gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methodology for RFI Immune Wireless Platforms: RFI Predictive Modeling (2007)

In this paper, a systemic approach is presented to evaluate wireless platform performance early in the design cycle given the anticipated presence of radio frequency interference (RFI). By applying this methodology, sensitivity due to architecture choices such as: platform materials, component layout, and RFI reduction techniques can be evaluated and thereby lead to innovative platform designs.
Comparison of the Spike Precursor Sequences of Coronavirus IBV Strains M41 and 6/82 with that of IBV Beaudette (1986)

The nucleotide sequences of the spike precursor genes of infectious bronchitis virus strains M41 and 6/82 have been determined and compared with that of the Beaudette strain which we have previously sequenced. The two Massachusetts strains, M41 and Beaudette, were found to be remarkably similar, having only 3.7% of the amino acids different. The situation with 6/82, one of the new field isolates, is quite different and this strain had 13.8% of its amino acids different from Beaudette. The differences identified are discussed in terms of the structural features of the spike protein.
Capacity enhancements in a TDMA system (2002)

Results from simulations of adaptive channel allocation (ACA) combined with power control (PC) are presented. The simulated system conforms with the TIA standard IS-54. The results show that the tested algorithms would double the capacity compared to a system using fixed channel allocation (FCA) without power control.
[An amino acid substitution determining G1m(x) allotypic marker]. (1989)

We confirmed the amino acid substitution responsible for G1m(x) allotypic marker, which was estimated by Cook & Steinberg (Mol. Immunol. 16:555-558 (1979), by primary structure analysis of the C-terminal BrCN peptide from normal human IgG1 carrying G1m(x+) or G1m(x-). The results indicate that IgG1 carrying G1m(x) have glycine instead of alanine at position 431 (Eu numbering). And we discussed the epitope on tertiary structure of IgG1-Fc fragment.
On-Line Fuel Deoxygenation for Coke Suppression ASME GT-2002-30071 (2002)

Fuel deoxygenation is being developed as a means for suppressing autoxidative coke formation in aircraft fuel systems, thereby increasing the exploitable cooling capacity of the fuel, enabling major increases in engine operating temperature and cycle efficiency. Reduced maintenance is an added benefit. A prototype membrane filter module for on-line removal of dissolved oxygen, which would otherwise react to form coke precursors, was constructed and successfully demonstrated. The fuel flows over the membrane, while oxygen diffuses through it at a rate that is proportional to the difference in oxygen partial pressures across the surface. Tests were conducted over a range of fuel flow rates (residence times) and temperatures. The filter was operated with air-saturated jet fuel for several hours at a steady-state condition, verifying the capability to remove essentially all of the dissolved oxygen (to < 1 ppm) and proving the viability of the concept.
Increased levels of p21ras-GTP and enhanced DNA synthesis accompany elevated tyrosyl phosphorylation of GAP-associated proteins, p190 and p62, in c-src overexpressors. (1993)

