gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Consensus: Dissecting Within-Host Viral Population Diversity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Using Next-Generation Genome Sequencing (2010)

The diverse sequences of viral populations within individual hosts are the starting material for selection and subsequent evolution of RNA viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) performed on a Genome Analyzer platform (Illumina), this study compared the viral populations within two bovine epithelial samples (foot lesions) from a single animal with the inoculum used to initiate experimental infection. Genomic sequences were determined in duplicate sequencing runs, and the consensus sequence of the inoculum determined by NGS was identical to that previously determined using the Sanger method. However, NGS revealed the fine polymorphic substructure of the viral population, from nucleotide variants present at just below 50% frequency to those present at fractions of 1%. Some of the higher-frequency polymorphisms identified encoded changes within codons associated with heparan sulfate binding and were present in both foot lesions, revealing intermediate stages in the evolution of a tissue culture-adapted virus replicating within a mammalian host. We identified 2,622, 1,434, and 1,703 polymorphisms in the inoculum and in the two foot lesions, respectively: most of the substitutions occurred in only a small fraction of the population and represented the progeny from recent cellular replication prior to onset of any selective pressures. We estimated the upper limit for the genome-wide mutation rate of the virus within a cell to be 7.8 × 10(-4) per nucleotide. The greater depth of detection achieved by NGS demonstrates that this method is a powerful and valuable tool for the dissection of FMDV populations within hosts.
OSI Systems Management, Internet SNMP and ODP/OMG CORBA as Technologies for Telecommunications Network Management (1999)

Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1) [X208] language. This is an abstract &quot;network&quot; data structuring language that supports simple and constructed types. A particularly important ASN.1 type is the Object Identifier (OID), which expresses a sequence of nonnegative integers on a global registration tree. OIDs are registered by standards bodies, for example ISO, ITUT and IETF, and are used instead of friendly string names to avoid ambiguities. For example, the OSI objectClass attribute name is registered as {joint-iso-ccitt(2) ms(9) smi(3) part2(2) attribute(7) objectClass(65)}. ASN.1 is used in both the OSI management and SNMP frameworks to specify the management protocol packets and the structure of managed object information, for example attributes, operation parameters / results and notification information.
Regionally-Specified Second Trimester Fetal Neural Stem Cells Reveals Differential Neurogenic Programming (2014)

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) have the potential for treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases such as Parkinson Disease and multiple sclerosis. Currently, NSC have been isolated only from hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain. It is not known whether NSC can be found in all parts of the developing mid-trimester central nervous system (CNS) when the brain undergoes massive transformation and growth. Multipotent NSC from the mid-trimester cerebra, thalamus, SVZ, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord can be derived and propagated as clonal neurospheres with increasing frequencies with increasing gestations. These NSC can undergo multi-lineage differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, and engraft in a developmental murine model. Regionally-derived NSC are phenotypically distinct, with hippocampal NSC having a significantly higher neurogenic potential (53.6%) over other sources (range of 0%-27.5%, p<0.004). Whole genome expression analysis showed differential gene expression between these regionally-derived NSC, which involved the Notch, epidermal growth factor as well as interleukin pathways. We have shown the presence of phenotypically-distinct regionally-derived NSC from the mid-trimester CNS, which may reflect the ontological differences occurring within the CNS. Aside from informing on the role of such cells during fetal growth, they may be useful for different cellular therapy applications.
Optical Fibre Signal Processing (1984)

The principle stimulus for fibre optic technology is undoubtably high capacity telecommunications links. However, optical fibre sensors are becoming an increasingly important subject, and it is probable that this will become an important aspect of transducer technology in the none too distant future. It is also conceivable that fibre optics will make a significant contribution to signal processing technologies, especially for high data rate systems. In this paper, we examine some of the underlying reasons why this may be so and present some examples of the simple processors which have been realised to date. There is a range of processing functions which it is apt for fibres to perform, which may be classified as tapped delay line and spatial processors. The technology is currently in its infancy, but may have much to offer for a wide range of applications.
Kinematic model and metrology system for modular robot calibration (2004)

In this paper, a metrology method is presented to calibrate modular robots. It is to perform metrology at the modular level and measure the kinematic parameters of each module so that the acquired information may be used for obtaining an "as built" model every time either a modular robot is reconfigured or maintenance has been made. Based on the product-of-exponentials formula and the modified dyad kinematics, two calibration models with or without the interface error compensation are proposed. The success of this method is based on two key technologies; the first key is an accurate and interchangeable standardized interface and the second key is to develop a state-of-the-art 3-D metrology system which is accurate, flexible, and easy to use. This paper presents these topics with kinematic models for modular robot calibration.
Evaluation of single-breath helium dilution total lung capacity in obstructive lung disease. (1984)

We examined the effect of obstructive lung disease on the single-breath helium dilution method of measuring total lung capacity (TLC). In test results of 79 patients, we found this dilution method underestimated the TLC determined by a radiographic method by a mean of 2.3% in normal subjects, 10.4% in patients with mild, 21.8% in those with moderate, and 38.0% in those with severe obstruction. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity was used to group the patients; the differences in the degree of underestimation of TLC between groups were significant (p less than 0.05). In addition, we found a strong correlation between the degree of underestimation of TLC by the helium method and the severity of obstruction when patients were considered as a continuous population. Using a regression equation based on this correlation, we derived a method for correcting the helium dilution TLC. This allows use of this test in patients whose obstructive disease would otherwise render it inaccurate.
Balneotherapy in dermatology (2003)

Balneotherapy and spa therapy emerged as an important treatment modality in the 1800s, first in Europe and then in the United States. Balneotherapy involves immersion of the patient in mineral water baths or pools. Today, water therapy is being practiced in many countries. Examples of unique and special places for balneotherapy are the Dead Sea in Israel, the Kangal hot spring in Turkey, and the Blue Lagoon in Iceland. Bathing in water with a high salt concentration is safe, effective, and pleasant for healing and recovery. This approach needs no chemicals or potentially harmful drugs. There are almost no side effects during and after treatment, and there is a very low risk to the patient's general health and well-being. Mineral waters and muds are commonly used for the treatment of various dermatologic conditions. The major dermatologic diseases that are frequently treated by balneotherapy with a high rate of success are psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The mechanisms by which broad spectrums of diseases are alleviated by spa therapy have not been fully elucidated. They probably incorporate chemical, thermal, mechanical, and immunomodulatory effects. The major importance of balneotherapy and spa therapy both individually and as complements to other therapies lies in their potential effectiveness after standard medical treatments have failed to give comfort to these patients.
Renal Excretion of Inulin, Creatinine and Xylose in Normal Dogs (1934)

During the course of studies of the properties of the renal tubule of amphibia we had occasion to search for a substance which, introduced into the tubule, would not be expected to be absorbed from it into the blood, either actively or by diffusion. Among those tried was the polysaccharide inulin, chosen because of its high molecular weight and because it is not hydrolyzed by enzymes or tissues of vertebrates. After having found that inulin is much less rapidly diffusible than either creatinine or glucose; that it is filterable through collodion membranes which are impermeable to protein and through the glomerular membranes of amphibia; and also that it is not excreted by the aglomerular kidney (toadfish) after intravenous injection, it seemed desirable to study its rate of excretion in mammals. Given intravenously to dogs or rabbits it is excreted in the urine rapidly, and, insofar as a few experiments show, completely. Concentration ratios, U/P, as high as 150 have been observed. It became obvious that some of the considerations developed by Jolliffe, Shannon and Smith upon which they based their advocacy of plasma clearance of xylose in preference to that of creatinine as a true measure of the volume of glomerular filtration could equally well be made the basis of similar advocacy of inulin clearance for the same purpose; with this advantage, that the low diffusibility of inulin, much lower than that of creatinine, of xylose and of the other 2 non-metabolized sugars tested by them (sucrose, raffinose) could be expected to minimize a difference between plasma clearance and rate of glomerular filtration, provided such a difference exists and is the result of back diffusion of the substance studied. Accordingly, a series of preliminary experiments has been made, admittedly not perfect, in which the simultaneous plasma clearances of inulin and creatinine have been determined in unanesthetized female dogs.
A nearest transmitter classification method for VLC based positioning system (2011)

