gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Formation Pathways of Surfactant Micelle Directed Ultrasmall Silica Ring and Cage Structures (2018)

By combining a surfactant, an organic pore expander, a silane, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), we have observed the formation of a previously unknown set of ultrasmall silica structures in aqueous solutions. At appropriate concentrations of reagents, ∼2 nm primary silica clusters arrange around surfactant micelles to form ultrasmall silica rings, which can further evolve into cage-like structures. With increasing concentration, these rings line up into segmented worm-like one-dimensional (1D) structures, an effect that can be dramatically enhanced by PEG addition. PEG adsorbed 1D striped cylinders further arrange into higher order assemblies in the form of two-dimensional (2D) sheets or three-dimensional (3D) helical structures. Results provide insights into synergies between deformable noncovalent organic molecule assemblies and covalent inorganic network formation as well as early transformation pathways from spherical soft materials into 1D, 2D, and 3D silica solution structures, hallmarks of mesoporous silica materials formation. The ultrasmall silica ring and cage structures may prove useful in nanomedicine and other nanotechnology based applications.
Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol on Rh-Based and Sulfided CoMo and NiMo Catalysts (2011)

This study investigates the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol (GUA), a lignin model compound, using two types of catalysts: mono- and bimetallic Rh-based catalysts and classical sulfided CoMo and NiMo catalysts. The former exhibited greater reactivity than the latter. However, substituting some of the Rh ions with another noble metal (i.e., Pd or Pt) produced no positive effect. This study also proposed the mechanisms of GUA HDO for both types of catalysts. The first step of Rh-based catalysts was hydrogenation of GUA’s benzene ring, followed by demethoxylation and dehydroxylation. As for the sulfided CoMo and NiMo catalysts, GUA HDO began with demethylation, demethoxylation, and deoxygenation, followed by benzene ring saturation. A better understanding of HDO surface chemistry may lead to more efficient catalysts for target products.
1.3 V low close-in phase noise NMOS LC-VCO with parallel PMOS transistors (2008)

A new NMOS cross-coupled LC-VCO with parallel PMOS transistors is proposed. The proposed LC-VCO is useful for suppressing flicker noise upconversion and very suitable for low voltage application. It is implemented in 0.18 µm CMOS technology and has superior characteristics to a conventional complementary LC-VCO. Measured phase noise is −93 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and −116 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offsets and its core current is only 2 mA for a 1.3 V supply voltage.
A Low-Jitter Spread Spectrum Clock Generator Using FDMP (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A 1.5 GHz spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) is realized by a fractional N frequency synthesizer with a third-order delta-sigma modulator and a fractional dual-modulus prescaler (FDMP). This FDMP utilizes a fractional division ratio to have a small phase step to improve the jitter performance. This SSCG has been fabricated in a 0.18 um CMOS process, and it consumes 34.2 mW from a supply of 1.8 V. The measured rms jitter is 5.55 ps and the measured electromagnetic interference reduction amount is 14.77 dB. The measured phase noise is <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$-97.18$</tex></formula> dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. </para>
Nanometre moire fringes in scanning tunnelling microscopy of surface lattices (2004)

A novel class of moire fringe patterns in scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) imaging is presented and analysed in this paper. The moire fringe is generated from the interference of the atomic lattice of the specimen and STM scanning lines. Both parallel and rotational STM moire fringes of the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) are investigated. The formation principle and experimental techniques of STM moire fringes are discussed. Nanometre scale resolution and sensitivity are found in the moire fringe patterns. They precisely magnify the STM image of lattice irregularities. A potential application—measuring surface deformation and defects in the nanometre range—is proposed.
Thermal decomposition of o- and p-benzenedisulfonyl azides in benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and tetracyclone (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal decomposition of o- and p-benzenedisulfonyl azides in benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and tetracycloneR. A. Abramovitch and G. N. KnausCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 7, 883–889Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00895a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00895a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE FROM CARBON DIOXIDE, HYDROGEN AND DIMETHYL AMINE CATALYZED BY PALLADIUM(II) CHLORIDE (1977)

Abstract Dimethyl formamide was catalytically synthesized from dimethyl amine, carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the presence of palladium(II) chloride and bases in the methyl cellosolve.
On the Synthesis of Unsaturated 4(5H)-Imidazolines. 2. Semi-empirical SCF-MO(MNDO) Study on Geometric Factors influencing the Reaction Course (1985)

Semi-empirical calculations by HNDO are achieved in order to explain the different reactivities of parent structures of anilides of (Z)-7-benzamidocinnamic acid and (Z)-2-ben~amido-3-~henyl-7-butenoic acid to give the corresponding L(5H)-imidazolones in the same conditions.We have recently reported1 some observations with regard to the synthesis of (Z)-7.3-diphenyl-5-benaylidme-4(5H)-imidaoone($,I and (Z)-2.3-diphenyl-5-(a-phenylethylidene)-4(5~)-imidazalone(2) and the implied stereochemistry.
Influence of dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-en-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol on the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells induced by 17 beta-estradiol. (1992)

