gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switch-Mode Power Supplies Spice Simulations and Practical Designs (2008)

Fully updated to incorporate new SPICE features and capabilities, this practical guide explains, step by step, how to simulate, test, and improve switch-mode power supply designs. Detailed formulas with founding equations are included. Based on the author's continued research and in-depth, hands-on work in the field, this revised resource offers a collection of the latest SPICE solutions to the most difficult problem facing power supply designers: creating smaller, more heat-efficient power supplies in shorter design cycles
Transition-Metal-Free Suzuki-Type Coupling Reactions:  Scope and Limitations of the Methodology (2003)

The scope and limitations of the transition-metal-free Suzuki-type coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids to form biaryls are presented. Confirmation that the reaction is indeed metal-free is presented. The effects of changing base, solvent, reaction temperature, phase-transfer catalyst, and substrate are shown and the implications of these results discussed in terms of their impact on the synthetic versatility of the methodology. The main findings are that the reaction works well for aryl bromides, water is necessary as a solvent for the reaction, the optimum temperature for the reaction is 150 degrees C, the reaction is best performed by using microwave promotion with the exception of an electron-poor aryl bromide example where conventional heating may be used, only limited boronic acids can be used as coupling partners, sodium carbonate is the best base for the reaction, tetrabutylammonium bromide proves to be the best phase-transfer catalyst for the reaction, the reaction is limited to couplings between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids with sp(2)-sp(3) couplings proving ineffective, and NaBPh(4) can be used in the place of phenylboronic acid as a phenylating agent.
New 1200V MOSFET Structure on SO1 with SIPOS Shielding Layer (1998)

In this paper, we have experimentally obtained, for the first time, the 1200V lateral diodes and MOSFETs on SOI. The SO1 structure is characterized by a SIPOS layer inserted between the silicon layer and the buried oxide. It was found that the new SO1 diode breakdown voltage is determined by the conventional bulk pn junction theory and not by Resurf principle.
Synthesis of 2-(Pyridyl)ethylphosphonic Acids and Esters (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-(Pyridyl)ethylphosphonic Acids and EstersELZBIETA MARUSZEWSKA-WIECZORKOWSKA and JAN MICHALSKICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 12, 1886–1889Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01106a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01106a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rosiglitazone Increases Indexes of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Activity in Humans (2005)

Fatty acid desaturases such as steaoryl-CoA desaturase (SCD) convert saturated to unsaturated fatty acids and are involved in lipogenesis. Observational and animal data suggest that SCD-1 activity is related to insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of insulin-sensitizing drugs on SCD gene expression and desaturase activities are unknown in humans. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes and one subject with partial lipodystrophy and diabetes due to dominant-negative mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) gene (P467L) received placebo and rosiglitazone for 3 months. SCD gene expression in adipose tissue was determined in 23 subjects, and in a representative subgroup (n = 10) we assessed fatty acid composition in fasting plasma triglycerides to estimate SCD and delta6- and delta5-desaturase activity, using product-to-precursor indexes. SCD mRNA expression increased by 48% after rosiglitazone (P < 0.01). SCD and delta5-desaturase but not delta6-desaturase activity indexes were increased after rosiglitazone versus placebo (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The change in activity index but not the expression of SCD was associated with improved insulin sensitivity (r = 0.73, P < 0.05). In the P467L PPARgamma carrier, SCD and delta5-desaturase activity indexes were exceptionally low but were restored (52- and 15-fold increases, respectively) after rosiglitazone treatment. This study shows for the first time that rosiglitazone increases SCD activity indexes and gene expression in humans. An increased SCD activity index may reflect increased lipogenesis and might contribute to insulin sensitization by rosiglitazone. The restored SCD activity index after rosiglitazone in PPARgamma mutation supports a pivotal role of PPARgamma function in SCD regulation.
Engineering information integration using object‐oriented mediator technology (2004)

Abstract The mechanical product development process uses many different software systems to virtually simulate the behaviour of a design. The present work deals with flexible and efficient integration using object‐oriented mediator technology that provides transparent access to distributed engineering systems. The use of mediator technology is investigated for semi‐automatically integrating engineering information resident in computer aided design systems with a Common Object Request Broker Architecture based application programming interface. The purpose is to provide engineering analysis applications access to computer aided design system information and computational methods through a declarative query language. We conclude that the use of a declarative query language for developing engineering applications shows great potential in terms of flexibility, development productivity, performance, and ease of use, compared with using a procedural programming language. The work also shows new use of mediator technology, declarative queries, and active rules within engineering information integration that traditionally is accomplished using procedural programming. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure distributed data aggregation in the automatic metering infrastructure of smart grids (2013)

