gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine monoclonal antibodies against galactosyltransferase from the ascites of ovarian cancer patients. (1984)

Glycoprotein:galactosyltransferase is a promising enzyme marker for ovarian carcinoma. Five stable murine hybridoma monoclones that produce homogeneous antibodies against galactosyltransferase from the ascites of ovarian cancer patients have been established. Three of the monoclonal antibodies produced were immunoglobulin G1 isotype, while two were immunoglobulin M. All the antibodies showed linear Scatchard binding plots and had very high affinity for galactosyltransferase with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) ranging between 0.16 X 10(-9) M and 0.97 X 10(-9) M. Two of the monoclonal antibodies recognized adjacent epitopes on the enzyme molecule, two antibodies recognized two other unique epitopes, while the epitope recognized by the fifth was uncertain. Following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the separated proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose filters (transblotting) and galactosyltransferase was detected on the filters by immunoperoxidase staining after treatment with monoclonal antibodies. A band at Mr 47,000 was detected by all of the monoclonal antibodies. One of them can detect, in addition, two bands at Mr 52,000 and Mr 54,000. Purified galactosyltransferase catalyzed the transfer of galactose to four types of acceptors: (a) alkali-stable N-glycosidic glycoproteins; (b) alkali-labile mucin-type acceptors; (c) N-acetylglucosamine; and (d) glucose in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin. All these transfer activities of the enzyme were present in the immunoprecipitates of the monoclonal antibodies. Transblotting of the enzyme from nondenaturing slab gels produced diffused stain patterns. Assay of the enzyme using the four types of acceptors in gel slices showed overlapping activity profiles, which coincided with the stained area on the filters, suggesting that the reactions are catalyzed by the same protein.
An Efficient Weather Forecasting System using Artificial Neural Network (2010)

Temperature warnings are important forecasts because they are used to protect life and property. Temperature forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the temperature for a future time and a given location. Temperature forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere. In this paper, a neural network-based algorithm for predicting the temperature is presented. The Neural Networks package supports different types of training or learning algorithms. One such algorithm is Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) technique. The main advantage of the BPN neural network method is that it can fairly approximate a large class of functions. This method is more efficient than numerical differentiation. The simple meaning of this term is that our model has potential to capture the complex relationships between many factors that contribute to certain temperature. The proposed idea is tested using the real time dataset. The results are compared with practical working of meteorological department and these results confirm that our model have the potential for successful application to temperature forecasting. Real time processing of weather data indicate that the BPN based weather forecast have shown improvement not only over guidance forecasts from numerical models, but over official local weather service forecasts as well.
Investigation of electron trajectories of an x‐ray tube in magnetic fields of MR scanners (2007)

A hybrid x‐ray/MR system combining an x‐ray fluoroscopic system and an open‐bore magnetic resonance (MR) system offers advantages from both powerful imaging modalities and thus can benefit numerous image‐guided interventional procedures. In our hybrid system configurations, the x‐ray tube and detector are placed in the MR magnet and therefore experience a strong magnetic field. The electron beam inside the x‐ray tube can be deflected by a misaligned magnetic field, which may damage the tube. Understanding the deflection process is crucial to predicting the electron beam deflection and avoiding potential damage to the x‐ray tube. For this purpose, the motion of an electron in combined electric and magnetic fields was analyzed theoretically to provide general solutions that can be applied to different geometries. For two specific cases, a slightly misaligned strong field and a perpendicular weak field, computer simulations were performed with a finite‐element method program. In addition, experiments were conducted using an open MRI magnet and an inserted electromagnet to quantitatively verify the relationship between the deflections and the field misalignment. In a strong ( ; : speed of light) and slightly misaligned magnetic field, the deflection in the plane of and caused by electrons following the magnetic field lines is the dominant component compared to the deflection in the direction due to the drift of electrons. In a weak magnetic field , the main deflection is in the direction and is caused by the perpendicular component of the magnetic field.
Editorial (2000)

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Prevention of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> induced mortality in gnotobiotic mice by <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> (1986)

Oral preventive treatment of gnotobiotic mice by Saccharomyces boulardii significantly decreased mortality following Clostridium difficile infection. A single S. boulardii ingestion protected 16% of mice, whereas 56% were protected when S. boulardii was given continuously in the drinking water. No direct antagonistic effect of the yeast on C. difficile numbers was detected, whereas a modulation of fecal cytotoxin production was demonstrated.
Automatic left ventricular endocardium detection in echocardiograms based on ternary thresholding method (2002)

