gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pervaporation behavior of asymmetric sulfonated polysulfones and sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) membranes (2000)

The sulfonation of polymers and the pervaporation behavior of asymmetric polymeric membranes are described in this study. We confirmed that the sulfonic acid group was successively introduced into the polymer chain by FTIR and 1H-NMR characterization. The phase diagram indicated that the modified polymer could have water tolerance, implying that the polymer–solvent miscibility was lower. The hyperthin skin layer, suitable for pervaporation, depended on the NMP–DGDE composition, which was important for the fabrication of an asymmetric membrane with high water permeance. The asymmetric membrane exhibited water selectivities equal to or slightly lower than those determined for the dense film. The hyperthin skin layer, which had hardly any defects, was possibly formed by the phase-inversion method. It is obvious that these membranes can be used for the industrial pervaporation process. The permeability and the selectivity of the water–butanol mixture for the asymmetric membranes at 50°C were measured. The permeation rates for water–butanol in the asymmetric membrane were about 80 times greater than those of film, and the separation factor was slightly lower. The NMP–DGDE solvent system might be suitable for a high permeation rate. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 787–798, 2000
Designing a Battery-Less Piezoelectric based Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit with 300 mV Startup Voltage (2013)

This paper presents a designing a battery-less piezoelectric based energy harvesting interface circuits with 300mV step-up voltage. A technique (i.e., DC-DC Step-Up converter) has chosen for designing the startup voltage with low voltage energy (i.e., 300mV). The proposed method consumes very little power, and is especially suitable for the ambient environmental source, where energy harvested power is very low. The energy harvesting interface circuit consists of MOSFET bridge ac-dc rectifier, voltage regulator, dc-dc step-up converter and an energy storage device with capacitor at the output terminal, replacing this by external battery. This paper will study results these important issues regarding the efficiencies of the energy harvesting power conversion interface circuits considering the storage device low voltage. The achievement of our development circuit is able to boost up minimum 1.67 V for input DC voltage of 300mV. The overall circuit efficiency is greater than 80% following the simulation results. This research has focused on the application of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and bio-medical device can be operated without battery.
Visual SLAM in Human Populated Environments: Exploring the Trade-off between Accuracy and Speed of YOLO and Mask R-CNN (2019)

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a fundamental problem in mobile robotics. However, the majority of Visual SLAM algorithms assume a static scenario, limiting their applicability in real-world environments. Dealing with dynamic content in Visual SLAM is still an open problem, with solutions usually relying on direct or feature-based methods. Deep learning techniques can improve the SLAM solution in environments with a priori dynamic objects, providing high-level information of the scene. This paper presents a new approach to SLAM in human populated environments using deep learning-based techniques. The system is built on ORB-SLAM2, a state-of-the-art SLAM system. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a benchmark dataset, outperforming other Visual SLAM methods in highly dynamic scenarios.
Purification to homogeneity and general properties of a novel phosphodiesterase hydrolyzing cyclic CMP and cyclic AMP. (1981)

A cytidine 3'5'-monophosphate (cyclic CMP) phosphodiesterase was purified more than 10,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from the pig liver extract by the steps of pH and ammonium sulfate fractionations, and DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100, and 8-HzN(CH&NHcyclic AMP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatographies.The preparation appeared as a single protein band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a M, of 33,000 & 400.The enzyme was an acidic protein, as indicated by an isoelectric point of about pH 4.6 and a high content of acidic amino acids.It had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.7 S and a Stokes radius of 24.0 f 1.3 A. It had a frictional ratio (f/f,,) of 1.1, indicating the enzyme is of a globular nature.The M, of the enzyme was also determined to be 31,000 2 3,200 by gel filtration and 36,500 by calculation from sedimentation coefficient and Stokes radius.The purified enzyme lacked absolute substrate specificity, hydrolyzing both cyclic CMP and cyclic AMP to a comparable degree and, to a lesser extent, cyclic GMP.The apparent K, for cyclic CMP (182 f 8 pM) was higher than the apparent K,,, for cyclic AMP (25 & 3 pM).The V,, (micromoles hydrolyzed/min/mg of enzyme) of the enzyme for cyclic CMP (4.1 -+ 0.2) was
Standards of Living and International Trade Competition (1937)

