gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic communication (1980)

The British Library has awarded grants to Birmingham and Loughborough Universities for a programme of research into communication through electronic networks. Birmingham will receive a grant of £ 122 000 to supply hardware and software facilities in support of individual research projects, whilst Loughborough will receive £ 134 000 to undertake the first project.
Liquid CO2 for the Stimulation of Low-Permeability Reservoirs (1983)

ABSTRACT The effects of residual fluid in the stimulation of low permeability reservoirs has long been a problem. The use of conventional fracturing fluids (water or oil) in tight reservoirs, especially those considered to be dry gas sands, generally results in the loss of 50-75% of the fracturing fluid. Total recovery of the conventional fracturing fluid is usually never accomplished as the fluid becomes immobile at irreducible saturation. The use of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) as a fracturing fluid was developed to combat the problems of fluid imbibition that are encountered with conventional fluids. The liquid CO2 fracturing system is essentially a non-damaging system that reverts to a gaseous state at static formation conditions. The CO2 is then returned to the surface under controlled rates as a gas. The result being a more rapid cleanup and evaluation of the well following the treatment.
Parallel computation in biological sequence analysis (1998)

A massive volume of biological sequence data is available in over 36 different databases worldwide, including the sequence data generated by the Human Genome project. These databases, which also contain biological and bibliographical information, are growing at an exponential rate. Consequently, the computational demands needed to explore and analyze the data contained in these databases is quickly becoming a great concern. To meet these demands, we must use high performance computing systems, such as parallel computers and distributed networks of workstations. We present two parallel computational methods for analyzing these biological sequences. The first method is used to retrieve sequences that are homologous to a query sequence. The biological information associated with the homologous sequences found in the database may provide important clues to the structure and function of the query sequence. The second method, which helps in the prediction of the function, structure, and evolutionary history of biological sequences, is used to align a number of homologous sequences with each other. These two parallel computational methods were implemented and evaluated on an Intel IPSC/860 parallel computer. The resulting performance demonstrates that parallel computational methods can significantly reduce the computational time needed to analyze the sequences contained in large databases.
Antiquity (2007)

Antiquity is a wide-area distributed storage system designed to provide a simple storage service for applications like file systems and back-up. The design assumes that all servers eventually fail and attempts to maintain data despite those failures. Antiquity uses a secure log to maintain data integrity, replicates each log on multiple servers for durability, and uses dynamic Byzantine fault-tolerant quorum protocols to ensure consistency among replicas. We present Antiquity's design and an experimental evaluation with global and local testbeds. Antiquity has been running for over two months on 400+ PlanetLab servers storing nearly 20,000 logs totaling more than 84 GB of data. Despite constant server churn, all logs remain durable.
Use of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (Insulin Pump) Therapy in the Hospital: A Review of One Institution's Experience (2008)

Insulin pump therapy can be safely continued in the hospital setting. While staff compliance with required procedures was high, there was still room for improvement. More data are needed, however, on whether this method of insulin delivery is effective for controlling hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients.
Overall survival in COLUMBUS: A phase 3 trial of encorafenib (ENCO) plus binimetinib (BINI) vs vemurafenib (VEM) or enco in <i>BRAF</i>-mutant melanoma. (2018)

