gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-&#945;) Treatment Strategies in Crohns Disease (2007)

Crohn's disease is a complex multifactorial disorder characterized by the alternation of a cytokine-driven T-lymphocyte-depending inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, and "off" periods, where patients are completely asymptomatic. Although all the causative factors have not been clearly identified, the continuously growing understanding of the major abnormalities of the inflammatory and immune response leading to the often debilitating symptoms reported by Crohn's disease patients, improves our capacity to characterize new potential therapeutic targets with the subsequent hope to discover new (more efficient and less toxic) drugs. Saying that, in the recent years, tumor necrosis factor-alpha undoubtedly emerges as a key cytokine involved in Crohn's disease pathogenesis, and constant efforts have been made to control tumor necrosis factor-alpha deleterious effects in Crohn's disease. This review schematically summarizes the current understanding of tumor necrosis factor-alpha's role in Crohn's disease pathogenesis as well as the present and the future treatment strategies which may be helpful in patients by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and effects. Beside drugs under investigation, several original approaches are described or mentioned, most of them leading to recent patents such as polyclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies from avian origin, allowing potentially oral administration, or combination strategies such as vitamin D and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies or methotrexate and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies, or decoy oligodeoxynucleotides interfering with the binding of nuclear factor-kappaB to its target genes promoters.
Data Integration and Machine Learning (2018)

There is now more data to analyze than ever before. As data volume and variety have increased, so have the ties between machine learning and data integration become stronger. For machine learning to be effective, one must utilize data from the greatest possible variety of sources; and this is why data integration plays a key role. At the same time machine learning is driving automation in data integration, resulting in overall reduction of integration costs and improved accuracy. This tutorial focuses on three aspects of the synergistic relationship between data integration and machine learning: (1) we survey how state-of-the-art data integration solutions rely on machine learning-based approaches for accurate results and effective human-in-the-loop pipelines, (2) we review how end-to-end machine learning applications rely on data integration to identify accurate, clean, and relevant data for their analytics exercises, and (3) we discuss open research challenges and opportunities that span across data integration and machine learning.
Discrimination of optical sources by use of adaptive blind source separation theory (1999)

Optical systems based on rotating reticles were invented to determine the polar coordinates of a primarily IR optical source. Such systems fail when several optical sources are present in their field of view simultaneously. It is demonstrated experimentally that this drawback can be overcome by the application of a blind-signal-separation algorithm on the output signals of a modified optical system. The separation of the modified optical system responses into independent components yields modulating functions that carry information concerning the polar coordinates of the corresponding single optical sources.
Stability and Optimal Control of the Packet Switching Broadcast Channel (1977)

article Free AccessStability and Optimal Control of the Packet Switching Broadcast Channel Authors: Guy Fayolle Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, IRIA-Laboria, Domaine de Voluceau, 78150 Rocquencourt, France Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, IRIA-Laboria, Domaine de Voluceau, 78150 Rocquencourt, FranceView Profile , Erol Gelenbe Université de Paris-Nord, Paris, France Université de Paris-Nord, Paris, FranceView Profile , Jacques Labetoulle Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, IRIA-Laboria, Domaine de Voluceau, 78150 Rocquencourt, France Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, IRIA-Laboria, Domaine de Voluceau, 78150 Rocquencourt, FranceView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 24Issue 3July 1977 pp 375–386https://doi.org/10.1145/322017.322019Published:01 July 1977Publication History 167citation880DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations167Total Downloads880Last 12 Months33Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mobile Network Analysis Using Probabilistic Connectivity Matrices (2007)

Researchers use random graph models to analyze complex networks that have no centralized control such as the Internet, peer-to-peer systems, and mobile ad hoc networks. These models explain phenomena like phase changes, clustering, and scaling. It is necessary to understand these phenomena when designing systems where exact node configurations cannot be known in advance. This paper presents a method for analyzing random graph models that combine discrete mathematics and probability theory. A graph connectivity matrix is constructed where each matrix element is the Bernoulli probability that an edge exists between two given nodes. We show how to construct these matrices for many graph classes, and use linear algebra to analyze the connectivity matrix. We present an application that uses this approach to analyze network cluster self-organization for sensor network security. We conclude by discussing the use of these concepts in mobile systems design.
Electrically induced interactions between colloidal particles in the vicinity of a conducting plane (2002)

We address the problem of two-dimensional (2D) colloidal aggregation driven by an ac electrical field, by observing an aqueous dispersion of latex microspheres in contact with a conducting surface. Using micron-sized carboxylated polystyrene particles, we have systematically investigated the aggregation process, as a function of particle size and charge, and of the applied electric field amplitude and frequency. A low-density 2D phase is observed at high frequency (typically above 1 kHz), while at low frequency (below a "contact frequency" nu(c)) the collection of particles collapses into disconnected compact aggregates of crystalline (hexagonal) structure. We argue that this scenario is governed by the competition between an attractive force, of electrohydrodynamic nature, and a repulsive force, basically an electrical dipole-dipole interaction. Both contributions are revealed and analyzed in independent experiments on isolated particle pairs, using optical manipulation and dynamometry.
Effects of Be and Si on disordering of the AlAs/GaAs superlattice (1985)

Effects of Be doping and the interaction of Be and Si on the disordering of 15-nm AlAs/15-nm GaAs superlattices were studied. Be doping of more than 4×1019 cm−3 causes the intermixing of Al and Ga during epitaxial growth and the effect of Be surface accumulation is observed at the growth temperature of 540 °C, while after incorporation of Be in the crystal the annealing of 750 °C, 2 h does not cause any remarkable change in the superlattice structure. Be doping in the Si-doped superlattice shows remarkable suppression of the disordering of superlattice when the Be doping level exceeds that of Si.
Mediation of N-(4-hydoxyphenyl)retinamide-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells by different mechanisms. (1999)

The induction of apoptosis by the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) has been documented in vitro in various cancer types. A role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induced by 4HPR in some cancer cells has been demonstrated recently. We studied five different human head and neck and five lung cancer cell lines to determine whether the ROS play a general role in 4HPR-induced apoptosis. We found that 4HPR induced apoptosis in all of the cell lines; however, this effect was blocked by antioxidants in only 2 of the 10 cell lines. 4HPR induced a greater than 4-fold increase in the generation of intracellular ROS in these two cell lines compared with a much lower effect in other cell lines. Furthermore, these two cell lines were most sensitive to the induction of apoptosis by 4HPR. The level of the cellular antioxidant thiol and superoxide dismutase activity were relatively lower in cells, which responded to 4HPR with a high level of ROS generation. These results indicate that although ROS can mediate 4HPR-induced apoptosis in some cells, which may have a low endogenous cellular antioxidant levels, other mechanisms exist for 4HPR-induced apoptosis. One such mechanism may involve retinoic acid receptors (RARs) because an RAR antagonist was able to block partially 4HPR-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, 4HPR-induced apoptosis involves at least three different mechanisms, which are complex and can overlap in the same cell line: (a) one mechanism involving 4HPR-induced ROS; (b) one involving RARs; and (c) at least one that does not involve ROS or RARs and remains unclear.
Advanced FinFET CMOS Technology: TiN-Gate, Fin-Height Control and Asymmetric Gate Insulator Thickness 4T-FinFETs (2006)

We have successfully developed the advanced FinFET fabrication processes for materializing FinFET CMOS circuits. Using the developed technologies, we demonstrate the advanced TiN metal gate, fin-height controlled FinFET CMOS inverter with an excellent transfer performance, and the flexible threshold voltage, asymmetric gate insulator thickness four-terminal (4T) FinFET with a greatly improved subthreshold (S) slope, for the first time.
How does working capital management affect the profitability of Vietnamese small- and medium-sized enterprises? (2017)

Purpose Well-designed and implemented working capital management (WCM) will encourage positive returns for a business and establish the firm’s value, while ineffective management will undoubtedly lead to failure of the enterprise. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In business, fixed capital and working capital are the two main forms of capital used. The current assets used in the business as working capital for day-to-day operations include raw materials, work in progress, finished goods, bills receivable, cash and bank balance. This paper analyses the relationship between WCM and profitability in Vietnamese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) after integration into the global economy. Findings The results suggest that SME owner-managers can increase their firm’s profitability by reducing the number of days of accounts receivable, accounts inventories and accounts payable to an optimal minimum. In addition, a robustness check of this study indicates that high profitability will be achieved, with an optimal level of working capital investment in accounts inventories, accounts receivable and accounts payable. Originality/value No work of this sort has been applied to Vietnamese circumstances. It is also rare in SE Asia more generally.
An electron microscopic technique for the study of elastic tissue in small arteries and arterioles of the kidney. (1977)

Elastic tissue content and distribution were studied by electron microscopy of small arteries and arterioles of kidneys obtained from normotensive Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats, normal dogs and patients with hypertension and glomerular diseases. Specificity and sensitivity of silver tetraphenyl porphyrin sulfonate stain are discussed. This specific electron microscopy technique should prove useful in analysis of elastic tissue in pathologic states of other organs, especially where elastic tissue normally appears to be sparse or absent.
Instrument for measuring torsional creep and recovery Patent (1966)

Measuring shear-creep compliance of solid and liquid materials used in spacecraft components
Water dilutable secondary stabilisers in suspension polymerisation of vinyl chloride monomer (1999)

One of the continuing trends in the development of superior quality suspension poly(vinyl chloride) (sPVC) resin has been the need to impart higher grain porosity, facilitating improved vinyl chloride monomer removal and faster, more uniform, plasticiser uptake. To achieve this, PVC producers have adopted the use of specific secondary suspending agents, traditionally in the form of low hydrolysis, low molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc).It is well known that low hydrolysis PVAc is insoluble in water, and as such must be supplied as alcohol or alcohol rich solutions, typically in methanol. The use of methanol presents safety and environmental hazards relating to its particular toxicity and flammability. These concerns led to the development, during the 1980s, of water based secondary suspending agents, with a low methanol content, typically at 55% hydrolysis. These partially hydrolysed PVAcs remained for a long time the optimum hydrolysis at which a stable, aqueous product could be supplied, while imparting good PVC grain porosity. Nevertheless, in certain sPVC formulations, aqueous based 55% hydrolysed secondary suspending agents were failing to achieve the same high porosity levels as the solvent based systems, which typically had hydrolysis levels below 50%.The recent development of a lower hydrolysis, water soluble, fully dilutable grade, named Alcotex WD30, has provided an ideal solution, giving all the advantages of both secondary systems. This has been achieved by the ionic modification of the polymer, imparting superior water solubility, and allowing the production of a stable, aqueous partially hydrolysed PVAc at less than 50% hydrolysis. It has been demonstrated, using experimental design software, that such a water based, modified secondary, of 45–50%hydrolysis, is anoptimum product for producing high porosity PVC, with an acceptable grain size, in conjunction with a 72·5% hydrolysed PVAc as the primary suspending agent. The actual molecular weight of the polymer, or the degree of ionic modification required to aid the solubility of the polymer in water, has a negligible effect on the PVC properties.
Inductance Calculations Working Formulas and Tables (1964)

This authoritative compilation of formulas and tables simplifies the design of inductors for electrical engineers. It features a single simple formula for virtually every type of inductor, together with tables from which essential numerical factors may be interpolated. Although compiled in the 1940s, before calculators and computers, this book provides fundamental equations that professionals and practitioners can use to produce algorithms for computer programs and spreadsheets.Starting with a survey of general principles, it explains circuits with straight filaments; parallel elements of equa
Combining Attribute-Based and Access Systems (2009)

In this work, we design a balanced access control system,where a robust system becomes flexible to meet its users'needs. On one hand, the system administrator sets system wide policies that all users must comply with. Policies are integrated into private keys of users, setting an access structure over attributes (resources) they can access. On the other hand, users are able to set their own access structure over system policies for documents they generate in the system. Users are in control of who and under what conditions can access their documents. This way, a system administrator can help users set their own access control policies while both users' privacy and system's security are preserved. Our system is based on two attribute-based encryption schemes: KP-ABE and CP-ABE. The former puts access policies into decryption keys, and the latter combines access policies with ciphertexts. In our work, we show how these two separate systems can be efficiently combined into a flexible, yet robust access control system.
High-Speed Holographic Data Storage at 500 Gbits/in.<sup>2</sup> (2006)

A holographic system is presented, along with experimental results that demonstrate data densities of 500 Gbits/in. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a write user rate of 23 Mbytes/sec and a read user rate of 13 Mbytes/sec.
Purification and characterization of a ferulic acid esterase (FAE-III) from Aspergillus niger: specificity for the phenolic moiety and binding to microcrystalline cellulose (1994)

An inducible ferulic acid esterase (FAE-III) has been isolated, purified and partially characterized from Aspergillus niger after growth on oat spelt xylan. The purification procedure utilized ammonium sulphate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme appeared almost pure by SDS-PAGE, with an apparent M r of 36000. A single band, corresponding to a pl of 3·3 was observed on isoelectric focusing. With methyl ferulate as substrate, the enzyme had a specific activity of 67 IU (mg protein)−1, pH and temperature optima of 5 and 55–60 °C, respectively, and a Km of 2·08 mM and a V max of 175 μmol min−1 (mg protein)−1. The enzyme was also active upon methyl sinapinate, methyl-3,4-dimethoxy cinnamate and methyl p-coumarate, but not benzoic acid methyl esters or methyl caffeate. Similarly, Streptomyces olivochromogenes FAE showed activity against methyl ferulate, methyl sinapinate and methyl p-coumarate, but at a level 420-fold less (on methyl ferulate) than the A. niger esterase. No activity was detected against the benzoate methyl esters. For both enzymes, this shows the necessity for C-3 on the phenol ring to be methoxylated and the aliphatic region of the substrate to be unsaturated. The specific activity of FAE-III on destarched wheat bran was 31 U (mg protein)−1 in the presence of Trichoderma viride xylanase and 3 U (mg protein)−1 in the absence. Apparent pH dependent binding of A. niger FAE-III to microcrystalline cellulose was also demonstrated.
Discrimination among individuals using orthogonal transformed face images (2002)

We investigated the discrimination among individuals by comparing the individual face image which applied an orthogonal transform with the reference images. Image recognition is affected by the conditions of the image, like the distance from the camera to a face or the brightness of the illumination. Therefore a normalizing method which adjusts to the changes of the distance and brightness is needed for correct recognition. Adjustment of the distance was carried out by enlarging/reducing the image based on the positions of the eyes, nose and mouth. The orthogonal transform is suitable for extracting the characteristic parts of an image. Moreover, it is not affected by the changes of the brightness of the illumination. We applied five kinds of transforms (discrete Fourier, Walsh-Hadamard, Haar, discrete cosine and wavelet) to the human face image. For each transform, two types of pattern matching methods were examined. One used the whole transformed image with no change, and the other used the weighted images. Weighting is performed to extract only a small part which includes individual characteristics from the image. We compared the discrimination rates for the five transforms. As a result, it has been shown that the weightings was effective to improve the discrimination rate. For all five transforms, the discrimination rate was improved by 5%-40% using weighting. In addition only small parts of the transformed image were useful for discrimination. When the discrete Fourier transform was used, the highest discrimination rate of 96.8% was obtained.
Simultaneous detection of FV Q506 and prothrombin 20210 A variation by allele-specific PCR. (1999)

The ASO PCR test is a rapid, simple and cost-effective screening test for thrombophilia.
Chiral luminescent CdS nano-tetrapods (2010)

The utilisation of chiral penicillamine stabilisers allowed the preparation of new water soluble white emitting CdS nano-tetrapods, which demonstrated circular dichroism in the band-edge region of the spectrum.
COCOA: tracking in aerial imagery (2006)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a core intelligence asset for reconnaissance, surveillance and target tracking in urban and battlefield settings. In order to achieve the goal of automated tracking of objects in UAV videos we have developed a system called COCOA. It processes the video stream through number of stages. At first stage platform motion compensation is performed. Moving object detection is performed to detect the regions of interest from which object contours are extracted by performing a level set based segmentation. Finally blob based tracking is performed for each detected object. Global tracks are generated which are used for higher level processing. COCOA is customizable to different sensor resolutions and is capable of tracking targets as small as 100 pixels. It works seamlessly for both visible and thermal imaging modes. The system is implemented in Matlab and works in a batch mode.
Accurate Blur Models vs. Image Priors in Single Image Super-resolution (2013)

Over the past decade, single image Super-Resolution (SR) research has focused on developing sophisticated image priors, leading to significant advances. Estimating and incorporating the blur model, that relates the high-res and low-res images, has received much less attention, however. In particular, the reconstruction constraint, namely that the blurred and down sampled high-res output should approximately equal the low-res input image, has been either ignored or applied with default fixed blur models. In this work, we examine the relative importance of the image prior and the reconstruction constraint. First, we show that an accurate reconstruction constraint combined with a simple gradient regularization achieves SR results almost as good as those of state-of-the-art algorithms with sophisticated image priors. Second, we study both empirically and theoretically the sensitivity of SR algorithms to the blur model assumed in the reconstruction constraint. We find that an accurate blur model is more important than a sophisticated image prior. Finally, using real camera data, we demonstrate that the default blur models of various SR algorithms may differ from the camera blur, typically leading to over-smoothed results. Our findings highlight the importance of accurately estimating camera blur in reconstructing raw lowers images acquired by an actual camera.
On-line garbage modeling with discriminant analysis for utterance verification (2002)

Out-of-vocabulary (OOV) utterance detection and rejection are specially important and difficult problems in large-vocabulary and continuous speech recognition. C de la Torre et al. (1996) proposed an utterance verification procedure based on the use of frame-by-frame best acoustic state scores instead of using explicit garbage models. This procedure is usually referred to as online garbage modeling. In this paper, we extend our previous work in two major directions: (a) we analyze, through the use of discriminant analysis, the possibilities of using L-best local scores and N-best utterance hypothesis scores for utterance verification; and (b) we present experimental results not only for a spontaneously-spoken natural number recognition task, but also for a flexible large-vocabulary recognition task. All the results, based on a telephone database, show that the proposed online garbage modeling procedure outperforms (both in terms of performance and computational cost) other approaches based on the use of explicit garbage models.
Thick-film phase holograms recorded by means of coded reference waves (1977)

The theory of coupled waves is used in an analysis of reconstruction of a thick-film phase hologram recorded using a coded reference wave. A report is given of the experimental results obtained by recording superimposed holograms of half-tone and binary images.