gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed and Parallel Computing (2025)

Master the growing field of distributed and parallel computing with this essential guide, offering expert insights into the fundamentals and real-world applications for intelligent and collaborative systems. Distributed computing, or running programs across multiple computers over a network, is becoming a popular solution for addressing the demands for increased performance across industries, including scientific computing, oil exploration, biotechnology, and medicine. Distributed computing enables seamless communication and collaboration by allowing users from different locations to access and interact with their digital twin simultaneously. Distributed computing enhances the capabilities of digital twins by providing scalability, parallel processing, real-time data integration, collaboration support, resource optimization, fault tolerance, and security features. Distributed and Parallel Computing explores the fundamentals and innovations in intelligent and distributed computing systems and applications, including adaptivity and learning, agents and multi-agent systems, argumentation, case-based reasoning, and collaborative systems. Through expert insights, readers will discover promising real-world applications for this emerging technology.
Exploiting method-level parallelism in single-threaded Java programs (1998)

Method speculation of object-oriented programs attempts to exploit method-level parallelism (MLP) by executing sequential method invocations in parallel, while still maintaining correct sequential ordering of data dependencies and memory accesses. In this paper, we show why the Java virtual machine is an effective environment for exploiting method-level parallelism, and demonstrate how method speculation can potentially speed up single-threaded general purpose Java programs. Results from our study show that significant speedups can be achieved on data-parallel applications with minimal programmer and compiler effort. On control-flow dependent programs, moderate speedups have been achieved, suggesting more significant performance improvements on these types of programs may come from more careful analysis or re-coding of the application. For both classes of applications, we discover performance debugging drastically improves speedups by eliminating or minimizing dependencies that limit the effectiveness of method speculation.
Aberrant Expression of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor by T Cells from Patients with Graves’ Disease May Carry Functional Consequences for Disease Pathogenesis (2007)

Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune process involving thyroid and orbital tissue, is associated with lymphocyte abnormalities including expansion of memory T cells. Insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R)-bearing fibroblasts overpopulate connective tissues in GD. IGF-1R on fibroblasts, when ligated with IgGs from these patients, results in the expression of the T cell chemoattractants, IL-16 and RANTES. We now report that a disproportionately large fraction of peripheral blood T cells express IGF-1R (CD3+IGF-R+). CD3+IGF-1R+ T cells comprise 48 +/- 4% (mean +/- SE; n = 33) in patients with GD compared with 15 +/- 3% (n = 21; p < 10(-8)) in controls. This increased population of IGF-1R+ T cells results, at least in part, from an expansion of CD45RO+ T cells expressing the receptor. In contrast, the fraction of CD45RA+IGF-1R+ T cells is similar in GD and controls. T cells harvested from affected orbital tissues in GD reflect similar differences in the proportion of IGF-1R+CD3+ and IGF-1R+CD4+CD3+ cells as those found in the peripheral circulation. GD-derived peripheral T cells express durable, constitutive IGF-1R expression in culture and receptor levels are further up-regulated following CD3 complex activation. IGF-1 enhanced GD-derived T cell incorporation of BrdU (p < 0.02) and inhibited Fas-mediated apoptosis (p < 0.02). These findings suggest a potential role for IGF-1R displayed by lymphocytes in supporting the expansion of memory T cells in GD.
Advanced Engineering Strategies for Periodontal Complex Regeneration (2016)

The regeneration and integration of multiple tissue types is critical for efforts to restore the function of musculoskeletal complex. In particular, the neogenesis of periodontal constructs for systematic tooth-supporting functions is a current challenge due to micron-scaled tissue compartmentalization, oblique/perpendicular orientations of fibrous connective tissues to the tooth root surface and the orchestration of multiple regenerated tissues. Although there have been various biological and biochemical achievements, periodontal tissue regeneration remains limited and unpredictable. The purpose of this paper is to discuss current advanced engineering approaches for periodontal complex formations; computer-designed, customized scaffolding architectures; cell sheet technology-based multi-phasic approaches; and patient-specific constructs using bioresorbable polymeric material and 3-D printing technology for clinical application. The review covers various advanced technologies for periodontal complex regeneration and state-of-the-art therapeutic avenues in periodontal tissue engineering.
Time correlation statistics of the LMS adaptive algorithm weights (2005)

The transient and steady-state weight correlation statistics of both the real and complex LMS adaptive filters are obtained when the inputs are independent samples from real and circularly Gaussian processes respectively. A matrix relationship is derived between the covariance matrix of the weight vector at two different times and the covariance matrix of the weights at one time. These expressions show that the weight fluctuations have the same time constants as the mean behavior of the LMS algorithm itself (i.e., the weights are correlated over the same number of iterations that it takes for the algorithm to converge to the Wiener weights for stationary inputs).
Disproportionately increased proinsulin levels are associated with the insulin resistance syndrome. (1994)

Recent data suggest that proinsulin may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. We examined the relation of insulin, proinsulin, and the fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio to a number of metabolic disorders believed to be related to the insulin resistance syndrome (low high density lipoprotein cholesterol and high triglyceride levels, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance). Proinsulin was measured by a RIA, and insulin was measured by a Linco RIA that does not cross-react with proinsulin. The increased fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio was significantly associated with hypertension, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol and high triglyceride levels, and impaired glucose tolerance in 423 nondiabetic subjects. The fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio increased significantly with the number of metabolic disorders (zero, 0.060; one, 0.086; two, 0.098; three, 0.177; four, 0.182; P < 0.001). The increased proinsulin/insulin ratio was also associated with a greater number of metabolic disorders in diabetic subjects. Our results show that particularly nondiabetic individuals with the insulin resistance syndrome not only have hyperinsulinemia as a marker of insulin resistance, but also show an increase in proinsulin relative to insulin, which may reflect relative beta-cell failure or malfunction.
Switchable Reactivity: The Site-Selective Functionalization of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Pyrazoles (2002)

Modern organometallic methods enable the regioflexible conversion of simple heterocyclic starting materials into families of isomers and congeners. Depending on the choice of the reagent, 1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (1) undergoes deprotonation and subsequent carboxylation mainly or exclusively at either the 4-position of the heterocycle or at the nitrogen-attached methyl group. Similarly, 1-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (5) and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (8) are selectively attacked by lithium diisopropylamide at the heterocyclic 4-position and by butyllithium concomitantly at the 4-position and the ortho position of the phenyl ring. In contrast, metalation of 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (2) occurs only at the 5-position, whatever the organometallic or metal amide base. Further sites become accessible to functionalization if bromine is introduced into the heterocyclic or aromatic ring. This has been demonstrated with 4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (3), 4-bromo-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (4), 4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (7) and 1-(2-bromophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (6). (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Novel Radiation Response Genes Identified in Gene-Trapped MCF10A Mammary Epithelial Cells (2007)

We have used a gene-trapping strategy to screen human mammary epithelial cells for radiation response genes. Relative mRNA expression levels of five candidate genes in MCF10A cells were analyzed, both with and without exposure to radiation. In all five cases, the trapped genes were significantly down-regulated after radiation treatment. Sequence analysis of the fusion transcripts identified the trapped genes: (1) the human androgen receptor, (2) the uncharacterized DREV1 gene, which has known homology to DNA methyltransferases, (3) the human creatine kinase gene, (4) the human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2, and (5) the human ribosomal protein L27. All five genes were down-regulated significantly after treatment with varying doses of ionizing radiation (0.10 to 4.0 Gy) and at varying times (2-30 h after treatment). The genes were also analyzed in human fibroblast and lymphoblastoid cell lines to determine whether the radiation response being observed was cell-type specific. The results verified that the observed radiation response was not a cell-type-specific phenomenon, suggesting that the genes play essential roles in the radiation damage control pathways. This study demonstrates the potential of the gene-trap approach for the identification and functional analysis of novel radiation response genes.
Physicochemical and Drug Delivery Aspects of Lipid-Based Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles: A Case Study of Intravenously Administered Propofol (2006)

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNP) formed through lipid self-assembly have a range of attractive properties as in vivo drug delivery carriers. In particular they offer: a wide solubilization spectrum, and consequently high drug payloads; effective encapsulation; stabilization and protection of sensitive drug substances. Here we present basic physicochemical features of non-lamellar LCNP systems with a focus on intravenous drug applications. This is exemplified by the formulation properties and in vivo behavior using the drug substance propofol; a well-known anesthetic agent currently used in clinical practice in the form of a stable emulsion. In order to appraise the drug delivery features of the LCNP system the current study was carried out with a marketed propofol emulsion product as reference. In this comparison the propofol-LCNP formulation shows several useful features including: higher drug-loading capacity, lower fat-load, excellent stability, modified pharmacokinetics, and an indication of increased effect duration.
Electric-Field-Induced Magnetization Reversal in a Ferromagnet-Multiferroic Heterostructure (2011)

A reversal of magnetization requiring only the application of an electric field can lead to low-power spintronic devices by eliminating conventional magnetic switching methods. Here we show a nonvolatile, room temperature magnetization reversal determined by an electric field in a ferromagnet-multiferroic system. The effect is reversible and mediated by an interfacial magnetic coupling dictated by the multiferroic. Such electric-field control of a magnetoelectric device demonstrates an avenue for next-generation, low-energy consumption spintronics.
The Arabidopsis Plastidic Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B Proteins. Sequence and Activity Characteristics, Comparison of the Expression with Plastidic Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A, and Induction by Photooxidative Stress (2005)

Two types of methionine (Met) sulfoxide reductases (Msr) catalyze the reduction of Met sulfoxide (MetSO) back to Met. MsrA, well characterized in plants, exhibits an activity restricted to the Met-S-SO-enantiomer. Recently, a new type of Msr enzyme, called MsrB, has been identified in various organisms and shown to catalytically reduce the R-enantiomer of MetSO. In plants, very little information is available about MsrB and we focused our attention on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MsrB proteins. Searching Arabidopsis genome databases, we have identified nine open reading frames encoding proteins closely related to MsrB proteins from bacteria and animal cells. We then analyzed the activity and abundance of the two chloroplastic MsrB proteins, MsrB1 and MsrB2. Both enzymes exhibit an absolute R-stereospecificity for MetSO and a higher catalytic efficiency when using protein-bound MetSO as a substrate than when using free MetSO. Interestingly, we observed that MsrB2 is reduced by thioredoxin, whereas MsrB1 is not. This feature of MsrB1 could result from the lack of the catalytical cysteine (Cys) corresponding to Cys-63 in Escherichia coli MsrB that is involved in the regeneration of Cys-117 through the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bridge followed by thioredoxin reduction. We investigated the abundance of plastidial MsrA and B in response to abiotic (water stress, photooxidative treatment) and biotic (rust fungus) stresses and we observed that MsrA and B protein levels increase in response to the photooxidative treatment. The possible role of plastidic MsrB in the tolerance to oxidative damage is discussed.
The zero‐crossing rate of <i>p</i>th‐order autoregressive processes (1997)

He and Kedem have studied the relationship between the zero‐ crossing rate (ZCR) of a second‐o rder autoregressive process and its characteristic roots and have found that, when the roots are on the unit circle, the ZCR converges in mean square to θ/π very quickly regardless of the noise level. In this paper, the ZCR of a p th‐order autoregressive process ((AR) p ) is investigated. The relationships betwe en the ZCR and the one‐step asymptotic correlation function (ACF) and between the one‐step ACF and the characteristic roots of the AR( p ) model are discussed, and some links between the convergence rate of the ZCR and the characte ristic roots are considered.
10.5: Ultra High Contrast Color Management System for Projection Displays (2003)

Abstract A high‐performance color management architecture is presented for use in 2‐ and 3‐panel LCoS projection display systems. Benefits of the proposed system include extremely high contrast at low f/−, excellent uniformity, adjustable color gamut, high reliability, and elimination of stress birefringence issues that have plagued previous color management systems for LCoS. We discuss the design and conceptual layouts of the new UltreX™ architecture and present experimental results for 2‐ and 3‐panel prototype systems.
Communication Port: A Language Concept for Concurrent Programming (1980)

A new language concept–communication port (CP), is introduced for programming on distributed processor networks. Such a network can contain an arbitrary number of processors each with its own private storage but with no memory sharing. The processors must communicate via explicit message passing. Communication port is an encapsulation of two language properties: "communication non-determinism" and "communication disconnect time." It provides a tool for progranmers to write well-structured, modular, and efficient concurrent programs. A number of examples are given in the paper to demonstrate the power of the new concepts.
Convergence of Calcium Signaling Pathways of Pathogenic Elicitors and Abscisic Acid in Arabidopsis Guard Cells   (2002)

A variety of stimuli, such as abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and elicitors of plant defense reactions, have been shown to induce stomatal closure. Our study addresses commonalities in the signaling pathways that these stimuli trigger. A recent report showed that both ABA and ROS stimulate an NADPH-dependent, hyperpolarization-activated Ca(2+) influx current in Arabidopsis guard cells termed "I(Ca)" (Z.M. Pei, Y. Murata, G. Benning, S. Thomine, B. Klüsener, G.J. Allen, E. Grill, J.I. Schroeder, Nature [2002] 406: 731-734). We found that yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) elicitor and chitosan, both elicitors of plant defense responses, also activate this current and activation requires cytosolic NAD(P)H. These elicitors also induced elevations in the concentration of free cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) and stomatal closure in guard cells. ABA and ROS elicited [Ca(2+)](cyt) oscillations in guard cells only when extracellular Ca(2+) was present. In a 5 mM KCl extracellular buffer, 45% of guard cells exhibited spontaneous [Ca(2+)](cyt) oscillations that differed in their kinetic properties from ABA-induced Ca(2+) increases. These spontaneous [Ca(2+)](cyt) oscillations also required the availability of extracellular Ca(2+) and depended on the extracellular potassium concentration. Interestingly, when ABA was applied to spontaneously oscillating cells, ABA caused cessation of [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevations in 62 of 101 cells, revealing a new mode of ABA signaling. These data show that fungal elicitors activate a shared branch with ABA in the stress signal transduction pathway in guard cells that activates plasma membrane I(Ca) channels and support a requirement for extracellular Ca(2+) for elicitor and ABA signaling, as well as for cellular [Ca(2+)](cyt) oscillation maintenance.
Optimization Methods for Electric Power Systems: An Overview (2005)

Power systems optimization problems are very difficult to solve because power systems are very large, complex, geographically widely distributed and are influenced by many unexpected events. It is therefore necessary to employ most efficient optimization methods to take full advantages in simplifying the formulation and implementation of the problem. This article presents an overview of important mathematical optimization and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in power optimization problems. Applications of hybrid AI techniques have also been discussed in this article.
Interpretable Structure-Evolving LSTM (2017)

This paper develops a general framework for learning interpretable data representation via Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks over hierarchal graph structures. Instead of learning LSTM models over the pre-fixed structures, we propose to further learn the intermediate interpretable multi-level graph structures in a progressive and stochastic way from data during the LSTM network optimization. We thus call this model the structure-evolving LSTM. In particular, starting with an initial element-level graph representation where each node is a small data element, the structure-evolving LSTM gradually evolves the multi-level graph representations by stochastically merging the graph nodes with high compatibilities along the stacked LSTM layers. In each LSTM layer, we estimate the compatibility of two connected nodes from their corresponding LSTM gate outputs, which is used to generate a merging probability. The candidate graph structures are accordingly generated where the nodes are grouped into cliques with their merging probabilities. We then produce the new graph structure with a Metropolis-Hasting algorithm, which alleviates the risk of getting stuck in local optimums by stochastic sampling with an acceptance probability. Once a graph structure is accepted, a higher-level graph is then constructed by taking the partitioned cliques as its nodes. During the evolving process, representation becomes more abstracted in higher-levels where redundant information is filtered out, allowing more efficient propagation of long-range data dependencies. We evaluate the effectiveness of structure-evolving LSTM in the application of semantic object parsing and demonstrate its advantage over state-of-the-art LSTM models on standard benchmarks.
Augmenting the Field-of-View of Head-Mounted Displays with Sparse Peripheral Displays (2016)

In this paper, we explore the concept of a sparse peripheral display, which augments the field-of-view of a head-mounted display with a lightweight, low-resolution, inexpensively produced array of LEDs surrounding the central high-resolution display. We show that sparse peripheral displays expand the available field-of-view up to 190º horizontal, nearly filling the human field-of-view. We prototyped two proof-of-concept implementations of sparse peripheral displays: a virtual reality headset, dubbed SparseLightVR, and an augmented reality headset, called SparseLightAR. Using SparseLightVR, we conducted a user study to evaluate the utility of our implementation, and a second user study to assess different visualization schemes in the periphery and their effect on simulator sickness. Our findings show that sparse peripheral displays are useful in conveying peripheral information and improving situational awareness, are generally preferred, and can help reduce motion sickness in nausea-susceptible people.
Evaluation of user throughput for MU-MIMO coordinated wireless networks (2008)

Interference management is essential toward improving spectral efficiency in wireless networks. During the last decade inter-antenna interference management via multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) transmission has attracted attention for its capability to enhance link spectral efficiency. In a cellular environment, however, inter-cell interference imposes another limit on link spectral efficiency and for MIMO transmission in particular only a marginal portion of the expected gains is obtained. In this paper, as a candidate solution to reduce inter-cell interference and consequently enhance the gains achieved by MIMO, we investigate a coordinated wireless network where multiple base stations are connected to a central station that multiuser (MU)-MIMO precodes ongoing simultaneous transmissions from all coordinated base stations. Specifically, our main goal is to clarify the impact of coordination on spectral efficiency and evaluate user throughput with and without transmit power optimization, for both a hotspot scenario where all base stations can be coordinated (full coordination) and a cellular scenario where only the base stations grouped under the same cluster are coordinated (partial coordination).
Oral Administration of Skin Gelatin Isolated from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Enhances Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats (2011)

Care for diabetic wounds remains a significant clinical problem. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of skin gelatin from Chum Salmon on defective wound repair in the skin of diabetic rats. Full-thickness excisional skin wounds were made in 48 rats, of which 32 were diabetes. The diabetic rats were orally treated daily for 14 days with skin gelatin from Chum Salmon (2 g/kg) or its vehicle. Sixteen non-diabetic control rats received the same amount of water as vehicle-treated non-diabetic rats. Rats were killed to assess the rate of wound closure, microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hydroxyproline (HP) contents in wound tissues and nitrate in plasma and wound tissue at 7 and 14 days after wounding. Skin gelatin-treated diabetic rats showed a better wound closure, increased MVD, VEGF, hydroxyproline and NO contents and a reduced extent of inflammatory response. All parameters were significant (P < 0.05) in comparison to vehicle-treated diabetic group. In light of our finding that skin gelatin of Chum Salmon promotes skin wound repair in diabetic rats, we propose that oral administration of Chum Salmon skin gelatin might be a beneficial method for treating wound disorders associated with diabetes.