gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multiscale Adaptive Local-Global Method for Modeling Flow in Stratigraphically Complex Reservoirs (2012)

Summary A robust and efficient simulation technique is developed on the basis of the extension of the mimetic finite-difference method (MFDM) to multiscale hierarchical-hexahedral (corner-point) grids by use of the multiscale mixed finite-element method (MsMFEM). The implementation of the mimetic subgrid-discretization method is compact and generic for a large class of grids and, thereby, is suitable for discretizations of reservoir models with complex geologic architecture. Flow equations are solved on a coarse grid where basis functions with subgrid resolution account accurately for subscale variations from an underlying fine-scale geomodel. The method relies on the construction of approximate velocity spaces that are adaptive to the local properties of the differential operator. A variant of the method for computing velocity basis functions is developed that uses an adaptive local-global (ALG) algorithm to compute multiscale velocity basis functions by capturing the principal characteristics of global flow. Both local and local-global methods generate subgrid-scale velocity fields that reproduce the impact of fine-scale stratigraphic architecture. By using multiscale basis functions to discretize the flow equations on a coarse grid, one can retain the efficiency of an upscaling method, while at the same time produce detailed and conservative velocity fields on the underlying fine grid. The accuracy and efficacy of the multiscale method is compared with those of fine-scale models and of coarse-scale models with no subgrid treatment for several two-phase-flow scenarios. Numerical experiments involving two-phase incompressible flow and transport phenomena are carried out on high-resolution corner-point grids that represent explicitly example stratigraphic architectures found in real-life shallow-marine and turbidite reservoirs. The multiscale method is several times faster than the direct solution of the fine-scale problem and yields more accurate solutions than coarse-scale modeling techniques that resort to explicit effective properties. The accuracy of the multiscale simulation method with ALG-velocity basis functions is compared with that of the local velocity basis functions. The multiscale simulation results are consistently more accurate when the local-global method is employed for computing the velocity basis functions.
Effect of nitrogen doping on glow-discharge amorphous silicon films (1981)

Abstract Amorphous silicon films prepared from a d.c. discharge of 10% SiH4–90% H2 mixture are found to have electrical and optical properties similar to those made from 100% SiH4. The effect of nitrogen on the properties of these films is investigated. It is found that instead of behaving as a classical donor, nitrogen introduces deep levels in the material.
Antigenicity and tolerance of some synthetic polypeptides related to collagen. (1968)

Guinea-pigs immunized with poly-L-proline, poly-L-proline—glycine or poly-L-proline—glycine—acetyl-hydroxy-L-proline develop antibodies which appear to be exclusively directed against determinants composed of sequences of proline. (2) All three antigens also induce delayed hypersensitivity but the determinants involved include both glycine- and acetyl-hydroxyproline when the antigen is poly-proline—glycine—acetyl-hydroxyproline and glycine when the antigen is poly-proline—glycine. (3) The administration of either polyproline or poly-proline—glycine in incomplete adjuvant produces a state of tolerance as revealed by subsequent injection of the peptides with Freund's complete adjuvant. (4) Tolerance induced with poly-proline cannot be broken by immunization with poly-proline—glycine with regard to circulating antibody but is broken with regard to delayed hypersensitivity.
Lasers Aimed at Aircraft Cockpits: Background and Possible Options to Address the Threat to Aviation Safety and Security (2005)

Higher ferritin and CRP levels as well as lower TIBC levels significantly predicted hepcidin levels in the study group, control group, and the entire sample. There was no significant difference in hepcidin levels between the patients and controls. Children with exacerbations had significantly higher hepcidin levels than those with stable disease. These findings support the serum hepcidin level as useful in assessing iron status in children with cystic fibrosis. It may also be useful in early detection and monitoring of treatment of exacerbations.
727. A search for new trypanocides. Part III. Some analogues of suramin (1956)

A. Adams, J. N. Ashley and H. Bader, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 3739 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560003739
Structural Basis for the Activity and Substrate Specificity of <i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i> <scp>l</scp>-Asparaginase<sup>,</sup> (2001)

