gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Identification of Professional Engineers (1997)

The main issues discussed in the paper presented by Peter Smith and J.A. Gibson at the 1997 IPENZ Conference, and entitled Public Awareness of Professional Engineers and Technologists, are discussed. The identification and the visibility of the professional engineers have considerably reduced around the globe. Hence, the countries should adopt branding and other strategies to enhance the value of such professionals. Use of a prefix, a clear demarcation between the grades and a proper publicity of their reports are shown to be some of the measures that can be helpful for the purpose.
Central D2-Dopamine Receptor Occupancy in Schizophrenic Patients Treated With Antipsychotic Drugs (1988)

Using positron emission tomography and the carbon 11-labeled ligand raclopride, central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in the putamen was determined in psychiatric patients treated with clinical doses of psychoactive drugs. Receptor occupancy in drug-treated patients was defined as the percent reduction of specific carbon 11-raclopride binding in relation to the expected binding in the absence of drug treatment. Clinical treatment of schizophrenic patients with 11 chemically distinct antipsychotic drugs (including both classic and atypical neuroleptics such as clozapine) resulted in a 65% to 85% occupancy of D2-dopamine receptors. In a depressed patient treated with the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline, no occupancy was found. The time course for receptor occupancy and drug levels was followed after withdrawal of sulpiride or haloperidol. D2-dopamine receptor occupancy remained above 65% for many hours despite a substantial reduction of serum drug concentrations. In a sulpiride-treated patient, the dosage was reduced in four steps over a nine-week period and a curvilinear relationship was demonstrated between central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy and serum drug concentrations. The results demonstrate that clinical doses of all the currently used classes of antipsychotic drugs cause a substantial blockade of central D2-dopamine receptors in humans. This effect appears to be selective for the antipsychotics, since it was not induced by the antidepressant nortriptyline.
Layer by Layer 법으로 제작한 박막의 에피택셜 성장 (2006)

Bi2Sr2CuOx thin films have been fabricated by atomic layer-by-layer deposition using the ion beam sputtering method. During the deposition, 10 and 90 wt%-ozone/oxygen mixture gas of typical pressure of 1~9×10(-5) Torr are supplied with ultraviolet light irradiation for oxidation. XRD and RHEED investigations reveal out that a buffer layer with some different compositions is formed at the early deposition stage of less than 10 units cell and then Bi-2201 oriented along the c-axis is grown.
New self-assembled supramolecular polymers formed by self-complementary sextuple hydrogen bond motifs (2012)

A new supramolecular material, N-(6-(3-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)propanamido)pyridin-2-yl)undec-10-enamide (U-DPy) possesses an extremely high association constant (Ka >107 M−1), which is able to dimerize through a self-complementary sextuple hydrogen-bonding array. As the end groups of an oligomer, U-DPy forms a self-assembling polymer system. These new mono- and difunctional telechelic supramolecular polymers have highly prominent properties, leading to a substantial increase in viscosity, thermal stability and unique morphology changes in the solid state. More surprisingly, they can self-organize into lamellar crystallization and a spherical structure. In addition, upon increasing the concentration in the solution state, the size of the resulting spherical structure is gradually increased. These spherical structures are constructed from supramolecular polymers with a high degree of polymerization.
Broadband high birefringence and polarizing hollow core antiresonant fibers (2016)

We systematically study different approaches to introduce high birefringence and high polarization extinction ratio in hollow core antiresonant fibers. Having shown the ineffectiveness of elliptical cores to induce large birefringence in hollow core fibers, we focus on designing and optimizing polarization maintaining Hollow Core Nested Antiresonant Nodeless Fibers (HC-NANF). In a first approach, we create and exploit anti-crossings with glass modes at different wavelengths for the two polarizations. We show that suitable low loss high birefringence regions can be obtained by appropriately modifying the thickness of tubes along one direction while leaving the tubes in the orthogonal direction unchanged and in antiresonance. Using this concept, we propose a new birefringent NANF design providing low loss (~40dB/km) and high birefringence (>10<sup>-4</sup>) over a record bandwidth of ~550nm, and discuss how bandwidth can be traded off to further reduce the loss to a few dB/km. Finally, we propose a polarization mode-stripping technique in the birefringent NANF. As a demonstration, we propose a polarizing birefringent NANF design that can achieve orthogonal polarization loss ratios as large as 30dB over the C-band while eliminating any undesirable polarization coupling effect thereby resulting in a single polarization output in a hollow core fiber regardless of the input polarization state.
Synthesis of some compounds containing divalent and trivalent boron cations (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of some compounds containing divalent and trivalent boron cationsC. W. Makosky, G. L. Galloway, and G. E. RyschkewitschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 11, 1972–1974Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50057a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50057a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A disciplined approach to neural network hyper-parameters: Part 1 -- learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay (2018)