While examining the role of pp60c-src in cellular proliferation, we found that overexpression of c-src in C3H10T1/2 murine fibroblasts results in an augmented mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) [Luttrell, D.K., Luttrell, L.M. & Parsons, S.J. (1988). Mol. Cell. Biol., 8, 497-501; Wilson, L.K., Luttrell, D.K., Parsons, S.J. (1989). Mol. Cell. Biol., 9, 1536-1544] and enhanced tyrosyl phosphorylation of specific cellular proteins [Wilson, L.K. & Parsons, S.J. (1990). 5, 1471-1480]. Here we identify two of these proteins as the GAP (GTPase-activating protein of p21ras)-associated proteins, p190 and p62. Evidence is presented to support the notion that, in 10T1/2 fibroblasts, p190 is a preferred substrate of pp60c-src, while p62 is preferentially phosphorylated by the EGF receptor. First, the phosphotyrosine content of p190 in quiescent cells is three- to fivefold higher in c-src overexpressors than in control cells and is not altered by growth factor treatment. In contrast, tyrosyl phosphorylation of p62 is undetectable in quiescent cells and transiently observable upon EGF addition. Second, the phosphotyrosine content of p190 in cells overexpressing defective pp60c-src is reduced in comparison with wild-type (wt) c-src overexpressors, while that of p62 is significantly less affected. Further studies revealed that tyrosyl phosphorylation of p190 and p62 is not required for GAP complex formation, as equal amounts of p190 and p62 proteins could be detected in GAP complexes from wt and variant c-src overexpressors both before and after EGF stimulation. However, analysis of GTP-bound p21ras revealed higher basal and EGF-stimulated levels in c-src overexpressors than in control cells. Taken together, these results suggest that one mechanism by which pp60c-src may contribute to early events in the EGF-induced mitogenic pathway in 10T1/2 fibroblasts is by increasing the level of GAP-associated p190 and p62 tyrosyl phosphorylation, which in turn results in higher levels of p21ras-GTP.
Association of Pepsin with Type II Collagen (CII) Breaks Control of CII Autoimmunity and Triggers Development of Arthritis in Rats (1993)

Lewis rats develop arthritis after immunization with heterologous but not homologous rat type II collagen (CII). We have observed that if the rat CII is prepared by pepsin digestion without subsequent extensive purification, it is arthritogenic in Lewis rats. To address whether pepsin in the CII preparations contributed to the development of arthritis and whether this was associated with the induction of an immune response to CII, Lewis rats were immunized with rat CII of various degrees of purity and with various pepsin contents. After immunization with a crude preparation of CII, containing relatively large amounts of pepsin, Lewis rats developed arthritis with an incidence of 80% together with a strong anti-CII autoantibody production. Further purification of the CII on DEAE-Sepharose, which removes pepsin, eliminated the arthritogenic properties and the capacity to activate CII-specific B cells. Likewise, lathyritic CII, prepared without pepsin, induced neither a CII-specific immune response nor arthritis. If, however, pepsin was added to non-arthritogenic batches of rat CII, arthritis appeared at an incidence of 40%. By using an ELISPOT technique to detect antigen-specific interferon-gamma-producing T cells and antibody-producing B cells, the immune response to CII and pepsin can be evaluated. Eleven days after immunization with lathyritic CII and pepsin, a B-cell response towards both CII and pepsin was seen. Pepsin-specific T cells were also seen at day 11, but CII-specific T cells did not appear until day 14 after immunization. In addition, a weak CII-specific proliferative response of the T cells could be demonstrated at day 14 but not at day 11 or 12. These data show that pepsin plays an important role in the triggering of a CII-specific immune response. We suggest a carrier-hapten mechanism where pepsin acts as a carrier and CII as a 'hapten' which will activate CII-specific B cells. Subsequently these CII-specific B cells will break the T-cell tolerance and evoke a T-cell-mediated immune response towards CII.
Rhizobium meliloti genes required for C4-dicarboxylate transport and symbiotic nitrogen fixation are located on a megaplasmid (1988)

A mutant of Rhizobium meliloti unable to transport C4 dicarboxylates (dct) was isolated after Tn5 mutagenesis. The mutant, 4F6, could not grow on aspartate or the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates succinate, fumarate, or malate. It produced symbiotically ineffective nodules on Medicago sativa in which bacteroids appeared normal, but the symbiotic zone was reduced and the plant cells contained numerous starch granules at their peripheries. Cosmids containing the dct region were obtained by selecting those which restored the ability of 4F6 to grow on succinate. The Tn5 insertion in 4F6 was found to be within a 5.9-kilobase (kb) EcoRI fragment common to the complementing cosmids. Site-specific Tn5-mutagenesis revealed dct genes in a segment of DNA about 4 kb in size extending from within the 5.9-kb EcoRI fragment into an adjacent 2.9-kb EcoRI fragment. The 4F6 mutation was found to be in a complementation group in which mutations yielded a Fix- phenotype, whereas other dct mutations in the region resulted in mutants which produced effective nodules in most, although not all, plant tests (partially Fix-). The dct region was found to be located on a megaplasmid known to carry genes required for exopolysaccharide production.
Fire Performance of Ultra-Low Density Fiberboard (ULDF) with Complex Fire-Retardants (2016)

To clarify how the fire performance of ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF) can be improved by complex fire-retardants, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and microstructure of ULDFs with different additive amounts of complex fire-retardants was analyzed. The char yield, chemical bonding, and thermostability of ULDFs treated by different temperatures were also tested. Results showed that the LOI values and compactness of ULDFs were increased with increased amounts of fire-retardants. Three steps of char yield curves in control fiberboard (CF) and mixed fiberboard (MF) were apparent. The preliminary degradation in lignin and cellulose of CF occurred at 300 °C. The cellulose had completely decomposed at 400 °C, but in the case of MF, the lignin and cellulose were not completely decomposed at 400 °C. It was shown that there are different ways to improve the fire resistance of ULDF using boron, nitrogen-phosphorus, silica, and halogen-based fire-retardants. The fiberboard with silicium compounds had the lowest mass loss in three stages and total mass loss. Compared with CF, MF had a lower mass loss. Furthermore, the exothermic peak for MF at around 400.0 °C was decreased, indicating that the fire resistance of ULDF was improved by the complex fire-retardants.
University of Glasgow at TREC2004: Experiments in Web, Robust and Terabyte tracks with Terrier (2004)

With our participation in TREC2004, we test Terrier, a modular and scalable Information Retrieval framework, in three tracks. For the mixed query task of the Web track, we employ a decision mechanism for selecting appropriate retrieval approaches on a per-query basis. For the robust track, in order to cope with the poorlyperforming queries, we use two pre-retrieval performance predictors and a weighting function recommender mechanism. We also test a new training approach for the automatic tuning of the term frequency normalisation parameters. In the Terabyte track, we employ a distributed version of Terrier and test the effectiveness of techniques, such as using the anchor text, query expansion and selecting an optimal weighting model for each query. Overall, in all three tracks we participated, Terrier and the tested Divergence From Randomness models were shown to be stable and effective. 1
Ultrasonic Measurement of Case Depth in Case Hardened Steels. Evaluation of Feasibility for the Ultrasonic Measurement of Case Depth in Case Hardened Steels. (1982)

Abstract : Various methods have been proposed for measuring case depth in case hardened steels. Each mehtod as described in past literature is restricted in practical application due to problems in area localization, geometry, sensitivity, compositional changes due to carbon and/or nitrogen gradients formed during the hardening process.
Evaluation of phase fluctuations of orthogonal optical eigen modes guided in an axially vibrating birefringent single-mode fiber (1990)

An optical heterodyne correlation-processing system is devised to process the phase fluctuations of the orthogonal linearly polarized two-frequency components guided in a length of axially vibrating birefringent single-mode fiber. Two wideband phase demodulators make it possible to take out separately both of the phase fluctuations of the two-frequency components from two generated beat photocurrents. The processing system provides the spectrum, the correlation, and the transfer function, as well as the coherency for the mechanically induced phase fluctuations. The phase-fluctuation characteristics and the system linearity are evaluated in terms of the statistical functions and the parameters obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Driving towards 2020: Automotive radar technology trends (2015)

In the last few years automotive radar has been transformed from being a niche sensor to becoming standard even in middle-class cars. With Euro-NCAP ratings now requiring automated braking and pedestrian safety functionality, radar is often identified as the best suited sensor for this purpose. Additionally, future automated driving will require detailed and highly reliable information on the environment and surrounding street traffic. This requires radar sensors to provide more detailed information about the environment, foremost in the spatial domain. Automotive radar has always benefited significantly from technological advances, especially in semiconductor technology and packaging, allowing a better performance and much more functionality in the radar frontend. A second key area is the antenna system, where new concepts to acquire more information about signals reflected from the environment can significantly improve resolution and detection performance.
Limb Immobilization Induces a Coordinate Down-Regulation of Mitochondrial and Other Metabolic Pathways in Men and Women (2009)

