gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the second normal stress difference for star polymers with highly entangled branches (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurements of the second normal stress difference for star polymers with highly entangled branchesChang Soon Lee, Jules J. Magda, Kenneth L. DeVries, and Jimmy W. MaysCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 18, 4744–4750Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00044a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00044a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accurate Prediction of DnaK-Peptide Binding via Homology Modelling and Experimental Data (2009)

Molecular chaperones are essential elements of the protein quality control machinery that governs translocation and folding of nascent polypeptides, refolding and degradation of misfolded proteins, and activation of a wide range of client proteins. The prokaryotic heat-shock protein DnaK is the E. coli representative of the ubiquitous Hsp70 family, which specializes in the binding of exposed hydrophobic regions in unfolded polypeptides. Accurate prediction of DnaK binding sites in E. coli proteins is an essential prerequisite to understand the precise function of this chaperone and the properties of its substrate proteins. In order to map DnaK binding sites in protein sequences, we have developed an algorithm that combines sequence information from peptide binding experiments and structural parameters from homology modelling. We show that this combination significantly outperforms either single approach. The final predictor had a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.819 when assessed over the 144 tested peptide sequences to detect true positives and true negatives. To test the robustness of the learning set, we have conducted a simulated cross-validation, where we omit sequences from the learning sets and calculate the rate of repredicting them. This resulted in a surprisingly good MCC of 0.703. The algorithm was also able to perform equally well on a blind test set of binders and non-binders, of which there was no prior knowledge in the learning sets. The algorithm is freely available at http://limbo.vib.be.
Measurement of large, discontinuous displacement from digital images (2020)

Abstract One main limitation of conventional digital image correlation (DIC) methods is their incapacity to treat with large, discontinuous displacements. This paper seeks to resolve this issue using a variational method. Specifically, the objective function is written in a form of L 1 ‐norm instead of L 2 ‐norm for discontinuity preservation. This convex, non‐differentiable objective function is resolved by a proximal gradient method. Then, the entire correlation process is embedded into a multi‐level image pyramid, enabling large displacements to be measured accurately. The proposed method is first validated on images with prescribed small displacements; its performance to treat with discontinuous, large displacements is then examined. The results show that the proposed method exhibits an acceptable performance when measuring some extreme displacements up to 16.5 pixels in a 500 × 500 pixels resolution image. Concerning subpixel accuracy, the errors can be lessened to a very low level with optimised parameters even for a dense correlation at each pixel. Good performance is also demonstrated in forms of noise proof and illumination fluctuation tolerance. Finally, an application is conducted on an experiment concerned with cracking in desiccated soils, in which the proposed method succeeds in tracking the nucleation and propagation processes of multiple cracks.
Aiding Grasp Synthesis for Novel Objects Using Heuristic-Based and Data-Driven Active Vision Methods (2021)

In this work, we present several heuristic-based and data-driven active vision strategies for viewpoint optimization of an arm-mounted depth camera to aid robotic grasping. These strategies aim to efficiently collect data to boost the performance of an underlying grasp synthesis algorithm. We created an open-source benchmarking platform in simulation (https://github.com/galenbr/2021ActiveVision), and provide an extensive study for assessing the performance of the proposed methods as well as comparing them against various baseline strategies. We also provide an experimental study with a real-world two finger parallel jaw gripper setup by utilizing an existing grasp planning benchmark in the literature. With these analyses, we were able to quantitatively demonstrate the versatility of heuristic methods that prioritize certain types of exploration, and qualitatively show their robustness to both novel objects and the transition from simulation to the real world. We identified scenarios in which our methods did not perform well and objectively difficult scenarios, and present a discussion on which avenues for future research show promise.
Ultrathin Zirconium Disulfide Nanodiscs (2011)

