gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4D-2 High Volume Production of a Fully Matched 5050 PCS-CDMA-BAW Duplexer (2006)

Since 2001 bulk acoustic wave (BAW) technology is highly investigated due to its silicon-based technology for further integration in the RF part of e.g. mobile phones. At the IEEE UFFC Symposium 2005 in Rotterdam EPCOS presented the very first results of several CDMA related components like 3838 PCS BAW duplexer, full-band Tx-filter and Rx diversity filter using the solidly mounted resonator (SMR) technique and packaged using EPCOS' proprietary CSSPlus technology [Schmidhammer, E, et al.]. Meanwhile we have successfully started the high-volume production of a fully matched 5050 PCS BAW Duplexer, a component, which was requested by various customers. This BAW duplexer has been specifically designed to match the impedance network commonly employed at the PA output path, transforming the PA output impedance level of approx. 3 Omega into the 50 Omega reference level. Qualification tests according to JEDEC and IEC standards show a high reliability of the component with respect to temperature-shocks (-40deg/125deg), damp heat steady state tests (85 degC/85% relative humidity) and high temperature storage (125 degC). These quality levels were mainly achieved by employing a newly developed Ni-based UBM. The presented results show clearly our continuing improvements within SMR-BAW technology. Our process flow using a 200 mm manufacturing line uses only the minimum number of process steps by still keeping a high yield in combination with high process stability and high process robustness. EPCOS is the first component supplier worldwide deploying high-volume production based on 200 mm wafers
Photodynamic Therapy for Experimental Tumors Using ATX‐S10(Na), a Hydrophilic Chlorin Photosensitizer, and Diode Laser (2000)

ATX-S10(Na), a hydrophilic chlorin photosensitizer having an absorption maximum at 670 nm, is a candidate second-generation photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. The effectiveness of PDT using ATX-S10(Na) and a diode laser for experimental tumors was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In-vitro PDT using ATX-S10(Na) and the diode laser showed drug concentration-, laser dose- and drug exposure time-dependent cytotoxicity to various human and mouse tumor cell lines. In Meth-A sarcoma-implanted mice, optimal PDT conditions were found where tumors were completely eliminated without any toxicity. Against human tumor xenografts in nude mice, the combined use of 5 mg / kg ATX-S10(Na) and 200 J / cm(2) laser irradiation 3 h after ATX-S10(Na) administration showed excellent anti-tumor activity, and its efficacy was almost the same as that of PDT using 20 mg / kg porfimer sodium and a 100 J / cm(2) excimer dye laser 48 h after porfimer sodium injection. Microscopic observation of tumor tissues revealed that PDT using ATX-S10(Na) and the diode laser induced congestion, thrombus and degeneration of endothelial cells in tumor vessels, indicating that a vascular shutdown effect plays an important role in the anti-tumor activity of PDT using ATX-S10(Na) and the diode laser.
On the Magnetic Anisotropy in Manganese-Iron Spinels (1959)

The magnetic anisotropy energy is measured as a function of temperature in eleven single crystal compositions corresponding to MnxFe3−xO4, where x is varied from 0.00 to 1.90. The interesting features observed are as follows. (1) Small manganese concentrations in magnetite (x=0) are shown to decrease the temperature of the “isotropy point” known to exist in magnetite at low temperatures. (2) An unexpected variation in the temperature dependence and magnitude of the anisotropy energy in the x=0.4 to 1.0 composition region is shown. (3) The anisotropy energy in the composition region between x=1.0 and 1.8 is semiquantitatively shown to be related to cubic crystalline field splitting of the energy levels of ferric ions. (4) A large planar anisotropy is measured in a crystal composition given by x = 1.90 and is discussed in terms of the expected tetragonal nature of trivalent manganese. (5) Finally, a minute magnetic annealing effect at a temperature of 370°K has been shown to exist in a crystal composition corresponding to x=0.40 and the magnitude of this effect is shown to be dependent on the direction relative to the crystal axes of the applied magnetic field during the annealing process.
Shor's algorithm with fewer (pure) qubits (2006)

