gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of sFlt-1 in in vivo and in vitro models of human placental hypoxia is mediated by HIF-1 (2006)

Elevated expression of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) in preeclampsia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this serious disorder of human pregnancy. Although reduced placental oxygenation is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, it is unclear how oxygen regulates placental sFlt-1 expression. The aims herein were to investigate sFlt-1 expression in in vivo and in vitro physiological and pathological models of human placental hypoxia and to understand the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in regulating the expression of this molecule. sFlt-1 expression in placental villi was significantly increased under physiological low oxygen conditions in early first-trimester and in high-altitude placentae, as well as in pathological low oxygen conditions, such as preeclampsia. In high-altitude and in preeclamptic tissue, sFlt-1 localized within villi to perivascular regions, the syncytiotrophoblast layer, and syncytial knots. In first-trimester villous explants, low oxygen, but not hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR), increased sFlt-1 expression. Moreover, exposure of villous explants to dimethyloxalyl-glycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of prolyl-hydroxylases, which mimics hypoxia by increasing HIF-1alpha stability, increased sFlt-1 expression. Conversely, HIF-1alpha knockdown using antisense oligonucleotides, decreased sFlt-1 expression. In conclusion, placental sFlt-1 expression is increased by both physiologically and pathologically low levels of oxygen. This oxygen-induced effect is mediated via the transcription factor HIF-1. Low oxygen levels, as opposed to intermittent oxygen tension (HR) changes, play an important role in regulating sFlt-1 expression in the developing human placenta and hence may contribute to the development of preeclampsia.
Making Use of Manufacturing Process Variations: A Dopingless Transistor Based-PUF for Hardware-Assisted Security (2018)

Time to market is a vital aspect of electronic product development. When it comes to device technology, the time needed for the device fabrication processes to stabilize is relatively long. At the early stages of any device technology development, manufacturing variations are extensive. They are inevitable and unpredictable. Such manufacturing variations can be used advantageously to improve security and protect hardware and software IP. A physical unclonable function (PUF) uses the device manufacturing variations to extract unique and non-replicable keys which can be used for various applications such as cryptography and IP protection. This paper presents a hybrid oscillator arbiter PUF which uses the manufacturing variations of dopingless field-effect transistors (DLFETs) to achieve non-replicability and the results are compared with the more established FinFETs. The scalability of DLFETs is higher compared to current transistor technologies and the power consumption is lower. There is a 25% reduction in power consumption when compared to a 14 nm FinFET technology. The PUF designs presented in this paper are speed-optimized and power-optimized hybrid oscillator arbiter PUFs. The power-optimal design can be deployed in systems where power consumption should be low and the speed-optimal design can be implemented when speed of operation plays a vital role. Hence, these two designs can be deployed in two different application domains of current technologies such as the of Internet of Things.
Terahertz-bandwidth pulse propagation on a coplanar stripline fabricated on a thin membrane (1994)

An ultra-broadband coplanar stripline employing a durable 1.4 μm-thick membrane substrate has been devised, fabricated, and tested. Nearly distortionless propagation of terahertz-bandwidth electrical pulses over lengths in excess of 4 mm has been experimentally demonstrated using subpicosecond test signals and a sampling measurement technique based on ultrashort-duration laser pulses. A comparison to pulse propagation data on identical coplanar strips on a GaAs substrate illustrates a dramatic improvement in the radiation attenuation and phase velocity dispersion for the membrane CPS with increasing frequency.
Adaptive, Personalized Diversity for Visual Discovery (2016)

Search queries are appropriate when users have explicit intent, but they perform poorly when the intent is difficult to express or if the user is simply looking to be inspired. Visual browsing systems allow e-commerce platforms to address these scenarios while offering the user an engaging shopping experience. Here we explore extensions in the direction of adaptive personalization and item diversification within Stream, a new form of visual browsing and discovery by Amazon. Our system presents the user with a diverse set of interesting items while adapting to user interactions. Our solution consists of three components (1) a Bayesian regression model for scoring the relevance of items while leveraging uncertainty, (2) a submodular diversification framework that re-ranks the top scoring items based on category, and (3) personalized category preferences learned from the user's behavior. When tested on live traffic, our algorithms show a strong lift in click-through-rate and session duration.
Assessment and Comparison of Several Analytical Models of Water Impact (2010)

This paper deals with the accuracy of several analytical models for the prediction of the hydrodynamic force and pressure distribution acting on a body entering initially calm water. The problem of water entry is important for the analysis of slamming loads undergone by boats operating in waves, as well as of the steady behaviour of high-speed planing vessels. The considered models are briefly described and the obtained results are compared to those of numerical computations and experimental observations for a number of two-dimensional and axisymmetric cases of water impact.
2-Aminoimidazole Amino Acids as Inhibitors of the Binuclear Manganese Metalloenzyme Human Arginase I (2010)

Arginase, a key metalloenzyme of the urea cycle that converts L-arginine into L-ornithine and urea, is presently considered a pharmaceutical target for the management of diseases associated with aberrant l-arginine homeostasis, such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and erectile dysfunction. We now report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of 2-aminoimidazole amino acid inhibitors in which the 2-aminoimidazole moiety serves as a guanidine mimetic. These compounds represent a new class of arginase inhibitors. The most potent inhibitor identified in this study, 2-(S)-amino-5-(2-aminoimidazol-1-yl)pentanoic acid (A1P, 10), binds to human arginase I with K(d) = 2 microM and significantly attenuates airways hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic airways inflammation. These findings suggest that 2-aminoimidazole amino acids represent new leads for the development of arginase inhibitors with promising pharmacological profiles.
Human β-Cell Proliferation and Intracellular Signaling: Part 3 (2015)

This is the third in a series of Perspectives on intracellular signaling pathways coupled to proliferation in pancreatic β-cells. We contrast the large knowledge base in rodent β-cells with the more limited human database. With the increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes and the recognition that type 2 diabetes is also due in part to a deficiency of functioning β-cells, there is great urgency to identify therapeutic approaches to expand human β-cell numbers. Therapeutic approaches might include stem cell differentiation, transdifferentiation, or expansion of cadaver islets or residual endogenous β-cells. In these Perspectives, we focus on β-cell proliferation. Past Perspectives reviewed fundamental cell cycle regulation and its upstream regulation by insulin/IGF signaling via phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, glucose, glycogen synthase kinase-3 and liver kinase B1, protein kinase Cζ, calcium-calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells, epidermal growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor family members, Wnt/β-catenin, leptin, and estrogen and progesterone. Here, we emphasize Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-related kinase, cadherins and integrins, G-protein-coupled receptors, and transforming growth factor β signaling. We hope these three Perspectives will serve to introduce these pathways to new researchers and will encourage additional investigators to focus on understanding how to harness key intracellular signaling pathways for therapeutic human β-cell regeneration for diabetes.
Inhibition of ovulation by low-dose mifepristone (RU 486) (1992)

Mifepristone (RU 486) is a potent antigestagen and antiglucocorticoid which when given at a dose of 25-600 mg disrupts folliculogenesis, inhibits ovulation and induces menses in healthy women. This study reports the effects of much lower doses of mifepristone than used previously, given for the duration of a complete menstrual cycle. Healthy female volunteers (n = 11) with regular menstrual cycles were given mifepristone at a daily dose of 5 mg (n = 6) or 2 mg (n = 5) for 30 days, beginning immediately after an ovulatory placebo cycle. Mifepristone prevented menstruation for the duration of the treatment period, with recurrence of menses 15-29 days after replacement of mifepristone with placebo. Daily mifepristone given in either 5 mg or 2 mg doses inhibited ovulation, as indicated by the lack of a rise in urinary pregnanediol excretion. The excretion of oestrone glucuronide in urine rose during treatment, suggesting ovarian follicular development. Inhibition of ovulation appeared to result from a failure of the positive feedback effect of oestradiol on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, as no surges of luteinizing hormone were seen despite pre-ovulatory levels of oestrone glucuronide being measured during exposure to mifepristone. The cycle immediately following treatment was shorter than the pre-treatment cycle, with lower peak levels of pregnanediol glucuronide, suggesting an inadequate luteal phase. Recovery from the effects of mifepristone treatment was more rapid after 2 mg than after 5 mg and one subject conceived in the immediate post-treatment phase, indicating adequate ovulation and luteinization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genomic context drives SCA7 CAG repeat instability, while expressed SCA7 cDNAs are intergenerationally and somatically stable in transgenic mice (2003)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin-7 gene. In humans, SCA7 is characterized by marked anticipation due to intergenerational repeat instability with a bias toward expansion, and is thus regarded as the most unstable of the polyglutamine diseases. To study the molecular basis of CAG/CTG repeat instability and its pathological significance, we generated lines of transgenic mice carrying either a SCA7 cDNA construct or a 13.5 kb SCA7 genomic fragment with 92 CAG repeats. While the cDNA transgenic mice showed little intergenerational repeat instability, the genomic fragment transgenic mice displayed marked intergenerational instability with an obvious expansion bias. We then went on to generate additional lines of genomic fragment transgenic mice, and observed that deletion of the 3' genomic region significantly stabilized intergenerational transmission of the SCA7 CAG92 repeat. These results suggest that cis-information present on the genomic fragment is driving the instability process. As the SCA7 genomic fragment contains a large number of replication-associated motifs, the presence of such sequence elements may make the SCA7 CAG repeat region more susceptible to instability. Small-pool and standard PCR analysis of tissues from genomic fragment mice revealed large repeat expansions in their brains and livers, but no such changes were found in any tissues from cDNA transgenic mice that have been shown to undergo neurodegeneration. As large somatic repeat expansions are absent from the brains of SCA7 cDNA mice, our results indicate that neurodegeneration can occur without marked somatic mosaicism, at least in these mice.
Distribution Voltage Control for DC Microgrids Using Fuzzy Control and Gain-Scheduling Technique (2012)

