gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Forced Ventilation in Animal Fur Under Ideal Pressure Distribution (1993)

A model and computation scheme are given for predicting forced ventilation in the fur on an animal limb or torso, modelled here as a fur-covered cylinder with the hairs erect. External pressures on the fur are predicted from potential flow theory for the outer stream, and Darcy's law is used to calculate velocities within the fur. The permeability distribution in the fur is predicted from animal data and known solutions for creeping flow through regular arrays of cylinders. The predicted velocities in the fur are proportional to the square of the wind speed, and will be important in modelling the transport of energy and moisture from mammals. Predicted velocity profiles and streamlines in the fur are presented as functions of wind speed for five mammalian species
Feasibility study of a space-based high pulse energy 2  μm CO_2 IPDA lidar (2017)

Sustained high-quality column carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) atmospheric measurements from space are required to improve estimates of regional and continental-scale sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub>. Modeling of a space-based 2 μm, high pulse energy, triple-pulse, direct detection integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar was conducted to demonstrate CO<sub>2</sub> measurement capability and to evaluate random and systematic errors. Parameters based on recent technology developments in the 2 μm laser and state-of-the-art HgCdTe (MCT) electron-initiated avalanche photodiode (e-APD) detection system were incorporated in this model. Strong absorption features of CO<sub>2</sub> in the 2 μm region, which allows optimum lower tropospheric and near surface measurements, were used to project simultaneous measurements using two independent altitude-dependent weighting functions with the triple-pulse IPDA. Analysis of measurements over a variety of atmospheric and aerosol models using a variety of Earth's surface target and aerosol loading conditions were conducted. Water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O) influences on CO<sub>2</sub> measurements were assessed, including molecular interference, dry-air estimate, and line broadening. Projected performance shows a <0.35 ppm precision and a <0.3 ppm bias in low-tropospheric weighted measurements related to column CO<sub>2</sub> optical depth for the space-based IPDA using 10 s signal averaging over the Railroad Valley (RRV) reference surface under clear and thin cloud conditions.
The Food Chemistry Laboratory (2003)

A popular book in its first edition, The Food Chemistry Laboratory: A Manual for Experimental Foods, Dietetics, and Food Scientists, Second Edition continues to provide students with practical knowledge of the fundamentals of designing, executing, and reporting the results of a research project. Presenting experiments that can be completed, in many
Small footprint trigger voltage control circuit for mixed-voltage applications (2008)

An ESD protection solution for high voltage input pins consists of a snapback ESD device controlled by a driver circuit that is optimized for performance, small footprint and specific compatibility features. Several control circuits geared towards area minimization are presented, followed by experimental validation of the circuits.
The Diction of John Stuart Mili—VIII (1965)

The Diction of John Stuart Mili—VIII Get access Roland Hall Roland Hall Queen's College, Dundee. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 12, Issue 2, 25 February 1965, Pages 51–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/notesj/12.2.51 Published: 25 February 1965
Estimation of a Change Point in Multiple Regression Models (1997)

This paper studies the least squares estimation of a change point in multiple regressions. Consistency, rate of convergence, and asymptotic distributions are obtained. The model allows for lagged dependent variables and trending regressors. The error process can be dependent and heteroskedastic. For nonstationary regressors or disturbances, the asymptotic distribution is shown to be skewed. The analytical density function and the cumulative distribution function for the general skewed distribution are derived. The analysis applies to both pure and partial changes. The method is used to analyze the response of market interest rates to discount rate changes.
Clinical Characteristics, Management Strategies, and Cost Implications of a Statewide Outbreak of Enterovirus Meningitis (1995)

A statewide outbreak of enterovirus meningitis occurred in Rhode Island in the summer of 1991. A comprehensive chart review was conducted for determining the demographic and clinical characteristics of the epidemic and for assessing the interinstitutional variation in treatment strategies. Four hundred eight cases were reported, and enteroviruses were recovered in 61 (68%) of 90 cases in which viral isolation was attempted. Of six isolates that were serotyped, all were echovirus 30. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid revealed that an increased total white blood cell count and an increased protein concentration were associated with increasing patient age; however, the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid decreased with increasing patient age and longer durations of illness. Marked variations in treatment strategies between institutions were noted in the use of computed tomography of the head, the administration of empirical antimicrobial agents, and the duration of hospitalization. Considerable health resources could have been saved by rapid detection of the virus, dissemination of information about the outbreak, and a conservative approach to clinical management.
Regeneration of class II furcation defects: determinants of increased success (2005)

One of the most important indications for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment is class II furcation lesion. However, periodontal regeneration of this type of defect, although possible, is not considered totally predictable, especially in terms of complete bone fill. Many factors may account for variability in the response to regenerative therapy in class II furcation. The purpose of this review is to assess the prognostic significance of factors related to the patient (smoking, stress, diabetes mellitus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other acute and debilitating diseases, and the presence of multiple deep periodontal pockets), local factors (furcal anatomy, defect morphology, thickness of gingival tissue and tooth mobility), surgical treatment (infection control, bone replacement grafts combined with barriers or GTR alone, type of barrier and surgical technique), and postoperative period (plaque control, membrane exposure, membrane retrieval and a regular supportive periodontal care program) for successful of GTR in class II furcations.
AIDA on-line: a glucose and insulin simulator on the WWW (2002)

A glucose and insulin simulator, AIDA on-line, was completed to fulfill a senior design project and is available for educational purposes through the World Wide Web (WWW). Designed to be accessible and usable by anyone who desires to learn more about diabetes, AIDA on-line is available through The Shodor Education Foundation at http://www.shodor.org/aida/. The code for the WWW version was written in Perl and relies heavily on previously completed work on the AIDA glucose-insulin simulator. AIDA on-line allows the user to make modifications in diet and insulin regimen for 40 different pre-programmed "patients" or to create a patient with custom-designed specifications. Multiple simulations can be run in order to compare the results of changes in diet and/or insulin regimen. The results of two different simulations can be displayed on the same graph.
Conductive polymer PEDOT/PSS electrodes on the piezoelectric polymer PVDF (2005)

Inkjet printing of conductive polymers has been successfully done before, but never before has the process been used to electrode piezoelectric polymers as we have done. Piezoelectric polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) rely on high electric fields to take advantage of their mechanical output. The electrodes need to be securely attached to the PVDF and are traditionally made of metal. The rigidity of metal significantly reduces the performance of devices made with PVDF. We have applied much more flexible conductive polymer PEDOT/PSS (3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene-polystyrenesulfonate) electrodes on PVDF using an HP 5850 inkjet printer. The inkjet printing method is simple and cost effective. It deposits the PEDOT/PSS in uniform coatings and allows for the creation of any desired patterns on the surface of the PVDF. We have also constructed bimorphs and actuators using PVDF with the new electrodes.
An energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks (2004)

A wireless network consisting of a large number of small sensors with low-power transceivers can be an effective tool for gathering data in a variety of environments. The data collected by each sensor is communicated through the network to a single processing center that uses all reported data to determine characteristics of the environment or detect an event. The communication or message passing process must be designed to conserve the limited energy resources of the sensors. Clustering sensors into groups, so that sensors communicate information only to clusterheads and then the clusterheads communicate the aggregated information to the processing center, may save energy. In this paper, we propose a distributed, randomized clustering algorithm to organize the sensors in a wireless sensor network into clusters. We then extend this algorithm to generate a hierarchy of clusterheads and observe that the energy savings increase with the number of levels in the hierarchy. Results in stochastic geometry are used to derive solutions for the values of parameters of our algorithm that minimize the total energy spent in the network when all sensors report data through the clusterheads to the processing center.
The thermodynamics of perchlorates. I. Heat capacity of ND4ClO4 from 7 to 345 K and the analysis of heat capacities and related data of NH4ClO4 and ND4ClO4 (1989)

The heat capacity of the orthorhombic salt: deuterated ammonium perchlorate, ND4 ClO4 , was measured from 7 to 345 K using adiabatic calorimetry. The heat capacity against temperature curve is smooth, continuous and without anomaly. Values of the standard molar thermodynamic quantities are presented up to 340 K. The heat capacities of ND4 ClO4 and NH4 ClO4 have been analyzed. The contributions to the vibrational heat capacity from the external optical modes of NH+4 or ND+4, ClO−4 and libration from the external modes of ClO−4 along with those of vibration from the internal optical modes of NH+4 or ND+4 and ClO−4, and the acoustic lattice modes for these ions have been calculated. The difference between the experimental and calculated heat capacity, called the residual heat capacity, equals the contribution from ammonium ion rotation and the thermal expansion of the lattice. With recent thermal expansion data, the correction from constant stress to constant strain has been applied and the derived rotational heat capacities of the NH+4 and ND+4 are determined to be in qualitative agreement with those derived from various rotational models.
ETS-1 Protein Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Expression in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Line SKOV-3 (2012)

