gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion-Induced Blindness and Troxler Fading: Common and Different Mechanisms (2014)

Extended stabilization of gaze leads to disappearance of dim visual targets presented peripherally. This phenomenon, known as Troxler fading, is thought to result from neuronal adaptation. Intense targets also disappear intermittently when surrounded by a moving pattern (the "mask"), a phenomenon known as motion-induced blindness (MIB). The similar phenomenology and dynamics of these disappearances may suggest that also MIB is, likewise, solely due to adaptation, which may be amplified by the presence of the mask. Here we directly compared the dependence of both phenomena on target contrast. Observers reported the disappearance and reappearance of a target of varying intensity (contrast levels: 8%-80%). MIB was induced by adding a mask that moved at one of various different speeds. The results revealed a lawful effect of contrast in both MIB and Troxler fading, but with opposite trends. Increasing target contrast increased (doubled) the rate of disappearance events for MIB, but decreased the disappearance rate to half in Troxler fading. The target mean invisible period decreased equally strongly with target contrast in MIB and in Troxler fading. The results suggest that both MIB and Troxler are equally affected by contrast adaptation, but that the rate of MIB is governed by an additional mechanism, possibly involving antagonistic processes between neuronal populations processing target and mask. Our results link MIB to other bi-stable visual phenomena that involve neuronal competition (such as binocular rivalry), which exhibit an analogous dependency on the strength of the competing stimulus components.
A Liquid Optical Phase Shifter With an Embedded Electrowetting Actuator (2017)

We demonstrate an electrowetting-based liquid optical phase shifter. The phase shifter consists of two immiscible liquid layers with different refractive indices. Sandwiched between the two liquids is a rigid membrane that moves freely along the optical axis and supported by a compliant surround. When applied with a pressure, the thicknesses of both liquid layers change, which induces a difference in optical path, resulting in a phase shift. A miniaturized electrowetting-based actuator is used to produce hydraulic pressure. A multi-layered SU8 bonded structure was fabricated. A phase shift of 171° was observed when the device was incorporated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and driven with 100 V.
Lactate Is a Better Predictor than Systolic Blood Pressure for Determining Blood Requirement and Mortality: Could Prehospital Measures Improve Trauma Triage? (2010)

BACKGROUND: Standard hemodynamic evaluation of patients in shock may underestimate severity of hemorrhage given physiologic compensation. Blood lactate (BL) is an important adjunct in characterizing shock, and point-of-care devices are currently available for use in the prehospital (PH) setting. The objective of this study was to determine if BL levels have better predictive value when compared with systolic blood pressure (SBP) for identifying patients with an elevated risk of significant transfusion and mortality in a hemodynamically indeterminant cohort. STUDY DESIGN: We selected trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center over a 9-year period with SBP between 90 and 110 mmHg. The predictive capability of initial emergency department (ED) BL for needing ≥6 units packed RBCs within 24 hours postinjury and mortality was compared with PH-SBP and ED-SBP by comparing estimated area under the receiver operator curve (AUC). RESULTS: We identified 2,413 patients with ED-SBP and 787 patients with PH-SBP and ED-BL. ED-BL was statistically better than PH-SBP (p = 0.0025) and ED-SBP (p < 0.0001) in predicting patients who will need ≥ 6 U packed RBCs within 24 hours postinjury (AUC: ED-BL, 0.72 vs PH-SBP, 0.61; ED-BL, 0.76 vs ED-SBP, 0.60). ED-BL was also a better predictor than both PH-SBP (p = 0.0235) and ED-SBP (p < 0.0001) for mortality (AUC: ED-BL, 0.74 vs PH-SBP, 0.60; ED-BL, 0.76 vs ED-SBP, 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: ED-BL is a better predictor than SBP in identifying patients requiring significant transfusion and mortality in this cohort with indeterminant SBP. These findings suggest that point-of-care BL measurements could improve trauma triage and better identify patients for enrollment in interventional trials. Further studies using BL measurement in the PH environment are warranted.
Antibody to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. (1975)

Antibody to homogeneous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.31, nucleoside triphosphate: DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase) from calf thymus gland has been prepared using crosslinked antigen derivatives in rabbits. The antisera produced precipitate and neutralize homologous antigen, and crossreact with human, chicken, mouse, and rat terminal transferase. Antiserum to pure terminal transferase provides greatly expanded analytical capabilities for further studies on terminal transferase biology and structure.
Memory allocation methods for a DSP with indirect addressing modes and their application to compilers (2002)

