gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Monodisperse M<sup>III</sup>-Based <b>soc</b>-MOFs (M = In and Ga) with Cubic and Truncated Cubic Morphologies (2012)

In this work, we carry out an investigation on shape-controlled growth of In III- and Ga III-based square-octahedral metal-organic frameworks (soc-MOFs). In particular, controllable crystal morphological evolution from simple cubes to complex octadecahedra has been achieved, and resultant highly uniform crystal building blocks promise new research opportunities for preparation of self-assembled MOF materials and related applications. © 2012 American Chemical Society.
Instrumented Objective Tire/Vehicle Handling Testing (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A method of objectively evaluating the handling characteristics of tire/vehicle systems has been developed which gives repeatable results. This testing utilizes high speed, on-board minicomputer technology to acquire, analyze, compute, and store data giving the test operator immediate access to test results.</div>
Type 1 fimbrial shafts of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae influence sugar-binding specificities of their FimH adhesins (1994)

The type 1 fimbriae of enterobacteria comprise FimA, which constitutes most of the fimbrial shaft, and a cassette of three minor ancillary subunits including FimH, the mannose-binding moiety. The sugar-binding specificities of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 fimbriae were examined by determining the relative activities of two aromatic mannosides in inhibiting the yeast aggregation caused by the fimbriated bacteria. 4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-mannoside (MeUmb alpha Man) was approximately 10-fold more effective than p-nitrophenyl alpha-mannoside (p-NP alpha Man) in inhibiting the yeast aggregation caused by the recombinant expressing native E. coli type 1 fimbriae. In contrast, MeUmb alpha Man was only fourfold more effective than p-NP alpha Man in assays employing the recombinant expressing native K. pneumoniae type 1 fimbriae. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the sugar-binding specificities of type 1 fimbriae in the two species, transcomplementation studies were performed and resulted in the creation of recombinants expressing two types of hybrid fimbriae: one consisting of a cassette of minor subunits of E. coli fimbriae borne on a filamentous shaft of K. pneumoniae FimA subunits and the other consisting of a cassette of K. pneumoniae minor fimbrial subunits borne on a shaft of E. coli FimA subunits. Although the heterologous FimH was incorporated into the fimbrial filaments in amounts comparable to those observed in native fimbriae, the hemagglutination activities of recombinants expressing hybrid fimbriae were significantly lower than those of their counterparts bearing native fimbriae. The sugar-binding specificity of the recombinant expressing hybrid fimbriae consisting of an E. coli shaft bearing K. pneumoniae FimH was different from those of recombinants expressing native K. pneumoniae fimbriae in its affinity for the two aromatic sugars but was remarkably similar to the specificities exhibited by recombinants expressing native E. coli fimbriae. Conversely, the sugar-binding specificity of the recombinant expressing hybrid fimbriae consisting of a K. pneumoniae shaft bearing E. coli FimH was different from that of the recombinant expressing native E. coli fimbriae but was very similar to those of recombinants expressing native K. pneumoniae fimbriae. We conclude that the differences in the sugar-binding specificity between E. coli and K. pneumoniae FimH fimbrial subunits is influenced by the fimbrial shafts which carry the adhesin molecules in a functionally competent form at the distal tips.
mRNA Decay during Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections: Protein-Protein Interactions Involving the HSV Virion Host Shutoff Protein and Translation Factors eIF4H and eIF4A (2005)

