gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells by sequential administration of interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor following polychemotherapy with etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin [see comments] (1992)

We report on the requirements that have to be met to combine a standard-dose chemotherapy regimen with broad antitumor activity with the mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells. Thirty-two cancer patients were given a 1-day course of chemotherapy consisting of etoposide (VP16), ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP; n = 46 cycles), followed by the combined sequential administration of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). Control patients received GM-CSF alone or were treated without cytokines. Maximum numbers of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were recruited on day 13 to 17 after chemotherapy, with a median of 418 CD34+ cells/microL blood (range, 106 to 1,841) in IL-3/GM-CSF-treated patients, 426 CD34+/microL (range, 191 to 1,380) in GM-CSF-treated patients, and 46 CD34+/microL (range, 15 to 148) in patients treated without cytokines. In parallel, there was an increase in myeloid (10,490 colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM]/mL blood; range, 1,000 to 23,400), as well as erythroid (10,660 burst-forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E]/mL blood; range, 3,870 to 24,300) and multipotential (840 CFU-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte [GEMM]/mL blood; range, 160 to 2,070) progenitor cells in IL-3 plus GM-CSF-treated patients. In GM-CSF-treated patients, significantly less precursor cells of all lineages were mobilized, particularly multipotential progenitors (400 CFU-GEMM/mL blood; range, 200 to 2,150). Only small numbers of CD34+ cells and clonogenic progenitor cells could be recruited in intensively pretreated patients. Our data document that after standard-dose chemotherapy-induced bone marrow hypoplasia, IL-3 plus GM-CSF can be used to recruit PBPC, which might shorten the hematopoietic recovery after high-dose chemotherapy in chemosensitive lymphomas or solid tumors.
Hypothalamic Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Is Induced by Cold Exposure and Participates in the Control of Energy Expenditure in Rats (2003)

Short-term cold exposure of homeothermic animals leads to higher thermogenesis and food consumption accompanied by weight loss. An analysis of cDNA-macroarray was employed to identify candidate mRNA species that encode proteins involved in thermogenic adaptation to cold. A cDNA-macroarray analysis, confirmed by RT-PCR, immunoblot, and RIA, revealed that the hypothalamic expression of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is enhanced by exposure of rats to cold environment. The blockade of hypothalamic MCH expression by antisense MCH oligonucleotide in cold-exposed rats promoted no changes in feeding behavior and body temperature. However, MCH blockade led to a significant drop in body weight, which was accompanied by decreased liver glycogen, increased relative body fat, increased absolute and relative interscapular brown adipose tissue mass, increased uncoupling protein 1 expression in brown adipose tissue, and increased consumption of lean body mass. Thus, increased hypothalamic MCH expression in rats exposed to cold may participate in the process that allows for efficient use of energy for heat production during thermogenic adaptation to cold.
Reducing Spatial Resolution for MPEG-4 / H.264 Transcoding with Efficient Motion Reusing (2007)

when the output video should be converted to a lower resolution video. In this paper, we present a fast MPEG-4 Simple Profile (SP) to H.264 transcoder with reducing spatial resolution from CIF to QCIF video format. Based on frame image characteristics and motion information in MPEG-4 decoder, we limit motion modes, generate prediction motion vectors and build an adaptive search range for motion estimation in H.264 encoder. Simulation results show that our transcoder reduces transcoding time considerably while video quality is kept almost optimal. Index Terms------MPEG-4, H.264, transcoder, motion estimation, spatial downscale, PSNR
Intracellular Protein Synthesis During Standard and Defective Hz-1 Virus Replication (1986)

Summary An isolate of the non-occluded baculovirus Hz-1, containing a high level of defective particles, was recovered after serial passage in Trichoplusia ni (TN-368) tissue culture cells. DNA from defective virions contained deletions of up to 91 kilobase pairs. Defective particles were shown to interfere with the infection or replication of standard virions. Standard virus appeared to be required for replication of defective interfering (DI) particles. Initiation of both standard and DI viral DNA replication occurred at 4 h post-inoculation. Virus-induced protein synthesis was studied by pulse-labelling with [35S]methionine. During defective virus replication in the presence of low amounts of standard virus, there was a significant reduction in the synthesis of 14 proteins (mol. wt. 109, 93, 92, 90, 85, 69, 57, 50, 40, 27.5, 23, 17.5, 17 and 14, all × 10-3) and an increase in the synthesis of five proteins (mol. wt. 104, 75, 41, 37 and 14.2, all × 10-3) as compared to standard virus infections.
Characterization of the human aldose reductase gene promoter (1993)

