gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependent Urbach tail measurements of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CaF</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>single crystals (2009)

In the deep ultraviolet spectral range the transmission of high-purity ${\text{CaF}}_{2}$ was measured using synchrotron radiation. In the vicinity of the band gap below 11.2 eV or for wavelength longer than 90 nm, a scaling behavior of the absorption as a function of photon energy was observed. Temperature-dependent measurements allow one to distinguish two different absorption mechanisms which differ by their ability to couple to phonon excitations. These two types of Urbach tails were analyzed. The origin of the temperature-independent tail is due to defects in the lattice, whereas the temperature-dependent part originates from short-time localization of exciton mode coupling to lattice distortion.
Towards Optimal Platform-Based Robot Design for Ankle Rehabilitation: The State of the Art and Future Prospects (2018)

This review aims to compare existing robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation techniques in terms of robot design. Included studies mainly consist of selected papers in two published reviews involving a variety of robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation techniques. A free search was also made in Google Scholar and Scopus by using keywords "ankle<sup>∗</sup>," and "robot<sup>∗</sup>," and ("rehabilitat<sup>∗</sup>" or "treat<sup>∗</sup>"). The search is limited to English-language articles published between January 1980 and September 2016. Results show that existing robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation techniques can be classified into wearable exoskeleton and platform-based devices. Platform-based devices are mostly developed for the treatment of a variety of ankle musculoskeletal and neurological injuries, while wearable ones focus more on ankle-related gait training. In terms of robot design, comparative analysis indicates that an ideal ankle rehabilitation robot should have aligned rotation center as the ankle joint, appropriate workspace, and actuation torque, no matter how many degrees of freedom (DOFs) it has. Single-DOF ankle robots are mostly developed for specific applications, while multi-DOF devices are more suitable for comprehensive ankle rehabilitation exercises. Other factors including posture adjustability and sensing functions should also be considered to promote related clinical applications. An ankle rehabilitation robot with reconfigurability to maximize its functions will be a new research point towards optimal design, especially on parallel mechanisms.
Direct Mapping of Additional Modifications on Phosphorylated O-glycans of α-Dystroglycan by Mass Spectrometry Analysis in Conjunction with Knocking Out of Causative Genes for Dystroglycanopathy (2016)

Dystroglycanopathy is a major class of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by a deficiency of functional glycans on α-dystroglycan (αDG) with laminin-binding activity. Recent advances have led to identification of several causative gene products of dystroglycanopathy and characterization of their in vitro enzymatic activities. However, the in vivo functional roles remain equivocal for enzymes such as ISPD, FKTN, FKRP, and TMEM5 that are supposed to be involved in post-phosphoryl modifications linking the GalNAc-β3-GlcNAc-β4-Man-6-phosphate core and the outer laminin-binding glycans. Herein, by direct nano-LC-MS<sup>2</sup>/MS<sup>3</sup> analysis of tryptic glycopeptides derived from a truncated recombinant αDG expressed in the wild-type and a panel of mutated cells deficient in one of these enzymes, we sought to define the full extent of variable modifications on this phosphorylated core O-glycan at the functional Thr<sup>317</sup>/Thr<sup>319</sup> sites. We showed that the most abundant glycoforms carried a phosphorylated core at each of the two sites, with and without a single ribitol phosphate (RboP) extending from terminal HexNAc. At much lower signal intensity, a novel substituent tentatively assigned as glycerol phosphate (GroP) was additionally detected. As expected, tandem RboP extended with a GlcA-Xyl unit was only identified in wild type, whereas knocking out of either ISPD or FKTN prevented formation of RboP. In the absence of FKRP, glycoforms with single but not tandem RboP accumulated, consistent with the suggested role of this enzyme in transferring the second RboP. Intriguingly, the single GroP modification also required functional FKTN whereas absence of TMEM5 significantly hindered only the addition of RboP. Our findings thus revealed additional levels of complexity associated with the core structures, suggesting functional interplay among these enzymes through their interactions. The simplified analytical workflow developed here should facilitate rapid mapping across a wider range of cell types to gain better insights into its physiological relevance.
Phase I Trial of 5-Day Continuous Venous Infusion of Oxaliplatin at Circadian Rhythm-Modulated Rate Compared With Constant Rate (1990)

The toxic effects and tissue uptake of both cisplatin and oxaliplatin--[(1R, 2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N'] [oxalato(2-)-O,O']platinum--were previously shown to vary similarly according to dosing time in mice. A 4-hour infusion of cisplatin resulted in fewer side effects and allowed administration of higher doses at 16 hours than at 4 hours in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that the continuous venous infusion of oxaliplatin for 5 days would be less toxic and would deliver a higher dose to the patient if the drug were infused at a circadian rhythm-modulated rate (peak at 16 hr; schedule B) rather than at a constant rate (schedule A). We tested this hypothesis in a randomized phase I trial. We escalated the dose of oxaliplatin to the patient by 25 mg/m2 per course. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks. An external, multichannel, programmable-in-time pump was used for the infusions. Toxicity was assessable for 94 courses in 23 patients (12 patients with breast carcinoma, nine with hepatocellular carcinoma, and two with cholangiocarcinoma). The incidence of neutropenia of World Health Organization grades II-IV and the incidence of distal paresthesias were 10 or more times higher (P less than .05) with schedule A than with schedule B. In addition, vomiting was 55% higher (P = .15) with schedule A than with schedule B. Furthermore, with schedule B, the mean dose of oxaliplatin (P less than .001) and its maximum tolerated dose (P = .06) could be increased by 15% over those doses with schedule A. An objective response was achieved in two of the 12 patients with previously treated breast cancer. We recommend that the dose of oxaliplatin for phase II trials be 175 mg/m2, delivered according to the circadian rhythm-modulated rate.
Long-term stability of a hermetically packaged MEMS disk oscillator (2013)

A low phase noise oscillator referenced to a wineglass disk MEMS resonator, hermetically vacuum packaged in a purpose-built packaging system, and measured in a double-oven, has provided a first long-term measurement of a MEMS disk oscillator over 10 months. After an initial burn-in period, the frequency can be seen to stabilize to within the short-term measurement variation of 300 ppb over a period of months, a significant improvement from previous studies on other MEMS resonator types, where frequency fluctuations were between 3.1 ppm and 1.2 ppm over similar time scales. Including burn-in, the total observed aging of 10 ppm is now on par with many consumer-grade quartz oscillators designed for timing applications and sufficient for target wireless sensor network applications.
Urease Activity on a Clay‐Organic Complex (1985)

Abstract Urease may be adsorbed on hexadecyltrimethyl‐ammonium (HDTMA)‐smectite by hydrophobic bonding. This mechanism is independent of pH and results in enzyme activity ash igh as that in homogenous solution. As much as forty percent by weight of enzyme can be bound to the clay‐organic complex before free enzyme appears in the supernatant solution. Several cycles of washing the enzyme‐clay‐organic complex at the 10% by weight level did not result in any enzyme removal. The free and bound enzyme behaved similarly with respect to kinetic parameters, pH optimum, and selectivity for substrate. Thermal stability and resistance to proteolysis were greatly decreased for urease immobilized on HDTMA smectite as compared with homogenous solution. In soils, enzymes may be immobilized on natural clay‐organic matter complexes by hydrophobic bonding.
A Single Amino Acid Mutation in the PA Subunit of the Influenza Virus RNA Polymerase Inhibits Endonucleolytic Cleavage of Capped RNAs (2002)

The influenza A virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase consists of three subunits-PB1, PB2, and PA. The PB1 subunit is the catalytically active polymerase, catalyzing the sequential addition of nucleotides to the growing RNA chain. The PB2 subunit is a cap-binding protein that plays a role in initiation of viral mRNA synthesis by recruiting capped RNA primers. The function of PA is unknown, but previous studies of temperature-sensitive viruses with mutations in PA have implied a role in viral RNA replication. In this report we demonstrate that the PA subunit is required not only for replication but also for transcription of viral RNA. We mutated evolutionarily conserved amino acids to alanines in the C-terminal region of the PA protein, since the C-terminal region shows the highest degree of conservation between PA proteins of influenza A, B, and C viruses. We tested the effects of these mutations on the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe and replicate viral RNA. We also tested the compatibility of these mutations with viral viability by using reverse-genetics techniques. A mutant with a histidine-to-alanine change at position 510 (H510A) in the PA protein of influenza A/WSN/33 virus showed a differential effect on transcription and replication. This mutant was able to perform replication (vRNA-->cRNA-->vRNA), but its transcriptional activity (vRNA-->mRNA) was negligible. In vitro analyses of the H510A recombinant polymerase, by using transcription initiation, vRNA-binding, capped-RNA-binding, and endonuclease assays, suggest that the primary defect of this mutant polymerase is in its endonuclease activity.
Complications of Hinged External Fixation Compared With Cross-pinning of the Elbow for Acute and Subacute Instability (2014)

Level III, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Characterization of a Novel Human Adenylyl Cyclase Which Is Present in Brain and Other Tissues (1995)

