gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing and properties of blends with liquid crystal polymers (1990)

Abstract Experimental data on the processing behavior and on the rheological and mechanical properties of blends with a liquid crystal polymer as one component are presented. The blends with low amounts of LCP show easier processability and lower viscosity than the thermoplastic matrix. The elastic modulus is also improved. The reduction of viscosity has been attributed to the lower pressure entry, due to the formation of fibrils and to the immiscibility of the two phases.
Temperature Gradient Microscope Stage Suitable for Freezing Materials with Melting Points between −100 and +200°C (1966)

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Host CD73 impairs anti-tumor immunity (2012)

The enzymatic activity of CD73 produces immune-suppressing adenosine. In CD73 deficient hosts, tumor growth and tumor infiltration by Tregs and type 2 immunosuppressive macrophages is reduced. Pharmacological inhibition of CD73 in wild-type mice has similar tumor-suppressing effects. Host CD73 on leukocytes and endothelial cells is thus detrimental for the anti-tumor immunity.
Abstract 17294: Medication Discrepancies in Heart Failure: an Independent Predictor of Hospitalizations (2011)

Background: One advantage of the recent mandate by the U.S. government for electronic medical records (EMR) is the ability to reconcile medications in order to limit adverse effects of polypharmacy, thereby potentially improving outcomes. High-risk patients on multiple medications, such as those with heart failure (HF), stand to benefit greatly from the EMR. While medication discrepancies still occur in the EMR, their association with adverse outcomes in HF has not previously been examined. Hypothesis: The number of medication discrepancies in the EMR of HF patients is associated with adverse outcomes. Methods: We prospectively studied 99 HF patients and compared medications lists in the EMR with patient-reported medications to determine the number of medication discrepancies. We dichotomized patients into 2 groups: “Low Discrepancies” (0-1) and “High Discrepancies” (2 or greater). Multivariable linear regression was performed to determine whether increased number of medication discrepancies was independently associated with increased number of hospitalizations over a 1-year period. Results: Patients with increased medication discrepancies (≥ 2) were more symptomatic based on NYHA class, had a higher number of health care providers, and had more hospitalizations over a 1 year period (Table). On multivariable linear regression analysis, the number of medication discrepancies was independently associated with the number of hospitalizations (beta-coefficient 0.17, 95% CI 0.08-0.25), p<0.0001 per each medication discrepancy after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, NYHA class, and total number of medications. Conclusion: Despite the use of a well-established EMR in HF patients, medication discrepancies still exist. The number of medications discrepancies is an independent predictor of number of hospitalizations in patients with HF. Improving EMR medication reconciliation, especially in HF patients who have multiple providers, is critical.
A stator flux oriented induction machine drive (2003)

The sensitivity of the parameters of a rotor-flux-oriented system using rotor flux estimation is discussed, and a stator-flux-oriented scheme is developed. Since the estimation of the stator flux is independent of the leakage, the steady-state performance of the stator-flux-oriented system is insensitive to the leakage inductance. A decoupler is designed to minimize the coupling in the stator-flux reference frame, improving the dynamic performance of the system. Digital simulation is carried out to show that the performance of the stator-flux-oriented system is superior to that of a detuned rotor-flux-oriented system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulsed magnetic resonance : NMR, ESR, and optics : a recognition of E.L. Hahn (1992)

The echo phenomenon Pulsed NMR in solids then and now New angles in motional averaging The multidimensional importance of time-domain magnetic resonance NMR and enzymes Spin echoes and thermodynamics Thermodynamics of Hartmann-Hahn cross-polarization On the possibility of nuclear self-spin-locking in ferromagnets High-temperature superconductivity and an apparent breakdown of causality Spin choreography The two-pulse spin echo revisited Deuteron multiple echoes Spin echoes and the dynamic properties of membranes Imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance Clinical imaging Pulsed electron-nuclear spectroscopy and the study of metalloprotein active sites Electron spin echo envelope modulation studies of mixed valence manganese complexes: applications to the catalytic manganese cluster of photosynthetic oxygen evolution Nuclear orientation via electron spin locking in Si:B Coherent Raman beats in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy Time evolution of electron-nuclear cross-polarization in radiofrequency induced optical nuclear spin polarization Optical excitation and detection of spin precession Quantum beat echoes.
Mutants of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1: mitogenicity and recognition by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (1990)

