gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in polycarbodiimide chemistry (2011)

Over the last 15 years, large strides have been taken with regards to synthesis, catalysis, structural control, and functional application of polycarbodiimides (polyguanidines); a unique class of helical macromolecules that are derived from the polymerization of carbodiimide monomers using transition metal catalysis. This manuscript will provide a summary of the synthesis and characterization studies in addition to the large variety of properties discovered for these systems and potential applications associated with these properties. In large part, it is the chiral helical backbone coupled with synthetically selective pendant groups which has allowed creation of polycarbodiimides spanning a large range of potential applications. Such applications include cooperative chiral materials, liquid crystalline materials, optical sensors and display materials, tunable polarizers, sites for asymmetric catalysis, and recyclable polymers. Manipulation of the two pendant groups that span away from the amidine backbone repeat unit has allowed solubility of these polymers in solvents ranging from cyclohexane to water, maximizing the potential application of these polymers in various media.
Parakeet (2009)

We demonstrate Parakeet -- a continuous speech recognition system for mobile touch-screen devices. Parakeet's interface is designed to make correcting errors easy on a handheld device while on the move. Users correct errors using a touch-screen to either select alternative words from a word confusion network or by typing on a predictive software keyboard. Our interface design was guided by computational experiments. We conducted a user study to validate our design. We found novices entered text at 18 WPM while seated indoors and 13 WPM while walking outdoors.
Nucleotide sequence of the chromosome 14-encoded<i>S182</i>cDNA and revised secondary structure prediction (1995)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASES182HOMOLOGUETRANSMEMBRANEFADCHROMOSOME 14
A quality assurance device for the accuracy of the isocentres of teletherapy and simulation machines (2000)

A new quality assurance device has been designed to measure the location and wobble of the radiation isocentre of linacs and simulation machines as a function of gantry rotation. The radiation isocentre is the intersection in space of the central x rays of a linac or simulation machine at different gantry angles. Six radio-opaque markers 1 mm in size are embedded in a radio-transparent calibration object (specifically, a hollowed cube) in such a way that the markers are non-coplanar and uniquely identifiable in radiographic projections. The projective radiographs are obtained on the films held by the film holder attached to the gantry during the QA procedure. The marker positions of the calibration object define a known 3D reference frame, and their image positions on each radiograph determine the projective (3D to 2D matrix) transformation for that radiograph. Once the transformation is found, a 3D ray from the radiation source to any radiograph pixel becomes known. The radiographic pixels are coordinated (positioned and scaled) with respect to the projected image of radio-opaque fiducial cross-hairs fixed to a block tray and thus to the gantry. We select the central ray to correspond to the radiographic pixel whose rays at different gantry angles intersect in the smallest spatial domain. That pixel is found by a spiral search in the radiograph outward from the image of the radio-opaque cross-hair intersection. The wobble of the isocentre is defined by the set of points (on the central rays) at closest approach to the isocentre. The device was tested and compared with commercially available QA devices. It is able to locate the isocentre to within 0.5 mm. The offset of this derived radiation isocentre from the intersection of the positioning lasers can be found. To do this, the calibration object is initially placed so that the laser intersection point falls on a seventh radio-opaque marker near the centre of the hollow cube calibration object. The seventh marker is embedded in a thin radio-transparent rod that diagonally spans the hollowed space.
A role for carbohydrate moieties in the immune response to malaria. (1985)

Treatment of antigen prepared from asexual blood stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum with a mixture of glycosidases resulted in a reduction in the ability of the antigen to bind antibodies from immune human and monkey sera in an ELISA assay. Some of the epitopes in the parasite material were heat stable, protease resistant, and sensitive to glycosidases. Proteins of Mr 110,000 and 65,000 from parasitized RBC were shown to have reduced antigenicity in Western blots after glycosidase treatment. The carbohydrate side chains of parasite glycoproteins therefore make a contribution to the total antigenicity of the parasite.
Acetic acid oxidation and hydrolysis in supercritical water (1995)

Abstract Acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) hydrolysis and oxidation in supercritical water were examined from 425 – 600°C and 246 bar at reactor residence times of 4.4 to 9.8 s. Over the range of conditions studied, acetic acid oxidation was globally 0.72 ± 0.15 order in acetic acid and 0.27 ± 0.15 order in oxygen to a 95% confidence level, with an activation energy of 168 ± 21 kJ/mol, a preexponential factor of 10 9.9 ± 1.7 and an induction time of about 1.5 s at 525°C. Isothermal kinetic measurements at 550°C over the range 160 to 263 bar indicated that pressure or density did not affect the rate of acetic acid oxidation as much as was previously observed in the oxidation of hydrogen or carbon monoxide in supercritical water. Major products of acetic acid oxidation in (upercriuical water are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methaite, and hydrogen. Trace amounts of propenoic acid were occasionally detected. Hydrolysis or hydrothermolysis in the absence of oxygen resulted in approximately 35% conversion of acetic acid at 600°C, 246 bar, and 8‐s reactor residence time. Regression of the limited hydrolysis runs assuming a reaction rate first‐order in organic gave a global rate expression with a preexponential factor of 10 4.4 ± 1.1 and an activation energy of 94 ± 17 kJ/moL.
Human Rhinovirus Type 2 Is Internalized by Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis (2003)

Using several approaches, we investigated the importance of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the uptake of human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV2). By means of confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that K(+) depletion strongly reduces HRV2 internalization. Viral uptake was also substantially reduced by extraction of cholesterol from the plasma membrane with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In accordance with these data, overexpression of dynamin K44A in HeLa cells prevented HRV2 internalization, as judged by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and strongly reduced infection. We also demonstrate that HRV2 bound to the surface of HeLa cells is localized in coated pits but not in caveolae. Finally, transient overexpression of the specific dominant-negative inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the SH3 domain of amphiphysin and the C-terminal domain of AP180, potently inhibited internalization of HRV2. Taken together, these results indicate that HRV2 uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis to infect cells.
Characteristics and function of raw-starch-affinity site on Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi glucoamylase I molecule. (1989)

The enzymatically inactive but raw-starch-adsorbable glycopeptide-I (Gp-I), which was obtained from raw-starch-adsorbable, raw-starch-digesting glucoamylase I (GA I) of Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi as a result of proteolysis with subtilisin and proved to contain the raw-starch-affinity site essential for raw-starch-digestion, was found to promote the digestion rate of raw corn starch with GA I, maximally to the extent of 2.5 times. The raw-starch-adsorbability of Gp-I was decreased by the partial removal of carbohydrate moiety from Gp-I. The carbohydrate-split GA I could hydrolyze gelatinized substrates almost at the same rate as the native one, but significantly decreased in the adsorbability and digestibility onto raw starch in comparison with the original one. From the function and the characteristic structure of the parallel short mannoside chains linked to the successive sequence of hydroxy amino acid residues of Gp-I, the "water-cluster-dissociating model" for the hypothetical mechanism of raw-starch-digestion by the adsorption of GA I at the affinity site onto starch was proposed.
A cascade ranking model for efficient ranked retrieval (2011)

There is a fundamental tradeoff between effectiveness and efficiency when designing retrieval models for large-scale document collections. Effectiveness tends to derive from sophisticated ranking functions, such as those constructed using learning to rank, while efficiency gains tend to arise from improvements in query evaluation and caching strategies. Given their inherently disjoint nature, it is difficult to jointly optimize effectiveness and efficiency in end-to-end systems. To address this problem, we formulate and develop a novel cascade ranking model, which unlike previous approaches, can simultaneously improve both top k ranked effectiveness and retrieval efficiency. The model constructs a cascade of increasingly complex ranking functions that progressively prunes and refines the set of candidate documents to minimize retrieval latency and maximize result set quality. We present a novel boosting algorithm for learning such cascades to directly optimize the tradeoff between effectiveness and efficiency. Experimental results show that our cascades are faster and return higher quality results than comparable ranking models.
The correlation of age of onset with CTG trinucleotide repeat amplification in myotonic dystrophy. (1992)

The gene for myotonic dystrophy (DM) has recently been isolated and amplification of an unstable CTG trinucleotide repeat, located within the DM gene, has been identified in virtually all patients studied to date. A high proportion of DM families who are studied show a progressively earlier age of onset with succeeding generations and, in the few pedigrees reported so far, an increasing degree of amplification of the CTG repeat has been noted to parallel this trend. It has been implicit in several of the original reports on the nature of the changes in the DM gene that knowledge of CTG amplification status at the DM locus of a person will provide useful information concerning prognosis. However, no studies of genotype-phenotype correlation have been reported and there are no specific data on which to base such counsel. In this paper we report the correlation between the degree of CTG amplification and age of onset in 109 DM gene carriers from 17 families. Included are parent-child and sib-sib comparisons which provide a framework in which to incorporate DNA diagnostic studies when counselling subjects and families at risk for DM.
On Nonblocking Multiconnection Networks (1986)

In the paper, four theorems describing conditions under which a three-stage multiconnection network is nonblocking for different routing strategies are formulated and proved. These theorems hold for any values of the structural parameters of a network. For some networks having a small number of outer stage switches, these theorems give significantly lower numbers of required middle stage switches than theorems currently known.
The first Q-Tube based high-pressure synthesis of anti-cancer active thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridazines via the [4 + 2] cyclocondensation of 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals with 4-thiazolidinones (2020)

A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives was developed. The approach utilizes a high pressure Q-Tube reactor to promote cyclocondensation reactions between 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals and 4-thiazolidinones. The process has a significantly high atom economy and a broad substrate scope, as well as being applicable to gram scale syntheses. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the synthesized thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives were examined utilizing a MTT colorimetric assay with doxorubicin as a reference anti-cancer drug and three human cancer cell lines including HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast) and A549 (lung). The results show that thiazolopyridazines 7c, h, k and p have high cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line with respective IC<sub>50</sub> values of 14.34, 10.39, 15.43 and 13.60 μM. Moreover, the thiazolopyridazine derivative 7s also show promising cytotoxic activity against the HCT-116 cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> = 6.90 μM . Observations made in this effort serve as a basis for further investigations into the design and preparation of new anti-cancer drugs.
Organoleptic and physical properties of yogurt made from lactose hydrolysed milk (1983)

Low‐lactose yogurt has been manufactured by using two commercial lactase enzymes: Lactozym and Maxilact. For each lactase enzyme two different enzyme treatments were examined: hydrolysing before fermentation and hydrolysing during fermentation. When evaluated by the triangle test it was not possible to detect any significant difference in organoleptic properties, including sweetness, between the control yogurt and the yogurt samples made from hydrolysed milk. The addition of fruit and sugar made it possible to detect a difference in sweetness when triangle tested. When lactase was added to evaporated milk (approx. 10% S N F) together with the starter culture, the results showed that addition of an amount equal to 500 ‐ 700 LAU/litre resulted in a yogurt with about 2% lactose. A technology based on these results seems applicable to industrial manufacture.
Patterns for Integrating and Exploiting Some Non-Functional Properties in Hierarchical Software Components (2007)

Providing powerful and fine-grained capabilities for the analysis and management of non-functional properties is a major challenge for component-based software systems. In this paper, we propose integration patterns for nonfunctional properties of hierarchical software components. These patterns are based on a classification of low-level non-functional properties, which takes into account their nature and lifecycle. They make explicit the implementation of these properties in relation with components and can be used to develop some forms of compositional reasoning. The proposals are exploited in non-functional contract negotiation by enabling a negotiation process to be precisely propagated down the component hierarchy
Genetic variation in lipoprotein (a) levels in families enriched for coronary artery disease is determined almost entirely by the apolipoprotein (a) gene locus. (1995)

Lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) is a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein resembling LDL but also containing a large polypeptide designated apolipoprotein (a) (apo[a]). Its levels are highly variable among individuals and, in a number of studies, are strongly correlated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). In an effort to determine which genes control Lp(a) levels, we have studied 25 multiplex families (comprising 298 members) enriched for CAD. The apo(a) gene was genotyped among the families, using a highly informative pulse-field gel electrophoresis procedure. In addition, polymorphisms of the gene for the other major protein of Lp(a), apolipoprotein B (apoB), were examined. Quantitative sib-pair linkage analysis indicates that apo(a) is the major gene controlling Lp(a) levels in this CAD population (P = .001; 99 sib pairs), whereas the apoB gene demonstrated no significant quantitative linkage effect. We estimate that the apo(a) locus accounts for < or = 98% of variance of Lp(a) serum levels. Approximately 43% of this variation is explained by size polymorphisms within the apo(a) gene. These results indicate that the apo(a) gene is the major determinant of Lp(a) serum levels not only in the general population but also in a high-risk CAD population.
Privacy in the Genomic Era (2015)

Genome sequencing technology has advanced at a rapid pace and it is now possible to generate highly-detailed genotypes inexpensively. The collection and analysis of such data has the potential to support various applications, including personalized medical services. While the benefits of the genomics revolution are trumpeted by the biomedical community, the increased availability of such data has major implications for personal privacy; notably because the genome has certain essential features, which include (but are not limited to) <i>(i)</i> an association with traits and certain diseases, <i>(ii)</i> identification capability (e.g., forensics), and <i>(iii)</i> revelation of family relationships. Moreover, direct-to-consumer DNA testing increases the likelihood that genome data will be made available in less regulated environments, such as the Internet and for-profit companies. The problem of genome data privacy thus resides at the crossroads of computer science, medicine, and public policy. While the computer scientists have addressed data privacy for various data types, there has been less attention dedicated to genomic data. Thus, the goal of this paper is to provide a systematization of knowledge for the computer science community. In doing so, we address some of the (sometimes erroneous) beliefs of this field and we report on a survey we conducted about genome data privacy with biomedical specialists. Then, after characterizing the genome privacy problem, we review the state-of-the-art regarding privacy attacks on genomic data and strategies for mitigating such attacks, as well as contextualizing these attacks from the perspective of medicine and public policy. This paper concludes with an enumeration of the challenges for genome data privacy and presents a framework to systematize the analysis of threats and the design of countermeasures as the field moves forward.
Constrained Global Path Optimization for Articulated Steering Vehicles (2015)

This paper proposes a new efficient path-planning algorithm for articulated steering vehicles operating in semi-structured environments, in which obstacles are detected online by the vehicle's sensors. The first step of the algorithm is offline and computes a finite set of feasible motions that connect discrete robot states to construct a search space. The motion primitives are parameterized using Bézier curves and optimized as a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) equivalent to the constrained path planning problem. Applying the A* search algorithm to the search space produces the shortest paths as a sequence of these primitives. The sequence is drivable and suboptimal, but it can cause unnatural swerves. Therefore, online path smoothing, which uses a gradient-based method, is applied to solve another NLP. Numerical simulations demonstrate that performance of the proposed algorithm is significantly better than that of existing methods when determining constrained path optimization. Moreover, field experimental results demonstrate the successful generation of fast and safe trajectories for real-time autonomous driving.
Design Strategy for a Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Matrix Metalloproteinase Utilizing Highly Cell Permeable Boron Dipyrromethene (2012)

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes are especially useful for simple and noninvasive in vivo imaging inside the body because of low autofluorescence and high tissue transparency in the NIR region compared with other wavelength regions. However, existing NIR fluorescence probes for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are tumor, atherosclerosis, and inflammation markers, have various disadvantages, especially as regards sensitivity. Here, we report a novel design strategy to obtain a NIR fluorescence probe that is rapidly internalized by free diffusion and well retained intracellularly after activation by extracellular MMPs. We designed and synthesized four candidate probes, each consisting of a cell permeable or nonpermeable NIR fluorescent dye as a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor linked to the NIR dark quencher BHQ-3 as a FRET acceptor via a MMP substrate peptide. We applied these probes for detection of the MMP activity of cultured HT-1080 cells, which express MMP2 and MT1-MMP, by fluorescence microscopy. Among them, the probe incorporating BODIPY650/665, BODIPY-MMP, clearly visualized the MMP activity as an increment of fluorescence inside the cells. We then applied this probe to a mouse xenograft tumor model prepared with HT-1080 cells. Following intratumoral injection of the probe, MMP activity could be visualized for much longer with BODIPY-MMP than with the probe containing SulfoCy5, which is cell impermeable and consequently readily washed out of the tissue. This simple design strategy should be applicable to develop a range of sensitive, rapidly responsive NIR fluorescence probes not only for MMP activity, but also for other proteases.
Shape-Selective Catalysis (1999)

Shape-selective catalysis is important for synthesis of organic chemicals and for processing of petroleum fractions and fuels. This article provides an introductory overview of the principles and applications of shape selective catalysis. It also discusses current areas of research on shape-selective catalysis.
Calibration Techniques for Time-Interleaved SAR A/D Converters (2012)

Benefits of technology scaling and the flexibility of digital circuits favor the digital signal processing in many applications, placing additional burden to the analog-to-digital con- verters (ADCs). This has created a need for energy-efficient ADCs in the GHz sampling frequency and moderate effective resolution range. A dominantly digital nature of successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs makes them a good candidate for an energy-efficient and scalable design, but its sequential operation limits its applicability in the GHz sampling range. Time-interleaving can be used to extend the efficiency of the SAR ADCs to the higher frequencies if the mismatches between the interleaved ADC channels can be handled in an efficient manner.New calibration techniques are proposed for time-interleaved SAR ADCs capable of cor- recting the gain, offset and timing mismatches, as well as the static nonlinearities of individ- ual ADC channels stemming from the capacitor mismatches. The techniques are based on introducing two additional calibration channels that are identical to all other time-interleaved channels and the use of the least mean square algorithm (LMS). The calibration of the chan- nel offset and gain mismatches, as well as the capacitor mismatches, is performed in the background using digital post-processing. The timing mismatches between channels are cor- rected using a mixed-signal feedback, where all calculations are performed in the digital do- main, but the actual timing correction is done in the analog domain by fine-tuning the edges of the sampling clocks. These calibration techniques enable a design of time-interleaved con- verters that use minimum-sized capacitors and operate in the thermal-noise-limited regime for maximum energy and area efficiency.The techniques are demonstrated on a time-interleaved converter that interleaves 24 channels designed in a 65nm CMOS technology. The ADC uses the smallest capacitor value of only 50aF, achieves 50.9dB SNDR at fs = 2.8GHz with the effective-resolution bandwidth higher than the Nyquist frequency, while consuming only 44.6 mW of power.
R. Fouet et Ch. Pomerol. Les montagnes (1966)

Robert Jean. R. Fouet et Ch. Pomerol. Les montagnes. In: Norois, n°50, Avril-Juin 1966. pp. 266-268.
Coding for digital recording (1990)

Why digital recording? digital magnetic and optical recording channel coding error correction applications.