Bacterial L-asparaginases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to aspartic acid, have been used for over 30 years as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. Other substrates of asparaginases include L-glutamine, D-asparagine, and succinic acid monoamide. In this report, we present high-resolution crystal structures of the complexes of Erwinia chrysanthemi L-asparaginase (ErA) with the products of such reactions that also can serve as substrates, namely L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), D-aspartic acid (D-Asp), and succinic acid (Suc). Comparison of the four independent active sites within each complex indicates unique and specific binding of the ligand molecules; the mode of binding is also similar between complexes. The lack of the alpha-NH3(+) group in Suc, compared to L-Asp, does not affect the binding mode. The side chain of L-Glu, larger than that of L-Asp, causes several structural distortions in the ErA active side. The active site flexible loop (residues 15-33) does not exhibit stable conformation, resulting in suboptimal orientation of the nucleophile, Thr15. Additionally, the delta-COO(-) plane of L-Glu is approximately perpendicular to the plane of gamma-COO(-) in L-Asp bound to the asparaginase active site. Binding of D-Asp to the ErA active site is very distinctive compared to the other ligands, suggesting that the low activity of ErA against D-Asp could be mainly attributed to the low k(cat) value. A comparison of the amino acid sequence and the crystal structure of ErA with those of other bacterial L-asparaginases shows that the presence of two active-site residues, Glu63(ErA) and Ser254(ErA), may correlate with significant glutaminase activity, while their substitution by Gln and Asn, respectively, may lead to minimal L-glutaminase activity.
Changes in structure and geometric properties of human hair by aging (2010)

To clarify hair changes by aging, the effect of age on hair properties was investigated from macro- to microscopic view points. Sensory hair luster tests were performed on 230 Japanese females from 10 to 70 years of age, revealing that hair luster decreases with age. The age dependence of the hair diameter and the ellipticity of the hair cross section could not explain luster reduction by aging. It has been determined that an irregular increase in fiber curvature occurs with age and is a cause of luster reduction with aging. A detailed structural analysis by synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction revealed that the inhomogeneity in the lateral distribution of the hair microstructure increased with age and relates to the irregular increase in curvature. Such an increase in curvature is one of the important factors that leads to a poor alignment of hairs and luster reduction, and is related to the appearance of aging hair.
Effect of a short course of rhDNase on cough and mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis (2000)

The aim of the study was to measure the effect of a short course of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) on ciliary and cough clearance in a group of cystic fibrosis patients, using a radioaerosol and gamma camera technique. Patients were initially randomized to receive either rhDNase (2.5 mg qd) or placebo. Following the measurement of baseline clearance, patients were given a 7-day course of either rhDNase or placebo. The patient then returned on the seventh day for follow-up clearance measurements. This was followed by a 2-week washout period before the whole process was repeated with the alternative inhalation solution. On each of the study days, mucociliary clearance was initially measured for a period of 60 min (IC). This was followed by cough clearance (CC) measurements for 30 min, during which patients were requested to cough a total of 120 times. Post-cough clearance (PCC) was then measured for a further 60 min. Thirteen patients completed the study. Patients' age ranged between 18–38 years, and they had baseline values of FEV1 of 27–103% of predicted values. Following completion of the course of rhDNase, there was a mean percent increase from baseline of 7.5% for FEV1 and 5.4% for FVC% (P = 0.03). There was a small, nonsignificant increase in IC (6.2 ± 3.6%) on the rhDNase arm compared with the placebo arm (−2.3 ± 2.9%), P = 0.1. No changes were seen in either CC (1.0 ± 3.2% [rhDNase] vs. 1.9 ± 2.4% [placebo], P = 0.9) or PCC (−0.7 ± 1.5% [rhDNase] vs. 0.9 ± 1.7% [placebo], P = 0.3). Patients who achieved a 10% or greater improvement in FEV1 (n = 5) in response to rhDNase did not show any greater change in clearance than nonresponders. In conclusion, we were unable to demonstrate any improvements in either ciliary or cough clearance in response to a short course of rhDNase. The mechanism of action of this drug in vivo remains uncertain. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000; 30:16–24. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Temperature field reconstruction of combustion flame based on high dynamic range images (2013)

We present a novel solution to accurately recover three-dimensional dynamic flame temperature field. Traditional flame temperature field reconstruction schemes take flame images with general industrial cameras and reconstruct flame temperature field under the assumption that the cameras can capture the full spectrum. However, the dynamic range of the general industrial camera is more restricted than that of the light from flame and camera response band is much narrower compared with the full spectrum. In this paper, we use high dynamic range to take flame images and reconstruct the flame radiant existence field on camera response band. Temperature field is calculated from radiant existence field via lookup table between them. Experimental results on real flame demonstrate that our approach is accurate and easy to implement. The rendering results of the flame-based temperature field accord with physical facts.
Determination of various hemoglobin species with thermal-lens spectrometry (2009)

Desoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, cyanohemoglobin, and hemichrome are determined using thermal-lens spectrometry, with the detection limits at the level of 10−8 M/l (2–5 mcg/l depending on hemoglobin species). Signal behavior and detectability thresholds are in good agreement with theoretical modeling based on the approach proposed earlier by the authors to describe thermal-lens signal generation in complex (inhomogeneous) systems. The thermooptical response for all studied hemoglobin species depends on the power of laser radiation within the range of 1–50 mW (532, 514.5, and 488 nm). Under the conditions of a thermal-lens experiment, the total temperature growth (0.0001 K) due to heating of the studied solution as the radiation of the inducing laser is absorbed by hemoglobin is estimated. Due to the interference with oxyhemoglobin the error in determining desoxyhemoglobin using thermal-lens spectrometry (for a maximum radiation power of 532 nm, 210 mW) does not exceed 3% in the case when the ratio of the species is 10: 1. In the opposite case (determination of oxyhemoglobin in the presence of desoxyhemoglobin), the error does not exceed 5%, the ratio of test and interfering species being the same.
Botulinum toxin type‐A for the treatment of inverse psoriasis (2007)

BoNTA therapy resulted in improvements in subjective patient symptomatology and objective reductions in erythema and maceration in the treated areas according to photographic evidence. Further large-scale methodologically rigorous studies are required to investigate the safety and efficacy of BoNTA in this indication.
Rapid Method for Detection of<i>Aspergillus</i>5S Ribosomal RNA Using a Genus-specific Oligonucleotide Probe (1995)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is present in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Although sequences are conserved, variations in nucleic acid composition are known to be species specific. Formalin or Bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 17 cases of culture proven Aspergillus sp infections were studied by a rapid (< 30 minutes) in situ hybridization procedure using a biotinylated oligonucleotide DNA probe complementary to nucleic acids 1-22 of Aspergillus sp 5S rRNA sequence. Positivity was noted within fungal organisms in all 17 cases and was identified in both hyphal forms and within fruiting bodies. Signal was weak or absent within the center of Aspergillus abscess cavities with increasing signal located toward the periphery of the cavity, suggesting that rRNA in situ hybridization may detect viable fungal forms. In situ hybridization with the oligonucleotide probe on tissues containing several different organisms including Candida sp, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis carinii, Pseudallescheria boydii, Fusarium sp, and Mucor were negative. Use of site specific oligonucleotide probes specific for a variety of rRNA sequences may aid in the diagnosis of several medically important bacterial, fungal, and protozoal pathogens.
Transforming Growth Factor β as an Immunosuppressive Protein in Human Seminal Plasma (1993)

These results identified TGF-beta as an immunosuppressive protein in human seminal plasma and may provide insight into the role of immunosuppression played by seminal plasma, such as in reproduction and neoplasia.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> virulence genes identified by <i>bursa aurealis</i> mutagenesis and nematode killing (2004)

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of wound and hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The emergence of S. aureus strains with resistance to multiple antibiotics requires the identification of bacterial virulence genes and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, bursa aurealis, a mariner-based transposon, was used for random mutagenesis and for the isolation of 10,325 S. aureus variants with defined insertion sites. By screening for loss-of-function mutants in a Caenorhabditis elegans killing assay, 71 S. aureus virulence genes were identified. Some of these genes are also required for S. aureus abscess formation in a murine infection model.
A metaphor graphics based representation of digital libraries on the World Wide Web: using the libViewer to make metadata visible (1999)

While methods for searching large digital libraries have experienced tremendous improvements recently, interfaces to such collections still have a far way to go. Most interfaces to digital libraries present themselves as various forms of sorted lists, providing metadata information on the documents in textual form. This prohibits intuitive understanding of document archives or Web search results. We present the libViewer, a Java-based user interface to digital libraries using metaphor graphics to display information on the elements in a digital library in an intuitively understandable way. Metadata on digital libraries based on the Dublin Core Initiative is mapped onto a set of metaphors to allow instant recognition and orientation in an unknown document collection, facilitating interactive retrieval and exploration.
Contemporary Modes and Christian Mandate In Conflict Resolution- Peacemaking in an Age of Genocide (2003)

