gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric speciation of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) with a gold nanoparticle probe (2013)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have frequently been explored for colorimetric probes for metal ions, including Cr(III), but probes capable of speciation of chromium, i.e., detection of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI), are seldom reported. In this work, by taking advantage of the coordination between Cr(III) and citrate, as well as the ligand effect of citrate for synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs, a colorimetric probe for Cr(III) detection based on citrate-capped AuNPs was reported. Cr(VI) was also detected after reduction to Cr(III). Speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was thus performed. The citrate-capped AuNPs exhibited excellent selectivity toward Cr(III) over other common metal ions. Limits of detection for Cr(III) were 4 μM and 0.3 μM with the naked eye and UV-vis spectroscopic detection, respectively. The analytical performances for Cr(VI) were very much similar to those for Cr(III). The analytical potential of the proposed colorimetric speciation probe was evaluated for successful detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water samples, with spike-recoveries ranging from 96.7 to 106%.
<title>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for process monitoring and control</title> (1993)

An important requirement in many industries is the ability to perform on-line monitoring and control of harsh, multi-phase process streams. During the last ten years, significant progress has occurred in the hardware and applications for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Instrumentation is now available which can perform, in harsh environments, continuous unattended and simultaneous measurements of absorbed (or reflected) and emitted radiation. The applications of FT-IR include: (1) concentrations of multiple species and phases (gases, liquid, particles, surfaces) as low as ppb; (2) temperatures of multiple species and phases (gases, liquid, particles, surfaces) with accuracies as good as +/- 1 degree(s)C at any elevated temperature; (3) measurement of particle sizes; (4) measurement of film thickness; (5) in-situ line-of-sight data; (6) in-situ spatially resolved data using tomography; (7) data on extracted samples; and (8) data on time scales as short as a few milliseconds.
Dissection of mechanisms of Chinese medicinal formula Realgar- <i>Indigo naturalis</i> as an effective treatment for promyelocytic leukemia (2008)

To enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects, practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescribe a combination of plant species/minerals, called formulae, based on clinical experience. Nearly 100,000 formulae have been recorded, but the working mechanisms of most remain unknown. In trying to address the possible beneficial effects of formulae with current biomedical approaches, we use Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula (RIF), which has been proven to be very effective in treating human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) as a model. The main components of RIF are realgar, Indigo naturalis, and Salvia miltiorrhiza, with tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (A), indirubin (I), and tanshinone IIA (T) as major active ingredients, respectively. Here, we report that the ATI combination yields synergy in the treatment of a murine APL model in vivo and in the induction of APL cell differentiation in vitro. ATI causes intensified ubiquitination/degradation of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) oncoprotein, stronger reprogramming of myeloid differentiation regulators, and enhanced G(1)/G(0) arrest in APL cells through hitting multiple targets compared with the effects of mono- or biagents. Furthermore, ATI intensifies the expression of Aquaglyceroporin 9 and facilitates the transportation of A into APL cells, which in turn enhances A-mediated PML-RARalpha degradation and therapeutic efficacy. Our data also indicate A as the principal component of the formula, whereas T and I serve as adjuvant ingredients. We therefore suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formulae at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels may be a good strategy in exploring the value of traditional medicine.
Loss of ER retention and sequestration of the wild-type ELOVL4 by Stargardt disease dominant negative mutants. (2005)

Using this in vitro cell system, we have identified alterations in wild-type ELOVL4 protein localization, aggregate formation, and the induction of cellular stress by the ELOVL4 mutants. We propose that "inactivation" of the wild-type ELOVL4 protein through sequestration to a non-ER compartment by ELOVL4 mutants may play a role in cellular dysfunction.
Time-varying transmission lines (TVTL) - A new pathway to non-reciprocal and intelligent RF front-ends (2014)

Non-reciprocity is achieved with time-varying transmission line (TVTL) whose capacitance is modulated by a traveling wave carrier. Such a structure translates the difference in the propagating directions of the signals to the difference in modulation frequencies. By taking advantages of the low noise, broadband and frequency translation capability of TVTL, non-reciprocal RF front-ends capable of full-duplex communications can be constructed with a single antenna. Such front-ends pave the way for software defined radios as their operations are no longer subjected to the constraints of frequency diplexers.
Lack of Effective MUC1 Tumor Antigen-Specific Immunity in MUC1-Transgenic Mice Results from a Th/T Regulatory Cell Imbalance That Can Be Corrected by Adoptive Transfer of Wild-Type Th Cells (2007)

Glycoprotein tumor Ag MUC1 is overexpressed on the majority of epithelial adenocarcinomas. CTLs that recognize MUC1 and can kill tumor cells that express this molecule have been found in cancer patients, yet they are present in low frequency and unable to eradicate MUC1(+) tumors. Patients also make anti-MUC1 Abs but predominantly of the IgM isotype reflecting the lack of effective MUC1-specific Th responses. Mice transgenic for the human MUC1 gene (MUC1-Tg) are similarly hyporesponsive to MUC1. We used a vaccine consisting of dendritic cells loaded with a long synthetic MUC1 peptide to investigate the fate and function of MUC1-specific CD4(+) Th elicited in wild-type (WT) or MUC1-Tg mice or adoptively transferred from vaccinated WT mice. We show that hyporesponsiveness of MUC1-Tg mice to this vaccine is a result of insufficient expansion of Th cells, while at the same time their regulatory T cells are efficiently expanded to the same extent as in WT mice and exert a profound suppression on MUC1-specific B and T cell responses in vivo. Adoptive transfer of WT Th cells relieved this suppression and enhanced T and B cell responses to subsequent MUC1 immunization. Our data suggest that the balance between Th and regulatory T cells is a critical parameter that could be modulated to improve the response to cancer vaccines.
A COMPARISON OF COGNITIVE CONFLICT BETWEEN PERSONS IN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES1 (1968)

Etude comparative du conflit cognitif interpersonnel en Europe occidentale et aux Etats‐Unis . — La recherche a été menée conjointement dans divers pays européens (Grande‐Bretagne, France, Italie, RFA) et aux Etats‐Unis, selon la même procédure. On induit des différences cognitives détetminées entre les 2 membres d'un groupe, en les entraînant différemment (ce dont ils ne sont pas conscients) dans une tâche d'apprentissage portant sur des problèmes politiques; il s'ensuit un conflit quand on réunit les deux sujets et qu'on leur demande d'aboutir à des solutions communes. Les résultats montrent que — a) les différences cognitives ne sont pas réduites en Europe alors qu'elles le sont, lentement, aux Etats‐Unis; — b) les sujets européens aboutissent moins souvent que les sujets américains à des solutions de compromis; — c) les européens réagissent différemment à l'idée de « Contrôle de l'Etat ». Ce type de recherche peut être utilisé pour étudier le conflit cognitif sur une base interculturelle; les résultats font apparaître des problèmes importants qui n'ont pas encore été étudiés.
Risk Factors for Low Academic Performance and Social Inequality in Peru according to PISA 2012 (2016)

This study applies a multilevel logistic model to the results obtained by Peruvian students in the PISA2012 survey and analyzes the factors associated with risk for low academic performance in level 2 competencies, using as a baseline mathematics, reading, and science skills tests. The students’ socio-economic background and the social composition of their schools stand out as the factors that most affect at-risk students. Parental occupation, family structure, attendance in pre-primary education, grade repetition, the student’s native language, and delay in schooling are factors that affect the probability of risk. At the school level, it is noteworthy that traditional factors such as school size, urban/rural location, and public/private management were not found to be significant.
Effects of Virion Host Shut-Off Activity of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 on MHC Class I Expression (2002)

Previously, we have shown that bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) down-regulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by interfering with transport of peptides by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Further studies revealed that BHV-1 down-regulates the expression of mRNA for class I molecules and other cellular proteins. To further elucidate the mechanisms of down-regulation of class I molecules, a virion host shut-off (vhs) deletion mutant was generated. The mutant, like the wildtype (wt) virus, interfered with transport of peptides by the TAP, and down-regulated cell surface expression of class I molecules. However, unlike the wt virus, the mutant did not impair the synthesis of class I molecules. These results indicate that down-regulation of class I molecules by BHV-1 is mediated by vhs activity of the virus, as well as mechanisms specifically directed at the class I pathway. Absence of vhs activity should result in decreased pathogenicity and enhanced immunogenicity of BHV-1 vhs deletion mutant, making it a better vaccine candidate.
Interaction between Calcium and Actin in Guard Cell and Pollen Signaling Networks (2013)

Calcium (Ca(2+)) plays important roles in plant growth, development, and signal transduction. It is a vital nutrient for plant physical design, such as cell wall and membrane, and also serves as a counter-cation for biochemical, inorganic, and organic anions, and more particularly, its concentration change in cytosol is a ubiquitous second messenger in plant physiological signaling in responses to developmental and environmental stimuli. Actin cytoskeleton is well known for its importance in cellular architecture maintenance and its significance in cytoplasmic streaming and cell division. In plant cell system, the actin dynamics is a process of polymerization and de-polymerization of globular actin and filamentous actin and that acts as an active regulator for calcium signaling by controlling calcium evoked physiological responses. The elucidation of the interaction between calcium and actin dynamics will be helpful for further investigation of plant cell signaling networks at molecular level. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances in understanding the interaction between the two aforementioned signaling components in two well-established model systems of plant, guard cell, and pollen.
Pirfenidone: A Novel Agent for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2013)

Although pirfenidone appears to be an effective treatment for IPF, additional clinical trials are needed to better delineate its risk-benefit profile.
E-Business Tools for Active Credit Risk Management A Market Analysis (2008)

This paper analyses the impact of ICT on the value creation system of loans and its respective business models and focuses on credit risk management of commercial banks. Whereas ICT impact on loan origination has been studied already in earlier papers there are no in-depth studies available mainly focused at credit risk management, which reaches beyond mere origination. After presenting a general analysis about ICT impact on value creation in the financial industry, this paper provides a state-of-the-art analysis of e-business tools for credit risk management emphasizing their value proposition with respect to credit risk management. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that only by innovative e-business solutions traditional loan business can convert into active credit risk management. As a result the research comes up with three categories of tools which are valuation platforms, rating tools, and trading platforms. It can be shown that ICT leads to the deconstruction of the traditional loan business model.
Thin-film transistors based on well-ordered thermally evaporated naphthacene films (2002)

We report on organic thin-film transistors fabricated using the small-molecule organic semiconductor naphthacene as the active layer material with device performance suitable for several large-area or low-cost electronics applications. We investigated naphthacene thin films deposited by thermal evaporation onto amorphous substrates held near room temperature. Using atomic-force microscopy and x-ray diffraction we find naphthacene films consist of a high density of submicron-sized grains with a surprisingly high degree of molecular order. Thin-film transistors fabricated using evaporated naphthacene films on thermally oxidized silicon substrates have field-effect mobility larger than 0.1 cm2/V s, current on/off ratio greater than 106, negative threshold voltage, and subthreshold slope of 1 V/decade.
In Situ Conjugation of Dithiophenol Maleimide Polymers and Oxytocin for Stable and Reversible Polymer–Peptide Conjugates (2015)

The in situ one-pot synthesis of peptide-polymer bioconjugates is reported. Conjugation occurs efficiently without the need for purification of dithiophenol maleimide functionalized polymer as a disulfide bridging agent for the therapeutic oxytocin. Conjugation of polymers was demonstrated to be reversible and to significantly improve the solution stability of oxytocin.
Multimedia on the move (2005)

Despite the limited uptake of mobile media beyond ringtones, it is believed that many brands are now eyeing opportunities to deliver mobile services direct to the consumer, outside the portals controlled by network operators. Investment from brands, alongside dedicated mobile content providers, will help build the market.
Study on Robot Application Technology for Laser Welding (2008)

The laser welding technology for manufacturing light car body is studied. A industrial robot, a seam tracking system and 4 kW CW Nd:YAG laser are used for robot based laser welding system. The laser system is used 4 kW Nd: YAG laser(HL4006D) of Trumpf and the robot system is used IRB6400R of ABB. The monitoring method of welding quality and seam tracking technology along the butt-joint are studied. The robot laser welding system is equipped with a seam tracker and plasma sensor. The precise positioning (<200 mum) of the laser beam on the welding joint to be welded is obtained by seam tracker. The seam tracking system is SMART-20LS and RAPAL of Servo-Robot and MVS-5 sensor of MVS. The welding joints of steel plate are butt and lap joint. We investigate the parameters which have influence on the welding quality through the plasma intensity signals measuring method. The artificial defects (<o1 mm) in joint are well observed by using the plasma intensity signals measured by the plasma sensor of UV and IR. The laser welding tests for non-linear tailored blank are performed after the observation experiments of bead on plate. Finally, the welding process for non-linear tailored blank and front side member is studied. In this study, the robot based laser welding system is developed for the precision seam tracking and the real-time monitoring of welding quality.
Sub-10-nm half-pitch electron-beam lithography by using poly(methyl methacrylate) as a negative resist (2010)

Developing high-resolution resists and processes for electron-beam lithography is of great importance for high-density magnetic storage, integrated circuits, and nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Until now, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) and calixarene were the only two reported negative resists that could approach sub-10-nm half-pitch resolution for electron-beam lithography. Here, the authors report that 10-nm half-pitch dense nanostructures can also be readily fabricated using the well known poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resist operating in negative tone, even at exposure energies as low as 2 keV. In addition to scanning electron microscopy metrology, transmission electron microscopy metrology was done to confirm the high-resolution capability of negative-tone PMMA. This process was compared to HSQ with salty development and showed similar ultimate resolution, so it could be used as an alternative for applications incompatible with HSQ.
The fine anatomy of the human spinal meninges (1988)

The fine anatomy of the human spinal meninges was examined in five postmortem spinal cords taken within 12 hours after death from patients aged 15 months to 46 years. Specimens of spinal cord were viewed in transverse section and from the dorsal and ventral aspects by scanning electron microscopy. Transverse sections of spinal cord and meninges were also examined by light microscopy. The arachnoid mater was seen to be closely applied to the inner aspect of the dura. An intermediate fenestrated leptomeningeal layer was observed attached to the inner aspect of the arachnoid mater and was reflected ventrally to form a series of dorsal septa. As it arborized laterally over the surface of the cord to surround nerves and blood vessels, the intermediate layer became highly fenestrated but remained distinct from the pia and arachnoid mater. The pia mater appeared to form a continuous layer which was reflected off the surface of the cord to coat blood vessels within the subarachnoid space in a manner similar to that described in the leptomeninges over the human cerebral cortex. Each dentate ligament consisted of a collagenous core which was continuous with the subpial connective tissue and was attached at intervals to the dura; pia-arachnoid cells coated the surface of the dentate ligaments. The present study suggests that the fine anatomy of the human spinal meninges differs significantly from that described in other mammals.
Etherderivate des 3‐Amino‐1,2‐propandiols, 2. Mitt. Synthese und Pharmakologische Untersuchung von N‐substituierten Derivaten des 1‐Cycloalkyloxy‐3‐amino‐2‐propanols (1979)

Abstract Es wurden die N‐substituierten Derivate des 1‐Cycloalkyloxy‐3‐amino‐2‐propanols 2a‐j durch Reaktion der 1‐Cycloalkyloxy‐2,3‐epoxypropane 1a und 1b mit primären Aminen synthetisiert. Die Hydrogenmaleate der neuen Verbindungen wurden pharmakologisch getestet. Es wurde eine hypotensive und eine β‐adrenoblockierende Wirkung festgestellt.
Osteoprotegerin Disruption Attenuates HySu-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>/FAK/AKT Pathway Suppression (2017)

Osteoprotegerin facilitates PAH pathogenesis by regulating pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation, suggesting that it may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in this disease.
Herpetofauna of the quaternary sand dunes of the middle Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil: VIII. Amphisbaena arda sp. nov., a fuliginosa-like checkered patterned Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) (2002)

Amphisbaena arda sp. nov. is described based on a specimen obtained at Mocambo do Vento, on the left bank of the São Francisco river, Bahia State, Brazil. A. arda is a medium sized amphisbaenian with a checkered black and white color pattern similar to the one present in the fuliginosa group but differing from that by having a lighter pigmentation, an uniformly white ventral surface, and by several other important morphological characters. A. arda is similar to Amphisbaena vermicularis in meristic characters currently used to assist amphisbaenian identification but can be separated from it by its color pattern, its flatter cephalic shields, and by the more ventral position of nostril.
Novel Nickel(II) Complexes for the Catalytic Copolymerization of Ethylene and Carbon Monoxide: Polyketone Synthesis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2000)

The most effective nickel catalysts for the copolymerization of ethylene and carbon monoxide, to give polyketones, known to date are based on enaminone ligands. With a perfluorinated side chain these complexes (see, for example, 1) are soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide and catalyze the formation of polyketones in this medium.
Comparison of the BacT/Alert FAN aerobic and the Difco ESP 80A aerobic bottles for pediatric blood cultures (1997)

We compared the BacT/Alert system using the aerobic FAN bottle with the ESP system using the 80A aerobic bottle for the detection of pediatric bloodstream pathogens at a children's hospital. From 6,636 blood culture sets complying with the inclusion criteria, 308 pathogens were detected, including 177 that were detected by both systems, 69 that were detected by BacT/Alert FAN only, and 62 that were detected by ESP 80A only (P = 0.6; not significant). BacT/Alert FAN detected more isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (47 versus 34; P = 0.02), while ESP 80A detected more episodes of streptococcal and enterococcal infection. BacT/Alert FAN detected more pathogens from patients receiving antibiotic therapy (107 versus 93; P = 0.04). Of 248 separate episodes of bacteremia or fungemia, 146 were detected by both systems, 56 were detected by ESP 80A only, and 46 were detected by BacT/Alert FAN only (P = 0.37; not significant). The median times to detection were 13.6 h for ESP 80A and 15.7 h for BacT/Alert FAN (P < 0.001). Both systems were considered easy to operate and were free from significant mechanical difficulties. False-positive or false-negative signals were rare or nonexistent with both systems. We conclude that both systems rapidly detect a broad range of pediatric bloodstream pathogens. BacT/Alert FAN provides better detection of Staphylococcus aureus, especially from patients receiving antibiotics. ESP 80A provides better detection of streptococci and enterococci.
Dynamic Imaging with High Resolution Time-of-Flight PET Camera - TOFPET I (1984)

One of the major design goals of the TOFPET I positron camera was to produce a high resolution whole body positron camera capable of dynamically imaging an organ such as the heart. TOFPET I is now nearing completion and preliminary images have been obtained to assess its dynamic and three dimensional imaging capabilities. Multiple gated images of the uptake of Rubidium in the dog heart and three dirensional surface displays of the distribution of the Rubidium-82 in the myocardium have been generated to demnstrate the three dimensional imaging properties. Fast dynamic images of the first pass of a bolus of radio-tracer through the heart have been collected with 4 second integration time and 50% gating (2 second equivalent integration time) with 18 mCi of Rb-82.