gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact proton accelerator system for cancer therapy (2002)

The basic design of a compact proton accelerator system for cancer therapy is described. The system consists of a 30 keV ion source, a 3 MeV RFQ linac, and a rapid-cycling 235 MeV synchrotron. A strong focusing combined function magnet, which has both focusing and defocusing section in a unit, is adopted instead of a quadrupole magnet. The RF system applies a compact ferrite loaded tuning-free cavity which has no bias windings. The synchrotron is operated at 20 Hz repetition with fast beam extraction. It is the same method as the KEK booster synchrotron, which has been using for proton therapy studies by Tsukuba University. In this system, a breath synchronized irradiation method is easily realized and the energy of proton beam can be changed flexibly within few minutes.
Crystal and molecular structure of (acetylene)bis(trimethylphosphine)(tetracarbonyl)dicobalt(0) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of (acetylene)bis(trimethylphosphine)(tetracarbonyl)dicobalt(0)Jean Jacques Bonnet and Rene MathieuCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 7, 1973–1976Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50185a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50185a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Single-atom trapping in holographic 2D arrays of microtraps with arbitrary geometries (Orale) (2013)

International audience
Classical and Paradoxical Effects of TNF-α on Bone Homeostasis (2014)

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an essential role in the regulation of bone homeostasis in several chronic immune and inflammatory joint diseases, where inhibition of TNF has led to significant clinical improvement. However, TNF-activated pathways and mechanisms involved in bone remodeling remain unclear. So far, TNF-α was known as an inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation and an activator of osteoclastogenesis. Recent contradictory findings indicated that TNF-α can also activate osteoblastogenesis. The paradoxical role of TNF-α in bone homeostasis seems to depend on the concentration and the differentiation state of the cell type used as well as on the exposure time. This review aims to summarize the recent contradictory findings on the regulation of bone homeostasis by TNF-α at the isolated cell, whole bone, and whole body levels. In addition, the involvement of TNF-α in the bone remodeling imbalance is observed in inflammatory joint diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, which are associated with bone destruction and ectopic calcified matrix formation, respectively. Both diseases are associated with systemic/vertebral osteoporosis.
Design guidelines for deep-submicrometer MOSFETs (2003)

A comprehensive study of the performance and reliability constraints on the dimensions and power supply of deep-submicrometer non-LDD (lightly doped drain) n-channel MOSFETs is presented. Design guidelines extracted from experimental results are presented that are based on the following factors: short-channel effects; drain-induced barrier-lowering effects, off-state leakage currents, hot-electron reliability, time-dependent dielectric breakdown, current-driving capability, voltage gain, and switching speed. The relative importance of each mechanism for a given technology and design is examined. As an example, a set of design curves using typical performance and reliability criteria is provided for n-channel deep-submicrometer devices. With slight modifications, these design curves can also be extended to other technologies, including p-channel and LDD devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cardinal of Tivoli, 1381 (1934)

Journal Article Cardinal of Tivoli, 1381 Get access X. Y. Z. X. Y. Z. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLXVII, Issue aug04, 4 August 1934, Page 83, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXVII.aug04.83d Published: 04 August 1934
Multiple-complete-digest restriction fragment mapping: Generating sequence-ready maps for large-scale DNA sequencing (1997)

