gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Mechanism of the Hofmann Elimination Reaction: An Ylide Intermediate in the Pyrolysis of a Highly Branched Quaternary Hydroxide</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the Hofmann Elimination Reaction: An Ylide Intermediate in the Pyrolysis of a Highly Branched Quaternary HydroxideArthur C. Cope and Anil S. MehtaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 13, 1949–1952Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00896a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00896a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views857Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxidation of H<sub>2</sub>S to S by air with Fe(III)–NTA as a catalyst: catalyst degradation (1993)

The oxidation of H 2 S to S by air is represented by the overall reaction:[Formula: see text]The process is used with a catalyst for the removal of H 2 S from natural gas. A typical catalyst would be an iron(III) chelate system such as iron(III)–nitrilotriacetate (NTA is a tribasic acid, H 3 L, and NTA 3− represents the trinegative anion). The catalyst reactions are[Formula: see text]The main difficulty with the process is the degradation of the metal chelate catalyst. Thus the Fe(II,III)–NTA system degrades through the formation of a number of weaker chelating agents and eventually to carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia. The degradation products identified are iminodiacetic acid (IDA), glycine, and oxalate. All of these degradation products were measured quantitatively by HPLC, and a degradation scheme is presented for the catalytic process. The fact that thiosulfate greatly decreases the degradation rate, and the fact that the degradation products were observed only in the stoichiometric reactions in which the ferrous NTA was oxidized by air, led to the interpretation that the hydroxyl radical or the superoxide radical ion is the reactive species that attacks the NTA and the intermediate degradation products and is responsible for the degradation of the organic ligands present.
Prostaglandin Synthesis and Release by Subpopulations of Rat Interstitial Macrophages (1988)

Recent data indicate that interstitial macrophages are not functionally homogeneous, but are heterogeneous with several subpopulations that differ both morphologically and functionally. Furthermore, interstitial macrophages are believed to be precursor to alveolar macrophages, which have recently been shown to be heterogeneous in their ability to synthesize and release prostaglandins. Considering the apparent importance of prostaglandin synthesis and release in inflammatory and immune responses, the current study was undertaken to determine if interstitial macrophage subpopulations differ in their ability to synthesize and release prostaglandin (PG) E, PGI2, and thromboxane (Tx) A2 after stimulation by calcium ionophore A23187, zymosan, or aggregated IgG. Interstitial macrophages were harvested and separated into 18 density-defined fractions. Density-defined interstitial macrophages (DD-IM) showed marked heterogeneity in prostaglandin synthesis and release. Maximal PGE synthesis and release was seen as a single broad peak after calcium ionophore A23187 and zymosan stimulation. In contrast, no peak in PGE synthesis was seen after aggregated IgG stimulation. PGI2 synthesis also was seen as a single broad peak generated by the lower density interstitial macrophage subpopulations after all stimuli. Similarly, TxA2 synthesis and release was maximal from a broad range of various DD-IM after calcium ionophore A23187, zymosan, and aggregated IgG stimulation. Furthermore, the synthesis and release of TxA2 correlated with the presence of zymosan and IgG receptors on DD-IM. The results demonstrate that DD-IM are heterogeneous in ability to synthesize and release prostaglandins, which are dependent on the stimuli.
Control signal sharing of asynchronous circuits using datapath delay information (2003)

Due to state explosion problem in synthesis, most of asynchronous CAD tools based on graph models cannot handle large specifications. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we propose two control signal sharing methods by using the delay information of datapath circuits. The reductions of signals by sharing reduce the number of states significantly and result in area optimal circuits. They are carried out at control flow graph (CFG) descriptions in terms of node sharing. Experimental results are encouraging in that a number of control signals are shared.
Conditional <scp>DC</scp> depletion does not affect priming of encephalitogenic <scp>T</scp>h cells in <scp>EAE</scp> (2012)

EAE, an animal model for multiple sclerosis, is a Th17- and Th1-cell-mediated auto-immune disease, but the mechanisms leading to priming of encephalitogenic T cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation are poorly understood. To investigate the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the initiation of autoimmune Th17- and Th1-cell responses and EAE, we used mice transgenic for a simian diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) expressed under the control of the murine CD11c promoter (CD11c-DTR mice o nC57BL/6 background).EAE was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) protein in CFA. DCs were depleted on the day before and 8 days after MOG immunization. The mean clinical EAE score was only mildly reduced in DC-depleted mice when DCs were ablated before EAE induction. The frequency of activated Th cells was not altered, and MOG-induced Th17 or Th1-cell responses were not altered, in the spleens of DC-depleted mice. Similar results were obtained if DCs were ablated the first 10 days after MOG immunization with repeated DC depletions. Unexpectedly, transient depletion of DCs did not affect priming or differentiation of MOG-induced Th17 and Th1-cell responses or the incidence of EAE. Thus, the mechanism of priming of Th cells in EAE remains to be elucidated.
Subsatellite measurements of plasmas and solar particles (1972)

