins, catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) and Cro, and we have analyzed EDTA-iron-mediated DNA affinity cleavage by the resulting protein derivatives. The CAP derivative cleaves DNA at base pair 2 of the DNA half-site in the protein-DNA complex, and the Cro derivative cleaves DNA at base pairs -3 to 5 of the DNA half-site in the protein-DNA complex. We infer that amino acid 2 of the helix-turn-helix motif of CAP is close to base pair 2 of the DNA half-site in the CAP-DNA complex in solution and that amino acid 2 of the helix-turn-helix motif of Cro is close to base pairs -3 to 5 of the DNA half-site in the Cro-DNA complex in solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Resource Management Framework for Central Servers (1999)

Proportional-share resource management is becoming increasingly important in today’s computing environments. In particular, the growing use of the computational resources of central service providers argues for a proportional-share approach that allows clients to obtain resource shares that reflect their relative importance. In such environments, clients must be isolated from one another to prevent the activities of one client from impinging on the resource rights of others. However, such isolation limits the flexibility with which resource allocations can be modified to reflect the actual needs of clients. We present extensions to the lottery-scheduling resource-management framework that increase its flexibility while preserving its ability to provide secure isolation. To demonstrate how this extended framework safely overcomes the limits imposed by existing proportional-share schemes, we have implemented a prototype system that uses the framework to manage CPU time, physical memory, and disk bandwidth. We present the results of experiments that evaluate the prototype, and we show that our framework enables clients of central servers to achieve significant improvements in performance.
Chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of indoles with racemic spiro indolin-3-ones (2011)

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions of indoles, pyrrole and 3-(dimethylamino)phenol with racemic spiro indolin-3-ones have been realised. With 5 mol% (S)-TRIP, Friedel–Crafts adducts bearing a quaternary stereocentre were obtained in up to 99% yield and 99% ee. The reaction features readily available, stable starting materials and delivers synthetically useful but challenging products.
Feasibility Study of a Barge Mounted System for Treatment of Sewage from Army Watercraft Holding Tank (1980)

The objective of this study was to determine the technical feasibility of using a barge mounted treatment system for handling blackwater wastes from U.S. Army watercraft. This would replace the current practice of pumping out the blackwater storage tanks on watercraft into tank trucks and transporting the materials to a sewage treatment plant. In order to develop a barge mounted blackwater treatment system a body of information was gathered and analyzed. Initially an extensive literature search was conducted to determine the state-of-the-art in marine waste treatment. This included shipboard waste characterization (in terms of quantity and pollutant concentrations) and investigation of applicable legislation. Commercial and developmental marine sanitation devices (MSD's) were studied, as well as conventional wastewater treatment methodologies which appeared feasible for barge mounting. Specific design requirements involved in barge mounting of a treatment system were also identified. Based on this information, feasible barge locations and specific design wasteloads were determined. Once the nature and quantity of the waste and basic design requirements were established, a preliminary screening of the spectrum of wastewater treatment unit processes was conducted to isolate a number of pertinent alternative systems. Suitability of these systems was based on capability to meet discharge requirements, adaptability to barge mounting and operational simplicity. These systems were then compared at each location from a cost and technical standpoint and the most feasible system(s) determined.
A Systematic Analysis of 5G Networks With a Focus on 5G Core Security (2022)

After many years of work, 5G standards are still under development and the corresponding technical specifications continue to evolve on the fly. At this moment, several countries have started to deploy 5G networks, and most of them have been following a Non-Standalone (NSA) path to incorporate the existing 4G and other legacy networks. Despite all the advertisement efforts, many people still do not have a clear view on how 5G can power all the promised mission-critical applications in a secure manner. In this paper, we bridge this gap by providing a concise review of some 5G’s new features, including the Service Based Architecture (SBA) and key Network Functions (NFs), the new security features in User Equipment (UE) and Radio Access Network (RAN), the new trust model and security mechanisms (e.g. the 5G AKA protocol), and the newly introduced common API framework (CAPIF). Along with the review of new features, we provide our observations on the potential security concerns accompanied with the relevant research results in the literature. We finally point out some new research directions.
Chromium terephthalate metal–organic framework MIL-101: synthesis, functionalization, and applications for adsorption and catalysis (2014)

The chromium terephthalate metal–organic framework, MIL-101 (MIL, Matérial Institut Lavoisier), is comprised of trimeric chromium(III) octahedral clusters interconnected by 1,4-benzenedicarboxylates, resulting in a highly porous 3-dimentional structure. The large pores (29 and 34 Å) and high BET surface area (>3000 m2 g−1) with a huge cell volume (≈702 000 Å3) together with the coordinatively unsaturated open metal sites that can be subjected to diverse post-synthesis functionalization or guest encapsulation, and excellent hydrothermal/chemical stability, make MIL-101 particularly attractive for applications, such as selective gas adsorption/separation, energy storage and heterogeneous catalysis. This paper reviews the current status of research and development on the synthesis, functionalization and applications of MIL-101 for adsorption/catalytic reactions.
Adaptive low-jitter LC-based clock distribution (2007)

A low-jitter LC-based clock distribution in 0.13μm CMOS uses a frequency-tuning technique based on a voltage-swing digitizer. Optimum jitter performance is achieved by adaptively adjusting the injection-lock ratio. The efficiency of this technique results in 25% power-savings in the clock buffer for similar or better jitter performance.
Volume rendering based interactive navigation within the human colon (2003)

We present an interactive navigation system for virtual colonoscopy, which is based solely on high performance volume rendering. Previous colonic navigation systems have employed either a surface rendering or a Z-buffer-assisted volume rendering method that depends on the surface rendering results. Our method is a fast direct volume rendering technique that exploits distance information stored in the potential field of the camera control model, and is parallelized on a multiprocessor. Experiments have been conducted on both a simulated pipe and patients' data sets acquired with a CT scanner.
Spectrum efficiency of multilevel modulation schemes in mobile radio communications (1995)

Lee (1989) has produced equations describing spectrum efficiency for modulation schemes operating in cellular environments. The present authors consider the performance of a range of multilevel modulation schemes when these spectrum efficiency equations are applied. They then proceed to adapt these efficiency equations for use in microcells before considering the performance of multilevel modulation within this environment. The results show that the preferred modulation scheme depends on the BER required, with 4 level PSK being preferred in conventional cells, and variable 16 level QAM, or 32 or 64 level QAM being suitable in microcells, particularly when a high SNR is available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Deposition of Ni/Pt Bi-Layer on Polyimide Film as Flexible Counterelectrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

A metalized plastic substrate made of a polyimide film coated with a Ni/Pt bi-layer is prepared as counterelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Surface metallization of Ni/Pt on polyimide is carried out via a chemical process, where top Pt acts as the catalyst and bottom Ni is the conduction/light-reflection layer. This counterelectrode possesses superior sheet resistance (0.173 Ω/□) and charge transfer resistance (0.38 Ω cm 2 ). The DSSC based on this metalized polyimide counterelectrode exhibits an enhanced fill factor (0.7), and accordingly its energy conversion efficiency achieves 7.12%, which is better than those assembled with other platinized counterelectrodes prepared by sputtering.
Optical and Magnetic Studies of CuSeO3·2H2O Based on the Refined Crystal Structure (1973)

Abstract Magnetic, IR and electronic spectral studies were made on CuSeO3·2H2O, its crystal structure being refined. The IR band at 927 cm−1 was found to be due to a rocking vibration of a water molecule. The H-bonding scheme was suggested. The electronic spectrum shows a maximum of the d-d transition bands at ca. 14000 cm−1. This was explained on the basis of a square pyramidal coordination of a Cu ion. Above 100 K the magnetic susceptibility obeys the Curie-Weiss law with θ=−92·6 K and μeff=2.00βB. At lower temperatures it shows a broad maximum at ca. 45 K, a sharp peak at 26.4 K corresponding to TN. The behaviour could be explained from the antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions of Cu cations through the σ-bonds of SeO32− anions. The small anisotropy and the number of cations intermediated by each anion give rise to the 1-dimensional character. A linear Heisenberg model and the molecular field model gave J⁄k values of −33 and −31 K, respectively. The latter model also gave the observed ratio of |θ|⁄TN.
Über die Bildung ungesättigter Ketone in den Mannich‐Reaktionen substituierter Acetessigsäuren (1963)

Abstract Neben dem entsprechenden Aminoketon bildet sich bei der Mannich‐Reaktion α‐substituierter Acetessigsäuren auch eine erhebliche Menge von α.β‐ungesättigtem Keton. Die Menge des ungesättigten Ketons nimmt mit der Raumerfüllung des Substituenten zu.