gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection of Wood from Microorganisms by Laccase-Catalyzed Iodination (2012)

In the present work, Norway spruce wood (Picea abies L.) was reacted with a commercial Trametes versicolor laccase in the presence of potassium iodide salt or the phenolic compounds thymol and isoeugenol to impart an antimicrobial property to the wood surface. In order to assess the efficacy of the wood treatment, a leaching of the iodinated and polymerized wood and two biotests including bacteria, a yeast, blue stain fungi, and wood decay fungi were performed. After laccase-catalyzed oxidation of the phenols, the antimicrobial effect was significantly reduced. In contrast, the enzymatic oxidation of iodide (I(-)) to iodine (I(2)) in the presence of wood led to an enhanced resistance of the wood surface against all microorganisms, even after exposure to leaching. The efficiency of the enzymatic wood iodination was comparable to that of a chemical wood preservative, VP 7/260a. The modification of the lignocellulose by the laccase-catalyzed iodination was assessed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) technique. The intensities of the selected lignin-associated bands and carbohydrate reference bands were analyzed, and the results indicated a structural change in the lignin matrix. The results suggest that the laccase-catalyzed iodination of the wood surface presents an efficient and ecofriendly method for wood protection.
RM/sup 3/ integration of InP based 1.55 μm P-i-N photodetectors with silicon CMOS optical clock distribution circuits (2004)

Recess mounting with monolithic metallization, or RM/sup 3/ integration, is being developed to integrate III-V photodiodes on silicon CMOS circuits for optical clock distribution applications. In RM/sup 3/ integration, partially processed heterostructure devices are placed in recesses formed in the dielectric layers covering the surface of an integrated circuit chip, the surface is planarized, and monolithic processing is continued to transform the heterostructures into optoelectronic devices monolithically integrated with the underlying circuitry.
Diborane Reduction of Nitro Salts. A New Synthesis of N-Monosubstituted Hydroxylamines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiborane Reduction of Nitro Salts. A New Synthesis of N-Monosubstituted HydroxylaminesH. Feuer, R. S. Bartlett, B. F. Vincent Jr., and R. S. AndersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 9, 2880–2882Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01020a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01020a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views819Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Training techniques to improve fatigue resistance and enhance endurance performance (1997)

Despite their best efforts, sports scientists have found it difficult to persuade elite athletes to experiment with their training regimens. Thus, until recently, exercise physiologists have had limited impact on the training practices of successful athletes, with most of the innovations in the training patterns of the best athletes coming from the empirical observations of top-level coaches. One form of training recognized by sports scientists and used by athletes for several decades in interval/transition training. Such training consists of a number of exercise bouts alternated with short rest intervals of more slowly paced activity and is thought to improve the fatigue resistance of the active muscles by exposing them to sustained, high-intensity exercise at the athlete's maximal steady-state pace. Few scientific studies, however, have examined the effects of transition training on the performances of competitive athletes. This paper identifies the physiological factors associated with successful endurance performance, and summarizes the results of investigations on competitive endurance cyclists which examined the time-course of changes in performance in response to a sustained, high-intensity interval training programme.
EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (1959)

Young mice were maintained for periods of 1 to 6 weeks on experimental diets containing all known growth factors, but differing in their protein and amino acid contents. All diets were supplemented with L-cystine. The effect of the nutritional regimen on infection was tested by inoculating the animals with either one of four pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae type C), and by observing the survival time. The infective dose was administered by either one of three routes: intravenous, intraperitoneal, or air-borne (aerosol). In some experiments, the animals were maintained in groups of five throughout the tests. In other experiments they were housed in individual cages. This difference in housing did not affect the results in a detectable manner. Mice fed diets containing 5 or 8 per cent casein as sole source of amino acid (except for cystine supplementation) proved more susceptible to the experimental diseases than did mice fed diets containing 15 or 20 per cent of the same protein. Susceptibility to infection developed when wheat gluten, or soybean alpha-protein, was substituted for casein-even in high concentrations (15 or 20 per cent). In one experiment, mice were fed a diet containing as sole source of amino acids a mixture of soybean and rice flour, so designed as to provide a protein concentration of 15 per cent, with an amino acid pattern similar to that of casein. These animals gained weight at the same rate as those fed a diet containing 15 per cent casein and they exhibited a satisfactory level of resistance to bacterial infection. The infection-enhancing effect of low casein concentration (5 and 8 per cent) could be corrected by supplementing the diet with the proper mixture of amino acids. This could be done using either synthetic or natural amino acids. In contrast, susceptibility to infection developed when low casein diets were supplemented with unbalanced mixtures of amino acids. The infection-enhancing effect of gluten diets could not be corrected by supplementing the latter with lysine even though this supplementation markedly improved weight gains in uninfected animals. It appears in conclusion that the relative proportion of the various amino acids in the diet is as important a factor as their total amount in conditioning resistance to bacterial infections. This effect of nutrition on resistance can be detected irrespective of the route of infection: intravenous, intraperitoneal, or air-borne. Moreover, the effect has been observed with two strains of mice differing markedly in their natural resistance to bacterial infection.
Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean:<i>Fusarium solani</i>as Incitant and Relation of<i>Heterodera glycines</i>to Disease Severity (1989)

Two morphologically distinct forms of Fusarium solani, designated FS-A and FS-B,were isolated from soybean plants with symptoms of sudden death syndrome, a disease of unproven etiology. Form FS-A was isolated seven to 17 times more frequently from symptomatic than from asymptomatic plants, whereas FS-B was equally frequent on symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. (...)
Thermally stable poly(propylene carbonate) synthesized by copolymerizing with bulky naphthalene containing monomer (2008)

Abstract To enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), the terpolymers were synthesized from carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and a third monomer, [(2‐naphthyloxy)methyl]oxirane (NMO) using supported zinc glutarate as catalyst. The structure of these terpolymers was confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic activity, molecular weight, carbonate unit content, as well as thermal and mechanical properties were investigated extensively. The experimental results showed that the catalytic activity, molecular weight, and carbonate unit content decreased with the incorporation of NMO. DSC measurements indicated that the introduction of NMO increased the glass transition temperature from 38 to 42°C. TGA tests revealed that the thermal decomposition temperature ( T g −5% ) of the synthesized terpolymer increased significantly, being 34°C higher than that of pure PPC. Accordingly, the mechanical properties proved also to be enhanced greatly as evidenced by tensile tests. These thermal and mechanical improvements are of importance for the practical process and application of PPC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Discussion on application of information fusion techniques in electric power system fault detection (2003)

2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journal
Transannular Disulfide Formation in Gliotoxin Biosynthesis and Its Role in Self-Resistance of the Human Pathogen <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2010)

Gliotoxin (1), the infamous representative of the group of epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs), is a virulence factor of the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The unique redox-sensitive transannular disulfide bridge is critical for deleterious effects caused by redox cycling and protein conjugation in the host. Through a combination of genetic, biochemical, and chemical analyses, we found that 1 results from GliT-mediated oxidation of the corresponding dithiol. In vitro studies using purified GliT demonstrate that the FAD-dependent, homodimeric enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptor with concomitant formation of H(2)O(2). In analogy to the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase superfamily, a model for dithiol-disulfide exchange involving the conserved CxxC motif is proposed. Notably, while all studied disulfide oxidases invariably form intra- or interchenar disulfide bonds in peptides, GliT is the first studied enzyme producing an epidithio bond. Furthermore, through sensitivity assays using wild type, Delta gliT mutant, and complemented strain, we found that GliT confers resistance to the producing organism. A phylogenetic study revealed that GliT falls into a clade of yet fully uncharacterized fungal gene products deduced from putative ETP biosynthesis gene loci. GliT thus not only represents the prototype of ETP-forming enzymes in eukaryotes but also delineates a novel mechanism for self-resistance.
Interactions between p21ras proteins and their GTPase activating proteins. (1992)

Two proteins that regulate p21ras GTPase activity have been identified. These proteins interact with a region of ras p21 that is necessary for p21ras function and may themselves be components of signalling complexes. The first of these proteins to be identified, GAP, contains domains that interact with receptor tyrosine kinases and other tyrosine phosphoproteins, providing a direct link between signalling pathways involving these proteins and p21ras. The second, the product of the NF1 gene, is less well characterized but seems to connect p21ras to other signalling pathways which are perturbed in the NF1 disease. The ability of p21ras to interact with GAP may be compromised by competitive binding to the product of the Ki-rev1 gene, p21rap1. This competition for binding to GAP, or other proteins that interact with the effector site of ras p21, may explain the ability of Ki-rev1 to suppress cellular transformation by ras oncogenes.
Indium Phosphide Resonant Chemical Sensor with a Monolithically Integrated Optical Readout Scheme (2007)

