gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Involvement of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases and Adenylyl Cyclase on Adrenocorticotropin-Induced Increase of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Rat and Human Glomerulosa Cells* (1999)

The present study investigated the role and identity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the regulation of basal and ACTH-stimulated levels of intracellular cAMP in human and rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. Comparative dose-response curves indicated that maximal hormone-stimulated cAMP accumulation was 11- and 24-fold higher in human and rat cells, compared with cAMP production obtained in corresponding membranes, respectively. Similarly to 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, 25 microM erythro-9-[2-hydroxy-3-nonyl]adenine (EHNA, a specific PDE2 inhibitor), caused a large increase in ACTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation; by contrast, it did not change cAMP production in membranes. Moreover, in membrane fractions, addition of 10 microM cGMP inhibited ACTH-induced cAMP production, an effect completely reversed by addition of 25 microM EHNA. These results indicate that PDE2 activity is involved in the regulation of cAMP accumulation induced by ACTH, and suggest that ACTH inhibits this activity. Indeed, time-course studies indicated that ACTH induced a rapid decrease in cGMP production, resulting in PDE2 inhibition, which in turn, contributed [with adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation] to an accumulation in cAMP for 15 min. Thereafter, cAMP content decreased, because of cAMP-stimulated PDE2, as confirmed by measurement of PDE activity that was activated by ACTH, but only after a 10-min incubation. Hence, we demonstrate that the ACTH-induced increase in intracellular cAMP is the result of a balance between activation of AC and direct modulation of PDE2 activity, an effect mediated by cGMP content. Although similar results were observed in both models, PDE2 involvement is more important in rat than in human adrenal glomerulosa cells, whereas AC is more stimulated in human than in rat glomerulosa cells.
Steroids. CXXXVI.<sup>1</sup> Synthesis of a New Class of Potent Cortical Hormones. 6α-Fluoro- and 6α,9α-Difluoro-16α-methylprednisolone and Related Steroids<sup>2</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. CXXXVI.1 Synthesis of a New Class of Potent Cortical Hormones. 6α-Fluoro- and 6α,9α-Difluoro-16α-methylprednisolone and Related Steroids2J. A. Edwards, H. J. Ringold, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 9, 2318–2322Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01494a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01494a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue Distribution of mRNA Expression of Human Cytochrome P450 Isoforms Assessedby High-Sensitivity Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR (2003)

Pairs of forward and reverse primers and TaqMan probes specific to each human cytochrome P450 isoform were prepared. Analysis of the mRNA level of each CYP isoform in total RNA from pooled specimens of various human organs was performed by real-time reverse transcription PCR using an ABI PRISM 7700 sequence detector system. The expression of CYP3A4 mRNA was similar to that of CYP3A7 mRNA in the fetal liver, and CYP3A4 mRNA levels in the fetal liver were about 0.1 times lower than in the adult liver. CYP2E1 showed the highest level of mRNA expression in the liver. The mRNA expression of 30 CYP isoforms (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2A7, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 2J2, 3A4, 3A5, 3A7, 4A11, 4F2, 4F3, 5A1, 7B1, 8A1, 8B1, 17, 26A1, 27, 27B1, 39A1, 46, and 51) in the liver was successfully detected by this method. CYP2F1, 4B1, 4F8, 11s (11A, 11B1, and 11B2), 19, and 24 mRNA levels were the highest in the lung, lung, prostate, adrenal gland, placenta, and kidney, respectively; however, the mRNA expression of these eight CYP isoforms in the liver was not detected by this method. The mRNA levels of the CYP isoforms determined in various human tissues were in good agreement with previously reported data. The method described here has the advantages of high specificity and excellent quantification over a wide range of mRNA concentrations, making it suitable for the evaluation of a large number of samples in the assessment of the expression profile of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Identification of a reticuloendothelial stimulating agent in zymosan (1961)

The functional activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), as determined by the intravascular clearance of colloidal carbon, and the degree of induced RE hyperplasia were studied following the intravenous injection of various constituents of zymosan. The readily extractable lipid component from the yeast cell wall was inactive, as was the polysaccharide, mannan. Stimulatory activity was still present in the zymosan residue after removal of free and bound lipids. The administration of glucan derived either from yeast, or its cell wall, resulted in marked RE activation and induced hyperplasia, demonstrating it to be the active RE stimulating agent. The relationship of glucan's chemical structure to its ability to induce RE hyperfunction and hyperplasia is discussed.
203 EFFECT OF OXYGEN TENSION AND SUBSTRATE ON GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS (2005)

