gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cathode-Follower Circuits (1945)

The cathode follower is a circuit of increasing importance for television and ultra-high-frequency applications, and has therefore received much attention in technical literature. Most of the publications deal with the cathode-output amplifier, a three-terminal device. In this paper, such systems are treated briefly along with applications of the cathode follower for voltage amplification and signal mixing. This is preceded by a graphical diagram of the cathode-follower characteristic, which may be used for the determination of the direct-current components of such circuits. Cathode followers with a complex load are subsequently considered. These circuits show characteristic feedback phenomena from the cathode into the grid system in which the interelectrode capacitance acts as a coupling element. Most circuits of this nature are two-terminal devices, with action observed in the input circuit, and no external output derived from the cathode. The cathode-follower oscillator is perhaps the most important application of this group. Cathode-follower circuits with one or more resonant circuits in the cathode arm may be used as detectors or filters in connection with frequency modulation. In presenting a variety of cathode-follower applications in the light of a general theory, this paper indicates the wide scope of possible applications with no intention of being exhaustive in every detail. In order to facilitate reading, most of the mathematical derivations have been put into the Appendix.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2-antibodies plus glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies (GADA) indicates autoimmunity as frequently as islet cell antibodies assay in children with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus (1997)

Islet cell antibodies (ICA), the classical autoimmunity marker for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), are detected in approximately 85% of children with recently diagnosed diabetes. Because the ICA assay is semiquantitative and difficult to standardize, alternative assays are needed. When glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65) was discovered as a major islet antigen, the measurement of antibodies to GAD 65 (GADA) was considered a good alternative to ICA. Recently, however, we showed that 1 in 3 ICA-positive diabetic patients do not have GADA. Now, antibodies against the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2 (IA2-ab) have been detected in IDDM. To find out whether measurements of IA2-ab combined with those of GADA could detect autoimmunity to the same extent as ICA, we have measured all three kinds of antibodies (using radioligand binding assays for IA2-ab and GADA) in 100 recently diagnosed diabetic and 100 control children: ICA were found in 87, IA2-ab in 69, and GADA in 66 of the 100 diabetic patients, whereas in the 100 control children ICA were found in 2, IA2-ab in 1, and GADA in 3. Among the 87 ICA-positive patients, 45 (52%) had both IA2-ab and GADA, 21 (24%) had only IA2-ab, and 16 (18%) had only GADA, whereas 5 (6%) lacked both IA2-ab and GADA. Among the 13 ICA-negative patients, 1 (8%) had both IA2-ab and GADA, 2 (15%) had only IA2-ab, and 4 (31%) had only GADA. Thus, 6 of the 100 patients had neither ICA, IA2-ab, nor GADA. Combining the IA2-ab and GADA assays gave positive results for autoimmunity in 89 of the 100 patients, compared with 87 by the ICA assay. The combination of the IA2-ab and GADA assays appears to be an effective alternative to the ICA assay.
Chemically Strengthened Glass (1968)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Chemical strengthening is a new technique that supplements thermal strengthening because it can be used for very thin glass and complex shapes. Because the process is done when the glass is hard, the possibility of distortion is removed. This paper describes the process, the properties (mechanical strength, impact resistance, fracture pattern), the forms available, and the applications. The resulting glass offers considerable weight reduction. It has been used initially in the back windows of convertibles</div>
Some Esters of 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic Acid (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Esters of 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic AcidJ. W. LYNN, R. L. ROBERTS, and S. W. TINSLEYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 10, 3757–3761Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01068a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01068a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Timing analysis of reliable real-time communication in CAN networks (2002)

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a fieldbus network with real-time capabilities. It is generally considered that CAN guarantees atomic multicast properties, through its extensive error detection/signalling mechanisms. However, there are error situations where messages can be delivered in duplicate by some receivers or delivered only by a subset of the receivers, leading to inconsistencies in the supported applications. In order to prevent such inconsistencies, a set of atomic multicast protocols is proposed, taking advantage of CAN synchronous properties to minimise its run-time overhead. This paper presents such set of protocols, focusing on the timing analysis of the supported reliable real-time communication. It demonstrates that, in spite of the extra stack of protocols, the real-time capabilities of CAN are preserved, since the predictability of message transfer is guaranteed.
Efficacy of intra-articular magnesium for postoperative analgesia in total hip arthroplasty (2017)

