gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Merits of Various Antipacemaker Circus Movement Tachycardia Features (1986)

Pacemaker circus movement tachycardia (PCMT) was a significant problem in first generations of DDD pacemakers. Programmability of the atrial refractory period proved to be an effective tool to prevent PCMT except in patients with very long ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction intervals, because a long atrial refractory period severely limits the maximum tracking rate. In these patients, extension of the atrial refractory period after a VPB, bipolar atrial sensing, adaptation of atrial refractory period to atrial rate, and VPB synchronous atrial stimulation helped limit the incidence of PCMT. Rate smoothing and fallback behavior have given rise to other forms of PCMT. Once initiated, PCMT can be terminated by a single P wave or by means of an appropriately timed atrial stimulus. Recognition by means of continued upper rate pacing may not be helpful in patients with a long V-A conduction interval because their PCMT rate will be low, thus requiring a low upper rate to trigger. Therefore, absolute prevention of PCMT has not yet been achieved, but PCMT is no longer a significant problem in DDD pacing; recognition of PCMT should not be related to the ventricular upper rate limit.
Direct nanoimprinting of metal oxides by in situ thermal co-polymerization of their methacrylates (2011)

The use of polymerization to solidify, strengthen and imprint liquid organic materials is the basis of ultraviolet (UV) nanoimprint lithography. In spite of these advantages, the use of polymerization to pattern materials in thermal nanoimprint lithography is almost non-existent. In this study, we demonstrate a facile and general method to directly imprint a host of unary metal oxides (Fe2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, Nb2O5 and Ta2O5) at a very high resolution viain situ thermal free radical co-polymerization of various metal methacrylates in the presence of cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using a silicon mold. Polymerization during nanoimprinting rigidly shapes the patterns, traps the metal atoms, reduces the surface energy and strengthens the structures, thereby giving ∼100% yield after demolding. It was found that the higher oxidation state of metal resulted in excessive cracking of imprinted structures. This could be due to a higher degree of cross-linking of the precursor leading to shrinkage-related stress. Optimization of the resin composition by partially replacing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with methyl methacrylate alleviated this problem. Heat-treatment of the imprinted structures resulted in the loss of organics, their subsequent shrinkage and converted the patterns to their corresponding metal oxides with line-widths as small as 25 nm.
The Effect of Gas‐Phase Additives  C 2 H 4 ,  C 2 H 6, and  C 2 H 2 on SiH4 /  O 2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

The effects of adding and on the chemical vapor deposition of from were studied using a hot‐wall tubular reactor operated at a temperature of 873 K. Without additives, rough films with poor step coverage were obtained. Adding resulted in clear films with good step coverage. However, adding did not improve the quality of the film or the step coverage. Numerical simulations of the gas‐phase elementary reaction kinetics of the reaction system were made for the same conditions as the experiments. The simulations show rapid conversion (i.e., within 0.006s) of into , resulting in high concentrations of , which might form clusters that deposit to form rough films. Numerical simulations, including , and , showed that and reduced the gas‐phase reaction rate and that did not affect it. These numerical results agree with our experimental results and show that simulations of gas‐phase, elementary chemical reactions are sufficiently accurate to reproduce the behavior of some aspects of CVD processes.
Surface Functionalization of Silicon Nanoparticles Produced by Laser-Driven Pyrolysis of Silane followed by HF−HNO<sub>3</sub> Etching (2004)

CO2 laser induced pyrolysis of silane was used to produce silicon nanoparticles with an average diameter as small as 5 nm at high rates (up to 200 mg/h). Etching these particles with a mixture of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3) reduces their size and passivates their surface such that they exhibit bright visible photoluminescence (PL). This paper describes the attachment of organic molecules to hydrogen-terminated and hydroxyl-terminated surfaces of these nanoparticles. Stable particle dispersions in various solvents were obtained by treatment of hydrogen-terminated surfaces with octadecene or undecylenic acid and by treatment of hydroxyl-terminated surfaces with octadecyltrimethoxysilane. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the surface-functionalized particles were well dispersed and crystalline. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the expected reactions of the organic molecules with the particle surfaces. Photoluminescence measurements showed that surface treatment significantly stabilized the PL properties of the nanoparticles against degradation. Size selective precipitation was applied to particle dispersions and allowed some narrowing and tuning of the PL spectrum.
An experiment using an object-oriented standard-IEC 61850 to integrate IEDs systems in substations (2005)

The integration of microprocessed equipment from different manufacturers has been a difficulty in the automation of power substations, considering that the development of protocol converters is a demanding task, with questionable and costly results for the utilities. Even with the adoption of protocols that were particularly developed for the electric power sector, such as the IEC 60870-5 and the DNP, failed to solve all problems, as it only facilitates the communication between equipments, and a considerable engineering effort still must be made in the integration of such data. In response to such needs, the EPRI issued a set of recommendation standards that is now known as UCA. The IEC organization is working on the integration of UCA protocols, models and services for substations by means of the IEC 61850 standard. This article introduces the use of such protocol in substation automation from the user's viewpoint, analyzing the needed requirements to implement and integrate equipments using the IEC 61850 standard.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: Has the disease outgrown its name? (2006)

Nothing is more disappointing for patients than when a promising new treatment hits a roadblock because of unexpected side effects. This is what happened when natalizumab (Tysabri) was associated with a few cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease patients, caused by the reactivation of the polyomavirus JC. These dramatic events drew PML squarely into the spotlight and generated considerable interest from the medical community, the pharmaceutical industry, financial markets, and regulatory agencies alike. This scrutiny, in turn, helped crystallize areas of consensus and expose gaps in our understanding of PML pathogenesis. Indeed, since its initial description, there has been a considerable evolution in both the epidemiology and clinical presentations of this disease, and new manifestations of central nervous system infection by polyomavirus JC have been characterized. To keep pace with this opportunistic pathogen, we are therefore forced to reexamine the foundations of our knowledge of virus-host interactions, reappraise our investigational approaches, and in short, rethink PML down to its very name. Hopefully, this crisis will be instrumental in helping us define novel avenues of research, develop predictive tests for PML in populations at risk, and challenge us to find a treatment for this deadly disease.
Anti-Angiogenic Activity of a Small Molecule STAT3 Inhibitor LLL12 (2012)

These findings provide the first evidence that LLL12 effectively inhibits tumor angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
Chemically induced synaptic activity between mixed primary hippocampal co-cultures in a microfluidic system (2014)

Primary neuronal cultures are an invaluable in vitro tool for examining the fundamental physiological changes that occur in diseases of the central nervous system. In this work, we have used a microfluidic device to grow twin cultures of primary hippocampal neuronal/glia cells which are synaptically connected but environmentally isolated. Immunocytochemical staining, for β-III-Tubulin and synaptophysin, indicated that the two neuronal populations were physically connected and that synapses were present. By dispensing predefined volumes of fluids into the device inlets, one culture was chemically stimulated and the consequent increase in neuronal activity in the opposing culture was monitored using calcium imaging. To optimise the experimental procedures, we validated a numerical model that estimates the concentration distribution of substances under dynamic fluidic conditions, proposing that no cross contamination of chemical stimuli occurred during the experiments. Calcium imaging and local chemical stimulation were used to confirm synaptic connectivity between the cultures. Chemical stimulation of one population, using KCl or glutamate, resulted in a significant increase of calcium events in both neurons and astrocytes of the connected population. The integration of the system and techniques described here presents a novel methodology for probing the functional synaptic connectivity between mixed primary hippocampal co-cultures, creating an in vitro testing platform for the high-throughput investigation of synaptic activity modulation either by novel compounds or in in vitro disease models.
Context-Sensitive Decision Forests for Object Detection (2012)

In this paper we introduce Context-Sensitive Decision Forests - A new perspective to exploit contextual information in the popular decision forest framework for the object detection problem. They are tree-structured classifiers with the ability to access intermediate prediction (here: classification and regression) information during training and inference time. This intermediate prediction is available for each sample and allows us to develop context-based decision criteria, used for refining the prediction process. In addition, we introduce a novel split criterion which in combination with a priority based way of constructing the trees, allows more accurate regression mode selection and hence improves the current context information. In our experiments, we demonstrate improved results for the task of pedestrian detection on the challenging TUD data set when compared to state-of-the-art methods.
<title>Pupil functions for aberration correction in 3D microscopy</title> (1995)

When a confocal fluorescence microscope with a high numerical aperture oil immersion objective is focused deep into an aqueous medium, aberrations result which weaken and blur the observed image. We have designed, fabricated and tested a two-level binary phase mask which partially corrects these aberrations, improving image brightness and resolution. A four- level mask was also designed, fabricated and tested with further brightness and resolution improvement. The mask designs and simulated and measured results are presented in this paper.
Synthesis of 5,6‐dihydro‐4<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[1, 2‐<i>a</i>] [1,4]benzodiazepines (1979)

Abstract The title compounds are. Prepared by the reaction of carbonyl compounds with 1‐(2′‐amino‐methylphenyl)pyrrole hydrochloride.
Heterogeneity of tbpB, the transferrin-binding protein B gene, among serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis strains of the ET-5 complex (1997)

