gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transdermal Detection of Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide (2016)

We report here a novel approach to measure circulating hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) non‐invasively as a potential way to diagnose and monitor endothelial dysfunction and peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is a life‐threatening condition caused by arterial constriction and obstruction of blood flow leading to limb ischemia. Current methods to diagnose and monitor PAD lack sensitivity, result in frequent false‐negatives, and require specialized technicians. Recent studies indicate that decreased H 2 S production is an underlying cause of PAD. In addition, reduced plasma H 2 S correlates with endothelial dysfunction in untreated hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea and other cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, excess H 2 S is cytotoxic causing irreversible damage to mitochondrial function. Therefore, careful monitoring of plasma H 2 S levels is essential to diagnose and treat vascular disease and to prevent H 2 S toxicity. This device was designed to measure H 2 S at the surface of the skin to test the hypothesis that the diffusion rate (and therefore gas phase concentration) of H 2 S is directly proportional to the concentration of H 2 S in the blood. Our results demonstrate that the device is sensitive enough to detect H 2 S at 10 part per billion (ppb) or lower in gas standards and in the headspace of a 3 nM solution of Na 2 S (H 2 S donor). In vitro studies used excised rat skin superfused on the subcutaneous surface with a H 2 S solution. H 2 S was detected in a stream of N 2 gas flowing through a sealed chamber on the epidermal side both by GC/MS measurement and with the sensor only when the superfusing solution contained an H 2 S donor demonstrating that H 2 S diffuses through the skin. The diffusion rate of H 2 S through excised abdominal skin from a male Sprague‐Dawley rat is approximately 1.42×10 −9 μmol/s/cm 2 /μM. The device also detected increases in H 2 S on the skin surface in anesthetized rats within seconds of intra‐venous injection of Na 2 S at doses that caused a fall in arterial pressure, with an estimated average diffusion rate of 4×10 −8 μmol/s/cm 2 /μM. Therefore, this noninvasive, highly‐sensitive and portable device has the potential to transform diagnosis and monitoring of early stage PAD and to monitor H 2 S biosynthesis or exposure in vivo .
Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation of p38 MAPK Is GRK3- and Arrestin-dependent in Neurons and Astrocytes (2006)

AtT-20 cells expressing the wild-type kappa opioid receptor (KOR) increased phospho-p38 MAPK following treatment with the kappa agonist U50,488. The increase was blocked by the kappa antagonist norbinaltorphimine and not evident in untransfected cells. In contrast, U50,488 treatment of AtT-20 cells expressing KOR having alanine substituted for serine-369 (KSA) did not increase phospho-p38. Phosphorylation of serine 369 in the KOR carboxyl terminus by G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) was previously shown to be required for receptor desensitization, and the results suggest that p38 MAPK activation by KOR may require arrestin recruitment. This hypothesis was tested by transfecting arrestin3-(R170E), a dominant positive form of arrestin that does not require receptor phosphorylation for activation. AtT-20 cells expressing both KSA and arrestin3-(R170E) responded to U50,488 treatment with an increase in phospho-p38 consistent with the hypothesis. Primary cultured astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive) and neurons (gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive) isolated from mouse striata also responded to U50,488 by increasing phospho-p38 immunolabeling. p38 activation was not evident in either striatal astrocytes or neurons isolated from KOR knock-out mice or GRK3 knock-out mice. Astrocytes pretreated with small interfering RNA for arrestin3 were also unable to activate p38 in response to U50,488 treatment. Furthermore, in striatal neurons, the kappa-mediated phospho-p38 labeling was colocalized with arrestin3. These findings suggest that KOR may activate p38 MAPK in brain by a GRK3 and arrestin-dependent mechanism.
A monolithic image sensor for a reading aid for the blind (1970)

A compact optical-tactile reading aid that allows a blind person immediate access to virtually all printed reading material used by sighted people has been developed. A singular feature of this instrument is a silicon monolithic image-sensing array that serves as the "retina" of the reading aid: signals from the retina are used to control an array of piezoelectric stimulators that form tactile images of printed characters. The image sensor consists of a 24×6 matrix of bipolar phototransistors integrated on a chip approximately 3×5 mm in size, and is designed on the basis of electrical, optical, psychological, and psychophysical considerations. The column-isolated structure incorporates a 2 to 1 aspect ratio to provide sufficient resolution and field of view for unambiguous letter-by-letter detection using a minimum number of sensor elements. A one-dimensional scanning technique minimizes fixed pattern noise and reduces the complexity of the total system. The individual 150×300 µm photosensing elements are optimized for maximum responsivity, uniformity, and dynamic range. The doping profile, featuring a 2 µm base depth and 12 µm epitaxial thickness, is based on spectral response and on a detailed electrical analysis of array operation. Output nonuniformity is minimized, and electrical crosstalk is virtually eliminated by designing for h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FE</inf> ≥ 200 and C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TC</inf> /C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TE</inf> ≥ 5. Array performance correlates well with the predicted characteristics and has led to improved reading speeds greater than 50 words per minute.
MMP–2 and MMP–9—Investigations in Neuropathic Pain Phases (2008)

