gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature Lasing Characteristics of Bend and Branch in Photonic Crystal Waveguide (2003)

This paper describes semiconductor lasers that utilize bends and branches in a photonic crystal line defect waveguide as microcavities. Although the bends and branches are not completely surrounded by photonic crystal mirrors, they maintain a well-localized resonant mode as in a closed microcavity. In an experiment, devices fabricated into a GaInAsP slab were photopumped under a pulsed condition at room temperature, and lasing was observed with a threshold irradiated power of 1.0–2.5 mW. It was also observed in the experiment and a theory that lasing wavelengths at the bends and the branch are longer than those at a straight waveguide. This result indicates that the bends and the branch resonate at a cutoff frequency, while the straight waveguide resonates at the photonic band-edge.
Anion‐Free Bambus[6]uril and Its Supramolecular Properties (2011)

Methods for the preparation of anion-free bambus[6]uril (BU6) are presented. They are based on the oxidation of iodide anion, which is bound inside the macrocycle, utilizing dark oxidation by hydrogen peroxide or photooxidation in the presence of titanium dioxide. Anion-free BU6 was found to be insoluble in any of the investigated solvents; however, it dissolves in methanol/chloroform (1:1) or acetonitrile/water (1:1) mixtures in the presence of the tetrabutylammonium salt of a suitable anion. The association constants with halide ions, BF(4)(-), NO(3)(-), and CN(-), were measured by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The highest association constant (8.9×10(5) M(-1)) was found for the 1:1 complex of BU6 with I(-) in acetonitrile/water mixture. A number of crystal structures of BU6 complexes with various anions were obtained. The influence of the anion size on the macrocycle diameter is discussed together with an unusual arrangement of the macrocycles into separate layers.
Only to connect (2009)

This article provides an example of the contribution a systems psychodynamic approach can make to action research. Drawing from a case study of a complex inter-organizational project, the authors argue that the concept of 'communicative space' requires consideration of affectivity, and the holding of an emotional space for people to connect symbiotically with each other. The case material illustrates how system pressures were having the opposite effect on stakeholders ― shrinking their involvement, displacing feelings into silent resentment and 'closing down' communication so that interpersonal relations were shallow. The article shows how the heedful use of systems psychodynamic theory can help the action researcher create an emotional disposition which itself then supports the emergence of communicative space. The mutuality generated using this approach becomes the medium through which the parties can explore the system they are seeking to understand and, in so doing, create the human links on which system functionality depends.
Digital image fusion systems: color imaging and low-light targets (2009)

This paper presents digital image fusion (enhanced A+B) systems in color imaging and low light target applications. This paper will discuss first the digital sensors that are utilized in the noted image fusion applications which is a 1900x1086 (high definition format) CMOS imager coupled to a Generation III image intensifier for the visible/near infrared (NIR) digital sensor and 320x240 or 640x480 uncooled microbolometer thermal imager for the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) digital sensor. Performance metrics for these digital imaging sensors will be presented. The digital image fusion (enhanced A+B) process will be presented in context of early fused night vision systems such as the digital image fused system (DIFS) and the digital enhanced night vision goggle and later, the long range digitally fused night vision sighting system. Next, this paper will discuss the effects of user display color in a dual color digital image fusion system. Dual color image fusion schemes such as Green/Red, Cyan/Yellow, and White/Blue for image intensifier and thermal infrared sensor color representation, respectively, are discussed. Finally, this paper will present digitally fused imagery and image analysis of long distance targets in low light from these digital fused systems. The result of this image analysis with enhanced A+B digital image fusion systems is that maximum contrast and spatial resolution is achieved in a digital fusion mode as compared to individual sensor modalities in low light, long distance imaging applications. Paper has been cleared by DoD/OSR for Public Release under Ref: 08-S-2183 on August 8, 2008.
Accelerating control-flow intensive code in spatial hardware (2021)

Designers are increasingly utilizing spatial (e.g. custom and reconfigurable) architectures to improve both efficiency and performance in increasingly heterogeneous systems-on-chip. Unfortunately, while such architectures can provide orders of magnitude better efficiency and performance on numeric applications, they exhibit poor performance when implementing sequential, control-flow intensive code. This thesis studies the problem of improving sequential code performance in spatial hardware without sacrificing its inherent efficiency advantage. I propose (a) switching from a statically scheduled to a dynamically scheduled, dataflow execution model, and (b) utilizing a newly developed compiler intermediate representation (IR) designed to expose ILP in spatial hardware, even in the presence of complex control flow. I describe this new IR – the Value State Flow Graph (VSFG) – and how it statically exposes ILP from control-flow intensive code by enabling control-dependence analysis, execution along multiple flows of control, as well as aggressive control-flow speculation. I also present a High-Level Synthesis (HLS) toolchain, that compiles unmodified high-level language code to dataflow custom hardware, via the LLVM compiler infrastructure. I show that for control-flow intensive code, VSFG-based custom hardware performance approaches, or even exceeds the performance of a complex superscalar processor, while consuming only 1/4x the energy of an efficient in-order processor, and 1/8x that of a complex out-of-order processor. I also present a discussion of compile-time optimizations that may be attempted to further improve both efficiency and performance for VSFG-based hardware, including using alias analysis to statically partition and parallelize memory operations. This work demonstrates that it is possible to use custom and/or reconfigurable hardware in heterogeneous systems to improve the efficiency of frequently executed sequential code, without compromising performance relative to an energy inefficient out-of-order superscalar processor.
Radical Ions of Cycloparaphenylenes: Size Dependence Contrary to the Neutral Molecules (2014)

Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) have attracted wide attention because of their interesting properties owing to distorted and strained aromatic systems and radially oriented p orbitals. For application of CPPs, information on their charged states (radical cation and radical anion) is essential. Here, we measured absorption spectra of the radical cations and the radical anions of CPPs with various ring sizes over a wide spectral region by means of radiation chemical methods. The peak position of the near-IR bands for both the radical cation and the radical anion shifted to lower energies with an increase in the ring size. This trend is contrary to what is observed for transitions between the HOMO and LUMO of the neutral CPP. The observed spectra of the CPP radical ions were reasonably assigned based on time-dependent density functional theory. These results indicate that the next HOMO and the next LUMO levels are important in the electronic transitions of radical ions.
Repartição do Habitat entre Psitacídeos Simpátricos no Sul da Amazônia (1984)

Estudaram-se de agosto de 1977 a junho de 1979 16 espécies de Psitacídeos na região do Núcleo Pioneiro Humboldt (10019' S, 590 12' W), alto rio Aripuanã, MT, Brasil. Verificou-se que diferentes tamanhos de corpo e peso dão acesso a espectros alimentares diferentes. Com respeito ao peso, as 16 espécies podem ser divididas em quatro grupos:55 até 110g: Tuit huetii, Pyrrhura picta, Brotogeris chrysopterus, Pyrrhura rhodogaster, Aratinga weddellii.140 até 300g: Aratinga leucophthalmus, Pionopsitta barrabandi, Pionus menstruus, Deroptyus accipitrinus.360 até 600g: Ara severa, Ara manilata, Amazona ochrocephala, Amazona farinosa.950 até 1350g: Ara ararauna, Ara macao, Ara chloroptera.As estratégias alimentares variam dentro de cada grupo de peso: Ara manilata é especialista puro, Tuit huetti, Brotogeris chrysopterus, Pionopsitta barrabandi, Ara severa e Ara ararauna são especialistas parciais. Os especialistas parciais têm bicos relativamente compridos e estreitos. Com respeito às proporções do bico, Brotogerischrysopterus é mais especializado do que Tuit huetii no mesmo grupo de peso.As espécies muito próximas morfologicamente, como Ara chloroptera e Ara macao ou Pyrruhura rhodogaster e Pyrrhura picta, podem ser reconhecidas principalmente pelo modo com que exploram o habitat. Ara chloroptera se encontra nas estratos superiores da floresta, junto às copas de árvores muito altas, com maior freqüência do que Ara macao. Pyrrhura rhodogaster visita mais freqüentemente matas densas e vegetação secundária do que Pyrrhura picta. Diferenças sazonais de abundância e épocas diferentes de reprodução separam as duas espécies de Amazona. Amazona ochrocephala é mais comum e inclusive cria os seus filhotes na época seca, enquanto que Amazona farinosa reproduz e se torna mais comum na época chuvosa.
THE INDEX OF AMPLITUDE OF BEHAVIOR AS A MEASURING INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL ABILITY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN (1997)

