gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Type Curve Analysis Removes Limitations of Conventional After-Closure Analysis of DFIT Data (2014)

Abstract Prefrac pressure diagnostics, including fracture-injection/falloff sequences, have been used for several years to estimate initial reservoir pressure and transmissibility in unconventional reservoirs. Prior to performing pressure diagnostics, initial or average reservoir pressure is almost always unknown, and many times the purpose of a pressure diagnostic is to determine initial reservoir pressure. As shown by several authors, when a pressure diagnostic falloff exhibits bilinear, linear, or radial flow, the initial or average reservoir pressure can be determined from special plots using straight-line analysis methods. However, correctly identifying the flow regimes during a pressure falloff is often very difficult, and the tendency is to incorrectly apply straight-line analysis methods to data on a specialized plot that often does not correspond to a bilinear, linear, or radial flow regime. In many cases, bilinear, linear, or radial flow will not be observed in any of the falloff data, and valid estimates of initial reservoir pressure and transmissibility cannot be determined using straight-line methods. This paper presents a new type curve analysis method that removes the limitations of conventional after-closure straight- line analysis of pressure diagnostics. Like conventional well test analysis, the new method fits observed pressure data to analytical type curves, and type curve match points are used to determine initial reservoir pressure, transmissibility, fracture half-length, fracture conductivity, and fracture damage. Type curve analysis has proved especially useful for post-frac evaluation of stimulation effectiveness, and has also proved useful in shale reservoirs where it is often difficult to determine if a dilated fracture or fracture network close completely, with no conductivity or retained residual width. Understanding dilation/contraction properties of a shale fracture network can provide important guidance for fracture treatment design and optimization. Type curve analysis has also reduced the amount of shut-in time required to obtain a quantitative estimate of reservoir and fracture properties albeit with increasing uncertainty as shut-in time decreases.
Thermally Induced Silane Dehydrocoupling on Silicon Nanostructures (2016)

Organic trihydridosilanes can be grafted to hydrogen-terminated porous Si nanostructures with no catalyst. The reaction proceeds efficiently at 80 °C, and it shows little sensitivity to air or water impurities. The modified surfaces are stable to corrosive aqueous solutions and common organic solvents. Octadecylsilane H3 Si(CH2 )17 CH3 , and functional silanes H3 Si(CH2 )11 Br, H3 Si(CH2 )9 CH=CH2 , and H3 Si(CH2 )2 (CF2 )5 CF3 are readily grafted. When performed on a mesoporous Si wafer, the perfluoro reagent yields a superhydrophobic surface (contact angle 151°). The bromo-derivative is converted to azide, amine, or alkyne functional surfaces via standard transformations, and the utility of the method is demonstrated by loading of the antibiotic ciprofloxaxin (35 % by mass). When intrinsically photoluminescent porous Si films or nanoparticles are used, photoluminescence is retained in the grafted products, indicating that the chemistry does not introduce substantial nonradiative surface traps.
Fusion with E2A Converts the Pbx1 Homeodomain Protein into a Constitutive Transcriptional Activator in Human Leukemias Carrying the t(1;19) Translocation (1994)

E2A-PBX1 is a chimeric gene formed by the t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) chromosomal translocation of pediatric pre-B-cell leukemia. The E2A-Pbx1 fusion protein contains sequences encoding the transactivation domain of E2A joined to a majority of the Pbx1 protein, which contains a novel homeodomain. Earlier, we found that expression of E2A-Pbx1 causes malignant transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and induces myeloid leukemia in mice. Here we demonstrate that the homeodomains encoded by PBX1, as well as by the highly related PBX2 and PBX3 genes, bind the DNA sequence ATCAATCAA. E2A-Pbx1 strongly activates transcription in vivo through this motif, while Pbx1 does not. This finding suggests that E2A-Pbx1 transforms cells by constitutively activating transcription of genes regulated by Pbx1 or by other members of the Pbx protein family.
A description of the NSSL cases used for a simulated VAS retrieval study (1980)

