gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin, structure, and regulation of argK, encoding the phaseolotoxin-resistant ornithine carbamoyltransferase in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, and functional expression of argK in transgenic tobacco (1992)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola produces the tripeptide N delta(N'-sulfo-diaminophosphinyl)-ornithylalanyl-homoarginin e (phaseolotoxin), which functions as a chlorosis-inducing toxin in the bean halo blight disease by inhibiting ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT). The bacterium possesses duplicate OCT genes, one of which, argK, encodes a toxin-resistant enzyme (ROCT) and imparts resistance to phaseolotoxin. We sequenced the argK gene from strain NPS3121, defined its promoter region, analyzed its regulation, and characterized its transcripts. The gene probably originated from another organism, since it is very distantly related to the argF gene encoding the housekeeping toxin-sensitive OCT and has low G+C content compared with the bacterial genome as a whole and with other protein-coding genes from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. Optimized alignments of 13 OCT sequences allowed us to define key residues that may be responsible for toxin resistance and to identify a distinct prokaryotic amino acid signature, in ROCT, which argues for a prokaryotic origin of argK. An in-frame fusion of the argK coding region with the chloroplast transit peptide segment of the pea rbcS gene was introduced in Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The presence of an ROCT activity in transgenic plants was demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Some plants were toxin resistant, suggesting that pathogen-derived resistance to the toxin should be feasible in the pathogen's host.
Dilution of Precision (DOP) calculation for mission planning purposes (2009)

The Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manuals (JMEM) were developed by the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness (JTCG/ME) to provide a set of data and methodologies that would permit a standardized comparison of weapon effectiveness across all service communities. In recent years, the JMEM are being integrated into a single software program that allows users to determine the effectiveness of weapon systems against a specified target irrespective of the weapon delivery mode. As part of the upgrading effort, this thesis aims to develop a program, written in Visual C++, to automate the calculation of the Dilution of Precision (DOP) associated with the delivery accuracy of GPS guided weapon systems. The DOP values generated by the program were compared with those generated by commercial DOP calculation software for validation. The relationship between the Vertical DOP and Horizontal DOP as well as the effect of using outdated almanac information to calculate DOP values were studied. It was found that the loss of one visible satellite could cause the DOP to increase by as much as 38%.
Packet-switching network architectures for very-high-speed service (2002)

It is suggested that mesh-topology networks, deflection routing (DR), and backward learning (BL) are very attractive means for extending, to a geographical area, the services provided by LANs and MANs (local and metropolitan area networks). Unlike ring and bus topologies, mesh networks provide multiple paths between sources and destinations, which in turn offer very high connection reliability and traffic-handling capability. The DR technique switches, at locally clocked instants, the packets that are crossing the node. Address information and routing tables determine preferred outputs. If contentions occur, packets are deflected toward nonpreferred output links. Routing tables are maintained using the BL technique. Nodes following the described architecture and capable of switching packets among a few links (up to four) of equal speed (up to 1 Gb/s) can be implemented in hardware without a large technological effort. Since no packet buffering is provided in the network, control and maintenance procedures are extremely simplified with respect to classical packet-switching networks. The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated, and its throughput efficiency is shown. In particular, it has the capability to respond to consistent topology changes without appreciable delay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cytoprotective effect of free radical scavengers against mucosal damage produced by different antirheumatic drugs. (1986)

Following 200 mg aspirin, 20 mg indomethacin or 100 mg diclofenac, gastric mucosal damage was evoked after five hours in rats. By administering vitamin A, vitamin E, MTDQ (6,6-methylenebis-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline), vitamin C, lipoic acid and penicillamine intragastrically at the time of the application of the damaging agent, the authors studied the beneficial effect of these free-radical scavengers upon the mucosal lesions. Vitamin C and penicillamine exerted no significant protective effect. Among the other drugs, the most effective were the lipid-soluble ones: vitamin A, vitamin E and MTDQ. The authors hypothesized that the gastric damage may be connected with the degradation of the polyunsaturated fatty acid components of the cellular membranes and thus the lipid-soluble free radical scavengers were able to offer protection.
Design and Fabrication of Large-Area, Redundant, Stretchable Interconnect Meshes Using Excimer Laser Photoablation and <i>In Situ</i> Masking (2009)