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), a 22-kilodalton protein made by strains of Staphylococcus aureus harboring the chromosomal toxin gene, may elicit toxic shock syndrome in humans. In vitro, TSST-1 induces T cells to proliferate and macrophages to secrete interleukin-1. To conduct a structure-function analysis, point mutations on the TSST-1 gene were generated by site-directed mutagenesis to identify amino acids critical for activity of the toxin. Specific tyrosine and histidine residues were replaced by alanines. Wild-type and mutant TSST-1 gene constructs were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the products were tested for their mitogenic potential and reactivity with a TSST-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb 8-5-7). Four of the mutants were similar to the wild type; i.e., the mutant toxins stimulated murine T cells and reacted with MAb 8-5-7 equally as well as the wild type. Two mutants exhibited a decrease in mitogenic activity, but one of these retained the capacity to bind with MAb 8-5-7 while the other was no longer recognized by the same antibody. One double mutant demonstrated minimal mitogenic activity and did not react in enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunoblot assays with MAb 8-5-7. The data show that specific residues near the carboxy terminus of TSST-1 are essential for mitogenic activity and in forming the epitope recognized by neutralizing MAb 8-5-7.
Rabies in North America and Europe (2002)

Rabies is caused by infection with a negative-stranded RNA virus within the Lyssavirus genus (family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales), mainly transmitted via saliva following a bite from an infected animal. Transmission may also occur through mucous membranes, but not through intact skin. The main source of infection from domestic reservoir species is dogs and cats.

There are seven rabies virus (RV) genotypes, six of which have similar effects in man; the exception is genotype 2, which has never been isolated in human cases. The main genotypes of interest for the purpose of this review are 1, 5 and 6. Genotype 1 viruses have a worldwide distribution and are generally found in terrestrial animals. Genotypes 5 and 6, commonly known as European bat lyssaviruses (EBLs), are restricted in distribution to Europe and are frequently isolated from European bats. Genotype 1 viruses have never been isolated from European bats.

Rabies can probably infect most if not all mammals. The virus enters the central nervous system of the new host, causing an encephalomyelitis which is always fatal once symptoms develop. The manifestations in human cases include spasms, hallucinations, hydrophobia, aerophobia, dysphasia, paralysis and coma. Extreme agitation and convulsions can be interspersed with periods of lucidity. World wide, the disease causes many thousands of human deaths each year. The World Health Organization (WHO) World Survey of Rabies for the year 1997 gave an estimate of between 35 000 and 50 000 annually1. Gross under-reporting is likely because many countries lack the necessary diagnostic facilities; also, the populations most affected tend to be rural (especially in developing countries) with erratic notification systems. African and Asian countries are particularly affected because of their animal reservoirs and the lack of healthcare and control measures. The subject has been thoroughly reviewed by King and Turner2. Here we focus on human rabies in North America and Europe.
Advances in water desalination (2013)

Preface vii Noam Lior Introduction to the Book Series ix Noam Lior About the Authors xi 1. Water Desalination Revisited in Changing Physical and Economic Environments 1 Yehia M. El-Sayed 2. Environmental and Performance Aspects of Pretreatment and Desalination Technologies 79 Sabine Lattemann, Sergio G. Salinas Rodriguez, Maria D. Kennedy, Jan C. Schippers, and Gary L. Amy 3. Economic Aspects of Water Desalination 197 Amitzur Barak 4. Advances in Hollow-Fiber Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Modules in Seawater Desalination 309 Atsuo Kumano 5. Adsorption Desalination Cycle 377 Anutosh Chakraborty, Kyaw Thu, Bidyut Baran Saha, and Kim Choon Ng 6. Advanced Instrumentation, Measurement, Control, and Automation (IMCA) in Multistage Flash (MSF) and Reverse-Osmosis (RO) Water Desalination 453 Noam Lior, Ali El-Nashar, and Corrado Sommariva Index 659
Crosswatch: a system for providing guidance to visually impaired travelers at traffic intersection (2013)

The paper addresses an innovative solution to a key problem faced by blind and visually impaired travelers, which has the potential to greatly improve independent travel for these individuals.
The Profile Editor: Designing a direct manipulative tool for assembling profiles (1997)

Information filtering systems retrieve documents from document streams according to their users&apos; long-term information interests represented by so-called profiles. The Profile Editor proposed in this article allows the interactive, direct manipulative construction of profiles. It takes a set of ranked queries and compiles them into a single profile by cropping and re-ranking the queries&apos; results. The approach of manual profile generation is expected to lead to two advantages: a) Profile generation is expected to be much faster than feedback-based automatic profile generation and b) users&apos; confidence in their profiles should be higher because they are in control of their profiles. The Profile Editor is currently being implemented in the context of an Internet TV program guide, in which it will be evaluated during the next months. Keywords information filtering, profile, histograms, sliders, direct manipulation, user interfaces, Java INTRODUCTION The goal of information filtering s...
Direct analysis of peptides and amino acids from capillary electrophoresis (1991)

