gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Smart Fridge with an Ability to Enhance Health and Enable Better Nutrition (2009)

Intelligent appliances with multimedia capability have been emerging into our daily life, thanks to the fast advance of computing technology and the wide use of the Interne. Smart home is one of the most prominent areas of intelligent appliances. Kitchen is one of the places where such intelligent appliances have been used. Since modern life style is driving people spending less time on cooking healthy food at home, an enjoyable and healthy life style can be assisted with an intelligent kitchenware such as a smart fridge. In this paper we introduce a novel idea of the smart fridge which can enable better nutrition and enhance health. It is designed for managing items stored in it and advising its users with cooking methods depending on what kind of food is stored. More importantly, it can perform other actions such as dietary control, nutrition monitoring, eating habit analysis, etc. The characteristics, functions and design details of the smart fridge are presented in details. We are confident that such a smart fridge will be an important component in future smart home. 1.
ROLE OF MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (MIF) AND MIF PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERE MALARIAL ANEMIA (2007)

Severe malarial anemia (SMA), caused by infections with Plasmodium falciparum, is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the molecular determinants of SMA are largely undefined, dysregulation in host-derived inflammatory mediators influences disease severity. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important regulator of innate inflammatory responses that has recently been shown to suppress erythropoiesis and promote pathogenesis of SMA in murine models. The role of MIF in childhood malarial pathogenesis was investigated by examining peripheral blood MIF production in children residing in a hyperendemic area of Gabon, and a holoendemic region of western Kenya. The relationship between MIF concentrations and monocytic acquisition of hemozoin, and the effects of MIF on erythropoiesis in vivo and in vitro were investigated. In addition, the influence of genetic variation at MIF -173 (G/C) and -794 (CATT5-8) on MIF production and susceptibility to SMA and high-density parasitemia (HDP) was examined. Circulating MIF concentrations and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) MIF production progressively declined with increasing anemia severity and increasing levels of hemozoin-containing monocytes. However, circulating MIF concentrations were not significantly associated with reticulocyte production in children with acute malaria. Additional experiments in malaria-naïve individuals demonstrated that hemozoin caused both increased and decreased MIF production in cultured PBMC based on genetic differences. In addiiton, a novel in vitro model of erythropoiesis was developed and used to demonstrate that treatment with exogenous MIF or blocking endogenous MIF did not signifcantly impact on the efficiency of erythropoiesis. Genetic analyses revealed that the MIF -173 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of HDP compared to MIF -173 GG. In addition, individuals with the MIF -794CATT6/-173G haplotype were significantly protected from SMA while those with -794CATT7/8/-173C haplotypes were at an increased risk of developing SMA. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SMA is associated with decreased MIF production and that individuals with high MIF-producing genetic variants are less susceptible to severe malaria. The public health significance of this study is that investigations presented here increase our understanding of protective inflammatory responses to childhood malaria, which is critical in the formulation of an effective malarial vaccine.
Recovery of Sn, Ag and Cu from Waste Pb-Free Solder Using Nitric Acid Leaching (2012)

The development of a hydrometallurgical process for the recycling of waste Pb-free solder based on nitric acid leaching, followed by the separation of Ag and Cu through AgCl precipitation or cementation, was investigated. Nitric acid dissolved Cu and Ag from the waste material while converting tin to stannic oxide (SnO2), which is very sparingly soluble in the HNO3 solution. More than 99% of the Ag and Cu in the waste Pb-free solder were dissolved in 2 kmol·m−3 HNO3 under the leaching conditions of 75°C, 100 kg·m−3 pulp density and stirring at 400 rpm for 120 min. The addition of NaCl or Cu powder was used to separate Ag from Cu in the solution. The addition of 2 kg·m−3 of NaCl or 125 kg·m−3 of Cu powder to the leaching solution at 30°C led to the successful recovery of 3755 g·m−3 of Ag. Thus, the results showed that Sn, Ag and Cu could be separated and recovered from waste Pb-free solder by the proposed recycling process.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2): Packaging Signal and Associated Negative Regulatory Element (1995)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)-based retroviral vectors will have several desirable features as vehicles for gene therapy. These include target cell specificity, regulated expression, and attenuated cytopathicity. Such vectors require efficient packaging of RNA into retroviral particles which depends on a cis-acting sequence element called packaging signal or psi site. For most retroviruses, the principal part of this element is located between the major splice donor site and the gag initiator codon (AUG) in the leader sequence. The deletion of the corresponding region of HIV-2 did indeed cause a packaging defect; however, it did not abolish RNA encapsidation and viral infectivity. Additionally, deletions in this region resulted in an increase in intracellular viral RNA and extracellular p27 core antigen. However, only a fraction of the intracellular viral RNA was packaged into mature particles. These effects appeared to be sequence specific as deletion of the sequence elements upstream of the splice donor site did not result in increased viral RNA and proteins. A computer-assisted analysis of the leader sequence of viral RNA shows it to be rich in secondary structure, which was markedly altered in the deletion mutants. Thus, the leader sequence of HIV-2 between the splice donor site and the gag ATG has at least two regulatory functions: one positive, affecting encapsidation, and the other negative, regulating virus expression. Because there is only a limited sequence or structural homology between the corresponding region of HIV-1 and HIV-2, they are likely to differ in their pathways regulating packaging and gene expression.
Internal Ca2+ release in yeast is triggered by hypertonic shock and mediated by a TRP channel homologue (2002)

