gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Printed Dry EEG Electrodes (2016)

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a procedure that records brain activity in a non-invasive manner. The cost and size of EEG devices has decreased in recent years, facilitating a growing interest in wearable EEG that can be used out-of-the-lab for a wide range of applications, from epilepsy diagnosis, to stroke rehabilitation, to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). A major obstacle for these emerging applications is the wet electrodes, which are used as part of the EEG setup. These electrodes are attached to the human scalp using a conductive gel, which can be uncomfortable to the subject, causes skin irritation, and some gels have poor long-term stability. A solution to this problem is to use dry electrodes, which do not require conductive gel, but tend to have a higher noise floor. This paper presents a novel methodology for the design and manufacture of such dry electrodes. We manufacture the electrodes using low cost desktop 3D printers and off-the-shelf components for the first time. This allows quick and inexpensive electrode manufacturing and opens the possibility of creating electrodes that are customized for each individual user. Our 3D printed electrodes are compared against standard wet electrodes, and the performance of the proposed electrodes is suitable for BCI applications, despite the presence of additional noise.
Characterization of the Loss of SUMO Pathway Function on Cancer Cells and Tumor Proliferation (2015)

SUMOylation is a post-translational ubiquitin-like protein modification pathway that regulates important cellular processes including chromosome structure, kinetochore function, chromosome segregation, nuclear and sub-nuclear organization, transcription and DNA damage repair. There is increasing evidence that the SUMO pathway is dysregulated in cancer, raising the possibility that modulation of this pathway may have therapeutic potential. To investigate the importance of the SUMO pathway in the context of cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth, we applied lentivirus-based short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) to knockdown SUMO pathway genes in human cancer cells. shRNAs for SAE2 and UBC9 reduced SUMO conjugation activity and inhibited proliferation of human cancer cells. To expand upon these observations, we generated doxycycline inducible conditional shRNA cell lines for SAE2 to achieve acute and reversible SAE2 knockdown. Conditional SAE2 knockdown in U2OS and HCT116 cells slowed cell growth in vitro, and SAE2 knockdown induced multiple terminal outcomes including apoptosis, endoreduplication and senescence. Multinucleated cells became senescent and stained positive for the senescence marker, SA-β Gal, and displayed elevated levels of p53 and p21. In an attempt to explain these phenotypes, we confirmed that loss of SUMO pathway activity leads to a loss of SUMOylated Topoisomerase IIα and the appearance of chromatin bridges which can impair proper cytokinesis and lead to multinucleation. Furthermore, knockdown of SAE2 induces disruption of PML nuclear bodies which may further promote apoptosis or senescence. In an in vivo HCT116 xenograft tumor model, conditional SAE2 knockdown strongly impaired tumor growth. These data demonstrate that the SUMO pathway is required for cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, implicating the SUMO pathway as a potential cancer therapeutic target.
Screening‐based discovery of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> plant‐type chitinase inhibitors (2014)

A limited therapeutic arsenal against increasing clinical disease due to Aspergillus spp. necessitates urgent characterisation of new antifungal targets. Here we describe the discovery of novel, low micromolar chemical inhibitors of Aspergillus fumigatus family 18 plant-type chitinase A1 (AfChiA1) by high-throughput screening (HTS). Analysis of the binding mode by X-ray crystallography confirmed competitive inhibition and kinetic studies revealed two compounds with selectivity towards fungal plant-type chitinases. These inhibitors provide new chemical tools to probe the effects of chitinase inhibition on A. fumigatus growth and virulence, presenting attractive starting points for the development of further potent drug-like molecules.
Gravity Gradiometry for Geophysical Prospecting (1991)

AbstractGravity gradiometers have the potential to provide gravity measurements from a moving vehicle, thus allowing airborne gravity surveys. In order to achieve this potential, exacting sensitivity and bandwidth requirements must be met by the instrument and accuracy demands in navigation and terrain surveying must be satisfied.A gravity gradiometer for geophysical prospecting has been under development at the University of Western Australia for ten years. It is an advanced instrument using cryogenic technology and superconducting electronics and is the only gradiometer developed explicitly for prospecting use, although others elsewhere are being developed for geodetic and space applications. We have already demonstrated appropriate sensitivity and bandwidth in tests of a laboratory prototype and some recent results are presented here.This paper briefly compares gradiometry with gravimetry and shows that gravity gradiometers are better suited than gravimeters to the measurement scales of interest in geophysical prospecting. This is illustrated with the results of a modelling study of the Teutonic Bore orebody.
Synthesis and biological activities of non-peptide angiotensin receptor antagonists with tetrazole replaced imidazole ring. (1993)

Angiotensin receptor antagonists related to losartan were synthesized in which the imidazole ring was replaced by tetrazole. 1-[4-(2'-Carboxyphenyl)benzyl]-5-butyl tetrazole and 5-[4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)benzyl]-1-butyl tetrazole had antagonist activities versus angiotensin II in the rat isolated uterus assay of 70% and 10%, respectively, of that of the equivalent imidazole compound 1-[4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)benzyl]-2-butyl imidazole. These data suggest that the antagonist activity of compounds in this class is not dependent on the direction of the heterocyclic ring dipole, and that there is a preference for substitution of the acid group-bearing side-chain at the N atom rather than the C atom of tetrazole.
Constructing Home Network Systems and Integrated Services Using Legacy Home Appliances and Web Services (2008)

This article presents a framework that adapts the conventional home electric appliances with the infrared remote controls (legacy appliances) to the emerging home network system (HNS). The proposed method extensively uses the concept of service-oriented architecture to improve programmatic interoperability among multi-vendor appliances. We first prepare APIs that assist a PC to send infrared signals to the appliances. We then aggregate the APIs within self-contained service components, so that each of the components achieves a logical feature independent of device/vendor-specific operations. The service components are finally exhibited to the HNS as Web services. As a result, the legacy appliances can be used as distributed components with open interfaces. To demonstrate the effectiveness, we implement an actual HNS and integrated services with multi-vendor legacy appliances.
Prothrombotic activity is associated with the anatomical as well as the functional severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (2006)

The importance of prothrombotic activity in cardiovascular disease has been well established. However, limited data exist on the relationship between prothrombotic activity and the severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD). The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between markers of haemostasis and the diagnostic measures of PAD: ankle-brachial-index (ABI), maximum treadmill walking distance and angiographic score. In a cross-sectional study of 127 patients (mean age 66 years; 64% males) with angiographically verified PAD, fasting blood samples were drawn, and citrated plasma was obtained for determination of selected haemostatic variables: von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombomodulin (sTM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), soluble tissue factor (sTF), tPA antigen (tPAag) and D-dimer were all significantly correlated with the angiographic score (p < 0.05 for all). D-dimer, tPAag and fibrinogen were inversely correlated with the maximum treadmill walking distance, (p < 0.0001, p < 0.04 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas fibrinogen was the only variable correlating to ABI (r = -0.223, p < 0.05). After adjustment for relevant covariates, D-dimer and TAT remained statistically significantly associated with the angiographic score (p < 0.001), and fibrinogen was, independent of other risk factors, inversely related with both the maximum treadmill walking distance and the ABI (p < 0.01 for both). This rather large study in patients with PAD showed that plasma levels of D-dimer, TAT and fibrinogen significantly predicted the extent of atherosclerosis, evaluated by angiographic score, maximum treadmill walking distance and ABI, respectively. These findings demonstrate a prothrombotic state in PAD patients, which might be of importance in future diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Zebrafish--the Canonical Vertebrate (2001)

The modest zebrafish is a vertebrate with a future. As
 Fishman
 explains in his Perspective, the amenability of zebrafish to genetic screens and the transparency of their embryos has made them a valuable model of vertebrate development.
A Continuum of Anionic Charge: Structures and Functions of<scp>d</scp>-Alanyl-Teichoic Acids in Gram-Positive Bacteria (2003)

Teichoic acids (TAs) are major wall and membrane components of most gram-positive bacteria. With few exceptions, they are polymers of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues. Wall TA is attached to peptidoglycan via a linkage unit, whereas lipoteichoic acid is attached to glycolipid intercalated in the membrane. Together with peptidoglycan, these polymers make up a polyanionic matrix that functions in (i) cation homeostasis; (ii) trafficking of ions, nutrients, proteins, and antibiotics; (iii) regulation of autolysins; and (iv) presentation of envelope proteins. The esterification of TAs with D-alanyl esters provides a means of modulating the net anionic charge, determining the cationic binding capacity, and displaying cations in the wall. This review addresses the structures and functions of D-alanyl-TAs, the D-alanylation system encoded by the dlt operon, and the roles of TAs in cell growth. The importance of dlt in the physiology of many organisms is illustrated by the variety of mutant phenotypes. In addition, advances in our understanding of D-alanyl ester function in virulence and host-mediated responses have been made possible through targeted mutagenesis of dlt. Studies of the mechanism of D-alanylation have identified two potential targets of antibacterial action and provided possible screening reactions for designing novel agents targeted to D-alanyl-TA synthesis.
Biochemical and photochemical processes in the degradation of chlorinated biphenyls (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiochemical and photochemical processes in the degradation of chlorinated biphenylsRobert M. Baxter and Dale A. SutherlandCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 8, 608–610Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/es00126a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (396 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Entwurf, Simulation und Optimierung mehrkamerabasierter 6D-Pose-Messsysteme robotergestützten Koordinatenmesstechnik: zur Verringerung der Positionsunsicherheit in der (2016)

Robotergestützte Koordinatenmesssysteme haben gegenüber klassischen Koordinatenmessgeräten viele Vorteile. Zum Beispiel die gute Integrierbarkeit in Produktionslinien und die hohe Beweglichkeit des Roboterarms, sowie die relativ niedrigen Investitionskosten. Jedoch liegt die Positionsunsicherheit eines Industrieroboters auch nach einer Kalibrierung weit über der eines typischen Koordinatenmess-geräts. Das Einsatzgebiet bleibt darum auf Messanwendungen mit geringen Genauigkeitsanforderun-gen beschränkt. Abhilfe können externe kamerabasierte Zusatzmesssysteme zur Lagebestimmung der Roboter-hand und des eingesetzten Koordinatenmesskopfs schaffen, wie sie teils auch zur Roboterkalibrierung eingesetzt werden. Marktübliche Systeme basieren aber meist auf teuren Spezialkameras und haben Schwächen in der Orientierungsmessung. Darum können sie nur in Ausnahmefällen wirtschaftlich be-trieben werden oder erreichen keine hinreichende Genauigkeit. In dieser Arbeit wird ein (mehr-)kamerabasiertes Pose-Messsystem (CPMS) entwickelt. Es be-steht aus einem mobilen 3-Kamera-Pose-Sensor zur Montage an der Roboterhand. Dieser Sensor ba-siert auf Standardkameras und bestimmt seine räumliche Pose durch die Beobachtung raumfester pho-togrammetrischer Zielmarken. Zur Herstellung der mathematischen Beziehung zwischen den Bildbeobachtungen der Zielmar-ken und der räumlichen Pose des Messsystems, wird ein Mehrkamera-Abbildungsmodell, sowie eine effiziente Vorgehensweise zur Lösung der daraus resultierenden Modellgleichungen erarbeitet. Zur Konzeption eines optimalen Messsystemdesigns, das einen guten Kompromiss zwischen Aufwand, Kosten und Messgenauigkeit darstellt, sind zahlreiche Systemeigenschaften abzustimmen. Dies ist am realen System aufgrund unkontrollierbarer Variablen und komplexer Wechselwirkungen sehr schwierig. Aus diesem Grund wird eine Simulations-Umgebung entwickelt, mit der die Zusam-menhänge zwischen Beleuchtung, Bildaufnahme und der räumlichen Kamera- und Zielmarkenanord-nung systematisch untersucht werden. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Zusammenhänge der Systemparameter aufgedeckt und Regeln für die Konzeptionierung eines CPMS erstellt. Durch eine systematische Untersuchung und Verbesse-rung der Kameraanordnung wurde die Pose-Messgenauigkeit bei Einsatz des gleichen Kameratyps we-sentlich erhöht. Darüber hinaus konnte die Algorithmik zur Bestimmung der Lage einer Zielmarke im Kamerabild durch die Erweiterung mit Verfahren zum Ausgleich inhomogener Beleuchtung und der Kompensation von Bewegungsunschärfen verbessert werden. Zuletzt werden anhand der Simulation praxisorientierte Verfahren zur Systemkalibrierung erarbeitet. Auch wird gezeigt, wie ein CPMS für eine spezifische Messanwendung am Rechner geplant werden und so Zeit und Kosten für aufwendige Experimentalaufbauten gespart werden kann.
Curvilinear Local Grid Refinement: Part 2–Rapid Grid Generation, and Further Applications (1999)

Abstract Rapid generation of a local, orthogonal, curvilinear grid around a well requires numerically inexpensive methods for computing curvilinear gridblock pore volumes. An adaptive step size fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration is combined with adaptive discretization of the computational domain for fast pore volume determination. Adaptivity is shown to be critical for fast integration. A coning application is used to compare and contrast several grid refinement schemes.
Energy expenditure on recreational visits to different natural environments (2015)

Physical inactivity poses a significant challenge to physical and mental health. Environmental approaches to tackle physical inactivity have identified natural environments as potentially important public health resources. Despite this, little is known about characteristics of the activity involved when individuals visit different types of natural environment. Using Natural England's Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment Survey, we examined 71,603 English respondents' recreational visits to natural environments in the past week. Specifically, we examined the intensity of the activities they undertook on the visits (METs), the duration of their visit, and the associated total energy expenditure (MET minutes). Visits to countryside and urban greenspace environments were associated with more intense activities than visits to coastal environments. However, visits to coastal environments were associated with the most energy expenditure overall due to their relatively long duration. Results differed by the urbanity or rurality of the respondent's residence and also how far respondents travelled to their destination. Knowledge of what types of natural environment afford the highest volumes and intensities of physical activity could inform landscape architecture and exercise prescriptions. Isolating activity-supporting characteristics of natural environments that can be translated into urban design is important in providing physical activity opportunities for those less able to access expansive environments.
Public reporting of hospital patient satisfaction: the Rhode Island experience. (2002)

This article describes a collaborative process for legislatively mandated public reporting of health care performance in Rhode Island that began with hospital patient satisfaction. The goals of the report were both quality improvement and public accountability. Key features addressed include: the legislative context for public reporting; widespread participation of stakeholders; the structure for decision making; and the use of formative testing with cognitive interviews to get responses of consumers and others about the report readability and comprehensibility. This experience and the lessons learned can guide other States considering public reporting on health care performance.
New concepts in the manufacturing and sterilization of LVP's in plastic bottles. (1981)

The increased use of plastics as a packaging material for large volume parenterals has created new requirements for the manufacture of LVP’s. This paper concerns the manufacture of I.V. solutions in polyethylene bottles recently started at a pharmaceutical plant in Finland. The equipment used in the manufacturing is discussed; i.e., a distillation apparatus, an automatic water system, and a compact filling machine which blowmolds, fills, and seals the bottle. Special attention is paid to the sterilization process. The principle of the air cooling autoclave is presented as well as the validation studies. The methods employed to assure sterility of the product are discussed. Additionally, some of the European GMP regulations are compared with American LVP proposals by presenting a few examples.
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura During Pregnancy (2001)

A successful case of a hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum for autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient at 23 weeks' gestation is reported. Preoperative splenic arterial embolization was performed on the same day as the operation using painless contour embolic material and super-absorbent polymer microspheres. The abdominal wall retraction method first was applied to avoid the effects of pneumoperitoneum on systemic hemodynamic alterations. However, a sufficient surgical view could not be obtained, as the intra-abdominal organs were elevated because of the enlarged uterus. A surgical view with 4 to 6-mm Hg pneumoperitoneum was available for the hand-assisted splenectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient vaginally delivered a healthy infant. A hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum after splenic arterial embolization would be feasible for patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura during a relatively advanced pregnancy.
Improving Bandwidth of Yagi-Uda Arrays (2012)

A novel approach for improving antenna bandwidth is described using a 6-element Yagi-Uda array as an example. The new approach applies Central Force Optimization, a deterministic metaheuristic, and Variable Z0 technology, a novel, proprietary design and optimization methodology, to produce an array with 33.09% fractional impedance bandwidth. This array’s performance is compared to its CFO-optimized Fixed Z0counterpart, and to the performance of a 6-ele- ment Dominating Cone Line Search-optimized array. Both CFO-optimized antennas exhibit better performance than the DCLS array, especially with respect to impedance bandwidth. Although the Yagi-Uda antenna was chosen to illustrate this new approach to antenna design and optimization, the methodology is entirely general and can be applied to any antenna against any set of performance objectives.
What's in a Handshake? Exploring Business-to-Business Relational Exchange (2005)

Despite its importance in the development of competitive advantage, attempts to unify diverse classifications of business-to-business relational exchange (B2B RE) have been largely unsuccessful. We used 18 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with managers from a range of industries to explore the B2B RE construct. Analysis of the data revealed that B2B RE comprises five key dimensions. These are communication, understanding, commitment, trust and power symmetry. The research identifies the importance of personal interaction in business relationships and provides additional insights into the importance of affective commitment. In addition we uncover a number of negative consequences of affective commitment, which have been previously unexplored. This research contributes to the domain of B2B research by synthesising and advancing knowledge in this area to provide a new conceptual framework of B2B RE and directions for future research.
N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-methylaminothiazoline as a Selective Benzyloxycarbonylating Reagent of Amines (2003)

Chemoselective alkoxycarbonylation of amines is an important reaction for the protection in organic synthesis.1A variety of reagents have been developed by devising a leaving group such as chlorides,2 imidazole,3 imide,4 oxime,5 enolate,6 and N-sulfonylanilide.7 Each method has its ad vantages and disadvantages in any given situation.Thus the development of other reagents is necessary.Recently, we reported synthetic route to 2-methylaminothiazolines by the selective S-cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylthioureas.8 Heterocyclic system of 2-methylaminothiazoline 1 is expected to be a good leaving group for alkoxycarbonyl ation reagent of amines.In this paper we report that Nbenzyloxy and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-methylaminothiazoline 2 serve as new reagents for the selective alkoxy carbonylation of a less hindered amines in the presence of a more hindered amines.The synthesis of 4,4-dimethyl-2-methylaminothiazoline was readily performed by the reaction of 1,2-aminoalcohol with methyl isothiocyanate to give the corresponding N-(1,1dimethylamino-2-hydroxy)ethyl-N'-methylthiourea, follow ed by the S-cyclization to the 2-methylaminothiazoline in 83% yield by a one pot reaction using p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and NaOH (Scheme 1).9 Acylation of the 2-methylaminothiazolines can conceivably proceed through an attack upon acyl halide either by the exo-nitrgen to provide Nacylated-2-methylaminothiazolines or by the endo-nitrgon to Scheme 1 n-B니Li, THF Cbz-CI or (Boc)2O