gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-based system for automatic MBR control (2010)

MBR technology is currently challenging traditional wastewater treatment systems and is increasingly selected for WWTP upgrading. MBR systems typically are constructed on a smaller footprint, and provide superior treated water quality. However, the main drawback of MBR technology is that the permeability of membranes declines during filtration due to membrane fouling, which for a large part causes the high aeration requirements of an MBR to counteract this fouling phenomenon. Due to the complex and still unknown mechanisms of membrane fouling it is neither possible to describe clearly its development by means of a deterministic model, nor to control it with a purely mathematical law. Consequently the majority of MBR applications are controlled in an "open-loop" way i.e. with predefined and fixed air scour and filtration/relaxation or backwashing cycles, and scheduled inline or offline chemical cleaning as a preventive measure, without taking into account the real needs of membrane cleaning based on its filtration performance. However, existing theoretical and empirical knowledge about potential cause-effect relations between a number of factors (influent characteristics, biomass characteristics and operational conditions) and MBR operation can be used to build a knowledge-based decision support system (KB-DSS) for the automatic control of MBRs. This KB-DSS contains a knowledge-based control module, which, based on real time comparison of the current permeability trend with "reference trends", aims at optimizing the operation and energy costs and decreasing fouling rates. In practice the automatic control system proposed regulates the set points of the key operational variables controlled in MBR systems (permeate flux, relaxation and backwash times, backwash flows and times, aeration flow rates, chemical cleaning frequency, waste sludge flow rate and recycle flow rates) and identifies its optimal value. This paper describes the concepts and the 3-level architecture of the knowledge-based DSS and details the knowledge-based control module. Preliminary results of the application of the control module to regulate the air flow rate of an MBR working with variable flux demonstrates the usefulness of this approach.
Random Projections of Residuals for Digital Image Steganalysis (2013)

The traditional way to represent digital images for feature based steganalysis is to compute a noise residual from the image using a pixel predictor and then form the feature as a sample joint probability distribution of neighboring quantized residual samples-the so - called co-occurrence matrix. In this paper, we propose an alternative statistical representation - instead of forming the co-occurrence matrix, we project neighboring residual samples onto a set of random vectors and take the first-order statistic (histogram) of the projections as the feature. When multiple residuals are used, this representation is called the projection spatial rich model (PSRM). On selected modern steganographic algorithms embedding in the spatial, JPEG, and side-informed JPEG domains, we demonstrate that the PSRM can achieve a more accurate detection as well as a substantially improved performance versus dimensionality trade-off than state-of-the-art feature sets.
Identification of the forms of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins produced by human fibroblasts and the mechanisms that regulate their secretion. (1992)

Human fibroblasts secrete insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that can modify insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I action. We have determined the molecular identities of three forms of IGFBPs that are secreted by human fibroblasts in vitro. Ligand blot analysis of fibroblast conditioned media revealed that the M(r) 43,000 and 39,000 forms were the most abundant, but that M(r) 31,000 and 24,000 forms were also present. An antiserum that was specific for IGFBP-5 reacted with the M(r) 31,000 form, and an IGFBP-4-specific antiserum recognized only the M(r) 24,000 form. The M(r) 39,000 and 43,000 forms were detected by IGFBP-3 antiserum. Further proof that fibroblasts synthesized these forms of IGFBPs was obtained by Northern blotting. A cDNA probe for IGFBP-3 hybridized with a 2.4-kilobase (kb) transcript, whereas a cDNA probe for IGFBP-5 recognized a single 6.0-kb transcript, and an IGFBP-4 cDNA probe recognized 2.2- and 2.0-kb transcripts. IGF-I and -II caused a minimal (less than 43%) increase in IGFBP-5 mRNA abundance and had no effect on IGFBP-4 mRNA abundance. IGF-I and -II (100 ng/ml) stimulated 6-8-fold increases in IGFBP-5 levels, whereas IGFBP-4 was inhibited. Insulin failed to elicit any change in IGFBP-5, suggesting that binding of the IGFs to IGFBPs was required to detect the increase. Immunoblotting for IGFBP-5 revealed an M(r) 23,000 (non-IGF-I-binding) fragment. To determine if the IGFs were influencing proteolytic degradation of IGFBP-5, pure IGFBP-5 was added to fibroblast cultures and incubated for 4 h at 37 degrees C. The amount of fragment formation was attenuated by the presence of IGF-I and -II, but not insulin, suggesting that this is a mechanism by which the IGFs act to modulate IGFBP-5 concentration. In contrast to the IGFs, forskolin, which increased IGFBP-4 and -5 mRNA abundance and secretion, had no effect on fragment formation. The results show that human fibroblasts synthesize and secrete IGFBP-3, -4, and -5 and that changes in intracellular cAMP regulate synthesis, whereas the IGFs regulate IGFBP-4 and -5 levels by post-transcriptional mechanisms.
Ryanodine Receptor Patents (2012)