9504 Background: Combined BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy is standard of care in advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. COLUMBUS Part 1 evaluated ENCO 450 mg once daily (QD) + BINI 45 mg twice daily (BID;COMBO450) vs VEM 960 mg BID or ENCO 300 mg QD (ENCO300) in patients (pts) with advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. The primary study endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); median PFS was 14.9 vs 7.3 mo for COMBO450 vs VEM; hazard ratio (HR): 0.54 (2-sided P< 0.001). Here we report a planned analysis of overall survival (OS), a secondary endpoint of the study. Methods: Pts with advanced/metastatic BRAFV600-mutant melanoma, untreated or progressed on/after first-line immunotherapy, were stratified by disease stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status and prior first-line immunotherapy. Pts in Part 1 were randomized 1:1:1 to COMBO450 (n = 192), ENCO300 (n = 194), or VEM (n = 191). Tumor responses and progression were assessed by blinded independent central review. An analysis of OS was planned after 232 events in the COMBO450 and VEM arms combined. Results: As of data cutoff,105, 106, and 127 events contributed to the OS analysis in the COMBO450, ENCO300, and VEM arms, respectively; median follow-up across arms was 21.5 mo. Median OS was 33.6 mo (95% CI, 24.4-39.2) with COMBO450, 23.5 mo (95% CI, 19.6-33.6) with ENCO300, and 16.9 mo (95% CI, 14.0-24.5) with VEM. Risk of death was reduced with COMBO450 vs VEM (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47-0.79]; nominal 2-sided P< 0.001). Updated median PFS was 14.9 mo (95% CI, 11.0–20.2) with COMBO450, 9.6 mo (95% CI, 7.4–14.8) with ENCO300, and 7.3 mo (95% CI, 5.6–7.9) with VEM. PFS was longer with COMBO450 vs VEM (HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.39–0.67]). Updated response rates, safety data, and information on 2nd-line therapy will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: The best-in-class median PFS of 14.9 and median OS of 33.6 mo suggest that COMBO450 is a promising new regimen for treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. SPONSOR: Array BioPharma Inc. Clinical trial information: NCT01909453.
Ready-to-run Visual Basic「上上」 algorithms (1998)

Fundamental Concepts. Lists. Stacks and Queues. Arrays. Recursion. Trees. Balanced Trees. Decision Trees. Sorting. Searching. Hashing. Network Algorithms. Object-Oriented Techniques. Appendices. Index.
A Functional Threshold for Long-Term Use of Hand and Arm Function Can Be Determined: Predictions From a Computational Model and Supporting Data From the Extremity Constraint-Induced Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) Trial (2009)

Understanding of the causal and nonlinear relationship between limb function and daily use is important for the future development of cost-effective interventions and prevention of "rehabilitation in vain."
Dual-color, Break-apart FISH Assay on Paraffin-embedded Tissues as an Adjunct to Diagnosis of Xp11 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma and Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (2010)

Both Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) are characterized by various translocations disrupting chromosome Xp11.2, which result in gene fusions involving the TFE3 transcription factor gene. Diagnostic tools to detect translocations involving the TFE3 gene on chromosome X would be valuable in the evaluation of these tumors. We developed a dual-color, break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to identify the chromosomal break point in paraffin-embedded tissue. This assay was validated using 4 cases of Xp11.2 RCC [proven by karyotype and/or reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)], 2 cases of ASPS (proven by karyotype or RT-PCR), the UOK109 cell line carrying the inv(X) (p11;q12), and several negative controls (both neoplastic and non-neoplastic). This break-apart FISH assay is a relatively quick procedure for detecting Xp11.2 RCC and ASPS translocations and can be applied to archival paraffin-embedded tissue.
A system for generating user's chronological interest space from web browsing history (2005)

We propose a method that helps users to understand their own interests by extracting terms from selected link texts and generating a new browsing history, and arranging those terms and Web-page icons on to the user's interest space in chronological order. We have implemented a prototype system based on this method. The system's performance was evaluated in two experiments, which revealed that (1) Japanese interest terms can be extracted from the user's selected link texts, (2) the interest-space browser displays the user's interest space on browsing the Web, and (3) the users can use this system to better understand their own interests, recall their past, and reorganize previously browsed Web pages.
Laser doping of chromium in 6H-SiC for white light emitting diodes (2008)

Laser doping has been utilized for fabricating white light emitting diodes with 6H-SiC wafers. The emission of different colors to ultimately generate white light is tailored on the basis of donor acceptor pair (DAP) recombination mechanism for luminescence. Chromium (Cr), which is an unconventional dopant that produces multiple acceptor sites per atom, was incorporated into SiC and conventional dopants such as aluminum (Al) and nitrogen (N) were also laser-doped to produce acceptor and donors states, respectively. A p−n junction was fabricated with these dopants and an electroluminescent broad spectrum (400–850 nm) corresponding to white light was observed. This white light is a result of the combination of red, green, and blue lights formed due to DAP recombination between Al–N (blue, 460–498 nm), Cr–N (green, 521–575 nm) and additional other impurity state transitions (red, 698–738 nm).
A definitive synthesis of 2-[(5-methyl-<i>s</i>-triazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>]quinazolin-3-yl)thio]-<i>N</i>-benzylacetanilide and other reactions of its precursors (1984)

