gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Theory Behind the SOCRATES Code (1992)

Abstract : The SOCRATES contamination model is described at length. The model allows for unsteady or steady simulation of contamination aboard a spacecraft via the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The basis for the model is discussed, and sample calculations are given for an RCS engine firing at 320 kilometer altitude for three different orientations. These calculations are compared to visible data in the 6300 A region which is attributed to the forbidden transition between the O(1D) and O(3P) electronic states of atmospheric atomic oxygen.
Initial Design of Tension Leg Platform for Offshore Wind Farm (2011)

As a floating foundation for wind turbine, dynamic response of offshore structure to external forces should be as small as possible because the motion of the structure imposes inertial force to a wind turbine system. Generally, a TLP (Tension Leg Platform) has favorable characteristics that its dynamic response in waves is negligibly small compared to other type of floating foundation. Our conceptual design of TLP for wind turbine was carried out in consideration of mooring force and easy maintenance. Numerical analyses were performed on dynamic response and tension deviation of leg in waves, natural frequency of vibration, and dynamic response to seismic load. As a result, it is found that natural periods of heave and pitch are rather short and amplitudes of motions are very small. It is also found that it keeps sufficient safety factor to extreme environmental conditions including earthquake, and is free from resonance with a wind turbine system.
Nanoparticle-based Probes to Enable Noninvasive Imaging of Proteolytic Activity for Cancer Diagnosis (2016)

Proteases play a key role in tumor biology, with high expression levels often correlating with poor prognosis for cancer patients – making them excellent disease markers for tumor diagnosis. Despite their significance, quantifying proteolytic activity in vivo remains a challenge. Nanoparticles, with their ability to serve as scaffolds having unique chemical, optical and magnetic properties, offer the promise of merging diagnostic medicine with material engineering. Such nanoparticles can interact preferentially with proteases enriched in tumors, providing the ability to assess disease state in a noninvasive and spatiotemporal manner. We review recent advances in the development of nanoparticles for imaging and quantification of proteolytic activity in tumor models, and prognosticate future advancements.
Evidence for Tilted Smectic Liquid Crystalline Packing of fd <i>Inovirus</i> from X-ray Fiber Diffraction (1996)

Fibers of the fd strain of Inovirus (filamentous bacteriophage) prepared above its isoelectric point (about pH 4) give X-ray diffraction patterns, “higher pH patterns”, that differ from the patterns of fd fibers below the isoelectric point, “lower pH patterns”. The overall distribution of intensity on higher and lower pH patterns is substantially the same, indicating that the virion structure is substantially the same, but the crystalline reflections that define the packing of the virions in crystallites are different. For the lower pH patterns, the crystalline reflections can be indexed on a conventional hexagonal lattice. However, for the higher pH patterns, the crystalline reflections on the equator and first layer line are spread out in a broad, angular, but specific fashion (“layer-line fanning”), unlike disorientation spreading. We interpret this observation to mean that the crystallites in the higher pH fiber are tilted with respect to the fiber axis. This interpretation is supported by simulated fiber diffraction patterns calculated from models of the packing of tilted virions. The diffraction patterns from fibers of some mutants of fd, and from other wild-type strains of Inovirus (M13, IKe, If1), do not show layer-line fanning. We propose that the tilting of crystallites that gives rise to layer-line fanning in fd fibers is due both to a specific pattern of charge on the surface of the fd virion at higher pH and to the presence of a specific inter-subunit hydrogen bond. Apparently these features of the fd virion structure require a strict 2-fold screw axis along the virion axis that affects the packing between neighboring virions, resulting in the formation of a tilted smectic liquid crystal phase.
Soluble Oligo‐ and Polyphenylenes (1994)

Soluble main chain phenylene polymers and oligomers are much less well studied than their intractable relative poly( p ‐Phenylene). This review considers the synthesis and properties of poly( o ‐phenylene)s, poly( m ‐phenylene)s, and substituted polyphenylenes with alkyle‐, aryl‐, carbonyle‐, nitro‐, halo‐, fused aromatic, and ladder containing substituents, together with related compounds. The figure shows a planar polyphenylene derivative that can be obtained as a flexible free‐standing film. magnified image
Renal osteodystrophy; some therapeutic consideration relative to long-term dialysis and transplantation (1969)

