gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The molecular basis of mouse adaptation by human enterovirus 71 (2008)

A mouse-adapted strain of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) was selected by serial passage of a HEV71 clinical isolate (HEV71-26M) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (CHO-26M) and in newborn BALB/c mice (MP-26M). Despite improved growth in CHO cells, CHO-26M did not show increased virulence in newborn BALB/c mice compared with HEV71-26M. By contrast, infection of newborn mice with MP-26M resulted in severe disease of high mortality. Skeletal muscle was the primary site of replication in mice for both viruses. However, MP-26M infection induced severe necrotizing myositis, whereas CHO-26M infection caused only mild inflammation. MP-26M was also isolated from whole blood, heart, liver, spleen and brain of infected mice. CHO-26M harboured a single mutation within the open reading frame (ORF), resulting in an amino acid substitution of K(149)-->I in the VP2 capsid protein; two further ORF mutations that resulted in amino acid substitutions were identified in MP-26M, located within the VP1 capsid protein (G(145)-->E) and the 2C protein (K(216)-->R). Infectious cDNA clone-derived mutant virus populations containing the mutations identified in CHO-26M and MP-26M were generated in order to study the molecular basis of CHO cell and mouse adaptation. The VP2 (K(149)-->I) change was responsible only for improved growth in CHO cells and did not lead to increased virulence in mice. Of the two amino acid substitutions identified in MP-26M, the VP1 (G(145)-->E) mutation alone was sufficient to increase virulence in mice to the level observed in MP-26M-infected mice.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detects prostate-specific antigen–α1-antichymotrypsin complex in serum but not in prostatic fluid (1997)

We investigated the interaction between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) in prostatic secretions, identifying PSA and ACT in human serum, prostatic fluid, and seminal plasma by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). Both PSA and ACT were detected in all three body fluids, but PSA-ACT complex was detected only in serum. Moreover, the 2-D PAGE Western blot staining profile for ACT from serum differed from that for prostatic fluid or seminal plasma. Incubation of prostatic fluid with purified ACT led to formation of PSA-ACT complex. Incubation of prostatic fluid with purified PSA, however, failed to form the complex, suggesting that the ACT in prostatic fluid was inactive or inhibited. Given that physiological concentrations of zinc inhibited the formation of PSA-ACT complex, we consider zinc a possible physiological inhibitor of the formation of the PSA-ACT complex. These results indicate that the failure to detect the PSA-ACT complex in prostatic fluid could be related to the inactivation of ACT, the presence of inhibitors (e.g., zinc), or simply the PSA:ACT ratio in the fluid.
A new UPS scheme provides harmonic suppression and input power factor correction (1995)

A new parallel processing uninterruptible power supply (UPS) configuration is proposed in this paper. It provides active power line conditioning to minimize mains current distortion. This performance is superior to a conventional UPS. A prototype has been implemented and tested to verify its performance. The experimental results show that the input power factor of the proposed UPS is nearly unity, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current under nonlinear loading is only 3.618% for a mains voltage with THD of 1.633%.
The Synthesis and Myotrophic Activity of 1-Halo-4-methylestra-1,3,5(10)-trienes (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Myotrophic Activity of 1-Halo-4-methylestra-1,3,5(10)-trienesG. W. Moersch, T. P. Culbertson, D. F. Morrow, E. L. Wittle, R. R. Humphrey, W. A. Neuklis, M. E. Butler, and M. M. CregerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 6, 741–748Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00336a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00336a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantifying the Impact of Structural Uncertainties on Gross-Rock Volume Estimates (1996)

