gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of above‐ground plant species on soil microbial community structure and its impact on suppression of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG3 (2005)

The extent of soil microbial diversity is seen to be critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality. Different agricultural practices are able to affect soil microbial diversity and thus the level of suppressiveness of plant diseases. In a 4-year field experiment, we investigated the microbial diversity of soil under different agricultural regimes. We studied permanent grassland, grassland turned into arable land, long-term arable land and arable land turned into grassland. The diversity of microbial communities was described by using cultivation-based and cultivation-independent methods. Both types of methods revealed differences in the diversities of soil microbial communities between different treatments. The treatments with higher above-ground biodiversity generally maintained higher levels of microbial diversity. Moreover, a positive correlation between suppression of Rhizoctonia solani AG3 and microbial diversity was observed. Permanent (species-rich) grassland and grassland turned into maize stimulated higher microbial diversities and higher levels of suppressiveness of R. solani AG3 compared with the long-term arable land. Effects of agricultural practices on Bacillus and Pseudomonas communities were also observed and clear correlations between the levels of suppressiveness and the diversities of these bacterial groups were found. This study highlighted the importance of agricultural management regime for soil microbial community structure and diversity as well as the level of soil suppressiveness.
FPMR: MapReduce Framework on FPGA A Case Study of RankBoost Acceleration (2010)

learning and data mining are gaining increasing attentions of the computing society. FPGA provides a highly parallel, low power, and flexible hardware platform for this domain, while the difficulty of programming FPGA greatly limits its prevalence. MapReduce is a parallel programming framework that could easily utilize inherent parallelism in algorithms. In this paper, we describe FPMR, a MapReduce framework on FPGA, which provides programming abstraction, hardware architecture, and basic building blocks to developers. An on-chip processor scheduler is implemented to maximize the utilization of computation resources and achieve better load balancing. An efficient data access scheme is carefully designed to maximize data reuse and throughput. Meanwhile, the FPMR framework hides the task control, synchronization, and communication away from designers so that more attention can be paid to the application itself. A case study of RankBoost acceleration based on FPMR demonstrates that FPMR efficiently helps with the development productivity; and the speedup is 31.8x versus CPU-based implementation. This performance is comparable to a fully manually designed version, which achieves 33.5x speedup. Two other applications: SVM, PageRank are also discussed to show the generalization of the framework.
A novel electrical test structure for measuring misalignment between polysilicon and active area in MOS VLSI technologies (1991)

A novel test structure has been designed to electrically measure the misalignment between polysilicon and the active area in MOS technologies. This alignment is one of the most critical alignments in small geometry integrated circuit processing. The structure exploits the channel width change of specially designed MOS transistors resulting from the misalignment between the active area and polysilicon layers to develop a proportionate differential current sensing arrangement. A calibrating structure is used to translate the measured differential current to actual microns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theatre concern (1987)

The Nursing Standard is a [Illegible Word] magazine for the busy woman holding down two jobs, that of managing home and family as well as nursing. It has short informative articles, and snippets of information and thought provoking comments. It can be picked up and read during short breaks in a busy day, feeding us with up to date information, yet not adding to our work load by demanding we read long technical items. For subject of personal interest there is enough information to stimulate us to 'follow up' in our own time. You will have gathered, I like it!
Alkamides from the Leaves of <i>Zanthoxylum </i><i>s</i><i>yncarpum</i> (2005)

Three alkamides (1-3) were isolated from the leaves of Zanthoxylum syncarpum. The structures of the new compounds 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic data and chemical conversion, and by the X-ray crystallography of 1. Compound 3, the racemic form of the known compound syncarpamide, showed moderate antiplasmodial activity, with IC50 values of 4.2 and 6.1 microM against Plasmodium falciparum D6 clone and W2 clone, respectively.
Analysis of Human Ocular Mucus (1998)

These studies demonstrate that the mobility of human ocular mucins on SDS-PAGE is determined by their intrinsic total negative charge and is not dependent on SDS treatment. It is interesting to note that human ocular mucus contains chitinous material resistant to lacrimal lysozyme, which is accessible to chitinase, an enzyme now found to degrade human ocular mucins. These chitinous linkages could be in part responsible for the mucus resistance.
Automated feedback on programs means students need less help from teachers (2001)

