gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N- and C-terminal residues combine in the fusion-pH influenza hemagglutinin HA <sub>2</sub> subunit to form an N cap that terminates the triple-stranded coiled coil (1999)

The structure of a stable recombinant ectodomain of influenza hemagglutinin HA(2) subunit, EHA(2) (23-185), defined by proteolysis studies of the intact bacterial-expressed ectodomain, was determined to 1.9-A resolution by using x-ray crystallography. The structure reveals a domain composed of N- and C-terminal residues that form an N cap terminating both the N-terminal alpha-helix and the central coiled coil. The N cap is formed by a conserved sequence, and part of it is found in the neutral pH conformation of HA. The C-terminal 23 residues of the ectodomain form a 72-A long nonhelical structure ordered to within 7 residues of the transmembrane anchor. The structure implies that continuous alpha helices are not required for membrane fusion at either the N or C termini. The difference in stability between recombinant molecules with and without the N cap sequences suggests that additional free energy for membrane fusion may become available after the formation of the central triple-stranded coiled coil and insertion of the fusion peptide into the target membrane.
Post-Ordering by Parsing with ITG for Japanese-English Statistical Machine Translation (2013)

Word reordering is a difficult task for translation between languages with widely different word orders, such as Japanese and English. A previously proposed post-ordering method for Japanese-to-English translation first translates a Japanese sentence into a sequence of English words in a word order similar to that of Japanese, then reorders the sequence into an English word order. We employed this post-ordering framework and improved upon its reordering method. The existing post-ordering method reorders the sequence of English words via SMT, whereas our method reorders the sequence by (1) parsing the sequence using ITG to obtain syntactic structures which are similar to Japanese syntactic structures, and (2) transferring the obtained syntactic structures into English syntactic structures according to the ITG. The experiments using Japanese-to-English patent translation demonstrated the effectiveness of our method and showed that both the RIBES and BLEU scores were improved over compared methods.
Inhibition of Mycobacterial Growth by Plumbagin Derivatives (2010)

Electron transport and respiratory pathways are active in both latent and rapidly growing mycobacteria and remain conserved in all mycobacterial species. In mycobacteria, menaquinone is the sole electron carrier responsible for electron transport. Menaquinone biosynthesis pathway is found to be essential for the growth of mycobacteria. Structural analogs of the substrate or product of this pathway are found to be inhibitory for the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis. Several plumbagin [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthaquinone] derivatives have been analyzed for their inhibitory effects of which butyrate plumbagin was found to be most effective on M. smegmatis mc(2)155, whereas crotonate plumbagin showed greater activity on M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Effect on electron transport and respiration was demonstrated by butyrate plumbagin inhibiting oxygen consumption in M. smegmatis. Structural modifications of these molecules can further be improved upon to generate new molecules against mycobacteria.
3-[(2-Ethoxyphenoxy)methyl]piperidine derivatives. Synthesis and antidepressant activity (1987)

The 3-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)methyl]piperidine derivatives 3-5 were synthesized and screened as potential antidepressant agents by the reserpine interaction test in mice and the evaluation of reuptake inhibition of biogenic amines in pig brain synaptosomal fractions. In addition, their anticonvulsant activity, tested by pentyleneetrazole antagonism, and approximate acute toxicity were evaluated. In vivo and in vitro tests showed that compounds 3 and 5 possess a biological activity comparable to that of the antidepressant drug viloxazine.
New experimental approach to study host tissue response to surgical mesh materials <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Implantation of surgical meshes is a common procedure to increase abdominal wall stability in hernia repair. To improve biocompatibility of the implants, sophisticated in vivo animal models are needed to study inflammation and incorporation of biomaterials. Herein, we have established a new model that allows for the quantitative analysis of host tissue response and vascular ingrowth into surgical mesh materials in vivo. Ultrapro meshes were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of Syrian golden hamsters. Angiogenesis, microhemodynamics, microvascular permeability, and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction of the host tissue were analyzed in response to material implantation over a 2-week period using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Mesh implantation resulted in a short-term activation of leukocytes, reflected by leukocyte accumulation and adherence in postcapillary venules. This cellular inflammatory response was accompanied by an increase of macromolecular leakage, indicating loss of integrity of venular endothelial cells. Angiogenesis started at day 3 after implantation by protrusion of capillary sprouts, originating from the host microvasculature. Until day 10, these sprouts interconnected with each other to form a new microvascular network. At day 14, the inflammatory response had disappeared and the vascular ingrowth was completed. Histology confirmed the formation of granulation tissue with adequate incorporation of the mesh filaments within the host tissue. We conclude that this novel model of surgical mesh implantation is a useful experimental approach to analyze host tissue response and vascular ingrowth of newly devised materials for hernia repair.
Intellectual and Psychological Performance in Males Born Small for Gestational Age (2003)

