gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria‐localized caveolin in adaptation to cellular stress and injury (2012)

We show here that the apposition of plasma membrane caveolae and mitochondria (first noted in electron micrographs >50 yr ago) and caveolae-mitochondria interaction regulates adaptation to cellular stress by modulating the structure and function of mitochondria. In C57Bl/6 mice engineered to overexpress caveolin specifically in cardiac myocytes (Cav-3 OE), localization of caveolin to mitochondria increases membrane rigidity (4.2%; P<0.05), tolerance to calcium, and respiratory function (72% increase in state 3 and 23% increase in complex IV activity; P<0.05), while reducing stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (by 20% in cellular superoxide and 41 and 28% in mitochondrial superoxide under states 4 and 3, respectively; P<0.05) in Cav-3 OE vs. TGneg. By contrast, mitochondrial function is abnormal in caveolin-knockout mice and Caenorhabditis elegans with null mutations in caveolin (60% increase free radical in Cav-2 C. elegans mutants; P<0.05). In human colon cancer cells, mitochondria with increased caveolin have a 30% decrease in apoptotic stress (P<0.05), but cells with disrupted mitochondria-caveolin interaction have a 30% increase in stress response (P<0.05). Targeted gene transfer of caveolin to mitochondria in C57Bl/6 mice increases cardiac mitochondria tolerance to calcium, enhances respiratory function (increases of 90% state 4, 220% state 3, 88% complex IV activity; P<0.05), and decreases (by 33%) cardiac damage (P<0.05). Physical association and apparently the transfer of caveolin between caveolae and mitochondria is thus a conserved cellular response that confers protection from cellular damage in a variety of tissues and settings.
IL-1 and TNF-alpha induction of IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) mRNA expression in a human astrocytoma cell line. (1991)

In order to elucidate the role of inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS), we examined whether IL and TNF-alpha induce cells in the CNS to produce two newly identified leucocyte chemo-attractants, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF). Several human astrocytoma and glioblastoma cell lines expressed high levels of IL-8 and MCAF mRNA in vitro upon stimulation with IL-1 and TNF-alpha. In particular, an astrocytoma cell line U373MG subclone responded markedly to IL-1 with high expression levels of IL-8 and MCAF mRNA as well as IL-6 mRNA. Both IL-8 and MCAF mRNA expression depended on the dose of IL-1 and appeared as early as 30 min to 1 hr after IL-1 stimulation, confirming that these are early inducible genes. The production of IL-8 and MCAF in the U373MG cell culture supernatants was confirmed by a competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) as well as chemotactic activities on human neutrophils and monocytes. IL-1-induced IL-8 and MCAF mRNA expression appeared to occur at least at the transcriptional level as revealed by a nuclear run-off assay. Moreover, IL-1 treatment increased the half-life of IL-8 and MCAF mRNA markedly, suggesting that increased mRNA stability was also responsible for the enhanced gene transcription. These data suggest that IL-1 and TNF-alpha induce astrocytes to produce IL-8 and MCAF transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, both of which may be responsible for leucocytosis seen in inflammation of the CNS.
Aqueous‐based freeze‐form extrusion fabrication of alumina components (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an inexpensive and environmentally friendly solid freeform fabrication technique, called the freeze‐form extrusion fabrication (FEF), and use this technique in advanced ceramic fabrication. Design/methodology/approach FEF uses a highly loaded aqueous ceramic paste (≥50 vol.% solids loading) with a small quantity ( ∼ 2 vol.%) of organic binder to fabricate a ceramic green part layer by layer with a computer‐controlled 3D gantry machine at a temperature below the freezing point of the paste. Further, a freeze‐drying technique is used for preventing deformation and the formation of cracks during the green part drying process. Following the freeze‐drying, the ceramic green part undergoes binder removal and is sintered to near full density. Findings Extrudable, alumina pastes of high solids loading and process parameters for FEF processing of these pastes have been developed. Paste rheological properties and stability, extrusion rate, 3D gantry motion speed and other process parameters strongly affect the quality of the final ceramic parts. The minimum deposition angle, which reflects the maximum amount of extrusion offset to produce components with overhanging features without using support materials, is strongly related to the fabrication (environment) temperature. The lower the fabrication temperature, the lower the minimum deposition angle that could be achieved. Four point bending flexure strengths of the FEF processed Al 2 O 3 test samples were 219 and 198 MPa for longitudinally deposited and transversely deposited samples, respectively. Major defects, which limited the strength of the materials, were due to under‐filling during the extrusion. Originality/value Successful development of the FEF technique will introduce a new approach to manufacturing ceramic materials into useful, complex shapes and components. The significant advantages of this technique include the use of environmentally friendly processing medium (water), inexpensive method of medium removal (freeze‐drying), and a much smaller quantity of organic binder to remove by pyrolysis techniques. The products can be sintered to near full density.
Genderregimes en gezondheidsverschillen in Europa (2013)

International differences in health in older age are well-documented. Research on factors explaining these differences has not done justice to possible differences in factors related to ‘gender-regimes’. Data for this study were harmonised in the framework of the Comparison of Longitudinal European Studies on Aging (CLESA) project, which included population-based studies from Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy and Israel aged 75-84 years. Indicators of health were disability in self-care, depressed mood, and self-rated health. In addition to country (i.e., gender-regime), potential individual explanatory factors included socio-demographics, diseases, lifestyle, and social engagement. The findings show inter-country differences in disability from progressive to traditional gender-regimes according to a North-South gradient: men and women in northern countries reported less disability than in southern countries. Depressed mood showed similar differences, although in Finland it was higher than in other northern countries, and in Spain it was lower than in other southern countries. Self-rated health was poorer in southern than in northern countries, with Finland inbetween. The difference in women’s health between traditional and progressive genderregimes was larger for depressed mood and self-rated health than for disability. These differences persisted after accounting for individual explanatory factors. Among the explanatory factors, chronic morbidity showed the most consistent associations. The role of lifestyle and social factors varied across genders. Physical activity was more strongly associated with health in men than in women, whereas social factors were more prominent in women than in men. The international differences found in health largely corresponded to gender-regimes, and were only partly explained by individual factors. Further research on specific, gender-regime related factors is warranted.
Coreceptor restriction within the HLA-DQ locus for Epstein–Barr virus infection (2000)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and is etiologically associated with malignancies of multiple origins. EBV enters cells through a cascade of interactions between its envelope glycoprotein gp350 and the gp42-gH-gL complex with cellular receptors. Membrane fusion is catalyzed by the binding of gp42, a member of the C type lectin family, to HLA class II molecule HLA-DR, -DP, or -DQ. Here we demonstrate that only a subset of HLA-DQ alleles mediates EBV entry, indicating that individuals expressing these alleles may offer unique sites for EBV infection and subsequent sequelae. Additionally, the specific site within HLA-DQ determined to be essential for EBV entry is homologous to a site within MHC class I shown by structural studies to bind to the C type-lectin-like natural killer receptor, providing insight into the biochemical nature of the gp42-HLA class II interaction.
A Generic Approach to Free Form Surface Generation (2002)

A theoretical approach to construct free form surfaces is presented. We develop the concepts that arise when a free form surface is generated by tracing a mesh, using differentiable manifold theory, and generalizing the B-spline scheme. This approach allows us to define a family of practical schemes. Four different applications of the generic approach are also presented in this paper.
Inhibition of Spliceosome Assembly by the Cell Cycle-regulated Protein Kinase MELK and Involvement of Splicing Factor NIPP1 (2004)

NIPP1 is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is required for spliceosome assembly. We report here that the phosphothreonine-binding Forkhead-associated domain of NIPP1 interacts with the cell cycle-regulated protein Ser/Thr kinase MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase). The NIPP1-MELK interaction was critically dependent on the phosphorylaton of Thr-478 of MELK and was increased in lysates from mitotically arrested cells. Recombinant MELK was a potent inhibitor of an early step of spliceosome assembly in nuclear extracts. This splicing defect was also seen with a kinase-dead mutant but was absent after mutation (T478A) of the NIPP1 binding site of MELK, indicating a mediatory role for NIPP1. Our data suggest that MELK has a role in the cell cycle-regulated control of pre-mRNA splicing.
How to infer reliable diploid genotypes from NGS or traditional sequence data: from basic probability to experimental optimization (2012)

The use of diploid sequence markers is still challenging despite the good quality of the information they provide. There is a common problem to all sequencing approaches [traditional cloning and sequencing of PCR amplicons as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS)]: when no variation is found within the sequences from a given individual, homozygozity can never be asserted with certainty. As a consequence, sequence data from diploid markers are mostly analysed at the population (not the individual level) particularly in animal studies. This study aims at contributing to solve this. Using the Bayes theorem and the binomial law, useful results are derived, among which: (i) the number of sequence reads per individual (or sequencing depth) which is required to ensure, at a given probability threshold, that some heterozygotes are not considered erroneously as homozygotes, as a function of the observed heterozygozity (H(o) ) of the locus in the population; (ii) a way of estimating H(o) from low coverage NGS data; (iii) a way of testing the null hypothesis that a genetic marker corresponds to a single and diploid locus, in the absence of data from controlled crosses; (iv) strategies for characterizing sequence genotypes in populations minimizing the average number of sequence reads per individual; (v) a rationale to decide which are the variations that one needs to consider along the sequence, as a function of the sequencing depth affordable, the level of polymorphism desired and the risk of sequencing error. For traditional sequencing technology, optimal strategies appear surprisingly different from the usual empirical ones. The average number of sequence reads required to obtain 99% of fully determined genotypes never exceeds six, this value corresponding to the worst situation when H(o) equals 0.6. This threshold value of H(o) is strikingly stable when the tolerated proportion of nonfully resolved genotypes varies in a reasonable range. These results do not rely on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumption or on diallelism of nucleotidic sites.
Recognition of consonant based on the perceptron model (2005)