Abstract It is a common experience among geoscientists that structural uncertainties are crucial, especially when development decisions have to be taken on the basis of a small number of wells and a 3D seismic interpretation. Changes in the approach used for time-to- depth conversion and, to a lesser degree for horizon picking, may significantly impact the value of the Gross-Rock Volume (GRV). The methods presented here assume that maps of uncertainty on the time pick and on the average velocity have been produced, and they solve the problem of evaluating the impact of these uncertainty maps on GRV uncertainties. The methods proposed consist of generating "possible" error maps that are all within the range provided by uncertainty maps. A "possible" depth map is obtained by adding an error map to the reference case. A simulated GRV can then be computed between the simulated top of the reservoir, the base of the reservoir (deduced by adding a thickness map to the simulated top, a thickness uncertainty may have been accounted for) and the Hydrocarbon-Water Contact (HWC) (its depth may have been simulated). By iterating many times (several hundreds) histograms and expectation curves of the GRV can be derived. Introduction The industry shows a growing interest for managing seismic uncertainties in a reservoir as they can dramatically impact the Gross-Rock Volume (GRV) estimates, especially when dealing with gently dipping structures at field appraisal stage. Methods to simulate errors are presented as well as the use of resulting error maps (depth or time and velocity error maps) to generate "possible" depth maps. These "possible" depth maps can then be used to compute the simulated GRV. These methods are fast, and can be used to generate a great number of realisations (several hundreds) in a few hours on a workstation. Such an approach allows statistical analysis using histograms and expectation curves to derive key values such as 15%, 50% (median) and 85% quantiles.
Thermogravimetric analysis of polystyrene: Influence of sample weight and heating rate on thermal and kinetic parameters (1996)

This article studies the influence of the heating rate and sample weight on the thermal decomposition of polystyrene (first-order kinetics). For this purpose, the kinetic parameters (i.e., frequency factor and activation energy), variables at the maximum decomposition rate (such as conversion, reaction rate, and temperature), as well as some characteristic temperatures have been determined for a series of experiments where the heating rate varies (0.5–11.5 K/min) and also, the sample weight (6.0–25.1 mg). Some mathematical equations have been developed that allow: (1) evaluation of the activation energy of thermal decomposition by different ways and comparing the results obtained; (2) relating different parameters between themselves, such as the heating rate with the temperature at the maximum decomposition rate or the frequency factor with the heating rate and sample weight. Finally, some theoretical explanations of the variation of thermal and kinetic parameters have been proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Complementarity of Combinatorial Chemistry and Structure-Based Ligand Design:  Application to the Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTComplementarity of Combinatorial Chemistry and Structure-Based Ligand Design: Application to the Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Matrix MetalloproteinasesArlene Rockwell, Mark Melden, Robert A. Copeland, Karl Hardman, Carl P. Decicco, and William F. DeGradoView Author Information Chemical and Physical Sciences The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 42, 10337–10338Publication Date (Web):October 23, 1996Publication History Received19 March 1996Published online23 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960897thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960897trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Phenyls Get e-Alerts
Epigenetic silencing of argininosuccinate synthetase confers resistance to platinum‐induced cell death but collateral sensitivity to arginine auxotrophy in ovarian cancer (2009)

Evidence indicates that acquired resistance of cancers to chemotherapeutic agents can occur via epigenetic mechanisms. Down-regulation of expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of arginine, has been associated with the development of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to analyse epigenetic regulation of ASS1 in ovarian cancer tissue taken at diagnosis and relapse and determine its significance as a predictor of clinical outcome in patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. In addition, expression and epigenetic regulation of ASS1 were analysed in human ovarian cancer cell lines, and ASS1 expression correlated with the ability of the lines to grow in media containing cisplatin, carboplatin or taxol or in arginine-depleted media. Our results show that aberrant methylation in the ASS1 promoter correlated with transcriptional silencing in ovarian cancer cell lines. ASS1 silencing conferred selective resistance to platinum-based drugs and conferred arginine auxotrophy and sensitivity to arginine deprivation. In ovarian cancer, ASS1 methylation at diagnosis was associated with significantly reduced overall survival (p = 0.01) and relapse-free survival (p = 0.01). In patients who relapse, ASS1 methylation was significantly more frequent at relapse (p = 0.008). These data establish epigenetic inactivation of ASS1 as a determinant of response to platinum chemotherapy and imply that transcriptional silencing of ASS1 contributes to treatment failure and clinical relapse in ovarian cancer. The collateral sensitivity of cells lacking endogenous ASS1 to arginine depletion suggests novel therapeutic strategies for the management of relapsed ovarian cancer.
Linear and Compact Floating Node Voltage-Controlled Variable Resistor Circuit (2006)

In this letter, my proposals for a Floating node voltage-controlled Variable Resistor circuit (FVR) are based upon its advantages as linear and compact. The performance of the proposed circuit was confirmed by PSpice simulation. The simulation results are reported in this letter.
A comparison between acoustic output indices in 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound in obstetrics (2007)

Acoustic exposure levels during 3D/4D ultrasound examination, as expressed by TI, are comparable with those of 2D B-mode ultrasound. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the additional scanning time needed to choose an adequate scanning plane and to acquire a diagnostic 3D volume.
SCE^MT: A Multi-tenant Service Composition Engine (2014)

