gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single mutation in Chinese hamster ovary cells impairs both Golgi and endosomal functions. (1984)

A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant DTG 1-5-4, was selected for pleiotropic defects in receptor-mediated endocytosis by methods previously described (Robbins, A. R., S. S. Peng, and J. L. Marshall, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 96:1064-1071). DTG 1-5-4 exhibited increased resistance to modeccin, Pseudomonas toxin, diphtheria toxin, Sindbis virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, as well as decreased uptake via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Fluorescein-dextran-labeled endosomes isolated from DTG 1-5-4 were deficient in ATP-dependent acidification in vitro. Endocytosis and endosome acidification were both restored in revertants of DTG 1-5-4 and in hybrids of DTG 1-5-4 with DTF 1-5-1, another endocytosis mutant exhibiting decreased ATP-dependent endosome acidification. Both DTG 1-5-4 and DTF 1-5-1 were blocked at two stages of infection with Sindbis virus: at low multiplicities of infecting virus, resistance reflected a block in viral penetration into the cytoplasm, but at higher multiplicities of infection the block was in virus release. Like endocytosis, release of Sindbis virus was increased in revertants of DTG 1-5-4 and in DTG 1-5-4 X DTF 1-5-1 hybrids. Decreased release of virus from DTG 1-5-4 correlated with defects in some of the Golgi apparatus-associated steps of Sindbis glycoprotein maturation: proteolytic processing of the precursor pE2, galactosylation, and transport to the cell surface all were inhibited. In contrast, mannosylation, fucosylation, and acylation of the Sindbis glycoproteins, and galactosylation of vesicular stomatitis virus and cellular glycoproteins occurred to similar respective extents in mutant and parent. Electron microscopic examination of Sindbis-infected DTG 1-5-4 showed a remarkable accumulation of nucleocapsids bound to cisternae adjacent to the Golgi apparatus; virions were observed in the lumina of some of these cisternae. That the alterations in both endocytosis and Golgi-associated steps of viral maturation result from a single genetic lesion indicates that these processes are dependent on a common biochemical mechanism. We suggest that endocytic and secretory pathways may share a common component involved in ion transport.
Fluxless flip-chip bonding using a lead-free solder bumping technique (2017)

With the LHC exceeding the nominal instantaneous luminosity, the current barrel pixel detector (BPIX) of the CMS experiment at CERN will reach its performance limits and undergo significant radiation damage. In order to improve detector performance in high luminosity conditions, the entire BPIX is replaced with an upgraded version containing an additional detection layer. Half of the modules comprising this additional layer are produced at DESY using fluxless and lead-free bumping and bonding techniques. Sequential solder-jetting technique is utilized to wet 40-μm SAC305 solder spheres on the silicon-sensor pads with electroless Ni, Pd and immersion Au (ENEPIG) under-bump metallization (UBM). The bumped sensors are flip-chip assembled with readout chips (ROCs) and then reflowed using a flux-less bonding facility. The challenges for jetting low solder volume have been analyzed and will be presented in this paper. An average speed of 3.4 balls per second is obtained to jet about 67 thousand solder balls on a single chip. On average, 7 modules have been produced per week. The bump-bond quality is evaluated in terms of electrical and mechanical properties. The peak-bump resistance is about 17.5 mΩ. The cross-section study revealed different types of intermetallic compounds (IMC) as a result of interfacial reactions between UBM and solder material. The effect of crystalline phases on the mechanical properties of the joint is discussed. The mean shear strength per bump after the final module reflow is about 16 cN. The results and sources of yield loss of module production are reported. The achieved yield is 95%.
Polarisation-maintaining single-mode-fibre resonator (1983)

A polarisation-maintaining fibre resonator has been set up. A finesse of 9 and a free spectral range (FSR) of 559 MHz are measured by feeding the resonator by a semiconductor laser.
Identification of a protein methyltransferase as the cheR gene product in the bacterial sensing system. (1977)

Methylation of membrane-bound proteins with apparent molecular weights around 65,000 does not occur in mutants of the generally nonchemotactic cheR class of Salmonella typhimurium. This was shown to be due to the lack of a protein methyltransferase in these mutants by means of an in vitro assay using soluble proteins, membranes, and S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. The methylase from the wild type was purified, characterized, and shown to be of molecular weight 38,000. It is specific for proteins in S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli membranes. The methylase is not required for tumbling but appears to be essential for maintaining the appropriate rate constants and levels of the regulator of the chemotactic response.
Agonists of the <i>Mas</i>-Related Gene (Mrgs) Orphan Receptors as Novel Mediators of Mast Cell-Sensory Nerve Interactions (2008)