HE PROPOSITION THAT any external assistance given to industrial development in Far Eastern countries must be limited by the need of industry elsewhere for protection against unfair competition from the products of cheap labor has been so widely affirmed and accepted as to appear to many now little more than a platitude. There is no doubt that such protection will be claimed, but many well-intentioned people, sincerely believing themselves to be firm friends of Far Eastern economic development, have far too hastily accepted at face value the dubious reasoning upon which the claim is based. The first natural reaction to the threat of competition is simply to exclude from the markets which one is able to control, by means of tariffs or otherwise, the inconvenient competing goods. The humanitarian, finding this method too brutal and undiscriminating, often turns hopefully to the device of raising wage levels and labor standards. By this means he hopes to get the best of both worlds, to satisfy what he rightly regards as the legitimate claims of Far Eastern people for opportunities for economic advancement, and at the same time to allay the apprehensions of Westerners who fear unfair competition. The humanitarian forgets, however, that if Far Eastern countries can still, after their wage levels have been raised, compete successfully, the Westerner whom he is anxious to help will be no better off. It may have been the case that Japanese capitalists were able to reserve for themselves an unduly large share of the benefits of rapid Japanese industrialization. When production and market conditions are changing rapidly, it is not unusual for a considerable time to elapse before wage rates settle at their proper level. It would have been all to the good if appropriate wage adjustments had been made in Japan with the least possible delay, but the mere transfer of part of the profits of Japanese industry from capitalists to wage-earner would not have affected the price of Japanese goods, and therefore would not have diminished Japanese competitive strength.
Broad band PCB probes for near field measurements (2017)

This paper presents a miniaturized near field shielded magnetic probe, fabricated using low cost printed circuit board technology. The probe performance is calibrated and validated from 1MHz–1GHz. The probe is fabricated on an FR4 substrate of thickness 0.8mm and consists of 3 layers with the signal in the middle layer and top and bottom layers dedicated to ground planes. The aperture size of the loop is 800um × 800um. The comparison of the near field scan of the proposed probe with the conventional probe is given in the specified frequency band of operation.
Designing conditions for <i>in vitro</i> formation of amyloid protofilaments and fibrils (1999)

We have been able to convert a small alpha/beta protein, acylphosphatase, from its soluble and native form into insoluble amyloid fibrils of the type observed in a range of pathological conditions. This was achieved by allowing slow growth in a solution containing moderate concentrations of trifluoroethanol. When analyzed with electron microscopy, the protein aggregate present in the sample after long incubation times consisted of extended, unbranched filaments of 30-50 A in width that assemble subsequently into higher order structures. This fibrillar material possesses extensive beta-sheet structure as revealed by far-UV CD and IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the fibrils exhibit Congo red birefringence, increased fluorescence with thioflavine T and cause a red-shift of the Congo red absorption spectrum. All of these characteristics are typical of amyloid fibrils. The results indicate that formation of amyloid occurs when the native fold of a protein is destabilized under conditions in which noncovalent interactions, and in particular hydrogen bonding, within the polypeptide chain remain favorable. We suggest that amyloid formation is not restricted to a small number of protein sequences but is a property common to many, if not all, natural polypeptide chains under appropriate conditions.
Adaptive link-level error recovery mechanisms in Bluetooth (2002)

Bluetooth is a universal short-range radio link for high-speed wireless communications. One critical issue in wireless communication systems is the efficient encoding of data to ensure correctness in the presence of noise and multipath fading. Bluetooth provides two techniques to handle link-level transmission errors: automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC). We propose an adaptive hybrid ARQ/FEC scheme to enhance the data throughput over Bluetooth based on observed error rates. Simulation results show that the adaptive ARQ/FEC coding scheme significantly improves the data performance of Bluetooth wireless communication systems compared to stationary ARQ/FEC schemes which do not take the channel conditions into account.
From Poster to Mobile Calendar: An Event Reminder using Mobile OCR (2019)

Technological innovations are the foundation of new services today. Successful services address real-life issues that help people manage life more conveniently using relevant technologies. Currently, images are a part of daily life. People are often taking pictures of different posters for different events as exhibitions, workshops, conferences, etc., with their mobile. Unfortunately, sometimes these pictures are forgotten and events’ dates expire. As consequence, people miss events they were interested in. Hence, with the vision to provide technology-powered services, affordable and turnkey applications, this paper presents Event-Reminder, a fully automated lightweight reminder system builds upon a mobile offline OCR (Optical Character Recognition) with touch interaction making some daily tasks easier. Event-Reminder is a mobile application that would recognize the images’ text content, extract event’s date and venue and upload this event information automatically to mobile calendar in order to remind the user about the event at proper time. A prototype system is introduced in this paper.
Metal‐nanoparticle plasmonics (2008)

Abstract The rapid emergence of nanoplasmonics as a novel technology has been driven by recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, and understanding of metal‐nanoparticle systems. In this review, we highlight some of the key advances in each of these areas. We emphasize the basic physical understanding and experimental techniques that will enable a new generation of applications in nano‐optics.
Bone grafts and biomaterials substitutes for bone defect repair: A review (2017)

Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects, delayed union or non-union, and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time, despite the emergency of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Nevertheless, the integration of allogeneic grafts and synthetic substitutes with host bone was found jeopardized in long-term follow-up studies. Hence, the enhancement of osteointegration of these grafts and substitutes with host bone is considerably important. To address this problem, addition of various growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and platelet rich plasma (PRP), into structural allografts and synthetic substitutes have been considered. Although clinical applications of these factors have exhibited good bone formation, their further application was limited due to high cost and potential adverse side effects. Alternatively, bioinorganic ions such as magnesium, strontium and zinc are considered as alternative of osteogenic biological factors. Hence, this paper aims to review the currently available bone grafts and bone substitutes as well as the biological and bio-inorganic factors for the treatments of bone defect.
On minimum-bend single row routing (2003)

The objective function of the problem is to minimize the number of doglegs (or bends) per net. The approach is based on graph-theoretic representation in which an instance of the single row routing problem is represented by three graphs: an overlap graph, a containment graph, and an interval graph. Using this graph representation, three algorithms are developed. It is shown that the algorithms have very tight performance bounds. In particular, it is proved that the maximum number of doglegs per net is bounded by O(k), where k is the size of the maximum clique in a certain graph representing the problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cholestyramine Promotes Receptor-Mediated Low-Density-Lipoprotein Catabolism (1980)

We studied the influence of cholestyramine (24 g per day) on receptor-mediated and receptor-independent low-density-lipoprotein catabolism in five women with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Cholestyramine lowered the level of circulating low-density-lipoprotein apoprotein by doubling (P less than 0.01) its fractional clearance via the receptor path, but fractional catabolism by the receptor-independent route remained unchanged. Moreover, although the absolute rate of catabolism of the apoprotein was not affected by treatment, the amounts handled by each pathway altered. Catabolism via the physiologically controllable receptor route increased by 71 per cent (P less than 0.05), but there was a 12 per cent drop in clearance by the nonreceptor pathway. These data demonstrate the utility of cholestyramine in promoting low-density-lipoprotein catabolism via its specific physiologic clearance pathway. They also show that heterozygotes with familial hypercholesterolemia can increase the activity of their low-density-lipoprotein receptors when presented with an appropriate stimulus.
A set of X-ray test objects for image quality control in digital subtraction fluorography. I: design considerations (1987)

A set of X-ray test objects has been developed for quality control in digital subtraction fluorography (DSF). Factors which can be assessed include dynamic range, highlight overload and signal-to-noise ratio, low contrast sensitivity, unsharpness, and systematic misregistration. These test objects complement, both in design and calibration, those previously developed to evaluate the imaging performance of television fluoroscopy and small-format fluorography systems. In this article, the first of two, we describe the Leeds DSF test objects, paying particular attention to the reasoning behind their design.
The TiNi shape-memory alloy and its applications for MEMS (1998)

The shape-memory effect is a solid state phenomenon which exploits a reversible phase transformation to repeatedly achieve an initial shape, even after some deformation of the material. Numerous metal alloys exhibit this effect. One of the most widely used shape-memory alloys is TiNi, due to its large range of recoverable deformations and its relative ease of processing. In bulk and wire form, TiNi has been applied to a number of applications, and as a thin film, TiNi is an excellent material for use as a microactuator in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), due to its large recovery forces and high recoverable strains. Several TiNi-actuated MEMS devices have already been reported.
A coherent detection scheme for the uplink channel in a CDMA system (2002)

In a joint European research effort, code division multiple access is studied as a possible candidate for future mobile systems. In the paper a coherent detection scheme is described which uses only a modest overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plexin-A4 negatively regulates T lymphocyte responses (2008)

Semaphorins and their receptors play crucial roles not only in axon guidance during neuronal development but also in the regulation of immune responses. Plexin-A4, a member of the plexin-A subfamily, forms a receptor complex with neuropilins and transduces signals for class III semaphorins in the nervous system. Although plexin-A4 is also expressed in the lymphoid tissues, the involvement of plexin-A4 in immune responses remains unknown. To explore the role of plexin-A4 in the immune system, we analyzed immune responses in plexin-A4-deficient (plexin-A4-/-) mice. Among immune cells, plexin-A4 mRNA was detected in T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages but not in B cells and NK cells. Plexin-A4-/- mice had normal numbers and cell surface markers for each lymphocyte subset, suggesting that plexin-A4 is not essential for lymphocyte development. However, plexin-A4-/- mice exhibited enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses and heightened sensitivity to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Plexin-A4-/- T cells exhibited hyperproliferative responses to anti-CD3 stimulation and to allogeneic dendritic cells in vitro. Furthermore, this hyperproliferation was also observed in both T cells from neuropilin-1 mutant (npn-1(Sema-)) mice, in which the binding site of class III semaphorins is disrupted, and T cells from Sema3A-deficient (Sema-3A-/-) mice. Collectively, these results suggest that plexin-A4, as a component of the receptor complex for class III semaphorins, negatively regulates T cell-mediated immune responses.
Analysis and optimization of Q-switched operation of a Tm /sup 3+/ -doped silica fiber laser operating at 2 μm (2003)

Analysis and operation of a Q-switched Tm/sup 3+/-doped silica fiber laser in the wavelength region of 2 μm is described when pumped with a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.319 μm. A large core of 17-μm diameter was used to increase the laser gain volume, allowing high pump-power absorption and an output of high pulse energy and peak power. An acoustooptic modulator was used as Q-switching element and operated at repetition rates up to 30 kHz. A maximum peak output power of greater than 4 kW and a pulse duration at full-width at half-maximum of 150 ns has been obtained. This is the first report of high peak-power operation of the thulium-doped silica fiber laser.
Neurofibromin physically interacts with the N‐terminal domain of focal adhesion kinase (2009)

The NF1 gene that is altered in patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) encodes a neurofibromin protein that functions as a tumor suppressor. In this report, we show for the first time physical interaction between neurofibromin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the protein that localizes at focal adhesions. We show that neurofibromin associates with the N-terminal domain of FAK, and that the C-terminal domain of neurofibromin directly interacts with FAK. Confocal microscopy demonstrates colocalization of NF1 and FAK in the cytoplasm, perinuclear and nuclear regions inside the cells. Nf1+/+ MEF cells expressed less cell growth during serum deprivation conditions, and adhered less on collagen and fibronectin-treated plates than Nf1(-/-) MEF cells, associated with changes in actin and FAK staining. In addition, Nf1+/+ MEF cells detached more significantly than Nf1(-/-) MEF cells by disruption of FAK signaling with the dominant-negative inhibitor of FAK, C-terminal domain of FAK (FAK-CD). Thus, the results demonstrate the novel interaction of neurofibromin and FAK and suggest their involvement in cell adhesion, cell growth, and other cellular events and pathways.
An accurate CMOS differential voltage-to-current converter (1994)

A technique for implementing a differential voltage-to-current converter that is suitable for fabrication in CMOS technology is presented. The transconductance of the converter is determined by an external resistor. Very linear and accurate transconductance is obtained with a conversion error of 0-012% for an external resistance of 25 O. Simulation results are given to show the linearity and accuracy of the conversion circuit. The voltage-to-current converter is a versatile building block and can be applied as a current conveyor, a floating inductance, a floating negative impedance converter and an instrumentation amplifier,
A Proposal for an Intermediate Care Unit-Quality Measurement Framework (2018)

<i>Rationale</i>, <i>Aims</i>, <i>and Objectives</i>. The Intermediate Care Unit (IMCU) is a hospital unit which is logistically situated between the hospital ward and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). There is debate regarding the value of the IMCU. Understanding its value is compromised by the lack of adequate quality indicators. Therefore, this study identifies currently used IMCU indicators and evaluates their usefulness. <i>Methods</i>. Through a systematic literature search, currently used quality indicators were identified and evaluated for their importance using a proposed IMCU-specific quality measurement framework. <i>Results</i>. From 4034 titles and abstracts, 168 articles were selected for full-text review. Of these, 22 articles were included, which reported IMCU quality at the level of the IMCU (<i>n</i> = 12), the ICU (<i>n</i> = 5), both IMCU and ICU (<i>n</i> = 3) or hospital level (<i>n</i> = 2). At the IMCU, the IMCU mortality (<i>n</i> = 16), discharge-to-ICU rate (<i>n</i> = 7), in-hospital IMCU mortality (<i>n</i> = 7), and length of stay (<i>n</i> = 6) were most frequently reported. Three studies compared the effect of different structures of the IMCU on its utilization or hospital outcome. <i>Conclusions</i>. Current focus in IMCU quality research is towards measuring quality at the IMCU itself. Since the influence of the structure of IMCUs on its utilization and its effects on hospital outcome are only rarely investigated, attention should shift towards these important issues in further research. The proposed IMCU quality measurement framework can thereby serve as a helpful tool.
OptiqueVQS: A visual query system over ontologies for industry (2018)

An important application of semantic technologies in industry has been the formalisation of information models using OWL 2 ontologies and the use of RDF for storing and exchanging application data. Moreover, legacy data can be virtualised as RDF using ontologies following the ontology-based data ac cess (OBDA) approach. In all these applications, it is important to provide domain experts with query formulation tools for expressing their information needs in terms of queries over ontologies. In this work, we present such a tool, OptiqueVQS, which is designed based on our experience with OBDA applications in Statoil and Siemens and on best HCI practices for interdisciplinary engineering environments. OptiqueVQS implements a number of unique techniques distinguishing it from analogous query formulation systems. In particular, it exploits ontology projection techniques to enable graph-based navigation over an ontology during query construction. Secondly, while OptiqueVQS is primarily ontology driven, it exploits sampled data to enhance selection of data values for some data attributes. Finally, OptiqueVQS is built on well-grounded requirements, design rationale, and quality attributes. We evaluated OptiqueVQS with both domain experts and casual users and qualitatively compared our system against prominent visual systems for ontology-driven query formulation and exploration of semantic data. OptiqueVQS is available online and can be downloaded together with an example OBDA scenario.