gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective SNR estimation in OFDM system simulation (2002)

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the standard measure of analog noise attribute, is used to assess the quality of the final demodulation signals in a orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The approach is based on the statistical properties of a random process after the Fourier transform. A simple form of least-square SNR estimator in the frequency domain is presented, which drastically reduces the computational complexity since no timing alignment is necessary. The SNR estimation is used to evaluate not only the adverse impairment of the interference in an external channel, but also the severity of different distortions caused by non-ideal operations of the internal components. It is shown that with an effective SNR estimation, quantified measurement can be achieved in a short simulation time for such distortions as caused by non-ideal channel estimation, signal clipping, carrier frequency offset, and many other sources in the system. This leads to more rational trade-offs in the hardware design to optimize the performance of the system under given implementation constraints.
On-device anomaly detection for resource-limited systems (2015)

As small-scale embedded systems such as Smartphones rapidly evolve, mobile malwares grow increasingly more sophisticated and dangerous. An important attack vector targeting Android Smartphone is repackaging legitimate applications to inject malicious activities, where such repackaging can be performed before or after the installation of applications on the Smartphone. To detect the behaviour deviation of applications caused by the injected malicious activities, complex anomaly detection algorithms are usually applied, however they require a system resources budget that is beyond the capacities of these small-scale devices. This paper focuses on the usability of on-device anomaly detection algorithms and proposes a detection framework for Android-based devices. The proposed solution allows using a remote server without relying entirely on it. The experimental results allow building resources consumption profiles of the studied anomaly detections algorithms and thus, provide reliable measurements that help define trade-offs between detection accuracy and resource consumption.
Syntheses of substituted 2‐(l‐methyl‐2‐imidazolyl)quinolines (1997)

Abstract Reaction of methyllithium with 1‐methy1‐2‐imidazolecarboxaldehyde afforded the corresponding alcohol 2. Oxidation of compound 2 with manganese dioxide gave 2‐acety1‐1‐methylimidazole ( 3 ). Using compound 3 and substituted isatins 4 , the corresponding quinoline‐4‐carboxylic acids ( 5 ) were prepared. The reaction of acid imidazolides of 5 with appropriate amines yielded the amides 6 . Carbamic acid esters 10 were prepared by the Curtius rearrangement in good yield. Substituted quinolin‐4‐amines 13 were obtained by the acid hydrolysis of compound 10 (R 1 = t ‐Bu). Alkylation of amines 13 with diakylaminoalkyl chlorides gave compounds 14 .
Acute Kidney Injury Following Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta: A Systematic Review (2018)

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is an emergent technology for the treatment of non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH). While aortic occlusion (AO) above the site of hemorrhage provides hemostasis and time for surgical intervention, ischemia-reperfusion injury to the kidneys is a known complication. We aimed to report the incidence and factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) following AO in patients with NCTH or in similar porcine models. Methods: We searched Pubmed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses from inception to July 2017. We included original studies of trauma patients with NCTH treated with REBOA, or similar porcine studies that included renal parameters, excluding case reports and case series. After duplicate removal, full texts of studies retrieved via the search strategy were evaluated by two authors. Renal parameters (e.g., creatinine concentration, urine output, histopathology) were extracted. Quality of the evidence and risk of bias were assessed.Results: Twelve out of 2,100 records were included (three trauma patients, nine porcine studies). While one out of three human reports described AO in Zone 1, all swine publications reported Zone 1. All human studies reported renal damage. There were nonetheless inconsistencies in definitions used. Evidence of AKI was reported in three out of nine swine studies. Conclusions: Consistent reporting of AKI incidence is lacking from human clinical studies of AO in NCTH trauma patients. While comorbidities in trauma patients may contribute to AKI, animal models support the association between AO and AKI. As REBOA is growing in popularity as a therapy for NCTH, further studies determining factors associated with the AKI are needed.
THE EFFECT OF pH ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND ACTIVITY IN THE BATHYPELAGIC MYSID <i>GNATHOPHAUSIA INGENS</i> (1978)