In this note we consider optimised circuits for implementing Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. First I give a circuit for which none of the about 2n qubits need to be initialised (though we still have to make the usual 2n measurements later on). Then I show how the modular additions in the algorithm can be carried out with a superposition of an arithmetic sequence. This makes parallelisation of Shor's algorithm easier. Finally I show how one can factor with only about 1.5n qubits, and maybe even fewer.
A 4-Mbit NAND-EEPROM with tight programmed V <sub>t</sub> distribution (1990)

The authors describe a 4-Mb NAND-EEPROM with tight <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</e1> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> (threshold voltage) distribution which is controlled by a novel program verify technique. A tight <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</e1> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t </sub> distribution width of 0.6 V for the entire 4-Mb cell array is achieved, and read margin is improved. A unique twin p-well structure has made it possible to realize low-power 5-V-only erase/program operation easily compared with the previous design
MEK4 Function, Genistein Treatment, and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2009)

We identified MEK4 as a proinvasion protein in six human prostate cancer cell lines and the target for genistein. We showed, to our knowledge for the first time, that genistein treatment, compared with no treatment, was associated with decreased levels of MMP-2 transcripts in normal prostate cells from prostate cancer-containing tissue.
[Formation of drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae of non-O1 group inhabitating surface-water reservoirs]. (1985)

In the study of 255 V. cholerae strains unrelated to vibrio O group I (NAG vibrios), which were isolated from water bodies in the region of the Volga delta in 1977-1982, antibioticograms of 17 types were obtained and R factor was detected in 37.7% of the strains under study. The pronounced heterogeneity of NAG vibrio populations, evaluated in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values with respect to different antibiotics, is specifically manifested by the presence of various dominating subpopulations of these microorganisms, depending on their sensitivity to some chemical drugs. Various representatives of the genus Vibrio were used as a model for demonstrating the ability of the microbial population to enhance its variability as regards MIC values with a seasonal rise in the number of microorganisms.
I Am a Critical Care Nurse (2016)

The first time I set foot in a hospital was when, a month early, my son was miraculously delivered. My wife suffered a near-fatal amniotic fluid embolism and I became a parent and nearly a widower in the same moment. As my wife lay in a coma fighting for her life, I was schooled about the various units, specialists, diagnostic tests, laboratory, pathology, social workers, administration, risk management, spiritual care, occupational and physical therapy, and even pet therapy. As the days went by, my wife’s survival went from unlikely to possible, then to probable, and, finally, to discharge.We continued to stay in touch with the incredible nurses and clinicians who so competently and lovingly cared for my son and wife. During a visit back to the neonatal intensive care unit and intensive care unit I realized the hospital had become a second home. Later that night I talked to my wife about going back to school to become a nurse. I knew it would be a stretch for us financially, emotionally, and physically, but I felt I had a calling to become a nurse.I enjoy the challenge of helping a critical and unstable patient return to a state of good health. Having been on the other side, I also find joy and satisfaction in helping the patient’s family and sharing my own story.I would say it is working alongside and gaining the respect of the very same nurses and physicians who saved my wife and son. Sometimes I wonder how I ended up where I am today and then I remember that pinnacle moment. It most often happens when I am in the room where my wife recovered.Helping family members accept their loved ones’ diagnosis and prognosis can be challenging. I make sure to include all family members in the care of my patients whenever possible. Sharing my story helps me communicate with family members in a supportive way.My journey to become a nurse is unique. Not too many contractors decide to switch careers at nearly 35 years old.I like to reflect on how I ended up where I am. It reminds me why I chose this profession. I enjoy an active and healthy lifestyle. I love to play with my son and take advantage of all our beautiful city has to offer. We hike, golf, and spend time at the beach.I grew up in the Cayman Islands. I was born in Canada but my parents sought warmer weather and moved when I was 3 years old. Some days I missed school because there was a pod of dolphins in front of our house and my dad felt I would learn more swimming than I would in the classroom.Shortly after graduation, I became an AACN member. I look forward to receiving the journals and I read them cover to cover. I often incorporate what I read into my practice. At NTI, the classes, exposition, and posters keep me up to date on the latest information on critical care nursing. I consider myself a lifelong learner and AACN helps satisfy my need to learn. The articles and resources allow me to be the best nurse I can possibly be. CCN
ISCOM technology-based Matrix M™ adjuvant: success in future vaccines relies on formulation (2011)

