gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alignment protocol for effective use of hard x-ray quad collimator for micro-crystallography (2011)

In October 2009, a quad, mini-beam collimator was implemented at GM/CA CAT that allowed users to select between a 5, 10, or 20 micron mini-beam or a 300 micron scatter guard for macromolecular crystallography. Initial alignment of each pinhole to the optical axis of each path through the mini-beam collimator is performed under an optical microscope using an alignment jig. Next, the pre-aligned collimator and its kinematic mount are moved to the beamline and attached to a pair of high precision translation stages attached to an on-axis-visualization system for viewing the protein crystal under investigation. The collimator is aligned to the beam axis by two angular and two translational motions. The pitch and yaw adjustments are typically only done during initial installation, and therefore are not motorized. The horizontal and vertical positions are adjusted remotely with high precision translational stages. Final alignment of the collimator is achieved using several endstation components, namely, a YAG crystal at the sample position to visualize the mini-beam, a CCD detector to record an X-ray background image, and a PIN diode to record the mini-beam intensity. The alignment protocol and its opto-mechanical instrumentation design will be discussed in detail.
A unique permeate gap membrane distillation system for combined fresh water and power production (2019)

The low-energy consumption process appears as one of the most dominant priority for sustainable fresh water production in recent years. Membrane distillation (MD) can be adapted effectively for water desalination due to lower operating temperature and ability to integrate to low grade waste heat. In this work, the feasibility of combined water and power production (CWP) is investigated by a unique permeate gap (PGMD) module. The permeate gap hydraulic pressure is controlled by connecting the permeate outlet to a sealed pressurized tank. Furthermore, the effect of permeate hydraulic pressure on the permeate flux and power density are explored experimentally. The maximum hydraulic pressure within this setup by polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane was around 2 bar. It is demonstrated that under 80 °C and 15 °C of the fluid bulk temperatures in the inlet of hot and cold sides, respectively an optimum permeates hydraulic pressure of 1.1 bar, 12.5 kg/m2 h of permeate flux, 0.4 W/m2 of power density and 0.03 kWh/m3 of specific energy production (SEP) are achievable. This capacity of power generation has been accompanied by around 50% permeate flux reduction. The achieved results propose the system potential to produce higher SEP rate, via implementation of the advanced hydrophobic membranes with the higher-pressure resistance feature.
Delegatable pseudorandom functions and applications (2013)

We put forth the problem of delegating the evaluation of a pseudorandom function (PRF) to an untrusted proxy and introduce a novel cryptographic primitive called delegatable pseudorandom functions, or DPRFs for short: A DPRF enables a proxy to evaluate a pseudorandom function on a strict subset of its domain using a trapdoor derived from the DPRF secret key. The trapdoor is constructed with respect to a certain policy predicate that determines the subset of input values which the proxy is allowed to compute. The main challenge in constructing DPRFs is to achieve bandwidth efficiency (which mandates that the trapdoor is smaller than the precomputed sequence of the PRF values conforming to the predicate), while maintaining the pseudorandomness of unknown values against an attacker that adaptively controls the proxy. A DPRF may be optionally equipped with an additional property we call policy privacy, where any two delegation predicates remain indistinguishable in the view of a DPRF-querying proxy: achieving this raises new design challenges as policy privacy and bandwidth efficiency are seemingly conflicting goals.
The acid accelerated ruthenium-catalysed dihydroxylation. Scope and limitations (2004)

Recently, we discovered a significant rate acceleration in RuO4-catalysed dihydroxylations of olefins by addition of Bronsted-acids resulting in a reduction of the catalyst loading to only 0.5 mol%. The present paper gives a full account on the optimisation protocol that led to the discovery of the beneficial influence of protic acids. A strong focus is set on the detailed description of the influence of different reaction parameters on both reactivity and selectivity. In the second part an intense investigation of scope and limitations will be presented. The results provided in this manuscript might lead to a deeper understanding of competing processes that influence the selectivity in RuO4-catalysed dihydroxylations.
Sensitive biological detection method for tetracyclines using a tetA-lacZ fusion system (1990)

A sensitive microbiological detection system for tetracyclines, utilizing an Escherichia coli strain containing a cloned tetA-lacZ gene fusion, is described. Expression of beta-galactosidase by the fusion plasmid pUB3610 remained subject to regulatory control by the TetR repressor protein, with the presence of tetracyclines in the growth medium leading to a 12-fold induction of beta-galactosidase synthesis. Because synthesis of beta-galactosidase was influenced to a small extent by the carbon source and the addition of cyclic AMP to the medium, cells were grown in the presence of cyclic AMP to enhance the sensitivity of the assay. All commonly marketed tetracyclines and some derivatives at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml could be detected in the growth medium. A plate assay utilizing the fusion plasmid that detects 1 ng of tetracycline has also been developed.
[Effects of pressure therapy on the proliferation and apoptosis of cells in hypertrophic scar of burn patients]. (2013)

