gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyber-insurance framework for large scale interdependent networks (2014)

This article presents a framework for managing cyber-risks in large-scale interdependent networks where cyber insurers are strategic players. In our earlier work, we imposed that breach probability of each network node (which we view as a player) is a function of two variables: first, player own security action and second, average security of all players. In this article, we formally derive the expression of breach probability from the standard assumptions. For a homogeneous interdependent network (identical users), we provide a solution for optimal security choice of each node in environments without and with cyber insurers present. Then, we introduce a general heterogeneous network (many user types), and derive the expression for network security. Lastly, we consider the network with two user types (normal and malicious), in which we allow one user type (malicious users) to subvert monitoring of the insurers, even if these insurers are able to perfectly enforce security levels of normal users (at zero cost). Our analysis confirms a discrepancy between informal arguments that favor cyber-insurance as a tool to improve network security, and formal models, which tend to view insurance as an instrument of managing risks only. In particular, our results support the case against cyber-insurance as the means of improving security. Our framework helps to identify the crucial network parameters for improving incentives to provide secure networks.
DITC-direct instantaneous torque control of switched reluctance drives (2003)

This paper presents an on-line instantaneous torque control technique. The method comprises two novel aspects. Torque is estimated as a function of terminal quantities, i.e. flux linkage and phase current. Hence, the control algorithm is independent of the rotor position. Moreover, high bandwidth drive performance is obtained by implementing a digital torque hysteresis-controller. Thus, the method works without torque distribution functions or auxiliary phase commutating strategies. Therefore, the control algorithm offers a wide drive operating range without the use of a high-resolution shaft position sensor or sensitive position estimation techniques. Experimental and simulation results are presented in this paper.
SSMCB: Low-Power Variation-Tolerant Source-Synchronous Multicycle Bus (2009)

In this paper, a variation-tolerant low-power source-synchronous multicycle bus (SSMCB) interconnect scheme is proposed. This scheme is scalable and suitable for transferring data across different clock domains such as those in "many-core" SoCs and in 3-D ICs. SSMCB replaces intermediate flip-flops by a source-synchronous synchronization scheme. Removing the intermediate flip-flops in the SSMCB scheme enables better averaging of delay variations across the whole interconnect, which reduces bit-rate degradation due to within-die process variations. Monte Carlo circuit simulations show that SSMCB eliminates 90% of the variation-induced performance degradation in a six-cycle 9-mm-long 16-bit conventional bus. The proposed multicycle bus scheme also leads to significant energy savings due to the elimination of power-hungry flip-flops and the efficient design of the source synchronization overhead. Moreover, eliminating the intermediate flip-flops avoids the timing overhead of the setup time, the flip-flop delay, and the single-cycle clock jitter. This delay slack can then be translated into further energy savings by downsizing the repeaters. The significant delay jitter due to capacitive coupling has been addressed, and solutions are put forward to alleviate it. Circuit simulations in a 65-nm process environment indicate that energy savings up to 20% are achievable for a six-cycle 9-mm-long 16-bit bus.
Optimization of a human IgG B-cell ELISpot assay for the analysis of vaccine-induced B-cell responses (2013)

B-cell responses after infection or vaccination are often measured as serum titers of antigen-specific antibodies. Since this does not address the aspect of memory B-cell activity, it may not give a complete picture of the B-cell response. Analysis of memory B cells by ELISpot is therefore an important complement to conventional serology. B-cell ELISpot was developed more than 25 years ago and many assay protocols/reagents would benefit from optimization. We therefore aimed at developing an optimized B-cell ELISpot for the analysis of vaccine-induced human IgG-secreting memory B cells. A protocol was developed based on new monoclonal antibodies to human IgG and biotin-avidin amplification to increase the sensitivity. After comparison of various compounds commonly used to in vitro-activate memory B cells for ELISpot analysis, the TLR agonist R848 plus interleukin (IL)-2 was selected as the most efficient activator combination. The new protocol was subsequently compared to an established protocol, previously used in vaccine studies, based on polyclonal antibodies without biotin avidin amplification and activation of memory B-cells using a mix of antigen, CpG, IL-2 and IL-10. The new protocol displayed significantly better detection sensitivity, shortened the incubation time needed for the activation of memory B cells and reduced the amount of antigen required for the assay. The functionality of the new protocol was confirmed by analyzing specific memory B cells to five different antigens, induced in a limited number of subjects vaccinated against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis. The limited number of subjects did not allow for a direct comparison with other vaccine studies. Optimization of the B-cell ELISpot will facilitate an improved analysis of IgG-secreting B cells in vaccine studies.
QBDC: Query by dropout committee for training deep supervised architecture (2015)

