gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition-metal complexes of carcinine, a peptide-type derivative of histamine (1992)

The acid–base properties and copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of carcinine {3-amino-N-[2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]propanamide} and of N-tert-butoxycarbonylcarcinine have been studied at 25 °C by pH-metric, spectrophotometric and, in part, 1H NMR and EPR methods, and compared to those of histidine-containing dipeptides. Complexes of the type M(HL), ML and ML2(charges omitted) are found in the cobalt(II) and nickel(II) systems, with the additional presence of ML2H–1 for the latter system. Copper(II) forms CuLn(n⩽ 4) complexes with N-tert-butoxycarbonylcarcinine molecules acting as monodentate ligands. The copper(II)–carcinine system in the range pH 3–9 shows the expected series of 1 : 1 complexes, more or less deprotonated depending on the pH, of type Cu(HL), CuL and CuLH–1, and, for an excess of ligand, the unusual 1 : 4 complex CuL4H2 involving four N(3) inidazole nitrogens equatorially co-ordinated. At higher pH (> 9) the monomeric CuLH–2 and polynuclear Cu4L4H–8 complexes are formed depending on the total concentration. The tetrameric species probably involves co-ordination of deprotonated N(1)-pyrrole nitrogens, with consequent formation of imidazolate bridges. The co-ordination ability of the peptide nitrogen in histidyl- and histamine-peptides is shown to depend on the size of the chelate rings formed and the existence of a neighbouring carboxyl group in the ligand.
Spectroscopy by frequency-entangled photon pairs (2004)

Quantum spectroscopy was performed using the frequency-entangled broadband photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. An absorptive sample was placed in front of the idler photon detector, and the frequency of signal photons was resolved by a diffraction grating. The absorption spectrum of the sample was measured by counting the coincidences, and the result is in agreement with the one measured by a conventional spectrophotometer with a classical light source.
Physical mapping of bacterial genomes (1995)

The elucidation of gene order in chromosomes, influencing both linkage and coregulation, is at the heart of genetic analysis. Indeed, the characterization of any mutation or cloned gene traditionally includes the determination of its position on the chromosomal map. Further, questions about the structural maintenance of the chromosome itself can be approached by comparative physical and genetic mapping of chromosomes. However, viewing the genome in one dimension may not be sufficient to understand genome organization comprehensively, if the object of evolutionary conservation is its threedimensional structure. Beginning in the early 1980s, several experimental approaches made it possible to map megabase-size DNAs: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-related methods, gene encyclopedia construction, and total DNA sequencing. The ideal targets for these physical approaches are bacterial genomes, with sizes ranging from 600 kb for Mycoplasma genitalium (22) to 9.5 Mb for Myxococcus xanthus (14). Aligning genes to physical maps generated by these approaches has surpassed traditional techniques for constructing bacterial genetic maps. Many chromosomal maps of different bacteria have been produced by traditional genetic methods. Some of these maps have hundreds of genetic markers: there are 1,717 on the last version of the Escherichia coli map, of which 300 were located by physical mapping (71). Purely genetic maps have a few serious disadvantages. First, their construction is labor-intensive. Also, because genetic maps provide distances measured in units derived from recombination frequencies, they are sensitive to recombination hot spots. The physical distance equivalent to 1% of the E. coli linkage map varies from 33 to 60 kb (80). The genetically linear chromosomal map of Caulobacter crescentus turned out to be physically circular, with proximal (unlinked) markers being only 400 kb apart. This genetic separation is ascribed to a recombination hot spot in the Ter region (31). The basic questions mentioned above, plus the availability of several convenient mapping techniques, have resulted in the construction of physical maps of many bacterial genomes. More than 90 studies dealing with physical mapping of bacterial genomes were published in the last 7 years. The five purely genetic maps produced during the same period is a fair reflection of their relative difficulty. In this minireview, we summarize the principal methods used for map construction, salient features of the maps produced, and applications of the gene encyclopedias for questions of genome evolution, rapid mapping of cloned genes, and global studies of gene expression. We also refer readers to a recent article by Cole and Saint Girons (21), published as this minireview was being completed. They cover much of the same ground and include tabular compilations of methods used and genome sizes. Their article should also be consulted for speculations on the evolution of genome size and the conservation of genome architecture.
Electroreduction of carbon dioxide catalyzed by iron-sulfur cluster compounds [Fe4S4(SR)4]2- (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroreduction of carbon dioxide catalyzed by iron-sulfur cluster compounds [Fe4S4(SR)4]2-Meguru Tezuka, Tatsuhiko Yajima, Atsuhiko Tsuchiya, Yoichi Matsumoto, Yasuzo Uchida, and Masanobu HidaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 24, 6834–6836Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00388a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00388a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views986Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Découverte de chroniques à partir de journaux d'alarmes : application à la supervision de réseaux de télécommunications (2001)

Les travaux de recherche presentes dans cette these ont pour objectif de proposer methode et de developper un outil pour l'acquisition d'expertise permettant l'aide a la supervision de systemes dynamiques tels que les reseaux de telecommunications. Les journaux d'alarmes ont ete consideres comme la matiere premiere a partir de laquelle nous cherchons l'expertise puisque la supervision se fait en general a l'aide d'une analyse des alarmes. Le formalisme, choisi pour representer l'expertise, est celui de chroniques (ensembles d'alarmes liees par des contraintes temporelles entre elles), qui s'est revele particulierement adapte a la representation des evolutions de systemes dynamiques, tout en maintenant complexite raisonnable pour le traitement en temps reel des alarmes. Le critere de selection de chroniques est base sur leur frequence d'apparition dans les journaux d'alarmes. Nous avons elabore algorithmique, issue des techniques de la fouille de donnees (data-mining), permettant de decouvrir les chroniques frequentes a partir de journaux d'alarmes. Cette algorithmique consiste a definir un espace de chroniques qui est structure par la relation d'ordre sous-chronique, et a proposer methode de parcours exploratoire (en largeur) dans cet espace pour la recherche des chroniques frequentes. Ce principe peut etre resume par une chronique ne sera examinee, et sera candidate, que si toutes ses sous-chroniques sont frequentes, et deja examinees. La verification, qu'une chronique candidate est frequente, est faite a l'aide d'un outil de reconnaissance de chroniques. Comme la construction des chroniques se fait a partir de leur sous-chroniques, les chroniques frequentes ne sont pas toutes significatives. Nous avons propose aussi methode pour filtrer les chroniques frequentes en se basant sur leur niveau d'inter-dependance. En se basant sur les algorithmes proposes, nous avont realise l'outil FACE (Frequency Analyser for Chronicle Extraction) qui permet de decouvrir les chroniques frequentes interessantes a partir de journaux d'alarmes. Les resultats experimentaux de FACE, lorsque l'on applique aux reseaux reels de telecommunications (SDH, ATM, GSM), sont encourageants et montrent l'interet de notre approche.
Synthesis of New 4-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-3H-Furo[3,4-b]Carbazole-3-Ones Derivatives (2007)

New 1,5-Dihydro-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3H-furo[3,4-b]carbazol-3-ones were synthesized via a key Diels-Alder reaction under microwave irradiation. Two routes were investigated to generate the dienoic precursors. Both started from 3-formylindole, which was used in a six steps synthesis to obtain the complex heterocycle. The use and removal of indolic protective groups such as t-Boc and benzenesulfonyl have been studied. The Diels- Alder reaction generating the carbazole ring was optimised under either thermal conditions or microwave irradiation. Keywords: Indole, carbazole, Diels-Alder, microwave, lignans
Meiotic recombination hotspots in plants (2006)

Many studies have demonstrated that the distribution of meiotic crossover events along chromosomes is non-random in plants and other species with sexual reproduction. Large differences in recombination frequencies appear at several scales. On a large scale, regions of high and low rates of crossover have been found to alternate along the chromosomes in all plant species studied. High crossover rates have been reported to be correlated with several chromosome features (e.g. gene density and distance to the centromeres). However, most of these correlations cannot be extended to all plant species. Only a few plant species have been studied on a finer scale. Hotspots of meiotic recombination (i.e. DNA fragments of a few kilobases in length with a higher rate of recombination than the surrounding DNA) have been identified in maize and rice. Most of these hotspots are intragenic. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we have identified several DNA fragments (less than 5 kb in size) with genetic recombination rates at least 5 times higher than the whole-chromosome average [4.6 cM (centimorgan)/Mb], which are therefore probable hotspots for meiotic recombination. Most crossover breakpoints lie in intergenic or non-coding regions. Major efforts should be devoted to characterizing meiotic recombination at the molecular level, which should help to clarify the role of this process in genome evolution.
Precursor mechanism for interaction of bulk interstitial atoms with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2006)

In the same way that gases react with surfaces from above, solid-state point defects such as interstitial atoms can react from below. Little attention has been paid to this form of surface chemistry. Recent bulk self-diffusion measurements near the $\mathrm{Si}(100)$ surface have quantified Si interstitial annihilation rates, and shown that these rates can be described by an annihilation probability that varies by two orders of magnitude in response to saturation of surface dangling bonds by submonolayer gas adsorption. The present work shows by modeling that the interstitial annihilation kinetics are well described by a precursor mechanism in which interstitials move substantial distances parallel to the surface before incorporation.
Rotating thin‐film method for supported catalysts (2010)

Abstract In this chapter, the thin‐film R(R)DE (TFR(R)DE) method is described, i.e., a method for the quantitative evaluation of the electrocatalytic activity of high‐surface area catalysts in a true R(R)DE configuration. The method offers complete catalyst utilization combined with a high reproducibility with respect to the catalyst loading on the electrodes. It is further proven that both catalyst agglomerate and film diffusion effects, respectively, are negligible in the thin catalyst/Nafion layers. That means the thin‐film electrodes can be treated like smooth rotating electrodes with the well‐known hydrodynamics and defined mass‐transport conditions. In other words, kinetic parameters such as kinetic current densities, activation energies, Tafel slopes etc. can directly be determined from the measured current densities without applying any mathematical modeling of the mass transport in the catalyst/Nafion layer. Furthermore, this method allows the determination of electrode kinetics under fuel cell relevant mass‐specific current densities of 1–2 A . The suitability of the TFRDE method is demonstrated by discussing results from different kinetic studies on the oxidation of CO and CO/H 2 mixtures on high‐surface area Pt, PtRu, PtSn and PdAu electrocatalysts. Additionally, it is illustrated how thin‐film electrodes can be successfully used for measurements with a differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) setup for the mass‐spectrometrical determination of the electrochemically formed products. In the last section, the adaptation of the TFRDE method for ring‐disk measurements is described. The potential‐ and rotation‐rate independent, well‐defined collection efficiency for the thin film RRDE configuration enables the quantification of the molar fraction of H 2 O 2 produced during oxygen reduction. In general, the TFR(R)DE method can be seen as an easy‐to‐use tool for the screening and characterization of high‐surface area electrocatalysts under low temperature fuel cell relevant conditions.
cDNA Amplification by SMART-PCR and Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH)-PCR (2009)

The comparison of two RNA populations that differ from the effects of a single-independent variable, such as a drug treatment or a specific genetic defect, can identify differences in the abundance of specific transcripts that vary in a population-dependent manner. There are a variety of methods for identifying differentially expressed genes, including microarray, SAGE, qRT-PCR, and DDGE. This protocol describes a potentially less sensitive yet relatively easy and cost-effective alternative that does not require prior knowledge of the transcriptomes under investigation and is particularly applicable when minimal levels of starting material, RNA, are available. RNA input can often be a limiting factor when analyzing RNA from, for example, rigorously purified blood cells. This protocol describes the use of SMART-PCR to amplify cDNA from sub-microgram levels of RNA. The amplified cDNA populations under comparison are then subjected to suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH-PCR), a technique that couples subtractive hybridization with suppression PCR to selectively amplify fragments of differentially expressed genes. The final products are cDNA populations enriched for significantly over-represented transcripts in either of the two input RNA preparations. These cDNA populations may then be cloned to make subtracted cDNA libraries and/or used as probes to screen subtracted cDNA, global cDNA, or genomic DNA libraries.
Of Carbon Flies, Hieroglyphics, and Body Texts: A Fond Farewell to the Word (*) (2000)

first day of the year 2000 brought a double-issue of Newsweek consisting largely of a collection of previews and predictions entitled The 21 Century: A User's Guide. 'Where one would normally find the book reviews, an essay provided a time schedule for the demise of the book as we know it made of paper, boards, glue, and ink. How would this come about? essay's author interviewed a publishing executive about the anticipated victory of the electronic book: turning point is going to come when one of the brand-name authors actually boils and goes direct to the reader. ... [He] even ventures a guess who that author might be: Stephen King. ... So what's to stop him from selling Dead Zone or some other 2004 thriller exclusively by $12 downloads in e-book format from StephenKing.com--and raking in a too percent royalty, after the relatively minimal expenses of formatting the book and maintaining the server? (1) It took less than three months to fulfill this prophecy, if, indeed, it was one and not merely industry insiders' gossip. A Los Angeles Times wire story, whose title in the local newspaper made no sense, reported Online Fiction a Book's Nightmare.'(2) Do books really have nightmares? story explained the intent of the title-writer. It's a bibliophile's worst nightmare--fiction available online. frightening scenario for book lovers played Out earlier this month courtesy of master of horror Stephen King. Maine author released his 16,000-word story Riding the Bullet, exclusively over the Internet for $2.50. differences between the prophecy and the reality in this case are minor. book is not a novel, but a 66-page story, and the transaction did involve a traditional book publishing house, in this case SimonS with an unquestioned faith in the power of the imagination to change, if not life, one's comprehension of life. To the degree to which we remain adolescents we remain ideal readers to whom the act of opening a book can be a sacred one. [6] So it was with me. illustrations on the dust jackets, the texture of the linen bindings and the smell of the books, like the joy of reading at night in a still house, were not only pleasures for the mind but for the senses, pleasures that have nourished me constantly and faithfully throughout my life. …
Highly Efficient Electronic Sensitization of Non-oxidized Graphene Flakes on Controlled Pore-loaded WO3 Nanofibers for Selective Detection of H2S Molecules (2015)

