gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filterbank Multicarrier and Multicarrier CDMA for Cognitive Radio Systems (2007)

Recent works in cognitive radio (CR) have suggested multicarrier communication based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for CR networks. In this paper, we propose two alternative multicarrier techniques. The first one, filterbank-based OFDM-OQAM (OFDM-offset quadrature amplitude modulation), allows to maximize the secondary users' spectral efficiency by eliminating the need for guard bands. Also, OFDM-OQAM's filterbank spectral estimator has greater dynamic range than the conventional fast fourier transform in OFDM, which further reduces the probability of undesirable collisions between the secondary users (SU) and primary users (PU). However, OFDM-OQAM still requires an SU base station for distributed sensing. For cases where such is not available, or when sensing information cannot be conveyed, we suggest another multicarrier technique, namely multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA). While MC-CDMA does not achieve comparably high spectral efficiency as OFDM-OQAM, the spreading gain of MC-CDMA results in graceful degradation in the case of collisions between PUs and SUs. Furthermore, compared to direct sequence (DS) CDMA, MC-CDMA allows to exclude narrowband PU interferers locally at the SU receiver, hence improving SU performance. We show that MC-CDMA makes it possible to operate the SU network without distributed sensing and hence no need for a base station infrastructure and/or a signaling channel.
Histone autoantigens in murine lupus. Definition of a major epitope within an accessible region of chromatin. (1990)

In SLE and in the (NZB x NZW)F1 murine model of this disease, IgG autoantibodies are frequently produced to DNA and histones. In the present study, we define a linear epitope on histone H2B that is recognized by (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. IgG antibodies from anti-H2B positive (but not anti-H2B negative) mice bound strongly to a peptide containing the first 15 N-terminal amino acids, a region that is exposed in chromatin. Competitive inhibition studies showed that the binding of autoantibodies to H2B in ELISA as well as the binding to soluble H2B was substantially blocked by this peptide. Studies with smaller peptides mapped the epitope to residues 3-12. Individual mice recognized different residues within this region, and a sequence search did not reveal proteins other than H2B that could elicit this spectrum of antibodies. Interestingly, these autoantibody specificities were not a component of those induced in preautoimmune mice by immunization with H2B/RNA complexes or with H2B peptide 1-30 containing the autoantigenic sequence. These findings argue that recognition of a specific N-terminal region of self histone contributes to the anti-H2B autoantibody response in lupus. Autoreactive B cells with specificity for this sequence seem to develop only after the autoimmune process has been initiated.
Dependence of a microresonator Kerr frequency comb on the pump linewidth (2017)

We experimentally investigate the dependence of Kerr comb generation, comb linewidth, and coherent system performance on the pump linewidth in a microresonator. We find that the generation of the primary comb can have a larger tolerance to the pump linewidth compared with that of the low-phase-noise comb. In addition, the linewidths of the generated combs are almost linearly dependent on the pump linewidth in the primary and low-phase-noise states. Furthermore, the optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty between the pump and generated Kerr combs in a coherent communication system is less than 0.2 dB in both the primary and low-phase-noise states, showing that Kerr frequency combs in these two states can have similar coherent system performance to the pump.
Measurement of light capture in solar cells from silver- and tin-plated patterned bus bars (2007)

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Generation of hair cells by stepwise differentiation of embryonic stem cells (2003)

The increase in life expectancy is accompanied by the growing burden of chronic diseases. Hearing loss is perhaps the most prevalent of all chronic diseases. In addition to age-related hearing loss, a substantial number of cases of audiological impairment are either congenital in nature or acquired during childhood. The permanence of hearing loss is mainly due to the inability of the cochlear sensory epithelium to replace lost mechanoreceptor cells, or hair cells. Generation of hair cells from a renewable source of progenitors that can be transplanted into damaged inner ears is a principal requirement for potential cell replacement therapy in this organ. Here, we present an experimental protocol that enables us to routinely create inner ear progenitors from murine embryonic stem cells in vitro. These progenitors express a comprehensive set of marker genes that define the developing inner ear, in particular the organ's developing sensory patches. We further demonstrate that cells that express markers characteristic of hair cells differentiate from embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors. Finally, we show that these progenitors integrate into the developing inner ear at sites of epithelial injury and that integrated cells start expressing hair cell markers and display hair bundles when situated in cochlear or vestibular sensory epithelia in vivo.
Performance of LED Using Al 2 O 3 Thin Film as Thermal Interface Material (2014)

Miniaturization of solid state lighting devices creates issues on proper heat dissipation to maintain the junction temperature within the specified range for long term application. Heat dissipation can be improved by applying a thermally conductive interface material (TIM) between light emitting diode (LED) and heat sink. Al 2O3 is one of the oxide filler material used to increase the thermal conductivity of thermal paste. Thickness control of TIM plays a vital role and restricts the use of various materials. Based on this facts, Al2O 3 thin film at two different thicknesses were prepared by rf sputtering on Cu substrates which was used as heat sink for high power LED. The thermal transient analysis was performed for the given LED attached with Al 2O3 coated Cu substrates and measured low total thermal resistance (Rth) value at 400 nm for 350 mA. The raise in junction temperature (T J) was also low for 400 nm boundary condition at 350 mA. To strengthen this observation, surface topography of Al 2O3 thin film was measured and it is noticed that very low surface roughness for 400 and 500 nm Al2O 3 thin films. The grain size measured by software analysis has supported the observation due to changes in both R th and TJ with respect to driving currents. Overall, the Al 2O3 thin film coated Cu substrates conducts less heat for high power LEDs. Index Terms—Al2O 3, LED, surface contact, thermal interface material, thermal resistance, thermal transient curve, thin film ——————————  ——————————
High frequency losses of ferromagnetic wires near the gyromagnetic resonance (2001)

Co-based amorphous glass-covered microwires have been manufactured with inner metal diameter ranging from 4.5 to 12 /spl mu/m and constant total diameter of 17.5 /spl mu/m. The parallel permeability of these wires has been measured in the 10 MHz to 6 GHz frequency range. It is shown that for the thinner core diameters, the high frequency features are well described using a conventional gyromagnetic model and the measured values of the anisotropy field. For the thicker core diameters, it appears that the measured anisotropy field does not account for the high frequency behavior.
Measurements in fiber optics (1978)

Recent advances in optical-fiber technology dictate that attention must be given to establishing accurate and precise measurement techniques. In this paper measurements currently employed to determine the characteristics of optical fiber waveguides are reviewed. Included in the review are techniques for measuring attenuation, delay distortion, refractive-index profile, fiber diameter, and mechanical strength. Since establishment of accurate measurement procedures cannot be accomplished without some knowledge of the physical mechanisms controlling the parameters to be measured, a brief review of the dominant causes of attenuation and modal delay in fibers is also included.
Selective Destruction of Stable Microtubules and Axons by Inhibitors of Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphatases in Cultured Human Neurons (NT2N Cells) (1997)

Paired helical filaments (PHFs) in the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains are composed of highly phosphorylated isoforms of tau (PHFtau) that fail to bind microtubules (MTs), and the levels of MT-binding competent tau are decreased in AD brains with abundant PHFtau. Because this loss of MT binding could compromise the viability of tangle-bearing AD neurons by destabilizing MTs, we asked whether these events could be initiated by inhibiting protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and PP2A in cultured human neurons (NT2N cells) using okadaic acid (OK) and calyculin-A (CL-A). The treatment of NT2N cells with OK and CL-A increased tau phosphorylation, decreased the binding of tau to MTs, and selectively depolymerized the more stable detyrosinated MTs but not the more labile tyrosinated MTs. Significantly, this led to the rapid degeneration of axons, which are enriched in the more stable detyrosinated MTs, and PP2A was implicated in the initiation of this cascade of events because PP2A but not PP1 was closely associated with MTs in the NT2N cells. These studies imply that inactivation of PP2A in vulnerable neurons of the AD brain may play a mechanistic role in the conversion of normal tau into PHFtau, in the depolymerization of stable MTs, and in the degeneration of axons emanating from tangle-bearing neurons.
A 23-to-29 GHz Transconductor-Tuned VCO MMIC in 0.13 $\mu$m CMOS (2007)

A transconductor-tuned 23-to-29 GHz wideband VCO is implemented in 0.13-mum CMOS technology. Tuning is accomplished by exploiting the 90deg phase shift across a transcon- ductor. The frequency is continuously tunable with differential and common-mode ranges of 23.6% and 3.3%, respectively, using a 1.5-V (maximum) single-ended tuning voltage. Measured phase noise at 26 GHz is -92.6 dBc/Hz for 1-MHz frequency offset. The 0.3 x 0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> VCO consumes a total of 43 mW from a 1.2-V supply. The open-drain output buffer delivers -11 dBm single-ended to a 50-Omega load, while consuming 6.5 mW at 1.2 V.
Oversampled Time Estimation Techniques for Precision Photonic Detectors (2007)

The use of oversampling to reduce I/O requirements of time-todigital converters for arrays of high precision photonic detectors is considered. Simulation results show that the high linearity offered by oversampled converters can be applied to time estimation. The averaging and lowpass filtering inherent in these techniques reduce jitter and enhance estimates of mean time delay. The effect of background illumination on the accuracy of time-of-flight estimates for Lidar range-finding is modeled using a first order sigma-delta modulator. Novel event-driven techniques are proposed for the reduction of sensitivity to background light level.
O-Acylhydroxylamines. I. Synthesis of O-Benzoylhydroxylamine<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTO-Acylhydroxylamines. I. Synthesis of O-Benzoylhydroxylamine1Louis A. Carpino, Chester A. Giza, and Barbara A. CarpinoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 4, 955–957Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01513a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01513a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1437Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
COMMENTARY: Role of connexin genes in growth control (1996)

Of CONNEXIN (ph/voltaga gating) COOH EXTRACELLULAR SPACE Invotvad m conrwron / connuon krtaracHon ( El and E2 ) Vottag. gating < El) Raeognrbon of connaion apacMeHy ( E2 ) ^gj Consarvad among diflarant connaiin molaculat
Modeling transfusion reactions and predicting in vivo cell survival with kodecytes (2011)

KODE technology not only enables the creation of artificial transfusion reactions in animal models, but also has the potential to be used clinically in man to determine 24-hour cell survival. The ability to recover the kodecytes for further analysis has valuable research and diagnostic potential.
IS902, an insertion element of the chronic-enteritis-causing Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum (1992)

An insertion sequence element of Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum was isolated and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. IS902 is 1470 bp in size and is repeated 10-12 times per genome. An open reading frame of 1200 bp was identified, encoding a protein product of Mr 43932. This protein is highly similar to the predicted proteins of IS900 of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, IS116 of Streptomyces clavuligerus and IS110 of Streptomyces coelicolor. IS902 lacks terminal inverted repeats and flanking direct repeats but displays insertion site specificity.
Simulation and State Estimation of Transient Flow in Gas Pipeline Networks Using a Transfer Function Model (2006)

Dynamic simulation models of gas pipeline networks can be used for on-line applications such as state estimation, leak detection, etc. A prime requirement for such models is computational efficiency. In this paper, a transfer function model of a gas pipeline is used as a basis for developing a dynamic simulator for gas pipeline networks. The simulator is incorporated in a data reconciliation framework, which is ideally suited for on-line state estimation based on all available measurements of pressures and flow rates. The American Gas Association (AGA) model is used for making realistic computations of the gas compressibility. Accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method are evaluated by comparing our results with those obtained using a fully nonlinear second-order accurate finite difference method. The ability of the proposed approach for obtaining accurate state estimation from noisy measurements is demonstrated through simulations on an example network. We also demonstrate the use of the proposed approach for estimating an unknown demand at any node by exploiting the redundancy in measurements.
New edge-defined vertical-etch approaches for submicrometer MOSFET fabrication (1980)

This paper describes a new, convenient "undercut and backfill" technique for forming edge-defined submicrometer elements based only on standard optical lithography and vertical (anisotropic) dry etching. MOSFETs having physical channel lengths from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3 \micro</tex> m to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\simeq 1.0 micro</tex> m can be fabricated using this approach, This method is compared with an alternative vertical etch, edge-defined technique which is capable of fabricating physical gate lengths oF <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1-0.4 \micro</tex> m. In particular, MOSFETs having <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L \simeq 0.1 \micro</tex> m, believed to be the smallest reported to date, have been made. A vertical etching technique which forms a passivating sidewall oxide is also described. Modifications of this technique to fabricate self-aligned shallow/deep n+/n++ junctions having reduced series resistance and short-channel effects (in particular punchthrough) are illustrated.
Detection of direction and number of impinging signals in array antennas using cyclostationarity (1999)

Detection of the directions of arrival (DOA) and the number of impinging signals is an essential function in many array antenna beamforming techniques. A new approach is presented here for estimating the DOA and the number of desired signals in array antennas. The new algorithm exploits the cyclostationarity of the modulated signals, which are disturbed by unknown interferences and noises, to suppress undesired signals. In this approach, the outputs of antenna sensors are applied to a linear prediction model and the cyclic correlation is calculated to utilize the cyclostationarity of the desired signals. Also the error of estimation of the cyclic correlation function in the linear prediction model is evaluated and the DOA of the desired signals is correctly estimated. Results are compared with the results of conventional approaches, such as cyclic MUSIC, in the presence of interference and at low signal-to-noise ratios. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 82(10): 29–39, 1999
Robust face tracking using color (2002)

We discuss a new robust tracking technique applied to histograms of intensity-normalized color. This technique supports a video codec based on orthonormal basis coding. Orthonormal basis coding can be very efficient when the images to be coded have been normalized in size and position. However an imprecise tracking procedure can have a negative impact on the efficiency and the quality of reconstruction of this technique, since it may increase the size of the required basis space. The face tracking procedure described in this paper has certain advantages, such as greater stability, higher precision, and less jitter, over conventional tracking techniques using color histograms. In addition to those advantages, the features of the tracked object such as mean and variance are mathematically describable.
Nitric oxide-donating aspirin induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through induction of oxidative stress (2005)

Nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-ASA) is a promising chemoprevention agent against colon cancer and other cancers. It consists of traditional ASA to which a NO-releasing moiety is bound through a spacer. NO-ASA inhibits colon cancer cell growth several hundred times more potently than does ASA. In Min mice, NO-ASA inhibited intestinal carcinogenesis without affecting cell proliferation. Thus, we examined whether NO-ASA's most important cell kinetic effect is the induction of apoptosis. After confirming induction of apoptosis in Min mice, we studied the underlying mechanism in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. NO-ASA's spacer formed a conjugate with glutathione, depleting glutathione stores. This induced oxidative stress (increased intracellular levels of peroxides and O(2)(.-)) leads to apoptosis by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. NO-ASA disrupted adherens junctions by inducing cleavage of beta- and gamma-catenin, resulting in cell detachment. NO-ASA inhibited Wnt signaling by a dual mechanism: at low concentrations it blocked the formation of beta-catenin/Tcf complexes (dominant mechanism), and at higher concentrations it also cleaved beta-catenin. These findings provide a mechanism of action by a potent chemopreventive agent, underscore the significance of these pathways in regulating cell death in the context of cancer chemoprevention, and present a paradigm for developing agents with enhanced cancer cell growth inhibitory properties.
SopD2 is a Novel Type III Secreted Effector of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> That Targets Late Endocytic Compartments Upon Delivery Into Host Cells (2003)

Salmonella typhimuriumis a facultative intracellular pathogen that utilizes two type III secretion systems to deliver virulence proteins into host cells. These proteins, termed effectors, alter host cell function to allow invasion into and intracellular survival/replication within a vacuolar compartment. Here we describe SopD2, a novel member of the Salmonella translocated effector (STE) family, which share a conserved N-terminal type III secretion signal. Disruption of the sopD2 gene prolonged the survival of mice infected with a lethal dose of Salmonella typhimurium, demonstrating a significant role for this effector in pathogenesis. Expression of sopD2 was induced inside host cells and was dependent on functional ssrA/B and phoP/Q, two component regulatory systems. HA-tagged SopD2 was delivered into HeLa cells in a SPI-2-dependent manner and associated with both the Salmonella-containing vacuole and with swollen endosomes elsewhere in the cell. Subcellular fractionation confirmed that SopD2 was membrane associated in host cells, while the closely related effector SopD was localized to the cytosol. A SopD2 fusion to GFP associated with small tubular structures and large vesicles containing late endocytic markers, including Rab7. Surprisingly, expression of N-terminal amino acids 1-150 of SopD2 fused to GFP was sufficient to mediate both binding to late endosomes/lysosomes and swelling of these compartments. These findings demonstrate that the N-terminus of SopD2 is a bifunctional domain required for both type III secretion out of Salmonella as well as late endosome/lysosome targeting following translocation into host cells.
Velocity Independent Electromagnetic Inspection of Steel Wire Ropes (1978)

the search coil.This semiconductor device is somewhat similar to well known magneto-electric converting devices, except that the sensitivity of this device is several hundred times greater than that of them.The most significant feature of the new system is its independency of the sensitivity on the rope speed, which substantiated the inspection virtually at any speed including motionless state.Several units of the device, whose number is consequential to its physical dimensions and also to the inherent directional sensitivity, are laid on a pair of split bobbin to encircle the rope simultaneously at a close two sections to form a twin annular detector assembly.Serial or cummulative connection of all the units in one section covers the effect of lateral vibration of the rope, and the differential connection between the both halves of the twin results in a satisfactory enhancement of overall noise immunity.The output voltage ranges approximately ten times greater than the e.m.f.on the conventional search coils at a pertinent magnetization, and may be fed into an appropriate differential amplifier for following signal processing.For general inspection, the number of the units in each half should not be consistent with the number of strands in the rope in order to reduce the periodical noise caused by the inevitable periodic change in radial clearance between the relief of rope surface and the annular detector assembly while the rope passes.This system with another version of the detector assembly may also be applied to measuring the let out length of a rope, determining the elongation and examining the uniformity of rope strand, in which assembly the number of the units in each half should be consistent with the number of strands.