Multiple-complete-digest mapping is a DNA mapping technique based on complete-restriction-digest fingerprints of a set of clones that provides highly redundant coverage of the mapping target. The maps assembled from these fingerprints order both the clones and the restriction fragments. Maps are coordinated across three enzymes in the examples presented. Starting with yeast artificial chromosome contigs from the 7q31.3 and 7p14 regions of the human genome, we have produced cosmid-based maps spanning more than one million base pairs. Each yeast artificial chromosome is first subcloned into cosmids at a redundancy of x15-30. Complete-digest fragments are electrophoresed on agarose gels, poststained, and imaged on a fluorescent scanner. Aberrant clones that are not representative of the underlying genome are rejected in the map construction process. Almost every restriction fragment is ordered, allowing selection of minimal tiling paths with clone-to-clone overlaps of only a few thousand base pairs. These maps demonstrate the practicality of applying the experimental and software-based steps in multiple-complete-digest mapping to a target of significant size and complexity. We present evidence that the maps are sufficiently accurate to validate both the clones selected for sequencing and the sequence assemblies obtained once these clones have been sequenced by a "shotgun" method.
Magnetism, electronic spectra, and structure of transition metal alkoxides. II. The preparation and magnetism of iron(III) alkoxides (1966)

The iron(III) alkoxides, Fe(OMe)3, Fe(OEt)3, and Fe(Obun)a have been prepared by a procedure alternative to those previously described in the literature. The trimeric nature of the three compounds in benzene is confirmed by cryoscopy, and preliminary X-ray single crystal data for the ethoxide are consistent with trimeric entities in the solid. The temperature variation of the magnetic susceptibilities for the three compounds follows the Curie-Weiss law between 90 and 300ºK but with large values of θ=- 200ºK. The unusually low magnetic moments vary markedly with temperature, and at room temperature remain depressed in benzene solution at peer μeff 4.4 B.M. This anomalous behaviour is ascribed to the presence of weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions within the cluster of iron atoms which forms the core of the trimeric species Fe3(0R)9. The compounds are sensitive both to hydrolysis and to heating. Hydrolysis decreases and pyrolysis increases the magnetic susceptibility. This provides a convenient method for following the progress of both types of reaction.
Incidence of salt-losing form of congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. (1972)

Descriptions are given of two cases of gas in the portal venous system in association with duodenal obstruction and also one case with interstitial emphysema of the stomach.
Long-haul high-speed optical communication systems using a semiconductor laser amplifier (1988)

A laser amplifier is of great interest in using linear amplification in long-haul high-speed transmission,1,2 especially for a submarine cable system above 2 Gbit/s, because the linear optical amplifier system requires no high-speed electronics and small power consumption in the submerged repeater. To confirm the feasibility of this system, it is important to investigate the amplification characteristics of high-speed optical data since previous system experiments were conducted at less than several hundred Mbit/s.3 We first report the measurement of a bit error rate (BER) of a 2-Gbit/s amplified signal using a distributed feedback laser (DFB-LD) transmitter and a near traveling-wave (TW) laser amplifier in the 1.55-μm, wavelength range. Then we evaluate the transmission distance of a laser amplifier repeatered system.
Apolipoprotein AI isoforms in serum determined by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting (1997)

Quantitative evaluation of serum apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) isoforms through densitometric analysis following isoelectric focusing (IEF) is described. The apo AI isoforms were identified by immunoblotting. By combining these techniques, a qualitatively invariant pattern was observed in 54 serum samples, obtained from 27 men and 27 women. Peak 1 (proapo AI, pI 5.75) accounts for about 8% of the total densitometric area, peak 3 (apo AIzero, pI 5.59) for about 74%, peak 4 (apo AI-1, pI 5.42) for about 13%, and peak 5 (apo AI-2, pI 5.37) for about 5%. In some subjects, the proportion of proapo AI was increased. Variations of the ratio of the different apo AI isoforms may be due to modification of the fractional catabolic rate of this apolipoprotein. The procedure proposed in this study may be useful for the evaluation of quantitative abnormalities in apo AI isoforms involved in the development of coronary heart diseases (CHD).
Mechanical milling of tronoh silica sand nanoparticles using low speed ball milling process (2013)

