gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SlickFeel (2012)

We present SlickFeel, a single haptic display setup that can deliver two distinct types of feedback to a finger on a touchscreen during typical operations of sliding and clicking. Sliding feedback enables the sliding finger to feel interactive objects on a touchscreen through variations in friction. Clicking feedback provides a key-click sensation for confirming a key or button click. Two scenarios have been developed to demonstrate the utility of the two haptic effects. In the first, simple button-click scenario, a user feels the positions of four buttons on a touchscreen by sliding a finger over them and feels a simulated key-click signal by pressing on any of the buttons. In the second scenario, the advantage of haptic feedback is demonstrated in a haptically-enhanced thumb-typing scenario. A user enters text on a touchscreen with two thumbs without having to monitor the thumbs' locations on the screen. By integrating SlickFeel with a Kindle Fire tablet, we show that it can be used with existing mobile touchscreen devices.
Nematic-Smectic Transition under Confinement in Liquid Crystalline Colloidal Shells (2011)

We carry out the first study of smectic liquid crystalline colloidal shells and investigate how their complex internal structure depends on the director configuration in the nematic phase, preceding the smectic phase on cooling. Differences in the free energy cost of director bend and splay give an initial skewed distribution of topological defects in the nematic phase. In the smectic phase, the topological and geometrical constraints of the spherical shell imposed on the developing 1D quasi-long-range order create a conflict that triggers a series of buckling instabilities. Two different characteristic defect patterns arise, one driven by the curvature of the shell, the other by the strong nonuniformities in the director field in the vicinity of the topological defects.
Characterization and regulation of the 58,000-dalton cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase. (1992)

The P68 protein kinase is a serine/threonine kinase induced by interferon treatment and activated by double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Once activated, the kinase phosphorylates its natural substrate, the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) leading to potential limitations in functional eIF-2 and decreases in protein synthesis initiation. We have recently purified from influenza virus-infected cells a P68 kinase inhibitor, found to be a 58-kDa cellular protein. We have now investigated the mechanisms by which the 58-kDa inhibitor regulates P68 kinase activity and how the inhibitor itself is controlled. The 58-kDa inhibitor did not function by degrading or sequestering the dsRNA activator of P68 but could repress phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha by an already activated protein kinase. Utilizing antibody prepared against a 58-kDa-specific peptide, we showed that the 58-kDa proteins from infected and uninfected cells were present in equivalent amounts. Although kinase inhibitory activity could not be detected in crude uninfected cell extracts, ammonium sulfate treatment unmasked this activity and allowed purification of the cellular inhibitor with identical chromatographic properties as that from influenza virus-infected cells. Finally, we have identified and partially purified a specific inhibitor of the 58-kDa protein which we refer to as an "anti-inhibitor." Based on these data, we present a model depicting the complex regulation of the interferon-induced protein kinase in eukaryotic cells.
Novel Low-Density Signature for Synchronous CDMA Systems Over AWGN Channel (2008)

Novel low-density signature (LDS) structure is proposed for transmission and detection of symbol-synchronous communication over memoryless Gaussian channel. Given N as the processing gain, under this new arrangement, users' symbols are spread over N chips but virtually only d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> < N chips that contain nonzero-values. The spread symbol is then so uniquely interleaved as the sampled, at chip rate, received signal contains the contribution from only d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> < K number of users, where K denotes the total number of users in the system. Furthermore, a near-optimum chip-level iterative soft-in-soft-out (SISO) multiuser decoding (MUD), which is based on message passing algorithm (MPA) technique, is proposed to approximate optimum detection by efficiently exploiting the LDS structure. Given beta = K/N as the system loading, our simulation suggested that the proposed system alongside the proposed detection technique, in AWGN channel, can achieve an overall performance that is close to single-user performance, even when the system has 200% loading, i.e., when beta = 2. Its robustness against near-far effect and its performance behavior that is very similar to optimum detection are demonstrated in this paper. In addition, the complexity required for detection is now exponential to dc instead of K as in conventional code division multiple access (CDMA) structure employing optimum multiuser detector.
The cooling technology of solar cells under concentrated system (2009)

Temperature control is very important to keep the efficiency of solar cells, because the open-circuit voltage of the system is obviously dropped, when the temperature is raised, so as to a decline in output power of solar cells. Especially in the concentrated system, solar cells worked several times even hundreds of times in the irradiation conditions, so the temperature will significantly increased. This not only reduces the efficiency of power generation, but also impacts the life-span of the photovoltaic cells. In this paper, we analyze different ways of using system's thermal energy, and introduce the major methods and work features for concentrated solar cells cooling system, research progress about concentrated PV system in the domestic and abroad are summarized, in order to provide the foundation of improving the efficiency of the concentrated photovoltaic systems.
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Experience (2017)

