gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear batteries (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear batteriesAlfred B. Garrett Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 9, 446Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1956Published inissue 1 September 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ed033p446RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Whole Pattern in Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction Using the Hollow-Cone Beam Method (1985)

Whole Pattern in Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction Using the Hollow-Cone Beam Method Get access Michiyoshi TANAKA, Michiyoshi TANAKA Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, 980 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masami TERAUCHI Masami TERAUCHI Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, 980 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Electron Microscopy, Volume 34, Issue 1, 1985, Pages 52–55, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a050494 Published: 01 January 1985 Article history Published: 01 January 1985 Received: 16 February 1985 Accepted: 20 March 1985
Investigations on Casing-Cement Interaction with Application to Gas and CO2 Storage Wells (2010)

Abstract This paper describes the construction and theoretical background of a new testing facility to investigate long-term sealability of cement recipes with application to storage gas wells. The first part deals with a theoretical downscaling of well conditions in order to determine the test parameters. Storage gas wells may have production casing strings with sizes up to 9 5/8" and therefore some downscaling criteria are necessary. The test facility representing an artificial annulus allows the simulation of the load changes and their effect on the cement. The adjustment of the test loads in the test facility is supported by an FEM-Analysis. This allows generating stresses in the test facility equal to those at the cement casing interface in the wellbore. The testing procedure is independent of the cement recipe and designed to expose the cement to common loads, as it has been found in gas or CO2 wells. Based on the visual observation, the measured axial and radial strains, axial displacement and test gas pressure drop it was possible to identify the development of a micro annulus and radial cracks in the cement sheath. The tests also showed that there is a region of minimum leakage in the failed cement sheath depending on the internal casing pressure.
Security of runtime extensible virtual environments (2002)

Distributed, real-time virtual environment (VE) architectures have traditionally been driven by quality of service (QOS) considerations, with little or no concern paid to security issues. With recent advancements in functionality, computing power and network bandwidth it has become practical to use VEs in sensitive areas such as product development with proprietary information and visualization of classified information. Consequently, previously ignored aspects of security need to be made a primary concern at the outset of designing a VE. In this paper we explore security concerns associated with a subtype of VEs: Runtime Extensible VEs (RTEVEs). We introduce a taxonomy of security issues, derived from a case study of NPSNET-V, with the goal of using this taxonomy to guide the formulation of security policy, requirements, and architectures for RTEVEs.
Physical Metallurgy and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys Containing Eight to Twelve Weight Percent Iron (1986)

New aluminum alloys with improved temperature capability have been under development during the last decade for a variety of aerospace applications. Prolonged aerodynamic heating of unprotected aluminum surfaces at relative velocities greater than Mach 2.0 produces fast degradation in the mechanical properties of currently available aluminum precipitation-hardened alloys. One alloy system which demonstrates improved 600 K strength properties and has received considerable attention is that based on Al-8(weight percent)Fe alloy (Al-8Fe) with various ternary additions. This paper reviews the physical metallurgy of aluminum-iron alloys, particularly the effect of increasing solidification rate on the crystallography of the metastable phases, and, finally, the effect of “rapid” solidification at cooling rates of ≈ 106 K/s. The current pilot production methods used for producing these alloys, in engineering quantities, include air atomization, inert gas atomization, and chill-block planar flow casting—all processes having somewhat unique characteristics and producing unique microstructures in the compositional range of 8 to 12% iron, by weight, with ternary additions. Aspects of the differences in these processes in relation to the physical metallurgy of the alloy systems are discussed. In this paper the consolidation of rapidly solidified powders is discussed, demonstrating the relationship between consolidation parameters and the evolution of acceptable mechanical properties for engineering use.
Carbohydrate fractions of legumes: uses in human nutrition and potential for health (2002)

Starch and fibre can be extracted, using wet or dry processes, from a variety of grain legumes and used as ingredients for food. alpha-Galactosides can be isolated during wet processes from the soluble extract. Starch isolates or concentrates are mostly produced from peas, whereas dietary fibre fractions from peas and soyabean are commercially available. The physico-chemical characteristics of fibre fractions very much depend on their origin, outer fibres being very cellulosic whereas inner fibres contain a majority of pectic substances. Inner fibres are often used as texturing agents whereas outer fibres find their main uses in bakery and extruded products, where they can be introduced to increase the fibre content of the food. Most investigations on impacts on health have been performed on soyabean fibres. When positive observations were made on lipaemia, glucose tolerance or faecal excretion, they were unfortunately often obtained after non-realistic daily doses of fibres. Legume starches contain a higher amount of amylose than most cereal or tuber starches. This confers these starches a lower bioavailability than that of most starches, when raw or retrograded. Their low glycaemic index can be considered as beneficial for health and especially for the prevention of diseases related to insulin resistance. When partly retrograded, these starches can provide significant amount of butyrate to the colonic epithelium and may help in colon cancer prevention. alpha-Galactosides are usually considered as responsible for flatus but their apparent prebiotic effects may be an opportunity to valorize these oligosaccharides.
Thin Flexible Thermal Ground Planes: Fabrication and Scaling Characterization (2015)