This communication will review some of the therapeutic considerations of renal osteodystrophy in light of the material presented in this symposium. From the clinical point of view, the problem of renal osteodystrophy is twofold. First is the definition and pathogenesis. The process of skeletal alteration probably starts quite early in the course of renal disease and progresses with further deterioration of renal function. It includes features of vitamin D resistance or lack which would seem susceptible to early therapy. There is, however, a second clinical presentation of renal osteodystrophy that occurs predominantly in patients with advanced and long-standing uremia, and especially in patients whose life is extended by dialysis. Most of our experience with renal osteodystrophy has been with this latter disease—a process which seemingly developed under our direct observation. This form of renal osteodystrophy may progress rapidly, particularly in patients treated with long-term dialysis and seems to be due
Improving Performance of Cryogenic Power Electronics (2005)

Cryogenic Power Electronics (CPE) provides promising benefits for power conditioning system compared to their room-temperature counterparts in terms of reduced size and weight (increased power density), improved efficiency, improved switching speed, and improved reliability. Active devices such as semiconductor switches can exhibit performance improvements such as reduced conduction losses, higher switching speed, reduced diode reverse recovery, greater device gain, higher over-current capability, and increased power levels. Passive devices (inductors, capacitors, interconnects) will also improve by the lowered resistance of their constituent metal conductors or the use of superconductors. This paper aims to review the present status of CPE and to provide an outlook on emerging device technologies that are gaining in interest. Advanced power electronic packaging/interconnect methods that adapt well to cryogenics and help further improve system performance is discussed. Given improved and known device and interconnect properties, the system designer can develop the best circuit topologies for maximum CPE system performance.
Chemical Reaction Networks for Computing Polynomials (2016)

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) provide a fundamental model in the study of molecular systems. Widely used as formalism for the analysis of chemical and biochemical systems, CRNs have received renewed attention as a model for molecular computation. This paper demonstrates that, with a new encoding, CRNs can compute any set of polynomial functions subject only to the limitation that these functions must map the unit interval to itself. These polynomials can be expressed as linear combinations of Bernstein basis polynomials with positive coefficients less than or equal to 1. In the proposed encoding approach, each variable is represented using two molecular types: a type-0 and a type-1. The value is the ratio of the concentration of type-1 molecules to the sum of the concentrations of type-0 and type-1 molecules. The proposed encoding naturally exploits the expansion of a power-form polynomial into a Bernstein polynomial. Molecular encoders for converting any input in a standard representation to the fractional representation as well as decoders for converting the computed output from the fractional to a standard representation are presented. The method is illustrated first for generic CRNs; then chemical reactions designed for an example are mapped to DNA strand-displacement reactions.
Portable power source needs of the future army-batteries and fuel cells (2002)

This paper describes the US Army's future needs for silent portable power in the area of batteries and fuel cells. These needs will continue to increase as a result of the introduction of newer types of equipment, the increasing digitization of the battlefield, and future integrated Soldier Systems. Current battery programs are aimed at improved, low-cost primary batteries, and rechargeable batteries with increased energy densities. The Army fuel cell program aimed at portable systems capable of the order of 150 W is also described.
Characterization of genomic imbalances in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma by detailed SNP‐chip analysis (2014)

The pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) is only partly understood. We analyzed 148 DLBCL by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-chips to characterize genomic imbalances. Seventy-nine cases were of the germinal center B-cell like (GCB) type of DLBCL, 49 of the activated B-cell like (ABC) subtype and 20 were unclassified DLBCL. Twenty-four regions of recurrent genomic gains and 38 regions of recurrent genomic losses were identified over the whole cohort, with a median of 25 imbalances per case for ABC-DLBCL and 19 per case for GCB-DLBCL. Several recurrent copy number changes showed differential frequencies in the GCB- and ABC-DLBCL subgroups, including gains of HDAC7A predominantly in GCB-DLBCL (38% of cases) and losses of BACH2 and CASP8AP2 predominantly in ABC-DLBCL (35%), hinting at disparate pathogenetic mechanisms in these entities. Correlating gene expression and copy number revealed a strong gene dosage effect in all tumors, with 34% of probesets showing a concordant expression change in affected regions. Two new potential tumor suppressor genes emerging from the analysis, CASP3 and IL5RA, were sequenced in ten and 16 candidate cases, respectively. However, no mutations were found, pointing to a potential haploinsufficiency effect of these genes, considering their reduced expression in cases with deletions. Our study thus describes differences and similarities in the landscape of genomic aberrations in the DLBCL subgroups in a large collection of cases, confirming already known targets, but also discovering novel copy number changes with possible pathogenetic relevance.
Recommendation for block cipher modes of operation : (2007)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, administrative, and management standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidance, and outreach efforts in computer security, and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations.
The Effect of Nafarelin Acetate, a Luteinizing-Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist, on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1989)

No AccessJournal of UrologyVoiding Function and Dysfunction1 Mar 1989The Effect of Nafarelin Acetate, a Luteinizing-Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist, on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia C.A. Peters, and P.C. Walsh C.A. PetersC.A. Peters More articles by this author , and P.C. WalshP.C. Walsh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40974-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "The Effect of Nafarelin Acetate, a Luteinizing-Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist, on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." The Journal of Urology, 141(3 Part 1), pp. 691–692 © 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 141Issue 3 Part 1March 1989Page: 691-692 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information C.A. Peters More articles by this author P.C. Walsh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
An animal model for the study of arterial thrombosis. (1989)

1. Thrombus formation induced by electrical stimulation of the carotid artery was investigated in anesthetized rabbits and rats. Occlusive Grade III thrombi were produced consistently in 34 normal New Zealand rabbits and 58 untreated albino Wistar rats. Thrombus formation was monitored continuously in some of the animals with a magnetic flowmeter or a thermistor probe applied on the carotid. 2. The usefulness of the model for the screening of drugs was tested by treating the animals with warfarin, heparin, prostacyclin (PGI2), dihydroprostacyclin (DiHPGI2), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). 3. All of the drugs except warfarin were infused continuously into the venous circulation during the entire experimental period at a rate of 0.2 ml/min. 4. Warfarin (10 mg/kg), administered by gavage 24 h before the experiment, prevented thrombus formation, as did heparin iv (greater than 34 U/kg). 5. Of the four platelet antiaggregatory prostaglandins tested, PGI2 was the most potent inhibitor of thrombus formation and DiHPGI2 the least active, as evaluated by visual inspection of stimulated arterial segments which were excised 30 min (rabbits) or 15 min (rats) after the stimulation was stopped. PGI2 was less active in rats than in rabbits (Threshold Protective Dose ratio ca. 4:1). PGE1 and PGD2 showed intermediate activity in both animal models.
The Regulation of Myocardial Perfusion in Health and Disease (1988)

The regulation of myocardial perfusion is a multifaceted process with major roles attributable to metabolic and hormonal factors, to extravascular compressive forces, and to autoregulation. Understanding of these complex interactions is enhanced by a growing knowledge of the coronary collateral circulation and of the effects of cardiac hypertrophy and coronary obstruction on coronary reserve.
Radiometric Location of Partial Discharge Sources on Energized High-Voltage Plant (2005)

Partial discharges (PD) generate wideband radio frequency interference and, consequently, can be detected using radio receiving equipment. Due to the advances in ultra-high-speed sampling equipment, it is possible to accurately measure the propagation of the PD wavefront as it passes through a 4 element antenna array. From these measurements, the three-dimensional position of the PD source can be calculated using an iterative algorithm. The locating equipment is suitable for use within the vicinity of energized high-voltage plant and can locate sources up to 15 m from the array. Results are presented showing the location ability of the equipment under laboratory and field conditions. A significant advantage is the ability to detect PD sources in energized plant without the need for outages or electrical connections.
Question answering based on temporal inference (2005)

Answering questions that ask about temporal information involves several forms of inference. First, relations between events and temporal expressions need to be inferred, either in the question or in the answer. Second, semantic inference between events, entities and their definitions needs to be performed. Sometimes, semantic inference employs aspectual information to relate events expressed by different lexical units. Third, temporal inference is preconditioned by relations between events, or between events, their arguments and their time anchors. In this paper we present a Question Answering (QA) methodology for handling temporal inference by combining all these forms of inference.
Anticipatory Eye Movements While Watching Continuous Action Across Shots in Video Sequences: A Developmental Study (2016)

Eye movements were recorded as 12-month-olds (n = 15), 4-year-olds (n = 17), and adults (n = 19) watched a 15-min video with sequences of shots conveying continuous motion. The central question was whether, and at what age, viewers anticipate the reappearance of objects following cuts to new shots. Adults were more likely than younger viewers to make anticipatory eye movements. Four-year-olds responded to transitions more slowly and tended to fixate the center of the screen. Infants' eye movement patterns reflected a tendency to react rather than anticipate. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adults integrate content across shots and understand how space is represented in edited video. Results are interpreted with respect to a developing understanding of film editing due to experience and cognitive maturation.
Automated parking area optimization for garage construction using geometric algorithm (2017)

The parking space is one of the crucial problems in the urban city. Most buildings have parking facilities for residents and visitors. The common parking patterns are parallel parking, perpendicular parking and angular parking. Parallel parking is a common design for street side parking whereas perpendicular parking and angular parking are a common design for garages. Angular parking is easy to park than other types. A typical parking space for a personal car is 3 meters in width and 6 meters in length. The parking space have limitation but the number of car increasing along with the economic growth [7]. So the parking space should accommodate the maximum number of car. Normally, the parking space configuration is designed by architects or construction engineers because it's required technical knowledge to calculate a number of car and parking pattern. In parking area, there must be an alleyway for cars to enter and exits. This study is to design and implement a calculation model for number of car and parking pattern in the specified parking area. In the calculation, the dimension and the specific condition of parking area is require. The model calculate the maximum number of car and also calculate the parking pattern for the parking area. This model is use to support non-technical user during the parking area design and can be as engine to develop mobile application for general user in the future.
Evaporation of Water in Air, Humid Air, and Superheated Steam (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaporation of Water in Air, Humid Air, and Superheated SteamTetsuo Yoshida and Tsutomu HyõdõCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1970, 9, 2, 207–214Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260034a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i260034a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1009Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Changes in systolic time intervals in acute myocardial infarction. (1970)

After acute myocardial infarction there is a shortening of the QS2 interval and the ejection time. The pre-ejection time is either normal or prolonged. After the stage of maximum shortening of the QS2 interval and ejection time, there is a progressive improvement towards the normal. In this study there was no correlation between the shortened QS2 interval and ejection time, and the level of urinary catecholamine excretion. The physiological and clinical significance of these changes in the systolic time intervals and their relation to the altered haemodynamics and mechanics are discussed.
China's External Surplus: Simulations with a Global Macroeconomic Model (2010)

The paper analyses China's external position in a multi-region macroeconomic model of the world economy. The model includes a portfolio structure and Forex intervention to proxy net/gross and government/non-government foreign asset positions, capital controls and exchange rate management in China. The selected set of transition and globalisation shocks replicates China's external position well, suggesting that it reflects capital exports driven by shifts in domestic saving supply, rather than shifts in foreign saving demand. The simulations also highlight the importance of effective capital controls for the viability of China's exchange rate management. Finally, the analysis suggests that enhanced flexibility of the RMB exchange rate could reduce China's net creditor position.
Relevance of Prostaglandins in True Menstrual Migraine (1989)

Eighteen patients suffering from true menstrual migraine and 12 control subjects were studied. We evaluated in different phases of the menstrual cycle and during the migraine crisis the peripheral plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of PGI2), thromboxane B2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2), PGF2 alpha and PGE2. The mean values of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in menstrual migraine sufferers are lower than in normal women throughout the whole cycle. The difference between the trends observed in the two groups is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The plasma levels of TXB2 and of PGF2 alpha are similar in the two groups investigated, both in basal conditions and during the attack. The plasma concentrations of PGE2 are slightly lower in migraineurs in basal conditions than in normals. However, during the crisis they increase significantly (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, among all the parameters considered, PGE2 seems to play the most important role during the pain phase of the attack. The results of the present study suggest that a deficit of PGI2, one of the most important protecting agents against ischemia, might be a typical feature of menstrual migraine and might cause in these patients a vascular hypersensitivity to different ischemic stimuli.