gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
University—Industry Strategic Partnerships (1997)

Significant motivations are prevalent in the USA for strategic partnering between industrial companies and research universities. In addition to the obvious element of collaborative research activity, consideration should be given to including in this strategic alliance the placement of engineering graduates in career positions with the industrial partner as well as the opportunity for participation in the university's continuing engineering education and cooperative work-study programmes. The important mutual benefits that accrue to the partners in such alliances are reviewed in this paper. The impediments to establishing these partnerships that result from the different cultures are presented together with a possible means of overcoming these hurdles through the use of a master research agreement.
The p53-Binding Protein 53BP2 Also Interacts with Bcl2 and Impedes Cell Cycle Progression at G <sub>2</sub> /M (1996)

Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have isolated a cDNA (designated BBP, for Bcl2-binding protein) for a protein (Bbp) that interacts with Bcl2. Bbp is identical to 53BP2, a partial clone of which was previously isolated in a two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with p53. In this study, we show that specific interactions of Bbp/53BP2 with either Bcl2 or p53 require its ankyrin repeats and SH3 domain. These interactions can be reproduced in vitro with bacterially expressed fusion proteins, and competition experiments indicate that Bcl2 prevents p53 from binding to Bbp/53BP2. BBP/53BP2 mRNA is abundant in most cell lines examined, but the protein cannot be stably expressed in a variety of cell types by transfection. In transiently transfected cells, Bbp partially colocalizes with Bcl2 in the cytoplasm and results in an increased number of cells at G2/M, possibly accounting for the inability to obtain stable transfectants expressing the protein. These results demonstrate that a single protein can interact with either Bcl2 or p53 both in yeast cells and in vitro. The in vivo significance of these interactions and their potential consequences for cell cycle progression and cell death remain to be determined.
A rationalized error back-propagation learning algorithm (1989)

A method is proposed for learning in multilayer perceptrons. It includes self-adapting features that make it suited to deal with a variety of problems without the need for parameter readjustments. The validity of the approach is benchmarked for two types of problems. The first benchmark is performed for the topologically complex parity problem. The number of binary inputs range from, 2 (simplest Exclusive OR problem) to 7 (much more complex problem). The statistically averaged learning times obtained, which are reduced by two to three orders of magnitude, are compared with the best possible results obtained by conventional error backpropagation (EBP). The second problem type occurs when a high accuracy in separating example classes is needed. This corresponds to instances where different output sign patterns of the MLP are requested for slightly different input variables. When the minimum Euclidean distance epsilon between the classes to be separated decreases, the best learning times obtained with conventional EBP increase roughly as I/ epsilon /sup 2/. The present algorithm yields substantially shorter learning times that behave like log (1/ epsilon ).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<scp>l</scp>-Cysteine Desulfidase:  An [4Fe-4S] Enzyme Isolated from <i>Methanocaldococcus jannaschii </i>That Catalyzes the Breakdown of <scp>l</scp>-Cysteine into Pyruvate, Ammonia, and Sulfide (2005)

