gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Getting Erlang to talk to the outside world (2002)

How should Erlang talk to the outside world? --- this question becomes interesting if we want to build distributed applications where Erlang is one of a number of communicating components.We assume these components interact by exchanging messages --- at this level of abstraction, details of programming language, operating system and host architecture are irrelevant. What is important is the ease with which we can construct such systems, and the precision with which we can isolate faulty components in such a system. Also of importance is the efficiency (both in terms of CPU and bandwidth requirements) with which we can send and receive messages in the system.One widely adopted solution to this problem involves the XML family of standards (XML, XML-schemas, SOAP and WSDL) --- we argue that this is inefficient and overly complex and propose basing our system on a simpler binary scheme called UBF (Universal Binary Format). The UBF scheme has the expressive power of the XML set of standards --- but is considerably simpler.UBF has been prototyped in Erlang --- the entire scheme (equivalent in semantic power to the XML series of standards) was implemented in a mere 1100 lines of Erlang. UBF encoding of terms is also shown to be more space efficient than the existing "Erlang term format". For example, UBF encoded parse trees of Erlang programs are on average about 60% of the size of the equivalent ETS format encoding which is used in the open source Erlang distribution.
Comparative studies on the binding properties of human and rabbit C-reactive proteins. (1980)

Abstract The binding properties of human (CRP) and rabbit (C×RP) C-reactive proteins were investigated by studying the reaction with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and three derivatives of bovine serum albumin (BSA). One derivative (BSA-PC) contained phosphodiester-linked phosphorylcholine, the other two contained phosphorylethanolamine linked to BSA through the amino nitrogen, either as a secondary amine (BSA-I-PEA-A) or through an amide bond (BSA-I--PEA-B). Like the pneumococcal C-polysaccharide, these BSA derivatives formed a precipitate upon reaction with CRP or C×RP in the presence of calcium ions. The results of the quantitative precipitin reactions and their inhibitions by phosphorylcholine and α-glycerolphosphate indicated that the binding site of C-reactive proteins consists of two loci: a primary locus responsible for the calcium-dependent binding of the phosphorylester moiety of phosphorylcholine, and a secondary locus for the binding of the cationic group of phosphorylcholine. Human CRP failed to react with BSA-I-PEA-B whereas rabbit CxRP reacted well with this ligand, which lacks the positive charge of the secondary amine because the nitrogen atom of the phosphorylethanolamine is involved in an amide bond. This observation points to a major difference in the binding properties of CRP and C×RP. For precipitin formation with the ligands, binding by the two loci in human CRP is essential whereas with the rabbit C×RP, only the binding of the phosphoryl group through Ca++ is obligatory. Rabbit and mouse C-reactive proteins were purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-phosphorylcholine column and their subunit m.w. and amino acid compositions were determined. The affinity column enabled us to demonstrate that C-reactive protein is the major protein in the acute phase serum of these animals that binds phosphorylcholine. These studies demonstrated that the phosphorylcholine derivative of BSA and that of the Sepharose are more general reagents for characterizing C-reactive proteins than the pneumococcal C-polysaccharide.
Multiclass Support Vector Machines for EEG-Signals Classification (2007)

In this paper, we proposed the multiclass support vector machine (SVM) with the error-correcting output codes for the multiclass electroencephalogram (EEG) signals classification problem. The probabilistic neural network (PNN) and multilayer perceptron neural network were also tested and benchmarked for their performance on the classification of the EEG signals. Decision making was performed in two stages: feature extraction by computing the wavelet coefficients and the Lyapunov exponents and classification using the classifiers trained on the extracted features. The purpose was to determine an optimum classification scheme for this problem and also to infer clues about the extracted features. Our research demonstrated that the wavelet coefficients and the Lyapunov exponents are the features which well represent the EEG signals and the multiclass SVM and PNN trained on these features achieved high classification accuracies.
The Effect of Diabetes on Blood Flow Properties (1983)

