gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Age-Hardening of Fe-Ni-Co Martensitic Alloys (1967)

The age-hardening response of martensitic structures of Fe-Ni-Co ternary alloys was studied in relation to the results of dilatation and X-ray diffraction tests.Two hardening stages were observed in the decomposition process of metastable, supersaturated Fe-Ni-Co martensitic structures. The first showed weak hardening at about 450°C and the second showed strong hardening at 500°∼550°C. The second hardening took place in a spindle-shaped region around the composition including the line connecting 30%Ni and 10%Co to 20%Ni and 35%Co, and its hardness increment was 13∼14 in Rockwell-A scale. On the other hand, the hardness increment in the weak hardening region was measured as 2∼5 in Rockwell-A scale.It was concluded that (1) the hardening in the lower temperature range occurred due to the ordering of modified FeCo in the matrix, and (2) the hardening in the higher temperature range occurred due to the internal strain caused by the compositional fluctuation or/and the fine dispersion of austenite with highly concentrated solute atoms.
Isolation and characterization of isomaltulose- and trehalulose-producing bacteria from Thailand soil. (1992)

The bacterial screening to get the strains that produce isomaltulose (palatinose, 6-0-a-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) and trehalulose (1-0-a-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) from sucrose, were carried out in Thailand. Many samples such as soil, fruits, etc., were obtained mainly from the northeastern area of Thailand. And several strains named MX-2, -4, -10, -11 , and -13 were isolated from these samples. These strains, which were facultative anaerobic, gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria, belonged to the genus Klebsiella : K. planticola (MX-2, -4, -10, and -11), and K. terrigena (MX-13) The strain MX-10 produced isomaltulose and trehalulose from sucrose, and the yields of isomaltulose and trehalulose were 65 and 30% as against sucrose, respectively, when 98% of sucrose was transformed. It is interesting that the trehalulose yields were higher in the reactions by the strain MX-10 than those by Protaminobacter rubrum (9% of trehalulose and 86% of isomaltulose). The results obtained by using immobilized cells of MX-10 were described.
Dream on (1998)

The £6 billion NHS birthday booster may bypass nurses’ pockets if the spin doctors get their way, says Seamus Ward
Three‐wave mixing in whispering gallery resonators (2016)

Abstract We review the progress in the development of frequency converters based on three‐wave mixing in whispering gallery resonators (WGRs). The theoretical description, given in a unified notation for all basic processes, reveals that the phase‐matching condition known from conventional devices is replaced by several selection rules and, furthermore, the fact that conversion efficiencies of more than 25% can be reached in the overcoupled regime only. Experimentally, the conversion efficiencies exceed 50% already at milliwatt input powers. This is achieved, however, so far in bulk resonators only since today the on‐chip devices have two orders of magnitude lower quality factors. Regarding the stability of the conversion process, one has to consider impurities left from the crystal growth and material specific effects like photoconductivity, photorefractivity, and pyroelectricity. The impressive experimental progress paves the way that micrometer‐sized frequency converters based on WGRs will find the way out of the lab into real‐world applications. image
Content-addressable data storage by use of volume holograms (1999)

Data stored as volume holograms--optical interference patterns imprinted into a photosensitive storage material--can be accessed both by address and by content. An optical correlation-based search compares each input query against all stored records simultaneously, a massively parallel but inherently noisy analog process. With data encoding and signal postprocessing we demonstrate a holographic content-addressable data-storage system that searches digital data with high search fidelity.
Tertiary Mg/MgCl<sub>2</sub>/AlCl<sub>3</sub> Inorganic Mg<sup>2+</sup> Electrolytes with Unprecedented Electrochemical Performance for Reversible Mg Deposition (2017)

