gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 5.8 GHz 1 V Linear Power Amplifier Using a Novel On-Chip Transformer Power Combiner in Standard 90 nm CMOS (2008)

A fully integrated 5.8 GHz Class AB linear power amplifier (PA) in a standard 90 nm CMOS process using thin oxide transistors utilizes a novel on-chip transformer power combining network. The transformer combines the power of four push-pull stages with low insertion loss over the bandwidth of interest and is compatible with standard CMOS process without any additional analog or RF enhancements. With a 1 V power supply, the PA achieves 24.3 dBm maximum output power at a peak drain efficiency of 27% and 20.5 dBm output power at the 1 dB compression point.
A simple multicast overlay scheme for WDM passive optical networks with symmetric two-way traffic (2009)

A WDM-PON with simultaneous delivery of 10-Gb/s point-to-point downstream and upstream data as well as 10-Gb/s multicast data is proposed and demonstrated. The multicast overlay control is realized by using optical on/off switches at OLT.
Rat group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Inhibit Neuronal Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channels via Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways in HEK 293 Cells (1998)

We have shown previously that metabotropic glutamate receptors with group I-like pharmacology couple to N-type and P/Q-type calcium channels in acutely isolated cortical neurons using G proteins most likely belonging to the Gi/Go subclass. To better understand the potential mechanisms forming the basis for group I mGluR modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels in the CNS, we have examined the ability of specific mGluRs to couple to neuronal N-type (alpha1B-1/alpha2delta/beta1b) and P/Q-type (alpha1A-2/alpha2delta/beta1b) voltage-gated calcium channels in an HEK 293 heterologous expression system. Using the whole cell patch-clamp technique where intracellular calcium is buffered to low levels, we have shown that group I receptors inhibit both N-type and P/Q-type calcium channels in a voltage-dependent fashion. Similar to our observations in cortical neurons, this voltage-dependent inhibition is mediated almost entirely by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-sensitive heterotrimeric G proteins, strongly suggesting that these receptors can use Gi/Go-like G proteins to couple to N-type and P/Q-type calcium channels. However, inconsistent with the apparent NEM sensitivity of group I modulation of calcium channels, modulation of N-type channels in group I mGluR-expressing cells was only partially sensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX), indicating the potential involvement of both PTX-sensitive and -resistant G proteins. The PTX-resistant modulation was voltage dependent and entirely resistant to NEM and cholera toxin. A time course of treatment with PTX revealed that this toxin caused group I receptors to slowly shift from using a primarily NEM-sensitive G protein to using a NEM-resistant form. The PTX-induced switch from NEM-sensitive to -resistant modulation was also dependent on protein synthesis, indicating some reliance on active cellular processes. In addition to these voltage-dependent pathways, perforated patch recordings on group I mGluR-expressing cells indicate that another slowly developing, calcium-dependent form of modulation for N-type channels may be seen when intracellular calcium is not highly buffered. We conclude that group I mGluRs can modulate neuronal Ca2+ channels using a variety of signal transduction pathways and propose that the relative contributions of different pathways may exemplify the diversity of responses mediated by these receptors in the CNS.
A circuit disassembly technique for synthesizing symbolic layouts from mask descriptions (1990)

A technique, called circuit disassembly, for transforming a mask-level description into an equivalent symbolic layout is described. This technique has been implemented in a program that can handle physical layouts containing arbitrary Manhattan geometry. Circuits designed using mask-level layout systems can be disassembled automatically, independent of the circuit technology, into a symbolic environment. Once converted, the disassembled layout can be manipulated further by existing symbolic design or verification tools. A key motivation for symbolic representation is the relative ease of retargeting designs for new process technologies. Industrial symbolic compaction systems can be used for this purpose. The formulation of the problem consists of two major steps: device extraction and net decomposition. The first step involves extracting transistors and contacts from the layout. New symbolic primitives are generated if available library elements are insufficient. The second step aims at synthesizing symbolic wires from the remaining mask geometry for interconnecting the circuit primitives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In vivo</i>proliferation of naïve and memory influenza-specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells (1999)

