gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Looking at Life in a Different Light: The Branding of Australia (2004)

During the early 1970s, at a time when Australia House in London's The Strand was pushing Brits to distant shores for ten pounds, you'd think the Australian Embassy in Paris would have had some decent persuasive literature. They didn't.
Rib waveguide switches with MOS electrooptic control for monolithic integrated optics in GaAs-Al_xGa_1−xAs (1978)

Low-loss (1.4-cm(-1)) single-mode rib waveguides in Al(x)Ga(1-x)As heterostructures are fabricated by liquid phase epitaxy, double anodization, and photolithographic techniques. Switching of optical channels between adjacent waveguides is accomplished with directional coupler switches controlled with electrodes laid over an isolating dielectric, making a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) configuration. Complete switching is achieved with <20 V applied to a stepped Deltabetareversal electrode configuration. A 2 x 4 switching matrix with low-loss lateral offsets of the waveguides is demonstrated. By laying out several optical switching and guiding experiments within a 128-mum stripe, we show that independent optical circuits can be packed with adequate optical isolation using centerline separations approximately 10 microm.
Estimating power dissipation in VLSI circuits (1994)

With the shift to low power IC design for personal computing and communication applications, designers' priorities turn to accurate and efficient estimation of power consumption in ICs. Traditional current and power estimation techniques based on a SPICE-like simulation do not provide the necessary efficiency for such an application, and thus new approaches have been recently proposed. In this, the first of a series of articles that reflect the new orientation of this column, Professor Farid Najm of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign presents an overview of different techniques for estimating power consumption in large-scale IC designs. He also discusses computer aided design tools to help in the task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of regression and neural network models for prediction of inspection profiles for aging aircraft (1997)

Abstract Currently under phase 2 development by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Safety Performance Analysis System (SPAS) contains ‘alert’ indicators of aircraft safety performance that can signal potential problem areas for inspectors. The Service Difficulty Reporting (SDR) system is one component of SPAS and contains data related to the identification of abnormal, potentially unsafe conditions in aircraft and/or aircraft components/equipment. SPAS contains performance indicators to assist safety inspectors in diagnosing an airline's safety ‘profile’ compared with others in the same peer class. This paper details the development of SDR prediction models for the DC-9 aircraft by analyzing sample data from the SDR database that have been merged with aircraft utilization data. Both multiple regression and neural networks are used to create prediction models for the overall number of SDRs and for SDR cracking and corrosion cases. These prediction models establish a range for the number of SDRs outside which safety advisory warnings would be issued. It appears that a data ‘grouping’ strategy to create aircraft ‘profiles’ is very effective at enhancing the predictive accuracy of the models. The results from each competing modeling approach are compared and managerial implications to improve the SDR performance indicator in SPAS are provided.
Radioresponse of Thymomas Verified with Histologic Response (1998)

Patterns of radiologic response of 10 thymomas treated by preoperative radiotherapy (RT) (18-20 Gy/2 weeks) were determined in conjunction with histologic response. Changes in tumor volume were evaluated with CT scans obtained 5 to 36 days before and 14 to 24 days after the initiation of RT and before surgery. The extent of tumor volume reduction (TR) varied widely (40-78%), while the mean daily volume decrement expressed as a percentage of the pre-RT tumor volume correlated significantly with the pre-RT tumor volume. Histologically, the tumors, all of which were resected 17 to 33 days after RT initiation, generally consisted of predominant fibrous tissues, rare necrotic foci, and few epithelial cells. The TR did not correlate with pre-RT tumor volume, observation period, histologic subtype, or quantity of remaining epithelial cells. The TR of thymomas does not predict RT impact on tumor cells but does reflect the quantity of inherent tumor stroma.
Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheets for the Electrodes of Organic Solar Cells (2011)

Aligned carbon nanotube sheets are developed as a new family of electrodes to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells. The energy conversion efficiency of the resulting cell is higher than the randomly dispersed carbon nanotube film and comparable with the platinum. Novel and flexible solar cells can be easily made from such carbon nanotube sheets with high potentials.
Left Atrial Ablation at the Anatomic Areas of Ganglionated Plexi for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2010)

Regional ablation at the anatomic sites of the left atrial GP can be safely performed and enables maintenance of sinus rhythm in 71% of patients with paroxysmal AF for a 12-month period.
Essentials of nuclear medicine imaging. 3rd edition (1991)

This book covers topics ranging from basic physics and instrumentation to various aspects of clinical imaging and regulatory issues. It includes a section on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The clinical sections include newer aspects of nuclear medicine, such as antibody imaging, pharmacologic stress, bone mineral analysis, evaluation of renovascular hypertension, and the role of gallium in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
IoT device management framework for smart home scenarios (2015)

The paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires pervasive connectivity to billions of heterogeneous devices. In recent time, rapid growth of IoT devices in smart home environment envisioned a wide range of novel services and applications. However, due to the inherent heterogeneity, home environment is becoming complex making device management extremely difficult. This paper proposes a lightweight IoT device management framework for smart home services. The framework can be deployed at home gateways and consumer smart devices. A prototype implementation and performance evaluation results are also presented.
THE DESIGN OF THE CMOS CURRENT-MODE GENERAL-PURPOSE ANALOG PROCESSOR (1994)

A CMOS generic analog processor, using the current-mode design technique, is described. The processor integrates various functions frequently used in analog computing and signal processing. Its operation can be programmed by digital control signals. Furthermore, it provides serial output as well as parallel outputs, and can be expanded to a larger system by connecting the serial ports of the chip sets together. An experimental chip fabricated using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process can perform generic functions up to 5M operations per second. The chip has an area less than 3 mm/sup 2/. >
Piezoelectric modal sensor/actuator pairs for critical active damping vibration control (1991)

Incorporating the piezoelectric effect into classical laminate plate theory, distributed sensors and actuators capable of sensing and controlling the modal vibration of a one-dimensional cantilever plate are derived theoretically and verified experimentally. It is shown that critical damping of a particular mode can be achieved using such a modal sensor/actuator combination as long as the vibrational amplitude of the controlled structure does not saturate the modal actuator. Since the sensor signal is proportional to the modal coordinate time derivative, velocity feedback control can be employed without using any element tuned to the resonant frequency in the feedback controller. Therefore, the sensitivity of the closed-loop performance and stability to resonant frequency variations is minimized. By eliminating electromagnetic interference and ground loop noise, critical damping is experimentally demonstrated for the first mode of a one-dimensional cantilever plate using PVF2 as the sensor/actuator material.
<title>Adaptive multisource streaming in heterogeneous peer-to-peer networks</title> (2005)

This paper presents design and evaluation of an adaptive streaming mechanism from multiple senders to a single receiver in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, called P2P Adaptive Layered Streaming, or <i>PALS</i>. <i>PALS</i> is a receiver-driven mechanism. It enables a receiver peer to orchestrate quality adaptive streaming of a single, layer encoded video stream from multiple congestion controlled senders, and is able to support a spectrum of non-interactive streaming applications. The primary challenge in design of a multi-source streaming mechanism is that available bandwidth from each peer is not known a priori, and could significantly change during a session. In <i>PALS</i>, the receiver periodically performs quality adaptation based on aggregate bandwidth from all senders to determine (i) overall quality (i.e. number of layers) that can be collectively delivered from all senders, and more importantly (ii) specific subset of packets that should be delivered by each sender in order to gracefully cope with any sudden change in its bandwidth. Our detailed simulation-based evaluations illustrate that <i>PALS</i> can effectively cope with several angles of dynamics in the system including: bandwidth variations, peer participation, and partially available content at different peers. We also demonstrate the importance of coordination among senders and examine key design tradeoffs for the PALS mechanism.
Amidines. Part 40. Amidine–deuteriochloroform complexes. Influence of amidine basicity on the frequency of C–D stretching vibrations (2000)

Formation of deuteriochloroform complexes with four series of N1,N1-dimethylamidines (RxNCR1NMe2; 75 compounds) containing a variable substituent Rx at the imino nitrogen atom has been studied by infrared spectroscopy. It is found that for complexed CDCl3 molecules a new, additional C–D stretching band appears at lower frequencies. The changes in frequency of this band depend on the basicity of the amidine and correlate with the pKa values of complexing amidines, however for N2-alkyl and N2-aryl derivatives separate correlations are obtained. The slope of the correlation line depends on substituent R1 at the amidino carbon atom, and for N2-aryl derivatives it increases with the increase of the volume of a substituent at the amidino carbon atom, whereas for N2-alkyl derivatives it decreases. The inverse order of the change of the slopes is attributed to the E–Z isomerism in amidines.
Correlating the hydrogen evolution reaction activity in alkaline electrolytes with the hydrogen binding energy on monometallic surfaces (2013)

The slow reaction kinetics of the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) on platinum in alkaline electrolytes hinders the development of alkaline electrolysers, solar hydrogen cells and alkaline fuel cells. A fundamental understanding of the exchange current density of the HER/HOR in alkaline media is critical for the search and design of highly active electrocatalysts. By studying the HER on a series of monometallic surfaces, we demonstrate that the HER exchange current density in alkaline solutions can be correlated with the calculated hydrogen binding energy (HBE) on the metal surfaces via a volcano type of relationship. The HER activity varies by several orders of magnitude from Pt at the peak of the plot to W and Au located on the bottom of each side of the plot, similar to the observation in acids. Such a correlation suggests that the HBE can be used as a descriptor for identifying electrocatalysts for HER/HOR in alkaline media, and that the HER exchange current density can be tuned by modifying the surface chemical properties.
Dendrimer Functionalization with a Membrane‐Interacting Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Towards Intracellular Delivery (2012)

A poly(amide)-based dendrimer was synthesized and functionalized with the membrane-interacting peptide gH(625-644) (gH625) derived from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) envelope glycoprotein H, which has previously been shown to assist in delivering large cargoes across the cellular membrane. We demonstrate that the attachment of the gH625 peptide sequence to the termini of a dendrimer allows the conjugate to penetrate into the cellular matrix, whereas the unfunctionalized dendrimer is excluded from translocation. The peptide-functionalized dendrimer is rapidly taken into the cells mainly through a non-active translocation mechanism. Our results suggest that the presented peptidodendrimeric scaffold may be a promising material for efficient drug delivery.
Anaesthesia and radiofrequency endometrial ablation. (1993)

Radiofrequency endometrial ablation is a new technique for the treatment of functional menorrhagia. A conductive probe is placed in the uterine cavity which selectively destroys the endometrium by heating, using radiofrequency energy. Hence the patient is charged with a high density electric field. ECG electrodes need to be applied with care and patient-metal contact must be avoided to prevent radiofrequency burns. Monitors may require additional filters.
Germin and Germin-like Proteins: Evolution, Structure, and Function (2008)

Germin and germin-like proteins (GLPs) are encoded by a family of genes found in all plants. They are part of the cupin superfamily of biochemically diverse proteins, a superfamily that has a conserved tertiary structure, though with limited similarity in primary sequence. The subgroups of GLPs have different enzyme functions that include the two hydrogen peroxide-generating enzymes, oxalate oxidase (OxO) and superoxide dismutase. This review summarizes the sequence and structural details of GLPs and also discusses their evolutionary progression, particularly their amplification in gene number during the evolution of the land plants. In terms of function, the GLPs are known to be differentially expressed during specific periods of plant growth and development, a pattern of evolutionary subfunctionalization. They are also implicated in the response of plants to biotic (viruses, bacteria, mycorrhizae, fungi, insects, nematodes, and parasitic plants) and abiotic (salt, heat/cold, drought, nutrient, and metal) stress. Most detailed data come from studies of fungal pathogenesis in cereals. This involvement with the protection of plants from environmental stress of various types has led to numerous plant breeding studies that have found links between GLPs and QTLs for disease and stress resistance. In addition the OxO enzyme has considerable commercial significance, based principally on its use in the medical diagnosis of oxalate concentration in plasma and urine. Finally, this review provides information on the nutritional importance of these proteins in the human diet, as several members are known to be allergenic, a feature related to their thermal stability and evolutionary connection to the seed storage proteins, also members of the cupin superfamily.
Auranofin induces mesothelioma cell death through oxidative stress and GSH depletion (2015)

Mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor associated with asbestos exposure. Auranofin as an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) affects many biological processes such as inflammation and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the cellular effects of auranofin on patient-derived mesothelioma cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Basal TrxR1 levels have no difference between mesothelial cells and certain mesothelioma cells. In particular, ADA, CON and Hmeso mesothelioma cells showed lower levels of TrxR1 expression. Auranofin inhibited the proliferation of mesothelioma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among mesothelioma cells were ADA and CON cells sensitive to auranofin. This agent also induced caspase-independent apoptosis and necrosis in ADA cells. In addition, auranofin increased ROS levels including O2(•-) and induced GSH depletion in mesothelioma cells. While N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented cell death and decreased ROS levels in auranofin-treated mesothelioma cells, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) intensified apoptosis and GSH depletion in these cells. In conclusion, auranofin induced mesothelioma cell death through oxidative stress and the death was regulated by the status of GSH content.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Blocks the Apoptotic Host Cell Defense Mechanisms That Target Bcl-2 and Manipulates Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase To Improve Viral Replication (2001)

