gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatially-explicit models of global tree density (2016)

Abstract Remote sensing and geographic analysis of woody vegetation provide means of evaluating the distribution of natural resources, patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem structure, and socio-economic drivers of resource utilization. While these methods bring geographic datasets with global coverage into our day-to-day analytic spheres, many of the studies that rely on these strategies do not capitalize on the extensive collection of existing field data. We present the methods and maps associated with the first spatially-explicit models of global tree density, which relied on over 420,000 forest inventory field plots from around the world. This research is the result of a collaborative effort engaging over 20 scientists and institutions, and capitalizes on an array of analytical strategies. Our spatial data products offer precise estimates of the number of trees at global and biome scales, but should not be used for local-level estimation. At larger scales, these datasets can contribute valuable insight into resource management, ecological modelling efforts, and the quantification of ecosystem services.
<b>Traction Diesel Engine Anomaly Detection Using Vibration Analysis in Octave Bands</b> (2016)

Traction machines are essential parts for a train to run. Therefore, a condition monitoring system (CMS) is being developed, that detects machine failure in the early stages to prevent traffic disruption. The CMS observes the vibrations of a machine and detects abnormal vibrations with a machine learning algorithm. In the CMS, octave-band analysis is performed to extract feature vectors from vibration data. Running tests were conducted to verify the performance of the CMS. Test results showed that simulated abnormal vibrations were clearly distinguishable from normal ones with the CMS.
Twin concordance for a binary trait. II. Nested analysis of ever-smoking and ex-smoking traits and unnested analysis of a "committed-smoking" trait. (1985)

Twin concordance rates for a binary trait can provide information about causes of trait variation. However, if trait prevalence varies with age (or birth cohort) or between the sexes, trait concordance rates will be artificially inflated because of the matching within pairs of twins. Our previous paper showed how to minimize the effects of such confounding by using logistic regression to model trait prevalence as a function of age and sex and that the binary correlation coefficient was useful as a measure of concordance that can be adjusted for trait prevalence. This method is extended here to allow for nested analyses and is applied to the smoking habits of a sample of 3,807 pairs of adult twins. For monozygotic (MZ) twins, the correlation coefficients for the binary trait of "ever-smoking" (males: .50 +/- .04; females: .60 +/- .02) were significantly greater than for dizygotic (DZ) twins (males: .37 +/- .05; females: .31 +/- .04; unlike-sex pairs: .21 +/- .03). For "giving-up smoking," given that both twins were previously smokers, the correlations for MZ twins (males: .37 +/- .07; females: .29 +/- .05) were also greater than for DZ twins (males: .11 +/- .09; females: .26 +/- .08; unlike-sex pairs: .13 +/- .06), although the difference was not statistically significant for females. Current smokers who had been smoking for at least 10 years were arbitrarily defined as "committed-smokers." The binary trait of "committed-smoking" was more strongly correlated in MZ twins (males: .41 +/- .06; females: .41 +/- .04) than in DZ twins (males: .22 +/- .08; females: .18 +/- .05; unlike-sex pairs: .16 +/- .05). These observations suggest that as well as depending on socially determined environmental factors, smoking behavior is influenced by genetic factors and/or by environmental factors unique to the MZ twin environment, which are of particular importance as determinants of "committed-smoking." There is a need for further research to investigate the personal characteristics of "committed-smokers" and to seek intervention strategies that are more suited to the needs of individual smokers.
The DnaA inhibitor SirA acts in the same pathway as Soj (ParA) to facilitate <i>oriC</i> segregation during <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> sporulation (2016)

DNA replication and chromosome segregation must be carefully regulated to ensure reproductive success. During Bacillus subtilis sporulation, chromosome copy number is reduced to two, and cells divide asymmetrically to produce the future spore (forespore) compartment. For successful sporulation, oriC must be captured in the forespore. New rounds of DNA replication are prevented in part by SirA, a protein that utilizes residues in its N-terminus to directly target Domain I of the bacterial initiator, DnaA. Using a quantitative forespore chromosome organization assay, we show that SirA also acts in the same pathway as another DnaA regulator, Soj, to promote oriC capture in the forespore. By analyzing loss-of-function variants of both SirA and DnaA, we observe that SirA's ability to inhibit DNA replication can be genetically separated from its role in oriC capture. In addition, we identify substitutions near the C-terminus of SirA and in DnaA Domain III that enhance interaction between the two proteins. One such variant, SirA<sub>P141T</sub> , remained functional in regard to inhibiting replication, but was unable to support oriC capture. Collectively, our results support a model in which SirA targets DnaA Domain I to inhibit DNA replication, and DnaA Domain III to facilitate Soj-dependent oriC capture in the forespore.
Working with Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials (2011)

Set up and manage your own efficient, low-cost networkGet up and running quickly with Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentialsand learn how to use this network solution to organize and help protect your business data. This hands-on guide provides extensive walkthroughs and tips to help you successfully deploy, manage, and support your company's network and applications. All you need is minimal IT knowledge. Discover how to:Plan your network infrastructure as your first, critical step Configure and maintain the network to help protect your data Create user accounts and connect client computers Manage shared server folders and set up permissions Install network printers and determine how theyre shared Inspect your networks health with Performance Monitor Provide security-enhanced remote access via the web or a VPN Troubleshoot problems and be prepared in the event of a system failure
Angiopoietin/Tie2 Pathway Influences Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension (2006)

The Ang1/Tie2 pathway is potentiated in iPAH, contributing to PA-SMC hyperplasia via increased stimulation of endothelium-derived growth factors synthesis by P-ECs.
Transmission Characteristics Monitoring by Digital Signal Processing in Coherent Receiver (2018)

Transmission characteristics monitoring is one of the fundamental functions for the next generation, flexible, dynamic and autonomous network. Several monitor algorithms based on digital signal processing in coherent receiver are reviewed in this paper.
Resistivity probing of multi-layered tissue phantoms using microelectrodes (2004)

We present the use of an array of rectangular microelectrodes to discriminate between different resistivities in a thin, layered sample. Each electrode was 8 mm long and 200 nm thick. The electrode widths ranged from 20 to 500 microm. The electrodes were designed such that all pairs of consecutive electrodes had the same relative geometry, and therefore identical cell constants. A hydrogel-based tissue phantom, made by photopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), was developed. By changing the hydrogel composition and the ionic strength of the storage medium, the resistivity of the hydrogels could be tuned between 100 omegam and 100 komegam. Using bipolar measurements, the tissue phantoms were characterized in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 30 MHz. The relative resistivity distribution of a three-layered structure composed of 120 microm sheets could be calculated and was shown to agree to within 7% of the bulk measurements. Potential clinical applications for this technique include probing of epithelial tissue and skin cancer screening.
The mechanical efficiency of natural materials (2004)

The materials of nature, for example cellulose, lignin, keratin, chitin, collagen and hydroxyapatite, and the structures made from them, for example bamboo, wood, antler and bone, have a remarkable range of mechanical properties. These can be compared by presenting them as material property charts, well known for the materials of engineering. Material indices (significant combinations of properties) can be plotted on to the charts, identifying materials with extreme values of an index, suggesting that they have evolved to carry particular modes of loading, or to sustain large tensile or flexural deformations, without failure. This paper describes a major revision and update of a set of property charts for natural material published some 8 years ago by Ashby et al. with examples of their use to study mechanical efficiency in nature.
MEMS-based electrochemical gas sensors and wafer-level methods (2015)

This thesis describes novel microel ectromechanical system (MEMS) based electrochemical gas sensors and methods of fabrication. This thesis presents the research in two parts. In the first part, a method to handle a thin silicon wafer using an electrochemically active adhesive is described. Handling of a thin silicon wafer is an important issue in 3D-IC manufacturing where through silicon vias (TSVs) is an enabling technology. Thin silicon wafers are flexible and fragile, therefore difficult to handle. In addressing the need for a reliable solution, a method based on an electrochemically active adhesive was developed. In this method, an electrochemically active adhesive was diluted and spin coated on a 100 mm diameter silicon wafer (carrier wafer) on which another silicon wafer (device wafer) was bonded. Device wafer was subjected to post processing fabrication technique such as wafer thinning. Successful debonding of the device wafer was achieved by applying a voltage between the two wafers. In another part of the research, a fabrication process for developing a functional nanoporous material using atomic layer deposition is presented. In order to realize a nanoporous electrode, a nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate was used, which was functionalized with very thin layers (~ 10 nm) of platinum (Pt) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) using atomic layer deposition. Nanoporous material when used as an electrode delivers high sensitivity due to the inherent high surface area and is potentially applicable in fuel cells and in electrochemical sensing. The second part of the thesis addresses the need for a high performance gas sensor that is applicable for asthma monitoring. Asthma is a disease related to the inflammation in the airways of the lungs and is characterized by the presence of nitric oxide gas in the exhaled breath. The gas concentration of above approximately 50 parts-per-billion indicates a likely presence of asthma. A MEMS based electrochemical gas sensor was successfully designed and developed to meet the stringent requirements needed for asthma detection. Furthermore, to enable a hand held asthma measuring instrument, a miniaturized sensor with integrated electrodes and liquid electrolyte was developed. The electrodes were assembled at a wafer-level to demonstrate the feasibility towards a high volume fabrication of the gas sensors. In addition, the designed amperometric gas sensor was successfully tested for hydrogen sulphide concentration, which is a bio marker for bad breath.
A concatenative speech synthesis method using context dependent phoneme sequences with variable length as search units. (2004)

This paper proposes a new concatenative speech synthesis method using context dependent phoneme sequences with variable length as search units. Using Japanese broadcast news programs as a speech database, we synthesize Japanese news sentences that are not included in that speech database and perform subjective evaluations of the synthesized speech. As a result, (1) 77 % of speech synthesized by the proposed method was preferred to that by the conventional method, (2) speech synthesis runtime was reduced to one-tenth that of the conventional method, (3) the mean opinion score (MOS) was 3.94 in a fivepoint MOS test, and 37 % of synthesized speech had the same naturalness as natural speech, and (4) speech synthesis runtime was only slightly increased despite the larger speech database. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. 1.
Constitutive activation of MAPK/ERK inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation through upregulation of BRCA2 (2007)

BRCA2 is central to an utterly diverse biological behavior elicited after integrin-mediated normal and prostate cancer cell adhesion to basement membrane (BM) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Unlike normal cells, adhesive stimuli in cancer cells activate PI 3-kinase/AKT signaling resulting in BRCA2 degradation and unchecked cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the precise mechanisms involved in normal BRCA2 homeostasis are unknown. We investigated ERK and AKT phosphorylation in normal (PNT1A) and cancer (PC-3) prostate cells after adhesion to ECM and the effects upon BRCA2 and cell proliferation. PNT1A cell adhesion to ECM triggered MAPK/ERK signaling resulting in upregulation of BRCA2 mRNA and protein, with negligible effects upon cell proliferation. Disruption of MAPK/ERK with PD98059 prevented any BRCA2 upregulation inhibiting DNA synthesis below basal levels. PC-3 cells exhibited a defective MAPK/ERK pathway that was unresponsive to adhesion to the ECM, which instead triggered PI 3-kinase/AKT signaling leading to BRCA2 protein depletion and cell proliferation. Reconstitution of MAPK/ERK by recombinant expression of a constitutively active form of MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) effectively reversed the neoplastic phenotype by increasing BRCA2 expression and preventing any aberrant cell proliferation at rest and upon interaction with ECM proteins. Our results suggest that aberrant loss of MAPK/ERK activity in prostate cancer may play a pivotal role in the malignant phenotype, and provide evidence that interventions aimed at bypassing the signaling block are able to effectively reverse neoplastic unchecked cell proliferation.
HERO: Online Real-Time Vehicle Tracking (2008)

Intelligent transportation systems have become increasingly important for the public transportation in Shanghai. In response, ShanghaiGrid (SG) project aims to provide abundant intelligent transportation services to improve the traffic condition. A challenging service in SG is to accurately locate the positions of moving vehicles in real time. In this paper, we present an innovative scheme, hierarchical exponential region organization (HERO), to tackle this problem. In SG, the location information of individual vehicles is actively logged in local nodes which are distributed throughout the city. For each vehicle, HERO dynamically maintains an advantageous hierarchy on the overlay network of local nodes to conservatively update the location information only in nearby nodes. By bounding the maximum number of hops the query is routed, HERO guarantees to meet the real-time constraint associated with each vehicle. A small-scale prototype system implementation and extensive simulations based on the real road network and trace data of vehicle movements from Shanghai demonstrate the efficacy of HERO.
Recovery of heavy metals from high salinity geothermal brine. Open file report (final) 29 Sep 78-28 Oct 80 (1980)

Large quantities of high salinity geothermal brine from the Salton Sea Geothermal Area, CA., contain significant amounts of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn. A simple method of treating large volumes of spent brine is required to economically recover the valuable nonferrous metals. Results from a 2-year laboratory investigation of sulfide precipitation are discussed, including the condition for achieving maximum precipitation of the valuable heavy metals while minimizing precipitation of Fe and Mn, which have little economic value. In the first year, the study was initiated and guided by computer thermodynamic modeling. The second year has been devoted to the operation and optimization of the sulfidation process at a continuous bench scale.
GMPLS Segment Recovery (2007)

This document describes protocol specific procedures for GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) RSVP-TE (Resource ReserVation Protocol -Traffic Engineering) signaling extensions to support label switched path (LSP) segment protection and restoration.These extensions are intended to complement and be consistent with the RSVP-TE Extensions for End-to-End GMPLS Recovery (RFC 4872).Implications and interactions with fast reroute are also addressed.This document also updates the handling of NOTIFY_REQUEST objects.
TRANSPLANTATION (1993)

ROBERTS, JOHN P.; LAKE, JOHN R.; HEBERT, MARY; NIKOLAI, BEV; ASCHER, NANCY L.; FERRELL, LINDA D. Author Information
Prevention of Attachment of Phosphorylcholine to a Major Excretory-Secretory Product of Acanthocheilonema viteae Using Tunicamycin (1996)

ES-62, a major excretory-secretory (ES) product of Acanthocheilonema viteae, consists of a protein backbone with N-linked carbohydrate and the immunomodulatory group phosphorylcholine (PC); it can, therefore, be biosynthetically labeled with radioactive leucine, glucosamine, or choline. Incubation of worms with tunicamycin results in an ES product whose secretion is partially blocked, which demonstrates reduced molecular weight when employing leucine as radiolabel, and which lacks radioactivity when employing glucosamine or choline as label. Furthermore, the retained ES product can be detected in somatic extracts of parasites exposed to tunicamycin, by its reactivity for antibodies against the whole parasite product but not by antibodies against PC alone. These results support the idea that PC is attached to ES-62 via an N-linked glycan and hence are consistent with the recent observation that PC can be removed from ES-62 by the sugar-cleaving enzyme, N-glycosidase F. The implications of this structural information with respect to designing inhibitors of PC attachment for use as chemotherapeutic agents, and also the advantage of such material in raising antibodies to filarial ES, are discussed.
Parsing graphs representing two dimensional figures (2003)

Generalized two dimensional context free grammars an extension of context free grammars to two dimensions, is described. This extension is a generalization of Tomita's two dimensional context free grammars (M. Tomita, 1989), and better fits into the families of graph grammars described by Crimi (1990) Relation Grammars and by Flasinski (1988) edNLC Grammars, Figure Grammars are particularly useful for applications such as handwritten mathematical expressions. A two dimensional extension of the Cocke-Kasami-Younger parser for context-free languages is used to parse figures using these grammars.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slc13a5/mINDY inhibition prevents diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice and rats (2016)

Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a world-wide health concern and risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases. Citrate uptake modifies intracellular hepatic energy metabolism and is controlled by the conserved sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5, mINDY). Genetic deletion in mice protected from diet-induced adiposity and insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of inducible and/or liver-specific inactivation of mINDY in two independent rodent models. We hypothesized that hepatic mINDY inhibition can prevent the development of fatty liver and hepatic insulin resistance.
Serological diagnosis of brucellosis. (2010)

A large number of serological tests for brucellosis have been devised over the 100+ years since its initial isolation, starting with a simple agglutination test and progressing to sophisticated primary binding assays available today. However, no test devised to date is 100% accurate so generally serological diagnosis consists of testing sera by several tests, usually a screening test of high sensitivity, followed by a confirmatory test of high specificity.
Comparison of European Isolates of Viruses causing Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome by a Neutralization Test (1991)

Different virus isolates causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were compared using a neutralization test. Patient convalescent sera and antisera prepared in rabbits were used to compare Puumala-related Hantavirus isolates from Finland, Sweden, Belgium, and the USSR. The majority of European isolates were indistinguishable from each other using both homologous rabbit antisera and patient convalescent sera. The European isolates of HFRS were also compared with prototype Hantaan (the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever). The one-way cross-reaction between the Hantaan and Puumala viruses, previously described using human convalescent sera tested by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, was also seen by the neutralization test.
2D write addressability of tunneling junction MRAM elements (2001)

In magnetic tunneling junction MRAM devices, write addressing of each individual memory element is accomplished by using an x-y grid of word lines, which generate easy and hard axis fields. We present a systematic micromagnetic modeling study of switching behavior with both easy and hard axis fields for memory elements with ends tapered into various angles and at different aspect ratios. The write margin and addressability are discussed.
5-Hydroxyuracil can form stable base pairs with all four bases in a DNA duplex (2004)

NMR studies, UV-monitored melting experiments, and ab initio calculations show that 5-hydroxyuracil, produced by the oxidative de-amination of cytosines by reactive oxygen species, can form stable base-pairs with dA, dG, dC and dT residues in a DNA duplex, providing a basis for the in-vivo incorporation of 5-hydroxyuracil during DNA replication.
Microfabrication of a two-stage BioMEMS microfluidic cell sorter (2009)

Point-of-care devices represent the future for medical technologies. Current diagnostic tools are cumbersome, expensive, complicated, and often at risk for contamination. There is a need for cost effective, portable, closed-system, high-speed cell screening and cell isolating device. A microfabricated, exponentially-staging, BioMEMS microfluidic cytometer/cell sorting device offers these advantages over current technologies. A two-stage branched architecture allows the study of inter-particle spacing, flow relations, pressure measurements, and cell behavior in an environment where fluorescence detection is used to identify and analyze certain cellular characteristics. This device was microfabricated using the polymer PDMS to transmit light effectively, to be inexpensive and disposable, and to be easy to manipulate. For initial prototyping, an inverted fluorescent Nikon microscope provided the necessary excitation to view the particles and cells. For the portable device, avalanche photo diodes (APDs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) are being incorporated into the device for the detection and excitation respectively. For low light level applications, sigma-delta modulation methods are being applied to reduce noise susceptibility and to detect the APD signal more efficiently. In addition, a data acquisition system (DAQ) has been designed that can effectively track signals from a cell sorter using a digital signal processing (DSP) board and a laptop computer. Currently elastomeric valves for diverting flow have been incorporated into the microfluidic chip. Measurements are being made of the effects of the microfluidics valve structures, or the simple opening and closing of selected channels to divert flow and cells down specific channels depending on their measured properties.