gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current status on new anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs and devices (1997)

Several new drugs for the management of thromboembolic disorders have recently become available. Low-molecular-weight heparins are being evaluated for the prophylaxis of medical and surgical deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; for the treatment of pre-existing thrombosis; and for cases of coronary syndrome (unstable angina, myocardial infarction), thrombotic and ischemic stroke, interventional cardiology, pregnancy, cancer, and transplantation-associated thrombosis. A chemically synthesized heparin pentasaccharide, which has purely anti-factor Xa activity and does not induce thrombocytopenia, is also in clinical trial. Thrombin inhibitors, such as hirudin and argatroban, are a practical anticoagulant substitute where heparin cannot be used. They are also useful for the management of coronary syndrome and as adjunct therapy. The antiplatelet agent ticlopidine and its analogue, clopidogrel, which does not produce blood dyscrasia, are effective for the secondary prevention of thrombotic stroke and the management of combined arterial thrombotic syndromes. Glycoprotein-targeting antibodies, synthetic derivatives, and peptides (some of which are orally bioavailable) have added a new dimension to the management of arterial thrombosis and high-risk patients having angioplasty. Plasma-derived agents, such as antithrombin III, are available for the management of thrombophilia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Compression devices and the foot pump, alone and in combination with pharmacologic agents, have been used successfully. Combination therapy using various agents in different proportions have also been found useful. Although there is much enthusiasm in this quickly developing area and clinical trials are demonstrating the antithrombotic efficacy of the new drugs, safety considerations require additional clinical validation. Long-term outcomes and costs also need to be addressed objectively.
Association of alcohol consumption with total serum immunoglobulin E levels and allergic sensitization in an adult population‐based survey (2003)

Alcohol consumption above a certain threshold is associated with an increase in total serum IgE levels. Alcohol consumption may also be associated with an increased prevalence of pollen sensitization.
Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 2. Evaluating the results of published surveys. (1991)

The fundamental principles of energy physiology were used to evaluate the validity of reported energy intake (EI) in 37 published dietary studies of adults providing 68 subgroups when classified according to sex and dietary method. EI was expressed as a multiple of BMR estimated using the reported heights and weights of the study populations (EI:BMR(est)). This ratio was compared with a study-specific cut-off value representing the lowest value for EI:BMR(est) that could, within defined bounds of statistical probability, reflect the habitual energy expenditure of a sedentary life-style. Mean EI:BMR(est) was 1.43 (0.19) compared with an expected requirement of 1.55. In 46 out of the 68 groups (68%), EI:BMR(est) was below the study-specific cut-off value. EI:BMR(est) was 1.37 (SD = 0.13) for women and 1.50 (SD = 0.16) for men (P less than 0.001). This could reflect either better reporting by men or a more active life-style. When categorized according to dietary assessment method, 64%, 88% and 25% of results fell below the acceptable cut-off value for studies by diet records, diet recall and diet history, respectively. These data indicate that dietary assessment methods have a strong bias towards underestimation of habitual energy intake.
Hydraulic Systems Analysis (1976)

Engineering design calculations are usually based on approximations and simplifying assumptions rather than being exact and precise so as to ensure that results are obtained quickly and economically.Prerequisites of suitable calculation procedures are that they give results of sufficient accuracy for their purpose but are in no danger of being misleading.In the case of hydraulic systems and servomechanisms, one such technique for carrying out design calculations is based on the method of linear analysis.With this method the characteristics of the various components of any device are represented in the form of linear equations which are then taken together in order to predict how a completed system will behave.The actual behaviour of the practical device may be somewhat different from that predicted but the differences should be only in detail and not in essence.This book traces the constituent features involved in applying linear methods to hydraulic mechanisms.A step-by-step approach is adopted with no attempt made to convert the text into a reference book.Involved are certain aspects of the subjects of dynamics and of fluid mechanics combined with the basic concepts of linear control theory and a few electrical ideas (for coping with electrohydraulics).The text concentrates on this so-called 'small perturbation' or 'small excursion' or linearised analysis whose use in hydraulics has been developed in the past by various research workers.One pioneer in this field, under whose aegis the author has now worked for some years, is Professor J. K. Royle.More advanced techniques of analysis have also H. E. Merritt evolved and one book Hydraulic Control Systems by H. E. Merritt, dealing with both linear and other methods, is particularly recommended for further reading.
Differential Subcellular Localization of Protein Phosphatase-1 α, γ1, and δ Isoforms during Both Interphase and Mitosis in Mammalian Cells (1998)

