gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topographic mapping from interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations (1986)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations provide a means for obtaining high‐resolution topographic terrain maps from data acquired simultaneously at two slightly displaced antennas. Calculation of the three‐dimensional coordinates of all the points in a radar image can be made from the combination of along‐track, slant range, and interferometer fringe measurements. Thus the result compensates for the layover exhibited by conventional radar maps and removes the false targets generated by multiple signal paths to a given object in the scene. We have derived a topographic map of a portion of the San Francisco Bay Area utilizing data that were recorded by a radar system mounted on a NASA CV990 aircraft and processed by a general purpose digital computer. This map displays the height above sea level of a region approximately 11 km by 10 km in size, sampled on an 11‐m pixel grid. Uncertainties in the estimated height result from imprecise knowledge of the observational geometry, radar bandwidth limitations, and finite signal‐to‐noise ratios. For our system, each factor contributed approximately 3–4 m to a relative rms error of about 6 m. Additional global errors of the order of 10 m can result from inaccurate monitoring of aircraft attitude. The statistical variation of the height measurements from the ocean portion of the map, which we can presume to be quite flat, is 2–10 m rms, which is consistent with the theoretical estimate. Comparison of our results with U.S. Geological Survey contour maps indicates a high degree of correlation between the two sets of altitude data.
A daily global mesoscale ocean eddy dataset from satellite altimetry (2015)

Mesoscale ocean eddies are ubiquitous coherent rotating structures of water with radial scales on the order of 100 kilometers. Eddies play a key role in the transport and mixing of momentum and tracers across the World Ocean. We present a global daily mesoscale ocean eddy dataset that contains ~45 million mesoscale features and 3.3 million eddy trajectories that persist at least two days as identified in the AVISO dataset over a period of 1993-2014. This dataset, along with the open-source eddy identification software, extract eddies with any parameters (minimum size, lifetime, etc.), to study global eddy properties and dynamics, and to empirically estimate the impact eddies have on mass or heat transport. Furthermore, our open-source software may be used to identify mesoscale features in model simulations and compare them to observed features. Finally, this dataset can be used to study the interaction between mesoscale ocean eddies and other components of the Earth System.
A standoff system for noncooperative ocular biometrics (2012)

The iris and more recently vascular patterns seen on the white of the eye have been considered for ocular biometrics. The non-contact nature, uniqueness, and permanence of ocular features makes them promising. Among new challenges are to develop commercial systems for less constrained environments and at extended distances. Such systems need to have minimal burden on the user and be robust for non-cooperative users. We present the design and development of standoff system for noncooperative ocular biometrics using system integration approach. Review of existing commercial and experimental long-range biometric systems is presented. The process of selection of sensors and illumination techniques is described. The development of user interfaces and algorithms for a working prototype is explained. The performance is evaluated with images of 28 subjects, acquired at distances up to 9 meters. The conflicting requirements for the design of this standoff biometric system, and the resulting performance limitations with impact on image quality are discussed.
Desmin Mutation Responsible for Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (1999)

A novel missense mutation of desmin, Ile451Met, was identified as the genetic cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. This finding is of particular significance because this is the first mutation detected in the desmin tail domain, and the function of the desmin tail remains unknown. Because this mutation leads to a restricted cardiac phenotype in the family studied in the present report, it suggests that the tail of desmin plays an important functional role in cardiac tissue.
Syndecan-4 mediates antithrombin-induced chemotaxis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes (2002)

Antithrombin inhibits chemokine-induced migration of neutrophils by activating heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent signaling. Whether antithrombin affects migration of other types of leukocytes is not known. We investigated the effects of antithrombin on spontaneous and chemokine-triggered migration of lymphocytes and monocytes from human peripheral blood in modified Boyden chamber micropore filter assays. Lymphocyte and monocyte populations from human peripheral blood were purified using magnetic antibody cell sorting. The signaling mechanisms required for antithrombin-dependent migration were studied using signaling enzyme blockers. Expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein was studied by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The antithrombins used were Kybernin P from human plasma and a monoclonal-antibody-purified preparation from this plasma. Pretreatment of lymphocytes and monocytes with antithrombin inhibited chemotaxis toward optimal concentrations of interleukin-8 or Rantes (regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and activated) at concentrations of antithrombin as low as 10 nU/ml. In the absence of the chemokines, direct exposure of cells to gradients of antithrombin stimulated migration. Effects of antithrombin were abolished by pretreating cells with heparinase-1, chondroitinase, sodium chlorate and anti-syndecan-4 antibodies. Expression of syndecan-4 mRNA and protein in monocytes and lymphocytes was demonstrated in RT-PCR and anti-syndecan-4 immunoreactivity assays, respectively. In the presence of pentasaccharide, antithrombin lost its effect on cells. Data indicate that antithrombin directly inhibits chemokine-stimulated migration of monocytes and lymphocytes via the effects of its heparin-binding site on cell surface syndecan-4 by activation of protein kinase C and Rho signaling.
Determination of the Binding Site on the Extracellular Domain of Guanylyl Cyclase C to Heat-stable Enterotoxin (1999)

Guanylyl cyclase C, one of the family of membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases, consists of an extracellular domain and an intracellular domain, which are connected by a single transmembrane polypeptide. The extracellular domain binds unique small polypeptides with high specificity, which include the endogenous peptide hormones, guanylin and uroguanylin, as well as an exogenous enterotoxigenic peptide, heat-stable enterotoxin, secreted by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Information on this specific binding is propagated into the intracellular domain, followed by the synthesis of cGMP, a second messenger that regulates a variety of intracellular physiological processes. This study reports the design of a photoaffinity labeled analog of heat-stable enterotoxin (biotinyl-(AC(5))(2)-[Gly(4), Pap(11)]STp(4-17)), which incorporates a Pap residue (p-azidophenylalanine) at position 11 and a biotin moiety at the N terminus, and the use of this analog to determine the ligand-binding region of the extracellular domain of guanylyl cyclase C. The endoproteinase Lys-C digestion of the extracellular domain, which was covalently labeled by this ligand, and mass spectrometric analyses of the digest revealed that the ligand specifically binds to the region (residue 387 to residue 393) of guanylyl cyclase C. This region is localized close to the transmembrane portion of guanylyl cyclase C on the external cellular surface. This result was further confirmed by characterization of site-directed mutants of guanylyl cyclase C in which each amino acid residue was substituted by an Ala residue instead of residues normally located in the region. This experiment provides the first direct demonstration of the ligand-binding site of guanylyl cyclase C and will contribute toward an understanding of the receptor recognition of a ligand and the modeling of the interaction of the receptor and its ligand at the molecular level.
The color-sharing bonus: Roles of perceptual organization and attentive processes in visual working memory. (2015)

Color repetitions in a visual scene boost memory for its elements, a phenomenon known as the color-sharing effect. This may occur because improved perceptual organization reduces information load or because the repetitions capture attention. The implications of these explanations differ drastically for both the theoretical meaning of this effect and its potential value for applications in design of visual materials. If repetitions capture attention to the exclusion of other details, then use of repetition in visual displays should be confined to emphasized details, but if repetitions reduce the load of the display, designers can assume that the nonrepeated information is also more likely to be attended and remembered. We manipulated the availability of general attention during a visual memory task by comparing groups of participants engaged in meaningless speech or attention-demanding continuous arithmetic. We also tracked eye movements as an implicit indicator of selective attention. Estimated memory capacity was always higher when color duplicates were tested, and under full attention conditions this bonus spilled over to the unique colors too. Analyses of gazes showed that with full attention, participants tended to glance earlier at duplicate colors during stimulus presentation but looked more at unique colors during the retention interval. This pattern of results suggests that the color-sharing bonus reflects efficient perceptual organization of the display based on the presence of repetitions, and possibly strategic attention allocation when attention is available.
Leveraging memory mapping for fast and scalable graph computation on a PC (2013)

Large graphs with billions of nodes and edges are increasingly common, calling for new kinds of scalable computation frameworks. Although popular, distributed approaches can be expensive to build, or require many resources to manage or tune. State-of-the-art approaches such as GraphChi and TurboGraph recently have demonstrated that a single machine can efficiently perform advanced computation on billion-node graphs. Although fast, they both use sophisticated data structures, memory management, and optimization techniques. We propose a minimalist approach that forgoes such complexities, by leveraging the memory mapping capability found on operating systems. Our experiments on large datasets, such as a 1.5 billion edge Twitter graph, show that our streamlined approach achieves up to 26 times faster than GraphChi, and comparable to TurboGraph. We contribute our crucial insight that by leveraging memory mapping, a fundamental operating system capability, we can outperform the latest graph computation techniques.
Knowledge-Based Segmentation for Tracking Through Deep Turbulence (2008)

A combined knowledge-based segmentation/active contour algorithm is used for target tracking through turbulence. The algorithm utilizes Bayesian modeling for segmentation of noisy imagery obtained through longrange, laser imaging of a distance target, and active contours for tip tracking. The algorithm demonstrates improved target tracking performance when compared to weighted centroiding. Open-loop and closed-loop comparisons of the algorithms using simulated imagery validate the hypothesis.
Next generation diagnostics of cystic fibrosis and <i>CFTR</i>-related disorders by targeted multiplex high-coverage resequencing of <i>CFTR</i> (2013)

This work is a proof-of-principle that targeted resequencing is an accurate and cost-effective approach for the genetic testing of CF and CFTR-related disorders (ie, male infertility) amenable to the routine clinical practice, and ready to substitute classical molecular methods in medical genetics.
Colorectal Carcinogenesis: MSI‐H Versus MSI‐L (2004)

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a well-recognized phenomenon that is classically a feature of tumors in the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal syndrome. Ten to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers, however, will have MSI. Microsatellite unstable tumors can be divided into two distinct MSI phenotypes: MSI-high (MSI-H) and MSI-low (MSI-L). MSI sporadic colorectal cancers with a high level of MSI (MSI-H) form a well defined group with distinct clinicopathologic features characterized by an overall better long-term prognosis. These sporadic MSI-H colorectal tumors most often arise from the epigenetic silencing of the mismatch repair gene MLH1. In contrast, MSI-L colorectal tumors have not been shown to differ in their clinicopathologic features or in most molecular features from microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Unlike MSI-H tumors, MSI-L tumors appear to arise through the chromosomal instability carcinogenesis pathway, similar to MSS tumors. Some groups have reported more frequent mutations in K-ras and in the methylation of methylguanine transferase in MSI-L tumors, but others have questioned these findings. Therefore, although the use of the MSI-L category is widespread, there continues to be some debate as to whether a discrete MSI-L group truly exists. Rather, it has been suggested that MSI-L tumors differ quantitatively from MSS tumors but do not differ qualitatively. Future studies will need to evaluate the specific mutations in non-MSI-H tumors in an attempt to sub-classify MSI-L tumors with regard to MSS tumors so that subtle differences between these two sub-groups can be identified.
[Purification of recombinant human antithrombin III expressed in a goat mammary bioreactor]. (2014)

Antithrombin III (AT III) is the most important anti-clotting substance. Recombinant human antithrombin III (rhAT III) expressed in transgenic goat milk attracts more and more attention. Develop an effective purification route for rhAT III is vital to its industrial production. An efficient purification method was developed for the rapid purification of rhAT III by isoelectric precipitation and heparin affinity chromatography. First, casein was effectively removed by isoelectric precipitation. rhAT III was further purified by heparin affinity chromatography. In the process of heparin affinity chromatography, the effects of pH and temperature on the stability of rhAT III were studied, and the effects of operating conditions, elution gradient, flow rate and sample loaded, on the purification efficiency were also studied. Under the optimized conditions, the protein recovery of rhAT III was about 90% with purity over 99%, while its activity recovery was about 50%. Such a purification process is very simple and effective, and it would provide a valuable reference for the further scaling-up of industrial production.
Macrocyclic and macropolycyclic compounds based upon 1,3-disubstituted propane units (1988)

Synthetic routes to the macrocyclic polyamine derivatives (1) and (3) are described, together with an investigation of the complexing properties of the triamines (1d) and (3d) with primary alkylammonium cations. Macrotricyclic and macrotetracyclic compounds may be obtained from the macrocycle (1) by a stepwise procedure whereas macrocycle (3b) can be converted into a macrotricyclic derivative in a one step alkylation procedure. The alkylation of the tetrahydropyrimidone (18) with αα′-dibromo-m-xylene gives the calix[4] arene analogue (19) which adopts the ‘cone’(21a) and ‘1,3-alternate’(21b) conformations. The macrocyclic hexa-amine (23) may be synthesized by a simple alkylation procedure whereas the octa-amine (27) required a systematic stepwise synthesis. The hexa-amine salt (23)·6 HBr shows selectivity in forming inclusion complexes with the dicarboxylate anions –O2C(CH2)nCO2–.
A phase 1b, open-label, non-randomized multicenter study of birinapant in combination with conatumumab in subjects with relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, or fallopian tube cancer. (2015)

5571 Background: Treating patients (pts) with relapsed ovarian cancer remains challenging. Birinapant is a bivalent SMAC mimetic in clinical development for solid and hematological malignancies. In vitro there is synergy with birinapant and Amgen's DR-5 agonist antibody, conatumumab. Birinapant alone was not active in relapsed ovarian cancer, but the combination with conatumumab is thought promising. This study sought to determine the safety and tolerability of birinapant with conatumumab in relapsed ovarian cancer. Methods: Pts with relapsed epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer were enrolled to 1 of 2 cohorts. Birinapant was dosed intravenously (IV) at 13 mg/m2 2x weekly, 3 weeks of 4 (Days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, and 18; Cohort 1); and 13 mg/m22x weekly, 4 weeks of 4 (Days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22 and 25; Cohort 2), with conatumumab at a fixed dose of 10 mg/kg IV, on Day 1 and Day 15 for each 28-day cycle. Assessments for dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), as well as safety, clinical response, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics were performed. Results: To date 18 pts have been enrolled; 6 to Cohort 1 and 12 to Cohort 2. DLTs were seen in 1 pt in Cohort 1 (Grade 3 amylase and lipase elevation) and 1 pt in Cohort 2 (Grade 3 cranial nerve palsy). The most common ( ≥ 3 pts) reported adverse events (AE) were fatigue; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; headache; hypomagnesemia; pruritis; chills; constipation; depression; diarrhea; dizziness; pyrexia; mucositis; urinary tract infection. The only serious adverse event seen in > 1 pt was bowel obstruction (2 pts). An additional pt in Cohort 2 developed Grade 2 cranial nerve palsy. The PK of birinapant and conatumumab were unchanged from that reported previously for either agent. Pharmacodynamic evaluation is ongoing. Best response was PR seen in 1 pt; an additional 4 pts demonstrated best response of SD. Median time on study is 1.9 months (0.1-5.9 months). Conclusions: The combination of birinapant plus conatumumab in relapsed ovarian cancer is tolerable. Dose expansion (Cohort 3) is continuing at a dose of birinapant 11 mg/m2 2x weekly, 3 weeks of 4. Clinical trial information: NCT01940172.
Relationship of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 with cardiovascular disease in older community-dwelling women (2011)

Elevated serum FGF23 concentrations are independently associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in older community-dwelling women. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential biological mechanisms by which FGF23 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
RESUSCITATION OF THE ASPHYXIATED NEWBORN INFANT (1953)

It is generally agreed that responsibility for resuscitation of the newborn infant belongs to the anesthesiologist. Under ideal circumstances, an anesthesiologist is present in the delivery room to assume responsibility for resuscitation. Unfortunately, however, most hospitals cannot employ full-time board-qualified anesthetists on the obstetric service. Therefore, resuscitation of the newborn becomes a problem for the obstetrician, pediatrician, and otolaryngologist. The following review and suggested regimen of treatment are recommended as an outline for the attending physician to follow in the absence of a board-qualified anesthesiologist. <h3>ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, AND CLASSIFICATION OF ASPHYXIA</h3> Little and Tovell's<sup>1</sup>excellent review of asphyxia of the newborn divides the etiological factors into three categories: factors associated with the mother, those with the products of conception, and those with the labor and delivery. First, the production of asphyxia neonatorum may be influenced by the mother by such unyielding factors as her age, her parity, and her
Antitumor Activity of a Novel Proteasome Inhibitor BSc2118 Against Multiple Myeloma (2014)

Abstract Background: Although the first generation of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is very effective, the development of resistance limits it long-term utility. In this study, we explored the efficiency and molecular mechanisms of the novel, irreversible proteasome inhibitor BSc2118, particularly, the reversal of bortezomib resistance. Materials and Methods: Human MM cell lines (MM.1S, MM.1R, RPMI-8226, U266, NCI-H929) were treated with BSc2118 at various concentrations for 48h, and assessment for cell viability by CCK-8 assay. MM.1S and MM.1R cells were treated with BSc2118 for 24 hours, and cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were conducted by flow cytometry. Associated molecules were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity assay was performed by using the 20S proteasome assay kit. Ubiquitinated proteins were isolated and determined with ubiquitin enrichment kit. Results: Our results revealed that treatment of MM cell lines with BSc2118 inhibits the chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity and induces accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. BSc2118 inhibits MM cell growth and induces MM apoptosis via induction of G2/M phase arrest, activation of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and PARP, increasing p53, p21 and E2F1, and inhibition of autophagy in MM.1S, MM.1R and RPMI-8226 cell lines. In addition, BSc2118 dramatically inhibits cytokines mRNA, such as IL-6, VEGF and bFGF in both myeloma cells line and primary bone marrow stromal cells from myeloma patients. More importantly, BSc2118 could overcome bortezomib resistance in vitro by using primary CD138 positive plasma cells from bortezomib-resistant myeloma patients and bortezomib resistance cell line ANBL-6 (ANBL-6.BR), most likely as the consequence of inhibition of autophagy flux which is responsible for bortezomib resistance. Conclusion: Our study revealed BSc2118, a novel irreversible proteasome inhibitor, exerts anti-MM effect, mainly through activation of caspase pathway and inhibition of basal autophagy. It is of great importance that BSc2118 could overcome bortezomib resistance via inhibition of autophagy flux. A head to head of BSc2118 versus Bortezomib is performing in human plasmacytoma xenograft tumor model to evaluate drug safety, anti-tumor efficiency, in particular, reversal of bortezomib resistance. Our preclinical study supports clinical evaluation of BSc2118, particularly, overcomes bortezomib resistance, as a potential MM therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Speckle elimination using shift-averaging in high-rate holographic projection (2009)

Speckle is a major source of noise in holographic projection. Time averaging of multiple holograms may be used to reduce speckle contrast, but multiple holograms must be calculated per each frame, costing in computational power. We show that a single hologram may be used to generate a fully speckle-free reconstruction, by cyclic shifting and time averaging. We demonstrate the concept experimentally, and discuss its application for high-rate holographic projection systems.
An Iterative Technique of Time- and Frequency-Domain Clipping for Reducing PAPR of OFDM Signals (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme, which requires no change of a receiver structure or no additional information transmission. The approach we employed is clipping in the time and frequency domains within error vector magnitude (EVM), which is a suboptimal method with lower computational complexity compared to the optimal method. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method is more effective at lower modulation levels with larger constellation errors.