gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross Correlation Flowmeters, Their Design and Application (1987)

Flow measurement is an extremely important aspect of plant instrumentation, and has in recent years been the subject of intense research activity. Much of this work has centred on the cross correlation flowmeter, which gives impressive results in many applications for which the traditional industrial flowmeters are known to be inadequate. Successful industrial cross correlation flowmeters are now on the market, but the technique is still very much in its infancy. This book provides a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of cross correlation flowmetering, and is aimed at three potential audiences: the graduate student in engineering or science who requires an introduction to the relevant signal processing theory; the advanced research and development engineer who requires the theory and its practical implementation in considerable depth; and the industrial instrument engineer who is interested in the practical aspects of transducers and installation features for specific applications. The subject is presented in a concise form, but with sufficient supporting information to enable the reader to gain a full understanding without reference to other books.
Vasovagal syncope and head upright tilt table testing (1994)

Syncope is a common medical complaint that is responsible for a significant number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations each year. A majority of syncopal events are believed to be caused by vasovagal responses. Although vasovagal syncope is essentially equivalent to simple fainting, the physiologic events that lead to this phenomena are complex. Although not completely understood, the most commonly held theory explaining vasovagal syncope involves a series of reflexive interactions between cardiac mechanoreceptors and the autonomic nervous system. Until the advent of head upright tilt table testing, diagnosis of vasovagal syncope has been an assumption, made when all other causes have been eliminated. Tilt table testing allows reproduction of the syncopal event in susceptible individuals and monitoring of the patients' physiologic responses during an episode. Direct observation and documentation of symptoms permit accurate diagnosis and yield information vital to treatment and symptom control.
The use of color in computational vision (1987)

Color has always been part of the visual percept, yet research in computer vision seemed to focus on other properties, mainly because they did not require the additional information color provides. In this thesis, different aspects of color perception and computation are discussed.
We start by examining and analyzing biologically motivated models of early chromatic visual processing. Two non-linear models of color measurement are investigated, and tested with different stimuli designed to reveal some of their spatio-chromatic properties. This analysis leads to several speculations about the use and functionality of the models and the operators they employ.
One application of the operators previously discussed is to the problem of distinguishing shadow boundaries from material changes. We examine and formulate the behavior of shadows under different illumination conditions through the use of a model of reflection. Based on this analysis, we suggest a technique which makes use of a subset of the operators mentioned earlier which determines which discontinuities in images are material changes and not shadow boundaries. This technique is shown to be more accurate and robust than previous methods reported.
Another problem addressed is that of color constancy, which is the perceptual ability of the human visual system to assign the same colors to objects under different lighting conditions. We use a method, based on finite-dimensional linear models of reflectance and illumination, which allows the transformation (R,G,B) images into color constant images. In contrast to previous work, we show that good results can be obtained using a 3-receptor system and statistical measurements of natural materials and illuminants.
Finally, we address the problem of identifying of highlights in images through the use of chromatic information. We show that understanding reflection, through the use of existing models, allows us to make predictions about the behavior of highlights. In particular, some observations can be made regarding the shift in color from diffuse to specular reflection. Based on these observations, we developed an algorithm which segments images into regions and looks for shifts in color between adjacent regions, and labels the ones which fit the expected relation between diffuse and specular reflection.
Psychophysiological Aspects of Amphetamine-Methamphetamine Abuse (1998)

Abuse of amphetamines-methamphetamines has increased worldwide. Profiles of abusers, effects of different methods of administration, and research on amphetamine psychosis are reviewed, along with research on psychophysiological mechanisms, addictive potential, and psychotherapeutic strategies.
Purification and properties of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from leaf mustard. (1997)

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), the first enzyme in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, catalyzes the elimination of ammonium ion from L-phenylalanine. In the present study, PAL was purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 chromatography, and Q-Sepharose chromatography from the cytosolic fraction of leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. integrifolia). It consists of 4 subunits, each having an estimated molecular weight of about 40,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimal pH and temperature of the purified enzyme are 9.0 and 45 degrees C, respectively. Its activity is inhibited by Zn2+ ion, and it is strongly activated by caffeic acid. The purified PAL seems to have some characteristics different from those obtained with other PALs.
Recommendations for the use of albumin and immunoglobulins. (2009)

Human albumin is a physiological plasma-expander; its limited availability and high cost make it essential to define recommendations for its appropriate use, as an alternative to other therapeutic strategies including solutions of crystalloids and non-protein colloids, and have also stimulated numerous studies, which have sometimes reached contradictory conclusions1–8.

