gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage Capacity in CO2 EOR Incorporating the Effect of Underlying Aquifers (2004)

Abstract Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have risen since the beginning of the industrial revolution, primarily as a consequence of fossil fuel combustion for energy production and other industrial activities. Recognizing the challenge imposed by the potential for climate change, recent initiatives by various governments and by energy producers target a significant reduction in the intensity of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. A major mitigation strategy for reducing the intensity and amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere is CO2 capture and sequestration, of which geological sequestration is a major component. Although enhanced oil recovery operations have the lowest capacity of all options for geological CO2 sequestration, they are most likely to be implemented first because of the additional economic benefit that will help offset the cost of CO2 sequestration. Assuming that the pore space previously occupied by the produced oil can be backfilled with CO2, a methodology has been developed for the identification and screening of oil reservoirs that are suitable for CO2 flooding and for estimating their CO2 sequestration capacity at depletion, as well as under enhanced oil recovery. The methodology has been applied to close to 11,000 oil pools in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that are recorded in provincial reserves databases. Of these, 4,767 oil pools are technically suitable for CO2 flooding, with an estimated incremental oil production and total CO2 sequestration capacity of 350×106 m3 (2,200 MMbbl) and 988 Mt CO2, respectively. However, only 110 oil pools have individual CO2 sequestration capacity greater than 1 Mt CO2 each, but together they account for ~61% of the total. The incremental oil production from these 110 oil pools is estimated to be 150×106 m3 (930 MMbbl) oil, and these oil pools should be considered first in detailed studies of CO2 EOR and sequestration. To account for the effect of underlying aquifer influx that reduces CO2 storage capacity, analysis of the production history of these 110 oil pools shows that the water-oil and gasoil ratios are indicative of the strength of the underlying aquifers, but the recovery factor is not. The underlying aquifer is considered strong if cumulative net WOR&gt;0.25, and weak if WOR&lt;0.15. For WOR between 0.15 and 0.25, strong aquifer support is indicated by cumulative GOR&lt;1,000 m3/m3 (5,600 scf/bbl), otherwise the aquifer support is weak. Material balance analysis on 19 of these oil pools with active aquifers indicated that, if the reservoir pressure is only allowed to increase back to the initial pressure, the CO2 sequestration capacity is reduced on average only by ~3%, if the underlying aquifer is weak, and by ~50% if the underlying aquifer is strong.
LMP1 mediates multinuclearity through downregulation of shelterin proteins and formation of telomeric aggregates (2015)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Burkitt lymphoma are both germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas. To assess the consequences of permanent latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) expression as observed in tumor cells of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) -associated HL, we analyzed 3-dimensional (3D) telomere dynamics and measured the expression of shelterin proteins at the transcriptional and translational level and their topographic distribution in the EBV-negative Burkitt cell line BJAB stably transfected with an inducible LMP1 system. Stable LMP1 expression led to a highly significant increase of multinucleated cells, nuclear volume, and 3D telomeric aggregates when compared with the LMP1-suppressed BJAB controls. Most importantly, LMP1 induced a significant downregulation of the shelterin components TRF1, TRF2, and POT1 at the transcriptional and translational level, and this downregulation was reversed after resuppression of LMP1. In addition, as revealed by spectral karyotyping, LMP1 induced "outré" giant cells and hypoploid "ghost" cells. This LMP1-induced multinucleation was blocked upon LMP1-independent TRF2 expression. These results show that LMP1-dependent deregulation of telomere stability and nuclear organization via shelterin downregulation, in particular TRF2, favors chromosomal rearrangements. We speculate that telomeric aggregates and ongoing breakage-bridge-fusion cycles lead to disturbed cytokinesis and finally to multinuclearity, as observed in EBV-associated HL.
Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance and Directional Resonance Coupling in a PCF (2017)

We propose a refractive index (RI) and temperature sensor design based on hybrid mechanisms in a D-shaped all-solid photonic crystal fiber. The D-shaped flat surface is coated with a silver film to construct surface plasmon resonance for the RI sensing, while a single hole in the all-solid structure is filled with benzene to form a directional resonance coupling for the temperature sensing. With a strong coupling between the core mode and the resonance modes, the maximum sensitivities of the RI and the temperature are as high as 12900 nm/RIU and 23.85 nm/°C. Since two resonance designs are used, this sensor can avoid the need for metal coating in the fiber holes and use a high RI sensing medium for temperature sensing.
The effect of respiratory motion variability and tumor size on the accuracy of average intensity projection from four‐dimensional computed tomography: An investigation based on dynamic MRI (2008)

