gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Closed Form Reduced Order Electrochemical Model for Lithium-Ion Cells (2019)

The state of a lithium (Li)-ion cell as a function of measureable quantities like cell voltage and current is not available in closed form without simplifying assumptions like uniform reaction rate, thus limiting the applicability of reduced order electrochemical models for on-board estimation. In the present work, an analytic form for non-uniform reaction rate profile is derived under certain limiting conditions. Using this form and polynomial approximations for the concentration profiles, a direct non-iterative solution scheme is developed for estimation of cell voltage, state of charge (SOC) and other internal variables. The predicted cell voltage is validated against experimental results for commercial cells while the internal variables are verified against the full pseudo 2 dimensional (P2D) model. The results show that, in spite of the order reduction, the model predicts cell voltage as well as the physical processes of the Li-ion cell accurately with less than 1% error for a wide range (0.2C – 5C) of operating conditions. The self-consistent predictive capability along with low computational cost, makes the proposed model an ideal candidate for physics based on-board state estimation.
Thionesters as a probe for electrophilic catalysis in the serine protease mechanism. (1983)

Specific and nonspecific thionester substrates for alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin Carlsberg have been synthesized and the kinetic parameters for their enzyme-catalyzed hydrolyses measured. Despite equal nonenzymic reactivities of ester-thionester pairs, each thionester is considerably less reactive toward enzymic hydrolysis, the difference being greatest for the specific substrates. The data support the operation of electrophilic catalysis by a hydrogen bond network at the carbonyl oxygen adjacent to the scissile bond of the substrate. The free energy of stabilization is 19 kJ mol-1 for a specific thionester substrate and will be higher for oxygen esters and amides. Chymotrypsin binds esters and thionesters about equally well, whereas subtilisin binds thionesters more tightly. This is consistent with continuous hydrogen bonding in the chymotrypsin mechanism and with a differential hydrogen bonding mechanism for subtilisin. A comparison of the relative rates of enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of ester and thionester substrates with their relative reactivities toward amines does not support an acyl histidine intermediate in the serine protease mechanism.
Plasma from patients with severe invasive group A streptococcal infections treated with normal polyspecific IgG inhibits streptococcal superantigen-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production (1996)

Previous studies have suggested a central role for superantigen-induced immune responses in the pathogenesis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The production of streptococcal superantigens by clinical group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates was studied, and the ability of plasma collected from patients with severe invasive GAS infections to neutralize the proliferative- and cytokine-inducing activities of these superantigens was investigated. Overnight culture supernatants from all GAS isolates obtained from patients with invasive disease were found to contain superantigenic activity, as evident from their ability to drive potent T cell proliferation, induce high production of cytokines, and stimulate T cells in a V beta-specific manner. Twelve patients with severe invasive GAS infections, including 11 streptococcal toxic shock syndrome cases and one necrotizing fasciitis without shock, were treated with i.v. infusions of normal polyspecific Ig (IVIG). Plasma samples collected from each patient before and after IVIG administration were analyzed for their ability to neutralize the activity of streptococcal superantigens produced by the GAS isolate that caused their disease. In all IVIG-treated patients, the capacity to neutralize the superantigenic activity, produced by their respective GAS isolate or by purified streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, increased in plasma following IVIG administration. Of particular clinical relevance, post-IVIG plasma from each patient completely blocked cytokine production elicited by their respective GAS culture supernatants or by purified streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. This study shows that IVIG treatment confers in vivo inhibitory activity against a large array of streptococcal superantigens and suggests that IVIG may be useful in the treatment of severe invasive streptococcal infections.
Human Flap Endonuclease-1:  Conformational Change upon Binding to the Flap DNA Substrate and Location of the Mg<sup>2+</sup> Binding Site (2001)

Human flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) is a member of the structure-specific endonuclease family and is a key enzyme in DNA replication and repair. FEN-1 recognizes the 5'-flap DNA structure and cleaves it, a specialized endonuclease function essential for the processing of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication and for the repair of 5'-end single-stranded tails from nicked double-stranded DNA substrates. Magnesium is a cofactor required for nuclease activity. We have used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to better understand how Mg2+ and flap DNA interact with human FEN-1. FTIR spectroscopy provides three fundamentally new insights into the structural changes induced by the interaction of FEN-1 with substrate DNA and Mg2+. First, FTIR difference spectra in the amide I vibrational band (1600-1700 cm(-1)) reveal a change in the secondary structure of FEN-1 induced by substrate DNA binding. Quantitative analysis of the FTIR spectra indicates a 4% increase in helicity upon DNA binding or about 14 residues converted from disordered to helical conformations. The observation that the residues are disordered without DNA strongly implicates the flexible loop region. The conversion to helix also suggests a mechanism for locking the flexible loop region around the bound DNA. This is the first direct experimental evidence for a binding mechanism that involves a secondary structural change of the protein. Second, in contrast with DNA binding, no change is observed in the secondary structure of FEN-1 upon Mg2+ binding to the wild type or to the noncleaving D181A mutant. Third, the FTIR results provide direct evidence (via the carboxylate ligand band at 1535 cm(-1)) that not only is D181 a ligand to Mg2+ in the human enzyme but Mg2+ binding does not occur in the D181A mutant which lacks this ligand.
Structure of an extensible augmented reality framework for visualization of simulated construction processes (2006)

