gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size and Molecular Flexibility of Sugars Determine the Storage Stability of Freeze-Dried Proteins (2015)

Protein-based biopharmaceuticals are generally produced as aqueous solutions and stored refrigerated to obtain sufficient shelf life. Alternatively, proteins may be freeze-dried in the presence of sugars to allow storage stability at ambient conditions for prolonged periods. However, to act as a stabilizer, these sugars should remain in the glassy state during storage. This requires a sufficiently high glass transition temperature (Tg). Furthermore, the sugars should be able to replace the hydrogen bonds between the protein and water during drying. Frequently used disaccharides are characterized by a relatively low Tg, rendering them sensitive to plasticizing effects of residual water, which strongly reduces the Tg values of the formulation. Larger sugars generally have higher Tgs, but it is assumed that these sugars are limited in their ability to interact with the protein due to steric hindrance. In this paper, the size and molecular flexibility of sugars was related to their ability to stabilize proteins. Four diverse proteins varying in size from 6 kDa to 540 kDa were freeze-dried in the presence of different sugars varying in size and molecular flexibility. Subsequently, the different samples were subjected to an accelerated stability test. Using protein specific assays and intrinsic fluorescence, stability of the proteins was monitored. It was found that the smallest sugar (disaccharide trehalose) best preserved the proteins, but also that the Tg of the formulations was only just high enough to maintain sufficient vitrification. When trehalose-based formulations are exposed to high relative humidities, water uptake by the product reduces the Tgs too much. In that respect, sugars with higher Tgs are desired. Addition of polysaccharide dextran 70 kDa to trehalose greatly increased the Tg of the formulation. Moreover, this combination also improved the stability of the proteins compared to dextran only formulations. The molecularly flexible oligosaccharide inulin 4 kDa provided better stabilization than the similarly sized but molecularly rigid oligosaccharide dextran 6 kDa. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that size and molecular flexibility of sugars affect their ability to stabilize proteins. As long as they maintain vitrified, smaller and molecularly more flexible sugars are less affected by steric hindrance and thus better capable at stabilizing proteins.
Phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (NSC-119875) in advanced adenocarcinoma of the ovary. (1976)

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) was used in the treatment of 34 patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the ovary who were resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Two dose schedules were explored: a high-dose schedule with 30 mg/m2 given daily on 3 successive days every 4 weeks and a low-dose schedule with 30 mg/m2 given once every 2-3 weeks. Nine patients (26.5%) showed a therapeutic response with a median duration of 6 months (range, 3-15 months). The main toxic effects included myelosuppression, renal function impairment, and nausea and vomiting. The high-dose schedule proved to be more toxic without any therapeutic advantage.
Liquid-liquid equilibria by use of using UNIFAC for gasohol extraction systems (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid-liquid equilibria by use of using UNIFAC for gasohol extraction systemsIan A. FurzerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1984, 23, 2, 387–391Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200025a035https://doi.org/10.1021/i200025a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Atorvastatin and cardiac hypertrophy and function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study (2010)

The findings illustrated the challenges that will be encountered in designing efficacy studies to test the potential beneficial effects of atorvastatin in human HCM.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DISUBSTITUIERTE BENZOCYCLOHEPTANE (1971)

Abstract Die Ketosäure (II) geht in siedendem Methanol‐HCl in den Enoläther (I) (Ausbeute 70%) über; durch Hydrierung an Pt in Methanol läßt sie sich in das Hydrierungsprodukt (III) (96%) überführen.
CSP Is Dead, Long Live CSP! On the Insecurity of Whitelists and the Future of Content Security Policy (2016)

Content Security Policy is a web platform mechanism designed to mitigate cross-site scripting (XSS), the top security vulnerability in modern web applications. In this paper, we take a closer look at the practical benefits of adopting CSP and identify significant flaws in real-world deployments that result in bypasses in 94.72% of all distinct policies. We base our Internet-wide analysis on a search engine corpus of approximately 100 billion pages from over 1 billion hostnames; the result covers CSP deployments on 1,680,867 hosts with 26,011 unique CSP policies -- the most comprehensive study to date. We introduce the security-relevant aspects of the CSP specification and provide an in-depth analysis of its threat model, focusing on XSS protections. We identify three common classes of CSP bypasses and explain how they subvert the security of a policy. We then turn to a quantitative analysis of policies deployed on the Internet in order to understand their security benefits. We observe that 14 out of the 15 domains most commonly whitelisted for loading scripts contain unsafe endpoints; as a consequence, 75.81% of distinct policies use script whitelists that allow attackers to bypass CSP. In total, we find that 94.68% of policies that attempt to limit script execution are ineffective, and that 99.34% of hosts with CSP use policies that offer no benefit against XSS. Finally, we propose the "strict-dynamic" keyword, an addition to the specification that facilitates the creation of policies based on cryptographic nonces, without relying on domain whitelists. We discuss our experience deploying such a nonce-based policy in a complex application and provide guidance to web authors for improving their policies.
Growth and transport properties of InAs epilayers on GaAs (1988)