A [4Fe-4S] enzyme that decomposes L-cysteine to hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and pyruvate has been isolated and characterized from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. The sequence of the isolated enzyme demonstrated that the protein was the product of the M. jannaschii MJ1025 gene. The protein product of this gene was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Both the isolated and recombinant enzymes are devoid of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and are rapidly inactivated upon exposure to air. The air-inactivated enzyme is activated by reaction with Fe2+ and dithiothreitol in the absence of air. The air-inactivated enzyme contains 3 mol of iron per subunit (43 kDa, SDS gel electrophoresis), and the native enzyme has a measured molecular mass of 135 kDa (gel filtration), indicating it is a trimer. The enzyme is very specific for L-cysteine, with no activity being detected with D-cysteine, L-homocysteine, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (cysteine without the amino group), cysteamine (cysteine without the carboxylic acid), or mercaptolactate (the hydroxyl analogue of cysteine). The activity of the enzyme was stimulated by 40% when the enzyme was assayed in the presence of methyl viologen (4 mM) and inhibited by 70% when the enzyme was assayed in the presence of EDTA (7.1 mM). Preincubation of the enzyme with iodoacetamide (17 mM) completely abolishes activity. The enzymatic activity has a half-life of 8 or 12 min when the enzyme is treated at room temperature with 0.42 mM N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or 0.42 mM iodoacetamide, respectively. MALDI analysis of the NEM-inactivated enzyme showed Cys25 as the site of alkylation. Site-directed mutagenesis of each of four of the cysteines conserved in the orthologues of the enzyme reduced the catalytic efficiency and thermal stability of the enzyme. The enzyme was found to catalyze exchange of the C-2 hydrogen of the L-cysteine with solvent. These results are consistent with three of the conserved cysteines being involved in the formation of the [4Fe-4S] center and the thiolate of Cys25 serving as a base to abstract the alpha-hydrogen in the first step of the elimination. Although the enzyme has no sequence homology to any known enzymes, including the non-PLP-dependent serine/threonine dehydratases or aconitases, the mechanisms of action of all of these enzymes are similar, in that each catalyzes an alpha,beta-elimination reaction adjacent to a carboxylate group. It is proposed that the enzyme may be responsible for the production of sulfide required for the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur centers in this archaea. A mechanism of action of the enzyme is proposed.
Thermal transport in phase-change materials from atomistic simulations (2012)

We computed the thermal conductivity ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$) of amorphous GeTe by means of classical molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics simulations. GeTe is a phase change material of interest for applications in nonvolatile memories. An interatomic potential with close-to-ab initio accuracy was used as generated by fitting a huge ab initio database with a neural network method. It turns out that the majority of heat carriers are nonpropagating vibrations (diffusons), the small percentage of propagating modes giving a negligible contribution to the total value of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. This result is in contrast with the properties of other amorphous semiconductors such as Si for which nonpropagating and propagating vibrations account for about one half of the value of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ each. This outcome suggests that the value of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ measured for the bulk amorphous phase can be used to model the thermal transport of GeTe and possibly of other materials in the same class also in nanoscaled memory devices. Actually, the contribution from propagating modes, which may endure ballistic transport at the scale of 10--20 nm, is negligible.
Physics-based classification of acoustic emission waveforms (2011)

The classification of acoustic emission source mechanisms based on features related to the physics of acoustic emission signal generation is considered in this paper. Numerically generated acoustic emission waveforms are used for this purpose. Conventional acoustic emission parameters such as rise-time, duration, and frequency content do not effectively characterize acoustic emission waveforms for the purpose of identifying the source mechanisms. Features unique to the different source mechanisms and relative positions of the sensor with respect to the source were identified and extracted from numerically obtained acoustic emission waveforms. This feature selection appears to be successful in capturing the differences related to the source mechanisms considered here. Correlation coefficients of the 45 features with different waveforms were first obtained, and their principal components determined. The dominant principle components were found to adequately characterize the waveforms and relate them to their source mechanisms. Better than 90 percent success was seen when only the first two principle components were employed, even in noisy signals considered here.
New approaches for scatterometry-based metrology for critical distance and overlay measurement and process control (2011)

mmunication between lithography and metrology is becoming increasingly demanding in advanced nodes. This is where the requirements for metrology become extremely tight. This work is dedicated to the search for "clean" metrology that is required to address these requirements. Metrology measurements are obtained via an angle-resolved scatterometry-based platform (called YieldStar). Details of the technology behind YieldStar were thoroughly discussed by Vanoppen et al. in 2010. In this current work, measurement limits are challenged to test resolution and measurement uncertainty for overlay, critical dimension (CD), and sidewall angle (focus). Results indicate an atomic-scale performance of deep subnanometers. Two different sizes of scatterometry-based overlay targets are evaluated and compared using a technique called the similarity index. A CD reconstruction model is tested for cross talk of underlying thin-film layers, specifically the case where one of the underlying layers is anisotropic. A systematic approach is taken to increase the complexity of a CD reconstruction model in steps to evaluate the capability of handling birefringence effects of anisotropic material in the model. CD metrology data (1-D and 2-D/hole layers) are compared to CD scanning electron microscope data. Focus measurements are also extended for product wafers, and focus precision is evaluated. In addition, CD metrology monitor wafer applications, such as hotplate monitoring and overlay metrology monitor wafer application for scanner stability and matched machine overlay, are tested.
Ensuring Fault Tolerance of Phase-Locked Clocks (1985)

