gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nomenclature of the Human T Cell Receptor Genes (2000)

The human T cell receptors (TcR) alpha-beta and gamma-delta are the products of four sets of genes on two chromosomes: T cell receptors alpha (TRA) and delta (TRD) on chromosome 14 at 14q11.2, T cell receptor beta (TRB) on chromosome 7 at 7q35, and T cell receptor gamma (TRG) on chromosome 7 at 7p15-p14. This appendix presents tabulated lists of the human TcR alpha, beta, gamma, and delta genes named in accordance with the International ImMunoGeneTics database and approved by the Human Genome Organization Nomenclature Committee in 1999. Two additional tables list corresponding nomenclatures for these genes.
Fast image-quality-based optimization of optical systems (1998)

The performance is reported of new optimization software that maximizes the relative modulation transfer function (MTF) by minimizing the merit function (1 minus the approximate relative MTF). Contrary to the predictions of earlier studies, this merit function, whose only variable part is the variance of the wave aberration difference function, is shown to be effective for both poorly and well-corrected systems. In addition, the new software is significantly faster than our in-house software for the direct optimization of the actual MTF.
Constituents of the Leaves of Vitex Negundo. (1936)

Constituents of the Leaves of Vitex Negundo.
Effect of fluoride on cardiopulmonary function and release of eicosanoids in pigs (1995)

Fluoroaluminates are believed to stimulate guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, leading to activation of effector enzymes and release of vasoactive mediators. As a model for G protein-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction, we infused NaF (0.9 M in 0.9% NaCl at 15 microliters.kg-1.min-1 for 3 h i.v.) in the presence (n = 8) and absence (n = 4) of AlCl3 (0.6 microgram.kg-1.min-1) into pigs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. NaF, with or without AlCl3, induced progressive deterioration of cardiopulmonary function after 1 h of infusion. At 3 h, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), tracheal pressure, and plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, and prostaglandin F2 alpha were significantly (P < 0.05) increased to approximately 200, 520, 175, 759, 402, and 336%, respectively, of baseline values (0 h). At 3 h, cardiac index and arterial PO2 decreased 38% and 28 Torr, respectively, from baseline values. Although indomethacin blocked the NaF-induced increase in plasma TxB2 concentration, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor did not modify any cardiopulmonary parameter measured or calculated, except for a transient reduction in PVR at 2.5 h. In porcine whole blood treated with AlF4- (30 mM NaF + 10 microM AlCl3) in vitro for 0.5 h, TxB2 concentration increased to 649% of the control value. In porcine alveolar macrophages labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid, AlF4- (30 mM NaF + 10 microM AlCl3) induced release of radioactivity to 165, 539, and 573% of control values after 0.5, 1, and 2 h of incubation, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using immobilized pH gradient tube gels (2000)

An apparatus for the preparation of gels for immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing (IPG) in glass tubes was developed. Using this apparatus, the highly reproducible immobilized pH gradient can be formed with Immobilines in polyacrylamide gels, and IPG gels at all possible pH ranges can be easily prepared at low cost. The IPG tube gels in the first dimension in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to separate and identify a number of rice embryo proteins in the proteome analysis. There was no difference in resolution of proteins between the tube gels and the commercially available slab gels; after electrophoresis, however, we could efficiently obtain a larger amount of the purified proteins from the tube gels than from the slab gels.
1,1,2-Triphenylbut-1-enes: relationship between structure, estradiol receptor affinity, and mammary tumor inhibiting properties (1982)

1,1,2-Triphenylbut-1-enes, which are substituted with acetoxy groups on one, two, or three aromatic rings in the para and/or meta positions, were synthesized. The identity of the occurring E and Z isomers were established by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A study on structure-activity relationships was carried out with regard to estradiol receptor affinity and to inhibiting effects on the growth of a postmenopausal human mammary carcinoma implanted in nude mice. The para-substituted compounds generally exhibited a higher receptor affinity and a better antitumor activity than the corresponding meta-substituted ones. The E isomers were superior to the respective Z isomers in those two properties. The tumor-inhibiting effect of the mono- and disubstituted compounds was better than that of the trisubstituted ones. Except for the trisubstituted compounds, they all show a good correlation between estradiol receptor affinity and antitumor activity. One of the compounds was also tested on the 9,10-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced, hormone-dependent mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat, and the results corresponded to those obtained in the xenograft tumor.
"Loop" domain is necessary for taxol-induced mobility shift and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 as well as for inhibiting taxol-induced cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome c and apoptosis. (1998)