Although deep learning has produced dazzling successes for applications of image, speech, and video processing in the past few years, most trainings are with suboptimal hyper-parameters, requiring unnecessarily long training times. Setting the hyper-parameters remains a black art that requires years of experience to acquire. This report proposes several efficient ways to set the hyper-parameters that significantly reduce training time and improves performance. Specifically, this report shows how to examine the training validation/test loss function for subtle clues of underfitting and overfitting and suggests guidelines for moving toward the optimal balance point. Then it discusses how to increase/decrease the learning rate/momentum to speed up training. Our experiments show that it is crucial to balance every manner of regularization for each dataset and architecture. Weight decay is used as a sample regularizer to show how its optimal value is tightly coupled with the learning rates and momentums. Files to help replicate the results reported here are available.
On the almost Goldbach problem of Linnik (1999)

Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, it is proved that for any <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> there is <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> depending on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> only such that every even integer <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a sum of two odd primes and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> powers of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:math> .
Does interferon improve portal hypertension? (2006)

Chronic hepatitis C is the leading cause of advanced liver disease in the Western world. Most patients with liver cirrhosis develop portal hypertension (PHT) (i.e. an abnormal gradient between portal and inferior vena cava pressures), responsible for the most frequent and severe complications of liver disease and, as a consequence, the main cause of death and liver transplantation in those patients. The existence of a potential beneficial effect of antiviral therapy (AVT) on liver inflammation and fibrosis, partially independent of the degree of virological response, has been recently reported. However, the possible influence of these histological changes on PHT has not been evaluated. In this article, we summarize the available findings regarding the effect of AVT on PHT in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C, as well as its possible implications for clinical practice and future avenues of investigation.
Iatrogenic Radial Nerve Palsy After Humeral Shaft Nonunion Repair (2016)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of Levels of Evidence.
<title>Speech transport for packet telephony and voice over IP</title> (1999)

Recent advances in packet switching, internetworking, and digital signal processing technologies have converged to allow realizable practical implementations of packet telephony systems. This paper provides a tutorial on transmission engineering for packet telephony covering the topics of speech coding/decoding, speech packetization, packet data network transport, and impairments which may negatively impact end-to-end system quality. Particular emphasis is placed upon Voice over Internet Protocol given the current popularity and ubiquity of IP transport.
Parallel analysis of tetramerization domain mutants of the human p53 protein using PCR colonies (2007)

A highly-parallel yeast functional assay, capable of screening approximately 100-1,000 mutants in parallel and designed to screen the activity of transcription activator proteins, was utilized to functionally characterize tetramerization domain mutants of the human p53 transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein. A library containing each of the 19 possible single amino acid substitutions (57 mutants) at three positions in the tetramerization domain of the human p53 protein, was functionally screened in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Amino acids Leu330 and Ile332, whose side chains form a portion of a hydrophobic pocket that stabilizes the active p53 tetramer, were found to tolerate most hydrophobic amino acid substitutions while hydrophilic substitutions resulted in the inactivation of the protein. Amino acid Gln331 tolerated essentially all mutations. Importantly, highly parallel mutagenesis and cloning techniques were utilized which, in conjunction with recently reported highly parallel DNA sequencing methods, would be capable of increasing throughput an additional 2-3 orders of magnitude.
Engineering Control for High Volume 390 Die Casting (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To functionally replace cast iron with aluminum and avoid the cost and design penalties associated with wear plates and steel inserts, an aluminum alloy with physical and wear properties superior to those available in 380 was required. 390 was first used, in high volume, during the early 1970’s by General Motors for the Vega engine block. When the Vega was superseded, extensive use of 390 stopped, but its unique ability to be used in applications subject to wear was not forgotten. This paper addresses the major engineering and metallurgical principles which must be considered and how they influence the various aspects of casting design and production.</div>
Batch Mode Active Learning for Networked Data (2012)

We study a novel problem of batch mode active learning for networked data. In this problem, data instances are connected with links and their labels are correlated with each other, and the goal of batch mode active learning is to exploit the link-based dependencies and node-specific content information to actively select a batch of instances to query the user for learning an accurate model to label unknown instances in the network. We present three criteria (i.e., minimum redundancy, maximum uncertainty, and maximum impact) to quantify the informativeness of a set of instances, and formalize the batch mode active learning problem as selecting a set of instances by maximizing an objective function which combines both link and content information. As solving the objective function is NP-hard, we present an efficient algorithm to optimize the objective function with a bounded approximation rate. To scale to real large networks, we develop a parallel implementation of the algorithm. Experimental results on both synthetic datasets and real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Morphological Changes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Induced by Bicyclomycin (1979)

Electron microscopic studies with Escherichia coli revealed that bicyclomycin inhibits septum formation and converts the cells to filamentous forms. The antibiotic induced high undulation and numerous blebs of the outer membrane. Sometimes cytoplasmic contents leaked into the lumen of the bleb through a disrupted region of the membrane. Breakage of the outer membrane or blebs led to cell lysis. Electron-dense masses of amorphous material and vesicles were found in the cytoplasm.
An In Vitro Investigation of Synergy or Antagonism between Antimicrobial Combinations against Isolates from Bacterial Keratitis (2010)

