gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Preparation and Some of the Properties of trans-6,14-Dihydrolevopimaric Acid-6,14-endo-α,β-succinic Acid (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Preparation and Some of the Properties of trans-6,14-Dihydrolevopimaric Acid-6,14-endo-α,β-succinic AcidNoah J. Halbrook and Ray V. LawrenceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 2, 368–370Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01535a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01535a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathological brain detection in MRI scanning by wavelet packet Tsallis entropy and fuzzy support vector machine (2015)

An computer-aided diagnosis system of pathological brain detection (PBD) is important for help physicians interpret and analyze medical images. We proposed a novel automatic PBD to distinguish pathological brains from healthy brains in magnetic resonance imaging scanning in this paper. The proposed method simplified the PBD problem to a binary classification task. We extracted the wavelet packet Tsallis entropy (WPTE) from each brain image. The WPTE is the Tsallis entropy of the coefficients of the discrete wavelet packet transform. The, the features were submitted to the fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM). We tested the proposed diagnosis method on 3 benchmark datasets with different sizes. A ten runs of K-fold stratified cross validation was carried out. The results demonstrated that the proposed WPTE + FSVM method excelled 17 state-of-the-art methods w.r.t. classification accuracy. The WPTE is superior to discrete wavelet transform. The Tsallis entropy performs better than Shannon entropy. The FSVM excels standard SVM. In closing, the proposed method "WPTE + FSVM" is effective in PBD.
Preparation of Purified Immunoglobulin G (IgG) (2003)

Several immunological procedures can be successfully carried out using nonpurified antibodies, such as unfractionated antisera or ascitic fluid/culture supernatant containing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). However, a much “cleaner” result can often be obtained if some form of enrichment or isolation of immunoglobulin is employed. Some procedures, such as conjugation with isotopes, fluorochromes, or enzymes, and preparation of immunoaffinity columns cannot usually be efficiently performed with nonpurified immunoglobulin, and some procedures may yield artifactual results if whole antiserum or ascitic fluid is used as a source of antibody. Purification of immunoglobulins is therefore essential or at least useful for a range of immunological methods. This process may consist of purification of total IgG or subpopulations (e.g., subclasses) of IgG from antisera/ascitic fluid/culture supernatant or the isolation of a particular antigen-binding fraction from such fluids. The former can be achieved by biochemical procedures, whereas the latter usually requires some form of affinity purification.
Respiratory burst activity of intestinal macrophages in normal and inflammatory bowel disease. (1989)

Macrophages isolated from normal mucosa (greater than 5 cm from tumour) and inflamed mucosa (from patients with inflammatory bowel disease) of colon and ileum were studied for their ability to undergo a respiratory burst as assessed by reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan. Using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and opsonised zymosan as triggers, only a minority (median: 8% for zymosan and 9% for PMA) of macrophages isolated from normal colonic mucosa demonstrated release of oxygen radicals. In contrast, a significantly greater (median: 17% for zymosan and 45% for PMA) proportion of macrophages isolated from inflamed colonic mucosa were able to undergo respiratory burst. Studies with normal and inflamed ileum showed similar results. Stimulation of macrophages isolated from normal colon with interferon-gamma produced only a small increase in the proportion of cells showing release of oxygen radicals. We conclude that the respiratory burst capacity of majority of macrophages isolated from normal colon and ileum is downregulated and a greater proportion of macrophages isolated from inflamed colon and ileum are able to undergo a respiratory burst.
Nitrous Oxide Lacks the Antinociceptive Effect on the Tail Flick Test in Newborn Rats (2000)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is commonly used for pediatric anesthesia under the assumption that it produces a similar analgesic response to that seen in adults. We examined the antinociceptive effect of 75% N2O on tail flick latency response in newborn rats at postnatal Day 1 (PD 1), PD 8, PD 15, PD 22, and PD 29. Up to PD 15, rats showed no analgesic effect to N2O. By PD 29, rats exhibited a comparable analgesic effect to that seen in adult animals. These data are consistent with the fact that the descending noradrenergic neurons, which are required for the analgesic action of N2O, are not anatomically or functionally developed at birth and take more than three weeks to fully develop in rats. Implications The present study indicates that rats below 3 wk old lack an antinociceptive effect to nitrous oxide by using the tail flick test. Because a 3-wk-old rat is comparable in neurological development with the toddler stage in humans, we may anticipate that patients below this age may not experience the usual analgesic effect of nitrous oxide.
Context Modeling for Device- and Location-Aware Mobile Web Applications. (2005)

