gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of nitric oxide and NMDA receptors in the development of motor neuron dendrites. (1998)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the establishment of precise synaptic connectivity throughout the neuroaxis in several species. To determine the contribution of NO to NMDA receptor-dependent dendritic growth in motor neurons, we administered the NMDA antagonist MK-801 to wild-type mice and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) knock-out mice between postnatal days 7 and 14. Compared to saline-treated wild-type animals the number of dendritic bifurcations was significantly reduced in nNOS knock-out animals and MK-801-treated wild-type animals. There was no significant difference in dendritic bifurcation between MK-801-treated wild-type, MK-801-treated nNOS knock-out, and saline-treated nNOS knock-out animals, suggesting that nNOS knock-out and NMDA receptor block had similar effects. The path of the longest dendrite and the number of primary dendrites was the same in all treatment groups, indicating an effect specific to bifurcation. Sholl analysis revealed that differences in bifurcation numbers occurred between 160 and 320 micrometers from the cell body, the distance at which second, third, and fourth order dendrites are most prevalent. Dendrite order analyses confirmed a significant reduction in numbers, but not lengths, of third and fourth order dendrites in nNOS knock-out and drug-treatment groups. Finally, immunohistochemical examination of the developing spinal cord indicated that NMDA receptors and nNOS are colocalized within interneurons surrounding the motor neuron pool. These results support the view that at least part of NMDA receptor-dependent arborization of motor neuron dendrites is mediated by the local production of NO within the developing spinal cord.
Role of non-metallic inclusions in formation of acicular ferrite in low alloy weld metals (1996)

AbstractA critical investigation into the role of non-metallic inclusions in the nucleation of acicular ferrite in low alloy C–Mn–Ni weld metals was carried out using rapid in situ quenching, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, and dilatometric techniques. The relationship between the transformed acicular ferrite, the inclusions, and the chemical nature of the inclusions which had actually nucleated ferrite laths was examined in detail. By employing weld metals with either intermediate (200–350 ppm) or low (15–30 ppm) oxygen levels, the inclusion chemistry and nucleation behaviour of acicular ferrite in welds with different oxygen contents were compared. In addition, the influence of the [Al]/[O] ratio in lower oxygen content weld metals was also examined. It was found that the first acicular ferrite laths nucleated from the inclusions at both oxygen levels, and the chemical composition of the active inclusions varied considerably. The inclusions nucleated acicular ferrite by acting simply as inert substrates with the ability to reduce the free energy barrier to nucleation. The number and size distribution of the inclusions appeared to be the dominant factors; the thermal stress-strain fields and lattice disregistry were less important. The most favourable type of inclusions were within the size range 0·3–0·9 μm for the higher oxygen content weld metals and 0·35–0·75 μm for the lower oxygen level weld metals. A high [Al]/[O] ratio depresses the formation of acicular ferrite by increasing the soluble matrix aluminium content, which encourages extensive ferrite sideplate formation; the concurrent variation in inclusion chemical composition did not appear to influence the nucleation of acicular ferrite.MST/3209
Contributors, April 1972 (1972)

Presents a biographical entry for each author and co-author included in this issue of the publication.
Preparation of Functional Benzofurans, Benzothiophenes, and Indoles Using Ester, Thioester, and Amide via Intramolecular Wittig Reactions (2011)

Preparation of new types of highly functional benzofurans, benzothiophenes, and indoles is realized via intramolecular Wittig reactions with the corresponding ester, thioester, and amide functionalities. The key intermediates, phosphorus ylides, presumably result from the addition of Bu(3)P toward aldehydes followed by acylation and deprotonation. Synthesis of functional benzofurans directly starting from salicylic aldehyde derivatives with acid chlorides in a one-step procedure is also developed.
Optimizing the acquisition time of the middle latency response using maximum length sequences and chirps (2002)

