gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrated IMU, GNSS and Image Recognition Sensor for Pedestrian Navigation (2009)

Foot mounted inertial sensors provide a promising method
for accurate pedestrian positioning. By mounting sensors on
a user’s foot, the accumulated position drift from dead reckoning
can be reduced by applying zero velocity updates using
a Kalman filter every time a user takes a step. However,
such a system will still suffer from position drift unless occasional
position updates are available. This paper describes
a novel method for restricting such position drift using an
image recognition algorithm. Firstly, a database of images
and their locations is constructed over an area of interest.
A user then navigates the area using foot-mounted inertial
sensors and a video camera. As images are acquired, they
are used to search the database of images using the Image
Bag-of-Words algorithm. When new images are successfully
matched with images in the database, the position from
the database is used to update the inertial position using a
Kalman filter. GNSS updates can also be used in the filter
when available. The integrated inertial and vision system is
demonstrated to provide better than 10m accuracy (typically
1-5m) over a period of 21 minutes. The system is relatively
inexpensive, could run in real-time, does not require costly
infrastructure, and could be deployed over larger areas.
Comparison of Prostaglandin F2α, Bimatoprost (Prostamide), and Butaprost (EP2 Agonist) on Cyr61 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression (2003)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Cyr61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61) are members of the CCN gene family that encode multifunctional, extracellular matrix-associated signaling proteins. Because the mechanism of action of certain anti-glaucoma drugs involves extracellular matrix remodeling of ocular ciliary muscle, with a resultant increase in drainage of aqueous humor from the eye, we compared the effects of three pharmacologically distinct ocular hypotensive agents on Cyr61 and CTGF gene expression. Thus, prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) (FP receptor agonist), Butaprost (EP2 receptor agonist), and Bimatoprost (a prostamide) were compared. Using Affymetrix gene chip technology, we first identified that PGF2alpha dramatically up-regulated Cyr61 and CTGF mRNA expression in HEK 293/EBNA cells (hFP-HEK 293/EBNA). Northern blot further confirmed the Cyr61 and CTGF up-regulation is in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PGF2alpha-induced up-regulation of Cyr61 appeared to exclusively involve the Rho pathway, and up-regulation of CTGF was via multiple intracellular pathways. Because prostamide receptors are, to date, defined only at the pharmacological level, Bimatoprost effects on Cyr61 and CTGF were studied in the isolated feline iris sphincter preparation, a tissue highly responsive to prostamides. Both PGF2alpha and Bimatoprost up-regulated Cyr61 mRNA expression in the cat iris tissue. Only PGF2alpha up-regulated CTGF mRNA expression in the cat iris. Therefore, PGF2alpha and Bimatoprost appear to interact with different receptors populations in the cat iris, according to their markedly different effects on CTGF. Activation of prostaglandin EP2 receptors (Gs-coupled) also up-regulated Cyr61 but not CTGF mRNA expression in the isolated cat iris. Similar data were observed in human primary ciliary smooth muscle cells. Thus, despite quite different signal transduction pathways, FP receptor stimulation up-regulates CTGF and Cyr61. The prostamide analog Bimatoprost and an EP2-selective agonist affects only Cyr61.
<i>IN SITU</i> SAPHENOUS VEIN BYPASS: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY COMPLICATIONS (1988)

Since adopting the in situ, non-reversed saphenous vein technique for bypass procedures in the leg early in 1986, 50 bypasses have been performed in selected patients, primarily for limb salvage. A Mills valvulotome was used for retrograde disruption of the saphenous valves, after exposure of the whole length of vein. Significant peri-operative complications occurred in nine patients and were strongly associated with technical factors. Early graft occlusion (n = 2) and residual arteriovenous fistulae (n = 2) were revised by timely reoperation, resulting in early (30 day) patency of all but one graft. In seven patients, angioscopic visualization of the valve division process was tested as a method of ensuring complete valvulotomy, while avoiding trauma to the vein wall. Distal anastomosis to the popliteal artery above the knee or close below the knee caused a considerable degree of graft angulation, which was exacerbated by flexion of the leg, whereas anastomosis to the more distal popliteal artery or tibial vessels resulted in a favourable curvature of the graft. Lessons learned during this initial experience and aspects of technique for prevention of complications are presented.
Reversal of Fortune for <i>Drosophila</i> Geneticists? (2000)

Although Drosophila is a wonderful model organism, there is one molecular arena where it lags far behind its yeast and mouse model counterparts. Reverse genetics, whereby a piece of DNA is integrated into a target gene such that the gene is disrupted or replaced, is not easy in Drosophila. As Engels explains in his provocative Perspective, this may be set to change with the description of a new method for reverse genetics in Drosophila (Rong and Golic). This new technique should ensure that Drosophila remains the darling of geneticists for many years to come.
Magnetic particle hyperthermia—a promising tumour therapy? (2014)

We present a critical review of the state of the art of magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) as a minimal invasive tumour therapy. Magnetic principles of heating mechanisms are discussed with respect to the optimum choice of nanoparticle properties. In particular, the relation between superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic single domain nanoparticles is clarified in order to choose the appropriate particle size distribution and the role of particle mobility for the relaxation path is discussed. Knowledge of the effect of particle properties for achieving high specific heating power provides necessary guidelines for development of nanoparticles tailored for tumour therapy. Nanoscale heat transfer processes are discussed with respect to the achievable temperature increase in cancer cells. The need to realize a well-controlled temperature distribution in tumour tissue represents the most serious problem of MPH, at present. Visionary concepts of particle administration, in particular by means of antibody targeting, are far from clinical practice, yet. On the basis of current knowledge of treating cancer by thermal damaging, this article elucidates possibilities, prospects, and challenges for establishment of MPH as a standard medical procedure.
K-modification and a novel approach to output feedback adaptive control (2011)

This dissertation presents novel adaptive control laws in both state feedback and output feedback forms. In the setting of state feedback adaptive control K-modification provides a tunable stiffness term that results in a frequency dependent filtering effect, smoother\ntransient responses, and time delay robustness in an adaptive system. K-modification\nis combined with the recently developed Kalman filter (KF) based adaptive control and\nderivative-free (DF) adaptive control. K-modification and its combinations with KF adaptive\ncontrol and DF adaptive control preserve the advantages of each of these methods and\ncan also be combined with other modification methods such as - and e-modification. An\nadaptive output feedback control law based on a state observer is also developed. The main\nidea behind this approach is to apply a parameter dependent Riccati equation to output\nfeedback adaptive control. The adaptive output feedback approach assumes that a state\nobserver is employed in the nominal controller design. The observer design is modified\nand employed in the adaptive part of the design in place of a reference model. This is\ncombined with a novel adaptive weight update law. The weight update law ensures that\nestimated states follow both the reference model states and the true states so that both\nstate estimation errors and state tracking errors are bounded. Although the formulation is\nin the setting of model following adaptive control, the realization of the adaptive controller\nuses the observer of the nominal controller in place of the reference model to generate an\nerror signal. Thus the only components that are added by the adaptive controller are the\nrealizations of the basis functions and the weight adaptation law. The realization is even\nless complex than that of implementing a model reference adaptive controller in the case of\nstate feedback. The design procedure of output feedback adaptive control is illustrated with\ntwo examples: a simple wingrock dynamics model and a more complex aeroelastic aircraft\ntransport model.
<title>Ultraviolet scene simulation for missile approach warning system testing</title> (1997)

Ultraviolet (UV) extensions have been incorporated in the Real-time IR/EO Scene Simulator to support hardware-in-the- loop (HWIL) testing of UV missile warning systems. The UV extensions add capability to model missile plume signatures and off-axis atmospheric scattering in the solar blind UV spectral region (200 - 400 nm). Preliminary testing and validation of the UV rendering algorithms were performed. Simulated UV missile signatures were compared to measured static and free-flight test data. This work was performed to support the test and evaluation of modern missile warning systems at Wright labs Integrated Defensive Avionics Lab. This paper will discuss development of HWIL testing capability for UV missile warning receiver systems. Requirements for real-time UV simulation will be defined and a real-time architecture that addresses these requirements will be discussed. Specifically, the development of real- time UV rendering algorithms to support modeling of atmospherics and backgrounds to the UV solar blind wavelength region will be outlined. Issues regarding implementation of spatial UV scattering effects in a real- time rendering environment will be addressed. Development of the UV sensor model, and its potential implementation in a real-time hardware/software direct injection device will be illustrated. The results of some preliminary validation using laboratory and live firing test data will also be discussed.
Study of the Reactions between (+)-Catechin and Furfural Derivatives in the Presence or Absence of Anthocyanins and Their Implication in Food Color Change (2000)

(+)-catechin was separately incubated with furfural or with 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and the formation of new oligomeric bridged compounds having flavanol units linked by furfuryl or 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl groups was observed. LC/ESI-MS analyses detected four dimeric adducts along with intermediate adducts in each solution, and reaction was faster with furfural than with hydroxymethylfurfural. In addition, new compounds exhibiting the same UV--visible spectra as xanthylium salts with absorption maxima around 440 nm were also detected. When malvidin 3-O-glucoside or cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was added to the mixtures, new oligomeric colorless and colored pigments involving both (+)-catechin and anthocyanin moieties were detected, showing thus that the two polyphenols competed in the condensation process. Among the obtained colored pigment adducts, two dimeric compounds in which the flavanol was bridged to the anthocyanin were observed. Their UV-visible spectra were similar to the spectrum of malvidin 3-O-glucoside, but their maximum in the visible region was bathochromically shifted.
Circuit Switching (1979)

