gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A gradient method for the quantitative analysis of cell movement and tissue flow and its application to the analysis of multicellular <i>Dictyostelium</i> development (1994)

We describe the application of a novel image processing method, which allows quantitative analysis of cell and tissue movement in a series of digitized video images. The result is a vector velocity field showing average direction and velocity of movement for every pixel in the frame. We apply this method to the analysis of cell movement during different stages of the Dictyostelium developmental cycle. We analysed time-lapse video recordings of cell movement in single cells, mounds and slugs. The program can correctly assess the speed and direction of movement of either unlabelled or labelled cells in a time series of video images depending on the illumination conditions. Our analysis of cell movement during multicellular development shows that the entire morphogenesis of Dictyostelium is characterized by rotational cell movement. The analysis of cell and tissue movement by the velocity field method should be applicable to the analysis of morphogenetic processes in other systems such as gastrulation and neurulation in vertebrate embryos.
ChemInform Abstract: Cubic Boron Nitride Synthesis and Applications (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CTLA4Ig prevents lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction in CTLA-4-deficient mice (1997)

Mice lacking CTLA-4 develop a fatal spontaneous lymphoproliferative disease with massive lymphocytic infiltrates and tissue destruction in many organs. CTLA-4-deficient (-/-) splenocytes and lymph node cells proliferate without added stimuli in vitro. We report here that CTLA4Ig treatment of CTLA-4 -/- mice prevents lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue damage in vivo and proliferation of CTLA-4 -/- splenocytes and lymph node cells in vitro. Therefore, stimulation via CD28-B7 interactions appears necessary for CTLA-4 -/- T cell proliferation and the production of lymphoproliferative disease in vivo. When CTLA4Ig treatment is terminated, CTLA-4 -/- T cells become activated and lymphoproliferative disease develops. The lack of long term protective effects of CTLA4Ig treatment suggests that CTLA-4 is needed for the induction and or maintenance of tolerance.
Mutton Sheep in Kenya (1937)

(1937). Mutton Sheep in Kenya. The East African Agricultural Journal: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 129-132.
Learning Graphical Models for Hypothesis Testing and Classification (2010)

Sparse graphical models have proven to be a flexible class of multivariate probability models for approximating high-dimensional distributions. In this paper, we propose techniques to exploit this modeling ability for binary classification by discriminatively learning such models from labeled training data, i.e., using both positive and negative samples to optimize for the structures of the two models. We motivate why it is difficult to adapt existing generative methods, and propose an alternative method consisting of two parts. First, we develop a novel method to learn tree-structured graphical models which optimizes an approximation of the log-likelihood ratio. We also formulate a joint objective to learn a nested sequence of optimal forests-structured models. Second, we construct a classifier by using ideas from boosting to learn a set of discriminative trees. The final classifier can interpreted as a likelihood ratio test between two models with a larger set of pairwise features. We use cross-validation to determine the optimal number of edges in the final model. The algorithm presented in this paper also provides a method to identify a subset of the edges that are most salient for discrimination. Experiments show that the proposed procedure outperforms generative methods such as Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes and Chow-Liu as well as their boosted counterparts.
PSA Fluoroimmunoassays Using Anti-PSA ScFv and Quantum-Dot Conjugates (2008)

This study demonstrates that binding activity of scFv/Qdot conjugates can be improved through structure-based genetic engineering of the scFv.
NMDA Receptor Blockade with Memantine Attenuates White Matter Injury in a Rat Model of Periventricular Leukomalacia (2008)

Hypoxia-ischemia (H/I) in the premature infant leads to white matter injury termed periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the leading cause of subsequent neurological deficits. Glutamatergic excitotoxicity in white matter oligodendrocytes (OLs) mediated by cell surface glutamate receptors (GluRs) of the AMPA subtype has been demonstrated as one factor in this injury. Recently, it has been shown that rodent OLs also express functional NMDA GluRs (NMDARs), and overactivation of these receptors can mediate excitotoxic OL injury. Here we show that preterm human developing OLs express NMDARs during the PVL period of susceptibility, presenting a potential therapeutic target. The expression pattern mirrors that seen in the immature rat. Furthermore, the uncompetitive NMDAR antagonist memantine attenuates NMDA-evoked currents in developing OLs in situ in cerebral white matter of immature rats. Using an H/I rat model of white matter injury, we show in vivo that post-H/I treatment with memantine attenuates acute loss of the developing OL cell surface marker O1 and the mature OL marker MBP (myelin basic protein), and also prevents the long-term reduction in cerebral mantle thickness seen at postnatal day 21 in this model. These protective doses of memantine do not affect normal myelination or cortical growth. Together, these data suggest that NMDAR blockade with memantine may provide an effective pharmacological prevention of PVL in the premature infant.
An all-optical modulator based on a graphene–plasmonic slot waveguide at 1550 nm (2019)

