gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Selective Targeting of Checkpoint Kinase 1 in Tumor Cells with a Novel Potent Oncolytic Adenovirus (2006)

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were reported between images in this article and an article in Clinical Cancer Research (Zhou et al., 2005, Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 8431-8440, https://10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1085). Q.J., J.Z., X.H., G.C., Y.L., K.L., L.Z., and D.M. were all authors of the Clinical Cancer Research paper as well. These concerns were initially reported in a Pubpeer thread (https://pubpeer.com/publications/FF881782FF5AFD316D42E0C0F00766). Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image recycling in Figures 2A and 3B of the Molecular Therapy article. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system.
Systematic defect identification through layout snippet clustering (2010)

Systematic defects due to design-process interactions are a dominant component of integrated circuit (IC) yield loss in nano-scaled technologies. Test structures do not adequately represent the product in terms of feature diversity and feature volume, and therefore are unable to identify all the systematic defects that affect the product. This paper describes a method that uses diagnosis to identify layout features that do not yield as expected. Specifically, clustering techniques are applied to layout snippets of diagnosis-implicated regions from (ideally) a statistically-significant number of IC failures for identifying feature commonalties. Experiments involving an industrial chip demonstrate the identification of possible systematic yield loss due to lithographic hotspots.
Postharvest Control of<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>on Cut Rose Flowers with Pyrrolnitrin (1993)

Pyrrolnitrin, an antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia, was tested for postharvest control of Botrytis cinerea infections on cut Sonia and Royalty rose flowers. After pyrrolnitrin was applied as a bud dip, buds were inoculated with conidia of B. cinerea and stored for 7 days at 2 C. Dip treatments of 12-200 mg/L significantly reduced lesion development during storage at 2 C and promoted poststorage fresh weight gain (an index of cut flower quality). No phytotoxicity was observed on leaves or petals at concentrations of pyrrolnitrin up to 200 mg/L. Dip treatment with 100 mg/L reduced lesion development by about 90% compared to inoculated control flowers and prevented poststorage flower rot (.)
A New Cytotoxic Amide from the Stem Wood of<i>Hibiscus tiliaceus</i> (2006)

A new coumarin, hibiscusin, and a new amide, hibiscusamide, together with eleven known compounds including vanillic acid, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, P-hydroxybenzaldehyde, scopoletin, N- trans-feruloyltyramine, N-cis-feruloyltyramine, a mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, a mixture of beta-sitostenone and stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one were isolated from the stem wood of Hibiscus tiliaceus. The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectral analyses. Among the isolates, three compounds exhibited cytotoxicity (IC (50) values < 4 microg/mL) against P-388 and/or HT-29 cell lines in vitro.
Co(III) Complexes as p-Dopants in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

Following our recent work on the use of Co(III) complexes as p-type dopants for triarylamine-based organic hole-conductors, we herein report on two new Co(III) complexes for doping applications. With the aim of ameliorating the dopant’s suitability for its use in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, we show how the properties of the dopant can be easily adjusted by a slight modification of the molecular structure. We prove the eligibility of the two new dopants by characterizing their optical and electrochemical properties and give evidence that both of them can be used to oxidize the molecular hole-transporter spiro-MeOTAD. Finally, we fabricate high-performance solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using a state-of-the-art metal-free organic sensitizer in order to elucidate the influence of the type of dopant on device performance.
Phomopsis canker of fig: Fig tree canker caused by wound parasite can be controlled by proper treatment (1949)

Control of fig canker can be effected by new pruning and cutting methods.
Multiscale Photoacoustic Microscopy of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Incorporated Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2011)

Three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds provide structural support and function as substrates for cells and bioactive molecules necessary for tissue regeneration. Noninvasive real-time imaging of scaffolds and/or the process of tissue formation within the scaffold remains a challenge. Microcomputed tomography, the widely used technique to characterize polymeric scaffolds, shows poor contrast for scaffolds immersed in biological fluids, thereby limiting its utilities under physiological conditions. In this article, multiscale photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), consisting of both acoustic-resolution PAM (AR-PAM) and optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM), was employed to image and characterize single-walled carbon-nanotube (SWNT)-incorporated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer scaffolds immersed in biological buffer. SWNTs were incorporated to reinforce the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, and to enhance the photoacoustic signal from the scaffolds. By choosing excitation wavelengths of 570 and 638 nm, multiscale PAM could spectroscopically differentiate the photoacoustic signals generated from blood and from carbon-nanotube-incorporated scaffolds. OR-PAM, providing a fine lateral resolution of 2.6 μm with an adequate tissue penetration of 660 μm, successfully quantified the average porosity and pore size of the scaffolds to be 86.5%±1.2% and 153±15 μm in diameter, respectively. AR-PAM further extended the tissue penetration to 2 mm at the expense of lateral resolution (45 μm). Our results suggest that PAM is a promising tool for noninvasive real-time imaging and monitoring of tissue engineering scaffolds in vitro, and in vivo under physiological conditions.
DNA methylation of retinoic acid receptor β in breast cancer and possible therapeutic role of 5-aza-2ʼ-deoxycytidine (1999)

The retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta), a putative tumor suppressor gene, has been reported to be poorly expressed in breast cancer. In this report using the methylation-specific PCR reaction we observed DNA methylation in the promoter region of RARbeta in several primary breast tumors. DNA sequence analysis showed that the positions of 5-methylcytosine in the RARbeta promoter region was almost identical to that reported previously by our laboratory for human DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells (Anti-Cancer Drugs 1998; 9: 743). Several other cancer-related genes have been also reported to be silenced by DNA methylation, including the p16 tumor suppressor gene, E-cadherin, an invasion suppressor gene and the estrogen receptor gene in breast cancer cell lines. Since breast cancer cells have several potential target genes for the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), we investigated the in vitro antineoplastic activity of this analog on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. We report that 5-Aza-CdR is a potent growth inhibitor and a potent cytotoxic agent against the breast carcinoma cells. These results suggest that 5-Aza-CdR may be an interesting agent to investigate in patients with breast cancer resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
ELECTORAL PRACTICE: NORMANDY (2007)

The geographical limits of the duchy of Normandy coincided almost exactly with those of the ecclesiastical province of Rouen. The dioceses of Rouen and Sées extended beyond the Norman frontier, but the other five dioceses of Evreux, Bayeux, Lisieux, Coutances, and Avranches were situated within the borders of the duchy. The duke was by far the most important lord in the duchy and his control over the Norman church, including episcopal elections, was undisputed by the time of Henry I's death in 1135. The election of Richard, a natural son of Robert, earl of Gloucester, and thus a grandson of Henry I, to the see of Bayeux in 1133–5 illustrates this very clearly. Possibly on Robert's initiative, Henry I brought about Richard's election, but Hugh, archbishop of Rouen, refused to consecrate the candidate, probably on the grounds of Richard's illegitimacy. Henry I then turned to Pope Innocent II, pressing him to order Hugh to comply with his will. Unwilling to risk a breach with Henry over this question, Innocent complied and Hugh consecrated Richard. In the course of the dispute neither Hugh nor the pope questioned Henry's role in the electoral process. After Henry I's death, however, the struggle for succession between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda shook the political landscape in Normandy. While ducal authority weakened, other political forces, notably the aristocracy, increased their power.
A macrophage marker, siglec‐1, is increased on circulating monocytes in patients with systemic sclerosis and induced by type i interferons and toll‐like receptor agonists (2007)

Increased expression of Siglec-1 in circulating SSc monocytes and tissue macrophages suggests that type I IFN-mediated activation of monocytes occurs in SSc, possibly through TLR activation of IFN secretion. These observations indicate a potential role for type I IFN-activated monocyte/macrophages in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Understanding the Mechanism of Solvent‐Mediated Adhesion of Vacuum Deposited Au and Pt Thin Films onto PMMA Substrates (2012)

Abstract The adhesion of vapor deposited Au and Pt thin films onto poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates can be significantly enhanced by either spin‐casting or vapor‐exposure to hydrohalocarbon solvents prior to metal deposition. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and evolved gas analysis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detect residual halogenated solvent at the PMMA surface which chemically activates the surface. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the solvent molecules form a Lewis acid‐base adduct with the ester oxygens in PMMA. DFT predicts that the deposited metal atom (M) inserts into the C–halogen (X) bond on either CHCl 3 or CHBr 3 to form a O–M–X interaction. This is consistent with M–X bonding observed in high resolution XPS. A model is proposed in which the bond energy of the C–X bond of the solvent must be weak enough so that it can be cleaved by the metal atom to form a M–X bond. A negative control of PMMA exposed to CHF 3 is shown to have no effect on Au or Pt adhesion since the bond dissociation energy of the C–F bond is stronger than the C–Cl and C–Br bond energy compared to the metal halide bond energies.
FXRE can function as an LXRE in the promoter of human ileal bile acid‐binding protein (I‐BABP) gene (2003)

Ileal bile acid-binding protein (I-BABP) is a 14 kDa cytosolic protein which binds bile acids with a high affinity. It is thought to be implicated in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and, hence, in cholesterol homeostasis. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we have recently shown that I-BABP gene expression can be indirectly up-regulated by cholesterol through the activation of sterol-responsive element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) by liver X-receptor (LXR). We report here that I-BABP can be also a direct target for LXR. I-BABP regulation by LXR is maintained when the SREBP binding site is deleted in the I-BABP promoter and occurs, in the absence of conventional LXRE sequences, through an IR1 sequence previously identified as a farnesoid X-receptor-responsive element (FXRE). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the LXR/RXR heterodimer specifically recognizes the FXRE. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that LXR can regulate the I-BABP gene by both direct and indirect mechanisms.
The Magnitude of Dementia Occurrence in the World (2003)

