gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Customized models of ocular aberrations across the visual field during accommodation (2019)

We aimed to create individual eye models that accurately reproduce the empirical measurements of wave-front aberrations across the visual field at different accommodative states, thus providing a mechanistic explanation for the changes in the eye's aberration structure due to accommodation. Structural parameters of a generic eye model were optimized using optical design software to account for published measurements of wave-front aberrations measured for 19 individuals at 37 test locations over the central 30°-diameter visual field at eight levels of accommodative demand. Biometric data for individual eyes were used as starting values and normative data were used to constrain optimizations to anatomically reasonable values. Customizations of the accommodating eye model accurately accounted for ocular aberrations over the central 30° of visual field with an averaged root mean square fitting error typically below 0.2 μm at any given field location. Optimized structural parameters of the eye models were anatomically reasonable and changed in the expected way when accommodating. Accuracy for representing spherical aberration was significantly improved by relaxing anatomical constraints on the anterior surface of the lens to compensate for not including gradient-index media. Use of the model to compute pan-retinal image quality revealed large penalties of accommodative lag for activating photoreceptor responses to the retinal image.
<b>Maze 3 for Atrial Fibrillation</b>: Two Cuts Too Few? (1994)

The Maze procedure has been developed as a surgical approach to the management of patients with atrial fibrillation refractory to medical treatment. The recent modification of the technique (Maze 3) achieves good rate control with coordinated AV contractions. However, the procedure involves cuts that completely isolate a block of left atrial (LA) wall, including the four ostia of the pulmonary veins. The electrical and mechanical activity of this isolated LA block are dissociated from the rest of the atrium, and the area may, in fact, continue to fibrillate. This may provide a nidus for the development of mural thrombus. The weight and endocardial surface area of the LA block and of the entire LA were estimated in ten formalin fixed hearts from trauma victims with no evidence of cardiac disease. In these samples, the LA block represented 35% of the endocardial surface area of the entire LA and 29% of the weight. The LA block is of sufficient size to allow macroreentrant circuits to form and has the potential to fibrillate if isolated from the rest of the atrium. We modified the Maze 3 procedure to recruit the otherwise isolated LA block by using two additional cuts around each pair of pulmonary veins as they enter the LA. The first patient who underwent the modified procedure demonstrated sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring postoperatively and remained in sinus rhythm following burst atrial pacing at 300 and 420 beats/min each for 30 seconds. In addition, atrial contractions were found to contribute 19% of the cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transduction of the Mammary Epithelium with Adenovirus Vectors In Vivo (2003)

Because the mammary parenchyma is accessible from the exterior of an animal through the mammary duct, adenovirus transduction holds promise for the short-term delivery of genes to the mammary epithelium for both research and therapeutic purposes. To optimize the procedure and evaluate its efficacy, an adenovirus vector (human adenovirus type 5) encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter and deleted of E1 and E3 was injected intraductally into the mouse mammary gland. We evaluated induction of inflammation (by intraductal injection of [(14)C]sucrose and histological examination), efficiency of transduction, and maintenance of normal function in transduced cells. We found that transduction of the total epithelium in the proximal portion of the third mammary gland varied from 7% to 25% at a dose of 2 x 10(6) PFU of adenovirus injected into day 17 pregnant mice. Transduction was maintained for at least 7 days with minimal inflammatory response; however, significant mastitis was observed 12 days after transduction. Adenovirus transduction could also be used in the virgin animal with little mastitis 3 days after transduction. Transduced mammary epithelial cells maintained normal morphology and function. Our results demonstrate that intraductal injection of adenovirus vectors provides a versatile and noninvasive method of investigating genes of interest in mouse mammary epithelial cells.
Synthesis of .alpha.-phosphono lactones and esters through a vinyl phosphate-phosphonate rearrangement (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .alpha.-phosphono lactones and esters through a vinyl phosphate-phosphonate rearrangementJohn A. Jackson, Gerald B. Hammond, and David F. WiemerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 20, 4750–4754Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00281a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00281a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1260Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of shape memory alloy actuator (Performance evaluation and introduction of a new design concept) (1986)

