gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Alkene Functionalization via Nucleopalladation: Stereochemical Pathways and Enantioselective Catalytic Applications (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewPalladium(II)-Catalyzed Alkene Functionalization via Nucleopalladation: Stereochemical Pathways and Enantioselective Catalytic ApplicationsRichard I. McDonald, Guosheng Liu†, and Shannon S. Stahl*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 4, 2981–3019Publication Date (Web):March 23, 2011Publication History Received1 November 2010Published online23 March 2011Published inissue 13 April 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100371yCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views25023Altmetric-Citations1029LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (7 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Palladium Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Recognition of Physical Activities and Their Intensities Using Wireless Accelerometers and a Heart Rate Monitor (2007)

In this paper, we present a real-time algorithm for automatic recognition of not only physical activities, but also, in some cases, their intensities, using five triaxial wireless accelerometers and a wireless heart rate monitor. The algorithm has been evaluated using datasets consisting of 30 physical gymnasium activities collected from a total of 21 people at two different labs. On these activities, we have obtained a recognition accuracy performance of 94.6% using subject-dependent training and 56.3% using subject-independent training. The addition of heart rate data improves subject-dependent recognition accuracy only by 1.2% and subject-independent recognition only by 2.1%. When recognizing activity type without differentiating intensity levels, we obtain a subject-independent performance of 80.6%. We discuss why heart rate data has such little discriminatory power.
Effect of Reducing Interns' Weekly Work Hours on Sleep and Attentional Failures (2004)

Eliminating interns' extended work shifts in an intensive care unit significantly increased sleep and decreased attentional failures during night work hours.
Synthesis and characterisation of some organo(imino-oxy)silanes (1972)

A. Singh, A. K. Rai and R. C. Mehrotra, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1972, 1911 DOI: 10.1039/DT9720001911
Free-Form Solid Modeling with Trimmed Surface Patches (1987)

Solid modelers store a more complete representation than wireframe or surtace modelers. This completeness permits the automation of such tasks as interference analysis, mass property calculation, and finite element mesh generation. But the denser information content and complex algorithms needed to perform these tasks complicate the support of free-form geometry, especially Boolean operations. Consequently, the high degree of geometric coverage traditionally found in surface modeling systems has not, for the most part, been equaled in modern solid modelers. This article explores some of the difficulties encountered in Boolean combinations of free-from solids and presents a geometric representation designed to circumvent them.
Color Management: Principles and solutions (1999)

The term color management designs an ensemble of algorithms that provides a framework in which color information can be processed consistently throughout a digital imaging system. This is most commonly achieved through the use of special software packages, known as Color Management System (CMS) software. The purpose of this article is to present some of the scientific principles of color management, to evangelize its importance whenever a computer is used for the acquisition, visualization, or reproduction of color images, and to present some of the original color management algorithms and solutions I have developed during my Ph.D. studies [1].
A high-performance monostable multivibrator (1974)

Describes the design of a high-performance monostable multivibrator. The effects of given parameters on pulse width stability are studied, and sources of instability are analyzed. The statistics of the pulsewidth stability are also determined by measuring actual devices.
High-Speed Mid-Infrared Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy Based on Quantum Cascade Laser (2016)

We demonstrated a high-speed mid-infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy scheme based on a distributed-feedback quantum Cascade laser for the application in trace gas sensing by means of all-optical frequency modulation. With this method, the modulation frequency spectrum of a gas sample can be obtained within the mid-infrared pulse duration of ~200 ns. A frequency modulation of the middle infrared lasing optical frequency was achieved in quantum Cascade laser with a modulation frequency of 200 MHz by illuminating with a 1550-nm near-infrared laser. For CO gas, with 2-mW near-infrared illumination, the noise-equivalent sensitivity of the frequency modulation spectroscopy was estimated to be 0.12 ppmv for an absorption length of 6.1 m, indicating an improvement by a factor of 7 compared with Voigt-fitted direct absorption spectroscopy (0.84 ppmv). The frequency modulation signal was found to be proportional to the incident near-infrared power, and therefore, the noise-equivalent sensitivity is expected to be further improved by increasing the near-infrared illumination power. This high-speed frequency modulation spectroscopy based on the distributed-feedback quantum Cascade laser has promising applications in high-speed and high-sensitivity gas sensing.
Surface Engineered Polymeric Biomaterials with Improved Biocontact Properties (2010)

We present many examples of surface engineered polymeric biomaterials with nanosize modified layers, controlled protein adsorption, and cellular interactions potentially applicable for tissue and/or blood contacting devices, scaffolds for cell culture and tissue engineering, biosensors, biological microchips as well as approaches to their preparation.
A bi-domain model for describing ischemic myocardial d-c potentials. (1978)

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
The role of setback layers on the breakdown characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs/GaN HBTs (2008)

Abstract Breakdown voltages (V CBO ) of AlGaAs/GaAs/GaAs and AlGaAs/GaAs/GaAs‐setback/GaN HBTs have been compared both theoretically and experimentally with respect to setback layer thicknesses and the doping type. V CBO was calculated using a non‐local energy model. The hard breakdown voltage was measured on as‐grown GaAs homojunctions and AlGaAs/GaAs/GaN HBTs formed by direct wafer fusion. The calculation showed an increase of V CBO from ∼ 20 V to ∼ 325 V by replacing the GaAs collector with GaN, and V CBO ∼90 V was indeed measured. The smaller than predicted V CBO is attributed to the large leakage current currently present in the fused junctions. Insertion of a lightly doped GaAs setback layer has resulted in improved current gain of the fused HBTs, but it also degrades the breakdown characteristics. 20‐30 nm setback layers were found to maintain V CBO significantly higher than that of GaAs homojunctions and likely reasonable current gains. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Massively distributed authorship of academic papers (2012)

Wiki-like or crowdsourcing models of collaboration can provide a number of benefits to academic work. These techniques may engage expertise from different disciplines, and potentially increase productivity. This paper presents a model of massively distributed collaborative authorship of academic papers. This model, developed by a collective of thirty authors, identifies key tools and techniques that would be necessary or useful to the writing process. The process of collaboratively writing this paper was used to discover, negotiate, and document issues in massively authored scholarship. Our work provides the first extensive discussion of the experiential aspects of large-scale collaborative research.
Characterization of Ether Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Cells (1982)

and several diethyl ether electrolytes have been characterized for their usefulness in rechargeable cells. This characterization has involved extended room temperature cell cycling at various depths of discharge, evaluation of rate/capacity behavior of cells at 25° and −10°C, and storage of cells at 50°C for up to one month with subsequent cycling. The thermal stability of the electrolytes at 71°C was evaluated by storage experiments in sealed tubes, followed by product analysis. The performance of cells far surpassed the others. The present data further substantiate previous reports from this laboratory of the superior behavior of solutions in rechargeable Li cells. The electrolytes are too unstable thermally to be of practical use.
Potential European climatological satellite missions - SEOCS and BIRAMIS (1979)

Abstract In this paper the study results of two possible space missions aimed at the determination of the Earth's Radiation Budget are described. They involve two different approaches: the first (SEOCS) makes use of radiometric techniques and the second (BIRAMIS) relies on a highly sensitive triaxial micro-accelerometer. A description of the two approaches, together with their respective merits and performances, is given in the paper.
Function of the Tympanic Membrane (1970)

Vibrational holography was performed on tympanic membranes (TM) in human temporal bones obtained immediately after death. Displacement patterns at the first mode (and also at higher modes) were essentially the same as those found in cats (Khanna et al., 1969). Findings in both species can best be reconciled with the catenary concept of Helmholtz (1868). Owing to the curvature of the TM's surface, a force transformation is brought about between the membrane (larger displacement/lesser force) and the malleus (lesser displacement/larger force). Point-by-point comparisons of displacement amplitudes along the manubrium with those in adjacent regions of the posterior quadrant suggested that forces exerted upon the manubrium decrease with distance from the ossicular rotational axis so that FORCE×FORCE ARM≅CONSTANT. The amplitude differences between TM quadrants (Khanna et al., 1969) are explained by the fact that the manubrium and the ossicular rotational axis form an acute angle, open anteriorly (Bárány, 1938). Thus, the manubrium appear to rotate around two axes. With frequency, the efficiency of the system varied in a manner resembling the middle-ear impedance curve. [Supported by NIH grants.]
Site-Activated Multifunctional Chelator with Acetylcholinesterase and Neuroprotective−Neurorestorative Moieties for Alzheimer’s Therapy (2009)

A novel strategy to develop site-activated multifunctional chelators for targeting multiple etiologies of Alzheimer's disease is reported. The novel prochelator HLA20A with improved cytotoxicity shows little affinity for metal ions until it is activated by binding and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), releasing an active chelator HLA20 that modulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulation and beta-amyloid (Abeta) reduction, suppresses oxidative stress, and passivates excess metal ions (Fe, Cu, and Zn) in the brain.
Optimization of supercontinuum generation in air–silica nanowires (2010)

An effective hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing air–silica nanowires, the incident pulse, and supercontinuum (SC) generation, is proposed in this paper. Based on the proposed algorithm, the dispersion and nonlinearity of air–silica nanowires, as well as the duration and chirp of incident pulses, are optimized to achieve SC generation with a broader, smoother, and more intense spectrum. It is found that the optimized spectrum becomes smoother from 740 to 1500  nm and is broadened by 300  nm. Meanwhile, the spectral intensity in the range of 450–945  nm is significantly increased by a factor of 10.
Restenosis after placement of Palmaz-Schatz stents in native coronary arteries. Initial results of a multicenter experience. (1992)

Although multiple stents appear to yield a poor long-term result, placement of single stents may offer a benefit compared with standard coronary angioplasty, particularly if an excellent angiographic result can be obtained in patients without prior restenosis. Further randomized trials in such patients are needed.
Deleted in breast cancer-1 (DBC-1) in the interface between metabolism, aging and cancer (2013)

DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer-1) is a nuclear protein that regulates cellular metabolism. Since alteration in cellular metabolism have been proposed to be the emerging 'hallmark' of cancer, it is possible that DBC1 may be implicated in the regulation of cancer cell energy metabolism. However, at this point any role of DBC1 in cancer is only speculative. In this review, we will discuss the new developments in DBC1 research, its molecular structure, regulatory roles and implication in metabolism, aging and cancer.
An Automatic Algorithm for Object Recognition and Detection Based on ASIFT Keypoints (2012)

Object recognition is an important task in image processing and computer vision. This paper presents a perfect method for object recognition with full boundary detection by combining affine scale invariant feature transform (ASIFT) and a region merging algorithm. ASIFT is a fully affine invariant algorithm that means features are invariant to six affine parameters namely translation (2 parameters), zoom, rotation and two camera axis orientations. The features are very reliable and give us strong keypoints that can be used for matching between different images of an object. We trained an object in several images with different aspects for finding best keypoints of it. Then, a robust region merging algorithm is used to recognize and detect the object with full boundary in the other images based on ASIFT keypoints and a similarity measure for merging regions in the image. Experimental results show that the presented method is very efficient and powerful to recognize the object and detect it with high accuracy.
1.2‐Wanderungen zum Atom mit freiem Elektronenpaar, XI<sup>1)</sup> Hinweise auf eine [1s,4s]‐sigmatrope Verschiebung bei der Umlagerung von 2‐Alkoxy‐pyridin‐<i>N</i>‐oxiden zu <i>N</i>‐Alkoxy‐2‐pyridonen<sup>2)</sup> (1973)

Abstract Mechanistische Studien zur Umlagerung von 2‐Alkoxy‐pyridin‐ N ‐oxiden ( 9 ) zu N ‐Alkoxy‐2‐pyridonen ( 10 ) ergaben folgende Resultate: 1) Die Umlagerung vollzieht sich mit Retention am wandernden Kohlenstoffatom. 2) Sie ist 1. Ordnung, und bei Benzyl als wanderndem Rest beträgt das Hammett‐ρ nur ca. –0.3. 3) Der Geschwindigkeitsunterschied zwischen der Wanderung der Benzyl‐ und der der gewöhnlichen Alkyl‐Gruppen ist relativ gering (vgl. Tabelle 2) wobei zunehmende Konjugation im wandernden Rest die Wanderungsbereitschaft erhöht. 4) Δ S ist auffallend stark negativ (–40 bis –50 E. E.), Δ H ungewöhnlich klein (5–14 kcal/Mol; vgl. Tabelle 2). 5) Δ H und Δ S für Benzhydryl unterscheiden sich auffallend von denen der anderen Reste (vgl. Tabelle 2). 6) Das Produkt der Benzhydryl‐Wanderung zeigt CIDNP. – Die Befunde machen wahrscheinlich, daß sich die Umlagerung in den meisten Fällen als [1s, 4s]‐sigmatrope Verschiebung gemäß 6 π 8 vollzieht. Gruppen, von denen sich stabile Radikale ableiten, wie z. B. Benzhydryl, oder bei denen die sigmatrope Verschiebung sterisch ungünstig ist, wie z. B. bei Adamantyl, wandern nach einem radikalischen Spaltungs‐Rekombinations‐Mechanismus.
Immunological evaluation of peptide vaccination for cancer patients with the <scp>HLA</scp>‐A26 allele (2015)

The HLA-A11 or -A33 allele is found in approximately 18% or 10% of the Asian population, respectively, but each of which is a minor allele worldwide, and therefore no clinical trials were previously conducted. To develop a therapeutic peptide vaccine for each of them, we investigated immunological responses of advanced cancer patients with the HLA-A11<sup>+</sup> /A11<sup>+</sup> (n = 18) or -A33<sup>+</sup> /A33<sup>+</sup> (n = 13) allele to personalized peptide vaccine (PPV) regimens. The primary sites of HLA-A11+/A11+ or -A33+/A33+ patients were the colon (n = 4 or 2), stomach (2 or 3), breast (3 or 2), lung and pancreas (2 or 2), and so on. For PPV, a maximum of four peptides were selected from nine different peptides capable of binding to HLA-A11 and -A33 molecules based on the pre-existing peptide-specific IgG responses. There were no severe adverse events related to PPV. At the end of the first cycle, peptide-specific CTL responses were augmented in 4/12 or 2/9 of HLA-A11<sup>+</sup> /A11<sup>+</sup> or -A33<sup>+</sup> /A33<sup>+</sup> patients, while peptide-specific IgG responses were augmented in 6/14 or 4/10 patients, respectively. Clinical responses consisted of four stable diseases and 14 progressive diseases in HLA-A11<sup>+</sup> /A11<sup>+</sup> patients, versus seven and six in -A33<sup>+</sup> /A33<sup>+</sup> patients, respectively. Further clinical study of PPV could be recommended because of the safety and positive immunological responses.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) gp41 Escape Mutants: Cross-Resistance to Peptide Inhibitors of HIV Fusion and Altered Receptor Activation of gp120 (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells by fusing with cellular membranes. Fusion occurs when the envelope glycoprotein (Env) undergoes conformational changes while binding to cellular receptors. Fusogenic changes involve assembly of two heptad repeats in the ectodomain of the gp41 transmembrane subunit to form a six-helix bundle (6HB), consisting of a trimeric N heptad repeat (N-HR) coiled-coil core with three antiparallel C heptad repeats (C-HRs) that pack in the coiled-coil grooves. Peptides corresponding to the N-and C-HRs (N and C peptides, respectively) interfere with formation of the 6HB in a dominant-negative manner and are emerging as a new class of antiretroviral therapeutics for treating HIV infection. We generated an escape mutant virus with resistance to an N peptide and show that early resistance involved two mutations, one each in the N- and C-HRs. The mutations conferred resistance not only to the selecting N peptide but also to C peptides, as well as other types of N-peptide inhibitors. Moreover, the N-HR mutation altered sensitivity to soluble CD4. Biophysical studies suggest that the 6HB with the resistance mutations is more stable than the wild-type 6HB and the 6HB formed by inhibitor binding to either wild-type or mutant C-HR. These findings provide new insights into potential mechanisms of resistance to HIV peptide fusion inhibitors and dominant-negative inhibitors in general. The results are discussed in the context of current models of Env-mediated membrane fusion.
A dual salicide process scalable to sub-0.25-μm CMOS technologies (2002)

A novel salicide process is presented which allows for independent silicidation of source/drain areas and polysilicon gates, thus making it possible to achieve ultra-shallow junction formation with very low gate sheet resistance (R/sub s/) for sub-0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS device fabrication. Titanium was used to demonstrate this process in a 0.25 /spl mu/m technology, yielding fully functional transistors with gate R/sub s/<2 /spl Omega//sq.
結果的 加重犯의 未遂-그 認定與否와 類型을 中心으로- (2003)

Die vorliegende Arbeit wird sich mit der Untersuchung uber den
Versuch der Erfolgsqualifizierten Delikte befassen.
Der Versuch der...
Acquired resistance to anti-PD1 therapy: checkmate to checkpoint blockade? (2016)

Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1) immunotherapies are among the most effective anti-cancer immunotherapies available; however, a large number of patients present with or develop resistance to them. Unfortunately, very little is known regarding the mechanisms of resistance to such therapies. A recent study sought to identify mutations associated with resistance to anti-PD1 therapy. Results from this study demonstrated that mutations which affected the sensitivity of tumor cells to T-cell-derived interferons, and mutations limiting tumor-cell antigen presentation, could cause acquired resistance. These findings have significant implications for understanding the mechanisms by which anti-PD1 therapies exert their efficacy, comprehending why and how some patients acquire resistance over time, and ultimately guiding the development of combination therapies designed to overcome, or potentially prevent, the development of acquired immunotherapeutic resistance.
Herpes simplex virus transactivator ICP4 operationally substitutes for the cellular transcription factor Sp1 for efficient expression of the viral thymidine kinase gene (1991)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP4 protein is a transcriptional activator of many eucaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters. The HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter is induced by ICP4 and contains binding sites for the cellular transcription factors TFIID, Sp1, and CCAAT-binding proteins, each of which affects expression of the tk gene. In this study, the effects of mutations in these sites on the transcription of tk in the presence and absence of ICP4 were determined during viral infection. Only the TATA box was necessary for efficient expression in the presence of ICP4; however, ICP4 apparently can still induce tk transcription even when the TATA box is disrupted. Alteration of the Sp1 sites had a minor effect on ICP4-induced expression in comparison to a large effect in the absence of ICP4, indicating that ICP4 can operationally substitute for the function of the transcription factor Sp1. In addition, tk was still expressed with the kinetics of an early gene in the absence of binding sites for Sp1 and CCAAT-binding proteins.
The N Terminus of Antizyme Promotes Degradation of Heterologous Proteins (1996)

Regulated degradation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is mediated by its association with the inducible protein antizyme. The N terminus of antizyme (NAZ), although unneeded for the interaction with ODC, must be present to induce degradation. We report here that covalently grafting NAZ to ODC confers lability that normally results from the non-covalent association of native antizyme and ODC. To determine whether NAZ could act similarly as a modular functional domain when grafted to other proteins, we fused it to a region of cyclin B (amino acids 13-90) capable of undergoing degradation or to cyclin B (amino acids 13-59), which is not subject to degradation. The association with NAZ made both NAZ-cyclin B13-90 and NAZ-cyclin B13-59 unstable. Furthermore, NAZ and cyclin B 13-59 were together able to induce in vitro degradation of Trypanosoma brucei ODC, a stable protein. The ODC-antizyme complex bound to the 26 S protease but not the 20 S proteasome, consistent with the observation that ODC degradation is mediated by the 26 S protease. The association was shown to be independent of NAZ, suggesting that NAZ does not act as a recognition signal.