This paper proposes a new method for the recognition of consonant based on the Perceptron model. The recognition model is composed of the sensory, feature extraction, response and lateral inhibition layers. The recognition scores of 90.4% to 98.4% are obtained for unvoiced affricates, unvoiced plosives, unvoiced and voiced fricatives.
Evaluation of A+B=K conditions without carry propagation (1992)

The response time of parallel adders is mainly determined by the carry propagation delay. The evaluation of conditions of the type A+B=K is addressed. Although an addition is involved in the comparison, it is shown that it can be evaluated without carry propagation, thus drastically reducing the computation time. Dependencies produced by branches degrade the performance of pipelined computers. The evaluation of conditions is often one of the critical paths in the execution of branch instructions. A circuit is proposed for the fast evaluation of A+B=K conditions that can significantly improve processor performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-objective optimization design of spur gear based on NSGA-II and decision making (2019)

Optimization design of spur gear is a complicated work because the performance characteristics depend on different types of decision variables and objectives. Traditional single-objective optimization design of the spur gear always results in poor outcomes relative to other objectives due to objectives’ competition with each other. Therefore, this study works on the spur gear design based on the multi-objective optimization model of elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). In the model, gear module, teeth number, and transmission ratio are decision variables, while center distance, bearing capacity coefficient, and meshing efficiency are objectives. Final optimal solutions are picked out from Pareto frontier calculated from NSGA-II using the decision makers of Shannon Entropy, linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP), and technique of order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). Meanwhile, a deviation index is used to evaluate the reasonable status of the optimal solutions. From triple-objective and dual-objective optimization results, it is found that the optimal solution selected from LINMAP decision maker shows a relatively small deviation index. It indicates that LINMAP decision maker may yield better optimal solution. This study could provide some beneficial information for spur design.
Effects of 28-homobrassinolide on yields of wheat, rice, groundnut, mustard, potato and cotton (1997)

Yield responses of some economically important crop plants due to foliar applications of low concentrations of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) were studied in experiments conducted at research stations and in farmers' fields in India during 1989–95. Foliar sprays of different concentrations of HBR were applied at tillering and spike/panicle initiation in wheat (0·5 and 1·0 mg/l) and rice (0·25, 0·50 and 1·00 mg/l); at flowering and pegging in groundnut (0·25 and 0·50 mg/l); 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) in mustard (0·25 and 0·50 mg/l); 25 and 35 days after emergence in potato (0·25 and 0·50 mg/l); and 30, 50, 70 DAS in cotton (0·1 and 1·0 mg/l). The HBR treatments significantly ( P <0·05 and P <0·01) increased grain yields in wheat, rice and mustard, pod yields in groundnut, tuber yields in potato and seed cotton yields, over control. The extent of yield improvement due to HBR was influenced by crop species, concentration of HBR, plant growth stage at application and frequency of application.
Exactly Solvable Microscopic Geometries and Rigorous Bounds for the Complex Dielectric Constant of a Two-Component Composite Material (1980)

Exact bounds for the complex, bulk, effective dielectric constant ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{e}$ of a two-component macroscopic composite that depend on the available information about the composite are presented and discussed. Some of these bounds are readily ascribable to special, exactly solvable, microscopic geometries. As a consequence, it is shown that there can exist composites where the real part of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{e}$ diverges as $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ while the dc conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{e}\ensuremath{\ne}0$.
Wideband magneto-optics readout (1967)

Digital magnetic information is recorded on a rotating disc thin film by a conventional tape recorder head. The information is read out using the longitudinal magnetic Kerr effect, and a 1.5- MHz bandwidth electronic system. The use of spatial filtering and a differential scheme yields a ratio of peak-to-peak signal to rms noise of 32 dB, which is very close to the shot noise limited case.
<title>Video contents summary using the combination of multiple MPEG-7 metadata</title> (2002)

