gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band gap engineering by functionalization of BN sheet (2012)

From first principles calculations, we investigate the stability and physical properties of single-layer $h$-BN sheet chemically functionalized by various groups, viz. H, F, OH, CH${}_{3}$, CHO, CN, NH${}_{2}$, etc. We find that full functionalization of $h$-BN sheet with these groups leads to decrease in its electronic band gap, albeit to different magnitudes varying from 0.3 eV to 3.1 eV, depending upon the dopant group. Functionalization by a CHO group in particular leads to a sharp decrease in the electronic band gap of the pristine BN sheet to \ensuremath{\sim}0.3 eV, which is congenial for its usage in transistor-based devices. For the optimized structure of the sheet, the calculated phonon frequencies corresponding to all the vibrational modes turn out to be real (positive), thereby suggesting their inherent stability. The chemisorption energies of these groups with the B and N atoms of the sheet are found to lie in the range of 1.5--6 eV. The optical absorption and conductivity of these functionalized sheets under polarized light are found to be much higher than that of the native BN sheet.
Highly oriented BaTiO<sub>3</sub> film self-assembled using an interfacial strategy and its application as a flexible piezoelectric generator for wind energy harvesting (2015)

A highly oriented BaTiO<sub>3</sub> film was assembled using an interfacial method, and a piezoelectric generator was fabricated to harvest wind energy.
Genomic Basis for Cell-Wall Diversity in Plants. A Comparative Approach to Gene Families in Rice and <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2004)

Monocotyledons and dicotyledons are distinct, not only in their body plans and developmental patterns, but also in the structural features of their cell walls. The recent completion of the rice (Oryza sativa) genomic sequence and publication of the sequence data, together with the completed database of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, provide the first opportunity to compare the full complement of cell-wall-related genes from the two distinct classes of flowering plants. We made this comparison by exploiting the fact that Arabidopsis and rice have type I and type II walls, respectively, and therefore represent the two extremes in terms of the structural features of plant cell walls. In this review article, we classify all cell-wall-related genes into 32 gene families, and generate their phylogenetic trees. Using these data, we can phylogenetically compare individual genes of particular interest between Arabidopsis and rice. This comparative genome approach shows that the differences in wall architecture in the two plant groups actually mirror the diversity of the individual gene families involved in the cell-wall dynamics of the respective plant species. This study also identifies putative rice orthologs of genes with well-defined functions in Arabidopsis and other plant species.
The 16 kB single-cycle read access cache on a next-generation 64 b Itanium microprocessor (2003)

A 16 kB four-ported physically addressed cache to be placed on a 64 b Itanium microprocessor operates at 1.2 GHz with 19.2 GB/s peak bandwidth. Circuit and microarchitectural techniques are optimized to allow a single-cycle read access latency. The cache occupies 3.2×1.8 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.18 μm CMOS process.
Detection of Unknown Computer Worms Activity Based on Computer Behavior using Data Mining (2007)

Detecting unknown worms is a challenging task. Extant solutions, such as anti-virus tools, rely mainly on prior explicit knowledge of specific worm signatures. As a result, after the appearance of a new worm on the Web there is a significant delay until an update carrying the worm's signature is distributed to anti-virus tools. During this time interval a new worm can infect many computers and cause significant damage. We propose an innovative technique for detecting the presence of an unknown worm, not necessarily by recognizing specific instances of the worm, but rather based on the computer measurements. We designed an experiment to test the new technique employing several computer configurations and background applications activity. During the experiments 323 computer features were monitored. Four feature selection techniques were used to reduce the amount of features and four classification algorithms were applied on the resulting feature subsets. Our results indicate that using this approach resulted in exceeding 90% mean accuracy, and for specific unknown worms accuracy reached above 99%, using just 20 features while maintaining a low level of false positive rate.
Import of a Cytosolic Protein into Lysosomes by Chaperone-mediated Autophagy Depends on Its Folding State (2000)

We have analyzed the folding state of cytosolic proteins imported <i>in vitro</i> into lysosomes, using an approach originally developed by Eilers and Schatz, (Eilers, M., and Schatz, G. (1986) <i>Nature</i> 322, 228–232) to investigate protein import into mitochondria. The susceptibility toward proteases of mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), synthesized in a coupled transcription-translation system with rabbit reticulocytes, decreased in the presence of its substrate analogue, methotrexate. This analogue complexes with high affinity with the <i>in vitro</i> synthesized DHFR and locks it into a protease-resistant folded conformation. DHFR was taken up by freshly isolated rat liver lysosomes and methotrexate reduced this uptake by about 80%. A chimeric DHFR protein, which carries the N-terminal presequence of subunit 9 of ATP synthase preprotein from<i>Neurospora crassa</i> fused to its N terminus, was taken up by lysosomes more efficiently. Again, methotrexate abolished the lysosomal uptake of the fusion protein, which was partially restored by washing of methotrexate from DHFR or by adding together methotrexate and dihydrofolate, the natural substrate of DHFR. Immunoblot analysis with anti-DHFR of liver lysosomes and of other fractions, isolated from rats starved for 88 h and treated with lysosomal inhibitors, suggests that DHFR is degraded by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Competition with ribonuclease A and stimulation by ATP/Mg<sup>2+</sup> and the heat shock cognate protein of 73 kDa show that the lysosomal uptake of the fusion protein also occurs by this pathway. It is concluded that the lysosomal uptake of cytosolic proteins by chaperone-mediated autophagy mainly occurs by passage of the unfolded proteins through the lysosomal membrane. Therefore, this mechanism is different from protein transport into peroxisomes, but similar to the import of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
Regulation of p21(WAF1) Expression During Normal Myeloid Differentiation (1998)

The G1-phase cell-cycle inhibitor p21 has been proposed to mediate growth arrest during differentiation. Upregulation of p21 has been shown in multiple cell lines induced to differentiate; however, the mechanism of p21 induction during normal differentiation is largely unknown. In this report, we use normal hematopoietic precursor cells obtained from umbilical cord to model p21 regulation during differentiation. Myeloid maturation of CD34+ precursor cells is associated with a marked increase in p21 expression at the RNA and protein level. The upregulation of p21 transcripts during differentiation is associated with decreased binding to a highly conserved 44-bp fragment within the p21 promoter. This 44-bp regulatory element binds a novel modulator of p21 expression. It is of considerable interest that, although the binding activity is expressed in p53-negative as well as in p53-positive cells, the DNA sequence recognized by this protein overlaps a PuPuPuC(A/T)(T/A)GPyPyPy consensus sequence for p53.
Development and Evaluation of a Prototype Ambient Particle Concentrator for Inhalation Exposure Studies (1995)

A number of studies have underlined the importance of the acute and chronic effects of ambient particles on respiratory health. Because fine particles are capable of penetrating deeply into the respiratory system, most of the health studies have focused on the res-pirable portion of the particle size spectrum. Previous studies to examine exposureJ response relationships between particle exposure and adverse respiratory effects have been based on artificial preparations, or collected and resuspended ambient particles, rather than the natural material found in ambient air. Artificial particles may not be representative, and collected particles may be difficult to redisperse. In addition, the chemical and physical characteristics of ambient particles may change upon resuspension. We have developed a new technique that enables us to increase the concentration of ambient particles to levels about 10 times higher (or more, if desirableJ than their ambient values and supply them to an exposure chamber. Ambient aerosol containing particles in the size range 0.1–2.5 Aim can be concentrated using a series of two slit-nozzle virtual impactors. The intake flow rates are 1 m3Jmin and 200 Umin in the first and second virtual impactors, respectively. The virtual impactors were characterized in terms of their cutpoints and interstage losses using artificial monodisperse fluorescent aerosols as well as indoor ambient aerosols. Since the concentrated particles are maintained airborne, they can be supplied to a human or animal exposure chamber for conduction of exposure studies. The supply flow rate in the prototype concentrator is 40 Umin. Higher flow rates can be achieved by using more than one such system in parallel.
Iris recognition technology (1997)

IriScan Inc. has been developing an identification/verification system capable of positively identifying and verifying the identity of individuals without physical contact or human intervention. A new technology, using the unique patterns of the human iris, shows promise of overcoming previous shortcomings and providing positive identification of an individual without contact or invasion, at extremely high confidence levels. The video-based system locates the eye and iris; evaluates the degree of occlusion by eyelid and spectral reflection; determines the quality of image focus; and determines the center and boundary of the pupil and the limbus (outer edge of the iris) for processing. The iris is zoned, and the features therein measured and encoded into a 256-byte (2048 bit) IrisCode for enrollment or identification. The presented biometric is compared to an extensive database for identification, or to a referenced IrisCode for verification. Computations and decisions are accomplished at extremely high rates of speed, resulting in processing times of less than two seconds. The process is based on the unique nature and extreme richness of the human iris. The multiple features produce a non-duplicable organ with more than 400 degrees of freedom, or measurable variables. The IriScan process typically uses about 200 of these to create a code which can be compared to an entire database in milliseconds, producing a positive identification with "imposter odds" as high as 1 in 10/sup 34/.
Nucleotide sequence of Clostridium difficile toxin A (1990)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of Clostridium difficile toxin A Get access Markus Sauerborn, Markus Sauerborn Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat MainzHochhaus am Augustusplatz, D-6500 Mainz, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christoph von Eichel-Streiber Christoph von Eichel-Streiber Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat MainzHochhaus am Augustusplatz, D-6500 Mainz, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 6, 25 March 1990, Pages 1629–1630, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.6.1629 Published: 25 March 1990 Article history Received: 15 February 1990 Published: 25 March 1990
Signal Classification Based on Cyclostationary Spectral Analysis and HMM/SVM in Cognitive Radio (2009)

Distinction of the type of modulated signals is very important in cognitive radio system. In this paper, a novel approach to signal classification is proposed for cognitive radio. Combining the spectral cyclostationary features, embed SVM into the framework of HMM to construct a hybrid HMM/SVM classifier for signal recognition. The simulation results show that the high performance and robustness of the proposed approach, even in low SNR of -5 dB. Compared to the conventional methods including the classifiers based on HMM or ANN, the proposed approach has a rather higher recognition rate of signals.
Genomic Analysis of Murine Pulmonary Tissue Following Carbonyl Chloride Inhalation (2005)

Carbonyl chloride (phosgene) is a toxic industrial compound widely used in industry for the production of synthetic products, such as polyfoam rubber, plastics, and dyes. Exposure to phosgene results in a latent (1-24 h), potentially life-threatening pulmonary edema and irreversible acute lung injury. A genomic approach was utilized to investigate the molecular mechanism of phosgene-induced lung injury. CD-1 male mice were exposed whole body to either air or a concentration x time amount of 32 mg/m3 (8 ppm) phosgene for 20 min (640 mg x min/m3). Lung tissue was collected from air- or phosgene-exposed mice at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postexposure. RNA was extracted from the lung and used as starting material for the probing of oligonucleotide microarrays to determine changes in gene expression following phosgene exposure. The data were analyzed using principal component analysis to determine the greatest sources of data variability. A three-way analysis of variance based on exposure, time, and sample was performed to identify the genes most significantly changed as a result of phosgene exposure. These genes were rank ordered by p values and categorized based on molecular function and biological process. Some of the most significant changes in gene expression reflect changes in glutathione synthesis and redox regulation of the cell, including upregulation of glutathione S-transferase alpha-2, glutathione peroxidase 2, and glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (also known as gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase). This is in agreement with previous observations describing changes in redox enzyme activity after phosgene exposure. We are also investigating other pathways that are responsive to phosgene exposure to identify mechanisms of toxicity and potential therapeutic targets.
Multi-carrier CDMA system using multi-antenna for indoor wireless communication (2002)

This paper presents a multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system for indoor wireless communication. MC systems using frequency diversity are not useful for typical indoor channels in a frequency nonselective fading environment. This is because the envelopes received by sub-carriers have highly correlated fading patterns with respect to each other. We introduce multiple antenna to the sub-carriers of the MC-CDMA system in order to obtain independent fading patterns. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed and compared with the conventional MC-CDMA system and CDMA system with distributed antenna.
Utilization of a piezoelectric polymer to sense harmonics of electromagnetic torque (2003)

In this paper, the use of a piezoelectric polymer material to measure the harmonics of electromagnetic torque produced by a permanent magnet synchronous machine is described. The advantages of the polymer include low cost, durability, and flexibility. In addition, wide-bandwidth sensors are relatively easy to design and couple to drive system hardware for harmonic evaluation or to use in feedback-based control. To illustrate the use of the polymer, the electrical and mechanical properties of three sensors are described. The results of time-domain simulation and hardware experiments are used to validate that the voltage obtained from the sensors is linearly related to the torque ripple produced by the machine.
Memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal system (1994)

In this text, Neal J. Cohen and Howard Eichenbaum bring together converging findings from neuropsychology, neuroscience and cognitive science that provide the critical clues and constraints for developing a more comprehensive understanding of memory. Specifically, they offer a cognitive neuroscience theory of memory that accounts for the nature of memory impairment exhibited in human amnesia and animal models of amnesia, that specifies the functional role played by the hippocampal system in memory, and that provides further understanding of the componential structure of memory. The authors' central thesis is that the hippocampal system mediates a capacity for declarative memory, the kind of memory that in humans supports conscious recollection and the explicit and flexible expression of memories. They argue that this capacity emerges from a representation of critical relations among items in memory, and that such a relational representation supports the ability to make inferences and generalizations from memory, and to manipulate and flexibly express memory in countless ways. In articulating such a description of the fundamental nature of declarative representation and of the mnemonic capabilities to which it gives rise, the authors' theory constitutes a major extension and elaboration of the earlier procedural-declarative account of memory. Support for this view is taken from a variety of experimental studies of amnesia in humans, non-human primates, and rodents. Additional support is drawn from observations concerning the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the hippocampal system. The data taken from divergent literatures are shown to converge on the cental theme of hippocampal involvement in declarative memory across species and across behavioural paradigms.
Bench-to-bedside review: Carbon monoxide – from mitochondrial poisoning to therapeutic use (2009)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated during incomplete combustion of carbon-containing compounds and leads to acute and chronic toxicity in animals and humans depending on the concentration and exposure time. In addition to exogenous sources, CO is also produced endogenously by the activity of heme oxygenases (HOs) and the physiological significance of HO-derived CO has only recently emerged. CO exerts vasoactive, anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and contributes substantially to the important role of the inducible isoform HO-1 as a mediator of tissue protection and host defense. Exogenous application of low doses of gaseous CO might provide a powerful tool to protect organs and tissues under various stress conditions. Experimental evidence strongly suggests a beneficial effect under pathophysiological conditions such as organ transplantation, ischemia/reperfusion, inflammation, sepsis, or shock states. The cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating CO effects are only partially characterized. So far, only a few studies in humans are available, which, however, do not support the promising results observed in experimental studies. The protective effects of exogenous CO may strongly depend on the pathological condition, the mode, time point and duration of application, the administered concentration, and on the target tissue and cell. Differences in bioavailability of endogenous CO production and exogenous CO supplementation might also provide an explanation for the lack of protective effects observed in some experimental and clinical studies. Further randomized, controlled clinical studies are needed to clarify whether exogenous application of CO may turn into a safe and effective preventive and therapeutic strategy to treat pathophysiological conditions associated with inflammatory or oxidative stress.
Analysis of database performance with dynamic locking (1990)

A detailed model of a transaction processing system with dynamic locking is developed and analyzed. Transaction classes are distinguished on the basis of the number of data items accessed and the access mode (read-only/update). The performance of the system is affected by transaction blocking and restarts, due to lock conflicts that do not or do cause deadlocks, respectively. The probability of these events is determined by the characteristics of transactions and the database access pattern. Hardware resource contention due to concurrent transaction processing is taken into account by specifying the throughput characteristic of the computer system for processing transactions when there is no data contention. A solution method based on decomposition is developed to analyze the system, and also used as the basis of an iterative scheme with reduced computational cost. The analysis to estimate the probability of lock conflicts and deadlocks is based on the mean number of locks held by transactions. These probabilities are used to derive the state transition probabilities for the Markov chain specifying the transitions among the system states. The decomposition solution method and the associated iterative scheme are shown to be more accurate than previously defined methods for dynamic locking through validation against simulation results. Several important conclusions regarding the behavior of dynamic locking systems are derived from parametric studies.
The analysis of fields and torques in spherical induction motors (1987)

The advent of robotics and automated manufacturing processes has brought about an urgent need for novel electromechanical transducers with unusual design and performance characteristics. Operating flexibility, ruggedness, size, force-to-weight ratio, and robust control capabilities are design attributes which place a heavy burden on conventional machines used for manipulation purposes. The spherical induction motor is an electromechanical drive which holds considerable promise in these application areas. A general analysis of both the fields and resultant forces generic to the spherical induction motor is presented. The analysis properly accounts for the diffusion of the magnetic field with changing frequency and motor speed. To aid in the prediction and conceptualization of the torque and commensurate motor losses, normalized plots of these parameters are given for various limiting values of skin depth ratio to conductor thickness. Results indicate that the device is capable of continuous speed control and efficient torque production.