Because of the high reactivity and sensitivity of Mg2+ electrolytes in organic solvents, developing facile methods of preparing high-performance Mg2+ electrolytes is still challenging and thus impedes the development of Mg batteries. In this study, a convenient method involving tertiary reactants, Mg powder, MgCl2, and AlCl3, was reported to prepare all-inorganic Mg2+ electrolytes (termed MMAC electrolytes) in ethereal solvents. These MMAC electrolytes exhibited unprecedented performance for reversible Mg deposition, Coulombic efficiencies at 90–100%, overpotential of 125–215 mV, and anodic stability up to 3.5–3.8 V (vs Mg). A comprehensive fundamental study of the MMAC electrolytes showed that the electron transfer and mass transport kinetics during Mg deposition and stripping were affected by solvent, working electrode, and the composition of the electrolytes. In brief, these tertiary MMAC electrolytes represent the most facile and reliable inorganic Mg electrolytes known to date.
Bisallyl and bismethallyl derivatives of 2,3‐dihydroxypyridine (1983)

Abstract 2,3‐Dihyroxypyridine has been dialkylated with allyl bromide and methallyl chloride to give 1‐allyl‐3‐allyloxy‐2‐pyridone ( 2 ) and 1‐methallyl‐3‐methallyloxy‐2‐pyridone ( 3 ), respectively. These compounds readily undergo a Claisen rearrangement at 163° to give the bis‐1,4‐allyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridone isomers, 4 and 5 , respectively. 2,3‐Bisallyloxypyridine ( 8 ) and 2,3‐bismethallyloxypyridine ( 9 ) were synthesized from 2‐chloro‐3‐hydroxypyridine.
Ultrathin ZnS Single Crystal Nanowires: Controlled Synthesis and Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism Properties (2011)

Highly uniform single crystal ultrathin ZnS nanowires (NWs) with 2 nm diameter and up to 10 μm length were fabricated using a catalyst-free colloidal chemistry strategy. The nanowires crystallized in hexagonal phase structure with preferential growth along the direction of the (001) basal plane. The strong polarity of the (001) plane composed of Zn cations or S anions drives the oriented attachment of ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) along this direction via electrostatic (or dipole) interaction. The ultrathin ZnS nanowires show intrinsic ferromagnetism at room temperature and other unusual properties related to its unique nature, such as large anisotropic lattice expansion, large blue-shift of UV-vis absorption band of the excition, and photoluminescence spectrum of the exciton band edge. First-principles DFT computation results show that Zn vacancies can induce intrinsic ferromagnetism in these undoped ZnS NWs. The main source of the magnetic moment arises from the unpaired 3p electrons at S sites surrounding the Zn vacancies carrying the magnetic moment ranging from 0.26 to 0.66 μ(B). Calculated results indicate that the magnetic moment of the ultrathin ZnS NWs can be increased by increasing the Zn vacancy concentration without significant energy cost. The calculated magnetization value (1.96 or 0.40 emu/g for Zn vacancies on the surface of NWs or inside, respectively) by Zn(53)S(54) supercell model is larger than our experimental value (0.12 emu/g at 1.8 K and 0.05 emu/g at 300 K), but the ferromagnetic result is qualitatively in agreement.
Superoxidation of Bisretinoids (2005)

Up close and personal: Intimate retinoid polyenes, shown on the right chair, were found to react readily with oxygen (shown in red) to give the polyoxygenated species. On the other hand, when the polyenes are separated, shown on the left sofa, the oxidation is limited.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor are frequently coexpressed in highly vascularized human breast cancer. (1995)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) are known to be angiogenic growth factors in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between VEGF expression and PD-ECGF expression in human breast cancer tissues using immunocytochemical methods. Of 152 primary breast cancers, 84 (55.3%) and 71 (46.7%) were positive for VEGF and PD-ECGF, respectively. Fifty-three (63. 1%) of 84 VEGF-positive tumors had a PD-ECGF-positive phenotype, whereas only 18 (26.5%) of 68 VEGF-negative tumors had a PD-ECGF-positive phenotype. There was a significant correlation between the VEGF expression and PD-ECGF expression (P < 0.01). As a single factor, VEGF expression and PD-ECGF expression were significantly associated with an increase in the microvessel density assessed by the immunocytochemical analysis using antifactor VIII-related antigen mAb. Interestingly, in addition, of 53 tumors with more than 100 microvessel counts/1 mm2, 40 (75.5%) had both VEGF- and PD-ECGF-positive phenotypes. It was found that VEGF and PD-ECGF were frequently coexpressed in highly vascularized tumors with high microvessel counts. It is suggested that VEGF and PD-ECGF might cooperatively function in the neovascularization of human breast cancer.
Quantification of pyrethroid insecticides from treated bednets using a mosquito recombinant glutathione S‐transferase (2001)