1. Pleopod beat of G. ingens was unaffected by pH at pH 7.1 and pH 7.9 but was lower at pH 8.7 due to increased cleaning activity. 2. The relationship between oxygen consumption rate, and pleopod beat was found to be semi-logarithmic. 3. The relationship between oxygen consumption rate and activity was unaffected by pH in the range of pH 7.1 and pH 8.7. 4. The per cent O<sub>2</sub> extraction of oxygen by G. ingens was not statistically different at pH 7.9 and pH 8.7, but was greater at pH 7.1. 5. The ability of G. ingens to regulate its oxygen consumption was unaffected by pH in the range studied. 6. Since the increase in per cent O<sub>2</sub> extraction at pH 7.1 does not improve the ability of G. ingens to regulate its oxygen uptake, it appears that there is a loss in effectiveness elsewhere in its respiratory system at this pH.
Colchicine protects mice from the lethal effect of an agonistic anti-Fas antibody (2000)

The aim of this study was to determine whether colchicine, which has been reported to protect against various hepatotoxic insults, influences the susceptibility of mice to the agonistic anti-Fas antibody, Jo2. All mice that were pretreated with colchicine (2 mg/kg) survived the lethal challenge of intraperitoneal administration of 10 microg of Jo2, whereas all control mice pretreated with gamma-lumicolchicine succumbed to the challenge. Twelve micrograms of Jo2 killed less than half of colchicine-pretreated mice and its lethal effects were delayed relative to control mice, which all died within 8 hours. Other microtubule-disrupting agents such as Taxol, vinblastine, and nocodazole also improved the survival of mice treated with the lethal dose of Jo2. Histologic examination showed that colchicine protected against Jo2-induced fulminant liver injury, and TUNEL assay demonstrated that colchicine protected against massive apoptosis of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes isolated from colchicine-pretreated mice exhibited decreased susceptibility to Jo2-induced apoptosis. In addition, colchicine pretreatment reduced surface expression of Fas and decreased Jo2- and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of cultured hepatocytes in the presence of actinomycin D, but did not affect the susceptibility of cultured sinusoidal endothelial cells to Jo2-induced apoptosis. Remarkably, Fas and TNF receptor-1 mRNA and intracellular protein levels increased after colchicine treatment, indicating that colchicine protects against death ligand-induced apoptosis in the liver by decreasing death-receptor targeting to the cell surface.
Refiners have options to deal with reformulated gasoline (1991)

Individual LP models must be utilized to evaluate reformulated gasoline's impact of any given refinery. But there are some general options available that appear useful for producing the reformulated gasoline mandated by the Clean Air Act of 1990. However, the industry faces problems in addition to reformulated gasoline. These cannot be addressed piecemeal and must be part of an integrated solution. Among the issues to solve in the next 2-4 years are: Producing adequate supplies of oxygenates. Finding uses for or converting the components unsuitable for reformulated gasoline. Meeting growing longterm gasoline demand. Satisfying rising gasoline octane demand. Coping with the increasing use of heavy crudes. The new law's intent is to reduce automobile emissions by establishing a formula for specific gasoline components, i.e., benzene, aromatics, oxygenates, and volatility. The new law may also affect gasoline content indirectly by setting limits on hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NO{sub x} in auto exhausts. Olefins are not specifically addressed.
<title>Modeling and measuring the response times of thin film TiNi</title> (1997)

The response time of TiNi has been the subject of several experimental and theoretical investigations over the past decade. One of the principal concerns with this material is the relatively low cycle speeds or operational bandwidth caused by the considerable length of time required to cool the material. In this paper a finite difference model of heat transfer including the latent heat dissipated during the phase transformation is used to predict the bandwidth of thin film TiNi. The film is modeled as a plate subjected to either forced or free convection along the exposed surfaces and clamped to a large thermal mass representative of silicon wafer at the ends of the specimens. Results indicate that both latent heat as well as the relative ratios of the transformation temperatures to ambient temperature strongly influence the bandwidth of the material. Good correlation between the analytical model and test data obtained on a 38 micron wire indicate the model contains the correct assumptions to predict bandwidths. The bandwidth of TiNi thin film are predicted to be on the order of 100 Hz necessary assuming that the transformation temperatures for the film are the same as the bulk material.
The Role of GABA <sub>B</sub> Receptor Activation in Absence Seizures of Lethargic ( <i>lh</i> / <i>lh</i> ) Mice (1992)

Lethargic (lh/lh) mice, which function as an animal model of absence seizures, have spontaneous seizures that have behavioral and electrographic features and anticonvulsant sensitivity similar to those of human absence seizures. Antagonists of the gamma-aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) receptor suppressed these seizures in lethargic mice, whereas agonists of GABAB receptors exacerbated them. Furthermore, GABAB receptor binding and synaptically evoked GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate responses were selectively increased in lh/lh mice. Therefore, enhanced GABAB receptor-mediated synaptic responses may underlie absence seizures in lh/lh mice, and GABAB receptor antagonists hold promise as anticonvulsants for absence seizures.
Microoptical multi aperture imaging systems (2012)

Die Verkleinerung digitaler Einzelapertur-Abbildungssysteme erreicht aktuell physikalische sowie technische Limits. Die Miniaturisierung führt zu einer Verringerung sowohl des Auflösungsvermögens als auch des Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses. Einen Ausweg zeigen die Prinzipien der kleinsten in der Natur bekannten Sehsysteme - die Facettenaugen. Die parallelisierte Anordnung einer großen Anzahl von Optiken ermöglicht, trotz der geringen Baugröße, eine große Informationsmenge aus einem ausgedehnten Gesichtsfeld zu übertragen.\nZiel ist es, die Vorteile natürlicher Facettenaugen zu analysieren und diese zur Überwindung aktueller Grenzen der Miniaturisierung von digitalen Kameras zu adaptieren. Durch die Synergie von Optik, Opto-Elektronik und Bildverarbeitung wird die Miniaturisierung unter Erreichung praxisrelevanter Parameter angestrebt. Dafür wurde eine systematische Einteilung bereits bekannter und neuartiger Prinzipien von Multiapertur-Abbildungssystemen vorgenommen. Das grundlegende Verständnis der Vor- und Nachteile sowie des Skalierungsverhaltens der verschiedenen Ansätze ermöglichte die detaillierte Untersuchung der zwei erfolgversprechendsten Systemklassen. Für die Auslegung der Multiapertur-Optiken wurde eine Kombination aus Ansätzen des klassischen Optikdesigns und neuen semi-automatisierten Simulations- und Optimierungsmethoden mittels Ray-Tracing angewandt. Die mit natürlichen Facettenaugen vergleichbare Größe der Optiken ermöglichte die Verwendung mikrooptischer Herstellungsverfahren im Wafermaßstab. Es wurden Prototypen experimentell untersucht und die simulierten Systemparameter mit Hilfe der für die Multiapertur Anordnungen angepassten Messmethoden bestätigt.\nDie dargestellten Lösungen demonstrieren grundsätzlich neue Ansätze für den Bereich der hochauflösenden, miniaturisierten Abbildungsoptik, die kleinste Baulängen bei gegebenem Auflösungsvermögen erzielen. Somit sind sie im Stande die Skalierungslimits der Einzelapertur-Abbildungsoptik zu überwinden.
A semi-digital delay locked loop for clock skew minimization (1999)

A two-step approach for fast locking of a DLL (delay-locked-loop) circuit is discussed. The locking process consists of two steps; the coarse tuning in digital domain by tapping a delay position for fast coarse locking, and the accurate phase synchronization between the external clock and the internal clock in analog operation mode. With this two step approach, fast locking and low phase error can be simultaneously achieved.
Differential regulation of extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathways by protein kinase C. (2002)