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) is involved in the regulation of numerous metabolic processes in mammalian cells. The major isoforms of PP-1, alpha, gamma1, and delta, have nearly identical catalytic domains, but they vary in sequence at their extreme NH2 and COOH termini. With specific antibodies raised against the unique COOH-terminal sequence of each isoform, we find that the three PP-1 isoforms are each expressed in all mammalian cells tested, but that they localize within these cells in a strikingly distinct and characteristic manner. Each isoform is present both within the cytoplasm and in the nucleus during interphase. Within the nucleus, PP-1 alpha associates with the nuclear matrix, PP-1 gamma1 concentrates in nucleoli in association with RNA, and PP-1 delta localizes to nonnucleolar whole chromatin. During mitosis, PP-1 alpha is localized to the centrosome, PP-1 gamma1 is associated with microtubules of the mitotic spindle, and PP-1 delta strongly associates with chromosomes. We conclude that PP-1 isoforms are targeted to strikingly distinct and independent sites in the cell, permitting unique and independent roles for each of the isoforms in regulating discrete cellular processes.
Strong binding of ditopic substrates by a doubly linked occlusive C1 clamshell as distinguished from an aversive C2 loveseat cyclodextrin dimer (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrong binding of ditopic substrates by a doubly linked occlusive C1 clamshell as distinguished from an aversive C2 loveseat cyclodextrin dimerRonald Breslow and Shin ChungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 26, 9659–9660Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00182a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00182a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Field Case Study of Inter-well Chemical Tracer Test (2015)

Abstract Tracers are increasingly being used as effective reservoir monitoring and surveillance (M&S) tool in the oil and gas industry. They can qualitatively or quantitatively gauge how fluid flows through the reservoir. Tracer surveys, conducted either as interwell tests or single-well tests, are one of the enabling technologies that can be deployed to investigate reservoir flow performance, reservoir connectivity, residual oil saturation and reservoir properties that control displacement processes, particularly in improved oil recovery (IOR) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. An inter-well chemical tracer test (IWCTT) was designed and implemented in a carbonate field with a diffuse fracture network on peripheral water-flood to determine reservoir connectivity, water breakthrough times, and fluid saturations. The reservoir is heterogeneous with layers of high to low permeability limestone with porosity a range of 20-30%, and interspersed with patchy layers of dolomites and a very competent anhydrite seal. The IWCTT was conducted on a very mature part of the field near the peripheral water injectors to determine the effectiveness of infill injector wells. Four distinct tracers were injected into four individual injectors and the residuals were monitored in four “paired” producers. This paper reviews the complete design and implementation of the test, operational issues, and the analyses and interpretation of the results. The breakthrough times of the tracers are reported and interwell connectivity between the paired and cross-paired injectors and producers are analyzed. Tracers were detected in three of the paired producers, albeit at different breakthrough times. One tracer was also detected in a cross-paired producer. The tracer results were modeled using the current reservoir simulation model with fairly good matches. The tracer data were then used to fine tune the current reservoir simulation model. The IWCTT has been very effective in analyzing well interconnectivity in the reservoir and has led to better reservoir description and an improved dynamic simulation model. Plans for further implementation of this important M&S tool will also be shared.
Dutch-Roll Stability Analysis of an Air Mobility Vehicle Using Navier–Stokes Equations (2021)

Dutch-roll motions caused by sudden gusts are studied for a typical advanced air mobility vehicle. The selected configuration consists of a fuselage with high wing powered by lifting and pushing propellers. Flow is modeled using the Navier–Stokes equations. A procedure is developed to embed the Dutch-roll motion equations in an overset grid topology along with rotating blades. Results are validated with lifting line theory computations and experiments. A typical Dutch-roll stability scenario is demonstrated by time-accurately integrating trajectory equations with the flow equations. The present work extends the capabilities of the current Navier–Stokes solvers to design urban air taxi configurations.
NEPTUNIUM RECOVERY AND PURIFICATION AT HANFORD (1963)

From American Chemical Society Production Technology of Np-237 and Pu- 238, Denver, Jan. 1964. Neptunium is routinely recovered from irradiated fuel elements at Hanford's two main separation plants. Initial development tests were started in the Purex plant in 1958, then in the Redox plant in 1959, and recently culminated in the installation of new production systems in both plants for improved recoveries. Both recovery flowsheets employ solvent extraction techniques based on the relative extractability of neptunium-VI. The neptunium is co-extracted with uranium and plutonium in the plants' first extraction cycles and then partitioned and decontaminated in separate neptanium cycles. Excellent decontamination from fission products is achieved without interfering with mamline uranium and plutonium production. Recovered neptunium is purified by anion exchange and shipped offsite for subsequent irradiation to plutonaim-238. Overall separation factors of uranium and fission products from neptunium are greater than 10/sup 7/ and 10/sup 10/ respectively. (auth)
A NOVEL FAST IMAGE ENCRYPTION SCHEME BASED ON 3D CHAOTIC BAKER MAPS (2004)