The promoter region of the human aldose reductase gene has been identified upstream of the translation start ATG codon. The promoter contains a TATA box, a CCAAT promoter element, and three Sp1 protein binding consensus sequences upstream of the capsite. A 640-base pair insert spanning +31 to -609 directs expression of the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in an orientation-specific manner in transfected Hep G2 cells. The promoter activity remained constant with deletions from base pairs -609 to -186. The TATA and the CCAAT consensus sequences show significant promoter activity, whereas the three Sp1 binding consensus sequences, individually, have no significant promoter activity. A GA-rich region (-186 to -146) contains two CGGAAA/G motifs, which show promoter activity and interaction with Hep G2 nuclear extract and GA-binding proteins (GABP alpha and GABP beta 1) as shown by mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting. Similar cis-elements in herpes simplex virus type 1 interact with rat liver GABP and the viral VP16 protein to mediate the induction of immediate early viral genes. A GC-rich region (-87 to -31) is identified by mobility shift assay, and a consensus sequence of an androgen response element is present at -396 to -382. The human aldose reductase promoter, thus, has regulatory response elements that may be important during early development and puberty. These regulatory elements may play a significant role in the development of certain diabetic complications.
CSF-1 Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis for Tooth Eruption (2005)

The dental follicle regulates the alveolar bone resorption needed for tooth eruption. In the rat first mandibular molar, a decrease in the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the dental follicle at day 3 enables the osteoclastogenesis needed for eruption to occur. Because colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is maximally expressed in the dental follicle at day 3, it was hypothesized that CSF-1 down-regulates OPG gene expression in the dental follicle in vivo. To test this, we compared the expression of OPG in osteopetrotic toothless (tl/tl) rats deficient in CSF-1 with expression in their normal littermates for given ages. OPG gene expression was found to be higher in the dental follicle of the tl/tl mutants than in normals. Transfecting short interfering RNA specific for CSF-1 mRNA into dental follicle cells resulted in an up-regulation of OPG expression. Thus, these studies support our hypothesis that the down-regulation of OPG needed for tooth eruption is mediated by CSF-1.
Red Emission of InGaN/GaN Double Heterostructures on GaN Nanopyramid Structures (2015)

We fabricated InGaN double-hetero structure (DHS) on the nanosized pyramid structure and successfully demonstrated efficient red color emission at 650 nm from this unique structure. The nanosized pyramid structure was fabricated by selective area growth method with nanoimprint. The different diffusion length of composite atoms and compositional pulling effect on the pyramid structure gave rise to not only compositional variation, but also high In-content InGaN of more than 40%. The InGaN DHS on nanopyramids shows high internal quantum efficiency, sub-ns fast recombination time (negligible built-in electric fields), and less efficiency droop even with the high In content. These results are important to realize efficient red emission based on InGaN material, providing possibilities for efficient photonic devices operating at the long wavelength visible region.
An Innovative Model for the Sustainability of Investments in the Wind Energy Sector: The Use of Green Sukuk in an Italian Case Study (2017)

In this paper we present the technical-energy-economic feasibility of wind power systems. An Italian 1 Megawatt (MW) case study was considered to evaluate the importance of incentives in order to achieve the grid parity. Due to the severe reduction of incentives in the last years, in the present work we propose the use of Sukuk, a Shari’ah-compliant instrument used in the Islamic Finance, as an alternative financial instrument used to limit the extent of leverage associated with financing. The building cost thresholds necessary to achieve the grid parity and a profitable and bankable project are presented with a sensitivity analysis. In the framework of the efforts against climate change and the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG), our results evidenced the importance of incentives and the applicability of the use of Shari’ah-compliant sukuk instruments in order to provide a feasible and sustainable investment in the wind energy sector
Molecular and intramolecular dynamics of a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>80</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>dimetallofullerene (1998)

Molecular and intramolecular dynamics of solid-state ${\mathrm{CeLa}\mathrm{@}\mathrm{C}}_{80}$ has been studied based on time-differential perturbed-angular-correlation (TDPAC) measurements by employing the ${}^{140}\mathrm{Ce}$ nucleus, a ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay product of ${}^{140}\mathrm{La},$ as the probe. Rotational motion of the molecules was suggested by the temperature dependence of the reorientational correlation time of electric quadrupole interaction ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c},$ which abruptly changes at approximately 160 K, implying the freezing of the motion. The dynamic motion of the Ce atom was observed even below that temperature, down to 40 K, and all of the motions causing dynamic perturbation on the nucleus vanish at further low temperatures. Some intrinsic nature of the interactions among and within the fullerene molecules, ${\mathrm{CeLa}\mathrm{@}\mathrm{C}}_{80},$ is also discussed in comparison with ${\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{@}\mathrm{C}}_{82},$ based on physical parameters obtained by the TDPAC method.
Dietary fish oil alleviates soleus atrophy during immobilization in association with Akt signaling to p70s6k and E3 ubiquitin ligases in rats (2010)

