gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Responses of Three Tick Species1 to Carbon Dioxide in the Laboratory and Field1 (1980)

Olfactory perception to carbon dioxide gas was electrophysiologically investigated in Amblyomma americanum (L.), Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Response time to carbon dioxide stimulation in females was of longer duration than in their conspecific males throughout all tests. Response times of females reached a peak at age 8–10 wk postmolt. Response times of males gradually decreased with age. Ticks preconditioned to low ambient carbon dioxide always produced response times of longer duration than ticks preconditioned to high ambient carbon dioxide. As preconditioning humidity increased, tick response time increased. Duration of tick response time to carbon dioxide at the temperature regimes tested was variable. Amblyomma americanum adults were selected for further study under field conditions to determine the efficacy of CO2 tick traps on attraction of ticks of various ages. A higher percentage of ticks 8–10 and 12–14 wk postmolt was retrapped.
The Involution of the Ageing Human Thymic Epithelium is Independent of Puberty (1985)

One hundred and thirty-six thymuses completely removed at autopsy from persons suffering a sudden death were examined by stereological and morphometrical methods. Adding biopsy material from immunologically healthy cardiac patients we obtained relative volumes from 204 persons ranging in age from 1 month to 107 years. The size of the human thymus remains unchanged during ageing under normal physiological conditions (median: 19.5 cm3). Individual maximum size (range: 5-70 cm3) is reached in the first year of life. Early histological changes are in the enlargement of the perivascular space, the Hassall's bodies, and the connective tissue. This begins in the first year of life, reaches a maximum from 10 to 25 years, then declines again. Adipose tissue replaces the lymphocytic perivascular space and the connective tissue only. This occurs extensively after the age of 15 years. When defined by the silver impregnation technique, the volumes of the thymic epithelium (cortex and medulla), show a continuous involution from the first year to the end of life. The curve can be approximated to simple negative logarithmic functions. The velocity and nature of involution of the thymic epithelium do not change under the influence of the changing hormonal balance due to puberty. Since important thymic functions (T lymphopoiesis and T-cell differentiation) are located in the epithelial space, the age-related involution of the human thymus is not related to puberty.
Identification of promoter-proximal oligonucleotides and a unique dinucleotide, pppGpC, from in vitro transcription products of vesicular stomatitis virus (1981)

The oligonucleotides synthesized by purified vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro in the absence of one or more ribonucleoside triphosphate precursors have been studied. The oligonucleotides contained the 5'-terminal sequences of the leader RNA and one or more mRNA's. The promoter-proximal oligonucleotides lacked 5'-terminal cap structure and contained triphosphate A. These results suggest that the RNA polymerase is located at multiple promoter sites on the genome RNA from where it initiates transcription. The capping reaction appears to occur subsequently during RNA chain elongation. We have also demonstrated that a unique dinucleotide, pppGpC, of presently unknown function is synthesized in vitro in large amounts during RNA synthesis or in the presence of GTP and CTP only.
Nineteenth Century Accounting Error (1965)

Only fleeting attention has been given to the possibility of persistent error or bias in the calculations on which investment, output, and/or pricing decisions were based in the nineteenth century. This is an indirect tribute to the influence of Max Weber and other rationalists who stressed the concept of a rational capitalistic establishment employs capital accounting, that is, an establishment which determines its income yielding power by calculation according to methods of modern bookkeeping and the striking of a balance. 1 Schumpeter's views are even more exalting.
Fertility Level of Bull Semen Diluted at 1:400 with and without Sulfanilamide (1948)

Summary In one investigation it was found that the practical limit of dilution rate was about 1:100 when the yolk-citrate diluter was used. In another experiment involving 7,343 inseminations when sulfanilamide was added to the yolk-citrate diluter at the rate of 300 mg. per 100 ml., no difference was found in fertility level between dilution rates of one part of semen to 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 parts of the yolk-citrate-sulfanilamide diluter. However, a trend downwards amounting to 0.8 per cent in fertility level for each decrease of 1 million spermatozoa inseminated was observed, over the range of 2.36 to 15.30 millions of spermatozoa inseminated. The probable reasons for the different results of the two experiments are discussed. With present handling and insemination techniques, it is suggested that the minimum number of spermatozoa consistent with optimum fertility rests at 5 to 10 millions from bulls of known fertility.
Watertight closure of spinal dura mater (1975)

✓ The authors describe a technique by which a plug of fat is used to repair small rents in the spinal dura mater.
Parameterized Non-Gaussian Variational Gate Timing Analysis (2007)

