gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibits Expression of the Iron Regulating Hormone Hepcidin in Murine Models of Innate Colitis (2012)

TNFα inhibits hepcidin expression in two distinct types of innate colitis, with down-regulation of Smad1 protein playing an important role in this process. This inhibitory effect of TNFα may be superseded by other factors in the context of T cell-mediated colitis given that in the latter form of intestinal inflammation hepcidin is usually up-regulated.
Computer Graphics And Geometric Modelling: Implementation & Algorithms (2005)

Introduction Raster Algorithms Clipping Transformations and the Graphics Pipeline Approaches to Geometric Modelling Basic Geometric Modeling Tools Visible Surface Algorithms Colour Illumination and Shading Rendering Techniques Curves in Computer Graphics Surfaces in Computer Graphics Intersection Algorithms Global Geometric Modelling Topics Local Geometric Modelling Topics Intrinsic Geometric Modelling Computational Geometry Topics Interval Analysis The Finite Element Method Quaternions Digital Image Processing Topics Chaos and Fractals Appendices: Notation Abstract Program Syntax IGES GM - AS Geometric Modelling Program - available at http://extras.springer.com (search 978-1-85233-818-3) SPACE - A Manifold Exploration Program - available at http://extras.springer.com (search 978-1-85233-818-3)
Altered Melusin Expression in the Hearts of Aortic Stenosis Patients (2007)

Reduction in melusin expression parallels the functional cardiac impairment in human AS. The simultaneous decrease of melusin and AKT phosphorylation suggests a connection between the loss of melusin and the decrease in systolic function.
A Real-Time ECG Data Compression and Transmission Algorithm for an e-Health Device (2011)

This paper introduces a real-time data compression and transmission algorithm between e-health terminals for a periodic ECGsignal. The proposed algorithm consists of five compression procedures and four reconstruction procedures. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the algorithm was applied to all 48 recordings of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, and the compress ratio (CR), percent root mean square difference (PRD), percent root mean square difference normalized (PRDN), rms, SNR, and quality score (QS) values were obtained. The result showed that the CR was 27.9:1 and the PRD was 2.93 on average for all 48 data instances with a 15% window size. In addition, the performance of the algorithm was compared to those of similar algorithms introduced recently by others. It was found that the proposed algorithm showed clearly superior performance in all 48 data instances at a compression ratio lower than 15:1, whereas it showed similar or slightly inferior PRD performance for a data compression ratio higher than 20:1. In light of the fact that the similarity with the original data becomes meaningless when the PRD is higher than 2, the proposed algorithm shows significantly better performance compared to the performance levels of other algorithms. Moreover, because the algorithm can compress and transmit data in real time, it can be served as an optimal biosignal data transmission method for limited bandwidth communication between e-health devices.
Sexual abuse in sport: a model to prevent and protect athletes (2010)

Abstract Several studies clearly show that sexual abuse exists in sport. Currently, very few studies have examined the prevention and management of this problem in sports organisations. This article explores the measures used to prevent sexual abuse in sports organisations as well as the perceptions of the sports actors affected by these measures (parents, athletes, administrators and coaches). The results demonstrate that several factors affect the implementation of measures and the management of this problem in sports organisations. Moreover, few measures exist to prevent and manage cases of sexual abuse in these organisations, thus jeopardising the protection of athletes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olfactory response to beetle-produced volatiles and host-food attractants by <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i> and <i>O</i>. <i>mercator</i> (1981)

A two-choice, pitfall olfactometer which utilizes a petri plate with suspended glass vials was employed to test the response of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and O. mercator (Fauvel) to various volatile stimuli. Male and female beetles of both species were attracted to pentane extracts of Porapak Q trapped volatiles from beetles, frass, rolled oats, and brewer's yeast over a wide range of stimulus concentrations. For both species, male and female frass contained attractive volatiles in addition to those from unused growth medium. This result and the attractiveness of volatiles from beetles suggest that both sexes produce an aggregation pheromone. Additionally, interspecific attraction to beetle and frass volatiles was demonstrated.
3-D Thermal Radiation Sensors on Optical Fiber Tips Fabricated Using Ultrashort Laser Pulses (2019)

This work demonstrates the first 3-D thermal radiation sensors on optical fiber tips with excellent linear response and sensitivity over a broad range of temperature. A two-photon polymerization (2PP) process was employed to create 3-D thermally responsive structures with submicron precision on fiber tips. This process allows for a single-step writing, maskless, rapid, and low-cost fabrication process to realize sensors with maximum exposure and response to heat radiation. It also enables the integration of packaging-free and ready to use sensors on the tip of unconventional substrates, such as optical fiber tips. The released sensor showed linear response over the temperature range of 20-120 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C; temperature sensitivity of ~50 pm/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C at around 1550 nm wavelength; and sensitivity improvement of better than 900% compared to the unreleased sensors.
Requirements for Marking SIP Messages to be Logged (2017)

SIP networks use signaling monitoring tools to debug customer-
reported problems and for regression testing if network or client
software is upgraded. As networks grow and become interconnected,
including connection via transit networks, it becomes impractical to
predict the path that SIP signaling will take between clients and,
therefore, impractical to monitor SIP signaling end-to-end. This
document describes the requirements for adding an indicator to the SIP
Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or a SIP message that marks the PDU as a
candidate for logging. Such a marking will typically be applied as
part of network testing controlled by the network operator and not
used in regular client signaling. However, such a marking can be
carried end-to-end, including the SIP terminals, even if a session
originates and terminates in different networks.
Amino Resins (2002)

Abstract Amino resins are thermosetting polymers made by combining an aldehyde with a compound containing an amino (NH 2 ) group. Urea–formaldehyde accounts for over 80% of amino resins; melamine–formaldehyde accounts for most of the rest. The principal attractions of amino resins and plastics are water solubility before curing, colorlessness, excellent solvent resistance, outstanding hardness and abrasion resistance, and good heat resistance. Amino resins provide a wide variety of useful products. Adhesives, the largest single market, are used to make plywood, chipboard, and sawdust board. Other types are used to make laminated wood beams, parquet flooring, and for furniture assembly. Aminoplasts and other thermosetting plastics are molded by an automatic injection‐molding process similar to that used for thermoplastics. The process is best applied to relatively small moldings. The great advantage of injection molding is that it eliminates manual labor costs, thereby allowing amino resins to better compete with thermoplastics. The future for amino resins and plastics seems secure. New developments will probably be in the areas of highly specialized materials for treating textiles, paper, etc, and for use with other resins in the formulation of surface coatings. Most amino resins are based on the reaction of formaldehyde with urea or melamine. The first step in the formation of resins and plastics from formaldehyde and amino compounds is the addition of formaldehyde to introduce the hydroxymethyl group, known as methylolation or hydroxymethylation. The second step is a condensation reaction that involves the linking together of monomer units with the liberation of water to form a dimer, a polymer chain, or a vast network, usually referred to as methylene bridge formation, polymerization, resinification, or simply cure. Precise control of the course, speed, and extent of the reaction is essential for successful manufacture. Amino resins are usually made by a batch process. Both urea– and melamine–formaldehyde resins are of low toxicity. Melamine–formaldehyde resins may be used in paper which contacts aqueous and fatty foods. However, some mills are looking for alternatives.
Cycle accurate thread timer for linux environment (2005)

Due to the increasing popularity of java in clienthemer environments, most of today's server applications are multithreaded. Thus, research focusing on the performance analysis of multi-threaded environments has become increasingly important. Since per-thread information can be crucial in such analysis, measuring tools are needed to provide perthread information that may include cycle-based timers and filters to eliminate tracing overhead. In this papel; a Cycle Accurate Thread Timing for Linun Environment (CAlTLE) is presented. This approach provides a cycle-accurate timer with functions to filter out tracing overhead by coordinating efforts from both kernel and user applications. In this scheme, the kernel keeps track of accurate thread timing, while applications inform the kernel which part of the execution is to be measured. To demonstrate the tool$functionality, two case studies are provided, which include measuring latencies incurred by malloc calls and monitoring potential memory heap contention in multithreaded-multiprocessor environments.
Effects of symbol transition density on the performance of the data transition tracking loop at low signal-to-noise ratios (2002)

Effects of the data transition variation on the performance of the digital data transition tracking loop (DTTL) symbol synchronizer are addressed for symbol SNRs and window sizes of interest. The data transition variation will affect the DTTL performance by introducing an additional timing jitter which results in additional receiver loss. Numerical and simulation results for both tracking and acquisition are presented.
Pd-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes on Water under Mild Conditions Using PPh<sub>3</sub> Ligand (2012)

We report a Pd-catalyzed direct arylation of polyfluoroarenes with aryl iodides. The advantages of this reaction are its high reaction efficiency, excellent functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions (70 °C), inexpensive PPh(3) ligand, and use of pure water as reaction medium. The usefulness of this reaction has also been demonstrated by rapid preparation of highly functionalized polyfluoroarenes via iterative Pd-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization.
Local reproducible smoothing without shrinkage (2003)

