gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inspecting specular lobe objects using four light sources (2003)

The authors propose a noncontact method of measuring surface shape and surface roughness. The method uses four lights which sequentially illuminate the object under inspection, and a video camera for taking images of the object. Conceptually, the problem has three parts: shape extraction, pixel segmentation, and roughness extraction. The shape information is produced directly by three-light and four-light photometric stereo methods. After shape information is obtained, statistical segmentation techniques can be applied to determine which pixels are specular and which are nonspecular. Then, the specular pixels and shape information, and a simplified Torrance-Sparrow reflectance model can be used to determine the surface roughness. The method has successfully been applied to a number of synthetic and real objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding food structure and function in developing food for appetite control (2008)

Abstract There is an emerging interest in the impact of food structure on digestion behaviour and its relationship to human nutrition. The interactions between individual macronutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrate) in many cases control the rate of digestive processes such as proteolysis and lipolysis. Macronutrient interactions can also control the material properties of ingested foods which can influence post‐prandial metabolic responses. This review summarises the current research into how the structure of individual macronutrients impacts digestion and how this relates to appetite.
Relationship between optic nerve head microcirculation and visual field loss in glaucoma (2003)

These results suggested that the change in the circulation of the optic nerve head may be related to visual field damage in the NTG group but may be less involved in visual field damage in the POAG group.
Inventory-Based Resource Management in Cloud Computing (2011)

As a new application model, cloud computing enables users to distribute virtual resource in cloud data center as demand. However, the performance declines as the increase of users. This paper focuses on the network and I/O performance decline due to the virtual machine image and virtual disk image densely deployment in Cloud computing management platform. The method and model for rapid deployment and resource share are proposed on basis of shared storage and inventory theory which is widely used in commodity market. Experiment shows the method can effectively alleviate the performance decline caused by users' dense image requests in cloud computing management platform.
IL-6 and IL-10 as predictors of disease severity in COVID-19 patients: results from meta-analysis and regression (2020)

Abstract Aims SARS-CoV-2, an infectious agent behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, induces high levels of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ etc in infected individuals which contribute towards the underlying disease patho-physiology. Nonetheless, exact association and contribution of every cytokine towards COVID-19 pathology remains poorly understood. Delineation of the role of the cytokines during COVID-19 holds the key of efficient patient management in clinics. This study performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to establish association between induced cytokines and COVID-19 disease severity to help in prognosis and clinical care. Main methods Scientific literature was searched to identify 13 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ) from 18 clinical studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) for selected 6 cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patient groups were summarized using random effects model. A classifier was built using logistic regression model with cytokines having significant SMD as covariates. Key findings Out of 13 cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10 showed statistically significant SMD across the studies synthesized. Classifier with mean values of both IL-6 and IL-10 as covariates performed well with accuracy of ~ 92% that was significantly higher than accuracy reported in literature with IL-6 and IL-10 as individual covariates. Significance Simple panel proposed by us with only two cytokine markers can be used as predictors for fast diagnosis of patients with higher risk of COVID-19 disease deterioration and thus can be managed well for a favourable prognosis.
Transparent conductive sol-gel thin films for photonic applications (1999)

Antimony doped tin dioxide (SnO<SUB>2</SUB>:Sb) thin films are fabricated by a new simplified sol-gel process. Films are prepared from an alcoholic solution of SnCl<SUB>4</SUB>(DOT)4H<SUB>2</SUB>O doped with SbCl<SUB>3</SUB>. Films are deposited by the spin coating process on sodalime glass, borosilicate glass, silicon wafers and ceramic alumina substrates. The chemical reactions during the heat treatment are monitored by DSC and TG. The chemical composition of the coatings are determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sheet resistance, R<SUB>s</SUB>, is measured using a linear four-probe technique. Optical properties of the films are also determined. The resistivity of the thin films are presented as a function of the antimony doping level. The smallest sheet resistance of 200 (Omega) /$DAL is found for a 250 nm thick coating on a borosilicate substrate. It is observed that the sheet resistance does not decrease linearly with increasing film thickness. Fabrication possibilities of these materials for the integrated optics based sensors including patterning methods are discussed.
Overlapping computation and communication in SMT clusters with commodity interconnects (2009)

In this paper we focus on optimizing the performance in a cluster of Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) processors connected with a commodity interconnect (e.g. Gbit Ethernet), by applying overlapping of computation with communication. As a test case we consider the parallelized advection equation and discuss the steps that need to be followed to semantically allow overlapping to occur. We propose an implementation based on the concept of Helper Threading that distributes computation and communication in the two sibling threads of an SMT processor, thus creating an asymmetric pair of execution patterns in each hardware context. Our experimental results in an 8-node cluster interconnected with commodity Gbit Ethernet demonstrate that the proposed implementation is able to achieve substantial performance improvements that can exceed 20% in some cases, by efficiently utilizing the available resources of the SMT processors.
GNSS Time Synchronization in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks: Benefits and Feasibility (2018)

Time synchronization is critical for the operation of distributed systems in networked environments. It is also demanded in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), which, as a special type of wireless networks, are becoming increasingly important for emerging cooperative intelligent transport systems. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is a proven technology to provide precise timing information in many distributed systems. It is well recognized to be the primary means for vehicle positioning and velocity determination in VANETs. However, GNSS-based time synchronization is not well understood for its role in the coordination of various tasks in VANETs. To address this issue, this paper examines the requirements, potential benefits, and feasibility of GNSS time synchronization in VANETs. The availability of GNSS time synchronization is characterized by almost 100% in our experiments in high-rise urban streets, where the availability of GNSS positioning solutions is only 80%. Experiments are also conducted to test the accuracy of time synchronization with 1-PPS signals output from consumer-grade GNSS receivers. They have shown 30-ns synchronization accuracy between two receivers of different models. All these experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of GNSS time synchronization for stringent VANET applications.
Robust Face Recognition Using Block-Based Bag of Words (2010)

A novel block-based bag of words (BBoW)???method is proposed for robust face recognition. In our approach, a face image is partitioned into multiple blocks, dense SIFT features are then calculated and vector quantized into different codewords on each block respectively. Finally, histograms of codeword distribution on each local block are concatenated to represent the face image. Experimental results on AR database show that only using one neutral expression frame per person for training, our method can obtain excellent face recognition results on face images with extreme expressions, variant illumination, and partial occlusions. Our method also achieves an average recognition rate of 100% on XM2VTS database.
Reverse Osmosis for Surface Ship Desalination — An Overview (1991)

ABSTRACT A nominal 9000 gal/day RO desalination plant, designed by the David Taylor Research Center and subsequently fabricated and installed aboard USS Fletcher (DD‐992), successfully completed a 1750 hour technical evaluation (TECHEVAL) and a subsequent 2210 hour operational evaluation (OPEVAL) aboard that ship. During both test periods, the plant exceeded all of its operational thresholds producing potable water at an average rate of over 11,000 gal/day and never failing to make the rated capacity. The plant performance and the operational experience aboard USS Fletcher are discussed as well as an overview of the overall design process including lessons learned and a comparison of RO with competing distillation processes.
Concatenated codes using coded modulation with a phase shift (2012)

A new coded modulation with a phase shift is proposed. The parity bits decide how to shift the signal constellation point of information bits in the transmitter. In the receiver, the phase shift detector estimates how much the constellation points are shifted and then recovers the parity bit. Based on the recovered parity bit, soft input soft output decoding is carried out. The asymptotic coding gains of the proposed scheme using the (9,8) single parity check code are 3 dB and 0.7 dB when compared with the uncoded BPSK and QPSK, respectively. It is shown with simulations that the proposed scheme using the (9,8) single parity check code has at bit error rate 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−5</sup> about 2 dB gain compared with uncoded transmission and 0.5 dB gain compared with the (9,8) conventional single parity check code. In addition, concatenated codes are designed using the proposed coded modulation as the inner code. The concatenated code using the (255,247) Reed-Solomon code as the outer code and the proposed coded modulation as the inner code is designed as an example. It is shown that it has about 2 dB gain at bit error rate 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−5</sup> when compared with the conventional (255,247) Reed-Solomon code.
SIMULATION-BASED SCHEDULING FOR A HOT PRESS FORGING FACTORY USING DATA-DRIVEN MODELS (2019)

We use a genetic algorithm (GA) to search for an optimal production schedule for a hot press forging factory. Our GAevaluates each candidate schedule by simulating its execution using cost models of all the equipment involved in the
A full-text retrieval approach to content-based audio identification (2004)

We give an overview on a novel framework for content-based multimedia retrieval. In this paper, we present an implementation for audio identification. This framework consists of an index-based search combining algebraic methods with classical full-text retrieval. In the main part of the paper, we propose several feature extractors which may be used for indexing the PCM audio data. We give an overview on our test results containing performance data (e.g. query response times), memory requirements (e.g., index size), and robustness issues. The size of our index turns out to be only a 1/1000th to about 1/15000th of the original PCM material depending on the required granularity for identifying a piece of audio.
Bridging the gap between AMR, GMR, and Hall magnetic sensors (2003)

By integrating a magnetic flux concentrator (IMC) at the surface of a Hall magnetic sensor, we can dramatically improve its characteristics. Here we compare the performance of a new IMC Hall sensor ASIC with the performance of traditional magnetic field sensors, such as AMR, GMR, and conventional Hall sensor ASICs. We find that the detectivities of AMRs and GMRs for AC magnetic fields are much better than those of Hall ASICs; for low-frequency fields, the performance gap is smaller; but for DC fields, the resolution of the IMC Hall ASIC is much better than that of GMRs and approaches the resolution of a nonswitched AMR. Also according other parameters, the IMC Hall ASIC is positioned in the gap between AMRs, GMRs, and the conventional Hall ASIC magnetic field sensors.
Rules Governing Perception of Multiple Phosphenes by Human Observers (2018)

Abstract Stimulation of single sites in primary visual cortex results in the perception of a small flash of light known as a phosphene. Little is known about how phosphenes from multiple electrodes can be combined to form perception of coherent patterns. Here we examine the percepts reported by human observers as various spatial configurations of 2 to 5 electrodes in visual cortex were stimulated simultaneously. When two electrodes were stimulated simultaneously, subjects reliably perceived either one or two phosphenes depending on the physical distance separating the electrodes. In cases where two phosphenes were perceived, they were located in the same visual field location as when the two electrodes were stimulated separately. Adding a third electrode produced similar results. In several subjects, we obtained combination of 4 to 5 electrodes that generated individual phosphenes when stimulated concurrently. Subjects were able to reliably discriminate between different multiple electrode stimulation patterns that were presented in random order. These results demonstrate that simple pattern information can be conveyed to subjects with surface electrodes spaced at millimeters apart on the cortex.
Extraction of egg‐yolk lecithin (2005)

Abstract In this research, the extraction of egg‐yolk lecithin with ethanol was studied. Extraction was performed with deoiled and undeoiled yolks and with heated and unheated yolks. The yield of the extracted fraction relative to the initial material, phospholipid (PL) purity, and cholesterol content of both the PC‐enriched fractions and the remaining PL fractions were determined. The yield and PL purity of the PC‐enriched fractions obtained from the undeoiled yolks were 23.9 and 35.7%, and those obtained from deoiled yolks were 13.5 and 53.3%. The recovery of total PL in the two fractions was higher from the undeoiled (70%) than from the deoiled yolks (60%). However, heating had a negligible effect on PL extraction. Better enrichment of PC was observed by extraction from the undeoiled than from the deoiled yolks. The cholesterol content of the PC‐enriched fraction obtained from the undeoiled yolks was much higher than that from the deoiled yolks.
A Novel Synthetic Method of Pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles and Its Application to the Synthesis of (±)-Debromoflustramine B (1997)

I-Methoxy-3-(2-nitrovinyl)indole (4) functions as an electrophile and reacted with various nucleophiles regioselectively at the 2-position.Employing allyl alkoxides as nucleophiles, a novel synthetic method of pyrrolo[2,3-blindoles has been elaborated.Utilizing the method, the synthesis of ti)-debromoflustramine B (1 Db) was achieved.Nucleophilic substitution reactions are rarely observed in the indole ~h e m i s t r ~P -~ ln our continuing project1 b*3,5 for developing our own reaction suitable for indole alkaloids syntheses, we have disclosed as shown in Scheme 1 that 1-me~hox~indole-3-carbaldehyde6 (1 ) undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions3 giving 2-substituted indole-3-carbaldehydes7 (2) in sharp contrast with indole-3-carbaldehyde (3) which does not give 2 even under forcing reaction conditions.We now wish toreport that l-methoxy-3-(2-nitrovinyl)indole6a (4) can also react with nucleophiles regioselectively at the 2-position.Employing the reaction to allyl alkoxides as nucleophiles, a novel synthetic method of pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles8~g has been elaborated and successfully applied for the synthesis of (i)-debromoflustramine ~l O ( 1 0 b ) .Scheme 1 qCHO Nucleophiles Nucleophlles * -------x--------QCHO OMe H 2 under forcing reaction conditions H 3 ONucleophlles (MeOH.EtOH, HOCH2CH20H, etc.); KNucleophlles (HNMe2.Pyrrole.Pyrrolidine.etc.); GNucleophlles (MeCOMe.CH2=CH-CH2SiMe3, Me2C=CHCH2SiMe3.MeCO-heteroaromatics. etc.) The compound (4) wasobtained in 91% yield by reacting 1 with nitromethane (Scheme 2).When4 was treated with either NaOMe in MeOH or NaOPr in PrOH, 5a and 5 b were obtained in 85 and 45% yields, respectively.Interestingly, the reaction of 4 with sodium ally1 alkoxide in Nmethylformamide (MFA) or N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF) afforded 5 c This paper is dedicated to 25th Anniversary of HETEROCYCLES.
Hot-electron effects in Silicon-on-insulator n-channel MOSFET's (1987)

Hot-electron degradation has been measured in short-channel bulk and SOI MOSFET's. The presence of a floating substrate in the SOI devices appears to increase the drain-saturation voltage and, therefore, to reduce the drain electric field. This effect is even further enhanced when thin fully depleted films are considered. Electrical stress measurements and device modeling suggest that hot-electron degradation should be smaller in SOI MOSFET's than in their bulk counterparts.
RATING/ROUTING SOFTWARE: MAKE SPECIAL DELIVERIES ROUTINE (1996)

SUBTITLE: MEETING CUSTOMERS' NEEDS IS A TEAM EFFORT: RATING AND ROUTING SHOULD BE PART OF YOUR INTEGRATED APPROACH TO LOGISTICS EXCELLENCE.
Transgenic overexpression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> ATPase improves reticular Ca <sup>2+</sup> handling in normal and diabetic rat hearts (2002)

Slowed relaxation in diabetic cardiomyopathy (CM) is partially related to diminished expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase SERCA2a. To evaluate the impact of SERCA2a overexpression on SR Ca2+ handling in diabetic CM, we 1) generated transgenic rats harboring a human cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken beta-actin promotor-controlled rat SERCA2 transgene (SERCA2-TGR), 2) characterized their SR phenotype, and 3) examined whether transgene expression may rescue SR Ca2+ transport in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The transgene was expressed in all heart chambers. Compared to wild-type (WT) rats, a heterozygous line exhibited increased SERCA2 mRNA (1.5-fold), SERCA2 protein (+26%) and SR Ca2+ uptake (+37%). Phospholamban expression was not altered. In SERCA2-TGR, contraction amplitude (+48%) and rates of contraction (+34%) and relaxation (+35%) of isolated papillary muscles (PM) were increased (P2+ uptake and SERCA2 protein of SERCA2-TGR were 1.3-fold higher (P2+ uptake, accelerates relaxation and compensates, in part, for depressed Ca2+ uptake in diabetic CM. Therefore, SERCA2 expression might constitute an important therapeutic target to rescue cardiac SR Ca2+ handling in diabetes.
Fidelity of Translesional Synthesis past Benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene Diol Epoxide−2‘-Deoxyguanosine DNA Adducts:  Marked Effects of Host Cell, Sequence Context, and Chirality (1996)

We have used a site-specific approach to investigate the mutagenic potential of (+)- and (-)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) DNA adducts. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (5'TCCTCCTG1G2-CCTCTC), modified at the exocyclic amino groups of G1 or G2, were incorporated into a single-stranded shuttle vector and introduced into Escherichia coli or simian kidney (COS) cells. This experimental system permits translesional synthesis to proceed in the absence of DNA repair. The presence of (+)- or (-)-BPDE-N2-dG adducts strongly inhibited translesional synthesis in E. coli; induction of cellular SOS functions reduced this blocking effect. Vectors containing (+)-BPDE adducts at G1 or G2 generated mutation frequencies of 19% and 3%, respectively; these values were not altered significantly by induction of SOS functions. In COS cells, (+)-BPDE-modified vectors generated mutation frequencies of 13% at G1 and 45% at G2. In E. coli, the (-)-BPDE adduct generated mutation frequencies of < or = 2% at G1 and G2 and, in COS cells, 13% at G1 and 21% at G2. The predominant mutations in E. coli and COS cells were G-->T transversions targeted to the site of the lesion; however, when G2 was modified, a significant number of targeted G-->A and G-->C mutations were observed in COS cells. We conclude from this study that (+)-and (-)-BPDE-N2-dG adducts pair preferentially to dCMP and dAMP during translesional synthesis in a process that is strongly influenced by the stereochemistry of the adduct, by the bases flanking the lesion, and by host cell factors.
The <i>rel</i> Gene Is Essential for In Vitro Growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2000)

The stringent response in Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by the nucleotide guanosine pentaphosphate, whose synthesis is catalyzed by the product of the rel gene. We report here that the rel gene is essential for the in vitro growth of S. aureus, distinguishing it from all other bacteria tested for this requirement.
A Practical Synthesis of Optically Active (<i>R</i>)-2-Propyloctanoic Acid: Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease (2000)

Abstract (R)-2-Propyloctanoic acid has been developed as a novel therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. A large-scale synthesis of this candidate was achieved by using Oppolzer's camphorsultam as a chiral auxiliary under improved conditions. It was essential for the successful synthesis of this compound to utilize a new removal method for the chiral source with a combination of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The present process afforded the desired product in high yield with high optical purity.
Markerless augmented reality with a real-time affine region tracker (2002)

We present a system for planar augmented reality based on a new real-time affine region tracker. Instead of tracking fiducial points, we track planar local image patches, and bring these into complete correspondence, so a virtual texture can directly be added to them. Moreover, the local image patches can be extracted in an invariant way, even without any a priori information from previous frames. Hence, it is possible to use them as natural beacons, that can be used to recognize the scene and to identify the individual patches. This results in a powerful system that can work without artificial markers or fiducial points and with a minimal amount of user interference.