gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Loss in Patients With Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Before Widespread Availability of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2003)

In the pre-HAART era, visual morbidity was substantial. However, there was a secular trend for improved outcomes. The principal causes of visual loss were CMV involvement of the posterior retina and retinal detachment.
The Tribological Behavior of Blends of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polyetherimide (PEI) at Elevated Temperatures (1994)

The friction and wear under dry sliding conditions of injection molded blends of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polyetherimide (PEI) at temperatures from 20°C to 232°C were investigated on a pin-on-disk apparatus. The friction and wear results were correlated to results obtained from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) temperature scans performed on each of the materials. It was found that tan δ peaks corresponding to α transitions occurring in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature (Tg) coincided with catastrophic tribological failure in the case of PEI and the amorphous PEEK/PEI blends. PEEK and the annealed 70% PEEK/30% PEI blend, exhibited marked increases in friction and wear at and above the Tg. The absence of catastrophic tribological failure in PEEK and the annealed 70/30 blend in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature corresponded to a transitions of significantly lesser strength (i.e. lower tan δ peak values) than those observed in PEI and the amorphous blends. Between 90°C and 105°Cfor PEI and 45°C and 70°C for the PEEK/PEI 50/50 blend, severe to mild friction and wear transitions were observed. DMTA results showing secondary tan δ peaks centered at 75°C for PEI and 38°C for the PEEK/PEI 50/50 blend made evident the occurrence of β transitions in these materials. It appeared that a substantial change in ductility associated with these β transitions resulted in the observed transitional tribological behavior.
Crossed-beam study of HX elimination reactions (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrossed-beam study of HX elimination reactionsY. D. Huh, R. J. Cross, and M. SaundersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5914–5915Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for chemoprevention of colorectal polyps: a meta-analysis]. (2004)

Aspirin might prevent the development of colorectal adenomas, but there is no evidence to support that sulindac and celecoxib might cure or prevent colorectal adenomas or familial adenomatous polyposis and that regular aspirin use might reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
Factor analysis of dynamic function studies using a priori physiological information (nuclear medicine) (1986)

The computation of physiological factors and factor images by factor analysis in dynamic structures using the constraints of positive factors and spatial distribution of these factors (FADS), currently used by a number of research workers, is investigated. While the positivity constraints used may be quite acceptable physically, they cannot be strictly said to have direct correlations with the underlying physiological mechanisms in a dynamic study. In principle, FADS estimates the underlying model in the absence of a priori physiological information, and therefore, it is possible that in some situations an incorrect model is extracted. A procedure called IBFADS (information-based factor analysis in dynamic structures) is described which incorporates the IM (intersection method) technique previously developed into FADS, in order to reduce the error in the estimation of the correct model. IM uses a constraint based on physiology of one of the dynamic structures in the model. A computer simulated dynamic phantom study is used to demonstrate IBFADS.
New insights into systemic amyloidosis: the importance of diagnosis of specific type (2007)

The diagnosis of the amyloid type ultimately depends on the examination of the amyloid protein within the deposits. The role of immunohistochemistry - the current standard of care in amyloid typing - is evolving with emergence of alternative biochemical methods. Amyloid, being essentially a protein disorder, presents an attractive venue for the application of proteomics methodologies, despite their inherent complexities.
An Overview of T-Suppressor Cell Circuits (1986)