Normally the majority of mammalian cells, including murine embryonic stem (mES) cells, are immersed in a low oxygen environment (hypoxia); however, mES are generally cultured in an atmosphere containing 21% O2 (normoxia). Such conditions may not be the most appropriate for mES propagation. We have tested the effects of hypoxia and culture on either feeder fibroblasts or gelatin substrate on mES cell growth and spontaneous differentiation. Two ES cell lines (R1 129/Sv from the laboratory of A. Nagy and MAR B6D2 F1 generated in our laboratory) were cultured under two different oxygen tensions (5 and 21%), and on two different substrates, 0.1% gelatin or murine embryonic fibroblasts (mEF). Cell cycle, cell proliferation, mRNA expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers, as well as spontaneous differentiation to cardiomyocytes, were monitored. For cell proliferation measurements, mES after 7 days of culture at the different conditions were labeled with 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, and cultured for up to three more days. Cells were then harvested for flow cytometry analysis every 24 h after labeling (Cell TraceTM CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit; Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR, USA). For cell cycle analysis, cells grown on mEF under the two different oxygen tensions were fixed after 10 days of culture, and then stained with propidium iodide/Triton-X-100 for flow cytometry analysis (Current Protocols in Cytometry, Chap. 7, 2001). The spontaneous differentiation of embryoid bodies [formed by ES cells in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)] to cardiomyocytes was also monitored. For mRNA expression of pluripotency (Nanog, Oct-3/4, Rex1, GENESIS, FGFR-4, TERF1, Cx43, and GLUT1) and differentiation markers (GATA4, GATA2, AFP, Msx-1, Brachyury, and Myf5), RT-PCR analysis was performed on mES cells from Day 0 to Day 10. Under hypoxia conditions, the proliferation of both types of mES cells was greater than under normoxia, independent of substrate used, and a higher number of apoptotic cells was detected. Moreover, only under normoxia conditions did mES cells lose the expression of pluripotency markers GENESIS and GLUT1. In addition, under lower oxygen tension, the rate of differentiation to beating cardiomyocytes was significantly lower on the feeder layer than that under normoxia (11.9% vs. 28.1%; P = 0.012). The feeder layer supported significantly higher cardiomyocyte formation when compared to 0.1% gelatin at 21% O2 (28.1% vs. 8.3%; P &lt; 0.001). Our results show that normoxia may not be the most appropriate condition for mES cell propagation and that hypoxic culture may be necessary to maintain full pluripotency of mES cells.
Bayesian clustering for unsupervised estimation of surface and texture models (1988)

A method of calculating the maximum-likelihood clustering for the unsupervised estimation of polynomial models for the data in images of smooth surfaces or for range data for such surfaces is presented. An image or a depth map of a region of smooth 3-D surface is modeled as a polynomial plus white noise. A region of physically meaningful textured-image such as the image of foliage, grass, or road in outdoor scenes or conductor or lintburn on a thick-film substrate is modeled as a colored Gaussian-Markov random field (MRF) with a polynomial mean-value function. Unsupervised-model parameter-estimation is accomplished by determining the segmentation and model parameter values that maximize the likelihood of the data or a more general Bayesian performance functional. Agglomerative clustering is used for this purpose.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of Extrastriatal <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT Binding Contributes to the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonian Diseases (2016)

<sup>123</sup>I-<i>N</i>-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (<sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT) SPECT can visualize and quantify striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in vivo. In addition, <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT has modest affinity for the serotonin transporter (SERT), predominantly represented in extrastriatal binding. On the basis of previous imaging studies that have suggested more pronounced degeneration of other monoaminergic systems in multiple-system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) than in Parkinson disease (PD), we hypothesized that, in addition to striatal DAT binding, there would be differences in extrastriatal <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT SPECT binding to SERT between MSA, PSP, and PD. <b>Methods:</b> We included patients with parkinsonian type MSA (multiple-system atrophy with predominantly parkinsonism [MSA-P], <i>n</i> = 9), cerebellar type MSA (MSA-C, <i>n</i> = 7), PSP (<i>n</i> = 13), and PD (<i>n</i> = 30). <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT binding was analyzed using region-of-interest (ROI)- as well as voxel-based methods in both the DAT-rich striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and the SERT-rich extrastriatal brain regions (thalamus, hypothalamus, and pons). For SERT analysis, patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor were excluded (<i>n</i> = 48 remained). <b>Results:</b> In the ROI analyses, extrastriatal <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT binding ratios in the hypothalamus were significantly lower in PSP than in MSA-C patients, and we observed significantly lower striatal <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT binding ratios in the caudate nucleus of PSP patients than in that of both PD and MSA-C patients. In the posterior putamen, binding ratios were significantly lower in MSA-P, PSP, and PD than MSA-C patients. Striatal ROI outcomes were confirmed by the voxel-based analyses that additionally showed a significantly lower hypothalamic binding in PSP and MSA-P than PD. <b>Conclusion:</b> Striatal <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT binding to DAT and hypothalamic <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT binding to SERT are significantly lower in MSA-P and PSP than in PD and MSA-C patients and might therefore be of interest for differential diagnosis.
Charge-coupled devices for analog signal processing (1976)

CCD's are inherently analog and can be used to implement a number of sampled data filtering functions in the analog domain. The CCD transversal filter is a particularly cost effective building block because of its versatility and simplicity. The limitations and applications of CCD transversal filters are summarized, and their cost advantages relative to digital filters are discussed.
Design of a Small-Molecule Drug Conjugate for Prostate Cancer Targeted Theranostics (2016)

Targeted therapy has become an effective strategy of precision medicine for cancer treatment. Based on the success of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), here we report a theranostic design of small-molecule drug conjugates (T-SMDCs) for targeted imaging and chemotherapy of prostate cancer. The structure of T-SMDCs built upon a polyethylene glycol (PEG) scaffold consists of (i) a chelating moiety for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging when labeled with (68)Ga, a positron-emitting radioisotope; (ii) a prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) specific ligand for prostate cancer targeting; and (iii) a cytotoxic drug (DM1) for chemotherapy. For proof-of-concept, such a T-SMDC, NO3A-DM1-Lys-Urea-Glu, was synthesized and evaluated. The chemical modification of Lys-Urea-Glu for the construction of the conjugate did not compromise its specific binding affinity to PSMA. The PSMA-mediated internalization of (68)Ga-labeled NO3A-DM1-Lys-Urea-Glu displayed a time-dependent manner, allowing the desired drug delivery and release within tumor cells. The antiproliferative activity of the T-SMDC showed a positive correlation with the PSMA expression level. Small animal PET imaging with (68)Ga-labeled NO3A-DM1-Lys-Urea-Glu exhibited significantly higher uptake (p < 0.01) in the PSMA positive PC3-PIP tumors (4.30 ± 0.20%ID/g) at 1 h postinjection than in the PSMA negative PC3-Flu tumors (1.12 ± 0.42%ID/g). Taken together, we have successfully designed and synthesized a T-SMDC system for prostate cancer targeted imaging and therapy.
A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the AD8 and BCAT-SF in identifying dementia and mild cognitive impairment in long-term care residents (2016)

We compared the accuracy of the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool-Short Form (BCAT-SF) and AD8 in identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia among long-term care residents. Psychometric analyses of 357 long-term care residents (n = 228, nursing home; n = 129, assisted living) in Maryland referred for neuropsychological evaluation evidenced robust internal consistency reliability and construct validity for the BCAT-SF. Furthermore, hierarchical logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated superior predictive validity for the BCAT-SF in identifying MCI and dementia relative to the AD8. In contrast, previously reported psychometric properties or cut scores for the AD8 could not be cross-validated in this long-term care sample. Based on these findings, the BCAT-SF appears to be a more reliable and valid screening instrument than the AD8 for rapidly identifying MCI and dementia in long-term care residents.
Consolidation of query results in a multidatabase environment: an object-oriented approach (2002)

This research extends an existing framework for translating global queries over a heterogeneous network of databases, focusing on the consolidation of query results and the resolution of semantic differences between component databases and the global schema. The research uses an object-oriented database for the global platform and a self-describing global schema as a means for providing access to database information. During query consolidation, query results are read into object classes along with the metadata needed to resolve the semantic differences. Through encapsulated procedures, query results are transformed and merged into the global format. This research identifies the information needed in the global schema for resolution of semantic heterogeneity during consolidation of query results.
Rapid Processing of Motion-Picture Film by the Application of Viscous Coatings: Part I: Viscous-Layer Processing of Motion-Picture Film (1961)

A method has been developed for the rapid processing of motion-picture film by the application of thin coatings of viscous chemical solutions. The chemical treatments are carried out in an atmosphere saturated with water vapor at an elevated temperature. The physical and photographic quality of black-and-white positive film processed by this method is equal to that obtained from conventional processing. The chemical solutions used for these treatments maintain their properties over extended periods of storage under normal conditions. The usual problems of chemical control are eliminated, thus permitting automatic operation of the processing system.
Runtime FPGA Partial Reconfiguration (2008)

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are now being integrated into many space-based applications. FPGAs are being used as replacements for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) without considering new options offered by their reprogrammable nature. Runtime partial reconfiguration can potentially reduce the number of devices or the device size, thereby reducing both size and power consumption. A system that requires either transmit or receive capabilities at any given time, but not both, can switch between the two modes in a fraction of a second using partial reconfiguration. The current approach requires that both modes be implemented simultaneously, thereby wasting power and requiring more resources. The idea of adaptively allocating limited FPGA resources is also applicable to hardware-accelerated software-defined radios. The hardware accelerators are loaded into FPGA(s) as they are needed. Partial reconfiguration allows swapping of accelerators much faster than is possible with current methods, and with less disruption to other processes running in parallel. This technology significantly reduces power consumption critical for space and portable ground-based applications of FPGA technology. A software-defined radio was designed with a reprogrammable forward error correction (FEC) block supporting multiple FEC codes to demonstrate one practical use of this technology. This paper provides an overview of the design flow necessary for partial reconfiguration and comments on the additional overhead necessary for creating such a design. In addition, limitations to this emerging technology are outlined.
Neovascularisation offers a new perspective to glutamine related therapy. (2000)

Angiogenesis or the generation of new blood vessel, is an important factor in the growth of a solid tumor. Hence, it becomes a necessary parameter of any kind of therapeutic study. Glutamine is an essential nutrient of tumor tissue and glutamine related therapy involves clearance of circulatory glutamine by glutaminase. Therefore, using different murine solid tumor models, the present study was undertaken to find out whether the S-180 cell glutaminase has any effect on angiogenesis of solid tumor, or not. Result indicates that the purified S-180 cell glutaminase reduces tumor volume and restrict the generation of neo blood vessels. Therefore, it can be concluded that this enzyme may be an effective device against the cancer metastasis.
Temperature stable, low-phase noise 2 GHz dielectric resonator oscillator (2002)

The results of a rigorous analysis of a state-of-the-art 2 GHz dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) are presented. The performance of the DRO was determined by measuring the phase noise, loaded quality factor, and frequency-versus-temperature response of the oscillator. These test results represent the lowest reported phase noise for a 2 GHz DRO, with the oscillator exhibiting single sideband phase levels of -100 dBc/Hz and -126 dBc/Hz at carrier offset frequencies of 100 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. A superb frequency-versus-temperature response is shown. The DRO exhibits a frequency stability of 1.31 p.p.m./K over the temperature range +55 degrees C to -45 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Modification of an Alkanethiol Self‐Assembled Layer to Prevent Corrosion of Copper (1997)

A protective film consisting of an ultrathin, closely packed, and highly water‐repellent two‐dimensional polymer monolayer was prepared by modification of an 11‐mercapto‐1‐undecanol (MUO) self‐assembled monolayer adsorbed on copper with 1,2‐bis(trichlorosilyl)ethane (BTCSE) and subsequently with octadecyltrichlorosilane . In order to provide regularly arranged alkyl chains and two‐dimensional cross‐linkages within the layer, the BTCSE‐modified MUO monolayer was treated with at low concentrations for many hours. The protective efficiency of the MUO monolayer modified with BTCSE and with M for 24 h for copper corrosion in an aerated 0.5 M was markedly high, 98.9%. The doubly modified layer was significantly water‐repellent and highly protective against atmospheric corrosion of copper.
Healthcare service users as resource integrators: investigating factors influencing the co-creation of value at individual, dyadic and systemic levels (2020)

Purpose Patients, when using healthcare services, (co)create value by integrating their own resources with those of a range of stakeholders. These resource integration activities, however, require different types of skills and effort from the patients, and different types of interactions with stakeholders, while also having different effects on patients' well-being. The purpose of the present study is to develop a better understanding of why some patients are better able or willing to perform resource integration activities that impact their well-being. To reach this objective, barriers and facilitators of these activities in their interactions with various stakeholders were identified. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a multiple case study design. Individual patients having received a lung transplant, together with their entourage (family, medical professionals, other patients) each represent a case. In-depth interviews were conducted with the patients and with various categories of stakeholders in their service delivery network who were relevant to their experience and with whom they integrated their resources. Findings The study identifies three levels on which barriers and facilitators of the resource integration process occur: the individual, relational and systemic level. Factors on these levels affect different aspects of the process. Originality/value This study takes a systems perspective and investigates how various systemic factors and stakeholders conduce or inhibit healthcare service users to perform resource integration activities, especially focusing on those activities that strongly affect their well-being.