gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of waveguide-grating routers with minimal insertion-loss over all channels based on coupling between adjacent waveguides (2001)

Summary form only given. We utilize coupling between waveguides near the waveguide-opening region (WOR) where the arrayed-waveguides meet the free-propagation region of the second star-coupler. The coupling scheme used in the design of a waveguide-grating router (WGR) was proposed for the design of an integrated-optic star coupler for the purpose of transferring the input power uniformly to the waveguides of the output ports. Application of the same idea to the design of a WGR has not been completed because a few more parameters in addition to those for the design of a star coupler have not been considered to achieve the desired effect. In this work, we work out the problem based on the above idea for the specific designs of 16-, 32-, and 64-channel WGR's that have nearly ideal loss characteristics over all used channels within one complete span of the free spectral range.
Speech articulatory analysis through time delay neural networks (2002)

The approach described is based on the use of time delay neural networks for solving the task of articulatory estimation from acoustic speech and on image vector quantization as far as the visual synthesis is concerned. Once the system has been trained on a reference speaker, the association of visual cues is performed in real time to each 20 ms of incoming speech. Preliminary results are reported with reference to the ongoing experimentation both with normal hearing people and with deaf persons to estimate some of the many perceptual thresholds involved in the complex task of speech reading from synthetic images. This experimental phase is carried on in cooperation with FIADDA, the Italian association of the families of hearing impaired children, and is based on a flexible simulation environment.
Interactive methods for visualizable geometry (1994)

Interactive computer graphics can provide new insights into the objects of pure geometry, providing intuitively useful images, and, in some cases, unexpected results. Interactive computer graphics systems have opened a new era in the visualization of pure geometry. We demonstrate the fruitful relationship between mathematics and the discipline of computer graphics, emphasizing those areas of low-dimensional geometry and topology where interactive paradigms are of growing importance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards a Reversible BPEL Debugger (2008)

Despite the great momentum gained about the testing, analysis and verification of BPEL process, little attention has paid to the debugging issues, especially about the building of ad hoc debuggers. In this paper, we propose and implement RBDB (reversible BPEL debugger), a specially made reversible debugger for BPEL process. RBDB is built on the abstract debugging APIs to fulfill its functionality. A reversible concurrent debugging model and three strategies to handle different type of external Web services are introduced later. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of experiment data are presented. Evaluation results demonstrate that RBDB can improve users' efficiency significantly and decrease the invoking times of external services substantially.
Inhibition of [<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine incorporation by <i>Mycoplasma arginini</i>‐infected cells due to enzymatic cleavage of the nucleoside (1985)

Culture supernatants contaminated by Mycoplasma arginini inhibit the incorporation of [3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd) by cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell lines. This study presents evidence that the inhibition of uptake of the nucleoside is due to the rapid cleavage of the exogenous [3H]dThd into thymine. Uridine and cytidine as well as dThd are degraded by the mycoplasma-contaminated supernatants, while no cleavage was observed with uninfected supernatants. Cells contaminated by mycoplasma apparently release a pyrimidine-specific nucleosidase, possibly a dThd phosphorylase, which is responsible for the inhibition.
Mechanical and Thermal Dehydrogenation of Lithium Alanate (LiAlH4) and Lithium Amide (LiNH2) Hydride Composites (2012)

Hydrogen storage properties of the (nLiAlH4 + LiNH2) hydride composite where n = 1, 3, 11.5 and 30, synthesized by high energy ball milling have been investigated. The composite with the molar ratio n = 1 releases large quantities of H2 (up to ~5 wt.%) during ball milling up to 100–150 min. The quantity of released H2 rapidly decreases for the molar ratio n = 3 and is not observed for n = 11.5 and 30. The XRD studies indicate that the H2 release is a result of a solid state decomposition of LiAlH4 into (1/3)Li3AlH6 + (2/3)Al + H2 and subsequently decomposition of (1/3)Li3AlH6 into LiH + (1/3)Al + 0.5H2. Apparently, LiAlH4 is profoundly destabilized during ball milling by the presence of a large quantity of LiNH2 (37.7 wt.%) in the n = 1 composite. The rate of dehydrogenation at 100–170 °C (at 1 bar H2) is adversely affected by insufficient microstructural refinement, as observed for the n = 1 composite, which was milled for only 2 min to avoid H2 discharge during milling. XRD studies show that isothermal dehydrogenation of (nLiAlH4 + LiNH2) occurs by the same LiAlH4 decomposition reactions as those found during ball milling. The ball milled n = 1 composite stored under Ar at 80 °C slowly discharges large quantities of H2 approaching 3.5 wt.% after 8 days of storage.
Chemical Diagnosis of Disease. (1981)

