gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Validation of DSRC Radio Testbed and NS-2 Simulation Platform for Vehicular Safety Communications (2011)

One of the most important challenges for DSRC deployment is maintaining high performance under heavy channel load. The study of congestion control mechanisms will be impractical if it requires hundreds of physical radios deployed on vehicles. In this paper we demonstrate two important results that together suggest a strategy for investigating congestion control. First, we show that the NS-2 simulator accurately models the MAC and PHY associated with an IEEE 802.11 hardware implementation. This opens the door to using simulation as the primary investigative tool. Second, we show that a technique in which one radio emulates N vehicles can produce results quite similar to the case in which a larger number of distinct vehicles exist. This will allow selective validation tests with tens of physical radios emulating hundreds of vehicles. The means by which we demonstrate these results is a cross-validation technique. We show that three test approaches produce consistently similar results: physical radios with emulation, NS-2 with emulation, and NS-2 without emulation. The close agreement among these results validates both the radio emulation technique and the NS-2 implementation of the 802.11 MAC and PHY protocols. We use this cross-validation technique to compare results for a wide variety of transmit power, message rate, data rate, channel bandwidth, message size and EDCA settings.
Liposomal blood pool agents for nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging (1994)

Polymer-coated lipid vesicles labeled with either a radionuclide such as technetium-99m or a paramagnetic cation such as gadolinium or manganese, exhibit an extended half-life in the circulation and reduced reticuloendothelial uptake, and are of potential utility as vascular imaging agents for both nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance. For nuclear medicine applications, lipid vesicles may be prepared with radionuclide either attached to the membrane surface by means of a suitable chelate or else encapsulated within the vesicle and offer two principle advantages compared to radiolabeled red blood cells, (i) vesicle can be prepared prior to patient arrival thereby minimizing delays and scheduling difficulties and (ii) known drug interferences are eliminated. The surface-labeling approach is technically more simple and is better suited to the production of vesicles in a pharmaceutically-acceptable form ready for labeling, however encapsulation results in vesicles which exhibit less renal clearance of entrapped label. The limitations of each approach in real clinical practice are not yet evident. For magnetic resonance applications, paramagnetically-labeled vesicles would be a superior vascular marker compared to small molecular weight paramagnetic chelates and may prove useful for blood volume and perfusion measurements. Surface-associated chelates are the approach of choice for a variety of reasons including increased relaxivity and reduced lipid dose compared to vesicles with entrapped paramagnetic chelates. The presence of polymer on the membrane surface has no effect upon die relaxivity of paramagnetic chelates eitiier entrapped widiin the vesicle or bound to the membrane surface.
MRI Contrast agents: macrocyclic lanthanide(III) complexes with improved relaxation efficiency (1995)

Lanthanide(III) complexes of a novel heptadentate chelating ligand display structural and dynamic properties that are particularly interesting in view of potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Solenoidal micro coils manufactured with a wire bonder (2008)

We present for the first time the development of 3-D solenoidal micro coils using an automatic wire bonder. By developing a stable and repeatable bond process with insulated wire, micro coils with sub-millimeter diameter have been manufactured. The winding process for a single coil takes about 200 ms, whereas the manufacture of a 100-coil-array takes less than a minute. Micro coils with 4 windings and a diameter of 690 mum exhibit an inductance of 12.7 nH and a resistance of 580 muOmega at 300 MHz. These values correspond to a quality factor of 41 and compare favorably lo state-of-the-art micro coil manufacturing technologies.
Development of an Agrobacterium-Mediated Stable Transformation Method for the Sensitive Plant Mimosa pudica (2014)

