gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Putting the fill unit to work: dynamic optimizations for trace cache microprocessors (1998)

The fill unit is the structure which collects blocks of instructions and combines them into multi-block segments for storage in a trace cache. In this paper we expand the role of the fill unit to include four dynamic optimizations: (1) Register move instructions are explicitly marked, enabling them to be executed within the decode logic, (2) Immediate values of dependent instructions are combined, if possible, which removes a step in the dependency chain. (3) Dependent pairs of shift and add instructions are combined into scaled add instructions. (4) Instructions are arranged within the trace segment to minimize the impact of the latency through the operand bypass network. Together these dynamic trace optimizations improve performance on the SPECint95 benchmarks by more than 17% and over all the benchmarks studied by slightly more than 18%.
Effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and cetylpyridinium chloride on whole cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

Chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA) and the quaternary ammonium compound, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), were fungicidal to Saccharomyces cerevisiae A364A and CHA to its mannoprotein mutant LB6-5D. Both CHA and CPC induced leakage of K+ and pentose material from both strains and both agents induced protoplast lysis as well as interacting with crude cell sap. Differences were observed between CHA and CPC in protoplast lysis and in cell sap interaction. Q25 values for A364A with CHA as test agent were 5.6 and 1.6 (fungicidal activity, depending on method of calculation), 1.46 (cell sap interaction) and 0.77 (leakage of pentoses). A sub-lytic concentration of CHA reduced considerably protoplast regeneration. Although the plasma membrane is an important target site for both agents, interaction with other cellular components also contributes to fungal death.
Aligned carbon nanotubes for through-wafer interconnects (2007)

Through-wafer interconnects by aligned carbon nanotube for three-dimensional stack integrated chip packaging applications have been reported in this letter. Two silicon wafers are bonded together by tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate. The top wafer (100μm thick) with patterned through-holes allows carbon nanotubes to grow vertically from the catalyst layer (Fe) on the bottom wafer. By using thermal chemical vapor deposition technique, the authors have demonstrated the capability of growing aligned carbon nanotube bundles with an average length of 140μm and a diameter of 30μm from the through holes. The resistivity of the bundles is measured to be 0.0097Ωcm by using a nanomanipulator.
Effects of Low Power Laser Irradiation on Intracellular Calcium and Histamine Release in RBL‐2H3 Mast Cells (2007)

Although laser irradiation has been reported to promote skin wound healing, the mechanism is still unclear. As mast cells are found to accumulate at the site of skin wounds we hypothesized that mast cells might be involved in the biological effects of laser irradiation. In this work the mast cells, RBL-2H3, were used in vitro to investigate the effects of laser irradiation on cellular responses. After laser irradiation, the amount of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was increased, followed by histamine release, as measured by confocal fluorescence microscopy with Fluo-3/AM staining and a fluorescence spectrometer with o-phthalaldehyde staining, respectively. The histamine release was mediated by the increment of [Ca2+]i from the influx of the extracellular buffer solution through the cation channel protein, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). The TRPV4 inhibitor, Ruthenium Red (RR) can effectively block such histamine release, indicating that TRPV4 was the key factor responding to laser irradiation. These induced responses of mast cells may provide an explanation for the biological effects of laser irradiation on promoting wound healing, as histamine is known to have multi-functions on accelerating wound healing.
What are the Odds? (2013)

Probabilistic programming is a powerful high-level paradigm for probabilistic modeling and inference. We present Odds, a small domain-specific language (DSL) for probabilistic programming, embedded in Scala. Odds provides first-class support for random variables and probabilistic choice, while reusing Scala's abstraction and modularity facilities for composing probabilistic computations and for executing deterministic program parts. Odds accurately represents possibly dependent random variables using a probability monad that models committed choice. This monadic representation of probabilistic models can be combined with a range of inference procedures. We present engines for exact inference, rejection sampling and importance sampling with look-ahead, but other types of solvers are conceivable as well. We evaluate Odds on several non-trivial probabilistic programs from the literature and we demonstrate how the basic probabilistic primitives can be used to build higher-level abstractions, such as rule-based logic programming facilities, using advanced Scala features.
Multimers of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)–FGF receptor–saccharide complex are formed on long oligomers of heparin (2006)