The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 5-en-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (ADIOL) on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells were studied both in steroid - free and estradiol (E2) supplemented media. Growth was evaluated by counting the cells after six days of culture. The results show that DHEA 500 nM and ADIOL 2 nM stimulate MCF-7 cell growth in steroid-free medium, while in medium supplemented with E2 1 nM they partly antagonize the stimulatory effect of the estrogen. The latter action is also shown by lower DHEA concentrations (20 nM, 100 nM), which have no effect when added to the steroid-free medium. Incubations carried out in the presence of labeled DHEA show its conversion to ADIOL. Moreover, tamoxifen counteracts in a dose-depended manner the stimulatory effect of DHEA and ADIOL, suggesting that it is mediated by an interaction with estrogen receptors.
Automatic Colon Polyp Detection Using Region Based Deep CNN and Post Learning Approaches (2018)

Automatic image detection of colonic polyps is still an unsolved problem due to the large variation of polyps in terms of shape, texture, size, and color, and the existence of various polyp-like mimics during colonoscopy. In this paper, we apply a recent region-based convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for the automatic detection of polyps in the images and videos obtained from colonoscopy examinations. We use a deep-CNN model (Inception Resnet) as a transfer learning scheme in the detection system. To overcome the polyp detection obstacles and the small number of polyp images, we examine image augmentation strategies for training deep networks. We further propose two efficient post-learning methods, such as automatic false positive learning and offline learning, both of which can be incorporated with the region-based detection system for reliable polyp detection. Using the large size of colonoscopy databases, experimental results demonstrate that the suggested detection systems show better performance than other systems in the literature. Furthermore, we show improved detection performance using the proposed post-learning schemes for colonoscopy videos.
The efficient evaluation of the hypergeometric function of a matrix argument (2006)

We present new algorithms that efficiently approximate the hypergeometric function of a matrix argument through its expansion as a series of Jack functions. Our algorithms exploit the combinatorial properties of the Jack function, and have complexity that is only linear in the size of the matrix.
Lipid-induced depression of methane production and digestibility in the artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) (1997)

An artificial rumen (RUSITEC) equipped with eight fermenters was used to examine the effects of canola oil (CA), cod liver oil (CD) and coconut oil (CO) on methane production, dietary digestibility and rumen microbial populations. The experiment, repeated three times, involved two diets (100% grass hay or a 90%:10% wheat:hay mixture) either untreated (controls) or sprayed with CA, CD or CO (10%, wt/wt) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Dry matter disappearance and CH 4 production were greater (P < 0.05) from untreated concentrate diet than from untreated hay. There were significant interactions (P < 0.05) between diet and lipid type for DM digestion and several of the fermentation parameters. Coconut oil decreased (P < 0.05) DM and neutral detergent fibre disappearance of hay but did not affect digestion of concentrate. All oils, especially CO, depressed (P < 0.05) CH 4 production (mmol g −1 digestible DM) and methanogenic populations regardless of diet. Methanogens on CO-treated diets numbered less than 1% of those on CA- and CD-treated diets. Total viable, amylolytic, and cellulolytic bacterial numbers were also substantially reduced (P < 0.05) by CO, but not by CA or CD for both diets. Bacterial colonization and digestion of CO-treated hay was markedly less extensive than that observed on untreated, CA- or CD-treated hay. The molar proportion of propionate produced was increased (P < 0.05) by CA and CD, for the hay diet, but not for the concentrate diet. Coconut oil decreased (P < 0.05) the molar proportion of propionate produced on the hay diet and increased (P < 0.05) it on the concentrate diet. Of the three oils, CO was most inhibitory to CH 4 production and depressed fibre digestion. The CA and CD also decreased CH 4 production, but did not affect feed digestion in either diet. Consequently, the amount of metabolizable energy of feeds may be increased when diets are supplemented with these oils. Key words: Lipids, methane, digestibility, artificial rumen, bacteria, VFA
The Integrin α1 A-domain Is a Ligand Binding Site for Collagens and Laminin (1997)