The combination of meropenem and ciprofloxacin was predominantly additive or synergistic for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Teicoplanin combined with meropenem, ciprofloxacin, or moxifloxacin was also predominantly additive or synergistic against S. aureus.
Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol Dependence (1999)

Recent reports documenting that naltrexone and acamprosate are more effective than placebo in the treatment of alcoholism justify clinical interest in use of these medications for alcohol-dependent patients. Use of disulfiram is widespread but less clearly supported by the clinical trial evidence; however, targeted studies on supervised administration of disulfiram may be warranted. Use of existing serotonergic agents or lithium for patients with primary alcohol dependence does not appear to be supported by the efficacy data available at this time; these medications may still have a positive effect in patients with coexisting psychiatric disorders.
Temporal persistence modeling for object search (2017)

We present a novel solution to the object search problem for domains in which object permanence cannot be assumed and other agents may move objects between locations without the robot's knowledge. We formalize object search as a failure analysis problem and contribute temporal persistence modeling (TPM), an algorithm for probabilistic prediction of the time that an object is expected to remain at a given location given sparse prior observations. We show that probabilistic exponential distributions augmented with a Gaussian component can accurately represent probable object locations and search suggestions based entirely on sparsely made visual observations. We evaluate our work in two domains, a large scale GPS location data set for person tracking, and multi-object tracking on a mobile robot operating in a small-scale household environment over a 2-week period. TPM performance exceeds four baseline methods across all study conditions.
Improved synthesis of 2-methoxypropene (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved synthesis of 2-methoxypropeneMelvin S. Newman and Michael C. Vander ZwanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 16, 2910Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00956a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00956a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views540Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and Electrical Characterization of 2-T Thyristor RAM With Low Power Consumption (2018)

In this letter, a Si-based two-terminal (2-T) thyristor random-access memory (TRAM) device is designed and characterized, and its operation window and power consumption are closely investigated by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. The properly scaled 2-T TRAM device has higher reliability since it can rule out impact ionization. Write time ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\text {write}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and erase time ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\text {erase}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) reach below 10 ns and zero energy is consumed to hold state achieving high competitiveness with the existing dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The state current ratio reaches higher than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> . Also, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {write}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and erase voltage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {erase}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of the 2-T TRAM appear to be below 2 and −1.2 V, respectively, in the permissible operation window, with less energy consumption compared with the conventional ones. The 2-T TRAM is a strong candidate for capacitorless DRAM technology.
Effect of Crystal Thickness and Geometry on the Alpha-Particle Resolution of CsI (Tl) (1960)

The resolution of CsI(Tl) for Po210 alpha particles has been measured as a function of crystal thickness. The best resolution of a ½-in. diam cylindrical crystal was obtained for a thickness of 0.38 mm, and the effect of thickness on the resolution is discussed. Based on the proposed model, a conical crystal was designed, which yielded a line width of 1.8% for Po210 alpha particles with a selected photomultiplier tube.
RML1 and RML2, Arabidopsis genes required for cell proliferation at the root tip. (1995)

New cells are produced from the meristematic tissues located at the shoot and root tip throughout the life of higher plants. To investigate the genetic mechanism regulating meristematic activity, we isolated and characterized four single-gene, recessive mutants in Arabidopsis fhaliana called root meristemless (rmn. Complementation tests identified two RML loci; RML7 maps to chromosome IV and RML2 maps to chromosome 111. These mutants produce normal embryonic roots that either did not undergo or experienced limited cell division following germination, resulting in primary roots of less than 2.0 mm in length. Mutants can produce lateral and adventitious roots, which can grow to a length comparable to the embryonic root and arrest, indicating that the growth arrest is unrelated to the embryonic dormancy process. Neither the addition of growth regulators to the media nor the removal of shoots can rescue mutant roots from growth arrest, indicating that the mutant phenotype is not caused by a shortage of known growth regulators or by a transmissible shoot inhibitor. Normal cell division ability in mutant embryo, shoot, and callus cells indicates that the RML gene functions are not part of the general cell division processes; rather, they are involved specifically in activating the cell division cycle in the root apical cells.
Late Breaking Results: New Computational Results and Hardware Prototypes for Oscillator-based Ising Machines (2019)

In this paper, we report new results on a novel Ising machine technology for solving combinatorial optimization problems using networks of coupled self-sustaining oscillators. Specifically, we present several working hardware prototypes using CMOS electronic oscillators, built on breadboards/perfboards and PCBs, implementing Ising machines consisting of up to 240 spins with programmable couplings. We also report that, just by simulating the differential equations of such Ising machines of larger sizes, good solutions can be achieved easily on benchmark optimization problems, demonstrating the effectiveness of oscillator-based Ising machines.