gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNAi Suppression of <i>Arogenate Dehydratase1</i> Reveals That Phenylalanine Is Synthesized Predominantly via the Arogenate Pathway in Petunia Petals  (2010)

l-Phe, a protein building block and precursor of numerous phenolic compounds, is synthesized from prephenate via an arogenate and/or phenylpyruvate route in which arogenate dehydratase (ADT) or prephenate dehydratase, respectively, plays a key role. Here, we used Petunia hybrida flowers, which are rich in Phe-derived volatiles, to determine the biosynthetic routes involved in Phe formation in planta. Of the three identified petunia ADTs, expression of ADT1 was the highest in petunia petals and positively correlated with endogenous Phe levels throughout flower development. ADT1 showed strict substrate specificity toward arogenate, although with the lowest catalytic efficiency among the three ADTs. ADT1 suppression via RNA interference in petunia petals significantly reduced ADT activity, levels of Phe, and downstream phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatiles. Unexpectedly, arogenate levels were unaltered, while shikimate and Trp levels were decreased in transgenic petals. Stable isotope labeling experiments showed that ADT1 suppression led to downregulation of carbon flux toward shikimic acid. However, an exogenous supply of shikimate bypassed this negative regulation and resulted in elevated arogenate accumulation. Feeding with shikimate also led to prephenate and phenylpyruvate accumulation and a partial recovery of the reduced Phe level in transgenic petals, suggesting that the phenylpyruvate route can also operate in planta. These results provide genetic evidence that Phe is synthesized predominantly via arogenate in petunia petals and uncover a novel posttranscriptional regulation of the shikimate pathway.
A 32-Gb/s 9.3-mW CMOS equalizer with 0.73-V supply (2014)

A CTLE/DFE cascade incorporates inductor nesting to reduce chip area and latch feedforward to improve the loop speed. Realized in 45-nm CMOS technology, a 32-Gb/s prototype compensates for a channel loss of 18 dB at Nyquist while providing an eye opening of 0.44 UI at BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> .
New universal primers facilitate Pyrosequencing™ (2005)

A cost-driving factor in Pyrosequencing is the need for single-stranded PCR products that are usually obtained by biotin-labeling of one primer. We designed new universal primers that allow the introduction of biotin during the specific PCR at either the forward or the reverse primer in a single reaction. When converting five human single nucleotide polymorphism assays from the standard format into the universal format, we obtained pyrograms of similar good quality. Although the universal nonhuman sequences are unlikely to form loop structures, we mostly failed to establish assays without using the proprietary software from Biotage AB. Nevertheless, our universal primer pair adds flexibility to the process of assay design due to optional strand selection and contributes to the reduction of genotyping costs.
Editing 3D binary images using distance transforms (2002)

A method for editing 3D binary images using distance information is presented. The distance transform of the whole image, i.e., of both the object and the background, is used to simultaneously remove object protrusions, cavities and components of negligible size. Our method can be useful when smoothing of an object is needed, e.g., for removal of noise before computing the skeleton of an object. It can also be used to guide decomposition of a complex objects consisting of components with different thickness. Preliminary results of the decomposition algorithm are shown.
Photonic Integration: New Applications Are Visible (2017)

Chip integration has allowed for many years already to miniaturize optical systems into photonic circuits, improving in performance and robustness while decreasing cost and weight. Traditional applications have been telecom and datacom components, but as technology matures in these markets, new emerging applications arise on healthcare and biochemistry sensing. From optical coherence tomography (OCT) medical instrumentation, to lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, spectrometry or flow cytometry, many new integration platforms and devices are being demonstrated and commercialized.
Lock-in reduction technique for fiber-optic ring laser gyros (1993)

We have demonstrated a Brillouin fiber-optic gyro that utilizes push-pull phase modulation in the ring cavity to suppress frequency locking. This in-line modulation allows an all-fiber system with optical reciprocity. A tenfold reduction of the width of the lock-in range is observed experimentally.
Pyrimido[5.4‐b] chinoline ‐ 10‐Deaza‐alloxazine (1978)

