gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additives for Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems: A Review (2012)

Abstract : The use of both fixed and portable water mist systems for fire suppression on naval vessels continues to increase. There are several reasons for this. Water mist produces no acid gases and therefore can be discharged in a space where persons are present. It consists of small water droplets (average mean diameter of 90% of the droplets less than 300μm) that rapidly reduce the temperature in a space. The effectiveness of water mist in cooling a space reduces the volume of water necessary to extinguish or suppress a fire. This lessens both the chance of flooding and costs associated with cleanup arising from water damage. In this report the use and efficacy of additives in water mist systems is reviewed. In most instances, additives have been investigated to determine if they will improve the efficacy of a water mist fire suppression system. Additives that have been investigated include film forming additives for Class B fires (generally fluorinated surfactants), alkali metals salts, transition metal chlorides, sulphates, phosphates and organic compounds such as sucrose and urea. In other instances, the additives were required to depress of the freezing point of the water used in the suppression systems. These suppression systems were proposed for use in conditions where the system might be exposed to temperatures below the freezing point of pure water. The additives included compounds such as potassium acetate and propylene glycol. The subsequent testing studied the effect of the additives on the water mist systems efficacy in suppressing a fire. Where information is available, the toxicity and other concerns associated with the use of additives are discussed.
XML based open tool for anomalies detection in firewall filtering rules (2007)

In our days, firewalls are widely deployed to secure both hosts and networks against attacks and unwanted data flows. They control incoming and outgoing packets based on filtering rules' lists which reflect the desired security policy. Therefore, filtering rules must be coherent, well edited and free from anomalies and mainly on the case of distributed firewalls. Many approaches, consequently, are developed to analyze access lists and validate them. In addition, many dedicated languages are used by constructors on the implementation of their firewalls. That's why; we present, in our paper, an open tool which translates all filtering rules languages to a unified representation using XML. Then, we extract their fields from the XML file and analyze them by applying the appropriate algorithm. We have implemented this tool and the first tests show its efficiency.
Structural and optoelectronic properties, and infrared spectrum of cubic BaSnO3 from first principles calculations (2012)

The electronic band structure, density of states, dielectric function, optical absorption, and infrared spectrum of cubic BaSnO3 were simulated using density functional theory, within both the local density and generalized gradient approximations, LDA and GGA, respectively. Dielectric optical permittivities and polarizabilities at ω=0 and ω=∞ were also estimated. Indirect band gaps E(R→Γ) of 1.01 eV (LDA) and 0.74 eV (GGA) were found, which are smaller than the experimental one (≈3.1 eV). A comparison of the calculated cubic BaSnO3 band gap with those of others stannates ASnO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Cd) already published highlights their dependence on each crystal profile. The cubic BaSnO3 effective masses of electrons and holes were computed by parabolic fittings along different directions at the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum, being anisotropic for both electrons and holes. The experimental band gap and calculated effective masses confirm the semiconductor character of cubic BaSnO3. Finally, the vibrational normal modes and the infrared spectrum of cubic BaSnO3 were obtained and assigned.
Bistable reflective displays for paper-like displays (2007)

Many types of bistable reflective displays have been demonstrated so far to target the mobile application market, electronic books and paper-like displays. To ensure as a vital display technology in this market, displays with the characteristics of full color, light weight, low power consumption, high reflectivity and motion picture capability are necessary. In addition, a display technology has to have a cost-effective production method such as using roll-to-roll continuous manufacturing process. This paper will give a comparison on the emergence and evolution of bistable reflective display technologies with bistable cholesteric liquid crystal displays.
Temperature-Dependent Solubility Transition of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in Water and the Effect of NaCl Therein: Solution Structures and Salt Water Dynamics (2014)

Dual, aqueous solubility behavior of Na2SO4 as a function of temperatures is still a natural enigma lying unresolved in the literature. The solubility of Na2SO4 increases up to 32.38 °C and decreases slightly thereafter at higher temperatures. We have thrown light on this phenomenon by analyzing the Na2SO4-water clusters (growth and stability) detected from temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering experiments, solution compressibility changes derived from the density and speed of sound measurements, and water structural changes/Na2SO4 (ion pair)-water interactions observed from the FT-IR and 2D DOSY (1)H NMR spectroscopic investigations. It has been observed that Na2SO4-water clusters grow with an increase in Na2SO4 concentration (until the solubility transition temperature) and then start decreasing afterward. An unusual decrease in cluster size and solution compressibility has been observed with the rise in temperature for the Na2SO4 saturated solutions below the solubility transition temperature, whereas an inverse pattern is followed thereafter. DOSY experiments have indicated different types of water cluster species in saturated solutions at different temperatures with varying self-diffusion coefficients. The effect of NaCl (5-15 wt %) on the solubility behavior of Na2SO4 at different temperatures has also been examined. The studies are important from both fundamental and industrial application points of view, for example, toward the clean separation of NaCl and Na2SO4 from the effluent streams of textile and tannery industries.
Role of the zinc(II) ions in the structure of the three-finger DNA binding domain of the Sp1 transcription factor (1990)

