gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of flow velocities by NMR using a spatially modulated RF field (1998)

An approach to measuring flow velocities using a probe with a spatially varying radio-frequency (RF) field and without using other magnetic field gradients is introduced. The velocities of the spins are measured as a modulation of the NMR signal from the translation of a spatial magnetization grating through a detection coil with a spatially periodic field profile. Since the same coil can be employed to create the initial magnetization grating, the overall measurement is as simple as recording the signal modulation frequency following a single excitation pulse. The design principles for a probe that has a spatially periodic field constructed from a series of lumped element circuits are discussed. Spatial modulation of the amplitude or the phase of the RF field can easily be achieved and either of these may be used to characterize a flow field. Examples of measurements of pipe flow using a probe with an amplitude modulated RF field are shown.
Potent Inhibition of Scrapie‐Associated PrP Accumulation by Congo Red (1992)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases), Alzheimer's disease, and other amyloidoses result in the accumulation of certain abnormally stable proteins that are thought by many to play central roles in disease pathogenesis. Using scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells as a model system, we found that Congo red, an amyloid-binding dye, potently inhibits the accumulation of the scrapie-associated, protease-resistant isoform of protein PrP without affecting the metabolism of the normal isoform. Growth of the cells with submicromolar concentrations of Congo red for 5 days reduced the amount of protease-resistant PrP detected in the cultures by greater than 90%. This activity of Congo red suggests that it selectively disrupts the conversion of PrP to the protease-resistant isoform or destabilizes this isoform once it is made. Potential therapeutic applications of Congo red are discussed.
Physical Chemistry of the Groups IVa (Ti, Zr), Va (V, Nb, Ta) and the Rare Earth Elements in Steel (1975)

Vanadium, niobium and tantalum that belong to the grouJ) Va in the J)eriodic table have strong affinity .lor nitrogen and carbon in steel. Besides, these elements differ from aluminium, and titanium and zirconium in the group IVa in deoxidizing power, and are not oxidized remarkably in liquid steel . These, therefore, are velY interesting as allqying-elemen/s in steelmaking process.
Indirect bromination by reaction of aniline hydrobromide with dimethyl sulfoxide (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIndirect bromination by reaction of aniline hydrobromide with dimethyl sulfoxideP. A. ZoreticCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 12, 1867–1868Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00900a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00900a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-Gating Effect in the Electron Y-Branch Switch (1999)

In an electron waveguide Y-branch switch the electrostatic field applied between two gates switches a current into either of two branches. A novel mode of operation is proposed. For finite source-drain potentials, the switching field is shown to be strongly influenced by the electrochemical potentials in the waveguides. For certain biasing schemes this can be used to achieve gain without external gates and their RC constants. This allows switching up into the THz range in this new class of gateless mesoscopic devices. Conditions for bistability and oscillation are derived.
Development of the BIOLOG substrate utilization system for identification of Legionella spp (1991)

The genus Legionella consists of 51 serogroups comprising 34 species. Biochemical reactions and cell wall fatty acid and quinone analyses may confirm that an isolate is a Legionella sp. and indicate to which species it belongs, but DNA hybridization studies have been necessary for a definitive identification. Recently, the commercially available BIOLOG identification system has offered a standardized, easily reproducible system of substrate metabolism by bacteria resuspended in multiwell plates. A tetrazolium dye acts as an electron acceptor during the oxidation of the wide range of substrates and forms an irreversible, highly colored formazan when reduced. The 95 substrate wells are read rapidly with a conventional plate reader, and the results are downloaded for comparison with a computer data base, allowing quick identification. The BIOLOG system's ability to test more diverse classes of substrates, including amino acids, peptides, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates, was used in this study to establish a new data base and identify the asaccharolytic Legionella spp. In particular, Legionella pneumophila behaved as a microaerophile, and the fastest, most diverse metabolic activities occurred after the development of a low-oxygen incubation environment. Alternatively, bacteria could be successfully incubated in air when their concentration was double that recommended by the manufacturer. Similar results were obtained by using either Page's amoebal saline or distilled water as the resuspending and incubation medium. Type strains did not cross-identify with any of the strains already in the manufacturer's data base. The results indicate that this modified system has value in being able to identify Legionella isolates to the species level.
A Novel Polymerization of Bis(N-acyl isocyanate)s and Dicarboxylic Acids-Synthesis of Poly(N-acylamide)s (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Polymerization of Bis(N-acyl isocyanate)s and Dicarboxylic Acids-Synthesis of Poly(N-acylamide)sMasami Kanamaru, Toshikazu Takata, and Takeshi EndoCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 24, 7979–7982Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00128a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00128a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis and improvements of the eventing protocol for universal plug and play. (2004)

Abstract—UPnP is a widely-spread connectivity standard, which allows networked devices to cooperate in an au-tonomous fashion by using functionality found on the net-work. In this article we validate UPnP as a service-oriented architecture. We identify shortcomings of the standard and propose solutions. In our view, eventing is the weakest mech-anism in UPnP technology. We propose extensions to the existing eventing protocol in UPnP, which allow overcoming identified problems. We compare our solution with standard UPnP with respect to performance.
Long-range vibration sensor based on correlation analysis of optical frequency-domain reflectometry signals (2012)

We present a novel method to achieve a space-resolved long- range vibration detection system based on the correlation analysis of the optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) signals. By performing two separate measurements of the vibrated and non-vibrated states on a test fiber, the vibration frequency and position of a vibration event can be obtained by analyzing the cross-correlation between beat signals of the vibrated and non-vibrated states in a spatial domain, where the beat signals are generated from interferences between local Rayleigh backscattering signals of the test fiber and local light oscillator. Using the proposed technique, we constructed a standard single-mode fiber based vibration sensor that can have a dynamic range of 12 km and a measurable vibration frequency up to 2 kHz with a spatial resolution of 5 m. Moreover, preliminarily investigation results of two vibration events located at different positions along the test fiber are also reported.
Color constancy computation in near-Mondrian scenes using a finite dimensional linear model (2003)

The authors combine an alternate version of B.K.P. Horn's computation (1974) for recovering lightness from Land's retinex scheme, as modified by A. Blake (1985), with a finite-dimensional linear model for color images. The authors recover surface spectral reflectance from images of near-Mondrian scenes by using edge detection and derivatives to screen out slowly changing illumination from color scene images. They first develop a model for lightness recovery, based on Horn's, because a similar treatment is needed for the FDM case (a particular finite-dimensional linear model). Based on the equations for the one-dimensional case, they develop a model of surface reflectance recovery for near-Mondrian images by extending the basic approach to the vector model of illumination, reflectance, and receptors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developer Prioritization in Bug Repositories (2017)

Developers build all the software artifacts in development. Existing work has studied the social behavior in software repositories. In one of the most important software repositories, a bug repository, developers create and update bug reports to support software development and maintenance. However, no prior work has considered the priorities of developers in bug repositories. In this paper, we address the problem of the developer prioritization, which aims to rank the contributions of developers. We mainly explore two aspects, namely modeling the developer prioritization in a bug repository and assisting predictive tasks with our model. First, we model how to assign the priorities of developers based on a social network technique. Three problems are investigated, including the developer rankings in products, the evolution over time, and the tolerance of noisy comments. Second, we consider leveraging the developer prioritization to improve three predicted tasks in bug repositories, i.e., bug triage, severity identification, and reopened bug prediction. We empirically investigate the performance of our model and its applications in bug repositories of Eclipse and Mozilla. The results indicate that the developer prioritization can provide the knowledge of developer priorities to assist software tasks, especially the task of bug triage.
State of the art review paper: advances in embedded hard real-time systems design (2003)