ET-5 complex strains of Neisseria meningitidis were traced intercontinentally and have been causing hyperendemic meningitis on a worldwide scale. In an attempt to develop a fully broad cross-reactive transferrin-binding protein B (TbpB)-based vaccine, we undertook to assess the extent of variability of TbpB proteins among strains of this epidemiological complex. For this purpose, a PCR-based method was developed to study the heterogeneity of the tbpB genes from 31 serogroup B N. meningitidis strains belonging to the ET-5 complex. To define adequate primers, the tbpB gene from an ET-5 complex strain, 8680 (B:15:P1.3; isolated in Chile in 1987), was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined and compared to two other previously published tbpB sequences. A tbpB fragment was amplified from genomic DNA from each of the 31 strains. By this method, heterogeneity in size was observed and further characterized by restriction pattern analysis with four restriction enzymes and by sequencing tbpB genes from three other ET-5 complex strains. Four distinct tbpB gene types were identified. Fifty-five percent of the strains studied (17/31) harbored tbpB genes similar to that of strain BZ83 (B:15:-) isolated in The Netherlands in 1984. Ten of the 31 strains (32.2%) had tbpB genes close to that of strain M982. Only 3 of the 31 (9.6%) were found to harbor tbpB genes close to that of strain 8680, and finally one strain, 8710 (B:15:P1.3; isolated in Chile in 1987), was found to harbor a tbpB gene different from all the others. These results demonstrated a pronounced variability among tbpB alleles within a limited number of ET-5 complex strains collected over a 19-year period. Despite the genetic heterogeneity observed, specific antisera raised to purified Tbps from ET-5 complex strains showed broad cross-reactivity between different TbpBs both by Western blot analysis and bactericidal assay, confirming that a limited number of TbpB molecules included in a vaccine are likely to induce broadly cross-reactive antibodies against the different strains.
THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, DIABETES MELLITUS AND DEPRESSION IN MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION (2004)

Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and depression were prevalent in patients with ED. This evidence supported the proposition that ED shares common risk factors with these 4 concurrent conditions. Therefore, as a pathophysiological event, ED could be viewed as a potential observable marker for these concurrent diseases. This finding suggests that clinicians could include ED in the assessment profile of these concurrent conditions for earlier detection and treatment.
ROAD PERFORMANCE AFTER FIVE YEARS AND LABORATORY PREDICTIONS OF LOW TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE (1974)

Low temperature associated transverse cracking of asphalt pavements is a widespread problem in Canada, and the northern United States. To examine the influence of different materials and road designs on this low temperature cracking, the Manitoba department of highways in cooperation with shell Canada limited, built the ste. Anne test road in 1967. Various aspects of road design, road performance and of a preliminary laboratory investigation have been published previously. An extensive laboratory investigation of asphalts and road aged mixes was undertaken to confirm the influence of asphalt mix properties (in particular, mix stiffness) on thermally induced transverse cracking, and to determine the influence of different asphalt binders on these properties. The present report reviews the relationship between the laboratory and road observations over a five year period. /TRRL/
Aging in wire insulation under multifactor stress (1993)

A fundamentally based chemical-thermodynamic multifactor stress aging functional relation requiring experimentally based constants is developed. The specific example presented is that of 120-V aromatic-polyimide-insulated wire. The stresses of water, temperature, and mechanical strain are included and electrical stress is considered. The results for over 2000 specimens are fitted to the theoretical trends. For a single independent variable function, the resulting relation reduces to the classical Arrhenius curve. The three independent variable relations presented here are applied to data from laboratory aging experiments that simulate insulation deterioration occurring in actual aircraft service. The results used in age categorization of US Navy aircraft are taken from wire specimens taken from active aircraft. The paradigm does not use ab initio based constants because of uncertainties in the theoretical development, two forms of which are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single‐Electron Steps (2009)

Electron by electron: Beta-diketiminato nickel(I) complex fragments are capable of activating N(2) through coordination. The resulting complex can be reduced in two single-electron steps, which further activates the N-N bond. The picture shows the structure of the singly reduced complex with mu-eta(1):eta(1)-bound N(2).
Polymorphisms within the canine MLPH gene are associated with dilute coat color in dogs (2005)

This study provides evidence that coat color dilution is caused by one or more mutations within or near the MLPH gene in several dog breeds. The data on polymorphisms that are strongly associated with the dilute phenotype will allow the genetic testing of Pinschers to facilitate the breeding of dogs with defined coat colors and to select against Large Munsterlanders carrying BHFD.
A flexible robotic gripper for automation of assembly tasks: A technology study on a gripper for operation in shared human environments (2011)

This paper introduces a new gripper concept that is a cornerstone of an investigation how to close the gap between manual assembly and a fully automatic assembly. The proposed gripper is required to handle a wide range of parts that are today assembled manually. The solution needs to be easy to adapt to meet new product variant requirements for low batch production. The solution further aims to achieve a harmless gripping device to operate in shared human environments. To date, prototypes have been built to validate their functionality, and recently completed lifetime tests on key sub-systems have demonstrated their robustness. A number of third generation prototypes have been built and are currently used in pilot application testing. We expect important learnings from applying the prototypes in a production environment.
Cutting and packing : problems, models and exact algorithms (2005)

Different integer programming models and exact algorithms for hard cutting and packing problems are addressed.We consider in particular the combinatorial problems of this family that are defined over a single dimension.The optimization procedures rely on tools from the field of integer programming, namely column generation, cutting planes and branch-and-bound.Integrating the three into the same algorithm is not straightforward, and has been used with some success only recently.The combined method is known as branch-and-price-and-cut.It requires a great part of customization, which is directly related to the specific problem that is being tackled.We consider three variants of the standard one-dimensional Cutting Stock Problem, and its packing counterpart, the Bin-Packing Problem.We study the case for which ResumoNesta tese, so apresentados diferentes modelos de programao inteira e algoritmos de resoluo exacta para problemas difceis de corte e empacotamento.Consideramos em particular os problemas combinatrios dessa famlia numa nica dimenso.Os algoritmos de optimizao que exploramos assentam em mtodos do domnio da programao inteira, nomeadamente a gerao de colunas, planos de corte e o mtodo de partio e avaliao sucessivas.Integrar esses trs mtodos no mesmo algoritmo no um exerccio directo.Na realidade, isso foi conseguido s muito recentemente.O algoritmo resultante designado de partio, gerao de colunas e corte
Discussion (1981)

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Simple, phage-based (FASTPplaque) technology to determine rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum. (2004)

FASTPlaque technology applied directly to smear-positive sputum offers performance comparable to conventional methods, with results available in 2 days instead of weeks to months. The test may form a useful part of DOTS-Plus programmes to combat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, improving patient prognosis and reducing ongoing transmission of disease. It does not require specialised equipment, making it appropriate for high-burden countries.
A low-harmonic electric drive system based on current-source inverter (1998)

This paper presents a new electric drive system topology, which is based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) current-source inverter (CSI). It is aimed at reducing the current harmonics drawn from paper mill distribution systems and the electric utility. Additionally, the voltage harmonics feeding into the electric motors are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the voltage rise rate of the PWM-CSI drives is low compared to the currently dominant PWM voltage-source inverter (VSI)-based drive systems. This paper also presents a proposal to modify the current paper machine drive systems, in order to achieve an overall low harmonic level. The new topology is verified by computer simulations. The problems of the new drive system are also described.
Postembedding staining of Brunner's gland with lectin-ferritin conjugates. (1981)

Postembedding staining of intracellular carbohydrates of rat Brunner's gland cells embedded in Epon and acrylamide was carried out with Ricinus communis agglutinin-ferritin, concanavalin A-ferritin, and wheat germ agglutinin-ferritin conjugates. Th Golgi vacuoles and mucous granules were stained with these conjugates. In each staining, the tissues embedded in acrylamide were stained more strongly than those embedded in Epon. The staining intensity of wheat germ agglutinin-ferritin was the strongest among the three conjugates and the staining intensity of Ricinus communis agglutinin-ferritin was stronger than that of concanavalin A-ferritin in both embedding methods. Free ferritin showed almost no binding to these structures and staining with the conjugates was inhibited by the addition of appropriate competitive sugars to the staining solutions. Osmium-postfixed tissues were not stained well with the conjugates. Washing of the sections with bovine serum albumin solution after staining was an essential step in the present method to reduce the nonspecific adsorption of the conjugates. The present method was very simple and had good reproducibility.
Single-layer graphene-assembled 3D porous carbon composites with PVA and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nano-fillers: an interface-mediated superior dielectric and EMI shielding performance (2015)

In this study, a novel composite of Fe3O4 nanofiller-decorated single-layer graphene-assembled porous carbon (SLGAPC) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having flexibility and a density of 0.75 g cm(-3) is explored for its dielectric and electromagnetic interference (EMI) response properties. The composite is prepared by the solution casting method and its constituents are optimized as 15 wt% SLGAPC and 20 wt% Fe3O4 through a novel solvent relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance experiment. The PVA-SLGAPC-Fe3O4 composite shows high dielectric permittivity in the range of 1 Hz-10 MHz, enhanced by a factor of 4 as compared to that of the PVA-SLGAPC composite, with a reduced loss by a factor of 2. The temperature dependent dielectric properties reveal the activation energy behaviour with reference to the glass transition temperature (80 °C) of PVA. The dielectric hysteresis with the temperature cycle reveals a remnant polarization. The enhanced dielectric properties are suggested to be the result of improvement in the localized polarization of the integrated interface system (Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization) formed by the uniform adsorption of Fe3O4 on the surface of SLGAPC conjugated with PVA. The EMI shielding property of the composite with a low thickness of 0.3 mm in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) shows a very impressive shielding efficiency of ∼15 dB and a specific shielding effectiveness of 20 dB (g cm(-3))(-1), indicating the promising character of this material for flexible EMI shielding applications.