The widespread deployment of Automatic Metering Infrastructures in Smart Grid scenarios rises great concerns about privacy preservation of user-related data, from which detailed information about customer's habits and behaviours can be deduced. Therefore, the users' individual measurements should be aggregated before being provided to External Entities such as utilities, grid managers and third parties. This paper proposes a security architecture for distributed aggregation of smart metering data relying on Gateways placed at the customers' premises, which collect the data generated by local Meters and provide communication and cryptographic capabilities. We propose a secure communication protocol based on multiparty computation aimed at preventing Gateways and External Entities from inferring information about individual data. The routing of information flows can be centralized or it can be performed in a distributed fashion using a protocol similar to Chord.
Relief of severe diabetic truncal pain with mexiletine. (1991)

A 60 year-old Japanese man having a 20-year history of diabetes mellitus presented with truncal neuropathy. The severe pain, especially its nocturnal exacerbation, prevented him from sleeping and eating, resulting in rapid emaciation. However, he recovered from the condition with oral mexiletine, which dramatically controlled the pain.
Microscopic Observation and X‐Ray Diffractometry of Heat/Moisture‐Treated Starch Granules (1994)

Abstract Heat/moisture‐treated potato and corn starch granules were observed by microscopy and X‐ray diffraction patterns were obtained. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the cross section of the heat/moisture‐treated potato and corn starch granules showed a large hollow area about 1/3 of the diameter at the center of the starch granules and a layered structure resembling growth rings. From the X‐ray diagrams it was confirmed that heat/moisture‐treatment caused an alteration from the B‐type in the direction an A‐type structure in potato, whereas corn starch did not change and maintained an A‐type structure. The enzymatic digestibility of heat/moisture‐treated starch was found to be less resistant than that of native starch.
COMPARISON OF HISTOLOGICAL COMPOSITIONS AND APOPTOSIS IN CANINE SPONTANEOUS BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA TREATED WITH ANDROGEN SUPPRESSIVE AGENTS CHLORMADINONE ACETATE AND FINASTERIDE (2001)

Although a similar effect of chlormadinone acetate and finasteride was observed in the induction of prostatic regression and composition of the histological components, the sustained increase in apoptosis was observed only in chlormadinone acetate treated canines. We suggest that different intraprostatic endocrine environments created by chlormadinone acetate or finasteride, which have different intraprostatic testosterone levels and estradiol-to-androgen ratios, may be responsible for the different outcomes in the extent of apoptosis.
Dopamine and Amphetamine Rapidly Increase Dopamine Transporter Trafficking to the Surface: Live-Cell Imaging Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (2009)

Rapid treatment (1 min) of rat striatal synaptosomes with low-dose amphetamine increases surface expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Using mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells, stably transfected with green fluorescent protein-DAT, we demonstrate the real-time substrate-induced rapid trafficking of DAT to the plasma membrane using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Both the physiological substrate, dopamine, and amphetamine began to increase surface DAT within 10 s of drug addition and steadily increased surface DAT until removal 2 min later. The substrate-induced rise in surface DAT was dose-dependent, was blocked by cocaine, and abated after drug removal. Although individual vesicle fusion was not visually detectable, exocytosis of DAT was blocked using both tetanus neurotoxin and botulinum neurotoxin C to cleave soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. Notably, the dopamine-induced increase in surface DAT was cocaine-sensitive but D(2)-receptor independent. TIRFM data were confirmed in human DAT-N2A cells using biotinylation, and similar effects were detected in rat striatal synaptosomes. A specific inhibitor of protein kinase C-beta blocked the substrate-mediated increase in surface DAT in both DAT-N2A cells and rat striatal synaptosomes. These data demonstrate that the physiological substrate, dopamine, and amphetamine rapidly increase the trafficking of DAT to the surface by a mechanism dependent on SNARE proteins and protein kinase C-beta but independent of dopamine D(2) receptor activation. Importantly, this study suggests that the reuptake system is poised to rapidly increase its function during dopamine secretion to tightly regulate dopaminergic neurotransmission.
Natural killer-mediated lysis of normal and malignant target cells, and its regulation by monocytes. (1985)

