gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A survey on spectrum sensing techniques for cognitive radio (2009)

Spectrum sensing is an important functionality of cognitive radio (CR). Accuracy and speed of estimation are the key indicators to select the appropriate spectrum sensing technique. Conventional spectrum estimation techniques which are based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) suffer from familiar problems such as low frequency resolution, high variance of estimated power spectrum and high side lobes/leakages. Methods such as multitaper spectrum estimation successfully alleviate these infarctions but exact a high price in terms of complexity. On these accounts, it appears that the filter bank spectrum estimation formulated by F. Boroujeny and wavelet based spectrum estimates are the most promising and pragmatic approaches for CR applications. This article surveys and appraises available literature on various spectrum sensing techniques and discusses spectrum sensing as a key element of CR system design.
Fabrication of nanocrystalline silicon layers by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from silicon tetrafluoride (2009)

The data on fabrication of silicon layers on various substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from the (silicon tetrafluoride)-hydrogen system are reported. The emission spectra of the plasma in the system are recorded. The samples were studied by the X-ray diffraction and secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques. The morphologic properties of the surface are examined, and the Raman spectra, the transmittance spectra in the infrared region, and photoluminescence spectra are recorded. The phase composition of the layers corresponds to nanocrystalline silicon, in which the dimensions of coherent-scattering grains vary with the conditions of the preparation process in the range from 3 to 9 nm. The layers exhibit intense photoluminescence at room temperature.
Characterization of flip-chip CMOS ASIC simultaneous switching noise on multilayer organic and ceramic BGA/CGA packages (2002)

This paper presents the characterization of flip-chip CMOS ASIC core logic and I/O simultaneous switching noise on several types of high density multilayer organic and ceramic ball grid array (BGA) and column grid array (CGA) packages. The results of time domain simultaneous switching output noise measurements with a CMOS test chip are presented. Core logic switching noise modeling and simulation results are also discussed.
<scp>EPID</scp>‐based <i>in vivo</i> dosimetry using Dosimetry Check™: Overview and clinical experience in a 5‐yr study including breast, lung, prostate, and head and neck cancer patients (2018)

This preliminary data shows that EPID-based IVD with DC may not only be useful in detecting errors but has the potential to be used to establish site-specific dose action levels. The approach is straightforward and has been implemented as a radiographer-led service with no disruption to the patient and no impact on treatment time.
Can Doping Graphite Trigger Room Temperature Superconductivity? Evidence for Granular High‐Temperature Superconductivity in Water‐Treated Graphite Powder (2012)

Granular superconductivity in powders of small graphite grains (several tens of micrometers) is demonstrated after treatment with pure water. The temperature, magnetic field and time dependence of the magnetic moment of the treated graphite powder provides evidence for the existence of superconducting vortices with some similarities to high-temperature granular superconducting oxides but even at temperatures above 300 K. Room temperature superconductivity in doped graphite or at its interfaces appears to be possible.
Lidocaine Disrupts Axonal Membrane of Rat Sciatic Nerve In Vitro (2000)

This study demonstrates that exposing the rat myelinated nerve to lidocaine at a clinically used concentration for more than 30 min causes enough membrane damage to allow enzyme leakage. In clinical practice, the smallest effective dose should be used.
Frequency of the Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease Common Lipa E8sjm Mutation (C.894G>A) in Various Racial And Ethnic Groups (2013)

These data indicate that CESD may be underdiagnosed in the general Caucasian and Hispanic populations, which is important since clinical trials of enzyme replacement therapy for LAL deficiency are currently being developed. Moreover, future studies on CESD prevalence in African and Asian populations may require full-gene LIPA sequencing to determine heterozygote frequencies, since c.894G>A is not common in these racial groups.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli by titanium dioxide photocatalytic oxidation (1993)

Titanium dioxide in the anatase crystalline form was used as a photocatalyst to generate hydroxyl radicals in a flowthrough water reactor. Experiments were performed on pure cultures of Escherichia coli in dechlorinated tap water and a surface water sample to evaluate the disinfection capabilities of the reactor. In water devoid of significant amounts of inorganic-radical scavengers, rapid cell death was observed with both pure cultures and members of the indigenous flora in a natural water sample.
Effect of Falciparum Malaria Infection on the in Vitro Mitogen Responses of Spleen and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Owl Monkeys (1978)

