gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon and Hydrogen Stable Isotope Variations in Kerogen During Laboratory-Simulated Thermal Maturation (1981)

Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope measurements on sapropelic and humic kerogen isolated from laboratory-heated sediments reveal several isotopic trends. An initial depletion of 13C and D (2H, or deuterium) in kerogen isolated from the heated sapropelic sediment appears to be the result of isotopic heterogeneity, interaction with soluble organic matter, and/or volatilization of a heat-labile fraction of the protokerogen. During the main isotopic trend the sapropelic kerogen becomes enriched in 13C and D by about 5 and 50 ppt (parts per thousand), respectively. Theoretical calculations based on a Rayleigh fractionation process suggest that this trend is largely controlled by the generation of isotopically light methane directly from the ker gen. This argument also applies to the main hydrogen isotopic trend for the humic kerogen which becomes enriched in D by about 90 ppt. The main 13C trend for the humic kerogen, however, results in a maximum enrichment in 13C of only about 1.6 ppt and appears to be largely controlled by factors other than methane. A final depletion trend in 13C and D occurs for the sapropelic kerogen at very high temperatures. This may be due to a reduced isotopic fractionation at higher temperatures, or to the indirect generation of methane from kerogen through a liquid intermediate which is subsequently coked to pyrobitumen.
Stereocontrolled synthesis of andrimid and a structural requirement for the activity (1989)

Total synthesis of an antibiotic Andrimid was accomplished stereospecifically; it was shown that the chiralities at C-3 and C-4 should be R and S, respectively, and the presence of the (4S)-methyl group is important for the activity.
Suicidality and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentration Associated With a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Polymorphism (1994)

In some individuals, a genetic variant of the TPH gene may influence 5-HIAA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid and predisposition to suicidal behavior.
Sb-based infrared materials and photodetectors for the 3-5 and 8-12 μm range (1996)

In this paper, we report on the growth of InSb on (100) Si and (111)B GaAs substrates and the growth of InAsSb alloys for longer wavelength applications. The fabrication and characterization of photodetectors based on these materials are also reported. Both photoconductive and photovoltaic devices are investigated. The photodiodes are InSb p-i-n structures and InSb/InAs<SUB>1-x</SUB>Sb<SUB>x</SUB>/InSb double heterostructures grown on (100) and (111)B semi-insulating GaAs and Si substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The material parameters for device structures have been optimized through theoretical calculations based on fundamental mechanisms. InSb p-i-n photodiodes with peak responsivities approximately 10<SUP>3</SUP> V/W were grown on Si and (111) GaAs substrates. An InAsSb photovoltaic detector with a composition of x equals 0.85 showed photoresponse up to 13 micrometers at 300 K with a peak responsivity of 9.13 X 10<SUP>-2</SUP> V/W at 8 micrometers . The R<SUB>o</SUB>A product of InAsSb detectors has been theoretically and experimentally analyzed.
The New Issues Puzzle (1995)

ABSTRACT Companies issuing stock during 1970 to 1990, whether an initial public offering or a seasoned equity offering, have been poor long‐run investments for investors. During the five years after the issue, investors have received average returns of only 5 percent per year for companies going public and only 7 percent per year for companies conducting a seasoned equity offer. Book‐to‐market effects account for only a modest portion of the low returns. An investor would have had to invest 44 percent more money in the issuers than in nonissuers of the same size to have the same wealth five years after the offering date.
Molecular Characterization and Localization of the NAD(P)H Oxidase Components gp91- <i>phox</i> and p22- <i>phox</i> in Endothelial Cells (2000)

