gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The oligosaccharide binding specificities of CD22 beta, a sialic acid-specific lectin of B cells. (1994)

CD22 beta is a B cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion and activation. We previously reported that a recombinant soluble form termed CD22 beta Rg is capable of binding alpha 2-6 sialylated complex N-linked oligosaccharides purified from lymphocyte glycoprotein ligands (Powell, L. D., Sgroi, D., Sjoberg, E. R., Stamenkovic, I., and Varki, A. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 7019-7027). Here, we utilize a number of naturally and enzymatically sialylated oligosaccharides and sialoglycoproteins to further define its lectin specificity and demonstrate that the minimal structure recognized is Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4Glc(NAc). Reduction of the glucose residue of Neu5-Ac alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4Glc diminishes the interaction, while truncation of the sialic acid side chain by mild periodate oxidation abolishes it. Branched oligosaccharides with two alpha 2-6-sialyl residues bind better, regardless of whether they were derived from N- or O-linked oligosaccharides or from gangliosides. alpha 2-3-Sialyl residues have no effect on binding, whereas increasing the number of alpha 2-6-sialyl residues on multiantennary oligosaccharides progressively improves binding. No specific feature of the core region affects binding, although the spacing of the alpha 2-6-sialyl residues on tetraantennary chains appears to have a significant effect. Of several model sialoglycoproteins examined, fetuin and transferrin had an apparent affinity no greater than that observed with free sialylated N-linked oligosaccharides. Some subfractions of these proteins displayed unexpectedly weak binding, suggesting that the protein backbone can exert a negative effect. In contrast, a subfraction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was identified as having a substantially higher apparent affinity than free oligosaccharides derived from it, indicating that multiple glycosylation sites may increase the apparent binding affinity. Thus, CD22 beta Rg contains a lectin activity specific for the minimal motif Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4Glc(NAc), and branched, multisialylated oligosaccharides are better ligands, regardless of the core sequences. Intact sialoglycoproteins can also interact, although with a variable affinity not directly predictable from the precise structure of their sialylated oligosaccharides chains. These data may help to explain why certain T and B cell surface sialoglycoproteins with the Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4Glc(NAc) motif are superior ligands, capable of mediating CD22 beta-mediated adhesion and activation events.
Erratum: Excimer laser etching of transparent conducting oxides [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>59</b>, 647 (1991)] (1991)

The value for the latent heat of vaporization for tin oxide was given in column one on p. 649 as 14 480 J g -'. It should read 2083 J g -'. The correct value was used for the calculations of the etch depth.
Select an entry mode (2007)

A mode of entry is an institutional arrangement chosen by the firm to operate in the foreign market. This decision is one of the most critical strategic decisions for the firm. It affects all the future decisions and operations of the firm in that country market. Since each mode of entry entails a concomitant level of resource commitment, it is difficult to change from one entry mode to another without considerable loss of time and money (V. Kumar and Velavan Subramanian (1997, p. 53)).
Second Harmonic Generation for Noninvasive Metrology of Silicon-on-Insulator Wafers (2007)

We report experimental results from noninvasive second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements applied to characterize separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) and bonded thin film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. Results demonstrate that the SHG response of the SOI structure can provide an indication of the quality of the buried oxide interfaces, including roughness, charge states, and detection of the presence of metallic contamination. The potential application of SHG as a noncontact metrology tool for process control is described
Mechanistic Evaluation of Dissociative Electron-Transfer and Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic Evaluation of Dissociative Electron-Transfer and Nucleophilic Substitution ReactionsNorio Kimura and Setsuo TakamukuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9, 4087–4088Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00088a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00088a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solid Phase Pegylation of Hemoglobin (2009)

A solid phase conjugation process was developed for attachment of polyethylene glycol to hemoglobin molecule. Bovine hemoglobin was loaded onto an ion exchange chromatography column and adsorbed by the solid medium. Succinimidyl carbonate mPEG was introduced in the mobile phase after the adsorption. Pegylation took place between the hemoglobin on the solid phase, and the pegylation reagent in the liquid phase. A further elution was carried out to separate the pegylated and the unpegylated protein. Analysis by HPSEC, SDS-PAGE, and MALLS demonstrated that the fractions eluted from the solid phase contained well-defined components. Pegylated hemoglobin with one PEG chain was obtained with the yield of 75%, in comparison to the yield of 30% in the liquid phase pegylation. The P(50) values of the mono-pegylated hemoglobin, prepared with SC-mPEG 5 kDa, 10 kDa and 20 kDa, were 19.97, 20.23 and 20.54 mmHg, which were much closer to the value of red blood cells than that of pegylated hemoglobin prepared with the conventional method.
Modulation of nitrogen vacancy charge state and fluorescence in nanodiamonds using electrochemical potential (2016)

