gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural aspects of the human C5 gene. Intron/exon organization, 5'-flanking region features, and characterization of two truncated cDNA clones. (1991)

Human C5 cDNA fragments were used to identify five overlapping cosmid clones that spanned the entire C5 gene. Partial sequencing and Southern analysis of the clones were performed to identify intron/exon boundaries and to map intron size. The human C5 gene is 79 kilobases in length and is comprised of 41 exons. Comparison of C5 with the homologous family members C3 and C4 revealed striking similarities in exon size and number. Less, although significant similarities were also observed with the family member alpha 2-macroglobulin. The transcriptional start site for the C5 gene was observed as a doublet at positions 29 and 28 nucleotides upstream of the ATG start codon. The 5'-flanking region of the gene contains sequences homologous with several known responsive elements, including interferon, interleukin-6, glucocorticoid, estrogen, NF-kappa B, and HNF-1. Two previously identified truncated cDNAs, pHC5A and pHC5B, contain 21 and 16 exons, respectively. The last exon in pHC5A, designated exon 21a, is a product of alternative splicing and is not present in the major full-length transcript. Truncation of pHC5A is the result of an alternative polyadenylation signal located in exon 21a. In pHC5B, exon 16 is extended on the 3' end by additional flanking genomic sequence that also contains an alternative polyadenylation signal.
Human growth hormone and prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas analyzed by in situ hybridization. (1989)

Acidophilic pituitary adenomas commonly produce growth hormone (GH) or prolactin (PRL), according to studies employing immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. To examine this question, in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes was done on routinely processed tissues received in the pathology laboratory to analyze for the presence of GH and PRL messenger RNA (mRNA) in 4 normal pituitaries, 10 prolactinomas, and 16 GH-secreting adenomas. Most acidophilic cells in normal pituitaries expressed either GH or PRL hormone and the respective mRNAs, but GH mRNA and PRL hormone were also detected in some of the same cells. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of prolactinoma had cells with only PRL mRNA in their tumors, while most (14 of 16) patients with a clinical diagnosis of acromegaly or gigantism had both GH and PRL mRNAs in their tumors. The GH adenomas varied in these studies. In situ hybridization was helpful in characterizing the adenoma from a patient with acromegaly who had immunoreactive PRL, but no immunoreactive GH in the resected tumor; in situ hybridization analysis revealed mRNAs for both GH and PRL in the same tumor cells. Our findings indicate that pituitary adenomas from patients with acromegaly commonly express PRL mRNA. It is concluded that in situ hybridization provides new information about the clinical biology and the histopathologic classification of pituitary adenomas.
A Hybrid Model of PSO Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network for Automatic Follicle Classification (2017)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility in the world, but is a preventable disease when detected early. Detection of follicles in ultrasound images of the ovary is required for the diagnosis of PCOS. The manual method of detecting follicles is time consuming, laborious, error-prone and inconvenient for patients. However, methods used by the existing automated systems often lead to a reduction in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity due to the irregular and jagged edges of the follicles. This research work aims at achieving an improved specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the system. In this report, a new technique for the automatic detection of follicles is implemented. Lee filter was used to despeckle the ultrasound images. Multiple features were then extracted from the images. Further, twelve of these features were selected as optimal values by the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Then, these features were fed as input to the Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network. Upon training and testing the network, 98.3% accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity were achieved.
<title>Design methods for illumination light pipes</title> (1998)

Light pipes are useful for non conventional illumination problems in cars, for displays, etc. The design of such devices is a challenging problem because of the large number of parameters. Depending on the application, the light pipes have various shapes and dimensions. This paper investigates different design strategies for light pipe illumination devices. A new generation of commercially available non- sequential ray-tracing programs allow the analysis of scattering light pipes. However, the modeling of complex optical systems requires the knowledge of the physical behavior and the related numerical algorithms. For the design optimization, ray-tracing is too cumbersome because of the large number of necessary rays. Therefore, we introduce a finite element approach to describe the power transfer through appropriately chosen volume elements. This method gives a good estimation of the macroscopic behavior of the light pipe. The fine tuning of the different pipe parameters is made easier. In addition, the possibility to simulate the light pipe in its surrounding environment by means of global illumination methods is discussed.
Multi-Camera Tracking Based on Information Fusion in Video Surveillance (2009)

Recently, intelligent video surveillance system with multiple cameras is a research hotspot due to its wide application. This system has many advantages on improving the surveillance performance and extending surveillance functions. However, taking multi-camera resources and video data into account, many problems also need to explore and research. The paper designs a system that fuses tracking information from multiple cameras. The system use an approach called map-view mapping for camera calibration and present a fusion strategy to fuse multi-camera tracking data. The experiment verified the performance of the fusion method, and showed this method can effectively eliminate occlusion in overlapping region and integrate all the events from multiple cameras in the ground plane.
A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENTER STUDY OF RIFAXIMIN COMPARED WITH PLACEBO AND WITH CIPROFLOXACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TRAVELERS’ DIARRHEA (2006)

