gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report on Alternative Devices to Pyrotechnics on Spacecraft (2025)

Pyrotechnics accomplish many functions on today's spacecraft, possessing minimum volume/weight, providing instantaneous operation on demand, and requiring little input energy. However, functional shock, safety, and overall system cost issues, combined with emergence and availability of new technologies question their continued use on space missions. Upon request from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Program Management Council (PMC) , Langley Research Center (LaRC) conducted a survey to identify and evaluate state-of-the-art nonexplosively actuated (NEA) alternatives to pyrotechnics, identify NEA devices planned for NASA use, and investigate potential interagency cooperative efforts. In this study, over 135 organizations were contacted, including NASA field centers, Department of Defense (DOD) and other government laboratories, universities, and American and European industrial sources resulting in further detailed discussions with over half, and 18 face-to-face briefings. Unlike their single use pyrotechnic predecessors, NEA mechanisms are typically reusable or refurbishable, allowing flight of actual tested units. NEAs surveyed include spool-based devices, thermal knife, Fast Acting Shockless Separation Nut (FASSN), paraffin actuators, and shape memory alloy (SMA) devices (e.g., Frangibolt). The electro-mechanical spool, paraffin actuator and thermal knife are mature, flight proven technologies, while SMA devices have a limited flight history. There is a relationship between shock, input energy requirements, and mechanism functioning rate. Some devices (e.g., Frangibolt and spool based mechanisms) produce significant levels of functional shock. Paraffin, thermal knife, and SMA devices can provide gentle, shock-free release but cannot perform critically timed, simultaneous functions. The FASSN flywheel-nut release device possesses significant potential for reducing functional shock while activating nearly instantaneously. Specific study recommendations include: (1) development of NEA standards, specifically in areas of material characterization, functioning rates, and test methods; (2) a systems level approach to assure successful NEA technology application; and (3) further investigations into user needs, along with industry/government system-level real spacecraft cost benefit trade studies to determine NEA application foci and performance requirements. Additional survey observations reveal an industry and government desire to establish partnerships to investigate remaining unknowns and formulate NEA standards, specifically those driven by SMAs. Finally, there is increased interest and need to investigate alternative devices for such functions as stage/shroud separation and high pressure valving. This paper summarizes results of the NASA-LaRC survey of pyrotechnic alternatives. State of-the-art devices with their associated weight and cost savings are presented. Additionally, a comparison of functional shock characteristics of several devices are shown, and potentially related technology developments are highlighted.
Haemodynamic and Metabolic Effects of Infused Adenosine in Man (1990)

1. Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of intravenous infusion of adenosine, an endogenous vasodilator, were studied in healthy humans. 2. Catheters were inserted into pulmonary and brachial arteries and into the hepatic and subclavian veins. Cardiac output was determined according to the Fick principle, and splanchnic blood flow was measured by using extraction of Indocyanine Green. Skin blood flow was estimated by a laser Doppler technique, calf blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography and skeletal muscle and adipose tissue blood flow by a local isotope clearance technique. 3. Adenosine (infused in steps from 40 to 80 micrograms min-1 kg-1 into a central vein) elicited a gradual reduction in the peripheral vascular resistance to less than 50% of the basal level. There was a slight increase in the systemic blood pressure, but the pulmonary arterial and the ventricular filling pressures were unchanged. Cardiac output was doubled, accomplished by a combination of a positive chronotropic effect and an increase in stroke volume, which may be secondary to diminished peripheral resistance. 4. Skin blood flow increased by 100% at 50 micrograms of adenosine min-1 kg-1, whereas splanchnic blood flow rose significantly at 60 micrograms of adenosine min-1 kg-1. Blood flow in the calf, gastrocnemius muscle and adipose tissue did not change significantly. 5. Arterial concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline increased by 62 and 43%, respectively, during infusion of adenosine. Arterial levels of glycerol were depressed by more than 50%, but those of glucose and pyruvate were unchanged. 6. In conclusion, exogenous adenosine caused a marked systemic vasodilatation, with different responsiveness in the investigated vascular beds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oxygen‐enhanced MRI of the brain (2002)