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within endothelial cells may have several effects, including alterations in the activity of paracrine factors, gene expression, apoptosis, and cellular injury. Recent studies indicate that a phagocyte-type NAD(P)H oxidase is a major source of endothelial ROS. In contrast to the high-output phagocytic oxidase, the endothelial enzyme has much lower biochemical activity and a different substrate specificity (NADH>NADPH). In the present study, we (1) cloned and characterized the cDNA and predicted amino acid structures of the 2 major subunits of rat coronary microvascular endothelial cell NAD(P)H oxidase, gp91-phox and p22-phox; (2) undertook a detailed comparison with phagocytic NADPH oxidase sequences; and (3) studied the subcellular location of these subunits in endothelial cells. Although these studies revealed an overall high degree of homology (>90%) between the endothelial and phagocytic oxidase subunits, the endothelial gp91-phox sequence has potentially important differences in a putative NADPH-binding domain and in putative glycosylation sites. In addition, the subcellular location of the endothelial gp91-phox and p22-phox subunits is significantly different from that reported for the neutrophil oxidase, in that they are predominantly intracellular and collocated in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum. This first detailed characterization of gp91-phox and p22-phox structure and location in endothelial cells provides new data that may account, in part, for the differences in function between the phagocytic and endothelial NAD(P)H oxidases.
Virologic and Immunologic Characterization of COVID-19 Recrudescence after Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment (2022)

Abstract We isolated a SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant from a person with COVID-19 recrudescence after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. Antiviral sensitivity and neutralizing antibody testing was performed and compared with parental SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants of concern. We found that neither NM resistance nor absence of neutralizing immunity were likely causes of the recrudescence.
Process for Capturing CO<sub>2</sub> Arising from the Calcination of the CaCO<sub>3</sub> Used in Cement Manufacture (2008)

This paper outlines a new CaCO3 calcination method for producing a stream of CO2 (suitable for permanent geological storage after purification and compression). The process is based on the use of very hot CaO particles (T >1000 degrees C) to transfer heat from a circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) to a calciner (fluidized with CO2 and/or steam). Since the fluidized bed combustor and calciner have separate atmospheres, the CO2 resulting from the decomposition of CaCO3 can be captured, while the CO2 generated in the combustion of the fuel in air is emitted to the atmosphere. We demonstrate that with this system it is possible to reduce the CO2 emissions of a cement plant by around 60%. Furthermore, since the key pieces of equipment are similar to the commercial CFBCs used in power generation plants, it is possible to establish the additional investment required for the system and to estimate the cost per ton of CO2 avoided for this process to be about 19 $/tCO2 avoided.
The Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence among Institutionalized Elderly Persons (1989)

Although 1 million institutionalized elderly persons have urinary incontinence, little is known about the causes of this problem. We conducted clinical and physiologic studies to determine the causes of established incontinence in a representative sample of 605 institutionalized elderly persons (mean age, 89 years), of whom 40 percent were chronically incontinent of urine. Detailed urodynamic studies in 94 of the 245 incontinent patients (77 women and 17 men; 38 percent) showed that detrusor overactivity was the predominant cause in 61 percent, with concomitant impaired detrusor contractility present in half these patients. Other causes among women were stress incontinence (21 percent), underactive detrusor (8 percent), and outlet obstruction (4 percent). Among the relatively few men in this sample, outlet obstruction accounted for 29 percent of the cases. In 35 percent of the patients, at least two coexisting probable causes of incontinence were identified. Diagnoses among patients with impaired mobility or mentation differed little from those in unimpaired patients. We conclude that the pathophysiology of incontinence in this population is complex; that detrusor hyperreflexia with normal contractility ("uninhibited bladder") accounts for the minority of cases (29 percent), even among patients with dementia; and that the causes of incontinence are as diverse in severely impaired elderly persons as in those who are unimpaired.
The Role of Mast Cells in the Defence against Pathogens (2012)

Although mast cells are best known for their role in mediating allergic diseases, recent studies have highlighted the important role that these cells play in the protection against infection with a variety of organisms.
Disruption of Fibronectin Binding to the α5β1 Integrin Stimulates the Expression of Cyclin-dependent Kinases and DNA Synthesis through Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (1998)

The alpha 5 alpha 1 integrin, a fibronectin receptor, has been implicated in the control of cell growth and the regulation of gene expression. We report that disruption of ligation between alpha 5 alpha 1 and fibronectin by integrin alpha 5 subunit or fibronectin monoclonal antibodies stimulated DNA synthesis in growth-arrested FET human colon carcinoma cells. This stimulation only occurred when monoclonal antibody was added in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle after release from quiescence by fresh medium. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by alpha 5 or fibronectin antibody was concentration- and time-dependent. FET cells expressed alpha 4 beta 1 integrin (another fibronectin receptor); however, addition of anti-human integrin alpha 4 monoclonal antibody had no effect on DNA synthesis. Treatment with alpha 5 monoclonal antibody led to a marked increase in the expression of CDK4 in G1 phase of the cell cycle and consequently increased the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. alpha 5 monoclonal antibody treatment increased both cyclin A- and cyclin E-associated kinase activity which was accompanied by increased protein levels of CDK2 and cyclin A. Western blotting of immunoprecipitates demonstrated increased CDK2-cyclin E and CDK2-cyclin A complexes in cells treated with alpha 5 monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, disruption of alpha 5 alpha 1/fibronectin ligation activated mitogen-activated protein kinase p44 and p42 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2). Pretreatment of the cells with a specific inhibitor of MEK-1, PD98059, blocked the alpha 5 monoclonal antibody-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. In addition PD98059 prevented alpha 5 monoclonal antibody-induced DNA synthesis. Since alpha 5 alpha 1 ligation to fibronectin is associated with decreased growth parameters, our results indicate that ligation of alpha 5 alpha 1 integrin to fibronectin results in suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase activity which in turn inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase activity in growth-arrested cells.
Overview of PowerPC 620 multiprocessor verification strategy (2002)

A comprehensive approach which includes both creation of the simulation environment and generation of the test cases is presented for multiprocessor verification of PowerPC 620 at the functional model level.
Preparation and composition of a dry‐milled flour from cowpeas (1982)

Abstract Cowpeas having a smooth, brown, loosely adhering seedcoat (Mississippi Silver Hull Crowder) were milled to a flour by coarsely cracking the dry (12% H 2 O) peas on a Morehouse Mill, aspirating the seedcoats on a peanut sheller, and reducing the cotyledon fraction to a flour by several passes through the Morehouse Mill. The flour was produced in 88% yield from the starting peas. The proximate composition of resulting flour differed from that of whole peas principally in fiber content (2.5 vs 7.1% ADF), and also contained (dsb) 26% protein, 1.6% fat, 3.3% ash and ∼67% NFE. Seed coat removal also reduced tannin content and effective trypsin inhibitor activity of the flour. The essential amino acid profile of cowpea flour resembled that of soy flour, but was somewhat lower in the limiting sulfur amino acids.
Applications of Azide-Based Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry in Glycobiology (2013)

Click chemistry is a powerful chemical reaction with excellent bioorthogonality features: biocompatible, rapid and highly specific in biological environments. For glycobiology, bioorthogonal click chemistry has created a new method for glycan non-invasive imaging in living systems, selective metabolic engineering, and offered an elite chemical handle for biological manipulation and glycomics studies. Especially the [3 + 2] dipolar cycloadditions of azides with strained alkynes and the Staudinger ligation of azides and triarylphosphines have been widely used among the extant click reactions. This review focuses on the azide-based bioorthogonal click chemistry, describing the characteristics and development of these reactions, introducing some recent applications in glycobiology research, especially in glycan metabolic engineering, including glycan non-invasive imaging, glycomics studies and viral surface manipulation for drug discovery as well as other applications like activity-based protein profiling and carbohydrate microarrays.
Hydroxyapatite ceramic coating for bone implant fixation (1993)

