gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained VEGF Blockade Results in Microenvironmental Sequestration of VEGF by Tumors and Persistent VEGF Receptor-2 Activation (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade has been validated clinically as a treatment for human cancers, yet virtually all patients eventually develop progressive disease during therapy. In order to dissect this phenomenon, we examined the effect of sustained VEGF blockade in a model of advanced pediatric cancer. Treatment of late-stage hepatoblastoma xenografts resulted in the initial collapse of the vasculature and significant tumor regression. However, during sustained treatment, vessels recovered, concurrent with a striking increase in tumor expression of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Whereas VEGF mRNA was expressed at the periphery of surviving clusters of tumor cells, both secreted VEGF and perlecan accumulated circumferential to central vessels. Vascular expression of heparanase, VEGF receptor-2 ligand binding, and receptor activation were concurrently maintained despite circulating unbound VEGF Trap. Endothelial survival signaling via Akt persisted. These findings provide a novel mechanism for vascular survival during sustained VEGF blockade and indicate a role for extracellular matrix molecules that sequester and release biologically active VEGF.
mRNA Differential Display Analysis of Nephrotic Kidney Glomeruli (1999)

All the sequences identified are of interest in respect to pathogenesis of proteinuria. Furthermore, this study reveals potentially new members to known gene families with tissue and cell type-specific expression.
Highly stable operation of 1.3-μm InGaAsP double-channel planar BH laser diodes at high temperature and high power (1983)

Most 1.3-μm wavelength InGaAsP laser diodes have hardly shown a stable operation at a high ambient temperature of ~70°C because of the high- temperature dependence of operating current. Double-channel planar buried-heterostructure laser diode (DC-PBH LD), as reported elsewhere,1 has many specific advantages, such as (1) low-threshold current, (2) high efficiency, (3) high power, and (4) high-temperature operation capability. This paper reports that the high reliability of DC-PBH LDs can be obtained even at high temperature from accelerated life tests.
General and physical chemistry (1918)

H. M. Dawson, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., 1918, 15, 1 DOI: 10.1039/AR9181500001
The Network Centralized Location Scheme Based On Doppler in Distributed Antenna System (2006)

This paper presents an estimation method of the location of user equipment (UE) using the velocity measure based on Doppler frequency shift in square distributed antenna system (DAS) layout. When the UE enters the cell, all remote antenna units (RAU) estimate the entering border of the cell, the initial entering position, the velocity of the UE, then update the new position till the UE move out from the cell. Thus the moving track of UE can be estimated. The performance is theoretically analyzed and simulations are performed to verify the correctness
Environmental Deterioration of Biodegradable, Oxo-biodegradable, Compostable, and Conventional Plastic Carrier Bags in the Sea, Soil, and Open-Air Over a 3-Year Period (2019)

There is clear evidence that discarded single-use carrier bags are accumulating in the environment. As a result, various plastic formulations have been developed which state they deteriorate faster and/or have fewer impacts on the environment because their persistence is shorter. This study examined biodegradable, oxo-biodegradable, compostable, and high-density polyethylene (i.e., a conventional plastic carrier bag) materials over a 3 year period. These materials were exposed in three natural environments; open-air, buried in soil, and submersed in seawater, as well as in controlled laboratory conditions. In the marine environment, the compostable bag completely disappeared within 3 months. However, the same compostable bag type was still present in the soil environment after 27 months but could no longer hold weight without tearing. After 9 months exposure in the open-air, all bag materials had disintegrated into fragments. Collectively, our results showed that none of the bags could be relied upon to show any substantial deterioration over a 3 year period in all of the environments. It is therefore not clear that the oxo-biodegradable or biodegradable formulations provide sufficiently advanced rates of deterioration to be advantageous in the context of reducing marine litter, compared to conventional bags.
Fluconazole in patients at risk from invasive aspergillosis (1993)

We report on four cases of aspergillosis which developed during therapy with fluconazole in patients who were immunosuppressed or granulocytopenic. Fluconazole may obscure the onset of aspergillosis. We feel that it should neither be given prophylactically nor for fever of unknown origin in patients who are at high risk of contracting aspergillosis.
Humans Can Discriminate More than 1 Trillion Olfactory Stimuli (2014)