For a DSP with address registers (ARs), which point memory addresses to be accessed, memory allocation methods to reduce overhead codes in accesses are discussed. In the existing heuristic method, variables in a program and AR operations are modeled by a graph, and modification of the graph according to a cost function leads to an efficient address location. In this paper, this method is iteratively applied and the most efficient address locations in sense of a cost function (sub-optimal locations) are derived. This iterative method is applied to the compiler for /spl mu/PD77230 (NEC), and computational time for deriving efficient memory locations is proved to be relatively shorter than that of the exhaustive search method for the global optimal address locations. Second, a new cost function for the graph linearization algorithm which considers locality of addresses in memory accesses is proposed. This cost function is utilized in the compiler and an efficient address location, which is comparable to the optimal/sub-optimal allocations, is derived in a very short computational period.
Account Management Method With Blind Signature Scheme (2011)

Reducing the risk of information leaks is one of the most important functions of identity management systems. To achieve this purpose, Dey et al. have already proposed an account management method for a federated login system using a blind signature scheme. In order to ensure account anonymity for the authentication provider, referred to as an IDP (identity provider), a blind signature scheme is utilized to generate an authentication token on an authentication service and the token is sent to an IDP. However, there is a problem with the proposed system. Malicious users can establish multiple accounts on an IDP by requesting such accounts. As a measure to solve this problem, in this paper, the authors propose an account checking method that is performed before account generation.
Deriving effectiveness information for decision-making (2006)

As of January 2006, a new drug benefit program, Medicare Part D, will be made available and effective for Medicare enrollees. Given the risk factor and morbidity profiles of the Medicare population...
Competitive Caching with Machine Learned Advice (2021)

Traditional online algorithms encapsulate decision making under uncertainty, and give ways to hedge against all possible future events, while guaranteeing a nearly optimal solution, as compared to an offline optimum. On the other hand, machine learning algorithms are in the business of extrapolating patterns found in the data to predict the future, and usually come with strong guarantees on the expected generalization error. In this work, we develop a framework for augmenting online algorithms with a machine learned predictor to achieve competitive ratios that provably improve upon unconditional worst-case lower bounds when the predictor has low error. Our approach treats the predictor as a complete black box and is not dependent on its inner workings or the exact distribution of its errors. We apply this framework to the traditional caching problem—creating an eviction strategy for a cache of size k . We demonstrate that naively following the oracle’s recommendations may lead to very poor performance, even when the average error is quite low. Instead, we show how to modify the Marker algorithm to take into account the predictions and prove that this combined approach achieves a competitive ratio that both (i) decreases as the predictor’s error decreases and (ii) is always capped by O (log k ), which can be achieved without any assistance from the predictor. We complement our results with an empirical evaluation of our algorithm on real-world datasets and show that it performs well empirically even when using simple off-the-shelf predictions.
Cryo-FIB for Thinning Cryo-TEM samples and Evading Ice During Cryo-Transfer (2005)

When a Gatan Alto 2500 cryo stage is attached to an FEI-DualBeam DB235 FIB/SEM, the process of FIBsectioning sample preparation for TEM can be extended to Cryo-FIB-TEM prep The possibility now exists to use FIB for submicron site-specific sectioning inside biological materials such as cells. The practice remains less productive than cryo-ultramicrotomy; however, using the SEM inside the DB235 enables focusing the prep on nanometer-scale features in the sample. The devil in the details is not the fire (heat of either of the dual beams) but rather the ice (frost) that can occur at each step of the cryo-transfer-process. Until an allencompassing cryo-fast-freeze-prethin-FIB-SEM-TEM single tool is available, cryo-transfer is a necessary evil. To test the cryo-FIB-prep viability we have pushed the limits of cryo-transfer. A cryo sample is plunge-frozen at Albany, cryo-transferred to Harvard and into (and out of) the cryo FIB using a modified specimen holder, then cryo transferred back to Albany for cryo-TEM After several cryo-transfers from one holder to another, frost is difficult to avoid. However, with a goal to study submicron features, the cryo-DB235 enables one to ignore many ice boulders. FIB ion milling (with 30kV Ga ions) provides etching rates of ice that are >100 times that of Si Because the high-energy ions can penetrate deep into ice-based materials, care must be taken to avoid ion-induced artifacts However, the grazing incident ion beam used in this work for thinning limits damage, and FIB can be performed without generating heat and without crystallizing vitreous ice
Delay calculation of field-breakdown triggered vacuum switch (2010)

Triggered vacuum switch (TVS) is one of the important switch apparatuses in the fields of pulsed power system, due to its quick switch, rapid dielectric recovery, small volume, convenient trigger system, and simple structure, etc. A sample of field-breakdown TVS was fabricated and its turning-on experiments were done. Initial plasmas played an important role in the turning-on process of TVS, so the delay of TVS was tested, including wait time t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and collapse time t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and it could implicate the needed time of development of initial plasmas. From thermodynamics equations, a model of cathode spots heat conduction was set up. A formula deduced from the heat conduction model could calculate the delay of TVS. Calculated results of t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> were accordant with the tested results.
Dependence of HL‐60 myeloid cell differentiation on continuous and split retinoic acid exposures: Precommitment memory associated with altered nuclear structure (1984)