Management of neuropathic pain is a real clinical challenge. Current treatments focus on blocking neurotransmission and do not differentiate between different phases of neuropathic pain pathophysiology. The authors have recently shown that nerve-injury-induced neuropathic pain development requires matrix metalloprotease-9 and -2 (MMP-9 and MMP-2) in the early and late phase, respectively. Inhibition of MMP-9 or MMP-2 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain at different phases.
Induction of the Arginine Decarboxylase <i>ADC2</i> Gene Provides Evidence for the Involvement of Polyamines in the Wound Response in Arabidopsis (2002)

Polyamines are small ubiquitous molecules that have been involved in nearly all developmental processes, including the stress response. Nevertheless, no direct evidence of a role of polyamines in the wound response has been described. We have studied the expression of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis in response to mechanical injury. An increase in the expression of the arginine decarboxylase 2 (ADC2) gene in response to mechanical wounding and methyl jasmonate (JA) treatment in Arabidopsis was detected by using DNA microarray and RNA gel-blot analysis. No induction was observed for the ADC1 gene or other genes coding for spermidine and spermine synthases, suggesting that ADC2 is the only gene of polyamine biosynthesis involved in the wounding response mediated by JA. A transient increase in the level of free putrescine followed the increase in the mRNA level for ADC2. A decrease in the level of free spermine, coincident with the increase in putrescine after wounding, was also observed. Abscisic acid effected a strong induction on ADC2 expression and had no effect on ADC1 expression. Wound-induction of ADC2 mRNA was not prevented in the JA-insensitive coi1 mutant. The different pattern of expression of ADC2 gene in wild-type and coi1 mutant might be due to the dual regulation of ADC2 by abscisic acid and JA signaling pathways. This is the first direct evidence of a function of polyamines in the wound-response, and it opens a new aspect of polyamines in plant biology.
Hybrid Fuel Cell Gas Turbine System Design and Optimization for SOFC (2010)

Fuel Cell–Gas Turbine (FC-GT) hybrid technology portends a significant breakthrough in electrical generation. Hybrid systems reach unprecedented high efficiencies, above 70% LHV in some instances, with little to no pollution, and great scalability. This work investigates two high temperature fuel cell types with potential for hybrid application ranging from distributed generation to central plant scales; sub MW to 100MW. A new library of dynamic model components was developed and used to conceptualize and test several hybrid cycle configurations. This paper outlines a methodology for optimal scaling of balance of plant components used in any particular hybrid system configuration to meet specified design conditions. The optimization strategy is constrained to meet component performance limitations and incorporates dynamic testing and controllability analysis. This study investigates seven different design parameters and confirms that systems requiring less cathode recirculation and producing a greater portion of the total power in the fuel cell achieve higher efficiencies. Design choices that develop operation of the fuel cell at higher voltages increase efficiency, often at the cost of lower power density and greater stack size and cost. This work finds existing SOFC technology can be integrated with existing gas turbine and steam turbine technology in a hybrid system approaching 75% fuel to electricity conversion efficiency in optimized FC-GT hybrid configurations.
Plasma deposition of low-dielectric-constant fluorinated amorphous carbon (1999)

Fluorinated amorphous carbon thin films (a-C:F) for use as low-dielectric-constant interlayer dielectrics are deposited by helicon-wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. To improve their thermal stability, the feasibility of adjusting the fluorine-to-carbon (F/C) ratio by changing the deposition pressure was investigated. Decreasing the pressure increased the dissociation of a source fluorocarbon material in the plasma and decreased the F/C ratio of the deposited film. Both the thermal stability and the dielectric constant of the a-C:F films were increased as the F/C ratio was decreased. Thus, there is a tradeoff relationship between a low dielectric constant and high thermal stability and the tradeoff could be optimized by the pressure during deposition. The mechanism of the pressure dependency of the dielectric constant of a-C:F films was investigated by quantifying the contribution of each polarization and found that a decrease in the dielectric constant of a-C:F films can be attributed to decreases in the orientational and electronic polarizations.
Carbon to Diamond: An Incident Remediation Assistant System From Site Reliability Engineers' Conversations in Hybrid Cloud Operations (2020)