Humans can discriminate several million different colors and almost half a million different tones, but the number of discriminable olfactory stimuli remains unknown. The lay and scientific literature typically claims that humans can discriminate 10,000 odors, but this number has never been empirically validated. We determined the resolution of the human sense of smell by testing the capacity of humans to discriminate odor mixtures with varying numbers of shared components. On the basis of the results of psychophysical testing, we calculated that humans can discriminate at least 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. This is far more than previous estimates of distinguishable olfactory stimuli. It demonstrates that the human olfactory system, with its hundreds of different olfactory receptors, far outperforms the other senses in the number of physically different stimuli it can discriminate.
Tag Recommendation Based on Collaborative Filtering and Text Similarity (2012)

In current social tagging system, users can freely add tags for the uploaded resources, which caused a problem that many tags could not describe the resource properly and even have some spelling errors. This problem may bring unnecessary troubles for other users who want to search this kind of resource. In this paper, a tag recommendation system based on collaborative filtering and text similarity is presented to solve the problem mentioned above. This system can automatically recommend some relevant tags for the new uploaded resources and thus the users can freely select tags from the system. Experimental results show that the recommended tags can effectively represent the contents of the webpages marked. Compared with the existing tag recommended methods, this method not only improves the accuracy of tags recommended, but also facilitates the webpage sharing and retrieval.
Laguerre-Gaussian radial Hilbert transform for edge-enhancement Fourier transform x-ray microscopy (2009)

An efficient technique to achieve isotropic edge enhancement in optics involves applying a radial Hilbert transform on the object spectrum. Here we demonstrate a simple setup for isotropic edge-enhancement in soft-x- ray microscopy, using a single diffractive Laguerre-Gaussian zone plate (LGZP) for radial Hilbert transform. Since the LGZP acts as a beam-splitter, diffraction efficiency problems usually associated with x-ray microscopy optics are not present in this system. As numerically demonstrated, the setup can detect optical path differences as small as lambda/50 with high contrast.
Air pollution and the skin (2014)

The increase of air pollution over the years has major effects on the human skin. The skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and environmental air pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxides, particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3) and cigarette smoke. Although human skin acts as a biological shield against pro-oxidative chemical and physical air pollutants, the prolonged or repetitive exposure to high levels of these pollutants may have profound negative effects on the skin. Exposure of the skin to air pollutants has been associated with skin aging and inflammatory or allergic skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis or acne, while skin cancer is among the most serious effects. On the other hand, some air pollutants (ie, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide) and scattering particulates (clouds and soot) in the troposphere reduce the effects of shorter wavelength UVR and significant reductions in UV irradiance have been observed in polluted urban areas.
The Frontal Tiara (1992)

A technique for the construction of a frontal bar and a forehead plate as a single unit is described. This technique could be used in any procedure in which a frontal bandeau is advanced and the forehead needs to be remodeled. By using microscrew fixation, the bulkiness of miniplates and wires is eliminated.
Vacant states of TiO <sub>2</sub> with rutile structure and their reflection in different‐type x‐ray absorption spectra (2002)

Abstract A tight‐binding linearized muffin‐tin orbital method was applied for the calculation of the densities of states (DOS) for TiO2 with the rutile structure in the wide energy region of the conduction band. The calculated partial DOS of titanium and oxygen were compared with the experimental Ti 2p total electron yield spectrum (TEY), which was measured in the present work, and the Ti 1s x‐ray absorption spectrum, O 1s TEY and bremstrahlung isochromat spectrum taken from the literature. We found that in the energy region higher than ∼6 eV above the bottom of the conduction band the fine structure of experimental absorption spectra follows the distribution of the corresponding partial DOS. In connection with this, one does not need to use any satellite mechanism for an interpretation of these spectra. In the region of vacant Ti 3d states (up to ∼6 eV), correspondence between the experimental and calculated splitting of t 2 g and eg subbands is observed in all spectra except Ti 2p TEY. As we showed using atomic calculations, this is connected with the Ti 2p 5 3d 1 multiplet in the final state of absorption which leads to suppression of the intensity of lower states of the t 2 g subband in Ti 2p TEY of TiO2. As a result, t 2 g – eg splitting extracted from Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 TEY is less than in Ti 3d DOS and other experimental spectra (Ti 1s XAS and O 1s TEY) in which an interaction of core level vacancy with photoelectron is absent owing to the delocalized character of valent states. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Recovery of Oriented Documents from Single Images (2002)

