gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Movement Characteristics of Hamster Spermatozoa Within the Oviduct1 (1980)

Movement characteristics of golden hamster spermatozoa within the oviduct at the time and site of fertilization were studied using high-speed cinemicrography. Preparations consisted of excised oviducts immediately submersed in mineral oil and placed in a deep slide-coverglass system at 37°C. All spermatozoa visualized were motile and were exhibiting flagellar movement similar to the “activated” motility previously identified by observations in vitro. The geometrical details of this movement were not constant with time, however, and involved episodes of whiplash-like flagellar bending punctuated by periods of more progressive swimming. The trajectories of the spermatozoa were obviously influenced by the presence of the epithelial surfaces of the oviduct, suggesting that interactions between the spermatozoa and these surfaces could play a role in oviductal sperm transport.
An Electronic Synapse Device Based on Metal Oxide Resistive Switching Memory for Neuromorphic Computation (2011)

The multilevel capability of metal oxide resistive switching memory was explored for the potential use as a single-element electronic synapse device. TiN/HfO <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> /AlO <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> / Pt resistive switching cells were fabricated. Multilevel resistance states were obtained by varying the programming voltage amplitudes during the pulse cycling. The cell conductance could be continuously increased or decreased from cycle to cycle, and about 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> endurance cycles were obtained. Nominal energy consumption per operation is in the subpicojoule range with a maximum measured value of 6 pJ. This low energy consumption is attractive for the large-scale hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing and brain simulation. The property of gradual resistance change by pulse amplitudes was exploited to demonstrate the spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning rule, suggesting that metal oxide memory can potentially be used as an electronic synapse device for the emerging neuromorphic computation system.
Designing Interaction: Psychology at the Human-Computer Interface (1991)

From the Publisher:
Drawn from psychology, computer science, anthropology, management science, and industrial design, these essays reveal how contemporary psychology can contribute to the design of improved human computer interfaces.
Humping reduction methods for high speed laser welding (2009)

Conventional pulsed laser welding is typically done at speeds on the order of millimeters per second, which is too slow to be economically feasible for future energy applications such as laser welding bipolar plates for fuel cells. A typical fuel cell stack may have hundreds of feet of welding which must be executed with high precision and no defects. Recent technological advances in both laser systems and in beam movement are allowing for dramatic increases in welding rates. High average power (500 Watt), continuous wave fiber lasers can be coupled directly into galvanometric beam steering systems to achieve welding rates approaching meters per second. At these high travel speeds a defect know as “humping” is common. Humping is a result of weld pool elongation which causes irregular solidification of the weld crown. This irregular weld crown includes lack of fusion defects which can lead to premature weld failure. Mound Laser & Photonics Center, Inc. (MLPC) has developed unique welding methods to mitigate humping in the welds, utilizing a combination of beam path and focus control. This paper will discuss how different weld techniques are being utilized to mitigate the humping defect while maintaining high processing speeds.
Spatial expression and autoregulation of <i>hetR</i>, a gene involved in the control of heterocyst development in <i>Anabaena</i> (1993)

The spatially patterned differentiation of heterocysts in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena requires a functional hetR gene. Transcriptional fusions to luxAB show that hetR is transcribed at a low level throughout the filament when Anabaena is grown with combined nitrogen, and that induction of the gene begins within 2 h following nitrogen deprivation. By 3.5 h, induction is localized to spaced foci. By 6 h, there is an overall induction of at least threefold in whole cultures, reflecting at least a 20-fold increase within spatially separated cells. The induction requires the presence of a functional hetR gene, indicating that hetR is autoregulatory. Full induction of a heterocyst structural gene, hepA, also requires a functional hetR locus.
The physics of ternary graphite intercalation compounds (1988)

Abstract A critical review of the novel physical properties and physical phenomena exhibited by ternary graphite intercalation compounds (TGICs) is presented. To facilitate discussion of TGICs they are classified according to their major structural features into four specific subgroups, namely homogeneous, heterogeneous, trilayer and localized. Within each subgroup particular compounds are further characterized as donor-donor, donor-acceptor and acceptor-acceptor. The preparation methods used to synthesize the materials addressed are briefly discussed as are the relevant chemical properties. The emphasis of this review is on the physics of TGICs and in particular the consequences of low-dimensionality. We show that, unlike binary graphite intercalation compounds, TGICs can be prepared with a broad range of compositions at constant stage. This feature and the enhanced interplanar and intraplanar structural variety exhibited by TGICs have stimulated a host of investigations which have extended our understanding not only of GICs but also of low-dimensional physics in general.
A wireless, remote query magnetoelastic CO2 sensor (2000)

