gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavefunction scaling in a quasi-periodic potential (1983)

The nature of wavefunctions in a particular system with two incommensurate periods is discussed. It is shown that the wavefunction can be approximated by a product of functions corresponding to the different quasiperiods, and so these approximate periods serve as discrete length scales for the wavefunction. In this way it can be understood how localised or extended wavefunctions, and also two different types of wavefunctions corresponding to a singular continuous spectrum, can occur. Under certain critical conditions self-similar wavefunctions are found.
Site‐directed inhibition of DNA replication by triple helix formation (2001)

Sequence-specific DNA recognition can be achieved by the use of triplex-forming molecules, namely, oligonucleotides (TFO) and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). They have been used to regulate transcription or induce genomic DNA modifications at a selected site in cells and, recently, in vivo. We have determined the conditions under which a triplex structure can inhibit DNA replication in cells. An oligopyrimidine.oligopurine sequence suitable for triplex formation was inserted in a plasmid on both sides of the SV40 origin of replication. This insert-containing plasmid was replicated in COS-1 cells together with the parent plasmid, and the ratio between the corresponding replicated DNAs was quantitated. Selective inhibition of replication of the insert-containing plasmid can be ascribed to ligand binding to the oligopyrimidine.oligopurine sequence. Inhibition of DNA replication was observed using triplex-forming molecules that induce either covalent binding at the double-stranded target sequence (with TFO-psoralen conjugate and irradiation) or noncovalent triplex formation after strand displacement (with bis-PNA). In contrast, in the absence of covalent cross-linking, TFOs (which have been shown to arrest transcription elongation) did not act on replication. These results open new perspectives for future design and use of specific inhibitors of intracellular DNA information processing.
Studies on Isocyanides. 2-Isocyanothioanisole, a Synthetic Equivalent of the Benzothiazol-2-yl Anion (1996)

A synthesis of 2-isocyanothioanisole (3) is described.The reaction between 3 and electrophilic reagents took place easily to give 2-functionalized benzothiazoles (6).
Expression of clusterin in normal and preeclamptic placentas (2008)

Increased expression of clusterin in placental tissues might play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Self-reported efficacy of an all in-the-ear-canal prosthetic device to inhibit stuttering during one hundred hours of university teaching: an autobiographical clinical commentary (2003)

This manuscript outlines the lifelong battle with severe stuttering and describes a new modality of effective amelioration of the disorder from the standpoint of a university professor and researcher in the field of stuttering. Childhood reactions to stuttering are discussed, along with the educational and vocational impact of stuttering. Ongoing therapy was received throughout the formative years and into adulthood, emphasizing reduced rates of speech. The use of Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) was found to induce fluent speech, but was considered only as a tool for decreasing the speech rate to achieve fluency. When fluency under DAF was discovered to be possible at faster speech rates, the possibility that the use of DAF and other forms of altered auditory feedback could themselves have an inhibitory effect on stuttering, without concomitant rate reduction was investigated. An In-The-Canal (ITC) fluency-enhancing device was used that provided DAF and Frequency Altered Feedback (FAF) to produce more fluent speech. After 10 months of use, the author was relatively free from stuttering. Speech was natural sounding, relatively spontaneous and unlaboured with an absence of fear. However, further testing (that is currently underway at various centres) is necessary before generalizations can be made.
Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors (1997)

Gastrointestinal carcinoids, although malignant, behave differently from other carcinomas. Results are highly variable and must be individualized according to the site of the primary tumor, extent of spread, and general condition of the patient. A prolongation of quality life can often be accomplished through aggressive medical and surgical therapies.
Role of tumour suppressor ING3 in melanoma pathogenesis (2009)