Capillary zone electrophoresis of peptides on a preparative scale and direct analysis of both amino acid sequences and compositions are demonstrated. Using native and synthetic peptides prepared by repetitive runs and appropriate collections, sufficient material for direct sequence analysis is obtained after just a few runs, while single runs suffice for total compositions. Electrophoretic direct amino acid analysis without derivatization is also possible and gives especially high sensitivity for aromatic residues (less than 200 fmols) plus convenient distinction of amidated versus free C-terminal residues after carboxypeptidase digestions.
Light-Induced Charge Separation across Ru(II)-Modified Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> Interfaces with Phenothiazine Donors (1997)

Long-lived interfacial charge-separated pairs, [TiO2(e-), D+], have been created by visible light excitation of Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds anchored to TiO2 particles in the presence of phenothiazine donors, D. The kinetic aspects of the formation and recombination have been kinetically resolved for analogous colloidal TiO2 solutions and films. Charge-separated pair lifetimes are shortened in colloidal films due to their high local concentrations. Less than 1% incident photon-to-current efficiency is observed when PTZ (phenothiazine) derivatives are employed as donors in regenerative solar cells. Light excitation of Ru(4,4‘-(CO2H)2-2,2‘-bipyridine)2(4-CH3,4‘-CH2-PTZ-2,2‘-bipyridine)]2+, anchored to TiO2, results in rapid intramolecular electron transfer from PTZ to the ruthenium metal center which efficiently translates the hole away from the chromophoric unit to the pendant PTZ group. The net result is the formation of a remarkably long-lived charge-separated pair, TiO2(e-)|−RuII−PTZ+, that lives for ∼ 300 μs and directly results in an increased open circuit photovoltage when compared to a model compound.
An Introduction to ATM Networks (2001)

From the Publisher:
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a technique in telecommunications which transmits information (including data, voice and images) over digital networks. Written by a highly regarded author and expert in the field (with a background in communications and computer systems) this text is aimed towards the undergraduate level. Despite numerous titles written about this subject, this is the first book to offer students and networking engineers a complete overview of ATM Networks. The importance of ATM networks is widely appreciated, with the increasing number of ATM courses being added to a greater number of university's curricula. Research is also developing to stress its necessity for backbone networks. Perros's approach is to lay down the foundations in the first few chapters by discussing its history and development and progresses to all appropriate aspects connected with ATM such as signalling, architecture, transmission and standards. * Introductory text into ATM Networks, including their development, architecture and signalling * Contains extensive glossary covering all the abbreviations and terms relating to ATM Networks * Rapidly growing area in both research and academic disciplines * Provides the reader with a qualitative description of the functions and operations inherent to various aspects of high-speed ATM Networks
The dopamine D4 receptor. (1996)

The observation that receptors which mediate their signals through heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (Gproteins) share a considerable amount of sequence similarity has resulted in the rapid molecular characterization of this receptor superfamily. Moreover, it became clear that several receptor families consisted of more receptor subtypes than originally anticipated from pharmacological studies. The dopamine (DA) receptor family, which was originally thought to comprise two receptor types (D1 and D2), includes to date five different DA receptor genes (Bunzow et al. 1988; Dearry et al. 1990; Sokoloff et al. 1990; Sunahara et al. 1990, 1991; Tiberi et al. 1991; Van Tol et al. 1991; Zhou et al. 1990). The major difference between the D1-like receptors D1 and D5/D1B lies in their distribution, but pharmacologically and functionally these two receptors are almost indistinguishable (Sunahara et al. 1991; Tiberi et al. 1991). The D2-like receptor family includes two alternatively spliced forms of the D2 receptor (Dal Toso et al. 1989; Giros et al. 1989; Grandy et al. 1989; Monsma et al. 1989), and the D3 (Sokoloff et al. 1990) and D4 (Van Tol et al. 1991) receptors. Apart from clear differences in distribution profiles, the D2-like receptors also display pharmacological differences. The cloned D2 receptor is able to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (Albert et al. 1990), and is also able to activate several other signal transduction pathways (Elsholtz et al. 1991; Kanterman et al. 1991; Vallar et al. 1990). Moreover, the two alternatively spliced forms of the D2 receptor are not identical in their functional activity (Hayes et al. 1992; Montmayeur et al. 1993).
Air Bubbles Pass the Security System of the Dialysis Device Without Alarming (2007)

