gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive molecular pharmacology screening reveals potential new receptor interactions for clinically relevant opioids (2019)

Most clinically used opioids are thought to induce analgesia through activation of the mu opioid receptor (MOR). However, disparities have been observed between the efficacy of opioids in activating the MOR in vitro and in inducing analgesia in vivo. In addition, some clinically used opioids do not produce cross-tolerance with each other, and desensitization produced in vitro does not match tolerance produced in vivo. These disparities suggest that some opioids could be acting through other targets in vivo, but this has not been comprehensively tested. We thus screened 9 clinically relevant opioids (buprenorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, O-desmethyl-tramadol, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tapentadol, tramadol) against 9 pain-related receptor targets (MOR, delta opioid receptor [DOR], kappa opioid receptor [KOR], nociceptin receptor [NOP], cannabinoid receptor type 1 [CB1], sigma-1 receptor [σ1R], and the monoamine transporters [NET/SERT/DAT]) expressed in cells using radioligand binding and functional activity assays. We found several novel interactions, including monoamine transporter activation by buprenorphine and σ1R binding by hydrocodone and tapentadol. Tail flick anti-nociception experiments with CD-1 mice demonstrated that the monoamine transporter inhibitor duloxetine selectively promoted buprenorphine anti-nociception while producing no effects by itself or in combination with the most MOR-selective drug oxymorphone, providing evidence that these novel interactions could be relevant in vivo. Our findings provide a comprehensive picture of the receptor interaction profiles of clinically relevant opioids, which has not previously been performed. Our findings also suggest novel receptor interactions for future investigation that could explain some of the disparities observed between opioid performance in vitro and in vivo.
Fabrication and Performance of Silicon-Embedded Permanent-Magnet Microgenerators (2009)

This paper focuses on the design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon-packaged permanent-magnet (PM) microgenerators. The use of silicon packaging favors fine control on shape and dimensions in batch fabrication and provides a path toward high rotational speeds (1Mr/min), a requirement for ultimate compactness of microgenerators. The successful silicon packaging of these microgenerators consisted of three essential elements: (1) a winding scheme allowing both nonplanar fabrication and through-wafer interconnects; (2) laminations built into the silicon for enhanced electrical performance; and (3) a balancing scheme for the heavy PM rotor to ensure its maximum performance. The devices were fabricated using bonded silicon wafers, integrated magnetics, and an electroplated metal. The mechanical strength of the 12-mm-diameter silicon-packaged PM rotors was evaluated at high rotational speeds using an external spindle drive. Speeds up to 200000 r/min were achieved prior to a mechanical rotor failure. The generators were electrically characterized, and an output power in excess of 1 W across a resistive load of 0.32 ¿ was measured at a maximum speed. A 225% power increase was also experimentally determined due to the addition of a laminated stator back iron.
Cytotoxic drug sensitivity of Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid B-cells (2006)

Our data shows that the inclusion of epirubicin and paclitaxel into chemotherapy protocols against PTLD may be justified.
The Effect of LiF in Gd2O3:Eu, Y2O3:Eu, ZrO2:Zn and ZrO2:Er on UV Induced Thermoluminescence (1996)

The mixing of LiF in Gd2O3:Eu, Y2O3:Eu, ZrO2:Zn, and ZrO2:Er to fabricate phosphors has been found to have different effects on the UV induced thermoluminescence (TL) of these phosphors. It can greatly enhance the TL intensity of the high temperature peak at 345 oC in Gd2O3:Eu, but the effect on its other TL glow peaks is not so obvious. The mixing of LiF in Y2O3:Eu has also been found to increase intensities of all the TL glow peaks. Sintering temperatures from 1000 oC to 1500 oC of Y2O3:Eu made no difference to the TL intensity of the 380 oC peak. This phenomenon is different from that observed in Y2O3:Eu without mixing of LiF sintered in the same temperature range. The TL intensity of the 205 oC peak has been found to increase, but that of the other peaks was suppressed when LiF was mixed with ZrO2:Zn. The intensity of all TL peaks in ZrO2:Er was greatly reduced by adding LiF. It was found that the effect of LiF on all these phosphors simply changes the TL intensity but not the temperatures of these peaks.
The ideal medical practice model: improving efficiency, quality and the doctor-patient relationship. (2007)

When you redesign a practice around these principles, you can step off the productivity treadmill and focus on excellent patient care.
A protocol and memory manager for on-chip communication (2002)

We define a protocol for on-chip communication that supports dynamic interconnect networks with global memory management based on the notion of distributed shared memory with a uniform address space. The protocol is implemented by a memory manager. It is beneficial to separate the steady-state processing (data communication with static interconnect) from changing from one steady state (or user function) to another, which may necessitate reallocation of resources or changes in the network topology.
Beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization (BADCI) probe for ambient mass spectrometry (2009)

A new low activity (63)Ni ionization technique, beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization (BADCI) is reported and applied to the analysis of active ingredients in solid pharmaceutical tablets without sample preparation.
Histone lysine methyltransferase G9a is a novel epigenetic target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is mainly regulated by the histone lysine methyltransferase G9a and is associated with the repression of transcription. However, both the role of G9a and the significance of H3K9me2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain unclear. In this study, we conducted loss-of-function assay of G9a using short-hairpin RNA and pharmacological interference. Knockdown of G9a reduced H3K9me2 levels and impaired both HCC cell growth and sphere formation. However, transforming growth factor β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was not suppressed by G9a knockdown. Combined analyses of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and RNA-sequencing led to successful identification of 96 candidate epigenetic targets of G9a. Pharmacological inhibition of G9a by BIX-01294 resulted in both cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in HCC cells. Intraperitoneal administration of BIX-01294 suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors generated by implantation of HCC cells in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed high levels of G9a and H3K9me2 in 36 (66.7%) and 35 (64.8%) primary HCC tissues, respectively. G9a expression levels were significantly positively correlated with H3K9me2 levels in tumor tissues. In contrast, in non-tumor tissues, G9a and H3K9me2 were only observed in biliary epithelial cells and periportal hepatocytes. In conclusion, G9a inhibition impairs anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth, but not EMT in HCC cells. Our data indicate that pharmacological interference of G9a might be a novel epigenetic approach for the treatment of HCC.
Alternative Methods for the Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> (2002)

The best current way to prepare Au/TiO2 catalysts is the method of deposition−precipitation with NaOH (DP NaOH) developed by Haruta and co-workers. With this method, it is possible to obtain small gold metal particles (2−3 nm), but the corresponding gold loading remains rather low (∼3 wt %). The main goal of this work is to investigate other methods of preparation of Au/TiO2 catalysts to obtain small gold metal particles (2−3 nm) and a higher Au loading. It is shown that anion adsorption with AuCl4- (AA) does not produce Au loading higher than 1.5 wt % and the average particle size is not very small (∼4 nm). Cation adsorption with Au(en)23+ (CA) leads to small particles (2 nm) when the solution/support contact time is moderate (1 h), but the Au loading does not exceed 2 wt %. The most promising method of preparation appears to be deposition−precipitation with urea (DP urea). Indeed, samples with gold particles as small as those obtained with DP NaOH (∼2 nm) can be prepared, and all gold in solution is deposited on TiO2 in contrast to DP NaOH. The DP urea samples reported in this paper can reach a Au loading as high as 8 wt % using a TiO2 support with a surface area of 45 m2 g-1. The possible mechanisms of deposition of gold on the TiO2 support by the different methods of preparation are discussed.
Design And Implementation Of A Linear-phase Equalizer In Digital Audio Signal Processing (2005)

This contribution presents the four phases of a project aiming at the realization in VLSI of a digital audio equalizer with a linear phase characteristic. The first step includes the identification of the system requirements, based on experience and (psycho-acoustical) literature. Secondly, the signal processing algorithms constituting the global design of the equalizer are computer simulated. The third step includes the realization of the equalizer design using one or more programmable DSP¿s. In order to minimize the number of DSP chips necessary for the realization, this step requires the optimization of the structure and mapping of the algorithm on the resources of the DSP. The number of processor cycles is crucial in this optimization. The purpose of the resulting prototype is to test and to validate in a digital audio environment the specification generated in the first step. The programmability of the DSP¿s allows for specification changes at this stage of the project. The fourth step is the VLSI implementatin of the validated algorithm of the previous phase. For this purpose the structure of the algorithm is optimized in order to take full advantage of the silicon resources. Speed and required area are the crucial parameters in this optimization. The final step includes the testing of the completed chips together with a parallel designed and realized PCB in a digital audio environment. The presentation will emphasize the algorithmic and design considerations together with the results.
Slurpie: a cooperative bulk data transfer protocol (2005)

We present Slurpie: a peer-to-peer protocol for bulk data transfer. Slurpie is specifically designed to reduce client download times for large, popular files, and to reduce load on servers that serve these files. Slurpie employs a novel adaptive downloading strategy to increase client performance, and employs a randomized backoff strategy to precisely control load on the server. We describe a full implementation of the Slurpie protocol, and present results from both controlled local-area and wide-area testbeds. Our results show that Slurpie clients improve performance as the size of the network increases, and the server is completely insulated from large flash crowds entering the Slurpie network.
Upregulated expression and activation of membrane-associated proteases in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2014)

To better understand the role of membrane-associated proteolytic systems in the development of esophageal cancer, we studied the expression of two serine proteases, fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and three metalloproteinases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP in 24 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and paired non-cancer tissues. Using reverse-transcription PCR, western blotting and zymography, we showed that both serine proteases and all three metalloproteinases were highly altered in ESCC. A positive correlation between the expression of FAP-α and DPPIV and the activity of both gelatinases was found. This may indicate that these proteolytic systems are tightly linked to each other and collectively are involved in the process of ECM degradation that facilitates cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Determination of the frequency of HLA antibody secreting B-lymphocytes in alloantigen sensitized individuals (2001)

Sera from prospective transplant patients are usually screened for HLA antibodies prior to transplantation, but presently available tests do not permit quantification of the humoral alloantigen directed response. We adapted a culture system for isolated human B-lymphocytes to assay the secretion of HLA-antibodies on a single cell basis. B-cell supernatants were screened for HLA antibodies by complement dependent cytotoxicity. The assay assigns precursor frequencies for HLA-alloantibody secreting B-lymphocytes (BCPFs), and simultaneously allows for dissection of the humoral alloantigen directed response into its monoclonal components. The lymphocytes of 15 HLA-seropositive multiparous women that were used to validate the assay, were found to contain HLA-BCPFs ranging from 0 to 123 per 10(6) B-lymphocytes (mean: 43 +/- 45 per 10(6) B-lymphocytes). The HLA-specificities of antibodies in the B-cell supernatants were in agreement with serum specificities. Genuine HLA reactivity of B-cell supernatants was confirmed using an ELISA with purified HLA class I antigens. When applied to lymphocytes of patients on transplant waiting lists, the present assay may enable the unraveling of serum specificities in their components, thus supplementing HLA antibody serum screening data.
Bromophycolide A Targets Heme Crystallization in the Human Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2011)

A heme run: A combination of synthetic and isolation studies allowed detailed mapping of the antiplasmodial structure–activity relationships of a unique class of macrocyclic meroditerpenes from the red macroalga Callophycus serratus. This SAR map was used to develop fluorescent probes that identified heme crystallization within neutral lipid nanospheres as a mode of action of bromophycolide A.
NBTI in dual gate oxide PMOSFETs (2003)

In advanced analog and mixed signal applications, Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) in dual gate oxide (DGO) technologies poses significant challenges for process development and robust analog circuit design. In this paper, Vt mismatch shift due to NBTI in a cascode current mirror is examined. The impact of stress time, temperature, gate voltage, drain voltage, and annealing on NBTI degradation is investigated over a wide range of stress conditions. Proper process trade-offs must be made to reduce NBTI degradation while integrating a DGO module into a high performance CMOS core process.
Preliminary study on dependency of basic properties of porous silica ILD thin film on CMP compatibility (2002)

Adhesion, cohesive strength, modulus, and hardness of the porous silica ILD film via organic/inorganic hybrid (ALCAP-S) with various kinds of film thickness were investigated and the preliminary attempt was made to correlate the above properties with abrasion compatibility as a function of film thickness. The Stud-pull strength is drastically affected by the visco-elastic behavior of the film and necessary for correction. The corrected adhesion and cohesive strength of ALCAP-S (k=2.2) are satisfactorily high. With decreasing the film thickness, the depth-dependency of modulus induced by the substrate becomes more significant and the corresponding film is liable to abrasion. On the contrary, with increasing thickness the dependency ceases and the film appears to be more elastic, leading to lower abrasion compatibility.
Coordinate Regulation of FOXO1 by miR-27a, miR-96, and miR-182 in Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

The FOXO1 transcription factor orchestrates the regulation of genes involved in the apoptotic response, cell cycle checkpoints, and cellular metabolism. FOXO1 is a putative tumor suppressor, and the expression of this gene is dysregulated in some cancers, including prostate and endometrial cancers. However, the molecular mechanism resulting in aberrant expression of human FOXO1 in cancer cells is poorly understood. We show here that FOXO1 mRNA is down-regulated in breast tumor samples as compared with normal breast tissue. Silencing of the microRNA processing enzymes, Drosha and Dicer, led to an increase in FOXO1 expression. We also identified functional and specific microRNA target sites in the FOXO1 3'-untranslated region for miR-27a, miR-96, and miR-182, microRNAs that have previously been linked to oncogenic transformation. The three microRNAs, miR-27a, miR-96 and miR-182, were observed to be highly expressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, in which the level of FOXO1 protein is very low. Antisense inhibitors to each of these microRNAs led to a significant increase in endogenous FOXO1 expression and to a decrease in cell number in a manner that was blocked by FOXO1 siRNA. Overexpression of FOXO1 resulted in decreased cell viability because of inhibition of cell cycle traverse and induction of cell death. We have identified a novel mechanism of FOXO1 regulation, and targeting of FOXO1 by microRNAs may contribute to transformation or maintenance of an oncogenic state in breast cancer cells.
Optical spin pumping and magnetization switching in ferromagnets (2013)

Motivated by recent experiments on all-optical magnetization switching (AOS), we analyze theoretically optical spin pumping in ferromagnetic metals. It is shown that spin polarizations, induced by linearly and circularly polarized pump pulses, can be comparable in magnitude. We assume that the photoinduced spin polarization influences ultrafast light-induced magnetization dynamics in ferromagnets. In particular, it plays a crucial role in AOS. We analyze the light-induced magnetization dynamics in a system of localized and itinerant spins coupled by s-d exchange interaction, assuming that light heats up the itinerant electrons and, in addition, changes their spin polarization. When the pumped spin polarization has an appropriate sign and magnitude, it triggers magnetization switching. We find that temporal evolution of the magnetization is determined by a complicated interplay between heating, the photoinduced spin polarization, and spin relaxation.
Effects of link availability on the achievable performance with variable coding modulation Earth Observation satellites (2012)