david raWson W e stand today on the threshhold of the third Christian millenni- um.That era ushered in a new address to humanity's oldest dream: peace.Peace is what the gospel of Jesus is all about; being peacemakers distinguishes us as recipients of that good news."Blessed are the peacemakers," Jesus told that crowd gathered around him on the mountain, "for they shall be called the children of God."It is not casually that Paul, writing to the Thessalonians, refers to God as "the Lord of peace;" that the Common Book of Prayer offers the supplication, "O, God who art the author of peace and lover of concord;" or, that Milton would pen, "That He our deadly forfeit should release; And with His Father work for us a perpetual peace." 2The Christian mandate for peace seems clear, but making peace these many centuries later has not been easy, and this is especially the case in an age of genocide.Contemporary modes of conflict resolution all have their strengths and weaknesses, so that even with the best of intentions, knowing how to make a peaceable difference-even working through the means of state diplomacy-is an elusive venture.We are as those who cry, "Peace, Peace, when there is no peace," who proclaim, "Peace and security; then sudden destruction comes upon them" (Jeremiah 8:11; I Thessalonians 5:3).I remember taking my young niece and nephew to hear President Kennedy deliver the commencement address at American University, June 10, 1963.We sat on the hill overlooking the athletic field below and heard these words echo off the University buildings:What kind of peace do we seek?Not a Pax Americana enforced on the world by American weapons of war.Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave.I am talking about genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living, the kind that enables men and nations to grow and to hope and to build a better life for their children-not merely peace for Americans but peace for
Waging War on "Unemployables"? Race, Low-Wage Work, and Minimum Wages: The New Evidence (2011)

Capturing both popular and academic imaginations, recent literature contributions contest the standard treatment of minimum wage statutes as vehicles that enlarge the economic and social dislocation of vulnerable workers. A persistent strain of the current scholarship dedicated to progressive labor ideology implies that minimum wages or, alternatively, living wage statutes are necessary to preclude the degradation of low-wage workers. The publication of Simon Deakin and Frank Wilkinson’s recent article, Minimum Wage Legislation, constitutes yet another effort to destabilize the neoclassical consensus that emphasizes the adverse employment effects of wage regulation. Prescinding from orthodox economic analysis, Deakin and Wilkinson insist that there is a good efficiency-based case for minimum wage legislation. If the authors are correct, and if efficiency standing alone supports their normative viewpoint, then the contention that such legislation ought to be seen as a societal good might become tenable. Unfortunately, their claims are highly doubtful. Perceived through the lenses of American labor history, classical liberalism, Critical Race Theory and neoclassical economics, the authors’ allegations signify the capitulation of reasoned analysis to ideology. Rather than supporting the interest of the public or of vulnerable workers, their starkly conventional and progressive approach to labor law reform recalls John Stuart Mill’s embrace of Social Darwinism and consequent exclusion of inferior classes of workers. The authors’ approach also verifies Mill’s observation that modern liberal democracy - operating consistently with the goals of exclusion - is insufficient to protect disfavored groups and individuals from the coercive power authorized by a majority or its hierarchs. Since Deakin and Wilkinson’s credulous claims are in harmony with more than a century of progressive policies, and since the normative and prudential case for raising or retaining the minimum wage remains weak, marginalized members of society have much to fear from their analysis.
Abnormal p38  mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in dilated cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation (2012)

We previously interrogated the transcriptome in heart tissue from Lmna(H222P/H222P) mice, a mouse model of cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutation, and found that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Jun N-terminal kinase branches of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway were abnormally hyperactivated prior to the onset of significant cardiac impairment. We have now used an alternative gene expression analysis tool to reanalyze this transcriptome and identify hyperactivation of a third branch of the MAP kinase cascade, p38α signaling. Biochemical analysis of hearts from Lmna(H222P/H222P) mice showed enhanced p38α activation prior to and after the onset of heart disease as well as in hearts from human subjects with cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. Treatment of Lmna(H222P/H222P) mice with the p38α inhibitor ARRY-371797 prevented left ventricular dilatation and deterioration of fractional shortening compared with placebo-treated mice but did not block the expression of collagen genes involved in cardiac fibrosis. These results demonstrate that three different branches of the MAP kinase signaling pathway with overlapping consequences are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. They further suggest that pharmacological inhibition of p38α may be useful in the treatment of this disease.
Functional expression of the glutamate uptake system from<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

Glutamate uptake in the Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum is mediated via a binding protein-dependent transport system, which is encoded by the gluABCD gene cluster. Cloning of these genes in an expression vector and subsequent transformation of the resulting plasmid allows different strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli to grow on glutamate as sole carbon and nitrogen source. However, overexpression of the glutamate uptake system results in growth inhibitory effects, probably due to the particular topology of the binding protein.