The success of bone ingrowth into porous coated implants depends on several factors which can be separated into five main groups: implant related factors, such as design of implant, surface structure and pore characteristics. status of host bone bed, such as underlying disease (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis), available bone stock, use of drugs and surgical technique. mechanical stabilization and loading conditions applied on the implant. adjuvant therapies such as bone grafting and HA coating which might enhance the amount of bone ingrowth. remodeling of periprosthetic bone. Once bone ingrowth has occurred, maintenance of bony anchorage depends on bone remodeling at the interface. The present series of studies were performed in order to investigate the effect of some of these factors on bone ingrowth in relation to hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium alloy (Ti) coating when subjected to pathological and mechanical conditions mimicking the clinical situation. HA- and Ti-coated implants were inserted into the femoral condyles of mature dogs. The observation period ranged from 4 to 16 weeks, and the results were evaluated by mechanical push-out testing, histomorphometric analysis, polarized light microscopy, UV fluorescence microscopy, collagen analysis and transmission electron microscopy (microanalysis). There were no complications related to the operative procedures and all dogs were terminated according to the original time schedule. Host bone related factors were studied in the initial experiments. First, the effect of a gap between bone and implant was studied and compared with press-fit insertion. The HA-coating yielded superior effect on bone ingrowth compared to Ti in situations where the implant was surrounded by a gap and also where the implants were inserted in press-fit. Gaps of 1 mm and 2 mm around the implant were bridged by bone around HA implants whereas significantly less amounts of bone filled the gap around Ti implants. The gap-healing capacity of bone was increased even at a relatively great distance (400 microns) from the HA surface. This finding indicates that the osteoconductive effect of HA is not limited to the bone forming capacity on the surface of the implant. A positive gradient of newly formed bone was found towards the HA-coating, this gradient not being found towards the Ti-coating. In order to investigate the significance of arthritic bone changes (osteopenia) on fixation of porous coated implants we adopted the Carragheenin-induced gonarthritis model resulting in substantial bone loss as determined by CT-scanning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A wafer scale integration neural network utilizing completely digital circuits (1989)

A wafer scale integration (WSI) neural network utilizing completely digital circuits is reported. Three new technologies are used: (1) time-sharing digital bus; (2) efficient utilization of weight storage; and (3) redundant learning control circuit. Items 1 and 2 enable more than 500 neurons and effectively more than 30000 synapses to be fabricated on a 5-in silicon wafer. Item 3 enables a very high yield to be realized on one silicon wafer using a 0.8 mu m CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nicotine potentiates the behavioral effects of haloperidol. (1991)

Nicotine potentiates the catalepsy produced by haloperidol. Furthermore, nicotine as an adjunct to haloperidol produces a remarkable improvement in motor tics in Tourette's syndrome (TS) patients. The present experiments (1) compared the ability of nicotine to potentiate the catalepsy produced by haloperidol or the selective D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 and (2) examined the effects of various doses of nicotine (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/kg) on haloperidol-induced (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg) catalepsy and locomotor hypoactivity. In the first experiment, nicotine produced a five-fold increase in catalepsy following haloperidol but had no effect on the catalepsy produced by SCH 23390. In the second experiment, nicotine potentiated the cataleptic effects of both the 0.2 and 0.4 but not the 0.1 mg/kg dose of haloperidol. Haloperidol (0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg) also produced a dose-related decrease in locomotion that was significantly potentiated by nicotine (0.1 mg/kg). Nicotine alone did not produce catalepsy or any significant changes in locomotion. These results indicated that nicotine's potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy is likely related to striatal D2 receptor mechanisms. Nicotine potentiated the locomotor effects of doses of haloperidol that were previously found to be subcataleptic, indicating that catalepsy testing may actually underestimate the behavioral interaction between haloperidol and nicotine. Nicotine may prove useful for treating neuroleptic responsive disorders such as TS, schizophrenia, and Huntington's disease.
Modeling of interconnection lines for simulation of VLSI circuits (2002)

