gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biophysical studies of DNA modified with conformationally constrained nucleotides: comparison of 2'-exo (north) and 3'-exo (south) 'locked' templates (2007)

The biophysical properties of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) selectively modified with conformationally 'locked' bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane pseudosugars (Maier,M.A., Choi,Y., Gaus,H., Barchi,J.J. Jr, Marquez,V.E., Manoharan,M. (2004) Synthesis and characterization of oligonucleotides containing conformationally constrained bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane pseudosugar analogs Nucleic Acids Res., 32, 3642-3650) have been studied by various techniques. Six separate synthetic ODNs based on the Dickerson Drew dodecamer sequence (CGCGAAT*T*CGCG) were examined where each one (or both) of the thymidines (T*) were substituted with a bicyclic pseudosugar locked in either a North (2'-exo) or South (3'-exo) ring pucker. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were used to examine the duplex stability and conformational properties of the ODNs. Replacement of one or both thymidines with North-locked sugars (RNA-like) into the dodecamer did not greatly affect duplex formation or melt temperatures but distinct differences in thermodynamic parameters were observed. In contrast, incorporation of South-locked sugar derivatives that were predicted to stabilize this standard B-DNA, had the unexpected effect of causing a conformational equilibrium between different duplex forms at specific strand and salt concentrations. Our data and those of others suggest that although DNA can tolerate modifications with RNA-like (North) nucleotides, a more complicated spectrum of changes emerges with modifications restricted to South (DNA-like) puckers.
Analysis and wafer-level design of a high-order silicon vibration isolator for resonating MEMS devices (2010)

This paper presents the analysis and preliminary design, fabrication, and measurement for mechanical vibration-isolation platforms especially designed for resonating MEMS devices including gyroscopes. Important parameters for designing isolation platforms are specified and the first platform (in designs with cascaded multiple platforms) is crucial for improving vibration-isolation performance and minimizing side-effects on integrated gyroscopes. This isolation platform, made from a thick silicon wafer substrate for an environment-resistant MEMS package, incorporates the functionalities of a previous design including vacuum packaging and thermal resistance with no additional resources. This platform consists of platform mass, isolation beams, vertical feedthroughs, and bonding pads. Two isolation platform designs follow from two isolation beam designs: lateral clamped–clamped beams and vertical torsion beams. The beams function simultaneously as mechanical springs and electrical interconnects. The vibration-isolation platform can yield a multi-dimensional, high-order mechanical low pass filter. The isolation platform possesses eight interconnects within a 12.2 _ 12.2 mm 2 footprint. The contact resistance ranges from 4–11 Ω depending on the beam design. Vibration measurements using a laser-Doppler vibrometer demonstrate that the lateral vibration-isolation platform suppresses external vibration having frequencies exceeding 2.1 kHz.
Impact of highly conserved HLA haplotype on acute graft-versus-host disease (2010)

Although the effects of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus matching on clinical outcome in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantations have been characterized, the biologic implications of HLA haplotypes have not been defined. We demonstrated the genetic fixity of Japanese conserved extended haplotypes by multi-single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in 1810 Japanese donor-recipient pairs matching with HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 alleles. Three major Japanese conserved extended haplotypes (named HP-P1, HP-P2, and HP-P3) were essentially completely conserved at least in the 3.3-Mb HLA region from HLA-A to -DPB1, and extended far beyond HLA-A. The risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of these HLA haplotypes was assessed with multivariate Cox regression in 712 patients transplanted from HLA fully (HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1) matched unrelated donors. HP-P2 itself reduced the risk of grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63; P = .032 compared with HP-P2-negative), whereas HP-P3 tended to increase the risk (HR = 1.38; P = .07). Among 381 patients with HP-P1, HP-P1/P3 (HR = 3.35; P = .024) significantly increased the risk of acute GVHD compared with homozygous HP-P1. This study is the first to demonstrate that a genetic difference derived from HLA haplotype itself is associated with acute GVHD in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Motion from the frontier of curved surfaces (2002)

The frontier of a curved surface is the envelope of contour generators showing the boundary, at least locally, of the visible region swept out under viewer motion. In general, the outlines of curved surfaces (apparent contours) from different viewpoints are generated by different contour generators on the surface and hence do not provide a constraint on viewer motion. We show that frontier points, however, have projections which correspond to a real point on the surface and can be used to constrain viewer motion by the epipolar constraint. We show how to recover viewer motion from frontier points for both continuous and discrete motion, calibrated and uncalibrated cameras. We present preliminary results of an iterative scheme to recover the epipolar line structure from real image sequences using only the outlines of curved surfaces. A statistical evaluation as also performed to estimate the stability of the solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ProNGF, a cytokine induced after myocardial infarction in humans, targets pericytes to promote microvascular damage and activation (2012)

Treatment of acute cardiac ischemia focuses on reestablishment of blood flow in coronary arteries. However, impaired microvascular perfusion damages peri-infarct tissue, despite arterial patency. Identification of cytokines that induce microvascular dysfunction would provide new targets to limit microvascular damage. Pro-nerve growth factor (NGF), the precursor of NGF, is a well characterized cytokine in the brain induced by injury. ProNGF activates p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and sortilin receptors to mediate proapoptotic responses. We describe induction of proNGF by cardiomyocytes, and p75(NTR) in human arterioles after fatal myocardial infarction, but not with unrelated pathologies. After mouse cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, rapid up-regulation of proNGF by cardiomyocytes and p75(NTR) by microvascular pericytes is observed. To identify proNGF actions, we generated a mouse expressing a mutant Ngf allele with impaired processing of proNGF to mature NGF. The proNGF-expressing mouse exhibits cardiac microvascular endothelial activation, a decrease in pericyte process length, and increased vascular permeability, leading to lethal cardiomyopathy in adulthood. Deletion of p75(NTR) in proNGF-expressing mice rescues the phenotype, confirming the importance of p75(NTR)-expressing pericytes in the development of microvascular injury. Furthermore, deficiency in p75(NTR) limits infarct size after I-R. These studies identify novel, nonneuronal actions for proNGF and suggest that proNGF represents a new target to limit microvascular dysfunction.
Substrate specificity of <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1992)

The assembly pathway of the oligosaccharide chains of asparagine-linked glycoproteins in mammalian cells begins with the formation of GlcNAc-PP-dolichol in a reaction catalysed by the enzyme N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase. We have investigated the efficiency of two lipid substrates for the transferase activity in an in vitro assay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes as an enzyme source. Experiments were carried out with varying concentrations of dolichyl phosphate or its precursor, polyprenyl phosphate. We determined that enzyme activity was optimal at pH 9, where the enzyme exhibited a 3-fold higher Vmax and a 2-fold lower Km for the dolichol substrate. At pH 7.4, the Km and Vmax differences between the two lipids were 10-fold. Under all assay conditions tested, we found that GlcNAc-PP-lipid was the only product formed. We conclude from these results that dolichyl phosphate rather than polyprenyl phosphate is the preferred substrate for the transferase enzyme in CHO cells. This observation is significant in light of the fact that we have previously isolated CHO glycosylation mutants which fail to convert polyprenol into dolichol, and hence utilize polyprenyl derivatives for glycosylation reactions. Thus, these results contribute to our understanding of the glycosylation defects in the mutant cell lines.
Precision surgery with an electromagnetically induced current convergence probe application in aneurysm treatment, angioplasty, and brain tumor resection in in vivo and in vitro models. (1988)

A hand-held probe, or one introduced through a catheter, rapidly produces an extremely high, tissue-vaporizing temperature in a precisely defined manner enabling surgeons or interventional radiologists to perform angioplasty, thrombose aneurysms, and vaporize tumors. The probe is operated in a near field of an inductive coil, and the current induced in the biologic tissue is converged maximally at the tip of the probe at the resonance frequency of both the inductor and the probe, producing a maximum temperature in excess of 1400 degrees C. Radio-frequency power controls the probe-tip temperature. The operation of the probe is comparable to that of a CO2 or YAG laser and is complementary to laser-surgical techniques. The low cost relative to lasers and simplicity of the device including its disposable components make the prospect of commercialization of this device promising.
Excitation of an Axisymmetric Shear Alfven Wave by a Rogowski-Type Antenna (2003)

Characteristics of wave excitation in a high speed plasma flow are investigated experimentally. Axisymmetric, azimuthal mode number m = 0 shear Alfvén waves (SAW) are excited by a Rogowski‐type antenna in a high density (more than 1013 cm−3), high speed, magnetized helium plasma flow with ion Mach number (Mi∼ 1). The Rogowski‐type antenna with Faraday‐shield for the SAW excitation consists of a solenoid coil, so the magnetic field is not generated around the antenna in vacuum. Dispersion relations of excited SAW are in good agreement with the theoretical curve which is obtained by taking into account the effect of a Doppler shift due to a high speed plasma flow. Ratio δBy/ B0 of the excited magnetic perturbation δBy to the uniform magnetic field B0 is as large as 1% . Spatial profiles and damping rate of the SAW are also obtained experimentally.
Chromomycosis Due to<i>Cladosporium trichoides</i>Treated with 5-Fluorocytosine: A Case Report (1974)

A case of chromomycosis of the skin due to Cladosporium trichoides is reported. Chromomycosis caused by this fungus has not previously been described. Treatment with 5-fluorocytosine for 36 weeks was successful. It is concluded that 5-fluorocytosine is a useful drug in this condition as it can be given on an outpatient basis and has minimal side effects in prolonged high dosage.
Arylation of Aromatic compounds. VI. Benzoyl Peroxide with Pyridine and Quinoline (1958)

Amongst the products formed when pyridine reacts with benzoyl peroxide are phenylpyridines, benzoic acid, pyridine oxide, and dipyridyls. The molar yield of benzoic acid is significantly higher than that of the phenylpyridines although most aromatic compounds give approximately equal yields of benzoic acid and phenylated compounds. This difference may be ascribed to the simultaneous formation of pyridine oxide and dipyridyls. Similar remarks apply to the reaction with quinoline and the mechanisms of the various reactions are discussed.&nbsp;The phenylquinoline fraction has been investigated in detail and the isomer ratio of the mixture has been evaluated.
Entangled-Pair Transmission Improvement Using Distributed Phase-Sensitive Amplification (2014)

Quantum communications rely on transmitting quantum states, which are susceptible to transmission loss. Researchers have experimentally compensated for the transmission loss of two-qubit entangled states over a 5-km-long fiber configured as a distributed amplifier.
Dietary Fiber and Lipid Metabolism (1985)

ConclusionsThe hypothesis that dietary fiber alters cholesterol levels by adsorbing bile acids, which would increase their excretion and alter cholesterol absorption, appears to be too simplistic based on the accumulated data. Some sources of dietary fiber (e.g., oat bran) reduce serum and/or liver cholesterol levels and simultaneously increase steroid excretion. However, these changes do not seem to be of a magnitude sufficient to account for the change in serum cholesterol. In addition, other sources which cause more substantial increases in steroid excretion cause no change in cholesterol accumulation (e.g., corn bran or cellulose) and, in humans, a reduction in serum cholesterol by beans is accompanied by a reduction in steroid excretion. A change in bile acid pool sizes in response to oat bran and the effects this may have on sterol balance may be an additional mechanism for the observed effects. Other situations (i.e., beans) do not fit either of the above mechanisms and will require further investigation.At this point in time we can make several useful comments concerning the role of dietary fiber in lipid metabolism: (a) We cannot generalize about the effects of dietary fiber on lipid metabolism. We may be able to group sources by composition, to some extent, but the experience with oat bran and beans that, in spite of similar effects, mechanisms may be quite different suggests this must be done with caution. (b) Mechanisms appear to center more on effects on regulatory enzymes of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis than on adsorption and physical effects. We know very little about the effects changes in pool sizes of some of the minor bile acids may have in overall sterol balance, considering the key role this may play in explaining the observed effects of some dietary fiber sources, (c) In spite of these shortcomings, we have had experience with several sources of dietary fiber which have been shown to be effective in reducing hypercholesterolemia in men without substantial increases in fecal steroid concentrations. These experimental results should be incorporated into a more complete diet therapy for hypercholesterolemia employing all diet components.
The Straw that Broke the Camel's Back: Safe Cloud Overbooking with Application Brownout (2014)