We propose a content-based summary generation method using MPEG-7 metadata. In this paper, the important events of video are defined and subsequently shot boundary detection is carried out. Then, we analyze the video contents in the shot with multiple content features using multiple MPEG-7 descriptors. In experiments with a golf-video, we combined motion activity, edge histogram and homogeneous texture for the detection of event. Further, the extracted segments and key-frames of each event are described by XML document. Experimental result shows that the proposed method gives reliable summary generation with robust event detection.
Renal Protection Against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carrier-201 Versus Blood as an Oxygen Carrier in Ex Vivo Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion (2019)

HBOC-201 is an excellent alternative to blood as an oxygen-carrying molecule in an ex vivo subnormothermic machine perfusion platform in kidneys.
Les préfaces jointes aux livres de la Bible dans les manuscrits de la Vulgate (1904)

"Extrait des Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Ire série, tome XI, IIe partie."
Effects of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotics on Alpha-Toxin ( <i>hla</i> ) Gene Expression of Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates (1998)

Concentrations of antibiotics below the MIC are able to modulate the expression of virulence-associated genes. In this study, the influence of subinhibitory doses of 31 antibiotics on the expression of the gene encoding the staphylococcal alpha-toxin (hla), a major virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated with a novel gene fusion protocol. The most striking observation was a strong induction of hla expression by subinhibitory concentrations of beta-lactams and an almost complete inhibition of alpha-toxin expression by clindamycin. Whereas glycopeptide antibiotics had no effect, the macrolide erythromycin and several aminoglycosides reduced and fluoroquinolones slightly stimulated hla expression. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis of hla mRNA and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of culture supernatants of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains revealed that methicillin-induced alpha-toxin expression is a common phenomenon of alpha-toxin-producing strains. Some methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates produced up to 30-fold more alpha-toxin in the presence of 10 microg of methicillin per ml than in its absence. The results indicate that the novel gene fusion technique is a useful tool for studying the modulation of virulence gene expression by antibiotics. Moreover, the results suggest that the effects of certain antibiotics on virulence properties may be relevant for the management of S. aureus infections.
Surface Functionalization of a Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Effect on the Adhesive and Piezoelectric Properties (2009)

We studied the effect of the surface functionalization and crystalline phase change of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films on their adhesion and piezoelectric properties. The surface modification of PVDF was carried out with ion beam and/or plasma treatment. These surface modifications were found to alter the interfacial strength between PVDF and metal electrodes and the crystal structure of the piezoelectric PVDF film. A remarkable improvement was found in the interfacial adhesion of the films with thermally deposited metal electrodes, but some piezoelectricity of PVDF film was lost due to the changes in the crystal phase. The proper treatment condition for enhancing the adhesion and retaining piezoelectric structure was suggested.
Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer MCF-7 cells by a peptide derived from Porphyra yezoensis (2014)

Seaweeds have beneficial nutritional and medicinal properties. Several studies have examined the polysaccharides found in the extracts of Porphyra yezoensis (PPY), although the effects of particular proteins have not been reported, and peptides from the marine alga PPY function in antitumor cell signaling, although the precise mechanism is not well understood. Apoptosis plays an important role in cell death, which affects cell proliferation. Generally, regulation of apoptosis requires participation of the p53 and Bcl-2 family by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is activated in a variety of malignant cancers. Autophagy is another signaling pathway that leads to degradation of cellular components by lysosomal activity, and the relationship between autophagy and cancer has been of interest for several years. The present study investigated mTOR pathway activation in MCF-7 cells treated with 500 ng PPY for 24 h by assessing LC3 as a monitor of autophagy. We observed that the p53/NF-κB and mTOR pathways were affected by PPY, which contributes to our understanding of the functional relationship between the Bcl-2 family and mTOR under apoptotic conditions in MCF-7 cells.
Fundus photography for measurement of macular pigment density distribution in children. (2002)

The photographic method is feasible and provides quantitative assessment of topographic properties of macular pigment in young subjects. Future application to clinical studies of pediatric patients is envisioned.
Neural Inter-Frame Compression for Video Coding (2019)

While there are many deep learning based approaches for single image compression, the field of end-to-end learned video coding has remained much less explored. Therefore, in this work we present an inter-frame compression approach for neural video coding that can seamlessly build up on different existing neural image codecs. Our end-to-end solution performs temporal prediction by optical flow based motion compensation in pixel space. The key insight is that we can increase both decoding efficiency and reconstruction quality by encoding the required information into a latent representation that directly decodes into motion and blending coefficients. In order to account for remaining prediction errors, residual information between the original image and the interpolated frame is needed. We propose to compute residuals directly in latent space instead of in pixel space as this allows to reuse the same image compression network for both key frames and intermediate frames. Our extended evaluation on different datasets and resolutions shows that the rate-distortion performance of our approach is competitive with existing state-of-the-art codecs.