gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A National survey of methyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether and other volatile organic compounds in drinking-water sources: Results of the random source-water survey (2002)

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with accurate and timely scientific information that helps enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov/). Information on the quality of the Nation's water resources is critical to assuring the long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and suitable for industry, irrigation, and habitat for fish and wildlife. Population growth and increasing demands for multiple water uses make water availability, now measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more essential to the long-term sustainability of our communities and ecosystems.
Functional Domains of Transcription Factor hGABP( 1/E4TF1-53 Required for Nuclear Localization and Transcription Activation (1996)

Transcription factor E4TF1 is the human homolog of GABP and has been renamed hGABP (human GABP). hGABP is composed of two types of subunits; hGABP beta1/E4TF1-53 and the ets-related protein hGABP alpha/E4TF1-60. Both bind together to form an (alpha)2(beta1)2 heterotetrameric complex on DNA and activate transcription at specific promoters in vitro. Tetramer formation depends on two regions of hGABP beta1; the N-terminal region containing the Notch/ankyrin-type repeats is necessary for binding to hGABP alpha and the C-terminal region is necessary for homodimerization. In this report, we constructed various deletion mutants of hGABP beta1 in order to delimit the functional regions required for nuclear localization and transcription activity. We found that hGABP beta1 localization in the nucleus is dependent on a region located between amino acids 243 and 330 and that the presence of hGABP beta1 influences the efficiency of hGABP alpha transport into the nucleus. Next, we demonstrated that the hGABP complex composed of alpha and beta1 subunits activates transcription from the adenovirus early 4 promoter in vivo. This transcription activation needs the C-terminal region of hGABP beta1 and is consistent with results obtained with the in vitro assay. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the C-terminal region reveals that the alpha-helix structure and the leucine residues are important for formation of a heterotetrameric complex with hGABP alpha in vitro and for transcription activation in vivo. These results suggest that hGABP beta1 stimulates transcription as part of a heterotetrameric complex with hGABP alpha in vivo.
Mechanisms of Action of Two New Immunomodulators (1985)

Despite antibiotics, infection remains a significant problem in surgical patients. The reasons are multiple, and include acquired immunologic deficiencies that are seen in malnutrition, sepsis, trauma, and burns. Two immunomodulators, thymopentin (TP-5) and CP-46,665, have been shown to improve survival in infectious animal models of such deficiencies. We investigated the mechanism of action in guinea pigs subjected to a burn of 30% of the total body surface area. These animals received 0.3 mg/kg of thymopentin, 0.3 mg/kg of CP-46,665, or saline solution. Neutrophils, macrophages, and serum samples were obtained from the animals and tested for their ability to phagocytose and kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The serum was tested for its ability to opsonize Escherichia coli. Thymopentin was found to improve neutrophil function on postburn days 2 and 4 and to improve macrophage function on postburn day 4. CP-46,665 was found to improve both macrophage function and opsonization on postburn day 2.
Friedel‐Crafts Reactions (2000)

Abstract After the initial discovery by Friedel and his American associate, James Mason Crafts, that anhydrous aluminum chloride could be used as a condensing agent in a general synthetic method for furnishing an infinite number of hydrocarbons. They extended their discoveries of the catalytic effect of aluminum chloride in a variety of organic reactions: (1) reactions of alkyl and acyl halides and unsaturated compounds with aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons; (2) reactions of acid anhydrides with aromatic hydrocarbons; (3) reactions of oxygen, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and phosgene with aromatic hydrocarbons; (4) cracking of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons; and (5) polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The diversity of reactions is astounding. Many important industrial processes such as the production of high octane gasoline, ethylbenzene (eventually leading to polystyrene), synthetic rubber, plastics, and detergent alkylates are based on Friedel‐Crafts chemistry. Friedel‐Crafts‐type reactions are generally considered to be any substitution, isomerization, elimination, cracking, polymerization, or addition reaction that takes place under the catalytic effect of Lewis acid‐type acidic halides (with or without cocatalysts) or Brønsted acids. Friedel‐Crafts reactions can be divided into two general categories: alkylations and acylations. Within these two broad areas there is considerable diversity. Friedel‐Crafts catalysts are electron acceptors, ie, Lewis acids. Catalysts include acid halides (Lewis acids), metal alkyls and alkoxides, protic acids (Brønsted Acids), acidic oxides and sulfides (acidic chalcogenides), acidic cation‐exchange resins, and superacids (Brønsted superacids, super Lewis acids, Brønsted‐Lewis superacids, solid superacids, and superacidic zeolites).
Gram-negative bacterial molecules associate with Alzheimer disease pathology (2016)