Calcium ions, present inside all eukaryotic cells, are important second messengers in the transduction of biological signals. In mammalian cells, the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular compartments is required for signaling and involves the regulated opening of ryanodine and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors. However, in budding yeast, no signaling pathway has been shown to involve Ca(2+) release from internal stores, and no homologues of ryanodine or IP3 receptors exist in the genome. Here we show that hyperosmotic shock provokes a transient increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) in vivo. Vacuolar Ca(2+), which is the major intracellular Ca(2+) store in yeast, is required for this response, whereas extracellular Ca(2+) is not. We aimed to identify the channel responsible for this regulated vacuolar Ca(2+) release. Here we report that Yvc1p, a vacuolar membrane protein with homology to transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, mediates the hyperosmolarity induced Ca(2+) release. After this release, low cytosolic Ca(2+) is restored and vacuolar Ca(2+) is replenished through the activity of Vcx1p, a Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger. These studies reveal a novel mechanism of internal Ca(2+) release and establish a new function for TRP channels.
Seismic‐response‐controlled structure with active mass driver system. Part 1: Design (1991)

Abstract An Active Mass Driver (AMD) system is proposed to suppress actively the response of a building to irregular external excitations such as earthquakes and typhoons. This system has been introduced to an actual ten‐storey office building for the first time in the world. The system controls the motions of a structure by means of an external energy supply. It consists of an auxiliary mass installed in a building and an actuator that operates the mass and produces a control force which counters disturbances to the building. The design method of the AMD system, including the location of the installation and the capacity and stability of the system, is proposed. Simplification of the control algorithm is also described.
All-fiber Bessel beam generator based on M-type optical fiber (2013)

We propose and demonstrate an all-fiber Bessel beam generator based on M-type optical fiber and graded-index optical fiber. We show that the output optical beam from the graded-index optical fiber end-face is a Bessel-like beam, which is generated by Fourier transform of a ring light that is generated by M-type optical fiber using graded-index optical fiber lens. We also study wave propagation in this generator using beam propagation method. The simulated results show that the output beam from this generator is rather like an ideal Bessel-Gaussian beam.
Linearly polarized, single-frequency, widely tunable Er:Yb bulk laser at around 1550 nm wavelength (1996)

We report on a 36 nm tunable, single-frequency, linearly polarized Er:Yb:glass laser. A tuning range from 1528 to 1564 nm, with output power ranging from 1 to 8 mW, is achieved. Wavelength tuning and linearly polarized output are simultaneously obtained by using a special polarizing etalon with anisotropic absorption losses.
Epitopes of myelin basic protein that trigger TGF-<i>beta</i> release after oral tolerization are distinct from encephalitogenic epitopes and mediate epitope-driven bystander suppression. (1993)

We have been studying the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat after oral administration of myelin basic protein (MBP). Suppression is mediated by CD8+ T cells that adoptively transfer protection and suppress immune responses in vitro. This suppression is mediated by secretion of TGF-beta following triggering by the fed antigen. In the present study, we tested the ability of overlapping 20 amino acid peptides from MBP to trigger suppression mediated by spleen cells from Lewis rats orally tolerized to MBP. Using a transwell system, we found that spleen cells from MBP orally tolerized animals stimulated by residues 21-40, 51-70 and 101-120 of MBP suppress proliferative responses of an ovalbumin specific cell line. This suppression correlated with secretion of TGF-beta by cells stimulated with the peptide. In addition, T cells from animals fed the tolerogenic peptide 21-40 alone secreted TGF-beta whereas no TGF-beta release or in vitro suppression was observed in animals fed the MBP encephalitogenic determinant 71-90. The 71-90 peptide triggered proliferation of MBP primed cells from animals immunized with MBP/CFA whereas the suppressor epitopes identified above did not. Furthermore, oral administration of peptide 21-40 suppressed disease induced by peptide 71-90. DTH responses to 71-90 were not affected by oral administration of peptide 21-40 whereas DTH responses to whole MBP were suppressed. These results demonstrate that distinct suppressor determinants exist on MBP which are separate from encephalitogenic determinants, and that epitope-driven bystander suppression plays an important role in down-regulation of tissue specific autoimmune processes following oral tolerization. These findings have important implications for the design of tissue specific targeted immunotherapy by oral tolerization in humans.
Towards digital representation of Drosophila embryogenesis (2008)

Animal development can be described as a complex, three- dimensional cellular system that changes dramatically across time as a consequence of cell proliferation, differentiation and movement. Using Drosophila embryogenesis as a model we are developing molecular, imaging and image analysis techniques to record an entire developmental system at cellular resolution. We image Drosophila embryos expressing fluorescent markers in toto using single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). SPIM offers the unique ability to image large living biological specimens in their entirety by acquiring image stacks from multiple angles while also providing high temporal resolution necessary for following dynamic developmental processes. We have developed an image analysis pipeline that efficiently processes long-term time-lapse multi-view SPIM data by aligning the different angles with high precision for a single time point and propagating the alignment parameters throughout the time series. The registered views are fused using an approach that evaluates the image content in each view.
Control of glomerular hypertension limits glomerular injury in rats with reduced renal mass. (1985)

Micropuncture and morphologic studies were performed in four groups of male Munich-Wistar rats after removal of the right kidney and segmental infarction of two-thirds of the left kidney. Groups 1 and 3 received no specific therapy. Groups 2 and 4 were treated with the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, 50 mg/liter of which was put in their drinking water. All rats were fed standard chow. Groups 1 and 2 underwent micropuncture study 4 wk after renal ablation. Untreated group 1 rats exhibited systemic hypertension and elevation of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) due to high average values for the mean glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference and glomerular plasma flow rate. In group 2 rats, treatment with enalapril prevented systemic hypertension and maintained the mean glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure gradient at near-normal levels without significantly compromising SNGFR and the glomerular capillary plasma flow rate, as compared with untreated group 1 rats. Groups 3 and 4 were studied 8 wk after renal ablation. Untreated group 3 rats demonstrated persistent systemic hypertension, progressive proteinuria, and glomerular structural lesions, including mesangial expansion and segmental sclerosis. In group 4 rats, treatment with enalapril maintained systemic blood pressure at normal levels over the 8-wk period and significantly limited the development of proteinuria and glomerular lesions. These studies suggest that control of glomerular hypertension effectively limits glomerular injury in rats with renal ablation, and further support the view that glomerular hemodynamic changes mediate progressive renal injury when nephron number is reduced.
In situ demonstration and characterization of progonadotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in first trimester human placentas. (1993)

GnRH has been shown to play a role in the regulation of secretion of hCG by human placenta. Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of the peptide, but do not address whether the GnRH is maternal, fetal, or placental in origin. In situ hybridization studies using a biotinylated pro-GnRH cDNA were, therefore, undertaken to determine the distribution of pro-GnRH mRNA in first trimester placental samples. Using an avidin-biotin-Cy.5 detection system in conjunction with laser scanning confocal microscopy, pro-GnRH mRNA was shown to be present in both the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells of placental villi, although not in the cells of the fetal connective tissue. Prior hybridization with a 200-fold excess of unlabeled probe blocked hybridization of the labeled pro-GnRH probe. Southern and sequence analysis demonstrated that the probe hybridized to a transcript identical to hypothalamic GnRH. Immunocytochemical staining using an antiserum to amino acids 6-16 of pro-GnRH demonstrated the presence of translated pro-GnRH in both the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast epithelia. We conclude that the synthesis of pro-GnRH by both the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta is consistent with either an autocrine or a paracrine mode of GnRH regulation of hCG secretion.
Estimating Foodborne Gastroenteritis, Australia (2005)

We estimated for Australia the number of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths due to foodborne gastroenteritis in a typical year, circa 2000. The total amount of infectious gastroenteritis was measured by using a national telephone survey. The foodborne proportion was estimated from Australian data on each of 16 pathogens. To account for uncertainty, we used simulation techniques to calculate 95% credibility intervals (CrI). The estimate of incidence of gastroenteritis in Australia is 17.2 million (95% confidence interval 14.5-19.9 million) cases per year. We estimate that 32% (95% CrI 24%-40%) are foodborne, which equals 0.3 (95% CrI 0.2-0.4) episodes per person, or 5.4 million (95% CrI 4.0-6.9 million) cases annually in Australia. Norovirus, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. cause the most illnesses. In addition, foodborne gastroenteritis causes approximately 15,000 (95% CrI 11,000-18,000) hospitalizations and 80 (95% CrI 40-120) deaths annually. This study highlights global public health concerns about foodborne diseases and the need for standardized methods, including assessment of uncertainty, for international comparison.
Mechanisms of Exacerbations (2000)