The integrin alpha1beta1 is a cell surface receptor for collagens and laminin. The alpha1 subunit contains an A-domain, and the A-domains of other integrins are known to mediate ligand binding. To determine the role of the alpha1 A-domain in ligand binding and the extent to which it reproduced the ligand binding activity and specificity of the parent molecule, we produced recombinant alpha1 A-domain and tested its ability to bind collagens and laminin. In solid phase assays, the A-domain from alpha1 was found to bind to collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin in a largely cation-dependent manner. The alpha2 A-domain, from the alpha2beta1 integrin, also bound to these ligands, but the binding hierarchy differed from that seen for alpha1. This is the first demonstration of laminin binding by A-domains. Specificity of A-domain-ligand binding was further investigated using the triple-helical proteolytic fragment of collagen IV, CB3, and its subfragments, F1 and F4. alpha1 A-domain bound to all three fragments, while the alpha2 A-domain bound CB3 less well and exhibited little binding to F1 and no binding to F4. These differences mirror previous reports of distinct integrin binding sites in collagen IV and for the first time identify a limited proteolytic fragment of a ligand that contains integrin A-domain binding activity. To gain insight into the contribution that the A-domain makes to ligand binding within the whole integrin heterodimer, we measured binding constants for A-domain-collagen interactions using surface plasmon resonance biosensor technology. The values obtained were similar to those reported for intact integrin binding, suggesting that the A-domain is the major collagen binding site in the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins.
&#x201C;Clickable real world&#x201D; information retrieval application based on geo-visual clustering (2013)

We propose an intuitive operation based information retrieval system “Clickable Real World (CRW)”. If a user which uses this system takes a picture of a landmark in the world, some related information is displayed on a smartphone. One of the key research issues is how to estimate appropriate keywords in order to retrieve information related to the target. Our strategy utilizes a lot of training samples, which consist of images, tags and geolocation where the image was taken, shared on the Web (such as flickr and Picasa). Then, a keyword table is created based on the consistency of geolocation and visual feature. We developed a prototype version of CRW on a smartphone, and conducted a field experiment in Kyoto city, Japan.
Fast disambiguation of superimposed images for increased field of view (2008)

Many infrared optical systems in wide-ranging applications such as surveillance and security frequently require large fields of view. Often this necessitates a focal plane array (FPA) with a large number of pixels, which, in general, is very expensive. In this paper, we propose a method for increasing the field of view without increasing the pixel resolution of the FPA by superimposing the multiple subimages within a scene and disambiguating the observed data to reconstruct the original scene. This technique, in effect, allows each subimage of the scene to share a single FPA, thereby increasing the field of view without compromising resolution. To disambiguate the subimages, we develop wavelet regularized reconstruction methods which encourage sparsity in the solution. We present results from numerical experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Induction and patterning of the neural crest, a stem cell-like precursor population (1998)

The neural crest is a multipotent precursor population which ultimately generates much of the peripheral nervous system, epidermal pigment cells, and a variety of mesectodermal derivatives. Individual multipotent neural crest cells are capable of some self-renewing divisions, and based upon this criteria can be considered stem cells. Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward understanding how this important population of progenitor cells is initially established in the early embryo, and how cell-intrinsic and non-cell-intrinsic factors mediate their subsequent lineage segregation and differentiation.
Crystal structure of bis-µ-(trimethylsilylmethylidyne)tetrakis(trimethylsilylmethyl)diniobium(<scp>V</scp>). A new type of carbon bridging group (1971)

F. Huq, W. Mowat, A. C. Skapski and G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 1477 DOI: 10.1039/C29710001477
Bluetooth performance improvement over different channels through channel coding (2008)

It is known that Bluetooth systems employ a Hamming (15, 10) code for error correction. In this paper, we propose different error correction coding schemes for this purpose. A comparison study between the Hamming (7, 4), the cyclic (15, 11) and the BCH (15, 7) codes is held in the paper to choose an alternative to the Hamming (15, 10) code. The simulation experiments are held over both an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and a Rayleigh fading channel. The experimental results reveal the superiority of the BCH (15, 7) code to all other coding schemes if a large redundancy is accepted. If the issue of redundancy is of major concern, the Hamming (7,4) code is the best.
Pharmacodynamics of Memantine: An Update (2008)

Memantine received marketing authorization from the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) for the treatment of moderately severe to severe Alzheimer s disease (AD) in Europe on 17(th) May 2002 and shortly thereafter was also approved by the FDA for use in the same indication in the USA. Memantine is a moderate affinity, uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with strong voltage-dependency and fast kinetics. Due to this mechanism of action (MOA), there is a wealth of other possible therapeutic indications for memantine and numerous preclinical data in animal models support this assumption. This review is intended to provide an update on preclinical studies on the pharmacodynamics of memantine, with an additional focus on animal models of diseases aside from the approved indication. For most studies prior to 1999, the reader is referred to a previous review [196].In general, since 1999, considerable additional preclinical evidence has accumulated supporting the use of memantine in AD (both symptomatic and neuroprotective). In addition, there has been further confirmation of the MOA of memantine as an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist and essentially no data contradicting our understanding of the benign side effect profile of memantine.
Experimental Surgery and Physiology: Induced Animal Models of Human Diseases (1988)

Part 1 Introduction: clinical microbiology of the female genital tract use of the microbiology laboratory in infectious diseases. Part 2 Special organisms: group B streptococci genital mycoplasmas chlamydial infections herpes simplex virus infection sexually transmitted diseases mixed anaerobic-aerobic infection and pelvic abscess hepatitis acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). Part 3 Gynaecologic and obstetric infections: toxic shock syndrome infectious vulvovaginitis postabortion infection, bacteremia and septic shock pelvic inflammatory disease urinary tract infection perinatal infection premature rupture of the membranes intra-amniotic infection (intra-uterine infection in late pregnancy) subclinical infection as a cause of premature labour postpartum infection wound and episiotomy infection parasitic disease in pregnancy. Part 4 Antibiotics: antimicrobial agents antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetrics and gynaecology.
Measurement of the thickness of thin layers by ultrasonic interferometry (1984)

An ultrasonic interferometer working in a pulsed mode is described in this paper. It allows for the measurement of coating thicknesses as thin as 5 μm with a 5% precision over different substrates at a very high rate (up to 1000 times per second). The optimal conditions for this interferometric measurement are defined theoretically and the probe characteristics have been optimized technologically. This, together with the design of a very large frequency bandwidth (from 90 to 510 MHz) electronic setup, leads to interesting performances. The advantages of the system for achieving thickness measurements are discussed and comparisons are made with other systems.
Characteristics and applications of a Schottky-barrier-gate Gunn-effect digital-device (1974)

The theory is developed for the characteristics of a Schottky-barrier-gate Gunn-effect digital-device (SBG GEDD). The four basic parameters, i.e., relative field drop, minimum trigger-field, minimum trigger-pulse duration, and trigger capability, are defined and evaluated numerically for GaAs. Then the device characteristics such as output current, maximum trigger sensitivity, trigger capability, amplification factor, fan-out, noise margin, jitter, unidirectionality, and power-delay product, are derived and calculated for SBG GEDD's with different doping densities and different sizes by using the results of preliminary measurements. The features of SBG GEDD are 1) great trigger capability, 2) good trigger sensitivity, 3) high unidirectionality, 4) small input capacitance, 5) high response-speed and short delay time, 6) small power-delay product, 7) large fan-out, and 8) simple device and circuit constructions. Some applications are demonstrated to high-speed pulse repeaters and logic circuits.
Security and Trust through Electronic Social Network-Based Interactions (2009)

The success of a public key infrastructure such as the Web of trust (WoT) heavily depends on its ability to ensure that public keys are used by their legitimate owners, thereby avoiding malicious impersonations. To guarantee this property, the WoT requires users to physically gather, check each otherpsilas credentials (e.g., ID cards), to sign the trusted keys, and to subsequently monitor their validity over time. This trust establishment and management procedure is rather cumbersome and, as we believe, the main reason for the limited adoption of the WoT. To overcome this problem, we propose a solution that leverages the intrinsic properties of electronic social networks (ESN) to establish and manage trust in the WoT. In particular, we exploit dynamically changing profile and contact information, as well as interactions among users of ESNs to gain and maintain trust in the legitimacy of key ownerships without the disadvantages of the traditional WoT approach. We see our proposal as an effective way to make security and trust solutions available to a broad audience of non-technical users.
An efficient de noising based clustering algorithm for detecting dead centers and removal of noise in digital images (2013)

Clustering algorithms are used for segmenting Digital images however noise are introduced into images during image acquisition, due to switching, sensor temperature. They may also occur due to interference in the channel and due to atmospheric disturbances during image transmission and affecting the segmentation results Noise reduction is a pulmonary step prior to feature extraction attempts from digital images. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper presents a new clustering based segmentation technique that can be used in segmenting noise in Digital images. We named this approach as De noising based Optimized K-means clustering algorithm (DOKM).where De noising is fully data driven approach. The qualitative and quantitative analyses have been performed to investigate the robustness of the OKM algorithm. And this new approach is effective to avoid dead centre and trapped centre in segmented Digital Images.
Fabrication of ceramic substrate-reinforced and free forms (1985)

Components fabricated of, or coated with, ceramics have lower parasitic cooling requirements. Techniques are discussed for fabricating thin-shell ceramic components and ceramic coatings for applications in rocket or jet engine environments. Thin ceramic shells with complex geometric forms involving convolutions and reentrant surfaces were fabricated by mandrel removal. Mandrel removal was combined with electroplating or plasma spraying and isostatic pressing to form a metal support for the ceramic. Rocket engine thrust chambers coated with 0.08 mm (3 mil) of ZrO2-8Y2O3 had no failures and a tenfold increase in engine life. Some measured mechanical properties of the plasma-sprayed ceramic are presented.