gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tesis Doctoral: análisis del conocimiento profesional del profesor de matemáticas de enseñanza secundaria y el concepto de función como objeto de enseñanza-aprendizaje: aportaciones metodológicas (1997)

EL PROBLEMA TRATADO EN ESTA TESIS SUSCITA DOS CUESTIONES, UNA CONCEPTUAL Y OTRA METODOLOGICA. EL CONOCIMIENTO PROFESIONAL DEL PROFESOR DE MATEMATICAS DE ENSENANZA SECUNDARIA Y LAS FUNCIONES COMO OBJETO DE ENSENANZA-APRENDIZAJE, Y LA PROFUNDIZACION EN METODOLOGIAS QUE POSIBILITE UNA DESCRIPCION DE DICHO CONOCIMIENTO. NOS HEMOS PLANTEADO LA INVESTIGACION COMO UN ESTUDIO DE CASO Y HEMOS REALIZADO UNA ADAPTACION DE LA TECNICA DE REJILLAS COMO UNA FORMA DE EXPLICITAR CONTENIDO ESTRUCTURA DEL CONOCIMIENTO PROFESIONAL DEL PROFESOR DE MATEMATICAS. LA ADAPTACION QUE HEMOS DISENADO Y UTILIZADO NOS PERMITE OBTENER INFORMACION DE LAS COGNICIONES DE LOS PROFESORES DESDE SUS PROPIOS SISTEMAS DE REFERENCIAS. LA REFLEXIONY PROFUNDIZACION REALIZADA NOS HA POSIBILITADO UNA APROXIMACION A LA CARACTERIZACION DEL CONOCIMIENTO PROFESIONAL DEL PROFESOR DE MATEMATICAS VINCULADO A UN CONTENIDO ESPECIFICO A TRAVES DE DOS IDEAS TEORICAS: LOS ASPECTOS CARACTERISTICOS, SEGUN EL PROFESOR, DE LOS DOMINIOS CONSIDERADOS, Y LOS PROCESOS INTERPRETATIVOS A TRAVES DE LOS QUE EL PROFESOR DESCRIBE DICHOS ASPECTOS. EL ANALISIS DE ESTAS DIMENSIONES NOS HA PERMITIDO HACER INFERENCIAS RESPECTO A LA ESTRUCTURA Y EL CONTENIDO DEL CONOCIMIENTO PROFESIONAL DEL PROFESOR DE MATEMATICAS, ASI COMO EXPLICITAR EL CARACTER INTEGRADO DE DICHO CONOCIMIENTO, FRUTO DE LA ACCION PROFESIONAL, Y PREGUNTARNOS POR LA MANERA EN QUE SE HA LLEGADO A ESSA SITUACION. ASI MISMO, DESDE NUESTRO TRABAJO SE DEDUCEN UNA SERIE DE IMPLICACIONES Y NECESIDADES REFERIDAS BASICAMENTE A LA FORMACION DE PROFESORES DE MATEMATICAS DE ENSENANZA SECUNDARIA.
Beta-chemokines and protection from HIV type 1 disease. (1998)

A small revolution has occurred in the field of AIDS research. A number of chemokines, most of which belong to the CC or beta family, were found by us and others to inhibit HIV infection potently and specifically. The mechanism of such inhibition was shown to be at the level of receptor binding, as these chemokines are binding to receptors that mediate HIV infection. Therefore, chemokines effectively block entry of HIV. Although chemokines have a natural function as chemoattractants, it is intriguing to think that in crossing their path with the virus, they constitute the first example of a naturally occurring soluble molecule, other than antibodies, that can specifically prevent infection. Thus, chemokines could play a role in protective immunity against HIV infection together with other classic correlates, such as neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T cells, and some clinical studies suggest that this is indeed the case. Here we review and analyze some of the basic and clinical science that led to the elucidation of the role of chemokines and their receptor in protection from HIV infection.
New method of peptide cleavage based on Edman degradation (2013)