During lytic infections, the virion host shutoff (Vhs) protein of herpes simplex virus accelerates the degradation of both host and viral mRNAs. In so doing, it helps redirect the cell from host to viral protein synthesis and facilitates the sequential expression of different viral genes. Vhs interacts with the cellular translation initiation factor eIF4H, and several point mutations that abolish its mRNA degradative activity also abrogate its ability to bind eIF4H. In addition, a complex containing bacterially expressed Vhs and a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-eIF4H fusion protein has RNase activity. eIF4H shares a region of sequence homology with eIF4B, and it appears to be functionally similar in that both stimulate the RNA helicase activity of eIF4A, a component of the mRNA cap-binding complex eIF4F. We show that eIF4H interacts physically with eIF4A in the yeast two-hybrid system and in GST pull-down assays and that the two proteins can be coimmunoprecipitated from mammalian cells. Vhs also interacts with eIF4A in GST pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Site-directed mutagenesis of Vhs and eIF4H revealed residues of each that are important for their mutual interaction, but not for their interaction with eIF4A. Thus, Vhs, eIF4H, and eIF4A comprise a group of proteins, each of which is able to interact directly with the other two. Whether they interact simultaneously as a tripartite complex or sequentially is unclear. The data suggest a mechanism for linking the degradation of an mRNA to its translation and for targeting Vhs to mRNAs and to regions of translation initiation.
Efficacy of an Innovative Aerosol Foam Formulation of Fixed Combination Calcipotriol plus Betamethasone Dipropionate in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris (2015)

Cal/BD foam demonstrated a significant improvement in antipsoriatic effect over Cal/BD ointment, BD foam and foam vehicle alone.
Docosahexaenoic acid stimulates non‐amyloidogenic APP processing resulting in reduced Aβ levels in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease (2007)

Epidemiological studies suggest that a high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we examined the effects of DHA on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease by analysing levels of different APP fragments, including amyloid-beta (Abeta). DHA administration stimulated non-amyloidogenic APP processing and reduced levels of Abeta, providing a mechanism for the reported beneficial effects of DHA in vivo. However, an increased level of APP intracellular domain was also observed, highlighting the need to increase our knowledge about the relevance of this fragment in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. In conclusion, our results suggest that the proposed protective role of DHA in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis might be mediated by altered APP processing and Abeta production.
Solubilized nasal steroid (CDX-947) when combined in the same solution nasal spray with an antihistamine (CDX-313) provides improved, fast-acting symptom relief in patients with allergic rhinitis (2011)

Studies indicate that allergy sufferers remain dissatisfied with available antiallergic therapies. A new convenient formulation of solubilized steroid combined in the same nasal spray solution with antihistamine may provide added symptom relief. The objective was to evaluate effects of CDX-947 (solubilized budesonide) and CDX-313 (solubilized azelastine + budesonide) against their suspension-type comparators (budesonide [Rhinocort Aqua {RA}] or azelastine + budesonide [Astelin] {AS} + RA]) and placebo on nasal allergy symptoms of patients exposed to controlled levels of ragweed pollen in an environmental exposure chamber (EEC). Two separate EEC studies that enrolled 173 patients were analyzed. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and onset of action were captured. Mean change from baseline of TNSS was compared with analysis of covariance and the onset of action determined. Meta-analysis was performed to allow cross-comparisons between studies. All active treatments significantly reduced TNSS when compared with placebo and both CDX-947 and CDX-313 showed increased improvement over the suspension-type comparators. CDX-313 provided significantly faster onset of action for itchy nose and sneezing. No clinically significant adverse events were reported in this study. The novel combination product, CDX-313, provided fast, long-lasting relief for allergic rhinitis symptoms. Compared with products where corticosteroid remains suspended, the new solubilized nasal spray formulation provides added benefit including faster onset of action and superior, convenient dosing of two therapeutics in one convenient product.
صور بلاغی اسلوب تأکید در آیات قرآن کریم (2012)

زبان مهمترین ابزار ارتباط و پیوند میان انسانها برای بیان مفاهیم ذهنی آنهاست و هر زبان را اسلوبی است که در آن با گزینش کلمات برروح و جان شنونده یا خواننده اثرمی بگذارد. .بر همین اساس خبرگان وادی سخنوری، برای سنجش ارزش سخن معیارهایی ارائه نموده اند و در این میان قرآن کریم را بهترین و برترین الگوی این مهم برشمرده اند و تمام اسلوب های بکار رفته در آن را نمونه والای فصاحت و بلاغت دانسته اندکه هر کس بنا به قابلیت ها و درک وفهم خویش می تواند از این دریای بی کران معانی بهره ببرد.
یکی از اسالیب قابل توجه در آیات قرآن، اسلوب تأکید است که با صور مختلف در اوج شیوایی و زیبایی بیان گردیده و سعی این مقاله بر آن است که به استناد آیات قرآنی به توضیح وتبین وجوه تاکید ـ مثل اطناب، تکرار، تفسیر، ایغال، تذییل، تتمیم، اعتراض و... بپردازد وبه تحلیل جنبه های بلاغی آن از دیدگاه بزرگان علم بلاغت اشاراتی داشته باشد. 
کلیدواژه‌ها: تأکید، بلاغت، إطناب، اسلوب قرآن.
Antibiotic Concentrations in Serum and Wound Fluid after Local Gentamicin or Intravenous Dicloxacillin Prophylaxis in Cardiac Surgery (2003)

One important aim of antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery is preventing mediastinitis and thus it would appear to be relevant to study the antibiotic concentrations in pericardial/mediastinal fluid. Local administration of gentamicin in the wound before sternal closure is a novel way of antibiotic prophylaxis and could be effective against bacteria resistant to intravenous antibiotics. This study measured dicloxacillin concentrations in 101 patients in serum and wound fluid following intravenous administration of dicloxacillin. Similarly, concentrations of gentamicin in serum and wound fluid were determined in 30 patients after administration of 260 mg gentamicin in the wound at sternal closure. Median dicloxacillin concentrations in serum and wound fluid at sternal closure were 59.4 and 55.35 mg/l, respectively. Gentamicin levels in the wound were very high (median 304 mg/l), whereas serum concentrations were low (peak median 2.05 mg/l). Dicloxacillin, 1 g given intravenously, according to the clinical protocol, resulted in levels in serum and wound fluid at sternal closure likely to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infections. Locally administered gentamicin resulted in high local concentrations, potentially effective against agents normally considered resistant.
An Improved Context-Free Recognizer (1980)

A new algorithm for recognizing and parsing arbitrary context-free languages is presented, and several new results are given on the computational complexity of these problems. The new algorithm is of both practical and theoretical interest. It is conceptually simple and allows a variety of efficient implementations, which are worked out in detail. Two versions are given which run in faster than cubic time. Surprisingly close connections between the Cocke-Kasami-Younger and Earley algorithms are established which reveal that the two algorithms are “almost” identical.
Double-pinned magnetic tunnel junction sensors with spin-valve-like sensing layers (2015)

MgO magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors with spin-valve-like sensing layers of Ir22Mn78 (6)/Ni80Fe20 (tNiFe = 20–70)/Ru (0.9)/Co40Fe40B20 (3) (unit: nm) have been fabricated. A linear field dependence of magnetoresistance for these MTJ sensors was obtained by carrying out a two-step field annealing process. The sensitivity and linear field range can be tuned by varying the thickness of NiFe layer and annealing temperature, and a high sensitivity of 37%/mT has been achieved in the MTJ sensors with 70 nm NiFe at the optimum annealing temperature of 230 °C. Combining the spin-valve-like sensing structure and a soft magnetic NiFe layer, MTJ sensors with relatively wide field sensing range have been achieved and could be promising for showing high sensitivity magnetic field sensing applications.
Transforming Growth Factor-β–Induced Cross Talk Between p53 and a MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy (2013)