Thermal ground planes (TGPs) are passive thermal management devices that utilize the latent heat associated with phase change to achieve high effective thermal conductance, similar to heat pipes. In this paper, we develop flexible TGPs with an ultra-thin thickness of 0.5 mm using copper-cladded polyimide as the encasing material, woven copper mesh as a wick, and electroplated copper pillars to support a vapor core. The lowest thermal resistance of one TGP is characterized to be only 1/3 that of an equivalently sized copper heat spreader. The effects of size scaling of evaporator and condenser, and overall TGP sizes on the thermal resistances of TGPs are experimentally characterized. A simple series thermal resistance model, which accounts for vapor core thermal resistance, is developed to predict the measured results. This experimentally validated model can be used for the design of TGPs with varying sizes of evaporator and condenser, and overall size.
A coaxial line architecture for integrating and scaling 3D cQED systems (2016)

Numerous loss mechanisms can limit coherence and scalability of planar and 3D-based circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) devices, particularly due to their packaging. The low loss and natural isolation of 3D enclosures make them good candidates for coherent scaling. We introduce a coaxial transmission line device architecture with coherence similar to traditional 3D cQED systems. Measurements demonstrate well-controlled external and on-chip couplings, a spectrum absent of cross-talk or spurious modes, and excellent resonator and qubit lifetimes. We integrate a resonator-qubit system in this architecture with a seamless 3D cavity, and separately pattern a qubit, readout resonator, Purcell filter and high-Q stripline resonator on a single chip. Device coherence and its ease of integration make this a promising tool for complex experiments.
Possible magnetic behavior in oxygen-deficient<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math>-PtO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2012)

We studied the electronic properties of beta-platinum dioxide (\ensuremath{\beta}-PtO${}_{2}$), a catalytic material, based on density functional theory. Using the GGA+U method, which reproduces the GW band structures and the experimental structural parameters, we found that the creation of an oxygen vacancy will induce local magnetic moment on the neighboring Pt and O atoms. The magnetism originates not only from the unpaired electrons that occupy the vacancy-induced gap state but also from the itinerant valence electrons. Because of antiferromagnetic coupling and the localized nature of gap states, the total magnetic moment is zero for charge-neutral state (${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}}^{0}$) and is \ensuremath{\sim}1 \ensuremath{\mu}${}_{\mathrm{B}}$ for singly charged states (${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$). Calculation of grand potential shows that the three charge states (${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}}^{0}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$) are of the same stability within a small region, and the negatively charged state (${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) is energetically favored within a wide range of the band gap. On this basis we discussed the implication on catalytic behavior.
Out of the Past (1996)

Review| June 01 1996 Out of the Past The Last Machine, Early Cinema and the Birth of the Modern World by Ian Christie, London: British Film Institute, 1994 Distributed by Indiana University Press LeAnn Erickson LeAnn Erickson Leann Erickson is assistant professor of film and video production at Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, MA. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1996) 23 (6): 24. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1996.23.6.24 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation LeAnn Erickson; Out of the Past. Afterimage 1 June 1996; 23 (6): 24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1996.23.6.24 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1996 by The Regents of the University of California1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Cutting Problems (1977)

We present a tree-search algorithm for two-dimensional cutting problems in which there is a constraint on the maximum number of each type of piece that is to be produced. The algorithm limits the size of the tree search by deriving and imposing necessary conditions for the cutting pattern to be optimal. A dynamic programming procedure for the solution of the unconstrained problem and a node evaluation method based on a transportation routine are used to produce upper bounds during the search. The computational performance of the algorithm is illustrated by tests performed on a large number of randomly generated problems with constraints of varying “tightness.” The results indicate that the algorithm is an effective procedure for solving cutting problems of medium size.
Scintigraphic Localization of Pheochromocytoma (1981)

