gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon Carbide Emitter Turn-Off Thyristor (2008)

A novel MOS-controlled SiC thyristor device, the SiC emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO) is a promising technology for future high-voltage switching applications because it integrates the excellent current conduction capability of a SiC thyristor with a simple MOS-control interface. Through unity-gain turn-off, the SiC ETO also achieves excellent Safe Operation Area (SOA) and faster switching speeds than silicon ETOs. The world's first 4.5-kV SiC ETO prototype shows a forward voltage drop of 4.26 V at 26.5 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> current density at room and elevated temperatures. Tested in an inductive circuit with a 2.5 kV DC link voltage and a 9.56-A load current, the SiC ETO shows a fast turn-off time of 1.63 microseconds and a low 9.88 mJ turn-off energy. The low switching loss indicates that the SiC ETO could operate at about 4 kHz if 100 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>W</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> conduction and the 100 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>W</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> turn-off losses can be removed by the thermal management system. This frequency capability is about 4 times higher than 4.5-kV-class silicon power devices. The preliminary demonstration shows that the SiC ETO is a promising candidate for high-frequency, high-voltage power conversion applications, and additional developments to optimize the device for higher voltage (>5 kV) and higher frequency (10 kHz) are needed.
Intelligent multimedia presentation system: an object-oriented approach (2002)

The design goal of Zhejiang University Intelligent Multimedia Presentation System is a plan-based transportable multimedia coordinated presentation system which is independent of any particular applications. We describe an object-oriented approach which has been shown to be suitable for the generation of intelligent multimedia presentation. The applications of OO techniques in knowledge representation and problem-solving as well as the OO prescription of multimedia presentation, are mainly discussed.
Processing of multilayer PZT coatings for device purposes (1999)

Abstract A stable solution chemistry and a consistent thermal processing route have been developed to produce multi-layer sol-gel lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric coatings of high electrical quality. Up to 5 μm thick fully perovskite and piezoelectrically active crack-free coatings with permittivity of 1100–1300 and loss tangents of 1–2% can be produced with careful attention to the choice of titanium and zirconium alkoxide precursors, the choice of solvent, the method of solution preparation, and the thermal processing schedule. The films were deposited on platinized silicon, spinning for 30 seconds at 3000 rpm. Individual layers were dried on a hot plate at 250°C for 30 seconds, fired on a second hot plate at 400°C for 15–60 seconds and annealed in a box furnace at 650°C for 2 minutes. Applications of the films are directed toward piezoelectric transformers, surface acoustic wave devices, and cantilever structures.
Role of Lysosomes in the Pathogenesis of Splanchnic Ischemia Shock in Cats (1970)

Splanchnic arterial occlusion (SAO) for 2 hours followed by release of the occlusion in cats produced a lethal shock state characterized by cardiovascular collapse. Release of the occlusion resulted in a 45% fall in mean arterial blood pressure within 15 minutes; postrelease survival of these animals was 46 minutes. The plasma of cats with SAO shock exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in activities of the lysosomal enzymes β-glucuronidase and cathepsin, accompanied by accumulation of a myocardial depressant factor. Plasma from cats treated with methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg) prior to occlusion did not have significant levels of myocardial depressant factor nor significant increases in plasma lysosomal enzyme activity. Furthermore, the fall in mean arterial blood pressure in steroid-treated animals was significantly smaller when the occlusion was released and postrelease survival time was significantly longer. Pancreatic lysosomes from cats with SAO exhibited a marked increase in fragility as indicated by a reduction in total lysosomal enzyme activity and an increase in the percent of free enzyme activity, compared to lysosomes from cats with sham SAO or steroid-treated cats. These data indicate that the biochemical and hemodynamic alterations present in SAO-induced shock may be related to the disruption of pancreatic lysosomes and that glucocorticoids can markedly alter the course of this shock, possibly by decreasing the sensitivity of pancreatic lysosomes to splanchnic ischemia.
Top-N Recommendation with Novel Rank Approximation (2016)

The importance of accurate recommender systems has been widely recognized by academia and industry. However, the recommendation quality is still rather low. Recently, a linear sparse and low-rank representation of the user-item matrix has been applied to produce Top-N recommendations. This approach uses the nuclear norm as a convex relaxation for the rank function and has achieved better recommendation accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods. In the past several years, solving rank minimization problems by leveraging nonconvex relaxations has received increasing attention. Some empirical results demonstrate that it can provide a better approximation to original problems than convex relaxation. In this paper, we propose a novel rank approximation to enhance the performance of Top-N recommendation systems, where the approximation error is controllable. Experimental results on real data show that the proposed rank approximation improves the Top-$N$ recommendation accuracy substantially.
Preparation and characterization of NiFe complex metal oxides (2006)

