gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogenicity of bisphenol A and bisphenol A dimethacrylate in vitro (1999)

Although pit and fissure sealants have been utilized extensively in dentistry as a way of preventing occlusal caries, results described by Olea et al. (1996) raised concerns about the safety of sealants and other resin-based dental materials due to the reported presence of bisphenol A (BPA) and its dimethacrylate ester (BPA-DM). Although the release of these compounds from dental materials has not been substantiated by two subsequent studies, we believed it was important to confirm or refute the report that BPA and BPA-DM have estrogenic activity in vitro. We grew breast cancer cells (MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1) known to proliferate under estrogenic stimulation in phenol red-free DMEM containing human serum and concentrations of BPA or BPA-DM ranging from 10−8M to 5 × 10−6M. After 1 week, plates were harvested for crystal violet or sulforhodamine-B assays, and the optical densities of groups of treated cells were compared with values from control cells. At concentrations at or above 10−6M, both BPA and BPA-DM significantly increased cell proliferation (p < 0.05), comparable to the increase seen with 10−9M of estrogen. Flow cytometric methods demonstrated that these mitogenic effects occurred within 24 h of exposure to estrogen, BPA, or BPA-DM. The increase in DNA synthesis was analogous to that seen with estrogen stimulation. Thus, we confirmed that BPA and BPA-DM cause cell proliferation at micromolar concentrations that exceed the effective concentrations of estrogen by 1 to 10,000-fold. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 45, 192–197, 1999.
Private Key Management in Hierarchical Identity-Based Encryption (2007)

Hierarchical identity-based encryption (HIBE) is a generalization of IBE that mirrors an organizational hierarchy, which consists of a root private key generator (PKG), domain PKGs and users. In a traditional HIBE system, users retrieve private keys from their domain PKGs, while domain PKGs request domain secret keys from the root PKG. What's more, the manager of each private key is a single one. Unfortunately, some of the PKGs (private key manager) could be untrusty, such that they would leak lower level's private keys. In this paper, we propose a novel private key management scheme in HIBE, where a domain master key is not charged by a single one, buta group PKGs aiming at avoiding unreliable PKGs' attack.
Quantitative analysis of nasal transcripts reveals potential biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease (2019)

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) oftentimes develop olfactory dysfunction in their early stages, converting the nasal environment into a useful source of potential biomarkers. Here we determined the possible application of nasal fluid cells for PD biomarker identification. Thirty PD patients and 13 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Messenger RNA levels of selected PD-related genes were monitored through real-time quantitative PCR. Target gene transcripts can be efficiently amplified from the cDNA library from human nasal fluid cell pellets. And subsequent analysis showed both a marked downregulation of parkin transcripts and an upregulation of AIMP2 in PD patients when compared to controls (cutoff value = 1.753 for with 84.2% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity; 0.359 for parkin with 76.7% sensitivity and 76.9 specificity). Moreover, alteration pattern of parkin and AIMP2 in PD was distinct from another neurodegenerative disease, multiple system atrophy. Analysis in both the early and late stages of PD cases reported that parkin levels inversely correlated with PD stages. Our results validate the practical value of easily accessible nasal fluid cells and the utility of both AIMP2 and parkin as potential biomarkers for PD diagnosis.
Heat and mass transfer in the plant--soil--air system (1984)

In recent years the study of problems of energy and mass transfer in the plant environment has attracted attention. This interest is attributed to the formulation of problems on the optimization of processes in agriculture based on forecasting agrometeorological and soil-hydrological conditions. This book examines the mechanisms of the processes of energy and mass transfer, and the mathematical formulation and solution of boundary value problems of energy and mass transfer in the soil, the subsoil, and the atmosphere near the ground.
Enhanced expression of cyclo-oxygenase isoenzyme 2 (COX-2) in asthmatic airways and its cellular distribution in aspirin-sensitive asthma (1997)

COX-2-derived metabolites may play an essential part in the inflammatory processes present in asthmatic airways and development of drugs targeted at this isoenzyme may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of asthma. Mast cells and eosinophils may also have a central role in the pathology of aspirin-sensitive asthma.
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (2004)