Recombinant glutathione S-transferase (agGST1-6) from the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) was expressed in Escherichia coli using a pET3a vector system. The expressed enzyme was biochemically active with reduced glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Activity of agGST1-6 with GSH and CDNB was inhibited to different degrees by both alpha-cyano and non-alpha-cyano pyrethroid insecticides. This inhibition was used to develop an assay for quantification of pyrethroids. Standard curves of insecticide concentration against percentage of enzyme inhibition or volume of iodine solution were established by spectrophotometry and iodine volumetric titration, respectively, for permethrin and deltamethrin. These assays allowed estimation of pyrethroid concentrations both spectrophotometrically and visually. For the residue assay of each insecticide, a cut-off point of 50% of the initial pyrethroid impregnation concentration was used, which should differentiate between biologically active and inactive treated bednets. The cross-reactivity of the primary permethrin photodegradants (3-phenoxyalcohol and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid) with the recombinant agGST1-6 was assayed in the same system. No agGST1-6 inhibition by the insecticide metabolites was observed, suggesting that the system is unaffected by primary permethrin metabolites and will accurately measure insecticide parent compound concentrations. The estimated pyrethroid insecticide concentrations, given spectrophotometrically and by iodine titration assay, were comparable to those obtained by direct HPLC quantification of residues extracted from bednets. Hence, it should be relatively easy to adapt this method to produce a test kit for residue quantification in the field.
MAC based lightweight protocols for strong authentication and key exchange (2005)

Protocols that provide authentication and key distribution are mainly based on symmetric and asymmetric ciphers. In recent years, some approaches have been introduced that are based on strong one-way hash functions, and further enhancements to these approaches are given in this paper. The lightweight protocols that are presented in this paper are suitable for implementation with simple logic. They enable early recognition of attacks and make distributed session key generation possible. They are intended for use in environments with limited processing capabilities, where relatively short messages are being exchanged, e.g., agents environments.
Controlled Preparation of Nanoparticles and Polymer Core-Shell Structures for Use in Organogels and Nanocomposites (2016)

PE polyethylene PEHA pentaethylenehexamine PEO-PBO poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(butylene oxide) PEO-PPO-PEO poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-blockpoly(ethylene oxide) P3HT poly-3-hexylthiophene PI polyisoprene PI-PS poly(isoprene-block
Synthesis of compositionally different multicomponent metal-oxide films (SnO2) x (ZnO)1 − x (x = 1–0.5) (2014)

The study is concerned with high-purity SnO2 and ZnO powders produced from salt solutions of corresponding metals by low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Fragments of SnO2 and ZnO ceramic targets formed as 1 × 8 cm bars are fabricated by dry pressing. The bars are used to form composite targets for ion-beam sputtering and the fabrication of compositionally different (SnO2) x (ZnO)1 − x (x = 1–0.5) films appropriate for the production of gas sensors or transparent electronic devices. The optical and electrical parameters of the films with different compositions are studied.
HCV 感染， B 房间 non-Hodgkins 淋巴瘤和 immunochemotherapy : 证据和待研究的问题 (2012)

