gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shaping Phenotype, Function, and Survival of Dendritic Cells by Cytomegalovirus-Encoded IL-10 (2004)

Human dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the antiviral immune response and represent a strategically important target for immune evasion of viruses, including human CMV (HCMV). Recently, HCMV has been discovered to encode a unique IL-10 homologue (cmvIL-10). In this study we investigated the capacity of cmvIL-10 to shape phenotype, function, and survival of DCs. For comparison we included human IL-10 and another IL-10 homologue encoded by EBV, which does not directly target DCs. Interestingly, cmvIL-10 strongly activated STAT3 in immature DCs despite its low sequence identity with human IL-10. For most molecules cmvIL-10 blocked LPS-induced surface up-regulation, confirming its role as an inhibitor of maturation. However, a small number of molecules on LPS-treated DCs including IDO, a proposed tolerogenic molecule, showed a different behavior and were up-regulated in response to cmvIL-10. Intriguingly, the expression of C-type lectin DC-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin, a receptor for HCMV infection found exclusively on DCs, was also enhanced by cmvIL-10. This phenotypic change was mirrored by the efficiency of HCMV infection. Moreover, DCs stimulated with LPS and simultaneously treated with cmvIL-10 retained the function of immature DCs. Finally, cmvIL-10 increased apoptosis associated with DC maturation by blocking up-regulation of the antiapoptotic long form cellular FLIP. Taken together, these findings show potential mechanisms by which cmvIL-10 could assist HCMV to infect DCs and to impair DC function and survival.
How Reliable Can Two-Path Protection Be? (2009)

This paper investigates the subject of reliability via two link-disjoint paths in mesh networks. We address the issues of how reliable two-path protection can be and how to achieve the maximum reliability. This work differs from traditional studies, such as MIN-SUM, MIN-MAX, and MIN-MIN, in that the objective in this paper is to maximize the reliability of the two-path connection given the link reliability, or equivalently, to minimize the end-to-end failure probability. We refer to this problem as MAX-REL. Solving MAX-REL provides 100% protection against a single failure while maximizing the reliability regardless of how many link failures occur in the network. We prove that this problem is NP-complete and derive a corresponding upper bound, which is the theoretical maximum reliability for a source-destination pair, and a lower bound, which is the worst case of the proposed algorithm. The time efficiency of the algorithms is analyzed, and the performance of the algorithms is evaluated through simulation. We demonstrate that our heuristic algorithms not only achieve a low computing complexity, but also achieve nearly equivalent performance to the upper bound.
Denaturation and Renaturation of Bovine Liver Glutamic Dehydrogenase after Dissociation in Various Denaturants (1980)

Abstract Oligomeric glutamic dehydrogenase from bovine liver is dissociated to inactive monomers (M r = 56 000) under a wide variety of conditions: 3 ≥ pH ≥ 12, 6 ᴍ guanidine · HCl, 6 ᴍ urea, 0.2% sodium dodecylsulfate. High hydrostatic pressure (< 1 kbar) only affects the association equilibrium of the native hexamer to higher polymers. The respective reaction volume (ΔV=28 ± 5 ml · mol -1 at 298 K, 1 bar) is linearly dependent on temperature and pressure. At p > 1.5 kbar dissociation of the hexamer occurs; this reaction is accompanied by irreversible deactivation. Depending on the denaturant applied for the monomerization, the final conformational stale of the polypeptide chain differs widely regarding its residual structure. As taken from laser light scattering measurements the rate of dissociation at pH 1.8 follows first order kinetics with a rate constant k 1 = 0.42 ± 0.06 s -1 . In the range of the oligomer ⇌ monomer transition, dissociation is accompanied by irreversible aggregation leading to inactive high molecular weight material. At low concentration (c < 5 µg/ml) this side reaction can be slowed down, so that the reconstitution of the enzyme can be monitored using spectroscopic techniques. Concentration dependent stopped-flow experiments prove the regain of fluorescence to be a rapid first order process; the respective half-times at pH 7.4 are τ 1/2 = 2.0 ± 0.5 ms and 0.7 ± 0.2 ms for the “renaturation” from 6 ᴍ guanidine · HCl, pH 6, and pH ~ 2, respectively. The product of reconstitution shows the fluorescence and circular dichroism pattern characteristic for the native enzyme. However, no reactivation can be achieved under any of the following conditions: optimum protection against chemical modification; variation of enzyme concentration, temperature, and hydrostatic pressure; addition of specific ligands such as coenzymes, substrates, ADP, membrane constituents (cardiolipin, electron transfer particles ETPH). Obviously, the “renaturation” (D → N) of glutamic dehydrogenase is governed by a side reaction according to N → D ⇌ R → A which causes aggregation of intermediates R instead of reconstitution of the native enzyme.
Analysis on giant magnetoresistive characteristics of synthetic antiferromagnet-based spin valves with modified pinned layers (2003)

