gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyimidothioethers (1976)

Abstract The condensation of maleimide compounds with hydrogen sulfide and bisthiols was studied in several model systems. Bismaleimide compounds undergo rapid, exothermic polymerization with thiol‐containing compounds in dipolar and basic solvents to give crosslinked polymidothioethers. Effective supression of the crosslinking reaction was achieved by carrying out the polymerization in the presence of a proton donor to inhibit anionic polymerization. A number of linear polyimidothioether homopolymers and copolymers were prepared and a study was made of their properties.
Eosinophil Peroxidase-derived Reactive Brominating Species Target the Vinyl Ether Bond of Plasmalogens Generating a Novel Chemoattractant, α-Bromo Fatty Aldehyde (2003)

Plasmalogens are a subclass of glycerophospholipids that are enriched in the plasma membrane of many mammalian cells. The vinyl ether bond of plasmalogens renders them susceptible to oxidation. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that reactive brominating species, a unique oxidant formed at the sites of eosinophil activation, such as in asthma, might selectively target plasmalogens for oxidation. Here we show that reactive brominating species produced by the eosinophil peroxidase system of activated eosinophils attack the vinyl ether bond of plasmalogens. Reactive brominating species produced by eosinophil peroxidase target the vinyl ether bond of plasmalogens resulting in the production of a neutral lipid and lysophosphatidylcholine. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of this neutral lipid demonstrated that it was 2-bromohexadecanal (2-BrHDA). Reactive brominating species produced by eosinophil peroxidase attacked the plasmalogen vinyl ether bond at acidic pH. Bromide was the preferred substrate for eosinophil peroxidase, and chloride was not appreciably used even at a 1000-fold molar excess. Furthermore, 2-BrHDA production elicited by eosinophil peroxidase-derived reactive brominating species in the presence of 100 microM NaBr doubled with the addition of 100 mM NaCl. The potential physiological significance of this pathway was suggested by the demonstration that 2-BrHDA was produced by phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated eosinophils and by the demonstration that 2-BrHDA is a phagocyte chemoattractant. Taken together, the present studies demonstrate the targeting of the vinyl ether bond of plasmalogens by the reactive brominating species produced by eosinophil peroxidase and by activated eosinophils, resulting in the production of brominated fatty aldehydes.
The Evaluation of Casualties from Operation Iraqi Freedom on Return to the Continental United States from March to June 2003 (2005)

Followup surgical procedures were urgently or emergently required in 43% of admitted battlefield casualties from OIF on transfer to Level V care in the continental United States. The injury pattern of wounds from this engagement is described. The Walter Reed Army Medical Center system of incoming battlefield casualty evaluation using multidisciplinary teams is successful in expediting care and ensuring evaluation of the full range of potential injuries.
Comprehensive and Facile Synthesis of Some Functionalized Bis-Heterocyclic Compounds Containing a Thieno[2,3-b]thiophene Motif (2012)

A comprehensive and facile method for the synthesis of new functionalized bis-heterocyclic compounds containing a thieno[2,3-b]thiophene motif is described. The hitherto unknown bis-pyrazolothieno[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives 2a-c, bis-pyridazin othieno[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives 4, bis-pyridinothieno[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives 6a,b, and to an analogous bis-pyridinothieno[2,3-b]thiophene nitrile derivatives 7 are obtained. Additionally, the novel bis-pyradazinonothieno[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives 9, and nicotinic acid derivatives 10, 11 are obtained via bis-dienamide 8. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds have been elucidated by (1)H, (13)C NMR, GCMS, and IR spectrometry. These compounds represent a new class of sulfur and Nitrogen containing heterocycles that should also be of interest as new materials.
Crystal Palaces—Diatoms for Engineers (2005)

A survey of diatom research from the mid-19th century to modern times shows that it has always been closely linked to technological (especially: imaging) progress. Perfection of the light-microscope led to a plethora of studies which--whilst being mostly of a descriptive nature--furnished a solid basis for informative practical applications in biostratigraphy and ecology, for instance. When the electron-microscope (transmission- and scanning-) was invented, diatoms belonged to the very first objects examined and this led to attempts at a more profound structural, functional and morphogenetic interpretation of these fascinating natural Crystal Palaces.
Bargaining for European Union Farm Policy Reform through U.S. Pesticide Restrictions (1999)

Future trade negotiations will incorporate environmental concerns. This study presents a framework to evaluate whether the United States would be willing to adopt a pesticide restriction in exchange for European Union liberalization of producer support. It outlines the conditions that must be met if a bargain is to occur. Partial equilibrium commodity models test whether the conditions for a bargaining solution are satisfied. The research results indicate that a potential bargain is possible for stricter U.S. environmental regulations in coarse grains if there is a sufficiently large positive EU externality. Conditions in the oilseed market preclude a bargain.
The Synthesis of (3'-Oxo-3',4'-Dihydro-2'h-1',4'-Benzothiazin-2'-Yl)Acetic Acid and (3'-Oxo-3',4'-Dihydro-2'h-1',4'-Benzoxazin-2'-Yl)Acetic Acid-Derivatives (1986)

Reaction of o-aminophenol with various maleic anhydrides gave first 2-hydroxymaleanilic acids (4-(2'-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acids) (1), which were then converted into the 3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazines (2d-h) and (3f-1) under mild basic conditions; similarly the reaction of o- aminothiophenol with the maleic anhydrides gave the 3-oxo-1,4-benzothiazines (2a), (3a) and (3d) in one step. The facile cycloaddition and esterification of 2-hydroxymaleanilic acids to form the benzoxazines observed in this work is discussed in terms of the formation of the isomaleimide type intermediate (7).
Bridged Polycatenane (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTBridged PolycatenaneNobuhiro Watanabe, Yoshihiro Ikari, Nobuhiro Kihara, and Toshikazu TakataView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 18, 6663–6666Publication Date (Web):August 12, 2004Publication History Received20 June 2004Revised21 July 2004Published online12 August 2004Published inissue 1 September 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma048782uCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1025Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (118 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catenanes,Chemical structure,Gel permeation chromatography,Polymerization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Response time for a high-current superconducting switch (1986)

The classic treatment of the heat transfer from a current-carrying thin film to a substrate at 4.2 K was found for the case of a superconducting thin film used as an electric switch. THe calculations were then extended to the case of He II cooling (2.17 K) for which the Kapitza resistance can no longer be neglected. The result of these calculations is the thermal response time for the switch due to a pulsed heat source.
Ethnobotanical Drug Discovery Based on Medicine Men's Trials in the African Savanna: Screening of East African Plants for Antimicrobial Activity II (1993)

Antimicrobial activity of a number of East African plants was evaluated. The plants collected based on information provided by medicine men showed a much higher probability of finding active extracts than the plants collected randomly.
Review of Catalysts for Tar Elimination in Biomass Gasification Processes (2004)

A project is carried out to develop a process for tar elimination downstream of a gasifier making use of cheap and active materials as catalysts. In the first stage of the project, screening of catalysts was carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. The results of the fixed-bed experiments will be used in the design of the process. This paper presents a review of the various types of catalysts that have been used in several research works to reduce the tars in the producer gas derived from the biomass gasification process. The catalysts are divided into two classes according to their production method: minerals and synthetic catalysts. A summary of the review and recommendations for good catalyst candidates and future work are also provided.
Time Series Decomposition Using Singular Spectrum Analysis (2014)

Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is a method for decomposing and forecasting time series that recently has had major developments but it is not yet routinely included in introductory time series courses. An international conference on the topic was held in Beijing in 2012. The basic SSA method decomposes a time series into trend, seasonal component and noise. However there are other more advanced extensions and applications of the method such as change-point detection or the treatment of multivariate time series. The purpose of this work is to understand the basic SSA method through its application to the monthly average sea temperature in a point of the coast of South America, near where “EI Ni˜no” phenomenon originates, and to artificial time series simulated using harmonic functions. The output of the basic SSA method is then compared with that of other decomposition methods such as classic seasonal decomposition, X-11 decomposition using moving averages and seasonal decomposition by Loess (STL) that are included in some time series courses.
Reversal of wound strength retardation by addition of insulin to corticosteroid therapy. (1985)

Corticosteroids are known to retard the healing of corneal stromal wounds as well as to have positive anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to see if the addition of insulin to dexamethasone, administered subconjunctivally bid, would maintain dexamethasone's anti-inflammatory effect without inhibiting the healing (as measured by the wound bursting pressure) of a laboratory-inflicted 3-mm through-and-through central incision in the rabbit cornea. The results of a study involving 43 animals (86 eyes) showed the wounds to be significantly stronger in the insulin/dexamethasone-treated eyes than in the dexamethasone-treated eyes. The same anti-inflammatory effect was achieved with either protocol. Its mechanism of action is undetermined.
Study of Nanoparticle–Surfactant-Stabilized Foam as a Fracturing Fluid (2015)

The development of hydraulic fracturing has created a huge demand for fracturing fluids with high performance and low formation damage in recent years. In this paper, a foam stabilized by partially hydrophobic modified SiO2 nanoparticles and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) was studied as a fracturing fluid. The properties of SiO2/SDBS foam such as rheology, proppant suspension, filtration, and core damage were investigated. The experimental data showed that the stability and thermal adaptability of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) foam increased when silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were added. The surface tension of SDBS dispersion almost did not change after SiO2 nanoparticles were added; however, the dilational viscoelasticity of the interface increased, indicating that the SiO2 nanoparticles attached to the interface and formed a stronger viscoelasticity layer to resist the external disturbance. The proppant settling velocity in the SiO2/SDBS foam was found to be 2 orders of magnitude lower than that in a pure SDBS foam. The total leakoff coefficient of the SiO2/SDBS foam was found to be lower than that of an SDBS foam. Although the core damage ratio of the SiO2/SDBS foam was slightly larger than that of an SDBS foam, compared to GEL/SDBS, the core damage caused by the SiO2/SDBS foam remained at a low level. SiO2 nanoparticle–surfactant-stabilized foam is superior to a surfactant-stabilized foam and causes lower core permeability damage than a gel–surfactant-stabilized foam. It is recommended for use in hydraulic fracturing, particularly for fracturing stimulation in tight and shale gas reservoirs.
AdaM: An adaptive monitoring framework for sampling and filtering on IoT devices (2015)

Real-time data processing while the velocity and volume of data generated keep increasing, as well as, energy-efficiency are great challenges of big data streaming which have transitioned to the Internet of Things (IoT) realm. In this paper, we introduce AdaM, a lightweight adaptive monitoring framework for smart battery-powered IoT devices with limited processing capabilities. AdaM, inexpensively and in place dynamically adapts the monitoring intensity and the amount of data disseminated through the network based on the current evolution and variability of the metric stream. Results on real-world testbeds, show that AdaM achieves a balance between efficiency and accuracy. Specifically, AdaM is capable of reducing data volume by 74%, energy consumption by at least 71%, while preserving a greater than 89% accuracy.
Design of a second generation firewire based data acquisition system for small animal PET scanners (2008)

The University of Washington developed a Firewire based data acquisition system for the MiCES small animal PET scanner. Development work has continued on new imaging scanners that require more data channels and need to be able to operate within a MRI imaging system. To support these scanners, we have designed a new version of our data acquisition system that leverages the capabilities of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The new design preserves the basic approach of the original system, but puts almost all functions into the FPGA, including the Firewire elements, the embedded processor, and pulse timing and pulse integration. The design has been extended to support implementation of the position estimation and DOl algorithms developed for the cMiCE detector module. The design is centered around an acquisition node board (ANB) that includes 65 ADC channels, Firewire 1394b support, the FPGA, a serial command bus and signal lines to support a rough coincidence window implementation to reject singles events from being sent on the Firewire bus. Adapter boards convert detector signals into differential paired signals to connect to the ANB.
DroidFuzzer (2013)

The Android system is getting more and more popular on the mobile devices. Thus, lots of apps have sprung up to facilitate people's daily life. However, many of the apps are released without sufficient testing work, so the users encounter a sudden app crash now and then. This will undoubtedly impact the user's experience and even lead to economic loss. Because current testing tools on Android apps mainly focus on the motion event on the screen, like click event, bugs concerned with data handling module in an app is neglected. In this paper, we propose an automated testing method to fuzz testing the Android apps. The test targets are the Activities which accept outside MIME data. These Activities are picked out by analyzing the Intent-filter tag in the AndroidManifest.xml file. An automated fuzzing tool, DroidFuzzer, is implemented based on the method. Finally, experiments are conducted to prove the effectiveness of it.
Operon for Biosynthesis of Lipstatin, the Beta-Lactone Inhibitor of Human Pancreatic Lipase (2014)

Lipstatin, isolated from Streptomyces toxytricini as a potent and selective inhibitor of human pancreatic lipase, is a precursor for tetrahydrolipstatin (also known as orlistat, Xenical, and Alli), the only FDA-approved antiobesity medication for long-term use. Lipstatin features a 2-hexyl-3,5-dihydroxy-7,10-hexadecadienoic-β-lactone structure with an N-formyl-l-leucine group attached as an ester to the 5-hydroxy group. It has been suggested that the α-branched 3,5-dihydroxy fatty acid β-lactone moiety of lipstatin in S. toxytricini is derived from Claisen condensation between two fatty acid substrates, which are derived from incomplete oxidative degradation of linoleic acid based on feeding experiments. In this study, we identified a six-gene operon (lst) that was essential for the biosynthesis of lipstatin by large-deletion, complementation, and single-gene knockout experiments. lstA, lstB, and lstC, which encode two β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III homologues and an acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetase homologue, were indicated to be responsible for the generation of the α-branched 3,5-dihydroxy fatty acid backbone. Subsequently, the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene lstE and the putative formyltransferase gene lstF were involved in decoration of the α-branched 3,5-dihydroxy fatty acid chain with an N-formylated leucine residue. Finally, the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-homologous gene lstD might be responsible for the reduction of the β-keto group of the biosynthetic intermediate, thereby facilitating the formation of the unique β-lactone ring.
Antisense suppression of transferrin receptor gene expression in a human hepatoma cell (HuH‐7) line (1993)

A recombinant plasmid carrying human transferrin receptor cDNA in reverse orientation downstream from the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter/enhancer element was introduced into the HuH-7 human hepatoma cell line by lipofection. Cell surface transferrin binding and iron uptake from transferrin each decreased by about 50% in stable transfectants bearing integrated antisense DNA expression vector. Northern blot analysis indicated that the abundance of target transferrin receptor message was not altered by antisense RNA. These results suggest that the antisense transcript interferes with expression of the endogenous transferrin receptor gene at the level of translation.
Isolated internal jugular vein thrombosis: risk factors and natural history (2002)

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) involving the upper extremities, chest, and neck has become appreciated as a significant cause of morbidity, especially in individuals with central venous access devices (CVAD). Like DVT involving the leg and pelvic veins, axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis can result in pulmonary embolism, post-thrombotic syndrome, and venous limb gangrene. Data relating to the natural history of internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVT) is lacking. Risk factors, treatment patterns, and clinically relevant outcomes were retrospectively assessed in 74 consecutive patients with isolated IJVT. All patients (median age 66 years; range 36-80) had CVAD-associated IJVT, 22 (29.7%) had a history of cancer, and 14 (18.9%) had a history of prior DVT. Thirty-two (43.2%) were treated with systemic anticoagulation, 2 (2.7%) received a superior vena cava filter, and 40 (54.1%) received no specific therapy. Of the patients who underwent serial imaging, 7/40 (17.5%) had thrombus propagation. Two (2.7%) patients were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, 8 (10.8%) were diagnosed with malignancy during a median follow-up of 20 months (range 18-24), and 3/53 (5.7%) suffered a recurrent DVT. Outcomes similar to those seen in leg DVT were observed. The most effective treatment strategy remains to be determined, but anticoagulant treatment was associated with a trend towards reduced all-cause mortality.
Mutual information registration of multi-spectral and multi-resolution images of DigitalGlobe's WorldView-3 imaging satellite (2017)

WorldView-3 (WV-3) is a DigitalGlobe commercial, high resolution, push-broom imaging satellite with three instruments: visible and near-infrared VNIR consisting of panchromatic (0.3m nadir GSD) plus multi-spectral (1.2m), short-wave infrared SWIR (3.7m), and multi-spectral CAVIS (30m). Nine VNIR bands, which are on one instrument, are nearly perfectly registered to each other, whereas eight SWIR bands, belonging to the second instrument, are misaligned with respect to VNIR and to each other. Geometric calibration and ortho-rectification results in a VNIR/SWIR alignment which is accurate to approximately 0.75 SWIR pixel at 3.7m GSD, whereas inter-SWIR, band to band registration is 0.3 SWIR pixel. Numerous high resolution, spectral applications, such as object classification and material identification, require more accurate registration, which can be achieved by utilizing image processing algorithms, for example Mutual Information (MI). Although MI-based co-registration algorithms are highly accurate, implementation details for automated processing can be challenging. One particular challenge is how to compute bin widths of intensity histograms, which are fundamental building blocks of MI. We solve this problem by making the bin widths proportional to instrument shot noise. Next, we show how to take advantage of multiple VNIR bands, and improve registration sensitivity to image alignment. To meet this goal, we employ Canonical Correlation Analysis, which maximizes VNIR/SWIR correlation through an optimal linear combination of VNIR bands. Finally we explore how to register images corresponding to different spatial resolutions. We show that MI computed at a low-resolution grid is more sensitive to alignment parameters than MI computed at a high-resolution grid. The proposed modifications allow us to improve VNIR/SWIR registration to better than ¼ of a SWIR pixel, as long as terrain elevation is properly accounted for, and clouds and water are masked out.
A highly shape-adaptive, stretchable design based on conductive liquid for energy harvesting and self-powered biomechanical monitoring (2016)

The rapid growth of deformable and stretchable electronics calls for a deformable and stretchable power source. We report a scalable approach for energy harvesters and self-powered sensors that can be highly deformable and stretchable. With conductive liquid contained in a polymer cover, a shape-adaptive triboelectric nanogenerator (saTENG) unit can effectively harvest energy in various working modes. The saTENG can maintain its performance under a strain of as large as 300%. The saTENG is so flexible that it can be conformed to any three-dimensional and curvilinear surface. We demonstrate applications of the saTENG as a wearable power source and self-powered sensor to monitor biomechanical motion. A bracelet-like saTENG worn on the wrist can light up more than 80 light-emitting diodes. Owing to the highly scalable manufacturing process, the saTENG can be easily applied for large-area energy harvesting. In addition, the saTENG can be extended to extract energy from mechanical motion using flowing water as the electrode. This approach provides a new prospect for deformable and stretchable power sources, as well as self-powered sensors, and has potential applications in various areas such as robotics, biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology, and entertainment.