The presented work describes the recent research being conducted by the authors in the field of visualization of simulated construction processes. The underlying uncertainty involved in almost all construction operations makes it necessary to study and analyze the behavior of the acting resources in more detail and under different scenarios in order to come up with the most efficient method to perform a set of tasks and obtain the best possible result. Simulation and visualization of planned construction processes are powerful tools to achieve this objective. This paper focuses on the application of Augmented Reality (AR) for visualizing simulated construction processes in both outdoor and indoor environments and compares it to methods of visualizing modeled processes in pure Virtual Reality (VR). An AR framework and extensible class library are also introduced which can be used to verify and validate the results of simulation models and can be further applied to develop new AR systems.
Field quenching effects in polycrystalline SrS:Pb and SrS:Ce,Pb thin films for electroluminescence devices (1996)

The luminescence properties of lead ions and their sensitizing effect on cerium activators in strontium sulfide thin-film electroluminescence (TFEL) devices have been investigated. Polycrystalline SrS:Pb and SrS:Ce,Pb thin active layers for such TFEL devices have been prepared by multi-source deposition. Emission spectroscopy under application of a high electric field (EL), under e-beam excitation [cathodoluminescence (CL)], and under CL conditions with additional EL drive has been carried out. It has been found that the luminescence of SrS:Pb under EL drive is very weak, while the CL signal is considerably higher. This CL signal has shown strong quenching effects upon application of an additional ac voltage. The Pb2+ emission dropped to some 5% at an applied voltage of 100 V0p, being roughly 40 V below EL threshold. More than half of this drop occurred between 0 and 30 V0p. A remarkably lower quenching effect on the Ce3+ activator luminescence has been observed. Such luminescence quenching is attributed to the field induced ionization of the luminescent ions. From the obtained results it is concluded that the optical energy transfer from Pb2+ sensitizers to Ce2+ activators in SrS TFEL devices is low.
Human <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> Infection Linked to a Lack of Apolipoprotein L-I (2006)

Humans have innate immunity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei that is known to involve apolipoprotein L-I (APOL1). Recently, a case of T. evansi infection in a human was identified in India. We investigated whether the APOL1 pathway was involved in this occurrence. The serum of the infected patient was found to have no trypanolytic activity, and the finding was linked to the lack of APOL1, which was due to frameshift mutations in both APOL1 alleles. Trypanolytic activity was restored by the addition of recombinant APOL1. The lack of APOL1 explained the patient's infection with T. evansi.
Automatic generation of indoor navigation instructions for blind users using a user-centric graph (2014)

The complexity and diversity of indoor environments brings significant challenges to automatic generation of navigation instructions for blind and visually impaired users. Unlike generation of navigation instructions for robots, we need to take into account the blind users wayfinding ability. In this paper we introduce a user-centric graph based solution for cane users that takes into account the blind users cognitive ability as well as the user's mobility patterns. We introduce the principles of generating the graph and the algorithm used to automatically generate the navigation instructions using this graph. We successfully tested the efficiency of the instruction generation algorithm, the correctness of the generated paths, and the quality of the navigation instructions. Blindfolded sighted users were successful in navigating through a three-story building.
Biscuit: A Framework for Near-Data Processing of Big Data Workloads (2016)

Data-intensive queries are common in business intelligence, data warehousing and analytics applications. Typically, processing a query involves full inspection of large in-storage data sets by CPUs. An intuitive way to speed up such queries is to reduce the volume of data transferred over the storage network to a host system. This can be achieved by filtering out extraneous data within the storage, motivating a form of near-data processing. This work presents Biscuit, a novel near-data processing framework designed for modern solid-state drives. It allows programmers to write a data-intensive application to run on the host system and the storage system in a distributed, yet seamless manner. In order to offer a high-level programming model, Biscuit builds on the concept of data flow. Data processing tasks communicate through typed and data-ordered ports. Biscuit does not distinguish tasks that run on the host system and the storage system. As the result, Biscuit has desirable traits like generality and expressiveness, while promoting code reuse and naturally exposing concurrency. We implement Biscuit on a host system that runs the Linux OS and a high-performance solid-state drive. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and implementation with experimental results. When data filtering is done by hardware in the solid-state drive, the average speed-up obtained for the top five queries of TPC-H is over 15x.
Expression Profiles of 22 Novel Molecular Markers for Organogenetic Pathways Acting in Alfalfa Nodule Development (2000)