The minimal signalling unit for tyrosine kinase receptors is two protomers dimerized by one or more ligands. However, it is clear that maximal signalling requires the formation of larger complexes of many receptors at discrete foci on the cell surface. The biological interactions that lead to this are likely to be diverse and have system specific components. In the present study, we demonstrate that, in the FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-FGFR (FGF receptor) system, multimers of the minimal complex composed of two FGF1 and two FGFR2 protomers can form on a single chain of the co-receptor heparin. Using size-exclusion chromatography, we show that two complexes can form on heparin chains as small as 16 saccharide units. We also show by MS that discrete complexes containing exactly two copies of the minimal signalling unit are formed. However, the doublet of complexes appears to be less co-operative than the formation of the 2:2:1 FGF1:FGFR2:heparin complex, suggesting that this mechanism is one of a number of weaker interactions that might be involved in the formation of a focal complex on the cell surface.
Pervasive games in a mote-enabled virtual world using tuple space middleware (2006)

Pervasive games are a new and exciting field where the user experience benefits from the blending of real and virtual elements. Players are no longer confined to computer screens. Rather, interactions with devices embedded within the real world and physical movements become an integral part of the gaming experience. Several prototypes of pervasive games have been proposed by both industry and academia. However, in such games the issues arising from the integration of players and real world, the management of the context surrounding the players, and the need for communication and distributed coordination are often addressed in an ad-hoc fashion. Therefore, the underlying software fabric is often not reusable, ultimately slowing down the diffusion of pervasive games.
Expression of Aromatase Cytochrome P450 Protein and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Human Endometriotic and Adenomyotic Tissues but not in Normal Endometrium1 (1997)

To determine whether local estrogen production takes place in endometriotic or adenomyotic tissues, in eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis, and in normal endometrium, tissue specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry, catalytic activity, and mRNA expression for aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom). P450arom was immunohistochemically localized in the cytoplasm of glandular cells of endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues, and of eutopic endometrium from patients with the respective diseases, whereas estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were localized in the nuclei of the glandular cells and stroma. Aromatase activity in the microsomal fraction of adenomyotic tissues was inhibited by the addition of danazol, aromatase inhibitors, and anti-human placental P450arom monoclonal antibody (mAb3-2C2) in a manner similar to such inhibition in other human tissues. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis also revealed P450arom mRNA in these tissues. However, neither P450arom protein activity nor mRNA was detected in endometrial specimens obtained from normal menstruating women with cervical carcinoma in situ but without any other gynecological disease. These results suggest that at a local level, endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues produce estrogens, which may be involved in the tissue growth through interacting with the estrogen receptor.
Molecular assays for the detection of prostate tumor derived nucleic acids in peripheral blood (2010)

CTCs were successfully enriched and detected in men with advanced prostate cancer using an immunomagnetic enrichment procedure coupled with amplified molecular assays for PSA, PCA3, and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion mRNAs. Our results indicate that men who test positive following CTC enrichment also exhibit higher detectable levels of non-cellular, circulating prostate-specific mRNAs.
THE SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF CALCIUM ION IN MAMMALIAN MYOCARDIUM (1969)

This study was designed to investigate the proposition that subcellular calcium is sequestered in specific sites in mammalian myocardium. 29 functioning dog papillary muscles were fixed through the intact vascular supply by means of osmium tetroxide containing a 2% concentration of potassium pyroantimonate (K(2)H(2)Sb(2)O(7).(4)H(2)O). Tissue examined in the electron microscope showed a consistent and reproducible localization of the electron-opaque pyroantimonate salts of sodium and calcium to distinct sites in the tissue. Sodium pyroantimonate was found exclusively in the extracellular space and clustered at the sarcolemmal membrane. Calcium pyroantimonate, on the other hand, identified primarily by its susceptibility to removal by chelation with EGTA and EDTA, was consistently found densely concentrated in the lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and over the sarcomeric I bands. M zones were virtually free of precipitate. The implications of these findings with respect to various parameters of muscle function are discussed.
Activation of bovine factor VII by hageman factor fragments (1977)

During the early events of coagulation of human blood by the intrinsic pathway, factor XII is activated to a form which can activate factor XI, and is proteolytically fragmented to smaller species (30,000 daltons and 70,000 daltons) which have lost most of the ability to activate factor XI but which can activate prekallikrein rapidly. The effect of these fragments on factor VII was studied. It was found that these Hageman factor fragments promoted rapid proteolysis of one-chain factor VII to a more active two-chain form. The amino-terminal sequences of the chains of activated factor VII were found to be Ala- Asx-Gly- and Ile-Val-Gly-, the same as were earlier observed after activation of factor VII by activated factor X. This finding indicates that initiation of coagulation by the intrinsic pathway also primes the extrinsic pathway.
On Vehicle Driving Cycle Simulation (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to estimate vehicle energy consumption and emissions, it is common to carry out a <i>driving cycle simulation</i>. In a conventional analysis for this purpose, the vehicle speed is prescribed to follow a function of time exactly. Such an analysis is quasi-stationary, i.e., the transient behavior of the system is not fully taken care of. The direction of cause and effect is unnatural. The opposite is a <i>driver controlled model</i>, where an active driver model tries to achieve the driving cycle speed by choosing a proper accelerator pedal position. Such a model requires <i>transient</i> analysis.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Need of more accurate simulations and studies of new driveline concepts call for transient driving cycle analysis. Examples on and classification of such cases are presented in this paper. The paper also presents a <i>DAE approach</i> to the modelling and analysis. A <i>DAE</i> is a <i>differential-algebraic equation</i> and such an approach accepts both transient and quasi-stationary analysis and is therefore held for superior. There is numerous of commercial software supporting a DAE approach.</div>
Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: current preventive measures and emerging options. (1996)

Various approaches to prevention and control of microbial contamination of dental unit water are evolving. Currently available methods and emerging technologies are reviewed here in the context of contemporary federal regulatory and advisory agency positions on water quality in the dental operatory. Clean water systems, fully autoclavable systems, and a variety of devices designed to provide physical barriers to the influx and accumulation of microbial contaminants can all be used to assure satisfactory quality for coolant and irrigant water. There is one important proviso: all require a commitment to maintenance if they are to be deployed successfully. Stricter adherence to American Dental Association/American National Standards Institute standards in manufacturing and production and compliance with federal regulatory marketing procedures for equipment and devices would do much to advance the cause of dental unit water quality control.
Comparative estimation of nitrogen in urea and its derivative products using TKN, CHNS and hand-held refractometer (2022)

In this paper, a comparative analysis between the hand-held refractometer and other methods (TKN and CHNS) was accomplished for the estimation of nitrogen percentage (N%) in urea, nano urea fertilizer, and diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. In order to compare the performance of all methods/devices, the detection of N% in different concentrations of urea, nano urea, and DEF were evaluated in terms of their linearity. The most important finding of this study was that the refractometer-based device revealed a good linear coefficient up to 40% urea solution (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99918) among other approaches, which means the estimation of N% is more close to the theoretical value. Moreover, the refractometer has detected the urea, nano urea, and DEF samples within 3 s which were quite fast as compared to other tested methods and no requirement of any chemicals during the sample preparation and analyses. Thus, the finding of this study suggests that a hand-held urea refractometer-based portable device can be used for onsite N% determination by the fertilizer and DEF manufacturing industries and their customers due to its low cost, low power requirement, reliable estimation, rapid N% detection, and its environmental suitability.
Topical treatment of acne vulgaris: Retinoids and cutaneous irritation (1998)

Acne vulgaris is a disease of sebaceous follicles that involves a multifactored pathophysiology. 1 Leyden JJ. Therapy for acne vulgaris. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1156-1162 Crossref PubMed Scopus (232) Google Scholar Excessive sebum production, combined with abnormal desquamation of follicular epithelium, leads to an accumulation of these materials such that the lumina of sebaceous follicles become distended. This precursor, microscopic stage is known as a microcomedo. In this environment, Propionibacterium acnes proliferates and its production of proinflammatory chemotactic and cytokine factors is responsible for the inflammation of acne. 2 Vowels BR Yang S Leyden JJ. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacterium acnes: implications for chronic inflammatory acne. Infect Immun. 1995; 63: 3158-3165 PubMed Google Scholar , 3 Webster GF Leyden JJ. Characterization of serum-independent polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic factors produced by Propionibacterium acnes. Inflammation. 1996; 4: 362-384 Google Scholar , 4 Webster GF Leyden JJ Nilson R. Complement activation in acne vulgaris: consumption of complement by comedones. Infect Immun. 1979; 26: 183-186 PubMed Google Scholar
Inborn error of amino acid synthesis: Human glutamine synthetase deficiency (2005)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, being involved in ammonia detoxification and interorgan nitrogen flux. Inherited systemic deficiency of glutamine based on a defect of glutamine synthetase was recently described in two newborns with an early fatal course of disease. Glutamine was largely absent in their serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Each of the patients had a homozygous mutation in the glutamine synthetase gene and enzymatic investigations confirmed that these mutations lead to a severely reduced glutamine synthetase activity. From the observation in the first patients with congenital glutamine synthetase deficiency, brain malformation can be expected as one of the leading signs. In addition, other organ systems are probably involved as observed in one of the index patients who suffered from severe enteropathy and necrolytic erythema of the skin. Deficiency of GS has to be added to the list of inherited metabolic disorders as a rare example of a defect in the biosynthesis of an amino acid.
Forward Thinking: Building Deep Random Forests (2017)