CIN is common in kidney transplant recipients, and there is room for quality improvement with regards to careful renal function monitoring post-contrast exposure. In our study, <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine exposure and lower hemoglobin were associated with CIN. Calcineurin inhibitor use was not associated with CIN. Our sample size is small, however, and larger prospective studies of CIN in renal allografts are needed.
What Is Stimulated Reservoir Volume? (2010)

Summary Ultralow-permeability shale reservoirs require a large fracture network to maximize well performance. Microseismic fracture mapping has shown that large fracture networks can be generated in many shale reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs and tight gas sands, single-plane-fracture half-length and conductivity are the key drivers for stimulation performance. In shale reservoirs, where complex network structures in multiple planes are created, the concepts of single-fracture half-length and conductivity are insufficient to describe stimulation performance. This is the reason for the concept of using stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) as a correlation parameter for well performance. The size of the created fracture network can be approximated as the 3D volume (stimulated reservoir volume) of the microseismic-event cloud. This paper briefly illustrates how the SRV can be estimated from microseismic-mapping data and is then related to total injected-fluid volume and well performance. While the effectively producing network could be smaller by some proportion, it is assumed that the created and the effective network are directly related. However, SRV is not the only driver of well performance. Fracture spacing and conductivity within a given SRV are just as important, and this paper illustrates how both SRV and fracture spacing for a given conductivity can affect production acceleration and ultimate recovery. The effect of fracture conductivity is discussed separately in a series of companion papers. Simulated-production data are then compared with actual field results to demonstrate variability in well performance and how this concept can be used to improve completion design, well spacing, and placement strategies.
Index compression through document reordering (2003)

An important concern in the design of search engines is the construction of an inverted index. An inverted index, also called a concordance, contains a list of documents (or posting list) for every possible search term. These posting lists are usually compressed with difference coding. Difference coding yields the best compression when the lists to be coded have high locality. Coding methods have been designed to specifically take advantage of locality in inverted indices. Here, we describe an algorithm to permute the document numbers so as to create locality in an inverted index. This is done by clustering the documents. Our algorithm, when applied to the TREC ad hoc database (disks 4 and 5), improves the performance of the best difference coding algorithm we found by fourteen percent. The improvement increases as the size of the index increases, so we expect that greater improvements would be possible on larger datasets.
Macrophage Markers 25F9 and 27E10 on Human Keratinocytes in Normal and Diseased Skin (1993)

In the present study, an immunohistochemical analysis was made of the expression pattern of different macrophage markers such as 25F9, 27E10 and RM 3/1 on the surface of human keratinocytes (HK) in biopsies obtained from healthy volunteers and from patients with lichen planus, chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host reaction, mycosis fungoides, and purpura pigmentosa chronica. In biopsies from the healthy volunteers and from both clinically involved and uninvolved skin of the patients, the HK of the basal cell layer exhibited a specific peroxidase-positive reaction when the monoclonal antibody against 25F9 was used. Lesional HK from all patients studied displayed 25F9 and 27E10 in nearly the entire epidermis. The present findings provide further evidence that HK and macrophages share a number of common cell surface moieties.
Effect of carnitine on branched-chain amino acid oxidation by liver and skeletal muscle. (1978)

The effect of L-carnitine (0.5-2.0 mM) on the rates of alpha-decarboxylation of 1-14C-labeled branched-chain amino acids by gastrocnemius muscle and liver homogenates of fed rats was investigated. Carnitine increased the rate of alpha-decarboxylation of leucine (125%) and valine (28%) by muscle, but it was without effect on the oxidation of these amino acids by liver. Carnitine increased the rate of alpha-decarboxylation of alpha-ketoisocaproate by both tissues. This effect was more pronounced in muscle (130% increase) than in liver (41% increase). The activity of carnitine acyltransferase, with isovaleryl-CoA as a substrate, was 18 times higher in muscle mitochondria than in liver mitochondria. Both starvation and diabetes increased the rate of alpha-decarboxylation of leucine by muscle without having a remarkable effect on the concentration of carnitine or the activity of carnitine acyltransferase. We conclude that: a) carnitine stimulates decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids by increasing the conversion of their ketoanalogues into carnitine esters, b) a greater carnitine acyltransferase activity in muscle than in liver may be responsible for the greater carnitine effect in muscle, c) carnitine does not appear responsible for the enhancement of leucine oxidation by muscle of starved and diabetic rats.
Intra- and extracellular Abeta and PHF in clinically evaluated cases of Alzheimer's disease. (2004)

