gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear grooves in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of breast lesions: Do they have any significance? (1998)

Nuclear grooving is a recognized morphologic feature frequently seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. This feature is also occasionally seen in other nonneoplastic and neoplastic conditions. Nuclear grooves have been described in tubular carcinoma of the breast. However, the significance of nuclear grooves in benign and malignant conditions of the breast has been rarely studied. In a retrospective study, we searched for the presence of nuclear grooves in Papanicolaou-stained and Diff-Quik-stained fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of 50 cases of primary breast carcinomas, 25 cases of proliferative breast disease, and 25 cases of fibroadenoma. In addition, 10 cases of metastatic breast carcinoma diagnosed by FNAB were reviewed. Nuclear grooves were identified in 39 of 50 (78%) of the histologically confirmed primary breast carcinomas and in 9 of 10 (90%) of the cases of metastatic breast carcinomas in the Papanicolaou-stained smears. Nineteen of 50 (38%) of the cases of proliferative breast disease/fibroadenoma showed nuclear grooves in the Papanicolaou-stained smears. The difference between the percentage of cases showing nuclear grooves seen in the Papanicolaou-stained primary breast carcinomas and metastatic breast carcinomas compared with the benign breast lesions was statistically significant (P < 0.001 in the primary breast carcinoma cases and P < 0.01 in the metastatic breast cancer cases). Nuclear grooves were identified less often in the Diff-Quik-stained smears, and their presence in malignant lesions versus cases diagnosed as benign breast disease was not statistically significant. This study suggests that although the presence of nuclear grooves is more frequently seen in malignant breast lesions, their presence cannot totally exclude the possibility of benign breast disease. The presence of nuclear grooves, however, may serve as a diagnostic clue in metastatic tumors of unknown primary.
Synthesis of New Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazines from Isonitrosoketones and Terephthalaldehydedihydrazone (2012)

This study describes a novel method for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazines. Firstly, isonitrosoacetophenone, p ‐methylisonitrosoacetophenone, and isonitroso‐1‐acetylnaphthalene were synthesized from the reaction of butylnitrite with acetophenone, p ‐methylisonitrosoacetophenone, and 1‐acetylnaphthalene, respectively. Then, symmetric derivatives of 1,2,4‐triazines were prepared from the condensation reaction of keto oximes with terephthalohydrazone. However, the heteroaromatic closure was not observed in the condensation reaction of pyruvic‐aldehyde‐1‐oxime(keto oxime) with terephthalohydrazone. Structures of the obtained products were confirmed by FTIR, 1 H‐NMR, and elemental analyses techniques.
MBP-8298, a synthetic peptide analog of myelin basic protein for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. (2007)

BioMS Medical Corp, under license from the University of Alberta, is developing MBP-8298, a synthetic peptide analog of myelin basic protein, for the potential treatment of multiple sclerosis. Phase II and III clinical trials of MBP-8298 are underway.
TfR1 binding with H-ferritin nanocarrier achieves prognostic diagnosis and enhances the therapeutic efficacy in clinical gastric cancer (2020)

H-ferritin (HFn) nanocarrier is emerging as a promising theranostic platform for tumor diagnosis and therapy, which can specifically target tumor cells via binding transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). This led us to investigate the therapeutic function of TfR1 in GC. The clinical significance of TfR1 was assessed in 178 GC tissues by using a magneto-HFn nanoparticle-based immunohistochemistry method. The therapeutic effects of doxorubicin-loaded HFn nanocarriers (HFn-Dox) were evaluated on TfR1-positive GC patient-derived xenograft (GC-PDX) models. The biological function of TfR1 was investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays. TfR1 was upregulated (73.03%) in GC tissues, and reversely correlated with patient outcome. TfR1-negative sorted cells exhibited tumor-initiating features, which enhanced tumor formation and migration/invasion, whereas TfR1-positive sorted cells showed significant proliferation ability. Knockout of TfR1 in GC cells also enhanced cell invasion. TfR1-deficient cells displayed immune escape by upregulating PD-L1, CXCL9, and CXCL10, when disposed with IFN-γ. Western blot results demonstrated that TfR1-knockout GC cells upregulated Akt and STAT3 signaling. Moreover, in TfR1-positive GC-PDX models, the HFn-Dox group significantly inhibited tumor growth, and increased mouse survival, compared with that of free-Dox group. TfR1 could be a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for GC: (i) TfR1 reversely correlated with patient outcome, and its negative cells possessed tumor-aggressive features; (ii) TfR1-positive cells can be killed by HFn drug nanocarrier. Given the heterogeneity of GC, HFn drug nanocarrier combined with other therapies toward TfR1-negative cells (such as small molecules or immunotherapy) will be a new option for GC treatment.
Remote Virtual Peripheral Framework: Enabling dynamically composed devices (2011)

As the number of mobile devices grow at a rapid pace, the heterogeneity in their sensing and user interaction capabilities is also increasing. Mobile devices are increasingly being equipped with sensors such as accelerometers, gyros and other gesture sensitive capabilities which propel user experiences beyond the usual keyboard-mouse-touch paradigm. A natural question is how can specific sensors of different devices inter-operate on-demand in a seamless fashion so that they can be composed together into a user interface providing a rich and natural user experience. For example, it should be possible to use the accelerometer in a mobile phone as an input device to control a video game running on a PC, or a high-definition camera attached to a television to act as the input video source for a video chat session running on a mobile phone. In this paper we present a system framework and architecture which enables the seamless interoperability and composition of sensing and user interaction capabilities of different devices into a unified user interface, in an application-agnostic manner.
Enhanced accumulation of ribavirin and its metabolites in liver versus erythrocytes in mice administered with the liver targeted drug. (1997)

These results support the possibility that conjugated ribavirin may produce the same pharmacological activity in liver as the free drug but with a reduced haemolysis.
A design planner including a fast predictive floorplanning tool (2002)

The design planner presented in this paper starts from a description of a circuit in terms of interconnected blocks which may be hard blocks (macrocells in a library, generated blocks like RAMs, PLAs) or soft blocks usually generated by synthesis tools. The design planner predicts the cost of a circuit in terms of area, yield and other issues (power, consumption, packaging), according to different technologies. A special attention is given to a fast accurate floorplanning prediction. Experiments on real circuits showed a good prediction accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrogel Templates for the Fabrication of Homogeneous Polymer Microparticles (2011)

Nano/microparticulate drug delivery systems with homogeneous size distribution and predefined shape are important in understanding the influence of the geometry and dimensions of these systems on blood circulation times and cellular uptake. We present a general method using water dissolvable hydrogel templates for the fabrication of homogeneous, shape-specific polymer/drug constructs in the size range of 200 nm to 50 μm. This hydrogel template strategy is mild, inexpensive, and readily scalable for the fabrication of multifunctional drug delivery vehicles.
Repair of Infarcted Myocardium by an Extract of Geum japonicum with Dual Effects on Angiogenesis and Myogenesis (2006)

The properties of this bioactive fraction appear to be entirely novel and represent a new approach for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Biological Basis for the Use of Botanicals in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review (2005)

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip is a debilitating disease affecting more women than men and the risk of developing OA increases precipitously with aging. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common form of inflammatory joint diseases, is a disease of unknown etiology and affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide, and unlike OA, generally involves many joints because of the systemic nature of the disease. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first drugs of choice for the symptomatic treatment of both OA and RA. Because of the risks associated with the use of NSAIDs and other limitations, the use of alternative therapies, such as acupuncture and medicinal herbs, is on the rise and according to reports approximately 60-90% of dissatisfied arthritis patients are likely to seek the option of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This paper reviews the efficacy of some of the common herbs that have a history of human use and their anti-inflammatory or antiarthritic properties have been evaluated in animal models of inflammatory arthritis, in studies employing well defined and widely accepted in vitro models that use human chondrocytes/cartilage explants or in clinical trials. Available data suggests that the extracts of most of these herbs or compounds derived from them may provide a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic approach for the treatment of OA and RA. This, in turn, argues for trials to establish efficacy and optimum dosage of these compounds for treating human inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases.
Fenretinide Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Fatty Liver in Obese Mice (2012)

Fenretinide (FEN), a ligand of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), has been suggested as a measure to reduce insulin resistance and its associated disorders such as obesity, and fatty liver by reducing serum RBP4. We investigated whether there is another possible mechanism by which fenretinide reduces insulin resistance and fatty liver in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. Male obese mice fed a high-fat diet (45% of calories from fat) were divided into two groups (n=13 each). One (FEN) received fenretinide (20 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and the other (O) received vehicle three times weekly for 24 d. C57BL/6J mice fed a normal-fat diet (16% of calories from fat) were used as a control (C; n=13). No changes in fat weight and serum leptin level could be observed in FEN mice. Lower plasma RBP4 was observed in FEN mice compared with O mice. Fenretinide improved whole-body insulin sensitivity based on glucose and insulin tolerance tests and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Fenretinide decreased the plasma lipid (triglyceride, cholesterol, and free-fatty acid) levels, hepatic TG level, and histological steatosis score. The mechanism by which fenretinide prevents fatty liver may be explained by an increased plasma adiponectin level, increased activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase, and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated protein-α and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase, which promote fat oxidation. FEN alleviated insulin resistance and fatty liver in obese mice and thus may act as an anti-lipidemic and anti-diabetic drug.
Computer model for harmonic ultrasound imaging (2000)