This paper presents a wireless, passive, remote query CO2 sensor comprising a ribbon-like magnetoelastic thick-film coated with a mass-changing CO2 responsive polymer synthesized from acrylamide and isooctylacrylate. In response to a magnetic field impulse, the magnetostrictive magnetoelastic sensor vibrates at a characteristic resonant frequency that is inversely dependent upon the mass of the attached CO2 responsive polymer. The mechanical vibrations of the magnetostrictive sensor launch magnetic flux, which can be detected remotely using a pickup coil. By monitoring the resonant frequency of the passive sensor, the atmospheric CO2 concentration can be determined without the need for physical connections to the sensor or specific alignment requirements. The effect of humidity and the CO2 responsive copolymer composition on the measurement sensitivity are reported. Greatest sensitivity is achieved with a polymer comprising a 1:1 mole ratio of acrylamide to isooctyl acrylate. A 0.7% change in atmospheric CO2 concentration can be detected for a 20 microns thick polymer coated sensor.
General construction of periodic complete complementary codes composed of expanded modulatable orthogonal sequences (2002)

In this paper, we propose a construction of periodic complete complementary codes composed of the expanded modulatable orthogonal sequences. Because the number of the expanded modulatable orthogonal sequences of period N/sup 2/ is infinite, the number of the periodic complete complementary codes of period N/sup 2/ is also infinite. It is already proved that the proposed sequences are periodic complete complementary codes. In the meantime Suehiro (1998) has proposed a signal design method for approximately synchronized CDMA systems without co-channel interference. In this signal design method, we can assign the proposed periodic complete complementary codes as code words to each user so that the information transmission rate is increased.
Secure Priority Based Inter-Vehicle Communication MAC Protocol for Highway Safety Messaging (2007)

In this paper we propose a secure MAC protocol for Inter-Vehicle Communication in conjunction with message priority for highway safety messaging. The protocol that can be implemented in both vehicular infrastructure and ad hoc networks provides the following security services: authentication, integrity, non-repudiation, and privacy. Using OPNET Modeler, we evaluate the performance of our proposed secure protocol and compare it against a basic protocol without security provisions. The comparison considers performance metrics such as the percentage of successful transmissions and average delay, for different system parameters such as number of vehicles, and percentage of priority 1 messages. We also discuss the tradeoffs between the security provision and the system performance. Our simulations reveal that the proposed secure protocol is a viable solution for secure priority based IVC, i.e., the protocol provides: 1) secure communication, 2) low average delays (lower than the tolerated delays in IVC), and 3) high reliability for priority 1 messages. Moreover, the proposed protocol is fully compatible with both IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11e standards.
ChemInform Abstract: <sup>15</sup>N NMR and Electronic Properties of S‐Nitrosothiols. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly Crystalline Methylammonium Lead Tribromide Perovskite Films for Efficient Photovoltaic Devices (2018)

The rise of metal-halide perovskite solar cells has captivated the research community, promising to disrupt the current energy landscape. While a sizable percentage of the research done on this class of materials has been focused on the neat and iodide-rich perovskites, bromide-based perovskites can deliver substantially higher voltages because of their relatively wide band gaps of over 2 eV. The potential for efficient, high-voltage devices makes materials such as these incredibly attractive for multijunction photovoltaic applications. Here, we use the acetonitrile/methylamine solvent system to deposit smooth, highly crystalline films of CH3NH3PbBr3. By using choline chloride as a passivating agent for these films, we achieve photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 5.5% and demonstrate charge-carrier mobilities of 17.8 cm2/(V s). Incorporating these films into photovoltaic devices, we achieve scanned power conversion efficiencies of up to 8.9%, with stabilized efficiencies of 7.6%, providing a simple route to realizing efficient, high-voltage CH3NH3PbBr3 planar-heterojunction devices.
Plasmon hybridization in graphene metamaterials (2013)

Plasmon hybridization in a stacked pair of graphene ribbons is investigated at terahertz frequencies. We fabricated and characterized an array of graphene ribbons on a heavily-doped Si substrate with a SiO2 gap layer in between. The interaction between graphene plasmons and their mirror images in the substrate forms a coupled system, mimicking a graphene ribbon pair, thereby dramatically modifies the mode profiles and resultant spectral responses. Magnetic plasmon resonances arising from the plasmon hybridization are demonstrated at terahertz frequencies. The corresponding numerical simulations reveal the important resonant behavior of structured graphene and their hybridized systems.
Case amazon (2007)

