gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Crosscurrents in second language acquisition and linguistic theories</b> . (Language acquisition and language disorders, 2.) Ed. by Thom Huebner and Charles A. Ferguson Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1991. Pp. vii, 435. $130.00. (1993)

1. Preface 2. I. Overview 3. Second language acquisition: litmus test for linguistic theory? (by Huebner, Thom) 4. Recent trends in syntactic theory (by Sells, Peter) 5. Typology/universals and second language acquisition (by Greenberg, Joseph H.) 6. II. From Theories to Hypothesis Testing 7. Prosodic phonology: second language acquisition data as evidence in theoretical phonology (by Vogel, Irene) 8. Natural morphology: the organization of paradigms and language acquisition (by Bybee, Joan L.) 9. Typological text analysis: tense and aspects in creoles and second languages (by Myhill, John) 10. Relational grammar: L2 learning and the components of L1 knowledge (by Rosen, Carol) 11. Government-binding: parameter-setting in second language acquisition and implications for theoretical linguistics (by Klein, Wolfgang) 12. Functionalist linguistics: discourse structure and language processing in second language acquisition (by Cooreman, Ann) 13. Variation theory: implicational scaling and critical age limits in models of linguistic variation, acquisition and change (by Rickford, John R.) 14. III. From Data to Model Building 15. Perception and production: the relevance of phonetic input to L2 phonological learning (by Flege, James Emil) 16. The teaching of intonation: classroom experiences to theoretical models (by Cessaris, Ann C.) 17. Developmental sequences: the emergence of aspect marking in second language acquisition (by Andersen, Roger W.) 18. Cross-generational bilingualism: theoretical implications of language attrition (by Silva-Corvalan, Carmen) 19. Modality and second language learning: a challenge for linguistic theory (by Dittmar, Norbert) 20. Narrative and description: temporal reference in second language acquisition (by Stutterheim, Christiane von) 21. Cross-linguistic comparisons: organizational principles in learner languages (by Perdue, Clive) 22. IV. Conclusions 23. Currents between second language acquisition and linguistic theory (by Ferguson, Charles A.)
A Quantitative Study of Heat Labile Sulfides of Milk. I. Method of Determination and the Influence of Temperature and Time (1943)

Studies on the heat volatile sulfides of milk have assumed especial importance since relatively recent work has been reported indicating that the liberation of these sulfides and the formation of sulfhydryl groups may be closely allied with the production of the cooked flavor The results secured in these various sulfide studies have been based largely on qualitative determinations. Therefore, it was for the purpose of securing quantitative data dealing with (a) the heat labile sulfides of milk and milk products and (b) with the factors influencing these sulfides that the experiments reported in this series of papers were conducted.
Routing Framework for All-Optical DWDM Metro and Long-Haul Transport Networks With Sparse Wavelength Conversion Capabilities (2004)

In this paper, we propose a novel routing framework for all-optical dense wavelength-division-multiplexing transport networks with sparse wavelength conversion capabilities. The routing framework includes an integer linear programming formulation to handle the static lightpath establishment problem and a novel open shortest path first protocol extension that advertises the availability of wavelength usage and wavelength conversion resources. Our routing framework addresses the limitations of the extensions presented in the literature because it also includes: 1) an efficient flooding protocol that is suitable for the dynamic nature of these networks and 2) an efficient route and wavelength computation engine that minimizes connection costs without hindering the blocking probability.
Immunotherapy with Autologous, Human Dendritic Cells Transfected with Carcinoembryonic Antigen mRNA (2003)

Immunizations with dendritic cells (DC) transfected with RNA encoding tumor antigens induce potent tumor antigen-specific immune responses in vitro and in murine models. We performed a phase I study of patients with advanced carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing malignancies followed by a phase II study of patients with resected hepatic metastases of colon cancer to assess safety and feasibility of administering autologous DC loaded with CEA mRNA. The immunizations were well tolerated. Of the 24 evaluable patients in the dose-escalation phase, there was 1 complete response (by tumor marker), 2 minor responses, 3 with stable disease, and 18 with progressive disease. In the phase II study, 9 of 13 patients have relapsed at a median of 122 days. Evidence of an immunologic response was demonstrated in biopsies of DC injection sites and peripheral blood of selected patients. We conclude that it is feasible and safe to administer mRNA-loaded DC to patients with advanced malignancies.
A signal filtering method for improved quantification and noise discrimination in fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data (2009)

Direct-infusion electrospray-ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DI ESI FT-ICR MS) is increasingly being utilized in metabolomics, including the high sensitivity selected ion monitoring (SIM)-stitching approach. Accurate signal quantification and the discrimination of real signals from noise remain major challenges for this approach, with both adversely affected by factors including ion suppression during electrospray, ion-ion interactions in the detector cell, and thermally-induced white noise. This is particularly problematic for complex mixture analysis where hundreds of metabolites are present near the noise level. Here we address relative signal quantification and noise discrimination issues in SIM-stitched DI ESI FT-ICR MS-based metabolomics. Using liver tissue, we first optimized the number of scans (n) acquired per SIM window to address the balance between quantification accuracy versus acquisition time (and thus sample throughput); a minimum of n = 5 is recommended. Secondly, we characterized and computationally-corrected an effect whereby an ion's intensity is dependent upon its location within a SIM window, exhibiting a 3-fold higher intensity at the high m/z end. This resulted in significantly improved quantification accuracy. Finally, we thoroughly characterized a three-stage filter to discriminate noise from real signals, which comprised a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) hard threshold, then a "replicate" filter (retaining only peaks in r-out-of-3 replicate analyses), and then a "sample" filter (retaining only peaks in >s% of biological samples). We document the benefits of three-stage filtering versus one- and two-stage filters, and show the importance of selecting filter parameters that balance the confidence that a signal is real versus the total number of peaks detected.
Enhancing the Use of Crop Genetic Diversity to Manage Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Production Systems, eds D. Jarvis, I. Mar & L. Sears. 97 pp. Rome, Italy: IPGRI (2006).US$ 20.00 (Paperback) ISBN 92 9043 722 7 (2007)

Enhancing the Use of Crop Genetic Diversity to Manage Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Production Systems, eds D. Jarvis, I. Mar & L. Sears. 97 pp. Rome, Italy: IPGRI (2006).US$ 20.00 (Paperback) ISBN 92 9043 722 7 - Volume 146 Issue 1
Modelling the MSC/VLR processing load due to mobility management (2002)

The number of cellular subscribers experiences an exponential increase all over the world. Therefore, telecommunication network operators must deal with a population of subscribers who are more and more mobile. This has as a consequence that telecommunication networks manage a growing amount of traffic and processing due to the mobility management of the subscribers. Dimensioning the mobile switching center has been done for a long time by only considering the user traffic (i.e. traffic related to the telephone service). Because mobility management generates a large amount of signalling and processing, it is now more and more necessary to take the mobility aspects into account when dimensioning and planning a cellular network. In this paper, we focus on the impact of the mobility management on the mobile switching center. We define a list of parameters to take into account for this aim and estimate the overhead (in terms of traffic and processing) due to the management of the subscribers mobility. We take the GSM system as framework and focus on the MSC/VLR entity.
Comparative gene expression analysis of blood and brain provides concurrent validation of <i>SELENBP1</i> up-regulation in schizophrenia (2005)

Microarray techniques hold great promise for identifying risk factors for schizophrenia (SZ) but have not yet generated widely reproducible results due to methodological differences between studies and the high risk of type I inferential errors. Here we established a protocol for conservative analysis and interpretation of gene expression data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of SZ patients using statistical and bioinformatic methods that limit false positives. We also compared brain gene expression profiles with those from peripheral blood cells of a separate sample of SZ patients to identify disease-associated genes that generalize across tissues and populations and further substantiate the use of gene expression profiling of blood for detecting valid SZ biomarkers. Implementing this systematic approach, we: (i) discovered 177 putative SZ risk genes in brain, 28 of which map to linked chromosomal loci; (ii) delineated six biological processes and 12 molecular functions that may be particularly disrupted in the illness; (iii) identified 123 putative SZ biomarkers in blood, 6 of which (BTG1, GSK3A, HLA-DRB1, HNRPA3, SELENBP1, and SFRS1) had corresponding differential expression in brain; (iv) verified the differential expression of the strongest candidate SZ biomarker (SELENBP1) in blood; and (v) demonstrated neuronal and glial expression of SELENBP1 protein in brain. The continued application of this approach in other brain regions and populations should facilitate the discovery of highly reliable and reproducible candidate risk genes and biomarkers for SZ. The identification of valid peripheral biomarkers for SZ may ultimately facilitate early identification, intervention, and prevention efforts as well.
SPARC, a Matricellular Glycoprotein with Important Biological Functions (1999)

SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) is a unique matricellular glycoprotein that is expressed by many different types of cells and is associated with development, remodeling, cell turnover, and tissue repair. Its principal functions in vitro are counteradhesion and antiproliferation, which proceed via different signaling pathways. SPARC consists of three domains, each of which has independent activity and unique properties. The extracellular calcium binding module and the follistatin-like module have been recently crystallized. Specific interactions between SPARC and growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and cell surface proteins contribute to the diverse activities described for SPARC in vivo and in vitro. The location of SPARC in the nuclear matrix of certain proliferating cells, but only in the cytosol of postmitotic neurons, indicates potential functions of SPARC as a nuclear protein, which might be involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and mitosis. High levels of SPARC have been found in adult eye, and SPARC-null mice exhibit cataracts at 1-2 months of age. This animal model provides an excellent opportunity to confirm and explore some of the properties of SPARC, to investigate cataractogenesis, and to study SPARC-related family proteins, e.g., SC1/hevin, a counteradhesive matricellular protein that might functionally compensate for SPARC in certain tissues.(J Histochem Cytochem 47:1495-1505, 1999)
Optimal single-band normal-incidence antireflection coatings (1996)

Mathematical and computational evidence that strongly suggests that optimal solutions exist to single-band, normal-incidence antireflection coating problems is presented. It is shown that efficient synthesis and refinement techniques can quickly and accurately find such solutions. Several visible and infrared antireflection coating examples are presented to support this claim. Graphs that show the expected optimal performance for different representative substrates, refractive-index ratios, wavelength ranges, and overall optical thickness combinations are given. Typical designs exhibit a pronounced semiperiodic clustering of layers, which has also been observed in the past. Explanations of this phenomenon are proposed.
Using XML with ASP (2003)

It seems that every day a new product comes out with X in the name — Windows XP, Mac OS X (yes, I know it means 10 here, but it's still an X) and Dreamweaver MX. XML (or Extensible Markup Language) will certainly be new to some, but it has been around for a while now.
Tastes and Odors: The Flavor Profile Method (1985)

Flavor profile analyses have been used by The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California to assist in detecting, controlling, and understanding off‐flavors in drinking water. This method has proved to be better than the traditional threshold odor number determination. A flavor profile panel has been selected and trained in the method, and a library of reference materials has been developed. Applications have included assessments of: earthy flavors caused by geosmin and 2‐methylisobomeol (microbiological metabolites); differences in waters disinfected with chlorine and chloramines; and medicinal off‐flavors in finished waters.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Amur sturgeon (<i>Acipenser schrenckii</i>) (2013)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) was determined in this study. The mitogenome is 16,684 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions (the control region and the putative origin of the light strand replication) with a typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is 30.07% for A, 29.36% for C, 16.44% for G and 24.13% for T, with a slight AT bias of 54.20%.
F 15845 inhibits persistent sodium current in the heart and prevents angina in animal models (2009)

Background and purpose: Activation of the persistent sodium current in ischaemic myocardium results in calcium overload which is toxic for the cardiomyocyte. Thus, the activity of 3‐(R)‐[3‐(2‐methoxyphenylthio‐2‐(S)‐methylpropyl]amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,5 benzoxathiepine bromhydrate (F 15845), a new selective persistent sodium current blocker, in protecting against the effects of cardiac ischaemia was examined, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Experimental approach: Electrophysiological studies using patch‐clamp and conventional microlelectrode techniques, isolated perfused hearts and models of angina in anaesthetized animals were used to assess the protection afforded by F 15845 against ischaemia‐induced changes. Key results: F 15845 reduced the persistent sodium current activated by veratridine (IC 50 1.58 × 10 −6 mol·L −1 ). F 15845 blocked voltage‐gated human cardiac sodium channels in a novel, voltage‐dependent manner, selectively affecting steady‐state inactivation. F 15845 did not affect action potential shape and basal function of guinea pig isolated perfused hearts but did reduce ischaemia‐induced diastolic contracture in this model (IC 50 0.64 × 10 −6 mol·L −1 ). In rabbits, F 15845 given i.v. (ED 50 0.05 mg·kg −1 ) or orally (ED 50 0.13 mg·kg −1 ) dose‐dependently and powerfully inhibited regional myocardial ischaemia‐induced ST segment elevation in the absence of haemodynamic effects, implying direct cardiac activity. In dogs, F 15845 dose‐dependently inhibited epicardial ST segment changes (70 ± 8% at 0.63 mg·kg −1 ) in an experimental angina model of demand ischaemia, again without haemodynamic effects, confirming a direct anti‐anginal activity. Conclusions and implications: F 15845 is a selective, potent blocker of the persistent sodium current, generated by the human Na v 1.5 channel isoforms, and prevents cardiac angina in animal models.
Theory and Observations of Controls on Lightning Flash Size Spectra (2013)

Abstract Previous analyses of very high frequency (VHF) Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) observations relative to the location of deep convective updrafts have noted a systematic pattern in flash characteristics. In and near strong updrafts, flashes tend to be smaller and more frequent, while flashes far from strong vertical drafts exhibit the opposite tendency. This study quantitatively tests these past anecdotal observations using LMA data for two supercell storms that occurred in Oklahoma in 2004. The data support a prediction from electrostatics that frequent breakdown and large flash extents are opposed. An energetic scaling that combines flash rate and flash area exhibits a power-law scaling regime on scales of a few kilometers and a maximum in flash energy at about 10 km. The spectral shape is surprisingly consistent across a range of moderate to large flash rates. The shape of this lightning flash energy spectrum is similar to that expected of turbulent kinetic energy spectra in thunderstorms. In line with the hypothesized role of convective motions as the generator of thunderstorm electrical energy, the correspondence between kinematic and electrical energy spectra suggests that advection of charge-bearing precipitation by the storm’s flow, including in turbulent eddies, couples the electrical and kinematic properties of a thunderstorm.
Self-Adaptive Authorization Framework for Policy Based RBAC/ABAC Models (2011)

Authorization systems are an integral part of any network where resources need to be protected. They act as the gateway for providing (or denying) subjects (users) access to resources. As networks expand and organisations start to federate access to their resources, authorization infrastructures become increasingly difficult to manage. In this paper, we explore the potential of self-adaptive authorization as a means to automate the management of the access control configuration. We propose a Self-Adaptive Authorization Framework (SAAF) that is capable of managing any policy based distributed RBAC/ABAC authorization infrastructure. SAAF relies on a feedback control loop to monitor decisions (by policy decision points) of a target authorization infrastructure. These decisions are analysed to form a view of the subject's behaviour to decide whether to adapt the target authorization infrastructure. Adaptations are made in order to either endorse or restrict the identified behaviour, e.g. by loosening or tightening the current authorization policy. We demonstrate in terms of representative scenarios SAAF's ability for detecting abnormal behaviour, such as, misuse of access to system resources, proposing solutions that either prevent/endorse such behaviour, applying a cost function to each of these solutions, and executing the adaptive changes against a target authorization infrastructure.
Comparative Susceptibility of Mosquito Species and Strains to Oral and Parenteral Infection with Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses (1985)

Thirty-four strains of Asian and Pacific mosquitoes belonging to 22 species of 7 genera were compared for oral and/or parenteral susceptibility to infection with 1 or more strains of each of the 4 dengue serotypes. Surprisingly, several species of common man-biting Aedes were much more susceptible to oral infection with each of the 4 dengue serotypes than was Aedes aegypti. These species included Aedes albopictus and members of the scutellaris group of the subgenus Stegomyia found on South Pacific islands. Mosquito strains and species relatively susceptible to 1 dengue serotype usually were relatively susceptible to the others also. Almost all species of Aedes tested were uniformly susceptible to parenteral infection with the dengue viruses but, with the exception of a species of Tripteroides, species of all other genera were comparatively resistant to that mode of infection. Dengue viruses usually replicated to about the same extent in orally-infected mosquitoes as they did in parenterally-infected specimens of the same species. Seventeen species of mosquitoes of 7 genera also were tested for parenteral susceptibility to infection with Japanese encephalitis virus. With the possible exception of 2 species of Anopheles, the virus replicated to about the same degree in all species tested and achieved levels considerably higher than did any of the dengue viruses in the same mosquito strain and species held under the same conditions.
LR1, a lipopolysaccharide-responsive factor with binding sites in the immunoglobulin switch regions and heavy-chain enhancer. (1991)

In nuclear extracts of primary murine B lymphocytes cultured with LPS we have identified an inducible DNA-binding activity that is a candidate regulator of isotype-switch recombination. This LPS-responsive factor, which we refer to as LR1, is induced in LPS-cultured primary cells with kinetics that parallel isotype-switch recombination. LR1 binds sequences from the S gamma 1, S gamma 3, and S alpha switch regions, as well as the heavy-chain enhancer, and these binding sites define a consensus that occurs in each of the murine switch regions. LR1 activity is present in pre-B and B-cell lines but absent from primary B cells that have not been cultured with mitogen and from highly differentiated B-cell lines. LR1-binding activity depends on phosphorylation and is lost following incubation of nuclear extracts with acid phosphatase. The LPS inducibility and phosphorylation dependence of LR1 activity suggest that this factor monitors kinase-dependent events in cell development and communicates them to the chromosome. The locations of its binding sites and the kinetics of its induction are consistent with a role for LR1 in regulation of isotype switching.
<i>In Vitro</i> Bone Formation Induced by Immunosuppressive Agent Tacrolimus Hydrate (FK506) (2005)

When rat bone marrow cells were cultured with an immunosuppressive agent, tacrolimus hydrate (FK506), as well as with beta-glycerophosphate and vitamin C, numerous cell clusters became positive for alkaline phosphatase activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed mineralized bone matrix in the cell clusters, which was identical to that of living bone. High levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), indicating osteoblastic activity, and high levels of osteocalcin (Oc) and calcium were found in the mature bone matrix of the cultures. There was significantly increased expression of mRNAs for ALP and Oc. These results indicate that the cultures contained both bone matrix and high osteoblastic activity, suggesting that FK506 induces ossification.