The cell differentiation of HL-60 human leukemic promyelocytes along the myeloid pathway due to various continuous and distributed exposures to retinoic acid was studied. HL-60 myeloid differentiation was a continuously driven process; significant terminal cell differentiation occurred only after a minimum exposure to inducer of two division cycles. Cells so committed to differentiation retained a heritable, finite memory of differentiation commitment over a further division cycle. Prior to becoming committed, cells acquired precommitment memory of exposure to inducer. Precommitment memory abbreviated the subsequent exposure to inducer needed for commitment to differentiation. Precommitment memory was semistable. It was heritable, but was lost after four division cycles. The acquisition and loss of precommitment memory correlated with alterations in nuclear architecture detected by narrow angle light scatter using flow cytometry. The altered nuclear architecture first occurred before any overt cell differentiation or growth arrest. It was thus an early event in the induced program of terminal cell differentiation. Alterations in relative abundances of cytoplasmic proteins also occurred prior to overt cell differentiation or growth arrest. One of these was a 17 kdalton, anionic, probably Ca2+ binding, protein. Retinoic acid thus induced early cellular changes, including cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations, within one cell cycle when cell differentiation was not yet apparent.
Loss of Nrdp1 Enhances ErbB2/ErbB3–Dependent Breast Tumor Cell Growth (2006)

Dysregulation of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases is thought to promote mammary tumor progression by stimulating tumor cell growth and invasion. Overexpression and aberrant activation of ErbB2/HER2 confer aggressive and malignant characteristics to breast cancer cells, and patients displaying ErbB2-amplified breast cancer face a worsened prognosis. Recent studies have established that ErbB2 and ErbB3 are commonly co-overexpressed in breast tumor cell lines and in patient samples. ErbB2 heterodimerizes with and activates the ErbB3 receptor, and the two receptors synergize in promoting growth factor-induced cell proliferation, transformation, and invasiveness. Our previous studies have shown that the neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 (Nrdp1) E3 ubiquitin ligase specifically suppresses cellular ErbB3 levels by marking the receptor for proteolytic degradation. Here, we show that overexpression of Nrdp1 in human breast cancer cells results in the suppression of ErbB3 levels, accompanied by the inhibition of cell growth and motility and the attenuation of signal transduction pathways. In contrast, either Nrdp1 knockdown or the overexpression of a dominant-negative form enhances ErbB3 levels and cellular proliferation. Additionally, Nrdp1 expression levels inversely correlate with ErbB3 levels in primary human breast cancer tissue and in a mouse model of ErbB2 mammary tumorigenesis. Our observations suggest that Nrdp1-mediated ErbB3 degradation suppresses cellular growth and motility, and that Nrdp1 loss in breast tumors may promote tumor progression by augmenting ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling.
Reducing storage costs for federated search of text databases (2003)

In environments containing many text search engines a federated search system provides people with a single point of access. When search engines are managed by independent organizations two key problems are discovering and representing the contents of each text database. Query-based sampling is a recent technique for discovering the contents of uncooperative databases so as to create database resource descriptions that support a variety of necessary capabilities. However, when the documents obtained by query-based sampling are very long, as is common in some government environments, disk storage costs can be surprisingly large. This paper investigates methods of pruning sampled documents to reduce storage costs. The experimental results demonstrate that disk storage costs can be reduced by 54-93% while causing only minor losses in federated search accuracy.
Electron<i>–</i>optical-phonon interaction in single and double heterostructures (1989)

Electron--optical-phonon interactions are studied in single and double heterostructures. The Hamiltonian describing electron-phonon interactions is derived with use of orthonormal eigenmodes of phonons calculated in the dielectric continuum model. Effects of interactions are expressed in the form of an effective electron-electron interaction mediated by virtual exchange of phonons. It is given by the sum of products of coupling constants and form factors for different modes. The coupling constants correspond to the Fr\"ohlich coupling constant in bulk and the form factors describe effects of electron confinement. The resulting expression is convenient and useful in discussing relative importance of interface modes and bulklike confined modes and also in exploring the possibility of reduction of electron--optical-phonon interactions in heterostructures. It is applied to calculations of the polaron mobility and magnetophonon resonance spectra. The results clearly demonstrate roles of interface phonons.
Digital Factory - Simulation Enhancing the Product and Production Engineering Process (2006)

The digital factory concept offers an integrated approach to enhance the product and production engineering processes and simulation is a key technology within this concept. Different types of simulation, such as discrete event or 3D-motion simulation can be applied in virtual models on various planning levels and stages to improve the product and process planning on all levels. The focus and key factor is the integration of the various planning and simulation processes. In an advanced stage simulation technology can be applied in the digital factory concept to enhance the operative production planning and control as an integrated process from the top level to the factory floor control
Antiplatelet Arylnaphthalide Lignans from <i>Justicia procumbens</i> (1996)

