gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TPL2 Kinase Is a Crucial Signaling Factor and Mediator of NKT Effector Cytokine Expression in Immune-Mediated Liver Injury (2016)

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells represent a subset of innate-like T lymphocytes that function as orchestrators of hepatic inflammation underpinning liver damage. In this study, we demonstrate that TPL2, an MAP3 kinase that has mostly been appreciated for its physiological role in macrophage responses, is a signaling factor in CD3(+)NK1.1(+) iNKT cells and mediator of hepatic inflammation. Genetic ablation of TPL2 in the mouse ameliorates liver injury induced by Con A and impinges on hallmarks of NKT cell activation in the liver without affecting NKT cell development in the thymus. The pivotal role of TPL2 in iNKT cell functions is further endorsed by studies using the iNKT-specific ligand α-galactosylceramide, which causes mild hepatitis in the mouse in a TPL2-dependent manner, including production of the effector cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ, accumulation of neutrophils and licensing and activation of other immune cell types in the liver. A TPL2 kinase inhibitor mirrors the effects of genetic ablation of TPL2 in vivo and uncovers ERK and Akt as the TPL2-regulated signaling pathways responsible for IL-4 and IFN-γ expression through the activation of the transcription factors JunB and NFAT. Collectively, these findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms of iNKT cell activation and suggest that modulation of TPL2 has the potential to minimize the severity of immune-driven liver diseases.
Radar Speed Monitoring System (2002)

Describes the Radar Speed Monitoring System which has been developed to create safe and comfortable traffic conditions. The system checks the velocity of vehicles and the photographs of speeding cars are centralized to an optical disk in a traffic control center. The system is helpful in managing speeding car enforcement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Analogs of <scp>GABA</scp> .15. Preparation and Resolution of Some Potent Cyclopentene and Cyclopentane Derivatives (1986)

A series of cyclopentene and cyclopentane analogues of GABA has been prepared utilizing a thermal cis -trans isomerization of the phthalimido ß,? -unsaturated acid (10) as the key step to obtain trans-4- aminocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid (7). Resolution of some of the potent GABA analogues, in particular (+)-(4S)- and (-)-(4R)-4- aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (5), has been achieved by crystallization of isopropylideneribonolactone esters or pantolactone esters of the phthalimido -protected intermediates.
A device independent graphics imaging model for use with raster devices (1982)

In building graphic systems for use with raster devices, it is difficult to develop an intuitive, device independent model of the imaging process, and to preserve that model over a variety of device implementations. This paper describes an imaging model and an associated implementation strategy that: 1. Integrates scanned images, text, and synthetically generated graphics into a uniform device independent metaphor; 2. Isolates the device dependent portions of the implementation to a small set of primitives, thereby minimizing the implementation cost for additional devices; 3. Has been implemented for binary, grey-scale, and full color raster display systems, and for high resolution black and white printers and color raster printers.
Impurity decoration of defects in float zone and polycrystalline silicon via chemomechanical polishing (1993)

The behavior of impurities introduced in single and polycrystalline silicon via chemomechanical polishing was studied extensively. Using the electron beam induced current mode of a scanning electron microscope, chemomechanical polishing of boron-doped FZ silicon is shown to introduce impurities which decorate and electrically activate swirl defects. Undecorated swirl defects do not behave as carrier recombination sites. Chemomechanical polishing and preferential etching of boron-doped polycrystalline silicon produced etch pits which increased in concentration with decreasing resistivity, indicating an interaction between the polishing impurity and boron. The impurity is shown to form discrete points of electrical activity homogeneously in a thin surface region of the material as well as increase the electron beam induced current contrast of dislocations and grain boundaries.
Review: Cholinergic mechanisms and epileptogenesis. The seizures induced by pilocarpine: A novel experimental model of intractable epilepsy (1989)

