gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of GPS Signal Multipath Interference (2002)

Multipath is the phenomenon where a signal arrives at an antenna via several paths due to signal reflection and diffraction.
These paths are superimposed on the direct signal at the antenna with a different phase and amplitude, and can result in
significant ranging errors.
A multipath simulator, MUSTARD (MUltipath Simulator
Taking into Account Reflection and Diffraction), has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In essence, the simulator traces the signal as it is transmitted by the GPS satellite to a user's receiver accounting for all possible paths the signal
can take by reflecting or diffracting from the surrounding sur-
faces. The simulator uses simplified model of the real mul-
tipath environment. In modeling the reflection and diffrac-
tion from each surface, the Geometric Theory of Diffraction
(GTD) is used. The multipath signals are then added to the
direct signal after accounting for the gain of the receiving an-
tenna. The receiver's tracking loop is then simulated and then
range and phase multipath error are estimated.
The multipath simulator can be used in the initial design
phase of an experiment to identify hazardous environmental
configuration that can cause severe multipath. By using the
simulator we can also assess the upper limits on the antenna
backlobes gains, and be able to determine the ideal antenna
location, height, and orientation to minimize the multipath error within a given environment. Once the optimal geometric
configuration is determined, it can provide a realistic quantitative estimate of multipath errors on GPS data. This in
turn can provide means of testing different ways of analyzing
the data to reduce the solution errors from multipath. With a
given environment, this simulator is a valuable tool to quantitatively assess the multipath effect on the GPS measurement.
Decision‐making Support for Strategic Purchasing (1990)

With the globalisation of markets, firms are continuously searching for ways to remain competitive. In such an environment the purchasing and management of raw materials, supplies, parts, etc., has emerged as a critical area for a firm to achieve its strategic goals. Purchasing controls typically one‐quarter to one‐third of the expenses incurred by the firm in manufacturing its products. The objective of the article is to identify and illustrate how different computer‐based decision support tools/techniques could be applied to various purchasing decisions. Through in‐depth applications the potential improvements in managerial effectiveness, increased user involvement, and ease in problem solving are highlighted.
The Planar Multipole Resonance Probe: Challenges and Prospects of a Planar Plasma Sensor (2014)

A novel compact plasma sensor applicable for the supervision and control of industrial plasma processes is presented in this contribution. Based on the multipole resonance probe (MRP), the new planar MRP (pMRP) is introduced as a powerful and economical monitoring tool, flush-mounted into the reactor wall. Hence, it can be used for an effective suppression of disturbances of the plasma process itself. Using 3D electromagnetic field simulations with CST Microwave Studio, the pMRP is investigated and challenges as well as prospects of the new sensor design are discussed in detail. Three different sensor versions are presented and compared with the resonance behavior of the MRP. Furthermore, limitations concerning position tolerances are shown and the suitability of the pMRP is proven. Measurements in a double inductive coupled plasma, with argon as process gas and varying excitation powers, demonstrate the suitability of the pMRP for monitoring purposes.
Reference-free digital shadowgraphy using a moving BOS background (2020)

Abstract A method of measuring density second derivative (shadowgraph) as a variant of background oriented schlieren (BOS) is presented. Pairs of images of a moving background with a small time difference are analysed using moving-window cross-correlation, giving the second derivative of density in the axis of background travel. The advantage over standard BOS is that no reference image is required. In contrast to the existing “reference-free BOS” method, no double-image is produced, making the data interpretation simpler. The sum-of-correlation (ensemble correlation) method can be used on an image series, where the flow is constant over the series time, to significantly reduce the size of the cross-correlation window. The reduction in the window size and sharpening of the resulting image is similar to that achieved by optical flow, but this method is easily automatable, without knowledge of the flow, and can be used with any existing BOS analysis software. Graphic abstract
Novel Synthesis of monosulphated methyl α-<scp>D</scp>-galactopyranosides (1990)

The syntheses of the methyl α-D-galactopyranoside 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-sulphates (11, 12, 16, and 21 respectively) have been achieved using trimethylamine – sulphur trioxide as the sulphating agent. The procedure used is high yielding and requires shorter reaction times than reported previously. Each compound was obtained in a crystalline form as the potassium salt. Improved syntheses are described of the 3,4-isopropylidene acetal 2 of the methyl α-D-galactopyranoside and methyl. 2-O-acetyl 4,6-O-benzylidene α-D-galactopyranoside 8, which are starting materials in the preparation of the 2- and 3-sulphates (11 and 12 respectively). An efficient route has been devised for the synthesis of methyl 2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranoside 14 using a base-catalysed transesterification (C4-OH → C6-OH). Keywords: synthesis, methyl α-D-galactopyranoside, monosulphates.
Efficacy of intralesional bcg therapy in guinea pigs with disseminated tumor (1975)