The support of multi-tenancy is an essential requirement for leveraging the full capacity of Cloud computing. Multi-tenancy enables service providers to maximize the utilization of their infrastructure and to reduce the servicing costs per customer, thus indirectly benefiting also the customers. In addition, it allows both providers and consumers to reap the advantages of Cloud-based applications configurable for the needs of different tenants. Nowadays, new applications or services are typically compositions of multiple existing services. Service Composition Engines (SCEs) provide the required functionality to enable the definition and execution of such compositions. Multi-tenancy on the level of SCEs allows for both process model, as well as underlying infrastructure sharing. Towards the goal of enabling multi-tenancy of SCEs, in this paper, we investigate the requirements and define a general architecture for the realization of a multi-tenant SCE solution. This architecture is prototypically realized based on an open-source SCE implementation and integrated into an existing multi-tenant aware Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). The performance evaluation of our prototype shows promising results in terms of the degradation introduced due to processing and communication overhead.
The Westinghouse 501D Combustion Turbine Engine (1981)

The Westinghouse 501D combustion turbine engine is the latest in a long line of Westinghouse designed and manufactured large single shaft heavy duty gas turbines designed especially for 60 Hz utility or industrial service. This 100 MW engine is described along with the design techniques utilized and the evolutionary changes made from previous engines. Also described are the component, shop, and field test conducted to bring the engine to fruition.
In situ determination of high hydrogen ion concentrations in aqueous solutions using a Nafion membrane containing Rhodamine 6G (1993)

Based on the different optical absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission intensity of Rhodamine 6G in neutral and acidic solutions, a Nafion membrane containing Rhodamine 6G was successfully employed to determine indirectly high H+ concentrations (1–5 mol dm–3) in aqueous solutions in the temperature range 25–100 °C.
Neuro-fuzzy approaches to decision makingc A comparative study with an application to check authorization (1998)

This paper describes and compares several nonlinear decision-making systems, including multilayer perceptrons, wavelet neural networks, polynomial neural networks, and fuzzy decision models. The applicability of these systems is illustrated through the problem of check authorization from incomplete data. A benchmark is established in terms of classical linear discriminant analysis and Bayes quadratic classification, in order to assess the need for the neuro-fuzzy strategies. An overall improvement of around 10 percentage points in classification accuracy on an independent test set is demonstrated for each of the neuro-fuzzy models over conventional statistical techniques. In addition to classification accuracy, five performance measures are reported: accuracy in dollar terms, robustness, parametric efficiency, training computational expense, and classification balance. Even though each system performs differently on these measures, any neuro-fuzzy model is recommended over traditional techniques in problems such as check authorization, where the improvement in reliability warrants the added cost of implementation.
3D tissue-engineered model of Ewing's sarcoma (2014)

Despite longstanding reliance upon monolayer culture for studying cancer cells, and numerous advantages from both a practical and experimental standpoint, a growing body of evidence suggests that more complex three-dimensional (3D) models are necessary to properly mimic many of the critical hallmarks associated with the oncogenesis, maintenance and spread of Ewing's sarcoma (ES), the second most common pediatric bone tumor. And as clinicians increasingly turn to biologically-targeted therapies that exert their effects not only on the tumor cells themselves, but also on the surrounding extracellular matrix, it is especially important that preclinical models evolve in parallel to reliably measure antineoplastic effects and possible mechanisms of de novo and acquired drug resistance. Herein, we highlight a number of innovative methods used to fabricate biomimetic ES tumors, encompassing both the surrounding cellular milieu and the extracellular matrix (ECM), and suggest potential applications to advance our understanding of ES biology, preclinical drug testing, and personalized medicine.
Effect of Hybrid Length Scales (Micro + Nano) of SiC Reinforcement on the Properties of Magnesium (2006)

In this study, pure magnesium reinforced with micron, nano and micron + nano-size SiC particulates was synthesized using powder metallurgy technique coupled with a novel microwave assisted rapid sintering. The sintered billets were subsequently extruded and characterization studies were performed on the extruded specimens to assess the microstructural, physical and mechanical properties of the composites. Microstructural characterization revealed good interfacial integrity between the matrix and reinforcements. Results of thermal mechanical analysis indicate most significant decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the magnesium matrix with the use of hybrid reinforcements. Mechanical characterization revealed that composite samples exhibited an increase in microhardness of the matrix and strength over that of pure magnesium while ductility was adversely affected. An attempt is made to correlate the effect of single length scale and mixed length scales of SiC reinforcement on the properties exhibited by pure magnesium.
Lightweight Fly Ash-Plastic Aggregates in Concrete (2001)

