gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength-interrogated optical sensor for biochemical applications (2000)

A novel miniature integrated-optical sensor for versatile multichannel applications is described. Wavelength-modulation techniques using laser diodes (vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers) are used to interrogate multiple-waveguide sensing regions on a single integrated-optical chip for accurate measurement of effective refractive-index changes at a high data rate. With the experimental miniature sensor system, a resolution of DN(PP) = 10(-7) (short term, peak to peak) of the effective refractive index was demonstrated. In terms of surface-mass coverage, this resolution corresponds to D?(PP) = 130 fg/mm(2).
Various Nonlinearity Mitigation Techniques Employing Optical and Electronic Approaches (2011)

In this letter, we directly compare digital back-propagation (DBP) with spectral inversion (SI) both with and without symmetry correction via dispersive chirping, and numerically demonstrate that predispersed SI outperforms traditional SI, and approaches the performance of computationally exhaustive ideal DBP. Furthermore, we propose for the first time a novel practical scheme employing predispersed SI to compensate the bulk of channel nonlinearities, and DBP to accommodate the residual penalties due to varying SI location, with predispersed SI ubiquitously employed along the transmission link with <;0.5-dB penalty. Our results also show that predispersed SI enables partial compensation of cross-phase modulation effects, increasing the transmission reach by ×2.
Multiphoton upconversion thin film materials (1998)

The upconversion fluophosphor codoped erbium-ytterbium was powdered into a grain diameter of near 1 micrometers . The upconversion powder was mixed with glue and addition agent. The colloid was printed on a sheet of paper forming a pattern shaped by a mask. The upconversion powder is white and the glue is transparent. As-printed pattern is too thin to see by human eyes. An intense visible pattern in green with wavelength of 542 nm has been observed at room temperature on the sheet of the paper using a GaAs infrared light emission diode as a pump source with a main wavelength of 900 nm. The fabrication process of the invisible pattern on the paper has been described in detail. The upconversion mechanism has been discussed.
The linux terminal server project: thin clients and linux (2000)

Linux makes a great platform for deploying diskless workstations that boot from a network server. The LTSP is an open source project to create the administration tools that will make setting up a diskless workstation easier. This document provides a description of how a diskless workstation works, describes how to obtain the ltsp distribution and how to install the LTSP.
The Impact of Interference on Multi-Level-Cell Applications in Scaled Nitride-Storage Flash Memory (2008)

Coupling interference from adjacent cells of conventional floating gate structure has become a main limiting factor of the scalability of NAND-type flash memory (J. Lee et al., 2002). The better immunity against the interference issue is always considered as the advantage of nitride-storage flash memory, which has been another mainstream of non-volatile memory because of its easy integration and the two-bit storage capability (B. Eitan, et al., 2000), (W.J. Tsai et al., 2001). However, it has been disclosed that the similar interference still exists in nitride-storage memory as wordlines become close enough (Y.W. Cheng et al., 2007). In this paper, the interference is further investigated in the programmed cells and it was demonstrated that the interference enlarges first and then diminishes as the programming level of the interfered bit increases. Such special turnaround interference will play an important role on the window definition for MLC (multi-level-ell) applications.
Expressed cadherin pseudogenes are localized to the critical region of the spinal muscular atrophy gene. (1995)

Low-copy repeats have been associated with genomic rearrangements and have been implicated in the generation of mutations in several diseases. Here we characterize a subset of low-copy repeats in the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) region in human chromosome 5q13. We show that this repeated sequence, named c41-cad, is a highly expressed pseudogene derived from an intact neuronal cadherin gene, Br-cadherin, situated on 5p13-14. Br-cadherin is expressed specifically in the brain, whereas the c41-cad transcripts are 10-15 times more abundant and are present in all tissues examined. We speculate that the c41-cad repeats, separately or in concert with other repeats in the SMA region, are involved in the pathogenesis of SMA by promoting rearrangements and deletions.
Modeling deepwater reservoir analogs through analysis of recent sediments using coherence, seismic amplitude, and bathymetry data, Sigsbee Escarpment, Green Canyon, Gulf of Mexico (1999)

Coherence maps, extracted from high-resolution 3-D seismic data at an interval just below the seafloor provide an effective tool for analysis of reservoir analogs in older depositional sequences. This paper defines the geometry and depositional setting of Pleistocene to Recent sediments deposited in front of, and behind, the Sigsbee Escarpment, in the southeastern corner of Green Canyon, Gulf of Mexico.
Large-scale image classification: Fast feature extraction and SVM training (2011)

Most research efforts on image classification so far have been focused on medium-scale datasets, which are often defined as datasets that can fit into the memory of a desktop (typically 4G~48G). There are two main reasons for the limited effort on large-scale image classification. First, until the emergence of ImageNet dataset, there was almost no publicly available large-scale benchmark data for image classification. This is mostly because class labels are expensive to obtain. Second, large-scale classification is hard because it poses more challenges than its medium-scale counterparts. A key challenge is how to achieve efficiency in both feature extraction and classifier training without compromising performance. This paper is to show how we address this challenge using ImageNet dataset as an example. For feature extraction, we develop a Hadoop scheme that performs feature extraction in parallel using hundreds of mappers. This allows us to extract fairly sophisticated features (with dimensions being hundreds of thousands) on 1.2 million images within one day. For SVM training, we develop a parallel averaging stochastic gradient descent (ASGD) algorithm for training one-against-all 1000-class SVM classifiers. The ASGD algorithm is capable of dealing with terabytes of training data and converges very fast-typically 5 epochs are sufficient. As a result, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on the ImageNet 1000-class classification, i.e., 52.9% in classification accuracy and 71.8% in top 5 hit rate.
Drillstring Torsional Vibrations: Comparison Between Theory and Experiment on a Full-Scale Research Drilling Rig (1986)

This paper presents a mathematical method for the computation of torsional resonance frequencies in a drillstring. The torsional resonance frequencies in a drillstring are readily calculated from the nominal drillstring dimensions. A high degree of accuracy is achieved when a correction factor to the torsional propagation velocity in drillpipe due to the offsets at the drillpipe joints is incorporated into the calculations. The theory and computer program were tested against data recorded in a 1000m deep, nearly vertical well. Torsional spectra were recorded with the bit off bottom at 450m, 550m, and 1000m and while drilling. Well defined torsional resonances were observed for frequencies up to 40 Hz. The calculated resonance frequencies are in very good agreement with all experimental data.
Minocycline Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression, Microglial Activation, and Caspase-3 Activation in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Retinopathy (2005)

Diabetes leads to vascular leakage, glial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis within the retina. The goal of the studies reported here was to determine the role that retinal microglial cells play in diabetic retinopathy and assess whether minocycline can decrease microglial activation and alleviate retinal complications. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that retinal microglia are activated early in diabetes. Furthermore, mRNAs for interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, proinflammatory mediators known to be released from microglia, are also increased in the retina early in the course of diabetes. Using an in vitro bioassay, we demonstrated that cytokine-activated microglia release cytotoxins that kill retinal neurons. Furthermore, we showed that neuronal apoptosis is increased in the diabetic retina, as measured by caspase-3 activity. Minocycline represses diabetes-induced inflammatory cytokine production, reduces the release of cytotoxins from activated microglia, and significantly reduces measurable caspase-3 activity within the retina. These results indicate that inhibiting microglial activity may be an important strategy in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and that drugs such as minocycline hold promise in delaying or preventing the loss of vision associated with this disease.
Biological differences between ischemia, hypoglycemia, and epilepsy (1988)

Ischemia, hypoglycemia, and epilepsy have long been thought to produce similar or identical brain damage. Furthermore, these insults have been assumed to be additive in their damaging effects. These notions have been based on neuropathological observations in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, and on the tenet that energy failure (ischemia, hypoglycemia) and increased demand for energy (epilepsy) similarly give rise to selective neuronal necrosis. Recently, other bases for considering these three insults identical have grown out of observations that loss of calcium homeostasis is common to all and that an excitotoxic mechanism of selective neuronal necrosis exists in all three conditions. Fundamental differences between ischemia, hypoglycemia, and epilepsy include the underlying neurochemical changes induced, the neuronal revival times, the time course of neuronal death, the distribution of selective neuronal necrosis, and the likely excitotoxins released. Lactic acid accumulation, implicated in damage to the neuropil as well as to neuronal cell bodies, also occurs to different degrees and in different distributions in the three conditions. The degree and distribution of pannecrosis is thus also different in ischemia, hypoglycemia, and epilepsy.
Treatment methods for waste to be landfilled (2009)

