gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of temperature during microwave heating (chemical reactions enhancement) (1991)

A miniature gas thermometer, using a pressure transducer, has been shown to be an effective means of indicating the temperature of samples being heated by microwave radiation without the unwanted effects of more traditional temperature-measuring probes. Such a thermometer can also form the basis of a straightforward safety device to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours when organic molecules are exposed to microwaves.
[Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of telomerase activity]. (2001)

The main components of telomerase include RNA subunit, hTERT catalytic subunit and hTEP1 regulatory protein. While telomerase plays an important role in maintenance of telomere structural stability, telomere is also involved in the regulation of telomerase activity. Some anticancer drugs inhibit the telomerase activity by breaking the structure of telomere. Activation of human telomerase requires de novo transcription of hTERT gene and correct incorporation of all subunits into holoenzyme. The expression of telomerase activity is likely to be regulated at multiple levels. Firstly, the expression and transcription of the hTERT gene is regulated by various factors; Secondly, various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are involved in regulation of telomerase activity by protein-protein interaction with telomere and telomerase proteins directly or indirectly. Thirdly, phosphorylation of hTERT and hTEP1 by protein kinase leads to significant up-regulation of telomerase activity, and conversely, the dephosphorylation result in down-regulation of telomerase activity.
Mammalian homologs of <i>seven in absentia</i> regulate DCC via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (1997)

DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) is postulated to function as transmembrane receptor for the axon and cell guidance factor netrin-1. We report here that the DCC cytoplasmic domain binds to proteins encoded by mammalian homologs of the Drosophila seven in absentia (sina) gene, as well as Drosophila Sina. Sina has a critical role in R7 photoreceptor development and shows upward of 85% amino acid identity with its mammalian homologs (termed Siahs), but the function of the Sina/Siah proteins has not been defined. We sought, therefore, to characterize further their interaction with DCC. Immunofluorescence studies suggested the Sina/Siah proteins localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and in association with DCC. DCC was found to be ubiquitinated and the Sina/Siah proteins regulated its expression. Proteasome inhibitors blocked the effects of Sina/Siah on DCC, and the Sina/Siah proteins interacted with ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubcs). A mutant Siah protein lacking the amino-terminal Ubc-binding sequences complexed with DCC, but did not degrade it. The in vivo interaction between Sina/Siah and DCC was confirmed through studies of transgenic Drosophila lines in which DCC and Sina were ectopically expressed in the eye. Taken together, the data imply that the Sina/Siah proteins regulate DCC and perhaps other proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Solvent-Catalyzed Alkylations of Active Methylene Groups in Liquid Ammonia (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent-Catalyzed Alkylations of Active Methylene Groups in Liquid AmmoniaKOTARO SHIMO, SHIGERU WAKAMATSU, and TADAO INOUECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 12, 4868–4871Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01070a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (409 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Glucose Intolerance in Aging Male IGFBP-3 Transgenic Mice: Differential Effects of Human IGFBP-3 and Its Mutant IGFBP-3 Devoid of IGF Binding Ability (2014)

We have reported a reduction of insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in young mice overexpressing human IGFBP-3 (phosphoglycerate kinase [PGK]BP3) or its mutant Gly56/Gly80/Gly81-IGFBP-3 (PGKmutBP3) under the PGK promoter. Here, we investigated changes in glucose and lipid homeostasis with age in PGKBP3 and PGKmutBP3 mice compared with wild-type mice. Body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, visceral fat, interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), serum lipids, and pancreas histology were examined at age 3, 6, and 12 months. Murine IGFBP-3 was similar in all mouse genotypes and decreased with age in parallel with total IGF-1. Visceral fat and BAT masses increased in PGKmutBP3 mice, but not in PGKBP3 mice. Glucose tolerance was impaired in both PGKBP3 and PGKmutBP3 mice. However, PGKBP3 mice had increased expression of uncoupling protein-1 in BAT and reduced adiposity, and continued to have smaller pancreatic β-cell mass and reduced insulin secretion through age 12 months. In contrast, PGKmutBP3 mice developed insulin resistance with age in association with pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia, impaired expression of uncoupling protein-1 in BAT, and increased adiposity. In addition, both PGKBP3 and PGKmutBP3 mice had elevated glycerol in the circulation, but only PGKBP3 mice had elevated free fatty acids and only PGKmutBP3 mice had elevated triglycerides. Estimated free IGF-1 did not increase with age in transgenic mice, as it did in wild-type mice. Thus, overexpression of human IGFBP-3 or its mutant devoid of IGF binding ability leads to glucose intolerance with, however, different effects on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and lipid homeostasis in aging mice.
Zeta Potential Time Dependence Reveals the Swelling Dynamics of Wood Cellulose Nanofibrils (2011)