Research over the past two decades has implicated dysfunction of the ryanodine receptor (RyR), a Ca(2+) release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) required for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, in the pathogenesis of cardiac and skeletal myopathies. These discoveries have led to the development of novel drugs, screening tools, and research methods. The patents associated with these advances tell the story of the initial discovery of RyRs as a target for plant alkaloids, to their central role in cardiac and skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling, and ongoing clinical trials with a novel class of drugs called RycalsTM that inhibit pathological intracellular Ca(2+) leak. Additionally, these patents highlight questions, controversies, and future directions of the RyR field.
Detection by detections: Non-parametric detector adaptation for a video (2012)

We propose an approach to improving the detection results of a generic offline trained detector on a specific video. Our method does not leverage visual tracking as most detection by tracking methods do. Instead, the proposed detection by detections approach can serve as a more confident initialization for detection by tracking methods. Different from other supervised detector adaptation methods, we constrain the task to videos and no supervised labels for the target video are required for the adaptation; we intend to fill the gap between detection by tracking and pure detection by frames. As a non-parametric detector adaptation method, confident detections are collected to re-rank and to group other detections. We focus on methods with high precision detection results since it is necessitated in real application. Extensive experiments with two state-of-the-art detectors demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
A 7mW-to-183mW Dynamic Quality-Scalable H.264 Video Encoder Chip (2007)

A dynamic quality-scalable H.264 video encoder is presented for power-adaptive video encoding. In 0.13mum CMOS technology, it requires 470kgates/13.3kB SRAM and consumes 7mW/183mW in encoding 30fps CIF/HD720 video. Compared to the state-of-the-art design for real-time HD720 video encoding, a 49% reduction in gate count and a 61% reduction in internal memory is achieved
Sioux performers at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair (2014)

Featured in the previous issue of this magazine [Green 2014] was a series of early lithographically printed color postcards depicting Sioux Indian Wild West show performers, possibly participants at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. This issue presents another interesting series of commercially produced postcards with Sioux subjects, all participants at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and World's Fair, held in St Louis, Missouri, between 30 April and 1 December 1904.
Reversible CO<sub>2</sub>Fixation by Iridium(I) Complexes Containing Me<sub>2</sub>PhP as Ligand (2010)

The iridium(I) complexes [IrCl(Me2PhP)3] (1), [Ir(Me2PhP)4]Cl (2), [Ir(Me2PhP)4]I (3), and [Ir(Me2PhP)4]PF6 (4) are prepared from the iridium(I) precursors [IrX(coe)2]2 (X = Cl, I). Complex 1 reacts reversibly with CO2 to form the metallacyclic compound [IrCl(C2O4-κ2C,O)(Me2PhP)3] (5), which was characterized by NMR and IR measurements as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, [mer-Ir(Cl)2(H)(Me2PhP)3] (6) and [mer-Ir(CO3)(H)(Me2PhP)3] (7) are formed as side products from water present in the used CO2 and the solvents. Compound 2 yields similar results. When the iodo compound 3 is used, the cationic compound [Ir(I)(H)(Me2PhP)4]+I− (9) is formed as one of the products. Molecular structures of 1, 2, 5, and 9 are presented.
UAV Flight Experiments Applied to the Remote Sensing of Vegetated Areas (2014)

The miniaturization of electronics, computers and sensors has created new opportunities for remote sensing applications. Despite the current restrictions on regulation, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with small thermal, laser or spectral sensors has emerged as a promising alternative for assisting modeling, mapping and monitoring applications in rangelands, forests and agricultural environments. This review provides an overview of recent research that has reported UAV flight experiments on the remote sensing of vegetated areas. To provide a differential trend to other reviews, this paper is not limited to crops and precision agriculture applications, but also includes forest and rangeland applications. This work follows a top-down categorization strategy and attempts to fill the gap between application requirements and the characteristics of selected tools, payloads and platforms. Furthermore, correlations between common requirements and the most frequently used solutions are highlighted.
Stimulation of glycine catabolism in isolated perfused rat liver by calcium mobilizing hormones and in isolated rat liver mitochondria by submicromolar concentrations of calcium. (1990)

Glucagon stimulates flux through the glycine cleavage system (GCS) in isolated rat hepatocytes (Jois, M., Hall, B., Fewer, K., and Brosnan, J. T. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3347-3351. In the present study, flux through GCS was measured in isolated rat liver perfused with 100 nM glucagon, 1 microM epinephrine, 1 microM norepinephrine, 10 microM phenylephrine, or 100 nM vasopressin. These hormones increased flux through GCS in perfused rat liver by 100-200% above the basal rate. The possibility that the stimulation of flux by adrenergic agonists and vasopressin is mediated by increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ which in turn could regulate mitochondrial glycine catabolism was examined by measuring flux through GCS in isolated mitochondria in the presence of 0.04-2.88 microM free Ca2+. Flux through GCS in isolated mitochondria was exquisitely sensitive to free Ca2+ in the medium; half-maximal stimulation occurred at about 0.4 microM free Ca2+ and maximal stimulation (7-fold) was reached when the free Ca2+ in the medium was 1 microM. The Vmax (nanomoles/mg protein/min) and Km (millimolar) values for the flux through GCS in intact mitochondria were 0.67 +/- 0.16 and 20.66 +/- 4.82 in the presence of 1 mM [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid and 3.28 +/- 0.76 and 10.98 +/- 1.91 in presence of 0.5 microM free Ca2+, respectively. The results show that the flux through GCS is sensitive to concentrations of calcium which would be achieved in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes stimulated by calcium-mobilizing hormones.
Full Poincaré beams (2010)

We explore the behavior of a class of fully correlated optical beams that span the entire surface of the Poincaré sphere. The beams can be constructed from a coaxial superposition of a fundamental Gaussian mode and a spiral-phase Laguerre-Gauss mode having orthogonal polarizations. When the orthogonal polarizations are right and left circular, the coverage extends from one pole of the sphere to the other in such a way that concentric circles on the beam map onto parallels on the Poincaré sphere and radial lines map onto meridians. If the beam waist parameters match, the map is stereographic and the beam propagation corresponds to a rigid rotation about the pole. We present an experimental example of how a symmetrically stressed window can produce these beams and show that the predicted rotation indeed occurs when moving through the beams' focus.
A Prospective Randomized Study of Brain Tissue Oxygen Pressure-Guided Management in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients (2015)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of PbtO2-guided therapy with traditional intracranial pressure- (ICP-) guided treatment on the management of cerebral variables, therapeutic interventions, survival rates, and neurological outcomes of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. From 2009 to 2010, TBI patients with a Glasgow coma scale <12 were recruited from 6 collaborative hospitals in northern Taiwan, excluding patients with severe systemic injuries, fixed and dilated pupils, and other major diseases. In total, 23 patients were treated with PbtO2-guided management (PbtO2 > 20 mmHg), and 27 patients were treated with ICP-guided therapy (ICP < 20 mmHg and CPP > 60 mmHg) in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU); demographic characteristics were similar across groups. The survival rate in the PbtO2-guided group was also significantly increased at 3 and 6 months after injury. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the PbtO2 signal and Glasgow outcome scale-extended in patients from 1 to 6 months after injury. This finding demonstrates that therapy directed by PbtO2 monitoring is valuable for the treatment of patients with moderate and severe TBI and that increasing PaO2 to 150 mmHg may be efficacious for preventing cerebral hypoxic events after brain trauma.
Learning to Group: A Bottom-Up Framework for 3D Part Discovery in Unseen Categories (2020)

We address the problem of discovering 3D parts for objects in unseen categories. Being able to learn the geometry prior of parts and transfer this prior to unseen categories pose fundamental challenges on data-driven shape segmentation approaches. Formulated as a contextual bandit problem, we propose a learning-based agglomerative clustering framework which learns a grouping policy to progressively group small part proposals into bigger ones in a bottom-up fashion. At the core of our approach is to restrict the local context for extracting part-level features, which encourages the generalizability to unseen categories. On the large-scale fine-grained 3D part dataset, PartNet, we demonstrate that our method can transfer knowledge of parts learned from 3 training categories to 21 unseen testing categories without seeing any annotated samples. Quantitative comparisons against four shape segmentation baselines shows that our approach achieve the state-of-the-art performance.
Synthesis and DNA Duplex Stabilities of Oligonucleotides Containing C-5-(3-Methoxypropynyl)-2′-deoxyuridine Residues (1997)

Abstract 5′-Dimethoxytrityl-5-(3-methoxypropynyl)-2′-deoxyuridine phosphoroamidite was synthesized with the use of commercial 3- methoxypropyne. Oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing 5-(3- ethoxypropynyl)- 2′-deoxyuridine in different positions were prepared. The stabilities of the duplexes formed by these ODNs with the complementary templates are increased in comparison with the unmodified counterparts. On average modified residue incorporated, the Tm is raised by 1°C.
The Use of Polymer Supports in Organic Synthesis. III. Selective Chemical Reactions on One Aldehyde Group of Symmetrical Dialdehydes (1973)

An insoluble polymer support system incorporating a diol functional group was prepared. The symmetrical dialdehydes, terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde, were attached to the polymer through acetal formation, constituting a unique method of blocking one aldehyde group of symmetrical dialdehydes. The free aldehyde group was reacted with hydroxylamine to give the mono-oximes of the terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde upon acid cleavage from the polymer. Similarly, the polymer bound aldehydes were reacted with Wittig reagents to give p- and m-formylstilbenes and 1-p- and -m-formyl-phenyl-4-phenyl-1,3-butadienes. The crossed aldol condensation of acetophenone with the symmetrical dialdehydes gave the 3-p- and -m-formylphenyl-1-phenyl-2-propene-1-ones (formylchalcones) in high yield. The Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide on the polymer bound aldehyde gave(p- and m-formylphenyl)phenylcarbinol in quantitative yield. Reduction of the polymer bound free aldehydes with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-aluminum hydride gave p- and m-hydroxymethylbenzaldehydes. Similarly the mixed benzoin condensation of polymer bound terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde gave p- and m-formylbenzils.
Basilar Membrane Tuning in the Cat Cochlea (1982)

The mechanical response of the basilar membrane changes mainly in the peak region with trauma to the cochlea. Basilar membrane tuning curves measured in cochleas with reduced trauma begin to look similar to tuning curves of auditory nerve fibers.
A differential switched-capacitor amplifier (1987)

A monolithic realization of a switched-capacitor amplifier is reported. It has op-amp offset voltage cancellation without requiring the output to slew to ground each time the amplifier is reset. The amplifier is very insensitive to low op-amp gain. It also has clock-feedthrough cancellation. Finally, it can be used as a differential amplifier with both inputs being sampled at the same instance.
5,5-Dialkyl-2,4-oxazolidinediones<sup>1,2</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5,5-Dialkyl-2,4-oxazolidinediones1,2Roger W. StoughtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 9, 2376–2379Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01854a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (412 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Centerline-based vessel segmentation using graph cuts (2015)

Complete and accurate segmentation of the vessel from 3D (three dimensional) CT images is challenging due to lowcontrast, combined with noise, and high variation of vessel size. We describe a novel centerline-based method to produce the accurate vessel segmentation. It starts with locating vessel centerline which will be used as guidance, followed by graph cuts, with edge-weights depending on the intensity of the centerline. The main advantage of our framework is that it detects vessel boundary in problematic regions that contain small vessels and noise. A comparison has been made with two state-of-the-art vessel segmentation methods. Quantitative results on synthetic data indicate that our method is more accurate than these methods. Furthermore, experimental results on clinical data have shown that our method is capable of detecting more detailed information of vessel. It is more accurate and robust that these state-of-the-art methods and is, therefore, more suited for automatic vessel extraction.
Full-Scale Tests of Lightweight Fragment Barriers on Commercial Aircraft (1999)

Because fragments from inflight engine failures can damage critical aircraft components and produce catastrophic consequences, the Federal Aviation Administration is sponsoring research to mitigate the effects of uncontained engine bursts. SRI International is evaluating the ballistic effectiveness of fabric structures made from advanced polymers and developing a computational ability to design fragment barriers. In this reporting period, SRI performed full scale fabric barrier tests on an aircraft fuselage at the Navy Air Warfare Center in China Lake, CA. The tests examined the effects of polymer material, number of plies, location of the fabric within the fuselage wall, and gripping arrangements. The results were very encouraging. For example, three plies of polybenzoxazole (PBO) Zylon woven fabric glued to the outboard side of the insulation packet and weighing only 0.05 g/sq cm (0.1 lb/sq ft) prevented a 166-g (0.37-lb) sharp edged fan blade fragment impacting edge-on at 230 m/s (756 ft/s) from penetrating into the cabin. The absorbed energy of 4400 joules (3250 ft-lb) is nearly an order of magnitude greater than that absorbed by the unfortified fuselage wall. The results confirmed that high strength polymer fabrics offer an extremely effective, low weight solution for mitigating the effects of uncontained turbine engine fragments on commercial aircraft.
Pharmacokinetics of Old, New, and Yet‐to‐Be‐Discovered Antiepileptic Drugs (1989)

The pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs have been investigated extensively during the last two decades. It has become evident that the therapeutic management of epileptic patients would be significantly improved with the elimination of the drawbacks associated with existing antiepileptic drugs. Based on the information accumulated to date, the following set of principles is proposed: (1) The requirement of central nervous system (CNS) penetration automatically creates vulnerability to CNS toxicity. (2) The narrower the therapeutic range of a given drug, the more limiting its pharmacokinetic properties become. (3) The requirements of chronic administration and compliance place narrow limits on the optimum half-life (24 h). (4) The practice of polytherapy and the potential for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions make it necessary to simplify metabolic schemes (i.e., use of metabolically directed design approaches). (5) New antiepileptic drugs have shown that widely different structures are associated with anticonvulsant properties--it becomes important to minimize toxicity and optimize pharmacokinetic characteristics early in the development of future antiepileptic drugs. (6) Yet-to-be-discovered antiepileptic drugs will probably include biotechnology-based pharmaceuticals. Such biologic agents as neuropeptides present a new set of pharmacokinetic requirements because they are generally receptor targeted, they do not cross absorption barriers easily, and they are labile and subject to degradation.
Halogenation of phenols and phenyl ethers with potassium halides in the presence of 18-crown-6 on oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (1987)

Several types of phenyl ethers have been monobrominated in the ring in good yields with potassium bromide in the presence of 18-crown-6 on oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Monoiodination takes place with both phenyl ethers and free phenols when potassium iodide is employed.