Abstract Durch Cyclisierung von 5‐Brom‐6‐(2‐aminobenzyl)‐uracilen 10 , deren Synthese über die 6‐(2‐Nitrobenzyl)‐uracile 8 und deren 5‐Brom‐Derivate 9 gelingt, erhält man Pyrimido[5.4‐b]chinoline 4 . Ihre Struktur und spektralen Eigenschaften werden im Vergleich zu Alloxazinen und 5‐Deaza‐alloxazinen diskutiert, wobei die Ähnlichkeit zu strukturverwandten Flavinen belegt wird.
Observation of Self-Steepening of Optical Pulses with Possible Shock Formation (1973)

Near-resonant light pulses were steepened by passage through Rb vapor. The rise time changed from typically 4 nsec to less than 1 nsec, and complicated envelopes developed. The self-steepening, well described by adiabatic following, results from (i) an intensity-dependent pulse velocity, (ii) self-phase modulation combined with strong groupvelocity dispersion. Numerical integration gives quantitative agreement with observations and indicates shock formation on the leading edge.
A novel and alternative approach to controlled release drug delivery system based on solid dispersion technique (2012)

The solid dispersion method was originally used to improve the dissolution properties and the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs by dispersing them into water soluble carriers. In addition to the above, dissolution retardation through solid dispersion technique using water insoluble and water swellable polymer for the development of controlled release dosage forms has become a field of interest in recent years. Development of controlled release solid dispersion has a great advantage for bypassing the risk of a burst release of drug; since the structure of the solid dispersion is monolithic where drug molecules homogeneously disperse. Despite the remarkable potential and extensive research being conducted on controlled release solid dispersion system, commercialization and large scale production are limited. The author expects that recent technological advances may overcome the existing limitations and facilitate the commercial utilization of the techniques for manufacture of controlled release solid dispersions. This article begins with an overview of the different carriers being used for the preparation of controlled release solid dispersion and also different techniques being used for the purpose. Kinetics of drug release from these controlled release solid dispersions and the relevant mathematical modeling have also been reviewed in this manuscript.
Mannich-Type Reaction of N,O-Acetals with Ketones Mediated by a Combination of TiCl4 and PhSiCl3 (2010)

A combination of TiCl4 and PhSiCl3 efficiently conducts the Mannich-type reaction of N,O-acetals with ketones to afford α-substituted cyclic amine derivatives in good yields. This method was applicable to preparation of azabicyclo compounds by the intramolecular Mannich-type reaction.
Development of an 8MW-Class High-Efficiency Gas Turbine, M7A-03 (2007)

The M7A-03 gas turbine, an 8 MW class, single shaft gas turbine, is the latest model of the Kawasaki M7A series. Because of the high thermal efficiency and the high exhaust gas temperature, it is particularly suitable for distributed power generation, cogeneration and combined-cycle applications. About the development of M7A-03 gas turbine, Kawasaki has taken the experience of the existing M7A-01 and M7A-02 series into consideration, as a baseline. Furthermore, the latest technology of aerodynamics and cooling design, already applied to the 18 MW class Kawasaki L20A, released in 2000, has been applied to the M7A-03. Kawasaki has adopted the design concept for achieving reliability within the shortest possible development period by selecting the same fundamental engine specifications of the existing M7A-02 – mass air flow rate, pressure ratio, TIT, etc. However, the M7A-03 has been attaining a thermal efficiency of greater than 2.5 points higher and an output increment of over 660 kW than the M7A-02, by the improvement in aerodynamic performance of the compressor, turbine and exhaust diffuser, improved turbine cooling, and newer seal technology. In addition, the NOx emission of the combustor is low and the M7A-03 has a long service life. These functions make long-term continuous operation possible under various environmental restraints. Lower life cycle costs are achieved by the engine high performance, and the high-reliability resulting from simple structure. The prototype M7A-03 gas-turbine development test started in the spring of 2006 and it has been confirmed that performance, mechanical characteristics, and emissions have achieved the initial design goals.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Do More than Inhibit Cholinesterase (1997)

The cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory processes. The crucial role of acetylcholine (ACh) is supported by three lines of evidence. The first line is the effects of pharmacological manipulation using agonists or antagonists at both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors (Decker and McGaugh, 1991; Murray and Fibiger, 1985; Mandel and Thal, 1988; Mandel et al., 1989; Drachman and Leavitt, 1974; Drachman, 1982; Flicker et al., 1992; Vanderwolf et al., 1990; Wesnes et al., 1990). Second is the fact that adverse effects of lesioning cholinergic nuclei are ameliorated by intracerebral transplantation of fetal cholinergic cells or genetically modified tissue (Alkon et al., 1991; Dekker et al., 1991; Page et al., 1991; Berger- Sweeney et al., 1994; Dunnett et al., 1985; Gage and Bjorklund, 1986; Nilsson et al., 1987). The third is the fact that deficits in cholinergic cortical innervation and decreases in nicotinic receptors are seen in humans during aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Perry et al., 1978; Whitehouse et al., 1982; Bartus et al., 1982; Giacobini et al., 1989; Schröder et al., 1995). Results from these investigations are consistent with the concept that cholinergic function is required for learning and memory. A recent article of Winkler et al. (1995) demonstrates that cerebral ACh is not only necessary for cognitive behavior in the rat but its presence and function within the neocortex is also sufficient to improve learning deficits and restore memory in experimental animals following severe damage to the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
Suppression of apoptosis by basement membrane requires three-dimensional tissue organization and withdrawal from the cell cycle. (1996)

The basement membrane (BM) extracellular matrix induces differentiation and suppresses apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells, whereas cells lacking BM lose their differentiated phenotype and undergo apoptosis. Addition of purified BM components, which are known to induce beta-casein expression, did not prevent apoptosis, indicating that a more complex BM was necessary. A comparison of culture conditions where apoptosis would or would not occur allowed us to relate inhibition of apoptosis to a complete withdrawal from the cell cycle, which was observed only when cells acquired a three-dimensional alveolar structure in response to BM. In the absence of this morphology, both the GI cyclin kinase inhibitor p21/WAF-1 and positive proliferative signals including c-myc and cyclin DI were expressed and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) continued to be hyperphosphorylated. When we overexpressed either c-myc in quiescent cells or p21 when cells were still cycling, apoptosis was induced. In the absence of three-dimensional alveolar structures, mammary epithelial cells secrete a number of factors including transforming growth factor alpha and tenascin, which when added exogenously to quiescent cells induced expression of c-myc and interleukin-beta1-converting enzyme (ICE) mRNA and led to apoptosis. These experiments demonstrate that a correct tissue architecture is crucial for long-range homeostasis, suppression of apoptosis, and maintenance of differentiated phenotype.
Allosteric Receptors: From Electric Organ to Cognition (2010)

This autobiography covers the past 50 years beginning with the development of the concept of allosteric proteins and its application to pharmacological receptors. It continues with the identification of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the discovery of its molecular organization, the structure of the acetylcholine-binding site and of the ion channel, and the demonstration of its allosteric transitions. The article then traces the origins of the concept of allosteric modulator and its consequences in pharmacology. It proceeds with the theory of selective stabilization of synapses and with experimental studies carried out on the contribution of the nicotinic receptor in the morphogenesis of the neuromuscular junction. The knowledge acquired with the nicotinic receptor is further exploited to reach higher levels of brain organization, and the contribution of nicotinic receptors to the action of nicotine on reward and cognition is explored, in particular, using a novel experimental strategy that combines nicotinic receptor genes knock-out and stereotaxic gene re-expression. Theoretical models of cognitive functions are proposed that link the molecular to the cognitive level. The report ends with a discussion on nicotinic receptors and the pharmacology of the future.
Rheumatoid Inflammatory T‐Cell Clones express mostly Th1 but also Th2 and Mixed (Th0‐Like) Cytokine Patterns (1993)

