gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the latex agglutination test with the hemagglutination inhibition test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and neutralization test for detection of antibodies to rubella virus (1982)

The ability of a rapid, latex agglutination test to diagnose rubella infection and to measure immune status was evaluated by comparison with the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the neutralization (NT) test. The latex agglutination test accurately detected serological conversions in 74 pairs of sera representing 21 natural infections and 53 immunizations. The antibody levels of 276 sera from the general population were determined by latex agglutination, HAI, and ELISA. The correlation coefficients between the titers obtained by HAI and latex agglutination and by ELISA and latex agglutination were statistically significant. Results on 12 sera did not agree when measured by the three tests. These sera were included among the 196 specimens tested by NT. The correlation coefficient between NT and latex agglutination titers was statistically significant. There was one serum positive by latex agglutination but negative by NT, and five sera were negative by latex agglutination but had titers of 4 to 8 in the NT. The relative sensitivity of detecting antibody was greater by latex agglutination than by HAI. An additional 49 sera containing residual nonspecific hemagglutinin inhibitors were evaluated by latex agglutination and NT. The untreated sera showed no false positive reactions, and 36 of 39 NT positive sera were positive in the latex agglutination test.
www.SolarMonitor.org (2014)

Poster presented by Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE) student Michael Tierney (TCD) at the Irish National Astronomy Meeting in TCD (www.inam2014.com). What is Solar Monitor? On a daily basis, the sun releases large amounts of magnetic energy (1025 Joules) in the form of X-rays, EUV (Extreme ultraviolet), radio waves and high energy particles. Such activity can be detrimental to space and ground based technological infrastructure. It is for this reason that there is a need to monitor solar activity for any potential threats to earth. The main purpose of Solar Monitor is to provide near real-time information on solar activity and in order to characterise this potential threat. It is accessible to a wide variety of users, ranging from solar physicists to amateur astronomers. It has an easy-to-use layout with many features including active region information, flare forecasting and full solar disk images. The purpose of this project was to improve the flare prediction page in order to allow for a quicker and more intuitive interpretation of flaring probabilities.
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants (2013)

Small GTPases largely control membrane traffic, which is essential for the survival of all eukaryotes. Among the small GTP-binding proteins, ARF1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1) and SAR1 (Secretion-Associated RAS super family 1) are commonly conserved among all eukaryotes with respect to both their functional and sequential characteristics. The ARF1 and SAR1 GTP-binding proteins are involved in the formation and budding of vesicles throughout plant endomembrane systems. ARF1 has been shown to play a critical role in COPI (Coat Protein Complex I)-mediated retrograde trafficking in eukaryotic systems, whereas SAR1 GTPases are involved in intracellular COPII-mediated protein trafficking from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. This review offers a summary of vesicular trafficking with an emphasis on the ARF1 and SAR1 expression patterns at early growth stages and in the de-etiolation process.
Expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in cells of non-epithelial origin (1991)

Consistent with the fact that the clinical disorder cystic fibrosis (CF) is manifested on epithelial surfaces, active transcription of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and CFTR mRNA transcripts are detectable in a variety of epithelial cells, suggesting CFTR gene expression might be epithelial cell-specific. However, analysis of the CFTR gene promoter suggests it is a housekeeping gene, implying more widespread expression than only in epithelial cells. To evaluate the latter hypothesis, various human cells of non-epithelial origin, including lung fibroblasts, U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cells, K-562 erythroleukemia cells, HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells as well as freshly isolated blood lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and alveolar macrophages were examined for CFTR gene expression. Although Northern analysis failed to show CFTR mRNA transcripts in these cells, amplification of mRNA (after conversion to cDNA) by polymerase chain reaction combined with Southern analysis demonstrated the presence of CFTR mRNA transcripts at low levels in all cells evaluated except HL-60 cells. Comparative quantitative analysis showed fibroblasts contained 200-400 fold less CFTR mRNA transcripts than the T84 and HT-29 colon carcinoma epithelial cell lines, but had similar levels of CFTR transcripts to those of other epithelial cell lines. Nuclear transcription run-on analyses demonstrated very low level CFTR gene transcription in fibroblasts and U-937 cells, similar to that of other epithelial cells, but lower than the T84 and HT-29 colon carcinoma cell lines. Interestingly, while chromatin DNA of fibroblasts had no DNase I hypersensitivity sites in the 5' flanking region of the CFTR gene, HT-29 chromatin DNA exhibited four DNase I accessible sites in the same region, suggesting that these sites may be related to more active transcription of the CFTR gene in the intestinal epithelial cells than in fibroblasts.
Named entity mining from click-through data using weakly supervised latent dirichlet allocation (2009)