In 1998 a meta-analysis of 30 randomised trials suggested that the use of albumin was associated with an increased mortality rate among critically ill patients9,10. This conclusion, also reached by two subsequent Cochrane reviews11,12, was not confirmed by a meta-analysis in 2001 or by more recent studies13–23.

A review in 2006 showed that renal damage can be induced by the use of hydroxyethyl starch and gelatine in sepsis and surgery24.

The limited power of all these studies could lie in their having combined results from heterogeneous types of patients with different baseline albumin concentrations25,26.
Aberrant Gene Expression Profiles in Pluripotent Stem Cells Induced from Fibroblasts of a Klinefelter Syndrome Patient (2012)

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common male chromosome aneuploidy. Its pathophysiology is largely unexplained due to the lack of adequate models. Here, we report the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) lines from a KS patient with a karyotype of 47, XXY. Derived KS-iPSCs meet all criteria of normal iPSCs with the potential for germ cell differentiation. Although X chromosome inactivation occurs in all KS-iPSCs, genome-wide transcriptome analysis identifies aberrantly expressed genes associated with the clinical features of KS. Our KS-iPSCs can serve as a cellular model for KS research. Identified genes may become biomarkers for early diagnosis or potential therapeutic targets for KS and significantly accelerate the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Klinefelter syndrome.
Hidden Markov models for gesture recognition (1995)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.
Integrated circuits for data transmission over twisted-pair channels (2002)

This tutorial paper discusses typical architectures and future challenges in designing integrated circuits for data transmission over twisted-pair wire channels. To highlight the various architectural approaches, two main applications are addressed-HDSL and fast-Ethernet. Following a discussion of twisted-pair cable modelling, common building blocks and possible trade-offs are described. Finally, future challenges facing integrated circuit designers are presented.
5,5,6,6,11,11,12,12-Octamethylcyclododeca-1,3,7,9-tetrayne (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5,5,6,6,11,11,12,12-Octamethylcyclododeca-1,3,7,9-tetrayneGeorge Buechi and Kin-Chin T. LukCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 1, 168–170Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00395a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00395a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Infrared Studies of the Surface and Gas Phase Reactions Leading to the Growth of Titanium Nitride Thin Films from Tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium and Ammonia (1992)

The reaction of tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium with ammonia has been studied in the gas phase and on titanium disilicide, aluminum, and copper surfaces using infrared spectroscopy. In the gas phase the main product of this reaction, dimethylamine, forms rapidly even at 300 K, and a fine yellow powder is deposited on the windows of the IR cell. Under ultrahigh vacuum conditions there is no reaction between and on any of the three surfaces studied at temperatures between 300 and 650 K. Heating pure to temperatures >550 K in the gas phase, leads to species that contain metallacycles and N=C double bonds. The thermal decomposition of on both and Al surfaces at temperatures up to 650 K yields films that contain titanium, nitrogen, and a significant amount of carbon. No decomposition is observed on copper; instead, molecular desorption occurs below 400 K. Our observations are compared with the known thermal chemistry of titanium dialkylamides in solution.
Performance Measurement of Rotary Shaft Seals (1993)

In the bulk materials handling field, there are a number of pieces of mechanical equipment whose reliable function is dependent on the performance of seals. Rotary shaft seals are the origin of significant maintenance activity in the process industries including bulk material handling. Although guidance on seal performance is available from respective manufacturers, this is based on different test methods and so comparison between various products is difficult. A test rig which facilitates easy comparison of performance parameters such as leakage rates, power consumption and wear of shafts and seals has been designed and built. The design philosophy of the rig, its uses and limitations are given together with results of initial testing.
Instruments for the New Telephone Sets* (1938)

Transmitters and receivers for use at subscribers' telephone stations have been designed which not only materially improve transmission but also simplify manufacture and facilitate maintenance. This paper discusses these improvements and describes some of the new design technique employed in their development.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori gastritis: effect of antibiotics and antioxidants. (1996)

Helicobacter pylori infection is a known risk factor for gastric cancer. We hypothesized that H. pylori infection would lead to the sustained production of the reactive nitrogen species nitric oxide and peroxynitrite as part of the host immune response. We further hypothesized that H. pylori infection would lead to increased apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells, possibly in response to free radical-mediated DNA damage. Using immunohistochemistry, we stained and scored gastric antral biopsies from 84 Colombian patients with nonatrophic gastritis before and after treatment for H. pylori infection. We examined expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); nitrotyrosine, a marker for peroxynitrite; and DNA fragmentation, a marker for apoptosis. Patients were treated with triple therapy (amoxicillin, 500 mg three times a day for 2 weeks; metronidazole, 400 mg three times a day for 2 weeks; and bismuth subsalicylate, 262 mg four times a day for 2 weeks, followed by 262 mg every day for 4-12 months). Eradication of H. pylori infection resulted in a significant reduction in iNOS and nitrotyrosine staining and a marginally significant reduction in apoptosis. Dietary supplementation with beta-carotene (30 mg every day for 4-12 months) resulted in a significant decrease in iNOS staining. Supplementation with ascorbic acid (1 g twice a day for 4-12 months) led to a significant reduction in nitrotyrosine staining. In patients supplemented with either ascorbic acid or beta-carotene, there was a trend toward a reduction in apoptosis, but this was not statistically significant. We conclude that H. pylori infection is accompanied by the formation of endogenous reactive nitrogen intermediates, which may contribute to DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition to antimicrobial therapy, dietary supplementation with beta-carotene and ascorbic acid may prevent the formation of these potential carcinogens.
Performance analysis of a heterodyne lidar system incorporating a multimode optical waveguide receiver (2002)

A theoretical/numerical performance analysis of a heterodyne lidar system incorporating a multimode optical waveguide receiver has been performed. The performance parameters of interest are the coupling and mixing efficiencies of the lidar receiver, as they relate to the overall system carrier to noise ratio (CNR). The coupling efficiency relates the ability of the lidar receiver optics to couple light returning from a distant object into the multimode optical waveguide receiver. The energy thus received is then mixed with a local oscillator (LO) field in an evanescent wave coupler to generate the desired intermediate frequency (IF) signal current. The efficiency with which this mixing occurs is very strongly influenced by the receiver waveguide geometry, and thus the constituent modal structures of the guided LO and signal beam fields. Initial results indicate that for a symmetric square waveguide supporting seventy-five distinct modes, the coupling and mixing efficiencies can approach 78% and 23%, respectively. These results rival the performance characteristics of many free space and single mode waveguide lidar receiver designs, while higher efficiencies are expected for more realistic multimode waveguides supporting many more modes, and for lidar receivers constructed from circular (possibly graded index) multimode optical fiber waveguides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Efficient Synthesis of 6-Nitro- and 6-Amino-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines by Cyclocondensation of 1-Substituted 1H-Imidazol-5-amines with 3-Nitro-4H-chromen-4-one (2010)

The reaction of 3-nitro-4H-chromen-4-one with in situ generated 1-substituted 5-amino-1H-imidazoles affords a set of 1-substituted 6-nitro-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines which represent potential adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors. Reduction of the nitro group results in the formation of the corresponding 6-amino-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines.
Article Commentary: Development of the Human Striatum: Implications for Fetal Striatal Transplantation in the Treatment of Huntington's Disease (1995)

Fetal neural transplantation has recently been demonstrated to ameliorate motor and other behavioral deficits in animal models of Huntington's disease, and reconstruct many of the damaged striatal circuits. However, there has been significant variability in the histological appearance of these grafts, most likely related to differences of the regions of dissection of the donor tissue. Selective dissection and transplantation of the lateral ventricular eminence in rodents has resulted in grafts consisting of primarily striatal-like tissue. This data, combined with data from our own and other laboratories has led to a description of the development of the human striatum, with a particular emphasis on the relevance of human striatal development to the field of fetal tissue transplantation for the treatment of Huntington's disease. If the goal of transplantation is to graft GABAergic striatal projection neurons, it is our impression that optimal grafting results will occur when transplants are derived from the lateral ventricular eminence and the lateral aspect of the body of the ventricular eminence anterior to the foramen of Monro. Optimal results are likely to occur when donor ages range from Stage 19 to 23, with possible graft success when donor age extends to as late as postovulatory week 22.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Novel and Traditional Rapid Tests for Influenza Infection Compared With Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (2017)

