gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of organic compounds from water with porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of organic compounds from water with porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene)Clarence M. Josefson, James B. Johnston, and Richard. TrubeyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 4, 764–768Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00268a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00268a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation of Silicon-Based Thin Films Prepared by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cat-CVD) Method (1998)

This paper is a review of the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) method and properties of silicon-based thin films, such as amorphous-silicon (a-Si), polycrystalline-silicon (p-Si) and silicon nitride (SiN x ) films, prepared by the Cat-CVD method. In the Cat-CVD method, also known as the hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) method, deposition gases are decomposed by catalytic cracking reactions with a heated catalyzer placed near the substrates, so that films are deposited at low substrate temperatures around 300°C without any help from the plasma. After explaining the deposition system and deposition mechanism, the properties of Cat-CVD a-Si, p-Si and SiN x films are described and the results are compared with those obtained by the conventional plasma CVD (PCVD) method. The superiority of the Cat-CVD method over the PCVD method is demonstrated.
Virtual-to-real Deep Reinforcement Learning: Continuous Control of Mobile Robots for Mapless Navigation (2017)

We present a learning-based mapless motion planner by taking the sparse 10-dimensional range findings and the target position with respect to the mobile robot coordinate frame as input and the continuous steering commands as output. Traditional motion planners for mobile ground robots with a laser range sensor mostly depend on the obstacle map of the navigation environment where both the highly precise laser sensor and the obstacle map building work of the environment are indispensable. We show that, through an asynchronous deep reinforcement learning method, a mapless motion planner can be trained end-to-end without any manually designed features and prior demonstrations. The trained planner can be directly applied in unseen virtual and real environments. The experiments show that the proposed mapless motion planner can navigate the nonholonomic mobile robot to the desired targets without colliding with any obstacles.
A nutritional evaluation of acetostearins in rats (1963)

Abstract A modified glyceride, acetostearin, has been studied in feeding experiments with rats using several nutritional and biochemical criteria. As acetostearins are more readily absorbed than the standard fats from which they are prepared, it was possible also to study the effect of high levels of saturated fat on essential fatty acid utilization. The retarded growth and poor survival of acetostearin‐fed animals indicate the possibility of antagonism of the acetostearins to essential fatty acid utilization. The decreased plasma cholesterol levels and elevated liver cholesterol values observed in the acetostearin‐fed animals appear to be due mainly to essential fatty acid deficiency. High cholesterol levels in the adrenals show some indication of the involvement of caloric insufficiency in cholesterol metabolism of acetostearinfed rats. Therefore, the probable explanation of the poor nutritional performance of rats fed acetostearin is a combination of essential fatty acid deficiency and caloric insufficiency.
Umsetzungen von Chinonen und α‐Dicarbonylverbindungen mit Diazoalkanen, XVI<sup>1)</sup> Versuche mit 2.6‐Dimethoxy‐ und 2.3.5.6‐Tetrahalogen‐benzochinonen (1970)

Abstract 2.6‐Dimethoxy‐ und 2.3.5.6‐Tetrahalogen‐benzochinone (1 bzw. 8) bilden zwar mit Diazomethan die Mono‐epoxide 4a bzw. 9, verhalten sich aber gegen Diazoäthan und α‐Diazocarbonylverbindungen verschieden: Aus 1 entsteht mit Diazoäthan das Epoxid 4b, mit Diazoessigester in methanol/Cu das „Aldol‐artige”︁ Additionsprodukt 6; dagegen bilden sich aus 8 und Diazoäthan die Diäthyläther der Hydrochinone 11, mit Diazoessigester oder Benzoyldiazomethan in Methanol/Cu die Methyl‐[4‐hydroxyphenyl]‐acetale 12 des Glyoxylsäureesters bzw. des Phenylglyoxals.
FGF19–FGFR4 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2019)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, with an increasing mortality rate. Aberrant expression of fibroblast growth factor 19-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (<i>FGF19-FGFR4</i>) is reported to be an oncogenic-driver pathway for HCC patients. Thus, the <i>FGF19-FGFR4</i> signaling pathway is a promising target for the treatment of HCC. Several pan-<i>FGFR</i> (1-4) and <i>FGFR4</i>-specific inhibitors are in different phases of clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the information, recent developments, binding modes, selectivity, and clinical trial phases of different available <i>FGFR4</i>/pan-<i>FGF</i> inhibitors. We also discuss future perspectives and highlight the points that should be addressed to improve the efficacy of these inhibitors.
The adenovirus E3-14.7K protein is a general inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-mediated cytolysis. (1990)

We have previously described a 14,700 m.w. protein (14.7K) encoded by the E3 region of adenovirus that prevents TNF-mediated cytolysis of adenovirus-infected C3HA mouse fibroblasts. In the studies described here we have extended our analysis of TNF cytolysis of C3HA cells and the circumstances under which 14.7K protects these cells from cytolysis. C3HA cells were killed by TNF in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis, in the presence of cytochalasin E (which disrupts the microfilaments), and when adenovirus E1A was expressed. As described for other cell types, pretreatment of C3HA cells with TNF prevented cytolysis by TNF plus cycloheximide or TNF plus cytochalasin E, indicating that TNF induces a response that protects against these treatments. Remarkably, when 14.7K was expressed in virus-infected cells, it also prevented TNF-induced lysis whether sensitivity to TNF was induced by inhibition of protein synthesis, disruption of the cytoskeleton by cytochalasin E, or expression of adenovirus E1A. The 14.7K protein also prevented TNF lysis of cells that are spontaneously sensitive to TNF lysis. Thus, 14.7K appears to be a general inhibitor of TNF cytolysis, and as such should be an important tool in unraveling the mechanism of TNF cytolysis. There was one exception; NCTC-929 cells were spontaneously sensitive to TNF lysis and that lysis was not affected by 14.7K even though the protein was made in large quantities and was metabolically stable in these cells. This suggests that there is heterogeneity among TNF-sensitive cell lines. The 14.7K protein was found in both the nuclear and cytosol fractions of TNF resistant as well as all spontaneously sensitive cells suggesting that 14.7K may have more than one site of action within the cell.
Platelet-derived Growth Factor-dependent Cellular Transformation Requires Either Phospholipase Cγ or Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (1997)

Although it has been well established that constitutive activation of receptor tyrosine kinases leads to cellular transformation, the signal relay pathways involved have not been systematically investigated. In this study we used a panel of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor mutants (beta-PDGFR), which selectively activate various signal relay enzymes to define which signaling pathways are required for PDGF-dependent growth of cells in soft agar. The host cell line for these studies was Ph cells, a 3T3-like cell that expresses normal levels of the beta-PDGFR but no PDGF-alpha receptor (alpha-PDGFR). Hence, this cell system can be used to study signaling of mutant alphaPDGFRs or alpha/beta chimeras. We constructed chimeric receptors containing the alphaPDGFR extracellular domain and the betaPDGFR cytoplasmic domain harboring various phosphorylation site mutations. The mutants were expressed in Ph cells, and their ability to drive PDGF-dependent cellular transformation (growth in soft agar) was assayed. Cells infected with an empty expression vector failed to grow in soft agar, whereas introduction of the chimera with a wild-type beta-PDGFR cytoplasmic domain gave rise to a large number of colonies. In contrast, the N2F5 chimera, in which the binding sites for phospholipase Cgamma (PLC-gamma), RasGTPase-activating protein, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and SHP-2 were eliminated, failed to trigger proliferation. Restoring the binding sites for RasGTPase-activating protein or SHP-2 did not rescue the PDGF-dependent response. In contrast, receptors capable of associating with either PLC-gamma or PI3K relayed a growth signal that was comparable to wild-type receptors in the soft agar growth assay. These findings indicate that the PDGF receptor activates multiple signaling pathways that lead to cellular transformation, and that either PI3K or PLC-gamma are key initiators of such signal relay cascades.
Comparison of two measurement fusion methods for Kalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion (2001)

Currently there exist two commonly used measurement fusion methods for Kalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion. The first (Method I) simply merges the multisensor data through the observation vector of the Kalman filter, whereas the second (Method II) combines the multisensor data based on a minimum-mean-square-error criterion. This paper, based on an analysis of the fused state estimate covariances of the two measurement fusion methods, shows that the two measurement fusion methods are functionally equivalent if the sensors used for data fusion, with different and independent noise characteristics, have identical measurement matrices. Also presented are simulation results on state estimation using the two measurement fusion methods, followed by the analysis of the computational advantages of each method.
The Development of Diagnostic Real-Time Taqman PCRs for The Four Pathogenic Avian Mycoplasmas (2009)

Four avian mycoplasmas are commonly recognized as poultry pathogens: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM), and Mycoplasma iowae (MI). The avian mycoplasmas are associated with respiratory disease, synovitis and arthritis, poor performance, skeletal deformities, and embryo mortality. Three main approaches are used for the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis: isolation and identification, detection of antibodies, and molecular detection of the organism's nucleic acid by PCR. In recent years real-time PCR technology has revolutionized the way clinical microbiology laboratories diagnose infectious diseases, but so far only a limited number of diagnostic real-time PCRs have been proposed for avian mycoplasma diagnostics. We developed a complete set of reliable diagnostic real-time TaqMan PCR assays for the four pathogenic avian mycoplasmas. The selected genomic targets of the developed assays were species specific and intraspecifically conserved and included the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of MS and MM, the upstream region to the 16S ribosomal DNA of MI, and highly conserved foci of the mgc2 gene of MG. The four assays were demonstrated to be highly specific and sensitive to their target avian mycoplasma, with detection limits of one copy per reaction mix for the MG assay and 10 copies per reaction mix for the MS, MM, and MI assays. We believe that the incorporation of the developed assays in avian mycoplasma diagnostics will contribute to the accuracy, efficiency, and feasibility of diagnosis of these pathogens.
Metabolic Properties of Hormonally Responsive Osteogenic Sarcoma Cells (1979)

There is sufficient impetus from the clinical nature of osteogenic sarcoma to stimulate basic studies of the effects of hormones on tumor growth and differentiation. This can probably best be done first by the use of in vitro studies to determine precisely the effects of certain hormones on tumor cell growth and biochemical function. Such investigations would hopefully indicate the direction of in vivo work. The differentiated transplantable tumor described in this paper is clearly hormone-responsive, and offers a means of investigating the effects of other hormones, including growth hormone, androgens, estrogens and glucocorticoids, on specialized function of the osteogenic sarcoma cells, and on the growth of the tumor.
Influence of Oxidation Processes on the Development of the Taste and Flavor of Wine Distillates (1989)

The role of oxidation in the development of the taste and flavor of wine distillates during barrel aging is revealed. A non-enzymatic oxidation of the extracted oak wood lignin and its conversion into aromatic aldehydes via radicals is proposed. An increase in the concentration of the components forming the flavor of wine distillates during maturation is reported.
EphrinB1: novel microtubule associated protein whose expression affects taxane sensitivity (2014)

Microtubules (MTs) are components of the cytoskeleton made up of polymerized alpha and beta tubulin dimers. MT structure and function must be maintained throughout the cell cycle to ensure proper execution of mitosis and cellular homeostasis. The protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN13, localizes to distinct compartments during mitosis and cytokinesis. We have previously demonstrated that the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein binds PTPN13 and leads to its degradation. Thus, we speculated that HPV infection may affect cellular proliferation by altering the localization of a PTPN13 phosphatase substrate, EphrinB1, during mitosis. Here we report that EphrinB1 co-localizes with MTs during all phases of the cell cycle. Specifically, a cleaved, unphosphorylated EphrinB1 fragment directly binds tubulin, while its phosphorylated form lacks MT binding capacity. These findings suggest that EphrinB1 is a novel microtubule associated protein (MAP). Importantly, we show that in the context of HPV16 E6 expression, EphrinB1 affects taxane response in vitro. We speculate that this reflects PTPN13's modulation of EphrinB1 phosphorylation and suggest that EphrinB1 is an important contributor to taxane sensitivity/resistance phenotypes in epithelial cancers. Thus, HPV infection or functional mutations of PTPN13 in non-viral cancers may predict taxane sensitivity.
Vertical Dynamic Visual Acuity in Normal Subjects and Patients with Vestibular Hypofunction (2002)

The active vertical head movement test is a reliable measure of visual acuity during active vertical head motion. The effect of age on active vertical head movement may reflect the physiologic impact of neuronal loss with aging. The poor correlation between active vertical head movement and reports of oscillopsia may be caused by the predictability of head movements during the active vertical head movement test compared with the unpredictability of head movements during walking.
HCl selective etching of SiGe versus Si in stacks grown on (1 1 0) (2010)

We have investigated the lateral HCl selective etching of SiGe versus Si in various patterned (1 1 0) SiGe/Si stacks. Given that Si(1 1 0) vertical etch rates are roughly four times higher than Si(1 0 0) ones for T < 850 °C, a moderate HCl partial pressure (0.4 Torr) was adopted for this study, which was conducted in the 600–700 °C temperature range. A definite SiGe versus Si etch selectivity has conclusively been demonstrated on (1 1 0) for 30–40% of Ge. SiGe could not however be selectively removed in stacks with 20% of Ge. SiGe lateral etch rates 1.5–4 times higher in the [1 −1 0] direction than in the [0 0 1] direction have also been evidenced. A definite increase of both [1 −1 0] and [0 0 1] lateral etch rates occurred when increasing the Ge content (up to ×90 along [1 −1 0] for 15 nm thick Si0.6Ge0.4 layers compared to Si(1 1 0)). Increasing the etch temperature also led to a dramatic increase of those etch rates. Given that etch rate activation energies were lower for SiGe than for Si, selectivity increased as temperature decreased. Mean selectivities for 15 nm thick layers were however not that high, 20 for Si0.7Ge0.3 and 60 for Si0.6Ge0.4. Thicker SiGe layers were otherwise etched faster than thinner ones. The etch rate increase with thickness was however more important in the [0 0 1] direction than in the [1 −1 0] direction, partially compensating the etch anisotropy. Finally, increasing the total etch pressure from 20 up to 100 Torr (same HCl flow) led to roughly a doubling of the SiGe lateral etch rates together with a decrease of the etch anisotropy.
A Highly Tunable Stereoselective Olefination of Semistabilized Triphenylphosphonium Ylides with<i>N</i>-Sulfonyl Imines (2010)

The Wittig reaction involving direct olefination of triphenylphosphonium ylides (Ph(3)P horizontal lineCHR) with aldehydes is arguably the most often used method for alkene synthesis, but in general it yields mixtures of Z- and E-alkenes for semistabilized triphenylphosphonium ylides (R = aryl or vinyl). We have developed a simple and efficient protocol to improve the stereoselectivity significantly by replacing the aldehydes used in the Wittig reaction with N-sulfonyl imines, which possess distinct electronic and steric properties relative to aldehydes. A broad range of aromatic, alpha,beta-unsaturated, and aliphatic imines bearing appropriate N-sulfonyl groups smoothly undergo olefination reaction with various benzylidenetriphenylphosphoranes or allylidenetriphenylphosphoranes under mild reaction conditions to afford an array of both Z- and E-isomers of conjugated alkenes in good to excellent yields and with greater than 99:1 stereoselectivity. Moreover, this tunable protocol has been successfully applied to the highly stereoselective synthesis of two anticancer agents, DMU-212 and its Z-isomer.
The Conserved Membrane-proximal Region of an Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain Specifies Ligand Binding Affinity (1995)

Integrin affinities for ligands can change markedly via a process termed inside-out signaling. We expressed several truncations of the beta 3 cytoplasmic domain in conjunction with an "activating" alpha subunit chimera, alpha IIb alpha 6B. Deletion of the 4 C-terminal residues of the beta 2 tail blocked inside-out signaling as assessed by the binding of an activation-specific antibody, PAC1. Several additional truncations remained in the low affinity state, but complete truncation (beta 3 delta 717) caused PAC1 binding. Activation by this truncation mutant did not depend on the alpha subunit cytoplasmic domain and was resistant to inhibitors of cellular metabolism and the over-expression of an isolated beta 3 cytoplasmic domain. Since deletion of beta 3(Leu717-Asp723) results in a constitutively activated integrin, this membrane-proximal seven amino acids of the beta 3 cytoplasmic domain is required to maintain alpha IIb beta 3 in a default low affinity state. The amino acid sequence of this region is conserved among integrins. Moreover, the conserved membrane-proximal sequence in alpha subunit tails seems to serve a similar function. Consequently, the conserved membrane-proximal regions of both integrin cytoplasmic domains control the ligand binding affinity of the extracellular domain.
Phase II trial of thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha 1. (1987)

Previous Phase I trials have established the safety of administering thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha 1 to patients with advanced cancer. These same trials also suggested potential immune-enhancing doses of these agents. In this study, 12 patients with colon cancer were treated with thrice weekly thymosin fraction 5 at a dose of 120 mg/m2, and 10 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer received thymosin alpha 1 at 1.2 mg/m2 thrice weekly. Five patients with hypernephroma also received one or both agents by a thrice weekly schedule. There were no tumor responses observed in any of these patients, and immune enhancement was neither obtained nor sustained. We conclude that at these doses and schedules, these hormones have very limited, if any, antitumor properties and that they are incapable of producing immune augmentation as defined by the assays used in this study.
Genetic architecture of natural variation in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> aggressive behavior (2015)

Aggression is an evolutionarily conserved complex behavior essential for survival and the organization of social hierarchies. With the exception of genetic variants associated with bioamine signaling, which have been implicated in aggression in many species, the genetic basis of natural variation in aggression is largely unknown. Drosophila melanogaster is a favorable model system for exploring the genetic basis of natural variation in aggression. Here, we performed genome-wide association analyses using the inbred, sequenced lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and replicate advanced intercross populations derived from the most and least aggressive DGRP lines. We identified genes that have been previously implicated in aggressive behavior as well as many novel loci, including gustatory receptor 63a (Gr63a), which encodes a subunit of the receptor for CO2, and genes associated with development and function of the nervous system. Although genes from the two association analyses were largely nonoverlapping, they mapped onto a genetic interaction network inferred from an analysis of pairwise epistasis in the DGRP. We used mutations and RNAi knock-down alleles to functionally validate 79% of the candidate genes and 75% of the candidate epistatic interactions tested. Epistasis for aggressive behavior causes cryptic genetic variation in the DGRP that is revealed by changing allele frequencies in the outbred populations derived from extreme DGRP lines. This phenomenon may pertain to other fitness traits and species, with implications for evolution, applied breeding, and human genetics.