While the current trend is to increase the depth of neural networks to increase their performance, the size of their training database has to grow accordingly. We notice an emergence of tremendous databases, although providing labels to build a training set still remains a very expensive task. We tackle the problem of selecting the samples to be labelled in an online fashion. In this paper, we present an active learning strategy based on query by committee and dropout technique to train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We derive a commmittee of partial CNNs resulting from batchwise dropout runs on the initial CNN. We evaluate our active learning strategy for CNN on MNIST benchmark, showing in particular that selecting less than 30 % from the annotated database is enough to get similar error rate as using the full training set on MNIST. We also studied the robustness of our method against adversarial examples.
LTβR controls thymic portal endothelial cells for haematopoietic progenitor cell homing and T-cell regeneration (2016)

Continuous thymic homing of haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) via the blood is critical for normal T-cell development. However, the nature and the differentiation programme of specialized thymic endothelial cells (ECs) controlling this process remain poorly understood. Here using conditional gene-deficient mice, we find that lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) directly controls thymic ECs to guide HPC homing. Interestingly, T-cell deficiency or conditional ablation of T-cell-engaged LTβR signalling results in a defect in thymic HPC homing, suggesting the feedback regulation of thymic progenitor homing by thymic products. Furthermore, we identify and characterize a special thymic portal EC population with features that guide HPC homing. LTβR is essential for the differentiation and homeostasis of these thymic portal ECs. Finally, we show that LTβR is required for T-cell regeneration on irradiation-induced thymic injury. Together, these results uncover a cellular and molecular pathway that governs thymic EC differentiation for HPC homing.
Microbial leakage and marginal fit of the implant-abutment interface. (1997)

Two-stage implant systems result in gaps and cavities between implant and abutment that can act as a trap for bacteria and thus possibly cause inflammatory reactions in the peri-implant soft tissues. These gaps between the components are inevitable, and their clinical significance has so far been mostly neglected by both manufacturers and clinicians. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is microbial leakage at the implant-abutment interface. Thirteen different implant-abutment combinations were subjected to an in vitro experiment, in which the penetration of bacteria (Escherichia coli) was observed for 10 assemblies of each type. All implant systems presented microbial leakage. When the Frialit-2 implant was supplied with a silicon washer, there were fewer cases of leakage. The width of the marginal gap between the prefabricated components, measured with a scanning electron microscope, was less than 10 microns in all systems.
RadA protein is an archaeal RecA protein homolog that catalyzes DNA strand exchange (1998)

With the discovery that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 protein is both structurally and functionally similar to the Escherichia coli RecA protein, the RecA paradigm for homologous recombination was extended to the Eucarya. The ubiquitous presence of RecA and Rad51 protein homologs raises the question of whether this archetypal protein exists within the third domain of life, the Archaea. Here we present the isolation of a Rad51/RecA protein homolog from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, and show that this protein, RadA, possesses the characteristics of a DNA strand exchange protein: The RadA protein is a DNA-dependent ATPase, forms a nucleoprotein filament on DNA, and catalyzes DNA pairing and strand exchange.
ACETATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS FASTED IN THE COLD (1958)