The sensitive plant Mimosa pudica has long attracted the interest of researchers due to its spectacular leaf movements in response to touch or other external stimuli. Although various aspects of this seismonastic movement have been elucidated by histological, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral approaches, the lack of reverse genetic tools has hampered the investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. To overcome this obstacle, we developed an efficient genetic transformation method for M. pudica mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium). We found that the cotyledonary node explant is suitable for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation because of its high frequency of shoot formation, which was most efficiently induced on medium containing 0.5 µg/ml of a synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Transformation efficiency of cotyledonary node cells was improved from almost 0 to 30.8 positive signals arising from the intron-sGFP reporter gene by using Agrobacterium carrying a super-binary vector pSB111 and stabilizing the pH of the co-cultivation medium with 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer. Furthermore, treatment of the explants with the detergent Silwet L-77 prior to co-cultivation led to a two-fold increase in the number of transformed shoot buds. Rooting of the regenerated shoots was efficiently induced by cultivation on irrigated vermiculite. The entire procedure for generating transgenic plants achieved a transformation frequency of 18.8%, which is comparable to frequencies obtained for other recalcitrant legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max) and pea (Pisum sativum). The transgene was stably integrated into the host genome and was inherited across generations, without affecting the seismonastic or nyctinastic movements of the plants. This transformation method thus provides an effective genetic tool for studying genes involved in M. pudica movements.
Influence of Optical Defocus on Peripheral Vision (2010)

Optical defocus as low as 1 D has a large impact on most peripheral visual tasks, with high-contrast resolution being the exception. Since the everyday visual scenery consists of objects at different contrast levels, it is understandable that persons with central visual field loss are helped by correction of peripheral refractive errors. The asymmetry in sensitivity to peripheral optical defocus in low-contrast tasks that was experienced by the myopic subjects in this study merits further investigation.
Application of the redox potential for controling a sulfide oxidizing bioreactor (1998)

The investigations described show that the formation of elemental sulfur from the biological oxidation of sulfide can be optimized by controling the redox state of the solution. The nonsoluble sulfur can be removed by gravity sedimentation and re-used as a raw material, i.e., in bioleaching processes. It was shown that, by supplying an almost stoichiometrical amount of oxygen to the recirculated gas phase, the formation of sulfate is minimized. The redox potential is mainly determined by the sulfide concentration because this compound has a high standard exchange current density with the platinum electrode surface. By maintaining a particular redox setpoint value, in fact, the reactor becomes a "sulfide-stat." It was shown that in a sulfide-oxidizing bioreactor the measured redox potential, using a polished redox electrode, is kinetically determined rather than thermodynamically. The optimal redox value for sulfur formation is between -147 and -137 mV (H2 reference electrode, 30 degrees C, pH 8). The presented results are currently used for controling several full-scale installations, which desulfurize biogas and high-pressure natural gas. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Micronized emulsion for controlled release of physostigmine after oral administration. Part I. Formulation design. (1989)

Our aim was to incorporate physostigmine in a fine micronized emulsion delivery system which would prolong drug release following oral administration. Investigation of various types of equipment and experimental conditions led to a fine micronized emulsion of mean droplet size around 1 micron, which was stable at pH 5.5. The effect of physostigmine concentration and salt formation on the interfacial tension and zeta potential of the emulsion was studied. Physostigmine base markedly decreased the interfacial tension as compared to physostigmine hemisulfate and salicylate. Zeta potential was highest in the case of the salicylate. After storage at 4 37 degrees C for four months, the emulsion did not undergo any significant change.
Secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 3 by expanded articular chondrocytes as a predictor of ectopic cartilage formation capacity in vivo (2008)

Loss of the capacity for stable ectopic cartilage formation in the course of HAC dedifferentiation can be predicted by determining the relative levels of MMP-3, demonstrating that standardized culture supernatants can be used for quality control of chondrocytes dedicated for cell therapeutic approaches.
Test Apparatus for Side-Channel Resistance Compliance Testing (2011)

