gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfatein the Management of Osteoarthritis (2001)

The goals of osteoarthritis therapy are to decrease pain and to maintain or improve joint function. The pharmacologic treatment of this condition has included the use of aspirin, acetaminophen, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. More recently, numerous studies have investigated the potential role of chondroprotective agents in repairing articular cartilage and decelerating the degenerative process. The reports of limited clinical experience with two of these agents, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, as well as the accompanying publicity in the popular media, have generated controversy. Advocates of these alternative modalities cite reports of progressive and gradual decline of joint pain and tenderness, improved mobility, sustained improvement after drug withdrawal, and a lack of significant toxicity associated with short-term use of these agents. Critics point out that in the great majority of the relevant clinical trials, sample sizes were small and follow-up was short-term.
Evaluation of network parameter dependencies of hierarchical optical path network cost considering waveband protection (2008)

We investigate how network parameters, the size of physical topology, and waveband capacity, affect the cost of the hierarchical optical path networks that utilize waveband protection.
Audio forensics meets Music Information Retrieval — A toolbox for inspection of music plagiarism (2012)

This paper presents a toolbox that has been developed in order to facilitate the inspection of suspected music plagiarism cases. The basic concept is the use of techniques from Music Information Retrieval for semi-automatic inspection of original and suspect song. Basic types of music plagiarism are discussed. Several signal processing approaches suitable to reveal these types are introduced. They are intended to be used under supervision of a human expert. Evaluation of the proposed methods in a non-supervised scenario is not within the scope of this paper.
Automated architectural reviews with Semmle (2012)

Keeping code at a high level of quality and in sync with the defined architecture is not a trivial matter when you are participating in a competitive market in which you would rather provide solutions today than tomorrow. Code checkers help, but most are too generic to be of real value and so end up being ignored. Customisable code checkers can provide real benefit at reasonable cost. By encoding company specific (or even project specific) rules, actual results become much more relevant. With the additional integration of UML diagrams and specifications into the code checker, it even becomes possible to manage the gap between the actual code and the architecture from day to day at reasonable cost.
Tensile deformation of electrospun nylon‐6,6 nanofibers (2006)

Abstract Nylon‐6,6 nanofibers were electrospun at an elongation rate of the order of 1000 s −1 and a cross‐sectional area reduction of the order of 0.33 × 10 5 . The influence of these process peculiarities on the intrinsic structure and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers is studied in the present work. Individual electrospun nanofibers with an average diameter of 550 nm were collected at take‐up velocities of 5 and 20 m/s and subsequently tested to assess their overall stress–strain characteristics; the testing included an evaluation of Young's modulus and the nanofibers' mechanical strength. The results for the as‐spun nanofibers were compared to the stress–strain characteristics of the melt‐extruded microfibers, which underwent postprocessing. For the nanofibers that were collected at 5 m/s the average elongation‐at‐break was 66%, the mechanical strength was 110 MPa, and Young's modulus was 453 MPa, for take‐up velocity of 20 m/s—61%, 150 and 950 MPa, respectively. The nanofibers displayed α‐crystalline phase (with triclinic cell structure). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1482–1489, 2006
Angiotensin II analogs. 7. Stereochemical factors in the 5 position influencing pressor activity. 2 (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAngiotensin II analogs. 7. Stereochemical factors in the 5 position influencing pressor activity. 2Eugene C. Jorgensen, Sambasiva R. Rapaka, Graham C. Windridge, and Thomas C. LeeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 10, 904–906Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00292a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00292a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spin Funneling for Enhanced Spin Injection into Ferromagnets (2016)

It is well-established that high spin-orbit coupling (SOC) materials convert a charge current density into a spin current density which can be used to switch a magnet efficiently and there is increasing interest in identifying materials with large spin Hall angle for lower switching current. Using experimentally benchmarked models, we show that composite structures can be designed using existing spin Hall materials such that the effective spin Hall angle is larger by an order of magnitude. The basic idea is to funnel spins from a large area of spin Hall material into a small area of ferromagnet using a normal metal with large spin diffusion length and low resistivity like Cu or Al. We show that this approach is increasingly effective as magnets get smaller. We avoid unwanted charge current shunting by the low resistive NM layer utilizing the newly discovered phenomenon of pure spin conduction in ferromagnetic insulators via magnon diffusion. We provide a spin circuit model for magnon diffusion in FMI that is benchmarked against recent experiments and theory.
Microwave Measurements (1962)