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and hospital admission. Some patients are particularly susceptible to develop frequent exacerbations; exacerbation frequency being an important determinant of health related quality of life. Patients with frequent exacerbations (three or more exacerbations per year) have increased induced sputum cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels when stable, suggesting that frequent exacerbation is associated with increased airway inflammatory changes. Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of COPD exacerbations, with upper respiratory tract infections (colds) being associated with two-thirds of COPD exacerbations. Rhinovirus has been detected in induced sputum by PCR in 25% of exacerbations, suggesting that rhinovirus may directly infect the lower airway triggering exacerbation. The presence of an upper respiratory tract infection leads to a longer symptom recovery time at exacerbation. At exacerbation induced sputum IL-6 levels were increased compared to stable, though there were no significant increases in IL-8 or sputum cell counts. Sputum IL-6 levels were found to be higher in those patients with symptoms of a common cold. Increased airway eosinophilia has been also found at exacerbation. Other factors including bacterial colonization of the airways, temperature and interactions with environmental pollutants may also play a role in COPD exacerbation.
Formulation and Stability of Itraconazole and Odanacatib Nanoparticles: Governing Physical Parameters (2009)

The successful formulation of itraconazole and odanacatib into nanoparticle form with diameters of 145 and 350 nm, respectively, using rapid, block copolymer-directed precipitation is presented. These are the smallest stable nanoparticles that have been reported for these compounds. The difference in size of the nanoparticles for the two compounds is explained by the difference in nucleation rate and its dependence on supersaturation. The conditions for stability after formation are presented: storage at 5 degrees C and removal of residual processing solvent. These requirements are explained in terms of solute solubility and its dependence on both temperature and solvent concentration. The theory of Ostwald ripening provides the framework for understanding the differences in stability observed for the two compounds. The dynamics of the hydrophobic polymer block plays a major role in long-term stability as demonstrated by the behavior of nanoparticles stabilized by poloxamer vs polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide polymers.
Objective Assessment of Olfactory Function Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) (2010)

Impairment of the olfactory sensibility can be an indicator of neurode generative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The problem lies in obtaining an objective quantitative analysis of olfactory response. For this task, we will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a device that will provide a selective and controlled stimulation of the olfactory system. The novel issues of our design are synchronization between the acquisition and the olfactory task, and automated control of experimental parameters, odorants sequences, and frequency. We present a review of the basic fMRI experimental design of event-related stimulus paradigms versus block design experiments, and their use in olfactory experiments. Finally, we present the preliminary results obtained on a real 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.
Mechanically ruled aberration-corrected concave gratings for a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrograph (1983)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Toshiaki Kita, Tatsuo Harada, N. Nakano, and H. Kuroda, "Mechanically ruled aberration-corrected concave gratings for a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrograph," Appl. Opt. 22, 512-513 (1983) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Logical Reasoning and Retrieval Performance. (1993)

The logical reasoning ability of end users of a CD-ROM index was tested, and associations between different levels of this ability and aspects of retrieval performance were assessed. Users'selection of vocabulary and their selection of citations for further examination are both influenced by this ability. Accordingly, the design of information systems should address the effects of logical reasoning on search behavior. In particular, people with lower levels of logical reasoning ability may experience difficulty using systems in which user selectivity plays an important role. Other systems, such as those with ranked output, may decrease the need for users to make selections and would be easier to use for people with lower levels of logical reasoning ability
Carotid Endarterectomy in the Patients with High Risk Clinical Factors (2001)

頚部頚動脈内膜切除術(carotid endarterectomy;CEA)は, 動脈硬化性高度狭窄病変に対する根治的かつ確立された治療法であり, 周術期合併症の発生をいかに低く抑えるかは, 常に術者に求められる課題である.CEAの施行に際しては, 虚血性心疾患など重篤な全身疾患の合併, 対側内頚動脈閉塞や頭蓋内病変合併, 脳虚血発症急性期の不安定な神経症状など、手術成績に影響する危険因子に対する配慮が必須である.Sundtらは, このようなCEAのrisk factorについて, medical risk, angiographic risk, neurologic riskの3項に大別し, 諸項目をあげている.彼らの分類に従い, これらhigh risk症例に対するCEAの安全性と問題点, 手技に関する工夫などについて, 諸家の報告と自験例の治療経験より概説する.
Carbohydrate is linked through ethanolamine to the <i>C</i>-terminal amino acid of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> variant surface glycoprotein (1983)

The C-terminal amino acid of the variant surface glycoprotein from Trypanosoma brucei is glycosylated. For two variant proteins that terminate in an aspartic acid and a serine residue respectively, it was shown that the sugar side chain is linked through ethanolamine to the alpha-carboxy group of the amino acid.