Abstract. A way to classify the security level of a cryptographic device is to estimate the effort an adversary has to invest in an attack to be suc-cessful. While there are metrics and mathematical models to determine the complexity of attacks on cryptographic algorithms and protocols, estimating the security level of an implementation is more complicated. This is because attacks on the implementation depend on a variety of pa-rameters: the expertise of the adversary, the equipment that is available, the knowledge about the implementation, and the individual information leakage of the device. In this paper, we propose a low cost test apparatus that allows amplifying the side-channel leakage by using a second device for noise cancelation. This technique improves the quality of side-channel measurements even without detailed knowledge and control over the ref-erence device. We evaluated our idea by designing and evaluating three different apparatus each using two cryptographic devices. We achieved a side-channel leakage improvement between 20 and 220 % compared to a classical side-channel attack setup using only one device. The number of needed traces is reduced by a factor of 10 which not only minimizes the effort in evaluating the side-channel resistance of countermeasure-enabled devices but also helps in performing efficient attacks in practice.
Optical monitoring of nonquarterwave multilayer filters (1978)

Many spectral filtering problems require the use of assemblies of layers having thicknesses which bear no obvious relationship to each other. Successful production of these multilayers requires films with thicknesses approximating theoretical values. We show that the optical methods currently used in the production of film assemblies of quarterwave layer thicknesses, which are based on the use of just one single wavelength, are poorly adapted to monitoring the deposition of nonintegral thickness multilayers. In contrast we show that with an optical control system utilizing a broad spectral bandwidth, thickness errors can be reduced. Transmittance measurements with the precision necessary to achieve this improved thickness control are attainable with existing instrumentation. This result is established by a computer simulation of the construction of a specific multilayer and remains valid for other nonquarterwave multilayer filters.
중소기업지원세제의 경제적 효과 분석 및 평가 (2015)

본 연구는 중소기업중앙회가 제시한 중소기업을 대상으로 한 15개의 핵심적 지원세제를 대상으로 이들 지원세제의 과거 실적을 바탕으로 투자유발효과와 고용창출효과를 분석함으로써 이들 지원세제를 유지·확대하는 것이 전체 국민 경제의 관점에서 바람직한 것인지에 대해 분석했고, 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 2014년 말의 개정세법이 중소기업지원세제의 경제적 효과를 유지할 수 있을 정도로 충분한 것인지에 대해 평가하였다. 먼저, 중소기업지원세제의 운용현황을 살펴보면 기업당 평균 조세지원 실적에서 중소기업은 대기업의 16.4%에 그칠 정도로 충분한 조세혜택을 받지 못하는 것과 함께 개별 중소기업지원세제의 변경과 최저한 세율의 변동이 대부분 각각의 조세지원 실적에 예상된 영향을 미쳤지만, 일부 지원세제의 경우에는 예상과 반대의 영향을 미친것으로 나타났다. 보다 분석적으로 중소기업지원세제의 효과를 평가하기 위해 실증분석한 결과에 의하면 중소기업지원세제를 통해 전체적인 측면과 함께 일부 개별 지원세제에서 투자유발효과와 고용창출효과가 있는 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 이와 같이 확인한 중소기업 지원세제의 경제적 효과를 바탕으로 최근 정부가 발표한 2014년 말의 개정세법을 평가하면 중소기업지원세제의 경제적 효과를 유지·확대할 수 있도록 충분한 개선이 이루어진것은 안전설비투자 등에 대한 세액공제, 고용창출투자 세액공제 및 해외진출기업 국내복귀에 대한 세액감면 정도에 불과한 것을 확인할 수 있다. 특히, 고용창출투자 세액공제를 제외한 나머지 조세지원은 지원규모도 매우 작기 때문에 중소기업지원세제 중에서 중소기업이 실질적인 개선의 효과를 체감할 수 있는 것은 고용창출투자 세액공제가 유일하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 다양한 조건의 중소기업들이 중소기업지원세제의 조세혜택을 체감하고, 이를 바탕으로 투자유발효과와 고용창출효과를 통한 경제적 효과를 얻기 위해서는 중소기업지원세제의 전체 항목들에 걸쳐서 충분한 개선이 이루어져야 할 것이다.
The Antibody Response to Smallpox Vaccination as Measured by a Tissue Culture Plaque Method (1960)