Treatment of 2-methyl-4-chloroquinazoline 2 with hydrazine gave 2-methyl-4-hydrazinoquinazoline 3 which was converted to 5-methyl-3-mercapto-s-triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline 4, followed by S-alkylation with chloro-N-benzylacetanilide to give 6. The hydrazine 3 was converted to the hydrazone 9 with acetone, to 3,5-dimethyltriazolo[4,3-c]-quinazoline 10 with acetic anhydride, and to 5-methyl-s-tetrazolo[1,5-c]-quinazoline 12 via a nitroso intermediate 11 with nitrous acid. Compound 3 and its derivatives 4, 6, 10, and 12 differed from those alleged to have these structures. The previously reported compounds cannot have these structures since X-ray diffraction studies established that the structure of the common precursor is 3. The mercaptotriazole 4 was air oxidized to the disulfide 20 and hydrolyzed to 2-methyl-3-hydrazinothiocarbony]-4(3H)-quinazolinone 19. The reaction of 4 with carbon disulfide gave a side-product for which the 5-methylquinazolino[3,4-c]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-thione 21 is suggested. The 1 H nmr chemical shifts of the quinazoline methyl substituent are near δ 3 ppm in the fully aromatic compounds and at higher field when the heterocycle is non-aromatic.
Chemical Control of Linseed Gall Midge ( Dasyneura Lini Barnes) in Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L. ) (2008)

Five insecticides viz., Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Fenvalerate 20 EC, Monocrotophos 36 SL and Endosulfan 35 EC @ were evaluated against gall midge Dasyneeura lini Barnes on linseed cv 2023, during rabi 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Fenvalerate was highly effective for the control of gall midge, with highest grain yeild and maximum cost: benefit. Its half dose also recorded lower incidence with comparatively higher grain yeild and cost : benefit which was on par with Monocroptophos, Chlorpyriphos and Endosulfan 0.45, 0.25, 0.35 kg. a.i./ha respectively. The above treatments resulted in significant reduction of gall midge incidence (7.58 to 28.50%) as compared to 47.48% in untreated plots
Condensation of Unsaturated Compounds with Formaldehyde (the Prins Reaction) (1968)

CONTENTS I. Synthesis of 1,3-dioxans from olefins in the presence of acid catalysts 17 II. Synthesis of 1,3-dioxans from aryl-substituted olefins 18 III. Synthesis of 1,3-dioxans from halogeno-olefins 19 IV. Synthesis of 1,3-dioxans from cyclic olefins 19 V. Synthesis of 1,3-dioxans from diolefins 20 VI. Synthesis of 1,3-dioxans from enyne and dienyne hydrocarbons 22 VII. The mechanism of the Prins reaction 22 VIII. Properties and applications of 1,3-dioxans 22 IX. Infrared spectra of substituted 1,3-dioxans 23 X. Synthesis of 1,3-dioxans from terpene hydrocarbons 23
Interfacial Rheology of Petroleum Asphaltenes at the Oil−Water Interface (2004)

A biconical bob interfacial shear rheometer was used to study the mechanical properties of asphaltenic films adsorbed at the oil-water interface. Solutions of asphaltenes isolated from four crude oils were dissolved in a model oil of heptane and toluene and allowed to adsorb and age in contact with water. Film elasticity (G') values were measured over a period of several days, and yield stresses and film masses were determined at the end of testing. The degree of film consolidation was determined from ratios of G'/film mass and yield stress/G'. Asphaltenes with higher concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, 330-360 ppm; V, 950-1000 ppm), lower aromaticity (H/C, 1.24-1.29), and higher polarity (N, 1.87-1.99) formed films of high elasticity, yield stress, and consolidation. Rapid adsorption kinetics and G' increases were seen when asphaltenes were near their solubility limit in heptane-toluene mixtures (approximately 50% (v/v) toluene). In solvents of greater aromaticity, adsorption kinetics and film masses were reduced at comparable aging times. Poor film forming asphaltenes had yield stress/G' values ((1.01-1.21) x 10(-2)) more than 4-fold lower than those of good film forming asphaltenes. n-heptane asphaltenes fractionated by filtering solutions prepared at low aromaticity (approximately 40% toluene in mixtures of heptane and toluene) possessed higher concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen and higher aromaticity. The less soluble fractions of good film forming asphaltenes exhibited enhanced adsorption kinetics and higher G' and yield stress values in pure toluene. Replacing the asphaltene solutions with neat heptane-toluene highlighted the ability of films to consolidate and become more elastic over several hours. Adding resins in solution to a partially consolidated film caused a rapid reduction in elasticity followed by gradual but modest consolidation. This study is among the first to directly relate asphaltene chemistry to adsorption kinetics, adsorbed film mechanical properties, and consolidation kinetics.
Oscillations and chaos in a flow model of a switching system (1991)