The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV(-)) center in diamond has attracted strong interest for a wide range of sensing and quantum information processing applications. To this end, recent work has focused on controlling the NV charge state, whose stability strongly depends on its electrostatic environment. Here, we demonstrate that the charge state and fluorescence dynamics of single NV centers in nanodiamonds with different surface terminations can be controlled by an externally applied potential difference in an electrochemical cell. The voltage dependence of the NV charge state can be used to stabilize the NV(-) state for spin-based sensing protocols and provides a method of charge state-dependent fluorescence sensing of electrochemical potentials. We detect clear NV fluorescence modulation for voltage changes down to 100 mV, with a single NV and down to 20 mV with multiple NV centers in a wide-field imaging mode. These results suggest that NV centers in nanodiamonds could enable parallel optical detection of biologically relevant electrochemical potentials.
A sensor system for oil fraction estimation in a two phase oil-water flow (2009)

A sensor system for the study of an oil-water flow in a pipe is proposed. The purpose is to estimate the area fraction occupied by each fluid in a given section of the pipe, taking advantage of their different permittivity. The estimation is done by capacitance measurements between electrodes flush-mounted on the external surface of a nonconductive section of the pipe. A key contribution of the present work is to propose a solution based on a appropriate sensor head and tailored electronic interface to the problem of capacitive sensing in presence of conductive water which introduces parasitic coupling to stray elements outside the measurement section. The sensor system was designed, manufactured and experimentally tested. The results obtained for different fluid fractions and flow patterns were successfully compared with other reference methods.
CHOOSING THE BEST TEAT DIP FOR MASTITIS CONTROL AND MILK QUALITY (2001)

The prevention of bovine mastitis is the most important component of a mastitis control program, and both pre- and postmilking teat antisepses are the most effective procedures for preventing new intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cows. These procedures involve
أحاديث النبى صلي الله عليه وسلم في تقويم أخطاء الأطفال في الأخلاق (2013)

ABSTRAK Hadis-hadis yang terdapat dalam tulisan memaparkan tentang prilaku abi saw. dalam meluruskan kesalahan yang dilakukan anak pada beberapa hal terkait pada aspek akhlak dengan bijaksana sebagai berikut: (1) menegur anak yang melempar buah kurma, dengan sabda beliau wahai anak jangan lagi berbuat seperti itu, makanlah buah kurma yang sudah jatuh seraya mendo'akannya sambil mengusap kepalanya, Ya Allah kenyangkanlah anak ini ; (2) Beliau makan bersama anak-anak sambil meluruskan kesalahan mereka ketika mengambil makanan secara serampangan dan menyuruh mereka  makan dengan membaca basmalah dan makan dengan tangan kanan serta mengambil makanan yang terdekat dari mereka; (3) Membiasakan anak menundukkan pandangan dan menjaga auratnya; (4) Membantu dan mengajar anak cara menguliti daging kambing. Ketika itu beliau melewati anak-anak yang sedang menguliti daging kambing dengan cara yang kurang benar lalu Nabi meminta izin kepada mereka untuk mengajari mereka dengan cara memperlihatkan bagaimana menguliti daging kambing secara baenar; (5) Menegur anak yang mencukur sebagian rambut kepalanya dan meninggalkan sebagian yang lain, dengan menyatakan wahai nak, cukurlah seluruh rambut kepalamu atau membiarkannya seluruhnya (tidak mencukurnya
The prevalence of nickel allergy among women. An epidemiological study in hospitalized female patients. (1978)

Through an interview examination among hospitalized female patients the prevalence of nickel allergy has been found unexpected high. 241 patients have been invesitgated, of them 20 gave history compatible with nickel allergy. Five of them had had hand eczema, the four of them only for short periods. The study concludes, that larger epidemiologic studies are necessary to evaluate the frequence of hand eczema in nickel sensitive patients and its prognosis in relation to environmental factors.
Speckle-Shearing Interferometric Technique: a Full-Field Strain Gauge (1975)

An improved speckle-shearing interferometric method is presented that allows simultaneous determination of derivatives of surface displacements of a structure with respect to four different directions. The technique relaxes several limitations associated with conventional interferometry and thus is adaptable to nonlaboratory environments. The relevant theory is presented, and the method demonstrated by determining spatial derivatives of in-plane and out-of-plane displacements of statically loaded and vibrated structures.
The New World Order of Regional Trading Blocs (1992)

