gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regenerator placement algorithms for connection establishment in all-optical networks (2001)

In wavelength-routed all-optical networks, signals are transmitted on a direct optical path, or a lightpath, in a single-hop manner without opto-electronic/electro-optic (OE/EO) conversion at intermediate nodes. However, due to the physical constraints of optical elements such as ASE noise and crosstalk, signals can be degraded on a long path. To establish a connection under such impairments, the optical signal may need to be regenerated at intermediate nodes, dividing a lightpath into two or more fragments. However, since signal regeneration at intermediate nodes requires additional network resources, the selection of these nodes should be made carefully to minimise blocking of other lightpaths. The problem of establishing a lightpath in a multihop manner under physical constraints is considered. The authors provide both minimal-cost and heuristic algorithms for locating signal regeneration nodes (SRNs). For a minimal-cost algorithm, the problem is formulated using dynamic programming (DP) such that blocking of other lightpaths due to the lack of transmitters/receivers (TXs/RXs) and wavelengths is minimised throughout the network. The blocking performances of the algorithms are compared with several other algorithms in a ring network.
<title>Optical pressure sensor for an aeronautical application using white light interferometry</title> (2000)

An optical pressure sensor for measuring hydraulic pressure in an aeronautical application is described. It is based on interferometry with low-coherence light coupled with single mode fibre. The design uses an anisotropically etched silicon diaphragm, electrostatically bonded to a borosilicate glass insert, mounted in a titanium body.
Photoinduced Free Radical Chemistry of the Acyl Tellurides: Generation, Inter- and Intramolecular Trapping, and ESR Spectroscopic Identification of Acyl Radicals (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced Free Radical Chemistry of the Acyl Tellurides: Generation, Inter- and Intramolecular Trapping, and ESR Spectroscopic Identification of Acyl RadicalsDavid Crich, Chen Chen, Jae-Taeg Hwang, Hongwei Yuan, Aristotle Papadatos, and Robert I. WalterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 20, 8937–8951Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00099a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1666Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of a series elastic actuator for a compliant parallel wrist rehabilitation robot (2013)

This paper presents the design of a novel linear series elastic actuator purposely designed to match the requirements of robots for wrist rehabilitation: backdriveability, intrinsic compliance, and capability to be controlled as ideal force/torque sources. An existing rehabilitation robot is adapted to include intrinsic compliance in the design. A novel linear compliant element is designed to meet dimensional and force/stiffness requirements; a force sensing scheme involving a Hall-effect sensor is optimized in FEM simulations and developed. Linearity tests of the compliant sensing element show a maximum of 4.5% of FSO combined nonlinearity and hysteresis errors. Characterization experiments show that the developed system introduces physical compliance, still guaranteeing accurate force control in a frequency range largely compatible with that required for wrist assistance during rehabilitation.
Refractive Flow and Treatment Systems: Conceptual, Analytical, and Numerical Modeling (2001)

Abstract Refractive flow and treatment (RFT) systems are designed for passive or low‐maintenance in situ ground water remediation for rock or soil of low to moderate permeability. An RFT system captures and refracts contaminated ground water and conveys it to an in situ permeable treatment zone without the need for pumping. Flow to the treatment zone is through one or more high‐permeability collection cells, and flow from the treatment zone back into the adjacent native media is through one or more high‐permeability dispersal cells. Conceptual, analytical, and numerical modeling demonstrates the potential for RFT systems to be successful. Analytical modeling shows that the most important factor for this success is that RFT system components be engineered to have comparatively high hydraulic conductivities. A numerical model, capable of representing site‐specific conditions, is required for actual RFT system design.
Bone Fracture and Lesion Assessment using Shape-Adaptive Unfolding (2017)

The assessment of rib bone fractures and lesions consists of many images that have to be thoroughly inspected slice-by-slice and rib-by-rib. Existing visualization methods, such as curved planar reformation (CPR), reduce the number of images to inspect and, in turn, the time spent per case. However, this task remains time-consuming and exhausting. In this paper, we propose a novel rib unfolding strategy that considers the cross-sectional shape of each rib individually and independently. This leads to shape-adaptive slices through the ribs. By aggregating these slices into a single image, we support radiologists with a concise overview visualization of the entire rib cage for fracture and lesion assessment. We present results of our approach along different cases of rib and spinal fractures as well as lesions. To assess the applicability of our method, we separately evaluated the segmentation (with 954 data sets) and the visualization (with two clinical coaches).
Association of TNFSF15 With Crohn's Disease in Koreans (2008)

