gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Very High Frequency of Hypermethylated Genes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Bone, Brain, and Lung (2004)

The frequent presence of hypermethylated genes in locoregional and distant metastasis could render them particularly susceptible to therapy targeted toward gene reactivation combining demethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and/or differentiating agents.
The isolation and characterisation of human monoclonal HLA‐A2 antibodies from an immune V gene phage display library (2000)

Molecular cloning techniques and V gene phage display have revolutionised the production of human monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies of a defined specificity can be obtained by selecting phage display libraries on antigen in a process known as panning. We have applied these techniques to the isolation of three HLA-A2-specific single chain variable domain fragments (scFv) from a patient alloimmunised by blood transfusion. Analysis of specificity with cells of HLA genotyped donors revealed the following: i) in addition to the major reactivity with HLA-A2, cross-reactivity with the HLA-A28 epitope; and ii) inhibition of scFv binding to the antigen by the patients' antibodies. The heavy chain variable genes of all three were derived from the germline gene Cos-3, carry the hallmarks of somatic hypermutation, and are most likely derived from clonally related B cells. The light chain variable domains were encoded by DPK1 and DPK8 from the VkappaI family. These data show that phage display can be used to clone HLA-specific alloantibodies that recognise the native antigen from alloimmunised patients.
Mass Spectrometry and Its Use in Tandem with Laser Spectroscopy (1990)

Mass spectrometry is undergoing rapid development, especially with the extension of its range into the hundreds of kilodaltons, the emergence of the quadrupole ion trap as a high-performance instrument, and the development of techniques for recording three-dimensional spectra. These advances are summarized in this review; in addition, the power of the combination of lasers and mass spectrometers is given particular emphasis. Their combination has contributed recently to chemical dynamics, to the study of cluster structure and reactivity, and to the elucidation of the properties of highly excited molecules and ions.
Intelligent navigation for an autonomous mobile robot (2003)

The authors present a navigational algorithm for solving the problem of collision-free path planning and real-time control of an autonomous mobile robot in an environment cluttered with moving obstacles. The proposed approach is based on geometric representation/multiobjective A* search and the path smoothing/steering control techniques. An attempt was made to introduce a geometric structure into a paradigm that lacked any previous structure, as well as a multiobject search technique. The proposed navigational system has the following three-level structure: identifier, goal selector, and adapter. The authors are currently implementing the algorithm on a Sun 4 artificial intelligence workstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Turbo trellis coded modulation for fading channels (2002)

The paper presents new power and bandwidth efficient coding schemes that combine turbo codes with M-QAM modulation for fading channels. In the encoder, each group of information bits is associated with its parity check symbol which is alternately obtained from the first and second turbo component encoders. The coded digits of the two encoders are mapped to the in-phase and quadrature components of a modulation signal constellation separately. In the decoder, iterative decoding with symbol-by-symbol MAP algorithm can be employed. Using this approach, code schemes for bandwidth efficiencies of 2, 3 and 4 bits/s/Hz with M-QAM modulation are investigated. The simulation results show that the new schemes have superior performance to the known codes for the same bandwidth efficiency and interleaver size.
N-Confused Tetraphenylporphyrin−Silver(III) Complex<sup>1</sup> (1999)

The synthesis, characterization, and X-ray structure of the first example of an air-stable silver(III) complex of an N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin (5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin argentate(III) or Ag(III)NCTPP, 7) is reported. Crystals of Ag(III)NCTPP·CH2Cl2 belong to the monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14), with a = 9.038(4) Å, b = 15.097(3) Å, c = 25.578(8) Å, β = 91.32(3)°, and Z = 4. The lengths (Å) of the three silver−nitrogen and one silver−carbon bonds are inequivalent [Ag−N(1), 2.06(2); Ag−N(2), 2.08(2); Ag−N(3), 2.03(2); and Ag−C(17), 2.04(2)], reflecting the asymmetric structure of the NCTPP ligand. The very small distortion from a square planar geometry is shown in N−Ag−N and N−Ag−C angles (degrees): N(1)−Ag−N(2), 89.7(8); N(1)−Ag−N(3), 179(1); N(1)−Ag−C(17), 90.3(9); N(2)−Ag−N(3), 89.6(9); N(2)−Ag−C(17), 179(1); and N(3)−Ag−C(17), 90.9(1). The diamagnetic nature of Ag(III)NCTPP was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Electrochemical and spectrochemical studies revealed that ring reduction and oxidation occur at −0.72, 1.21, and 1.50 V vs SHE, respectively. The potential role of NCTPP ligand for stabilization of higher oxidation states of metal ion is discussed.
Genistein affects androgen‐responsive genes through both androgen‐ and estrogen‐induced signaling pathways (2005)

