gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 1-Amino-2,2-dialkylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acids via Base-Induced Cyclization of .gamma.-Chloro-.alpha.-imino Esters (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1-Amino-2,2-dialkylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acids via Base-Induced Cyclization of .gamma.-Chloro-.alpha.-imino EstersMarc Boeykens, Norbert De Kimpe, and Kourosch Abbaspour TehraniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 23, 6973–6985Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00102a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00102a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1109Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Virtual Combinatorial Syntheses and Computational Screening of New Potential Anti-Herpes Compounds (1999)

The activity of new anti-HSV-1 chemical structures, designed by virtual combinatorial chemical synthesis and selected by a computational screening, is determined by an in vitro assay. A virtual library of phenol esters and anilides was formed from two databases of building blocks: one with carbonyl fragments and the other containing both substituted phenoxy and phenylamino fragments. The library of virtually assembled compounds was computationally screened, and those compounds which were selected by our mathematical model as active ones were finally synthesized and tested. Our antiviral activity model is a "tandem" of four linear functions of topological graph-theoretical descriptors. A given chemical structure was selected as active if it satisfies every discriminant equation in that model. The final result was that five new structures were selected, synthesized, and tested: all of them demonstrated activity, and three showed appreciable anti-HSV-1 activity, with IC(50) values of 0.9 microM. The same model, applied to a database of known compounds, has identified the anti-herpes activity of the following compounds: 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitroisoxazole, nitrofurantoin, 1-(pyrrolidinocarbonylmethyl)piperazine, nebularine, cordycepin, adipic acid, thymidine, alpha-thymidine, inosine, 2, 4-diamino-6-(hydroxymethyl)pteridine, 7-(carboxymethoxy)-4-methylcoumarin, 5-methylcytidine, and others that showed less activity.
Early diagnosis of sepsis with C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and CD64 in very low birth weight infants (2013)

Objective To investigate the value of C-reactive protein (CRP),serum amyloid A (SAA) and CD64 in early diagnosis of sepsis in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Methods Fifty-four VLBWI suspected to sepsis and 20 VLBWI without infection in neonatal intensive care unit of the Second Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from May 2010 to May 2012 were enrolled in this study.CRP,SAA and CD64 of sepsis group were measured at 0 and 24 hour after suspected bacterial infection; and those of control group were measured at corresponding age.CRP and SAA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and CD64 was detected by flow cytometry.The difference between groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict the sensitivity and specificity of the three biomarkers on sepsis.Results Fifty-four VLBWI were suspected with sepsis,and 37 patients were finally diagnosed.The levels of the three biomarkers in sepsis group were higher than those of control group not only at 0 h [CRP:13.3 mg/L(4.6-67.2 mg/L) vs 4.4 mg/L(1.6-11.2 mg/L),Z=-2.308; SAA:95.7 mg/L(4.5-265.9 mg/L) vs 7.3 mg/L(2.5-16.9 mg/L),Z=-2.425; CD64:7306 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell (2667-10 853 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell) vs 2502 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell (1839-3017 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell),Z=-3.704],but also at 24 h[CRP:35.4 mg/L (7.7 106.5 mg/L) vs 3.2 mg/L (1.1-7.8 mg/L),Z-5.501; SAA:359.3 mg/L (3.8-503.2 mg/L) vs 6.6 mg/L (3.0-12.7 mg/L),Z =-2.818; CD64:8304 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell (2819-11 758 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell) vs 2563 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell (1760-3154 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell),Z =-7.670],P＜0.05 respectively.The best cutoff value of CD64 was 2934 fluorescent antibody molecules/cell,with the sensitivity of 81.1％ at 0 h and 91.9％ at 24 h; and the specificity of 90.0％ at 0 h and 80.0％ at 24 h.Although SAA had similar sensitivity (0 h:83.8％; 24 h:86.5％) as CD64,its specificity was relatively low(0 h:65.0％; 24 h:55.0％).Both the sensitivity (0 h:62.2％; 24 h:70.3％) and specificity (0 h:70.0％; 24 h:70.0％) of CRP were low.Combination of the three infection biomarkers could increase the sensitivity (0 h:91.9％; 24 h:97.2％) and specificity (0 h:95.0 ％ ; 24 h:90.0％).Conclusions Combination of CRP,SAA and CD64 might improve the diagnostic accuracy of sepsis in VLBWI.