The type II tumour suppressor ING3 has been shown to modulate transcription, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. To investigate the putative role of ING3 in melanoma development, we examined the expression of ING3 in 58 dysplastic nevi, 114 primary melanomas, and 50 metastatic melanomas with tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Overall ING3 was reduced in metastatic melanomas compared with dyslastic nevi and primary melanomas. Reduced nuclear ING3 staining also correlated with melanoma progression, increased cytoplasmic ING3 level, tumour location at sun-exposed sites, and a poorer disease-specific 5-year survival of patients with primary melanoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that nuclear ING3 staining can independently predict patient outcome in primary melanomas. In melanoma cells, ING3 expression was rapidly induced by UV irradiation. Using stable clones of melanoma cells overexpressing ING3, we showed that ING3 significantly promoted UV-induced apoptosis. Unlike its homologues ING1b and ING2, ING3-enhanced apoptosis upon UV irradiation was independent of functional p53. Furthermore, ING3 did not affect the expression of mitochondrial proteins but increased the cleavage of Bid and caspases. Moreover, ING3 upregulated Fas expression and ING3-mediated apoptosis was blocked by inhibiting caspase-8 or Fas activation. Knockdown of ING3 expression decreased UV-induced apoptosis remarkably, suggesting that ING3 plays a crucial role in cellular response to UV radiation. To explore how ING3 is deregulated in advanced melanomas, we examined ING3 expression in metastatic melanoma cells and found that ING3 was downregulated due to a rapid protein turnover in these cells. Further studies demonstrated that ING3 undergoes degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We also demonstrate that ING3 interacts with the SCF (Skp1/Cul1/Roc1/Skp2) E3 ligase complex. Knockdown of Cul1 or Skp2 significantly stabilized ING3 in melanoma cells. In addition, lysine residue 96 is essential for ING3 ubiquitination as its mutation to arginine completely abrogated ING3 turnover and enhanced ING3-stimulatd apoptosis upon UV irradiation. Taken together, ING3 is deregulated in melanomas as a result of both nucleus-to-cytoplasm shift and rapid degradation. The level of ING3 in the nucleus may be an important marker for human melanoma progression and prognosis. Restoration of ING3 expression significantly sensitizes melanoma cells to UV radiation through the activation of Fas/caspase-8 pathway.
Bleaching of Olive Tree Residues Pulp with Peracetic Acid and Comparative Study with Hydrogen Peroxide (2002)

This paper considers the influence of the operating conditions used in the peracetic acid bleaching (concentration, 0.5−2.5%; consistency, 10−20%; pH, 6.5−7.5; temperature, 55−85 °C; and process time, 30−150 min) and the hydrogen peroxide bleaching (concentration, 1−5%, and process time, 30−210 min) of olive wood trimming pulps on the yield, kappa index, and viscosity of the resulting pulp and on the strength-related properties (stretch index and burst index) of paper sheets derived from this material in an effort to determine the best bleaching conditions for this pulp. Low to medium hydrogen peroxide concentrations (1−3%) and a high process time (210 min) were desired in the bleaching of the pulp. A high peracetic acid concentration (2.5%), intermediate process time (90 min), and low consistency (10%) and temperature (55 °C) were required for peracetic acid bleaching. A comparison of peracetic and hydrogen peroxide bleaching under similar operating conditions revealed the former to result in a 13% lower brightness, a 33% higher kappa index, and a 9% higher viscosity than the latter. On the other hand, the stretch index and burst index were similar: the differences between the two were less than 0.5% for both indices.
Accurate power model for mobile AMOLED displays (2015)

The display is a dominant power‐consuming component in mobile devices. The active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display has been popular in mobile devices and its accurate power model is crucial for efficient power management. Existing power models do not consider the behaviours of the driving hardware components of AMOLED display modules. A new power model is proposed which considers the efficiency of an AMOLED DC–DC converter and the dependency of the driving circuits in a commercial AMOLED display module, and thus estimates an accurate power consumption value. Through extensive experiments using three well‐known image databases, the proposed power model is found to have lower error rates than the existing pixel‐based one for all the databases. Especially, for bright images the error rate of the new model amounts to only 0.59%, whereas that of the existing one is 8.48%.
The Determination of Successive Principal Components Without Computation of Tables of Residual Correlation Coefficients (1944)