This review gives an overview of two main suppressor circuits. In its complete form, the first circuit form has an early acting Ts-inducer that behaves like a T-helper cell for the production of idiotype-directed Ts-transducer or antigen-directed Ts-effector cells. In this circuit, the T-suppressor effector cell (Ts-eff) produces antigen-specific T-suppressor factor (TsF). This has a mode of action through the T-acceptor cell (T-acc), a cell that requires immunization, but not specific immunization, for its production. This cell, when armed with TsF-eff and then triggered with antigen and I-J, releases nonspecific TsF that blocks the passive transfer of contact sensitivity. It also blocks the production of IL-2. The biological significance of the complexities of this circuit is discussed in relation to the control of unresponsiveness and the handling infection and antigenic variation of microorganisms. The second set of suppressor cells, T suppressor afferent cells, inhibits only when given early in the immune response but differs from the Ts-inducer by lacking an obligatory mode of action through the Ts-eff/T-acc circuit. In general, the antigen-specific T-helper and T-suppressor factors have a two-chain disulfide-bonded structure. One chain carries the antigen-binding site and the other chain MHC-related determinants. Both chains are required for biological activity, and the genetic restriction in this complementation implies that the antigen-binding chain has a recognition site for MHC determinant(s). The generalization can be made that the MHC-related determinants carried by the factors and the genetic restriction in their induction, in their action, and in the interchain complementation between their separated chains all map to the same region of the genome. This is intelligible on the assumption that the T-cell receptor on the cell that produces the factor has a recognition site for antigen and MHC determinants and that the antigen-binding chain of secreted factor has the same properties.
Measurement of 2,4-Toluenediamine in Urine and Serum Samples from Women with Même or Replicon Breast Implants (1997)

The objective of this matched case-control study was to determine whether women with Même or Replicon polyurethane-covered silicone breast implants are exposed to clinically significant levels of free 2,4-TDA from biodegradation of the polyurethane foam. Urine and serum samples were obtained from 61 patients with Même or Replicon breast implants and 61 controls on two separate occasions separated by 10 +/- 3 days. Free TDA was analyzed by gas chromatography combined with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry with lower limit of quantitation in both urine and serum of 10 pg/ml. The results were correlated with the length of time since implantation. No patients or controls had detectable free 2,4-TDA in their sera. Thirty patients had quantifiable levels of free 2,4-TDA, and 18 had detectable levels in their urine. Controls had no quantifiable levels, but 7 subjects had detectable levels. The biodegradative half-life of the polyurethane foam was estimated to be 2 years. A risk assessment using the cancer potency estimate calculated by the FDA from rat data and the National Academy of Sciences methodology provided a theoretical lifetime risk of approximately one in one million. It was concluded that the polyurethane foam cover on the Même and Replicon breast implants biodegrades. The risk assessment of approximately one in one million derived from this study strengthens earlier conclusions by the Health Protection Branch (Canada) that there is no significant risk of cancer from exposure to the 2,4-TDA formed from this biodegradation.
Distributional Effects of Education on Health (2021)

This paper studies distributional effects of education on health. In 1972, England, Scotland, and Wales raised their minimum school-leaving age from 15 to 16 for students born after 9/1/1957. Using a regression discontinuity design and objective health measures for 129,000 individuals, we find that education reduced body size and increased blood pressure in middle age. The reduction in body size was concentrated at the upper tail of the distribution with an 8 percentage point reduction in obesity. The increase in blood pressure was concentrated at the lower tail of the distribution with no effect on stage 2 hypertension.
Ultra-wideband conformal apertures with digital beamforming for UHF to millimeter-wave applications (2014)

This paper presents a reconfigurable low profile ultra-wideband (UWB) phased array, having as much as 14.1:1 instantaneous bandwidth suitable for UHF to millimeter wave applications, with unprecedented integrated digital beam-forming capability across the entire bandwidth. To realize spectrum efficiency, aperture reconfiguration is also proposed. That is, the system is tuned at the feed network rather than the aperture of the antenna by introducing switches and LC loads. Further, the proposed UWB phased array significantly reduces cost due to its novel on-site encoding for tracking individual array element signals to eliminate hardware phased shifters, a primary cost component of the phased arrays.
Regulation of cytochrome P450 genes: molecular mechanisms (1993)

The xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450s are found in the CYP1, CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4 subfamilies (Gonzalez, 1988). These P450s have been extensively studied in a number of organisms including bacteria, yeast, fish, chickens, rats, mice, rabbits and humans. The P450 genes are under control of diverse regulatory networks that govern their expression. These networks include foreign chemical receptors that activate gene expression through binding to inducible enhancer elements and tissue-enriched transcription factors that control constitutive expression. This review focuses on recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of P450 gene control.
Tailored excitation for Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTailored excitation for Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometryAlan G. Marshall, Tao Chin Lin Wang, and Tom L. RiccaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 26, 7893–7897Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00312a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00312a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views825Altmetric-Citations567LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterisation of a gene cluster involved in bacterial degradation of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin LR (2001)

A novel pathway for degradation of the cyanobacterial heptapeptide hepatotoxin microcystin LR was identified in a newly isolated Sphingomonas sp. (Bourne et al. 1996 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 4086-4094). We now report the cloning and molecular characterisation of four genes from this Sphingomonas sp. that exist on a 5.8-kb genomic fragment and encode the three hydrolytic enzymes involved in this pathway together with a putative oligopeptide transporter. The heterologously expressed degradation pathway proteins are enzymatically active. Microcystinase (MlrA), the first enzyme in the degradative pathway, is a 336-residue endopeptidase, which displays only low sequence identity with a hypothetical protein from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Inhibition of microcystinase by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline suggests that it is a metalloenzyme. The most likely residues that could potentially chelate an active-site transition metal ion are in the sequence HXXHXE, which would be unique for a metalloproteinase. Situated immediately downstream of mlrA with the same direction of transcription is a gene mlrD, whose conceptual translation (MlrD, 442 residues) shows significant sequence identity and similar potential transmembrane spanning regions to the PTR2 family of oligopeptide transporters. A gene mlrB is situated downstream of the mlrA and mlrD genes, but transcribed in the opposite direction. The gene encodes the enzyme MlrB (402 residues) which cleaves linear microcystin LR to a tetrapeptide degradation product. This enzyme belongs to the "penicillin-binding enzyme" family of active site serine hydrolases. The final gene in the cluster mlrC, is located upstream of the mlrA gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction. It codes for MlrC (507 residues) which mediates further peptidolytic degradation of the tetrapeptide. This protein shows significant sequence identity to a hypothetical protein from Streptomyces coelicolor. It is suspected to be a metallopeptidase based on inhibition by metal chelators. It is postulated on the basis of comparison with other microorganisms that the genes in this cluster may all be involved in cell wall peptidoglycan cycling and subsequently act fortuitously in hydrolysis of microcystin LR.
Polyphosphazene encapsulates living cells (1990)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPolyphosphazene encapsulates living cellsRON DAGANICite this: Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 43, 28Publication Date (Print):October 22, 1990Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 22 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v068n043.p028https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n043.p028newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1990 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Encapsulation,Polymers Get e-Alerts
A thin-film dual heater ac-dc converter with infrared sensor (2002)

A dual heater isothermal converter for precise ac-dc transfer is realized by using thin-film heaters on a thin sandwich membrane, and by sensing their temperature with an infrared pyrometer. This reduces diversion of heat from the heaters, the thermal time-constant and the ac-dc transfer differences due to thermoelectric effects, shunt capacitances and dielectric losses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A SOAP-oriented component-based framework supporting device-independent multimedia Web services (2003)

A Web service is a programmable Web application accessible using standard Internet protocols. A three-layer architecture has been suggested for Web services: service providers, service brokers, and service requesters. We propose a SOAP-oriented component-based framework to support device-independent multimedia Web services. Two intelligent agents are introduced and embedded into a proxy server and service provider server, respectively. Separating metadata from multimedia content leads to enhance SOAP flexibility. Composite capability/preference profile-based user profile management provides an easy and flexible way to split and adapt multimedia services to appropriate composite devices as well as increasing the flexibility for users to manage multiple devices. Together with an XML/XSL strategy, we ensure device independency of the system. By utilizing local caches, our agents enable the caching and streaming of multimedia transportation. In addition, our framework seamlessly incorporates cutting-edge technologies relating to Web services: SOAP, XML/XSL, and CC/PP.
Survey of switching techniques in high-speed networks and their performance (2002)