In order to assess the developmental validity of the Index of Amplitude of Beha- vior (IAB) as a measuring instrument of social ability in preschool children, the varia- tion of this index was studied during an academic year in an Andalusian school. The so- cial behavior of 31 preschool children (aged five) was observed during free play period and a measure of IAB for each subject was calculated chronologically through the who- le study period. According to the data obtained in this study, 300 seconds of observation is a sufficient period of time to reliably estimate the Index of Amplitude of Behavior of a subject. An adjustment of the values of the IAB of each individual towards the mean of the IAB of all the individuals of the group was detected. This suggests that the Index of Amplitude of Behavior could be considered not only as a measuring instrument of so- cial ability, but also an useful tool to explore the effects of peer-groups in socialization
Tantric Buddhist Art: Through an Integral Lens (2018)

Tantric Buddhist art is a very diverse and unique form of art. Its main goals are to reveal the nature of reality by showing the perceiver that there is a more expansive and actualized being than the one currently experienced. In this way it shares many similarities with religious art, but puts its own special non-dual twist on religious art that will engage and surprise the reader.
Regulation of Multi-drug Resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is TRPC6/Calcium Dependent (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notoriously refractory to chemotherapy because of its tendency to develop multi-drug resistance (MDR), whose various underlying mechanisms make it difficult to target. The calcium signalling pathway is associated with many cellular biological activities, and is also a critical player in cancer. However, its role in modulating tumour MDR remains unclear. In this study, stimulation by doxorubicin, hypoxia and ionizing radiation was used to induce MDR in HCC cells. A sustained aggregation of intracellular calcium was observed upon these stimuli, while inhibition of calcium signalling enhanced the cells' sensitivity to various drugs by attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hif1-α signalling and DNA damage repair. The effect of calcium signalling is mediated via transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a subtype of calcium-permeable channel. An in vivo xenograft model of HCC further confirmed that inhibiting TRPC6 enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin. In addition, we deduced that STAT3 activation is a downstream signalling pathway in MDR. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the various mechanisms regulating MDR in HCC cells are calcium dependent through the TRPC6/calcium/STAT3 pathway. We propose that targeting TRPC6 in HCC may be a novel antineoplastic strategy, especially combined with chemotherapy.
High quality molecular beam epitaxial growth on patterned GaAs substrates (1985)

In this letter we describe a procedure for high quality molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth over finely patterned GaAs substrates which is suitable for device fabrication requiring lateral definition of small (∼1–2 μm) dimension. This method was used for the fabrication of index guided laser arrays. Yields of individual lasers exceeded 90%, and thresholds were uniform to 10%. Temperature and flux ratio dependence of faceting during MBE growth over patterned substrates is shown for temperatures ranging from 580 to 700 °C and for As/Ga flux ratios from 1.4:1 to 4:1. The real index guided structure, which can be formed by a single MBE growth over a ridged substrate, is discussed. This technique should prove useful in the fabrication of devices which take advantage of unique features formed during regrowth by MBE.
Radiation-Induced IFN-γ Production within the Tumor Microenvironment Influences Antitumor Immunity (2008)