Reduced muscle activity leads to impaired insulin signaling, which leads to loss of contractile proteins and muscle mass via the Akt pathway. Dietary fish oil rich in long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been shown to prevent insulin signaling resistance in skeletal muscle. This study was conducted to elucidate the protective effect of dietary fish oil on disuse-induced perturbations in insulin signaling and soleus muscle atrophy. To accomplish this, rats were fed a corn-oil- (control) or fish-oil-based diet for 2 weeks, and then subjected to hindlimb immobilization while still receiving the same diets. After 10 days of immobilization, the soleus muscle mass and myosin heavy chain level had markedly decreased; however, these losses were significantly suppressed in rats fed dietary fish oil, compared with the control group. Dietary fish oil nearly completely attenuated the disturbances in activation of the Akt and p70 S6 kinase proteins, as well as the gene expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (muscle atrophy F-box and muscle RING finger 1). However, insulin receptor substrate 1 associated with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase was not altered during immobilization. Dietary fish oil also inhibited alterations in the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, with no additional observation of oxidative stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary fish oil prior to and during immobilization may alleviate the immobilization-induced soleus muscle atrophy, at least in part, via the Akt pathway through E3 ubiquitin ligases and p70s6k.
A moving coil dynamic accelerometer (1991)

Abstract This paper describes a new type of seismic sensor that enables flat frequency response from 3 Hz to 200 Hz with any angle of tilt.
Frequency Variations of Junction-Transistor Parameters (1954)

A Theoretical solution for the frequency variation of the four small-signal parameters of a junction transistor has been obtained by extending Shockley's analysis and by taking account of space-charge-layer widening as suggested by J. M. Early. From the results of this solution, it has been possible to explain the experimentally observed frequency variation of open-circuit collector-base admittance of fused-junction p-n-p junction transistors that was reported earlier and is described here in more detail. The theoretical frequency variation of the current-amplification factor and of the other two small-signal parameters (open-circuit voltage-feedback factor h12 and short-circuit input impedance h11, for the grounded-base connection) also is discussed in some detail. Numerical results are included for each of the four parameters in the form of curves of normalized parameters versus relative frequency. Derivation of the voltage-current relations for the theoretical model is given separately in section II. The effect of base-spreading resistance is taken into account in the usual manner by addition of a lumped resistance to the base contact of the theoretical model.
Modification of Adsorptive Properties of Bagasse Fly Ash for Uptaking Cadmium from Aqueous Solution (2013)

Novel low-cost adsorbents were developed from industrial bagasse fly ash (BFA) waste using facile chemical modification. The uptaking of cadmium from wastewater using pretreated BFA adsorbents was investigated. The influence of solution pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on the adsorption performance of Cd (II) onto natural and modified BFA adsorbents was examined by a batch method. Surface properties of developed BFA adsorbents were characterized by the pHPZC, C, H, N, and S elemental analysis and FTIR spectrum. Equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm fitted best. Chemical modification to BFA with HCl and HNO3 resulted in enhancing sorption capacity of BFA for Cd (II) uptake from 19.8 to 47.6 and 25.1 mg/g and then decreasing to 11.9 mg/g upon pretreatment with EDTA, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that the cadmium sorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic calculations point towards feasibility of an adsorption process with spontaneous and endothermic nature. Overall, it can be concluded that the modified BFA can be operated as an alternative material to more costly adsorbents used for cadmium (II) in wastewater treatment processes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.64.2.3576
Induction of T cell-dependent B cell differentiation by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. (1987)

Three monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing the CD3 (T3) surface complex each induced B cell differentiation (as measured by PFC generation) in cultures containing T + non-T cells. Irradiation of the T cells before culture usually augmented the PFC response. An IgG2a mAb (454) induced PFC in all donors tested, whereas two IgG1 mAb (147 and 446) induced PFC in only 80% of the donors tested. This heterogeneity in PFC response to IgG1 anti-CD3 mAb strictly paralleled the heterogeneity in proliferative response to IgG1 anti-CD3 mAb and was governed by cells within the non-T population. In IgG1 anti-CD3 high responders (HR), all anti-CD3 mAb tested induced Tac expression. In IgG1 anti-CD3 low responders (LR), mAb 454 induced Tac expression, but mAb 147 did not. However, when the cultures were supplemented with exogenous interleukin 2, Tac expression and PFC generation in response to mAb 147 was similar to the response to mAb 454 in both HR and LR. The addition of anti-Tac to the cultures partially inhibited anti-CD3-induced PFC generation. These studies indicate that anti-CD3 mAb can lead to B cell differentiation under appropriate experimental conditions and may be valuable in studying polyclonal T cell-dependent B cell differentiation in normal and disease states.
On the estimation of base transit time in AlGaAs/GaAs bipolar transistors (1987)

Electron diffusion across quasi-neutral p-type base regions representative of those used in n-p-n AlGaAs/GaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors is investigated. Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate that for realistic base widths ≲ 1000 Å) electron transport cannot be described by Fick's Law. As a result, the conventional estimate of base transit time, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tau_{B} = W\min{B}\max{2}/2D_{n}</tex> , will produce substantial errors for base widths typical of those employed in heterojunction bipolar transistors. Estimates based on the ballistic transport of electrons across the base are shown to significantly underestimate base transit time-even for base widths substantially narrower than those presently employed.
Fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, reverses L-NAME exacerbated severe nephrosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2008)

These results suggest that Rho-kinase inhibition partly reverses hypertensive glomerulosclerosis. The renoprotective effect of the Rho-kinase inhibitor may have multiple mechanisms including inhibition of extracellular matrix production, oxidative stress, adhesion molecule production, and antifibrinolysis.
Performance Evaluation and Formation Damage Potential of New Water-Based Drilling Formulas (1999)

Summary Formation damage risks are well documented for standard mud formulations but they are poorly analyzed for new types of non-polluting muds. This paper describes extensive laboratory work aimed at evaluating the behavior of these new types of mud formulations. First, static and dynamic filtration experiments were conducted on paper filters and rock slices. Examination of mud cakes by means of cryo-SEM has permitted correlation of filtration behavior with the structural characteristics of both external and internal mud cakes. Then, the simulation of the full process of mud invasion in oil-bearing reservoirs was achieved by performing static and dynamic filtration experiments in a specially designed core-holder cell containing 40 cm long sandstone core samples. Cumulative filtrate losses and pressure drops across six sections of the core, while circulating the mud and back flushing the oil, were continuously monitored to evaluate the permeability damage. Damage arising from overbalanced conditions has been evaluated in terms of cake permeability, fluid loss characterization and reduction in oil permeability after mud exposure. For the three mud compositions tested here, the filtration process in high permeability sandstones is mainly controlled by external mud cakes. Damage is severe but an additional damage due to the trapped aqueous filtrate phase can strongly affect the oil relative permeabilities. This approach has given a complete behavior understanding of new water based drilling fluid formulations including evaluation of their performances, limits of use at high temperature and assessment of risks for different operational conditions.
Multifunctional, Defect‐Engineered Metal–Organic Frameworks with Ruthenium Centers: Sorption and Catalytic Properties (2014)

A mixed-linker solid-solution approach was employed to modify the metal sites and introduce structural defects into the mixed-valence Ru(II/III) structural analogue of the well-known MOF family [M3(II,II)(btc)2] (M=Cu, Mo, Cr, Ni, Zn; btc=benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate), with partly missing carboxylate ligators at the Ru2 paddle-wheels. Incorporation of pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (pydc), which is the same size as btc but carries lower charge, as a second, defective linker has led to the mixed-linker isoreticular derivatives of Ru-MOF, which display characteristics unlike those of the defect-free framework. Along with the creation of additional coordinatively unsaturated sites, the incorporation of pydc induces the partial reduction of ruthenium. Accordingly, the modified Ru sites are responsible for the activity of the "defective" variants in the dissociative chemisorption of CO2, the enhanced performance in CO sorption, the formation of hydride species, and the catalytic hydrogenation of olefins.
Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles Formed Using Sulfate Anions as Crosslinking Bridges (2012)

Problem statement: The preparation of new simple Chitosan nanoparticle delivery system is very important and could have many applications particularly in pharmaceutical field to be used as a drug delivery system. In this study, the production of robust Chitosan nanoparticles has been developed and characterized by chemical crosslinking using sulfate anions. Approach: Chitosan polymer is considered one of the best polymers used in the field of Nanomedicine due to its safety, biocompatibility, biodegradability and environment friendly. Therefore, the development of a new method for the production of Chitosan nanoparticles should be of great importance for the pharmaceutical industry applications. The method was found to produce Chitosan sulfate capable carrying drug molecules which could explain the importance of such technique. Results: The size of Chitosan sulfate nanoparticles was determined using different LMW Chitosan HCl and sodium sulfate were confirmed by Laser diffraction, DSC and FTIR spectroscopy and it was tested for its dissolution rate. Conclusion/Recommendations: LMW Chitosan sulfate nanoparticles were relatively stable in aqueous medium and exert a slow rate of dissolution when placed in acidic medium. The properties of the Chitosan sulfate nanoparticles are considered suitable carriers in Nanomedicine and drug delivery technology.