Elevated p53 expression is associated with several kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanisms are unclear. We report that expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β), p53, and microRNA-192 (miR-192) are increased in the renal cortex of diabetic mice, and this is associated with enhanced glomerular expansion and fibrosis relative to nondiabetic mice. Targeting miR-192 with locked nucleic acid-modified inhibitors in vivo decreases expression of p53 in the renal cortex of control and streptozotocin-injected diabetic mice. Furthermore, mice with genetic deletion of miR-192 in vivo display attenuated renal cortical TGF-β and p53 expression when made diabetic, and have reduced renal fibrosis, hypertrophy, proteinuria, and albuminuria relative to diabetic wild-type mice. In vitro promoter regulation studies show that TGF-β induces reciprocal activation of miR-192 and p53, via the miR-192 target Zeb2, leading to augmentation of downstream events related to DN. Inverse correlation between miR-192 and Zeb2 was observed in glomeruli of human subjects with early DN, consistent with the mechanism seen in mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time a TGF-β-induced feedback amplification circuit between p53 and miR-192 related to the pathogenesis of DN, and that miR-192-knockout mice are protected from key features of DN.
Exploring the Use of Emerging Nonvolatile Memory Technologies in Future FPGAs (2013)

As new nonvolatile memory technologies become increasingly mature, there has been a growing interest on investigating their use in future field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Similar to existing FPGAs with embedded Flash memory, future FPGAs can embed these new nonvolatile memories to persistently store configuration data. By comparing with prior work, we first propose the more appropriate design style for new nonvolatile configuration data storage memory. Moreover, this brief studies a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)-based FPGA design strategy enabled by high-density embedded nonvolatile memory. Existing FPGAs do not use on-chip DRAM cells for configuration data storage mainly because DRAM self-refresh involves destructive DRAM read. This problem can be solved, if we use embedded nonvolatile memory as primary FPGA configuration data storage and externally refresh on-chip DRAM cells. Analysis and simulations have been carried out to demonstrate the potential advantages of such a design strategy.
Winter's Tale : An Original Pop-up Journey (2005)

A winter wonderland in glittering 3D! Winter's Tale is Robert Sabuda's most spectacular original pop-up story yet. The simple, elegant text is illustrated with breathtaking artwork and extraordinary paper engineering. Stunning visual effects of foil, glitter, and a twinkling surprise further capture the magic of winter. This is a must-have for everyone's bookshelf.
A typology of design knowledge: a theoretical framework (2010)

This paper is a theoretical approach to structure design-specific knowledge into a framework, which can be used within the context of organizational and societal development. We conducted an extensive literature review about existing definitions of design knowledge, and knowledge in general. Based on this, we developed a typology, which consists of four different types of design knowledge and three interjacent transitions. According to our proposed framework, design knowledge can be represented in physical artifacts, as tacit gut feeling, as codified knowledge, or as scientific theories. To illustrate further we present examples for each knowledge type and transition and we suggest prototypical approaches for transferring these types of design knowledge in the context of design education. We believe this paper contributes to a better understanding of design knowledge, and our suggested framework might serve as a foundation for further design research, and for developing ITsystems to support design processes.
Enhanced light extraction of nonpolar a-plane (11-20) GaN light emitting diodes on sapphire substrates by photo-enhanced chemical wet etching (2010)

The extraction efficiency of nonpolar a-plane (11-20) GaN LEDs on sapphire substrates has been enhanced by selectively etching the mesa sidewall faces and the n-type GaN surfaces with photoenhanced chemical wet etching. Submicron-sized trigonal prisms having prismatic planes of {1-100} were clearly displayed on the n-type GaN surfaces as well as the sidewall face after 5 min etching at 60 degrees C. The radiation patterns have shown that more light is extracted in all directions and the output powers of surface textured a-plane GaN LEDs have increased by 25% compared with control samples. PEC wet etching produced unique feature of etching morphology on the mesa sidewall faces and the n-type GaN surface.
New <i>SMS</i> mutation leads to a striking reduction in spermine synthase protein function and a severe form of Snyder–Robinson X-linked recessive mental retardation syndrome (2008)