As technology scales down, timing verification of digital integrated circuits becomes an extremely difficult task due to the gate and wire variability. Therefore, statistical timing analysis (denoted by sigmaTA) is becoming unavoidable. In this paper, two new approaches for doing variational gate TA for Gaussian and non-Gaussian sources of variation in parameterized sigmaTA are presented. To start, a variational RC-pi load is approximated by using a canonical first-order model. Next, an accurate variational gate TA (VGTA) technique, which accounts for variational RC-pi loads, variational input transitions, and a variation-aware gate library, is introduced. The proposed method relies on static effective-capacitance-calculation method and its variational form. Experimental results demonstrate that VGTA exhibits an average error of 4% for gate delay and output transition time with respect to the Monte Carlo simulation with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> samples. Next, a more efficient VGTA [called Fast VGTA (F-VGTA)] based on a single-iteration variational effective capacitance calculation is presented. Experimental results show that F-VGTA achieves an average error of 7% for gate delay and output transition time with respect to the Monte Carlo simulation with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> samples but with runtimes that are about two times faster than VGTA.
Contour-based object tracking with occlusion handling in video acquired using mobile cameras (2004)

We propose a tracking method which tracks the complete object regions, adapts to changing visual features, and handles occlusions. Tracking is achieved by evolving the contour from frame to frame by minimizing some energy functional evaluated in the contour vicinity defined by a band. Our approach has two major components related to the visual features and the object shape. Visual features (color, texture) are modeled by semiparametric models and are fused using independent opinion polling. Shape priors consist of shape level sets and are used to recover the missing object regions during occlusion. We demonstrate the performance of our method on real sequences with and without object occlusions.
Apples and Pears: Production, Physicochemical and Nutritional Quality, and Major Products (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Section 1: Apples: Production, Quality, and Processing Introduction Production and Consumption Harvest, Postharvest, and Storage Apple Biochemistry (Flavor, Color, Texture, Plant Flavonoids, Antioxidant Capacity) and Health Benefits Processed Apple Products Section 2: Pears: Production, Quality, and Processing Introduction Production and Consumption Harvest and Postharvest Handling Physicochemical and Nutritional Quality Major Processed Products References
Reviews of Books (1951)

Journal Article Reviews of Books Get access The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Editors: JULIAN P. BOYD, LYMAN H. BUTTERFIELD and MINA R. BRYAN. Vol. i, 1760–1776. (London: Cumberlege, for Princeton University Press, 1950.) ANTHONY STEEL ANTHONY STEEL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXVI, Issue CCLX, July 1951, Pages 417–421, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXVI.CCLX.417 Published: 01 July 1951
Neutral Salts: The Generality of Their Effects on the Stability of Macromolecular Conformations (1964)

The effects of various neutral salts on the temperature of the thermally-induced denaturation of the globular protein ribonuclease are described and compared with the effects of these salts on helix-coil transition temperatures in other macromolecules. These agents affect the stability of the native form of macromolecules as diverse as ribonuclease, collagen, DNA, and myosin in very similar ways; salts such as KSCN and CaCl(2) serve as very potent general structural destabilizers or denaturants, while salts such as (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and K(2)HPO(4) strongly stabilize the native conformation. The effectiveness of the neutral salts as ribonuclease destabilizers is compared with that of urea and the guanidinium salts.
Stability analysis of adaptive output feedback systems (2002)

This paper presents stability theory of adaptive systems using an extension of the Yakubovich-Kalman-Popov (YKP) lemma. Adaptive stability analysis is relevant for observer-based feedback control systems. Relaxation of the controllability and observability conditions imposed in the YKP lemma can be made for a class of adaptive systems described by a linear time-invariant system (LTI) with adaptive feedback.
Swarm Eye: A Distributed Autonomous Surveillance System (2018)

Conventional means such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and satellite imaging are important information sources but provide only limited and static information. In tactical situations rich 3D images and dynamically self-adapting information are needed to overcome this restriction; this information should be collected where it is available. Swarms are sets of interconnected units that can be arranged and coordinated in any flexible way to execute a specific task in a distributed manner. This paper introduces Swarm Eye – a concept that provides a platform for combining the powerful techniques of swarm intelligence, emergent behaviour and computer graphics in one system. It allows the testing of new image processing concepts for a better and well informed decision making process. By using advanced collaboratively acting eye units, the system can observe, gather and process images in parallel to provide high value information. To capture visual data from an autonomous UAV unit, the unit has to be in the right position in order to get the best visual sight. The developed system also provides autonomous adoption of formations for UAVs in an autonomous and distributed manner in accordance with the tactical situation.
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, a disorder of apoptosis (1999)

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) is a recently recognized disease in which a genetic defect in programmed cell death, or apoptosis, leads to breakdown of lymphocyte homeostasis and normal immunologic tolerance. Some authors have referred to ALPS as Canale-Smith syndrome or lymphoproliferative syndrome with autoimmunity. Patients with ALPS have chronic enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes, various manifestations of autoimmunity, and elevation of a normally rare population of "double negative T cells" (DNTs), T lymphocytes bearing alpha beta T cell receptors and expressing neither cluster differentiation (CD)4 nor CD8 surface antigens. When lymphocytes from patients with ALPS are cultured in vitro, they are resistant to apoptosis as compared to cells from healthy controls. Most patients with ALPS have mutations in a gene now named TNFRSF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor gene superfamily member 6). This gene, previously known as apoptosis antigen 1 (APT1), encodes the cell surface receptor for the major apoptosis pathway in mature lymphocytes; this receptor has also had many names, including Fas (to be used here), CD95, and APO-1. ALPS is subdivided into: 1) Type Ia, ALPS with mutant Fas; 2) Type Ib, lymphadenopathy and mutation in the ligand for Fas in one patient with systemic lupus erythematosus; 3) Type II, ALPS with mutant caspase 10; and 4) Type III, ALPS as yet without any defined genetic cause.
Conversion Reaction of FeF<sub>2</sub> Thin Films upon Exposure to Atomic Lithium (2012)

The chemical and structural phase evolution of ultrathin (∼5 nm) FeF2 films upon deposition of atomic lithium in an ultrahigh vacuum environment has been studied using X-ray and UV photoemission spectroscopies, inverse photoemission spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy in an effort to explore the fundamental properties of the conversion reaction of this promising Li battery cathode material. Spectroscopic measurements show reduction of FeF2 into a metallic Fe0 phase and a LiF phase upon Li deposition. No other phases are detected. Transmission electron microscopy reveals extensive changes in the film’s morphology and material reorganization upon full lithiation. The initial FeF2 film, with grains on the order of 10 nm in diameter, phase separates into smaller (∼3 nm) interconnected Fe0 regions surrounded by LiF. This structural modification is attributed to the large Li+ ionic mobility with respect to Fe2+. The intrinsic nanoscale texture of the final phases is believed to aid in accommodating the extensive structural transformations that occur in this conversion reaction material during an electrochemical cycle in battery applications.
Model-based Requirement Verification : A Case Study (2012)

This paper presents a complete case study that takes a real Fuel Display System element used in Scania Trucks and applies an unified process for modelling system requirements together with the system itself and verifying these requirements in a structured manner. In order to achieve this process the system is modeled in Modelica, and requirement verification scenarios are specified in ModelicaML and verified with the vVDR (Virtual Verification of Designs against Requirements) approach.
A New Indole Derivative from the Red Alga <i>Chondria atropurpurea</i>. Isolation, Structure Determination, and Anthelmintic Activity (1998)

Chondriamide C (3), a new bis(indole) amide, was isolated from the red alga Chondria atropurpurea, and its structure was established from spectroscopic data and chemical transformations. A new natural product, 3-indoleacrylamide (4), and the previously described chondriamides A and B (1, 2) and 3-indoleacrylic acid (5) were also isolated. The anthelmintic activities of compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 (the O,N1,N1'-trimethyl derivative of compound 2) against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in vitro were evaluated.
Evaluation of Field Methods for Measuring or Predicting Soil-Water Properties (1976)

The variability of soil-water properties such as bulk density, the soil-water characteristic and the hydraulic conductivity of soil profiles were measured with respect to depth in four field plots. Simplified solutions of the flow equation were tested as to their adequacy in predicting soil-water flux during unsaturated drainage and as a simple means of measuring the hydraulic conductivity as a function of soil-water content. Results indicate that simple approaches for measuring hydraulic conductivity and for calculating the soil-water flux do provide sufficient accuracy in light of natural soil variability.
Phantom sources for separation of listening and viewing positions of multipresent avatars in narrowcasting collaborative virtual environments (2004)

Our group is exploring interactive multimedia, especially for virtual and mixed reality groupware systems. The apparent paradoxes of multipresence, having avatars in multiple places or spaces simultaneously, are resolvable by an "autofocus" feature, which uses reciprocity, logical exchangability of source and sink, to project overlaid sound-scapes and simulate precedence effect to consolidate the audio display. We review an interface to control source/spl larr/sink transmissions in synchronous groupware (like teleconferences, chatspaces, virtual concerts, etc.), supporting spatial audio multipresence with narrowcasting functions in a collaborative virtual environment, implemented in a Java3D application, "Multiplicity". The interface allows interactation with other clients in our groupware suite (including mobile phone, stereographic panoramic browser, and multispeaker systems). "Phantom sources" are used to control superposition of soundscapes relative to a selected viewpoint. Relative displacement from sources/spl larr/sinks can be used to display phantom sources from alternate locations, exocentrically visibly and endocentrically auditorilly. A extra feature of the phantom source displacement is the accommodation of a rotatable speaker axis (including median plane arrangement).
Cryopreserved Amniotic Suspension for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis (2015)

There are few treatment options for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Human amniotic suspension allografts (ASA) have anti-inflammatory and chondroregenerative potential and thus represent a promising treatment strategy. In anticipation of a large, placebo-controlled trial of intra-articular ASA for symptomatic knee OA, an open-label prospective feasibility study was performed. Six patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grades 3 and 4 tibiofemoral knee OA were administered a single intra-articular ASA injection containing cryopreserved particulated human amnion and amniotic fluid cells. Patients were followed for 12 months after treatment. No significant injection reactions were noted. Compared with baseline there were (1) no significant effect of the ASA injection on blood cell counts, lymphocyte subsets, or inflammatory markers and (2) a small, but statistically significant increase in serum IgG and IgE levels. Patient-reported outcomes including International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores were collected throughout the study and evaluated for up to 12 months. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of a single intra-articular injection of ASA for the treatment of knee OA and provides the foundation for a large placebo-controlled trial of intra-articular ASA for symptomatic knee OA.
Copolymerizations of styrene with magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium acrylates in dimethyl sulfoxide (1989)

Abstract Radical copolymerizations of styrene with acrylates of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium were carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined by the Yezrielev‐Brokhina‐Roskin and the Kelen‐Tüdős methods. In all cases the monomer reactivity ratio for styrene exceeded one and those for the salts were less than one. The Q ‐values of the Alfrey‐Price scheme for the metal acrylates were within the range 0,1 − 0,2. For the values of the polarity parameter e the following sequence was found: e MgA 2 < e CaA 2 < e SrA 2 < e BaA 2 and the tendency for alternation in copolymerizations increased in the same order. The results indicate that the course of copolymerizations under study is predominantly affected by polarization of the vinyl groups in the salts.
<i>Bacteroides</i>: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty (2007)

Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained in the gut, but when they escape this environment they can cause significant pathology, including bacteremia and abscess formation in multiple body sites. Genomic and proteomic analyses have vastly added to our understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human gut. A few examples are (i) complex systems to sense and adapt to nutrient availability, (ii) multiple pump systems to expel toxic substances, and (iii) the ability to influence the host immune system so that it controls other (competing) pathogens. B. fragilis, which accounts for only 0.5% of the human colonic flora, is the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogen due, in part, to its potent virulence factors. Species of the genus Bacteroides have the most antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the highest resistance rates of all anaerobic pathogens. Clinically, Bacteroides species have exhibited increasing resistance to many antibiotics, including cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin).
Evaluation of a fixed-dose combination of benazepril and pimobendan in dogs with congestive heart failure: a randomized non-inferiority clinical trial (2018)

A fixed-dose combination tablet of benazepril and pimobendan (Fortekor Plus; Elanco Animal Health) was tested in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in a three-arm, masked, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial in Japan. The test group (n = 34) received Fortekor Plus twice daily. Two control groups received registered formulations of benazepril (Fortekor; Elanco Animal Health) and pimobendan (Vetmedin; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) with administration of Vetmedin twice daily and Fortekor twice (Control I, n = 14) or once (Control II, n = 19) daily. Diuretics were used in 22 dogs (32.8%). Global clinical scores decreased significantly from baseline in all groups; there were no significant differences between groups, and non-inferiority of Fortekor Plus compared to Control I, Control II, and combined Control I + II groups was demonstrated. There were no significant differences between groups for relevant clinical chemistry and hematology variables or frequency of all adverse events. Frequency of emesis was significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0042) lower in the Fortekor Plus (8.8%) group than in the Control I + II (39.4%) group. In conclusion, Fortekor Plus had non-inferior efficacy and was associated with significantly less emesis compared to Fortekor and Vetmedin in dogs with CHF caused by MMVD.
Use of Uracil Thin Layer for Measuring Biologically Effective UV Dose (1996)

Dimerization of uracil monomers in a polycrystalline state by UV radiation changes the absorption characteristics of a thin layer of the material. The change in optical density, measured by spectrophotometry in the 250-400 nm range, as a function of the exposure time is evaluated in terms of the biologically effective UV dose. A statistical evaluation of a great number of uracil dosimeters irradiated with a TL01 lamp from Philips establishes the possibility of evaluating the biologically effective UV dose using a uracil dosimeter. Nonlinear regression procedures were introduced to correct the absorption spectra for contributions due to light scattering and to determine the optical density values required to calculate the UV dose expressed in HU units. Comparison of cumulative daily doses and long-term monitoring measured by the uracil thin-layer dosimeter and a phage T7 dosimeter are given, which allow the determination of conversion factors between various biological dosimeters under different irradiation conditions.