gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy-protected social media user trajectories calibration (2016)

Advanced data analytics have become an integral part of a number of eScience initiatives including the many challenges facing the urban sciences. Understanding the movement of people and their spatial trajectorits would greatly aid the development of policies for sustainable urban living including urban traffic analysis and smart city management. Due to the widespread popularity of mobile devices with location-aware capabilities and the extensive prevalence of location-based social networks, citizens' movements and their trajectories are being produced and gathered at an unprecedented rate. In this context, there are two fundamental issues that need to be addressed: trajectory data hold private information of citizens that require privacy preserving solutions for data release and analysis, and the heterogeneous nature of the trajectory data makes it hard to effectively measure their similarity, which is fundamental to trajectory analysis. In this paper, we address these challenges by proposing an innovative private trajectories calibration model that not only guarantees the privacy of citizens, but also increases the utility. We have conducted comprehensive experiments using real-life user trajectories extracted from Twitter data. The results reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach, which is also reported in this paper.
Both cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell Nox4 mediate protection against hemodynamic overload-induced remodelling (2017)

Cardiomyocyte as well as endothelial cell Nox4 contributes to protection against chronic hemodynamic overload-induced cardiac remodelling, at least in part through common effects on myocardial capillary density.
Determination of Doxorubicin Levels in Whole Tumor and Tumor Nuclei in Murine Breast Cancer Tumors (2005)

This technique allows correlations to be made between drug bioavailability and therapeutic activity and will help in the rational design of drug carriers.
Insulin stimulates the biosynthesis of chiro-inositol-containing phospholipids in a rat fibroblast line expressing the human insulin receptor. (1993)

HIRc-B cells (rat fibroblasts expressing the human insulin receptor) were incubated with myo-[3H]inositol for 48 hr, and the biosynthesis of chiro-[3H]inositol was investigated in the absence and presence of insulin following a time course up to 60 min. After phase separation, treatment with insulin for 15 min caused a 2.2-fold increase in the specific radioactivity of chiro-[3H]inositol-containing phospholipids in contrast to a 1.2-fold increase in the specific radioactivity of myo-[3H]inositol-containing phospholipids. No insulin-mediated change in the specific radioactivity was observed in the inositol phosphates or free inositols. Further detailed analysis of individual [3H]inositol-containing phospholipids demonstrated marked increases in specific activity of the chiro-[3H]inositol phospholipids after 15 min of incubation with insulin: phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and 4,5-bisphosphate, 4.2-fold; lysophosphatidylinositol, 1.5-fold; phosphatidylinositol, 3.2-fold. In contrast, myo-[3H]inositol-containing phospholipids demonstrated relatively small increases (1.1- to 1.4-fold) after 5 min of incubation with insulin. These findings indicate that insulin stimulates de novo synthesis of chiro-inositol-containing phospholipids at the inositol phospholipid level.
Differential Roles of TwoN-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, CSGalNAcT-1, and a Novel Enzyme, CSGalNAcT-2 (2003)

By a tblastn search with beta 1,4-galactosyltransferases as query sequences, we found an expressed sequence tag that showed similarity in beta 1,4-glycosyltransferase motifs. The full-length complementary DNA was obtained by a method of 5'-rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends. The predicted open reading frame encodes a typical type II membrane protein comprising 543 amino acids, the sequence of which was highly homologous to chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (CSGalNAcT-1), and we designated this novel enzyme CSGalNAcT-2. CSGalNAcT-2 showed much stronger N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity toward glucuronic acid of chondroitin poly- and oligosaccharides, and chondroitin sulfate poly- and oligosaccharides with a beta 1-4 linkage, i.e. elongation activity for chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate, but showed much weaker activity toward a tetrasaccharide of the glycosaminoglycan linkage structure (GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-O-methoxyphenyl), i.e. initiation activity, than CSGalNAcT-1. Transfection of the CSGalNAcT-1 gene into Chinese hamster ovary cells yielded a change of glycosaminoglycan composition, i.e. the replacement of heparan sulfate on a syndecan-4/fibroblast growth factor-1 chimera protein by chondroitin sulfate, however, transfection of the CSGalNAcT-2 gene did not. The above results indicated that CSGalNAcT-1 is involved in the initiation of chondroitin sulfate synthesis, whereas CSGalNAcT-2 participates mainly in the elongation, not initiation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that CSGalNAcT-2 transcripts were highly expressed in the small intestine, leukocytes, and spleen, however, both CSGalNAcTs were ubiquitously expressed in various tissues.
Subject access in online catalogs: A design model (1986)

A model based on strikingly different philosophical assumptions from those currently popular is proposed for the design of online subject catalog access. Three design principles are presented and discussed: uncertainty (subject indexing is indeterminate and probabilistic beyond a certain point), variety (by Ashby's law of requisite variety, variety of searcher query must equal variety of document indexing), and complexity (the search process, particularly during the entry and orientation phases, is subtler and more complex, on several grounds, than current models assume). Design features presented are an access phase, including entry and orientation, a hunting phase, and a selection phase. An end-user thesaurus and a front-end system mind are presented as examples of online catalog system components to improve searcher success during entry and orientation. The proposed model is “wrapped around” existing Library of Congress subject-heading indexing in such a way as to enhance access greatly without requiring reindexing. It is argued that both for cost reasons and in principle this is a superior approach to other design philosophies. © 1986 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3D In Vivo optical coherence tomography based on a low-voltage, large-scan-range 2D MEMS mirror (2010)

3D in vivo optical imaging on a mouse has been obtained using a 2D MEMS mirror for lateral scanning in a time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The MEMS mirror aperture size is 1 x 1 mm(2), and the device footprint is 2 x 2 mm(2). The MEMS mirror scans +/- 30 degrees optical angles about both x and y-axis at only 5.5V DC voltage. An endoscopic probe with an outer diameter of 5.8 mm has been designed, manufactured and packaged. The probe scans an average transverse area of 2 mm x 2 mm. The imaging speed of the probe is about 2.5 frames per second, limited by the speed of the employed optical delay line.
How to distribute your software over the web (1999)

Many software vendors distribute their products to potential and current customers over the web. If you'd like to use the web to disseminate your Windows 9X or NT software, the commercial product InstallFromTheWeb provides a convenient way to do this. Created by lnstalIShield Corp., IFTW lets users download and install software by clicking a few buttons. Based on our team's experience, we believe it is one of the quickest and most convenient Web-based installation packages for these platforms.
The PPP SNA Control Protocol (SNACP) (1996)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Purification, crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of the C-terminal protease domain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP2 (2006)

The C-terminal region of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) nsP2 is responsible for proteolytic processing of the VEEV polyprotein replication complex. This action regulates the activity of the replication complex and is essential for viral replication, thus making nsP2 a very attractive target for development of VEEV therapeutics. The 338-amino-acid C-terminal region of VEEV nsP2 has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. Crystals diffract to beyond 2.5 A resolution and belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). Isomorphous heavy-atom derivatives suitable for phase analysis have been obtained and work on building a complete structural model is under way.
Role of podocyte slit diaphragm as a filtration barrier (Review Article) (2006)

Although the role of glomerular basement membrane has been emphasised as the barrier for retaining plasma proteins in the past three decades, some recent studies have demonstrated that the slit diaphragm of the glomerular epithelial cell (podocyte) is the structure likely to be the barrier in the glomerular capillary wall. Nephrin and podocin were identified as gene products mutated in Finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome and autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, respectively. Nephrin s located at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes of the slit diaphragm. Podocin is reported to have an interaction with nephrin. The anti-nephrin antibody is capable of inducing massive proteinuria, which indicates that nephrin is a key functional molecule in the slit diaphragm. The expression of nephrin and podocin was reduced in glomeruli of minimal change nephrotic syndrome, which suggested that the altered expression of these molecules contributes to the development of proteinuria also in acquired diseases. Some recent studies demonstrated that CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is also a functional molecule in the slit diaphragm, and its expression is altered in membranous nephropathy. These observations suggested that alteration of the molecular arrangement in the slit diaphragm is involved in the development of proteinuria in several kinds of glomerular diseases.
Heteroaromatization with ketene dithioacetals: Part I. Synthesis of some novel 5-amino-1-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) and 1-(1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-yl)pyrazole-4-carbonitriles (2000)

5-Amino-3-methylthio-1-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) and 1-(1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-yl)pyrazole-4-carbonitriles have been prepared from 5-aminopyrazoles using ketene dithioacetals as starting materials.
<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐(2‐(<i>R</i>)‐Propargylglycyl)lysine as a Clickable Pyrrolysine Mimic (2010)

Clickable copycat! Readily available dipeptide D-Pra-ε-Lys is identified using a modified fluorescence protein assay as a highly efficient clickable pyrrolysine mimic. It is shown to incorporate into calmodulin in high yield to provide a handle for labeling with an azide-containing coumarin.
Barley mild mosaic virus inside its fungal vector, <i>Polymyxa graminis</i> (1991)

SUMMARY In an electron microscope study to investigate the association of barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) with its fungal vector, Polymyxa graminis , thin sections were made of zoospores of the vector and of barley roots containing different stages in the life cycle of the fungus. Immunogold labelling was used to identify the virus in sections. Labelled bundles of presumed virus particles were seen in c. 1% of zoospores liberated from plant roots and in zoospores inside zoosporangia. A few zoosporangial plasmodia had localised labelling but no bundles were seen. No virus particles were seen in sections of resting spores.
NEW DRUGS TO IMPROVE TRANSPLANT OUTCOMES (2004)

Fujisawa is committed to improving the outcomes of transplant patients worldwide. Research and development programs are underway for a new modified release dosage form of tacrolimus (MR-4), a new analog of leflunomide (FK 778), and several novel compounds (PG 490-88, AGI 1096) in collaboration with other companies. These programs are targeted to address many of the unmet medical needs in transplantation including (1) improving compliance, (2) reducing chronic rejection, and (3) improving long-term safety by reducing infectious and cardiovascular risk.
Yersinia enterocolitica: its isolation by cold enrichment from patients and healthy subjects. (1981)

Routine culture and cold enrichment were compared in a prospective study on the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from patients with intestinal disease. Healthy controls were examined with the cold enrichment method only. Y enterocolitica was isolated from 5.9% of 1635 patient stools, 3.4% of 206 appendices, and 4.0% of 555 control stools. Serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 were eight times more prevalent in patients than in controls. Other serotypes were twice as prevalent in controls than in patients. Cold enrichment did not significantly increase the recovery of serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 in acute enteritis, but it was responsible for all isolates of the other serotypes. Evidence is presented that the other serotypes are not pathogenic. In patient stools, Y enterocolitica was demonstrated less frequently than Salmonella (9.1%), and more often than Campylobacter jejuni (1.8%) and Shigella (0.1%).
Frequency hop multiple access codes based upon the theory of cubic congruences (1990)

The need for families of frequency-hop codes which have mutually small auto-ambiguity and cross-ambiguity functions is discussed. Current coding methods are reviewed. A new family of frequency-hop codes based upon the number-theoretic concept of cubic congruences is introduced. It is shown that for about 50% of the prime numbers, families of full codes exist which have at most two coincidences for any time-frequency shift in their auto-ambiguity functions and at most three coincidences in the set of mutual cross-ambiguity functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactive oxygen species induce neurite degeneration before induction of cell death (2016)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce neuronal cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of cultured cells with a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide induces neurite degeneration, but not cell death. Neurites (axons and dendrites) are vulnerable to ROS. Neurite degeneration (shrinkage, accumulation, and fragmentation) has been found in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. However, the mechanism of ROS-related neurite degeneration is not fully understood. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and microtubule destabilization. These dysfunctions are deeply related to changes in calcium homeostasis and ROS production in neurites. Treatment with antioxidant substances, such as vitamin E, prevents neurite degeneration in cultured cells. This review describes the possibility that ROS induces neurite degeneration before the induction of cell death.
Transmission Phase Measurements with a Single Six-Port (1980)

It is well known that two six-ports can be used to measure the S matrix parameters of a two port network. In this paper the point is emphasized that a single six-port is sufficient to measure the transmission phase of such a two port network. The transmission phase is frequently the quantity of most experimental interest. Two methods of measuring transmission phase with asingle six-port are described and experimental confirmation is provided at X band (8.2 -12.4 GHz) and Ku band (12.4-18.0 GHz).
Analysis of TNFalpha microsatellites in 35 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. (2000)

Our data support a role for the TNFalpha10 allele in primary Sjögren's syndrome, particularly those forms with joint symptoms and anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies.
Clinical Issues (2012)

This Month Informed consent for repeated procedures Key words: informed consent, sequential procedures, serial procedures, repeat procedures, power of attorney . Obtaining informed consent after administration of preoperative sedation Key words: informed consent, surgical consent, preoperative sedation . Use of medical scribes in perioperative services Key words: medical scribes, clinical information managers, health care worker .
Experimental Investigation of Stepped Tip Gap Effects on the Performance of a Transonic Axial-Flow Compressor Rotor (1998)

The effects of stepped-tip gaps and clearance levels on the performance of a transonic axial-flow compressor rotor were experimentally determined. A two-stage compressor with no inlet guide vanes was tested in a modern transonic compressor research facility. The first-stage rotor was unswept and was tested for an optimum tip clearance with variations in stepped gaps machined into the casing near the aft tip region of the rotor. Nine causing geometries were investigated consisting of three step profiles at each of three clearance levels. For small and intermediate clearances, stepped tip gaps were found to improve pressure ratio, efficiency, and flow range for most operating conditions. At 100 percent design rotor speed, stepped tip gaps produced a doubling of mass flow range with as much as a 2.0 percent increase in mass flow and a 1.5 percent improvement in efficiency. This study provides guidelines for engineers to improve compressor performance for an existing design by applying an optimum casing profile.
Layer interdependence of transport in an undoped electron-hole bilayer (2008)

The layer interdependence of transport in an undoped electron-hole bilayer (UEHBL) device was studied as a function of carrier density, interlayer electric field, and temperature. The UEHBL device consisted of a density tunable, independently contacted two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) in distinct (100) GaAs quantum wells separated by a 30 nm ${\text{Al}}_{0.9}{\text{Ga}}_{0.1}\text{As}$ barrier. The 2DEG and 2DHG are induced via field effect by top and bottom gates, respectively. Transport measurements were made simultaneously on each layer using the van der Pauw method. An increase in 2DHG mobility with increasing 2DEG density was observed, while the 2DEG mobility showed minimal dependence on the 2DHG density. Changes in both surface-gate voltages for the mobility-density measurements were observed. Decreasing the interlayer electric field and thereby increasing interlayer separation also increased the 2DHG mobility with negligible effects on the 2DEG mobility. The change in interlayer separation as interlayer electric field changed was estimated using 2DHG Coulomb drag measurements. A general discussion of the results is given in which the possible sources for the apparent interlayer dependence of the hole transport are examined.
Ruthenium catalysts bearing a benzimidazolylidene ligand for the metathetical ring-closure of tetrasubstituted cycloolefins (2015)

Deprotonation of 1,3-di(2-tolyl)benzimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with a strong base afforded 1,3-di(2-tolyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene (BTol), which dimerized progressively into the corresponding dibenzotetraazafulvalene. The complexes [RhCl(COD)(BTol)] (COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and cis-[RhCl(CO)2(BTol)] were synthesized to probe the steric and electronic parameters of BTol. Comparison of the percentage of buried volume (%VBur) and of the Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of BTol with those determined previously for 1,3-dimesitylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (BMes) revealed that the two N-heterocyclic carbenes displayed similar electron donicities, yet the 2-tolyl substituents took a slightly greater share of the rhodium coordination sphere than the mesityl groups, due to a more pronounced tilt. The anti,anti conformation adopted by BTol in the molecular structure of [RhCl(COD)(BTol)] ensured nonetheless a remarkably unhindered access to the metal center, as evidenced by steric maps. Second-generation ruthenium-benzylidene and isopropoxybenzylidene complexes featuring the BTol ligand were obtained via phosphine exchange from the first generation Grubbs and Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts, respectively. The atropisomerism of the 2-tolyl substituents within [RuCl2(=CHPh)(PCy3)(BTol)] was investigated by using variable temperature NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of all four possible rotamers of [RuCl2(=CH-o-O(i)PrC6H4)(BTol)] were determined by X-ray crystallography. Both complexes were highly active at promoting the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of model α,ω-dienes. The replacement of BMes with BTol was particularly beneficial to achieve the ring-closure of tetrasubstituted cycloalkenes. More specifically, the stable isopropoxybenzylidene chelate enabled an almost quantitative RCM of two challenging substrates, viz., diethyl 2,2-bis(2-methylallyl)malonate and N,N-bis(2-methylallyl)tosylamide, within a few hours at 60 °C.
Hydrogels for cardiac tissue regeneration (2008)

Our research is focused on the design of engineered biomaterials that can harness natural cellular and molecular healing pathways to enhance functional tissue regeneration. Two important considerations for tissue regeneration are induction and remodeling. Although the healing process that leads to functional regeneration relies on numerous biological events, it can often be catalyzed and sustained by a single inductive biological factor. Ideally, one can engineer a synthetic biomaterial to possess inductive healing properties using protein immobilization techniques and also to be susceptible to cell-mediated remodeling. Toward this goal, we developed a novel biomimetic material that can harness the inductive properties of the natural blood clot protein fibrinogen. Using synthetic polymer conjugation chemistry, we modify the fibrinogen molecule with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to create a biosynthetic precursor with tunable physicochemical properties based on the molecular relationship between the two constituents [1]. A hydrogel matrix is formed from the biocompatible liquid precursor by non-toxic free-radical polymerization using light activation (photopolymerization). The susceptibility of this hydrogel biomaterial to protease degradation and consequent cell-mediated remodeling is precisely controlled by the amount and size of the PEG constituent in the polymer network [4]. The protein-based material also conveys inductive signals to cells through bioactive sites on the fibrinogen backbone. This biomimetic material has been tested in cell-based tissue engineering applications and in acellular in vivo tissue regeneration applications with bone [7], cartilage [2,9], and cardiac tissues [11,12]. In cardiac cell therapy for example, the inability to locally deliver and retain cell grafts in the damaged cardiac muscle has limited the effectiveness of this important treatment option. As cardiac stem cell research addresses the issue of cell sourcing, there is still a need for biomaterials that can effectively deliver the cell grafts into the infarct region and promote structural and functional integration with the native myocardium, without damaging the cells or the heart muscle [3]. Injectable hydrogel biomaterials based on hydrophilic, biocompatible polymers are an optimal delivery system for cardiac tissue engineering [6]; the high water content of these polymers creates a tissue-like environment, and in situ polymerization provides a means of injection and gelation of a cell suspension polymer mixture directly in the site of the infarct [8]. In the current investigation, we explore the use PEGylated fibrinogen polymer hydrogels for myocardial tissue engineering. The optimization of hydrogel composition and cell seeding density were assessed