The response of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to mitogen stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (ConA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was determined for owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) experimentally infected with the Vietnam-Oak Knoll (FVO) and the Uganda-Palo Alto (FUP) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. PBL from Panamanian Aotus monkeys with less than 25% FVO infection responded normally to mitogen stimulation; however, increased parasitemia of 25--50% resulted in a significant suppression of ConA responsiveness. Colombian Aotus monkeys infected with the PUF strain also developed a suppression to ConA stimulation but with a lower parasitemia (10--25%). When the parasitemia became greater than 50% in these animals, PHA, ConA, and PWM responses were significantly decreased in cultures of PBL. Spleen cells from all acutely infected Aotus monkeys were suppressed to PHA and ConA, but not PWM stimulation. Changes in mitogen responsiveness of experimentally infected Aotus monkeys are similar to those reported for humans with acute falciparum malaria.
FAST FOURIER ALGORITHM AND THE PROGRAMS ALFF, ALFFDP, ALFFPROJ, ALFFT, AND FRIEDEL. (1971)

Theophylline is a commonly used bronchodilator in the treatment of chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD) with a narrow therapeutic range of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml. Patients with COAD frequently receive concomitant antibiotic therapy for respiratory infections. This study evaluated the effect of tetracycline therapy on theophylline disposition in adults with COAD. Six males (five nonsmokers) with obstructive ventilatory defects were studied in two phases: control, after receiving sustained-release theophylline in the same dosage regimen for four days, and treatment, after receiving tetracycline 250 mg po qid for five days in addition to theophylline. During each phase, 10 blood samples were obtained over one dosing interval and analyzed for theophylline content. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated: Cmin, Cmax, Css, percentage fluctuation and Cl. Differences for each value were tested as paired data with Student's two-tailed t-test. When all patients were evaluated, the only statistically significant difference was for Cmax. However, when the five nonsmokers were evaluated separately, differences were observed for Css (micrograms/ml; mean +/- SD) 9.3 +/- 3.0, control, and 10.6 +/- 3.8, treatment (p = 0.041); and for Cl [( ml/h]/kg; mean +/- SD) 49.0 +/- 11.1, control, and 43.6 +/- 10.2, treatment (p = 0.019). This study demonstrates that tetracycline may weakly inhibit theophylline clearance in nonsmoking adults with COAD.
Steroid transformation at high substrate concentrations using immobilized <i>Corynebacterium simplex</i> cells (1980)

Abstract The steroid transformation of hydrocortisone to prednisolone, combining the two techniques of immobilized whole cells and high steroid concentrations, was investigated and found to be a feasible process. Freeze‐dried Corynebacterium simplex cells were immobilized in collagen, tanned with glutaraldehyde, and cast into a membrane. The reaction was studied at hydrocortisone concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mg/ml. The following aspects of the system were examined: (1) the substrate concentration effect upon the reaction; (2) the effect of enzyme concentration; (3) the rate‐concentration relationship; and (4) the product inhibition characteristics of the system. The optimal substrate concentration was found to be 15 mg/ml of a membrane concentration of 80 mg/ml. This reaction attained an 80% conversion in 48 hr. A liner relation was found between the initial reaction rate and membrane concentration. One can thus increase the net production of steroid per unit volume and time by increasing the membrane levels. A physical limit to this increase occurred at membrane concentrations greater than 125 mg/ml. The rate‐concentration relationship was linear when graphed on a Line weaver‐Burk plot: giving a K m ′ and V m ′ value of 5.39 mg/ml and 0.556 mg/ml/hr, respectively. When the data were tested for competitive product inhibition, the curves fitted the experimental points fairly well and produced K m ′ and V m ′ values of 4.52 mg/ml and 0.566 mg/ml/hr, respectively. Product inhibition experiments showed that the inhibition was not purely competitive. At low substrate concentrations, product inhibited the enzyme; at high substrate concentrations, the enzyme was first stimulated and then depressed by increasing levels of products. This behavior has been analyzed and shown to be possibly a result of the information of a tertiary intermediate produced during the reaction.
Effect of melatonin on melanoma cells subjected to UVA and UVB radiation in In vitro studies. (2009)

