gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech enhancement based conceptually on auditory evidence (1991)

A new idea, enhancing speech based on auditory evidence, is explored for the problem of enhancing speech degraded by stationary and nonstationary additive white noise. Distinguishing different objectives for heavy and light noise interference, two related algorithms are developed. For speech degraded by heavy noise, the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is as high as 12 dB; for lightly noisy speech, the improvement is modest and decreases as the SNR of the noisy speech increases. Quantizing noise is used to assess the capacity for reducing nonstationary noise using these algorithms; a significant reduction of such noise and an improvement in speech quality are achieved. The advantages of the proposed algorithms for speech enhancement include no need for prior knowledge of the noise and only a modest computational requirement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cadherins and tissue formation: integrating adhesion and signaling (1999)

Cadherins and other cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion molecules play an essential role during development. Through their cytoplasmic interaction with the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion molecules physically link cells with the extracellular matrix and/or with each other. These interactions create architectural and structural entities that enable the tissues in the embryo to restrain the physical forces encountered during development. Regulated cell adhesion is also often the driving force of morphogenetic movements. This review goes beyond the adhesive aspect of cadherins, focusing on their roles as signaling molecules in development. We discuss how cadherins, through their effects on cell proliferation, cell death, cell polarization, and differentiation, play a role in the formation of tissues and organs in the developing embryo.
Global assays of hemostasis (2014)

Empirical thrombin generation assays (direct and indirect) and computational modeling of thrombin generation have greatly advanced our understanding of the hemostatic balance. Implementation of these types of assays and visualization approaches in the clinic will potentially provide a basis for the development of individualized patient care. Advances in both empirical and computational global assays have made the goal of predicting precrisis changes in an individual's hemostatic state one step closer.
Energy-Efficient Broadcasting in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

We give an extended review of existing energy efficient broadcasting protocols for ad hoc networks.
State of the Nation (1945)

State of the Nation. By John Dos Passos. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1944. x + 333 pp. Illustrations. $3.00.) Get access Walter Johnson Walter Johnson The University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 31, Issue 4, March 1945, Page 626, https://doi.org/10.2307/1895368 Published: 01 March 1945
Blockage of JAK/STAT signalling attenuates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats (2007)

This study demonstrated the involvement of JAK/STAT signalling in the pathogenesis of renal I/R injury, suggesting that JAK/STAT pathway may serve as a potential target for early intervention in ischaemic acute renal failure.
Efficacy and Safety of Metreleptin in Patients with Partial Lipodystrophy: Lessons from an Expanded Access Program (2016)

Our clinical observations document the large heterogeneity and disease burden of partial lipodystrophy syndromes and suggest that metreleptin treatment benefits may extend to patients with partial lipodystrophy. Additional studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Homolytic organometallic reactions. Part III. An electron spin resonance study of homolytic t-butoxydealkylation of organometallic compounds. Rate constants for the reaction at boron (1971)

When di-t-butyl peroxide is photolysed in the presence of a variety of organometallic compounds (RM) in an e.s.r. cavity, the alkoxyl radicals which are formed induce an SH2 reaction at the metal centre, and the e.s.r. spectrum of the displaced alkyl radical R· can be observed [equation (i)]. The rates of these SH2 reactions for a variety of trialkyl- [graphic omitted] boranes and trialkylboroxines have been studied by causing the organoboranes to compete with cyclopentane for reaction with the t-butoxyl radicals [equation (ii)], and monitoring the relative concentrations of the alkyl and cyclopentyl radicals by e.s.r. The reactions are very fast (ki= 105–107 M–1 s–1) and are characterised by low activation energies (0–5 kcal mol–1), and A factors generally in the range 107–108.
Amberlyst-15 Catalyzed Addition of Phenols to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones (1989)

Abstract Amberlyst-15 has been used to catalyze regioselective additions of phenols to α,β-unsaturated ketones in yields of 20–90%. The reaction is superior to the analogous reaction employing concentrated sulfuric acid in affording greater yields and purer products with a minimum of laboratory operations.
A novel locus for dominant cerebellar ataxia (SCA14) maps to a 10.2-cM interval flanked by D19S206 and D19S605 on chromosome 19q13.4-qter (2000)

Dominantly inherited, late-onset pure cerebellar ataxia is a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. Approximately half of these disorders in the Japanese population are caused by moderate expansion of a CAG repeat in the coding region of the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13 (SCA6). However, neither the loci nor the specific mutations for the remaining disorders have been determined. We performed systematic linkage analysis in a three-generation Japanese family with a locus or mutation that differed from those of known spinocerebellar ataxias. The family members with a late onset (> or =39 years old) exhibited pure cerebellar ataxia, whereas those with an early onset (< or =27 years old) first showed intermittent axial myoclonus followed by ataxia. Other neurological signs were sparse, and neuroimaging studies revealed that atrophy was confined to the cerebellum. Multipoint analysis and haplotype reconstruction ultimately traced this novel spinocerebellar ataxia locus (SCA14) to a 10.2-cM interval flanked by D19S206 and D19S605 on chromosome 19q13.4-qter (Zmax = 4.08, corrected for age-dependent penetrance).
Modulation of the notch pathway for immunotherapy. (2005)

Since its initial description as a neurogenic locus in Drosophila, the Notch pathway has been shown to play a central role in cell fate decisions across species, including vertebrates, guiding the differentiation of multiple cell types. In the immune system, its function was first demonstrated during lymphopoiesis, but in recent years this pathway has been shown to still be active in peripheral T-cells. Therapeutic opportunities that could arise from the manipulation of Notch signaling in immune disorders such as autoimmunity, allergy and in cancer immunotherapy and transplantation are discussed.
On Agnostic Learning of Parities, Monomials, and Halfspaces (2009)

We study the learnability of several fundamental concept classes in the agnostic learning framework of [D. Haussler, Inform. and Comput., 100 (1992), pp. 78–150] and [M. Kearns, R. Schapire, and L. Sellie, Machine Learning, 17 (1994), pp. 115–141]. We show that under the uniform distribution, agnostically learning parities reduce to learning parities with random classification noise, commonly referred to as the noisy parity problem. Together with the parity learning algorithm of [A. Blum, A. Kalai, and H. Wasserman, J. ACM, 50 (2003), pp. 506–519], this gives the first nontrivial algorithm for agnostic learning of parities. We use similar techniques to reduce learning of two other fundamental concept classes under the uniform distribution to learning of noisy parities. Namely, we show that learning of disjunctive normal form (DNF) expressions reduces to learning noisy parities of just logarithmic number of variables, and learning of k-juntas reduces to learning noisy parities of k variables. We give essentially optimal hardness results for agnostic learning of monomials over $\{0,1\}^n$ and halfspaces over $\mathbb{Q}^n$. We show that for any constant $\epsilon$ finding a monomial (halfspace) that agrees with an unknown function on $1/2+\epsilon$ fraction of the examples is NP-hard even when there exists a monomial (halfspace) that agrees with the unknown function on $1-\epsilon$ fraction of the examples. This resolves an open question due to Blum and significantly improves on a number of previous hardness results for these problems. We extend these results to $\epsilon=2^{-\log^{1-\lambda}n}$ ($\epsilon=2^{-\sqrt{\log n}}$ in the case of halfspaces) for any constant $\lambda>0$ under stronger complexity assumptions.
Coulomb Forces and Doping in Organic Semiconductors (2004)

A heuristic approach to describing excitonic processes, doping, and transport is developed for all organic semiconductors but with an emphasis on crystalline molecular semiconductors. A simple equation is proposed that semiquantitatively defines “excitonic” semiconductors, XSCs, a classification that includes most organic semiconductors and some inorganic materials. The same electrostatic and spatial factors that cause exciton formation upon light absorption in XSCs, as opposed to the formation of free electron−hole pairs, also control the doping process and carrier transport. Doping studies of XSCs are reviewed with an emphasis on the more recent, quantitative investigations. One conclusion is that most added charge carriers in doped XSCs are not free but rather are electrostatically bound to their conjugate dopant counterions. A superlinear increase in conductivity with doping density is thus expected to be, and apparently is, a universal attribute of XSCs. The interactions between the crystal structure, its dielectric properties, and the doping efficiency are probed via two substitutional dopant molecules in two different crystalline host lattices. An analogy is drawn between purposely doped XSCs and adventitiously doped XSCs such as π-conjugated polymers: in both cases the number of free carriers is a small, and field-dependent, fraction of the total carrier density. The Poole-Frenkel mechanism accounts naturally for the expected interactions between carriers bound in a Coulomb well and an applied electric field. Together with a field-dependent mobility, this mechanism is expected to semiquantitatively describe the conductivity in doped XSCs.
Observations on the formation and etching of platinum silicide (1974)

When thin-film platinum and single-crystal silicon are interdiffused, [inverted lazy s] 100 Å of SiO2 is found at the PtSi surface. The silica protects the silicide from attack by the aqua regia commonly used to remove unreacted Pt. If the silica is stripped, PtSi on Si will dissolve in aqua regia even faster than Pt. These findings are applicable to contact technology for silicon devices and integrated circuits.
A Comparison of Lightning Electromagnetic Fields with the Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse in the Frequency Range 104-107 Hz (1982)

The electromagnetic fields produced by both direct lightning strikes and nearby lightning are compared with the nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) from an exoatmospheric burst. Model calculations indicate that, in the frequency range from 104 to near 107 Hz, the Fourier amplitude spectra of the return stroke magnetic fields near ground 1 m from an average lightning strike will exceed that of the NEMP. Nearby first return strokes at a range of about 50 m, if they are severe, produce electric-field spectra near ground which exceed that of the NEMP below about 106 Hz, while the spectra of average nearby first return strokes exceed that of the NEMP below about 3 x 105 Hz. Implications of these results for aircraft in flight are discussed.
Transfer of tolerance to heart and kidney allografts in the rat model (2008)

Long-term allograft acceptance can be induced in the rat using a variety of maneuvers. One of the cardinal features of some models of tolerance is that once the tolerance state has been established, it can be perpetuated to naive recipients by the adoptive transfer of donor-specific regulatory cells. Such adoptive transfer studies have also addressed the capacity of T-cell subpopulations and non-T cells to transfer tolerance. However, tolerance cannot be transferred in all models. The underlying reasons for this are unclear with some studies pointing towards dose-dependent aspects and timing of expansion of T regulatory cells following tolerance transfer. Further exploration of this phenomenon will help us to understand better the mechanisms upon which allograft tolerance is based, and will provide new perspectives for further experimental studies.
The malignant histiocytosis sarcoma virus, a recombinant of Harvey murine sarcoma virus and Friend mink cell focus-forming virus, has acquired myeloid transformation specificity by alterations in the long terminal repeat (1990)

The malignant histiocytosis sarcoma virus (MHSV), in contrast to other viruses with the ras oncogene, induces acute histiocytosis in newborn and adult mice. Molecular structure and function studies were initiated to determine the basis of its unique macrophage-transforming potential. Characterization of the genomic structure showed that the virus evolved by recombination of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) and a virus of the Friend-mink cell focus-forming virus family. Structural analysis of MHSV showed two regions of the genome that are basically different from the Ha-MuSV: (i) the ras gene, which is altered by a point mutation in codon 181 leading to a Cys----Ser substitution of the p21 protein, and (ii) the U3 region of the long terminal repeat, which is largely derived from F-MCFV and contains a deletion of one direct repeat as well as a duplication of an altered enhancer-like region. Biological studies of Ha-MuSV, MHSV, and recombinants between the two viruses show that the U3 region of the MHSV long terminal repeat is essential for the malignancy and specificity of the disease. A contributing role of the ras point mutation in determining macrophage specificity, however, cannot be excluded.
FITNESS EFFECTS OF A SELFISH GENE (THE MUS T COMPLEX) ARE REVEALED IN AN ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT (2004)

In wild house mice, genes linked to the t transmission distortion complex cause meiotic drive by sabotaging wild-type gametes. The t complex is consequently inherited at frequencies higher than 90%. Yet, for unclear reasons, in wild mouse populations this selfish DNA is found at frequencies much lower than expected. Here, we examine selection on the t complex in 10 seminatural populations of wild mice based on data from 234 founders and nearly 2000 progeny. Eight of the 10 populations decreased in t frequency over one generation, and the overall frequency of t haplotypes across all 10 populations was 48.5% below expectations based on transmission distortion and 34.3% below Mendelian (or Hardy-Weinberg) expectations. Behavioral and reproductive data were collected for 10 months for each population, and microsatellite genotyping was performed on seven of the populations to determine parentage. These combined data show t-associated fitness declines in both males and females. This is the first study to show evidence for a reduction in the ability of +/t males to maintain territories. Because females tend to mate with dominant males, impairment of territorial success can explain much of the selection against t observed in our populations. In nature, selection against heterozygote carriers of the t complex helps solve the puzzlingly low t frequencies found in wild populations. This ecological approach for determining fitness consequences of genetic variants has broad application for the discovery of gene function in general.
Statistical Characterization of Face Spectral Reflectances and Its Application to Human Portraiture Spectral Estimation (2002)

Spectral reflectances of various parts of human faces from various ethnic races were measured as part of experiments on spectral imaging for human portraits. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to the spectral reflectances from the various races, and a variety of face parts. The first three principal components explain about 99.8% of cumulative contribution of variance of spectral reflectances for each race and each face part, and for all races as well. Color differences of spectral reconstruction either for individual races and all races or for individual face parts based on different sets of principal components were estimated. The results indicate that, when using three basis functions and under D50 illumination, the basis functions based only on spectra of Pacific–Asian subjects will provide the best overall color reproduction. However, from a spectral matching point of view, three basis functions based on all spectra will provide the best spectral reproduction with minimum overall mean value of metameric indices. More analyses were applied to spectral reflectances of human facial skin from different sources and their corresponding spectral reconstruction based on different sets of principal components. Those results provide practical suggestions for imaging, or spectral imaging, system design, especially imaging systems for human portraiture.
Multiple chemical information from the thickness shear mode acoustic wave sensor in the liquid phase (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple chemical information from the thickness shear mode acoustic wave sensor in the liquid phaseMengsu. Yang and Michael. ThompsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 9, 1158–1168Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00057a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00057a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical Properties of Ge<sub>40</sub>Sb<sub>10</sub>Te<sub>50</sub>B<sub>x</sub> (x = 0–2) Films (1999)

Phase-change optical recording media of the base composition Ge 40 Sb 10 Te 50 with or without boron doping (0.3–1.1 at.%) were prepared by rf sputtering on Si(100) substrate at a film thickness 100 nm. Crystalline state was obtained by subsequent annealing at 300°C for 10 min. The structure study of crystallized films showed that lattice parameter of the fcc Ge 40 Sb 10 Te 50 phase increases slightly with B doping. Crystallization temperature increases manifestly with minor B addition (10°C at 0.3 at.% B, and 25°C at 1.1 at.% B). The reflectivity contrast between the crystalline and amorphous states of the undoped Ge 40 Sb 10 Te 50 film ranges from 29% at the wavelength 350 nm to 38% at 800 nm. With an optimal 0.3 at.% B doping, the reflectivity contrast exceeds 40% throughout the whole visible wavelength range. The distinct changes in refractive index and extinction coefficient of the Ge 40 Sb 10 Te 50 B x films due to crystallization is elucidated and found to be advantageous in obtaining high reflectivity contrast.
<i>In Vivo</i> Administration of CD4-Specific Monoclonal Antibody: Effect on Provirus Load in Rhesus Monkeys Chronically Infected with the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus of Macaques (1995)

Since monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for CD4 are potent inhibitors of HIV and SIV replication in vitro, we explored their potential usefulness in vivo as an AIDS therapy. The anti-CD4 MAb 5A8 binds to domain 2 of the CD4 molecule and inhibits virus replication and virus-induced cell fusion at a postvirus binding step. Administration of this MAb to normal rhesus monkeys coats all circulating and lymph node CD4 cells and induces neither CD4 cell clearance nor measurable immunosuppression. In the present study, monkeys chronically infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac) had stable levels of SIVmac provirus in PBMC prior to treatment as measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique. Six infected monkeys treated with anti-CD4 MAb demonstrated a significant decrease in SIVmac provirus level after 9 days. Of these monkeys, 3 had > 800 CD4 cells/microliter and developed strong antimouse Ig responses that prevented further treatment. The remaining 3 monkeys had < 800 CD4 cell/microliter and failed to develop antimouse Ig antibody responses. When treatment was continued for 12-21 days in these monkeys, a sustained or further decrease in SIVmac provirus load occurred over the extended treatment period. Four monkeys that received a control MAb of irrelevant specificity for 9-22 days showed either no significant change or a transient increase in SIVmac provirus. Thus, the passive administration of anti-CD4 MAb may exert a specific antiviral effect in controlling immunodeficiency virus infection in vivo.
A Speech‐to‐Noise Ratio Test with the Bone‐Anchored Hearing Aid: A Comparative Study (1986)

Hitherto, for persons with impaired hearing who cannot use an air conduction hearing aid, the only alternative has been a conventional spring-loaded bone conduction hearing aid. Now, with minor surgery, a titanium screw can be implanted in the bone behind the ear and a coupling, which penetrates the skin, can be attached, giving a new kind of hearing aid--the "bone-anchored hearing aid." Improved quality of sound is one of the patients' subjective assessments. Improvement was not confirmed by a standard speech-discrimination test. With new speech material consisting of sentences in noise, the speech-to-noise ration (SN) has been determined for 24 patients. Patients who previously used a conventional bone conduction hearing aid improved their SN on the average by 3.3 dB. The most important difference between the two aids related to improved SN is probably the increased audibility between 600 and 6000 Hz.