gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Design of Turbo Equalizers for SC-FDE Schemes with Different Error Protections (2010)

In this paper we consider SC-FDE schemes (Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization) employing multi-resolution hierarchical constellations and we consider the design of turbo receivers, implemented in the frequency-domain, for systems where we have different error protections. We present a versatile method to design the receiver that is suitable to any constellation.
A posteriori method of image restoration (1979)

Algorithms are developed which address the problem of estimating the magnitude and phase of the optical transfer function associated with a blurred image. The primary focus of the paper is on the estimate of the phase of the optical transfer function. Once an estimate of the optical transfer function has been made, the corresponding blurred imagery is Wiener filtered to estimate the original unblurred object. Results are demonstrated on real world photographically induced blurs. Included is a mathematical bound on the phase of the optical transfer function.
Black-body furnace Patent (1966)

%33 4 Claims, [CIS 1%-26) ~ earl;rjii ring are .$isposedwEtiiIrs
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Brewers’ Spent Grain Proteins and Technofunctional Properties of the Resulting Hydrolysates (2007)

Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the insoluble residue of barley malt resulting from the manufacture of wort. Although it is the main byproduct of the brewing industry, it has received little attention as a marketable commodity and is mainly used as animal feed. Our work focuses on one of the main constituents of BSG, i.e., the proteins. The lack of solubility of BSG proteins is one of the limitations for their more extensive use in food processing. We therefore aimed to generate BSG protein hydrolysates with improved technofunctional properties. BSG protein concentrate (BPC) was prepared by alkaline extraction of BSG and subsequent acid precipitation. BPC was enzymatically hydrolyzed in a pH-stat setup by several commercially available proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, and Pepsin) for different times and/or with different enzyme concentrations in order to obtain hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH). Physicochemical properties, such as molecular weight (MW) distribution and hydrophobicity, as well as technofunctional properties, such as solubility, color, and emulsifying and foaming properties, were determined. Enzymatic hydrolysis of BPC improved emulsion and/or foam-forming properties. However, for the hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase and Pepsin, an increasing DH generally decreased emulsifying and foam-forming capacities. Moreover, the type of enzyme impacted the resulting technofunctional properties. Hydrolysates prepared with Flavourzyme showed good technofunctional properties, independent of the DH. Physicochemical characterization of the hydrolysates indicated the importance of protein fragments with relatively high MW (exceeding 14.5 k) and high surface hydrophobicity for favorable technofunctional properties.
A mesomorphic amphiphilic phthalocyanine derivative used for the functionalization of the grid surface of a field effect transistor (1998)

A phthalocyanine subunit substituted with four hydroxy- and four methoxy-terminated polyoxyethylene sidechains has been synthesized. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction at small angles demonstrate the formation of a birefringent non-crystalline phase. The reaction of the terminal hydroxy groups with methacryloyl chloride affords an amphiphilic photopolymerizable phthalocyanine derivative. This latter has been reacted with the grid surface of a field effect transistor (FET) previously treated with (trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. The photo-copolymerized membrane has been shown to be approximately 360 Å thick by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The covalently linked polyoxyethylene phthalocyanine derivative has been used as an ion complexing membrane in an ion selective field effect transistor (ISFET). The ISFET characteristics have been determined in water and in a methanol–water mixture (90:10; v:v) for Na+ and K+. The pH sensitivity of the device has also been measured. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical ones. The model allowed us to determine the total number of binding sites (NTOT) and the corresponding ion–site complexation constants. Fonctionnalisation d'une grille de transistor à effet de champ par un de′rive′ amphiphile de phtalocyanine formant des me′sophases. Un de′rive′ de phtalocyanine substitue′ par huit chaînes polyoxye′thylènes—quatre d'entre elles se terminant par un groupe hydroxy, quatre autres par un groupe me′thoxy—a e′te′ synthe′tise′. Des observations en microscopie optique et des mesures de diffraction des rayons X aux petits angles de′montrent la formation de me′sophases bire′fringentes avec ce compose′. Les groupes terminaux hydroxy sont ensuite transforme′s en ester me′thacrylique afin d'obtenir un de′rive′ de phtalocyanine photopolyme′risable. Une grille de transistor à effet de champ en silice a e′te′ pre′alablement traite′e à l'aide de (trime′thoxysilyl)propylme′thacrylate. Ceci a permis de greffer le de′rive′ de phtalocyanine sur la surface de SiO2 par photopolyme′risation. La membrane ainsi obtenue fait environ 360 Å d'e′paisseur. Celle-ci fut de′termine′e à l'aide d'un microscope à force atomique. Le dispositif pre′ce′dent a e′te′ utilise′ pour de′tecter et titrer des ions sodium et potassium fonctionnant ainsi comme un transistor à effet de champ sensible aux ions. Ses caracte′ristiques ont e′te′ de′termine′es dans l'eau et dans un me′lange me′thanol–eau (90:10; v:v). Les modifications dues à des changements de pH ont e′te′ mesure′es. Les re′sultats expe′rimentaux ont pu être mode′lise′s grâce à une approche de′jà de′crite. Celle-ci nous a permis de calculer à la fois le nombre total de sites complexants et la constante de stabilite′ site–cation.
Empirical Evaluation of a Reinforcement Learning Spoken Dialogue System (2000)

We report on the design, construction and empirical evaluation of a large-scale spoken dialogue system that optimizes its performance via reinforcement learning on human user dialogue data. Introduction The formalisms of Markov decision processes (MDPs) and reinforcement learning (RL) have become a standard approach to many AI problems that involve an agent learning to improve performance by interaction with its environment (Sutton, 1991; Kaelbling et al., 1996). While the theory of these formalisms is quite advanced, applications have been limited almost exclusively to problems in control, operations research, or game-playing (e.g., Crites and Barto, 1995; Tesauro, 1995). In this paper, we describe an application of RL to a rather different type of problem, in which the MDP models a system&apos;s interaction with a population of human users, and RL is used to optimize the system&apos;s performance. Strategy Dialogue Database TTS ASR User Figure 1: A block diagram representation of a ...
Evidence for a cytoplasmic pathway of oxalate biosynthesis in Aspergillus niger (1988)

Oxalate accumulation of up to 8 g/liter was induced in Aspergillus niger by shifting the pH from 6 to 8. This required the presence of Pi and a nitrogen source and was inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Exogenously added 14CO2 was not incorporated into oxalate, but was incorporated into acetate and malate, thus indicating the biosynthesis of oxalate by hydrolytic cleavage of oxaloacetate. Inhibition of mitochondrial citrate metabolism by fluorocitrate did not significantly decrease the oxalate yield. The putative enzyme that was responsible for this was oxaloacetate hydrolase (EC 3.7.1.1), which was induced de novo during the pH shift. Subcellular fractionation of oxalic acid-forming mycelia of A. niger showed that this enzyme is located in the cytoplasm of A. niger. The results are consistent with a cytoplasmic pathway of oxalate formation which does not involve the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Functional and morphological damage of endothelium in rabbit ear artery following irradiation with cobalt<sup>60</sup> (1998)

1. The relaxant actions of acetylcholine and A23187 were examined in the rabbit central ear artery at different intervals following exposure to different doses of radiation with a cobalt60 unit. The artery was irradiated with a dose of 10 Gy, 20 Gy and 45 Gy. Radiation caused dose- and time-dependent impairment of the endothelium-dependent relaxations. The impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations occurred as early as 1 week postirradiation and persisted throughout the experimental period (10 weeks). 2. The endothelium-independent response to sodium nitroprusside was well preserved up to 6 weeks after irradiation. The contractile response to noradrenaline was unaltered by irradiation throughout the experimental period, but in contrast to control vessels, an increase in the sensitivity to noradrenaline in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine was not observed in the irradiated vessels. 3. The impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in the irradiated vessels were not improved by pretreatment with the NOS substrate L-arginine, the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or the free radical scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase. 4. Scanning electron microscopy indicated morphologically intact endothelial cells within the first 4 weeks after irradiation. 5. Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in the expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) in the irradiated vessels. 6. These data indicate that endothelial cell function is specifically impaired in the irradiated vessels before morphological endothelial cell damage can be detected. This impairment may be related to diminished eNOS expression.
Light‐Induced Melatonin Suppression in Humans with Polychromatic and Monochromatic Light (2007)

The relative contribution of rods, cones, and melanopsin to non-image-forming (NIF) responses under light conditions differing in irradiance, duration, and spectral composition remains to be determined in humans. NIF responses to a polychromatic light source may be very different to that predicted from the published human action spectra data, which have utilized narrow band monochromatic light and demonstrated short wavelength sensitivity. To test the hypothesis that only melanopsin is driving NIF responses in humans, monochromatic blue light (lambda(max) 479 nm) was matched with polychromatic white light for total melanopsin-stimulating photons at three light intensities. The ability of these light conditions to suppress nocturnal melatonin production was assessed. A within-subject crossover design was used to investigate the suppressive effect of nocturnal light on melatonin production in a group of diurnally active young male subjects aged 18-35 yrs (24.9+/-3.8 yrs; mean+/-SD; n=11). A 30 min light pulse, individually timed to occur on the rising phase of the melatonin rhythm, was administered between 23:30 and 01:30 h. Regularly timed blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma melatonin. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA, with irradiance and light condition as factors, was used for statistical analysis (n=9 analyzed). There was a significant effect of both light intensity (p<0.001) and light condition (p<0.01). Polychromatic light was more effective at suppressing nocturnal melatonin than monochromatic blue light matched for melanopsin stimulation, implying that the melatonin suppression response is not solely driven by melanopsin. The findings suggest a stimulatory effect of the additional wavelengths of light present in the polychromatic light, which could be mediated via the stimulation of cone photopigments and/or melanopsin regeneration. The results of this study may be relevant to designing the spectral composition of polychromatic lights for use in the home and workplace, as well as in the treatment of circadian rhythm disorders.
Preserving the integrity of cyclic-redundancy checks when protected text is intentionally altered (1989)

As a digitally encoded message traverses a series of point-to-point communication links, it may be necessary to change the contents of that message at an intermediate station. If bit errors are introduced by the intermediary while the text is unprotected, these errors will be subsequently undetectable by cyclic redundancy checks. An algorithm is presented here for ensuring that such errors will not go undetected. Since the cyclic redundancy check is based on a linear mathematical operation, the frame-check sequence may be modified, rather than recalculated, by each intermediary changing the protected text. A frame-check sequence constructed in this way will reveal any errors introduced in the transmission path when the message is finally examined at the ultimate destination. Examples of the proposed technique applied to various local-area network bridges are developed. The technique is shown to be beneficial in these examples when the internal bit-error ratio of the text-changing device exceeds 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−19</sup> on unprotected paths.
Theories of unconscious learning confronted (2003)

Paper presented at the biannual conference of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction, Padua (Italy), august 26-31 2003
Guanosine Analogues as Anti-Herpesvirus Agents (2000)

Several guanosine analogues, i.e. acyclovir (and its oral prodrug valaciclovir), penciclovir (in its oral prodrug form, famciclovir) and ganciclovir, are widely used for the treatment of herpesvirus (i.e. HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and HCMV) infections. In recent years, several new guanosine analogues have been developed, including the 3-membered (cyclopropyl) sugar derivative A-5021 and the 6-membered D- and L-cyclohexenyl derivatives. Prominent features shared by all guanosine analogues are the following. They depend for their phosphorylation on the virus-encoded thymidine kinase (TK), which makes them particularly effective against those viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV) that encoded for such TK. They are also active against HCMV, whether or not they are subject of phosphorylation by the HCMV-induced UL97 protein kinase. Their antiviral activity can be markedly potentiated by mycophenolic acid, an IMP dehydrogenase inhibitor, and they hold great promise, not only as antiviral agents for the treatment of herpesvirus infections, but also as antitumor agents for the combined gene therapy/chemotherapy of cancer, provided that (part of) the tumor cells have been transfected by the viral TK gene.
The Application of PEEK to the Packaging of Implantable Electronic Devices: Water Permeation Calculation Method and Maximum Achievable Lifetime with Desiccant (2013)

When packaging electronics to protect from the effects of water vapor, it is essential to be able to predict how moisture will permeate the enclosure. In the context of short term medical implants, for instance, packages made of a permeable material such as a polymer may be acceptable, provided calculations and tests show that low internal relative humidity (RH) is guaranteed for the required device lifetime. A method is presented to evaluate the permeation of water vapor into a package with desiccant, and tests are described to evaluate the validity of the model experimentally. Achievable lifetimes for PEEK packages with silica gel are investigated.
Spectral dependence of the scattering coefficient in case 1 and case 2 waters (1999)

An approximate linear relationship between the scattering coefficient and the wavelength of light in the visible is found in case 1 and case 2 waters. From this relationship, we estimate scattering at an unknown wavelength from scattering at a single measured wavelength. This approximation is based on measurements in a 1.5-m-thick surface layer collected with an AC9 instrument at 63 stations in the Arabian Sea, northern Gulf of Mexico, and coastal North Carolina. The light-scattering coefficient at 412 nm ranged from 0.2 to 15.1 m(-1) in these waters, and the absorption coefficient at 412 nm ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 m(-1). A separate data set for 100 stations from Oceanside, California, and Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, was used to validate the relationship. Although the Oceanside waters were considerably different from the developmental data set (based on absorption-to-scattering ratios and single-scattering albedos), the average error between modeled and measured scattering values was 6.0% for the entire test data set over all wavelengths (without regard to sign). The slope of the spectral scattering relationship decreases progressively from high-scattering, turbid waters dominated by suspended sediments to lower-scattering, clear waters dominated by phytoplankton.
Dictionary of Agriculture (2007)

Dictionary of agriculture , Dictionary of agriculture , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
The atom, the molecule, and the covalent organic framework (2017)

Just over a century ago, Lewis published his seminal work on what became known as the covalent bond, which has since occupied a central role in the theory of making organic molecules. With the advent of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), the chemistry of the covalent bond was extended to two- and three-dimensional frameworks. Here, organic molecules are linked by covalent bonds to yield crystalline, porous COFs from light elements (boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon) that are characterized by high architectural and chemical robustness. This discovery paved the way for carrying out chemistry on frameworks without losing their porosity or crystallinity, and in turn achieving designed properties in materials. The recent union of the covalent and the mechanical bond in the COF provides the opportunity for making woven structures that incorporate flexibility and dynamics into frameworks.
Retinal Prosthesis (2014)

Retinal prosthesis has been translated from the laboratory to the clinic over the past two decades. Currently, two devices have regulatory approval for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. These devices provide partial sight restoration and patients use this improved vision in their everyday lives. Improved mobility and object detection are some of the more notable findings from the clinical trials. However, significant vision restoration will require both better technology and improved understanding of the interaction between electrical stimulation and the retina. This paper reviews the recent clinical trials and highlights technology breakthroughs that will contribute to next generation of retinal prostheses.
The use of Pentostam liposomes in the chemotherapy of experimental leishmaniasis (1977)

Journal Article The use of Pentostam liposomes in the chemotherapy of experimental leishmaniasis Get access C.D.V. Black, C.D.V. Black Nuffield Laboratories of Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.J. Watson, G.J. Watson Nuffield Laboratories of Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roberta J. Ward Roberta J. Ward Division of Clinical Chemistry, Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 71, Issue 6, 1977, Pages 550–552, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(77)90155-9 Published: 01 January 1977 Article history Published: 01 January 1977 Accepted: 31 October 1977
Purification and properties of pectinesterases of Marsh white grapefruit pulp (1991)

Deux formes de pectinestérases sont identifiées et purifiées : thermilabile (TL) et thermostable (TS). Leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques sont détaillées et comparées : caractérisation physique par électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide SDS; spectre UV; composition en acides aminés; activité enzymatique; teneur en carbohydrates. Les propriétés antigéniques montrent la présence de structures homologues entre les 2 formes
Structural Model for Dry-Drawing of Sheets and Yarns from Carbon Nanotube Forests (2011)

A structural model is developed for describing the solid-state transformation of a vertically oriented carbon multiwall nanotube (MWNT) forest to a horizontally oriented MWNT sheet or yarn. The key element of our model is a network of individual carbon nanotubes or small bundles interconnecting the array of main large-diameter MWNT bundles of the forest. The dry-draw self-assembly mechanism for MWNT sheet formation involves two principal processes that reconfigure the interconnection network: (1) unzipping by preferentially peeling off interconnections between the bundles in the forest and (2) self-strengthening of these interconnections by densification at the top and bottom of the forest during draw-induced reorientation of the bundles. It is shown that interconnection density is a key parameter that determines the ability of a MWNT forest to be dry-drawable into sheets and yarns. This model describes the principal mechanism of solid-state draw (confirmed by dynamic in situ scanning electron microscopy), the range of forest structural parameters that enable sheet draw, and observed dependencies of sheet properties on the parent MWNT forest structure.
A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Dose Ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety and Biological Efficacy of the Lipid-DNA Complex GR213487B in the Nasal Epithelium of Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development Ltd., London, England (1998)

Efficacy Evaluations The primary variables to determine the efficacy of transgene expression will be: * Evidence of vector derived CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mRNA, as measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasal epithelial cells obtained from nasal scrapes on Day 3 and, nasal biopsies on Day 5, if sufficient tissue is available. * Correction of chloride ion transport across the nasal epithelium as measured by the transepithelial electrical potential difference (TEPD). The baseline TEPD will initially be measured, and again subsequently following perfusion of: --zero chloride perfusion containing amiloride (to induce chloride secretion) --zero chloride perfusion containing amiloride and isoproterenol (to increase cAMP-mediated chloride secretion) Secondary measures to determine the efficacy of gene transfer will be: * Evidence of delivery of plasmid DNA in the nasal lavage (Day 1-5, Day 9-11 and Day 28) * Evidence of vector derived CFTR mRNA from nasal scrapes performed after the nasal biopsy (ie. Day 9-11 and/or Day 28) * Percentage of cells from nasal biopsies expressing vector derived CFTR mRNA as measured by in situ hybridization * Evidence of vector derived CFTR
Regulation of mitochondrial morphology by lipids (2014)

Abstract Although great progress has been made in identifying key protein factors that regulate mitochondrial morphology through mediating fission and fusion, signaling lipids are increasingly being recognized as important in the process as well. We review here roles that have been proposed for the signaling and bulk lipids cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine and the enzymes that generate or catabolize them in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology in yeast and mammals. Mutations in some of these enzymes are causal in a number of disease settings, highlighting the significance of controlling the lipid environment in this setting. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(4):419–424, 2014