ABSTRACT Wild-type (wt) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) suppresses cell death. We investigated the apoptotic pathways triggered during infection with mutant viruses ts k and 27lacZ (which lack functional ICP4 and ICP27 viral proteins, respectively) and examined the mechanisms used by wt HSV-1 to protect against programmed cell death induced by the DNA-damaging compound cisplatin. In our studies, we used BHK and HeLa cells, with similar results. We suggest that a decrease in the levels of Bcl-2 protein is a key event during apoptosis induced by the mutant viruses and that Bcl-2 levels are targeted by (i) a decrease of bcl-2 RNA, (ii) caspase-related proteolysis, and (iii) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)-dependent destabilization of Bcl-2 protein. We show that wt HSV-1, but not the mutant viruses, maintains bcl-2 RNA and protein levels during infection and protects from the cisplatin-induced decrease in bcl-2 RNA; our data suggest that both ICP27 and ICP4 are required for this function. Additionally, wt HSV-1 evades but does not actively block activation of caspases. Although wt HSV-1 induces p38MAPK activation during infection, it prevents p38MAPK-dependent destabilization of Bcl-2 and exploits p38MAPK stimulation to enhance transcription of specific viral gene promoters to increase viral yields.
Integrated optical architectures for tapped delay lines (1990)

An integrated optics (IO) device that is an implementation of an IO tapped delay line is discussed. It is capable of performing discrete convolution of an optical pulse sequence with a preset digital function. Several architectures for the device are presented. A systematic realization of the preset function samples that permits efficient utilization of all the input light power and maximization of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the device is discussed. A detailed analysis of what determines the number of preset samples that can be realized and how to realize them on a LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal is given. Two digital filter design examples are presented, and the quantization error effects on their performance are examined. The same architectures are shown to implement digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion and systolic multiplication of a Toeplitz matrix with a vector having the form of optical pulses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laminar mixing in different interdigital micromixers: II. Numerical simulations (2003)

Abstract Flow patterns and mixing properties of micromixing devices described in Part I are investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and semianalytical methods. The CFD results provide qualitative information on mixing, but, due to numerical artifacts, no quantitative information can be derived in most cases. The geometrical arrangement of liquid lamellae predicted by the CFD simulations explain transmitted‐light experiments reported in Part I. In contrast, the semianalytical method provides a simple model for the mixing devices presented and allows to assess their mixing properties. For two of the four micromixers, mixing times were in the range of milliseconds, thus lending themselves to fast, mass‐transfer‐limited reactions. Experimental data obtained for a specific micromixer support the semianalytical model. Both the model and experiments suggest that geometric focusing of a large number of liquid streams is a powerful micromixing principle.
Novel polymer‐synthesized ceramic composite–based system for bone repair: An <i>in vitro</i> evaluation (2004)

The emergence of synthetic bone repair scaffolds has been necessitated by the limitations of both autografts and allografts. Several candidate materials are available including degradable polymers and ceramics. However, these materials possess their own limitations that at least in part may be overcome by combining the two materials into a composite. Toward that end, a novel approach to forming a polymer/ceramic composite has been developed that combines degradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres and a poorly crystalline calcium phosphate that is synthesized within the microspheres, which are then fused together to form a porous three-dimensional scaffold for bone repair. The design, fabrication, and characterization of the composite microspheres, the calcium phosphate formed within these microspheres, and the formation of scaffolds were studied. The calcium phosphate formed was analyzed by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, and was shown to be similar to native bone in both composition and crystallinity by controlling certain processing parameters such as mixing time, solution pH, and mixing temperature. Scaffolds with porous interconnected structures and mechanical properties in the range of trabecular bone were fabricated via precise control of polymer/ceramic ratios within the microspheres and scaffold heating times. This composite scaffold represents a new and important vehicle for bone-tissue engineering.
Neighborhood coherence and edge based approaches to film scene extraction (2003)

In order to enable high-level semantics-based video annotation and interpretation, we tackle the problem of automatic decomposition of motion pictures into meaningful story units, namely scenes. Since a scene is a complicated and subjective concept, we first propose guidelines from film production to determine when a scene change occurs in film. We examine different rules and conventions followed as part of film grammar to guide and shape our algorithmic solution for determining a scene boundary. Two different techniques are proposed as new solutions in this paper. Our experimental results on 10 full-length movies show that our technique based on shot sequence coherence performs well and reasonably better than the color edges-based approach.