gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of interactive multivariate data visualisation to the analysis of patient findings in metabolic research (2003)

In this paper, methods for multivariate data projection, the resulting feature map display, and interactive visual analysis are applied in an interdisciplinary cooperation for the analysis of patient findings in metabolic research. From a medical database collected in corresponding research, data sets were subject to preprocessing, projection, and visual analysis. Globally significant parameters could be identified by this work, that coincide with certain patient groups, e.g. characterised by the attributes of sex and diabetes. Further, the visualisation techniques opened a way to find local correlations and interdependencies between parameters within subgroups. The medical analysis is supported by a recent dedicated PC-based tool that allows the processing and interactive visualisation of the medical databases by means of novel features and techniques.
TREM-like transcript-1: at the frontier between haemostasis and inflammation (2011)

TLT-1 ( TREM-like transcript-1) est un nouveau recepteur plaquettaire recemment caracterise et jouant un role important dans la biologie de la plaquette. TLT-1 appartient a la famille TREM ( triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells), composee d’immunorecepteurs exprimes par les cellules de l’immunite innee. TLT-1 est exclusivement exprime par les megacaryocytes et les plaquettes, inclus dans les granules α et rapidement adresse a la membrane plasmique lors de l’activation plaquettaire. De par ses capacites a lier le fibrinogene et a moduler les flux calciques intraplaquettaires, mais egalement a moduler la reponse inflammatoire, TLT-1 pourrait jouer un role important dans le maintien de l’homeostasie vasculaire en regulant l’agregation et l’inflammation localement en cas de dommages tissulaires ou d’infection. Une meilleure comprehension du role et de la regulation de TLT-1 et surtout la capacite de moduler son activite permettront tres certainement le developpement de nouvelles approches therapeutiques.
Mechanisms of impaired endothelium-dependent cerebral vasodilatation in response to bradykinin in hypertensive rats. (1991)

Bradykinin produces less dilatation of pial arterioles in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. The goals of this study were to determine the mediator of bradykinin-induced dilatation in cerebral arterioles of rats and to determine whether responses to this mediator are altered in hypertensive rats. Diameter of pial arterioles (20-65 microns) was measured using intravital microscopy in 18 normotensive and 17 hypertensive rats. Superfusion of 3 x 10(-7) M bradykinin dilated pial arterioles by 53 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) in normotensive rats but only 33 +/- 6% in hypertensive rats (p less than 0.05 versus normotensive rats). Vasodilatation in response to bradykinin was almost completely inhibited by 280 units/ml catalase in both normotensive and hypertensive rats (n = 7 and n = 7, respectively) whereas 150 units/ml superoxide dismutase (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively) and 1 mM deferoxamine (n = 5 and n = 5, respectively) did not attenuate bradykinin-induced vasodilatation. These findings suggest that hydrogen peroxide is the mediator of bradykinin-induced dilatation in cerebral arterioles of rats. We also examined responses of cerebral arterioles to hydrogen peroxide in five normotensive and six hypertensive rats. Dilator responses of cerebral arterioles to 3.2 x 10(-5) M to 1.6 x 10(-4) M hydrogen peroxide did not differ in normotensive and hypertensive rats, which suggests that impaired dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to bradykinin is not related to altered responsiveness of smooth muscle to an endothelium-derived relaxing factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Epigenome scans and cancer genome sequencing converge on <i>WNK2</i> , a kinase-independent suppressor of cell growth (2007)

Human cancer genome and epigenome projects aim to identify new cancer genes and targets for therapy that have been overlooked by conventional approaches. Here we integrated large-scale genomics and epigenomics of 31 human infiltrative gliomas and identified low-frequency deletion and highly recurrent epigenetic silencing of WNK2, encoding a putative serine/threonine kinase. Prior cancer genome sequencing projects also identified point mutations in WNK1-4, suggesting that WNK family genes may have a role in cancers. We observed consistent gene silencing in tumors with dense aberrant methylation across 1.3 kb of the CpG island but more variable expression when the 5'-most region remained unmethylated. This primary tumor data fit well with WNK2 promoter analysis, which showed strong promoter activity in the 5'-most region, equivalent to the simian virus 40 promoter, but no activity in the 3' region. WT WNK2 exhibited autophosphorylation and protein kinase activity that was enhanced in cells exposed to hypertonic conditions, similar to WNK1. WNK2 inhibited up to 78% of colony formation by glioma cells but in an unexpectedly kinase-independent manner. The WNK2 silencing by epigenetic mechanisms was significantly associated (P < 0.01) with a known genetic signature of chemosensitive oligodendroglial tumors, 1p and 19q deletion, in two small but independent tumor sets. Taken together, the epigenetic silencing, occasional deletion and point mutation, and functional assessment suggest that aberrations of WNK2 may contribute to unregulated tumor cell growth. Thus, our integrated genetic and epigenetic approach might be useful to identify genes that are widely relevant to cancer, even when genetic alterations of the locus are infrequent.
Specular reflection in spin valves bounded by NiO layers (1998)

We have experimentally investigated the possibility of increased electron reflectivity induced by an insulating NiO layer that is used to exchange bias a metallic spin-valve. For this purpose Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20//Cu/Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20/ and Ni/sub 66/Fe/sub 16/Co/sub 18//Cu/Co/sub 90/Fe/sub 10/ spin-valves were grown and subsequently covered by insulating NiO or by metallic FeMn. In all cases the giant magnetoresistance of the NiO spin-valves is systematically larger upon a variation of the exchange-biased ferromagnetic layer thickness, also after correcting the data for the conductivity of FeMn which we have determined from a separately grown series of samples with variable FeMn thickness. The increased giant magnetoresistance ratios can be qualitatively understood on the basis of a semiclassical calculation in which (partial) specular reflectivity at the NiO interface has been included.
Inhibition of radiation carcinogenesis in mice by S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid. (1984)

We have demonstrated that S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) given to mice prior to ionizing radiation inhibits development of radiation-induced sarcomas. The right hind legs of C3Hf/Kam mice were exposed to single doses of gamma-rays ranging from 3400 to 5700 rads. Thirty min before irradiation, approximately one-half of the mice were given i.p. injections of WR-2721 (400 mg/kg). Mice were checked for development of radiation-induced tumors within the irradiated tissue of legs from 250 up to 786 days after irradiation. Tumors first appeared in both groups of mice at approximately 300 days after irradiation. Thereafter, the rate of tumor development was slower in mice that received both WR-2721 and leg irradiation. At the end of the observation period, the overall actuarial tumor incidence in these mice was 26%, compared to 87% in mice exposed to radiation only. Since WR-2721 has the ability to protect against radiation carcinogenesis, it may also afford protection against the carcinogenic effect of alkylating agents.
Demonstration of the use of an Optical Fibre Combiner with Low Loss to connect Four Single Mode Fibres to one Photo-receiver (2010)

New design for an optical fibre combiner connecting four single mode fibres to one photo-receiver with ~1 dB insertion loss is studied. This new combiner increases the optical budget for the Passive Optical Network (PON) architecture.
Applications of microfabrication technology to x-ray laser cavities (1988)

We have fabricated new, efficient x-ray optical components (x-ray mirrors, beamsplitters, and highly dispersive multilayer mirrors) and have used them to build an x-ray laser cavity. With our laser cavity, we have demonstrated multipass amplification of soft x rays with significant enhancement (&gt;20×) of the x-ray laser emission. This is an important first step in the ultimate conversion of x-ray amplifier media into true x-ray lasers with optimized coherence and divergence properties. We used advanced microfabrication techniques to fabricate the key laser cavity components which require precise layering of alternating materials, thin-film membrane technology, and precise patterning. The x-ray laser requirements, fabrication details, and characterization results for these cavity components are discussed.
Oscillometric Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Estimated With the Vicorder Device (2012)

Carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Noninvasive approach has made this method applicable for the examination of larger populations. This study aimed to obtain reference values of PWV measured with the Vicorder device. PWV was obtained using the oscillometric Vicorder in 318 healthy, normotensive patients (165 women, 28.7±17.6 years, range 6-83 years). A plethysmographic sensor was placed over the right carotid region to pick up the carotid pulse wave and a blood pressure cuff was placed around the upper thigh to trace the femoral pulse wave. Path length was defined as the distance from the suprasternal notch to the top of the thigh cuff. Mean PWV was 6.1±1.4 m/s and significantly increased with age (r=.842; P<.0001). PWV was associated with mean arterial pressure (r=.546; P<.0001) and body mass index (r=.396; P<.0001). In a multiple linear regression model, age, mean arterial pressure, and body height emerged as independent markers for PWV. This study established reference values for carotid to femoral PWV derived by oscillometric measures that can now be used for risk stratification.
Noninvasively determined muscle oxygen saturation is an early indicator of central hypovolemia in humans (2007)

Ten healthy human volunteers were subjected to progressive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to the onset of cardiovascular collapse to compare the response of noninvasively determined skin and fat corrected deep muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and pH to standard hemodynamic parameters for early detection of imminent hemodynamic instability. Muscle SmO2 and pH were determined with a novel near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) technique. Heart rate (HR) was measured continuously via ECG, and arterial blood pressure (BP) and stroke volume (SV) were obtained noninvasively via Finometer and impedance cardiography on a beat-to-beat basis. SmO2 and SV were significantly decreased during the first LBNP level (-15 mmHg), whereas HR and BP were late indicators of impending cardiovascular collapse. SmO2 declined in parallel with SV and inversely with total peripheral resistance, suggesting, in this model, that SmO2 is an early indicator of a reduction in oxygen delivery through vasoconstriction. Muscle pH decreased later, suggesting an imbalance between delivery and demand. Spectroscopic determination of SmO2 is noninvasive and continuous, providing an early indication of impending cardiovascular collapse resulting from progressive reduction in central blood volume.
Wideband Coupler Components For The Subscriber Loop (1988)

With the telephone trunk lines in place, the telephone operating companies and CATV corporations are intending to bring fiber optic technology directly to the home using a singlemode bidirectional fiber network. The obvious advantages are the enhanced services that could be provided by the enormous information capacity available using optical fiber.
Epoxy Resin/Ionic Liquid Systems: The Influence of Imidazolium Cation Size and Anion Type on Reactivity and Thermomechanical Properties (2012)

The epoxy compositions with ionic liquids (ILs) differing in the alkyl chain length of imidazolium cation (butyl or decyl), anion type [N(CN)2¯, BF4¯, Cl¯], as well as ILs concentration (1, 3, and 9 phr) have been prepared, and their curing characteristics at ambient and elevated temperatures have been investigated. Rheometric, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed substantial differences in the curing characteristics dependent mainly on the IL anion type and its concentration. TGA results showed that thermal decomposition of IL influenced the onset temperature of epoxy resins cross-linking reactions during heat treatment. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis measurements showed that the type of IL anion had an effect on Tg and tan δ values as well. For materials cross-linked with ILs containing dicyanamide anion the highest Tg (ca. 170 °C) and the lowest tan δ (0.26) values have been found. On the basis of the obtained results and literature data the mechanism of epoxy resin cross-linking in the presence of imidazolium ionic liquids has been proposed.
Delay fault coverage enhancement using multiple test observation times (2002)

It has been demonstrated that delay fault coverage loss could be significant if improper propagation paths are used. This occurs when the delay test pair of a target propagation path cannot be effectively generated by an ATPG tool, or when stuck-at test patterns are used as transition (or gate) delay test patterns. In this work, an efficient method is proposed to reduce the amount of fault coverage loss by using multiple observation times. The basic idea is to offset the shorter propagation paths (really used) by tightening the observation times. Given a probability distribution of defect sizes and a set of slack differences, this method is able to locate several observation times that result in small fault coverage loss.
Measuring the Degree of Crystallinity in Semicrystalline Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (2016)

By using a combination of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), mass density, and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, a quantification of the absolute degree of crystallinity in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) is presented. A regiorandom P3HT (rra-P3HT), lacking long-range order, was used to separate the crystalline contribution from the total scattering in WAXD, thus yielding degrees of crystallinity in the range of 47–56% at room temperature for three different rr-P3HTs. For the same rr-P3HT with identical processing history, NMR yields degrees of crystallinity that are consistently ∼10% greater than that obtained by WAXD, which can only be explained by ordered chain segments in the amorphous phase. NMR results also suggest that rra-P3HT contains weakly ordered chain segments, which likely contribute to an underestimation of degree of crystallinity when determined from mass density measurements, if rra-P3HT is used to approximate a fully amorphous P3HT. The results shown in this study provide direct proof of three different types of P3HT chain segments: crystallites (i.e., long-range ordered chain packing), amorphous phase (i.e., disordered chain packing), and short-range ordered chain packing embedded in the amorphous phase. The presence of the short-range ordered chain packing is particularly important when correlating the morphology to macroscopic charge transport properties in P3HT-based devices. In general, those locally ordered chain segments, though not constituting a distinct phase, are believed to be of critical importance in determining the transport characteristics of conjugated semiconducting polymers with or without a distinct crystalline phase present.
Candida–Epithelial Interactions (2018)

A plethora of intricate and dynamic molecular interactions occur between microbes and the epithelial cells that form the mucosal surfaces of the human body. Fungi, particularly species of <i>Candida</i>, are commensal members of our microbiota, continuously interacting with epithelial cells. Transient and localised perturbations to the mucosal environment can facilitate the overgrowth of fungi, causing infection. This minireview will examine the direct and indirect mechanisms by which <i>Candida</i> species and epithelial cells interact with each other, and explore the factors involved in the central processes of adhesion, invasion, and destruction of host mucosal surfaces.
Finding roots of polynomials over finite fields (2002)

We propose an improved algorithm for finding roots of polynomials over finite fields. This makes possible significant speedup of the decoding process of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem, Reed-Solomon, and some other error-correcting codes.
Inducible and Constitutive β-Defensins Are Differentially Expressed in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (2003)

Antimicrobial peptides such as defensins provide nonspecific mucosal defense against a multitude of microorganisms. Recently, it has been shown that luminal bacteria may invade the mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases, suggesting a defect in innate mucosal immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of human beta-defensins (HBD) in controls, Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and unspecific inflammation. Up to 4 biopsies were taken from 103 patients (33 controls, 24 with Crohn's disease, 36 with ulcerative colitis, 10 with unspecific colitis). Mucosal mRNA was measured using real-time fluorescence temperature cycler reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers for HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 8. Mucosal HBD-1 expression was marginally decreased in both CD and UC. HBD-2 was increased exclusively in UC but not in CD. The expression of the novel defensin HBD-3 was strongly correlated with HBD-2 and also raised predominantly in UC. The expression of both inducible beta-defensins was enhanced in the state of inflammation. Expression of HBD-2 showed a weak correlation with interleukin 8 only in inflamed CD biopsies but not with tumor necrosis factor alpha. The missing induction of both inducible beta-defensins in CD as compared with UC may cause a defect in barrier function that predisposes to bacterial invasion.
Experimentally Determined Redox Potentials of Individual (<i>n</i>,<i>m</i>) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Nanotubes reveal their potential: The fabrication of a thin film that retains isolated single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) allows the experimental determination of the redox potentials of many individual SWNTs that have different chirality indexes (n,m). The method is simple and applicable to all individual SWNTs whose near-IR photoluminescence (PL) is detectable (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simple pyrimidines. Part X. The formation and reactivity of 2-, 4-, and 5-pyrimidinyl sulphones and sulphoxides (1967)

The hitherto unknown sulphones (2-, 4-, and 5-methylsulphonyl- and 2-phenylsulphonyl-pyrimidine) and sulphoxides (2-, 4-, and 5-methylsulphinyl- and 2-phenylsulphinyl-pyrimidine) are prepared from the corresponding thioethers by oxidative methods. 2-Phenylsulphonylpyrimidine is also made from 2-chloropyrimidine with sodium benzenesulphinate. The 2- and 4-derivatives undergo a variety of ready nucleophilic displacement reactions on a preparative scale, and second-order rate constants for their aminolysis by pentylamine or cyclohexylamine in dimethyl sulphoxide are reported. These figures indicate that the sulphones and sulphoxides are a little more reactive than the corresponding chloropyrimidines, and >105-times as reactive as the thioethers from which they are derived. Both 2-sulphones undergo an unprecedented reduction by hydriodic acid to 2-methyl (or phenyl) thiopyrimidine. The base-weakening effect of sulphonyl or sulphinyl substituents on pyrimidine is marked in the 2- and 4-derivatives but minimal in the 5-isomers.
Chromatography of Suspensions. An Absolute Particle Size Detector Based on Turbidity-Spectra Analysis (1978)

Abstract Herein is reported the theoretical basis for an absolute particle size detector based on turbidity-spectra analysis for the chromatography of spherical suspensions in the submicron range. A suitable detector for this purpose would be a variable wavelength spectrophotometer with very rapid scan in the wavelength range, 200–900 nm. It is proposed that such a detector be used with a liquid chromatograph which separates a spherical particle suspension according to size. An absolute detector of this kind would, to a large extent, overcome limitations of the chromatographic technique such as relatively poor resolution, flow rate variations and the lack of a particle diameter-retention volume calibration curve.
Multi-Antenna Downlink Broadcast Using Compressed-Sensed Medium Access (2010)

In this paper, we propose a method for user selection and channel estimation using compressed sensing. In particular, we consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink broadcast scenario. We establish that full channel state information (and not just channel quality) for each self-selecting user can be obtained at the base-station via compressed sensing with no increase in overhead for the uplink feedback channel. We demonstrate the new method as a medium access technique for MIMO downlink broadcast with transmitter precoding and linear receiver processing.
Targeting Metabolism as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmunity, Inflammation, and Transplantation (2017)

Immune cell activation and differentiation occurs concurrently with metabolic reprogramming. This ensures that activated cells generate the energy and substrates necessary to perform their specified function. Likewise, the metabolic programs among different cells of the immune system vary. By targeting different metabolic pathways, these differences allow for selective regulation of immune responses. Further, the relative susceptibility of cells to a metabolic inhibitor is dictated by their metabolic demands; cellular selectivity is based on demand. Therefore, where differences exist in metabolic pathways between healthy and pathogenic cells, there is opportunity for selective regulation with agents lacking intrinsic specificity. There are now a host of studies demonstrating how inhibitors of metabolism (e.g., glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation) can regulate immune responses and treat immune-mediated pathogenesis. In this brief review we detail how inhibitors of metabolism can be employed to regulate immune responses in both autoimmunity and transplantation.