gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A parylene-filled-trench technique for thermal isolation in silicon-based microdevices (2009)

Microdevices prepared in a silicon substrate have been widely used in versatile fields due to the matured silicon-based microfabrication technique and the excellent physical properties of silicon material. However, the high thermal conductivity of silicon restricts its application in most thermal microdevices, especially devices comprising different temperature zones. In this work, a parylene-filled-trench technique was optimized to realize high-quality thermal isolation in silicon-based microdevices. Parylene C, a heat transfer barricading material, was deposited on parallel high-aspect-ratio trenches, which surrounded the isolated target zones. After removing the remnant silicon beneath the trenches by deep reactive ion etching from the back side, a high-quality heat transfer barrier was obtained. By using narrow trenches, only 5 µm thick parylene was required for a complete filling, which facilitated multi-layer interconnection thereafter. The parylene filling performance inside the high-aspect-ratio trench was optimized by two approaches: multiple etch–deposition cycling and trench profile controlling. A 4 × 6 array, in which each unit was kept at a constant temperature and was well thermally isolated individually, was achieved on a silicon substrate by using the present parylene-filled-trench technique. The preliminary experimental results indicated that the present parylene-filled-trench structure exhibited excellent thermal isolation performance, with a very low power requirement of 0.134 mW (K mm2)−1 for heating the isolated silicon unit and a high thermal isolation efficiency of 72.5% between two adjacent units. Accompanied with high-quality isolation performance, the microdevices embedded the present parylene-filled-trench structure to retain a strong mechanical connection larger than 400 kPa between two isolated zones, which is very important for a high-reliability-required micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) device. Considering its room-temperature processing essence, the present parylene-filled-trench technique is believed to be a promising isolation method in the post-complementary metal oxide semiconductor MEMS integration.
[Bilateral breast masses]. (2000)

A 76 year old woman is hospitalized for bilateral breast masses and neurological impairment. Her medical history is marked by rheumatoid arthritis treated with gold salts and methylprednisolone. Blood tests reveal pancytopenia; the MRI scan of the brain is suggestive of a CNS lymphoma. The pathologic examination of a breast mass specimen confirms the lymphoid nature of the neoplasm. This case report highlights the multifocal or systemic nature of non hodgkin's lymphoma and the diagnostic pitfalls of breast lymphomas. Rheumatoid arthritis and its medical management are reviewed for their possible roles in oncogenesis.
A new class of reversible cell cycle inhibitors (1991)

The effects of three compounds on the cell cycle of HL-60 promyeloid leukemia cells has been examined. Ciclopirox olamine, an antifungal agent, and the compound Hoechst 768159 reversibly block the cell cycle at a point occurring roughly 1 h before the arrest mediated by aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha activity, which acts in early S phase. Similar results are also obtained with the compound mimosine, a plant amino acid. Based on these data, it is concluded that all three agents inhibit cell cycle traverse at or very near the G1/S phase boundary and identify a previously undefined reversible cell cycle arrest point.
Expanding the Known Repertoire of Virulence Factors Produced by Bacillus cereus through Early Secretome Profiling in Three Redox Conditions (2010)

The pathogen Bacillus cereus causes diarrheal disease in humans. In the small intestine, B. cereus has to deal with anaerobiosis, low oxidoreduction potential, and carbohydrate limitation conditions. To gain insight into the virulence potential of low density B. cereus cells in such an environment, we cultured bacteria in low and high oxidoreduction potential anoxic conditions and in fully oxic conditions and compared their full secretomes. A unique pattern of proteins assigned to virulence factors was revealed. Among the 57 virulence-related factors, 31 were found for the first time in the B. cereus secretome. The putative fourth component of hemolysin BL (HblB'), enterotoxin FM, hemolysin II, and three new putative conserved enterotoxins were uncovered. Cross-comparison of the relative abundance of secreted proteins reveals that a restricted set comprising 19 proteins showed significant changes in response to redox condition changes. We complemented these results with transcriptomics data and confirmed the cytotoxicity of the B. cereus secretome toward Caco-2 human epithelial cells. Our data suggest that (i) the redox-dependent regulatory pathway may modulate the expression of a subset of virulence factors to ensure an appropriate response in a specific redox environment, and (ii) an early growth phase-dependent pathway could regulate the expression of several virulence factors, allowing B. cereus to infect a host whatever the redox conditions. This early growth phase-dependent pathway may function, at least partially, independently of the pleiotropic virulence gene regulator PlcR and may therefore be more specific to the B. cereus group.
Control of active power in a doubly-fed induction generator taking into account the rotor side apparent power (2004)