We present a novel MEMS cantilever waveguide resonator sensing platform utilizing for the first time an integrated photodiode readout scheme. This platform uses indium phosphide (InP) to enable the monolithic integration of passive waveguides with active optical components. Cantilever waveguide resonators were successfully fabricated with integrated PIN photodiodes for displacement measurement. On-chip integration of the readout provides a 70% improvement in mass sensitivity compared to off-chip photodetector designs. We have successfully fabricated cantilever waveguides with integrated photodetectors and experimentally characterize these cantilever sensors with monolithically integrated PIN photodiodes.
A Primer of Fixator Devices and Configurations (1989)

This paper gives a general introduction to the terminology, concepts, and classifications of external fixators. A clear distinction is made between characteristics typical of the three types of external fixators, simple, clamp, and ring, and those typical of the four standard frames that can be built with each of the devices. These four frames, the one-plane unilateral, two-plane unilateral, one-plane bilateral, and two-plane bilateral configurations, differ in the ease of wound access they allow and their mechanical balance, particularly toward bending moments. Hybrids of different devices and frames may prove beneficial for stabilizing complex injuries.
Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Sympathoexcitatory Effects of Leptin (2015)

Leptin binds to receptors in multiple hypothalamic nuclei to increase sympathetic nerve activity; however, the neurocircuitry is unclear. Here, using anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, we investigated the role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular injection of leptin slowly increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and baroreflex control of LSNA and heart rate. Inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus with muscimol completely reversed leptin's effects. Blockade of paraventricular melanocortin 3/4 receptors with SHU9119 or ionotropic glutamate receptors with kynurenate, alone or together, each partially reversed the effects of leptin, implicating increased activation of glutamate and melanocortin 3/4 receptors. Conversely, although blockade of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus increased LSNA, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, these responses were prevented by intracerebroventricular or arcuate nucleus injections of leptin, suggesting that, at least in part, leptin also increases sympathetic nerve activity by suppression of tonic neuropeptide Y inhibitory inputs from the arcuate nucleus. Injection of the melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist melanotan-II into the paraventricular nucleus increased LSNA, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate only after blockade of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors. Therefore, we conclude that leptin increases LSNA in part via increased glutamatergic and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone drive of paraventricular sympathoexcitatory neurons, the latter of which requires simultaneous withdrawal of tonic neuropeptide Y inhibition.
Fast <it>k</it>-selection algorithms for graphics processing units (2012)

Finding the <it>k</it>th-largest value in a list of <it>n</it> values is a well-studied problem for which many algorithms have been proposed. A naïve approach is to sort the list and then simply select the <it>k</it>th term in the sorted list. However, when the sorted list is not needed, this method does quite a bit of unnecessary work. Although sorting can be accomplished efficiently when working with a graphics processing unit (GPU), this article proposes two GPU algorithms, <tt>radixSelect</tt> and <tt>bucketSelect</tt>, which are several times faster than sorting the vector. As the problem size grows so does the time savings of these algorithms with a sixfold speed-up over GPU sorting for float vectors larger than 2 24 and for double vectors larger than 2 20 , ultimately reaching a 19.1 times speed-up for double vectors of length 2 28 .
On the lifetime extension of energy-efficient multihop broadcast networks (2003)

In this paper, we address the problem of energy efficient multicast routing in wireless mobile adhoc network (MANET). It is a challenging environment because every node operates on limited battery resources and multihop routing paths are used over a constantly changing network environment due to node mobility. We define the network lifetime as duration of time until first node failure due to battery energy exhaustion, and show that the network lifetime for a multicast session can be significantly extended by additionally considering residual battery energy as a parameter in the cost metric function for constructing a power efficient routing tree. We also present a post-sweeping algorithm that further reduces the energy expenditure compared to the random sweeping proposed by Wieselthier et al. (2000). Simulation results are presented which supports our approach.
Noise reduction in Raman spectra: Finite impulse response filtration <i>versus</i> Savitzky–Golay smoothing (2007)

Abstract Application of the finite impulse response (FIR) filtration technique for the removal of spectral noise and background broadband deformations from the Raman spectra is tested. Optimal parameters of FIR filters are found and their effectiveness is compared with the Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing procedure. The FIR filtration is found to be an effective procedure to treat the whole Raman spectra, but high computing power is needed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing of serum TL1A and IL-17 levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients and related factors analysis (2013)