High-dose treatment with pilocarpine hydrochloride, a cholinergic muscarinic agonist, induces seizures in rodents following systemic or intracerebral administration. Pilocarpine seizures are characterized by a sequential development of behavioral patterns and electrographic activity. Hypoactivity, tremor, scratching, head bobbing, and myoclonic movements of the limbs progress to recurrent myoclonic convulsions with rearing, salivation, and falling, and status epilepticus. The sustained convulsions induced by pilocarpine are followed by widespread damage to the forebrain. The amygdala, thalamus, olfactory cortex, hippocampus, neocortex, and substantia nigra are the most sensitive regions to epilepsy-related damage following convulsions produced by pilocarpine. Spontaneous seizures are observed in the long-term period following the administration of convulsant doses of pilocarpine. Developmental studies show age-dependent differences in the response of rats to pilocarpine. Seizures are first noted in 7-12 day-old rats, and the adult pattern of behavioral and electroencephalographic sequelae of pilocarpine is seen in 15-21-day-old rats. During the third week of life the rats show an increased susceptibility to the convulsant action of pilocarpine relative to older and younger animals. The developmental progress of the convulsive response to pilocarpine does not correlate with evolution of the brain damage. The adult pattern of the damage is seen after a delay of 1-2 weeks in comparison with the evolution of seizures and status epilepticus. The susceptibility to seizures induced by pilocarpine increases in rats aged over 4 months. The basal ganglia curtail the generation and spread of seizures induced by pilocarpine. The caudate putamen, the substantia nigra, and the entopeduncular nucleus govern the propagation of pilocarpine-induced seizures. The antiepileptic drugs diazepam, clonazepam, phenobarbital, valproate, and trimethadione protect against pilocarpine-induced convulsions, while diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine are ineffective. Ethosuximide and acetazolamide increase the susceptibility to convulsant action of pilocarpine. Lithium, morphine, and aminophylline also increase the susceptibility of rats to pilocarpine seizures. The pilocarpine seizure model may be of value in designing new therapeutic approaches to epilepsy.
miRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing by Translational Repression Followed by mRNA Deadenylation and Decay (2012)

microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression through translational repression and/or messenger RNA (mRNA) deadenylation and decay. Because translation, deadenylation, and decay are closely linked processes, it is important to establish their ordering and thus to define the molecular mechanism of silencing. We have investigated the kinetics of these events in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by using a Drosophila S2 cell-based controllable expression system and show that mRNAs with both natural and engineered 3' untranslated regions with miRNA target sites are first subject to translational inhibition, followed by effects on deadenylation and decay. We next used a natural translational elongation stall to show that miRNA-mediated silencing inhibits translation at an early step, potentially translation initiation.
Estimating Myocardial Fiber Orientations by Template Warping (2006)

Myocardial fiber orientations are an important element for accurate modeling of cardiac electromechanics. However it is extremely difficult to estimate these directly in vivo with current imaging techniques. Most current methods for cardiac modeling use synthetic models of fiber orientation which may fail to capture subtle variations of fiber orientations in different hearts. We present a method to map the fiber orientations obtained from diffusion tensors from a template onto patient-specific cardiac geometry, using elastic registration followed by a reorientation of the diffusion tensors based on the local rotation component of the transformation. The effectiveness of the diffusion tensor mapping is validated on a set of diffusion tensor imaging datasets obtained from 19 canine subjects. The algorithm was able to map the diffusion tensors effectively for both healthy and failing hearts
Induction of autoreactive B cells allows priming of autoreactive T cells. (1991)

A novel mechanism for breaking T cell self tolerance is described. B cells induced to make autoantibody by immunization of mice with the non-self protein human cytochrome c can present the self protein mouse cytochrome c to autoreactive T cells in immunogenic form. This mechanism of breaking T cell self tolerance could account for the role of foreign antigens in breaking not only B cell but also T cell self tolerance, leading to sustained autoantibody production in the absence of the foreign antigen.
Contractility parameters of human β-cardiac myosin with the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation R403Q show loss of motor function (2015)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequently occurring inherited cardiovascular disease. It is caused by mutations in genes encoding the force-generating machinery of the cardiac sarcomere, including human β-cardiac myosin. We present a detailed characterization of the most debated HCM-causing mutation in human β-cardiac myosin, R403Q. Despite numerous studies, most performed with nonhuman or noncardiac myosin, there is no consensus about the mechanism of action of this mutation on the function of the enzyme. We use recombinant human β-cardiac myosin and new methodologies to characterize in vitro contractility parameters of the R403Q myosin compared to wild type. We extend our studies beyond pure actin filaments to include the interaction of myosin with regulated actin filaments containing tropomyosin and troponin. We find that, with pure actin, the intrinsic force generated by R403Q is ~15% lower than that generated by wild type. The unloaded velocity is, however, ~10% higher for R403Q myosin, resulting in a load-dependent velocity curve that has the characteristics of lower contractility at higher external loads compared to wild type. With regulated actin filaments, there is no increase in the unloaded velocity and the contractility of the R403Q myosin is lower than that of wild type at all loads. Unlike that with pure actin, the actin-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity for R403Q myosin with Ca(2+)-regulated actin filaments is ~30% lower than that for wild type, predicting a lower unloaded duty ratio of the motor. Overall, the contractility parameters studied fit with a loss of human β-cardiac myosin contractility as a result of the R403Q mutation.
Child and adolescent psychopharmacology at the turn of the millennium (2002)