The experiment with the small scientific subsatellite which was launched into lunar orbit from Apollo 15 is described. The subsatellite was designed to measure plasma and energetic-particle fluxes, vector magnetic fields, and velocity of the subsatellite for determining lunar gravitational anomalies. The theory of particle-shadow formation by the moon solar wind electrons, and energetic-electron fluxes in interplanetary space are discussed along with an analysis of the initial data.
QoE assessment in haptic media, sound and video transmission: Influences of network latency (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the influences of the difference in network latency among haptic media, sound and video on the quality of experience (QoE) for a haptic media, sound and video transfer system. In the case where network delay jitter exists, we subjectively assess the operability of haptic interface device, sound output quality, video output quality, inter-stream synchronization quality, and comprehensive quality as QoE. We also evaluate the application-level quality of service (QoS), and we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate QoE parameters from QoS parameters with high accuracy.
Studies on quinones. VIII. The application of michael adducts from 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinones for the preparation of dihydronaphthopyrandiones (1982)

Abstract Dihydronaphthopyran‐5,10‐diones 7,13, 16 and their corresponding dihydronaphthopyran‐5,6‐diones 8, 14,17 have been obtained starting from Michael adducts of 2‐hydroxy‐ and 2‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐naph‐thoquinone ( 1, 9 ). An efficient synthesis of hydroxyhydrolapachol ( 4 ) employing 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(3‐oxobutyl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinone ( 5 ) is described.
European Origin of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Populations Infecting Lupins and Serradella in Soils of Western Australia and South Africa (2005)

We applied a multilocus phylogenetic approach to elucidate the origin of serradella and lupin Bradyrhizobium strains that persist in soils of Western Australia and South Africa. The selected strains belonged to different randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR clusters that were distinct from RAPD clusters of applied inoculant strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with nodulation genes (nodA, nodZ, nolL, noeI), housekeeping genes (dnaK, recA, glnII, atpD), and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer sequences. Housekeeping gene phylogenies revealed that all serradella and Lupinus cosentinii isolates from Western Australia and three of five South African narrow-leaf lupin strains were intermingled with the strains of Bradyrhizobium canariense, forming a well supported branch on each of the trees. All nodA gene sequences of the lupin and serradella bradyrhizobia formed a single branch, referred to as clade II, together with the sequences of other lupin and serradella strains. Similar patterns were detected in nodZ and nolL trees. In contrast, nodA sequences of the strains isolated from native Australian legumes formed either a new branch called clade IV or belonged to clade I or III, whereas their nonsymbiotic genes grouped outside the B. canariense branch. These data suggest that the lupin and serradella strains, including the strains from uncultivated L. cosentinii plants, are descendants of strains that most likely were brought from Europe accidentally with lupin and serradella seeds. The observed dominance of B. canariense strains may be related to this species' adaptation to acid soils common in Western Australia and South Africa and, presumably, to their intrinsic ability to compete for nodulation of lupins and serradella.
Interleukin 17F expression and effect in human corneal epithelial cells (2008)

Interleukin (IL)-17F, a relatively less studied cytokine traditionally known to be produced by leukocytes, is involved in neutrophil recruitment during inflammation. Previous unpublished data suggest that IL-17F is expressed in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) and differentially regulated in transglutaminase(TGM)-2 over-expressing cells. This study aimed to confirm the expression of IL-17F in HCE-T cells, investigate the expression of different regions of IL-17F with respect to different TGM-2 expression status and investigate the effects of IL-17F on HCE-T cells. The expression of IL-17F was confirmed with Western blot and immunofluorescent staining, a novel finding in an epithelial cell type. Reverse transcription PCR, using specific primers to IL-17F, was performed and PCR products were sequenced to confirm their identity. PCR was also used to confirm over-expression and silencing of TGM-2. The results suggest that two types of IL-17F transcripts from different exons exist and their relative abundance can be regulated by TGM-2. Exogenous IL-17F treatment did not affect HCE-T cell proliferation rate and morphology. MMP9 expression was increased and MCP1 levels were decreased after IL-17F treatment, without alteration of TIMP-1 or TGFβ1 transcripts.
Microarray Analysis of Colorectal Cancer (2003)

