gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extended depth of field through an axicon (2009)

Abstract One of the main disadvantages of imaging systems is the limited depth of field. We present the ability of a refractive axicon for imaging with an extended depth of field. We design an imaging system with a two-step imaging approach that uses a CCD camera to capture intermediate images and uses a digital process to obtain the final images. The depth of field is analyzed based on the condition of the focal segment. In particular, the point spread functions (PSFs) are discussed in simulation in detail. The performed experiments validate the effect and feasibility of the axicon for imaging with an extending depth of field. Keywords: extended depth of fieldaxiconimaging system Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50605018) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-07-0262).
A cognitive based spectrum sharing scheme for LTE advanced systems (2010)

In LTE-Advanced system, spectrum scarcity is an inevitable issue due to wider bandwidth requirement for downlink peak throughput up to 1Gbps. One of the solutions to this problem is that LTE-Advanced system can opportunistically use the spectrum of DVB system by using spectrum sensing and sharing method. But, the tradeoff problem between complexity and detection probability always exists in spectrum sensing schemes. Most existing spectrum sharing methods for LTE-Advanced system are not optimal enough. In this paper, we investigate the framework of cognitive based spectrum sharing scheme for LTE-Advanced system and then propose a cognitive based spectrum sharing scheme including Auto-Correlation based Advanced Energy (ACAE) spectrum sensing method and spectrum sharing procedure for spectrum sharing between DVB and LTE-Advanced system. Simulation results show that improvements in detection probability can be obtained by ACAE spectrum sensing method, and gains in spectrum efficiency and fairness can be achieved by the proposed spectrum sharing procedure.
Persistent Rectal Ulcer Associated with Human Papillomavirus Type 33 in a Patient with AIDS: Successful Treatment with Isotretinoin (1990)

Rectal dysplasia and carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus infection are increasing in prevalence among homosexual men, particularly those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We report a case involving a 39-year-old homosexual man with AIDS who developed a persistent rectal ulcer. A biopsy of the ulcer revealed severe squamous dysplasia, and human papillomavirus type 33 was detected in rectal tissue with use of in situ DNA hybridization. This genotype of virus has not been previously associated with anal or rectal dysplasia in homosexual men, including those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The rectal ulcer resolved after 2 months of oral therapy with 60 mg/d of isotretinoin, a retinoid.
On the effectiveness of set associative page mapping and its application to main memory management (1976)

Set associative page mapping algorithms have become widespread for the operation of cache memories for reasons of cost and efficiency. In this paper we show how to calculate analytically the effectiveness of set associative paging relative to full associative (unconstrained mapping) paging. For two miss ratio models, Saltzer's linear model and a mixed geometric model, we are able to obtain simple, closed form expressions for the relative LRU fault rates. Trace driven simulations are used to verify the accuracy of our results. We suggest that as electronically accessed third level memories, such as electron beam memories, magnetic bubbles or charge coupled devices become available, algorithms currently used only for cache paging will be applied to main memory, for the same reasons of efficiency, implementation ease and cost.
HPA‐1a antibody potency and bioactivity do not predict severity of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (2007)

BACKGROUND: The antenatal management of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FMAIT) due to HPA‐1a antibodies remains controversial, and a test identifying pregnancies that do not require therapy would be of clinical value. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The statistical correlation was analyzed between clinical outcome and 1) anti‐HPA‐1a potency in maternal serum samples determined by a monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet (PLT) antigen assay with an international anti‐HPA‐1a potency standard and 2) anti‐HPA‐1a biological activity measured by a monocyte chemiluminescence (CL) assay. RESULTS: A total of 133 pregnancies with FMAIT due to anti‐HPA‐1a were analyzed. In 97 newly diagnosed cases, there was no difference in antibody potency or CL signal between cases with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; n = 15), those with no ICH but a PLT count of less than 20 × 10 9 per L (n = 52), and those with a PLT count of at least 20 × 10 9 per L (n = 30). In 22 previously known pregnancies, the positive predictive value of maternal anti‐HPA‐1a of greater than 30 IU per mL for a PLT count of less than 20 × 10 9 per L was 90 percent, but the negative predictive value was only 66 percent. Antibody potency tended to stay stable throughout pregnancy (n = 16) and from one pregnancy to the next (n = 16). CONCLUSION: Neither severe thrombocytopenia nor ICH in HPA‐1a‐alloimmunized pregnancies can be predicted with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for clinical application from maternal anti‐HPA‐1a potency or bioactivity.
Translation initiation factor eIF-5A, the hypusine-containing protein, is phosphorylated on serine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)