Pressure therapy can accelerate the evolution process of HS through accelerating apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, thereby scar proliferation is inhibited.
Encapsulation of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin G (IgY) by Liposomes (1993)

Encapsulation of antibodies isolated from chicken egg yolk (IgY) in egg lecithin/cholesterol liposomes was attempted. IgY was successfully encapsulated into the liposomes by using the dehydration-rehydration method. Electron microscopic observation demonstrated that the liposomes prepared by this method were large multilamellar vesicles with a diameter of several microns. The encapsulation efficiency was improved by increasing the rehydration temperature to 60 degrees C. The cholesterol/lecithin ratio also affected the efficiency, giving the highest value at a ratio of 1/4 (mol/mol). Some efflux of glucose through the liposomal membranes was observed, particularly for the liposome with a low cholesterol content, but that of IgY was not detected, irrespective of the cholesterol content. Encapsulation reduced the activity loss of the IgY antibodies under acidic conditions. IgY encapsulated in the liposomes was also markedly resistant to pepsin hydrolysis, which usually results in complete loss of activity with unencapsulated IgY, suggesting that liposomal encapsulation is an effective means for protecting IgY under gastric conditions.
Miscibility of polyethyloxazoline with thermoplastic polymers (1986)

Abstract Polyethyloxazoline (PEO x ) blends with several other thermoplastic polymers were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for miscibility. Styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers having compositions in the range of about 20–40% acrylonitrile (AN) by weight were found to be miscible with PEO x whereas SANs outside this range were not. The polyhydroxyl ether of bisphenol A (Phenoxy) was also found to be miscible with PEO x . A vinylidene chloride copolymer (Saran) was found to be partially miscible with PEO x , whereas poly(methyl methacrylate) and polycarbonate were not miscible at all.
Effect of Antisense c- <i>raf</i> -1 on Tumorigenicity and Radiation Sensitivity of a Human Squamous Carcinoma (1989)

Antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of gene expression was used to investigate the biological function of the c-raf-1 gene in a radiation-resistant human squamous carcinoma cell line, SQ-20B. S1 nuclease protection assays revealed that transfection of full-length raf complementary DNA in the antisense orientation (AS) leads to a specific reduction (greater than tenfold) of steady-state levels of the endogenous c-raf-1 sense (S) transcript in SQ-20B cells. In nude mice, the malignant potential of SQ-20B cells transfected with raf (S) was significantly increased relative to that of SQ-20B cells transfected with raf (AS). SQ-20B cells containing transfected raf (S) maintained a radiation-resistant phenotype as compared to those cells harboring the AS version, which appeared to have enhanced radiation sensitivity. These data indicate that the reduced expression of endogenous c-raf-1 is sufficient to modulate the tumorigenicity and the radiation-resistant phenotype of SQ-20B cells, thus implicating c-raf-1 in a pathway important to the genesis of this type of cancer.
AlGaInP/GaInAs strained quantum well lasers (1993)

AlGaInP cladding layers have been applied for the first time to GaInAs strained quantum well lasers oscillating around 0.98μm. The device has lower threshold current and larger T0 than a device with GaInP cladding layers. This was expected from a larger bandgap difference between active and cladding layers.
INFLUENCE OF MINOR ADDITIONS ON COLOR AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF RUTILE* (1949)

A bstract In connection with some work on the color of minerals it was found that the presence of Ti 3+ in rutile can originate from two basically different causes. The bluish color of certain rutile preparations due to the presence of the Ti 3+ ion of Ti 2 O 3 is the result of (a) reducing conditions causing an oxygen deficiency in the rutile lattice or (b) the presence of cations having a valency higher than four. Replacing a tetravalent titanium ion by a pentavalent ion, for example, Sb 5+ , forces another titanium ion into the trivalent state in order to maintain the electroneutrality of the lattice The presence of ZrO 2 in TiO 2 makes the rutile more susceptible to certain impurities in its lattice, thus enhancing discoloration. The value of these crystal‐chemical considerations for the opacification of enamels and the dielectric properties of ceramic bodies containing rutile or rutile‐zirconia mixed crystals is pointed out.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties and Use of Polymer‐Supported Reagents (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human sensory stimulation and deprivation: Positron emission tomographic results and strategies (1984)

Fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose was used to measure local cerebral glucose metabolism by means of positron emission tomography (PET) in patients and in normal subjects. Various states of audiovisual stimulation and deprivation were explored. Our experience in performing neurobehavioral PET studies in over 145 normal right-handed individuals is described. In normal subjects metabolic left-right symmetry was found in states of partial sensory deprivation (eyes patched or ears plugged). Metabolic asymmetries (right less than left) were observed in subjects with more complete sensory deprivation (eyes patched and ears plugged). Auditory stimulation studies in normal subjects demonstrated metabolic evidence of cerebral lateralization. No correlation between site of metabolic response and side of stimulation was observed. Both the site and the side (left versus right) of maximal metabolic response correlated with the type (verbal versus nonverbal) and content of the stimulus as well as with the strategy used by the subject to solve the listening task. Visual stimuli of increasing complexity produced symmetrical increases in metabolic rate for the primary and secondary visual cortices. Focal stimulation of the central portion of the retina produced focal responses limited to the occipital poles, while full-field visual stimulation produced increased metabolic activity throughout the entire extent of the primary visual cortex. Patients with lesions of the visual pathway that spared the visual cortex itself demonstrated abnormalities in visual cortical metabolic rate that correlated with clinical symptoms. The refinement of neurobehavioral PET studies is discussed in terms of the limitations presently induced by spatial resolution, temporal resolution, anatomical localization accuracy, experimental neuropsychological paradigm design, and data analysis techniques. These limitations, as well as future prospects for using PET to study human brain function in both normal and pathological states, are discussed.
Deep Secure Encoding for Face Template Protection (2016)

In this paper we present a framework for secure identification using deep neural networks, and apply it to the task of template protection for face password authentication. We use deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn a mapping from face images to maximum entropy binary (MEB) codes. The mapping is robust enough to tackle the problem of exact matching, yielding the same code for new samples of a user as the code assigned during training. These codes are then hashed using any hash function that follows the random oracle model (like SHA-512) to generate protected face templates. The algorithm makes no unrealistic assumptions and offers high template security, cancelability, and matching performance comparable to the state-of-the-art. The efficacy of the approach is shown on CMU-PIE, Extended Yale B, and Multi-PIE face databases. We achieve high (~ 95%) genuine accept rates (GAR) at zero false accept rate (FAR) while maintaining a high level of template security.
Parkinson's Disease: Gene Therapies (2012)

With the recent development of effective gene delivery systems, gene therapy for the central nervous system is finding novel applications. Here, we review existing viral vectors and discuss gene therapy strategies that have been proposed for Parkinson's disease. To date, most of the clinical trials were based on viral vectors to deliver therapeutic transgenes to neurons within the basal ganglia. Initial trials used genes to relieve the major motor symptoms caused by nigrostriatal degeneration. Although these new genetic approaches still need to prove more effective than existing symptomatic treatments, there is a need for disease-modifying strategies. The investigation of the genetic factors implicated in Parkinson's disease is providing precious insights in disease pathology that, combined with innovative gene delivery systems, will hopefully offer novel opportunities for gene therapy interventions to slow down, or even halt disease progression.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide Thin Films on Metallic Substrates (2012)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful ultra-thin film deposition technique that uses sequential self-limiting surface reactions to provide conformal atomic scale film growth. Deposition of ALD films on many substrate systems has been studied before; however, limited data is available on deposition on metallic surfaces. The investigation of the growth of Al2O3, HfO2, and ZrO2 as three technologically important metal oxides on metallic substrates is the subject of this thesis. Al2O3, HfO2, and ZrO2 films were grown by ALD on silicon, as a well-studied substrate, in different operating conditions to investigate the effect of process parameters on film properties. To study the growth of oxides on metals, thin metallic substrates were prepared by sputter deposition on silicon wafers and then were transferred to the ALD chamber where the film growth was monitored by in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. The transfer was performed via a load lock system without breaking the vacuum to preserve the pristine metal surface. Formation of a thin interfacial layer of metal oxide was observed during the initial moments of plasma enhanced ALD, that was due to the exposure of metal surface to oxygen plasma. In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to accurately measure the thickness change of the growing films including the interfacial layer. The thickness of this interfacial oxide layer depended on various process parameters including deposition temperature, order of precursors and plasma pulse length. The interfacial oxide layer was absent during the conventional thermal ALD. However, thermal ALD of oxides on metals exhibited substrate-inhibited growth, especially at higher deposition temperatures. With the knowledge of ALD growth characteristics on metals, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices were fabricated by both thermal and plasma enhanced ALD and electrically characterized. The presence of the interfacial oxide layer altered the device performance by changing the capacitance and current characteristics. Employing this approach, it was shown that ALD can be successfully used in the fabrication process of MIM devices and similar systems where ultra-thin insulating layers need to be uniformly deposited on a metallic surface.
Current concepts and practices applicable to the control of body heat loss in aircrew subjected to water immersion. (1966)