All male singletons born without congenital malformations in Sweden between 1973 and 1978 and conscripted between January 1991 and January 1997 (n = 254426) were studied. Intellectual and psychological performance was tested at conscription. Males born small for gestational age (SGA) had lower results on both intellectual and psychological performance testing. Among males born SGA, low mean scores in both tests were constantly more common in those without catch-up growth than in those with catch-up growth. In conclusion, being born SGA is associated with an increased risk of subnormal intellectual and psychological performance. Catch-up growth is associated with a reduced risk of subnormal performance in males born SGA.
Marriage squeeze and changes in family formation: historical comparative evidence in Spain, France, and United States in the XXth century (2004)

The effects of cohort sizes on family formation have been thoroughly studied, following Easterlin's seminal work, which identifies the labor market as the explanatory factor. The present paper proposes a different but converging hypothesis: with universal female marriage, women in shrinking birth-cohorts would marry younger and in greater proportions, that is, the marriage market would be the explanatory factor. This kind of marriage squeeze should have rapid stimulating effects on female nuptiality, contrary to small effects where there is an excess of females. In two earlier works, the authors have developed the mechanisms of adjustment and tested them successfully for 20th Century Spain, predicting from findings a reversal of fertility trends performed by the cohorts born after 1980. Using recent comparable census microdata, through IPUMS-International, the study is extended now to France and United States, where we seek to generalize the proof. These cases differ by their chronologies and by the imbalances of sexes at specific moments, such as post World War II.
Mining Related Queries from Query Logs Based on Linear Regression (2008)

In this paper a novel linear regression model is proposed to mine related queries from query logs. Three types of association relationships between queries are identified and leveraged in our model, which include query session co-occurence, URL-clicked sharing and text similarity. Previous work directly applies part of these relations, which may be largely affected by the noise in query logs, such as the sparsity of click-through data, query-session segmentation errors and noisy clicks. In this work we propose linear regression analysis to identify effective features. In this way, we can effectively deal with the noise issue. The experiments demonstrate that the features identified with linear regression analysis are very effective. Moreover, the performance of our proposed linear regression model outperforms existing methods.
Nucleotide based covalent inhibitors of KRas can only be efficient in vivo if they bind reversibly with GTP-like affinity (2017)

Simple reversible competitive inhibition of nucleotide binding of GTP to Ras family GTPases has long been recognized as an unlikely approach to manipulating the activity of such proteins for experimental or therapeutic purposes. This is due to the high affinity of GTP to GTPases coupled with high cellular GTP concentrations, but also to problems of specificity for the highly conserved binding sites in GTPases. A recent approach suggested that these problems might be overcome by using GDP derivatives that can undergo a covalent reaction with disease specific mutants, in particular addressing inhibition of KRas<sub>G12C</sub> using GDP equipped with an electrophilic group at the β-phosphate. We show here that a major drawback to this approach is a loss of reversible affinity of such β-modified derivatives for Ras of at least 10<sup>4</sup> compared to GTP and GDP. With the help of a thorough kinetic characterization, we show that this leads to covalent reaction times that are too slow to make the compounds attractive for intracellular use, but that generation of a hypothetical reactive GDP derivative that retains the high reversible affinity of GDP/GTP to Ras might be a viable alternative.
Recognition of Schistosome Glycolipids by Immunoglobulin E: Possible Role in Immunity (1999)

To investigate the role of antibody responses to (glyco)lipids in immunity to schistosome infection, lipids extracted from Schistosoma mansoni eggs and adult worms were fractionated, and the antibody isotype profile reactive to the fractionated lipids in a well-characterized S. haematobium-infected population was investigated. In tests of 10 plasma samples it was found that immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity was highest to the fraction containing ceramidepolyhexosides, whereas IgE reactivity was most prominent to both cerebroside- and ceramidepolyhexoside-containing fractions. The fraction containing ceramidepolyhexosides was then tested for reactivity with IgG subclasses and IgE in plasma samples from 66 S. haematobium-infected patients. Considering IgG4 and IgE, isotypes of particular interest in helminth infections, we found that both isotypes recognized egg (glyco)proteins in more than 90% of the infected subjects. However, in the case of glycolipids, IgE reactivity was much more prominent than IgG4 reactivity (found in 80 and 41% of the subjects, respectively). Furthermore, worm glycolipid-specific IgE prior to treatment of the subjects with praziquantel was negatively correlated with egg counts at 2 years posttreatment, indicating that IgE directed towards glycolipids could play an important role in resistance to reinfection.
The regulation of mobile medical applications (2014)

The rapidly expanding number of mobile medical applications have the potential to transform the patient-healthcare provider relationship by improving the turnaround time and reducing costs. In September 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidance to regulate these applications and protect consumers by minimising the risks associated with their unintended use. This guidance distinguishes between the subset of mobile medical apps which may be subject to regulation and those that are not. The marketing claims of the application determine the intent. Areas of concern include compliance with regular updates of the operating systems and of the mobile medical apps themselves. In this article, we explain the essence of this FDA guidance by providing examples and evaluating the impact on academia, industry and other key stakeholders, such as patients and clinicians. Our assessment indicates that awareness and incorporation of the guidelines into product development can hasten the commercialisation and market entry process. Furthermore, potential obstacles have been discussed and directions for future development suggested.
Heterologous immunity between viruses (2010)

Immune memory responses to previously encountered pathogens can sometimes alter the immune response to and the course of infection of an unrelated pathogen by a process known as heterologous immunity. This response can lead to enhanced or diminished protective immunity and altered immunopathology. Here, we discuss the nature of T-cell cross-reactivity and describe matrices of epitopes from different viruses eliciting cross-reactive CD8(+) T-cell responses. We examine the parameters of heterologous immunity mediated by these cross-reactive T cells during viral infections in mice and humans. We show that heterologous immunity can disrupt T-cell memory pools, alter the complexity of the T-cell repertoire, change patterns of T-cell immunodominance, lead to the selection of viral epitope-escape variants, alter the pathogenesis of viral infections, and, by virtue of the private specificity of T-cell repertoires within individuals, contribute to dramatic variations in viral disease. We propose that heterologous immunity is an important factor in resistance to and variations of human viral infections and that issues of heterologous immunity should be considered in the design of vaccines.
Sub-Wavelength Profile 2-D Leaky-Wave Antennas With Two Periodic Layers (2010)

A fast and accurate analysis and synthesis technique for high-gain sub-wavelength 2-D Fabry-Perot leaky-wave antennas (LWA) consisting of two periodic metallodielectric arrays over a ground plane is presented. Full-wave method of moments (MoM) together with reciprocity is employed for the estimation of the near fields upon plane wave illumination and the extraction of the radiation patterns of the LWA. This yields a fast and rigorous tool for the characterisation of this type of antennas. A thorough convergence study for different antenna designs is presented and the operation principles of these antennas as well as the radiation characteristics are discussed. Moreover, design guidelines to tailor the antenna profile, the dimensions of the arrays as well as the antenna directivity and bandwidth are provided. A study on the radiation efficiency for antennas with different profiles is also presented and the trade off between directivity and radiation bandwidth is discussed. Numerical examples are given throughout to demonstrate the technique. A finite size antenna model is simulated using commercial software (CST Microstripes 2009) which validates the technique.
Inhibition of Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Conjugate of EPA with β<sup>3,3</sup>-Pip-OH via PI3K/Akt/NF-kB Pathway (2015)

The present work describes the anti-invasive effect of conjugate BC06, a novel conjugate of EPA, (2E,4E)-4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene) hex-2-enoic acid with β,β-disubstituted-β-amino acid, β(3,3)-Pip-OH (2-(4-aminopiperidin-4-yl)acetic acid), in human pancreatic carcinoma. The conjugate BC06 inhibited invasion and migration of PANC-1 cells in wound healing, matrigel invasion, and gelatin degradation assays. Apart from suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling, which is involved in the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases, our study also demonstrated that dose-dependent treatment of BC06 results in the upregulation of TIMP-1 and E-cadherin expression. Further, BC06 was found to be inhibiting the metastatic ability of PANC-1 cells by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. These findings suggest that EPA conjugate with β(3,3)-Pip-OH, BC06, may be used as an anti-invasive agent against human pancreatic carcinoma.
Planetary scaling laws and predictions for Neptune (1988)