There are presented briefly the measurement techniques that are most closely associated with microwaves (the frequency range of 0.3 to 300 Gc or the wavelength range of 1 meter to 1 mm). After a logical classification of such measurements in confined space (such as waveguides) the subject is introduced by a review of the principles peculiar to microwaves. Typical of this frequency range is the standing-wave technique and the reflection chart, utilized for evaluating and presenting the "normalized" value of any impedance relative to the wave impedance in a waveguide. More conventional methods are employed for evaluating transmission properties (attenuation and phase shift) by comparison with primary or secondary standards. Various special methods are discussed, including some of those most in need of further development in the future.
Adaptive Chip Cooling Using Electrowetting on Coplanar Control Electrodes (2010)

As a result of the increasing speed, expanding functionality, and decreasing size of microprocessors and integrated chips, heat dissipation power density has been rapidly growing over the past two decades. Advanced cooling techniques to meet this rising demand are crucial. Recently, electrowetting transport of liquid droplets has drawn significant interest in thermal management because of its digital programmable and reconfigurable characteristics. With a two-dimensional array of control electrodes patterned on a surface, cooling droplets can be transported along a programmable path to a hot spot without the need for mechanical moving parts. For adaptive cooling of electronic devices using electrowetting, we designed novel coplanar control electrodes, in which the electrode units were used interchangeably as the activating and the ground electrodes. In this article, we report electrowetting actuation of liquid droplets along specially designed control electrodes in an open-plate configuration. At the chip level, one water droplet of ∼14 μL transmitted by our actuation mechanism can rapidly cool down a hot spot of 27 W/cm2 by as much as 30°C. Furthermore, in a parallel-plate configuration with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on the cover plate, our test results indicate that multiscale roughness can lead to superhydrophobicity and electrowetting transport over the superhydrophobic surface can reduce the pressure loss significantly.
CST: Constructive Solid Trimming for Rendering BReps and CSG (2007)

Abstract-To eliminate the need to evaluate the intersection curves in explicit representations of surface cutouts or of trimmed faces in BReps of CSG solids, we advocate using Constructive Solid Trimming (CST). A CST face is the intersection of a surface with a Blist representation of a trimming CSG volume. We propose a new GPU-based CSG rendering algorithm that trims the boundary of each primitive using a Blist of its active zone. This approach is faster than the previously reported Blister approach, eliminates occasional speckles of wrongly colored pixels, and provides additional capabilities: painting on surfaces, rendering semitransparent CSG models, and highlighting selected features in the BReps of CSG models.
Comparative performance tests on the Mod-2, 2.5-mW wind turbine with and without vortex generators (1995)

A test program was conducted on the third Mod-2 unit at Goldendale, Washington, to systematically study the effect of vortex generators (VG's) on power performance. The subject unit was first tested without VG's to obtain baseline data. Vortex generators were then installed on the mid-blade assemblies, and the resulting 70% VG configuration was tested. Finally, vortex generators were mounted on the tip assemblies, and data was recorded for the 100% VG configuration. This test program and its results are discussed in this paper. The development of vortex generators is also presented.
In Vitro Killing of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with Drug Combinations (2004)

This study employs time-kill techniques to examine the most common drug combinations used in the therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, vancomycin plus either gentamicin or rifampin. Community-associated MRSA were more likely to be synergistically inhibited by combinations of vancomycin and gentamicin versus vancomycin alone compared to inhibition associated with hospital-acquired strains.
Mutual Coupling Reduction in Patch Antenna Arrays by Using a Planar EBG Structure and a Multilayer Dielectric Substrate (2008)

Periodic structures can help in the reduction of mutual coupling by using their capability of suppressing surface waves propagation in a given frequency range. The purpose of this work is to show the viability of using a planar electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure based on a truncated frequency selective surface (FSS) grounded slab to this aim. The goal is to use it in patch antenna arrays, keeping both the element separation smaller than for grating lobes avoidance (assuming broadside case) and the patch antenna size large enough to have a good antenna directivity. To this aim, a multilayer dielectric substrate composed of high and low permittivity layers is convenient. This allows the use of a planar EBG structure made of small elements printed on the high permittivity material and, at the same time, the low permittivity layer helps the bandwidth and the directivity of the antenna to be increased. The EBG structure was designed under these premises and optimized for the particular application via an external optimization algorithm based on evolutionary computation: ant colony optimization (ACO). The mutual coupling reduction has been measured and it is larger than 10 dB with a completely planar structure.
Integrating virtual environments with high performance computing (2002)

Virtual environments will be naturally integrated with high performance computing (HPC) since: (a) advanced grand challenge type simulations will benefit from dynamic virtual environment front-ends, and (b) advanced virtual environments will require simulation engines based on high performance computing resources. Such an integration minimally requires interoperability and standardized interfaces between both components. The discussion of these requirements is extended and it is shown how relevant design issues can be elegantly addressed by the multilashing object-oriented visual interactive environment (MOVIE) system, currently under development at North Parllel Architectures Center as an infrastructure layer for dynamic interactive HPC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Access Map Pattern Matching for High Performance Data Cache Prefetch (2011)

Hardware data prefetching is widely adopted to hide long memory latency. A hardware data prefetcher predicts the memory address that will be accessed in the near future and fetches the data at the predicted address into the cache memory in advance. To detect memory access patterns such as a constant stride, most existing prefetchers use differences between addresses in a sequence of memory accesses. However, prefetching based on the differences often fail to detect memory access patterns when aggressive optimizations are applied. For example, out-of-order execution changes the memory access order. It causes inaccurate prediction because the sequence of memory addresses used to calculate the difference are changed by the optimization. To overcome the problems of existing prefetchers, we propose Access Map Pattern Matching (AMPM). The AMPM prefetcher has two key components: a memory access map and hardware pattern matching logic. The memory access map is a bitmap-like data structure for holding past memory accesses. The AMPM prefetcher divides the memory address space into memory regions of a fixed size. The memory access map is mapped to the
An SOI Based Polarization Insensitive Filter for All-optical Clock Recovery (2014)

We propose and fabricate an SOI based polarization diversity scheme consisting of two 2D grating couplers and a micro ring resonator. Based on this scheme, all-optical polarization insensitive clock recovery has been demonstrated successfully.
Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with hypertonic saline or lactated Ringer's (effect on the pulmonary and systemic microcirculations). (1983)

We compared the use of hypertonic salt solution (300 mEq Na/liter) with Ringer's lactate as an initial resuscitation fluid for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. We monitored vascular pressures and cardiac output as well as microvascular function using chronic lymph fistulae in the lung and soft tissues to reflect transvascular fluid and protein flux. Seven unanesthetized sheep were bled to an aortic pressure of 50 mm Hg (2 hours) on two occasions 4-5 days apart, and were resuscitated initially with either lactated Ringer's (LR) or hypertonic saline (HS) to restore left atrial pressure to baseline. This was followed later by the blood return. We found that cardiac output with HS was significantly increased over that with LR, 8.9 +/- 1.8, compared with 6.0 +/- 1.1, in the immediate postresuscitation period with comparable volumes in both groups. Urine output was increased twofold with HS over LR. The initial pulmonary hypertension seen with LR was eliminated with HS. Lymph flow in lung and soft tissue increased to a comparable degree in both groups, the increase being explained by the degree of plasma hypoproteinemia which was present. We conclude that HS increases cardiac output with less net fluid, decreases pulmonary vascular resistance, and does not result in more edema formation when compared with lactated Ringer's as an initial fluid for treatment of hemorrhagic shock.
Rule-based controller design algorithm for discrete event manufacturing systems (2005)

A modern system theory point of view is offered for the design of sequencing controllers for discrete event manufacturing systems, whereby the controller is considered as separate from the workcell. The controller has a rule-based structure with inner loops where no shared-resource conflict resolution is required, and extra control inputs in an outer loop to resolve conflict and remove deadlock (where needed). The controller design is based on the required task sequence and the available resources; it is described by linear (i.e. matrix) and nonlinear logical equations. The controller-workcell interaction expressed both in qualitative and quantitative terms supports a rigorous analysis of conflicts and deadlock. Three methods for conflict and deadlock resolution related to current work are efficiently incorporated in the general design framework. The design algorithm naturally accommodates a performance analysis in terms of the (R,max,+) representation as a consequence of the link established between that approach and the rule-based controller equations. Compatibility with other analysis/design techniques is briefly addressed.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State NMR (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thrombin- and histamine-induced signal transduction in human endothelial cells. Stimulation and agonist-dependent desensitization of protein phosphorylation. (1991)

Treatment of human endothelial cells with thrombin, histamine, or dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8), a synthetic diacylglycerol, resulted in the rapid and transient phosphorylation of a Mr = 29,000 protein (P29) in a dose-dependent manner. Various tumor promoters also promoted P29 phosphorylation while the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, did not. The level of phosphorylation with all three agonists was similar (2.5-4 fold), and analysis of P29 by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed identical patterns in each case. Receptor specificity was demonstrated for the histamine-stimulated changes; pyrilamine (10(-6) M; H1) but not cimetidine (10(-4); H2) blocked the response. The thrombin effect was active site-dependent. Phosphorylation induced by thrombin and histamine occurred within 1 min, peaked between 5 and 10 min, and returned to control levels by 1 h. DiC8-induced phosphorylation occurred more slowly but was also reduced by 1 h while phorbol ester treatment prolonged phosphorylation for at least 4 h. Treatment of these cells with thrombin or histamine for 1 h desensitized P29 to further phosphorylation by the homologous agonist although secondary phosphorylation could occur with heterologous compounds. However, if the primary agonist was removed following the onset of a desensitized state, secondary phosphorylation of P29 could be stimulated by the same compound. These same results were observed with two other phosphoproteins Mr = 18,000 (P18) and 80,000 (P80) which became more highly phosphorylated in response to thrombin treatment and with histamine/thrombin-stimulated prostaglandin I2 production. In contrast, homologous down-regulation of P29 phosphorylation was not observed with DiC8-treated cells, and the decline in phosphorylated P29 was associated with the loss of functional DiC8. The protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine and H-7 blocked P18 and P80 phosphorylation by thrombin but had no effect on P29 phosphorylation by histamine, thrombin, or DiC8 suggesting distinct pathways leading to the phosphorylation of these different proteins. These data suggest that multiple and independent thrombin/histamine-induced events are susceptible to receptor occupancy-dependent homologous down-regulation.
D <sub>1</sub> and D <sub>2</sub> Dopamine Receptor-regulated Gene Expression of Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Neurons (1990)

The striatum, which is the major component of the basal ganglia in the brain, is regulated in part by dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra. Severe movement disorders result from the loss of striatal dopamine in patients with Parkinson's disease. Rats with lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway caused by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) serve as a model for Parkinson's disease and show alterations in gene expression in the two major output systems of the striatum to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Striatopallidal neurons show a 6-OHDA-induced elevation in their specific expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding the D2 dopamine receptor and enkephalin, which is reversed by subsequent continuous treatment with the D2 agonist quinpirole. Conversely, striatonigral neurons show a 6-OHDA-induced reduction in their specific expression of mRNAs encoding the D1 dopamine receptor and substance P, which is reversed by subsequent daily injections of the D1 agonist SKF-38393. This treatment also increases dynorphin mRNA in striatonigral neurons. Thus, the differential effects of dopamine on striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons are mediated by their specific expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes, respectively.
Projections to the frontal cortex from the posterior parietal region in the rhesus monkey (1984)

The projections to the frontal cortex from the various subdivisions of the posterior parietal region in the rhesus monkey were studied by means of autoradiographic technique. The rostral superior parietal lobule (area PE) projects to the dorsal areas 4 and 6 on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe as well as to the supplementary motor area (MII) on its medial surface. The caudal area PE sends its connections to dorsal area 6 and MII. The projections from the medial parietal cortex (areas PEc and PGm) are similar to those of the superior parietal lobule but they tend to concentrate in the more rostral part of dorsal area 6, MII, and in the cingulate gyrus (area 24). The most caudal part of the medial parietal cortex also projects to area 8. The anteriormost part of the inferior parietal lobule (area PF) projects to the ventral area 6, including the caudal bank of the lower branch of the arcuate sulcus, to the ventral area 46 below the sulcus principalis, and to the frontal and pericentral opercular cortex. The middle inferior parietal lobule (areas PFG and PG) projects to the ventral part of area 46 and area 8, whilst the posteriormost inferior parietal lobule (caudal PG and area Opt) is connected with both dorsal and ventral area 46, dorsal area 8, as well as the anteriormost dorsal area 6, and the cingulate gyrus (area 24).