In this paper, we present the swelling dynamics of individual wood cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) following solvent substitution into various organic solvents and drying, by employing the time dependence of the zeta potential (ζ). We succeeded in smoothly redispersing the coaggregating CNFs dried in solvents, including acetone, acetonitrile, DMSO, ethanol, and t-butanol into water. ζ-t plots of the redispersed CNFs measured in a 1 mM KCl solution indicated different values of Δζ (volume fraction of hydration capacity), corresponding to the dielectric constant of the substituted solvents. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the redispersed CNFs swell to different degrees, corresponding to Δζ. This swelling behavior is characterized by expansion of hemicelluloses, the amorphous polysaccharides located on the CNF surface, with a different degree of aggregation during drying. The specific swelling ratio, radius, and diameter of the CNFs in water were calculated using the values of ζ(0) and ζ(∞) by introducing surface chemical analysis. The calculated diameters of the CNFs at t = 0 coincided well with the median diameters measured directly by transmission electron microscope. Swellability of hemicelluloses exponentially increased with the decrease in dielectric constant of solvent during drying. The analysis method combining zeta potential time dependence and a surface chemical approach proved useful for specifically evaluating the swelling dynamics of polymers on a bulk surface.
Acoustic Emission Test Facility (1971)

An acoustic emission test facility was designed and constructed to allow constant strain rate compressive deformation of samples up to an applied load of approximately 180 kg. Strain rates of from 1.6×10−3 to 3.2×10−6 sec−1 were obtained with total system noise limited to less than 10 μV peak-to-peak referred to the input of the pre-amplifier. Over-all signal amplification was 9900±100 over a bandwidth of 200 Hz–200 kHz.
Instabilités dynamiques et hystérésis des transitions résistives dans les supraconducteurs de type II à l'état mixte (1973)

Nous avons mis en évidence un phénomène d'hystérésis des courbes de transitions résistives sur un supraconducteur de type II de structure inhomogène. Nous proposons un modèle de déplacement des vortex qui, couplé au comportement thermique des échantillons, permet de rendre compte qualitativement des résultats obtenus. Le modèle envisagé s'appuie sur l'existence de points de fort ancrage assez régulièrement dispersés dans le matériau ; les vortex se piègent sur ceux-ci et ensuite se dépiègent brusquement, ce qui correspond au dégagement brutal d'une certaine quantité d'énergie. Nous avons vérifié expérimentalement quelques conséquences de notre modèle et l'accord est satisfaisant.
Measurement of skin stretch using digital image speckle correlation (2008)

We have shown previously that DISC can be used to determine skin mechanical properties and muscular activity. We show here that DISC, as a non-contact technique, can map, in two dimensions, the surface deformation patterns of a polymer solution on a substrate at any time point during the drying process. DISC analysis generates for each speckle of the sample analyzed, the orientation and magnitude of displacement of the polymer solution. DISC can map in two dimensions the deformation undergone by the substrate and skin stretch is measured in this particular case. We therefore show that the DISC method, as a non-contact technique has great potential for characterization of film formation and is a potential clinical research tool for the measurement of epidermis stretch and epidermis properties.
Christopher Foote's Discovery of the Role of Singlet Oxygen [<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> (<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>)] in Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions (2006)

The chemistry of singlet molecular oxygen [1O2 (1Delta g)], its importance in atmospheric, biological, and therapeutic processes, and its use as a reagent in organic synthesis have been of considerable interest. Many aspects of singlet oxygen chemistry have emanated from the work of Christopher S. Foote and co-workers. Singlet oxygen is a historically interesting molecule with an unusual story connected with its discovery. Foote and Wexler conducted experiments in the 1960s where evidence was obtained supporting 1O2 generation via two independent routes: (1) a photochemical reaction (dye-sensitized photooxidation) and (2) a chemical reaction (NaOCl with H2O2). An important factor in the discovery of 1O2 as the critical reaction intermediate in dye-sensitized photooxygenations was Foote's reassessment of the chemical literature of the 1930s, when 1O2 was suggested to be a viable intermediate in dye-sensitized photooxidation reactions. Experiments that used silica gel beads provided evidence for a volatile diffusible oxidant such as 1O2. However, a contemporaneous quarrel surrounded this early work, and the possible existence of solution-phase 1O2 was ignored for over 2 decades. Not long after Foote's initial studies were published in 1964, the idea of singlet oxygen as an intermediate in photooxidation chemistry gained increasing recognition and verification in organic, gas phase, and biological processes. There are many documented impacts that 1O2 has had and continues to have on biology and medicine, for example, photodynamic therapy and plant defenses.
Der Einfluss der Fahrbahnoberflächenkrümmung auf den Rollwiderstand, die Cornering Stiffness und die Aligning Stiffness von Pkw-Reifen (2013)

In der Industrie und in den Forschungsinstitutionen werden die unterschiedlichsten Prüfstandskonzepte eingesetzt, um die Reifeneigenschaften messtechnisch zu erfassen. Ziel der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit war es, den Einfluss der Fahrbahnoberflächenkrümmung auf Rollwiderstandsmessergebnisse sowie auf die Ergebnisse von Cornering-Stiffness- und Aligning-Stiffness-Messungen genau zu erfassen und die Wirkung unterschiedlicher Versuchsparameter auf den Fahrbahnkrümmungseinfluss aufzuzeigen.
Hardware architecture for trustable vehicular electronic control units (2009)

Most popular attacks on vehicular systems involve replacing legal by fake physical unit or manipulating existing system elements. Cars incorporate many functional units such as the odometer and maintenance counters, which have to be uniquely identified and supposed to stay manipulation-free for the virtual vehicle lifetime of about 15 years. A novel clone-resisting technology is proposed for vehicular environment. The particular resulting property is that even the participating vehicular manufacturers can hardly clone own fabricated units. A new physical architecture and unit personalization process are implemented in the production scenario such that fair and controllable production license agreements can be enforced. Vehicular production includes many sub-contractors manufacturing sub-units therefore a new multi-identity certification is embedded and linked to a scalable authentication protocol. The identity is kept in a living/dynamic process such that even if a cloning attack was successful at some time point, it would be soon identified for sure in later transactions. This fact is frustrating for system attackers as the attack's costs are too high and the use out of a successful attack becomes negligible. Authentic physical hardware anchor can build the basis for a trustable secured vehicular communication system as indicated in [10] and [11]. A short risk and threat analysis is demonstrating the security stability of the system.
Abstract 1063: BRAFV600E status predicts higher uPA levels in papillary thyroid cancer (2011)

Abstract Of the 44,670 new cases of thyroid cancer predicted for this year in the US by the American Cancer Society, 80% will be papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). PTC typically arises from a gain-of-function mutation in the RET, RAS, or BRAF genes which make up a linear signaling cascade for ERK activation in over 90% of PTC cases. PTCs possessing the BRAFV600E mutation have been associated with greater local invasion and regional metastatic potential. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) has been shown to be an important mediator of invasion and metastasis in several cancers. To determine the extent to which BRAFV600E mutation status predicts up-regulation of the uPA in PTC, a study using patient thyroid tissue samples obtained over a 6-year period at a single tertiary care center was undertaken. DNA and RNA were obtained from patient PTC and matched, normal thyroid tissue samples using the Trizol method. BRAFV600E mutational status of the DNA was determined using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay, while RNA was analyzed for differences in uPA transcription levels (relative to matched, normal thyroid tissue) by qRT-PCR. Fifty-four percent of the PTC samples possessed the BRAFV600E mutation. PTC samples bearing the BRAFV600E mutation displayed significantly higher uPA RNA levels (relative to matched control tissue) than those samples with wild-type BRAF (5.883 vs. 1.27-fold, p&lt;0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Additionally, uPA RNA levels were significantly higher in patients with nodal metastasis (p&lt;0.05). These data provide new evidence of the roles of BRAFV600E and uPA in PTC invasive pathology and demonstrate for the first time that BRAFV600E status is able to predict higher uPA levels in PTC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1063. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1063
Dynamic single cell measurements of kinase activity by synthetic kinase activity relocation sensors (2015)

These synthetic kinase activity relocation sensors allow the quantification of kinase activity in live single cells. The modularity of the architecture of these reporters will allow their application in many other signaling cascades. These measurements will allow to uncover new dynamic behaviour that previously could not be observed in population level measurements.
Rheumatoid arthritis is linked to oral bacteria: etiological association (2009)

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontopathic bacteria. Clinical studies of RA and periodontal disease have provided evidence for a significant association between the two disorders. Patients with long-standing active RA have a substantially increased frequency of periodontal disease compared with that among healthy subjects. High levels of oral anaerobic bacterial antibodies have been found in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, and Prevotella intermedia have been identified in RA synovial fluid. Ornidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin are used in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. These antibiotics have been shown to be effective against RA. The evidence in this review indicates that oral bacteria directly associate with etiopathogenesis of RA.
Prediction Method for Tensile Property of Woven Fabrics in Lower Loads (2002)

A prediction method for tensile properties of woven fabrics in lower loads was developed, where the yarns axes in the weave structure were assumed to be sine curves and the measured yarn mechanical properties and weave structure parameters were used as the input information for estimating the fabric properties. The predicted properties were compared with those measured and also with those calculated values based on Kawabata's straight line model. The results suggested that this method is a more reliable means to predict the tensile characteristics of woven fabrics.
Exploiting P2P systems for DDoS attacks (2006)

When a P2P system has millions of concurrently active peers, there is the risk that it could serve as a DDoS engine for attacks against a targeted host. In this paper we describe two approaches to creating a DDoS engine out of a P2P system: the first involves poisoning the distributed index in the peers; the second involves poisoning the routing tables in the peers. For both approaches, the targeted host does not have to be a participant in the P2P system, and could be a web server, a mail server, or a user's desktop. We then examine these two poisoning attacks in Overnet, a popular DHT-based P2P file-sharing system. By using limited poisoning attacks of short duration on Overnet's indexing and routing tables, we create DDoS attacks against a targeted host. We find that with modest effort, both DDoS attacks can direct significant traffic from diverse peers to the target.
A New Facile Route to Chlorination of Alcohols via Lewis Acid AlCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (2012)

Halogenated aluminates AlCl3, applied as efficient chlorination reagent for hydroxyl groups of substitution alcohols is described. Primary and secondary benzylic alcohols could be transformed into corresponding aromatic halides with almost complete conversion and unique selectivity. As chlorination reagent, AlCl3 has an incomparable advantage over others, such as low material cost, commercial availability as well as convenient product isolation.
Terrain based routing protocol for sparse ad-hoc intermittent network (TRAIN) (2005)

Traditionally, routing protocols for ad-hoc networks have been developed without taking into consideration the effects of the surrounding environment. In this thesis, we propose and investigate a new approach of terrain and location based routing and its effect on the routing layer on sparse ad-hoc networks. This approach is particularly important for sparse networks, where relatively large node separations can result in periods of disconnectivity. Terrain blockage compounds the problem, as the likelihood of inter node communication is further diminished. We anticipate that terrain and location based routing would cause significant decrease in latency and would increase the throughput of sparse ad-hoc mobile nodes. It would also provide a new area of research which would provide more realistic and intelligent view of the surrounding. The use of terrain maps from U.S. geographical survey provides a realistic view of the network environment, through which a node can determine whether there is a Line of Sight (LOS) or Non Line of sight (NLOS) path to another node by combining location awareness and terrain data. When nodes are mobile, knowledge of trajectories can be used to predict future locations, and combined with terrain information, to forecast link conditions at a future time. As an additional feature of our routing protocol; when a node has data to send it calculates the stability of the link based on terrain and trajectory information and deterministically predicts the duration for which this link is going to be stable. For the performance assessment of using location, trajectory and terrain information, a simulation model including the terrain map of Yellowstone National Park have been developed using the discrete event simulator OPNET Modeler TM 10.5. Simulation scenarios have been created for single hop as well as for multi-hop networks based on the characteristics of 802.11 wireless technology. From the results, we have observed that using the terrain and location information provides nodes with an intelligent and realistic view of the network topology. Our approach has proved effective in make deterministic routing decisions based on LOS predictability, thus increasing the reliability, stability, and throughput of the network.
Electric field effect on<sup>14</sup>N NQR and piezoelectric resonance in (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>N<sub>4</sub>powder (1994)

Abstract The electric field effect on 14N NQR and piezoelectric resonance have been investigated in hexamethylene tetramine [(CH2)6 N4]14 powder. Under the applied dc electric field, only the line broadening of 14N NQR was observed without any line shift. The line width turns out to be increased with the electric field (E) at the rate of 10.9 ± 2.5 Hz cm/kV, which is in good agreement with the previous report. In addition to the NQR signal, the piezoelectric resonance signal was observed, and its frequency was found to be increased proportionally to E2. The experimental result is discussed in terms of the electrostriction of [(CH2)6 N4] material.