gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Aggregations of macrophages in the digestive tract of several mammals and their functional significance]. (1993)

Our previous finding in the guinea pig that macrophages are aggregated at the villus tips of the small intestine and phagocytose effete enterocytes, in contrast to the accepted view that the enterocytes are exfoliated into the lumen, was extended in the present study to the large intestine of this animal and to the intestines of other mammals. In the large intestine of guinea pigs, aggregations of macrophages with an acid phosphatase activity were found beneath the epithelial lining, linearly surrounding the crypts. The macrophages contained debris of epithelial cells in their phagosomes, suggesting that the macrophages phagocytose apoptotic epithelial cells. This finding was supported by tracing BrdU-marked enterocytes, which were found to be taken up by the macrophages in the lamina propria. The macrophage aggregation was also recognized in the ileum of newborn guinea pigs, a finding favoring the idea that it represents a constant and intrinsic phenomenon and is not induced by penetration of foreign particles or other immunological events. In the monkey small intestine, macrophages with abundant phagosomes aggregated in large numbers in the lamina propria of the villus tips and were found to phagocytose enterocytes. In the hamster and rat, macrophages were numerous in the villi of the small intestine but they did not reveal images suggesting their involvement in the enterocyte removal. The mouse and rabbit showed only few macrophages with an acid phosphatase activity in the lamina propria of villi. The present finding in the monkey urges an investigation as to whether the novel mechanism of enterocyte disposition by subepithelial macrophages might be taking place in the human intestine.
Effects of the Environment on Microperoxidase-11 and on Its Catalytic Activity in Oxidation of Organic Sulfides to Sulfoxides (2003)

Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11, also known as heme undecapeptide of cytochrome c) was immobilized by encapsulation into sol-gel silica glass and by physisorption, chemisorption, and covalent attachment to silica gel. We then compared these species with one another and with dissolved microperoxidase-11 as catalysts for the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. MP-11 is prone to oligomerization in solution, both via axial ligation and via intermolecular interactions. When the ligation oligomerization is suppressed upon immobilization, heme becomes more accessible, and the sulfoxide yield increases 4-6 times, from 15% up to 95%. When the ligation oligomerization of dissolved MP-11 is suppressed by protonation and acetylation of amino groups and by addition of methanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or trifluoroethanol, the sulfoxide yield increases 3-5 times (up to 76%). The oligomerization via intermolecular interactions is important for preserving enantioselectivity in immobilized and dissolved MP-11. For MP-11 in amine-rich and especially alcohol-rich environments, the enantioselectivity is vanishingly low, presumably because amino and hydroxyl groups cause a conformation change in the catalyst. In other environments, the MP-11 species are aggregated via intermolecular interactions in micellar (SDS) solution and on the surface of the silica gel, or via axial ligation in aqueous buffer at pH 6.0. Under these conditions, the enantioselectivity is enhanced; the enantiomeric excess (ee) becomes as high as 46%. An understanding of the effects of the aggregation state and consequent properties on the catalytic activity of MP-11 allowed us to control the yield and enantioselectivity of sulfoxidation reaction.
Possible role of aminoacyl-RNA complexes in noncoded peptide synthesis and origin of coded synthesis. (1994)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
One-Dimensional Off-Chip Beam Steering and Shaping Using Optical Phased Arrays on Silicon-on-Insulator (2011)

Optical beam steering can find applications in several domains such as laser scanning, LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), wireless data transfer and optical switches and interconnects. As present beam steering approaches use mechanical motion such as moving mirrors or MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) or molecular movement using liquid crystals, they are usually limited in speed and/or performance. Therefore we have studied the possibilities of the integrated silicon photonics platform in beam steering applications. In this paper, we have investigated a 16 element one-dimensional optical phased array on silicon-on-insulator with a field-of-view of 23. Using thermo-optic phase tuners, we have shown beam steering over the complete field-of-view. By programming the phase tuners as a lens, we have also shown the focusing capabilities of this one-dimensional optical phased array. The field-of-view can easily be increased by decreasing the width of the waveguides. This clearly shows the potential of silicon photonics in beam steering and scanning applications.
Complementary DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of porcine α<sub>1</sub>‐microglobulin and bikunin (1990)

