gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of Alternating Access Membrane Transport by the Sodium-Hydantoin Transporter Mhp1 (2010)

The structure of the sodium-benzylhydantoin transport protein Mhp1 from Microbacterium liquefaciens comprises a five-helix inverted repeat, which is widespread among secondary transporters. Here, we report the crystal structure of an inward-facing conformation of Mhp1 at 3.8 angstroms resolution, complementing its previously described structures in outward-facing and occluded states. From analyses of the three structures and molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a mechanism for the transport cycle in Mhp1. Switching from the outward- to the inward-facing state, to effect the inward release of sodium and benzylhydantoin, is primarily achieved by a rigid body movement of transmembrane helices 3, 4, 8, and 9 relative to the rest of the protein. This forms the basis of an alternating access mechanism applicable to many transporters of this emerging superfamily.
Radiation‐Induced Effects in Multiprogrammable Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators (1991)

Twenty-three multiprogrammable pacemakers and four implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) containing either complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or CMOS/Bipolar integrated circuit (IC) technology were exposed to 6-MV photon and 18-MeV electron radiation at various dose levels. Of the 17 pacemakers exposed to photon radiation eight failed before 50 Gy, whereas four of the six pacemakers exposed to electron radiation failed before 70 Gy. Photon scatter doses were well tolerated. For the ICDs detection and charging time increased with accumulated radiation dose, the charging time increased catastrophically at less than 50 total pulses delivered when compared with the charging time of six implanted ICDs. Sensitivity and output energy delivered by the ICD pulse were constant during the test. It was found that devices using the shorter channel length IC technology (i.e., 3 microns CMOS) were per se harder to ionizing radiation than the devices using larger channel length IC technologies (i.e., either 8 microns CMOS or combined 5 microM CMOS/20 V Bipolar). In fact, none of the devices based on 3 microns CMOS IC technology failed before 76 Gy, which is above the highest dose level (70 Gy) normally used in radiation oncology treatments.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Target for Cognition Enhancement in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Translational Overview (2014)

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) enhance cAMP and/or cGMP signaling via reducing the degradation of these cyclic nucleotides. Since both cAMP and cGMP signaling are essential in a variety of cellular functions, including neuroplasticity and neuroprotection, PDE-Is are receiving increased attention as possible targets for treatment of age-related cognitive decline as well as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review we will give a translational overview of the preclinical and clinical data on PDE-Is and cognition enhancement focusing on aging and AD. PDE2, 4 and 5 inhibitors improved memory performance in both aged animals and models of AD. Treatment with a PDE3-I or PDE7-I has not been tested in aged animals yet, but in mouse models of AD both PDE-Is improved memory performance. Unfortunately, there are no peer-reviewed studies on the effects of PDE-I treatment in aged human subjects except the possible positive effect on memory impairment of the PDE1-I vinpocetine. Three other types of PDE-Is have been tested on cognition in mild to moderate AD patients: the PDE3-I cilostazol is being tested as a co-treatment to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil, but with inconsistent results; the PDE4-I MK-0952 has been tested, although the outcome has not been disclosed yet; and the PDE9-I PF- 04447943 was reported to have no effects on cognition. Obviously, the demonstration of clinical proof of concept for cognition enhancing effects of PDE-Is and the generation of isoform selective PDE-Is are the final hurdles to overcome in developing safe and efficacious novel PDE-Is for the treatment of age-associated cognitive decline or AD.
Spectral-absorptance measurements for laser calorimetry* (1975)

Methods used at the National Bureau of Standards for determining the power or energy in laser beams depend on calorimetric comparison of laser power or energy and the calibrating electrical power or energy. For this comparison, it is essential to know the fraction of the incident radiant energy that is converted to heat and measured by the calorimeter. This fraction, the effective spectral absorptance, is measured by adding an auxiliary calorimeter, which covers practically all of the opening in the main calorimeter. A laser beam enters the main calorimeter through a small hole in the auxiliary calorimeter. The reflected laser energy and the excess thermal radiation are measured by the auxiliary calorimeter. The data analysis is based on the theory of calorimetry derived from a linear heat-flow problem. Time-dependent functions relating the transient temperature responses of the calorimeters to various constant power inputs are determined experimentally from known electrical inputs. The effective absorptance is found by comparing transient responses for electrical and laser inputs.
Eighteen functional monolayer metal oxides: wide bandgap semiconductors with superior oxidation resistance and ultrahigh carrier mobility (2018)

18 monolayer metals have superior oxidation resistance, wide bandgap, high carrier mobility and notable absorption in the ultraviolet region.
Room temperature operation of InAs∕AlSb quantum cascade lasers (2004)

The room temperature operation of InAs∕AlSb quantum cascade lasers is reported. The structure, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on an InAs substrate, is based on a vertical transition design and a low loss n+-InAs plasmon enhanced waveguide. The lasers emitting near 4.5μm operate in pulse regime up to 300K. The threshold current density of 3.18-mm-long lasers is 1.5kA∕cm2 at 83K and 9kA∕cm2 at 300K.
Nitrogen-implantation-induced transformation of iron to crystalline Fe16N2 in epitaxial iron films (1989)

Crystalline phase Fe16 N2 has been found in nitrogen-implanted epitaxial iron films on mirror-polished (100) MgO substrates. Implantations of N+2 at an acceleration voltage of 140 keV transformed the bcc iron into a partially ordered nitrogen martensite with a body-centered-tetragonal (bct) structure. The amount of the ordered part was increased to some extent by an annealing treatment in vacuum at 150 °C for 2 hr. An implantation with a dose of 4×1016 N2/cm2 transformed 60% iron in a film into the bct martensite. The constituent of the ordered phase (Fe16 N2 ) in the bct martensite was 16 wt. %. After the annealing, the constituent increased to 24%. It is proposed that a formation of lower temperature and metastable compound such as Fe16 N2 can be made available through energetic ion implantation.
Reactive barrier films (2001)

Abstract Immobile reactive groups within films used as packaging materials can retard transport of solutes like oqgen and water uapor. A theoy developed for these films shows that these groups do not affect the steady‐state transport across the film, but that they do increase the time before permeability begins. The theory is verified by experiments with acid barriers made of polyvinylalcohol containing colloidal zinc oxide. These results imply that the time that barrier polymers are effectiue can be increased about two orders of magnitude. When reactive groups are combined with impermeable flakes, this time can be increased about three orders of magnitude. For example, a polymer barrier currently effective for one hour can be made effectiue for over one year.
Tubulin Polyglutamylase Enzymes Are Members of the TTL Domain Protein Family (2005)

Polyglutamylation of tubulin has been implicated in several functions of microtubules, but the identification of the responsible enzyme(s) has been challenging. We found that the neuronal tubulin polyglutamylase is a protein complex containing a tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) protein, TTLL1. TTLL1 is a member of a large family of proteins with a TTL homology domain, whose members could catalyze ligations of diverse amino acids to tubulins or other substrates. In the model protist Tetrahymena thermophila, two conserved types of polyglutamylases were characterized that differ in substrate preference and subcellular localization.
Study on the nature of the Goodpasture antigen using a basement membrane-producing mouse tumour. (1980)

Autoantibodies in the sera of patients with Goodpasture's syndrome showed a strong reaction in indirect immunofluorescence tests on unfixed, frozen sections of a mouse tumour (EHS sarcoma), previously shown to produce extracellular basement membrane. Anti-basement membrane antibodies from patients with bullous pemphigoid failed to react with the mouse tumour, but showed a distinct reaction with cylindroma tissue. Absorption of Goodpasture sera with tumour homogenate completely abolished their reaction on sections of human and murine kidney. Basement membrane (type IV) collagen and a high molecular weight, non-collagenous glycoprotein were isolated from the tumour matrix and studied in absorption experiments and radioimmunoassays. Little or not reaction was observed with Goodpasture patients' sera indicating that neither of these two proteins is the major antigen involved in the disease. Antigenic material reacting with Goodpasture sera was extracted from the tumour in neutral salt solutions, suggesting that it is a non-collagenous protein.
Chemistry of Curcumin and Curcuminoids (1992)