The success of deep neural networks has inspired many to wonder whether other learners could benefit from deep, layered architectures. We present a general framework called forward thinking for deep learning that generalizes the architectural flexibility and sophistication of deep neural networks while also allowing for (i) different types of learning functions in the network, other than neurons, and (ii) the ability to adaptively deepen the network as needed to improve results. This is done by training one layer at a time, and once a layer is trained, the input data are mapped forward through the layer to create a new learning problem. The process is then repeated, transforming the data through multiple layers, one at a time, rendering a new dataset, which is expected to be better behaved, and on which a final output layer can achieve good performance. In the case where the neurons of deep neural nets are replaced with decision trees, we call the result a Forward Thinking Deep Random Forest (FTDRF). We demonstrate a proof of concept by applying FTDRF on the MNIST dataset. We also provide a general mathematical formulation that allows for other types of deep learning problems to be considered.
Different regimes in vertical capillary filling (2013)

In this paper, we identify that the different regimes encountered in a vertical capillary filling or a capillary-rise problem are determined entirely by two dimensionless parameters: Ohnesorge number (Oh) and Bond number (Bo). The initial universal inertial regime, which has been analyzed in our recent paper [Das et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 067301 (2012)], is followed by any one of three possible regimes, dictated by the ratio Oh/Bo. For Oh/Bo>>1, the viscous effects dominate the gravitational effects, and one encounters the classical Washburn regime. For the other limit, i.e., Oh/Bo<<1, the viscous effects are insignificant and there is no Washburn regime. On the contrary, the inertial regime transits to the oscillatory regime with the filling length ℓ oscillating about the Jurin height (~1/Bo), which is the maximum height attained by a liquid column in vertical capillary filling, with the viscous effects (~Oh) dictating the nature of the oscillations. For Oh/Bo~1, we get a behavior intermediate of these two extreme regimes. Finally, we identify the correct force picture that drives the oscillatory regime and in the process achieve quantitative match with the experimental results, that was precluded in the previous studies.
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Fluids (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical FluidsPhilip G. Jessop, Takao Ikariya, and Ryoji NoyoriView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2, 475–494Publication Date (Web):January 5, 1999Publication History Received6 April 1998Revised21 August 1998Published online5 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970037ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970037aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4187Altmetric-Citations686LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Liquids,Solubility,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Quasi-regular surface representation (2004)

Automatically generated or laser-scanned surfaces often exhibit large clusters with a uniform pattern. To take advantage of the regularity within clusters, a two-level mesh data structure (called Qreg) was proposed and implemented. Extending patch-based structures, Qreg uses a spiral enumeration scheme and an adjustable connectivity stencil to support efficient pointer-less access within each cluster as well as easy access across cluster boundaries. Attributes are generic and user-definable; and are allocated according to the index order of the spiral enumeration. Qreg also supports novel properties: multi-sided clusters, T-corners between the clusters, cluster joining and splitting, and adaptive as well as LOD refinement. 
An algorithmic framework was proposed to support surface modeling in programmable graphics hardware. The framework uses a patch-based mesh data structure that is similar to Qreg. A future graphics processor unit (GPU), enhanced with random read and write to video memory, was shown to be able to represent, refine and adjust complex meshes arising in modeling, simulation and animation. To leverage SIMD parallelism, a general model based on the mesh atlas is developed and a particular implementation without adjacency pointers was proposed in which primal, binary refinement of (possibly mixed) quadrilateral and triangular meshes of arbitrary topological genus, as well as their traversal is supported by user-transparent programmable graphics hardware. Adjustment, such as subdivision smoothing rules, is realized via user-programmable mesh shader routines. Attributes are defined in the graphics application by binding them to one of several addressing mechanisms.