gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microarray and genetic analysis of electron transfer to electrodes in <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> (2006)

Whole-genome analysis of gene expression in Geobacter sulfurreducens revealed 474 genes with transcript levels that were significantly different during growth with an electrode as the sole electron acceptor versus growth on Fe(III) citrate. The greatest response was a more than 19-fold increase in transcript levels for omcS, which encodes an outer-membrane cytochrome previously shown to be required for Fe(III) oxide reduction. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern analyses confirmed the higher levels of omcS transcripts, which increased as power production increased. Deletion of omcS inhibited current production that was restored when omcS was expressed in trans. Transcript expression and genetic analysis suggested that OmcE, another outer-membrane cytochrome, is also involved in electron transfer to electrodes. Surprisingly, genes for other proteins known to be important in Fe(III) reduction such as the outer-membrane c-type cytochrome, OmcB, and the electrically conductive pilin "nanowires" did not have higher transcript levels on electrodes, and deletion of the relevant genes did not inhibit power production. Changes in the transcriptome suggested that cells growing on electrodes were subjected to less oxidative stress than cells growing on Fe(III) citrate and that a number of genes annotated as encoding metal efflux proteins or proteins of unknown function may be important for growth on electrodes. These results demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to evaluate gene expression, and hence the metabolic state, of microorganisms growing on electrodes on a genome-wide basis and suggest that OmcS, and to a lesser extent OmcE, are important in electron transfer to electrodes. This has important implications for the design of electrode materials and the genetic engineering of microorganisms to improve the function of microbial fuel cells.
Influence of tillage and weed control methods on growth, productivity and quality of maize (Zea mays L.). (2007)

To find the effect of tillage and weed control methods on growth, productivity and quality of maize a field experiment was conducted at the Vishvavidyalaya farm during kharif 2002 and 2003. The experiment was conducted in a silty clay loam soil with 12 treatment combinations (3 tillage methods in main plot and 4 weed control methods in sub plot) in a split plot design replicated thrice. The study revealed that raised seed bed being statistically at par with conventional tillage resulted in significant increase in plant height, dry matter and grain yield of maize over zero tillage by causing significant reduction in population and dry matter of weeds. Raised seed bed and conventional tillage recorded an increase in the grain yield to the tune of 13.2 and 17.2 % during first year and 14.2 and 16.6 during second year, respectively over zero tillage. However, there was no significant effect of tillage methods on quality components of the grains. Among weed control methods atrazine 1.5 kg ha behaved statistically alike to acetachlor 1.25 kg ha in significantly reducing the population and dry matter of weeds, thereby, producing significantly taller maize plants with higher dry matter content and 72.2 and 78.2 % higher grain yield over unweeded check during 2002 and 2003, respectively with significantly higher starch and protein content in grains. The corresponding values for acetachlor 1.25 kg ha were 71.9 and 71.4 %.
August 2011 Iowa Corn Yield Forecast (2011)

USDA released the first corn yield forecast for 2011 on Aug. 11. Forecast U.S. yields of 153 bushels per acre are similar to last years' and six bushels below the 30-year trend line (Figure 1). This is not surprising. On the other hand, Iowa’s forecast of 177 bushels per acre matches that of the 30-year trend line and lies 12 bushels above last year’s final yield estimate. This, if realized, would rank third highest behind 2004 (181) and 2009 (182) bushels per acre for Iowa. This seems unlikely.
Dopamine acts on D2 receptors to increase potassium conductance in neurones of the rat substantia nigra zona compacta. (1987)

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones in the substantia nigra zona compacta in slices of rat mesencephalon in vitro. The majority of neurones fired action potentials spontaneously at 0.2-5.6 Hz. Dopamine, applied either by superfusion or from the tip of a pressurized pipette, prevented spontaneous action potential firing and hyperpolarized the membrane. 2. When the membrane potential was held negative to the threshold for action potential firing, the hyperpolarization evoked by dopamine was accompanied by a fall in input resistance. Under voltage clamp, dopamine produced an outward membrane current associated with an increase in membrane conductance. The effects of superfused dopamine on firing rate, membrane potential and membrane current were concentration dependent in the range 1-100 microM. 3. The reversal potential for the hyperpolarizations and the outward currents produced by dopamine was -109.7 +/- 1.7 mV (n = 12) when the potassium concentration was 2.5 mM and -74.0 +/- 5.0 mV (n = 4) when the potassium concentration was 10.5 mM. The change in reversal potentials in these and intermediate potassium concentrations was described by the Nernst equation. 4. The outward current induced by dopamine was reversibly reduced by barium (100-300 microM) and by high concentrations of tetraethylammonium (greater than or equal to 10 mM). Calcium-free solutions with cobalt (0.5-2 mM) did not reduce the current in response to dopamine during the first 5 min of their application. Currents and hyperpolarizations caused by dopamine were unaffected by tetrodotoxin (1 microM). 5. The hyperpolarization produced by dopamine was mimicked by the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (LY 171555, 0.1-3 microM) and was blocked by the D2 receptor agonists domperidone and (-)-sulpiride. Agonists and antagonists at D1 receptors had no effect. 6. (-)-Sulpiride (30 nM-30 microM) produced a progressive shift to the right in the concentration-response curve to either dopamine or quinpirole. Schild analysis of the antagonism between (-)-sulpiride and quinpirole suggested competitive antagonism with a dissociation equilibrium constant for (-)-sulpiride of about 13 nM. 7. It is concluded that dopamine acts on D2 receptors on neurones of the rat substantia nigra pars compacta to increase the membrane potassium conductance.
Loblolly House: Elements of a New Architecture (2008)

If prefabs are assembly-line Fords, Loblolly is a custom hot rod, begging for mass production. Andrew Blum for WIRED magazineKnown for their in-depth research and innovative, inventive, and meticulously constructed architecture, KieranTimberlake Assoicates put its ideas about streamlining the making of architecture to the test. The results took the form of a fully modular and award-winning house, featuring an active and adjustable double-skin facade so advanced that no client would consider it. KieranTimberlake Assoicates boldly took the project upon themselves, using partner Stephen Kieran's own summer house as a laboratory. Situated on idyllic Taylors Island, off the coast of Maryland's Chesapeake Bay, Loblolly House inaugurates a truly new, more efficient way of building. Through the use of state-of-the-art building information modeling (BIM), the architects were able to streamline the design-build process. Thousands of parts were collapsed and integrated into a few dozen panels and blocks that slid into an aluminum frame set on wooden pylons. Consisting of 70 percent prefabricated components, the kit-of-parts house was assembled (mostly with a wrench) and lifted into place on-site in less than six weeks.Unlike most houses, even those built with sustainability in mind, Loblolly disassembles as easily as it assembles, making it an ecologically sound structure with a manageable environmental footprint. Focusing on a single built project andillustrated with extensive photographic documentation and numerous detailed drawings, Loblolly House is the manual for componentized prefab. The book includes a DVD of the film A House in the Trees by producers Rick Deppe andKathleen Blake, a real-time documentary of the design, fabrication, and assembly of Loblolly House.
The new potato (2019)

Breeders seek a breakthrough to help farmers facing an uncertain future.
Synthesis of Poly(cinnam-4'-yl methyl methacrylate) Derivatives and Their Thermal Stability as Photoalignment Layer (2001)

Photocyclizable poly(cinnam-4'-yl methyl methacrylate) derivatives bearing methoxy benzene (PMCMMA), anthracene (PACMMA), and coumarin (PCCMMA) have been synthesized via Heck type reaction. Three different types of polymers are photoreactable usin g linearly polarized UV light and applicable as liquid crystal alignment layer. Anthracence and coumarin containing polymers (PACMMA, PCCMMA) have better thermal stability than PMCMMA. This observation may be attributed to the glass transition temperature elevation due to the bulky size and another photocrosslinking site provided by anthracene or coumarin group.
Effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 on hematopoietic reconstitution in transplant mice: acceleration of recovery of peripheral blood neutrophils and platelets (1993)