Summary The measurement of neutralizing antibody response to smallpox vaccination by various test systems has been unsatisfactory because small amounts of residual, uncombined virus can multiply and obscure the result. This can be avoided by use of a tissue culture plaque technique which immobilizes the spread of residual active virus. It has been found that a successful primary vaccination elicits a uniformly good response as measured by both neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition. In contrast, revaccination provokes a greater elevation in the neutralizing titer and this rise appears to be related to the circulating antibody level at the time of revaccination.
Exhaled nitric oxide in a population‐based study of asthma and allergy in schoolchildren (2005)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) reflects inflammation in the lower airways and is well adapted for use in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of the fraction of expired NO (FENO) in school children and to compare FENO and spirometry in relation to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The study was performed in 959 randomly selected 13-14-year-old school children in Uppsala, Sweden. Exhaled NO was measured at an inhalation rate of 0.1 l/s (FENO0.1) and a spirometric test was performed and data from these measurements were related to questionnaire data. Exhaled NO was measured according to American Thoracic Society recommendations, except the use of a mouth wash and an exhalation flow rate of 0.1 l/s. The distribution of the mean FENO0.1 values was skewed, with a preponderance of very low levels and a widespread tail of values ranging up to 102 parts per billion (ppb). Boys exhibited significantly higher mean FENO0.1 values than girls, 5.2 (4.7-5.7) vs 4.4 (4.0-4.8) ppb (geometric mean and 95% CI), P <0.01). Children who reported wheezing in the last year had higher FENO0.1 values than children that had not, 8.5 (7.1-10.2) vs 4.3 (4.0-4.6) ppb, P <0.001). The same association was found to most symptoms indicating hay fever and eczema. In contrast to this, only weak or inconsistent associations were found between asthma and spirometric indices. Exhaled NO levels were found to be independently related to male gender, wheeze and rhinoconjuctivitis but not to current eczema. In conclusion, exhaled NO was closely associated with reported asthma and allergy symptoms whereas spirometric indices such as percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s were not. As most asthma cases in a population are mild, the findings suggest that exhaled NO is a sensitive marker of asthma and allergy.
Antiviral Amphipathic Oligo- and Polyribonucleotides:  Analogue Development and Biological Studies (2003)

A series of novel N1 alkylated purine nucleic acids were polymerized either enzymatically or by automated synthesis to further establish the SAR requirements for HIV, RT, and HCMV activity. Out of the series, two constructs, 2'-O-methyl-1-allylinosinic acid phosphorothioate 33-mer (16) and an oligomer incorporating 1-propyl-6-thioinosinic acid residues (20), were found to be highly active under all three assay conditions. SAR studies indicate that sulfur incorporation, high molecular weight, and low steric bulk at N1 all can be important for activity.
Decoupling of consecutive gasoline controlled auto-ignition combustion cycles by field programmable gate array based real-time cylinder pressure analysis (2017)

