gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel AlInAs/InP HEMT (1990)

The fabrication of the first AlInAs/InP HEMT is reported. This device has extrinsic transconductance of 40mS/mm, gate-drain and drain-source breakdown voltages of 20 V and saturation drain current densities of 0.1 A/mm of gate width. These preliminary results show the potential of the AIInAs/InP heterojunctions for a wide variety of application including microwave power HEMTs.
Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of Apobec-1-mediated C-to-U RNA editing in mouse small intestine and liver (2014)

Abstract Background RNA editing encompasses a post-transcriptional process in which the genomically templated sequence is enzymatically altered and introduces a modified base into the edited transcript. Mammalian C-to-U RNA editing represents a distinct subtype of base modification, whose prototype is intestinal apolipoprotein B mRNA, mediated by the catalytic deaminase Apobec-1. However, the genome-wide identification, tissue-specificity and functional implications of Apobec-1-mediated C-to-U RNA editing remain incompletely explored. Results Deep sequencing, data filtering and Sanger-sequence validation of intestinal and hepatic RNA from wild-type and Apobec -1-deficient mice revealed 56 novel editing sites in 54 intestinal mRNAs and 22 novel sites in 17 liver mRNAs, all within 3′ untranslated regions. Eleven of 17 liver RNAs shared editing sites with intestinal RNAs, while 6 sites are unique to liver. Changes in RNA editing lead to corresponding changes in intestinal mRNA and protein levels for 11 genes. Analysis of RNA editing in vivo following tissue-specific Apobec-1 adenoviral or transgenic Apobec-1 overexpression reveals that a subset of targets identified in wild-type mice are restored in Apobec -1-deficient mouse intestine and liver following Apobec-1 rescue. We find distinctive polysome profiles for several RNA editing targets and demonstrate novel exonic editing sites in nuclear preparations from intestine but not hepatic apolipoprotein B RNA. RNA editing is validated using cell-free extracts from wild-type but not Apobec -1-deficient mice, demonstrating that Apobec-1 is required. Conclusions These studies define selective, tissue-specific targets of Apobec-1-dependent RNA editing and show the functional consequences of editing are both transcript- and tissue-specific.
Caractérisation de la propriété de la protéine ZEBRA du virus Epstein-Barr à pénétrer dans les cellules (2010)

The basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcriptional activator ZEBRA of the Epstein - Barr virus was recently shown to cross the outer membrane of live cells and to accumulate in the nucleus of lymphocytes. During this PhD study, I investigated the potential application of ZEBRA as a transporter protein to facilitate transduction of cargo proteins. The analysis of different truncated forms of ZEBRA revealed that the minimal domain (MD) required for internalization was spanning residues 178-220. The MD efficiently transported reporter proteins, such as EGFP and β-galactosidase, into several normal and tumor cell lines. Functionality of internalized cargo proteins was confirmed by β-galactosidase activity in transduced cells, and no MD-associated cell toxicity was detected. Translocation of MD through the cell membrane required binding to cell surface associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans as shown by strong inhibition of protein uptake in presence of heparin. Furthermore, internalization was blocked at 4 °C, whereas no ATP was required as witnessed by an only 25 % decreased uptake efficiency in energy-depleted cells. Common endocytotic inhibitors had no significant impact on MD-EGFP uptake. Only methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) inhibited MD-EGFP uptake by 40 % indicating the implication of the lipid raft mediated endocytotic pathway. These data suggest that ZEBRA-MD-reporter protein transduction occurs mostly via direct translocation through the cell membrane and not by endocytosis. Tissue distribution of ZEBRA-MD-EGFP or ZEBRA-MD-β-galactosidase was analyzed after administration into mice. ZEBRA coupled reporter proteins were found in single cells of various tissues contrary to application of EGFP and β-galactosidase alone. In addition, the cell penetrating sequence of ZEBRA (MD) was fused to anti-tumor protein IL-24/MDA-7. Induced cell death after successful internalization of MD-IL-24/MDA-7 was proven by the cleavage of apoptosis specific caspases without showing difference between normal and tumor breast cells. The mechanism of MD-mediated internalization is suitable for the efficient delivery of biologically active proteins.
Dermi: a new distributed hash table-based middleware framework (2004)

