gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using split event sets to form and schedule event combinations in discrete event simulation (1992)

Examines the operational characteristics of event set implementations in the presence of a large number of scheduled events. The authors examine a technique to reduce the number of items (i.e., events) to be scheduled by combining all the events to be processed by the same part of the simulation (referred to as a logical process) at the same simulation time. While fewer items need to be scheduled as a result of the formation of these event combinations in existing unified event set implementations, the scheduling must be done by both event time and the identity of the logical process which is to process the event. To address the complexity of this two-component priority, the authors introduce and examine several split event set implementations as schedulers. Empirical performance comparisons between unified and split implementations using closed queuing network and other simulations demonstrate the advantage of split implementations for large event sets. >
The Sialyl Lewis X expression in hepatocarcinogenesis: potential predictor for the emergence of hepatocellular carcinoma. (2002)

These results suggested that the sLeX-positive liver tissue specimens possessed a high degree of carcinogenicity and therefore sLeX expression in the diseased liver might be a good predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma emergence. At the same time, the suppression of sLeX occurred at a very early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition, the phenotype of sLeX was also considered to change during the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Isolation and properties of fecal strains that degrade ABH blood group antigens and oligosaccharides from mucin glycoproteins. (1985)

We previously reported that the oligosaccharide chains of hog gastric mucin were degraded by unidentified subpopulations numbering approximately 1% of normal human fecal bacteria. Here we report on the enzyme-producing properties of five strains of mucin oligosaccharide chain-degrading bacteria isolated from feces of four healthy subjects. Four were isolated from the greatest fecal dilutions yielding mucin side chain-degrading activity in culture, and thus were the numerically dominant side chain-degrading bacteria in their respective hosts. Three were Ruminococcus strains and two were Bifidobacterium strains. Two Ruminococcus torques strains, IX-70 and VIII-239, produced blood group A- and H-degrading alpha-glycosidase activities, sialidase, and the requisite beta-glycosidases; these strains released greater than 90% of the anthrone-reacting hexoses from hog gastric mucin during growth in culture. The Bifidobacterium strains lacked A-degrading activity but were otherwise similar; these released 60-80% of the anthrone-reacting hexoses but not the A antigenic structures from hog gastric mucin. Only Ruminococcus AB strain VI-268 produced blood group B-degrading alpha-galactosidase activity, but this strain lacked beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases to complete degradation of B antigenic chains. When this strain was co-cultured with a strain that produced beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases, release of hexoses from blood group B salivary glycoprotein increased from 50 to greater than 90%, and bacterial growth was enhanced. The glycosidases required for side chain degradation were produced by these strains in the absence of mucin substrate, and a substantial fraction of each activity in stationary phase cultures was extracellular. In contrast, none of 16 other fecal Bacteroides, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bifidobacterium strains produced ABH blood group-degrading enzymes; other glycosidases produced by these strains were predominantly cell bound except for extracellular beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases produced by the five S. faecalis strains. We conclude that certain Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus strains are numerically dominant populations degrading mucin oligosaccharides in the human colon due to their constitutive production of the requisite extracellular glycosidases including blood group antigen-specific alpha-glycosidases. These properties characterize them as a functionally distinct subpopulation of normal human enteric microflora comprised of specialized subsets that produce blood group H antigen-degrading glycosidases alone or together with either blood group A- or B-degrading glycosidases.
On security level usage in context-aware role-based access control (2016)

Huge contemporary trend is adding context awareness into software applications. It allows both better user experience as well as a lot useful features for application owner. Nowadays, there are various approaches enabling particular context awareness but none of them concerns security. We tackle this problem and describe it further in the paper. Our solution extends role based access control with certain context awareness elements. Based on already existing solutions we propose own lightweight, universal solutions, which allows instant enhancement of current RBAC even in existing applications. The uniqueness of our solution is based on using security levels, which are granted to user based on his context. Security levels represents how the users can be trusted and are determined during users login procedure. The levels are used as additional security constrain so to access resources in application user need to have not only right permission granted through roles, but also to have corresponding level.
Gallic Acid Potentiates the Antimicrobial Activity of Tulathromycin Against Two Key Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Causing-Pathogens (2019)

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common infectious disease in dairy and beef cattle. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and causes a huge economic loss each year. In western Canada, a one-time injection of tulathromycin is commonly used as a metaphylactic procedure to reduce BRD incidence and eliminate potential BRD outbreak. With increased global concern on antimicrobial usage in dairy and beef products and bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, it is important to develop a novel strategy to eliminate the usage or decrease the dosage of antimicrobials. In this study, we showed that gallic acid was active against both <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> and <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>, two key BRD associated-pathogens, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measured at 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Co-administration of tulathromycin and gallic acid exhibited a strong additive or weak synergistic effect toward both <i>M. haemolytic</i> and <i>P. multocida</i>. Tulathromycin, gallic acid and their combination were also effective against the mixed culture of <i>M. haemolytic</i> and <i>P. multocida</i>. Furthermore, we showed that pre-exposure to tulathromycin generated bacterial resistance to the antimicrobial in <i>M. haemolytica</i> but not in <i>P. multocida</i>.
NK cells can generate from precursors in the adult human liver (2011)

