gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central antitussive activity of the NK<sub>1</sub> and NK<sub>2</sub> tachykinin receptor antagonists, CP‐99,994 and SR 48968, in the guinea‐pig and cat (1997)

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitussive activity and sites of action of the NK1 and NK2 tachykinin receptor antagonists, CP-99,994, SR 48968, and the racemate of SR 48968, SR 48212A in the cat and guinea-pig. 2. Guinea-pigs were dosed subcutaneously (s.c.) with CP-99,994, SR 48212A or SR 48968 one hour before exposure to aerosols of capsaicin (0.3 mM) to elicit coughing. Coughs were detected with a microphone and counted. 3. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulae were placed in the lateral cerebral ventricles of anaesthetized guinea-pigs. Approximately one week later, the animals were dosed with CP-99,994 or SR 48212A (i.c.v.) and exposed to aerosols of capsaicin (0.3 mM) to elicit coughing. 4. Cough was produced in anaesthetized cats by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea and was monitored from electromyograms of respiratory muscle activity. Cannulae were placed for intravenous (i.v.) or, in separate groups of animals, intravertebral arterial (i.a.) administration of CP-99,994, SR 48212A or SR 48968. Dose-response relationships for i.v. and i.a. administration of each drug were generated to determine a ratio of i.v. ED50 to i.a. ED50, known as the effective dose ratio (EDR). The EDR will be 20 or greater for a centrally active drug and less than 20 for a peripherally active drug. 5. In the guinea-pig, CP-99,994 (0.1-30 mg kg-1, s.c.), SR 48212A (1.0-30 mg kg-1, s.c.), and SR 48968 (0.3-3.0 mg kg-1, s.c.) inhibited capsaicin-induced cough in a dose-dependent manner. Capsaicin-induced cough was also inhibited by i.c.v. administration of CP-99,994 (10 and 100 micrograms) or SR 48212A (100 micrograms). 6. In the cat, both CP-99,994 (0.0001-0.3 mg kg-1, i.a., n = 5; 0.003-3.0 mg kg-1, i.v., n = 5) and SR 48212A (0.003-1.0 mg kg-1, i.a., n = 5; 0.01-3.0 mg kg-1, i.v., n = 5) inhibited mechanically induced cough by either the i.v. or i.a. routes in a dose-dependent manner. SR 48968 (0.001-0.3 mg kg-1, i.a., n = 5; 0.03-1.0 mg kg-1, i.v., n = 5) inhibited cough when administered by the i.a. route in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect by the i.v. route up to a dose of 1.0 mg kg-1. Intravenous antitussive potencies (ED50, 95% confidence interval (CI) of these compounds were: CP-99,994 (0.082 mg kg-1, 95% CI 0.047-0.126), SR 48212A (2.3 mg kg-1, 95% CI 0.5-20), and SR 48968 (> 1.0 mg kg-1, 95% CI not determined). The intra-arterial potencies of these compounds were: CP-99,994 (1.0 microgram kg-1, 95% CI 0.4-1.8), SR 48212A (25 micrograms kg-1, 95% CI 13-52), and SR 48968 (8.0 micrograms kg-1, 95% CI 1-32). The derived EDRs for each compound were: CP-99,994, 82; SR 48212A, 92; and SR 48968, > 125. 7. We concluded that CP-99,994 and SR 48968 inhibit cough in the guinea-pig and cat by a central site of action. In the cat, the antitussive action of these compounds appears to be solely by a central site.
Large-Area Si-Cell Encapsulation for Concentrator Systems: Review of Critical Points and New Proposal for the Third Generation of Euclides (2006)

Solar concentrators based in large-area Si-cells have been always dealing with the same difficulty: how to encapsulate cells into receivers. Concentration cells have to be cooled in order to avoid high operating temperatures, but in the case of large-area cells additional problems exits due to their weaker mechanical properties. A new solution for the third generation of EUCLIDES is proposed: using an alumina insulator glued to the cell and aluminium substrate that provides a high thermal performance and reduces the thermal drop between materials. Receivers of two levels of concentration have been developed for cells up to 116times102 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 40X and 20X, achieving efficiencies of 17.4% and 16.6% and series resistance values of 5.23 mOmega (40X) and 5.91 mOmega (20X). EUCLIDES III is being installed in the context of the IDEOCONTE project and will be finish by September 2006
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols (2004)

Practical design and performance solutions for every ad hoc wireless networkAd Hoc Wireless Networks comprise mobile devices that use wireless transmission for communication. They can be set up anywhere and any time because they eliminate the complexities of infrastructure setup and central administration-and they have enormous commercial and military potential. Now, there's a book that addresses every major issue related to their design and performance. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols presents state-of-the-art techniques and solutions, and supports them with easy-to-understand examples. The book starts off with the fundamentals of wireless networking (wireless PANs, LANs, MANs, WANs, and wireless Internet) and goes on to address such current topics as Wi-Fi networks, optical wireless networks, and hybrid wireless architectures. Coverage includes: Medium access control, routing, multicasting, and transport protocols QoS provisioning, energy management, security, multihop pricing, and much more In-depth discussion of wireless sensor networks and ultra wideband technology More than 200 examples and end-of-chapter problemsAd Hoc Wireless Networks is an invaluable resource for every network engineer, technical manager, and researcher designing or building ad hoc wireless networks.
STRUCTURE AND SELECTION MODELS FOR ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE FILMS (1995)

Anisotropic Z-axis adhesive films (ZAFs) were selected from different vendors. The variations of electrical properties with process parameters were studied, especially bonding pressure and temperature. Microstructures and compositions of these ZAFs were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, to determine spherical particle diameters, particle distributions, and the particle loading density for each film.Computer programs have been developed to predict the limiting pitch application for commerical films, and for the inverse selection process. The program calculates the minimum pad size for different filler loading densities, and the minimum pad space for different particle sizes. The failure probability of conduction versus pad size calculated for a specified loading density has a narrow transition region. The particle loading and size can also be determined by the program calculation for a particular application pitch.
Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Higher Plants (1984)

INTRODUCTION...... .. . ......... . . . . ..... ..... . . . . . .. ......... . . . ..... . . . . ... ...... 659 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE INTEGRAL COMPLEXES. ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 661 Photosystem II . . . . .... . . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . 661 Cytochrome b6-f Complex. .. . . . ... .... . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . .. . .... . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 667 Photosystem I 670 LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE INTEGRAL COMPLEXES . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 Electron Microscopic Studies 671 Biochemical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . . .. . ..... . . . . . . ..... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 674 ELECTRON TRANSPORT BETWEEN THE MEMBRANE-BOUND COMPLEXES 676 Times of Electron Transfer . .... . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . ....... . . . . .. . .... . . . .. . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . 676 Diff usion of Electron Carriers.. . . . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ..... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 677 Function of Plastocyanin in Lateral Electron Transport . . . . ....... . . .. . . .. . . . . . .... . . . . ... 678 Function of Plastoquinol in Lateral Electron Transport ..... . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . ... . . . . ..... 680 ON THE ORGANIZATION OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT . ... . . . . ... .. . . . . .... . ... . . . . . .. 681 Quantum yield. . . . . . .... . . . ... . .. . . . .. . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . .. . . . ........ . . . . 684
The Interrelationship of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour and Dentigerous Cyst: A Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature (2012)

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon lesion which mainly affects females in their second decade of life, exhibiting predilection for the anterior region of the maxilla. The lesion is usually associated with the crown of an enclosed tooth, most commonly the maxillary canine. In this paper we present a case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor associated with a dentigerous cyst affecting the left maxilla in a 15-year-old female. We also discuss clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and therapeutic features of the case.
The Flavivirus Precursor Membrane-Envelope Protein Complex: Structure and Maturation (2008)

Many viruses go through a maturation step in the final stages of assembly before being transmitted to another host. The maturation process of flaviviruses is directed by the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor membrane protein (prM), turning inert virus into infectious particles. We have determined the 2.2 angstrom resolution crystal structure of a recombinant protein in which the dengue virus prM is linked to the envelope glycoprotein E. The structure represents the prM-E heterodimer and fits well into the cryo-electron microscopy density of immature virus at neutral pH. The pr peptide beta-barrel structure covers the fusion loop in E, preventing fusion with host cell membranes. The structure provides a basis for identifying the stages of its pH-directed conformational metamorphosis during maturation, ending with release of pr when budding from the host.
Influence of the RpoS (KatF) sigma factor on maintenance of viability and culturability of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in seawater (1995)

The sigma factor RpoS is essential for stationary-phase-specific, multiple-stress resistance. We compared the viabilities (direct viable counts) and culturabilities (colony counts) in seawater of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains and those in which rpoS was deleted or which were deficient in guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) synthesis (relA spoT). RpoS, possibly via ppGpp regulation, positively influenced the culturability of these bacteria in oligotrophic seawater. This influence closely depended, however, upon the growth state of the cells and the conditions under which they were grown prior to their transfer to seawater. The protective effect of RpoS was observed only in stationary-phase cells grown at low osmolarity. A previous exposure of cells to high osmolarity (0.5 M NaCl) also had a strong influence on the effect of RpoS on cell culturability in seawater. Both E. coli and S. typhimurium RpoS mutants lost the ability to acquire a high resistance to seawater, as observed in both logarithmic-phase and stationary-phase RpoS+ cells grown at high osmolarity. A previous growth of S. typhimurium cells under anoxic conditions also modulated the incidence of RpoS on their culturability. When grown anaerobically at high osmolarity, logarithmic-phase S. typhimurium RpoS+ cells partly lost their resistance to seawater through preadaptation to high osmolarity. When grown anaerobically at high osmolarity until stationary phase, both RpoS+ and RpoS- cells retained very high levels of both viability and culturability and then did not enter the viable but nonculturable state for over 8 days in seawater because of an RpoS-independent, unknown mechanism.
Comparison of Baseline Wander Removal Techniques considering the Preservation of ST Changes in the Ischemic ECG: A Simulation Study (2017)

The most important ECG marker for the diagnosis of ischemia or infarction is a change in the ST segment. Baseline wander is a typical artifact that corrupts the recorded ECG and can hinder the correct diagnosis of such diseases. For the purpose of finding the best suited filter for the removal of baseline wander, the ground truth about the ST change prior to the corrupting artifact and the subsequent filtering process is needed. In order to create the desired reference, we used a large simulation study that allowed us to represent the ischemic heart at a multiscale level from the cardiac myocyte to the surface ECG. We also created a realistic model of baseline wander to evaluate five filtering techniques commonly used in literature. In the simulation study, we included a total of 5.5 million signals coming from 765 electrophysiological setups. We found that the best performing method was the wavelet-based baseline cancellation. However, for medical applications, the Butterworth high-pass filter is the better choice because it is computationally cheap and almost as accurate. Even though all methods modify the ST segment up to some extent, they were all proved to be better than leaving baseline wander unfiltered.
An experimental comparison of detector performance for computed radiography systems (2002)