A procedure is presented for determining the successive principal components of a correlation matrix where it is not necessary to compute the successive tables of residual correlations. The original correlation matrix is bordered with a new row and column for each principal component that is determined.
Optical observations of GRB/XRF 040912 = HETE 3557. (2004)

Astronomy
Joint queries estimation from multiple OLAP databases (2003)

Given an OLAP query expressed over a collection of source OLAP databases, we study the problem of computing the result OLAP target database when the underlying detail data of the source databases are not available. The problem arises when the source databases do not have the same category attributes, and it is not possible to derive the result from a single database. The method we use is the linear indirect estimator. We consider two obvious methods for computing such a target database, called the full-cross-product (F) and the pre-aggregation (P) methods. As for the accuracy and computational performance of these methods, while the method F provides the most accurate estimate possible, it is more expensive computationally than P. Our contribution is in proposing a third new method, called the shortcut method, which is less expensive than F, but is as accurate.
MAPping the Ndc80 loop in cancer: A possible link between Ndc80/Hec1 overproduction and cancer formation (2015)

Mis-regulation (e.g. overproduction) of the human Ndc80/Hec1 outer kinetochore protein has been associated with aneuploidy and tumourigenesis, but the genetic basis and underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Recent studies have identified the ubiquitous Ndc80 internal loop as a protein-protein interaction platform. Binding partners include the Ska complex, the replication licensing factor Cdt1, the Dam1 complex, TACC-TOG microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and kinesin motors. We review the field and propose that the overproduction of Ndc80 may unfavourably absorb these interactors through the internal loop domain and lead to a change in the equilibrium of MAPs and motors in the cells. This sequestration will disrupt microtubule dynamics and the proper segregation of chromosomes in mitosis, leading to aneuploid formation. Further investigation of Ndc80 internal loop-MAPs interactions will bring new insights into their roles in kinetochore-microtubule attachment and tumourigenesis.
Molecular Origin of Efficient Phonon Transfer in Modulated Polymer Blends: Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on Polymer Coil Size and Assembled Microstructure (2017)

Molecular level engineering of polymer or polymer blends has been recently demonstrated an effective strategy to regulate thermal conductivity. Such materials are of great interest to meet critical requirements of transparent, lightweight, flexible, and so on for thermal management in electronic applications. In this work, modulated polymer blends with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and biopolymers (lignin, gelatin) were designed and significantly enhanced thermal conductivity was achieved by tuning the intermolecular interaction among polymer components. The hydrogen bond interaction has been revealed as the major driving force that affects the polymer coil dimension in aqueous solution, the microstructure of coil–coil interaction in solid film, and thus, the thermal conduction. A solid relationship across molecular level interaction to macroscale thermal conduction is constructed via careful characterization of the coil size in liquid phase and assembled microstructure in solid phase. Appropriate integration of biopolymers and PVA is essential to achieve synergistic effect. Specifically, thermal conductivity of polymer blend with 10% lignin and 10% G90 in PVA reaches 0.71 W/m·K, which is 184% enhancement as compared to pure PVA. This work reveals the fundamental molecular origin of polymer blends in association with thermal conductivity and has great potential to guide molecular engineering for superior physicochemical properties.
Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies (2001)

The notion that our nation's critical infrastructures are highly interconnected and mutually dependent in complex ways, both physically and through a host of information and communications technologies (so-called "cyberbased systems"), is more than an abstract, theoretical concept. As shown by the 1998 failure of the Galaxy 4 telecommunications satellite, the prolonged power crisis in California, and many other recent infrastructure disruptions, what happens to one infrastructure can directly and indirectly affect other infrastructures, impact large geographic regions and send ripples throughout the national a global economy. This article presents a conceptual framework for addressing infrastructure interdependencies that could serve as the basis for further understanding and scholarship in this important area. We use this framework to explore the challenges and complexities of interdependency. We set the stage for this discussion by explicitly defining the terms infrastructure, infrastructure dependencies, and infrastructure interdependencies and introducing the fundamental concept of infrastructures as complex adaptive systems. We then focus on the interrelated factors and system conditions that collectively define the six dimensions. Finally, we discuss some of the research challenges involved in developing, applying, and validating modeling and simulation methodologies and tools for infrastructure interdependency analysis.
Multi-line crosstalk and common-mode noise analysis (2002)

The rapid increase in integration level and GHz clock rates are placing increasing demands on the on-chip interconnections for large chips that now contain a substantial portion of the total system. In this environment, noise containment is becoming increasingly difficult. Experimental verification is presented of a multi-line synthesis approach for crosstalk and common-mode noise evaluation. The need for proper accounting of the frequency-dependent current distribution through the finite impedance of the reference conductors is highlighted with examples of wide data-bus structures.
Oligonucleotide Analogs with Dimethylenesulfide, <br><nobr>-sulfoxide,</nobr> and <nobr>-sulfone</nobr> Groups Replacing Phosphodiester Linkages (2003)

Two sets of experimental protocols are given for the synthesis of 3',5'-bis-homodeoxyribonucleosides, building blocks for the synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotide analogs where the -O-PO2-O- groups are replaced by -CH2-S-CH2-, -CH2-SO-CH2-, and -CH2-SO2-CH2- units. Conditions are presented for joining these building blocks to create short nucleic acid analogs. Since isosteric, achiral, and non-ionic analogs of natural oligonucleotides stable to both enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis, such molecules have potential application as probes in the laboratory, in studies of the biological function of individual genes, and as "antisense" oligonucleotide analogs.
Automatic student modeling and bug library construction using theory refinement (1995)

The history of computers in education can be characterized by a continuing effort to construct intelligent tutorial programs which can adapt to the individual needs of a student in a one-on-one setting. A critical component of these intelligent tutorials is a mechanism for modeling the conceptual state of the student so that the system is able to tailor its feedback to suit individual strengths and weaknesses. The primary contribution of this research is a new student modeling technique which can automatically capture novel student errors using only correct domain knowledge, and can automatically compile trends across multiple student models into bug libraries. This approach has been implemented as a computer program, A scSSERT, using a machine learning technique called theory refinement which is a method for automatically revising a knowledge base to be consistent with a set of examples. Using a knowledge base that correctly defines a domain and examples of a student's behavior in that domain, A scSSERT models student errors by collecting any refinements to the correct knowledge base which are necessary to account for the student's behavior. The efficacy of the approach has been demonstrated by evaluating A scSSERT using 100 students tested on a classification task covering concepts from an introductory course on the C$\sp{++}$ programming language. Students who received feedback based on the models automatically generated by A scSSERT performed significantly better on a post test than students who received simple reteaching.
Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors (2011)

Overweight or obese children who were obese as adults had increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. The risks of these outcomes among overweight or obese children who became nonobese by adulthood were similar to those among persons who were never obese. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.).
A new method of magnetic resonance image reconstruction with short acquisition time and truncation artifact reduction (1992)

A method for the reconstruction of magnetic resonance images that allows for a substantial reduction of the quantity of measured data and, therefore, of the acquisition time is described. The truncation artifact is also reduced, improving the image quality. The method is based on techniques for getting superresolution in spectral analysis such as autoregressive modeling and Prony's method. Moreover, some new ideas about the autoregressive order selection are introduced. The method is compared to the standard one for reconstructing simulated, phantom, and medical magnetic resonance images. The numerical stability and the computational cost issues of the resulting algorithm are also addressed.
The zinc-finger proto-oncogene <i>Gfi-1b</i> is essential for development of the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages (2002)

Gfi-1 and Gfi-1b are novel proto-oncogenes identified by retroviral insertional mutagenesis. By gene targeting, we establish that Gfi-1b is required for the development of two related blood lineages, erythroid and megakaryocytic, in mice. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryonic stem cells fail to contribute to red cells of adult chimeras. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryos exhibit delayed maturation of primitive erythrocytes and subsequently die with failure to produce definitive enucleated erythrocytes. The fetal liver of mutant mice contains erythroid and megakaryocytic precursors arrested in their development. Myelopoiesis is normal. Therefore, Gfi-1b is an essential transcriptional regulator of erythroid and megakaryocyte development.
The relationship between bone marrow edema size and knee pain (2009)

The purpose of our study was to determine the changes in the size of the edema observed on MRI scans and its relation to the activity pain of the patient and the rest pain in bone marrow edema (BME). A total of 51 patients were followed up at 3-month intervals for a period of 1 year. During the follow-ups, MRI scans of the patients' knees were obtained; the scores obtained on the Stanmore functional rating scale and visual analog scale were determined. The changes in these parameters and the correlation between them were examined. The following are the observations recorded during the bone marrow edema follow-ups: the size of the edema as observed on MRI scans decreased, and the activity pain and the rest pain decreased. While there is a correlation between the decrease in the edema size observed on MRI scans and decrease in the activity pain, there is no correlation between the decrease in the edema size observed on MRI scans and the decrease in rest pain. No changes were observed after a particular period of time with regard to decrease in the edema size observed on MRI scans, decrease in activity pain, and decrease in rest pain in follow-ups of BME patients.
Bleaching Teeth: History, Chemicals, and Methods Used for Common Tooth Discolorations (1992)

This article reviews the history of bleaching teeth to lighten tooth color. The last 2 years have seen a dramatic increase in new bleaching methods and bleaching chemicals. The following categorizes bleaching chemicals and methods in relation to their use in treating common tooth discolorations. Special attention is given to home bleaching methods.
Electrochemical properties and applications of ionic liquids (2011)

This book presents the latest research in electrochemical properties and applications of ionic liquids. While there is no universally agreed upon definition, an ionic liquid may be conveniently described as a compound composed entirely of ions that is a liquid at temperatures less than 100 °C. However, this is an arbitrary definition employed to distinguish ionic liquids from classically well-known molten salts. This book addresses a comprehensive overview of the area, because it is obvious that ionic liquids have the ability to offer many advantages, but also some disadvantages, over traditional molecular solvent (electrolyte) media in the field of electrochemistry. (Imprint: Nova)
BMP-2/ALK3 and HGF signal in parallel to regulate renal collecting duct morphogenesis (2000)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exert antagonistic effects on renal collecting duct formation during embryogenesis. A current model proposes HGF inhibits BMP-2 signaling at the level of Smad1 in a common target cell. Here, we show that BMP-2 and HGF control collecting duct formation via parallel pathways. We examined the interactions between BMP-2 and HGF in the mIMCD-3 model of collecting duct morphogenesis. During tubule formation, HGF rescued the inhibitory effects of BMP-2 and of a constitutive active form of the BMP-2 receptor, ALK3, stably expressed in mIMCD-3 cells. To determine whether the effect of HGF occurs through known mediators which act downstream of the BMP-2/ALK3 complex, we examined the effect of HGF on BMP-2-induced Smad1 phosphorylation, Smad1/Smad4 complex formation, and Smad1 nuclear translocation. Neither HGF nor other receptor tyrosine kinase ligands (EGF, FGF-4) induced phosphorylation of endogenous Smad1 in mIMCD-3 cells or in Mv1Lu, MC3T3-E1 or P19 cells. Furthermore, none of these ligands blocked induction of the BMP-responsive promoter, Tlx2. Thus, HGF overcomes the inhibitory effects of BMP-2 on collecting duct morphogenesis without interrupting any of the known signaling events in the BMP-2 dependent Smad1 signaling pathway. We conclude that BMP-2/ALK3 and HGF function to control parallel pathways downstream of their respective cell surface receptors. Integration of these signals likely occurs at the level of transcriptional or post-transcriptional events.