gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suspended Polycarbonate Shield to Defeat Terrorist Threats (1987)

The Navy Civil Engineering Laboratory is conducting research on a window concept that offers great potential for overcoming the disadvantages of blast resistant windows. The concept is a polycarbonate shield mounted in a steel frame and suspended from two steel cables immediately behind the window opening. The steel cables are connected to the ceiling above. For maximum effectiveness, the glass in the window is covered with plastic security film. The paper describes the conceptual design of the shield, dynamic response characteristics of the shield to projectiles and blast loads, and preliminary design methods for the polycarbonate, frame, and cables needed to protect interior spaces against effects from bombs exceeding several thousand pounds of high explosive.
2-(3-Pyridyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxamides. 1. Novel Orally Active Antagonists of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF). (1997)

In a search for novel platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonists, we found that 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-4-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazolidine-4-carbonyl] piperazine (3x) showed in vitro and in vivo PAF-antagonistic activities. Introduction of functional groups at the benzylic methylene carbon of 3x afforded some compounds with more potent PAF-antagonistic activity than 3x. Among them 1-(3-methyl-3-phenylbutyl)-4-[2-(3-pyridyl) thiazolidine-4-carbonyl]-piperazine fumarate (3al, YM264) was found to be one of the most potent PAF antagonists.
A CMOS technology platform for 0.13 μm generation SOC (system on a chip) (2002)

In this paper, we demonstrate a platform technology for 0.13 /spl mu/m generation SOC (system on a chip). 0.11 /spl mu/m LOGIC process with trench capacitor DRAM cell of 0.3 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and 6Tr SRAM cell of 2.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is described. Source/drain extensions are formed after deep junction activation by using disposable gate sidewalls. Thus ideal annealing condition is applied to source/drain extensions for shallow junction formation. In addition, second sidewalls for Co salicide are optimized for suppression of boron penetration from p/sup +/ poly-silicon gate.
Field emission from coated nanowires (2005)

This work investigates radial field emission from an Al-coated nanowire due to a time harmonic incident electromagnetic field. An analytical expression for the electric field inside and outside a smooth nanowire is derived. Through the boundary perturbation technique, this expression is corrected to include the effects of roughness of the nanowire surface. The corrected electric field is used to calculate the potential energy of the electromagnetic field in order to estimate the resulting current density. The Wentzel-Krammers-Brillouin approximation is employed in order to estimate the tunneling probability of the electrons in the metal due to the external electromagnetic potential. For the field-emission calculations, the free-electron model is invoked. The results indicate that at sufficiently low frequencies, the perturbative corrections do not influence the critical conditions for emission or the current density.
Functional Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Amino Acid Permease RcAAP3 from Castor Bean1 (1999)

A polymerase chain reaction-based library screening procedure was used to isolate RcAAP3, an amino acid permease cDNA from castor bean (Ricinus communis). RcAAP3 is 1.7 kb in length, with an open reading frame that encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 51 kD. Hydropathy analysis indicates that the RcAAP3 protein is highly hydrophobic in nature with nine to 11 putative transmembrane domains. RcAAP3-mediated uptake of citrulline in a yeast transport mutant showed saturable kinetics with a K(m) of 0.4 mM. Transport was higher at acidic pH and was inhibited by the protonophore carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting a proton-coupled transport mechanism. Citrulline uptake was strongly inhibited (72%) by the permeable sulfydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide, but showed lower sensitivity (30% inhibition) to the nonpermeable reagent p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid. Diethylpyrocarbonate, a histidine modifier, inhibited citrulline uptake by 80%. A range of amino acids inhibited citrulline uptake, suggesting that RcAAP3 may be a broad substrate permease that can transport neutral and basic amino acids with a lower affinity for acidic amino acids. Northern analysis indicated that RcAAP3 is widely expressed in source and sink tissues of castor bean, and that the pattern of expression is distinct from RcAAP1 and RcAAP2.
Symmetrical Routes and Reverse Path Congestion Control (1997)

We describe new mechanisms to deal with asymmetries that arise in routing protocols. We show how to avoid route asymmetries (due to non-unique shortest paths) by adding random integer link costs. We show in detail how RIP can be modified to avoid route asymmetry with high probability, without affecting either its efficiency or performance metrics such as convergence time. Symmetrical intra-domain routing also makes possible a new form of congestion control that we call Reverse Path Congestion Control (RPCC). We show, using simulations, that RPCC can augment existing TCP congestion control mechanisms to improve start up behavior and to avoid losses at the boundary between domains and the backbone.
subgraph2vec: Learning Distributed Representations of Rooted Sub-graphs from Large Graphs (2016)

