gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain-Reactive Autoantibodies Prevalent in Human Sera Increase Intraneuronal Amyloid-β1-42 Deposition (2011)

Previous studies have reported immunoglobulin-positive neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, an observation indicative of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Recently, we demonstrated the nearly ubiquitous presence of brain-reactive autoantibodies in human sera. The significance of these observations to AD pathology is unknown. Here, we show that IgG-immunopositive neurons are abundant in brain regions exhibiting AD pathology, including intraneuronal amyloid-β(42) (Aβ(42)) and amyloid plaques, and confirm by western analysis that brain-reactive autoantibodies are nearly ubiquitous in human serum. To investigate a possible interrelationship between neuronal antibody binding and Aβ pathology, we tested the effects of human serum autoantibodies on the intraneuronal deposition of soluble Aβ(42) peptide in adult mouse neurons in vitro (organotypic brain slice cultures). Binding of human autoantibodies to mouse neurons dramatically increased the rate and extent of intraneuronal Aβ(42) accumulation in the mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, individual sera exhibited variable potency related to their capacity to enhance intraneuronal Aβ(42) peptide accumulation and immunolabel neurons in AD brain sections. Replacement of human sera with antibodies targeting abundant neuronal surface proteins resulted in a comparable enhancement of Aβ(42) accumulation in mouse neurons. Overall, results suggest that brain-reactive autoantibodies are ubiquitous in the blood and that a defective BBB allows these antibodies to access the brain interstitium, bind to neuronal surfaces and enhance intraneuronal deposition of Aβ(42) in AD brains. Thus, in the context of BBB compromise, brain-reactive autoantibodies may be an important risk factor for the initiation and/or progression of AD as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
Dual-Augmented Lagrangian Method for Efficient Sparse Reconstruction (2009)

We propose an efficient algorithm for sparse signal reconstruction problems. The proposed algorithm is an augmented Lagrangian method based on the dual problem. It is efficient when the number of unknown variables is much larger than the number of observations because of the dual formulation. Moreover, the primal variable is explicitly updated and the sparsity in the solution is exploited. Numerical comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms shows that the proposed algorithm is favorable when the design matrix is poorly conditioned or dense and very large.
A Short Review on Ni Based Catalysts and Related Engineering Issues for Methane Steam Reforming (2020)

Hydrogen is an important raw material in chemical industries, and the steam reforming of light hydrocarbons (such as methane) is the most used process for its production. In this process, the use of a catalyst is mandatory and, if compared to precious metal-based catalysts, Ni-based catalysts assure an acceptable high activity and a lower cost. The aim of a distributed hydrogen production, for example, through an on-site type hydrogen station, is only reachable if a novel reforming system is developed, with some unique properties that are not present in the large-scale reforming system. These properties include, among the others, (i) daily startup and shutdown (DSS) operation ability, (ii) rapid response to load fluctuation, (iii) compactness of device, and (iv) excellent thermal exchange. In this sense, the catalyst has an important role. There is vast amount of information in the literature regarding the performance of catalysts in methane steam reforming. In this short review, an overview on the most recent advances in Ni based catalysts for methane steam reforming is given, also regarding the use of innovative structured catalysts.
Biocompatible MOFs with high absolute quantum yield for bioimaging in the second near infrared window (2018)

Biocompatible mixed metal YbNd metal–organic frameworks are demonstrated to be highly efficient emitters in the second NIR window.
Nanomolar Potency and Metabolically Stable Inhibitors of Kidney Urea Transporter UT-B (2012)

Urea transporters, which include UT-B in kidney microvessels, are potential targets for development of drugs with a novel diuretic ('urearetic') mechanism. We recently identified, by high-throughput screening, a triazolothienopyrimidine UT-B inhibitor, 1, that selectively and reversibly inhibited urea transport with IC(50) = 25.1 nM and reduced urinary concentration in mice ( Yao et al. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , in press ). Here, we analyzed 273 commercially available analogues of 1 to establish a structure-activity series and synthesized a targeted library of 11 analogues to identify potent, metabolically stable UT-B inhibitors. The best compound, {3-[4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)benzenesulfonyl]thieno[2,3-e][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl}thiophen-2-ylmethylamine, 3k, had IC(50) of 23 and 15 nM for inhibition of urea transport by mouse and human UT-B, respectively, and ∼40-fold improved in vitro metabolic stability compared to 1. In mice, 3k accumulated in kidney and urine and reduced maximum urinary concentration. Triazolothienopyrimidines may be useful for therapy of diuretic-refractory edema in heart and liver failure.
Synthetic Studies on Selectin Ligands/Inhibitors: Synthesis and Inhibitory Activity of 2-<i>O</i>-Fucosyl Sulfatides Containing 2-Branched Fatty Alkyl Residues in Place of Ceramide (1998)

Abstract To investigate the biological selectin-ligand interactions, four sulfated 2-O-α-L-fucopyranosyl β-D-galactopyranosides containing 2-branched fatty-alkyl residues in place of ceramide have been systematically synthesized. The target glycolipids were assayed for their ability to block the adhesion of HL-60 cells to immobilized P-, L- and E-selectin. Among them, 2-O-α-L-fucopyranosyl sulfatide, which is anchored with 2-(tetradecyl) hexadecyl residue showed significantly more potency of the blocking adhesion to P- and L-selectins.
Light intensity and SNR improvement for high-resolution optical imaging via time multiplexed pinhole arrays (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel method for pinhole optics with variable pinhole arrays. The imaging system is based on a time multiplexing method using variable and moving pinhole arrays. The improved resolution and signal-to-noise ratio are achieved with improved light intensity in the same exposure time, compared with that of a one-pinhole system. This new configuration preserves the advantages of pinhole optics while solving the resolution limitation problem and the long exposure time of such systems. The system also can be used as an addition to several existing optical systems, which use visible and invisible light and x-ray systems.
HSP90 Inhibitor SNX5422/ 2112 Targets the Dysregulated Signal and Transcription Factor Network and Malignant Phenotype of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2013)

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a chaperone protein that stabilizes proteins involved in oncogenic and therapeutic resistance pathways of epithelial cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Here, we characterized the molecular, cellular, and preclinical activity of HSP90 inhibitor SNX5422/2112 in HNSCC overexpressing HSP90. SNX2112 inhibited proliferation, induced G2/M block, and enhanced cytotoxicity, chemosensitivity, and radiosensitivity between 25 and 250 nM in vitro. SNX2112 showed combinatorial activity with paclitaxel in wild-type (wt) TP53-deficient and cisplatin in mutant (mt) TP53 HNSCC lines. SNX2112 decreased expression or phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-MET, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2, inhibitor κB kinase, and signal transducer and transcription factor 3 (STAT3), corresponding downstream nuclear factor κB, activator protein-1, and STAT3 reporter genes, and target oncogenes and angiogenic cytokines. Furthermore, SNX2112 enhanced re-expression of TP53 and targets p21WAF1 and PUMA, while TP53 inhibitor Pifithrin or siRNA attenuated the antiproliferative activity of SNX2112 in wtTP53 HNSCC in vitro. Prodrug SNX5422 similarly down-modulated key signal targets, enhanced TP53 expression and apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis in a wtTP53-deficient HNSCC xenograft model. Thus, HSP90 inhibitor SNX5422/2112 broadly modulates multiple key nodes within the dysregulated signaling network, with corresponding effects upon the malignant phenotype. Our data support investigation of SNX5422/2112 in combination with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiotherapy in HNSCC with different TP53 status.
Push-Pull Frequency Modulated Circuit and its Application to Vibratory Systems (1946)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new push-pull frequency modulated circuit in which the push-pull action is accomplished by varying the resonant frequencies of both the oscillator and the discriminator in opposite phase relation to each other. Modulation of the oscillator and discriminator is achieved through the use of 2 capacitors with a common plate and arranged in a push-pull circuit. Thus, if the common plate is the moving element of a vibratory system, this circuit can be used for measuring vibrations or for monitoring purposes. — One of the applications of the push-pull FM circuit is to calibrate recording heads while cutting phonograph records. Using this calibrator, it is possible to measure, without mechanical or inductive coupling, the actual frequency response of the cutting head under normal load, and to observe the input-output characteristics as well as the amount of distortion. It is also possible to use it for monitoring while recording.
Time-Reversal Ground-Penetrating Radar: Range Estimation With Cramér–Rao Lower Bounds (2010)

In this paper, first, a new range-estimation technique using time reversal (TR) for ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) applications is presented. The estimator is referred to as the TR/GPR range estimator. The motivation for this paper comes from the need of accurately estimating the location of underground objects such as landmines or unexploded ordinance for safe clearance. Second, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the performance of the TR/GPR range estimator is derived and compared with the CRLB for the conventional matched filter (MF). The CRLB analysis shows that the TR/GPR range estimator has the potential to achieve higher accuracy in estimating the location of the target than that of the conventional MF estimator. Third, the proposed TR/GPR estimator is tested using finite-difference time-domain simulations, where the surface-based reflection GPR is modeled using an electromagnetic transverse-magnetic (TM) mode formulation. In our simulations, the TR/GPR estimator outperforms the conventional MF approach by up to 5-dB reduction in mean square error at signal-to-noise ratios ranging from -20 to 20 dB for dry-soil environments.
Morphology and electrostatics play active role in neuronal differentiation processes on flexible conducting substrates (2013)

This commentary discusses and summarizes the key highlights of our recently reported work entitled "Neuronal Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Neuronal Progenitors Can Be Regulated by Stretchable Conducting Polymers." The prospect of controlling the mechanical-rigidity and the surface conductance properties offers a unique combination for tailoring the growth and differentiation of neuronal cells. We emphasize the utility of transparent elastomeric substrates with coatings of electrically conducting polymer to realize the desired substrate-characteristics for cellular development processes. Our study showed that neuronal differentiation from ES cells is highly influenced by the specific substrates on which they are growing. Thus, our results provide a better strategy for regulated neuronal differentiation by using such functional conducting surfaces.
Exploitation of plant cells for the production of natural compounds (1982)

A four-step strategy is presented which allows the establishment of plant cell cultures producing high yields of secondary plant products. The application of suitable methods (radioimmunoassay, fluorescence screening) for the selection of overproducing differentiated plants and cell colonies is stressed. By precursor feeding and hormone application, plant cell cultures can greatly be influenced in their production behavior. A highly sensitive, selective regulatory mechanism for the uptake and storage of alkaloids in Catharanthus vacuoles is demonstrated. Overproducing variant cell strains are so far the most promising tool for the future biotechnological application of the plant cell culture method.
<b>Fast Thermal Breaking and Formation of a B–N Bond in 2‐(Aminomethyl)benzeneboronates<sup>1)</sup></b> (1981)

Abstract The Title compounds 1 to 6 (Table 1) are shown by 1 H, 11 B, and 15 N NMR shifts to fom an intramolecular B ‐ N bond which, according to 1 N and 13 C NMR, is frequently broken (δ G = 40 to 54 kJ/mol, Table 2) and re‐formed.
Effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone on complexation and dissolution rate of β- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes of celecoxib (2006)

Complexation of celecoxib with β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the presence and absence of polyvinylpyrrolidone and the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone on the solubilizing efficiency of cyclodextrins and on the dissolution rate of celecoxib from the cyclodextrin complexes were investigated. The phase solubility studies indicated the formation of celecoxib-β-cyclodextrin and celecoxib-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes at a 1:1 M ratio in solution, both in the presence and absence of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The complexes formed were quite stable. The solubility and dissolution rate of celecoxib were markedly enhanced by complexation with β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Celecoxib-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1:2) inclusion complex gave a 36.57-fold increase in the dissolution rate of celecoxib. Addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone resulted in higher complexation efficiency and markedly enhanced solubilizing efficiency of β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Solid inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins with polyvinylpyrrolidone gave several times higher rates of dissolution than those of celecoxib and its complexes with cyclodextrins alone.
Gene deletions in X-linked muscular dystrophy. (1989)

Of the approximately 170 families with X-linked muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) type in Finland, we have studied 90 unrelated patients for intragenic deletions by using the cDNA probes described by Koenig et al. Forty-five patients (50%) had molecular deletions of one or several of the 65 exon-containing HindIII fragments. In six deletion cases junction fragments of altered size were seen. Thirty-eight (84%) of the 45 deletions were detected using only two (1-2a and 8) of the six cDNA subclones. Using a wheelchair age of 12 years to distinguish between DMD and BMD, we found that the proportions of patients with deletions were similar. Deletions were equally common in familial and sporadic disease. BMD was more commonly caused by deletions in the 5' end of the gene than was DMD. In at least three instances deletions of similar type resulted in diseases of similar severity. Of 14 patients with mental retardation seven had deletions; six of these comprised exons contained in probe 8. We conclude that cDNA hybridization studies provide a powerful diagnostic tool in DMD and BMD and that they promise to produce better insights into molecular-clinical correlations.
Development of Synthetic and Natural Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications Using Adipose Stem Cells (2016)

Adipose stem cells have prominent implications in tissue regeneration due to their abundance and relative ease of harvest from adipose tissue and their abilities to differentiate into mature cells of various tissue lineages and secrete various growth cytokines. Development of tissue engineering techniques in combination with various carrier scaffolds and adipose stem cells offers great potential in overcoming the existing limitations constraining classical approaches used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, as most tissue engineering techniques are new and highly experimental, there are still many practical challenges that must be overcome before laboratory research can lead to large-scale clinical applications. Tissue engineering is currently a growing field of medical research; in this review, we will discuss the progress in research on biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering applications using adipose stem cells.
Multi-aspect grasp index for robotic arms (2011)

In this paper, a new Multi-Aspect Grasp (MAG) performance index is presented for evaluating grasp quality during an object manipulation task. The position of grasp points, the configuration of cooperative manipulators, and the kinetic aspects of manipulating arms and the grasped object are considered in the MAG index. The MAG index is used to evaluate the candidate points to choose the best grasp point and to select the most effective branch of the inverse kinematics solution, with respect to the given task. Simulation results, which are validated with analytical solutions, show the merits of the proposed index. According to these results, the MAG index indicates that in planar object manipulation tasks without rotation, the best grasp point is the object center of the mass, which is physically meaningful.
The screening and identification of pathogenic related genes of aortic dissection (2010)

Objective To screen the differentially expressed genes between the aorta from acute type B aortic dissections with those from normal controls and search the genes related to the pathogenesis of this disease.Methods From Sep.2005 to Feb.2008,six descending aorta specimens from patients with a-cute Stanford B dissection were taken during surgery;six normal descending aorta specimens were gotten from multi-organ donors.The gene expression profiles between two groups were compared with 6 pieces of Phalanx Whote Genome Micmarray.The data were analyzed with several professional data processing software and ouline websites.Quantitative real time pelymerase chsin reaction(Real time PCR)Was used to check the reliability of this data.Results Totally 6375 genes were valid in this experiment.Of those,670 genes were difierentially expressed in dissected and control aorta.21 8 ones were up-regulated.and 452 ones were down.regulated.Fourteen ones were related to cell.eell adhesion:12 genes to the generation of extra-cellular matrix components;4 genes to cell-matrix adhesion;14 genes to cytoskeleton formation;10 genes to immune and inflammatory response;10 genes to collagen production;12 genes to cell apoptosis.The genes including PKD1,PKD2,SPP1,COL1A1,COL3A1.COL6A2 and ACTC were verified by Real time PCR test.Conclusion The result demonstrated the complexity of the dissecting process on a molecular level.Some of these difierentially expressed genes probably resulted in the development of aortic dissection finally.

Key words: 
Aortic dissection;  Gene;  Microarray real time PCR;  Etiology
Automated vibrational design and natural frequency tuning of multi-material structures (2014)

Natural frequency tuning is a vital engineering problem. Every structure has natural frequencies, where vibrational loading at nearby frequencies excite the structure. This causes the structure to resonate, oscillating until energy is dissipated through friction or structural failure. Examples of fragility and distress from vibrational loading include civil structures during earthquakes or aircraft rotor blades. Tuning the structure's natural frequencies away from these vibrations increases the structure's robustness. Conversely, tuning towards the frequencies caused by vibrations can channel power into energy harvesting systems. Despite its importance, natural frequency tuning is often performed ad-hoc, by attaching external vibrational absorbers to a structure. This is usually adequate only for the lowest ("fundamental") resonant frequencies, yet remains standard practice due to the unintuitive and difficult nature of the problem. Given Evolutionary Algorithms' (EA's) ability to solve these types of problems, we propose to approach this problem with the EA CPPN-NEAT to evolve multi-material structures which resonate at multiple desired natural frequencies without external damping. The EA assigns the material type of each voxel within the discretized space of the object's existing topology, preserving the object's shape and using only its material composition to shape its frequency response.
Metalloporphyrin chloride ionophores: induction of increased anion permeability in lung epithelial cells (1996)

5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese (III) chloride [TPPMn(III)] is a positively charged lipophilic anion carrier that is widely used as a Cl- sensor. TPPMn(III) increased anion permeability of cultured mouse lung epithelial (MLE) cells as measured by short-circuit current (ISC) to a level similar to that induced by forskolin analogues. Anion permeability was also studied in cultured human lung epithelial (A549) cells by measurement of the rates of change of fluorescence of the anion sensitive fluorescent dye, 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ). In these studies, cells were incubated with SPQ in SO2-4- medium, washed free of extracellular SPQ, and then perfused with medium containing anions that are known to quench SPQ fluorescence. The effect of TPPMn(III) on anion transport was then determined either microscopically in single cell studies or using cell monolayers mounted in a front face fluorimeter. TPPMn(III) in the range from 1 to 100 micrograms/ml induced a dose-dependent increase in Br- transport. The half-maximal quenching effect was estimated to be approximate 5 micrograms/ml. TPPMn(III) increased the rates of fluorescence quench of anions by up to fourfold. TPPMn(III) was without effect on -Ca2+-i level in A549 cells as measured with fura 2-AM. This indicates that TPPMn(III) effects were not mediated through effects on Ca+2 -activated Cl- channels, or by compromise of energy metabolism or membrane integrity of the cells. This study suggests that TPPMn(III) and, by extension, other lipophilic Mn(III) or Co(III) derivatives wherein the selectivity of lipophilicity is altered, could increase the anion permeability of biological membranes, and suggests a new approach for treatment of diseases such as cystic fibrosis, where transport of Cl- is defective.