Nearest transmitter information is a mandatory requirement for utilizing Switching Estimated Receiver Position (SwERP) scheme, of which was proposed to enhance accuracy of Visible Light ID (VLID) positioning system. The conventional approach is achieved by controlling Sensitivity (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> S) limit. Conversely, general distance estimation by optical received power can also be used. Both of the mentioned methods have disadvantage on implementation complexity and inaccuracy due to noise fluctuation, respectively. In this paper, we propose a nearest transmitter classification (NTC) method by utilizing Optical Orthogonal Code (OOC) with On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation at transmitters (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> s), and perform oversampling at a receiver (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) to overcome the limitation of bandwidth resolution (B). The results confirm that the proposed method can classify the nearest T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> accurately, with some tradeoff with computation complexity from the increment of oversampling factor (O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ).
Review: <i>They All Fall Down: Richard Nickel's Struggle to Save America's Architecture</i>, by Richard Cahan (1995)

Book Review| October 01 1995 Review: They All Fall Down: Richard Nickel's Struggle to Save America's Architecture, by Richard Cahan They All Fall Down: Richard Nickel's Struggle to Save America's ArchitectureRichard Cahan Hugh Davidson Hugh Davidson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (1995) 17 (4): 107–109. https://doi.org/10.2307/3378397 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Hugh Davidson; Review: They All Fall Down: Richard Nickel's Struggle to Save America's Architecture, by Richard Cahan. The Public Historian 1 October 1995; 17 (4): 107–109. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3378397 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1995 Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Low pH induced membrane fusion of lipid vesicles containing proton-sensitive polymer (1987)

For the purpose of cytoplasmic delivery of aqueous content in liposomes through endosomes, we synthesized a pH-sensitive polymer, cetylacetyl(imidazol-4-ylmethyl)polyethylenimine (CAIPEI), which generates polycations at acidic pH. CAIPEI in its aqueous phase caused aggregation of sonicated vesicles composed of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (molar ratio 1:4) when the pH of the solution was lowered. The polymer also induced membrane intermixing as measured by resonance energy transfer between vesicles containing N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benz[d]oxadiazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine and those containing N-Rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine at pH 4-5, while the addition of CAIPEI caused neither aggregation of PC vesicles nor the intermixing of liposomal membranes between PC and PC/PS vesicles at any pH. The CAIPEI-induced membrane intermixing was dependent on the polymer/vesicle ratio rather than on the polymer concentration. Then the polymer was incorporated into the bilayers of PC vesicles. These CAIPEI vesicles also caused membrane intermixing with liposomes containing PS under acidic conditions. The reconstituted CAIPEI did not reduce the trapping efficiency of vesicles or increase their permeability to glucose even at low pH. The vesicles caused the low pH induced aggregation and membrane intermixing with other negatively charged liposomes containing phosphatidic acid or phosphatidylglycerol. These results suggest that the protonation of the polymer at acidic pH endows the CAIPEI vesicles with the activity to fuse with negatively charged liposomes.
Joint online transcoding and geo-distributed delivery for dynamic adaptive streaming (2014)

Dynamic adaptive video streaming has emerged as a popular approach for video streaming in today's Internet. To date the two important components in dynamic adaptive streaming, video transcoding which generates the adaptive bitrates of a video and video delivery which streams the videos to users, have been separately studied, resulting in a huge waste of computation and storage resource due to transcoding useless videos and suboptimal streaming quality due to homogeneous video replication. In this paper, we propose to jointly perform video transcoding and video delivery for adaptive streaming in an online manner. We conduct extensive measurement studies of a video sharing system and a CDN to motivate our design. We formulate and solve optimization problems to enable high streaming quality for the users, and low computation and replication costs for the system. In particular, our design connects video transcoding and video delivery based on users' preferences of CDN regions and regional preferences of video versions. Extensive trace-driven experiments further confirm the superiority of our design.
Extracellular nucleotides inhibit oxalate transport by human intestinal Caco-2-BBe cells through PKC-δ activation (2013)