After depletion of monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells were partially purified from peripheral blood by Percoll density gradient sedimentation. The NK cells were then cultured for 1 d and assayed for their cytotoxicity against various types of normal and malignant target cells. All types of target cells tested were found to be susceptible to NK cells. The susceptible targets were autologous T and B lymphocytes, mitogen-induced T and B blasts, monocytes, large granular lymphocytes, autologous or allogeneic lymphoma and leukemia cells isolated from patients, and cultured cell lines, including those resistant to interferon-activated lymphocytes. Such a broad spectrum of cytotoxicity was demonstrated in 1 d of culture, and freshly prepared NK cells were not cytotoxic, or, if anything, were less cytotoxic. Monocytes and their supernatants, added throughout the course of culture, markedly inhibited the development of their cytotoxicity. These results may suggest that, although NK cells having ability to lyse autologous normal and malignant target cells are present in vivo, their lytic activity is regulated by coexisting monocytes.
Study of groove nonradiative dielectric waveguide (1989)

We present the results of a study of a new type of dielectric waveguide, the groove nonradiative dielectric (GNRD) waveguide. Theoretical studies and experimental investigation have been used to characterise this groove dielectric configuration, which appears most promising for millimetre-wave circuit applications.
Regulation of Limbic Motor Seizures by GABA and Glutamate Transmission in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (1999)

Our results demonstrate that an increase in GABA transmission or a decrease in glutamate transmission in the rat mNTS reduces susceptibility to limbic motor seizures. This suggests that inhibition of mNTS outputs enhances seizure resistance in the forebrain and provides a potential mechanism for the seizure protection obtained with vagal stimulation.
Modeling and Incorporation of System Response Functions in 3D Whole Body PET (2005)

Appropriate application of spatially variant system models can correct for degraded resolution response and mispositioning errors. This work explores the detector blurring component of the system model for a whole body PET system and extends this factor into a more general system response function to account for other system non-idealities such as the influence of FORE rebinning. We model the system response function as a 3 dimensional function that blurs in the radial and axial dimension and is spatially variant in radial location. This function is derived from Monte Carlo simulations and incorporates inter-crystal scatter, crystal penetration, and the blurring due to FORE rebinning. The improved system model is applied in a modified OSEM algorithm to reconstruct FORE rebinned, fully 3D PET data into images with improved resolution and quantitative accuracy.
UV‐activated hydrosilylation: a facile approach for synthesis of hyperbranched polycarbosilanes (2009)

Abstract A facile approach for synthesis of hyperbranched polycarbosilane from AB 2 monomer via UV‐activated hydrosilylation is presented in this communication. The polymerization process was monitored using real‐time FTIR spectroscopy and the resulting hyperbranched polycarbosilanes were characterized using 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, 29 Si‐NMR and SEC/MALLS. It is found that hyperbranched polycarbosilane can be synthesized from methyldiallylsilane via UV‐activated hydrosilylation with bis(acetylacetonato)platinum(II) as catalyst. The polymerization activated by UV irradiation was much faster than that under thermal conditions. The similar degree of branching, average number of branch units and the exponent of the Mark–Houwink equation demonstrate that the hyperbranched polycarbosilane synthesized via UV‐activated polyhydrosilylation possesses almost the same branching structure as that synthesized via thermal‐activated polyhydrosilylation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular Prostaglandin E2 Production by Membrane-bound Prostaglandin E Synthase-2 via Both Cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (2003)

Current evidence suggests that two forms of prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (PGES), cytosolic PGES and membrane-bound PGES (mPGES) -1, preferentially lie downstream of cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2, respectively, in the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we examined the expression and functional aspects of the third PGES enzyme, mPGES-2, in mammalian cells and tissues. mPGES-2 was synthesized as a Golgi membrane-associated protein, and spontaneous cleavage of the N-terminal hydrophobic domain led to the formation of a truncated mature protein that was distributed in the cytosol with a trend to be enriched in the perinuclear region. In several cell lines, mPGES-2 promoted PGE2 production via both COX-1 and COX-2 in the immediate and delayed responses with modest COX-2 preference. In contrast to the marked inducibility of mPGES-1, mPGES-2 was constitutively expressed in various cells and tissues and was not increased appreciably during tissue inflammation or damage. Interestingly, a considerable elevation of mPGES-2 expression was observed in human colorectal cancer. Collectively, mPGES-2 is a unique PGES that can be coupled with both COXs and may play a role in the production of the PGE2 involved in both tissue homeostasis and disease.
Motor design slip performance on cyclic loads (1990)

Cyclic loads such as eccentric pumping units cause a varying torque on the driver. Determination of the most efficient induction motor for the load is discussed. Ultrahigh-slip motors as well as NEMA (National Electric Manufacturers Association) design motors are evaluated. Comparisons of operating costs and investments are presented. The following is concluded: (1) any motor design will work on a pumping unit; (2) the motor must be carefully sized to provide minimum operating cost; (3) the lowest operating cost and the least investment come from the motors with the least slip; (4) the lower-slip motors cause an increase in peak torque on the unit; and (5) an accurate computer model with an easy-to-use program that allows what-if options is highly desirable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 3.3 V 16 Mbit DRAM-compatible flash memory (2002)