Key words: 
Infant, very low birth weight; Bacterial infections; C-reactive protein; Serum amyloid A protein; Receptors, IgG; Early diagnosis
Cast Shadow Removal Combining Local and Global Features (2007)

In this paper, we present a method using pixel-level information, local region-level information and global-level information to remove shadow. At the pixel-level, we employ GMM to model the behavior of cast shadow for every pixel in the HSV color space, as it can deal with complex illumination conditions. However, unlike the GMM for background which can obtain sample every frame, this model for shadow needs more frames to get the same number of sample, because shadow may not appear at the same pixel for each frame. Therefore, it will take a long time to converge. To overcome this drawback, we use the local region-level information to get more samples and global-level information to improve a preclassifier and then, by using it, we get samples which are more likely to be shadow. Also, at the local region-level, we use Markov random fields to represent dependencies between the label of single pixel and labels of its neighborhood. Moreover, to make global level information more robust, tracking information is used. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient and robust.
Recent Developments in Aviation Case Law (1984)

In an area of particular importance to aircraft finance, the United States Supreme Court decided Philko Aviation v. Shacket. 9 The Court held that the aircraft recordation and
Effect of third strand composition on the triple helix formation: purine versus pyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotides (1996)

Exon 5 of the human aprt gene contains an oligo-purine-oligopyrimidine stretch of 17 bp (5'-CCCTCTTCTCTCTCCT-3') within the coding region. (T,C)-, (G,T)- and (G,A)-containing oligonucleotides were compared for their ability to form stable triple helices with their DNA target. (G,T) oligodeoxynucleotides, whether parallel or antiparallel, were unable to bind to this sequence. This is in contrast to (G,A) (purine) and (T,C) (pyrimidine) oligonucleotides, which bind to the duplex at near neutral pH. Binding was highly sequence specific, as unrelated competitors were unable to interfere with target recognition. A major difference between the purine and pyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotides was observed in the kinetics of binding: the (G,A) oligonucleotide binds to its target much faster than the (T,C) oligomer. With the purine oligonucleotide, complete binding was achieved in a matter of minutes at micromolar concentrations, whereas several hours were required with the pyrimidine oligomer. Thus, the general observation that triplex formation is slow with pyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotides does not hold for (G,A) oligodeoxynucleotides. Purine and pyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to a psoralen group were able to induce crosslinks on the double-stranded DNA target upon UV irradiation. This study provides a detailed comparison of the different types of DNA triplexes under the same experimental conditions.
Experimental Demonstration of Frequency Autolocking an Optical Cavity Using a Time-Varying Kalman Filter (2016)

An optical resonator, as used in photonics, quantum information processing, and optical imaging, requires dynamical tweaking of its cavity length. The authors employ advanced control techniques to develop an approach for autonomously locking the frequency of an optical cavity, starting from any operating point, without failing in the nonlinear regime. Beyond technological improvements, this approach will be valuable for gravitational-wave interferometry, which could answer our questions about black holes, supernovae, and the Big Bang.
A study of artifact creation and use in collaborative object-oriented software design (2006)

Many tools for object-oriented software design focus on assisting individuals in creating UML models for documentation and implementation purposes. Since software design is a highly collaborative activity, one must ask whether the requirements for facilitating collaborative design are similar.We report on a study of design teams, focusing on their use of notations and artifacts. Our findings highlight the unique characteristic of the use of UML in these settings and emphasize the importance of context and relations between artifacts over the details of specific artifacts.
Synthesis and Application of New Photocrosslinkers for Poly(ethylene glycol) (2012)

Photocrosslinking of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using exogenous agents is a convenient way to produce branched PEG from commercial sources thus avoiding the tricky synthesis of new reactive and functional polymers. In this study, we synthesized two series of new photocrosslinkers, i.e. bis-fluorophenyl azide and bis-trifluoromethyl diazirine, which under soft UV-irradiation produce reactive species (i.e. nitrene and carbene respectively) that insert into the C–H bond of the polymer backbone, building new bridges between macromolecular chains. These photocrosslinkers are different in terms of behaviour under irradiation and affinity for the target substrate (i.e. PEG). Thus, practical conditions for photocrosslinking of a 10-kDa PEG were studied and followed by NMR and size-exclusion chromatography. In particular, we investigated irradiation in bulk or in solvent, at different irradiation times, with several concentrations of PEG and photolinkers. Finally, we were able to design a procedure to obtain soluble crosslinked PEGs of 300 kDa.
Different faces of gastroparesis (2009)

The study confirms the importance of pain and affect in gastroparesis, which requires novel approaches to improve more effectively the quality of life in patients with this disorder.
On the application of plasma pulses generated by electromagnetic and electrothermal launchers for surface treatment (1995)

Various types of electrothermal and electromagnetic launchers have been developed to simulate micrometeoroid and space debris impacts. The flow of hot and dense high-velocity plasma generated in these launchers has been used to accelerate small glass beads. The targets have been shielded from the plasma in prior work. This paper presents the application of these plasma pulse accelerators to investigate the direct influence of the fast, high density plasma on material surfaces. The plasma has been supplemented with different materials to achieve coatings with specific properties. Relations involving changes in material properties have been investigated. Electromagnetic and electrothermal launchers can be used to generate short high-energy plasma pulses. The interaction of such plasma pulses with metallic surfaces generates very hard surface layers, which are very resistant to friction corrosion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intracellular responses of productive hybridomas subjected to high osmotic pressure (1995)

