gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD31: beyond a marker for endothelial cells (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘A CD31-derived peptide prevents angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis progression and aneurysm formation’ by G. Fornasa et al. , pp. 30–37, this issue. 

CD31 is a 130 kDa platelet–endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule that was initially identified from ECs and platelets1 and later from blood leucocytes.2 Mature CD31 contains a short [22-amino acid (aa)] NH2-terminal peptide followed by six C2-type immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, each flanked by two conserved cysteine residues outside the cells,3 a 19 aa transmembrane domain, and a 118 aa cytoplasmic tail containing two immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM)4 ( Figure 1 ) that mediate intracellular signalling. Although CD31 was initially classified as a cell adhesion molecule,3 later studies suggested that CD31 triggers downstream inhibitory signalling4 upon transhomophilic CD31 engagement during cell–cell interaction.5 CD31 signalling participates in the regulation of leucocyte detachment, T-cell activation, platelet activation, and angiogenesis, all of which are critical to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). 



Figure 1 
CD31 protein domains and their corresponding cellular functions. Ig, immunoglobulin; aa, amino acid; ITIM, immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motif; SHP2, Src homology-2 phosphatase; Y, tyrosine.



Fornasa et al. 6 use atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient ( Apoe−/− ) mice to demonstrate that aa551–574—a synthetic peptide located to the carboxyl-terminal of the Ig domain 6 ( Figure 1 )—suppressed angiotensin II (Ang-II) perfusion-induced AAAs and atherosclerosis. This peptide reduced atherosclerotic lesion and peri-aortic leucocyte infiltration and increased collagen deposition in aortic root atherosclerotic plaques and the abdominal aorta. Although we typically use CD31 as …
Fluphenazine Reduces Proteotoxicity in C. elegans and Mammalian Models of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (2014)

The classical form of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) is associated with hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is caused by the proteotoxic effect of a mutant secretory protein that aberrantly accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells. Recently we developed a model of this deficiency in C. elegans and adapted it for high-content drug screening using an automated, image-based array scanning. Screening of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds identified fluphenazine (Flu) among several other compounds as a drug which reduced intracellular accumulation of mutant α1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ). Because it is representative of the phenothiazine drug class that appears to have autophagy enhancer properties in addition to mood stabilizing activity, and can be relatively easily re-purposed, we further investigated its effects on mutant ATZ. The results indicate that Flu reverses the phenotypic effects of ATZ accumulation in the C. elegans model of ATD at doses which increase the number of autophagosomes in vivo. Furthermore, in nanomolar concentrations, Flu enhances the rate of intracellular degradation of ATZ and reduces the cellular ATZ load in mammalian cell line models. In the PiZ mouse model Flu reduces the accumulation of ATZ in the liver and mediates a decrease in hepatic fibrosis. These results show that Flu can reduce the proteotoxicity of ATZ accumulation in vivo and, because it has been used safely in humans, this drug can be moved rapidly into trials for liver disease due to ATD. The results also provide further validation for drug discovery using C. elegans models that can be adapted to high-content drug screening platforms and used together with mammalian cell line and animal models.
A negative-impedance repeater (1951)

A negative-impedance telephone repeater has been designed to reduce transmission losses on systems using tandem switching, or for toll connecting trunks and special service lines. The repeater, consisting of a transformer, an amplifier, and a network, has been arranged as a complete unit in itself, to simplify its installation.
생활체육 참가자의 성격 5요인과 기본심리욕구 및 운동결과기대의 관계 (2013)

이 연구는 생활체육 참가자의 성격 5요인과 기본심리욕구 및 운동결과기대의 관계를 규명하고자하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구대상은 생활체육 참가자로 하였으며, 자료 수집은 편의표본추출법을 통해 총 400부의 표본을 수집하여 최종분석에는 389부의 자료가 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 15.0을 이용하여 분산분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 생활체육 참가기간에 따라 자율성, 유능성 관계성의 기본심리욕구와 신체적 혜택과 심리적 혜택의 운동결과기대는 차이가 있고, 참가빈도에 따라 기본심리욕구는 차이가 없지만, 신체적 혜택의 운동결과기대는 차이가 있다. 또한 참가시간에 따라서 자율성과 유능성의 기본심리욕구는 차이가 있고, 운동결과기대는 차이가 없다. 둘째, 생활체육 참가자의 외향성, 친화성, 성실성이 높으면 자율성이 높아지고, 외향성, 개방성, 성실성이 높으면 유능성이 높아지며, 외향성, 친화성, 성실성이 높으면 관계성이 높아지지만 신경증은 관계성을 감소시킨다. 셋째, 생활체육 참가자의 친화성과 성실성이 높으면 신체적 혜택이 높아지고, 성실성이 높으면 심리적 혜택이 높아지며, 신경증이 높으면 신체적 혜택과 심리적 혜택이 낮아진다. 넷째, 생활체육 참가자의 자율성과 관계성이 높으면 신체적 혜택과 심리적 혜택이 높아지고, 유능성은 영향을 미치지 않는다.
α‐Synuclein Up‐Regulation in Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons Following Administration of the Parkinsonian Toxin MPTP (2000)

