gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ticks1 of Eastern Long Island: Notes on Host Relations and Seasonal Distribution (1973)

Ticks were collected at the eastern tip of Long Island from May through October 1971 on 11 mammal and 8 bird host species and by dragging. A total of 3845 ticks of 6 species were taken. Tabulations showing host relations and seasonal distribution are given. Amblyomma americanum (L.) was found to be established in one area. Norway rats appeared to be favorite hosts for larvae and nymphs of Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Heavy infestations of Ixodes muris Bishopp & Smith were found on white-footed mice and on a muskrat. This species also was found on 8 species of birds, including lst-time records on 5 bird species. Adults of Ixodes scapularis Say were prevalent in October and it is concluded that this is a fall-spring species.
Laser cooling below a photon recoil with three-level atoms (1992)

We demonstrate a new cooling technique which is used to cool sodium atoms in one dimension to an effective temperature of 100 nK, less than 1/10 of the single photon recoil temperature ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{rec}}$=(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k${)}^{2}$/2M.
Spanning tree algorithm for spare network capacity (2002)

Restorability algorithms need to produce a good logical structure that does not introduce delay and congestion problems. This work uses pre-configuration for a detailed examination of the network and proposes a tree as the logical topology. The algorithm produces a spanning tree from a WDM mesh network that allows for good restorability while assuring a structure with short routing paths. The shortest path method with cost on the links inversely proportional to the spare capacity is used to find maximum capacity paths between the nodes. Preliminary results show that varying the definition of the cost on the links for the shortest path analysis achieves different tradeoffs in network restorability vs. average path length. In some cases the restorability approaches optimum (for a tree structure), while using minimum spare capacity.
Role of the Immune System in Mediating the Antitumor Effect of Benzophenothiazine Photodynamic Therapy (1999)

Abstract— The role of the host immune system in contributing to tumor regression following benzophenothiazine photodynamic therapy (PDT) was examined. Photodynamic therapy with 2-iodo-5-ethylamino-9-diethylaminobenzo[a]-phenothiazinium chloride (2I-EtNBS) eradicated EMT-6 mammary fibrosarcomas in 75–100% of treated mice. In contrast, PDT failed to inhibit tumor growth in T-cell-deficient nude mice. Furthermore, T-cell depletion studies with anti-CD8 antibody revealed that the CD8+ T-cell population was critical for an effective PDT response (tumor volume 14 days post-PDT: 262 mm3vs 59 mm3 in controls; P < 0.01). Because anti-CD4 antibody inhibited tumor growth in the absence of PDT, the role of CD4+ T cells remains unclear. Depletion of natural killer (NK) cells in vivo with anti-asialo-GM1 antibody significantly reduced a suboptimal PDT effect relative to vehicle controls (tumor volume 13 days post-PDT: 513 mm3vs 85 mm3 respectively; P < 0.001). However, splenic NK cells obtained from PDT-treated tumor-bearing mice were not cytotoxic in vitro against EMT-6 cells, suggesting that NK cells contribute to the PDT effect in vivo by an indirect mechanism. In addition, when mice with complete tumor regression following PDT were rechallenged 28 days later with 5 × 105 EMT-6 cells, tumor growth was signficantly inhibited as compared to controls (tumor volume 40 days postrechallenge: 137 mm3vs 833 mm3 in controls; P < 0.03; percent animals without tumor in five experiments: 67%vs 8% in controls). Collectively, these results demonstrate that CD8+ T cells are required to prevent tumor regrowth after 2I-EtNBSPDT, NK cells contribute to this response and such PDT can elicit protective antitumor immunity.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting Groups in Solid‐Phase Organic Synthesis (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HDL metabolism and its role in lipid transport (1990)

High density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an essential role in plasma lipid transport. It provides a reservoir of C apolipoproteins, which are required for the metabolism of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and acts as a scavenger of surplus unesterified cholesterol from these lipoproteins. HDL is also the major vehicle for the transport of cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver for excretion and catabolism. This process, known as reverse cholesterol transport, occurs in three stages: extravascular, intravascular, and intrahepatic. In the extravascular phase, unesterified cholesterol is removed from cell membranes by small apoprotein (apo) A-I-containing particles in interstitial fluid. This may be facilitated by binding of the particles to cell surface receptors that recognize apo A-I. After entry into the blood via peripheral lymph, cholesterol in these and other HDL particles is esterified by the associated enzyme, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. Some of the cholesteryl esters that are formed are transferred to chylomicrons and VLDL by a transfer protein. Others are incorporated into the core of HDL particles, which then increase in size and decrease in density. Ultimately these HDL particles associate with apo E, which is synthesized and secreted by some peripheral tissues at a rate regulated by their cell cholesterol content. Removal of cholesteryl esters from the circulation occurs in the liver by receptor-mediated uptake of HDL--with apo E, chylomicron remnants, VLDL remnants, and low density lipoprotein--and by direct transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL particles into liver cells. Cholesterol is eliminated by hepatocytes by secretion into the bile, and by conversion to primary bile ducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
μI/O architecture for 0.13-μm wide-voltage-range system-on-a-package (SoP) designs (2003)