A parametric sensitivity analysis has been performed on a new type of synthetic antiferromagnet-based spin valves (SSVs) comprising a modified pinned structure using CoFe (P1)-Ru-CoFe (P2)-Ru-CoFe (P3). Recently, it was demonstrated that this type of modified synthetic spin valves (MSSVs) could deliver larger effective exchange field (H/sub ex.eff/) as well as better bias point control capability over a conventional SSV, in particular, when the device size became as small as 50 nm . A series of calculations based on the Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation incorporating a single-domain multilayer model was carried out. We considered three key parameters such as an indirect exchange coupling energy (J/sub 1/) between P1-P2 as well as P2-P3, an exchange biasing energy between P1 and antiferromagnetic layer (J/sub eb/), and a relative giant magnetoresistive contribution (R) due to the angular difference of magnetizations in the pinned structure. It was found that J/sub 1/ was mainly related with the saturation field (H/sub s/) and the field at which the maximum subpeak magnetoresistance (MR) ratio (H/sub sub/) occurred, while J/sub eb/ influenced on the H/sub ex.eff/. R raised the MR ratio between the main peak and subpeak. As J/sub 1/ increased, H/sub ex.eff/ also increased. As the cell dimension decreased below 1 /spl mu/m, H/sub ex.eff/ and H/sub s/ increased while H/sub sub/ decreased rapidly.
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Is a Nematode (1998)

Caenorhabditis elegans is a rhabditid nematode. What relevance does this have for the interpretation of the complete genome sequence, and how will it affect the exploitation of the sequence for scientific and social ends? Nematodes are only distantly related to humans and other animal groups; will this limit the universality of the C. elegans story? Many nematodes are parasites; can knowledge of the C. elegans sequence aid in the prevention and treatment of disease?
AMUSE - A Platform for Prototyping Live Mobile TV Services (2007)

One of the most promising areas for interactive mobile TV is broadcasting live events such as sports. In this context, viewers benefit from additional information and notification features. To investigate the possibilities of such mobile TV services in a telecommunications context, research projects require a versatile environment for prototyping and testing convergent architectures and services. In this paper, we present our interactive mobile TV platform for early stage technology and service prototyping. We focus on critical broadcast/unicast network aspects and our interactive media client. We illustrate the application of the system to live mobile TV scenarios and outline promising future research directions.
<title>Optical coherence tomography by spectral radar for the analysis of human skin</title> (1998)

The 'spectral radar' is an optical sensor for the acquisition of skin morphology. The scattering amplitude a(z) along one vertical axis from the surface into the bulk can be measured within one exposure. No reference arm scanning is necessary. We discus the theory of the sensor, including the dynamical range and we show in vivo measurements of human skin by a fiber optical implementation of the sensor.
Flame Retardants in Commercial Use or in Advanced Development in Polycarbonates and Polycarbonate Blends (2006)

The polycarbonates, intrinsically rather flame retardant, have been further flame retarded with various bromoaromatic additives, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A polycarbonate. Other bromine additives used include brominated epoxy condensates and brominated polystyrenes. Sodium or potassium sulfonates, such as potassium perfluorobutylsulfonate, potassium diphenylsulfonesulfonate and sodium trichlorobenzenesulfonate are effective in very low loadings to meet less stringent flame retardancy. The first two allow for transparency. The blends of polycarbonate and poly(acrylonitride butadiene styrene) (ABS) are widely used for flame-retardant electrical and electronic enclosures. The major flame retardants used at present in the blends are tetraphenyl resorcinol diphosphate and tetraphenyl bisphenol-A diphosphonate (both with oligomers).
José Cuatrecasas Arumí (1903-1996) (1996)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Experimental and modeling studies of a Brillouin amplifier (1993)

KrF laser-pumped backward Brillouin amplification of nanosecond pulses at 248 nm is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Gain and saturation of the amplifier system are studied for an SF/sub 6/ Brillouin medium at pressures of 5 to 15 atm and 24 ns pump pulses at an intensity of approximately=9 MW/cm/sup 2/. The input Stokes intensity is varied from 0.001 to 1.0 MW/cm/sup 2/. Power gains of 20 are achieved at energy extraction efficiencies of 40%. Experimental results are compared to a time dependent numerical model of pulse amplification which incorporates arbitrary pump and Stokes pulse shapes and intensities. The effect of laser bandwidth is investigated in the model calculations in order to assess its influence on Brillouin amplification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Convolutional Neural Network With Shape Prior Applied to Cardiac MRI Segmentation (2018)

