gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial degradation of arabian light crude oil by Acinetobacter sp. A54 (1997)

Bacterial strains which degrade Arabian Light crude oil were isolated by enrichment culture from oil-spilled soil. The strain A54 was finally selected after testing emulsifying activity and oil conversion rate. Strain A54 was identified as a Acinetobacter sp. based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. It appears to be highly specialized for growth on Arabian Light crude oil in minimal salts medium since it showed preference for oil or degradation products as substrates for growth. It was found that it could grow on at least fifteen different hydrocarbons. The optimum cultural and environmental conditions were as follows
Growth factors in preimplantation development: role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors. (1997)

In vitro studies of preimplantation embryos from a number of mammalian species have shown that the oviduct and uterus contain growth factors that stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation of preimplantation embryos. The mammalian preimplantation embryo was first viewed as an autonomous entity, due to the ease with which mouse embryos could be cultured from the two-cell stage on to the blastocyst. This view changed following studies in other species, notably domestic animals, which revealed the presence of 'blocks' to development, when embryos were cultured in vitro. Another line of evidence leading to the view that the maternal environment is crucial for optimal development, was the finding that embryos cultured in vitro lag developmentally behind their in vivo counterparts. This developmental retardation could be ameliorated when washings from the reproductive tract or specific growth factors were added to the media. The expression of genes for growth factors and their receptors is regulated in a tissue-specific manner as well as temporally and spatially during mammalian development. In this review, information regarding the expression and role of polypeptide growth factors of the insulin family during preimplantation mammalian development is summarized.
Activation of NOTCH1 or NOTCH3 Signaling Skews Human Airway Basal Cell Differentiation toward a Secretory Pathway (2015)

Airway basal cells (BC) function as stem/progenitor cells capable of differentiating into the luminal ciliated and secretory cells to replenish the airway epithelium during physiological turnover and repair. The objective of this study was to define the role of Notch signaling in regulating human airway BC differentiation into a pseudostratified mucociliated epithelium. Notch inhibition with γ-secretase inhibitors demonstrated Notch activation is essential for BC differentiation into secretory and ciliated cells, but more so for the secretory lineage. Sustained cell autonomous ligand independent Notch activation via lentivirus expression of the intracellular domain of each Notch receptor (NICD1-4) demonstrated that the NOTCH2 and 4 pathways have little effect on BC differentiation into secretory and ciliated cells, while activation of the NOTCH1 or 3 pathways has a major influence, with persistent expression of NICD1 or 3 resulting in a skewing toward secretory cell differentiation with a parallel decrease in ciliated cell differentiation. These observations provide insights into the control of the balance of BC differentiation into the secretory vs ciliated cell lineage, a balance that is critical for maintaining the normal function of the airway epithelium in barrier defense against the inhaled environment.
논문 : 초등학교 과학 숭업에서 발생 학습 모형의 적절성 분석 (1997)

The major purpose of this study was to analysis the appropriateness of generative learning model in primary science teaching, For this study, 41 children were selected from the 6th grade, and the model was applied to the samples for nine weeks(26hours) Various of teaching analysis tools and testing papers such as analysis framework for teaching, questionnaire for surveying conceptions, science inquiry ability and scientific interest etc were used. The conclusions of the study are as follows; Making a teaching plan for generative learning is required much time to the teachers, but it is useful in science teaching for using continuously this generative learning model is much better effective in applying for a long run. Because it`s teaching strategy is almost discussion method it is vary interesting and understandable for students to take a science class. Also, generative learning model is vary effective in changing to conceptions, for example, such as surface change cased by earthquake and intensity of magnetic fields. This model is partially appropriateness for improving in science process skills and scientific attitude and interest to students. In a world, application for generative learning model is appropriateness in changing children`s ideas, but it is requires much for a long per.
High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconductor Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Y<sub>0.5</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub>O<sub>x</sub> (1987)

We report experimental results of resistivity, transition temperature and critical field for a new high- T c superconductor Ba 0.5 Yn 0.5 Cu 1 O x . The onset temperature is found to be as high as 100 K and the end point to be 77 K. The superconducting transition has two components, a tail part on the lower temperature side of the transition region and a sharp drop on the higher temperature side. The end point of the higher component is estimated to be 88 K.
A class of attractions/repulsion functions for stable swarm aggregations (2004)