Abstract Blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast MRI is a potential method for a physiological characterization of tissue beyond mere morphological representation. The purpose of this study was to develop evaluation techniques for such examinations using a hyperoxia challenge. Administration of pure oxygen was applied to test these techniques, as pure oxygen can be expected to induce relatively small signal intensity (SI) changes compared to CO 2 ‐containing gases and thus requires very sensitive evaluation methods. Fourteen volunteers were investigated by alternating between breathing 100% O 2 and normal air, using two different paradigms of administration. Changes ranged from >30% in large veins to 1.71% ± 0.14% in basal ganglia and 0.82% ± 0.08% in white matter. To account for a slow physiological response function, a reference for correlation analysis was derived from the venous reaction. An objective method is presented that allows the adaptation of the significance threshold to the complexity of the paradigm used. Reference signal characteristics in representative brain tissue regions were established. As the presented evaluation scheme proved its applicability to small SI changes induced by pure oxygen, it can readily be used for similar experiments with other gases. Magn Reson Med 48:271–277, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Random graphic user password authentication scheme in mobile devices (2017)

Smart mobile terminal are an essential device in our life today. The user usually enters in the related words or draws a simple graphic on the touch screen as passwords for unlocking the screensaver. Although this way can provide users with simple and convenient security mechanism, the process would increase the risk of words or graphic information leakage under the strict security consideration. Usually for this type of keypad lock screen app you can only customize the simple pattern or swipe-to-unlock screen with a static image on a background image that you select to unlock your phone. Therefore, the interested parties could have a chance to eavesdrop the simple graphic pattern information in order to hacking the smart device for stealing the personal information. Due to lack of the proper identity authentication mechanism in the usually keypad lock screen app, this paper proposes a new graphic pattern protection mechanism for enhance authentication level in the keypad lock screen app field. By randomly changing the fixed position of the digital graphics that shows on the touch screen, the user can draw different graphic pattern every time based on the unique or backup PIN password to unlock the screen. Not only added the random graphic pattern authentication method indeed increase the personal secret information being stolen difficulty and complexity, it provides more security level than the traditional graphic pattern authentication in keypad lock screen as well.
A Microfluidic Device for Kinetic Optimization of Protein Crystallization and <i>In Situ</i> Structure Determination (2006)

The unprecedented economies of scale and unique mass transport properties of microfluidic devices made them viable nano-volume protein crystallization screening platforms. However, realizing the full potential of microfluidic crystallization requires complementary technologies for crystal optimization and harvesting. In this paper, we report a microfluidic device which provides a link between chip-based nanoliter volume crystallization screening and structure analysis through "kinetic optimization" of crystallization reactions and in situ structure determination. Kinetic optimization through systematic variation of reactor geometry and actuation of micromechanical valves is used to screen a large ensemble of kinetic trajectories that are not practical with conventional techniques. Using this device, we demonstrate control over crystal quality, reliable scale-up from nanoliter volume reactions, facile harvesting and cryoprotectant screening, and protein structure determination at atomic resolution from data collected in-chip.
Study of the catalysis and surface chemistry occurring at nickel/zirconia anodes in solid oxide fuel cells running on natural gas (1999)

Abstract Nickel-based/yttria-stabilised zirconia anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) running on natural gas have been developed which show increased resistance towards carbon deposition and improved durability. Surface carbon formed on the anodes during reforming has been characterised using temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The influence of anode composition and formulation, pre-treatment method, operating temperature and methane/steam ratio have been studied. Doping the nickel/zirconia anode with small quantities of molybdenum leads to a substantial reduction in the amount of carbon deposited. As current is drawn from the SOFC increased methane conversion occurs together with reduced carbon deposition.
Comparison of Dual Retard VCT to Continuously Variable Event Valvetrain (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Variable cam timing strategies which utilize retard of the intake and exhaust valve events at part load have been previously shown to provide improved fuel consumption and feedgas NOx. These benefits can be increased by enhancing the combustion system with variable charge motion.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A variable event duration valvetrain was simulated on engine dynamometer by running a series of short duration/low lift intake valve events. The fuel consumption benefit for this simulated variable event valvetrain is compared to that of dual retard VCT with variable charge motion.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An estimated upper limit for the fuel consumption improvement potential of variable valve timing is presented. This upper limit includes both pumping work reduction and indicated efficiency improvement with high levels of exhaust residual dilution. The measured benefits of dual retard VCT and of the variable event valvetrain are compared to the estimated upper limit.</div>
Understanding ethnic women's experiences with pharmacopeia (1997)

