gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis, reduction and avoidance of crosstalk on VLSI chips (1998)

As chip size and design density increase, coupling effects (crosstalk) between signal wires become increasingly critical to on-chip timing and even functionality. A method is presented to analyze crosstalk while taking into account timing relationship and timing criticality between coupling wires. The method is based upon the geometrical layout of the wires (adjacency), the signal slopes on the wires (circuit driving capability) and timing considerations.
All-Optical Reversible Logic Gates with Optically Controlled Bacteriorhodopsin Protein-Coated Microresonators (2011)

We present designs of all-optical reversible gates, namely, Feynman, Toffoli, Peres, and Feynman double gates, with optically controlled microresonators. To demonstrate the applicability, a bacteriorhodopsin protein-coated silica microcavity in contact between two tapered single-mode fibers has been used as an all-optical switch. Low-power control signals (<200 μW) at 532 nm and at 405 nm control the conformational states of the protein to switch a near infrared signal laser beam at 1310 or 1550 nm. This configuration has been used as a template to design four-port tunable resonant coupler logic gates. The proposed designs are general and can be implemented in both fiber-optic and integrated-optic formats and with any other coated photosensitive material. Advantages of directed logic, high Q -factor, tunability, compactness, low-power control signals, high fan-out, and flexibility of cascading switches in 2D/3D architectures to form circuits make the designs promising for practical applications.
An Experimental−Theoretical Study of the Factors That Affect the Switch between Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Amide Formation versus Amine Alkylation (2010)

A ruthenium(II) diamine complex can catalyze the intramolecular cyclization of amino alcohols H2N(CH2)nOH via two pathways: (i) one yields the cyclic secondary amine by a redox-neutral hydrogen-borrowing route with loss of water; and (ii) the second gives the corresponding cyclic amide by a net oxidation involving loss of H2. The reaction is most efficient in cases where the product has a six-membered ring. The amide and amine pathways are closely related: DFT calculations show that both amine and amide formations start with the oxidation of the amino alcohol, 5-amino-1-pentanol, to the corresponding amino aldehyde, accompanied by reduction of the catalyst. The intramolecular condensation of the amino aldehyde takes place either in the coordination sphere of the metal (path I) or after dissociation from the metal (path II). Path I yields the Ru-bound zwitterionic form of the hemiaminal protonated at nitrogen, which eliminates H2, forming the amide product. In path II, the free hemiaminal dehydrates, giving an imine, which yields the amine product by hydrogenation with the reduced form of the catalyst generated in the initial amino alcohol oxidation. For amide to be formed, the hemiaminal must remain metal-bound in the key intermediate and the elimination of H2 must occur from the same intermediate to provide a vacant site for β-elimination. The elimination of H2 is affected by an intramolecular H-bond in the key intermediate. For amine to be formed, the hemiaminal must be liberated for dehydration to imine and the H2 must be retained on the metal for reduction of the imine intermediate.
Tire Models for Use in Braking Applications (2003)

Continuous availability of ABHR at POC, supported by implementation strategy, significantly increased HH compliance and ABHR use. Learning from this study could be used to implement ABHR at POC in other facilities.
Recognition of Emotion from Facial Expressions with Direct or Averted Eye Gaze and Varying Expression Intensities in Children with Autism Disorder and Typically Developing Children (2014)

Eye gaze direction and expression intensity effects on emotion recognition in children with autism disorder and typically developing children were investigated. Children with autism disorder and typically developing children identified happy and angry expressions equally well. Children with autism disorder, however, were less accurate in identifying fear expressions across intensities and eye gaze directions. Children with autism disorder rated expressions with direct eyes, and 50% expressions, as more intense than typically developing children. A trend was also found for sad expressions, as children with autism disorder were less accurate in recognizing sadness at 100% intensity with direct eyes than typically developing children. Although the present research showed that children with autism disorder are sensitive to eye gaze direction, impairments in the recognition of fear, and possibly sadness, exist. Furthermore, children with autism disorder and typically developing children perceive the intensity of emotional expressions differently.
Tunable subpicosecond dye laser amplified at 1 kHz by a cavity-dumped, Q-switched, and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser (1989)

Tunable subpicosecond pulses are generated by synchronously pumping a dye laser with the pulse-compressed and frequency-doubled output of an acousto-optically mode-locked cw Nd:YAG laser. The pulses are amplified at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, using the frequency-doubled output of a cavity-dumped, acousto-optically mode-locked, Q-switched, cw pumped Nd:YAG laser. Amplified transform-limited pulses of 150–300 fsec have been obtained in the wavelength range of 560–680 nm (R6G and DCM dyes) with a maximum energy of 50 μJ. Since there is no intracavity prism compensation and no recompression stage after the amplifier, the system is tuned easily with a single-plate birefringent filter; only cavity-length adjustment is required. An electronic control system eliminates amplitude fluctuations caused by timing jitter between the 70-psec amplifying pulses and the dye pulses.
Overexpression of Rad Inhibits Glucose Uptake in Cultured Muscle and Fat Cells (1996)