Analysis of complementary DNA for porcine alpha 1-microglobulin and bikunin indicates that both proteins result from proteolytic processing of a common precursor similar to that found in man. Complete primary structures of these proteins are deduced from the nucleic acid sequence and partially confirmed by peptide sequencing.
A review of DASIE code family: contribution to SEU/MBU understanding (2005)

DASIE (the detailed analysis of secondary ion effect) is the name of a code family dedicated to the SEE rate prediction. This paper presents a review of DASIE code family and its contributions to SEU (single event upset) and MBU (multiple bit upset) understanding.
CERK1, a LysM receptor kinase, is essential for chitin elicitor signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2007)

Chitin is a major component of fungal cell walls and serves as a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) for the detection of various potential pathogens in innate immune systems of both plants and animals. We recently showed that chitin elicitor-binding protein (CEBiP), plasma membrane glycoprotein with LysM motifs, functions as a cell surface receptor for chitin elicitor in rice. The predicted structure of CEBiP does not contain any intracellular domains, suggesting that an additional component(s) is required for signaling through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm. Here, we identified a receptor-like kinase, designated CERK1, which is essential for chitin elicitor signaling in Arabidopsis. The KO mutants for CERK1 completely lost the ability to respond to the chitin elicitor, including MAPK activation, reactive oxygen species generation, and gene expression. Disease resistance of the KO mutant against an incompatible fungus, Alternaria brassicicola, was partly impaired. Complementation with the WT CERK1 gene showed cerk1 mutations were responsible for the mutant phenotypes. CERK1 is a plasma membrane protein containing three LysM motifs in the extracellular domain and an intracellular Ser/Thr kinase domain with autophosphorylation/myelin basic protein kinase activity, suggesting that CERK1 plays a critical role in fungal MAMP perception in plants.
The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues (2009)

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of ambient tropospheric aerosol and a detailed knowledge of the formation, properties and transformation of SOA is therefore required to evaluate its impact on atmospheric processes, climate and human health. The chemical and physical processes associated with SOA formation are complex and varied, and, despite considerable progress in recent years, a quantitative and predictive understanding of SOA formation does not exist and therefore represents a major research challenge in atmospheric science. This review begins with an update on the current state of knowledge on the global SOA budget and is followed by an overview of the atmospheric degradation mechanisms for SOA precursors, gas-particle partitioning theory and the analytical techniques used to determine the chemical composition of SOA. A survey of recent laboratory, field and modeling studies is also presented. The following topical and emerging issues are highlighted and discussed in detail: molecular characterization of biogenic SOA constituents, condensed phase reactions and oligomerization, the interaction of atmospheric organic components with sulfuric acid, the chemical and photochemical processing of organics in the atmospheric aqueous phase, aerosol formation from real plant emissions, interaction of atmospheric organic components with water, thermodynamics and mixtures in atmospheric models. Finally, the major challenges ahead in laboratory, field and modeling studies of SOA are discussed and recommendations for future research directions are proposed.
Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Concentrations after Trauma (2004)

Both qualitative and quantitative studies on circulating DNA (1)(2)(3) and RNA(4)(5)(6) in plasma and serum have shown their usefulness in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. In addition to DNA and RNA, there is another species of nucleic acids, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that is usually confined to and functions in the mitochondria. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome are associated with various diseases (7). A recent study reported the presence of a known mtDNA mutation in the serum and plasma of patients with type II diabetes mellitus (8). Mutant mtDNA has been detected in plasma of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (9). However, unlike circulating DNA, there is a paucity of quantitative data on circulating mtDNA. The reason might be partly attributable to the presence of pseudogenes in the nuclear genome that may lead to coamplification of these nuclear copies of mtDNA (10). To overcome this problem, a mtDNA-specific real-time quantitative PCR assay has recently been developed (11).

