gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties of transparent and conducting Ga doped ZnO (2006)

In this paper, we report on the metal-semiconductor transition behavior observed in transparent and conducting ZnO:Ga films grown by pulsed-laser deposition. The electrical resistivity measurements were carried out on ZnO films with varying Ga concentration in the temperature range of 14to300K. The electrical properties were correlated with film structure, and detailed structural characterization was performed using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The room-temperature resistivity of these films was found to decrease with Ga concentration up to 5% Ga, and then increase. The lowest value of resistivity (1.4×10−4Ωcm) was found at 5% Ga. Temperature dependent resistivity measurements showed a metal-semiconductor transition, which is rationalized by localization of degenerate electrons. A linear variation of conductivity with T below the transition temperature suggests that the degenerate electrons are in a weak-localization regime. It was also found that the transition temperature is dependent on the Ga concentration and is related to the increase in disorder induced by dopant addition. The results of this research help to understand the additional effects of dopant addition on transport characteristics of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and are critical to further improvement and optimization of TCO properties.
Barium titanate and barium-strontium titanate as nonlinear dielectrics (1946)

This thesis document was issues under the authority of another institution, not NPS. At the time it was written, a copy was added to the NPS Library Collection for reasons not now known. It has been included in the digital archive for its historical value to NPS. Not believed to be a CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) title.
Valine Pyrrolidide Preserves Intact Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide and Improves Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Minipigs With Reduced <i>β</i>‐Cell Mass (2003)

The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are important in blood glucose regulation. However, both incretin hormones are rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV). The concept of DPPIV inhibition as a treatment for type 2 diabetes was evaluated in a new large animal model of insulin-deficient diabetes and reduced beta-cell mass, the nicotinamide (NIA) (67 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ) (125 mg/kg)-treated minipig, using the DPPIV inhibitor, valine pyrrolidide (VP) (50 mg/kg). VP did not significantly affect levels of intact GLP-1 but increased levels of intact GIP (from 4543 +/- 1880 to 9208 +/- 3267 pM x min; P <.01), thus improving glucose tolerance (area under the curve [AUC] for glucose reduced from 1904 +/- 480 to 1582 +/- 353 mM x min; P =.05). VP did not increase insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) but increased the insulinogenic index in normal animals (from 83 +/- 42 to 192 +/- 108; P <.05), but not after NIA + STZ, possibly because of less residual insulin secretory capacity in these animals. GIP seems to contribute to the antihyperglycemic effect of VP in this model; however, additional mechanisms for the effect of DPPIV inhibition cannot be excluded. The authors conclude that DPPIV inhibitors may be useful to treat type 2 diabetes, even when this is due to reduced beta-cell mass.
A Pulse-gated, Neural Implementation of the Backpropagation Algorithm (2019)

For some time, it has been thought that backpropagation of errors could not be implemented in biophysiologically realistic neural circuits. This belief was largely due to either 1) the need for symmetric replication of feedback and feedforward weights, 2) the need for differing forms of activation between forward and backward propagating sweeps, and 3) the need for a separate network for error gradient computation and storage, on the one hand, or 4) nonphysiological backpropagation through the forward propagating neurons themselves, on the other. In this paper, we present spiking neuron mechanisms for gating pulses to maintain short-term memories, controlling forward inference and backward error propagation, and coordinating learning of feedback and feedforward weights. These neural mechanisms are synthesized into a new backpropagation algorithm for neuromorphic circuits.
A tunable inductance topology to realize frequency tunable matching networks and amplifiers (2013)

Coverage of commercial communication standards such as GSM, UMTS, Wi-Fi and Wi-Max within a single transceiver chip is one of the most desired properties by wireless communication manufacturers. In this regard, communication companies are keenly interested in the design of high power amplifiers for broadband cellular communications to achieve this coverage. In this work, design of broadband tunable matching networks is investigated using Real Frequency Techniques. In practical applications, tunability is needed to compensate for the load impedance variations with environmental effects. In order to be able to work on sample structures, impedance transforming filters with proper topology are chosen and a broadband tunable matching network with a tunability strategy is developed. Eventually a broadband amplifier has been designed using the tunable inductor concept.
Medicare Payments from Diagnosis to Death for Elderly Cancer Patients by Stage at Diagnosis (1995)

Although extensive resources go to cancer care, national population-based data on the costs of such care at the patient level have been unavailable. Medicare payments subsequent to diagnosis of cancer for elderly enrollees with five common cancers were estimated using tumor registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program linked to Medicare claims from 1984 to 1990. The time between diagnosis and death was divided into four phases corresponding to the clinical course of solid tumors, average payments for each phase were estimated (including payments for services not related to cancer), then phase-specific payment data were aggregated. Average payments by phase varied among cancer sites, especially in the initial care phase, where payments were highest for lung and colorectal cancers ($17,500 in 1990 dollars) and lowest for female breast cancer ($8,913). Total Medicare payments from diagnosis to death were highest for persons with bladder cancer ($57,629) and lowest for those with lung cancer ($29,184). Low payments for persons with lung cancer corresponded to brief survival times. Persons diagnosed at earlier stages incurred higher total payments between diagnosis and death than those diagnosed at later stages, reflecting their longer survival. This implies that early detection may increase total Medicare expenditures by extending beneficiaries' lives. However, Medicare payments per year of survival were lower for earlier stages. Data on Medicare payments subsequent to diagnosis of cancer are useful for identifying the cost implications of differences in treatment patterns by demographic characteristics, geography, and delivery systems; comparing the financial impact of alternative therapies; evaluating the long-term cost impacts of screening and prevention programs; and risk-adjusting payments to health plans.
Total Synthesis of the α-Subunit of Human Glycoprotein Hormones: Toward Fully Synthetic Homogeneous Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (2012)

Described herein is the first total chemical synthesis of the unique α-subunit of the human glycoprotein hormone (α-hGPH). Unlike the biologically derived glycoprotein hormones, which are isolated as highly complex mixtures of glycoforms, α-hGPH obtained by chemical synthesis contains discrete homogeneous glycoforms. Two such systems have been prepared. One contains the disaccharide chitobiose at the natural N-glycosylation sites. The other contains dodecamer oligosaccharides at these same sites. The dodecamer sugar is a consensus sequence incorporating the key features associated with human glycoproteins.
Chemistry of silyl thioketones. Part 4. 2,4,6-Triaryl-2,4,6-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3,5-trithianes from silyl thioketones: crystal structure of 2,4,6-triphenyl-2,4,6-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3,5-trithiane and stereochemistry of desilylation with fluoride ion (1988)

Silyl thioketones are easily converted into the corresponding trimers (1,3,5-trithianes) under acidic conditions. Both the α-(cis,trans)- and the β-(cis,cis)-isomers were isolated. The β-diastereoisomers predominate over the α-form. The major isomer from the trimerisation of trimethylsilylphenyl thioketone, upon X-ray analysis, shows a chair-like conformation with the silyl groups all equatorial. Desilylation of the α- and β-trimers of the trimethylsilylphenyl thioketone with fluoride ion affords, stereospecifically, the two isomeric 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-trithianes.
Some antiphospholipid antibodies recognize conformational epitopes shared by β<sub>2</sub>‐glycoprotein I and the homologous catalytic domains of several serine proteases (2007)

Taken together with the findings that some aCL bind to several serine proteases that participate in hemostasis and share homologous catalytic domains, these data demonstrate that some aCL in APS patients recognize one or more conformational epitopes shared by beta2GPI and the catalytic domains of disease-relevant serine proteases.
Measurement of the seismoelectric response from a shallow boundary (1996)

Abstract Field experiments carried out at a site near Vancouver, Canada have shown that a shallow lithologic boundary can be mapped on the basis of its seismoelectric response.As seismic waves cross the boundary between organic-rich fill and impermeable glacial till, they induceelectric fields that can be measured at the surfacewith grounded dipole receivers. Sledgehammer and blasting cap seismic sources, positioned up to 7 m away from the interface, have produced clear seismoelectric conversions. Two types of seismoelectric signals are observed. The primary response is distinguished by near simultaneous arrivals at widely separated receivers. Its arrival time is equal to the time required for a seismic P-wave to travel from the shotpoint to the fill/till boundary. On the surface, its maximum amplitude (about 1 mV/m) ismeasured by dipoles located within a few meters of the shotpoint. At greater distances, the amplitude of the primaryarrival decays rapidly with offset, and secondary seismoelectric arrivals become dominant. They differ from the primary response in that their arrival times increasewith dipole offset, and they appear to be generatedin the immediate vicinity of each dipole sensor. Our studies show that the responses cannot be attributedto piezoelectricity or to resistivity modulation in the presence of a uniform telluric current. We infer that seismically induced electrokinetic effects or streamingpotentials are responsible for the seismoelectric conversion,and a simple electrostatic model is proposed to account for the two types of arrivals. Although our experimentswere small in scale, the results are significant in that they suggest that the seismoelectric method may be used to map the boundaries of permeable formations.
Increasing the stability of hydrogen peroxide and peroxide compounds of titanium in alkali and cyanide electrolytes for cadmium- and zinc-coating (1987)