In this paper, we present subgraph2vec, a novel approach for learning latent representations of rooted subgraphs from large graphs inspired by recent advancements in Deep Learning and Graph Kernels. These latent representations encode semantic substructure dependencies in a continuous vector space, which is easily exploited by statistical models for tasks such as graph classification, clustering, link prediction and community detection. subgraph2vec leverages on local information obtained from neighbourhoods of nodes to learn their latent representations in an unsupervised fashion. We demonstrate that subgraph vectors learnt by our approach could be used in conjunction with classifiers such as CNNs, SVMs and relational data clustering algorithms to achieve significantly superior accuracies. Also, we show that the subgraph vectors could be used for building a deep learning variant of Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernel. Our experiments on several benchmark and large-scale real-world datasets reveal that subgraph2vec achieves significant improvements in accuracies over existing graph kernels on both supervised and unsupervised learning tasks. Specifically, on two realworld program analysis tasks, namely, code clone and malware detection, subgraph2vec outperforms state-of-the-art kernels by more than 17% and 4%, respectively.
Polyhedral voronoi diagrams for additive manufacturing (2018)

A critical advantage of additive manufacturing is its ability to fabricate complex small-scale structures. These microstructures can be understood as a metamaterial : they exist at a much smaller scale than the volume they fill, and are collectively responsible for an average elastic behavior different from that of the base printing material making the fabricated object lighter and/or flexible along specific directions. In addition, the average behavior can be graded spatially by progressively modifying the micro structure geometry. The definition of a microstructure is a careful trade-off between the geometric requirements of manufacturing and the properties one seeks to obtain within a shape: in our case a wide range of elastic behaviors. Most existing microstructures are designed for stereolithography (SLA) and laser sintering (SLS) processes. The requirements are however different than those of continuous deposition systems such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), for which there is currently a lack of microstructures enabling graded elastic behaviors. In this work we introduce a novel type of microstructures that strictly enforce all the requirements of FFF-like processes: continuity, self-support and overhang angles. They offer a range of orthotropic elastic responses that can be graded spatially. This allows to fabricate parts usually reserved to the most advanced technologies on widely available inexpensive printers that also benefit from a continuously expanding range of materials.
Synthesis, physico‐chemical and biological study of trialkylsiloxyalkyl amine coated iron oxide/oleic acid magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment of cancer (2008)

Abstract New original water‐soluble magnetic nanoparticles based on natural components, magnetite–oleic acid–biologically active silyl modified alkanolamine, were synthesized. Physico‐chemical characterization, i.e. magnetic properties, concentration of magnetite, size of iron oxide core, of the nanoparticles synthesized and the corresponding magnetic fluids obtained, was carried out. Magnetic fluids were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity concerning human fibrosarcoma (HT‐1080), mouse hepatoma (MG‐22A) monolayer tumour cell lines and normal mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). They possess low or moderate cytotoxic effects, are non‐toxic, exhibit high NO‐induction ability and strongly change tumour cell morphology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the expression of a monoclonal antibody fragment under the transcriptional control of the <i>Escherichia coli lac</i> promoter (2000)

The expression of a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment in Escherichia coli strain RB791/pComb3, induced with either lactose or isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), was compared to determine if lactose might provide an inexpensive alternative to induction with IPTG. Induction of Fab expression imposed a metabolic load on the recombinant cells, resulting in lower final cell yields compared to the non-induced controls. An IPTG concentration of 0.05 mM was sufficient to achieve maximal expression of soluble Fab protein when inducing in the early-, mid-, or late-log phases of batch cultures grown using either glucose or glycerol as a carbon source. The largest overall yield of Fab fragments when using 0.05 mM IPTG was achieved by increasing the final yield of cells through glycerol feeding following induction in late-log phase. Lactose was as effective as IPTG for inducing Fab expression in E. coli RB791/pComb3. The greatest overall level of Fab expression was found when cells grown on glycerol were induced with 2 g/L lactose in late-log phase. Since the cost of 0.05 mM of IPTG is significantly greater than the cost of 2 g/L lactose, lactose provides an inexpensive alternative to IPTG for inducing the expression of Fab fragments, and possibly other recombinant proteins, from the E. coli lac promoter.
Number-theoretic test generation for directed rounding (2003)

We present methods to generate systematically the hardest test cases for multiplication, division, and square root subject to directed rounding, essentially extending previous work on number-theoretic floating point testing to rounding modes other than to-nearest. The algorithms focus upon the rounding boundaries of the modes truncate, to-minus infinity, and to-infinity and programs based on them require little beyond exact arithmetic in the working precision to create billions of edge cases. We show that the amount of work required to calculate trial multiplicands pays off in the form of free extra tests due to an interconnection among the operations considered herein. Although these tests do not replace proofs of correctness, they can be used to gain a high degree of confidence that the accuracy requirements as mandated by IEEE Standard 754 have been satisfied.
Genome-wide microRNA profiling of human temporal lobe epilepsy identifies modulators of the immune response (2012)

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying mTLE may involve defects in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that control the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level. Here, we performed a genome-wide miRNA profiling study to examine whether miRNA-mediated mechanisms are affected in human mTLE. miRNA profiles of the hippocampus of autopsy control patients and two mTLE patient groups were compared. This revealed segregated miRNA signatures for the three different patient groups and 165 miRNAs with up- or down-regulated expression in mTLE. miRNA in situ hybridization detected cell type-specific changes in miRNA expression and an abnormal nuclear localization of select miRNAs in neurons and glial cells of mTLE patients. Of several cellular processes implicated in mTLE, the immune response was most prominently targeted by deregulated miRNAs. Enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators was paralleled by a reduction in miRNAs that were found to target the 3'-untranslated regions of these genes in reporter assays. miR-221 and miR-222 were shown to regulate endogenous ICAM1 expression and were selectively co-expressed with ICAM1 in astrocytes in mTLE patients. Our findings suggest that miRNA changes in mTLE affect the expression of immunomodulatory proteins thereby further facilitating the immune response. This mechanism may have broad implications given the central role of astrocytes and the immune system in human neurological disease. Overall, this work extends the current concepts of human mTLE pathogenesis to the level of miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
Diversified query expansion using conceptnet (2013)

Search result diversification (SRD) aims to select diverse documents from the search results in order to cover as many search intents as possible. A prerequisite is that the search results contain diverse documents. For this purpose, we investigate a new approach to SRD by diversifying the query. Expansion terms are selected from ConceptNet so as to cover as diverse aspects as possible. The experimental results on several TREC data sets show that our method can outperform the existing state-of-the-art approaches that do not diversify the query.
Facile Synthesis and One-Dimensional Assembly of Cyclodextrin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Catalysis and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2009)

Controlled synthesis of Au nanoparticles with adjustable sizes (10−50 nm) and narrow size distributions (<10% in standard deviation) was realized by reducing hydrochloroauric acid with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) in an alkaline aqueous solution, which was very simple and “green”. It was revealed that a proper pH was essential to the formation of stable dispersions of nonaggregated Au nanoparticles and a higher pH would lead to the welding of the Au nanoparticles into one-dimensional (1D) wires or three-dimensional (3D) aggregates. Moreover, 1D assembly of α-CD-capped Au nanoparticles into nanochains was readily induced by partial removal of the organic stabilization shell, which resulted from the host−guest interactions between α-CDs capped on Au nanoparticle surfaces and toluene molecules. Finally, the as-prepared Au nanoparticles were found to serve as effective catalyst to activate the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH4, and the application of the assembled Au nanoparticle thin film as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was also demonstrated.
Prevalence and Phenotypes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Eyes With High Myopia (2019)

This study provides evidence to suggest that older patients with HM are at a significant risk of the dry and neovascular forms of AMD. NV in eyes with HM and AMD required more injections in the first year compared to NV in HM eyes without AMD.
Design Optimization of an Implantable Device Concept for Passive Ocular Drug Delivery (2014)

This paper presents an implantable device concept with applications for treating ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The design of a biodegradable drug delivery device concept consisting of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) shell with a fluid reservoir and micro/nanofluidic tubes that allow the drug to be stored and delivered at a specified rate is discussed. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted through various tube configurations in order to obtain the drug diffusion characteristics. The results from the simulation studies revealed information related to drug transport under varying design parameters. The design simulations were conducted with a desired rate. Based on results from several simulations, an optimization study was conducted to achieve the required dosage for about 2 years. The results obtained from the optimization study shows that the device concept can be extended for different drugs to treat ocular diseases.
Technologies for Intelligent Workflows: Experiences and Lessons (1999)