Mutations in alpha-synuclein cause a form of familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and wild-type alpha-synuclein is a major component of the intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of PD. These observations suggest a pathogenic role for alpha-synuclein in PD. Thus far, however, little is known about the importance of alpha-synuclein in the nigral dopaminergic pathway in either normal or pathological situations. Herein, we studied this question by assessing the expression of synuclein-1, the rodent homologue of human alpha-synuclein, in both normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice. In normal mice, detectable levels of synuclein mRNA and protein were seen in all brain regions studied and especially in ventral midbrain. In the latter, there was a dense synuclein-positive nerve fiber network, which predominated over the substantia nigra, and only few scattered synuclein-positive neurons. After a regimen of MPTP that kills dopaminergic neurons by apoptosis, synuclein mRNA and protein levels were increased significantly in midbrain extracts; the time course of these changes paralleled that of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In these MPTP-injected mice, there was also a dramatic increase in the number of synuclein-immunoreactive neurons exclusively in the substantia nigra pars compacta; all synuclein-positive neurons were tyrosine hydroxylase-positive, but none coexpressed apoptotic features. These data indicate that synuclein is highly expressed in the nigrostriatal pathway of normal mice and that it is up-regulated following MPTP-induced injury. In light of the synuclein alterations, it can be suggested that, by targeting this protein, one may modulate MPTP neurotoxicity and, consequently, open new therapeutic avenues for PD.
Sites of Virus Recovery and Antigen Detection in Epithelial Cells during Experimental Rhinovirus Infection (1984)

Detection of infectious virus and viral antigen from selected sites in the nose was done in 20 volunteers with experimental rhinovirus colds and in 10 sham inoculated controls. For five days after virus inoculation, repeated samples were collected both by swabbing the nose and pharynx and by epithelial biopsy of localized areas in the nose with a sheltered cytology brush. All samples were cultured for virus. Cells in the biopsy specimens were examined with immunoperoxidase staining for detection of rhinovirus antigen in epithelial cells. Not all parts of the nasal lining were infected. While 60% of the nose/throat swabs samples were positive by culture, only 32% of the brush biopsies were positive. With the biopsy specimens, the number of positive cultures was lower in the anterior part of the nose (nasal septum) than in the middle part of the cavity (turbinates), and there was a tendency for an increased number of sites to become positive during the course of the illness. Eight (16%) of 51 specimens from infected volunteers had rhinovirus antigen detected in ciliated epithelial cells. These findings indicate that the entire nasal epithelium is not infected at the time of peak symptoms during experimental rhinovirus colds.
Treating obstructive sleep apnea with hypoglossal nerve stimulation (2011)

Ongoing research, including recent initiation of a large multicenter phase-III study, suggests that hypoglossus nerve stimulators are likely to be available as a new treatment modality within a few years. Additional data are needed to define which OSA patients are most likely to benefit from hypoglossus nerve stimulation. Continuous refinement of electrodes design is likely to improve stimulation efficacy in coming years.
Prediction of outdoor and outdoor-to-indoor coverage in urban areas at 1.8 GHz (2002)

A run-time efficient three-dimensional radio propagation prediction model is presented. The model allows mobile network operators to predict the outdoor and the outdoor-to-indoor coverage in dense urban areas using one general prediction model. It integrates almost all relevant propagation phenomena in dense urban areas with an accuracy comparable to the results of dedicated prediction models. The required high resolution building data is stored in vector as well as raster format. Depending on the terrain processing task, the format resulting in the shorter run-time is employed. A huge amount of measurements from the Global System for Mobile Communications 1800 network of E-Plus have been used to derive the heuristics and empirical correction factors included in the model. It is shown that the prediction accuracy can be improved significantly by considering vegetation effects and multipath propagation. Measurements justify multipath propagation only up to a distance of measurements from the base stations (BSs) in an dense urban environment. This is another source of significant run-time savings. Consequently, the prediction time of large areas decreases dramatically by neglecting multipath effects at these distances. A semiempirical building penetration extension is used to derive indoor predictions for each floor based on outdoor predictions at ground-level combined with a height gain model. An additional deterministic component is incorporated in case the BS and (parts of) the building are in line of sight. Preliminary tests show a sufficient match between the measurements and the outdoor as well as the outdoor-to-indoor predictions.
A Comparison of SIP and H.323 for Internet Telephony (1998)