Studies performed in vivo and in vitro have shown that exogenous melatonin (Mel) exerts oncostatic effects on melanoma cells. Although the protective effect of Mel on skin and cells exposed mainly to UVB has been documented, effects of Mel have not yet been examined on melanoma cells exposed to UVA. Our investigations aimed at examination of the effect of Mel alone (0, 10(-3), 10(-6) and 10(-9) M), and after its addition to the culture medium for 30 minutes before exposure of melanoma cells to UVA (15 J/cm(2)) or UVB (30 mJ/cm(2), 60 mJ/cm(2)). Viability of the cells was examined using the colorimetric sulphorhodamine B test. Mel added to the medium at concentrations of 10(-3)-10(-8) M was found to increase the number of melanoma cells as compared to the control (cells with no Mel) after 24 hours. Compared to exposed cells without Mel, at 10(-3) M Mel, melanoma cells exposed to 30 mJ/cm(2) UVB increased in number and at 10(-9) M increased the survival of those exposed to 60 mJ/cm(2) UVB. The cells exposed to UVA (15 J/cm(2)) were protected by Mel at 10(-6) and 10(-9) M. Physiological concentrations of Mel exerted no oncostatic effects on the BM cell line used here. In addition, the pharmacological Mel concentrations stimulated proliferation of the cells. Beyond doubt, we have confirmed that Mel represents a substance which protects cells from UVA and UVB action in in vitro experiments.
A 30-GHz Integrated Subharmonic Mixer Based on a Multichannel Graphene FET (2013)

A 30-GHz integrated subharmonic mixer based on a single graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET) has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The mixer is realized in microstrip technology on a 250- μm-high-resistivity silicon substrate. In order to enhance the current on-off ratio, the G-FET utilizes a channel consisting of an array of bow-tie structured graphene, yielding a current on-off ratio of 7. A conversion loss (CL) of 19 ± 1 dB over the frequency range of 24-31 GHz is obtained with a local oscillator (LO) to RF isolation better than 20 dB at an LO power of 10 dBm. The overall minimum CL is 18 dB at 27 GHz. The mixer has a 3 GHz ± 1-dB IF bandwidth, which is achieved with a fixed LO signal of 15 GHz. The mixer linearity is characterized and the highest third-order intercept point is measured to be 12.8 dBm.
End-to-end survivable broadband networks (1995)

Within the EC-sponsored RACE program, the IMMUNE project was established to analyze and specify appropriate strategies for introducing end-to-end survivability into corporate and public broadband networks to support these strategies by proper techniques and evaluation tools, and to demonstrate distributed restoration on PSN (public switched networks) and CPN (customer premises networks) laboratory models. The first objective was to define a set of survivability requirements and metrics to be used in the rest of the project. This has led to the identification of a range of survivability strategy options ann how they can be mapped onto user, service provider and operator requirements. The next step on the road to integral survivability is designing and planning survivable networks, and the evaluation of the restoration and protection mechanisms that will be applied in these networks. An overview is given of this part of the project. Most protection and restoration mechanisms operate within a single network layer and network part, autonomous from network management. The interaction of mechanisms in different network layers or in different network parts, and the role of network management, are discussed. For the demonstration lab models, two techniques have been selected for implementation: a distributed restoration mechanism for a meshed ATM PSN, and a CPN ATM ring protection switching mechanism. These techniques are described and an overview is given of the ongoing activities within the IMMUNE project, with a summary of the status of the demo models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dietary Survey in Kyunggido Area (1998)