The pathway of cell death depends on the apoptotic stimuli as well as on the cell type. In the present study, we have compared how extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathways are regulated by the protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway in the same cell type. PDBu, an activator of PKC, potentiated cell death mediated by the DNA damaging agent cisplatin but it blocked tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Conversely, rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKCdelta, decreased sensitivity of HeLa cells to cisplatin but it potentiated TNF-induced cell death. Although both TNF and cisplatin caused activation of caspases, PKC modulators had opposing effects on caspase activation. Rottlerin inhibited mitochondrial or intrinsic cell death pathway by inhibiting cisplatin-induced processing of apical caspase-9 and its downstream caspases. In contrast, it potentiated receptor-initiated or extrinsic cell death pathway by enhancing activation of caspase-2 and/or caspase-8. These results suggest that PKC acts at distinct steps to regulate receptor-mediated and DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
Effect of selective laser melting layout on the quality of stainless steel parts (2012)

Purpose Selective laser melting (SLM) is increasingly used for the manufacture of end‐use metal tools and parts, requiring the careful identification of a range of appropriate process parameters and conditions to achieve desirable properties and quality. Process conditions such as the relation between layout of parts and internal gas flow within the SLM platform can influence the consolidation of metal powers and therefore the quality and properties of the final parts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of part layout on quality and mechanical properties of cylindrical 316L stainless steel parts manufactured by SLM. Design/methodology/approach The cylindrical 316L stainless steel parts were manufactured in two directions, one perpendicular to the gas flow direction and one parallel to it. The investigation first focuses on visual inspection and porosity measurements to compare the quality factors such as delamination and porosity of the parts. A mechanical test procedure including tensile, compressive, and shear‐punch is used to assess the mechanical properties of the SLM specimens. Cross sectional analyses are carried out to better understand of material response under mechanical tests. Findings The results show that the part layout and gas flow condition have a negligible influence on porosity formation, however they notably affect the thermal stress and bonding strength between particles which consequently influences the mechanical properties of final parts. The manufacturing of parts perpendicular to gas flow seems to be more advantageous rather than parallel to gas flow. Originality/value This is the first work investigating the effects of the SLM layout on the quality and mechanical properties of stainless steel specimens. The results can be used in quality control purposes and for quality improvement of SLM parts.
A ranging system for an IEEE 802.11 OFDM transceiver (2009)

In this paper we propose a method for distance estimation between two transceivers. The method is based on controlling transmission times of packets and calculation of the relative phase-shifts of the OFDM subcarriers. We demonstrate the system using simulations of a bit and cycle accurate VHDL model of an IEEE 802.11a WLAN transceiver and the distance measurement algorithm.
Fraud Detection in Energy Consumption: A Supervised Approach (2016)

Data from utility meters (gas, electricity, water) is a rich source of information for distribution companies, beyond billing. In this paper we present a supervised technique, which primarily but not only feeds on meter information, to detect meter anomalies and customer fraudulent behavior (meter tampering). Our system detects anomalous meter readings on the basis of models built using machine learning techniques on past data. Unlike most previous work, it can incrementally incorporate the result of field checks to grow the database of fraud and non-fraud patterns, therefore increasing model precision over time and potentially adapting to emerging fraud patterns. The full system has been developed with a company providing electricity and gas and already used to carry out several field checks, with large improvements in fraud detection over the previous checks which used simpler techniques.
Lithium niobate nanowires synthesis, optical properties, and manipulation (2009)

Free-standing lithium niobate nanowires (LiNbO3) are synthesized by the hydrothermal route. The polarization response of the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal is measured in a single nanowire and used to identify the crystal orientation by matching with bulk LiNbO3 nonlinear optical susceptibility. The electrical manipulation of a LiNbO3 nanowire and its monitoring through the SHG signal in a fluidic setup are demonstrated.
Metastable mesophases (1997)

