gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Friedel-Crafts Isomerization. V.<sup>1a</sup> Aluminum Chloride-Catalyzed Isomerization of Terphenyls (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFriedel-Crafts Isomerization. V.1a Aluminum Chloride-Catalyzed Isomerization of TerphenylsGeorge A. Olah and Max W. MeyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3682–3683Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a505https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A genetic algorithm with a variable-length genotype and embryogeny for microstructured optical fibre design (2006)

Microstructured optical fibres are a relatively recent advance in fibre technology which guide light by using arrays of air holes which run the length of the fibre. The internal microstructure of optical fibres can be altered to reshape and transform light for use in medical applications, sensing, long distance and local area network high bandwidth communications. Recent progress in the production of polymer fibres allows designs with complex microstructures consisting of hundreds of holes to be manufactured. In this paper we present a generative (embryogenic) representation which can produce symmetric fibre designs with a variable number of holes. The resulting genetic algorithm has the ability to search designs of varying complexity over time, allowing less or more complex designs to be evolved as required. Various aspects of this representation are discussed in light of the supporting genetic algorithm such as as recombination of designs and the conversion of the variable length binary genotype to the phenotype (optical fibre structure). We include some single objective design results for a high-bandwidth optical fibre along with manufactured designs.
Infrared Dichroism Studies of the Relaxation of Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers and Their Salts (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Dichroism Studies of the Relaxation of Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers and Their SaltsY. Uemura, R. S. Stein, and W.J. MacKnightCite this: Macromolecules 1971, 4, 4, 490–494Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60022a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60022a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors (2008)

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a global problem worldwide due to the lack of an effective therapy (the current standard of care treatment is effective in about 40-50% of the cases), and the difficulties in developing a protective vaccine. Chronic infection progresses to end-stage liver disease and liver failure in a considerable number of infected individuals. Once liver function is compromised, the only reliable therapeutic intervention is liver transplantation. Unfortunately, re-infection of the graft is unavoidable, and a new chronic hepatitis is early established in transplant recipients, that can result in graft loss. Thus, there is an urgent need for new, specifically targeted therapies for the treatment of HCV chronic infection. Among the viral proteins, the NS3/4A protease and the NS5b RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, essential for the virus life cycle, have concentrated the efforts in the development of new antivirals, and some promising ones have already entered clinical trials. In particular, inhibitors of the HCV NS3/4A protease are the most advanced in clinical development. This review summarizes the available data for the most important HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors in development, the most recent patents of these type of compounds, the envisioned options for future HCV therapies, and the eventual impact of HCV genetic variability on resistance to new NS3/4A protease inhibitors.
1A2-B01 A Micro Ultrasonic Motor using Sector-shaped Piezoelectric Vibrators and a Low-profile Preload Mechanism (2007)

A micro ultrasonic motor using two sector shaped piezoelectric ceramics vibrators has been designed and fabricated. The vibrators generate elliptical motion by the 1^<st> longitudinal mode and the 2^<nd> flexural bending mode vibrations. The preload between the tip of the vibrator and a rotor is given by a horizontal elastic mechanism. This micro motor has a low-profile, lightweight and compact structure. The outer diameter and the thickness of the vibrator were 10 mm and 0.6mm. The fabricated vibrator was oscillated in the frequency of 340 kHz. The stationary rotation speed was 1200 rpm and the starting torque was 0.1 mNm when the applied voltage was 20V_<p-p>.
A filamentation-free insulated-gate controlled thyristor and comparisons to the IGBT (2002)

An insulated-gate controlled thyristor is presented which has a saturating on-state current characteristic and a stable homogeneous current distribution during turn-on and turn-off. The design of the device and a proposed fabrication-process is discussed. The new device has the robust qualities of the IGBT (current saturation, homogeneous current distribution, insulated gate control), and the four-layer thyristor structure allows for a strong reduction in losses compared to the IGBT. A comparison by simulation for high-voltage devices shows that the losses can be reduced by a factor of 2-3 at 3 kV switching and by a factor of 4 at 6 kV switching, as compared to an optimized planar IGBT structure. We also show simulations comparing the stability of these devices against dynamic avalanche-induced current filamentation instabilities.
Dependence of resistance drift on the amorphous cap size in phase change memory arrays (2009)