Our data support the hypothesis that the TNFSF15 genotypes play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD in Koreans.
Drug treatment of pruritus in liver diseases (2015)

Pruritus (itch) is a common complication of cholestatic liver diseases (CLD). It can be a distressing and debilitating symptom, causing significant impairment in quality of life. Treatment of pruritus in liver diseases can be challenging and requires specific management with early initiation and a step-wise approach using specific drugs. Clinical trials are ongoing with novel agents that demonstrate potential efficacy. Patients with cholestatic pruritus are likely to present to a variety of clinicians who would benefit from medical awareness of available treatment options. In this review, we outline the pharmaceutical agents currently used to treat cholestatic pruritus and provide the evidence base for targeted symptom control of itch in liver diseases. We also highlight recent developments in the pathophysiology of cholestatic pruritus and the emerging novel therapies.
Structure and properties of separable concatenated convolutional codes (2002)

In this paper a code construction for convolutional codes is studied. This construction is analogous to product coding for block codes. It is shown that the construction is "commutative". The relationship between the free distance and the interleaving factors is examined, and then exemplified with computer simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluid management for dengue in children (2012)

Dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide. Dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the severe form of dengue fever, can cause death within 12-24 hours if appropriate treatment is not promptly administered. For patients with DSS and the 30% of non-shocked dengue patients who require intravenous fluid therapy, a range of solutions is available for plasma volume support. Crystalloid solutions, such as normal 0·9% saline or Ringer's lactate, are the ones most commonly used. In severe cases, colloid solutions may be administered for their greater osmotic effect, although they carry a greater risk of adverse events. This paper summarises the key clinical data, comparing fluid regimens in children with severe dengue, and concludes that the majority of patients with DSS can be treated successfully with isotonic crystalloid solutions. If a colloid is thought necessary, a medium-molecular-weight preparation that combines good initial plasma volume support with good intravascular persistence and an acceptable side-effect profile is optimal. Further research should aim to determine whether there are benefits to early treatment with colloids, and which colloid solution is most effective for resuscitation of DSS patients.
Effects of continuous exposure to rats to 100 per cent oxygen at 450 mm. Hg for 64 days. (1966)

Continuous exposure of rats to 100 percent oxygen at 450 mm Hg for 64 days shows no physiological effects
Interleukin-1 beta attenuates excitatory amino acid-induced neurodegeneration in vitro: involvement of nerve growth factor (1995)

Certain cytokines have been reported to exert neurotrophic actions in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the possible neuroprotective actions of the cytokine human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (hrIL-1 beta) against excitatory amino acid (EAA)-induced neurodegeneration in cultured primary cortical neurons. Brief (15 min) exposure of cultures to submaximal concentrations of glutamate, NMDA, AMPA, or kainate caused extensive neuronal death (approximately 70% of all neurons). Neuronal damage induced by the EAAs was significantly reduced (up to 70%) by pretreatment with 500 ng/ml (6.5 x 10(3) U/ml) hrIL-1 beta for 24 hr. The neuroprotective effect of hrIL-1 beta was reversed by coapplication of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 50 micrograms/ml). Neuroprotective actions of hrIL-1 beta were also reduced by administration of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to NGF (65% inhibition). In concordance, the neurotoxic actions of EAAs were significantly reduced (by 40%) after pretreatment with NGF (100 ng/ml for 48 hr). Furthermore, an additive neuroprotective effect of approximately 75% was observed when cultures were exposed to a combination of hrIL-1 beta and NGF. In contrast, exposure of cultures to high concentrations hrIL-1 beta alone (100 micrograms/ml, 1.3 x 10(6) U/ml) for periods up to 72 hr resulted in neurotoxicity, which was reversed by IL-1ra (1 mg/ml). These findings suggest that hrIL-1 beta can limit EAA-induced neuronal damage. These effects appear to be may be mediated, at least in part, via NGF. These findings may be relevant to the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
Contrast Detection in Event-Streams from Dynamic Vision Sensors with Fixational Eye Movements (2018)

The purpose of fixational eye movements of the human eye has long been - and still is - an intensively discussed topic in the research community. Such micro-movements seem to prevent fading, may sharpen the visual image by increasing high-frequency signal components and help to counteract the eye drifting away from its target. We investigate the impact of these movements for event-based visual sensing with a DVS128 camera. Events are only generated whenever the luminance at a pixel changes and, therefore, static form cannot be resolved in a stationary camera. We present a specially designed mirror system that creates virtual fixational eye movements for an event-based camera. In addition, we investigate the shape of the Fourier spectrum of random miniature motions of the sensory recordings for stationary as well as moving contrast features that give rise to ON/OFF event responses. From this we draw conlusions concerning the optimal shape of filters to detect local motion.
Wireless Structural Health Monitoring and Early-Stage Damage Detection Using Piezoelectric Impedance Sensors (2010)

This paper presents recent achievements of novel wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques and early-stage damage diagnosis for critical members of civil, mechanical and aerospace structures using piezoelectric impedance sensors. The basic concept of the electro-mechanical impedance-based SHM technique is to use simultaneously both high-frequency structural excitations and responses employing piezoelectric sensors to monitor the local area of a structure for changes in structural impedance that would indicate imminent damage. To obtain an electro-mechanical impedance data at the piezoelectric sensors attached to a host structure, a wireless impedance sensor node that consists of a miniaturized impedance-measuring chip, a microprocessor, and a radio frequency (RF) telemetry is utilized. Furthermore, the autoregressive features extracted from a frequency-domain Auto-Regressive model with eXogenous (ARX) inputs on the electromechanical impedance measured at the piezoelectric sensors are used as nonlinear features to monitor early-stage fatigue crack's initiation and its growth that might be developed in the host structure subjected to a fatigue loading condition. The applicability of the proposed wireless SHM and nonlinear impedance methods is demonstrated throughout an experimental study using a simple test sample under a fatigue loading condition. Finally, this paper concludes with a discussion of further studies and future applications.
Importance of combined treatment with IL‐10 and IL‐4, but not IL‐13, for inhibition of monocyte release of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐binding protein MRP8/14 (1997)

Expression of the two myeloic related proteins MRP8 and MRP14 is restricted to distinct stages of monocytic differentiation. Heterodimeric MRP8/14 complexes (27E10 antigen) have been shown to represent their biologically active forms. In this study, we investigated the effects of Th2-cytokines on release of these proteins from freshly obtained blood monocytes and monocytes cultured for 7 days in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Monocytes were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the presence or absence of interleukin-13 (IL-13), IL-4 and IL-10, and secretion of MRP8, MRP14 and MRP8/14 was assessed by using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. Peripheral monocytes secreted significantly increased amounts of MRP14 and MRP8/14 but not MRP8 under stimulation with PWM. IL-10 and IL-4, but not IL-13, down-regulated the PWM-stimulated MRP8/14 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition required that IL-10 and IL-4 be added up to 1 h before or simultaneous with PWM. A combination of IL-10 and IL-4 even at suboptimal concentrations significantly suppressed protein secretion much more than using IL-10 or IL-4 at a doubled concentration alone. Peripheral monocytes cultured for 7 days in the presence of GM-CSF showed two-to threefold higher protein levels compared with freshly obtained blood monocytes but responded inefficiently to either IL-4, IL-13, or IL-10 alone. However, treatment with IL-10 in combination with IL-4 but not IL-13 strongly suppressed MRP14 and MRP8/14 release by these cells. The unresponsiveness of 7-day-cultured blood macrophages suggests that more differentiated and activated cells may lose their ability to respond to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Combined cytokine treatment may therefore more effectively control the progression of chronic inflammatory processes.
Polymerization of 2‐(substituted methyl)acrylate bearing ω‐methoxyoligoethyleneoxy groups as side chains to new low <i>T</i><sub><i>g</i></sub> polymer (1993)

Abstract The polymerization of methyl 2‐(ω‐methoxyoligoethleneoxymethyl)acrylates, which were synthesized from reactions of methyl 2‐bromomethylacrylate with ω‐methoxyoligoethylene glycol, was investigated. All these monomers polymerized readily to high molecular weight despite expectation of the considerable steric hindrance against propagation. No influence of ceiling temperature was observed. The 2‐(2‐methoxyethyleneoxymethyl)acrylate exhibited similar reactivities to methyl 2‐alkoxymethylacrylate reported previously in copolymerization with styrene and methyl methacrylate. The homopolymers synthesized, except for those from methyl 2‐methoxymethyl‐ and 2‐(2‐methoxyethyleneoxymethyl)acrylates, were soluble in water, and all were soluble in benzene. These polymers were thermally less stable than poly(methyl methacrylate) as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, and all showed glass transition temperatures below 0°C. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimized guided mode resonant structure as thermooptic sensor and liquid crystal tunable filter (2009)

Applicability of guided mode resonant structures to tunable optical filtering and sensing is demonstrated using nematic liquid crystals. As a sensor, a minimum refractive index detectivity of 10 -5 is demonstrated while as a tunable filter, tunability range of few tens of nanometers with 2-nm bandwidth is presented. The optimum design is achieved by maximizing the evanescent field region in the analyte which maximizes the overlap integral. The device can be operated in reflection or transmission modes at normal incidence. It can also be operated at a single wavelength by measuring the angular profile of the light beam.
Skin-specific expression of IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells and elicits atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice (2013)

Transgenic mice expressing the mouse interleukin 33 (IL-33) gene driven by a keratin 14 promoter were generated. The skin-selective expression of the IL-33 gene was enhanced, and intense immunofluorescence for IL-33 was evident in the nuclei of the epidermis. Spontaneous itchy dermatitis developed in those mice at 6-8 wk of age in specific pathogen-free conditions. In the lesional skin, the epidermis was thickened and the eosinophils were infiltrated with increased expression of the eosinophil peroxidase and major basic protein genes. Mast cells were also abundant there, and blood histamine and total IgE levels were high. Those phenotypes closely resemble the features of atopic dermatitis. In peripheral blood and lesional skin, IL-5, IL-13, regulated upon activation, normally T-expressed, and presumably secreted (RANTES)/CCL5, and Eotaxin 1/CCL11 were increased, whereas TNF-α, IFN-γ, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were unaltered. Furthermore, the proportion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which produce IL-5, were significantly increased in the lesional skin, peripheral blood, and regional lymph nodes. The dermatitis with eosinophil infiltration was improved by the administration of an anti-IL-5 antibody. These results suggest that the expression of IL-33 in the skin activates an immune response involving ILC2 and that this process might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation that is characteristic of atopic dermatitis.
Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Gene Sequence-Based Reclassification of Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 Variants (2015)

The most comprehensive phylogenetic classification of human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) was recently developed [PLoS One 2012;7:e43893]. This classification included three distinct clusters (A, B and C) with subdivision of cluster C into four subclusters (C1-4). In the present report, the classification of HPIV-3 was refined by inclusion of 27 overlooked beside newly characterized Saudi variants. The new phylogram was developed and included the same clusters described before, in which cluster A remained unchanged and cluster B contained more recent isolates. The organization of cluster C was altered through inclusion of a new subcluster (C5), subdivision of C1 into two lineages C1a and C1b and subdivision of C3 into three lineages C3a, C3b and C3c. The majority of Saudi variants were classified as members of subcluster C1b, whereas only one variant was placed in each of subclusters C2 and C5. This study illustrates an up-to-date phylogenetic classification of HPIV-3 variants.
Primitive Polynomial Generation Algorithms Implementation and Performance Analysis (2004)

Performance analysis of two algorithms, MatrixPower and FactorPowe r, that generate all ϕ (2 r -1)/ r degree- r primitive polynomials ( ϕ is the Euler’s totient function) is presented. MatrixPower generates each new degree- r primitive polynomial in O( r 4 ) ~ O( r 4 ln r ) time. FactorPower generates each new degree- r primitive polynomial in O( r 4 ) ~ O( k r 4 ln r ) time, where k is the number of distinct prime factors of 2 r -1. Both MatrixPower and FactorPower require O( r 2 ) storage. Complexity analysis of generating primitive polynomials is presented. This work augments previously published list of primitive polynomials and provides a fast computational framework to search for primitive polynomials with special properties.
An adaptive ferroelectric transformer&#8212;A solid-state analog memory device (1970)

A new solid-state adaptive (analog memory) device is described and demonstrated. The device is a flat-band electronic transformer with adaptable voltage gain; that is, the voltage gain-frequency transfer characteristic can be "set" to different values of attenuation by the application of an adapt signal and will retain that setting after the adapt signal has been removed. Ferroelectric materials are used as the dielectric in the transformer structure composed of two capacitors bonded together so that mechanical vibrations established in one (the input capacitor) are coupled to the other (the output capacitor). Converse and direct piezoelectric effects generate the mechanical vibrations and the output voltages, respectively. Ferroelectric effects in either capacitor provide the analog memory capabilities. Experimental adaptive transformers demonstrated are suitable for audio frequency operation. The voltage and current gain-frequency transfer characteristics are flat over the entire audio frequency range. Maximum gain is typically about -20 dB. Application of a voltage pulse (100 to 300 volts) of low energy (mJ) to either side of the transformer can adapt the gains to specific lower settings (between-20 and -60 dB) within an arbitrary switching time (roughly 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+3</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> seconds) as determined by the pulse amplitude. Gain settings are electrically stable to within a few percent of the maximum gain for periods of at least one year, and possibly indefinitely, and can be reproduced by the same or an equivalent sequence of adapting pulses.