A new 16 Mb (1 Mbit/spl times/16) flash memory on a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process has been designed, that combines the high-speed code execution capabilities of DRAM with nonvolatile, high-density, updatable code storage of flash memory, thus replacing the traditional redundant memory paradigm with one cost-effective solution. This solution eliminates the need to shadow code from nonvolatile memory to DRAM, thus enabling design of direct-execute code and mass storage memory systems, while the fully DRAM-compatible interface allows glueless design with existing DRAM controllers.
Progress and Prospects of Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamide–Fluorophore Conjugates as Sequence‐Selective DNA Probes (2012)

Recently, the versatility of N-methylpyrrole (Py)-N-methylimidazole (Im) polyamide conjugates, which have been developed from the DNA-binding antibiotics distamycin A and netropsin, has been shown. These synthetic small molecules can permeate cells to bind with duplex DNA in a sequence-specific manner, and hence can influence gene expression in vivo. Accordingly, several reports demonstrating the sequence specificity and biological activity of Py-Im polyamides have accumulated. However, the benefits of Py-Im polyamides, in particular those conjugated with fluorophores, has been overlooked. Moreover, clear directions for the employment of these attractive artificial small molecules have not yet been shown. Here, we present a detailed overview of the current and prospective applications of Py-Im polyamide-fluorophore conjugates, including sequence-specific recognition with fluorescence emission properties, and their potential roles in biological imaging.
Effects of primary spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature on the focusing of ultrashort pulses: Gaussian illumination and experiment (2011)

We analyze the spatiotemporal intensity of Gaussian temporal envelope pulses with initial durations of 200 fs and a carrier wavelength of 810 nm at the paraxial focal plane of an achromatic doublet lens for a well-collimated incoming pulse beam by using the Seidel aberration theory for thin lenses with the stop at the lens. We analyze the effect of these aberrations in the focusing of ultrashort pulses for Gaussian illumination and present experimental results for 200 fs pulses focused by a near-IR achromatic doublet.
Microwave and millimetre wave sensors for crack detection (2008)

ABSTRACT Non‐destructive detection and evaluation of stress‐induced fatigue cracks in metals is an important practical issue in several critical environments including surface transportation (steel bridges, railroad tracks, railroad car wheels, etc.), aerospace transportation (aircraft fuselage, landing gears, etc.) and power plants (steam generator tubings, etc.). Although there are several standard non‐destructive evaluation techniques, near‐field microwave and millimetre wave techniques have shown tremendous potential for significantly adding to the available non‐destructive ‘toolbox’ for this purpose. This paper serves as a review of recent advances made in this area and the capabilities of these techniques for detecting cracks and evaluating their various dimensional properties including determining a crack tip location accurately. These techniques include using open‐ended rectangular probes (in two distinct modes) and open‐ended coaxial probes.
Review on Preparation and Characterization of Liposomes with Application (2013)

Liposomes are microscopic vesicles composed of a bilayer of phospholipids or any similar amphipathic lipids. They can encapsulate and effectively deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances 2‐3 and may be used as a non‐toxic vehicle for insoluble drugs. Liposomes are composed of small vesicles of phospholipids encapsulating an aqueous space ranging from about 0.03 to 10 µm in diameter. The membrane of liposome is made of phospholipids, which have phosphoric acid sides to form the liposome players. Liposomes can be manufactured in different lipid compositions or by different method show variation in particle size, size distribution, surface electrical potential, no. of lamella, encapsulation efficacy, Surface modification showed g+reat advantage to produce Liposomes of different mechanisims, kinetic properties and biodistribution. Products in the market are Doxorubicin (Doxil, Myocet), Daunorubicin (Dauno Xome), Cytarabin (Depocyte), (lymphotmatos meningitis) and Amphotericine B (Ambisome), (fungal infection). An artificial microscopic vesicle consisting of an aqueous core enclosed in one or more phospholipid layers, used to convey vaccines, drugs, enzymes, or other substances to target cells or organs. Liposomes are nano size artificial vesicles of spherical shape.
Parallel operation of digital controlled UPS system (2002)

A digital control algorithm for parallel connected three-phase inverters used in a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) is proposed. Each inverter module has an LC filter. The digital voltage controller, which has high-speed current control as a minor loop, provides low voltage distortion even for nonlinear loads. A parallel operation controller supplements the voltage controller in each inverter module. Voltage reference command of each inverter is controlled to balance the load current. It was confirmed by simulation and an experiment that low distortion characteristics of output voltage and good load sharing control characteristics were achieved by this control algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>