Objectove To analysis the relationship between serum TL1A and IL-17 levels and other laboratory and clinical data by testing serum TL1A and IL-17 levels of RA patients and healthy volunteers,and evaluate the clinical significance of serum TL1A and IL-17 levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods 50 cases of RA patients and healthy volunteers were collected respectively, the level of serum TL1A and IL -17 was measured by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between the level of serum TL1A, IL-17 and the data of laboratory and clinical was analyzed. Results The level of serum TL1A and IL-17[(1031.8±634) pg/ml and (257.07±84.88)pg/ml respectively)] was significantly elevated in RA patients compared with healthy volunteers [(309.46 ±59.64) pg/ml and (116.12±35.31) pg/ml], the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The laboratory and clinical data of RA patients were significantly elevated compared with healthy volunteers ( P 0.01). There was a positive correlation be- tween the level of serum TL1A, IL-17 and inflammatory markers(ESR,CRP) as well as clinical data(SJC,TJC,VAS) ( P 0.05), but no correlation with RF (P 0.05). Conclusion The level of serum TL1A and IL-17 is significantly elevated in RA patients compared with healthy volunteers. There is a positive correlation between the level of serum TL1A, IL-17 and inflammatory markers as well as severity of illness.
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid and medium-chain fatty acids on transepithelial calcium transport in human intestinal-like Caco-2 cells (2003)

Capric (10:0) and lauric (12:0) acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been shown to increase paracellular permeability across human intestinal-like Caco-2 cell monolayers. While this has generated interest in terms of improved drug absorption and delivery, little has been done in terms of their potential effect on nutrient transport across the intestinal epithelium. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of these fatty acids on transepithelial Ca transport in Caco-2 cells. Cells were seeded onto permeable transport membranes and allowed to differentiate, over 21 d, into intestinal-like cell monolayers. Monolayers (n 9 per treatment) were exposed to 0 (control) or 80 microm-10:0, 80 microm-12:0, 80 microm-18:2, 80 microm-CLA (mixed isomers), 80 microm-cis-9,trans-11 CLA or 80 microm-trans-10,cis-12 CLA for 22 d after seeding (chronic effect) or for 24 h before Ca transport studies (acute effect) on day 22. After exposure, transepithelial and transcellular transport of 45Ca, fluorescein transport (a marker of paracellular Ca transport) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER, an indicator of permeability) were measured. Overall Ca transport and TEER in Caco-2 cells were unaffected by exposure to any of the fatty acids for 24 h, or to 18:2, CLA blend or cis-9,trans-11 CLA for 22 d. Paracellular (but not total transepithelial and transcellular) Ca transport across Caco-2 cells was significantly increased (P<0.01, by about 1.5-fold relative to the control value) by exposure to 10:0, 12:0 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA for 22 d, suggesting that these non-esterified fatty acids could potentially enhance Ca absorption in vivo.
Proteome Analyses of Hydrogen-producing Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 in Different One-carbon Substrate Culture Conditions (2012)

Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, a sulfur-reducing hyperthermophilic archaeon, is capable of H(2)-producing growth, considered to be hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophy. Utilization of formate as a sole energy source has been well studied in T. onnurineus NA1. However, whether formate can be used as its carbon source remains unknown. To obtain a global view of the metabolic characteristics of H(2)-producing growth, a quantitative proteome analysis of T. onnurineus NA1 grown on formate, CO, and starch was performed by combining one-dimensional SDS-PAGE with nano UPLC-MS(E). A total of 587 proteins corresponding to 29.7% of the encoding genes were identified, and the major metabolic pathways (especially energy metabolism) were characterized at the protein level. Expression of glycolytic enzymes was common but more highly induced in starch-grown cells. In contrast, enzymes involved in key steps of the gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathways were strongly up-regulated in formate-grown cells, suggesting that formate could be utilized as a carbon source by T. onnurineus NA1. In accordance with the genomic analysis, comprehensive proteomic analysis also revealed a number of hydrogenase clusters apparently associated with formate metabolism. On the other hand, CODH and CO-induced hydrogenases belonging to the Hyg4-II cluster, as well as sulfhydrogenase-I and Mbx, were prominently expressed during CO culture. Our data suggest that CO can be utilized as a sole energy source for H(2) production via an electron transport mechanism and that CO(2) produced from catabolism or CO oxidation by CODH and CO-induced hydrogenases may subsequently be assimilated into the organic carbon. Overall, proteomic comparison of formate- and CO-grown cells with starch-grown cells revealed that a single carbon compound, such as formate and CO, can be utilized as an efficient substrate to provide cellular carbon and/or energy by T. onnurineus NA1.