There is plenty of data confirming that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a predisposing factor for a B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL) outbreak, while relatively few reports have addressed the role of HCV in affecting B-NHL patients’ outcome. HCV infection may influence the short-term outcome of B-NHL because of the emergence of severe hepatic toxicity (HT) during immunochemotherapy. Furthermore, the long term outcome of HCV-related liver disease and patients’ quality of life will possibly be affected by Rituximab maintenance, multiple-lines of toxicity during chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this review, data dealing with aggressive and low-grade B-NHL were separately analyzed. The few retrospective papers reporting on aggressive B-NHL patients showed that HCV infection is a risk factor for the outbreak of severe HT during treatment. This adverse event not infrequently leads to the reduction of treatment density and intensity. Existing papers report that low-grade B-NHL patients with HCV infection may have a more widespread disease, more frequent relapses or a lower ORR compared to HCV-negative patients. Notwithstanding, there is no statistical evidence that the prognosis of HCV-positive patients is inferior to that of HCV-negative subjects. HCV-positive prospective studies and longer follow-up are necessary to ascertain if HCV-positive B-NHL patients have inferior outcomes and if there are long term sequels of immunochemotherapies on the progression of liver disease.
Robustness of Shape Similarity Retrieval under Affine Transformation (1999)

The application of Curvature Scale Space representation in shape similarity retrieval under affine transformation is addressed in this paper. The maxima of Curvature Scale Space (CSS) image have already been used to represent 2-D shapes in different applications. The representation has shown robustness under the similarity transformations. Scaling, orientation changes, translation and even noise can be easily handled by the representation and its associated matching algorithm. In this paper, we also consider shear and examine the performance of the representation under affine transformations. It is observed that the performance of the method is promising even under severe deformations caused by shear. The method is tested on a very large database of shapes and also evaluated objectively through a classified database. The performance of the method is compared with the performance of two well-known methods, namely Fourier descriptors and moment invariants. We also observe that global parameters such as eccentricity and circularity are no longer useful in an affine transform environment.
Online Parallel Accumulation–Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) with a Novel Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer (2018)

In bottom-up proteomics, peptides are separated by liquid chromatography with elution peak widths in the range of seconds, whereas mass spectra are acquired in about 100 microseconds with time-of-flight (TOF) instruments. This allows adding ion mobility as a third dimension of separation. Among several formats, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is attractive because of its small size, low voltage requirements and high efficiency of ion utilization. We have recently demonstrated a scan mode termed parallel accumulation - serial fragmentation (PASEF), which multiplies the sequencing speed without any loss in sensitivity (Meier <i>et al.</i>, PMID: 26538118). Here we introduce the timsTOF Pro instrument, which optimally implements online PASEF. It features an orthogonal ion path into the ion mobility device, limiting the amount of debris entering the instrument and making it very robust in daily operation. We investigate different precursor selection schemes for shotgun proteomics to optimally allocate in excess of 100 fragmentation events per second. More than 600,000 fragmentation spectra in standard 120 min LC runs are achievable, which can be used for near exhaustive precursor selection in complex mixtures or accumulating the signal of weak precursors. In 120 min single runs of HeLa digest, MaxQuant identified more than 6,000 proteins without matching to a library and with high quantitative reproducibility (R > 0.97). Online PASEF achieves a remarkable sensitivity with more than 2,500 proteins identified in 30 min runs of only 10 ng HeLa digest. We also show that highly reproducible collisional cross sections can be acquired on a large scale (R > 0.99). PASEF on the timsTOF Pro is a valuable addition to the technological toolbox in proteomics, with a number of unique operating modes that are only beginning to be explored.
Usefulness of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Giardia antigen in feces (1987)

The usefulness of a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which detects Giardia lamblia antigen in feces was determined in experimentally infected humans. Giardia antigen was determined in serially collected fecal specimens from humans inoculated with two Giardia isolates, GS/M and Isr. A total of 277 stools from 18 volunteers were tested, 74 from Isr-inoculated volunteers and 203 from GS/M-inoculated volunteers. None of the five Isr-inoculated volunteers became infected, and none of their stools contained Giardia antigen. In contrast, all of the 13 GS/M-inoculated volunteers became infected, and Giardia antigen was present one or more times in the stools of each. Of 203 stools from GS/M-inoculated volunteers, 73 contained Giardia cysts, and 69 of these (94.5%) had detectable antigen. In contrast, 108 of the 203 specimens were positive for Giardia antigen and only 73 had cysts. Most antigen-positive but cyst-negative specimens occurred during treatment, but during patency 71 stools contained antigen and 65 had cysts. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is infections and is easier to perform.
Serum biomarkers reflecting specific tumor tissue remodeling processes are valuable diagnostic tools for lung cancer (2014)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen type I and elastin, and intermediate filament (IMF) proteins, such as vimentin are modified and dysregulated as part of the malignant changes leading to disruption of tissue homeostasis. Noninvasive biomarkers that reflect such changes may have a great potential for cancer. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) generated fragments of type I collagen (C1M), of elastin (ELM), and of citrullinated vimentin (VICM) were measured in serum from patients with lung cancer (n = 40), gastrointestinal cancer (n = 25), prostate cancer (n = 14), malignant melanoma (n = 7), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 13), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 10), as well as in age-matched controls (n = 33). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) was calculated and a diagnostic decision tree generated from specific cutoff values. C1M and VICM were significantly elevated in lung cancer patients as compared with healthy controls (AUROC = 0.98, P < 0.0001) and other cancers (AUROC = 0.83 P < 0.0001). A trend was detected when comparing lung cancer with COPD+IPF. No difference could be seen for ELM. Interestingly, C1M and VICM were able to identify patients with lung cancer with a positive predictive value of 0.9 and an odds ratio of 40 (95% CI = 8.7-186, P < 0.0001). Biomarkers specifically reflecting degradation of collagen type I and citrullinated vimentin are applicable for lung cancer patients. Our data indicate that biomarkers reflecting ECM and IMF protein dysregulation are highly applicable in the lung cancer setting. We speculate that these markers may aid in diagnosing and characterizing patients with lung cancer.
Transient Gene Expression in Protoplasts of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> Isolated from a Cell Suspension Culture (1991)

A cell suspension culture of Phaseolus vulgaris cv Negro jamapa was established. Protoplasts isolated from this culture are suitable for transient gene expression studies after DNA transfer by either electroporation or treatment with polyethylene glycol. The optimized conditions for both methods were established, taking into consideration expression and cell viability. We have investigated two features of posttranscriptional gene regulation. We demonstrate that inclusion of the RNA leader sequence, omega (Omega), derived from tobacco mosaic virus, and a dicot intron in the leader region together enhance gene expression in this legume species about 10-fold.
Capturing indoor scenes with smartphones (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel smartphone application designed to easily capture, visualize and reconstruct homes, offices and other indoor scenes. Our application leverages data from smartphone sensors such as the camera, accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer to help model the indoor scene. The output of the system is two-fold; first, an interactive visual tour of the scene is generated in real time that allows the user to explore each room and transition between connected rooms. Second, with some basic interactive photogrammetric modeling the system generates a 2D floor plan and accompanying 3D model of the scene, under a Manhattan-world assumption. The approach does not require any specialized equipment or training and is able to produce accurate floor plans.
RAPID METHOD FOR DETERMINING FAT CONTENT IN MEAT BY USING CONTINUOUS WAVE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (CW-NMR) TECHNIQUE (2000)

Development of rapid methods is often needed for the in-line process control of the proximate composition (e.g. fat or moisture content) of meat in the meat processing plants. This paper reports on the continuous wave nuclear magnetic resonance (CW-NMR) technique applied for determining fat content in fresh meat. The interfering moisture content in meat was removed by microwave drying and the dried residue was transferred quantitatively into the NMR-tubes. The total analysis time was about 35 min. Experiments were performed with pork (with a fat content from 1.7% to 21%), beef (with a fat content from 1.0% to 16.1%), lard (rendered pork fat) and tallow (rendered beef fat) samples and with their combinations: lard-tallow, lard-lean pork, tallow-lean beef and lard-tallow-lean beef-lean pork. The regression (prediction) equations (NMR-signal vs. fat content determined with the Soxhlet reference method) of pork and beef did not differ significantly. However, there was a noticeable difference between the regression lines of pure lard and pure tallow. Moreover, the latter ones differed from the regression equations of pork, beef and of the various meat-fat combinations. The variability of the fatty acid composition of the fat also seems to influence the stability of the calibration curves, because the sensitivity of the CW-NMR signal to the fatty acid composition interferes with the quantitative determination of fat content in meat.