A straightforward cleavage method for N- acylated peptides based on the phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) formation is presented. The procedure could be applied to acid-stable resins, such as TentaGel HL-NH[Formula: see text]. We designed a cleavable linker that consists of a lysine residue with the [Formula: see text]-amino group blocked by Boc, whereas the [Formula: see text]-amino group is used for peptide synthesis. After the peptide assembly is completed, the protecting groups in peptide side chains are removed using trifluoroacetic acid, thus liberating also the [Formula: see text]-amino group of the lysine in the linker. Then the reaction with phenyl isothiocyanate followed by acidolysis causes an efficient peptide release from the resin as a stable PTH derivative. Furthermore, the application of a fixed charge tag in the form of 2-(4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octylammonium)acetyl group increases ionization efficiency and reduces the detection limit, allowing ESI-MS/MS sequencing of peptides in the subfemtomolar range. The proposed strategy is compatible with standard conditions during one-bead-one-compound peptide library synthesis. The applicability of the developed strategy in combinatorial chemistry was confirmed using a small training library of [Formula: see text]-chymotrypsin substrates.
Server operational cost optimization for cloud computing service providers over a time horizon (2011)

Service providers are migrating to on-demand cloud computing services to unburden the task of managing infrastructure, while cloud computing providers expand the number of servers in their data centers because of the increase in load. With this growing need, their energy consumption increases significantly. Conserving energy and reducing the operational cost while satisfying the service level agreement (SLA) becomes important in order to reduce both carbon emissions and the budget for cloud computing providers. On the other hand, the aggregated demands for different services are dynamic over a time horizon. We present a multi-time period optimization model for saving the operational cost by combining two factors: 1)Dynamic Voltage/Frequency Scaling (DVFS), 2)turning servers on/off over a time horizon. We show the impact of the granularity of the duration of the time slots and frequency options on optimal solutions. A parametric study on varying cost of turning servers on/off and power consumption is also presented. 1
Determination of nitrate in water with an ammonia probe (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of nitrate in water with an ammonia probeJohn. Mertens, Pierre. Van den Winkel, and D. L. MassartCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 3, 522–526Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60353a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60353a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Breast cancer treatment choice and mastectomy length of stay: a comparison of HMO and other privately insured women. (1998)

This study uses hospital discharge abstract data from five states (Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, and California) for two years (1988 and 1991) to investigate whether enrollment in an HMO affects nonelderly breast cancer patients' treatment choice (breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy) and hospital length of stay for women who have a mastectomy. Since HMO insurance creates financial incentives that differ from other types of insurance coverage, it is important to assess whether the type of insurance coverage affects the care received by breast cancer patients. Although the results vary from state to state, they suggest that HMO enrollees are less likely to receive breast-conserving surgery (relative odds =.93). However, an unambiguous interpretation of this findings requires better data on patients' opportunity costs and preferences, which also may vary with type of insurance coverage. Among women who had a mastectomy, HMO enrollment was generally associated with a 4.5% shorter average length of stay and a greater likelihood of a short stay (one or two days, relative odds = 1.21-1.29). A much higher proportion of mastectomy patients in California than in other states had a short stay. Follow-up of these women may indicate whether short stays lead to adverse long-term health effects.
Breakdown of self/nonself recognition in cannibalistic strains of the predatory slime mold, Dictyostelium caveatum. (1986)

Dictyostelium caveatum amebas feed upon both bacteria and the amebas of other cellular slime molds. The capacity to feed extensively upon other cellular slime molds is unique to D. caveatum amebas. They are able to phagocytose amebas larger than themselves by nibbling pieces of the cells until they are small enough to ingest. Here we report the isolation from previously cloned stock cultures of stable, cannibalistic strains of D. caveatum in which self/nonself recognition has broken down. Because of the extensive cannibalism, amebas of these strains do not complete multicellular development, and instead wander about for long periods while feeding upon each other. Although the cannibalistic behavior resembles that exhibited by the presumably diploid giant cells in the sexual cycle of other cellular slime molds, these strains are haploid and do not form macrocysts.
AGV routing for conflict resolution in AGV systems (2003)

Automated guided vehicles (AGV) systems are important for material handling in automated manufacturing systems (AMS). However, it is a great challenge to effectively manage them due to some of their features, e.g., the number of AGVs being fixed., prior unknown requests, and changing AGV initial positions. This paper aims to find the shortest time routing while both deadlock and blocking in them are avoided. We first find the shortest routing based on a layout of an AGV system, and then perform rerouting whenever necessary to avoid deadlock and blocking according to a deadlock avoidance policy previously developed by the authors. The algorithms are presented and illustrated through examples.
Evolution of Cryptosporidium parvum Lactate Dehydrogenase from Malate Dehydrogenase by a Very Recent Event of Gene Duplication (2003)

We have expressed the L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and L-malate dehydrogenase (malDH) genes from the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum (CpLDH1 and CpMalDH1) as maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The substrate specificities, enzymatic kinetics, and oligomeric states of these two parasite enzymes have been characterized. By taking advantage of recently completed and ongoing apicomplexan genome sequencing projects, we identified additional MalDH genes from Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Eimeria tenella that were previously unavailable. All apicomplexan MalDHs appeared to be cytosolic and no organellar homologs were identified from the completely sequenced P. falciparum genome and other ongoing apicomplexan genome-sequencing projects. Using these expanded apicomplexan LDH and MalDH sequence databases, we reexamined their phylogenetic relationships and reconfirmed their relationship to alpha-proteobacterial MalDHs. All LDH and MalDH enzymes from apicomplexans were monophyletic within the LDH-like MalDH group (i.e., MalDH resembling LDH) as a sister to alpha-proteobacterial MalDHs. All apicomplexan LDHs, with the exception of CpLDH1, formed a separate clade from their MalDH counterparts, indicating that these LDHs were evolved from an ancestral apicomplexan MalDH by a gene duplication coupled with functional conversion before the expansion of apicomplexans. Finally, CpLDH1 was consistently placed together with CpMalDH1 within the apicomplexan MalDH cluster, confirming an early working hypothesis that CpLDH1 was probably evolved from the same ancestor of CpMalDH1 by a very recent gene duplication that occurred after C. parvum diverged from other apicomplexans.
Effect of proper oral hygiene on gingivitis and dental caries in Swedish schoolchildren (1975)

The present paper reports the effect of a 3-year study of regularly repeated professional toothcleaning on oral hygiene status, gingivitis, and dental caries. At the initiation of the study in 1971, the children were 7-8 years old (Group 1), 10-11 (Group 2) or 13-14 (Group 3). The children were divided into test and control groups. Before the study all the children were examined regarding oral hygiene, state of the gingiva and dental caries. Throughout the 3-year period the controls brushed their teeth with a 0.2% sodium fluoride solution once a month under supervision. During the first 2 years of the trial all the children of the test groups were given professional oral prophylaxis once every second week during the school terms. During the third year the interval between consecutive prophylactic sessions was prolonged to 4 weeks in Groups 1 and 2 and to 8 weeks in Group 3. The results demonstrated that regularly repeated professional cleaning of the teeth combined with fluoride applications and toothbrushing instructions, over a 3-year period in schoolchildren resulted in the establishment and maintenance of excellent oral hygiene standards. Inflammation of the marginal gingiva almost entirely disappeared, and practically no new carious lesions developed.
Interferon-gamma plays a key role in the human mixed lymphocyte culture. (1996)

Measurement of cytokines in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is thought to be a new and relevant parameter for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Our experiments showed that IFN-gamma plays a central role in the cytokine network following alloantigenic recognition. IFN-gamma itself is induced by IL-2 since anti-IL-2 strongly reduced the secretion of IFN-gamma. As anti-IFN-gamma also diminished the response of IL-2 and sIL-2R, a feedback mechanism between these two cytokines is assumed. Addition of rIFN-gamma to the MLC augmented the release of sCD8 molecules, whereas sCD4 molecules were reduced, indicating that IFN-gamma led to T cell differentiation instead of IL-2 dependent proliferation. In the MLC, a feedback mechanism between TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma exists, since anti-TNF-gamma reduced the secretion of IFN-gamma and anti-IFN-gamma inhibited the release of TNF-alpha. Therefore, IFN-gamma plays a critical role in monocyte activation, T cell differentiation, and IL-2-induced cell growth. We conclude that measurement of IFN-gamma might be a new and more sensitive parameter for BMT than the established proliferation assay, since IFN-gamma directly quantifies T cell activation.
Controlling image size as a function of distance and wavelength in Fresnel-transform reconstruction of digital holograms (2004)

A method for controlling the size of amplitude and phase images reconstructed from digital holograms by the Fresnel-transform method is proposed and demonstrated. The method can provide a constant reconstruction pixel width in the reconstructed image plane, independent of the recording and reconstruction distance. The proposed method makes it possible to maintain the size of an object for a sequence of digital holograms recorded at different distances and, therefore, to subtract phase maps for an object recorded at different distances. Furthermore, the method solves the problem of superimposition in multiwavelength digital holography for color display and holographic interferometry applications.
Controlled synthesis of water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres with ultrathin hydrophilic polymer shells via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (2011)

The first controlled synthesis of pure water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres with ultrathin hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) shells (including both PHEMA brushes and lightly crosslinked PHEMA hydrogel layer) via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is described. The presence of ultrathin hydrophilic polymer shells on the MIP microspheres was confirmed by SEM, FT-IR, fluorescent labeling treatment, contact angle studies, and water dispersion stability test, and some quantitative information including the thickness of the grafted hydrophilic polymer layers as well as the molecular weights and polydispersities of the grafted polymer brushes and their grafting densities was provided. The facile surface-grafting of both PHEMA brushes and PHEMA hydrogel layer on the MIP microspheres proved to be highly efficient for improving their surface hydrophilicity and suppressing the hydrophobically driven nonspecific interactions between the MIPs and template molecules, leading to MIPs with pure water-compatible binding properties. The findings presented here not only prove the general applicability of the controlled hydrophilic polymer brushes-grafting approach in obtaining pure water-compatible MIPs, but also largely extend the scope of this versatile surface-grafting approach through the controlled surface-grafting of hydrophilic polymer hydrogel layer onto the MIPs. Moreover, the significant effect of the chain length of the grafted polymer brushes and the presence of crosslinking in the grafted polymer shells on the surface hydrophilicity and water-compatibility of the MIP microspheres was also demonstrated for the first time, which is of great importance for the rational design of water-compatible MIPs by using this controlled surface-grafting approach.
An Analysis of Constant Bitrate and Constant PSNR Video Encoding for Wireless Networks (2006)

In wireless networks, transmission of constant-quality, high bitrate video is a challenging task due to channel capacity and buffer limitations. Content adaptive rate control, is used as a solution to this problem. Instead of transmitting all of the video content at low quality, the most important content can be transmitted at high quality while still preserving an acceptable quality for the remaining segments. Furthermore, the rate control strategy inside the individual temporal segments plays a key role for the network performance and viewing quality. Although constant quality video encoding inside the temporal segments is preferable for the best viewing experience, it causes more network packet losses due to adverse bitrate fluctuations in the video stream. In cases when the network is too much loaded, it may be better to employ constant bitrate encoding for network friendliness. In this paper, a performance analysis of constant bitrate and constant peak signal-to-noise ratio encoding for content adaptive rate controlled video streaming over wireless networks is presented. Experimental results obtained using AVC/H.264 encoding in a CDMA/HDR multi-user environment with cross-layer optimized scheduling show performance comparisons of CBR and CPSNR encoding.
Effect of Dual Endothelin Receptor Blockade on Ocular Blood Flow in Patients with Glaucoma and Healthy Subjects (2009)

The data from the present study indicate that dual inhibition of endothelin receptors increases ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma and healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to study the dose-response relationship of this effect and to characterize the role of endothelin receptor subtypes.
Quantized systems with randomly corrugated walls and interfaces (1999)

Effect of scattering by random surface inhomogeneities on transport along the walls and localization in ultrathin systems is analyzed. A simple universal surface collision operator is derived outside of the quantum resonance domain. This operator contains all relevant information on statistical and geometrical characteristics of weak roughness and can be used as a general boundary condition on the corrugated surfaces. In effect, the boundary problem for the three-dimensional (3D) transport equation is replaced by the explicit matrix collision operator coupling a set of 2D transport equations. This operator is applied to a variety of systems including ultrathin films and channels with rough walls, particles adsorbed on or bound to rough substrates, multilayer systems with randomly corrugated interfaces, etc. The main emphasis is on quantization of motion between the walls, though the quasiclassical limit is considered as well. The diffusion and mobility coefficients, localization length, and other parameters are expressed analytically or semianalytically via the intrawall and interwall correlation functions of surface corrugation.
Evaluation of shortenings based on various palm oil products (1989)

Abstract Several formulations based on blends of hydrogenated palm oil (MP 41·5°C) and palm stearin (IV 44) with other liquid oils, on direct blends of palm stearin with other liquid oils, and on 100% inter‐esterified palm olein, were used as feedstocks in shortening production. The shortenings were stored at 20°C over a period of one month. Physicochemical characteristics, creaming properties and baking performance of the shortenings were evaluated and compared with the best shortening on the market. Slip melting point of the shortenings ranged from 41·5 to 46·4°C. Palm‐cottonseed oil shortenings had higher solid fat contents at all temperatures than palm‐soya bean or palm‐low erucic acid rapeseed oil shortenings. The shortenings were rich in C 50 , C 52 and C 54 glycerides. Creaming power after 12 min of beating ranged from 1·55 to 1·77 cm 3 g −1 . Palm stearin‐cottonseed (3:2) oil shortening showed the best creaming performance. The specific volume of cakes ranged, for the experimental shortening, from 90% to 101% from the control, with low erucic acid‐palm blends showing the best performance. In applications for both aerated cream and cakes, inter‐esterified palm olein was excellent.
Super-resolution convolutional neural network for the improvement of the image quality of magnified images in chest radiographs (2017)

Single image super-resolution (SR) method can generate a high-resolution (HR) image from a low-resolution (LR) image by enhancing image resolution. In medical imaging, HR images are expected to have a potential to provide a more accurate diagnosis with the practical application of HR displays. In recent years, the super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN), which is one of the state-of-the-art deep learning based SR methods, has proposed in computer vision. In this study, we applied and evaluated the SRCNN scheme to improve the image quality of magnified images in chest radiographs. For evaluation, a total of 247 chest X-rays were sampled from the JSRT database. The 247 chest X-rays were divided into 93 training cases with non-nodules and 152 test cases with lung nodules. The SRCNN was trained using the training dataset. With the trained SRCNN, the HR image was reconstructed from the LR one. We compared the image quality of the SRCNN and conventional image interpolation methods, nearest neighbor, bilinear and bicubic interpolations. For quantitative evaluation, we measured two image quality metrics, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). In the SRCNN scheme, PSNR and SSIM were significantly higher than those of three interpolation methods (p<0.001). Visual assessment confirmed that the SRCNN produced much sharper edge than conventional interpolation methods without any obvious artifacts. These preliminary results indicate that the SRCNN scheme significantly outperforms conventional interpolation algorithms for enhancing image resolution and that the use of the SRCNN can yield substantial improvement of the image quality of magnified images in chest radiographs.