The middle latency response (MLR) may be used as an indicator of anesthetic depth but has been criticized due to its long acquisition time. This study explores methods for optimizing recording of the MLR to maximize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and hence reduce acquisition time. The first experiment investigates the effects of increasing stimulation rate beyond conventional values and also using higher rates by means of maximum length sequences (MLS). The second experiment compares the use of click and chirp stimuli to elicit the MLR, both at conventional and MLS stimulation rates. For all conditions total recording duration is fixed at 185 s and stimulation level is fixed at 60 dB SL. It was found that SNR increases progressively with rate using conventional click stimulation until the theoretical rate limit is reached at the reciprocal of the response duration. The SNR improvement is equivalent to increasing test speed by a factor of 3. Using MLS stimulation, the SNR increases further until a maximum is reached at a rate of 167 clicks/s, equivalent to a fivefold test speed improvement relative to a conventional recording at 5 clicks/s. The use of chirp stimuli designed to compensate for the frequency dependent cochlear traveling wave delay produces an increase in wave V-Na amplitude at all recording rates. For the later latency waves of the response an increase in amplitude is seen for MLS, but not for conventional chirp trains. The optimum SNR was obtained using chirp stimuli at a MLS rate of 167 opportunities/s. It is concluded that the combination of chirps and MLS can reduce acquisition time to less than one-tenth of that required for conventional stimulation at 5 clicks/s for the same SNR. This would confer material benefits for estimating anesthetic depth using MLR.
Hormone replacement therapy, brain volumes and white matter in postmenopausal women aged 60–64 years (2005)

Research on the structural and functional effects of hormone replacement therapy on the brain has produced inconsistent results. This paper reports on cross-sectional associations between hormone replacement therapy use and volumes of brain structures measured using magnetic resonance imaging in 213 postmenopausal women aged 60-64 years recruited from a large population study. Of these, 64 were current hormone replacement therapy users, 69 previous users and 80 had never used hormone replacement therapy. No differences were observed between groups in total grey matter, white matter, hippocampal or amygdalar volumes, severity or volume of white matter hyperintensities, or in different measures of brain atrophy. While acknowledging the limitations of a cross-sectional study, the results argue against hormone replacement therapy being protective against brain changes associated with ageing in women in their early 60s.
Color and Constitution. XIII.<sup>1</sup> Merocyanines as Solvent Property Indicators<sup>2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColor and Constitution. XIII.1 Merocyanines as Solvent Property Indicators2Leslie G. S. Brooker, Arnold C. Craig, Donald W. Heseltine, Philip W. Jenkins, and Lewis L. LincolnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 11, 2443–2450Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01089a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01089a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views728Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ATP depletion inhibits capacitative Ca2+ entry in rat thymic lymphocytes (1995)

The present study investigates the requirement for cellular ATP in the increase in plasma membrane Ca2+ permeability activated by the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores in rat thymic lymphocytes (capacitative Ca2+ entry). The permeability state of this pathway following activation with thapsigargin was probed in control and ATP-depleted cells using fluorometric measurements of intracellular Ca2+, Mn2+ entry, and membrane potential, and unidirectional measurements of Ca2+ uptake using 45Ca2+. The capacitative Ca(2+)-entry pathway was markedly inhibited in cells depleted of ATP by incubation in glucose-free solution containing oligomycin, antimycin A, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. These data cannot be explained on the basis of a loss of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient for Ca2+, alterations in intracellular pH or cellular Na+ content, a direct effect of the inhibitors of ATP production on the capacitative Ca(2+)-entry pathway, or the ability of thapsigargin to release Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Rather, these data are consistent with a requirement for ATP or a high-energy phosphate donor in the activation and/or maintained activation of capacitative Ca2+ entry.
Poly(lactic acid) degradation in soil or under controlled conditions (1996)

The fate of a racemic lactic acid polymer (PLA50) was investigated by allowing parallelepiped plates of PLA50 to age in liquid medium containing a mixed culture of Fusarium moniliforme and Pseudomonas putida at 30°C. Microbial activity was monitored by measuring pH, lactic acid formation by high-performance liquid chromatography, and esterase activity in supernatant. Degradation of the plates was monitored by weighing, size exclusion chromatography, and visual examination. Under the selected conditions, pH increased up to 8, whereas it remained constant in the microorganism-free control. No significant lactic acid formation or esterase activity was detected in the supernatant during the experimental period (32 weeks). For the first 17 weeks, the water absorption rate of the plates was the same in both the microbial and the control media. Subsequently, plates absorbed more water in microbial than in control media. Typical surface/center differential degradation of plates was observed until 17 weeks, but it reduced progressively. At 32 weeks, specimens appeared completely disintegrated in the microbial medium. PLA50 plates were also buried in the soil for 8 weeks. After recovery, plates were allowed to degrade 8 weeks under controlled conditions. Scanning electron microscopy of these plates showed the development of some filamentous fungi at the surface and into the bulk of plates. Five fungal strains were isolated which appeared to be able to assimilate PLA50 oligomers in mixed cultures. It was assumed that PLA50 plates had been first degraded by chemical hydrolysis, followed by the bioassimilation of degradation by-products in both experiments. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
ANÁLISE DOS ÍNDICES DE EVASÃO E TEMPO DE INTEGRALIZAÇÃO DO CURSO DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE MARINGÁ - UEM (2018)

A formação de engenheiros no Brasil, em termos tanto qualitativos quanto quantitativos, passou a ser um parâmetro determinante no processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico do país. Entre os problemas que afetam o índice de formação dos engenheiros estão no processo de evasão e o elevado tempo de integralização do currículo. Estes problemas têm várias vertentes, como diminuição do ritmo de desenvolvimento tecnológico do país, aumento dos gastos públicos e privados e as questões sociais advindas do processo. Diante desta realidade, este artigo tem por objetivo levantar e apresentar dados sobre evasão acadêmica e tempo de integralização do curso de Engenharia de Produção da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) no período de 2000 a 2013. Para a realização do estudo foram utilizadas informações do banco de dados da Diretoria de Assuntos Acadêmicos (DAA). Ao seu final foi possível observar que somente cerca de 56% dos alunos que concluem o curso o fazem no tempo mínimo regular (cinco anos), e que o índice de evasão, quando calculado por turma, chega, em média, a 32,9% dos alunos iniciantes, e quando mensurado por ano, o índice médio de alunos desistentes atinge 11,4%.
DiapHRaGM: A mnemonic to describe the work of breathing in patients with respiratory failure (2017)

Most of the variance is respiratory distress can be explained by five signs summarized by the mnemonic DiapHRaGM (diaphoresis, hypoxia, respiratory rate, gasping, accessory muscle). This set of signs may allow for efficient, standardized assessments of the work of breathing of hypoxic patients.
A New Isolation Structure of Pogo Pins for Crosstalk Reduction in a Test Socket (2011)

A new isolation structure is integrated in the test socket to reduce the crosstalk between pogo pins with various pin patterns and different signal to ground (S/G) ratios. It comprises inserted vias to shield the signal coupling and two metal planes to connect the inserted vias with the ground pogo pins. The crosstalk between pogo pins with and without the isolation structure is simulated and investigated by 3-D full wave analysis. A systematic design methodology is established to determine various structural parameters. It is found that the optimal pin radius to pitch ratio is about 0.2, thereby achieving crosstalk and reflection both smaller than -20 dB for all considered patterns from dc to 10 GHz. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation and both validate the proposed design.
STEP AND INTERNET BASED SHIP DATA CENTER (2001)

Thoughts on building ship data center in china by adopting STEP and distribution object technology are detailed and an experimental system including ship engineering and product data management(SEPDM) subsystem and data exchanging subsystem is suggested. Three methods based on FTP/ASCⅡ files, WEB/Data Base and CORBA/dynamic data are used for data exchange.SEPDM can be used to manage the distributed design groups, tasks, design documents, data files and product database, etc.
Misalignment effects of the Shack–Hartmann sensor (1998)

The Shack-Hartmann sensor uses a microlens array and a CCD camera for wave-front measurements. To obtain wave-front measurements with high accuracy, an accurate relative alignment of both is essential. The different states of misalignment of the Shack-Hartmann sensor are divided into groups and are treated theoretically and experimentally. Their effect on the accuracy of wave-front measurements is evaluated. In addition, a practical method for proper alignment of the Shack-Hartmann sensor is proposed.
Non-Sonogashira-Type Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Terminal Alkynes Assisted by Silver(I) Oxide or Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (2000)

Palladium-catalyzed reaction of aryl and alkenyl halides with terminal alkynes in the presence of silver(I) oxide as an activator furnishes various arylated or alkenylated alkynes in good to excellent yields. The similar coupling reaction is also found to proceed using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) as an activator.
Engineering Plastics from Lignin - IV. Effect of Crosslink Density on Polyurethane Film Properties — Variation in NCO:OH Ratio (1984)

Article Engineering Plastics from Lignin - IV. Effect of Crosslink Density on Polyurethane Film Properties — Variation in NCO:OH Ratio was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 38, issue 4).
On the potential value and limitations of emphasis change and other exploration-enhancing training methods. (2001)

Two experiments are presented that examine the efficiency of training methods that force trainees to explore the possible strategy space. Both experiments used a 2-dimensional search task. Experiment 1 studies a method that enforces exploration by preventing repetitions within short sequences. It shows that the effect of this "enhanced exploration" method in the abstract setting is similar to the effect of "emphasis change" training (see D. Gopher, 1993) in high cognitive workload tasks. This finding appeared only in strategic spaces where intuitive exploration converges to a local optimum. Experiment 2 compares the effect of exploration enhancement with the effect of guided instruction. The results of the experiments, which are captured well by a generalization of I. Erev and D. A. Gopher's (1999) model of the conditions for the success of emphasis change training, shed light on the limitations and potential of exploration-enhancing training methods.
Necrotic ring spot on turf in Oregon (1995)

t g Necrotic ring spot (NRS) is an important fungal disease of bluegrass turf in the Pacific Northwest. Many plantings of Kentucky bluegrass in central and eastern Oregon are severely affected. Necrotic ring spot occurs most commonly on certain cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), especially if followed by red fescue. The disease is common on 2to 5-year-old Kentucky bluegrass established from sod. Turf established from seed shows symptoms less frequently. NRS also can attack annual bluegrass (Poa annua), rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis), and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Diseased patches are most active and easily seen in the spring and especially the fall. Symptoms of NRS often are confused with those of other turf diseases. Once the disease is identified correctly, however, there are several options for control of NRS. UB LIC A
On effective presentation of graph patterns (2008)

In the past, quite a few fast algorithms have been developed to mine frequent patterns over graph data, with the large spectrum covering many variants of the problem. However, the real bottleneck for knowledge discovery on graphs is neither efficiency nor scalability, but the usability of patterns that are mined out. Currently, what the state-of-art techniques give is a lengthy list of exact patterns, which are undesirable in the following two aspects: (1) on the micro side, due to various inherent noises or data diversity, exact patterns are usually not too useful in many real applications; and (2) on the macro side, the rigid structural requirement being posed often generates an excessive amount of patterns that are only slightly different from each other, which easily overwhelm the users.
High Pressure Treatment of Milk and Effects on Microbiological and Sensory Quality of Cheddar Cheese (1997)

ABSTRACT The effect of cycled high pressure treatment of milk on the yield, sensory, and microbiological quality of Cheddar cheese was investigated. Cheddar cheeses were made from pasteurized, raw, or pressure treated milk according to traditional methods. Flavor scores from trained dairy judges were not different for pasteurized and pressurized milk cheeses (P≤0.05). Percent moisture and wet weight yields of pressure treated milk cheeses were higher than pasteurized or raw milk cheeses (P≤0.05). Microbiological quality of pressurized milk cheeses was comparable to pasteurized milk cheeses. Texture defects were present in pressurized milk cheeses and were attributed to excess moisture. High pressure treatment of milk shows promise as an alternative to heat pasteurization prior to cheesemaking.
Genome-scale analysis of gene function in the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaeon <i>Methanococcus maripaludis</i> (2013)

A comprehensive whole-genome analysis of gene function by transposon mutagenesis and deep sequencing methodology has been implemented successfully in a representative of the Archaea domain. Libraries of transposon mutants were generated for the hydrogenotrophic, methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis S2 using a derivative of the Tn5 transposon. About 89,000 unique insertions were mapped to the genome, which allowed for the classification of 526 genes or about 30% of the genome as possibly essential or strongly advantageous for growth in rich medium. Many of these genes were homologous to eukaryotic genes that encode fundamental processes in replication, transcription, and translation, providing direct evidence for their importance in Archaea. Some genes classified as possibly essential were unique to the archaeal or methanococcal lineages, such as that encoding DNA polymerase PolD. In contrast, the archaeal homolog to the gene encoding DNA polymerase B was not essential for growth, a conclusion confirmed by construction of an independent deletion mutation. Thus PolD, and not PolB, likely plays a fundamental role in DNA replication in methanococci. Similarly, 121 hypothetical ORFs were classified as possibly essential and likely play fundamental roles in methanococcal information processing or metabolism that are not established outside this group of prokaryotes.
Recirculating flow accelerates DNA microarray hybridization in a microfluidic device (2006)

A recirculating microfluidic device fabricated by laminating Mylar and glass was developed for the analysis of hybridization of oligonucleotides to DNA microarrays. The device is part of a system that provides controlled hybridization to DNA probes immobilized in a microarray of polyacrylamide gel pads using recirculation and temperature control. The system was used to obtain real-time kinetics of DNA hybridization and more accurate melting profiles of target-probe duplexes than possible using a static hybridization format. Recirculation shortened the time of perfect match target-probe hybridization from 6 hours to 2 hours and shifted the Td by 1.54 degrees C, relative to static conditions. The experimental results were consistent with a three-dimensional simulation of hybridization using a recirculating buffer system.