Ubiquitous Web systems have to deal with varying context information in order to support context awareness. Accomplishing this requirement necessitates gathering, processing and representing that information, so that it can be used for adapting Web applications. In this paper we propose a mechanism for modeling dynamically changing context information like user’s device capabilities and location. Furthermore we show how this modeling mechanism can be integrated into context-aware system architectures. With the aid of this approach we are able to perform a deviceand location-aware online document generation of Web documents for mobile appliances.
Rapid cooling for saving lives: a bioengineering opportunity (2007)

The induction of mild hypothermia, lowering body temperature by 4 degrees C, is gaining acceptance as an acute therapy for the treatment of hypoxia and ischemia following cardiac arrest and many life-threatening injuries. When hypothermia is used following ischemia (as opposed to before ischemia), it needs to be performed rapidly for the greatest benefit, preferably within 5 min. When we consider the basic heat-transfer problem and define the engineering parameter space, we find that almost 3900 W of cooling are required in order to achieve 4 degrees C cooling within 5 min. A simple model reveals that this poses a significant bioengineering challenge as the rate of heat transfer is severely limited, owing to a relatively confined fundamental parameter space. Current methods of cooling include external cooling devices, such as cooling blankets or ice bags, which are simple to use, relatively inexpensive but slow. Internal cooling has the best ability to cool more rapidly but current devices are more invasive, costly and most are still not able to provide cooling within the rapid 5-min interval. Cardiopulmonary bypass and recirculating coolants can achieve the cooling rate but are currently extremely invasive and require a highly skilled team to implement. Future therapies may include phase-change coolants, such as microparticulate ice-saline slurries or evaporative cooling technologies specifically designed for human use. With continuing research and investment, methods for rapid cooling can be developed and will translate into saving lives.
Eclipse attacks on Bitcoin's peer-to-peer network (2015)

We present eclipse attacks on bitcoin’s peer-to-peer net-work. Our attack allows an adversary controlling a suffi-cient number of IP addresses to monopolize all connec-tions to and from a victim bitcoin node. The attacker can then exploit the victim for attacks on bitcoin’s mining and consensus system, including N-confirmation double spending, selfish mining, and adversarial forks in the blockchain. We take a detailed look at bitcoin’s peer-to-peer network, and quantify the resources involved in our attack via probabilistic analysis, Monte Carlo simu-lations, measurements and experiments with live bitcoin nodes. Finally, we present countermeasures, inspired by botnet architectures, that are designed to raise the bar for eclipse attacks while preserving the openness and decen-tralization of bitcoin’s current network architecture. 1
SHARCGS, a fast and highly accurate short-read assembly algorithm for de novo genomic sequencing (2007)

The latest revolution in the DNA sequencing field has been brought about by the development of automated sequencers that are capable of generating giga base pair data sets quickly and at low cost. Applications of such technologies seem to be limited to resequencing and transcript discovery, due to the shortness of the generated reads. In order to extend the fields of application to de novo sequencing, we developed the SHARCGS algorithm to assemble short-read (25-40-mer) data with high accuracy and speed. The efficiency of SHARCGS was tested on BAC inserts from three eukaryotic species, on two yeast chromosomes, and on two bacterial genomes (Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli). We show that 30-mer-based BAC assemblies have N50 sizes >20 kbp for Drosophila and Arabidopsis and >4 kbp for human in simulations taking missing reads and wrong base calls into account. We assembled 949,974 contigs with length >50 bp, and only one single contig could not be aligned error-free against the reference sequences. We generated 36-mer reads for the genome of Helicobacter acinonychis on the Illumina 1G sequencing instrument and assembled 937 contigs covering 98% of the genome with an N50 size of 3.7 kbp. With the exception of five contigs that differ in 1-4 positions relative to the reference sequence, all contigs matched the genome error-free. Thus, SHARCGS is a suitable tool for fully exploiting novel sequencing technologies by assembling sequence contigs de novo with high confidence and by outperforming existing assembly algorithms in terms of speed and accuracy.
Enamel matrix derivative and low‐level laser therapy in the treatment of intra‐bony defects: a randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial (2007)

This study shows that EMD is an effective, safe and predictable biomaterial for periodontal regeneration and LLLT may improve the effects of EMD by reducing post-operative complications.
A lotsize reduction model for just‐in‐time manufacturing systems (2002)

The importance of reducing product lotsizes in converting traditional job shops into just‐in‐time (JIT) type manufacturing systems has been addressed in the literature. This paper presents a lotsize reduction model for closed stochastic production systems. The model is formulated based on an M/G/c queuing lotsize model. Product lotsize choice is related to all major components of job flow time: waiting time in queue, batch processing time, batch moving time, and finished goods warehousing time. The research is motivated by the fact that an optimal lotsize solution that minimizes only average job waiting time in the shop may not be optimal when the effects of job batch processing time, batch moving time, and batch warehousing time are also considered. There is no general closed form solution to the model due to the complexity of its nonlinear formulation. Based on the unique properties of the model, heuristic solution procedures are developed. The research demonstrates opportunities for shop managers to significantly reduce product lotsizes while minimizing total operating cost.
Hydrogen Generation from the Dissociation of Water Using Microwave Plasmas (2013)

Hydrogen is produced by direct dissociation of water vapor, i.e., splitting water molecules by the electrons in water plasma at low pressure (<10–50 Torr) using microwave plasma discharge. This condition generates a high electron temperature, which facilitates the direct dissociation of water molecules. A microwave plasma source is developed, utilizing the magnetron of a microwave oven and a TE10 rectangular waveguide. The quantity of the generated hydrogen is measured using a residual gas analyzer. The electron density and temperature are measured by a Langmuir probe, and the neutral temperature is calculated from the OH line intensity.
Organ-specific nuclear RNAs in tobacco. (1984)

We investigated the developmental regulation of nuclear RNA sequences in tobacco vegetative (leaf, root, stem) and floral (petal, ovary, anther) organ systems using RNA-excess X single-copy DNA hybridization reactions. We found that 18% of the single-copy DNA, equivalent to 1.1 X 10(5) kilobases (kb) of diverse transcripts, is represented in the nuclear RNA of each organ. Each nuclear RNA population has both shared and organ-specific sequences. Depending upon the nuclear RNA, 10-40% of the complexity, or 1.1-4.4 X 10(4) kb of diverse sequence, is organ-specific. Collectively, at least 45% of the single-copy DNA, or 3 X 10(5) kb, is represented in the nuclear RNA of the entire plant. Hybridization experiments with polysomal RNA showed that organ-specific mRNAs are present in both the unique and shared nuclear RNA subsets. Together, our results show that tobacco nuclear RNA sequences are under striking developmental control and that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes play a role in regulating plant gene expression.
Adaptation of H+-Pumping and Plasma Membrane H+ ATPase Activity in Proteoid Roots of White Lupin under Phosphate Deficiency (2002)

White lupin (Lupinus albus) is able to adapt to phosphorus deficiency by producing proteoid roots that release a huge amount of organic acids, resulting in mobilization of sparingly soluble soil phosphate in rhizosphere. The mechanisms responsible for the release of organic acids by proteoid root cells, especially the trans-membrane transport processes, have not been elucidated. Because of high cytosolic pH, the release of undissociated organic acids is not probable. In the present study, we focused on H+ export by plasma membrane H+ ATPase in active proteoid roots. In vivo, rhizosphere acidification of active proteoid roots was vanadate sensitive. Plasma membranes were isolated from proteoid roots and lateral roots from P-deficient and -sufficient plants. In vitro, in comparison with two types of lateral roots and proteoid roots of P-sufficient plants, the following increase of the various parameters was induced in active proteoid roots of P-deficient plants: (a) hydrolytic ATPase activity, (b) Vmax and Km, (c) H+ ATPase enzyme concentration of plasma membrane, (d) H+-pumping activity, (e) pH gradient across the membrane of plasmalemma vesicles, and (f) passive H+ permeability of plasma membrane. In addition, lower vanadate sensitivity and more acidic pH optimum were determined for plasma membrane ATPase of active proteoid roots. Our data support the hypothesis that in active proteoid root cells, H+ and organic anions are exported separately, and that modification of plasma membrane H+ ATPase is essential for enhanced rhizosphere acidification by active proteoid roots.
Rapid and Efficient Generation of Functional Motor Neurons From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Gene Delivered Transcription Factor Codes (2011)

Stem cell-derived motor neurons (MNs) are increasingly utilized for modeling disease in vitro and for developing cellular replacement strategies for spinal cord injury and diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation into MNs, which involves retinoic acid (RA) and activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is inefficient and requires up to 60 days to develop MNs with electrophysiological properties. This prolonged differentiation process has hampered the use of hESCs, in particular for high-throughput screening. We evaluated the MN gene expression profile of RA/SHH-differentiated hESCs to identify rate-limiting factors involved in MN development. Based on this analysis, we developed an adenoviral gene delivery system encoding for MN inducing transcription factors: neurogenin 2 (Ngn2), islet-1 (Isl-1), and LIM/homeobox protein 3 (Lhx3). Strikingly, delivery of these factors induced functional MNs with mature electrophysiological properties, 11-days after gene delivery, with >60-70% efficiency from hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This directed programming approach significantly reduces the time required to generate electrophysiologically-active MNs by approximately 30 days in comparison to conventional differentiation techniques. Our results further exemplify the potential to use transcriptional coding for rapid and efficient production of defined cell types from hESCs and hiPSCs.
Potato Early Dying and Yield Responses to Compost, Green Manures, Seed Meal and Chemical Treatments (2014)