A series of InAs epitaxial layers with thicknesses ranging from 0.5 up to 6.2 μm was grown on (100) oriented semi-insulating GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The transport properties of the layers have been investigated by Hall effect measurements down to 10 K. The properties of the films are greatly influenced not only by the growth conditions but also by the InAs/GaAs interface structure. The mobility at room temperature is 1.8×104 cm2/V s (n=6.1×1015 cm−3) and peaks at about liquid-nitrogen temperature with a value of 5.173×104 cm2/V s (n=3.1×1015 cm−3) for a 6.2-μm-thick InAs layer. It is shown that the temperature dependence as well as the magnitude of the mobility can be explained by a combined impurity-phonon-dislocation scattering mechanism. From the combination, dislocation densities of the order of 106 cm−2 are found.
Improving Emergency Responsiveness with Management Science (2004)

While the goal of OR/MS is to aid decision-makers, implementation of published models occurs less frequently than one might hope. However, one area that has been significantly affected by management science is the management of emergency response systems. Dozens of papers on emergency service problems appeared in the OR/MS literature in the 1970s alone,-- many of which were published in Management Science. Three of these papers won major prizes. More importantly, many of these papers resulted in the implementation of substantially new policies and practices, particularly in policing and firefighting. Much of this work originated in New York City, though many other cities subsequently adopted the resulting models and strategies. In this paper, we look at the content and nature of the research itself, and the factors that led to these early implementation successes. We then track the extent to which these original models are still affecting decision-making in emergency response systems as well as the development of new OR/MS models and applications in the area. We also look at issues in emergency responsiveness that have emerged as a result of the national focus on terrorism and discuss the potential for future OR/MS modeling and application
Magnetic Optical Sensor Particles for pH Measurement (2010)

Magnetic optical sensor particles (MOSePs) in nanometer scale for pH measurement were synthesized and characterized. The measurement of pH is based on a ratiometric evaluation of the fluorescence of a pH‐sensitive indicator dye (N‐fluorescein‐acrylamide) and a reference dye (a rhodamine derivative) which is not affected by pH. Measurement of pH in aqueous media in the range of pH 5 to 9 is reversibly possible. As the particles can be collected in front of fiber optics with a specially designed separator, signal enhancement is easily achieved. Therefore, a low concentration of MOSePs is sufficient for investigations. Using the here reported MOSePs, the read out of pH is noninvasive, i.e., no dip probe needs to be inserted into the medium. In addition, no further preparation steps are required, pH‐sensitive MOSePs can be simply pipetted into the medium prior to measurement, magnetically collected at the side and read out with a fiber optic device through the glass wall.
Safety considerations in the design and operation of large wind turbines (1979)

The engineering and safety techniques used to assure the reliable and safe operation of large wind turbine generators utilizing the Mod 2 Wind Turbine System Program as an example is described. The techniques involve a careful definition of the wind turbine's natural and operating environments, use of proven structural design criteria and analysis techniques, an evaluation of potential failure modes and hazards, and use of a fail safe and redundant component engineering philosophy. The role of an effective quality assurance program, tailored to specific hardware criticality, and the checkout and validation program developed to assure system integrity are described.
An expert system based load monitoring and scheduling system for load balancing in distributed systems (2003)

It is argued that an expert system provides an ideal architecture for distributed control where each controller has to use information about the state of other decision makers to reach a common goal. It is suggested that an expert system is a viable tool for distributed problem solving where each solver has to monitor the state of other solvers and make decisions based on its approximate knowledge about other solvers. The authors illustrate this approach by taking the example of distributed load balancing. They present an expert-system-based architecture for load balancing in distributed systems. The system showed promising results during preliminary analysis. The system currently contains about 20 specialists and promises to be exceptionally robust and easily scalable. It is extremely fault tolerant and can function effectively in a changing environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TGF-β and BMP7 interactions in tumour progression and bone metastasis (2007)

