gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro susceptibility testing procedures for fosfomycin tromethamine (1991)

Fosfomycin tromethamine (previously fosfomycin trometamol) is an orally administered fosfomycin which may be used for single-dose therapy of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Fosfomycin tromethamine, norfloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibited greater than 90% of 352 bacterial isolates representing 25 different species; trimethoprim and nalidixic acid had narrower spectrums of activity. Strains of Escherichia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella species were much more susceptible when glucose-6-phosphate was added to the test medium, but isolates belonging to other genera were not affected.
Motion Compensation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (2004)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a digital signal pro-cessing technique which enhances the azimuth resolution of a radar image using the target Doppler history created by the motion of the radar platform. If the platform devi-ates from a constant velocity, straight-line path then im-age quality is lost and image details become unfocused. Motion compensation (MOCO) is a technique in which the position and attitude of the platform is recorded or estimated and then used to correct the scene’s Doppler history as if a straight-line, constant velocity path had been taken. Brigham Young University’s interferomet-ric synthetic aperture radar (YINSAR) was flown on a Cessna Skymaster which experienced significant motion due to the aircraft’s small frame. But using multiple motion sensors, such as an inertial measurement device and various GPS units, the motion can be compensated for. This report discusses some basic SAR theory, dis-cusses SAR interferometry, gives a brief description of YINSAR and measurement devices, investigates various SAR motion compensation algorithms, and displays se-lected image results from YINSAR.
Response rate after administration of a single dose of doxorubicin in dogs with B-cell or T-cell lymphoma: 41 cases (2006–2008) (2010)

Standard-of-care chemotherapy protocols for the treatment of dogs with lymphoma include doxorubicin. Many dogs with T-cell lymphoma did not respond to doxorubicin; therefore, multiagent protocols containing doxorubicin may not be optimal. Alternative protocols should be considered for dogs with T-cell lymphoma that do not respond to doxorubicin.
Electric Dipole Moment of SiO and GeO (1970)

The molecular beam electric resonance spectra of SiO and GeO have been measured. The electric dipole moments (in Debye) of SiO and GeO in the lower vibrational states are: VSiO28GeO7403.09823.282413.11783.303223.13723.323933.1574 The difference between observed and calculated dipole moment is quite similar in CO and SiO.
Droplet centrifugation, droplet DNA extraction, and rapid droplet thermocycling for simpler and faster PCR assay using wire-guided manipulations (2012)

A computer numerical control (CNC) apparatus was used to perform droplet centrifugation, droplet DNA extraction, and rapid droplet thermocycling on a single superhydrophobic surface and a multi-chambered PCB heater. Droplets were manipulated using "wire-guided" method (a pipette tip was used in this study). This methodology can be easily adapted to existing commercial robotic pipetting system, while demonstrated added capabilities such as vibrational mixing, high-speed centrifuging of droplets, simple DNA extraction utilizing the hydrophobicity difference between the tip and the superhydrophobic surface, and rapid thermocycling with a moving droplet, all with wire-guided droplet manipulations on a superhydrophobic surface and a multi-chambered PCB heater (i.e., not on a 96-well plate). Serial dilutions were demonstrated for diluting sample matrix. Centrifuging was demonstrated by rotating a 10 μL droplet at 2300 round per minute, concentrating E. coli by more than 3-fold within 3 min. DNA extraction was demonstrated from E. coli sample utilizing the disposable pipette tip to cleverly attract the extracted DNA from the droplet residing on a superhydrophobic surface, which took less than 10 min. Following extraction, the 1500 bp sequence of Peptidase D from E. coli was amplified using rapid droplet thermocycling, which took 10 min for 30 cycles. The total assay time was 23 min, including droplet centrifugation, droplet DNA extraction and rapid droplet thermocycling. Evaporation from of 10 μL droplets was not significant during these procedures, since the longest time exposure to air and the vibrations was less than 5 min (during DNA extraction). The results of these sequentially executed processes were analyzed using gel electrophoresis. Thus, this work demonstrates the adaptability of the system to replace many common laboratory tasks on a single platform (through re-programmability), in rapid succession (using droplets), and with a high level of accuracy and automation.
Notation (1994)

In the first four chapters, which provide the framework of our composite particle theory, we use cgs-units, while the applications discussed in Chapters 5–7 are formulated in natural units, i.e. with h = c = 1.
Impact of growth factors and PTHrP on early and late chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Common in vitro protocols for chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induce an inadequate, hypertrophic differentiation cascade reminiscent of endochondral bone formation. We aimed to modify chondrogenic protocols in order to identify potent inducers, promotors, and inhibitors to achieve better chondrogenesis. Nine factors suspected to stimulate or inhibit chondrogenesis were used for chondrogenic in vitro induction of MSC. Differentiation was assessed by immunohistochemistry, alcian-blue staining, qRT-PCR, and quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Pre-differentiated pellets were transplanted subcutaneously into SCID mice to investigate stable cartilage formation. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was always required for chondrogenic differentiation and deposition of a collagen-type-II-positive extracellular matrix, while bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, -4, -6, -7, aFGF, and IGF-I (10 ng/ml) were alone not sufficiently inductive. Each of these factors allowed differentiation in combination with TGF-beta, however, without preventing collagen type X expression. bFGF or parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PTHrP) inhibited the TGF-beta-responsive COL2A1 and COL10A1 expression and ALP induction when added from day 0 or 21. In line with a reversible ALP inhibition, in vivo calcification of pellets was not prevented. Late up-regulation of PTH1R mRNA suggests that early PTHrP effects may be mediated by a receptor-independent pathway. While TGF-beta was a full inducer, bFGF and PTHrP were potent inhibitors for early and late chondrogenesis, seemed to induce a shift from matrix anabolism to catabolism, but did not selectively suppress COL10A1 expression. Within a developmental window of collagen type II(+)/collagen type X(-) cells, bFGF and PTHrP may allow inhibition of further differentiation toward hypertrophy to obtain stable chondrocytes for transplantation purposes.
Learning Preferences with Millions of Parameters by Enforcing Sparsity (2010)

We study the retrieval task that ranks a set of objects for a given query in the pair wise preference learning framework. Recently researchers found out that raw features (e.g. words for text retrieval) and their pair wise features which describe relationships between two raw features (e.g. word synonymy or polysemy) could greatly improve the retrieval precision. However, most existing methods can not scale up to problems with many raw features (e.g. English vocabulary), due to the prohibitive computational cost on learning and the memory requirement to store a quadratic number of parameters. In this paper, we propose to learn a sparse representation of the pair wise features under the preference learning framework using the L1 regularization. Based on stochastic gradient descent, an online algorithm is devised to enforce the sparsity using a mini-batch shrinkage strategy. On multiple benchmark datasets, we show that our method achieves better performance with fast convergence, and takes much less memory on models with millions of parameters.
Comparisons of Current Concepts for Press Hardened Steel Tailor Welded Blanks and Tailor Rolled Blanks on Center Pillar Reinforcements (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Press hardened steels (PHS) are commonly used in automotive structural applications because of their combination of extremely high strength, load carrying capacity and the ability to form complex shapes in the press hardening process. Recent adoption of increased roof crush standards, side impact requirements and the increased focus on CO2 emissions and mass reduction have led autmotive manufacturers to significantly increase the amount of PHS being designed into future vehicle designs. As a way to further optimize the use of these steels, multi-gauge welded blanks of PHS and multi-material blanks of PHS to microalloyed steels of various thickness have been developed to help achieve these requirements. More recently, tailor rolled PHS, whereby the steel is rolled such that the thickness changes across the width of the sheet, have been developed. This paper will evaluate these technologies on a center-pillar reinforcement and compare the performance differences and challenges of these approaches.</div></div>
Small Maf proteins serve as transcriptional cofactors for keratinocyte differentiation in the Keap1–Nrf2 regulatory pathway (2004)

The small Maf proteins, MafF, MafG, and MafK, possess a leucine zipper (Zip) domain that is required for homodimer or heterodimer complex formation with other bZip transcription factors. In this study we sought to determine the identity of the specific constituent that collaboratively interacts with Nrf2 to bind to the Maf recognition element in vivo. Studies in vitro suggested that Nrf2 forms heterodimers with small Maf proteins and then bind to Maf recognition elements, but the bona fide partner molecules supporting Nrf2 activity in vivo have not been definitively identified. Nrf2 activity is usually suppressed by a cytoplasmic repressor, Keap1, so disruption of the keap1 gene causes constitutive activation of Nrf2. Nrf2 hyperactivity results in hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the esophagus and forestomach leading to perinatal lethality. However, simultaneous disruption of nrf2 rescued keap1-null mice from the lethality. We exploited this system to investigate whether small Mafs are required for Nrf2 function. We generated keap1 and small maf compound mutant mice and examined whether keratinocyte abnormalities persisted in these animals. The data show that loss of mafG and mafF in the keap1-null mice reversed the lethal keratinocyte dysfunction and rescued the keap1-null mutant mice from perinatal lethality. This rescue phenotype of mafG::mafF::keap1 triple compound mutant mice phenocopies that of the nrf2::keap1 compound mutant mice, indicating that the small Maf proteins MafG and MafF must functionally cooperate with Nrf2 in vivo.
Afterpulses in Photomultipliers (1967)

Present fabrication and activation techniques have reduced afterpulses from most photomultipliers to a point where they are rarely important. Nevertheless, with some tubes in certain applications they may present a serious problem. More important, however, is the fact that the study of afterpulsing gives valuable clues to the nature of dark current in multipliers and also reveals a surprisingly high yield of electrons from alkali antimonide (cathode) surfaces per ion incident on the surface. It has been found that afterpulses are the result of ionization of gas by electrons in the volume between the cathode and first dynode, The positive ions formed strike the cathode and cause the release of secondary electrons. The sharp pulse characteristic of afterpulses is due to the fact that the field distribution between the cathode and first dynode is such that the time required by an ion of given mass and charge to reach the cathode is nearly independent of the point of origin Observation of afterpulses produced by single photoelectrons indicates that the secondary-emission ratio for ions in a cesium-containing photocathode is in the neighborhood of 3. The time of occurrence of afterpulses can be closely correlated with the atomic mass of the residual gas in the tube. The pulse-height distribution of afterpulses produced by single ions appears to be identical with the larger dark-current pulses, and it is quite certain that this component of dark current is the result of ion bombardment of the cathode.
Further Development of a Genetic Algorithm for Ligand Docking and Its Application to Screening Combinatorial Libraries (1999)

We have previously reported the development and validation of the program GOLD (Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking), an automated ligand docking program that uses a genetic algorithm to explore the full range of ligand conformational flexibility with partial flexibility of the protein. The validation of the algorithm exposed certain weaknesses, particularly in its handling of hydrophobic ligands. We describe here a number of modifications designed to overcome these shortcomings. Using the improved algorithm we have investigated the relationship between the program's scoring function and ligand activity and applied the algorithm to screening combinatorial libraries. Using lipase as a target, GOLD docked a library of carboxylic acids and amines extracted from the Fine Chemicals Database. By predicting the binding modes of product from the predicted dockings of reactants the problem is considerably simplified. The success of this approach was verified by comparing the prediction obtained by docking the component reactants with the result obtained by docking the product. The procedure was repeated using a second library of sulphonyl chlorides and amines.
A high speed, high precision electron beam lithography system (system design) (1985)

A variably shaped electron beam lithography system HL-600 has been developed for use in a semiconductor factory. HL-600 was for high throughput. It is capable of direct wafer writing at high speed and also capable of mask writing at high accuracy. A very high speed beam control circuit has been developed. The pattern data were decomposed through the pipeline digital circuit. The settling time of the DA converter was shortened to 100 ns at full scale. An automated loader and wafer prealigner have been developed minimizing operator intervention. The specially designed computer and software system allow background processing pattern data during exposure. One of the most distinctive features of HL-600 is the mode changing function. The large deflection mode guarantees writing of ten 4-in. wafers per hour and the small deflection mode can accurately write submicron patterns. The mode change can be carried out immediately without special adjustment. This paper describes the system configuration in detail.
EC145: a novel targeted agent for adenocarcinoma of the lung (2012)

EC145 is a first in class, novel agent with a unique target. The companion diagnostic, EC20 may allow for enrichment of the patient population, and therefore accelerate development of the drug. The drug has demonstrated benefit in preliminary reports of trials in ovarian cancer. If similar benefit is demonstrated in lung cancer, the drug is likely to have significant use in lung cancer and other malignancies with overexpression of FRs.
Mid-IR high-index dielectric Huygens metasurfaces (2016)

In this paper, we proposed highly efficient all-dielectric Huygens’ metasurfaces working at mid-IR frequencies. The meta-atom of the designed Huygens’ metasurface is a cubic dielectric resonator or its variety, which is made from PbTe that possesses a high refractive index of around 5 at mid-IR frequencies. By overlapping spectrally both the magnetic and electric dipole modes of the high-index dielectric resonators, a full phase coverage of 2π and an equal-magnitude transmission could be achieved, which are essential conditions for realizing a metasurface. Two Huygens’ metasurfaces for beam bending are designed with a phase change between two consecutive meta-atoms of π/4 and π/3, respectively. The simulation results agree well with the design theory.
The histone acetyltransferase hMOF is frequently downregulated in primary breast carcinoma and medulloblastoma and constitutes a biomarker for clinical outcome in medulloblastoma (2007)

Loss of H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) acetylation was shown to be a common feature in human cancer. However, it remained unclear which enzyme is responsible for the loss of this modification. Having recently identified the histone acetyltransferase human MOF (hMOF) to be required for bulk H4K16 acetylation, here we examined the involvement of hMOF expression and H4K16 acetylation in breast cancer and medulloblastoma. Analysis of a recent mRNA expression profiling study in breast cancer (n = 100 cases) and an array-CGH screen in medulloblastomas (n = 102 cases), revealed downregulation in 40% and genomic loss in 11% of cases, respectively. We investigated hMOF protein expression as well as H4K16 acetylation in large series of primary breast carcinomas (n = 298) and primary medulloblastomas (n = 180) by immunohistochemistry. In contrast to nontransformed control tissues, significant fractions of both primary breast carcinomas and medulloblastomas showed markedly reduced hMOF mRNA and protein expression. In addition, hMOF protein expression tightly correlated with acetylation of H4K16 in all tested samples. For medulloblastoma, downregulation of hMOF protein expression was associated with lower survival rates identifying hMOF as an independent prognostic marker for clinical outcome in univariate as well as multivariate analyses.
Photo-arylation. VIII. Photosubstitution reaction of 2-fluoropyridine with indoles. (1988)

Photoreaction of 2-fluoropyridine with indoles gave 1-(2-pyridyl) indoles regioselectively.The yields of the coupling products were improved significantly by using the indole anion derivatives.A reaction mechanism involving charge-transfer excitation is proposed for the latter, while the former reaction was concluded to be caused by local excitations.
A generalized suboptimum unequally spaced channel allocation technique. I. In IM/DD WDM systems (1998)

Four-wave mixing (FWM) is the most serious fiber nonlinearity associated with low-input optical power levels in long-haul multichannel optical systems employing dispersion-shifted fiber. To reduce the crosstalk due to FWM, a generalized suboptimum unequally spaced channel allocation (S-USCA) technique is proposed and investigated. Even though the developed technique is useful in combating FWM crosstalk in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) lightwave systems with up to 12 channels, its main virtue is in designing multichannel WDM lightwave systems with more than 12 channels. Comparisons of power penalty due to FWM between equal channel spacing (ECS) systems and the S-USCA systems are presented. It is shown that for an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) transmission system operating in an optical bandwidth of 16 nm with 0 dBm (1 mW) peak optical input power per channel, while a conventional ECS WDM system with 0.84-nm channel spacing cannot even achieve a bit-error rate (BER)=10/sup -9/, the suboptimum technique developed in this paper, for the same minimum channel spacing, can achieve a BER=10/sup -9/ with an FWM crosstalk power of less than 1 dB at the worst channel in a 20-channel WDM system.
Reactions of phenyl isocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate with indole and metal derivatives of indole (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of phenyl isocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate with indole and metal derivatives of indoleE. Paul Papadopoulos and S. B. BedrosianCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 12, 4551–4554Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01276a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01276a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A pruned cooperative co-evolutionary genetic neural network and its application on stock market forecast (2014)

Aiming at neural network structure designing problems, a new hybrid pruning algorithm was put forward. The algorithm consists of three steps. Firstly, it uses cooperative co-evolutionary genetic algorithm (CCGA) and back propagation algorithm (BP) to optimize the number of neural nodes and the weight values; Secondly, it calculates the significance of the hidden layer neurons; Thirdly, in order to ensure that the generalization capability of the model and simplify the network structure further, it prunes the neurons which are not significant. Using the proposed hybrid pruning algorithm to forecast stock market, simulations show that the improved algorithm has better generalization ability and higher fitting precision compared with other optimization algorithms.
Stripping Analysis Using Ion-Transfer Voltammetry at Liquid/Liquid Interface (2001)

Principles and theory of stripping ion-transfer voltammetry at the organic solvent (O)/water (W) interface are described, in which a thin O-film is used to preconcentrate an ionic substance by electroextraction followed by stripping analysis using linear sweep voltammetry or normal pulse voltammetry. For ease of handling, the thin O-film was gelled by adding poly(vinyl chloride) to make an O-gel electrode. Lead(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) ions behave reversibly or quasi-reversibly in voltammetric transfer at the O/W interface assisted by 5,6-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine (DPT) present in the O-phase. Thus, these ions at trace levels can be determined using stripping ion-transfer voltammetry with the O(DPT)-gel electrode. The detection limit was as low as a few tens of nmol/l of these ions. Simultaneous determination of two or more ions is possible when their half-wave potentials of ion transfer are reasonably separated.