gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurological manifestations in children with dengue fever: an Indian perspective (2016)

Ours was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India over a period of one year to study the profile of neurological involvement in paediatric dengue patients. Of 71 laboratory-confirmed cases, 20 (28.17%) had neurological involvement. Common forms observed were acute encephalopathy (40%), encephalitis (30%), pure motor weakness (15%), transverse myelitis (5%), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (5%) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (5%). The dengue IgM antibody could be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of only two patients with encephalitis. Neurological involvement was present in all four patients who died during the study period (two-tailed P value = 0.005).
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Preservation of Photoreceptor Structure and Function in the<i>rd10</i>Mouse through Postnatal Day 30 (2008)

TUDCA is efficacious and safe in preserving vision in the rd10 mouse model of RP when treated between P6 and P30. At P30, a developmental stage at which nearly all rods are absent in the rd10 mouse model of RP, TUDCA treatment preserved rod and cone function and greatly preserved overall photoreceptor numbers.
Positive Regulatory Domain I (PRDM1) and IRF8/PU.1 Counter-regulate MHC Class II Transactivator (CIITA) Expression during Dendritic Cell Maturation (2011)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key mediators of immune function through robust and tightly regulated presentation of antigen in the context of the MHC Class II. MHC Class II expression is controlled by the transactivator CIITA. CIITA expression in conventional DCs is uniquely dependent on an uncharacterized myeloid cell-specific promoter, CIITApI. We now identify in vivo the promoter structure and factors regulating CIITApI. In immature DCs transcription requires binding of PU.1, IRF8, NFκB, and Sp1 to the promoter. PU.1 binds independently at one site and in a required heterodimer with IRF8 at a composite element. DCs from IRF8-null mice have an unoccupied CIITApI promoter that can be rescued by reconstitution with IRF8 in vitro. Furthermore, mutation of either PU.1 site or the IFR8 site inhibits transcriptional activation. In vivo footprinting and chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals that DC maturation induces complete disassociation of the bound activators paralleled by recruitment of PRDM1/Blimp-1 to the promoter. PRDM1 is a transcriptional repressor with essential roles in B cells, T cells, NK cells, and DCs. We show that PRDM1 co-repressors, G9a and HDAC2, are recruited to CIITApI, leading to a loss of histone acetylation and acquisition of histone H3K9 dimethylation and heterochromatin protein 1γ (HP1γ). PRDM1 binding also blocks IRF8-mediated activation dependent on the PU.1/IRF composite element. Together these findings reveal the mechanisms regulating CIITA and, thus, antigen presentation in DCs, demonstrating that PRDM1 and IRF8/PU.1 counter-regulate expression. The activity of PRDM1 in silencing all three cell type-specific CIITA promoters places it as a central regulator of antigen presentation.
Formation of Supermassive Black Holes: Simulations in General Relativity (2004)

There is compelling evidence that supermassive black holes exist. Yet the origin of these objects, or their seeds, is still unknown. We discuss several plausible scenarios for forming the seeds of supermassive black holes. These include the catastrophic collapse of supermassive stars, the collapse of relativistic clusters of collisionless particles or stars, the gravothermal evolution of dense clusters of ordinary stars or stellar-mass compact objects, and the gravothermal evolution of self-interacting dark matter halos. Einstein's equations of general relativity are required to describe key facets of these scenarios, and large-scale numerical simulations are performed to solve them.
Professional Search Engine Optimization with ASP.NET: A Developer's Guide to SEO (2007)

Acknowledgments. Introduction. Chapter 1: You: Programmer and Search Engine Marketer. Chapter 2: A Primer in Basic SEO. Chapter 3: Provocative SE-Friendly URLs. Chapter 4: Content Relocation and HTTP Status Codes. Chapter 5: Duplicate Content. Chapter 6: SE-Friendly HTML and JavaScript. Chapter 7: Web Feeds and Social Bookmarking. Chapter 8: Black Hat SEO. Chapter 9: Sitemaps. Chapter 10: Link Bait. Chapter 11: Cloaking, Geo-Targeting, and IP Delivery. Chapter 12: Foreign Language SEO. Chapter 13: Coping with Technical Issues. Chapter 14: Case Study: Building an E-Commerce Store. Chapter 15: Site Clinic: So You Have a Web Site? Appendix A: Simple Regular Expressions. Glossary. Index.
Genetic and Metabolomic Dissection of the Ergothioneine and Selenoneine Biosynthetic Pathway in the Fission Yeast, S. pombe, and Construction of an Overproduction System (2014)

Ergothioneine is a small, sulfur-containing metabolite (229 Da) synthesized by various species of bacteria and fungi, which can accumulate to millimolar levels in tissues or cells (e.g. erythrocytes) of higher eukaryotes. It is commonly marketed as a dietary supplement due to its proposed protective and antioxidative functions. In this study we report the genes forming the two-step ergothioneine biosynthetic pathway in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We identified the first gene, egt1+ (SPBC1604.01), by sequence homology to previously published genes from Neurospora crassa and Mycobacterium smegmatis. We showed, using metabolomic analysis, that the Δegt1 deletion mutant completely lacked ergothioneine and its precursors (trimethyl histidine/hercynine and hercynylcysteine sulfoxide). Since the second step of ergothioneine biosynthesis has not been characterized in eukaryotes, we examined four putative homologs (Nfs1/SPBC21D10.11c, SPAC11D3.10, SPCC777.03c, and SPBC660.12c) of the corresponding mycobacterial enzyme EgtE. Among deletion mutants of these genes, only one (ΔSPBC660.12c, designated Δegt2) showed a substantial decrease in ergothioneine, accompanied by accumulation of its immediate precursor, hercynylcysteine sulfoxide. Ergothioneine-deficient strains exhibited no phenotypic defects during vegetative growth or quiescence. To effectively study the role of ergothioneine, we constructed an egt1+ overexpression system by replacing its native promoter with the nmt1+ promoter, which is inducible in the absence of thiamine. We employed three versions of the nmt1 promoter with increasing strength of expression and confirmed corresponding accumulations of ergothioneine. We quantified the intracellular concentration of ergothioneine in S. pombe (0.3, 157.4, 41.6, and up to 1606.3 µM in vegetative, nitrogen-starved, glucose-starved, and egt1+-overexpressing cells, respectively) and described its gradual accumulation under long-term quiescence. Finally, we demonstrated that the ergothioneine pathway can also synthesize selenoneine, a selenium-containing derivative of ergothioneine, when the culture medium is supplemented with selenium. We further found that selenoneine biosynthesis involves a novel intermediate compound, hercynylselenocysteine.
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Promote Epidermal Differentiation and Hair Follicle Development (2013)

Proper regulation of keratinocyte differentiation within the epidermis and follicular epithelium is essential for maintenance of epidermal barrier function and hair growth. The signaling intermediates that regulate the morphological and genetic changes associated with epidermal and follicular differentiation remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria are an important regulator of epidermal differentiation by generating mice with a keratinocyte-specific deficiency in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which is required for the transcription of mitochondrial genes encoding electron transport chain subunits. Ablation of TFAM in keratinocytes impaired epidermal differentiation and hair follicle growth and resulted in death 2 weeks after birth. TFAM-deficient keratinocytes failed to generate mitochondria-derived ROS, a deficiency that prevented the transmission of Notch and β-catenin signals essential for epidermal differentiation and hair follicle development, respectively. In vitro keratinocyte differentiation was inhibited in the presence of antioxidants, and the decreased differentiation marker abundance in TFAM-deficient keratinocytes was partly rescued by application of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. These findings indicate that mitochondria-generated ROS are critical mediators of cellular differentiation and tissue morphogenesis.
Use of Capsular Polysaccharide–Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine for Type II Group B<i>Streptococcus</i>in Healthy Women (2000)

An estimated 15% of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) disease is caused by type II capsular polysaccharide (II CPS). In developing a pentavalent vaccine for the prevention of GBS infections, individual GBS CPSs have been coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) to prepare vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity. Type II GBS (GBS II) vaccine was created by direct, covalent coupling of II CPS to TT by reductive amination. In 2 clinical trials, 75 healthy nonpregnant women 18-45 years old were randomized to receive II CPS-TT (II-TT) conjugate (dose range, 3.6-57 microg of CPS component) or uncoupled II CPS vaccine. Both vaccines were well tolerated. II CPS-specific IgG serum concentrations (as well as IgM and IgA) peaked 2 weeks after immunization, being significantly higher in recipients of conjugated vaccine than in recipients of uncoupled CPS. Immunological responses to conjugate were dose dependent and correlated with opsonophagocytosis in vitro. These results support inclusion of II-TT conjugate when preparing a multivalent GBS vaccine.
Recombinant Human Leptin in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (2004)

Leptin administration for the relative leptin deficiency in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea appears to improve reproductive, thyroid, and growth hormone axes and markers of bone formation, suggesting that leptin, a peripheral signal reflecting the adequacy of energy stores, is required for normal reproductive and neuroendocrine function.
Preparation of a Well-Defined Amino-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayer and Copper Microlines on a Polyimide Substrate Covered with an Oxide Nanoskin (2005)

A well-ordered, uniform amino (NH(2))-terminated organosilane self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was prepared on a polyimide (PI) substrate, the surface of which had silica-like reactivity. First, through chemical vapor deposition of 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane and subsequent photooxidation using 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet light, an extremely thin silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) layer about 1 nm thick, which we call an "oxide nanoskin" (ONS), was prepared on a PI substrate. Due to the presence of this ONS layer, the PI surface's properties became almost identical with those of Si covered with native oxide (SiO(2)/Si) without any marked change in surface morphology, as evidenced by zeta-potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Next, this ONS-covered PI (ONS/PI) surface was exposed to vapor of a 12.5 vol % solution of N-(6-aminohexyl)(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (AHAPS) molecules diluted with absolute toluene. On the basis of contact angle analysis, the surface energy of this AHAPS/ONS/PI sample was mostly consistent with that of a SiO(2)/Si substrate covered with an AHAPS-SAM (AHAPS/SiO(2)/Si). On the other hand, the surface energy of an AHAPS-treated PI (AHAPS/PI) substrate was much smaller than that of the AHAPS/ONS/PI substrate due to insufficient surface coverage by the AHAPS molecules. This was also confirmed by lateral force microscopy using photolithographically micropatterned samples. Fabricated micropatterns composed of AHAPS- and SiO(2)-covered regions were clearly imaged on the AHAPS/ONS/PI substrate through their difference in friction, while the friction contrast of the micropatterned AHAPS/PI substrate was unclear. This marked difference in packing density of the AHAPS molecules had a direct influence on the adsorption behavior of palladium colloids and subsequent electroless plating of copper (Cu). As confirmed by AFM and XPS, metallization proceeded only on the AHAPS-covered regions, while the SiO(2)-covered regions remained free of deposits, resulting in the formation of 10-mum-wide Cu microlines on both samples. However, the plating rate achieved on the AHAPS/ONS/PI substrate was about 4.5 times faster than that on the AHAPS/PI substrate and the pattern resolution was considerably fine.
Association analysis of the dopamine D<sub>2</sub>receptor gene in Tourette's syndrome using the haplotype relative risk method (1994)

Comings et al. [1991: JAMA 266: 1793-1800] have recently reported a highly significant association between Tourette's syndrome (TS) and a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) locus. The A1 allele of the DRD2 Taq I RFLP was present in 45% of the Tourette patients compared with 25% of controls. We tried to replicate this finding by using the haplotype relative risk (HRR) method for association analysis. This method overcomes a major problem of conventional case-control studies, where undetected ethnic differences between patients and controls may result in a false-positive finding, by using parental alleles not inherited to the proband as control alleles. Sixty-one nuclear families encompassing an affected child and parents were typed for the DRD2 Taq I polymorphism. No significant differences in DRD2 A1 allele frequency were observed between TS probands, subpopulations of probands classified according to tic severity, or parental control alleles. Our data do not support the hypothesis that the DRD2 locus may act as a modifying gene in the expression of the disorder in TS probands.
Nature and quantity of fuels consumed in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. (1983)

Although alcoholism is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of middle-aged Americans, there are no data available pertaining to the consequences of Laennec's cirrhosis on total body energy requirements or mechanisms for maintaining fuel homeostasis in this patient population. Therefore, we simultaneously used the techniques of indirect calorimetry and tracer analyses of [14C]palmitate to measure the nature and quantity of fuels oxidized by patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic cirrhosis and compared the results with values obtained from health volunteers. Cirrhotic patients were studied after an overnight fast (10-12 h). Normal volunteers were studied after an overnight fast (12 h) or after a longer period of starvation (36-72 h). Total basal metabolic requirements were similar in overnight fasted cirrhotic patients (1.05 +/- 0.06 kcal/min per 1.73 m2), overnight fasted normal subjects (1.00 +/- 0.05 kcal/min per 1.73 m2), and 36-72-h fasted normal volunteers (1.10 +/- 0.06 kcal/min per 1.73 m2). Indirect calorimetry revealed that in cirrhotic patients the percentages of total calories derived from fat (69 +/- 3%), carbohydrate (13 +/- 2%), and protein (17 +/- 4%) were comparable to those found in 36-72-h fasted subjects, but were clearly different from those of overnight fasted normal individuals who derived 40 +/- 6, 39 +/- 4, and 21 +/- 2% from fat, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively. These data are strikingly similar to data obtained through tracer analyses of [14C]palmitate, which showed that in overnight fasted patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 63 +/- 4% of their total CO2 production was derived from oxidation of 287 +/- 28 mumol free fatty acids (FFA)/min per 1.73 m2. In contrast, normal overnight fasted humans derived 34 +/- 6% of their total CO2 production from the oxidation of 147 +/- 25 mumol FFA/min per 1.73 m2. On the other hand, values obtained from the normal volunteers fasted 36-72 h were similar to the overnight fasted cirrhotic patients. These results show that after an overnight fast the caloric requirements of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis are normal, but the nature of fuels oxidized are similar to normal humans undergoing 2-3 d of total starvation. Thus, patients with alcoholic cirrhosis develop the catabolic state of starvation more rapidly than do normal humans. This disturbed but compensated pattern for maintaining fuel homeostasis may be partly responsible for the cachexia observed in some patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. This study also showed remarkably good agreement between the results obtained with indirect calorimetry and those obtained with 14C tracer analyses.
IFC-Based Framework to Move beyond Individual Building Elements toward Configuring a Higher Level of Prefabrication (2012)

Prefabrication is a form of industrialization that transfers some stages of the construction project from fields to an off-site production facility. The most widely used form of prefabrication in construction is the use of prefabricated individual building elements in which a particular part or form is repeated many times. However, the benefits to the construction project may be increased by moving beyond prefabrication of individual building elements toward configuring a higher level of prefabrication. In this paper, an industry foundation class (IFC)–based system is developed to configure groupings of precast elements for a prefabricated building to minimize the total number of components so as to reduce the production, transportation, and installation cost. The framework uses three-dimensional computer-aided design (3D CAD) software that is compatible with IFC. Geometrical and topological relationships of elements are extracted from IFC and modeled as a graph data model (GDM). The system performs analysis on the graph model based on the attributes of the building elements to generate all possible configurations for precasting. Constructability rules are applied to reduce the solutions to feasible configurations. The functionality of the developed framework is verified by considering an illustrative example of a residential building. Results showed that applying the new configurations of precast components can contribute up to 15% reduction in the total cost compared with the traditional elemental approach.
Connected-digit speaker-dependent speech recognition using a neural network with time-delayed connections (1991)