We disscus about Dermi: a new distributed hash table-based middleware framework. Decentralized event remote method invocation (Dermi) is a peer-to-peer (P2P), decentralized event-based object middleware framework built on top of a structured overlay network. Using an event-notification service as the principal building block, Dermi makes three innovative contributions: P2P call abstractions, distributed interception, and a decentralized object-location service. We describe how to use these three pillars to build a wide variety of global-scale distributed applications and argue that Dermi is a solid foundational technology for future wide-area distributed component infrastructures.
Observation on the synthesis of allenes by homologation of alk-1-ynes (1984)

An investigation is reported on the homologation of alk-1-ynes to allenes by the cuprous bromide-catalyzed reaction with formaldehyde and di-isopropylamine, including extension to an aromatic acetylene and a diacetylene. Optimization of yields was studied. A mechanism is proposed involving an intermediate hydrido-cuprate species derived from a 1:1 Mannich base–cuprous bromide π-complex. The mechanism is supported by labelling experiments and observed substituent effects.
Energy efficiency of error correcting mechanisms for wireless communication (1998)

We consider the energy efficiency of error control mechanisms for wireless communication. Since high error rates are inevitable to the wireless environment, energy efficient error control is an important issue for mobile computing systems. Although good designed retransmission schemes can be optimal with respect to energy efficiency, they can introduce problems to fulfill the required QoS of an application. Since the channel conditions and the requirements vary dynamically, we concentrate on adaptive implementations of error correction mechanisms. Error correction mechanisms traditionally optimize the performance and provide an optimal solution to withstand all possible errors. In the context of energy consumption we have studied the energy efficiency of three different error correction mechanisms and have implemented these in software. We show that the energy efficiency trade-off between error correction and communication can have a great impact on the energy efficiency of a system. It will be shown that from energy efficiency perspective it is not always profitable to minimize the number of bits transmitted over the air. A general strategy will be provided that can be used to determine an energy efficient error correction scheme of a minimal system consisting of a general-purpose processor and a wireless interface. As an example we have investigated a system with a WaveLAN card as wireless interface.
Vertical variation of reflectivity and specificattenuation in stratiform and convective rainstorms (1999)

Radar reflectivity Z and rain specific attenuation are normally assumed to be constant with height in radiowave propagation models for Earth-space communications. The authors analyse the vertical variation of these two parameters in stratiform and convective precipitation using data from the 3 GHz Chilbolton Advanced Meteorological Radar (CAMRa).
Localized quantum walks as secured quantum memory (2015)

We show that a quantum walk process can be used to construct and secure quantum memory. More precisely, we show that a localized quantum walk with temporal disorder can be engineered to store the information of a single, unknown qubit on a compact position space and faithfully recover it on demand. Since the localization occurss with a finite spread in position space, the stored information of the qubit will be naturally secured from the simple eavesdropper. Our protocol can be adopted to any quantum system for which experimental control over quantum walk dynamics can be achieved.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Using Ultrasound Decorrelation Analysis (2016)

It is possible to noninvasively diagnose bladder outlet obstruction using the ultrasound decorrelation technique.
Equalization and Cancellation Theory of Binaural Masking-Level Differences (1963)

