gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of cyclone design (2005)

To design a cyclone abatement system for particulate control, it is necessary to accurately estimate cyclone performance. In this cyclone study, new theoretical methods for computing travel distance, numbers of turns and cyclone pressure drop have been developed. The flow pattern and cyclone dimensions determine the travel distance in a cyclone. The number of turns was calculated based on this travel distance. The new theoretical analysis of cyclone pressure drop was tested against measured data at different inlet velocities and gave excellent agreement. The results show that cyclone pressure drop varies with the inlet velocity, but not with cyclone diameter. Particle motion in the cyclone outer vortex was analyzed to establish a force balance differential equation. Barth??s "static particle" theory, particle (with diameter of d50) collection probability is 50% when the forces acting on it are balanced, combined with the force balance equation was applied in the theoretical analyses for the models of cyclone cut-point and collection probability distribution in the cyclone outer vortex. Cyclone cut-points for different dusts were traced from measured cyclone overall collection efficiencies and the theoretical model for calculating cyclone overall efficiency. The cut-point correction models (K) for 1D3D and 2D2D cyclones were developed through regression fit from traced and theoretical cut-points. The regression results indicate that cut-points are more sensitive to mass median diameter (MMD) than to geometric standard deviation (GSD) of PSD. The theoretical overall efficiency model developed in this research can be used for cyclone total efficiency calculation with the corrected d50 and PSD. 1D3D and 2D2D cyclones were tested at Amarillo, Texas (an altitude of 1128 m / 3700 ft), to evaluate the effect of air density on cyclone performance. Two sets of inlet design velocities determined by the different air densities were used for the tests. Experimental results indicate that optimal cyclone design velocities, which are 16 m/s (3200 ft/min) for 1D3D cyclones and 15 m/s (3000 ft/min) for 2D2D cyclones, should be determined based on standard air density. It is important to consider the air density effect on cyclone performance in the design of cyclone abatement systems.
Partial Purification of Gibberellin Oxidases from Spinach Leaves (1987)

Four enzyme activities catalyzing the following oxidative steps in the gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic pathway have been extracted from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves after exposure to 8 long days: GA(12) --> GA(53) --> GA(44) --> GA(19) --> GA(20). Two of these, GA(53) oxidase and GA(19) oxidase, were separable from the other two, GA(44) oxidase and GA(12) 13-hydroxylase, by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Apparent molecular weights of the four enzymes as determined by gel filtration HPLC are: GA(12) 13-hydroxylase, 28,400; GA(53) oxidase, 42,500; GA(44) oxidase, 38,100; GA(19) oxidase, 39,500. GA(44) oxidase was purified approximately 100-fold in 0.3% yield by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange HPLC, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography and gel filtration HPLC.
Analysis of Bioavailable Arsenic in Rice with Whole Cell Living Bioreporter Bacteria (2007)

A multiwell plate bioassay was developed using genetically modified bacteria (bioreporter cells) to detect inorganic arsenic extracted from rice. The bacterial cells expressed luciferase upon exposure to arsenite, the activity of which was detected by measurement of cellular bioluminescence. The bioreporter cells detected arsenic in all rice varieties tested, with averages of 0.02-0.15 microg of arsenite equivalent per gram of dry weight and a method detection limit of 6 ng of arsenite per gram of dry rice. This amounted to between approximately 20 and 90% of the total As content reported by chemical methods for the same sample and suggested that a major proportion of arsenic in rice is in the inorganic form. Calibrations of the bioassay with pure inorganic and organic arsenic forms showed that the bacterial cells react to arsenite with highest affinity, followed by arsenate (with 25% response relative to an equivalent arsenite concentration) and trimethylarsine oxide (at 10% relative response). A method for biocompatible arsenic extraction was elaborated, which most optimally consisted of (i) grinding rice to powder, (ii) mixing with an aqueous solution containing pancreatic enzymes, (iii) mechanical shearing, (iv) extraction in mild acid conditions and moderate heat, and (v) centrifugation and pH neutralization. Detection of mainly inorganic arsenic by the bacterial cells may have important advantages for toxicity assessment of rice consumption and would form a good complement to total chemical arsenic determination.
Organic Solar Cells Using Tin (II) Phthalocyanine as Donor Material (2011)

The performance of organic solar cells (OSC) based on tin (II) phthalocyanine (SnPc)/C60 heterojunction was investigated by changing the thickness of SnPc. The effect of the film thickness of SnPc on the electrical characteristics of the device was systematically studies. Optical field distribution inside the OPV cell was also simulated to gain insight into the mechanism responsible for different SnPc thicknesses. The structure, indium tin oxide (ITO)/PEDOT: PSS (10 nm)/MoO3(10 nm)/SnPc(15 nm)/C60(40 nm)/bathophenanthroline (BPhen) (10 nm)/Ag, has a power conver- sion efficiency of 0.79% at 1 sun, standard 1.5G solar illumination.
The brain in your pocket (1973)