IgE-dependent activation of mast cell activation is often associated with symptoms attributed to activation of sensory nerves. Depending on the tissues involved such symptoms include itching, sneezing, irritation, vasodilation, and reflex secretions. In the present study, we hypothesize that sensory neuroactive mediators released from mast cells may include agonists of recently discovered orphan receptors referred to as sensory nerve specific receptors or products of mas related genes. HEK-293 cells expressing MrgC11 receptors and wild-type HEK-293 cells were loaded with the calcium indicator Fura-2. A known stimulant of MrgC11 receptors the RF-amide, neuropeptide FF, evoked a rapid increase in cytosolic calcium in the MrgC11 expressing cells but not in the wild-type HEK-293 cells. IgE-dependent stimulation of either rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells (RBL-2H3 cells) or mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, released a substance(s) that stimulated increases in cytosolic calcium in the MrgC11 expressing cells that far exceeded that seen in control cells. RT-PCR revealed that both mouse mast cells and RBL-2H3 cells express the RF-amide precursor gene proneuropeptide FF (A). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated RF-amide immunoreactivity in mouse skin mast cells in situ and in mast cells isolated from mouse skin. These data support the hypothesis that agonists of certain sensory nerve specific receptors or mas related genes may participate in mast cell sensory nerve interactions.
Photonic Crystal Mikaelian Lenses and Their Potential Use as Transverse Focusing Elements in Microstructured Fibers (2013)

We numerically studied the focusing properties of a special type of graded index photonic crystal media, i.e., the so-called photonic crystal Mikaelian lenses (PCMLs). We considered PCMLs with a varying air hole diameter and with a varying air hole pitch in hexagonal and rectangular lattices, and we compared their frequency response and polarization dependence. Our eventual objective is to design microstructured optical fibers equipped with a PCML in their cladding region adapted to allow for more efficient femtosecond laser grating inscription. Therefore, we have also evaluated the possibility of using such lenses as transverse focusing elements in microstructured optical fibers.
A compact nonlinear-transmission-line-based mm-wave SFCW imaging radar (2014)

This paper presents the results of initial measurements collected using a compact 60 GHz stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) imaging radar based on nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs), and driving a pair of dual-waveguide-fed horn antennas. A range resolution of 2.22 cm is achieved using a bandwidth of over 6.5 GHz, and synthetic focusing is applied to achieve an azimuth resolution of 1 cm with mechanical scanning. The system demonstrates imaging of multiple targets obscured by a large non-metallic interface (cardboard).
Functional correction of adult <i>mdx</i> mouse muscle using gutted adenoviral vectors expressing full-length dystrophin (2002)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Delivery of functionally effective levels of dystrophin to immunocompetent, adult mdx (dystrophin-deficient) mice has been challenging because of the size of the gene, immune responses against viral vectors, and inefficient infection of mature muscle. Here we show that high titer stocks of three different gutted adenoviral vectors carrying full-length, muscle-specific, dystrophin expression cassettes are able to efficiently transduce muscles of 1-yr-old mdx mice. Single i.m. injections of viral vector restored dystrophin production to 25-30% of mouse limb muscle 1 mo after injection. Furthermore, functional tests of virally transduced muscles revealed almost 40% correction of their high susceptibility to contraction-induced injury. Our results show that functional abnormalities of dystrophic muscle can be corrected by delivery of full-length dystrophin to adult, immunocompetent mdx mice, raising the prospects for gene therapy of muscular dystrophies.
A unified hardware/software runtime environment for FPGA-based reconfigurable computers using BORPH (2006)

This paper presents a hw/sw codesign methodology based on BORPH, an operating system designed for FPGA-based reconfigurable computers (RC's). By providing native kernel support for FPGA hardware, BORPH offers a homogeneous UNIX interface for both software and hardware processes. Hardware processes inherit the same level of service from the kernel, such as file system support, as typical UNIX software processes. Hardware and software components of a design therefore run as hardware and software processes within BORPH's run-time environment. The familiar and language independent UNIX kernel interface facilitates easy design reuse and rapid application development. Performance of our current implementation and our experience with developing a real-time wireless digital signal processing system based on BORPH will be presented.
CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF WOOD DRYING MODELS (1993)

The Various models established by many scholar in the near years areclassified and compared between them.
Localized frameshift mutation generates selective, high-frequency phase variation of a surface lipoprotein encoded by a mycoplasma ABC transporter operon (1997)

The wall-less mycoplasmas have revealed unusual microbial strategies for adaptive variation of antigenic membrane proteins exposed during their surface colonization of host cells. In particular, high-frequency mutations affecting the expression of selected surface lipoproteins have been increasingly documented for this group of organisms. A novel manifestation of mutational phase variation is shown here to occur in Mycoplasma fermentans, a chronic human infectious agent and possible AIDS-associated pathogen. A putative ABC type transport operon encoding four gene products is identified. The 3' distal gene encoding P78, a known surface-exposed antigen and the proposed substrate-binding lipoprotein of the transporter, is subject to localized hypermutation in a short homopolymeric tract of adenine residues located in the N-terminal coding region of the mature product. High-frequency, reversible insertion/deletion frameshift mutations lead to selective phase variation in P78 expression, whereas the putative nucleotide-binding protein, P63, encoded by the most 5' gene of the operon, is continually expressed. Mutation-based phase variation in specific surface-exposed microbial transporter components may provide an adaptive advantage for immune evasion, while continued expression of other elements of the same transporter may preserve essential metabolic functions and confer alternative substrate specificity. These features could be critical in mycoplasmas, where limitations in both transcriptional regulators and transport systems may prevail. This study also documents that P63 contains an uncharacteristic hydrophobic sequence between predicted nucleotide binding motifs and displays an amphiphilic character in detergent fractionation. Both features are consistent with an evolutionary adaptation favoring integral association of this putative energy-transducing component with the single mycoplasma membrane.
Cell Walls and the Developmental Anatomy of the Brachypodium distachyon Stem Internode (2013)

While many aspects of plant cell wall polymer structure are known, their spatial and temporal distribution within the stem are not well understood. Here, we studied vascular system and fiber development, which has implication for both biofuel feedstock conversion efficiency and crop yield. The subject of this study, Brachypodium distachyon, has emerged as a grass model for food and energy crop research. Here, we conducted our investigation using B. distachyon by applying various histological approaches and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to the stem internode from three key developmental stages. While vascular bundle size and number did not change over time, the size of the interfascicular region increased dramatically, as did cell wall thickness. We also describe internal stem internode anatomy and demonstrate that lignin deposition continues after crystalline cellulose and xylan accumulation ceases. The vascular bundle anatomy of B. distachyon appears to be highly similar to domesticated grasses. While the arrangement of bundles within the stem is highly variable across grasses, B. distachyon appears to be a suitable model for the rind of large C4 grass crops. A better understanding of growth and various anatomical and cell wall features of B. distachyon will further our understanding of plant biomass accumulation processes.
A rapid communication from the AAPM Task Group 201: Recommendations for the QA of external beam radiotherapy data transfer. AAPM TG 201: Quality assurance of external beam radiotherapy data transfer (2010)

The transfer of radiation therapy data among the various subsystems required for external beam treatments is subject to error. Hence, the establishment and management of a data transfer quality assurance program is strongly recommended. It should cover the QA of data transfers of patient specific treatments, imaging data, manually handled data and historical treatment records. QA of the database state (logical consistency and information integrity) is also addressed to ensure that accurate data are transferred.
40-km range, 1-m resolution measurement based on phase-noise-compensated coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (2008)

We present 40-km range, 1-m spatial resolution and highly sensitive measurement based on phase-noise-compensated OFDR that employs a concatenative reference method.
Thermomagnetically Induced Nucleation and Growth of Domains in GdTbFeCo (1989)

The nucleation and growth kinetics of magnetic domains below Curie temperature during thermomagnetic recording in a typical compensation point writing material, GdTbFeCo, were investigated with a dynamic tester using both pulsed and cw laser beams. Nucleation of domain is shown to be more difficult than growth. Furthermore, both nucleation and growth of domains are rather nonuniform. The implications of these observations are discussed.
Acidic fibroblast growth factor enhances regeneration of processes by postnatal mammalian retinal ganglion cells in culture. (1988)

Postnatal rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were identified with specific fluorescent labels and placed in culture. Under these conditions, the outgrowth of processes by RGCs was found to be promoted to a far greater degree by acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) than by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The effect of aFGF and bFGF on process extension by solitary RGCs was quantified after 24 hr in culture, a time when neither a FGF nor bFGF enhanced RGC survival. The action of aFGF on process outgrowth was markedly potentiated by the addition of heparin (10 micrograms/ml) to the medium, but heparin alone had no effect. In the presence of heparin, half-maximal process outgrowth occurred at an aFGF concentration of less than 20 pg/ml (1 pM). Since all of the centrally projecting processes have already been formed in the living animal prior to use (at 7-12 days of age), at least a portion of the process outgrowth in culture appears to represent a regenerative phenomenon. Statistical analysis of the increase in process growth revealed that aFGF with heparin contributed to both neurite initiation and elongation. The mean number of glial cells, identified with polyclonal antiserum against glial fibrillary acidic protein, was slightly increased in cultures receiving aFGF plus heparin, but this effect was variable, and these glial cells were not in contact with the solitary RGCs that were scored for regeneration of processes. Thus, glial cells probably did not exert a direct physical influence on the degree of process outgrowth observed in the solitary RGCs, although a humoral effect cannot be totally excluded. These results suggest that aFGF has a potent influence on the outgrowth of processes by a neuron in the mammalian central nervous system. The potentiation of this effect by heparin leads us to speculate that the interaction of aFGF with a heparin-like molecule located in the extracellular matrix (such as heparan sulfate proteoglycan) may produce physiological effects in vivo. Furthermore, the lack of a substantial effect of bFGF in this system under these conditions shows that a specific population of mammalian central neurons may be differentially influenced by these two closely related peptide growth factors.
A 155-MHz clock recovery delay- and phase-locked loop (1992)

The authors describe a completely monolithic delay-locked loop (DLL) that may be used either by itself as a deskewing element, or in conjunction with an external voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO) to form a delay- and phase-locked loop (D/PLL). By phase shifting the input data rather than the clock, the DLL and D/PLL provide jitter-peaking-free clock recovery. Additionally, the jitter transfer function of the D/PLL has a low bandwidth for good jitter filtering without compromising acquisition speed. The D/PLL described here exhibits less than 1 degrees r.m.s. jitter on the recovered clock, independent of the input data density. No jitter peaking is observed over the 40-kHz jitter bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of sodium valproate in three patients with organic brain syndromes (1988)

Three patients with organic and affective symptoms related to multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus erythematosus responded dramatically to sodium valproate after other treatments had failed.
Reduced-state sequence estimation for trellis-coded modulation on intersymbol interference channels (2003)

The authors consider the detection of trellis codes designed for ideal channels when they operate in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI). A well-structured reduced-state sequence-estimation (RSSE) algorithm is described which can achieve the performance of maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) at drastically reduced complexity. The authors start by constructing proper reduced-state trellises by merging the states of the ML supertrellis using set-partitioning principles. Then the Viterbi algorithm (VA) searches these trellises using a modified ML metric. The authors examine the performance and complexity of RSSE and compare it to that of MLSE and DFE (decision-feedback equalization). They also discuss the application of RSSE to higher dimensional trellis codes and to trellis coding with interleaving.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cell Culture Propagation of Porcine Rotavirus (Reovirus-like Agent) (1977)

Two isolates of porcine rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) were isolated and passaged in primary procine kidney cell cultures. Viral infectivity for cells was monitored by immunofluorescence because viral cytopathic effect was moderate. Successful passage of virus in cell culture required that viral suspensions obtained from infected cell cultures be treated with pancreatin prior to inoculation onto cell monolayers. Porcine rotavirus passage in cell culture also was accomplished, using trypsin treatments in lieu of pancreatin treatments. Porcine rotavirus passaged 10 times in cell culture infected gnotobiotic pigs and caused diarrhea. Gnotobiotic pigs that recovered from this infection were resistant to challenge exposure with porcine rotavirus but were susceptible to challenge exposure with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. As determined by immunofluorescent cross reactions, porcine rotavirus was found to be antigenically related to the human and bovine rotaviruses but not to reovirus type 3 or to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.
Improved Mass Spectrometer Ion Source for the Analysis of Solids (1954)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. D. Louw, J. W. L. De Villiers; Improved Mass Spectrometer Ion Source for the Analysis of Solids. Rev Sci Instrum 1 December 1954; 25 (12): 1226–1227. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1770999 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Interleukin-4/interleukin-13 versus interleukin-5: a comparison of molecular targets in biologic therapy for the treatment of severe asthma (2018)

As monoclonal antibodies targeting either IL-4 or IL-13 cytokines individually have failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefits, biologics that target cytokine receptors may be more efficacious compared to those that target cytokines. Furthermore, inhibition of the IL-4/IL-13 signaling cascades may disrupt a broader Th2 inflammatory response compared to a more selective impairment of eosinophil proliferation and activity via blockage of the IL-5 pathway. Future research with independently funded, head-to-head trials of approved biologics is needed to elucidate a favorable therapeutic option.