gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer in Cultured Thoracic Aorta and Renal Artery of Rats (1995)

Replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors have been used to transfer foreign genes effectively to a wide variety of cell types in vivo and in vitro. We have now used adenovirus containing either the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene (AdHCMVsp1LacZ) or the firefly luciferase gene (Ad5-luc3) to test the hypothesis that efficiencies of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery into organ cultures of smooth muscle differ according to the anatomic origin of the muscle. Thoracic aorta and renal artery were isolated from 9-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and exposed to adenovirus after 16 hours of incubation with serum-free medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium). With the use of histochemical methods, beta-gal staining was noted in both endothelial and adventitial cells but not in the muscular media of thoracic aorta and renal artery exposed to AdHCMVsp1LacZ. The efficiency of the transfection, assessed either by counting of beta-gal-stained cells in intact vessels or by measurement of beta-gal activity in tissue extracts, was higher in renal artery than thoracic aorta (P < .05). Consistent with this result, luciferase activity in renal artery exposed to Ad5-luc3 (15.9 +/- 2.1 x 10(6) relative light units per milligram protein) was higher than that in thoracic aorta (8.3 +/- 2.0 x 10(6), P < .05). To determine whether increased efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into renal artery is a function of the replication status of vessels, we assessed [3H]thymidine incorporation. [3H]Thymidine uptake by thoracic aorta was only 63% of that in renal artery (P < .05), indicating that more proliferating cells are present in renal artery. We conclude that the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into cultured renal artery is enhanced compared with that into thoracic aorta and propose that the increase in efficiency is related to the higher proliferative activity of renal artery.
Locomotor Capacity Attributable to Step Training Versus Spontaneous Recovery After Spinalization in Adult Cats (1998)

Locomotor performance, hindlimb muscle activity and gait patterns during stepping were studied in step-trained and non-trained female, adult spinal cats. Changes in locomotor characteristics relative to prespinalization bipedal and quadrupedal stepping patterns were used to evaluate the effects of step training on the capacity to execute full weight-bearing stepping after spinalization. Step training consisted of full weight-bearing stepping of the hindlimbs at the greatest range of treadmill speeds possible at any given stage of locomotor recovery. In the initial stages of training the limbs were assisted as needed to execute successful steps. On the basis of two behavioral criteria, the maximum speed of treadmill stepping and the number of successful steps per unit time, the ability to step was at least 3 times greater in animals trained to step versus those allowed to recover spontaneously, i.e., the non-trained. The greater success in stepping was reflected in several physiological and kinematic properties. For example, the amplitude of electromyograph (EMG) bursts in the tibialis anterior (an ankle dorsiflexor), the amount of extension at the end of both the stance (E3) and swing (E1) phases of the step cycle, and the amount of lift of the hindlimb during swing were greater in step-trained than in non-trained spinal cats. The changes that occurred in response to training reflected functional adaptations at specific phases of the step cycle, e.g., enhanced flexor and extensor function. The improved stepping capacity attributable to step training is interpreted as a change in the probability of the appropriate neurons being activated in a temporally appropriate manner. This interpretation, in turn, suggests that step training facilitated or reinforced the function of extant sensorimotor pathways rather than promoting the generation of additional pathways. These results show that the capacity of the adult lumbar spinal cord to generate full weight-bearing stepping over a range of speeds is defined, in large part, by the functional experience of the spinal cord after supraspinal connectivity has been eliminated. These results have obvious implications with regards to 1) the possibility of motor learning occurring in the spinal cord; 2) the importance of considering "motor experience" in assessing the effect of any postspinalization intervention; and 3) the utilization of use-dependent interventions in facilitating and enhancing motor recovery.
Clustering model to identify biological signatures for English language anxiety (2010)

The high-level contribution of this paper is the development of a clustering model to identify biological signatures for language anxiety in non-native English speakers. We use the Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV)-based Electro-photonic impulse analyzer to collect electro-photonic emission of fingertips, called GDV-grams, of students belonging to three different categories: Native English speakers, Indians (Commonwealth country) and Confucian Heritage Cultures (CHC). The built-in GDV-software analyzes the GDV-grams of an individual and quantifies the activity status of the organs/organ systems in the form of energy coefficients (EC). The basic idea behind our clustering model is to first compute the average of the absolute difference in the EC values, Δ(EC), for each of the three categories of the students, before and after a language test. Using the average Δ(EC) values for native English speakers as the baseline, we compute the relative absolute difference, ΔΔ(EC), in the energy coefficient values for the CHC group and the Indians. We run the K-Means clustering algorithm on a ΔΔ superset comprising of ΔΔ(EC) values obtained for the different organs/organ systems for the CHC group and the Indian students and classify these values to three different clusters representing organs/organ systems that have low, moderate and high impact due to English language anxiety. The corresponding range of the ΔΔ(EC) values are the biological signatures for anxiety of non-native English speakers with respect to any particular language activity and can be used as benchmarks to classify a test subject as having low, moderate or high levels of English language anxiety.
<scp>ggtree</scp> : an <scp>r</scp> package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data (2016)

Summary We present an r package, ggtree , which provides programmable visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees. ggtree can read more tree file formats than other softwares, including newick , nexus , NHX , phylip and jplace formats, and support visualization of phylo, multiphylo, phylo4, phylo4d, obkdata and phyloseq tree objects defined in other r packages. It can also extract the tree/branch/node‐specific and other data from the analysis outputs of beast , epa , hyphy , paml , phylodog , pplacer , r8s , raxml and revbayes software, and allows using these data to annotate the tree. The package allows colouring and annotation of a tree by numerical/categorical node attributes, manipulating a tree by rotating, collapsing and zooming out clades, highlighting user selected clades or operational taxonomic units and exploration of a large tree by zooming into a selected portion. A two‐dimensional tree can be drawn by scaling the tree width based on an attribute of the nodes. A tree can be annotated with an associated numerical matrix (as a heat map), multiple sequence alignment, subplots or silhouette images. The package ggtree is released under the artistic‐2.0 license . The source code and documents are freely available through bioconductor ( http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ggtree ).
Postoperative Discitis (1987)

Postoperative discitis (POD) continues to be a diagnostic challenge and its management remains variable. This article raises the following questions and presents new observations. What is the current role of the CT scan in POD? Is a uniform pathogen involved and is there a basis for the duration of intravenous antibiotics? What is the expected long-term functional result? In a retrospective analysis of 12 consecutive patients with POD followed for an average of 29 months (17-42 months), the CT scan was extremely sensitive in showing a pathogen was present. The CT scan was misread in over one-third of the cases. Gram-positive cocci were the only organisms cultured (10 of 13 cultures, 8 of 12 patients). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) invariably fell predictably to normal within 90 days when patients were treated with IV antibiotics for more than 40 days. Most patients were clinically improved and subjectively better at follow-up examination. No correlation existed between the patient's subjective result and preexisting medical conditions, the type of antibiotic, or the length of treatment, the ESR, or the follow-up roentgenograms.
Incremental Value of Platelet Reactivity Over a Risk Score of Clinical and Procedural Variables in Predicting Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via the Femoral Approach (2015)

Background— Growing evidence suggests that platelet reactivity (PR) may predict bleeding. We investigate the incremental value of PR in predicting bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the femoral approach over a validated bleeding risk score (BRS) of clinical and procedural variables. Methods and Results— A total of 800 patients undergoing elective PCI via the femoral approach were included. PR was measured before PCI with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay and low PR was defined as a P2Y12 reaction unit value ≤178. Calculation of the BRS included the following: age, sex, intra-aortic balloon pump, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, chronic kidney disease, anemia, and low-molecular-weight heparin within 48-hour pre-PCI. A new risk score including low PR (BRS-PR) was developed and validated in an independent cohort of patients (n=310). Bleeding events at 30 days after PCI were defined according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, Randomized Evaluation in PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events (REPLACE)-2, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria. Both BRS and PR showed high discriminatory power for bleeding (area under the curve [AUC] >0.7 for all definitions). Discriminatory power of BRS-PR (AUC=0.809 for thrombolysis in myocardial infarction bleeding; AUC=0.814 for Bleeding Academic Research Consortium class ≥2 bleeding; AUC=0.708 for Bleeding Academic Research Consortium class ≥3 bleeding; and AUC=0.813 for REPLACE-2 bleeding) was significantly higher than that of BRS alone ( P <0.001 for all bleeding definitions). In the validation set, BRS-PR showed higher discriminatory power for thrombolysis in myocardial infarction bleeding than BRS alone (AUC=0.788 versus 0.709; P =0.036). Conclusions— PR has incremental predictive value on bleeding events after elective PCI via the femoral approach over a validated risk score of clinical and procedural variables. A risk score including PR yields significantly better prognostic performance compared with the original BRS.
Isolation and Extraction of flavonoid from the leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina and evaluation of DPPH-scavenging antioxidant potential (2015)

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.
Therapeutic Potential of n-3 Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid for Three Cases of Crohn's Disease. (1998)