Abstract In this brief article, we consider an M-member `individual-based' continuous time swarm model in an n-dimensional space and extend the results in Gazi and Passino (Citation2003) by specifying a general class of attraction/repulsion functions that can be used to achieve swarm aggregation. These functions are odd functions that have terms for attraction and repulsion acting in opposite directions in compliance with real biological swarms. We present stability analysis for several cases of the functions considered to characterize swarm cohesiveness, size and ultimate motions while in a cohesive group. Moreover, we show how the model can be extended for achieving formation control. Furthermore, we discuss how the attraction repulsion functions can be modified to incorporate the finite body size of the swarm members. Numerical simulations are also presented for illustration purposes. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the DARPA MICA program via the AFRL under contract F33615-01-C-3151. Veysel Gazi was also partially supported by TÜBİTAK (the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey). Veysel Gazi was originally with The Ohio State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2015 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Currently, he is with TOBB University of Economics and Technology (ETU), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Söğütözü Cad., No: 43, Söğütözü, 06530 Ankara, Turkey. Before joining TOBB ETU he spent two years at ATILIM University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kizilcaşar köyü, İncek, Gölbaşi, 06836 Ankara, Turkey.
Radiolysis of water in nanoporous gold (2010)

Nanoporous gold was used as a high specific surface material to describe the water radiolysis in the vicinity of metal surfaces. Porous gold monoliths were prepared by electrolytic dissolution of silver in Au-Ag alloys and characterized by small angle neutron scattering. The hydroxyl radical production under gamma irradiation was measured by benzoate scavenging in water confined in 50 nm porous gold or in silica glasses of similar pore size, and in bulk water. Whereas a silica interface induces minimal modifications to the HO˙ radical production with respect to bulk water, HO˙ production near gold is enhanced more than seven times on the short time scale, and almost completely suppressed by reaction with the metal on the long time scale.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Cyclopentadithiophene‐Based Low‐Bandgap Copolymers That Contain Electron‐Withdrawing Thiazole Derivatives (2010)

We have synthesized four types of cyclopentadithiophene (CDT)-based low-bandgap copolymers, poly[{4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl}-alt-(2,2'-bithiazole-5,5'-diyl)] (PehCDT-BT), poly[(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-(2,2'-bithiazole-5,5'-diyl)] (PocCDT-BT), poly[{4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl}-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,5'-diyl}] (PehCDT-TZ), and poly[(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,5'-diyl}] (PocCDT-TZ), for use in photovoltaic applications. The intramolecular charge-transfer interaction between the electron-sufficient CDT unit and electron-deficient bithiazole (BT) or thiazolothiazole (TZ) units in the polymeric backbone induced a low bandgap and broad absorption that covered 300 nm to 700-800 nm. The optical bandgap was measured to be around 1.9 eV for PehCDT-BT and PocCDT-BT, and around 1.8 eV for PehCDT-TZ and PocCDT-TZ. Gel permeation chromatography showed that number-average molecular weights ranged from 8000 to 14,000 g mol(-1). Field-effect mobility measurements showed hole mobility of 10(-6)-10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for the copolymers. The film morphology of the bulk heterojunction mixtures with [6,6]phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was also examined by atomic force microscopy before and after heat treatment. When the polymers were blended with PCBM, PehCDT-TZ exhibited the best performance with an open circuit voltage of 0.69 V, short-circuit current of 7.14 mA cm(-2), and power conversion efficiency of 2.23 % under air mass (AM) 1.5 global (1.5 G) illumination conditions (100 mW cm(-2)).
Block polymer preparation via both anionic and free radical polymerization (1985)

Abstract A new method of block polymer preparation using combined anionic and free radical polymerization was investigated. In the method the first monomer was polymerized anionically. The resulting polymeric anions were then reacted with an episulfide to form a polymer with mercaptan end‐groups. This mercapto—polymer was mixed with a second monomer(s) in an inert solvent for the free radical polymerization. Conventional free radical initiation methods were used to initiate the polymerization of the second monomer but because of the high chain transfer constant of the mercaptan groups, a large number of the free radical chains would grow from the first polymer to form a block polymer. Block polymers difficult or impossible to make by direct anionic polymerization can thus be prepared. Several block polymers, including the new thermoplastic elastomers, poly[(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)‐b‐butadiene‐b‐(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)] and poly(bromostyrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐bromostyrene) were prepared by this method.
Stereophotometric Testing for Pulfrich's Phenomenon in Professional Baseball Players (1993)

Major League players were significantly more accurate in performing stereophotometry than were Minor League players. The stereophotometric data based upon the induction and extinction thresholds of the Pulfrich phenomenon were significantly correlated with the batting averages of Major League baseball players. The coefficient of determination, r2, implies that visual ability as measured by stereophotometry accounts for 47% or more of the variation in batting averages of the Major League players. This test may be a useful index in predicting batting ability.
Early empirical assessment of the N501Y mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom, October to November 2020 (2020)

Abstract Two new SARS-CoV-2 lineages with the N501Y mutation in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein have rapidly become prevalent in the UK. We estimated that the earlier 501Y lineage without amino acid deletion Δ69/Δ70 circulating mainly between early September to mid-November was 10% (6-13%) more transmissible than the 501N lineage, and the currently dominant 501Y lineage with amino acid deletion Δ69/Δ70 circulating since late September was 75% (70-80%) more transmissible than the 501N lineage.
The New WHO Classification of Brain Tumours (1993)

The new edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) book on 'Histological Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System' reflects the progress in brain tumour classification which has been achieved since publication of the first edition in 1979. Several new tumour entities have been added, including the pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, central neurocytoma, the infantile desmoplastic astrocytoma/ganglioglioma, and the dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour. The list of histological variants has also been expanded. In line with recent morphological and molecular data on glioma progression, the glioblastoma is now grouped together with astrocytic tumours. The classification of childhood tumours has been largely retained, the diagnosis primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) only being recommended as a generic term for cerebellar medulloblastomas and neoplasms that are histologically indistinguishable from medulloblastoma but located in the CNS at sites other than the cerebellum. The WHO grading scheme was revised and adapted to new entities but its use, as before, remains optional.
The Thioredoxin System as a Therapeutic Target in Human Health and Disease (2012)

The thioredoxin (Trx) system comprises Trx, truncated Trx (Trx-80), Trx reductase, and NADPH, besides a natural Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). This system is essential for maintaining the balance of the cellular redox status, and it is involved in the regulation of redox signaling. It is also pivotal for growth promotion, neuroprotection, inflammatory modulation, antiapoptosis, immune function, and atherosclerosis. As an ubiquitous and multifunctional protein, Trx is expressed in all forms of life, executing its function through its antioxidative, protein-reducing, and signal-transducing activities. In this review, the biological properties of the Trx system are highlighted, and its implications in several human diseases are discussed, including cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, stroke, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, and cancer. The last chapter addresses the emerging therapeutic approaches targeting the Trx system in human diseases.
TEACHING ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL (1976)

This section of the Quarterly is devoted to an exchange of ideas on the teaching of anthropology. Course descriptions, philosophical statements, reactions, and comments are welcome. Persons with material to contribute are requested to send them to the editor, Jamestown Community College, Jamestown NY 14701.
Photoelectrochemical Effects of Guanidinium Thiocyanate on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance and Stability (2009)

In this study, we investigated the photoelectrochemical effect of guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) in the base electrolyte composed of 1-methylbenzimidazole (0.45 M) and 3-methoxypropionitrile on the efficiency of electron injection (Φinj), interfacial recombination kinetics, and photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). A significant increase in the photocurrent for DSCs with GuSCN was observed, which was higher than that for DSCs with the base electrolyte. The dependence of the short-circuit photocurrent density on the illumination intensity indicated that the large increase in Φinjcould be attributed to the positive shift in the flatband potential of the TiO2 electrode and could increase the electron injection yield. The results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for DSCs indicated that guanidinium cation chemisorbed on the TiO2 surface could passivate the surface recombination sites and enhance the electron lifetime in the nanostructured TiO2 film to give an improved open-circuit photovoltage. The photostability of DSCs with 0.1 M GuSCN could retain over 98% of its initial photoelectric conversion efficiency value under one sun light soaking over the time of 3000 h. It is indicated that GuSCN chemisorbed on TiO2 surface could keep the interface of DSCs stable.
Polarization mode dispersion in spun fibers with different linear birefringence and spinning parameters (1998)

This paper shows how the initial linear birefringence determines the necessary spinning parameters to produce spun fiber with optimum differential group delay (DGD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) properties. DGD measurements are reported on two pairs of fibers, each pair having been fabricated from a particular fiber preform. The fiber pairs each consist of a sample of spun and unspun fiber. These measurements are then compared with theoretical simulations for each fiber to determine the required range of spinning parameters for a given initial linear birefringence. These results should help in optimizing the spinning parameters for producing high-performance spun fibers.
Enhanced adsorbate Raman scattering from pyridine on silver in ultrahigh vacuum (1981)

Pyridine molecules adsorbed on Ag have provided model systems for studying the anomalous enhancement in Raman scattering cross section for various molecules adsorbed on Ag, Cu, and Au. Most of the research to date has dealt with the enhancement observed on electrode surfaces in electrochemical cells. Only recently has the pyridine/Ag system been studied in the UHV environment. We have studied the coverage dependence of the Raman scattering and our results implicate the image enhancement mechanism as being partially responsible for the observed Raman scattering from a monolayer (or less) of pyridine on Ag. Raman spectra and thermal desorption data indicate that the pyridine molecule is weakly bound in at least two configurations on a polycrystalline Ag surface.
Facial retargeting with automatic range of motion alignment (2017)