Taxol, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), and etoposide induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells that is blocked by overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL.A 60-amino acid "loop" domain of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL that contains phosphorylation sites is known to negatively regulate their antiapoptotic function. In the present studies, Taxol-, ara-C-, or etoposide-induced apoptosis was examined in HL-60/Bcl-2delta and HL-60/Bcl-xLdelta cells that express the loop-deletional mutant cDNA constructs p19Bcl-2delta32-80 and p18Bcl-xLdelta26-83, respectively. This was compared with control HL-60/neo cells as well as HL-60/Bcl-2 and HL-60/Bcl-xL cells. The latter two cell lines overexpress full-length Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, respectively. Immunoblot analyses showed that HL-60/neo and HL-60/Bcl-2delta cells express similar levels of p26Bcl-2. In contrast, as compared with HL-60/neo, HL-60/Bcl-xLdelta cells expressed significantly lower levels of p26Bcl-2. p29Bcl-xL and p21Bax levels were similar in all cell types. Exposure to etoposide (50 microM) or ara-C (100 microM) for 4 h induced apoptosis in HL-60/neo cells, but not in HL-60/Bcl-2, HL-60/Bcl-xL, HL-60/Bcl-2delta, or HL-60/Bcl-xLdelta cells. In contrast, Taxol treatment (500 nM for 24 h) triggered the molecular cascade of apoptosis, represented by the cytosolic increase of cytochrome c and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or the DNA fragmentation factor cleavage activity of caspase-3 in HL-60/neo cells as well as in HL-60/Bcl-xLdelta and HL-60/Bcl-2delta cells, but not in their counterparts overexpressing full-length Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Equal amounts of p26Bcl-2 were coimmunoprecipitated with apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1) in HL-60/neo and HL-60/Bcl-2delta cells, whereas a markedly higher level of p26Bcl-2 coimmunoprecipitated with APAF-1 in HL-60/Bcl-2 cells. In association with Taxol-induced apoptosis, the levels of Bcl-2 that were coimmunoprecipitated with APAF-1 declined in HL-60/neo and HL-60/Bcl-2delta cells. This was not observed in HL-60/Bcl-2 cells, in which Taxol-induced apoptosis was blocked. Previous studies have demonstrated that Taxol induces phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in association with Taxol-induced apoptosis of HL-60/neo cells. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated a Taxol-induced mobility shift of Bcl-2 but not p19Bcl-2delta. Taxol also increased [32P]Pi incorporation in p26Bcl-2, but not in p19Bcl-2delta or p18Bcl-xL. These findings indicate that the loop domain is necessary for the Taxol-induced mobility shift and phosphorylation of Bcl-2. Loop domain also seems to be necessary for the antiapoptotic effect of Bcl-2 against Taxol-induced apoptosis but not ara-C- or etoposide-induced apoptosis.
Novel Nonvolatile Random-Access Memory with Si Nanocrystals for Ultralow-Power Scheme (2003)

A novel nonvolatile memory with Si nanocrystals has been developed. It has a floating gate consisting of a thin poly Si film and Si nanocrystals. It could be written or erased when a low voltage of +3 V or -3 V was supplied to the gate electrode. On the other hand, no hysteresis was observed at +1 V or -1 V. These characteristics enable the realization of a random-access memory that operates with extremely low power consumption. In this paper, a memory cell array suitable for novel memory devices is also described. The cell array features well bitline technology and the cell area is reduced to 4 F2 (F: feature size) by winding trench isolation. Applying the novel device to the cell array enables realization of high-density, random-access, nondestructive readout and ultralow-power memories.
Hollow‐particle latexes: Preparation and properties (2001)

Abstract Hollow‐particle latexes were prepared according to the following stages: (1) the preparation of the methyl methacrylate–methacrylic acid (MAA)–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer ( I ) latex, (2) the preparation of a shell ( II ) based on polystyrene or styrene–acrylonitrile–divinyl benzene copolymer polymerized onto copolymer ( I ) particles, and (3) the neutralization of the core ( I ) carboxyl groups with a base (NH 4 OH or NaOH) at temperatures close to the glass‐transition temperature of the polymer ( II ). The neutralization resulted in the expansion of the particles and formed water‐filled hollow particles. The microspheres had an overall diameter of 460–650 nm and a hollow diameter of 300–450 nm. Rheological studies and particle size measurements by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering of the copolymer ( I ) latex indicate that the maximum particle swelling occurred at an approximately equimolar MAA/base ratio. It was found that even without the neutralization of the MAA units, a small hollow formation in the latex particles occurred during stage 2 because one volume of the copolymer ( I ) retained about 8 volume parts of water. It was also discovered that the final hollow‐particle geometry after neutralization depends on the shell copolymer thickness and type as well as on the conditions during stage 3, that is, the time, temperature, base type, and concentration. The opacifying ability of the synthesized hollow particles was investigated in latex coatings. The opacifying ability values were generally in agreement with the hollow‐particle geometry. The only exception was related to the copolymer ( I )/copolymer ( II ) ratio. The maximum hollow volume was obtained at this value equal to 1/8, whereas the highest opacifying ability was observed at 1/10. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1435–1449, 2001
Optimizing the ultrawide-band photonic link (1997)

Performance of wide-band photonic links (PLs) using Mach-2ehnder modulators (MZMs) is reported. Comparison parameters include loss, noise figure, and spur-free dynamic range (SPDR). The feasibility of a 0-dB noise-figure link even with passive matching is given and the advantages of dual-output MZMs are presented. A new figure of merit is introduced to quantitatively optimize link performance with or without a preamplifier.
Purification of a Functional Receptor for Clostridium difficile Toxin A from Intestinal Brush Border Membranes of Infant Hamsters (1993)

A receptor for Clostridium difficile toxin A was purified from brush border membranes (BBMs) from the small intestine of infant hamsters. The BBMs were solubilized with Triton X-114, and the solubilized receptor was purified with use of a toxin A immobilized affinity-chromatography column and differential temperature elution. SDS-PAGE and silver staining of the purified receptor revealed numerous high-molecular-weight bands. However, ligand blotting analysis with 125I-toxin A used as the probe identified a 163-kD protein as the predominate toxin A-binding molecule. Toxin A bound to the purified receptor at physiological temperature, but the amount of toxin bound increased at lower temperatures. Bovine thyroglobulin bound to toxin A and inhibited its binding to the purified receptor. Preincubation of the receptor with lectins produced by Bandeirea simplicifolia or Datura stramonium reduced specific binding by 125I-toxin A. Our data indicate that the purified toxin A receptor from small intestine BBMs of infant hamsters is a galactose- and N-acetylglucosamine-containing glycoprotein.
Chemical Shift Determined According to Flow Rate Ratio O<sub>2</sub>/BTMSM by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2003)

Organic-inorganic hybrid silica materials grown on an interlayer low dielectric material have been studied. Organic-inorganic hybrid silica materials have a low dielectric constant due to the presence C and H atoms which are lighter than Si and O. In this study, it was confirmed the chemical shift clarified by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that the characteristics of the organosilicate films are attributable to the cross-link with low electronic polarizability and the cross-link breakdown structure with pores. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra from the peak at 3450 cm-1 to the peak at 3600 cm-1 are formed by the OH bond of R–OH...O–C type, and the band from the peak at 3580 cm-1 to the peak at 3670 cm-1 is formed by the C–H...O hydrogen bond of R–O=C type. Among organosilicate films as organic inorganic hybrid silica materials, those films with the electron-widthdrawing group consist of the bond structure of organometallic carbon, and those with the electron-releasing group consist of the bond structure of organic carbon, and this was confirmed by XPS.
Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, and risk of cardiovascular disease: Insights from the Framingham Study (1987)

During the tenth biennial examination, 1315 Framingham study participants free of cardiovascular disease had fibrinogen measured along with other major cardiovascular risk factors including cigarette smoking. The fibrinogen values were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, increased with the amount smoked in each sex, and exsmokers had values as low as those of nonsmokers. Over 10 years of follow-up, 165 men and 147 women developed cardiovascular disease, the risk in both sexes increasing progressively in relation to antecedent fibrinogen values over the 180 to 450 mg/dl range. Risk gradients for cardiovascular disease in men diminished with advancing age. In men, risk of cardiovascular disease was related to cigarette smoking. This was true in the multivariate case taking all standard risk factors into account. As for fibrinogen, the impact diminished with advancing age. Regression coefficients were actually larger in the multivariate than in the univariate case because of a negative correlation between smoking and blood pressure. Fibrinogen contributed to cardiovascular disease, risk taking into account both cigarette smoking and other risk factors. When fibrinogen is added to the multivariate model for prediction of cardiovascular disease the coefficient for smoking becomes much reduced and is no longer statistically significant. However, each independently contributed to risk in cross-sectional analysis. These data provide another mechanism whereby cigarette smoking influences the occurrence of atherocardiovascular disease and also another reason for prohibiting cigarette use.
Simple Broadband Planar CPW-Fed Quasi-Yagi Antenna (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this letter, we present a novel coplanar waveguide fed quasi-Yagi antenna with broad bandwidth. The uniqueness of this design is due to its simple feed selection and despite this, its achievable bandwidth. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the antenna is 44% covering X-band. The antenna is realized on a high dielectric constant substrate and is compatible with microstrip circuitry and active devices. The gain of the antenna is 7.4 dBi, the front-to-back ratio is 15 dB and the nominal efficiency of the radiator is 95%. </para>
Nanoaggregates of Biodegradable Amphiphilic Random Polycations for Delivering Water-Insoluble Drugs (2012)

