gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Quantitation of the Rice Aroma Compound, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, in Bread Flowers (<i>Vallaris glabra </i>Ktze) (2002)

The aroma impact compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), has been identified for the first time in headspace of fresh bread flowers (Vallaris glabra Ktze) in which volatile components were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) at room temperature prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 50 volatiles were detected. Among these, 23 volatiles were identified, predominantly in a group of terpenes. More volatiles were found in the extract of fresh bread flowers obtained by continuous steam distillation and solvent extraction (SDS). Of the 40 volatiles identified, the additional components were mainly straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons. 2AP was found in the extracts obtained by both SPME (0.37%) and SDS (2.71% relative proportion). Quantitative analyses of 2AP in bread flowers and other plant materials were performed by solvent extraction employing acidic solutions and capillary GC with flame ionization detection. The highest concentration of 2AP was found in dried flowers of V. glabra at 26.1 mg/kg. By comparison with other plant sources, fresh leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb contain 2AP at 10.3 mg/kg and Thai fragrant rice, Khao Dawk Mali 105, at 3.0 mg/kg.
Low-temperature plasma-deposited silicon epitaxial films: Growth and properties (2014)

Low-temperature (≤200 °C) epitaxial growth yields precise thickness, doping, and thermal-budget control, which enables advanced-design semiconductor devices. In this paper, we use plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to grow homo-epitaxial layers and study the different growth modes on crystalline silicon substrates. In particular, we determine the conditions leading to epitaxial growth in light of a model that depends only on the silane concentration in the plasma and the mean free path length of surface adatoms. For such growth, we show that the presence of a persistent defective interface layer between the crystalline silicon substrate and the epitaxial layer stems not only from the growth conditions but also from unintentional contamination of the reactor. Based on our findings, we determine the plasma conditions to grow high-quality bulk epitaxial films and propose a two-step growth process to obtain device-grade material.
Catalog of Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis of Gases (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalog of Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis of GasesR. H. Pierson, A. N. Fletcher, and E. St. Clair. GantzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 8, 1218–1239Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60116a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60116a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views832Altmetric-Citations251LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed in-network cooperative caching (2012)

Named Data Networking (NDN) featuring in-network caching capability is a large effort that exemplifies information-centric approach to networking by shifting emphasis from hosts to data so as to meet growing demand on content. This work explores a scheme that enables a NDN domain to make full use of its in-network caches to enhance its performance, availability, and reliability. Currently, each NDN router independently determines what contents to cache and is unaware of content cached in nearby routers and thus their caches are not utilized in an efficient way. This paper proposes to have routers in a NDN domain share cached data and coordinate to make caching decisions (which is dubbed in-network cooperative caching) and formulates it into a constrained optimization problem. The Lagrangian relaxation and primal-dual decomposition method is applied to decompose the optimization problem into object placement subproblems and object locating subproblems, each of which can be solved in a distributed manner at each router, such that the in-network cooperative caching is addressed in a distributed way. Our simulation results, although preliminary, suggest that our scheme can benefit users, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) as well as content servers, and the improvement can be as much as 88% compared to current NDN caching policy.
ROMANO-BRITISH GLASS BANGLES (1976)

The classification, distribution and date of these bangles are discussed and a further section deals with the techniques of manufacture and source, including the results of technical studies. -- AATA
Fermented Canadian lowbush blueberry juice stimulates glucose uptake and AMP-activated protein kinase in insulin-sensitive cultured muscle cells and adipocytesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products. (2007)

Extracts of the Canadian lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) have recently been demonstrated to possess significant antidiabetic potential, in accordance with the traditional use of this plant as an antidiabetic natural health product. Fermentation of blueberry juice with the Serratia vaccinii bacterium is known to modify the phenolic content and increase antioxidant activity. The present study evaluated the effects of fermented blueberry juice on glucose uptake, adipogenesis, and the signaling pathways that regulate glucose transport in muscle cells and adipocytes. A 6-hour treatment with fermented juice potentiated glucose uptake by 48% in C2C12 myotubes and by 142% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in the presence or absence of insulin, whereas nonfermented juice had no effect on transport. Fermented juice dramatically inhibited triglyceride content during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Chlorogenic acid and gallic acid, both major phenolic components of fermented juice, had no effect on glucose uptake. Western blot analysis of the insulin-independent AMP-activated protein kinase revealed increased phosphorylation resulting from a 6-hour treatment. This activation or the increase in glucose uptake could not be explained by increased cytosolic calcium. Fermentation with S. vaccinii is concluded to confer antidiabetic activities to blueberry juice. Although the active principles and their mechanisms of action remain to be identified, transformed blueberry juice may nevertheless represent a novel complementary therapy and a source of novel therapeutic agents against diabetes mellitus.
Angiography of the internal mammary artery via the contralateral brachial artery (1987)

A new technique for angiography of the contralateral internal mammary artery via the brachial artery approach is described. A Simmons (sidewinder) catheter is maneuvered into the ascending aorta and is rotated as to assume its performed shape. The catheter is advanced into the contralateral subclavian artery beyond the internal mammary artery. With the aid of an exchange wire, the Simmons catheter is replaced with a preformed internal mammary angiographic catheter. The internal mammary artery is cannulated, and angiography is performed. Fifty patients were successfully studied by means of this technique without incident. In 20 cases, the ipsilateral internal mammary artery was subsequently visualized. Brachial angiographers may prefer to add this technique to their repertoire.
Electrode-electrolyte Interface Impedance: The Limit Current Of Linearity (2005)

The nonlinearity of the electrodeelectrolyte interface impedance is investigated. An expression for the “limit current of linearity” is derived using basic electrochemical formulae and a simple equivalent circuit model. The derived expression compares favourably with that experimentally observed and reported in the literature.
Effects of cold storage of germinated vegetable seeds prior to fluid drilling on emergence and yield of field crops (1981)

SUMMARY Germinated seeds of five vegetable crops were stored at 1 °C in aerated water or humid air for periods of up to 15 days and then fluid drilled in the field. Viability of germinated seed was maintained in carrot and parsnip for a minimum of 15 days, salad onion for 9 days, lettuce for 6 days and cabbage for 3 days. When salad onion, lettuce and cabbage seeds were stored for longer than these times there was a reduction in the number of seedlings emerging. In species where storing seeds for up to 15 days caused a reduction in emergence an adjustment to the seed rate related to the length of storage can be made to achieve the desired population and still retain the advantages of fluid drilling pre‐germinated seeds. This is possible because with one exception (an increase in the variation of salad onion stem diameters) the performance of plants from all stored germinated seeds after emergence was similar to plants from freshly germinated seeds.
Learning a single active face shape model across views (2003)

An algorithm is described for modelling and recovering the shape of a face varying from the left to the right profile views. The method is based on a multi-view nonlinear model that utilises 2D view-dependent context without explicit reference to 3D structures. The model can cope with large nonlinear shape variations and inconsistent facial feature landmarks between wide varying views. For nonlinear model transformation, we adopt Kernel PCA based on the concept of support vector machines.
Invariant acoustic correlates of phonetic features and their potential role in speech perception (1981)

A version of the theory of acoustic invariance states that are invariant acoustic correlates of each phonetic feature, independent of the context in which the feature appears. Examples from a number of features are given to show that, if the appropriate acoustic attribute is defined for each feature, there is indeed a high degree of acoustic invariance for the feature. The implications of such a theory for models of language acquisition and speech perception are discussed. It is suggested that a realistic model of speech perception must have the capability to identify lexical items both through the extraction of a pattern of invariant acoustic attributes for individual features in the matrix that defines the item and, in situations where these attributes are obscured, through the use of secondary, context-dependent cues. [Supported in part by a grant from NINCDS.]
Digital image analysis improves precision of <scp>PD</scp>‐L1 scoring in cutaneous melanoma (2018)

Digital evaluation of PD-L1 reduces scoring variability and may facilitate patient stratification in clinical practice.
4. sdpsol: A Parser/Solver for Semidefinite Programs with Matrix Structure (2000)

4.1 Introduction This chapter describes a parser/solver for a class of linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems, the so-called max-det problems. A variety of analysis and design problems in control, communication and information theory, statistics, combinatorial optimization, computational geometry, circuit design, and other fields can be expressed as semidefinite program (SDP) problems or determinant maximization problems (max-det problems). These problems often have matrix structure, which has two important practical ramifications: First, it makes the job of translating the problem into a standard SDP or max-det format tedious, and, second, it opens the possibility of exploiting the structure to speed up the computation. In this chapter, we describe the design and implementation of sdpsol, a parser/solver for SDPs and max-det problems, sdpsol allows problems with matrix structure to be described in a simple, natural, and convenient way. Moreover, it allows algorithms to exploit problem structure to gain efficiency. Although the current implementation of sdpsol exploits only block-diagonal structure in the solution algorithm, the language and parser were designed with exploiting general matrix structure in mind.
The Potential for Waste‐Derived Materials to Form Soil Covers for the Restoration of Mine Tailings in Ireland (2015)

Abstract Revegetation of mine tailings sites can require significant amounts of topsoil, the sourcing of which can be costly and have detrimental impacts. To address this problem at an Irish mine tailings site, engineered soils were created by mixing varying rates of glacial till with stockpiled peat and compost. Soil status was assessed using a range of soil parameters and vegetation growth characteristics and compared with locally sourced topsoil. Hordeum vulgare (Barley) germination and growth trials were assessed on engineered soils: compost with glacial till, peat with glacial till, compost/ peat with glacial till and topsoil. A range of soil quality parameters were examined including: nutrient status, dehydrogenase activity, metals availability and physical characteristics (bulk/particle density and porosity). Results demonstrate that compost derived soils yielded superior plant biomass and nutrient content, whilst peat derived treatments exhibited nutrient deficiency. Whilst the engineered soils offer potential as an alternative to sourcing topsoil for covering mine tailings, the phosphorus and metal content of composts should be assessed prior to inclusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multipath Fading Models and Adaptive Equalizers in Microwave Digital Radio (1984)

In the past few years, a great deal has been learned about the modeling and equalization of multipath fading in microwave digital radio systems. This paper adds a number of new results to this body of knowledge. We begin with a description of two published multipath fading models that were derived from the same collection of data, i.e., the threepath and polynomial models. We then derive outage probability characteristics for a digital radio link using <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -level quadrature amplitude modulation, cosine rolloff spectral shaping, and some form of equalization. We obtain results for both models, several kinds of equalization, and various combinations of system parameters. We find that the theoretically optimal equalizer, which is nonlinear, is not measurably better in performance than the best of the linear equalizers, which is simpler. Also, the performance of a properly equalized receiver can be very accurately estimated by knowing just the probability distribution, over many fades, of the gain amplitude at a single frequency. Finally, we show the influences on performance of such parameters as cosine rolloff factor, symbol rate, and unfaded carrier-to-noise ratio.
Eco-physiology of autotrophic nitrifying biofilms (2005)

Microautoradiography combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH), a powerful tool for linking physiology with identification of individual cells, was applied to investigate microbial interactions between nitrifying bacteria and coexisting heterotrophic bacteria in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm community fed with only ammonia as the sole energy source and bicarbonate as the sole carbon source. First, nitrifying bacteria were radiolabeled by culturing the biofilm samples with [14C]bicarbonate for 6 h, and then the transfer of radioactivity from nitrifying bacteria to heterotrophic bacteria was monitored by using MAR-FISH. MAR-FISH revealed that the heterotrophic bacterial community was composed of bacteria that were phylogenetically and metabolically diverse. We could obtain direct evidence that organic matter derived from nitrifiers was subsequently utilized by mainly filamentous bacteria belonging to the Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur bacteria) group or CFB group in the biofilm, which was clearly visualized by MAR-FISH at single cell resolution for the first time. On the other hand, the members of the α- and γ-Proteobacteria were specialized to utilize low-molecular-weight organic matter. This community represents functionally integrated units that assure maximum access to and utilization of metabolites of nitrifiers.
Total Synthesis in Search of Potent Antibody–Drug Conjugate Payloads. From the Fundamentals to the Translational (2018)

The emergence and evolution of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as targeted cancer therapies in recent years is a living example of the "magic bullet" concept of Paul Ehrlich, introduced by him more than a century ago. Consisting of three components, the antibody serving as the delivery system, the payload drug that kills the cancer cell, and the chemical linker through which the payload is attached to the antibody, ADCs represent a currently hotly pursued paradigm of targeted cancer therapies. While the needed monoclonal antibody falls in the domains of biology and biochemistry, the potent payload and the linker belong to the realm of chemistry. Naturally occurring molecules and their derivatives endowed with high cytotoxic properties have proven to be useful payloads for the first approved ADCs (i.e., Mylotarg, Adcetris, Kadcyla, and Besponsa). The latest approaches and intensifying activities in this new paradigm of cancer therapy demands a variety of payloads with different mechanisms of action in order to address the medical needs for the various types of cancers, challenging synthetic organic chemists to enrich the library of potential payloads. Total synthesis of natural and designed molecules not only provides a powerful avenue to replicate rare naturally occurring compounds in the laboratory but also offers a unique opportunity to rationally design and synthesize analogues thereof for biological evaluation and optimization of ADC payloads. In this Account, we describe our efforts in this area highlighting a number of total synthesis endeavors through which we rendered scarce naturally occurring molecules readily available for biological evaluations and, most importantly, employed the developed synthetic strategies and methods to construct, otherwise unavailable or difficult to reach, designed analogues of these molecules. Specifically, we summarize the total syntheses of natural and designed molecules of the calicheamicin, uncialamycin, tubulysin, trioxacarcin, epothilone, shishijimicin, namenamicin, thailanstatin, and disorazole families of compounds and demonstrate how these studies led to the discovery of analogues of higher potencies, yet some of them possessing lower complexities than their parent compounds as potential ADC payloads. The highlighted examples showcase the continuing impact of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues on modern medicine, including the so-called biologics and should prove useful and inspirational in advancing both the fields of total synthesis and biomedical research and the drug discovery and development process.
An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrano- and Furoquinolines Employing Two Reusable Solid Acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts (2004)

Two solid acids, Fe3+-K-10 montmorillonite clay and HY-zeolite have been employed efficiently for single-step synthesis of pyrano- or furoquinolines in high yields and high diastereoselectivities by coupling of three components: anilines, benzaldehydes and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or 2,3-dihydrofuran. Both the heterogeneous catalysts are recoverable and recyclable.
Primitive interleukin 3 null hematopoietic cells transduced with BCR-ABL show accelerated loss after culture of factor-independence in vitro and leukemogenic activity in vivo (2002)

Primitive chronic myeloid leukemia cells display a unique autocrine interleukin 3 (IL-3)/granulocyte-colony-stimluating factor (G-CSF) mechanism that may explain their abnormal proliferation and differentiation control. Here we show that BCR-ABL transduction of primitive Sca-1(+) lin(-) mouse bone marrow (BM) cells causes immediate activation of IL-3, G-CSF, and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in these cells. Their autocrine IL-3-mediated growth dependence is thus demonstrable only in clonal cultures where paracrine effects are reduced. Interestingly, upon continued culture, these cells produce large populations of rapidly proliferating mast cells in which only the IL-3 autocrine mechanism is consistently maintained, together with evidence of hyperphosphorylation of p210(BCR-ABL) and STAT5 and retention of a multilineage but attenuated in vivo leukemogenic potential characterized by a prolonged latency. BCR-ABL transduction of IL-3(-/-) Sca-1(+) lin(-) BM cells initially activates GM-CSF and G-CSF production, factor independence, and the ability to generate phenotypically indistinguishable populations of mast cells. However, maintenance of factor independence, and p210(BCR-ABL) and STAT 5 activation beyond 4 to 6 weeks, requires rescue with an IL-3 transgene. The cultured BCR-ABL-transduced IL-3(-/-) cells also lack leukemogenic activity in vivo. These findings provide new evidence that IL-3 production is a rapid, sustained, and biologically relevant consequence of BCR-ABL expression in primitive hematopoietic cells with multilineage leukemogenic activity.
Stored media synchronization in PHS Internet access (2002)

This paper presents measured performance of stored media synchronization under the slide control in PHS Internet access. A simple experimental system was developed for the transmission of H.263 video and G.726 audio from a media server to PHS mobile terminals. An ARQ technique specified by the PHS Internet Access Forum and the UDP protocol are used in the experiment. We made measurements of various performance measures including mean square error of media synchronization, coefficient of variation of output interval and loss rate. We examined the effects of Rayleigh fading in the PHS channels and the data load in the Internet on the media synchronization quality.
Mechanistic Manifold and New Developments of the Julia–Kocienski Reaction (2009)

Abstract The Julia–Kocienski reaction has become indispensable in the synthetic organic chemist's olefination toolbox. Although the stereochemical outcome of the transformation is sometimes difficult to predict, some trends can be explained by an array of mechanistic hypotheses which have been put forward since the initial disclosure of the reaction. Moreover, several important developments have been recently reported and are summarised in this microreview. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)