gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper(II) Mediated Anion Dependent Formation of Schiff Base Complexes (2005)

A tetranuclear mixed ligand copper(II) complex of a pyrazole containing Schiff base and a hydroxyhexahydropyrimidylpyrazole and copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of the Schiff base having N-donor atoms have been investigated. A 2 equiv amount of 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole (MPA) and 2 equiv of 1,3-diamino-2-propanol (1,3-DAP) on reaction with 1 equiv of copper(II) nitrate produce an unusual tetranuclear mixed ligand complex [Cu4(L1)2(L2)2(NO3)2] (1), where H2L1 = 1,3-bis(5-methyl-3-formylpyrazolylmethinimino)propane-2-ol and HL2 = 5-methyl-3-(5-hydroxyhexahydro-2-pyrimidyl)pyrazole. In contrast, a similar reaction with nickel(II) nitrate leads to the formation of a hygroscopic intractable material. On the other hand, the reaction involving 2 equiv of MPA and 1 equiv each of 1,3-DAP and various copper(II) salts gives rise to two types of products, viz. [Cu(T3-porphyrinogen)(H2O)]X2 (X = ClO4, NO3, BF4 (2)) (T3-porphyrinogen = 1,6,11,16-tetraza-5,10,15,20-tetrahydroxy-2,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrinogen) and [Cu(H2L1)X]X x H2O (X = Cl (3), Br (4)). The same reaction carried out with nickel(II) salts also produces two types of compounds [Ni(H2L1)(H2O)2]X2 [X = ClO4 (5), NO3 (6), BF4 (7)] and [Ni(H2L1)X2] x H2O [X = Cl (8), Br (9)]. Among the above species 1, 3, and 5 are crystallographically characterized. In 1, all four copper atoms are in distorted square pyramidal geometry with N4O chromophore around two terminal copper atoms and N5 chromophore around two inner copper atoms. In 3, the copper atom is also in distorted square pyramidal geometry with N4Cl chromophore. The nickel atom in 5 is in a distorted octahedral geometry with N4O2 chromophore, where the metal atom is slightly pulled toward one of the axial coordinated water molecules. Variable-temperature (300 to 2 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements have been carried out for complex 1. The separations between the metal centers, viz., Cu(1)...Cu(2), Cu(2)...Cu(2)A, and Cu(2)A...Cu(1)A are 3.858, 3.89, and 3.858 A, respectively. The overall magnetic behavior is consistent with strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the spin centers. The exchange coupling constants between Cu(1)...Cu(2) and Cu(2)...Cu(2A) centers have turned out to be -305.3 and -400.7 cm(-1), respectively, resulting in a S = 1/2 ground state. The complexes are further characterized by UV-vis, IR, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical studies.
Estimating the Raman Cross Sections of Single Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

The order of magnitude of Raman differential cross sections of radial breathing modes (RBMs) of individual carbon nanotubes is measured for 633 and 785 nm laser excitations. This is shown by both a calibration applied to previously published data from other authors at 785 nm and our own measurements of individual nanotubes at 633 nm excitation. We find typical values of differential cross sections of RBMs to be on the order of approximately 10(-22) cm(2)/sr for resonant nanotubes on a silicon substrate. This study therefore provides a rigorous quantification of the accepted view that Raman cross sections of carbon nanotubes are "huge".
Contrast Sensitivity and Lateral Inhibition Are Enhanced With Macular Carotenoid Supplementation (2017)

Increases in MPOD led to enhanced lateral inhibitory processes, which correspond to improved CS. Because optical filtering has the same net effect on dark versus light bars, it cannot explain these improvements. Improvement in CS with increases in MPOD therefore appears to involve enhancement of the fundamental physiological systems that give rise to edge detection.
Functional Adaptations of Oxygen-Transport Proteins (1998)

Oxygen-transport proteins are multisubunit, circulating molecules that provide an efficient supply of oxygen to metabolically active metazoans. Hemoglobins, hemerythrins and hemocyanins have evolved in both structural and functional diversity and exhibit functional repertoires beyond that of simple, monomeric tissue myoglobins. Their phylogenetic distribution is intriguing, especially with respect to those organisms that express more than one type of oxygen-transport protein. An animal can modify the delivery of oxygen to its tissues by varying the rate of synthesis of these proteins or by selective expression of individual subunits and/or molecules. Changes in levels of allosteric modifiers that affect the protein's oxygenation properties will also modify oxygen delivery; some organisms have more ability than others to control concentrations of modulators. Hemoglobins have assumed functions in addition to oxygen transport, while hemocyanins have diversified through multiple gene duplications and functional specializations. Understanding the mechanisms of regulation of expression, synthesis and modulator levels is a key focus of current investigations.
Design and Evaluation of Clothing for the Neonate (1996)

Every day, countless premature babies begin their lives weeks or even months too early. Because of being born at an early gestational age, the diminutive size of the neonate, coupled with medical problems, creates some unique clothing needs. Hospitals often have difficulty meeting these clothing needs due to budget constraints and general unavailability of the miniature sized and specially adapted clothing. This research used the functional design process as the conceptual framework to design and evaluate clothing for the premature infant in the intensive care setting. Six design criteria were identified from which specifications were developed and their interrelationships explored through an interaction matrix. Prototype garments were evaluated by caregivers in the neonatal intensive care setting in two hospitals. Results indicate that there is a definite need for clothing in a range of sizes with special adaptations for the premature infant in the intensive care setting.
Use of Natural Coralline Biomaterials As Reinforcing and Gas-Forming Agent for Developing Novel Hybrid Biomatrices: Microarchitectural and Mechanical Studies (2006)

This paper describes the first attempt in fabrication of three-dimensional macroporous composites of chitosan and natural coralline material with pore sizes of 300-400 microm, exceeding the upper pore size limit of 250 microm obtained with freeze-dried chitosan-based scaffolds. Natural coral particulates of less than 20 microm, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), was simultaneously used as reinforcing phase and gas-forming agent to obtain a structure with large pores and improved mechanical and biological properties. The reaction between the coralline material and the acidic chitosan polymer solvent, which produced carbon dioxide, was rapidly stopped by the subsequent thermally induced phase separation technique, leaving coralline particulates in the polymeric structure. Scaffolds containing five different proportions of coralline material (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt%) were investigated. The coralline-chitosan weight ratio was studied for its effects on the physical properties of the scaffolds. The relation between scaffold microarchitecture and mechanical properties was assessed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), along with micro-CT imaging and compression testing. The scaffolds were used in bone marrow cell culturing experiments to assess the effect of composition on cell behavior through cell-material interaction and morphological observation by SEM. Higher coralline concentration increased the pore wall thickness and favored large pore formation. Varying the coralline particulate to chitosan polymer ratio from 0 to 75 wt% increased the average pore size from 80 microm to 400 microm while the porosity decreased from 91% to 78%. The compressive modulus was improved proportionally with the coralline content, and the 75 wt% composites had a significantly higher modulus than other chitosan-based scaffold groups. More cells were observed on scaffolds with higher coralline content. The cell culture experiments indicated that the scaffolds containing coralline material might have a high cell affinity, since it allowed fast cell attachment and spreading.
Cells and Extracellular Matrices of Dentin and Pulp: A Biological Basis for Repair and Tissue Engineering (2004)

Odontoblasts produce most of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components found in dentin and implicated in dental mineralization. Major differences in the pulp ECM explain why pulp is normally a non-mineralized tissue. In vitro or in vivo, some dentin ECM molecules act as crystal nucleators and contribute to crystal growth, whereas others are mineralization inhibitors. After treatment of caries lesions of moderate progression, odontoblasts and cells from the sub-odontoblastic Höhl's layer are implicated in the formation of reactionary dentin. Healing of deeper lesions in contact with the pulp results in the formation of reparative dentin by pulp cells. The response to direct pulp-capping with materials such as calcium hydroxide is the formation of a dentinal bridge, resulting from the recruitment and proliferation of undifferentiated cells, which may be either stem cells or dedifferentiated and transdifferentiated mature cells. Once differentiated, the cells synthesize a matrix that undergoes mineralization. Animal models have been used to test the capacity of potentially bioactive molecules to promote pulp repair following their implantation into the pulp. ECM molecules induce either the formation of dentinal bridges or large areas of mineralization in the coronal pulp. They may also stimulate the total closure of the pulp in the root canal. In conclusion, some molecules found in dentin extracellular matrix may have potential in dental therapy as bioactive agents for pulp repair or tissue engineering.
Enhanced light microscopy visualization of virus particles from Zika virus to filamentous ebolaviruses (2017)