Matrix metalloproteinase-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix is a crucial event for invasion and metastasis of malignant cells. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulated by different cytokines and growth factors. VEGF, a potent angiogenic cytokine, induces invasion of ovarian cancer cells through activation of MMPs. Here, we demonstrate that invasion and scattering in SKOV-3 cells were induced by VEGF through the activation of p38 MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. VEGF induced the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 and hence regulated the metastasis of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells, and the activities of these MMPs were reduced after inhibition of PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK pathways. Interestingly, VEGF induced expression of ETS-1 factor, an important trans-regulator of different MMP genes. ETS-1 bound to both MMP-9 and MMP-13 promoters. Furthermore, VEGF acted through its receptor to perform the said functions. In addition, VEGF-induced MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression and in vitro cell invasion were significantly reduced after knockdown of ETS-1 gene. Again, VEGF-induced MMP-9 and MMP-13 promoter activities were down-regulated in ETS-1 siRNA-transfected cells. VEGF enriched ETS-1 in the nuclear fraction in a dose-dependent manner. VEGF-induced expression of ETS-1 and its nuclear localization were blocked by specific inhibitors of the PI3K and p38 MAPK pathways. Therefore, based on these observations, it is hypothesized that the activation of PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK by VEGF results in ETS-1 gene expression, which activates MMP-9 and MMP-13, leading to the invasion and scattering of SKOV-3 cells. The study provides a mechanistic insight into the prometastatic functions of VEGF-induced expression of relevant MMPs.
<title>Extended terrain reconstruction for autonomous vehicles</title> (2000)

This paper presents an image-processing algorithm for estimating both the egomotion of an outdoor robotic platform and the structure of the surrounding terrain. The algorithm is based on correlation, and is embedded in an iterative, multi-resolution framework. As such, it is suited to outdoor ground-based and underwater scenes. Both single-camera rigs and multiple-camera rigs can be accommodated. The use of multiple synchronized cameras results in more rapid convergence of the iterative approach. We describe how the algorithm operates and gives examples of its application in several robotic domains: Autonomous mobility of outdoor robots and Underwater robots.
Functional implications from crystal structures of the conserved <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> protein Maf with and without dUTP (2000)

Three-dimensional structures of functionally uncharacterized proteins may furnish insight into their functions. The potential benefits of three-dimensional structural information regarding such proteins are particularly obvious when the corresponding genes are conserved during evolution, implying an important function, and no functional classification can be inferred from their sequences. The Bacillus subtilis Maf protein is representative of a family of proteins that has homologs in many of the completely sequenced genomes from archaea, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes, but whose function is unknown. As an aid in exploring function, we determined the crystal structure of this protein at a resolution of 1.85 A. The structure, in combination with multiple sequence alignment, reveals a putative active site. Phosphate ions present at this site and structural similarities between a portion of Maf and the anticodon-binding domains of several tRNA synthetases suggest that Maf may be a nucleic acid-binding protein. The crystal structure of a Maf-nucleoside triphosphate complex provides support for this hypothesis and hints at di- or oligonucleotides with either 5'- or 3'-terminal phosphate groups as ligands or substrates of Maf. A further clue comes from the observation that the structure of the Maf monomer bears similarity to that of the recently reported Methanococcus jannaschii Mj0226 protein. Just as for Maf, the structure of this predicted NTPase was determined as part of a structural genomics pilot project. The structural relation between Maf and Mj0226 was not apparent from sequence analysis approaches. These results emphasize the potential of structural genomics to reveal new unexpected connections between protein families previously considered unrelated.
Automated cephalometric landmark detection with confidence regions using Bayesian convolutional neural networks (2020)

Our framework provides cephalometric landmarks and their confidence regions, which could be used as a computer-aided diagnosis tool and education.
The <i>yliA</i> , - <i>B</i> , - <i>C</i> , and - <i>D</i> Genes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Encode a Novel Glutathione Importer with an ATP-Binding Cassette (2005)

Glutathione protects cells and organisms from oxygen species and peroxides and is indispensable for aerobically living organisms. Moreover, it acts against xenobiotics and drugs by the formation and excretion of glutathione S conjugates. In this study, we show that the yliA, -B, -C, and -D genes of Escherichia coli K-12 encode a glutathione transporter with the ATP-binding cassette. The transporter imports extracellular glutathione into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner. This transporter, along with gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, has an important role in E. coli growth with glutathione as a sole sulfur source.
ReRAM-based 4T2R nonvolatile TCAM with 7x NVM-stress reduction, and 4x improvement in speed-wordlength-capacity for normally-off instant-on filter-based search engines used in big-data processing (2014)

This study proposes an RC-filtered stress-decoupled (RCSD) 4T2R nonvolatile TCAM (nvTCAM) to 1) suppress match-line (ML) leakage current from match cells (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ML-M</sub> ), 2) reduce ML parasitic load (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ML</sub> ), 3) decouple NVM-stress from wordlength (WDL) and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ML-MIS</sub> . RCSD reduces NVM-stress by 7+x, and achieves a 4+x improvement in speed-WDL-capacity-product. A 128×32b RCSD nvTCAM macro was fabricated using HfO ReRAM and an 180nm CMOS. This paper presents the first ReRAM-based nvTCAM featuring the shortest (1.2ns) search delay (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SD</sub> ) among nvTCAMs with WDL≥32b.
Excitons in a photosynthetic light-harvesting system: A combined molecular dynamics, quantum chemistry, and polaron model study (2002)