Translation initiation factor eIF-5A (formerly called eIF-4D) is a small, highly conserved protein in eukaryotic cells that undergoes a unique modification at one of its lysine residues to form hypusine. eIF-5A stimulates in vitro the synthesis of methionyl-puromycin, a model reaction for formation of the first peptide bond. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF-5A is encoded by two highly homologous genes, TIF51A and TIF51B, and each gene gives rise to two hypusinated isoelectric variants, eIF-5Aa (more acidic) and eIF-5Ab (more basic). In order to study the structural and functional differences between the two isoforms, both isoelectric forms were purified from a yeast strain overexpressing TIF51A and were shown to stimulate identically the synthesis of methionyl-puromycin in a heterologous mammalian assay system. Pulse-chase labeling of yeast cells with [35S]methionine showed that the basic form, eIF-5Ab, is a precursor form of the acidic form, eIF-5Aa. Immunoprecipitation of 32P-labeled cell lysates with rabbit antibodies specific for yeast eIF-5A, phosphoprotein phosphatase treatment of eIF-5Aa, and phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that eIF-5Aa is generated by phosphorylation of eIF-5Ab on serine. Therefore eIF-5A undergoes two post-translational modifications, hypusination and phosphorylation, where the activity of the factor is dependent on the first but is not influenced in vitro by the second.
Query-limited Black-box Attacks to Classifiers (2017)

We study black-box attacks on machine learning classifiers where each query to the model incurs some cost or risk of detection to the adversary. We focus explicitly on minimizing the number of queries as a major objective. Specifically, we consider the problem of attacking machine learning classifiers subject to a budget of feature modification cost while minimizing the number of queries, where each query returns only a class and confidence score. We describe an approach that uses Bayesian optimization to minimize the number of queries, and find that the number of queries can be reduced to approximately one tenth of the number needed through a random strategy for scenarios where the feature modification cost budget is low.
Trace-based Derivation of a Lock-Free Queue Algorithm (2008)

Lock-free algorithms have been developed to avoid various problems associated with using locks to control access to shared data structures. Instead of preventing interference between processes using mutual exclusion, lock-free algorithms must ensure correct behaviour in the presence of interference. While this avoids the problems with locks, the resulting algorithms are typically more intricate than lock-based algorithms, and allow more complex interactions between processes. The result is that even when the basic idea is easy to understand, the code implementing lock-free algorithms is typically very subtle, hard to understand, and hard to get right. In this paper, we consider the well-known lock-free queue implementation due to Michael and Scott, and show how a slightly simplified version of this algorithm can be derived from an abstract specification via a series of verifiable refinement steps. Reconstructing a design history in this way allows us to examine the kinds of design decisions that underlie the algorithm as describe by Michael and Scott, and to explore the consequences of some alternative design choices. Our derivation is based on a refinement calculus with concurrent composition, combined with a reduction approach, based on that proposed by Lipton, Lamport, Cohen, and others, which we have previously used to derive a scalable stack algorithm. The derivation of Michael and Scott's queue algorithm introduces some additional challenges because it uses a “helper” mechanism which means that part of an enqueue operation can be performed by any process, also in a simulation proof the treatment of dequeue on an empty queue requires the use of backward simulation.
Use of a Teat Sealer for Prevention of Intramammary Infections in Lactating Cows (1980)

An acrylic latex film that is applied like a teat dip and remains intact as a physical barrier until the next milking was developed and studied with respect to its effect on intramammary infection rates in 4 dairy herds. Rates of new infections in treated quarters were compared with the rates in control quarters on the same cows. A statistically significant reduction in the rates was observed for the following organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, 28%; S epidermidis, 33%; and coliforms, 76%. The percentage reduction for infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (18%) and for those caused by streptococcus other than Str agalactiae (7%) were not statistically significant. The film also was shown to be nonirritating.
Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Nitric Oxide Production by Antofine and Its Analogues in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells (2010)

Based on the anti-inflammatory activity of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, the inhibitory effect of antofine and its analogues on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was examined, and structure-activity relationships are discussed. Antofine and several analogues suppressed NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The MeO group at C(2), and the bulkiness of the substituents at C(3) and C(6) in the phenanthrene ring might be critical for this effect. Besides, regulation of iNOS expression might be involved in the inhibitory effect of antofine on LPS-induced NO production in macrophage cells.
Cost of care and quality of life for patients with hemophilia complicated by inhibitors: the COCIS Study Group (2003)

Inhibitors in patients with hemophilia are a rare complication of a rare disease causing pain and disability in patients and impairment to the quality of their lives. Recent advances in treatment have brought improvements, but they have done so by absorbing larger amounts of financial resources. This study involved 52 Italian patients with hemophilia with high-responding inhibitors who were longitudinally observed for 18 months to evaluate concomitantly cost of care and quality of life. Overall, 0.6 bleeding episodes per patient per month were recorded. This frequency of events was lower than that reported in other cohorts of patients with hemophilia who were not taking inhibitors. The average monthly cost of care was, in euros, 18,000 (18,000 US dollars) per patient, mainly because of treatment products. Recombinant activated factor VII, mostly used for orthopedic surgery, represented 50% of the expenses. Quality of life, measured through validated questionnaires, was similar to that of patients with severe hemophilia without inhibitors. In particular, physical quality of life was similar to that in patients with diabetes and on dialysis, whereas mental quality of life was comparable to that in the general population. This study shows that hemophilia complicated by inhibitors, a prototype of rare disease, requires high amounts of resources for management that provides a satisfactory quality of life.
Hepatocyte Transplantation through the Hepatic Vein: A New Route of Cell Transplantation to the Liver (2011)

The efficiency of hepatocyte transplantation into the liver varies with the method of administration. This study investigated whether retrograde infusion via the hepatic vein provides a sufficient number of donor cells for the liver. Donor hepatocytes were isolated from dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV + ) rats and transplanted into DPPIV – rat livers either by antegrade portal vein infusion or retrograde hepatic vein infusion. Hepatocyte engraftment ratios and localization were evaluated by histological DPPIV enzymatic staining at 1 week and 8 weeks after the transplantation. No significant differences in engraftment efficiency were observed at either 1 week or 8 weeks after transplantation by either route. However, the localization of the transplanted hepatocytes differed with the administration route. Portal vein infusion resulted in predominantly periportal engraftment, whereas hepatic vein infusion led to pericentral zone engraftment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the transplanted hepatocytes engrafted in the pericentral zone after retrograde infusion displayed intense CYP2E1 staining similar to the surrounding native hepatocytes. CYP2E1 staining was further enhanced by administration of isosafrole, an inducing agent for various cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP2E1. This study demonstrates a novel approach of transplanting hepatocytes into the liver through retrograde hepatic vein infusion as the means to target cell implantation to the pericentral zone.
Photolysis of aqueous free chlorine species (HOCl and OCl<sup></sup>) with 254 nm ultraviolet light (2007)

The quantum yields of the UV photolysis of free chlorine (OCl – and HOCl) at 254 nm were measured in a series of batch reactor experiments from pH 5 to 10 and at various concentrations. When the concentration of free chlorine is low (3.5 mg Cl/L) to moderate (70 mg Cl/L), the quantum yields of HOCl and OCl – are 1.0 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.1, respectively. When the concentration increases to higher levels (>70 mg Cl/L), the quantum yield of HOCl photolysis increases significantly, whereas the quantum yield of OCl – photolysis is essentially independent of concentration. In addition, based on the experimental results obtained in this research, a mathematic model was developed that can be used for the prediction of the quantum yield for the UV photolysis of free chlorine at 254 nm. The quantum yields predicted by this model agree very well with the measured data. Also, the dependence of free chlorine decomposition on the fluence (UV dose) and the effect of water quality on the quantum yield of free chlorine species were investigated in this research. Key words: ultraviolet irradiation, free chlorine, fluence, UV dose, quantum yield, disinfection.
A Decade of Experience with Velocimeters (1971)

Over a decade of experience with velocimeters aboard deep submergence vehicles has demonstrated that accuracies of 0.1 m/sec or better can be obtained with proper procedures. Calibrations and distilled water equations are discussed, along with the new International Temperature Scale adopted in 1968. Calibration drift is described for three types of velocimeters to underscore that accuracy requires frequent calibrations as well as intercomparisons between several instruments during. deep dives. Pressure corrections are computed. Errors due to thermal lags of earlier velocimeters were observed while transmitting thermoclines. Laboratory measurements with a velocimeter in 50 gal of natural seawater of 27.405‰ salinity gave good results, closer to those of V. A. Del Grosso [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 47, 947 (1970)], than to W. D. Wilson [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 32, 1357 (L) (1960)].
Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics (2012)

Ceramic materials able to heal manufacture or damage induced microstructure defects might trigger a change in paradigm for design and application of load bearing ceramics. This work reviews thermodynamic and kinetic aspects governing the regeneration of solid contact able to transfer stress between disrupted crack surfaces in ceramics. Major crack healing processes include perturbation of crack-like pores followed by sintering of isolated pores, as well as reaction with an environmental atmosphere and filling of the crack space with an oxidation product. Since thermally activated solid state reactions require elevated temperatures which may exceed 1000 °C, processes able to trigger crack healing at lower temperatures are of particular interest for transferring into engineering applications. Generic principles of microstructure modifications able to facilitate crack repair at lower temperatures will be considered: (i) acceleration of material transport by grain boundary decoration and grain size reduction, and (ii) reduction of thermal activation barrier by repair filler activation. Examples demonstrating crack healing capability include oxidation reaction of low energy bonded intercalation metal from nano-laminate MAX phases and catalyzed surface nitridation of polymer derived ceramics containing repair fillers.
Null steering in phased arrays by controlling the element positions (1991)

Null steering methods usually involve costly and complicated amplitude and/or phase control systems. A technique is presented for null steering based on the element position perturbations. The technique frees the phase shifters to be used solely for steering the main beam toward the direction of the desired signal. It also removes the limitations of the other techniques by independently steering the main beam and the nulls to arbitrary independent directions. This technique is also capable of obtaining sidelobe cancellation and wideband signal rejection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effective Coupling Between Logic Synthesis and LayoutTools for Synthesis of Area and Speed‐Efficient Circuits (1997)

Traditionally logic synthesis and layout tools optimize designs without interaction between them. Lack of communication between the two tools often results in inferior post‐layout circuit implementations. This paper presents three aspects of coupling synthesis with layout to minimize post‐layout area and delay of circuits. It presents two new techniques for computing net-weights based on timing slacks, and shows how performance improvement with little overhead in area can be achieved. Secondly, it presents a novel idea of exploiting logic equivalence information in circuits to minimize circuit area and delay during layout. An algorithm for computing logic equivalence classes and performing net swapping using the equivalence classes during layout is described. Lastly, it shows the sensitivity of post‐layout delays of circuits to wiring models used in synthesis and demonstrates how resynthesis techniques can be effectively used to generate good post‐layout implementation. Significant reductions in post‐layout area and delay on several industrial designs have been observed.
Les modalités de recueil des réponses libres en institut de sondage : le rôle de l'enquêteur, les consignes et les procédures de contrôle, les perspectives d'amélioration (2001)

Cette note s'interesse aux problemes lies au recueil des donnees et a leur mise en forme : dans quelles mesures les procedures de recueil sur le «terrain par les instituts de sondages sont-elles adaptees a l'analyse des reponses donnees a des questions ouvertes? Pour apporter des reponses tres empiriques a cette interrogation ainsi que de possibles pistes d'amelioration, il convient de revenir sur deux etapes dans la fabrication d'un sondage: l'interrogation et la codification des questions ouvertes.
A 6.3&#x2236;1 bandwidth scanning Tightly Coupled Dipole Array with co-designed compact balun (2012)

We present a design for a Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) with wide angle scanning and a wideband compact balun. Although TCDAs are low profile, capable of wide bandwidth, good scan performance, and low cross polarization, they require a balanced feeding structure whose realization introduces significant practical challenges. Among them is developing a balun that is both compact and wideband. In this paper, we demonstrate a design for a low cost balun that fits within the existing array volume and increases the overall bandwidth of the array. This is accomplished by exploiting the balun's reactance as part of the matching network for the aperture. The final array delivers 6.3 : 1 bandwidth, ±45° scanning in all planes, and <; -10dB cross-polarization. These capabilities are believed to be unique for a low profile array with a self-contained feed.
Preparation and Some Properties of Certain Fluorovinyl Iodides and Some Fluorinated Butadienes<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Some Properties of Certain Fluorovinyl Iodides and Some Fluorinated Butadienes1J. D. PARK, JOHN ABRAMO, MORRIS HEIN, D. N. GRAY, and J. R. LACHERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 11, 1661–1665Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01105a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01105a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts