gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ras Subcellular Localization Defines Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 and 2 Substrate Specificity through Distinct Utilization of Scaffold Proteins (2008)

Subcellular localization influences the nature of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signals by unknown mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate that the microenvironment from which Ras signals emanate determines which substrates will be preferentially phosphorylated by the activated ERK1/2. We show that the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) is most prominent when ERK1/2 are activated from lipid rafts, whereas RSK1 is mainly activated by Ras signals from the disordered membrane. We present evidence indicating that the underlying mechanism of this substrate selectivity is governed by the participation of different scaffold proteins that distinctively couple ERK1/2, activated at defined microlocalizations, to specific substrates. As such, we show that for cPLA(2) activation, ERK1/2 activated at lipid rafts interact with KSR1, whereas ERK1/2 activated at the endoplasmic reticulum utilize Sef-1. To phosphorylate the EGFr, ERK1/2 activated at lipid rafts require the participation of IQGAP1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that scaffold usage markedly influences the biological outcome of Ras site-specific signals. These results disclose an unprecedented spatial regulation of ERK1/2 substrate specificity, dictated by the microlocalization from which Ras signals originate and by the selection of specific scaffold proteins.
Development of the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory: A Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Ground Station (2012)

The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) project will demonstrate high bandwidth space to ground bi-directional optical communications links between a geosynchronous satellite and two LCRD optical ground stations located in the southwestern United States. The project plans to operate for two years with a possible extension to five. Objectives of the demonstration include the development of operational strategies to prototype optical link and relay services for the next generation tracking and data relay satellites. Key technologies to be demonstrated include adaptive optics to correct for clear air turbulence-induced wave front aberrations on the downlink, and advanced networking concepts for assured and automated data delivery. Expanded link availability will be demonstrated by supporting operations at small sun-Earth-probe angles. Planned optical modulation formats support future concepts of near-Earth satellite user services to a maximum of 1.244 Gb/s differential phase shift keying modulation and pulse position modulations formats for deep space links at data rates up to 311 Mb/s. Atmospheric monitoring instruments that will characterize the optical channel during the link include a sun photometer to measure atmospheric transmittance, a solar scintillometer, and a cloud camera to measure the line of sight cloud cover. This paper describes the planned development of the JPL optical ground station.
Target detection by an echolocating harbor porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) (1999)

Two echolocation experiments are described. They were conducted on the same harbor porpoise housed in a sea pen, one year apart at Neeltje Jans, The Netherlands. The aims were to determine the target detection ability of an echolocating harbor porpoise, with the ultimate goal to predict the distance at which harbor porpoises can detect fishing nets. In experiment 1, the maximum distance at which the 3-year-old porpoise could detect a 7.62-cm diameter water-filled stainless-steel sphere by echolocation was determined psychophysically. The 50%-current detection threshold was reached when the sphere was at a distance of 26 m from the porpoise's rostrum. In experiment 2, conducted a year later, the maximum detection distance for a 5.08-cm water-filled stainless-steel sphere was 15.9 m. The target strengths of both targets were measured using simulated harbor porpoise echolocation signals and the results, coupled with transmission-loss calculations, indicated that the echo levels received by the porpoise with the targets at the threshold ranges in the two experiments were only 1.3 dB apart. Together with information on the target strengths of various fishing nets, the results of the present study can be used to predict the distance at which the nets can be detected by harbor porpoises.
An adaptive search length algorithm for block matching motion estimation (1997)

This paper presents a new fast search algorithm for block matching motion estimation called the adaptive search length (ASL) algorithm. The ASL algorithm adaptively varies the number of positions searched for each block while still maintaining control of the average number of searches per block for each frame. Experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of decoded sequences which were coded using the ASL algorithm is within 0.25 dB of the PSNR of decoded sequences which were coded using the full search block matching algorithm. It is also shown that the ASL algorithm requires only 10% of the computations required by the full search algorithm to achieve this level of decoded image quality.
Ghrelin Inhibits Vascular Superoxide Production in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2006)

Ghrelin inhibits vascular oxidative stress in SHR. This effect is likely related to the inhibition of vascular NAD(P)H oxidases.
A retrospective study of increased plasma progestagen concentrations in compromised neonatal foals (1995)

Plasma progestagen concentrations were measured daily by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 35 sick foals for the duration of their illness. The foals were divided into three groups on the basis of time to stand after birth. Foals were given intensive care treatment according to the severity of their illness. Plasma and urine concentrations of pregnenolone (P5) and pregnenediol (P5 beta beta) were measured by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry; plasma cortisol concentrations were measured by RIA and the foals' renal and respiratory status were assessed by creatinine clearance ratios and arterial oxygen concentrations respectively. Five patterns of plasma progestagen concentrations were identified; in general, values increased when the foal's clinical condition deteriorated and decreased as the foal improved. Median progestagen concentrations decreased over the first three days post partum in Group 1 foals but remained elevated in foals from Groups 2 and 3. Similar changes were observed in plasma P5 and P5 beta beta concentrations. Plasma cortisol concentrations were highest in foals from Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.01) compared with foals from Group 1. Regardless of foal group, mean cortisol concentrations were highest (P < 0.001) in those foals treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone compared with those treated with dexamethasone or with neither drug. There was no relationship (r2 = 0.21) between plasma cortisol and progestagen concentrations. Results from renal clearance, steroid conjugation and respiratory status suggest that these factors did not play a significant role in elevating progestagen concentrations in sick foals. It is hypothesized that there may be a relationship between adrenal stimulation and an enzyme block resulting in overproduction of P5 and P5 beta beta in the sick neonatal foal.
Readings in human-computer interaction : toward the year 2000 (1995)

The effectiveness of the user-computer interface has become increasingly important as computer systems have become useful tools for persons not trained in computer science. In fact, the interface is often the most important factor in the success or failure of any computer system. Dealing with the numerous subtly interrelated issues and technical, behavioral, and aesthetic considerations consumes a large and increasing share of development time and a corresponding percentage of the total code for any given application. A revision of one of the most successful books on human-computer interaction, this compilation gives students, researchers, and practitioners an overview of the significant concepts and results in the field and a comprehensive guide to the research literature
Chebyshev optimization of sparse FIR filters using linear programming with an application to beamforming (1996)

Sparse FIR filter design, where some tap weights are zero, is of interest as a means of reducing the expense or enhancing the performance of a filter, as a result of fewer or more efficiently placed multipliers. We show that for certain classes of filters with moderately wide passbands, it is possible to increase the stopband suppression by up to 20 dB without increasing the number of multipliers, simply by increasing the number of delay elements, zeroing the appropriate taps, and optimizing the other taps using linear programming. Another use for sparse FIR filters is for the case where multipliers have failed. Graceful degradation can be achieved in some types of FIR filters by optimally adjusting the functional elements to compensate for the failed multipliers. This approach can also be used to minimize the peak sidelobe level for beamformers that may have failed elements. For the beamforming cases considered, the peak sidelobe level was decreased by as much as 5 dB.
Conversion of Wastes into Bioelectricity and Chemicals by Using Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (2012)

Waste biomass is a cheap and relatively abundant source of electrons for microbes capable of producing electrical current outside the cell. Rapidly developing microbial electrochemical technologies, such as microbial fuel cells, are part of a diverse platform of future sustainable energy and chemical production technologies. We review the key advances that will enable the use of exoelectrogenic microorganisms to generate biofuels, hydrogen gas, methane, and other valuable inorganic and organic chemicals. Moreover, we examine the key challenges for implementing these systems and compare them to similar renewable energy technologies. Although commercial development is already underway in several different applications, ranging from wastewater treatment to industrial chemical production, further research is needed regarding efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.
Glyoxylic Acid and MP-Glyoxylate:  Efficient Formaldehyde Equivalents in the 3-CC of 2-Aminoazines, Aldehydes, and Isonitriles (2004)

[reaction: see text] Glyoxylic acid, either in solution or immobilized on MP-carbonate (MP-glyoxylate), participates in an uncatalyzed 3-CC with 2-aminoazines and isonitriles to afford novel 2-unsubstituted-3-amino-imidazoheterocycles. MP-glyoxylate serves as a particularly efficient and experimentally convenient formaldehyde equivalent and readily liberates products through decarboxylation/self-release from the resin. These examples furthermore constitute the first application in which MP-CO3 serves as a solid support for transformations involving carboxylic acids.
A Study of Spatial Offset Method in the Diagonal Direction for a Very High Resolution Pickup System. (1996)

