gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) 2015 Industry Survey (2015)

This document provides an overview of Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) hardware and software capabilities, including portable electronic devices (PEDs) used as EFBs, as of July 2015. This document updates and replaces the Volpe Center’s previous EFB industry surveys. The information for this report was gathered through industry contacts, websites, and online product brochures. This report was conducted in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), but the information is intended to be of use to anyone interested in EFBs/PEDs. Nineteen manufacturers participated in this industry survey. Each provided a description of hardware components, supported software, functions and capabilities, as applicable. Participating Manufacturers were classified into three categories based on their products. Hardware manufacturers (without software) are those that provide an EFB/PED display platform and/or hardware components. Hardware/Software manufacturers (EFB software and hardware) are those manufacturers who develop physical hardware in addition to providing EFB software. Integrated and customizable software manufacturers (without hardware) are those who provide custom software that performs a specific function or integrates and/or manages EFB applications from other software providers. A list of 46 commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software manufacturers offering COTS, standalone software is also provided in order to provide a snapshot of the types of standalone, COTS software applications currently available. These manufacturers provide specific applications that have not been integrated or customized. References include EFB regulatory and guidance material, Flight Standardization Board (FSB) reports, and other research reports.
A Cost-Effectiveness Tool to Guide the Prioritization of Interventions for Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Control in African Nations (2016)

Our cost-effectiveness analysis tool is designed to inform priorities for ARF/RHD control programs in Africa at the national or subnational level. In contrast to previous literature, our preliminary findings suggest PP could be the most efficient and cheapest approach in poor countries. We provide our model for public use in the form of a Supplementary File. Our research has immediate policy relevance and calls for renewed efforts to scale up RHD prevention.
Foetal effect of norethynodrel in rats. (1967)

Norethynodrel (17alpha-ethinyl-17-hydroxy5(10)-estren-3-one) given in graded doses to pregnant rats was studied to determine the fetal effects of this drug. Following laparotomy on Day 8 at which time corpora lutea of pregnancy and implantations were recorded doses ranging from .0083 to 2.5 mg/kg norethynodrel were given to rats from Days 10 to 17 of pregnancy. Controls received solvents only. Rats were allowed to proceed to term. Those mothers without litters were sacrificed on Day 22 of pregnancy and placental sites examined. Internal and external genitalia of offspring were examined macroscopically and then organs were prepared histologically (Ehrlichs hematoxylin and eosin). Ano-genital distances of female offspring were recorded. At doses of .083-2.5 mg/kg there was 100% resorption of fetuses. At .0083 mg/kg the resorption rate was 42.2%. In 26 mothers only 6 showed 100% resorption. Litter size was reduced compared with controls (p less than .01) but litter weight was comparable. 35.5% male offspring born to treated mothers showed inguinally located testes at least to 50 days of age which were retarded histologically as compared with controls which showed scrotal testes at 40-45 days. Testes weight in offspring of treated rats was lower than in controls (p less than .01). At 130 days testes of both groups showed typically adult features. It is possible that the estrogenic activity of norethynodrel is responsible for the resorption of fetuses. It is suggested that any detrimental effect of this compound on the fetus may be purely transitory.
Prognostic value of tissue polyamine levels in human colorectal carcinoma. (2002)

Differences in tumor spermine levels may affect the biological properties of the tumor and such differences could have a significant role in determining the outcome of colorectal cancer patients.
Preparation and properties of isocyanic acid (1982)

D. J. Belson and A. N. Strachan, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1982, 11, 41 DOI: 10.1039/CS9821100041
Left atrial booster pump function is an independent predictor of subsequent life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (2015)

LA booster pump function was an independent and incremental predictor of arrhythmias in NICM over GLS and MD, and may aid better risk stratification in this population.
A Double Ring Closing Metathesis Reaction in the Rapid, Enantioselective Synthesis of NK-1 Receptor Antagonists (2001)

[structure: see text]. The NK-1 receptor antagonist 1 has been prepared in seven steps from phenylglycine methyl ester. The key steps are a double ring closing metathesis reaction of tetraene 7 to prepare spirocycle 6 and a reductive Heck reaction to introduce the aryl moiety. This latter reaction discriminates the olefins of compound 6 and proceeds in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner.
Yeast PKA represses Msn2p/Msn4p-dependent gene expression to regulate growth, stress response and glycogen accumulation (2020)