This study examined the mechanisms by which the prostate cancer chemopreventive agent genistein modulates gene expression in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Expression of androgen- and estrogen-regulated genes was measured in LNCaP cells cultured in the presence or absence of hormonal stimulation and the presence or absence of genistein. Genistein strongly suppressed basal expression of androgen-responsive gene (ARG) mRNAs, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK). However, genistein had little or no effect on basal expression of two other ARGs, beta2-microglobulin (B2M) or selenoprotein P (SEPP1). Culturing LNCaP cells in the presence of the synthetic androgen R1881-induced increases in PSA, SPAK, B2M, and SEPP1 mRNA levels. The R1881-induced expression of these genes was uniformly blocked by genistein. For PSA and SPAK, genistein also blocked or downregulated 17beta-estradiol-induced increases in mRNA expression. These results indicate that genistein selectively alters expression of ARG mRNAs in LNCaP cells through modulation of both androgen- and estrogen-induced signaling pathways.
Thermal stability of InGaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes on an AlN/sapphire template (2004)

InGaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on an AlN/sapphire template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The crystalline quality was investigated by x-ray diffraction and electron-beam-induced current. The thermal stability of the LED was demonstrated by measurements of current–voltage, light output power–current, and electroluminescence (EL) spectra at different temperatures. The output power at 200 mA decreased by 7.3% for the LED on the template upon increasing temperature from 25 to 95 °C, while that for the LED on sapphire decreased by 23.9%. The peak external quantum efficiency decreased from 0.23% to 0.22% and from 0.15% to 0.10% for the LEDs on the template and on sapphire, respectively. The EL spectrum peak at 20 mA shifted to lower energy by 17.2 meV for the LED on the template upon increasing temperature, while that for the LED on sapphire shifted by 32.7 meV. The LED on the template exhibited a higher output power and a better thermal stability with respect to the conventional LED on sapphire using a low-temperature GaN buffer layer, which is due to the low threading dislocation density in the active layer and the high thermal conductivity of AlN layer.
Dishevelled 2 Recruits ß-Arrestin 2 to Mediate Wnt5A-Stimulated Endocytosis of Frizzled 4 (2003)

Wnt proteins, regulators of development in many organisms, bind to seven transmembrane-spanning (7TMS) receptors called frizzleds, thereby recruiting the cytoplasmic molecule dishevelled (Dvl) to the plasma membrane.Frizzled-mediated endocytosis of Wg (a Drosophila Wnt protein) and lysosomal degradation may regulate the formation of morphogen gradients. Endocytosis of Frizzled 4 (Fz4) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells was dependent on added Wnt5A protein and was accomplished by the multifunctional adaptor protein beta-arrestin 2 (betaarr2), which was recruited to Fz4 by binding to phosphorylated Dvl2. These findings provide a previously unrecognized mechanism for receptor recruitment of beta-arrestin and demonstrate that Dvl plays an important role in the endocytosis of frizzled, as well as in promoting signaling.
Phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents (2018)

Although active constituents extracted from plants show robust <i>in vitro</i> pharmacological effects, low <i>in vivo</i> absorption greatly limits the widespread application of these compounds. A strategy of using phyto-phospholipid complexes represents a promising approach to increase the oral bioavailability of active constituents, which is consist of ''label-friendly" phospholipids and active constituents. Hydrogen bond interactions between active constituents and phospholipids enable phospholipid complexes as an integral part. This review provides an update on four important issues related to phyto-phospholipid complexes: active constituents, phospholipids, solvents, and stoichiometric ratios. We also discuss recent progress in research on the preparation, characterization, structural verification, and increased bioavailability of phyto-phospholipid complexes.
Recursive bitstream conversion: the reverse mode (1994)

Further results are presented of the recursive bit-stream conversion technique. In particular the sample rate conversion problem is studied to convert a low frequency bit parallel sequence with high word accuracy (such as a PCM signal) into a high frequency sequence with low word accuracy (ultimately to the 1-bit bit-stream format). It is shown that recursive bit-stream conversion is a generalization of a digital sigma-delta modulator or noise shaper. Two important advantages of recursive bit-stream conversion are emphasized. One of these is the property that upsampling and noise shaping are simultaneously performed, set that in theory separate upsampling filters are superfluous. It is shown that a modest performance penalty has to be paid for this property. The other advantage of recursive bit-stream conversion is its capability to perform the major part of the required signal processing at the lower frequency, rather than at the higher frequency as in conventional schemes. The developed theory has been verified with simulation examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Expression System for Recombinant Marine Mussel Adhesive Protein Mefp1 Using a Truncated OmpA Signal Peptide (2008)