Many educators believe that the most effective means of teaching is through one-on-one interactions with students. It is not surprising, then, that an effective way to teach programming is to give students immediate feedback on programs that they have just written. Unfortunately, such one-on-one teaching scenarios are becoming increasingly difficult to arrange. We built InSTEP, an online tutoring system for beginning C programmers, to see whether an automated system could provide effective immediate feedback to beginning programming students. In an introductory programming course, we compared two groups of students. One group solved six programming problems with feedback from InSTEP; the second group solved the same six problems without feedback from InSTEP; both groups had access to feedback from teaching assistants. While both groups of students took about the same amount of time to complete the problems and performed about the same on a subsequent test, the students who received feedback from InSTEP spent less than a third of the time asking the teaching assistants questions than did the others.
Numerical Investigation on Internal Flow Field of a Single-Stage Transonic Axial Compressor (2012)

Numerical simulations on a single stage transonic compressor which is developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute are carried out and their results are compared with experimental data for cross validations. Comparisons between experimental data and numerical simulation results show good agreements on a performance curve, static pressure and total pressure distributions. CFD results show that there is a clear interaction between tip leakage flow and normal shock in the rotor passage. Tip leakage flows are almost dissipated after the strong normal shock and it forms a strong recirculation near the blade tip. Also a large separation region grows on the suction surface just after the normal shock. As the pressure ratio and blade loading increase, the normal shock line moves upstream and it starts to deviate from the blade leading edge. Then the tip leakage flow does not overcome the strong adverse pressure gradient and flow blockage originated from the tip recirculation region. As a result, the tip leakage flow heads for the neighboring blade leading edge, which results in a compressor stall.
Enhancing Field Service Support in CRM Systems with LBS (2015)

Abstract. This paper describes the infrastructure needed to provide location-based services for supporting field technicians and service order managers in customer relationship management solutions. Customer relationship management systems may be improved integrating location-based services into enterprise applications, including the Web environment. This integration into different contexts requires component-based and Internet-enabled tools that may be easily customized. 1.
Development of pilus organelle subassemblies <i>in vitro</i> depends on chaperone uncapping of a beta zipper (1996)

The major subassemblies of virulence-associated P pili, the pilus rod (comprised of PapA) and tip fibrillum (comprised of PapE), were reconstituted from purified chaperone-subunit complexes in vitro. Subunits are held in assembly-competent conformations in chaperone-subunit complexes prior to their assembly into mature pili. The PapD chaperone binds, in part, to a conserved motif present at the C terminus of the subunits via a beta zippering interaction. Amino acid residues in this conserved motif were also found to be essential for subunit-subunit interactions necessary for the formation of pili, thus revealing a molecular mechanism whereby the PapD chaperone may prevent premature subunit-subunit interactions in the periplasm. Uncapping of the chaperone-protected C terminus of PapA and PapE was mimicked in vitro by freeze-thaw techniques and resulted in the formation of pilus rods and tip fibrillae, respectively. A mutation in the leading edge of the beta zipper of PapA produces pilus rods with an altered helical symmetry and azimuthal disorder. This change in the number of subunits per turn of the helix most likely reflects involvement of the leading edge of the beta zipper in forming a right-handed helical cylinder. Organelle development is a fundamental process in all living cells, and these studies shed new light on how immunoglobulin-like chaperones govern the formation of virulence-associated organelles in pathogenic bacteria.
Protection from oral herpes simplex virus infection by a nucleic acid-free virus vaccine (1977)

The effect of immunization with inactivated herpes virus vaccines, including a vaccine free of all nucleic acid, was investigated in a mouse model system. Protection against oral lesions induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 was demonstrated by several criteria: (i) reduction in the incidence and severity of primary oral lesions; (ii) decrease in acute and latent infection of the regional sensory ganglia; and (iii) protection from viral encephalitis and death. The immune response of mice to the vaccine and to subsequent virus challenge was measured by following serum-neutralizing antibody titers.
Bioactive marine metabolites. Part 16. Calyculin A. A novel antitumor metabolite from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBioactive marine metabolites. Part 16. Calyculin A. A novel antitumor metabolite from the marine sponge Discodermia calyxYuko. Kato, Nobuhiro. Fusetani, Shigeki. Matsunaga, Kanehisa. Hashimoto, Shigeo. Fujita, and Toshio. FuruyaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 10, 2780–2781Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00270a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00270a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views931Altmetric-Citations275LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test: A Simple Method for the Determination of Sperm DNA Fragmentation (2003)