Symmetric block encryption schemes, designed on invertible two-dimensional chaotic maps on a torus or a square, prove feasible and secure for real-time image encryption according to the commonly used criteria given in the literature. In this paper, a typical map of this kind, namely, the baker map, is further extended to be three-dimensional and then used to speed up image encryption while retaining its high degree of security. The proposed algorithm is described in detail, along with its security analysis and implementation. Experimental results show that this three-dimensional baker map is 2–3 times faster than the two-dimensional one, showing its great potential in real-time image encryption applications.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Cyclosporin Peptides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-Phase Synthesis of Cyclosporin PeptidesYvonne M. Angell, Timothy L. Thomas, George R. Flentke, and Daniel H. RichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 27, 7279–7280Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00132a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00132a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Betting boolean-style: a framework for trading in securities based on logical formulas (2003)

We develop a framework for trading in compound securities: financial instruments that pay off contingent on the outcomes of arbitrary statements in propositional logic. Buying or selling securities---which can be thought of as betting on or against a particular future outcome---allows agents both to hedge risk and to profit (in expectation) on subjective predictions. A compound securities market allows agents to place bets on arbitrary boolean combinations of events, enabling them to more closely achieve their optimal risk exposure, and enabling the market as a whole to more closely achieve the social optimum.The tradeoff for allowing such expressivity is in the complexity of the agents' and auctioneer's optimization problems.We develop and motivate the concept of a compound securities market, presenting the framework through a series of formal definitions and examples. We then analyze in detail the auctioneer's matching problem. We show that, with numevents events, the matching problem is co-NP-complete in the divisible case and complete in the indivisible case. We show that the latter hardness result holds even under severe language restrictions on bids. With events, and numevents securities, the problem is polynomial in the divisible case and NP-complete in the indivisible case. We briefly discuss matching algorithms and tractable special cases.
Comparison of frequency estimators for interrogation of wireless resonant SAW sensors (2015)

Statistical simulation is used to evaluate performance of four different frequency estimators for interrogation of resonant wireless SAW sensors. The first one is based on DFT and quadratic interpolation, the second one employs a weighted least-squares estimate of the phase difference between signal samples. The third and the fourth methods use singular value decomposition and apply a weighted linear predictor in the case of constant sine wave amplitude and an iterative least squares method in the case of decaying sine wave. Numerical receiver model includes additive and phase noises, SAW response limiting, non-linear phase distortions and parasitic SAW responses. Experimental results are also obtained for all the four frequency estimators.
Molecular Imaging of Mesothelioma with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>99m</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>c</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>-ECG and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>G</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>68</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>a</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>-ECG (2012)

We have developed ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (ECG) as an alternative to (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) for cancer imaging. ECG localizes in the nuclear components of cells via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. This study was to evaluate the feasibility of imaging mesothelioma with (99m)Tc-ECG and (68)Ga-ECG. ECG was synthesized from thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-D-glucopyranose, followed by reduction in sodium and liquid ammonia to yield ECG (52%). ECG was chelated with (99m)Tc/tin (II) and (68)Ga/(69)Ga chloride for in vitro and in vivo studies in mesothelioma. The highest tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-ECG is 0.47 at 30 min post injection, and declined to 0.08 at 240 min post injection. Tumor uptake (%ID/g), tumor/lung, tumor/blood, and tumor/muscle count density ratios for (99m)Tc-ECG (30-240 min) were 0.47 ± 0.06 to 0.08 ± 0.01; 0.71 ± 0.07 to 0.85 ± 0.04; 0.47 ± 0.03 to 0.51 ± 0.01, and 3.49 ± 0.24 to 5.06 ± 0.25; for (68)Ga-ECG (15-60 min) were 0.70 ± 0.06 to 0.92 ± 0.08; 0.64 ± 0.05 to 1.15 ± 0.08; 0.42 ± 0.03 to 0.67 ± 0.07, and 3.84 ± 0.52 to 7.00 ± 1.42; for (18)F-FDG (30-180 min) were 1.86 ± 0.22 to 1.38 ± 0.35; 3.18 ± 0.44 to 2.92 ± 0.34, 4.19 ± 0.44 to 19.41 ± 2.05 and 5.75 ± 2.55 to 3.33 ± 0.65, respectively. Tumor could be clearly visualized with (99m)Tc-ECG and (68)Ga-ECG in mesothelioma-bearing rats. (99m)Tc-ECG and (68)Ga-ECG showed increased uptake in mesothelioma, suggesting they may be useful in diagnosing mesothelioma and also monitoring therapeutic response.
In Yeast, upc2-1 Confers a Decrease in Tolerance to LiCl and NaCl, Which Can Be Suppressed by the P-Type ATPase Encoded by ENA2 (1999)

Wild-type yeast cells are unable to take up sterols from their growth media under aerobic conditions and are relatively resistant to monovalent cations. A yeast mutant (upc2-1) with a defect in the aerobic exclusion of sterols was found to have increased sensitivity to LiCl and NaCl. Although cation sensitivity has been reported for mutants that synthesize altered sterols, the mutant with upc2-1 continues to produce the normal sterol, ergosterol. The ENA2 gene was cloned on the basis of remediating the hypersensitivity to the monovalent cations.
Correlation of Kennedy pathway efficiency with seed oil content of canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) lines (2011)

Chen, J. M., Qi, W. C., Wang, S. Y., Guan, R. Z. and Zhang, H. S. 2011. Correlation of Kennedy pathway efficiency with seed oil content of canola (Brassica napus L.) lines. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 251–259. The Kennedy pathway (KP) has been demonstrated to be crucial for seed oil accumulation. To answer whether the KP enzyme activities can explain seed oil content variation of conventional canola lines, six lines with three different levels of oil (high, middle and low) were tested for seed KP enzyme activities and hexose (2 sucrose+glucose+fructose) concentrations at 18, 25, 32, 39 and 46 d after pollination (DAP). The results showed that lines with high and middle seed oil content levels (HO and MO) had higher phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities and higher sugar contents than the lines with low oil levels (LO). The lowest KP enzyme activity (LEA) for each combination of line and DAP can be regarded as indicator to the bioassembly efficiency. In most of the combinations, DGAT was the enzyme with LEA, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) or PAP acted as the enzyme with LEA in a few cases. Correlation analyses showed that peak values and averages of LEA in the lines were significantly correlated with seed oil content, indicating that KP enzyme efficiency is tightly associated with seed oil content.
Clinical study of database management to improve the quality of care in the childhood asthma (2011)

Objective To investigate effectiveness of database management to improve the quality of care in the childhood asthma. Methods A database was established on extensive data which were collected from different regions and different age children with asthma of the Childhood Asthma Center of Boai Hospital in Zhongshan City. The patients were called and visited regularly according to the database, then, supervised their rational medication and performed health education. The program had been running for two years. The social benefit and treatment quality were compared with specialized paper medical record management. Results Database standardized management saved considerable time retrieval of information. Clinical controlling ratio, subsequent visit regularly and parent's satifactions were improved noticeably. Children were less to be readmitted to the hospital Conclusions The database management can increase rates of return visit and clinical controlling, and lower recrudescent rate of asthma Consequently, it is worth being further popularized.

Key words: 
Zhongshan city;  Chilren asthma;  Database management;  Social benefit
A Study of Automatic Evaluation Platform for Speech Recognition Engine in the Vehicle Environment (2012)

주행 중 차량내의 음성인터페이스 에서 음성인식기의 성능은 가장 중요한 부분이다. 본 논문은 차량내 음성인식기의 성능 평가를 자동화하기 위한 플랫폼의 개발에 대한 것이다. 개발된 플랫폼은 주 프로그램, 중계 프로그램 데이터베이스 관리, 통계산출 모듈로 구성된다. 성능 평가에 있어 실제 차량의 주행 조건을 고려한 시뮬레이션 환경이 구축되었고, 미리 녹음된 주행 노이즈와 발화자의 목소리를 마이크를 통해 입력하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과 제안하는 플랫폼에서 얻어진 음성인식 결과의 유효성이 입증되었다. 제안한 플랫폼으로 사용자는 음성인식의 자동화와 인식결과의 효율적인 관리 및 통계산출을 함으로서 차량 음성인식기의 평가를 효과적으로 진행할 수 있다. The performance of the speech recognition engine is one of the most critical elements of the in-vehicle speech recognition interface. The objective of this paper is to develop an automated platform for running performance tests on the in-vehicle speech recognition engine. The developed platform comprise of main program, agent program, database management module, and statistical analysis module. A simulation environment for performance tests which mimics the real driving situations was constructed, and it was tested by applying pre-recorded driving noises and a speaker's voice as inputs. As a result, the validity of the results from the speech recognition tests was proved. The users will be able to perform the performance tests for the in-vehicle speech recognition engine effectively through the proposed platform.