gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein and lipid composition analysis of oil bodies from two <b><i>Brassica napus</i></b> cultivars (2006)

Oil bodies were purified from mature seed of two Brassica napus crop cultivars, Reston and Westar. Purified oil body proteins were subjected to both 2-DE followed by LC-MS/MS and multidimensional protein identification technology. Besides previously known oil body proteins oleosin, putative embryo specific protein ATS1, (similar to caleosin), and 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein (steroleosin), several new proteins were identified in this study. One of the identified proteins, a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase, is similar to a triacylglycerol-associated factor from narrow-leafed lupin while the other, a protein annotated as a myrosinase associated protein, shows high similarity to the lipase/hydrolase family of enzymes with GDSL-motifs. These similarities suggest these two proteins could be involved in oil body degradation. Detailed analysis of the two other oil body components, polar lipids (lipid monolayer) and neutral lipids (triacylglycerol matrix) was also performed. Major differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of polar lipid fractions between the two B. napus cultivars. Neutral lipid composition confirmed erucic acid and oleic acid accumulation in Reston and Westar seed oil, respectively.
Supra-threshold luminance and range discontinuities in natural scenes (2011)

The statistical properties of image formation in the natural environment have been an important driving force of the evolution of biological vision systems. Luminance features in natural scenes have been studied extensively in recent years. In fact, the bandwidths, orientation tuning, and shapes of receptive fields are closely related to the spatial and spectral properties of natural luminance distributions. With recent advances and products based on light detection and ranging (lidar) technology, researchers have also begun to make progress on understanding the statistical properties of three dimensional visual features. We studied distributions of luminance, disparity, and range gradient magnitudes using a co-registered database of luminance and range natural images. We found that the 2D (luminance) and 3D (disparity or range) edge distributions can be well modeled as one-sided generalized Gaussian distributions with varying shape parameters. Through a simple thresholding process, we found that the probability of observing a strong luminance edge at supra-threshold 3D discontinuities is about 3 times greater than that of observing homogeneous luminance. Conversely, the probability of a strong, perceivable 3D edge at supra-threshold luminance discontinuities is about 5 times greater than that at homogeneous luminance regions. Interestingly, we also have observed a monotonic relationship between 3D gradient magnitudes and luminance gradient magnitudes at supra-threshold luminance discontinuities, suggesting that monocular luminance information may play a role in depth perception. However, we did not observe a clear dependency between the strength of luminance edges and the strength of 3D edges at supra-threshold 3D discontinuities. We applied the statistical relationship between luminance gradient magnitudes and disparity gradient magnitudes in a Bayesian model of stereopsis. Direct comparison of the model's performance with and without the 2D-3D gradient dependency directly demonstrates the benefit of using these statistical relationships in recovering the 3D structure of the environment from 2D image data.
Variational methods for the solution of problems of equilibrium and vibrations (1943)

As Henri Poincare once remarked, of a mathematical is a phrase of indefinite meaning. Pure mathematicians sometimes are satisfied with showing that the non-existence of a solution implies a logical contradiction, while engineers might consider a numerical result as the only reasonable goal. Such one sided views seem to reflect human limitations rather than objective values. In itself mathematics is an indivisible organism uniting theoretical contemplation and active application. This address will deal with a topic in which such a synthesis of theoretical and applied mathematics has become particularly convincing. Since Gauss and W. Thompson, the equivalence between boundary value problems of partial differential equations on the one hand and problems of the calculus of variations on the other hand has been a central point in analysis. At first, the theoretical interest in existence proofs dominated and only much later were practical applications envisaged by two physicists, Lord Rayleigh and Walther Ritz ; they independently conceived the idea of utilizing this equivalence for numerical calculation of the solutions, by substituting for the variational problems simpler approximating extremum problems in which but a finite number of parameters need be determined. Rayleigh, in his classical work—Theory of sound—and in other publications, was the first to use such a procedure. But only the spectacular success of Walther Ritz and its tragic circumstances caught the general interest. In two publications of 1908 and 1909 [39], Ritz, conscious of his imminent death from consumption, gave a masterly account of the theory, and at the same time applied his method to the calculation of the nodal lines of vibrating plates, a problem of classical physics that previously had not been satisfactorily treated. Thus methods emerged which could not fail to attract engineers and physicists; after all, the minimum principles of mechanics are more suggestive than the differential equations. Great successes in applications were soon followed by further progress in the understanding of the theoretical background, and such progress in turn must result in advantages for the applications.
Analysis of S-band EDFA utilising macro-bending approach (2010)