Harmonic ultrasound imaging has received great attention from ultrasound scanner manufacturers and researchers. Here, the authors present a computer model that can generate realistic harmonic images. In this model, the incident ultrasound is modeled after the "KZK" equation, and the echo signal is modeled using linear propagation theory because the echo signal is much weaker than the incident pulse. Both time domain and frequency domain numerical solutions to the "KZK" equation were studied. Realistic harmonic images of spherical lesion phantoms were generated for scans by a circular transducer. This model can be a very useful tool for studying the harmonic buildup and dissipation processes in a nonlinear medium, and it can be used to investigate a wide variety of topics related to B-mode harmonic imaging.
Synthesis and Microstructure of Highly Oriented Lead Titanate Thin Films Prepared by a Sol‐Gel Method (1989)

Thin films of PbTiO 3 were deposited on fused silica, resistor‐grade alumina, and single‐crystal (100) MgO by a sol–gel processing method. Whereas the films deposited on silica and alumina substrates were randomly oriented and polycrystalline, highly {100} oriented PbTiO 3 films were grown on the MgO single crystals. The perovskite‐type structure was observed with films deposited on the single‐crystal MgO and annealed at temperatures as low as 470°C, whereas a pyrochlore‐type strcuture was observed with films on fused silica and alumina processed in a similar manner. All films heat‐treated at temperatures in excess of 570°C showed significant formation of a second PbTi 3 O 7 phase. The films were characterized by electron microscopy and glancing‐incidence‐angle X‐ray diffraction.
Failure To Detect <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> in the Late-Onset Alzheimer's Brain (2000)

Epidemiological studies have yet to identify a single cause for the most common late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease. The common respiratory pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae recently has been implicated as a risk factor for this form of Alzheimer's disease. Were this true, there would be a dramatic shift in current paradigms of Alzheimer's disease research and treatment. In the absence of published confirmation, we obtained postmortem brain tissue from late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients (n = 15) and representative controls (n = 5) and extracted DNA from up to six separate brain regions in each instance, including those areas particularly relevant to Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Each sample of DNA (n = 101) was assayed five times or more for the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA using a nested-PCR protocol targeting a species-specific gene sequence coding for the major outer membrane protein of this organism. We were unable unequivocally to detect C. pneumoniae in any of the 101 samples tested by PCR and failed to culture the organism from tissue samples. We conclude that C. pneumoniae is neither strongly nor uniquely associated with the neuropathology seen in late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Preparation of Symmetrical Diaryl Sulfoxides from Arenes and Thionyl Chloride (1999)

The preparation of symmetrical diaryl sulfoxides from thionyl chloride and arenes catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is described. The reaction is characterized by its mildness, high yields, selectivity, and ease of workup.
Indium incorporation above 800 °C during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of InGaN (1999)

We have studied the indium incorporation into InGaN ternary alloys during low-pressure metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy as a function of the trimethylindium flow and the growth temperature in the 800–860 °C range. Partially relaxed InxGa1−xN bulk films with indium compositions 0.02≲x≲0.14 have been grown. In relation to the band-gap energy at room temperature, determined by photothermal deflection spectroscopy, we find a downward band-gap bowing of 2.65±0.15 eV. The required change of the trimethylindium flow as a function of the growth temperature, necessary to obtain isocomposition InGaN films, can be described by an Arrhenius law. We find an indium desorption energy of 0.8±0.3 eV.
Quercitrin-nanocoated titanium surfaces favour gingival cells against oral bacteria (2016)

Many dental implants fail due to the infection and inflammation that walk hand in hand with poor healing and soft tissue integration. Titanium surfaces were nanocoated with quercitrin, a natural flavonoid, with the aim to improve soft tissue integration and increase dental implants success. Streptococcus mutans attachment and biofilm formation was analysed. Then, the anti-inflammatory properties and the potential of quercitrin-nanocoated surfaces to boost soft tissue regeneration were tested using human gingival fibroblasts. An inflammatory situation was mimicked using interleulin-1-beta. We found that quercitrin-nanocoated surfaces decreased initial bacterial adhesion while increasing human gingival fibroblasts attachment. Furthermore, quercitrin-nanocoated Ti increased collagen mRNA levels and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinanse-1 mRNA ratio, which is related to a reduced metalloproteinase-mediated collagen degradation, while also decreasing the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 release under basal and inflammatory conditions. These results suggest that quercitrin-nanocoated surfaces could enhance the soft tissue integration and increase dental implants success.
PicASHOW: pictorial authority search by hyperlinks on the web. (2002)

We describe PicASHOW, a fully automated WWW image retrieval system that is based on several link-structure analyzing algorithms. Our basic premise is that a page # displays (or links to) an image when the author of # considers the image to be of value to the viewers of the page. Wethus extend some well known link-based WWW #### ######### schemes to the context of image retrieval. PicASHOW&apos;s analysis of the link structure enables it to retrieve relevant images even when those are stored in les with meaningless names. The same analysis also allows it to identify ##### ########## and ##### ####. We dene these as Web pages that are rich in relevant images, or from which many images are readily accessible. PicASHOW requires no image analysis whatsoever and no creation of taxonomies for pre-classication of the Web&apos;s images. It can be implemented by standard WWW search engines with reasonable overhead, in terms of both computations and storage, and with no change to user query formats. It can thus be used to easily add image retrieving capabilities to standard search engines. Our results demonstrate that PicASHOW, while relying almost exclusively on link analysis, compares well with dedicated WWW image retrieval systems. We conclude that link analysis, a bona-de eective technique for Web page search, can improve the performance of Web image retrieval, as well as extend its denition to include the retrieval of image hubs and containers. Keywords Image Retrieval; Link Structure Analysis; Hubs and Authorities; Image Hubs. 1.
The elephant in the room: Self-determination (2011)

The following article sheds some light on why the four governments that initially opposed the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, continue to have such appalling records regarding the socio-economic status of Indigenous peoples.
Isolation and Characterization of a New T-Even Bacteriophage, CEV1, and Determination of Its Potential To Reduce <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Levels in Sheep (2006)

Bacteriophage CEV1 was isolated from sheep resistant to Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization. In vitro, CEV1 efficiently infected E. coli O157:H7 grown both aerobically and anaerobically. In vivo, sheep receiving a single oral dose of CEV1 showed a 2-log-unit reduction in intestinal E. coli O157:H7 levels within 2 days compared to levels in the controls.
Outsourcing FrameNet to the Crowd (2013)

We present the first attempt to perform full FrameNet annotation with crowdsourcing techniques. We compare two approaches: the first one is the standard annotation methodology of lexical units and frame elements in two steps, while the second is a novel approach aimed at acquiring frames in a bottom-up fashion, starting from frame element annotation. We show that our methodology, relying on a single annotation step and on simplified role definitions, outperforms the standard one both in terms of accuracy and time. 1
Efficient full-wave electromagnetic analysis via model-order reduction of fast integral transforms (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Efficient full-wave electromagnetic analysis via model-order reduction of fast integral transforms Authors: Joel R. Phillips MIT Department of EECS, Cambridge, MA MIT Department of EECS, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Eli Chiprout IBM Research Laboratory for Advanced Microprocessor Design, Austin, TX and IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Research Laboratory for Advanced Microprocessor Design, Austin, TX and IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , David D. Ling IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '96: Proceedings of the 33rd annual Design Automation ConferenceJune 1996 Pages 377–382https://doi.org/10.1145/240518.240590Published:01 June 1996Publication History 39citation410DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations39Total Downloads410Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Deep Learning (2016)

Deep learning is a branch of machine learning that tries to model high-level abstractions of data using multiple layers of neurons consisting of complex structures or non-liner transformations. With the increase of the amount of data and the power of computation, neural networks with more complex structures have attracted widespread attention and been applied to various fields. This paper provides an overview of deep learning in neural networks including popular architecture models and training algorithms.
Molecular pathways in colorectal cancer (2012)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common newly diagnosed cancer and accounts for the second highest number of cancer related deaths in Australia, the third worldwide and of increasing importance in Asia. It arises through cumulative effects of inherited genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Genomic instability is an integral part in the transformation of normal colonic or rectal mucosa into carcinoma. Three molecular pathways have been identified: these are the chromosomal instability (CIN), the microsatellite instability (MSI), and the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) pathways. These pathways are not mutually exclusive, with some tumors exhibiting features of multiple pathways. Germline mutations are responsible for hereditary CRC syndromes (accounting for less than 5% of all CRC) while a stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations results in sporadic CRC. This review aims to discuss the genetic basis of hereditary CRC and the different pathways involved in the process of colorectal carcinogenesis.