gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptually optimised loudspeaker selection for the creation of personal sound zones (2013)

Sound eld control methods can be used to create multiple zones of audio in the same room. Separation achieved by such systems has classically been evaluated using physical metrics including acoustic contrast and target-to-interferer ratio (TIR). However, to optimise the experience for a listener it is desirable to consider perceptual factors. A search procedure was used to select 5 loudspeakers for production of 2 sound zones using acoustic contrast control. Comparisons were made between searches driven by physical (programme-independent TIR) and perceptual (distraction predictions from a statistical model) cost func- Tions. Performance was evaluated on TIR and predicted distraction in addition to subjective ratings. The perceptual cost function showed some benefits over physical optimisation, although the model used needs further work. Copyright © (2013) by the Audio Engineering Society.
Ion Thruster Development Trends and Status in the United States (1998)

The current interest in ion thrusters for near-Earth and deep-space missions has occurred because of long-term development efforts yielding an understanding of the physical phenomena involved in thruster operation and hardware that is suited to a wide range of missions. Features of state-of-the-art thrusters are described in terms of the various physical processes that occur within them. Tradeoffs that must be considered to arrive at thruster designs suited to commercialization are discussed.
Effects of Oxazepam and an Extract of Kava Roots <i>(Piper methysticum) </i>on Event-Related Potentials in a Word Recognition Task (1993)

Twelve healthy volunteers were tested in a double-blind crossover study to assess the effects of oxazepam and an extract of kava roots (Piper methysticum) on behavior and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a recognition memory task. The subjects' task was to identify within a list of visually presented words those that were shown for the first time and those that were being repeated. The repeated words were associated with an increased positivity beginning approximately 250 ms poststimulus. Oxazepam led to a reduction of a negative component in the 250-500 ms range for both old and new words and to a reduction of the old/new difference in the ERP associated with a significantly worse recognition rate. Kava on the other hand showed a slightly increased recognition rate and a larger ERP difference between old and new words.
Phase stability of guest/host photorefractive polymers studied by light scattering experiments (1997)

We report on light scattering measurements in guest/host photorefractive polymers doped with different polar dyes as a function of temperature and sample composition. Crystallization processes of the polar dye are found to follow a nucleation and growth mechanism. The structure and melting point of the polar dye, the storage temperature, and the amount of plasticizer are shown to exert a major influence on the shelf lifetime of the samples. New composites with high efficiency and long shelf lifetime are presented.
Focused glycomic analysis of the <b> <i>N</i> </b> ‐linked glycan biosynthetic pathway in ovarian cancer (2008)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the deadliest female reproductive tract malignancy in Western countries. Less than 25% of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is confined, however, pointing to the critical need for early diagnostics for ovarian cancer. Identifying the changes that occur in the glycome of ovarian cancer cells may provide an avenue to develop a new generation of potential biomarkers for early detection of this disease. We performed a glycotranscriptomic analysis of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma using human tissue, as well as a newly developed mouse model that mimics this disease. Our results show that the N-linked glycans expressed in both nondiseased mouse and human ovarian tissues are similar; moreover, malignant changes in the expression of N-linked glycans in both mouse and human endometrioid ovarian carcinoma are qualitatively similar. Lectin reactivity was used as a means for rapid validation of glycan structural changes in the carcinomas that were predicted by the glycotranscriptome analysis. Among several changes in glycan expression noted, the increase of bisected N-linked glycans and the transcripts of the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis, GnT-III, was the most significant. This study provides evidence that glycotranscriptome analysis can be an important tool in identifying potential cancer biomarkers.
Interaction between the C-terminal region of human myelin basic protein and calmodulin: analysis of complex formation and solution structure (2008)

Taken together, our results give a detailed structural insight into the interaction of calmodulin with a C-terminal segment of a major myelin protein, the myelin basic protein. The used 19-mer peptide interacts mainly with the C-terminal lobe of calmodulin, and a conformational change accompanies binding, suggesting a novel mode of calmodulin-target protein interaction. Calmodulin does not collapse and wrap around the peptide tightly; instead, it remains in an extended conformation in the solution structure. The observed affinity can be physiologically relevant, given the high abundance of both binding partners in the nervous system.
Assessing the Stand-Alone Sensitivity of Computer-Aided Detection With Cancer Cases From the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (2012)

Our results suggest the use of CADe in interpretation of digital and film-screen mammograms could lead to improvements in cancer detection.
Detection nonuniformity measurements and corrections for cone beam transmission CT on a gamma camera (1992)

Cone beam transmission CT (CB-CT) improves SPECT imaging by providing high-quality attenuation maps for attenuation compensation and for correlated SPECT and CT imaging. The present work measures the detection nonuniformity for CB-CT implemented with a gamma camera, and applies nonuniformity corrections to make CB-CT more uniform and accurate. Two cone beam collimators were investigated, as well as the uncollimated cone beam geometry, using both uniformity images and CB-CT reconstructions of a uniform circular cylinder. Uniformity images were acquired as a function of point source position relative to the nominal focal point. The uniformity images for both collimators were highly nonuniform, with some regions differing by more than 15% from the average image counts per pixel, indicating that the holes do not focus to the same point. The most uniform images were obtained with the point source located at or near the nominal focal point. Radiographs estimated the misfocusing of the holes to be about 0.6 degrees in some regions. There were no indications that the hole size was nonuniform. The CB-CT reconstructions of data acquired with collimator showed no obvious signs of image artifact from the detection nonuniformities. However, low-noise simulated data with well-localized detection defects produced readily-apparent circular artifacts. The nonuniformity correction was accurate and easy to apply, and should be used whenever quantitative accuracy is required. The uniformity images acquired without collimator lacked the collimator-produced nonuniformities, but had decreased counts near the detector edge. The decrease was predictable, using simple geometric considerations. Uniform cylinder reconstructions of "without collimator" data showed a corresponding decrease in center density relative to the edge (edge-to-center ratio = 1.25), which was improved by the nonuniformity correction (ratio = 0.21). Accurate CB-CT without collimator will require further correction for photon scatter.
Ultrasound tomography with learned dictionaries (2010)

We propose a new method for imaging sound speed in breast tissue from measurements obtained by ultrasound tomography (UST) scanners. Given the measurements, our algorithm finds a sparse image representation in an overcomplete dictionary that is adapted to the properties of UST images. This dictionary is learned from high resolution MRI breast scans using an unsupervised maximum likelihood dictionary learning method. The proposed dictionary-based regularization method significantly improves the quality of reconstructed breast UST images. It outperforms the wavelet-based reconstruction and the least squares minimization with lowpass constraints, on both numerical and in vivo data. Our results demonstrate that the use of the learned dictionary improves the image accuracy for up to 4 dB with the exact measurement matrix and for 3.5 dB with the estimated measurement matrix over the wavelet-based reconstruction under the same conditions.
Breast MRI: State of the Art (2007)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast has emerged as a useful adjunct in evaluation of breast disease. For the past 25 years its use has been explored extensively in the literature and specific clinical indications have been developed. This review will address the current state of the art of breast MRI, including image acquisition, interpretation, limitations, and current applications. We also will discuss briefly emerging techniques that may further advance the practice of breast MRI evaluation.
Mining name translations from comparable corpora by creating bilingual information networks (2009)

This paper describes a new task to extract and align information networks from comparable corpora. As a case study we demonstrate the effectiveness of this task on automatically mining name translation pairs. Starting from a small set of seeds, we design a novel approach to acquire name translation pairs in a bootstrapping framework. The experimental results show this approach can generate highly accurate name translation pairs for persons, geopolitical and organization entities.
Effects of Preoxidation Ambient in Very Thin Thermal Oxide on Silicon (1986)

The impact of the gas ambient used during the preoxidation warm‐up of silicon wafers on the very thin oxide growth process and oxide dielectric strength is studied. It is shown that a 10 min warm‐up in results in higher initial growth rate and decreased oxide dielectric strength as compared to the warm‐up carried in Ar. These effects depend on temperature of oxidation and are more significant at 1100° than 900°C. Also, it is shown that the addition of 1% to the Ar used as a warm‐up ambient results in an increased oxidation rate and higher dielectric strength of very thin oxides due to water vapor formation inside the oxidation chamber during the replacement of mixture with .
Observational Study of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Outcomes in Adult Hospitalized Patients: A Multivariable Analysis of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Failure (2017)

Modifiable risk factors should inform education and inserter skill development to reduce the currently high rate of PIV failure.
Field matching of electron beams using plastic wedge penumbra generators (1992)

We describe the use of polystyrene wedges to match adjacent electron beams with improved dose uniformity. These wedges were designed to increase the penumbra width at the field junction from about 1.5 to about 3.5 cm, to achieve dose uniformity. Measurements using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) and therapy localization film showed that the use of polystyrene wedges (penumbra generators) produced only a small increase (less than 3%) in the surface dose and a small increase (less than 1%) in the x-ray contamination. Without wedges at the field junction, lateral mismatching of beam edges by 2 or 3 mm may introduce high dose variations (120% or more or 50% or less). Similar 2-3 mm set-up errors did not cause more than +/- 5% dose variations when plastic wedges were used to match the fields. These wedges are particularly useful when matching fields of different beam energies or matching fields on curved surfaces, such as the chest wall.
Spin-orbit engineering in transition metal dichalcogenide alloy monolayers (2015)

