gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of Stretch Activation in Murine Myocardium due to Phosphorylation of Myosin Regulatory Light Chain (2006)

The regulatory light chains (RLCs) of vertebrate muscle myosins bind to the neck region of the heavy chain domain and are thought to play important structural roles in force transmission between the cross-bridge head and thick filament backbone. In vertebrate striated muscles, the RLCs are reversibly phosphorylated by a specific myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and while phosphorylation has been shown to accelerate the kinetics of force development in skeletal muscle, the effects of RLC phosphorylation in cardiac muscle are not well understood. Here, we assessed the effects of RLC phosphorylation on force, and the kinetics of force development in myocardium was isolated in the presence of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) to dephosphorylate RLC, subsequently skinned, and then treated with MLCK to phosphorylate RLC. Since RLC phosphorylation may be an important determinant of stretch activation in myocardium, we recorded the force responses of skinned myocardium to sudden stretches of 1% of muscle length both before and after treatment with MLCK. MLCK increased RLC phosphorylation, increased the Ca(2+) sensitivity of isometric force, reduced the steepness of the force-pCa relationship, and increased both Ca(2+)-activated and Ca(2+)-independent force. Sudden stretch of myocardium during an otherwise isometric contraction resulted in a concomitant increase in force that quickly decayed to a minimum and was followed by a delayed redevelopment of force, i.e., stretch activation, to levels greater than pre-stretch force. MLCK had profound effects on the stretch activation responses during maximal and submaximal activations: the amplitude and rate of force decay after stretch were significantly reduced, and the rate of delayed force recovery was accelerated and its amplitude reduced. These data show that RLC phosphorylation increases force and the rate of cross-bridge recruitment in murine myocardium, which would increase power generation in vivo and thereby enhance systolic function.
Wideband Data on T1 Carrier (1965)

The T1 carrier repeatered line is the Bell System's first high-speed digital transmission facility. Although developed primarily for the transmission of analog information in the form of processed voice frequency signals, its potential use as a short-haul data facility has stimulated considerable interest and study. T1 carrier data terminal designs are described for various general types of applications, and consideration is given to certain problems concerning the transmission of data-type signals over the repeatered lines. The applicability of the present design is developed with relation to the short-haul plant.
Analysis on four legged multipurpose rope climbing robot (2009)

This paper discusses the steady state dynamic behavior of a four legged multipurpose rope climbing robot. The kinematic structure of the robot has been designed to maximize the stability in the rope climbing application while depending on a minimum number of actuators. The paper presents the derivation of kinematics and dynamics of the robot. Detailed simulations carried out based on the dynamics of the robot demonstrate that state trajectories of the center of mass of the robot stays within dynamically stable bounds for bounded control inputs.
Enhanced antitumor activity of erlotinib in combination with the <scp>H</scp>sp90 inhibitor <scp>CH</scp>5164840 against non‐small‐cell lung cancer (2013)

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) can lead to degradation of multiple client proteins, which are involved in tumor progression. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most potent oncogenic client proteins of Hsp90. Targeted inhibition of EGFR has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, primary and acquired resistance to the existing EGFR inhibitors is a major clinical problem. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the novel Hsp90 inhibitor CH5164840 on the antitumor activity of erlotinib. The NSCLC cell lines and xenograft models were treated with CH5164840 and erlotinib to examine their mechanisms of action and cell growth inhibition. We found that CH5164840 showed remarkable antitumor activity against NSCLC cell lines and xenograft models. The addition of CH5164840 enhanced the antitumor activity of erlotinib against NCI-H292 EGFR-overexpressing xenograft models. Phosphorylation of Stat3 increased with erlotinib treatment in NCI-H292 cells, which was abrogated by Hsp90 inhibition. Furthermore, in a NCI-H1975 T790M mutation erlotinib-resistant model, CH5164840 enhanced the antitumor activity of erlotinib despite the low efficacy of erlotinib treatment alone. In addition, ERK signaling was effectively suppressed by combination treatment with erlotinib and CH5164840 in a NCI-H1975 erlotinib-resistant model. Taken together, these data indicate that CH5164840 has potent antitumor activity and is highly effective in combination with erlotinib against NSCLC tumors with EGFR overexpression and mutations. Our results support the therapeutic potential of CH5164840 as a Hsp90 inhibitor for combination therapy with EGFR-targeting agents against EGFR-addicted NSCLC.
<title>History Of Holography</title> (1968)

Holograms existed in the nineteenth century, though they were not so called and were not very exciting or newsworthy. Going back even farther into the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries we find the diffraction of light being studied with keen interest by Grimaldi, Newton, Hooke, Delisle, Young, Fresnel and numerous others. All could have had holograms if they had had photography. All looked at the diffraction patterns but had no method of recording them except by drawings.
Trinocular visual odometry for divergent views with minimal overlap (2013)

We present a visual odometry algorithm for trinocular systems with divergent views and minimal overlap. Whereas the bundle adjustment is the preferred method for multi-view visual odometry problems, it is infeasible if the number of features in the images-such as in HD videos-is large. We propose a divide and conquer approach, which reduces the trinocular visual odometry problem to five monocular visual odometry problems, one for each individual camera sequence and two more using features matched temporally from consecutive images from the center to the left and right cameras, respectively. Unlike the bundle adjustment method, whose computational complexity is O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), the proposed approach allows to match features only between neighboring cameras and can therefore be executed in O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Assuming constant motion of the cameras, temporal tracking therefore allows us to make up for the missing overlap between cameras as objects from the center view eventually appear in the left or right camera. The scale factors that cannot be determined by monocular visual odometry are computed by constructing a system of equations based on known relative camera pose and the five monocular VO estimates. The system is solved using a weighted least squares scheme and remains over-defined even when the camera path follows a straight line. We evaluate the resulting system using synthetic and real video sequences that were recorded for a virtual exercise environment.
Comparison between Kanerva's SDM and Hopfield-type neural networks (1988)

The Sparse, Distributed Memory (SDM) model (Kanerva, 1984) is compared to Hopfield-type, neural-network models. A mathematical framework for comparing the two models is developed, and the capacity of each model is investigated. The capacity of the SDM can be increased independent of the dimension of the stored vectors, whereas the Hopfield capacity is limited to a fraction of this dimension. The stored information is proportional to the number of connections, and it is shown that this proportionality constant is the same for the SDM, the Hopfield model, and higher-order models. The models are also compared in their ability to store and recall temporal sequences of patterns. The SDM also includes time delays so that contextual information can be used to recover sequences. A generalization of the SDM allows storage of correlated patterns.
Effect of thermal annealing on the properties of transparent conductive In–Ga–Zn oxide thin films (2014)

Amorphous In–Ga–Zn oxide (IGZO) thin films were prepared using radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Upon thermal annealing at temperatures even up to 500 °C, the amorphous characteristics were still maintained, but the electronic properties could be considerably enhanced. This could be ascribed to the increased optical band gap and the increased oxygen vacancies, as corroborated by the microstructure characterizations. In addition, the surface became smoother upon thermal annealing, guaranteeing good interface contact between electrode and a-IGZO. The optical transmittance at 400–800 nm exceeded 90% for all samples. All in all, thermal annealing at appropriate temperatures is expected to improve the performances of relevant a-IGZO thin film transistors.
A Monte Carlo Algorithm for Multi-Robot Localization (1999)

Abstract : This paper presents a statistical algorithm for collaborative mobile robot localization. Our approach uses a sample-based version of Markov localization, capable of localizing mobile robots in an any-time fashion. When teams of robots localize themselves in the same environment, probabilistic methods are employed to synchronize each robot's belief whenever one robot detects another. As a result, the robots localize themselves faster, maintain higher accuracy, and high-cost sensors are amortized across multiple robot platforms. The paper also describes experimental results obtained using two mobile robots, using computer vision and laser range finding for detecting each other and estimating each other's relative location. The results, obtained in an indoor office environment, illustrate drastic improvements in localization speed and accuracy when compared to conventional single-robot localization.
8.6 ps/gate chilled Si E/E NMOS integrated circuit (2003)

The authors have designed optimum 1/4- mu m-gate-length NMOSFETs with improved hot-electron immunity. The lithographies used were direct electron-beam and SR (synchrotron radiation) lithography. SR was used for the metallization. The threshold voltage of the NMOSFETs was determined over the whole range of operating temperatures. The fabricated E/E (enhancement mode/enhancement mode) ring oscillators operated well from room temperature down to 4.2 K. The fastest speed of 8.6 ps/gate was achieved at 4.2 K by a 0.2- mu m-gate-length ring oscillator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective Quenching of Large-Scale Molecular Motions by Cross-Linking in the Strained State (1988)

It is shown without the need of a molecular theory of rubber elasticity or any assumption that chain entangling gives a large contribution to the equilibrium modulus. The contribution is equal to the rubber plateau modulus at fairly high degrees of cross-linking. High-vinyl polybutadiene was cross-linked in the strained state. This allows prevention of disentanglement by reptation and similar large scale molecular motions as well as experimental separation of the elastic contributions from cross-links and chain entangling. It is also argued that the molecular motions at the entrance to the rubber plateau must be local motions which involve chain segments smaller than the molecular weight between cross-links, only.
The synthesis and radiolabeling of 2-nitroimidazole derivatives of cyclam and their preclinical evaluation as positive markers of tumor hypoxia. (2002)

These data suggest that some azomycin-cyclams exhibit good hypoxia-marking potential to tumor cells in vitro and to animal tumors of known RHF. Both PET and SPECT could be used to image tumor hypoxia with markers labeled with (64)Cu and (67)Cu, respectively.
Mechanism of Mesoporous Silica Formation. A Time-Resolved NMR and TEM Study of Silica−Block Copolymer Aggregation (2003)

The dynamics of the synthesis of a mesoporous silica material SBA-15 is followed using time-resolved in situ 1H NMR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Block copolymer-silica particles of two-dimensional hexagonal symmetry evolve from an initially micellar solution. The synthesis was carried out with the block copolymer Pluronic P123 (EO20-PO70-EO20) at 35 degrees C and using tetramethyl orthosilicate as the silica precursor. By using TEM, we can image different stages during the evolution of the synthesis. Flocs of spherical micelles held together by the polymerizing silica are observed prior to precipitation. With time, the structure of these flocs evolves and the transition from spherical to cylindrical hexagonally packed micelles can be monitored. The signal from the methyl protons of the PO part was recorded with 1H NMR. One observes a continuous increase in the signal width but with distinct changes in the spectral characteristics occurring in narrow time intervals. The spectral changes can be attributed to structural changes of the self-assembled aggregates. The 1H NMR and TEM studies reveal the same mechanism of formation. It is concluded that the aggregation is caused by a micelle-micelle attraction induced by oligomeric/polymeric silica that adsorbs to the EO palisade layer of the micelles and has the ability to bridge to another micelle. This adsorption also favors the formation of cylindrical aggregates relative to spherical micelles. The sequence of NMR and TEM observations can then be interpreted as the following sequence of events: (i) silicate adsorption on globular micelles possibly accompanied with some aggregate growth, (ii) the association of these globular micelles into flocs, (iii) the precipitation of these flocs, and (iv) micelle-micelle coalescence generating (semi)infinite cylinders that form the two-dimensional hexagonal packing.
Virologic Versus Cytologic Triage of Women With Equivocal Pap Smears: A Meta-analysis of the Accuracy To Detect High-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2004)

The published literature indicates that the Hybrid Capture II assay has improved accuracy (higher sensitivity, similar specificity) than the repeat Pap smear using the threshold of ASCUS for an outcome of CIN2+ among women with equivocal cytologic results. The sensitivity of triage at higher cytologic cutoffs is poor.
A Miniaturized Dual-Band Base Station Array Antenna Using Band Notch Dipole Antenna Elements and AMC Reflectors (2018)

A novel miniaturized dual-band dipole array antenna consisting of two parallel $1 \times 4$ subarrays for use in base stations operating in the digital cellular system (DCS) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) bands is presented. Size miniaturization is realized by utilizing band notch dipoles (BNDs) as array elements and artificial magnetic conductors as reflectors for reductions in width and profile height of the array antenna, respectively. Using the BNDs of high radiation suppression at desired notch frequencies, the radiation from DCS subarray is suppressed in the WCDMA band and vice versa. High isolation between the subarrays, therefore, is achieved while reducing the subarray separation. In addition, a dual four-way unequal power divider is designed for beam pattern synthesis. The measured results show that realized gains of 12.1-12.6 and 12.4-13.1 dBi, respectively, within the DCS and WCDMA bands, as well as the first null depth and sidelobe level, respectively, of lower than -20 and -16 dB, are achieved simultaneously, indicating that the proposed array antenna is suitable for potential base station applications.
Providing Public Health Services through an Integrated Delivery System (1997)

This article examines a recently implemented strategy to transfer responsibility for local public health service delivery from a county health department to a hospital-based integrated delivery system. Innovative quality management efforts at both local and state levels offer opportunities for sustained improvement in the availability and adequacy of public health services under this arrangement.
Node Embedding over Temporal Graphs (2019)