While facial capturing focuses on accurate reconstruction of an actor's performance, facial animation retargeting has the goal to transfer the animation to another character, such that the semantic meaning of the animation remains. Because of the popularity of blendshape animation, this effectively means to compute suitable blendshape weights for the given target character. Current methods either require manually created examples of matching expressions of actor and target character, or are limited to characters with similar facial proportions (i.e., realistic models). In contrast, our approach can automatically retarget facial animations from a real actor to stylized characters. We formulate the problem of transferring the blendshapes of a facial rig to an actor as a special case of manifold alignment, by exploring the similarities of the motion spaces defined by the blendshapes and by an expressive training sequence of the actor. In addition, we incorporate a simple, yet elegant facial prior based on discrete differential properties to guarantee smooth mesh deformation. Our method requires only sparse correspondences between characters and is thus suitable for retargeting marker-less and marker-based motion capture as well as animation transfer between virtual characters.
Comparison of tensile, thermal, and thermo‐mechanical properties of polyester filaments having different cross‐sectional shape (2008)

Abstract One of the most important morphological features of fibers is their cross‐sectional shape. Nowadays, the circular fiber cross‐section is the most common shape of melt‐spun man‐made fibers. Other shapes are beginning to emerge for a variety of reasons such as performance, comfort, pilling propensity, bulkiness, tactility, processing etc. The filaments' cross‐section can be easily varied by changing the spinneret hole shape. Synthetic fibers that are predominantly spun by the melt spinning method with spinnerets having the noncircular hole geometry are called profiled or noncircular fibers. Modifications of the fiber cross‐section allow designing surface properties in yarn and fabric. However, the effect of profiled fibers on yarn properties has not been well documented yet. In this article, the influence of different filament cross‐section geometry on fiber properties was studied. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) filament yarns having two different cross‐sectional shaped filaments, circular and cruciform, were manufactured by melt spinning. Differences in tensile properties of filament yarn and as well as of individual filament depending on the cross‐sectional type were studied and revealed. More over, thermal and thermomechanical properties of filament yarn of both the cross‐sections were studied and revealed by DSC and TMA method, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Intrusion Alert Prediction Using a Hidden Markov Model (2016)

Intrusion detection is only a starting step in securing IT infrastructure. Prediction of intrusions is the next step to provide an active defense against incoming attacks. Current intrusion prediction methods focus mainly on prediction of either intrusion type or intrusion category and do not use or provide contextual information such as source and target IP address. In addition most of them are dependant on domain knowledge and specific scenario knowledge. The proposed algorithm employs a bag-of-words model together with a hidden Markov model which not depend on specific domain knowledge. Since this algorithm depends on a training process it is adaptable to different conditions. A key advantage of the proposed algorithm is the inclusion of contextual data such as source IP address, destination IP range, alert type and alert category in its prediction, which is crucial for an eventual response. Experiments conducted using a public data set generated over 2500 alert predictions and achieved accuracy of 81% and 77% for single step and five step predictions respectively for prediction of the next alert cluster. It also achieved an accuracy of prediction of 95% and 92% for single step and five step predictions respectively for prediction of the next alert category. The proposed methods achieved a prediction accuracy improvement of 5% for alert category over existing variable length Markov chain intrusion prediction methods, while providing more information for a possible defense.
Numerical Relativity in a Distributed Environment (1999)

The Cactus parallel simulation framework provides a modular and extensible set of components for solving relativity problems on parallel computers. In recent work, we have investigated techniques that would enable the execution of Cactus applications in wide area &quot;computational grid&quot; environments. In a rst study, we investigated the feasibility of distributing a single simulation across multiple supercomputers, while in a second we studied techniques for reducing communication costs associated with remote visualization and steering. Distributed simulation was achieved by using MPICH-G, an implementation of the Message Passing Interface standard that uses mechanisms provided by the Globus grid toolkit to enable wide area execution. Experiments were performed across SGI Origins and Cray T3Es with geographical separations ranging from hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Total execution time when distributed increased by between 48 % and 133%, depending on conguration. We view these results as encouraging as they were obtained with essentially no specialized algorithmic structures in the Cactus application. Work on remote visualization focused on the development of a Cactus module that computes isosurfaces inline with numerical relativity calculations. Experiments demonstrated that this technique can reduce network bandwidth requirements by a factor ranging from 2.5 to 114, depending on the nature of the problem.