We used a new radiopharmaceutical agent, [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG), to produce scintigraphic images of pheochromocytomas in eight patients. One day or more after injection, the only normal organ that displayed distinct concentrations of radioactivity was the urinary bladder. The [131I]MIBG was probably concentrated in adrenergic vesicles; in tissues where vesicles are numerous, such as pheochromocytomas, the radionuclide was retained for days. The spectrum of pheochromocytomas shown the scintigrams was broad: intra-adrenal and extraadrenal in location, benign and malignant in character, 0.2 to 65 g in weight, and with different hormone patterns in secretion. Tumors in four patients were not detected by computed tomography. In one patient, reoperation was undertaken only because the scintigram located the extra-adrenal tumors and thereby directed the surgeon's exploration. The method offers hope of safe and reliable localization of pheochromocytomas in their many guises.
Synthesis and free radical ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐methylene‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (1982)

Abstract The cyclic ketene acetal, 2‐methylene‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolane ( 3 ), was shown to undergo free radical ring‐opening polymerization to produce the polyester, poly[γ‐(β‐phenyl)butyrolactone]. The monomer 3 was synthesized by an acetal exchange reaction of chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal with styrene glycol in an 87% yield followed by dehydrochlorination of the resulting cis and trans ‐2‐chloromethyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolane ( 2 ) with potassium tert ‐butoxide in tert ‐butyl alcohol in a 70% yield. 3 was shown to undergo essentially quantitative free radical ring‐opening at all temperatures from 60–150°C and also nearly complete regioselective ring‐opening with cleavage to give the more highly stable secondary benzyl free radical. Even in free radical copolymerization with styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, or 4‐vinylpyridine, 3 gives essentially complete ring opening to introduce an ester groups into the backbone of the addition copolymer. The structures of the polymers were established by elemental analysis and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
Repellent Additives to Reduce Pesticide Hazards to Honeybees: Laboratory Testing (1975)

SummaryOf 143 chemicals tested to determine their potential to repel honeybees from pesticide-treated agricultural crops, many well known insect repellents proved non-repellent to bees. Chemicals were evaluated quantitatively to determine their efficacy in preventing or deterring bees from feeding from food containers either containing a candidate repellent (gustatory test), or surrounded by a disc bearing a candidate repellent (spatial test). Few behavioural observations were made. Structurally, compounds containing nitrogen, short side-chain substituted phenyl acetates and/or tolyl compounds showed the most promise as honeybee repellents. Chemicals with thymol-like odours also appeared promising.
CD40L-Adjuvanted DNA/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV239 Vaccine Enhances SIV-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity and Improves Protection against a Heterologous SIVE660 Mucosal Challenge (2014)

Despite many advances in the field of AIDS research, an effective AIDS vaccine that can prevent infection remains elusive. CD40L is a key stimulator of dendritic cells and B cells and can therefore enhance T cell and antibody responses, but its overly potent nature can lead to adverse effects unless used in small doses. In order to modulate local expression of CD40L at relatively lower levels, we expressed CD40L in a membrane-bound form, along with SIV antigens, in a nucleic acid (DNA) vector. We tested the immunogenicity and efficacy of the CD40L-adjuvanted vaccine in macaques using a heterologous mucosal SIV infection. The CD40L-adjuvanted vaccine enhanced the functional quality of anti-Env antibody response and breadth of anti-SIV T cell responses and improved protection. These results demonstrate that VLP-membrane-bound CD40L serves as a novel adjuvant for an HIV vaccine.
Channeling of Intermediates Derived from Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and De novo-SYnthesized Fatty Acids to Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid by 2-Bromooctanoic Acid in Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07 (2004)

2-Bromooctanoic acid (2-BrOA) is known to block the formation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) in Pseudomonasfluorescens BM07 without any influence on the cell growth when grown on fructose, but it inhibits the cell growth when grown on octanoate (OA) (Lee et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 4963- 4974, 2001). We investigated the role of 2-BrOA in the PHA synthesis of the bacterium grown with mixtures of fructose and fatty acids. OA, 11­phenoxyundecanoic acid (1 1-POU), and 5-phenylvaleric acid (5-PV) were selected as model substrates. When supplemented with 50 mM fructose, all these carboxylic acids suppressed the formation of PHA from fructose, however, the ~-oxidation coenzyme A monomers derived from the carboxylic acids were efficiently polymerized, but the conversion yield [(mol of carboxylate substrate converted into PHA)/(mol of carboxylate substrate in the feed)] was low (e.g., maximally for 5 mM 11-POU). Addition of 2-BrOA (up to 5 mM) to the mixed carbon sources raised the conversion yield sensitively and effectively only at low levels of the acid substrates (e.g., 2 mM 1 1-POU or 5 mM OA): For instance, of 2 mM ll-POU were converted into PHA in the presence of 5 mM 2-BrOA, whereas only of the 1 1-POU were converted in the absence of 2-BrOA. However, at highly saturated suppressing levels (e.g., 5 mM ll-POU), 2-BrOA inhibitor showed no significant additional effect on the conversion ( conversion irrespective of 2-BrOA level). The existence of competitive and compensative relationship between 2­BrOA and all the carboxylic acid substrates used may indicate 'Present address: Section on Brain Physiology and Metabolism, Bldg. 10, Rm. 6N202, National Institute on Agmg, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A. that all the acid substrate-derived inhibiting species bind to the same site as the 2-BrOA inhibiting species does. We, therefore, suggest that 2-BrOA can be used for efficiently increasing the yield of conversion of expensive substituted fatty acids into PHA and then substituted 3-hydroxyacids by hydrolyzing it.
Secretory Phospholipases A2 Activate Selective Functions in Human Eosinophils (2003)

Secretory phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are released in large amounts in the blood of patients with systemic inflammatory diseases and accumulate at sites of chronic inflammation, such as the airways of patients with bronchial asthma. Blood eosinophils or eosinophils recruited in inflammatory areas therefore can be exposed in vivo to high concentrations of sPLA(2). We have examined the effects of two structurally different sPLA(2)s (group IA and group IIA) on several functions of eosinophils isolated from normal donors and patients with hypereosinophilia. Both group IA and IIA sPLA(2) induced a concentration-dependent release of beta-glucuronidase, IL-6, and IL-8. Release of the two cytokines was associated with the accumulation of their specific mRNA. In addition, sPLA(2)s induced the surface expression of CD44 and CD69, two major activation markers of eosinophils. In contrast, none of the sPLA(2)s examined induced the production of IL-5, the de novo synthesis of leukotriene C(4) and platelet-activating factor, or the generation of superoxide anion from human eosinophils. Incubation of eosinophils with the major enzymatic products of the sPLA(2)s (arachidonic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, or lysophosphatidic acid) did not reproduce any of the enzymes' effects. In addition, inactivation of sPLA(2) enzymatic activity by bromophenacyl bromide did not influence the release of beta-glucuronidase or of cytokines. Stimulation of eosinophils by sPLA(2)s was associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2. These results indicate that sPLA(2)s selectively activate certain proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions of human eosinophils through mechanism(s) independent from enzymatic activity and from the generation of arachidonic acid.
Geohazard detection and other applications of chimney cubes (2002)

The “chimney cube” is a new processing and interpretation tool that highlights vertical anomalies on seismic data associated with gas clouds and gas chimneys. They are used to address drilling hazards caused by shallow gas pockets and platform stability problems due to subsea mud volcanoes. Chimney cube data also assist exploration of hydrocarbon targets by high grading prospects and improving understanding of the petroleum system.
How I Treat Vitamin D Deficiency (2010)

Vitamin D plays an important role in the homeostasis of a variety of organ systems, but its role in prevention of cancer and recurrence-along with necessary blood levels-has yet to be defined.
OSA: a fast and accurate alignment tool for RNA-Seq (2012)

OSA can be downloaded from http://omicsoft.com/osa. It is free to academic users. OSA has been tested extensively on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows platforms.
The search duel (2014)

How can a search engine with a relatively weak relevance ranking function compete with a search engine that has a much stronger ranking function? This dual challenge, which to the best of our knowledge has not been addressed in previous work, entails an interesting bi-modal utility function for the weak search engine. That is, the goal is to produce in response to a query a document result list whose effectiveness does not fall much behind that of the strong search engine; and, which is quite different than that of the strong engine. We present a per-query algorithmic approach that leverages fundamental retrieval principles such as pseudo-feedback-based relevance modeling. We demonstrate the merits of our approach using TREC data.
The Application of High Dimensional Medical Imaging Techniques for Tele-surgery (2003)

Recently, research on medical virtual reality and real-time imaging techniques for routine clinical procedures has been expanding. This paper will provide an introduction to the application of high dimensional medical imaging techniques for the realization of tele-surgery. The techniques we have been working on include a medical image analysis, a surgical navigation system, a robotic surgery system, a tele-virtual surgery simulation system as well as various applications. In addition, we will introduce the functions of the high-tech navigation operating room that has been constructed at The Jikei University 3rd Hospital in July 2003 in order to conduct the high-tech navigation surgery.