gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Switched Reluctance Machine Converter for ISA Applications from Engine Cranking Perspectives (2005)

The cranking characteristics of the engine play an important role in designing the converter for Integrated Starter Alternator (ISA) applications for future mild hybrid vehicles. The modeling of a converter for a Switched Reluctance (SR) machine based 12V ISA system has been carried out based in part on the engine cranking characteristics. Converter power stage design and component selection criterion have been situated based on simulation results from the model. Simulation results are shown for a 3.0 kW ISA system that utilizes existing vehicle electrical architecture packaged in the space of a conventional alternator. Experimental results have been presented to crank a 1.4L, 4-cylinder petrol engine.
The Discrete Basis Problem (2008)

Matrix decomposition methods represent a data matrix as a product of two factor matrices: one containing basis vectors that represent meaningful concepts in the data, and another describing how the observed data can be expressed as combinations of the basis vectors. Decomposition methods have been studied extensively, but many methods return real-valued matrices. Interpreting real-valued factor matrices is hard if the original data is Boolean. In this paper, we describe a matrix decomposition formulation for Boolean data, the Discrete Basis Problem. The problem seeks for a Boolean decomposition of a binary matrix, thus allowing the user to easily interpret the basis vectors. We also describe a variation of the problem, the Discrete Basis Partitioning Problem. We show that both problems are NP-hard. For the Discrete Basis Problem, we give a simple greedy algorithm for solving it; for the Discrete Basis Partitioning Problem we show how it can be solved using existing methods. We present experimental results for the greedy algorithm and compare it against other, well known methods. Our algorithm gives intuitive basis vectors, but its reconstruction error is usually larger than with the real-valued methods. We discuss about the reasons for this behavior.
A cap binding protein that may mediate nuclear export of RNA polymerase II-transcribed RNAs. (1992)

It has previously been shown that efficient export of U1 snRNA or of microinjected, in vitro synthesized, RNA transcripts from the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes is facilitated by their monomethyl guanosine cap structures. Nuclear exit of these transcripts could be competitively inhibited by microinjection of an excess of a cap analog, the dinucleotide m7GpppG (Hamm, J., and I. W. Mattaj. 1990. Cell. 63:109-118). We have now analyzed the ability of several other related cap analogs to inhibit the export of U1 snRNA from the nucleus. The results define the recognition specificity of a factor(s) involved in RNA transport, and indicate that the cap binding activity (CBA) involved in RNA export is different from cap binding proteins (CBPs) involved in the initiation of translation. A CBP, whose specificity for different analogs correlates with the ability of the analogs to inhibit U1 snRNA export, is identified in nuclear extracts prepared from HeLa cells. We propose that this protein may have a role in the export of capped RNAs from the nucleus.
Pattern analysis for autonomous vehicles with the region- and feature-based neural network: global self-localization and traffic sign recognition (2002)

Autonomous vehicles require that all processes be efficient in time, complexity and data storage. In fact, an ideal system employs multifunctional models where ever possible. This paper presents the region- and feature-based neural network (RFNN) as a viable pattern analysis process engine for solving a variety of problems with a single math model. The RFNN employs receptive fields and weight sharing which compensate for noise, minor phase shifts and occlusions. The RFNN also utilizes greedy adaptive learning rates and mature feature preservation to expedite the overall training process. A novel ad hoc approach called "shocking" is used to solve the instability problem inherent to greedy adaptive learning rates. The basic RFNN "feature" is grounded in computer vision morphology in that the neural network autonomously learns subpatterns unique to various problems. This paper comprehensively describes the flexible RFNN architecture and training process and presents two problems that can be solved by the RFNN: sensor pattern-recognition and traffic sign recognition.
Logging-While-Drilling Cement Evaluation: A Case Study from the North Slope, Alaska (2012)

Abstract Alaska state requirements as well as sound engineering practice require that oil and gas operators investigate the zonal isolation in the annulus of water injection wells. Conventional cement evaluation can be a time-consuming and expensive process, especially in high-angle or horizontal wells in which the wireline tools must be conveyed with a tractor or on drillpipe. Cased-hole LWD sonic data was acquired in a North Slope, Alaska, well to evaluate the cement bond zonal isolation in the casing by attenuation and transmission analysis. The LWD data was compared with a traditional wireline cement evaluation logs to validate the application. This paper provides a case study of the techniques used to acquire process and interpret logging-while-drilling (LWD) sonic logs for cement evaluation. In this case study, a horizontal lateral section was drilled after setting and cementing the intermediate casing string. The interval to be evaluated for zonal isolation was behind this intermediate casing. LWD sonic data were acquired for cement evaluation purposes while tripping in the hole to drill out the intermediate casing cement shoe prior to drilling the horizontal section of this well. The ability to acquire cement evaluation data during the normal drilling practice provides significant cost savings over traditional wireline cement evaluation methodologies. This paper discusses the theoretical basis for using LWD sonic data for cement evaluation, planning procedures, data acquisition, and data processing. A comparison of the LWD sonic cement evaluation data with traditional wireline cement evaluation data that was used to validate this technique is provided. Additionally, the advantage of integrating the LWD cement evaluation option into the drilling process will be described.
Phage display as a tool for rapid cloning of allergenic proteins. (2001)

Allergic diseases represent an immune disorder associated with the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) against normally innocuous antigens (allergens). Almost 20% of the population in industrialized countries suffer from type I allergic symptoms such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria or asthma. Although the mechanisms responsible for these allergic reactions are quite well understood, knowledge about the repertoire of molecules able to elicit type I symptoms is still limited. To clone and characterize entire allergen repertoires from complex allergenic sources in a fast and efficient way, new technologies are required. The phage surface display of cDNA libraries described here has proven to be a versatile cloning system to selectively isolate allergens physically linked to their genetic information. The screening of cDNA libraries displayed on phage surfaces with immobilised serum IgE from allergic patients reduces the time required for the selection of candidate clones to a few weeks. Robot-assisted high-throughput screening of the enriched library provides a fast and cost-effective way to isolate complete allergen repertoires. The biotechnological production of recombinant allergens derived from these sequences bears a high potential for the improvement of the diagnosis of allergic diseases.
Modular Verification: Testing a Subset of Integrated Modular Avionics in Isolation (2006)

Integrated modular avionics (IMA) present many benefits in power and weight savings for an aircraft, but also create new challenges for verification due to the increased complexity in interactions between the highly integrated network of avionics systems. For a large set of hosted avionics functions, it is impractical to exhaustively test an entire set of functions while they are fully integrated. There can be a combinatorial explosion of test cases for an integrated IMA system since the performance and function of a hosted system can be impacted by other hosted systems. This traditional test approach would be characterized by a high cost of change since any single system change could require the full integrated set of systems to be retested. This paper introduces a modular verification strategy for IMA systems, which provides a practical approach to verifying these architectures. Within the modular verification strategy, systems are verified in isolation from the fully integrated set of avionics systems. This can be done without requiring re-test within the fully integrated environment. In order to accomplish this, terms of equivalency must be established for an avionics system's test environment with respect to the integrated system environment. This equivalency relies on reasoning in the logical system domain rather than the physical system domain. This is a fundamental change in reasoning from traditional verification concepts employed within federated architectures. The cost of change is minimized since each hosted system can be tested and retested without impacting the test results for other hosted systems. This proposed verification strategy is based upon the author's experience in developing the Genesis IMA architecture at Smiths Aerospace. The Genesis IMA architecture was implemented on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner as the common core system (CCS). The CCS is one of the first implementations of an "open systems" IMA architecture
Organization of the CYP1A cluster on human chromosome 15: implications for gene regulation (2001)

The sequence and organization of the CYP1A cluster on human chromosome 15 was determined. A human genomic clone from a BAC library, containing both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes, was isolated and sequenced. The results of Southern blot analysis using human genomic DNA were compatible with the structure of the BAC clone. The CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes are separated by a 23 kb segment that contains no other open reading frames. The CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes are in opposite orientation, revealing that the 5' flanking region is in common between the two genes. Analysis of the sequence obtained revealed the presence of xenobiotic response elements (XREs) previously reported for CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 and several additional consensus sequences for putative XREs. The presence of all the XREs upstream of both genes suggest that some of the regulatory elements known to control CYP1A1 gene expression, could also control CYP1A2 gene expression.
Stromal induction and specification of morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the epithelia of the mullerian ducts and urogenital sinus during development of the uterus and vagina in mice (1976)

Homotypic and heterotypic recombinations were preapred with trypsin-separated epithelium and stroma from uterus of 1- to 9-day-old and vagina of 2- to 150-day-old mice. Growth of homotypic recombinants in adult female hosts resulted in normal uterine and vaginal morphogenesis. Heterotypic recombinants composed of uterine stroma and vaginal epithelium (VE) usually formed uterus, while recombinants composed of vaginal stroma and uterine epithelium (UE) usually underwent vaginal morphogenesis. The developmental responses of these heterotypic recombinants was age-dependent. Epithelia (UE and VE) from mice two to five-days old were responsive to stromal induction. However, from days 5 to 9 postpartum a progressive loss in competence was observed in both epithelia, and vaginal epithelium nine or more days old was unresponsive to heterotypic inductors. Inductive activities of uterine stroma were demonstrated in 2- to 7-day-old neonates and of vaginal stroma in 2- to 150-day-old mice. These results indicate that establishment of the regional specification of Mullerian and sinus epithelium during uterine and vaginal morphogenesis is due to inductive activities of the stroma.
Population Genomics of the Immune Evasion (var) Genes of Plasmodium falciparum (2007)

