gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Programmed Natural Convection for Micromixing and Biochemical Reaction in a Single Microfluidic Chamber (2009)

Micromixing is a crucial step for biochemical reactions in microfluidic networks. A critical challenge is that the system containing micromixers needs numerous pumps, chambers, and channels not only for the micromixing but also for the biochemical reactions and detections. Thus, a simple and compatible design of the micromixer element for the system is essential. Here, we propose a simple, yet effective, scheme that enables micromixing and a biochemical reaction in a single microfluidic chamber without using any pumps. We accomplish this process by using natural convection in conjunction with alternating heating of two heaters for efficient micromixing, and by regulating capillarity for sample transport. As a model application, we demonstrate micromixing and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for an influenza viral DNA fragment. This process is achieved in a platform of a microfluidic cartridge and a microfabricated heating-instrument with a fast thermal response. Our results will significantly simplify micromixing and a subsequent biochemical reaction that involves reagent heating in microfluidic networks.
A multi-well version of in situ hybridization on whole mount embryos of Caenorhabditis elegans (1996)

We report an efficient procedure for in situ hybridization with a multi-well format on Caenorhabditis elegans embryos for large scale screening of gene expression patterns in this organism. Each hybridization well contains embryos at various stages throughout embryogenesis. The validity of the method was confirmed through results with control genes whose expression patterns have been reported; glp-1 in very early embryos, myo-2 in pharyngeal muscle and unc-54 in body wall muscle. Several collagen genes and a pepsinogen gene were also examined to establish a set of lineage-specific markers. As a pilot project, we examined approximately 100 unique cDNA species classified by our cDNA project, finding that approximately 10% of the cDNA groups were expressed in specific cells and at specific stages.
Frequency-shifting using bandpass sampling (1994)

A frequency-shifting technique is discussed that uses a digital filter to interpolate a bandpass-sampled signal at a low-pass position. The discussion focuses on the derivation of the required digital filter. It is shown that second-order bandpass sampling offers more flexibility than first-order bandpass sampling. It is also shown how well-known quadrature-sampling methods for frequency-shifting are special cases of the general second-order sampling technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Superposed multiquantum barriers for InGaAlP heterojunctions (1992)

In a visible-light laser using In/sub 0.5/(Ga/sub 1-x/Al/sub x/)/sub 0.5/P (0<or=x<or=1), the conduction-band discontinuity at the interface between the active layer and clad layer is not large enough to strongly suppress carriers overflowing into the clad layer, unlike in the GaAlAs system. A multiquantum barrier (MQB) is used to overcome this problem, and the electron-reflecting powers are calculated to determine the characteristics of this suppression. Electron-reflecting powers are calculated for a high-power, high-temperature laser with an In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/P active layer, an In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.15/ clad layer, and a set of superposed MQBs, and for a short-wavelength ( lambda :586-nm) laser composed of an In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.33/Al/sub 0.17/P active layer, an In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.15/Al/sub 0.35/P clad layer, and a set of superposed MQBs.<<ETX>>
Glomalean Fungi from the Ordovician (2000)

Fossilized fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (with an age of about 460 million years) strongly resemble modern arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes). These fossils indicate that Glomales-like fungi were present at a time when the land flora most likely only consisted of plants on the bryophytic level. Thus, these fungi may have played a crucial role in facilitating the colonization of land by plants, and the fossils support molecular estimates of fungal phylogeny that place the origin of the major groups of terrestrial fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomales) around 600 million years ago.
CameraMatch (2013)

We seek to increase both the enjoyment in a photo session and the amount of information of a photo by appending Manga iconography to photos automatically. By reducing the number of dimensions in a video to that of a photo, a user can easily understand events and the context of the video in less time. However, it is not easy to realize such a system. In this paper, toward automatic Manga iconography generation, we report on our feasibility study in which we attempted to associate subjects in a video with their smartphones.
Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften vor dem globalen Umweltproblem Zur Gründung der Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto 2003 (2004)

Aarskog(-Scott) syndrome (AAS) is characterized by short stature, and facial, limb, and genital anomalies. AAS can be an X-linked condition caused by mutations in the FGD1 gene, but there is evidence that an autosomal dominant or recessive form also exists. We report on a Chinese family in whom several members have manifestations of AAS, but differ in limb anomalies and show additional characteristics. FGD1 sequencing and linkage analysis excluded FGD1 as the cause in this family. A common known submicroscopic chromosome imbalance is less likely. Both autosomal dominant and recessive patterns of inheritance remain possible.
The lateral pivot shift: a symptom and sign of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. (1980)

The lateral pivot shift(LPS) is a special form of lateral compartment instability arising from anterior cruciate insufficiency. It is characterized by anterior subluxation of the tibial plateau out from beneath the lateral femoral condyle. As a consequence of this form of instability, deleterious changes of the knee joint take place, including meniscal tears, and articular cartilage erosions. The eventual result of continued symptomatic instability is late osteoarthritis of the knee. LPS is the most prominent form of instability of the knee in patients complaining of "giving way" of the knee, and recovery from severe soft-tissue injury to the knee joint.
Expression of Toll-like receptor-2 in premature rats with necrotizing enterocolitis and regulatory effects of glutamine (2011)

Objective To study the expression of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and caspase-3 in the intestine of premature rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),and to explore the protective effects and possible regulatory mechanism of glutamine (Gln) in the NEC.Methods Sixty premature rats (gestational age 21 d) were divided into three groups (n = 20 each) according to the random number table: control group,model group and Gln intervention group.Rats in model group were given formula feeding,hypoxia and cold stress.Rats in Gln intervention group were given Gln 0.3 g/kg to the formula feeding,hypoxia and cold stress.All the premature rats were sacrificed and the intestine tissues were obtained on the third day after birth.The histological changes of ileal tissues were scored after HE staining.The expression of TLR-2 and caspase-3 in jejunum,ileum and colon were detected by inmunohistochemistry,and the expression of TLR-2 mRNA in jejunum,ileum and colon were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results Pathology score of ileum in model group,Gln intervention group and control group were 3.10 ±0.99,2.40 ± 0.69 and 0.30 ±0.48,respectively.The expressions of TLR-2 protein in ileum were 2.53±0.94,2.15±0.82 and 1.57 ± 0.62 in the three groups respectively,and the expression of caspase-3 protein were 2.83 ± 0.45,2.70 ± 0.04 and 0.91 ± 0.29.The content of TLR2 mRNA in model group was 1.46 times higher than that of Gln intervention group and was 2.10 times higher than that of control group.Compared with the control group,the pathology score,expression of TLR-2 and caspase-3 protein,and TLR-2 mRNA in model group were significantly higher,P＜0.01.However,compared with the model group,those changes were improved in Gln intervention group,P＜0.05.Expression of TLR-2 mRNA positively correlated to the expression of caspase-3 protein (r=0.71,P＜0.01) and pathology score (r = 0.69,P＜ 0.01).Expression of caspase-3 protein positively correlated to the intestine injury pathology score (r=0.81,P＜0.01).Conclusions TLR-2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of NEC.Gln might reduce the expression of TLR-2 in the intestine,and decrease the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells to protect the intestine of preterm birth rats.

Key words: 
Enterocolitis,necrotizing;  Glutamine;  Toll-like receptor 2;  Apoptosis;  Premature birth;  Rats
Three‐dimensional numerical modeling of coarse‐grained clastic deposition in sedimentary basins (1999)

A three‐dimensional numerical model of clastic deposition in sedimentary basins is used to investigate the development of coarse‐grained deltas in response to relative sea level changes. The model incorporates fully three‐dimensional sediment delivery and deposition, together with incised channel formation and slope failure. A combined random‐walk/steepest‐descent algorithm is used to simulate sediment delivery from a drainage basin outlet to the depositional shoreline, together with a nonlinear three‐dimensional diffusion equation for modeling slope‐dependent sediment erosion, transport, and deposition. When sediment channels (transport pathways) are out of a specified grade, advective erosion occurs, thereby increasing the total sediment supply delivered to the basin. Multiple sediment sources into a basin can be simulated, together with tectonic subsidence and eustatic sea level changes. The model results presented display many of the key features observed in both modern and ancient coarse‐grained deltas. During periods of slowly changing and high relative sea level (highstands), a broad delta front progrades approximately radially away from the sediment source. Conversely, incised channels are developed during rapid falls of relative sea level, leading to localized deposition of deltaic lobes at the mouths of these channels. The incised channels initiate at the exposed delta front and propagate backward toward the sediment source. The rate of growth of incised channels is shown to be an important control on delta morphology, sediment distribution, and lowstand lobe size and location. Lobes are particularly well developed during periods of slowly changing low relative sea level (lowstands). Periods of rapid rise of relative sea level lead to flooding and infilling of incised channel systems and a rapid landward shift in deposition (transgressions). Incised channels and delta lobes are best developed in a model where tectonic subsidence is similar to that expected for hanging‐wall‐sourced deltas in extensional half‐graben settings. In contrast, both channels and lobes are less well developed in a model where tectonic subsidence is similar to that expected for footwall‐sourced deltas in such settings. Many of the features developed in the models are, by their nature, three dimensional, and two‐dimensional analysis of the model results can lead to erroneous interpretations of the causes of along‐strike variability. These aspects of sequence variability have important implications for the application of the sequence stratigraphic methodology to many sedimentary basins.
High-accuracy thickness measurement of a transparent plate with the heterodyne central fringe identification technique (2011)

In a modified Twyman-Green interferometer, the optical path variation is measured with the heterodyne central fringe identification technique, as the light beam is focused by a displaced microscopic objective on the front/rear surface of the test transparent plate. The optical path length variation is then measured similarly after the test plate is removed. The geometrical thickness of the test plate can be calculated under the consideration of dispersion effect. This method has a wide measurable range and a high accuracy in the measurable range.
Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs Single Well Fracturing Fracture Optimization Research (2011)

There are a lot of low permeability gas reservoirs in China. Generally, these reservoirs have low porosity and permeability characteristics. While, stabling and increasing oil and gas production in the future greatly depends on the development of these reservoirs and the proportion will continue to increase. Low permeability gas reservoir development proved that most of the wells need artificial fracturing before putting into production. It's difficult to determine fracture parameters of a fractured well in a low permeability gas reservoir. Based on a geological model of a low permeability gas reservoir, we apply the numerical simulation method to optimize the fracture parameters of fractured wells, including fracture azimuth, fracture location, fracture length and others. The results show that when the half fracture length is 120m, the optimal production is 10×104m3. Compared with non-fracturing, natural gas increased level of 35%, fracturing of low permeability gas wells to increase yield significantly.
Computer drafting of stones, wood, plant and ground materials (1979)

Architectural presentation drawings frequently require the drafting of stones, wood patterns, plants and ground materials, which, contrary to the majority of drafting tasks, cannot rely on repetitious procedures. This paper discusses and illustrates computer implemented algorithms which generate graphic representations of the above materials. Simulating a process known to be applied in practice is certainly a sound approach, and one such algorithm, applicable for the derivation of stone walls, is presented, But the majority of the algorithms discussed are based on a technique which introduces randomly generated disturbances on initially regular patterns. The latter algorithms in particular have produced highly satisfactory graphic representations, which include frequently hand-made qualities.
A New Versatile Synthesis of Ring‐Substituted 2‐Cyclopropylglycines and Related Amino Acids (1992)

Alkyl 2‐chloro‐2‐cyclopropylideneacetates 2 serve as universal starting materials for a new general synthesis of cyclopro‐pylglycines by a simple three‐ to four‐step methodology. 1,4‐Addition of nucleophiles, substitution with azide ion, and mild catalytic deprotection lead to a variety of salt‐free cyclopropyl‐substituted amino acids in good yields, including the natural products 2‐(1‐methylcyclopropyl)glycine ( 4 ) and cleonin ( 5 ).
Determination of the dielectric constant and density of cryogenic liquids (1975)

The determination of the density of cryogenic liquids, particularly those that represent mixtures of two or more components, is difficult and yet of considerable practical importance. The difficulties arising from carrying out high precision measurements at cryogenic temperatures are well known and need not be reviewed here. The practical importance of the results obtained with these measurements are perhaps less known since they are designed to meet the need of close inventory control, and equitable custody transfer. For these purposes it is necessary to know the density to at least ±0.1% at the prevailing temperature. While it is relatively easy to measure capacitances and hence dielectric constants to within this accuracy or better, the translation of these data into density with the help of the Clausius Mossotti equation (CME) is not as facile. This paper presents the results of dielectric measurements carried out in a large storage tank filled with liquid mixtures of ethane, propane, n-butane, and isobutane. It also examines the validity of linear mixing laws for these liquids and the use of the CME. Finally it interprets the observed changes in density in terms of the liquids compressibility.
Distribution of suspended sediment in a natural stream (1942)

The sediment‐load of a natural stream may be considered to be made up of two parts, the wash load and the bed‐materials load [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]. The wash load is the fine material washed into and through the reach under consideration by storm‐runoff. The bed‐materials load is derived from the bed of the stream and may be transported either by rolling along the bed or in suspension. The various particles moving in suspension come into contact with the bed with a frequency depending on their size.
Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for new generations of optical communication systems (1991)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. Desurvire, "Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for new generations of optical communication systems," Optics & Photonics News 2(1), 6- (1991) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Malicious-Secure Private Set Intersection via Dual Execution (2017)

Private set intersection (PSI) allows two parties, who each hold a set of items, to compute the intersection of those sets without revealing anything about other items. Recent advances in PSI have significantly improved its performance for the case of semi-honest security, making semi-honest PSI a practical alternative to insecure methods for computing intersections. However, the semi-honest security model is not always a good fit for real-world problems.
Isomerization of cyclohexane and hexane over silica- embedded triflate derivative catalysts (2001)

Isomerization of cyclohexane and hexane over silica-embedded tert-butyldimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate and lanthanum triflate is reported. Immobilization of these triflate derivatives was found to give materials exhibiting at least similar catalytic performances to the free molecules. Using these catalysts, the reactions occured at considerably lower temperatures than those prevailing in industrial processes. The catalysts could be recovered and reused. Traces of water had a favorable influence on the reaction, but led to more cracking to isobutane. Larger amounts of water caused catalyst deactivation.
Phenotypic heterogeneity in motor neuron disease patients with CuZn- superoxide dismutase mutations in Scandinavia (1997)

Four-hundred and fifty-one blood samples from Scandinavian patients with motor neuron disease were analysed for mutations in the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene. Forty-one (9.6%) of the 427 patients with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) form of the disease were found to have a disease-associated mutation, and 14 of these patients were apparently sporadic cases. A mutation was found in 12 of the 51 families with recognized familial ALS. The five different mutations found (Ala4Val, Val14Gly, Asp76Tyr, Asp90Ala, Gly127insTGGG) have different genetic characteristics and are associated with very variable phenotypes spanning from rapidly progressing disease with only lower motor neuron signs to very slowly progressing disease with both the upper and lower motor neuron systems affected. The patients showed different sites of onset, though the progressive bulbar palsy form of the disease appears to be rare among patients with a CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation. The progression of motor signs and symptoms followed the same basic pattern in patients with different mutations. Extra-motor system symptoms were frequent among patients with a CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation. The results suggest that patients with mutations in the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene constitute one disease entity. The Val14Gly and Asp76Tyr mutations have not been reported before, and the latter is the first mutation to be found in exon 3 of the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene.
Drugs in Psychiatry. By R. W. Medlicott, E. J. McInnes, N. McI. James. Ashburn Hall Education and Research Foundation, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1971. Pp. 46. Free on request. (1972)

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Design, Assembly and Reliability of Large Die (21 x 21mm2) and Fine-pitch (150pm) Cu/Low-K Flip Chip Package (2008)

This paper focused on design, assembly and reliability assessments of 21 × 21 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Cu/Low-K Flip Chip (65 nm technology) with 150 ¿m bump pitch. Metal redistribution layer (RDL) and polymer encapsulated dicing lane (PEDL) were applied to the chip wafer to reduce the shear stress on the Cu/low-K layers and also the strain on the solder bumps. The first level interconnects evaluated were Pb-free (97.5Sn2.5Ag), High-Pb (95Pb5Sn) and Cu-post/95Pb5Sn. Two different die thicknesses, such as 750 ¿m and 300 ¿m, were evaluated. the flip chip assembly of high-pb test vehicles required the right choice of flux and special alignment between the high-pb solder bumps and substrate presolder to ensure proper solder bumps and substrate pre-solder alloy wetting. Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was performed to investigate the impact of different underfill, on the inelastic strain of the outermost bumps and shear stress in the Cu/low-K layer. JEDEC standard reliability were performed on the test vehicles with different first level interconnects, die thickness, underfill materials and dicing methods.
1D and 2D photonic crystals for thermophotovoltaic applications (2004)

This paper explores the optical characteristics of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PhC) as spectral control components for use in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems. 1D PhC are used as optical filters while 2D PhC are used as selective thermal emitters. A Si/SiO2 1D PhC is fabricated using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The measurement and characterization of this structure is presented. A 2D hexagonal PhC of periodic holes is fabricated using interference litography and reactive ion etching (RIE) process. Our results predict that a TPV system utilizing a 2D PhC selective emitter and 1D Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> PhC optical filter promises significant performance improvements over conventional TPV system architectures.
ITERATIVE DENSE CORRESPONDENCE CORRECTION THROUGH BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT FEEDBACK-BASED ERROR DETECTION (2010)

A novel method to detect and correct inaccuracies in a set of unconstrained dense correspondences between two images is presented. Starting with a robust, general-purpose dense correspondence algorithm, an initial pose estimate and dense 3D scene reconstruction are obtained and bundle-adjusted. Reprojection errors are then computed for each correspondence pair, which is used as a metric to distinguish high and low-error correspondences. An affine neighborhood-based coarse-to-fine iterative search algorithm is then applied only on the high-error correspondences to correct their positions. Such an error detection and correction mechanism is novel for unconstrained dense correspondences, for example not obtained through epipolar geometry-based guided matching. Results indicate that correspondences in regions with issues such as occlusions, repetitive patterns and moving objects can be identified and corrected, such that a more accurate set of dense correspondences results from the feedback-based process, as proven by more accurate pose and structure estimates.