gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of document format identification based on table structure (2003)

A method to identify formatted documents through table structure is described. This method extracts connected components of white pixels in documents for identification, using a subspace classification method. The effectiveness of this method is discussed. The authors focus on the discriminant functions of this classification and consider the applicability of the method for practical use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acrylic anhydrides and polymers derived therefrom (1964)

Abstract The free‐radical polymerization of four acrylic anhydrides—methacrylic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, acrylic methacrylic anhydride, and acrylic propionic anhydride—under a variety of conditions has been studied. The polymers and their polyacid and polyester derivatives were characterized by solubility, infrared spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction. Methacrylic anhydride could be polymerized in bulk and in hydrocarbon solvents from −50°C. to 80°C. to give soluble, linear cyclopolymers in high conversions. In a polar solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, gelation would result at high monomer concentrations and at high conversions. Acrylic anhydride, however, appeared to become crosslinked more readily; soluble polymers could be obtained only by polymerization in nonpolar solvents. Most of the previous and somewhat conflicting results on the cyclopolymerization of these two monomers can now be reconciled by the present findings. The physical properties of cast poly(methacrylic anhydride) suggest that it has a stiff backbone with hindered functional groups and that the monomer itself was perhaps intramolecularly associated. Some improvements in the aqueous hydrolysis of poly(methacrylic anhydride) and in the esterification of the derived polyacid by diazomethane were described. By these refinements, poly(methyl methacrylate), derived from a −50°C. poly(methacrylic anhydride), had previously been shown to possess a novel, mixed syndiotactic and syndioduotactic (++−−++−−) configuration. Acrylic methacrylic anhydride could be cyclopolymerized very much like methacrylic anhydride. The polyacid and polyester derived from this unsymmetrical anhydride are expected to have unique structures; the acrylic or methacrylic units in the derivatives do not occur more than twice in succession. Acrylic propionic anhydride, when homopolymerized, readily changed to a soluble polymer and an unidentified, immiscible liquid. Its soluble copolymer with methyl methacrylate, however, could be crosslinked by heating. An intramolecular and intermolecular disproportionation reaction was postulated to explain these two interesting observations, respectively.
CIM-based GMD method for power system modeling (2003)

GMD is a WYSWYG (What You See is What You Get) method for power system modeling that makes the graph, model and database unified; the traditional GMD is based on the special and private information model and models cannot be exchanged or merged between different sources. With the adoption of standard IEC 61970, GMD should be based on the common information model (CIM) to enable development the "plug-in" applications and the interoperable systems. This method is called CIM-based GMD. This paper presents the basic principle of GMD and compares the traditional GMD with CIM-based GMD at first, then discusses the key technologies of CIM-based GMD. Finally, the paper points out that CIM-based GMD had better use the realtime database with orient-object, relational and hierarchy characteristics, form much more information automatically as possible and validate models with artificial intelligence knowledge to make sure that applications process models correctly.
mRNA Instability Elements in the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 L2 Coding Region (1998)

Human papillomavirus capsid proteins L1 and L2 are detected only in terminally differentiated cells, indicating that expression of the L1 and L2 genes is blocked in dividing cells. The results presented here establish that the human papillomavirus type 16 L2 coding region contains cis-acting inhibitory sequences. When placed downstream of a reporter gene, the human papillomavirus type 16 L2 sequence reduced both mRNA and protein levels in an orientation-dependent manner. Deletion analysis revealed that the L2 sequence contains two cis-acting inhibitory RNA regions. We identified an inhibitory region in the 5'-most 845 nucleotides of L2 that acted by reducing cytoplasmic mRNA stability and a second, weaker inhibitory region in the 3' end of L2. In contrast, human papillomavirus type 1 L1 and L2 genes did not encode strong inhibitory sequences. This result is consistent with observations of high virus production in human papillomavirus type 1-infected tissue, whereas only low levels of human papillomavirus type 16 virions are detectable in infected epithelium. The presence of inhibitory sequences in the L1 and L2 mRNAs may aid the virus in avoiding the host immunosurveillance and in establishing persistent infections.
Evidence for a Major Gene Influence on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression in Tuberculosis: Path and Segregation Analysis (2005)

Our data further support TNFalpha as an endophenotype for TB, as it may increase power to detect disease-predisposing loci.
A new methodology of continuous and noninvasive blood pressure measurement by pulse wave velocity (2010)

Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important physiological parameters reflecting cardiovascular status of people. Continuous and non-invasive BP measurement, which can provide beat-to-beat BP information and call attention to the doctor if the patent is in danger during surgery, plays a very important role in safety control in operation and intensive care. In this paper, a novel and complete methodology of continuous and non-invasive BP measurement by PWV without calibration by other methods such as cuff sphygmomanometer is proposed. Critical parts of this study include modeling BP-PWV relationship and identifying two PWVs relative to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) respectively. Some benchmark models for 20-year-old and 60-year-old age groups are developed and applied to BP measurement in clinical trials. The clinically obtained results meet the test standard in ANSI/AAMI SP10, which attests the feasibility of the measuring method. Lastly, the continuous SBP and DBP measurement results by PWV method are shown.
Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis treated by oral methotrexate: a case report and review of literature (2007)

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP) is a rare clinical entity, characterized by a chronic inflammation causing thickening of the dura. Adequate therapeutic management is still a matter of debate. We present a patient with an IHCP, non-responsive to corticotherapy. Oral methotrexate was introduced (12.5 mg weekly) and total remission was observed after 6 weeks, both clinically and after neuro-imaging. We conclude that methotrexate can be effective and a therapeutical option in patients with IHCP who are resistant to corticotherapy or present major side-effects of chronic corticosteroids use.
Nuclear transfer of porcine embryos using cryopreserved delipated blastomeres as donor nuclei (1997)

Nuclear transfer protocol for the pig using cryopreserved delipated four- to eight-cell and morula stage embryos as nucleus donors was developed. Donor embryos, which had been delipated by micromanipulation following centrifugation for polarizing cytoplasmic lipid droplets, were cryopreserved with 1.5 M 1,2-propanediol and 0.1 M sucrose. Recipient cytoplasts were prepared from ovulated oocytes. Activation of oocytes could be induced more efficiently when electric stimulation was given 53 hr after the hCG injection or later (66-83%), compared with 52 hr or earlier (11-16%, P < 0.05), suggesting that aging after ovulation may be required for in vivo matured porcine oocytes to be activated by electric stimuli. Membrane fusion rates between donor blastomeres and enucleated oocytes were 88% (127/144) and 97% (56/58, P > 0.05) for the four- to eight-cell and morula stage embryos, respectively. In vitro developmental rates to the two-cell (53/100 vs. 35/65), four-cell (34/100 vs. 26/65), and morula stage (17/100 vs. 18/65) were the same between the nuclear transfer embryos with four- to eight-cell and morula nuclei. However, more embryos reconstituted with morula nuclei developed to blastocysts (15% vs. 6%, P < 0.05). These data demonstrated that blastomeres of cryopreserved, delipated porcine embryos can be used as donor nuclei for nuclear transfer. Frozen-thawed, delipated blastomeres can be efficiently isolated and fused, and therefore provide a useful source of donor nuclei.
Energetics of biological macromolecules (1995)

This volume focuses on methods related to allosteric enzymes and receptors, including fluorescent proves, spectroscopic methods and quantitative analysis as well as on cooperativity in protein folding. NMR and mass spectrometry methods are discussed. The key features include: Allosteric Enzymes and Receptors; and Cooperativity in Protein Folding and Assembly.
INACTIVATION OF MICROORGANISMS BY CARBON DIOXIDE UNDER PRESSURE (1989)

ABSTRACT Carbon dioxide under pressure killed bacteria, molds, and yeast. The effect was synergistic with raised temperature and acidic pH and antagonized by lowered A w . Time of exposure was important, and conditions needed for the inactivation of different microbes varied, some organisms being much more resistant than others. The effect was tested on various foods, but disrupted the texture of some. Clostridial spores were very recalcitrant, but could be destroyed by further lowering the pH along with concurrent exposure at 70°C. The pH in media under pressure was measured and theories advanced for the antimicrobial effect.
Tort Law - Merchant's Duty to Protect Invitees from Third-Party Criminal Acts (1982)

Remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis is a very rare condition characterized by persistent systemic cyanotic or erythrocyanotic discoloration of hands and feet. It is associated with pain, tenderness of fingers and toes and may present as ulceration or gangrene of extremities. It is aggravated with cold exposure but persists even in summer. Acrocyanosis is not due to any systemic disease; peripheral arteriolar constriction with secondary vasodilatation due to disordered vascular tone of unknown etiology has been postulated. It responds to peripheral vasodilator drug but usually needs continuous long term therapy along with avoidance of cold exposure. We report the case of a 53-year-old male farmer with remittent necrotizing acrocyanosis.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Nigelladine A via Late-Stage C–H Oxidation Enabled by an Engineered P450 Enzyme (2017)

An enantioselective total synthesis of the norditerpenoid alkaloid nigelladine A is described. Strategically, the synthesis relies on a late-stage C-H oxidation of an advanced intermediate. While traditional chemical methods failed to deliver the desired outcome, an engineered cytochrome P450 enzyme was employed to effect a chemo- and regioselective allylic C-H oxidation in the presence of four oxidizable positions. The enzyme variant was readily identified from a focused library of three enzymes, allowing for completion of the synthesis without the need for extensive screening.
A 65 nm Low-Power Adaptive-Coupling Redundant Flip-Flop (2013)