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare, clonal, mixed myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic disorder afflicting young children. Patients with JMML respond poorly to most standard chemotherapy regimens and, whereas stem cell transplantation is the only known curative approach, even this modality is hampered by high relapse rates. The pathogenesis of JMML arises from dysregulation of signal transduction through the Ras pathway. This dysregulation results in JMML cells demonstrating selective hypersensitivity in vitro to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Potential causative mutations or other genetic abnormalities in three genes (eg, RAS, neurofibromatosis type 1, and PTPN11), all of which are positioned in the GM-CSF/Ras signal transduction pathway, account for up to 75% of cases of JMML. These pathogenetic advances are paving the way for the development and testing of mechanism-based molecularly targeted therapeutics in JMML aimed specifically at the GM-CSF signal transduction pathway through Ras.
Enhancement of T-cell-depleted bone marrow allografts in the absence of graft-versus-host disease is mediated by CD8+ CD4- and not by CD8- CD4+ thymocytes (1992)

Transplantation of T-cell-depleted C57BL/6-Nu/Nu ("nude") bone marrow (BM) into C3H/HeJ recipients, conditioned with 8 Gy total body irradiation plus chemotherapy with the myeloablative drug dimethyl myleran, resulted in poor hematopoietic reconstitution 14 days posttransplant, compared with transplantation with T-cell-depleted BM from normal C57BL/6 donors. Hematopoietic reconstitution of "nude" BM could be improved by the addition of (C57BL/6xC3H/HeJ)F1 thymocytes void of graft-versus-host activity. Enhancement of BM allografting by thymocytes is sensitive to low radiation doses (> or = 5.0 Gy) and can be achieved by transplanting the BM 24 hours before the administration of thymocytes. Fractionation of F1 thymocytes by differential agglutination with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and by fluorescence activated cell sorting showed that this hematopoietic enhancing activity is enriched in the unagglutinated (PNA-) thymocyte fraction and is mediated by PNA- CD8+ and not by PNA- CD4+ thymocytes.
A new approach to the fluid factor leads to elastic inversion without shear log (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002A new approach to the fluid factor leads to elastic inversion without shear logAuthors: Guillaume CamboisGuillaume CamboisCGGhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817151 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817151FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Guillaume Cambois, (2002), "A new approach to the fluid factor leads to elastic inversion without shear log," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 221-224. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817151 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Regulation of Inosine-5′-monophosphate Dehydrogenase Type II Gene Expression in Human T Cells (1997)

Expression of the gene encoding human inosine- 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) type II, an enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the generation of guanine nucleotides, is increased more than 10-fold in activated peripheral blood T lymphocytes and is required for T cell activation. We have examined the 5'-regulatory sequences that are important for the transcriptional regulation of this gene in T cells. DNase I mapping of genomic DNA identified a hypersensitive element near the transcription initiation site. Fine mapping by in vivo footprinting demonstrated five transcription factor binding sites that are occupied in both resting and activated peripheral blood T lymphocytes; these are tandem CRE motifs, a Sp1 site, an overlapping Egr-1/Sp1 site, and a novel palindromic octamer sequence (POS). The tandem CRE and POS sites are of major functional importance as judged by mutational and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses. These data provide evidence that expression of the human IMPDH type II gene is predominantly regulated by the nuclear factors ATF-2 and an as yet unidentified POS-binding protein. Additional major protein-DNA interactions do not occur within the promoter region after T lymphocyte activation, indicating a requirement for additional protein-protein interactions and/or post-translational modifications of pre-bound transcription factors to account for the observed increase in IMPDH type II gene expression.
Structure and DFT Calculation of fac-Tris(3-methyl-2-phenylpyridine)Ir(III) Complex (2003)

Luminescent transition metal complexes have attracted much attention recently due to their potential applications to photochemistry, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and chemical sensors for small molecules (O2).1 In particular, phosphorescent metal complexes have been considered to be promising materials because of their ability to achieve maximum internal quantum efficiency, nearly 100%, as well as high external quantum efficiency in OLEDs.2 For example, d-block heavy metal complexes incorporating ppy (2-phenylpyridine) derivatives, such as those of Ir(III) and Pt(II), have shown to be highly efficient electrophosphorescent emitters in OLEDs.3 Among these transition metal complexes, Ir complexes are regarded as the most effective materials in OLEDs, in which they show a high thermal stability, a shorter life time in excited states than that of other transition metal complexes, and tunable emission energy in the region of blue to red through the modification of CN ligands and/or introduction of a variety of electron donor/ acceptor in the ppy ring.4 Recently, Forrest et al. has reported that the effect of methyl substitution in Alq3 showed different thermal stability and electroluminescent properties by the position of methylation in 8-quinolinol ligand.5 Based on this result, we expect that luminescent properties and 3MLCT states in Ir(ppy)3 are affected by even a small methyl substituent.
Incorporation of a nanosplitter interface into an LC‐MS‐RD system to facilitate drug metabolism studies (2005)