The intrinsic resolution, noise, and signal-to-noise transfer characteristics of five commercial digital computed radiography (CR) systems were compared using identical experimental methods. The reader/screen combinations evaluated were Agfa ADC-Compact/MD-10, Agfa ADC-Compact/MD-30, Agfa ADC-Solo/MD-10, Agfa ADC-Solo/MD-30, Lumisys CR-2000/MD-10, Fuji FCR-9501 (HQ)/ST-Va, Kodak CR-400/GP-25, and Kodak CR-400/HR. Measurements were made at 70 and 115 kVp with 19 mm added aluminum filtration. The presampled modulation transfer functions (MTFs) of the systems were measured using an edge method. The noise power spectra (NPS) were determined by 2D Fourier analysis of uniformly exposed radiographs. The frequency-dependent detective quantum efficiencies (DQEs) were computed from the MTF, NPS, exposure measurements, and computational estimates of the ideal signal-to-noise ratios. Using 70 kVp and 0.1-0.12 mm pixel sizes, spatial frequencies of 2.1, 2.0, 2.2, 1.9, 2.0, 2.0, 2.3, 2.3, and 3.5 cycles/mm were measured at 0.2 MTF for the eight reader/screen combinations, respectively. Using 70 kVp, 7.74 x 10(-8) C/kg (0.3 mR), and 0.1-0.12 mm pixel sizes, DQE(0.15) values of 20.3%, 22.9%, 24.6%, 28.6%, 22.2%, 30.0%, 29.5%, and 17.3% were obtained for the eight combinations, respectively. The corresponding values at 115 kVp were 15.9%, 18.5%, 21.5%, 21.8%, 15.3%, 23.1%, 22.3%, and 13.8%, respectively. The findings of the study demonstrate the pixel size, orientation, beam quality, screen, and reader dependencies of image quality in CR systems. The physical performance of the systems having standard-resolution screens demonstrated similar resolution performance but more notable variations in DQE. The one high-resolution screen tested had reduced DQE and increased MTF at high frequencies.
Identification of endogenous inhibitory growth factors from a human colon carcinoma cell line. (1985)

A line of human colon carcinoma cells, designated MOSER, was established which synthesized tumor-inhibitory factor (TIF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) activity. Both activities were found in serum-free conditioned medium and in cell extracts. The activities coelute on Bio-Gel P-10 in acetic acid, but can be completely separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The TIF and TGF activities were acid and heat stable and were sensitive to trypsin and dithiothreitol. MOSER cell TIF prevented the anchorage-independent growth of the more differentiated colon carcinoma cell lines tested but did not affect the less differentiated lines. Using anchorage-dependent growth conditions, the effect of TIF appeared to be noncytotoxic and partially reversible. Purified TGF stimulated the growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts and the slow-growing CBS colon carcinoma cell line but did not stimulate MOSER cell growth. MOSER cells contain both positive (TGF) and negative (TIF) factors with relative concentrations that may be important parameters in the regulation of cell growth.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the aroA gene from<i>Salmonella typhi</i>encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (1990)

Journal Article Complete nucleotide sequence of the aroA gene from Salmonella typhi encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase Get access S. Chatfield, S. Chatfield Department of Molecular BiologyWellcome Biotech, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Dougan, G. Dougan Department of Molecular BiologyWellcome Biotech, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. Charles I. Charles * Department of Molecular BiologyWellcome Biotech, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, UK *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 20, 25 October 1990, Page 6133, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.20.6133 Published: 25 October 1990 Article history Received: 17 September 1990 Published: 25 October 1990
Successful Treatment of Recurrent Nephrolithiasis (Calcium Stones) with Cellulose Phosphate (1974)

Abstract Sixteen patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis ate a low-calcium diet and were given cellulose phosphate (5 g twice to three times per day orally). In all 16 cases urinary calcium decreased, usually to values below 200 mg per day, and in 13 cases, the state of saturation of urine with respect to brushite (the nidus of calcium stones) also decreased, often from supersaturation to undersaturation. Clinically, renal-stone formation virtually ceased. The treatment was well tolerated, and no serious side effects have been observed. Serum concentration of parathyroid hormone and bone density by 125I-photon absorption did not change significantly or remained within the normal range. Thus, in these patients with an enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium, hypercalciuria may be corrected, and stone formation prevented, by a low-calcium diet and inhibition of calcium absorption with cellulose phosphate. (N Engl J Med 290:175–180, 1974)
AEROSTACK: An architecture and open-source software framework for aerial robotics (2016)