To provide low-cost system solutions together with a 0.13-/spl mu/m dual-t/sub ox/ CMOS and multi-chip package (MCP) technologies, a new, so-called /spl mu/I/O architecture was developed. The /spl mu/I/O provides a common interface throughout the module and, thus, enables high design reusability and hierarchical I/O design for MCPs. The /spl mu/I/O includes a signal-level converter for integrating wide-voltage-range (0.75-1.3 or 1.5-3.6 V) circuit blocks, and a signal wall function for turning off each block independently - without invalid signal transmission - by using an internal power switch.
Teratogenic assessment of four solvents using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay—<i>xenopus</i> (FETAX) (1992)

The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay--Xenopus (FETAX) was used to assess the teratogenic potential of four solvents. Embryos of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, were exposed for 96 h to ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formamide or glycerol formal. Exposure groups were maintained using a static renewal system in which the exposure media were changed at 24-h intervals. Survival was monitored at 24-h intervals. Length, as an indicator of growth effects, and developmental malformations were determined at the end of the assay (96 h). Using this information, the 96-h LC50, the 96-h EC50 (Malformation), and the no observable effect levels (NOELs) for mortality, malformation and length were determined for each solvent. The teratogenic index [TI = 96-h LC50/96-h EC50 (Malformation)] also was calculated for each of the solvents. DMSO appeared to be the least toxic or teratogenic solvent examined, with a pooled LC50 of 1.92%, a pooled EC50 (Malformation) of 1.57% and TI values of 1.20 and 1.24 in replicate trials. Formamide appeared to be the most toxic solvent, with a pooled LC50 of 1.04%. Data trends suggested that ethanol was the most teratogenic solvent tested, with a pooled EC50 (Malformation) of 1.04% and TI values of 1.42 and 1.50. The results obtained in the present work for ethanol and DMSO were compared to previously published FETAX results for these two solvents. The present results are in close agreement with these results from other laboratories, thus providing further evidence supporting the interlaboratory reproducibility of FETAX results.
Research and Application of Microbial Flocculants in Sewage Treatment and Sludge Dewatering (2009)

Microbial flocculants is a kind of metabolic products with flocculating activity being produced by microbes and secreted outside of cells, which is provided with characteristics as well as high-performance, non-toxic, no secondary pollution, being widely applied in the field of water treatment. Through summarizing the relevant domestic and overseas research literatures published in the recent years, this paper has made a summarization and conclusion on the types, characteristics, flocculation mechanism of microbial flocculants and its application in sewage treatment and sludge dewatering in details, and pointed out the problems existed in the research of microbial flocculants and proposed an expectation on the development trend in the future.
A hybrid green light-emitting diode comprised of n-ZnO/(InGaN/GaN) multi-quantum-wells/p-GaN (2008)

Hybrid green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) comprised of n-ZnO/(InGaN/GaN) multi-quantum-wells/p-GaN were grown on semi-insulating AlN/sapphire using pulsed laser deposition for the n-ZnO and metal organic chemical vapor deposition for the other layers. X-ray diffraction revealed that high crystallographic quality was preserved after the n-ZnO growth. LEDs showed a turn-on voltage of 2.5 V and a room temperature electroluminescence (EL) centered at 510 nm. A blueshift and narrowing of the EL peak with increasing current was attributed to bandgap renormalization. The results indicate that hybrid LED structures could hold the prospect for the development of green LEDs with superior performance.
Assessing image quality in effective Poisson's ratio elastography and poroelastography: I (2007)