A method is presented for the fronto-parallel recovery of text documents in images of real scenes. Initially an extension of the standard 2D projection profile, commonly used in document recognition, is introduced to locate the horizontal vanishing point of the text plane. This allows us to segment the lines of text, which are then analysed to reveal the style of justification of the paragraphs. The change in line spacings exhibited due to perspective is then used to recover the vertical vanishing point of the document. We do not assume any knowledge of the focal length of the camera. Finally, a fronto-parallel view is recovered, suitable for OCR or other high-level recognition. We provide results demonstrating the algorithm's performance on documents over a wide range of orientations.
Dementia Care and Quality of Life in Assisted Living and Nursing Homes (2005)

Improvement in resident quality of life may be achieved by improved training and deployment of staff.
Accumulation of Krebs cycle intermediates and over-expression of HIF1α in tumours which result from germline FH and SDH mutations (2005)

The nuclear-encoded Krebs cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB, -C and -D), act as tumour suppressors. Germline mutations in FH predispose individuals to leiomyomas and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), whereas mutations in SDH cause paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas (HPGL). In this study, we have shown that FH-deficient cells and tumours accumulate fumarate and, to a lesser extent, succinate. SDH-deficient tumours principally accumulate succinate. In situ analyses showed that these tumours also have over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha), activation of HIF1alphatargets (such as vascular endothelial growth factor) and high microvessel density. We found no evidence of increased reactive oxygen species in our cells. Our data provide in vivo evidence to support the hypothesis that increased succinate and/or fumarate causes stabilization of HIF1alpha a plausible mechanism, inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases, has previously been suggested by in vitro studies. The basic mechanism of tumorigenesis in HPGL and HLRCC is likely to be pseudo-hypoxic drive, just as it is in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
Development of Large Scale Fractionation Methods (1979)

A large scale method for preparation of antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate from plasma or from Cohn fraction IV-1 (Fr. IV-1) has been described. It consists of the following steps: (a) partial purification by precipitation of impurities with 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000; (b) isolation of AT III from the PEG supernatant by batch adsorption and elution on heparin-Sepharose at a ratio corresponding to 45 vol of plasma or 80 vol of 10% Fr. IV-1 solution to 1 vol of gel; (c) concentration and desalting of the eluted AT III on a Pellicon ultrafiltration system; (d) pasteurization of AT III concentrate by heating for 10 h at 60 degrees C in the presence of 0.5 M sodium citrate at pH 7.5; (e) removal of excess citrate by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50; and (f) sterile filtration, filling and lyophilization. The recovery by activity was 32% from a 113-liter plasma batch and 16% from a 42-kg Fr. IV-1 batch. Both AT III concentrates, derived either from plasma or from Fr. IV-1, had similar specific activity and electrophoretic purity, were nonpyrogenic and met all other FDA requirements for biologic products. Pasteurization induced changes in disc gel and isotachophoretic patterns of AT III preparations.
Location Pattern of Archaeological Sites from the Echigo Plain, Niigata, during the Yayoi to the Medieval Age of Japan. (1996)

越後平野における遺跡の分布から,人々は弥生時代以降,洪水を受けながらも低地に生活領域を拡大していったことがうかがえる.特に古代では,それより以前の古墳時代の拠点的な性格を有していた地域からの流れをくみながら,新しい制度に伴う官衙遺跡として八幡林遺跡,緒立C遺跡,的場遺跡,曽根遺跡などが建設され,各地域での中心的な役割を形成していた.これら官衙遺跡の周辺には鉄生産地や土器生産地などがみられ,周辺の開発にも重要な役割を果たしていたことが考えられる.また,越後平野にある中小の河川は舟を利用した内水面の重要な交通路として,河川に沿って延びる自然堤防は陸上の交通路として機能し,各集落をつないでいたものと考えられる.しかし,越後平野の中でも遺跡が少なく,空白地帯である白根市周辺では馬場屋敷遺跡のように,洪水などで厚い堆積層に覆われた遺跡が存在する.一方,新潟砂丘上の緒立C遺跡は,遺跡が存続していた後に,地盤沈下により埋没している.これらのことは,低地にも遺跡の存在を推測させるものである.今後,越後平野でも埋没した低位段丘や埋没砂丘の調査が具体化することにより,周辺の各時代の景観の復元も可能であり,より越後平野と人とのかかわりがわかることを期待したい.
A semi-custom memory design for an asynchronous 8051 microcontroller (2008)

In this paper, we propose a methodology for interfacing synchronous IP memory blocks (read-only memory (ROM) and random-access memory (RAM)) with asynchronous-logic digital systems based on dual-rail, 4-phase signaling. The memory blocks (ROM and RAM) of an instruction-set compatible 8051 microcontroller (A8051) is implemented with Artisan IP memory blocks for the IBM 0.13μm CMOS technology. Interface circuits play the role of (1) synchronizing all the asynchronous input channels driving the IP memory blocks, (2) single rail signaling logic to dual-rail 4-phase signaling logic conversion and vice versa, and (3) capturing synchronous signals in memory read cycles and driving asynchronous channels. The A8051 with the proposed ROM and RAM design operates at 28% higher MIPS rate (millions of instructions per second), dissipates 20% lower energy per instruction, ∼50% lower Et <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and occupies 19% lesser area, as compared to the A8051 with register-based memory.
Effects of clenbuterol and propranolol on muscle mass. Evidence that clenbuterol stimulates muscle <i>β</i>-adrenoceptors to induce hypertrophy (1989)

1. A single subcutaneous injection of clenbuterol hydrochloride (0.125 mg/kg body wt.) to female Wistar rats produced a rapid increase in muscle cyclic AMP and lactate concentrations and a decrease in muscle glycogen concentrations. These changes are characteristic of muscle beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and were abolished by intraperitoneal injection of propranolol (12.5 mg/kg) 15 min before clenbuterol administration. 2. When this dose of clenbuterol was injected twice daily, the changes in muscle metabolite concentrations which followed its acute administration persisted until day 7 of treatment, and were accompanied by increases in muscle mass, body weight and muscle protein synthesis rate (ks). When the clenbuterol injections were preceded by propranolol injections (12.5 mg/kg administered according to the protocol described above), or if animals were treated with propranolol only, the values of these variables were not significantly different from those of sham-injected controls. 3. In rats fed on a semi-synthetic diet (PW3) supplemented with 2 mg of clenbuterol/kg of diet for 7 days, the muscle mass was greater than that of rats fed on unsupplemented PW3. The increased muscle mass was accompanied by increased muscle lactate and decreased muscle glycogen concentrations. When PW3 was supplemented with 2 mg of clenbuterol/kg and 200 mg of propranolol/kg, the increase in muscle mass remained, but decreased muscle glycogen concentrations and increased muscle lactate concentrations were also observed. 4. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that clenbuterol influences muscle growth via beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.
Life is sweet for student chocolatiers (2011)

Last summer was a busy one for the students and dedicated\ndesign and technology staff at Worden Sports College who\nwere involved in the schools first ever Summer Technology\nAcademy.Organised and delivered by the design and technology department this was by no means a new venture for some of the team. Keith Burroughs (Head of Faculty) and Scott Cunningham (Teacher of Resistant Materials) had both been involved every year since 2005 in the schools summer academies project with Suzie Carr (Teacher of Food Technology/Catering and newly appointed Head of PHSE) involved since 2007. Previously the event had been staged by the PE department and as such had a very different focus. Having been approached to co-ordinate the event Suzie and Scott quickly enlisted the help of Keith Burroughs, Art teacher Chris Hull and several trainee teachers from Edge Hill University. Trainees from both the Flexible PGCE and BSc (Hons) in Design and Technology courses supported staff for the duration of the project
Exchange-Coupled Bimagnetic Cobalt/Iron Oxide Branched Nanocrystal Heterostructures (2008)

A colloidal seeded-growth strategy, relying on time-programmed delivery of selected stabilizing surfactants, has been developed to synthesize bimagnetic hybrid nanocrystals (HNCs) that consist of a single-crystal tetrapod-shaped skeleton of ferrimagnetic (FiM) iron oxide functionalized with multiple polycrystalline spherical domains of ferromagnetic (FM) Co. Due to the direct bonding interfaces formed between the two materials at the relevant junction regions, the HNCs exhibit FiM-FM exchange coupling, which transcribes into a rich scenario of significantly modified properties (not otherwise achievable with any of the single components or with their physical mixtures), including higher saturation magnetization and coercitivity values, exchange biasing, and enhanced thermal stability due to induced extra anisotropy. The availability of these new types of HNCs suggests that development of appropriate synthetic tools for arranging distinct material domains in predetermined spatial arrangements could lead to a more rational design of nanoheterostructures potentially exploitable as active elements in future generations of magnetic recording devices.
Improving automatic interface generation with smart templates (2004)

One of the challenges of using mobile devices for ubiquitous re-mote control is the creation of the user interface. If automatically generated designs are used, then they must be close in quality to hand-designed interfaces. Automatically generated interfaces can be dramatically improved if they use standard conventions to which users are accustomed, such as the arrangement of buttons on a telephone dial-pad or the conventional play, stop, and pause icons on a media player. Unfortunately, it can be difficult for a system to determine where to apply design conventions because each appliance may represent its functionality differently. Smart Templates is a technique that uses parameterized templates in the appliance model to specify when such conventions might be automatically applied in the user interface. Our templates easily adapt to existing appliance models and interface generators on different platforms can apply appropriate design conventions using templates.
Fault restoration and spare capacity allocation with QoS constraints for MPLS networks (2002)

This paper investigates distributed fault restoration techniques for multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) to automatically reroute label switched paths in the event of link or router failures while maintaining quality of service (QoS) requirements. Protocols for path and partial path restoration are evaluated. A backup route selection algorithm based on optimization of equivalent bandwidth is formulated and demonstrated for an example network.
Tumor Cell Pseudopodial Protrusions (2005)

The pseudopodial protrusions of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)-Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-invasive (INV) variant cells were purified on 1-microm pore polycarbonate filters that selectively allow passage of the pseudopodial domains but not the cell body. The purified pseudopodial fraction contains phosphotyrosinated proteins, including Met and FAK, and various signaling proteins, including Raf1, MEK1, ERK2, PKBalpha (Akt1), GSK3alpha, GSK3beta, Rb, and Stat3. Pseudopodial proteins identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry included actin and actin-regulatory proteins (ERM, calpain, filamin, myosin, Sra-1, and IQGAP1), tubulin, vimentin, adhesion proteins (vinculin, talin, and beta1 integrin), glycolytic enzymes, proteins associated with protein translation, RNA translocation, and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, as well as protein chaperones (HSP90 and HSC70) and signaling proteins (RhoGDI and ROCK). Inhibitors of MEK1 (U0126) and HSP90 (geldanamycin) significantly reduced MSV-MDCK-INV cell motility and pseudopod expression, and geldanamycin treatment inhibited Met phosphorylation and induced the expression of actin stress fibers. ROCK inhibition did not inhibit cell motility but transformed the pseudopodial protrusions of MSV-MDCK-INV cells into extended lamellipodia. Dominant negative Rho disrupted pseudopod expression and, in serum-starved cells, L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (oleoyl) activation of Rho induced pseudopodial protrusions or, in the presence of the ROCK inhibitor, extended lamellipodia. RNA was localized to the actin-rich pseudopodial domains of MSV-MDCK-INV cells, but the extent of colocalization with dense actin ruffles was reduced in the extended lamellipodia formed upon ROCK inhibition. Rho/ROCK activation in epithelial tumor cells therefore regulates RNA translocation to a pseudopodial domain that contains proteins involved in signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, glycolysis, and protein translation and degradation.
Antennen (1963)

Im vorangegangenen Abschnitt über die Leitungen mußte der Eindruck entstehen, daß die Schwingungsenergie mit der Leitung unlösbar verbunden sei. Dies stimmt nur bedingt, Wir wollen darum zunächst die Voraussetzungen entwickeln, die zu einer Ablösung von der Leitung führen.