Resource overbooking is an admission control technique to increase utilization in cloud environments. However, due to uncertainty about future application workloads, overbooking may result in overload situations and deteriorated performance. We mitigate this using brownout, a feedback approach to application performance steering, that ensures graceful degradation during load spikes and thus avoids overload. Additionally, brownout management information is included into the overbooking system, enabling the development of improved reactive methods to overload situations. Our combined brownout-overbooking approach is evaluated based on real-life interactive workloads and non-interactive batch applications. The results show that our approach achieves an improvement of resource utilization of 11 to 37 percentage points, while keeping response times lower than the set target of 1 second, with negligible application degradation.
The characterization of the TFIIIA synthesized in somatic cells of Xenopus laevis. (1990)

In somatic cells of Xenopus, transcription of the TFIIIA gene initiates greater than 200 bp upstream from the start site used in oocytes. The resultant mRNA encodes a protein, S-TFIIIA, that is 22 amino acids longer at its amino terminus than the abundant form of TFIIIA in oocytes (O-TFIIIA). S-TFIIIA binds the 5S RNA gene and 5S RNA, and both O- and S-TFIIIA promote the formation of stable transcription complexes on oocyte-type 5S RNA genes in an oocyte nuclear extract. We have not found any functional difference between the two forms of TFIIIA. Different transcription start sites suggest differential promoter usage--one in oocytes that permits high levels of gene activity and another that is used in somatic cells for low-level TFIIIA mRNA synthesis.
Shish kebab and high-performance morphologies (1979)

A new model of shish kebab morphology is obtained based on objective analysis of its mechanism of formation in elongational flow. The problems and limitations of deformation processes leading to the transformation of flexible polymers into extended chain morphologies are analyzed.
Circulating levels and clinical significance of soluble CD40 in patients with hematologic malignancies (2006)

Many patients with hematologic malignancies have elevated circulating levels of sCD40, and these elevated levels are associated with a poor prognosis at least in patients with MM and AML, suggesting that sCD40 may have a role in modulating antitumor responses and also may be a useful prognostic marker. In addition, the findings suggested that further studies will be required to determine the effect of circulating sCD40 on the clinical effectiveness of CD40-ligating reagents used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Quantitative Assay of (1&ndash;3)-&beta;-<i>D</i>-Glucan in Culture Media of Candida albicans Using the G-Test (1994)

The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is often difficult. The limulus test, which has been used for the assay of endotoxin in blood, was also found to react with (1-3)-beta-D-glucan, a component of the fungal cell wall. The factor in the limulus test that is activated by glucan, but not by endotoxin, is called factor G. The G-test utilizes the activation pathway starting with factor G, and sensitivity reacts with trace amounts of glucan. In this study, we investigated in vitro proliferation of Candida albicans and changes in the glucan concentration of RPMI-1640 media in the presence and absence of neutrophils and antifungal agents, as a pilot evaluation to possible clinical applications of the G-test. The proliferation of C. albicans and the glucan level measured in the culture media showed parallel changes. The glucan level in the culture media also increased when C. albicans was phagocytosed and digested by neutrophils, but not with administration of amphotericin B. The G-test closely reflected quantitative changes of C. albicans in vitro, and should be considered for future clinical studies in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutics in invasive candidiasis.
Amide der stereoisomeren Lysergsäuren und Dihydro‐lysergsäuren. 38. Mitteilung über Mutterkornalkaloide (1955)

Abstract Es werden Darstellung und Eigenschaften einer grössern Anzahl säureamidartiger Derivate der Lysergsäure, Isolysergsäure, Dihydro‐lysergsäure(I) und Dihydro‐isolysergsäure(I) mit primären und sekundären Aminen beschrieben.
Binding of Fluoroquinolone Carboxylic Acid Derivatives to Clay Minerals (1997)

Large quantities of fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid (FQCA) derivatives are applied as antibacterial agents in large-scale animal husbandry. Important quantities are transported to agricultural areas by means of liquid manure. The binding of FQCA derivatives to clay minerals and their sorption by five soils from different geographic areas were investigated. Sorption was studied in batch experiments using radioactive labeled enrofloxacin (Baytril), decarboxylated enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (Cyprobay), levofloxacin (Oxaldin), and a fluorochloroquinolone carboxylic acid derivative. More than 90% (KD = 260−5612) of the applied enrofloxacin adsorbed on the different soils. The other chemicals showed a similar adsorption (KD = 285−496) on a German soil except the decarboxylated enrofloxacin (KD = 7.7). At clay minerals enrofloxacin was adsorbed >98%. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the adsorption at the clay mineral montmorillonite occurred between the layers, resulting in an expansion of the spacing. Microcalorimetric and infrared measurements confirmed an electrostatic interaction between the adsorbed chemical and the adsorbent. Keywords: Adsorption; clay mineral; enrofloxacin; fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives; Coulombic interactions; soil clays
Characterization of Pu-erh Tea Using Chemical and Metabolic Profiling Approaches (2009)

In this study, the chemical constituents of pu-erh tea, black tea, and green tea, as well as those of pu-erh tea products of different ages, were analyzed and compared using a chemical profiling approach. Differences in tea processing resulted in differences in the chemical constituents and the color of tea infusions. Human biological responses to pu-erh tea ingestion were also studied by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques. Metabolic alterations during and after pu-erh tea ingestion were characterized by increased urinary excretion of 5-hydroxytryptophan, inositol, and 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid, along with reduced excretion of 3-chlorotyrosine and creatinine. This study highlights the potential for metabonomic technology to assess nutritional interventions and is an important step toward a full understanding of pu-erh tea and its influence on human metabolism.
Rate-effect experiments on round-tipped penetrometer insertion into uniform snow (2010)

Abstract Snow penetrometers are being developed to detect stratigraphy indicative of slab avalanches. Results are presented here from experiments performed to assess the relationship between the velocity of a round-tipped penetrometer through uniform snow and the resulting force response. The range of velocities used is commensurate with that used to drive a manually driven penetrometer through the snow. A characteristic spike is noted in profiles during the initial stage of deformation, which appears to be more pronounced for the harder snow layers tested. An investigation of snow deformation using video analysis of a split-axis rod deforming snow against a clear plastic window indicates that the spike in the force signal corresponds to the development of a compaction zone below the penetrometer tip. Once shear forces that develop in the compacted snow are overcome, deformation proceeds in a steady state and there is little or no relationship between the force response and velocity over the velocity range of our experiments.
Anex vivo human model system to evaluate specificity of replicating and non-replicating gene therapy agents (2005)

The precision-cut tissue slice technology is a powerful method to test specificity and efficiency of gene transfer as well as of viral replication using human tissue.
Significant long-term reduction in n-channel MESFET subthreshold leakage using ammonium-sulfide surface treated gates (1991)

Ammonium-sulfide ((NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/S) treated gates have been employed in the fabrication of GaAs MESFETs that exhibit a remarkable reduction in subthreshold leakage current. A greater than 100-fold reduction in drain current minimum is observed due to a decrease in Schottky gate leakage. The electrical characteristics have remained stable for over a year during undesiccated storage at room temperature, despite the absence of passivation layers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>