The skeleton is the second most frequent site of metastasis. However, only a restricted number of solid cancers, especially those of the breast and prostate, are responsible for the majority of the bone metastases. Metastatic bone disease is a major cause of morbidity, characterised by severe pain and high incidence of skeletal and haematopoietic complications (fractures, spinal cord compression and bone marrow aplasia) requiring hospitalisation. Despite the frequency of skeletal metastases, the molecular mechanisms for their propensity to colonise bone are poorly understood and treatment options are often unsatisfactory. TGF-beta and the signalling pathway it controls appears to play major roles in the pathogenesis of many carcinomas, both in their early stages, when TGF-beta acts to arrest growth of many cell types, and later in cancer progression when it contributes, paradoxically, to the phenotype of tumour invasiveness. Here we discuss some novel insights of the TGF-beta superfamily-including BMPs and their antagonists-in the formation of bone metastasis. Increasing evidence suggests that the TGF-beta superfamily is involved in bone homing, tumour dormancy, and development of micrometastases into overt bone metastases. The established role of TGF-beta/BMPs and their antagonists in epithelial plasticity during embryonic development closely resembles neoplastic processes at the primary site as well as in (bone) metastasis. For instance, the tumour-stroma interactions occurring in the tissue of cancer origin, including epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT), bear similarities with the role of bone matrix-derived TGF-beta in skeletal metastasis formation.
Optimal Power and Rate Control for Minimal Average Delay: The Single-User Case (2006)

Contemporary wireless systems combine aspects of network theory such as scheduling, throughput, and delay as well as information theory aspects such as capacity, coding, and power control. Design of such systems requires joint optimization of both network and physical layers. In this paper, we analyze a single-user communication system composed of a transmitter preceded by a queue used for retransmissions, Gaussian block-fading channel, and a receiver. The system average delay is optimized by using combined power/rate control under average power constraints. Dynamic programming is used for calculating the optimized policies using numerical analysis as well as analytic analysis for asymptotically large buffer size. Asymptotic results are obtained for all combinations of fixed or variable power and rate controls. The most important result extends the "water-filling" result for systems with average delay constraint
Wave‐equation angle‐based illumination weighting for optimized subsalt imaging (2010)

We design a wave‐equation based demigration‐remigration workflow that computes a measure of uneven seismic illumination effects on angle‐gather amplitudes. We then use the workflow to generate a set of illumination weights, which, when applied to migrated gathers, improves the structural imaging in subsalt areas. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with narrow‐azimuth 3D subsalt examples from Gulf of Mexico.
Distribution in Skin of Ceramide after Oral Administration to Rats (2009)

In this study, the absorption, distribution and excretion of ceramide were examined in rats. After a single oral administration of (3)H-ceramide, mean plasma concentration of radioactivity reached maximum at approximately 10.67 hr and decreased with a T(1/2) of 67.12 hr. The mean cumulative excretion of radioactivity in urine and feces accounted for approximately 4.79% and 87.44%, respectively, of the dose. At 96 hr after dosing, 1.67% and 3.67%, respectively, of the dose were still present in the skin and carcass. The radioactivity in the skin at 12 hr was lower than that in plasma and the ratio of skin to plasma concentration was 0.7. However, at 120 hr after dosing, the ratio of skin to plasma concentration increased to 4. A detailed analysis of the distribution of radioactivity in a section of skin showed that radioactivity was located in the dermis and epidermis. At 168 hr, the radioactivity in the epidermis was 8.0% of the radioactivity in skin. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that some ceramide orally administered is distributed gradually in the dermis after gastrointestinal absorption, followed by transfer from the dermis to the epidermis.
An NMR Study of Shale Wettability and Effective Surface Relaxivity (2012)

Abstract Traditional methods of determining wettability such as the Amott and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) test for an oil/brine/rock system are difficult to apply to shales due to their extremely low permeability, usually in the nanodarcy range. Earlier Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies on Berea sandstone showed consistency with standard wettablity measurements and served as a calibration standard. A total of 10 core plugs from an Ordovician organic rich shale were analyzed. The T2 NMR signature of the imbibed dodecane and brine occurred mostly at relaxation times faster than their measured bulk relaxation of 1 and 3 second, respectively, indicating that surface relaxation is dominant. The Ordovician organic rich shale display mixed wettability. Three of the samples had a high affinity for dodecane, as a result of the organic pores present in the samples. This result was consistent with the NMR spectra in both sequences as well as the gravimetric analysis. The main advantage NMR has over the traditional methods is that we are able to see where the fluids are being imbibed. Mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) characterizes the distribution of pore throats while NMR responds to the pore bodies. Assuming the throats and bodeies are equivalent, a scaling factor was used to match the NMR spectra and the MICP curves to estimate the effective surface relaxivity for the shale samples. The range of the effective surface relaxivities ranged between 0.5μm/sec to 3.1μm/sec with an average of 1.7 ± 1.0 μm/sec. Mineralogy variations were observed across the 10 shale samples but showed a correlation which suggests that the effective surface relaxivity is dependent on mineralogy.
High Coupling Efficiency and High Yield Coaxial-Type Laser Module Packages Using On-Line Monitoring System (2006)