An all-optical modulator with high modulation efficiency based on a graphene-plasmonic slot waveguide structure is proposed. The modulation efficiency is enhanced by the strong interaction between the light and the graphene–plasmonic structure. A modulation efficiency of 0.21 dB μm−1 is obtained with the signal light at a wavelength of 1550 nm. A graphene–plasmonic slot waveguide device of length of 10 μm is fabricated in the experiment. Benefiting from the strong modulation, it is a promising candidate as an on-chip optical modulator with high modulation efficiency and micrometer-scale footprint.
Interconnect characterization using time domain reflectometry (2002)

An approach is presented for macromodeling interconnect circuitry based on measured time domain reflectometry (TDR) data. In two example circuits which are macromodeled, delay, reflection, transmission, and crosstalk are accurately simulated as compared to measured data.
Design and analysis of broadband microwave absorber utilizing FSS screen constructed with circular fractal configurations (2006)

The design of an FSS screen constructed using a circular fractal configuration to implement a broadband microwave absorber is presented in this paper. The decrement method is used to measure the microwave absorber's reflective response. The reflectivity representation recognizes the characterization of the microwave absorber. Simulation and measurement results are presented and analyzed. An FSS screen with a lotus-pod pattern is introduced in order to obtain a better bandwidth and absorption in this study. A broadband reflectivity response with 22% fractional bandwidth below −10 dB is presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 449–453, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21376
Reactions of γδ-unsaturated ketones with peracids. 2,7-Dioxabicyclo-[2,2,1]heptanes (1968)

Reaction of a series of γδ-unsaturated ketones with m-chloroperbenzoic acid did not yield the expected epoxides. Depending on the nature of the unsaturated ketone, the reaction products are two (occasionally one) 2,7-dioxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptanes or a mixture of these with two epimeric 6-hydroxy-2,7-dioxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptanes and a 5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran derivative. Separate treatment of the latter compound with the same oxidant yielded the two 6-hydroxy-dioxabicycloheptanes. A bicyclic orthoacetate, 1,5-dimethyl-3-exo-phenyl-2,7,8-trioxabicyclo[3,2,1]octane, was isolated from the oxidation reaction of 5-methyl-3-phenylhex-5-en-2-one. A common intermediate, in its various stereoisomeric forms, is suggested for the formation of the dioxabicycloheptanes, the dihydrofuran, and the bicyclic orthoacetate. The n.m.r. spectra are discussed in terms of chemical shifts and coupling constants.
Debromination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron: Pathways, Kinetics, and Reactivity (2010)

The debromination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) was studied to investigate the degradation pathways and the reaction kinetics of the PBDEs. The primary PBDE investigated was 2,3,4-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE 21) to assess degradation pathways. nZVI could effectively debrominate the selected PBDEs into lower brominated compounds and diphenyl ether, a completely debrominated form of PBDEs. The susceptibility of the meta-bromine by nZVI was observed from the debromination tests for PBDEs with single-flanked (2,3-diBDE and 3,4-diBDE) and unflanked (three mono-BDEs) bromines. The stepwise debromination from n-bromo- to (n-1)-bromodiphenyl ether was observed as the dominant reaction process, although simultaneous multistep debromination seemed to be plausible for di-BDEs having two bromines adjacent on the same phenyl ring. The reaction rate constants were estimated by assuming the reaction between PBDEs and nZVI was a pseudo-first-order reaction and the rates decreased with fewer bromine substituents. The reaction rate constants were correlated with the heat of formation and the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the corresponding compounds, and these appear to be useful descriptors of relative reaction rates among PBDE homologue groups.
Functional Analysis of the C-terminal Region of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin (2000)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a cytokine that primarily stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. TPO has a unique C-terminal tail peptide of about 160 amino acids that consists mostly of hydrophilic residues and contains six N-linked sugar chains. In order to investigate the biological function of the C-terminal domain, two series of mutations were performed. One is systematic truncation from the C terminus. Another is elimination of N-glycosylation sites in the C-terminal domain by Asn to Gln mutations. After the mutant proteins were expressed by mammalian cells, it was found that the elimination of the N-linked sugar sites did not affect the biological activity, whereas truncation of the C-terminal domain resulted in elevation of in vitro activity up to 4-fold. The C-terminal peptide itself was found to inhibit the in vitro activity. Moreover, both the C-terminal truncation and the elimination of the N-glycosylation sites decreased the secretion level progressively down to (1)/(10) that of wild type, and the amount of the mutant left in the cell increased. The N-glycosylation in the C-terminal region was found to be important for secretion of TPO. Among six N-glycosylation sites in the C-terminal region, two locations, Asn-213 and Asn-234, were found to be critical for secretion, and two other locations, Asn-319 and Asn-327, did not affect the secretion.
Deep Learning: Edge-Cloud Data Analytics for IoT (2019)