The potential of using a synthetic lightweight aggregate (SLA) in concrete is examined. The aggregates are manufactured through thermal processing using plastic to encapsulate and bind fly ash particles. Nominal maximum-size aggregates of 9.5 mm were produced with fly ash contents of 0 percent, 35 percent, and 80 percent by total mass of the aggregate. The plastic used was high-density polyethylene, and the fly ash had a carbon content of 12 percent. An expanded clay lightweight aggregate and a normal-weight aggregate were used as comparison. Gradation, specific gravity, and absorption capacity are reported for the aggregates. Five batches of concrete were made with the different coarse aggregate types. Volume fractions of cement, water, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates were kept the same for comparative purposes. Mechanical properties of the concrete determined included density, compressive strength, elastic modulus, splitting tensile strength, fracture toughness, and fracture energy. Salt-scaling resistance, a concrete durability property, was also examined. Compressive and tensile strengths were lower for the synthetic aggregates than for the normal-weight and expanded clay lightweight aggregates; however, comparable fracture properties were obtained. Relatively low compressive modulus of elasticity was found for concretes with the SLAs, although high ductility was also obtained. As fly ash content of the SLAs increased, all properties of the concrete were improved. Excellent salt-scaling resistance was obtained with the SLA containing 80 percent fly ash.
A Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan Protein, GhFLA1, Is Involved in Fiber Initiation and Elongation of Cotton    (2013)

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are involved in many aspects of plant development. In this study, biochemical and genetic approaches demonstrated that AGPs are abundant in developing fibers and may be involved in fiber initiation and elongation. To further investigate the role of AGPs during fiber development, a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene (GhFLA1) was identified in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Overexpression of GhFLA1 in cotton promoted fiber elongation, leading to an increase in fiber length. In contrast, suppression of GhFLA1 expression in cotton slowed down fiber initiation and elongation. As a result, the mature fibers of the transgenic plants were significantly shorter than those of the wild type. In addition, expression levels of GhFLAs and the genes related to primary cell wall biosynthesis were remarkably enhanced in the GhFLA1 overexpression transgenic fibers, whereas the transcripts of these genes were dramatically reduced in the fibers of GhFLA1 RNA interference plants. An immunostaining assay indicated that both AGP composition and primary cell wall composition were changed in the transgenic fibers. The levels of glucose, arabinose, and galactose were also altered in the primary cell wall of the transgenic fibers compared with those of the wild type. Together, our results suggested that GhFLA1 may function in fiber initiation and elongation by affecting AGP composition and the integrity of the primary cell wall matrix.
T4 - telematics for totally transparent transports (2005)

Transports can be made safer, more secure and efficient by help of telemetry and tracking on-line in real time. T4 is a system architecture aimed to support the development of telematic services for transparent tracking and surveillance monitoring of goods transported by different means on a global scale. The main idea is to focus on the transported pallets or parcels instead of the vehicles moving them. To enable rapid response to new customer requirements and to support remote management of field equipment, software implemented services are designed, packaged, deployed and mediated using XML, Java and the OSGi software technology standards.
Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia in Prostatic Needle Biopsy Specimens:<i>A Mimic of Low Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma</i> (1995)

The histologic features of five cases of verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) in prostatic needle biopsy specimens are reported. All cases were initially reviewed in consultation by one of two of the authors (JIE or TMW) and in all cases, the submitted differential diagnosis included low grade adenocarcinoma. In all cases, VMGH was characterized by a relatively well-circumscribed collection of closely packed glands, and was typically observed immediately subjacent to urothelium. A basal cell layer was readily identifiable in routine hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. The luminal contents of the verumontanum mucosal glands were distinctive and consisted of lamellated eosinophilic concretions typical of corpora amylacea, as well as unique orange-red concretions that were commonly fragmented. The histologic features of VMGH are characteristic and allow distinction from other small glandular proliferations of the prostate including nephrogenic adenoma, adenosis (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia), and low grade adenocarcinoma.