The laser-welded coaxial-type laser module packages using an on-line monitoring system (OLMS) is presented. The OLMS is integrated with an ultra-high precision laser displacement meter (LDM) and a laser welding system that enables to quantitatively on-line process the successive postweld shift (PWS) measurements by the LDM and corrections by the laser welding during multiple welding compensations in laser-welded laser module packages. The results show that the high-yield laser module packages with high coupling efficiency of 86~97 % are obtained
Optimal configuration of OSPF aggregates (2003)

Open shortest path first (OSPF) is a popular protocol for routing within an autonomous system (AS) domain. In this paper, we address the important practical problem of configuring OSPF aggregates to minimize the error in OSPF shortest path computations due to subnet aggregation. We first develop an optimal dynamic programming algorithm that, given an upper bound k on the number of aggregates to be advertised and a weight-assignment function for the aggregates, computes the k aggregates that result in the minimum cumulative error in the shortest path computations for all source-destination subnet pairs. Subsequently, we tackle the problem of assigning weights to OSPF aggregates such that the cumulative error in the computed shortest paths is minimized. We demonstrate that, while for certain special cases (e.g., unweighted cumulative error) efficient optimal algorithms for the weight-assignment problem can be devised, the general problem itself is /spl Nscr//spl Pscr/-hard. Consequently, we have to rely on search heuristics to solve the weight-assignment problem. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to address the algorithmic issues underlying the configuration of OSPF aggregates and to propose efficient configuration algorithms that are provably optimal for many practical scenarios.
High-speed scanning stereoscopic PIV for 3D vorticity measurement in liquids (2004)

journal article
Dolastatin 10 and dolastatin 15: effects of two natural peptides on growth and differentiation of leukemia cells. (1992)

The effects of two natural peptides, dolastatin 10 and dolastatin 15, on growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells were studied using freshly explanted leukemia cells and continuous leukemia cell lines. The proliferation of several myeloid cell lines and of growth-factor-stimulated peripheral blood cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was efficiently inhibited by the two agents at concentrations between 1 and 0.01 nM. Growth inhibition was dose-dependent and reversible. Neither of the dolastatins exhibited significant cytotoxicity on dividing cells, nor did they interfere with the viability of resting cells. The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate or bryostatin I induced differentiation of AML cells was not affected by the dolastatins. Short-term exposure to the phorbol ester conferred reduced sensitivity of the cell line HL-60 to the antiproliferative effect of the drugs. Our data suggest that the dolastatins alone or in combination with other drugs could exert a role in the treatment of human myeloid leukemia.
Application of Comprehensive Method of Fuzzy Mathematics to Decision Analysis of Safety Degree for a Mooring Dolphin (1988)

A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used for analysing the safety degree of the whole construction of the mooring dolphin.
Kinetic Stabilization of Bacillus licheniformis α-Amylase through Introduction of Hydrophobic Residues at the Surface (2003)

It is generally assumed that in proteins hydrophobic residues are not favorable at solvent-exposed sites, and that amino acid substitutions on the surface have little effect on protein thermostability. Contrary to these assumptions, we have identified hyperthermostable variants of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) that result from the incorporation of hydrophobic residues at the surface. Under highly destabilizing conditions, a variant combining five stabilizing mutations unfolds 32 times more slowly and at a temperature 13 degrees C higher than the wild-type. Crystal structure analysis at 1.7 A resolution suggests that stabilization is achieved through (a) extension of the concept of increased hydrophobic packing, usually applied to cavities, to surface indentations, (b) introduction of favorable aromatic-aromatic interactions on the surface, (c) specific stabilization of intrinsic metal binding sites, and (d) stabilization of a beta-sheet by introducing a residue with high beta-sheet forming propensity. All mutated residues are involved in forming complex, cooperative interaction networks that extend from the interior of the protein to its surface and which may therefore constitute "weak points" where BLA unfolding is initiated. This might explain the unexpectedly large effect induced by some of the substitutions on the kinetic stability of BLA. Our study shows that substantial protein stabilization can be achieved by stabilizing surface positions that participate in underlying cooperatively formed substructures. At such positions, even the apparently thermodynamically unfavorable introduction of hydrophobic residues should be explored.