Stretchable interconnects play an important role towards the realization of the realm of systems that include large-area sensor skins and wearable electronics. These interconnects must be reliable and robust for viability, and must be flexible, stretchable, and conformable to nonplanar surfaces for diverse applicability. This research describes the design, modeling, fabrication, and testing of stretchable interconnects on polymer substrates using metal patterns both as functional interconnect layers and as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ</i> masks for excimer laser photoablation. The fluences for photoablation of polymers are generally much lower than the threshold fluence for removal or damage of metals; thus, metal thin films that are designed as structural layers in the sensor skin can be used as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ</i> masks for polymers if the proper fluence is used. Self-aligned single-layer and multilayer interconnects of various designs (rectilinear and “meandering”) have been fabricated, and certain “meandering” interconnect designs can be stretched up to 50% uniaxially while maintaining good electrical conductivity and structural integrity. Furthermore, redundant interconnect meshes have been modeled and fabricated that increase the viability of the interconnect mesh while stretching up to 30% uniaxially and a prototype redundant interconnect mesh has been fabricated using seamless-scanning large-area fabrication techniques.
Functional Attachment of Soft Tissues to Bone: Development, Healing, and Tissue Engineering (2013)

Connective tissues such as tendons or ligaments attach to bone across a multitissue interface with spatial gradients in composition, structure, and mechanical properties. These gradients minimize stress concentrations and mediate load transfer between the soft and hard tissues. Given the high incidence of tendon and ligament injuries and the lack of integrative solutions for their repair, interface regeneration remains a significant clinical challenge. This review begins with a description of the developmental processes and the resultant structure-function relationships that translate into the functional grading necessary for stress transfer between soft tissue and bone. It then discusses the interface healing response, with a focus on the influence of mechanical loading and the role of cell-cell interactions. The review continues with a description of current efforts in interface tissue engineering, highlighting key strategies for the regeneration of the soft tissue-to-bone interface, and concludes with a summary of challenges and future directions.
Series-resonant VHF micromechanical resonator reference oscillators (2004)

Series-resonant vibrating micromechanical resonator oscillators are demonstrated using a custom-designed single-stage zero-phase-shift sustaining amplifier together with planar-processed micromechanical resonator variants with quality factors Q in the thousands that differ mainly in their power-handling capacities. The resonator variants include two 40-/spl mu/m-long 10-MHz clamped-clamped-beam (CC-beam) resonators, one of them much wider than the other so as to allow larger power-handling capacity, and a 64-/spl mu/m-diameter 60-MHz disk resonator that maximizes both Q and power handling among the resonators tested. Tradeoffs between Q and power handling are seen to be most important in setting the close-to-carrier and far-from-carrier phase noise behavior of each oscillator, although such parameters as resonant frequency and motional resistance are also important. With a 10/spl times/ higher power handling capability than the wide-width CC-beam resonator, a comparable series motional resistance, and a 45/spl times/ higher Q of 48 000, the 60-MHz wine glass resonator reference oscillator exhibits a measured phase noise of -110 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset, and -132 dBc/Hz at far-from-carrier offsets. Dividing down to 10 MHz for fair comparison with a common conventional standard, this oscillator achieves a phase noise of -125 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset, and -147 dBc/Hz at far-from-carrier offsets.
A primer of visual literacy (1973)

Responding to the need she so clearly perceives, Ms. Dondis, a designer and teacher of broad experience, has provided a beginning text for art and design students and a basic text for all other students;those who do not intend to become or designers but who need to acquire the essential skills of understanding visual communication at a time when so much information is being studied and transmitted in non-verbal modes, especially through photography and film. Understanding through seeing only seems to be an obviously intuitive process. Actually, developing the visual sense is something like learning a language, with its own special alphabet, lexicon, and syntax. People find it necessary to be verbally literate whether they are writers: or not; they should find it equally necessary to be visually literate, artists or not.This primer is designed to teach students the interconnected arts of visual communication. The subject is presented, not as a foreign language, but as a native one that the student knows but cannot yet read. The analogy provides a useful teaching method, in part because it is not overworked or too rigorously applied. This method of learning to see and read visual data has already been proved in practice, in settings ranging from Harlem to suburbia.Appropriately, the book makes some of its most telling points through visual means. Numerous illustrated examples are employed to clarify the basic elements of design (teach an alphabet), to show how they are used in simple syntactic combinations (See Jane run.), and finally, to present the meaningful synthesis of visual information that is a finished work of art (the apprehension of poetry...).
A CMOS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Biosensor Array (2010)

In this paper, we present a fully integrated biosensor 10 × 10 array in a standard complementary metal-oxide semiconducor process, which takes advantage of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We also show that this system is able to detect various biological analytes, such as DNA and proteins, in real time and without the need for molecular labels. In each pixel of this array, we implement a biocompatible Au electrode transducer and embedded sensor circuitry which takes advantage of the coherent detector to measure the impedance of the associated electrode-electrolyte interface. This chip is capable of concurrently measuring admittance values as small as 10(-8) Ω(-1) within the array with the detection dynamic range of more than 90 dB in the frequency range of 10 Hz-50 MHz.
Iron nanoparticles in situ encapsulated in biochar-based carbon as an effective catalyst for the conversion of biomass-derived syngas to liquid hydrocarbons (2013)