Abstract Mesophases are briefly summarized and defined on a uniform basis, making use of order and mobility parameters. A schematic one‐component phase diagram is then reviewed that includes equilibrium as well as nonequilibrium phases. Assuming only five condensed phases (crystal, melt, glass, mesophase, and mesophase glass), fifteen different phase areas exist with simultaneous presence of up to three phases. Examples of all phase areas are documented with results from our laboratory. This scheme can be extended to more components and more than these five phases and produces then many more possible phase areas than can be handled experimentally at the present.
Case study of feature location using dependence graph (2002)

Software change requests are often formulated as requests to modify or to add a specific feature or concept. To implement these changes, the features or concepts must be located in the code. We describe the scenarios of the feature and concept location. The scenarios utilize a computer-assisted search of software dependence graph. Scenarios are demonstrated by a case study of NCSA Mosaic source code.
Driving motion capture based driver behavior analysis (2012)

In this paper a study is presented to use a driving motion capture system to capture and interpret driving motion for a better understanding of driver behaviors which is crucial to highway traffic safety. The impetus to do this research is triggered by the prevalent success of a motion capture system in other areas such as computer 3D animation, bio-mechanics and athletic sports analysis. Driving motion capturing is a process to record and track drivers' body movements and obtains their motion parameters in a three-dimensional space. The established driving motion database through the capturing system can be used to analyze the impacts of human fatigue and alcohol on their driving performance under varying traffic conditions.
Synthesis of polysiloxane‐grafted fluoropolymers and their hydrophobic properties (2000)

A polydimethylsiloxane with an epoxide end group was grafted onto a fluoropolymer that had hydroxyl side chains by using protonic or Lewis acids as catalysts. Strong acids such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid were found to be effective for the grafting of the polydimethylsiloxane of relatively large molecular weight (Mn 4440). A coating prepared from the graft polymer was so hydrophobic that a water droplet of 10 μL slid down on its inclined plane surface (30° with respect to the horizontal). ESCA analysis revealed that the siloxane branches are preferentially present on the surface. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1955–1963, 2000
Probabilistic Semi-Dense Mapping from Highly Accurate Feature-Based Monocular SLAM (2015)

In the last years several direct (i.e. featureless) monocular SLAM approaches have appeared showing impressive semi-dense or dense scene reconstructions. These works have questioned the need of features, in which consolidated SLAM techniques of the last decade were based. In this paper we present a novel feature-based monocular SLAM system that is more robust, gives more accurate camera poses, and obtains comparable or better semi-dense reconstructions than the current state of the art. Our semi-dense mapping operates over keyframes, optimized by local bundle adjustment, allowing to obtain accurate triangulations from wide baselines. Our novel method to search correspondences, the measurement fusion and the inter-keyframe depth consistency tests allow to obtain clean reconstructions with very few outliers. Against the current trend in direct SLAM, our experiments show that by decoupling the semi-dense reconstruction from the trajectory computation, the results obtained are better. This opens the discussion on the benefits of features even if a semi-dense reconstruction is desired.
A software radio-based UHF RFID reader for PHY/MAC experimentation (2011)

We present the design and evaluation of a flexible UHF RFID reader that enables new PHY/MAC designs to be prototyped and evaluated. Our reader is built using the USRP software radio platform in conjunction with software we developed in the open-source GNU Radio framework. We believe it is the first inexpensive tool that readily enables changes to the physical and MAC layer of RFID systems. We evaluate our reader and show that it can inventory commercial tags out to 6 meters, which approximates the range of a commercial reader with comparable transmit power. We then show two applications of our reader. The first evaluates the real-world performance of the EPC frame selection algorithm and finds that it performs better than expected. Second, using the Intel WISP programmable RFID tag, we implement and evaluate an extension to the Gen 2 standard that results in up to a five-fold increase in sample rate for streamed sensor data.