This study was performed in order to characterize whether T cells from rheumatoid synovial inflammation belong to the Th1- or Th2-like functional subsets. Cytokine production was studied in 26 CD4+ alpha beta+ and 2 CD8+ alpha beta T-cell clones from the synovial fluid, the synovial membrane and peripheral blood of 5 patients. Fifteen of the CD4+ clones were raised against various mycobacterial antigens and 11 CD4+ clones and 2 CD8+ clones were raised unspecifically using PHA and/or IL-2. The specificities of these clones are not known. In the mycobacterial antigen-specific group, all CD4+ alpha beta T-cell clones produced IFN-gamma at high levels, while the production of IL-4 was generally absent or low (< 1 ng/ml), consistent with a Th1-like profile. Some of these clones, however, also produced various amounts of IL-10 which has been regarded as a Th2 product but can be produced also in lower amounts by Th1 cells. One HSP-65-specific clone produced levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the same order as that of IFN-gamma, thus appearing to be Th0-like. Among the 11 unspecific CD4+ clones, 7 showed a Th1-like pattern but with lower levels of IFN-gamma than the antigen-specific clones. However, three clones did not produce any IFN-gamma activity but produced IL-4 and one of them also produced distinct amounts of IL-10, compatible with a Th2-like pattern. In addition, one of the clones also showed an almost equally strong IFN-gamma and IL-4 production, thus most likely representing a Th0-like clone.
Antibody to the Filarial Antigen Wb123 Reflects Reduced Transmission and Decreased Exposure in Children Born following Single Mass Drug Administration (MDA) (2012)

The relationship between reduction in Wb123 Ab prevalence and the reduction of transmission, seen most clearly in young children, strongly advocates for the continuing assessment and rapid development of Wb123 as a surveillance tool to detect potential transmission of bancroftian filariasis in treated endemic areas.
Design of a novel AMC with little sensitivity to the angle of incidence and very compact size (2006)

In this work, a basic cell shape (FSS shape) is first extracted from a 2D AMC structure designed by genetic algorithm (GA). The extracted FSS is a series-resonant grid (SRG) described analytically in C.R. Simovski et al., (2005). By applying the available analytical idea of C.R. Simovski et al. (2005), doing some parametric studies and using some innovation, a novel AMC with stable properties is obtained for wide range of incidence angles and with very compact size. During the process, one must be careful that the AMC bandwidth (BW) should not stray very much from acceptable limits. The FSS of the finalized AMC structure is a novel SRG that can be considered as a modified version of the well-known Jerusalem Cross (JC-FSS). For analysis of the structures, the Ansoff's Designer (AD) software, which is an electromagnetic solver based on the method of moments (MoM), is used
The effects of BOTOX injections on emotional experience. (2010)

Although it was proposed over a century ago that feedback from facial expressions influence emotional experience, tests of this hypothesis have been equivocal. Here we directly tested this facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) by comparing the impact on self-reported emotional experience of BOTOX injections (which paralyze muscles of facial expression) and a control Restylane injection (which is a cosmetic filler that does not affect facial muscles). When examined alone, BOTOX participants showed no pre- to posttreatment changes in emotional responses to our most positive and negative video clips. Between-groups comparisons, however, showed that relative to controls, BOTOX participants exhibited an overall significant decrease in the strength of emotional experience. This result was attributable to (a) a pre- versus postdecrease in responses to mildly positive clips in the BOTOX group and (b) an unexpected increase in responses to negative clips in the Restylane control group. These data suggest that feedback from facial expressions is not necessary for emotional experience, but may influence emotional experience in some circumstances. These findings point to specific directions for future work clarifying the expression-experience relationship.
Photochemistry of benzyl sulfite (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of benzyl sulfiteRobert J. Olsen, Brad D. Maxwell, and C. Allen RidgewayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 21, 3847–3848Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00169a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00169a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-acting insulin analogs. (1999)