ISCOM technology-based Matrix M (TM) adjuvant : success in future vaccines relies on formulation
A new natriuretic peptide isolated from cardiac atria of trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> (1997)

Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively) are two cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) found in tetrapods from amphibians to mammals, whereas ANP and ventricular NP (VNP) have been identified in eel hearts. Because VNP has also been found in the rainbow trout ventricle, we attempted to isolate NP from trout cardiac atria in order to determine whether ANP and VNP are common cardiac NPs in teleosts. In the present experiments, we isolated VNP and a novel atrial NP consisting of 29 amino acid residues from the atria. This new trout NP exhibited similar sequence identity to mammalian ANP and BNP (50-60%). Its homology to eel ANP was low (52%) compared with high homology of trout and eel VNP (78%). Based on yield, the content of this new NP in trout atria may be even smaller than that of VNP. The new trout atrial NP exhibited low relaxant activity in the chick rectum (only 1/10 of that of trout VNP), and extremely low vasorelaxant activity in the rat aortic strip (only 1/400 of that of human ANP). However, the new trout NP was equipotent with trout VNP and human ANP in relaxing trout epibranchial artery. Based on the sequence similarity with other NPs and on atrial content, the new NP isolated from trout atria cannot yet be assigned to a known member of the NP family.
The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease (2014)

Our group recently discovered that certain dietary nutrients possessing a trimethylamine (TMA) moiety, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the development of atherosclerotic heart disease. A meta-organismal pathway was elucidated involving gut microbiota-dependent formation of TMA and host hepatic flavin monooxygenase 3-dependent (FMO3-dependent) formation of TMA-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite shown to be both mechanistically linked to atherosclerosis and whose levels are strongly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Collectively, these studies reveal that nutrient precursors, gut microbiota, and host participants along the meta-organismal pathway elucidated may serve as new targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
Provenance Map Orbiter: Interactive Exploration of Large Provenance Graphs (2011)

Provenance systems can produce enormous provenance graphs that can be used for a variety of tasks from deter-mining the inputs to a particular process to debugging entire workflow executions or tracking difficult-to-find dependencies. Visualization can be a useful tool to sup-port such tasks, but graphs of such scale (thousands to millions of nodes) are notoriously difficult to visualize. This paper presents the Provenance Map Orbiter, a tool for interactively exploring large provenance graphs using graph summarization and semantic zoom. It presents its users with a high-level abstracted view of the graph and the ability to incrementally drill down to the details. 1
Generalized Gram-Charlier series with application to the sum of log-normal variates (Corresp.) (1977)

A generalized Gram-Charlier series, applicable to non-Gaussian problems, is developed. Expressions are given for the first six error coefficients. The high inherent accuracy of the series is demonstrated by development of the expansion for the sum of independent, identically distributed log-normal variates.
Polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases and regulation of transcription: assembling the puzzle (2006)