Temporal cortical sections from postmortem brains of individuals without any dementing condition and with different degrees of severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) evaluated by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR 0-CDR 3) were analyzed using immunohistochemical procedures. To demonstrate the amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta) deposition and the neurofibrillary pathology, two monoclonal antibodies were used, a human CERAD Abeta (10D5) antibody raised against the N-terminal region of the Abeta-peptide, and an antibody raised against paired helical filaments (PHF-1). The neuron cell bodies and the glial cells were also recognized by two polyclonal antibodies raised, respectively, against the protein gene peptide (PGP 9.5) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Directly related to severity of AD, progressive deposits of Abeta-peptide were found within cortical pyramidal-like neurons and forming senile plaques. Ultrastructurally, Abeta-peptide deposits were related to neuronal intracytoplasmic organelles, such as the ER, the mitochondria, the Nissl bodies and lipofuscin. We have also found that the intracellular deposition of the Abeta peptide is a neuropathological finding prior to the appearance of PHF-immunoreactive structures. We suggest that the intracellular Abeta deposition in cortical pyramidal neurons is a first neurodegenerative event in AD development and that it is involved in cell dysfunction, neuronal death, and plaque formation.
Transcription factor sigma B of Bacillus subtilis controls a large stationary-phase regulon (1993)

Transcription factor sigma B of Bacillus subtilis is active during the stationary growth phase, but its physiological role remains unknown. Understanding the function and regulation of genes controlled by sigma B (csb genes) should provide important clues to sigma B function in stationary-phase cells. To this end, we used a genetic approach to identify six new csb genes. This strategy relies on two elements: (i) random transcriptional fusions between the Escherichia coli lacZ gene and genes on the B. subtilis chromosome, generated in vivo with transposon Tn917lacZ, and (ii) a plate transformation technique to introduce a null sigB mutation into the fusion-bearing recipients directly on indicator plates. This strategy allowed the comparison of fusion expression in strains that were isogenic save for the presence or absence of a functional sigma B protein. Beginning with 1,400 active fusions, we identified 11 that were wholly or partly controlled by sigma B. These fusions mapped to six different loci that exhibit substantial contrasts in their patterns of expression in the logarithmic and stationary growth phases, suggesting that they participate in diverse cellular functions. However, for all six loci, the sigma B-dependent component of their expression was manifest largely in the stationary phase. The high frequency of six independent csb loci detected in a random collection of 1,400 fusions screened, the fact that four of the six new loci were defined by a single fusion, and the absence of the previously identified ctc and csbA genes in the present collection strongly suggest that sigma B controls a large stationary-phase regulon.
Iron Hydride Complexes Bearing Phosphinite-Based Pincer Ligands: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalytic Application in Hydrosilylation Reactions (2011)

Treatment of resorcinol-derived bis(phosphinite) ligands 1,3-(R2PO)2C6H4 (R = iPr and Ph) with Fe(PMe3)4 furnishes iron POCOP-pincer hydride complexes [2,6-(R2PO)2C6H3]Fe(H)(PMe3)2 (R = iPr, 1a; R = Ph, 1b) with two PMe3cis to each other. The isopropyl complex 1a undergoes ligand substitution upon mixing with CO to give [2,6-(iPr2PO)2C6H3]Fe(H)(PMe3)(CO). The kinetic product (2a) of this process contains a CO ligand trans to the hydride, whereas the thermodynamic product (2a′) has a CO ligand cis to the hydride. The displacement of PMe3 in 2a by CO takes place at an elevated temperature, resulting in the formation of [2,6-(iPr2PO)2C6H3]Fe(H)(CO)2 (3a). These new iron POCOP-pincer hydride complexes catalyze the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones with different functional groups, and 1a is the most efficient catalyst for this process. Isotopic labeling experiments rule out the hydride ligand being directly involved in the reduction. The hydrosilylation reactions are more likely to proceed via the activation of silanes or carbonyl substrates after ligand (PMe3, or CO in the case of 3a) dissociation from the iron center.
HYBRID MODE ANALYSIS OF RF CHARACTERISTICS IN SEMICONDUCTORS (1990)

The method of lines has been applied to study the RF/microwave characteristics of 111-V semiconductor traveling wave electrooptic modulators. Double-rib, multilayer strip wave-guides have been investigated. It is found that Schottky barrier junction controlled structures support multi-nondispersive modes having phase velocities that closely match the optical carrier. These modes are potentially useful in ultra-fast modulators operating into the millimeter wave band.
Comparison Between Different Femoral Fixation Devices for ACL Reconstruction With Doubled Hamstring Tendon Graft: A Biomechanical Analysis (2006)

Transcondylar devices offer the best structural properties for femoral fixation of doubled hamstring tendon graft in ACL reconstruction.
Azonia polycyclic quinones, <i>o</i>‐diazo‐oxides and related products (1970)