A study was made of the effect of hydroxides of metals and strong complex-forming substances (hydroxycarboxylic and carboxylic acids and their salts, trilon A, trilon B, etc.) on the rate of dissociation of hydrogen peroxide and peroxide compounds of titanium in alkali solutions and electrolytes used in zinc- and cadmium-plating. It is shown that the hydroxides of titanium, calcium, barium, zirconium, and especially magnesium enhance the stability of titanium peroxides and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ by more than two orders of magnitude.
Studies of the life histories of grass feeding Jassidae (1894)

In various papers published in these Bulletins during the past five years attention has been called to the injuries caused in grass land and pastures by the numerous species of Jassidae which swarm, often by millions to the acre, upon various species of grass.\nIn these papers it has been shown that the loss, though seldom noticed, must be really enormous and that by the use of the tar-pan or “hopper-dozer” the insects may be to a great extent destroyed. Further than this, however, our knowledge has been too meager to furnish a certain basis for remedial measures. It is true studies were made of a few species and some facts learned as to their life-history which warranted the belief that burning, mowing or other methods more satisfactory than the tar-pan might be of service but still so much remained unknown regarding the most common species that there seemed a necessity for a more extensive study. At the beginning of the present season a study was planned, the essential features of which were: 1st, the determination of the life histories of as many as possible of the species known to feed upon grasses; 2nd, the determination of the range of food plants for each species especially in the larval stages and 3rd, the collection of all species occurring on grasses and their careful identification with a close study of the specific limits of each as a basis for further life-history studies.
Clonal Genetic Alterations in the Lungs of Current and Former Smokers (1997)

Genetic alterations at chromosomal sites containing putative tumor-suppressor genes (i.e., 3p14 and the FHIT gene, 9p21 and the p16 gene [also known as CDKN2], and 17p13 and the p53 gene [also known as TP53]) occur frequently in the histologically normal or minimally altered bronchial epithelium of chronic smokers.
Raf-1 regulates Rho signaling and cell migration (2005)

Raf kinases relay signals inducing proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The Raf-1 isoform has been extensively studied as the upstream kinase linking Ras activation to the MEK/ERK module. Recently, however, genetic experiments have shown that Raf-1 plays an essential role in counteracting apoptosis, and that it does so independently of its ability to activate MEK. By conditional gene ablation, we now show that Raf-1 is required for normal wound healing in vivo and for the migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Raf-1-deficient cells show a symmetric, contracted appearance, characterized by cortical actin bundles and by a disordered vimentin cytoskeleton. These defects are due to the hyperactivity and incorrect localization of the Rho-effector Rok-alpha to the plasma membrane. Raf-1 physically associates with Rok-alpha in wild-type (WT) cells, and reintroduction of either WT or kinase-dead Raf-1 in knockout fibroblasts rescues their defects in shape and migration. Thus, Raf-1 plays an essential, kinase-independent function as a spatial regulator of Rho downstream signaling during migration.
Transition from Bohm to classical diffusion due to edge rotation of a cylindrical plasma (2007)

The outer region of the plasma column of a large, linear plasma device is rotated in a controlled fashion by biasing a section of the vacuum chamber wall positive with respect to the cathode (Er&lt;0). The magnitude and temporal dependence of the observed cross-field current, produced when the bias voltage is applied, is consistent with ion current arising from ion-neutral collisions. Flow speeds in the outer regions of the plasma column exceed the local sound speed. In the nonrotating plasma column, cross-field, radial particle transport proceeds at the Bohm diffusion rate. Rotation, above a threshold bias voltage, reduces cross-field transport from Bohm to classical rates, leading to steeper radial density profiles. Reduction of particle transport is global and not isolated to the region of flow shear. The transition from the nonrotating to the rotating plasma edge in the linear plasma column is similar to the low confinement to high confinement mode transition observed in tokamaks when Er&lt;0.
Probe Blockage Effects in Free Jets and Closed Tunnels (1975)

The effect of probe blockage on the free-stream pressure and Mach number has been studied for the two limiting cases of open free jets and closed tunnels. Cylinder probe calibrations carried out in subsonic free jets show that the blockage effect is much greater than previous analytical solutions predict. The blockage effect in free jets was found to be of approximately the same magnitude as in closed tunnels. Generalized blockage corrections are derived which indicate the importance of minimizing blockage effects both when calibrating a probe and when using it to make pressure measurements, especially in the transonic flow regime.
The cancer control program (1975)

The Cancer Control Program (CCP) was established by Congress to develop and to implement a coordinated national effort to reduce cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality in the United States. The program helps ensure that existing knowledge concerning cancer in prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation will be disseminated and applied as rapidly and effectively as possible. The program utilizes both contracts and, to a more limited extent, grants. Program objectives and specific projects have been delineated.
Development of MEMS power inductors with submicron laminations using an automated electroplating system (2007)

The objective of the proposed research is to use MEMS technology to develop low profile power inductors with minimized eddy current losses to be used in high power density compact switching converters. Eddy currents arise in high-flux density metallic cores as increased switching frequencies of DC-DC converters cause the skin depth to be small compared with the core thickness. Laminations can reduce the eddy current losses but converters operating with switching frequencies in the MHz regime may require submicron laminations. Previous research has been done to fabricate inductors with micron-scale laminated cores for high frequency switching converters. To optimize the previous fabrication technique, an automated electroplating system was developed for the fabrication of thick magnetic cores comprising large number of submicron laminations without human intervention. Inductors with higher inductance, quality factor and power handling capacity have been realized compared to previously developed inductors. The inductors are characterized in terms of saturation behavior and power handling capability. A miniaturized DC-DC converter with power conversion capacity of 10 Watts has been demonstrated using the fabricated inductor.
Planar microwave and millimeter-wave lumped elements and coupled-line filters using micro-machining techniques (1995)

Planar microwave and millimeter-wave inductors and capacitors have been fabricated on high-resistivity silicon substrates using micro-machining techniques. The inductors and capacitors are suspended on a thin dielectric membrane to reduce the parasitic capacitance to ground. The resonant frequencies of a 1.2 nH and a 1.7-nH inductor have been increased from 22 GHz and 17 GHz to around 70 GHz and 50 GHz, respectively. We also report on the design and measurement of a new class of stripline filters suspended on a thin dielectric membrane. Interdigitated filters with 43% and 5% bandwidth have been fabricated and exhibit a port-to-port 0.7 dB and 2.0 dB loss, respectively, at 14-15 GHz. The micro-machining fabrication technique can be used with silicon and GaAs substrates in microstrip or coplanar-waveguide configurations to result in planar low-loss lumped elements and filters suitable for monolithic integration or surface mount devices up to 100 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laminin alpha5 chain adhesion and signaling in conjunctival epithelial cells. (2002)

Human conjunctival epithelial cells use a heparin- and cell-binding peptide of the LG4 module of laminin alpha5 chain in adhesion to laminin-10. Syndecan-4 is one mechanism by which the peptide facilitates adhesion. In addition to adhesion, the peptide may function in cell-signaling events.
Expression of L-CCR in HEK 293 cells reveals functional responses to CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, and CCL8 (2003)

It has become clear in the past years that chemokines and chemokine receptors are pivotal regulators of cellular communication and trafficking. In addition to the approximately 20 chemokine receptors that have been cloned and described, various orphan receptors with a chemokine receptor-like structure are known. We have investigated the orphan mouse chemokine receptor (L-CCR) in HEK 293 cells, a receptor that was originally described in a mouse macrophage cell line. Cells expressing this receptor show pertussis toxin-sensitive chemotaxis and small intracellular calcium transients in response to the chemokines CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, and CCL5. Biotinylated CCL2 binds to L-CCR-expressing cells, and transfection experiments with an L-CCR-green fluorescent protein fusion protein showed L-CCR expression in the membranes of recombinant HEK 293 cells. Although radioligand binding was not detected, it is suggested that L-CCR is a functional chemokine receptor.
Relationship between Jones and Mueller matrices for random media (1987)

The effect of a linear random medium on the state of polarization of the transmitted light is investigated, and the connection between the Stokes vector formalism and the coherence or polarization matrix formalism is discussed. It is shown that an ensemble of Jones matrices corresponds to the Mueller matrix in general.
Magnetic Moments of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>29</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>33</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>67</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>75</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Se</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>77</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Te</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>123</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Te</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>125</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1953)

An improved nuclear induction spectrometer has been employed for the detection and measurement of the resonances of several stable nuclei. The sign and value of the magnetic moments are listed in Table I. No diamagnetic correction has been applied. The sensitivity of the apparatus is indicated by the photographs of the output signal of ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}^{17}$ which occur in water with a natural abundance of 0.02 and 0.04 percent, respectively.