Installation of many distributed generations (DGs) could be detrimental to the power quality of utility grids. Microgrids facilitate effortless installation of DGs in conventional power systems. In recent years, dc microgrids have gained popularity because dc output sources such as photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, and batteries can be interconnected without ac/dc conversion, which contributes to total system efficiency. Moreover, high-quality power can be supplied continuously when voltage sags or blackouts occur in utility grids. We had already proposed a “low-voltage bipolar-type dc microgrid” and described its configuration, operation, and control scheme, through experiments. In the experiments, we used one energy storage unit with a dc/dc converter to maintain the dc-bus voltage under intentional islanding operation. However, dc microgrids should have two or more energy storage units for system redundancy. Therefore, we modified the system by adding another energy storage unit to our experimental system. Several kinds of droop controls have been proposed for parallel operations, some of which were applied for ac or dc microgrids. If a gain-scheduling control scheme is adopted to share the storage unit outputs, the storage energy would become unbalanced. This paper therefore presents a new voltage control that combines fuzzy control with gain-scheduling techniques to accomplish both power sharing and energy management. The experimental results show that the dc distribution voltages were within 340 V ± 5%, and the ratios of the stored energy were approximately equal, which implies that dc voltage regulation and stored energy balancing control can be realized simultaneously.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Medicinal Plant <i>Costus Speciosus</i> (Koen.) (2009)

The present paper deals with the phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of therapeutic importance from Costus speciosus (Koen.), an important medicinal plant. The study involves the preliminary screening and qualitative HPTLC separation of secondary metabolites from the rhizome of Costus speciosus (Koen.). The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed against a few pathogens viz. E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnuemoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The generated data has provided the basis for its wide use as the therapeutic both in traditional and folk medicine.
Scleral Patch Grafts With Molteno Setons (1987)

Description de la technique chirurgicale utilisee chez des patients porteurs de differents types de glaucome
An object tracking algorithm based on occlusion mesh model (2003)

The concept of an occlusion mesh model is introduced. An object tracking algorithm based on an occlusion mesh model is proposed. A modified occlusion detection method is considered to improve the detection accuracy. A mesh nodes motion estimation method based on feature window matching is presented to achieve sub-pixel resolution and overcome block artifacts produced by block matching. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is practical and feasible, it can be used for object tracking effectively. Also it solves the 2D motion estimation problem existing in occlusion regions and shows better visual performance.
Kondensationsprodukte von heterocyclisch substituierten Sulfanilamiden mit Aldehyden (1948)

Abstract 1. Es werden analytische Methoden zur Bestimmung des Sulfa‐thiazol‐ und Formaldehydgehaltes im Kondensationsprodukt aus diesen Verbindungen beschrieben. Die Bruttozusammensetzung entspricht der einfachen Azomethinverbindung. Die Eigenschaften schliessen jedoch eine solche Konstitution aus.
Morphology and effects of hydrogen etching of porous SiC (2002)

The morphology of the porous network in porous SiC has been studied. It has been found that pore formation starts with a few pores on the surface and then the porous network grows in a V-shaped branched structure below the surface. The hydrogen etching rates of porous and nonporous SiC have been measured. Etch rates of porous and nonporous wafers of various miscuts are found to be equal within a factor of two, indicating that the rate-limiting step in the etching process arises from the supply of active etching species from the gas phase. The porous SiC etches slightly faster than the nonporous SiC, which is interpreted simply in terms of the reduced average density of the porous material.
Subjective difficulty of each stage of phacoemulsification cataract surgery performed by basic surgical trainees (2006)

Trainee surgeons found phacoemulsification and capsulorhexis the most difficult stages of cataract surgery early in the learning curve. More time can be dedicated to mastering these steps in the wet lab.
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E Regulates Expression of Cyclin D1 at Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Levels (1995)

Regulation of the cell cycle is orchestrated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. We have demonstrated previously that overexpression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) in NIH 3T3 cells growing in 10% fetal calf serum leads to highly elevated levels of cyclin D1 protein without significant increase in cyclin D1 mRNA levels, suggesting that a post-transcriptional mechanism is involved. (Rosenwald, I. B., Lazaris-Karatzas, A., Sonenberg, N., and Schmidt, E. V. (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 7358-7363). In the present research, we did not find any significant effect of eIF-4E on polysomal distribution of cyclin D1 mRNA. However, the total amount of cyclin D1 mRNA associated with polysomes was significantly increased by eIF-4E overexpression. Further, we determined that the levels of both cyclin D1 protein and mRNA are increased in serum-deprived cells overexpressing eIF-4E. Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that the rate of the cyclin D1 transcription is not down-regulated in serum-deprived cells overexpressing eIF-4E. Thus, elevated levels of eIF-4E may lead to increased transcription of the cyclin D1 gene, and this effect becomes visible when serum deprivation down-regulates the rate of cyclin D1 mRNA synthesis in control cells. However, artificial overexpression of cyclin D1 mRNA in serum-deprived cells in the absence of eIF-4E overexpression did not cause the elevation of cyclin D1 protein, and this overexpressed cyclin D1 mRNA accumulated in the nucleus, suggesting that one post-transcriptional role of eIF-4E is to transport cyclin D1 mRNA from the nucleus to cytoplasmic polysomes.
<title>Precision, Post-Objective, Two-Axis, Galvanometer Scanning</title> (1983)

Using a laser beam and galvanometer scanners with mirrors in an orthogonal configuration is a simple, low cost way to scan an X-Y flat field in a raster or vector mode. The major drawback in the method has been the geometric distortions inherent in two-axis, flat-field scanning, primarily pincushion, tangent, and focus errors of the imaged beam on the field. Until now the problem has been resolved by pre-objective scanning in which a corrective lens is placed between the scanners and the field. Use has been limited, however, to small fields (20 cm) where corrective lenses are practical. Accurate corrections with multiple wavelengths are difficult, if not impossible. Small fields with large radii also have been used to minimize geometric errors, but long focus distances create a number of optical problems. General Scanning now has a post-objective scanning system which solves these problems in virtually any field size or scan radius configuration. By positioning simple lenses and dynamic focusing before the scanners, a post-objective scanning system is created. In this system, the scanning and focus servos are under precise control of a digital correction computer. This paper discusses the theory of correction and the hardware available, as well as the implementation and performance, of a post-objective scanning system.
Combination of an automatic and an interactive disambiguation method (1998)

In natural language processing, many methods have been proposed to solve the ambiguity problems. In this paper, we propose a technique to combine a method of interactive disambiguation and automatic one for ambiguous words. The characteristic of our method is that the accuracy of the interactive disambiguation is considered. The method solves the two following problems when combining those disambiguation methods: (1) when should the interactive disambiguation be executed? (2) which ambiguous word should be disambiguated when more than one ambiguous words exist in a sentence? Our method defines the condition of executing the interaction with users and the order of disambiguation based on the strategy where the accuracy of the result is maximized, considering the accuracy of the interactive disambiguation and automatic one. Using this method, user interaction can be controlled while holding the accuracy of results.
Verifying multi-threaded software using smt-based context-bounded model checking (2011)

We describe and evaluate three approaches to model check multi-threaded software with shared variables and locks using bounded model checking based on Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and our modelling of the synchronization primitives of the Pthread library. In the lazy approach, we generate all possible interleavings and call the SMT solver on each of them individually, until we either find a bug, or have systematically explored all interleavings. In the schedule recording approach, we encode all possible interleavings into one single formula and then exploit the high speed of the SMT solvers. In the underapproximation and widening approach, we reduce the state space by abstracting the number of interleavings from the proofs of unsatisfiability generated by the SMT solvers. In all three approaches, we bound the number of context switches allowed among threads in order to reduce the number of interleavings explored. We implemented these approaches in ESBMC, our SMT-based bounded model checker for ANSI-C programs. Our experiments show that ESBMC can analyze larger problems and substantially reduce the verification time compared to state-of-the-art techniques that use iterative context-bounding algorithms or counter-example guided abstraction refinement.