The transcription factor Sp1 from Hela cells contains near the C-terminus of this protein of 778 amino acids three contiguous repeats of an amino acid sequence, -Cys-X4-Cys-X12-His-X3-His-, typical of the Cys2His2-type zinc-finger DNA binding domain first found in transcription factor TFIIIA. A DNA sequence corresponding to the condons from residue 614 to residue 778 of Spl (encompassing the three zinc-finger motifs) has been cloned and overproduced in Escherichia coli. The fragment of Sp1 containing the C-terminal 165 residues plus 2 from the cloning vector, designated Sp1(167*), can be extracted with 5 M urea and then refolded in the presence of Zn(II) to a protein of specific conformation containing 3.0 +/- 0.2 mol of tightly bound Zn(II)/mol of protein. Gel retardation assays using a labeled 14-bp DNA sequence containing a consensus Sp1 binding site show that the refolded Zn(II) protein specifically recognizes the "GC box" sequence in the presence of a large excess of calf thymus DNA. Treatment of Zn(II)Sp1(167*) with 10 mM EDTA results in removal of Zn(II) and the formation of an apoprotein which does not specifically recognize DNA. Cd(II) can be exchanged for Zn(II) in the refolded protein with full retention of specific DNA recognition. This is the first Cys2His2-type "finger" protein where this substitution has been accomplished. Titration of the Zn(II) protein with 6 mol of p-mercuribenzenesulfonate/mol of protein results in the complete release of the three Zn(II) ions. Release of Zn(II) is highly cooperative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modern breaking of Enigma ciphertexts (2017)

“Breaking German Army Ciphers” is the title of a Cryptologia article from 2005, describing the lucky survival of several hundred authentic Enigma messages of World War II, and an account of a ciphertext-only cryptanalysis of a large number of these messages, leaving only a few (mostly short messages) unbroken. After reviewing the work done, and investigating the reasons for both lucky breaks and close misses, the modern ciphertext-only attack on Enigma messages is improved, especially on genuine ones with short lengths and/or many garbles. The difficulties of a proper measure for the candidate’s closeness to a plaintext are clarified. The influence on the decryption process of an empty plugboard and one with only a few correct plugs is examined. The method is extended by a partial exhaustion of the plugboard combined with an optimized hillclimbing strategy. The newly designed software succeeds in breaking formerly unbroken messages.
Design issues for SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (2003)

Recent progress in the growth of strained SiGe epitaxial layers, demonstrating the feasibility of silicon-based heterojunction transistors, is examined. The specific design issues for SiGe HBTs are discussed. These are illustrated by reviewing the experimentally obtained electrical characteristics of recent SiGe-based devices. Analytical and numerical calculations are used to explain the device physics and to assess the potential circuit advantage of SiGe for present and future technologies. Experimental results for a double-polysilicon structure with a non-self-aligned emitter opening are reported. For this type of device the additional degree of freedom available for profile optimization can be employed to enhance f/sub T/, shift the peak f/sub T/ to lower current density, or lower the base sheet resistance. Very good DC operation has been observed at room and low temperature, suggesting improved speed performance over homojunction devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Structure and Total Synthesis of Cassaic Acid<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure and Total Synthesis of Cassaic Acid1,2Richard B. Turner, O. Buchardt, E. Herzog, R. B. Morin, A. Riebel, and J. M. SandersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 8, 1766–1775Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00960a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00960a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pingmesh (2015)

Can we get network latency between any two servers at any time in large-scale data center networks? The collected latency data can then be used to address a series of challenges: telling if an application perceived latency issue is caused by the network or not, defining and tracking network service level agreement (SLA), and automatic network troubleshooting. We have developed the Pingmesh system for large-scale data center network latency measurement and analysis to answer the above question affirmatively. Pingmesh has been running in Microsoft data centers for more than four years, and it collects tens of terabytes of latency data per day. Pingmesh is widely used by not only network software developers and engineers, but also application and service developers and operators.
BENZOCYCLOBUTENE AND BENZOCYCLOBUTADIENE DIMER<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBENZOCYCLOBUTENE AND BENZOCYCLOBUTADIENE DIMER1Michael P. Cava and Donald R. NapierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 2, 500Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01583a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01583a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement of Dye Properties of the Azo Pigment Yellow 12 Using a Micromixer-Based Process (2005)

The properties of coloured pigments are primarily affected by the particle size as well as the size distribution. As both are influenced by the production process, the pigment synthesis of Yellow 12 was investigated using a micromixer apparatus. The micromixer ensures fast mixing by multilamination of thin lamellae and thereby a faster complete mixing of the reactants compared to batch processes. It was found that the micromixer-based process leads to a smaller pigment size distribution. This results in an improvement of the pigment properties. Compared to a commercially available Yellow 12 standard the glossiness was increased by 73% and the transparency by 66% with unchanged tinctorial power.
ELECTROMAGNETIC ANGULAR ROTATION SENSING. (1963)

Faraday ring-laser biasing, without quarterwave plates, is described. Beat frequencies up to 3000 cps have been obtained for fields of 500 gauss using both permanent magnets and electromagnets. For this bias, laser oscillation must occur in a quasi-elliptical mode achieved through Brewster-angle window misalignment. The 108-cm miniature ring laser has shown improved stability, permitting it to be held in the hand and turned and also to be operated on a gyro test table. The current status of this miniature ring and the 8-meter visible ring is described. A graphical technique for the analysis of laser resonator mode configurations has been developed at Sperry by Dr. S. A. Collins. The applications of this technique to ring laser design is presented. An analysis of frequency pulling and mode locking is given, based on the three basic ranges of ring-laser operation: rotation at high angular velocity, rotation at very low angular velocity, and varying rotation from high to lower and lower angular velocities. This work is based on a ring-laser model using a twin-line transmission cable in a closed-loop configuration. Equations are presented describing the linear, cold cavity ring operation in the three ranges. (Author)
Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis with Botulinum Toxin (2005)

Botulinum toxin injection may improve pain over a 3-month period in some patients with lateral epicondylitis, but injections may be associated with digit paresis and weakness of finger extension.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ANALYZING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BANK BRANCHES (1992)

Abstract Productivity analysis and its strategic implications are not only important for manufacturing sector but equally essential for other sectors as well. Branch banking sector is no exception in this sense and banks have to operate more efficiently and effectively in an increasingly competitive environment to sustain or improve their relative positions. This paper discusses the methodology of an empirical study that was employed in analyzing the operating productivities of a set of 44 bank branches of a major commercial bank offering relatively homogeneous products in a multi-market business environment. The methodology was based on the concepts and principles of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results of the study have indicated that this kind of productivity analysis is not only complementary to traditionally used financial ratios but also is a useful bank management tool in reallocating resources between the branches in order to achieve higher efficiencies.
Zoledronic Acid (Zometa<sup>®</sup>) Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect of Gemcitabine and Fluvastatin: In vitro Isobologram Studies with Conventional and Nonconventional Cytotoxic Agents (2006)

Combinations of zoledronic acid with either gemcitabine or fluvastatin may have a therapeutic role in treatment of bone metastasis of selected malignancies.
Metformin acutely lowers blood glucose levels by inhibition of intestinal glucose transport (2019)

Metformin is currently the most prescribed drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. It has been well established that long-term treatment with metformin improves glucose tolerance in mice by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Interestingly, a single dose of orally administered metformin acutely lowers blood glucose levels, however, little is known about the mechanism involved in this effect. Glucose tolerance, as assessed by the glucose tolerance test, was improved in response to prior oral metformin administration when compared to vehicle-treated mice, irrespective of whether the animals were fed either the standard or high-fat diet. Blood glucose-lowering effects of acutely administered metformin were also observed in mice lacking functional AMP-activated protein kinase, and were independent of glucagon-like-peptide-1 or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors signaling. [<sup>18</sup>F]-FDG/PET revealed a slower intestinal transit of labeled glucose after metformin as compared to vehicle administration. Finally, metformin in a dose-dependent but indirect manner decreased glucose transport from the intestinal lumen into the blood, which was observed ex vivo as well as in vivo. Our results support the view that the inhibition of transepithelial glucose transport in the intestine is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels during an early response to oral administration of metformin.
Stepped-frequency inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging based on adjacent pulse correlation integration and coherent processing (2011)

The high range resolution profile (HRRP) can be reconstructed by combining frequency bands coherently for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of a moving target in stepped-frequency (SF) radar systems. However, the range migration and phase errors among sub-pulses in a pulse train caused by the target translational motion results in difficulty for HRRP synthesis of SF sub-pulses. In order to compensate the translational motion for SF ISAR imaging, a novel method based on adjacent pulses correlation integration and coherent processing is proposed in this study. Firstly, the radial motion parameters can be estimated by the adjacent pulses correlation integration for the range echo envelope in a pulse train. Owing to strong coherence between two adjacent pulses, the correlation integration achieves high gain of signal-to-noise ratio. It is robust to noise ensuring precise estimation of translational motion. Secondly, after compensating the phase errors, the HRRP can be reconstructed by the combination of frequency bands coherently and the inverse Fourier transform. Finally, a nice ISAR image of a moving target can be obtained by conventional range–Doppler algorithm (RDA). In the end, simulated and real data are used to demonstrate the good performance of the method proposed in this study.
Perceived family history risk and symptomatic diagnosis of prostate cancer (2008)

Together, these results indicate that appreciating greater risk for PrCA is not sufficient to ensure that men will intend, or be able, to act. Increased trust in physicians may be a useful, central marker that efforts to reduce disparities in access to medical care are succeeding.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Histoplasmosis: 2007 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2007)

Evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. These updated guidelines replace the previous treatment guidelines published in 2000 (Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30:688-95). The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for patients who either have these infections or may be at risk for them. Since 2000, several new antifungal agents have become available, and clinical trials and case series have increased our understanding of the management of histoplasmosis. Advances in immunosuppressive treatment for inflammatory disorders have created new questions about the approach to prevention and treatment of histoplasmosis. New information, based on publications from the period 1999-2006, are incorporated into this guideline document. In addition, the panel added recommendations for management of histoplasmosis in children for those aspects that differ from aspects in adults.