gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ongoing clinical trials and treatment options for patients with systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease (2018)

SSc is a rare CTD that affects multiple organ systems, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Evidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is seen in ∼80% of patients with SSc. Currently there is no approved disease-modifying treatment for ILD and few effective treatment options are available. CYC is included in treatment guidelines, but it has limited efficacy and is associated with toxicity. MMF is becoming the most commonly used medication in clinical practice in North America and the UK, but its use is not universal. Newer agents targeting the pathogenic mechanisms underlying SSc-ILD, including fibrotic and inflammatory pathways, lymphocytes, cell-cell and cell-extracellular membrane interactions, hold promise for better treatment outcomes, including improved lung function, patient-related outcomes and quality of life. Here we review ongoing trials of established and novel agents that are currently recruiting patients with SSc-ILD.
Über die Einwirkung von Grignardreagens auf Aminosäuren. 5. Mitteilung. Acylwanderung bei Aminoalkoholen und Glykolen. (1925)

Article Über die Einwirkung von Grignardreagens auf Aminosäuren. 5. Mitteilung. Acylwanderung bei Aminoalkoholen und Glykolen. was published on January 1, 1925 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 146, issue 4-6).
Pulsed-Laser Deposition (1994)

Abstract This article presents a general description of pulsed-laser deposition. It describes the components of pulsed-laser deposition equipment. The article also discusses the effects of angular distribution of materials. Finally, the article reviews the characteristics of high-temperature superconductors and ferroelectric materials.
Probiotic and enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An effective strategy against a deadly enemy? (2016)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major food-borne pathogens that constitute a serious public health threat. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for EHEC infections in human creating an urgent need for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Among them, one of the most promising approaches is the use of probiotic microorganisms. Even if many studies have shown the antagonistic effects of probiotic bacteria or yeast on EHEC survival, virulence, adhesion on intestinal epithelium or pathogen-induced inflammatory responses, mechanisms mediating their beneficial effects remain unclear. This review describes EHEC pathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategies, with a particular emphasis on probiotics. The interests and limits of a probiotic-based approach and the way it might be incorporated into global health strategies against EHEC infections will be discussed.
Adaptive antenna selection and Tx/Rx beamforming for large-scale MIMO systems in 60 GHz channels (2011)

Abstract We consider a large-scale MIMO system operating in the 60 GHz band employing beamforming for high-speed data transmission. We assume that the number of RF chains is smaller than the number of antennas, which motivates the use of antenna selection to exploit the beamforming gain afforded by the large-scale antenna array. However, the system constraint that at the receiver, only a linear combination of the receive antenna outputs is available, which together with the large dimension of the MIMO system makes it challenging to devise an efficient antenna selection algorithm. By exploiting the strong line-of-sight property of the 60 GHz channels, we propose an iterative antenna selection algorithm based on discrete stochastic approximation that can quickly lock onto a near-optimal antenna subset. Moreover, given a selected antenna subset, we propose an adaptive transmit and receive beamforming algorithm based on the stochastic gradient method that makes use of a low-rate feedback channel to inform the transmitter about the selected beams. Simulation results show that both the proposed antenna selection and the adaptive beamforming techniques exhibit fast convergence and near-optimal performance.
Effect of mixing on the kinetics of polymer-aided flocculation (2000)

Research Article| February 01 2000 Effect of mixing on the kinetics of polymer-aided flocculation Stephanie Young; Stephanie Young 1Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M8 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Daniel W. Smith Daniel W. Smith 1Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M8 Telephone: +1 (780) 492 4138; Fax: +1 (780) 492 8289; E-mail: dwsmith@civil.ualberta.ca Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2000) 49 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2000.0001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Stephanie Young, Daniel W. Smith; Effect of mixing on the kinetics of polymer-aided flocculation. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 February 2000; 49 (1): 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2000.0001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Polymer-aided flocculation is defined in this study as the coagulation and flocculation process which is accomplished by using alum in conjunction with a small dosage of polymer. Polymer is commonly used to improve flocculation performance; however, few in-depth studies of mixing requirements when using polymer as an aid have been reported. Presented is an evaluation of the effect of mixing on the kinetics of polymer-aided flocculation. The study found that the optimum G̅f-values occurred at 70 to 100 s−1, such that G̅ftb-values (Camp Number) were in the range of 113,000 to 144,000. The limited improvement in kinetics achieved by increasing the G̅f-value beyond 100 s−1 will probably not justify the higher energy consumption. Moreover, experimentation has shown that the maximum G̅f-value recommended for the design is G̅f=200 s−1 (G̅ftb=252,000), and the critical mixing rate occurred at G̅f=400 s−1 (G̅ftb=432,000), beyond which significant floc break-up will occur. The optimum G̅f-value determined from the study suggests that the currently designed flocculators using alum alone can be used when polymer is used as a coagulant aid. Thus, the use of polymer as a coagulant aid can improve the coagulation and flocculation efficiency in existing systems. floc, flocculation, kinetics, mixing, polymer, size distributions This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 2000 You do not currently have access to this content.
Present status of research on cancer chemoprevention in Japan. (1990)