A documentation of eight National Severe Storm Laboratory severe storm cases, which serve as a basis for a simulated VISSR Atmospheric Sounder retrieval study, is presented in this paper. Six of the selected cases provide a control data set to complete the statistical information needed for retrieval techniques based upon the use of regression matrices. The other two cases are to be used in the actual retrieval experiments. The selection was based upon the presence of moisture gradients in the analysis region, the availability of satellite images at the selected time periods, and the extent of cloud cover within the observing network.
National Cyber Range Overview (2014)

The National Cyber Range (NCR) is an innovative Department of Defense (DoD) resource originally established by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and now under the purview of the Test Resource Management Center (TRMC). It provides a unique environment for cyber security testing throughout the program development life cycle using unique methods to assess resiliency to advanced cyberspace security threats. This paper describes what a cyber security range is, how it might be employed, and the advantages a program manager (PM) can gain in applying the results of range events. Creating realism in a test environment isolated from the operational environment is a special challenge in cyberspace. Representing the scale and diversity of the complex DoD communications networks at a fidelity detailed enough to realistically portray current and anticipated attack strategies (e.g., Malware, distributed denial of service attacks, cross-site scripting) is complex. The NCR addresses this challenge by representing an Internet-like environment by employing a multitude of virtual machines and physical hardware augmented with traffic emulation, port/protocol/service vulnerability scanning, and data capture tools. Coupled with a structured test methodology, the PM can efficiently and effectively engage with the Range to gain cyberspace resiliency insights. The NCR capability, when applied, allows the DoD to incorporate cyber security early to avoid high cost integration at the end of the development life cycle. This paper provides an overview of the resources of the NCR which may be especially helpful for DoD PMs to find the best approach for testing the cyberspace resiliency of their systems under development.
Automatic summarization for personal digital photos (2004)

With the rapid development and wide spread of digital cameras, sizable personal digital image libraries would become mainstay of our digital assets for recording pictorial memories in our lives. As a matter of fact, most consumers cannot afford the time to annotate and organize their personal digital photos, they would face genuine problem of accessing them effectively and efficiently. More often than not, consumers wish to share a selective summary of their images with their relatives and friends, increasingly using remote repository services and messaging services (emails, multimedia message service). In this paper, we address this issue with automatic organization based on analysis of time stamps and image content to facilitate browsing and summarization of personal digital photos. In particular, both photo creation time and image content are exploited to efficiently partition related images in two stages. From the partitions, key photos are selected to represent the partition based on content analysis and then collated to generate a summary, which can be enjoyed as a slide show for visual communication. We demonstrate our approach on genuine heterogeneous personal digital photos with encouraging results. We also develop a photo summarization application with multimedia message service on Nokia 7650 camera phone emulator.
Small molecules make big differences: molecular doping effects on electronic and optical properties of phosphorene (2015)

Systematical computations on the density functional theory were performed to investigate the adsorption of three typical organic molecules, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), on the surface of phosphorene monolayers and thicker layers. There exist considerable charge transfer and strong non-covalent interaction between these molecules and phosphorene. In particular, the band gap of phosphorene decreases dramatically due to the molecular modification and can be further tuned by applying an external electric field. Meanwhile, surface molecular modification has proven to be an effective way to enhance the light harvesting of phosphorene in different directions. Our results predict a flexible method toward modulating the electronic and optical properties of phosphorene and shed light on its experimental applications.
QuickEdit: Editing Text and Translations by Crossing Words Out (2018)

David Grangier, Michael Auli. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
Gateway vectors for plant transformation (2009)