Blood flow is a complex process combining fluid shearing in both plasma and the interior of red blood cells with elastic deformation of blood's solid elements. The red cell membrane is the major solid in blood, but platelets and white cells contribute solid behavior as well. Changes in blood's flow properties are often hidden by blood's ability to change its pattern of response. Capillary viscometry can be used to examine serum, plasma, and hemoglobin solutions directly, but rotational viscometry, where regularity of fluid shearing can be controlled to a narrow shear rate range, is required to study blood flow effectively. The most striking diabetic blood flow abnormality is best seen in time-based rotational viscometer studies that demonstrate the pattern of development of shear stress as flow becomes established. In such studies blood demonstrates both viscoelastic and thixotropic behavior; in diabetes blood's thixotropy is substantially increased. The diabetic pattern appears to be produced by a combination of reduced erythrocyte deformability and increased erythrocyte aggregation due to plasma protein changes. The plasma protein changes observed in diabetes are linked to the development of glucose intolerance but they are not specific to diabetes. The combined increase in aggregation and resistance to deformation of red blood cells produces blood flow abnormalities that can be detected primarily at low shear rate. Plasma protein changes and alteration in blood viscosity are absent from children with diabetes, while such changes tend to be associated with diabetic microangiopathy in adults. In some in vivo conditions, the effects on blood flow that can be linked to erythrocyte deformability are magnified out of proportion to measurements made in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Smoothing imaging condition for shot-profile migration (2007)

Abstract Amplitudes in shot-profile migration can be improved if the imaging condition incorporates a division (deconvolution in the time domain) of the upgoing wavefield by the downgoing wavefield. This division can be enhanced by introducing an optimal Wiener filter which assumes that the noise present in the data has a white spectrum. This assumption requires a damping parameter, related to the signal-to-noise ratio, often chosen by trial and error. In practice, the damping parameter replaces the small values of the spectrum of the downgoing wavefield and avoids division by zero. The migration results can be quite sensitive to the damping parameter, and in most applications, the upgoing and downgoing wavefields are simply multiplied. Alternatively, the division can be made stable by filling the small values of thespectrum with an average of the neighboring points. This averaging is obtained by running a smoothing operator on the spectrum of the downgoing wavefield. This operation called the smoothing imaging condition. Our results show that where the spectrum of the downgoing wavefield is high, the imaging condition with damping and smoothing yields similar results, thus correcting for illumination effects. Where the spectrum is low, the smoothing imaging condition tends to be more robust to the noise level present in the data, thus giving better images than the imaging condition with damping. In addition, our experiments indicate that the parameterization of the smoothing imaging condition, i.e., choice of window size for the smoothing operator, is easy and repeatable from one data set to another, making it a valuable addition to our imaging toolbox.
The Conditions of Agricultural Growth (2017)

This book sets out to investigate the process of agrarian change from new angles and with new results. It starts on firm ground rather than from abstract economic theory. Upon its initial appearance, it was heralded as "a small masterpiece, which economic historians should read--and not simply quote"--Giovanni Frederico, Economic History Services.The Conditions of Agricultural Growth remains a breakthrough in the theory of agricultural development. In linking ethnography with economy, developmental studies reached new heights. Whereas "development" had been seen previously as the transformation of traditional communities by the introduction (or imposition) of new technologies, Ester Boserup argues that changes and improvements occur from within agricultural communities, and that improvements are governed not simply by external interference, but by those communities themselves Using extensive analyses of the costs and productivity of the main systems of traditional agriculture, Ester Boserup concludes that technical, economic, and social changes are unlikely to take place unless the community concerned is exposed to the pressure of population growth.
A High-density Linkage Map of Lotus japonicus Based on AFLP and SSR Markers (2008)

A collection of 94 F(6) individuals derived from crosses between Lotus japonicus, Gifu B-129 (G) and Miyakojima MG-20 (M) were used for mapping. By using the HEGS running system, 427 EcoRI/MseI primer pairs were selected to generate a total of 2053 markers, consisting of 739 G-associated dominant markers, 674 M-associated dominant markers, 640 co-dominant markers, 95 SSR markers and 2 dCAPS markers. Excluding heavily distorted markers, 1588 were mapped to six chromosomes of the L. japonicus genome based on the 97 reference markers. This linkage map consisted of 1023 unique markers (excluding duplicated markers) and covered a total of 508.5 cM of the genome with an average chromosome length of 84.7 cM and interval distance of 0.50 cM. Fifteen quantitative traits loci for eight morphological traits were also mapped. This linkage map will provide a useful framework for physical map construction in L. japonicus in the near future.
Mutagenicity of nitroaromatic degradation compounds (2003)

The mutagenicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (24DNT), and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (26DNT), and their related transformation products such as hydroxylamine and amine derivatives, which are formed by Clostridium acetobutylicum, were tested in crude cell extracts using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. A previous publication already reported the mutagenic activities of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its related hydroxylamine derivatives in this test system. A time course of the mutagenicity during the anaerobic transformation of TNT, 24DNT, and 26DNT was also investigated under the same conditions to compare with the results from the pure compounds. The monohydroxylamino intermediates 2-hydroxylamino-4-nitrotoluene (2HA4NT), 4-hydroxylamino-2-nitrotoluene (4HA2NT) and 2-hydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene (2HA6NT) formed during anaerobic transformation of dinitrotoluenes were proven to be mutagenic in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. This study reports that 4HA2NT is the most stable derivative, whereas 2HA4NT and 2HA6NT are less stable and these intermediates are mutagenic in the Ames test. Both 24DNT and 26DNT and their final metabolites 2,4-diaminotoluene (24DAT) and 2,6-aminotoluene (26DAT) appeared nonmutagenic. In a time-course study of TNT degradation, the temporal sample containing 85% of 2,4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene (24HA6NT) is most mutagenic. These observations suggest that the bioremediation approach for treatment of 24DNT and 26DNT should be carried past the hydroxylamino intermediate.
Low-dosage Ancrod for Prevention of Thrombotic Complications after Surgery for Fractured Neck of Femur (1974)

The effect of a low-dosage regimen of ancrod in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis was assessed in 24 patients having surgical repair of fractured neck femur and compared with 25 control patients who did not receive therapy. The objective of the therapy was to lower the preoperative fibrinogen level and produce a low concentration of fibrin degradation products yet avoid the haemorrhagic complications of total defibrination. Ancrod therapy proved feasible to carry out, was not associated with haemorrhagic complications, and produced sustained, predictable reductions in fibrinogen concentration. There were seven thromboembolic complications in the control patients compared to one such complication in the ancrod-treated patients. Five deaths occurred in the control group and one in the treated group. Though the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was not apparently affected by ancrod it appeared on venography that the thrombi in the treated patients were less extensive than those in the control patients. Finally, some discrepancies in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis by the three techniques of clinical examination, (125)I-fibrinogen scanning, and ascending venography were identified.
Lack of Obesity and Normal Response to Fasting and Thyroid Hormone in Mice Lacking Uncoupling Protein-3 (2000)

Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial protein that can diminish the mitochondrial membrane potential. Levels of muscle Ucp3 mRNA are increased by thyroid hormone and fasting. Ucp3 has been proposed to influence metabolic efficiency and is a candidate obesity gene. We have produced a Ucp3 knockout mouse to test these hypotheses. The Ucp3 (-/-) mice had no detectable immunoreactive UCP3 by Western blotting. In mitochondria from the knockout mice, proton leak was greatly reduced in muscle, minimally reduced in brown fat, and not reduced at all in liver. These data suggest that UCP3 accounts for much of the proton leak in skeletal muscle. Despite the lack of UCP3, no consistent phenotypic abnormality was observed. The knockout mice were not obese and had normal serum insulin, triglyceride, and leptin levels, with a tendency toward reduced free fatty acids and glucose. Knockout mice showed a normal circadian rhythm in body temperature and motor activity and had normal body temperature responses to fasting, stress, thyroid hormone, and cold exposure. The base-line metabolic rate and respiratory exchange ratio were the same in knockout and control mice, as were the effects of fasting, a beta3-adrenergic agonist (CL316243), and thyroid hormone on these parameters. The phenotype of Ucp1/Ucp3 double knockout mice was indistinguishable from Ucp1 single knockout mice. These data suggest that Ucp3 is not a major determinant of metabolic rate but, rather, has other functions.
<title>Application of the smart portal in transportation</title> (1997)

Under a program sponsored by the Department of Energy, the Oak Ridge complex is developing a `Portal-of-the-Future', or `smart portal.' This is a security portal for vehicular traffic which is intended to quickly detect explosives, hidden passengers, etc. It uses several technologies, including microwaves, weigh-in-motion, digital image processing, and electroacoustic wavelet-based heartbeat detection. A novel component of particular interest is the Enclosed Space Detection System (ESDS), which detects the presence of persons hiding in a vehicle. The system operates by detecting the presence of a human ballistocardiographic signature. Each time the heart beats, it generates a small but measurable shock wave that propagates through the body. The wave, whose graph is called a ballistocardiogram, is the mechanical analog of the electrocardiograms, which is routinely used for medical diagnosis. The wave is, in turn, coupled to any surface or object with which the body is in contact. If the body is located in an enclosed space, this will result in a measurable deflection of the surface of the enclosure. Independent testing has shown ESDS to be highly reliable. The technologies used in the smart portal operate in real time and allow vehicles to be checked through the portal in much less time than would be required for human inspection. Although not originally developed for commercial transportation, the smart portal has the potential to solve several transportation problems. It could relieve congestion at international highway border crossings by reducing the time required to inspect each vehicle while increasing the level of security. It can reduce highway congestion at the entrance of secure facilities such as prisons. Also, it could provide security at intermodal transfer points, such as airport parking lots and car ferry terminals.
Portia's perfect pad: Superhigh-tech: It may be too high-tech for some tastes, but an IEEE-member husband-and-wife team waits eagerly to move into this state-of-the-art Dallas showplace (1985)

