gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular response to near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses in two-photon microscopes (1997)

The influence of femtosecond near-infrared (NIR) microirradiation on cell vitality and cellular reproduction has been studied. Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to a highly focused 150-fs scanning beam at 730, 760, and 800 nm (80 MHz, 80-mus pixel dwell time) of </=1 mW remained unaffected by the femtosecond microbeam. However, increased mean power led to impaired cell division. At >/=6 -mW mean power, cells were unable to form clones. They died or became giant cells. Complete cell destruction, including cell fragmentation, occurred at mean powers >10 mW. Cell death was accompanied by intense luminescence in the mitochondrial region. When we consider the diffraction-limited spot size in the submicrometer region, intensities and photon flux densities of 0.8-kW pulses (10-mW mean power) are of the order of terawatts per square centimeter (10(12)W/cm (2)) and 10(32) photons cm(-2) s(-1) , respectively. Extremely high fields may induce destructive intracellular plasma formation. The power limitations should be considered during NIR femtosecond microscopy of vital cells and in the design of compact NIR femtosecond solid-state lasers for two-photon microscopes.
Investigation of PVA cryogel Young's modulus stability with time, controlled by a simple reliable technique (2009)

We describe a quasistatic method for mechanical characterization of tissue-mimicking material used in elastography. We demonstrate that it is possible to assess the elasticity modulus with a reasonable reproducibility using simple and easy tools and methods. Possessing a simple relevant technique with evaluated relative error to assess Young's modulus of these phantoms could deeply improve the quality of the research in the field of elastography. The method was tested and validated with four samples of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel with different elasticity values corresponding to those of stiffer soft biological tissues. Young's moduli, varying from 70 to 180 kPa depending on the number of freeze-thaw cycles (two to five), were measured within strict measurement conditions and found to have a reproducibility varying from 4% to 8%. Relative error, estimated as the ratio between observed and reference values, varied from 16% to 32%. Besides, measurement stability over 4 months was evaluated. The method demonstrated good feasibility and acceptable reproducibility for mechanically characterizing and controlled over time phantoms used for validating new potential ultrasound imaging techniques in the field of elastography. Nevertheless, in this study, investigation was performed on gel possessing young's modulus values ranging from 80 to 215 kPa. Some tissue values of Young'modulus were reported to be lower, ranging from 0.6 to 28 kPa as liver or glandular values. Consequently, further validation of this static method for mechanical characterization of phantom gels should be performed using softer PVA cryogel.
Development retardation in cultured preimplantation rabbit embryos (1987)

Day 3 to Day 5 preimplantation rabbit embryos were cultured for 24 h in chemically defined media which are widely used in early embryo culture (BSM II and Ham's F-10) supplemented with BSA or homologous serum. For the next 24 h, the embryos were left in the same culture medium, placed in freshly made medium, or cultured in medium which was supplemented with uterine flushings. In addition, 24-h cultured embryos were transferred into uteri of synchronous recipients for 1 day. After culture or transfer, development was assessed by cell proliferation evaluated by incorporation of tritiated thymidine. In comparison to non-cultured controls, thymidine incorporation demonstrated a considerably impaired cell proliferation after culture in defined media irrespective of medium, supplement, or replenishment with fresh medium. For Day 3 embryos, there was a developmental retardation amounting to about 1 day after 2 days in culture. Compared to Day 3 embryos, delay was clearly more pronounced in Day 4 and Day 5 blastocysts, i.e. in stages which had been retrieved from the uterus before culture. Supplementation with uterine flushings markedly promoted blastocyst cell proliferation (P less than 0.001). Incorporation data examined after transfer showed that impairment of cell proliferation caused by 1 day in culture had been compensated for to a large extent within 1 day in utero.
Some Experiments on, and a Theory of, Surface Breakdown (1956)

Experiments on surface breakdown at reverse-biased germanium n+p alloyed junctions are described, and the results related to a new model for surface breakdown that takes explicit account of semiconductor surface charge and fringing field. The experiments show (i) that surface breakdown, like body breakdown, is an avalanche process; (ii) that multiplication sets in first at a particular spot. The experiments serve also to confirm conclusions already reached from device experience: (i) that high breakdown voltage is promoted by that sign of surface charge which tends towards the formation of a ``channel'' over the material of the higher resistivity side, and low breakdown voltage by the opposite sign of surface charge; (ii) that the breakdown voltage is increased by surrounding the material by a medium of high dielectric constant. The theory accounts for all these observations and leads, when the calculations are carried out for an equivalent one-dimensional structure, to a quantitative prediction of the relation between breakdown voltage, surface charge, resistivity, and the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. The evidence for the validity of this relation is discussed briefly.
Quality Control of Fungus-specific Glucosylceramide in Cryptococcus neoformans by Endoglycoceramidase-related Protein 1 (EGCrP1) (2011)

A fungus-specific glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which contains a unique sphingoid base possessing two double bonds and a methyl substitution, is essential for pathogenicity in fungi. Although the biosynthetic pathway of the GlcCer has been well elucidated, little is known about GlcCer catabolism because a GlcCer-degrading enzyme (glucocerebrosidase) has yet to be identified in fungi. We found a homologue of endoglycoceramidase tentatively designated endoglycoceramidase-related protein 1 (EGCrP1) in several fungal genomic databases. The recombinant EGCrP1 hydrolyzed GlcCer but not other glycosphingolipids, whereas endoglycoceramidase hydrolyzed oligosaccharide-linked glycosphingolipids but not GlcCer. Disruption of egcrp1 in Cryptococcus neoformans, a typical pathogenic fungus causing cryptococcosis, resulted in the accumulation of fungus-specific GlcCer and immature GlcCer that possess sphingoid bases without a methyl substitution concomitant with a dysfunction of polysaccharide capsule formation. These results indicated that EGCrP1 participates in the catabolism of GlcCer and especially functions to eliminate immature GlcCer in vivo that are generated as by-products due to the broad specificity of GlcCer synthase. We conclude that EGCrP1, a glucocerebrosidase identified for the first time in fungi, controls the quality of GlcCer by eliminating immature GlcCer incorrectly generated in C. neoformans, leading to accurate processing of fungus-specific GlcCer.
Performance Analysis of Automated Control System for Condenser Water Treatment Unit (2012)

The air conditioning system in the Umm Al-Qura University (Albdiya Campus) was conceived to be a district cooling by a remote chilled water plant. Recently, there are two chilled water plants in the university installed strategically to provide chilled water to all the academic and administrative buildings of the university through distribution network with total capacity approximately of 12,000 tons of refrigeration. The plants were built based on cooling towers with open water cycle as heat rejection system. Water treatment chemicals has been used to protect the cooling systems from corrosion, scaling and microbiological fouling accompanied with dissolved and suspended water impurities. Different methods are being used to determine and control the treatment chemical concentrations and system performance indicators. Traditional chemical controller has drawback of indirect measurements and set points. The purpose of this paper is to present a solution to overcome the problems of traditional and conventional chemical treatment and control sys-tems. Central cooling plant number (1) assigned to perform experimental setup using new chemical treatment technology. Advanced automatic chemical treatment controller installed on condensers (1, 2 and 3), and certain key performance indicators were selected and monitored such as chemical and water consumption, power, energy saving, and maintaining system integrity and efficiency. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of performance and cost of operation.
Geometric Representation of Swept Volumes with Application to Polyhedral Objects (1990)

A formulation for developing a geometric repre sentation of swept volumes for compact n -manifolds undergo ing general sweeps in R n is presented. This formulation shows that the swept volume of a compact n-manifold in R n is equal to the union of the swept volume of its boundary with one location of the compact n-manifold in the sweep. This result is significant in that the problem of developing a geo metric representation of swept volumes for n-dimensional objects in R n is reduced to developing a geometric representa tion of swept volismes for (n - 1)-dimensional objects in R n . Based on this formulation, the swept volumes of polyhedral objects were generated from the swept volumes of their poly gonal faces.
Heat Transfer and Flow Structures Around Circular Cylinders in Cross-Flow (1999)

An experimental study was carried out to investigate heat transfer and flow characteristics from one tube within a staggered tube bundle and within a row of similar tubes. The tube spacing examined St and Sl are 1.51.5 and 1.51.25 where Sl and St denote the longitudinal and transverse pitches respectively. The variation of local Nusselt number was predicted with Reynolds number 4:8104. The aim of the second part of the investigation was to examined the influence of the blockage of a single tube in a duct and transverse pitch for a single tube row with Reynolds number range of 7960 to 47770. Blockage ratio was varied from 0.131 to 0.843. Variation of local Nusselt number and local pressure coecient were shown with dierent blockages and Reynolds numbers. The main results are described below. For single tube row experiments, if the blockage ratio is less than 0.5, the general shape of local Nusselt number distribution around the cylinder varies only slightly with blockage. However the local Nusselt number and pressure coecient distributions are remarkably dierent for the blockage ratio in the range of 0.668-0.843. Tube bundle experiments showed that changing longitudinal ratio did not aect the mean Nusselt number.
Pain relief after knee arthroscopy§Intra-articular morphine, intra-articular bupivacaine, or subcutaneous morphine? (1997)