We present a colloidal route for the synthesis of ultrathin ZrS(2) (UT-ZrS(2)) nanodiscs that are ~1.6 nm thick and consist of approximately two unit cells of S-Zr-S. The lateral size of the discs can be tuned to 20, 35, or 60 nm while their thickness is kept constant. Under the appropriate conditions, these individual discs can self-assemble into face-to-face-stacked structures containing multiple discs. Because the S-Zr-S layers within individual discs are held together by weak van der Waals interactions, each UT-ZrS(2) disc provides spaces that can serve as host sites for intercalation. When we tested UT-ZrS(2) discs as anodic materials for Li(+) intercalation, they showed excellent nanoscale size effects, enhancing the discharge capacity by 230% and greatly improving the stability in comparison with bulk ZrS(2). The nanoscale size effect was especially prominent for their performance in fast charging/discharging cycles, where an 88% average recovery of reversible capacity was observed for UT-ZrS(2) discs with a lateral diameter of 20 nm. The nanoscale thickness and lateral size of UT-ZrS(2) discs are critical for fast and reliable intercalation cycling because those dimensions both increase the surface area and provide open edges that enhance the diffusion kinetics for guest molecules.
Silver(<scp>i</scp>)-promoted insertion into X–H (X = Si, Sn, and Ge) bonds with N-nosylhydrazones (2017)

Silver(i)-promoted carbene insertion into X-H (X = Si, Sn, and Ge) bonds has been realized by using unstable diazo compounds, which are generated in situ from N-nosylhydrazones as carbene precursors. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and delivers a number of valuable silicon-containing compounds in very high yields (up to 96%). Moreover, organostannanes and organogermanes were as well effectively obtained in very good yields under optimal conditions.
Utility-based Allocation of Industrial IoT Applications in Mobile Edge Clouds (2018)

Mobile Edge Clouds (MECs) create new opportunities and challenges in terms of scheduling and running applications that have a wide range of latency requirements, such as intelligent transportation systems, process automation, and smart grids. We propose a two-tier scheduler for allocating runtime resources to Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications in MECs. The scheduler at the higher level runs periodically - monitors system state and the performance of applications - and decides whether to admit new applications and migrate existing applications. In contrast, the lower-level scheduler decides which application will get the runtime resource next. We use performance based metrics that tells the extent to which the runtimes are meeting the Service Level Objectives (SLOs) of the hosted applications. The Application Happiness metric is based on a single application's performance and SLOs. The Runtime Happiness metric is based on the Application Happiness of the applications the runtime is hosting. These metrics may be used for decision-making by the scheduler, rather than runtime utilization, for example. We evaluate four scheduling policies for the high-level scheduler and five for the low-level scheduler. The objective for the schedulers is to minimize cost while meeting the SLO of each application. The policies are evaluated with respect to the number of runtimes, the impact on the performance of applications and utilization of the runtimes. The results of our evaluation show that the high-level policy based on Runtime Happiness combined with the low-level policy based on Application Happiness outperforms other policies for the schedulers, including the bin packing and random strategies. In particular, our combined policy requires up to 30% fewer runtimes than the simple bin packing strategy and increases the runtime utilization up to 40% for the Edge Data Center (DC) in the scenarios we evaluated.
Set-valued observers and optimal disturbance rejection (1999)

A set-valued observer (also called guaranteed state estimator) produces a set of possible states based on output measurements and models of exogenous signals. We consider the guaranteed state estimation problem for linear time-varying systems with a priori magnitude bounds on exogenous signals. We provide an algorithm to propagate the set of possible states based on output measurements and show that the centers of these sets provide optimal estimates in an l/sup /spl infin//-induced norm sense. We then consider the utility of set-valued observers for disturbance rejection with output feedback and derive the following general separation structure. An optimal controller can consist of a set-valued observer followed by a static nonlinear function on the observed set of possible states. A general construction of this function is provided in the scalar control case. Furthermore, in the special case of full-control, i.e., the number of control inputs equals the number of states, optimal output feedback controllers can take the form of an optimal estimate of the full-state feedback controller.
A tobacco DNA binding protein that interacts with a light-responsive box II element. (1992)

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase plays a key role in photosynthetic carbon fixation in higher plants. The small subunit of this chloroplast enzyme (rbcS), encoded by a family of nuclear genes, is regulated at the transcriptional level by light. Promoter analyses have previously identified the box II sequence as a cis element critical for the light-regulated expression of rbcS genes. Nuclear factor GT-1 binds specifically to this element and is one of the plant nuclear factors that has been detected and studied in great detail. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of a tobacco cDNA encoding a protein, designated B2F (Box II Factor), with similar binding specificity and mobility in gel retardation assays as nuclear GT-1. Steady state levels of mRNA encoding B2F do not appear to be regulated by light; this is consistent with the previous observation that nuclear GT-1 activity is present in extracts from both light-grown and dark-adapted plants. Sequence comparison with another plant trans-acting factor, GT-2, which binds to a GT-like element in the rice phytochrome promoter, shows striking homology in three putative alpha-helices that may be involved in DNA binding.
Glyoxal fixation: how it works and why it only occasionally needs antigen retrieval (2007)