It has previously been found that hybridoma cells under hyperosmotic stress produce higher amounts of antibody. This study identified the cellular processes and mechanisms that occur during this event. In studies of hybridomas adapted to osmolarities ranging between 300 and 450 mOsm (using NaCI), antibody production increased to a saturation level while cell growth decreased progressively. At 500 mOsm, lower cell numbers and markedly decreased productivity resulted. Sucrose and KCI were found to induce similar trends, except to different extents. Several important changes in cellular responses were observed. Elevation of osmolarity with NaCl from 300 to 350 mOsm causes an increase of zwitterionic amino acid uptake, which occurred via Na+-dependent transport systems. In particular, system A was enhanced by 1.86-fold, but no enhancement was observed for Na+- independent transport systems. In addition, amino acids reactive with Na +-dependent transport systems were observed to be abundant within osmotically stressed hybridomas in the middle and late exponential stages. Sucrose and KCI caused similar uptake effects, but to a lesser degree, as long as sodium ions were present in solution. Specific consumption rates of glucose and glutamine increase by 19% and 20%. respectively, under high osmolarity treatment. These increases were confirmed by the 5% to 10% increase in cellular metabolic activity. At 350 mOsm, growth rate was slower compared with the 300-mOsm culture, which was reflected by the lower DNA concentration. Stressed cultures contained enhanced levels of total RNA, of which -80% is ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Higher rRNA content could in turn increase the translation rates of proteins. This was reflected in the accumulation of both dry cell weight and total cellular protein at linear rates of 0.42 pg/106 cells/mOsm and 0.21 pg/106 cells/mOsm, respectively, with increasing osmolarity between 300 and 450 mOsm. Overall, hybridomas increased their metabolic activities and amino acids uptake via the Na+-dependent symports to compensate for the osmotically elevated external environment. These effects contribute directly and indirectly to the increased cell mass consisting of a larger pool of amino acids, RNA, cellular proteins, and secreted antibody product
Synthesis and magnetic behavior of an array of nickel-filled carbon nanotubes (2002)

Highly-ordered arrays of Ni-filled carbon nanotubes have been fabricated by a second-order template method. First, an array of aligned carbon nanotubes was generated in a porous alumina membrane by catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene. The desired material, such as nickel, was then filled into the aligned carbon nanotubes by electrodeposition. The remarkable features of this method are: (i) high yield of metal-filled carbon nanotubes, and (ii) the wall thickness of the carbon nanotubes, and the length, diameter, and structure of the metal nanowires in the carbon nanotubes are controllable via changing experimental conditions. This method should be applicable for preparation of other metal- and alloy-filled carbon nanotubes, and allow the reliable technological application in nanoelectronic devices, high-density magnetic memories, electrochemical energy storages and sensors, etc.
Verification and falsification of programs with loops using predicate abstraction (2009)

Abstract Predicate abstraction is a major abstraction technique for the verification of software. Data is abstracted by means of Boolean variables, which keep track of predicates over the data. In many cases, predicate abstraction suffers from the need for at least one predicate for each iteration of a loop construct in the program. We propose to extract looping counterexamples from the abstract model, and to parametrise the simulation instance in the number of loop iterations. We present a novel technique that speeds up the detection of long counterexamples as well as the verification of programs with loops.
Comparison of gene transcription in cloned bovine embryos produced by different nuclear transfer techniques (2001)

The efficiency of animal production using cloning technology is still relatively low and research to determine a more efficient nuclear transfer procedure is ongoing. One approach which may be informative in assessing the viability of nuclear transfer embryos is the analysis of embryonic gene expression. Using RT-PCR techniques we have previously detected the aberrant expression of FGF4, FGFr2 and IL6 in a significant proportion of bovine granulosa cell-derived nuclear transfer embryos, which correlated with a limited developmental potential in vivo. In order to analyse the effect of different donor cell nuclei on embryonic gene expression we have now analysed the expression of these genes in nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with fetal epithelial cell nuclei. In addition, we have compared the expression of these genes in bovine nuclear transfer embryos produced by cell fusion or direct injection with variations in the timing of oocyte activation. In all nuclear transfer embryos analysed, FGFr2 and IL6 transcripts were detected at a similar rate to that in IVF embryos. However, the absence of FGF4 transcripts was again evident in a large proportion of nuclear transfer embryos and most significantly in those embryos whose development was activated almost immediately following the transfer of the donor nucleus. The results demonstrate the effects that different donor cell lines and different nuclear transfer procedures may have on the expression of developmentally important genes in nuclear transfer embryos.
Autoimmune thyroid disease: propagation and progression (2003)

