gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[2]Diadamantane, the first member of a new class of diamondoid hydrocarbons (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT[2]Diadamantane, the first member of a new class of diamondoid hydrocarbonsW. David. Graham, Paul v. R. Schleyer, Edward W. Hagaman, and Ernest. WenkertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 17, 5785–5786Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00798a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00798a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparing the Outputs of Five Weed Risk Assessment Models Implemented in Australia: Are There Consistencies across Models? (2011)

Weed Risk Assessment models are increasingly used as decision support tools to prioritize weed species for management. Several models are implemented in Australia, but have not previously been compared for consistency of outputs. This study aims to determine if the outputs of four post-border models are comparable with each other and with the predictive outputs of a Border model. Each post-border model determines weed risk by combining three assessment criteria: Invasiveness, Impacts and Distribution. A common set of 24 species were assessed for weed risk to natural ecosystems through four post-border weed risk assessment models and the Australian Border model. Test species were ranked from highest to lowest weed risk to enable a comparison of model outputs. Pearson's correlation co-efficient and the co-efficient of variation were calculated for all outputs. Significant positive correlations were observed between the overall outputs of the post-border models. When compared individually, the outputs from the Invasiveness and Impacts criteria also showed significant positive correlations. The distribution criterion was a source of great variability in outputs, producing negative correlations. Outputs from the post-border models also showed significant positive correlations with those from the Border model. The area in greatest need of further development is determining the potential distribution of a species.
Reliability of Measurements Obtained With a Modified Functional Reach Test in Subjects With Spinal Cord Injury (1998)

Test-retest reliability was high with modification of the FRT with a single rater. The measurements reflected differences among levels of lesion. Further study is needed to determine normal values for all levels of lesion, relationships to functional outcomes, and effects of equipment on sitting balance. The modified FRT appears to provide reliable measurements of sitting balance in nonstanding persons with spinal cord injuries.
What is a Graph? (1972)

Summary In the past few years, the subject of graph theory (or network analysis) has come very much to the fore, not only as an important mathematical discipline in its own right, but also as a useful mathematical tool in a wide variety of subjects, ranging from organic chemistry and probability, through operational research and geography, to sociology and linguistics. In this article, we shall present some simple applications of graph theory, chosen in such a way as to be as elementary but as varied as possible. The reader who is interested in pursuing the subject further should consult Reference 1; for a lengthy account of some further applications of graph theory, see Chapter six of Reference 2.
Fungi associated with purple loosestrife (<i>Lythrum salicaria</i>) in Minnesota (1995)

Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, is a major weed of wetlands throughout North America. In many sites it has established a monoculture that excludes native plants useful to wildlife. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of fungi pathogenic to purple loosestrife that will either control or aid in controlling the plant. In a 3-year study, fungi were isolated from purple loosestrife plants at 16 sites throughout Minnesota. A total of 5265 fungal isolates were obtained. Thirty-one fungal taxa identified to 22 genera were isolated from purple loosestrife that had not previously been reported as either associated with or isolated from purple loosestrife in the United States. Fungi will be selected from among these isolates and tested for pathogenicity to purple loosestrife.
Spectral Properties of Rare Earth Oxide Phosphors (1964)

A study of rare earth oxide phosphors activated by rare earths revealed that fluorescence occurs only in those matrices where the cation possesses no unpaired electrons. The fluorescent intensities of the rare earth activators were divided into three categories, strong, medium, and weak, each having a characteristic excitation spectrum.
Diastereoselective<i>ortho</i>-Metalation of a Chiral Ferrocenylphosphonic Diamide and Its Organotin Derivatives (2013)

The syntheses of the enantiopure ferrocenylphosphonic diamide (3aR,7aR)-2-ferrocenyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphole 2-oxide ((R,R)-FcP(O)(DMCDA), (R,R)-1) and its enantiomer (S,S)-FcP(O)(DMCDA) ((S,S)-1) are reported. Their ortho lithiation and subsequent treatment with Ph3SnCl selectively provided the corresponding tetraorganotin derivatives FcP(O)(DMCDA)SnPh3 ((R,R,RP)-2 and (S,S,SP)-2) in a diastereoselective ratio of 88:12. The absolute configuration of the major diastereomer was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. DFT calculations revealed that kinetic effects of the lithiation step cause the high diastereoselectivity of the formation of (R,R,RP)-2. Further functionalization of (R,R,RP)-2 with elemental iodine gave the enantiopure organotin iodide derivatives FcP(O)(DMCDA)SnInPh3–n ((R,R,RP)-3:, n = 1; (R,R,RP)-4, n = 2, (R,R,RP)-5, n = 3). The triorganotin fluoride FcP(O)(DMCDA)SnFPh2 ((R,R,RP)-6) was obtained by the reaction of (R,R,RP)-3 in dichloromethane with aqueous KF solution. The reaction of the compound (R,R,RP)-3 with silver triflate gave the R,R,RP-configurated triorganotin triflate FcP(O)(DMCDA)SnPh2(OTf) (7), which exists as a contact ion pair in the solid state and shows dynamic behavior in solution. The reaction of 7 with Ph3PO afforded the corresponding organotin salt [FcP(O)(DMCDA)SnPh2(OPPh3)][OTf] ((R,R,RP)-8).
Reliable framework architecture for multi-agent systems interaction (2003)

Multi-agent systems (AMS) are developed using a variety of architectures. These range from peer-to-peer to blackboard-like communication, from insecure distributed systems to complex security schemes, from those MAS using databases to those using knowledge based information systems. Although a system's architecture often has to be designed according to its specific application domain, we present a reliable MAS architecture suitable for most purposes in the e-business domain. This framework combines the distributed nature of a multi-agent system with the security and encryption facilities provided by Web servers, separating data from knowledge and encouraging the use of distributed data structures in a concurrent, scalable, transaction-safe and remote-event generator. Notes on agent reputation assessment are also included. We also endow our agents with learning capabilities for two different aspects: reinforcement learning for bidding and a concept learning technique for building user profiles. Reinforcement learning allows for agent adaptive bidding whereas concept learning is of key importance to agent service bundling. The main features of the proposed architecture are agent communication through a common area, remote user access through servlets with authentication and encryption, data/knowledge separation and agent reputation assessment using customer satisfaction values. The functionality of all the proposed multi-agent system features is illustrated through an agent-based travel services application (MASTAS).
Rab5 modulates aggregation and toxicity of mutant huntingtin through macroautophagy in cell and fly models of Huntington disease (2008)

Huntington disease (HD) is caused by a polyglutamine-expansion mutation in huntingtin (HTT) that makes the protein toxic and aggregate-prone. The subcellular localisation of huntingtin and many of its interactors suggest a role in endocytosis, and recently it has been shown that huntingtin interacts indirectly with the early endosomal protein Rab5 through HAP40. Here we show that Rab5 inhibition enhanced polyglutamine toxicity, whereas Rab5 overexpression attenuated toxicity in our cell and fly models of HD. We tried to identify a mechanism for the Rab5 effects in our HD model systems, and our data suggest that Rab5 acts at an early stage of autophagosome formation in a macromolecular complex that contains beclin 1 (BECN1) and Vps34. Interestingly chemical or genetic inhibition of endocytosis also impeded macroautophagy, and enhanced aggregation and toxicity of mutant huntingtin. However, in contrast to Rab5, inhibition of endocytosis by various means suppressed autophagosome-lysosome fusion (the final step in the macroautophagy pathway) similar to bafilomycin A1. Thus, Rab5, which has previously been thought to be exclusively involved in endocytosis, has a new role in macroautophagy. We have previously shown that macroautophagy is an important clearance route for several aggregate-prone proteins including mutant huntingtin. Thus, better understanding of Rab5-regulated autophagy might lead to rational therapeutic targets for HD and other protein-conformation diseases.
Using a Cell-to-ECG model to evaluate ischemia detection from different lead sets (2007)

In this study, we designed a Cell-to-ECG forward model to simulate ischemia condition from cell level, and then defined five different ischemia locations including inferior, anterior, septal, lateral, and apex on an actual 3-D heart geometry from CT images. For simulating the early ischemia, the ion channels are adjusted through concentration and conductance. The extent of ischemia is defined with a ten-layer model from endocardial to epicardial. The model can generate ECG signal from any position on the torso, therefore different lead sets can be configured based on the selected subset from the torso. All reduced lead sets are converted to 12-lead ECGs by published conversion matrixes. The criteria of acute ischemia detection are based on AHA/ACC recommendation of 2 contiguous leads 200 uV ST elevation for chest leads, and 100 uV ST elevation for limb leads. The model reveals the consistent ECG pattern with the accepted criteria, especially the reciprocal ST changes from the simulated transmural ischemia cases. The reduced lead sets show comparable detection accuracy and sensitivity to the standard 12-lead for most ischemia locations except for anterior MI, where more specific criteria can adapt to the changes of the ECG morphology from reduced lead sets.
Enrichment of limited training sets in machine-learning-based analog/RF test (2009)

This paper discusses the generation of information-rich, arbitrarily-large synthetic data sets which can be used to (a) efficiently learn tests that correlate a set of low-cost measurements to a set of device performances and (b) grade such tests with parts per million (PPM) accuracy. This is achieved by sampling a non-parametric estimate of the joint probability density function of measurements and performances. Our case study is an ultra-high frequency receiver front-end and the focus of the paper is to learn the mapping between a low-cost test measurement pattern and a single pass/fail test decision which reflects compliance to all performances. The small fraction of devices for which such a test decision is prone to error are identified and retested through standard specification-based test. The mapping can be set to explore thoroughly the tradeoff between test escapes, yield loss, and percentage of retested devices.
Real-Time Traffic Pattern Collection and Analysis Model for Intelligent Traffic Intersection (2018)

The traffic congestion hits most big cities in the world - threatening long delays and serious reductions in air quality. City and local government officials continue to face challenges in optimizing crowd flow, synchronizing traffic and mitigating threats or dangerous situations. One of the major challenges faced by city planners and traffic engineers is developing a robust traffic controller that eliminates traffic congestion and imbalanced traffic flow at intersections. Ensuring that traffic moves smoothly and minimizing the waiting time in intersections requires automated vehicle detection techniques for controlling the traffic light automatically, which are still challenging problems. In this paper, we propose an intelligent traffic pattern collection and analysis model, named TPCAM, based on traffic cameras to help in smooth vehicular movement on junctions and set to reduce the traffic congestion. Our traffic detection and pattern analysis model aims at detecting and calculating the traffic flux of vehicles and pedestrians at intersections in real-time. Our system can utilize one camera to capture all the traffic flows in one intersection instead of multiple cameras, which will reduce the infrastructure requirement and potential for easy deployment. We propose a new deep learning model based on YOLOv2 and adapt the model for the traffic detection scenarios. To reduce the network burdens and eliminate the deployment of network backbone at the intersections, we propose to process the traffic video data at the network edge without transmitting the big data back to the cloud. To improve the processing frame rate at the edge, we further propose deep object tracking algorithm leveraging adaptive multi-modal models and make it robust to object occlusions and varying lighting conditions. Based on the deep learning based detection and tracking, we can achieve pseudo-30FPS via adaptive key frame selection.
Synthesis of an antifreeze glycoprotein analogue: efficient preparation of sequential glycopeptide polymers (1996)

A sequential glycopeptide polymer, antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) 1, was efficiently synthesised by simple polymerisation of the repeating glycopeptide unit of AFGP 10 with diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) as a convenient promotor.
A generic framework for rapid application development of mobile web services with dynamic workflow management (2004)

This paper proposes a rapid application development framework for creating mobile Web services supported by a dynamic workflow engine that displays an interface depending on a specified workflow. The model leverages on existing reference architectures, and open source standards, to create an interoperable, flexible and easy to implement development framework for creating mobile Web services. Our model is generic in nature to allow the development of Web services for a diverse range of scenarios. The dynamic workflow engine, residing on the client allows for easy updates on the server, and again caters to a diverse set of applications on the client side. The rapid application development model for mobile Web services proposed in this paper has been applied to a field service solution workflow and details on the implementation at both the client and the server are provided.
Expression of cellulase genes in Rhodobacter capsulatus by use of plasmid expression vectors (1986)

Broad-host-range plasmid vectors were constructed for expression of heterologous genes in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. These plasmids utilize an RK2-derived replicon for maintenance and conjugative transfer and the R. capsulatus rxcA promoter to obtain transcription of genes within appropriately positioned DNA fragments. The expression vectors were used to obtain synthesis of endoglucanase and exoglucanase in R. capsulatus from cellulase genes present on exogenously derived DNA fragments. The cellulase genes were expressed either by use of their native translation initiation signals or by in-frame fusion with the rxcA B870 beta gene translation initiation signals to form a hybrid protein. The level of cellulase gene expression was found to be modulated in response to the extent of aeration of plasmid host cultures.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Sulfur-Containing Compounds from Garlic (2012)

We identified four anti-inflammatory sulfur-containing compounds from garlic, and their chemical structures were identified as Z- and E-ajoene and oxidized sulfonyl derivatives of ajoene. The sulfur compounds inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that these sulfur compounds attenuated the LPS-induced expression of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and mRNA. Moreover, these sulfur-containing compounds suppressed the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and the degradation of inhibitory-κBα in LPS-activated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that they markedly inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylations of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) at 20 μM. These data demonstrate that the sulfur compounds from garlic, (Z, E)-ajoene and their sulfonyl analogs, can suppress the LPS-induced production of NO/PGE(2) and the expression of iNOS/COX-2 genes by inhibiting the NF-κB activation and the phosphorylations of p38 and ERK. Taken together, these data show that Z- and E-ajoene and their sulfonyl analogs from garlic might have anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential.
Cartilage Repair Using Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Chondroprogenitors (2014)

In initial work, we developed a 14-day culture protocol under potential GMP, chemically defined conditions to generate chondroprogenitors from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The present study was undertaken to investigate the cartilage repair capacity of these cells. The chondrogenic protocol was optimized and validated with gene expression profiling. The protocol was also applied successfully to two lines of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Chondrogenic cells derived from hESCs were encapsulated in fibrin gel and implanted in osteochondral defects in the patella groove of nude rats, and cartilage repair was evaluated by histomorphology and immunocytochemistry. Genes associated with chondrogenesis were upregulated during the protocol, and pluripotency-related genes were downregulated. Aggregation of chondrogenic cells was accompanied by high expression of SOX9 and strong staining with Safranin O. Culture with PluriSln1 was lethal for hESCs but was tolerated by hESC chondrogenic cells, and no OCT4-positive cells were detected in hESC chondrogenic cells. iPSCs were also shown to generate chondroprogenitors in this protocol. Repaired tissue in the defect area implanted with hESC-derived chondrogenic cells was stained for collagen II with little collagen I, but negligible collagen II was observed in the fibrin-only controls. Viable human cells were detected in the repair tissue at 12 weeks. The results show that chondrogenic cells derived from hESCs, using a chemically defined culture system, when implanted in focal defects were able to promote cartilage repair. This is a first step in evaluating these cells for clinical application for the treatment of cartilage lesions.
Log spiral design for direction of arrival estimation (2002)

A four-armed spiral antenna can be used to perform broadband direction-of-arrival estimation using a single aperture. The accuracy of the estimate is degraded by the existence of unwanted modes, which arise from two sources: the network used to sense the individual mode information and energy that leaks past the primary radiation region of a particular mode into aliased models. A technique for minimizing the error induced by the leakage modes is described. The technique requires selecting a log spiral with a particular growth rate that causes the errors induced by these leakage modes to effectively cancel. A number of spirals have been built to test this technique, and it has been found to be effective. It reduced the root mean square (RMS) phase error in far-field patterns near the horizon to less than a quarter of that which would be seen in a nontuned spiral.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Carriers by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction of Single Sperm Cells (2006)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 40. Approximately 95% of patients have homozygous deletions of exon 7 and/or 8 of the SMN1 gene. Carrier testing for SMA is relatively complex and requires quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA to determine SMN1 copy number. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of carrier testing for SMA in males, by nested PCR analysis of SMN1 deletions in single sperm cells. A nested PCR method was developed to amplify SMN1 exon 7 in single cells. Restriction enzyme digestion with DraI was used to differentiate between the highly homologous SMN1 and SMN2 genes. Single sperm cells from five known SMA carriers and six noncarriers were analyzed. Among the five carriers, a total of 132 single sperm cells were analyzed and SMN1 exon 7 deletion was detected in 68 cells (51.5%). In contrast, among the six noncarriers, a total of 136 single sperm cells were analyzed. Of these, an apparent SMN1 exon 7 deletion was detected in four sperm cells. This was interpreted as an allele dropout (ADO) rate of 2.9%. We conclude that nested PCR of SMN1 exon 7 is an accurate and reproducible method for detection of SMA male carriers with a SMN1 deletion.