A single 10-mg dose of morphine given either IA or SC provides better and longer-lasting postoperative pain relief after knee arthroscopy than 20 mL IA bupivacaine 0.5% with epinephrine.
Antihypertensive effect of the new calcium antagonist (+-)-3-(benzylmethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl-methyl-4-(2-fluoro-5- nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate hydrochloride in rats. (1992)

The antihypertensive effect of TC-81 ((+-)-3-(benzylmethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl-methyl-4-(2-f luoro-5- nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate hydrochloride), a new calcium antagonist, was investigated in normotensive and hypertensive rats. By oral administration, the antihypertensive activity of TC-81 (ED20% in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and renal hypertensive rats were 0.37, 0.32, and 0.38 mg/kg p.o., respectively) was 7-14 times more potent in conscious hypertensive rats in comparison with nicardipine. Duration of the antihypertensive effect of TC-81 was about 2 times longer than that of nicardipine, and the response was elicited more slowly than that of nicardipine at an equipotent dose. Similar results were observed by intravenous injection, but the potency of TC-81 was only 3 times higher than that of nicardipine in anesthetized rats. Tolerance of the antihypertensive effect of TC-81 in long-term daily dosing and the rebound phenomenon after discontinuance of the treatment were not observed in hypertensive rats. TC-81, at a concentration of 10(-10)-3 x 10(-9) mol/l, inhibited the KCl-induced contraction of isolated rat vascular preparations. Moreover, TC-81 inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction of isolated SHR aorta preparation, but in isolated normotensive rat aorta, TC-81 inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction very little. From these observations, TC-81 can be characterized as having a strong, long-lasting, and slow-onset antihypertensive activity, especially by oral administration. Therefore, this new calcium antagonist may be useful for long-term antihypertensive therapy.
A control architecture for a centralized multi-master-slave processor system (1976)

Article A control architecture for a centralized multi-master-slave processor system Share on Author: Philip M. Mills University of South Carolina University of South CarolinaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM-SE 14: Proceedings of the 14th annual Southeast regional conferenceApril 1976 Pages 165–171https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503596Published:22 April 1976 0citation149DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads149Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Rapid local rectangular views and magnifications: Reduced phase encoding of orthogonally excited spin echoes (1988)

A method is described for rapid, artifact-free imaging and magnification of small regions within a larger sample. This combines a rectangular window, reconstructed from a reduced number of phase-encoding steps, and confinement of spin echoes to a similar rectangular strip by orthogonal pi/2 and pi excitations. Phase encoding is along the width of the strip (along Y). Off-center strips are excited by offsetting the Y slice-selecting gradient, and the reconstruction window is kept coincident with excitation by similarly offsetting the Y phase-encoding gradient. The excited strip is centered in the reconstruction window by setting the radiofrequency transmitter on resonance. The method is shown to be useful for long narrow structures such as the spine where the acquisition time is reduced by over a factor of 5 determined by the image aspect ratio.
Noncoherent Radar Pulse Compression Based on Complementary Sequences (2009)

Noncoherent pulse compression (NCPC), suggested recently, uses on-off keying (OOK) signals, obtained from Manchester coding a binary sequence with favorable a-periodic autocorrelation. This paper investigates the use of binary complementary pairs as a basis for NCPC. It shows that a pair of Manchester coded, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -element binary complementary sequences will yield a peak sidelobe (PSL) ratio of 1/(2 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ).
Virtualization of spectrum resources for 5G networks (2017)

The next generation of mobile networks, 5G, is currently under development by the industry, academia and international standard organizations. The key drivers of 5G are to provide incomparable more capacity (1000×), extremely lower latency (sub-millisecond) and to accommodate `any' type of user (e.g. machines) in the network. Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) technologies promise to bring an unprecedented level of flexibility in resource management. This paper presents a radio frequency spectrum management framework that is suitable to programmable 5G networks, under the overarching architecture of the 5G PPP COHERENT project. It also provides description of the recent advances and up-to-date initiatives for resource management in programmable 5G networks. The core contribution consists in the design of an SDN-enabled spectrum management application (SMA), and the related abstraction models that have been developed to enable flexible spectrum management. This paper demonstrates that suitable policy and topology abstraction models are key to spectrum management and sharing process.
A second‐site suppressor of a folding defect functions via interactions with a chaperone network to improve folding and assembly <i>in vivo</i> (2004)