Currently there is a considerable interest in the development of digital communication techniques. This interest is due to the development of distributed processing concepts,1,2,3to changing regulatory policies of the US Government (the Carterfone decision and subsequent FCC rulings), and to the development of large networks.4 One widely used communication technique that has tremendous growth potential is circuit switching. There are two primary reasons for computer-oriented people to be interested in circuit switching. First, the computer plays a major role in the control and implementation of a circuit switch.5 Second, circuit switches have been used as the interconnection structure for systems containing (or hypothesized to contain) a multiplicity of processing elements.2,5,6
Changes and Roles of Secondary Structures of Whey Protein for the Formation of Protein Membrane at Soy Oil/Water Interface under High-Pressure Homogenization (2007)

The conformational changes of whey proteins upon adsorption at the soy oil/water interface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Significant changes were observed in the bands assigned to beta-sheets and alpha-helix structures following the adsorption of proteins at the oil/water interface. The remaining interfacial proteins after Tween 20 desorption revealed small changes in beta-sheet and alpha-helical structures, whereas in the desorbed whey proteins the unordered structures largely increased, and beta-sheet structures almost disappeared. These FT-IR results provide important knowledge about the conformational modifications in whey proteins occurring upon adsorption at the oil/water interface. Finally, specific conformational changes are necessary to stabilize emulsions: adsorption-induced unfolding, increase in alpha-helical structures to establish interactions with the oil phase, and aggregation between adsorbed whey proteins to form protein membranes. Moreover, the structural changes in whey protein adsorbed at the oil/water interface under high-pressure homogenization are irreversible.
Overview of the Purification of Recombinant Proteins Produced in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

The updated version of this unit presents an overview of recombinant protein purification with special emphasis on proteins expressed in E. coli. The first section deals with information pertinent to protein purification that can be derived from translation of the cDNA sequence. This is followed by a discussion of common problems associated with bacterial protein expression. A flow chart summarizes approaches for establishing solubility and localization of bacterially produced proteins. Purification strategies for both soluble and insoluble proteins are also reviewed. A section on glycoproteins produced in bacteria in the nonglycosylated state is included to emphasize that, although they may not be useful for in vivo studies, such proteins are well suited for structural studies. Finally, protein handling, scale and aims of purification, and specialized equipment needed for recombinant protein purification and characterization are discussed. The methodologies and approaches described here are essentially suitable for laboratory-scale operations.
Low core losses and magnetic properties of Fe85-86Si1-2B8P4Cu1 nanocrystalline alloys with high <i>B</i> for power applications (invited) (2011)

Recently, the energy crisis and the continued growth in electrical power generation strongly demand minimization of wasteful energy dissipation. Magnetic core loss (W) is the main source of energy dissipation in motors and transformers. This requires the development of soft magnetic materials with low coercivity (Hc) and high magnetic flux density (B). Fe-rich Fe85-86Si1-2B8P4Cu1 (at. %) alloy ribbons made from industrial raw materials (containing some impurities) with 6 mm in width have a heteroamorphous structure containing a large number of extremely small Fe grains (less than 3 nm), resulting from the unique effects of P and Cu addition in proper amounts. Crystallization of these alloys by annealing shows a uniform precipitation of α-Fe, leading to a uniform nanocrystallized structure of α-Fe grains, 16–19 nm in size, accompanied by an intergranular amorphous layer about 1 nm in width. The wide ribbons exhibit high B of 1.82–1.85 T (at 800 A/m), almost comparable to commercial oriented Fe–3 mass% Si alloys. Excellent magnetic softness (low Hc of 2.6–5.8 A/m, high permeability of 2.4–2.7 × 104 at 1 kHz and small saturation magnetostriction of 2.3–2.4 × 10−6) along with high electrical resistivity (0.67–0.74 μΩ m) of these alloys result in superior frequency characteristics of core losses and a much lower W at 50 Hz up to the maximum induction of 1.75 T, in comparison to the silicon steels now in practical use for power applications.
Establishment of T-Lymphoid Cell Lines from Morroccan Patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (1992)

Two T-cell lines were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two Moroccan patients with tropical spastic paraparesis and then named PR52 and PR144. The two cell lines showed a T lineage of activated CD4+ with high density of Tac+ (IL2 receptor). No expression of CD8 was observed. The virus particles were detected by reverse transcriptase activity and the viral antigens were also detected by immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot. After six months of culture greater than 90% of the cells exhibited HTLVI antigen by IF. Lysate virus particles on Western blot analysis revealed p19,p24, and p53 gag protein similar to those detected in C91/PL virus particles from an adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patient. gp46 and gp61 were also weakly detected. These two T-cell lines established will serve as substrate for further comparative studies on TSP and ATL isolates.
Purification and Characterization of Cytosolic 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Isozymes from Maize (1992)

Cytosolic isozymes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were purified from roots of maize (Zea mays L.). The final preparation contained two 55-kD proteins. Affinity-purified dehydrogenases from a maize line that is null for both cytosolic 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase isozymes (Pgd1-null, Pgd2-null) lacked the 55-kD proteins. The substrate kinetics of the purified enzyme were determined.
Image Sharpening Using Permutation Weighted Medians (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
DuP 753 Increases Survival in Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke-Prone Rats Fed a High Sodium Diet (1991)

We studied the effects of the nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, DuP 753, on blood pressure, body weight, plasma renin activity, sodium excretion, and mortality in male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) fed a 4% NaCl diet for 12 weeks. The rise in blood pressure, due to high sodium intake, was blunted in the first 8 weeks of the study in the DuP 753-treated group; however, it started slowly to rise in the following weeks. In the untreated group, blood pressure rose steadily and it was significantly higher than that of the treated group during the whole experimental period. DuP 753-treated rats gained weight continuously during the study in contrast to the untreated group, where weight gain was arrested after 4 weeks. Plasma renin activity rose significantly after 4 weeks of treatment with DuP 753; by week 6 its values returned to baseline values and remained at these lower values until week 12. In the untreated group, plasma renin activity was not suppressed by high sodium intake after 4 weeks; it continued to rise and it was significantly elevated by 8 and 12 weeks. Survival at 12 weeks was 84% in DuP 753-treated group and 26% in the untreated group. The data demonstrate that DuP 753 decreased mortality and dramatically blunted the blood pressure rise in SHRsp fed a high sodium diet.
Motion sickness in public road transport: the effect of driver, route and vehicle (1999)

Relationships between vehicle motion and passenger sickness have been investigated in a survey of 3256 passengers travelling on 56 mainland UK bus or coach journeys. Vehicle motion was measured throughout all journeys, yielding over 110 h of six-axis coach motion data from five types of coach and 17 different drivers. Overall, 28.4% of passengers reported feelings of illness, 12.8% reported nausea and 1.7% reported vomiting during coach travel. Passenger nausea and illness ratings increased with increased exposure to lateral coach motion at low frequencies (< 0.5 Hz). Motion in other axes correlated less well with sickness, although there were some intercorrelations between the motions in the different axes. Sickness levels among passengers were greater with drivers who drove to produce higher average magnitudes of fore-and-aft and lateral vehicle motion. Nausea occurrence was greater on routes classified as being predominantly cross-country where magnitudes of lateral vehicle motion were significantly higher. Lateral motion and motion sickness increased from the front to the rear of each vehicle. No significant differences in sickness were found between the five different vehicle types used in the study. The applicability of a motion sickness dose model to these data is discussed.
Dual Redox Responsive Assemblies Formed from Diselenide Block Copolymers (2009)

A block copolymer with diselenide bonds in the polymer backbone was reported. This block copolymer was capable of forming micellar aggregates that were responsive to redox stimuli. Compared with other redox responsive aggregates, this type of diselenide-containing block copolymer aggregates could be responsive to both oxidants and reductants even in a solution with a very low concentration under mild conditions.
Aethalometer - an instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles (1983)

We describe an instrument that measures the concentration of optically absorbing aerosol particles in real time. This absorption is normally due to black carbon, which is a good tracer for combustion emission. The minimum resolving times range from seconds in urban environments to minutes in remote locations. We present results obtained during operation on an aircraft. Due to the time resolution capability, we can determine the spatial distributions of absorbing aerosol. From the Greek word for to blacken with soot, we have named this instrument the aethalometer.
Fast generation of digitally reconstructed radiograph through an efficient preprocessing of ray attenuation values (2016)

Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) are a simulation of radiographic images produced through a perspective projection of the three-dimensional (3D) image (volume) onto a two-dimensional (2D) image plane. The traditional method for the generation of DRRs, namely ray-casting, is a computationally intensive process and accounts for most of solution time in 3D/2D medical image registration frameworks, where a large number of DRRs is required. A few alternate methods for a faster DRR generation have been proposed, the most successful of which are based on the idea of pre-calculating the attenuation value of possible rays. Despite achieving good quality, these methods support a limited range of motion for the volume and entail long pre-calculation time. In this paper, we propose a new preprocessing procedure and data structure for the calculation of the ray attenuation values. This method supports all possible volume positions with practically small memory requirements in addition to reducing the complexity of the problem from O(<i>n</i><sup>3</sup>) to O(<i>n</i><sup>2</sup>). In our experiments, we generated DRRs of high quality in 63 milliseconds with a preprocessing time of 99.48 seconds and a memory size of 7.45 megabytes.