gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sepia: scalable 3D compositing using PCI Pamette (2003)

We have implemented an image combining architecture that allows distributed rendering of a partitioned data set at interactive rates. The architecture achieves real-time frame rates and low latency through pipelining and the use of a high bandwidth network technology to transfer the image data. It is flexible because it uses programmable FPGA devices to implement the combining logic. The implementation cost is kept low by using only commodity components for the network and graphics, and FPGA logic. The result is a cost-effective interactive visualization system that can be used with a variety of applications running on distributed computing systems such as cluster of workstations and personal computers. We first motivate the development of a distributed rendering system and we introduce some of the concepts related to the 3D-visualization domain. We then describe our implementation of this system using the PCI Pamette FPGA-based board. We emphasize the advantages of using a programmable board for the prototype development and also for a potential commercial version.
Cytokine gene polymorphisms in acquired bone marrow failure (2007)

Some acquired aplastic anemia (AA) results from immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are implicated in controlling cytokine production and increasing the susceptibility to some autoimmune diseases. We characterized the IL-6/-174, TNF-alpha/-308, IL-10/-1082, IFN-gamma/+874, TGFbeta1/-509 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) and the IL1-RA second intron variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) alleles in 73 patients with AA and compared the frequency of genotypes to established control populations. We found that some patients with acquired AA have polymorphisms which are linked to high production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.
Humoral immune response in Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L., to cellular and extracellular antigens of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> (1991)

Abstract. The putative virulence factors of Aeromonas salmonicida , the aetiological agent of furunculosis in salmonids, are candidates for protective antigens in effective vaeeines against furunculosis. In this report, the authors have compared the immunogenieily of eell‐associated and extracellular antigens of A. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to that in rabbit. The animals were immunized with formalin‐killed whole cells and formalin‐inactivated extracellular products (ECP), either separately or in combination. The ability of the antigens to induce antibody production was studied by elisa and Western blotting techniques. These results confirm previous reports that far more structures are immunogenie in rabbit compared to the antibody responses elicited in salmon. However, in both species, some antigens were dominant, including a caseinolytic protease in addition to the A‐protein and high and low MW LPS.
Regulatory Sequences for the Amplification and Replication of the Ribosomal DNA Minichromosome in <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> (1997)

We have analyzed the cis-acting sequences that regulate rRNA gene (rDNA) replication in Tetrahymena thermophila. The macronucleus of this ciliated protozoan contains 9,000 copies of a 21-kbp minichromosome in the form of a palindrome comprising two copies of the rDNA. These are derived from a single chromosomally integrated copy during conjugation through selective amplification and are maintained by replicating once per cell cycle during vegetative growth. We have developed a transformation vector and carried out a deletion analysis to determine the minimal sequences required for replication, amplification, and/or stable maintenance of the rDNA molecule. Using constructs containing progressively longer deletions, we show that only a small portion (approximately 900 bp) of the rDNA is needed for extrachromosomal replication and stable maintenance of this molecule. This core region is very near but does not include the rRNA transcription initiation site or its putative promoter, indicating that replication is not dependent on normal rRNA transcription. It includes two nearly identical nuclease-sensitive domains (D1 and D2), one of which (D1) corresponds to the physical origin of replication determined previously. Deletion of both domains abolishes replication, whereas deletion of either domain allows the molecules to replicate, indicating that only one domain is required. In addition to this core region, we have found several DNA segments, including a tandem array of a 21-nucleotide repeat (type II repeats) and sequences within the rRNA coding region, that play distinctive and important roles in maintaining the rDNA at a high copy number.
Flux maximizing geometric flows (2002)

Several geometric active contour models have been proposed for segmentation in computer vision. The essential idea is to evolve a curve (in 2D) or a surface (in 3D) under constraints from image forces so that it clings to features of interest in an intensity image. Recent variations on this theme take into account properties of enclosed regions and allow for multiple curves or surfaces to be simultaneously represented. However, it is not clear how to apply these techniques to images of low contrast elongated structures, such as those of blood vessels. To address this problem we derive the gradient flow which maximizes the rate of increase of flux of an auxiliary vector field through a curve or surface. The calculation leads to a simple and elegant interpretation which is essentially parameter free. We illustrate its advantages with level-set based segmentations of 2D and 3D MRA images of blood vessels.
Comparison of analog and digital integrate-and-dump filters (1969)

The performance of the synchronized analog integrate-and-dump filter is compared with an equivalent digital implementation. Degradation in the output SNR of the digital filter due to sampling is computed. A first order prefilter is assumed and quantization noise is neglected.
Normal Gravity Testing of a Microchannel Phase Separator for In Situ Resource Utilization (2001)

