gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drag coefficients and pressure drops for hydrodynamically suspended spheres in a vertical tube with and without polymer addition (1973)

Abstract The pressure drops associated with the suspension velocities for single, hydrodynamically suspended spheres were measured for a range of steel spheres in a 5.3 cm diameter vertical glass tube. Nineteen different sphere to tube diameter ratios (d/D) were investigated ranging from 0.191 to 0.967. Three different liquid media were used: pure water, and two polyacrylamide solutions of concentration 25 wppm and 50 wppm of Reten 423. In the range 0 < (d/D) < 0.7 polymer addition increased the drag coefficient. For d/D > 0.7 the drag coefficient was not affected. The available data for air, water and polymer solution were correlated with an equation explicit in pressure drop, and the agreement between theory and experiment was found to be excellent.
The Genetics of Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives (2018)

Genetic biomarkers to identify patients with higher risk of treatment-resistant depression or to guide treatment in these patients are not available yet. Methodological improvements of future studies could lead to the identification of genetic biomarkers with clinical validity.
THE METALATION OF TOLUENE BY POTASSIUM AND SODIUM<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE METALATION OF TOLUENE BY POTASSIUM AND SODIUM1CHESTER E. CLAFF JR. and AVERY A. MORTONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 4, 440–442Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01122a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01122a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ESTABLISHING OPTIMAL RESPONSE STRATEGIES USING REAL-TIME CURRENT OBSERVATIONS: A LOCAL, COOPERATIVE APPROACH1 (1995)

ABSTRACT With the mandates of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 requiring stockpiles of mechanical recovery equipment, an effective baseline response strategy was needed for the U. S. Coast Guard Houston/Galveston Captain of the Port Zone. A small group of federal, state, and industry volunteers established a study team to set baseline response and equipment deployment strategies based on local tide and current data. Procedures consisted of strategically positioning a series of buoys within a known area of concern and tracking the buoys with a hand-held global positioning system unit. Patterns and trends were established, tested in a field deployment exercise, and shared with members of the oil spill response community. The study resulted in the following observations:Federal-state-industry cooperation in response planning is essential.A pragmatic methodology is best suited for determining tidal and current trends and the potential effect on response equipment deployment strategies.
Efficient UBIST implementation for microprocessor sequencing parts (2002)

An improved self-checking solution for the sequencing part of the MC 68000 microprocessor is presented. Compared with previous self-checking schemes for this microprocessor, the present scheme makes its possible to reduce the overhead and simplifies the implementation of both functional circuits, and checkers. The unified BIST (built-in self-test) method is applied to this scheme. This method uses a merging of self-checking and BIST techniques and allows a high fault coverage for all tests needed for integrated circuits, e.g., offline test (design verification, manufacturing, and maintenance test) and online concurrent error detection. An area overhead of about 27% is required, which is quite satisfactory in comparison with previous results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
La réflexion linguistique et la personne, au Japon (1994)

Garnier Catherine. La réflexion linguistique et la personne, au Japon. In: Faits de langues, n°3, Mars 1994. La personne. pp. 29-36.
Weather Data Mining Using Independent Component Analysis (2004)

In this article, we apply the independent component analysis technique for mining spatio-temporal data. The technique has been applied to mine for patterns in weather data using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as a specific example. We find that the strongest independent components match the observed synoptic weather patterns corresponding to the NAO. We also validate our results by matching the independent component activities with the NAO index.
Identification of Residues Outside the Two Binding Sites That Are Critical for Activation of the Lactogenic Activity of Human Growth Hormone (2003)

