gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancellation of ISI in non-linear voice-band data channels (1993)

A technique for cancellation of intersymbol interference (ISI) in nonlinear voice band data channels that contain second and third order nonlinear elements is presented. A data-aided nonlinear canceller structure based on a configuration proposed by E. Biglieri et al. (IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. vol.SAC-2, no.5, p.765-77, Sept. 1984) is used to remove nonlinear ISI without excessive noise enhancement. While the scheme proposed by Biglieri et al. uses a least mean square (LMS) adaptation algorithm, the authors choose to use a recursive least squares (RLS) adaptation algorithm in order to provide a faster convergence of the algorithm and improved robustness when applied to a variety of channels. A fast version of the RLS algorithm with computational complexity of order O(9N) (where N is the order of the nonlinear filter) is derived. The performance of the nonlinear canceller with both fast RLS and LMS adaptation is evaluated by simulation for 16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) data transmission over nonlinear channels with a rate of 9600 bit/s. The simulation results show a performance improvement when the fast RLS version is used as compared with the LMS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
850-nm VCSEL Transmission Over Standard Single-Mode Fiber Using Fiber Mode Filter (2011)

We report on a novel fiber mode filter consisting of an LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> spatial mode rotator and an LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> /LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode coupler to mitigate 850-nm modal dispersion over standard single-mode fibers (SMF-28). We demonstrate 10-Gb/s error-free transmission over 1 km of SMF-28 fiber using directly modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and we measure a 3.3-dB reduction in the received optical power required to achieve a bit-error-ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> when compared to transmission over 800 m of OM3 multimode fiber.
Very high performance 40 nm CMOS with ultra-thin nitride/oxynitride stack gate dielectric and pre-doped dual poly-Si gate electrodes (2002)

In this work, we report very high performance CMOS devices with 40 nm physical gate length, 12 A (EOT) nitride/oxynitride (N/O) stack gate dielectrics, and dual pre-doped poly-Si gate electrodes. The strong boron penetration resistance of the high quality N/O stack gate dielectric allows pre-doped poly gates not only for NMOS, but also for PMOS, to minimize poly depletion and improve performance. At room temperature and power supply Vdd of 1.5 V, drive currents of 1.12 mA/um for NMOS and 545 uA/um for PMOS are achieved at off-state leakage Idoff of both devices on the order of 20 nA/um. At low temperature of -50 C and proper forward body biases, those devices showed drive currents of 1.4 mA/m/um (@ 20 nA/um Idoff) for NMOS and 620 uA/um (@ 20 nA/um Idoff) for PMOS. These represent the highest 40 nm CMOS performance figures reported to date.
A novel, simple method of functional spleen volume calculation by liver-spleen scan. (1999)

This novel spleen volume measurement detects serious liver disease and correlates with splenic hyperfunction.
Hematite Photocatalysis: Dechlorination of 2,6-Dichloroindophenol and Oxidation of Water (2011)

We report photocatalytic studies employing colloids of pure hematite (α-Fe2O3) and hematite loaded with 1 and 5 wt % platinum, respectively. The kinetics of the dechlorination of the redox indicator 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) have been studied in aqueous colloidal suspensions of hematite at pH 7. At the same time, α-Fe2O3 carries out the photooxidation of water. The formation of hydroxyl radicals and of H2O2 has been investigated employing coumarin and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as reagents, respectively. With an increased amount of platinum on the colloidal surface, an enhanced photonic efficiency of the dye reduction is observed.
First synthesis of (±)‐harzianopyridone by metalation of polysubstituted <i>O</i>‐pyridylcarbamates (1995)

Abstract The first synthesis of (±)‐harzianopyridone, an antifungal metabolite of Trichoderma harzianum , has been achieved by metalation of 6‐substituted‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐4‐pyridyl‐ N,N ‐diisopropylcarbamates. Moreover, the chosen strategy allowed the preparation of harzianopyridone analogs, by varying the groups at C‐4, C‐5 and C‐6 on the pyridine ring.
Lipoarabinomannan in urine during tuberculosis treatment: association with host and pathogen factors and mycobacteriuria (2012)

Urinary LAM was related to host immune factors, was unrelated to Mtb strain and declined steadily after an initial 2 weeks of TB treatment. The strong association of urine LAM with mycobacteriuria is a new finding, indicating frequent TB involvement of the renal tract in advanced HIV infection.
Halogenated Thymidine Analogues Restore the Expression of Silenced Genes without Demethylation (2005)

Transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes by aberrant DNA methylation is a characteristic frequently observed in cancer cells. Therefore, reversing this process is a therapeutic target against cancer. In this study, we established a screening system for silencing inhibitors with cell lines transfected by a retroviral vector containing a luciferase gene. More than 100 nucleosides were tested for antisilencing activity with a selected clone in which the silenced expression of luciferase could be recovered by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. A group of halogenated thymidine analogues was found to reactivate transcription of not only the reporter retrovirus vector but also endogenous glutathione-S-transferase 1 gene, without influence to DNA hypermethylation. Gel mobility shift assay showed that 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) or 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation did not affect the binding of the methyl-CpG binding protein motif to methylated DNA. Finally, in the retroviral promoter, BrdUrd treatment increased the acetylated histone H3 level and decreased methylation of histone H3 Lys9 in accordance with recovered transcription. This study shows that halogenated thymidines have an antisilencing effect without changing DNA methylation status by interfering with step(s) between DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior heart attack: ticagrelor plus aspirin versus aspirin monotherapy (2015)

Review of: Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, et al. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1791-1800. This Practice Pearl reviews the recent study Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared With Placebo on a Background of Aspirin-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54 (PEGASUS-TIMI 54). It challenges the current standard of care of 12 months of dual antiplatelet followed by aspirin indefinitely. The study demonstrated that patients who received ticagrelor, either the 60 mg or 90 mg twice daily plus aspirin, showed a decreased risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial also proved that the benefit of ticagrelor was seen early and continued to accrue over time, with a median of 33 months of follow-up, meaning that the benefit persists over time. It is important to note that both doses of the ticagrelor were associated with higher incidence of bleeding, but the rates of fatal bleeding did not show any difference between the ticagrelor or placebo.
Evaluating Triboelectric Properties of Polymer Films: An Incipient Appliance and Case Studies (2014)

The present study describes a design of a contrivance for the generation of triboelectricity. Three polymer films, Chitosan (Chit), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and Chit/PVA blend were rubbed against an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sheet utilizing the contrivance for which, a patent has been filed. The constructed contrivance utilized compressed air and pneumatic pistons to engender the to and fro forms of kineticism for engendering the static charges. The results of the study showed that the voltage recorded in the three polymer films at room temperature ranged from 14mV-88mV. The surface roughness of the three polymer films was evaluated and their role in the generation of triboelectric charges was discussed. It was evident from the results that the roughness of PVA was four times more than that of Chit and that upon coalescing the two polymers, the resulting film had a roughness value lying between those for Chit and PVA. Higher surface roughness was associated with higher wear rates which contributed to the generation of triboelectricity. The present invention is a simple contrivance having scope for further ameliorations and with potential applications in industries such as copiers, laser printers, medical applications, textiles and armed forces. Keywords: Multitmeter, polymer films, surface roughness, triboelectricity, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
Phase I/II trial of the MEK1/2 inhibitor GSK1120212 (GSK212) in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory myeloid malignancies: Evidence of activity in pts with RAS mutation. (2011)

6506 Background: Signaling through the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway is activated in many human cancers. GSK212 is a potent, selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2 that inhibits proliferation of myeloid cell lines in vitro. A phase I/II study of a single, daily, oral dosing regimen was conducted to define the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and evaluate pharmacokinetics, toxicity and preliminary activity in pts with previously treated hematologic malignancies. Results reported are from the RP2D; 2mg/day. Methods: Pts with relapsed/refractory AML, MDS, ALL or CMML with WBC <30,000/µL and adequate hepatic, renal and cardiac function were eligible for this study. Pts were prospectively screened for KRAS mutations at amino acids 12 and 13 using a PCR-based kit and for NRAS mutations at amino acids12, 13, and 61 using sequence analysis. Clinical response was assessed using International Working Group (2003 and 2006) criteria for AML and MDS. Results: 45 pts (30 AML, 12 MDS transformed to AML) received 2mg GSK212 daily. 73% were male; median age 62 (range 21–87) and 93% had received prior therapy. GSK212 exhibited long effective half-life with small peak/trough ratios and the exposure profile maintained time above preclinical target threshold for the 24-hour dosing period. Drug-related adverse events (AEs; >10%) were diarrhea 29% (n=13; 24% Grade 1/2, 4% Grade 3), and rash 22% (n=10; 20% Grade 1/2, 2% Grade 3), myelosuppression was not noted. AEs possibly related to inhibition of MEK signaling were blurred vision (n=3; 4% Grade 1, 2% grade 3) and decreased cardiac ejection fraction (n=1; Grade 3). Conclusions: GSK212 demonstrates encouraging signs of clinical activity with manageable AEs in pts with previously treated AML characterized by somatic RAS mutations. Recruitment of pts with N or KRAS mutant AML/MDS and CMML is ongoing. Best response n=39* N or KRAS mutated n=13 RAS wt or unk n=26 CR/CRp 3 (23%) 0 MLFS 1 (8%) 0 PR 0 2 (8%) HI/HI-N/HI-P 1 (8%) 4 (15%) SD# 7 (54%) 9 (35%) PD 1 (8%) 11 (42%) ORR 31% (95% CI 9%, 61%) 8% (95% CI 1%, 25%) * 6 pts not evaluable were RAS wt/unk; 5 had screen assessments only; 1 lacked follow-up. #Investigator assessed. Abbreviation: MLFS, morphologic leukemia-free state.
Intermolecular Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Organoactinide Complexes. Scope and Mechanistic Studies (2001)

Organoactinide complexes of the type Cp*2AnMe2 (An = Th, U) have been found to be efficient catalysts for the hydroamination of terminal alkynes with aliphatic primary amines. The chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of the reactions depend strongly on the nature of the catalyst and the nature of the amine and show no major dependence on the nature of the alkyne. The hydroamination reaction of the terminal alkynes with aliphatic primary amines catalyzed by the organouranium complexes produces the corresponding imines where the amine and the alkyne are regioselectively disposed in a syn-regiochemistry, whereas for similar reactions with the organothorium complex besides the methyl alkylated imine, dimeric and trimeric alkyne oligomers are also produced. For (TMS)C⋮CH and EtNH2 both organoactinides produced the same imine compounds when the reaction is carried out in THF or toluene. In benzene, both imines E and Z (TMS)CH2CHNEt are obtained, the earlier undergo a 1,3-silyl Brook sigmatropic rearrangement toward the enamine, whereas the latter remains unchanged. Mechanistic studies on the hydroamination of (TMS)C⋮CH and EtNH2 promoted by the organouranium complex show that the first step in the catalytic reaction is the formation of the bis(amido) complex, found in equilibrium with the corresponding bisamido−amine complex, which loses an amine, yielding a uranium−imido complex. Insertion of the alkyne into the imido bond with subsequent amine protonolysis, isomerization, and product release comprise the primary steps in the catalytic cycle. The kinetic rate law was found to follow an inverse kinetic order in amine, a first order in complex, and a zero order in alkyne, with ΔH⧧ = 11.7(3) kcal mol-1, ΔS⧧ = −44.5(8) eu. The turnover-limiting step is the release of an amine from the bisamido complex yielding the imido complex. The key organoactinide intermediate for the intermolecular hydroamination reaction was found to be the corresponding actinide−imido complexes. For both actinides the complexes have been characterized, and for thorium the single-crystal X-ray diffraction was studied. A plausible mechanistic scenario is proposed for the hydroamination of terminal alkynes and aliphatic primary amines.
[Morphological, cytogenetic and proliferative characteristics of Syrian hamster HTC-2 and HTC-1 cells and of the HTCT tumor cell line transformed by herpes simplex type 2 virus]. (1982)

Morphological, caryological, cytoproliferative, and isoenzyme studies of Syrian hamster cells HTC-2 and HTC-1 transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 and a HTCT line of tumor cells were carried out. The hamster origin of these cell lines was established by chromosomal analysis and electrophoretic mobility of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase isoenzymes. The transformed and tumor cell lines differ from normal cells by altered morphology, an aneuploid chromosome set and increased proliferative activity. Electron microscopic examination of transformed cells revealed increased amounts of filamentous and tubular structures in the cytoplasm. No retroviruses were found.
The cell surface glycoprotein CDCP1 in cancer—Insights, opportunities, and challenges (2009)

In the last few years dysregulated expression of the cell surface glycoprotein CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) has been associated with several cancers and this cell surface molecule has been recognized both as a tumor marker and as a potential target to disrupt progression of cancer. Here we summarize what is known about CDCP1 including its structural features, expression in normal and cancerous tissues, and the in vitro experiments and studies in animal models that have provided the key insights into its potential role in tumor formation and metastasis in humans. We conclude by highlighting opportunities and challenges in targeting CDCP1 in cancer.
The Pivotal Role of RhoA GTPase in the Molecular Signaling of Axon Growth Inhibition after CNS Injury and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies (2007)

The dogma that the adult central nervous system (CNS) is nonpermissive to axonal regeneration is beginning to fall in the face of increased understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of axon outgrowth. It is now appreciated that axon growth is regulated by a combination of extracellular factors related to the milieu of the developing or adult CNS and the presence of injury, and intracellular factors related to the "growth state" of the developing or regenerating neuron. Several critical points of convergence within the developing or regenerating neuron for mediating intracellular cell signaling effects on the growth cone cytoskeleton have been identified, and their modulation has produced marked increases in axon outgrowth within the "nonpermissive" milieu of the adult injured CNS. One such critical convergence point is the small GTPase RhoA, which integrates signaling events produced by both myelin-associated inhibitors (e.g., NogoA) and astroglial-derived inhibitors (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans) and regulates the activity of downstream effectors that modulate cytoskeletal dynamics within the growth cone mediating axon outgrowth or retraction. Inhibition of RhoA has been associated with increased outgrowth on nonpermissive substrates in vitro and increased axon regeneration in vivo. We are developing lentiviral vectors that modulate RhoA activity, allowing more long-term expression than is possible with current approaches. These vectors may be useful in regenerative strategies for spinal cord injury, brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Throughput of a MIMO OFDM based WLAN system (2004)

In this paper, the system throughput of a wireless local-area-network (WLAN) based on multiple-input multipleoutput orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) is studied. A broadband channel model is derived from indoor channel measurements. This model is used in simulations\nto evaluate the performance of different MIMO detection algorithms. It is concluded that a MIMO scheme combined with an additional antenna at the receiver side and the low computational\ncomplex minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) algorithm is preferable. Link-level results are used to calculate the throughput of a single-cell scenario containing multiple MIMO users using\na semi-analytical framework. Results show that the throughput of a 2×2 extension of an IEEE 802.11a system is 1.5 to 2 times higher than that of its single antenna counterpart.
NATURAL REPRODUCTION ON ABANDONED LAND (1932)

W HEN the Petawawa Military Area was acquired by the Dominion Government in 1914, it included a number of scattered areas which had been cleared and cultivated for farming. The former owners were bought out, the land was abandoned, and the ground has remained covered with a thck mat of grass, occasionally interrupted by shrubs. Although these areas are surrounded by woods yielding an adequate supply of seed, the process of returning to the natural condition has been decidedly slow. Obstacles in the way of germination are evidently too great to allow seedlings to become established, unaided, within a reasonable time.
Oxidation of UO2(s) in aqueous solution (2008)

Abstract In this review the kinetics and mechanism of oxidative dissolution of UO2(s), mainly under conditions of relevance for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel, are discussed. Rate constants for the elementary processes involved (oxidation of UO2 and dissolution of oxidized UO2) are used to calculate the rates of oxidative UO2(s) dissolution under various conditions (type of oxidant, oxidant concentration and HCO3−/CO32− concentration) for which experimental data are also available. The calculated rates are compared to the corresponding experimental values under the assumption that the experimental numbers reflect the steady-state conditions of the system. The agreement between the calculated rates and the corresponding experimental ones is very good, in particular for the higher rates. In general, the calculated rates are somewhat higher than the experimental numbers. This can be due partly to the use of initial concentrations rather than steady-state concentrations in the calculations. The kinetic data are also used to quantitatively discuss the dynamics of spent nuclear fuel dissolution under deep geological repository conditions.
Creature feature: The weedy seadragon (2015)

Weedy Seadragons tend to remain still unless feeding. Like other syngnathids, the Weedy Seadragon actively hunts, using its tubular snout to poke around in vegetation and sand patches for prey that consists mainly of zooplankton, including tiny crustaceans, larval fish, and sea lice.
<title>Validation of vision-based obstacle detection algorithms for low-altitude helicopter flight</title> (1991)

The automation of rotorcraft low-altitude flight presents challenging problems in control imaging sensors and image understanding. A critical element in this problem is the ability to detect and locate obstacles in a helicopter''s intended flight path and using on-board sensors modify the nominal vehicle trajectory to avoid contact with the detected obstacles. This paper describes the validation facility being used at Ames to test vision based obstacle detection and range estimation algorithms suitable for low level helicopter flight and presents some early validation results.
Artificial-esophagus with peristaltic motion using shape memory alloy (2010)

Artificial esophagus of less invasive medical applications utilizing mechanical property of shape memory alloys (SMAs) with peristaltic motion is developed. The artificial-esophagus is composed of two SMA springs, polyvinyl chloride tube, and acrylic plate. The dynamic characteristics of an artificial-esophagus actuator are evaluated in terms of the food transport capacity. Closing pressure and the transport speed have sufficiently realized with human-like qualities. The possibility for fully self-contained artificial-esophagus using SMAs is discussed.
Influence of Martensitic Transformation and Chemical Composition on Mechanical Properties of Fe-Cr-Ni Stainless Steel (1970)

The object of this work was to investigate the relation between mechanical properties and martensitic transformation or chemical composition of Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel. First, the relations between mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, Federungs Grenze) and structures of specimens were investigated in order to clarify the influence of martensite on these properties. Second, the influence of the Ni equivalent (which is a quantity determined by the chemical composition and has an immediate effect on the martensitic transformation) on the mechanical properties was examined. The details of the Ni equivalent were reported in the previous paper.The results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) In the chemical composition range between about 20.7 and about 25%Ni equivalents, the variation in mechanical properties of the cold rolled specimens caused by composition changes was remarkable because of the difference in the amount of generated martensite.(2) The highest strength of the cold rolled specimens were obtained for the composition of about 20.7%Ni equivalent where the amount of strain-induced martensite was maximum. For the composition less than the above-mentioned Ni equivalent, the tensile strength became somewhat lower. However, for the composition higher than the above, the strength remarkably decreased, and for that above 25%Ni equivalent, it stayed constant at alow value.(3) Strain-induced martensite had the highest strength in the cold rolled specimens, athermal martensite had a rather lower, and austenite structure had the lowest. The strength of each structure was estimated.(4) The tensile strength of the solution-heat treated specimens had almost the same features as the cold-rolled specimens. However, no decrease of the strength was observed even if the Ni equivalent was lower than 20.7%, and good elongation was obtained for the composition of high Ni equivalent where the austenite structure is stable.(5) The influence of the carbon content on Federungs Grenze of the 75% cold rolled specimens was not appreciable for the composition of more than 0.04% carbon. On the contrary, for the composition of less than 0.005% carbon, a remarkable decrease in Federungs Grenze was observed.