The interest in curcumin as a natural coloring agent, as a pharmaceutical excipient and as a drug/drug model is increasing. The physicochemical properties of curcumin strongly influence its interaction with other molecules, affecting the analytical behaviour and possibly also the in vivo reaction mechanisms. Physicochemical properties, analytical aspects and stability of curcumin and curcuminoids with respect to the utility of these compounds are discussed.
Quantification of signalling components and amplification in the <i>β</i>-adrenergic-receptor-adenylate cyclase pathway in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes (1995)

We have investigated the stoichiometric relationship of proteins involved in beta-adrenergic-receptor-mediated signal transduction in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. These cells contain about 2.1 x 10(5) beta-adrenergic receptors per cell, as determined by radio-ligand-binding assays. We have assessed the amount of Gs alpha present in myocyte membranes by immunoblotting using a purified glutathione S-transferase-Gs alpha fusion protein as a standard for quantification. By this method, we determined that cardiac myocytes contain about 35 x 10(6) and 12 x 10(6) molecules per cell of the 45 and 52 kDa forms of Gs alpha, respectively. [3H]Forskolin binding assays were used to assess the formation of high-affinity forskolin binding sites representing Gs alpha-adenylate cyclase complexes occurring in response to Gs alpha activation. Quantification of the adenylate cyclase complexes was facilitated by the permeabilization of cells with saponin. The addition of isoprenaline (isoproterenol) and guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]trisphosphate to saponin-permeabilized myocytes results in the formation of 6 x 10(5) Gs alpha-adenylate cyclase complexes. Taken together, the data presented here demonstrate that, in a physiologically relevant setting, G-protein is present in large stoichiometric excess relative to both receptor and effector. In addition, we show that, overall, only modest signal amplification occurs between receptor and adenylate cyclase. Thus adenylate cyclase (rather than Gs) is the component distal to receptor that limits agonist-mediated increases in cyclic AMP production. Although limited data are as yet available for other G-protein-regulated effectors, we hypothesize that the stoichiometry of signalling components and the extent of signal amplification described for the beta-adrenergic response pathway will be applicable to other G-protein-coupled hormone receptor systems.
Design of a Low-Power LDPC Decoder by Reducing Decoding Iterations (2007)

LDPC Low Density Parity Check) code, which is an error correcting code determined to be applied to the 4th generation mobile communication systems, requires a heavy computational complexity due to iterative decodings to achieve a high BER performance. This paper proposes an algorithm to reduce the number of decoding iterations to increase performance of the decoder in decoding latency and power consumption. Measuring changes between the current decoded LLR values and previous ones, the proposed algorithm predicts directions of the value changes. Based on the prediction, the algorithm inverts the sign bits of the LLR values to speed up convergence, which means parity check equation is satisfied. Simulation results show that the number of iterations has been reduced by about 33% without BER performance degradation in the proposed decoder, and the power consumption has also been decreased in proportional to the amount of the reduced decoding iterations.
Deoxidation Limits of Titanium Alloys during Pressure Electro Slag Remelting (2016)

This paper focuses on deoxidation of titanium alloys produced by aluminothermic reduction (ATR) and subsequent homogenizing and alloying by vacuum induction melting (VIM). The main goal of the performed research work is to outline the deoxidation limit during pressure electro slag remelting (PESR) of the described material.
Solvent Equilibria of AlCl[sub 3]-NaCl Melts (1973)

The solvent acid‐base properties of melts containing 50–70 mole per cent at temperatures of 175°–355°C are fully described by the use of three equilibrium constants
Hybrid modeling and control of a coaxial unmanned rotorcraft interacting with its environment through contact (2013)

