gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Machine Learning Method for Commonsense Reasoning? A Short Commentary on Trinh & Le (2018). (2018)

This is a short Commentary on Trinh & Le (2018) ("A Simple Method for Commonsense Reasoning") that outlines three serious flaws in the cited paper and discusses why data-driven approaches cannot be considered as serious models for the commonsense reasoning needed in natural language understanding in general, and in reference resolution, in particular.
Next generation of small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease (2016)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major entities: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).1 Both are chronic, progressive, disabling conditions that require lifelong medical treatment in most cases. IBD has a major impact on the patient's health-related quality of life,2 and the treatment-related costs place a significant burden on healthcare systems.3

Historically, the medical management of IBD has been based on the use of several small-molecule drugs (SMDs), including corticosteroids, immunomodulators (such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate) and aminosalicylates.4 The introduction of biologic anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) agents in the first few years of this century has revolutionised the clinical management of IBD. In parallel, treatment goals have shifted from symptomatic control towards more objective endpoints (such as mucosal healing and deep remission) associated with better long-term outcomes.5 ,6 Over the past 20 years, drug research in the field of IBD has focused on the development of new, large-molecule biologics; hence, several anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibodies (including infliximab,7 ,8 adalimumab,9 ,10 certolizumab pegol,11 ,12 and golimumab)13 and, most recently, antibodies with other targets (such as vedolizumab14 ,15 and ustekinumab)16 have become available in clinical practice.

However, monoclonal antibodies have limitations in terms of efficacy, safety and cost. First, the available biologics are only moderately efficacious17 since up to 30% of patients show a lack of improvement after induction therapy with anti-TNF drugs (ie, primary non-response).18 Furthermore, a significant proportion of patients (between 13% and 25% per year)19–21 may develop a loss of response to anti-TNF agents over time (ie, secondary non-response).20 ,21 This loss of response may be due to pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and/or immunogenic factors.22 Combination therapy is the best way to prevent the formation of antibodies,23 which …
The major human urinary trypsin inhibitor is a proteoglycan (1986)

The major urinary trypsin inhibitor (Mr 44 000), isolated from human urine, contains 35% carbohydrate. In addition to N-acetylglucosamine and neutral sugars (primarily mannose and galactose), the carbohydrate moiety contains hexuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine and corresponds to a glycosaminoglycan. This carbohydrate chain is an integral component of the inhibitor: it does not dissociate from the inhibitor when using dissociative conditions such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, guanidinium chloride, or by increasing ionic strength or mixing with cetylpyridinium chloride. This glycosaminoglycan chain is sensitive to chondroitinase ABC or testicular hyaluronidase digestion and corresponds to slightly sulfated chondroitin 4-sulfate or 6-sulfate. After treatment by these enzymes, the urinary inhibitor has a lower molecular mass (Mr 26 000) but still inhibits trypsin.
Evaluation of Alginate coated Chitosan Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration (2005)

Chitosan membranes prepared by a thermal induced phase separation method and then alginate was coated onto the membrane on one side by a modified dialysis apparatus to prepare alginate/chitosan membranes (A/C membranes). ESCA analysis, SEM observation and contact angle measurements were conducted to evaluate the differences existed in the surface properties. Besides, mechanical strength, degradation behavior and especially, cell adhesion test was also examined to survey the feasibility of using this type of A/C membrane in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) application. The preliminary results obtained revealed that alginate could effectively be coated onto the chitosan membrane (from ESCA and SEM results). The contact angle decreased on the alginate side as compared with the chitosan-side (from 88.4deg to 34.2deg). The A/C membrane had a water higher content of 71.8 % as compare with the chitosan membrane (61.8%). Chitosan membranes coated with alginate also increased the Young's modulus and the ultimate strength, whereas, the elongation of these membranes were remained at the same range. A/C membrane and chitosan membrane prepared in this study degraded to about 75% of initial weight after a 30-day in vitro shaking test. The 3T3 fibroblast cells showed less adhesive on alginate side as compared with the chitosan side and glass surface in cell adhesion test. The obtained results from this study suggested that the alginate molecules could be coated onto the chitosan membrane by our modified dialysis apparatus and provided a different surface morphological structures and properties of chitosan membrane. This A/C membrane could provide extra benefits and potentials than chitosan membrane used in GTR applications.
Inhibition of the Thioredoxin-dependent Activation of the NADP-malate Dehydrogenase and Cofactor Specificity (2000)

The chloroplastic NADP-malate dehydrogenase is activated by reduction of its N- and C-terminal disulfides by reduced thioredoxin. The activation is inhibited by NADP(+), the oxidized form of the cofactor. Previous studies suggested that the C-terminal disulfide was involved in this process. Recent structural data pointed toward a possible direct interaction between the C terminus of the oxidized enzyme and the cofactor. In the present study, the relationship between the cofactor specificity for catalysis and for inhibition of activation has been investigated by changing the cofactor specificity of the enzyme by substitution of selected residues of the cofactor-binding site. An NAD-specific thiol-regulated MDH was engineered. Its activation was inhibited by NAD(+) but no longer by NADP(+). These results demonstrate that the oxidized cofactor is bound at the same site as the reduced cofactor and support the idea of a direct interaction between the negatively charged C-terminal end of the enzyme and the positively charged nicotinamide ring of the cofactor, in agreement with the structural data. The structural requirements for cofactor specificity are modeled and discussed.
Breast cancer : atlas of clinical oncology (2000)

Genetics, Natural History, and DNA-Based Genetic Counseling in Hereditary Breast Cancer Breast Cancer and Risk Management: Chemoprevention, Surgery and Surveillance Screening and Diagnostic Imaging Image-Directed Breast Biopsy Histopathology of Malignant Breast Disease Unusual Breast Pathology Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Breast Cancer Surgical Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Evaluation and Surgical Management of Stage I and II Breast Cancer Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Breast Reconstruction Adjuvant Systemic Therapy of Early Breast Cancer Breast Cancer and Radiation Therapy Carcinoma of the Breast in Men Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy for Breast Cancer Survivors Surveillance of the Breast Cancer Patient Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Facile large-scale synthesis of coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohol (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile large-scale synthesis of coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcoholStephane. Quideau and John. RalphCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 7, 1108–1110Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00019a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2012Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (323 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Necrotizing fasciitis: pathogenesis and treatment (2005)

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening infection and a true infectious disease emergency. Despite much clinical experience, the management of this disease remains suboptimal, with mortality rates remaining approximately 30%. Necrotizing fasciitis rarely presents with obvious signs and symptoms and delays in diagnosis enhance mortality. Therefore, successful patient care depends on the physician's acumen and index of suspicion. Prompt surgical debridement, intravenous antibiotics, fluid and electrolyte management, and analgesia are mainstays of therapy. Adjunctive clindamycin, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin are frequently employed in the treatment of necrotizing fasciitis, but their efficacy has not been rigorously established. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis has revealed new targets for rationally designed therapies to improve morbidity and mortality.
DALSA: Domain Adaptation for Supervised Learning From Sparsely Annotated MR Images (2015)

We propose a new method that employs transfer learning techniques to effectively correct sampling selection errors introduced by sparse annotations during supervised learning for automated tumor segmentation. The practicality of current learning-based automated tissue classification approaches is severely impeded by their dependency on manually segmented training databases that need to be recreated for each scenario of application, site, or acquisition setup. The comprehensive annotation of reference datasets can be highly labor-intensive, complex, and error-prone. The proposed method derives high-quality classifiers for the different tissue classes from sparse and unambiguous annotations and employs domain adaptation techniques for effectively correcting sampling selection errors introduced by the sparse sampling. The new approach is validated on labeled, multi-modal MR images of 19 patients with malignant gliomas and by comparative analysis on the BraTS 2013 challenge data sets. Compared to training on fully labeled data, we reduced the time for labeling and training by a factor greater than 70 and 180 respectively without sacrificing accuracy. This dramatically eases the establishment and constant extension of large annotated databases in various scenarios and imaging setups and thus represents an important step towards practical applicability of learning-based approaches in tissue classification.
Apoptosis induction resulting from proteasome inhibition (1996)

Proteases are known to be involved in the apoptotic pathway. We report here that benzyloxycarbonyl (Z)-Leu-Leu-leucinal(ZLLLal), a leupeptin analogue, can induce apoptosis in MOLT-4 and L5178Y cells. ZLLLal is a cell-permeant inhibitor of proteasome. Among the protease inhibitors tested, only calpain inhibitor I (acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal) and ZLLLal caused a marked induction of apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells. In contrast Z-Leu-leucinal, a specific inhibitor of calpain, did not induce apoptosis. When MOLT-4 cells were incubated in the presence of ZLLLal, p53 accumulated in the cells. These results strongly suggest that inhibition of proteasome induces p53-dependent apoptosis and that proteasome can protect cell from apoptosis.
John Howe (1924)

John Howe Get access A. H. M. A. H. M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CXLVII, Issue sep06, 6 September 1924, Page 173, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CXLVII.sep06.173c Published: 06 September 1924
Theoretical aspects of motion sensitivity and compensation in echo‐planar imaging (1991)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be performed on or below the time scale of most anatomic motion via echo-planar imaging (EPI) techniques and their derivatives. The goal is to image rapidly and reduce artifacts that typically result from view-to-view changes in the spatial distribution of spins due to motion. However, the required time-dependent magnetic field gradient waveforms remain sensitive to the dephasing effects of motion. Sources of motion artifact are simulated for spins moving along the imaging axes and are shown to be an important source of reduced image quality in EPI. A novel method of EPI is proposed that (a) refocuses single or multiple derivatives of motion at all echoes and (b) prevents accumulation of velocity (or higher derivative)--induced dephasing along the phase-encoding axis by moment nulling all phase-encoding-step waveforms about a single instant of time. Theoretical EPI sequences with considerable reductions in ghosts, blurring, and signal loss due to motion sensitivity are produced and compared with other EPI methods. Their time efficiency is presented as a function of available (relative) gradient strength for a variety of sequence waveforms.
Plant Molecular Biology (1991)

Plant Molecular Biology Get access S. Covey S. Covey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 42, Issue supp1, May 1991, Pages 34–52, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jxb.a090775 Published: 01 May 1991
THE RADIO FREQUENCY ACCELERATING SYSTEM FOR THE BROOKHAVEN ALTERNATING GRADIENT SYNCHROTRON (1960)

The proton beam in the AGS is accelerated to its final energy of 30 Bev by means of a r-f accelerating system. The particles are injected into the machine at an energy of 50 Mev at which time they are traveling at one-third the velocity of light. At 30 Bev they are essentially moving with light velocity, necessitating an accelerating system which can stay in synchronism with the particles as their revolution frequency varies by a factor of three. The frequency range covered is 1.40 to 4.5 mc/sec. A low-level r-f system detects the correct frequency from the beam itself, corrects the phase so that the particles are accelerated properly and in turn drives a central driver amplifier. This unit is an eight-stage broad-band video amplifier capable of delivering an output of 80 kw. This driver feeds 12 accelerating stations, each consisting of a 25-kw push-pull amplifier and a tuned ferrite-loaded accelerating cavity. The cavity is kept continuously tuned by means of a saturating current used to vary the ferrite permeability. The saturating supply utilizes a transistor amplifier capable of delivering and controlling 1000 amp. It is a portion of a closed tuning loop which ensures that the load onmore » the final amplifier is kept at resonance. Owing to the frequency change by a factor of three to one, it was necessary to develop a means to correct for the incremental phase shift inherent in the thousands of feet of coaxial cable required for the system. In addition, amplifiers had to be built which would automatically tune to a desired varying frequency in the output of a mixer circuit where the sum frequency difference frequency, and one of the input frequencies were all relatively close together. These circuits are described. (auth)« less
Study of Supporting Sequences in DBMSs -- Data Model, Query Language, and Storage Management (1998)

Many real life applications require data that are inherently sequential. Sequential data exist in many domains such as temporal databases, execution monitors, trigger mechanisms, and list processing. Traditional database systems did not pay special attention to sequence data, which resulted in tedious query expression and bad performance. This report summarizes recent research on supporting sequence data in DBMSs, covering issues such as data model, query language, query optimization, and storage management. The sequence database system SEQ is described.
Ifosfamide in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1996)

Ifosfamide has been used extensively for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). This review is limited to published series in which 30 or more evaluable patients were treated in a prospective, uniform fashion either with ifosfamide alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Studies in which ifosfamide was used solely as part of a high-dose chemotherapy preparative regimen with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation are not included. Three different applications of ifosfamide are addressed: (1) ifosfamide as a single agent and in combination chemotherapy for patients with previously treated NHL, (2) ifosfamide in combination chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed, aggressive NHL; and (3) ifosfamide in combination chemotherapy as consolidation for patients with aggressive NHL in first complete remission.
Emergency flight control using only engine thrust and lateral center-of-gravity offset - A first look (1997)

Normally, the damage that results in a total loss of the primary flight controls of a jet transport airplane, including all engines on one side, would be catastrophic. In response, NASA Dryden has conceived an emergency flight control system that uses only the thrust of a wing-mounted engine along with a lateral center-of-gravity (CGY) offset from fuel transfer. Initial analysis and simulation studies indicate that such a system works, and recent high-fidelity simulation tests on the MD-11 and B-747 suggest that the system provides enough control for a survivable landing. This paper discusses principles of flight control using only a wing engine thrust and CGY offset, along with the amount of CGY offset capability of some transport airplanes. The paper also presents simulation results of the throttle-only control capability and closed-loop control of ground track using computer-controlled thrust.
Sunrise/sunset thermal shock disturbance analysis and simulation forthe TOPEX satellite (1990)