For the development of renewable energy, the control of active and reactive power in a doubly fed induction generator was studied. A control method that takes into account the capacity of electrical power converter is proposed. And the control of active and reactive power was verified by an experiment that applied a dual direction AC/DC/AC electrical power converter to a 10 kW DFIG.
Role of chaperones and ATP synthase in DNA gyrase reactivation in Escherichia coli stationary-phase cells after nutrient addition (2014)

Escherichia coli stationary-phase (SP) cells contain relaxed DNA molecules and recover DNA supercoiling once nutrients become available. In these cells, the reactivation of DNA gyrase, which is a DNA topoisomerase type IIA enzyme, is responsible for the recovery of DNA supercoiling. The results presented in this study show that DNA gyrase reactivation does not require cellular chaperones or polyphosphate. Glucose addition to SP cells induced a slow recovery of DNA supercoiling, whereas resveratrol, which is an inhibitor of ATP synthase, inhibited the enzyme reactivation. These results suggest that DNA gyrase, which is an ATP-dependent enzyme, remains soluble in SP cells, and that its reactivation occurs primarily due to a rapid increase in the cellular ATP concentration.
Role of innate and adaptive immunity in obesity-associated metabolic disease (2017)

Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, possibly related to adipose cell hypertrophy, hypoxia, and/or intestinal leakage of bacteria and their metabolic products, likely plays a critical role in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR). Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system residing in adipose tissues, as well as in the intestine, participate in this process. Thus, M1 macrophages, IFN-γ-secreting Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells promote IR, in part through secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, eosinophils, Th2 T cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and possibly Foxp3+ Tregs protect against IR through local control of inflammation.
Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Overtaking (2019)

This paper solves the cooperative overtaking problem in autonomous driving using reinforcement learning techniques. Learning in such a situation is challenging due to vehicular mobility, which renders a continuously changing environment for each learning vehicle. Without no explicit coordination mechanisms, inefficient behaviors among vehicles might cause fatal uncoordinated outcomes. To solve this issue, we propose two basic coordination models to enable distributed learning of cooperative overtaking maneuvers in a group of vehicles. Extension mechanisms are then presented to make these models workable in more complex and realistic settings with any number of vehicles. Experiments verify that, by capturing the underlying consistency of identities or positions during vehicles' movement, efficient coordinated behaviors can be achieved simply through vehicles' local learning interactions.
Oportunidades de integración de la realidad virtual al proceso de enseñanza de los estudiantes de ingeniería eléctrica: un análisis desde el enfoque de sistemas (2014)

La formacion de ingenieros en cualquier rama del conocimiento ha representado a lo largo del tiempo un gran reto para las Instituciones de Educacion Superior. Las exigencias de los sectores productivos para los profesionistas recien egresados en materia de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas, resultan cada vez mayores. Esto ha motivado a algunas escuelas a adoptar estrategias que permitan que sus egresados afronten con exito dichos requerimientos. Dentro de estas estrategias el uso de la Tecnologias de Informacion y Comunicacion en el procesos de ensenanza-aprendizaje se ha destaca-do, por el papel que dichas tecnologias juegan en las tareas de busqueda, recoleccion y utilizacion de la informacion, hasta llegar a los usos mas recientes, donde a traves de nuevas aplicaciones, se trasmiten conocimientos a los estudiantes de una forma muy parecida a la que les brindan las actividades de la ingenieria reales. Y es ahi que esta investigacion tiene su sustento, analizando las posibles aplicaciones de la Realidad Virtual en la ensenanza de la ingenieria electrica, para com-plementar las practicas docentes tradicionales.
Dorsalis pedis artery stenting for limb salvage (2008)