We propose a low-power redundant flip-flop to be operated with high reliability over 1 GHz clock frequency based on the low-power (ACFF) and the highly-reliable (BCDMR) flip-flops. Its power dissipation is almost equivalent to the transmission-gate FF at 10% data activity while paying 3 × area penalty. Experiments by α-particle and neutron irradiation reveal its highly-reliable operations with no error at 1.2 V and 1 GHz. We measured five different process corner chips by α irradiation. Soft error rates are almost equivalent in these corner chips.
Cyclodextrins in Polymer Synthesis:  Free-Radical Polymerization of Methylated β-Cyclodextrin Complexes of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene Controlled by <i>N</i>-Acetyl-<scp>l</scp>-cysteine as a Chain-Transfer Agent in Aqueous Medium (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTCyclodextrins in Polymer Synthesis: Free-Radical Polymerization of Methylated β-Cyclodextrin Complexes of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene Controlled by N-Acetyl-l-cysteine as a Chain-Transfer Agent in Aqueous MediumPatrick Glöckner, Nadine Metz, and Helmut RitterView Author Information University of Mainz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Duesberg-Weg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 11, 4288–4290Publication Date (Web):May 5, 2000Publication History Received30 November 1999Revised21 February 2000Published online5 May 2000Published inissue 1 May 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma992012ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma992012ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Monomers,Organic compounds,Polymerization,Polymers,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Integrated Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Low Buffer Aggregated Passive Optical Network Systems (2015)

The relentless increase in network capacity is making it important to reduce power consumption. In optical access network systems, the buffer size in layer-2 switches, which aggregate multiple passive optical network systems, is expanding as the network speed increases, and the buffer is now significant in terms of power consumption. An effective way to reduce the buffer size is to adopt dynamic bandwidth allocation for a layer-2 switch; however, this leads to low bandwidth efficiency. In this paper, we propose a dynamic bandwidth allocation framework that is suitable for application to a layer-2 switch. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by both computer simulations and experiments, and it is shown that the proposed scheme provides better performance than the conventional scheme with regard to buffer size with high bandwidth efficiency.
Ankle mechanics during sidestep cutting implicates need for 2-degrees of freedom powered ankle-foot prostheses (2015)

The ankle joint of currently available powered prostheses is capable of controlling one degree of freedom (DOF), focusing on improved mobility in the sagittal plane. To increase agility, the requirements of turning in prosthesis design need to be considered. Ankle kinematics and kinetics were studied during sidestep cutting and straight walking. There were no significant differences between the ankle sagittal plane mechanics when comparing sidestep cutting and straight walking; however, significant differences were observed in ankle frontal plane mechanics. During straight walking, the inversion-eversion (IE) angles were smaller than with sidestep cutting. The ankle that initiated the sidestep cutting showed progressively increasing inversion from 2 to 13 degrees while the following contralateral step showed progressively decreasing inversion from 8 to -4 degrees during normal walking speed. The changes in IE kinematics were the most significant during sidestep cutting compared with straight walking. The IE moments of the step that initiated the sidestep cutting were always in eversion, acting as a braking moment opposing the inverting motion. This suggests that an ankle-foot prosthesis with active DOFs in the sagittal and frontal planes will increase the agility of gait for patients with limb loss.
Evaluation of <i>Eucalyptus </i><i>globulus</i> Wood Processing in Media Made up of Formic Acid, Water, and Hydrogen Peroxide for Dissolving Pulp Production (2000)

Eucalyptus globulus wood samples were reacted with formic acid, water, and hydrogen peroxide (first stage of treatment). After the desired reaction times, the temperature was raised, and isothermal treatments (second stage) were carried out in the same media. This operational procedure (which followed the philosophy of the two-stage Milox process) was assessed by means of second-order models describing the interrelationships among the main operational variables and both the composition and technical properties of the pulps. The concentrations of xylose and furfural in the pulping liquors were also considered as experimental variables, since these compounds have commercial value. Optimized pulping conditions were selected from the model predictions. Bleacheable pulps (containing 89% cellulose and 2.2% xylan) were obtained under these conditions, at good pulp yield (51.2%) and with a favorable kappa number (23.9). The results achieved for SCAN viscosity (1045 mL/g) and alkaline resistance (R-10 test = 90.4%; R-18 test = 93.9%) confirmed the quality of the pulps.
Perfectly blazed triangular groove reflection gratings (1984)

