gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Oxazolidines, Thiazolidines, and 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>,3<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[1,2-<i>c</i>]oxazole (or thiazole)-1,3-diones from β-Hydroxy- or β-Mercapto-α-amino Acid Esters (1981)

Abstract 2-Aryl-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxazolidines and thiazolidines (1) were prepared from the corresponding α-amino acid ethyl esters containing either hydroxyl or mercapto groups in the β-position by fusion with some aromatic aldehydes. Dehydrogenation of 1 with N-bromosuccinimide gave the corresponding oxazoles and thiazoles. The oxazolidines and thiazolidines gave Mannich bases on interaction with p-nitrobenzaldehyde and piperidine. Acetylation of 1 gave the corresponding N-acetylderivatives, which on fusion in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 undergo cyclization, giving the corresponding bicyclic compounds, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazole (or thiazole)-1,3-diones.
A low-power, high-speed, current-feedback op-amp with a novel Class AB high current output stage (1997)

A complementary bipolar low-power, high-speed, current-feedback operational amplifier is described. The amplifier incorporates a new Class AB output stage that enables high output current drive of 100 mA and large voltage swing within 1 V of the supply rails while operating at low quiescent current of 1.5 mA. The amplifier was fabricated in a junction-isolated complementary bipolar process with NPN/PNP f/sub t/ of 4.5/3.8 GHz. The amplifier, configured for noninverting gain of two and 100-/spl Omega/ load, provides 3-dB bandwidth of 110 MHz and 2-V pulse rise time of 7 ns.
On the existence of and mechanism for microwave-specific reaction rate enhancement (2015)

The use of microwave radiation to drive chemical reactions has become ubiquitous in almost all fields of chemistry. In all of these areas it is principally due to rapid and convenient heating resulting in significantly higher rates of reaction, with other advantages including enhanced product selectivity and control of materials properties. Although microwave heating continues to grow as an enabling technology, fundamental research into the nature of microwave heating has not grown at the same rate. In the case of chemical reactions run in homogeneous solution, particularly synthetic organic reactions, there is considerable controversy over the origins of rate enhancement, with a fundamental question being whether there exist microwave-specific effects, distinct from what can be attained under conventional convective heating, that can accelerate a reaction rate. In this Perspective, we discuss unique aspects of microwave heating of molecules in solution and discuss the origin and nature of microwave-specific effects arising from the process of "selective heating" of reactants in solution. Integral to this discussion is work from the field of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, which provides a model for selective heating by Debye relaxation processes. The Perspective also includes a critical discussion of hypotheses of non-thermal effects (alternatively classified here as resonant processes) and an outline of specific reaction parameters for chemical systems in which microwave-specific Debye relaxation processes can result in observable reaction rate enhancement.
Treatment with Haematin in Acute Hepatic Porphyria (1981)

We report our experience with intravenous haematin in the treatment of 13 attacks of acute porphyria in eight patients. Seven patients had acute intermittent porphyria and one variegate porphyria. Peripheral neuropathy was a feature of nine of the attacks and in two the neuropathy necessitated assisted ventilation. The haematin lowered the urinary excretion of porphyrins and precursors in all patients by approximately 50 per cent of the pre-haematin values. It also repressed the activity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase, the rate-controlling enzyme of haem biosynthesis, in peripheral leucocytes in seven of the nine patients in whom it was monitored. The clinical response was less consistent, with clinical improvement accompanying only half of the courses. The two patients with respiratory paralysis died. There was localized phlebitis at the injection site following five of the courses but no other side-effects were noted. Previously published reports of haematin therapy for acute porphyria are reviewed. These consist of 45 courses in 32 patients. Biochemical improvement was a consistent finding. Clinical response has been less consistent. Twenty-four of the courses were associated with sustained improvement, ten with temporary improvement--relapse occurring within two to 14 days (three fatal). In eleven there was no improvement and three died.
Declarative languages and program transformation for programming parallel systems: A case study (1990)

Abstract There are many problems associated with current methodologies employed for the development and maintenance of efficient computer systems. This has lead to an interest in both declarative programming languages and parallel computer architectures. These two areas can be combined to produce effective systems by the use of new program development philosophies. In particular, the mathematical basis and inherent parallelism of declarative languages enable formal techniques to be adopted for the development of programs tailored towards parallel machines. This paper provides an overview of one such methodology developed at Imperial College (IC) and presents a case study that illustrates its operation, using the IC Programming/Transformation Environment, and quantifies its benefits using performance prediction equations together with the results of experiments carried out on the ALICE parallel machine.
Hemeoxygenase-1 inhibits human myometrial contractility via carbon monoxide and is upregulated by progesterone during pregnancy. (1998)

Nitric oxide was proposed as an endogenous inhibitor of myometrial contractility during pregnancy. Carbon monoxide (CO) like nitric oxide increases cGMP and is generated during the degradation of heme to biliverdin IX by hemeoxygenases (HO). Here we report that the expression of both HO-1 (inducible) and HO-2 (constitutive) were > 15-fold higher in pregnant myometrium compared to nonpregnant myometrium (n = 4, P < 0.001, P < 0.005, respectively). Moreover, the activation of the HO-CO pathway by the HO inducer, hemin (10 microM), completely inhibited spontaneous contractility (n = 3). Oxytocin-stimulated contractions (n = 5) were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in myometrial strips mounted for isometric recording under 2 g tension in Krebs solution. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA encoding HO-1 and HO-2 was undetected in explant cultures of nonlaboring pregnant myometrium under basal conditions, however, exposure to progesterone, but not estradiol-17beta, induced the expression of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNAs. Progesterone also significantly induced HO-1 protein synthesis (n = 4, P < 0.001) while estradiol-17beta had no effect (n = 4). In term (37-42-wk gestation) nonlaboring myometrial explants, CO production was stimulated by progesterone (10(-6) M) (n = 2) and hemin (10 microM) (n = 3) after 2 h of incubation and the effect of hemin was inhibited by 1 h of preincubation with the HO inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX (20 microM). This study clearly demonstrates the expression of HO in the human myometrium and shows that its induction produces CO that limits uterine contractility in pregnant myometrium indicating a role for the HO-CO-cGMP pathway in the maintenance of the quiescent state of the uterus during pregnancy.
FutureSelf: Reflections on a Personal Future Simulation System (2009)

An unprecedented amount of personal information is stored in the networked virtual environments. These digitized life patterns, consisting of the records of past and present, could be utilized by an intelligent future simulation system to produce unique personal future forecasts. Through such a system the images of future would become more concrete, more accessible, more informative and even entertaining. Consequently, such a system would potentially change the whole conception of the future and its dimensions.\n\nThis study focuses on the interplay of physical and non-physical existence as it explores how the conceptions of virtuality, identity and time are combined in the practices of digital networked environments. Based on this analysis, I present the concept of FutureSelf, a personal future simulation service, that generates valid, informative and accessible personal future forecasts in the form of entertaining digital simulations.\n\nAs a whole, the work is an artistically and theoretically orientated qualitative study combining methods and techniques of qualitative research and concept design. The insights and ideas deriving from diverse scientific discourses (media research, philosophy, design tradition, futures studies) are brought together to illuminate the emerging new possibilities and qualities of digital environments. The presented reflections are relevant for further analysis and development of the digital experiences and future simulations.
New TCE-matched glass-ceramic multi-chip module. II. Materials, mechanical, and thermal aspects (2003)

For pt.I see ibid., p.647-51 (1989). A glass-ceramic multichip packaging technology is discussed. The module substrate material is a glass-ceramic (Corning 9641), which can be TCE (thermal coefficient of expansion) matched to silicon (3.4 p.p.m./ degrees C) and possesses a low dielectric constant
Searching for autolysin functions. Characterization of a pneumococcal mutant deleted in the lytA gene (1986)

The first mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae showing a complete deletion in the lytA gene coding for the N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase has been isolated and characterized. This amidase was previously the only autolysin detected in this species. This mutant shows a normal growth rate and can be transformed using either chromosomal or plasmid DNA. The most remarkable biological consequences of the absence of the amidase are the formation of small chains (six to eight cells) and the absence of lysis in the stationary phase of growth. In addition, this mutant exhibits a tolerant response against the beta-lactam antibiotics.
Intelligent Vehicles Oriented Lane Detection Approach under Bad Road Scene (2009)

Lane detection is one of fundamental but critical problems for lane following system of intelligent vehicles. However, a robust and cost effective approach is still a deserve exploit issue. A novel and effective approach using a five steps scheme is presents. First, Canny detector is used to obtain edge map from the road image acquired from monocular camera mount on vehicle; Second, a matching process is conducted to normalize the potential candidates of road line or boundary; Third, a searching procession is utilized for reinforce potential road lines while degraded those impossible ones; Forth, a linking condition is investigated to further enhance the confidence of the potential lane lines; Finally, a k-means cluster based algorithm is employed to localize the lane lines, in this step, false edges will be rejection and only optimal lines will be accepted. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve robust and effective localize the lane line in various bad road scenes, and has a better generalize capability with road types.
Activation of boron-dopant atoms in ion-implanted diamonds (1988)

Different ratios of boron to carbon ions were implanted into diamond maintained at liquid-nitrogen temperature. After implantation, the diamonds were heated to 500 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C by dropping them onto a platform situated in a vertical tube furnace, and then annealed for 1 h. This was followed by a further anneal at 1200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in an argon atmosphere. It was found that under suitable conditions optical and electrical properties could be obtained which correlated with those found in natural semiconducting diamond. Thermally activated electrical conduction could, for instance, be established at an activation energy of \ensuremath{\sim}0.37 eV, which corresponds to the value measured for substitutional boron acceptors in diamond. Owing to the annealing cycle used, a relatively large amount of products resulting from radiation damage remained, which, in the carbon-ion-implanted diamond, manifested itself by increased optical absorption at short wavelengths. The results indicate that the product responsible for this absorption may be acting as a donor center situated at about 4 eV below the conduction band. Thermal electromotive-force measurements correlate with the movement of holes in the valence band.
Cooperative Web Browsing for Mobile Phones (2007)

This paper advocates a novel approach for web browsing on mobile phones based on cooperation among mobile phones within close proximity. In the actual state of the art, mobile phones can access the Web using different cellular technologies such as GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and others. Following the state of the art, higher data rates can only be achieved by increasing complexity, price and energy consumption of the phones. Therefore we propose a novel disruptive architecture where mobile phones are grouped together in clusters using a short range communication such as Bluetooth, sharing their cellular links. In case a mobile phone within the cluster requests a web page, the cellular links of all the devices in the cluster are used to download pieces of the page. When the individual download of partial information is completed, the data is sent to the requesting phone via Bluetooth where the web page is built up and shown to the user. Throughout the paper it will be shown that better performance is achieved in terms of an increased data rate and user experience doing web browsing on mobile phones can be highly improved.
BNIP3 Protein Suppresses PINK1 Kinase Proteolytic Cleavage to Promote Mitophagy (2016)

Mutations in PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) cause early onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD). PINK1 accumulates on the outer membrane of damaged mitochondria followed by recruiting parkin to promote mitophagy. Here, we demonstrate that BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), a mitochondrial BH3-only protein, interacts with PINK1 to promote the accumulation of full-length PINK1 on the outer membrane of mitochondria, which facilitates parkin recruitment and PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Inactivation of BNIP3 in mammalian cells promotes PINK1 proteolytic processing and suppresses PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Hypoxia-induced BNIP3 expression results in increased expression of full-length PINK1 and mitophagy. Consistently, expression of BNIP3 in Drosophila suppresses muscle degeneration and the mitochondrial abnormality caused by PINK1 inactivation. Together, the results suggest that BNIP3 plays a vital role in regulating PINK1 mitochondrial outer membrane localization, the proteolytic process of PINK1 and PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy under physiological conditions. Functional up-regulation of BNIP3 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to suppress the progression of PD.
O2–05–03: Stable trimeric A‐beta peptides: Potential vaccine immunogens to prevent ADDL‐triggered memory deficits (2007)

The picture of Alzheimer's disease has changed dramatically over the past decade, as emerging data now implicate amyloid β-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) as the key memory-compromising molecules responsible for AD. We now understand that ADDLs assemble from elevated Aβ42, and they selectively attack dendritic spine receptors on a subset of neurons. The ensuing signals disrupt long-term potentiation (LTP), leading to compromised learning and memory. In connection with our collaborative ADDL-directed therapeutic antibody program, we developed novel trimeric Aβ peptide immunogens capable of generating antibodies with potent ADDL assembly blocking activity. This study targets the design and pre-clinical development of trimeric vaccine immunogens that trigger production of selective ADDL assembly-blocking antibodies, without accompanying anti-monomer or anti-fibril antibodies. We have deployed molecular dynamics and 2D NMR studies to reveal key structural aspects of stable Aβ analog trimers, allowing design of vaccine immunogens with optimized properties. Several novel trimeric immunogens are capable of triggering polyclonal antibodies with potent ADDL assembly blocking activity and minimal anti-monomer activity. Studies are continuing to generate an optimized IND-candidate immunogen. We have demonstrated the feasibility of generating vaccine immunogens that generate a trimer-specific, ADDL assembly blocking immune response. We believe that vaccines targeting Aβ trimers will be highly effective AD therapeutics with great potential to prevent AD.
Optimal Interception of Evasive Missile Warheads: Numerical Solution of the Differential Game (2008)

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Lifetime diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage in an infant with meningococcal infection (2010)