Var genes encode the major surface antigen (PfEMP1) of the blood stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Differential expression of up to 60 diverse var genes in each parasite genome underlies immune evasion. We compared the diversity of the DBLa domain of var genes sampled from 30 parasite isolates from a malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and 59 from widespread geographic origins (global). Overall, we obtained over 8,000 quality-controlled DBLa sequences. Within our sampling frame, the global population had a total of 895 distinct DBLa ''types'' and negligible overlap among repertoires. This indicated that var gene diversity on a global scale is so immense that many genomes would need to be sequenced to capture its true extent. In contrast, we found a much lower diversity in PNG of 185 DBLa types, with an average of approximately 7% overlap among repertoires. While we identify marked geographic structuring, nearly 40% of types identified in PNG were also found in samples from different countries showing a cosmopolitan distribution for much of the diversity. We also present evidence to suggest that recombination plays a key role in maintaining the unprecedented levels of polymorphism found in these immune evasion genes. This population genomic framework provides a cost effective molecular epidemiological tool to rapidly explore the geographic diversity of var genes.
C.D. Greenall, D.C. and the 1907 California Medical Practice Act. (1998)

The development of the legal status of the chiropractic profession often resulted from continual persecution by the medical authorities who held almost exclusive power to license health care providers. While the medical boards may seem to offer an "olive branch" in the legislative wars over licensure in the form of drugless practitioner licenses, naturopathic endorsements, or licenses under the "all other" category, their goal was to contain and eliminate all rival professions. A previous article dealt with the prosecution of C.D. Greenall, D.C., at the hands of the medical board. Since writing that article, I have had the opportunity to read The Chiropractor and to develop more fully an understanding of Dr. Greenall and his actions. Not all prosecutions of chiropractic doctors were instigated by the medical profession; some were insisted upon by other chiropractic doctors. Dr. Greenall and his legal counsel were just such a team. With a goal of having California's 1907 Medical Practice Act declared unconstituional, Dr. Greenall presented himself for prosecution. This article more fully details Dr. Greenall and his attempts to gain some form of recognition for the chiropractic profession.
Clinical Nurse Specialists as Collaborative Care Managers (1992)

1A Clinical Nurse Specialist/AIDS, at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas 2A Clinical Nurse Specialist/Epilepsy, at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas 3A Clinical Nurse Specialist/Stroke, all at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas
UK R&D Collaboration Venture Takes Innovation Challenge to China (2008)

An ambitious program to help accelerate the rate at which RD the University of Nottingham; the Royal Veterinary College, University of London; and the University of Southampton. According to Manyi Cristofoli, executive director of ICUK, the five UK institutions got involved because their senior managers had already made strategic commitments to working with China. Collaborations already exist between ICUK institutions and the Chinese Academy of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Aerospace and Aeronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ocean University of China, and Nanjing University, among others. program is open to all Chinese higher education institutions, said Cristofoli, although she expects that the first collaborations under the ICUK scheme will be with 211 universities. This is an elite group of 106 Chinese institutions that have been nurtured by the Ministry of Education since 1995, as part of a national ambition to have at least 100 (represented by the 1 in 211) internationally relevant research universities by the 21st century (the 21 in 211). [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Because the point of ICUK is to go beyond collaborative research into knowledge transfer and commercialization, joint projects will need an industrial collaborator. ICUK is already planning to develop a set of model contracts to handle intellectual property issues, along the lines of the Lambert Agreements used in some UK institutions. Any developed technology could be in both the UK and China, preferably with local industry. Industry representatives will also sit on a forum to consider private investment opportunities. The new program will prioritize work on an agreed list of topics including: clean and renewable energies; climate change; the environment and sustainable development; nano- and general materials science; space technology; and infectious diseases, biomedicine and the modernization of traditional Chinese medicines. Funding for the UK side of the scheme comes from the government's Higher Education Innovation Fund, which supports and develops a broad range of knowledge transfer activities that result in economic and social benefit to the UK. Funding for the Chinese side will flow through MOST. We won't use UK taxpayers' money to fund Chinese researchers' work, and vice versa, said Cristofoli. The $10 million investment from the UK government will provide a $6 million collaboration development fund that will support staff exchange, feasibility studies, proof-of-concept research and joint commercial R&D projects. …
Injection of Cultured Cells with a ROCK Inhibitor for Bullous Keratopathy (2018)

Injection of human CECs supplemented with a ROCK inhibitor was followed by an increase in CEC density after 24 weeks in 11 persons with bullous keratopathy. (Funded by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and others; UMIN number, UMIN000012534 .).
A<sub>3</sub>adenosine receptor knockout mice are protected against ischemia- and myoglobinuria-induced renal failure (2003)

A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) activation and inhibition worsen and improve, respectively, renal function after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. We sought to further characterize the role of A(3) ARs in modulating renal function after either I/R or myoglobinuric renal injury. A(3) knockout mice had significantly lower plasma creatinines compared with C57 controls 24 h after I/R or myoglobinuric renal injury. C57 control mice pretreated with the A(3) AR antagonist [3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-4-phenylethynyl-6-phenyl-1,4-(+/-)-dihydropyridine-3,5 dicarboxylate] or agonist [0.125 mg/kg N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-N-methyl-5'-carbamoyladenosine (IB-MECA)] demonstrated improved or worsened renal function, respectively, after I/R or myoglobinuric renal injury. Higher doses of IB-MECA were lethal in C57 mice subjected to renal ischemia. H(1) but not H(2) histamine receptor antagonist prevented death in mice pretreated with IB-MECA before renal ischemia. Improvement in renal function was associated with significantly improved renal histology. In conclusion, preischemic A(3) AR activation (0.125 mg/kg IB-MECA) exacerbated renal I/R injury in mice. Mice lacking A(3) ARs or blocking A(3) ARs in wild-type mice resulted in significant renal protection from ischemic or myoglobinuric renal failure.
Ion-implanted InGaAsP avalanche photodiode (1978)

High-quantum-efficiency planar and mesa InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes have been fabricated by beryllium ion implantation. The implanted diodes, after suitable annealing, exhibited a very low dark current density of 4.0×10−6 A/cm2 at 10 V. The devices have 65% external quantum efficiency at 1.06 μm without an antireflection coating and a uniform avalanche gain of 12.
Simultaneous variation of ventricular pacing site and timing with biventricular pacing in acute ventricular failure improves function by interventricular assist (2009)

The goal of this work was to investigate the hemodynamic effects of simultaneous left ventricular (LV) pacing site (LVPS) and interventricular pacing delay (VVD) variation with biventricular pacing (BiVP) during acute LV failure. Simultaneously varying LVPS and VVD with BiVP has been shown to improve hemodynamics during acute right ventricular (RV) failure. However, effects during acute LV failure have not been reported. In six open-chest pigs, acute LV volume overload was induced by regurgitant flow via an aortic-LV conduit. Epicardial BiVP was implemented with right atrial and ventricular leads and a custom LV pacing array. Fifty-four LVPS-VVD combinations were tested in random order. Cardiac output was evaluated by aortic flow probe, ventricular systolic function by maximum rate of ventricular pressure change, and mechanical interventricular synchrony by normalized RV-LV pressure diagram area. Simultaneous LVPS-VVD variation improved all measures of cardiac function. The observed effect was different for each functional index, with evidence of LVPS-VVD interaction. Compared with effects of LVPS-VVD variation in a model of acute RV failure, hemodynamic changes were markedly different. However, in both models, maximum rate of ventricular pressure change of the failing ventricle was improved with synchronous interventricular contraction, suggesting that, in acute ventricular failure, BiVP can recruit the unstressed ventricle to support systolic function of the failing one. Thus simultaneously varying LVPS and VVD with BiVP during acute ventricular failure can improve cardiac function by "interventricular assist", with hemodynamic effects dependent on the type of failure. This supports the potential utility of temporary BiVP for the treatment of acute ventricular failure commonly seen after cardiac surgery.
Iterative Multistage Soft Decoding of Multilevel Reed-Solomon Codes (2018)

This paper proposes an iterative multistage soft decoding (IMSD) for multilevel Reed-Solomon (MRS) codes, achieving both high decoding performance and transmission spectrum efficiency. The proposed IMSD algorithm performs soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoding of each level RS code in a multistage mechanism. The RS decoding is realized by cascading the adaptive belief propagation (ABP) algorithm that produces the extrinsic probabilities for the coded bits and the Berlekamp-Massey (BM) algorithm that estimates the message. The earlier decoding outputs help a later one by providing better a priori information for its decoding. Armed with the IMSD algorithm, the MRS codes are designed by analyzing the equivalent channel capacity of each coded level, leading to the heterogeneous structure for MRS codes. Our simulation results demonstrate the performance advantages of the IMSD algorithm as well as the designed MRS codes.