The virus-specific CD8(+) T cell response has been analyzed through the development, effector, and recovery phases of primary and secondary influenza pneumonia. Apparently, most, if not all, memory T cells expressing clonotypic receptors that bind a tetrameric complex of influenza nucleoprotein (NP)(366-374) peptide+H-2D(b) (NPP) are induced to divide during the course of this localized respiratory infection. The replicative phase of the recall response ends about the time that virus can no longer be recovered from the lung, whereas some primary CD8(+)NPP(+) T cells may proliferate for a few more days. The greatly expanded population of CD8(+)NPP(+) memory T cells in the lymphoid tissue of secondarily challenged mice declines progressively in mean prevalence over the ensuing 100 days, despite the fact that at least some of these lymphocytes continue to cycle. The recall of cell-mediated immunity thus is characterized by massive proliferation of the antigen-specific CD8(+) set, whereas the extent of lymphocyte turnover in the absence of cognate peptide is variable, at a low level, and can be influenced by intercurrent infection.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some derivatives of acylhydrazine including novel benzenediazasulfonamides (2008)

Some novel derivatives of acylhydrazine such as; 5-substituted-2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 2a-g their corresponding S-esters 3a-g, amides 4a-g and benzenediazasulfonamides 6a-d have been prepared. Twenty four synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antibacterial and some for their antifungal activities. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of all the twenty four synthesized compounds were also determined. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.
Numerical Taxonomy of Listeria, Streptococci and Possibly Related Bacteria (1969)

SUMMARY Similarity values based on 199 features of 88 strains of bacteria, including freshly-isolated strains of streptococci and named strains of the genera Streptococcus, Listeria, Microbacterium, Erysipelothrix, Brevibacterium and Arthrobacter, were analysed by single and complete linkage sorting programmes. It is concluded that Erysipelothrix, Listeria and strains currently known as Microbacterium thermosphactum show closer relations to the family Lactobacillaceae than to the other representatives of the family Coryne-bacteriaceae here examined.
Earlier Detection of Breast Cancer with Ultrasound Molecular Imaging in a Transgenic Mouse Model (2013)

While there is an increasing role of ultrasound for breast cancer screening in patients with dense breast, conventional anatomical ultrasound lacks sensitivity and specificity for early breast cancer detection. In this study, we assessed the potential of ultrasound molecular imaging using clinically translatable vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2)-targeted microbubbles (MB(VEGFR2)) to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in earlier detection of breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in a transgenic mouse model [FVB/N-Tg(MMTV-PyMT)634Mul]. In vivo binding specificity studies (n = 26 tumors) showed that ultrasound imaging signal was significantly higher (P < 0.001) using MB(VEGFR2) than nontargeted microbubbles and imaging signal significantly decreased (P < 0.001) by blocking antibodies. Ultrasound molecular imaging signal significantly increased (P < 0.001) when breast tissue (n = 315 glands) progressed from normal [1.65 ± 0.17 arbitrary units (a.u.)] to hyperplasia (4.21 ± 1.16), DCIS (15.95 ± 1.31), and invasive cancer (78.1 ± 6.31) and highly correlated with ex vivo VEGFR2 expression [R(2) = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-0.91; P < 0.001]. At an imaging signal threshold of 4.6 a.u., ultrasound molecular imaging differentiated benign from malignant entities with a sensitivity of 84% (95% CI, 78-88) and specificity of 89% (95% CI, 81-94). In a prospective screening trail (n = 63 glands), diagnostic performance of detecting DCIS and breast cancer was assessed and two independent readers correctly diagnosed malignant disease in more than 95% of cases and highly agreed between each other [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.98; 95% CI, 97-99]. These results suggest that VEGFR2-targeted ultrasound molecular imaging allows highly accurate detection of DCIS and breast cancer in transgenic mice and may be a promising approach for early breast cancer detection in women.
Tuning hydrogel properties and function using substituent effects (2010)

The physical properties and function of hydrogels are shown to depend on the substituents present in three novel 1,3,5-tri-azaadamantane (TAA) cross-linkers. Gel stiffness and degradation rate at varied pHs could be predictably tuned with the cross-linker substituents used to form the gel. Subsequently, protein release from the hydrogel were controlled with chemical structure of the cross-linker.
A Putative Antiaging Drug Takes a Step From Mice to Men (2013)

A new clinical trial is gauging whether rapamycin, a drug that increases longevity in mice, alleviates infirmities of old age in people.
How multi-azimuth and wide-azimuth seismic compare (2006)

Abstract Andrew Long of Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS) takes a look at the claims made for multiand wide-azimuth surveys and comes up with some surprising conclusions.
Unusual swimming behavior of a magnetotactic bacterium (1987)

Magnetotactic bacteria of strain Mar 1–83, when swimming in an applied magnetic field, did not move as a homogeneous cell suspension, but aggregated in distinct wave-like structures. The waves remained stable during forward movement. The number of cells per wave ranged from a few cells in permanent lateral contact to hundreds of bacteria moving visibly within a wave. Wave formation required a horizontal and vertical magnetic component. Electron microscopy indicated at least 3 distinct parallel chains of magnetosomes inside the bacterium. The cellular magnetic dipole moment was determined. Cell-to-cell magnetic interaction could be ruled out as the sole mechanism that induced wave formation and kept waves stable. Other mechanisms are discussed.
Mineral Carbonation of CO2 (2008)

A survey of the global carbon reservoirs suggests that the most stable, long-term storage mechanism for atmospheric CO2 is the formation of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite and magnesite. The feasibility is demonstrated by the proportion of terrestrial carbon bound in these minerals: at least 40,000 times more carbon is present in carbonate rocks than in the atmosphere. Atmospheric carbon can be transformed into carbonate minerals either ex situ, as part of an industrial process, or in situ, by injection into geological formations where the elements required for carbonate-mineral formation are present. Many challenges in mineral carbonation remain to be resolved. They include overcoming the slow kinetics of mineral-fluid reactions, dealing with the large volume of source material required and reducing the energy needed to hasten the carbonation process. To address these challenges, several pilot studies have been launched, including the CarbFix program in Iceland. The aim of CarbFix is to inject CO2 into permeable basaltic rocks in an attempt to form carbonate minerals directly through a coupled dissolution-precipitation process.
Continuidade e descontinuidade na construção de carreiras de ensino (2007)

A opcao por uma carreira de ensino nem sempre e fruto de um processo continuo. Pelo
contrario, para algumas pessoas a escolha desta via profissional acontece apos experiencias de
trabalho noutras areas. Este e, frequentemente, o caso dos professores dos grupos de docencia
das artes e das ciencias economicas. Com efeito, e uma vez que os cursos de artes e de
economia nao permitem um acesso directo as carreiras de ensino, os licenciados destas areas
que optam pela docencia redefinem muitas vezes o seu projecto inicial de carreira. Para verificar
os factores subjacentes a esta reformulacao de projectos ja na idade adulta, cerca de setenta
professores de artes e de economia responderam a um conjunto de questoes adaptadas da Career
Style Interview (Savickas, 1998). A analise do conteudo das respostas permitiu observar que,
para a maior parte dos casos, os projectos profissionais da infância e as caracteristicas
valorizadas nos modelos de infância e adolescencia se relacionam mais com a actividade
docente do que com as caracteristicas das profissoes de economia ou de artes, evidenciando,
assim, a par de uma descontinuidade em termos de percursos profissionais uma continuidade ao
nivel dos valores pessoais.
A capillary microgripper based on electrowetting (2008)

An electrowetting based capillary microgripper, which can pick up and release micro-objects, is presented. Electrowetting was utilized to dynamically change the contact angle between the liquid bridge and the gripper surface to control the capillary lifting forces. A coplanar interdigitated gold electrode pair was employed to simplify the microfabrication. The lifting force generated by the microgripper was experimentally characterized. The pickup and release routine was demonstrated for various micro glass beads whose weight ranges from 77 to 136 μN. The design, microfabrication, and testing of the microgripper are presented.
Evaluation of the Renal Effects of an Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotide in Monkeys (1999)

Antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides are therapeutic agents that provide target specificity resulting from Watson-Crick base pairing. However, there are nonspecific effects that in some instances result in toxicity. These compounds accumulate in the kidney and induce renal proximal tubular degeneration at high doses. The relationship between accumulation of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in the kidney, indicators of renal toxicity, and histomorphology were investigated in rhesus monkeys. Monkeys received vehicle or an escalating dose regimen of 3, 10, 40, and 80 mg/kg of ISIS 2105 and were then evaluated for changes in clinical pathology indices, urinalysis parameters, and renal histopathology. Urinalysis revealed an increase in protein levels and a slight increase in blood content following the third 40 mg/kg dose and continuing through the 80 mg/kg doses, whereas other urinary markers of renal toxicity were unchanged. Creatinine clearance was slightly decreased in monkeys during the 80 mg/kg dose cycle. Granulation in the cytoplasm of proximal tubular epithelial cells was evident by microscopic examination of kidney and was present at all doses examined and increased with dose. Immunohistochemical staining localized the oligodeoxynucleotide within these granules. Histopathologic changes consisting of minimal to moderate tubular degeneration were present only at the higher doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg and at high tissue concentrations, and these changes occurred concurrent with functional alterations, whereas lower doses (< or = 10 mg/kg) did not affect a pathologic or functional change.
3D Deformation Using Moving Least Squares (2007)

Figure 1: Deformation results using our method. Point handles are inside the mesh and marked as red dots. (Models courtesy of Cyberware.) We present a 3d deformation method based on Moving Least Squares that extends the work by Schaefer et al. [Schaefer et al. 2006] to the 3d setting. The user controls the deformation by manipulating a set of point handles. Locally, the deformation takes the form of either a rigid transformation or optionally a similarity transformation, and tends to preserve local features. Our derivation of the closed-form solution is based on singular value decomposition, and is applicable to deformation in arbitrary dimensions, as opposed to the planar case in [Schaefer et al. 2006]. Our prototype implementation allows interactive deformation of meshes of over 100k vertices. For the application of 3d mesh deformation, we further introduce a weighting scheme that determines the influence of point handles on vertices based on approximate mesh geodesics. In practice, the new scheme gives much better deformation results for limbed character models, compared with simple Euclidean distance based weighting. The new weighting scheme can be of use to the traditional skinny based deformation technique as well. 1
Securing smart home: Technologies, security challenges, and security requirements (2014)

Smart homes are gaining vast popularity as the most promising application of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Exploiting the high level of connectivity present in current electronic devices (such as smartphones, tablets, and multimedia systems), smart homes provide innovative, automated and interactive services for residential customers through distributed and collaborative operations. As these types of networks become enormously popular, it is fundamental to provide the adequate level of protection against cyber-attacks for the residential customers. However, the resource-constrained nature of many of the devices present in a smart home environment, does not permit to implement the standard security solutions and therefore smart homes currently present security vulnerabilities. In this paper the security challenges and threats to the existing solutions suited for smart homes are examined in detail with the objective of fostering the development of practical solutions to secure the smart homes.
Experimental Photographic Systems Based on Phosphotungstic Acid (1954)

The heteropolytungstic acids, especially certain of the phosphotungstic and silicotungstic acids, are photooxidizing agents with properties that suggest their use in photographic processes. The chemical and physical properties of the substances are described, and simple demonstrations of three new photographic processes based upon phosphotungstic acid are outlined. These comprise a printing out process producing images in pigments of basic dyes; phototropic, and therefore reusable, printing out materials; and the development of a latent image.
A Mutation in <i>PRKAG3</i> Associated with Excess Glycogen Content in Pig Skeletal Muscle (2000)

A high proportion of purebred Hampshire pigs carries the dominant RN- mutation, which causes high glycogen content in skeletal muscle. The mutation has beneficial effects on meat content but detrimental effects on processing yield. Here, it is shown that the mutation is a nonconservative substitution (R200Q) in the PRKAG3 gene, which encodes a muscle-specific isoform of the regulatory gamma subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Loss-of-function mutations in the homologous gene in yeast (SNF4) cause defects in glucose metabolism, including glycogen storage. Further analysis of the PRKAG3 signaling pathway may provide insights into muscle physiology as well as the pathogenesis of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in humans, a metabolic disorder associated with impaired glycogen synthesis.
Distance separated simultaneous sweeping: Efficient 3D vibroseis acquisition in Oman (2009)

Distance Separated Simultaneous Sweeping is an onshore Vibroseis technique which produces independent records, uncontaminated by simultaneous source interference, for a range of offsets and depths which span all target zones of interest. When two, or more, simultaneously swept Vibrators have a surface separation greater than double the target depth, or twice the usable offset distance, the causality condition of wave propagation stipulates that noise, or reflected signal, from one source location will take a finite period of time to reach the mid‐point of the distance to any other simultaneously initiated source. The source separation distance is chosen to allow sufficient travel time such that the first break noise, or reflection signal, will reach the midpoint crossover later than the time of interest for target horizons. This prevents the simultaneously generated noise, or reflection signal, from interfering with, or masking, any of the offsets or times associated with targeted horizons. Within these spatial and temporal limits, the records are indistinguishable from standard single source data. Implemented at field wide scale across Block 61 in Oman, the technique has recently achieved world record acquisition production rates and produced excellent data quality.
Mutating a Region of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Implicated in tRNALys-3 Binding and the Consequences for (−)-Strand DNA Synthesis (1998)

Recently, tRNALys-3 was cross-linked via its anticodon loop to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) between residues 230 and 357 (Mishima, Y., and Steitz, J. A. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 2679-2687). Scanning the surface of this region identified three basic amino acids Lys249, Arg307, and Lys311 flanking a small crevice on the p66 thumb subdomain outside the primer-template binding cleft. To assess an interaction of this region with the tRNA anticodon loop, these p66 residues were altered to Glu or Gln. p66 subunits containing K249Q, K311Q, K311E, and a dual R307E/K311E mutation formed a stable dimer with wild type p51. All mutants showed reduced affinity for tRNALys-3 and supported significantly less (-)-strand DNA synthesis from this primer than the parental heterodimer. In contrast, these variants efficiently synthesized HIV-1 (-)-strand strong-stop DNA from oligonucleotide primers and had minimal effect on RNase H activity, retaining endonucleolytic and directed cleavage of an RNA/DNA hybrid. Structural features of binary RT.tRNALys-3 complexes were examined by in situ footprinting, via susceptibility to 1, 10-phenanthroline-copper-mediated cleavage. Unlike wild type RT, mutants p66(K311Q)/p51 and p66(K311E)/p51 failed to protect the tRNA anticodon domain from chemical cleavage, indicating a significant structural alteration in the binary RT.tRNA complex. These results suggest a crevice in the p66 thumb subdomain of HIV-1 RT supports an interaction with the tRNALys-3 anticodon loop critical for efficient (-)-strand DNA synthesis.
Study of Bovine Pulmonary Response to Pasteurella haemolytica: Pulmonary Macrophage Response (1980)

A resistance state was produced in the bovine lung by exposing calves to an aerosolized mist of Pasteurella haemolytica. Verification of the resistant state was determined by an increase in clearance of P haemolytica from lungs of exposed calves vs lungs from nonexposed calves over 24 hours. Bovine pulmonary macrophages isolated from lung washings of calves exposed to P haemolytica and from lungs of nonexposed calves failed to phagocytize P haemolytica in vitro. Whole serum, pulmonary immunoglobulin (Ig) A, and IgG from exposed and nonexposed calves did not enhance phagocytosis as measured by 14C uptake or fluorescent antibody staining.