Significant increases in circulating DNA in the plasma of trauma patients have been reported and found to be useful in posttraumatic prognosis (12). One hypothesis for the increased plasma DNA concentration after trauma is that cell-free DNA is released from damaged tissues to the nearby bloodstream. We therefore proposed that mtDNA in plasma may also be increased after trauma. In this study, we aimed to investigate and compare changes in cell-free mtDNA and nuclear DNA concentration in plasma after trauma, their relationships with injury severity, and the potential prognostic value of plasma mtDNA concentrations.

Thirty-eight patients who had sustained an acute blunt traumatic injury and had been admitted to the resuscitation room at the Prince of Wales Hospital between July 2000 and October 2002 were recruited. Inclusion criteria included time from injury to admission of <4 …
Damage detection algorithms applied to experimental modal data from the I-40 Bridge (1996)

Because the I-40 Bridges over the Rio Grande were to be razed during the summer of 1993, the investigators were able to introduce damage into the structure in order to test various damage identification methods. To support this research effort, New Mexico State University (NMSU) contracted Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to perform experimental modal analyses, and to develop experimentally verified numerical models of the bridge. Previous reports (LA-12767-MS and LA-12979-MS) summarize the results of the experimental modal analyses and the results obtained from numerical modal analyses conducted with finite element models. This report summarizes the application of five damage identification algorithms reported in the technical literature to the previously reported experimental and numerical modal data.
Telecommunications billing interfaces (2002)

This paper defines an end-to-end billing process model. The processes in this model are mapped to the Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) model. Two interfaces in this process model have been defined, Usage Accounting Interface (UAI) and Usage Metering Interface (UMI). Usage Accounting Interface is for between Service Providers (SP) and Network Providers (NP). It is designed in the protocol-independent manner. TINA-C's tools such as Object Definition Language (ODL) are used in the interface specification usage metering interface is for between Network Providers (NP) and Equipment Providers (EP). And it is designed for the B-ICI (Broadband ISDN Inter-Carrier Interface) environment where multiple carriers using ATM as underlying technology provide broadband services.
Using gravity to estimate accelerometer orientation (2004)

Several wearable computing or ubiquitous computing research projects have detected and distinguished user motion activities by attaching accelerometers in known positions and orientations on the user’s body. This paper observes that the orientation constraint can probably be relaxed. An estimate of the constant gravity vector can be obtained by averaging accelerometer samples. This gravity vector estimate in turn enables estimation of the vertical component and the magnitude of the horizontal component of the user’s motion, independently of how the three-axis accelerometer system is oriented.
Depth of Focus: Clinical Manifestation (2007)

Depth of focus and normal levels of visual acuity have a close relation: the higher the visual acuity, the smaller the depth of focus.
Solar thermal propulsion status and future (1992)

The status of solar absorber/thruster research is reviewed, and potential future applications and advanced solar thermal propulsion concepts are discussed. Emphasis is placed on two concepts, the windowless heat exchanger cavity and the porous material absorption concepts. Mission studies demonstrate greater than 50 percent increase in payload compared to chemical propulsion for a LEO-to-GEO mission. Alternative missions that have been considered for this concept include the Thousand Astronomical Unit mission, LEO-to-lunar orbit, and other SEI missions. It is pointed out that solar thermal propulsion is inherently simple and capable of moderate-to-high engine performance at moderate-to-low thrust levels. 15 refs.
Differential effects of bryostatins and phorbol esters on arachidonic acid metabolite release and epidermal growth factor binding in C3H 10T1/2 cells. (1988)