The most important and necessary properties of embedded real-time systems, and the ways to achieve them, are explored. The basic and most important domains of real-time systems design are dealt with, starting with the processor and system hardware architectures, over operating systems, tasking and scheduling, high-level real-time programming languages, worst case execution time and schedulability analysis, to application design engineering and safety critical applications. Common misconceptions which are still strongly present in the control systems design are identified, guidelines for the consistent implementation are proposed and sample solutions in certain areas are presented.
Large-vocabulary dictation using SRI's DECIPHER speech recognition system: progressive search techniques (1993)

The authors describe a technique called progressive search which is useful for developing and implementing speech recognition systems with high computational requirements. The scheme iteratively uses more and more complex recognition schemes, where each iteration constrains the speech space of the next. An algorithm called the forward-backward word-life algorithm is described. It can generate a word lattice in a progressive search that would be used as a language model embedded in a succeeding recognition pass to reduce computation requirements. It is shown that speed-ups of more than an order of magnitude are achievable with only minor costs in accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart material interfaces (2012)

Over the past years the technology push and the creation of new technological materials made available on the market many new smart materials. Smart Material Interfaces (SMIs) want to take advantage of these materials to overcome traditional patterns of interaction, leaving behind the "digital feeling" by a more continuous space of interaction, tightly coupling digital and physical world by means of the smart materials' properties. With this workshop about SMIs, we want to draw attention to the emerging field, stimulating research and development in interfaces that make use of smart materials and encourage new and different modalities of interaction.
Galectin-10, a Potential Biomarker of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation (2012)

Measurement of eosinophilic airway inflammation can assist in the diagnosis of allergic asthma and in the management of exacerbations, however its clinical implementation remains difficult. Galectin-10 has been associated with eosinophilic inflammation and has the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker. This study aimed to assess the relationship between galectin-10 in sputum with sputum eosinophil counts, the current gold standard of eosinophil inflammation in the lung. Thirty-eight sputum samples were processed for both eosinophil counts by cytospins and semi-quantitative measurements of galectin-10 by western blots. A strong association was observed between galectin-10 levels in sputum and sputum eosinophil measurements, and they accurately determined sputum eosinophilia. The results support the potential for galectin-10 to be used as a surrogate biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation.
Viruses, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. (1995)

The hypothesis that viruses or other infectious agents may cause schizophrenia or bipolar disorder dates to the 19th century but has recently been revived. It could explain many clinical, genetic, and epidemiologic aspects of these diseases, including the winter-spring birth seasonality, regional differences, urban birth, household crowding, having an older sibling, and prenatal exposure to influenza as risk factors. It could also explain observed immunological changes such as abnormalities of lymphocytes, proteins, autoantibodies, and cytokines. However, direct studies of viral infections in individuals with these psychiatric diseases have been predominantly negative. Most studies have examined antibodies in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, and relatively few studies have been done on viral antigens, genomes, cytopathic effect on cell culture, and animal transmission experiments. Viral research on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is thus comparable to viral research on multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease: an attractive hypothesis with scattered interesting findings but no clear proof. The application of molecular biological techniques may allow the identification of novel infectious agents and the associations of these novel agents with serious mental diseases.
2nd International External Quality Control Assessment for the Molecular Diagnosis of Dengue Infections (2010)

The EQA provides information on each laboratory's efficacy of RT-PCR techniques for dengue diagnosis and indicates for most laboratories an urgent need to improve sensitivity and specificity.
Existence and reactivity of bicyclic annulenones. 2. Bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-1(5),3,7-triene-2,6-dione (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExistence and reactivity of bicyclic annulenones. 2. Bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-1(5),3,7-triene-2,6-dioneFrancisco Gavina, Ana M. Costero, Ana M. Gonzalez, and Santiago V. LuisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 14, 2997–2999Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00390a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00390a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views564Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distortion cancellation in an unbalanced differential amplifier (1974)

In a differential amplifier in which the two transistors arc matched and carry the same quiescent current the second harmonic distortion generated by the emitter-base diode is exactly cancelled. When unequal currents are taken by the two transistors the cancellation is much reduced. It is shown here that the choice of a suitable current source resistance allows the cancellation condition to be restored in the unbalanced case.
Experimental verification of microbending theory using mode coupling to discrete cladding modes (1989)

The existence of discrete cladding modes in single-mode fibers is illustrated by inducing periodically repeated microbends along the fiber axis and performing spectral measurements of the loss are performed. In order to explain the results of the measurements, it is necessary to apply a microbending theory in which coupling between the guided mode and a number of discrete cladding modes is considered. Very good agreement between theory and measurement is achieved. The consequences of the existence of discrete cladding modes with regard to the proper choice of artificial microbending spectrum used for fiber characterization are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Verification of Structural Simulation Results of Metal-based Additive Manufacturing by Means of Neutron Diffraction (2013)

Metal-based additive processes are characterized by numerous transient physical effects, which exhibit an adverse influence on the production result. Hence, various research approaches for the optimization of e. g. the structural part behavior exist for layered manufacturing. Increasingly, these approaches are based on the finite element analysis to be able to understand the complexity. Hereby it should be considered that the significance of the calculation results depends on the quality of modeling the process in the simulation environment. Based on a selected specimen, the current work demonstrates in which way the numerical accuracy of the residual stress state can be analyzed by utilizing the neutron diffraction. Thereby, different process parameter settings were examined.
Successful heterotopic heart transplantation in rat (1994)

Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has become a substantial tool for numerous investigations. This report describes a surgical technique of infrarenal heterotopic heart transplantation with a prodigious surgical success rate which was developed over many years of practice. Difficulties arising from anatomic variations are depicted and alternative approaches are discussed.
Frontispiece: Synthesis of Artemisinin‐Derived Dimers, Trimers and Dendrimers: Investigation of Their Antimalarial and Antiviral Activities Including Putative Mechanisms of Action (2018)

The targets of artemisinin and the precise mechanisms underlying the antimalarial, anticancer, and antiviral activities are still not fully understood. Immobilization of new artemisinin-based di- and trimers and application for mass spectrometry-based target-“fishing” experiments with total lysates of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected human foreskin fibroblasts was performed for the first time. This resulted in identification of two putatively compound-binding viral proteins, which are both essential for HCMV replication. For more information, see the Full Paper by M. Marschall, S. B. Tsogoeva et al. on page 8103 ff.
Immunological Characteristics Associated with the Protective Efficacy of Antibodies to Ricin (2004)

A/B toxins, produced by bacteria and plants, are among the deadliest molecules known. The B chain binds the cell, whereas the A chain exerts the toxic effect. Both anti-A chain and anti-B chain Abs can neutralize toxins in vivo and in vitro. B chain Abs block binding of the toxin to the cell. It is not known how anti-A chain Abs function. Working with ricin toxin, we demonstrate that immunization with A chain induces greater protection than immunization with B chain. A panel of mAbs, binding to A chain, B chain, or both chains, has been produced and characterized. Immunologic characteristics evaluated include isotype, relative avidity, and epitope specificity. The ability to inhibit ricin enzymatic or cell binding activity was studied, as was the ability to block ricin-mediated cellular cytotoxicity on human and murine cell lines. Finally, the in vivo protective efficacy of the Abs in mice was studied. The Ab providing the greatest in vivo protective efficacy was directed against the A chain. It had the greatest relative avidity and the greatest ability to block enzymatic function and neutralize cytotoxicity. Interestingly, we also obtained an anti-A chain Ab that bound with high avidity, blocked enzymatic activity, did not neutralize cytotoxicity, and actually enhanced the in vivo toxicity of ricin. Anti-A chain Abs with moderate avidity had no in vivo effect, nor did any anti-B chain Abs.