The legal framework establishes criteria for the acceptance of waste at landfills. That means that certain types of waste require specific treatment prior to landfilling in order to meet the waste acceptance criteria (WAC). This project presents a compilation and evaluation of existing information on treatment methods and technology for selected types of “problem waste” that does not comply with WAC. For some waste types the same treatment methods may be applied to improve their properties in relation to reuse. Three waste streams were selected: bottom ash and residues from air pollution control from municipal solid waste incinerator, and shredder residues. Residues from air pollution control and from shredder constitute real problems in relation to landfilling, while the problems for bottom ash are more related to reuse. A brief discussion on the properties and treatment options for ashes from the incineration of biofuels (wood chips or straw) is also included. The report describes the landfill WAC in each of the Nordic countries. Next, the waste properties that may have to be improved to comply with the acceptance criteria are discussed, and a general overview of available waste treatment principles is given. Finally the properties, the potential problems associated with compliance with the landfill WAC, and the treatment options are described for each of the three waste streams. The treatment methods are described and evaluated in terms of technical efficiency, limitations, economy and compliance with appropriate landfill WAC.
Physics-Enhanced Machine Learning for Virtual Fluorescence Microscopy (2021)

This paper introduces a new method of data-driven microscope design for virtual fluorescence microscopy. We use a deep neural network (DNN) to effectively design optical patterns for specimen illumination that substantially improve upon the ability to infer fluorescence image information from unstained microscope images. To achieve this design, we include an illumination model within the DNN’s first layers that is jointly optimized during network training. We validated our method on two different experimental setups, with different magnifications and sample types, to show a consistent improvement in performance as compared to conventional microscope imaging methods. Additionally, to understand the importance of learned illumination on the inference task, we varied the number of illumination patterns being optimized (and thus the number of unique images captured) and analyzed how the structure of the patterns changed as their number increased. This work demonstrates the power of programmable optical elements at enabling better machine learning algorithm performance and at providing physical insight into next generation of machine-controlled imaging systems.
Syntheses of monometalated and unsymmetrically substituted binuclear phthalocyanines and a pentanuclear phthalocyanine by solution and polymer support methods (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of monometalated and unsymmetrically substituted binuclear phthalocyanines and a pentanuclear phthalocyanine by solution and polymer support methodsClifford C. Leznoff, Polina I. Svirskaya, Ben Khouw, Ronald L. Cerny, Penny Seymour, and A. B. P. LeverCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 82–90Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views917Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aeroelastic Characteristics of Composite Bearingless Rotor Blades (1977)

Owing to the inherent unique structural features of composite bearingless rotors, various assumptions upon which conventional rotor aeroelastic analyses are formulated, are violated. Three such features identified are highly nonlinear and time-varying structural twist, structural redundancy in bending and torsion, and for certain configurations a strongly coupled low frequency bending-torsion mode. An examination of these aeroelastic considerations and appropriate formulations required for accurate analyses of such rotor systems is presented. Also presented are test results from a dynamically scaled model rotor and complementary analytic results obtained with the appropriately reformulated aeroelastic analysis.
Computationally designed libraries of fluorescent proteins evaluated by preservation and diversity of function (2006)

To determine which of seven library design algorithms best introduces new protein function without destroying it altogether, seven combinatorial libraries of green fluorescent protein variants were designed and synthesized. Each was evaluated by distributions of emission intensity and color compiled from measurements made in vivo. Additional comparisons were made with a library constructed by error-prone PCR. Among the designed libraries, fluorescent function was preserved for the greatest fraction of samples in a library designed by using a structure-based computational method developed and described here. A trend was observed toward greater diversity of color in designed libraries that better preserved fluorescence. Contrary to trends observed among libraries constructed by error-prone PCR, preservation of function was observed to increase with a library's average mutation level among the four libraries designed with structure-based computational methods.
Efficient dataflow representation of MPEG-1 audio (layer III) decoder algorithm with controlled global states (2003)

We present an efficient dataflow representation of MPEG-1 Audio (Layer III) Decoder (MP3) algorithm with controlled global states. Although dataflow graph has been a successful representation language for DSP applications, lack of global states makes it unsuitable to some applications that require periodic parameter update and dynamic behavior of function blocks. We show the global states can solve these problems and be fused into dataflow graph without any side effect. With a real-life example such as MP3 decoder, we present the novelty and usefulness of our approach.
Isolation and characterization of a novel simazine-degrading bacterium from agricultural soil of central Chile,<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. MHP41 (2008)