This study was conducted to investigate the contemporary dietary life of residence in Kyunggi province. People living in Kimpo, Yoju districts(farm villages), Kapyung districts (mountain villages) and Hwasung districts (fishing villages) were selected for this research as subjects from August S to 19,1997. The results of the survey are summarized as follows: 1. Cooked rice was a staple food. However nuddles and soojaebees(soup with dough flakes) was taken as lunch or snacks but Juk(rice guel) or Dduk(rice cake) was not treated as a meal. 2. Dishes were consisted with soup or chigae, kimchi and namul(seasoned vegetables), and fishes, meats, salted sea foods, dried fishes, jangacchi(dried seasoning radish) were also taken by sometimes. 3. Soy sauce, bean paste, red pepper bean paste were made by every home even if they were very busy. 4. Festival days such as New Year's Day, daeborum(the 15th day of January), chusok(mid-autumn festival), and kosaa(October ceremony) and dongee(one of 24 seasons by lunar calendar) are skipped oftenly and slowly forgotten by people. They do not celebrate Samgin-nal(the third day of March), Buddha's birthday(the 8th day of April by lunar calendar), danoh(the 5th day of May), yoodoo(the 15th day of June), chilsok(the 7th day of July), Jungyang(the 9th day of September) and the last day of the year either 5. Due to improved kitchen system, we couldn't see the old kitchen devices.
Effect of top electrodes on photovoltaic properties of polycrystalline BiFeO<sub>3</sub>based thin film capacitors (2011)

We investigated capacitors based on polycrystalline narrow-band-gap BiFeO(3) (BFO) thin films with different top electrodes. The photovoltaic response for the capacitor with a Sn-doped In(2)O(3) (ITO) top electrode is about 25 times higher than that with a Au top electrode, which indicates that the electrode plays a key role in determining the photovoltaic response of ferroelectric thin film capacitors, as simulated by Qin et al (2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 22912). The light-to-electricity photovoltaic efficiency for the ITO/polycrystalline BFO/Pt capacitor can reach 0.125%. Furthermore, under incident light of 450 µW cm(-2) and zero bias, the corresponding photocurrent varies from 0.2 to 200 pA, that is, almost a 1000-fold photoconductivity enhancement. Our experiments suggest that polycrystalline BFO films are promising materials for application in photo-sensitive and energy-related devices.
Effects of laxative and <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine on mucus accumulation, bacterial load, transit, and inflammation in the cystic fibrosis mouse small intestine (2007)

The accumulation of mucus in affected organs is characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF). The CF mouse small intestine has dramatic mucus accumulation and exhibits slower interdigestive intestinal transit. These factors are proposed to play cooperative roles that foster small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and contribute to the innate immune response of the CF intestine. It was hypothesized that decreasing the mucus accumulation would reduce SIBO and might improve other aspects of the CF intestinal phenotype. To test this, solid chow-fed CF mice were treated with an osmotic laxative to improve gut hydration or liquid-fed mice were treated orally with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to break mucin disulfide bonds. Treatment with laxative or NAC reduced mucus accumulation by 43% and 50%, respectively, as measured histologically as dilation of the intestinal crypts. Laxative and NAC also reduced bacterial overgrowth in the CF intestine by 92% and 63%, respectively. Treatment with laxative normalized small intestinal transit in CF mice, whereas NAC did not. The expression of innate immune response-related genes was significantly reduced in laxative-treated CF mice, whereas there was no significant effect in NAC-treated CF mice. In summary, laxative and NAC treatments of CF mice reduced mucus accumulation to a similar extent, but laxative was more effective than NAC at reducing bacterial load. Eradication of bacterial overgrowth by laxative treatment was associated with normalized intestinal transit and a reduction in the innate immune response. These results suggest that both mucus accumulation and slowed interdigestive small intestinal transit contribute to SIBO in the CF intestine.
An autoranging scanning system and compatible methods of noise reduction (1974)

We have designed and constructed an autoranging scanning system to digitize the output of an infrared spectrometer and record it on magnetic tape. This system automatically scales the input signal, whose amplitude may range over ratios of 2000 to 1, to give a signal between 0.25 and 0.90 multiplied by an appropriate factor. Four noise reduction techniques compatible with the autoranging feature have been implemented. Two are a part of the electronic system itself and two utilize the computer in data processing. In particular, smoothing of data by least squares convoluting numbers and co-addition (addition of corresponding points) of spectral scans over the same region give definite advantages when compared to narrow band amplifier methods in distinguishing and measuring real features with intensities of the order of the noise background of the system. The methods described have general applicability to scanning systems in which the profile of the curve generated is the important measurement.
Seeking Heteroatom-Rich Compounds: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies into Iron Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Silanes (2020)