In this paper, we present a novel convolutional neural network architecture to segment images from a series of short-axis cardiac magnetic resonance slices (CMRI). The proposed model is an extension of the U-net that embeds a cardiac shape prior and involves a loss function tailored to the cardiac anatomy. Since the shape prior is computed offline only once, the execution of our model is not limited by its calculation. Our system takes as input raw magnetic resonance images, requires no manual preprocessing or image cropping and is trained to segment the endocardium and epicardium of the left ventricle, the endocardium of the right ventricle, as well as the center of the left ventricle. With its multiresolution grid architecture, the network learns both high and low-level features useful to register the shape prior as well as accurately localize the borders of the cardiac regions. Experimental results obtained on the Automatic Cardiac Diagnostic Challenge - Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (ACDC-MICCAI) 2017 dataset show that our model segments multislices CMRI (left and right ventricle contours) in 0.18 s with an average Dice coefficient of [Formula: see text] and an average 3-D Hausdorff distance of [Formula: see text] mm.
Synthesis of B-Trisubstituted Borazines by Reaction of B-Trichloroborazine with Grignard Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of B-Trisubstituted Borazines by Reaction of B-Trichloroborazine with Grignard Reagents1Daniel T. Haworth and Leo F. HohnstedtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 3860–3862Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01500a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct axis current utilization for intelligent sensorless permanent magnet synchronous drives (2002)

Permanent magnet synchronous drives can be operated with a nonzero d-axis current component in order to obtain significant advantages. On the one hand, the sensorless position estimation in the low speed range including standstill can be improved by amplifying the saturation effects of the machine. Depending on the machine, this may cause an accuracy improvement of more than 30%. On the other hand, the direct axis current component can be utilized to realize a novel brake concept of the machine with minimum hardware effort. The hereby enabled saving of both the braking resistor and the position sensor yields an ultra low cost drive with very high power density.
Design of Squeeze Film Damper Supports for Rigid Rotors (1974)

This paper investigates squeeze film bearings supporting a centrally preloaded rigid rotor mounted in antifriction bearings. Assuming the short bearing approximation and isothermal, incompressible lubrication, design data are presented for such a system over a wide range of operating conditions. Design considerations include the possibility of undesirable operation modes, the maximum unbalance for which the squeeze film support is superior to the rigid mount, the transmissibility at design speed and the forces transmitted during start-up. It is shown that unbalance force attenuations by factors of three or more are a practical possibility with a consequent increase in antifriction bearing life. A numerical example is included.
Targeted Deletion of the Ileal Bile Acid Transporter Eliminates Enterohepatic Cycling of Bile Acids in Mice (2003)

The ileal apical sodium bile acid cotransporter participates in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. In patients with primary bile acid malabsorption, mutations in the ileal bile acid transporter gene (Slc10a2) lead to congenital diarrhea, steatorrhea, and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. To elucidate the quantitative role of Slc10a2 in intestinal bile acid absorption, the Slc10a2 gene was disrupted by homologous recombination in mice. Animals heterozygous (Slc10a2+/-) and homozygous (Slc10a2-/-) for this mutation were physically indistinguishable from wild type mice. In the Slc10a2-/- mice, fecal bile acid excretion was elevated 10- to 20-fold and was not further increased by feeding a bile acid binding resin. Despite increased bile acid synthesis, the bile acid pool size was decreased by 80% and selectively enriched in cholic acid in the Slc10a2-/- mice. On a low fat diet, the Slc10a2-/- mice did not have steatorrhea. Fecal neutral sterol excretion was increased only 3-fold, and intestinal cholesterol absorption was reduced only 20%, indicating that the smaller cholic acid-enriched bile acid pool was sufficient to facilitate intestinal lipid absorption. Liver cholesteryl ester content was reduced by 50% in Slc10a2-/- mice, and unexpectedly plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were slightly elevated. These data indicate that Slc10a2 is essential for efficient intestinal absorption of bile acids and that alternative absorptive mechanisms are unable to compensate for loss of Slc10a2 function.
Kimchi: Spicy Science for the Undergraduate Microbiology Laboratory (2014)

Undergraduate microbiology courses offer a perfect opportunity to introduce students to historical food preservation processes that are still in use today. The fermentation of vegetables, as occurs in the preparation of sauerkraut and kimchi, uses an enrichment step to select for the growth of naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This is an active learning exercise in which students learn a food preparation skill and basic microbiological terms such as selection and enrichment. When performed in conjunction with cultured fermentations, such as yogurt making, students can see the difference between fermentations by naturally occurring microorganisms versus inoculated microorganisms. Additionally, this exercise introduces students to concepts of food safety, intrinsic factors influencing microbial growth such as pH, and cultural uses of fermentation to preserve locally available foods.
Fault Detection and Reconfiguration Technique for Cascaded H-bridge 11-level Inverter Drives Operating under Faulty Condition (2007)

