gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Siponimod (BAF312) for the Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Design of the Phase 3 EXPAND Trial (P07.126) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To present the design of a phase 3 study intended to demonstrate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of siponimod as compared with placebo in individuals with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).
Oculomotor Effects of delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans: Implications for the Functional Neuroanatomy of the Brain Cannabinoid System (2002)

The significance of cannabinoid signaling for human cognition and motor control is still poorly understood. Here, we have investigated acute behavioral effects of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with oculomotor paradigms in 12 healthy human subjects. Compared to baseline testing: (i) THC increased latencies of reflexive visually guided saccades, while their accuracy was not affected; (ii) latencies of memory-guided saccades were unaffected, but THC modulated accuracy of these eye movements by increasing average gain and gain variability; (iii) frequency of anticipated memory-guided saccades and antisaccade errors was increased; (iv) the saccade amplitude/peak velocity relationships were not affected. These results show that THC acts on selected aspects of saccade control, namely spatial attention shifts, fine tuning of volitional saccades, spatial working memory and inhibition of inappropriate saccades. The pattern of effects suggests modulation of neuronal activity in substantia nigra pars reticulata and/or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and sparing of the eye fields and the final motor pathway for saccades. Behaviorally, our findings reflect the distribution of CB-1 cannabinoid receptors in the human neocortex, basal ganglia and brainstem and provide evidence for participation of the cannabinoidergic system in high level control of saccades and associated cognitive functions. Saccadic eye movements may provide an objective measure of motor and cognitive effects of cannabinoids.
On the predictability of program behavior using different input data sets (2003)

Smaller input data sets such as the test and the train input sets are commonly used in simulation to estimate the impact of architecture/micro-architecture features on the performance of SPEC benchmarks. They are also used for profile feedback compiler optimizations. In this paper, we examine the reliability of reduced input sets for performance simulation and profile feedback optimizations. We study the high level metrics such as IPC and procedure level profiles as well as lower level measurements such as execution paths exercised by various input sets on the SPEC2000int benchmark. Our study indicates that the test input sets are not suitable to be used for simulation because they do not have an execution profile similar to the reference input runs. The train data set is better than the test data sets at maintaining similar profiles to the reference input set. However, the observed execution paths leading to cache misses are very different between using the smaller input sets and the reference input sets. For current profile based optimizations, the differences in quality of profiles may not have a significant impact on performance, as tested on the Itanium processor with an Intel compiler. However, we believe the impact of profile quality will be greater for more aggressive profile guided optimizations, such as cache prefetching.
Negative‐Refractive‐Index Transmission‐Line Metamaterials (2005)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Background Transmission-Line Theory of Negative-Refractive-Index Media Periodically Loaded Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line (NRI-TL) Metamaterials Microwave Circuit Simulations Experimental Verification of Focusing Conclusion References
Blockchain-Based Approach for Proving the Source of Digital Media (2020)

The blockchain is an intelligent and cryptographically secure technology. Blockchain provides data integrity, security, and anonymity without any third-party enabling immutable database technology with a built-in trust mechanism. In this paper, we focused on utilizing blockchain technology for proving the origin of digital media by enhancing the functionality of an existing solution. This research improves the functionality of the existing solution by using perceptual hashing. Perceptual hashing ables to differentiate similar digital media and ensures the explicit relationship between the digital media and the content creator. Experimental results show that perceptual hashing gives better performance in the detection of image alteration and sensitive to small changes.
Trace DNA: A Review, Discussion of Theory, and Application of the Transfer of Trace Quantities of DNA Through Skin Contact (2002)

Advances in STR PCR DNA profiling technology allow for the analysis of minute quantities of DNA. It is frequently possible to obtain successful DNA results from cellular material transferred from the skin of an individual who has simply touched an object. Handling objects, such as weapons or other items associated with a crime, touching surfaces, or wearing clothing, may represent sufficient contact to transfer small numbers of DNA bearing cells, or trace DNA, which can be successfully analyzed. With this minimal amount of contact required to yield a suspect profile comes tremendous crime solving potential, and a number of considerations for prudent application, and the maximization of evidentiary value. Evidentiary materials not previously considered must be recognized and preserved, and the resulting DNA type profiles interpreted in their proper forensic context.
High-performance, hysteresis-free carbon nanotube field-effect transistors via directed assembly (2006)

High-performance, single-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWCNT-FETs) are fabricated using directed assembly and mass-produced carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These FETs exhibit operating characteristics comparable to state-of-the-art devices, and the process provides a route to large-scale functional CNT circuit assembly that circumvents problems inherent in processes relying on chemical vapor deposition. Furthermore, the integration of hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers in the device structure eliminates the primary source of gating hysteresis in SWCNT-FETs; this leads to hysteresis-free FET operation while exposing unmodified nanotube surfaces to ambient air.
Functional Expression of Ion Channels in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord Vein (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to renew and differentiate into various lineages of mesenchymal tissues. We used undifferentiated human mesenchymal-like stem cells from human umbilical cord vein (hUC-MSCs), a cell line which contains several mesenchymal cell markers. We characterized functional ion channels in cultured hUC-MSCs with whole-cell patch clamp and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three types of outward current were found in these cells: the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (IK(Ca)), a transient outward K(+) current (I(to)), and a delayed rectifier K(+) current (IK(DR)). IK(Ca) and IK(DR) were totally suppressed by tetraethylammonium, and IK(Ca) was sensitive to a specific blocker, iberiotoxin. I(to) was inhibited by 4-aminopyridine. Another type of inward rectifier K(+) current (K(ir)) was also detected in approximately 5% of hUC-MSCs. Elevation of external potassium ion concentration increased the K(ir) current amplitude and positively shifted its reversal potential. In addition, inward Na(+) current (I(Na)) was found in these cells ( approximately 30%); the current was blocked by tetrodotoxin and verapamil. In the RT-PCR analysis, Kv1.1, Kv4.2, Kv1.4, Kir2.1, heag1, MaxiK, hNE-Na, and TWIK-1 were detected. These results suggested that multiple functional ion channel currents, IK(Ca), IK(DR), I(to), I(Na), and K(ir), are expressed in hUC-MSCs. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Treatment of hemodialysis bone disease with 24,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone or in combination. (1985)

We studied the effects of vitamin D metabolites in 29 patients established on chronic hemodialysis. The patients were divided into four groups; one was treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] 0.5 microgram/day, one with 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3] 10 micrograms/day, and one with both metabolites. The control group was not given vitamin D. Plasma levels of both metabolites were low before treatment. 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels became normal, and 24,25-(OH)2D3 increased to supranormal levels after administration of the corresponding metabolite. Combined treatment produced still higher plasma levels of 24,25-(OH)2D3, suggesting an interaction between the two metabolites. Patients receiving 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone had a greater increase in plasma calcium than those receiving both metabolites. In control patients, hyperparathyroid bone disease worsened over the 10-month observation period. 1,25-(OH)2D3 improved hyperparathyroid bone disease in most patients, as reflected by a reduction in osteoclast and osteoblast numbers, but had no demonstrable effect on mild osteomalacia. 24,25-(OH)2D3 had no significant effect on plasma biochemistry or bone histology, and the effect of combined treatment on histology was similar to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone. Stainable bone aluminum increased slightly in patients given 1,25-(OH)2D3, but aluminum did not affect the response to treatment. We conclude that 1,25-(OH)2D3 is a useful agent in the treatment of renal bone disease, but no therapeutic role is apparent for 24,25-(OH)2D3.
Surface diffusion of In on Si(111): Evidence for surface ionization effects (1996)

Second harmonic microscopy has been used to quantify the surface diffusion of In on Si(111). At temperatures near 50% of the bulk melting temperature and in the coverage range 0&lt;θ&lt;0.7, the activation energy Ediff and pre-exponential factor D0 lie at 42±0.5 kcal/mol and 3×103±0.3 cm2/s, respectively. These parameters, which are quite large, are explained semiquantitatively by reference to an adatom–vacancy model recently developed for related systems. The present work, when compared with the results of these other systems, offers significant evidence for the effects of adatom–vacancy ionization.
Project Commercial 108: Salt Research with feeder lambs (2012)

Experiments designed to test the need and value of salt in the rations\nof feeder lambs have been conducted by the Kansas Agricultural\nExperiment Station for the past three years. The tests have shown\nthat feedlot gains and feedlot efficiency are reduced when supplemental\nsalt is withheld from the rations of fattening lambs in the\nfeedlot. When the lamb were all slaughtered after a uniform feeding\nperiod, the lambs receiving no salt had lower yielding and lower\ngrading carcasses than the lambs given salt.
Model-based image reconstruction for dual-energy X-ray CT with fast KVP switching (2009)

The most recent generation of X-ray CT systems can collect dual energy (DE) sinograms by rapidly switching the X-ray tube voltage between two levels for alternate projection views. This reduces motion artifacts in DE imaging, but yields sinograms that may be angularly under-sampled. This paper describes an iterative algorithm for statistical image reconstruction of material component images (e.g., soft tissue and bone) directly from such under-sampled DE data, without resorting to the interpolation operations required by conventional DE reconstruction methods.
A rapid approach for phenotype‐screening and database independent detection of cSNP/protein polymorphism using mass accuracy precursor alignment (2008)

The dynamics of a proteome can only be addressed with large-scale, high-throughput methods. To cope with the inherent complexity, techniques based on targeted quantification using proteotypic peptides are arising. This is an essential systems biology approach; however, for the exploratory discovery of unexpected markers, nontargeted detection of proteins, and protein modifications is indispensable. We present a rapid label-free shotgun proteomics approach that extracts relevant phenotype-specific peptide product ion spectra in an automated workflow without prior identification. These product ion spectra are subsequently sequenced with database search and de novo prediction algorithms. We analyzed six potato tuber cultivars grown on three plots of two geographically separated fields in Germany. For data mining about 1.5 million spectra from 107 analyses were aligned and statistically examined in approximately 1 day. Several cultivar-specific protein markers were detected. Based on de novo-sequencing a dominant protein polymorphism not detectable in the available EST-databases was assigned exclusively to a specific potato cultivar. The approach is applicable to organisms with unsequenced or incomplete genomes and to the automated extraction of relevant mass spectra that potentially cannot be identified by genome/EST-based search algorithms.
Infant Feeding and Feeding Transitions During the First Year of Life (2008)

Supplementing breast milk with infant formula while infants were still in the hospital was very common. Despite recommendations that complementary foods not be introduced to infants aged 4 months or younger, almost half of the infants in this study had consumed solid foods by the age of 4 months. This early introduction of complementary foods was associated with unhealthful subsequent feeding behaviors.
A graphical simulation software for predicting IEEE 802.5 token-ring performances (1987)

GRASP (Graphical Ring Access Simulation Program) is a graphical simulation software created specifically for analysing the performance of computer communications networks conforming to the IEEE802.5 local area networking standard. The performance parameters evaluated by the software are: the maximum, and the average, achieveable data rate of each node; the maximum, and the average, message queueing delay; as well as, the maximum number of data bits at the output buffer of each node. All these results are provided by GRASP in evaluating the performance of a token-ring network.
Interaction between epidermal growth factor and its receptor in progression of human gastric carcinoma (1988)

The expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor were studied immunohistochemically in a total of 156 gastric carcinomas; 26 early and 130 advanced. No EGF immunoreactivity was found in early carcinomas, while EGF-positive tumor cells were detected in 38 (29.2%) of the 130 advanced carcinomas. EGF receptor immunoreactivity was detected in one (3.8%) of the 26 early carcinomas and in 44 (33.8%) of the 130 advanced carcinomas, the incidence being significantly different (p less than 0.01). Out of the 130 advanced carcinomas, 17 (13.1%) had synchronous expression of EGF and its receptor and most of the tumors with strong expression of EGF were positive to EGF receptor. A significant correlation was observed between the depth of tumor invasion and EGF or its receptor immunoreactivity in tumor cells (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, a good correlation was demonstrated between the synchronous expression of EGF and its receptor and the depth of tumor invasion or the tumor staging. The incidence of cases with EGF in metastatic tumors was significantly higher than that in primary tumors (p less than 0.05). Patients with synchronous expression of EGF and its receptor had a far poorer prognosis than those without EGF and receptor.
Investigation of Customer Behavior Analysis Based on Top-View Depth Camera (2017)

Human behavior analysis based on surveillance camera is one of hot topics in security, marketing as well as computer vision and pattern recognition, and these are useful for commercial facilities such as convenience stores or book stores. In general, since surveillance camera is placed on the ceiling near store wall to monitor customer behaviors, the majority of this research utilize human model adapted to a front view of the person because the human shape has high discriminative power for human detection, pose estimation, etc. However, this approach has a problem that customers are often occluded by others in the store. To solve this occlusion problem for behavior analysis, we propose a new human behavior analysis method with top-view depth camera. In this research, for the first step to investigate the effectiveness of the analysis, we suppose the book store situation. Our proposed method is composed two behavior estimators. The first estimator is based on height of hand with depth information and the second is based on SVM with depth and PSA (Pixel State Analysis) based features. The characteristic point of our proposed method is that we utilize these estimators by cascading them. From experimental results with 10 behaviors of 3 subjects, although our research is still exploratory, we have confirmed that our proposed method allows us to obtain 89.5% of average estimation accuracy.
Fast methods for approximation of resolution and covariance for SPECT (2004)

Resolution and covariance predictors have been derived previously for penalized-likelihood estimators. These predictors can provide accurate approximations to the local resolution properties and covariance functions for tomographic systems given a good estimate of the mean measurements. However, when numerous evaluations are made repeatedly (as in penalty design or calculation of variance images), these predictors still require large amounts of computing time. In, we discussed methods for precomputing a large portion of the predictor for shift-invariant system geometries. In this paper, we generalize the efficient procedure discussed in to shift-variant single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems. This generalization relies on a new attenuation approximation and several observations on the symmetries in SPECT systems. These new general procedures apply to both 2D and fully-3D SPECT models, that may be either precomputed and stored, or written in procedural form.
A novel two-level shape descriptor for pedestrian detection (2012)

The demand for pedestrian detection and tracking algorithms is rapidly increasing with applications in security systems, human computer interaction and human activity analysis. A pedestrian is a person standing in an upright position. Previous work involves using various types of image descriptors to detect humans. However, the existing approaches, although exhibit low misdetection rate, result in high rate of false alarms in the case of complex image backgrounds. In this work, a novel approach for pedestrian detection is proposed which is based on the combined use of two object detection approaches with the aim of reducing the false alarm rate of the individual detectors. These are the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and a Shape Context based object detector (SC). Preliminary results are very encouraging and demonstrate clearly the ability of the proposed system to reduce the number of false alarms without significant increase in the processing time.
Tracking orientation of batteryless internet-of-things using RFID tags (2016)

Orientation tracking is an essential ingredient for many Internet-of-Things applications. In this work, we introduce Tagyro, which attaches an array of passive RFID tags as orientation sensors on everyday objects. Tagyro uses a closed-form model to transform the run-time phase offsets between tags into orientation angle, and addresses the unexpected deviation of phase measurement distorted by imperfect radiation pattern of practical tags. We have implemented a real-time version of Tagyro on a commodity RFID system. In this demo, we show that Tagyro can handle the phase distortion by sensing the effective layout tag array, an use the sensed layout to track the orientation of objects in high accuracy.
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction: False Positive and False Negative Results (1973)

Abstract Quantitative and histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) tests were performed on leukocytes of 13 patients with polycythemia vera, seven with chronic granulocytic leukemia, eight with neoplastic disease associated with fever, 16 with bacterial infection, and 13 healthy control individuals. No significant differences were detected in the quantitative test between any of the groups studied. The histochemical NBT test was significantly higher than control in the patients with polycythemia vera and neoplasia associated with fever, as well as in those with known bacterial infection. It is suggested that patients with neoplasia or polycythemia vera may show a false positive reaction in the histochemical NBT test. Conversely, the test was significantly lower than control in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. Such patients might show a false negative reaction in the test even if infection were present.
Measuring the coercivity of individual sub-micron ferromagnetic particles by Lorentz microscopy (1991)

The Foucault mode of Lorentz microscopy has been applied to detect the polarity of the magnetic field produced by ferromagnetic particles in the single-domain size range. One can follow the polarity of any given particle through multiple cycles of removal and return of the sample from the transmission electron microscope. Hence, one can determine the particle coercivity by applying a sequence of known fields to the sample. The proposed technique makes it possible to obtain unambiguous data for the dependence of an individual particle's coercivity on the orientation of the applied field, and the particle's dimensions. Both these data are needed to determine the magnetization reversal mechanism in single-domain particles. The authors demonstrate the ability to detect the polarity and measure the coercivity of nearly ellipsoidal gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ particles which have a moment of approximately 10/sup -13/ emu.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Akt/GSK‐3β axis as a new signaling pathway of the histamine H<sub>3</sub>receptor (2007)

Drugs targeting the histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) are suggested to be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The H(3)R activates G(i/o)-proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity and modulates phospholipase A(2) and MAPK activity. Herein we show that, in transfected SK-N-MC cells, the H(3)R modulates the activity of the Akt/Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) axis both in a constitutive and agonist-dependent fashion. H(3)R stimulation with the H(3)R agonist immepip induces the phosphorylation of both Ser473 and Thr308 on Akt, a serine/threonine kinase that is important for neuronal development and function. The H(3)R-mediated activation of Akt can be inhibited by the H(3)R inverse agonist thioperamide, and by Wortmannin, LY294002 and PTX, suggesting the observed Akt activation occurs via a G(i/o)-mediated activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase. H(3)R activation also results in the phosphorylation of Ser9 on GSK-3beta, which acts downstream of Akt and has a prominent role in brain function. In addition, we show the H(3)R-mediated phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 to occur in primary rat cortical neurons and in rat brain slices. The discovery of this signaling property of the H(3)R adds new understanding to the roles of histamine and the H(3)R in brain function and pathology.
Image-space illumination for augmented reality in dynamic environments (2015)

We present an efficient approach for probeless light estimation and coherent rendering of Augmented Reality in dynamic scenes. This approach can handle dynamically changing scene geometry and dynamically changing light sources in real time with a single mobile RGB-D sensor and without relying on an invasive lightprobe. We jointly filter both in-view dynamic geometry and outside-view static geometry. The resulting reconstruction provides the input for efficient global illumination computation in image-space. We demonstrate that our approach can deliver state-of-the-art Augmented Reality rendering effects for scenes that are more scalable and more dynamic than previous work.