gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
K-<i>ras</i>Oncogene Activation as a Prognostic Marker in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (1990)

The presence of K-ras point mutations defines a subgroup of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in whom the prognosis is very poor and disease-free survival is not usually long despite radical resection and a small tumor load.
Transplanted photoreceptors identified in dystrophic mouse retina by a transgenic reporter gene. (1991)

Dissociated photoreceptor cells from a transgenic strain of mice, containing a bovine promoter lac Z gene construct, were transplanted to the dystrophic retinas of a strain of mice (C3H, rd/rd) without obvious photoreceptors. The transgenic photoreceptor cells expressed beta-galactosidase and were distinguishable from the host retinal cells by light and electron microscopy after the 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside histochemical reaction. These results showed that transplanted transgenic photoreceptor cells survived at least 1 month in the host retina and had a primitive outer segment and a well-developed synaptic terminal.
Effects of electroacupuncture versus manual acupuncture on the human brain as measured by fMRI (2004)

The goal of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to compare the central effects of electroacupuncture at different frequencies with traditional Chinese manual acupuncture. Although not as time-tested as manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture does have the advantage of setting stimulation frequency and intensity objectively and quantifiably. Manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture at 2 Hz and 100 Hz, and tactile control stimulation were carried out at acupoint ST-36. Overall, electroacupuncture (particularly at low frequency) produced more widespread fMRI signal increase than manual acupuncture did, and all acupuncture stimulations produced more widespread responses than did our placebo-like tactile control stimulation. Acupuncture produced hemodynamic signal increase in the anterior insula, and decrease in limbic and paralimbic structures including the amygdala, anterior hippocampus, and the cortices of the subgenual and retrosplenial cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, frontal, and temporal poles, results not seen for tactile control stimulation. Only electroacupuncture produced significant signal increase in the anterior middle cingulate cortex, whereas 2-Hz electroacupuncture produced signal increase in the pontine raphe area. All forms of stimulation (acupuncture and control) produced signal increase in SII. These findings support a hypothesis that the limbic system is central to acupuncture effect regardless of specific acupuncture modality, although some differences do exist in the underlying neurobiologic mechanisms for these modalities, and may aid in optimizing their future usage in clinical applications.
Generalized scaling of permeabilities: Validation and effect of support scale (1994)

The permeabilities and dispersivities of geologic media are known to vary with the scale of observation. Particularly well documented is the consistent increase in apparent longitudinal dispersivity with the mean travel distance of a tracer. This has been previously interpreted by the author to imply that the permeabilities of many geologic media scale, on the average, according to the power‐law semivariogram γ (s)=c √ s where c is a constant and s is distance. Tracer test data support this conclusion indirectly at least over scales from 10 cm to 3,500 m. The present paper cites evidence for such behavior over scales from 10 cm to 45 km based directly on permeability and transmissivity data. The paper then investigates theoretically the implications of such power‐law behavior on the equivalent permeability of a block of rock having a characteristic length (support scale) L. It predicts that the equivalent Isotropie permeability should generally decrease with L in one‐dimensional media, increase with L in three‐dimensional media, and show no systematic variation with L in two‐dimensional media. This prediction appears to be consistent with observations.
Pixel size limit in holographic memories (1999)

The bandwidth of holographic recording in LiNbO(3) (Fe doped) in the 90 degrees geometry is studied theoretically and experimentally. The wide holographic bandwidth of LiNbO(3) makes it possible to record submicrometer pixels and reconstruct them by phase conjugation in a holographic memory system. This approach reduces the system cost and increases the system storage density. We demonstrate the recording and the phase-conjugate reconstruction of various pixel sizes down to 1 mumx1 mum . The signal-noise ratio and the bit-error rate are examined.
Substances reactive with mannose-binding protein (MBP) in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1997)

In order to evaluate the role of mannose-binding protein (MBP) in rheumatoid arthritis, we characterized MBP-binding substances in sera of patients with this disease.An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect MBP-binding substances in sera of patients with RA. We applied the sera of two RA patients to an immobilized MBP column, and by means of both ELISA and molecular sieve chromatography, examined the substances that bound to MBP. MBP-MASP complexes were added to the fractions containing the binding substances, and C4-consuming activity was examined.Sera of patients with RA showed stronger MBP binding on ELISA than did those of normal controls. In the case of RA sera, both IgG was IgM-RF eluted from the MBP column, whereas with normal controls, only IgG was obtained. The results of molecular sieve chromatography showed that the binding substances of RA patients consisted of immune complexes containing IgG and IgM-RF. These substances were specifically bound to MBP, and once bound, the MBP-MASP complexes were then able to consume C4.MBP binds to immune complexes consisting of IgG and IgM-RF, and probably recognizes either the mannose moiety of IgM-RF or the N-acetyl-glucosamine of agalactosyl IgG. When this occurs in RA patients, the lectin pathway would then be activated.
ChemInform Abstract: THE DECHLORINATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS BY ALKALINE METALS AND NAPHTHALENE (1979)

Abstract Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB, Kanechlor 400) lassen sich durch Behandlung mit Naphthalin‐Natrium im Verhältnis 1,1 ‐ 1,3 Mol/Cl in Tetrahydrofuran 46 bereits bei 0°C innerhalb von 10 Minuten vollständig entchlorieren, wobei Ary1ierungsprodukte mit Molekulargewichten von 400 ‐ 600 gebildet werden.
Molecular markers for identification of P. ramorum and other Phytophthora species from diseased tissue (2006)

Molecular techniques have been developed for detection and identification of P. ramorum and other Phytophthora species that are based on the mitochondrially encoded sequences. One technique uses a Phytophthora genus specific primer to determine if a Phytophthora species is present, followed by a nested amplification with species-specific primers to determine if the pathogen is P. ramorum or one of several other species (such as P. nemorosa or P. pseudosyringe). This procedure also uses a plant primer pair to serve as a positive control ensuring the ability of the template DNA to amplify. These species-specific and plant markers have been modified for use with real-time PCR. A second technique relies on RFLP analysis of the Cox I and II gene cluster to identify isolates of Phytophthora to a species level. Key words: detection, identification, mitochondrial DNA, Phytophthora ramorum
Primidone in essential tremor (1984)

Essential tremor, with its senile and familial varieties, is a common disorder (Marshall, 1968; Critchley, 1949; Rautakorpi et al., this volume, chapter 14) which, although usually prefixed with the adjective ‘benign’, frequently produces significant disability. As yet there is no satisfactory drug available that can predictably control essential tremor. Alcohol can be effective in reducing or abolishing the tremor in some patients (Growdon et al., 1975). However, this is an impracticable therapy and the effect is not specific to essential tremor. At present beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular propranolol, have proven to have the most therapeutic benefit in attenuating the tremor (Morgan et al., 1973; Winkler and Young, 1974; Tolosa and Loewenson, 1975; McAllister et al., 1977; Calzetti et al., 1982).
Glutamate-gated chloride channels and the mode of action of the avermectin/milbemycin anthelmintics (2005)

The macrocyclic lactones are the biggest selling and arguably most effective anthelmintics currently available. They are good substrates for the P-glycoproteins, which might explain their selective toxicity for parasites over their vertebrate hosts. Changes in the expression of these pumps have been implicated in resistance to the macrocyclic lactones, but it is clear that they exert their anthelmintic effects by binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels expressed on nematode neurones and pharyngeal muscle cells. This effect is quite distinct from the channel opening induced by glutamate, the endogenous transmitter acting at these receptors, which produces rapidly opening and desensitising channels. Ivermectin-activated channels open very slowly but essentially irreversibly, leading to a very long-lasting hyperpolarisation or depolarisation of the neurone or muscle cell and therefore blocking further function. Molecular and genetic studies have shown that there are multiple GluCl isoforms in both free-living and parasitic nematodes: the exact genetic make-up and functions of the GluCl may vary between species. The known expression patterns of the GluCl explain most of the observed biological effects of treatment with the macrocyclic lactones, though the reason for the long-lasting inhibition of larval production in filarial species is still poorly understood.
The analysis of drugs in biological fluids (1996)

Why Analyze Drugs in Biological Fluids? Special Problems with Biological Fluids. Special Problems in Structures of Drugs. Spectroscopy and Fluorimetry. Planar Chromatography. Gas Chromatography. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Saturation Analysis: Radioimmunoassay and Other Ligand Assays. Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis. Development and Evaluation. Quality Control. Pitfalls and Practical Solutions. References. Index.
Polymerization of functionalized norbornenes employing Mo(CH-t-Bu)(NAr)(O-t-Bu)2 as the initiator (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of functionalized norbornenes employing Mo(CH-t-Bu)(NAr)(O-t-Bu)2 as the initiatorG. C. Bazan, R. R. Schrock, H. N. Cho, and V. C. GibsonCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 16, 4495–4502Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00016a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00016a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study (NZA2CS): Assembly, Demographics and Investigations (2007)

The cohort is fully assembled, and assessment of children is well advanced, with good retention rates. The study is well placed to address many current hypotheses about the risk factors for allergic disease and asthma.
ABridges as RBridges: Transparent Routing with Simplified Multiple Spanning Trees. (2006)

Rbridges are link layer devices that use routing protocols as a
control plane but do not target to scale up to large campus networks.
This document contains an alternative proposal to link-state Rbridges,
named Abridges. Abridges overcome Rbridges L2 network size
restrictions allowing applicability to very large Ethernet campus
networks while maintaining zero configuration and high performance, by
assuming a topological restriction that is automatically performed.
The proposal includes a two-layered network architecture with two
hierarchical independent spanning tree layers. Expected convergence is
fast, probably below two seconds.
Zn-Alloyed All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite-Based White Light-Emitting Diodes with Superior Color Quality (2019)

Recently, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have gained tremendous attention in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optical properties. However, the toxicity of lead limits their practical applications. Here, the synthesis of Zn<sup>2+</sup>-alloyed CsZn<sub>x</sub>Pb<sub>1-x</sub>X<sub>3</sub> (up to 15%) NCs is reported to achieve lead-reduced white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The incorporation of Zn<sup>2+</sup> into CsPbX<sub>3</sub> host NCs results in a lattice contraction, without altering the structure and morphology, which has a direct effect on the optical properties. The blue-shifts in the photoluminescence emission and increase in bandgap is observed while retaining high photoluminescence quantum yield. Then by engineering the different compositions of halides for 15% Zn<sup>2+</sup>-alloyed CsZn<sub>x</sub>Pb<sub>1-x</sub>X<sub>3</sub> NCs, tunable emission (411-636 nm) is obtained. Notably, the WLEDs are experimentally demonstrated employing the lead-reduced NCs (blue, green, yellow, and red). By varying the ratios of the amount of NCs, white lights with a tunable correlated-color temperature (2218-8335 K), an exemplary color-rendering index (up to 93) and high luminous efficacy of radiation (268-318 lm·W<sup>-1</sup>) are obtained. Best of our knowledge, these are superior to other reported WLEDs based on CsPbX<sub>3</sub> NCs doped with transition metal ions. This work places the halide perovskite NCs one-step closer in designing the environmentally benign and energy-efficient WLEDs.
Retinal pigment epithelial cells play a central role in the conservation of docosahexaenoic acid by photoreceptor cells after shedding and phagocytosis (1992)

The involvement of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the recycling of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), from phagocytized disc membranes back to the retina, was studied in frogs subsequent to injection of [5H]DHA via the dorsal lymph sac. Rod outer segments (ROS) gradually accumulated [3H]DHA as a dense, heavily labeled region that arrived at the distal tips by 28 days post-injection. Autoradiographic analysis at the time of maximal shedding and phagocytosis (1–2 hr after the onset of light) showed diffusely (before 28 days) and heavily (after 28 days) labeled phagosomes in RPE cells. Biochemical analysis of the [3H]DHA-containing lipids of discs that contribute to the labeling of RPE cells after phagocytosis was also performed. Between 27 and 34 days, when 12% of retinal [3H]DHA-lipids present in disc membranes are phagocytized by RPE cells, total retinal labeling remained unchanged. Taken together, these data suggest that the [3H]DHA of the densely labeled region of the ROS was recycled back to the photoreceptor cells only after it had reached the RPE cells following 28 days post-injection. We conclude that, following daily phagocytosis of ROS tips, RPE cells play a central role in the conservation and redelivery of ROS-derived DHA back to photoreceptor cells through the interphotoreceptor matrix.
A LATE VIEW OF MRS. PIOZZI (1971)

