gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of phosphorus loading on interactions of algae and bacteria: reinvestigation of the phytoplankton-bacteria paradox in a continuous cultivation system (2005)

The effect of different phosphorus loads (L P ) on the phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) content (biomass) of algae and bacteria was assessed in continuous culture. We tested if a mixed freshwater microbial assemblage co-cultured with a phytoflagellate (Cryptomonas phaseolus) would comply with the 'phytoplankton-bacteria paradox' (sensu Bratbak & Thingstad 1985). This hypothesis states that the ratio of bacterial to algal abundance changes to the benefit of bacteria with decreasing L P . However, the phenomenon was originally investigated by simultaneously altering L P and microbial growth rates, and it is unclear to which extent it can be assigned to either parameter. Therefore, we set up 3 chemostat systems in triplicate at equal dilution rates, but with daily L P of 21, 41 or 62 g l -1 d -1 (corresponding to 50, 100 and 150 g P l -1 ). Higher L P led to a 5-fold increase in total algal abundance and biomass but to less than a doubling of these parameters in the bacterial assemblage. Total biomass ratios of bacteria to algae changed from 0.18 to 0.06 with increasing L P , while the bacteria-algae total phosphorus ratios decreased from 0.80 to 0.17. The cellular C:P ratio of algae remained similar at all P concentrations, whereas the molar C:P ratios of bacterial cells significantly increased at higher L P (from 44 to 73). An enrichment experiment with the 50 g P l -1 treatment demonstrated that bacteria at the lowest L P were co-limited by P and C, and that increased P stimulated mainly the algal fraction. The phytoplankton-bacteria paradox at the level of a mixed microbial assemblage is thus characterised by the following aspects: (1) bacteria profit from their high affinity to P and are better competitors at lower L P ; (2) although algae compete with bacteria for P, P-limited algae release extracellular C that stimulates growth of their bacterial competitors; (3) when bacteria depend on algae as their sole source of organic C, this provides a feedback mechanism by which algae limit the abundance of their competitors at higher L P ; (4) large oscillations in the bacteria-algae ratios at the lowest L P point to a greater instability of this interaction with stronger P competition. However, bacteria were not able to outcompete C. phaseolus, as algae were their only C source.
A battery-less, energy harvesting device for long range scavenging of wireless power from terrestrial TV broadcasts (2012)

Use of Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial (ISDB-T) standard has resulted in broadcast of perpetually on, wireless digital TV signals over the air at wider bandwidths in UHF bands for smart phones & video-on-demand. This paper presents a unique energy harvesting prototype capable of scavenging wireless power from such broadcasts and well capable of powering on electronics operating at 3V from wireless TV signals for limited duty cycle at distance of 6.5km from source.
Bilateral Teleoperation Based on Modal System Design (2005)

Technology for teleoperation has been needed in many scenes. Especially in robotic surgery, It is required that to transmit the tactile sensation to the operator. To attain that need, teleoperation method called bilateral has developed. Bilateral means transmit information each other. Environmental information is transmitted both from master to slave and from slave to master in bilateral teleopera- tion. In bilateral teleoperation, environmental information of master and slave should be exchanged in common coordinates. It is difficult to define a common coordinates in different structured bilateral teleoperation. Mode based control for bilateral teleoperation is proposed in this paper. Coordinates based on geometric mode is used to common coordinates to exchange the environmental information be- tween master robot and slave robot. Geometric environmen- tal mode is quarried by quarry matrix and hypothetical axes bilateral controller based on acceleration control is applied to hypothetical mode motors. Hypothetical mode master motor and mode slave motor are transformed to mode common motor and mode differential motor. Force servo controller is applied to mode common motor and position regulator is applied to mode differential motor. Viability of proposed method is shown in experimental result.
Image quality assessment for iris biometric (2006)