Yeast cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity is essential for growth and antagonizes induction of the general stress response as well as accumulation of glycogen stores. Previous studies have suggested that the PKA effects on the two latter processes result in part from transcription repression. Here we show that transcription derepression that accompanies PKA depletion is dependent upon the presence of two redundant Zn2+-finger transcription factors, Msn2p and Msn4p. The Msn2p and Msn4p proteins were shown previously to act as positive transcriptional factors in the stress response pathway, and our results suggest that Msn2p and Msn4p also mediate PKA-dependent effects on stress response as well as glycogen accumulation genes. Interestingly, PKA activity is dispensable in a strain lacking Msn2p and Msn4p activity. Thus, Msn2p and Msn4p may antagonize PKAdependent growth by stimulating expression of genes that inhibit growth. In agreement with this model, Msn2p/Msn4p function is required for expression of a gene, YAK1, previously shown to antagonize PKA-dependent growth. These results suggest that Msn2p/Msn4p-dependent gene expression may account for all, or at least most, of the pleiotropic effects of yeast PKA, including growth regulation, response to stress and carbohydrate store accumulation.
Über Imidoyl‐isothiocyanate, II (1968)

Abstract Synthese, Charakterisierung und Umsetzungen der Imidoyl‐isothiocyanate werden beschrieben; insbesondere die Isomerisierung zu Chinazolthionen ( 3 ), 1.4‐Cycloadditionen zu Pyrimidin‐thionen und Triazin‐thionen (hierzu zählt auch die charakteristische Dimerisierung) sowie Reaktionen mit 1.3‐dipolaren Verbindungen zu Thiadiazolen.
<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> lipopolysaccharide induces shedding of syndecan‐1 expressed by gingival epithelial cells (2005)

Syndecans are constitutively shed from growing epithelial cells as the part of normal cell surface turnover. However, increased serum levels of the soluble syndecan ectodomain have been reported to occur during bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis to induce the shedding of syndecan-1 expressed by human gingival epithelial cells. We showed that the syndecan-1 ectodomain is constitutively shed from the cell surface of human gingival epithelial cells. This constitutive shedding corresponding to the basal level of soluble syndecan-1 ectodomain was significantly increased when cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS and reached a level comparable to that caused by phorbol myristic acid (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) which is well known as a shedding agonist. The syndecan-1 shedding was paralleled by pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release. Indeed, secretion of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha increased following stimulation by P. gingivalis LPS and PMA, respectively. When recombinant forms of these proteins were added to the cell culture, they induced a concentration-dependent increase in syndecan-1 ectodomain shedding. A treatment with IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) specific inhibitor prevented IL-1beta secretion by epithelial cells stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS and decreased the levels of shed syndecan-1 ectodomain. We also observed that PMA and TNF-alpha stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion, whereas IL-1beta and P. gingivalis LPS did not. Our results demonstrated that P. gingivalis LPS stimulated syndecan-1 shedding, a phenomenon that may be mediated in part by IL-1beta, leading to an activation of intracellular signaling pathways different from those involved in PMA stimulation.
A three-stage coupled ring oscillator with quadrature outputs (2002)

Modeling and analysis of a coupled three-stage ring oscillator is presented in this paper. The oscillator consists of two ordinary three-stage ring oscillators, which are coupled to each other and oscillate with the same frequency, but with 30 degree phase difference resulting in three sets of quadrature outputs. A simple and insightful technique for modeling coupled oscillators is proposed here. This technique is then used to analyze the coupled oscillator. It has been proven analytically that the coupled two rings, oscillate with the same frequency, but with 30 degree phase shift. It has also been shown that for small transistor sizes, the coupled ring oscillator has an inherent capability of oscillating with frequencies as high as 1.577 times that of a single ring. The accuracy of the proposed linearized model is verified with SPICE simulations.
Regeneration and transformation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) (1996)

This thesis describes different regeneration systems of cassava. In the first system the embryos were highly organized. The use of the auxins NAA and 2,4-D to induce this organized system of somatic embryogenesis were compared in several genotypes. Bombardment of organized tissues did not result in transformed plants and culture of protoplasts isolated from organized cultures did not result in plant regeneration. In the second system, so called friable embryogenic callus, the embryos are less organized. Protoplasts isolated from friable embryogenic callus regenerated into plants. Bombardment of this friable embryogenic callus with DNA of constructs containing the luciferase gene resulted in transformed tissue. Transgenic tissue was selected using luciferase activity. Transformed mature embryos were multiplied by the organized system of embryogenesis before they were allowed to develop into plants. The transformed nature of the plant was confirmed by PCR and Southern Blot Analysis.
Emigración, comerciantes y comercio en la región de Veracruz entre 1778-1822. (2019)

espanolEl presente trabajo supone un estudio sobre la emigracion a la region de Veracruz y el papel que desempenaron los emigrantes espanoles en el comercio. Se demostrara como el dominio de este comercio estuvo en las manos de los emigrantes peninsulares, que de manera recurrente llegaron a lo largo de todo el siglo XVIII atraidos por las grandes posibilidades que ofrecia el lucrativo comercio entre las dos orillas del Atantico. Las estrategias economicas que desarrollaron y la importante red de intereses que tejieron, posibilitaran el control en gran medida del comercio en la region veracruzana, llegando incluso a competir con los poderosos comerciantes de la ciudad de Mexico. EnglishThis paper devolope a study about the inmigration to the Veracruz region and the role played by Spanish emigrants in the viceregal commer ce. It will be shown how the domain of this commerce by the Spanish emigrants, who recurrently came throughout Veracuz eighteenth century attracted by the posibilities of fered by the lucrative trade between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The economic strategies that developed the important network of interest that they wove, it made possible the control of the commerce in the Veracruz region, even going so far as to compete whith the powerful of merchants of Mexico City.
Display And Analysis Of Tomographic Volumetric Images Utilizing A Vari-Focal Mirror (1984)

A system for the three-dimensional (3-D) display and analysis of stacks of tomographic images is described. The device utilizes the principle of a variable focal (vari-focal) length optical element in the form of an aluminized membrane stretched over a loudspeaker to generate a virtual 3-D image which is a visible representation of a 3-D array of image elements (voxels). The system displays 500,000 voxels per mirror cycle in a 3-D raster which appears continuous and demonstrates no distracting artifacts. The display is bright enough so that portions of the image can be dimmed without compromising the number of shades of gray. For x-ray CT, a displayed volume image looks like a 3-D radiograph which appears to be in the space directly behind the mirror. The viewer sees new views by moving his/her head from side to side or up and down. The system facilitates a variety of operator interactive functions which allow the user to point at objects within the image, control the orientation and location of brightened oblique planes within the volume, numerically dissect away selected image regions, and control intensity window levels. Photographs of example volume images displayed on the system illustrate, to the degree possible in a flat picture, the nature of displayed images and the capabilities of the system. Preliminary application of the display device to the analysis of volume reconstructions obtained from the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor indicates significant utility of the system in selecting oblique sections and gaining an appreciation of the shape and dimensions of complex organ systems.
Applied Cleaning Methods of Oil Residues from Industrial Tanks (2020)

The oil industry is facing a major problem with the large amount of oil residue generated in the tanks that store and process crude oil or its products. Research has shown that the residues of petroleum sludge, which according to a sample from the Azzawiya oil refinery in Libya mainly consist of oil, water and solid residues in 42.8%, 2.9% and 55.2% respectively, result in the alteration of the product quality and reduced capacity of the tanks. The solution for this problem as well as the need for inspection and maintenance requires the removal of this oil sludge and the internal cleaning of the tanks. This report aims to review the applied clean-up methods available in the world market and to identify the most efficient, safest, most economical and most environmentally friendly cleaning process. It must be noted that until now, there is not any published work which presents the applied techniques. To accomplish this goal, a total of five manual, automatic and robotic cleaning systems were analyzed and evaluated according to their advantages and disadvantages. The results show that the MEGAMACS with sludge extractor automatic cleaning system with an output of 14.8 m3/h is the fastest cleaning system, while the MARTin where the presence of people inside the tank is not necessary at any stage is the safest. In terms of cleaning costs and environmental impact, the automated BLABO, COW and MEGAMACS systems as well as the MARTin robotic system are the most economical and environmentally friendly due to the closed cleaning circuit and the ability to recover up to 95% of the oil from the sludge, which is returned to the customer and the earnings cover the costs of cleaning. The conclusion drawn is that the current need in the oil industry, in the field of tank cleaning, is the use of high-efficiency automatic or robotic cleaning methods, which aim to reduce the tank downtime, without the need for staff entrance into a permit-required confined space and with the ability to recover up to 100% of the hydrocarbons present in the composition of the sludge.
Characterization of Four Murine Homologs of the Human ov-serpin Monocyte Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor MNEI (SERPINB1) (2002)

The human ov-serpin monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MNEI) is encoded by a single gene SERPINB1. It is a highly efficient inhibitor of neutrophil granule proteases. Four murine genes with high sequence identity with MNEI were identified and fully sequenced, and these were named EIA, EIB, EIC, and EID. EIA, EIB and EIC showed the same seven-exon gene structure as SERPINB1. However, EIC included an additional, alternatively spliced, exon due to the insertion of an endogenous retrovirus-like sequence. EID lacked several exons and is a pseudogene. Reverse transcriptase-PCR showed that EIA, like MNEI, is expressed at high levels in many tissues. EIB is mainly expressed in brain, and EIC was only expressed as splicing variants unlikely to encode a functional serpin. Upon incubation with serine proteases, EIA formed inhibitory covalent complexes with pancreatic and neutrophil elastases, cathepsin G, proteinase-3, and chymotrypsin, as previously shown for MNEI, whereas EIB was only able to do so with cathepsin G. According to the new serpin nomenclature, the genes encoding EIA, EIB, EIC, and EID will be called Serpinb1, Serpinb1b, Serpinb1c, and Serpinb1-ps1. These data demonstrate that the four murine homologs of MNEI have met different evolutionary fates, and that EIA is the mouse ortholog of MNEI.
Local Higher-Order Graph Clustering (2017)

Local graph clustering methods aim to find a cluster of nodes by exploring a small region of the graph. These methods are attractive because they enable targeted clustering around a given seed node and are faster than traditional global graph clustering methods because their runtime does not depend on the size of the input graph. However, current local graph partitioning methods are not designed to account for the higher-order structures crucial to the network, nor can they effectively handle directed networks. Here we introduce a new class of local graph clustering methods that address these issues by incorporating higher-order network information captured by small subgraphs, also called network motifs. We develop the Motif-based Approximate Personalized PageRank (MAPPR) algorithm that finds clusters containing a seed node with minimal <i>motif conductance</i>, a generalization of the conductance metric for network motifs. We generalize existing theory to prove the fast running time (independent of the size of the graph) and obtain theoretical guarantees on the cluster quality (in terms of motif conductance). We also develop a theory of node neighborhoods for finding sets that have small motif conductance, and apply these results to the case of finding good seed nodes to use as input to the MAPPR algorithm. Experimental validation on community detection tasks in both synthetic and real-world networks, shows that our new framework MAPPR outperforms the current edge-based personalized PageRank methodology.
A Model for the Denaturation and Aggregation of β‐Lactoglobulin (1994)

A quantitatively correct kinetic model for the temperature-induced denaturation and aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin is presented. The model recognizes an initiation, a propagation and a termination step by analogy with polymer radical chemistry. The decrease in native beta-lactoglobulin is predicted to follow order 3/2, in agreement with experimental results. The size of the protein polymer particles is predicted to be proportional to the square root of the initial beta-lactoglobulin concentration. The scattered light intensity is proportional to the product of concentration and size of the protein polymer particles. The initial increase in scattering intensity of the particles therefore scales with the initial squared beta-lactoglobulin concentration. The influence of other reaction conditions, e.g. ionic strength and pH, can be incorporated via the reaction constants of the reaction kinetic pathway.
Reversible thermo-responsive sieving matrix for oligonucleotide separation (2006)

A reversible thermo-responsive gel system, consisting of Pluronic copolymer mixture of F87 and F127, has been used to successfully carry out the separation of oligonucleotides, for the first time, by microchip-based capillary electrophoresis. Pluronic triblock copolymers F87 (E(61)P(40)E(61)) and F127 (E(99)P(69)E(99)), with E, P, and subscript denoting oxyethylene, oxypropylene, and segment length respectively, have a unique temperature dependent viscosity-adjustable property and a dynamic coating ability in aqueous solution, including 1 x TBE buffer. The mixture solution has a reversible thermo-responsive property and its sol-gel transition temperature can be adjusted ranging from about 17 degrees C to 38 degrees C by varying the relative weight ratio of F87 and F127 at an optimized concentration of approximately 30% (w/v) for oligonucleotide separations. Oligonucleotide sizing markers ranging from 8 to 32 base could be successfully separated in a 1.5 cm long separation channel by the mixture solution in its gel-like state. A 30% (w/v) with a F87/F127 weight ratio of 1 ratio 2 which has a "sol-gel" transition point of about 26 degrees C shows the best sieving ability. The sieving ability of the mixture solution was further confirmed in an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 system. Fast separation of oligonucleotides has been achieved within 40 s with one base resolution.
Ambroxol for the treatment of fibromyalgia: science or fiction? (2017)

Fibromyalgia appears to present in subgroups with regard to biological pain induction, with primarily inflammatory, neuropathic/neurodegenerative, sympathetic, oxidative, nitrosative, or muscular factors and/or central sensitization. Recent research has also discussed glial activation or interrupted dopaminergic neurotransmission, as well as increased skin mast cells and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therapy is difficult, and the treatment options used so far mostly just have the potential to address only one of these aspects. As ambroxol addresses all of them in a single substance and furthermore also reduces visceral hypersensitivity, in fibromyalgia existing as irritable bowel syndrome or chronic bladder pain, it should be systematically investigated for this purpose. Encouraged by first clinical observations of two working groups using topical or oral ambroxol for fibromyalgia treatments, the present paper outlines the scientific argument for this approach by looking at each of the aforementioned aspects of this complex disease and summarizes putative modes of action of ambroxol. Nevertheless, at this point the evidence basis for ambroxol is not strong enough for clinical recommendation.