The in vitro incorporation of 1-C 14 and 2-C 14 acetate into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver and adipose tissue was studied in rats fasted at 5 °C. for 24 hours. Compared with fed rats at room temperature, there was a marked decrease in the incorporation of the acetate carbons into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver tissue. A pronounced decrease in acetate incorporation into fatty acid was also noted with adipose tissue from these same animals, but only a slight decrease in incorporation into carbon dioxide. Addition of glucose to the incubation medium caused increases in fatty acid formation by liver and adipose tissue from both normal and fasted animals, but glucose supplementation, while increasing the incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by liver tissue from cold fasted rats, did not affect carbon dioxide production by liver tissue from normal animals. Incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by adipose tissue was unaffected by glucose supplementation with tissue from both normal and cold fasted rats.
Syntheses and antiinflammatory actions of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole-5-carboxylic acids (1979)

A novel series of 1-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylic acids and 2-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole-5-carboxylic acids were synthesized via condensation between a phenylhydrazine and a 2-(hydroxymethylene)cyclohexanone-4-carboxylate, and the antiinflammatory activity was determined. In the carrageenan edema test, 1-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylic acids exhibited fairly high antiinflammatory activity. However, the 2-aryl isomers were far less active than the former. The most active compound of the series was 1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylic acid, which had an ED50 value of 3.5 mg/kg.
Coordinating Production and Delivery Under a (z, Z)-Type Vendor-Managed Inventory Contract (2001)

This paper models a type of vendor-managed inventory (VMI) agreement that occurs in practice called a (z, Z) contract. We investigate the savings due to better coordination of production and delivery facilitated by such an agreement. The optimal behavior of both the supplier and the retailer are characterized. The optimal replenishment and production policies for a supplier are found to be up-to policies, which are shown to be easily computed by decoupling the periods when the supplier outsources from those when the supplier does not outsource. A simple application of the newsvendor relation is used to define the retailer's optimal policy. Numerical analysis is conducted to compare the performance of a single supplier and a single retailer operating under a (z, Z) VMI contract with the performance of those operating under traditional retailer-managed inventory (RMI) with information sharing. Our results verify some observations made in industry about VMI and show that the (z, Z) type of VMI agreement performs significantly better than RMI in many settings, but can perform worse in others.
Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alfa Administration in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Final Results of SCAPP III, a Large, Multicenter, Phase II, Nonrandomized Study With Sequential Analysis Design—The Subcutaneous Administration Propeukin Program Cooperative Group (2003)

This study confirms the importance of prognostic factors when initiating cytokine immunotherapy in patients with metastatic RCC and underlines the prognostic value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate before treatment initiation. Nonetheless, this subcutaneous IL-2/IFN alpha combination does not improve response rate or survival compared with subcutaneous IL-2 alone, although a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn in the absence of a randomized study comparing the two treatments.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Frequency and Pathogenesis (2006)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life- and limb-threatening prothrombotic, immune-mediated adverse drug effect that occurs with unfractionated heparin and to a lesser extent with low molecular weight heparin. HIT results from a platelet-activating immune response triggered by the interaction of heparin with a specific platelet protein, platelet factor 4 (PF4). When PF4 interacts with polyanions, both molecules form multimolecular complexes. The size of the resulting complexes depends on grade of sulfation and chain length of the polyanion. Large molecules such as unfractionated heparin form bigger complexes whereas shorter polyanions most likely form smaller complexes. HIT typically begins 4 to 14 days after starting heparin. Laboratory assays for diagnosing HIT antibodies are available. However, for interpretation of HIT-antibody tests it is important to consider that not all anti-PF4-heparin antibodies are pathogenic. The PF4-dependent enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) are very sensitive for detecting all antibody classes to the PF4-heparin complexes, but are less specific than functional assays for detecting clinically-relevant anti-PF4-heparin antibodies. This review summarizes data on pathogenesis and frequencies of HIT in different patient population.
Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Binaries Isobutane-Ethanol, Isobutane-1-Propanol, and Propane-Ethanol (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Binaries Isobutane-Ethanol, Isobutane-1-Propanol, and Propane-EthanolMarcelo S. Zabaloy, Hernan P. Gros, Susana B. Bottini, and Esteban A. BrignoleCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1994, 39, 2, 214–218Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00014a005https://doi.org/10.1021/je00014a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
REFERENCES (1981)

Journal Article REFERENCES Get access Kirsty Wood Kirsty Wood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 1981, Pages 101–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047194 Published: 01 January 1981
Transfusion‐associated Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in Mexico: implications for transfusion medicine in the United States (2006)