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a soilborne fungal pathogen of many crops. In potato, it is the major causal agent of Early Dying. In Manitoba, potato fields planted with cv. Russet Burbank are infested with highly pathogenic V. dahliae isolates, which can produce up to 90 % disease severity. The objective of the study was to evaluate selected compost, green manure, and seed-meal treatments, in comparison with the soil fumigant Vapam, for their ability to reduce propagule density of V. dahliae in soil and decrease disease, and to enhance potato yield. Select green manure crops (oriental and white mustard, Canada milk vetch, sorghum-sudangrass, rye, alfalfa, oat/pea mixture), organic amendments (composted cattle manure and mustard seed-meal), and Vapam, and crop sequences that contribute to the suppression of Verticillium, or the improvement of potato yield were used in a 3-year field study initiated in 2006. Survival in soil of microsclerotia was evaluated as a measure of treatments’ success in potentially reducing Early Dying. Compost and seed-meal treatments, compared to an untreated control, reduced incidence to 30 and 40 %, respectively, but only seed-meal reduced V. dahliae propagule density. Overall, green manures over 1 or 2-years were ineffective in reducing propagule density or improving potato yield. Vapam was partially effective in reducing the propagule density only at the beginning of the potato season, but it did not reduce disease incidence compared to the control. Compost and seed-meal are promising as alternative control of V. dahliae. Only compost reduced disease and increased potato yield, which was associated with improved nutrient availability (phosphorus and sulfate) in soil.
Perovskite solar cells with a hybrid electrode structure (2019)

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a novel hybrid electrode structure, in which a single device can operate with either a vertical (sandwich) or lateral (back-contact) configuration of contacts, are demonstrated in this work. The hybrid structure was achieved by depositing an additional anode on top of a prefabricated back-contact PSC device, giving a final device with three electrodes—one shared cathode and two anodes. Device performances are tested and evaluated for both operation modes, and a semianalytical model along with coupled optoelectronic simulations is used to rationalize the experimental results. It is determined that due to the intrinsically narrow depletion region near the contact interfaces, the charge collection efficiency in the back-contact device structure appears to be significantly lower compared to the sandwich device structure. This finding provides an insight into the cause of the performance disparity between these two architectures.
Mediterranean Diet and Mild Cognitive Impairment (2009)

Higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with a trend for reduced risk of developing MCI and with reduced risk of MCI conversion to AD.
Real-Time Image Matching Based on Multiple View Kernel Projection (2007)

This paper proposes a novel matching method for realtime finding the correspondences among different images containing the same object. The method utilizes an efficient Kernel Projection scheme to descript the image patch around a detected feature point. In order to achieve invariance and tolerance to geometric distortions, it combines a training stage based on generated synthetic views of the object. The two reliable and efficient methods cooperate together, resulting the core part of our novel multiple view kernel projection method (MVKP). Finally, considering the properties and distribution of the described feature vectors, we search for the best correspondence between two sets of features using a fast filtering vector approximation (FFVA) algorithm, which can be viewed as a fast lower-bound rejection scheme. Extensive experimental results on both synthetic and real data have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Phase 2A Dose-Escalation Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Haemodynamic Effects of BMS-986231 in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (2017)

BMS-986231 demonstrated a favourable safety and haemodynamic profile in patients hospitalized with advanced heart failure. Based on preclinical data and these study's findings, it is possible that the haemodynamic benefits may be mediated by inotropic and/or lusitropic as well as vasodilatory effects. The therapeutic potential of BMS-986231 should be further assessed in patients with heart failure.
Fog Computing in Healthcare–A Review and Discussion (2017)

Fog computing is an architectural style in which network components between devices and the cloud execute application-specific logic. We present the first review on fog computing within healthcare informatics, and explore, classify, and discuss different application use cases presented in the literature. For that, we categorize applications into use case classes and list an inventory of application-specific tasks that can be handled by fog computing. We discuss on which level of the network such fog computing tasks can be executed, and provide tradeoffs with respect to requirements relevant to healthcare. Our review indicates that: 1) there is a significant number of computing tasks in healthcare that require or can benefit from fog computing principles; 2) processing on higher network tiers is required due to constraints in wireless devices and the need to aggregate data; and 3) privacy concerns and dependability prevent computation tasks to be completely moved to the cloud. These findings substantiate the need for a coherent approach toward fog computing in healthcare, for which we present a list of recommended research and development actions.