Suddenly, in less than two years, a new high‐technology consumer product has swept world markets—the electronic pocket calculator. Such machines range from the relatively simple type that will add, subtract, multiply and divide up to six numerical digits, to the highly sophisticated ‘electronic slide‐rule’, with its instant calculation of square roots, logarithms, trig functions and other scientific esoterica.
Laos and America—A Retrospective View (1964)

Research Article| April 01 1964 Laos and America—A Retrospective View Barbara; Barbara Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Joel Halpern Joel Halpern Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1964) 63 (2): 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-63-2-175 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Barbara, Joel Halpern; Laos and America—A Retrospective View. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 April 1964; 63 (2): 175–187. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-63-2-175 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1964 by Duke University Press1964 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Regulation of AMPK β1, TSC2, and PTEN Expression by p53: Stress, Cell and Tissue Specificity, and the Role of These Gene Products in Modulating the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR Pathways (2007)

The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-AKT-mTOR pathways sense the availability of nutrients and mitogens and respond by signaling for cell growth and division. The p53 pathway senses a variety of stress signals which will reduce the fidelity of cell growth and division, and responds by initiating cell cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. This study explores four p53-regulated gene products, the beta1 and beta2 subunits of the AMPK, which are shown for the first time to be regulated by the p53 protein, TSC2, PTEN, and IGF-BP3, each of which negatively regulates the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathways after stress. These gene products are shown to be expressed under p53 control in a cell type and tissue-specific fashion with the TSC2 and PTEN proteins being coordinately regulated in those tissues that use insulin-dependent energy metabolism (skeletal muscle, heart, white fat, liver, and kidney). In addition, these genes are regulated by p53 in a stress signal-specific fashion. The mTOR pathway also communicates with the p53 pathway. After glucose starvation of mouse embryo fibroblasts, AMPK phosphorylates the p53 protein but does not activate any of the p53 responses. Upon glucose starvation of E1A-transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts, a p53-mediated apoptosis ensues. Thus, there is a great deal of communication between the p53 pathway and the IGF-1-AKT and mTOR pathways.
Measurement of gas exchange in intensive care (1989)

The performance of a new gas exchange monitor was assessed both in laboratory simulation and in ICU patients. Laboratory simulation using N2 and CO2 injections resulted in a mean error of 2 +/- 2% in CO2 production (VCO2) and 4 +/- 4% in oxygen consumption (VO2) in respirator measurements (n = 55) and in a mean error of 3 +/- 2% in VCO2 and 4 +/- 2% in VO2 in canopy measurements (n = 25). The mean error in RQ during ethanol burning was 2 +/- 2% in respirator measurements (n = 45) and 1 +/- 1% in canopy measurements. FIO2 had little effect on the accuracy of VCO2, whereas the accuracy on high rates of VO2 (VO2 = 400 ml/min) was reduced, when FIO2 increased: the error ranged from 1 +/- 1% to 6 +/- 1%, except at VO2 400 ml/min during FIO2 0.8, where the error was 16 +/- 3%. Neither peak airway pressure (+13 to +63 cm H2O) nor PEEP (0 to +20 cm H2O) had an effect on the accuracy. The highest level of minute ventilation studied (22.5 L/min) reduced the accuracy slightly (mean error of VCO2 4 +/- 1% and VO2 7 +/- 2%). In patients during controlled mechanical ventilation, increasing FIO2 from 0.4 to 0.6 had no effect on the results. VO2 was consistently higher by gas exchange than by the Fick principle: 16 +/- 9% during controlled ventilation (n = 20), 21 +/- 8% on synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (n = 10) and 25 +/- 8% during spontaneous breathing. We conclude that the device proved to be accurate for gas exchange measurements in the ICU.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Approaches to Enolate Chemistry (2011)

Abstract Review: 47 refs.
Celiprolol (2017)

Celiprolol is a β-blocker with a unique pharmacologic profile: it is a β1-andrenoceptor antagonist with partial β2 agonist activity. Given this combination of effects, celiprolol may be better described as a selective adrenoreceptor modulator. It has antihypertensive and antianginal properties and is indicated for those uses in various countries around the world. In the United States, however, the proposed indication for this drug will be for the treatment of vascular type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile arterial structure and an increased risk of life-threatening vascular complications. By reducing heart rate and pulsatile pressure, celiprolol may reduce the mechanical stress on collagen fibers within the arterial wall and be of benefit in patients with vascular type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The largest investigation of celiprolol in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was prematurely terminated due to significant benefit with celiprolol in reducing arterial events in patients with this condition. Celiprolol, therefore, represents a β-blocker that is unique from others in its class in both its pharmacology and clinical applications.
Constitutive activation of cyclic AMP but not phosphatidylinositol signaling caused by four mutations in the 6th transmembrane helix of the human thyrotropin receptor (1994)

Four different somatic mutations (F631C, T632I, D633E, and D633Y) in the putative 6th transmembrane helix of the human thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) were recently described in hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas [Porcellini et al. (1994) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79, 657-661]. We transiently expressed these mutant receptors in Cos-7 cells and measured [125I]TSH binding, basal and TSH-stimulated cAMP production, and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. The concentration of receptors expressed at the cell surface was lower for the mutants than for the wild type (WT) TSHR. Compared to the WT, all four mutant receptors caused a marked increase in basal cAMP levels, but did not increase basal production of inositol phosphates. This suggests that autonomous thyroid function and adenoma formation may be related to constitutive activation of the cAMP pathway alone. A cluster of conserved residues at the base of the 6th transmembrane helix of the TSHR and other glycoprotein hormone receptors appears important for maintaining an inactive receptor conformation.
Predicting sentinel lymph node status in stage I/II melanoma (2005)

7501 Background: The histologic status of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is one of the most important prognostic factors for recurrence and survival for patients with clinical stage I and II melanoma. SLN biopsy has modest morbidity, is costly, and is negative in the majority of patients. To address the issue of selecting patients at high and low risk for SLN metastasis, we sought prognostic factors that predict SLN involvement by examining characteristics of both the primary tumor and patient. Methods: Our study included a retrospective cohort of 327 patients with primary melanomas greater than 1.0 mm with no clinical evidence of metastatic disease, those commonly offered SLN biopsy, who underwent SLN biopsy between 1995 and June 2003. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between SLN positivity and Breslow thickness, Clark level, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), ulceration, mitotic rate (MR), lesion site, gender, and age. Results: 51 of the 327 patients had at least one positive SLN (15.6%). Only MR, TIL and thickness were found to be independent prognostic factors for SLN positivity. For MR >3, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 3.1 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.4–6.7) for absent TIL, the OR was 3.3 (CI: 1.7–6.5) and for thickness >2.0 mm, the OR was 2.6 (CI: 1.2–5.3). The proportion of patients with a positive SLN ranged from 3.8% in those with no risk factor (absent TIL, MR >3, and thickness >2.0 mm) to 48.3% for those with all 3 (see table). Conclusion: By incorporating TIL, MR and thickness into a prognostic model, both patients at high risk and minimal risk for SLN metastasis can be identified. When validated, this model can be used in patient management and trial design to select patients to have and be spared SLN biopsy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
An adaptive routing system for location-aware mobile devices on the road network (2011)

As congestion problems become a greater concern and negatively impact society, solutions which alleviate them are needed to improve the performance of the transportation system. Routing systems which take into account the travel-time experienced by the driver have been largely unexplored in the domain of adaptive routing. In this article, we present a system which enables users of smartphones to obtain directions generated using an algorithm which provides an optimal routing policy for reliable on-time arrival; that is, directions which seek to maximize the probability of arriving to the destination within a given time budget, rather than to minimize the travel time based on posted speed limits. Our work leverages the geolocation capabilities of smartphones to provide optimal routing directions along the route dependent on the realized (experienced) travel time. The adaptive routing scheme we implement allows for significant power savings and improved driver safety compared to classical routing algorithms; special attention is paid to minimizing driver distraction by emphasizing aural and graphical components over textual elements during route guidance. Finally, we illustrate system performance and design choices on synthetic examples and real traffic data from the Mobile Millennium system in San Francisco.
Effect of Phytate on the Hydrolysis of<i>p</i>-Nitrophenyl Phosphate with Phosphatase from Various Sources (1991)

Phosphatase activity, using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) as the substrate, was inhibited by myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate). The extent of inhibition by 5mm phytate of the alkaline phosphatase activity of calf intestine and Escherichia coli, and of the acid phosphatase activity of wheat germ was 82, 56 and 50%, respectively. However, acid phosphatases from rice bran were not inhibited by 10mm phytate. The effect of preincubation with phytate on the acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was investigated. After a 180-min preincubation with 1 mm phytate, the extent of inhibition was 98% for the calf intestine enzyme, 88% for the E. coli enzyme, and 75% for the wheat germ enzyme. Mg2+ enhanced the phosphatase activity, but the addition of phytate lowered it. The inhibition of E. coli alkaline phosphatase by phytate was noncompetitive, with an apparent inhibitor constant of 0.45 mm under the assay conditions. The inhibition of calf intestine alkaline phosphatase and of wheat germ acid phosphatase was of the mixed type, with inhibitor constants of 0.13 mm and 0.43 μm, respectively. Therefore, phytate may interact with a complex of these phosphatases and substrates.
Demonstration of coxsackie virus RNA in formalin‐fixed tissue sections from childhood myocarditis cases by <i>in situ</i> hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (1993)

