gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Access Planning and Strategies (2012)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has proven to be a viable tool for the high-surgical-risk population with severe aortic valve stenosis. Vascular access complications are not uncommon with TAVR and may increase early and late mortality. Avoiding these serious complications is the goal. With experience and careful screening, we are now able to risk-stratify patients who may be at increased risk of vascular complications. While the traditional iliofemoral access site remains the most common for TAVR, alternate access sites that have proven to be viable and safe alternatives include the transapical, direct-aortic, and subclavian techniques. TAVR teams should be familiar and comfortable with these approaches as each of them has its own advantages and weaknesses. The best option is usually one in which the procedure is tailored to the patient. The present review examines our current access planning and strategies for TAVR.
Proteasome Inhibition Induces a p38 MAPK Pathway-Dependent Antiapoptotic Program via Nrf2 in Thyroid Cancer Cells (2011)

These studies support the hypothesis that proteasome inhibitors activate an antiapoptotic survival program through p38 MAPK that involves transcriptional activity of Nrf2.
Loss of cell adhesion molecule CHL1 improves homeostatic adaptation and survival in hypoxic stress (2013)

Close homologue of L1 (CHL1) is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule that is critical for brain development and for the maintenance of neural circuits in adults. Recent studies revealed that CHL1 has diverse roles and is involved in the regulation of recovery after spinal cord injury. CHL1 expression was downregulated in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and brain stem after the induction of acute hypoxia (AH). In the current study, we sought to address the role of CHL1 in regulating homeostasis responses to hypoxia using CHL1-knockout (CHL1(-/-)) mice. We found that, compared with wild-type littermates, CHL1(-/-) mice showed a dramatically lower mortality rate and an augmented ventilatory response after they were subjected to AH. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that CHL1 was expressed in the carotid body (CB), the key oxygen sensor in rodents, and CHL1 expression level in the CB as assayed by western blot was decreased after hypoxic exposure. The number of glomus cells and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker for glomus cells) in the CB of CHL1(-/-) mice appeared to be increased compared with CHL1(+/+) mice. In addition, in the ex vivo CB preparation, hypoxia induced a significantly greater afferent nerve discharge in CHL1(-/-) mice compared with CHL1(+/+) mice. Furthermore, the arterial blood pressure and plasma catecholamine levels of CHL1(-/-) mice were also significantly higher than those of CHL1(+/+) mice. Our findings first demonstrate that CHL1 is a novel intrinsic factor that is involved in CB function and in the ventilatory response to AH.
Firewire: standard computer industry interconnect for test and measurement AutoTestCon '98 (2002)

Do you know what Firewire is? If not, you soon will. IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is an up-and-coming electronics industry standard that will soon be in wide use for interconnecting a massive variety of electronic equipment. It will be used for connecting CD-ROMs and scanners to computers, and it will be used for connecting VCRs, DVDs and satellite dishes to digital televisions. How does this affect Test & Measurements? This paper discusses Firewire, along with it's lower-end companion, USE, and how they can be and are being utilized in T&M applications to replace T&M specific technologies, such as IEEE 488, and MXI. The advantages-and disadvantages-of these new technologies are discussed along with what the Test & Measurement industry should do to support these new technologies.
The effect and safety of monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor on migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

This meta-analysis suggests that CGRP-mAbs are effective in anti-migraine therapy with few adverse reactions, but more and larger sample-size RCTs are required to verify the current findings.
Ellipsoidal hollow nanostructures assembled from anatase TiO2 nanosheets as a magnetically separable photocatalyst (2011)

A simple approach was proposed to synthesize three types of ellipsoidal hollow nanostructures whose shells are assembled from anatase TiO(2) nanosheets (NSs) with exposed (001) facets. Among them, ellipsoid Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2)-NS nanorattles can be readily generated as a magnetically separable photocatalyst with enhanced activity through in situ reduction of the α-Fe(2)O(3) core.
DT-13 inhibits cancer cell migration by regulating NMIIA indirectly in the tumor microenvironment (2016)

Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of mortality among patients with malignant tumors. Previous studies concerning tumor metastasis have merely focused on the cancer cells in the tumor. However, an increasing number of studies show that the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in the progression of cancer, particularly in tumor metastasis. Since fibroblasts and adipocytes are two of the most representative mesenchymal cells in the tumor microenvironment, we established a hypoxia-induced cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) model and a chemically induced adipocyte model to reveal the effect of the microenvironment on cancer development. In these models, the conditioned medium from the tumor microenvironment was found to significantly promote the migration of human lung cancer cell line 95D and regulate the expression of non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA), which is consistent with results in the published literature. Then, we confirmed the hypothesis that the tumor microenvironment can regulate NMIIA in cancer cells and facilitate migration by using the non-muscle myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin. Thus, this is the first report that the tumor microenvironment can promote cancer cell migration by regulating the expression of NMIIA. Our present data also indicated that DT-13, the saponin monomer 13 of dwarf lilyturf tuber, inhibited cancer cell migration in the tumor microenvironment model. Further results showed that DT-13 exhibited anti-migratory effects by inhibiting the c-raf/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Consequently, our research confirmed that DT-13 significantly inhibited 95D cell migration in vitro, indicating the potential anti-metastatic effect of DT-13 on lung cancer and the scientific basis for drug development.
Water vapour profile retrievals from SSM/T-2 data constrained by infrared-based cloud parameters (1997)

An algorithm has been developed for the retrieval of water vapour profiles from passive microwave observations near 183GHz. The algorithm treats clouds explicitly and can incorporate cloud information from other sources. As a test, the algorithm has been configured to use data from the SSM /T-2 on the DMSP polar orbiting satellite series. Cloud top temperature and phase information have been derived from the AVHRR on the NOAA polar orbiting satellite series. Obtaining suitable coincidences between the SSM /T-2 and the AVHRR is challenging but two reasonable cases have been found. In one case, a liquid cloud injected into the retrieval results in significant improvement in the accuracy and vertical resolution in the neighbourhood of the cloud top. A cloud base is a by-product of the algorithm, but its validity has yet to be established. In the other case, a cirrus cloud injected into the algorithm resulted in little change in the retrieval which indicates that the algorithm was performing well in the cloud top vicinity (400mb).
Experimental investigation of injection locking of fundamental and subharmonic frequency-modulated active mode-locked laser diodes (1998)

Narrow linewidth and stabilized light injection is employed to reduce the phase noise and stabilize the frequencies of individual teeth of an active mode-locked laser diode (ML-LD) which is modulated by both fundamental and subharmonic frequencies of the cavity free-spectral range (FSR). We demonstrate accurate frequency control of the ML-LD using an injection seed light with linewidth of less than 100 kHz and frequency of exactly 193.1 THz; the light is generated by offset-locking to an absorption line of H/sup 13/C/sup 15/N. The teeth of the injection-locked ML-LD are anchored at 193.1 THz and are generated with 25- or 12.5-GHz sparing at the fundamental or subharmonic modulations, respectively, The teeth also have the linewidth of less than 100 kHz and the absolute frequency accuracy of better than 10 MHz. These values are the same as those of the injection seed light. The residual phase noise of the injection-locked ML-LD, estimated from the self-heterodyne spectrum, is less than 1 kHz at 20 dB down.
Joint Position-Pitch Tracking for 2-Channel Audio (2007)

In this paper, a new representation for acoustic source indexing in a multi-source environment is introduced. Each source is represented by a two-dimensional Gaussian-like probability distribution as a function of pitch and direction-of-arrival (DoA). These features of source candidates form the time dependent Position-Pitch (PoPi) plane, which is extracted from 2-channel audio. For demonstration, the time-evolution of Gaussians corresponding to source candidates are tracked by a Viterbi decoder. The Viterbi tracking is extended to multiple paths and pruning of similar paths using the normalized Levenshtein distance is applied.
Effect of Activating and Inactivating Mutations on the Phosphorylation and Trafficking of the Human Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor (2000)