Over the past 13 years, glyoxal has become the leading alternative to formaldehyde as a histological fixative because of its low inhalation risk, faster reaction rate and selective control over crosslinking. The latter attribute is especially important, because most of the difficulties relating to use of formaldehyde-fixed specimens for immunohistochemistry stem from its aggressive crosslinking behavior. With suitable catalysts or other reaction accelerators, glyoxal forms 2-carbon adducts with nearly all end groups in proteins and carbohydrates, leaving most of them unimpaired for subsequent immunohistochemical demonstration. Only arginine is seriously impaired by the formation of imidazoles, which is the basis for the well known arginine blockade method using glyoxal. A special glyoxal-specific antigen retrieval method using high pH and high temperature effectively reverses the blockade and restores immunoreactivity. Other methods for antigen retrieval are rarely beneficial and in most cases damage the specimen. Special stains work well, except silver methods for Helicobacter pylori. Routine hematoxylin and eosin preparations exhibit clarity and cellular detail rarely seen with formaldehyde.
High‐field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human cerebrum obtained during surgery for epilepsy (1989)

We analyzed specimens of histologically normal human cerebrum obtained at surgery for medically refractory epilepsy using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Perchloric acid extracts of anterolateral temporal lobe cortex contained greater concentrations of creatine, N-acetylaspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, alanine, and glutamate than the under lying white matter, which contained more acetate. Frontal and temporal lobe specimens composed of both gray and white matter failed to show statistically significant differences in the concentrations of creatine, N-acetylaspartate, alanine, aspartate gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine, taurine, threonine, valine, acetate, choline, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, inositols, lactate pyruvate, or succinate.
Video-Hypnosis—The Provision of Specialized Therapy via Videoconferencing (2002)

Hypnosis is not normally accessible to patients living in remote areas. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of providing hypnosis via videoconferencing, using ISDN at 384 kbit/s. Eleven of 15 patients invited to do so took part. Ten of the 11 stated that they were satisfied with the video-hypnosis session and all indicated that they would like to have further video-hypnosis sessions in the future. Sound quality and image quality were acceptable during nearly all sessions, in spite of some interference as a result of technical problems and weather conditions. The results suggest that hypnosis can be provided successfully via videoconferencing.
Combustion System Development Trends for Multi-Valve Gasoline Engines (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The expected future exhaust emission standards for passenger cars with gasoline engines require a further reduction of the raw exhaust emissions. In connection with this, for larger engines and cars, an emphasis must be put on HC reducing measures, while for smaller engines and cars, Nox-emission reduction is very important. Moreover, a further reduction of fuel consumption is imperative. To reduce the Nox-emissions and also to improve efficiency, exhaust gas recirculation (external or internal) is a well proven measure. Among other measures, reduced fuel enrichment demand during warm up is desirable in order to minimize HC-emission. Both exhaust gas recirculation and minimized fuel enrichment during warm up require a good combustion system tolerance to burning highly diluted mixtures without misfiring. These demands on the combustion system are comparable with those for a good lean burn capability.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In particular, for multi valve engines measures to improve the lean burn capability and the tolerance against exhaust gas recirculation have been discussed on the basis of experimental investigations. The important role of an adjustment of the charge flow in the cylinder will be demonstrated. The results of gas sampling experiments which were carried out with a very high time resolution to detect the local air fuel ratio in the cylinder have been considered to explain the positive effects which charge stratification can have on the combustion behavior.</div>
Ultra-flexible and brain-conformable micro-electrocorticography device with low impedance PEDOT-carbon nanotube coated microelectrodes (2013)

Electrocorticography, thanks to its low degree of invasiveness, has received in recent years an increasing attention for chronic brain-machine interface applications. To be up to the task, electrocorticography electrode arrays can benefit from several improvements. Better recording abilities can be obtained through smaller, low impedance and high density electrodes, while conformability can provide superior adhesion to the cortex surface and lower biological impact. In this work we present an ultra-flexible and brain-conformable polyimide-based micro-ECoG array with low-impedance poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-carbon nanotube coated microelectrodes. A first in vivo validation of our device is performed on rat somatosensory cortex.
Coordinated train control and energy management control strategies (2002)

The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, USA, in collaboration with Hughes Aircraft Company and Harmon Industries, is in the process of developing an advanced automatic train control (AATC) system to replace the current fixed-block automatic system. In the long run, the AATC system is expected to not only allow for safe short headway operation, but also to facilitate coordinated train control and energy management. This new system will employ spread spectrum radios, installed on-board trains, at wayside locations and at control stations, to determine train locations and reliably transfer control information. Sandia National Laboratories has worked cooperatively with BART to develop a simulator of the train control and power consumption of the AATC system. They are now in the process of developing enhanced train control algorithms to supplement the safety critical controller in order to smooth out train trajectories through coordinated control of multiple trains, and to reduce energy consumption and power infrastructure requirements. The control algorithms so far considered include: (1) reducing peak power consumption to avoid voltage sags, especially during an outage or while clearing a backup; (2) rapid and smooth recovery from a backup; (3) avoiding oscillations due to train interference; (4) limiting needle peaks in power demand at substations to some specified level; (5) coasting; and (6) coordinating train movement, e.g. starts/stops and hills.
Design of a homopolar generator power supply system for the IGNITEX experiment (2003)

The Fusion Ignition Experiment (IGNITEX) is based on the concept of a tokamak operating at very high magnetic fields. The characteristics of the HPGs for the proposed TF and PF magnet systems, the materials, fabrication procedures, and technologies to be used in the construction of the generators are described. Although no generator meeting the requirements of the IGNITEX experiment exists, the technologies needed for it have been demonstrated. The construction and operation of a full-size, 1-GJ, HPG module for the IGNITEX demonstration has been proposed. The technological basis, objectives, schedule, and costs of the demonstration program are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Studies on the Ecology of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in the Smoked Fish Processing Industry (2001)

We have applied molecular approaches, including PCR-based detection strategies and DNA fingerprinting methods, to study the ecology of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments. A total of 531 samples, including raw fish, fish during the cold-smoking process, finished product, and environmental samples, were collected from three smoked fish processing facilities during five visits to each facility. A total of 95 (17.9%) of the samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes using a commercial PCR system (BAX for Screening/Listeria monocytogenes), including 57 (27.7%) environmental samples (n = 206), 8 (7.8%) raw material samples (n = 102), 23 (18.1%) samples from fish in various stages of processing(n = 127), and 7 (7.3%) finished product samples (n = 96). L. monocytogenes was isolated from 85 samples (16.0%) using culture methods. Used in conjunction with a 48-h enrichment in Listeria Enrichment Broth, the PCR system had a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 96.2%. To track the origin and spread of L. monocytogenes, isolates were fingerprinted by automated ribotyping. Fifteen different ribotypes were identified among 85 isolates tested. Ribotyping data established possible contamination patterns, implicating raw materials and the processing environment as potential sources of finished product contamination. Analysis of the distribution of ribotypes revealed that each processing facility had a unique contamination pattern and that specific ribotypes persisted in the environments of two facilities over time (P < or = 0.0006). We conclude that application of molecular approaches can provide critical information on the ecology of different L. monocytogenes strains in food processing environments. This information can be used to develop practical recommendations for improved control of this important food-borne pathogen in the food industry.
TOUGH: Model Use, Calibration, and Validation (2012)

Simulation models for subsurface flow and transport require the estimation of many disparate parameters to capture properties and processes that cannot be explicitly represented in the model. The main challenges for model calibration reside in the formulation of the forward model, the identification of influential parameters, the selection of appropriate calibration data with sufficient information content about these parameters, and the performance of a robust and efficient minimization algorithm capable of handling complex topologies of the resulting objective function. The large variety of subsurface systems and related engineering problems that are addressed by numerical simulation prevents us from compiling definite lists of critical input parameters and desirable observation data to be used for model calibration. Instead, we describe the approach that we consider necessary to arrive at a defensible model for predictive simulations. This process includes sensitivity analyses and synthetic inversions prior to data collection, and detailed residual, error, and uncertainty analyses after automatic model calibration. We illustrate the approach by discussing applications of the iTOUGH2 simulation-optimization code, which supports the development of TOUGH2 models for nonisothermal, multiphase, multicomponent flow and transport processes in fractured porous geological media. We conclude that the calibration of models representing complex subsurface systems remains challenging and requires research that is targeted at the needs of scientists and engineers who address simulation problems of practical relevance.