gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal Welfare Assessment in Farm Assurance Schemes (2001)

Assuring the consumer on animal welfare is a key objective for many UK farm assurance schemes. This assurance is usually delivered by ensuring producers adhere to standards which define many aspects of animal husbandry. Assessors currently use welfare assessment as a tool to identify non-compliances with the minimum resources defined in the standard. However current assessments are based almost entirely on the provision of resources and management consistent with good welfare, they give little attention to the outcome, welfare state itself. We describe an approach to the development of a reliable scheme for the direct assessment of welfare state. Even if this cannot be used for routine farm visits it should be able to be used to audit the impact of existing schemes on animal welfare and develop improved protocols for future schemes. We suggest that these should give increased emphasis to the management of health and behaviour.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF OXALATE DISTRIBUTION IN RAT KIDNEY (1996)

These results indicate that in normal rats the injected 14C-oxalate remains in the renal papilla, especially in the extraluminal space, when nearly all oxalate was excreted by urine, and in hyperoxaluric rats 14C-oxalate exists there as calcium oxalate crystal or microlith.
Preparation of porous silicon/carbon microspheres as high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries (2015)

Porous silicon/carbon microspheres assembled with fine carbon particles and silicon nanoparticles show improved electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Favorite Sons: Obsolete Presidential Candidates (1964)

With the 1964 national nominating conventions slightly more than a year away, nationwide political attention will once again be focused upon the presidential sweepstakes race. Inasmuch as the party controlling the presidency, the "in-party," almost never discards an incumbent, the president is virtually assured renomination by the Democrats; consequently politicians in both parties and the American voters will be concerned chiefly with the selection of the Republican candidate. At this juncture it is impossible, of course, to predict flatly how many of the leading Republican contenders will openly toss their hats in the ring. But it is safe to assert now that no matter which candidate formally enters the race early next year, Republican organizations in several states, operating under a time-honored custom, will once again choose favorite son candidates to head their convention delegation. Unlike yesteryear, however, when favorite son candidates were frequently chosen as presidential candidates - and successfully elected - the favorite sons of 1964 and future presidential election years will not achieve the nomination prize. Why? It will be the purpose of this paper to show that the changing forces in the presidential nominating process - especially the growing influence of the presidential primaries since World War II - have for all practical purposes ruled out the possibility of a favorite son ever again winning the party nomination at the national convention.
A Review on Thermal Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery from Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs (2012)

Abstract Heavy oil in Middle East fractured carbonate reservoirs account for 25–30% of the total oil in place in the region. Production of heavy oil from such reservoirs is thought to play an important role in the future of the ever-growing world’s energy consumption in which Iran’s recoverable heavy oil is more than 85 billion barrels. The offshore Ferdows field in Iran is reportedly on the order of 30 billion barrels of oil and holds perhaps the greatest promise to add significant future carbonate heavy oil production within the region. With depletion of conventional petroleum reserves and increase of hydrocarbon fuel demand, there is no doubt that there will be a tremendous demand on the development of heavy oil reservoirs in the coming decades. Despite its strategic importance, recovery of heavy crude from fractured carbonate reservoirs has found limited applications due to the complexity of such reservoirs. As most of the oil is stored in matrix due to its higher storage capacity than fracture network, reservoir development plans will aim at maximizing the matrix oil recovery. For reservoirs with high recovery factor, minimizing matrix residual oil saturation is a critical issue to extend the life of the reservoir. For reservoirs with low recovery factor, accelerating the production rate is more vital. For each of these reservoir types, different Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods should be considered and implemented accordingly. In this study, a comprehensive review is conducted to figure out the feasibility of heavy oil recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs by use of Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam injection, In-Situ Combustion (ISC), Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), Vapor Extraction (VAPEX) and Expanding Solvent-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (ES-SAGD).
Single-stage converters for PV lighting systems with MPPT and energy backup (1999)

Single-stage converters (SSCs) are proposed for applications of photovoltaic powered lighting system (PPLS). The synchronous switch technique is employed to develop the SSCs which can fulfill maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery charging, discharging, and lamp ballasting features. Several typical SSCs are discussed. One of the proposed SSCs, which is the integration of a buck-boost charger/discharger and a class-D series resonant parallel loaded inverter, is analyzed and designed into a PPLS. Both pulsewidth modulation (PWM) and variable-frequency controls are used to govern the system operation. The controller is implemented on a single-chip microprocessor. Simulated and experimental results of the proposed system for driving up to sixteen GE TBX 26 W fluorescent lamps are used to verify the theoretical prediction and feasibility. The proposed system has a simple configuration, as well as a zero voltage switching (ZVS) feature, and can achieve the same functions as those in conventional systems when abrupt insolation changes do not occur frequently. These result in the inherent merits of lower cost, more compact size and possibly achieving higher reliability over conventional systems.
TRAINING FOOD SAFETY SCIENTISTS (2010)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTTRAINING FOOD SAFETY SCIENTISTSCOLLABORATION: Public-private partnership gets under way to teach U.S. practicesBRITT ERICKSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2010, 88, 22, 9Publication Date (Print):May 31, 2010Publication History Published online20 March 2011Published inissue 31 May 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v088n022.p009ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n022.p009anewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Food,Safety Get e-Alerts
A Helical Polyelectrolyte Induced by Specific Interactions with Biomolecules in Water (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Helical Polyelectrolyte Induced by Specific Interactions with Biomolecules in WaterHisanari Onouchi, Katsuhiro Maeda, and Eiji YashimaView Author Information Department of Molecular Design and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603, Japan Form and Function, PRESTO, JST, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 30, 7441–7442Publication Date (Web):July 10, 2001Publication History Received22 April 2001Revised11 June 2001Published online10 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0160647https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0160647rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1569Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Monomers,Noncovalent interactions,Peptides and proteins,Polyelectrolytes Get e-Alerts
Particle shape characterization using angle of repose measurements for predicting the effective permittivity and electrical conductivity of saturated granular media (2002)

The particle shape of sediments, soils, and rocks affects the packing of the material and the subsequent pore geometry; it therefore influences important transport properties, such as electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, and hydraulic conductivity. It is difficult to quantify the “average” shape characteristics of a granular material so a method, which would capture the three‐dimensional shape characteristics of a granular material in regards to its packing geometry, would be of great benefit. In this article we examine the use of the angle of repose and the maximum angle of stability of a slope of granular material poured into water, as a simple and rapid method of quantifying its “effective” particle shape. A two‐stage concept is discussed relating the measured slope angles to the aspect ratio of an equivalent oblate ellipsoidal particle and using this aspect ratio for predicting the effective permittivity and bulk electrical conductivity of isotropic packings of granular materials. The slope angle‐aspect ratio relationships were established using measurements of bulk electrical conductivity of monosized spherical glass beads and nonspherical sand and tuff grains packed in water to different porosities. This empirical relationship, the choice of an oblate geometry to represent particle shape, and a heuristic mixing model accounting for the effect of neighboring particles on the internal electrical field were tested using measurements of the effective permittivity for those granular media. Good agreement was found between the model predictions and measurements, indicating the physical significance of the above relationships and quantifiers. We have also tested and found high correlations between slope angles and a shape factor determined by image analysis of two‐dimensional particle micrographs. We do not, however, propose to use it for routine particle shape characterization because of the insufficiently informative viewing of oblates from above and because of the expensive equipment and extensive work involve with it. Instead, we propose to use the easily measurable slope angles for routine particle shape characterization because of its simplicity and also because of its beneficial sensitivity to surface roughness and particle angularity effects beyond the aspect ratio of a smooth equivalent ellipsoid.
Dynamic global resource allocation in shared data centers and clouds (2012)

We design, implement and evaluate a global resource allocator to provide end-to-end quality of service in shared data centers and Clouds. Global resource allocation involves performance modeling for proportioning several levels of storage cache, and the storage bandwidth between applications according to overall performance goals. The problem is challenging due to the interplay between different resources, e.g., changing the client cache quota affects the access pattern at the cache/disk levels below it in the storage hierarchy. We use a combination of on-line modeling and sampling to arrive at near-optimal configurations within minutes. The key idea is to incorporate access tracking and known resource dependencies e.g., due to cache replacement policies, into our performance model.

In our experimental evaluation, we use both micro-benchmarks and the industry standard benchmarks TPC-W and RUBiS. We show that our global resource allocation approach provides up to a factor of 1.4 better overall performance compared to a combination of state-of-the-art single resource controllers, at the same cost.
Experimental production of bovine respiratory tract disease with bovine viral diarrhea virus (1984)

Five 6-month-old calves were inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus (n = 3) or Pasteurella haemolytica (n = 2) endobronchially with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Five additional calves were inoculated sequentially with BVD virus followed by P haemolytica at a 5-day interval. Blood samples were collected daily from the calves for bacterial isolation. Clinical signs of respiratory tract disease in calves were recorded daily. If the calves survived, they were killed for necropsy 3 or 4 days after inoculation with P haemolytica (or 8 days after inoculation with BVD virus). The extent and nature of pulmonary lesions in the calves were determined, and the lower portion of the respiratory tract (lungs and trachea) was examined for both these organisms. The 3 calves, inoculated with BVD virus only, developed mild clinical signs mainly manifested as fever, nasal discharge, and occasional cough. Approximately 2% to 7% of the total lung capacity of these calves was pneumonic. Mild clinical signs and localized lesions involving about 15% of the lung volume developed in the 2 calves exposed to P haemolytica only. However, severe fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia and pleuritis involving 40% to 75% of lung volume developed in the 5 calves inoculated sequentially with BVD virus and P haemolytica. The possible role BVD virus may have in bovine respiratory tract disease is discussed.
Nanostructured electrically conductive hydrogels obtained <i>via</i> ultrafast laser processing and self-assembly (2019)

Electrically conductive polymers have emerged as functional materials for future electronics due to their high electrical conductivity, real-time responsiveness, easy film-formation ability and desirable stretchability. However, the previously developed conductive polymer electronics are still limited to macroscopic hydrogels or films without complicated designs of fine features. Herein, a carbon nanotube-doped hydrophilic photoresist was ultrafast laser processed as an absorbent 3D scaffold to fabricate nanostructured electrically conductive hydrogels (NECHs) for the first time. Taking advantage of the intermolecular forces, we in situ interpenetrated π-conjugated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) into NECHs by self-assembly to combine fine features (resolution down to 500 nm, at least two-order accuracy improvement than that in the case of standard 3D-printed electronics) and achieve a high electrical conductivity (0.1-42.5 S m-1), device-level mechanical properties and desirable tolerance to humid/acid environments. Consequently, several reliable, nanostructured, metal-free electrical circuits, alcohol micro-sensors, interdigital capacitors, and loop inductors have been experimentally identified and characterized. The NECHs successfully break current limitations by making better use of the two photon hydrogelation and highly conductive polymer. Optical clarity, conductivity, and extensibility of the NECHs promise their applications in micro energy storage devices, epidermal electronics, nanorobotics and electrical circuit boards for challenging conditions.
Amplitude-based height-reconstruction techniques for synthetic aperture ladar systems (2005)

We examine the performance of amplitude-based height-estimation techniques for use with airborne synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) sensors in generating three-dimensional reconstructions of ground targets. Such techniques lend themselves to implementation more readily than phase-based techniques and are also more tolerant to phase instabilities that might be associated with SAL systems. For pairwise amplitude-comparison monopulse processing, we present analyses of the expected height sensitivity and bias of SAL systems in terms of the system parameters. We verify this analysis with simulations, and we also provide an overview of other SAL phenomena that affect height-estimation accuracy. We then propose an array-based joint-processing approach that can be applied instead of pairwise monopulse processing. We show that the joint-processing approach represents the maximum-likelihood estimator for obtaining the target height, and we demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces bias-induced errors.
Diffusion Bonding of Silicon Carbide Ceramics Using Titanium Interlayers (2008)

Robust joining approaches for silicon carbide ceramics are critically needed to fabricate leak free joints with high temperature mechanical capability. In this study, titanium foils and physical vapor deposited (PVD) titanium coatings were used to form diffusion bonds between SiC ceramics using hot pressing. Silicon carbide substrate materials used for bonding include sintered SiC and two types of CVD SiC. Microscopy results show the formation of well–adhered diffusion bonds. The bond strengths as determined from pull tests are on the order of several ksi. Electron microprobe results show the distribution of silicon, carbon, titanium, and other minor elements across the bonded interface. Compositions of several phases formed in the joint region were identified. Potential issues of material compatibility and optimal bond formation are also discussed.
Study on Laser Forming of Magnesium Alloy Plate by CO2 Laser (2006)

The property of bending deformation in a laser forming of magnesium alloy plate has been investigated in the previous work. In this continued study, an effect of laser spot diameter on bending deformation behavior was studied in order to examine a feasibility of control of the bending direction and angle. The experiments of CO2 laser forming of magnesium alloy plate were carried out under the machining conditions with a various laser spot diameter by changing the focal point of laser. In principle, the metal plate bends toward the laser head except for a very thin plate when the focal point of laser is on the work surface. In the experimental results, it was found that the bending angle decreased with an increase in the laser spot diameter and the plate continued to bend toward the opposite direction of the laser head when the laser spot exceeded a certain diameter. In this case, the plate bends toward the opposite direction of the laser head with a larger angle during the cooling period than a bending angle to the laser head side during the heating period.
n‐deca‐2,4‐dienal, its origin from linoleate and flavor significance in fats (1959)

Summary n‐Deca‐2,4‐dienal was identified as a major component of the carbonyl compounds in deodorization distillates from cottonseed oil, soybean oil, beef tallow, and lard. This compound also was demonstrated as a principal carbonyl component in the heat decomposition of methyl linoleate in the presence of moisture. n‐Hept‐2‐enal and C 10 and C 9 2‐enals also were detected in the latter system. The flavor threshold of decadienal in water was found to be approximately 0.5 parts per billion. Flavor and odor qualities of the dienal perhaps are described best by the term “deepfried.” The compound's significance in fried and baked foods and its performance in the Kreis and 2‐thiobarbituric acid tests for fat oxidation are discussed.
PLATELET INTERACTIONS WITH LIPOSOMES CARRYING RECOMBINANT PLATELET MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS OR FIBRINOGEN: APPROACH TO PLATELET SUBSTITUTES (2001)

Liposomes carrying both recombinant platelet membrane glycoproteins GPIa/IIa (rGPIa/IIa) and GPIb alpha (rGPIb alpha) (rGPIa/IIa-Ib alpha-liposomes), or fibrinogen (Fbg-liposomes) were prepared. Their interactions with platelets on a collagen surface under flow conditions were evaluated using a recirculating flow chamber, mounted on an epifluorescence microscope, which allows for real-time visualization of fluorescence-labeled liposomes or platelets interacting with the surface. Adhesion of platelets to the collagen surface increased with increasing the shear rate from 600 to 2400 s(-1). Also, the percentages of surface coverage of rGPIa/IIa-Ib alpha-liposomes or Fbg-liposomes increased with increasing platelet adhesion. These phenomena were attenuated by a peptide containing arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD-peptide), or prostaglandin E1 (PGE), but not by a peptide containing arginine-glycine-glutamic acid (RGE-peptide). In a homogeneous solution, rGPIa/IIa-Ib alpha-liposomes and Fbg-liposomes enhanced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, as evaluated using an aggregometer. These findings suggest that rGPIa/IIa-Ib alpha-liposomes and Fbg-liposomes form aggregates at the site of injury in blood vessels, resulting in stationary adhesion together with activated platelets.
Aldosteron. Isolierung und Eigenschaften. Über Bestandteile der Nebennierenrinde und verwandte Stoffe. 91. Mitteilung (1954)

Abstract Die Bestimmung von Aldosteron, seine Isolierung in Kristallen und seine Eigenschaften werden beschrieben.
Stability, blood partition, and protein binding of DA-5018, a new nonnarcotic analgesic. (1996)

The stability of DA-5018, a capsaicin analog as a new non-narcotic analgesic, in plasma, blood, 4% human serum albumin (HSA), and isotonic Sørensen phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 containing dextran to make 3% ('the buffer'), the blood partition of DA-5018 between plasma and blood cells, and the factors influencing the binding of DA-5018 to 4% HSA using an equilibrium dialysis technique were evaluated. DA-5018 was stable in both rat blood and plasma for up to 4 hr storage at 25 degrees C. However, DA-5018 was unstable in both dog blood and plasma; the disappearance half-lives were 1 and 1.67 hr for dog blood and plasma, respectively, when they were kept at 25 degrees C. DA-5018 seemed to be stable in 'the buffer' for up to 24 hr standing at both 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and in 4% HSA at 25 degrees C. However, DA-5018 was unstable in 4% HSA at 37 degrees C. DA-5018 reached equilibrium very fast between blood cells and plasma in rat blood; the mean blood cells to plasma concentration ratio was 1.31 +/- 0.0907. Although both blood and plasma concentrations of DA-5018 were unstable after incubation in dog blood, the blood cells to plasma concentration ratio was independent of incubation time; the mean value was 0.857 +/- 0.0502. Binding of DA-5018 to 4% HSA was dependent on DA-5018 concentration, buffer pH, and incubation temperature. The binding was independent of buffers containing various chloride ion concentrations. The binding of DA-5018 was dependent on alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and HSA concentrations.