It is shown here that during normal on-orbit operations the TOPEX low-earth orbiting satellite is subjected to an impulsive disturbance torque caused by rapid heating of its solar array when entering and exiting the earth's shadow. Error budgets and simulation results are used to demonstrate that this sunrise/sunset torque disturbance is the dominant Normal Mission Mode (NMM) attitude error source. The detailed thermomechanical modeling, analysis, and simulation of this torque is described, and the predicted on-orbit performance of the NMM attitude control system in the face of the sunrise/sunset disturbance is presented. The disturbance results in temporary attitude perturbations that exceed NMM pointing requirements. However, they are below the maximum allowable pointing error which would cause the radar altimeter to break lock.
Grounded load complementary FET circuits: Sceptre analysis (1973)

The performance of grounded load complementary MOS circuits has been evaluated. It has been found that a very significant improvement in performance and reduction in circuit-area might be achieved by employing grounded load devices in portions of a system employing large-scale integrated CMOS circuits.
Dorsal root ganglia and nerve growth factor: A model for understanding the mechanism of GM<sub>1</sub> effects on neuronal repair (1984)

The experimental strategy of adding monosialoganglioside GM1 to a culture medium of fetal chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was utilized as a model system in which to examine the potential role of GM1 in modulation of neuronal cell responsiveness to nerve growth factor (NGF). Data indicate that the addition of GM1 to DRG explants or to DRG dissociated neuronal cells in culture enhances NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, neurite complexity, and neuronal cell survival following NGF withdrawal. The GM1 molecule apparently facilitates the acquisition or maintenance of the NGF-induced specific neuronal properties. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of GM1 molecules on the neuronal cell surface, either endogenous or following stable insertion of exogenous molecules, plays a prominent role in the modulation of functional neuronal cell behavior in response to varying neuronotrophic signals. This may prove to be relevant for the comprehension of GM1 effects on the facilitation of central nervous system repair processes.
Bandwidth efficient differential phase shift keying (PSK) techniques for TDMA applications (2003)

A class of bandwidth efficient differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signals is presented, and their performance is analyzed. Compact bandwidth, constant envelope, fast demodulation, and nonredundant forward-error-correction properties make the proposed signals attractive for TDMA (time-division multiaccess) applications such as point-to-multipoint radio systems, mobile communications, and others. DPSK demodulation can be made insensitive to the carrier-frequency drift, so that it is suitable to Doppler and slow-fading environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rheological behavior of oligomeric ionomers (2008)

The rheological behavior of the alkali metal salts of oligomeric sulfonated polystyrene (PS) ionomers was characterized using dynamic and steady shear measurements. The starting PS had a weight average molecular weight of 4000g∕mol and a narrow molecular weight distribution (1.06). Two sulfonation levels were examined, 2.5 and 4.8mol%, which corresponded, respectively, to one and two sulfonate groups per chain on average. The ionomers exhibited nanophase separation of an ion-rich phase, and as a consequence, time-temperature superposition failed for all samples. Sulfonation increased the melt viscosity of the ionomers, as much as seven orders of magnitude. The zero shear viscosity scaled as cq∕a, where c was the concentration of the ionic groups, q was the charge of the cation, and a was the cation radius, and although the molecular weight of the parent polystyrene was much lower than the entanglement molecular weight, the ionomer melts exhibited strong elastic behavior. The flow activation energy of the ionomers was similar to that of high molecular weight PS and the calculated molecular weight between “entanglements” of the ionomers was the same as for PS.
Transgene analysis proves mRNA trans-splicing at the complex <i>mod(mdg4)</i> locus in <i>Drosophila</i> (2001)

The Drosophila BTB domain containing gene mod(mdg4) produces a large number of protein isoforms combining a common N-terminal region of 402 aa with different C termini. We have deduced the genomic structure of this complex locus and found that at least seven of the mod(mdg4) isoforms are encoded on both of its antiparallel DNA strands, suggesting the generation of mature mRNAs by trans-splicing. In transgenic assays, we demonstrate the ability of Drosophila to produce mod(mdg4) mRNAs by trans-splicing of pre-mRNAs generated from transgenes inserted at distant chromosomal positions. Furthermore, evidence is presented for occurring of trans-splicing of mod(mdg4)-specific exons encoded by the parallel DNA strand. The mod(mdg4) locus represents a new type of complex gene structure in which genetic complexity is resolved by extensive trans-splicing, giving important implications for genome sequencing projects. Demonstration of naturally occurring trans-splicing in the model organism Drosophila opens new experimental approaches toward an analysis of the underlying mechanisms.