gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Human Homologue of the Early-Growth Response Gene Snk, Encoding a Serum-Inducible Kinase (2001)

Murine serum inducible kinase (mSnk) was recently cloned and characterized as an early-growth response gene involved in cell proliferation. Here we report the isolation and characterization of its human homologue, named hSnk. Sequence comparison shows that hSnk is highly conserved and its deduced protein sequence shares a significant amino acid identity with mSnk and rSnk proteins, as well as with other polo family kinase gene products. A survey of hSnk expression reveals that while a wide variety of human tissues express a low to moderate level of hSnk transcripts, fetal tissues, testis, and spleen express the most abundant hSnk transcripts. In addition, serum stimulation rapidly induces hSnk expression in fibroblast cells, reaching the peak level of induction within one hour post treatment. Considering that Plk and Prk, two other known human polo-family kinases, control cell cycle checkpoint and cell cycle progression, our current observations suggest that hSnk may also play an important role in cells undergoing rapid cell division or having a high mitotic index.
Utilization of Malaysian low grade iron ore as medium for ammonia decomposition (2015)

Hydrogen has been regarded as the new energy source due to its cleanliness, fast energy cycle and convenience of energy conversion. Hydrogen storage and transportation difficulties have become major drawbacks in hydrogen economy. Conventional process of steam reforming produces large amount of CO as byproduct. Thus, ammonia has attract worldwide attention as new alternative for hydrogen storage as ammonia decomposition yields H2 and N2 as byproduct without any CO emissions. Low grade ore is used as medium for enhancing ammonia decomposition. This paper presents the study of low-grade iron ore as medium for ammonia decomposition. Malaysian low-grade iron ore was taken as the raw material in this experiment. Ammonia decomposition over iron ore medium were studied at temperature of 500-700°C. The nitriding potential of ore was also studied.
Ligand-independent Activation Domain in the N Terminus of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) (1997)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and is an important regulator of adipogenesis and adipocyte gene expression. PPARgamma exists as two isoforms, PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2, that differ only in their N termini. Both isoforms are activated by ligands that include the antidiabetic thiazoladinedione drugs and 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2, and potential differences in their function have yet to be described. We report that, in addition to a ligand-activated transcriptional activity, when studied under conditions of ligand depletion, intact PPARgamma has a ligand-independent activation domain. To identify the basis for this ligand-independent activation, we used GAL4-PPARgamma chimeric expression constructs and UAS-TK-LUC in CV1 cells and isolated rat adipocytes. In both cell systems, isolated PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2 N termini have activation domains, and the activation function of PPARgamma2 is 5-6-fold greater than that of PPARgamma1. Insulin enhances the transcriptional effect mediated by both PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2 N-terminal domains. These data demonstrate that 1) PPARgamma has an N-terminal (ligand-independent) activation domain; 2) PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2 N termini have distinct activation capacities; and 3) insulin can potentiate the activity of the N-terminal domain of PPARgamma.
Hollow Metal Nanorods with Tunable Dimensions, Porosity, and Photonic Properties (2009)

An important aspect of synthesizing designer nanostructures is fine-tuning their size, composition, and surface area. These parameters often dictate the unique properties of nanoparticles relative to their bulk counterpart. This paper reports the synthesis of porous metal nanorods with well-controlled dimensions, porosity, and photonic properties. The growth of each nanostructure is directed by a polycrystalline sacrificial template of silver with well-defined, tunable dimensions. This template can be selectively etched to isolate a porous hollow nanostructure. The porosity, composition, and photonic characteristics of this nanostructure are adjustable by controlling the reaction conditions.
Static and dynamic analysis of zero-voltage-switched half-bridge converter with PWM control (2002)

The static and dynamic characteristics of a zero-voltage-switched half-bridge converter are analyzed quantitatively. This converter is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) with the asymmetrical drive of a pair of semiconductor switches and the zero-voltage switching is maintained by the partial resonance during the off interval of both switches. The effects of circuit parameters, such as the input capacitance, and the transformer leakage inductance are discussed through the comparison of analytical and experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetism in Thin Chromium Films (1988)

Abstract Torque magnetometer measurements show that the magnetic moment of mica sheets with Cr films 0.3 to 28 nm thick is smaller than the magnetic moment of the mica sheet at room temperature. This may mean that the average susceptibilities of the Cr films are negative, and of the order of −10 −3 to −10 −4 , or that small magnetic moments form perpendicular to the plane of the Cr film. Both explanations cannot be reconciled with accepted models of the magnetic structure of chromium.
Hierarchical beamforming for large one-dimensional wireless networks (2012)

We consider a wireless network with a large number of source-destination pairs distributed over a line. Under line-of-sight propagation, this network has only one degree of freedom for communication. At high SNR, this one degree of freedom can be readily achieved by multi-hop relaying between nodes. At low SNR, however, the performance is determined by the power transfer in the network. We show that none of the existing architectures can achieve optimal capacity scaling. We develop a digital hierarchical beamforming architecture and show that it is scaling optimal. This result reveals a new regime for large wireless networks, where beamforming techniques are needed to achieve capacity.
Recombinant human gamma-interferon induces human monocyte polykaryon formation. (1984)

Monocyte or macrophage polykaryons (MP) are seen in different tissues in various inflammatory states and in normal bone (osteoclasts). The factors controlling the formation and the function of MP are not completely understood. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the lymphokine gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) on human monocyte function in vitro. Purified recombinant IFN-gamma [20-200 units/ml (0.1-1.0 nM)] caused the appearance of MP in cultures of normal human monocytes cultured in 10% unheated autologous serum. The MP were noted by as early as 36 hr of culture with fusion indices of 40%-60% and up to 160 nuclei per cell. The effect was seen with both recombinant IFN-gamma and natural IFN-gamma produced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-stimulated lymphocytes, but IFN-alpha (leukocyte-derived and recombinant) and IFN-beta did not induce MP formation. The activity of the IFN-gamma was destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 4 hr, incubating at pH 2 for 3 hr, or incubating with antibody against IFN-gamma. Populations of monocytes incubated 3 days with 100 units of IFN-gamma per ml (0.5 nM) had enhanced capacity to produce H2O2 in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and increased content of acid phosphatase and plasminogen activator. As determined by autoradiography, the MP did not incorporate [3H]dThd into their nuclei. Thus, the IFN-gamma appears to induce MP formation by a process of monocyte fusion, and to "activate" monocytes, as judged by various parameters.
The effect of azo dyes on the formation of immune complexes. (1991)

The azo dyes were found to react with antibodies aggregated in immune complex in a similar way to heat-aggregated IgG. The whole micelles of the dye, instead of single molecules, are fixed to antibodies. In a consequence, the number of dye molecules, determined per one antibody molecule, differs but may be as large as 50-60. The dye, bound to antibody complexed with antigen, enhances its affinity to antigen. The increase of affinity, expressed as the relation of changed by the dye association constants to its initial value, was found to be 6.27 x 10(8):1. The corresponding energy change, calculated from this value, equals 11.97 kcal/mol. The resulting amount of antibodies, bound to antigen, is essentially enlarged. The enhancement effect does not seem to depend on the number of antibodies bound to the red cell up to about 3 x 10(4) molecules. It indicates that in this range a single antibody binding may be affected by the dye. The situation changes at growing antibody densities in the complex when the dye-antibody network, formed by crossbridged molecules, additionally increases the stability of the immunoglobulin molecules engaged in the complex.
Construction of a plasmid that overproduces the large proteolytic fragment (Klenow fragment) of DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli. (1983)

Using currently available gene fusion techniques, we have constructed plasmids that direct the overproduction of the carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of DNA polymerase I, corresponding to the proteolytically derived "Klenow fragment." We have obtained overproduction amounting to several percent of the cellular protein using constructs in which expression is directed either from the lac promoter or from the leftward promoter of phage lambda. The polymerase fragment has been purified to homogeneity from such overproducing strains by a rapid three-stage purification procedure, yielding material capable of carrying out the same reactions (polymerization, 3' labeling, DNA sequence analysis) as the proteolytically derived fragment. The availability of such overproducing strains should greatly facilitate structural and mechanistic studies of DNA polymerase I. Moreover, the techniques we have described for the cloning and expression of a gene fragment should be generally applicable for the study of protein structure and function in other systems.
A high-performance switch fabric for integrated circuit and packet switching (2003)

An architecture is described for a high-performance switching fabric that can accommodate circuit-switched and packet-switched traffic in a unified manner. The switch fabric is self-routing and uses fixed-length minipackets within the switching fabric for all types of connections. Its architecture provides full input/output connectivity paths with FIFO (first-in-first-out) queueing at each output. The connection paths are non-overlapping, so there is no internal blocking. Because of output queueing, there is also practically no output port blocking. The uniformity in architecture allows the construction of any size fabric from a single basic module which could be realized on a single chip. Larger-size configurations can be realized either as single-stage configuration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanism of photoelectron yield enhancement from Ag clusters (1989)

We propose a new hypothesis to explain the observed large enhancement of the photoelectron yield from free Ag clusters with respect to flat surfaces. The assumption is that the escape probability depends only on the energy of the optically excited electron and is independent of its k-vector direction. The theoretical yield curves derived under this assumption are very close to the experimental data, whereas previous models failed to quantitatively explain the yield enhancement.
Myxoxanthophyll Is Required for Normal Cell Wall Structure and Thylakoid Organization in the Cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. Strain PCC 6803 (2005)

Myxoxanthophyll is a carotenoid glycoside in cyanobacteria that is of unknown biological significance. The sugar moiety of myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 was identified as dimethyl fucose. The open reading frame sll1213 encoding a fucose synthetase orthologue was deleted to probe the role of fucose and to determine the biological significance of myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Upon deletion of sll1213, a pleiotropic phenotype was obtained: when propagated at 0.5 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1), photomixotrophic growth of cells lacking sll1213 was poor. When grown at 40 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1), growth was comparable to that of the wild type, but cells showed a severe reduction in or loss of the glycocalyx (S-layer). As a consequence, cells aggregated in liquid as well as on plates. At both light intensities, new carotenoid glycosides accumulated, but myxoxanthophyll was absent. New carotenoid glycosides may be a consequence of less-specific glycosylation reactions that gained prominence upon the disappearance of the native sugar moiety (fucose) of myxoxanthophyll. In the mutant, the N-storage compound cyanophycin accumulated, and the organization of thylakoid membranes was altered. Altered cell wall structure and thylakoid membrane organization and increased cyanophycin accumulation were also observed for deltaslr0940K, a strain lacking zeta-carotene desaturase and thereby all carotenoids but retaining fucose. Therefore, lack of myxoxanthophyll and not simply of fucose results in most of the phenotypic effects described here. It is concluded that myxoxanthophyll contributes significantly to the vigor of cyanobacteria, as it stabilizes thylakoid membranes and is critical for S-layer formation.
Design features of the test cells for conductivity measurements in dielectric liquids (2000)

For conductivity measurements in the new highly insulating liquids it is necessary to use the classic standards and more advanced methods of investigation. Comprehensive research of the electric properties of dielectric liquids is possible on the basis of using of the perfect test cells. The first test cell for conductivity measurement in dielectric liquids was designed about one hundred years ago and mention of it can be found in the monographs by Gemant and Nikuradze. Later, different types of test cells for conductivity measurements in dielectric liquid were described in the monographs by Adamczewski, Gutmann and Lyons and also in many original papers. The design of the test cells can be divided into cells with plane, concentric, spherical and many other modifications of the electrodes. On the basis of analysis of the known specimens a new design of test cells for different purposes has been developed.
Classification and feature extraction for remote sensing images from urban areas based on morphological transformations (2003)

Classification of panchromatic high-resolution data from urban areas using morphological and neural approaches is investigated. The proposed approach is based on three steps. First, the composition of geodesic opening and closing operations of different sizes is used in order to build a differential morphological profile that records image structural information. Although, the original panchromatic image only has one data channel, the use of the composition operations will give many additional channels, which may contain redundancies. Therefore, feature extraction or feature selection is applied in the second step. Both discriminant analysis feature extraction and decision boundary feature extraction are investigated in the second step along with a simple feature selection based on picking the largest indexes of the differential morphological profiles. Third, a neural network is used to classify the features from the second step. The proposed approach is applied in experiments on high-resolution Indian Remote Sensing 1C (IRS-1C) and IKONOS remote sensing data from urban areas. In experiments, the proposed method performs well in terms of classification accuracies. It is seen that relatively few features are needed to achieve the same classification accuracies as in the original feature space.
Vaccine-preventable respiratory infections in childhood. (1991)

In the past decade, immunization rates among preschool-age children in the United States have decreased to levels lower than those in many developing countries. As a result, epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases have occurred, especially in urban areas. Six of the infections prevented by immunization--those caused by Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, measles virus, and influenza virus--frequently cause respiratory tract disease. Pneumonia in children may have subtle presentations and require special considerations depending on the age and condition of the child and the current rate of disease in the community. In addition to the epidemics occurring throughout the country, the growing number of immunocompromised children has also influenced diagnostic, treatment, and prevention considerations. These patients include children with cancer, organ transplants, congenital immune disorders, sickle cell disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, as well as other disorders that lead to increased risk of infection. The current recommendations for routine and special childhood immunizations are reviewed in this article.
Funding for history and heritage projects (2014)

Brin Best explains how to plan innovative historical and heritage projects that inspire grantmaking bodies and participating pupils.
Addition polymers of aldehydes (2000)

The polymerization of aldehydes has played a considerable role in the progress of chain reaction polymerization and has significantly contributed to our knowledge of polymer science. Polyformaldehyde, as homopolymer and copolymer, plays an important role as a significant niche product in engineering plastics use. Higher aldehyde polymerization demonstrates the importance of stereospecificity and the ceiling temperature of polymerization. A discussion of haloacetaldehyde polymers is reserved for an upcoming article. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2293–2299, 2000
Calculating landscape surface area from digital elevation models (2004)

There are many reasons to want to know the true surface area of the landscape, especially in landscape analysis and studies of wildlife habitat. Surface area provides a better estimate of the land area available to an animal than planimetric area, and the ratio of this surface area to planimetric area provides a useful measure of topographic roughness of the landscape. This paper describes a straightforward method of calculating surface-area grids directly from digital elevation models (DEMs), by generating 8 3-dimensional triangles connecting each cell centerpoint with the centerpoints of the 8 surrounding cells, then calculating and summing the area of the portions of each triangle that lay within the cell boundary. This method tended to be slightly less accurate than using Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs) to generate surface-area statistics, especially when trying to analyze areas enclosed by vector-based polygons (i.e., management units or study areas) when there were few cells within the polygon. Accuracy and precision increased rapidly with increasing cell counts, however, and the calculated surface-area value was consistently close to the TIN-based area value at cell counts above 250. Raster-based analyses offer several advantages that are difficult or impossible to achieve with TINs, including neighborhood analysis, faster processing speed, and more consistent output. Useful derivative products such as surface-ratio grids are simple to calculate from surface-area grids. Finally, raster-formatted digital elevation data are widely and often freely available, whereas TINs must generally be generated by the user.
Veracity: a fully decentralized service for securing network coordinate systems (2008)

Decentralized logical coordinate systems have been proposed as a means of estimating network distances. These systems have widespread usage in p2p networks, ranging from neighbor selection to replica placement. Unfortunately, these systems are vulnerable to even a small number of malicious nodes lying about their coordinates or measurements. In this paper, we introduce Veracity, a fully decentralized service for securing network coordinate systems. Unlike prior proposals, Veracity requires neither the presence of a large number of a priori trusted nodes nor the use of network triangle inequality testing. Veracity utilizes a vote-based approach, where all advertised coordinates are independently verified by a minimal set of nodes before being used. Via detailed simulations in p2psim, we demonstrate that Veracity mitigates a variety of known attacks against Vivaldi for moderate sizes of malicious nodes, incurring acceptable communication overhead, and in some cases, even reducing the convergence time of the coordinate system.
Some notes on transmission line representations of Tesla&#x2019;s transmitters (2008)

In this paper, we present a transmission line representation of various Tesla’s oscillating transmitters and of propagation based on “true conduction”, a Tesla’s concept of non-Hertzian wireless transmission. We follow bits of Tesla’s papers, mainly “The True Wireless”, from which is obvious that his theory is in essence compatible to the transmission line theory, and compare results obtained by the model and those given by Tesla, as well as predict some theoretical characteristics of his resonating coils. Although his conception of a more efficient radio transmission by “non-Hertzian waves” has never been recognized exactly what he claimed it to be, his concept of radio apparatus prevailed as they were the first patented true radio systems.
Study of re-crystallization processes in amorphous silicon films (2010)

Technology of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) thin films is a subject of interest of many researchers. This paper deals with the re-crystallization processes in a-Si:H thin films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) using a SAMCO PD-220N unit. Evaluation of crystallization process was monitored in a high temperature chamber AP1200 by using “in-situ” X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experiments have given information about phase transformation from the amorphous to polycrystalline phase and were carried out at temperatures in the range of 580°C to 620°C. The average crystalline size of crystallized films was found from 40 to 50 nm. Structural properties of the initial amorphous and re-crystallized films were also investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Optical properties (refractive indices, extinction coefficients) of a-Si:H and poly-Si films were analyzed by UV Vis spectrophotometry. The absorption properties of the films were carried out from the UV Vis experimental data.