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of intra-articular magnesium sulphate and a saline placebo for postoperative pain control following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Sixty patients underwent THA and were randomly allocated into two groups to receive intra-articular injections of either 10 ml magnesium sulphate (100 mg/ml; magnesium group, n=30) or 10 ml normal saline solution (control group, n=30). Postoperative analgesia was maintained by intravenous morphine injection. The outcome measurements were visual analogue score (VAS), morphine consumption and Harris hip score (HHS). The two groups were well matched. The outcome of VAS at rest was significantly lower at postoperative hours 6 and 12 in the magnesium group as compared with the control group, although the difference was insignificant preoperatively and at postoperative hours 2, 4, 24 and 48, and days 3, 7 and 14. This indicator during activity was also lower in the magnesium group at postoperative hour 24 than that of the control group, although the difference was insignificant preoperatively and at hour 48, and days 7 and 14. The consumption of morphine (the total quantity) at 0-6, 6-12 and 0-48 h in the magnesium group was significantly lower than in the control group, although no significant differences were observed at 12-24 and 24-48 h between the groups. The improvements of HHS from preoperative to postoperative scores were statistically significant, however, no significant differences were identified between groups. Thus, the findings indicate that intra-articular magnesium sulphate injections provided improved pain control and reduced the need for morphine when compared with a saline placebo following THA.
Fuzzy Learning of Talbot Effect Guides Optimal Mask Design for Proximity Field Nanopatterning Lithography (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Processing methods used in photonics and nanotechnology possess many limitations restricting their application areas such as high cost, inability to produce fine details, problems with scalability, and long processing time. Proximity field nanopatterning is a lithography method which surpasses these limitations. By using interference patterns produced by a two-dimensional phase mask, the technique is able to generate a submicron detailed exposure on a millimeter-size slab of light sensitive photopolymer, which is then developed like a photographic plate to reveal three-dimensional interference patterns from the phase mask. While it is possible to use simulations to obtain the interference patterns produced by a phase mask, realizing the mask dimensions necessary for producing a desired interference pattern is analytically challenging due to the intricacies of light interactions involved in producing the final interference pattern. An alternative method is to iteratively optimize the phase mask until the interference patterns obtained converge to the desired pattern. However, depending on the optimization technique used, one either risks a significant probability of failure or requires a prohibitive number of iterations. We argue that an optimization technique that is to take advantage of the physics of the problem using machine learning methods (here fuzzy learning) can lead to competent mask design. This technique is described in this letter. </para>
Technology requirements for a competitive electric utility market in the 21st century (1989)

The author identifies the issues most often associated with electric utility competition. He discusses the implications that increased competition and a new focus on the customer have for technology requirements on the 21st century. He then describes NetComm, a joint project that establishes a communication network with integrated, microprocessor-based electronic meters and packet radios. The project began as a concept in March, 1986 and is now in pilot testing. The system is being expanded by approximately 100 meters per week.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DYNAMIC BODY FORCES ON AXILLARY CRUTCH WALKERS DURING SWING-THROUGH GAIT (1982)

By means of dynamic analysis and a series of experiments, peak dynamic forces on subjects ambulating with axillary crutches are evaluated. For swing-through times of about one second, the subjects needed to support from 1.1 to 3.4 times their body weight at their hands; but the horizontal loads at their axilla were much less, varying from 3 to 11 percent of body weight. Such data can be useful in selecting axillary crutches with sufficient padding at the axilla to minimize pressure on the sensitive nerves and blood vessels in this area; and in predetermining whether a patient is strong enough to use crutches, since he must support more than his own weight.
Extraction of Vectorized Graphical Information from Scientific Chart Images (2007)

Graphical components information extraction is a crucial step in the chart recognition and understanding process. However, existing methods of information extraction from chart images either are type-dependent or rely on certain assumptions. In this paper, we present a general method to extract vectorized graphical information from scientific chart images. Our algorithm firstly constructs a data structure called directional single-connected chains (DSCC). It then employs ellipse-specific fitting and orthogonal diagonalization to calculate the curvatures of the chains and classify the chains into either straight lines or arcs. Finally we combine all straight lines and all arcs accordingly and use linear regression to compute their attributes. The DSCC has a good property in that it is less susceptible to noise. The experiment results show that our algorithm is efficient, robust and accurate.
Electronic Identification of Drillstem and Other Components Used in Harsh Environments Proves Successful (1993)

Abstract A reliable and more foolproof means of identifying industrial components for Inventory Control, that minimizes human error and reduces asset management costs, has been a challenge to the oilfield and energy industries for many years. Manual systems that require locating assets and visually finding their unique product code and/or serial numbers is rapidly becoming outdated. This paper discusses a new alternative method for electronically identifying industrial assets, to include those used in the oilfield, which are subjected to harsh environments. A harsh environment is defined as one in which the asset is used or placed into various extremes of temperature, pressure, erosion, corrosion, vibration, handling, dirt and debris. The results of three (3) extensive downhole tests, utilizing this method, will be discussed and presented.
Mobile Traffic Prediction from Raw Data Using LSTM Networks (2018)

Predictive analysis on mobile network traffic is becoming of fundamental importance for the next generation cellular network. Proactively knowing the user demands, allows the system for an optimal resource allocation. In this paper, we study the mobile traffic of an LTE base station and we design a system for the traffic prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks. The mobile traffic information is gathered from the Physical Downlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) of the LTE using the passive tool presented in [1]. Using this tool we are able to collect all the control information at 1 ms resolution from the base station. This information comprises the resource blocks, the transport block size and the modulation scheme assigned to each user connected to the eNodeB. The design of the prediction system includes long short term memory units. With respect to a Multilayer Perceptron Network, or other artificial neurons structures, recurrent networks are advantageous for problems with sequential data (e.g. language modeling) [2]. In our case, we state the problem as a supervised multivariate prediction of the mobile traffic, where the objective is to minimize the prediction error given the information extracted from the PDCCH. We evaluate the one-step prediction and the long-term prediction errors of the proposed methodology, considering different numbers for the duration of the observed values, which determines the memory length of the LSTM network and how much information must be stored for a precise traffic prediction.
Mineral acid‐catalyzed condensation of meadowfoam fatty acids into estolides (1996)

Abstract Meadowfoam fatty acids (83% monoenoic fatty acid), reacted with 0.01–0.1 mole equivalents of perchloric acid, gave 33–71% yield of estolide, an oligomeric 2° ester, resulting from self condensation. Equimolar amounts of perchloric acid to fatty acid failed to produce estolide but converted the fatty acids to a mixture of lactones, mainly γ‐eicosanolactone. Temperature plays a critical role; higher temperatures (75–100°C), at the same acid concentration, provide lactones while lower temperatures (20–65°C) yield estolides. Lower acid levels (<0.1 mole equivalents) gave the best yields (≈70%) at 65°C. The estolide and monomer were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared high‐pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The estolide is a mixture of oligomers with an average distribution near 1.65 ester units. The ester linkages are located mainly at the original double bond positions but have some positional isomerization to adjacent sites in accord with carbocation migration along the alkyl chain. The residual double bond of the estolide was extensively isomerized from cis to trans and positionally along the chain. The distilled monomer is similar in structure to the unsaturated portion of the estolide with geometrical and positional double bond isomerization. In addition, a significant amount of cyclization of the fatty acids to lactone (≈30%) had occurred.
An Evaluation of Pedal Cycle Helmet Performance Requirements (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes an evaluation of impact performance requirements for pedal cycle helmets. The paper examines the results of two related studies, evaluates other helmet test results and proposes performance criteria more effective for the amelioration of head injury. The two main studies are of pedal cycle helmet performance in real accidents (<span class="xref">McIntosh and Dowdell IRCOBI 1992</span>) and head impact tests conducted under conditions relevant to those occurring during pedal cycle accidents (<span class="xref">McIntosh et al Stapp 1993</span>). The results of other helmet evaluations are drawn upon. The paper examines a number of areas of helmet performance and focuses on head coverage and impact test criteria.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results of the studies demonstrate that pedal cycle helmets are failing to provide adequate coverage in the temporal region, and that standards tests are not sensitive to this problem. The Test Line could be measured directly from the Frankfort Plane delineating a region below which head impacts are unlikely or do not pose a serious risk of brain injury. The helmet should cover the head almost to the Frankfort Plane laterally and posteriorly.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Although drop heights of 1 500 mm result in a suitable impact test velocity, the permissible acceleration levels are too high. Statistical analysis of head impact data showed that maximum acceleration was a suitable test criterion for helmet performance. but that pass/fail criteria should be reduced, i.e. maximum centre of gravity head acceleration &lt; 200 g. Levels of acceleration of 300 to 400 g, currently allowed by helmet standards are too high.</div>
Triggering and guiding of an upward positive leader from a ground rod with an ultrashort laser pulse-I: experimental results (2003)