Processors within a real-time multiprocessor system must be synchronized with as little overhead as possible. Although synchronization can be achieved via both software (e.g., interactive convergence and interactive consistency algorithms) and hardware (e.g., multistage synchronizers and phase-locked clocks), phase-locked clocks are most attractive due to their small overheads.
Carcerand interiors provide a new phase of matter (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarcerand interiors provide a new phase of matterJohn C. Sherman and Donald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 12, 4527–4528Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00194a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views887Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Odanacatib, a cathepsin-K inhibitor for osteoporosis: A two-year study in postmenopausal women with low bone density (2009)

Cathepsin K, a cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts, degrades type 1 collagen. Odanacatib selectively and reversibly inhibited cathepsin K and rapidly decreased bone resorption in preclinical and phase I studies. A 1-year dose-finding trial with a 1-year extension on the same treatment assignment was performed in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly doses of placebo or 3, 10, 25, or 50 mg of odanacatib on BMD and biomarkers of skeletal remodeling. Women with BMD T-scores of -2.0 or less but not less than -3.5 at the lumbar spine or femoral sites were randomly assigned to receive placebo or one of four doses of odanacatib; all received vitamin D with calcium supplementation as needed. The primary endpoint was percentage change from baseline lumbar spine BMD. Other endpoints included percentage change in BMD at hip and forearm sites, as well as changes in biomarkers of skeletal remodeling. Twenty-four months of treatment produced progressive dose-related increases in BMD. With the 50-mg dose of odanacatib, lumbar spine and total-hip BMD increased 5.5% and 3.2%, respectively, whereas BMD at these sites was essentially unchanged with placebo (-0.2% and -0.9%). Biochemical markers of bone turnover exhibited dose-related changes. The safety and tolerability of odanacatib generally were similar to those of placebo, with no dose-related trends in any adverse experiences. In summary, 2 years of weekly odanacatib treatment was generally well-tolerated and increased lumbar spine and total-hip BMD in a dose-related manner in postmenopausal women with low BMD.
miR-100 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition but Suppresses Tumorigenesis, Migration and Invasion (2014)

Whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is always linked to increased tumorigenicity is controversial. Through microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of mammary epithelial cells overexpressing Twist, Snail or ZEB1, we identified miR-100 as a novel EMT inducer. Surprisingly, miR-100 inhibits the tumorigenicity, motility and invasiveness of mammary tumor cells, and is commonly downregulated in human breast cancer due to hypermethylation of its host gene MIR100HG. The EMT-inducing and tumor-suppressing effects of miR-100 are mediated by distinct targets. While miR-100 downregulates E-cadherin by targeting SMARCA5, a regulator of CDH1 promoter methylation, this miRNA suppresses tumorigenesis, cell movement and invasion in vitro and in vivo through direct targeting of HOXA1, a gene that is both oncogenic and pro-invasive, leading to repression of multiple HOXA1 downstream targets involved in oncogenesis and invasiveness. These findings provide a proof-of-principle that EMT and tumorigenicity are not always associated and that certain EMT inducers can inhibit tumorigenesis, migration and invasion.
Common Rail System (CR-System) for Passenger Car DI Diesel Engines; Experiences with Applications for Series Production Projects (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Bosch introduced the Common Rail Injection System for passenger car DI-Diesel engines in June 1997 for series production. Bosch is currently working on a fairly high number of follow-up projects with customers around the world.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The major differences of Common Rail System compared to standard Diesel injection equipment are the free choice of the injection pressure and timing as well as the benefit of the now available pilot injection at almost all operating points.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of the CR-System is to reduce the combustion noise significantly, and to improve the torque curve, especially in the lower engine speed range. Simultaneously, the emissions must be kept in the first step within the limits posted by the European legislation for the year 2000.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents combustion related application experience as well as the advantages to the customer in terms of torque, power, fuel economy and noise. The effects of EGR on the timing and quantity of the pilot injection with respect to combustion noise and smoke is presented. Also included are the Common Rail System-specific demands on the nozzle as a crucial component of the system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is believed that the emission results achieved and the possibility of meeting even stricter emission standards shows the potential of the Common Rail System.</div>
H E Wilson (Gunner) (1918)