For centuries, women have been the primary caregivers and healers in their communities. The literature documents well that the tasks involved in caregiving, such as preparing remedies, providing physical nurturance, and attending the sick, give a gynocentric flavor to healing traditions. Ethnic women, in particular, promote caring and curing through a wide range of folk remedies. These remedies employ foods, herbs, and over-the-counter medications. Importantly, the actual remedies are not as critical to the care of an ill person as the meaning of the cultural memories inherent in acts of caring. I discovered comfort, nurturance, and familiarity to be intrinsic to the holistic nature of the remedies used and to be salient features of the memories of healing and curing within Puerto Rican and African American groups. Through the use of remedies, the Puerto Rican and African American women who participated in these phenomenological investigations impart healing for the body, mind, and spirit.
Effects of scents on airborne microbes, part I: thymol, eugenol, <i>trans</i>‐cinnamaldehyde and linalool (2006)

Abstract Four aroma chemicals, thymol, eugenol, trans ‐cinnamaldehyde and linalool, were tested for their influence on total microbial count (bacteria, yeasts and moulds) in air. After determining both the total microbial count (TC) and the total count of yeasts and moulds (YM) of airborne microbes in a selected testing room, using a RCS Air Sampler, each of the aroma chemicals was vapourized in four different concentrations, 5, 2.5, 1.5 and 0.5 mg/m 3 . After a residence time of 15 min, the germ count in the testing room was measured again, using the air sampler. Each tested substance in any concentration showed a reduction of total microbial count as well as a reduction of total count of yeasts and moulds in the air and thus contributes to abating infection hazard for humans. The most effective concentrations for each substance were as follows. For total microbial count reduction: thymol, 1.5 mg/m 3 (69.50% reduction); eugenol, 1.5 mg/m 3 (69.40% reduction); trans ‐cinnamaldehyde, 1.5 mg/m 3 (65.93% reduction); and linalool, 2.5 mg/m 3 (69.92% reduction). For total count reduction of yeasts and moulds: thymol, 0.5 mg/m 3 (50.60%); eugenol, 1.5 mg/m 3 (58.31%); trans ‐cinnamaldehyde, 2.5 mg/m 3 (46.19%); and linalool, 1.5 mg/m 3 (50.25%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Configurational Ordering of Cationic Chiral Dyes Using a Novel <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Hexacoordinated Phosphate Anion (2000)

C(2)-Symmetry hexacoordinated phosphorus BINPHAT anion-of configuration controlled by a BINOL ligand-can be prepared readily in a one-pot process and behaves as an efficient NMR chiral shift agent and chiral inducer onto monomethinium dyes (CD, (1)H NMR).
Diagnosis of Minerals Controlled The Carbonate Solubility in Some Calcareous Soils From North Iraq (2014)

Four locations were chosen from North Iraq having different soil orders namely: (Zawaita-Mollisols), (Batail-Vertisols), (Ninevah forest-Inceptisols), (Tel-Afer-Aridisols) in order to study the role of solubility diagram and x-ray diffraction analysis in determining the type of mineral which effect the carbonate solubility.Results showed that the calcite mineral effected the carbonate solubility depending on solubility diagram indicating by the points that falls under calcite mineral line represented the state under saturation with respect to this mineral. Also the results of x-ray diffraction stated the presence of calcite at d-spacing (0.304nm) and dolomite at (0.289nm), therefore the peak intensity of calcite (d-spacing) was sharpened and most height than the peak of dolomite, this conclusion was in agreement with the results of solubility diagram that were obtained above.
The incidence of Stroop interference in dyslexia (1997)

An experiment is reported in which dyslexics (on average ten-and-a-half years old) showed marked Stroop interference of a colour word on the naming of a colour. This interference was larger than that shown by control subjects matched for chronological age, but not larger than that experienced by a group of control subjects matched for reading age (about eight years old). Dyslexics show interference consistent with their reading age. It is hypothesized that the resources available to dyslexics for controlling automatic word reading are less than those for non-dyslexics of a similar chronological age. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Lightning Overvoltages in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Lines with Service Drop Lines (2001)

Lightning outages on high-voltage power distribution lines have been decreased steadily for lightning protection with surge arresters and overhead ground wires for high-voltage power distribution lines in Japan. However the number of lightning outages on low-voltage distribution lines is on the increase for the information-oriented and computerized society. We have examined lightning overvoltages in low-voltage distribution lines with service drop lines for customers. The peak value of the line conductor voltage in a low-voltage line is reduced and the waveform of it resembles that of the neutral conductor voltage due to installing a DV wire and a grounding at the neutral conductor. The service drop line should be taken into account when lightning overvoltages in low-voltage distribution lines is examined. We have studied protection of low-voltage distribution lines against lightning induced overvoltages with the model of low-voltage distribution line using the Electro-Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP) on the basis of the experimental results. Nevertheless the grounding resistance value is higher, separate groundings on the closest pole to a pole transformer and the termination of low-voltage line is as effective as a single low grounding on the middle of low-voltage line.
Non‐Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Identified via Computer‐Aided Drug Design (2011)

The relaxed complex scheme, a virtual-screening methodology that accounts for protein receptor flexibility, was used to identify a low-micromolar, non-bisphosphonate inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Serendipitously, we also found that several predicted farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors were low-micromolar inhibitors of undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase. These results are of interest because farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors are being pursued as both anti-infective and anticancer agents, and undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors are antibacterial drug leads.
Solubilities of Mn(II) and Mn(III) Ions in Concentrated Alkaline Solutions (1966)

Measurements using a polarographic method of the solubility of Mn(II) in and , as well as solubility of Mn(III) in , are reported. The exponential increase in solubility found with increasing and concentrations is principally due to the formation of OH− coordinated‐complex ions; . Based on the calculation of the equilibrium constant, a likely predominant species of the Mn(II) complexes is . Based on measurements for solubility of Mn(II) the heat of dissolution was found to be .
Summary Abstract: Energy dependence of the stress in diamondlike carbon films (1986)

First Page
Preface (1968)

In devoting this issue to the subject of "Equal Educational Opportunity," theHarvard Educational Review presents the views of fifteen men whose names are impressive credentials. Each is a recognized authority writing about an educational problem of national magnitude. Each is concerned about this American society that has not yet provided for all its members the full rights and privileges of citizenship. And each regards education as a key factor in promoting social and economic progress. While their prescriptions may differ, they share a common commitment to the full measure of educational change required to effect equal opportunity in education.
Design and Performance of a Passive EMI Filter for Use With a Voltage-Source PWM Inverter Having Sinusoidal Output Voltage and Zero Common-Mode Voltage (2004)

This paper deals with integrating a small-sized passive electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter with a voltage-source pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverter. The purpose of the filter is to eliminate both high-frequency common-mode and normal-mode voltages from the three-phase output voltages of the inverter. A laboratory system consisting of a 5-kVA inverter, a 3.7-kW induction motor, and a specially-designed passive EMI filter was constructed to verify the viability and effectiveness of the filter. As a result, both line-to-line and line-to-neutral output voltages look purely sinusoidal as if the inverter were an ideal three-phase variable-voltage, variable-frequency power supply when viewed from the motor terminals. This results in a complete solution to serious EMI issues related to high-frequency common-mode and normal-mode voltages produced by the PWM inverter.
Pattern recognition with a digital holographic microscope working in partially coherent illumination (2002)

We describe the implementation of the automatic spatial-frequency-selection filter for recognition of patterns obtained with a digital holographic microscope working with a partially coherent source. The microscope provides the complex-optical-amplitude field that allows a refocusing plane-by-plane of the sample under investigation by numerical computation of the optical propagation. By inserting a correlation filter in the propagation equation, the correlation between the filter and the propagated optical field is obtained. In this way, the pattern is located in the direction of the optical axis. Owing to the very weak noise level generated by the partially coherent source, the correlation process is shift invariant. Therefore the samples can be located in the three dimensions. To have a robust recognition process, a generalized version of the automatic spatial-frequency-selection filters has been implemented. The method is experimentally demonstrated in a two-class problem for the recognition of protein crystals.
Investigations into integrated location management in mobile multimedia networks (2000)

Advanced software protocols for multimedia packet networks are currently designed, tested and, in some cases, fielded by a variety of organisations. Additionally, a variety of solutions are required to provide next-generation, highly-programmable technology solutions to eventually provide reliable, efficient, and secure communications of multimedia traffic over rapidly-deployable mobile adhoc networks to pave the way for seamless extension of the Internet. In this context it is recognised that user location identification is considered by the service providers as one of the most value-added services for the end-users. The focus of the research in these areas is to allow protocol software and the location technology solutions to be integrated in a flexible manner into the mobile multimedia networks through API (application programming interface) framework. Various location strategies needed to be analysed to derive candidate solutions for integrated location management. In this paper, the background preparation to derive a separate smart antenna API is defined to eventually incorporate it into the distributed network architecture. Preliminary results from the real-data smart antenna experiments are examined to find out the efficacy of the technique.
Quantification of Dehalospirillum multivorans in Mixed-Culture Biofilms with an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1996)

A fast, highly selective and sensitive method to quantify specific biomasses in mixed-culture biofilms is described. It consists of detachment of a biofilm from its support material, resolution of the detached biofilm flocs in order to separate the enclosed cells and antigens, and quantification of specific biomass by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.