Letters to the Editors and no drift in pH was detected over this period.It seems relevant that heparin has been shown to remain stable over a pH range of 2.0 9.0.6Our findings are in agreement with those of others" 7 that heparin is stable in intravenous fluids under clinical con- ditions.Hence the administration of heparin by continuous intravenous infu- sion should not be regarded as a sub- optimal method on this account.
3p21, 5q21, 9p21 and 17p13.1 allelic deletions are potential markers of individuals with a high risk of developing adenocarcinoma in Barrett's epithelium without dysplasia. (2003)

We suggest that LOH at these loci may be present before the onset of the malignant growth and LOH studies may supplement the histopathological evaluation of Barrett's epithelium. LOH at 3p21, 5q21, 9p21 and 17p13 chromosomal regions in cells of Barrett's epithelium without dysplasia may have a role as a potential marker for individuals with a high risk of developing adenocarcinoma.
Association between coronary heart disease and the C3F-gene in essential hypertension. (1978)

The occurrence of the C3F allele was investigated in the following three groups: 69 consecutive referred patients with untreated essential hypertension, including borderline hypertension; 70 patients with established and treated essential hypertension, already attending the same outpatient clinic, and 62 age- and sex-matched normotensive healthy subjects without clinical signs of atherosclerosis or familial predisposition to hypertension. In the three groups the C3F allele was found in 38.2%, 29% and 20%, respectively. Among the treated hypertensive patients with C3F gene, 40% had coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to 6.1% among the C3F negative (P less than 0.005), and the relative risk of CHD among the treated hypertensive patients with this allele was found to be 10.2 (P less than 0.002). The C3F gene was present in 72.7% of the treated patients with CHD. In the untreated patients the occurrence of CHD was low, and no differences between C3F positive and negative patients could be demonstrated. No association of the C3F allele with familial predisposition to hypertension was found. This study provides further evidence of a positive association of the C3F allele with atherosclerosis, and it is concluded that this allele in a hypertensive patient might accelerate the atherosclerotic process, with subsequent premature development of vascular complications.
Defect-free single-crystal Ge island arrays on insulator by rapid-melting-growth combined with seed-positioning technique (2009)

Single-crystal Ge island arrays on SiO2/Si structures are desired to merge advanced Ge devices into Si large scale integrated circuit (LSI). We have developed the rapid-melting-growth process of amorphous Ge by using Ni-imprint-induced Si (111) fine crystals (∼1 μmϕ) as the growth seed. Arrays of (111) oriented single-crystal Ge islands with device size (∼10 μmϕ) are uniformly fabricated on SiO2/Si substrates. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation reveals that Ge islands include no dislocation or stacking fault. This method opens up a possibility to achieve hybrid SiGe-LSI with multifunctions.
On the modelling of a CMOS magnetic sensor (1994)

Magnetic sensors are useful in applications such as magnetic read heads and non-contact current sensors. Ideally, a magnetic sensor should be easily integrated with its peripheral circuits. Experimental results indicate that it is possible to convert a conventional MOS transistor into a magnetic sensor by splitting the drain of the device into two. Such a device is attractive because the device is completely CMOS compatible. Integration of the sensor with electronic circuits can be easily achieved. However to realize such an integration, simulation model compatible with circuit simulators is essential. No such model has been reported. In this paper, we describe the development of a model for this split-drain MOS magnetic sensor which can be easily incorporated into popular circuit simulators such as SPICE. In developing this model, numerical simulations using symbolic mathematical tools are used to gain a physical understanding. The model is applicable for device operating in the linear region, and it is verified against experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores (2012)

Matrix-related pore networks in mudrocks are composed of nanometer- to micrometer-size pores. In shale-gas systems, these pores, along with natural fractures, form the flow-path (permeability) network that allows flow of gas from the mudrock to induced fractures during production. A pore classification consisting of three major matrix-related pore types is presented that can be used to quantify matrix-related pores and relate them to pore networks. Two pore types are associated with the mineral matrix; the third pore type is associated with organic matter (OM). Fracture pores are not controlled by individual matrix particles and are not part of this classification. Pores associated with mineral particles can be subdivided into interparticle (interP) pores that are found between particles and crystals and intraparticle (intraP) pores that are located within particles. Organic-matter pores are intraP pores located within OM. Interparticle mineral pores have a higher probability of being part of an effective pore network than intraP mineral pores because they are more likely to be interconnected. Although they are intraP, OM pores are also likely to be part of an interconnected network because of the interconnectivity of OM particles. In unlithifed near-surface muds, pores consist of interP and intraP pores, and as the muds are buried, they compact and lithify. During the compaction process, a large number of interP and intraP pores are destroyed, especially in ductile grain-rich muds. Compaction can decrease the pore volume up to 88% by several kilometers of burial. At the onset of hydrocarbon thermal maturation, OM pores are created in kerogen. At depth, dissolution of chemically unstable particles can create additional moldic intraP pores.
Experiências latino-americanas de integração (1997)

Aborda, sinteticamente, os processos de integracao da America Latina, as caracteristicas de cada um e suas interrelacoes. Relembra a primeira tentativa de constituicao de um mercado comum, a ALALC, fundada em 1960, que, na etapa inicial, propunha-se a constituicao de uma zona de livre comercio. Em seguida, reporta-se a ALADI, outra organizacao internacional que, em 1980, a sucedeu. Esta, segundo o autor, se propoe a dar prosseguimento ao processo de integracao pela gradual e progressiva constituicao de um mercado comum. Fala-se, entao, nao em zona de livre comercio, mas em zona de preferencia.

Prossegue no tema ate o Mercosul. Chama a atencao para o fato de que, para obter-se sucesso no estabelecimento de um mercado comum, e essencial a unidade das normas que regulam o seu funcionamento e a uniformidade na interpretacao e na aplicacao destas; defende, portanto, a recepcao automatica, pelos ordenamentos juridicos internos dos paises integrantes do Mercosul, das normas supranacionais. Ressalta, como fator positivo para o Mercosul, a rapidez com que este atingiu o estagio no processo de integracao equivalente a zona de livre comercio. No que se refere a segunda etapa, a uniao aduaneira, da noticia de que esta sendo objeto de elaboracao um Codigo Tarifario, e que talvez se tenha nao como hoje uma uniao imperfeita, mas uma uniao tanto quanto possivel completa. Defende a ideia de que o exito do avanco da integracao latino-americana depende da criacao de um Tribunal de Justica, imprescindivel ao controle da legalidade dos atos do Mercosul e a seguranca juridica.
Recent advances in electrochemiluminescence (2015)

The great success of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for in vitro diagnosis (IVD) and its promising potential in light-emitting devices greatly promote recent ECL studies. More than 45% of ECL articles were published after 2010, and the first international meeting on ECL was held in Italy in 2014. This critical review discusses recent vibrant developments in ECL, and highlights novel ECL phenomena, such as wireless ECL devices, bipolar electrode-based ECL, light-emitting electrochemical swimmers, upconversion ECL, ECL resonance energy transfer, thermoresponsive ECL, ECL using shape-controlled nanocrystals, and ECL as an ion-selective electrode photonic reporter, a paper-based microchip, and a self-powered microfluidic ECL platform. We also comment on the latest progress in bioassays, light-emitting devices and, the computational approach for the ECL mechanism study. Finally, perspectives and key challenges in the near future are addressed (198 references).
Essentials of Physiological Chemistry (1953)

