gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Cell Lung Cancer Screen of Oncology Drugs, Investigational Agents, and Gene and microRNA Expression (2016)

Agents targeting nuclear kinases appear to be effective in SCLC lines. Confirmation of SCLC line findings in xenografts is needed. The drug and compound response, gene expression, and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sclccelllines.cancer.gov.
Relationship of radius to pressure along the aorta in living dogs (1963)

The instantaneous pressure-radius relationship and mean dimensions were studied at various sites along the aorta in 30 dogs. The pressure-radius relationship was studied in the living state using an electrical caliper to measure the radius continuously through the cardiac cycle. The relative dimensions of the aortic tree at branching sites were calculated from Jeltrate casts made immediately post mortem. The results indicate: 1) The value of ΔR/ΔP and the mean radius decreased with distance along the aorta. 2) The calculated value for E p , the “pressure-strain elastic modulus” increased monotonically from the ascending aorta to the bifurcation. 3) An “average” arterial tree was constructed from the mean values of the radius obtained from the caliper data and the branching ratios obtained from the casts. elastic properties, aorta; dimensions, dog aorta Submitted on March 5, 1963
Application of heuristic search and information theory to sequential fault diagnosis (1990)

The problem of constructing optimal and near-optimal test sequences to diagnose permanent faults in electronic and electromechanical systems is considered. The test sequencing problem is formulated as an optimal binary AND/OR decision tree construction problem, whose solution is known to be NP-complete. The approach used is based on integrated concepts from information theory and heuristic AND/OR graph search methods to subdue the computational explosion of the optimal test-sequencing problem. Lower bounds on the optimal cost-to-go from the information-theoretic concepts of Huffman coding and entropy are derived. These lower bounds ensure that an optimal solution is found using the heuristic AND/OR graph search algorithms; they have made it possible to obtain optimal test sequences to problems that are intractable with traditional dynamic programming techniques. In addition, a class of test-sequencing algorithms that provide a tradeoff between solution quality and complexity have been derived using the epsilon -optimal and limited search strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal Performance of a Heat Storage Module Using PCM’s With Different Melting Temperature: Experimental (1990)

A latent heat storage module was constructed, consisting of 45 cylindrical capsules fixed vertically in 15 rows. The capsules, made of 0.335-m long copper tubes having external diameters of 31.8 mm, were fixed in an insulated rectangular duct. Three commercial waxes having melting temperatures of 44°C, 53°C, and 64°C were selected. Each of the three sets of 15 tubes was filled with different wax. For comparison purposes, experiments were also done with a single commercial wax, having a melting temperature of 53°C, in all the tubes. During heat charge, hot air flowed across the capsules such that the melting temperature of the waxes decreased in the flow direction. Air flow direction was reversed during heat discharge. Experimental measurements showed some improvement in the heat transfer rates during both heat charge and discharge when three types of PCM’s were used. There was no improvement in the heat transfer rate during the sensible heat storage period, while a maximum increase of 15 percent was observed during the latent heat period. Theoretical predictions for the performance of the storage module were in reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements.
Distribution and expression of calpastatin in human hematopoietic system cells. (1988)

Thirteen cell lines of the human hematopoietic system were tested for expression of calpastatin at three different levels (mRNA, product and activity). The amount of calpastatin product and its inhibitory activity varied markedly depending upon cell types or human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection, although there were difference in the expression at the transcriptional level. Cell lines with high content of calpastatin comprised T-cell lineage infected by human T-cell leukemia virus type I, B-cell line and myelocytic leukemia cell lines. Non-infected T-cell lines and null cell line revealed themselves as poor in both calpastatin products and inhibitor activities. Two different molecular forms of calpastatin were observed: a 102-kDa form in T- and B-cell lines and a 94-kDa form in one of myelocytic cells. Three mRNA species of calpastatin (3.8, 3.0 and 2.5 kb) were identified in human hematopoietic system cells.
DualSDF: Semantic Shape Manipulation using a Two-Level Representation (2020)

We are seeing a Cambrian explosion of 3D shape representations for use in machine learning. Some representations seek high expressive power in capturing high-resolution detail. Other approaches seek to represent shapes as compositions of simple parts, which are intuitive for people to understand and easy to edit and manipulate. However, it is difficult to achieve both fidelity and interpretability in the same representation. We propose DualSDF, a representation expressing shapes at two levels of granularity, one capturing fine details and the other representing an abstracted proxy shape using simple and semantically consistent shape primitives. To achieve a tight coupling between the two representations, we use a variational objective over a shared latent space. Our two-level model gives rise to a new shape manipulation technique in which a user can interactively manipulate the coarse proxy shape and see the changes instantly mirrored in the high-resolution shape. Moreover, our model actively augments and guides the manipulation towards producing semantically meaningful shapes, making complex manipulations possible with minimal user input.
Theranostic Graphene Oxide for Prostate Cancer Detection and Treatment (2014)

Although prostate cancer has been known for thousands of years, it is a major public health issue for men even in the 21st century. As the understanding of cancer biology and the signaling pathways advances, it is now well understood that the detection of prostate cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an invaluable tool for monitoring the progression and finding possible therapies. Driven by this need, in this article, the development of magnetic‐nanoparticle‐attached theranostic graphene oxide (GO) is reported for targeted capture of prostate CTCs, accurate diagnosis, and combined therapeutic action of prostate cancer. Reported results show that anti‐epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody and A9‐aptamer‐attached flower‐shaped magnetic nanoparticle‐bound 2D graphene can be used for selective capture and label‐free multicolor luminescence imaging of LNCaP prostate cancer cell from infected blood. Experimental data demonstrate that indocyanine green (ICG)‐bound A9‐aptamer‐attached theranostic GO is capable of external near IR 785 nm light‐driven combined synergistic photothermal and photodynamic treatment of prostate cancer. Possible mechanisms for targeted capture, accurate analysis, and combined therapeutic actions have been discussed. Experimental results show that the theranostic GO can have enormous potential for real‐life applications, once optimized properly in clinical settings.
A comparison study between different sliding window decorrelating detectors for asynchronous CDMA-UMTS (2002)

Among the different receiver architectures which are able to cope with the multiple access interference (MAI) impediments, the decorrelator structure based on linear filtering is a good potential solution since it leads to a near-far resistant algorithm in CDMA systems with a moderate complexity. However, since, the ideal asynchronous decorrelator requires the observation of the entire input bit sequence, it is not suitable for practical applications. In this paper, we propose some methods using correction for both edges of the finite observed window.
An application of neural net chips: handwritten digit recognition (1988)

A general-purpose, fully interconnected neural-net chip was used to perform computationally intensive tasks for handwritten digit recognition. The chip has nearly 3000 programmable connections, which can be set for template matching. The templates can be reprogrammed as needed during the recognition sequence. The recognition process proceeds in four major steps. First, the image is captured using a TV camera and a digital framegrab. This image is converted, using a digital computer, to either black or white pixels and scaled to fill a 16*16-pixel frame. Next, using the neural-net chip, the image is skeletonized, i.e. the image is thinned to a backbone one pixel wide. Then, the chip is programmed, and a feature map is created by template-matching stored primitive patterns on the chip with regions on the skeletonized image. Finally, recognition, based on the feature map, is achieved using any one of a variety of statistical and heuristic techniques on a digital computer. Best scores range between 90% and 99% correct classification, depending on the quality of the original handwritten digits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new pseudolite battlefield navigation system (2002)

Rockwell Collins is developing a pseudolite (PL) based Battlefield Navigation System (BNS). (Farley, 1998). The BNS is intended for use as a navigational aid when GPS signals are unavailable or being interfered with. This paper will present a new PL navigation system concept based on the Rockwell Collins Personal Computer Signal Generator (PCSG) satellite simulator product line. The PL navigation system requires modifications to the current PCSG design and an innovative adaptation of the GPS Keplerian equations. The Keplerian equation modifications allow reuse of the GPS downlink data structure and current GPS receiver hardware designs. In order to facilitate testing of the BNS system concept, Rockwell Collins has developed a prototype laboratory PL navigation system. This paper will document the laboratory demonstration system test configuration and test results. Mitigation of the PL Near/Far problem is a goal of the BNS development team. A number of PL RF pulsing schemes were investigated to determine the optimum solution for use with a standard military GPS receiver (PLGR-Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver). An enhancement program is currently underway to add a self-surveying capability to the PCSG based PL design. The Self-Surveying Pseudolite (SSPL) will be a portable PL transmitter that determines its location and then begins broadcasting PL navigation signals. A military GPS receiver, such as the PLGR, modified only with a new version of software, can use the SSPL signals as a navigational aid or as an independent SV constellation in lieu of GPS. At the completion of the enhancement program, Rockwell Collins will conduct a series of outdoor, system validation tests on the SSPL battlefield navigation system.
Hidradenitis suppurativa : From pathogenesis to emerging treatment options (2015)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease that is characterized by inflammation of the hair follicles. The cause of HS is largely unknown and the disease remains difficult to treat. Mrs. Janine Dickinson-Blok studied the pathogenesis of HS and the efficacy of existing and emerging therapies. In the first part of her thesis she focused on the pathogenesis of HS. She demonstrated that fragility of hair follicles is not a hallmark of HS, as was previously described by others. She did find that a specific protein called integrine α6β4 is highly present at the sebaceous glands of HS patients. This protein may contribute to activation of the immune system and consequently to an exacerbation of the disease. Additionally, she described that patients with Down syndrome possibly have a functional deficiency of an enzyme called gamma-secretase. This could raise the risk for the development of HS in this patient group. The second part focused on treatment of HS. Based on a systematic review she concluded that the use of specific inhibitors of the immune system, so-called TNF-α inhibitors, is the best medical treatment of HS to date. Furthermore, she showed that ustekinumab (an immune therapy drug) is effective in the majority of a group HS patients. Additionally, she described a new surgical technique for moderate to severe HS (the Skin Tissue sparing Excision with Electrosurgical Peeling procedure). Finally, she concluded that in most cases the combination of surgery with systemic agents is mandatory in order to prevent new inflammatory lesions.
Vestigial-sideband payload for high-speed all-optical label-switching network (2005)

A novel vestigial-sideband (VSB) payload scheme is proposed for high-speed all-optical label-switching (AOLS) networks. The combination and separation of the VSB payload and the optical label is experimentally demonstrated, and the influences of the power-split ratio, time-delay interference, interferometric noise (IN), and wavelength difference between the payload and the label are analyzed. Simulation and experiment results show that this VSB payload scheme can highly reduce the channel bandwidth and it is easy to realize by using optical filters, so it is a potential technique to be used in optical networks with bit rate of 40 Gb/s.
The concept of resistance interval: a new parametric model for realistic resistive bridging fault (2002)

From circuit measurement, it has been demonstrated that actual bridging faults have an intrinsic resistance mainly in the range from 0 /spl Omega/ to 500 /spl Omega/. This paper first analyses the consequences of this resistance on the electrical and logic behavior of bridging faults. Second, it is demonstrated that the classical models such as the voting model which consider the resistance as negligible, do not accurately and realistically represent the behavior of the fault. Third, a new parametric bridging fault model is proposed allowing to realistically represent the faulty behavior according to the intrinsic resistance which is not known a priori. Finally, a parametric bridging fault simulation algorithm is described together with some redefinition of the classical concepts of fault detection and fault coverage.
Improving task skill transfer method by acquiring impedance parameters from human demonstration (2013)

This paper addresses how to acquire reusable robot skills for practical tasks based on a programming by demonstration approach. Specifically, this paper aims at improving the task skill transfer method, which has been proposed by the authors, by acquiring impedance parameters and equilibrium trajectories simultaneously from demonstration data. First, the overview of the task skill acquisition method is described. Then, how to acquire the impedance parameters is discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
The genetic structure of admixed populations. (1991)

A method for simultaneously estimating the admixture proportions of a hybrid population and Wright's fixation index, FST, for that hybrid is presented. It is shown that the variance of admixture estimates can be partitioned into two components: (1) due to sample size, and (2) due to evolutionary variance (i.e., genetic drift). A chi-square test used to detect heterogeneity of admixture estimates from different alleles, or loci, can now be corrected for both sources of random errors. Hence, its value for the detection of natural selection from heterogeneous admixture estimates is improved. The estimation and testing procedures described above are independent of the dynamics of the admixture process. However, when the admixture dynamics can be specified, FST can be predicted from genetic principles. Two admixture models are considered here, gene flow and intermixture. These models are of value because they lead to very different predictions regarding the accumulation of genes from the parental populations and the accumulation of variance due to genetic drift. When there is not evidence for natural selection, and it is appropriate to apply these models to data, the variance effective size (Ne) of the hybrid population can be estimated. Applications are made to three human populations: two of these are Afro-American populations and one is a Yanomamö Indian village. Natural selection could not be detected using the chi-square test in any of these populations. However, estimates of effective population sizes do lead to a richer description of the genetic structure of these populations.
Mineral neogenesis as an inspiration for mild, solvent-free synthesis of bulk microporous metal–organic frameworks from metal (Zn, Co) oxides (2013)

“Accelerated aging” is a simple and conceptually novel methodology for the synthesis of functional metal–organic materials, which seeks to provide a scalable, mild and environmentally-friendly alternative to solution-based or mechanochemical syntheses. Accelerated aging draws inspiration from slow processes of geological biomineralization and mineral neogenesis, and adapts them for the low-energy and solvent-free synthesis of modern metal–organic materials. This systematic study outlines the development of an accelerated aging synthesis of microporous frameworks from metal oxides CoO and ZnO. Whereas metal oxides often require high temperatures or aggressive reagents, accelerated aging allows their spontaneous transformation into porous materials under surprisingly mild conditions, akin to those of molecular self-assembly (humid air, up to 45 °C). Here, we describe how accelerated aging can be optimized for the one-step synthesis of multi-gram amounts of microporous solids. As targets, we selected popular zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs): the sodalite-topology ZIF-8, its cobalt analogue ZIF-67, and a related zeolite RHO framework. Unlike conventional solution or mechanochemical syntheses, accelerated aging is diffusion-controlled and does not require continuous agitation, bulk solvent or high temperature. The syntheses of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 contrast the conventional paradigm of metal–organic framework synthesis, by demonstrating that microporous materials can be spontaneously and efficiently assembled from a close-packed metal oxide without using solvents, high temperature or other activation (e.g. microwave, sonochemical, mechanochemical).
Disease origin and progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an immunology perspective (2014)

The immune system is inextricably linked with many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating neuromuscular disorder affecting motor cell function with an average survival of 3 years from symptoms onset. In ALS, there is a dynamic interplay between the resident innate immune cells, that is, microglia and astrocytes, which may become progressively harmful to motor neurons. Although innate and adaptive immune responses are associated with progressive neurodegeneration, in the early stages of ALS immune activation pathways are primarily considered to be beneficial promoting neuronal repair of the damaged tissues, though a harmful effect of T cells at this stage of disease has also been observed. In addition, although auto-antibodies against neuronal antigens are present in ALS, it is unclear whether these arise as a primary or secondary event to neuronal damage, and whether the auto-antibodies are indeed pathogenic. Understanding how the immune system contributes to the fate of motor cells in ALS may shed light on the triggers of disease as well as on the mechanisms contributing to the propagation of the pathology. Immune markers may also act as biomarkers while pathways involved in immune action may be targets of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the modalities by which the immune system senses the core pathological process in motor neuron disorders, focusing on tissue-specific immune responses in the neuromuscular junction and in the neuroaxis observed in affected individuals and in animal models of ALS. We elaborate on existing data on the immunological fingerprint of ALS that could be used to identify clues on the disease origin and patterns of progression.
[Features of epidemiological activity in medicine]. (2004)

The article deals with the main elements of scientific knowledge in epidemiology, viz. its subject matter, goals and methods. The statement is substantiated that the main subject of epidemiology, determining its specificity, is the morbidity of the population, and the content of the epidemiological goals and methods are disclosed. The determination of the term "epidemiological approach" as well as a scheme reflecting the structure of epidemiology are presented.
Prostate Cancer Specific Mortality and Gleason 7 Disease Differences in Prostate Cancer Outcomes Between Cases With Gleason 4 + 3 and Gleason 3 + 4 Tumors in a Population Based Cohort (2009)

Gleason 7 prostate cancer shows heterogeneous behavior with Gleason 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 tumors conferring different prostate cancer specific mortality. These data provide important information for counseling patients with Gleason 7 prostate cancer on the natural history of the disease and may inform treatment decisions.
Sulfated oligosaccharides (heparin and fucoidan) binding and dimerization of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL 12) are coupled as evidenced by affinity CE-MS analysis (2008)

Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a potent chemoattractant involved in leukocyte trafficking and metastasis. Heparan sulfate on the cell surface binds SDF-1 and may modulate its function as a coreceptor of this chemokine. A major effect of the glycosaminoglycan binding may be on the quaternary structure of SDF-1, which has been controversially reported as a monomer or a dimer. We have investigated the effect of sulfated oligosaccharides on the oligomerization of SDF-1 and of its mutated form SDF-1 (3/6), using affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) hyphenated to mass spectrometry (MS). Coupled to MS, ACE allowed the study for the first time of the effect of size-defined oligosaccharides on the quaternary organization of SDF-1 in muM range concentrations, i.e., lower values than the mM values previously reported in NMR, light scattering, and ultracentrifugation experiments. Our results showed that in the absence of sulfated oligosaccharides, SDF-1 is mostly monomeric in solution. However, dimer formation was observed upon interaction with heparin-sulfated oligosaccharides despite the mM Kd values for dimerization. A SDF-1/oligosaccharide 2/1 complex was detected, indicating that oligosaccharide binding promoted the dimerization of SDF-1. Heparin tetrasaccharide but not disaccharide promoted dimer formation, suggesting that the dimer required to be stabilized by a long enough bound oligosaccharide. The SDF-1/oligosaccharide 1/1 complex was only observed with heparin disaccharide and fucoidan pentasaccharide, pointing out the role of specific structural determinants in promoting dimer formation. These results underline the importance of dimerization induced by glycosaminoglycans for chemokine functionality.