This study proposes a new automatic detection method based on ternary thresholding method for echocardiograms. Two thresholds are determined by the discriminant analysis for the gray level histogram so that the input image is segmented into three regions: cardiac cavity, near epicardium, and the rest. Then the input echocardiogram is binarized with the lower threshold (between black and gray) to detect the cardiac cavity. The binary images are contracted n times to remove small regions and to disconnect the region of cardiac cavity from the other false regions. Among the obtained regions which corresponds to the cardiac cavity is selected and dilated 2n times to create a mask which restricts the region of the second thresholding operation. The masked image of each frame is binarized with another threshold determined by the discriminant analysis in the restricted area. Results of the evaluation test showed that the accuracy of the extracted contours was favorably compared with the accuracy of manually traced contours.
Properties of diamond-like carbon films deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering (2004)

Smooth,dense and uniform diamond-like carbon(DLC)films for industrial applica-
tion were successfully prepared by unbalanced magnetron sputtering.The morphology,structure and
tribological properties were studied by AFM,Raman spectra and tribological tester.Results show that
working current of target plays an important role in DLC film deposition.Deposition rate,sp~3 bonds
content and friction coefficient oncrease with increasing the working current of target.In the beginning
of the wear experiment,the friction coefficient is high.but then decreases gradually with the increase
of sliding cycles,reaching a constant value ranging between 0.1 and 0.15.
A New Approach for Efficient Rescheduling of Multiproduct Batch Plants (2000)

In this paper, a novel solution approach to addressing the problem of efficient reactive scheduling in multiproduct batch plants is presented. The approach is based on a two-stage solution procedure whereby, at the first stage, the deterministic schedule is established on the basis of data at the current time and, at the second stage, the optimal reschedule is obtained from the solution of a proposed formulation that systematically incorporates all different rescheduling alternatives. Two kinds of disturbances are consideredmachine breakdown and rush order arrival. The rescheduling problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem using a continuous time formulation, which leads to a smaller number of binary variables for both the deterministic and the rescheduling problems thus, resulting in reduced computational times. It is shown that the proposed approach results in an efficient utilization of the plant capability as it allows the optimal selection among all rescheduling alternatives in a systematic way without the use of any heuristics. Moreover, the objective function used allows the decision maker to determine the optimal reschedule in terms of profitability and plant operability by allowing the selection of a rescheduling policy close to the original schedule. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated through a number of case studies from scheduling literature for both single and multiple disturbances.
Spectrum shaping of OFDM-based cognitive radio signals (2008)

In this paper, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) spectrum shaping using various techniques to reduce Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) is investigated. The trade-offs between interference level and spectral efficiency, power consumption, and computational complexity are discussed. Simulation results along with detailed analysis showing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are presented.
Wilson's disease: a new gene and an animal model for an old disease. (1995)

Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive, inherited disorder of copper metabolism. In normal individuals, copper homeostasis is controlled by the balance between intestinal absorption of dietary copper and hepatic excretion of excess copper in bile. In Wilson's disease, hepatic copper is neither excreted in bile nor incorporated into ceruloplasmin and copper accumulates to toxic levels. The Wilson's disease gene (WND) encodes a putative copper-transporting protein that is expressed almost exclusively in the liver. The predicted structure of the protein product is that of a P-type ATPase with striking homology to bacterial copper transporters and the gene product of another inherited disorder of copper metabolism, Menkes' disease. A rat model of Wilson's disease has recently been identified. The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat manifests elevated hepatic copper, defective incorporation of copper into ceruloplasmin, and reduced biliary excretion of copper. The rat homologue of the WND is abnormal in LEC rats. Clinical manifestations of Wilson's disease arise directly from copper-induced damage to hepatocytes (hepatic presentation) or indirectly after the release of copper from the liver with subsequent damage to the brain (neuropsychiatric presentation) and other organs. Genetic heterogeneity (different mutations in a single gene) may account for some of the variability in Wilsonian presentations. The diagnosis of Wilson's disease depends on the demonstration of disordered copper metabolism, manifested as elevated urinary and hepatic copper and low ceruloplasmin levels. However, none of the abnormal findings in Wilson's disease is pathognomonic. Genetic diagnosis, in the absence of family studies, is likely to be difficult since many different mutations result in the disease. Management of Wilson's disease involves decreasing excess levels of copper accumulated in the liver, brain, and other organs. Copper chelation therapy, to increase urinary excretion of copper, is the mainstay of treatment. In addition, oral zinc therapy may be useful at decreasing absorption of dietary copper and rendering tissue copper nontoxic, by increasing the formation of complexes with copper-binding proteins. Liver transplantation can be necessary for individuals with acute hepatic failure or complications of cirrhosis. Gene therapy may evolve in the future; however, medical management is effective in most patients.
Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>:  Small Magnetic Polaron Effects (2007)