Multilevel programming in phase change memories (PCMs) requires understanding of the phenomena which affect the stability of the programmed resistance levels. Although the Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST alloy) crystallization process has been extensively studied, further analysis is needed to characterize the drift of low-field amorphous-GST resistance. In this paper, we carry out a statistical analysis on an array of PCM cells so as to investigate the drift dynamics of intermediate GST resistance states. Our experimental results reveal the dependence of the drift dynamics exponent on the thickness of the amorphous cap inside the GST layer, which is ascribed to the different stresses.
The Role of the Sexual Constellation (1971)

This paper contains in its first part an attempt at showing that certain important results of Alfred C. Kinsey's investigations can throw new light upon the problem of equality for woman and upon the relations of woman to war. The second part tries to demonstrate that the suppression of woman is not an expression of a striving for power in the man, but is his attempt at solving a difficult special sexual problem, the problem that he in the lasting sexual relation in the last half of life, is the sexually weaker. The third part points to the fact that woman is involved in the mechanism leading to war and that she therefore has responsibility in connection with war. It is explained why it is so important that woman learn to see the difference between the men's society and the secret male society. 1
Double-stranded RNA binding protein, Staufen, is required for the initiation of RNAi in coleopteran insects (2018)

RNA interference (RNAi) is being used to develop methods to control pests and disease vectors. RNAi is robust and systemic in coleopteran insects but is quite variable in other insects. The determinants of efficient RNAi in coleopterans, as well as its potential mechanisms of resistance, are not known. RNAi screen identified a double-stranded RNA binding protein (StaufenC) as a major player in RNAi. StaufenC homologs have been identified in only coleopteran insects. Experiments in two coleopteran insects, <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i> and <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, showed the requirement of StaufenC for RNAi, especially for processing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to small interfering RNA. RNAi-resistant cells were selected by exposing <i>L. decemlineata</i>, Lepd-SL1 cells to the inhibitor of apoptosis 1 dsRNA for multiple generations. The resistant cells showed lower levels of StaufenC expression compared with its expression in susceptible cells. These studies showed that coleopteran-specific StaufenC is required for RNAi and is a potential target for RNAi resistance. The data included in this article will help improve RNAi in noncoleopteran insects and manage RNAi resistance in coleopteran insects.
Heat exchange following atropine injection before and after heat acclimation (1984)

The effect of saline and atropine injection (2 mg, im) on eight healthy male subjects before and after heat acclimation was studied while each subject walked on a treadmill (1.34 m X s-1) in a hot-dry environment (ambient temperature = 48.4 degrees C, dew-point temperature = 20.5 degrees C). Partitional calorimetric analysis was done for the periods in which maximum sweat inhibition occurred (30 min). Mean skin temperature, rectal temperature, and heart rate were continuously observed. Evaporative loss from the skin was calculated by changes in body weight (Sauter balance); heat transfer coefficients were defined by Nishi equations. A prediction of sweat inhibition based on an analysis of heat storage and its effect on a theoretical temperature, which can be graphed on a psychrometric chart, was developed. A rational effective temperature (ET) defined as the operative temperature at the intersection of the 50% rh, which encompasses total heat exchange, was used to compare the effects of atropine before and after heat acclimation. The results show that heat acclimation reduced ET by approximately 2.5 degrees C when compared with the unacclimated state after atropine injection. Thus heat acclimation reduces the hazards of heatstroke caused by exercise in the heat with atropine injection.
Phase Transfer Catalytic Preparation of the Dipolar Aprotic Solvents DMI and DMPU (1988)

Abstract The title compounds are prepared by methylation of the respective cyclic ureas using Me2SO4/catalyst/powdered NaOH (for DMI) or K2CO3 (for DMPU). Improved procedures are communicated for the preparation of 2-imidazolidine and trimethylene urea.
Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Micro-EDM Channel (2016)

Micro-EDM is one of the recent fine-machining technologies. Micro-EDM is widely used in precision processes because products manufactured via EDM are free from workpiece hardness. However, the debris produced during the process cause many problems such as reduced precision of the process. The first solution of this problem involves using the milling hole process. Micro-EDM hole process involves an electrode moving rapidly in the vertical direction via a servo system to disperse debris. However, this process can cause reduced work efficiency owing to contact between the electrode and workpiece. In this study, ultrasonic vibration is added to micro-EDM channel machining. Ultrasonic vibration removes the debris during machining and enables precision machining. Consequently, a clean work environment for the subsequent processes is maintained.
Copolymerization of <i>n</i>-Butyl Acrylate with Methyl Methacrylate and PMMA Macromonomers:  Comparison of Reactivity Ratios in Conventional and Atom Transfer Radical Copolymerization (1999)

The reactivity ratios of n-butyl acrylate (nBuA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ω-methacryloyl-PMMA macromonomers (MM) in conventional and atom transfer radical copolymerization (ATRP) have been determined. For the copolymerization of nBuA with MMA, good agreement of the ratios is observed between conventional and controlled radical copolymerization, indicating that chemoselectivities in both processes are similar. The relative reactivity of the MM (1/rnBuA) in conventional copolymerization is significantly lower than that of MMA. It depends on the concentration of the comonomers but is not significantly influenced by the length of the MM. At high concentrations the relative reactivity decreases due to diffusion control of the MM addition. In ATRP the relative reactivity of the MM is much nearer to the value of MMA. This is explained by the different time scales of monomer addition in both processes: whereas the frequency for monomer addition is in the range of milliseconds for conventional polymerizations, it is in the range of seconds in ATRP; thus, diffusion control is less important here. This gives the opportunity to copolymerize at much higher concentrations than in conventional radical copolymerization. In addition, the graft copolymers obtained by ATRP have lower polydispersities.
ERP II (2006)

An ERP upgrade is deceptively complex and can be daunting---especially for organizations ignorant of the massive effort required to do it correctly.
Enzyme release and mitochondrial activity in reoxygenated cardiac muscle: relationship with oxygen-induced lipid peroxidation. (1989)

The aim of this work was to precisely determine the sites of the peroxidative action on unsatured lipids by oxygen-derived free radicals and the lytic cell damage on reoxygenated perfused hearts. The cellular load of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) during the reoxygenation was dependent on PO2. This unfavorable biochemical response was linked to creatine kinase leakage, alteration of coronary flow and mitochondrial injury. When an enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, 290 IU/minute) or tripeptide scavenger of oxygen radicals (reduced glutathione, 0.5 mmol/l) was administered at the end of hypoxia and during reoxygenation, the abnormal intolerance of hypoxic heart to molecular oxygen was significantly weakened; the load of lipid peroxides load, enzyme release, and vascular alteration were all reduced. Moreover, mitochondrial activity was enhanced and the oxygen-induced uncoupling of mitochondrial remained limited: both the respiratory control ratio (RCR) and the ADP/O ratio were higher than in control reoxygenated hearts. The inhibition by rotenone (100 mumol/l) of reoxidation of electron chain transfer during oxygen readmission also reduced the unfavorable cardiac accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the release of creatine kinase. These data demonstrate that in the oxygen paradox, the peroxidative attack on lipids plays an important role in inducing alterations of sarcolemmal permeability and mitochondrial activity. An uncontrolled reactivation of oxidative function of mitochondria during reoxygenation enhances the synthesis of oxygen-derived free radicals and triggers the peroxidation of cardiac lipids resulting in irreversible injury to cellular and intracellular membranes.
The iPhone Pocket Guide (2007)

The iPhone Pocket Guide shows you how to: Set up and quickly start using your phone/iPod/Internet device. Make and receive calls and send text messages with your phone. Sync calendar and contacts between the iPhone and your Mac or Windows PC. Send email using AT&T's wireless network or a Wi-Fi connection. Listen to songs and watch movies and TV shows (and YouTube!). Surf the Web using the built-in Safari browser. View photos and take pictures with the built-in camera. Get instant info using the built-in Stocks, Maps, Weather, and Clock applications. Run the numbers with Calculator and jot quick reminders with Notes. Fix common problems and learn what to do if you can't fi x them yourself.
Inhibitory effect of curcuminoids and tetrahydrocurcuminoids on equine activated neutrophils and myeloperoxidase activity (2008)

In the horse, the inflammation response to various pathologies (intestinal strangulations, laminitis, etc.) involves an excessive stimulation of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The aim of the present work was to study the effect of natural polyphenols, curcuminoids and tetrahydrocurcuminoids (THC) on isolated stimulated equine neutrophils and on the activity of purified MPO. The ROS production and the release of MPO by activated neutrophils were measured by chemiluminescence and ELISA techniques, respectively. The activity of purified MPO was measured by studying its nitration, chlorination or oxidation capacity and by using an original method called SIEFED allowing the study of drug interaction with the enzyme without interferences of the medium. Curcuminoids and THC had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on ROS production and MPO release by activated neutrophils and on purified MPO activity. We suggest that the higher efficacy of curcuminoids versus THC could be explained, at least partially, by its chemical structure: the conjugated double bounds and the plane structure of curcuminoids made easier the neutralization of the radical species generated by activated neutrophils and the interaction of the drug with the active site of MPO. These inhibitory effects of curcuminoids on the oxidant activity of equine neutrophils and on MPO activity open therapeutic perspectives in equine pathologies with excessive inflammatory reactions.
Simplex optimization of multielement ultrasonic extraction of atmospheric particulates (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimplex optimization of multielement ultrasonic extraction of atmospheric particulatesSharon L. Harper, Joseph F. Walling, David M. Holland, and Louis J. PrangerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 9, 1553–1557Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00260a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00260a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel human IgG2b/murine chimeric antitenascin monoclonal antibody construct radiolabeled with 131I and administered into the surgically created resection cavity of patients with malignant glioma: phase I trial results. (2006)

The MTD of (131)I-ch81C6 is 2.96 GBq (80 mCi) because of dose-limiting hematologic toxicity. Although encouraging survival was observed, (131)I-ch81C6 was associated with greater hematologic toxicity, probably due to the enhanced stability of the IgG2 construct, than previously observed with (131)I-murine 81C6.
Supporting the design and fabrication of physical visualizations (2014)

Physical visualizations come in increasingly diverse forms, and are used in domains including art and entertainment, business analytics, and scientific research. However, creating physical visualizations requires laborious craftsmanship and demands expertise in both data visualization and digital fabrication. We present three case studies that illustrate limitations of current visualization fabrication workflows. We then present MakerVis, a prototype tool that integrates the entire process of creating physical visualizations, from data filtering to physical fabrication. Design sessions with three end users demonstrate how tools such as MakerVis can dramatically lower the barriers to producing physical visualizations. Observations and interviews from these sessions highlighted future research areas, including customization support, using material properties to represent data variables, and allowing the reuse of physical data objects in new visualizations.
Deep‐tank culture of blue‐green algae in H<sub>2</sub>O and D<sub>2</sub>O (1971)

Abstract A 160‐liter stainless steel algal growth tank has been constructed and has been used essentially continuously for over three years. Filamentous and unicellular blue‐green algae as well as a photosynthetic bacterium have been cultured using both ordinary and heavy water (99.8 atom % 2 H). By using a recycling technique, yields as high as 25 g/liter of 2 H 2 O have been obtained.
Optimal Virtual Machine Placement in Large-Scale Cloud Systems (2014)

In this work, we focus on the problem of virtual machines (VMs) placement in geographically distributed data centers. We consider communicating VMs assigned to data centers that are connected over an IP-over-WDM network. We aim to plan and optimize the placement of VMs in data centers so as to minimize the IP-traffic within the backbone network. Thus, we propose first, a formulation which can be considered as a variant of the Hub Location problem modeling and we show its extreme difficulty for medium and large size instances. In order to overcome this difficulty, we reformulate the problem by multi-commodity flow, adopt variable aggregating methods and add valid inequalities to strengthen this new formulation. The different experiments that we present show the effectiveness of our last model in terms of running time and computational resources.