Rifaximin was compared with placebo and ciprofloxacin for treatment of travelers' diarrhea in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Adult travelers (N = 399) consulting travel clinics in Mexico, Guatemala, and India were randomized to receive rifaximin 200 mg three times a day, ciprofloxacin (500 mg two times a day and placebo once a day), or placebo three times a day for 3 days. Patients recorded in daily diaries the time and consistency of each stool and documented symptoms for 5 days after treatment. Stool samples were collected for microbiologic evaluations before and after treatment. The median time to last unformed stool (TLUS) in the rifaximin group (32.0 hours) was less than one half that in the placebo group (65.5 hours; P = 0.001; risk ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval 1.2, 2.2; primary efficacy endpoint). The median TLUS in the ciprofloxacin group was 28.8 hours (P = 0.0003 versus placebo; P = 0.35 versus rifaximin). Rifaximin was less effective than ciprofloxacin for invasive intestinal bacterial pathogens. Oral rifaximin is a safe and effective treatment of travelers' diarrhea caused by noninvasive pathogens.
[An exponential universal formula and evaluation model of sustainable development for cities]. (2001)

In order to study an evaluation model of sustainable development for cities, analysis was performed to study the features of indicator system of community, economy and environment. Based on the genetic algorithms optimum, an exponential universal formula of single indicator was proposed. Evaluation model of sustainable development about the coordinative development of community, economy and environment was developed using weighting method combining the general contrast algorithm with analytic hierarchy process for different structure. The evaluation results of sustainable development for examples using this model showed that the exponential formula of single indicator based on parameters optimum and the evaluation model are not only simple and practical, but also comparisonable, realizable and general.
Analysis of cellular automata used as pseudorandom pattern generators (2002)

The consequences of the similarity transformation between the transition matrix of a linear cellular automaton (CA) and that of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) are explored. It is shown that the bit sequence from a stage of a CA is identical to that from the LFSR found by the similarity transformation. The concept of discrete algorithms of a binary polynomial is introduced and used with an operational calculus to calculate the phase shift between the bit sequences emitted by different stages of a linear CA. The simulation of hybrid 90/150 CA done during the course of this work leads to some conjectures about the realizability of cellular automata exhibiting maximum length sequences with null and cyclic boundary conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanism of Action and Emerging Role of Immune Response Modifier Therapy in Dermatologic Conditions (2004)

Immune response modifiers (IRMs) are agents that target the body's immune system (i.e., cytokines, receptors, and inflammatory cells) to combat disease. Topical IRM therapies, which encompass both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutics, have been used to successfully treat a number of dermatologic conditions. Proinflammatory treatments include Toll-like receptor agonists (e.g., imiquimod 5% cream) and interferon (e.g., interferon-alpha) therapies, which have been used in the treatment of external genital warts, basal cell carcinoma, and other dermatologic diseases. Immunosuppressive therapies include topical and intralesional corticosteroids, anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (e.g., infliximab and etanercept), and anti-CD4+ T-cell agents, including calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate. These agents have been used to treat a number of conditions, including atopic and seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis. This article reviews the mechanism of action of IRMs and the application of IRMs in several dermatologic diseases.
Antimicrobial activity of polyelectrolyte multilayer-treated cellulose films 2<sup>nd</sup> ICC 2007, Tokyo, Japan, October 25–29, 2007 (2008)

Abstract A polyelectrolyte multilayer film with antimicrobial properties was prepared by the layer-by-layer technique on porous cellulose membranes by the alternate adsorption of hydrophobically modified polyvinylamine (PVAm) and polyacrylic acid. The approach included the introduction of negative charges onto cellulose membranes by NaBr and TEMPO-catalysed oxidation which created anchoring sites for the positively charged PVAm. The antibacterial activity of the cellulose membranes were tested with the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli as organism. A significant decrease in bacterial growth was observed with increasing number of polymeric bilayers (between three and six layers of cationic polymer) on the cellulose membranes. The antimicrobial property was ascribed to the modified PVAm.
The IBM magnetic drum calculator type 650 engineering and design considerations (1954)

This paper covers the engineering principles and design considerations given to the components that are used in the International Business Machines Corporation's Type 650 Calculator. The factors that led to the selection of the particular systems and components are discussed, rather than the way and manner in which the calculator functions.
Synthesis and Reactions of Perylenecarboxylic Acid Derivatives. X. Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Alkyl-3,4-perylenedicarboximide (1981)

Abstract N-Alkyl-3,4-perylenedicarboximides (alkyl=methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, and octyl) were prepared by the decarboxylation of N-alkyl-3,4:9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic monoanhydride monoimides (same alkyls) in potassium hydroxide solution.
Automating the design of an asynchronous DLX microprocessor (2003)

In this paper the automated design of an asynchronous DLX microprocessor is presented. The microprocessor has been designed beginning with a standard RTL-like Verilog specification and the Pipefitter design flow has been used to automatically generate both the specification for the direct implementation of the Control Unit and a synthesisable Verilog specification of the Data Path. The architecture of the DLX is locally synchronous and globally asynchronous and the delay elements for the generation of the local clock signal are automatically produced by Pipefitter as well.The following steps of the design flows (i.e., logic synthesis, technology mapping, placement and routing) have been completed using standard tools leading to the final layout of the circuit.The final microprocessor implements all the functionality of a standard DLX (with the exception of the floating point unit) and supports its whole set of instructions.Some considerations on the area occupation of the microcontroller will be presented in the last section of this paper.
Sitting Phases of Polymerizable Amphiphiles for Controlled Functionalization of Layered Materials (2016)

Precisely tailoring surface chemistry of layered materials is a growing need for fields ranging from electronics to biology. For many applications, the need for noncovalently adsorbed ligands to simultaneously control interactions with a nonpolar substrate and a polar solvent is a particular challenge. However, biology routinely addresses a similar challenge in the context of the lipid bilayer. While conventional standing phases of phospholipids (such as those found in a bilayer) would not provide spatially ordered interactions with the substrate, here we demonstrate formation of a sitting phase of polymerizable phospholipids, in which the two alkyl chains extend along the surface and the two ionizable functionalities (a phosphate and an amine) sit adjacent to the substrate and project into the solvent, respectively. Interfacial ordering and polymerization are assessed by high-resolution scanning probe measurements. Water contact angle titrations demonstrate interfacial pKa shifts for the lipid phosphate but not for the amine, supporting localization of the phosphate near the nonpolar graphite surface.
Video-based Face Recognition on Real-World Data (2007)

In this paper, we present the classification sub-system of a real-time video-based face identification system which recognizes people entering through the door of a laboratory. Since the subjects are not asked to cooperate with the system but are allowed to behave naturally, this application scenario poses many challenges. Continuous, uncontrolled variations of facial appearance due to illumination, pose, expression, and occlusion need to be handled to allow for successful recognition. Faces are classified by a local appearance-based face recognition algorithm. The obtained confidence scores from each classification are progressively combined to provide the identity estimate of the entire sequence. We introduce three different measures to weight the contribution of each individual frame to the overall classification decision. They are distance- to-model (DTM), distance-to-second-closest (DT2ND), and their combination. Both a k-nearest neighbor approach and a set of Gaussian mixtures are evaluated to produce individual frame scores. We have conducted closed set and open set identification experiments on a database of 41 subjects. The experimental results show that the proposed system is able to reach high correct recognition rates in a difficult scenario.
PITCH ANGLE CONTROL OF VARIABLE LOW RATED SPEED WIND TURBINE USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER (2013)

Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated 
wind speed areas. It is a challenge to maximize available energy in the low rated wind speed areas. In this paper, a wind turbine prototype with a pitch angle control based on fuzzy logic to 
maximize the output power is built and demonstrated. In the varying low rated wind speed of 4-6 m/s, the use of fuzzy logic controller can maximize the average output power of 14.5 watt 
compared to 14.0 watt at a fixed pitch angle of the blade. Implementation of pitch angle fuzzy logic-based control to the wind turbine is suitable for the low rated wind speed areas
Optimal warping prediction for video coding (2002)

Warping, also known as control grid interpolation, estimates intensities in the present frame through an interpolation of motion vectors-typically with bilinear interpolation. This paper presents a method for computing optimal interpolation parameters for warping prediction. Conventional bilinear warping, while mostly effective, has been known to exhibit unreliable performance in certain situations. Since both block-matching (BMA) and bilinear warping are candidate solutions for optimal warping, the performance of optimal warping is lower bounded by both bilinear warping and BMA, therefore vastly reducing the inconsistency problem. Furthermore, this optimality criterion is applicable to any category of motion vector, including that of block-matching. Thus we are able to demonstrate the optimal usage, under linear operations in the motion domain, of BMA motion vectors.
Separation of Mixed Lots of Tall Fescue and Ryegrass Seed Using Machine Vision (1993)

Samples from two mixed lots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed were hand separated and 10 physical properties of the individual seeds of both species were measured or calculated using a machine vision system (MVS). Data from measurements were subjected to logistic regression analysis, and models were created to distinguish the two species. A model created from the combined data from both lots characterized 83.13% of the tall fescue and 79.87% of the ryegrass. The combined regression model from both lots was then incorporated into a MVS algorithm, and previously unseparated quantities from each lot were separated based on the model. Using this procedure, an average of 83.87% of the tall fescue and 72.64% of the ryegrass seed were correctly classified. This procedure demonstrates potential for future automated MVS purity analysis and separation of mixtures of tall fescue and ryegrass and other difficult-to-separate seed lots.
High performance n-type (Bi,Sb)<sub>2</sub>(Te,Se)<sub>3</sub> for low temperature thermoelectric generator (2010)

Starting with elemental chunks of bismuth, antimony, tellurium and selenium, densified bulk materials (Bi 0.95 Sb 0.05 ) 2 (Te 1− x Se x ) 3 ( x = 0.10, 0.13, 0.15 and 0.17) were prepared by melt spinning subsequently combined with a spark plasma sintering process. The prepared bulk materials display fine grain size and numerous layered structures with a size of 10–100 nm; moreover, details of the composition difference and phase difference cannot be observed. Measurements of electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity have been performed in the temperature range 300–500 K, and it is found that the thermoelectric properties are significantly affected by the content of selenium. All the prepared samples show higher ratios of electrical conductivity and total thermal conductivity compared with state-of-the-art commercial zone melted materials, mainly a large reduction in lattice thermal conductivity, which is more beneficial to the concept of ‘electron crystal phonon glass’. Subsequently, the resulting thermoelectric figure of merit ZT value reaches a maximum of 1.0 at 460 K for the n-type (Bi 0.95 Sb 0.05 ) 2 (Te 0.85 Se 0.15 ) 3 bulk material. Compared with traditional zone melted materials, the peak ZT s move towards a higher temperature and this study demonstrates the possibility of preparing materials with high performance, which can be applied for low temperature power generation or multi-stage devices.
NiTinol performance characterization and rotary actuator design (2004)

The successful and practical application of shape memory alloy (SMA) torque tube actuators has frequently been hindered by an incomplete understanding of the effects of manufacturing and processing variables, particularly when working with large-scale systems producing high force and large displacements. Recently the authors have developed data for NiTinol SMA torque tubes subjected to a variety of processes routinely encountered in everyday industrial practice, with the objective of developing a robust and reliable high-energy actuator. Data are presented for more than 25 NiTinol torque tubes 5.5" long by 0.4" in diameter. The tubes were tested over a range of steady and variable loads exceeding 150 in-lbs of torque, with angular displacements of more than 60 degrees, and for durations exceeding 10,000 thermal cycles. Each tube's performance is characterized as a function of material source, level of cold work, heat treatment, tube fabrication technique, and training regime, and the results are shown. Changes in mechanical and shape memory property were also tracked, and they are reported. Application of NiTinol characteristics to practical design and fabrication of SMA actuators meeting a wide range of angular displacement and torque requirements will also be discussed.
Electrochemical Separation of Gases (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Chlorine Hydrogen Sulfide Sulfur Dioxide Conclusions References
Zur intramolekularen Wechselwirkung von Cyclopropylidenen mit dem Bicyclo[1.1.0]butansystem (1975)

Ein Carbenzentrum in einem dreigliedrigen Ring reagiert mit einem im gleichen Molekül befindlichen Bicyclohutansystem unter tiefgreifender Umordnung der Verbindung, wenn die strukturellen Voraussetzungen dafür gegeben sind. So entsteht aus (1) mit Methyllithium das Acetylenderivat (2) . Der Reaktionsweg wurde durch Isotopenmarkierung bewiesen magnified image .
Strained germanium-tin (GeSn) N-channel MOSFETs featuring low temperature N+/P junction formation and GeSnO2 interfacial layer (2012)

In this paper, we report the world's first germanium-tin (GeSn) channel nMOSFETs. Highlights of process module advances are: low temperature (400 °C) process for forming high quality n+/p junction with high dopant activation and reduced dopant diffusion; interface engineering achieved with GeSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interfacial layer (IL) between high-k gate dielectric and GeSn channel. A gate-last process was employed. The GeSn nMOSFET with GeSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> IL demonstrates a substantially improved SS in comparison with Ge control, and an ION/IOFF ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> .
AFTER THE TROUBADOURS (2012)

1 2 6 Y A F T E R T H E T R O U B A D O U R S P H I L I P W H I T E Now, as before, in the sweetness of the time, the new leaves to their green and the birds each to their chants come back, and all of us sink aslant into what we most want, as before, the beautiful and the good that do not return to us, so our bodies lie sleepless and do not laugh and our thoughts wait to see what way our love goes, like the holly holding out through hail or spreading itself to the sun at next light, the curtain of day and day dragged over us like that with its wars forgotten or its last night’s gift, the moving oculus, the opening I want to live long enough to see one more run of, even its blindness, and rid myself of what keeps back, the same words, yesterday’s, that go on, the exquisite tones hedging us in from the one close to us, and us, and what we know, the two of us, this morning, our portion of bread, our knife. ...