Poroelastography is a novel elastographic technique for imaging the time variation of the mechanical behaviour of poroelastic materials. Poroelastograms are generated as a series of time-sequenced effective Poisson's ratio (EPR) elastograms, obtained from the imaged material under sustained compression. In the companion report (Righetti et al 2007 Phys. Med. Biol. 52 1303), we investigated image quality of EPR elastography starting from a theoretical analysis of the performance limitations of axial strain elastography and lateral strain elastography. In this report, we extend this analysis to poroelastography. The theoretical analysis reported in these two companion papers allows understanding the performance limitations of these novel techniques and identifying the fundamental parameters that control their signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio and resolution. The results of these studies also indicate that EPR elastograms and poroelastograms of reasonable image quality can be generated in practical applications that may be of clinical interest provided that advanced elastographic techniques in combination with other commonly employed imaging methods to increase signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios are used.
Fine-pitch backside via-last TSV process with optimization on temporary glue and bonding conditions (2013)

Fine-pitch backside via last through silicon via (TSV) process flow is demonstrated as a qualified candidate to be used in the construction of 3D-IC structure. Glue and its bonding conditions are critical to the final yield of the process. Different glues and temporary bonding conditions are investigated to find out the optimized stable process flow. Different daisy chain lengths are used to evaluate the maturity of the backside via last TSV process.
Turning personal calendars into scheduling assistants (2012)

Personal calendars have long played a major role in time management, but they have evolved little over the years, and their contribution to productivity has stagnated. Inspired by logical theories of intention as well as experimental results on human productivity, and leveraging the power of optimization algorithms, we seek to reinvent the digital calendar. First, we increase the expressive power of calendar systems by deriving new entity types that go beyond simple events to better represent human intentions, plans, and goals. Next, we build on social psychological research to characterize the properties of a schedule best engineered for human productivity. Finally, we develop an optimization framework and algorithm to generate these schedules from a set of entities. With these tools combined, we transform the digital calendar from a passive repository into an active scheduling assistant.
Chemistry of Alkali Metal-unsaturated Hydrocarbon Adducts. III. Cleavage Reactions by Lithium-Biphenyl Solutions in Tetrahydrofuran (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Alkali Metal-unsaturated Hydrocarbon Adducts. III. Cleavage Reactions by Lithium-Biphenyl Solutions in TetrahydrofuranJohn J. EischCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 3, 707–710Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01038a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01038a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antithymocyte Globulin for a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated by Severe Pancytopenia (1997)

The clinical use of antithymocyte globulin is rarely reported in patients with rheumatic diseases. We describe the use of this agent in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who concomitantly developed severe pancytopenia. High-dose methylprednisolone therapy had been unsuccessful in controlling either the disease exacerbation or the pancytopenia. Antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A were therefore administered to achieve immunosuppression. The exacerbation of disease activity was gradually lessened, except for persistent thrombocytopenia and anaemia. Severe and persistent immunosuppression, however, led to a fatal brain abscess. The combined use of both antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A induced potent immunosuppression, and should be confined to selected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and administered under detailed monitoring.
Hollow metallic waveguides in silicon V-grooves (1993)

Hollow waveguides with metal walls in silicon v-grooves have been fabricated. The propagation of light at wavelengths of 633 nm, 780 nm, 980 nm, and 1310 nm has been studied. It has been found that the intensity decays according to an inverse linear law rather than an exponential law. The equivalent losses in dB/cm are in the range of 1 to 6 over a distance of 1.5 cm. Numerical simulations that include a realistic index of refraction for the metal walls have been carried out, and the inverse linear intensity law is verified for Gaussian beams. Polarization effects due to the triangular geometry are also observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Multidrug Resistance Protein Is Photoaffinity Labeled by a Quinoline-Based Drug at Multiple Sites (2000)

Tumor cells overcome cytotoxic drug pressure by the overexpression of either or both transmembrane proteins, the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the multidrug resistance protein (MRP). The MRP has been shown to mediate the transport of cytotoxic natural products, in addition to glutathione-, glucuronidate-, and sulfate-conjugated cell metabolites. However, the mechanism of MRP drug binding and transport is at present not clear. In this study, we have used a photoreactive quinoline-based drug, N-(hydrocinchonidin-8'-yl)-4-azido-2-hydroxybenzamide (IACI), to show the photoaffinity labeling of the 190 kDa protein in membranes from the drug resistant SCLC H69/AR cells. The photoaffinity labeling of the 190 kDa protein by IACI was saturable and specific. The identity of the IACI-photolabeled protein as the MRP was confirmed by immunoprecipitation with the monoclonal antibody QCRL-1. Furthermore, a molar excess of leukotriene C(4), doxorubicin, colchicine, and other quinoline-based drugs, including MK571, inhibited the photoaffinity labeling of the MRP. Drug transport studies showed lower IACI accumulation in MRP-expressing cells which was reversed by depleting ATP levels in H69/AR cells. Mild digestion of the purified IACI-photolabeled MRP with trypsin showed two large polypeptides ( approximately 111 and approximately 85 kDa). The 85 kDa polypeptide which contains the QCRL-1 and MRPm6 monoclonal antibody epitopes corresponds to the C-terminal half of the MRP (amino acids approximately 900-1531) containing the third multiple spanning domain (MSD3) and the second nucleotide binding site. The 111 kDa polypeptide which contains the epitope sequence of the MRPr1 monoclonal antibody encodes the remainder of the MRP sequence (amino acids 1-900) containing the MSD1 and MSD2 plus the first nucleotide binding domain. Cleveland maps of purified IACI-labeled 85 and 111 kDa polypeptides revealed 6 kDa and approximately 6 plus 4 kDa photolabeled peptides, respectively. In addition, resolution of the exhaustively digested IACI-photolabeled MRP by HPLC showed two major and one minor radiolabeled peaks that eluted late in the gradient (60 to 72% acetonitrile). Taken together, the results of this study show direct binding of IACI to the MRP at physiologically relevant sites. Moreover, IACI photolabels three small peptides which localize to the N- and C-halves of the MRP. Finally, IACI provides a sensitive and specific probe for studying MRP-drug interactions.
Host Access Protocol (HAP) specification: Version 2 (1991)

Terrestrial Wideband Network (TWBNET). It obsoletes most but not all of RFC 907. This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Preface This memo specifies the Host Access Protocol (HAP). HAP is a Network layer (OSI Layer 3 lower) access protocol that was first implemented about a decade ago for the DARPA/DCA sponsored Wideband Packet Satellite Network (WBNET), the precursor of the current Terrestrial Wideband Network (TWBNET). This version of the specification obsoletes references [1] and [2] in addition to most of RFC 907. HAP is a developmental protocol, and will be revised as new capabilities are added and unused features are eliminated or revised. One reason that HAP is being revised now is that, unlike the original WBNET’s satellite channel, the TWBNET’s T1 fiber links are not a
Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of NIDDM in Men (1997)

These findings support the hypothesis that diets with a high glycemic load and a low cereal fiber content increase risk of NIDDM in men. Further, they suggest that grains should be consumed in a minimally refined form to reduce the incidence of NIDDM.
Osteoprotegerin Inactivation Accelerates Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression and Calcification in Older ApoE <sup>−/−</sup> Mice (2006)

OPG inhibits advanced plaque progression by preventing an increase in lesion size and lesion calcification. OPG may act as a survival factor and may modulate MMP9 production in vascular cells.
Requirements for Efficient Production and Transduction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Based Vectors (1999)

A number of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)-based vectors have recently been shown to transduce nondividing cells in vivo as well as in vitro. However, if these vectors are to be considered for eventual clinical use, a major consideration is to reduce the probability of unintended generation of replication-competent virus. This can be achieved by eliminating viral genetic elements involved in the generation of replication-competent virus without impairing vector production. We have designed a system to transiently produce HIV-1-based vectors by using expression plasmids encoding Gag, Pol, and Tat of HIV-1 under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter. Our data show that the best vector yield is achieved in the presence of the Rev/Rev-responsive element (RRE) system. However, the constitutive transport element of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus can substitute for RRE and Rev at least to some extent, whereas the posttranscriptional regulatory element of human hepatitis B virus appeared to be inefficient. In addition, we show that high-titer virus preparations can be obtained in the presence of sodium butyrate, which activates the expression of both the packaging construct and the vector genome. Finally, our results suggest that efficient infectivity of vectors defective in the accessory proteins Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef depends on the nature of the target cells.
Budding Trees (2014)

We propose a new decision tree model, named the budding tree, where a node can be both a leaf and an internal decision node. Each bud node starts as a leaf node, can then grow children, but then later on, if necessary, its children can be pruned. This contrasts with traditional tree construction algorithms that only grows the tree during the training phase, and prunes it in a separate pruning phase. We use a soft tree architecture and show that the tree and its parameters can be trained using gradient-descent. Our experimental results on regression, binary classification, and multi-class classification data sets indicate that our newly proposed model has better performance than traditional trees in terms of accuracy while inducing trees of comparable size.