gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the two-directional chain synthesis strategy to the first stereochemical assignment of structure to members of the skipped-polyol polyene macrolide class: mycoticin A and B (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of the two-directional chain synthesis strategy to the first stereochemical assignment of structure to members of the skipped-polyol polyene macrolide class: mycoticin A and BStuart L. Schreiber and Mark T. GouletCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 26, 8120–8122Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00260a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00260a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Micropropagation of Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) (2012)

The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) is a perennial plant cultivated in the Mediterranean region and the Americas for its edible young flower heads. Although vegetative propagation by offshoots or by "ovoli" (underground dormant axillary buds) has been the primary method of propagation, the potential for the diffusion of diseases and the phenotypic variability can be very high. The propagation of this species by axillary shoot proliferation from in vitro-cultured meristems produces systemic pathogen-free plants and a higher multiplication rate as compared to that obtained by conventional agamic multiplication. Axillary shoot proliferation can be induced from excised shoot apices cultured on Murashige and Skoog agar solidified medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins and auxins, depending on genotype. For the production of virus-free plants, meristems, 0.3-0.8 mm long are excised from shoot apices and surface sterilized. The transfer of artichoke microshoots to a medium lacking cytokinins or with low cytokinin concentration is critical for rooting. Adventitious roots develop within 3-5 weeks after transfer to root induction MS medium containing NAA or IAA at various concentrations. However, in vitro rooting frequency rate is dependent on the genotype and the protocol used. Acclimatization of in vitro microshoots having 3-4 roots is successfully accomplished; plantlets develop new roots in ex vitro conditions and continue to grow.
IS A RHINOVIRUS VACCINE POSSIBLE? (1976)

Renewal of support for efforts to develop a rhinovirus vaccine seems justified in the light of newer epidemiologic and immunologic studies. The major contribution of RV to acute upper respiratory disease in all age groups but especially in young children emphasizes the public health importance of an effective vaccine. Epidemiologic surveillance of RV infections in widely separated areas has identified two relevant phenomena. First, in each area, certain serotypes were more frequently encountered and tended to persist. Such "common" serotypes accounted for a disproportionate share of the infections recognized and, hence, constitute special targets for immunization. Second, a clear increase over time in the proportion of RV isolates representing higher numbered (types 56-89) serotypes or untypable strains (potentially new serotypes) suggests that new serotypes continue to emerge as the result of progressive antigenic shift. The common origin of the multitudinous RV serotypes so suggested is consistent with the extensive antigenic cross-relations which are becoming evident. Systematic cross-testing with monospecific antisera, especially when high titer sera are employed, has revealed an appreciable number of one-way and reciprocal relations. Largely fortuitous observations of naturally or experimentally infected humans have revealed many additional cross-relations manifested by concurrent response to heterologous RV and presumably attributable to sensitizations resulting from prior RV infections. A model for this has been provided by rabbits immunized sequentially with different potent RV immunogens. Available information as displayed in figure 2 indicates that extensive cross-relations do exist and that sizeable groups of closely related serotypes may be identified. More intensive search for heterotypic response to infection of man coupled with selective use of the rabbit model should define the full extent and strength of cross-relations and identify completely the more closely related groups of serotypes as the basis for formulation of a broadly effective RV vaccine containing a limited number of serotypes. The cross-relations described are based entirely on development of serum neutralizing antibody, the presence of which in man is clearly correlated with relative protection against infection and disease. While this protection may well prove to be mediated largely by concomitant nasal secretory antibody, it is not unreasonable to expect that the antigenic cross-relations also would be manifested in secretory antibody response. These important questions concerning secretory antibody can be best explored in a limited series of volunteer trials with selected cross-related RV serotypes in which homotypic and heterotypic protection could be correlated with serum and nasal secretory antibody. The state of current knowledge, as I view it, is sufficient to justify initiation of such trials at any time.
Mechanical cell lysis chip with ultra-sharp nano-blade array fabricated by crystalline wet etching of (110) silicon (2010)

This paper presents a mechanical cell lysis microfluidic chip with an ultra-sharp nano-blade array fabricated by simple and cost effective crystalline wet etching of (110) silicon. The ultra-sharp nano-blade array is simply formed by the undercutting during the crystalline wet etching process. The sharpness of the silicon nano-blade is less than 10 nm after the undercutting. EL4 mouse T-lymphoma cells are used for the demonstration of the mechanical lysis chip, and the cells are easily disrupted by the silicon nano-blade array without helping of additional reagents or electrical sources. The time-resolved observation of the mechanical cell lysis shows that the developed silicon nano-blade array is enough to easily disrupt the cell membrane even at very low flow rate of 0.7 ¿¿/hr.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Baseline Values and Correlation with Prognostic Factors (2009)

Baseline CTC values provide important prognostic information and specific prediction of metastatic disease. Their presence correlates with classic biomarkers.
A quartz crystal microbalance-type odor sensor using PVC-blended lipid membrane (1995)

A new odor sensor was developed based on the quartz crystal microbalance method. Newly developed PVC-blended lipid membrane was used as odorant-adsorptive membrane. It was deposited on the surface of a quartz crystal resonator, with which the mass increase induced by the adsorption of odorants onto the membrane was measured as the resonant frequency decreased. Sensor evaluation was performed, and it was shown that the sensor had a sensitivity of 1 ppm and a response speed of less than 5 s for amylacetate gas, which are very close to those of human beings and much better than conventional oxide semiconductor-type sensors or quartz crystal microbalance-type ones-with other membranes. The odor selectivity of the sensor was also proved to be similar to that of human beings. Finally, identification of six odorants was performed by comparing the output patterns of five sensors with different membrane lipid compositions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of a minimum surface-effect three degree-of-freedom micromanipulator (2002)

This paper describes the fundamental physical motivations for small-scale minimum surface-effect design, and presents a three degree-of-freedom micromanipulator design that incorporates a minimum surface-effect approach. The primary focus of the design is the split-tube flexure, a unique small-scale revolute joint that exhibits a considerably larger range of motion and significantly better multi-axis revolute joint characteristics than a conventional flexure. The development of this joint enables the implementation of a small-scale spatially-loaded revolute joint-based manipulator with well-behaved kinematic characteristics and without the backlash and stick-slip behavior that would otherwise prevent precision control.
Measurement and prediction of indoor air quality using a breathing thermal manikin (2007)

Recommendations for optimal simulation of human breathing by means of a breathing thermal manikin when studying pollution concentration, temperature and humidity of the inhaled air as well as the transport of exhaled air (which may carry infectious agents) between occupants are outlined. In order to compare results obtained with breathing thermal manikins, their nose and mouth geometry should be standardized.
Shape-selective adsorption of aromatic molecules from water by tetramethylammonium–smectite (1989)

The adsorption of aromatic compounds by smectite exchanged with tetramethylammonium (TMA) has been studied. Aromatic compounds adsorbed by TMA–smectite are assumed to adopt a tilted orientation in a face-to-face arrangment with the TMA tetrahedra. The sorptive characteristics of TMA–smectite were influenced strongly by the presence of water. The dry TMA–smectite showed little selectivity in the uptake of benzen, toluene and xylene. In the presence of water, TMA–smectite showed a high degree of selectivity based on molecular size/shape, resulting in high uptake of benzene and progressively lower uptake of larger aromatic molecules. This selectivity appeared to result from the shrinkage of interlamellar cavities by water.
Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes of Vaccination With a Multiepitope Melanoma Peptide Vaccine Plus Low-Dose Interleukin-2 Administered Either Concurrently or on a Delayed Schedule (2004)

The results of this study support the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine composed of four peptides derived from gp100 and tyrosinase. The low-dose IL-2 regimen used for group 1 paradoxically diminishes the magnitude and frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to these peptides.
Synthesis of Te-N and Te-Te bonded Compounds (1997)

Chemistry Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007 <em>Manuscript received 8 November 1995. revised 12 August 1996, accepted 3 September 1996</em> Synthesis of Te-N and Te-Te bonded Compounds.
House‐dust mites and asthma. A review on house‐dust mites as a domestic risk factor for mite asthma (1998)

Increased exposure to house-dust mites entails a greatly increased frequency of sensitization and increased frequency of mite asthma in the population. The available case-control studies demonstrate large variations worldwide in sensitization and disease risk dependent on the actual level of population exposure. In areas with comparatively low population exposure to house-dust mites, there is a strong association between exposure and effect, while other areas with a more or less uniformly high population exposure do not demonstrate significant differences between patients and controls because the unexposed groups are too small. As to the existence of a hygienic maximum threshold exposure level, current data all point to a single value of 100 mites/g of dust, corresponding to 2 microg allergen/g of dust. This applies to the risk of sensitization and risk of disease, and when programs of prevention imply exposure below this value, convincing clinical improvement is always observed. Today, the magnitude of the health problem related to population exposure to house-dust mites in many areas is comparable to the effects of active tobacco smoking and traffic accidents.
Comparative evaluation of latency tolerance techniques for software distributed shared memory (2002)

A key challenge in achieving high performance on software DSMs is overcoming their relatively large communication latencies. In this paper, we consider two techniques which address this problem: prefetching and multithreading. While previous studies have examined each of these techniques in isolation, this paper is the first to evaluate both techniques using a consistent hardware platform and set of applications, thereby allowing direct comparisons. In addition, this is the first study to consider combining prefetching and multithreading in a software DSM . We performed our experiments on real hardware using a full implementation of both techniques. Our experimental results demonstrate that both prefetching and multithreading result in significant performance improvements when applied individually. In addition, we observe that prefetching and multithreading can potentially complement each other by using prefetching to hide memory latency and multithreading to hide synchronization latency.
Development and commercialization of a biomass gasification/power generation system (1995)

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has been a leader in the promotion and development of alternative fuel supplies based on renewable energy crops. One promising power generation technology is biomass gasification coupled with either a gas turbine in a combined cycle system or a fuel cell. The gasification of biomass can efficiently and economically produce a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in these high efficiency power systems or as a substitute fuel in other combustion devices such as boilers, kilns, or other natural gas fired equipment. This paper discusses the development and commercialization of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for gas turbine based power generation systems. Projected process economics for a gas turbine combined cycle plant are presented along with a description of integrated system operation coupling a 200kW gas turbine power generation system to a 10 ton per day gasifier, and current commercialization activities.
Calcium dependency of antigen-specific (T3-Ti) and alternative (T11) pathways of human T-cell activation. (1984)

Human T lymphocytes are activated by two lineage-specific surface components: the antigen/major histocompatibility complex receptor (T3-Ti) and the unrelated T11 molecule. Interaction of either of these with their respective ligands leads to T-cell proliferation via an interleukin 2(IL-2) dependent autocrine mechanism. To begin to characterize the molecular details of the activation process, the role of Ca2+ was examined using human T-cell clones and monoclonal antibodies directed against their surface components. Here, we show that within minutes of triggering either the T3-Ti or T11 molecule, there is a large increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, as measured by quin-2 fluorescence. This is essential for induction of T-cell proliferation in inducer, suppressor, and cytotoxic clones and therefore presumably is required at an early step in the autocrine growth pathway. Thus, chelating exogenous Ca2+ with EGTA specifically inhibits proliferation triggered by anti-T3-Ti or anti-T11 monoclonal antibodies, but it does not affect triggering by exogenous IL-2. In addition, the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 can, by itself, initiate clonal proliferation.
Temperature‐induced conformational changes in human tearlipids hydrocarbon chains (2007)

As a first step to characterize human meibum and tear lipids, infrared spectroscopy was applied to characterize the molecular structure/conformation and packing of hydrocarbon chains. Temperature-induced phase transitions were fit to a sigmoid equation and were experimentally reproducible and were similar for multiple samples collected from the same person. No hysteresis was observed. Hydration of polar tear lipids increased their phase transition cooperativity, enthalpy and entropy. Hydrophobic interactions in meibum lipid (ML) were stronger than in tear-fluid lipids (TL), as reflected by the higher entropy and enthalpy of the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of ML. The results of this study provide further evidence of the differences in the composition and structure of ML and TL. The conformational changes observed in the hydrocarbon chains of ML with temperature suggest that the observed therapeutic increased delivery of ML with eye lid heating could be related to the increased disorder in the packing of the hydrocarbon tails. This work also highlights the power of infrared spectroscopy to characterize molecular structure/conformation, and packing of human tear lipids and provides a basis for future studies of tear film lipid composition-structure-function relationships and lipid-protein interactions in relation to age, sex, and dry eye symptoms.
A Neural Network Approach to Complete Coverage Path Planning (2004)

Complete coverage path planning requires the robot path to cover every part of the workspace, which is an essential issue in cleaning robots and many other robotic applications such as vacuum robots, painter robots, land mine detectors, lawn mowers, automated harvesters, and window cleaners. In this paper, a novel neural network approach is proposed for complete coverage path planning with obstacle avoidance of cleaning robots in nonstationary environments. The dynamics of each neuron in the topologically organized neural network is characterized by a shunting equation derived from Hodgkin and Huxley's (1952) membrane equation. There are only local lateral connections among neurons. The robot path is autonomously generated from the dynamic activity landscape of the neural network and the previous robot location. The proposed model algorithm is computationally simple. Simulation results show that the proposed model is capable of planning collision-free complete coverage robot paths.
Molecular aspects of Down syndrome. (2005)

Molecular aspects of Down syndrome (DS), a major genetic cause for mental retardation, commonly associated with trisomy 21 are discussed. Two different hypotheses have been speculated to better understand the disease. One believes that increased gene dosage contributes to the phenotypic abnormalities; the other correlates genetic imbalance with DS pathogenesis. To sustain these hypotheses, different murine models have been developed. Experimental models as well as sequencing of human chromosome 21 helped in speculating a few possible candidate genes for DS. However, the phenotypic changes involved with this neurological disorder vis-a-vis the enhanced number of genes, still remain unexplained. Improvement in screening pattern, model system, as well as better understanding of the disease etiology may help in developing efficacious therapeutic regimes for DS.
Effect of Rigid Sodium Restriction on Blood Pressure and Survival of Hypertensive Rats (1945)

SummaryDrastic sodium restriction was shown to result in a marked drop in the blood pressure of rats with experimental hypertension. This drop in blood pressure was demonstrated to be accompanied by a prolongation of the survival of the animals. The drop was inhibited by the administration of large doses of choline.
C‐reactive protein and ageing (2017)

Increasing evidence shows that C-reactive protein (CRP) is not only an inflammatory biomarker but also an important risk factor associated with ageing-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that CRP is pathogenic in a number of diseases including hypertensive cardiovascular and kidney complications, diabetic nephropathy, and acute and chronic kidney diseases. It is well known that CRP binds its receptor, CD32/CD64, to induce the process of inflammation by activating the NF-κB signalling pathway. In addition, CRP mediates tissue fibrosis in a number of cardiovascular and kidney diseases by activating TGF-β/Smad signalling via TGF-β1-dependent and independent mechanisms. Furthermore, CRP is able to activate mTOR signalling in the diabetic conditions. Our recent studies also revealed that CRP impairs cell regeneration by causing the G1 cell cycle arrest and promotes ageing via a Smad3-dependent p21/p27 mechanism. In this review, we discuss the roles of CRP in ageing, with a focus on its function and mechanisms in physiological or "healthy" ageing, in ageing-related diseases, and in cell signalling.
Strain improvement of Phaffia rhodozyma by protoplast fusion (1992)

The application of Phaffia rhodozyma as an astaxanthin source in the aquaculture industry is limited because of the low carotenoid content of natural isolates. We constructed carotenoid hyperproducing hybrids of P. rhodozyma by protoplast fusion from parental strains that produced approx. 1600 μg carotenoid/g yeast and were auxotrophic for tryptophan, leucine, methionine or arginine. The hybrids were stable and consistently produced > 2000 μg carotenoid/g yeast. Karyogamy was confirmed by the isolation of recombinants after mitotic segregation of parental auxotrophic genetic markers, the increased content of DNA/cell and the presence of a single nucleus per cell. The results of this study indicated that protoplast fusion is promising for strain improvement in P. rhodozyma.
Hunt for Dengue Vaccine Heats Up as the Disease Burden Grows (2007)

TROPICAL DISEASESAs the number of cases reaches an all-time high, new techniques and an influx of research funds could mean this long-neglected disease will finally have a vaccine.
A High-Speed Carry Circuit for Binary Adders (1969)

A high-speed carry circuit for binary parallel adders is described. The circuit consists of emitter followers connected in series to form a transmission path for carry signals obtained from the individual bits of the adder.
Bolus tracking by cone-beam reconstruction and reprojection (2007)

Contrast agent bolus is used in angiography for vascular imaging. The bolus flow through a local region in the bolus wash-in phase can be captured by cone-beam scanning, producing a time series of projection images. During the bolus/blood equilibrium phase, circular cone-beam volume scanning produces a dataset that can be used for vessel (or bolus) volume reconstruction. From a bolus (or vessel) volume, we can depict the vessel anatomy and extract the 3D bolus passageways. For bolus velocity measurements, we need to calculate the 3D bolus pathlength and to determine the time interval indicated by the frame time of the dynamic bolus wash-in images. The cone-beam volume reconstruction allows 3D vessel depiction with isotropic grid resolution, thus facilitating the measurement of 3D vessel lumen and centerline. The timing information of the dynamic bolus flow corresponds to the frame time of the bolus wash-in images. In order to add time divisions to a 3D bolus passageway, we suggest a cone-beam reprojection scheme, which consists of vessel-centerline extraction, cone-beam reprojection, and image registration between reprojected images and wash-in projection images. With the accurate measurements of 3D pathlength and time interval, we can calculate the local blood flow in terms of velocity and flux. Simulations of bolus traveling along a sinuate vessel inside a cylinder are provided.