gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust H.264/AVC Video Transmission using Data Partitioning and Unequal Loss Protection (2010)

In this work, we present an adaptive unequal loss protection (ULP) scheme for H264/AVC video transmission over lossy networks. This scheme combines erasure coding, H.264/AVC error resilience techniques and importance measures in video coding. The unequal importance of the video packets is identified in the group of pictures (GOP) and the H.264/AVC data partitioning levels. The presented method can adaptively assign unequal amount of forward error correction (FEC) parity across the video packets according to the network conditions, such as the available network bandwidth, packet loss rate and average packet burst loss length. A near optimal algorithm is developed to deal with the FEC assignment for optimization. The simulation results show that our scheme can effectively utilize network resources such as bandwidth, while improving the quality of the video transmission. In addition, the proposed ULP strategy ensures graceful degradation of the received video quality as the packet loss rate increases.
Hydrolytic reactions of cyclic bis(3′‐5′)diadenylic acid (c‐di‐AMP) (2012)

Hydrolytic reactions of cyclic bis(3′‐5′)diadenylic acid (c‐di‐AMP) have been followed by Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) over a wide pH range at 90 °C. Under neutral and basic conditions (pH ≥ 7), disappearance of the starting material (first‐order in [OH − ]) was accompanied by formation of a mixture of adenosine 2′‐monophosphate and 3′‐monophosphate (2′‐AMP and 3′‐AMP). Under very acidic conditions (from H 0 = −0.7 to 0.2), c‐di‐AMP undergoes two parallel reactions (first‐order in [H + ]): the starting material is cleaved to 2′‐AMP and 3′‐AMP and depurinated to adenine (i.e., cleavage of the N ‐glycosidic bond), the former reaction being slightly faster than the latter one. At pH 1–3, isomerization to cyclic bis(2′‐5′)diadenylic acid competes with the depurination. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Chemical View of Magnetron and Reactive Ion Etching of Si with Cl<sub>2</sub> (1990)

Magnetron reactive ion etching and conventional reactive ion etching of Si with Cl 2 have been investigated in the light of the corresponding plasma properties of the discharges. Experiments were performed over a wide pressure range using a planar 13.56-MHz rf plasma reactor, with and without an external magnetic field parallel to the cathode surface. Plasma diagnostics included microwave interferometry, mass spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy, and laser-induced fluorescence. Attention was focused on ion energies and fluxes onto the cathode and neutral radical densities in the plasma, which are related to the etching characteristics obtained. The outstanding plasma features observed are that in magnetron, the plasma density and hence the ion flux to the surface are about an order of magnitude higher, but the flux of neutral radicals is reduced relative to ions.
UDP identification and error mitigation in toa-based indoor localization systems using neural network architecture (2009)

Time-of-Arrival (ToA) based localization has attracted considerable attention for solving the very complex and challenging problem of indoor localization, mainly due to its fine range estimation process. However, ToA-based localization systems are very vulnerable to the blockage of the direct path (DP) and occurrence of undetected direct path (UDP) conditions. Erroneous detection of other multipath components as DP, which corresponds to the true distance between transmitter and receiver, introduces substantial ranging and localization error into ToA-based systems. Therefore, in order to enable robust and accurate ToA-based indoor localization, it is important to identify and mitigate occurrence of DP blockage. In this paper we present two methodologies to identify and mitigate the UDP conditions in indoor environments. We first introduce our identification technique which utilizes the statistics of radio propagation channel metrics along with binary hypothesis testing and then we introduce our novel identification technique which integrates the same statistics into a neural network architecture. We analyze each approach and the effects of neural network parameters on the accuracy of the localization system. We also compare the results of the two approaches in a sample indoor environment using both real-time measurement and ray tracing simulation. The identification metrics are extracted from wideband frequency-domain measurements conducted in a typical office building with a system bandwidth of 500 MHz, centered around 1 GHz. Then we show that with the knowledge of the channel condition, it is possible to improve the localization performance by mitigating those UDP-induced ranging errors. Finally, we compare the standard deviation of localization error of traditional localization system and UDP identification-enhanced localization system with their respective lower bound.
Determination of the point of fixation in a head-fixed coordinate system (2002)

Describes a video-based, contact-free image processing system for the determination of the point of fixation. Two steps are essential for this purpose: determination of both the 3-D eye position (eye tracking) and the gaze function (gaze tracking). The gaze camera changes its orientation to follow the movement of the head and keeps the centre of the eye being always at its optical axis. A novel algorithm (head-fixed coordinate transformation) compensates influences of both the head movement and the pose change of the gaze camera on the gaze function and determines the point of fixation in 3-D space.
Experiments and Model Simulations of the Viscosity and Dilatation of Glass Coatings with Temperature Dependence (2009)