It has been previously demonstrated that transplanted syngeneic tumors established in the skin of inbred (strain-2) guinea pigs regressed and regional lymph node metastases were eliminated after intralesional injection of viable Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). During the course of this reaction there is the development of tumor-specific immunity. This experimental model was further manipulated in order that it would more closely approximate a clinical reality. In the present study an evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the developing tumor-specific immunity in this BCG therapy model, to abrogate artifically induced distant tumor deposits and to assess the requirement for tumor-specific immunity in the local BCG-mediated tumor regression. During BCG-mediated regression of established intradermal tumor, the developing tumor-specific immunity inhibited the growth of artificially induced vascular metastases in animals receiving a 10(4) or 10(5) tumor cell dose. However, there is a direct causal relationship between the distant tumor burden and the escape of skin tumor and regional lymph node metastases from BCG-mediated regression. Thus, multiple tumor deposits as low as 10(4) cells are capable of competing for or preempting tumor-specific immune reactivity, which must be a requirement during some phase of the intralesional BCG-mediated therapy of established tumor and regional lymph node metastases. Thus, a significant therapeutic effect could be achieved in guinea pigs with established skin tumors and limited vascular metastases when the modality of therapy included BCG intralesional injection, followed 6 weeks later by surgery of the treated skin tumor and regional lymph node.
Aminosulfanilanisides<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminosulfanilanisides1Frank H. Bergeim, Kathyrn Losee, and W. A. LottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 583–587Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Organometallic Octopus Complex:  Structure and Properties of a Resorcinarene with 16 Cobalt Centers (2002)

An “octopus-like” octapropargyl resorcinarene gives the most highly metalated resorcinarene known by addition of Co2(CO)6 units to all eight propargyl groups. Reaction of the octapropargyl resorcinarene derivatives {PhCH2CH2CHC6H2(OCH2CCR)2}4 (R = H, Me) with [Co2(CO)8] gives the corresponding octakis[alkyne(dicobalt)] derivatives [{PhCH2CH2CHC6H2(OCH2CCRCo2(CO)6)2}4], and the Co16 complex with R = H has been structurally characterized. The octapropargyl compound {PhCH2CH2CHC6H2(OCH2CCH)2}4 also yields the octaalkynylgold(I) derivatives [{PhCH2CH2CHC6H2(OCH2CCAuL)2}4], with L = PPh3, t-BuNC, and the insoluble, polymeric compounds [{PhCH2CH2CHC6H2(OCH2CCAu)2(μ-LL)2}4]x with diphosphine ligands, with LL = Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 and n = 1, 2, 4.
The Unequal World of Health Data (2009)

Health data are a slippery commodity. It is not difficult to reach subjective agreement that such data are unequally distributed around the world, both in terms of quantity and quality. But objective assessments are more difficult, since they need to be based on data-and the data about the data may themselves be problematic or incomplete. Perhaps not surprisingly, therefore, literature is relatively scarce on the extent and quality of primary sources of health data on a global scale, even though there are many reports that present aggregated global data on various health issues [1,2], sometimes giving the impression that those estimates carry a high degree of certainty.
Mesoscale Morphology and Charge Transport in Colloidal Networks of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (2011)

We identify and characterize the mesoscale morphology of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) fibers crystallized through colloidal self-assembly in various aromatic solvents. The network structure of the P3HT is evaluated through in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) experiments and by electron microscopy. Through model fitting to the scattering data, we are able to determine that P3HT forms network structures in solution prior to deposition. We directly obtain structural parameters such as the fraction of P3HT in nanofiber form, the cross-sectional fiber shape, and the fractal dimension of the colloidal networks. The structural parameters are shown to be strongly dependent on the solvent choice. Ex situ microscopy experiments are also performed to provide complementary structural information such as type and frequency of fibrillar junctions and the network size. The structural parameters are also analyzed within the context of the hole mobility in organic field effect transistors (OFET).
Ceramic electrodes based on Magneli phases of titanium oxides (2007)

Monophase and polyphase ceramic materials based on Magneli phases of titanium oxides of composition Ti3O5, Ti4O7, Ti5O9, and Ti6O11 were synthesized. The materials were obtained by mechanical activation of rutile with titanium and additives of niobium, vanadium, and iron, with subsequent sintering both in reductive atmosphere (hydrogen) and in neutral atmosphere (argon) in the temperature interval of 1060-1080?C. The dependences of the potentials of the obtained ceramic samples on time and composition during anodic polarization at current density of 5A/dm2 in a 1M solution of sulfuric acid were investigated. We developed a technique for manufacturing anodes in the form of hollow cylinders 60 mm in diameter with a wall 5 mm thick, and flat discs more than 60 mm in diameter.
Templated synthesis of nylon nucleic acids and characterization by nuclease digestion (2012)

Nylon nucleic acids containing oligouridine nucleotides with pendent polyamide linkers and flanked by unmodified heteronucleotide sequences were prepared by DNA templated synthesis. Templation was more efficient than the single-stranded synthesis: Coupling step yields were as high as 99.2%, with up to 7 amide linkages formed in the synthesis of a molecule containing 8 modified nucleotides. Controlled digestion by calf spleen phosphodiesterase enabled the mapping of modified nucleotides in the sequences. A combination of complete degradation of nylon nucleic acids by snake venom phosphodiesterase and dephosphorylation of the resulting nucleotide fragments by bacterial alkaline phosphatase, followed by LCMS analysis, clarified the linear structure of the oligo-amide linkages. The templated synthesis strategy afforded nylon nucleic acids in the target structure and was compatible with the presence heteronucleotides. The complete digestion procedure produced a new species of DNA analogues, nylon ribonucleosides, which display nucleosides attached via a 2'-alkylthio linkage to each diamine and dicarboxylate repeat unit of the original nylon nucleic acids. The binding affinity of a nylon ribonucleoside octamer to the complementary DNA was evaluated by thermal denaturing experiments. The octamer was found to form stable duplexes with an inverse dependence on salt concentration, in contrast to the salt-dependent DNA control.
Properties of an unstable confocal resonator CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;laser system (1969)

The results of an experimental and theoretical study of the properties of a confocal unstable resonator used with a conventional CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -He laser operating at 10.6 μ are presented. Measurements were made of the near- and far-field intensity distribution of the aligned resonator for Fresnel numbers of 3.7, 6.1, and 7.1. Fundamental mode operation was achieved in all cases. Beam steering and mode degradation associated with mirror misalignment were also studied experimentally. Suitable geometric models have been developed to account for 1) the sensitivity of the resonator output coupling and center far-field intensity to variations in the resonator length and mirror curvatures, and 2) the sensitivity of the beam direction and power to angular misalignment of the mirrors.
Acidic pH-induced elevation in interleukin 8 expression by human ovarian carcinoma cells. (2000)

The expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by human ovarian cancer cells correlates directly with disease progression, but the exact mechanism of IL-8 induction is not clear. The extracellular pH in solid tumors is generally acidic because of elevated acid production and impaired clearance of acidic metabolic wastes. We determined whether acidic conditions also regulate the expression of IL-8 in human ovarian cancer cells. Culturing SKOV3 ip1 ovarian cancer cells in acidic medium (pH 6.6) significantly increased IL-8 mRNA (Northern blot) and protein (ELISA). The acidosis-mediated transient increase in IL-8 expression involved both transcriptional activation of the IL-8 gene and enhanced stability of the IL-8 mRNA. Detailed functional analysis of the IL-8 promoter revealed that the sequence between -133 and -98 bp relative to the transcription initiation site was primarily responsible for IL-8 gene transcriptional activation by acidosis. Point-mutated luciferase reporter studies indicated that activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-like factor were responsible for acidic pH-induced transcriptional activation of the IL-8 gene, and EMSA demonstrated that both NF-kappaB and AP-1 bound to these sites on the IL-8 promoter. These results indicate that acidic pH activates NF-kappaB and AP-1 in human ovarian cancer cells and in doing so increases IL-8 gene expression.
Zero dead-zone OTDR with high-spatial resolution for short haul applications (1997)

The existence of dead-zones is an important drawback for optical time-domain reflectometers (OTDR), specially in short haul applications with a large number of optical components. In this letter, we present an OTDR system with high spatial resolution based on the time-correlated single photon counting (TC-SPC) technique. This system overcomes the deadzone problem by monitoring the spontaneous Stokes Raman emission (SSRE) to avoid the intense Fresnel reflections. The high sensitivity of the TC-SPC technique (-120 dBm) permits a high-loss budget within reasonable measurement integration times.
Involvement of the 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene A4 hydrolase pathway in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster cheek pouch, and inhibition of carcinogenesis by its inhibitors (2006)

Previous studies have shown that aberrant arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, especially cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) pathways, are activated during oral carcinogenesis, and can be targeted for cancer prevention. This study was designed to investigate the importance of 5-Lox/leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) pathway of AA metabolism in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis. In a short-term study, topical application of DMBA for 3 weeks induced severe inflammation and aberrant AA metabolism. Subsequent topical treatment with zileuton, celecoxib, or their combination for 1 week significantly suppressed aberrant AA metabolism and cell proliferation in the oral epithelium. Interestingly, zileuton was effective in inhibiting biosynthesis of multiple AA metabolites, including leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 5-, 12-, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), while celecoxib only suppressed PGE2 biosynthesis significantly at a high dose. In a long-term carcinogenesis study topical application of LTB4 or PGE2 enhanced oral carcinogenesis by increasing the incidence and volume of visible tumors, and the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To further examine the role of LTB4 in oral carcinogenesis, two LTA4H inhibitors, bestatin and SA6541, were evaluated in a long-term chemoprevention experiment. Both agents significantly inhibited SCC, and such an inhibition correlated with reduced levels of LTB4 in hamster cheek pouch. In summary, our studies have demonstrated that 5-Lox/LTA4H pathway is one of the major AA-metabolizing pathways involved in DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters, and may be targeted for chemoprevention.
Effect of sodium polyanethol sulfonate in blood cultures (1975)

Fifteen-hundred hospital blood cultures were made in duplicate, with and without 0.05% sodium polyanethol sulfonate in the broth medium. A significantly higher rate and speed of recovery of both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli was accomplished in sodium polyanethol sulfonate broth. The effect was independent of the content of 0.1% agar in the growth medium. In the cases of Neisseria meningitidis septicemia examined, however, a detrimental result on recoveries was observed. The addition of sodium polyanethol sulfonate also resulted in an increased frequency of recoveries of contaminating organisms.
Nasal Administration of Naloxone Is as Effective as the Intravenous Route in Opiate Addicts (1994)

Naloxone is used intravenously in opiate addiction in emergency cases, in rapid opiate detoxification, and as a diagnostic tool. This is a study comparing the efficacy of intranasal naloxone to other routes (intravenous/intramuscular) in 17 opiate-dependent patients. The nasal drug administration of naloxone was found to be as effective as the intravenous route. The nasal drug application offers a wide margin of safety for patients and medical staff, especially in emergency situations in regard to infection risks associated with vessel puncture.
Dispersion relations for some linear optical properties (2009)

The developments of the previous chapter are continued in this chapter. The principal focus is on the reflectance and the energy loss function. Knowledge of the reflectance and phase allows the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index to be evaluated, and hence the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant can be determined. Measurement of the reflectance and calculation of the phase provides a convenient route to a number of optical properties.
Multiple Memory States in Resistive Switching Devices Through Controlled Size and Orientation of the Conductive Filament (2013)

Multilevel operation in resistive switching memory (RRAM) based on HfOx is demonstrated through variable sizes and orientations of the conductive filament. Memory states with the same resistance, but opposite orientation of defects, display a different response to an applied read voltage, therefore allowing an improvement of the information stored in each physical cell. The multilevel scheme allows a 50% increase (from 2 to 3 bits) of the stored information.
SEES: Concept and design of a smart environment explorer stick (2013)

Visually Impaired Person or People (VIP) need to improve both orientation and mobility capabilities in order to be able to walk autonomously and safely using a white stick (cane). However, the feedback provided by an enhanced white stick (smart stick) does not integrate assistance to orientation and walking functions. This paper proposes to fill this gap and outlines the SEES (Smart Environment Explorer Stick) an enhanced white cane which assists the VIP's navigation. The active multi-sensor context-awareness concept is adopted to be implemented in the SEES to help the VIP to move safely and easily in any places (indoor or outdoor). The first prototype of SEES (hardware and software) is presented in this paper.
50-W average power, 200-Hz repetition rate, 480-fs KrF excimer laser with gated gain ampliflcation (2001)

Summary form only given. We report on a method for an efficient energy extraction from a KrF excimer laser which is called "gated gain amplification (GGA)" resulting in 50-W average power of 480-fs pulses at 200-Hz repetition rate. The laser is developed for high-power soft X-ray generation from a Xe cluster target and also for the generation of high-power harmonics in the XUV region.
According to the kids (2020)

Physical education (PE) is a key component of the educational experience of all children and youth, including those with disabilities. Learning from the perspectives of students with disabilities provides critical insights into how the PE environment is experienced in a way that may differ from adult views. Gathered primarily through qualitative research approaches, students with disabilities have reported mixed experiences of PE and adapted physical education (APE) that included positive and negative aspects. Interactions with teachers and peers without disabilities are key factors in determining successful PE experience for students with disabilities. Despite reporting negative experiences, the majority of students with disabilities, from across the globe, expressed a desire to participate in PE classes with peers without disabilities. Students with disabilities want to be involved and share their needs with their teacher, which requires improved communication between students and teachers.
Set a course for free cores (2004)

The open-source movement has come to hardware design with companies and lone designers providing cores for custom chips free of charge. But is it a viable way of cutting project costs?