A fault detection and reconfiguration technique for a cascaded H-bridge 11-level inverter drives during faulty condition is proposed in this paper. The ability of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter drives (MLID) to operate under faulty condition is also discussed. Output phase voltages of a MLID can be used as a diagnostic signal to detect faults and their locations. Al-based techniques are used to perform the fault classification. A neural network (NN) classification is applied to the fault diagnosis of a MLID system. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks are used to identify the type and location of occurring faults. The principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized in the feature extraction process to reduce the NN input size. The genetic algorithm (GA) is also applied to select the valuable principal components to train the NN. A reconfiguration technique is also developed. The developed system is validated with simulation and experimental results. The developed fault diagnostic system requires about 6 cycles (-100 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ms</i> at 60 Hz) to clear an open circuit and about 9 cycles (~150 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ms</i> at 60 Hz) to clear a short circuit fault. The experiment and simulation results are in good agreement with each other, and the results show that the developed system performs satisfactorily to detect the fault type, fault location, and reconfiguration.
Touchscreen typing-pattern analysis for detecting fine motor skills decline in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (2018)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative movement disorder causing progressive disability that severely affects patients' quality of life. While early treatment can produce significant benefits for patients, the mildness of many early signs combined with the lack of accessible high-frequency monitoring tools may delay clinical diagnosis. To meet this need, user interaction data from consumer technologies have recently been exploited towards unsupervised screening for PD symptoms in daily life. Similarly, this work proposes a method for detecting fine motor skills decline in early PD patients via analysis of patterns emerging from finger interaction with touchscreen smartphones during natural typing. Our approach relies on low-/higher-order statistical features of keystrokes timing and pressure variables, computed from short typing sessions. Features are fed into a two-stage multi-model classification pipeline that reaches a decision on the subject's status (PD patient/control) by gradually fusing prediction probabilities obtained for individual typing sessions and keystroke variables. This method achieved an AUC = 0.92 and 0.82/0.81 sensitivity/specificity (matched groups of 18 early PD patients/15 controls) with discriminant features plausibly correlating with clinical scores of relevant PD motor symptoms. These findings suggest an improvement over similar approaches, thereby constituting a further step towards unobtrusive early PD detection from routine activities.
The United Kingdom's Obligation to Balance Human Rights and Its Anti-Terrorism Legislation: The Case of Brogan and Others (1989)

The Note argues that the UK must modify its extrajudicial detention legislation in order to comply with the prompt appearance requirement of Article 5(3) of the European Convention. It analyzes the history of the conflict between Northern Ireland the the UK leading to the implementation of the extrajudicial powers of arrest and detention and the Court's decision in the Case of Brogan and Others. The Note further argues that the eventual permanent derogation which the UK employs is untenable under the EC and recommends judicial reinterpretation.
Nutritional evaluation of commercial dry dog foods by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (2006)

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the nutritional value of dog foods sold in Chile. Fifty-nine dry foods for adult and growing dogs were collected, ground and scanned across the visible/NIR range and subsequently analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), total fat, linoleic acid, gross energy (GE), estimated metabolizable energy (ME) and several amino acids and minerals. Calibration equations were developed by modified partial least squares regression, and tested by cross-validation. Standard error of cross validation (SE(CV)) and coefficient of determination of cross validation (SE(CV)) were used to select best equations. Equations with good predicting accuracy were obtained for DM, CF, CP, GE and fat. Corresponding values for and SE(CV) were 0.96 and 1.7 g/kg, 0.91 and 3.1 g/kg, 0.99 and 5.0 g/kg, 0.93 and 0.26 MJ/kg, 0.89 and 12.4 g/kg. Several amino acids were also well predicted, such as arginine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine-tyrosine (combined), threonine and valine, with values for and SE(CV) (g/kg) of 0.89 and 0.9, 0.94 and 1.3, 0.91 and 0.5, 0.95 and 0.9, 0.91 and 0.5, 0.93 and 0.5. Intermediate values, appropriate for ranking purposes, were obtained for ME, histidine, lysine and methionine-cysteine. Tryptophan, minerals or linoleic acid were not acceptably predicted, irrespective of the mathematical treatment applied. It is concluded that NIR can be successfully used to predict important nutritional characteristics of commercial dog foods.