Autoimmune thyroid disease is the archetype for organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Progress in treating these disorders lies in improvements of our understanding of the predisposing factors responsible, the mechanisms responsible for progression of disease, and the interaction between thyroid antigens and the immune system at the level of the T cell and antibody. In common with other autoimmune diseases, genetic, environmental and endogenous factors are required in an appropriate combination to initiate thyroid autoimmunity. At present the only genetic factors which have been confirmed lie in the HLA complex and CTLA-4 or a closely linked gene. Identifying other predisposing genes will require large-scale family studies, or further insights into likely candidate genes. A number of environmental factors are known to predispose to autoimmune thyroid disease, including smoking, stress and iodine intake, while immunomodulatory treatments are revealing new pathways for disease emergence. The thyroid cell itself appears to play a major role in disease progression, interacting with the immune system through expression of a number of immunologically active molecules including HLA class I and II, adhesion molecules, cytokines, CD40 and complement regulatory proteins. New techniques, in particular phage display libraries, are providing the methods with which to identify autoantibody diversity in autoimmune thyroid disease and to provide tools for mapping autoantigenic epitopes. Application of these techniques is likely to lead to an understanding of how TSH receptor antibodies interact with the receptor to cause Graves' disease and also to the identification of novel orbital autoantigens in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
ISO 9869-1의 평균법에 의한 겨울철 공동주택 외벽의 현장 열관류율 수렴성 분석 (2018)

This study analyze the convergence of the in-situ thermal transmittance calculated by average method following ISO 9869-1 to the increase and change of measurement period. The measurement was conducted for an opaque exterior wall of an apartment house over a period of two weeks during winter. As a results of the measurement, the termination conditions were satisfied after eight days, more than twice the minimum required measurement period of three days, even though the experimental conditions recommended in ISO 9869-1 were met. The findings show that as the measurement duration(DT) increased, the termination condition that the thermal resistance obtained at the end of the test must not deviate by more than ±5% from the value obtained 24 h earlier, were easily achieved. On the other hand, other termination condition that the thermal resistance obtained by analyzing data from the first time period during INT(2×DT/3) days must not deviate more than ±5% from the value obtained from the data for the last period of the same duration are relatively difficult to achieve. This is because the environmental parameters of the first and last time periods must be similarly maintained within a stable range.
Ethylene adsorption on ZnO: CARS spectroscopy with optical waveguides (1987)

Surface CARS spectroscopy using the planar optical waveguide geometry has been employed to study the adsorption of ethylene on a nonsingle crystal 0001 ZnO waveguide surface. The required CARS sensitivity was achieved by establishing an interference condition within a ZnO waveguide to reduce the contribution from the nonresonant susceptibility of the ZnO and to enhance the ratio of the adsorbate signal to the background signal. Under high vacuum conditions, spectra in the region of the C=C stretch provided evidence that the hydroxylated surface supported four sites for the absorption of ethylene. Physisorbed ethylene had a vibrational frequency of 1615 cm−1 and was readily desorbed. Chemisorbed species exhibited frequencies of 1602, 1590, and 1580 cm−1, and the sites are likely to be Zn2+ ions.
Effects of Visible Recessive Alleles on Vigor Characteristics in a Maize Hybrid<sup>1</sup> (1985)

Present knowledge of the control of heterosis and various vigor characteristics on a single gene or locus basis is inadequate. Information on this subject was obtained by producing a number of mutant recessive alleles in a maize ( Zea mays L.) inbred line and selecting 31 for study. It was obvious from observation that most of the recessive alleles exhibit numerous pleiotropic effects affecting various vigor characteristics in the homozygous background of the inbred. Five of the recessive alleles were selected for this study to ascertain if pleiotropic vigor effects may also be expressed in the heterozygous background of a hybrid. Each allele produced an array of pleiotropic effects, either positive or negative, affecting various vigor characteristics in the hybrid. Considering pleiotropic effects in the context of single gene differences, the effects on individual vigor characteristics range from small to large. One allele increased the grain yield by three percent. The genetic nature of the pleiotropic effects is not clear at this time; however, it is proposed that pleiotropic effects associated with recessive alleles provide a genetic basis for heterosis.
Low-Noise Preamplifier for High Count Rates (1972)

A low-noise charge sensitive preamplifier employing charge restoration after each detector pulse is described. Charge restoration is performed for each pulse by exposing the input FET to an optical flash (produced by a GaAs diode) proportional to the amplitude of the main amplifier output pulse. Special care has been taken to eliminate temperature and linearity problems of the GaAs diode. This preamplifier is capable of operating at very high "energy rates", e.q. for 5 MeV radiation at more than 100,000 cps.