A description is given of a high-tech home in which the various electronic technologies form an integrated environment. The home, which is near Dallas and is called FutureHome, has 13 computers, 16 telephones, more than 20 televisions, and a host of video and audio components, all linked with more than eight miles of wire. The security system, which is linked to the home control computer system, uses a perimeter-detection system, pressure-sensitive mats, and motion sensors to detect intruders. The various steps that were taken in designing FutureHome to combat radio-frequency interference are recounted. All the IBM computers in the house are linked through a local area network. Because of the publicity that the house has received, the owners are aware that computer hackers will attempt to `break' the house. The steps that have been taken to prevent this are described.
Energy Efficient Lossy Data Aggregation in Asynchronous Sensor Networks (2010)

In wireless sensor networks, most of existing data aggregation scheduling methods try to aggregate the data from all the nodes at all time-instances. It is neither energy efficient nor practical because of the link unreliability and spatio-temporal data correlation. This paper proposes a lossy data aggregation scheme to allow estimated aggregation at the root by selectively letting some nodes sample at some time slots. Firstly, all nodes sample data synchronously and the error between the real value and estimated one is guaranteed to being bounded respectively with and without the link unreliability. And the error bound is analyzed when the confidence is given a priori. Then we also design an algorithm to assign the confidence level among the parents such that each parent can calculate the minimum number of needed leaves based on the assigned confidence level. Secondly, all nodes sample data asynchronously, under which we analyze the probability that the error could be bounded under a given confidence level. Then a new algorithm is designed to implement data aggregation under a synchronization. We also present the experiment based on a real test-bed to evaluate our schemes.
End-to-End Learning of Graph Similarity (2019)

Constructing and calculating the metrics of graphs comparison precisely can be expensive due to the prohibitively high time complexity, exponential in some cases. Thus building a learning model to approximate the metrics is expected. In this paper, we convert the computation of graphs similarity/distance into a learning problem and propose an end-to-end GCN(Graph Convolutional Network) based model to calculate the GFD(Graphlet Frequency Distribution) distance of graphs. In this way, the trained model predicts the GFD distance of graphs directly rather than constructs a GFD vector by counting graphlets as in traditional methods. A experimental evaluation is conducted to validate the effectiveness of our model in real-world networks scaled from tens of nodes to thousands of nodes. Our trained model takes $ 480\times$ less time on average compared with the count-based method in the dataset. The 3-top nearest accuracy reaches 74.6% while the 5-top nearest accuracy reaches 85.2% in the test data.
Efficient sequestration and reduction of hexavalent chromium with organosilica sol–gels (2005)

Sol–gel materials prepared from organically-modified silanes are used for sequestration and reduction of Cr(VI). These sol–gels act as matrices for sequestration and reduction of Cr(VI) as well as binding of Cr(III) ions in the porous structure. Acid treated sol–gels obtained from bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (EnTMOS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (SHTMOS) sequester and reduce Cr(VI) from an external solution. The removal of Cr(VI) from solution was monitored spectrophotometrically and the sol–gels were characterized with FTIR and TEM. The amino and thiol groups in the hybrid sol–gels play a critical role and the gels containing both these functional groups are considerably more effective at removal of Cr(VI) than those containing just one of these functional groups. Finally, the pH of the medium is also found to be an important parameter in kinetics and efficiency of removal of Cr(VI).
Test and reliability: partners in IC manufacturing. 1 (1999)

This article explains the major IC reliability failure mechanisms with perspectives on their severity and relation to test.
The Kinetics of the Periodate Oxidation of 1,2-Glycols. II. Ethylene Glycol, Pinacol and cis- and trans-Cyclohexene Glycols (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the Periodate Oxidation of 1,2-Glycols. II. Ethylene Glycol, Pinacol and cis- and trans-Cyclohexene GlycolsCharles C. Price and Martin KnellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 3, 552–554Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01255a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01255a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts