gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Disease in Kennelled Dogs: Serological Responses to<i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>Lipopolysaccharide Do Not Correlate with Bacterial Isolation or Clinical Respiratory Symptoms (2003)

The role of Bordetella bronchiseptica in a natural outbreak of canine infectious respiratory disease was investigated both by culture and serological analysis. B. bronchiseptica was found in the lungs of a large proportion of clinically healthy dogs and in a greater proportion of dogs with respiratory disease. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we analyzed the serological responses of a large number of dogs. Dogs with high antibody levels showed no protection from disease, and there was no correlation between the development of disease and rising antibody titer. Similarly, there was no difference in antibody levels in dogs with and without B. bronchiseptica in the lungs. Antibodies to LPS have no predictive value in determining which animals will contract respiratory disease, how severe the disease will be, or which dogs will have B. bronchiseptica colonizing the lungs.
[Long-term follow-up of combined therapy with large-dose zinc sulfate and low-dose penicillamine in children with hepatolenticular degeneration]. (1999)

Combined therapy of large-dose zinc sulfate and low-dose penicillamine is an effective, safe and cheap treatment for children with HLD.
Poisson-spot intensity reduction with a partially transparent petal-shaped optical mask (2013)

The presence of a Poisson spot inside a shadow region can best be described as the consequence of constructive interference of light waves diffracted on the edge of the obstruction where its central position can be determined by the symmetry of the object. More recently, the elimination of this spot has received attention in the fields of particle physics, high-energy lasers, astronomy, and lithography. The desired level of intensity suppression is dependent on the type of light source and the field of application. In this paper, we introduce a novel, partially transparent petaled mask shape that suppresses the bright spot by up to ten orders of magnitude in intensity at optical ranges, with potential powerful applications in many of the above fields. The optimization technique formulated in this design can identify mask shapes having partial transparency only near the petal tips.
Theranostic body fluid cleansing: rationally designed magnetic particles enable capturing and detection of bacterial pathogens (2016)

We report on theoretical and experimental considerations on bacteria capturing and enrichment via magnetic separation enabling integrated diagnosis and treatment of blood stream infections. We show optimization of carrier-pathogen interactions based on a mathematical model followed by an experimental proof-of-concept study along with investigations on the process safety.
Disappearance of short chain acids from the preen gland wax of male mallard ducks during eclipse. (1985)

Wax esters constitute the major products of the uropygial glands of male mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the acyl and alcohol portions of the wax ester revealed dramatic seasonal variation. Of the total of nearly 100 compounds detected in the acyl portion, more than 90 were identified as n-, monomethyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl-C6 to C20 acids. The major components were 2-methyl- and 4-methyl C6 acids which constituted nearly 75% of the total acids during most of the year. As the birds went through the post-nuptial molt into eclipse, these short chain acids decreased to only 4% of the total acids. Fatty acids longer than C12 became the major components during the summer months when the birds were in eclipse and by fall the characteristic shorter branched acids reappeared as the dominant components. Fatty alcohols did not undergo such dramatic changes. This is the first report of biochemical changes that occur during eclipse.
Proximity effects in the interpretation of the basic strengths of primary aromatic amines (1954)

R. N. Beale, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 4494 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540004494
International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Circuits and Systems (ICIMCS 2011) (2011)

ICIMCS 2011 is a comprehensive conference focused on the various aspects of advances in instrumentation, measurement, circuits and systems. This conference provides a chance for academic and industry professionals to discuss recent progress in the area of instrumentation, measurement, circuits and systems. The goal of the conference is to bring together the researchers from academia and industry as well as practitioners to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of instrumentation, measurement, circuits and systems
Bacterial Heat Shock Proteins Promote CD91-Dependent Class I MHC Cross-Presentation of Chaperoned Peptide to CD8+ T Cells by Cytosolic Mechanisms in Dendritic Cells versus Vacuolar Mechanisms in Macrophages (2004)

APCs process mammalian heat shock protein (HSP):peptide complexes to present HSP-chaperoned peptides on class I MHC (MHC-I) molecules to CD8(+) T cells. HSPs are also expressed in prokaryotes and chaperone microbial peptides, but the ability of prokaryotic HSPs to contribute chaperoned peptides for Ag presentation is unknown. Our studies revealed that exogenous bacterial HSPs (Escherichia coli DnaK and Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70) delivered an extended OVA peptide for processing and MHC-I presentation by both murine macrophages and dendritic cells. HSP-enhanced MHC-I peptide presentation occurred only if peptide was complexed to the prokaryotic HSP and was dependent on CD91, establishing CD91 as a receptor for prokaryotic as well as mammalian HSPs. Inhibition of cytosolic processing mechanisms (e.g., by transporter for Ag presentation deficiency or brefeldin A) blocked HSP-enhanced peptide presentation in dendritic cells but not macrophages. Thus, prokaryotic HSPs deliver chaperoned peptide for alternate MHC-I Ag processing and cross-presentation via cytosolic mechanisms in dendritic cells and vacuolar mechanisms in macrophages. Prokaryotic HSPs are a potential source of microbial peptide Ags during phagocytic processing of bacteria during infection and could potentially be incorporated in vaccines to enhance presentation of peptides to CD8(+) T cells.
Ranking definitions with supervised learning methods (2005)

This paper is concerned with the problem of definition search. Specifically, given a term, we are to retrieve definitional excerpts of the term and rank the extracted excerpts according to their likelihood of being good definitions. This is in contrast to the traditional approaches of either generating a single combined definition or simply outputting all retrieved definitions. Definition ranking is essential for the task. Methods for performing definition ranking are proposed in this paper, which formalize the problem as either classification or ordinal regression. A specification for judging the goodness of a definition is given. We employ SVM as the classification model and Ranking SVM as the ordinal regression model respectively, such that they rank definition candidates according to their likelihood of being good definitions. Features for constructing the SVM and Ranking SVM models are defined. An enterprise search system based on this method has been developed and has been put into practical use. Experimental results indicate that the use of SVM and Ranking SVM can significantly outperform the baseline methods of using heuristic rules or employing the conventional information retrieval method of Okapi. This is true both when the answers are paragraphs and when they are sentences. Experimental results also show that SVM or Ranking SVM models trained in one domain can be adapted to another domain, indicating that generic models for definition ranking can be constructed.
Situation Recognition: Visual Semantic Role Labeling for Image Understanding (2016)

This paper introduces situation recognition, the problem of producing a concise summary of the situation an image depicts including: (1) the main activity (e.g., clipping), (2) the participating actors, objects, substances, and locations (e.g., man, shears, sheep, wool, and field) and most importantly (3) the roles these participants play in the activity (e.g., the man is clipping, the shears are his tool, the wool is being clipped from the sheep, and the clipping is in a field). We use FrameNet, a verb and role lexicon developed by linguists, to define a large space of possible situations and collect a large-scale dataset containing over 500 activities, 1,700 roles, 11,000 objects, 125,000 images, and 200,000 unique situations. We also introduce structured prediction baselines and show that, in activity-centric images, situation-driven prediction of objects and activities outperforms independent object and activity recognition.
Lymphotoxin and TNF differ greatly in capacity to induce differentiation of human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells. (1994)

We found that recombinant and natural lymphotoxin differ from TNF in that they only marginally induce differentiation of human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells. Even at 1,000-fold concentrations, lymphotoxin was significantly less potent than TNF. Lymphotoxin competitively, but not completely, inhibited TNF-induced differentiation. Based on studies of the two types of TNF receptors (55 kDa and 75 kDa) using monoclonal antibodies, the binding activity of lymphotoxin to the receptors was less than 1/3 that of TNF, but lymphotoxin could bind to both TNF receptors. Both receptors were involved in induction of differentiation by TNF. However, lymphotoxin, differed from TNF; it seemed to be weak in sending signals for differentiation through the 75 kDa receptor.
Context modeling and entropy coding of wavelet coefficients for image compression (2002)