The availability of complete plant genome sequences has opened a new era of plant molecular research using approaches such as comprehensive expression analysis, ectopic expression and gene knockdown. For such purposes, new tools realizing easy and rapid construction of recombinant plasmids are required. Here, we describe Gateway cloning compatible binary vectors for post-genomic research in plant genetic engineering. The vectors comprise a variety of reporters, epitope tags and selective markers that should make them useful for construction of plasmids for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants. We also describe vectors for promoter swapping using Gateway cloning technology.
Invited Commentary to: 'Arthroscopy of Total Knee Arthroplasties: Indications and Technical Problems' (Eur Surg 2002;34:309 - 311) (2002)

Summary: Background : Postoperative complaints after total knee arthroplasty range from restriction in range of motion, recurrent swelling, and soft tissue impingement through to prosthesis failure with no obvious radiological abnormality. This study looks at the indications and technical problems of arthroscopy in the treatment of symptomatic total knee arthroplasty. Methods : Fourteen arthroscopies were performed between 3 days and 10 years following total knee arthroplasty. Six of these cases presented significantly decreased range of motion, four had proximal medial joint line pain, two had pain with no obvious cause, one had a suspected patella incongruence with metal-back contact, and one case had a postoperative haemarthrosis. Results : Arthroscopy revealed adhesions and intra-articular fibrous bands resulting in incongruence of the patellofemoral joint and decreased range of motion. Medial compartment pain was due to pseudomeniscal hypertrophic villous synovium. In one case, the pain was due to chronic infection and open synovectomy was undertaken. A fracture of the polyethylene inlet was found by arthroscopy in one case. The suspected patella malalignment with metal-back contact was confirmed by arthroscopy. Technical problems encompassed mirror images, the possibility of damaging the components by arthroscopic manipulation, and the variants of prosthesis. Conclusions : Arthroscopy of total knee arthroplasties is a good minimally invasive method for the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative dysfunction, such as arthrofibrosis, soft tissue impingement, patella instability, infection, breakdown of implants and haemarthrosis.
The Effects of Surfactants on Lipase-Catalysed Hydrolysis of Esters: Activities and Stereoselectivity (1994)

The effect of surfactants on the hydrolysis of prochiral and chiral substrates by crude and purified porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL, EC 3.1.1.3)) has been studied. Rather than accelerating the reactions, surfactants slowed down (“inhibited”) the reactions relative to the rate in the absence of surfactant. Surfactants varied in the extent to which the reaction was inhibited. With the crude enzyme there was a correlation between degree of inhibition and the optical purity of the product of hydrolysis of an achiral diester substrate 1. There was no special effect associated with use of surfactants in the concentration range corresponding to critical micelle formation, nor was there any increase in rate of reaction when stable emulsions were formed by using mixtures of surfactants to generate an appropriate hydrophile-lipophile (HLB) balance. A study of the effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on the hydrolysis of the diester 1 by crude PPL showed that the rate of the reaction steadily decreased with increasing surfactant concentration, but that the optical purity of the product first fell and then rose gain, an effect attributed to the differential denaturing action of the surfactant on at least three hydrolytic enzymes. In general, there would seem to be no advantage to be gained from the use of surfactants in the hydrolysis by PPL of compounds of low water solubility; the use of an immiscible co-solvent is more effective.
Conditional β-Catenin Loss in Mice Promotes Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis: Role of Oxidative Stress and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling† (2010)

Loss of beta-catenin impairs the liver's ability to counteract DEN-induced oxidative stress and enhances tumorigenesis through PDGFRalpha/PIK3CA/Akt signaling. Blockade of PDGFRalpha or oxidative stress dramatically affects beta-catenin-deficient tumorigenesis. Also, hepatoma cells use PDGFRalpha/PIK3CA signaling as an escape mechanism following beta-catenin suppression, and their sequential suppression profoundly impedes tumor proliferation.
Identification of transcription factor binding sites with variable-order Bayesian networks (2005)

We apply the VOBN model to a set of 238 experimentally verified sigma-70 binding sites in Escherichia coli. We find that the VOBN model can distinguish these 238 sites from a set of 472 intergenic 'non-promoter' sequences with a higher accuracy than fixed-order Markov models or Bayesian trees. We use a replicated stratified-holdout experiment having a fixed true-negative rate of 99.9%. We find that for a foreground inhomogeneous VOBN model of order 1 and a background homogeneous variable-order Markov (VOM) model of order 5, the obtained mean true-positive (TP) rate is 47.56%. In comparison, the best TP rate for the conventional models is 44.39%, obtained from a foreground PWM model and a background 2nd-order Markov model. As the standard deviation of the estimated TP rate is approximately 0.01%, this improvement is highly significant.
<i>Wrch-1</i>, a novel member of the Rho gene family that is regulated by Wnt-1 (2001)

We report the isolation and cloning of the Wrch-1 (Wnt-1 responsive Cdc42 homolog) cDNA. Wrch-1 is a novel gene whose mRNA level increases in response to Wnt-1 signaling in Wnt-1 transformed cells, Wnt-1 transgene induced mouse mammary tumors, and Wnt-1 retrovirus infected cells. Wrch-1 encodes a homolog of the Rho family of GTPases. It shares 57% amino acid sequence identity with Cdc42, but possesses a unique N-terminal domain that contains several putative PXXP SH3-binding motifs. Like Cdc42, Wrch-1 can activate PAK-1 and JNK-1, and induce filopodium formation and stress fiber dissolution. Active Wrch-1 stimulates quiescent cells to reenter the cell cycle. Moreover, overexpression of Wrch-1 phenocopies Wnt-1 in morphological transformation of mouse mammary epithelial cells. Taken together, Wrch-1 could mediate the effects of Wnt-1 signaling in the regulation of cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and cell proliferation.
Behavioral correlates of action potentials recorded chronically inside the Cone Electrode (1992)

Long-term recording of stable action potentials with a new electrode configuration has been achieved for up to 15 months in monkeys. Action potentials are separated from the continuous multi-unit recordings made between two wires inside a glass open ended cone implanted in the motor cortex. Neural tissue is induced to grow into the glass cone by autologous sciatic nerve placed inside prior to implantation. Data presented here show that behavioral correlates of neural activity are related to flexion and extension movements of the contralateral hand and digits. These data suggest that this electrode can be used in both basic and applied studies.
Graphene oxide nanosheet: an emerging star material for novel separation membranes (2014)

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, graphene oxide nanosheets represent an emerging star material for novel separation membranes.
Case-control study of ovarian cancer and polymorphisms in genes involved in catecholestrogen formation and metabolism. (2001)

Steroid hormones, such as estrogens, appear to be associated with ovarian carcinogenesis, but the precise biological mechanisms are unclear. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate the concentration of estrogens and their metabolites may contribute directly to the individual variation in ovarian cancer risk through a mechanism involving oxidative stress or indirectly by influencing ovarian cancer susceptibility associated with ovulation and reproduction. We conducted a population-based, case-control study of primary ovarian cancer between 1993 and 1999 in Hawaii to test several genetic and related hypotheses. A personal interview and blood specimen were obtained in the subjects' homes. In a sample of 129 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 144 controls, we compared the frequencies of several polymorphisms in genes that regulate steroid hormone metabolism and catecholestrogen formation. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to model the association of each genetic polymorphism separately after adjusting for age, ethnicity, and other covariates. The high-activity Val432 allele of the CYP1B1 gene, which may be linked to oxidative stress through elevated 4-hydroxylated catecholestrogen formation, was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. The Val/Leu genotype for CYP1B1 was associated with an odds ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.3) and the Val/Val genotype with an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-11.4) compared with the Leu/Leu genotype (P = 0.005). Tobacco smokers with at least one CYP1A1 (MspI) m2 allele, one CYP1B1 Val allele, one COMT Met allele, or two CYP1A2 A alleles were at significantly increased risk of ovarian cancer compared to never-smokers with CYP1A1 (MspI) ml/ml, CYP1B1 Leu/Leu, COMT Val/Val, or CYP1A2 A/A genotypes, respectively. We found a positive statistical interaction (P = 0.03) between tobacco smoking and the CYP1A1 (MspI) polymorphism on the risk of ovarian cancer. None of the other gene-environment (pregnancy, oral contraceptive pill use) or gene-gene interactions were statistically significant. Although not significant, there was a suggestion that the effect of the CYP1B1 Val allele was reduced substantially in the presence of the high-activity COMT Met allele. These findings suggest that the CYP1B1-Val allele and perhaps other genetic polymorphisms in combination with environmental or hormonal exposures are susceptibility factors for ovarian cancer.
On the oximation of diaryl‐β‐diketones (1992)