Human growth hormone (hGH) binds lactogenic or somatotrophic receptors, creating active heterotrimeric complexes. Comparison of hGH structures, either free or bound to a single lactogenic or somatotrophic receptor, shows binding is associated with structural changes. Changes in hGH structure are unique when binding either lactogenic or somatotrophic receptors and they influence the spatial arrangement of residues constituting the second receptor-binding site. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a contiguous set of largely hydrophobic residues that forms a motif communicating between the two receptor-binding sites of hGH. The residues are external to the receptor-binding epitopes and were identified when their mutation reduced site 2 function without changing site 1 function. The motif includes Phe44, Leu93, Tyr160, Leu163, and Tyr164, located in two hydrophobic clusters between the receptor-binding sites. Their mutation to Glu disrupts hydrophobic interactions and reduces lactogenic activity between 4.7- and 85-fold with little effect on somatotrophic activity or spectroscopic properties. These differential effects indicate that loss of lactogenic activity is not a result of global mis-folding. We propose the loss of lactogenic activity results from disruption of specific hydrophobic clusters that disables the site 1 binding-induced structuring of the second receptor-binding site.
Androgen replacement therapy improves function in male rat muscles independently of hypertrophy and activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway (2008)

Physiological doses of androgens are beneficial to muscle performance in orchidectomized rats without relationship to muscle and fibre hypertrophy and activation of the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Taken together our data clearly indicate that the activity of androgens on muscle and bone could participate in the global improvement of musculoskeletal status in the context of androgen deprivation induced by ageing.
Stationary phases for silver ion chromatography of lipids: Preparation and properties (2003)

Abstract Procedures for the preparation of stationary phases for several silver ion chromatographic techniques have been surveyed. Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), conventional (normal pressure) column chromatography, solid phase extraction (SPE), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in silver ion mode have been considered. The utilization of these stationary phases for the analysis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols has been demonstrated.
Carbon Nanotube/Aluminum Composites As a Novel Field Electron Emitter (2006)

We have succeeded in homogeneously dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into an aluminum (Al) matrix by a novel elastomer precursor method. In thus prepared composite, the disentangled MWNTs were tightly bound to the Al matrix via oxygen-mediated AlN interfacial layer. The morphology of the composite surface was controlled by different polishing procedures and their field electron emission characteristics were investigated using a mesh-gate triode-type device. The MWNT/Al plate with well-rugged surface emitted electrons over a threshold electric field of 3 V/µm. The current density of 1 mA/cm2 was obtained at 6 V/µm and the luminance reached 400 cd/m2 under operation at 8 V/µm.
SIMPLE METHODS SOLVE EXCHANGER PROBLEMS (1998)

Simple field measurements can reveal exchanger-operating problems. Understanding the process, the equipment, and how they interact is important for successful troubleshooting. Even without level bridles, field personnel can identify levels in exchangers. Two case histories present simple solutions to condenser problems. The first case reviews an unnoticed operating problem with a naphtha-stabilizer condenser. The second is a problem with the steam side of a reboiler on a depropanizer. Reboiler heat input was not being properly controlled with a condensate-flow valve. Both case histories show that heat transfer system performance depends upon consideration of the auxiliary equipment as well as the exchanger design.
Communications using chaos≫MINUS. III. Performance bounds for correlation receivers (2000)

For pt. II, see ibid., vol. 45, p. 1129-40 (1998). In a digital communications system, data is transmitted from one location to another by mapping bit sequences to symbols, and symbols to sample functions of analog waveforms. The analog waveform passes through a bandlimited (possibly time-varying) analog channel, where the signal is distorted and noise is added. In a typical conventional system, the analog sample functions sent through the channel are weighted sums of one or more sinusoids, called basis functions; in a chaotic communications system, the sample functions are segments of chaotic waveforms. This three-part paper shows in a tutorial manner how the theory of conventional telecommunications systems can be applied to chaotic modulation schemes. In addition, it discusses the latest results in the field of chaotic communications. In Part III, examples are given of chaotic communications schemes with and without synchronization, and the performance of correlator-based systems is evaluated in the context of noisy, bandlimited channels.
Innovative linear compressor by magnetic drive and control (2011)

The mathematical model for the Magnetically Levitated Linear Compressor (MLLC), which consists of a Magnetic Linear Actuator (MLA), a pair of Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) and a drive rod, is developed. To prevent any potential wear or collision by the drive rod against conventional bearings and certainly reduce noise, the AMB pair is employed to regulate the lateral position deviation of the drive rod. The Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is synthesized to account for state-dependent system parameters and input nonlinearities for the MLLC system. At last, the efficacy of the ISMC is verified by intensive computer simulations to ensure its superior regulation capability for lateral position deviation on the drive rod, retention of constant stroke of the piston and counterbalance against the reaction force by gas during Otto cycle.
The Role of Bisphosphonates for the Treatment of Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma (1998)

Palliative therapy is often a major objective for clinicians while treating advanced cancer. This is particularly true in multiple myeloma (MM), where bone involvement markedly influences the quality of life of patients. Bisphosphonates (BP) are a new class of drugs regulating bone turnover, which exert their activity mainly by inhibiting osteoclast bone resorption. Three BP (etidronate, ETD; clodronate, CDN; pamidronate, PMD) have so far been investigated in the clinical setting for treating bone disease in patients with MM. The results of these trials, including our own experience, are reviewed here. Although all three BP were effective in lowering hypercalcemia of MM patients, PMD, a second generation BP, clearly had the most substantial long term clinical benefits regarding bony complications, pain and quality of life. CDN also showed some activity in reducing the development of new lytic lesions, while no significant beneficial effect was seen in patients using ETD. Interestingly, some studies have reported an improved survival in subsets of MM patients receiving BP and this is in agreement with recent evidence of possible direct anti-neoplastic activities of these drugs mediated through reduction of IL-6 production and stimulation of neoplastic cell apoptosis.
Centrifugal gravity-induced BMP4 induces chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells via SOX9 upregulation (2016)

Chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs can be induced by optimized CG (2400 g for 30 min). Expression of SOX9 is upregulated by CG via increased expression of BMP4. CG has a similar ability to induce SOX9 expression as TGF-β1.
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2003)

CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) infection is a common worldwide problem. The infection may progress to cirrhosis with the subsequent development of complications such as ascites, encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, early detection and therapy is of great importance. There has been substantial progress in understanding various aspects of HCV infection, including the virology, epidemiology, natural history of chronic infection, and medical therapy. The objective of this article is to provide relevant clinical information regarding the contemporary approach to patients with chronic HCV infection.
Polarized Electronic Absorption Spectrum of Amides with Assignments of Transitions<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarized Electronic Absorption Spectrum of Amides with Assignments of Transitions1Don L. Peterson and William T. SimpsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 10, 2375–2382Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01567a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01567a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Painless lumbar surgery: morphine nerve paste. (1996)

The intraoperative application of morphine as a nerve paste to the exposed dura and nerve roots in lumbar cases provides immediate, dramatic, and long-term relief in postoperative pain. Fifty-four patients with intractable sciatica due to ruptured discs or lumbar stenosis were treated. After decompression of the involved nerve root(s), a paste composed of Avitene, Depo-medrol, Amicar, and Duramorph is applied to the local epidural space. No catheter is required. The Duramorph does not need to be replenished. The use of the nerve paste reduces hospital stay to a minimum, reduces the stress of surgery, and has not produced undesirable side-effects.
Tropfenbildung (1997)

Abstract Die Wirkungsweise von Rasensprengern, Parfumzerstäubern oder Tintenstrahldruckern beruht auf der Oberflächenspannung. Diese führt dazu, daß sich ein Flüssigkeitsstrahl unter Verringerung der Oberfläche einschnürt und Tropfen bildet. In der Nähe des singulären Punktes, in dem sich ein Tropfen abtrennt, gelten selbstähnliche Lösungen der zugrundeliegenden Gleichungen, die unabhängig von den Anfangsbedingungen und der Art der Flüssigkeit sind.
The long-acting integrase inhibitor GSK744 protects macaques from repeated intravaginal SHIV challenge (2015)

Daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with Truvada is a proven HIV prevention strategy; however, its effectiveness is limited by low adherence. Antiretroviral drug formulations that require infrequent dosing may increase adherence and thus PrEP effectiveness. We investigated whether monthly injections of a long-acting formulation of the HIV integrase inhibitor GSK1265744 (GSK744 LA) prevented simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection by vaginal challenge in macaques. Female pigtail macaques (n = 12) were exposed to intravaginal inoculations of SHIV twice a week for up to 11 weeks. Half of the animals received a GSK744 LA injection every 4 weeks, and half received placebo. GSK744 LA, at plasma concentrations achievable with quarterly injections in humans, protected all six macaques from infection. Placebo controls were all infected after a median of 4 (range, 2 to 20) vaginal challenges with SHIV. Efficacy was related to high and sustained vaginal and plasma drug concentrations that remained above the protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration during the dosing cycles. These data support advancement of GSK744 LA as a potential PrEP candidate for women.
Automated quantification of color Doppler signals: a preliminary study in breast tumors. (1995)

Automatic CD quantification improved differential diagnosis of breast masses.
Design and Functional Testing of a Multichamber Perfusion Platform for Three‐Dimensional Scaffolds (2013)

Perfusion culture systems are widely used in tissue engineering applications for enhancing cell culture viability in the core of three-dimensional scaffolds. In this work, we present a multichamber confined-flow perfusion system, designed to provide a straightforward platform for three-dimensional dynamic cell cultures. The device comprises 6 culture chambers allowing independent and simultaneous experiments in controlled conditions. Each chamber consists of three parts: a housing, a deformable scaffold-holder cartridge, and a 7 mL reservoir, which couples water-tightly with the housing compressing the cartridge. Short-term dynamic cell seeding experiments were carried out with MC3T3-E1 cells seeded into polycaprolactone porous scaffolds. Preliminary results revealed that the application of flow perfusion through the scaffold favored the penetration of the cells to its interior, producing a more homogeneous distribution of cells with respect to dropwise or injection seeding methods. The culture chamber layout was conceived with the aim of simplifying the user operations under laminar flow hood and minimizing the risks for contamination during handling and operation. Furthermore, a compact size, a small number of components, and the use of bayonet couplings ensured a simple, fast, and sterility-promoting assembling. Finally, preliminary in vitro tests proved the efficacy of the system in enhancing cell seeding efficiency, opening the way for further studies addressing long-term scaffold colonization.
Creativity in MS/OR: Creative Thinking, A Basis for MS/OR Problem Solving (1991)

Gene Woolsey and others have taught us that mathematics and models are not always necessary to solve important problems in MS/OR. Often, the best solutions are novel and unusual—that is, they are creative. In teaching undergraduates, I found that learning the principles of creative thinking helped students to address unstructured cases and to apply the traditional operations research problem-solving techniques. I also find these principles helpful in explaining, understanding, and enhancing what I do in teaching, research, and consulting. In these columns, I plan to discuss many principles of creative thinking, methods for becoming more creative, and ways to enhance problem-solving skills. I invite you to submit your examples, comments, and perspectives on creativity.
Hormones and diet, but not body weight, control hypothalamic microglial activity (2013)

The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus plays a key role in sensing metabolic feedback and regulating energy homeostasis. Recent studies revealed activation of microglia in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO), suggesting a potential pathophysiological role for inflammatory processes within the hypothalamus. To further investigate the metabolic causes and molecular underpinnings of such glial activation, we analyzed the microglial activity in wild-type (WT), monogenic obese ob/ob (leptin deficient), db/db (leptin-receptor mutation), and Type-4 melanocortin receptor knockout (MC4R KO) mice on either a HFD or on standardized chow (SC) diet. Following HFD exposure, we observed a significant increase in the total number of ARC microglia, immunoreactivity of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (iba1-ir), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68-ir), and ramification of microglial processes. The ob/ob mice had significantly less iba1-ir and ramifications. Leptin replacement rescued these phenomena. The db/db mice had similar iba1-ir comparable with WT mice but had significantly lower CD68-ir and more ramifications than WT mice. After 2 weeks of HFD, ob/ob mice showed an increase of iba1-ir, and db/db mice showed increase of CD68-ir. Obese MC4R KO mice fed a SC diet had comparable iba1-ir and CD68-ir with WT mice but had significantly more ramifications than WT mice. Intriguingly, treatment of DIO mice with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reduced microglial activation independent of body weight. Our results show that diet type, adipokines, and gut signals, but not body weight, affect the presence and activity levels of hypothalamic microglia in obesity.
Israel Oriental Studies. I. pp. [v], 315. Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University, 1971. (1975)

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