Alterations to the tumor microenvironment following localized irradiation may influence the effectiveness of subsequent immunotherapy. The objective of this study was to determine how IFN-gamma influences the inflammatory response within this dynamic environment following radiotherapy. B16/OVA melanoma cells were implanted into C57BL/6 (wild-type (WT)) and IFN-gamma-deficient (IFN-gamma-/-) mice. Seven days after implantation, mice received 15 Gy of localized tumor irradiation and were assessed 7 days later. Irradiation up-regulated the expression of VCAM-1 on the vasculature of tumors grown in WT but not in IFN-gamma-/- mice. Levels of the IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines MIG and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 were decreased in irradiated tumors from IFN-gamma-/- mice compared with WT. In addition to inducing molecular cues necessary for T cell infiltration, surface MHC class I expression is also up-regulated in response to IFN-gamma produced after irradiation. The role of IFN-gamma signaling in tumor cells on class I expression was tested using B16/OVA cells engineered to overexpress a dominant negative mutant IFN-gamma receptor (B16/OVA/DNM). Following implantation and treatment, expression of surface class I on tumor cells in vivo was increased in B16/OVA, but not in B16/OVA/DNM tumors, suggesting IFN-gamma acts directly on tumor cells to induce class I up-regulation. These increases in MHC class I expression correlated with greater levels of activated STAT1. Thus, IFN-gamma is instrumental in creating a tumor microenvironment conducive for T cell infiltration and tumor cell target recognition.
VLSI hardware evaluation of the stream ciphers Salsa20 and ChaCha, and the compression function Rumba (2008)

Salsa20 is a stream cipher candidate in the software-oriented profile of the eSTREAM project. ChaCha is a successor stream cipher with improved per round diffusion and, conjecturally, increased resistance to cryptanalysis. Based on the combination of four Salsa20 instances, Rumba is a compression function for hashing schemes. This paper presents the evaluation of five VLSI circuits for Salsa20. Synthesis results for a 0.18 mum CMOS technology point out that the fastest implementation achieves a throughput of 6.4Gbps, while the smallest design requires only an area of 10 k gate equivalents (GE) at 16 Mbps. This work also presents the first hardware implementations of ChaCha and Rumba. The fastest ChaCha design achieves 6.8 Gbps and the smallest design requires an area of 9.1 kGE at 16 Mbps. Furthermore, two Rumba implementations are able to achieve 17.9 Gbps or a compact area of 16.8 kGE at 12 Mbps.
Role of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> in Atherosclerosis (2005)

The development of atherosclerotic vascular disease is invariably linked to the formation of bioactive lipid mediators and accompanying vascular inflammation. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme that is produced by inflammatory cells, co-travels with circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in LDL. Its biological role has been controversial with initial reports purporting atheroprotective effects of Lp-PLA2 thought to be a consequence of degrading platelet-activating factor and removing polar phospholipids in modified LDL. Recent studies, however, focused on pro-inflammatory role of Lp-PLA2 mediated by products of the Lp-PLA2 reaction (lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids). These bioactive lipid mediators, which are generated in lesion-prone vasculature and to a lesser extent in the circulation (eg, in electronegative LDL), are known to elicit several inflammatory responses. The proinflammatory action of Lp-PLA2 is also supported by a number of epidemiology studies suggesting that the circulating level of the enzyme is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, despite some attenuation of the effect by inclusion of LDL, the primary carrier of Lp-PLA2, in the analysis. These observations provide a rationale to explore whether inhibiting Lp-PLA2 activity and consequent interference with the formation of bioactive lipid mediators will abrogate inflammation associated with atherosclerosis, produce favorable changes in intermediate cardiovascular end points (eg, biomarkers, imaging, and endothelial function), and ultimately reduce cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
Validation of a Caregiver Strain Index (1983)