Silica sand nanoparticles are widely used as filler, coating and reinforcer to increase materials strength and durability. The objective of the research is to design a new technique of converting Tronoh silica sand to silica sand nanoparticles by using ingenious combination of milling process and heating mechanism. Raw Tronoh silica sand was milled for 10 hours with heating process after every 2 hours of milling. The optimum parameters were first identified using Taguchi method of orthogonal array. By using the optimum parameters obtained, a lab-scale production has been done to test the ability for repetitive production of silica sand nanoparticles. Results from the lab-scale production were analyzed using particle size analyzer to obtain the particles size and size distribution. Particles size of less than 100 nm has been repeatedly achieved in this research. Findings from this research provide a simple and low cost alternative method of producing silica sand nanoparticles.
High-reflectance La/B-based multilayer mirror for 6x  nm wavelength (2015)

We report a hybrid thin-film deposition procedure to significantly enhance the reflectivity of La/B-based multilayer structures. This is of relevance for applications of multilayer optics at 6.7-nm wavelength and beyond. Such multilayers showed a reflectance of 64.1% at 6.65 nm measured at 1.5-degrees off-normal incidence at PTB (BESSY-II). This was achieved by a special scheme of La passivation. The La layer was nitridated to avoid formation of the optically unfavorable LaBx compound at the B-on-La interface. To avoid the also undesired BN formation at the La-on-B interface, a time-dosed nitridation at the initial stage was applied. This research revealed a good potential for further increase in the reflectivity of multilayer structures at 6.7 nm.
Loss of both CSF1R (FMS) alleles in patients with myelodysplasia and a chromosome 5 deletion. (1991)

A high proportion of patients with myelodysplasia show characteristic karyotypic abnormalities in bone marrow cells. The most distinctive of the myelodysplastic syndromes is the 5q- syndrome characterized by refractory anemia, poorly lobulated megakaryocytes, and an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q deletion) as the sole karyotypic abnormality. Recently, several genes encoding hemopoietic growth factors and receptors, comprising the interleukins 3, 4, and 5, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, and the receptor for macrophage-colony-stimulating factor [the CSF1R (formerly FMS) gene product], have been localized to the long arm of chromosome 5, and there has been much speculation that deletion of one or more of these genes may be critical to the pathogenesis of the associated myeloid disorders. One candidate gene is CSF1R, which is required for normal proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic cells of the myeloid lineage. We have carried out a molecular examination of the CSF1R, both on the 5q- chromosome and on the apparently normal homologous chromosome 5, in 10 patients with myelodysplasia and a 5q deletion. We have found, using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and gene dosage experiments, that all 10 patients showed deletion of CSF1R; 6 of 10 were hemizygous and 4 of 10 homozygous for CSF1R loss. The homozygous CSF1R loss has been confirmed in 2 patients by an in situ hybridization technique comparing the signal in affected cells to that in control sex-mismatched cells on the same slides. In those patients considered to have homozygous CSF1R loss by DNA experiments the gene was deleted from the 5q chromosome in all cells and from the apparently normal chromosome 5 in a subset of cells. This loss of one CSF1R allele, together with loss in some cells of the remaining allele on the homologous chromosome 5, in patients with myelodysplasia indicates that this is a region of critical gene loss on 5q. The loss of the hemopoietic growth factor receptor gene CSF1R may be important in the pathogenesis of human myeloid leukemia.
Zur Kenntniss des Pyrrolidins (1899)

ich einige Versucbe ausgefuhrt, welcbe nuf eine bequemere Herstellunge methode des Pyrroliditis, sowie auf die Ditrstellung einiger bis
Composition dependence of Si and Ge diffusion in relaxed Si1−xGex alloys (2010)

Diffusion of silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) in silicon-germanium Si1−xGex-isotope heterostructures with Ge contents x=0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.45, and 0.70 was investigated in a temperature range between 690 and 1270 °C. The concentration profiles of the stable Si-isotopes and Ge-isotopes were recorded by means of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analysis of the experimental profiles shows that the Si and Ge diffusion coefficients in elemental Si agree within experimental accuracy. However with increasing Ge content the diffusion of Ge gets increasingly faster compared to that of Si. An Arrhenius type temperature dependence of diffusion is observed for all compositions with slightly lower values for the activation enthalpy of Ge compared to Si. The more pronounced Ge diffusion indicates that with increasing Ge concentration the diffusional jumps of Ge atoms become more successful compared to those of Si. This trend is explained with an increasing contribution of vacancies to self-diffusion in Si1−xGex with x. In contrast to earlier results the composition dependence of the activation enthalpy of self-diffusion reveals an upward bowing. A similar composition dependence is reported for the arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) diffusion in SiGe and is predicted theoretically for the stability of phosphorus-vacancy and arsenic-vacancy pairs in SiGe. The nonlinear behavior seems to be a general trend and accordingly mainly a consequence of the SiGe alloy system.
Simulation of Contrast Agent Transport in Arteries with Multilayer Arterial Wall: Impact of Arterial Transmural Transport on the Bolus Delay and Dispersion (2014)

One assumption of DSC-MRI is that the injected contrast agent is kept totally intravascular and the arterial wall is impermeable to contrast agent. The assumption is unreal for such small contrast agent as Gd-DTPA can leak into the arterial wall. To investigate whether the unreal assumption is valid for the estimation of the delay and dispersion of the contrast agent bolus, we simulated flow and Gd-DTPA transport in a model with multilayer arterial wall and analyzed the bolus delay and dispersion qualified by mean vascular transit time (MVTT) and the variance of the vascular transport function. Factors that may affect Gd-DTPA transport hence the delay and dispersion were further investigated, such as integrity of endothelium and disturbed flow. The results revealed that arterial transmural transport would slightly affect MVTT and moderately increase the variance. In addition, although the integrity of endothelium can significantly affect the accumulation of contrast agent in the arterial wall, it had small effects on the bolus delay and dispersion. However, the disturbed flow would significantly increase both MVTT and the variance. In conclusion, arterial transmural transport may have a small effect on the bolus delay and dispersion when compared to the flow pattern in the artery.
On the design of CPW-fed square octal shaped fractal UWB antenna (2009)

This paper presents the design of an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna with CPW-fed. The antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 4.3 and thickness 1.53 mm. The antenna has been fabricated and tested using VNA. The experimental results of this antenna offer ultra wide bandwidth from 2.86 GHz to 14.38 GHz. This corresponds to the impedance bandwidth 11.42 GHz and 132.48 %. The experimental results also exhibits the first band from 0.62 GHz to 1.657 GHz corresponds to 1.037 GHz bandwidth. The radiation pattern of this antenna is nearly omni directional. This type of antenna can be used for ultra wide band system, positioning system, microwave imaging and Radar application.
Angiopoietin-1 prevents severe bleeding complications induced by heparin-like drugs and fibroblast growth factor-2 in mice (2015)

Critically ill children can develop bleeding complications when treated with heparin-like drugs. These events are usually attributed to the anticoagulant activity of these drugs. However, previous studies showed that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), a heparin-binding growth factor released in the circulation of these patients, could precipitate intestinal hemorrhages in mice treated with the heparin-like drug pentosan polysulfate (PPS). Yet very little is known about how FGF-2 induces bleeding complications in combination with heparin-like drugs. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which circulating FGF-2 induces intestinal hemorrhages in mice treated with PPS. We used a well-characterized mouse model of intestinal hemorrhages induced by FGF-2 plus PPS. Adult FVB/N mice were infected with adenovirus carrying Lac-Z or a secreted form of recombinant human FGF-2, and injected with PPS, at doses that do not induce bleeding complications per se. Mice treated with FGF-2 in combination with PPS developed an intestinal inflammatory reaction that increased the permeability and disrupted the integrity of submucosal intestinal vessels. These changes, together with the anticoagulant activity of PPS, induced lethal hemorrhages. Moreover, a genetically modified form of the endothelial ligand angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1*), which has powerful antipermeability and anti-inflammatory activity, prevented the lethal bleeding complications without correcting the anticoagulant status of these mice. These findings define new mechanisms through which FGF-2 and Ang-1* modulate the outcome of intestinal bleeding complications induced by PPS in mice and may have wider clinical implications for critically ill children treated with heparin-like drugs.
Power-saving methods with guaranteed service interoperability in ethernet passive optical networks (2012)

Given the growing need for high-speed access networks with reliable service delivery and lifeline support, fiber-based access rapidly becomes the prevailing solution around the world. Ethernet passive optical network addresses the environmental impact of fiber access through advanced power-saving mechanisms, which reduce the power consumption of customer equipment while preserving customer experience.
Heat Exchangers (2002)

Researchers, practitioners, instructors, and students all welcomed the first edition of Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design for gathering into one place the essence of the information they need-information formerly scattered throughout the literature. While retaining the basic objectives and popular features of the bestselling fi
Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Bis(diphenylphosphino)(<i>N</i>-thioether)amine-Type Ligands in Nickel(II) Complexes for Catalytic Ethylene Oligomerization (2014)

Starting from the new ligands bis(diphenylphosphino)(N-4-(methylthio)phenyl)amine (4, N(PPh2)2(p-C6H4)SMe) and its monosulfide derivative (Ph2P)N{P(S)Ph2}(p-C6H4)SMe (4·S), we have prepared and characterized, including by X-ray crystallographic studies, their Ni(II) complexes [NiCl2{(Ph2P)2N(p-C6H4)SMe-P,P}] (5) and [NiCl2{(Ph2P)N{P(S)Ph2}(p-C6H4)SMe-P,S}] (6), respectively. The bis-sulfide compound N{P(S)Ph2}2(p-C6H4)SMe (4·S2) was also prepared and structurally characterized. Computational studies showed that the combined influence of stronger P donors and a four-membered-ring P,P chelate leads to complex 5 being thermodynamically more stable than 6, which contains one weaker P═S donor group but a five-membered P,P═S chelate ring. For comparison, the bis-chelate complex [Ni{(Ph2P)N{P(S)Ph2}(p-C6H4)SMe-P,S}2](BF4)2 (7), the monochelate complexes [NiBr2{(Ph2P)N{P(S)Ph2}(p-C6H4)SMe-P,S}] (8) and the Pd(II) analogue of 6, [PdCl2{(Ph2P)N{P(S)Ph2}(p-C6H4)SMe-P,S}] (9), were synthesized and structurally characterized and their solution behavior was investigated. The catalytic activity and selectivity in ethylene oligomerization of the Ni(II) complexes 5 and 6 and their known N-(methylthio)propyl analogues [NiCl2{(Ph2P)2N(CH2)3SMe-P,P}] (2) and [NiCl2{(Ph2P)N{P(S)Ph2}(CH2)3SMe-P,S}] (3), which were obtained from the bis(diphenylphosphino)(N-(methylthio)propyl)amine ligand N(PPh2)2(CH2)3SMe (1) and its monosulfide derivative (Ph2P)N{P(S)Ph2}(CH2)3SMe (1·S), respectively, revealed a significant influence of the nature of the N-substituent (aryl vs alkyl thioether) and of the chelate ring size (P,P vs P,P═S). DFT calculations showed that the trend in ΔErel, [NiCl2(P,P)] > [NiCl2(P,P═S)] > [NiCl2(P═S,P═S)], results from the stronger covalent character of the Ni–P vs Ni–S bond. Using AlEtCl2 as cocatalyst, mostly ethylene dimers were produced, with significant amounts of trimers (selectivity in the range 11–36%). Productivities up to 40400 and 48200 g of C2H4/((g of Ni) h), with corresponding TOF values of 84800 and 101100 mol of C2H4/ ((mol of Ni) h), were obtained with precatalysts 2 and 3, respectively.