gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome: a novel case series and systematic review (2015)

Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS) is a rare, often benign, autosomal skin disorder. BOS commonly presents with nontender connective tissue naevi and sclerotic bony lesions (osteopoikilosis [OPK]). Herein, we summarize the presenting features of BOS and potential associations by conducting a systematic review of the literature and summarizing a cohort seen at the Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, Canada. PubMed was searched using the following terms: 'BOS'; 'dermatofibrosis lenticularis'; 'OPK'; 'LEMD3'; 'elastoma'; 'collagenoma'. Only case reports were included, without date or language restrictions. Cases were further narrowed to those where patients or their families had a combination of skin and bony lesions, or a positive genetic test. Data were summarized using frequencies. In total, 594 reports were discovered, of which 546 (92%) were excluded. The remaining 48 accounted for 164 cases. Skin lesions were noted in 24% of cases and bony lesions in 20%, while 54% of patients had both. In 1% of cases the diagnosis was made on genetic testing alone. A family history was noted in 92% of cases. All patients with spinal stenosis (2%) or shortened status (7%) had OPK. Six per cent of patients had neurological problems. However, 50% of the cohort from HSC had cognitive delays, and only cases from 2007 onwards reported cognitive delays (the prevalence was 17% among those cases). This review confirms the classical diagnostic features of BOS. In addition, it highlights a previously unreported association between a shortened stature and OPK, as well as a possible association with cognitive delays.
Novel small form factor optical ribbon fiber connector for singlemode applications (2005)

We present the concept of a new type of small form factor singlemode ribbon connection for up to 12 optical fibers which achieves a mean insertion loss below 0.2 dB and a return loss above 60 dB. The system consists of two connectors, which terminate the ribbon cable ends and an adapter, which hosts an alignment element. In contrast to MT-ferrule based connectors, the fibers are neither fully fixed inside a ferrule, nor mechanically polished. Within the connector, the ribbon ends are decoated over a length of few millimeters and attached to a ceramic carrier. The fibers are glued to the carrier at the transition between the coated and decoated zone while the tips are aligned to the front edge of the carrier. In the intermediate region, which is used for the alignment, the uncoated fibers are lying unconfined on the flat carrier surface. The adapter consists of contours, which guide and pre-align the fiber carriers upon insertion of the connectors. A controlled movement assures that the fibers are sliding smoothly into v-groove alignment structures which are part of the adapter. When both connectors are fully inserted, the fiber pairs are in physical contact under a defined pressure. Since each individual mating fiber pair is centered within a common v-groove, a mean insertion loss below 0.2 dB with maximum loss values below 0.4 dB for singlemode connections has been achieved. The lateral flexibility of uncoated part of the fibers allows for a compensation of positioning errors in the order of /spl plusmn/20 /spl mu/m. Flatness tolerances of the bearing surface are compensated by use of a thin flexible membrane, which guarantees the perfect fit of the fibers in the v-grooves. For optimum mating contact and high return loss, an endface flatness in the core area below 50 nm and a length uniformity of the fibers of /spl plusmn/2/spl mu/m is required. These goals are met by employing a high precision laser cleaving process. We report measured return loss values in the order of 70 dB, The presented prototype serves as the base for the development of Huber+Suhner's new singlemode and multimode ribbon connector called FiberBus.
Learning consistent, interactive, and meaningful task-action mappings: A computational model (1996)

Within the field of human-computer interaction, the study of the interaction between people and computers has revealed many phenomena. For example, highly interactive devices, such as the Apple Macintosh, are often easier to learn and use than keyboard-based devices such as Unix. Similarly, consistent interfaces are easier to learn and use than inconsistent ones. This article describes an integrated cognitive model designed to exhibit a range of these phenomena while learning task-action mappings: action sequences for achieving simple goals, such as opening a file in a word processor. The model, called TAL, is of a user who is familiar with the basic operations of a keyboard and mouse, but unfamiliar with the particular menu structures, words, and actions required to use the device. The model is constructed in Soar and employs a single set of architectural mechanisms. It exhibits behavior that captures human preference for consistent, interactive, and meaningful task-action mappings.
Isotopic Composition of Molybdenum and Barium in Single Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains of Type A+B (2003)

Presolar SiC grains fall into several groups based on C, N, and Si isotopic compositions. Approximately 93% are defined as mainstream, having 10 less than C-12/C-13 less than 100 and N-14/N-15 ranging from 50 to 20,000. A number of studies have shown that the most likely sources of mainstream grains are low mass asymptotic giant branch stars. Models of nucleosynthesis in AGB stars reproduce the s-process enhancements seen in the heavy elements in mainstream SiC grains. Among the less common grains, A+B grains, which comprise approximately 3-4% of presolar SiC, are perhaps the least well understood. Recent studies by Amari et al. show that A+B grains can be divided into at least 4 groups based on their trace element concentration patterns. Of 20 grains studied, 7 showed trace element patterns consistent with condensation from a gas of solar system composition, while the rest had varying degrees of process enhancements. Our previous measurements on 3 A+B grains showed Mo of solar isotopic composition, but Zr with a strong enhancement in 96Zr, which is an r-process isotope but can be made in an sprocess if the neutron density is high enough to bridge the unstable Zr-95 (T(sub 1/2)= 64 d). The observation of Mo with solar system isotopic composition in the same grains is puzzling however. Meyer et al. have recently shown that a neutron burst mechanism can produce a high Zr-96/Zr-94 without enhancing Mo-100, however this model leads to enhancements in Mo-95 and Mo-97 not observed in A+B grains. We report here results of Mo measurements on 7 additional A+B grains, and Ba measurements on 2 A+B grains, and compare these to the previous studies.
An Efficient <i>N</i>‐Arylation of Heterocycles with Aryl‐, Heteroaryl‐, and Vinylboronic Acids Catalyzed by Copper Fluorapatite (2010)

Abstract N ‐Arylation of N‐containing heterocycles, such as pyrazoles, imidazoles, and benzimidazoles with aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, and vinylboronic acids was efficiently carried out by copper fluorapatite (CuFAP) catalyst in MeOH at room temperature under base‐free conditions. The N‐ arylated heterocycles were isolated in good‐to‐excellent yields.
Protection of Motor from Switching Surge by Vacuum Switch (1974)

A way of surge suppression by a reactor is presented for the protection of turn-to-turn insulation of motors from steep front surges produced by vacuum switch. In the first part of this paper, the construction and the functions of the reactor are explained. Discussions are given on the possibilities of turn-to-turn faults by the switching surges under the effect of the reactor, taking voltage distribution in motor winding into account. The result is expressed as the probability of turn-to-turn fault per switching operation for a given circuit condition. Examples of numerical evaluation of probability are obtained for a circuit breaker with average chopping current of 4A and for a contactor with average chopping current of 1 A.
A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Pilot Dose‐Finding Study of Maca Root (L. Meyenii) for the Management of SSRI‐Induced Sexual Dysfunction (2008)

We sought to determine whether maca, a Peruvian plant, is effective for selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced sexual dysfunction. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, parallel group dose-finding pilot study comparing a low-dose (1.5 g/day) to a high-dose (3.0 g/day) maca regimen in 20 remitted depressed outpatients (mean age 36+/-13 years; 17 women) with SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and the Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Function Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) were used to measure sexual dysfunction. Ten subjects completed the study, and 16 subjects (9 on 3.0 g/day; 7 on 1.5 g/day) were eligible for intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses on the basis of having had at least one postbaseline visit. ITT subjects on 3.0 g/day maca had a significant improvement in ASEX (from 22.8+/-3.8 to 16.9+/-6.2; z=-2.20, P=0.028) and in MGH-SFQ scores (from 24.1+/-1.9 to 17.0+/-5.7; z=-2.39, P=0.017), but subjects on 1.5 g/day maca did not. Libido improved significantly (P<0.05) for the ITT and completer groups based on ASEX item #1, but not by dosing groups. Maca was well tolerated. Maca root may alleviate SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, and there may be a dose-related effect. Maca may also have a beneficial effect on libido.
A Permanent Magnet Circuit Design Primer. (1996)

Abstract : The advent of rare-earth permanent magnets (REPM) has brought the realization of novel magnetic structures that are not practicable otherwise. So different are these remarkable materials from the earlier magnets that conventional design wisdom is inadequate to fully exploit their unique characteristics. Indeed, the conventional wisdom can lead to error or to the employment of cumbersome procedures that are quite unnecessary for REPM's. The salutary characteristics stem from two basic attributes of rare earth materials: (1) large intrinsic moments per unit volume, and (2) extraordinarily high resistance to demagnetization by external or internal demagnetization fields. The approaches to magnetic design fall into four broad main types: (1) analogy of magnetic configurations to electrical circuits, (2) analytical solutions through Maxwell's equations, (3) reduction of permanent magnet arrays to distributions of pole densities or current sheets and inserting these distributions into Coulomb's law or the Biot-Savart law, and (4) brute-force computer solution of a tentative configuration (via two- or three-dimensional finite element analysis). We discuss all these approaches and employ them to solve illustrative examples.
The Excuse of Rain / Con la excusa de que lloveria (2006)

The Excuse of Rain / Con la excusa de que llovería Holly Jones Translated by Jorge R. Sagastume The Excuse of Rain The day was gray andI moved closerwith the excuse of rain.You were holding a black umbrellaand looked at me with a freshnessyou had not intended. I wanted to move closer,but our positions required usto shake hands in certain companyand pretend unfamiliarity. By 10 a.m. we fled to the Village –New York spread out before us,no one of company to witnessour smiles. It was on 4th streetwhere I wanted to kissyour linear, slim, pale lips.We had left the umbrella at the caféin some long forgotten cornerof unforgettable longingon Mercer Street. We exchanged glancesinstead of kissesin a constant silencethat still surrounds me. That afternoon openedwithin the humidity of doubt,and brought a damp possibility,but the sun appeared...and I no longer hadthe excuse of rain. [End Page 54] Con la excusa de que llovería El día estaba grisme acerquécon la excusa de que llovería.Sostenías un paraguas negroy me miraste con una frescurano planeada. Quise acercarme más,pero nuestras posiciones exigíandarnos la mano ante cierta gentey pretender falta de familiaridad. Para las 10 de la mañana estábamos en el Village –Nueva York se desplegaba ante nosotros,nadie conocido que pudiese ser testigode nuestras sonrisas. Fue en la calle cuartacuando quise besartus lineales, delgados, pálidos labios.Habíamos dejado el paraguas en el caféen alguna olvidada esquinade inolvidable anhelosobre la calle Mercer. Intercambiamos miradasen lugar de besosen un permanente silencioque aún me envuelve. Aquella tarde comenzócon la humedad de la duda,y trajo una mojada posibilidad,pero apareció el sol . . .y ya no pude contarcon la excusa de que llovería. [End Page 55] Copyright © 2006 Dickinson College
Comparative study of afterpulsing behavior and models in single photon counting avalanche photo diode detectors (2018)

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors, have a great importance in fields like quantum key distribution, laser ranging, florescence microscopy, etc. Afterpulsing is a non-ideal behavior of SPADs that adversely affects any application that measures the number or timing of detection events. Several studies based on a few individual detectors, derived distinct mathematical models from semiconductor physics perspectives. With a consistent testing procedure and statistically large data sets, we show that different individual detectors - even if identical in type, make, brand, etc. - behave according to fundamentally different mathematical models. Thus, every detector must be characterized individually and it is wrong to draw universal conclusions about the physical meaning behind these models. We also report the presence of high-order afterpulses that are not accounted for in any of the standard models.
Sinemet CR in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease already on long-term treatment with levodopa. (1989)

The efficacy of controlled-release Sinemet was evaluated in a 52-week open trial involving 20 patients (14 men, 6 women; mean age 66 years, range 56 to 82) with idiopathic Parkinson's disease of 8 years' mean duration. The mean daily dosage of levodopa was 662.5 mg (200 to 1600 mg) on entering the study and 800 mg (200 to 2400 mg) after 52 weeks. The mean number of daily doses was reduced from 5.0 (2 to 16) at entry to 3.3 (1 to 6) after 52 weeks. Rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia were scored at 3 intervals during baseline and 8 intervals during the study on controlled-release levodopa. All parameters improved, with maximum improvement seen at week 12. Side effects were less frequent on the controlled-release preparation. After 5 months, 1 patient developed protracted dyskinesia with freezing episodes and end-of-dose deterioration on dose frequency reduction.
The Outlook for Water (1972)

In 1960, Wollman forecast for the Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources water supplies and uses for 22 water resource regions of the Nation.Briefly, Wollman's procedure was as follows.Major uses, referred to as requirements, were projected by region to the year 2020 based on extensions of contemporary economic trends for each region.Economic supply schedules for water were also developed for each region, based on the costs of development necessary to guarantee different levels of flow.Finally, the least cost combination of waste dilution flow and treatment of wastes required to maintain a specified level of dissolved oxygen was calculated for each region.The least cost solution was compared with maximum treatment-minimum flow and maximum flow-minimum treatment options.In 1971, Wollman in collaboration with Bonem revised the earlier study to correct an error' in the hydrologic input and to account for improvements in the other input data.The flow-storage relationships in the earlier study understated the required storage and costs of storage for relatively high levels of sustained flows.This understatement was especially important for the water-scarce regions of the West.In 1966 Lof and Hardison developed the hydrologic inputs for the present study.Also, the revision includes the results of further studies by Reid and associates of the flow requirements for alternative BOD waste loads and costs of treatment for alternative levels of BOD removal.In addition, the revised analysis includes an evaluation of the water recirculation rates required in steam-electric power generation to keep the water temperature in each region from increasing more than 5.4F.Further revisions include the following:1.The following minor errors were found by the Forecast Division of the National Water Commission in its use of the Wollman-Bonem model: (1) The Wollman-Bonem model assumed primary treatment of wastes discharged to estuaries, but in the model a treatment level between primary and secondary was used; (2) the factor allowing for increased efficiency over time was not included in calculating the manufacturing losses for textiles, leather, rubber and plastics, stone, clay and glass, lumber and wood, and other industries; and (3) the Y(m) factor in the BOD dilution flow equation did not vary with time-second equation 8, page 211; and Table D-21, page 219; page 178; and Table B-13, page 180 in the Wollman-Bonem study.
On the Fault Hypothesis for a Safety-Critical Real-Time System (2003)

A safety-critical real-time computer system must provide its services with a dependability that is much better than the dependability of any one of its constituent components. This challenging goal can only be achieved by the provision of fault tolerance. The design of any faulttolerant system proceeds in four distinct phases. In the first phase the fault hypothesis is shaped, i.e. assumptions are made about the types and numbers of faults that must be tolerated by the planned system. In the second phase an architecture is designed that tolerates the specified faults. In the third phase the architecture is implemented and the functions and fault-tolerance mechanisms are validated. Finally, in the fourth phase it has to be confirmed experimentally that the assumptions contained in the fault-hypothesis are met by reality. The first part of this contribution focuses on the establishment of a comprehensive fault hypothesis for safety-critical real-time computer systems. The size of the fault containment regions, the failure mode of the fault containment regions, the assumed frequency of the faults and the assumptions about error detection latency and error containment are discussed under the premise that in future a distributed system node is expected to be a system-on-a-chip (SOC). The second part of this contribution focuses on the implications that such a fault hypothesis will have on the future architecture of distributed safety-critical real-time computer systems in the automotive domain.
siRNA Conjugates Carrying Sequentially Assembled Trivalent <i>N-</i>Acetylgalactosamine Linked Through Nucleosides Elicit Robust Gene Silencing <i>In Vivo</i> in Hepatocytes (2015)

Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) mediated delivery of triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugated short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to hepatocytes is a promising paradigm for RNAi therapeutics. Robust and durable gene silencing upon subcutaneous administration at therapeutically acceptable dose levels resulted in the advancement of GalNAc-conjugated oligonucleotide-based drugs into preclinical and clinical developments. To systematically evaluate the effect of display and positioning of the GalNAc moiety within the siRNA duplex on ASGPR binding and RNAi activity, nucleotides carrying monovalent GalNAc were designed. Evaluation of clustered and dispersed incorporation of GalNAc units to the sense (S) strand indicated that sugar proximity is critical for ASGPR recognition, and location of the clustered ligand impacts the intrinsic potency of the siRNA. An array of nucleosidic GalNAc monomers resembling a trivalent ligand at or near the 3' end of the S strand retained in vitro and in vivo siRNA activity, similar to the parent conjugate design. This work demonstrates the utility of simple, nucleotide-based, cost-effective siRNA-GalNAc conjugation strategies.
Specific effects of glycosaminoglycans in an analog of extracellular matrix that delays wound contraction and induces regeneration (1994)

Previous studies have shown that a simple analog of extracellular matrix delays wound contraction and, if seeded with keratinocytes, inhibits scar synthesis by inducing partial regeneration of the dermis and the epidermis in full-thickness skin wounds in the guinea pig. The active extracellular matrix analog was selected from a large number of copolymers of type I collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate differing in average pore diameter and degradation rate. However, these previous studies did not provide information on the potential role of the glycosaminoglycan component of this collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix. The present study focuses on the effect of substitution of chondroitin-6-sulfate by other glycosaminoglycans or with the corresponding proteoglycans. The three substituents of chondroitin-6-sulfate studied were dermatan sulfate, decorin (a proteoglycan-containing dermatan sulfate chain), and aggrecan (a proteoglycan in which 90% of the glycosaminoglycan component was chondroitin-6-sulfate). Each test matrix was grafted on full-thickness skin wounds in the guinea pig, and the wound contraction kinetics were followed. Previous studies have strongly suggested that delay in onset of contraction is necessary for regeneration. Substitution of chondroitin-6-sulfate by either dermatan sulfate or decorin increased the delay in wound contraction by the greatest increment. However, the difference between substitution either by the dermatan sulfate chains or by the corresponding proteoglycan was not significant. Substitution of chondroitin-6-sulfate by aggrecan did not affect the activity of the extracellular matrix analog. These results suggest that the glycosaminoglycan component of the proteoglycan, rather than the protein core, is responsible for the increment of activity. It is speculated that the morphogenetic activity of the extracellular matrix analog resides in its putative ability to neutralize transforming growth factor-beta, leading thereby to downregulation of the inflammatory response in the wound bed.
Electrochemical Performance of a Layered-Spinel Integrated Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>2/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> as a High Capacity Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries (2015)

Li[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 was synthesized by a self-combustion reaction (SCR), characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy, and studied as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries at 30 °C and 45 °C. The structural studies by XRD and TEM confirmed monoclinic Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 phase as the major component, and rhombohedral (LiNiO2), spinel (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4), and rock salt Li0.2Mn0.2Ni0.5O as minor components. The content of the spinel phase increases upon cycling due to the layered-to-spinel phase transition occurring at high potentials. A high discharge capacity of about 220 mAh g–1 is obtained at low rate (C/10) with good capacity retention upon cycling. However, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 synthesized by SCR exhibits a discharge capacity of about 190 mAh g–1 in the potential range of 2.4–4.9 V, which decreases to a value of 150 mAh g–1 after 100 cycles. Because of the presence of the spinel component, Li[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 cathode material exhibits part of its capacity at potentials around 4.7 V. Thus, it can be considered as an interesting high-capacity and high-voltage cathode material for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. Also, the Li[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 electrodes exhibit better electrochemical stability than spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrodes when cycled at 45 °C.