外来通院中のクローン病の3症例 (男性27歳, 31歳, 38歳) を対象に, n-3系脂肪酸錠を1日10錠 (n-3系脂肪酸1.1g) を4～25週間投与し, n-3系脂肪酸によるクローン病の炎症改善維持効果を検討した。炎症の指標であるCRPは, 投与前3症例各々5.4, 5.2, 0.8mg/dlに対して, 投与4～25週間後, 各々3.1, 3.3, 0.5mg/dlへと減少し, 炎症の改善が認められた。他の生化学値の赤血球数, 血清ヘモグロビン, 血清鉄, 血清総たんぱく質量やアルブミン値にはほとんと変化が認められなかった。血清中のn-3系脂肪酸は, 3症例各々投与前9.2, 15.6, 22.1mg/dlから投与4～25週間後, 各々18.1, 17.5, 29.6mg/dlへ増加したが, n-6系脂肪酸は同程度であった。従って, n-3系とn-6系の比 (n-3/n-6比) は投与後1.2～2倍となり, 血清中のn-3系脂肪酸量とn-3/n-6比の改善が認められた。これらの結果から, n-3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の摂取が炎症性腸疾患の炎症改善と緩解維持に有効であることが示唆された。
Epoxidation of some vegetable oils and their hydrolysed products with peroxyformic acid - optimised to industrial scale (2009)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2020 Impact Factor: 0.515The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip (2008)

Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as MR arthrography (MRA) have been important diagnostic tools to assess for a spectrum of clinical presentations related to the hip. MRA has allowed the radiologist to closely examine intracapsular structures such as the acetabular labrum. In this article, we provide a general review of soft tissue and osseous anatomy of hips, especially focusing on the MR appearances of the acetabular labrum and the osseous morphology of the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity with their muscle and tendon attachments. In addition, current topics in recent literature will be discussed such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and rotator cuff tears of the hip.
A Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of 8 Clear Sky Models (2016)

We provide a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of 8 clear sky models used in Computer Graphics. We compare the models with each other as well as with measurements and with a reference model from the physics community. After a short summary of the physics of the problem, we present the measurements and the reference model, and how we "invert" it to get the model parameters. We then give an overview of each CG model, and detail its scope, its algorithmic complexity, and its results using the same parameters as in the reference model. We also compare the models with a perceptual study. Our quantitative results confirm that the less simplifications and approximations are used to solve the physical equations, the more accurate are the results. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of each model, and how to further improve their accuracy.
Chemical depolymerization of lignin involving the redistribution mechanism with phenols and repolymerization of depolymerized products (2013)

The first example of chemical depolymerization of lignin involving the redistribution mechanism with phenols in water with a copper catalyst was demonstrated. By using this new method, lignin can be depolymerized under mild conditions such as at 80 °C, atmospheric pressure. This invention is the first demonstration of the depolymerization of lignin using chemical degradation with phenols. The depolymerized oligomeric lignin can be repolymerized and form a polymer by the esterification of hydroxyl groups in the depolymerized oligomeric products with sebacoyl chloride.
UK Experiences of Using Coalition Battle Management Language (2011)

The development of Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) has provided a new set of tools to enable C2-Simulation interoperability to be achieved using common, international standards rather than the customised and sometimes ad hoc methods used previously. Furthermore, it permits complex, multi-national coalition federations to be designed and executed. NATO MSG-048 was established in 2006 to evaluate C-BML as a practical means of achieving C2-Simulation interoperability and as part of its chartered activities conducted a number of C-BML experiments culminating in an ambitious experiment in November 2009. MSG-085 has been established to build on the earlier work of MSG-048 and its programme of work includes focussed experimentation and evaluation of different C-BML systems. This paper addresses issues in early implementation of C-BML for the next generation of C-BML, including multiple simulations, translators, the Military Scenario Definition Language, and C-BML middleware. This paper is intended to complement companion papers on servers and grammar in a session on distributed military simulation in coalitions.
Statistical Analysis of the articles about the researches on nationalities reprinted in Duplicated Materials by People's University in 2001-2004 (2006)

The author of the article takes the articles about the researches on nationalities reprinted in the Duplicated Materials in 2001-2004 as material resources,makes a statistical analysis of the headings of columns,the working provinces of the authors,selection of the periodicals,and the cited journals,etc.so as to help the lovers who are interested in researches on the nationality problems.
Comparing Dynamic Consumer Choice in Real and Computer-Simulated Environments (1992)

Actual supermarket purchases made by consumers over a seven-month period are compared with the choice decisions collected in one sitting in a laboratory simulation. The laboratory simulation was designed to mimic the original market environment. Although there were systematic biases in predictions, of true purchase behavior from the simulated data, the "compressed simulations" were reasonably valid in predicting market shares and promotion sensitivity for brands across consumers. Coauthors are Bari A. Harlam, Barbara E. Kahn, and Leonard M. Lodish. Copyright 1992 by the University of Chicago.
Tunable ring laser based on a semiconductor optical amplifier at 1300 nm using a simple wavelength selection filter (2008)

A simple, compact, and low cost tunable ring laser with a commercial semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) was demonstrated. The tunable ring laser is based on an external wavelength filter cavity that is analogous with the Littman configuration with a diffraction grating, a mirror, and a simple slit. The unique structural advantage of this new system is that the slit is displaced to select a desired wavelength instead of tilting the mirror as in the Littman configuration. This allows easy control over the selected wavelength by the translating action of the slit. The full width half maximum (FWHM) wavelength turning range is 45 nm, and the wavelength resolution is about 2 pm. The demonstrated tunable ring laser has 2 mW output power. The side mode suppression ratios is 70-73 dB.
Interleukin-10 Controls the Onset of Irreversible Septic Shock (2002)

Lethality from sepsis is believed to be mediated by a proinflammatory cytokine cascade, yet blocking the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) fails to prevent mortality in human disease and a mouse model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The role of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the CLP model of sepsis is unclear, with either protective or harmful effects demonstrated, depending upon the time of intervention. We therefore hypothesize that IL-10 functions as a temporal regulator of the transition from early reversible sepsis to the late phase of irreversible shock. Transition from reversible sepsis to irreversible shock in the CLP model was defined as the time when removal of the necrotic cecum by rescue surgery is no longer effective. We subjected IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) and wild-type (IL-10(+/+)) mice to CLP and monitored the progression of sepsis, the onset of irreversible shock, and mortality. Onset of lethality in IL-10(-/-) mice occurred significantly earlier than in IL-10(+/+) mice and was associated with 15-fold-higher serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6. Consistent with these findings, the efficacy of rescue surgery after lethal CLP is lost 10 h earlier in IL-10(-/-) mice than in IL-10(+/+) mice. Treatment with recombinant human IL-10 5 h after CLP significantly improved survival and lengthened the therapeutic window for rescue surgery in both strains of mice. These results demonstrate that IL-10 controls the onset of irreversible septic shock after CLP.
Chemical analyses of geothermal waters from a South Louisiana well (1977)

The abandoned Edna Delcambre No. 1 gas well, about 8 miles south of Delcambre, Louisiana was reopened and bottom-hole and flowing samples were collected. McNeese State University was responsible for the analyses of the products of the well. Typical values from the analyses are shown for such quantities as: pH, turbidity, conductance, density, total dissolved solids, hardness, viscosity, dissolved silicates, chlorides, bicarbonates, etc. Some observations on these values are made. (MHR)
History data facility in the SLC control system (2002)

Two major enhancements to the SLC History Data Facility are described. The internal design and procedures used for saving and using long-term history data are outlined. The user interface, facilities, and application of the history data comparisons subsystem, which is used for analyzing and correlating two or more accelerator device histories, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of Measurement Limit for Open Solder Bumps on a Flip-Chip Package Using a Laser Ultrasonic Inspection System (2006)

The adoption of surface-mount technology has spurred a rapid decrease in the size of electronic packages. Advanced active component packages, such as flip-chips, chip scale packages (CSPs), and ball grid arrays (BGAs), are attached to a printed wiring board (PWB) with small solder bumps between the bottom of the device and the board. The attachment method reduces package size, but the solder connections are no longer visible for inspection. Although lead frame packages can be inspected using automated camera equipment, other techniques, such as scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and automated X-ray inspection (AXI), have been used for screening these advanced packages for missing and shorted solder joints online in a manufacturing facility. However, they have trouble identifying open solder joints, especially when applied on-line. An inspection system based on laser-generated ultrasound and interferometric techniques has been developed. The system uses short pulses of high-intensity infrared energy from an Nd:YAG laser to excite the bulk of a chip into vibration through the principle of laser-generated ultrasound. The vibration response of a reference good chip attached to the substrate is measured and compared with vibration responses from other chips. Changes in the vibration response indicate a change in the quality of the chip or its attachment to the PWB. Previously, this system has been used to identify misalignment in CSPs and flip-chips, to identify missing solder bumps, and for detecting structural cracks in chips. In this paper, the ability of the current inspection system to identify open solder joints is investigated. Peripheral array, 48-bump daisy-chain flip-chips (PB18) without underfill were used as a test vehicle. This flip-chip has a higher I/O count and smaller, more closely spaced bumps than previous flip-chip specimens. Individual solder pads were removed from the PWB design, and test specimens with zero to seven adjacent open solder bumps were created. After exciting the chips with laser pulses, the impulse responses at 48 points on the surface of each chip were recorded. Data analysis is performed to compare the responses from reference chips and chips with open solder joints. Results show that the system has the ability to detect open joints for the flip-chip package, and statistical analysis of the results from repeated comparisons between the good and defective chips is employed to establish a detection threshold.