Abstract 4α‐Azoniaanthracene‐5,6‐ and 5,8‐dione salts have been prepared by nitric acid oxidation of their respective diols, and are shown to function as either an electrophilic dienophile or a diene component in Diels‐Alder‐type reactions. Several azonia o ‐quinones have been treated with tosylhydrazine in methanol saturated with hydrogen chloride to give unusually stable o ‐diazo‐oxides. A four‐step dehydroxylation procedure is detailed for the conversion of .5,6‐dihydroxy‐4α‐azonia‐anthracene salts to new 5‐hydroxy‐4α‐azoniaanthracene salts.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Selected Properties of Graphene (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis of Single-Layer and Few-Layered Graphenes Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons Selected Properties Inorganic Graphene Analogs References
Indications of infection with <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> are associated with expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (2000)

Abstract Background This was a study of the possible association between the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and indicators of infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. Methods Blood samples were taken from patients with AAA (3 cm diameter or greater detected by an aneurysm screening programme) who had been followed prospectively for up to 11·5 (mean 4·1) years. A sex- and age-matched control group was also recruited. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies against C. pneumoniae were measured by a microimmunofixation test. Analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Ninety men and ten women with a small AAA and 20 age-matched male controls were investigated. Outcome measures studied were AAA expansion, and IgA and IgG titres of antibodies against C. pneumoniae. Results Forty-four (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 31–55) per cent of the men with an AAA had IgA greater than 64 or IgA above 28 compared with 10 per cent of the women with an AAA (odds ratio (OR) 7·2 (95 per cent c.i. 1·0–160·8)) and 25 per cent of the controls (OR 2·24 (95 per cent c.i. 0·67–7·93)). IgA greater than 128 was significantly associated with greater expansion (5·3 versus 2·6 mm per year), even after adjustment for initial AAA size and age. A significant dose–response reaction was found between IgA titre and mean annual expansion (R = 0·45 (95 per cent c.i. 0·24–0·62)). The significant positive correlation remained after adjusting for initial AAA size and age. Finally, IgG greater than 128 was present significantly more often in patients with expansion above 1 cm annually (OR 12·6 (95 per cent c.i. 1·4–293)). Conclusion A high proportion of men with AAA have signs of infection by C. pneumoniae. The progression of AAAs correlated with the presence of indicators of C. pneumonia infection, and a dose–response reaction between IgA titre and expansion was observed.
Formation of nanocrystals based on decomposition in the amorphous Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 alloy (1996)

Primary crystallization and decomposition in the bulk amorphous alloy Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 have been studied by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SANS data of samples annealed isothermally at 623 K exhibit an interference peak centered at q=0.46 nm−1 after an incubation time of about 100 min. TEM and DSC investigations confirm that the respective periodic variation in the scattering length density is due to the formation of nanocrystals embedded in the amorphous matrix. These observations suggest that during the incubation time a chemical decomposition process occurs and the related periodic composition fluctuations give rise to the observed periodic arrangement of the nanocrystals.
A calculus of variations demonstration: The gradient index lens (1988)

Calculating ray paths in a gradient index lens provides a simple, practical application of the calculus of variations. Inexpensive lenses are available for use as a lecture demonstration.
Correlating Chemical Sensitivity with Low Level Activation of Mechanotransduction Pathways in Hematologic Malignancies (2017)

Large-scale screening has revealed that human hematopoietic cancer cell lines are generally more sensitive to various classes of drugs than cell lines established from solid tumors. A detailed examination of data in the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (http://portals.broadinstitute.org/ctrp/) suggests that this enhanced sensitivity is due to lower basal levels of activation of TAZ-TEAD mechanotransduction pathways in hematopoietic versus non-hematopoietic cells. Translation inhibitors such as omacetaxine mepesuccinate (homoharringtonine) fall into this category of hematopoietic-selective compounds. Moreover, additional molecular determinants of sensitivity suggest that homoharringtonine might show therapeutic efficacy in certain patients with advanced hematologic malignancies despite activation of these pathways.
Influence of the antimitotic agents colchicine and oryzalin on<i>in vitro</i>regeneration and chromosome doubling of diploid bananas (<i>Musa</i>spp.) (2002)

SummaryIn vitro cultures of the four diploid banana cultivars, Sannachenkadali (AA), Anaikomban (AA), Kunnan (AB) and Thattillakunnan (AB) were treated with two antimitotic agents, colchicine (C22H25NO6) and oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) to induce ploidy alterations, particularly the induction of tetraploids, which would serve as useful breeding material for creating newer, improved triploids. Both antimitotic agents, but particularly colchicine, had a negative effect on the in vitro regeneration of the four cultivars. This was reflected in terms of delay in regeneration, reduced multiple shoot regeneration rates, regeneration of smaller microshoots with lower fresh weights, and reduced response to rhizogenesis. Colchicine, as expected, had a negative effect on the number of multiple shoots regenerated. However, oryzalin at lower concentrations (10 mM and 20 mM) resulted in the regeneration of more microshoots per culture than the untreated control. The chromosome doubling capacity of colchicine was equal to that of oryzalin only at 125–200 times higher concentrations. The cultivars exhibited a genome-related response.