Iris recognition, the ability to recognize and distinguish individuals by their iris pattern, is the most reliable biometric in terms of recognition and identification performance. However, performance of these systems is affected by poor quality imaging. In this work, we extend previous research efforts on iris quality assessment by analyzing the effect of seven quality factors: defocus blur, motion blur, off-angle, occlusion, specular reflection, lighting, and pixel-counts on the performance of traditional iris recognition system. We have concluded that defocus blur, motion blur, and off-angle are the factors that affect recognition performance the most. We further designed a fully automated iris image quality evaluation block that operates in two steps. First each factor is estimated individually, then the second step involves fusing the estimated factors by using Dempster-Shafer theory approach to evidential reasoning. The designed block is tested on two datasets, CASIA 1.0 and a dataset collected at WVU. Considerable improvement in recognition performance is demonstrated when removing poor quality images evaluated by our quality metric. The upper bound on processing complexity required to evaluate quality of a single image is O(<i>n</i><sup>2</sup> log <i>n</i>), that of a 2D-Fast Fourier Transform.
Face Detection System Based on Machine Visual Technology (2007)

The face detection system based on machine visual was presented which uses modularized frame of hardware.The software of image processing can detect and classify defects.The system develops an effective assembled classifier by several pattern recognition technologies including distinguishes the function sorter,fuzzy algorithm and neural network.It has the ability of self-learning and can adapt to different equipments and materials by the training of classifier according to different sets of samples.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness.
Reliability of the Evoked Response in Determining the Paced Ventricular Rate and Performance of the QT or Rate Responsive (TX) Pacemaker (1985)

The TX pacemaker uses a conventional transvenous electrode to sense T-waves of paced ventricular complexes and it adapts the pacing rate to varying physiological demands by responding to changes in the QT or, more correctly, the stimulus artifact-to-T-wave (stimulus-T) interval. This pacing system was assessed in 13 patients. The relation between heart rate and stimulus-T interval and the effect of programming on the performance of this pacemaker were studied on several occasions in each patient. Treadmill exercise performance during TX pacing mode was compared with atrial synchronized ventricular (VAT) and asynchronous ventricular demand (VOO and VVI--70 beats per minute) pacing modes. T-wave sensing problems arose in three patients. In one, this was overcome by reducing the pulse amplitude from 5.0 to 2.5 V. In another patient, spontaneous recovery of T-wave sensing occurred 5 months after pacemaker implantation. T-wave sensing deteriorated with the passage of time in most patients. Satisfactory rate response as assessed by treadmill exercise testing and Holter monitoring was achieved in 12 patients through adjustments of two programmable parameters: the slope that defines the alteration in heart rate in response to a millisecond change in stimulus-T interval and the "sensing window" that is the interval during which T-waves can be sensed and a rate response is possible. Exercise performance was significantly better during rate responsive pacing (TX) mode as compared with VVI pacing but was comparable to that during VAT pacing. The resting heart rate/stimulus-T interval can be described by the following linear regression equation: stimulus-T interval = 466 - 1.68 X paced-rate, r2 = -0.62. This relation, however, was subject to wide inter- and intra-patient variation. Consequently, given identical programmed parameters and exercise protocol, the chronotropic response differed significantly from patient to patient and in the same patient from one occasion to another. Our results show that a physiologically beneficial chronotropic response can be achieved in most patients. However, reprogramming, based on results of exercise tests and Holter monitoring, may be necessary to adjust for changes in T-wave sensing and the heart rate/stimulus-T interval relation and, thus to ensure that the pacemaker continues to function optimally.
Effect of duct bias on transport of vacuum arc plasmas through curved magnetic filters (1994)

The plasma output of a 90° magnetic macroparticle filter of vacuum arc plasma was monitored by a Langmuir probe as a function of bias of the duct wall and guiding magnetic field. Maximum plasma transport through the filter was found at a positive bias of about 20 V. A relatively small magnetic field of 10–30 mT is sufficient for effective guiding of the plasma, and further increase of the guiding field improves the filter efficiency only gradually. The potential of a floating duct changes from negative to positive when the guiding field is increased. This can be explained by the balance of electron and ion flux transverse to the magnetic field. Saturation in the plasma output at high guiding field (≳120 mT) is observed for carbon but not for heavy elements. The transport of plasma through bent ducts is made possible by the magnetic pressure of the guiding field, and by sheath and space-charge electric fields.
An area- and power-efficient monolithic Buck converter with fast transient response (2009)