Two standards have recently emerged for signaling and control for Internet Telephony. One is ITU Recommendation H.323, and the other is the IETF Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These two protocols represent very different approaches to the same problem: H.323 embraces the more traditional circuit-switched approach to signaling based on the ISDN Q.931 protocol and earlier H-series recommendations, and SIP favors the more lightweight Internet approach based on HTTP. In this paper, we compare SIP and H.323 on complexity, extensibility, scalability, and features. I. INTRODUCTION In order to provide useful services, Internet telephony requires a set of control protocols for connection establishment, capabilities exchange, and conference control. Currently, two protocols exist to meet this need. One is ITU-T H.323, and the other is the IETF Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). In this paper, we compare the two protocols on complexity, extensibility, scalability, and services. The ITU H.323 ...
Augmenting Microsurgical Training: Microsurgical Instrument Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

In video-based training, clinicians practice and advance their skills on surgeries performed by their colleagues and themselves. Although microsurgeries are recorded daily, training centers are lacking the workforce to manually annotate the segments important for practitioners, such as instrument presence and position. In this work, we propose intelligent instrument detection using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to augment microsurgical training. The network was trained on real microsurgical practice videos for which human annotators manually gathered a large corpus of instrument positions. Under challenging conditions of highly magnified and often blurred view, the CNN was capable to correctly detect a needle-holder (a dominant tool in suturing practice) with 78.3% accuracy (F-score = 0.84) with recognition speed above 15 FPS. The result is promising in the emerging domain of augmented medical training where instrument recognition presents benefits to the microsurgical training.
Laser Deposition of Polymer and Biomaterial Films (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser Deposition of Polymer and Biomaterial FilmsD. B. Chrisey, A. Piqué, R. A. McGill, J. S. Horwitz, B. R. Ringeisen, D. M. Bubb, and P. K. WuView Author Information U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5345 Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079 Southern Oregon University, Ashland, Oregon 97520 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 2, 553–576Publication Date (Web):February 12, 2003Publication History Received12 August 2002Published online12 February 2003Published inissue 1 February 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010428whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010428wresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4288Altmetric-Citations432LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Deposition,Lasers,Polymers,Pulsed laser deposition,Thin films Get e-Alerts
A process for free-space laser communications system design (2009)

We present a design methodology for free-space laser communications systems. The first phase includes a characterization through numerical simulations of the channel to evaluate the range of extinction and scintillation. The second phase is the selection of fade mitigation schemes, which would incorporate pointing, acquisition, tracking, and communication system parameters specifically tailored to the channel. Ideally, the process would include sufficient flexibility to adapt to a wide range of channel conditions. We provide an example of the successful application of this design approach to a recent set of field experiments. This work was sponsored by the Department of Defense, RRCO DDR&E, under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.
A Unified Theory of Projective Spaces and Finite Abelian Groups (1942)

cf.
Early Nutrition Support Modifies Immune Function in Patients Sustaining Severe Head Injury (1995)

The early aggressive nutrition support of CHI patients appears to modify immunologic function by increasing CD4 cells, CD4-CD8 ratios, and T-lymphocyte responsiveness to Con A.
Fabrication of BCNO-composite thin film phosphors and controlling its thickness (2013)

BCNO phosphor material is one type of luminescence materials that has broad of light emission. In this paper, we report the fabrication of BCNO/SiO2- Epoxy Composite thin film phosphors on a glass substrate. BCNO/SiO2 phosphor was synthesized using a simple heating method. The prepared particles were dispersed into a transparent epoxy resin to form BCNO/SiO2-epoxy composite. The spin coating method was used to produce BCNO-composite thin film. UV-Vis spectrometer was used to measure the film thickness. From the analysis of the measurements, the film thickness about 3.5-4.1 μm was fabricated by varying the ratio of concentration BCNO epoxy matrix. Thin film transmittance in the visible wavelength was up to 90%. Thus, the fabricated thin film BCNO-composite has a good prospect to be applied as a display technology and other application.
Formation of Cold<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cs</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Molecules through Photoassociation (1998)

We have performed photoassociative spectroscopy of cold Cs atoms in a vapor-cell magneto-optical trap, within $10{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ below the dissociation limit $6s^{2}S_{1/2}+6p^{2}P_{3/2}$. Our detection method is based on pulsed-laser photoionization of ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$ molecules, selectively detected through a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Temporal and spatial analysis of ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}^{+}$ ions show for the first time the formation of translationally cold ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$ triplet ground state molecules, at a temperature $T\ensuremath{\sim}300\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$.
Foot Morphology in Chinese School Children Varies by Sex and Age (2018)