Child and adolescent psychopharmacology is a leading edge of pediatric psychiatry and is rapidly developing. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become the psychiatric model or prototype disorder for the medication treatment of children. Psychostimulants remain the treatment of choice for ADHD, partially because of their solid effectiveness in treating the behavioral symptoms and especially because of their unmatched effectiveness in ameliorating the cognitive symptoms. In the 1990s, child and adolescent psychopharmacologic treatment entered everyday psychiatric practice. Its speedy expansion led drug treatment, alongside and integrated with psychosocial interventions, to become the prevailing approach in child psychiatry by mid 1990s. The preoccupation of child psychiatry with psychoanalysis has given way to a more eclectic and empirical clinical methodology. Therapeutic empiricism has become the watchword by which clinicians decide when to treat and when to delay the use of medication and psychosocial treatments.
Cold-Sensitive Corneal Afferents Respond to a Variety of Ocular Stimuli Central to Tear Production: Implications for Dry Eye Disease (2010)

These results demonstrate that innocuous "cold" cornea thermoreceptors are activated by drying of the ocular surface and hyperosmotic solutions, conditions that are consistent with a role in tear production. The authors hypothesize that the dysfunction of these corneal afferents and the lacrimation reflex pathway they activate lead to some forms of dry eye disease.
On exact circuit analysis of frequency splitting and bifurcation phenomena in wireless power transfer systems (2015)

The paper is focused on the exact analysis of the frequency splitting and bifurcation phenomena in the wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with series-parallel, parallel-series and parallel-parallel resonators. Starting from the analysis in sinusoidal behavior of a WPT system we build, using the algebraic equation theory, the exact splitting mathematical model for any connection of the WPT systems and whether this phenomenon exists or not. It is also investigated the exact analysis of the frequency bifurcation phenomena and the relationship between frequency bifurcation and splitting for all connections named before. In this way it is possible to find exactly the splitting and bifurcation couplings. The splitting and bifurcation frequencies and the load power peak curves are computed with respect to the constructive parameters of the system. Finally, the theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations.
An integrated approach to piezoactuator positioning in high-speed atomic force microscope imaging (2008)

In this paper, an integrated approach to achieve high-speed atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging of large-size samples is proposed, which combines the enhanced inversion-based iterative control technique to drive the piezotube actuator control for lateral x-y axis positioning with the use of a dual-stage piezoactuator for vertical z-axis positioning. High-speed, large-size AFM imaging is challenging because in high-speed lateral scanning of the AFM imaging at large size, large positioning error of the AFM probe relative to the sample can be generated due to the adverse effects--the nonlinear hysteresis and the vibrational dynamics of the piezotube actuator. In addition, vertical precision positioning of the AFM probe is even more challenging (than the lateral scanning) because the desired trajectory (i.e., the sample topography profile) is unknown in general, and the probe positioning is also effected by and sensitive to the probe-sample interaction. The main contribution of this article is the development of an integrated approach that combines advanced control algorithm with an advanced hardware platform. The proposed approach is demonstrated in experiments by imaging a large-size (50 microm) calibration sample at high-speed (50 Hz scan rate).
A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Establish the Effects of Spirulina in Elderly Koreans (2008)

The results demonstrate that spirulina has favorable effects on lipid profiles, immune variables, and antioxidant capacity in healthy, elderly male and female subjects and is suitable as a functional food.
Erythromycin. VII. The Structure of Cladinose<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTErythromycin. VII. The Structure of Cladinose1Paul F. Wiley and Ollidene WeaverCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 4, 808–810Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01585a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01585a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation de l'impact de peuplement et de developpement dans le bassin du cours superieur de la Leraba : Burkina Faso, Cote d' Ivoire et Mali (1996)