We characterized a human cDNA clone which encodes a novel adenylyl cyclase. Data from Southern and Northern blot analysis, and analysis of sequence similarity with a recently cloned mouse adenylyl cyclase (10), indicated that the human adenylyl cyclase was a species variant of type VII adenylyl cyclase. The sequence of the novel human adenylyl cyclase indicated it was a member of the type II adenylyl cyclase family, and we compared the regulatory characteristics of the novel human enzyme with those of type II adenylyl cyclase. The human type VII and rat type II adenylyl cyclases, expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, were activated by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), but only type VII was activated by isoproterenol. The stimulation of type VII adenylyl cyclase by PGE1 and isoproterenol was attenuated by pretreatment of the cells with staurosporine. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate synergistically enhanced the stimulation of both type VII and type II enzyme activity by PGE1 and by the constitutively active Gs mutant Gs (Q227L). The human type VII adenylyl cyclase activity was unresponsive to capacitatively induced changes in intracellular Ca2+. The functional characteristics of human type VII adenylyl cyclase resemble those of the rat type II enzyme, but the enzymes may respond differently to in vivo phosphorylation conditions. While the mRNA for adenylyl cyclase type II was found in several brain areas, the message for type VII adenylyl cyclase was localized primarily to the cerebellar granule cell layer.
Kinetics of Bacterial Fluorescence Staining with 3,3′-Diethylthiacyanine (2010)

For more than a century, colorimetric and fluorescence staining have been the foundation of a broad range of key bioanalytical techniques. The dynamics of such staining processes, however, still remains largely unexplored. We investigated the kinetics of fluorescence staining of two gram-negative and two gram-positive species with 3,3'-diethylthiacyanine (THIA) iodide. An increase in the THIA fluorescence quantum yield, induced by the bacterial dye uptake, was the principal reason for the observed emission enhancement. The fluorescence quantum yield of THIA depended on the media viscosity and not on the media polarity, which suggested that the microenvironment of the dye molecules taken up by the cells was restrictive. The kinetics of fluorescence staining did not manifest a statistically significant dependence neither on the dye concentration, nor on the cell count. In the presence of surfactant additives, however, the fluorescence-enhancement kinetic patterns manifested species specificity with statistically significant discernibility.
Intracranial Injection of AAV Expressing NEP but Not IDE Reduces Amyloid Pathology in APP+PS1 Transgenic Mice (2013)

The accumulation of β-amyloid peptides in the brain has been recognized as an essential factor in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Several proteases, including Neprilysin (NEP), endothelin converting enzyme (ECE), and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), have been shown to cleave β-amyloid peptides (Aβ). We have previously reported reductions in amyloid in APP+PS1 mice with increased expression of ECE. In this study we compared the vector-induced increased expression of NEP and IDE. We used recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors expressing either native forms of NEP (NEP-n) or IDE (IDE-n), or engineered secreted forms of NEP (NEP-s) or IDE (IDE-s). In a six-week study, immunohistochemistry staining for total Aβ was significantly decreased in animals receiving the NEP-n and NEP-s but not for IDE-n or IDE-s in either the hippocampus or cortex. Congo red staining followed a similar trend revealing significant decreases in the hippocampus and the cortex for NEP-n and NEP-s treatment groups. Our results indicate that while rAAV-IDE does not have the same therapeutic potential as rAAV-NEP, rAAV-NEP-s and NEP-n are effective at reducing amyloid loads, and both of these vectors continue to have significant effects nine months post-injection. As such, they may be considered reasonable candidates for gene therapy trials in AD.
Tampa Electric Neural Network Sootblowing (2003)

of the Big Bend units helped identify intelligent sootblowing as a suitable application to achieve the desired objectives. The existing sootblower control philosophy uses sequential schemes, whose frequency is either dictated by the control room operator or is timed based. The intent of this project is to implement a neural network based intelligent sootblowing system, in conjunction with state-of-the-art controls and instrumentation, to optimize the operation of a utility boiler and systematically control boiler fouling. Utilizing unique, on-line, adaptive technology, operation of the sootblowers can be dynamically controlled based on real-time events and conditions within the boiler. This could be an extremely cost-effective technology, which has the ability to be readily and easily adapted to virtually any pulverized coal fired boiler. Through unique on-line adaptive technology, Neural Network-based systems optimize the boiler operation by accommodating equipment performance changes due to wear and maintenance activities, adjusting to fluctuations in fuel quality, and improving operating flexibility. The system dynamically adjusts combustion setpoints and bias settings in closed-loop supervisory control to simultaneously reduce NO{sub x} emissions and improve heat rate around the clock.
Self‐Propelled Janus Mesoporous Silica Nanomotors with Sub‐100 nm Diameters for Drug Encapsulation and Delivery (2014)

The synthesis of an innovative self-propelled Janus nanomotor with a diameter of about 75 nm that can be used as a drug carrier is described. The Janus nanomotor is based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with chromium/platinum metallic caps and propelled by decomposing hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen as a driving force with speeds up to 20.2 μm s(-1) (about 267 body lengths per second). The diffusion coefficient (D) of nanomotors with different H2 O2 concentrations is calculated by tracking the movement of individual particles recorded by means of a self-assembled fluorescence microscope and is significantly larger than free Brownian motion. The traction of a single Janus MSN nanomotor is estimated to be about 13.47×10(-15) N. Finally, intracellular localization and drug release in vitro shows that the amount of Janus MSN nanomotors entering the cells is more than MSNs with same culture time and particle concentrations, meanwhile anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride loaded in Janus MSNs can be slowly released by biodegradation of lipid bilayers in cells.
An Audio Frequency Acquision and Release System Based on TMS320VC5509 (2007)

This paper described the total plan and software and hardware design of an audio acquisition and release system based on TMS320VC5509 digital signal processor(DSP).It discussed in detail the interface between DSP and codec,and how to implement the audio acquisition and release operation.
Subcritical Water Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Soil and Sediment (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubcritical Water Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Soil and SedimentYu. Yang, Soren. Bowadt, Steven B. Hawthorne, and David J. MillerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 24, 4571–4576Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00120a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00120a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations167LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro quantitative model of catheter infection during simulated parenteral nutrition (1988)

We developed a quantitative in vitro model of catheter infection. Colonization was initiated by inoculating the catheter lumen with a small number of bacteria (approximately 5 x 10(3) viable organisms). Then the inoculated catheters were used for simulated total parenteral nutrition therapy consisting of infusions for 9 h a day, and bacteria were counted in the effluent fluid against time, enabling us to monitor catheter colonization quantitatively. Bacterial colonization of prosthetic devices is a progressive process, as evidenced by the slow day-to-day increase of bacterial release seen here. On the other hand, bacterial strains of various representative species exhibited significant differences in their ability to infect catheters. These results suggest that the in vitro model presented here is a reliable tool for monitoring the degree of catheter colonization under standardized conditions and could be used for further studying the main factors of catheter-related sepsis or the treatment of this information.
Topical treatment for human papillomavirus-associated genital warts in humans with the novel tellurium immunomodulator AS101: assessment of its safety and efficacy (2008)

AS101 15% w/w cream is an effective and safe, self-administered therapy used for the treatment of external vulval and perianal warts. The cream is applied topically twice daily for up to 16 weeks. A very low recurrence rate was reported.
A novel mammalian Ras GTPase-activating protein which has phospholipid-binding and Btk homology regions. (1994)

We have previously purified a novel GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Ras which is immunologically distinct from the known Ras GAPs, p120GAP and neurofibromin (M. Maekawa, S. Nakamura, and S. Hattori, J. Biol. Chem. 268:22948-22952, 1993). On the basis of the partial amino acid sequence, we have obtained a cDNA which encodes the novel Ras GAP. The predicted protein consists of 847 amino acids whose calculated molecular mass, 96,369 Da, is close to the apparent molecular mass of the novel Ras GAP, 100 kDa. The amino acid sequence shows a high degree of similarity to the entire sequence of the Drosophila melanogaster Gap1 gene. When the catalytic domain of the novel GAP was compared with that of Drosophila Gap1, p120GAP, and neurofibromin, the highest degree of similarity was again observed with Gap1. Thus, we designated this gene Gap1m, a mammalian counterpart of the Drosophila Gap1 gene. Expression of Gap1m was relatively high in brain, placenta, and kidney tissues, and it was expressed at low levels in other tissues. A recombinant protein consisting of glutathione-S-transferase and the GAP-related domain of Gap1m stimulated GTPase of normal Ras but not that of Ras having valine at the 12th residue. Expression of the same region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressed the ira2- phenotype. In addition to the GAP catalytic domain, Gap1m has two domains with sequence closely related to those of the phospholipid-binding domain of synaptotagmin and a region with similarity to the unique domain of Btk tyrosine kinase. These results clearly show that Gap1m is a novel Ras GAP molecule of mammalian cells.
Characterization of N6-Cyclohexyladenosine-Induced Hypothermia in Syrian Hamsters (2005)

The N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA)-induced hypothermia in Syrian hamsters was characterized as follows: intracerebroventricular injection of CHA-induced hypothermia and the potency was increased by lowering the ambient temperature. CHA microinjection into the anterior hypothalamus (AH) elicited the most marked body temperature (T(b)) decrease compared with other regions such as the preoptic area, dorsomedial hypothalamus, posterior hypothalamus, and hippocampus. In contrast, microinjected CHA into the medial septum, ventromedial hypothalamus, and lateral hypothalamus resulted in negligible changes in T(b). These results suggest that CHA-induced hypothermia was probably due to suppression of thermogenesis via the site(s) of CHA action, viz., the AH and medial hypothalamus.