Essentials of Physiological Chemistry Get access Essentials of Physiological Chemistry . Anderson Arthur K. . 480 pages, 42 figures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 440 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, N.Y. ( 4th edition, 1953 ) $5.00 . AIBS Bulletin, Volume 3, Issue 5, October 1953, Page 11, https://doi.org/10.1093/aibsbulletin/3.5.11-g Published: 01 October 1953
Connecting Quorum Sensing, c-di-GMP, Pel Polysaccharide, and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through Tyrosine Phosphatase TpbA (PA3885) (2009)

With the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, quorum sensing based on homoserine lactones was found to influence biofilm formation. Here we discern a mechanism by which quorum sensing controls biofilm formation by screening 5850 transposon mutants of P. aeruginosa PA14 for altered biofilm formation. This screen identified the PA3885 mutant, which had 147-fold more biofilm than the wild-type strain. Loss of PA3885 decreased swimming, abolished swarming, and increased attachment, although this did not affect production of rhamnolipids. The PA3885 mutant also had a wrinkly colony phenotype, formed pronounced pellicles, had substantially more aggregation, and had 28-fold more exopolysaccharide production. Expression of PA3885 in trans reduced biofilm formation and abolished aggregation. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that loss of PA3885 activated expression of the pel locus, an operon that encodes for the synthesis of extracellular matrix polysaccharide. Genetic screening identified that loss of PelABDEG and the PA1120 protein (which contains a GGDEF-motif) suppressed the phenotypes of the PA3885 mutant, suggesting that the function of the PA3885 protein is to regulate 3,5-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) concentrations as a phosphatase since c-di-GMP enhances biofilm formation by activating PelD, and c-di-GMP inhibits swarming. Loss of PA3885 protein increased cellular c-di-GMP concentrations; hence, PA3885 protein is a negative regulator of c-di-GMP production. Purified PA3885 protein has phosphatase activity against phosphotyrosine peptides and is translocated to the periplasm. Las-mediated quorum sensing positively regulates expression of the PA3885 gene. These results show that the PA3885 protein responds to AHL signals and likely dephosphorylates PA1120, which leads to reduced c-di-GMP production. This inhibits matrix exopolysaccharide formation, which leads to reduced biofilm formation; hence, we provide a mechanism for quorum sensing control of biofilm formation through the pel locus and suggest PA3885 should be named TpbA for tyrosine phosphatase related to biofilm formation and PA1120 should be TpbB.
Carbon nanotube biosensors: The critical role of the reference electrode (2007)

Carbon nanotube transistors show tremendous potential for electronic detection of biomolecules in solution. However, the nature and magnitude of the sensing signal upon molecular adsorption have so far remained controversial. Here, the authors show that the choice of the reference electrode is critical and resolves much of the previous controversy. The authors eliminate artifacts related to the reference electrode by using a well-defined reference electrode to accurately control the solution potential. Upon addition of bovine serum albumin proteins, the authors measure a transistor threshold shift of −15mV which can be unambiguously attributed to the adsorption of biomolecules in the vicinity of the nanotube.
Detection and reduction of middle frequency resonance for industrial servo (2012)

A novel method for middle frequency resonance detection and reduction is proposed for industrial servo system. Defects of traditional resonance reduction method based on adaptive notch filter in middle frequency range are analyzed and summarized as the difference between the resonance frequency and the oscillation frequency. A self-tuning low-pass filter is introduced in the speed feedback path, whose corner frequency is determined by FFT results and several self-tuning rules. With the proposed method the effective range of the adaptive filter is extended across the middle frequency range. Simulation and Experiment results show that the frequency detection is accurate and resonances during the speed steady states and dynamics are successfully reduced.
Macrocyclic Peptides as Drug Candidates: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges (2019)

Peptides as a therapeutic modality attract much attention due to their synthetic accessibility, high degree of specific binding, and the ability to target protein surfaces traditionally considered "undruggable". Unfortunately, at the same time, other pharmacological properties of a generic peptide, such as metabolic stability and cell permeability, are quite poor, which limits the success of de novo discovered biologically active peptides as drug candidates. Here, we review how macrocyclization as well as the incorporation of nonproteogenic amino acids and various conjugation strategies may be utilized to improve on these characteristics to create better drug candidates. We analyze recent progress and remaining challenges in improving individual pharmacological properties of bioactive peptides, and offer our opinion on interfacing these, often conflicting, considerations, to create balanced drug candidates as a potential way to make further progress in this area.
N-Substituted Guanidinate Anions as Ancillary Ligands in Group 4 Chemistry. Syntheses and Characterization of M{RNC[N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]NR}<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, [M{CyNC[N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]NCy}Cl<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup> (M = Zr, Hf; R = <sup>i</sup>Pr, Cy), and Zr{CyNC[N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]NCy}(CH<sub>2</sub>Ph)<sub>3</sub> (1999)

Addition of N(SiMe3)2 anion equivalents to carbodiimides, RNCNR (R = cyclohexyl, isopropyl), generated tetrasubstituted guanidinates which provided entry to a series of bis- and mono(guanidinate) complexes of Zr and Hf exhibiting the general formulas {RNC[N(SiMe3)2]NR}2MCl2 (R = isopropyl, M = Zr (1), Hf (2); R = cyclohexyl, M = Zr (3), Hf (4) and {CyNC[N(SiMe3)2]NCy}MCl4]- (M = Zr (5), Hf (6)) depending on the metal:ligand ratio used in the reaction. In addition to spectroscopic characterization, definitive evidence for the molecular structures of these products is provided through single-crystal X-ray analyses for 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, which are presented. These results further define the ligand-bonding parameters and provide clear evidence that the planar N(SiMe3)2 functional groups and the MNCN planes have a nearly perpendicular orientation and therefore do not experience significant π overlap. Complex 5 provides an access to the organometallic derivative {CyNC[N(SiMe3)2]NCy}Zr(CH2Ph)3 (7) by reaction with 3 equiv of PhCH2MgCl. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the connectivity of this species and indicated an η2-benzyl group. These results provide the first reported example of an organozirconium complex supported by a guanidinate ligand.
Intravenous Nesiritide, a Natriuretic Peptide, in the Treatment of Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure (2000)

In patients hospitalized with decompensated congestive heart failure, nesiritide improves hemodynamic function and clinical status. Nesiritide is useful for the treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure.
Improved oligosaccharide synthesis by protein engineering of β‐glucosidase CelB from hyperthermophilic <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (2001)

Enzymatic transglycosylation of lactose into oligosaccharides was studied using wild-type beta-glucosidase (CelB) and active site mutants thereof (M424K, F426Y, M424K/F426Y) and wild-type beta-mannosidase (BmnA) of the hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus. The effects of the mutations on kinetics, enzyme activity, and substrate specificity were determined. The oligosaccharide synthesis was carried out in aqueous solution at 95 degrees C at different lactose concentrations and pH values. The results showed enhanced synthetic properties of the CelB mutant enzymes. An exchange of one phenylalanine to tyrosine (F426Y) increased the oligosaccharide yield (45%) compared with the wild-type CelB (40%). Incorporation of a positively charged group in the active site (M424K) increased the pH optimum of transglycosylation reaction of CelB. The double mutant, M424K/F426Y, showed much better transglycosylation properties at low (10-20%) lactose concentrations compared to the wild-type. At a lactose concentration of 10%, the oligosaccharide yield for the mutant was 40% compared to 18% for the wild-type. At optimal reaction conditions, a higher ratio of tetrasaccharides to trisaccharides was obtained with the double mutant (0.42, 10% lactose) compared to the wild-type (0.19, 70% lactose). At a lactose concentration as low as 10%, only trisaccharides were synthesized by CelB wild-type. The beta-mannosidase BmnA from P. furiosus showed both beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity and in the transglycosylation of lactose the maximal oligosaccharide yield of BmnA was 44%. The oligosaccharide yields obtained in this study are high compared to those reported with other transglycosylating beta-glycosidases in oligosaccharide synthesis from lactose.