In this study, the worldwide occurrence of dementia in 2000 and during the period 1950-2050 was estimated. The calculations were based on worldwide demographics of the elderly and age-specific prevalence and incidence values of dementia, estimated from a meta-analysis. In a sensitivity analysis, different prevalence sources were used. The worldwide number of persons with dementia in 2000 was estimated at about 25 million persons. Almost half of the demented persons (46%) lived in Asia, 30% in Europe, and 12% in North America. Fifty-two percent lived in less developed regions. About 6.1% of the population 65 years of age and older suffered from dementia (about 0.5% of the worldwide population) and 59% were female. The number of new cases of dementia in 2000 was estimated to be 4.6 million. The forecast indicated a considerable increase in the number of demented elderly from 25 million in the year 2000 to 63 million in 2030 (41 million in less developed regions) and to 114 million in 2050 (84 million in less developed regions). In conclusion, the majority of demented elders live in less developed regions, and this proportion will increase considerably in the future.
Benefits of lifestyle modification in NAFLD (2007)

ompared with our ancestors, Western societies today lead a lifestyle that is much more sedentary, probably as a result of cultural changes stemming from modern socio-economic morays. Taking into account differences in body size, our energy expenditure per kilogram of body weight has been estimated to be ,40% of that of our prehistoric ancestors. 1 Current estimates suggest that 7 out of 10 adults are inactive or lack adequate conditioning, 2 and this lack of adequate exercise, combined with dietary indiscretion, has contributed to the worldwide epidemic of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Within the USA, data suggest that 64.5% of the adult population is now overweight or obese, with a worldwide prevalence of 40-60%. 3-5 Obesity, combined with host factors such as diet, sedentary lifestyle and genetic predisposition, has been directly associated with increases in the prevalence of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. The hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, has also increased in prevalence, now considered to be around 20-30% in Western countries. Among morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, approximately 90% have NAFLD and 36-37% have the more aggressive form of fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 6 7 In patients with NAFLD, advancing age, increasing weight, the number of features of the metabolic syndrome and the degree of insulin resistance have all been independently associated with NASH severity. 8 Evidence-based treatment options for NAFLD are currently lacking. Recent data suggest that the thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitisers may be efficacious, but widespread utilisation of these agents awaits further investigation. 9 Evidence also supports a role for weight loss, achieved through diet and exercise.
GIC mitigation: a neutral blocking/bypass device to prevent the flow of GIC in power systems (1991)

The design of a neutral blocking/bypass device which can be installed in power transformer neutral-ground connections to block the flow of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) is described. The device consists of standard distribution capacitors which provide the GIC blocking function. The capacitors are rapidly bypassed by a combination of sparkgap and circuit breaker to solidly ground the neutral during power system disturbances. The sparkgap provides the fast operating response speed, while the circuit breaker provides a secure metallic bypass of the capacitor. Simulation indicates that the bypass device operation will occur rapidly (on the order of 1 ms or less) and will both prevent ferroresonant overvoltages and preserve proper relay and protective device operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intracellular transport of acid ?-glucosidase and lysosome-associated membrane proteins is affected in Gaucher's disease (G202R mutation) (1999)

Gaucher's disease (GD) is caused by an inherited deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase with storage of glucosylceramides in the lysosomes of macrophages. This study identifies a G202R mutation in the acid beta-glucosidase gene in an infant with severe neuronopathic (type 2) GD and only slightly reduced acid beta-glucosidase activity. Western blot analysis, pulse chase experiments, and the thin frozen section immunogold method were used to analyse the implications of this mutation on the pathogenesis, clinical heterogeneity and diagnostic evaluation of GD. The results show that acid beta-glucosidase persists in the patient's fibroblasts as a mannose-rich polypeptide in the endoplasmic reticulum and is not transported to the lysosomes. By contrast, high expression of the lysosome-associated membrane proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, saposin C, and cathepsin D was observed in the patient's lysosomes. Immunogold labelling of the integral membrane proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 increases significantly at the cell surface of Kupffer cells and fibroblasts as well as at the apical membrane of hepatocytes. In addition, LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 associate with the bilayer of stored glucosylceramide. It is concluded that defective intracellular transport of mutant acid beta-glucosidase from the endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes leads to a more severe clinical phenotype than the residual enzyme activity may indicate. Furthermore, the detection of LAMP in the tubular bundles of undigested glucosylceramides, as well as their increased concentration at the surfaces of the affected cells, suggests that these proteins play a role in the storage or removal of substrate in GD. Intracellular targeting of acid beta-glucosidase and LAMP contributes to the broad phenotypic heterogeneity of GD.
Switching phenomena in reverse-biased gold-diffused silicon p<sup>+</sup>-i-n<sup>+</sup>diodes (1979)

A novel mode of operation for a reverse-biased narrow i-region gold-diffused silicon p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -i-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> diode exhibiting switching negative resistance is reported. The i-region width is in the range of 12-16 µm, and gold has been used to generate deep trapping levels in the i-region.
A single-electrode wearable triboelectric nanogenerator based on conductive & stretchable fabric (2016)

This paper reports a wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the conductive and stretchable composite fabric, which is cost-effective and can be easily mass produced. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are directly composited with the cotton knitting fabric through dipping and drying method. The sheet resistance reduces to 505 Ω/sq after 10 cycles. Using this single knitting fabric electrode, the peak output power density of the TENG achieves ~12 μW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Structure and Properties of Aluminosilicate Solutions and Gels (1989)

A range of aluminosilicate solutions were investigated. The gelation behaviour, the species in solution (as observed by NMR) and the zeolite crystallization products are described. The effect of concentration and type of alkali metal cation present in solution gives information about the formation of aluminosilicate complexes and how they interact, under the influence of the cation, to form an aluminosilicate gel, the precursor to zeolite crystallization.
Unlocking pathology archives for microRNA-profiling. (2008)

FFPE material is well suited for miRNA profiling.
Composite solders (1991)

The characterization of composite solders has been performed, specifically on tin/lead/Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/ composition. This characterization includes both microstructural and mechanical analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of cross sections of the composite solder was preferred over optical inspection, owing to the similar appearance of the Sn and Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/ phases by the latter method. The mechanical properties of composites were examined and were found to be superior those of standard tin/lead solder. Melting points of composite solder were the same as 60/40 tin/lead solder. Solder joints were readily prepared using the composite solder and were forced to failure by thermocyclic fatigue. The mechanism of failure was the same as for 60/40 Sn/Pb solder, i.e. heterogeneous coarsening. Auger/ESCA analysis of the intermetallic was performed to ascertain the nature of the surface of this filler, and it was found to be enriched in tin.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large-Stroke MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Adaptive Optics (2006)

Surface-micromachined deformable mirrors that exhibit greater than 10 /spl mu/m of stroke are presented. The segmented arrays described here consist of 61 and 85 hexagonal, piston/tip/tilt mirrors (three actuators each) with diameters of 500 and 430 /spl mu/m, respectively, and fill a 4 mm circular aperture. Devices were packaged in 208 and 256 pin-grid arrays and driven by a compact control board designed for turn-key operation. After metallization and packaging mirror bow is /spl sim/680 nm (/spl lambda//1), but a heat-treatment procedure is proposed for controlling mirror curvature to better than /spl lambda//10. An optical test bed was used to demonstrate basic beam splitting and open-loop aberration correction, the results of which are also presented.
Travi-Navi (2014)

We present Travi-Navi - a vision-guided navigation system that enables a self-motivated user to easily bootstrap and deploy indoor navigation services, without comprehensive indoor localization systems or even the availability of floor maps. Travi-Navi records high quality images during the course of a guider's walk on the navigation paths, collects a rich set of sensor readings, and packs them into a navigation trace. The followers track the navigation trace, get prompt visual instructions and image tips, and receive alerts when they deviate from the correct paths. Travi-Navi also finds the most efficient shortcuts whenever possible. We encounter and solve several challenges, including robust tracking, shortcut identification, and high quality image capture while walking. We implement Travi-Navi and conduct extensive experiments. The evaluation results show that Travi-Navi can track and navigate users with timely instructions, typically within a 4-step offset, and detect deviation events within 9 steps.
Highly Selective Hydrocyanation of Butadiene toward 3-Pentenenitrile (2007)

A triptycene-based diphosphine ligand was synthesized in good yield following a new route. The corresponding Pt(II)- and Ni(0)-complexes were characterized. In butadiene hydrocyanation the tript-PPh2Ni(cod) catalyst leads to exceptionally high selectivities for the linear product 3-pentenenitrile, combining high activity for both hydrocyanation and isomerization. This one-step procedure could be the key toward process intensification.
An 8-bit 3MS/s CMOS two-step flash converter for low voltage mixed signal CMOS integration (1994)

Many large, mainly digital system ICs require on-chip A/D conversion for their input interface, and the task of incorporating this function into a hostile environment is not trivial. As power supplies for these digital systems are reduced, the analogue functions must follow suit. In this paper we describe a two-step flash converter capable of operating at 3MS/s with a supply voltage of just 3V. The circuit uses a novel offset cancelling comparator particularly suited to these applications. The circuit has been fabricated in 0.8 mu CMOS, and has been incorporated into large system ICs.