Gasoline controlled auto-ignition combustion offers high potential for CO 2 emission reduction, but faces challenges regarding combustion stability and high sensitivity to changing boundary conditions. Combustion chamber recirculation allows a wide operation range, but results in a strong coupling of consecutive cycles due to residuals that are transferred to the subsequent combustion cycle. The cycle coupling leads to phases of unstable operation with reduced efficiency and increased emission levels. State-of-the-art control algorithms use data-driven models of gasoline controlled auto-ignition combustion to achieve cycle-to-cycle control of the process or use offline calibration and optimization. A closed-loop control is proposed and implemented on a rapid control prototyping engine control unit. The control algorithm continuously calculates the current residual fuel in the combustion chamber. The heat release is observed and compared with the theoretical heat release of the injected fuel mass. The rate of unburned fuel mass transferred to the subsequent cycle is calculated offline by a detailed gas exchange model. Based on this information, the control algorithm adapts the injected fuel quantity for each cycle individually using an inverse injector model. In this article, a concept for decoupling consecutive cycles is presented to reduce the deviations of the indicated mean effective pressure and thus the heat release. Unstable sequences are analyzed in the time domain, and unburned residuals are identified as a strong correlating factor for consecutive cycles. Using real-time cylinder pressure analysis based on a field programmable gate array enables the online calculation of unburned residual fuel. Based on this calculation, the injection of each cycle can be adapted individually to decouple consecutive cycles and avoid unstable operation. The results of the control algorithm and the stabilization of the gasoline controlled auto-ignition combustion are validated using a single-cylinder research engine and compared to steady-state operation.
Technology Transfers : factors affecting the successful transfer of technology (1997)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96954/1/MBA_WhiteW_1997Final.pdf
Low-Temperature Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Treatment in H<sub>2</sub>/He or H<sub>2</sub>/Ar Mixture (2006)

To crystallize amorphous silicon (a-Si) films at temperatures less than 600 °C, we propose an atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment method using a H 2 /He or H 2 /Ar mixture. An atmospheric-pressure stable-glow plasma was generated using a 150 MHz very high frequency power supply. After APP treatment, the Si films were characterized by reflection high-energy electron diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was employed to study the plasma. In the case of treatment with the H 2 /He plasma, the crystallization of the a-Si films started with in negligible incubation time at a substrate temperature as low as 200 °C, and the resulting Si crystallites showed anisotropic morphology. It was found that a-Si layers still existed under the crystallized layers. This result suggests that crystallization of a-Si by APP was predominated by chemical interactions between atomic hydrogen in the plasma and the treated surface. However, in the case of treatment with the H 2 /Ar plasma, Si crystallites of the treated film did not show anisotropic morphology, and film peeling was partly observed in the treated area. Additionally, from the OES, emission lines from atomic hydrogen were hardly observed in the H 2 /Ar plasma. This implies that physical interactions between Ar atoms and the film surface play a significant role in the crystallization of a-Si.
Surface Diffusion of Hydrogen on Carbon (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Diffusion of Hydrogen on CarbonAndrew J. Robell, E. V. Ballou, and Michel BoudartCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68, 10, 2748–2753Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100792a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100792a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views931Altmetric-Citations179LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Her2/neu is not a commonly expressed therapeutic target in melanoma – a large cohort tissue microarray study (2004)

Melanoma is among the most chemotherapy-resistant malignancies. Numerous new agents have been developed that target specific molecules on cancer cells, including the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, which targets Her2/neu and has been very beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer. There are conflicting reports in the literature about Her2/neu expression in melanoma specimens, but all of the cohorts studied have been small. We therefore examined Her2/neu expression in a very large cohort of melanoma specimens in order to determine the value of exploring trastuzumab therapy for melanoma patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on two tissue microarrays, together containing 600 intact specimens. Expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively and correlated with tumour stage and other clinicopathological data. Of the 600 specimens in the cohort, 31 patients (5.2%) had positive Her2/neu expression. Among the primary cutaneous specimens (n=269), 7% had positive Her2/neu staining, while 3.6% of the recurrent or metastatic specimens (n=331) had positive Her2/neu staining (P=0.06). Among the primary lesions there was no significant correlation between Her2/neu expression, Clark level and ulceration; however, Her2/neu expression was associated with lesions with a Breslow depth of < 2 mm (P=0.05). Using this very large cohort of melanoma specimens, we found only a few cases with aberrant Her2/neu expression, many of them being primary cutaneous lesions rather than recurrent or metastatic lesions. Our findings suggest that drugs that specifically target Her2/neu are not likely to be useful for the treatment of metastatic melanoma or as adjuvant therapy for melanoma patients at high risk for recurrence.