Positive gain is obtained in 1460 to 1520 nm region of single pass configuration erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) using macro-bending approach. The standard step index EDF is bent on a 0.65 cm radius rod to suppress the ASE at the longer wavelength in order to achieve the amplification in shorter wavelength region. The bent EDF shows gain and noise figure improvement than that of unbent EDF. The effect of multiple EDF lengths on gain and noise figure across S-band region is also studied.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Analogues of the Active Fungal Metabolites <i>N</i>-(2-Methyl-3-oxodecanoyl)-2-pyrroline and <i>N</i>-(2-Methyl-3-oxodec-8-enoyl)-2-pyrroline (1999)

To evaluate the effect of simplifying the beta-ketoamide system present in active isolated metabolites from Penicillium brevicompactum (2 and 3) on the activity, new analogues with a monocarbonylic amide functionality have been obtained. In this way, the insecticidal and fungicidal activities have been improved in relation to the natural products taken as lead molecules. Thus, two of the synthetic analogues (5a and 5b) showed very important insecticidal activities against third-instar nymphs of Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas, with acute LD(50) values of 3.0 and 1.5 microg/cm(2), respectively. Moreover, some analogues showed good levels of fungicidal activity against a wide range of commercially important and taxonomically diverse fungi; remarkably, compound 7c has proved to be highly active against Colletotrichum gloesporoides and Colletotrichum coccodes, with ED(50) values of 2.04 and 11.7 microg/mL, respectively.
Electronically Tunable Filters (2009)

In this article, a brief introduction to the development of tunable filters was given. A classical design technique based on a combline filter approach was shown, where minimum degradation in passband performance could be obtained across a broad-tuning range. The fundamental disadvantages associated with the conventional resonator tuning approaches were also discussed, recognizing the importance of developing new techniques for realizing tunable microwave filters. It was shown that there is a possibility in realizing an electronically reconfigurable microwave filter based on parallel- coupled switched-delay lines, which possesses the important property of maintaining constant absolute bandwidth over almost an octave of tuning bandwidth. Furthermore, the filter has the ability to incorporate active switching elements in the filter circuit, without sacrificing its loss and linearity performance. With the exceptional linearity performance and power handling capability, the filter is readily adapted to poor environments. Although the use of p-i-n diodes as switching elements would result in large dc consumption, the approach could also be readily adapted for use with any switches, such as pHEMT or RF MEMS switches, to achieve extremely low power consumption. The integration of switchable couplings to enable both bandwidth and center frequency to be reconfigurable would be an enhancement.
Stimulation of dendritic cells via the dectin-1/Syk pathway allows priming of cytotoxic T-cell responses (2008)

The C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for beta-glucans and signals via Syk kinase but independently of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway to regulate expression of innate response genes. Dectin-1 signaling can promote activation of dendritic cells (DCs), rendering them competent to prime Th1 and Th17 responses. Here we show that dectin-1-activated DCs can also prime cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. DCs exposed to a dectin-1 agonist induced antigen-specific expansion of TCR transgenic CD8(+) T cells and their differentiation into CTLs in vitro. Dectin-1 agonist also acted as an adjuvant for CTL crosspriming in vivo, eliciting potent CTL responses that protected mice from tumor challenge. In vitro but not in vivo, CTL crosspriming was dependent on IL-12 p70, which was produced by dectin-1-activated DCs in response to IFN-gamma secreted by newly activated CD8(+) T cells. The dectin-1/Syk pathway is thus able to couple innate immune recognition of beta-glucans to all branches of the adaptive immune system, including CD4(+) T-helper cells, B cells, and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells. These data highlight the ability of non-TLR receptors to bridge innate and adaptive immunity and suggest that dectin-1 agonists may constitute useful adjuvants for immunotherapy and vaccination.
Termination of Late Season Cotton Fruiting with Growth Regulators as an Insect‐Control Technique (1973)