A LATE VIEW OF MRS. PIOZZI Get access A. S. BELL A. S. BELL Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 18, Issue 9, September 1971, Pages 337-b–338, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/18-9-337b Published: 01 September 1971
Functionalized, Oligocyclic Large Cavities — A Novel Siderophore (1984)

A fundamentally novel type of complex-ligand is exemplified by the triply bridged hexalactam structure and octahedral donor geometry. The ligand dissolves stainless steel, iron, chromium, and nickel to form colored, stable complex anions of type 1, which are not even decomposed by excess EDTA. 1:1-Stoichiometry has been demonstrated for the iron(III) complex.—Almost 1 g of ligand can be conveniently obtained per charge.
Composites of Polymer Hydrogels and Nanoparticulate Systems for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications (2015)

Due to their unique structures and properties, three-dimensional hydrogels and nanostructured particles have been widely studied and shown a very high potential for medical, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, hydrogels and nanoparticulate systems have respective disadvantages that limit their widespread applications. Recently, the incorporation of nanostructured fillers into hydrogels has been developed as an innovative means for the creation of novel materials with diverse functionality in order to meet new challenges. In this review, the fundamentals of hydrogels and nanoparticles (NPs) were briefly discussed, and then we comprehensively summarized recent advances in the design, synthesis, functionalization and application of nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced mechanical, biological and physicochemical properties. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities for the use of these promising materials in the biomedical sector, especially the nanocomposite hydrogels produced from hydrogels and polymeric NPs, are discussed.
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthetase: Partial Purification and Properties<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthetase: Partial Purification and Properties*Albert E. Chung and John H. LawCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 7, 967–974Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00895a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00895a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Temperature of CO2 Injection on the pH and Freezing Point of Milks and Creams (2003)

The objectives of this study were to measure the impact of CO2 injection temperature (0 degree C and 40 degrees C) on the pH and freezing point (FP) of (a) milks with different fat contents (i.e., 0, 15, 30%) and (b) creams with 15% fat but different fat characteristics. Skim milk and unhomogenized creams containing 15 and 30% fat were prepared from the same batch of whole milk and were carbonated at 0 and 40 degrees C in a continuous flow CO2 injection unit (230 ml/min). At 0 degree C, milk fat was mostly solid; at 40 degrees C, milk fat was liquid. At the same total CO2 concentration with CO2 injection at 0 degree C, milk with a higher fat content had a lower pH and FP, while with CO2 injection at 40 degrees C, milks with 0%, 15%, and 30% fat had the same pH. This indicated that less CO2 was dissolved in the fat portion of the milk when the CO2 was injected at 0 degree C than when it was injected at 40 degrees C. Three creams, 15% unhomogenized cream, 15% butter oil emulsion in skim milk, and 15% vegetable oil emulsion in skim milk were also carbonated and analyzed as described above. Vegetable oil was liquid at both 0 and 40 degrees C. At a CO2 injection temperature of 0 degree C, the 15% vegetable oil emulsion had a slightly higher pH than the 15% butter oil emulsion and the 15% unhomogenized cream, indicating that the liquid vegetable oil dissolved more CO2 than the mostly solid milk fat and butter oil. No difference in the pH or FP of the 15% unhomogenized cream and 15% butter oil emulsion was observed when CO2 was injected at 0 degree C, suggesting that homogenization or physical dispersion of milk fat globules did not influence the amount of CO2 dissolved in milk fat at a CO2 injection temperature of 0 degree C. At a CO2 injection temperature of 40 degrees C and at the same total CO2 concentration, the 15% unhomogenized cream, 15% vegetable oil emulsion, and 15% butter oil emulsion had similar pH. At the same total concentration of CO2 in cream, injection of CO2 at low temperature (i.e., < 4 degrees C) may produce a better antimicrobial effect during refrigerated shelf life due to the higher concentration of CO2 in the skim portion of the cream.