gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists inhibit tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer (2009)

Cannabinoids have been reported to possess antitumorogenic activity. Not much is known, however, about the effects and mechanism of action of synthetic nonpsychotic cannabinoids on breast cancer growth and metastasis. We have shown that the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are overexpressed in primary human breast tumors compared with normal breast tissue. We have also observed that the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231, MDA-MB231-luc, and MDA-MB468 express CB1 and CB2 receptors. Furthermore, we have shown that the CB2 synthetic agonist JWH-133 and the CB1 and CB2 agonist WIN-55,212-2 inhibit cell proliferation and migration under in vitro conditions. These results were confirmed in vivo in various mouse model systems. Mice treated with JWH-133 or WIN-55,212-2 showed a 40% to 50% reduction in tumor growth and a 65% to 80% reduction in lung metastasis. These effects were reversed by CB1 and CB2 antagonists AM 251 and SR144528, respectively, suggesting involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors. In addition, the CB2 agonist JWH-133 was shown to delay and reduce mammary gland tumors in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) transgenic mouse model system. Upon further elucidation, we observed that JWH-133 and WIN-55,212-2 mediate the breast tumor-suppressive effects via a coordinated regulation of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 signaling pathways and induction of apoptosis. These results indicate that CB1 and CB2 receptors could be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies against breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Head pose estimation using Gabor eigenspace modeling (2003)

An approach towards head pose estimation is introduced based on Gabor eigenspace modeling. A Gabor filter is used to enhance pose information and eliminate other distractive information like variable face appearance or changing environmental illumination. We discuss the selection of optimal Gabor filter's orientation to each pose, which leads to more compact pose clustering. Then we use a distribution-based pose model (DBPM) to model each pose cluster in Gabor eigenspace. Thus to each pose cluster, a 2D-distance space is established where the distance from centroid (DFC) could be used to estimate head pose. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's robustness and generalization. We also try our algorithm on real scene sequences to detect human face and estimate its pose. In this way, user can control an intelligent wheelchair just by his head poses.
A three-phase multi-functional battery energy storage system (2002)

A three-phase multi-functional battery energy storage system (BESS) is designed and implemented in this paper. When the utility power is in normal condition, the proposed BESS can be arranged to shave the peak load or charge the battery bank. In either case, since the load is unbalanced, harmonic and reactive powers can be compensated through the proposed active power filtering control, the power factor is maintained near to unity and the line currents drawn from the utility are balanced and sinusoidal with very low distortion. As a utility power failure occurs, the proposed BESS can immediately supply uninterruptible power to the loads. In this case, an instantaneous control technique is developed to yield good three-phase voltage waveforms. The determination of reactive components, the dynamic modeling and the design of controllers for the proposed BESS are made. Some experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BESS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Standards-Based Education and Its Impacts on Environmental Science Education. (2000)

This article explores the impact on K-12 environmental education and the preparation of K-12 teachers to deliver effective environmental education by the national and state standards movement begun by the Goals 2000 program. The article describes what constitutes effective environmental education; the role of technology might play in such an education, and how national and state standards documents support the teaching of effective environmental education.
Novel Highly Potent and Selective σ<sub>1</sub>Receptor Antagonists Related to Spipethiane (2010)

Conservative chemical modifications of the core structure of the lead spipethiane (1) afforded novel potent sigma(1) ligands. sigma(1) affinity and sigma(1/)sigma(2) selectivity proved to be favored by the introduction of polar functions (oxygen atom or carbonyl group) in position 3 or 4 (4-6) or by the elongation of the distance between the two hydrophobic portions of the molecule with the simultaneous presence of a carbonyl group in position 4 (8 and 9). The observed cytostatic effect against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR, highly expressing sigma(1) receptors, and not against MCF-7, as well as the enhancement of morphine analgesia highlighted the sigma(1) antagonist profile of this series of compounds. In particular, due to its high sigma(1) affinity (pK(i) = 10.28) and sigma(1)/sigma(2) selectivity ratio (29510), compound 9 might be a novel valuable tool for sigma receptor characterization and a suitable template for the rational design of potential therapeutically useful sigma(1) antagonists.
ActiTouch (2019)

Contemporary AR/VR systems use in-air gestures or handheld controllers for interactivity. This overlooks the skin as a convenient surface for tactile, touch-driven interactions, which are generally more accurate and comfortable than free space interactions. In response, we developed ActiTouch, a new electrical method that enables precise on-skin touch segmentation by using the body as an RF waveguide. We combine this method with computer vision, enabling a system with both high tracking precision and robust touch detection. Our system requires no cumbersome instrumentation of the fingers or hands, requiring only a single wristband (e.g., smartwatch) and sensors integrated into an AR/VR headset. We quantify the accuracy of our approach through a user study and demonstrate how it can enable touchscreen-like interactions on the skin.
The Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain of Protein Phosphatase 5 Mediates Binding to Glucocorticoid Receptor Heterocomplexes and Acts as a Dominant Negative Mutant (1996)

