gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS reliability improvements through a new fault tolerant technique (2002)

A CMOS gate structure tolerating all single transistor stuck-at (TSA) faults and a large set of multiple faults is presented. Such structure is based on the simultaneous implementation of both the natural and the complemented form of the desired output; such implementation is easily modifiable to achieve fault tolerance and to obtain detectability of most of the faults which are not tolerated since they cause the two output lines to share the same value. Usually, production of the natural and complemented form of the output signal does not require one to double the number of transistors, thus resulting in cheaper (in terms of area) approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SERS enhancements via periodic arrays of gold nanoparticles on silver film structures (2009)

We discuss surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) structures aimed at providing robust and reproducible enhancements. The structures involve periodic arrays of gold nanospheres near silver film structures that may also be patterned. They enable one to excite Bloch wave surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that can also couple to local surface plasmons (LSPs) of the nanospheres, leading to the possibility of multiplicative enhancements. If the magnitude of the average electric field, /E/, between the particles is enhanced by g such that /E/ = g/E(0)/, /E(0)/ being the incident field, realistic finite-difference time-domain simulations show that under favorable circumstances g approximately equal 0.6 g(SPP) g(LSP), where g(SPP) and g(LSP) are enhancement factors associated with the individual components. SERS enhancements for the structures can be as high as O(g(4)) = 10(8).
Promoter Cloning in the Radioresistant Bacterium <i>Deinococcus radiodurans</i> (2001)

Deinococcus radiodurans is a highly radiation-resistant bacterium that is classed in a major subbranch of the bacterial domain. Since very little is known about gene expression in this bacterium, an initial study of promoters was undertaken. In order to isolate promoters and study promoter function, a series of integrative vectors for stable chromosomal insertion in D. radiodurans were developed. These vectors are based on Escherichia coli replicons that are unable to replicate autonomously in D. radiodurans and carry homologous sequences for replacement recombination in the D. radiodurans chromosome. The resulting integration vectors were used to study expression of reporter genes fused to a number of putative promoters that were amplified from the D. radiodurans R1 genome. Further analysis of these and other putative promoters was performed by Northern hybridization and primer extension experiments. In contrast to previous reports, the -10 and -35 regions of these promoters resembled the sigma(70) consensus sequence of E. coli.
CSD2, CSD3, and CSD4, genes required for chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the CSD2 gene product is related to chitin synthases and to developmentally regulated proteins in Rhizobium species and Xenopus laevis. (1992)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chitin forms the primary division septum and the bud scar in the walls of vegetative cells. Three chitin synthetic activities have been detected. Two of them, chitin synthase I and chitin synthase II, are not required for synthesis of most of the chitin present in vivo. Using a novel screen, I have identified three mutations, designated csd2, csd3, and csd4, that reduce levels of chitin in vivo by as much as 10-fold without causing any obvious perturbation of cell division. The csd2 and csd4 mutants lack chitin synthase III activity in vitro, while csd3 mutants have wild-type levels of this enzyme. In certain genetic backgrounds, these mutations cause temperature-sensitive growth on rich medium; inclusion of salts or sorbitol bypasses this phenotype. Gene disruption experiments show that CSD2 is nonessential; a small amount of chitin, about 5% of the wild-type level, is detected in the disruptants. DNA sequencing indicates that the CSD2 protein has limited, but statistically significant, similarity to chitin synthase I and chitin synthase II. Other significant similarities are to two developmental proteins: the nodC protein from Rhizobium species and the DG42 protein of Xenopus laevis. The relationship between the nodC and CSD2 proteins suggests that nodC may encode an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that synthesizes the oligosaccharide backbone of the nodulation factor NodRm-1.
Selective Loss of Sertoli Cell and Germ Cell Function Leads to a Disruption in Sertoli Cell-Germ Cell Communication During Aging in the Brown Norway Rat1 (2001)

We investigated the effects of aging on Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions from Brown Norway rats using the induction of four specific mRNAs as markers. The testes from aging (24 mo old) Brown Norway rats can be normal size or regressed. One marker, a von Ebner's-like protein, is expressed in coculture and "in vivo" in germ cells from normal testes of 6- and 24-mo-old rats but not in germ cells from regressed testes of 24-mo-old rats. A second germ cell marker, the Huntington disease protein, is expressed in all germ cells. Two Sertoli cell markers, a serotonin receptor and a novel gene, are induced in Sertoli cells by meiotic germ cells. The serotonin receptor mRNA is expressed in Sertoli cells from 20-day, 6-mo, and 24-mo normal testes but not in those from 24-mo regressed testes. The novel gene is induced in Sertoli cells from all testes. We conclude that Sertoli cells from aged regressed testes are unable to respond to selective signals from germ cells from young rats, and germ cells from regressed testes show a similar selective loss. Such disruptions in communication between Sertoli cells and germ cells likely contribute to germ cell loss during aging.
Suppression of the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Response by Glucocorticoids and 11β-HSD1-Mediated Glucocorticoid Activation in Hepatic Cells (2012)