In this work, we present a method for node embedding in temporal graphs. We propose an algorithm that learns the evolution of a temporal graph's nodes and edges over time and incorporates this dynamics in a temporal node embedding framework for different graph prediction tasks. We present a joint loss function that creates a temporal embedding of a node by learning to combine its historical temporal embeddings, such that it optimizes per given task (e.g., link prediction). The algorithm is initialized using static node embeddings, which are then aligned over the representations of a node at different time points, and eventually adapted for the given task in a joint optimization. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach over a variety of temporal graphs for the two fundamental tasks of temporal link prediction and multi-label node classification, comparing to competitive baselines and algorithmic alternatives. Our algorithm shows performance improvements across many of the datasets and baselines and is found particularly effective for graphs that are less cohesive, with a lower clustering coefficient.
An Analytical Study of English and Hindi Language Textbooks of Class-IX U. P. Board In Perspective of Life Skills (2014)

Adolescents are considered as the most productive members of the society, due to their physical and intellectual capacity but, unfortunately, most of the adolescents are unable to recognize and utilize their potentials in an appropriate way due to the lack of guidance, training and motivation. Today societies are rapidly becoming more diversified both demographically and politically so our adolescents face multifaceted challenges. The societal demands imply for the key skills that young people need to acquire and they are -the quality of civic life, social cohesion and the proper inculcation of life skills, values and good thinking through an educational system.
Application of a complete workflow for 2D elastic full-waveform inversion to recorded shallow-seismic Rayleigh waves (2017)

The S-wave velocity of the shallow subsurface can be inferred from shallow-seismic Rayleigh waves. Traditionally, the dispersion curves of the Rayleigh waves are inverted to obtain the (local) S-wave velocity as a function of depth. Two-dimensional elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to also infer lateral variations. We have developed a novel workflow for the application of 2D elastic FWI to recorded surface waves. During the preprocessing, we apply a line-source simulation (spreading correction) and perform an a priori estimation of the attenuation of waves. The iterative multiscale 2D elastic FWI workflow consists of the preconditioning of the gradients in the vicinity of the sources and a source-wavelet correction. The misfit is defined by the least-squares norm of normalized wavefields. We apply our workflow to a field data set that has been acquired on a predominantly depth-dependent velocity structure, and we compare the reconstructed S-wave velocity model with the result obtained by a 1D inversion based on wavefield spectra (Fourier-Bessel expansion coefficients). The 2D S-wave velocity model obtained by FWI shows an overall depth dependency that agrees well with the 1D inversion result. Both models can explain the main characteristics of the recorded seismograms. The small lateral variations in S-wave velocity introduced by FWI additionally explain the lateral changes of the recorded Rayleigh waves. The comparison thus verifies the applicability of our 2D FWI workflow and confirms the potential of FWI to reconstruct shallow small-scale lateral changes of S-wave velocity.
Impurity effects on chiral one-dimensional electron systems (1994)

We studied low-energy effects of impurities in several chiral one-dimensional (1D) electron systems that contain only excitations moving in one direction. We first considered single-impurity scattering between two branches of 1D chiral Luttinger liquids. The general form of the impurity-scattering matrix was found which, sometimes, allows the chemical potentials on the outgoing branches to be higher (or lower) than the maximum (or minimum) chemical potentials on the incoming branches. We also studied the effects of many impurities (with finite density) on two branches of 1D chiral Fermi liquids (that appear on the edge of the \ensuremath{\nu}=2 integral quantum Hall liquid). We found that the impurities drive the system to a fix point at low energies which has an SU(2) symmetry even when the two branches originally have different velocities. [Note that a clean system is SU(2) symmetric only when the two branches have the same velocity.] The probability distribution and correlation of scattering matrices at different energies are described by universal functions which are calculated exactly for this fixed point.
Interruptable Autonomy: Towards Dialog-Based Robot Task Management (2013)

We have been successfully deploying mobile service robots in an office building to execute user-requested tasks, such as delivering messages, transporting items, escorting people, and enabling telepresence. Users submit task requests to a dedicated website which forms a schedule of tasks for the robots to execute. The robots autonomously navigate in the building to complete their tasks. However, upon observing the many successful task executions, we realized that the robots are too autonomous in their determination to execute a planned task, with no mechanism to interrupt or redirect the robot through local interaction. In this work, we analyze the challenges of this goal of interruption, and contribute an approach to interrupt the robot anywhere during its execution through spoken dialog. Tasks can then be modified or new tasks can be added through speech, allowing users to manage the robot’s schedule. We discuss the response of the robot to human interruptions. We also introduce a finite state machine based on spoken dialog to handle the conversations that might occur during task execution. The goal is for the robot to fulfill humans’ requests as much as possible while minimizing the impact to the ongoing and pending tasks. We present examples of our task interruption scheme executing on robots to demonstrate its effectiveness.