A simple local smoothing filter for curves or surfaces, combining the advantages of Gaussian smoothing and Fourier curve description, is defined. Unlike Gaussian filters, the filter described has no shrinkage problem. Repeated application of the filter does not yield a curve or surface smaller than the original, but simply reproduces the approximate result that would have been obtained by a single application at the largest scale. Unlike Fourier description, the filter is local in space. The wavelet transform of Y. Meyer (1989) is shown to have these properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Roles of interactivity and usage experience in e-learning acceptance: a longitudinal study (2014)

Purpose – This study's purposes were to longitudinally examine how interactivity factors as the antecedents to learner beliefs affected learners' intention to use the e-learning system and explore whether the effects on learners' usage intention of the e-learning system would change over time with increasing learners' usage experience of the system. Design/methodology/approach – This study gathered sample data from students at a comprehensive university in Taiwan. The sample data were collected in a two-stage survey and were analyzed by using the longitudinal methodology. A total of 252 students agreed to participate in this study, and 225 students effectively participated in both data collections, with a usable response rate of 89.29 percent. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modelling and multiple group analysis. Findings – Interactivity factors (controllability, responsiveness, two-way communication, and personalization) indirectly affected students' intention to use the e-learning system via the extrinsic motivators (perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU)) and intrinsic motivator (perceived enjoyment (PE)). Besides, students' experience in using the e-learning system moderated the effects of PU, PEOU, and PE on intention to use the system. Originality/value – Based on the extended technology acceptance model, the empirical evidence on capturing both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators for completely explaining interactivity antecedents of learners' e-learning acceptance is well documented in this study. Besides, it should be noted that this study contributes significantly to the body of research on evaluating whether the effects of learners' beliefs on their usage intention of the e-learning system may change over time with increasing experience in using the system.
On Minimization of Peak Power for Scan Circuit during Test (2009)

Scan circuit generally causes excessive switching activity compared to normal circuit operation. The higher switching activity in turn causes higher peak power supply current which results into supply voltage droop and eventually yield loss. This paper proposes an efficient methodology for test vector re-ordering to achieve minimum peak power supported by the given test vector set. The proposed methodology also minimizes average power under the minimum peak power constraint. A methodology to further reduce the peak power, below the minimum supported peak power, by inclusion of minimum additional vectors is also discussed. The paper defines the lower bound on peak power for a given test set. The results on several benchmarks shows that it can reduce peak power by up to 27%.
[New information on the histopathology of Vilyui encephalomyelitis: possible role of copper deficiency]. (1994)

The nature of a pathological process in the central nervous system in Vilyui encephalomyelitis defines it as a specific entity of demyelinative encephalomyelitis with a drastic prevalence of an alternative component. The bulk of the nerve parenchyma dies from circulatory incompetence due to blood vascular diseases, which are typical of the disease, as a peculiar angiopathy and progressive reduction in the microcirculatory bed. Homeostatic disorders in the myelinic membranes of central nervous fibers were found to be of value. The maintenance of homeostasis is implicated by adequate oligodendroglial function and copper metabolism. The inhabitants of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are demonstrated to have oligodendroglial hypoplasia and exogenous and endogenous copper deficiency. This is suggested by low copper amounts in the natural environmental objects and in the hair of patients with chronic Vilyui encephalomyelitis.
The host response to anthrax lethal toxin: unexpected observations (2003)

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is believed to induce disease and death in humans in an endotoxic shock-like manner. A comprehensive study of the effects of anthrax toxin in mice demonstrates that toxin-induced death is mediated not by cytokine release, as previously thought, but by hypoxia-induced liver failure. The study strongly suggests that the therapies developed for treatment of cytokine-mediated septic shock will not be appropriate for the treatment of anthrax.
Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Concentration and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Study (2012)

In this study, plasma concentrations of even chain saturated PFA were found to be positively and omega-6 polyunsaturated PFA inversely related to subsequent coronary heart disease risk. These findings are consistent with accumulating evidence suggesting a protective role of omega-6 fats substituting for saturated fats for CHD prevention.
Acidity and Catalytic Activity of Zirconium and Titanium Sulfates Heat-Treated at High Temperature. Solid Superacid Catalysts (1990)

Abstract Acidity and catalytic activity of Zr(SO4)2 and Ti(SO4)2 calcined at 500–800°C were studied. The products obtained by calcination at 725°C for Zr(SO4)2 and at 625°C for Ti(SO4)2 showed the highest activity for the cracking of cumene among samples calcined at other temperatures; the former showed an acid strength of −13.16&lt;H0≤−12.70 and the activity for the reaction of pentane.
Microwave radiometry: its importance to the detection of cancer (1989)

The author discusses developments in the medical uses of microwave radiometry, particularly in relation to the early detection of cancer, as well as the significance of and progress in related antenna technology. In the treatment of cancer, microwave hyperthermia is accepted as an adjunct to radiation therapy in the treatment of superficial lesions. Although not as widely reported, the use of microwave radiometry as a noninvasive, passive technique for the early detection of cancer appears promising. Wider acceptance of these methods, however, awaits fundamental improvements in the ability to focus energy at depth in human tissue, an important and nontrivial antenna problem. Antenna development is described, and the improvements required if microwave technology is to provide a practical solution to the detection and treatment of cancer are indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Classification of spectators' state in video sequences by voting of facial expressions and face directions (2009)

In this paper, we proposed a classification method of spectators ’ state in video sequences by voting of fa-cial expressions and face directions. The task of this paper is to classify the state of the spectators in a given video sequence into “Positive Scene ” or “Nega-tive Scene”, and “Watching Seriously ” or “Not Watch-ing Seriously”. The proposed classifier is designed by a “bag-of-visual-words ” approach based on face recog-nitions. First, the multiview (left-profile, front, right-profile) faces are detected from each image in the given video sequence. Then the detected faces are classified into the two expressions, smile or not smile. The clas-sification results of the face directions and the facial expressions are voted to each classes ’ histogram over the video sequence. Finally, the state of the specta-tors is classified by using the kernel SVM on the voted histograms. We conducted experiments using specta-tors ’ video sequences captured from TV. Our approach demonstrated promising results for classifications of “Positive Scene ” and “Negative Scene ” or “Watching Seriously ” and “Not Watching Seriously”. It was also ascertained that the facial expression is important in the classification of “Positive ” and “Negative”. On the other hand, face direction is important to clas-sify whether the spectators are “Watching Seriously” or “Not”. 1
Efficient cache structures of IP routers to provide policy-based services (2002)

The policy-based service is becoming more important for the Internet shared by various applications. To realize the policy-based service, the router is required to forward packets according to the requirements of the traffic flow that the packet belongs to. However, the packet (and flow) classification easily becomes a bottleneck because the router is necessary to handle multiple fields within the packet. We propose a new packet classification algorithm capable of following the packet forwarding rate of the high-speed routers with the commercially available CPU, RAM, and cache memories. Through our experiments, we show the effects of parameters of the cache structure on the processing rate of the packet classification.
Continuous-wave operation of 489.9 nm blue laser diode at room temperature (1993)

At room temperature (296 K), continuous-wave (CW) operation of a blue laser diode has been achieved. The emission wavelength is 489.9 nm, and the threshold current and voltage is 93 mA (1.5 kA/cm2) and 6.3 V, respectively. The laser consists of a ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe single-quantum-well (SQW) separate-confinement heterostructure (SCH).
Light scattering by lungs correlates with stereological measurements (1985)

The pattern of light backscattered by lung tissue should depend strongly on the size of air spaces and equivalently on the internal surface area of the lung. To verify and apply this, we shone a laser beam into excised lungs through the pleural surface and measured the backscattered light surrounding the beam with a focused photodetector. The intensity, I, fell off as a function of distance, r, from the point of entry of light. The configurations of I(r) curves corresponded closely to theory over a 3-decade range of I. I(r) changed systematically with lung volume. The optical mean free path, lambda, was calculated from I(r) curves in a series of canine lobes fixed immediately after optical scanning and was compared with stereological measurement of mean linear intercept, Lm, an index of alveolar size. At high lung volumes the relation of lambda to Lm was consistent with reflection by alveolar septa. At lower lung volumes there appeared to be, additionally, a substantial refractive component. This technique is independent of current stereological methods and has the advantages of being noninvasive, continuous, and potentially applicable to dynamic events in unfixed lungs.
Preparation and Properties of Bacterial Cellulose/Alginate Blend Bio-Fibers (2011)

LiOH/urea/thiourea aqueous systems have been successfully applied to the dissolution of bacterial cellulose (BC) and alginate (AL) to prepare blend fibers. Morphology, compatibility and mechanical properties of the blend fibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tensile tests. The analyses indicated a good miscibility between alginate and bacterial cellulose, because of the strong interaction from the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties of BC/AL blend fibers were significantly improved by introducing bacterial cellulose.
An edge element for boundary element method using vector variables (1992)

An edge element for a boundary element method using vector variables is proposed. The tangential component of the unknown variable on the boundary surface is approximated by a vector interpolation function on the edge element. The proposed edged element is introduced into a boundary element method using magnetic flux density and electric field as unknown vector variables. In the boundary element method, unknown variables are reduced to only the tangential components of magnetic flux density and electric field. The applicability of the proposed method was verified by computation results for the benchmark model of the IEE of Japan for three-dimensional eddy current problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>