Binary transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers share common properties such as a direct optical bandgap, spin-orbit splittings of hundreds of meV, light-matter interaction dominated by robust excitons and coupled spin-valley states. Here we demonstrate spin-orbit-engineering in Mo(1-x)WxSe2 alloy monolayers for optoelectronics and applications based on spin- and valley-control. We probe the impact of the tuning of the conduction band spin-orbit spin-splitting on the bright versus dark exciton population. For MoSe2 monolayers, the photoluminescence intensity decreases as a function of temperature by an order of magnitude (4-300 K), whereas for WSe2 we measure surprisingly an order of magnitude increase. The ternary material shows a trend between these two extreme behaviours. We also show a non-linear increase of the valley polarization as a function of tungsten concentration, where 40% tungsten incorporation is sufficient to achieve valley polarization as high as in binary WSe2.
Effect of Flaxseed Consumption on Blood Pressure, Serum Lipids, Hemopoietic System and Liver and Kidney Enzymes in Healthy Humans (2005)

These results suggest that 4 weeks use of flaxseed does not have deleterious effects on the hemopoietic system or renal and hepatic function and does not lower blood pressure and serum lipids. However, the level of serum triglyceride level was elevated.
Analysis of ring distributed-feedback lasers (1974)

Here a structure for ring distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is proposed and analyzed. The threshold condition for such lasers is derived and compared with that for plain DFB lasers. It is shown that the etalon and feedback effects provided by the uniform section of a ring DFB laser should narrow the laser bandwidth and lower the threshold gain.
The Effects of a Smoking Cessation Intervention on 14.5-Year Mortality (2005)

Smoking cessation intervention programs can have a substantial effect on subsequent mortality, even when successful in a minority of participants.
Culture-independent discovery of the malacidins as calcium-dependent antibiotics with activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens (2018)

Despite the wide availability of antibiotics, infectious diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide <sup>1</sup> . In the absence of new therapies, mortality rates due to untreatable infections are predicted to rise more than tenfold by 2050. Natural products (NPs) made by cultured bacteria have been a major source of clinically useful antibiotics. In spite of decades of productivity, the use of bacteria in the search for new antibiotics was largely abandoned due to high rediscovery rates<sup>2,3</sup>. As only a fraction of bacterial diversity is regularly cultivated in the laboratory and just a fraction of the chemistries encoded by cultured bacteria are detected in fermentation experiments, most bacterial NPs remain hidden in the global microbiome. In an effort to access these hidden NPs, we have developed a culture-independent NP discovery platform that involves sequencing, bioinformatic analysis and heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters captured on DNA extracted from environmental samples. Here, we describe the application of this platform to the discovery of the malacidins, a distinctive class of antibiotics that are commonly encoded in soil microbiomes but have never been reported in culture-based NP discovery efforts. The malacidins are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens, sterilize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections in an animal wound model and did not select for resistance under our laboratory conditions.
A Novel Actuator for Simulation of Epidural Anesthesia and Other Needle Insertion Procedures (2010)

The new simulator is able to approximately reproduce properties of complex multilayer tissue structures, including fine-scale texture. Methods for improving fidelity of the simulation are identified.
Uranium Transport in a High-Throughput Electrorefiner for EBR-II Blanket Fuel (2004)

A unique high-throughput Mk-V electrorefiner is being used in the electrometallurgical treatment of the metallic sodium-bonded blanket fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II. Over many cycles, it transports uranium back and forth between the anodic fuel dissolution baskets and the cathode tubes until, because of imperfect adherence of the dendrites, it all ends up in the product collector at the bottom. The transport behavior of uranium in the high-throughput electrorefiner can be understood in terms of the sticking coefficients for uranium adherence to the cathode tubes in the forward direction and to the dissolution baskets in the reverse direction. The sticking coefficients are inferred from the experimental voltage and current traces and are correlated in terms of a single parameter representing the ratio of the cell current to the limiting current at the surface acting as the cathode. The correlations are incorporated into an engineering model that calculates the transport of uranium in the different modes of operation. The model also uses the experimentally derived electrorefiner operating maps that describe the relationship between the cell voltage and the cell current for the three principal transport modes. It is shown that the model correctly simulates the cycle-to-cycle variation of the voltage and current profiles. The model is used to conduct a parametric study of electrorefiner throughput rate as a function of the principal operating parameters. The throughput rate is found to improve with lowering of the basket rotation speed, reduction of UCl3 concentration in salt, and increasing the maximum cell current or cut-off voltage. Operating conditions are identified that can improve the throughput rate by 60 to 70% over that achieved at present.
Does Socio-Technical Congruence Have an Effect on Software Build Success? A Study of Coordination in a Software Project (2011)

Socio-technical congruence is an approach that measures coordination by examining the alignment between the technical dependencies and the social coordination in the project. We conduct a case study of coordination in the IBM Rational Team Concert project, which consists of 151 developers over seven geographically distributed sites, and expect that high congruence leads to a high probability of successful builds. We examine this relationship by applying two congruence measurements: an unweighted congruence measure from previous literature, and a weighted measure that overcomes limitations of the existing measure. We discover that there is a relationship between socio-technical congruence and build success probability, but only for certain build types, and observe that in some situations, higher congruence actually leads to lower build success rates. We also observe that a large proportion of zero-congruence builds are successful, and that socio-technical gaps in successful builds are larger than gaps in failed builds. Analysis of the social and technical aspects in IBM Rational Team Concert allows us to discuss the effects of congruence on build success. Our findings provide implications with respect to the limits of applicability of socio-technical congruence and suggest further improvements of socio-technical congruence to study coordination.
Configuration and Specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Early Site Specific Weed Management (2013)

A new aerial platform has risen recently for image acquisition, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). This article describes the technical specifications and configuration of a UAV used to capture remote images for early season site-specific weed management (ESSWM). Image spatial and spectral properties required for weed seedling discrimination were also evaluated. Two different sensors, a still visible camera and a six-band multispectral camera, and three flight altitudes (30, 60 and 100 m) were tested over a naturally infested sunflower field. The main phases of the UAV workflow were the following: 1) mission planning, 2) UAV flight and image acquisition, and 3) image pre-processing. Three different aspects were needed to plan the route: flight area, camera specifications and UAV tasks. The pre-processing phase included the correct alignment of the six bands of the multispectral imagery and the orthorectification and mosaicking of the individual images captured in each flight. The image pixel size, area covered by each image and flight timing were very sensitive to flight altitude. At a lower altitude, the UAV captured images of finer spatial resolution, although the number of images needed to cover the whole field may be a limiting factor due to the energy required for a greater flight length and computational requirements for the further mosaicking process. Spectral differences between weeds, crop and bare soil were significant in the vegetation indices studied (Excess Green Index, Normalised Green-Red Difference Index and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), mainly at a 30 m altitude. However, greater spectral separability was obtained between vegetation and bare soil with the index NDVI. These results suggest that an agreement among spectral and spatial resolutions is needed to optimise the flight mission according to every agronomical objective as affected by the size of the smaller object to be discriminated (weed plants or weed patches).
Applications of automatic seismic image flattening and edge detection to land seismic data (2010)

With field seismic data we demonstrate that geological features, especially subtle ones, can be better revealed by full‐volume flattened seismic cubes. The flattened seismic cubes are created by a linear inversion method recently proposed by Parks and Hale. Their method is fully automatic with no user picks required. After flattening, the time slices are corresponding to depositional time (named geo‐time) on which stratigraphic information is better manifested. In addition, we show improved results by applying a seismic edge‐detection (coherence‐cube) algorithm on the flattened cubes.
<i>Lotus japonicus</i>, an autogamous, diploid legume species for classical and molecular genetics (1992)

Summary In the Leguminosae plant family, few of the individual plant species have been used for plant molecular biology research. Among the species investigated no obvious representative ‘model’ legume has emerged. Here a member of the tribe Loteae, Lotus japonicus (Regel) Larsen is proposed as a candidate. L. japonicus is a diploid, autogamous species, with a good seed set, and a generation time of approximately 3 months. The haploid genome consists of six chromosomes and the genome size was estimated to be relatively small (0.5 pg per haploid complement). L. japonicus is susceptible to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and transgenic plants can be regenerated after hygromycin or kanamycin selection. Tissue culture conditions and procedures for transformation and regeneration are described. Stable transformation is demonstrated by segregation of the hygromycin selectable marker after selfing of transgenic plants or test crosses. The possibility of mapping polymorphic DNA markers inbred lines of L. japonicus is also discussed.