Tailoring of semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures, which possess controlled pore size and concentration, is of great value to accurately detect various volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath, which act as potential biomarkers for many health conditions. In this work, we have developed a very simple and robust route for controlling both the size and distribution of spherical pores in electrospun WO3 nanofibers (NFs) via a sacrificial templating route using polystyrene colloids with different diameters (200 nm and 500 nm). A tentacle-like structure with randomly distributed pores on the surface of electrospun WO3 NFs were achieved, which exhibited improved surface area as well as porosity. Porous WO3 NFs with enhanced surface area exhibited high gas response (Rair/Rgas = 43.1 at 5 ppm) towards small and light H2S molecules. In contrast, porous WO3 NFs with maximized pore diameter showed a high response (Rair/Rgas = 2.8 at 5 ppm) towards large and heavy acetone molecules. Further enhanced sensing performance (Rair/Rgas = 65.6 at 5 ppm H2S) was achieved by functionalizing porous WO3 NFs with 0.1 wt% non-oxidized graphene (NOGR) flakes by forming a Schottky barrier (ΔΦ = 0.11) at the junction between the WO3 NFs (Φ = 4.56 eV) and NOGR flakes (Φ = 4.67 eV), which showed high potential for the diagnosis of halitosis.
Poly(A) polymerase I of <i>Escherichia coli</i>: characterization of the catalytic domain, an RNA binding site and regions for the interaction with proteins involved in mRNA degradation (1999)

Poly(A) polymerase I (PAP I) of Escherichia coli is a member of the nucleotidyltransferase (Ntr) superfamily that includes the eukaryotic PAPs and all the known tRNA CCA-adding enzymes. Five highly conserved aspartic acids in the putative catalytic site of PAP I were changed to either alanine or proline, demonstrating their importance for polymerase activity. A glycine that is absolutely conserved in all Ntrs was also changed yielding a novel mutant protein in which ATP was wastefully hydrolysed in a primer-independent reaction. This is the first work to characterize the catalytic site of a eubacterial PAP and, despite the conservation of certain sequences, we predict that the overall architecture of the eukaryotic and eubacterial active sites is likely to be different. Binding sites for RNase E, a component of the RNA degradosome, and RNA were mapped by North-western and Far-western blotting using truncated forms of PAP I. Additional protein-protein interactions were detected between PAP I and CsdA, RhlE and SrmB, suggesting an unexpected connection between PAP I and these E. coli DEAD box RNA helicases. These results show that the functional organization of PAP I is similar to the eukaryotic PAPs with an N-terminal catalytic domain, a C-terminal RNA binding domain and sites for the interaction with other protein factors.
Design, performance, and early results from extremely high Doppler precision instruments in a global network (2010)

We report design, performance and early results from two of the Extremely High Precision Extrasolar Planet Tracker Instruments (EXPERT) as part of a global network for hunting for low mass planets in the next decade. EXPERT is a combination of a thermally compensated monolithic Michelson interferometer and a cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph for extremely high precision Doppler measurements for nearby bright stars (e.g., 1m/s for a V=8 solar type star in 15 min exposure). It has R=18,000 with a 72 micron slit and a simultaneous coverage of 390-694 nm. The commissioning results show that the instrument has already produced a Doppler precision of about 1 m/s for a solar type star with S/N~100 per pixel. The instrument has reached ~4 mK (P-V) temperature stability, ~1 mpsi pressure stability over a week and a total instrument throughput of ~30% at 550 nm from the fiber input to the detector. EXPERT also has a direct cross-dispersed echelle spectroscopy mode fed with 50 micron fibers. It has spectral resolution of R=27,000 and a simultaneous wavelength coverage of 390-1000 nm.
Stereopsis and image registration from extended edge features in the absence of camera pose information (2002)

The authors solve the stereo correspondence problem in uncalibrated domains using extended edge contours as a source of primitives, as opposed to traditional point-based algorithms. This work represents a novel approach to implementation of the structural stereopsis concept of K.L. Boyr and A.C. Kak (1988), in particular with regard to speed. Judiciously exploiting the contiguity relation among primitives, correspondence solutions without prior knowledge of the epipolar condition for feature-rich stereopairs, previously requiring several days of processing by the Boyer and Kak algorithm are now acquired in tens of seconds on the same equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>