An analog neural network that can be taught to recognize stimulus sequences is used to recognize the digits in connected speech. The circuit computes in the analog domain, using linear circuits for signal filtering and nonlinear circuits for simple decisions, feature extraction, and noise suppression. An analog perceptron learning rule is used to organize the subset of connections used in the circuit that are specific to the chosen vocabulary. Computer simulations of the learning algorithm and circuit demonstrate recognition scores >99 % for a single-speaker connected-digit data base. There is no clock. The circuit is data driven, and there is no necessity for endpoint detection or segmentation of the speech signal during recognition. Training in the presence of noise provides noise immunity up to the trained level. For the speech problem studied, the circuit connections need only be accurate to about 3-b digitization depth for optimum performance. The algorithm used maps efficiently onto analog neutral network hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crónica de un homosexual (1993)

The human nm23-H1 gene product, a putative metastasis suppressor, was identified as nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) A isoform. To investigate the functional effect of nm23-H1's NDPK activity on its suppression of the components of metastatic phenotype, we transfected a human prostate carcinoma cell line, DU145, with the cDNA encoding nm23-H1 mutant protein lacking NDPK activity. The mutant nm23-H1 transfected cell lines displayed decreased invasiveness and colonization in soft agar as the wild-type nm23-H1 transfectants did when compared with the control transfected line. The results suggest that the metastasis suppressing function of nm23-H1 is independent of the NDPK enzymatic activity.
Atmospheric Attenuation Model, 1964, in the Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared Regions for Altitudes to 50 km (1964)

A model of a clear standard atmosphere, for determing attenuation in the ultraviolet, the visible, and the infrared windows, is derived. The derivation is based on a Rayleigh atmosphere combined with aerosol and ozone components. The format of the model is a series of tabulations for 22 wavelengths with Rayleigh, aerosol, and ozone components arrayed at kilometer intervals to an altitude of 50 kilometers. Exploratory calculations pertaining to horizontal, vertical, and slant-path transmission from sea level, transmission between two altitudes and transmission to space are readily made from the tabulations. Because of its more extensive coverage and improved computational programming, this report, including the tabulations, fully replaces the earlier publication, 'A Model of a Clear Standard Atmosphere for Attenuation in the Visible Region and IYNFRARED Windows, ' by this author.
Time–Frequency Distribution Characteristic and Model Simulation of Photovoltaic Series Arc Fault With Power Electronic Equipment (2019)

In the photovoltaic (PV) system, the electrical characterization of series arc faults would be inevitably interfered by power electronic equipment. Existing methods are unable to effectively separate clear arc fault features from these influence factors, forming some unwanted detection barriers. In this paper, series arc fault experiments are conducted in PV systems with different kinds of power electronic equipment first. Having analyzed PV series arc faults through the existing linear transform, arc faults are hard to be identified in the undesired switching frequency band and harmonics because of noise interferences. Through establishment of effectiveness evaluation index, more performance limitations are discovered in lowand high-frequency bands for the bandpass filter effect of the linear transform. Then the arc fault identification in high and switching frequency bands become much easier after the investigation of the bilinear transform with higher time-frequency resolution. However, the performance is not obviously improved in the low-frequency band because of the cross term. Next, arc fault features in low and switching frequency bands would be more obvious through application of the adaptive transform. Besides, performances just have a slight decrease in the high-frequency band. These better time-frequency distributions are of great benefit to improve the detection accuracy and expand the application scope. Finally, the arc fault model is proposed to acquire the simulated data in the PV system with the power electronic equipment. It is found that the power electronic equipment would seriously interfere arc fault behaviors in the low and switching frequency bands.