Field data from digital switching systems in an access tandem environment indicate unexpectedly large queuing delays at moderate occupancies. It is shown that these delays are caused by an effect called traffic synchronization, which is the batching of a system's workload caused by interactions between the system and incident traffic. The authors develop a flow model to study this effect and show that a momentary overload can cause sustained oscillations in the system's queues. There are several steady-state modes of operation, and it is shown that for certain parameter ranges the system is chaotic. Such oscillatory behavior can significantly lower the real-time capacity of the switching system, and controls to limit the synchronization effect are suggested. These controls are incorporated into the flow model and analyzed. The results described are validated by numerical studies, simulations, and field data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A MOS Image Sensor With a Digital-Microlens (2008)

We have developed a MOS image sensor with digital-microlenses (DMLs), each of which has an effective refractive index realized by variation of the subwavelength separations between the concentric SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ring walls. The effective refractive index profiles are optimized for the location of each pixel. The light-collection efficiency of the image sensor is twice as high as that of a conventional image sensor because of the enhanced light acceptance in the periphery. A 2.2-mum pitch 3-megapixel MOS image sensor based on the DML technology exhibited excellent uniformity of the light-collection efficiency across the image area, even for light with a very large incident angle, i.e., over 45deg. The DML promises new levels of performance of image sensors.
Clinical study of a survivin long peptide vaccine (SurVaxM) in patients with recurrent malignant glioma (2016)

Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in many cancers, including malignant gliomas. Preclinical studies established that the conjugated survivin peptide mimic SurVaxM (SVN53-67/M57-KLH) could stimulate an anti-tumor immune response against murine glioma in vivo, as well as human glioma cells ex vivo. The current clinical study was conducted to test safety, immunogenicity and clinical effects of the vaccine. Recurrent malignant glioma patients whose tumors were survivin-positive, and who had either HLA-A*02 or HLA-A*03 MHC class I allele-positivity, were given subcutaneous injections of SurVaxM (500 μg) in Montanide ISA 51 with sargramostim (100 μg) at 2-week intervals. SurVaxM was well tolerated with mostly grade one adverse events (AE) and no serious adverse events (SAE) attributable to the study drug. Six patients experienced local injection site reactions; three patients reported fatigue (grades 1 and 2), and 2 patients experienced myalgia (grade 1). Six of eight immunologically evaluable patients developed both cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccine. The vaccine also stimulated HLA-A*02, HLA-A*03 and HLA-A*24 restricted T cell responses. Three patients maintained a partial clinical response or stable disease for more than 6 months. Median progression-free survival was 17.6 weeks, and median overall survival was 86.6 weeks from study entry with seven of nine patients surviving more than 12 months.
Twisted Core Coupled Inductors for Microprocessor Voltage Regulators (2007)

In the past few years, coupled inductors are more and more popular in microprocessor voltage regulators(VRs) for they can increase the VRs' steady state and transient performances. In this paper, twisted core coupled inductors are proposed to reduce the winding path of coupled inductors. Then, the reluctance model of twisted core coupled inductors is proposed. After that, based on the proposed reluctance model, the design procedure of twisted core coupled inductors is shown. Finally, experimental results verify the proposed twisted core coupled inductors and the reluctance model.
Studies on Kinetics and Reuse of Spent Liquor in the TEMPO-Mediated Selective Oxidation of Mechanical Pulp (2009)

The kinetics and reuse of spent liquor in the TEMPO-mediated oxidation of mechanical pulp have been studied. It was found that the oxidation reaction of the mechanical pulp by the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)−NaBr−NaOCl system can be approximately described by first-order kinetics with respect to TEMPO and NaBr. In the concentration range used, the rate constant k is directly proportional to the concentration of TEMPO and NaBr, whereas the concentration of NaOCl determines the end of conversion of the primary alcohol groups on the mechanical pulp into carboxylic acid groups. It was also found that the spent reaction liquor can be recycled and reused with reinforced addition of NaOCl without additional TEMPO and NaBr and remains effective in generating carboxylic acid groups on mechanical pulp.
Could olfactory displays improve data visualization? (2004)

Smell (olfaction) can be critical to our daily living - for example, smelling smoke from a fire in time to leave a burning building - but it is seldom used in data visualizations or virtual reality (VR) systems. Could olfaction displays (devices that output scented air) augment data visualization, that is, communicate information relevant to many fields? Perhaps incorporating underutilized modalities such as haptics (touch), olfaction, and gustation (taste) as data visualization aids is the next logical step to optimizing human information processing. It seems reasonable that adding the sense of smell to a virtual environment (VE) would enhance the environment's presence or "realness". Attempts have been made to include olfactory displays in VEs (for example, John Cater's Deep Immersion Virtual Environment Laboratory at the Southwest Research Institute), but most have been unsuccessful. One reason is the lack of a standard to represent and playback smells. Olfactory effects could play a crucial role in certain training environments, such as those for fire fighters and medical personnel. Current VEs include advanced visual and audio outputs, but smell is either very limited or absent. Very few studies focus on this subject, with most discussing ambient (whole-room and long-duration) rather than specific (localized and short-duration) odors, which are relevant to data visualization and VR.
Control of Pipeline Corrosion (2001)

This book presents practices, techniques, materials, and equipment used for basic corrosion and cathodic protection of pipelines. Written by an electrical engineer and a leading authority on control of pipeline corrosion in the United States and overseas. Presents formulas, practices, and recommendations based on study of large and small pipeline systems. Includes survey methods and techniques, groundbed design, instrumentation, construction practices, maintenance procedures, and economics. Evaluates cathodic protection with rectifiers, galvanic anodes, and other current sources.
Standard orthotopic heart transplantation (2018)

The very first clinical transplants used a technique, with anastomoses of atrium to atrium, which had been developed to allow successful canine experiments (1). A small modification by Barnard led the suture line away from the sino-atrial node. Many years later Sievers (2) described the intact right atrium, with separate caval anastomoses, now the standard procedure, with a proven decrease in need for permanent pacemakers. A further refinement, with intact left atrium and separate pulmonary venous cuff anastomoses (3), the “total orthotopic transplant" has not proven popular.
Antioxidative activity of benzylideneascorbate and its effect on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. (1995)

The in vitro antioxidative activity of benzylideneascorbate (SBA) and the in vivo effect on adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiotoxicity in a mouse model were investigated. The radical-scavenging activity of SBA was assayed in terms of reduction of chemiluminescence induced by O2-, generated in xanthine/xanthine oxidase and macrophage/phorbol myristate acetate reaction systems. SBA showed a strong antioxidative activity (IC50 = 3 to 4 microM) in both assay systems, though its activity was weaker than that of ascorbic acid (Asc). In the assay of the antioxidative activity against auto-oxidation of linolenic acid, SBA was stable and retained its potency for a long period of time in comparison with Asc, 6-palmitoylascorbic acid (6-P-Asc) and cysteamine (CysNH2). Electron spin resonance examination indicated that SBA strongly scavenged both superoxide anion and hydroxy radical. The in vivo protective effect of SBA against ADR-induced cardiotoxicity, in which active oxygen radicals play a role, was examined. The serum creatine phosphokinase activity, a parameter of cardiotoxicity, was remarkably increased from the 3rd day until the 4th day after ADR treatment. This elevation was significantly suppressed by SBA treatment, whereas Asc, 6-P-Asc and CysNH2 were ineffective. SBA could have clinical potential for the treatment of diabetes and other disorders in which active oxygen species play a pathogenic role.