The major ATM switch architectures and their improvement techniques are categorized and discussed, focusing on performance issues. The performance measures of interest are the maximum throughput, the delay time, and the cell loss probability. The major assumptions and notations used are summarized. A survey is presented of nonblocking switches and their improvement techniques. The performances of a variety of nonblocking switches are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An investigation of spray-freezing and spray-freeze-dryings (2004)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University
A new high performance multipurpose satellite tracking system (1993)

The European Space Agency's (ESA) multipurpose satellite tracking system is introduced. The system is able to perform accurate satellite ranging and Doppler measurements for a variety of mission types, i.e., from near-Earth satellites to deep space probes. The ranging signal is analyzed and described in an analytical manner from which the limits of the system performance are derived. A model of the overall system is presented and a few simulation results obtained thereby are compared with measurements performed with the ESA's Giotto and Hipparcos scientific missions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
7 General and Pathway-specific Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling the Synthesis of Amino Acid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

I. INTRODUCTION The regulation of genes encoding amino acid biosynthetic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves a complex interplay between numerous control mechanisms. Most of these genes are subject to a cross-pathway regulatory system known as general amino acid control that increases their expression under conditions of amino acid starvation. Gcn4p is the direct positive regulator of gene expression in this system. Additional regulatory elements are required for efficient basal expression during growth in minimal medium, and in one case, the basal control element functions in a second cross-pathway regulatory system that responds to the level of inorganic phosphate in the medium. In addition to these mechanisms, many amino acid biosynthetic genes are subject to pathway-specific controls that reduce enzyme expression when the amino acid endproduct of the pathway is present in the medium. In some instances, pathway-specific repression can override derepression by Gcn4p under starvation conditions in which the endproduct of that particular pathway is not limiting. Thus, the existence of pathway-specific regulation can sometimes make it difficult to determine whether or not a given gene is subject to general amino acid control. In this chapter, the regulatory elements involved in determining basal expression and general amino acid control are discussed first, followed by a description of pathway-specific repression mechanisms and the interplay between cross-pathway and amino-acid-specific controls. Regulatory mechanisms that modulate enzyme activity rather than enzyme synthesis, such as endproduct inhibition, are not discussed in this chapter; for a thorough review of this topic, see Jones and Fink (1982).
Deployable Reflectors for Small Satellites (2007)

A key limitation for future Small Satellite communications and radar missions will be available antenna reflector aperture. Two types of reflectors are dominant for satellite RF systems today, rigid, single-piece reflectors and deployable mesh reflectors. Single-piece reflectors are limited to the aperture that fits inside a launch vehicle without packaging the reflective surface. Mesh reflectors have become the workhorse of the deployable reflector market, however these reflectors are expensive because they require complex mechanisms and have substantial labor cost for fabrication. The recurring cost for a 4m mesh reflector of sufficient surface precision for a radar mission is on the order $10M. This historically high cost for deployable reflectors will limit small satellites to missions and performance that can be achieved with the relatively small aperture of a single-piece reflector unless a low-cost deployable reflector can be developed. This paper will discuss a deployable solid surface reflector that can be packaged into small, low-cost launch vehicles, such as the Taurus and Falcon 1e, while also minimizing cost with a simple, low-part-count design. This technology is being developed by Composite Technology Development (CTD) using TEMBO® Elastic Memory Composites (EMC).
Diffraction theory in QCD and beyond (1987)

A study of the Pomeron in QCD is briefly outlined. Implications for the production of W/sup +/W/sup -/ and Z/sup 0/Z/sup 0/ pairs are described and the possibility that the electroweak scale is a major strong-interaction threshold discussed. The application of Pomeron phase-transition theory to SU(5) dynamical symmetry breaking is suggested and the related ''strong-interaction'' properties of the photon briefly mentioned.