During symbiotic nodule development, a variety of molecular signals of rhizobia and plant origin are likely to be involved in the control of the expression of specific genes in the legume Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Twenty-two new, nodule-associated Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs, MsNod clones) as well as 16 clones for previously reported alfalfa nodulins were identified by cold-plaque screening. Protein homologs were found for 10 of the 22 MsNod-encoded polypeptides, revealing putative novel functions associated with this symbiosis. Expression of these MsNod genes was investigated in spontaneous nodules (generated in the absence of bacteria), in nodules induced by a Sinorhizobium meliloti wild-type strain and Eps- and Bac- mutant derivatives, as well as in roots inoculated with a Nod- mutant strain. This analysis enabled us to correlate plant gene expression with the different stages of nodule ontogeny and invasion. The effect of phytohormones on MsNod gene expression was analyzed in cytokinin- and auxin-treated alfalfa roots. Cytokinin induced the accumulation of seven MsNod transcripts, four of them were also regulated by the synthetic auxin 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Comparison of MsNod expression profiles in wild-type and transgenic M. truncatula roots overexpressing the early nodulin Enod40 suggested that one clone, the M. sativa L3 ribosomal protein homolog (MsNod377), is a putative component of an Enod40-dependent pathway acting during nodule development. These novel molecular markers may help in the investigation of gene networks and regulatory circuits controlling nodule organogenesis.
Genetic Algorithms and Investment Strategies (1994)

From the Publisher:
More and more traders now rely on genetic algorithms, neural networks, chaos theory, and other computerized decision-making approaches to help them develop winning investment strategies. They recognize that the battle in today's financial markets is increasingly being waged at computer speed, not human speed, and that anyone who fails to exploit these new tools may be headed for extinction. Written by the coauthor of the first published paper to link genetic algorithms and the world of finance, Richard Bauer's Genetic Algorithms and Investment Strategies is, likewise, the first book to demonstrate the value of GAs as tools in the search for effective trading ideas. Recognizing the continued resistance of many traders and analysts to GAs, it shows how these approaches do not herald an age in which people will be supplanted by machines, revealing instead how they serve only to augment human thinking. In clear, nontechnical language, Genetic Algorithms and Investment Strategies describes the biological bases of GAs, neural nets, and chaos theory...their historical development...the current state of the methodology for each...and their uses, advantages, and limitations as decision-making tools in the world of finance, ultimately demonstrating the superiority of GAs over the other two methods, particularly in handling critical optimization problems. It then focuses exclusively on GAs, presenting simple problems to illustrate the basic steps involved in using a GA and describing - with the help of numerous tables and diagrams - how the GA mimics nature's ruthlessly efficient evolutionary process and moves quickly and inexorably toward a near-optimal solution. Complete with a summary of available software programs, an extensive glossary of GA terms, and a bibliography covering GAs, neural nets chaos theory, and market timing, Genetic Algorithms and Investment Strategies doesn't offer a results-oriented, get-rich-quick scheme. Rather, it provides traders and investment
β2-microglobulin is important for cell surface expression and pH-dependent IgG binding of human FcRn (2002)

FcRn is a heterodimer of an alpha-chain and beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) and differs from other IgG Fc receptors in that it is structurally related to MHC class I molecules. Several functions attributed to FcRn are affected in beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m)-deficient mice, suggesting that the alpha-chain needs to assemble with beta(2)m to form a functional receptor. However, the precise role of beta(2)m in FcRn function is not known. Here we expressed the human FcRn alpha-chain alone or in combination with beta(2)m in human melanoma FO-1 cells. We show that beta(2)m is important for cell surface expression of FcRn and that, in the absence of beta(2)m, the receptor is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, in the absence of beta(2)m, IgG binding is decreased compared with that of native FcRn. Thus, assembly of the FcRn alpha-chain with beta(2)m is important for both transport of FcRn from the ER to the cell surface and efficient pH-dependent IgG binding.
Putative allosteric MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitors (2008)

Background: Over the last decade, the pharmaceutical industry has invested significantly in efforts to identify novel inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2. Unsurprisingly, several ATP-competitive inhibitors have been identified, but the discovery of allosteric inhibitors has been the main focus for the development of novel therapies. A number of allosteric MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitors have been reported to exhibit exquisite selectivity when profiled against large panels of kinases. Of the eight MEK inhibitors that have entered the clinic, it is believed that the majority, if not all, bind allosterically. Objective: This review focuses on the patenting activity concerning putative allosteric MEK inhibitors, and their progression into the clinic. Method: An analysis of the putative allosteric MEK inhibitor patent estate from the first-use application for PD-098059 in 1996 through to February 2008 was undertaken. An evaluation and summary of such therapies that have entered the clinic are provided. Conclusion: The overwhelming majority of patents filed that describe putative allosteric MEK inhibitors are based on a diarylamine scaffold. The ubiquitous expression of MEK throughout the body, and its central role in the cell signalling pathway, will undoubtedly ensure that inhibitors continue to be progressed into the clinic over the next decade.
Daily Variability in Dyspnea, Edema and Body Weight in Heart Failure Patients (2006)

In this cohort, heart failure patients were able to monitor symptoms daily, detect fluctuations and may be able to modify self-care activities and therapeutic regimen based on these ratings.
DNA Vaccines: Developing New Strategies against Cancer (2010)

Due to their rapid and widespread development, DNA vaccines have entered into a variety of human clinical trials for vaccines against various diseases including cancer. Evidence that DNA vaccines are well tolerated and have an excellent safety profile proved to be of advantage as many clinical trials combines the first phase with the second, saving both time and money. It is clear from the results obtained in clinical trials that such DNA vaccines require much improvement in antigen expression and delivery methods to make them sufficiently effective in the clinic. Similarly, it is clear that additional strategies are required to activate effective immunity against poorly immunogenic tumor antigens. Engineering vaccine design for manipulating antigen presentation and processing pathways is one of the most important aspects that can be easily handled in the DNA vaccine technology. Several approaches have been investigated including DNA vaccine engineering, co-delivery of immunomodulatory molecules, safe routes of administration, prime-boost regimen and strategies to break the immunosuppressive networks mechanisms adopted by malignant cells to prevent immune cell function. Combined or single strategies to enhance the efficacy and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines are applied in completed and ongoing clinical trials, where the safety and tolerability of the DNA platform are substantiated. In this review on DNA vaccines, salient aspects on this topic going from basic research to the clinic are evaluated. Some representative DNA cancer vaccine studies are also discussed.
Control of dissected leaf morphology by a Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor in the model legume <i>Medicago truncatula</i> (2010)

Plant leaves are diverse in their morphology, reflecting to a large degree the plant diversity in the natural environment. How different leaf morphology is determined is not yet understood. The leguminous plant Medicago truncatula exhibits dissected leaves with three leaflets at the tip. We show that development of the trifoliate leaves is determined by the Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor PALM1. Loss-of-function mutants of PALM1 develop dissected leaves with five leaflets clustered at the tip. We demonstrate that PALM1 binds a specific promoter sequence and down-regulates the expression of the M. truncatula LEAFY/UNIFOLIATA orthologue SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), encoding an indeterminacy factor necessary for leaflet initiation. Our data indicate that SGL1 is required for leaflet proliferation in the palm1 mutant. Interestingly, ectopic expression of PALM1 effectively suppresses the lobed leaf phenotype from overexpression of a class 1 KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein in Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, our results show that PALM1 acts as a determinacy factor, regulates the spatial-temporal expression of SGL1 during leaf morphogenesis and together with the LEAFY/UNIFOLIATA orthologue plays an important role in orchestrating the compound leaf morphology in M. truncatula.
The Base Effect in Catalytic Hydrogenation. A Simple Synthesis of 6-Methoxy-α-tetralone (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Base Effect in Catalytic Hydrogenation. A Simple Synthesis of 6-Methoxy-α-tetraloneGilbert StorkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 576–579Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views666Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of glycogen synthase by hierarchal protein phosphorylation (1990)

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms for controlling protein function. We now know that most phosphoproteins contain multiple phosphorylation sites and that these sites are often located in clusters. From the study of the enzyme glycogen synthase, one mechanism for the formation of phosphorylation clusters has been discovered that involves the concerted action of two or more protein kinases. One protein kinase, the primary kinase, introduces a phosphate group that is a requirement for the action of another, secondary, protein kinase. Thus the multiple phosphorylation occurs in a hierarchal fashion. This mechanism, which is critical for the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase, is likely to be a much more widespread phenomenon.