A modeling approach for RC delays of interconnection lines, based on a lumped resistor and capacitor ladder, for the distributed RC transmission line, is presented. The interconnection line is considered to be driven by a MOS gate source, MOS gate loads, and RC interconnection branches. The minimum number of required RC sections is obtained for each case of driving an interconnection line and for a specified average relative error. Also, a rule based on the worst case of driving an interconnection branch in a complex RC tree network is proposed in order to automatically determine the recommended number of RC sections. This can be used as a first step before timing simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transcription activation at class I FNR-dependent promoters: identification of the activating surface of FNR and the corresponding contact site in the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit (1997)

A library of random mutations in the Escherichia coli fnr gene has been screened to identify positive control mutants of FNR that are defective in transcription activation at Class I promoters. Single amino acid substitutions at D43, R72, S73, T118, M120, F181, F186, S187 and F191 identify a surface of FNR that is essential for activation which, presumably, makes contact with the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit. This surface is larger than the corresponding activating surface of the related transcription activator, CRP. To identify the contact surface in the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit, a library of mutations in the rpoA gene was screened for alpha mutants that interfered with transcription activation at Class I FNR-dependent promoters. Activation was reduced by deletions of the alpha C-terminal domain, by substitutions known to affect DNA binding by alpha, by substitutions at E261 and by substitutions at L300, E302, D305, A308, G315 and R317 that appear to identify contact surfaces of alpha that are likely to make contact with FNR at Class I promoters. Again, this surface differs from the surface used by CRP at Class I CRP-dependent promoters.
Distinct regulatory pathways control neurofilament expression and neurotransmitter synthesis in immortalized serotonergic neurons (1994)

Following infection of dissociated embryonic day 13 rat medullary raphe cells with a retrovirus encoding the temperature-sensitive mutant of SV40 large T-antigen (T-ag), a neuronal cell line, RN46A, was cloned by serial dilution. At 33 degrees C, RN46A cells express nuclear T-ag immunoreactivity and divide with a doubling time of 9 hr. Undifferentiated RN46A cells express low levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and low (NF-L)-and medium (NF-M)- but not high (NF-H)-molecular-weight neurofilament proteins. Under differentiation conditions, RN46A cells cease dividing, take on a neuronal morphology, and express enhanced levels of NSE and all three NF proteins. Elevation of intracellular cAMP levels increases neurofilament protein expression, whereas activators of various other intracellular second messenger systems have no effect. Differentiated RN46A cells express low-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (p75NGFR) and are immunoreactive using an antibody that recognizes the carboxy-terminal 13 amino acids of all three trk proteins (pan-trk). Both immunoreactivities could be potentiated by treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NGF, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, fragment 4-10 (ACTH4-10). Differentiated RN46A cells express low levels of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) immunoreactivity, which could be enhanced by treatment with ACTH4-10, BDNF, or NGF. Low levels of serotonin immunoreactivity are detected in differentiated RN46A cells, and this was potentiated by differentiating RN46A cells with BDNF for 8 d and 40 mM KCl for days 4-8. HPLC analysis confirmed these immunohistochemical data. RN46A cells should prove useful to elucidate intracellular mechanisms that control neurofilament assembly and 5-HT expression in differentiating raphe neurons.
Delivering Audio and Video with Rich Site Summary Enclosures (2006)

Rich Site Summary (RSS) technology is a web content syndication format commonly used to organise news and the content of news-like sites. Indeed any information that can be broken down into ‘discrete items’ can be syndicated via RSS. RSS has been extended to include tags known as RSS enclosures which allow audio and video to be described in terms of location, duration and size. Once data about each element is established in an RSS format, a program called an aggregator can check the feed frequently for changes and updates and act accordingly. This paper documents a scheduled RSS Multimedia prototype which utilises idle computer time (at night) to subscribe to media RSS channels in order to download audio and video content. Thus when the user arrives in the morning, there are fresh clips ‘sitting on the desktop’. Now when a video link is now clicked, it starts playing immediately, as it is already on the local disk thus the wait is zero.