The electronic structure of LiFePO4 and delithiated FePO4 is revisited in the light of the previous calculations taking into account the coulomb correlation potential for d-electrons. The nature of the optical transitions across the energy gap is investigated. In LiFePO4, these are intra-atomic Fe2+−Fe3+ transitions suffering a strong Franck−Condon effect due to the local distortion of the lattice in FePO4, which is indirect evidence of the formation of a small polaron. This situation contrasts with that met in the much more covalent delithiated phase, where the optical transition across the energy gap is associated with a transfer of an electron from the p-states of the oxygen to the d-states of iron ions. The small polarons in LiFePO4 are associated with the presence of Fe3+ ions introduced by native defects in relative concentration [Fe3+]/[Fe2++Fe3+] = 3 × 10-3 in the samples known to be optimized with respect to their electrochemical properties. The nearest iron neighbors around the central polaron site are spin-polarized by the indirect exchange mediated by the electronic charge in excess. These small magnetic polarons are responsible for the interplay between electronic and magnetic properties that are quantitatively and self-consistently analyzed.
rRNA Stability in Heat-Killed and UV-Irradiated Enterotoxigenic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (1998)

Differentiation of viable cells from nonviable cells is of considerable importance in the development of methods to detect foodborne pathogens. To study the suitability of 16S rRNA as an indicator of cell viability in nucleic acid-based detection assays, we examined rRNA stability in two representative foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus, which were inactivated by extreme heat, moderate heat, and UV irradiation. Cell death under all conditions was confirmed by a failure to grow in brain heart infusion broth after incubation for 48 h at 37 degrees C. rRNA stability was monitored by a Northern blot analysis, and detection was evaluated by using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR performed with two primer sets (which produced 325- and 1, 400-bp amplicons). rRNA of neither pathogen was detected by Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR after cells were killed by autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 15 min. In contrast, intact rRNA of both pathogens were detected by Northern blotting and could be amplified by RT-PCR up to 48 h after cells were killed by heat treatment at 80 degrees C and UV irradiation at 254 nm. rRNA was a suitable target molecule for monitoring bacterial viability under extreme heat conditions, but the presence of rRNA was not correlated with viability following moderate heat inactivation or UV irradiation of cells.
Differential vascular functions of Nox family NADPH oxidases (2008)

Reactive oxygen species, specifically generated by individual Nox proteins, act as secondary messengers. Selective inhibition of Nox proteins might be a novel approach to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation with the DPPBA Ligands (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
319. Isatogens. Part II. 2-2′-Pyridylisatogen (1965)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Development of avian embryo manipulation techniques and their application to germ cell manipulation (2003)

ABSTRACT The development of chicken embryo culture techniques, from single‐cell stage to hatching, makes it possible to manipulate developing embryos at any developmental stage. Production of germline chimeric chickens by the transfer of stage X blastodermal cells or primordial germ cells enables the manipulation of germline cells in vitro . Production of transgenic chickens has been attempted by the retroviral vector method, microinjection of DNA into a fertilized ovum at the single‐cell stage, use of chimeric intermediates produced by the transfer of stage X blastodermal cells or primordial germ cells, manipulation of spermatozoa, and in vivo manipulation of gonads. So far, the only non‐viral method that has successfully produced transgenic chickens is microinjection of DNA into a fertilized ovum. Manipulation of primordial germ cells could become an efficient system for producing transgenic chickens by combining it with the highly efficient transfection method or the in vitro culture system for primordial germ cells. Preservation of avian genetic resources has now become possible by cryopreservation of stage X blastodermal cells or primordial germ cells as well as spermatozoa. The development of nuclear transfer techniques for avian species is necessary.
Analysis of terrain scattered interference-mitigation (2004)

Terrain scattered interference mitigation methods for airborne radar have been studied and deconvolution methods for interference suppression have been proposed. This paper describes an analysis of the terrain scattered interference mitigation performance for different conditions and limitations. The direct path signal must be accurately estimated without strong multipath errors. A time-limited impulse response is required to avoid too much suppression of target signals. Small relative Doppler shift errors are required between the direct path and the terrain scattered paths. Several strong jamming signal sources cannot be resolved and suppressed. Receiver blocking gives errors in the impulse response estimate. Clutter signals must be suppressed for accurate impulse responses. Numerical stability must be ensured in the inverse filtering and deconvolution operations.
Identification of SAP155 as the Target of GEX1A (Herboxidiene), an Antitumor Natural Product (2010)

GEX1A is a microbial product with antitumor activity. HeLa cells cultured with GEX1A accumulated p27(Kip) and its C-terminally truncated form p27*. GEX1A inhibited the pre-mRNA splicing of p27, producing p27* from the unspliced mRNA containing the first intron. p27* lacked the site required for E3 ligase-mediated proteolysis of p27, leading to its accumulation in GEX1A-treated cells. The accumulated p27* was able to bind to and inhibit the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex that causes E3 ligase-mediated degradation of p27, which probably triggers the accumulation of p27. By using a series of photoaffinity-labeling derivatives of GEX1A, we found that GEX1A targeted SAP155 protein, a subunit of SF3b responsible for pre-mRNA splicing. The linker length between the GEX1A pharmacophore and the photoreactive group was critical for detection of the GEX1A-binding protein. GEX1A serves as a novel splicing inhibitor that specifically impairs the SF3b function by binding to SAP155.
Radio resource management for OFDMA uplinks (2007)

The next generation of wireless networks (4G) will use OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) in the reverse link. In OFDMA, the reverse link resources assigned to a user are called tiles each of which consists of a subset of consecutive subcarriers. Since at most one user is assigned to each of these tiles then reverse link transmissions within a sector are orthogonal. However, the transmission is affected by intercell interference since users in adjacent sectors may also have been assigned to the same tile. If those users in the adjacent sectors transmitted with high power then the intercell interference may severely limit the SINR achieved by the user. Therefore user transmission powers must be carefully managed to avoid excessive intercell interference. In this paper we propose a distributed algorithm for the problem and use numerical results to illustrate its performance.
62.2: Adaptive White Extension for Peak Luminance Increase in RGBWAMOLED (2009)

Abstract RGBW AMOLED panel, compare to the RGB panel, has lower power consumption and current stress and as result — bigger life time. Using special algorithms and RGB subpixels (as additional white) permits to increase brightness of this panel up to 2 times. At the same time it's very important to keep panel current at permissible range. We propose an algorithm, what permits to increase brightness of the RGBW AMOLED panel and limit its summary current at the same time.
Junction Temperature Measurement during Inverter Operation using a TJ-IGBT-Driver (2015)

The junction temperature of an IGBT power module is a key parameter for its optimal operation and reliability. In recent years different sensor systems were presented for real-time TJmeasurement, but none of these solutions could prove its functionality during the real inverter operation. For the first time this paper presents an IGBT gate driver with integrated real-time TJ-measurement and investigates its properties within a working voltage source inverter. The measurement is based on the on-chip internal gate resistor RGi, whose temperature is determined by superimposing the negative gate voltage with a high-frequency identification signal. Therefore the driver consists of a small control unit that manages the entire identification process during the regular switching operation of the IGBT and calculates its junction temperature using a pre-programmed reference sensor curve. Within an automatic one-point calibration at room temperature a certain power modules can be adjusted to this sensor curve. To demonstrate the functionality of the TJ-measurement during inverter operation the driver is integrated into one phase of a voltage source inverter. The junction temperature variations that can be measured at low-frequency phase currents and during the emulation of different load-profiles show very good agreement with the temperature that is measured with an IRcamera. Thereby the so-called TJ-IGBT-Driver offers a very good temperature and time resolution of 1 K and 2.5 ms. In summary, this paper shows a working sensor system that allows real-time junction temperature measurement of conventional IGBT power modules with very good sensor properties and in a way that is suitable for series production.
Model-based Drug Development (2007)

The low productivity and escalating costs of drug development have been well documented over the past several years. Less than 10% of new compounds that enter clinical trials ultimately make it to the market, and many more fail in the preclinical stages of development. These challenges in the "critical path" of drug development are discussed in a 2004 publication by the US Food and Drug Administration. The document emphasizes new tools and various opportunities to improve drug development. One of the opportunities recommended is the application of "model-based drug development (MBDD)." This paper discusses what constitutes the key elements of MBDD and how these elements should fit together to inform drug development strategy and decision-making.