A detailed synthetic investigation into the dehydrocoupling of silanes with amines, phosphines, and alcohols using an iron precatalyst (1) is presented. We have furnished over 30 examples of aminosilane synthesis along with kinetic studies using MeBnNH and MePhSiH2 as coupling partners. The kinetic studies suggest a reversible reaction with silane which generates aminosilane and an Fe-hydride dimer that undergoes rate-limiting protonolysis with amine with N–H bond cleavage in the transition state, consistent with a primary KIE of 2.42(3). The presence of dimers as on-cycle intermediates was analyzed in depth. Beyond this we have explored the substrate scope of phosphinosilane formation which shows a preferential heterodehydrocoupling to give the phosphinosilane with primary and secondary silanes. Silylethers can also be prepared and alcohols that contain alkene functionality do not show any tendency to reduce the double bond.
Preparation of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Yb,Er Infrared-to-Visible Conversion Phosphor Fine Particles Using an Emulsion Liquid Membrane System (2002)

Upconverting phosphor fine particles (Y2O3:Yb,Er) have been prepared, using an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM, water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion) system, consisting of Span 83 (sorbitan sesquioleate) as the surfactant and VA-10 (2-methyl-2-ethylheptanoic acid), DTMBPA (bis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phosphinic acid), or Cyanex272 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpenthyl)phosphinic acid) as the extractant (cation carrier). The Y, Yb, and Er ions were extracted, from the external water phase, and stripped into the internal water phase, to make precursor composite oxalate particles. The precursor particles obtained in the VA-10 system were mainly 20−60 nm in size, together with a smaller amount of submicron-sized spherical particle, and were much smaller than those prepared in homogeneous aqueous solution (1−10 μm in size). The molar composition of the particles, {M/(Y+Yb+Er)}p (M = Yb or Er), prepared in the VA-10 and DTMBPA systems, was almost proportional to that of the feed external solution, {M/(Y+Yb+Er)}f. Calcination of the composite Y−Yb−Er oxalate particles obtained in the VA-10 system produced Y2O3:Yb,Er particles about 50 nm in size. The aggregation of the oxide primary particles was found to be suppressed by increasing the surfactant concentration in the VA-10 system. The Y2O3:Yb,Er particles demonstrated an upconversion emission at 662 nm, by infrared excitation (λex = 960 nm). At an external feed aqueous solution of {Yb/(Y+Yb+Er)}f = 0.08, {Er/(Y+Yb+Er)}f = 0.01, the 662 nm emission peak intensity reached a maximum value. The present upconverting phosphor fine particles, about 50 nm in diameter, may be applied to the reporters in immunoassays or DNA assays.
Sequence specificity of DNA cleavage by bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I) (1988)

The bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I) complex is a relatively simple molecule previously shown to cause DNA cleavage with a strong preference for gene control regions such as the Pribnow box. Sequence level mapping of sites of [(Phen)2CuI]+ cleavage in greater than 2000 bases in histone genes and the plasmid pUC9 showed that the specificity for control regions is related to a predominant preference for minor groove binding at TAT triplets, which were cleaved most strongly at the adenosine sugar ring. The related sequences TGT, TAAT, TAGPy, and CAGT (Py = pyrimidine) were moderately preferred, while CAT and TAC triplets, PyPuPuPu quartets, PuPuPuPy quartets, and CG-rich PyPuPuPy quartets were cleaved with low to average frequency. Polypurine and polypyrimidine sequences were cleaved with low frequency. The sequence preferences of [(Phen)2CuI]+ can be ascribed predominantly to (i) a requirement for binding in the minor groove at a pyrimidine 3'----5' step and (ii) stereoelectronic effects of the 2-amino group of guanine in the minor groove, which inhibit binding. Although the reagent appears primarily to recognize sequence features at the triplet or quartet level, lower than expected cleavage was observed for two TAT sequences adjacent to several other preferred sequences and higher than expected cleavage was observed at CAAGC sequences, suggesting that longer range sequence-dependent DNA conformational effects influence specificity in certain cases.