Abstract : The problem of providing adequate clothing for personnel who either accidentally of otherwise are immersed in cold water has continued to challenge clothing manufacturers for the past decade. The development of foamed plastics and other clothing materials offers new possibilities. Likewise new advances in energy conversion systems offer new solutions to this critical operational problem. The basic physical and physiological concepts which pertain to the problem of limiting thermal loss from the immersed human are reviewed. The newer technical developments in insulative clothing and supplemental heating systems are reviewed. The newer technical developments in insulative clothing and supplemental heating systems are reviewed and discussed with relation to these basic concepts.
Access control in virtual environments (1997)

Article Access control in virtual environments Share on Authors: Adrian Bullock Department of Computer Science The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Department of Computer Science The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKView Profile , Steve Benford Department of Computer Science The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Department of Computer Science The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims VRST '97: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technologySeptember 1997 Pages 29–35https://doi.org/10.1145/261135.261142Online:01 September 1997Publication History 7citation446DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads446Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Anomalous Band Gap Evolution from Band Inversion in Pb<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub><i>x</i></sub>Te Nanocrystals (2009)

We report the synthesis of a series of narrowly disperse Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Te nanocrystals by employing a colloidal synthetic strategy. As synthesized nanocrystals are solid solutions with cubic NaCl-type structure and exhibit band energy gaps in the mid-IR region. We show that these ternary nanocrystals display qualitatively the same anomalous trend in band gaps as a function of x that is attributed to the band inversion phenomenon of the corresponding bulk materials; however unlike the bulk the band gap does not vanish at any Sn concentration but achieves a minimum of 0.28 eV for x = 0.67.
Reduced basis technique for nonlinear analysis of structures (1979)

A reduced basis technique and a computational' algorithm are presented for predicting the nonlinear static response of structures. A total Lagrangian formulation is used and the structure is discretized by using displacement finite element models. The nodal displacement vector is expressed as a linear combination of a small number of basis vectors and a Rayleigh-Ritz technique is used to approximate the finite element equations by a reduced system of nonlinear equations. The Rayleigh-Ritz approximation functions (basis vectors) are chosen to be those commonly used in the static perturbation technique namely, a nonlinear solution and a number of its path derivatives. A procedure is outlined for automatically selecting the load (or displacement) step size and monitoring the solution accuracy. The high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by means of numerical examples.
Stability of Virtual Air Walls on Micropallet Arrays (2007)

Arrays of micropallets have been used to pattern adherent cells as well to sort mixtures of cells. These artificial surfaces are composed of micrometer-sized, SU-8 structures formed on a hydrophobic glass surface. Successful application of these arrays requires stable Cassie-Baxter wetting by aqueous biological solutions. This paper systematically studies the factors governing the stability of Cassie-Baxter wetting on the arrays, including the surface properties of the array components as well as the physical and chemical properties of the wetting solutions. To establish stable Cassie-Baxter wetting with water, the surface of the array must be coated with a perfluoroalkylsilane of sufficient hydrophobicity, and the roughness of array must be greater than 1.6. Additionally, long-term stability of the Cassie-Baxter wetting depends on the properties of the wetting solutions, including the surface tension (>40 mM/m), salt concentration (>10 mM), and protein concentration (<5 mg/mL) of the wetting liquid. Under optimal conditions, Cassie-Baxter wetting of the micropallet array is stable for up to 1 month in the presence of tissue culture medium containing fetal calf serum. These experimental results provide critical information regarding the stability and endurance of the virtual air walls when the micropallet arrays are used as a bioanalytical tool.
Independent Component Analysis for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing (2006)

We investigate the application of independent-component analysis (ICA) to remotely sensed hyperspectral image classification. We focus on the performance of two well-known and frequently used ICA algorithms: joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices (JADE) and FastICA ; but the proposed method is applicable to other ICA algorithms. The major advantage of using ICA is its ability to classify objects with unknown spectral signatures in an unknown image scene, i.e., unsupervised classification. However, ICA suffers from computational expensiveness, which limits its application to high-dimensional data analysis. In order to make it applicable or reduce the computation time in hyperspectral image classification, a data-preprocessing procedure is employed to reduce the data dimensionality. Instead of using principal-component analysis (PCA), a noise-adjusted principal-components (NAPC) transform is employed for this purpose, which can reorganize the original data with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio, a more appropriate image-ranking criterion than variance in PCA. The experimental results demonstrate that the major principal components from the NAPC transform can better maintain the object information in the original data than those from PCA. As a result, an ICA algorithm can provide better object classification