NiFe-CO_(3) hydrotalcite-like layered compounds(NiFe-CO_(3)-LDHs) were fabricated by coprecipitation,which were then converted into NiFe complex metal oxides after calcinations at 573 K to 1173 K.XRD,FTIR and SEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples.The results showed that the NiFe-CO_(3)-LDHs had typical samdwich structure,which wasn't been destroyed after calcinations at 473 K.The characteristic diffraction apices of NiO appeared in XRD after calcinations at 573 K to 773 K,and both NiO and NiFe_(2)O_(3)were formed when the temperature was higher than 873K.And the intensity of apex increased with the increase of calcination temperature.
Implementing a Web Browser with Phishing Detection Techniques (2011)

Phishing is the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information, usually for the monetary gain of the attacker. Phishing has become the most popular practice among the criminals of the Web. Phishing attacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated. The impact of phishing is drastic and significant since it can involve the risk of identity theft and financial losses. Phishing scams have become a problem for online banking and e-commerce users. In this paper we propose a novel approach to detect phishing attacks. We implemented a prototype web browser which can be used as an agent and processes each arriving email for phishing attacks. Using email data collected over a period time we demonstrate data that our approach is able to detect more phishing attacks than existing schemes.
Studies on the Chemistry of Hemoglobin (1967)

Abstract This paper presents a model for the reaction of hemoglobin with ligands on the basis of the evidence that the αβ dimer is the unit of structure and function in the molecule and that there are very strong interactions between the α and β chains in a dimer. Thus, for all practical purposes, it can be assumed that 2 molecules of ligand combine with the αβ dimer at one time. The model is developed to show that there are five types of molecules in solutions of partially saturated hemoglobin: nonliganded tetramers, α2β2; liganded tetramers, α2*β2*; hybrid molecules composed of one liganded and one nonliganded dimer, αβα*β*; liganded dimers, α*β*; and nonliganded dimers, αβ. The contribution of these various species of hemoglobin to the total solute concentration clearly depends on the values of the tetramer to dimer dissociation constants for the liganded, nonliganded, and hybrid tetramers. The existence of hybrid molecules of the type αβα*β* is a key event in the combination of hemoglobin with ligand, because the affinity for ligand of the nonliganded dimer in such a hybrid molecule is assumed to differ from that of a dimer in a nonliganded tetramer. The model is expressed in quantitative terms, and it is shown that the derived equations describe the experimentally obtained oxygen saturation curves. Furthermore, the persistence of a high value of the Hill interaction coefficient, n, in solutions which promote the dissociation of the hemoglobin tetramers, α2β2, into αβ dimers (the so-called paradox of strong salt solutions) is compatible with the model proposed, which in fact predicts that this state of affairs will occur.
2-D Theoretical Model for Current–Voltage Characteristics in AlGaN/GaN HEMT’s (2012)

A threshold-voltage-based 2-D theoretical model for the Current–Voltage characteristics of the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT’s) is developed. The present work proposes an improved charge-control model by employing the Robin boundary condition when introduced the solution of the 2-D Poisson’s equation in the density of charge depleted in the AlGaN layer. The dependence of 2-DEG sheet carrier concentration on the aluminum composition and AlGaN layer thickness has been investigated in detail. Current–voltage characteristics developed from the 2-DEG model in order to take into account the impact of gate lengths. The relation between the kink effect and existing deep centers has also been confirmed by using an electrical approach, which can allow to adjust some of electron transport parameters in order to optimize the output current.
Characterization of the receptor responsible for thrombin-induced intracellular calcium responses in osteoblast-like cells. (1993)

The receptor responsible for the increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) after the addition of thrombin to the human osteoblast-like cell line Saos-2 has been characterized. Thrombin caused a dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i; a half-maximal stimulation was observed with 3.2 +/- 1.1 nM thrombin. The human platelet thrombin receptor is activated by thrombin cleavage to create a new NH2 terminus that acts as a tethered ligand, and peptides based on the tethered ligand can activate the receptor independently of thrombin. Northern analysis indicated the presence of mRNA encoding the platelet receptor in Saos-2 cells, and surface expression of the receptor was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. A tethered ligand peptide (SFLLRNPNDKYEPF, single-letter amino acid code) was found to increase [Ca2+]i. The maximal response to the peptide was similar to that observed with thrombin, and a half-maximal response was observed with 22 +/- 6 microM peptide. The time course of the increase in [Ca2+]i with the peptide was different than that observed with thrombin; a pronounced shoulder was observed after an initial sharp rise. The phenylalanine in the second position of the agonist peptide and the arginine in the fifth position were shown to be essential for its activity. The requirement for proteolysis of the receptor for the thrombin-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i was demonstrated by two methods. Antibodies that reacted with the cleavage site of the receptor abolished the effect of thrombin on [Ca2+]i. In addition, a mutant of thrombin without catalytic activity as well as chemically inactivated thrombin failed to cause an increase in [Ca2+]i. Similar results were obtained with the rat osteoblast-like cell line UMR-106; a tethered ligand peptide based on the rat sequence induced an increase in [Ca2+]i, and antibodies to the cleavage site of the rat receptor inhibited the effect of thrombin.
Electroplating of superconducting films of MgB2 from molten salts (2002)

ctical superconducting material for power-electric products such as superconducing tapes because of its high superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 39 K and its high critical current density (Jc) under magnetic fields. Superconducting films of MgB2 have been, however, fabricated only on planar substrates with areas of several tens of a square centimeter at the largest so far due to the technical limitation of the conventional fabrication methods. In this report, we describe a technique for the fabrication of MgB2 films by means of electrolysis on molten compounds of Mg and B, that is, electroplating of MgB2. Superconducting films of MgB2 with a Tc of 36 K were successfully electroplated on both the planar and curved surfaces using simple installations. The electroplating of MgB2 is expected to open a new route in the field of superconductor engineering because of its ability to fabricate superconducting films on large surfaces of various shapes.
Hemoglobin solution--from tetramer to polymer. (1984)

Efforts to produce a clinically acceptable hemoglobin solution that could function as a temporary oxygen carrier have evolved through several stages. Beginning with the simple tetramer, we have lowered the affinity state by pyridoxylation and then polymerized the modified tetramer. This new substance, polyhemoglobin, has a normal oxygen capacity and a half-life of 38 hours. Issues of nephrotoxicity and immunocompetence after infusion remain to be defined.
A robust elliptical head tracker (2004)

A method is presented for robust head tracking in highly cluttered environments. The head's projection onto a 3D depth map of the scene is modelled as an ellipse whose position and size are constantly updated by a local search. Ellipse detection is performed on depth discontinuities using Chamfer Distance. The resultant system is a real-time, illumination and head-rotation invariant robust head tracker. The approach can be easily generalized further to perform tracking or detection of objects of different shapes e.g. hands.
A Topology-Based Score for Pathway Enrichment (2012)

Investigators require intuitive tools to rationalize complex datasets generated by transcriptional profiling experiments. Pathway analysis methods, in which differentially expressed genes are mapped to databases of reference pathways to facilitate assessment of relative enrichment, lead investigators more effectively to biologically testable hypotheses. However, once a set of differentially expressed genes is isolated, pathway analysis approaches tend to ignore rich gene expression information and, moreover, do not exploit relationships between transcripts. In this article, we report the development of a new method in which both pathway topology and the magnitude of gene expression changes inform the scoring system, thereby providing a powerful filter in the enrichment of biologically relevant information. When four sample datasets were evaluated with this method, literature mining confirmed that those pathways germane to the physiological process under investigation were highlighted by our method relative to z-score overrepresentation calculations. Moreover, non-relevant processes were downgraded using the method described herein. The inclusion of expression and topological data in the calculation of a pathway regulation score (PRS) facilitated discrimination of key processes in real biological datasets. Specifically, by combining fold-change data for those transcripts exceeding a significance threshold, and by taking into account the potential for altered gene expression to impact upon downstream transcription, one may readily identify those pathways most relevant to pathophysiological processes.
Cloning of <i>mtr</i>, an amino acid transport gene of <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1988)

Translocation of neutral aliphatic and aromatic amino acids across the plasma membrane of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa requires a functional gene product of the mtr locus. Mutations at this locus are defective in transport of those amino acids. We have cloned the mtr+ gene of Neurospora crassa from an ordered cosmid library of genomic DNA and produced a preliminary restriction map of 2.9 kilobases of genomic DNA that encompasses the mtr coding region. We have confirmed that the cloned DNA regions contain the mtr gene sequence by restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping and have determined that the cloned sequence codes for a messenger RNA transcript of approximately 1200 nucleotides in length.
Control of electron-seeding phase in a cascaded laser wakefield accelerator (2012)

Two segments of plasmas with different densities, which are operated as the electron injector and accelerator, respectively, are designed to realize a cascaded laser wakefield accelerator. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that the further acceleration of the electrons in the second uniform-density plasma relies on the injection and acceleration in the first stage. It is found that electrons trapped in the second wakefield period in the first stage can be seeded into the next stage with an optimized phase for efficient acceleration and reducing in the relative energy spread. And finally a 700 MeV electron beam with a relative rms energy spread about 0.6% and the normalized transverse emittance of 1.4π mm mrad was obtained after a 5.5-mm-long acceleration in a dark-current free cascaded laser wakefield accelerator. Our results demonstrate that, for a given laser energy, choices in laser and plasma parameters strongly affect the output electron beam energy and quality, and that all of these parameters can be controlled.
Capillary zone electrophoresis with fluid-impervious polymer tubing inside a fused-silica capillary (1997)

A fused-silica capillary was used as a mold in the in situ formation of, and as a sheath for, a highly crosslinked poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) inner tubing having 3-5 microns wall thickness. This 'tube-in-the-tube' construction with the thin-walled, fluid-impervious polymer inner tubing precluded contact between the aqueous buffer solution and the inner wall of the fused-silica capillary. As a result, this structure withstood long-term treatment with highly alkaline solutions without deterioration. In order to hydrophilize the inner surface of the polymer tube, a polyoxyethylene oligomer was grafted to its inner wall and subsequently crosslinked. The inner tube with such hydrophilic coating was also stable to hydrolytic attack by 1 M NaOH. Although the nonpolar polymeric inner surface generated electrosmotic flow as if it had some fixed negative charges, the flow velocity became almost negligibly small once it had been hydrophilized. As illustrated by electropherograms, the hydrophilization of the polymeric inner tube greatly facilitated the CZE of basic proteins in the pH range from 3 to 6 without the need for additives in the electrophoretic medium to mask the silanol groups at the surface of quartz capillaries.
A three-dimensional contact model for tyre/road interaction in rolling conditions (2004)

Prediction of tyre/road noise has been one of the most challenging research fields within acoustics for the last twenty years. In particular, it has been difficult to achieve an accurate description of the road and rolling tyre contact, which is crucial for the estimation of tyre/road noise. In this paper, a three-dimensional contact model for the tyre/road interaction in rolling conditions is described, validated and illustrated by means of calculations. The contact model is formulated in the time domain for non-linearity reasons. It calculates the dynamic radial contact forces, the local deformation due to roughness indenting, and the normal forced vibrations of the tyre structure. The contact problem is solved using an elastic half-space, the road is assumed rigid. The tyre response is described by Greens functions calculated with a tyre model, a pre-tensioned orthotropic Kirchhoffs plate on a stiffness bedding. Measured acceleration signals of the tyre structure and calculated ones were compared. Results show that the agreement was good for the studied case.
PHLORETIN: AN ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCE OBTAINED FROM APPLE LEAVES (1952)

A crystalline antibacterial substance isolated from apple leaves has been identified as phloretin. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The activity of the compound is bacteriostatic in nature and is shown in concentrations as low as 30 p.p.m. Its antibacterial action may be related to inhibition of the uptake of phosphorus by the bacterial cell.
What Rights Can Add to Good Development Practice (2005)

This chapter starts by defining what poverty means. It sketches the situation of global poverty and some of the factors that have exacerbated it. It also discusses recent progress made by the international community in bringing human rights into the discussion of development. It then describes in a little more detail some of the reasons why many development and economics specialists still remain critical of the human rights approach. Three principal criticisms of the human rights approach are cited by those who work in the field of development. In general, there is gathering evidence of mutual need. The evaluation of progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be carried out in 2005, and the debate in the General Assembly in September 2005, offers an ideal context for the further convergence for those working in the fields of human rights and development.
Identification of a tetrasialylated monofucosylated tetraantennary <i>N</i>‐linked carbohydrate chain in human platelet glycocalicin (1988)

Glycocalicin (140 kDa), the main constituent of the glycoprotein Ib alpha-chain (150 kDa) of the human platelet membrane, contains 4 putative N-glycosylation sites. For the structural analysis of the N-glycosidic carbohydrate chains of glycocalicin, the glycoprotein has been subjected to the hydrazinolysis procedure. The acidic carbohydrate chains obtained were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25, and subsequently analyzed by sugar analysis, anion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q HR 5/5 and 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A novel tetrasialylated monofucosylated tetraantennary chain was identified in the glycoprotein. It could also be deduced that in all structures the alpha 2----6-linked NeuAc is attached exclusively at the Gal beta 1----2Man alpha 1----3 antenna, whereas the other antennae can be terminated with alpha 2----3-linked NeuAc. As minor constituents sialylated N-linked carbohydrate chains with a terminal Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----sequence were detected.