Light microscopy is a powerful tool in the detection and analysis of parasites, fungi, and prokaryotes, but has been challenging to use for the detection of individual virus particles. Unlabeled virus particles are too small to be visualized using standard visible light microscopy. Characterization of virus particles is typically performed using higher resolution approaches such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy. These approaches require purification of virions away from their normal millieu, requiring significant levels of expertise, and can only enumerate small numbers of particles per field of view. Here, we utilize a visible light imaging approach called Single Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (SP-IRIS) that allows automated counting and sizing of thousands of individual virions. Virions are captured directly from complex solutions onto a silicon chip and then detected using a reflectance interference imaging modality. We show that the use of different imaging wavelengths allows the visualization of a multitude of virus particles. Using Violet/UV illumination, the SP-IRIS technique is able to detect individual flavivirus particles (~40 nm), while green light illumination is capable of identifying and discriminating between vesicular stomatitis virus and vaccinia virus (~360 nm). Strikingly, the technology allows the clear identification of filamentous infectious ebolavirus particles and virus-like particles. The ability to differentiate and quantify unlabeled virus particles extends the usefulness of traditional light microscopy and can be embodied in a straightforward benchtop approach allowing widespread applications ranging from rapid detection in biological fluids to analysis of virus-like particles for vaccine development and production.
Large electrostatic differences in the binding thermodynamics of a cationic peptide to oligomeric and polymeric DNA. (1996)

Results presented here demonstrate that the thermodynamics of oligocation binding to polymeric and oligomeric DNA are not equivalent because of long-range electrostatic effects. At physiological cation concentrations (0.1-0.3 M) the binding of an oligolysine octacation KWK6-NH2 (+8 charge) to single-stranded poly(dT) is much stronger per site and significantly more salt concentration dependent than the binding of the same ligand to an oligonucleotide, dT(pdT)10 (-10 charge). These large differences are consistent with Poisson-Boltzmann calculations for a model that characterizes the charge distributions with key preaveraged structural parameters. Therefore, both the experimental and the theoretical results presented here show that the polyelectrolyte character of a polymeric nucleic acid makes a large contribution to both the magnitude and the salt concentration dependence of its binding interactions with simple oligocationic ligands.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Affects Cardiac Remodeling, Function, Heart Failure, and Survival in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2013)

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a frequent cause of heart failure and death. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a biomarker of dilated cardiomyopathy, but there is controversy whether ANP modulates the development of heart failure. Therefore, we examined whether ANP affects heart failure, cardiac remodeling, function, and survival in a well-characterized, transgenic model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Mice with dilated cardiomyopathy with normal ANP levels survived longer than mice with partial ANP (P<0.01) or full ANP deficiency (P<0.001). In dilated cardiomyopathy mice, ANP protected against the development of heart failure as indicated by reduced lung water, alveolar congestion, pleural effusions, etc. ANP improved systolic function and reduced cardiomegaly. Pathological cardiac remodeling was diminished in mice with normal ANP as indicated by decreased ventricular interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Mice with dilated cardiomyopathy and normal ANP levels had better systolic function (P<0.001) than mice with dilated cardiomyopathy and ANP deficiency. Dilated cardiomyopathy was associated with diminished cardiac transcripts for NP receptors A and B in mice with normal ANP and ANP deficiency, but transcripts for NP receptor C and C-type natriuretic peptide were selectively altered in mice with dilated cardiomyopathy and ANP deficiency. Taken together, these data indicate that ANP has potent effects in experimental dilated cardiomyopathy that reduce the development of heart failure, prevent pathological remodeling, preserve systolic function, and reduce mortality. Despite the apparent overlap in physiological function between the NPs, these data suggest that the role of ANP in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure is not compensated physiologically by other NPs.
Prognostic factors and survival in metastatic breast cancer: A single institution experience (2013)

Many of the prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer found in our study are known in the literature but some of them, like the application of locoregional treatment (radiotherapy or surgery) and the use of bisphosphonates, need to be further investigated in randomized clinical trials.
How tissue damage MET metabolism: Regulation of the systemic damage response (2016)

Living organisms experience tissue damage from both, the surrounding environment and from inside their bodies. Tissue repair/regeneration is triggered by local tissue injury to restore an injured, or lost, part of the body. Tissue damage results in a series of responses, not only locally but also systemically in distant tissues. In our recent publication, we established a "dual system" that induces spatiotemporal tissue damage simultaneously with gene manipulation in surrounding tissues. With this system, we demonstrated that appropriate regulation of methionine metabolism in the fat body is required for tissue repair in Drosophila wing discs, thus highlighting the importance of systemic damage response (SDR) in tissue repair. This "Extra View" aims to discuss our recent reports that propose methionine metabolism to be an essential part of SDR, together with related topics in several model organisms.
Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2000)