We previously identified a protein-serine phosphatase designated PP5, based on the binding of its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain to the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor (Chinkers, M. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 11075-11079). We have now identified another protein complex to which PP5 is targeted through its TPR domain. A 90-kDa protein, identified as heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) by immunoblotting, specifically co-immunoprecipitated from COS-7 cell lysates with the FLAG-tagged TPR domain of PP5. hsp90 also co-immunoprecipitated with full-length FLAG-tagged PP5 overexpressed in COS-7 cells and with endogenous PP5 from untransfected COS-7 cells or rat brain. During gel filtration, PP5 and hsp90 comigrated in a high molecular weight complex. Since glucocorticoid receptors (GR) exist as large heterocomplexes containing hsp90 bound to TPR proteins, we hypothesized that PP5 might be associated with these complexes. Consistent with this hypothesis, PP5 specifically co-immunoprecipitated with GR from mouse L cell lysates. To test the functional importance of this TPR-mediated association in living cells, we used a dominant negative PP5 mutant consisting only of its TPR domain. The mutant inhibited GR-mediated transactivation by approximately 70% in transfected CV-1 cells. This is the first evidence that the TPR proteins in steroid receptor heterocomplexes may be required for signaling in vivo.
Structures involved in the binding of human fibrinogen to Candida albicans germ tubes (1990)

Recent evidence for the interaction between human fibrinogen and Candida albicans germ tubes have led us to attempt to characterize the structures involved. Using 125I-radiolabeled proteins, fibrinogen purified by affinity chromatography and its plasmin degradation products, the binding sites on the fibrinogen molecule appeared to be located specifically in the D-domain. Conversely to the fibrinogen and the fragment D, radiolabeled fragment E, however, did not interact with cell. The binding was time-dependent, saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of the data obtained revealed an average of 6000 binding sites per germ tube with dissociation constant (Kd) of 5.2 × 10−8 M. No potent competition was observed for a range of different proteins and carbohydrates. Fibrinogen fragment D binding proteins were identified using a dithiothreitol-iodoacetamide extract of the fungus. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, one compotent of 68 kDa was detected. Thus, the presence of fibrinogen binding proteins specifically localized on the cell wall surface of C. albicans germ tubes may constitute one of the factors involved in the development of candidosis.
Automation of Primary Screening for Cervical Cancer (1999)

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An efficient coverage-based flooding scheme for geocasting in mobile ad hoc networks (2006)

Geocasting is a variation of traditional multicasting in which the goal is to deliver a packet to all nodes within a geographical area often referred to as a geocast region. Several protocols have been designed for geocasting in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) which focus on how to route packets to the geocast region efficiently, while packet delivery within the geocast region is usually achieved by flooding. Given the known limitations of simple flooding on a network, it is beneficial to look for solutions that improve the packet delivery mechanism within a geocast region. In this paper, a protocol is proposed that extends existing geocast protocols by supporting a novel packet delivery mechanism through the use of efficient flooding. The solution employs coverage information and partitioning the geocast region into grids. Using coverage information, only nodes that can reach the new portion of the region, which has not been covered by a transmission, will rebroadcast the packet. The paper shows that this solution is superior to simple flooding since it reduces the number of redundant retransmissions within the geocast region considerably.
Quantifying Bandwidth Gain of Triage QoS Protocol and Mobility Effects (2006)

In previous work we presented the Triage protocol, an end-to-end (E2E) QoS approach, where packet scheduling is biased by priority class, the severity of distress in meeting E2E QoS goals, and the likelihood of meeting those goals if service rates are altered. In this work, we present improvements to the heuristics used to determine the Triage distress in the per-hop behavior, simulation results showing a 22% bandwidth gain through use of the Triage QoS protocol. Finally, we also show that significant gains are obtained even under high mobility conditions
Support−Catalyst−Gas Interactions during Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metallic Ta Films (2011)

We present a detailed study of processes and interactions occurring during the Fe-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes on metallic Ta supports. In situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction show that the Fe catalyst increases the reactivity of Ta toward oxidation and carbide formation, whereas Ta promotes the reduction of Fe. This causes an unusual temperature dependence of carbon nanotube growth, where at low temperatures (∼550 °C) vertically aligned forests of carbon nanotubes with ohmic contacts grow readily on metallic Ta, whereas at high temperatures (>600 °C) nanotube growth is sparse because of the diffusion of Fe away from the surface through grain boundaries of in situ formed polycrystalline Ta2O5. The Fe−Ta model system highlights general material selection criteria for nanotube applications that require a conductive support.
Chromatic Bipolar Cell Pathways in the Mouse Retina (2011)

Like most mammals, mice feature dichromatic color vision based on short (S) and middle (M) wavelength-sensitive cone types. It is thought that mammals share a retinal circuit that in dichromats compares S- and M-cone output to generate blue/green opponent signals, with bipolar cells (BCs) providing separate chromatic channels. Although S-cone-selective ON-BCs (type 9 in mouse) have been anatomically identified, little is known about their counterparts, the M-cone-selective OFF-BCs. Here, we characterized cone connectivity and light responses of selected mouse BC types using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology. Our anatomical data indicate that four (types 2, 3a/b, and 4) of the five mouse OFF-BCs indiscriminately contact both cone types, whereas type 1 BCs avoid S-cones. Light responses showed that the chromatic tuning of the BCs strongly depended on their position along the dorsoventral axis because of the coexpression gradient of M- and S-opsin found in mice. In dorsal retina, where coexpression is low, most type 2 cells were green biased, with a fraction of cells (≈ 14%) displaying strongly blue-biased responses, likely reflecting S-cone input. Type 1 cells were also green biased but did not comprise blue-biased "outliers," consistent with type 1 BCs avoiding S-cones. We therefore suggest that type 1 represents the green OFF pathway in mouse. In addition, we confirmed that type 9 BCs display blue-ON responses. In ventral retina, all BC types studied here displayed similar blue-biased responses, suggesting that color vision is hampered in ventral retina. In conclusion, our data support an antagonistically organized blue/green circuit as the common basis for mammalian dichromatic color vision.
Interfacial area and boundary of hydrodynamic flow region in packed column with cocurrent downward flow. (1977)

Liquid holdup and interfacial areas were measured in packed columns with cocurrent downward flow. An empirical equation of liquid holdup Φt is presented in terms of Reynolds numbers of gas Reg(=dsGg/μg) and liquid Rel, surface shape factor of packing φ, void fraction ε and ratio of packing to column diameter dp/T, where the ratio is smaller than 0.13. This equation is different for the dispersed bubble flow and other flow regions. The empirical equation of interfacial area ap in the respective flow regions varies as follows: apdp/(1-Φl/ε)=ωΦ-mRenlReqg(dp/T)-twhere ω=7.5×10-5, m=Q.2, n=Q.15, q=2/3, t=2.5 for spray flow; ω=2.2×10-4, m=0.3, n=2/3, q=0.2, t=2.5 for pulse flow; ω=3.9×10-3, m=0.1, n=0.4, q=p. t=2 for trickle flow; ω=2.8×10-7, m=0.9, n=1.8, q=0, t=3.3 for dispersed bubble flow. The equation of the boundary in the respective flow regions was found by equating the two of them. The predicted boundaries are in excellent agreement with the literature data given from the analysis of liquid pulse frequencies. The predictions for interfacial areas also agree well with the literature data.
Human Cell Culture Toxicity Testing of Medical Devices and Correlation to Animal Tests (1973)

AbstractWI-38 cells were used as indicators of toxicity in comparison to in vivo animal tests. Cell culture tests included 1) elution with cell culture medium, 2) direct contact with an agarose overlay, 3) elution with saline on an agarose overlay, and 4) elution with cottonseed oil on an agarose overlay. Animal tests performed were 1) systemic injection tests in mice, 2) intracutaneous tests in rabbits, and 3) intramuscular implantation in rabbits. Materials tested included rubber, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers, paper, polyethylene, and silicone rubber. WI-38 cell testing, by elution with cell culture medium, was the most sensitive indicator of toxicity followed in descending order by the intracutaneous rabbit test and the direct contact (agarose overlay) cell culture test. The other tests proved relatively insensitive measures of toxicity. Positive results were obtained with rubber, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers, and paper. The degree of correlation between in vitro and in vivo tests was rubber 86%, polypropylene 100%, and polyvinyl chloride 67%.Ethylene oxide and associated reaction products, 2-chloro-etnanol and ethylene glycol, were considered potential toxic components of gas sterilized materials and were toxicity tested in WI-38 cells. Cell culture detection limits were ethylene oxide 25 ppm, 2-chloroethanol 1000 ppm, and ethylene glycol 100,000 ppm.
CERTIFICAÇÃO FLORESTAL: INSTRUMENTO PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE (2013)