Southeast Asian Nations) is a relevant candidate.'These blocs, however strong or weak, are growing all around the world.Like the empires that preceded them, the regional trading blocs of the new economic world order may divide into a handful of protectionist superstates.If by the new political world order we mean increased American hegemony disguised as international cooperation, we may come to know the new economic world order as regional hegemony disguised as free trade.In this discussion, I will define the principal trading blocs (inventoried in Appendix), offer some judgments on where these blocs are heading, and share with you some observations on how the new world ordering by trading blocs may affect agricultural consultants. I. THE WORLD TODAY: DIVIDING INTO TRADING BLOCSWhat is a trading bloc?It is a preferential economic arrangement between a group of countries which might take a variety of textbook forms.These forms, in ascending order of integration, are:-Preferential trade arrangement.The United States has negotiated with its Caribbean neighbors trade preferences in the form of freer access to our markets.This Caribbean Basin Initiative, 5 as it is called, or CBI for short, is a preferential trade arrangement.-Free trade area.The United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement concluded in 1988 is one such arrangement. 6 Tariffs between the members are eliminated, but they keep their original tariffs against other countries.* Customs union.The members liberalize trade among themselves and erect a common tariff wall against all others.The 1969 South African Customs Union is an example of a customs union.' -Common market.A common market is the next step after a customs union.Now the members remove restrictions on the internal movement of the means of production.The European Community is the most successful of all common markets, but there are others, such as the newly revived Central American Common Market." 4.
A &#x0394;&#x03A3; fractional-N synthesizer with customized noise shaping for WCDMA/HSDPA applications (2008)

This paper describes a quantization noise reduction method in ΔΣ fractional-N synthesizer design based on a semidigital approach. By employing a phase shifting technique, a low power hybrid finite impulse response (FIR) filtering is realized which is suitable for RF applications. A prototype fractional-N synthesizer is implemented in 180nm CMOS for WCDMA/HSDPA applications. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress out-of-band phase noise to meet the phase noise mask requirements in various RF applications.
Direct detection of β‐1,3‐glucanase in plant extracts by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1995)

By using carboxymethyl (CM)-curdlan, a polysaccharide linked with the dye Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) as a substrate in polyacrylamide gels, the beta-1,3-glucanase in plant extracts can be detected directly by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to the usually used procedures for the detection of glucanases, e.g., colorimetric assay, overlay technique, enzyme activity staining using laminarin as a substrate, this method is rapid and allows both the determination of the activity and the location of the relative position of the multiple forms of beta-1,3-glucanases.
The identification of opportunities to improve pump system maintenance and reduce system energy losses (2009)

Pump systems are examined for the connection between high maintenance costs and excess energy use. Basic principles are reviewed and the practical design environment of a pump system is modeled in software. Mechanical output from the pump system is compared to the electrical power delivered. Losses are identified. The connection between low system efficiency and high maintenance is developed. An example is provided to illustrate the power of computer analysis to save costs and improve system availability.
Storage stability of biodiesel (1995)

Abstract Renewable vegetable fuels are spreading rapidly throughout Europe and North America. Because biodiesel fuel has now acquired an important market share, it is necessary to thoroughly examine aspects of its use not previously considered either at the research stage or when overhauling the production technology. One of these aspects is its medium‐term storage. The object of the present work is to study the behavior of biodiesel under controlled storage conditions that simulate those found in reality. Samples of biodiesel were kept in the dark, at two different temperatures (20°C and 40°C), in both glass and iron containers. They were controlled by the parameters that indicate their state of oxidation. Another group of samples was stored in glass and kept under the conditions described above in the presence of increasing quantities of water to determine its influence on the formation of acidity.
Effects of Trehalose Polycation End-Group Functionalization on Plasmid DNA Uptake and Transfection (2012)

In this study, we have synthesized six analogs of a trehalose-pentaethylenehexamine glycopolymer (Tr4) that contain (1A) adamantane, (1B) carboxy, (1C) alkynyl-oligoethyleneamine, (1D) azido trehalose, (1E) octyl, or (1F) oligoethyleneamine end groups and evaluated the effects of polymer end group chemistry on the ability of these systems to bind, compact, and deliver pDNA to cultured HeLa cells. The polymers were synthesized in one-pot azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions with an adaptation of the Carothers equation for step-growth polymerization to produce a series of polymers with similar degrees of polymerization. An excess of end-capping monomer was added at the end of the polymerizations to maximize functionalization efficiency, which was evaluated with GPC, NMR, and MALDI-TOF. The polymers were all found to bind and compact pDNA at similarly low N/P ratios and form polyplexes with plasmid DNA. The effects of the different end group structures were most evident in the polyplex internalization and transfection assays in the presence of serum as determined by flow cytometry and luciferase gene expression, respectively. The Tr4 polymers end-capped with carboxyl groups (1B) (N/P = 7), octyne (1E) (N/P = 7), and oligoethyleneamine (1F) (N/P = 7), were taken into cells as polyplex and exhibited the highest levels of fluorescence, resulting from labeled plasmid. Similarly, the polymers end-functionalized with carboxyl groups (1E at N/P = 7), octyl groups (1E at N/P = 15), and in particular oligoethyleneamine groups (1F at N/P = 15) yielded dramatically higher reporter gene expression in the presence of serum. This study yields insight into how very subtle structural changes in polymer chemistry, such as end groups can yield very significant differences in the biological delivery efficiency and transgene expression of polymers used for pDNA delivery.
Pharmacological Interaction With the Sigma1 (σ1)-Receptor in the Acute Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants (2011)

Selective agonists of the sigma-1 (σ(1)) ligand-operated chaperone protein, like igmesine or PRE-084, are antidepressants in preclinical depression models. σ(1)-Protein activation may contribute to the antidepressant efficacy of drugs known to act as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors through direct or indirect involvement of the σ(1)-receptor in the drug effect. We here compared antidepressant effects in two behavioral procedures, the forced swimming test (FST) and conditioned fear stress (CFS). The involvement of the σ(1)-receptor was examined using a co-treatment with the σ(1)-antagonist BD1047 or using σ(1)-knockout (KO) mice. Igmesine but not PRE-084 decreased FST immobility. The SSRI fluoxetine and sertraline, but not fluvoxamine, and the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine, desipramine, and amitriptyline were also effective. Only the effect of igmesine was blocked by BD1047 or in σ(1)-KO mice. Igmesine, PRE-084, fluvoxamine, and sertraline decreased the CFS immobility in a BD1047- and σ(1)-KO-sensitive manner. Among tricyclics, only amitriptyline was effective and its effect was unaffected by BD1047 or in σ(1)-KO mice. The behavioral effects induced by mixed σ(1)-receptor/SSRI antidepressants, like fluvoxamine or sertraline, may therefore involve a non-selective action at both targets. Moreover, the CFS appears to more reliably uncover a σ(1) pharmacological component in antidepressant screening.
The Open Images Dataset V4 (2020)

We present Open Images V4, a dataset of 9.2M images with unified annotations for image classification, object detection and visual relationship detection. The images have a Creative Commons Attribution license that allows to share and adapt the material, and they have been collected from Flickr without a predefined list of class names or tags, leading to natural class statistics and avoiding an initial design bias. Open Images V4 offers large scale across several dimensions: 30.1M image-level labels for 19.8k concepts, 15.4M bounding boxes for 600 object classes, and 375k visual relationship annotations involving 57 classes. For object detection in particular, we provide $$15\times $$ more bounding boxes than the next largest datasets (15.4M boxes on 1.9M images). The images often show complex scenes with several objects (8 annotated objects per image on average). We annotated visual relationships between them, which support visual relationship detection, an emerging task that requires structured reasoning. We provide in-depth comprehensive statistics about the dataset, we validate the quality of the annotations, we study how the performance of several modern models evolves with increasing amounts of training data, and we demonstrate two applications made possible by having unified annotations of multiple types coexisting in the same images. We hope that the scale, quality, and variety of Open Images V4 will foster further research and innovation even beyond the areas of image classification, object detection, and visual relationship detection.
The measurement of energy in acoustic emission (1974)

A circuit for measuring the energy in randomly occurring bursts of rf energy is described. The circuit is linear to within 10% (over a 15 dB dynamic range) for frequencies up to 1.5 MHz. Examples are given of its use with acoustic emission data from a martensitic phase transition in the indium thallium system and from a nondestructive test on a filament wound vessel.
The effects of atmosphere and additives on coal slag viscosity (1996)

With the advent of advanced coal-fired power systems operating at higher working fluid temperatures, slag corrosion, erosion, and fouling of heat exchanger surfaces will become even more of a problem than in today`s systems. Laboratory experiments have shown excessive corrosion of candidate alloy and ceramic heat exchanger materials by both calcium-rich subbituminous and iron-rich bituminous coal slags. The viscosity of the slag greatly affects the corrosion rate since it determines the rate of transfer of corrosive species to the materials and corrosion product away from the materials. Slag viscosity is controlled by the composition of the slag and surrounding atmosphere as well as its temperature. In this paper we report the results of investigations of the viscosities and critical temperatures of three coal slags in three atmospheres: air, air plus water vapor, and reducing gas. In addition, the effects of additions of alumina, magnesia, and copper oxide on viscosity, crystallization, and critical temperature of the slags are reported. Conclusions are drawn about appropriate test conditions for determining slag corrosion rates and about ways of modifying slag viscosity to reduce corrosion rates.