To simplify the usage of the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), extending their use to a great number of applications, fully autonomous operation is needed. There are many open-source architecture frameworks for UAS that claim the autonomous operation of UAS, but they still have two main open issues: (1) level of autonomy, being in most of the cases limited and (2) versatility, being most of them designed specifically for some applications or aerial platforms. As a response to these needs and issues, this paper presents Aerostack, a system architecture and open-source multi-purpose software framework for autonomous multi-UAS operation. To provide higher degrees of autonomy, Aerostack's system architecture integrates state of the art concepts of intelligent, cognitive and social robotics, based on five layers: reactive, executive, deliberative, reflective, and social. To be a highly versatile practical solution, Aerostack's open-source software framework includes the main components to execute the architecture for fully autonomous missions of swarms of UAS; a collection of ready-to-use and flight proven modular components that can be reused by the users and developers; and compatibility with five well known aerial platforms, as well as a high number of sensors. Aerostack has been validated during three years by its successful use on many research projects, international competitions and exhibitions. To corroborate this fact, this paper also presents Aerostack carrying out a fictional fully autonomous indoors search and rescue mission.
Design of vehicle network (2005)

There are several technologies to connect vehicles to networks and the Internet such as Network Mobility~(NEMO) and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). We investigate the use of both NEMO and MANET for efficient communication in vehicles. A Mobile Gateway manages both the NEMO connectivity and the MANET connectivity and switches path to a destination according to application and network environment requirements. Our results show that this approach is efficient for vehicle networks.
Antimalarial activity of rifampicin in vitro and in rodent models (1993)

The antimalarial activity of rifampicin, a specific inhibitor of bacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase, was confirmed with Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and with P. chabaudi in vivo. The viability of ring forms of P. falciparum, measured by [3H]hypoxanthine and [14C]isoleucine uptake, was significantly reduced within 5 h of exposure to 2.5 microM rifampicin, the 50% inhibitory concentration. Streptolydigin and tagetitoxin, other specific inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase, were much less effective as antimalarials. A rifampicin-tolerant sub-line of P. falciparum was selected in vitro. When released from drug pressure, the tolerant line showed appreciably greater rates of incorporation of precursors and growth than the parent line, but over a period of months these characteristics gradually reverted. Rifampicin was effective against a chloroquine-resistant line of P. falciparum and the rifampicin-tolerant line had increased chloroquine sensitivity. Treatment of patent parasitaemias of P. chabaudi in mice with more than 100 mg/kg rifampicin twice daily significantly reduced the parasitaemia within 24 h and parasites were barely detectable on blood films by the fourth day. Recrudescence occurred on release of drug pressure.
Knowledge-Assisted Ranking: A Visual Analytic Application for Sports Event Data (2015)

Organizing sports video data for performance analysis can be challenging, especially in cases involving multiple attributes and when the criteria for sorting frequently changes depending on the user's task. The proposed visual analytic system enables users to specify a sort requirement in a flexible manner without depending on specific knowledge about individual sort keys. The authors use regression techniques to train different analytical models for different types of sorting requirements and use visualization to facilitate knowledge discovery at different stages of the process. They demonstrate the system with a rugby case study to find key instances for analyzing team and player performance. Organizing sports video data for performance analysis can be challenging in cases with multiple attributes, and when sorting frequently changes depending on the user's task. As this video shows, the proposed visual analytic system allows interactive data sorting and exploration. https://youtu.be/Cs6SLtPVDQQ.
Observation of magnetic hysteresis loop of the perminvar type in worked Co-based amorphous alloys (1980)

Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured for polished Co-based Co-Fe amorphous alloys using a longitudinal Kerr effect apparatus. Squared and constricted, or so-called perminvar, loops were observed when the direction of the applied magnetic field was parallel and normal to the direction of polishing in the specimen surface, respectively, where magnetostriction constant λs of the specimen takes a small positive, zero, or fairly small negative value. This feature is remarkably emphasized for the specimen with λs ≃0, while it is inverted for the specimen with a relatively large negative value of λs, at least with λs ≃−1.4×10−6. That is, the easy direction of magnetization is changed into the normal direction to the one of polishing, and the perminvar loop is observed in the direction of polishing.