In this paper, a quantitative “black-box” model is developed for use in interpreting certain data on binaural-masking-level differences. The basic idea of this model is that the auditory system attempts to eliminate the masking components by first transforming the stimuli presented to the two ears so as to equalize the two masking components, and then subtracting. In order to obtain results that are quantitatively realistic, this processing is assumed to be corrupted by various types of errors. The model is applied to data in which the signal to be detected consists of a pulsed tone, the masking signal consists of loud, broad-band, Gaussian noise, and the only differences between the stimuli presented to the two ears are those of time delay or amplitude (the interaural amplitude ratios being restricted to unity or zero). The results indicate that the ability of the auditory. system to control interaural intensity ratios and interaural time delays is limited to accuracies of about 1 dB and 150 μsec and that the auditory system has difficulty in compensating for interaural time delays greater than the time it takes for sound to travel a distance equal to the width of the head.
Application of Image Processing and Three‐Dimensional Data Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Traffic Video in Vehicle Component Detection (2017)

Vehicle detection is one of the important technologies in intelligent video surveillance systems. Owing to the perspective projection imaging principle of cameras, traditional two‐dimensional (2D) images usually distort the size and shape of vehicles. In order to solve these problems, the traffic scene calibration and inverse projection construction methods are used to project the three‐dimensional (3D) information onto the 2D images. In addition, a vehicle target can be characterized by several components, and thus vehicle detection can be fulfilled based on the combination of these components. The key characteristics of vehicle targets are distinct during a single day; for example, the headlight brightness is more significant at night, while the vehicle taillight and license plate color are much more prominent in the daytime. In this paper, by using the background subtraction method and Gaussian mixture model, we can realize the accurate detection of target lights at night. In the daytime, however, the detection of the license plate and taillight of a vehicle can be fulfilled by exploiting the background subtraction method and the Markov random field, based on the spatial geometry relation between the corresponding components. Further, by utilizing Kalman filters to follow the vehicle tracks, detection accuracy can be further improved. Finally, experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Code book cipher system (1994)

A new system is proposed to enhance the security of a stream ciphering algorithm that is based on non-linear J-K flip flop networks (Pless's system). The new system incorporates a multiplexing algorithm with a Pseudorandom Number Generator (PNG) to generate a random sequence that is totally independent of the corresponding input sequence. This multiplexing algorithm can be achieved by using a 32 MByte Random Access Memory (RAM) code book filled with random sequences where the (25 bit) input sequence will specify the address of the output bytes. Although the RAM code book algorithm is very secure, another level of complexity is added using a non-linear arithmetic operation at the output stage where the message text (400 bits) will be added to a (320 bits) random key and then evaluated for a (320 bits) random base. Both, key and base, are generated by the code book which has a period of 10E110. The overall system is considered an NP-complete problem and it is very secure under plain-text attack.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diffusion anisotropy MRI for quantitative assessment of recovery in injured rat spinal cord (2001)

Spinal cord injury and its devastating consequences are the subject of intensive research aimed at reversing or at least minimizing functional loss. Research efforts focus on either attenuating the post-injury spread of damage (secondary degeneration) or inducing some regeneration. In most of these studies, as well as in clinical situations, evaluation of the state of the injured spinal cord poses a serious difficulty. To address this problem, we carried out a diffusion-weighted MRI experiment and developed an objective routine for quantifying anisotropy in injured rat spinal cords. Rats were subjected to a contusive injury of the spinal cord caused by a controlled weight drop. Untreated control rats were compared with rats treated with T cells specific to the central nervous system self-antigen myelin basic protein, a form of therapy recently shown to be neuroprotective. After the rats were killed their excised spinal cords were fixed in formalin and imaged by multislice spin echo MRI, using two orthogonal diffusion gradients. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and anisotropy ratio (AI) maps were extracted on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The calculated sum of AI values (SAI) for each slice was defined as a parameter representing the total amount of anisotropy. The mean-AI and SAI values increased gradually with the distance from the site of the lesion. At the site itself, the mean-AI and SAI values were significantly higher in the spinal cords of the treated animals than in the controls (P = 0.047, P = 0.028, respectively). These values were consistent with the score of functional locomotion. The difference was also manifested in the AI maps, which revealed well-organized neural structure in the treated rats but not in the controls. The SAI values, AI histograms, and AI maps proved to be useful parameters for quantifying injury and recovery in an injured spinal cord. These results encourage the development of diffusion anisotropy MRI as a helpful approach for quantifying the extent of secondary degeneration and measuring recovery after spinal cord injury. Magn Reson Med 45:1-9, 2001.
Nonlinear Properties of Circular Orifices (1957)