Cationic amphiphilic random copolyesters were obtained by copolymerization of 5-Z-amino-δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone. The amino content of the final copolymers was controlled by the polymerization feed ratio and was in the range 10 to 100%. Copolymers solubility and aggregation behavior was assessed by conductometric and zeta potential analyses. A critical aggregation concentration of ca. 0.05% (w/v) was found for all water-soluble copolymers that formed nanoaggregates. Two populations were found to be present in equilibrium with hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 30-50 and 100-250 nm. The capacity to use the amphiphilic and cationic character of the nanoaggregates to encapsulate highly hydrophobic compounds was further investigated. Finally, copolymers hemo- and cytocompatibility were evaluated by hemagglutination, hemolysis, and cells proliferation tests. The results showed that the proposed cationic amphiphilic random copolyesters are biocompatible.
CYCLOGEN: automatic, functional-level test generator based on the cyclomatic complexity measure and on the ROBDD representation (1995)

In this paper we have laid the foundations for a functional test generation procedure based on a cyclomatic complexity measure (CCM) and on the reduced, ordered binary decision diagram representation (ROBDD) for Boolean function manipulation. The CCM has been defined for single-output and multioutput electronic circuits. This measure computes the number of BDD paths to be transformed into test vectors. This new test generation approach, called CYCLOGEN, has been implemented, and the tests for several functional primitives, as well as the ISCAS-85 benchmark circuits, have been generated successfully. The results show that this approach is effective and promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modal Analysis Method of DAB Based on Phase Shift Control (2019)

Dual Active Bridge (DAB) has an inevitable contradiction between the phase shift control and the analysis. Generally, as the number of phase shift angles increases, the control of DAB becomes more flexible, but the analysis in the working process, transmission power and backflow power characteristics are more complex. To alleviate this contradiction, modal analysis method of DAB is proposed in this paper. According to the circuit characteristics, the key modes of DAB under SPS (single phase shift) control were redefined. Then the working process of DAB under different states is reconstructed through the modal transformation. Based on the modal transformation, the analysis of the working process is simplified. The mechanism of backflow power and its suppression is explained as well. Secondly, the modal parameters are used to replace phase shift angles, which optimizes the analysis of transmission power characteristics. Finally, simulations and experiments verify the correctness of the analysis method.
Public Opinion and Policy Initiatives for Online Privacy Protection (2003)

The ability to monitor and record Internet users' personal information has raised fears about online privacy. Consequently, consumers have put pressure on the federal government and the online industry to respond appropriately to their privacy concerns. This study uses Edelma''s theory of symbolic politics to assess the congruence between public concern about online privacy and recent legislative and industry efforts to address this concern.
Application of Single‐Shot Spiral Scanning for Volume Localization (1991)

A new technique using a spiral scan single-shot RF pulse for localized volume selection has been developed and its experimental results are presented. This technique employs an additional radial-gradient coil in conjunction with the oscillating gradients for the spiral scan to localize the 3D volume. The short selection time in this technique minimizes both signal contamination from unwanted regions and signal attenuation due to T2 decay. We provide both the theoretical background of the technique and the experimental results obtained from a phantom as well as a human volunteer. The proposed method appears simple and accurate in localizing a volume which would be used as either fast imaging or localized spectroscopy.
High throughput low energy FEC/ARQ technique for short frame turbo codes (2002)

Protecting short frames using turbo coding is a challenging problem because of the short frame and the need for efficiency. In this paper, first, a scalable and easily implementable interleaver design is proposed since good random interleavers for long frame turbo codes are not guaranteed to perform well for short frames. Second, an efficient tail-biting encoding/decoding scheme is proposed, which does not sacrifice performance but significantly increases the throughput of the decoding process compared with existing methods. Finally, a novel error detection method, taking advantage a set of decoding metrics (DMs), is developed to reduce the number of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits used for error detection. The total savings is up to 12% for the transmission throughput and 21.5% for the energy consumption of the turbo decoder when a frame size of 49 is used.
Chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering (2016)

Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800 sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our understanding of chloroplast biology, intracellular gene transfer, conservation, diversity, and the genetic basis by which chloroplast transgenes can be engineered to enhance plant agronomic traits or to produce high-value agricultural or biomedical products. In this review, we discuss the impact of chloroplast genome sequences on understanding the origins of economically important cultivated species and changes that have taken place during domestication. We also discuss the potential biotechnological applications of chloroplast genomes.
Organometallic crystal engineering of [(1,4- and 1,3-hydroquinone)Rh(P(OPh)<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]BF<sub>4</sub>by charge assisted hydrogen bonding (2005)

The ionic complexes [(1,4- and 1,3-hydroquinone)Rh(P(OPh)3)2]BF4 form porous organometallic structures dictated by charge assisted hydrogen bonding.