The microarray analysis of tumors that originate in solid organs, such as the lung, bowel, breast, ovary, and pancreas, offers special challenges and opportunities. The challenges lie in the complexity and heterogeneity of the normal and abnormal tissues of which these tumors are composed. The opportunities derive from the generally poor response to therapy displayed by these lesions and the early evidence that global expression analysis may provide the substrate for a new predictive taxonomy of cancer. Colorectal cancer has been extensively profiled at the DNA, histopathological, and clinical levels, and several groups have now added results from arrayed-based surveys of gene expression. Even so, it is not yet possible to offer a comprehensive correlation of these disparate sources of information. Doing so will be the work of the next generation of microarray science and bioinformatics.
Kinematic decoupling in mechanisms and application to a passive hand controller design (1993)

Abstract Observations regarding the kinematics of mechanisms are applied to the synthesis of a passive hand controller. It is argued that stiffness (and damping) properties are central to the effectiveness of such devices and in particular that the simplicity of these properties is crucial. What simple means is analyzed and it is shown that only certain types of manipulators can appropriately be used. In effect, decoupling is shown to be architecture and configuration dependent. The properties of parallel mechanisms are reviewed and found appropriate for restricted‐workspace hand controllers. A particular kinematic design is then derived and a practical implementation described.
Image data compression using cubic convolution spline interpolation (2000)

A new cubic convolution spline interpolation (CCSI )for both one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) signals is developed in order to subsample signal and image compression data. The CCSI yields a very accurate algorithm for smoothing. It is also shown that this new and fast smoothing filter for CCSI can be used with the JPEG standard to design an improved JPEG encoder-decoder for a high compression ratio.
Improved Preparation and Preservation of Human Keratoplasty Lenticules (2003)

This procedure allows the preparation of lenticules with viable keratocytes that can be preserved in the cold for at least 1 week.
HPV16 L1 and L2 DNA methylation predicts high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with mildly abnormal cervical cytology (2013)

DNA methylation changes in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA are common and might be important for identifying women at increased risk of cervical cancer. Using recently published data from Costa Rica we developed a classification score to differentiate women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2/3) from those with no evident high-grade lesions. Here, we aim to investigate the performance of the score using data from the UK. Exfoliated cervical cells at baseline and 6-months follow-up were analyzed in 84 women selected from a randomized clinical trial of women undergoing surveillance for low-grade cytology. Selection of women for the methylation study was based on detectable HPV16 in the baseline sample. Purified DNA was bisulfite converted, amplified and pyrosequenced at selected CpG sites in the viral genome (URR, E6, L1 and L2), with blinding of laboratory personnel to the clinical data. The primary measure was a predefined score combining the mean methylation in L1 and any methylation in L2. At the second follow-up visit, 73/84 (87%) women were HPV16 positive and of these 25 had a histopathological diagnosis of CIN2/3. The score was significantly associated with CIN2/3 (area under curve = 0.74, p = 0.002). For a cutoff with 92% sensitivity, colposcopy could have been avoided in 40% (95% CI 27-54%) of HPV16 positive women without CIN2/3; positive predictive value was 44% (32-58%) and negative predictive value was 90% (71-97%). We conclude that quantitative DNA methylation assays could help to improve triage among HPV16 positive women.
An in vitro model of proliferation and differentiation of the chick retina: coaggregates of retinal and pigment epithelial cells (1986)

Pigment epithelial (PE) cells exert a pronounced organizing effect when added to embryonic day (E) 5-6 chick retinal cells in a reaggregation system such that after a period of 14-21 d of culture, the main layers of an intact E10-E14 retina are reconstructed (Vollmer et al., 1984). In the present study we investigated the time course of the formation of retina-like structures in retinal-pigment epithelial aggregates, in particular, the fate of the PE cells and their influence on processes of differentiation within the aggregates. PE cells first form a core in the center of the aggregates and migrate to the periphery at later stages. The PE core affects the organization of proliferation and differentiation, phenomena that were monitored using 3H-thymidine autoradiography and AChE histochemistry, respectively. A double-staining procedure combining both techniques on the same section is described. Soon after aggregation, a matrix zone and a zone of differentiated cells are formed. At later steps, proliferation becomes gradually restricted to a narrow band within the aggregates comparable to the in vivo situation. The spatiotemporal pattern of withdrawal from mitosis resembles that of the in vivo retina. Proliferation in aggregates is sustained over a longer period with PE, as compared with aggregates formed by retinal cells alone. AChE staining in aggregates in the presence of PE shows a layered appearance, while there is only crude sorting-out of labeled and unlabeled cells in aggregates composed of retinal cells only. The basis of PE cell action as well as the relevance of this in vitro system for understanding normal eye development are briefly discussed.
A three-layered architecture for real time path planning and obstacle avoidance for surveillance USVs operating in harbour fields (2009)

The use of unmanned vehicles in the field of underwater and marine applications is increasing significantly in recent years. Autonomous vehicles (like AUVs and gliders) or teleoperated ones (like ROVs) are currently employed for executing a number of different underwater tasks, like inspecting submerged pipes, executing maintenance interventions on underwater gas- or oil-platforms, collecting environmental or oceanographic data, performing surveys on sites of archeological interest. In parallel with the development of underwater vehicles, unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), are they also witnessing an increasing interest from the robotic community, especially with the goal of performing surveillance applications, like patrolling and maintaining safeguarded against intruders harbours or other ldquocrucialrdquo sites. The potential benefits offered by automated vessels equipped with sensors such as cameras or sonars are quite evident, since they could be used to quickly identify the level of menace of unknown radar track without exposing any human operators to possible threats. However USVs, unlike in the underwater case, have to face the problem of avoiding other vessels which in most cases are manned ones. This is a crucial point especially in that kind of application, where the automated vessel has to move quickly towards a possible menace while at the same time avoiding all the other boats normally operating in the harbour area. Unfortunately, at the current state of art, a reliable methodology to avoid the other vessels and the availability of effective and accurate obstacle detection sensors is still missing. This paper focus its attention on the case of USV used for security applications within a harbour, devising a solution that can be real-time implemented for the obstacle avoidance problem under critical situations where the vehicle as to reach its target as fast as possible while guaranteeing the safety of the other vessels. The presented solution is based on a three layered hierarchical architecture: the first layer computes a global path taking into account static obstacles known a priori, the second layer modifies this path in a locally optimal way (under certain assumptions) exploiting kinematic data of the moving obstacles, while the last layer reactively avoids obstacles for which such data is not available. The paper was therefore organized as follows: in the first section an introduction and state of art are presented, in the successive section the work discussed the first layer and the methods for the static obstacles avoidance, while in the third the paper focused on the moving obstacles and the proposed avoidance algorithm, while also presenting many different detailed simulation results regarding the performances achievable by the overall architecture. Finally a concluding section also indicate some still open problems and future work directions to be developed.
Steric Stabilization of a Cellulose Microcrystal Suspension by Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting (2000)

A sterically stabilized aqueous suspension of rodlike cellulose microcrystals was prepared by the combination of acid hydrolysis of native cellulose, oxidative carboxylation of microcrystals, and grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) having a terminal amino group on one end (PEG-NH2, MW = 1000) using water-soluble carbodiimide. Chemical binding of PEG to the microcrystals was confirmed by weight increase, diminishment of carboxyl groups, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy, resulting in consumption of 20−30% of the initially introduced carboxyl groups. The amount of bound PEG was 0.2−0.3 g/g of cellulose. The PEG-grafted cellulose microcrystals showed drastically enhanced dispersion stability, that is, resistance to addition of 2 M sodium chloride, and ability to redisperse into either water or chloroform from the freeze-dried state. The concentrated aqueous suspension of PEG-grafted microcrystals formed a chiral nematic mesophase through a phase separation similar to that of the ungrafted sample, but with a reduced spacing of the fingerprint pattern.
BendSketch (2017)

Sketch-based modeling provides a powerful paradigm for geometric modeling. Recent research had shown, sketch based modeling methods are most effective when targeting a specific family of surfaces. A large and growing arsenal of sketching tools is available for different types of geometries and different target user populations. Our work augments this arsenal with a new and powerful tool for modeling complex freeform shapes by sketching sparse 2D strokes; our method complements existing approaches in enabling the generation of surfaces with complex curvature patterns that are challenging to produce with existing methods. To model a desired surface patch with our technique, the user sketches the patch boundary as well as a small number of strokes representing the major bending directions of the shape. Our method uses this input to generate a curvature field that conforms to the user strokes and then uses this field to derive a freeform surface with the desired curvature pattern. To infer the surface from the strokes we first disambiguate the convex versus concave bending directions indicated by the strokes and estimate the surface bending magnitude along the strokes. We subsequently construct a curvature field based on these estimates, using a non-orthogonal 4-direction field coupled with a scalar magnitude field, and finally construct a surface whose curvature pattern reflects this field through an iterative sequence of simple linear optimizations. Our framework is well suited for single-view modeling, but also supports multi-view interaction, necessary to model complex shapes portions of which can be occluded in many views. It effectively combines multi-view inputs to obtain a coherent 3D shape. It runs at interactive speed allowing for immediate user feedback. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through a large collection of complex examples created by both artists and amateurs. Our framework provides a useful complement to the existing sketch-based modeling methods.