gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radicals in Fuel Cell Membranes: Mechanisms of Formation and Ionomer Attack (2011)

Radical intermediates formed during polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) operation cause degradation of the proton exchange membrane. Generation and decay of the radicals HO•, H•, and HOO• in the membrane was simulated based on a kinetic framework with H2O2 as precursor. The degradation of the PFSA membrane was assumed to proceed via end-group attack. Two chemical environments were considered, a fuel cell test and an ex situ Fenton test. It was found that the reaction pathways and corresponding radical concentrations differ considerably. In particular, no H• is formed in a Fenton test due to the absence of H2. The influence of the concentration of Fe-ion impurities and end-groups on the radical concentration and rate of ionomer attack was studied. The calculated fluoride emission rate shows fairly good agreement with experimental results reported in the literature.
Education and Legal Education (1969)

President Levi's speech, given at the celebration of the opening of the University of Pennsylvania's Law School building. He discusses what he sees as the "leisurely pace" of education, and his concern about the impact a longer-term education will have on society. He then speaks specifically about law school education, asking whether law school should be two years, whether law schools should require a four-year undergraduate education, and whether law school should be shifted to an undergraduate degree program. Ending positively, President Levi praises law schools -- but warns them of the need for flexible adaptation to the demands of the future.
Increased Thymic Output after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Children in the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 5 Trial (2002)

To investigate the thymic contribution to immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy (ART), T cell receptor gene rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD4 cells from 33 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected children monitored for 96 weeks after ART initiation. Baseline TREC levels were associated positively with baseline CD4 cell percentage and inversely with age and HIV-1 RNA load. During therapy, TREC level changes in PBMC and CD4 cells were fairly comparable. TREC level changes were inversely related to baseline CD4 cell percentage and positively associated with CD4 cell percentage increases, the main source being naive CD4 cells. TREC changes were independent of age and baseline HIV-1 RNA load; however, HIV-1 suppression was independently associated with smaller TREC changes. Thymic output appears to be the main source of CD4 cell repopulation in children receiving ART. Recovery of thymic function is independent of age and influenced by the status of peripheral CD4 cell depletion and HIV-1 suppression.
Steady-State Modeling and Testing of a Micro Heat Pipe (1990)

A combined experimental and analytical investigation was conducted to identify and understand better the phenomena that govern the performance limitations and operating characteristics of micro heat pipes—heat pipes so small that the mean curvature of the vapor—liquid interface is comparable in magnitude to the reciprocal of the hydraulic radius of the flow channel. The analytical portion of the investigation began with the development of a steady-state model in which the effects of the extremely small characteristic dimensions on the conventional steady-state heat pipe modeling techniques were examined. In the experimental portion of the investigation, two micro heat pipes, one copper and one silver, 1 mm2 in cross-sectional area and 57 mm in length, were evaluated experimentally to determine the accuracy of the steady-state model and to provide verification of the micro heat pipe concept. Tests were conducted in a vacuum environment to eliminate conduction and convection losses. The steady-state experimental results obtained were compared with the analytical model and were found to predict accurately the experimentally determined maximum heat transport capacity for an operating temperature range of 40° C to 60° C. A detailed description of the methodology used in the development of the steady-state model along with a comparison of the predicted and experimental results are presented.
Statin Prevents Tissue Factor Expression in Human Endothelial Cells (2002)

Endothelial tissue factor induction by thrombin is regulated by Rho/Rho-kinase, Akt, and p38 MAP kinase. Simvastatin prevents its induction through inhibition of Rho/Rho-kinase and activation of Akt. These findings provide new insights into the action of statins in acute coronary syndromes.
Oracle media server framework (2002)

The oracle media server framework provides distributed object-oriented access to new media data and services over a wide range of client-server networks. This framework is built on the oracle media server which has complete support for all new media data types, including audio, video, images, and text; as well as the more conventional relational data types. Oracle media net provides a network independent substrate on which a lightweight object request broker is built.
Massively parallel rRNA gene sequencing exacerbates the potential for biased community diversity comparisons due to variable library sizes (2011)

Technologies for massively parallel sequencing are revolutionizing microbial ecology and are vastly increasing the scale of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene studies. Although pyrosequencing has increased the breadth and depth of possible rRNA gene sampling, one drawback is that the number of reads obtained per sample is difficult to control. Pyrosequencing libraries typically vary widely in the number of sequences per sample, even within individual studies, and there is a need to revisit the behaviour of richness estimators and diversity indices with variable gene sequence library sizes. Multiple reports and review papers have demonstrated the bias in non-parametric richness estimators (e.g. Chao1 and ACE) and diversity indices when using clone libraries. However, we found that biased community comparisons are accumulating in the literature. Here we demonstrate the effects of sample size on Chao1, ACE, CatchAll, Shannon, Chao-Shen and Simpson's estimations specifically using pyrosequencing libraries. The need to equalize the number of reads being compared across libraries is reiterated, and investigators are directed towards available tools for making unbiased diversity comparisons.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chiral P,N‐Ferrocene Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Challenge of HIV-1 Subtype Diversity (2008)

HIV-1 has evolved multiple mechanisms to elude immune control. The view of virus as classifiable into distinct subtypes needs to reflect the reality of the constant emergence of new strains. This review discusses the implications of subtype diversity in HIV-1 for possible differential rates of disease progression, responses to antiretroviral therapy (including the development of resistance), and vaccine development.
The gene coding for PGC-1α modifies age at onset in Huntington's Disease (2009)

Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most common autosomal dominant inherited, neurodegenerative disorders. It is characterized by progressive motor, emotional and cognitive dysfunction. In addition metabolic abnormalities such as wasting and altered energy expenditure are increasingly recognized as clinical hallmarks of the disease. HD is caused by an unstable CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene (HTT), localized on chromosome 4p16.3. The number of CAG repeats in the HD gene is the main predictor of disease-onset, but the remaining variation is strongly heritable. Transcriptional dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that PGC-1alpha, a transcriptional master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, is defective in HD. A genome wide search for modifier genes of HD age-of-onset had suggested linkage at chromosomal region 4p16-4p15, near the locus of PPARGC1A, the gene coding for PGC-1alpha. We now present data of 2-loci PPARGC1A block 2 haplotypes, showing an effect upon age-at-onset in 447 unrelated HD patients after statistical consideration of CAG repeat lengths in both HTT alleles. Block 1 haplotypes were not associated with the age-at-onset. Homozygosity for the 'protective' block 2 haplotype was associated with a significant delay in disease onset. To our knowledge this is the first study to show clinically relevant effects of the PGC-1alpha system on the course of Huntington's disease in humans.
Development of a SMA high performance robotic actuator (1991)

A prototype of a high performance robotic actuator, based on shape memory alloys (SMA), is proposed. Starting from detailed knowledge about the material behaviour, the most suitable way of heating and cooling is proposed. Furthermore an 'optimal' shape of the active element is determined and a control method based on simulation of the (T, sigma , epsilon ) behaviour is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A signal recovery algorithm for sparse matrix based compressed sensing (2011)

We have developed an approximate signal recovery algorithm with low computational cost for compressed sensing on the basis of randomly constructed sparse measurement matrices. The law of large numbers and the central limit theorem suggest that the developed algorithm saturates the Donoho-Tanner weak threshold for the perfect recovery when the matrix becomes as dense as the signal size $N$ and the number of measurements $M$ tends to infinity keep $α=M/N \sim O(1)$, which is supported by extensive numerical experiments. Even when the numbers of non-zero entries per column/row in the measurement matrices are limited to $O(1)$, numerical experiments indicate that the algorithm can still typically recover the original signal perfectly with an $O(N)$ computational cost per update as well if the density $ρ$ of non-zero entries of the signal is lower than a certain critical value $ρ_{\rm th}(α)$ as $N,M \to \infty$.
Toward a new constraint imperative programming language for interactive graphics (2016)

To construct interactive graphics such as graphical user interfaces and interactive webpages is an important matter in computer programming. For this purpose, imperative programming usually has been used. On the other hand, researchers have been attempting to apply constraint programming to interactive graphics. Furthermore, the paradigm of constraint imperative programming has been proposed. This position paper reports our ongoing work on P5CP, a new constraint imperative programming language for interactive graphics. To integrate imperative and constraint programming, we adopt the notion of events in imperative programming and the notion of guards in concurrent constraint programming. We show a simple example program in this language.
Construction and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa protein F-deficient mutants after in vitro and in vivo insertion mutagenesis of the cloned gene (1988)

Mutants with insertion mutations in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa protein F (oprF) gene were created in vivo by Tn1 mutagenesis of the cloned gene in Escherichia coli and in vitro by insertion of the streptomycin resistance-encoding omega fragment into the cloned gene, followed by transfer of the mutated protein F gene back to P. aeruginosa. Homologous recombination into the P. aeruginosa chromosome was driven by a bacteriophage F116L transduction method in the oprF::Tn1 mutants or Tn5-instability in the oprF::omega mutants. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting demonstrated that the resultant oprF insertion mutants had lost protein F, whereas restriction digestion and Southern blotting experiments proved that the mutants contained a single chromosomal oprF gene with either Tn1 or omega inserted into it. It has been proposed that protein F has a role in antibiotic uptake in P. aeruginosa. Measurement of antibiotic resistance levels showed small to marginal increases in resistance, compared with that of the parent P. aeruginosa strain, to a variety of beta-lactam antibiotics. Protein F-deficient mutants had altered barrier properties as revealed by a three- to fivefold increase in the uptake of the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine.
Text-Independent Speaker Verification Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

In this paper, a novel method using 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) architecture has been proposed for speaker verification in the text-independent setting. One of the main challenges is the creation of the speaker models. Most of the previously-reported approaches create speaker models based on averaging the extracted features from utterances of the speaker, which is known as the d-vector system. In our paper, we propose an adaptive feature learning by utilizing the 3D-CNN s for direct speaker model creation in which, for both development and enrollment phases, an identical number of spoken utterances per speaker is fed to the network for representing the speakers' utterances and creation of the speaker model. This leads to simultaneously capturing the speaker-related information and building a more robust system to cope with within-speaker variation. We demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the traditional d-vector verification system. Moreover, the proposed system can also be an alternative to the traditional d-vector system which is a one-shot speaker modeling system by utilizing 3D-CNNs.
Unravelling the C <sub>3</sub> /C <sub>4</sub> carbon metabolism in <i>Ralstonia eutropha</i> H16 (2009)

An increased knowledge of the enzymes mediating between C(3) and C(4) intermediates in R. eutropha will facilitate metabolic engineering.
SENSOR-ASSISTED ADAPTIVE MOTOR CONTROL UNDER CONTINUOUSLY VARYING CONTEXT (2007)

Abstract: Adaptive motor control under continuously varying context, like the inertia parameters of a manipulated object, is an active research area that lacks a satisfactory solution. Here, we present and compare three novel strategies for learning control under varying context and show how adding tactile sensors may ease this task. The first strategy uses only dynamics information to infer the unknown inertia parameters. It is based on a probabilistic generative model of the control torques, which are linear in the inertia parameters. We demonstrate this inference in the special case of a single continuous context variable – the mass of the manipulated object. In the second strategy, instead of torques, we use tactile forces to infer the mass in a similar way. Finally, the third strategy omits this inference – which may be infeasible if the latent space is multi-dimensional – and directly maps the state, state transitions, and tactile forces onto the control torques. The additional tactile input implicitly contains all control-torque relevant properties of the manipulated object. In simulation, we demonstrate that this direct mapping can provide accurate control torques under multiple varying context variables. 1
Radiation‐induced skin cancer in humans* (2001)