The results demonstrate a suppression of the cellular antioxidant defence capacity by glucocorticoids and suggest that elevated 11β-HSD1 activity may lead to impaired Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response. The gender-specific differences in hepatic expression levels of 11β-HSD1 and Nrf2 target genes and the impact of pharmacological inhibition of 11β-HSD1 on improving cellular capacity to cope with oxidative stress warrants further studies in vivo.
Measuring the Popularity of Job Skills in Recruitment Market: A Multi-Criteria Approach (2018)

To cope with the accelerating pace of technological changes, talents are urged to add and refresh their skills for staying in active and gainful employment. This raises a natural question: what are the right skills to learn? Indeed, it is a nontrivial task to measure the popularity of job skills due to the diversified criteria of jobs and the complicated connections within job skills. To that end, in this paper, we propose a data driven approach for modeling the popularity of job skills based on the analysis of large-scale recruitment data. Specifically, we first build a job skill network by exploring a large corpus of job postings. Then, we develop a novel Skill Popularity based Topic Model (SPTM) for modeling the generation of the skill network. In particular, SPTM can integrate different criteria of jobs (e.g., salary levels, company size) as well as the latent connections within skills, thus we can effectively rank the job skills based on their multi-faceted popularity. Extensive experiments on real-world recruitment data validate the effectiveness of SPTM for measuring the popularity of job skills, and also reveal some interesting rules, such as the popular job skills which lead to high-paid employment.
TMA, DMA, DSC, and TGA of lead free solders (2002)

Most of the electronics packaging materials, especially solders are temperature dependent. Their temperature-dependent material properties can be obtained by TMA (thermal mechanical analysis), DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis), DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). In this study, the thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE), storage modulus, moisture uptake, and melting point of two lead free solders, 96.5wt%Sn-3.5wt%Ag and 42wt%Sn-58wt%Bi provided from two different vendors, are measured by, respectively, TMA, DMA, TGA, and DSC. For comparison purpose, the 63wt%Sn-37wt%Pb solder is also considered.
Organic semiconductor distributed feedback laser pixels for lab-on-a-chip applications fabricated by laser-assisted replication (2014)

The integration of organic semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser sources into all-polymer chips is promising for biomedical or chemical analysis. However, the fabrication of DFB corrugations is often expensive and time-consuming. Here, we apply the method of laser-assisted replication using a near-infrared diode laser beam to efficiently fabricate inexpensive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chips with spatially localized organic DFB laser pixels. This time-saving fabrication process enables a pre-defined positioning of nanoscale corrugations on the chip and a simultaneous generation of nanoscale gratings for organic edge-emitting laser pixels next to microscale waveguide structures. A single chip of size 30 mm × 30 mm can be processed within 5 min. Laser-assisted replication allows for the subsequent addition of further nanostructures without a negative impact on the existing photonic components. The minimum replication area can be defined as being as small as the diode laser beam focus spot size. To complete the fabrication process, we encapsulate the chip in PMMA using laser transmission welding.
Immunogold Localization of Vitellogenin in the Ovaries, Hypopharyngeal Glands and Head Fat Bodies of Honeybee Workers,<i>Apis Mellifera</i> (2007)

Vitellogenin is a yolk precursor protein in most oviparous females. In the advanced eusocial honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), vitellogenin has recently attracted much interest as this protein, in addition to a classical function in oocyte development in the reproductive queen caste, has evolved functions in the facultatively sterile female worker caste not documented in other species. However, research on the spatial dynamics of vitellogenin in various tissues is not easily performed with available tools. Here we present an immunogold staining procedure that visualizes honeybee vitellogenin in resin embedded tissue. To establish the protocol, we used ovaries of worker bees from colonies with and without a queen. Under the first condition, vitellogenin is assumed not to be present in the workers' ovaries. Under the second condition, the ovaries of worker bees become vitellogenic, with abundant opportunities for detection of complex patterns of vitellogenin uptake and storage. By use of this experimental setup, the staining method is shown to be both sensitive and specific. To demonstrate the functional significance of the protocol, it was subsequently used to identify vitellogenin protein in the hypopharyngeal glands (brood food producing head glands) of nursing worker bees and in adjacent head fat body cells for the first time. Localization of vitellogenin in these tissues supports previously hypothesized roles of vitellogenin in social behavior. This protocol thus provides deeper insights into the functions of vitellogenin in the honeybee.
Multifaceted targeting in cancer: the recent cell death players meet the usual oncogene suspects (2007)