BACKGROUND Knowledge of children's foot shape is essential for podiatric healthcare and footwear design. Differences in foot shapes relative to sex and age were demonstrated among white children; however, no study has examined the foot characteristics of Asian children according to sex and age. This study aimed to analyze the age- and sex-associated differences in foot measurements in Chinese children. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 1240 boys and 1303 girls from China as participants for the present study. Foot dimensions were recorded by a video filming system, and 12 foot-shape measurements were acquired. One-way ANOVA was used to calculated the changes in measurements with age for boys and girls. Scores were analyzed as raw and normalized to foot length using the independent-samples t test. RESULTS Most measurements increased significantly at 7-8 and 8-9 years for girls and 8-9 and 10-11 years for boys. Arch height, instep length, and heel width showed greatest increases for both sexes ages 7-12 years (P<0.05). Sex differences in measurements mainly occurred at 8, 9, and 11 years. When we analyzed the normalized measurements of the same age children, instep length, heel width, ball girth, and instep girth were significantly different between boys and girls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sex- and age-associated differences were identified in the foot morphology of the Chinese school-aged children in this study. These differences should be considered when making clinical decisions about normal foot development and manufacturing shoes for Chinese school children.
Medical therapy for obesity: present and future. (2004)

The prevalence of obesity worldwide has risen sharply during the last four decades. The etiology of obesity is complex and includes a host of genetic influences in addition to the overconsumption of energy coupled with a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is known to cause or exacerbate many co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, arthritis and obstructive sleep apnea. Modest weight losses of 5-10% of actual weight are related to significant improvements in co-morbid conditions, but unfortunately the rate of recidivism with short-term therapy for obesity is high. The recent recognition of obesity as a chronic disease that should be treated with long-term programs and possibly with polypharmacy, and the alarming increase in its prevalence, have prompted extensive research and the development of new pharmacotherapy.
The use of anti-soya globulin antisera in investigating soya digestionin vivo (2000)

Polyclonal antisera have been developed which recognise the soya globulins glycinin and β-conglycinin. Their binding to proteolysed and processed globulins has been characterised with a view to using the antisera as probes to investigate the fate of soya globulins during digestion. Trypsinolysis reduced the immunoreactivity of β-conglycinin but increased that of glycinin by threefold, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, both antisera recognised trypsinolysis products poorly by immunoblotting. These data are consistent with the fact that the anti-glycinin antiserum was raised to digested glycinin and would therefore recognise both intact and proteolytic intermediates of glycinin. The latter would be disrupted into component polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hence would only be present in the ELISA and not after blotting. The antibody preparations were used to investigate the fate of soya globulins during in vivo digestion of a processed soya ingredient in rats. Both glycinin and β-conglycinin were digested rapidly, intact globulins disappearing from the gastrointestinal tract 3 h after dosing. Immunoreactive globulins were found in gut contents and associated with gut tissues but appeared to be in a semi-intact form, probably comprising proteolytic intermediates. This study demonstrates the usefulness of antibody methods in following the digestion of individual components in a complex mixture, such as is found in food. The availability of antibody preparations which recognise heat-stable epitopes will open the way for investigations into the effects of pre-treatments, such as cooking, which are pertinent to human consumption of legumes. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of microemuslsions in advanced drug delivery (2015)

Microemulsions have gained significant attention from formulation scientists since the time they have been discovered, because of their excellent properties related to their stability, solubility, simplicity, and formulation aspects. The application of microemulsions is not limited to drug delivery via the oral, topical or ocular routes, but may also be seen in cosmetics, immunology, sensor devices, coating, textiles, analytical chemistry, and spermicide. Finally, the objective of this review is to discuss briefly the applications of microemulsions in advanced drug delivery.
Transfer of the critically ill (2010)

Introduction It is estimated that in excess of 10 000 critically ill or injured patients are transferred between hospitals each year in the UK. Special consideration to the risks and benefits of patient transfer is required. Transfers often take place out of routine working hours, with relatively junior medical staff, and are often associated with a high level of adverse/critical incidents. These factors may contribute to the increased risk of morbidity and mortality faced by patients requiring a critical care transfer. Transfers can be divided into primary or secondary transfers. A primary transfer, from the site where a patient sustains their injury or illness, is normally undertaken by the Ambulance Service in the UK. Occasionally these transfers may be supported by doctors from the local ambulance service or pre-hospital medical care scheme (e.g. BASICS). The main involvement of anaesthetists, emergency physicians, intensivists and other acute speciality staff are in secondary transfers. These include both intra-hospital transfers (e.g. between emergency department and critical care unit or to/from a CT scanner) and inter-hospital transfers. The requirements in terms of planning and ensuring the correct equipment and personnel accompany the patient are similar whether the patient is being transferred within or between hospitals. This chapter will focus predominantly on inter-hospital transfers, but the principles are equally relevant to intra-hospital transfers.