The principal epidemiologic studies of ionizing radiation and skin cancer have all shown that radiation causes basal cell carcinoma but have not found dose-related excesses of squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma. The Japanese atomic bomb study indicates that doses of radiation under about 1 Gy confer less risk per unit dose than higher doses do. All available studies show that skin cancer risk is greater from radiation exposure at young ages than at older ages. Finding few excess skin cancers among irradiated African-Americans as compared to Caucasians with a comparable dose indicates that skin susceptibility to ultraviolet exposure modifies the excess risk from ionizing radiation. Available evidence indicates that the excess risk of skin cancer lasts for 45 years or more following irradiation. Several studies indicate a risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) following cancer therapy; however, most of the studies reporting on NMSC have not distinguished between patients who received radiotherapy versus chemotherapy. Some, but not all, follow-up studies of cancer patients have reported excesses of malignant melanoma as second malignant neoplasms. It is not clear from the studies how much, if any, of the excess melanoma risk is attributable to radiotherapy.
A randomised clinical study to determine the effect of a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins on plaque oral microbiome ecology (2017)

The numerous species that make up the oral microbiome are now understood to play a key role in establishment and maintenance of oral health. The ability to taxonomically identify community members at the species level is important to elucidating its diversity and association to health and disease. We report the overall ecological effects of using a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins compared to a control toothpaste on the plaque microbiome. The results reported here demonstrate that a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins can augment natural salivary defences to promote an overall community shift resulting in an increase in bacteria associated with gum health and a concomitant decrease in those associated with periodontal disease. Statistical analysis shows significant increases in 12 taxa associated with gum health including Neisseria spp. and a significant decrease in 10 taxa associated with periodontal disease including Treponema spp. The results demonstrate that a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins can significantly shift the ecology of the oral microbiome (at species level) resulting in a community with a stronger association to health.
A statistical approach to URL-based web page clustering (2012)

Most web page classifiers use features from the page content, which means that it has to be downloaded to be classified. We propose a technique to cluster web pages by means of their URL exclusively. In contrast to other proposals, we analyze features that are outside the page, hence, we do not need to download a page to classify it. Also, it is non-supervised, requiring little intervention from the user. Furthermore, we do not need to crawl extensively a site to build a classifier for that site, but only a small subset of pages. We have performed an experiment over 21 highly visited websites to evaluate the performance of our classifier, obtaining good precision and recall results.
Workflow management for high volume supernova search (2009)

Observational astrophysics has recently become a data-intensive science after many decades of relative data poverty. As a result, many of the algorithms developed for processing astronomical data, although well established for low-volume data capture, do not scale well to today's high-volume sky surveys and transient searches. Specifically, problems may occur with data transfer, workflow management, efficient parallelization, and integration of legacy code. Observational astrophysics workflows present computational challenges unique in high performance computing, including 24/7 operations, time-critical processing, and very large numbers of relatively small data files which must all be processed and archived. We present a case study based on Sunfall, a distributed, parallel scientific workflow system we built for the Nearby Supernova Factory, the largest data-volume supernova search currently in existence. We describe innovative techniques for data transfer and workflow management, and discuss lessons learned in building a large-scale observational astrophysics workflow management system.
Pillaring of layered double hydroxides (LDH's) by polyoxometalate anions (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPillaring of layered double hydroxides (LDH's) by polyoxometalate anionsTaehyun. Kwon, George A. Tsigdinos, and Thomas J. PinnavaiaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 11, 3653–3654Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00219a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00219a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1406Altmetric-Citations223LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accumulation of the solvent vehicle sulphobutylether beta cyclodextrin sodium in critically ill patients treated with intravenous voriconazole under renal replacement therapy (2006)

The present data indicate an accumulation of sulphobutylether beta cyclodextrin sodium in patients treated with intravenous voriconazole and dialysis therapy. Fortunately, no toxic effects were observed, although the accumulated dose values were lower but comparable with those used in previous toxicity studies with animals.
Introduction (2001)

This study takes its origins from two impulses. On the one hand, it is common for feminist and most modern biblical scholars to dismiss precritical commentators as also “uncritical” by the standards of today; on the other hand, the author's previous research has consistently found surprisingly pertinent questions and insights among these precritical interpreters. The purpose of this book is therefore to see whether traditional commentators have properly been deemed irrelevant to current discussions of gender and biblical exegesis, or whether they should be recalled and consulted. The introduction also briefly explains the method of the history of exegesis and how it will be applied to this study.