Advancements in animal models and cell culture techniques have been invaluable in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate muscle atrophy. However, few studies have examined muscle atrophy in humans using modern experimental techniques. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in global gene transcription during immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in humans and then explore the effects of the most prominent transcriptional alterations on protein expression and function. Healthy men and women (N = 24) were subjected to two weeks of unilateral limb immobilization, with muscle biopsies obtained before, after 48 hours (48 H) and 14 days (14 D) of immobilization. Muscle cross sectional area (approximately 5%) and strength (10-20%) were significantly reduced in men and women (approximately 5% and 10-20%, respectively) after 14 D of immobilization. Micro-array analyses of total RNA extracted from biopsy samples at 48 H and 14 D uncovered 575 and 3,128 probes, respectively, which were significantly altered during immobilization. As a group, genes involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics and carbohydrate metabolism were predominant features at both 48 H and 14 D, with genes involved in protein synthesis and degradation significantly down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively, at 14 D of muscle atrophy. There was also a significant decrease in the protein content of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, and the enzyme activity of cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase after 14 D of immobilization. Furthermore, protein ubiquitination was significantly increased at 48 H but not 14 D of immobilization. These results suggest that transcriptional and post-transcriptional suppression of mitochondrial processes is sustained throughout 14 D of immobilization, while protein ubiquitination plays an early but transient role in muscle atrophy following short-term immobilization in humans.
Improved GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum wells through the use of thin superlattice buffers (1984)

In general, single GaAs quantum wells surrounded by AlxGa1−xAs cladding layers show only weak photoluminescence corresponding to exciton recombination. This is attributed to the poor quality of the AlGaAs in the lower cladding layer resulting in a degraded interface and poor GaAs in the quantum well. The situation gets worse when the thickness of the bottom AlGaAs layer is increased, the GaAs thickness is reduced, or the Al mole fraction is increased. Using a graded three-period superlattice ahead of the quantum well causes the intensity of the photoluminescence associated with exciton recombination to increase to more than 160 times that associated with the conventional structure. This exciton recombination peak is due to either very shallow bound or free-electron recombination and has a full width at half-maximum of only 2 meV.
The physical state of the negative strand of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C. (1994)

Negative strands of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome (a positive-stranded RNA virus) have been found in a nuclease-resistant form in the serum of patients with HCV infections. We determined whether a complete negative-strand copy is present in the serum, whether the negative strand is particle-associated, and finally, whether it is virion-associated and encapsidated like the positive (genomic) strand. Isopyknic sucrose and cesium chloride density ultracentrifugation followed by a strand-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on the collected fractions was performed to determine whether both positive and negative strands were associated with similar particles. Both strands comigrated to approximately the same density (1.11-1.16 g/cm3) in sucrose. After treatment of the plasma with detergent (0.1% Nonidet P-40) to remove the viral envelope and centrifugation on cesium chloride gradients, the positive strands shifted to a density of 1.35 g/cm3, and the negative strands were not detected. By using antibodies specific for the HCV core or envelope glycoproteins E1 or E2 coated onto the wells of a microtiter plate, it was possible to specifically bind HCV or viral cores to the solid phase. Pelleted virus particles were resuspended in either PBS or PBS with 0.1% Nonidet P-40 to expose the core. These pellets were then incubated in antibody-coated microtiter wells. RNA extracted from the bound and unbound fractions was tested for HCV RNA. The anti-core antibody was able to bind positive strands but not negative strands only in detergent-treated samples. In the nondetergent-treated pellets, the anti-E1 and -E2 bound the positive strand, but only anti-E1 bound the negative strands. These findings indicate that while both strands of HCV RNA can be detected in serum, the positive strand is encapsidated within the enveloped core, and the negative strand appears to be in a membrane particle associated with the viral envelope protein E1 but does not appear to be within the HCV core of circulating virions.
Design and Implementation of Hybrid Broadcast Authentication Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

The proposed broadcast authentication protocols for wireless sensor networks can be divided into two categories, protocols based on digital signature and protocols based on improved message authentication code. This paper implements and evaluates the performance of two broadcast authentication: TinyECC, which is based on ECDSA, and GBA, which is based on improved MAC. Through analysis of the performance difference of the two protocols, this paper proposes a hybrid broadcast authentication protocol (HBA). HBA achieves an appropriate compromise of security and performance according to packet value. The analysis and experiments show that HBA is efficient and practical.
PP.26.26 (2015)

Objective: Catheter based ablation of nerves in the adventitia of renal arteries (renal denervation, RDN) by the use of radiofrequency energy can reduce blood pressure (BP) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH). Occurrence of renal artery stenosis after RDN is still an important concern. We systematically investigated the renal artery anatomy by the use of MRI- or CT-angiography in a consecutive series of patients 6 months after RDN. Design and method: Patients suffering from RAH were treated by RDN after exclusion of secondary causes of hypertension. Renal artery imaging was performed 6 months after RDN by MRI-angiography. In case of any contraindication for MRI, a CT-angiography was performed. The primary endpoint was the incidence of significant renal artery stenosis (>70% lumen diameter reduction). Lumen diameter reductions between 50 and 70% were defined as non-significant stenosis. Results: RDN was performed in 76 patients and evaluation of renal artery anatomy by MRI- (n = 66;86.8%) or CT-angiography (n = 10;13.2%) was performed in all patients 6 months after RDN. Mean office BP was 165.1 ± 19.8 / 88.3 ± 13.5 mmHg at baseline and decreased to 149.5 ± 18.4 / 82.8 ± 13.9 mmHg after 6 months (p < 0.001/p = 0.01). In 49 patients (65%), we found a BP reduction of more than 10mmHg. In these responders, BP reduction was –30.2/-13.7 mmHg. By renal artery imaging, we found no renal artery stenosis (>70%), but two cases with new non-significant stenosis (50–70%). Conclusions: The incidence of significant renal artery stenosis 6 months after RDN seems to be low.
Tumor-Promoting Activity of Extracts of Unburned Tobacco (1964)

Both an aqueous Balpha(OH)(2) extract and an acetone-benzene extract of unburned cigarette tobacco produced skin tumors when painted on mice previously treated with 125 microg of7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. The extract from as little as 0.5 cigarette per day was effective. The data are of interest in connection with epidemiological evidence that tobacco chewing is a cause of oral cancer. The data also suggest that tumor-promoting agents in cigarette smokemay have their source in the unburned tobacco
Tactile and kinaesthetic feedback in virtual environments (1995)

Virtual reality technology has great potential for design for assembly, disassembly and maintenance but such manipulation tasks by their very nature involve tactile and kinaesthetic interaction. Consequently, a new generation of tools needs to be developed to provide the appropriate tactilelkinaesthetic feedback to the user in order to complement the traditional visual technology. Three feedback devices will be described arising from research supported by the EPSRC and BRITE-EURAM. (1) A 2½-D programmable surface using shape-memory alloy wires. (2) A surface with programmable compliance using electro-rheological fluids. Haptic searching over the surface gives the illusion of the presence of an object. (3) The Reactabot™ , a robot-like device which provides force feedback to the user and is programmed to mimic the dynamic characteristics of the virtual object and its interaction both with the virtual environment and the operator.
A new self-reference sensing scheme for TLC MRAM (2015)

Density is one of the major design factors of magnetic random access memory (MRAM). Very recently, a tri-level cell (TLC) structure was proposed to enhance the storage density of MRAM. In this work, we propose a new self-reference sensing scheme for the TLC MRAM cell based on its unique property called state ordering. Simulation results show that compared to conventional design, our proposed self-reference scheme achieves on average 61% saving on sensing delay while also demonstrating significantly enhanced resilience to device parametric variations.