A voltage-mode Buck converter with a novel pseudo-type III compensation is presented. It maintains the fast load transient response, as confirmed by the measured loop gain, and 7 mus settling time for 500 mA load current step. It also transforms the type III compensator into a summation of an area- and power-efficient error amplifier plus a low-power band-pass filter. Consequently, the area and power consumption of proposed compensator is reduced by 80% and 85%.
Dynamics of the α6β4 Integrin in Keratinocytes (2002)

The integrin alpha6beta4 has been implicated in two apparently contrasting processes, i.e., the formation of stable adhesions, and cell migration and invasion. To study the dynamic properties of alpha6beta4 in live cells two different beta4-chimeras were stably expressed in beta4-deficient PA-JEB keratinocytes. One chimera consisted of full-length beta4 fused to EGFP at its carboxy terminus (beta4-EGFP). In a second chimera the extracellular part of beta4 was replaced by EGFP (EGFP-beta4), thereby rendering it incapable of associating with alpha6 and thus of binding to laminin-5. Both chimeras induce the formation of hemidesmosome-like structures, which contain plectin and often also BP180 and BP230. During cell migration and division, the beta4-EGFP and EGFP-beta4 hemidesmosomes disappear, and a proportion of the beta4-EGFP, but not of the EGFP-beta4 molecules, become part of retraction fibers, which are occasionally ripped from the cell membrane, thereby leaving "footprints" of the migrating cell. PA-JEB cells expressing beta4-EGFP migrate considerably more slowly than those that express EGFP-beta4. Studies with a beta4-EGFP mutant that is unable to interact with plectin and thus with the cytoskeleton (beta4(R1281W)-EGFP) suggest that the stabilization of the interaction between alpha6beta4 and LN-5, rather than the increased adhesion to LN-5, is responsible for the inhibition of migration. Consistent with this, photobleaching and recovery experiments revealed that the interaction of beta4 with plectin renders the bond between alpha6beta4 and laminin-5 more stable, i.e., beta4-EGFP is less dynamic than beta4(R1281W)-EGFP. On the other hand, when alpha6beta4 is bound to laminin-5, the binding dynamics of beta4 to plectin are increased, i.e., beta4-EGFP is more dynamic than EGFP-beta4. We suggest that the stability of the interaction between alpha6beta4 and laminin-5 is influenced by the clustering of alpha6beta4 through the deposition of laminin-5 underneath the cells. This clustering ultimately determines whether alpha6beta4 will inhibit cell migration or not.
Accurate 3D reconstruction of complex blood vessel geometries from intravascular ultrasound images:<i>in vitro</i>study (2000)

We present a technique that accurately reconstructs complex three dimensional blood vessel geometry from 2D intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images. Biplane x-ray fluoroscopy is used to image the ultrasound catheter tip at a few key points along its path as the catheter is pulled through the blood vessel. An interpolating spline describes the continuous catheter path. The IVUS images are located orthogonal to the path, resulting in a non-uniform structured scalar volume of echo densities. Isocontour surfaces are used to view the vessel geometry, while transparency and clipping enable interactive exploration of interior structures. The two geometries studied are a bovine artery vascular graft having U-shape and a constriction, and a canine carotid artery having multiple branches and a constriction. Accuracy of the reconstructions is established by comparing the reconstructions to (1) silicone moulds of the vessel interior, (2) biplane x-ray images, and (3) the original echo images. Excellent shape and geometry correspondence was observed in both geometries. Quantitative measurements made at key locations of the 3D reconstructions also were in good agreement with those made in silicone moulds. The proposed technique is easily adoptable in clinical practice, since it uses x-rays with minimal exposure and existing IVUS technology.
Functional Genomic Analysis of the<i>AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR</i>Gene Family Members in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>: Unique and Overlapping Functions of<i>ARF7</i>and<i>ARF19</i>  (2005)

The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) gene family products, together with the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins, regulate auxin-mediated transcriptional activation/repression. The biological function(s) of most ARFs is poorly understood. Here, we report the identification and characterization of T-DNA insertion lines for 18 of the 23 ARF gene family members in Arabidopsis thaliana. Most of the lines fail to show an obvious growth phenotype except of the previously identified arf2/hss, arf3/ett, arf5/mp, and arf7/nph4 mutants, suggesting that there are functional redundancies among the ARF proteins. Subsequently, we generated double mutants. arf7 arf19 has a strong auxin-related phenotype not observed in the arf7 and arf19 single mutants, including severely impaired lateral root formation and abnormal gravitropism in both hypocotyl and root. Global gene expression analysis revealed that auxin-induced gene expression is severely impaired in the arf7 single and arf7 arf19 double mutants. For example, the expression of several genes, such as those encoding members of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES domain proteins and AUXIN-REGULATED GENE INVOLVED IN ORGAN SIZE, are disrupted in the double mutant. The data suggest that the ARF7 and ARF19 proteins play essential roles in auxin-mediated plant development by regulating both unique and partially overlapping sets of target genes. These observations provide molecular insight into the unique and overlapping functions of ARF gene family members in Arabidopsis.
A face-shear mode single crystal ultrasonic motor (2013)

We report a face-shear mode ultrasonic motor (USM) made of [011]c poled Zt ± 45° cut 0.24Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.46Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.30PbTiO3 single crystal, which takes advantage of the extremely large d36 = 2368 pC/N. This motor has a maximum no-load linear velocity of 182.5 mm/s and a maximum output force of 1.03 N under the drive of Vp = 50 V, f = 72 kHz. Compared with the k31 mode USM made of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), our USM has simpler structure, lower driving frequency, much higher electromechanical coupling factor, and twice power density. This USM can be used for low frequency operation as well as cryogenic actuation with a large torque.
E-Cigarettes: A Review of New Trends in Cannabis Use (2015)

The emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has given cannabis smokers a new method of inhaling cannabinoids. E-cigs differ from traditional marijuana cigarettes in several respects. First, it is assumed that vaporizing cannabinoids at lower temperatures is safer because it produces smaller amounts of toxic substances than the hot combustion of a marijuana cigarette. Recreational cannabis users can discretely "vape" deodorized cannabis extracts with minimal annoyance to the people around them and less chance of detection. There are nevertheless several drawbacks worth mentioning: although manufacturing commercial (or homemade) cannabinoid-enriched electronic liquids (e-liquids) requires lengthy, complex processing, some are readily on the Internet despite their lack of quality control, expiry date, and conditions of preservation and, above all, any toxicological and clinical assessment. Besides these safety problems, the regulatory situation surrounding e-liquids is often unclear. More simply ground cannabis flowering heads or concentrated, oily THC extracts (such as butane honey oil or BHO) can be vaped in specially designed, pen-sized marijuana vaporizers. Analysis of a commercial e-liquid rich in cannabidiol showed that it contained a smaller dose of active ingredient than advertised; testing our laboratory-made, purified BHO, however, confirmed that it could be vaped in an e-cig to deliver a psychoactive dose of THC. The health consequences specific to vaping these cannabis preparations remain largely unknown and speculative due to the absence of comprehensive, robust scientific studies. The most significant health concerns involve the vaping of cannabinoids by children and teenagers. E-cigs could provide an alternative gateway to cannabis use for young people. Furthermore, vaping cannabinoids could lead to environmental and passive contamination.
Footprints: history-rich web browsing (1997)

This established method can be applied to evaluate the intrinsic quality of the leaves of A. nitida.
Cloning, sequencing, and mutational analysis of the hyb operon encoding Escherichia coli hydrogenase 2 (1994)

The genes encoding the two structural subunits of Escherichia coli hydrogenase 2 (HYD2) have been cloned and sequenced. They occur in an operon (hyb) which contains seven open reading frames. An hyb deletion mutant (strain AP3) failed to grown on dihydrogen-fumarate medium and also produced very low levels of HYD1. All seven open reading frames are required for restoration of wild-type levels of active HYD2 in AP3. The hyb operon was mapped at 65 min on the E. coli chromosome.
Advanced drawing tools aid network planning (1997)

Network administrators can facilitate managing large, complex networks by using diagramming solutions. This article describes and discuses a variety of tools that are available to aid the design process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comparative Analysis of Virtual Machine Placement Techniques in the Cloud Environment (2016)

Cloud computing is a novel paradigm that aims to provision on-demand computing capacities as services. Virtualization is an important technology integrated in Cloud Computing. Mapping the virtual machines to the appropriate physical machines is called VM placement. The effectiveness and elasticity of virtual machine placement has become the main concern in cloud computing environments. Effective placement of virtual machines is important for optimization of computational resources and reduction of the probability of virtual machine reallocation. This paper provides a survey and brief analysis of some of the main VM Placement mechanism utilized in cloud computing.
Maintaining the integrity of filtration systems (2005)

Many filtration systems use integrity testing to guarantee the quality of treated products. With this in mind, Anthony Bennett, managing & technical director at Specialist Technical Solutions Ltd, investigates potable water production and the threat of Cryptosporidium, as well as illustrating the types of technology available to maintain pathogen and particle removal efficiency.
Identification of LIM3 as the principal determinant of paxillin focal adhesion localization and characterization of a novel motif on paxillin directing vinculin and focal adhesion kinase binding. (1996)

Paxillin is a 68-kD focal adhesion phosphoprotein that interacts with several proteins including members of the src family of tyrosine kinases, the transforming protein v-crk, and the cytoskeletal proteins vinculin and the tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK). This suggests a function for paxillin as a molecular adaptor, responsible for the recruitment of structural and signaling molecules to focal adhesions. The current study defines the vinculin- and FAK-interaction domains on paxillin and identifies the principal paxillin focal adhesion targeting motif. Using truncation and deletion mutagenesis, we have localized the vinculin-binding site on paxillin to a contiguous stretch of 21 amino acids spanning residues 143-164. In contrast, maximal binding of FAK to paxillin requires, in addition to the region of paxillin spanning amino acids 143-164, a carboxyl-terminal domain encompassing residues 265-313. These data demonstrate the presence of a single binding site for vinculin, and at least two binding sites for FAK that are separated by an intervening stretch of 100 amino acids. Vinculin- and FAK-binding activities within amino acids 143-164 were separable since mutation of amino acid 151 from a negatively charged glutamic acid to the uncharged polar residue glutamine (E151Q) reduced binding of vinculin to paxillin by >90%, with no reduction in the binding capacity for FAK. The requirement for focal adhesion targeting of the vinculin- and FAK-binding regions within paxillin was determined by transfection into CHO.K1 fibroblasts. Significantly and surprisingly, paxillin constructs containing both deletion and point mutations that abrogate binding of FAK and/or vinculin were found to target effectively to focal adhesions. Additionally, expression of the amino-terminal 313 amino acids of paxillin containing intact vinculin- and FAK-binding domains failed to target to focal adhesions. This indicated other regions of paxillin were functioning as focal adhesion localization motifs. The carboxyl-terminal half of paxillin (amino acids 313-559) contains four contiguous double zinc finger LIM domains. Transfection analyses of sequential carboxyl-terminal truncations of the four individual LIM motifs and site-directed mutagenesis of LIM domains 1, 2, and 3, as well as deletion mutagenesis, revealed that the principal mechanism of targeting paxillin to focal adhesions is through LIM3. These data demonstrate that paxillin localizes to focal adhesions independent of interactions with vinculin and/or FAK, and represents the first definitive demonstration of LIM domains functioning as a primary determinant of protein subcellular localization to focal adhesions.