An experimental 2, 000-line image pick-up system using the four-imager pick-up method is studied with the aim of developing an ultrahigh-definition image pick-up system that surpasses a high-definition system. Using existing high-definition pick-up elements and lenses, a 2, 000-line image pick-up experimental system with improved vertical resolution has already been developed In this development, the pixels are offset diagonally between the image pick-up elements of two imagers to make the four-imager pick-up method used to improve resolution even more efficient. In addition, a technique where by spatial sample points are taken to be quincunx samples is studied in an effort to improve horizontal and vertical resolution.In this paper, we report on our investigations into achieving greater horizontal and vertical resolution by offsetting pixels diagonally using HDTV 2/3-inch 2M-pixel charge modulation devices (CMD) We also report on our success in achieving both a horizontal and vertical limiting resolution of more than 1300 TVL through image pick-up testing.In regard to the approach used to achieve ultrahigh-definition through the multi-imager method, comparisons were made between two-imager pixel offset high definition and simple multi-pixel high definition. We verified that there was no deterioration in S/N and sensitivity, and that there was a gain in dynamic range In addition, simulation showed a limitation resolution curve that included errors in the mounting position of the prisms for the two-imager pick-up elements. The relation between the limiting resolution point and mounting precision is also studied.
DeepFlow: Detecting Optimal User Experience From Physiological Data Using Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Flow is an affective state of optimal experience, total immersion and high productivity. While often associated with (professional) sports, it is a valuable information in several scenarios ranging from work environments to user experience evaluations, and we expect it to be a potential reward signal for human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning systems. Traditionally, flow has been assessed through questionnaires which prevents its use in online, real-time environments. In this work, we present our findings towards estimating a user's flow state based on physiological signals measured using wearable devices. We conducted a study with participants playing the game Tetris in varying difficulty levels, leading to boredom, stress, and flow. Using an end-to-end deep learning architecture, we achieve an accuracy of 67.50% in recognizing high flow vs. low flow states and 49.23% in distinguishing all three affective states boredom, flow, and stress.
Sex and the Professions in Canada (1992)

This paper argues that the literature on professions reveals a fundamental failure to conceptualize sex differences. Following a brief discussion of approaches to the definition of professions, we employ Katherine Marshall’s operationalization of professions in the Canadian occupational structure to explore the different experiences of female and male professionals during the 1971 -86 period. Although women have here as elsewhere flooded into the professions, pronounced patterns of sex segregation persist both within and between professional occupations. Evidence reveals that years of education and other objective characteristics do not account for die power, pay and prestige differences among professionals. Clear contrasts emerge in the marital and parental statuses of female and male professions. In short, for the professions sex counts.
Evaluating the cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury and concussion by using electrophysiology (2012)

Abnormal ERP results are observed in patients after MTBI or sports concussion, even for those in the nonacute stage after their injury. Current standard clinical evaluations most often fail to detect cerebral dysfunction after MTBI, even when patients or athletes report symptoms. Clinicians should be aware that patients with MTBI, including sports concussion, probably have underlying mild but persistent cerebral dysfunctions that require further investigation.
Production of [sup 17]F, [sup 15]O and other radioisotopes for PET using a 3 MV electrostatic tandem accelerator (1999)

Target systems for the production of positron emitting radioisotopes used for medical research with positron emission tomography (PET) are under development for a 3 MV electrostatic tandem accelerator (NEC 9SDH-2). This machine is intended primarily for the continuous production of short lived tracers labeled with 15O (t1/2=122 s) or 17F (t1/2=65 s) for determining regional cerebral blood flow in humans. Simple gas, liquid, and solid target systems are presented for the production of [15O]H2O (yield at saturation 13 mCi/μA), [17F]F2 (22 mCi/μA), [17F] fluoride (aq.) (12 mCi/μA), [18F]fluoride (aq.) (21 mCi/μA), [13N] in graphite (25 mCi/μA), and [11C]CO2 (2.3 mCi/μA). Current limitations on single window targets for each production are discussed.
Notes: The Preparation of Certain Amino-Substituted Perfluoroalkyl-s-triazines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: The Preparation of Certain Amino-Substituted Perfluoroalkyl-s-triazinesJohn Shaw and Frank GrossCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 11, 1809–1811Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online21 July 2003Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01093a619https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01093a619research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Micromachined transducers for ultrasound applications (2002)