The polyglutamine disorders are a class of nine neuro-degenerative disorders that are inherited gain-of-function diseases caused by expansion of a translated CAG repeat. Even though the disease-causing proteins are widely expressed, specific collections of neurons are more susceptible in each disease, resulting in characteristic patterns of pathology and clinical symptoms. One hypothesis poses that altered protein function is fundamental to pathogenesis, with protein context of the expanded polyglutamine having key roles in disease-specific processes. This review will focus on the role of the disease-causing polyglutamine proteins in gene transcription and the extent to which the mutant proteins induce disruption of transcription.
The Synergistic Immunoregulatory Effects of Culture-Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and CD4+25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells on Skin Allograft Rejection (2013)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are seen as an ideal source of cells to induce graft acceptance; however, some reports have shown that MSCs can be immunogenic rather than immunosuppressive. We speculate that the immunomodulatory effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) can aid the maintenance of immunoregulatory functions of MSCs, and that a combinatorial approach to cell therapy can have synergistic immunomodulatory effects on allograft rejection. After preconditioning with Fludarabine, followed by total body irradiation and anti-asialo-GM-1(ASGM-1), tail skin grafts from C57BL/6 (H-2k(b)) mice were grafted onto the lateral thoracic wall of BALB/c (H-2k(d)) mice. Group A mice (control group, n = 9) did not receive any further treatment after preconditioning, whereas groups B and C (n = 9) received cell therapy with MSCs or Tregs, respectively, on days -1, +6 and +13 relative to the skin transplantation. Group D (n = 10) received cell therapy with MSCs and Tregs on days -1, +6 and +13. Cell suspensions were obtained from the spleens of five randomly chosen mice from each group on day +7, and the immunomodulatory effects of the cell therapy were evaluated by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Our results show that allograft survival was significantly longer in group D compared to the control group (group A). Flow cytometric analysis and real-time PCR for splenocytes revealed that the Th2 subpopulation in group D increased significantly compared to the group B. Also, the expression of Foxp3 and STAT 5 increased significantly in group D compared to the conventional cell therapy groups (B and C). Taken together, these data suggest that a combined cell therapy approach with MSCs and Tregs has a synergistic effect on immunoregulatory function in vivo, and might provide a novel strategy for improving survival in allograft transplantation.
Two-dimensional layout compaction by simulated annealing (2003)

The authors study the two-dimensional compaction problem or VLSI layouts. They present an algorithm for the two-dimensional compaction problem. Compaction is carried out simultaneously in both x and y directions. The problem model is constraint-based. The compactor does not rely on a given initial placement. In fact, it fully utilizes freedom to place blocks and also uses the technique of simulated annealing to examine layout solutions one after another in its search for an optimal layout solution. To speed up the computations, a powerful approximation scheme is also introduced. The simulated annealing layout compactor has been implemented and tested on some problems from the literature. The experimental results indicate that the proposed compaction algorithm is quite effective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phospholipase A2 Engineering. The Roles of Disulfide Bonds in Structure, Conformational Stability, and Catalytic Function (1995)

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe the contribution of each of the seven disulfide bonds of bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2, overexpressed in Escherichia coli) to the structure, conformational stability, and catalytic function of the enzyme. Each of the seven disulfide bonds, C11-C77, C27-C123, C29-C45, C44-C105, C51-C98, C61-C91, and C84-C96, was deleted separately by changing both cysteine (C) residues to alanine (A). The structural properties of the mutants were analyzed by 1D and 2D proton NMR, the conformational stability by guanidine hydrochloride-induced denaturation, and the catalytic property by measuring kinetic parameters toward DC8PC (1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) micelles. The results led to the following significant findings: (i) All but one (C84A-C96A) mutants have been refolded and purified by use of the same procedure for wild-type PLA2. Thus, the disulfide bonds are generally not important to the folding pathway of PLA2. (ii) The disulfide bond C11-C77 is most important to the conformation and conformational stability of the enzyme since deletion of this disulfide bond resulted in greatly perturbed NMR properties and in a decrease of 6.2 kcal/mol in conformational stability. However, the C11A-C77A mutant displayed little change in catalytic function. (iii) The effects of deleting disulfide bonds on the catalytic function of PLA2 are small, except the disulfide bond C29-C45 which connects the calcium binding loop with the helix C. However, the conformation and conformational stability of the C29A-C45A mutant was found to decrease by a factor of 10 or greater. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reactively sputtered titanium carbide thin films: Preparation and properties (1983)

The low resistivity and refractory nature of titanium carbide makes it potentially useful as a diffusion barrier in thin film metallization schemes. In the present investigation, deposition and properties of thin titanium carbide films have been investigated. The films were deposited by reactive radio frequency sputtering in methane–argon mixtures on a variety of substrates. The effects of methane to argon ratio, total sputtering pressure, and power on the film deposition rate, composition and properties were determined. There were interactive effects of these parameters on the composition and properties of these films. Resistivity increased with carbon content; for Ti/C≥1 it was ∼200 μΩ cm. Stress that was compressive was maximum in the nearly stoichiometric TiC film. Grain size was small in all films, especially so in carbon rich films. All stoichiometric titanium carbide films were resistant to HF solutions. Films with TiC/≥1 dissolved easily in ethylene dinitrilo tetra acetric acid (EDTA) solution.
The histamine H4 receptor: from orphan to the clinic (2015)

The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) was first noted as a sequence in genomic databases that had features of a class A G-protein coupled receptor. This putative receptor was found to bind histamine consistent with its homology to other histamine receptors and thus became the fourth member of the histamine receptor family. Due to the previous success of drugs that target the H1 and H2 receptors, an effort was made to understand the function of this new receptor and determine if it represented a viable drug target. Taking advantage of the vast literature on the function of histamine, a search for histamine activity that did not appear to be mediated by the other three histamine receptors was undertaken. From this asthma and pruritus emerged as areas of particular interest. Histamine has long been suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma, but antihistamines that target the H1 and H2 receptors have not been shown to be effective for this condition. The use of selective ligands in animal models of asthma has now potentially filled this gap by showing a role for the H4R in mediating lung function and inflammation. A similar story exists for chronic pruritus associated with conditions such as atopic dermatitis. Antihistamines that target the H1 receptor are effective in reducing acute pruritus, but are ineffective in pruritus experienced by patients with atopic dermatitis. As for asthma, animal models have now suggested a role for the H4R in mediating pruritic responses, with antagonists of the H4R reducing pruritus in a number of different conditions. The anti-pruritic effect of H4R antagonists has recently been shown in human clinical studies, validating the preclinical findings in the animal models. A selective H4R antagonist inhibited histamine-induced pruritus in health volunteers and reduced pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis. The history to date of the H4R provides an excellent example of the deorphanization of a novel receptor and the translation of this into clinical efficacy in humans.
Plasma doping: theoretical simulation and use of safer gas (2002)

Plasma doping (PD) is an alternative technique to form shallow junctions in deep sub-micrometer microelectronic devices. The use of theoretical simulation to derive the energy distribution of implanted ions can lessen the time required for design of PD experiments and recipes. It also provides useful information on the dopant depth profiles. The second part of the paper describes the use of a boron-containing gas that is much less toxic than diborane to form shallow junctions.
Evaluation of a Propofol and Remifentanil interaction model for predictive control of anesthesia induction (2011)

This paper introduces a simplified linear interaction model between two drugs, namely Propofol and Remifentanil, which will be used in a model based predictive control algorithm for (nonlinear) automatic induction and regulation of DOA. Depth of anesthesia (DOA) is evaluated by means of the Bispectral index (BIS). The simulation tests are performed on a set of 24 virtually generated realistic patient models. The results are promising and the performance of the controller shows a high-efficiency, optimal dosage of the two drugs in order to achieve the desired BIS reference.
Detection of Foreign Bodies With Computerized Tomography (1979)

Computerized tomography scanning has been proven useful in defining complex anatomical areas of the head and neck and in delineating soft-density foreign bodies. This was helpful in a child in whom all other modalities, including surgical exploration, had failed to localize a foreign body.