s-Triazine herbicides are used extensively in South America in agriculture and forestry. In this study, a bacterium designated as strain MHP41, capable of degrading simazine and atrazine, was isolated from agricultural soil in the Quillota valley, central Chile. Strain MHP41 is able to grow in minimal medium, using simazine as the sole nitrogen source. In this medium, the bacterium exhibited a growth rate of mu=0.10 h(-1), yielding a high biomass of 4.2 x 10(8) CFU mL(-1). Resting cells of strain MHP41 degrade more than 80% of simazine within 60 min. The atzA, atzB, atzC, atzD, atzE and atzF genes encoding the enzymes of the simazine upper and lower pathways were detected in strain MHP41. The motile Gram-negative bacterium was identified as a Pseudomonas sp., based on the Biolog microplate system and comparative sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis allowed the differentiation of strain MHP41 from Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses suggested that strain MHP41 is closely related to Pseudomonas nitroreducens and Pseudomonas multiresinovorans. This is the first s-triazine-degrading bacterium isolated in South America. Strain MHP41 is a potential biocatalyst for the remediation of s-triazine-contaminated environments.
New Coherent Averaging Effect in Magnetic Resonance: Modulation-Induced Reduction of Dipolar Coupling (1976)

Modulation was used in a transient nutation experiment to remove dipolar splitting. We calculate this new effect and demonstrate it for an isolated two-spin system. The relatively simple technique works efficiently for line narrowing in polycrystalline solids and preliminary results indicate that it should be useful for uncovering chemical-shift and heternuclear-coupling information obscured by homonuclear broadening.
An Overview Of Sports Engineering: History, Impact And Research (2013)

Sports engineering can be considered as a new engineering discipline. It bridges the gap between two distinctive fields: sport science and engineering. Sports engineers are responsible in designing and building new equipment based on athlete’s demands, besides measuring the performance of the athlete, the equipment itself, as well as their interaction. It is without doubt that engineering and technology have played an important role not only in improving the performance of an athlete, but also in making sports more entertaining and safe. This article provides an insight into how engineering and technology have affected sports in many ways transforming it from just a past time to more exciting and competitive world events. Apart from the impact of engineering in sports, the history of the application of engineering and technology in sports is also elaborated. Furthermore, research conducted in related fields worldwide is highlighted. A brief overview of sports engineering research in Malaysia is also presented.
Metabolic Assessment of Human Liver Transplants from Biopsy Samples at the Donor and Recipient Stages Using High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

This work presents the first application of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy to human liver biopsy samples, allowing a determination of their metabolic profiles before removal from donors, during cold perfusion, and after implantation into recipients. The assignment of peaks observed in the 1H HR-MAS NMR spectra was aided by the use of two-dimensional J-resolved, TOCSY and 1H-13C HMQC spectra. The spectra were dominated by resonances from triglycerides, phospholipids, and glycogen and from a variety of small molecules including glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glucose, lactate, creatine, acetate, amino acids, and nucleoside-related compounds such as uridine and adenosine. In agreement with histological data obtained on the same biopsies, two of the six livers were found to contain high amounts of triglycerides by NMR spectroscopy, which also indicated that these tissues contained a higher degree of unsaturated lipids and a lower proportion of phospholipids and low molecular weight compounds. Additionally, proton T2 relaxation times indicated two populations of lipids, a higher mobility triglyceride fraction and a lower mobility phospholipid fraction, the proportions of which changed according to the degree of fat content. GPC was found to decrease from the pretransplant to the posttransplant biopsy of all livers except for one with a histologically confirmed high lipid content, and this might represent a biomarker of liver function posttransplantation. NMR signals produced by the liver preservation solution were clearly detected in the cold perfusion stage biopsies of all livers but remained in the posttransplant spectra of only the two livers with a high lipid content and were prominent mainly in the graft that later developed primary graft dysfunction. This study has shown biochemical differences between livers used for transplants that can be related to the degree and type of lipid composition. This technology might therefore provide a novel screening approach for donor organ quality and a means to assess function in the recipient after transplantation.
Reactions between 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-3-nitrosoindole, Activated with Benzoyl Chloride, with Indole and Indolizine Derivatives as Nucleophiles: a Case of 1,3-Migration (1999)

2-Phenyl-3-nitrosoindole activated with PhCOCl reacts with indoles and indolizines (NuH) affording products of 1,2-addiction which undergo 1,3-nucleophilic migration in acid media.
A Brief Overview of the GSM Radio Interface (1996)

This technical memorandum contains a compilation of several papers, reports and books relative to the GSM-900 radio interface. It is not exhaustive and it is restricted to the Traffic Channel/Full-Rate Speech (TCH/FS).