There have been conflicting reports of the clinical outcome of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A prospective study evaluated 432 patients with chronic hepatitis C (183 with cirrhosis) over a 7-year period. Of the 17 patients with concurrent HAV infection, seven developed fulminant hepatitis and six died. None of these patients had cirrhosis; however, the HLA phenotype (A1; B8:DR3) appeared to be a significant factor in the development of fulminant hepatitis. Patients with this phenotype had high titres of antinuclear antibodies, antismooth muscle antibodies and antiasialoglycoprotein-receptor antibodies, possibly reflecting the induction of autoimmune hepatitis in this group. The high frequency of fulminant hepatitis in patients with HAV/HCV coinfection contrasts with other surveys, although a large Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) survey demonstrated that HAV infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) is associated with increased mortality. It is likely that CLD has some importance as an underlying factor in the development of fulminant hepatitis following HAV infection. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.
Metallo Borohydrides. III. Lithium Borohydride (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetallo Borohydrides. III. Lithium BorohydrideH. I. Schlesinger and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 12, 3429–3435Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01869a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01869a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1304Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pinocytotic Uptake and the Digestion of Hemoglobin in Malaria Parasites*<sup>†</sup> (1965)

SYNOPSIS. Electron micrographs of sections of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax schwetzi and P. ovale in chimpanzees, and of P. gonderi in mangabeys and P. coatneyi in rhesus monkeys showed that all these malaria parasites feed on their host cell by pinocytosis. As in P. lophurae and P. berghei droplets of host cytoplasm are engulfed by the parasites through invaginations of the plasma membrane with the subsequent formation of food vacuoles. Digestion of the content of the food vacuoles follows two patterns. In P. falciparum as in P. lophurae digestion takes place within the food vacuoles, in which hemozoin, the residue of hemoglobin digestion, accumulates. In P. vivax schwetzi, P. ovale, P. gonderi and P. coatneyi vesicles are pinched off from the food vacuoles and digestion takes place in these small vesicles. As in P. berghei hemozoin is not present in the food vacuole proper but only in the small vesicles, indicating that they are the site of hemoglobin digestion. Malaria parasites are surrounded by two membranes, and they contain all the major nuclear and cytoplasmic organelles present in other cells with the exception of mitochondria, which were found only in P. lophurae and possibly in P. falciparum. All other plasmodia possess instead a structure composed of concentric double membranes. It is assumed that this structure performs mitochondrial functions.
Programming Visual Basic 2005 (2005)

This information-packed guide helps you understand Visual Basic 2005, the next-generation release of the popular Visual Basic programming language. This book aims to make you immediately productive in creating Windows and web applications using Visual Basic 2005 and all of its tools. Perfect for experienced VB6 and novice programmers
Development of an Electrochemical Oxygen Sensor for Czochralski Silicon Melts (1994)

An electrochemical oxygen sensor based on stabilized zirconia was developed for measurements of the oxygen concentration in molten silicon. The mixture of Mn and was found to be an appropriate system for the generation of the reference oxygen partial pressure which should be close to that of oxygen in the silicon melt. The free‐energy of solution of oxygen in molten silicon was evaluated by calibration experiments. A prototype sensor was tested to measure the oxygen content in the silicon melt in a commercial Czochralski puller. The difference in the radial oxygen concentration between center and periphery increased with increasing crucible rotation. This result is consistent with the experience in silicon crystal growth as well as with recent numerical and experimental results on the impact of crucible rotation on the flow patterns in silicon melts in an industrial‐size Czochralski crucible.
Enzymes in amniotic fluid. (1977)

The determination of enzyme levels in cell-free amniotic fluid has proven useful in assessing fetal maturity and fetal well being, and is being utilized for the prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. The activities of amylase, alpha-galactosidase, phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, lysozyme and heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in amniotic fluid increase with gestational age and have an established relationship to fetal maturity. The ratio of amniotic fluid diamine oxidase activity to maternal serum activity (amniotic DAO/serum DAO) may be used as an indicator of the degree of rhesus isoimmunization after 28 weeks gestation. Creatine phosphokinase in amniotic fluid is elevated in cases of in utero fetal death and is of diagnostic significance. The prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff's disease, fucosidosis, GM1-gangliosidosis and I-cell disease have been made from the analysis of appropriate enzymes in cell-free amniotic fluid.