gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circadian eating and drinking habits in alloxan diabetic rats. (1987)

Eating and drinking habits were studied in control and alloxan diabetic rats of up to 12 months' duration of diabetes, with emphasis on the hour-to-hour circadian pattern and the relationship between eating and drinking. In contrast to previous studies food and water intake started to increase immediately after alloxan injection possibly because of avoidance of alloxan induced acute renal insufficiency by kidney protection during alloxan injection. A biphasic circadian pattern of food and water intake was seen in both diabetic and control rats, but day-time eating and drinking were practically absent in controls in contrast to diabetic rats. The diabetic animals' meals and drinking bouts were significantly longer than the controls and the frequency of drinking bouts, but not of meals, was increased. Drinking was mainly associated with meals in both diabetic and control rats. Insulin treatment in diabetic rats partly normalized daily food and water intake.
Observation of BER degradation due to fading in long-distance optical amplifier system (1993)

4500 km optical fibre transmission at 5 Gbit/s was successfully carried out using 138 erbium-doped fibre amplifiers. However, the long term performance measurement shows BER fluctuation. It is found that such BER fluctuation can be correlated to the fading of the optical signal-to-noise ratio presumably due to the polarisation effect.
Synthesis of New Polysubstituted Pyrrolidinones with Potential Biological Activity (2008)

The reaction of succinic anhydride and N-benzylidene-benzylamine gave rise to the corresponding substituted trans-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, which was transformed stereoselectively into two series of compounds. The first one consists of carboxamides, and the second one includes aminomethyl derivatives. The compounds prepared incorporate both a pyrrolidinone part and other nitrogen containing heterocyclic fragments of pharmacological interest.
IEEE 802.15.4a -- Understanding the protocol and Reducing Multi-User Interference (2013)

Experimental results from various studies have proved that the 2.4 GHz ISM band has become increasingly congested. Widespread use of Wi-Fi (802.11) along with incumbent technologies already utilizing this band have made it difficult to provide other wireless services within the same band without an increase in bit error rate and a drop in throughput. The 802.15.4 protocol which has been defined for low data rate networks is currently also being deployed in the 2.4 GHz band.\nThis paper suggests the use of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) as a feasible alternative to deploying a Zigbee based Home Area Network (HAN) on the 2.4 GHz spectrum using Direct Spread Spectrum (DSSS). The FCC has approved the 802.15.4a standard for an UWB PHY layer in a sensor based networks. This study gives an analysis of the standard. The performance evaluation for this standard leads our focus to multi-user interference effects on preamble detection which affects synchronization and timing acquisition in a non-coherent energy detector receiver. The paper also considers two approaches that can be taken up to overcome multi-user interference so that, the inherent robustness of UWB is not overcome by inaccuracy in data reception introduced by interference.
Selectins and mechanisms of signal transduction (1998)

Abstract Leukocyte emigration is essential in both lymphocyte homing, as a central part of immune surveillance, and in leukocyte invasion at sites of inflammation. The emigration of leukocytes requires the interplay of adhesion molecules of the selectin and integrin families and chemokines. Selectindependent cell-cell interaction is essential in localizing leukocytes within tissues by promoting the rolling of leukocytes along the endothelial cell surface before development of tight adhesion and subsequent transendothelial migration. Selectins also play an active role in the initiation of intracellular signaling pathways and regulation of cell-cell interactions involving monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. This review focuses mainly on the emerging evidence of biochemical signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of selectin-dependent leukocyte activation and adhesion, as well as the critical role played by selectins as leukocyte stimulatory molecules. This evidence has serious implications regarding the development of immune and inflammatory responses. This article will also review key structural features of the selectin receptors. A summary is provided of our current understanding of the specific molecular interaction occurring between these adhesion molecules and their counter-receptors, focusing on the critical roles they may play in the regulation of functional responses.
IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MOTHER AND THE FETUS (2002)