Nephrolithiasis remains a major health problem in Western countries. Seventy to 80% of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate, and small changes in urinary oxalate affect risk of kidney stone formation. Intestinal oxalate secretion mediated by the anion exchanger SLC26A6 plays an essential role in preventing hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, indicating that understanding the mechanisms regulating intestinal oxalate transport is critical for management of hyperoxaluria. Purinergic signaling modulates several intestinal processes through pathways including PKC activation, which we previously found to inhibit Slc26a6 activity in mouse duodenal tissue. We therefore examined whether purinergic stimulation with ATP and UTP affects oxalate transport by human intestinal Caco-2-BBe (C2) cells. We measured [¹⁴C]oxalate uptake in the presence of an outward Cl⁻ gradient as an assay of Cl⁻/oxalate exchange activity, ≥50% of which is mediated by SLC26A6. We found that ATP and UTP significantly inhibited oxalate transport by C2 cells, an effect blocked by the PKC inhibitor Gö-6983. Utilizing pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as PKC-δ knockdown studies, we observed that ATP inhibits oxalate transport through the P2Y₂ receptor, PLC, and PKC-δ. Biotinylation studies showed that ATP inhibits oxalate transport by lowering SLC26A6 surface expression. These findings are of potential relevance to pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease-associated hyperoxaluria, where supraphysiological levels of ATP/UTP are expected and overexpression of the P2Y₂ receptor has been reported. We conclude that ATP and UTP inhibit oxalate transport by lowering SLC26A6 surface expression in C2 cells through signaling pathways including the P2Y₂ purinergic receptor, PLC, and PKC-δ.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of (3,4-Diphenylcyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Compounds in Transfer Hydrogenations and Dehydrogenations (2018)

Four (3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl compounds were synthesized, and their activities in transfer hydrogenations of carbonyl compounds and transfer dehydrogenations of alcohols were explored and compared to those of the well-established [2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(CH2)4(η4-C4C═O)]Fe(CO)3 (3). A new compound, [2,5-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone]iron tricarbonyl (7), was the most active catalyst in both transfer hydrogenations and dehydrogenations, and compound 3 was the least active catalyst in transfer hydrogenations. Evidence was found for product inhibition of both 3 and 7 in a transfer dehydrogenation reaction, with the activity of 3 being more heavily affected. A monomeric iron hydride derived from 7 was spectroscopically observed during a transfer hydrogenation, and no diiron bridging hydrides were found under reductive or oxidative conditions. Initial results in the transfer hydrogenation of N-benzylideneaniline showed that 3 was a significantly less active catalyst in comparison to the (3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl compounds.
“For the Sum of Three Thousand Dollars” (2005)

Research Article| October 01 2005 “For the Sum of Three Thousand Dollars” Susan Easton Black; Susan Easton Black Susan Easton Black is professor of Church history and doctrine at Brigham Young University. She is a past associate dean of General Education and Honors. Her numerous academic awards include the Karl G. Maeser Distinguished Faculty Lecturer Award in 2000. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Larry C. Porter Larry C. Porter Larry C. Porter, professor emeritus of Church history and doctrine at Brigham Young University, received his PhD from BYU in the history of religion. He served as chair of the Department of Church History and Doctrine and was later director of the Church history area of the BYU Religious Studies Center. He was designated the Richard L. Evans Professor of Christian Understanding (1998–2001). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) (2005) 14 (2): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.14.2.0004 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Susan Easton Black, Larry C. Porter; “For the Sum of Three Thousand Dollars”. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) 1 October 2005; 14 (2): 4–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.14.2.0004 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Book of Mormon Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2005 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2005 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
ADJUSTABLE MIRROR MOUNT DESIGN USING KINEMATIC PRINCIPLES (1966)

Various designs of mirror mounts are discussed in relation to their performance, construction, choice of materials, etc., together with the principles of kinematic design. Examples are given of systems incorporating many of the optimum design features described which have a precision of several seconds of arc and which are suitable for general optical and laser work.
Augmented reality user interfaces and techniques for outdoor modelling (2003)

This paper presents user interface technology for mobile outdoor augmented reality systems, and a set of new techniques we have named construction at a distance for the capture and creation of 3D geometry. Using a pair of vision tracked pinch gloves and a specially designed menu system, a user is able to use the physical presence of their body to perform modelling tasks in ways not previously possible.
Chromatin assembly during DNA replication in somatic cells (1999)

Newly replicated DNA is assembled into chromatin through two principle pathways. Firstly, parental nucleosomes segregate to replicated DNA, and are transferred directly to one of the two daughter strands during replication fork passage. Secondly, chromatin assembly factors mediate de-novo assembly of nucleosomes on replicating DNA using newly synthesized and acetylated histone proteins. In somatic cells, chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) appears to be a key player in assembling new nucleosomes during DNA replication. It provides a molecular connection between newly synthesized histones and components of the DNA replication machinery during the S phase of the cell division cycle.