To express an increased level of recombinant Mefp1 (marine mussel adhesive protein) in soluble form, we constructed expression vectors encoding truncated OmpA signal peptide-Mefp1 fusion proteins. OmpA signal peptide (OmpASP) is the 21 residue peptide fragment of the 23 residue OmpA signal sequence cleavable by signal peptidase I. We successfully produced increased levels of soluble recombinant Mefp1 (rMefp1) with various deletions of OmpASP, and found that the increased expression was caused by the increased pI of the N-terminus of the fusion proteins (> or = 10.55). All the OmpA signal peptide segments of 3-21 amino acids in length had the same pI value (10.55). Our results suggest that the pI value of the truncated OmpASP (OmpASP(tr)) play an important role in directional signaling for the fusion protein, but we found no evidence for the presence of a secretion enhancer in OmpASP. For practical applications, we increased the expression of soluble rMefp1 with OmpASP(tr) peptides as directional signals, and obtained rMefp1 with the native amino terminus (nN-rMefp1) using an OmpASP(tr)| Xa leader sequence that contains the recognition site for Xa protease.
A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain (2006)

A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed to examine the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the human brain during selective brain cooling (SBC) by unilateral intracarotid freezing-cold saline infusion. To determine the combined effect of hemodilution and hypothermia from the cold saline infusion, data from studies investigating the effect of these two parameters on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were pooled, and an analytic expression describing the combined effect of the two factors was derived. The Pennes bioheat equation used the thermal properties of the different cranial layers and the effect of cold saline infusion on CBF to propagate the evolution of brain temperature. A healthy brain and a brain with stroke (ischemic core and penumbra) were modeled. CBF and metabolic rate data were reduced to simulate the core and penumbra. Simulations using different saline flow rates were performed. The results suggested that a flow rate of 30 ml/min is sufficient to induce moderate hypothermia within 10 min in the ipsilateral hemisphere. The brain with stroke cooled to lower temperatures than the healthy brain, mainly because the stroke limited the total intracarotid blood flow. Gray matter cooled twice as fast as white matter. The continuously falling hematocrit was the main time-limiting factor, restricting the SBC to a maximum of 3 h. The study demonstrated that SBC by intracarotid saline infusion is feasible in humans and may be the fastest method of hypothermia induction.
Molecular Alignment in Nematic Liquid Crystals (1984)

Abstract The relative effectiveness of electric and magnetic fields on the molecular alignment in the nematic phase, of p-methoxy and p-ethoxy p'-n-butyl azo benzenes exhibiting positive dielectric and positive conductivity anisotropies, using rf dielectric constant measurements at 1 MHz and different moderately thick samples are carried out. It is found that, in low frequencies conductivity anisotropy plays a dominant role and in high frequencies relative effectiveness of electric and magnetic fields on the molecular alignment is independent of thickness of the sample in 100–500 μm range. The optical observations are correlated to the changes in molecular alignment and dielectric constant measurements. The behaviour of the distortion of twist in a twisted nematic liquid crystal in the presence of electric fields is also investigated using rf dielectric constant measurements.
From World Wide Web to Semantic Web (2007)

This chapter introduces the incentives for the creation of the Semantic Web, the methodology for its development, and the current status of this development. In contrast to the human function of understanding, the author summarizes four major steps in creating the ability for machines to understand Web content and generate responses. The semantics in the Semantic Web should be explicitly declared in a form that can be operated by a machine, knowledge organization should be provided to support semantic interpretation, software agents must rely on automatic reasoning ability to obtain implied knowledge, and procedural knowledge should be accessed in a community to generate response behavior. Through illustration of the anticipated research efforts in this technology, the author hopes to provide a clear picture of the current status of emergent Semantic Web technology and a suitable direction for its future development.
Induction of an Olfactory Memory by the Activation of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (1994)

Female mice form an olfactory memory of male pheromones at mating; exposure to the pheromones of a strange male after that mating will block pregnancy. The formation of this memory is mediated by the accessory olfactory system, in which an increase in norepinephrine after mating reduces inhibitory transmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid from the granule cells to the mitral cells. This study shows that the activation of mGluR2, a metabotropic glutamate receptor that suppresses the gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibition of the mitral cells, permits the formation of a specific olfactory memory without the occurrence of mating by infusion of mGluR2 agonists into the female's accessory olfactory bulb. This memory faithfully reflects the memory formed at mating.
Anomalous diffusion of boron implanted into silicon along the [100] direction (1988)

We have observed transient enhanced diffusion of boron implanted into silicon along the [100] channeling direction and compared it with that of boron implanted in a ‘‘random’’ direction. It is found that the anomalous boron displacement for the channeled implants is significantly greater than for the random counterparts. An empirical explanation for the greater displacement of the channeled implants is proposed that is related to the spatial distribution of the implanted boron and the lattice damage generated by the implantation process.
New genera and species of Acocephalinae [Homoptera] (1915)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Age of Atlantic halibut larvae (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) at first feeding (1990)