E coli K99 and LPS levels were greater in AD compared to control brains. LPS colocalized with Aβ<sub>1-40/42</sub> in amyloid plaques and around vessels in AD brain. The data show that Gram-negative bacterial molecules are associated with AD neuropathology. They are consistent with our LPS-ischemia-hypoxia rat model that produces myelin aggregates that colocalize with Aβ and resemble amyloid-like plaques.
"Tanques contra piedras": la imagen de Israel en España (2007)

Este trabajo analiza el problema de la imagen de Israel en España, cuya opinión pública muestra niveles de distanciamiento y hostilidad más pronunciados que en los demás países de Europa.\n\nLos representantes diplomáticos de Israel suelen señalar que hay dos países con quien el Estado judío tiene relaciones “especiales”. Uno es Alemania, y las razones no escapan a nadie. El otro es España, donde sí hay que preguntarse el porqué. Este trabajo analiza el problema de la imagen de Israel en España, una imagen que en el discurso político, en los medios y en los sondeos de opinión pública muestra niveles de distanciamiento y hostilidad más pronunciados que en los demás países de Europa. ¿Cuáles son las causas socio-históricas y culturales de esta percepción negativa? ¿Y en qué medida la imagen de Israel en España está en proceso de normalización?
Titanium nitride as a plasmonic material for visible and near-infrared wavelengths (2012)

The search for alternative plasmonic materials with improved optical properties, easier fabrication and integration capabilities over those of the traditional materials such as silver and gold could ultimately lead to real-life applications for plasmonics and metamaterials. In this work, we show that titanium nitride could perform as an alternative plasmonic material in the visible and near-infrared regions. We demonstrate the excitation of surface-plasmon-polaritons on titanium nitride thin films and discuss the performance of various plasmonic and metamaterial structures with titanium nitride as the plasmonic component. We also show that titanium nitride could provide performance that is comparable to that of gold for plasmonic applications and can significantly outperform gold and silver for transformation-optics and some metamaterial applications in the visible and near-infrared regions. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
An Offshore Evacuation System: A Safe Haven and an Emergency Control Centre (1985)

ABSTRACT Recent offshore marine disasters have emphasized the need for improved wet evacuation systems. The development phase, comprising the philosophy behind and the design and construction, and field testing of the prototype of a new offshore survival system is described. The basic idea built into this new generation life saving and loss prevention system can be summarized as follows:In case of an emergency onboard the rig/platform, the cabin provides a SAFE HAVEN - a place where crew and workers can wait within protected environment until the danger has passed.It serves as an EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE from which functions of vital importance to the safety of the operation of the rig/platform can be remotely controlled.It is a reliable means oE EVACUATION able to carry personnel away from an endangered rig/platform, when all else has failed. 1. INTRODUCTION As far as circumstances permit, evacuation of offshore rigs/platforms shall be carried out by normal means of personnel transfer, such as helicopters, stand-by vessels, supply boats or gangways to other platforms. In cases of severe accidents, severe weather conditions, darkness and fog, normal means of evacuation often are prevented from being used. Evacuation and escape by sea is the only real choice. Four critical problem areas can be identified during the launching and escape of a conventional lifeboat. They comprise of the lowering of the craft, the on/off-load release, the moving away from the windward side of the structure and the recovery of personnel. Conventional evacuation systems are often fragile and require high standards of seamanship in their launching and handling. Even in moderate wave conditions and darkness launching of a lifeboat is a great hazard. There have been several accidents during boat drill and exercises reported. There is a great need for a system, which allows the personnel to remain safely onboard the rig/platform as long as possible during the first phase of an accident. Reflected decisions can then be taken whether evacuation really is required at an early stage or if there is a prospect to take active counter measures, while the personnel are still in relative safety, ready for immediate launching. There is also a need for a system, which in a reliable way is capable of transfering the personnel from the deck height down to the waterlevel and clear of the rig/platform. Finally, this evacuation system shall perform satisfactory in a hostile marine environment transporting the personnel away to a safer place. The cabin has been built and tested in prototype scale for 125 men. It contains a number of refined functions and fulfills all essential parts of the new Chapter III of the IMO regulations. In the paper only the features, which deviate from conventional lifeboats are described. The developing work has been carried out with a determined mind to obtain a new generation of life saving and loss prevention system. Computerized reliability calculations have been a useful tool.
Surface-Barrier Diodes on Silicon Carbide (1968)

Metal—semiconductor Schottky barrier contacts on SiC have been made both by cleaving single crystals of SiC (6H and 15R polytype) in ultrahigh vacuum in a stream of evaporating metal, and by evaporating metal onto etched surfaces. Results of capacitance and photoresponse measurements on n-type and p-type samples are presented. The barrier height on n-type samples is 1.45(±0.10) eV, independent of the work function of the metals (Au, Ag, Al). Nearly the same value is found for Al contacts on p-type SiC. When Au contacts are used, the barriers on heavily doped p-type crystals spread from 0.90–1.25 eV. The results for the purer n-type samples show that the Fermi level at the interface is fixed by surface states at the middle of the energy gap.
High Purity ZnS/Ge Interference Filter Emittance (1999)

Abstract : Data are presented that demonstrate infrared thin film interference filters made with CVD zinc sulfide start materials exhibit significantly higher spectral emittance than those made with IRTRAN II. A simple radiometric model and comparative analysis are discussed that indicates elevated filter emittance levels may adversely impact infrared sensors and seekers designed to operate in the 7 - 15 micron region. It is expected that systems that incorporate filters made with CVD ZnS could exhibit anomalous high backgrounds, image blurring or optical cross talk.
Multiple-breath washin of helium and sulfur hexafluoride in sustained microgravity (1998)

We performed multiple-breath washouts of N2 and simultaneous washins of He and SF6 with fixed tidal volume (approximately 1,250 ml) and preinspiratory lung volume (approximately the subject's functional residual capacity in the standing position) in four normal subjects (mean age 40 yr) standing and supine in normal gravity (1 G) and during exposure to sustained microgravity (microG). The primary objective was to examine the influence of diffusive processes on the residual, nongravitational ventilatory inhomogeneity in the lung in microG. We calculated several indexes of convective ventilatory inhomogeneity from each gas species. A normal degree of ventilatory inhomogeneity was seen in the standing position at 1 G that was largely unaltered in the supine position. When we compared the standing position in 1 G with microG, there were reductions in phase III slope in all gases, consistent with a reduction in convection-dependent inhomogeneity in the lung in microG, although considerable convective inhomogeneity persisted in microG. The reductions in the indexes of convection-dependent inhomogeneity were greater for He than for SF6, suggesting that the distances between remaining nonuniformly ventilated compartments in microG were short enough for diffusion of He to be an effective mechanism to reduce gas concentration differences between them.
Microsoft Office Project 2007 Step by Step (2003)

Teach yourself how to use the latest version of Microsoft Project-one step at a time! Use easy, self-paced lessons to build exactly the skills you need to manage simple to complex projects.
Gene Expression Signature Differentiates Histology But Not Progression Status of Early-Stage NSCLC (2017)

Advances in molecular analyses based on high-throughput technologies can contribute to a more accurate classification of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as a better prediction of both the disease course and the efficacy of targeted therapies. Here we set out to analyze whether global gene expression profiling performed in a group of early-stage NSCLC patients can contribute to classifying tumor subtypes and predicting the disease prognosis. Gene expression profiling was performed with the use of the microarray technology in a training set of 108 NSCLC samples. Subsequently, the recorded findings were validated further in an independent cohort of 44 samples. We demonstrated that the specific gene patterns differed significantly between lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) samples. Furthermore, we developed and validated a novel 53-gene signature distinguishing SCC from AC with 93% accuracy. Evaluation of the classifier performance in the validation set showed that our predictor classified the AC patients with 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity. We revealed that gene expression patterns observed in the early stages of NSCLC may help elucidate the histological distinctions of tumors through identification of different gene-mediated biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of histologically distinct tumors. However, we showed here that the gene expression profiles did not provide additional value in predicting the progression status of the early-stage NSCLC. Nevertheless, the gene expression signature analysis enabled us to perform a reliable subclassification of NSCLC tumors, and it can therefore become a useful diagnostic tool for a more accurate selection of patients for targeted therapies.
A Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Dense IEEE 802.11 Networks (2007)

This paper presents a stochastic geometry model for the performance analysis and the planning of dense IEEE 802.11 networks. This model allows one to propose heuristic formulas for various properties of such networks like the probability for users to be covered, the probability for access points to be granted access to the channel or the average long term throughput provided to end-users. The main merit of this model is to take the effect of interferences and that of CSMA into account within this dense network context. This analytic model, which is based on Matern point processes, is partly validated against simulation. It is then used to assess various properties of such networks. We show for instance how the long term throughput obtained by end-users behaves when the access point density increases. We also briefly show how to use this model for the planning of managed networks and for the economic modeling of unplanned networks.
Understanding the Role of Serotonin in Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and Treatment Options (2017)

Serotonin overactivity is a putative cause of sexual dysfunction in patients with HSDD. The unique pharmacologic profile of flibanserin tones down inhibitory serotonergic function and restores dopaminergic and noradrenergic function. Croft HA. Understanding the Role of Serotonin in Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and Treatment Options. J Sex Med 2017;14:1575-1584.
Synthesis of Carbocyclic Spiro Compounds via Intramolecular Alkylation Routes (1974)

Intramolecular alkylation processes which lead to the formation of compounds with a free carbocyclic spiro linkage are reviewed. 1. Intramolecular Dehydrohalogenations, Dehydrotosylations, and Related Reactions 1.1. 2-(ω-Bromoalkyl)cycloalkanones 1.2. Detosylations of Steroidal α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and β,γ-Unsaturated Cyclohexenones 1.3. 9-(ω-Haloalkyl)fluorenes 1.4. α-Halo-β,β-cycloalkyl Glutaric Acids and Esters 1.5. Phenylspiropentane from the Deamination of a Quaternary Aminium Compound 1.6. Intramolecular Dehydration of 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanone 1.7. Neighboring Group Participation Routes 2. Intermolecular Processes Followed by Intramolecular Dehydrohalogenations and Similar Cyclizations 2.1. Di- and Tetraalkylations of Ketonic Substrates with α,ω-Dihaloalkanes 2.2. Treatment of Dimedone with β-Acetoxyethylmercury(II) Chloride 2.3. Guareschi Imide Dialkylations 2.4. Dialkylations of Compounds with Non-Ketonic Active Methylene Groups 2.5. Intermolecular Displacements Followed by Cyclizations 2.6. Michael Additions Followed by Intramolecular Eliminations 2.7. α,α′ -Annelation Processes- Enamine Alkylations Followed by Michael Reaction 2.8. Michael Additions 3. Intramolecular Dehalogenations and Related Reactions 3.1. Reductions Leading to Spiropentanes 3.2. Reductions Leading to Spirocyclopropyl Systems 3.3. Reductions Leading to Spirocyclopropyl Ketones 3.4. Reductions of α,α′-Dihaloketones 3.5. Reductive Cyclizations of Guareschi Imide Dibromides 3.6. α,α′-Dibromo-β,β-cycloalkyl Glutaric Esters 4. Free Radical Cyclizations 4.1. Oxidative Phenol Couplings 4.2. Oxidative Couplings of Methylene-bis-dimedones 4.3. Radical Cyclizations at Double Bonds 4.4. Substituted Difluorenol Coupling 4.5. Photochemical Dehydrobrominations 5. Acid-Catalyzed Cyclizations 5.1. Cyclodehydrations of Alcohols 5.2. Unsaturated Substrate Cyclizations 5.3. Intermolecular Acid-Catalyzed Cyclizations Followed by Intramolecular Cyclizations 6. Thermal Cyclizations 6.1. Conia Cyclizations 6.2.Thermal and Photochemical Decomposition of Spiro Pyrazoline Adducts
A comparative study of laser spray and electrospray (2000)

A comparative study of electrospray and laser spray has been undertaken from various aspects. In general, laser spray gave stronger ion signals than electrospray, for solutions with the sample concentration of </=10(-5)M. For an aqueous solution of arginine, ion intensities of the cluster ions H(+)(arginine)(n) with larger n were observed by laser spray than by electrospray. This may be due to the enrichment of the sample concentration by the selective vaporization of the solvent from the meniscus of the sample solution effusing out of the stainless steel capillary by the laser irradiation. For an H(2)O/CH(3)OH (1:1, v/v) solution of 10(-5) M Arg-Lys-Arg-Ala-Arg-Lys-Glu, laser spray gave stronger ion signals than electrospray while the most highly charged ion observed was [M + 4H](4+) for laser spray and [M + 5H](5+) for electrospray. Laser spray was found to be the most suitable for the analyses of aqueous solutions. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-invasive risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: don't throw out the baby with the bathwater (2008)

Although historical accounts consistent with sudden cardiac death (SCD) date back to ancient times, only in the past quarter of a century has prevention of these events become possible. Growing understanding of underlying disease states, development of effective anti-arrhythmic therapy, and the advent of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have all contributed to realization of this goal. Nevertheless, prophylactic ICD placement in the inherited cardiovascular disease population to some extent represents a double-edged sword. On the one hand, averting SCD in individuals without debilitating symptoms or co-morbidities may yield an exceptional number of quality-adjusted life years. Conversely, the present knowledge gap regarding the consequences of extended device therapy is of particular relevance in young patients in whom the aim is to achieve normal life expectancy. Increasing awareness that ICDs are not a trouble-free panacea for all patients with SCD syndromes1,2 has underscored the importance of reliable risk prediction.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 500 in the adult population. Morbidity may result from diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischaemia, systemic thromboembolism, mitral regurgitation, and left ventricular systolic impairment. In community-based cohorts, the annual mortality from HCM may be ≤1%, implying a stable clinical course in the majority.3 Nevertheless, most of the deaths that do occur are sudden and arrhythmic, with myocyte disarray and fibrosis serving as the substrate, while purported precipitants include myocardial ischaemia, LVOTO, abnormal vascular responses, conduction disease, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia with accessory pathway conduction, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT).4

The risk predictors hitherto identified in HCM ( Table 1 ) each correspond to one or more of these factors, although their interplay in any instance of SCD is undoubtedly complex. A family history of premature SCD … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +44 2075738841, Fax: +44 2075738859, Email: william.mckenna{at}uclh.org