Hepatic NK cells constitute ≈ 40% of hepatic lymphocytes and are phenotypically and functionally distinct from blood NK cells. Whether hepatic NK cells derive from precursors in the BM or develop locally from hepatic progenitors is still unknown. Here, we identify all five known sequential stages of NK-cell development in the adult human liver and demonstrate that CD34(+) hepatic progenitors can generate functional NK cells. While early NK-cell precursors (NKPs) were similar in liver and blood, hepatic stage 3 NKPs displayed immunophenotypical differences, suggesting the onset of a liver-specific NK-cell development. Hepatic stage 3 NKPs were RORC(neg) and did not produce IL-17 or IL-22, excluding them from the lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) subset. In vitro culture of hepatic NKPs gave rise to functional NK cells exhibiting strong cytotoxicity against K562 targets. To determine whether hepatic NKPs are stably residing in the liver, we analyzed donor and recipient-derived cells in transplanted livers. Shortly after liver transplantation all donor NKPs in liver grafts were replaced by recipient-derived ones, indicating that hepatic NKPs are recruited from the bloodstream. Together, our results show that NKPs are continuously recruited from peripheral blood into the liver and can potentially differentiate into liver-specific NK cells.
SOI MOSFETs with Buried Alumina: Thermal and Electrical Aspects (2004)

To improve thermal dissipation in silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (SOI MOSFETs), we recently proposed replacing the buried oxide with buried alumina, which offers higher thermal conductivity. However, because alumina is a high-k insulator, there is also a definite impact on the electrical properties, namely, coupling and short-channel effects. Our simulations show that the role of fringing fields is accentuated, leading to more severe drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL)-like problems. The trade-off between the thermal merit and the electrical performance of very advanced SOI transistors is examined by comparing various MOS architectures. We conclude on the usefulness of a ground plane located underneath a relatively thin buried alumina. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Soap‐based detergent formulations: XVIII. Effect of structure variations on surface‐active properties of sulfur containing amphoteric surfactants (1976)

Abstract Quaternary ammonium amphoteric surfactants have been found in the past to be excellent lime soap dispersing agents and detergents but exhibit unusual solubility behavior. In search of a relationship between chemical structure and surface‐active properties, compounds having the following general formula were synthesized: ZN + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) n X − , where Z is C 12 H 25 ‐, C 14 H 29 ‐, C 16 H 33 ‐, or C 15 H 31 CONHC 3 H 6 ‐, n is 2, 3, or 4 and X is SO 3 ‐ or OSO 3 ‐. Tertiary amines were converted to sulfobetaines (X=SO 3 ‐) by reaction with (a) butanesultone (n=4), (b) propanesultone (n=3), or (c) sodium 2‐bromoethanesulfonate (n=2). An alternate synthesis for the sulfoethylbetaines (n=2) involved the reaction of the tertiary amines with ethylene bromide, followed by treatment with sodium sulfite. All sulfated quaternary ammonium compounds (X=OSO 3 ‐) were synthesized by treatment of the tertiary amine with the appropriate chloroalcohol, followed by sulfation with chlorosulfonic acid. The sulfated quaternary ammonium amphoterics are stable to acid hydrolysis, and alkaline stability improves with increasing bridge chain length. Sulfoethyl amphoterics are less water soluble than sulfobutyl, which in turn are less soluble than sulfopropyl derivatives of the same alkyl chain length. For the most part, the sulfated amphoterics are insoluble but are solubilized by soap. The lime soap dispersing properties improve as the carbon chain bridge length increases for both the sulfates and sulfonates. Formulations of tallow soap, amphoteric surfactant, and sodium silicates gave good detergency in most cases.
The Synthesis of Novel Disorazoles (2010)

Big little brother: The simplified disorazole analogue 1 exhibits its cytotoxic activity at low nanomolar concentrations and provides selectivities not observed for the parent natural product.
[Mid-infrared atmosphere radiation transfer analytic model and remote sensing images simulation]. (2009)

In order to establish a complete set of simulation system for high-resolution mid-infrared remote sensing and provide a powerful reference for spacecraft design and related works, the importance of atmospheric radiative transfer simulation in this system was considered, and a reasonable and high precision imaging numerical simulation method was expected. Taking into account the characteristics of MIR, including scattering and thermal emission, terms of atmospheric radiative transfer were decomposed based on radiative transfer principle, and images of top of atmosphere (TOA) were simulated according to MODTRAN4 and look-up table method. Besides, adjacency effect caused by atmospheric scattering of neighboring pixels radiation was considered, and an extended point spread function in mid-infrared was coupled with analytical model of atmospheric radiative transfer to simulate TOA images. Finally, a preliminary test and simulation results show that the simulation model has better accuracy. If parameters of observation geometry and atmosphere were given and the land surface temperature/emissivity was determined, the calculation of pixel-level atmospheric radiative transfer was to be achieved.
Secure Storage with Replication and Transparent Deduplication (2018)

We seek to answer the following question: To what extent can we deduplicate replicated storage? To answer this question, we design ReDup, a secure storage system that provides users with strong integrity, reliability, and transparency guarantees about data that is outsourced at cloud storage providers. Users store multiple replicas of their data at different storage servers, and the data at each storage server is deduplicated across users. Remote data integrity mechanisms are used to check the integrity of replicas. We consider a strong adversarial model, in which collusions are allowed between storage servers and also between storage servers and dishonest users of the system. A cloud storage provider (CSP) could store less replicas than agreed upon by contract, unbeknownst to honest users. ReDup defends against such adversaries by making replica generation to be time consuming so that a dishonest CSP cannot generate replicas on the fly when challenged by the users.
Analysis of glucagon-receptor interactions on isolated canine hepatocytes. Formation of reversibly and irreversibly cell-associated hormone. (1990)

We have investigated the interactions of ligand with the canine hepatic glucagon receptor. Whereas time courses for radiolabeled glucagon binding to receptor and dissociation from receptor revealed fast and slow components at both 30 and 4 degrees C, time courses of ligand dissociation revealed a third component of irreversibly cell-associated (nondissociable) ligand only at the higher temperature. Related experiments identified that (a) the initial rate of formation of nondissociable ligand was slower than that of dissociably bound hormone; (b) the fraction of ligand bound to nondissociable sites achieved a plateau during extended incubations, whereas that bound to dissociable sites was seen to rise and then slowly to fall; (c) the kinetics of formation of a nondissociable ligand was consistent with linked, sequential reactions; (d) dissociable ligand-receptor complexes formed at 4 degrees C were converted to nondissociable complexes during subsequent incubation at 30 degrees C, and (e) nondissociable sites were filled by prior incubation of cells with unlabeled ligand. Analysis of receptor-bound hormone resulting from the incubation of cells with 125I-labeled glucagon and selected concentrations of either glucagon or [[127I]iodo-Tyr10]glucagon at steady state revealed in each case four components of receptor-bound ligand: those corresponding to high and low affinity components of dissociably bound ligand and to high and low affinity components of nondissociably bound ligand. Implications of these findings are considered in terms of mechanisms for the formation of irreversibly bound hormone and for the distribution of hormone among the various components of hepatic glucagon-binding sites.
Synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Its Photocatalytic Activity for H<sub>2</sub> Evolution (2008)

TiO2-derived nanotubes were prepared by hydrothermal treatment in 10 M NaOH(aq) by using commercially available TiO2 (Degussa P-25) as starting material. N2-adsorption/desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations of the obtained product revealed the formation of titanate nanotube structure with its diameter of about 10–20 nm. The effect of post-heat-treatment on the phase structure, morphology, specific surface area and photocatalytic activity was investigated. The TiO2 (B) nanotubes could be observed at post-heat-treatment of 300 °C. As post-heat-treatment was increased to 400 °C, the nanotubes began to transform into nanoparticles of anatase phase, producing a bi-crystalline mixture of TiO2 (B) nanotubes and anatase nanoparticles. Moreover, the particles changed into rutile phase through the post-heat-treatment at higher temperatures over 700 °C. The photocatalytic activity of prepared samples was evaluated with photocatalytic H2 evolution. The results showed that the TiO2-derived nanotubes treated at appropriate temperature exhibited high H2 evolution.
A fundamentally new approach to battery performance analysis using DFRA/sup TM//DPIS/sup TM/ technology (2002)

Digital Frequency Response Analysis (DFRA/sup TM/) combined with Discrete Frequency Immittance Spectroscopy (DFIS/sup TM/) provides an important new technique for evaluating battery performance parameters. The cell/battery is excited with a periodic current, and its complex impedance Z (or admittance Y) is determined at the excitation's fundamental frequency using DFRA/sup TM/ By measuring complex Z (or Y) at n discrete frequencies, and combining the 2n measured quantities using DFIS/sup TM/, the technique evaluates elements of a unique 2n-element equivalent circuit model of the cell/battery. The 2n element values contain virtually the same information as the continuous Z (or Y) spectrum expressed over a wide frequency range. In addition, the elements themselves represent actual physical and/or electrochemical processes occurring within the cell/battery. Accordingly, their values yield potentially useful new information concerning cell/battery performance.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). (1999)

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause aerosacculitis, polyserositis, septicemia and other mainly extraintestinal diseases in chickens, turkeys and other avian species. APEC are found in the intestinal microflora of healthy birds and most of the diseases associated with them are secondary to environmental and host predisposing factors. APEC isolates commonly belong to certain serogroups, O1, O2 and O78, and to a restricted number of clones. Several experimental models have been developed, permitting a more reliable evaluation of the pathogenicity of E. coli for chickens and turkeys. Hence, virulence factors identified on APEC are adhesins such as the F1 and P fimbriae, and curli, the aerobactin iron sequestering system, K1 capsule, temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh), resistance to the bactericidal effects of serum and cytotoxic effects. Experimental infection studies have shown that the air-exchange regions of the lung and the airsacs are important sites of entry of E. coli into the bloodstream of birds during the initial stages of infection and that resistance to phagocytosis may be an important mechanism in the development of the disease. They have also demonstrated that F1 fimbriae are expressed in the respiratory tract, whereas P fimbriae are expressed in the internal organs of infected chickens. The role of these fimbrial adhesins in the development of disease is not yet, however, fully understood. The more recent use of genetic approaches for the identification of new virulence factors will greatly enhance our knowledge of APEC pathogenic mechanisms. Diagnosis of APEC infections is based on the clinical picture, lesions and isolation of E. coli. This may be strengthened by serotyping and identification of virulence factors using immunological or molecular methods such as DNA probes and PCR. Approaches for the prevention and control of APEC infections include the control of environmental contamination and environmental parameters such as humidity and ventilation. Antibiotherapy is widely used, although APEC are frequently resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. Vaccines containing killed or attenuated virulent bacteria protect against infection with the homologous strain but are less efficient against heterologous strains. Hence, vaccination for colibacillosis is not widely practised because of the large variety of serogroups involved in field outbreaks.
Complex permittivity of some ultralow loss dielectric crystals at cryogenic temperatures (1999)

Whispering gallery modes were used for very accurate permittivity and dielectric loss measurements of ultralow loss isotropic and uniaxially anisotropic single crystals. Several materials including sapphire, YAG, quartz, and SrLaAlO4 were measured. The total absolute uncertainty in the real part of permittivity tensor components was estimated to be ±0.1%, limited principally by the uncertainty in sample dimensions. Imaginary parts of permittivities were measured with uncertainties of about 10%, limited by the accuracy of Q-factor measurements of whispering gallery modes. It has been observed that, for most crystals, dielectric losses can be approximated by a power function of absolute temperature only in limited temperature ranges. At temperatures between 4-50 K, losses are often affected by impurities, which are always present in real crystals.
Preparation of Amyloid β‐Protein for Structural and Functional Studies (2006)

Amyloid proteins cause a number of progressive, degenerative diseases. Among these is Alzheimer's disease (AD), the etiology of which is linked to the formation of neurotoxic assemblies by the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta). The clinical importance of AD has stimulated intense interest in the mechanisms of Abeta folding and self-assembly. Studying these phenomena in vitro requires the preparation of Abeta peptide stocks that are well defined and display reproducible biophysical and biological behaviors. Unfortunately, the propensity of Abeta to self-assemble has made this goal difficult. I discuss here a biphasic strategy for preparing Abeta for structural and functional studies. The strategy involves sodium hydroxide pretreatment of synthetic Abeta, followed by size fractionation procedures. This approach produces Abeta solutions that have been used successfully in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental systems.
A Brazilian Perspective (2014)

According to the Latin maxim “res inter alios acta … aliis nec nocet nec prodest,” whatever is agreed among certain parties neither benefits nor harms non-parties to the treaty. Nothing could be less apropos to qualify the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), initially discussed among just a few parties. When the final text emerged in late 2012, it became obvious that the nations excluded from the negotiating process might well end up being harmed by the agreement, or at least not benefiting from it in any significant way.
Rotors and the Dynamics of Cardiac Fibrillation (2013)

The objective of this article is to present a broad review of the role of cardiac electric rotors and their accompanying spiral waves in the mechanism of cardiac fibrillation. At the outset, we present a brief historical overview regarding reentry and then discuss the basic concepts and terminologies pertaining to rotors and their initiation. Thereafter, the intrinsic properties of rotors and spiral waves, including phase singularities, wavefront curvature, and dominant frequency maps, are discussed. The implications of rotor dynamics for the spatiotemporal organization of fibrillation, independent of the species being studied, are described next. The knowledge gained regarding the role of cardiac structure in the initiation or maintenance of rotors and the ionic bases of spiral waves in the past 2 decades, as well as the significance for drug therapy, is reviewed subsequently. We conclude by examining recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation.