gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Understanding and Optimizing Separation Control Using Microjets (2009)

Flow separation in engine inlets and diffuser ducts and over external aerodynamic surfaces such as wings can significantly compromise performance. In a previous experimental study, we demonstrated the value of microjets for separation control. In this paper, we significantly broaden the range of conditions and parameters to explore the effects of microjet control on the efficiency of separation control over a backward-facing ramp. The parameters explored include the following: the freestream velocity, the ramp angle of attack, and the microjet pressure, location, and injection angle. Detailed velocity field investigations and unsteady pressure measurements have been conducted to study the effect of flow control over this parametric space. The results indicate that, by activating the actuator arrays in the immediate vicinity of the separation location, the control efficiency can be greatly enhanced, reducing the actuator mass flow needed dramatically. By correlating the unsteady surface pressure measurements with the measured velocity field, we demonstrate that, at least in the present geometry, the unsteady pressure alone can be used to 1) detect separation and hence identify which actuator(s) to activate, and 2) estimate the effect of control on a separated flowfield. Finally, based on the response of the flowfield to actuation, we propose some simple scaling laws for detecting and implementing separation control.
Continuous activation of PpIX by daylight is as effective as and less painful than conventional photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses; a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study (2008)

PDT of AK by continuous activation of porphyrins by daylight proved to be as effective as conventional PDT. PDT using daylight activation will make the treatment of these extremely common premalignant tumours more time and cost effective, and more convenient for the patient.
Secure Sharing of Electronic Health Records in Clouds (2012)

In modern healthcare environments, healthcare providers are more willing to shift their electronic medical record systems to clouds. Instead of building and maintaining dedicated data centers, this paradigm enables to achieve lower operational cost and better interoperability with other healthcare p
Memantine Treatment in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimers Disease Already Receiving a Cholinesterase Inhibitor: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2008)

In this trial, memantine did not show an advantage over placebo based on protocol-specified primary or secondary analyses in patients with mild to moderate AD on stable ChEI regimens. There were no significant differences in tolerability and safety between the memantine- and placebo groups.
Kinetics of amino acids equilibration in the dialysate during CAPD. (1981)

The equilibrium between plasma and peritoneal dialysis fluid has been studies for 23 amino acids during peritoneal exchanges at dwell times up to 8 hours in patients on CAPD. It is demonstrated that equilibration is a particular process typical for each amino acid which after 8 hour is nearly complete only for Glycine, Alanine and Asparagine.
Hierarchy of measurement-induced Fisher information for composite states (2012)

Quantum Fisher information, as an intrinsic quantity for quantum states, is a central concept in quantum detection and estimation. When quantum measurements are performed on quantum states, classical probability distributions arise, which in turn lead to classical Fisher information. In this paper, we exploit the classical Fisher information induced by quantum measurements and reveal a rich hierarchical structure of such measurement-induced Fisher information. We establish a general framework for the distribution and transfer of the Fisher information. In particular, we illustrate three extremal distribution types of the Fisher information: the locally owned type, the locally inaccessible type, and the fully shared type. Furthermore, we indicate the significant role played by the distribution and flow of the Fisher information in some physical problems, e.g., the non-Markovianity of open quantum processes, the environment-assisted metrology, the cloning and broadcasting, etc.
Magnetic gradiometer based on a high-transition temperature superconducting quantum interference device for improved sensitivity of a biosensor (2002)

We describe a gradiometer based on a high-transition temperature superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that improves the sensitivity of a SQUID-based biosensor. The first-derivative gradiometer, fabricated from a single layer of YBa2Cu3O7−x, has a baseline of 480 μm and a balance against uniform fields of 1 part in 150. Used in our SQUID “microscope,” it reduces the response to parasitic magnetic fields generated by the measurement process to the level of the SQUID noise. The gradiometer-based microscope is two orders of magnitude more sensitive to superparamagnetic nanoparticles bound to biological targets than our earlier magnetometer-based microscope.
Shotgun Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Off-Gel Electrophoresis as the First-Dimension Separation (2008)

Shotgun proteomic analysis usually employs multidimensional separations with the first dimension most commonly being strong cation exchange (SCX) liquid chromatography (LC). SCX-LC is necessarily a serial process for preparation of multiple samples. Here, we apply a newly available tool, off-gel electrophoresis (OGE), for first-dimension separation of peptide mixtures from digests of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a complex and low total protein-containing sample. OGE first-dimension fractionation enabled identification of a total of 156 unique proteins compared to 115 identified in previous work using first-dimension SCX fractionation. OGE can be used to process multiple samples unattended with easy retrieval of the separated fractions. Thus, shotgun analysis using OGE as the first-dimension separation offers a significant advantage both in terms of sample throughput as well as increased numbers of identified proteins.
Salinity in the Soil Environment (2006)

The purpose of this chapter is to provide plant scientists with a background on the nature of soil salinity with a particular emphasis on irrigated agriculture. Since the chemistry of soil solutions plays a major role in soil salinity, considerable details on this topic are offered. Chemical speciation in the soil solution should be of importance to plant scientists. The dynamic nature of soil salinity in the rootzone affects performance of plants. Profile distribution of salts is affected by leaching fraction and changes with changing water content from irrigation and rootwater extraction. Soluble salts in soils are highly mobile and transported by water through mass flow and dispersion. Irrigation water management is one of the keys in maintaining salt balance in the rootzone. Growing regulations on the disposal and management of poor quality drainage waters is now exacerbating the maintenance of salt balance in the rootzone in irrigated lands.
Window-consistent replication for real-time applications (2002)

Two widely-studied approaches for structuring fault-tolerant services are the state-machine and the primary-backup replication schemes. For a large class of soft and hard real-time applications, the degree of consistency among servers can be exploited to design replication protocols with predictable timing behavior. This is particularly useful in applications such as automated process control, in which one can trade off the quality or precision for timely availability of data. This paper presents the architecture and prototype implementation of a primary-backup replication service that employs window consistency semantics between the primary data repository and the backups. A client registers a data object with the service by declaring the consistency requirements for the data, in terms of a time window. The primary ensures that each backup site maintains a version of the object that was valid on the primary within the preceding time window by scheduling update messages to the backups. Decoupling the transmission of updates to the backups from the processing of client requests permits the primary to handle a higher rate of operations and provide more timely service to clients. The non-blocking semantics free the client from waiting for updates to the backups to complete. Furthermore, real-time scheduling of update messages can guarantee controlled inconsistency between the primary and backup repositories.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variable optical delay prototype using a 2d array of mems mirrors (2006)

A variable optical signal delay is desirable for TDM optical networks and optical beamforming in phased-array antennas. A MEMS device with 2-bit variable delay for optical signals is proposed. The design of a device to introduce this controllable delay will have to use moveable mirrors that physically change the path of the optical signal
Fabrication of Deterministic Nanostructure Assemblies with Sub-nanometer Spacing Using a Nanoimprinting Transfer Technique (2012)

Deterministic patterning or assembly of nanoparticles often requires complex processes that are not easily incorporated into system architectures of arbitrary design. We have developed a technique to fabricate deterministic nanoparticle assemblies using simple and inexpensive nanoimprinting equipment and procedures. First, a metal film is evaporated onto flexible polymer pillars made by nanoimprinting. The resulting metal caps on top of the pillars can be pulled into assemblies of arbitrary design by collapsing the pillars in a well-controlled manner. The nanoparticle assemblies are then transferred from the pillars onto a new substrate via nanoimprinting with the aid of either cold welding or chemical bonding. Using this technique, a variety of patterned nanoparticle assemblies of Au and Ag with a critical dimension less than 2 nm were fabricated and transferred to silicon-, glass-, and metal-coated substrates. Separating the nanostructure assembly from the final architecture removes significant design constraints from devices incorporating nanoparticle assemblies. The application of this process as a technique for generating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates is presented.
Repeatability of kinetic and kinematic measurements in gait studies of the lower limb amputee (1987)

During the last few years considerable attention has been given to the use of gait analysis as a tool for clinical use. The instrumentation for measurement of the kinetics and kinematics of human locomotion was originally designed for research use. Extension of its use into the clinical field calls for simplified methodology and clearly defined protocols with precise identification of the relevant parameters for the analysis. Force platforms, TV-computer and pylon transducer systems were used for collection of kinetic and kinematic data of five normal subjects, 10 below-knee, 10 above-knee and one hip disarticulation amputee. The repeatability tests showed significant differences in the measured parameters. These variations are attributed to the methodology of the analysis and the step to step variation of the subjects' gait. Differences in the degree of step to step variation between various amputee and normal subjects are quantified. In this presentation the capability of present day systems to perform repeatable gait measurements is discussed. A computational method for determination of representative measurements for the purposes of biomechanical evaluation and comparison as well as quantification of the degree of repeatability is described.
Quantifiable Internal REFERENCE Standards for Immunohistochemistry (2006)

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Reprints: Clive R. Taylor MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of the Southern California, HMR 204, 2011, Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (e-mail: [email protected]). Hypothesis: "Absent uniform sample preparation for formalin paraffin tissues, and absent available tissue reference standards, it is proposed that selected defined analytes (proteins) present intrinsically within tissues may be employed as quantifiable internal reference standards, against which sample quality can be directly assessed and key analytes directly quantified by immunohistochemistry."
[Fractures of the apex of the orbit in injuries of facial bones]. (1995)

Thirty patients with fractures of the apex of the orbit were examined by clinical and x-ray methods. The types of fractures of facial skull bones were specified, which were aggravated by the patients state, as was the type of injuries to osseous structures participating in the formation of the orbital apex. A purposeful x-ray examination of the orbital apex in patients with injuries to facial bones helps to rule out undervaluation of the severity of injury which can be assessed only on the basis of clinical signs. Use of a modified panoramic sonography for examination of the apex of the orbit in accordance with the standard program of Sonark device for the examination of orbital nerve canals helps assess the nature of injuries to bone structures in this area.
Transcriptional Control of Energy Homeostasis by the Estrogen-Related Receptors (2008)

Transcriptional control of cellular energy metabolic pathways is achieved by the coordinated action of numerous transcription factors and associated coregulators. Several members of the nuclear receptor superfamily have been shown to play important roles in this process because they can translate hormonal, nutrient, and metabolite signals into specific gene expression networks to satisfy energy demands in response to distinct physiological cues. Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) alpha, ERRbeta, and ERRgamma are nuclear receptors that have yet to be associated with a natural ligand and are thus considered as orphan receptors. However, the transcriptional activity of the ERRs is exquisitely sensitive to the presence of coregulatory proteins known to be essential for the control of energy homeostasis, and for all intents and purposes, these coregulators function as protein ligands for the ERRs. In particular, functional genomics and biochemical studies have shown that ERRalpha and ERRgamma operate as the primary conduits for the activity of members of the family of PGC-1 coactivators. As transcription factors, the ERRs control vast gene networks involved in all aspects of energy homeostasis, including fat and glucose metabolism as well as mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Phenotypic analyses of knockout mouse models have shown that all three ERRs are indispensable for proper development and/or survival of the organism when subjected to a variety of physiological challenges. The focus of this review is on the recent and rapid advances in understanding the functions of the ERRs in regulating bioenergetic pathways, with an emphasis on their roles in the specification of energetic properties required for cell- and tissue-specific functions.
Dynamic Response of Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Following Treatment of Acute Rejection in Kidney Allografts (2021)

dd-cfDNA may be a useful dynamic biomarker to assess the health of the kidney allograft following rejection treatment.
Integrin targeting using RGD‐PEI conjugates for <i>in vitro</i> gene transfer (2003)

Coupling of the tetrapeptide RGDC without a PEG spacer improved transfection efficiency of PEI in integrin-expressing Mewo cells by 1-2 orders of magnitude, especially at low N/P ratios. The use of a PEG spacer seems to impair targeting, possibly by not only shielding PEI, but also the RGD ligand.
Analysis of relative isotopologue abundances for quantitative profiling of complex protein mixtures labelled with the acrylamide/D <sub>3</sub> ‐acrylamide alkylation tag system (2003)

The new method of analysis of relative isotopologue abundances (ARIA) applied here is based on the evaluation of total isotope patterns of tryptic protein fragments measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) to calculate the mixing ratios of composites consisting of stable isotope labelled and isotopically natural (unlabelled) proteins, as described in an accompanying paper in this issue. Recently, Sechi (Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2002; 16: 1416-1424) and Gehanne et al. (Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2002; 16: 1692-1698) introduced the use of differential quantitative mass analysis by MALDI-TOFMS using mixtures of standard proteins alkylated prior to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) with either acrylamide (AA) or deuterium-labelled [2,3,3'-D(3)]-acrylamide (D3AA). In the present study we validate the AA/D3AA system, firstly by measuring the yield of proteins alkylated with AA, and secondly by using differential radioactive labels ((125)I and (131)I) to quantitatively establish that non-comigration in 2D-PAGE is negligible. ARIA is then applied to quantitatively estimate the relative proportions of peptides labelled with AA or D3AA in the validated system, using typical silver-stained 2D-PAGE protein spots from 2D gels loaded with 150 microg of total liver protein. The precision and limitations of ARIA quantification of peptides differentially alkylated with isotopomeric reagents are discussed.
Slip Estimation for Mars Rover Zhurong Based on Data Drive (2022)

China’s Mars rover Zhurong successfully landed on Mars on 15 May 2021, and it is currently conducting an exploration mission on the Red Planet. This paper develops slip estimation models for the Mars rover Zhurong based on the data drive approach. Data were obtained by Zhurong’s validator ground indoor tests, and the test site was equipped with a low-gravity simulation device and simulated Mars soil to simulate the Mars conditions as much as possible. The obtained slip models trained by BP and GA-BP algorithms were applied to estimate Zhurong’s longitudinal (slip_x) and lateral slip (slip_y) on Mars, and the slip estimation values were used to display Zhurong’s actual driving path. The analyzed results prove that the GA-BP slip models perform better than the BP models, and can both be applied for correcting Zhurong’s path. The proposed models have high potential in guiding the path planning and monitoring of the slip for the Mars rover Zhurong.
Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial (2001)

Lactobacillus GG may reduce respiratory infections and their severity among children in day care. The effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG were modest but consistently in the same direction.
Role of the<i>Salmonella</i>Pathogenicity Island 1 Effector Proteins SipA, SopB, SopE, and SopE2 in<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Subspecies 1 Serovar Typhimurium Colitis in Streptomycin-Pretreated Mice (2004)

Salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar Typhimurium (serovar Typhimurium) induces enterocolitis in humans and cattle. The mechanisms of enteric salmonellosis have been studied most extensively in calf infection models. The previous studies established that effector protein translocation into host cells via the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type III secretion system (TTSS) is of central importance in serovar Typhimurium enterocolitis. We recently found that orally streptomycin-pretreated mice provide an alternative model for serovar Typhimurium colitis. In this model the SPI-1 TTSS also plays a key role in the elicitation of intestinal inflammation. However, whether intestinal inflammation in calves and intestinal inflammation in streptomycin-pretreated mice are induced by the same SPI-1 effector proteins is still unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the role of the SPI-1 effector proteins SopB/SigD, SopE, SopE2, and SipA/SspA in elicitation of intestinal inflammation in the murine model. We found that sipA, sopE, and, to a lesser degree, sopE2 contribute to murine colitis, but we could not assign an inflammation phenotype to sopB. These findings are in line with previous studies performed with orally infected calves. Extending these observations, we demonstrated that in addition to SipA, SopE and SopE2 can induce intestinal inflammation independent of each other and in the absence of SopB. In conclusion, our data corroborate the finding that streptomycin-pretreated mice provide a useful model for studying the molecular mechanisms of serovar Typhimurium colitis and are an important starting point for analysis of the molecular events triggered by SopE, SopE2, and SipA in vivo.
Epigenetic Repression of <i>microRNA-129-2</i> Leads to Overexpression of <i>SOX4</i> Oncogene in Endometrial Cancer (2009)

Genetic amplification, mutation, and translocation are known to play a causal role in the upregulation of an oncogene in cancer cells. Here, we report an emerging role of microRNA, the epigenetic deregulation of which may also lead to this oncogenic activation. SOX4, an oncogene belonging to the SRY-related high mobility group box family, was found to be overexpressed (P < 0.005) in endometrial tumors (n = 74) compared with uninvolved controls (n = 20). This gene is computationally predicted to be the target of a microRNA, miR-129-2. When compared with the matched endometria, the expression of miR-129-2 was lost in 27 of 31 primary endometrial tumors that also showed a concomitant gain of SOX4 expression (P < 0.001). This inverse relationship is associated with hypermethylation of the miR-129-2 CpG island, which was observed in endometrial cancer cell lines (n = 6) and 68% of 117 endometrioid endometrial tumors analyzed. Reactivation of miR-129-2 in cancer cells by pharmacologic induction of histone acetylation and DNA demethylation resulted in decreased SOX4 expression. In addition, restoration of miR-129-2 by cell transfection led to decreased SOX4 expression and reduced proliferation of cancer cells. Further analysis found a significant correlation of hypermethylated miR-129-2 with microsatellite instability and MLH1 methylation status (P < 0.001) and poor overall survival (P < 0.039) in patients. Therefore, these results imply that the aberrant expression of SOX4 is, in part, caused by epigenetic repression of miR-129-2 in endometrial cancer. Unlike the notion that promoter hypomethylation may upregulate an oncogene, we present a new paradigm in which hypermethylation-mediated silencing of a microRNA derepresses its oncogenic target in cancer cells.
The Role of Carbon Monoxide in the NO−Carbon Reaction (1999)

The enhancement of the NO/carbon reduction reactions by carbon monoxide has been demonstrated for carbons of widely varying nature (coal char, phenolic resin-derived char and graphite). The evidence supports enhancement of NO reduction via a carbon-surface-catalyzed reaction such as NO + CO → 1/2N2 + CO2. This reaction appears to be characterized by an activation energy of around 116 kJ/mol, and by zero order with respect to CO, in the range of CO pressures examined here (up to order 500 ppm). This suggests that an oxide stripping reaction, e.g., CO + C(O) → CO2 + C*, cannot be invoked in its usual form, to explain the rate enhancement. The reaction appears to be first order with respect to NO, at high temperatures and at NO concentrations of above roughly 100 ppm, but kinetic analysis is complicated by the fact that the NO−carbon reaction itself does not have a unique order at low temperatures. It is also shown that kinetic analysis can be greatly complicated in the presence of other oxidizing gases or surface oxides deposited by these gases.
Corpus Portal for Search in Monolingual Corpora (2006)

A simple and flexible schema for storing and presenting monolingual language resources is proposed. In this format, data for 18 different languages is already available in various sizes. The data is provided free of charge for online use and download. The main target is to ease the application of algorithms for monolingual and interlingual studies. 1.