A microchannel separator, with 2.7 millimeters as the smallest dimension, was tested, and a pore throat structure captured and removed liquid from a gas-liquid stream. The microchannel device was tested over a of gas and liquid flow rates ranging from 0.0005 up to 0. 14 volume fraction of liquid. Four liquids were tested with air. The biggest factor affecting the throughput is the capacity of liquid flow through the pore throat, which is dictated by permeability, liquid viscosity, flow area, pore throat thickness, and pressure difference across the pore throat. Typically, complete separation of gas and liquid fractions was lost when the liquid flow rate reached about 40 to 60% of the pore throat capacity. However, this could occur over a range of 10 to 90% utilization of pore throat capacity. Breakthrough occurs in the microchannel phase separator at conditions similar to the annular to plug flow transition of two-phase microgravity pipe flow implying that operating in the proper flow regime is crucial. Analysis indicates that the Bond number did not affect performance, supporting the premise that hydrodynamic, interfacial, and capillary forces are more important than gravity. However, the relative importance of gravity is better discerned through testing under reduced gravity conditions.
Study on radar imaging simulation of ocean current and waves (2011)

Monitoring ocean surface current is one of the most important applications for microwave remote sensing. It is significant for both civil and martial maritime activities. Microwave sensors mainly include early RAR, high-resolution SAR, and Bistatic SAR which is newly arisen[1]. A simulation procedure for RAR/SAR/biSAR with parallel flight squint mode imagery of ocean surface distributed targets is presented in this paper. With the use of ocean surface current file, sea state and radar parameters, and take tilt, hydrodynamic and velocity bunching modulation into account, this procedure can generate simulated radar imagery, based on the ocean surface scattering model and radar echo model. Radar imagery generated by this procedure can provide simulated data source for sequent algorithms research, i.e., ocean targets detection.
Epidermal growth factor reduces resistance to doxorubicin (1991)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) of a human squamous carcinoma cell line, A431. The relative enhancement of sensitivity by EGF was greater in 2 DOX-resistant sublines, A431/A5 and A431/A10, established by growing cells from surviving colonies after treatment of A431 cells with DOX. A greater number of EGF receptors (both high- and low-affinity binding sites) was found for resistant A431/A5 and A431/A10 cells than for parental cells. The enhanced drug responsiveness is not directly related to EGF effects on growth, as growth inhibition by EGF appears to be similar among the 3 sublines.
An Efficient Generalized Clustering Method for Achieving K-Anonymization (2015)

This paper proposed an efficient generalized clustering method which derives from the k-means algorithm for achieving k-anonymization with good data quality and minimum information loss. We defined the distance function for the three major attribute types: numerical type, categorical type, and structural type. Then we proceeded the method in two stages: preprocessing stage and postprocessing stage. The preprocessing stage is to partitions all records into[n/k] groups, and then add the records that are naturally similar to each other into every group. The postprocessing stage is to add each remaining record into a cluster with respect to which the increment of the information loss is minimal. We experimentally compared our method with other two clustering-based k-anonymization methods. The experiment showed that our method outperforms their method and also ensures the anonymization of data.
Applying Systems Engineering Principles in Improving Health Care Delivery (2007)

We discuss challenges and opportunities for bringing people with systems engineering skills into health care.
Generalized Gaussian quadrature rules on arbitrary polygons (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we present a numerical algorithm based on group theory and numerical optimization to compute efficient quadrature rules for integration of bivariate polynomials over arbitrary polygons. These quadratures have desirable properties such as positivity of weights and interiority of nodes and can readily be used as software libraries where numerical integration within planar polygons is required. We have used this algorithm for the construction of symmetric and non‐symmetric quadrature rules over convex and concave polygons. While in the case of symmetric quadratures our results are comparable to available rules, the proposed algorithm has the advantage of being flexible enough so that it can be applied to arbitrary planar regions for the integration of generalized classes of functions. To demonstrate the efficiency of the new quadrature rules, we have tested them for the integration of rational polygonal shape functions over a regular hexagon. For a relative error of 10 −8 in the computation of stiffness matrix entries, one needs at least 198 evaluation points when the region is partitioned, whereas 85 points suffice with our quadrature rule. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining Carbohydrate Antigens as HIV Vaccine Candidates (2006)

The induction of high affinity antibodies capable of broad neutralization and protection against infection and/or disease is a major goal in the development of a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Insights into the structure and function of the envelope (Env) protein of HIV-1 suggest that the virus is under strong selection pressure by the immune response leading to constant mutations in the Env protein including the N-glycosylation sites. Initially considered a shield against the immune system, the heavily glycosylated outer surface of the HIV Env protein has drawn attention lately as a legitimate target. The dense cluster of high mannose glycans and the great variety of complex glycans present epitopes that might impact on disease progression. Indeed a number of mannose binding proteins and at least one human anti-mannose antibody--2G12, are broadly neutralizing. Due to the low immunogenicity of carbohydrates, these targets on HIV are of limited value unless new powerful immunogens are found. One approach would be the molecular design of peptide carbohydrate mimotopes that can elicit neutralizing antibodies by recruiting optimal T cell help. Here we review existing data on carbohydrate interactions and HIV immunogenicity that serves as a basis for structural concepts and approaches used for vaccine design targeting HIV associated carbohydrate antigens. In particular, the value and the limitations of chemical (peptide libraries), structural and immunological information is illustrated.
CdTe–HgTe Heterostructures (1968)

The heterostructures described here were prepared by solid-state diffusion from a mixture of CdTe and HgTe powders into a wafer of single-crystal CdTe. The composition profiles as measured with an electron-beam microprobe show that 100 μ wide transition regions can be achieved. These profiles are consistent with published results on diffusion between bulk HgTe and bulk CdTe. Increasing the proportion of HgTe in the powder shifts the optical absorption edge from a wavelength of 0.8 μ (the value for bulk CdTe) to beyond the 15 μ limit of the measuring instruments. The photoelectromagnetic (PEM) effect shows a fairly flat spectral sensitivity for wavelengths between 1 and 5 μ. The photovoltaic response shows an anomalous exponential dependence on the photon energy, believed to be due to an undesirable p-n junction caused by cadmium vacancy formation. Theoretical models are derived for both effects.
A price-anticipating resource allocation mechanism for distributed shared clusters (2005)

In this paper we formulate the fixed budget resource allocation game to understand the performance of a distributed market-based resource allocation system. Multiple users decide how to distribute their budget bids) among multiple machines according to their individual preferences to maximize their individual utility. We look at both the efficiency and the fairness of the allocation at the equilibrium, where fairness is evaluated through the measures of utility uniformity and envy-freeness. We show analytically and through simulations that despite being highly decentralized, such a system converges quickly to an equilibrium and unlike the social optimum that achieves high efficiency but poor fairness, the proposed allocation scheme achieves a nice balance of high degrees of efficiency and fairness at the equilibrium.
Search in sensor networks: Challenges, techniques, and applications (2002)

Recently embedded wireless sensor networks (EWSN) have emerged as a solution to bridge the gap between the physical (and chemical and biological) world and the information world of the Internet. Deployment and effective use of EWSN posses numerous conceptual and technological challenges. In particular, there is a genuine need for the coordinated use of techniques from a variety of scientific and engineering fields, including DSP, computer science, information theory, communication, and applied mathematics. We address the problem of search in sensor networks using techniques from DSP and computer science. The search problem encompasses tasks such as indexing, stream searching, information filtering, semantic and syntax compression, profiling and recommending. The development of search tools will greatly facilitate efforts in many application of sensor networks, including event monitoring, low power operation, and physical space modelling. EWSN also poses unique challenges. For example, in the case of power and storage limitations, the key requirement is distributed space localized processing. The technical highlights of the paper include the first statistical stream search technique, the first technique for simultaneous search of correlated streams and the first technique for effective acquisition of correlated information under bandwidth and power constraints.
Smart Ionic Sol−Gel-Based Azobenzene Materials for Optical Generation of Microstructures (2008)

We propose a concept of supramolecular materials for effective all-optical generation of surface relief structures. The materials are based on the ionic interactions between oppositely charged photochromic azobenzene units and polysiloxane backbones formed in situ. The materials are easy to produce from commercial components. Using ionic interactions to connect photochromic units to the polymer backbones allowed very high dye-doping levels without aggregation. Because of this noncovalent bonding the polymer chains got involved in the photoinduced translation motion of azobenzene units resulting in very effective formation of surface relief gratings. For the first time some relaxation processes which counteract the light-induced formation of surface relief structures were suggested. Under consideration of these processes the influence of network formation and alternatively of glassy state on the efficiency of mass transport and the stability of induced structures was discussed. Because of the simplicity and versatility of the concept the new family of materials for applications in optics, sensorics, and biology may be designed.
Serological Evaluation of Some Psittaciformes for Budgerigar Fledgling Disease Virus (1987)

Breeding psittaciform birds (psittacines) from three geographically separated aviaries experiencing fledgling mortality were monitored during 1983 and 1984 for specific serum antibody to budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BFDV) using a fluorescent-antibody virus-neutralization test. Neither the time nor the extent of exposure to the virus was known. Serological titers were positive in 45% of birds sampled from Aviary 1, 25% from Aviary 2, and 11% from Aviary 3. Several species of psittacine birds within each aviary were serologically positive for BFDV. The results indicated that a papovavirus similar to BFDV appears to infect a wide range of captive adult psittacine birds. Macaws (Ara sp. and Anodorhynchus sp.) were evaluated for distribution of infection. Each species within these two genera showed positive serological titers to BFDV. Three groups of birds showed a decrease in serum antibody titer to BFDV at 1 and 2.5 months after the first sampling. Positive titers decreased from 66 to 20% for one group and from 60 to 50% for a second group in 1 month, and they decreased from 42 to 17% for a third group in 2.5 months.
Salivary pellets induce a pro-inflammatory response involving the TLR4–NF-kB pathway in gingival fibroblasts (2016)

The data support the molecular mechanism of a TLR4-NF-kB-dependent pro-inflammatory response of the gingival fibroblasts exposed to preparations of washed salivary pellets. Together, the data indicate that the salivary pellet is rich in endotoxin but it is mainly a heat labile fraction that accounts for the chemokine expression in the bioassay.
Use Case Maps for Object-Oriented Systems (1995)

Object-oriented and real time together the behavioural fabric of systems a context for designing with use case maps a simple example basic use case map model case study - a conventional object-oriented application advanced use case map model case study - high level design of a real-time, distributed system detailed design notation case study - rounding out the real-time, distributed system example macro and micro patterns supplementing familiar design methods. Appendix: notation summary some coding examples.
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in inclined tubes (1979)

In this investigation, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was studied in inclined tubes. Two parameters were included which make this work different from any previous research on this subject. First, the actual rate of settling was measured with an automatic sedimentimeter and second, the settling tubes were rotated along their long axis with constant angular velocity. The results in both the vertical and inclined tubes could be expressed in terms of a simple mathematical equation. It was also observed that the rotation of the inclined tubes practically negates the effect of the inclination.
Src Tyrosine Kinases, Gα Subunits, and H-Ras Share a Common Membrane-anchored Scaffolding Protein, Caveolin (1996)

Caveolae are plasma membrane specializations present in most cell types. Caveolin, a 22-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal structural and regulatory component of caveolae membranes. Previous studies have demonstrated that caveolin co-purifies with lipid modified signaling molecules, including Galpha subunits, H-Ras, c-Src, and other related Src family tyrosine kinases. In addition, it has been shown that caveolin interacts directly with Galpha subunits and H-Ras, preferentially recognizing the inactive conformation of these molecules. However, it is not known whether caveolin interacts directly or indirectly with Src family tyrosine kinases. Here, we examine the structural and functional interaction of caveolin with Src family tyrosine kinases. Caveolin was recombinantly expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion. Using an established in vitro binding assay, we find that caveolin interacts with wild-type Src (c-Src) but does not form a stable complex with mutationally activated Src (v-Src). Thus, it appears that caveolin prefers the inactive conformation of Src. Deletion mutagenesis indicates that the Src-interacting domain of caveolin is located within residues 82-101, a cytosolic membrane-proximal region of caveolin. A caveolin peptide derived from this region (residues 82-101) functionally suppressed the auto-activation of purified recombinant c-Src tyrosine kinase and Fyn, a related Src family tyrosine kinase. We further analyzed the effect of caveolin on c-Src activity in vivo by transiently co-expressing full-length caveolin and c-Src tyrosine kinase in 293T cells. Co-expression with caveolin dramatically suppressed the tyrosine kinase activity of c-Src as measured via an immune complex kinase assay. Thus, it appears that caveolin structurally and functionally interacts with wild-type c-Src via caveolin residues 82-101. Besides interacting with Src family kinases, this cytosolic caveolin domain (residues 82-101) has the following unique features. First, it is required to form multivalent homo-oligomers of caveolin. Second, it interacts with G-protein alpha-subunits and down-regulates their GTPase activity. Third, it binds to wild-type H-Ras. Fourth, it is membrane-proximal, suggesting that it may be involved in other potential protein-protein interactions. Thus, we have termed this 20-amino acid stretch of caveolin residues the caveolin scaffolding domain.