We report the identification of a novel mutation at a highly conserved residue within the N-terminal region of spermine synthase (SMS) in a second family with Snyder-Robinson X-linked mental retardation syndrome (OMIM 309583). This missense mutation, p.G56S, greatly reduces SMS activity and leads to severe epilepsy and cognitive impairment. Our findings contribute to a better delineation and expansion of the clinical spectrum of Snyder-Robinson syndrome, support the important role of the N-terminus in the function of the SMS protein, and provide further evidence for the importance of SMS activity in the development of intellectual processing and other aspects of human development.
The Action of Sulfuric Acid on Butanol-2<sup>1</sup> (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Sulfuric Acid on Butanol-21Nathan L. Drake and Fletcher P. Veitch Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 12, 2623–2625Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01315a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01315a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systematic Investigation of Benzodithiophene- and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low-Bandgap Polymers Designed for Single Junction and Tandem Polymer Solar Cells (2012)

The tandem solar cell architecture is an effective way to harvest a broader part of the solar spectrum and make better use of the photonic energy than the single junction cell. Here, we present the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of new low bandgap polymers specifically for tandem polymer solar cells. These polymers have a backbone based on the benzodithiophene (BDT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units. Alkylthienyl and alkylphenyl moieties were incorporated onto the BDT unit to form BDTT and BDTP units, respectively; a furan moiety was incorporated onto the DPP unit in place of thiophene to form the FDPP unit. Low bandgap polymers (bandgap = 1.4-1.5 eV) were prepared using BDTT, BDTP, FDPP, and DPP units via Stille-coupling polymerization. These structural modifications lead to polymers with different optical, electrochemical, and electronic properties. Single junction solar cells were fabricated, and the polymer:PC(71)BM active layer morphology was optimized by adding 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as an additive. In the single-layer photovoltaic device, they showed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3-6%. When the polymers were applied in tandem solar cells, PCEs over 8% were reached, demonstrating their great potential for high efficiency tandem polymer solar cells.
Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle Powertrain Development Considering Power Source Degradation (2009)

Vehicle design and control is an attractive area of research in that it embodies a convergence of societal need, technical limitation, and emerging capability. Environmental, political, and monetary concerns are driving the automotive industry towards sustainable transportation, manifested as increasing powertrain electrification in a gradual transition to fossil-free energy vectors. From an electrochemical degradation and control systems perspective, this transition introduces significant technical uncertainty. Initial indications are that the initial battery designs will have twice the required capacity due to degradation concerns. As the battery is a major contributor to the cost of these vehicles the over-sizing represents a significant threat to the ability of OEMs to produce cost-competitive vehicles. This potential barrier is further amplified when the combustion engine is removed and battery-electric or fuel-cell hybrid vehicles are considered. \nThis thesis researches the application of model-based design for optimal design of fuel cell hybrid powertrains considering power source degradation. The intent is to develop and evaluate tools that can determine the optimal sizing and control of the powertrain; reducing the amount of over-sizing by numerically optimization rather than a sub-optimal heuristic design. \nA baseline hybrid fuel cell vehicle model is developed and validated to a hybrid fuel cell SUV designed and built at the University of Waterloo. Lithium-ion battery degradation models are developed and validated to data captured off a hybrid powertrain test stand built as part of this research. A fuel cell degradation model is developed and integrated into the vehicle model. \nLifetime performance is modeled for four hybrid control strategies, demonstrating a significant impact of the hybrid control strategy on powertrain degradation. A plug-in variation of the architecture is developed. The capacity degradation of the battery is found to be more significant than the power degradation. Blended and All-electric charge-depleting hybrid control strategies are integrated and lifetime performance is simulated. The blended charge-depleting control strategy demonstrated significantly less degradation than the all-electric strategy. An oversized battery is integrated into the vehicle model and the benefit of oversizing on reducing the battery degradation rate is demonstrated.
Mineral and Metal Neurotoxicology (1996)

Trace minerals and metals such as zinc, copper, and magnesium are accepted as a "natural" part of the human system. Interactions of some elements and/or disturbances in trace-metal or mineral homeostasis can, however, be toxic to the central nervous system (CNS). Mineral and Metal Neurotoxicology describes a wide range of basic and clinical issues