This paper addresses Named Entity Mining (NEM), in which we mine knowledge about named entities such as movies, games, and books from a huge amount of data. NEM is potentially useful in many applications including web search, online advertisement, and recommender system. There are three challenges for the task: finding suitable data source, coping with the ambiguities of named entity classes, and incorporating necessary human supervision into the mining process. This paper proposes conducting NEM by using click-through data collected at a web search engine, employing a topic model that generates the click-through data, and learning the topic model by weak supervision from humans. Specifically, it characterizes each named entity by its associated queries and URLs in the click-through data. It uses the topic model to resolve ambiguities of named entity classes by representing the classes as topics. It employs a method, referred to as Weakly Supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation (WS-LDA), to accurately learn the topic model with partially labeled named entities. Experiments on a large scale click-through data containing over 1.5 billion query-URL pairs show that the proposed approach can conduct very accurate NEM and significantly outperforms the baseline.
Parameters for selective colorimetric sensing of mercury(<scp>ii</scp>) in aqueous solutions using mercaptopropionic acid-modified gold nanoparticles (2006)

We unveil a new homogeneous assay-using mercaptopropionic acid-modified Au nanoparticles in the presence of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Hg(2+) ions.
EFFEC T OF MOLYBDENUM AND OTHER OXIDES ON SURFACE TENSION OF SILICATE MELTS AND ON PROPERTIES OF REFRACTORIES AND ABRASIVES* (1946)

A bstract A modification of the drop‐weight method of measuring surface tension in molten silicates is used to determine the effect of small additions of MoO 3 , V 2 O 6 , WO 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , Ni 3 O 4 , CO 3 O 3 , MnO 2 , UO 2 , and As 2 O 3 to a glaze, a glass, and an enamel composition. Molybdenum trioxide is found to be an outstanding surface‐tension reducer or wetting agent. The use of lowered surface tension in coatings and bonds has made possible oxidationresistant graphite crucibles and silicon carbide refractories; harder, long‐lived, free‐cutting abrasive wheels; and coated abrasive grain with improved adherence to glue.
High field effect mobility in Si face 4H-SiC MOSFET transistors (2004)

A report is made on field effect mobility of 150 cm2/Vs in lateral n-channel Si face 4H-SiC MOSFETs made by gate oxidation in N2O ambient. The high mobility is correlated with a two orders of magnitude reduction in density of interface states near the SiC conduction band edge when compared to gate oxides made in a wet or dry oxygen ambient.
An Etch-Stop Barrier Structure for GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (2013)

We present an etch-stop barrier structure for GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. With this new etch-stop structure, gate recess can be precisely controlled while maintaining a low surface defect density. Normally off GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor FETs fabricated using the new technology demonstrated a record effective channel mobility of 1131 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ·V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ·s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with a subthreshold slope of 62 mV/decade. Due to the low interface density of states, these devices have very low hysteresis and negligible frequency dispersion in the capacitance-voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> ) measurements.
Towards an analysis of range query performance in spatial data structures (1993)

In this paper, we motivate four different user defined window query classes and derive a probabilistic model for each of them. For each model, we characterize the efficiency of spatial data structures in terms of the expected number of data bucket accesses needed to perform a window query. Our analytical approach exhibits the performance phenomena independent of data structure and implementation details and whether the objects are points or non-point objects.
Performance characteristics of a new shape of guiding catheter for ptca of the left coronary artery (1991)