The results of an experimental study of the nonlinear fluid flow properties of thin, square-edged, circular orifices are described. Liquids are used at low frequencies. The flow conditions considered are a sinusoidal oscillation of the fluid in the orifice and a sinusoidal oscillation with a steady component added. It is found that for the sinusoidal flow condition the pressure differential developed across the orifice contains higher odd harmonics. The addition of a steady flow component adds even harmonics to the pressure as well as influences the magnitude of the odd harmonics. In this case the steady pressure component is a function of the magnitude of both the sinusoidal and steady flow components. (This work was supported by the Office of Ordnance Research, Department of the Army, under Contract No. DA-23-072-ORD-583.)
Pache: A Packet Management Scheme of Cache in Data Center Networks (2019)

The communication traffic among servers is a principal bottleneck for data center networks (DCNs), in which redundant traffic has a significant impact on the performance of DCNs. In this paper, we propose Pache, a distributed and efficient cache scheme to achieve traffic redundancy elimination in DCNs. In Pache, nodes cache packets to reduce bandwidth consumption and gain performance revenue. Each cache node manages the local cache and improves cache efficiency with counting bloom filter, hash table and Trie. Each cache node broadcasts the local cache information by a bloom filter to other servers, and servers have cache information tables (cache-table) to record them, which achieves a cache sharing mechanism. Moreover, Pache employs false positive information table (fp-table) to reduce the false positive rate caused by bloom filters. A server determines an original packet or the corresponding fingerprint packet to send by querying cache-table and fp-table. Cache node placement mechanism is also designed to select which node to cache a packet. For evaluating the performance of Pache, we execute extensive simulations and conduct a case study on Amazon EC2 platform from different aspects. The results show that Pache can eliminate about 40 percent redundant traffic on average, and only increase 10 percent runtime, and it is also a scalable and feasible cache scheme in DCNs.
Investigation of Circular and Shaped Effusion Cooling Arrays for Combustor Liner Application—Part 1: Experimental Analysis (2009)

An experimental analysis of two different effusion cooled plates, with a feasible arrangement for combustor liner application, is presented in this paper. Though having the same porosity and very shallow injection angle (17 deg), the first configuration presents a “standard” circular drilling (D = 2.65 mm; L/D = 16.4), while the other has “shaped” holes with such an elliptical cross-section that leads to a circular imprint on the cooled surface (Dh = 3.39 mm; L/Dh = 12.8). Either geometry is to be studied on two different samples made of both an adiabatic and a high conductivity material. Tests performed on the adiabatic plates were required to obtain adiabatic effectiveness bidimensional distributions; a full 3D FEM post-processing procedure for the evaluation of the remnant and undesired heat fluxes across the surface was employed as well. Objective of the tests carried out on the conductive samples, having the same flow parameters as the adiabatic ones, was the estimation of overall efficiency, given by the combined effect of film protection and heat removal by convection inside the holes. Hot gas side heat transfer coefficient spanwise averaged values have been evaluated employing the outcome of both adiabatic and conductive tests. Experimental measurements were performed imposing two different coolant jet Reynolds numbers, 12500 and 20000, and varying blowing ratio from 5.0 to 9.0; effectiveness was evaluated with a steady-state technique, using TLC (Thermochromic Liquid Crystals) wide band formulation. Results reveal that the reduced coolant jet penetration achievable by means of shaped configuration leads to an increased wall protection in terms of both peak and spanwise averaged values, even if circular holes guarantee a more uniform effectiveness distribution.
A Biomechanical Analysis of Articular Cartilage of the Human Elbow and a Potential Relationship to Osteochondritis Dissecans (1994)

A cadaveric study of the articular surfaces of the radiocapitellar joint was undertaken to identify a biomechanical mechanism of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. The articulating radial head and capitellum of fresh anatomic specimens were dissected and tested for intrinsic mechanical properties. Significant differences exist in the mechanical properties and thickness of cartilage topographically in the capitellum and radial head, and between the two surfaces. The medial portion of the radial head is the softest of all radiocapitellar osteochondral segments tested. Comparing medial to lateral sites of the capitellum, there is a trend of decreased stiffness; lateral segments are softer than medial ones. The central section of the radial head is significantly stiffer than the lateral capitellum. There is no significant difference between the stiffness of the radial head sites and the medial capitellum. The disparity in the mechanical properties of the central radial head and lateral capitellum would increase strain in the lateral capitellum. During high-valgus stress activities such as throwing, this increased strain may be a factor in the initiation and localization of the dissecans lesion observed in osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow.
The preparation of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylpentane (1942)

Report presenting seven distinct operations in the preparation of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane, including the preparation of di-isobutylene hydrochloride, preparation of dimethylzinc, reaction of dimethylzinc in dry benzene with di-isobutylene hydrochloride, preliminary distillation of the reaction products, treatment of the first distillate with sodium and alcohol, final distillation after appropriate washing of the products, and recovery of the iodine in the zinc residues of II as methyl iodide.
Flexure Systems based on a Symmetric Diaphragm Flexure (2014)

This paper presents a symmetric diaphragm flexure as an improvement over the conventional design, which suffers from parasitic error motions. Tradeoffs in the performance of diaphragm flexure geometries are discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. Variations of the proposed geometry are suggested to increase range of motion and tailor the mechanism&apos;s Center of Stiffness. The symmetric diaphragm flexure is used as a building block to construct other flexure systems such as flexible couplings and linear bearings. A linear force-displacement model for a curved beam is presented that allows analytical prediction and evaluation of the proposed flexure systems.
Photobleaching Effects on Radiation-Induced Loss for Silica Glass Image Fiber (1987)

The photobleaching effect (annealing effect on light absorption by light energy) on silica glass image fiber was investigated. We evaluated photobleaching characteristics using He-Cd laser, a xenon lamp, and a D2 lamp as photobleaching light sources. Fibers were irradiated at two levels of dosage, 300 rad/h and 104 rad/h. The thermal effect on photobleaching was also evaluated by comparing the effect at 28°C and that at 70°C. The investigations demonstrated the superiority of the xenon lamp and thermal dependency of photobleaching. Furthermore through xenon lamp bleaching, we have succeeded in elongating the usable life span of image fiber in a 300-rad/h gammaray environment to more than five times that for nonbleached fiber.
Comparison of Myoglobins from Harbor Seal, Porpoise, and Sperm Whale (1968)

A rapid and simple procedure for the preparation of sperm whale ferrimyoglobin is described. The method involves homogenization in 70% saturated ammonium sulfate at 4° and chromatography on carboxymethyl Sephadex. The major component was judged to be homogeneous by electrophoresis at two pH values and by analytical chromatography on sulfoethyl Sephadex at a third pH value. The method has also been utilized to prepare electrophoretically pure myoglobin from harbor seal and porpoise. The amino acid composition and amino-terminal end groups of harbor seal and porpoise myoglobin have been determined, and the results compared with sperm whale myoglobin. Each protein was found to possess 153 amino acid residues with a single amino-terminal end group. Both harbor seal and porpoise myoglobins have glycine as the amino-terminal residue, in contrast to the sperm whale protein, which contains a single residue of valine. The amino acid compositions indicate a close similarity among all three myoglobins and suggest that only a limited number of amino acid substitutions in the primary structure differentiates the three proteins. The molar extinction coefficients and the reduced mean residue rotation at 233 mµ were found to be essentially identical in the three myoglobins, indicating that the three-dimensional structure in solution is probably very nearly identical for sperm whale, harbor seal, and porpoise ferrimyoglobins.