Rad is a Ras-like GTPase that was isolated by subtraction cloning of human muscle and shown to have increased expression in some individuals with Type II diabetes. To ascertain the potential role of Rad in insulin-mediated signaling, we have overexpressed Rad in myocyte and adipocyte cell lines. Expression of Rad resulted in a 50-90% reduction in insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose glucose uptake in C2C12 murine myotubes, L6 rat myotubes, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a 25% reduction in 3-O-methylglucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This occurred despite unaltered levels of glucose transporter expression, with no detectable change in Glut4 translocation and with no alteration in insulin receptor or substrate phosphorylation or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. These data indicate that Rad is a negative regulator of glucose uptake and that this effect may be due to a decrease in the intrinsic activity of the transporter molecules, rather than an effect on the translocation of Glut4. Rad is a Ras-like GTPase that was isolated by subtraction cloning of human muscle and shown to have increased expression in some individuals with Type II diabetes. To ascertain the potential role of Rad in insulin-mediated signaling, we have overexpressed Rad in myocyte and adipocyte cell lines. Expression of Rad resulted in a 50-90% reduction in insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose glucose uptake in C2C12 murine myotubes, L6 rat myotubes, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a 25% reduction in 3-O-methylglucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This occurred despite unaltered levels of glucose transporter expression, with no detectable change in Glut4 translocation and with no alteration in insulin receptor or substrate phosphorylation or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. These data indicate that Rad is a negative regulator of glucose uptake and that this effect may be due to a decrease in the intrinsic activity of the transporter molecules, rather than an effect on the translocation of Glut4.
Huffman coding analysis of XOR filtered images (2015)

The field of lossless image compression studies the various ways to represent image data in the most compact and efficient manner possible that also allows the image to be reproduced without any loss. There are many ways that this is accomplished and the most efficient strategy is to leverage the fundamental concepts of entropy reduction through decorrelation. The application of decorrelation methodologies prior to entropy coding is a modeling-coding strategy that produces significant results. This study focuses on the usage of the exclusive-or logic operator as a decorrelation filter. The exclusive-or logic operator is simply and reversibly applied to continuous-tone images for the purpose of extracting differences between neighboring pixels. The results of the exclusive-or operator based decorrelation filter are then processed through entropy encoding using Huffman coding. Experiments indicate that the exclusive-or operator based decorrelation filter has a significant impact on reducing entropy and therefore compression results.
MOLECULAR GENETIC ASPECTS OF HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS (1995)

This review focuses on mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which are an important cause of mitochondrial disorders in humans and are also associated with common neurodegenerative disorders and aging. The high copy number of mtDNA and its maternal transmission make the inheritance of mtDNA mutations fundamentally different from the Mendelian inheritance of nuclear DNA mutations. There is often a mixture of wild-type and mutated mtDNAs (heteroplasmy), and heterogeneity in the distribution of mutated mtDNAs is one plausible explanation for the widely varying phenotypes in patients with mitochondrial disorders. The application of molecular genetics has led to significant progress in the studies of human mitochondrial disorders in the past decade. Future studies including the development of animal models are needed to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial disorders to enable, in turn, the development of novel therapies and genetic rescue strategies for the treatment of human disease.
Overexpression of the soybean GmERF3 gene, an AP2/ERF type transcription factor for increased tolerances to salt, drought, and diseases in transgenic tobacco (2009)

A new member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, GmERF3, was isolated from soybean. Sequence analysis showed that GmERF3 contained an AP2/ERF domain of 58 amino acids and two putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) domains. It belonged to a group IV protein in the ERF (ethylene response factor) subfamily as typified by a conserved N-terminal motif [MCGGAI(I/L)]. Expression of GmERF3 was induced by treatments with high salinity, drought, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and soybean mosaic virus (SMV), whereas there was no significant GmERF3 mRNA accumulation under cold stress treatment. GmERF3 could bind to the GCC box and DRE/CRT element, and was targeted to the nucleus when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. The GmERF3 protein fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain to activate transcription of reporter genes in yeast. Ectopic expression of the GmERF3 gene in transgenic tobacco plants induced the expression of some PR genes and enhanced resistance against infection by Ralstonia solanacearum, Alternaria alternata, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and gave tolerance to high salinity and dehydration stresses. Furthermore, overexpression of GmERF3 in transgenic tobacco led to higher levels of free proline and soluble carbohydrates compared to wild-type plants under drought conditions. The overall results suggested that GmERF3 as an AP2/ERF transcription factor may play dual roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
Cytotoxic Activity of Immunotoxin SS1P Is Modulated by TACE-Dependent Mesothelin Shedding (2011)

Mesothelin is a cell-surface tumor-associated antigen expressed in several human cancers. The limited expression of mesothelin on normal tissues and its high expression in many cancers make it an attractive candidate for targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies, immunoconjugates, and immunotoxins. Mesothelin is actively shed from the cell surface and is present in the serum of patients with malignant mesothelioma, which could negatively affect the response to these therapies. We have found that mesothelin sheddase activity is mediated by a TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), a member of the matrix metalloproteinase/a disintegrin and metalloprotease family. We showed that EGF and TIMP-3 act through TACE as endogenous regulators of mesothelin shedding. We also found that reducing shedding significantly improved the in vitro cytotoxicity of immunotoxin SS1P, which targets mesothelin and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with mesothelioma and lung cancer. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of mesothelin shedding and could help improve mesothelin-based targeted therapies.
Measurement of dimeric inhibin B throughout the human menstrual cycle. (1996)

This report describes the development of a specific and sensitive assay for inhibin B and its application to the measurement of inhibin B concentrations in plasma during the human menstrual cycle. A monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide from the betaB-subunit was combined with an antibody to an inhibin alpha-subunit sequence in a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format. The validated assay had a limit of detection of 10 pg/mL and 0.5% cross-reactivity with inhibin A. Using this immunoassay, we found that the plasma concentration of inhibin B rose rapidly in the early follicular phase to a peak of 85.2 +/- 9.6 pg/mL on the day after the intercycle FSH rise, then fell progressively during the remainder of the follicular phase. Two days after the midcycle LH peak, there was a short lived peak in the inhibin B concentration (133.6 +/- 31.2 pg/mL), which then fell to a low concentration (<20 pg/mL) for the remainder of the luteal phase. In contrast, the inhibin A concentration was low in the early follicular phase, rose at ovulation, and was maximal during the midluteal phase. The concentration of inhibin B in individual follicular fluid samples was 20- to 200-fold higher than the concentration of inhibin A and was highest in follicular fluid samples from the early follicular phase. Inhibin B appears to be the predominant form of inhibin in the preovulatory follicle. The different patterns of circulating inhibin B and inhibin A concentrations observed during the human menstrual cycle suggest that these forms may have different physiological roles.
A comprehensive framework for rendering layered materials (2014)

We present a general and practical method for computing BSDFs of layered materials. Its ingredients are transport-theoretical models of isotropic or anisotropic scattering layers and smooth or rough boundaries of conductors and dielectrics. Following expansion into a directional basis that supports arbitrary composition, we are able to efficiently and accurately synthesize BSDFs for a great variety of layered structures. Reflectance models created by our system correctly account for multiple scattering within and between layers, and in the context of a rendering system they are efficient to evaluate and support texturing and exact importance sampling. Although our approach essentially involves tabulating reflectance functions in a Fourier basis, the generated models are compact to store due to the inherent sparsity of our representation, and are accurate even for narrowly peaked functions. While methods for rendering general layered surfaces have been investigated in the past, ours is the first system that supports arbitrary layer structures while remaining both efficient and accurate. We validate our model by comparing to measurements of real-world examples of layered materials, and we demonstrate an interactive visual design tool that enables easy exploration of the space of layered materials. We provide a fully practical, high-performance implementation in an open-source rendering system.
[Familial occurrence of cardiac myxomas]. (1985)

A report is given on the occurrence of left atrial myxoma in both mother and daughter. A successful operation for a local recurrence was performed on the mother 4 years later. Sudden death of unknown cause occurred at young age in other siblings and was accompanied in one by arterial embolism, suggesting an even higher incidence. The potential accumulation of cardiac myxomas in a family was confirmed by a literature survey of 8 "myxoma families". Observation of these cases calls for the following Careful surgical excision because of the danger of a local recurrence. Echocardiographic follow-up for at least 5 years. Investigation of relatives.
Fish-Eye Lenses-Based Camera Calibration and Panoramic Image Stitching (2018)

Fish-eye lenses are common in several computer vision applications, such as four-camera surround view driver assistance, where a very wide angle (e.g., 180 degrees) of view is available. Nevertheless, their applicability is usually limited by the lack of an accurate and easy-to-use calibration procedure. In this paper, we present a camera calibration method for fish-eye lenses and a panoramic image stitching framework for calibrated surround images. To achieve the calibration of fish-eye captured images, it only requires to observe a reference planar pattern (e.g., chessboard), followed by offline estimating extrinsic and intrinsic parameters and save the related parameters. Each fish-eye distorted image can then be efficiently online corrected. Then, each calibrated image is transformed to its top-down view (or bird's-eye view) via the perspective transformation based on the estimated homography matrix. As a result, these surround bird'seye view images can be stitched to generate the final panoramic image. It is expected that the proposed framework would be applicable to AVM (around view monitoring) system or ADAS (advanced driver assistance system) of vehicles in the future.
Mistake bounds and logarithmic linear-threshold learning algorithms (1990)