The immunological relationship between the mother and the fetus is a bi-directional communication determined on the one hand by fetal antigen presentation and on the other hand by recognition of and reaction to these antigens by the maternal immune system. There is evidence now that immunological recognition of pregnancy is important for the maintenance of gestation, and that inadequate recognition of fetal antigens might result in failed pregnancy. In contrast to HLA-A and -B Class I genes that are downregulated in human trophoblast cells, nonpolymorphic Class I molecules, e.g., HLA-G Class Ib, are expressed in extravillous cytotrophoblast and also in endothelial cells of fetal vessels in the chorionic villi as well as in amnion cells and amniotic fluid. The trophoblast does not induce transplantation immunity and resists NK- and CTL-mediated lysis in vitro. According to our present knowledge, HLA-G presents antigens for gamma/delta T cells and at the same time defends the trophoblast from cytotoxic effector mechanisms. Since polymorphic MHC is absent from the trophoblast, presentation of fetally derived antigens is unlikely to be MHC restricted. gamma/delta T cells recognize a distinct group of ligands with a smaller receptor repertoire than alpha/beta T cells. Most gamma/delta T cells recognize unprocessed foreign antigens without MHC. In the decidua gamma/delta TCR-positive cells significantly increase in number and the majority of decidual gamma/delta T cells are in an activated form due to recognition of conserved mammalian molecules on the trophoblast. Following recognition of fetally derived antigens, the immune system reacts with the setting in of a wide range of protective mechanisms. Many observations suggest that pregnancy is associated with an altered TH1/TH2 balance. Maternal immune response is biased toward humoral immunity and away from cell-mediated immunity that could be harmful to the fetus. Cytokines of maternal origin act on placental development. On the other hand, antigen expression on the placenta determines maternal cytokine pattern. Normal human pregnancy is characterized by low peripheral NK activity, and increased NK activity seems to play a role in spontaneous abortions of unknown etiology. In early human pregnancy the majority of uterine lymphocytes are CD56(bright) granulated NK cells, which do not express CD16 or CD3. In rodents and humans, uterine NK cells are under hormonal control. In early pregnancy they are enriched at sites where fetal trophoblast infiltrates the decidua. The dynamics of the appearance of uterine NK cells suggest that one of the functions of these cells is control of placentation. Another protective mechanism operating in favor of pregnancy is progesterone-dependent immunomodulation. Due to stimulation by fetally derived antigens, pregnancy lymphocytes develop progesterone receptors and in the presence of progesterone produce a mediator (PIBF) that, through altering the cytokine balance, inhibits NK activity and exerts an antiabortive effect in mice.
Microgun-pumped blue lasers (1995)

Microgun-pumped lasers, in which electron beam pumping is achieved via an array of low-voltage, field-emission microtips, were demonstrated in the blue and blue-green regions of the spectrum. The devices exploit graded index, separate confinement Zn1−xCdxSe/ZnSe heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on In1−xGaxAs(100) substrates. Lasing thresholds were in the 4–20 kW/cm2 range for temperatures between 83 and 225 K, and the device lifetime exceed several hours at a 12.5% duty cycle for a laser operating at 83 K and a wavelength of 478.4 nm.
Primary structure of porcine muscarinic acetylcholine receptor III and antagonist binding studies (1988)

The complete amino acid sequence of porcine muscarinic acetylcholine receptor III has been deduced by cloning and sequencing the genomic DNA. The antagonist binding properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor III expressed from the cloned DNA in Xenopus oocytes correspond most closely to those of the pharmacologically defined M2 glandular (III) subtype.
Assessment of the Accuracy of the Conconi Test in Determining Gas Analysis Anaerobic Threshold (2002)

The primary objective of this study was to assess the validity of the Conconi method of assessing anaerobic threshold (AT). Twenty-two competitive cyclists (11 men, 11 women) performed an incremental, maximal oxygen uptake (Vdot;o(2)max) test on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. AT was assessed by a nonlinear increase in the carbon dioxide to oxygen consumption ratio (V-slope method). AT was also measured by a computer-assessed break point in heart rate from linearity (Conconi method). Mean values for heart rate at AT were 157.3 and 163.3 b x min(-1) for the Conconi and V-slope methods, respectively. Although there was no significant difference (t = 1.07, p = 0.30) in the 2 methods, a rather low correlation coefficient (r = 0.458), high standard error of estimate (SEE = 10.7 b x min(-1)), and high total error (TE = 16.7 b x min(-1)) would preclude the use of the Conconi method as a practical tool for assessing AT.
Intensive care unit (1986)

The ICU has been considered a psychologically stressful environment. Although numerous studies have investigated this stress in ICU nurses, virtually none have examined how stressful the ICU is for physicians. This prospective study compares housestaff physicians' ratings of stress in the ICU to other medical-surgical rotations. The 26 physicians in this study rated the ICU significantly less negatively than other rotations. There was also a trend to rate the ICU more positively. Prolonged care of patients with multisystem failure and a poor prognosis was the most frequently described source of stress. Humor, communication, and activities outside the ICU were the most frequently noted coping techniques.
Secret Error-Correcting Codes (SECC) (1990)

As computer systems are expanding to many applications, the assurance of reliable and secure data communications has become an important issue. The conventional approach to achieving this purpose in very inefficient. Secret error-correcting codes (SECC) are designed to solve this problem in one enciphering process. In the SECC, only the authorized user can correct channel errors systematically. Therefore, the presence of channel errors would only increase the security of the system. A block SECC encryption scheme using nonlinear codes is proposed to realize this new concept. The SECC scheme given here can also be used to augment an already enciphered text, such as DES ciphertext, to obtain a stronger cipher as well as correction of channel errors.
Performance monitor for a relational information system (1976)

Although some relational information systems have recently become available for production use, very few, if any of them, contain facilities to collect performance data. This paper describes a method for implementing a performance monitor and some of the data collected by this performance monitor which was recently installed in the REGIS (RElational General Information System). REGIS is currently being used within General Motors. The performance monitor is used to collect data about the usefulness of the command language, performance improvements following major system upgrades and performance predictions based on past runs. While installing the performance monitor several system deficiencies were uncovered. Correction of the deficiencies has already improved performance by almost an order of magnitude. Future improvements are expected to improve performance by at least another order of magnitude.
Wide-Dynamic-Range WDM Optical Fiber Amplifiers for 32x10 Gb/s, SMF Transmission Systems (2006)

We have developed novel wide-dynamic-range WDM optical fiber amplifiers for 32 × 10 Gb/s, SMF transmission systems. The WDM optical amplifier realizes the per carrier ALC operation (7.3 ± 0.6 dBm) over a 7 dB input power range at 32 wavelength amplification.
Importance of vagus nerves in duodenal acid neutralization in anesthetized pigs (1997)

During the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion, vagally mediated synchronous stimulation of bicarbonate provides protection against the acid. The purpose of this study was to determine simultaneously the effect of electrical vagal stimulation (EVS) on pancreatic, hepatic, and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, thereby estimating their relative importance in vagally induced duodenal acid neutralization. Splanchnicotomy increased vagally induced pancreaticobiliary bicarbonate secretion, whereas duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion was unchanged. After splanchnicotomy, EVS (10 ms, 15 mA, 12 Hz) significantly increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion (0-4.17 mmol/h), hepatic bicarbonate secretion (0.16 to 0.22 mmol/h), and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (0.17 to 0.31 mmol/h). Pancreaticobiliary bicarbonate secretion was atropine resistant, whereas vagally induced duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion was diminished by atropine (2.0 mg/kg). After splanchnicotomy, EVS (10 ms, 15 mA, 12 Hz) had no effect on portal plasma concentration of secretin, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide was increased (14-29 pM). EVS at 12 Hz with varying duration (3 or 10 ms) and amplitude (3-50 mA) had no further effect on the bicarbonate secretion from the three organs. In addition, biliary [14C]mannitol clearance was shown not to be a reliable marker of canalicular bile secretion in pigs. These results suggest that in the anesthetized pig 1) vagal stimulation is only of minor importance to hepatic bicarbonate secretion; 2) vagal stimulation activates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion through both cholinergic muscarinic and noncholinergic transmission; and 3) vagal stimulation induces duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion mainly through cholinergic muscarinic transmission. In conclusion, these results suggest that only pancreatic and duodenal bicarbonate production play a role in vagally induced duodenal acid neutralization.
Gas separation by permeation Part II: Effect of permeate pressure drop and choice of permeate pressure (1978)

Abstract Calculation methods for determining pure gas permeabilities and gas separation performance of hollow fiber modules with significant permeate pressure drop inside the fiber are presented. A sequential optimization method for determining the near‐optimum permeate pressures in cascade operation is developed. It is shown that the performance of narrow hollow fiber modules can be significantly affected by the permeate pressure build‐up inside the narrow fiber. For a given module and given recovery there exists an optimum permeate outlet pressure which minimizes the membrane and permeate compression costs. Examples given relate to the recovery of helium from natural gas.
Prediction of creatinine clearance from plasma creatinine: comparison of five formulae. (1989)

1. Glomerular filtration rate is commonly assessed by measurement of endogenous creatinine clearance (CLcr). Several formulae have been described to calculate CLcr from plasma creatinine and we have evaluated the effectiveness of five formulae in 95 healthy subjects (17 F and 78 M, 20-25 years) and in 72 patients attending a renal clinic (48F and 24 M, 14-69 years). Endogenous CLcr was measured and the CLcr was also estimated by five formulae. 2. In healthy subjects CLcr calculated by the formulae of Cockcroft & Gault (1976) and Mawer et al. (1972) gave higher correlation coefficients than the other three formulae. 3. When all of the subjects with a wide range of CLcr (3.1-164) were considered all formulae gave good correlations, but the formula of Cockcroft & Gault (1976) gave the best estimate.
The I Domain of Integrin LFA-1 Interacts with ICAM-1 Domain 1 at Residue Glu-34 but Not Gln-73 (1998)

Using a solid phase assay, we show that isolated LFA-1 I domain binds ICAM-1 in a Mg2+-dependent manner and is blocked by anti-I domain monoclonal antibodies. This activity mirrors that of the intact receptor (Dransfield, I., Cabañas, C., Craig, A., and Hogg, N. (1992) J. Cell Biol. 116, 219-226) and suggests that the I domain controls divalent cation-dependent receptor function. In ICAM-1, domain 1 residues Glu-34 and Gln-73 have been identified as critical for binding of LFA-1 as an intact receptor (Staunton, D. E., Dustin, M. L., Erickson, H. P., and Springer, T. A. (1990) Cell 61, 243-254). For the first time, we show that isolated I domain binds to domain 1 of ICAM-1 and that this interaction is inhibited partially by mutation of Glu-34 but not by Gln-73. The anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody RR1/1, which maps to Gln-73 (Staunton, D. E., Dustin, M. L., Erickson, H. P., and Springer, T. A. (1990) Cell 61, 243-254), enhances I domain binding, suggesting potential allosteric control or coordinate binding by this region. Finally, I domain binding inhibited by Glu-34 ICAM-1 mutation correlates with divalent cation dependence, indicating that this residue might be in direct contact with the metal ion-dependent adhesion site. Thus, we describe the interaction between the LFA-1 I domain and ICAM-1, an event that controls the function of the intact receptor but includes only part of the complete ligand binding site.
Isomorphisms Between Petr Nets and Dataflow Graphs (1987)

Dataflow graphs are a generalized model of computation. Uninterpreted dataflow graphs with nondeterminism resolved via probabilities are shown to be isomorphic to a class of Petri nets known as free choice nets. Petri net analysis methods are readily available in the literature and this result makes those methods accessible to dataflow research. Nevertheless, combinatorial explosion can render Petri net analysis inoperative. Using a previously known technique for decomposing free choice nets into smaller components, it is demonstrated that, in principle, it is possible to determine aspects of the overall behavior from the particular behavior of components.
A novel feedforward loop implementation for the half-bridge complementary-control converter (2002)

The small-signal study of the half-bridge complementary-control converter (HBCC) shows a double pole-zero effect similar to the interaction between an input filter and a switching regulator. This paper shows a novel feedforward technique applied to the HBCC in order to mitigate the double pole-zero effect. Experimental results are presented which show excellent correlation with theory.
Induction of Exocrine Pancreas Maturation at Weaning in Young Developing Pigs (1993)

The influence of weaning, at either 4 or 6 weeks of age, on the maturation of the exocrine pancreas was studied in naturally reared Swedish Landrace pigs that had no access to solid food. The pigs were surgically fitted with chronic catheters at 3 weeks of age, permitting periodic sampling of pancreatic juice and blood in conscious animals < or = 4 weeks after weaning. During the suckling period, pancreatic fluid and enzyme secretion remained low, both before (preprandial) and after (postprandial) milk ingestion. After weaning at 4 or 6 weeks of age, juice secretion, output of total protein, and levels of different hydrolases (amylase, trypsin, lipase, and carboxylester lipase) and the cofactor colipase all increased markedly postprandially. Moreover, after weaning, the plasma insulin level increased postprandially. This did not happen before weaning, although blood glucose levels always rose after feeding. The data showed a relationship between the time of weaning and the induction of exocrine pancreatic maturation in pigs. This finding implies that postnatal development of pancreatic function is triggered by the dietary change from sow milk to dry solid food. In contrast, the age of the pig appears to be of minor importance, since weaning at either 4 or 6 weeks of age gave a similar result.
Automatic Keyphrase Extraction via Topic Decomposition (2010)

Existing graph-based ranking methods for keyphrase extraction compute a single impor-tance score for each word via a single ran-dom walk. Motivated by the fact that both documents and words can be represented by a mixture of semantic topics, we propose to decompose traditional random walk into mul-tiple random walks specific to various topics. We thus build a Topical PageRank (TPR) on word graph to measure word importance with respect to different topics. After that, given the topic distribution of the document, we fur-ther calculate the ranking scores of words and extract the top ranked ones as keyphrases. Ex-perimental results show that TPR outperforms state-of-the-art keyphrase extraction methods on two datasets under various evaluation met-rics. 1
Stimulation of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Protease by Antichaeotrophic Salts (1995)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 protease is expressed as an 80,000-dalton polypeptide, encoded within the 635-amino acid open reading frame of the UL26 gene. The two known protein substrates for this enzyme are the protease itself and the capsid assembly protein ICP35 (Liu, F., and Roizman, B. (1991) J. Virol. 65, 5149-5156). In this report we describe the use of a rapid and quantitative assay for characterizing the protease. The assay uses a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the COOH-terminal cleavage site of ICP35 as the substrate (GST-56). The protease consists of N0, the NH2-terminal 247 amino acid catalytic domain of the UL26 gene product, also expressed as a GST fusion protein. Upon cleavage with N0, a single 25-mer peptide is released from GST-56, which is soluble in trichloroacetic acid. Using this assay, the protease displayed a pH optimum between 7 and 9 but most importantly had an absolute requirement for high concentrations of an antichaeotrophic agent. Strong salting out salts such as Na2SO4 and KPO4 (> or = 1 M) stimulated activity, whereas NaCl and KCl had no effect. The degree of stimulation by 1.25 M Na2SO4 and KPO4 were 100-150- and 200-300-fold, respectively. Using the fluorescent probe 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate, the protease was shown to bind the dye in the presence of 1.25 M Na2SO4 or KPO4, but not at low ionic strength or in the presence of 1.25 or 2.2 M NaCl. This binding was most likely at the protease active site because a high affinity cleavage site peptide, but not a control peptide, could displace the dye. In addition to cleaving GST-56, the herpes simplex virus type I protease also cleaved the purified 56-mer peptide. Circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy showed the peptide to be primarily random coil under physiological conditions, suggesting that antichaeotrophic agents affect the conformation of the substrate as well as the protease.