Sperm DNA fragmentation is being increasingly recognized as an important cause of infertility. We herein describe the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) test, a novel assay for sperm DNA fragmentation in semen. The SCD test is based on the principle that sperm with fragmented DNA fail to produce the characteristic halo of dispersed DNA loops that is observed in sperm with non-fragmented DNA, following acid denaturation and removal of nuclear proteins. This was confirmed by the analysis of DNA fragmentation using the specific DNA Breakage Detection-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (DBD-FISH) assay, which allows the detection of DNA breaks in lysed sperm nuclei. Sperm suspensions either prepared from semen or isolated from semen by gradient centrifugation were embedded in an agarose microgel on slides and treated with 0.08 N HCl and lysing solutions containing 0.8 M dithiothreitol (DTT), 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 2 M NaCl. Then, the slides were sequentially stained with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and/or the Diff-Quik reagent, and the percentages of sperm with nondispersed and dispersed chromatin loops were monitored by fluorescence and brightfield microscopy, respectively. The results indicate that all sperm with nondispersed chromatin displayed DNA fragmentation, as measured by DBD-FISH. Conversely, all sperm with dispersed chromatin had very low to undetectable DBD-FISH labeling. SCD test values were significantly higher in patients being screened for infertility than in normozoospermic sperm donors who had participated in a donor insemination program. The coefficient of variation obtained using 2 different observers, either by digital image analysis (DIA) or by brightfield microscopy scoring, was less than 3%. In conclusion, the SCD test is a simple, accurate, highly reproducible, and inexpensive method for the analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation in semen and processed sperm. Therefore, the SCD test could potentially be used as a routine test for the screening of sperm DNA fragmentation in the andrology laboratory.
A Lithographic Mask System for MOS Fine-Line Process Development (1983)

A mask set, incorporating a group of seven test chips, has been designed for fine-line process development and process control. Although six lithographic levels are available, the masks are generally intended to be used only in subsets of two or three levels to minimize the delay encountered in obtaining electrical test results for whichever processes require investigation. The mask levels serve a variety of purposes for special process development experiments. Available structures include: metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors, p-n junctions, guarded and unguarded Schottky barrier diodes, ohmic contacts, van der Pauw patterns, insulated gate field-effect transistors, gated diodes, resistors for sheet resistance and linewidth variations, and tapped electromigration test strings. It is not anticipated that a process engineer should ever need more than a maximum of four levels to achieve an appropriate experimental structure for process development. It is not the purpose of these masks to establish fine-line design rules. The masks are intended to be used primarily with standard photolithographic processing, and most device structures have been designed to tolerate up to 5 μm in misalignment errors. However, certain selected features have been coded in a diminishing sequence to a minimum of 1.0 μm for special fine-line investigations. A salient feature of this mask system is the option to interleave rapid turnaround photolithographic steps with fine-line X-ray patterning; therefore, some mask levels have been reissued for X-ray lithography.
Entropy, information, and computation (1999)

