gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of a FilterBank MultiCarrier (FBMC) physical layer in the WiMAX context (2010)

This paper describes some of the outcome of the FP7 project\nPHYDYAS, whose main objective was to propose a new physical layer that will\nenable introduction of cognitive radios and dynamic access spectrum\nmanagement. During the project both a software simulator and a demonstrator\nhave been developed. A description of the demonstrator and some simulation\nresults that show the differences in spectral efficiency and the sensititvity to\nsynchronisation errors between OFDM and FBMC are given.\nThe simulator, which is written in Matlab, was used to evaluate the\nperformance of both OFDM and FBMC in a WiMAX context, i.e. the frame\nformat is kept as close as possible to WiMAX. From the simulation results it has\nbeen possible to analyze the performance differences between the two systems.\nIn addition to that the simulator was used as a reference in the validation of the\ndemonstrator. The transmitter in the demonstrator is implemented in hardware\nand operates in real time. The channel emulation and up-conversion to RF is\ndone using commercially available instruments from Agilent which have been\nmodified to fit to the task. In the demonstrator receiver the hardware front-end\nconverts the signal to baseband and digitizes it. The OFDM/FBMC signal\nprocessing is done in near real time on a general purpose computer connected\nto the front- end hardware.
AN IMPROVED CELL FRACTIONATION PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF RAT LIVER MEMBRANE-BOUND RIBOSOMES (1973)

A cell fractionation procedure is described which allows the preparation from rat liver of a rough microsome population containing almost 50% of the membrane-bound ribosomes of the tissue. The fraction is not contaminated with free ribosomes or smooth microsomes, and, by various other criteria, is suitable for studies of ribosome-membrane interaction.
Platelet Inhibition Reduces Cyclic Flow Variations and Neointimal Proliferation in Normal and Hypercholesterolemic-Atherosclerotic Canine Coronary Arteries (2001)

Repetitive platelet accumulation at coronary angioplasty sites caused enhanced neointimal proliferation by 8 weeks. Oral inhibitors of platelet aggregation attenuated platelet function, prolonged bleeding times, reduced or prevented cyclic flows and abrupt thrombotic occlusions, and thereby inhibited neointimal proliferation. Platelet inhibition should continue to receive attention in efforts to reduce restenosis after coronary interventions.
Automated focusing of nuclei for time lapse experiments on single cells using holographic optical tweezers (2009)

Experiments on single cells are currently gaining more and more interest. Single cell studies often concerns the spatio-temporal distribution of fluorescent proteins inside living cells, visualized using fluorescence microscopy. In order to extract quantitative information from such experiments it is necessary to image the sample with high spatial and temporal resolution while keeping the photobleaching to a minimum. The analysis of the spatial distribution of proteins often requires stacks of images at each time point, which exposes the sample to unnecessary amounts of excitation light. In this paper we show how holographic optical tweezers combined with image analysis can be used to optimize the axial position of trapped cells in an array in order to bring the nuclei into a single imaging plane, thus eliminating the need for stacks of images and consequently reducing photobleaching. This allows more images to be collected, as well as increasing the time span and/or the time resolution in time lapse studies of single cells.
ChemInform Abstract: THE 2‐ AND 3‐C‐METHYL DERIVATIVES OF METHYL 2,3‐DIDEOXY‐ALPHA‐D‐ERYTHRO‐HEX‐2‐ENOPYRANOSID‐4‐ULOSE (1975)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Epoxid (I) wird über die Stufen (IIa), (IIb), (III) und (IV) die Ulose (V) synthetisiert.
Combining linguistic knowledge and acoustic information in automatic pronunciation lexicon generation (2004)

This paper describes several experiments aimed at the long term goal of enabling a spoken conversational system to automatically improve its pronunciation lexicon over time through direct interactions with end users and from available Web sources. We selected a set of 200 rare words from the OGI corpus of spoken names, and performed several experiments combining spelling and pronunciation information to hypothesize phonemic baseforms for these words. We evaluated the quality of the resulting baseforms through a series of recognition experiments, using the 200 words in an isolated word recognition task. We also report here on a modification to our letter-to-sound system, utilizing a letter-phoneme -gram language model, either alone or in combination with our original “column-bigram” model, for additional linguistic constraint and robustness. Our experiments confirm our expectation that acoustic information drawn from spoken examples of the words can greatly improve the quality of the baseforms, as measured by the recognition error rate. Our ultimate goal is to allow a spoken dialogue system to automatically expand and improve its baseforms over time as users introduce new words or supply spoken pronunciations of existing words.
Anodic aluminum oxide processing, characterization and application to DNA hybridization electrical detection (2007)

Metal oxides have recently come under study thanks to their physical and electrical properties for different applications such as MOS devices, i.e. substituting the silicon oxide with a high-k material, or as MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) capacitors, to increase capacitance per unit area and circuit integration. One oxide of interest in this field is aluminum oxide since it features good electrical insulation and high dielectric constant. In-depth studies are presented here on the use of non-porous anodic Al2O3. Major physical and electrical parameters have been obtained, i.e. dielectric constant, stress, deformation, resistance, surface quality. Constant, low anodizing current density results in a denser oxide, with a thickness of around 100 nm. Performances such as capacitance, breakdown voltage, etc. can be improved when compared to other Al2O3 obtained by other methods. Results are also comparable to other high-k oxides. Fair performance is maintained for temperature raised up to 200°C, which opens new possible applications. Its mechanical and physical properties make it candidate in biological and MEMS devices. DNA re-association or hybridization is the underlining principle of DNA sensors. Different electrical Al structures protected by a thin anodic Al2O3 are tested. Interdigitated capacitors, the most promising electrical structure, were selected and process characterization performed. Three electrical extraction procedures are performed on the same device lying on a passivated silicon substrate: inter-electrodes capacitance, the self-resonance frequency, and the equivalent MOS capacitance between the short-circuited electrodes and the substrate. This study is the first of its kind to open the way for correlation studies and noise reduction techniques based on multiple electrical measurements of the same DNA hybridization event. The hybridization of concentrations as low as 50 pM target DNA has been successfully electrically detected using silver enhancement over gold nano-particles labeled DNA.
Role of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL46 and UL47 in alpha TIF-mediated transcriptional induction: characterization of three viral deletion mutants (1991)

The transcriptional induction of the alpha or immediate-early gene class of herpes simplex virus type 1 effected by the alpha trans-induction factor (alpha TIF, ICP25, VP16, Vmw65) requires an alpha-specific cis-acting site. Increased transcription does not result from the direct, independent binding of alpha TIF, but rather from an alpha TIF-dependent formation of a protein-DNA complex containing, in addition to alpha TIF, at least one host cell factor. One of the host factors is a POU domain protein which recognizes an octamer element in the alpha-specific consensus. There is evidence that alpha TIF may drive the formation of multiple protein-DNA complexes containing a POU protein and additional host factors. Previously, the gene products of UL46 and UL47 have been implicated in modulating the alpha TIF-dependent transcriptional induction of alpha genes. Our current studies have extended these analyses from a transient-expression system to a series of viral deletion mutants. In these studies we demonstrate that neither UL46- nor UL47-encoded gene product, either separately or in combination, is required for viral growth in cell culture. The absence of UL47 reduces by up to 80% the ability of the virus to induce an alpha-regulated thymidine kinase reporter gene resident in 143TK- cells. Autoradiograms of [35S]methionine pulse-labeled infected cell proteins, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, show that deleting UL46 and/or UL47 has no discernable effect on the synthesis of alpha TIF or alpha TIF-containing proteins. Subsequent Western immunoblot analysis, with rabbit anti-alpha TIF antibodies made to an alpha TIF-Staphylococcus aureus protein A fusion, demonstrated that the accumulation and steady-state levels of alpha TIF or alpha TIF-containing proteins was indistinguishable from that of the thymidine kinase-negative isogenic parental virus, R delta 305.
Chapter 6: Safe Water Technology (2001)

Previous chapters have documented the serious health effects that are posed by ingestion of arsenic through drinking water. While some palliative treatment of arsenicosis patients is possible, it is clear that the first step in treating patients, and preventing others from falling sick, is to identify safe sources of water for drinking and cooking in arsenic-affected areas. This chapter will present a brief overview of safe drinking water supply technologies that can provide arsenic-free1 drinking water, either through identifying an arsenic-free source or by removing arsenic from contaminated water. The main focus of this chapter is on rural and peri-urban settings, though many of the technologies discussed are applied in central water supply systems as well, and a few examples of centralized arsenic removal are given. Conventional water supplies are briefly discussed, but as these systems are extensively described elsewhere, the reader is referred to authoritative documents for more detailed information. Arsenic removal technologies are less well documented in standard water supply texts, though a large and growing literature exists in technical journals. In addition, many other valuable papers are found in seminar and conference proceedings, particularly in Latin America and Asia. Since many of these resources are less accessible for some readers, this chapter presents a detailed
Research in statistical models for mobile population (SMMP) (1998)

This paper states the fundamental principles of the Statistical Models for Mobile Population (SMMP), and on the basis of the main features of various mobile places, designs statistical parameters and establishes corresponding mathematical models, so as to convert the dynamic population into the static population which is fit for drafting city population maps.
Understanding membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of WWTP-effluent (2000)

The application of ultrafiltration to effluent of waste water treatment plants (WWTP-effluent) is getting increasing attention. However, many experiments show a rapid decrease in flux urging frequent and intensive cleaning. In order to understand the mechanisms of the occurring fouling process, various filtration and cleaning experiments were performed, giving information about the filterability of the feedwater (F) and the reversibility of the occurring fouling layer (R). Short-term fluxes are mainly determined by the filterability, while both the filterability and the reversibility greatly affect long-term fluxes. The objective of this research is to measure the filterability of WWTP-effluent and the reversibility of the occurring fouling layer in ultrafiltration of wwtp-effluent with and without pre-treatment. The results of the filtration experiments show a rapid decrease of flux resulting in a low value for the filterability, which also decreases during progressing filtration. The filterability is mainly related to the volume of treated water. Pre-treatment of the WWTP-effluent by in-line coagulation or by deep-bed filtration has little influence on the filterability. However, results on the reversibility show an improvement of the reversibility by pre-treatment. Both filterability of the WWTP-effluent and reversibility of the fouling layer are found to be independent of the applied flux. As to the applied cleaning methods, the back flush is far more effective than the forward flush even if combined with air. In all experiments the remaining fouling layer still has to be removed by an intensive chemical cleaning. This research indicates the very importance of reducing the formation of an irreversible, non-removable fouling layer.
An RNAi screen identifies additional members of the <i>Drosophila</i> Integrator complex and a requirement for cyclin C/Cdk8 in snRNA 3′-end formation (2012)

Formation of the 3' end of RNA polymerase II-transcribed snRNAs requires a poorly understood group of proteins called the Integrator complex. Here we used a fluorescence-based read-through reporter that expresses GFP in response to snRNA misprocessing and performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in Drosophila S2 cells to identify novel factors required for snRNA 3'-end formation. In addition to the known Integrator complex members, we identified Asunder and CG4785 as additional Integrator subunits. Functional and biochemical experiments revealed that Asunder and CG4785 are additional core members of the Integrator complex. We also identified a conserved requirement in both fly and human snRNA 3'-end processing for cyclin C and Cdk8 that is distinct from their function in the Mediator Cdk8 module. Moreover, we observed biochemical association between Integrator proteins and cyclin C/Cdk8, and that overexpression of a kinase-dead Cdk8 causes snRNA misprocessing. These data functionally define the Drosophila Integrator complex and demonstrate an additional function for cyclin C/Cdk8 unrelated to its function in Mediator.
NAD(P)H Oxidase and Multidrug Resistance Protein Genetic Polymorphisms Are Associated With Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity (2005)

Genetic variants in doxorubicin transport and free radical metabolism may modulate the individual risk to develop ACT.
The creaming of rubber latex (1939)

C. Bondy, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1939, 35, 1093 DOI: 10.1039/TF9393501093
Syntheses and Properties of Sodium Fluoroalkylbenzenesulfonates (1992)

ベンゼソを種々の過酸化ペルフルオロアルカノイル (CnF2n+1(CO) OO(CO)CnF2n+1;n=1, 3, 4, 6, 8) でフルオロアルキル化し, さらにスルホン化してフルオロアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩 (CnF2n+1C6H4SO3Na;Jn=4, 6, 8) を台成した。合成したアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩は優れた表面張力低下能を示し, フルオロアルキル鎖長の増加に伴い到達最低表面張力値は低下した (60℃で, n=4の場台, 32.8 (mN/m);n=6の場合, 19.5 (mN/m);n=8の場合, 15.5 (mN/m)) 。また, ミセル内部の微視的極性はフルオロアルキル鎖長の増加に伴い低下した。さらに, フルオロアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩の濃厚水溶液において, 液晶 (ラメラ相) が生成した。
Remote Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure (2001)

A fundamental requirement in the practice of medicine is having good instrumentation for the measurement of biological functions. In recent years, many new implantable sensors have been developed, capable to collect the data that is directly related to some health matter, [1]. Examples of such devices include pressure, temperature, and flow rate transducers. Subcutaneously implanted electronic circuits present the opportunity to develop new approaches to sensing and monitoring of biological activities where moderate to long-term data collection is important.
ERdj5 Is Required as a Disulfide Reductase for Degradation of Misfolded Proteins in the ER (2008)

Membrane and secretory proteins cotranslationally enter and are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Misfolded or unassembled proteins are discarded by a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which involves their retrotranslocation into the cytosol. ERAD substrates frequently contain disulfide bonds that must be cleaved before their retrotranslocation. Here, we found that an ER-resident protein ERdj5 had a reductase activity, cleaved the disulfide bonds of misfolded proteins, and accelerated ERAD through its physical and functional associations with EDEM (ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein) and an ER-resident chaperone BiP. Thus, ERdj5 is a member of a supramolecular ERAD complex that recognizes and unfolds misfolded proteins for their efficient retrotranslocation.
Extraction of protein from hoki and barracouta fish heads for utilisation as functional ingredients : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (2014)

Fish heads contain a good amount of protein which can be extracted and used as a functional ingredient in fish products. Like other muscle proteins, fish head protein is composed of the myofibrillar proteins of myosin, actin, tropomyosin and others. Under favourable conditions these proteins, mostly myosin, form a gel network, which is important for a product texture. Hoki and barracouta are abundant in New Zealand. Hoki has great commercial value, but barracouta has a limited use as a fish product due its undesirable dark muscle and bony structure. Both fish muscles are consumed fresh or processed, but the heads are converted to fertiliser. There is no technology currently available which can extract the protein from fish heads for use in a consumer product.\nIt was not possible to make surimi from the fish heads as surimi is mainly produced from fresh white fish muscle. An alternative was to extract the protein from fish heads by a pH shifting process.\nAfter a review of literature in order to study the protein extraction process by the pH shifting method, a series of initial trials were carried out with hoki head mince. On the basis of the initial trials, further improvements were made in the process in order to increase the protein yield. It was found that the usual pH shifting process extracted only a small proportion of the protein from the fish heads. To increase the yield the process was modified by introducing a high temperature extraction at 80° C for one hour step. Once a desirable amount of protein was recovered the same processes were used to extract protein from barracouta.\nThe extracted protein was dried and stored for further experiments. Gels were prepared from the dried protein powder and the properties of the gels were evaluated by texture profile analysis and cooking loss. It was found that the alkali process resulted in a significantly higher yield and the extracted protein gave stronger gels with a decreased cooking loss compared to the acid process and control hoki fillet protein powders.\nThe extracted protein can be added to other fish mince in order to make consumer products and a complete sensory study needs to be done in order to investigate the consumer acceptability. However the extracted protein itself cannot make a complete fish product.\nThis modified extraction process can potentially be used with other fish or animal byproducts.
Chemosensitivity testing of human solid tumors. A review of 1582 assays with 258 clinical correlations (1984)

To improve clinical interpretation and use of in vitro clonogenic assay results, the authors reviewed their experience to date with chemosensitivity testing of over 1500 solid tumors. All clonogenic assays were performed using a double-layer-soft-agar system with continuous exposure of cells to one concentration of standard anticancer drugs. Significant growth was defined as greater than or equal to 30 colonies/control plate. Clinical responses were determined according to standard criteria. Data were analyzed using two different criteria of in vitro sensitivity (greater than or equal to 50% and greater than or equal to 75% inhibition of colony formation) and independently for each histologic type of tumor. Overall, 68% of specimens plated produced significant growth in vitro. Cloning ability varied from 57% to 82% depending on tumor histology. The assay was 57% reliable for predicting in vivo sensitivity, and 92% reliable for in vivo resistance. Predictive accuracy for sensitivity varied from 30% to 86%, depending on the tumor histology. Use of greater than or equal to 50% ICF (inhibition of colony formation) as criteria for differentiating sensitivity from resistance proved most reliable, although criteria should be individualized for each tumor type to maximize predictive accuracy.
On air upgrade for digital television set-top boxes (2010)

This paper presents a mechanism proposal of on air download software update for the Brazilian DTV (digital television) system. A proof of concept was implemented on a Linux based set-top box. Analyses were conducted considering download robustness and the maximum downloading rate.
LAV/HTLV-III <i>gag </i>Gene Product p24 Shares Antigenic Determinants with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus but Not with Visna Virus or Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (1986)

Antigenic cross-reactivity of the human acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome virus LAV/HTLV-III with the lentiviruses visna virus, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was determined with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblot analysis, and virus-specific polyclonal antisera. Nonreciprocal cross-reactivity was seen between the gag gene products p24 of LAV/HTLV-III and p28 of EIAV. Reciprocal cross-reactivity was seen between the gag gene product p28 of visna virus and CAEV. No cross-reactivity was detected between visna virus (or CAEV) and EIAV (or LAV/HTLV-III). This suggests a closer relationship of LAV/HTLV-III with EIAV than with visna virus or CAEV.
IL-7 and the HIV Tat protein act synergistically to down-regulate CD127 expression on CD8 T cells (2009)

IL-7 signaling is essential for optimal CD8 T cell function, homeostasis and establishment of memory. We have previously shown decreased expression of the IL-7 receptor alpha-chain (CD127) on CD8 T cells from HIV-infected patients with active viral replication. We have also shown that soluble HIV Tat protein specifically down-regulates CD127 on the surface of CD8 T cells and impairs cell proliferation and cytolytic potential following stimulation with IL-7 in vitro. We now show that soluble HIV Tat protein and IL-7 at near physiologic concentrations act synergistically to suppress CD127 expression. While soluble HIV Tat protein and IL-7 both independently reduce CD127 expression on the surface of CD8 T cells, Tat concentrations of 10 microg ml(-1) and IL-7 concentrations of 500 pg ml(-1) are required in vitro to have an appreciable effect. However, where 0.5 microg ml(-1) of Tat has no effect on CD127 expression and 200 pg ml(-1) of IL-7 decreases CD127 by only 14%, these two together at these same concentrations induce a 35% reduction in CD127 expression after 24 h. Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) completely blocks IL-7's ability to down-regulate CD127 on the surface of CD8 T cells and also abolishes synergy with Tat. Interestingly, while Tat acts synergistically with IL-7 to reduce CD127 expression, it antagonizes IL-7-induced cell proliferation and Ki-67 expression and has no effect on IL-7-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation or expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Thus, by affecting different IL-7 signal transduction pathways, HIV Tat protein is able to impair both CD8 T cell activation and proliferation without inducing apoptosis.