An experimental and numerical verification of profiles predicted by Cheo et al. [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.67, 1686 ( 1977)] for simultaneous TE- and TM-blazed triangular groove gratings is given. Corrected values also presented. The experimental results at 35 GHz show an n = −1 order diffraction efficiency as high as 99.9% for both polarizations. The numerical results for scattering by a perfectly conducting strip with six corrugations show a diffraction efficiency of about 97%.
Korea's Move to e-Procurement (2004)

In 1997 the Korean government began\n reforming its notoriously complicated, nontransparent,\n corrupt public procurement system, introducing e-procurement\n to exploit the country's well-developed information and\n communications infrastructure. Through extensive business\n process reengineering and information strategy planning, the\n Public Procurement Service-the agency formerly responsible\n for buying government goods and services-has been\n transformed into a one-stop information center.\n E-procurement has generated numerous benefits, including:\n Enhanced transparency and public trust-by reducing contacts\n between officials and suppliers and by sharing information\n between government agencies and the public. Increased\n managerial efficiency-by achieving economies of scale in\n procurement, with an estimated $2.5 billion a year in\n savings from the $26 million investment. This note analyzes\n how Korea achieved these outcomes, the lessons of its\n experience, and the challenges that remain for its\n e-procurement system.
TCP Cookie Transactions (TCPCT) (2011)

TCP Cookie Transactions (TCPCT) deter spoofing of connections and prevent resource exhaustion, eliminating Responder (server) state during the initial handshake. The Initiator (client) has sole responsibility for ensuring required delays between connections. The cookie exchange may carry data, limited to inhibit amplification and reflection denial of service attacks.
Some notes on feedback suppression with adaptive filters in hearing aids (2002)

This paper discusses some important issues concerning feedback cancellation in hearing aids using adaptive filters. We summarize the main benefits of an anti-feedback system and comment on the pros and cons of a frequency-domain implementation. The length of the adaptive filter is dealt with and important delay elements in the algorithm are described. Finally, we comment on the problem of adaptation in the presence of uncorrelated additive noise which, in this case, is the desired input signal to the hearing aid.
The comparative measurements of eyestrain caused by 2D and 3D displays (2010)

The problem of eyestrain caused by 3D display becomes a major topic of discussion. However, there has been no previous research to compare the eyestrain caused by 2D and 3D displays, objectively. In this study, we measured the frequency of blinking using a near-infrared pupil detection device to quantitatively compare the amount of eyestrain caused when watching the two types of displays, on the basis that more frequent blinking indicates greater eyestrain. Our research is novel in the following three ways. First, the eyestrain that occurs when watching 2D and 3D displays are quantitatively compared by using eye blink frequency. Second, the significances of two factors (kind of display, and the Z distance of watching display) and their interaction effect are calculated by using 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sup> factorial design analysis. Third, the correlation between objective tests based on blink frequency and subjective tests based on a survey is measured. The experimental results showed that the amount of eyestrain when watching a 3D display, especially at short viewing distances, was higher. High correlation between the quantitative results and subjective assessments collected using a questionnaire survey showed that blinking frequency is a reliable measure. Further, the developed pupil tracking device and blinking-rate-based measurement can be easily adapted to commercial glasses-based 3D display systems.
The Regulation of Rubisco Activity in Response to Variation in Temperature and Atmospheric CO2 Partial Pressure in Sweet Potato (2005)

The temperature response of net CO(2) assimilation rate (A), the rate of whole-chain electron transport, the activity and activation state of Rubisco, and the pool sizes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) were assessed in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) grown under greenhouse conditions. Above the thermal optimum of photosynthesis, the activation state of Rubisco declined with increasing temperature. Doubling CO(2) above 370 mubar further reduced the activation state, while reducing CO(2) by one-half increased it. At cool temperature (<16 degrees C), the activation state of Rubisco declined at CO(2) levels where photosynthesis was unaffected by a 90% reduction in O(2) content. Reduction of the partial pressure of CO(2) at cool temperature also enhanced the activation state of Rubisco. The rate of electron transport showed a pronounced temperature response with the same temperature optimum as A at elevated CO(2). RuBP pool size and the RuBP-to-PGA ratio declined with increasing temperature. Increasing CO(2) also reduced the RuBP pool size. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduction in the activation state of Rubisco at high and low temperature is a regulated response to a limitation in one of the processes contributing to the rate of RuBP regeneration. To further evaluate this possibility, we used measured estimates of Rubisco capacity, electron transport capacity, and the inorganic phosphate regeneration capacity to model the response of A to temperature. At elevated CO(2), the activation state of Rubisco declined at high temperatures where electron transport capacity was predicted to be limiting, and at cooler temperatures where the inorganic phosphate regeneration capacity was limiting. At low CO(2), where Rubisco capacity was predicted to limit photosynthesis, full activation of Rubisco was observed at all measurement temperatures.