Sensors, wearables, mobile and other Internet of Thing (IoT) devices are becoming increasingly integrated in all aspects of our lives. They are capable of collecting massive quantities of data that are typically transmitted to the cloud for processing. However, this results in increased network traffic and latencies. Edge computing has a potential to remedy these challenges by moving computation physically closer to the network edge where data are generated. However, edge computing does not have sufficient resources for complex data analytics tasks. Consequently, this paper investigates merging cloud and edge computing for IoT data analytics and presents a deep learning-based approach for data reduction on the edge with the machine learning on the cloud. The encoder part of the autoencoder is located on the edge to reduce data dimensions. Reduced data are sent to the cloud where there are used directly for machine learning or expanded to original features using the decoder part of the autoencoder. The proposed approach has been evaluated on the human activity recognition tasks. Results show that 50% data reduction did not have a significant impact on the classification accuracy and 77% reduction only caused 1% change.
Telomerase Activity in Primary Prostate Cancer (1997)

The present results indicate that telomerase activity might be a marker for detecting malignancy of the prostate and evaluating the malignant potential of prostate cancer.
Reversal of functional disorders by aspiration, expiration, and cough reflexes and their voluntary counterparts (2012)

Agonal gasping provoked by asphyxia can save ~15% of mammals even from untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF), but it fails to revive infants with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Our systematic study of airway reflexes in cats and other animals indicated that in addition to cough, there are two distinct airway reflexes that may contribute to auto-resuscitation. Gasp- and sniff-like spasmodic inspirations (SIs) can be elicited by nasopharyngeal stimulation, strongly activating the brainstem generator for inspiration, which is also involved in the control of gasping. This "aspiration reflex" (AspR) is characterized by SI without subsequent active expiration and can be elicited during agonal gasping, caused by brainstem trans-sections in cats. Stimulation of the larynx can activate the generator for expiration to evoke the expiration reflex (ExpR), manifesting with prompt expiration without preceding inspiration. Stimulation of the oropharynx and lower airways provokes the cough reflex (CR) which results from activating of both generators. The powerful potential of the AspR resembling auto-resuscitation by gasping can influence the control mechanisms of vital functions, mediating reversal of various functional disorders. The AspR in cats interrupted hypoxic apnea, laryngo- and bronchospasm, apneusis and even transient asphyxic coma, and can normalize various hypo- and hyper-functional disorders. Introduction of a nasogastric catheter evoked similar SIs in premature infants and interrupted hiccough attacks in adults. Coughing on demand can prevent anaphylactic shock and resuscitate the pertinent subject. Sniff representing nasal inspiratory pressure and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) are voluntary counterparts of airway reflexes, and are useful for diagnosis and therapy of various cardio-respiratory and neuromuscular disorders.
Improving Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides: Development of a State‐of‐the‐Art Methodology Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as Cyanating Agent. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxygen-effect on Strand Breaks and Specific End-groups in DNA of Irradiated Thymocytes (1975)

Thymocytes were irradiated with fast electrons up to 6 Mrad in the presence and absence of oxygen. The cells were treated before irradiation with a cold shock to prevent any repair rejection during irradiation. The DNA isolated subsequently was analysed for double-strand breaks (dsb), actual single-strand breaks (ssb) and alkali-induced strand breaks (alisb). We observed a linear increase of all types of lesions with dose and an o.e.r. for dsb of 3-6, for ssb of 4-9 and for alisb of 2-1. The data do not deviate significantly from those, measured on thymocytes irradiated without cold shock. In DNA of irradiated thymocytes, the frequency of 3' and 5' hydroxyl and 5' phosphate end-groups was analysed enzymatically. In both the ssb and alisb, about 11 per cent of the terminals carry 5'OH end-groups and 20-40 per cent 5' phosphate groups. On the 3' terminals, 60-80 per cent of the ssb are identified as 3'OH end-groups, whereas on the alisb only a small amount of 3'OH end-groups if found. The frequency of characterized end-groups shows the same oxygen effect as the corresponding strand breaks. Therefore, in the presence and absence of oxygen, the same mechanism may be responsible for formation of DNA strand breaks in vivo.
Knee strengthening exercises at home, but not dietary intervention, reduce knee pain and improve knee function in overweight and obese people over 2 years (2010)

Commentary on: CM Jenkinson, M Doherty, AJ Avery, et al.. Effects of dietary intervention and quadriceps strengthening exercises on pain and function in overweight people with knee pain: randomised controlled trial. BMJ2009;339:b3170.
Novel Role for Decay-Accelerating Factor in Coxsackievirus A21-Mediated Cell Infectivity (2004)

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is involved in the cell membrane attachment of many human enteroviruses. Presently, further specific active roles of DAF in mediating productive cell infection and in the pathogenesis of natural enterovirus infection are poorly understood. In an attempt to more fully understand the role of DAF in lytic cell infection we examined the specific interactions of the prototype strain of coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) with surface-expressed DAF. Investigations into discrete DAF-CVA21 interactions focused on viral binding; viral particle elution with respect to the parameters of time, temperature, and pH; and subsequent cell infection. Radiolabeled-virus binding assays revealed that peak elution of CVA21 from DAF occurred within 15 min of initial attachment and that the DAF-eluted virus increased in a linear fashion with respect to temperature and pH. CVA21 eluted from endogenous surface-expressed DAF was highly infectious, in contrast to CVA21 eluted from intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), which retained little to no infectivity. Using an adenovirus transduction system, we demonstrate that CVA21 can remain infectious for up to 24 h after DAF binding and is capable of initiating a multicycle lytic infection upon delayed ICAM-1 surface expression. Taken together, the data suggest that a major role of DAF in cell infection by the prototype strain of CVA21 is to provide membrane concentration of infectious virions, effectively increasing viral interactions with endogenous or induced ICAM-1.
Octacidomycine, IV : Neue Totalsynthese von rac-Octacidomycin und strukturverwandten Oligocarbonsäuren / Octacidomycins, IV : A New Total Synthesis of rac-Octacidomycin and Structurally Related Oligocarboxylic Acids (1998)

Following a new strategy, an improved total synthesis of the unique antibiotic octacidomycin (1) and of structurally related oligocarboxylic acids was developed (Scheme 1,2). Starting from 3 and the tetraethylester of 1,17-dibromo-6,6,12,12-heptadecane-tetracarboxylic acid (6 ) as a key compound, systematical fragment condensations lead to the nonatriacontanepentadecacarboxylic acid 11 and hence to the 1,3,9,15,21,27,33,39-nonatriacontane-octacarboxylic acid 1. The synthetic pathway can easily be modified and generally be applied for the synthesis of a broad variety of hitherto unknown oligocarboxylic acids or their esters, respectively, and even of cyclic analogues (Scheme 2).
5.7 GHz Gilbert I/Q Downconverter Integrated With a Passive LO Quadrature Generator and an RF Marchand Balun (2008)

A 5.7 GHz downconversion mixer is demonstrated in this letter using 0.35 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. A quarter-wavelength coupled line and two center-tapped transformers are utilized to generate differential quadrature LO signals. A miniaturized Marchand balun is placed before the common-base-configured RF input stage of each Gilbert mixer to generate balanced RF signals. All the reactive passive elements are placed directly on the standard silicon substrate. The 5.7 GHz downconverter achieves 7 dB conversion gain, 26dBm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> , and 18dBm IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> at the power consumption of 3.875 mW and 2.5 V supply voltage.
Errors in polarization measurements due to static retardation in photoelastic modulators (1993)

We present a new version of the program MatInspector that identifies TFBS in nucleotide sequences using a large library of weight matrices. By introducing a matrix family concept, optimized thresholds, and comparative analysis, the enhanced program produces concise results avoiding redundant and false-positive matches. We describe a number of programs based on MatInspector allowing in-depth promoter analysis (DiAlignTF, FrameWorker) and targeted design of regulatory sequences (SequenceShaper).
Solvent‐free sample introduction for supercritical fluid chromatography using polymer coated fibers (1994)

Abstract A solvent‐free sample introduction method for supercritical fluid chromatography that uses polymer coated fused silica fibers results in very stable baseline and high efficiency separations. The method has two steps: first, a fiber is exposed to a prepared mixture of target analytes or a sample so that the polymeric coating absorbs analytes, and second, the fiber is placed inside a piece of tubing connected to the column of a supercritical fluid chromatograph. The supercritical fluid carrier extracts analytes from the coating and transfers them onto the head of the column. Pressure programmed separation follows. The method was tested on high molecular weight and polar analytes using 100 and 50 μm i.d. capillary columns. Fibers with a polydimethylsiloxane coating were used to extract hydrophobic analytes, and fibers with a polyacrylate coating were used to extract more polar compounds.
A<i>Mycoplasma</i>protein homologous to mammalian SRP54 recognizes a highly conserved domain of SRP RNA (1992)

A protein homologous to SRP54, a subunit of the mammalian signal recognition particle (SRP), was identified in Mycoplasma mycoides. The mycoplasma protein was expressed in E.coli and purified to near homogeneity. It was shown to bind specifically in vitro to a small mycoplasma RNA with structural features related to the RNA component of SRP. These findings provide evidence of a ribonucleoprotein complex in mycoplasma reminiscent of SRP. A part of the RNA was protected from ribonuclease digestion in the presence of the SRP54 homologue. The protected region contains structural elements that have been highly conserved in SRP RNAs during evolution.