The dynamics of pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interactions in light-harvesting complexes is studied with an approach that combines molecular dynamics simulations with quantum chemistry calculations and a polaron model analysis. The molecular dynamics simulation of light-harvesting (LH) complexes was performed on an 87 055 atom system comprised of a LH-II complex of Rhodospirillum molischianum embedded in a lipid bilayer and surrounded with appropriate water layers. For each of the 16 B850 bacteriochlorophylls (BChls), we performed 400 ab initio quantum chemistry calculations on geometries that emerged from the molecular dynamical simulations, determining the fluctuations of pigment excitation energies as a function of time. From the results of these calculations we construct a time-dependent Hamiltonian of the B850 exciton system from which we determine within linear response theory the absorption spectrum. Finally, a polaron model is introduced to describe both the excitonic and coupled phonon degrees of freedom by quantum mechanics. The exciton-phonon coupling that enters into the polaron model, and the corresponding phonon spectral function, are derived from the molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry simulations. The model predicts that excitons in the B850 BChl ring are delocalized over five pigments at room temperature. Also, the polaron model permits the calculation of the absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the B850 excitons from the sole knowledge of the autocorrelation function of the excitation energies of individual BChls, which is readily available from the combined molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry simulations. The obtained results are found to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured absorption and circular dichroism spectra.
Misunderstandings in Intercultural Communication : Different Strategies in Making the Point in a Story Between Japanese and Americans (2006)

This paper examines misunderstandings triggered by communication style differences between Japanese and Americans. Specifically, this paper explores how a Japanese wife makes the point of her story to her American husband and examines how she reaches to her point and why he has difficulty understanding it. The way people express the main point of their conversation can differ dramatically depending on cultural backgrounds. Japanese prefer the main point being understood within the context instead of the speaker explicitly stating it, which often makes the main point of Japanese speakers’story unclear and difficult to understand for non-Japanese. Careful analysis of the data in this study shows that the Japanese wife states the point of her story at the end and her American husband has difficulty following to her story and misunderstands her point a couple of times through the interaction. This evidence supports the previous research findings. Key words: intercultural communication, intercultural marriage, point of a story, misunderstanding
Investigation of etalon effects in GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well modulators (1989)

We have simulated the modulation properties in transmission and reflection of an electrically active Fabry-Perot etalon containing a GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well pin structure. The calculations are based on our measurements of room temperature electro-absorption in a nonresonant device, rather than an empirical model, and generate the optimum values of modulation for any given etalon by selection of the appropriate cavity length. It is found that improved modulation can be obtained compared to the non-resonant device, mainly due to multiple-pass electro-absorption. For example, a device with front and back mirror reflectivities of 0.3 and 0.9 respectively, and a 1 μm thick multiple quantum well structure, shows a change in reflection from about 75% to 10% at ≃865 nm when biased from 0 to −10 V. To obtain even higher changes in transmission or reflection and to utilise the electro-refractive properties of the material, high finesse cavities are needed. This however, appears to impose severe constraints on the epitaxial growth accuracy and operational stability of such devices.
Integrated surface and plate acoustic wave sensors for health monitoring (2007)

Piezoelectric films sprayed onto metal substrates together with interdigital transducer electrodes form the integrated Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (RAW) transducers to excite and detect RAW. Using integrated longitudinal (L) wave ultrasonic transducers (UTs) and mode conversion from L waves to shear waves symmetrical, anti-symmetrical and shear horizontal types of guided plate acoustic waves have been generated and received in aluminum alloy plates. These transducers can be operated in pulse-echo mode for in-situ non-destructive testing (NDT) and/or health monitoring purposes in a distance of hundreds of mini-meters at 150°C. Examples of using such waves for NDT of defects are also demonstrated.
Nonprotein Amino Acids of Plants:  Significance in Medicine, Nutrition, and Agriculture (2003)

Those nonprotein amino acids found in food and fodder plants and known to be toxic to man and domestic animals are described. These include toxins from many legume genera including Lathyrus, from other higher plant families, from seaweeds, and from fungi. Some inhibit protein synthesis, while others are incorporated into proteins with toxic effects. Basic processes such as urea synthesis and neurotransmission may be disrupted. The probable roles of nonprotein amino acids in protecting plants against predators, pathogens, and competing plant species are considered. The need to learn more of the nutritive value of nontoxic nonprotein amino acids and to explore the potential of others either as drugs or as leads to drugs in human and veterinary medicine is emphasized.
ATP-Sensitive K<sup>+</sup> Channels (1994)

International audience