In the work reported here, a novel interface, the nanosplitter, is incorporated into the drug metabolism laboratory in order to enhance the analytical capabilities of detecting and identifying drug-related metabolites to support drug metabolism studies during the drug development process. When an existing LC-MS-radiometric detector (RD) system is coupled with this nanosplitter, the system becomes capable of performing dynamic microspray under a typical analytical LC method. With the superior MS sensitivity offered by this system, most of the analytical LC methods developed for metabolite profiling can then be easily adopted for metabolite identification work. The improvement of these analytical capabilities can streamline the entire process of the drug metabolism study. In the experiments presented here, the nanosplitter interface coupled with analytical HPLC systems (e.g. 4.6 x 250 mm column @ 1 ml/min) demonstrated significant increases in MS signal (2x to 40x peak area) when compared to the standard LC-MS interface for both in vitro and in vivo metabolism studies. Furthermore, this signal gain facilitated the MS detection of additional metabolites (observed in the radiometric trace) that were below the MS level of detection when using the standard interface.
Carotenoid metabolism and regulation in horticultural crops (2015)

Carotenoids are a diverse group of pigments widely distributed in nature. The vivid yellow, orange, and red colors of many horticultural crops are attributed to the overaccumulation of carotenoids, which contribute to a critical agronomic trait for flowers and an important quality trait for fruits and vegetables. Not only do carotenoids give horticultural crops their visual appeal, they also enhance nutritional value and health benefits for humans. As a result, carotenoid research in horticultural crops has grown exponentially over the last decade. These investigations have advanced our fundamental understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation in plants. In this review, we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in horticultural crops and highlight recent achievements in our understanding of carotenoid metabolic regulation in vegetables, fruits, and flowers.
Color, Flavor, Texture, and Nutritional Quality of Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Desirable Levels, Instrumental and Sensory Measurement, and the Effects of Processing (2010)

The color, flavor, texture, and the nutritional value of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are factors critical to consumer acceptance and the success of these products. In this chapter, desirable and undesirable quality attributes of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are reviewed. Both instrumental and sensory measurements for determining these critical quality attributes are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of sensory and instrumental quality measurements are described. A review of typical unit operations involved in the production of fresh-cut products is presented. The effects of fresh-cut processing techniques and treatments on sensory quality, including the appearance, texture, flavor (taste and aroma) of vegetables, and fruits are detailed.
A New Multiphase Electrode-per-bit Structure for CCD Memory (1977)

A new high density electrode-per-bit (E/B) charge coupled device (CCD) memory structure is described and demonstrated. In the new structure, an interlacing technique is used with a multiphase serial-parallel-serial (MSPS) array to achieve a substantial improvement in bit density. In order to verify the concept, p-channel and n-channel test devices were designed and fabricated. Both the p-channel C4D and n-channel 2-level polysilicon gate test arrays have operated at 1.5 MHz and 5.0 MHz respectively without pattern sensitivity. The interlaced MSPS structure is an attractive candidate for a CCD memory array.
GLO-Roots: an imaging platform enabling multidimensional characterization of soil-grown root systems (2015)

Root systems develop different root types that individually sense cues from their local environment and integrate this information with systemic signals. This complex multi-dimensional amalgam of inputs enables continuous adjustment of root growth rates, direction, and metabolic activity that define a dynamic physical network. Current methods for analyzing root biology balance physiological relevance with imaging capability. To bridge this divide, we developed an integrated-imaging system called Growth and Luminescence Observatory for Roots (GLO-Roots) that uses luminescence-based reporters to enable studies of root architecture and gene expression patterns in soil-grown, light-shielded roots. We have developed image analysis algorithms that allow the spatial integration of soil properties, gene expression, and root system architecture traits. We propose GLO-Roots as a system that has great utility in presenting environmental stimuli to roots in ways that evoke natural adaptive responses and in providing tools for studying the multi-dimensional nature of such processes.
Characterization of Chemical Composition along the Molar Mass Distribution in Polyolefin Copolymers by <scp>GPC</scp> Using a Modern Filter‐<scp>B</scp>ased <scp>IR</scp> Detector (2013)

