gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SNN Input Parameters: How Are They Related? (2013)

Nowadays, organizations are facing several challenges when they try to analyze generated data with the aim of extracting useful information. This analytical capacity needs to be enhanced with tools capable of dealing with big data sets without making the analytical process a difficult task. Clustering is usually used, as this technique does not require any prior knowledge about the data. However, clustering algorithms usually require one or more input parameters that influence the clustering process and the results that can be obtained. This work analyses the relation between the three input parameters of the SNN (Shared Nearest Neighbor) algorithm and proposes specific guidelines for the identification of the appropriate input parameters that optimizes the processing time.
Clinical approach to childhood mediastinal tumors and management (2020)

Abstract: Mediastinal tumours are not uncommon in paediatric population and often pose a diagnostic challenge. They include a variety of entities including developmental, inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic; most are malignant. These lesions can be classified based on imaging according to the specific compartment (anterior, middle and posterior), generating a focused differential diagnosis. This combined with a rational, clinically oriented approach based on patient’s history, focused physical examination, age, gender, symptoms, signs, anatomic localization, imaging characteristics and laboratory investigations including tumor markers paves way to a presumptive diagnosis guiding additional and prudent investigations. For example, a suspicion of lymphoma should be kept in a child presenting with a neck mass and superior vena cava syndrome. Neuroblastoma should be suspected among children younger than 5 years old with a posterior mediastinal mass. Such a structured approach along with histopathology will lead to an exact diagnosis. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of most benign and malignant non-lymphoid tumours. For optimal management, a combined modality of treatment incorporating chemotherapy and radiotherapy is often required in malignant tumours and is associated with high survival rates in these patients. In the present article, we review the approach to evaluation of mediastinal masses in childhood from a clinical perspective.
Fully monolithically integrated 40-Gbit/s transmitter and receiver (2002)

40-Gbit/s ETDM transmitter and receiver, both with a 10-Gbit/s interface have been developed. All ICs used in the transmitter and receiver are integrated monolithically by using InP HBTs and SiGe HBTs.
The social impact of a national information superhighway (1995)

article The social impact of a national information superhighway Share on Author: Ben Armstrong The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria, Australia The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCAS Computers and SocietyVolume 25Issue 3Sept. 1995 pp 10–14https://doi.org/10.1145/211973.211982Online:01 September 1995Publication History 1citation222DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads222Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Ultrasound Triggered Tumor Oxygenation with Oxygen-Shuttle Nanoperfluorocarbon to Overcome Hypoxia-Associated Resistance in Cancer Therapies (2016)

Tumor hypoxia is known to be one of critical reasons that limit the efficacy of cancer therapies, particularly photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiotherapy (RT) in which oxygen is needed in the process of cancer cell destruction. Herein, taking advantages of the great biocompatibility and high oxygen dissolving ability of perfluorocarbon (PFC), we develop an innovative strategy to modulate the tumor hypoxic microenvironment using nano-PFC as an oxygen shuttle for ultrasound triggered tumor-specific delivery of oxygen. In our experiment, nanodroplets of PFC stabilized by albumin are intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice under hyperoxic breathing. With a low-power clinically adapted ultrasound transducer applied on their tumor, PFC nanodroplets that adsorb oxygen in the lung would rapidly release oxygen in the tumor under ultrasound stimulation, and then circulate back into the lung for reoxygenation. Such repeated cycles would result in dramatically enhanced tumor oxygenation and thus remarkably improved therapeutic outcomes in both PDT and RT treatment of tumors. Importantly, our strategy may be applied for different types of tumor models. Hence, this work presents a simple strategy to promote tumor oxygenation with great efficiency using agents and instruments readily available in the clinic, so as to overcome the hypoxia-associated resistance in cancer treatment.
A method for registration of 3-D shapes (1992)

The authors describe a general-purpose, representation-independent method for the accurate and computationally efficient registration of 3-D shapes including free-form curves and surfaces. The method handles the full six degrees of freedom and is based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, which requires only a procedure to find the closest point on a geometric entity to a given point. The ICP algorithm always converges monotonically to the nearest local minimum of a mean-square distance metric, and the rate of convergence is rapid during the first few iterations. Therefore, given an adequate set of initial rotations and translations for a particular class of objects with a certain level of 'shape complexity', one can globally minimize the mean-square distance metric over all six degrees of freedom by testing each initial registration. One important application of this method is to register sensed data from unfixtured rigid objects with an ideal geometric model, prior to shape inspection. Experimental results show the capabilities of the registration algorithm on point sets, curves, and surfaces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RoboADS: Anomaly Detection Against Sensor and Actuator Misbehaviors in Mobile Robots (2018)

Mobile robots such as unmanned vehicles integrate heterogeneous capabilities in sensing, computation, and control. They are representative cyber-physical systems where the cyberspace and the physical world are strongly coupled. However, the safety of mobile robots is significantly threatened by cyber/physical attacks and software/hardware failures. These threats can thwart normal robot operations and cause robot misbehaviors. In this paper, we propose a novel anomaly detection system, which leverages physical dynamics of mobile robots to detect misbehaviors in sensors and actuators. We explore issues raised in real-world implementations, e.g., distinctive robot dynamic models, sensor quantity and quality, decision parameters, etc., for practicality purposes. We implement the detection system on two types of mobile robots and evaluate the detection performance against various misbehavior scenarios, including signal interference, sensor spoofing, logic bomb and physical jamming. The experiments show detection effectiveness and small detection delays.
OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN MARINE EUKARYOTIC ALGAE: THE ROLE OF INORGANIC IONS, QUATERNARY AMMONIUM, TERTIARY SULPHONIUM AND CARBOHYDRATE SOLUTES (1987)

The effects of steady state salinities (150 to 700 mol m<sup>-3</sup> NaCl) on the growth rates and intracellular solutes of the prasinophyte algae Tetraselmis chui Butcher and Prasinocladus Kuckuck and the prymnesiophyte algae, Prymnesium parvum Carter and Ruttnera spectabilis Geitler, are described. Maximum growth rates were reached in media approximating to the NaCl concentration of oceanic waters (about 500 mol m<sup>-3</sup> ). The following intracellular organic solutes paralleled the increases of external salinity: the tertiary sulphonium compound β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) in T. chui, Prasinocladus, P. parvum and R. spectabilis; the polyhydric alcohol, mannitol, in T. chui, Prasinocladus and R. spectabilis; the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), glycine betaine and homarine, in T. chui and Prasinocladus. QACs were not detected in P. parvum and R. spectabilis. An unknown polyol, which may be the cyclitol, 1,4/2,5 cyclohexanetetrol, was synthesized by P. parvum and R. spectabilis and in addition P. parvum contained significant concentrations of glucose. Sucrose was not detected in the algal extracts. Proline was an insignificant osmoticum in all the algae. Increases of the media NaCl concentration led to the uptake and accumulation of K<sup>+</sup> in T. chui and Prasinocladus, with smaller increases of Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> . The intracellular K<sup>+</sup> concentrations in the prasinophyte algae were about five times greater than those of Na<sup>+</sup> . The inorganic cations Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> , and their accompanying anions, and the organic solutes found could largely account for the osmotic balance of T. chui and Prasinocladus. The inorganic ions in P. parvum and R. spectabilis were not determined.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE DIMETHYL SULPHIDE PRECURSOR IN MALT (1979)

The heat-labile dimethyl sulphide (DMS) precursor in green malt has been isolated using ion exchange chromatography and gel-filtration under mild conditions. The final preparation had ∼0.7 mol potential DMS per mol amino groups. Thin layer chromatography of this preparation, and the gel-filtration behaviour of both crude and purified preparations, showed that the precursor had identical properties to S-methylmethionine (SMM). The DMS precursor in a continental lager malt was also examined. The malt had been kilned under conditions which were expected to lead to a significant content of ‘active’ DMS precursor (reported to be metabolized to free DMS by suitable yeast strains, and contrasting with the ‘inactive’ green malt precursor). The DMS precursor in an extract of this kilned malt had the same elution volume on Sephadex G15 as SMM. There was no evidence for any difference from the DMS precursor in green malt. It is concluded that SMM is the only heat-labile DMS precursor in malt.
Successful treatment of resistant hypertension with percutaneous renal denervation therapy (2012)

A 76-year-old male subject with a long standing history of hypertension was referred to the cardiology clinic for poorly controlled high blood pressure despite good drug compliance (figure 1A). He had multiple cardiovascular comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease and hyperlipidaemia. His antihypertensive regimen constituted of a thiazide …
PP.11.17 (2015)

Objective: High sodium intake is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of hypertension, especially in obesity. The present study is designed to investigate whether angiotensin type-2 receptor (AT2R) activation with selective agonist C21 prevents high-sodium diet (HSD)-induced hypertension in obese animals. Design and method: Male obese rats were treated with AT2R agonist C21 (1 mg/kg/day, oral) while maintained on either normal-sodium diet (NSD, 0.4%) or HSD (4%) for 2-weeks. Radio-telemetric recording of blood pressure was performed during 2-weeks of treatment followed by measuring renal urinary sodiuma and biochemical measurements in the isolated kidney. Results: Radio-telemetric recording showed a time dependent increase in systolic blood pressure in HSD-fed obese rats, being maximal increase (∼27 mmHg) at day 12 of the HSD regimen. C21 treatment completely prevented the increase in blood pressure of HSD-fed rats. Compared to NSD controls, HSD-fed obese rats had greater natriuresis/diuresis and urinary levels of nitrates, and these parameters were further increased by C21 treatment. HSD-fed rats expressed higher level of cortical AngII, which was reduced to 50% by C21 treatment. HSD feeding and/or C21 treatment had no effects on cortical renin activity and the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme and chymase, which are AngII producing enzymes. However, Ang(1–7) concentration and ACE2 activity in the renal cortex were reduced by HSD feeding, and C21 treatment rescued both the parameters. Also, C21 treatment reduced the cortical expression of AT1R in HSD-fed rats, but had no effect of AT2R expression. Conclusions: We conclude that chronic treatment with the AT2R agonist C21 prevents salt-sensitive hypertension in obese rats, and a reduction in the renal AngII/AT1R and enhanced ACE2/Ang(1–7) levels may play a potential role in this phenomenon.
Low Temperature Flow Properties of Engine Oils (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Laboratory engine pumpability studies indicate that engines known to have been involved in field failures during the winter of 1980–81 are not unduly severe. Oils having satisfactory MRV performance but poor Cycle C stable pour points can lead to pumping failures using realistic sixteen hour temperature cycles. Modified MRV tests show promise of correlation with engine performance. Commercial oils with suspect properties were still available early in the winter of 1981–82.</div>
High concentrations of cellulosic ethanol achieved by fed batch semi simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of waste-paper (2013)

A fundamental goal of second generation ethanol production is to increase the ethanol concentration to 10% (v/v) or more to optimise distillation costs. Semi simultaneous saccharification and fermentations (SSSF) were conducted at small pilot scale (5L) utilising fed-batch additions of solid shredded copier paper substrate. Early addition of Accellerase® 1500 at 16 FPU/g substrate and 30 U/g β-glucosidase followed by substrate only batch addition allowed low final equivalent enzyme concentrations to be achieved (3.7 FPU/g substrate) whilst maintaining digestion. Batch addition resulted in a cumulative substrate concentration equivalent to 65% (w/v). This in turn resulted in the production of high concentrations of ethanol (11.6% v/v). The success of this strategy relied on the capacity of the bioreactor to perform high shear mixing as required. Further research into the timing and number of substrate additions could lead to further improvement in overall yields from the 65.5% attained.
Lymphocyte Function Associated Antigen-1, Integrin α4, and L-Selectin Mediate T-Cell Homing to the Pancreas in the Model of Adoptive Transfer of Diabetes in NOD Mice (1996)

The involvement of adhesion molecule in the process of T-cell homing to the pancreas was investigated in the model of the T-cell transfer of type I diabetes in NOD mice. Treatment of mice using monoclonal anti-lymphocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1, anti-integrin alpha 4, anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and anti-L-selectin antibodies (monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]) gave rise to a partial or complete prevention of diabetes via different mechanisms of protection. On day 20 posttransfer, diabetes was only observed in control mice (26 of 32) and in few mice treated with the anti-L-selectin mAbs (3 of 24). On day 60, the best protection was observed using the anti-LFA-1 or the anti-integrin alpha 4 mAbs with 3 of 11 and 2 of 5 diabetic mice, respectively. On day 20, no insulitis was observed in the pancreases of mice treated with these mAbs compared with the pancreases of controls, suggesting that such treatment blocked the penetration of T-cells into the islets. In vitro adhesion assays confirmed that adhesion of T-cells to the pancreatic endothelium was blocked, except when using the anti-L-selectin mAb, which induced a modification of the traffic of the transferred T-cells; the ability of T-cells to migrate into the pancreatic lymph nodes was significantly reduced (10.4 vs. 22%). Anti-LFA-1 mAbs did not modify such T-cell trafficking. The present study, therefore, elucidates the role of LFA-1, integrin alpha 4, and L-selectin in T-cell homing to the pancreas, first step of the cascade of events leading to type I diabetes.
A prospective study on the natural course of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and the presence of HPV16 E2‐, E6‐ and E7‐specific T‐cell responses (2009)

This study investigates the clinical course of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), HPV status and HPV16-specific immune response in a large prospective study of 125 women with LSIL followed cytologically, virologically and histologically. Women with low-grade abnormal smears were recruited and followed-up for one year. Colposcopy, cervical biopsy for histology and brushings for HPV typing was performed at recruitment, 6 months (no biopsy) and upon completion of the study at one year. HPV16-specific T-cell responses were analysed by interferon-gamma ELISPOT at entry, 6 and 12 months. Infection with multiple HPV types was detected in 70% of all patients, HPV16 was found in 42% of the patients. LSIL lesions progressed to HSIL in 24%, persisted in 60% and regressed to normal in 16% of the patients. No difference was observed in the clearance rate of infections with single or multiple HPV types among the groups with a different histological outcome. HPV16-specific type 1 T-cell responses were detected in only half of the patients with an HPV16+ LSIL, and predominantly reactive to HPV16 E2 and E6. Interestingly, the presence of HPV16 E2-specific T-cell responses correlated with absence of progression of HPV16+ lesions (p = 0.005) while the detection of HPV16 E6 specific reactivity was associated with persistence (p = 0.05). This large prospective study showed that the majority of LSIL persisted or progressed within the first year.This was paralleled by immune failure as most of the patients with an HPV16+ LSIL failed to react to peptides of HPV16 E2, E6 or E7.
Origin and Uses of the Faraday Rotation in Magnetic Crystals (1968)

Light transmitted by a magnetic crystal interacts with the magnetization. In particular, the axis of linear polarization undergoes a rotation proportional to the fractional projection of M on the direction of propagation. This magneto-optical rotation, the Faraday rotation in magnetic materials, has been studied for many years. The advent of insulating magnetic materials has led to renewed interest of two sorts: (1) The rotational dispersion coupled with that of the absorption coefficient in some cases makes possible the spectroscopic assignment of optical transitions which show magnetic effects. Thus we may use the rotation to extract information on the magnetic behavior of energy levels well above the ground state. (2) Any experimental or technological use of the rotation makes it necessary to take into account the attendant absorption of light. Some insulating magnetic materials have very high values of the rotation per unit attenuation. The magneto-optical rotation may then be used to ``see'' both dc (domain structure) and rf (magnetostatic spin waves) magnetization distributions within the crystal. Furthermore, the low rotation attenuation is crucial in a number of magneto-optical devices: rotators, wide-band modulators, phase shifters, memories, the YIG laser, etc.
Inhibition of Autoxidation by Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers and Their Derivatives. (1994)

The kinetics of radical trapping ability of a parent hindered amine light stabilizer (_??_NH) (ADK Stab LA-77), its N-methylamine (_??_NCH3), hydroxylamine (_??_NOH) and nitroxide (_??_NO) was investigated. The former three substrates can scavenge peroxy radicals, but the rate constants at 50°C are rather low (_??_NH: 5.1×10M-1•s-1, _??_NCH3: 2.6×102M-1•s-1, and _??_NOH: 5.1×102M-1•s-1 respectively), resulting in possible neglect of such ability compared with that of a typical phenolic antioxidant (ca. 1×104M-1•s-1). The nitroxide, on the other hand, trapped alkyl radicals at significant rapid rate (1.2×109M-1•s-1): the reaction is likely controlled by diffusion, and competes with oxygen, in terms of reaction with alkyl radicals.
Reduced parts single-phase series-parallel UPS systems with active filter capabilities (2003)

Three different topologies of single-phase series-parallel uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are discussed in this paper. The first topology is a conventional four-leg system. The two other topologies consist of two or three legs instead of four legs. All three systems have the effective capability of line current conditioning as well as load voltage regulation. Control methods and analysis of all three systems for different functions and operating modes are discussed. Simulation and experimental results are also presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Epidermal growth factor receptor activity mediates renal cyst formation in polycystic kidney disease. (1998)

A consistent phenotype observed in both human patients and several different mouse models of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is an increased activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the affected kidneys. To determine whether this increased activity of the EGFR is a functional event that is directly part of the disease pathway of renal cyst formation, we used a genetic approach to introduce a mutant EGFR with decreased tyrosine kinase activity into a murine model of ARPKD. We found that the modified form of the EGFR could block the increase in EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase activity that normally accompanies the development of renal cysts, and this correlated with an improvement in kidney function and a substantial decrease in cyst formation in the collecting ducts. These results suggest that changes in the expression of the EGFR contribute to the formation of cysts in the collecting ducts, and that drugs that target the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGFR may potentially be therapeutic in ARPKD.
A Novel Iterative Decision-Directed Differential Detection Technique for Differential OFDM Systems (2009)

We propose a novel iterative decision-directed differential detection (iD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems employing differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation in each subcarrier, such as the Eureka 147 digital audio/multimedia broadcasting (DAB/DMB) system. The iD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> technique improves the differential detection performance in fast fading channels by estimating and compensating the time-domain channel phase variation (CPV). Computer simulations show that significant performance improvement is achieved by using iD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> over conventional differential detection (CDD), and the maximum Doppler spread, at which the OFDM receiver can achieve satisfactory reception, is greatly extended. Taking the DAB/DMB system operating in mode IV at L-band as an example, iD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> increases the maximum receiver vehicle speed from 95 kilometers per hour (km/h) to 190 km/h, in a typical urban (TU) channel environment.
<i>N</i> -Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Other Risk Markers for the Separate Prediction of Mortality and Subsequent Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Unstable Coronary Artery Disease (2003)

The use of NT-proBNP appears to add critical prognostic insight to the assessment of patients with ACS.