In this paper we study the problem of context modeling and entropy coding of the symbol streams generated by the well-known EZW image coder (embedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients). We present some simple context modeling techniques that can squeeze out more statistical redundancy in the wavelet coefficients of EZW-type image coders and hence lead to improved coding efficiency.
Chelation of 238Pu ( IV ) in Vivo by 3,4,3-LICAM ( C ) Effects of Ligand Methylation and Ph (1989)

The linear tetracarboxycatecholate ligand, 3,4,3-LICAM(C) (N1,N5,N10,N14-tetrakis(2,3-dihydroxy-4-carboxybenzoyl-tetraaza tet radecane, tetra sodium salt) injected within 1 h after injection of Pu(IV) citrate, removes about the same fraction of Pu from animals as CaNa3-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, calcium, sodium salt) but removes less inhaled Pu than CaNa3-DTPA and leaves a Pu residue in the renal cortex. However, the formation constant of the expected Pu-3,4,3-LICAM(C) complexes are orders of magnitude greater than that of Pu-DTPA, and 3,4,3-LICAM(C) is 100 times more efficient than CaNa3-DTPA for removing Pu from transferrin in vitro. Because the formation constants of their actinide complexes are central to in vivo actinide chelation, ligand design strategies are dominated by the search for ligands with large Pu complex stabilities, and it was necessary to explain the failure of 3,4,3-LICAM(C) to achieve its thermodynamic potential in vivo. All the batches of 3,4,3-LICAM(C) prepared at Berkeley or in France [Euro-LICAM(C)] were found by high-pressure liquid chromatography to be mixtures of the pure ligand [55% in Berkeley preparations, 8.5% in Euro-LICAM(C)] and its four methylesters. A revised synthesis for 3,4,3-LICAM(C) is appended to this report. All of the incompletely hydrolyzed 3,4,3-LICAM(C) preparations and the pure ligand were tested for removal of Pu from mice [238Pu(IV) citrate intravenous, 30 mumol kg-1 of ligand at 1 h, kill at 24 h, radioanalyze tissues and separated excretal]. The presence of methylesters did not significantly impair the ability of the ligands to remove Pu from mice, and it did not alter the fraction of injected Pu deposited in kidneys. Temporary elevation (reduction) of plasma and urine pH of mice by 0.5 mL of 0.1 M NaHCO3 (NH4Cl) injected before or simultaneously with pure 3,4,3-LICAM(C) somewhat improved (significantly reduced) Pu excretion but had little influence on Pu deposition in kidneys. Review of the investigations of Pu removal from animals by 3,4,3-LICAM(C) revealed that the fractional renal Pu deposit was characteristic of the species and that it could be reduced by vigorous alkalinization which indicated the need to examine the details of the pH dependence of Pu complexation by 3,4,3-LICAM(C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria in live drilling muds, core materials and reservoir formation brine from new oilfields (1997)

Abstract The sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) produce the toxic gas hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) and cause numerous problems in the oil and gas industry. It has been suggested that these organisms are either introduced to the formation by drilling or water injection or that they may be indigenous. Little is known of the activity and survival mechanisms of the SRB under reservoir conditions. In this study a number of samples from hydrocarbon reservoirs were inoculated into sulphate-rich growth medium to determine the presence and activity of the SRB. The samples studied included freshly drilled core material and live drilling muds. The majority of samples analysed contained SRB which produced H 2 S to varying degrees following different incubation times. Organisms capable of producing H 2 S at temperatures up to 95°C were detected. Often long incubation periods, in excess of 6 months, were necessary before H 2 S was produced. Many of the blank mud samples analysed (e.g. prior to use in the well) were already contaminated with sulphidogenic bacteria. Some of the cultures obtained to date have been studied in reservoir conditions core flood tests. It is hoped that the use of these laboratory tests will highlight any potentially damaging reactions prior to their occurrence in hydrocarbon formations.
Estimation of Cardiac Output by Bioimpedance Cardiography (1990)

Changes in thoracic electrical bioimpedance during the cardiac cycle have been related to the ejection of the stroke volume of blood during cardiac systole. Refinements in the recording and analysis of these changes permit estimation of cardiac output. Encouraging reports comparing results obtained by this method and those obtained simultaneously using the current standard invasive method have been published. While there are limitations, the advantages of this technique are sufficient to make bioimpedance cardiography attractive to the military physician. It is for these reasons that the principles of this technology are reviewed in this paper.
Monolayer Halftone Phase-Shifting Mask for KrF Excimer Laser Lithography (1993)

A new monolayer halftone phase-shifting mask has been developed. The phase-shifting film consists of the compounds SiO 2 and Cr 2 O 3 . The transmittance of the film is controlled by changing the mixing ratio of the two materials. Our mask can be easily fabricated because the structure of the mask is very simple and the film is considerably thicker than the Cr layer of the original double-layer halftone phase-shifting mask. Experimental results using a KrF excimer laser stepper confirm the effect of increasing the depth of focus of hole patterns.
Fire, Flames And Dimensional Analysis (1991)

In the context of the relationship between the fire safety engineer and the fire scientist a few scientific and engineering problems are discussed. Some comments are made about engineering theories of plumes and flames and a dimensionless correlation of the length of flames from a corner source under a ceiling is presented. Fire safety engineers may now be able to exploit a thermal theory of upward flame spread using data obtained by recently developedflammabili ty tes t s .
Labeling Efficacy of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Human Neural Stem Cells: Comparison of Ferumoxides, Monocrystalline Iron Oxide, Cross-linked Iron Oxide (CLIO)-NH2 and tat-CLIO (2007)

For MR imaging, hNSCs can be efficiently labeled with tat-CLIO alone or with a combination of ferumoxides, MION, CLIO-NH(2) and the transfection agent PLL.
A covalently trapped folding intermediate of subtilisin E: Spontaneous dimerization of a prosubtilisin E Ser49Cys mutant in vivo and its autoprocessing in vitro (1994)

The propeptide of subtilisin E (the N-terminal 77 amino acid extension) is required for the proper folding of the nascent mature protein and is also a potent and specific inhibitor of the active enzyme. Previous studies have demonstrated that the propeptide can renature denatured mature sequence either in cis or in trans and can be considered an intramolecular chaperone, since it is not required for activity of the mature enzyme. In this paper it is shown that a prosubtilisin-S49C mutant can be expressed in Escherichia coli either as a monomer or as a disulfide-linked dimer, (prosubtilisin-S49C)2, depending on the vector selected. Interconversion between (prosubtilisin-S49C)2 and prosubtilisin-S49C could be readily achieved by reduction and oxidation in denaturing solutions, such as guanidine hydrochloride or urea. While the monomer can undergo autoprocessing in vitro under refolding conditions, the dimer is trapped in an intermediate state which could not be processed into active enzyme. Remarkably, the autoprocessing of this trapped intermediate could be induced readily upon reduction by dithiothreitol. This disulfide-linked (prosubtilisin-S49C)2 is fairly stable, but does tend to aggregate when the ionic strength of the solution is reduced below 0.1 M. The disulfide-linked (prosubtilisin-S49C)2 has far- and near-UV CD spectra revealing the presence of both secondary and tertiary structures, respectively, similar to those of the active mature monomer. Hence this autoprocessing-competent state appears to be a "late" folding intermediate, arising after the "molten globule" state formed in the absence of the prosequence, that has no discernible tertiary structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Selenocysteine inserting tRNAs: an overview (1999)

One of the recent discoveries in protein biosynthesis was the finding that selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid, is cotranslationally inserted into polypeptides under the direction of a UGA codon assisted by a specific structural signal in the mRNA. The key to selenocysteine biosynthesis and insertion is a special tRNA species, tRNA(Sec). The formation of selenocysteine from serine represents an interesting tRNA-mediated amino acid transformation. tRNA(Sec) (or the gene encoding it) has been found over all three domains of life. It displays a number of unique features that designate it a selenocysteine-inserting tRNA and differentiate it from canonical elongator tRNAs. Although there are still some uncertainties concerning the precise secondary and tertiary structures of eukaryal tRNA(Sec), the major identity determinant for selenocysteine biosynthesis and insertion appears to be the 13 bp long extended acceptor arm. In addition the core of the 3D structure of these tRNAs is different from that of class II tRNAs like tRNA(Sec). The biological implications of these structural differences still remain to be fully understood.
Early detection of extravasation of radiographic contrast medium. Work in progress. (1992)

Microwave radiometry is a passive and noninvasive technique that allows quick detection of subcutaneous temperature changes. The feasibility of this technique for differentiating normal intravenous infusions of radiographic contrast medium from extravasations of contrast medium was tested in anesthetized dogs. Room-temperature and heated ionic and nonionic contrast media were administered at flow rates ranging from 0.2 to 9.9 mL/sec by means of a power injector. On the basis of these experiments, an algorithm to adjust for extravasation detection thresholds as a function of injection flow rates was developed. With this algorithm, results showed a false-positive rate of 0% at all infusion rates and false-negative rates of 2%, 2%, and 4% at pump speeds of 0.2, 1.0, and 9.9 mL/sec, respectively. The times of these extravasation "alarms" corresponded to maximum extravasated volumes, respectively, of 4, 6.5, and 8 mL. Microwave radiometry has clinical potential for early detection of extravasation of contrast medium administered with power injectors.
Kinetics and mechanism of kappa number determination (1998)

The kinetics and mechanism involved in the kappa number determination have been studied using a spectrophotometric method to monitor the oxidation of pine kraft pulp as well as of model compounds f ...
A Hidden-State Maximum Entropy Model Forword Confidence Estimation (2007)

We propose a probabilistic model for estimating word confidence by fusing predictor features. Starting from the maximum entropy (ME) method, we first prove that ME model is equivalent to the best model with certain form to the minimum expected cross entropy (MECE) criterion. Under the MECE criterion, We extend the form of ME model by introducing a hidden state. We call the new model hidden-state maximum entropy (HSME) model. In a keyword-spotting task, we combine predictor features from both phonetic and word-level systems. Compared to lattice posterior alone, recall at 80% precision is improved from 38.1% to 49.5% on voicemail and from 37.1% to 51.9% on Switchboard. Compared with other fusion methods, HSME consistently outperforms decision tree, and most cases SVM.
Enzymatic synthesis of estolides by a bioreactor (1997)

Abstract An attempt was made to synthesize ricinoleic acid estolides effectively with a bioreactor system containing immobilized lipase. The optimal water content for reaction changed during synthesis of estolide from ricinoleic acid. The water content needs to be controlled to optimize conditions for each reaction stage and to prepare estolide with a high degree of condensation. The estolide synthesis was attempted to confirm if the reaction would have proceeded to the targeted degree of condensation by controlling the reaction mixture under the optimal water content. The result showed that, with the bioreactor, the reaction could proceed rapidly. A repeated batch reaction was possible in the bioreactor. The amount of lipase used can thus be highly reduced compared with discarding it each time. The loading density of enzyme onto the carrier greatly affected enzymatic activity, with a loading level of 60 mg lipase/g carrier producing 60% more estolide per gram of enzyme than a loading level of 120 mg/g. The estolide product synthesized in the bioreactor showed no coloration during the reaction process. This fact confirmed the validity of the proposed method.
Analysis of Multiple Forms of Nuclear Factor I in Human and Murine Cell Lines (1990)

Nuclear factor I (NFI) is a group of related site-specific DNA-binding proteins that function in adenovirus DNA replication and cellular RNA metabolism. We have measured both the levels and forms of NFI that interact with a well-characterized 26-base-pair NFI-binding site. Five different NFI-DNA complexes were seen in HeLa nuclear extracts by using a gel mobility shift (GMS) assay. In addition, at least six forms of NFI were shown to cross-link directly to DNA by using a UV cross-linking assay. The distinct GMS complexes detected were composed of different subspecies of NFI polypeptides as assayed by UV cross-linking. Different murine cell lines possessed varying levels and forms of NFI binding activity, as judged by nitrocellulose filter binding and GMS assays. The growth state of NIH 3T3 cells affected both the types of NFI-DNA complexes seen in a GMS assay and the forms of the protein detected by UV cross-linking.