This paper outlines the development of a Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) with a sample of spouses, family, friends, and neighbors, aged 22 to 83, who provided varying degrees of care to recently hospitalized hip surgery and heart patients aged 65 and over. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the 13-item CSI on 81 cases was .86. Evidence of construct validity was obtained in three areas: ex-patient characteristics; subjective perceptions of the care-taking relationship by caregivers; and emotional health of caregivers. These results indicate that the CSI is a brief, easily administered instrument which identified strain within our sample of informal care providers. Further development of the CSI is being undertaken for predicting specific caregiver populations at risk. This simple index might be usefully included in any interview or assessment package that examines intergenerational relations involving dependency and care.
OC144‐093, a Novel P glycoprotein Inhibitor for the Enhancement of Anti‐Epileptic Therapy (2002)

Inhibitors of P gLycoprotein (Pgp) may be useful for the enhancement of blood-brain barrier penetration of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Due to polypharmacy and the need for chronic treatment, Pgp inhibitors used in epilepsy should be highly specific and non-toxic. In particular, it may be essential to use compounds that produce minimal inhibition of enzymes involved in metabolism of AEDs and other drugs used by epilepsy patients. OC144-093 is a novel substituted diarylimidazole generated using the OntoBLOCK system, a solid-phase combinatorial chemistry technology, in combination with high-throughput cell-based screening. The compound is an extremely potent inhibitor of Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer with an average FC50 of 32 nM, but does not inhibit multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1). OC144-093 is the least non-specifically toxic Pgp inhibitor described to date, with an average cytostatic IC50 of >60 microM in 15 cell types. It is not metabolized by cytochrome P450s CYP3A4, 2C8 or 2C9 enzymes involved in AED metabolism. OC144-093 does not produce a pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction with paclitaxel and has exhibited an excellent PK and safety profile in phase I clinical trials. Our results suggest that OC144-093 may represent an ideal candidate for use in enhancement of AED blood-brain barrier penetration.
Role of granulocytes and C5a in myocardial response to zymosan-activated serum (1991)

Although previous studies have demonstrated that complement (C)5a causes myocardial ischemia and mechanical dysfunction, the cardiac response of endogenously produced C5a and C5a des-Arg in zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and the critical role of granulocytes in this process are poorly understood. Therefore, we compared the coronary and cardiac effects of ZAS and purified C5a and investigated the role of leukocyte adhesion-promoting receptors (i.e., CD11/CD18). Like purified C5a, ZAS (0.5 ml) significantly reduced coronary artery blood flow and regional segment shortening, whereas coronary venous granulocyte concentration and myocardial lactate extraction were significantly decreased. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to C5a/C5a des-Arg attenuated ZAS-induced cardiac alterations. Three minutes of continuous infusion of C5a or ZAS induced sustained decreases in coronary venous granulocyte concentrations, although coronary flow and segment shortening returned to control levels after 2 min. Another MoAb, IB4, directed against CD18, significantly inhibited ZAS-induced granulocyte extraction and associated cardiac effects. Thus, cardiac dysfunction occurs after activation of the complement cascade with zymosan resulting in extraction of granulocytes mediated by the CD18 adherence glycoprotein. Furthermore, intramyocardial retention of granulocytes appears necessary for the initial and full ZAS-induced cardiac dysfunction.
DYNAMICS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT CHANNELS AS CALCULATED BY AN ENSEMBLE MONTE CARLO METHOD (1987)

The dynamical characteristics of electron transfer between two channels are elucidated by using a many‐particle Monte Carlo model with self‐consistent electric fields. The study has been performed to assess switching speeds associated with various novel devices such as velocity modulation transistors and dual channel high electron mobility transistors. Typical time constants for a one micrometer device (0.4 µm gate length) are 3.5 psec for the longitudinal (source‐to‐drain) and 0.2 psec for the transport perpendicular to the interfaces between the two channels.