Biochar, a by-product from the fast pyrolysis of pine wood, was used as the support material for the synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized for physicochemical properties by multiple morphological and structural methods (e.g., SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TPD). The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process was carried out to evaluate the catalytic activity of the nanoparticles on conversion of biomass-derived synthesis gas (bio-syngas) to liquid hydrocarbons. Characterization results revealed that the nanoparticles had core–shell structures with iron in situ encapsulated within a graphitic shell. Moreover, significant amounts of iron carbide (mainly Fe3C) were formed as an interface between the carbonaceous shell and the iron core. FTS tests indicated that such carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles possessed a high activity on conversion of bio-syngas and good selectivity towards liquid hydrocarbons (of which olefins were the dominant product). Over a 1500 h testing period, the nanoparticles showed striking stability against deactivation, with CO conversion maintained at about 95% and liquid hydrocarbon selectivity at about 68%.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOMIMETIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF STEROIDS. IV. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 15α‐METHYL‐19‐NORSTEROIDS (1979)

Abstract Das DL‐Keton (VII) und der DL‐Alkohol (VIII) werden in der angegebenen Weise dargestellt.
The effects of IQPLUS Focus on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and following acute exercise (2011)

PS supplementation significantly increased cognitive function prior to exercise. Improved cognitive function could benefit athletes and non-athletes alike. PS did not appear to affect mood or endocrine response prior to or following resistance exercise.
The Infinite in Business: The Transformation of Thinking (2005)

The working hypothesis through three ideas are discussed - humanity creates its cultural realities, and ideologies, from its inner, psychic processes; the key thinking processes of business, in particular, the totalitarian-state-of-mind; and through advocating Social Dreaming and Creative Role Synthesis, as psychoanalytic methods, to rescue the mind and its subjectivity, which we are in danger of losing with the current trends of IT. By the use of these two methods, businesses would be able to develop the minds of its employees.
A GaAs HBT monolithic microwave switched-gain amplifier with +31 dB to -31 dB gain in 2 dB increments (2003)

A GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) monolithic 5-bit digital gain control amplifier is presented that was developed for use in electronic warfare receivers. The digital-control variable-gain amplifier is composed of five gain/attenuation stages and an output buffer. A current-mode logic (CML) switch selects either the high-gain differential pair or the attenuating differential pair for each of the five stages. Distributing the gain into +or-16 dB, +or-8 dB, +or-4 dB, +or-2 dB, and +or-1 dB increments achieves +or-31 dB programmability in 2-dB increments from DC to 2.25 GHz, with less than 1.6 dB RMS gain error across the band. The switched gain amplifiers were fabricated with a 3- mu m-emitter, self-aligned base ohmic metal (SABM) HBT IC fabrication process. The chip consumes 1.3 W and measures 1.2 mm*2.2 mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Knockdown in Human MCF7 ER+ Breast Cancer Cells by Nuclease-Resistant <i>IRS1</i> siRNA Conjugated To a Disulfide-Bridged <scp>d</scp>-Peptide Analogue of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (2007)

IRS-1 overexpression has been associated with breast cancer development, hormone independence and antiestrogen resistance. IRS-1 is a major downstream signaling protein for insulin and IGF1 receptors, conveying signals to PI-3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. In estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell lines, the widely used antiestrogen tamoxifen treatment reduces IRS-1 expression and function, thereby inhibiting IRS-1/PI-3K signaling. IRS-1 may serve as an alternative target to overexpressed IGF1R in breast cancer. While siRNA technology has become commonplace in many laboratories for in vitro gene knockdown studies, and in vivo stability issues are largely solved, its use in vivo is limited by an inability to efficiently and specifically deliver it to the intended site of action. We previously reported reduced survival of human MCF7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells treated with a normal IRS1 siRNA delivered by a cationic lipid, plus an additive effect in combination with tamoxifen. We now report enhanced cellular uptake, relative to the unconjugated serum-stabilized IRS1 siRNA, of a serum-stabilized IRS1 siRNA conjugated with our previously characterized peptide mimetic of IGF1, D-(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys), without the use of cationic lipids or electroporation, in MCF7 cells that overexpress IGF1R. Excess native IGF1 blocked uptake. An IRS1 siRNA cholesterol conjugate, targeted universally to cell membranes, was taken up by MCF7 cells as much as the peptide mimetic conjugate. IRS1 mRNA knockdown and IRS-1 protein knockdown were comparable for the IGF1 peptide and cholesterol conjugates. The unconjugated serum-stabilized IRS1 siRNA control showed negligible effects. Viability assays showed additive effects of siRNA treatment in combination with tamoxifen. In summary, we have taken the first step in converting an siRNA into a pharmacologically active agent for breast cancer.
Preparation of Hydrophobic Nylon Fabric (2016)

Surface roughness and surface energy are two important factors affecting the hydrophobicity of nylon fabric. In this study, nylon fabric was treated for hydrophobicity with tetrabutyltitanate (TBT) and octadecylamine (OA) which were respectively responsible for increasing surface roughness and reducing surface energy. In order to enhance the hydrophobicity, In order to further enhance hydrophobicity by increasing available reactive sites, 1,2,3,4–butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was applied as a pretreatment to the nylon fabric It was found that the carboxyl content of nylon was increased by the BTCA pretreatment. SEM images showed that the TBT treatment produced small particles on nylon fabric which made surface rough. The water contact angle of nylon fabric treated with BTCA, TBT and OA was measured to be 134°, which was much greater than the water contact angle of nylon fabric treated only with OA. This indicated that the surface roughness resulting from the TBT treatment played an important role in improving hydrophobicity of the treated nylon fabric. The resistance to water penetration and the repellency of water spray of nylon fabric treated with BTCA, TBT and OA were respectively measured to be 27.64 mbar and 85 out of 100.
Analysis of Decline Curves (1945)

Abstract Since production curtailment for other than engineering reasons is graduallydisappearing, and more and more wells are now producing at capacity and showingdeclining production rates, it was considered timely to present a brief reviewof the development of decline-curve analysis during the past three or fourdecades. Several of the commoner types of decline curves were discussed in detail andthe mathematical relationships between production rate, time, cumulativeproduction and decline percentage for each case were studied. The well-known loss-ratio method was found to be an extremely valuable toolfor statistical analysis and extrapolation of various types of curves. Atentative classification of decline curves, based on their loss ratios, wassuggested. Some new graphical methods were introduced to facilitate estimationof the future life and the future production of producing properties wherecurves are plotted on semilogarithmic paper. To facilitate graphical extrapolation of hyperbolic-type decline curves, aseries of decline charts was proposed, which will make straight-lineextrapolation of both rate-time and rate-cumulative curves possible. Introduction During the period of severe production curtailment, which is now behind us, production-decline curves lost most of their usefulness and popularity inprorated areas because the production rates of all wells, except those in thestripper class, were constant or almost constant. While production-decline curves were thus losing in importance forestimating reserves, an increasing reservoir consciousness and a betterunderstanding of reservoir performance developed among petroleum engineers.This fact, together with intelligent interpretation and use of electric logs, core-analysis data, bottom-hole pressure behavior and physical characteristicsof reservoir fluids, eliminated a considerable part of the guesswork inprevious volumetric methods and put reserve estimates, based on this method, ona sound scientific basis. At the same time, a number of ingenious substituteswere developed for the regular production-decline curve, which made it possibleto obtain an independent check on volumetric estimates in appraisal work, eventhough the production rates were constant. With the now steadily increasing demand for oil to supply the hugerequirements of this global war, proration for reasons other than prevention ofunderground waste is gradually disappearing. More and more wells are, or willbe, producing at capacity or at their optimum rates, as determined by soundengineering practice. T.P. 1758
Effect of different endothelin receptor antagonists and of the novel non‐peptide antagonist Ro 46‐2005 on endothelin levels in rat plasma (1993)

The goal of our study was to evaluate and compare the effects of receptor blockade with different endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists on plasma concentrations of ET-1, big ET-1 and ET-3 in conscious rats. Ro 46-2005 10 mg/kg, i.v.), a novel non-peptide antagonist of both ETA and ETB receptors, increased the concentrations of ET-1 in plasma to 200 +/- 13% of basal levels (P < 0.001). This effect was dose- and time-dependent and reached a maximum at 15 min. Ro 46-2005 had no effect on plasma concentrations of big ET-1 and only a minor effect on those of ET-3. In contrast to Ro 46-2005, the selective peptide ETA antagonists BQ-123 and FR-139317 had no effect on plasma ET-1 concentrations. The increase in plasma ET-1 concentrations by Ro 46-2005 was most likely not due to de novo synthesis, since big ET-1 levels were not increased and peak levels were reached early after compound injection, but perhaps to displacement of ET-1 from the ETB receptors.
Most in Military Expect Few Problems After Law's Repeal (2011)

Concerns among some active-duty service members about the effects of repealing “Don't Ask, Don't Tell” do not appear to reflect the experience of military members who have served side by side with gay soldiers.
Sommetider hjælper et lille skub (2021)

Corona: Fra sparsomt fremmøde på DTU Bibliotek til befolkede online-kurser