Composite images such as average intensity projection (AIP) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) derived from four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) images are commonly used in radiation therapy for treating lung and abdominal tumors. It has been reported that the quality of 4D-CT images is influenced by the patient respiratory variability, which can be assessed by the standard deviation of the peak and valley of the respiratory trajectory. Subsequently, the resultant MIP underestimates the actual tumor motion extent. As a more general application, AIP comprises not only the tumor motion extent but also the probability that the tumor is present. AIP generated from 4D-CT can also be affected by the respiratory variability. To quantitate the accuracy of AIP and develop clinically relevant parameters for determining suitability of the 4D-CT study for AIP-based treatment planning, real time sagittal dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) was used as the basis for generating simulated 4D-CT. Five-minute MRI scans were performed on seven healthy volunteers and eight lung tumor patients. In addition, images of circular phantoms with diameter 1, 3, or 5 cm were generated by software to simulate lung tumors. Motion patterns determined by dMRI images were reproduced by the software generated phantoms. Resorted dMRI using a 4D-CT acquisition method (RedCAM) based on phantom or patient images was reconstructed by simulating the imaging rebinning processes. AIP images and the corresponding color intensity projection (CIP) images were reconstructed from RedCAM and the full set of dMRI for comparison. AIP similarity indicated by the Dice index between RedCAM and dMRI was calculated and correlated with respiratory variability (v) and tumor size (s). The similarity of percentile intrafractional motion target area (IMTA), defined by the area that the tumor presented for a given percentage of time, and MIP-to-percentile IMTA similarity as a function of percentile were also determined. As a result, AIP similarity depends on both respiratory variability and tumor sizes. The AIP similarity correlated linearly with the respiratory variability normalized by tumor sizes (R2 equal to 0.82 and 0.91 for the phantom study and the patient study, respectively). For both studies, MIP derived from RedCAM was close to the area that the tumor presented 90% or more of the time and missed the region where the tumor appeared less than 10% of the time. In conclusion, the accuracy of composite images such as AIP and MIP derived from 4D-CT to define the tumor motion and position is affected by patient-specific respiratory variability and tumor sizes. Based on our study, normalized respiratory variability appears to be a pertinent parameter to assess the suitability of a 4D-CT image set for ALP-based treatment planning.
Correlate of Immune Protection Against HSV-1 Genital Disease in Vaccinated Women (2013)

The protection against HSV-1 infection observed in the Herpevac Trial for Women was associated with antibodies directed against the vaccine. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00057330.
Designed Protein-Protein Association (2008)

The analysis of natural contact interfaces between protein subunits and between proteins has disclosed some general rules governing their association. We have applied these rules to produce a number of novel assemblies, demonstrating that a given protein can be engineered to form contacts at various points of its surface. Symmetry plays an important role because it defines the multiplicity of a designed contact and therefore the number of required mutations. Some of the proteins needed only a single side-chain alteration in order to associate to a higher-order complex. The mobility of the buried side chains has to be taken into account. Four assemblies have been structurally elucidated. Comparisons between the designed contacts and the results will provide useful guidelines for the development of future architectures.
DeepReduce: A Sparse-tensor Communication Framework for Distributed Deep Learning (2021)

Sparse tensors appear frequently in distributed deep learning, either as a direct artifact of the deep neural network's gradients, or as a result of an explicit sparsification process. Existing communication primitives are agnostic to the peculiarities of deep learning; consequently, they impose unnecessary communication overhead. This paper introduces DeepReduce, a versatile framework for the compressed communication of sparse tensors, tailored for distributed deep learning. DeepReduce decomposes sparse tensors in two sets, values and indices, and allows both independent and combined compression of these sets. We support a variety of common compressors, such as Deflate for values, or run-length encoding for indices. We also propose two novel compression schemes that achieve superior results: curve fitting-based for values and bloom filter-based for indices. DeepReduce is orthogonal to existing gradient sparsifiers and can be applied in conjunction with them, transparently to the end-user, to significantly lower the communication overhead. As proof of concept, we implement our approach on Tensorflow and PyTorch. Our experiments with large real models demonstrate that DeepReduce transmits fewer data and imposes lower computational overhead than existing methods, without affecting the training accuracy.
Studies on the heterocyclic compounds. XXI. A new alkylation of pyridazines with nitromethane and nitroethane. (1977)

Pyridazine derivatives (I, III, V, VII, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVII, and XIX) were treated with nitromethane and nitroethane in the presence of a basic catalyst to give the corresponding 5-methyl (IIa, IVa, VIa, VIIIa, Xa, XIIa, XIVa, XVIa, XVIIIa, and XXa) and 5-ethyl derivatives (IVb, VIb, VIIIb, Xb, XIIb, XIVb, XVIb, and XVIIIb). Namely, in these reactions nuclear alkylation occurred instead of nitroalkylation.
Waveguide polarization-independent optical circulator (1999)

We fabricated a new type of waveguide polarization-independent optical circulator which does not need a polarization-beam splitter. The circulator is based on a non-reciprocal Mach-Zehnder interferometer which consists of two waveguide Faraday rotators, two thin-film half-waveplates and two planar lightwave circuit-type 3-dB couplers. The fabricated circulator provides a 14.0-23.7-dB isolation and a 3.0-3.3 dB insertion loss at /spl lambda/=1.55 μm. This circulator presents a new possibility for developing non-reciprocal devices in the field of integrated optics.
A Highly Available Generic Billing Architecture for Heterogenous Mobile Cloud Services (2014)

Rating, Charging, Billing (RCB) is the fundamental activity that enables a business to generate revenue stream depending on the resource consumption by their consumers. Traditionally, telecom operators have used custom designed, vertically integrated solution for RCB which often results in a complex system that is difficult to adapt to new service offerings. With telecom operator’s desire to capitalize on cloud computing by using their vast amount of infrastructure, the need for a RCB solution that serves the needs of cloudified telcos is needed. In this paper we present an approach to implement a generic rating, charging, and billing engine that serves the business and technical needs of both cloudified telecom services and those of cloud service providers. Key to this is a generic accounting process to drive the design of the generic RCB architecture. We show how RCB as a service can be offered catering to not only traditional telco services, the new cloud services they wish and will offer, but packaged cloudified services to the consumers and application developers as well. Finally, we detail how our architecture can be distributed and key services replicated to ensure high-availability. The end result of this paper is a solution that can enable telecom service providers to leverage the rapidly growing and accelerating cloud service market.
Frequent Long-Range Epigenetic Silencing of Protocadherin Gene Clusters on Chromosome 5q31 in Wilms' Tumor (2009)

Wilms' tumour (WT) is a pediatric tumor of the kidney that arises via failure of the fetal developmental program. The absence of identifiable mutations in the majority of WTs suggests the frequent involvement of epigenetic aberrations in WT. We therefore conducted a genome-wide analysis of promoter hypermethylation in WTs and identified hypermethylation at chromosome 5q31 spanning 800 kilobases (kb) and more than 50 genes. The methylated genes all belong to alpha-, beta-, and gamma-protocadherin (PCDH) gene clusters (Human Genome Organization nomenclature PCDHA@, PCDHB@, and PCDHG@, respectively). This demonstrates that long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES) occurs in developmental tumors as well as in adult tumors. Bisulfite polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that PCDH hypermethylation is a frequent event found in all Wilms' tumor subtypes. Hypermethylation is concordant with reduced PCDH expression in tumors. WT precursor lesions showed no PCDH hypermethylation, suggesting that de novo PCDH hypermethylation occurs during malignant progression. Discrete boundaries of the PCDH domain are delimited by abrupt changes in histone modifications; unmethylated genes flanking the LRES are associated with permissive marks which are absent from methylated genes within the domain. Silenced genes are marked with non-permissive histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation. Expression analysis of embryonic murine kidney and differentiating rat metanephric mesenchymal cells demonstrates that Pcdh expression is developmentally regulated and that Pcdhg@ genes are expressed in blastemal cells. Importantly, we show that PCDHs negatively regulate canonical Wnt signalling, as short-interfering RNA-induced reduction of PCDHG@ encoded proteins leads to elevated beta-catenin protein, increased beta-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) reporter activity, and induction of Wnt target genes. Conversely, over-expression of PCDHs suppresses beta-catenin/TCF-reporter activity and also inhibits colony formation and growth of cancer cells in soft agar. Thus PCDHs are candidate tumor suppressors that modulate regulatory pathways critical in development and disease, such as canonical Wnt signaling.
Atmospheric invariants for hyperspectral image correction (2008)

The degrading effect of the atmosphere on hyperspectral imagery has long been recognised as a major issue in applying techniques such as spectrally-matched filters to hyperspectral data. There are a number of algorithms available in the literature for the correction of hyperspectral data. However most of these approaches rely either on identifying objects within a scene (e.g. water whose spectral characteristics are known) or by measuring the relative effects of certain absorption features and using this to construct a model of the atmosphere which can then be used to correct the image. In the work presented here, we propose an alternative approach which makes use of the fact that the effective number of degrees of freedom in the atmosphere (transmission, path radiance and downwelling radiance with respect to wavelength) is often substantially less than the number of degrees of freedom in the spectra of interest. This allows the definition of a fixed set of invariant features (which may be linear or non-linear) from which reflectance spectra can be approximately reconstructed irrespective of the particular atmosphere. The technique is demonstrated on a range of data across the visible to near infra-red, mid-wave and long-wave infra-red regions, where its performance is quantified.
부모의 방임행동, 아동의 비합리적 신념이 아동의 분노표현방식에 미치는 영향 (2010)

This study examined the effect of parents` neglect behavior and children`s irrational beliefs on children`s anger expression style. The participants were 379 5th and 6th grade elementary school children. The major findings were as follows. Children tended to perceive higher levels of their parents` cognitive and emotional neglect than physical and home environmental neglect. Boys perceived higher levels of their parents` physical, supervisory and home environmental neglect than girls, and girls showed higher level of excessively self-expecting belief than boys. There were statistically significant correlations between the parents` neglect behavior, their child`s irrational beliefs and anger expression style. A regression analysis showed that parents` physical and cognitive neglect were predictors of children`s anger control. Children`s excessive apprehension and avoidance beliefs were the best predictors of children`s anger-in, while children`s deterministic belief was the best predictor of children`s anger-out. Parents` physical neglect behavior appeared to be powerful predictor.
Federated Collaborative Filtering for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Recommendation System (2019)

The increasing interest in user privacy is leading to new privacy preserving machine learning paradigms. In the Federated Learning paradigm, a master machine learning model is distributed to user clients, the clients use their locally stored data and model for both inference and calculating model updates. The model updates are sent back and aggregated on the server to update the master model then redistributed to the clients. In this paradigm, the user data never leaves the client, greatly enhancing the user' privacy, in contrast to the traditional paradigm of collecting, storing and processing user data on a backend server beyond the user's control. In this paper we introduce, as far as we are aware, the first federated implementation of a Collaborative Filter. The federated updates to the model are based on a stochastic gradient approach. As a classical case study in machine learning, we explore a personalized recommendation system based on users' implicit feedback and demonstrate the method's applicability to both the MovieLens and an in-house dataset. Empirical validation confirms a collaborative filter can be federated without a loss of accuracy compared to a standard implementation, hence enhancing the user's privacy in a widely used recommender application while maintaining recommender performance.
Multiple 3D Object tracking for augmented reality (2008)

We present a method that is able to track several 3D objects simultaneously, robustly, and accurately in real-time. While many applications need to consider more than one object in practice, the existing methods for single object tracking do not scale well with the number of objects, and a proper way to deal with several objects is required. Our method combines object detection and tracking: Frame-to-frame tracking is less computationally demanding but is prone to fail, while detection is more robust but slower. We show how to combine them to take the advantages of the two approaches, and demonstrate our method on several real sequences.
Towards micropropulsion systems on-a-chip: initial results of component feasibility studies (2002)

Recent advances in the development of several micropropulsion components for microspacecraft applications are reported. These include a vaporizing liquid micro-thruster, a micro ion engine, a micro-isolation valve, a micro-piezo valve, and a micro-solenoid valve. These components are envisioned to be integrated with chip-based driver and power conditioning electronics into highly integrated, compactly configured micropropulsion modules, reducing overall system weight and size as well as cost and complexity of propulsion system integration. Proof-of-concept demonstration for several of the concepts was recently obtained. A vaporizing liquid thruster chip was able to demonstrate vaporization of water propellant at a power level of 2 W. A micro-isolation valve could be opened at an energy of 16 mJ within 0.1 ms, and sustain burst pressures of up to 3,000 psig.
Pattern matching and refinement hybrid approach to circuit comparison (1994)

We present a new approach to circuit comparison which was developed to combine general applicability with most of the advantages of hierarchical processing. The basic principle of operation is the pattern matching of arbitrary subcircuits in larger circuits. Typically, a hierarchical schematic has to be compared with a flat netlist extracted from the layout. In our approach, this is accomplished by successive, bottom-up matching of schematic cells in the layout netlist, thus reconstructing the schematic hierarchy. The method is independent of circuit technology and design style. A sophisticated hierarchy handling scheme enables the usage of ill-structured schematic hierarchies. The typical problems in circuit comparison are overcome in a quite natural way by pattern matching. Real-life examples indicate the tool's suitability in function and performance. The hybrid approach is a mixture between the pattern matching approach and the traditional refinement technique. In this way, the advantages of both methods can be exploited.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>