RESUMO: A certificação florestal parece ser um instrumento capaz de incentivar o manejo florestal sustentável e a sua consolidação e disseminação podem se valer muito de estudos que investiguem seus fundamentos e esclareçam a sua aplicação. Diante disso, realizou-se uma pesquisa básica e exploratória, delineada por métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com o objetivo de analisar a implementação do principal selo de certificação florestal do mundo, o FSC - Forest Stewardship Council. Os objetivos específicos desse estudo foram: elucidar a criação desse selo, buscando identificar a sua finalidade e o contexto social da época; analisar as principais características do processo; os seus principais custos e benefícios; e apresentar um panorama mundial da sua aplicação. Os resultados mostraram que a certificação FSC surgiu como uma das mais significativas inciativas a favor da sustentabilidade do setor florestal, em um momento em que a cooperação internacional foi convocada para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental. O processo de certificação é voluntário e baseado em princípios e critérios que mantêm padrões de desempenho ambiental, social e econômico para as operações de manejo em diferentes sistemas florestais do mundo. Ele gera custos indiretos e diretos, sendo os últimos mais onerosos. Os benefícios são amplos, do ponto de vista econômico, social e ambiental e atingem segmentos diversos da sociedade. O selo está presente em diversos países, com 10% das florestas manejadas no mundo certificadas. Concluiu-se que a certificação FSC desempenha um papel importante na busca pela sustentabilidade do setor florestal e deve ser incentivada. Palavras-chave: Manejo florestal. Cadeia de custódia. Selo FSC.
Decoupling and Control of Real and Reactive Power in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System (2013)

The paper presents a detailed modeling and simulation of different control schemes of the real and reactive power flows in a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) interfacing a photovoltaic (PV) generation system to the power grid. Synchronisation of the inverter and grid AC waveforms is achieved using a phase-locked-loop (PLL) circuit. An effective decoupling strategy based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers is designed to eliminate the interaction between the two current components. Finally, the influence of the grid disturbances on the PV system and the influence of the solar energy intermittency on the power grid have been tested. The overall model is implemented in Matlab and Simulink/SimPowerSystems toolboxes. Simulations results with the PV system operating with real irradiance data will be presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed decoupling and control strategies under different conditions of the power grid
Arc Fault and Flash Signal Analysis in DC Distribution Systems Using Wavelet Transformation (2015)

Arc faults have always been a concern for electrical systems, as they can cause fires, personnel shock hazard, and system failure. Existing commercialized techniques that rely on pattern recognition in the time domain or frequency domain analysis using a Fourier transform do not work well, because the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the arc signal is not periodic. Instead, wavelet transform (WT) provides a time and frequency approach to analyze target signals with multiple resolutions. In this paper, a new approach using WT for arc fault analysis in dc systems is proposed. The process of detecting an arc fault involves signal analysis and then feature identification. The focus of this paper is on the former. Simulation models are synthesized to study the theoretical results of the proposed methodology and traditional fast Fourier transform analysis on arcing faults. Experimental data from the dc system of a photovoltaic array is also shown to validate the approach.
High Prevalence of Celiac Disease Among Patients Affected by Crohnʼs Disease (2005)

Prevalence of celiac disease seems to be high among patients affected by CD, and this finding should be kept in mind at the time of the first diagnosis of CD; a gluten-free diet should be promptly started.
Integrating Collaborative and Live Coding for Distance Education (2017)

What does an online programming course need to engage students and improve their skills? To answer this question, the authors designed and tested a feature-rich collaborative environment for an online class and found that it enhanced learning through methods such as remote pair programming, live coding, and a tight code-to-artifact feedback loop.
An energy characterization platform for memory devices and energy-aware data compression for multilevel-cell flash memory (2008)

Memory devices often consume more energy than microprocessors in current portable embedded systems, but their energy consumption changes significantly with the type of transaction, data values, and access timing, as well as depending on the total number of transactions. These variabilities mean that an innovative tool and framework are required to characterize modern memory devices running in embedded system architectures. We introduce an energy measurement and characterization platform for memory devices, and demonstrate an application to multilevel-cell (MLC) flash memories, in which we discover significant value-dependent programming energy variations. We introduce an energy-aware data compression method that minimizes the flash programming energy, rather than the size of the compressed data, which is formulated as an entropy coding with unequal bit-pattern costs. Deploying a probabilistic approach, we derive energy-optimal bit-pattern probabilities and expected values of the bit-pattern costs which are applicable to the large amounts of compressed data typically found in multimedia applications. Then we develop an energy-optimal prefix coding that uses integer linear programming, and construct a prefix-code table. From a consideration of Pareto-optimal energy consumption, we can make tradeoffs between data size and programming energy, such as a 41% energy savings for a 52% area overhead.