gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple metal-carbon bonds. 41. Wittig-like reactions of tungsten alkylidyne complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple metal-carbon bonds. 41. Wittig-like reactions of tungsten alkylidyne complexesJohn H. Freudenberger and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 2, 398–400Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00133a041https://doi.org/10.1021/om00133a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of stochastic control techniques to chaotic nonlinear systems (1989)

A control algorithm based on stochastic control techniques is devised for chaotic nonlinear systems. The algorithm uses a state estimator based on the Kalman filter, and yields performance improvements in at least some regions of state space with respect to that obtainable by use of a controller utilizing only the conditional mean of the system state vector. The method is applied to two typical chaotic nonlinear systems (the Henon-Heiles system and the Lorenz system), and their behavior with control is explored numerically.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lanthanide-Containing Polycations for Monitoring Polyplex Dynamics via Lanthanide Resonance Energy Transfer (2014)

Theranostic nanomaterials have emerged in the past decade that combine therapeutic delivery and diagnostic imaging into one package. Such materials offer the opportunity to aid diagnosis, track therapeutic biodistribution, and monitor drug release. We have developed a series of nucleic acid delivery polymers containing oligoethylene amines that are able to be protonated at physiological pH (for binding/compacting pDNA) and a lanthanide-chelating domain, which imparts diagnostic functionality. Diamine monomers (containing between 3 and 6 Boc-protected ethyleneamines) were prepared via a multistep procedure involving the selective protection and deprotection of primary and secondary amines. The polymer structures were then synthesized by step-growth polymerization of the oligoethylene diamines with a bisanhydride of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA-BA), yielding degrees of polymerization between 18 and 24. Chelation of the polymers with gadolinium and terbium was performed to offer MRI contrast agent and luminescence properties, respectively. All of the polymer chelates were found to house approximately one water coordination site, as calculated by the Horrock's equation and possess longitudinal relaxivities (r1, on a per Gd basis) at least twice that of Magnevist, a clinical contrast agent. All the structures formed polyplexes with pDNA with highly positive zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters around 50-80 nm. Lanthanide resonance energy transfer (LRET) was used to monitor polyplex association and dissociation. Polyplexes were formed using the donor-acceptor pair comprising of terbium-chelated polymer with five ethyleneamines within the repeat unit (6c-Tb) and tetramethyl rhodamine (TMR)-labeled pDNA. Association/dissociation in the presence of heparin and NaCl was monitored. The effect of amine number along the polymer backbone on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity was also investigated. None of the polymers revealed cytotoxic effects with cultured cells; however, the polymer with six ethyleneamines clearly offered the highest transfection efficiency. This preliminary study offers insight into the development of materials with the ability to monitor polyplex unpackaging over time within the cellular environment.
Effects of area-of-interest display characteristics on visual search performance and head movements in simulated low-level flight. (1993)

Abstract : An investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of area-of- interest (AOI) display characteristics on target detection performance and head movements. Two AOI display conditions were compared: a small (26.44 by 21.51 deg horizontal and vertical), higher resolution AOI and a large (40.00 by 30.00 deg horizontal and vertical), lower resolution AOI. The observers viewed a computer- generated visual scene consisting of three-dimensional cylinder-shaped objects placed upright on a desert like terrain surface. Black bands were modeled on some of the cylinders, and the bands constituted the targets. Cylinders height and diameter were varied alon with the position of the banded cylinders relative to the flight path of the simulated aircraft. Both pilots and nonpilots were used as observers. Results indicate that target detection distance varied as a function of AOI condition and the height and diameter of the cylinders on which the bands were placed, but not type of observer. Both horizontal and vertical head movements were sensitive to the differences between the AOI conditions, and the vertical movements were also influenced by type of observer. We recommend that the small, higher resolution AOI be used in situations where greater target detection distance and higher image detail are required.
A Novel “By Difference” Method for Assessing Dermal Absorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Soil at Federal Contaminated Sites (2011)