Québec Health Research Fund and BD Diagnostic Systems.
Superoxide Reductase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: its Function, Regulation, and Biotechnological Applications (2007)

The anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furious, possesses a system for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, which is different from the classical defense mechanisms present in aerobes. P. furiosus employs a novel enzyme system centered on the enzyme superoxide reductase (SOR), which reduces superoxide molecules to hydrogen peroxide without producing oxygen. Surprisingly, P. furiosus SOR, unlike many P. furiosus enzymes, was shown to function at low temperature (&#60;25o C). A model for superoxide reduction by SOR was proposed where the electrons used by SOR to reduce superoxide are supplied by a small iron containing protein, rubredoxin (Rd), and Rd is reduced by the oxidoreductase, NAD(P)H-rubredoxin oxidoreductase (NROR). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of the proposed superoxide reduction pathway by using the recombinant SOR, Rd and NROR enzymes in an in vitro assay as well as to demonstrate in vivo function via complementation studies in superoxide detoxification deficient Escherichia coli strains. The second objective was to investigate the transcriptional expression levels of genes that are involved in the SOR-centered superoxide reduction pathway in order to determine how these genes are expressed and regulated in response to various oxidative stresses. The third objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the biotechnological application of this superoxide detoxification system by expressing SOR in plant cells, which enhanced their survival at high temperature and from drought indicating that it functions successfully in vivo. The fourth objective of this study was the characterization of glutathione reductase (GR) from a psychrophile, Colwellia psychrerythraea, which is stable at low temperatures and protects cells from free radicals by serving as a reductant. The C. psychrerythraea GR gene was cloned into an E. coli-based recombinant expression system. Recombinant C. psychrerythrae GR was expressed and purified. The recombinant GR showed significant activity at low temperature (4&#61616;C). The P. furiosus superoxide reduction system genes and GR from C. psychrerythraea can be engineered into plants (Arabidopsis) to aid in combating damage caused by oxidative stress when plants undergo rapid changes in temperature, high light or UV exposure, or drought conditions.
25-lecie Zakładu Petrografii, Mineralogii i Geochemii Instytutu Geologicznego (1982)

TWENTY FIVE YEARS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PETROGRAPHY, MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

.
A new approach to service intelligence supported by ATM (2002)

The main objective of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is to provide flexible broadband transport resources such that multimedia calls can be created in a simple manner. The goal of intelligent networks (IN) is to realize a control network that is completely separated from the transport network. The ATM control architecture does not incorporate the enhanced control services envisaged by IN. Therefore, a synergy of ATM and IN presents a possible solution for the telecommunication network of the future. However, certain control services logically belong to the terminals and are also easier to implement in the terminals. Moreover, the complexity of IN does not allow a rapid merger of both concepts. Therefore, a migration of some of the control service intelligence from the network into the terminals is proposed. The terminal developed at the Alcatel Bell Telephone RC is presented. This terminal demonstrates the power of the ATM network, and has an architecture which allows an easy introduction of enhanced control services in the terminal. The analogy between this architecture and the concepts that are introduced by IN is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new experimental design method to optimize formulations focusing on a lubricant for hydrophilic matrix tablets (2012)

A robust experimental design method was developed with the well-established response surface methodology and time series modeling to facilitate the formulation development process with magnesium stearate incorporated into hydrophilic matrix tablets. Two directional analyses and a time-oriented model were utilized to optimize the experimental responses. Evaluations of tablet gelation and drug release were conducted with two factors x₁ and x₂: one was a formulation factor (the amount of magnesium stearate) and the other was a processing factor (mixing time), respectively. Moreover, different batch sizes (100 and 500 tablet batches) were also evaluated to investigate an effect of batch size. The selected input control factors were arranged in a mixture simplex lattice design with 13 experimental runs. The obtained optimal settings of magnesium stearate for gelation were 0.46 g, 2.76 min (mixing time) for a 100 tablet batch and 1.54 g, 6.51 min for a 500 tablet batch. The optimal settings for drug release were 0.33 g, 7.99 min for a 100 tablet batch and 1.54 g, 6.51 min for a 500 tablet batch. The exact ratio and mixing time of magnesium stearate could be formulated according to the resulting hydrophilic matrix tablet properties. The newly designed experimental method provided very useful information for characterizing significant factors and hence to obtain optimum formulations allowing for a systematic and reliable experimental design method.