Summary Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), is the technique routinely used at high temperature to analyze the molar mass distribution in polyolefins. The distribution of comonomer along the molar mass distribution in a copolymer is a key microstructural feature that determines the macroscopic properties of the material, and thus, its range of possible applications and performance. The direct coupling of a modern filter‐based infrared (IR) detector to a high temperature GPC instrument, by means of a heated flow‐through cell, is here described. The analyses are carried out by recording the continuous IR absorbance chromatograms at selected bands, which show different sensitivities to the different monomer units. A slice‐by‐slice ratio of the IR bands is further calculated to determine the average chemical composition of each molar mass fraction, after GPC separation. The high sensitivity of this IR detection method allows the injection of low concentrations of sample and the use of standard GPC analysis conditions, so that chromatographic quality is not compromised even in cases where very high molar mass fractions are present. The analysis of comonomer variations along the molar mass distribution in polyolefin copolymers is discussed. Selected applications of the method to polyethylene and poly(propylene) copolymers are presented.
Determining the faulted phase (2010)

In August 1999, a lightning strike caused a misoperation of a relay installed in the late 1980s. The relay misoperation caused a two-minute outage at a petrochemical plant and led to an exhaustive root-cause analysis. The misoperation can be attributed to incorrect fault type selection in a distance element-based, 1980s-era relay. Two separate events in different locations, one in December 2007 and another in March 2009, highlight additional incorrect operations that occurred due to the same problem and root cause. The recent events remind us that this topic is still important and should be reviewed. This paper shares details about three challenging case studies and their root causes. Methodical root-cause analysis techniques are used, including mathematical simulation and testing of old and newer relay designs. This paper contrasts distance and fault identification algorithms, demonstrates methodical analysis techniques, and proposes solutions. Fault type selection logic is discussed, and the evolution and improvement of faulted phase selection logic over several decades is demonstrated. A newer relay design, available since 1993, is proven to have improved performance, namely better security, for these challenging cases.
A Survey of MAC Layer Issues and Protocols for Machine-to-Machine Communications (2015)

With the growing interest in the use of autonomous computing, sensing and actuating devices for various applications such as smart grids, home networking, smart environments and cities, health care, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication has become an important networking paradigm. However, in order to fully exploit the applications facilitated by M2M communications, adequate support from all layers in the network stack must first be provided in order to meet their service requirements. This paper presents a survey of the requirements, technical challenges, and existing work on medium access control (MAC) layer protocols for supporting M2M communications. This paper first describes the issues related to efficient, scalable, and fair channel access for M2M communications. Then, in addition to protocols that have been developed specifically for M2M communications, this paper reviews existing MAC protocols and their applicability to M2M communications. This survey paper then discusses ongoing standardization efforts and open problems for future research in this area.
A survey of heterogeneous computing: concepts and systems (1996)

This survey of heterogeneous computing concepts and systems is based on the recently proposed by the authors "EM/sup 3/ " (Execution Modes/Machine Models) taxonomy of computer systems in general. The taxonomy is based on two criteria: the number of execution modes supported by the system and the number of machine models present in the system. Since these two criteria are orthogonal, four classes exist: Single Execution mode/Single machine Model (SESM), Single Execution modes/Multiple machine Models (SEMM), Multiple Execution modes/Single machine Model (MESM), and Multiple Execution modes/Multiple machine Models (MEMM). In Section II, heterogeneous computing concepts are viewed through three phases of the compilation and execution of any heterogeneous application: parallelism detection, parallelism characterization and resource allocation. Parallelism detection phase discovers fine-grain parallelism inside every task. This phase is not an exclusive feature of heterogeneous computing, so it will not be dealt with in greater detail. The assignment of parallelism characterization phase is to estimate the behavior of each task in the application on every architecture in the heterogeneous system. In the parallelism characterization domain, one original taxonomy is given. This taxonomy contains scheme classes such as vector and matrix static and dynamic, implicit and explicit, algorithmic and heuristic and numeric and symbolic. Resource allocation phase determines the place and the moment for execution of every task to optimize certain performance measure related to some criteria. In the resource allocation domain, the existing Casavant-Kuhl taxonomy is extended and used. This well known taxonomy is supplemented with scheme classes such as noncooperative competitive, noncooperative noncompetitive, and load sharing. In Section III, heterogeneous systems characterized with multiple execution modes ("fully" heterogeneous systems falling in the MESM and the MEMM class) are surveyed. The MESM class systems are described and illustrated with three case studies, two of which support SIMD/MIMD and one supports scalar/vector combination of execution modes. The MEMM class systems are described and illustrated with two representative examples of fully heterogeneous networks supporting multiple execution modes. The system software for heterogeneous computing systems is presented according to an original three-dimensional (3-D) taxonomy whose criteria rely on the level of heterogeneity support implementation, the programming approach, and the data access technique applied. In Section III, several representative heterogeneous applications are described with their computation requirements and the systems used for their execution. Each topic covered in the paper contains several concise examples.