This paper presents research at BT Labs in intelligent workflow management technologies. We summarise the results of past research, and then describe recent work where we applied range of AI technologies to workflow management systems. In particular, we discuss how we are currently using . Machine learning (specifically support vector machines and time series analysis) . Qualitative multi-criteria decision-making . Ontology management and resolution Finally, we conclude with three challenges for future research into intelligent workflow management systems. 1. Introduction: Perspectives and Motivation Virtual and other forms of extended enterprise have become increasingly common as organisations seek new ways of delivering value to their shareholders and customers. They integrate both processes and systems to support an end-to-end value chain. Virtual enterprises require an open decentralised architecture for workflow management where multiple workflow management systems c...
Recent progress in deep-blue phosphorescent OLEDs (2007)

Cyclometallated iridium <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-complexes have become known as efficient deep blue triplet emitters in OLEDs. With these emitters suitable CIE color coordinates of CIE x ~ 0.15 and CIE y = 0.1...0.2 can easily be reached. To keep the expensive and tedious synthetic and laboratory screening effort for new emitters and complementary materials as efficient as possible a good computational pre-screening method based on quantum chemical theory is used. In this paper, data will be presented which show a good correlation between calculated and measured values of for example triplet energy, ionization potential and electron affinity. Only by having good control of these parameters it is possible to design efficient and long lasting devices. Based on this, we will show our progress in the deep-blue color region by optimizing the device setup and by employing a new, much more stable complementary material set.
Role of surface plasmon in second harmonic generation from gold nanorods (2007)

The role of surface plasmon in second harmonic generation from arrays of gold nanorod particles excited by femtosecond laser pulses is investigated as a function of incident light polarization and irradiation wavelength. In addition to photoluminescence, a peak of second harmonic is observed and is found to depend on the polarization and wavelength of the fundamental frequency laser beam. In particular, the authors found similarities between extinction spectra of the nanoparticles and spectra of emmitted second harmonic. This behavior can be explained by resonant excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances.
Active suspension with multilayer dielectric elastomer actuator (2011)

A promising application for dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) is the active vibration control in the low frequency range (0 - 200 Hz). The active and passive properties of the actuator can be joined to eliminate the disturbances in the whole frequency range. These actuators can be used for protection of lightweight sensible equipment like optic e. g. components. This paper describes the dynamic modeling of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) and the design of control algorithms for applications like active suspensions. The used least mean squares parametric estimation method for dynamic modeling of DEA shows a good accordance with the real system. Moreover, the developed feedback controller improves the isolation characteristics of passive dielectric elastomer.
Small pickup for current and profile of beam of pulsed electrostatic proton accelerator (1985)

The range-coordinate instrument described contains a 3-micrometer aluminum foil and a multiwire secondary-emission meter for the beam profile in two projections, and the bottom is a meter for the absolute value of the current. The foil serves to cut off background particles with a range less than 0.84 mg x cm/sup -2/, which corresponds to an energy of 330 keV for protons, and withstands a pulsed thermal load less than 0.5 J x cm/sup -2/. The paper discusses the characteristic features of the operation of the instrument on the example of the diagnostics of the beam from a pulsed electrostatic accelerator delivering protons of an energy of 330-420 keV, current less than 20 mA, current density less than 23 mA x cm/sup -2/, and pulse duration approximately equal to 20 microsec in the absence of a longitudinal magnetic field with a strength approximately equal to 2 kG.
Preclinical Testing of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitors in a Mouse Model of Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma (2011)

The studies show the utility of this GEM model of ovarian cancer for preclinical testing of novel PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling inhibitors and provide evidence for compensatory signaling, suggesting that multiple rather than single agent targeted therapy will be more efficacious for treating ovarian cancers with activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
Incorporation of Contrast Media in Cultured Cells (1989)

Monolayer cultures of human prostatic (PC-3) and cervical (NHIK 3025) carcinoma cells were grown on formvar film and exposed to moderate concentrations of contrast agents for 30 minutes to 4 hours. After the exposure period, the monolayers were quickly frozen, and cryosections were examined by electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Iodine was not detected in control cells, but was found in the cells that had been exposed to iodine-containing contrast media. The amount of intracellular iodine increased with increasing exposure dose and time. Because the cells mostly presented no sign of membrane damage, our findings support the view that contrast media have the ability to enter intact cells.
STEAM AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEM (1920)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It is stated that the general performance of the steam-propelled automobile has never been equalled by that of the most highly-developed multiple-cylinder gasoline cars and that it is significant that no innovation in the gasoline car has yet been able to give steam-car performance. This led to an effort to remove the troublesome features of the steam car, rather than to complicate the gasoline car further by attempting to make it duplicate steam-car performance. The paper describes in detail the steam automotive system developed by the author and E. C. Newcomb, including the boiler, the combustion system and its control, the engine and the condensing system.</div>