The generalized forms of meningococcal infection are a serious health care problem. Fulminant meningococcemia is a form of infection with extremely rapid progression and high mortality, which more frequently occurs in infants of the first year of life. Autopsy study revealed bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (hemorrhagic necrosis). Acute adrenal insufficiency requires the administration of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) in particularly severe forms of meningococcemia. However, it is unadvisable to use GCS in patients with infectious toxic shock in the absence of adrenal insufficiency as it fails to affect survival in the early period and increases death rates in the late period due to the fact that superinfections may develop. Ultrasonography may be useful in detecting adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis in a patient with meningococcal infection just on his/her admission and in making an immediate decision to initiate GCS therapy. The paper describes a case of the lifetime diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage in a paper with fulminant meningococcemia.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Amorphous Germanium (1967)

Measurements of density, optical absorption, resistivity, photoconductivity, and Hall effect have been made on amorphous Ge films ranging in thickness from 1 to 23 \ensuremath{\mu}. The density was found to be 3.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. The absorption coefficient (measured at room temperature) was found to be exponential from 0.6 to 1.1 eV with a slope of 0.14 eV. Resistivity was determined to be 300 \ensuremath{\Omega} cm at room temperature with an activation energy of 0.15 eV. The activation energy at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K was about 0.02 eV. The spectral response of dc photoconductivity (measured at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) showed a maximum at 1.5 eV, which may correspond to intrinsic transitions. The Hall measurement gave a value for carrier concentration (at room temperature) of ${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and a Hall mobility of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V sec. The sign of the Hall constant was negative. The optical measurements (both in this study and the work of Glass and Tauc et al.) suggest that much of the band structure is retained in the amorphous phase. There is an apparent contradiction, however, in that the resistivity and Hall measurements suggest transport via localized states, whereas the absorption data of Tauc et al. indicate bands of nonlocalized states.
Surfactant Protein A Decreases Lung Injury and Mortality after Murine Marrow Transplantation (2002)

Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a collectin associated with surfactant lipids, can have immune modulatory effects. We hypothesized that exogenous and basal endogenous SP-A can function to suppress donor T-cell-dependent inflammation that occurs during the generation of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Wild-type and SP-A-deficient mice were conditioned with cyclophosphamide and lethal irradiation and then given allogeneic donor bone marrow plus inflammation-inducing spleen T cells. On Day 7 after BMT, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from SP-A-deficient mice contained increased numbers of inflammatory cells and higher levels of proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and nitric oxide than wild-type mice. Exaggerated inflammation in SP-A-deficient mice was associated with decreased dynamic lung compliance and increased donor T-cell-dependent mortality (P = 0.0007, n = 10). Nitrative stress in alveolar macrophages from SP-A(-/-)-conditioned BMT recipients was higher than for SP-A(+/+) mice. Similarly, mice treated with transtracheal human SP-A (50 micro g), instilled on Day 4 after BMT during a time of in vivo donor T cell activation, exhibited decreased inflammation and improved early survival compared with buffer-instilled mice. We concluded that basal endogenous SP-A and enhanced alveolar SP-A level modulate donor T-cell-dependent immune responses and prolong survival after allogeneic BMT.
Scoring Probabilistic Forecasts: The Importance of Being Proper (2007)

Abstract Questions remain regarding how the skill of operational probabilistic forecasts is most usefully evaluated or compared, even though probability forecasts have been a long-standing aim in meteorological forecasting. This paper explains the importance of employing proper scores when selecting between the various measures of forecast skill. It is demonstrated that only proper scores provide internally consistent evaluations of probability forecasts, justifying the focus on proper scores independent of any attempt to influence the behavior of a forecaster. Another property of scores (i.e., locality) is discussed. Several scores are examined in this light. There is, effectively, only one proper, local score for probability forecasts of a continuous variable. It is also noted that operational needs of weather forecasts suggest that the current concept of a score may be too narrow; a possible generalization is motivated and discussed in the context of propriety and locality.
Prostate-Specific Antigen and the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer (2002)

With digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a major screening tool for prostate cancer. PSA is specific for the prostate, but not for prostate cancer. Multiple factors influence PSA value. Determination of PSA levels is not 100% sensitive for prostate cancer, as PSA levels may be normal despite presence of prostate cancer. The cutoff value for PSA of 4.0 ng/mL gives the highest sensitivity and highest specificity. Several modifications of PSA testing have been developed and may be beneficial for select populations. Uncertainty about the natural progression of prostate cancer and inherent limitations of PSA testing make it unclear whether universal screening is beneficial, and the recommendations of various organizations conflict. Randomized studies are in progress to address the role of PSA testing and of modifications of this test in the early detection of prostate cancer.
RESPONSES TO RACE DIFFERENCES IN CRIME (1992)

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