A highly precautionary cost-effective method for estimating dermal absorption using data from 24-h skin soap washes from in vitro dermal absorption tests in Bronaugh flow-through diffusion cells with human skin is reported. Skin was dosed with 16 U.S. Environmental Protection (EPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) applied in mixture each at 2 μg/ml (ppm) in acetone without soil. Concurrent tests were conducted with an unspiked aqueous suspension of PAH-contaminated soil obtained from a Canadian federal contaminated site. Percentage dermal absorption was estimated "by difference" from the applied dose and that detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 24-h skin soap washes. The dermal absorption for 11 PAH ranged from 71 to 88.3% without and with soil, respectively. Lower absorption was found for 5 PAH in soil, in the range of 26.4 to 60.8%. Data could not be corrected for evaporative loss due to inconsistent data from Tenax adsorbent. Corroboratory gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) tests are needed. Previously published in vitro data from the authors' laboratory supported use of the "by difference" method.
22-nm fully-depleted tri-gate CMOS transistors (2012)

At the 22-nm technology node, fully-depleted tri-gate transistors were introduced for the first time on a high-volume manufacturing process. Fabricated on a bulk silicon substrate, these transistors feature a third-generation high-k + metal-gate technology and a fifth generation of channel strain techniques resulting in the highest drive currents yet reported for NMOS and PMOS. The use of tri-gate transistors provides steep subthreshold slopes (~70 mV/decade) and very low DIBL (~50 mV/V) values that are critical for low voltage operation. Self-aligned contacts are implemented along with the tri-gate transistors to eliminate restrictive contact-to-gate registration requirements from scaling the gate pitch. This enables an SRAM cell size of 0.092 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . High yield and reliability have been demonstrated on multiple microprocessors.
Microelectronically fabricated LiCoO2∕SiO2/polycrystalline-silicon power cells planarized by chemical mechanical polishing (2006)

Monolithic integration of different electronic circuit elements onto a single chip is beneficial for the purpose of reducing overall system cost as well as improving performance and reliability. Integrating a power unit onto a silicon chip requires the implementation of a thin-film solid-state battery that is compatible with existing silicon integrated circuit technology in terms of manufacturing methods, materials, and performance. One of the materials in the battery industry, studied by us, is silicon dioxide (SiO2). The high level of process control for thin SiO2 layers which is a result of microelectronic advances, its insulating properties, and its past reported permeability to light ions have motivated us to exploit SiO2 as a solid-state electrolyte in our integrated thin-film battery. This SiO2 electrolyte layer is thermally grown from an amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin layer deposited on doped polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) which serves as the anode against a thin-film-sputtered LiCoO2 cathode. We have fabricated and characterized ultrathin solid-state thin-film power cells consisting of LiCoO2, SiO2, and polysilicon. Cells containing an ultrathin SiO2 lithium-free electrolyte with a thickness range of 7–40nm and active-area sizes of 5×5, 2×2, 1×1, and 0.5×0.5mm2 were created using established microelectronics processing and expertise. Ultrathin cells require smooth surfaces (nanometer-scale roughness) as opposed to higher roughness encountered in bulk batteries and microbatteries. To ensure a very thin and flat electrolyte, this work demonstrates the implementation of a planarization step by using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) in the fabrication of the integrated solid-state thin-film lithium-ion battery. Polishing the polysilicon layer reduced its 1×1μm2 root-mean-square roughness from 8.06to0.53nm and led to smoother interfaces and to higher quality of the SiO2 grown on top of it. The cells were charged and discharged using conventional microelectronic electrical testing equipment and exhibited improved performance when prepared with the additional CMP planarization step. Up to 40% of the charge was retrieved from the planarized cells compared to a maximum of 14.5% retrieved from the nonplanarized cells. The open circuit voltage (VOC) of the LiCoO2∕SiO2/polysilicon cell was estimated by comparing the initial charge voltage values obtained with different electrolyte thicknesses and was found to be 2.19±0.02V. The results presented in this work show the importance of interfacial quality in the process of moving to integrated power on a chip.
Human elastin gene: new evidence for localization to the long arm of chromosome 7. (1991)

In this study we have utilized human elastin cDNAs in molecular hybridizations to establish the chromosomal location of the human elastin gene. First, in situ hybridizations were performed with metaphase chromosomes from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In three separate experiments using two different regions of human elastin cDNAs, the distribution of grains was found to be concentrated on the long arm of chromosome 7 within the [q11.1-21.1] region, and the peak number of grains coincided with the locus 7q11.2. Second, hybridizations with a panel of human-rodent cell hybrids showed concordance with human chromosome 7. Third, PCR analyses with elastin-specific primers of DNA from a hybrid cell line containing chromosome 7 as the only human chromosome yielded a product of the expected size, while DNA containing human chromosome 2, but not chromosome 7, did not result in a product. The results indicate that the human elastin gene is located in the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 7. The precise localization of the elastin gene in the human genome is useful in establishing genetic linkage between inheritance of an allele with a mutated elastin gene and a heritable disorder.
Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle as an early event in systemic low‐grade inflammation and the development of obesity and diabetes (2014)

Obesity is associated with a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, the etiology of this obesity-related pro-inflammatory process remains unclear. Most studies have focused on adipose tissue dysfunctions and/or insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells as well as changes in adipokine profile and macrophage recruitment as potential sources of inflammation. However, low-grade systemic inflammation probably involves a complex network of signals interconnecting several organs. Recent evidences have suggested that disturbances in the composition of the gut microbial flora and alterations in levels of gut peptides following the ingestion of a high-fat diet may be a cause of low-grade systemic inflammation that may even precede and predispose to obesity, metabolic disorders or type 2 diabetes. This hypothesis is appealing because the gastrointestinal system is first exposed to nutrients and may thereby represent the first link in the chain of events leading to the development of obesity-associated systemic inflammation. Therefore, the present review will summarize the latest advances interconnecting intestinal mucosal bacteria-mediated inflammation, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a coordinated circuitry favouring the onset of a high-fat diet-related systemic low-grade inflammation preceding obesity and predisposing to metabolic disorders and/or type 2 diabetes. A particular emphasis will be given to high-fat diet-induced alterations of gut homeostasis as an early initiator event of mucosal inflammation and adverse consequences contributing to the promotion of extended systemic inflammation, especially in adipose and muscular tissues.
Study of capillary-based gaseous detectors (2004)

We have studied gain versus voltage characteristics and position resolutions of multistep capillary plates (two or three capillary plates operating in a cascade), as well as capillary plates operating in a mode when the main amplification occurs between plates or between the capillary plate and the readout plate (parallel plate amplification mode). Results of these studies demonstrated that in the parallel-plate amplification mode one can reach both high gains (>10/sup 5/) and good position resolutions (/spl sim/100 /spl mu/m) even with a single step arrangement. It offers a compact amplification structure, which can be used in many applications. For example, in preliminary tests we succeeded to combine it with a photocathode and use it as a position sensitive gaseous photomultiplier. CsI coated capillary plates could also be used as a high position resolution and high rate X-ray converter.
Use of o- and p-hydroxybenzyl functions as blocking groups which are removable with base (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of o- and p-hydroxybenzyl functions as blocking groups which are removable with baseLloyd D. Taylor, J. Michael Grasshoff, and Milan PluharCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 6, 1197–1200Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00400a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00400a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measuring the wavelength dependence of magnetooptical Kerr (or Faraday) rotation and ellipticity: a technique (1990)

A technique is proposed that allows accurate determination of the magnetooptic rotation and ellipticity angles. This method requires only a few standard optical elements and is expected to be effective over a relatively wide range of wavelengths.
THE ART OF IN-VEHICLE NAVIGATION (1994)

This article gives an overview of in-vehicle navigation systems as they are being introduced into the U.S. market. These products, for the most part, combine Global Positioning System (GPS) technology for navigation, digital moving maps for tracking, and a yellow pages directory of travel information. Focus is on the EtakGuide navigation unit.
Analysis of a vapor-compression refrigeration system with mechanical subcooling (1988)

Developpement d'un modele numerique pour la conception et le calcul de la performance de ce type de refrigeration pour differentes temperatures elevees d'air ambiant, plusieurs types de refrigerants et systemes de sous-refroidissement
Effect of gaze on postural responses to neck proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation in humans (1999)

1. We studied the effect of gaze orientation on postural responses evoked by vibration of neck dorsal muscles or by galvanic stimulation of the vestibular system during quiet standing in healthy humans. Various gaze orientations were obtained by different combinations of horizontal head-on-feet (-90, -45, 0, 45, 90 deg) and eye-in-orbit (-30, 0, 30 deg) positions. The instantaneous centre of foot pressure was recorded with a force platform. 2. With a symmetrical position of the vibrator relative to the spine, neck muscle vibration elicited a body sway in the direction of the head naso-occipital axis when the eyes were aligned with it. The same result was obtained both during head rotations and when the head and trunk were rotated together. 3. For lateral eye deviations, the direction of the body sway was aligned with gaze orientation. The effect of gaze was present both with eyes open and eyes closed. After long-lasting (1 min) lateral fixation of the target the effect of gaze decreased significantly. 4. Postural responses to galvanic vestibular stimulation tended to occur orthogonal to the head naso-occipital axis (towards the anodal ear) but in eight of the 11 subjects the responses were also biased by the direction of gaze. 5. The prominent effect of gaze in reorienting automatic postural reactions indicates that both neck proprioceptive and vestibular stimuli are processed in the context of visual control of posture. The results point out the importance of a viewer-centred frame of reference for processing multisensory information.
Fabrication and characterization of Co1−xFex alloy nanowires (2002)

Co 1−x Fe x alloy nanowires with 40 nm diam and x=0–1.0 were fabricated by electrodeposition in nanopores of alumina templates. The crystalline structure of the nanowires is concentration dependent and shows a transition from the cobalt hexagonal-closed-packed structure (hcp) to a face-centered-cubic structure (fcc) in the concentration range 0&lt;x&lt;0.1. For an iron content greater than 15 at % the structure becomes body-centered-cubic (bcc). The nanowires with an aspect ratio of about 8 show a highly anisotropic magnetization with the easy axis along the length of the wire. The squareness of the hysteresis loops is between 72% and 93% for magnetic fields parallel to the wires while the squareness is less than 13% for fields perpendicular to the wires. The coercivity along the easy axis reaches a maximum of 2150 Oe for x=0.55 and is almost concentration independent for 0.5&lt;x&lt;0.6.
Susceptibility of marine fish species to a megalocytivirus, turbot iridovirus, isolated from turbot, <i>Psetta maximus</i> (L.) (2006)

Turbot iridovirus (TBIV), a member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, was isolated from diseased turbot, Psetta maximus (L.), in Korea in 2003. In this study, experimental infection of turbot, Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel), and rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel), with TBIV was performed to evaluate the viral susceptibility of these fish species. After virus exposure, the mortalities of turbot reared at 22 and 25 degrees C were 60% and 100%, respectively, suggesting that TBIV is the causative agent of the mass mortality of turbot that occurred in Korea in 2003. Moreover, TBIV was detected in Japanese flounder and rock bream by polymerase chain reaction after experimental infection (26 days post-inoculation) despite no viral pathogenicity in these fish, suggesting that these two fish species are also susceptible to the virus. It is possible that horizontal transmission of TBIV occurs among these three fish species because turbot is routinely cultured with Japanese flounder and rock bream in Korea.
<title>Accuracy and precision of 3D cephalometric landmarks from biorthogonal plain-film x rays</title> (1998)

Three dimensional (3D) plain film radiographic cephalometric analysis of boney skull landmarks may be used for patient diagnosis, treatment planning, prosthetic design, intra- operatively, and outcome assessment. To test the accuracy and reliability of 50 cephalometric landmarks, three dry human skulls, with and without metallic markers affixed to the landmarks, were digitized in our 3dCEPH software by 4 operators. The average inter-operator variability about mean landmark position, across all operators, for all 3 skull image pairs, was 3.33 mm. Ten landmarks exhibiting least variability were 1.15 mm average distance from the mean, including: B point 0.69 mm, Lower Incisal Edge 0.85 mm, and Anterior Nasal Spine 0.90 mm. The average rms error from the metallic fiducials for these 4 operators across all 50 landmarks, and 3 skulls was 5.03 mm. The 10 landmarks with the least variability exhibited 2.01 mm average distance from the fiducial, including: B point 1.69 mm, upper incisal edge 1.71 mm, lower incisal edge 1.78 mm. Additional studies are needed to test the robusticity of the hypothesis of homologous anatomy. Homology of landmarks is important to cephalometric comparisons between image pairs representing patient and 'normative,' pre- and post-surgical alteration, and different ages of the same patient.
Laser in situ keratomileusis for refractive error after cataract surgery (2005)

Laser in situ keratomileusis appears to be effective in correcting refractive error following cataract surgery. Longer-term studies are required to determine refractive stability.