Glass coatings on ceramics or metals are microcomposite materials, consisting of granular oxide phases as pigments and small bubbles that are distributed in glass. Knowledge of dilatation and viscosity versus temperature is essential for applications and simulation methods are necessary. However, the significance of the models depends on the specificity of the compositions and microstructure of glass‐containing pigments. In this study, the viscosity and dilatation of glass coatings were characterized by dilatometry and the sessile drop method. The results show how the physical properties vary with the quantity of zircon grains and bubbles. Simulations with calculation methods for bulk glasses show discrepancies with the experiments, which are caused by the presence of zircon grains and bubbles. We provide evidence that improved models can be obtained by adding equations describing the behavior of glasses containing rigid inclusions and bubbles. The resulting methods provide the opportunity to discover new composition areas of glass coatings having predefined combinations of properties.
Developmentally Imprinted Genes as Markers for Bladder Tumor Progression (1996)

These data demonstrate that H19 is an oncodevelopmental marker of bladder tumor progression and raise the possibility that H19 may have oncogenic properties in bladder cancer.
A fast and stable method for Raman amplifier propagation equations (2003)

A novel predictor-corrector method for the coupled equations for ultrabroad-band Raman amplifiers with multiple pumps is proposed and derived, for the first time, based on the Adams formula. The proposed algorithm is effective in solving Raman amplifier equations that include pumps, signals, noises, and their backscattering waves. The detail procedure is given, and proves the excellence of our algorithm. Simulation results show that, in designing the Raman amplifier, our multistep method can effectively improve the accuracy and stability compared with the one-step method and explicit multistep method. The numerical results show that the power of backscattering pumps and signals is lower by ~30 dB and 20 dB than their original power, respectively, and the power of forward and backward noises is less than that of input signals by ~30 dB under our simulation conditions.
Kallikrein gene family expression in the rat ovary: localization to the granulosa cell (1995)

The glandular or tissue kallikreins are a multigene family of serine proteases, of which 13 genes (rKLK1-13) have been identified in the rat and are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Kallikrein-like enzyme activity has been detected during the periovulatory period in the gonadotropin-primed immature female rat ovary and suggested to play a role in the inflammatory-like response at ovulation. In this study, we examined whether this enzyme activity was due to local expression of a rat KLK gene family member. Ovarian RNA, prepared from gonadotropin-treated animals, was assessed for rKLK gene expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with universal rKLK primers derived from highly conserved regions in the rat KLK genes. Southern blot analysis of the RT-PCR products, using oligonucleotide probes specific for the individual genes, indicated that five rKLK gene family members, rKLK1 (encoding true kallikrein), rKLK3, rKLK7, rKLK8, and rKLK9, were expressed at varying levels in the ovaries of both untreated control and gonadotropin-treated immature female rats. The identities of these five rKLK messenger RNAs were further confirmed by DNA sequence analysis of the PCR products. In situ hybridization of gonadotropin-treated ovaries localized rKLK3 and rKLK7 gene expression to the luteinizing granulosa cells of periovulatory follicles. In an enriched population of nonluteinizing granulosa cells prepared from estrogen-primed animals, we also demonstrated rKLK3, rKLK7, rKLK9, and rKLK12 (but not rKLK1 or rKLK8) expression, whereas all six genes were expressed in the ovaries of these animals. In summary, we have reported the expression of six KLK gene family members in the rat ovary and localized this expression primarily to the granulosa cell. The potential roles of these enzymes in ovulation or other aspects of ovarian, particularly granulosa cell, function are yet to be elucidated.
An Advanced Traveller Advisory Tool Based on Individual Preferences (2014)

This paper presents some theoretical and operative aspects of TVPTA (Tor Vergata Personal Travel Advisor), an Advanced Traveller Advisory Tool (ATAT) under development at the Transport Centre of the “Tor Vergata” University of Rome. It should be able to assist users travelling on multimodal networks, suggesting the best paths according to their personal preferences. Such paths are individuated on the basis of the estimation of a perceived path utility formalised within the Random Utility Theory. The first part of this paper illustrates the user needs, the logical and the functional architecture of TVPTA; it also includes the transit modelling framework to provide personalized pre-trip information and the learning process to capture individual preferences. The second part describes an implementation example of TVPTA concepts in the metropolitan area of Rome (Italy).
Nanoparticles: Building blocks for nanotechnology (2005)

The diverse structures and properties of nanoparticles make them useful tools for both fundamental studies and pragmatic applications in a range of disciplines. This volume is intended to explore this diversity. The first section covers on formation of nanoparticles, and assembly of these systems into structured systems. The second section focuses on both the fundamental physical properties of nanoparticles and pragmatic applications of these systems in the areas of device and materials fabrication. The book will approach the subject from a chemical standpoint, in contrast to most books which are oriented towards materials science or physics. It will also appeal to materials scientists and physicists who are becoming aware of the contributions that chemists can make here.
Uncalibrated Reconstruction of Curved Surfaces. (1997)

In this article, we show that even if the camera is uncalibrated and its translational motion is unknown, curved surfaces can be reconstructed from their apparent contours up to a 3D affine ambiguity. Further, we show that even if the reconstruction is non-metric (non-Euclidean), we can still extract useful information from the reconstruction for many computer vision applications, such as distinguishing curved surfaces from fixed features and computing the time-to-contact to the curved surfaces.
Fault Tolerance in Process Control: An Overview And Examples of European Products (1987)

Fult-tolerant architectures vary widely. The key to choosing a cost-effective plant control system is to provide no more redundancy than necessary.
Effective DNA/RNA Co-Extraction for Analysis of MicroRNAs, mRNAs, and Genomic DNA from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Specimens (2012)

We determined that co-extraction of genomic DNA and total RNA from a single FFPE specimen is an effective recovery approach to obtain high-quality material for parallel molecular and high-throughput analyses. Our optimized approach provides the option of collecting DNA, which would otherwise be discarded or degraded, for additional or subsequent studies.
Dendrite Tracking in Microscopic Images using Minimum Spanning Trees and Localized E-M (2006)

We describe in this document our preliminary results regarding the tracking of dendrites spreading from a neuron in confocal microscope images. When using a small number of image layers, we obtain good results by combining a EM-based local estimate of the probability that an image pixel belongs to a neuron filament with the global tree properties of the complete set of dendrites. The optimal tree is obtained with a modified minimum-spanning tree procedure. We will argue that this approach extends naturally to the complete data volume and should give even better results.
Theaflavins attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation through activating AMPK in human HepG2 cells (2007)

Black tea is one of the world's most popular beverages, and its health-promoting effects have been intensively investigated. The antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of black tea have attracted increasing interest, but the mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear. In the present study, the black tea major component theaflavins were assessed for their hepatic lipid-lowering potential when administered in fatty acid overload conditions both in cell culture and in an animal experimental model. We found that theaflavins significantly reduced lipid accumulation, suppressed fatty acid synthesis, and stimulated fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, theaflavins also inhibited acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activities by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through the LKB1 and reactive oxygen species pathways. These observations support the idea that AMPK is a critical component of decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by theaflavin treatments. Our results show that theaflavins are bioavailable both in vitro and in vivo and may be active in the prevention of fatty liver and obesity.
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Infection Induces Prosurvival Metabolic Signaling in Macrophages (2011)

Host cells use metabolic signaling through the LXRα nuclear receptor to defend against Listeria monocytogenes infection. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is a natural ligand of LXRs that is produced by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). We found that expression of Ch25h is upregulated following L. monocytogenes infection in a beta interferon (IFN-β)-dependent fashion. Moreover, increased Ch25h expression promotes survival of L. monocytogenes-infected cells and increases sensitivity of the host to infection. We determined that expression of Cd5l, a prosurvival gene, is controlled by CH25H. In addition, we found that CD5L inhibits activation of caspase-1, promoting survival of infected macrophages. Our results reveal a mechanism by which an intracellular pathogen can prolong survival of infected cells, thus providing itself with a protected environment in which to replicate.
Measuring disability prevalence (2007)

work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. For free copies
Laserspray Ionization on a Commercial Atmospheric Pressure-MALDI Mass Spectrometer Ion Source: Selecting Singly or Multiply Charged Ions (2010)

Multiply charged ions, similar to those obtained with electrospray ionization, are produced at atmospheric pressure (AP) using standard MALDI conditions of laser fluence and reflective geometry. Further, the charge state can be switched to singly charged ions nearly instantaneously by changing the voltage applied to the MALDI target plate. Under normal AP-MALDI operating conditions in which a voltage is applied to the target plate, primarily singly charged ions are observed, but at or near zero volts, highly charged ions are observed for peptides and proteins. Thus, switching between singly and multiply charged ions requires only manipulation of a single voltage. As in ESI, multiple charging, produced using the AP-MALDI source, allows compounds with molecular weights beyond the mass-to-charge limit of the mass spectrometer to be observed and improves the fragmentation relative to singly charged ions.
Stiffness versus architecture of single helical polyisocyanopeptides (2013)

Helical structures play a vital role in nature, offering mechanical rigidity, chirality and structural definition to biological systems. Little is known about the influence of the helical architecture on the intrinsic properties of polymers. Here, we offer an insight into the nano architecture of helical polymers by measuring helical polyisocyanopeptides with single molecule force spectroscopy. An unprecedented large heterogeneity in the stiffness of the polymers was found. The heterogeneity persisted when the stiffness of these polymers was steered by: (1) enhancing the formation of the hydrogen bonding network along the polymer, (2) via π–π stacking interactions of aromatic perylenes, and (3) by changing the stereochemistry of the side chain. However, the heterogeneity was lost after completely disrupting the secondary structure by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed three possible structural conformations which can account for the observed heterogeneity and their corresponding energy landscape is proposed.
Evaluation of the IEEE 802.11p multi-channel operation in vehicular networks (2016)

This paper explores recent improvements in 802.11p multi-channel protocol in vehicular ad-hoc networks. We provide definitions for a vehicular network and explore the operation of 802.11 within a vehicular network. We also study on areas of improvements of this protocol and briefly discuss on advantages and disadvantages of each solution.Various solutions that various researchers have done to improve the 802.11p multi-channel protocol as it applies to vehicular networks are explored in this paper.
A Temporal Blockchain: A Formal Analysis (2016)

This paper presents a possible solution to a fundamental limitation facing all blockchain-based systems; scalability. We propose a temporal rolling blockchain which solves the problem of its current exponential growth, instead replacing it with a constant fixed-size blockchain. We conduct a thorough analysis of related work and present a formal analysis of the new rolling blockchain, comparing the results to a traditional blockchain model to demonstrate that the deletion of data from the blockchain does not impact on the security of the proposed blockchain model before concluding our work and presenting future work to be conducted.
Evaluation of risk factors for degenerative joint disease associated with hip dysplasia in dogs (1995)

Passive coxofemoral joint laxity of dogs, as quantitated by a distraction-stress radiographic method, may have important prognostic value in determining susceptibility to hip dysplasia. Data from 151 dogs, representing 13 breeds, were included in a logistic regression model to evaluate the contribution of factors such as age, breed, weight, sex, distraction index, and Norberg angle to the risk of developing degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the coxofemoral joint. Of the factors studied, the amount of passive hip laxity, as quantitated by the distraction index, was the most significant (P < 0.0001) determinant of the risk to develop DJD of the coxofemoral joint. In the longitudinal and cross-sectional components of the study, distraction index was a significant (P < 0.001) risk factor for DJD, irrespective of age at evaluation (4, 12, or 24 months). The strength of the hip laxity:DJD correlation increased with the age of dog. In contrast, the Norberg angle, a measure of hip laxity on the standard hip-extended radiograph, was not found to be a significant risk factor for DJD, either in the longitudinal or cross-sectional analyses. Breed-specific probability curves of DJD susceptibility indicated that German Shepherd Dogs had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater risk of developing DJD than did the pool of non-German Shepherd Dogs. The information derived from this statistical model will help to scientifically characterize the role of passive hip laxity as a component in the pathogenesis of DJD of the coxofemoral joint.
High‐resolution ZTE imaging of human teeth (2012)

MRI with zero echo time (ZTE) is achieved by 3D radial centre-out encoding and hard-pulse RF excitation while the projection gradient is already on. Targeting short-T(2) samples, the efficient, robust and silent ZTE approach was implemented for high-bandwidth high-resolution imaging requiring particularly rapid transmit-receive switching and algebraic image reconstruction. The ZTE technique was applied to image extracted human teeth at 11.7T field strength, yielding detailed depictions with very good delineation of the mineralised dentine and enamel layers. ZTE results are compared with UTE (ultra-short echo time) MRI and micro-computed tomography (μCT), revealing significant differences in SNR and CNR yields. Compared to μCT, ZTE MRI appears to be less susceptible to artefacts caused by dental fillings and to offer superior sensitivity for the detection of early demineralisation and caries lesions.
PIN-based cancelable biometrics (2016)

Biometric authentication systems are more and more deployed in replacement of traditional authentication systems. Security of such systems is required in real-world applications and constitutes a major challenge in biometric field. An ef-ficient approach of this issue is realized by cancelable biometrics. However, the security of such biometric systems is often overestimated or based on restrictive as-sumptions. This paper presents and investigates a PIN-based variant for cancelable biometrics applied to fingerprint, achieving 0-EER and templates diversity. 1
The fluence–resolution relationship in holographic and coherent diffractive imaging (2017)

This work presents a numerical study of the fluence-resolution behaviour for two coherent lensless X-ray imaging techniques. To this end the fluence-resolution relationship of inline near-field holography and far-field coherent diffractive imaging are compared in numerical experiments. To achieve this, the phase reconstruction is carried out using iterative phase-retrieval algorithms on simulated noisy data. Using the incident photon fluence on the specimen as the control parameter, the achievable resolution for two example phantoms (cell and bitmap) is studied. The results indicate the superior performance of holography compared with coherent diffractive imaging, for the same fluence and phase-reconstruction procedure.