Gunner H E Wilson, winner of athletic events at Etaples during World War I. Photograph taken in France in 1918 by Henry Armytage Sanders. 
Original photograph held in World War Official H Series album - Pa1-f-89, page 20 
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom centre - H846 
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
A (2011)

This chapter contains all entries for A: Africa, Orthodoxy in to Automelon see Idiomelon
Motions of anisotropic particles: Application to visualization of three-dimensional flows (1998)

The aim of the paper is to get insight into flow patterns visualized by suspended anisotropic reflective particles. The motion of triaxial ellipsoids embedded in a three-dimensional flow, i.e., which cannot be reduced to a local plane Couette flow, is calculated. Both the asymptotic trajectory and the transient time to reach it are discussed. These results are used to simulate laser sheet visualizations of two classical three-dimensional flows (Taylor–Couette vortices and flow between rotating disks) where the particle history is shown to be negligible. The simulated visualizations are well compared to experimental ones but the paper addresses the fact that the legitimate question of what shows the visualization does not have a simple answer. Nevertheless, these results open the way for quantitative comparisons between computational fluid dynamics and experimental visualizations.
Instantaneous feedback control of a single-phase PWM inverter with nonlinear loads by sine wave tracking (2003)

The authors propose a novel method for the instantaneous digital control of a PWM (pulse-width modulated) inverter used in an uninterruptible power supply. The output voltage is compared to a sinusoidal reference at each sampling instant to compute in real time through a digital controller the pulse width of the same interval. The closed-loop digital feedback eliminates the steady-state error of the output voltage with a very short computation time. This strategy is verified through computer simulations and provides a very fast compensation of disturbances caused by nonlinear loads, such as rectifiers and triac loads, with low total harmonic distortion and fundamental control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segregation of B and T Cell Epitopes of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> Repeat Protein K to Variable and Conserved Regions During Experimental Syphilis Infection (2002)

Robust immune responses clear millions of treponemes to resolve lesions of primary and secondary syphilis, but cannot clear the treponemes that lead to debilitating and sometimes fatal tertiary syphilis. It is also known that the rabbit model and humans can be reinfected with heterologous isolates. How some treponemes are able to escape the immune system is unknown. In our laboratories rabbits immunized with the Seattle Nichols strain Treponema pallidum repeat protein K (TprK) were previously shown to have attenuated lesion development following challenge. In other isolates, TprK was shown to have seven discrete variable regions, with sequence variation among and within isolates. Using overlapping synthetic 20-aa peptides, we demonstrate that during experimental infection with the Nichols strain, the T cell responses are directed to conserved regions, while the Ab responses are directed primarily to variable regions. Abs from rabbits immunized with recombinant TprK recognized conserved and variable regions, suggesting that the conserved regions are inherently as immunogenic as the variable regions. TprK variability may allow some treponemes to escape recognition from Abs. The variable region heterogeneity may help explain the lack of protection against heterologous isolates.
New Colors Bring the Rainbow And More to Crayola's Palette (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew Colors Bring the Rainbow And More to Crayola's PaletteEver-varying mixtures of pigments, paraffin, and stearic acid have meant new products for that staple of all school children—the Crayola crayonSTEPHEN J. STINSONView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 6, 19–21Publication Date (Print):February 11, 1991Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 11 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n006.p019https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n006.p019newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Color Get e-Alerts