Abstract Stent‐supported angioplasty has emerged as an effective alternative to distal bypass for infrapopliteal artery disease. This treatment has been mainly employed in the tibial and peroneal arteries. However, the pedal artery below the ankle is the final frontier for catheter intervention. Here, we describe the utility of dorsalis pedis artery stenting for limb salvage. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Canine immunoglobulins. I. Evidence for six immunoglobulin classes. (1967)

Structural and electrophoretic heterogeneity of immunoglobulins has been well documented in several species including man (1–3), guinea pig (4), horse (5, 6) and mouse (7, 8). In all these species antibodies of low molecular weight, 6.6S γG, and high molecular weight, 18S γM, have been identified. In addition, a third major class of immunoglobulin, γA, has been described in human, equine and murine sera characterized by a fast electrophoretic mobility, and a sedimentation coefficient of 6.5S to 7S with higher molecular weight polymeric forms frequently detectable. These three major classes of immunoglobulins exhibit not only differences in physicochemical properties but striking differences in biologic activity as well. Furthermore, subclasses of γG have also been described in human beings, horses, guinea pigs and mice exhibiting differences in biologic behavior. Additional immunoglobulin classes have been documented in human sera (γD) (9, 10) and equine sera (10Sγ 1 ) (5) which as yet appear unique for these species.
Freeze-etching Technique with Simple Rapid Freezing of Fresh Biological Specimen (1980)

Freeze-etching technique combined with a simple rapid freezing method is described. The freezing of tissues was accomplished by bringing them into contact with cold copper block at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The frozen tissues were put into deep grooves on the specimen stage in the standing position. The fracturing was performed in the direction perpendicular to the standing specimen. This fracturing method yielded a narrow replica. However, one of the marginal zones of the replica always represents the well-preserved area. Thus, this method offered the simple, economical and practical means of obtaining the freeze-fracture or freeze-fracture etching replica of unfixed living tissues.
Novel packet transmission scheme for personal communication systems (2002)

This paper proposes a novel packet transmission scheme for personal communication systems in the slow fading environments. The throughput of personal communication systems using packet data transmission can be decreased by the bit errors caused by the slow fading generated when the portable sets (PS) are used while walking. The proposed selective reject protocol with acknowledgment (ACK) transmission (SR-A) protocol employs ACK packet transmission for all received data packets to realize higher packet data transmission throughput. Computer simulation results confirm that the proposed SR-A protocol improves the data throughput performance by 30% compared to conventional selective reject (SR) protocol. Moreover, application of reception diversity (for higher Eb/No (>15 dB)), and combination of reception diversity and forward error correction (FEC) improve the data throughput performance of the SR-A protocol by about 20%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiviral Activity of HGS004, a Novel Fully Human IgG4 Monoclonal Antibody against CCR5, in HIV‐1–Infected Patients (2008)

HGS004 is safe and well tolerated and demonstrates meaningful antiviral activity when administered to patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1.
ESD protection for mixed-signal circuits &#x2014; design or test problem? (2008)

In spite of significant progress during last couple of decades, ESD still affects production yields, manufacturing costs, product quality, reliability and profitability. The objective of an ESD protection circuit is to create a harmless shunting path for the static electricity before it damages the sensitive electronic circuits. As the devices are continuously scaling down, while ESD energy remains the same, VLSIs become more vulnerable to ESD stress. This higher susceptibility to ESD damage is due to thinner gate oxides and shallower junctions. Furthermore, higher operating frequency of the scaled technologies enforces lower parasitic capacitance of the ESD protection circuits. As a result, increasing the robustness of the ESD protection circuits with minimum additional parasitic capacitance is the main challenge in state of the art CMOS processes. In this paper a general methodology to design ESD protection circuits and devices is discussed. This method is used to tackle some of the main challenges facing ESD designers in modern technologies.
Optical lithography: Introduction (1997)

The dramatic increase in performance and cost reduction in the electronics industry are attributable to innovations processes. The speed and performance of the chips, their associated packages, and, hence, the computer systems are dictated by the lithographic minimum printable size. Lithography, which replicates a pattern rapidly from chip to chip, wafer to wafer, or substrate to substrate, also determines the throughput and the cost of electronic systems. A lithographic system includes exposure tool, mask, resist, and all of the processing steps to accomplish pattern transfer from a mask to a resist and then to devices. For further reading, we suggest several excellent reviews of the optical lithography of integrated circuit fabrication.
An RNS Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm (2002)

The authors present a new RNS modular multiplication for very large operands. The algorithm is based on Montgomery's method adapted to mixed radix, and is performed using a residue number system. By choosing the moduli of the RNS system reasonably large, and implementing the system an a ring of fairly simple processors, an effect corresponding to a redundant high-radix implementation is achieved. The algorithm call be implemented to run in O(n) time on O(n) processors, where n is the number of moduli in the RNS system, and the unit of time is a simple residue operation, possibly by table look-up.
Estrogen Signals to the Preservation of Endothelial Cell Form and Function (2000)

Estrogen is important for the primary prevention of vascular disease in young women, but the mechanisms of protection at the vascular cell are still largely unknown. Although traditionally thought of as a nuclear transcription factor, the estrogen receptor has also been identified in the cell plasma membrane to signal but serve largely undefined roles. Here we show that estradiol (E2) rapidly activates p38beta mitogen-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells (EC), which activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 and the phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27. The sex steroid preserves the EC stress fiber formation and actin and membrane integrity in the setting of metabolic insult. E2 also prevents hypoxia-induced apoptosis and induces both the migration of EC and the formation of primitive capillary tubes. These effects are reversed by the inhibition of p38beta, by the expression of a dominant-negative mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 protein, or by the expression of a phosphorylation site mutant heat shock protein 27. E2 signaling from the membrane helps preserve the EC structure and function, defining potentially important vascular-protective effects of this sex steroid.
Dimethylheptyl-THC-11-oic Acid (1999)

THC-11-oic acid, a non-psychoactive derivative of Δ9-THC, inhibits cyclooxygenase and platelet-activating factors, which are the mechanisms of prostaglandin inhibition by the nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID's). A dimethylheptyl THC (DMH-11 Q synthetic derivative was effective in treating animal models of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. The dru administered per os was effective in doses of 0.1–0.2 mg/kg to suppress acute inflammgation induced by interleukin- 1β and tumor necrosis factor, in the subcutaneous air pouch model and reduce the chronic inflammatory response of adjuvant induced arthritis.
Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) in Childhood and Adolescence: Recent Advances (2014)

The diagnosis of GH deficiency (GHD) in childhood is a multistep process involving clinical history, examination with detailed auxology, biochemical testing, and pituitary imaging, with an increasing contribution from genetics in patients with congenital GHD. Our increasing understanding of the factors involved in the development of somatotropes and the dynamic function of the somatotrope network may explain, at least in part, the development and progression of childhood GHD in different age groups. With respect to the genetic etiology of isolated GHD (IGHD), mutations in known genes such as those encoding GH (GH1), GHRH receptor (GHRHR), or transcription factors involved in pituitary development, are identified in a relatively small percentage of patients suggesting the involvement of other, yet unidentified, factors. Genome-wide association studies point toward an increasing number of genes involved in the control of growth, but their role in the etiology of IGHD remains unknown. Despite the many years of research in the area of GHD, there are still controversies on the etiology, diagnosis, and management of IGHD in children. Recent data suggest that childhood IGHD may have a wider impact on the health and neurodevelopment of children, but it is yet unknown to what extent treatment with recombinant human GH can reverse this effect. Finally, the safety of recombinant human GH is currently the subject of much debate and research, and it is clear that long-term controlled studies are needed to clarify the consequences of childhood IGHD and the long-term safety of its treatment.
Detection of Mitochondrial Caspase Activity in Real Time <i>In Situ</i> in Live Cells (2004)

Apoptosis plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. The initiation and execution of the cell death program requires activation of multiple caspases in a stringently temporal order. Here we describe a method that allows real-time observation of caspase activation in situ in live cells based on fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement using the prism and reflector imaging spectroscopy system (PARISS). When a fusion protein consisting of CFP connected to YFP via an intervening caspase substrate that has been targeted to a specific subcellular location is excited with a light source whose wavelength matches the cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) excitation peak, the energy absorbed by the CFP fluorophore is not emitted as fluorescence. Instead, the excitation energy is absorbed by the nearby yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fluorophore that is covalently linked to CFP through a short peptide containing the caspase substrate. Cleavage of the linker peptide by caspases results in loss of FRET due to the separation of CFP and YFP fluorophores. Using a mitochondrially targeted CFP-caspase 3 substrate-YFP construct (mC3Y), we demonstrate for the first time that there is caspase-3-like activity in the mitochondrial matrix of some cells at very late stage of apoptosis.
Evaluation of a novel real-time PCR test based on the ssrAgene for the identification of group B streptococci in vaginal swabs (2009)

The RiboSEQ GBS test is a valuable method for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of GBS in pregnant women. This study also validates the ssrA gene as a suitable and versatile target for nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests for bacterial pathogens.
Pluripotency Network in Porcine Embryos and Derived Cell Lines (2012)

Huge amounts of work have been dedicated to the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines from farm animal species since the successful isolation of embryonic stem cells from the mouse and from the human. However, no conclusive results have been obtained so far, and validated lines have yet to be established in domestic animals. Many limiting factors have been suggested and need to be studied further to isolate truly pluripotent cell lines from livestock. In this review, we will discuss the difficulties in deriving and maintaining embryonic stem cell lines from farm animal embryos and how can this lack of success be explained. We will summarize results obtained in our laboratory regarding derivation of pluripotent cells in the pigs. Problems related to the identification of standard methods for derivation, maintenance and characterization of cell lines will also be examined. We will focus our attention on the need for appropriate stemness-related marker molecules that can be used to reliably investigate pluripotency in domestic species. Finally, we will review data presently available on functional key pluripotency-maintaining pathways in farm animals.
MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT IN ARABIDOPSIS (1997)

Two basic questions in developmental biology are: How does a cell know when it should or should not differentiate, and once a cell is committed to differentiate, how is that process controlled? The first process regulates the arrangement or pattern of the various cell types, whereas the second makes cells functionally distinct. Together, these two processes define plant morphogenesis. Trichome development in Arabidopsis provides an excellent model to analyze these questions. First, trichome development in Arabidopsis is a relatively simple process. A single epidermal cell differentiates into a unicellular trichome. Second, this differentiation occurs in a nonrandom pattern on the plant surface. Finally, the process is amenable to genetic analysis because many mutations that affect trichome differentiation do not alter other aspects of plant development. Thus far, more than 20 genes affecting trichome development have been identified. This review examines the current state of our understanding of these genes.
Detection of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in the Amniotic Fluid in Pregnant Women With a Diagnosis of Threatened Premature Labor (2007)

The presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by P. gingivalis could indicate a role for periodontal pathogenic bacteria in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.