We have examined the effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL- 11) on the recovery of peripheral blood cell counts and proliferation of progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells (day 12 colony-forming units-spleen-CFU-S12) in vivo using a mouse bone marrow (BM) and spleen cell transplantation model. Recovery of leukocytes was accelerated in animals receiving daily administration of rhIL-11 (100 micrograms/kg/d) and reached normal levels by day 14 posttransplantation. This increased total leukocyte count reflected mainly an increase in neutrophils. Neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 1,500) was present in control transplant mice for 14 to 15 days, while in the rhIL-11-treated group, neutrophils recovered to normal by days 8 to 10 and continued to increase until day 19. Animals treated with rhIL-11 had only 1 day with ANC demonstrated < 500. Correspondingly, rhIL-11 treatment increased granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) derived from both spleen and BM cells. Higher doses of IL-11 increased CFU-GM nearly threefold and CFU-Mix fourfold to fivefold, while increasing burst-forming units- erythroid to a lesser degree. BM and spleen cellularity were both increased in IL-11-treated mice, but no increase in CFU-S12 was noted. In addition, in vivo daily administration of IL-11 increased peripheral platelet counts by threefold over control transplant mice at day 10 posttransplantation during the post-irradiation platelet nadir. Further treatment led to platelet counts higher than normal 18 days posttransplantation when control animals had just attained normal platelet counts. IL-11 can accelerate the recovery of the peripheral blood leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, and platelets in transplant mice, effects that may be clinically useful in future applications for BM transplantation and chemotherapy-related cytopenias.
Characterizing the Interactions between the Two Subunits of the p101/p110γ Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Their Role in the Activation of This Enzyme by Gβγ Subunits (1999)

Recently, we have reported the purification and cloning of a novel G protein betagamma subunit-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase from pig neutrophils. The enzyme comprises a p110gamma catalytic subunit and a p101 regulatory subunit. Now we have cloned the human ortholog of p101 and generated panels of p101 and p110gamma truncations and deletions and used these in in vitro and in vivo assays to determine the protein domains responsible for subunit interaction and activation by betagamma subunits. Our results suggest large areas of p101 including both N- and C-terminal portions interact with the N-terminal half of p110gamma. While modifications of the N terminus of p110gamma could modulate its intrinsic catalytic activity, binding to the N-terminal region of p101 was found to be indispensable for activation of heterodimers with Gbetagamma.
Self-Standing Crystalline TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanotubes/CNTs Heterojunction Membrane: Synthesis and Characterization (2011)

In the present study, we report for the first time synthesis of TiO(2) nanotubes/CNTs heterojunction membrane. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of CNTs at 650 °C in a mixture of H(2)/He atmosphere led to in situ detachment of the anodically fabricated TiO(2) nanotube layers from the Ti substrate underneath. Morphological and structural evolution of TiO(2) nanotubes after CNTs deposition were investigated by field- emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses.
Geochemical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas (1959)

Geochemical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas by A. A. Kartsev, Z. A. Tabasaranskii, M. I. Subbota, G. A. Mogilevskii was published on September 30, 2020 by University of California Press.
Site selective spectroscopy and defect chemistry of CaO (1982)

The site selective spectroscopy of CaO:Eu3+, CaO:Er3+, and CaO:Pr3+ has been studied. The Eu3+ doped system has a cubic and an orthorhombic site which vary with concentration in a manner that can be quantitatively described by a simple defect equilibrium model. The Er3+ and Pr3+ spectra do not have transitions from the cubic site because electric dipole transitions are forbidden but there are strong transitions from the orthorhombic site. The Pr3+ system exhibits efficient relaxation between levels separated by 4000 cm−1 and efficient up-conversion. Both processes are attributed to the presence of states other than those in the 4f2 electron configuration.
Action of Gamma Radiation on Liquid 1,5-Pentanediol (1968)

The effects of γ-rays on degassed, liquid 1,5-pentanediol have been investigated. The major products, as shown by isotope dilution analysis, are 5-hydroxyvaleraldehyde, 1,5,6,10-decanetetraol, formaldehyde, 1-butanol, and 3-buten-1-ol. Glutardialdehyde and 1-pentanol are formed to a lesser extent. The products account for about 80% of the degraded 1,5-pentanediol for which G = 8.1 has been found. Water is also formed with G = 1.0. The results are interpreted in terms of an initially formed parent molecule ion and its subsequent reactions.
Synthesis and electroluminescence property of new hexaphenylbenzene derivatives including amine group for blue emitters (2013)

Three new blue-emitting compounds of 5P-VA, 5P-VTPA, and 5P-DVTPA for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on hexaphenylbenzene moiety were demonstrated. Physical properties by the change of the substitution groups of the synthesized materials were systematically examined. Photoluminescence spectrum of the synthesized materials showed maximum emitting wavelengths of about 400 to 447 nm in solution state and 451 to 461 nm in film state, indicating deep blue emission color. OLED devices were fabricated by the synthesized compounds using vacuum deposit process as an emitting layer. The device structure was ITO/2-TNATA 60 nm/ NPB 15 nm/ EML 35 nm/ TPBi 20 nm/ LiF 1 nm/ Al 200 nm. External quantum efficiencies and CIE values of 5P-VA, 5P-VTPA, and 5P-DVTPA were 1.89%, 3.59%, 3.34%, and (0.154, 0.196), (0.150, 0.076), (0.148, 0.120), respectively. 5P-VTPA and 5P-DVTPA exhibited superior highly blue quality and thermal property such as high Td of 448°C and 449°C.
A Design-for-Digital-Testability Circuit Structure for $\Sigma$-$\Delta$ Modulators (2007)

A design-for-digital-testability (DfDT) switched-capacitor circuit structure for testing Sigma-Delta modulators with digital stimuli is presented to reduce the overall testing cost. In the test mode, the DfDT circuits are reconfigured as a one-bit digital-to-charge converter to accept a repetitively applied Sigma-Delta modulated bit-stream as its stimulus. The single-bit characteristic ensures that the generated stimulus is nonlinearity free. In addition, the proposed DfDT structure reuses most of the analog components in the test mode and keeps the same loads for the operational amplifiers as if they were in the normal mode. It thereby achieves many advantages including lower cost, higher fault coverage, higher measurement accuracy, and the capability of performing at-speed tests. A second-order Sigma-Delta modulator was designed and fabricated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DfDT structure. Our experimental results show that the digital test is able to measure a harmonic distortion lower than -106 dBFS. Meanwhile, the dynamic range measured with the digital stimulus is as high as 84.4 dB at an over-sampling ratio of 128. The proposed DfDT scheme can be easily applied to other types of Sigma-Delta modulators, making them also digitally testable.
A Bioconjugate Approach toward Squalamine Mimics:  Insight into the Mechanism of Biological Action (2006)

A short and efficient synthesis has been devised for a family of squalamine mimics, based on the use of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, putrescine, and spermine as starting materials. Those mimics that contain two facially amphiphilic sterol-spermidine conjugates show strong antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria; their corresponding activities against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria are relatively moderate. Larger mimics, containing four such sterol-spermidine conjugates, exhibit very weak activities. Reversal of the pendent spermidine moiety and a putrescine linkage on the A- and D-rings had little consequence on the antibacterial activity for the most active of the squalamine mimics, which contained two sterol-polyamine units; similar results were obtained with squalamine mimics made from only one sterol unit. Detailed structure-activity measurements, in combination with kinetic studies carried out using liposomes as model membranes, support a mechanism of action involving noncovalent dimers as ion transporting species, most probably via the formation of pores or channels.
Using GSM to enhance e-commerce security (2002)

Today, an e-commerce transaction is typically protected using SSL/[email protected] However, there remain some risks in such use of SSL/[email protected] These include that of information being stored in clear at the end point of the communication link and lack of user authentication. Although SSL/TLS does offer the latter, the security service is optional and usually omitted. This is because of the fact that users typically do not have the necessary asymmetric key pair. Since SSL/TLS protects data only while it is being transmitted, the merchant has access to sensitive information such as the debit/credit card number. The storage of unencrypted debit/credit card information at the merchant server therefore represents a risk that is not currently addressed by the use of SSL/TLS to secure electronic payment transactions.In this paper, we propose a payment protocol in which the risk of having debit/credit card details stored at a merchant server is eliminated. User authentication is also provided. This is achieved by utilising the GSM data confidentiality service to encrypt sensitive information. The GSM security service is also used to provide user identity authentication. The additional security is realised in such a way that no management overhead is imposed on the user.
Pajek - Program for Large Network Analysis (1999)

Large networks, having thousands of vertices and lines, can be found in many different areas, e. g: genealogies, flo w graphs of programs, molecule, computer networks, transportation networks, social networks, intra/inter organisational networks ... Many standard network algorithms are very time and space consuming and therefore unsuitable for analysis of such networks. In the article we present some approaches to analysis and visualisation of large networks implemented in programPajek. Some typical examples are also given.
Air-Coupled Impact-Echo Method for NDT of Concrete (2006)

Air‐coupled impact‐echo method for NDT of concrete is presented. In this study, air‐coupled sensors are used to determine the thickness and find delaminations in concrete slabs with impact‐echo approach. Test results show that air‐coupled sensors work as effectively as contact impact‐echo sensors when proper impactors are used. The air‐coupled impact‐echo test is then carried out on a concrete slab containing several artificial delaminations and voids. Evaluation of the degree of delaminations is successfully conducted using the air‐coupled impact‐echo method.
Accelerated MR diffusion tensor imaging using distributed compressed sensing (2013)

Purpose Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is known to suffer from long acquisition time in the orders of several minutes or even hours. Therefore, a feasible way to accelerate DTI data acquisition is highly desirable. In this article, the feasibility and efficacy of distributed compressed sensing to fast DTI is investigated by exploiting the joint sparsity prior in diffusion‐weighted images. Methods Fully sampled DTI datasets were obtained from both simulated phantom and experimental heart sample, with diffusion gradient applied in six directions. The k‐space data were undersampled retrospectively with acceleration factors from 2 to 6. Diffusion‐weighted images were reconstructed by solving an l 2 ‐ l 1 norm minimization problem. Reconstruction performance with varied signal‐to‐noise ratio and acceleration factors were evaluated by root‐mean‐square error and maps of reconstructed DTI indices. Results Superiority of distributed compressed sensing over basic compressed sensing was confirmed with simulation, and the reconstruction accuracy was influenced by signal‐to‐noise ratio and acceleration factors. Experimental results demonstrate that DTI indices including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivities, and orientation of primary eigenvector can be obtained with high accuracy at acceleration factors up to 4. Conclusion Distributed compressed sensing is shown to be able to accelerate DTI and may be used to reduce DTI acquisition time practically. Magn Reson Med 71:763–772, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[DNA methylation in cotton hybrids and their parents]. (2008)

The possible role of methylation in the performance of heterosis has been analyzed in many crops. To further study this possibility, we investigated both the differences in cytosine methylation patterns between cotton heterotic hybrid/nonheterotic hybrids and their parental lines and the change in methylation level from seedling stage to flowering stage by using the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) method. The results showed that the number of demethylation loci in highly heterotic hybrids was greater that in lowly heterotic hybrids, and the level of DNA cytosine methylation in cotton at the seedling stage is higher than that at the flowering stage. The altered methylation patterns at low-copy genomic regions can be confirmed by DNA gel blot analysis. A total of 39 fragments that showed different methylation patterns were cloned and sequenced. The methylation status of these genes was modified differentially in hybrid and parents, suggesting that these genes might play a role in the performance of heterosis.