形状記憶合金を用いたサーボアクチュエータ (SMAアクチュエータ) は, 従来のアクチュエータにない特異な機能性を発揮することから, 今後ロボットのための新たな駆動源となることが期待される.本論文はSMAアクチュエータについて, アクチュエータとしての評価と, アクチュエータ構成上の基本的な諸問題を論ずるものである.まずSMAアクチュエータは, 形状記憶合金自体の熱弾性型マルテンサイト変態により駆動されることから, 原理的にしゅう動部を持たない駆動系であり, 特に軽量アクチュエータを構成しようとする場合においては出力重量比を高くし得ること, 反面, 基本的には低温度差熱機関であることからエネルギ効率は低く, また応答性も本来それほど上げられないことなどの基本特性を論ずる.次いで, それらの欠点のうちのいくつかは, 特別のSMAアクチュエータの構成法を導入することにより解決できることを示す.その構成法とは, 「SMAワイヤを構成的には並列に, 電気的には直列に結線する」というものでありξ-arrayと呼ぶ.これは表面積の増加による応答性の向上, SMAワイヤの電気抵抗値の増大化による電力供給のためのリード線の微細化, 電源及び電力制御系の簡素化, SMAのセンサ機能の積極的活用などを可能にするものである.最後に以上の考察の妥当性を, ξ-arrayを導入した抵抗値制御による拮抗型SAMサーボアクチュエータシステムの試作, 実験により検討する.その結果, 抵抗値フィードバックにより, 外気温度等の冷却条件の変動に影響されにくいサーボ特性が得られることなどを明らかにする.
A comparative study of different machine learning methods on microarray gene expression data (2008)

We presented a study in which we compared some of the common used classification, clustering, and feature selection methods. We applied these methods to eight publicly available datasets, and compared how these methods performed in class prediction of test datasets. We reported that the choice of feature selection methods, the number of genes in the gene list, the number of cases (samples) substantially influence classification success. Based on features chosen by these methods, error rates and accuracy of several classification algorithms were obtained. Results revealed the importance of feature selection in accurately classifying new samples and how an integrated feature selection and classification algorithm is performing and is capable of identifying significant genes.
A Packet Scheduling Scheme Using Multicast RTS in Wireless Mesh Networks (2013)

One of the problems in wireless mesh networks includes the HOL (Head of Line) blocking at relay nodes. To overcome that problem, packet scheduling schemes using the MRTS (Multicast RTS) frame, an extension of the RTS frame, have been proposed. The sender first multicasts an MRTS frame to multiple receiver candidates. Then the sender transmits the data packet to the candidate which earliest returns a CTS frame. That mechanism could solve the HOL blocking. In principle, as the number of receiver candidates increases, the transmission successful rate increases, however the overhead also increases. Under the existing scheduling schemes, the sender always arranges more than two candidates. That would increase the overhead. In this paper, to reduce the overhead, we propose a scheduling scheme which restricts the number of candidates is up to two in any time. Via simulation, in comparison with the existing scheme, our scheme provides higher throughput and fairness.
A Facile Way to Prolong Service Life of Double Base Propellant (2018)

The safe storage time for double base propellant (DBP or DB propellant) with stabilizers could usually be calculated to be greater than 40 years. However, the actual service life is far below that, which is largely caused by the decline of propellant mechanical performance. In this work polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was introduced into the double base propellant formula as an additive. The tensile properties of this propellant before and after artificial aging were determined. The evaporation and diffusion characteristics of nitroglycerin (NG) in propellant were evaluated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The results showed that mechanical properties of propellant were improved due to PTFE, especially for elongation at -40 °C, which was greatly increased by 115%. Moreover, the results of TGA showed that NG migration was reduced due to PTFE, which delayed the decline of propellant mechanical performance during aging. The reduction in elongation at -40 °C caused by aging was decreased by 68.5% for PTFE modified DBP. Enhanced mechanical properties and reduced NG migration could potentially prolong propellant service life.
Binding and regulation of the transcription factor NFAT by the peptidyl prolyl <i>cis</i>–<i>trans</i> isomerase Pin1 (2001)

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays a key role in T cell activation. The activation of NFAT involves calcium- and calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation from the cytoplasm, a process that is opposed by protein kinases. We show here that the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 interacts specifically with the phosphorylated form of NFAT. The NFAT-Pin1 interaction is mediated through the WW domain of Pin1 and the serine-proline-rich domains of NFAT. Furthermore, binding of Pin1 to NFAT inhibits the calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of NFAT in vitro, and overexpression of Pin1 in T cells inhibits calcium-dependent activation of NFAT in vivo. These results suggest a possible role for Pin1 in the regulation of NFAT in T cells.
An Analysis of Odorant‐Induced Currents in On‐Cell Patches on Mammalian Olfactory Receptor Neurons<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Because of the difficulty of obtaining odorant-induced currents in mammalian olfactory receptor neurons using whole-cell recording, we have developed a mathematical model of the electrical circuit of the patch and rest-of-cell. This can be used to quantitatively analyze on-cell patch pipette currents in response to perfusion of the cell by solutions containing odorants or other compounds that can alter membrane conductance or cell potential. We have analyzed pipette currents from on-cell patches of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) dissociated from adult rats. Initially, we perfused the ORNs with a high (100 mM; control 10 mM) KCl solution, which immediately induced a current flux from cell to pipette of a magnitude to imply a depolarization of approximately 52 mV, close to the value predicted from the Nernst equation (56 mV), and no change in the patch conductance. In contrast, perfusion by a cocktail of five cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulating odorants (cineole, n-amyl acetate, methyl salicylate, limonene and alpha-pinene, each at a concentration of 1 mM), after a delay of 4-10 sec, induced a current flux from pipette into the cell. Data in normal [Ca2+] and [Mg2+] implied an average patch conductance increase of approximately 36 pS, a cell depolarization of approximately 13 mV and an odorant-induced single channel conductance of approximately 16 pS. In low [Ca2+] and no Mg2+ approximately 40% of cells responded to odorants, with an induced current flow from cell to pipette implying a patch conductance increase of approximately 115 pS and cell depolarization of approximately 32 mV. The results were consistent with the odorants gating cAMP-gated cation channels. This analytical approach, which enables estimates of odorant-induced voltage and conductance changes to be made from changes in pipette current, should also be of general use for comparing cell responses to different perfusing solutions.
Multilevel error-control codes for data storage channels (1991)

The authors present a coding architecture suitable for magnetic storage systems. In data storage devices, several types of errors may occur. This includes random errors as well as burst errors of different lengths. A class of error control codes is presented, based on a multilevel coding architecture, that can correct several types of errors. The parameters of the multilevel codes can be adjusted to match the probability of each error type. The decoding algorithms of these codes allow for fast-error recovery since they are based on decoding algorithms for simple codes. A class of multilevel codes is constructed, based on Reed-Solomon codes, whose redundancy is minimal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
4D cone-beam CT reconstruction using multi-organ meshes for sliding motion modeling (2016)

A simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR) strategy was proposed for 4D cone-beam CT (4D-CBCT) reconstruction and showed excellent results in both phantom and lung cancer patient studies. In the original SMEIR algorithm, the deformation vector field (DVF) was defined on voxel grid and estimated by enforcing a global smoothness regularization term on the motion fields. The objective of this work is to improve the computation efficiency and motion estimation accuracy of SMEIR for 4D-CBCT through developing a multi-organ meshing model. Feature-based adaptive meshes were generated to reduce the number of unknowns in the DVF estimation and accurately capture the organ shapes and motion. Additionally, the discontinuity in the motion fields between different organs during respiration was explicitly considered in the multi-organ mesh model. This will help with the accurate visualization and motion estimation of the tumor on the organ boundaries in 4D-CBCT. To further improve the computational efficiency, a GPU-based parallel implementation was designed. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated on a synthetic sliding motion phantom, a 4D NCAT phantom, and four lung cancer patients. The proposed multi-organ mesh based strategy outperformed the conventional Feldkamp-Davis-Kress, iterative total variation minimization, original SMEIR and single meshing method based on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.
A review on carrier systems for bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (2016)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has unique bone regeneration property. The powerful osteoinductive nature makes it considered as second line of therapy in nonunion bone defect. A large number of carriers and delivery systems made up of different materials have been investigated for controlled and sustained release of BMP-2. The delivery systems are in the form of hydrogel, microsphere, nanoparticles, and fibers. The carriers used for the delivery are made up of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Implantation of these protein-loaded carrier leads to cell adhesion, degradation which eventually releases the drug/protein at site specific. But, problems like ectopic growth, lesser protein delivery, inactivation of the protein are reported in the available carrier systems. Therefore, it is need of an hour to modify the available carrier systems as well as explore other biomaterials with desired properties. In this review, all the reported carrier systems made of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites are evaluated in terms of their processing conditions, loading capacity and release pattern of BMP-2. Along with these biomaterials, the attempts of protein modification by adding some functional group to BMP-2 or extracting functional peptides from the protein to achieve the desired effect, is also evaluated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 904-925, 2017.
Frequency Doubling Technology and Confocal Scanning Ophthalmoscopic Optic Disc Analysis in Open-angle Glaucoma With Hemifield Defects (2001)

Frequency doubling technology can detect glaucomatous damage earlier than conventional static perimetry can.
Absorption of the cholic acid‐conjugated peptide hormone cholylsecretin from the rat ileum <i>in vivo</i> (2004)

We, therefore, concluded that cholylsecretin had been absorbed from the rat ileum by uptake by bile salt transporters.
[Prevalence of asymptomatic atherothrombotic lesions and risk of vascular events in patients with a stroke]. (2005)

Stroke patients carry a high risk of coronary and vascular events. Additional studies are required to better identify patients with a high prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic lesions and with a high risk of vascular events.
Human single‐chain variable fragment that specifically targets arthritic cartilage (2010)

Our findings indicate that biologic therapeutics can be targeted specifically to arthritic joints and suggest a new approach for the development of novel treatments of arthritis.
A Simple Equivalent Circuit Model for Ultrawideband Coupled Arrays (2012)

Equivalent circuits are proposed to model the radiation impedance of low-profile ultrawideband antenna arrays with strong interelement coupling. Previous approaches provided rudimentary equivalent circuits and referred to much smaller impedance bandwidth arrays. In this letter, we extend these models to include antenna sections that overlap with adjacent array elements (as is the case with interwoven arms of tightly coupled spirals). The proposed equivalent circuits include dielectric superstrates and representations of higher-order grating lobes. Design optimization is carried out for an array of coupled and interwoven antenna elements to develop a 20:1 impedance bandwidth aperture. It is demonstrated that the radiation impedance obtained via the proposed equivalent circuit is in excellent agreement with full-wave simulation.
Carbon nanotube incorporation in PMMA to prevent microbial adhesion (2019)

Although PMMA-based biomaterials are widely used in clinics, a major hurdle, namely, their poor antimicrobial (i.e., adhesion) properties, remains and can accelerate infections. In this study, carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to achieve drug-free antimicrobial adhesion properties. After characterizing the mechanical/surface properties, the anti-adhesive effects against 3 different oral microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans) were determined for roughened and highly polished surfaces using metabolic activity assays and staining for recognizing adherent cells. Carboxylated multiwalled CNTs were fabricated and incorporated into PMMA. Total fracture work was enhanced for composites containing 1 and 2% CNTs, while other mechanical properties were gradually compromised with the increase in the amount of CNTs incorporated. However, the surface roughness and water contact angle increased with increasing CNT incorporation. Significant anti-adhesive effects (35~95%) against 3 different oral microbial species without cytotoxicity to oral keratinocytes were observed for the 1% CNT group compared to the PMMA control group, which was confirmed by microorganism staining. The anti-adhesive mechanism was revealed as a disconnection of sequential microbe chains. The drug-free antimicrobial adhesion properties observed in the CNT-PMMA composite suggest the potential utility of CNT composites as future antimicrobial biomaterials for preventing microbial-induced complications in clinical settings (i.e., Candidiasis).
Controlled Subjective Assessments of Two-to-Five-Channel Surround Sound Processing Algorithms (1999)

Surround synthesis algorithms are designed to process ordinary two-channel stereo signals for reproduction over a larger number of loudspeakers, delivering enhanced spatial characteristics. A series of controlled subjective tests was carried out to determine the front imaging and spatial impression qualities of processed material, using conventional unmatrixed two-channel program material as a source. Compatibility with the two-channel original was assessed and listener preference established. Results suggest that in general the front image quality is reduced and the spatial impression slightly improved by processing, and that expert listeners tend to prefer unprocessed material to that which has been processed.
Preparation of thin films in the system γFe&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;- Fe&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt;for recording media by spray pyrolysis of organometallic solutions using an ultrasonic pump (1986)

Thin films of magnetic spinel iron oxides were prepared by pyrolysis of an ultrasonically generated aerosol of organometallic compounds. The bases of the method and experimental procedure are described. Polycrystalline films of good adherence and homogeneity were obtained. Lattice parameters were observed to be modified by film substrate strain interaction and to depend strongly on the hydrogen content. The oxidation state of iron was discussed in regard to the experimental growing conditions. Corresponding magnetic properties were investigated. Pure magnetite Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> films with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_{c} = 400</tex> Oe and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M_{s} = 400</tex> EMU/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and gamma ferric oxides films with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_{c} = 400</tex> Oe and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M_{s} = 250</tex> EMU/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> have been obtained without post deposition heat treatment. Annealing magnetite films in air resulted in a considerable increase of their coercivity (up to 800 Oe).