Future high performance Earth Observation satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) will be equipped with high rate telemetry architectures either based on X-Band (375MHz, from 8.025 GHz up to 8.4 GHz) in dual-polarization or on K-Band (25.5GHz up to 27 GHz); in particular, the migration to the K-Band is expected in case the available X-Band will not be able to sustain the mission requirements. They will be also characterized by the on-board availability of a set of coding and modulation schemes at several spectral efficiencies and different Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) thresholds; these will enable the usage of Variable Coding Modulation (VCM) techniques to improve the system performance by adapting case-by-case the coding/modulation scheme to the actual local atmospheric conditions. Among the requirements that a communication system engineer shall consider in the design of the telemetry architecture, the link availability is usually not considered as a critical parameter: for X-Band is it a common approach to size the system at 99.5% of link availability at the end of coverage area i.e. at 5° of elevation angle of the ground station antenna. This paper will show that for future K-Band transmission the target link availability need to be carefully evaluated in dependence of the required data timeliness: as a general rule, a trade-off among data timeliness and overall data throughput is expected to be necessary before sizing the communication architecture.
Tutorial: Incorporating near-surface velocity anomalies in pre-stack depth migration models (2012)

Unresolved velocity anomalies in the near surface degrade deeper imaging. As a consequence, great care needs to be taken to ensure that all significant near-surface effects have been dealt with before attempting to build the deeper parts of a velocity–depth model. In order to incorporate velocity anomalies into the model, a range of options can be used, depending on whether the geobody geometry alone is discernible, or whether its velocity distribution is also known. Here I describe current industrial practice for building complex near-surface models, which is based on a range of approximate techniques, as well as the more complete solution offered by the emerging technology of waveform inversion. Although building complex nearsurface models is a painstaking process, a suitable near-surface velocity model can usually be obtained.
The action and durability of cetyl alcohol as an evaporation suppressant in soils. (1972)

In 4 cetyl alcohol-treated soils, data on the rise in temperature ahead of the wetting front indicated that effect of treatment on the water-conducting characteristics resulted from induced hydrophobicity of the soil particles. Although more water was located near the evaporating surface, the cumulative evaporation from the soil was less than from an untreated soil for a certain period, but thereafter exceeded it. Cetyl alcohol had little effect on the passage of water vapour or water through soil. After 30 weeks the amount of hexadecanol that could be extracted from the soil was less than 7% of the amount originally present.[132.21:954.726]. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Trends in cancer of the cervix uteri in Sweden following cytological screening (1999)

Trends in cervical cancer incidence following the introduction of screening have mostly been studied using cross-sectional data and not analysed separately for squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinomas. Using Swedish nationwide data on incidence and mortality, we analysed trends during more than 3 decades and fitted Poisson-based age-period-cohort models, and also investigated whether screening has reduced the incidence of adenocarcinomas of the cervix. The incidence of reported cancer in situ increased rapidly during 1958-1967. Incidence rates of squamous cell cancer, fairly stable before 1968, decreased thereafter by 4-6% yearly in women aged 40-64, with a much smaller magnitude in younger and older women. An age-cohort model indicated a stable 70-75% reduction in incidence for women born 1940 and later compared with those born around 1923. The incidence of adenocarcinomas doubled during the 35-year study period. The mortality rate increased by 3.6% before 1968 and decreased by 4.0% yearly thereafter. Although a combination of organized and opportunistic screening can reduce the incidence of squamous cell cancer substantially, the incidence of adenocarcinomas appears uninfluenced by screening.
Demo of wireless multimedia transmission in mobile environments (2002)

Laptop PCs equipped with a cellular phone is a new generation of wireless communication device for multimedia data transmission. In this work, we investigate the transmission of encoded multimedia data via the wireless link of the above system. The bandwidth of the wireless channel is much narrower and the noise level is higher in comparison with the wired network. We implement an error control scheme for multimedia data transmission, including audio, video, digital maps and animated graphics. The animated graphics is coded with a new 2-D mesh coding algorithm that is effective in coding efficiency and error resiliency. An implementation of such a wireless communication system is demonstrated.