Within the last decade many interesting solutions for micromachined electroacoustic transducers have been presented, most of them microphones for the audio range. So far they could not compete significantly on the market with miniaturized conventional transducer techniques such as electret microphones. One of the main reasons for this was a limited sensitivity due to a high noise level without offering significant cost advantages. Now two facts raised new attention to micromachined transducers: For high-frequency ultrasound imaging the reduction in size of a single transducer element for 1D and even more for 2D arrays is more and more limited by fabrication and cabling technology. On the other hand, new microfabrication technologies have emerged, allowing a highly reproducible fabrication of electrostatically driven membranes with gap heights below 400 nm. One of the most interesting facts is that with a recently developed process step micromechanical membranes can be fabricated within a modified BiCMOS process. This allows the combination of transducer elements with the driving, preamplifying and multiplexing electronics on a single chip, thus reducing parasitic capacities and noise level significantly. This paper first outlines the history of micromachined transducers. Then it describes the internal structure of a micromechanical transducer element and its acoustical properties. The main differences in comparison to piezoelectric bulk transducers are the significantly lower acoustic impedance of the membranes and the nonlinear electromechanical working principle, leading to consequences in array design, which are discussed. Mathematical models and experimental results for transducer bandwidth, membrane deflection and radiation patterns of transducer arrays are presented and compared with the properties of piezoelectric transducer arrays. The influence of the membrane's relative deflection, the poling voltage, the cabling capacity and the preamplifier characteristics upon transmission level and signal-to-noise ratio are discussed. Finally an outlook for potential applications of micromachined transducers, especially in array configurations, is given.
Simplified Spatial Correlation Models for Clustered MIMO Channels With Different Array Configurations (2007)

An approximate spatial correlation model for clustered multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels is proposed in this paper. The two ingredients for the model are an approximation for uniform linear and circular arrays to avoid numerical integrals and a closed-form expression for the correlation coefficients that is derived for the Laplacian azimuth angle distribution. A new performance metric to compare parametric and nonparametric channel models is proposed and used to show that the proposed model is a good fit to the existing parametric models for low angle spreads (i.e., smaller than 10deg). A computational-complexity analysis shows that the proposed method is a numerically efficient way of generating the spatially correlated MIMO channels.
Quantitation of B. Pseudomallei in Clinical Samples (2007)

We undertook a prospective study to quantitate Burkholderia pseudomallei in blood, urine, respiratory secretions, and pus [corrected] obtained from 414 patients with melioidosis. The median was count 1.1, 1.5 x 10(4), 1.1 x 10(5), and 1.1 x 10(7) CFU/mL in these sample types, respectively. This provides important insights into the likely feasibility of future studies such as expression microarray analysis using clinical material.
Electrodermal Activity Sensor for Classification of Calm/Distress Condition (2017)

This article introduces a new and unobtrusive wearable monitoring device based on electrodermal activity (EDA) to be used in health-related computing systems. This paper introduces the description of the wearable device capable of acquiring the EDA of a subject in order to detect his/her calm/distress condition from the acquired physiological signals. The lightweight wearable device is placed in the wrist of the subject to allow continuous physiological measurements. With the aim of validating the correct operation of the wearable EDA device, pictures from the International Affective Picture System are used in a control experiment involving fifty participants. The collected signals are processed, features are extracted and a statistical analysis is performed on the calm/distress condition classification. The results show that the wearable device solely based on EDA signal processing reports around 89% accuracy when distinguishing calm condition from distress condition.
An Application of Word Sense Disambiguation to Information Retrieval (1999)

Childhood bronchiolitis obliterans (CBO) is an uncommon disease characterized by persistent signs and symptoms of obstructive respiratory disease after an acute bronchiolar injury. It is considered to be a complication of viral infection, most often of adenovirus, and is usually classified as a constrictive-type bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Few reports have described its histology. We present the histopathological features of 34 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of BO, comprising 30 open lung biopsies (OLB), 2 lobectomies, and 2 autopsies. Quantitative analysis was performed on the OLB to better characterize the morphological changes observed in these lungs. Of 37 patients, 25 were male and 9 were female, ranging from 7 months to 15 years of age. Airway diameter in terminal bronchioles varied from 50-600 microm. Ninety-seven percent of the CBO were of constrictive type, with variable degrees of airway obstruction. Chronic inflammation in the bronchioles was mild in 63% of the patients. Aggregates of foamy macrophages, mucostasis, and bronchiectasis appeared in, respectively, 93%, 40%, and 30% of the biopsies. There was more hyperinflation than atelectasis (40.1% and 24.3%, respectively). Lobectomies and autopsies showed more severe bronchiolar obliteration, associated with bronchiectasis. The results show that CBO is characterized histologically mainly by a constrictive pattern, with variable degrees of inflammation and airway obliteration. Secondary signs of airway obstruction are invariably present. Mild histological changes may predominate and should be carefully evaluated by the pathologist.