Abstract A technique is proposed for reducing the number of overwintering pink bollworms [ Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)] by reducing their food supply late in the year. This is done by using growth regulators that prevent formation of new cotton ( Gossypium sp.) bolls late in the season, but do not affect development of existing bolls or vegetation. Since most of the late‐season bolls do not mature, the effect on lint yield would be minimal. Three chemicals, (2‐chloroethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, (CCC); dimethylamine salt of (2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid, (2,4‐D); and 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethephon) were used. They were sprayed on cotton late in August and early in September. Each of the chemicals reduced the number of green bolls remaining after harvest by more than 90% at one or more dates in one or more tests. In most cases, lint yields were also reduced. In limited observations, we obtained 87 to 96% reduction in diapausing pink bollworm larvae from these treatments. The effects of Ethephon on seed and fiber quality were too severe to warrant its further use. Residue of 2,4‐D in seeds reduced germination. CCC reduced fiber strength in two of four tests. Further testing of the last two chemicals and evaluation of other chemicals are warranted.
DVB-H and IP Datacast—Broadcast to Handheld Devices (2007)

DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld) is the digital broadcast standard for transmitting broadcast content to handheld terminal devices, developed by the International DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) Project. DVB-H is based on the DVB-T standard for digital terrestrial television but tailored to the special requirements of the pocket-size class of receivers. The IP Datacast specification, which was also recently standardized, contributes the higher layer protocols to build a complete end-to-end system. This article presents an overview of the DVB-H and IP Datacast systems with respect to features and technology. An outlook on DVB-H network deployment is given
Fabrication of body-tied FinFETs (Omega MOSFETs) using bulk Si wafers (2004)

Nano scale body-tied FinFETs have been firstly fabricated. They have fin top width of 30 nm, fin bottom width of 61 nm, fin height of 99 nm, and gate length of 60 nm. This Omega MOSFET shows excellent transistor characteristics, such as very low subthreshold swing, Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) of 24 mV/V, almost no body bias effect, and orders of magnitude lower I/sub SUB//I/sub D/ than planar type DRAM cell transistors.
Familial protein S deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombosis. (1984)

Recent studies have demonstrated that protein C deficiency is associated with recurrent familial thrombosis. In plasma, activated protein C functions as an anticoagulant. This anticoagulant response requires a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein cofactor, referred to as protein S. Since the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C is dependent on protein S, we hypothesized that patients lacking functional protein S might have associated thrombotic disease. Two related individuals with otherwise normal coagulation tests are described whose plasma is not effectively anticoagulated with activated protein C. Addition of purified human protein S to their plasma restores a normal anticoagulant response to activated protein C. We have developed a rapid one-stage clotting assay for protein S to quantitate the level of protein S in their plasma. Plasma is depleted of protein S by immunoadsorption with immobilized antiprotein S antibodies. The resultant plasma responds poorly to activated protein C, but is effectively anticoagulated in a dose-dependent fashion upon addition of purified protein S or small quantities of plasma. The affected individuals possess less than 5% protein S activity. Using Laurell rockets, protein S antigen was detected in the plasma but was at reduced levels of 13 and 18% in the two individuals. When the barium eluate of the patient plasma was chromatographed on quaternary aminoethyl Sephadex, a single peak of protein S antigen devoid of protein S anticoagulant cofactor activity was detected early in the chromatogram. In contrast, the barium eluate from normal donors separated into two peaks, one emerging early and also devoid of anticoagulant cofactor, and the second peak with anticoagulant activity emerging later. The first peak of protein S antigen, from both the normal donor and the patient, chromatographed in the region of the complement component C4-binding protein-protein S complex. These studies suggest that protein S deficiency may result in recurrent thrombotic disease.
포스트모던 도시 경관에서의 스크린과 오리엔탈 도시 - 영화 를 중심으로 - (2017)

본 연구는 미국 공상과학 영화 (1982)에 재현된 도시 이미지를 중심으로 포스트모던 도시 경관에서의 스크린과 오리엔탈리즘의 관계성을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 속 로스앤젤레스는 이질적 양식들이 절충된 패스티쉬 도시로서 포스트모던 미학을 표현한다. 그러나 미래도시 로스앤젤레스는 다원주의 안에서도 다양한 아시아 문화 도상들을 통해 오리엔탈화된 도시로 연출되었다. 오리엔탈화된 미국 도시 로스앤젤레스는 현실의 로스엔젤레스보다는 홍콩, 동경 등 아시아의 도시를 닮았으며, 포스트모더니즘의 문화 논리가 모더니즘의 오리엔탈리즘에 기원하고 있음을 보여준다.
도시 경관을 이분법적 공간 구조로 나누는 수직성과 수평성은 영화에서 오프 월드와 아시아인이 주로 거주하는 거리의 풍경으로 극적인 대비를 이룬다. 특히 마천루의 새로운 표면으로 드러난 미디어 파사드는 도시 경관의 중심을 고공으로 집중시키며, 이 과정에서 아시아인들은 소외되고, 타자화된 존재로 그려진다. 이러한 맥락에서 미디어 파사드는 도시 속의 스크린이 아니라 스크린 도시로서 포스트모던 도시 경관을 이해할 수 있게 하는 중요 징후로 해석된다. 포스트모던 도시의 주체는 도시 공간에서의 경험에 의해서가 아니라 스크린이 출력하는 이미지에 의해 형성되는 것이다. 따라서 미디어 파사드와 같은 스크린 실천은 포스트모던 도시 경관의 의미가 테크노 경관으로 변모하는 지점을 노출시킨다. 미디어 파사드는 속 오리엔탈화된 로스앤젤레스의 도시 경관 속에서 처음 시각화되어 미디어와 건축 결합의 선구자가 되었으며, 21세기 아시아 도시들의 실제 경관으로 실현 되었다. 결론적으로 속 포스트모던 경관에서의 스크린은 하이테크 시대 도시 경관이 포스트모더니즘으로서의 공상과학 영화와 맺고 있는 상관성에 대한 지정학적 관점의 중요성을 부각시킨다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.
An Experimental Comparison of Binary and Floating Point Representations in Genetic Algorithms. (1991)

This study investigates the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on the relationship between arteriolar PCO2 and cortical prostanoid production and on cerebrovascular responsiveness to elevated CO2 in newborn piglets. The response of pial arteries to hypercapnia (fractional inspired CO2 = 0.035 and 0.07) was studied in 18 anesthetized newborn piglets, 9 of which were pretreated with dexamethasone (2 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 36-48 h). Pial arterioles (77-122 microns diam) were monitored using a closed cranial window and intravital microscopy. Perivascular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sampled from the cortical surface and analyzed for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) using radioimmunoassay. In the dexamethasone-treated animals the increase in arteriolar diameter to CO2 was diminished by approximately 50% for each respective CO2 concentration vs. the control group. Acute sympathetic denervation did not restore the CO2 dilator response. Dexamethasone did not alter baseline cortical CSF prostanoid concentrations but abolished the CO2-induced increase in CSF prostanoids. The dilator response to exogenously applied prostaglandin E2 was inhibited in dexamethasone-treated animals. However, the dilator response to exogenous adenosine and the contractile response to prostaglandin F2 alpha were not altered in the dexamethasone-treated piglets. The data support the concept that metabolites of arachidonic acid participate in the cerebrovascular response to CO2 and suggest that glucocorticoid treatment may influence cerebrovascular tone via this mechanism.
Cancer cell death induced by novel small molecules degrading the TACC3 protein via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (2014)

The selective degradation of target proteins with small molecules is a novel approach to the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. We have developed a protein knockdown system with a series of hybrid small compounds that induce the selective degradation of target proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel small molecules called SNIPER(TACC3)s, which target the spindle regulatory protein transforming acidic coiled-coil-3 (TACC3). SNIPER(TACC3)s induce poly-ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TACC3 and reduce the TACC3 protein level in cells. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the ubiquitin ligase APC/C(CDH1) mediates the SNIPER(TACC3)-induced degradation of TACC3. Intriguingly, SNIPER(TACC3) selectively induced cell death in cancer cells expressing a larger amount of TACC3 protein than normal cells. These results suggest that protein knockdown of TACC3 by SNIPER(TACC3) is a potential strategy for treating cancers overexpressing the TACC3 protein.
A new cross correlation based double talk detection algorithm for nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation (2014)

Acoustic echo canceller (AEC) is present in mobile communication system which is a popular mode of personal communication systems. AECs are used to eliminate the echo which dampens the speech signal and reduces the efficiency of signal transmission. The major problems faced by AECs are non-linearity and double talk. Non-linearity occurs due to the use of low cost electronic loud speaker, microphones and poorly designed enclosures in an AEC framework. Non-linearity causes vibration and harmonic distortion and also degrades the speech quality. Double talk occurs when both near end and far end speakers are active at a time. A Double Talk Detector (DTD) senses the presence of the two remote end speakers and modifies the weights of the filter through an adaptive algorithm to prevent the divergence of the adaptive filter. Double talk detection algorithms like Geigel, cross correlation and optimized cross correlation DTD are used to improve the performance of AECs. In this paper a unique way is proposed for the use of cross correlation between the far end signal and the received signal to obtain an efficient algorithm for double talk detection. Variable Step Size Least Mean Square algorithm is used as the adaptive algorithm in the proposed method.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat: lessons in T‐cell immunology and autoreactivity (2001)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the rat is an acute paralytic disease from which most animals spontaneously recover. The disease can be induced in susceptible inbred Lewis and DA rats with myelin basic protein (MBP), or encephalitogenic MBP peptides administered in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The disease can be adoptively transferred to syngeneic recipients with primed T cells that have been reactivated in vitro with antigen. EAE is mediated by CD4+ Th1 cells that secrete proinflammatory cytokines, and spontaneous remission is associated with CD4+ T cells that secrete transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Studies of EAE in susceptible rats have provided many important insights into the interactions of T cells and accessory cells that culminate in the induction of the autoimmune response.
Inductance and capacitance analytic formulas forVLSI interconnects (1996)

A set of analytical formulas is derived for inductance and capacitance modelling of interconnect wirings in sub-half-micrometre VLSI circuits; they yield accurate estimates of propagation and rise times and of crosstalk noise for a wide range of geometries.
Closely-spaced transverse slots in rectangular waveguide (1959)

The traveling-wave modes associated with an infinite, periodic structure are considered. An approximate equation for the propagation constants of these modes is derived through the use of Fourier analysis and an approximate application of the reaction concept. In the homogeneous case considered, it is found that two dominant modes may exist: an attenuated fundamental mode representing a perturbation of the dominant mode of a closed rectangular waveguide, and an unattenuated surface wave, which is similar to the wave associated with a corrugated surface waveguide. By means of the appropriate variation of physical parameters, including the slot length and spacing, essentially independent control of the attenuation constant and phase velocity of the fundamental mode is possible over a wide range. Typical curves of the propagation constant in terms of these parameters are given, and the results of experimental measurements are shown to be in close agreement with the theory.
V-SMART-join (2012)

This work proposes V-SMART-Join , a scalable MapReduce-based framework for discovering all pairs of similar entities. The V-SMART-Join framework is applicable to sets, multisets, and vectors. V-SMART-Join is motivated by the observed skew in the underlying distributions of Internet traffic, and is a family of 2-stage algorithms, where the first stage computes and joins the partial results, and the second stage computes the similarity exactly for all candidate pairs. The V-SMART-Join algorithms are very efficient and scalable in the number of entities, as well as their cardinalities. They were up to 30 times faster than the state of the art algorithm, VCL , when compared on a real dataset of a small size. We also established the scalability of the proposed algorithms by running them on a dataset of a realistic size, on which VCL never succeeded to finish. Experiments were run using real datasets of IPs and cookies, where each IP is represented as a multiset of cookies, and the goal is to discover similar IPs to identify Internet proxies.
Discovery and SAR study of a sulfonamide hydroxamic acid inhibitor for the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain (2014)

Through the use of chemical synthesis and high throughput screening, we discovered a sulfonamide hydroxamic acid inhibitor for the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain. A structure activity relationship study of the parent inhibitor resulted in the synthesis of a new inhibitor with an IC<sub>50</sub>of 0.95 ± 0.60 μM for the BoNT/A LC.