In this paper I offer a prediction concerning Neptune's low-frequency radio emission based on the radiometric Bode's law in combination with a recent prediction for Neptune's global magnetic field strength.The latter is based on a dynamo scaling relation derived from the magnetospheric balance condition within planetary cores.The radio emission frequency range is predicted to extend from approximately 100 to 1000 kHz, with a spectral peak between 350 and 500 kHz.A crude estimate of the emission spectral shape, based on Saturn and earth-like models, is shown.If radiation is beamed approximately in the sunward direction, Neptune should be detectable by the Planetary Radio Astronomy experiment onboard the Voyager spacecraft sometime between 45 and 60 days before closest approach.
RESEARCHES ON PYRIMIDINES. CXXI. THE ACTION OF OZONE ON SOME DERIVATIVES OF URACIL (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON PYRIMIDINES. CXXI. THE ACTION OF OZONE ON SOME DERIVATIVES OF URACILTreat B. Johnson and Robert B. FlintCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 3, 1082–1087Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01354a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01354a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Widespread Role for the Flowering-Time Regulators FCA and FPA in RNA-Mediated Chromatin Silencing (2007)

The RRM-domain proteins FCA and FPA have previously been characterized as flowering-time regulators in Arabidopsis. We show that they are required for RNA-mediated chromatin silencing of a range of loci in the genome. At some target loci, FCA and FPA promote asymmetric DNA methylation, whereas at others they function in parallel to DNA methylation. Female gametophytic development and early embryonic development are particularly susceptible to malfunctions in FCA and FPA. We propose that FCA and FPA regulate chromatin silencing of single and low-copy genes and interact in a locus-dependent manner with the canonical small interfering RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway to regulate common targets.
Analysis on Looped Stage-Discharge Relation and Its Simulation using the Numerical Model (2009)

This study is focused on the analysis of loop characteristics of stage-discharge relation which is widely used for the production of discharge data and the simulation of loop stage-discharge relation using the numerical model. Analysis of consecutive stage and discharge data at 3 points revealed that loop of stage-discharge relationship is very strong. This means that the existing single stage-discharge relation may include large amount of error. Various flood events are simulated in mainstream of Han river with one-dimensional numerical model. The calculated stage data are compared with measured data. Especially continuous field-flow measurements concurrently collected with an Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter (ADVM) on Hangang bridge in the case of 2007 flood event are used to verify the model applicability of estimating flows in open channels. This comparison shows that numerical model is an accurate and reliable alternative for making the real stage-discharge relation. Simulation of stage-discharge relation by a numerical model at Paldang and Hangang bridge showed good agreements with measured one, so it may be possible to generate real loop stage-discharge relation with properly calibrated and verified numerical model. It can be concluded that results of this study can contribute to error analysis of conventional single stage-discharge relation and development of loop stage-discharge relation with numerical model.
The application of matched filters to PD detection and localization (2003)

In practice, partial discharge (PD) signals are corrupted mainly by narrowband noise caused by radio communications. Matched filters are very well suited for PD detection in the presence of such noise, since they exploit spectral regions with high SNR to maximize the SNR of a measured PD signal. In addition to its noise suppressing capabilities, a matched filter provides a means to estimate accurately PD pulse magnitude and arrival time. Consequently, PD detection can benefit greatly from the application of matched filters. However, good knowledge of the signal waveform is required. In many cases, such information can be obtained by measurement or modeling of the PD pulse propagation.
The Future of Hearing Aid Technology (2007)

Hearing aids have advanced significantly over the past decade, primarily due to the maturing of digital technology. The next decade should see an even greater number of innovations to hearing aid technology, and this article attempts to predict in which areas the new developments will occur. Both incremental and radical innovations in digital hearing aids will be driven by research advances in the following fields: (1) wireless technology, (2) digital chip technology, (3) hearing science, and (4) cognitive science. The opportunities and limitations for each of these areas will be discussed. Additionally, emerging trends such as connectivity and individualization will also drive new technology, and these are discussed within the context of the areas given here.
Learning and upgrading rules for an OCR system using genetic programming (2002)

Rule-based systems used for optical character recognition (OCR) are notoriously difficult to write, maintain, and upgrade. The paper describes a method for using genetic programming (GP) to evolve and upgrade rules for an OCR system. The language of the evolved programs was designed such that human hand-coded rules can be included into the initial population in order to upgrade for a new font. The system was successful at learning rules for large character sets consisting of multiple fonts and sizes, with very good generalization to test sets. In addition, the method was found to be successful at updating hand-coded rules written in C for new fonts. This research demonstrates the successful application of GP to a difficult, noisy, real-world problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>