Using a plasma channel produced by an ultrashort laser pulse, we have studied the laser triggering and guiding of a positive leader from the tip of a 2-m vertical rod standing on the bottom plane of a 7-m plane-plane gap. The purpose of this setup was to reproduce in the laboratory the electric field conditions leading to the onset of a positive upward leader from a ground rod as a downward negative leader is approaching during a thunderstorm, in order to demonstrate the working principle of a possible future laser lightning rod. The leader triggering properties of the laser-created plasma channel have been studied as a function of the synchronization of the laser pulse with the voltage impulse applied to the gap. We show that the laser pulse reduces the inception voltage of the leader compared to its normal value and that the laser plasma channel guides the propagation of the upward leader at a velocity ten times higher than that of an ordinary leader, with a significantly lower charge per unit length. We show that laser guiding of the leader significantly reduces the breakdown voltage of the gap and that the effect of the laser channel at the end of a lightning rod can be compared quite favorably with the effect of an additional metal rod of the same length.
Novel method of producing all fibre photoinducedchirped gratings (1994)

A novel method for fabricating all fibre photoinduced chiped gratings is presented for the first time. 8 mm long gratings with reproducible chirped bandwidths between 3 and 15 nm and reflectivities up to 95% are demonstrated. Near ideal response is achieved for linear and quadratic wavelength chirped gratings.
Transplantation of Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived 3D Retinal Sheets into Retinal Degenerative Mice (2014)

In this article, we show that mouse embryonic stem cell- or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D retinal tissue developed a structured outer nuclear layer (ONL) with complete inner and outer segments even in an advanced retinal degeneration model (rd1) that lacked ONL. We also observed host-graft synaptic connections by immunohistochemistry. This study provides a "proof of concept" for retinal sheet transplantation therapy for advanced retinal degenerative diseases.
Soft-Material Robotics (2017)

The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest in the more active use of soft materials in robotic systems. Having a soft body like the ones in biological systems can potentially provide a robot with superior capabilities. For example, soft body can help the robots to adaptively navigate through small openings, softness can prevent injuries in human-robot interaction, while deformable body can also store and release energy, which may lead to energy effciency in locomotion tasks. By building robotic systems with soft materials, we can realize systems that are safer, cheaper, and more adaptable than the level that conventional rigid-material robots can achieve. Soft-Material Robotics introduces the fundamental aspects of this vibrant research topic from history, modelling, control, and system integration. This content sets it apart from previous review efforts that have focused on presenting individual case studies.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DIPOLAR ADDITION OF PYRIDINE N‐IMINE TO ACETYLENES AND THE USE OF CARBON‐13 NMR IN SEVERAL STRUCTURAL ASSIGNMENTS (1982)

Abstract N‐Amino‐pyridinium‐iodid (I) addiert über das N‐Imin (II) Acetylencarbonsäureester (III) zu den Addukten (Iva), aus denen verschiedene funktionelle Derivate (IVb)‐(IVd) sowie die Decarboxylierungsprodukte (V) zugänglich sind.
Therapeutic potential of matrix metalloproteinases in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2014)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted proteinases that have physiologic roles in degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) in almost all tissues. However, their excessive production in disease conditions leads to many pathological features including tissue breakdown, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic muscle disorder caused by partial or complete loss of cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Progressive muscle wasting in DMD is accompanied by myofiber necrosis followed by cycles of regeneration and degeneration and inflammation that eventually result in replacement of myofiber by connective and adipose tissues. Emerging evidence suggests that gene expression and the activity of various MMPs are aberrantly regulated in muscle biopsies from DMD patients and in skeletal muscle of animal models of DMD. Moreover, a few studies employing genetic mouse models have revealed that different MMPs play distinct roles in disease progression in DMD. Modulation of the activity of MMPs improves myofiber regeneration and enhances the efficacy of transplantation and engraftment of muscle progenitor cells in dystrophic muscle in mouse models of DMD. Furthermore, recent reports also suggest that some MMPs especially MMP-9 can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of DMD. In this article, we provide a succinct overview of the regulation of various MMPs and their therapeutic importance in DMD.
Implementation of In-home Telemedicine in Rural Kansas: Answering an Elderly Patient's Needs (1997)

The Interactive Home Health Care Program is a demonstration project evaluating the use of in-home telemedicine to provide health care for elderly and disabled people. Local cable systems interconnect a base station staffed by a telemedicine nurse with a modified television in the home. Six months into the project, 38 patients are being cared for at three sites in rural Kansas. Individual patient profiles show improvement. Technical and social challenges appear solvable. An evaluation is in progress.