The bryostatins, a group of macrocyclic lactones isolated on the basis of their antineoplastic activity, protein kinase C in vitro and block phorbol ester binding to this enzyme. In some cellular systems, bryostatins mimic phorbol ester action. In other systems, however, the bryostatins display only marginal agonistic action and, instead, inhibit phorbol ester-induced responses. At least in primary mouse epidermal cells, a transient duration of action of bryostatin 1 could rationalize these differences. To determine whether this model of transient activation could explain the dual actions of bryostatin 1 in other cell systems, we have examined the effects of bryostatin 1 on short-term responses in C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts. Even at very short exposures (30 min), bryostatin 1 blocked phorbol ester-induced arachidonic acid metabolite release and induced only minimal release when assayed alone. In contrast, epidermal growth factor binding was markedly and rapidly decreased in bryostatin 1-treated C3H 10T1/2 cells, and this decrease showed only limited reversal 16 h after initial exposure. Bryostatins 2, 3, 4, 10, and several of their derivatives caused variable arachidonic acid metabolite release (10 to 60% of phorbol ester control) and correspondingly variable inhibition of phorbol ester action. Our findings on arachidonic acid metabolite release argue against transient activation of the protein kinase C pathway as the sole explanation of bryostatin 1 action. They indicate, moreover, differences in the structure-activity relations of the bryostatins for the phorbol ester-mimetic and phorbol ester-inhibitory actions.
PP.02.41 (2015)

Objective: The aim was to determine if increasing fruit (+1 serve; 150 g/day), vegetable (+2 serves; 150 g/day) and dairy (+1 serve; 200–250 g/day) intake slows carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) progression, compared to a control group continuing on their usual diet, in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes after 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were peripheral and central blood pressure, augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Design and method: A 12 month randomized controlled trial was conducted. The primary outcome was mean cIMT, measured at baseline and 12 months using B mode ultrasound. Secondary outcomes were peripheral and central blood pressure, AI and PWV, measured at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Participants in the intervention group received dietary counselling from a dietitian at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and compliance was measured using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Data were analysed using mixed effect modelling. Results: Ninety- five participants completed the study. At baseline mean HbA1c was 7.2±1.4% and blood pressure (127/71mmHg), total (3.5±0.9mmol/L) and LDL cholesterol (1.7±0.7mmol/L) were within the recommendations as defined by the 2013 ESC/EASD guidelines and approximately 60% of the cohort was taking an anti-hypertensive or lipid lowering medication. Vegetable (59 g; 95% CI 25, 94 g; p=0.001) and fruit (197 g; 95% CI 130, 264 g; p=0.0001) intake were increased at 3 months in the intervention group, compared to the control group. This increase was not maintained at 12 months but intake increased overall in the cohort (fruit 53 g/day; vegetables 17 g/day; p<0.01). An increase in dairy consumption was not achieved but yogurt intake was higher in the intervention group at 3 months (36 g; 95% CI 6, 66 g; p=0.02); this was not maintained at 12 months. At 12 months cIMT regressed (-0.01±0.04 mm; p<0.001) with a greater effect in the treatment group (-0.02±0.04 mm vs. -0.005±0.04 mm; p=0.045). Baseline HbA1c was an independent predictor of cIMT change. There was no time by treatment effect for peripheral and central blood pressure, AI or PWV. Conclusions: Improving dietary quality in well-controlled people with diabetes may slow cIMT progression.
Nanosensors for Environmental Applications (2003)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Overview Sensor Piezoelectric Cantilever Sensors ( PECS ) Theory of PECS Unimorph PECS with a Nonpiezoelectric Extension Examples of Detections Immobilization and In‐solution Quantification of Yeast Cells Detection of Binding of Biotinylated Polystyrene Spheres to Immobilized Avidin Detection of Avidin Immobilization at the Cantilever Tip Salmonella typhimurium Detection Nerve Gas Simulant Detection Piezoelectric Cantilever Miniaturization PMN ‐ PT / Cu Microcantilevers PZT /SiO 2 Microcantilevers and PZT /SiO 2 ‐Si 3 N 4 Nanocantilevers Conclusions Acknowledgment
Influence of N substitution on antimycobacterial activity of ciprofloxacin (1990)

Ciprofloxacin analogs with various substitutions on the piperazine nitrogen were tested against several mycobacteria. In contrast to what has been found with other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, alkyl analogs such as N-isopropylciprofloxacin were shown to be significantly more active than ciprofloxacin. MICs of 0.125 microgram/ml against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were found.
A study on the absorption of ammonia into water in a rotor‐stator reactor (2014)

This article presents experimental and modelling studies on the absorption of NH 3 into water in a rotor‐stator reactor (RSR). The influences of operating parameters such as the rotation speed of rotor, liquid flow rate, and gas flow rate on the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K y a) of NH 3 were investigated. It was found that K y a increased with an increasing rotation speed, liquid flow rate, and gas flow rate. A correlation to predict the K y a of NH 3 in the RSR was established and found to be in agreement with the experimental data with deviations within 10 %. A comparison was made between the K y a of NH 3 in the RSR and RPB, and the result showed that K y a of NH 3 in the RSR was 13 % higher than that in the RPB, thus signifying that the RSR has better intensification effect for mass transfer limited processes than the RPB.
Glycine Oxidase Based High-Throughput Solid-Phase Assay for Substrate Profiling and Directed Evolution of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-Selective Amine Transaminases (2014)

Transaminases represent one of the most important enzymes of the biocatalytic toolbox for chiral amine synthesis as they allow asymmetric synthesis with quantitative yields and high enantioselectivity. In order to enable substrate profiling of transaminases for acceptance of different amines, a glycine oxidase and horseradish peroxidase coupled assay was developed. Transaminase activity is detected upon transfer of an amine group from an amino donor substrate to glyoxylate, generating glycine, which is subsequently oxidized by glycine oxidase, releasing hydrogen peroxide in turn. Horseradish peroxidase uses the hydrogen peroxide to produce benzoquinone, which forms a red quinone imine dye by a subsequent condensation reaction. As glycine does not carry a chiral center, both (R)- and (S)-selective transaminases accepting glyoxylate as amino acceptor are amenable to screening. The principle has been transferred to establish a high-throughput solid-phase assay which dramatically decreases the screening effort in directed evolution of transaminases, as only active variants are selected for further analysis.
A fast and scalable IP lookup scheme for high-speed networks (2005)

One of the key design issues for the next-generation IP routers is the IP lookup mechanism. For each incoming IP packet, the IP routing needs to perform a longest prefix matching on the address lookup in order to determine the packet's next hop. Currently, the process is done in software and has become a major bottleneck of the router performance. In this paper, we propose a high-speed IP lookup scheme for the best matching prefix (BMP) by using forwarding tables consisting of prefix information tables (PIT) and lookup tables (LT) that provide guidelines for efficient search. The scheme scales very well as the sizes of the address and the routing table increase. For IP lookup in IPv4, the scheme needs 1 memory access in the best case, and 2 memory accesses plus one hash in the worst case to locate the BMP, if one exists. It requires only 560 KBytes to 670 KBytes of memory space when about 45000 routing tables entries in the backbone are logged for simulation. When 50 ns DRAM is used for the forwarding tables, the scheme offers lookup speed of 10 millions packets per second. The lookup speed can be improved linearly with the speedup of the type of memory used.
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Konstitution und einigen Eigenschaften von grenzflächenaktiven Benzolsulfonaten mit Heteroatomen in der aliphatischen Seitenkette (1970)

Article Zusammenhänge zwischen der Konstitution und einigen Eigenschaften von grenzflächenaktiven Benzolsulfonaten mit Heteroatomen in der aliphatischen Seitenkette was published on September 1, 1970 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 7, issue 5).