A new type of coaxial-rotor unmanned helicopter capable of physically interacting with its environment is the subject of this paper. Its design is optimized in order to provide the means of robust environmental interaction through contact (e.g. docking and sliding on walls). Due to the rapid change of the dynamics from the free-flying helicopter to the helicopter subject to the forces and moments during contact a hybrid systems modeling approach is followed. This global model of the system's dynamics is the basis for the design of a hybrid model predictive controller that guarantees the stability of the hybrid system and provides the capability of controlled docking on walls as well as sliding on them. The capabilities of the platform and the efficiency of the control law are illustrated through experimental studies.
Estimating deaths due to medical error: the ongoing controversy and why it matters (2016)

One important reason for the widespread attention given to the 1999 US Institute of Medicine (IOM) report To Err Is Human 1 lie in its estimate that medical error was to blame for 44 000–98 000 deaths each year in the US hospitals. This striking claim established patient safety as a public concern, strengthened the case for improving the science underlying safety and motivated providers, policymakers, payers and regulators to take safety seriously. Some did express disquiet about the validity of the figures cited,2 including one of the principal investigators of the two studies that provided the data for these estimates.3

A decade and a half later, Makary and Daniel4 attribute an even higher toll to medical error: 251 454 deaths in US hospitals per year, making, they say, medical error the third-leading cause of death in the USA. Unsurprisingly, this claim generated widespread coverage in multiple media channels. It also ignited scientific controversy about the basis of the estimate and the role of mortality as a patient safety indicator (PSI). In this paper, we address this controversy and why it matters. We propose that the new estimate is very likely to be wrong. Not only is it wrong, it risks undermining rather than strengthening the cause of patient safety.

Though the paper by Makary and Daniel was widely cited as ‘a study’, it presented no new data nor did it use formal methods to synthesise the data it used from previous studies. The authors simply took the arithmetic average of four estimates since the publication of the IOM report, including one from HealthGrades,5 a for-profit company that markets quality and safety ratings, a report from the US Office of the Inspector General (OIG)6 and two peer-reviewed articles (table 1).7 ,8 The paper did not apply …
Purification and Characterization of a mammalian endoexonuclease (1992)

An endo-exonuclease has been purified from cultured monkey (CV-1) cells. The enzyme which was purified to near homogeneity to be a 65 kDa monomeric protein. The single-strand DNase activity is endonucleolytic and nonprocessive, whereas the double-strand DNase activity is exonucleolytic and processive. The enzyme was also found to have RNase activity using poly-rA as substrate. The pH optimum for ss-DNase is 8 and for ds-DNase it is 7.5. Both DNase activities require a divalent metal ion (Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Zn2+) for activity and exhibit the same kinetics of heat inactivation. The purified protein binds to and cleaves a synthetic Holliday junction substrate. The overall enzymatic characteristics of the mammalian protein are very similar to the putative recombination endo-exonucleases purified from Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Three types of blood group I specificity among monoclonal anti-I autoantibodies revealed by analogues of a branched erythrocyte glycolipid. (1979)

Blood group I activities of the purified glycosphingolipid lacto-N-iso-octaosyl ceramide (Fromula: see text) and 8 of its analogues have been evaluated with 11 anti-I sera including 5 anti-I sera previously tested. All but one of the antisera were inhibited by the lacto-N-iso-octaosyl structure. Three types of I-specificity could be distinguished although none of the anti-I sera was identical in its inhibition patterns with the nine glycophingolipid analogues. The anti-I sera Ma and Woj represent the first type and require an intact Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 6 chain, the anti-I sera Step, Gra, Ver, and Ful represent the second type which requires Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 3 chain with branching, and the anti-I sera Phi, Da, Sch, and Low belong to the third type which requires both branches to be intact. Anti-I antibodies varry in their ability to react with their antigenic determinants in the presence of external substitutions with alpha-linked galactose or sialic acid.
Francolinus schlegelii Heuglin in Cameroon (1960)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Structure of the Si{100} surface in the clean (2×1), (2×1)-H monohydride, (1×1)-H dihydride, and<i>c</i>(4×4)-H phases (1993)

The structure of the Si{100} surface in the clean (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)-H monohydride, (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)-H dihydride, and c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)-H phases has been studied by time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry. The hydrogenated phases were formed by saturation exposure to atomic hydrogen at room temperature for (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), \ensuremath{\approxeq}400 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), and \ensuremath{\approxeq}620 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4). Time-of-flight spectra of scattered and recoiled neutrals plus ions were collected as a function of crystal azimuthal angle and primary-beam incident angle to the surface. Structural analyses of the phases were obtained from the azimuthal anisotropy of the recoiled silicon-atom flux from 4 keV ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ primary ions and from the critical incident angles for 4-keV ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$ primary ions scattering along selected azimuths. Analysis of shadowing and blocking effects in these scattering and recoiling events, using calibrated shadow cones, is used in the structure determinations. The data provide a direct determination of the interatomic spacings in the outermost silicon layer of the four surface phases investigated.
A role for the CB-associated SUMO isopeptidase USPL1 in RNAPII-mediated snRNA transcription (2014)

Cajal bodies are nuclear structures that are involved in biogenesis of snRNPs and snoRNPs, maintenance of telomeres and processing of histone mRNA. Recently, the SUMO isopeptidase USPL1 was identified as a component of Cajal bodies that is essential for cellular growth and Cajal body integrity. However, a cellular function for USPL1 is so far unknown. Here, we use RNAi-mediated knockdown in human cells in combination with biochemical and fluorescence microscopy approaches to investigate the function of USPL1 and its link to Cajal bodies. We demonstrate that levels of snRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase (RNAP) II are reduced upon knockdown of USPL1 and that downstream processes such as snRNP assembly and pre-mRNA splicing are compromised. Importantly, we find that USPL1 associates directly with U snRNA loci and that it interacts and colocalises with components of the Little Elongation Complex, which is involved in RNAPII-mediated snRNA transcription. Thus, our data indicate that USPL1 plays a key role in RNAPII-mediated snRNA transcription.
Oxidative Stress May Contribute to the Intestinal Dysfunction of Weanling Rats Fed a Low Protein Diet (1993)

Intestinal function is impaired in malnutrition. Because oxidative stress is a component of gastrointestinal injury, and malnutrition may reduce antioxidant defenses, we investigated the involvement of oxidative stress in the intestinal dysfunction due to malnutrition. Weanling rats were fed either a normal protein (22% casein) or a low protein (6% casein) diet for 4 wk. In intestinal homogenates, we assessed free radical damage and enzymatic antioxidant defenses. In jejunal fragments mounted in Ussing chambers, we measured ionic transport by short-circuit current (Isc) and protein permeability by transepithelial fluxes of beta-lactoglobulin. Catalase activity and the thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances concentration were greater in intestinal mucosa of the low protein group, whereas the glutathione concentration and the activities of superoxide dismutase and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase were the same as in the normal protein group intestinal mucosa. Both basal Isc and the delta Isc induced by glucose and forskolin, as well as beta-lactoglobulin fluxes, were higher in the low protein group. Exogenous H2O2 stress increased Isc significantly more in the low protein than the normal protein group but did not alter protein permeability. These results show that malnutrition induces both intestinal free radical damage and altered epithelial transport, suggesting that oxidative stress may contribute to the intestinal dysfunction associated with malnutrition.
Material Developments and Light Control in Organic Light-Emitting Diode (2000)

Abstract We report the influence of organic materials on the thermal stability and emission efficiency of organic light-emitting diode (OLED). To improve the device performance several hole transporting materials and emitting materials were developed based on triphenylamine and metal-chelate complex, respectively. The electroluminescent characteristics of the OLEDs are shown and discussed in view of properties of the materials. Control of light emission in the OLED with microcavity is also presented to suggest a new application.