The inability to successfully perform angioplasty commonly involves inadequate guiding catheter performance. We evaluated the use of a new left coronary guiding catheter for angioplasty (PTCA) of lesions in both the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries. The Nesto guide in two different sizes was used in 100 consecutive PTCA cases as a primary catheter. The catheter successfully cannulated the left main coronary artery in 93 patients and PTCA was successfully performed in 85 patients for target lesions at various locations in either or both vessels. Positive features of this new guiding catheter include superior back-up support and ease of disengagement.
Metal hydrides. Hydrogenation and isomerization catalysts (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal hydrides. Hydrogenation and isomerization catalystsLynn H. SlaughCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 1, 108–113Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01277a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01277a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification of an in vitro inhibitor of normal myelopoiesis using a monoclonal antibody directed to a common antigen of myelogenous leukemia (CAMAL). (1991)

A monoclonal antibody, CAMAL-1, has been previously shown to react specifically and at high frequencies with cells of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). High expression of this antigen in remission patients' bone marrow cells was shown to correlate with both relapse and lower survival times. Preliminary studies showed that material extracted from leukemic cells and eluted from CAMAL-1 immunoadsorbent columns profoundly inhibited the formation of normal colony-forming units (CFU) but had no effect on formation of such colonies from cells of patients with CGL. We have used CAMAL-1 affinity chromatography in combination with FPLC gel filtration to purify the inhibitory material from leukemic cell extracts. We have successfully isolated a 30-kd component (P30) that functions as an inhibitor of normal myelopoiesis in vitro; when P30 was added to normal progenitor cell assays it significantly inhibited the growth of normal CFU but had no inhibitory effect on the growth of CGL progenitor cells at equivalent concentrations. The inhibitory effect is preferentially directed to granulocytic progenitors. Antibodies raised to P30 reacted in Western blot analyses with affinity purified material from patients' cells as well as with a 30-kd component in the cell lysates and supernatants of the leukemic cell lines HL60 and K562; this finding suggested that the P30 inhibitory component might be produced by leukemic cells.
寻“球”丽嘉酒吧 (2014)

中世纪,女武神在《尼伯龙根之歌》里唱到：“我给你带来啤酒,盛满歌声和呢喃,杯中的魔力让你忘记一切烦忧。”而这个夏季,随着世界杯进入如火如荼的淘汰赛阶段,酒神仿佛降临了南美洲的神奇大陆。即使在波特曼丽思卡尔顿酒店的丽嘉酒吧,巴西的啤酒盛宴和世界杯各参赛国的主题美食,在欣赏比赛的同时,呈上舌尖上的世界杯。
Microwave assisted conversion of carbohydrates and biopolymers to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with aluminium chloride catalyst in water (2011)

The common Lewis acid AlCl3 has efficiently produced 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrate and biopolymer substrates in water, DMSO, and water–methylisobutylketone biphasic solvents under microwave irradiation. The yield of HMF in different solvents follows an increasing order from water to water–MIBK biphasic solvent to DMSO. The yield of HMF increased with an increase in catalyst loading whereas it remains unchanged upon increase of the carbohydrate concentration. In most reactions, the maximum yield of HMF is recorded within 2 min of reaction time. The mechanism of the AlCl3 catalyzed glucose dehydration reaction is proposed to proceed through the isomerization of glucopyranose to fructofuranose, followed by a proton assisted transformation of fructofuranose to HMF.
Condensation-cyclization of diketones and keto esters with electron-deficient aromatics. I. Formation and structure of some stable delocalized anions containing the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation-cyclization of diketones and keto esters with electron-deficient aromatics. I. Formation and structure of some stable delocalized anions containing the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeletonMichael J. Strauss, T. C. Jensen, Horst Schran, and K. O'ConnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 2, 383–388Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00827a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00827a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brazing refractory metals used in high-temperature nuclear instrumentation (2009)

As part of the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored Next Generation Nuclear Project (NGNP) currently ongoing at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), the irradiation performance of candidate high-temperature gas reactor fuels and materials is being evaluated at INL's Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). The design of the first Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR-1) TRISO fuel experiment, currently being irradiated in the ATR, required development of special techniques for brazing niobium and molybdenum. Brazing is one technique used to join refractory metals to each other and to stainless steel alloys. Although brazing processes are well established, it is difficult to braze niobium, molybdenum, and most other refractory metals because they quickly develop adherent oxides when exposed to room-temperature air. Specialized techniques and methods were developed by INL to overcome these obstacles. This paper describes the techniques developed for removing these oxides, as well as the ASME Section IX-qualified braze procedures that were developed as part of the AGR-1 project. All brazes were made using an induction coil with an inert or reducing atmosphere at low pressure. Other parameters, such as filler metals, fluxes used, and general setup procedures, are also discussed.
Molecular Characterization of the Human Neuropeptide Y Y<sub>2</sub>-Receptor (1999)

Five neuropeptide Y receptors, the Y1-, Y2-, Y4-, Y5- and y6-subtypes, have been cloned, which belong to the rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled, 7-transmembrane helix-spanning receptors and bind the 36-mer neuromodulator NPY (neuropeptide Y) with nanomolar affinity. In this study, the Y2-receptor subtype expressed in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SMS-KAN) and in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-hY2) was characterized on the protein level by using photoaffinity labeling and antireceptor antibodies. Two photoactivatable analogues of NPY were synthesized, in which a Tyr residue was substituted by the photoreactive amino acid 4-(3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-ylphenylalanine ((Tmd)Phe), [Nalpha-biotinyl-Ahx2,(Tmd)Phe36]NPY (Tmd36), and the Y2-receptor subtype selective [Nalpha-biotinyl-Ahx2,Ahx5-24,(Tmd)Phe27]N PY (Tmd27). Both analogues were labeled with [3H]succinimidyl-propionate at Lys4 and bind to the Y2-receptor with affinity similar to that of the native ligand. A synthetic fragment of the second (E2) extracellular loop was used to generate subtype selective antireceptor antibodies against the Y2-receptor. Photoaffinity labeling of the receptor followed by SDS-PAGE and detection of bound radioactivity and SDS-PAGE of solubilized receptors and subsequent Western blotting revealed the same molecular masses. Two proteins correspondingly have been detected for each cell line with molecular masses of 58 +/- 4 and 50 +/- 4 kDa, respectively.
Reduction Of Carboxylic Acids To Alcohols Using Syngas And Clostridium Ljungdahlii As Biocatalyst (2012)

Short-chain carboxylic acids generated by various mixed- or pure-culture fermentation processes have been considered valuable precursors for production of bioalcohols. While conversion of carboxylic acids into alcohols is routinely performed via catalytic hydrogenation or with strong chemical reducing agents, biological conversion routes are being explored. Reduction of nbutyric acid by pure cultures using glucose as the source of energy and electrons have been studied. However, the high cost of sugars has lead to the searching for cheaper sources. Syngas produced via biomass gasification, which is a blend of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, was studied as an economical source of energy and electrons with pure cultures of Clostridium ljungdahlii as a biocatalyst for the carboxylic acids reduction. Acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, n-valeric acid, and n-caproic acid were successfully converted into their corresponding alcohols. Furthermore, biomass yields and fermentation stoichiometry from our experimental data enabled us to amend thermodynamic calculations with the goal to evaluate how much metabolic energy C. ljungdahlii can generate during fermentation of carbon monoxide. Our results show ATP yield of 0.42 ATP per carbon monoxide molecule consumed for fermentation of syngas, and 0.38 ATP per carbon monoxide molecule consumed when n-butyrate is added to the growth medium. The ratio of protons pumped across the cell membrane vs. electrons transferred from ferredoxin to NAD+ via the RNF complex is suggested to be 1.0. The results obtained in this work suggest that the production of bioalcohols, based on the reduction of carboxylic acids, may be an attractive alternative industrial process.
Design and wind tunnel tests of winglets on a DC-10 wing (1979)

Results are presented of a wind tunnel test utilizing a 4.7 percent scale semi-span model in the Langley Research Center 8-foot transonic pressure wind tunnel to establish the cruise drag improvement potential of winglets as applied to the DC-10 wide body transport aircraft. Winglets were investigated on both the DC-10 Series 10 (domestic) and 30/40 (intercontinental) configurations and compared with the Series 30/40 configuration. The results of the investigation confirm that for the DC-10 winglets provide approximately twice the cruise drag reduction of wing-tip extensions for about the same increase in bending moment at the wing fuselage juncture. Furthermore, the winglet configurations achieved drag improvements which were in close agreement to analytical estimates. It was observed that relatively small changes in wing-winglet tailoring effected large improvements in drag and visual flow characteristics. All final winglet configurations exhibited visual flow characteristics on the wing and winglets