We consider a problem of learning from examples. In each of a sequence of trials the learner observes an instance to be classified and must respond with a prediction of its correct classification. Following the prediction the learner is told the correct response. We consider the two category case, and work for the most part with instances composed of a number of Boolean attributes or, more generally, chosen from (0, 1) $\sp{n}$. Initially, we assume that the correct response in each trial is a function of the corresponding instance, this target function being chosen from some target class of $\{0,1\}$-valued functions. We relax this assumption somewhat later.
We focus on evaluation of on-line predictive performance, counting the number of mistakes made by the learner during the learning process. For certain target classes we have found algorithms for which we can prove excellent mistake bounds, using no probabilistic assumptions. In the first part of the dissertation we study the properties of such worst-case mistake bounds.
In the central part of this dissertation, we present a group of linear-threshold algorithms that are particularly well suited to circumstances in which most of the attributes of the instances are irrelevant to determining the correct predictions. For target classes that can be handled by these algorithms, we show that the worst-case mistake bounds grow only logarithmically with the number of irrelevant attributes. We demonstrate that these algorithms have some measure of robustness in the face of anomalies in the training data caused, for example, by noise.
We also consider the implications of on-line, worst-case mistake bounds for learning in a batch setting with probabilistic assumptions, making use of the probabilistic PAC-learning model introduced by Valiant (Va184). We present an analysis that shows that a straightforward transformation applied to mistake bounded algorithms, consisting of adding a hypothesis testing phase, produces algorithms that have asymptotically optimal PAC-learning bounds for certain target classes.
<i>HNF3</i>β and <i>Lim1</i> interact in the visceral endoderm to regulate primitive streak formation and anterior-posterior polarity in the mouse embryo (1999)

Recent embryological and genetic experiments have suggested that the anterior visceral endoderm and the anterior primitive streak of the early mouse gastrula function as head- and trunk-organising centers, respectively. Here, we report that HNF3beta and Lim1 are coexpressed in both organising centers suggesting synergistic roles of these genes in regulating organiser functions and hence axis development in the mouse embryo. To investigate this possibility, we generated compound HNF3beta and Lim1 mutant embryos. An enlarged primitive streak and a lack of axis formation were observed in HNF3beta (-)(/)(-);Lim1(-)(/)(-), but not in single homozygous mutant embryos. Chimera experiments indicate that the primary defect in these double homozygous mutants is due to loss of activity of HNF3beta and Lim1 in the visceral endoderm. Altogether, these data provide evidence that these genes function synergistically to regulate organiser activity of the anterior visceral endoderm. Moreover, HNF3beta (-)(/)(-);Lim1(-)(/)(-) mutant embryos also exhibit defects in mesoderm patterning that are likely due to lack of specification of anterior primitive streak cells.
Characterization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies to HIV-1 Induced by Synthetic Peptides (1988)

We have used short synthetic peptides, 12 and 13 amino acids in length, conjugated to carrier proteins to develop monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the envelope glycoprotein of 120 (kD) (gp120) and the 3' open reading frame protein (3-orf) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The peptides employed were chosen because of their strong hydrophilicity and in the case of the gp120 peptide because it represents a highly conserved hydrophilic region in the envelope protein. The MAb developed displayed appropriate specificities with their respective peptides and reacted with appropriate HIV-1 components (i.e., a 120 kD glycoprotein and a 27 kD protein, respectively) as determined by Western blot analysis. In indirect immunofluorescence assays the MAb strongly stained syncytia present in cultures of HTLV-3B-infected H9 cells. The MAb to the envelope component reacted with the RF isolate of HIV-1, as well as with the 3B isolate in immunofluorescence.
Composite-based conflict resolution in merging versions of UML models (2016)

Model-driven engineering is now playing an essential role in software development. Adequate model versioning systems are critical to enable efficient team-based development of models. The state-of-art model versioning systems are able to detect and help resolving basic conflicts which arise during the merging of different model versions. However, conflict resolution is typically conducted at the primitive operation level in operation-based system and user interaction is required to choose from the conflicting operations. In this study, we present an approach to resolve conflicts automatically at composite level in model versioning systems for Unified Modeling Language (UML). This approach has two main stages. During the merging stage, a temporary merged model is generated, which represent the central intention of model developers. And during the conflict resolution stage, our approach automatically finds and presents to the model developers all solutions for resolving all inconsistencies in the merged model. The approach was empirically evaluated on a range of test models and proved to be scalable to models of large size.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein elevations relate to neuroimaging abnormalities after mild TBI (2018)

Class I evidence that blood concentrations of GFAP, tau, and NFL discriminate patients with mTBI with and without neuroimaging findings.