Single amino acid substitutions in a protein can cause misfolding and aggregation to occur. Protein misfolding can be rescued by second-site amino acid substitutions called suppressor substitutions (su), commonly through stabilizing the native state of the protein or by increasing the rate of folding. Here we report evidence that su substitutions that rescue bacteriophage P22 temperature-sensitive-folding (tsf) coat protein variants function in a novel way. The ability of tsf:su coat proteins to fold and assemble under a variety of cellular conditions was determined by monitoring levels of phage production. The tsf:su coat proteins were found to more effectively utilize P22 scaffolding protein, an assembly chaperone, as compared with their tsf parents. Phage-infected cells were radioactively labelled to quantify the associations between coat protein variants and folding and assembly chaperones. Phage carrying the tsf:su coat proteins induced more GroEL and GroES, and increased formation of protein:chaperone complexes as compared with their tsf parents. We propose that the su substitutions result in coat proteins that are more assembly competent in vivo because of a chaperone-driven kinetic partitioning between aggregation-prone intermediates and the final assembled state. Through more proficient use of this chaperone network, the su substitutions exhibit a novel means of suppression of a folding defect.
Stress resistance and recovery potential of culturable and viable but nonculturable cells of Vibrio vulnificus (1996)

The estuarine, human-pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus responds to low temperature by the formation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells, while starvation at moderate temperatures allows for maintenance of culturability of this organism. Recovery of cold-incubated populations of V. vulnificus was restricted to the culturable fraction in slide cultures and most probable number assays. These populations, however, gave between 1.1- and 8-fold higher c.f.u. counts on soft agar plates than on ordinary agar plates, indicating that a small and variable fraction of the cell population was injured rather than nonculturable. Thus, the population of cold-incubated cells is composed of culturable, injured and nonculturable cells, with the numbers of the culturable and injured cells rapidly decreasing during cold incubation. Recovery of nonculturable cells of the organism, however, could not be obtained by any combination of temperature and nutrient shifts in any of the assays. VBNC cells of the organism were assessed with regard to their persistence and stress resistance in comparison to growing and starved cells. The sonication resistance of VBNC cells was initially similar to that of growing cells, but increased during prolonged cold incubation. The final resistance of cold-incubated VBNC cells was equal to the markedly increased resistance of starving cells, which also displayed increased resistance against exposure to ethanol and mechanical stress. Our results indicate that in spite of the apparent absence of recovery under a wide range of laboratory conditions, VBNC cells of V. vulnificus undergo changes at low temperature which potentially allow them to persist for extended periods.
Angiogenesis with biomaterial-based drug- and cell-delivery systems (2004)

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, is an important event in several biological processes, including wound healing. It plays a key role in determining the final functionality and integration of any implanted medical device. In addition, angiogenesis is a required event for organ development and has been accepted as a rate-limiting step in engineering tissue replacements. Besides these regenerative processes, uncontrolled angiogenesis is also involved in a number of pathologies, including tumor growth and metastases. Like angiogenesis, biomaterials also play a role in wound healing after medical device implantation and in tissue engineering. Interactions between the device biomaterials and host tissue will factor into the final device integration. Additionally, tissue-engineering strategies utilize biomaterials to a great extent because the paradigm of tissue engineering involves the use of cells, growth factors and scaffolding matrices in order to regenerate or replace tissue. Since almost all tissues are three-dimensional, the biomaterial scaffold plays an integral role in the paradigm. This review will emphasize the influence of biomaterials on angiogenesis as it applies to medical device implantation, tissue engineering and therapies for pathological angiogenesis.
PPARγ non-covalent antagonists exhibit mutable binding modes with a similar free energy of binding: a case study (2016)

The structural and dynamical properties of PPARγ receptor in a complex with either partial or full agonists have been intensively studied but little is known about the receptor antagonistic conformation. A composition of microsecond accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulation show that like partial agonists a non-covalent PPARγ full antagonist can bind in different modes of similar population size and free energies of binding. Four different and periodically exchanging ligand conformations are detected and described. The studied antagonist interacts with different receptor substructures and affects both the co-activator and the Cdk5 phosphorylation sites and, presumably, the natural complex with the DNA. However, no significant changes in the conformational states of the activation helix 12, and in particular an antagonist orientation, have been recorded. Finally, our results show also that the aMD approach can be successfully used in recovering the possible binding modes, considering fully the receptor flexibility, and is not dependent on the starting conformation.