This is a combined study using in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction to investigate the presence of Coxsackie virus RNA in formalin-fixed tissue from cases of childhood myocarditis. Of the ten cases studied, two were positive by both methods. The virus RNA was predominantly located in areas showing an inflammatory cell infiltrate and myofibre necrosis. These findings suggest that direct lytic infection of myocytes by virus is responsible for myocarditis in these cases, rather than an autoimmune process, which has been suggested previously. The findings in one case, where the virus showed a marked sub-endocardial distribution, may have implications for the aetiology of endocardial fibroelastosis by confirming a viral tropism for this location. The techniques used in this study are easily repeatable and can be directly applied to look for viruses in a number of other diseases where a viral aetiology is suspected.
Deficiency of factor Xa-factor Va binding sites on the platelets of a patient with a bleeding disorder (1979)

Factor V (Va) is essential for binding of factor Xa to the surface of platelets. After thrombin treatment, normal platelets release at least five times more factor Va activity than is required for maximal factor Xa binding. The concentration of factor V activity obtained after thrombin stimulation of 10(7) normal platelets is sufficient to allow half-maximal factor Xa binding to 10(8) platelets (10% normal, 90% factor-V deficient). Therefore, factor Va activity is not limiting in platelet-surface factor Xa binding and prothrombin activation in normal platelets; some other components limit the number of binding sites. We report studies of a patient (M.S.) with a moderate to severe bleeding abnormality whose platelets are deficient in the platelet-surface component required for the factor Va-factor Xa binding. The patient's platelet factor Va activity released after thrombin treatment is normal, but factor Xa binding is 20%-25% of control values at saturation. Abnormal prothrombin consumption in a patient with normal plasma coagulation factors and platelet function suggests a disorder in platelet-surface thrombin formation.
Vertebral compression fractures: a review of current management and multimodal therapy (2013)

Vertebral compression fractures are a prevalent disease affecting osteoporotic patients. When symptomatic, they cause significant pain and loss of function and have a high public health impact. In this paper we outline the diagnosis and management of these patients, with evidence-based review of treatment outcomes for the various therapeutic options. Diagnosis involves a clinical history focusing on the nature of the patient's pain as well as various imaging studies. Management is multimodal in nature and starts with conservative therapy consisting of analgesic medication, medication for osteoporosis, physical therapy, and bracing. Patients who are refractory to conservative management may be candidates for vertebral augmentation through either vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty.
Multiple var2csa-Type PfEMP1 Genes Located at Different Chromosomal Loci Occur in Many Plasmodium falciparum Isolates (2009)

Two or more related but distinct var2csa-type PfEMP1/var genes exist in many P. falciparum isolates. One gene is on chromosome 12 but additional var2csa-type genes are on different chromosomes in different isolates. Multiplicity of var2csa genes appears more common in infected placentae than in samples from non-pregnant donors indicating a possible advantage of this genotype in pregnancy associated malaria.
An optimized link adaptation scheme for efficient delivery of scalable H.264 Video over IEEE 802.11n (2008)

In this paper, we propose a cross-layer optimization scheme for delivery of scalable video over variable bit-rate wireless networks, in particular 802.11 based wireless local area networks (WLAN). For scalable video streaming applications, the conventional solution to reduced throughput due to channel distortions is to reduce the video bitrate by dropping the higher enhancement layers of the scalable video. We show that video quality can be improved, without adding to traffic load, when the WLAN link adaptation scheme uses a temporal fairness criterion along with scalable video distortion estimates to adjust its physical (PHY) layer modulation and coding parameters used for delivering each video layer. We formulate the problem as an optimization problem for assigning different PHY modes to different layers of scalable video under temporal fairness constrains; the solution to this problem provides a set of PHY configuration parameters that achieve the highest possible video quality while meeting the admission control constraints. Performance evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and the accuracy of the models.
A Case Study of Two Informants' Linguistic Ability of English with Similar TOEFL Scores (1994)

What language ability does TOEFL score represent? Can one speak and write well if he/she has a high score such as over 600 in TOEFL? This study examines two informants' productive skills of English with very similar TOEFL scores; 617 and 620. The T-unit analysis applied on the results of two elicitation tasks; story retelling and "Aluminum Passage" confirmed the existence of a considerable difference in their productive skills, especially in oral skill. In order to identify the cause responsible for the difference, detailed interviews were conducted. The examination of the relationship between their language skills and their learning strategies as well as learning environments led to the three conclusion; (1) TOEFL is good for measuring receptive skills but not necessarily for productive skills, (2) a strong motivation, whether instrumental or integrative, can work well in improving English ability, and (3) when motivation is high, contact with native speakers can play a decisive role in enhancing productive skills.