Once daily injection of existing intermediate/long-acting insulin preparations does not provide a 24-h basal insulinemia in most patients. High variability, pronounced insulin peaks, and (as a result) a high risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia only poorly simulate normal physiology. One principle to prolong insulin action is the shift of the isoelectric point of insulin towards neutral. One example is HOE 901, which shows in healthy volunteers a constant peakless profile over the entire 24-h clamp period. In 4-week trials in comparison to NPH insulin, significant lower fasting plasma glucose levels were achieved with lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Another principle to prolong insulin action is the use of soluble fatty acid acylated insulins that are bound to albumin after absorption. The combination of long- and short-acting insulins might provide the tools towards the final goal of achieving sustained normoglycemia in diabetic patients.
Drug delivery through soft contact lenses: An introduction (2011)

The Drug Development and Therapeutics (DDT) is an open access peer-reviewed journal committed to publishing high-quality articles in the field of Drug synthesis and development and Therapeutics from industry, Clinicians and Academia.
Voltage-sensor sodium channel mutations cause hypokalemic periodic paralysis type 2 by enhanced inactivation and reduced current (2000)

The pathomechanism of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is a mystery, despite knowledge of the underlying dominant point mutations in the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) voltage sensor. In five HypoPP families without DHPR gene defects, we identified two mutations, Arg-672-->His and -->Gly, in the voltage sensor of domain 2 of a different protein: the skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha subunit, known to be responsible for hereditary muscle diseases associated with myotonia. Excised skeletal muscle fibers from a patient heterozygous for Arg-672-->Gly displayed depolarization and weakness in low-potassium extracellular solution. Slowing and smaller size of action potentials were suggestive of excitability of the wild-type channel population only. Heterologous expression of the two sodium channel mutations revealed a 10-mV left shift of the steady-state fast inactivation curve enhancing inactivation and a sodium current density that was reduced even at potentials at which inactivation was removed. Decreased current and small action potentials suggested a low channel protein density. The alterations are decisive for the pathogenesis of episodic muscle weakness by reducing the number of excitable sodium channels particularly at sustained membrane depolarization. The results prove that SCN4A, the gene encoding the sodium channel alpha subunit of skeletal muscle is responsible for HypoPP-2 which does not differ clinically from DHPR-HypoPP. HypoPP-2 represents a disease caused by enhanced channel inactivation and current reduction showing no myotonia.
A Switchable Active Filter Hybrid (1976)

A unique active bandpass filter is described, which is capable of selecting any of 12 different frequencies as defined by a digital input. This device utilizes both thick- and thin-film technologies to their best advantages. Filtering is performed by a state variable active filter circuit designed around a custom linear integrated circuit (lC) and precisely matched components. Frequency selection is accomplished by a custom MOS device. Functional laser trimming of both thinand thick-film resistors is employed to adjust circuit characteristics to extremely tight tolerances. The finished device must be packaged to maintain a high level of frequency stability over a wide range of environments. Two different packaging techniques are presently being successfully employed. The first is a standard chip and wire technique and the second relies on devices which are prepackaged in small ceramic carriers. This circuit, whose size, weight, and cost were previously impractical in discrete form, is presently being produced in production volumes.
The Application of Laser Ccladding Technology in the Production of Aluminum Aluminum Alloy Piston (2012)

This paper analysis and research the production pratice in laser cladding experiment and cladding layer corrosion resistance test,describes the feasibility and wide application prospect of laser cladding,tecknology in the aluminum alloy piston production.