Fractionation of the EtOH extract of Justicia procumbens, guided by antiplatelet bioassay, led to the isolation of nine known arylnaphthalide lignans, neojusticin A (1), justicidin B (2), justicidin A (3), taiwanin E methyl ether (4), neojusticin B (5), chinensinaphthol methyl ether (6), taiwanin E (8), chinensinaphthol (9), and diphyllin (10), and a new arylnaphthalide lignan that was characterized by spectral means as 4'-demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (7). Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 8 significantly inhibited platelet aggregation.
Synthesis of Sinapine during Seed Development of Sinapis alba (1980)

Sinapine (sinapoyl-choline) is accumulated in the cotyledones of Sinapis alba during the main growth phase of the developing embryos. It is degraded during germination of older embryos which have not reached full maturation and of mature seeds, but remains stable in young embryos. The main product of degradation is sinapoyl-glucose. [ 14 C]phenylalanine is not only in­corporated into sinapine during the accumulation phase in situ but just so into isolated embryos which do not accumulate the substance further. Synthesis takes place in the cotyledones. Their synthesizing capacity (incorporation of [ 14 C]phenylalanine) is correlated with the growth rate of the cotyledones.
SIRIO (1993)

This paper presents the SIRIO project, a commercial experience within Spanish industry, developed for Tecnatom S.A. by the Data and Knowledge Bases Research Group at the Technical University of Madrid. SIRIO runs over a heterogeneous local area network, with a client-server architecture, using the following tools: Oracle as RDBMS, running over a Unix server, TCP/IP as a communication protocol, Ethernet TOOLKIT for the distributed client-server architecture, and C as the host programming language for the distributed applications (every one of them is rather complex and very different from the rest). The system uses computers with MS-DOS, connected to the server over the LAN. SIRIO is mainly based on the conceptual design of an Rdb, upon which several distributed applications are operational as big software modules. These applications are: 1.- The inspection programs, the management of their corresponding criteria and the automatic generation of queries. 2.- Graphics processing and interface definition. 3.- Interactive Rdb updating. 4.- Historical db management. 5.- Massive load of on-field obtained data. 6.- Report and query application. The approach of the SIRIO integrated information system presented here is a pioneering one. There are about two dozen companies worldwide in this field and none has developed such an advanced system to this day. From 1992, SIRIO is totally operational in the Tecnatom S.A. industry. It constitutes an important tool to obtain the reports (from different plants) for the clients, for the State control organizations, and for the specialized analyst staff.
Overexpression of the Gene Encoding GTP:Mannose-1-Phosphate Guanyltransferase, <i>mpg1</i> , Increases Cellular GDP-Mannose Levels and Protein Mannosylation in <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (2003)

To elucidate the regulation and limiting factors in the glycosylation of secreted proteins, the mpg1 and dpm1 genes from Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) encoding GTP:alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase and dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase (DPMS), respectively, were overexpressed in T. reesei. No significant increases were observed in DPMS activity or protein secretion in dpm1-overexpressing transformants, whereas overexpression of mpg1 led to a twofold increase in GDP-mannose (GDPMan) levels. GDPMan was effectively utilized by mannnosyltransferases and resulted in hypermannosylation of secreted proteins in both N and O glycosylation. Overexpression of the mpg1 gene also increased the transcription of the dpm1 gene and DPMS activity. Our data indicate that the level of cellular GDPMan can play a major regulatory role in protein glycosylation in T. reesei.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of a c-type lysozyme from the Asian Corn Borer,<i>Ostrinia furnacalis</i> (2009)

Some lepidopteran lysozymes have been reported to display activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to most lysozymes that are active only against Gram-positive bacteria. OstrinLysC, a c-type lysozyme, was purified from the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and shows activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation and used in a homology cloning strategy. The gene coding for OstrinLysC contains three exons and two introns. The expression profile of the OstrinlysC gene was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Following injection of the larvae with bacteria, the OstrinlysC gene is strongly up-regulated in immune tissues. Transcripts were also detected in gut tissue. After feeding the larvae with bacteria, OstrinlysC transcripts increased in immune tissues. A very low level of transcript abundance was also detected in gut tissue. These results suggested that the OstrinlysC gene is involved in immune responses. The three dimensional structure of OstrinLysC was predicted. Based on comparison of the 3-D structure of OstrinLysC with that of silkworm lysozyme and chicken lysozyme, we hypothesize that the positive charge-rich surface and the short loop-2, which is close to the cluster of hydrophobic residues, may play important roles in the interaction with the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.