We studied user behavior in a recommender-rich environment, Amazon online store, to see what role the algorithm-based and user-generated recommendations play in finding items of interest. We used applied ethnography, on-location interviewing and observation, to get an accurate picture of user activity. We were especially interested in the role of customer ratings and reviews and what kind of strategies users had developed for such an environment. Our results underline the need to develop recommender systems as a whole. The way the recommendations are shown affects which items get picked, and for improving the interface, it is necessary to study the whole in addition to studying the parts in isolation.
[Development and prospects of hospice palliative care in Taiwan]. (2009)

Hospice palliative care is an approach to healthcare that integrates high technology and highly humanized care. Service, education, and policymaking are the three critical areas of focus in the development of this specialty of care. Under hospice palliative care, holistic, high quality services covering in-patient care, homecare, and shared care are provided for terminally ill patients and their families. Healthcare team members must be taught not only knowledge but also skills and attitudes that reflect their responsibilities and level of competence. General public education is important also. Regulations and relevant policies have been implemented by Department of Health (DOH) since 1995. The Natural Death Act was legislated in 2000. Members of Healthcare team concerned regarding the proper development of hospice palliative care in Taiwan have organized to, "do the right things and do things right." The future vision of hospice palliative care embraces: 1. Expanding services to other life threatening illness such as terminal liver, renal, respiratory and heart diseases; 2. Securing appropriate DOH supervision and funds; 3. Developing a care model appropriate to the needs of Taiwan's culture; 4. Expanding the limits of service models; 5. Integrating services and enhancing expertise among those charged with delivering services, conducting research, and education; 6. Integration into the long term care system and enhancing quality.
Dynamic cell-size control according to geographical mobile distribution in a DS/CDMA cellular system (2002)

This paper proposes and investigates a dynamic cell size controlling scheme based on macro-diversity transmission for DS/CDMA. According to the time-variance of geographical mobile distribution, the transmission power of several base-stations is adaptively controlled considering the measured signal-to-interference power ratios of the received signals from mobile stations in order to minimize the calculated outage probabilities of the whole cells in the service area. Computer simulation shows the performance improvement.
<title>Semi-passive damping using continuous switching of a piezoelectric device</title> (1999)

Passive damping using a piezoelectric device is a well-known technique. Both resistor and inductor loads connected to the piezoceramic are commonly used to attenuate a given resonance mode on a structure equipped with piezo dampers. The main drawback of this technique is its narrow band behavior and especially in the case of an inductor tuned passive piezo damper. The proposed technique is inherently wide band and does not rely on any tuned electric load. The piezoelectric device is simply continuously switched from open-circuit to short-circuit synchronously to the mechanical strain. It is called semi-passive because of the need of a sensor giving the strain of the piezo device. There is no need for external power supply unless for the low-level circuitry of the switch device. The damping efficiency appears to be twice what is obtained with pure resistive damping and is equivalent to what is achievable with a tuned inductor damper. It can work at any frequency without the need for large inductor especially for low frequency applications. A qualitative model gives an understanding of the damping mechanism.
A comparative study of susceptibility and induced pathology of cod, <i>Gadus morhua</i> (L.), and halibut, <i>Hippoglossus hippoglossus</i> (L.), following experimental infection with <i>Moritella viscosa</i> (2006)

In this study experimental challenges with Moritella viscosa, the causative agent of winter ulcers in salmonids, were performed on juvenile Atlantic cod and Atlantic halibut. The challenges involved both intramuscular (i.m.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections and bath with a strain originally isolated from Atlantic salmon. Cod was found to be significantly more sensitive than halibut to the infection. Both fish species were found to be more sensitive to i.m. than i.p. challenges. Both challenges induced a systemic disease in cod and halibut, but only cod was infected with an experimental bath challenge. Pathognomonic signs were found to be comparable with those described in M. viscosa-infected salmon and turbot. The main distinguishing pathological sign was that the cod showed host response to M. viscosa infection resulting in granuloma formation in infected tissues, which is a known response of cod to a infection with another Gram-negative bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida. Re-isolation of M. viscosa from kidneys of cod and halibut with clear disease signs was problematic and optimization of isolation measures is needed. The results of this study indicate that M. viscosa infection may be a risk factor in cod farming, but that halibut is more resistant.
Policies for simultaneous estimation and optimization (1999)

Policies for the joint identification and control of uncertain systems are presented. The discussion focuses on the case of a multiple input, single output linear system, with no dynamics and quadratic cost, and system parameters assumed to have a known Gaussian distribution. Extensions for multiple output, and for finite impulse response systems are straightforward. The policies proposed are heuristics, and an approximation of the optimal dynamic programming solution exploits convex optimization techniques. Numerical experiments are encouraging.
Unique distribution of aromatase in the human brain: In vivo studies with PET and [<i>N</i>‐methyl‐<sup>11</sup>C]vorozole (2010)

Aromatase catalyzes the last step in estrogen biosynthesis. Brain aromatase is involved in diverse neurophysiological and behavioral functions including sexual behavior, aggression, cognition, and neuroprotection. Using positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiolabeled aromatase inhibitor [N-methyl-(11)C]vorozole, we characterized the tracer distribution and kinetics in the living human brain. Six young, healthy subjects, three men and three women, were administered the radiotracer alone on two separate occasions. Women were scanned in distinct phases of the menstrual cycle. Specificity was confirmed by pretreatment with a pharmacological (2.5 mg) dose of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. PET data were acquired over a 90-min period and regions of interest placed over selected brain regions. Brain and plasma time activity curves, corrected for metabolites, were used to derive kinetic parameters. Distribution volume (V(T)) values in both men and women followed the following rank order: thalamus > amygdala = preoptic area > medulla (inferior olive) > accumbens, pons, occipital and temporal cortex, putamen, cerebellum, and white matter. Pretreatment with letrozole reduced V(T) in all regions, though the size of the reduction was region-dependent, ranging from ∼70% blocking in thalamus andpreoptic area to ∼10% in cerebellum. The high levels of aromatase in thalamus and medulla (inferior olive) appear to be unique to humans. These studies set the stage for the noninvasive assessment of aromatase involvement in various physiological and pathological processes affecting the human brain.
Insulin-like growth factors act synergistically withbasic fibroblast growth factor and nerve growth factor to promote chromaffincell proliferation. (1994)

We have investigated the effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) on DNA synthesis in cultured chromaffin cells from fetal, neonatal, and adult rats by using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) pulse labeling for 24 or 48 h and immunocytochemical staining of cell nuclei. After 6 days in culture in the absence of growth factors, nuclear BrdUrd incorporation was detected in 30% of fetal chromaffin cells, 1.5% of neonatal cells, and 0.1% of adult cells. Addition of 10 nM IGF-I or IGF-II increased the fraction of BrdUrd-labeled nuclei to 50% of fetal, 20% of neonatal, and 2% of adult chromaffin cells. The ED50 value of IGF-I- and IGF-II-stimulated BrdUrd labeling in neonatal chromaffin cells was 0.3 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. In neonatal and adult chromaffin cells, addition of 1 nM bFGF or 2 nM NGF stimulated nuclear BrdUrd incorporation to approximately the same level as 10 nM IGF-I or IGF-II. However, the response to bFGF or NGF in combination with either IGF-I or IGF-II was more than additive, indicating that the combined effect of the IGFs and bFGF or NGF is synergistic. The degree of synergism was 2- to 4-fold in neonatal chromaffin cells and 10- to 20-fold in adult chromaffin cells compared with the effect of each growth factor alone. In contrast, the action of bFGF and NGF added together in the absence of IGFs was not synergistic or additive. IGF-II acted also as a survival factor on neonatal chromaffin cells and the cell survival was further improved when bFGF or NGF was added together with IGF-II. In conclusion, we propose that IGF-I and IGF-II act in synergy with bFGF and NGF to stimulate proliferation and survival of chromaffin cells during neonatal growth and adult maintenance of the adrenal medulla. Our findings may have implications for improving the survival of chromaffin cell implants in diseased human brain.
hnRNP A1 Relocalization to the Stress Granules Reflects a Role in the Stress Response (2006)

hnRNP A1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that is involved in many aspects of mRNA metabolism. We have previously shown that activation of the p38 stress-signaling pathway in mammalian cells results in both hyperphosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP A1, affecting alternative splicing regulation in vivo. Here we show that the stress-induced cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP A1 occurs in discrete phase-dense particles, the cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). Interestingly, mRNA-binding activity is required for both phosphorylation of hnRNP A1 and localization to SGs. We also show that these effects are mediated by the Mnk1/2 protein kinases that act downstream of p38. Finally, depletion of hnRNP A1 affects the recovery of cells from stress, suggesting a physiologically significant role for hnRNP A1 in the stress response. Our data are consistent with a model whereby hnRNP A1 recruitment to SGs involves Mnk1/2-dependent phosphorylation of mRNA-bound hnRNP A1.
The occurrence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation/-flutter following acute myocardial infarction (1999)

Atrial fibrillation/-flutter often occurs after acute myocardial infarction and our analysis demonstrated that it was an independent predictor of an increased short and long-term mortality.