The relation between entropy, information, and randomness is discussed. Algorithmic information theory is introduced and used to provide a fundamental definition of entropy. The relation between algorithmic entropy and the usual Shannon–Gibbs entropy is discussed.
Microsomal Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Synthase-1 (mPGES-1): A Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Target (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTMicrosomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 (mPGES-1): A Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic TargetRichard W. Friesen*† and Joseph A. Mancini‡View Author Information Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Quebec H9H 3L1, Canada* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (514) 428-3164. Fax: (514) 428-2624. E-mail: [email protected]†Department of Medicinal Chemistry.‡Department of Biochemistry.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 14, 4059–4067Publication Date (Web):May 7, 2008Publication History Received25 February 2008Published online7 May 2008Published inissue 1 July 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm800197bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm800197breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2170Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inflammation,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Molecular mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (2012)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; WHO astrocytoma grade IV) is considered incurable owing to its inherently profound resistance towards current standards of therapy. Considerable effort is being devoted to identifying the molecular basis of temozolomide resistance in GBMs and exploring novel therapeutic regimens that may improve overall survival. Several independent DNA repair mechanisms that normally safeguard genome integrity can facilitate drug resistance and cancer cell survival by removing chemotherapy-induced DNA adducts. Furthermore, subpopulations of cancer stem-like cells have been implicated in the treatment resistance of several malignancies including GBMs. Thus, a growing number of molecular mechanisms contributing to temozolomide resistance are being uncovered in preclinical studies and, consequently, we are being presented with a broad range of potentially novel targets for therapy. A substantial future challenge is to successfully exploit the increasing molecular knowledge contributing to temozolomide resistance in robust clinical trials and to ultimately improve overall survival for GBM patients.
Feline immunodeficiency virus, a model for reverse transcriptase-targeted chemotherapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1989)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), formerly called feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus, causes an immune deficiency in cats that is very similar to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans (N. C. Pedersen, E. M. Ho, M. L. Brown, and J. K. Yamamoto, Science 235:790-793, 1987). We have examined the reverse transcriptase of this virus to determine whether it is similar enough to the reverse transcriptase of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to enable its use as a model for chemotherapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The FIV reverse transcriptase is similar to that of HIV-1 in sensitivity to the noncompetitive inhibitor phosphonoformate (Ki, 0.3 microM) and relative insensitivity to phosphonoacetate. This enzyme was also sensitive to two competitive inhibitors, the 5'-triphosphates of 2', 3'-dideoxythymidine (Ki, 3.4 nM) and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT; Ki, 6.2 nM). The ratios of Ki/Km for these two competitive inhibitors are similar to the ratios calculated from previously reported data for the HIV-1 enzyme assayed under identical conditions. In contrast, the FIV enzyme is different from the reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus in sensitivity to those inhibitors. The replication of FIV in Crandell feline kidney cells was inhibited by AZT; virus production was inhibited more than 95% by 1.0 microM AZT.
Ultra Low Voltage Design Considerations of SOI SRAM Memory Cells (2005)

This paper introduces a systematic design methodology dedicated to partially depleted SOI (PD-SOI) SRAM memory cells. We have adapted the conventional design methods in order to take into account the secondary effects that are related to the PD-SOI floating body transistor. The method has been applied both to a conventional 6-transistor SRAM cell and a 4-transistor self-refresh cell we have developed. Comparisons based on simulations using a 130 nm PD-SOI technology are presented.
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for zidovudine (1989)

We report a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for zidovudine (azidothymidine; Retrovir). This assay is accurate and specific over the clinically relevant range of zidovudine concentrations in serum (from 1 to 1,250 ng/ml; from 0.004 to 4.8 microM) and is unaffected by potentially interfering compounds in the sera of patients with renal or hepatic failure. Cross-reactivity with structural analogs of zidovudine (including zidovudine glucuronide) is less than 0.05%, except for cross-reactivities of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% with 3-methylthymidine, 3',5'-dideoxythymidine, and A22U (the optical isomer of zidovudine), respectively. The FPIA for zidovudine is more sensitive and more specific than high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); it requires 50 to 60 or 200 versus 500 microliters of serum and is faster to perform (45 specimens per h with the FPIA versus 3 specimens per h with HPLC). The zidovudine FPIA compares well with the radioimmunoassay. A correlation coefficient of 0.992 was observed with 31 serum specimens examined by both methods. All three assays (FPIA, radioimmunoassay, and HPLC) are unaffected by the heat treatment used to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus. The zidovudine FPIA should be particularly useful for analyzing specimens from large numbers of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving zidovudine in current clinical trials.
Criteria for determining performance in service of crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cables (1976)

This paper presents results of a study on the mechanism of failure of crosslinked polyethylene (XLP) power cable. The n factor which establishes a basis for prediction of voltage stress-time characteristics is determined. The influence of the environment and normal operating conditions on voltage-time characteristics of XLP is presented. Recommendations are offered for an effective factory testing program for XLP insulated power cable.