The effects of several mutations of the human LH receptor (hLHR) on the phosphorylation, internalization, and turnover of the cell surface receptor were examined.Three gain-of-function mutations associated with Leydig cell hyperplasia (L457R and D578Y) and one associated with Leydig cell adenomas (D578H), one signaling-impaired mutation associated with Leydig cell hypoplasia (I625K), and two laboratory designed signaling-impaired mutations (D405N and Y546F) were used.The signalingimpaired mutations showed a reduction in human CG (hCG)-induced receptor phosphorylation and internalization.Mutation of the phosphorylation sites of these loss-of-function mutants had little or no additional effect on internalization.Cotransfection with G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) rescued the hCG-induced phosphorylation and internalization of the signaling-impaired mutations but only if the phosphorylation sites were intact.Overexpression of arrestin-3 rescued the rate of internalization regardless of whether or not the phosphorylation sites were intact.Only two of the three constitutively active mutants displayed an increase in basal phosphorylation.Although they all failed to respond to hCG with increased receptor phosphorylation, they all internalized hCG faster than wild-type hLHR (hLHR-wt).Mutation of the phosphorylation sites of these constitutively active mutants lengthened the half-time of internalization of hCG toward that of hLHR-wt.Overexpression of arrestin-3 had little or no effect on the already short half-time of internalization of hCG mediated by these mutants.The data obtained with the signaling-impaired and phosphorylation-deficient mutants of the hLHR support a model whereby receptor phosphorylation and activation play a redundant role in the internalization of hCG.The results obtained with the constitutively active mutants suggest that, when occupied by hCG, these mutants assume a conformation that bypasses many of the steps (i.e.activation, phosphorylation, and/or arrestin binding) involved in internalization.
Monocyte-mediated lysis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in the presence of the bispecific antibody 251 x 22 (anti-CD33 x anti-CD64). (1995)

Immunotherapy using bispecific antibodies (BsAb) to direct immune effector cells toward target tumor cells has been shown to be effective in a number of studies. Several immune trigger molecules have been characterized. Among them, FcgammaRI appears to play an important role in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. It is expressed mainly on monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils under certain clinical situations. The expression of FcgammaRI can be regulated by a variety of cytokines, primarily by IFN-gamma. Recent studies have shown that granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can increase the number of the FcgammaRI-positive monocytes, increase the expression of FcgammaRI on circulating neutrophils after in vivo infusion, and greatly enhance the cytotoxic activity of circulating neutrophils. CD33 is a glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface of mature monocytes, myeloid progenitor cells, and myeloid leukemic blasts, but not on the earliest hematopoietic progenitor cells and other normal tissues. Herein, we report the construction of a BsAb, 251 x 22, by conjugating an anti-CD33 mAb (mAb 251) to an anti-FcgammaRI mAb (mAb 22). The BsAb 251 x 22 is capable of enhancing the cytotoxicity of several leukemia cell lines by cytokine-activated monocytes. Our data also show that G-CSF- and GM-CSF-stimulated monocytes can mediate cytotoxicity of target leukemia cells comparable to that of IFN-gamma-stimulated monocytes. The expression of FcgammaRI on monocytes after 24-h in vitro incubation with G-CSF and GM-CSF was increased, although not significantly. Prolonged incubation of monocytes with G-CSF for 48 h significantly increased the FcgammaRI expression. Because humanized anti-CD33 and anti-FcgammaRI mAb are available, and because GM-CSF and G-CSF have been used widely for patients after chemotherapy to stimulate the recovery of myeloid hematopoiesis, additional clinical development of this project is feasible. A BsAb comprised of humanized anti-CD33 and anti-FcgammaRI could have clinical application in the treatment of myeloid leukemia, especially in the management of minimal residual disease.
An automatic anti-anti-VMware technique applicable for multi-stage packed malware (2008)

The VMware Workstation virtualisation software is widely used by antivirus researchers for malware analysis. However, a large amount of current generation malware employs various anti-VMware techniques in order to resist analysis. To make things worse, these anti-VMware techniques are applied not only in the payload itself, but also in the runtime packer that is used to disguise the malicious code. Fortunately, at the present time, there is not a wide variety of anti-VMware methods in use, so the assembly code which describes the operation is quite characteristic. The issue therefore becomes exactly at what stage of the execution should one look for such code, since the actual anti-VMware code is normally heavily obfuscated. Sometimes it may only be decrypted shortly before it is executed. This paper shows that judicious automated control of a debugger can successfully be used to slither around anti-VMware detections even in sophisticated packers, such as Themida.
The isoxazoline route to the molecules of nature (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe isoxazoline route to the molecules of natureAlan P. KozikowskiCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 12, 410–416Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00108a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00108a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1788Altmetric-Citations473LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor Microenvironment in the Brain (2012)

In addition to malignant cancer cells, tumors contain a variety of different stromal cells that constitute the tumor microenvironment. Some of these cell types provide crucial support for tumor growth, while others have been suggested to actually inhibit tumor progression. The composition of tumor microenvironment varies depending on the tumor site. The brain in particular consists of numerous specialized cell types such as microglia, astrocytes, and brain endothelial cells. In addition to these brain-resident cells, primary and metastatic brain tumors have also been shown to be infiltrated by different populations of bone marrow-derived cells. The role of different cell types that constitute tumor microenvironment in the progression of brain malignancies is only poorly understood. Tumor microenvironment has been shown to be a promising therapeutic target and diagnostic marker in extracranial malignancies. A better understanding of tumor microenvironment in the brain would therefore be expected to contribute to the development of improved therapies for brain tumors that are urgently required due to a poor availability of treatments for these malignancies. This review summarizes some of the known interactions between brain tumors and different stromal cells, and also discusses potential therapeutic approaches within this context.
Considerations in choosing a microprogramable bit-sliced architecture (1974)

The currently available microprocessors can be grouped into three classes based on functional partitioning: (1) the multichip family, consisting of compatible CPU, memory, and I/O devices; (2) the single-chip CPU, designed for standard product memory and I/O devices; and (3) the multichip microprogrammable CPU, designed for standard product memory and I/O devices. The limitations and advantages of the first two categories are well understood, since products in this class have been available for over two years and have been the subject of an avalanche of microprocessor articles. The third category, however, has been available for less than a year, and until recently has only been available as a manufacturer-defined processor system (National Semiconductor's IMP series of microprocessors). However, the manufacturer-defined processor, while providing a desirable starting point for most users, has tended to obscure some of the design flexibility of the basic chip set. The decision by National Semiconductor to provide full support for development of custom configurations of its chip set, plus the fact that designs of architecturally similar chip sets have been carried out by several other semiconductor manufacturers (including AMI, Monolithic Memories, and Raytheon) warrants a review of the unique advantages and potential pitfalls of this architecture.
Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on human posture and perception while standing (2003)

This study examines three hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in standing human subjects. The first assumes realignment to an altered representation of vertical. GVS-evoked body tilt produced under conditions of different stability was compared with perceptions of the vertical which subjects indicated by two means, a visual line and a manipulandum. GVS produced body tilt that increased in unstable conditions but there were no differences in the perceived vertical in any condition. The second hypothesis is that the altered vestibular signal is interpreted as a tilt of the support surface. The postural response evoked by tilting the support surface was compared with the GVS response under conditions of varying stability. These responses were different, particularly for the lower body where movements were oppositely directed. Standing on foam augmented GVS responses whereas standing with feet apart augmented platform-tilt responses. The third hypothesis is that GVS produces an illusion of movement, and this causes a reaction in the opposite direction. Perception of movement during GVS was determined in standing and immobilised subjects. Although immobilised subjects experienced illusions of movement in the direction opposite the sway response, this only happened after long periods of stimulation and never for standing where subjects accurately reported the true direction of sway. Thus, the results do not support any of these proposals. Instead, they and other observations support a simpler interpretation that the GVS signal is consistent with head movement and evokes an automated response to stabilise the head in space.
The Cumulative Distribution Transform and Linear Pattern Classification (2015)

Discriminating data classes emanating from sensors is an important problem with many applications in science and technology. We describe a new transform for pattern identification that interprets patterns as probability density functions, and has special properties with regards to classification. The transform, which we denote as the Cumulative Distribution Transform (CDT) is invertible, with well defined forward and inverse operations. We show that it can be useful in `parsing out' variations (confounds) that are `Lagrangian' (displacement and intensity variations) by converting these to `Eulerian' (intensity variations) in transform space. This conversion is the basis for our main result that describes when the CDT can allow for linear classification to be possible in transform space. We also describe several properties of the transform and show, with computational experiments that used both real and simulated data, that the CDT can help render a variety of real world problems simpler to solve.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION GRATING FOR X-RAY TALBOT INTERFEROMETER (2006)

How to maximize the efficiency of X-ray Talbot interferometry (XTI) is discussed for X-ray phase imaging. Shape parameters of an amplitude grating used in XTI strongly affect the efficiency. We calculated efficiencies assuming rectangular and trapezoidal patterns for an absorption grating. As a result, a rectangular absorption grating of a duty ratio of 1:1 is optimal. But, a trapezoidal pattern can also provide sufficient efficiency and particularly when the grating line width is shorter than the groove width, which is the condition that a trapezoidal pattern provides higher efficiency than that by a rectangular pattern.