Abstract The reaction of asymmetrically substituted β‐diketones with hydroxylamine to give 3,5‐diarylisoxazoles has been re‐investigated, and has been found to occur with a low degree of site‐selectivity unless steric effects are operating. The isoxazole that has the more electron‐deficient aryl group in position 3 is formed preferentially when the reactions are run with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. When the reactions are performed in a neutral medium, a reversed site‐selectivity is observed. Steric effects have a much stronger influence on the selectivity of the reaction: when a substituent is present in the ortho position(s) of the phenyl ring, the heterocycle bearing the ortho ‐substituted phenyl group in position 5 is obtained as the sole product both in acidic and in neutral medium.
Pleiotropic effect of the human T-cell leukemia virus Tax protein on the DNA binding activity of eukaryotic transcription factors. (1993)

The Tax protein, encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I, is a potent activator of viral and cellular gene transcription. Tax does not bind DNA directly but appears to trans-activate through an interaction with host-cell transcription factors that recognize sequences within the promoters of Tax-responsive genes. Cellular transcriptional activators implicated in mediating Tax trans-activation include members of the activating transcription factor/cAMP response element binding protein (ATF/CREB) family of proteins, serum response factor, Fos-Jun, and NF-kappa B. Recent evidence suggests that Tax may stimulate human T-cell leukemia virus type I transcription, at least in part, through enhanced binding of ATF/CREB proteins to their recognition elements within the Tax-responsive 21-bp repeats of the viral promoter. In this report, we demonstrate that Tax also enhances the site-specific DNA binding activity of serum response factor and Fos-Jun and modestly enhances the binding of the NF-kappa B subunits, p50 and p65. We also show that Tax increases the DNA binding activity of the eukaryotic transcription factors ATF-1, Sp1, and GAL4. These results are consistent with the finding that Tax is highly pleiotropic and suggest that Tax trans-activation may involve enhancement in the DNA binding activity of target transcriptional regulatory proteins. In addition, we show that the mechanism of Tax-enhanced DNA binding activity does not involve an alteration in the redox state of the target protein.
Hohe Verfestigung der Arbeitslosigkeit in Ostdeutschland (1998)

Es wird die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit unter Berücksichtigung von Teilnahmen an arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen im Längsschnitt untersucht. Außerdem werden Zirkularitätseffekte und Einflussfaktoren auf die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit analysiert.
Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are glycolytic and thus glucose is a limiting factor of in vitro models of MSC starvation (2016)

Our results demonstrated a rapid uptake of glucose in MSC cultures that was due to a highly glycolytic phenotype for the cells; MSC starvation with serum or other nutrients appears to have a less notable effect on the cells. These findings highlight the importance of glucose and glucose metabolism on MSC function. The conditions and cellular responses outlined here may be essential in modeling MSC nutrient deprivation.
Implementation of a self-tuning controller using digital signal processor chips (1989)

Implementation aspects of a self-tuning motion controller, which uses the Texas Instruments TMS32010 digital signal processor (DSP) chip, are described. The potential advantages in using a DSP chip include reduction in operation time, development time, and cost. The self-tuning controller can track variations in system parameters as well as system disturbances. Algorithms are described, experimental results are presented, and implementation strategies to overcome limitations of such systems are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>