Recent complicated advances towards the blueprinting of the altered molecular networks that lie behind cancer development have paved the way for targeted therapy in cancer. This directed a significant part of the research community to the development of specialized targeted agents, many of which are already available or in clinical trials. The prospect of patient-tailored therapeutic strategies, although very close to becoming a reality also raises the level of complexity of the therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the functions, in vivo expression patterns and aberrations of factors presently targeted or representing potential targets by therapeutic agents, focusing on those implicated in death receptor-induced apoptosis. The authors overview the regulation of these factors and death receptor-induced apoptosis by classical oncogenes (e.g., RAS, MYC, HER2) and their effectors/regulators, most of which are also being targeted. In addition, the importance of orthologic systemic approaches in future patient-tailored therapies are discussed.
MIMO radar filterbank design for interference mitigation (2014)

MIMO radars transmit multiple waveforms simultaneously. As the number of waveforms used increases, the cross-correlation between the waveforms also tends to increase if the transmission time or bandwidth is not increased. By using a bank of mismatched filters at the receivers, it is possible to decrease the peak cross-correlation and autocorrelation side-lobe levels of the used waveforms. Furthermore, interference power can also be significantly reduced at the same time. We propose a filterbank design for the MIMO radar receiver based on minimizing the interference power at the receiver while controlling peak sidelobe and cross-correlation values, resulting in a convex optimization problem.
Product-based Neural Networks for User Response Prediction over Multi-field Categorical Data (2018)

User response prediction is a crucial component for personalized information retrieval and filtering scenarios, such as recommender system and web search. The data in user response prediction is mostly in a multi-field categorical format and transformed into sparse representations via one-hot encoding. Due to the sparsity problems in representation and optimization, most research focuses on feature engineering and shallow modeling. Recently, deep neural networks have attracted research attention on such a problem for their high capacity and end-to-end training scheme. In this paper, we study user response prediction in the scenario of click prediction. We first analyze a coupled gradient issue in latent vector-based models and propose kernel product to learn field-aware feature interactions. Then we discuss an insensitive gradient issue in DNN-based models and propose Product-based Neural Network (PNN) which adopts a feature extractor to explore feature interactions. Generalizing the kernel product to a net-in-net architecture, we further propose Product-network In Network (PIN) which can generalize previous models. Extensive experiments on 4 industrial datasets and 1 contest dataset demonstrate that our models consistently outperform 8 baselines on both AUC and log loss. Besides, PIN makes great CTR improvement (relatively 34.67%) in online A/B test.
On-line NIR analysis and advanced control improve gasoline blending (1994)

A near-infrared (NIR), advanced control system has been controlling the gasoline blender at BP France's Lavera refinery for more than 2 years. The blender produces 1 million metric tons/year gasoline (about 21,000 b/d) using multivariable blend-control software in a closed-loop mode. BP's system uses a centralized NIR spectrometer fitted with optical fibers that carry NIR radiation between the instrument and process streams. The analyzer monitors the product stream from the blender and transmits data to the control software, which adjusts the component flow rates to meet target specifications. The system computes blending indices using an innovative approach based on the NIR response of the individual basestocks. The paper discusses NIR analysis, blending optimization, the Lavera project, BP methodology, data treatment, system assessment, and benefits.
Fully sampled matrix transducer for real time 3D ultrasonic imaging (2004)

A 2D array for acquiring 3D images is described. Interconnection methods are presented that connect elements of the array to integrated circuits (ICs) within the transducer. These ICs simultaneously process signals from ALL elements forming a fully sampled array. Comparisons are made with mechanical and sparse array solutions. Several signal processing options for use within the ICs are presented.
Molecular Formula Identification with SIRIUS (2013)

We present results of the SIRIUS2 submission to the 2012 CASMI contest. Only results for Category 1 (molecular formula identification) were submitted. The SIRIUS method and the parameters used are briefly described, followed by detailed analysis of the results and a discussion of cases where SIRIUS2 was unable to come up with the correct molecular formula. SIRIUS2 returns consistently high quality results, with the exception of fragmentation pattern analysis of time-of-flight data. We then discuss possibilities for further improving SIRIUS2 in the future.
Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2020)

Mortality rates of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continue to rise across the world. Information regarding the predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 remains scarce. Herein, we performed a systematic review of published articles, from 1 January to 24 April 2020, to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19. Two investigators independently searched the articles and collected the data, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for associations between mortality and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 14 studies documenting the outcomes of 4659 patients were included. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-3.1; P < .00001), coronary heart disease (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1-6.9; P < .00001), and diabetes (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7-2.3; P < .00001) were associated with significantly higher risk of death amongst patients with COVID-19. Those who died, compared with those who survived, differed on multiple biomarkers on admission including elevated levels of cardiac troponin (+44.2 ng/L, 95% CI, 19.0-69.4; P = .0006); C-reactive protein (+66.3 µg/mL, 95% CI, 46.7-85.9; P < .00001); interleukin-6 (+4.6 ng/mL, 95% CI, 3.6-5.6; P < .00001); D-dimer (+4.6 µg/mL, 95% CI, 2.8-6.4; P < .00001); creatinine (+15.3 µmol/L, 95% CI, 6.2-24.3; P = .001); and alanine transaminase (+5.7 U/L, 95% CI, 2.6-8.8; P = .0003); as well as decreased levels of albumin (-3.7 g/L, 95% CI, -5.3 to -2.1; P < .00001). Individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease and that present with evidence for acute inflammation and end-organ damage are at higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection and should be managed with greater intensity.
Interstitial and Vascular Type V Collagen Morphologic Disorganization in Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (2006)

Recent evidence suggests that type V collagen plays a role in organizing collagen fibrils, thus maintaining fibril size and spatial organization uniform. In this study we sought to characterize the importance of type V collagen morphological disorganization and to study the relationship between type V collagen, active remodeling of the pulmonary vascular/parenchyma (fibroblastic foci), and other collagen types in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). We examined type V collagen and several other collagens in 24 open lung biopsies with histological pattern of UIP from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We used immunofluorescence, morphometry, and three-dimensional reconstruction to evaluate the amount of collagen V and its interaction with the active remodeling progression in UIP, as well as types I and III collagen fibers. Active remodeling progression was significantly related to type V collagen density (p<0.05), showing a gradual and direct increase to minimal, moderate, and severe fibrosis degree in UIP and in the three different areas: normal, intervening, and mural-organizing fibrosis in UIP. Parenchymal changes were characterized by morphological disorganization of fibrillar collagen with diverse disarray and thickness when observed by three-dimensional reconstruction. We concluded that in the different temporal stages of UIP, vascular/parenchyma collagen type V is increased, in disarray, and is the most important predictor of survival.
Breast Cancer Patients' Experience of External-Beam Radiotherapy (2009)

Radiotherapy is a critical component of treatment for the majority of women with breast cancer, particularly those who receive breast conserving surgery. Although medically beneficial, radiotherapy can take a physical and psychological toll on patients. However, little is known about the specific thoughts and feelings experienced by women undergoing breast cancer radiotherapy. Therefore, the study aim was to use qualitative research methods to develop an understanding of these thoughts and feelings based on 180 diary entries completed during radiotherapy by 15 women with stage 0 to stage III breast cancer. Thematic analysis identified four primary participant concerns: (a) a preoccupation with time, (b) fantasies (both optimistic and pessimistic) about life following radiotherapy, (c) the toll their side-effect experience takes on their self-esteem, and (d) feeling mystified by radiotherapy. These themes are consistent with previous literature on illness and identity. These findings have implications for the treatment and care of women undergoing breast cancer radiotherapy.
The Petacomp Machine - A MIMD Cluster for Parallel Pattern-mining (2006)

Multiple instruction stream-single data stream (MISD) architectures have not found many practical applications in supercomputing. We present a multiple instruction stream-multiple data stream (MIMD) cluster implementation that uses MISD search processors with extreme pattern mining performance as a building block. We use PCI cards that hold sixteen search processors with local memory to build a relatively small cluster of five PC nodes with six PCI cards each. This cluster can handle anything between 64 independent queries at 48 GB per second, to 30,720 independent queries at 100 MB per second. The cluster's performance characteristics are such that we can easily scale the system to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> operations per second with containable overhead using just 100 nodes. Further, the solution has lower power consumption and memory bandwidth requirements than comparable technologies.
Virtual Reference Device-Based NLOS Localization in Multipath Environment (2014)

This letter presents a novel non-line-of-sight (NLOS) localization scheme based on the concept of virtual reference device. The position of virtual reference device for each NLOS path can be determined if the initial mobile device position can be estimated or when the mobile device transits from LOS to NLOS region. With the position of virtual reference devices, the subsequent localization of mobile device requires only one signal path. Simulation and experiment conducted in indoor multipath environment show that the performance of our proposed localization scheme surpasses the existing localization schemes by a significant margin at all simulated and measured locations.