The great successes achieved by the Onchocerciasis Control Program in West Africa (OCP) in the large-scale control of the blinding savanna form of onchocerciasis (river blindness) have allowed vast tracts of previously abandoned valleys to be resettled and developed. Among the many issues and problems that have to be addressed, to ensure the most effective long-term management of settlement and development in these onchocerciasis-controlled areas, is that which relates to the potential impact of those development activities on the environment. Due to the increasing concern for the welfare of both aquatic and terrestrial environments, it was recognized that there was a need for the formulation of an appropriate methodology for environmental impact assessment. In 1991 the OCP Committee of Sponsoring Agencies (CSA) started to address this issue, and in 1993 launched a pilot project in one selected basin (the Upper Lebara Basin), the results of which are described in this report. The primary objective of the Pilot Project were: 1) assessment of the present environmental situation in the Basin, with a view to determining potential sources of impact on the aquatic environment; 2) quantification of chemical loads, and assessment of modification to the physical environment; and 3) identification of simple study methods which would be applicable to other areas and which could be offered as examples to predict environmental impacts of settlement and development, and offer ways to minimize those impacts. The following conclusions were made: 1) organic loads and nutrients were only of relevance along limited stretches of the main Lebara rivers; 2) the contamination of river water by pesticides used for cotton protection was calculated by means of simple models which also permitted the theoretical concentrations of pesticides in river water to be estimated; 3) with regard to physical changes in the environment, about 75 percent of the original savanna woodland had been cleared for settlement and for agricultural development. On the positive side, it was concluded that there had not been any significant disturbance of the riverine forests and associated floodplain grasslands of the main rivers. The overall conclusion from the Pilot Project was that, on the basis of studies which were limited both in time and scope, it was possible to make valid and meaningful assessments of the Upper Lebara Basin, in terms of chemical contamination of river water, of localized changes in the biological condition of the aquatic ecosystem, and of physical degradation of the woodland savanna component of the terrestrial environment. Finally, in relation to the Pilot Project's third main objective, the investigations clearly demonstrated that the techniques employed can be used as examples of quick and reliable environmental impact assessment methodologies, which are applicable to other, similar areas.
LP‐8: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : Polymer Fly's Eye Light Integrator Lens Arrays for Digital Projectors (2000)

Abstract Polymer Fly's Eye light integrators are now available as an alternative to glass. While the appropriate material is highly dependent on the specifics of the application, plastic integrators offer measurable advantages in certain situations. Key design considerations include weight, performance, cost, birefringence, and temperature resistance. This paper explores each of these design considerations, and presents some guidelines to aid optical engineers in material selection.
Capacitative Calcium Entry Deficits and Elevated Luminal Calcium Content in Mutant Presenilin-1 Knockin Mice (2000)

Dysregulation of calcium signaling has been causally implicated in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in the presenilin genes (PS1, PS2), the leading cause of autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), cause highly specific alterations in intracellular calcium signaling pathways that may contribute to the neurodegenerative and pathological lesions of the disease. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying these disturbances, we studied calcium signaling in fibroblasts isolated from mutant PS1 knockin mice. Mutant PS1 knockin cells exhibited a marked potentiation in the amplitude of calcium transients evoked by agonist stimulation. These cells also showed significant impairments in capacitative calcium entry (CCE, also known as store-operated calcium entry), an important cellular signaling pathway wherein depletion of intracellular calcium stores triggers influx of extracellular calcium into the cytosol. Notably, deficits in CCE were evident after agonist stimulation, but not if intracellular calcium stores were completely depleted with thapsigargin. Treatment with ionomycin and thapsigargin revealed that calcium levels within the ER were significantly increased in mutant PS1 knockin cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that the overfilling of calcium stores represents the fundamental cellular defect underlying the alterations in calcium signaling conferred by presenilin mutations.
Proposal for Measuring Mechanically Equilibrium Spin Currents in the Rashba Medium (2007)

We demonstrate that an equilibrium spin current in a 2D electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction (Rashba medium) results in a mechanical torque on a substrate near an edge of the medium. If the substrate is a cantilever, the mechanical torque displaces the free end of the cantilever. The effect can be enhanced and tuned by a magnetic field. Observation of this displacement would be an effective method to prove the existence of equilibrium spin currents. The analysis of edges of the Rashba medium demonstrates the existence of localized edge states. They form a 1D continuum of states. This suggests a new type of quantum wire: spin-orbit quantum wire.
The loudspeaker as musical instrument: An examination of the issues surrounding loudspeaker performance of music in typical rooms (2003)

The loudspeaker is the most important and one of the most variable elements in the electroacoustic music performance process. Nonetheless, its performance is subject to a ‘‘willing suspension of disbelief’’ by listeners and its behavior and variability are usually not accounted for in assessments of the quality of music reproduction or music instrument synthesis, especially as they occur in small rooms. This paper will examine the aesthetic assumptions underlying loudspeaker usage, the general timbral qualities and sonic characteristics of loudspeakers and some of the issues and problems inherent in loudspeakers interactions with small rooms and listeners.