Conversational channels are changing the landscape of hybrid cloud service management. These channels are becoming important avenues for Site Reliability Engineers (SREs) %Subject Matter Experts (SME) to collaboratively work together to resolve an incident or issue. Identifying segmented conversations and extracting key insights or artefacts from them can help engineers to improve the efficiency of the incident remediation process by using information retrieval mechanisms for similar incidents. However, it has been empirically observed that due to the semi-formal behavior of such conversations (human language) they are very unique in nature and also contain lot of domain-specific terms. This makes it difficult to use the standard natural language processing frameworks directly, which are popularly used in standard NLP tasks. %It is important to identify the correct keywords and artefacts like symptoms, issue etc., present in the conversation chats. In this paper, we build a framework that taps into the conversational channels and uses various learning methods to (a) understand and extract key artefacts from conversations like diagnostic steps and resolution actions taken, and (b) present an approach to identify past conversations about similar issues. Experimental results on our dataset show the efficacy of our proposed method.
Environmental Parameters Affecting Dark Response of Rice Seedlings (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) to Triacontanol (1978)

Triacontanol applied to IR-8 rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings in nutrient solution caused an increase in dry weight during a 6-hour dark period. This increase was altered by atmospheric CO(2) and O(2) concentrations. The largest growth response occurred from 200 to 350 muliters/liter CO(2) with 5% O(2). The treated seedlings did not fix atmospheric CO(2) in the dark, and the immediate products of photosynthesis were not involved in the dry weight increase. The growth response was characterized by an increase in soluble and insoluble Kjeldahl-N, and soluble carbohydrates. The response curve for dry weight increase was a linear function of log presentation time of triacontanol. The response exhibited an apparent K(dose) of 25 minutes in 10 mug/liter triacontanol in the dark and 18 minutes in the light. Concentrations of 50 mug/liter and higher inhibited growth.
A teleoperated robotic hot stick platform for the overhead live powerline maintenance tasks (2019)

This paper presents a teleoperated robotic hot stick platform for the overhead live powerline maintenance tasks. It aims to simplify the teleoperated maintenance task operation procedures and promote the application of robotic technologies in the live powerline maintenance field. The robotic hot stick operation mechanism and the detailed teleoperated platform structure are presented. The overall control system architecture is discussed with several important control system features. A typical maintenance task process is demonstrated to further explain the proposed robotic operation mechanism. The robotic platform will improve the electricity grid efficiency, reduce human labor intensity, and most importantly ensure human operator safety. Future work will include robotic platform prototype development and specialized robotic hot stick tools experiment.
Minimisation of the maximum error signal in active control (2002)

This paper deals with multiple input multiple output systems for active control of acoustic signals. These systems are used when the acoustic field is complex and therefore a number of sensors are necessary to estimate the sound field and a number of sources to create the cancelling field. A steepest descent iterative algorithm is applied to minimise the p-norm of a vector composed by the output signals of a microphone array. The existing algorithms deal with the 2-norm of this vector. This paper describes a general framework that covers the existing systems and then it focuses on the /spl infin/-norm minimisation algorithm. The minimax algorithm based on the /spl infin/-norm minimises the output signal which has the greatest power. It is shown by means of simulations using measured data from a real room that the minimax algorithm leads to a more uniform final noise field than the existing algorithms.
Rheological, thermal, and morphological properties of low‐density polyethylene/ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene/ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene blends (2012)

Abstract The dynamic rheological behavior of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blends and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/UHMWPE blends was measured in a parallel‐plate rheometer at 180, 190, and 200°C. Analysis of the log–additivity rule, Cole–Cole plots, Han curves, and Van Gurp curves of the LDPE/UHMWPE blends indicated that the blends were miscible in the melt. In contrast, the rheological properties of LLDPE/UHMWPE showed that the miscibility of the blends was decided by the composition of LLDPE. The differential scanning calorimetry results and scanning electron microscopy photos of the LLDPE/UHMWPE blends were consistent with the rheological properties, whereas with regard to the thermal and morphological properties of LDPE/UHMWPE blends, the results reveal three endothermic peaks and phase separation, which indicated a liquid–solid phase separation in the LDPE/UHMWPE blends. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
X-ray photoemission spectroscopy studies of Sn-doped indium-oxide films (1977)

The In and Sn 3d3/2 and 3d5/2 ESCA peaks and the oxygen 1s peak of Sn-doped In2O3 films were compared with those for In2O3 films and In2O3, SnO, SnO2, and Sn3O4 powders. Comparison of as-grown with sanded surfaces revealed Sn-rich surface layers in.those films having good optical and transport properties. These experimental fins are interpreted with a schematic energy-band model and the assumption that film darkening in Sn-doped In2O3 films is caused by the formation and growth of an Sn3O4-like second phase in the bulk. Suppression of these phase could be accomplished by higher substrate temperatures, which permit equilibrium conditions to be attained. Sn-rich phases to migrate to the films surface, and the tine disproportionates to Sn2+ and Sn4+ ions.
Monocytes/macrophages and sepsis (2005)

Critical Care Medicine: December 2005 - Volume 33 - Issue 12 - p S506-S509 doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000185502.21012.37
Coinfection with the Intestinal Nematode<i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i>Markedly Reduces Hepatic Egg-Induced Immunopathology and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mouse Models of Severe Schistosomiasis (2008)

Infection with the trematode helminth Schistosoma mansoni results in a parasite egg-induced, CD4 T-cell-mediated, hepatointestinal granulomatous and fibrosing inflammation that varies greatly in severity, with a higher frequency of milder forms typically occurring in regions where the disease is endemic. One possible explanation for this is that in these regions the degree of inflammation is lessened by widespread concurrent infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. We tested this hypothesis by establishing a murine coinfection model in which mice were infected with the intestinal nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus prior to infection with S. mansoni. In CBA mice that naturally display a severe form of schistosomiasis, preinfection with H. polygyrus resulted in a marked reduction in schistosome egg-induced hepatic immunopathology, which was associated with significant decreases in the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1beta and with increases in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta in mesenteric lymph node cells, purified CD4 T cells, and isolated liver granuloma cells. There also were increases in liver Ym1 and forkhead box P3 transcription factor expression. In another model of high-pathology schistosomiasis induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with schistosome egg antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant, coinfection with the nematodes also resulted in a marked inhibition of hepatic immunopathology accompanied by similar shifts in cytokine production. These findings demonstrate that intestinal nematodes prevent Th1- and Th17-cell-mediated inflammation by promoting a strong Th2-polarized environment associated with increases in the levels of alternatively activated macrophages and T regulatory cells, which result in significant amelioration of schistosome-induced immunopathology.
Screening of Ligand Binding on Melatonin Receptor Using Non-Peptide Combinatorial Libraries (2000)

The screening of combinatorial libraries requires a deconvolution procedure to obtain, in fine, the most active compound of the starting library. The standard screening assays used in regular molecular pharmacology, have been poorly assessed when transposed to combinatorial chemistry-related experiments, particularly those involving large numbers of chemicals in a single assay. One key issue is the effect of the inactive analogs on the identification of the active ligand in mixtures. We chose melatonin receptors to measure the apparent affinity of a single ligand when tested alone or in mixtures of non-peptide low molecular weight compounds. Using ligands with IC50 from the micro- to the picomolar range, mixed with increasingly complex mixtures of 5 to 20 or 25 inactive compounds, we analyzed the displacements from the mt1 and MT2 melatonin receptor subtypes of the radioligand 2-iodomelatonin (KD= 25 pmol/l and 200 pmol/l, respectively) . The behavior of equimolar mixtures in displacement curves led to the conclusion that the observed binding affinity reflects the dilution effect of mixing the active component with inactive compounds but does not reveal noticeable interactions which would interfere with the binding process. From the practical point of view, the concentrations of the active species in the binding assay should be large enough to displace significantly the radioligand, a requirement which may be limited by the solubility of the ligand mixtures. In contrast, previous observations with peptide libraries report that the dilution effect is often compensated by additive or synergic action of structurally related analogs, thus making possible the deconvolution of very large (typically up to 10(7) compounds) peptide libraries.
Potent Inhibitory Effects of Resveratrol Derivatives on Progression of Prostate Cancer Cells. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A model for the mobility of single‐stranded DNA in capillary gel electrophoresis (1993)

The electrophoretic mobility of single-stranded DNA in denaturing polyacrylamide gel-filled capillaries is analyzed as a function of the applied electric field. The resultant mobility plots are complex functions of the fragment size and electric field. Traditionally, these plots are separated into three mobility regimens corresponding to Ogston sieving, reptation without stretching and reptation with stretching theories. However, none of these theories accurately models the variations in mobility that we observe with electric field strength. As a result, we propose a modification of the Ogston sieving theory which accounts for the stretching of migrating DNA molecules in the direction of the electric field. This theory assumes that the applied electric field in conjunction with the gel matrix distorts the DNA, altering the effective size of the migrating molecule. The stretched DNA offers a smaller cross-section to the gel pore and thus sieves as though it were a smaller molecule. In this modified Ogston theory, the electrophoretic mobility depends only on the applied electric field, the size of the fragment, and constants which are independent of size and field strength. The modified Ogston equation accurately predicts the mobilities of DNA fragments in all three mobility regimes, providing a single, simple model to account for all of the observed behavior.