During hemodialysis microembolic findings have been noted after the venous chamber (subclavian vein). The aim of this study was to evaluate if air could pass the venous chamber and, if so, if it passes the safety-system detector for air-infusion without triggering an alarm. Various in vitro dialysis settings were performed using regular dialysis devices. A dextran fluid was used instead of blood to avoid the risk of development of emboli. Optical visualization as well as recirculation and collection of eventual air into an intermediate bag were investigated. In addition, a specifically designed ultrasound monitor was placed after the venous air trap to measure the presence of eventual microbubbles. Speed of dialysis fluid was changed, as was the level of the fluid in the air trap. Thereby a fluid level was considered "high" if it was close to the top of the air trap and "low" if it was around the mid part of the air trap. By optical vision microbubbles were seen at the bottom of the air trap and could pass the air trap towards the venous line without alarming. During recirculation several mL of air were collected in an intermediate bag after the venous line. Ultrasound monitoring exhibited the presence of microbubbles of the size of approximately 5 microm upwards passing to the venous line in all runs performed. Amount of bubbles differed between devices and in general an increased fluid speed correlated significantly with the increased counts of microbubbles/min. No alarming of the detector occurred. A more concentrated fluid allowed higher counts/min when flow was increased to 600 mL/min. Data revealed that air passes the safety-sensor in the air trap without alarming. The presence of air increased in general with fluid speed and a lower fluid level in the air trap. Differences were present between devices. If this affects the patients has to be elucidated.
Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials (1996)

The Second Edition of this groundbreaking work refines the art and science of quality of life assessment and pharmacoeconomics and redefines the role of these evaluation parameters in clinical trials and health care decision-making. Dr. Spilker has assembled more than 200 experts from diverse clinical, research, and social science disciplines to provide a comprehensive reference on the methodology, interpretation, and use of quality of life and pharmacoeconomic studies. Expanded to four times its predecessor's size and scope, the Second Edition features: all-new sections on pharmacoeconomics and crucial health policy issues such as outcomes research a new, extensive section on cross-cultural and cross-national issues in quality of life assessment detailed information on specific tests and measures of quality of life comprehensive guidelines on choosing and administering tests and analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data many chapters on new topics such as phenomenology, assessment of spiritual status, and alternative/complementary medical treatments
A Novel Developmental System for the Study of Evolutionary Design. (2006)

A novel developmental system designed to facilitate the study of generative encoding-based evolutionary design is pre-sented. An aim of this work is to explore the simplest sys-tem and genetic encoding capable of exhibiting phenomena akin to size regulation and self-repair in developmental biol-ogy. Here we show that in the absence of complicated de-velopmental mechanisms- such as ligand-receptor mediated cell signaling, asymmetric or mitotic spindle-based cell divi-sion, cell motility, or cellular forces- a simple rule-like GRN encoding and a simple internal/external chemical exchange mechanism confer the ability to generate patterns that are size regulated, and able to self-repair when damaged. In addition, we analyze the mechanisms that achieve size regulation and self-repair.
An Analysis of Game Storytelling Structure Focused on the Characters in RPG (2005)

The interaction property of digital media have changed traditional storytelling into a new concept, digital-storytelling, which has been widely accepted. Nowadays open-ended game storytelling, which different from story design of movie or animation, is chosen for the development of RPG. It can make infinite stories according to player character's decision. In this paper, we propose a game storytelling structure focused on the characters for RPG, and analyze how characters designed with various story-values interact with background stories and events in the cyber game world through case studies. This research is necessary to design predictable game mechanics and provide methods to control game play in case of special-purpose game.
Inward and outward curve evolution using level set method (2003)

Iterative curve evolution techniques are powerful methods for image segmentation. Classical methods proposed curve evolutions which guarantee close contours at convergence and, combined with the level set method, they easily handled curve topology changes. However, these methods allow only one-way curve evolutions: shrinking or growing of the curve. Thus, the initial curve must encircle all the objects to be segmented or several curves must be used, each one totally inside one object. In this paper, we present a new approach of iterative curve evolution using the level set method based on the variational criterion of an inverse problem. Besides the closing of the final contours and the curve topology change management, our method allows a two-way curve evolution: parts of the curve evolve in the outward direction while others evolve in the inward direction. It offers much more freedom in the initial curve position than with a classical geodesic search method. Our algorithm performs accurate and precise segmentations, with length penalty. Results are shown on damaged images with complex objects (including sharp angles, deep concavities or holes).
Primary school principals' strategic approaches to teacher class placement (2013)

The role of a school principal is multi-faceted and requires a range of skills to ensure schools are operating efficiently and effectively for the ultimate goal of student learning. One of the most important aspects of school organisation that school principals are required to manage is the placement of teachers in class levels each year. This placement involves planning and process which not only ensure teachers are placed appropriately but also provides opportunities for teacher growth and development. Principals can influence teacher growth by creating opportunities for professional learning such as placing teachers in different classes. This article reports on the findings from a study that focussed on how eight primary school principals managed this aspect of school organisation in their respective schools. The study aimed at gaining a greater understanding of the ways the principals managed this process to make the best decisions for teachers and students alike. The study revealed how the principals identified that a strategic approach was required and followed clear processes when organising the placement of teachers in class levels, to ensure positive relationships were maintained. They engaged in a process that included observations and ongoing discussions, and demonstrated a high level of insight into understanding their role within this process of change.