These findings indicate clearly that transfusion-associated transmission of T. cruzi is occurring in the study areas. Serologic testing of blood donors for Chagas disease should be performed there and in the rest of Mexico. The two screening assays evaluated may lack the accuracy necessary for blood donor testing when used as suggested by the manufacturers.
Review: <i>Science as Thought</i>, by Howard E. Gruber (1962)

Book Review| January 01 1962 Review: Science as Thought, by Howard E. Gruber Science as ThoughtHoward E. Gruber P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1962) 24 (1): 61–62. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439825 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: Science as Thought, by Howard E. Gruber. The American Biology Teacher 1 January 1962; 24 (1): 61–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439825 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Metal‐Free Synthetic Approach to 3‐Monosubstituted Unsymmetrical 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines Useful for Bioorthogonal Reactions (2018)

A facile, efficient and metal-free synthetic approach to 3-monosubstituted unsymmetrical 1,2,4,5-tetrazines is presented. Dichloromethane (DCM) is for the first time recognized as a novel reagent in the synthetic chemistry of tetrazines. Using this novel approach 11 3-aryl/alkyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazines were prepared in excellent yields (up to 75 %). The mechanism of this new reaction, including the role of DCM in the tetrazine ring formation, has been investigated by <sup>13</sup> C labeling of DCM, and is also presented and discussed as well as the photophysical and electrochemical properties.
The concept of demand-side management for electric utilities (1985)

Demand-side management (DSM) is the planning and implementation of those electric utility activities designed to influence customer uses of electricity in ways that will produce desired changes in the utility's load shape. While the objective of any DSM activity is to produce a load-shape change, the art of successful implementation and the ultimate success of the program rests within the balancing of utility and customer needs. This paper describes demand-side management for electric utilities and discusses the evolution of this concept for load management, strategic conservation, and marketing.
LABORATORY (1927)

LABORATORY BRILLIANT GREEN BILE CULTURES IN 126 CASES OF TYPHOID FEVER C. C. Young, Leon C. HavensM.D., and Sophie A. DehlerA.B. CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.17.5.516 Published Online: August 30, 2011
Hexaethyl Tetraphosphate and Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate as Aerosols against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (1948)

Journal Article Hexaethyl Tetraphosphate and Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate as Aerosols against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Get access Julius R. Hoffman Julius R. Hoffman Cornell University,1 Ithaca, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 41, Issue 3, 1 June 1948, Pages 356–362, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/41.3.356 Published: 01 June 1948
A Watch Strap Antenna for the Applications of Wearable Systems (2017)

A wearable antenna based on the metal watch strap is proposed. A prototype of a TISSOT classic watch is used for the demonstration. The width of the strap has only a little impact on the radiation patterns. However, the variations of the feeding location would dramatically influence the resonance frequency and the matching performance. The shapes and the graphic patterns of the wristband have contributions on the reflection coefficients as well as the radiation patterns. A fractional bandwidth of 77.8% could be obtained when feeding to the right of the dial at 2.46 GHz, which falls into the ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band. The main lobe is fairly wide in both E- and H-planes, which would enable the strap antenna to have a good adaptation for the various postures of the arm. The measurement results show good agreement with that of the simulations, which indicates it a potential option for the applications of wearable systems.
MAPPING SHALLOW WATER DEPTH FROM SATELLITE (2006)

Wave Kinematics Bathymetry (WKB) determines the water depth from ocean waves velocity. This method has been intensely researched over the past 20 years for remote sensing bathymetry. There are several successful implementations with nautical radars and aerial videography. Here we report on the first attempt to use high resolution satellite imagery. A successful test was made in a 60 km2 area adjacent to the San Diego bay inlet with high resolution (~1 m) images taken by the IKONOS satellite. Comparing results with a multibeam sonar survey we determined that the following can be achieved with satellite WKB: one sigma depth errors in the range of 5-10%, horizontal resolution proportional to depth (100 m at 10 m depth), for up to a maximum depth of 25 m. The paper also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of WKB relative to other methods.