Halibut larvae at different age (150 to 315 day-degrees) were transferred to\noutdoor startfeeding tanks each with two internal plastic bags (100 litre). The\nlarvae were fed wild zooplankton. One bag was sampled after 24 hours, and the\nother after nine days. Numbers of larvae with food in the gut, without food in gut\nand dead larvae, were counted for each larval age tested. The results showed that\nsome larvae captured prey at an age of 150 day-degrees. However, at this age few\nlarvae were alive after nine days. The fraction of larvae with food in the gut\nincreased during the period tested. Survival after 24 hours and after nine days\nwere highest when first feeding took place at a larval age of approximately 230\nday-degrees.
Pigmentation and Antibacterial Activity of Fast Neutron- and X-Ray-induced Strains of <i>Monascus purpureus</i> Went (1977)

Seven new strains of Monascus purpureus Went were induced by neutron and x-ray irradiation. The quantity and quality of pigments produced by these strains differed. Strains N4S and N11S produced twice as much pigment as normal, while another strain, N14S, was albino. An unknown orange pigment was found in young colonies of the N11S strain. This orange pigment reacted with alcohols and malt extract medium to form red pigments. Strains N4S, N11S, X2P, and wild type inhibited the growth of certain bacteria, especially the Bacillus species. Strain N11S had more antibacterial activity than wild type. A major active compound was isolated with an ultraviolet absorption spectrum that was related to those of the red pigments found in this fungus. The active compound(s) was named monascidin.
Expression of retroviral vectors containing the human multidrug resistance 1 cDNA in hematopoietic cells of transplanted mice (1995)

Transfer of the human multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene to hematopoietic stem cells offers an approach to overcome the myelosuppression caused by a number of antineoplastic drugs. This study was designed to determine the effect of MDR1 gene transfer on overall P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in murine hematopoietic cells. Mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells infected with either of two different MDR1 retroviral vectors. A reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based assay was used to quantify expression levels of both endogenous and vector-derived P-gp encoding transcripts in hematopoietic cells of transplanted mice. Expression of both a truncated and full-length MDR1 mRNA species was noted in bone marrow and spleen colony cells. The truncated message resulted from cryptic mRNA splice sites within the MDR1 cDNA and was detected with both vectors. Full-length message levels exceeded those from the endogenous genes in all but one case and roughly approximated that seen in the modestly drug-resistant cell line SW620. We conclude that transfer of MDR1 retroviral vectors resulted in a significant increase in P-gp expression in most cases; however, aberrant splicing of MDR1 transcripts can result in reduced expression of vector-derived P-gp.
Review of catumaxomab in the treatment of malignant ascites (2010)

Abstract: Malignant ascites is frequently found with various solid tumors, and no established treatment options exist, apart from symptomatic paracentesis. Catumaxomab, a trifunctional bispecific monoclonal antibody, has two binding specificities directed to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and the T cell antigen CD3. With its Fc-fragment, catumaxomab additionally binds accessory cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. The trifunctional approach thus leads to a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted but specific killing of epithelial tumor cells without need for preactivation or external costimulation. Because EpCAM is expressed in most solid tumors, but not in tissue of mesothelial origin, intraperitoneal treatment with catumaxomab is tumor-specific. Intraperitoneal treatment with catumaxomab resulted in a significant prolongation of puncture-free survival in patients with malignant ascites due to epithelial cancer. Catumaxomab has been approved in Europe for the intraperitoneal treatment of malignant ascites in patients with EpCAM-positive epithelial tumors where standard therapy is not available or no longer feasible. Keywords: catumaxomab, ascites, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
COX‐2, but not COX‐1, activity is necessary for the induction of perforant path long‐term potentiation and spatial learning<i>in vivo</i> (2008)

The objectives of this research were to investigate the role played by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) in learning and memory, synaptic plasticity and synaptic transmission in the rat brain in vivo. Male Wistar rats were treated with isoform-selective inhibitors for COX-1 and COX-2, either chronically and tested in the watermaze or acutely before electrophysiological recordings were made. We found a significant impairment in acquisition of the watermaze with inhibition of COX-2. Furthermore, we found COX-2 but not COX-1 inhibition significantly blocked long-term potentiation (LTP) induction but had no effect on already established LTP. Moreover, exogenous replacement of the main metabolite of COX-2 activity, PGE(2), was sufficient to restore LTP induction and for normal downstream signalling to ensue, namely extracellular signalling-regulated kinase (ERK)-phosphorylation and c-FOS expression. We conclude that endogenous basal levels of PGE(2) resulting from COX-2 but not COX-1 activity are necessary for synaptic plasticity and memory acquisition.
Detection of Time-Varying Structures by Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping to Aid Reading of High-Resolution CT Images of the Lung (2014)

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of advanced non-linear registration of serial lung Computed Tomography (CT) images using Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM).