gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Node synchronization technique for any 1/n rate convolutional code (2002)

A node synchronization technique which applies in general to any 1/n rate convolutional code is described. The proposed method makes statistical decisions about node synchronisation based on the hard-quantized undecoded data stream. It is based on a node synchronisation scheme previously suggested by G. Lorden et al. (1984) for the standard rate 1/2, constraint length 7, convolutional code. Two examples illustrating the generalized synchronisation technique for code rates 1/3 and 1/4 are given. Particularly, it is shown that the performance of the method is significantly worse for code rates 1/3 and 1/4 than for the 1/2 rate code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coenzyme q10 and statin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. (2010)

Coenzyme Q10 is an important factor in mitochondrial respiration. Primary and secondary deficiencies of coenzyme Q10 result in a number of neurologic and myopathic syndromes. Hydroxyl-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or statins interfere with the production of mevalonic acid, which is a precursor in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10. The statin medications routinely result in lower coenzyme Q10 levels in the serum. Some studies have also shown reduction of coenzyme Q10 in muscle tissue. Such coenzyme Q10 deficiency may be one mechanism for statin-induced myopathies. However, coenzyme Q10 supplements have not been shown to routinely improve muscle function. Additional research in this area is warranted and discussed in this review.
49: AQUAPORIN-4 INHIBITOR AER-271 BLOCKS EDEMA AND IMPROVES OUTCOME IN PEDIATRIC RAT CARDIAC ARREST (2017)

Wallisch, Jessica; Jha, Ruchira; Farr, George; McGuirk, Paul; Pelletier, Marc; Jackson, Travis; Clark, Robert; Kochanek, Patrick; Manole, Mioara Author Information
Co‐ordinated induction of mRNAs for extracellular invertase and a glucose transporter in <i>Chenopodium rubrum</i> by cytokinins (1997)

Extracellular or cell wall invertase is regarded as crucial to supply sink tissues with carbohydrates via an apoplastic pathway. A cell wall invertase from Chenopodium rubrum was purified to homogeneity and the corresponding cDNA encoding CIN1 was identified via peptide sequences. The CIN1 mRNA was found to be highly induced by physiological concentrations of both adenine- and phenylureaderived cytokinins in suspension culture cells. This was paralleled both by a higher steady-state protein level and a higher enzyme activity of the extracellular invertase. The cytokinin-inducible accumulation of CIN1 mRNA in tissues of C. rubrum plants supports the physiological significance of this regulatory mechanism. In contrast to the extracellular sucrose cleaving enzyme, the mRNA levels of the two putative intracellular invertases CIN2 and CIN3 and of sucrose synthase were not elevated. In addition, it has been found that the accumulation of mRNA for one out of three hexose transporters present in the suspension culture cells is induced co-ordinately with the mRNA for extracellular invertase by cytokinins. It has been shown that this regulatory mechanism results in higher uptake rates both for sucrose, via the hexose monomers, and for glucose. The increased level of both extracellular invertase and hexose transporters and the resulting higher carbohydrate supply are discussed with respect to the control of carbohydrate partitioning by plant hormones and the molecular basis for known physiological cytokinin responses such as the stimulation of cell division.
Inhibitors of histone deacetylases target the Rb-E2F1 pathway for apoptosis induction through activation of proapoptotic protein Bim (2005)

Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACIs) are a new generation of anticancer agents that selectively kill tumor cells. However, the molecular basis for their tumor selectivity is not well understood. We investigated the effects of HDACIs on the oncogenic Rb-E2F1 pathway, which is frequently deregulated in human cancers. Here, we report that cancer cells with elevated E2F1 activity, caused either by enforced E2F1 expression, or by E1A oncogene expression, are highly susceptible to HDACI-induced cell death. This E2F1-mediated apoptosis is neither p53- nor p73-dependent but proceeds through selective induction of proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. We show that Bim is a direct target of E2F1 and that HDAC inhibition promotes the recruitment of E2F1 to the Bim promoter. Moreover, silencing of Bim by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) effectively abolishes the E2F1-mediated cell death sensitization to HDACIs. These findings suggest that the oncogenic E2F1 pathway participates in HDACIs-induced apoptosis in cancer cells and underscore the importance of Bim as a key mediator of oncogene-induced apoptosis. Our study provides an important insight into the molecular mechanism of tumor selectivity of HDACIs and predicts that, clinically, HDACIs will be more effective in tumors with high E2F1 activity.
Terahertz Information and Signal Processing by RF-Photonics (2012)

This paper discusses THz bandwidth information and signal processing based on RF-photonic technologies. In particular, we will emphasize integrated circuit approaches to RF-photonics where highly stable THz bandwidth information and signal processing can take place. We will demonstrate THz signal generation by optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG), and will describe its inverse process, optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM). Further, we will discuss an RF-photonic lattice filter useful for optical equalization and other THz signal processing replacing traditional electronic digital signal processing which cannot currently scale to THz. The paper will also cover future prospects for the THz information and signal processing by integrated RF-photonic methods.
Fast-decoupled three-phase load flow (1978)

Using as a reference the single-phase fast-decoupled algorithm, this paper describes the modifications required to produce an efficient three-phase fast-decoupled load flow. The compound-coil concept is used in the representation of power-system components, and the effect of automatic voltage regulators is modelled as part of the reactive-power Jacobian-matrix equation. It is shown that the three-phase modified fast-decoupled load flow displays all the characteristics of the original single-phase version.
Reusing the Mikrokosmos Ontology for Concept-based Multilingual Terminology Databases (2000)

This paper reports work carried out within a multilingual terminology project (OncoTerm) in which the Mikrokosmos (µK) ontology (Mahesh, 1996; Viegas et al 1999) has been used as a language independent conceptual structure to achieve a truly concept-based terminology database (termbase, for short). The original ontology, containing nearly 4,700 concepts and available in Lisp-like format (January 1997 version), was first converted into a set of tables in a relational database. A specific software tool was developed in order to edit and browse this resource. This tool has now been integrated within a termbase editor and released under the name of OntoTerm™. In this paper we focus on the suitability of the µK ontology for the representation of domain-specific knowledge and its associated lexical items.
Cluster-Based Analysis for Personalized Stress Evaluation Using Physiological Signals (2014)

Technology development in wearable sensors and biosignal processing has made it possible to detect human stress from the physiological features. However, the intersubject difference in stress responses presents a major challenge for reliable and accurate stress estimation. This research proposes a novel cluster-based analysis method to measure perceived stress using physiological signals, which accounts for the intersubject differences. The physiological data are collected when human subjects undergo a series of task-rest cycles, incurring varying levels of stress that is indicated by an index of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Next, a quantitative measurement of stress is developed by analyzing the physiological features in two steps: 1) a k -means clustering process to divide subjects into different categories (clusters), and 2) cluster-wise stress evaluation using the general regression neural network. Experimental results show a significant improvement in evaluation accuracy as compared to traditional methods without clustering. The proposed method is useful in developing intelligent, personalized products for human stress management.
Phosphorylation of Stargazin by Protein Kinase A Regulates Its Interaction with PSD-95 (2002)

Stargazin is the first transmembrane protein known to associate with AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) glutamate receptors (AMPARs) and regulate their synaptic targeting by two distinct mechanisms, specifically via delivery of AMPARs to the surface membrane and synaptic targeting of these receptors by binding to PSD-95/SAP-90 and related PDZ proteins. However, it is not known whether and how this stargazin-mediated synaptic targeting of AMPARs is regulated. Stargazin interacts with the PDZ domains of PSD-95 through the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. The stargazin C terminus contains a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Phosphorylation site-specific stargazin antibodies reveal that the stargazin C terminus is phosphorylated at the Thr-321 residue in heterologous cells and in vivo. Stargazin phosphorylation is enhanced by the catalytic subunit of PKA. Mutations mimicking stargazin phosphorylation (T321E and T321D) lead to elimination of yeast two-hybrid interactions, in vitro coimmunoprecipitation, and coclustering between stargazin and PSD-95. Phosphorylated stargazin shows a selective loss of coimmunoprecipitation with PSD-95 in heterologous cells and limited enrichment in postsynaptic density fractions of rat brain. These results suggest that phosphorylation of the stargazin C terminus by PKA regulates its interaction with PSD-95 and synaptic targeting of AMPARs.
Distinct Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Regulatory Surfaces Mediate the Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Effects of Glucocorticoids (1999)

Glucocorticoids act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which can function as a transcriptional activator or repressor, to elicit cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in a variety of cells. The molecular mechanisms regulating these events and the target genes affected by the activated receptor remain largely undefined. Using cultured human osteosarcoma cells as a model for the GR antiproliferative effect, we demonstrate that in U20S cells, GR activation leads to irreversible growth inhibition, apoptosis, and repression of Bcl2. This cytotoxic effect is mediated by GR's transcriptional repression function, since transactivation-deficient mutants and ligands still bring about apoptosis and Bcl2 down-regulation. In contrast, the antiproliferative effect of GR in SAOS2 cells is reversible, does not result in apoptosis or repression of Bcl2, and is a function of the receptor's ability to stimulate transcription. Thus, the cytotoxic versus cytostatic outcome of glucocorticoid treatment is cell context dependent. Interestingly, the cytostatic effect of glucocorticoids in SAOS2 cells involves multiple GR activation surfaces. GR mutants and ligands that disrupt individual transcriptional activation functions (activation function 1 [AF-1] and AF-2) or receptor dimerization fail to fully inhibit cellular proliferation and, remarkably, discriminate between the targets of GR's cytostatic action, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). Induction of p21(Cip1) is agonist dependent and requires AF-2 but not AF-1 or GR dimerization. In contrast, induction of p27(Kip1) is agonist independent, does not require AF-2 or AF-1, but depends on GR dimerization. Our findings indicate that multiple GR transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that employ distinct receptor surfaces are used to evoke either the cytostatic or cytotoxic response to glucocorticoids.
Open source software for the public administration (2004)

Open Source Software (OSS) and of Open Data Standards (ODS) are getting to be more and more accepted world wide in Public Administration (PA). A European joint project (COSPA) with the participation of eight countries studies the application advantages (and drawbacks) of OSS and ODS in PAs, as PAs are among the biggest computerand software consumers, thus they should be very careful what to use, how to use. PAs spend every year a considerable amount of money for commercial off-the-shelf software licenses. By using appropriate technologies, such expenses might be either dramatically reduced, or re-routed to further develop local business ecosystems. This project aims at introducing, analyzing, and supporting the use of ODS and OS software for personal productivity and document management in European PAs.
Latest Advances in OBOC Peptide Libraries. Improvements in Screening Strategies and Enlarging the Family From Linear to Cyclic Libraries (2016)

Solid phase screenings of one bead one compound (OBOC) libraries have been widely used to find ligands with pharmacological and analytical uses, and to purify or detect proteins in complex mixtures. To improve library screening, in the last years various strategies have been developed to avoid the selection of false positive beads and to obtain selective ligands. Currently, there is great interest in cyclic peptides because of their resistance to enzymatic degradation and higher selectivity compared to their linear counterparts. Lots of cyclic peptide libraries protocols have been recently developed to facilitate hits analysis. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest applications of solid phase screening of OBOC combinatorial peptide libraries, the improvements in the screening methods including mass spectrometry MS/MS techniques and the strategies to synthesize OBOC cyclic peptide libraries.
The significance of combining VEGFA, FLT1, and KDR expressions in colon cancer patient prognosis and predicting response to bevacizumab (2015)

Targeting angiogenesis through inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has been successful in the treatment of late stage colorectal cancer. However, not all patients benefit from inhibition of VEGF. Ras status is a powerful biomarker for response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy; however, an appropriate biomarker for response to anti-VEGF therapy is yet to be identified. VEGF and its receptors, FLT1 and KDR, play a crucial role in colon cancer progression; individually, these factors have been shown to be prognostic in colon cancer; however, expression of none of these factors alone was predictive of tumor response to anti-VEGF therapy. In the present study, we analyzed the expression levels of VEGFA, FLT1, and KDR in two independent colon cancer datasets and found that high expression levels of all three factors afforded a very poor prognosis. The observation was further confirmed in another independent colon cancer dataset, wherein high levels of expression of this three-gene signature was predictive of poor prognosis in patients with proficient mismatch repair a wild-type KRas status, or mutant p53 status. Most importantly, this signature also predicted tumor response to bevacizumab, an antibody targeting VEGFA, in a cohort of bevacizumab-treated patients. Since bevacizumab has been proven to be an important drug in the treatment of advanced stage colon cancer, our results suggest that the three-gene signature approach is valuable in terms of its prognostic value, and that it should be further evaluated in a prospective clinical trial to investigate its predictive value to anti-VEGF treatment.
Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Treated for Two Months with Evening Primrose Oil (1986)

Twenty-four female and 4 male patients, all fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome (primary SS), were treated for 8 weeks with evening primrose oil (Efamol). Efamol is a seed oil which consists primarily of the n-6 essential fatty acids (EFA): cis-linoleic acid and gammalinolenic acid (GLA). The investigation was carried out as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in order to determine whether long-term treatment of patients with primary SS with Efamol would improve the ocular and oral clinical status, and whether the levels of EFA in plasma and erythrocytes increase during Efamol treatment. The objective ocular status, evaluated by a combined ocular score, including the results from Schirmer-I test, break-up time and van Bijsterveld score, improved significantly during Efamol treatment when compared with Efamol start-values (p less than 0.05), but not when compared with placebo values (p less than 0.2). The GLA metabolite and prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) precursor dihomogammalinolenic acid (20: 3n6, DGLA) increased both in plasma (p less than 0.001) and in erythrocytes (p less than 0.001) during treatment with Efamol. No correlations between objective ocular and oral status and DGLA values in plasma or erythrocytes were found.
Effects of antimineralocorticoid RU 26752 on steroid-induced hypertension in rats (1990)

The effect of mineralocorticoid antagonist RU 26752 on the development and maintenance of hypertension produced by long-term administration of mineralocorticoid agonist aldosterone has been investigated. Uninephrectomized, saline-drinking male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously implanted with either placebo (control) pellets or pellets containing 100 micrograms aldosterone, 50 mg RU 26752, or 100 micrograms aldosterone plus 50 mg RU 26752. Aldosterone treatment resulted in an increase in blood pressure to 165 +/- 5 mmHg over the control value of 105 +/- 2 mmHg within 3 wk of experimental period. RU 26752 given alone had no observable hypertensinogenic effect. However, RU 26752 administered with aldosterone significantly prevented the hypertension produced by aldosterone alone. RU 26752 when given with aldosterone was able to prevent the aldosterone-induced increase in saline consumption, increase urine output, and reduce urinary Na+ excretion. The results presented suggest that long-term administration of antimineralocorticoid RU 26752 in vivo to Sprague-Dawley rats prevents the aldosterone-induced hypertension.
Deploying, updating, and managing tools for collecting software metrics (2004)

Collecting software engineering data is difficult due to the number of problems that researchers face in this activity. One of the most relevant is the ability to install and keep up-to-date the measurement tools installed in the production machines in order to collect such data. Even when a few machines are involved, maintaining all the tools required to collect data from the different development tools requires a full-time system administrator. Moreover, since most of these tools are research tools, researchers are updating them very frequently to fix bugs or to add new features. In a production environment, especially when Agile Methodologies are in place, the time and effort. For these reasons, automating the management of the tools for metrics collection is a key factor to provide easy-to-use tools and allow development teams to collect data useful for both practitioners and researchers.
Inhibition of retrograde transport modulates misfolded protein accumulation and clearance in motoneuron diseases (2017)

Motoneuron diseases, like spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are associated with proteins that because of gene mutation or peculiar structures, acquire aberrant (misfolded) conformations toxic to cells. To prevent misfolded protein toxicity, cells activate a protein quality control (PQC) system composed of chaperones and degradative pathways (proteasome and autophagy). Inefficient activation of the PQC system results in misfolded protein accumulation that ultimately leads to neuronal cell death, while efficient macroautophagy/autophagy-mediated degradation of aggregating proteins is beneficial. The latter relies on an active retrograde transport, mediated by dynein and specific chaperones, such as the HSPB8-BAG3-HSPA8 complex. Here, using cellular models expressing aggregate-prone proteins involved in SBMA and ALS, we demonstrate that inhibition of dynein-mediated retrograde transport, which impairs the targeting to autophagy of misfolded species, does not increase their aggregation. Rather, dynein inhibition correlates with a reduced accumulation and an increased clearance of mutant ARpolyQ, SOD1, truncated TARDBP/TDP-43 and expanded polyGP C9ORF72 products. The enhanced misfolded protein clearance is mediated by the proteasome, rather than by autophagy and correlates with the upregulation of the HSPA8 cochaperone BAG1. In line, overexpression of BAG1 increases the proteasome-mediated clearance of these misfolded proteins. Our data suggest that when the misfolded proteins cannot be efficiently transported toward the perinuclear region of the cells, where they are either degraded by autophagy or stored into the aggresome, the cells activate a compensatory mechanism that relies on the induction of BAG1 to target the HSPA8-bound cargo to the proteasome in a dynein-independent manner.
A Charge-Coupled-Device Camera Image Analysis System for Quantifying DNA Distributions in Agarose Gels after Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (1994)

A charge-coupled-device camera system was coupled to a personal computer and, with uniformity in illumination and detection (within 4-8%) along each lane, was used for quantifying the distribution of DNA molecules that migrate from the PFGE well (plug) into the lane at distances varying from 1 to 50 mm (with 0.5 mm/pixel). By using a specially designed transmission filter for transmitting 470-725 nm fluorescence from ethidium bromide-stained DNA while eliminating most of the fluorescence (< 400 nm) from the agarose gel, and by using neutral density filters to prevent saturation of the camera, the fluorescence intensity is linearly related to the amount of DNA varying from approximately 0.03 micrograms in a 3-mm-diameter cylindrical plug 5 mm long (equal to background) to approximately 4 micrograms (where ethidium bromide staining saturates). The percentage DNA released from the plug and distribution in the lane (with 1-2 mm resolution) obtained by quantifying DNA fluorescence were not significantly different from the same data obtained by analysis of radioactivity of the same DNA labeled with [3H]dThd. However, scattering of fluorescence from one lane into an adjacent lane 3 mm away and as far as 10 mm from the plug into the lane presented a problem. This problem was overcome by using a form with slots to cover every other lane when the images were obtained and either (1) cutting the lane from the plug and moving it 15 mm away or (2) imaging the intact gel and applying a correction for approximately 7% of the fluorescence from the plug tailing out approximately 10 mm beyond the first 1 mm in the lane. In addition, the following were required: (1) carefully controlled staining and destaining procedures, and (2) a low background that is obtained as an average uniform background in each lane 5 mm beyond where DNA migration stops.