gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band Gap Engineering of SnO<sub>2</sub> by Epitaxial Strain: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations (2014)

The effect of mis-match strain on the structural, electronic, and optical properties in SnO2 epitaxial thin films has been systematically investigated by the experimental and theoretical methods. Our results indicate that the tensile strain exists in the thin film and decreases with the thickness of epitaxial samples. Besides, the optical band gap significantly reduces with increasing the tensile strain in the bc plane. Our hybrid functional calculations present that the narrowing of band gap of SnO2 under tensile strain is due to the weakening of bonding and antibonding split, which results from the disorder of SnO6 octahedra, and the biaxial strain is found to be more efficient than the uniaxial strain for tuning the band gap of SnO2.
Terramechanics‐based model for steering maneuver of planetary exploration rovers on loose soil (2007)

Abstract This paper presents analytical models to investigate the steering maneuvers of planetary exploration rovers on loose soil. The models are based on wheel‐soil interaction mechanics, or terramechanics, with which the traction and disturbance forces of a wheel are evaluated for various slip conditions. These traction forces are decomposed into the longitudinal and lateral directions of the wheel. The latter component, termed the side force has a major influence in characterizing the steering maneuvers of the rover. In this paper, the wheel‐soil mechanics models are developed with particular attention to the side force and the validity of the model is confirmed by using a single‐wheel test bed. The motion profile of the entire rover is numerically evaluated by incorporating the wheel‐soil models into an articulated multibody model that describes the motion dynamics of the vehicle's body and chassis. Steering maneuvers are investigated under different steering angles by using a four‐wheel rover test bed on simulated lunar soil regolith simulant. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results using the corresponding model parameters. The proposed wheel‐and‐vehicle model demonstrates better accuracy in predicting steering maneuvers as compared to the conventional kinematics‐based model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactions of trifluoromethyl hypofluorite with sulfur and with other substances containing divalent sulfur (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of trifluoromethyl hypofluorite with sulfur and with other substances containing divalent sulfurRobert E. Bailey and George H. CadyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 8, 1930–1932Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50090a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50090a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hybrid Beamforming With Dynamic Subarrays and Low-Resolution PSs for mmWave MU-MISO Systems (2019)

Analog/digital hybrid beamforming architectures with large-scale antenna arrays have been widely considered in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems because they can address the tradeoff between performance and hardware efficiency compared with traditional fully-digital beamforming. Most of the prior work on hybrid beamforming focused on fully-connected architecture or partially-connected scheme with fixed-subarrays, in which the analog beamformers are usually realized by infinite-resolution phase shifters (PSs). In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid beamforming architecture with dynamic subarrays and hardware-efficient low-resolution PSs for mmWave multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) systems. By dynamically connecting each RF chain to a non-overlap subarray via a switch network and PSs, we can exploit multiple-antenna and multiuser diversities to mitigate the performance loss due to the use of practical low-resolution PSs. An iterative hybrid beamformer design algorithm is first proposed based on fractional programming (FP), aiming at maximizing the sum-rate performance of the MU-MISO system. In an effort to reduce the complexity, we also present a simple heuristic hybrid beamformer design algorithm for the dynamic subarray scheme. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed hybrid beamforming architecture with dynamic subarrays and low-resolution PSs compared to existing fixed-subarray schemes.
Characterization of a Unique GATA Family Gene That Responds to Both Light and Cytokinin in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2007)

For higher plants, light is an important external signal, whereas cytokinin acts as an internal hormonal signal, and both are crucial for almost all aspects of development and physiological states. Here we identified and characterized a unique gene, CGA1, encoding a GATA factor, whose expression was rapidly induced by both the light and cytokinin signals in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Let's Ask Again: Refine Network for Automatic Question Generation (2019)

In this work, we focus on the task of Automatic Question Generation (AQG) where given a passage and an answer the task is to generate the corresponding question. It is desired that the generated question should be (i) grammatically correct (ii) answerable from the passage and (iii) specific to the given answer. An analysis of existing AQG models shows that they produce questions which do not adhere to one or more of {the above-mentioned qualities}. In particular, the generated questions look like an incomplete draft of the desired question with a clear scope for refinement. {To alleviate this shortcoming}, we propose a method which tries to mimic the human process of generating questions by first creating an initial draft and then refining it. More specifically, we propose Refine Network (RefNet) which contains two decoders. The second decoder uses a dual attention network which pays attention to both (i) the original passage and (ii) the question (initial draft) generated by the first decoder. In effect, it refines the question generated by the first decoder, thereby making it more correct and complete. We evaluate RefNet on three datasets, \textit{viz.}, SQuAD, HOTPOT-QA, and DROP, and show that it outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods by 7-16\% on all of these datasets. Lastly, we show that we can improve the quality of the second decoder on specific metrics, such as, fluency and answerability by explicitly rewarding revisions that improve on the corresponding metric during training. The code has been made publicly available \footnote{https://github.com/PrekshaNema25/RefNet-QG}
Capsular block syndrome associated with femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (2011)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosure is found in the footnotes.
Identification of G-Box Sequence as an Essential Element for Methyl Jasmonate Response of Potato Proteinase Inhibitor II Promoter (1992)

The potato proteinase inhibitor II promoter was studied to identify cis-acting regulatory sequences involved in methyl jasmonate (MJ) response using transgenic tobacco plants carrying various lengths of the promoter fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. An internal fragment between -625 and -520 was sufficient to confer a response to MJ, wounding, or sucrose when it was placed upstream of the nos promoter -101, which contains the CAAT-TATA region. Deletion of the proteinase inhibitor II promoter sequence upstream of -611 did not affect the MJ response, but a further deletion to -573 eliminated the response. The 3'-deletion study showed that the DNA sequence downstream from -520 is dispensable. However, 3'-deletion mutant -574 did not respond to the MJ treatment. These results indicated that an element essential for the MJ response is located at the -574/-573 region where the G-box sequence (CACGTGG) is located. The G-box sequence was not required for the sucrose enhancer effect, suggesting that the MJ response mechanism is different from that of sucrose.
The Isotonic Regression Problem and its Dual (1972)

Abstract The isotonic regression problem is to minimize Σt i = 1 [gi − xi]2wi subject to xi ≤ xj when where wi>0 and gi (i= 1, 2, …, k) are given and is a specified partial ordering on {1, 2, …, k}. The solution is called the isotonic regression on g. We formulate a generalization of this problem and calculate its Fenchel dual. A function of the isotonic regression also solves these problems. Problems in inventory theory and statistics are identified as dual isotonic regression problems.
Cloning and heterologous expression of the spectinabilin biosynthetic genecluster from <i>Streptomyces spectabilis</i> (2009)

Spectinabilin is a rare nitrophenyl-substituted polyketide metabolite. Here we report the cloning and heterologous expression of the spectinabilin gene cluster from Streptomyces spectabilis. Unexpectedly, this gene cluster is evolutionarily closer to the aureothin gene cluster than to the spectinabilin gene cluster from Streptomyces orinoci. Moreover, the two nearly identical spectinabilin gene clusters use a distinctly different regulation mechanism.
Somatic Alterations Contributing to Metastasis of a Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2013)

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal disease, and molecular markers that differentiate indolent from aggressive subtypes are needed. We sequenced the exomes of five metastatic tumors and healthy kidney tissue from an index case with mCRPC to identify lesions associated with disease progression and metastasis. An Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) germline founder mutation, del185AG in BRCA1, was observed and AJ ancestry was confirmed. Sixty-two somatic variants altered proteins in tumors, including cancer-associated genes, TMPRSS2-ERG, PBRM1, and TET2. The majority (n = 53) of somatic variants were present in all metastases and only a subset (n = 31) was observed in the primary tumor. Integrating tumor next-generation sequencing and DNA copy number showed somatic loss of BRCA1 and TMPRSS2-ERG. We sequenced 19 genes with deleterious mutations in the index case in additional mCRPC samples and detected a frameshift, two somatic missense alterations, tumor loss of heterozygosity, and combinations of germline missense SNPs in TET2. In summary, genetic analysis of metastases from an index case permitted us to infer a chronology for the clonal spread of disease based on sequential accrual of somatic lesions. The role of TET2 in mCRPC deserves additional analysis and may define a subset of metastatic disease.
Integrating system dynamics and fuzzy logic modelling for construction risk management (2008)

The complex structure of construction project risks arises from their internal and external interactions with their dynamic nature throughout the life cycle of the project. A system dynamics (SD) approach to construction project risk management is presented, including risk analysis and response process. Owing to the imprecise and uncertain nature of risks, fuzzy logic is integrated into system dynamics modelling structure. Risk magnitudes are defined by a fuzzy logic based risk magnitude prediction system. Zadeh's extension principle and interval arithmetic is employed in the SD simulation model to present the system outcomes considering uncertainties in the magnitude of risks resulting from the risk magnitude prediction system. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by employing the method in the risk management plan of a sample project. The impact of a sample risk is quantified and efficiency of different alternative response scenarios is assessed. The proposed approach supports different stages of the risk management process considering both the systemic and uncertain nature of risks.
Power Delivery Networks for Embedded Mobile SoCs: Architectural Advancements and Design Challenges (2021)

Conventional power delivery networks (PDNs) and power management techniques using off-chip power converters with bulky passive components cannot meet the ever-evolving power delivery requirements of high-performance modern system-on-chips (SoCs). In SoCs, heterogeneous components, including multi-core processors and mixed-signals peripheral circuits, require state-of-the-art PDNs to provide high-quality power-on-demand with minimum latency, simultaneously achieving the small-factor, high conversion efficiency, and minimum current consumption. To satisfy these power delivery requirements, various PDNs have been developed over the past decades, such as the conventional architectures using off-chip power converters, architectures using in-package power converters and fully-integrated power converters, and heterogeneous architectures (off-chip power converters and on-chip regulators). This paper reviews these architectural advancements of the PDNs and their advantages and limitations, which leads us to discuss a heterogeneous PDN structure consisting of a highly efficient off-chip switching-mode power converter and multiple highly precise small linear regulators integrated on chip at point-of-load locations. The heterogeneous PDN has been proved one of the most suitable architectures to achieve high-quality fine-grained on-chip power delivery and management in SoCs. This paper also discusses unified voltage and frequency regulators (UVFRs), which support dynamic-variation-aware dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for fine-grained power management in multi-core processors. Based on the UVFR, we propose a modified heterogeneous PDN using frequency-referenced digital low-dropout regulators (FR-DLDOs) for more efficient DVFS, eliminating the need for band-gap circuits to provide reference voltages. As an exemplary implementation of FR-DLDO for this PDN, we present an FR-DLDO with a transient-boost control, which accelerates the transient response. The transient-boost control is activated dynamically only when an abrupt change happens out of the steady state. The implemented FR-DLDO fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process outperforms other FR-DLDOs in the figure-of-merit and peak power efficiency while driving 40 mA of load current.
Keyword search in graphs (2011)

Keyword search over a graph finds a substructure of the graph containing all or some of the input keywords. Most of previous methods in this area find connected minimal trees that cover all the query keywords. Recently, it has been shown that finding subgraphs rather than trees can be more useful and informative for the users. However, the current tree or graph based methods may produce answers in which some content nodes (i.e., nodes that contain input keywords) are not very close to each other. In addition, when searching for answers, these methods may explore the whole graph rather than only the content nodes. This may lead to poor performance in execution time. To address the above problems, we propose the problem of finding r -cliques in graphs. An r -clique is a group of content nodes that cover all the input keywords and the distance between each two nodes is less than or equal to r . An exact algorithm is proposed that finds all r -cliques in the input graph. In addition, an approximation algorithm that produces r -cliques with 2-approximation in polynomial delay is proposed. Extensive performance studies using two large real data sets confirm the efficiency and accuracy of finding r -cliques in graphs.
Applying object oriented programming to developing programs on CTRON interfaces (1991)

One of the objectives of the CTRON interface specifications is to promote software-reutilization for real-time applications by standardizing operating system interfaces. Although this approach does improve reusability by improving portability, means for gaining better composability has to be taken into consideration to achieve more advanced reutilization. Object oriented programming (OOP) which supports encapsulation, polymorphism and inheritance is an appropriate programming paradigm for improving composability of software-modules. The authors describe how they apply OOP to systems based on the CTRON specifications and describe the C++ class libraries they have been designing. They describe how they evaluate the performance, reusability and portability of programs that use the base class libraries. >
Doping studies using thermal beams in chemical-beam epitaxy (1986)

The use of chemical-beam expitaxy instead of chemical vapor deposition allows the incorporation of thermal atomic beams for doping. Dopant profile measurements by a differential capacitance-voltage technique and secondary ion mass spectroscopy technique show that there is no surface segregation with Si dopants in InP at all growth temperatures (&lt;600 °C). On the other hand, Sn and to a lesser extent Be show surface segregation which can be reduced by growing the InP at a lower temperature (&lt;550 °C). From this study, it is seen that Si should be preferred as the n-type dopant in producing InP/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors.
Pregabalin Pharmacology and Its Relevance to Clinical Practice (2004)

Pregabalin is a potent ligand for the alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system that exhibits potent anticonvulsant, analgesic, and anxiolytic activity in a range of animal models. In addition, pregabalin has been shown to be a highly effective adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in clinical trials. Potent binding to the alpha-2-delta site reduces depolarization-induced calcium influx with a consequential modulation in excitatory neurotransmitter release. Pregabalin has no demonstrated effects on GABAergic mechanisms. Pregabalin demonstrates highly predictable and linear pharmacokinetics, a profile that makes it easy to use in clinical practice. Absorption is extensive, rapid, and proportional to dose. Time to maximal plasma concentration is approximately 1 h and steady state is achieved within 24-48 h. These characteristics reflect the observed onset of efficacy as early as day two in clinical trials. High bioavailability, a mean elimination half life (t(1/2)) of 6.3 h, and dose-proportional maximal plasma concentrations and total exposures predict a dose-response relationship in clinical practice and allow an effective starting dose of 150 mg/day in clinical practice without need for titration. Administration with food has no clinically relevant effect on the amount of pregabalin absorbed, providing for a dosing regimen uncomplicated by meals. Pregabalin does not bind to plasma proteins and is excreted virtually unchanged (<2% metabolism) by the kidneys. It is not subject to hepatic metabolism and does not induce or inhibit liver enzymes such as the cytochrome P450 system. Therefore, pregabalin is unlikely to cause, or be subject to, pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions--an expectation that has been confirmed in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. However, dose adjustment may be necessary in patients with renal insufficiency. Thus, the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles of pregabalin provide a predictable basis for its use in clinical practice.
Digestibility of Isomaltooligosaccharides by Rats and Effects on Serum Lipids. (1992)

イソマルトオリゴ糖の栄養学的特性と消化性について,フラクトオリゴ糖,ショ糖およびマルトースとの比較の下に,各糖質20%添加飼料によるラット35日間飼育試験と,消化管内の条件を想定したin vitro消化性試験とにより検討した. (1) ラヅトの便性状,飼料効率および消化器重量の比較から,イソマルトオリゴ糖の消化性は難消化性糖と易消化性糖との間に位置づけられた.さらに,飼育ラットの体重増加量と摂取エネルギー量の比較から,イソマルトオリゴ糖のエネルギー値は,ショ糖およびマルトースのおよそ80%と推定された. (2) イソマルトオリゴ糖は,ラット血清の中性脂肪と遊離脂肪酸を低下させたが,この作用は難消化性のフラクトオリゴ糖に準じるものであった.また,イソマルトオリゴ糖を長期間連続して多量に摂取しても,空腸粘膜のイソマルターゼ活性は誘導されなかった. (3) イソマルトオリゴ糖は,唾液・膵液アミラーゼおよび胃酸では全く分解されなかった.小腸粘膜酵素ではある程度は消化されるものの,消化性は緩慢でイソマルトースのおよそ半分であった. 以上より,イソマルトオリゴ糖は小腸で部分的に消化されるものの,残る未消化部分は大腸に到達すると考えられた.
Synthesis and Cardiotonic Activity of 5-(2-Substituted Thiazol-4-yl)-2-pyridones and Thiazolo[4,5-f]quinolinones (1989)

Syntheses a partir respectivement d'acetylacetone ou de cyclohexane-1,3-dione, par reaction avec le dimethylacetal du DMF, puis le cyanoacetamide, le brome et des thioamides
Synthesis and Optimization of a New Starch-Based Adsorbent for Dehumidification of Air in a Pressure-Swing Dryer (1996)

Corn grits selectively adsorb water from many types of organic vapors and are used commercially to dry 2.8 billion L of fuel-grade fermentation ethanol annually. Evaluation of grits in a pressure-swing dryer at 308 kPa, combined with analyses of their physical properties, showed that the specific surface of the grits (0.5 m2/g) limited steady-state drying of air to a dewpoint of −20 °C. By selectively taking advantage of the best features of the natural material, a new class of natural adsorbents with a higher affinity for water was then synthesized using materials derived from corn: starch and cob flour. The chemical composition of the synthesized adsorbent was determined, as well as specific physical properties. Scanning electron microscopy showed the synthesized adsorbent surface had a large number of macropores (10−25 μm in diameter) unlike corn grits which have limited porosity. This material gave reasonable and reproducible results, similar to those obtained with molecular sieves using a commercially available pressure-swing air dryer. After 70 h of operation at 30 psi, the new adsorbent provided air at a dewpoint of −63 °C. The methods for preparing this material and an explanation of its performance in terms of macroscopic and microscopic structural characteristics are described.
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 Restores intestinal Barrier Integrity by Regulation of E-cadherin Recycling (2017)

These findings open new possibilities of discovering novel options for prevention and therapy of diseases that affect intestinal permeability.
Large electrooptic modulation using ferroelectric thin films in a Fabry-Perot cavity (2002)

We report a reflective thin film ferroelectric light modulator which has exhibited optical phase modulation as large as fifty degrees and on/off signal ratio of twenty for intensity modulation. The large optical modulation was achieved by means of multiple reflection. A ferroelectric (FE) PLZT thin film material, deposited on Pt-coated silicon substrate, was used as the modulating medium. An indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin layer was deposited on the ferroelectric films as the top electrode. A He-Ne laser beam was obliquely incident on the ITO/FE/Pt structure. The light modulation was detected in the laser beam reflected from the thin film structure when a voltage signal was applied to the ITO and Pt electrodes. Unlike transmission-mode modulators, the sandwich of the ferroelectric films between the air-ITO and FE-Pt interfaces exhibited characteristics of a Fabry-Perot etalon. Near a Fabry-Perot peak, drastically enhanced light modulation than transmission devices was obtained. Design principles and the performance of the modulator are discussed.