The activities of the research group on cancer chemoprevention supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan are summarized. Since the research on cancer chemoprevention is quite new in Japan, this paper describes the present status of the development of possible cancer preventive agents. Acyclic retinoid (E-5166) and sarcophytol A encourage further studies. New inhibitory compounds of experimental carcinogenesis, such as cryptoporic acid, oleanolic acid, mokko lactone and ursolic acid were isolated from plants. The importance of the keen collaboration between natural product chemists and clinicians for further meaningful progress in this research field has been emphasized.
Automatic test selection based on CEFSM specifications (2002)

Mutation analysis is a fault based testing method used initially for code based software testing. In this paper, this method is applied to formal specifications and used for automatic conformance test selection. This paper defines formally a set of mutation operators for CEFSM (Communicating Extended Finite State Machine) systems to enable the automated creation of mutant specifications. Mutants of a specification are used as selection criteria to pick out adequate test cases. Two different algorithms are proposed for the generation and selection of efficient test suites. Additionally, the operators and algorithms provide the basis of an automatic tool developed at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. We present the results of an empirical study on the well-known INRES protocol acquired using the tool.
Faithful expression of a tagged Fugu WT1 protein from a genomic transgene in zebrafish: efficient splicing of pufferfish genes in zebrafish but not mice (2003)

The teleost fish are widely used as model organisms in vertebrate biology. The compact genome of the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes, has proven a valuable tool in comparative genome analyses, aiding the annotation of mammalian genomes and the identification of conserved regulatory elements, whilst the zebrafish is particularly suited to genetic and developmental studies. We demonstrate that a pufferfish WT1 transgene can be expressed and spliced appropriately in transgenic zebrafish, contrasting with the situation in transgenic mice. By creating both transgenic mice and transgenic zebrafish with the same construct, we show that Fugu RNA is processed correctly in zebrafish but not in mice. Furthermore, we show for the first time that a Fugu genomic construct can produce protein in transgenic zebrafish: a full-length Fugu WT1 transgene with a C-terminal beta-galactosidase fusion is spliced and translated correctly in zebrafish, mimicking the expression of the endogenous WT1 gene. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish:Fugu system is a powerful and convenient tool for dissecting both vertebrate gene regulation and gene function in vivo.
The role of pathogen diversity on the evolution of resistance (2017)

My aim is to determine whether baculovirus diversity affects the rate at which resistance evolves. Using Trichoplusia ni as a host, changes in resistance against single versus mixtures of AcMNPV variants were examined in an evolution experiment. AcMNPV variants were isolated using dilution cloning and characterized using RFLP and pathogenicity bioassay. I found that the rate of evolution of resistance to more diverse pathogen infections to be less than that of single variants and the level of resistance was reduced by over 284-fold compared to specific single variants. Identity of the single variants had a major influence on the rate of evolution of resistance. Additionally, I found evidence of higher fitness costs of resistance to more diverse infections. My findings indicate that pathogen diversity should be factored into resistance management strategies for microbial insecticides and provide insight into the role of pathogen diversity on the evolution of resistance to pathogens.
Effective connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex differentiates the perception of facial expressions (2008)

Emotion research is guided both by the view that emotions are points in a dimensional space, such as valence or approach-withdrawal, and by the view that emotions are discrete categories. We determined whether effective connectivity of amygdala with medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (LOFC) differentiates the perception of emotion faces in a manner consistent with the dimensional and/or categorical view. Greater effective connectivity from left MOFC to amygdala differentiated positive and neutral expressions from negatively valenced angry, disgust, and fear expressions. Greater effective connectivity from right LOFC to amygdala differentiated emotion expressions conducive to perceiver approach (happy, neutral, and fear) from angry expressions that elicit perceiver withdrawal. Finally, consistent with the categorical view, there were unique patterns of connectivity in response to fear, anger, and disgust, although not in response to happy expressions, which did not differ from neutral ones.
4D time‐resolved MR angiography with keyhole (4D‐TRAK): More than 60 times accelerated MRA using a combination of CENTRA, keyhole, and SENSE at 3.0T (2008)

4D time-resolved MRA with keyhole (4D-TRAK) is feasible using a combination of CENTRA, keyhole, and SENSE at 3.0T and allows for more than 60 times accelerated MRA with high spatial resolution.
Detection of Intracranial Hypertension using Deep Learning (2016)

Intracranial Hypertension, a disorder characterized by elevated pressure in the brain, is typically monitored in neurointensive care and diagnosed only after elevation has occurred. This reaction-based method of treatment leaves patients at higher risk of additional complications in case of misdetection. The detection of intracranial hypertension has been the subject of many recent studies in an attempt to accurately characterize the causes of hypertension, specifically examining waveform morphology. We investigate the use of Deep Learning, a hierarchical form of machine learning, to model the relationship between hypertension and waveform morphology, giving us the ability to accurately detect presence hypertension. Data from 60 patients, showing intracranial pressure levels over a half hour time span, was used to evaluate the model. We divided each patient's recording into average normalized beats over 30 sec segments, assigning each beat a label of high (i.e. greater than 15 mmHg) or low intracranial pressure. The model was tested to predict the presence of elevated intracranial pressure. The algorithm was found to be 92.05± 2.25% accurate in detecting intracranial hypertension on our dataset.
Soluble VCAM-1 Induces Chemotaxis of Jurkat and Synovial Fluid T Cells Bearing High Affinity Very Late Antigen-4 (1998)

It has been shown that cells with high affinity very late Ag (VLA)-integrins have up-regulated expression of a beta1-subunit epitope, which is detected by 15/7 mAb. In this study, we demonstrate that soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) exhibits chemotactic activity of T cells with high affinity VLA-4 against VCAM-1, such as Jurkat T cells and IL-2-dependent T cells. Moreover, we found that T cells in the synovial fluid show high basal migration in the absence of sVCAM-1, compared with peripheral blood T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Among T cells in the synovial fluid, CD45RO+ memory T cells, in response to sVCAM-1, showed a much higher than basal migratory response when compared with CD45RA+ naive cells, while no significant difference was observed between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The chemotactic activity of sVCAM-1 is inhibited in the presence of anti-VCAM-1 and anti-VLA-4, which interfered with the binding between VCAM-1 and VLA-4. Inhibition studies using various kinase inhibitors (C3 exoenzyme, KN62, and H7) show that Rho, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, and protein kinase C are involved in signal transduction in sVCAM-1-induced chemotaxis, respectively, whereas tyrosine kinase seems to play a lesser role, since genistein showed only partial inhibition of T cell chemotaxis. Western blot analysis using an anti-phospho-serine mAb (MO82) reveals that Ser82 in the vimentin is phosphorylated specifically by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II through sVCAM-1 activation in the IL-2 dependent T cells. Collectively, by inducing migration and recruitment of T cells through several kinase activations, sVCAM-1 contributes to the development of the inflammation of synovial lesion.
Optimum Binary Signals for Reactor Frequency Response Measurements (1972)

A two-level input signal called the multifrequency binary signal (MFBS) was evaluated for use in nuclear reactor frequency response measurements and was employed in tests on the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment. The MFBS was found to have significant advantages over other currently used signals in terms of test duration required to achieve necessary accuracy.
The Y-laser: a multifunctional device for optical communication systems and switching networks (1993)

This paper gives a comprehensive review of the recent progress obtained with various operation modes of a Y-shaped all active waveguide device with three optical input/output ports, the so called Y-laser. Used as a monolithic semiconductor light source, single-mode emission with an extremely large cw tuning range of more than 50 nm is accessed. Single current step tuning spans up to 8-nm range. Several-GHz bandwidth AM and FM response is achieved. Operation as a wavelength processing device is demonstrated with data-stream transformation from short wavelength fiber windows (around 780 nm or 1310 nm) to the long wavelength window (1550 nm), as well as with ultra wide range wavelength conversion within the 1550-nm region, across +/-20 nm (blue and red shift). Optical high-speed space switching/gating functions are verified up to 1 Gb/s, and packet switching of 5-Gb/s data streams is demonstrated. Further features as a pulse reshaping device, as an electrically triggerable wavelength bistable device and as a mode locked pulse generator are addressed. Possible applications of this multifunctional device in future optical communication systems and switching networks are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
17β‐Estradiol enhances neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (2004)

Existing protocols show a variety in the percentage of neurons that can be generated from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. In the current study, we compared effects of various differentiating conditions, including gelatin and poly-l-ornithine/fibronectin coatings, and NGF and 17beta-estradiol treatments on the total yield of neurons, as well as, neurite growth and branching. Here, we show that combination of fibronectin coating with 17beta-estradiol increased number of generated neurons over 50%. Poly-l-ornithine/fibronectin increased the percent of neurons in all cultures, suggesting its direct influence on neurogenesis. Addition of 17beta-estradiol reduced mean neurite length in culture, but significantly increased branching. Our results indicate a substrate-dependent regulation of estrogen-induced ES cells differentiation into neuronal cells.
Early diagnosis of oral cancer based on the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles. (2007)

The high mortality rate in cancer such as oral squamous cell carcinoma is commonly attributed to the difficulties in detecting the disease at an early treatable stage. In this study, we exploited the ability of gold nanoparticles to undergo coupled surface plasmon resonance and set up strong electric fields when closely-spaced to improve the molecular contrast signal in reflectance-based imaging and also to enhance the Raman signal of bioanalytes in cancer. Colloidal gold nanoparticles were synthesized and conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for imaging. A self-assembled surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active gold nanoparticle monolayer film was also developed as a biosensing surface using a simple drop-dry approach. We have shown that gold nanoparticles could elicit an optical contrast to discriminate between cancerous and normal cells and their conjugation with antibodies allowed them to map the expression of relevant biomarkers for molecular imaging under confocal reflectance microscopy. We have also shown that the SERS spectra of saliva from the closely-packed gold nanoparticles films was differentiable between those acquired from normal individuals and oral cancer patients, thus showing promise of a simple SERS-based saliva assay for early diagnosis of oral cancer.
Induction of Mutations in African Violet(Saintpaulia ionantha WendL) by Ethyl Methanesulfonate1 (1973)

Abstract Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) applied at a concentration of .5 M for 1 hour to petioles of African violet leaf cuttings produced mutations in 13% of plantlets (which as in many species originate from a single epidermal cell).
Preliminary Findings on the Experimental Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease Agent of Mule Deer to Cattle (2001)

To determine the transmissibility of chronic wasting disease (CWD) to cattle and to provide information about clinical course, lesions, and suitability of currently used diagnostic procedures for detection of CWD in cattle, 13 calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer naturally affected with CWD. Between 24 and 27 months postinoculation, 3 animals became recumbent and were euthanized. Gross necropsies revealed emaciation in 2 animals and a large pulmonary abscess in the third. Brains were examined for protease-resistant prion protein (PrP(res)) by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and for scrapie-associated fibrils (SAFs) by negative-stain electron microscopy. Microscopic lesions in the brain were subtle in 2 animals and absent in the third case. However, all 3 animals were positive for PrP(res) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and SAFs were detected in 2 of the animals. An uninoculated control animal euthanized during the same period did not have PrP(res) in its brain. These are preliminary observations from a currently in-progress experiment. Three years after the CWD challenge, the 10 remaining inoculated cattle are alive and apparently healthy. These preliminary findings demonstrate that diagnostic techniques currently used for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) surveillance would also detect CWD in cattle should it occur naturally.
Response of Lake Kivu stratification to lava inflow and climate warming (2004)

During the eruption of Nyiragongo Volcano in January 2002 about 10 6 m 3 of lava entered Lake Kivu. The high concentrations of CO 2 and CH 4 dissolved in the deep waters of Lake Kivu raised serious concerns about a potential gas outburst with catastrophic consequences for the population in the Kivu‐Tanganyika region. Therefore, 3 weeks after the volcanic eruption, we performed an ad hoc lake survey of the stability of the water column stratification. Vertical profiles of temperature and turbidity revealed signatures of the lava, which had penetrated to 100 m depth; however, there was no substantial warming or destratification of the gas‐containing deep layers below. The deep double‐diffusive structures also remained unaltered. Based on these observations, we conclude that a thermally driven gas outburst in Lake Kivu is not to be expected from future eruptions of comparable dimensions. In addition, the recent measurements allowed for an update and gave new insight into the stratification and double‐diffusive mixing phenomena in Lake Kivu. A comparison with former measurements revealed a warming of the upper part of the lake of up to 0.5°C within the last 30 yr, which could be attributed to climate variability.
Effects of Probiotics on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents (2016)

The present findings suggest that a course of the abovementioned probiotic compound can be effective in improving pediatric NAFLD.