gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Antiviral Effect of the Nucleic Acid Polymer REP 2055 against Persistent Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2015)

Previous studies have demonstrated that nucleic acid polymers (NAPs) have both entry and post-entry inhibitory activity against duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection. The inhibitory activity exhibited by NAPs prevented DHBV infection of primary duck hepatocytes in vitro and protected ducks from DHBV infection in vivo and did not result from direct activation of the immune response. In the current study treatment of primary human hepatocytes with NAP REP 2055 did not induce expression of the TNF, IL6, IL10, IFNA4 or IFNB1 genes, confirming the lack of direct immunostimulation by REP 2055. Ducks with persistent DHBV infection were treated with NAP 2055 to determine if the post-entry inhibitory activity exhibited by NAPs could provide a therapeutic effect against established DHBV infection in vivo. In all REP 2055-treated ducks, 28 days of treatment lead to initial rapid reductions in serum DHBsAg and DHBV DNA and increases in anti-DHBs antibodies. After treatment, 6/11 ducks experienced a sustained virologic response: DHBsAg and DHBV DNA remained at low or undetectable levels in the serum and no DHBsAg or DHBV core antigen positive hepatocytes and only trace amounts of DHBV total and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were detected in the liver at 9 or 16 weeks of follow-up. In the remaining 5/11 REP 2055-treated ducks, all markers of DHBV infection rapidly rebounded after treatment withdrawal: At 9 and 16 weeks of follow-up, levels of DHBsAg and DHBcAg and DHBV total and cccDNA in the liver had rebounded and matched levels observed in the control ducks treated with normal saline which remained persistently infected with DHBV. These data demonstrate that treatment with the NAP REP 2055 can lead to sustained control of persistent DHBV infection. These effects may be related to the unique ability of REP 2055 to block release of DHBsAg from infected hepatocytes.
The Myristoylated Alanine‐Rich C‐Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) is Sequentially Phosphorylated by Conventional, Novel and Atypical Isotypes of Protein Kinase C (1995)

The myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is the major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate in many cell types including fibroblasts and brain cells. Here we describe the phosphorylation of MARCKS and the site specificity for different PKC isotypes. Conventional (c)PKC beta 1, novel (n)PKC delta and nPKC epsilon efficiently phosphorylated the MARCKS protein in vitro. The Km values were extremely low, reflecting a high affinity between kinases and substrate. The apparent affinity of nPKC delta (Km = 0.06 microM) was higher than that of nPKC epsilon and cPKC beta 1 (Km = 0.32 microM). The rate of substrate phosphorylation was inversely correlated with affinity and decreased in the order nPKC epsilon > cPKC beta 1 > nPKC delta. Atypical (a)PKC zeta did not phosphorylate the intact MARCKS protein. However, a 25-amino-acid peptide deduced from the MARCKS phosphorylation domain, was efficiently phosphorylated by aPKC zeta as well as by the other three PKC. Site analysis revealed that only serine residues S152, S156 and S163 were phosphorylated, with S163 phosphorylated highest, followed by S156 and S152; in contrast, S160 and S167 were not phosphorylated. No further PKC phosphorylation sites could be detected in MARCKS. The phosphorylation pattern was independent of the type of PKC isotype used. Kinetic analysis showed, that MARCKS is sequentially phosphorylated in the order S156 > S163 > S152 by cPKC, nPKC and aPKC. There was no dramatic difference in the sequential phosphorylation of MARCKS detectable when comparing the four PKC isotypes. The results are discussed in the context of the functional significance of MARCKS phosphorylation.
FURTHER STUDIES OF THE ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS GLYCYL HYDROXAMIC ACID AND β-ALANYL HYDROXAMIC ACID (1966)

An investigation was made of certain pharmacological and chemical characteristics of the antimycobacterial agents glycyl hydroxamic acid (GHA) and β-alanyl hydroxamic acid (BAHA). Inhibition by GHA of the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis was antagonized by D-, L-, and DL-alanine, pyridoxal phosphate (PyP), and ascorbic acid. Inhibition by BAHA was reversed by D-alanine. Oxidation of L-alanine by the organism was inhibited by GHA, and this inhibition was partially antagonized by PyP and by L-alanine. BAHA had virtually no effect on oxidation of L-alanine. GHA inhibited the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase from guinea pig liver, and this inhibition was antagonized by PyP. BAHA was without effect on DOPA decarboxylase. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy suggested an alteration of PyP by GHA and BAHA. The test for hydroxylamine was found unsuitable as a means for determining stability of each compound due to falsely high values. Synthesis of each compound is described in an appendix.
Phosphorylation of DNA Topoisomerase I by the c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Confers Camptothecin Sensitivity (2004)

DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) is involved in the regulation of DNA supercoiling, gene transcription, recombination, and DNA repair. The anticancer agent camptothecin specifically targets topo I. The mechanisms responsible for the regulation of topo I in cells, however, are not known. This study demonstrates that c-Abl-dependent phosphorylation up-regulates topo I activity. The c-Abl SH3 domain bound directly to the N-terminal region of topo I. The results demonstrate that c-Abl phosphorylated topo I at Tyr268 in core subdomain II. c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of topo I Tyr268 in vitro and in cells conferred activation of the topo I isomerase function. Moreover, activation of c-Abl by treatment of cells with ionizing radiation was associated with c-Abl-dependent phosphorylation of topo I and induction of topo I activity. The functional significance of the c-Abl/topo I interaction is supported by the findings that (i) mutant topo I(Y268F) exhibited loss of c-Abl-induced topo I activity, and (ii) c-Abl-/- cells were deficient in the accumulation of protein-linked DNA breaks. In addition, loss of topo I phosphorylation in c-Abl-deficient cells conferred resistance to camptothecin-induced apoptosis. These findings collectively support a model in which c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of topo I is functionally important to topo I activity and sensitivity to topo I poisons.
Low-altitude atmospheric wind measurement from the combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering by Doppler lidar with an iodine filter (2002)

This paper briefly discusses the mobile ground-based incoherent Doppler wind lidar system, with iodine filters as receiving frequency discriminators, developed by the Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, China. The presented result of wind profiles in October and November 2000, retrieved from the combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering, is the first report to our knowledge of wind measurements in the troposphere by such a system, where the required independent measurement of aerosol-scattering ratio can also be performed. A second iodine vapor filter was used to lock the laser to absolute frequency reference for both wind and aerosol-scattering ratio measurements. Intercomparison experiments of the lidar wind profile measurements were performed with pilot balloons. Results showed that the standard deviation of wind speed and wind direction, for the 2-4 km altitude range, were 0.985 m/s and 17.9 degrees, respectively.
High basal level gene expression of thymidine phosphorylase (platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor) in colorectal tumors is associated with nonresponse to 5-fluorouracil. (1998)

The gene expression levels of the nucleoside cleavage enzyme/angiogenic factor thymidine phosphorylase (TP), also known as platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in 38 pretreatment biopsies of colorectal tumors from patients who were subsequently treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) and leucovorin (LV). The range of TP gene expression (relative mRNA levels) in those tumors nonresponsive to 5-FUra was much broader than that of the responding tumors. In contrast to in vitro studies that had shown that an increased intracellular level of TP potentiates the activity of 5-FUra by converting it to the more cytotoxic nucleoside form 5-fluoro-2'deoxyuridine, tumors with the highest basal TP expressions were nonresponders to 5-FUra/LV therapy. The mean TP mRNA level in the nonresponding tumors was 2.6-fold higher than that of the responding patients. We had shown previously that high expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FUra, was also a predictor of nonresponse to 5-FUra (L. Leichman et al, J. Clin. Oncol., 15: 3223-3229, 1997). TP and TS expressions were found to be independent variables in these tumors, so that low expression levels of both TS and TP in tumors predicted a very high response rate (11 of 14) to 5-FUra/LV as well as a significantly longer survival, whereas none (0 of 24) of the patients with high expression of either TP or TS were responders.
CHEWING THE FAT ABOUT CHOLESTEROL (2004)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCHEWING THE FAT ABOUT CHOLESTEROLMolecule plays a key role in controlling the organization and fluidity of cell membranesAMANDA YARNELLView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2004, 82, 18, 30–31Publication Date (Print):May 3, 2004Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 3 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v082n018.p030https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n018.p030newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cholesterol,Lipids,Membranes,Plasma membrane Get e-Alerts
Thinking about Lots of Things at Once without Getting Confused: Parallelism in Act I. (1981)

As advances in computer architecture and changing economics make feasible machines with large-scale parallelism, Artificial Intelligence will require new ways of thinking about computation that can exploit parallelism effectively. We present the actor model of computation as being appropriate for parallel systems, since it organizes knowledge as active objects acting independently, and communicating by message passing. We describe the parallel constructs in our experimental actor interpreter Act 1. Futures create concurrency, by dynamically allocating processing resources much as Lisp dynamically allocates passive storage. Serializers restrict concurrency by constraining the order in which events take place and have changeable local state. Using the actor model allows parallelism and synchronization to be implemented transparently, so that parallel or synchronized resources can be used as easily as their serial counterparts. (Author)
A Validated Lip Fullness Grading Scale (2008)

The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the fullness of the upper and lower lip for which patients commonly seek correction. This scale is well stratified, with low intra- and interrater variability.
Orientation-boosted Voxel Nets for 3D Object Recognition (2017)

Recent work has shown good recognition results in 3D object recognition using 3D convolutional networks. In this paper, we show that the object orientation plays an important role in 3D recognition. More specifically, we argue that objects induce different features in the network under rotation. Thus, we approach the category-level classification task as a multi-task problem, in which the network is trained to predict the pose of the object in addition to the class label as a parallel task. We show that this yields significant improvements in the classification results. We test our suggested architecture on several datasets representing various 3D data sources: LiDAR data, CAD models, and RGB-D images. We report state-of-the-art results on classification as well as significant improvements in precision and speed over the baseline on 3D detection.
A Modification of the Hemolytic Plaque Assay for Use with Protein Antigens (1968)

Summary A method is presented which allows the in vitro enumeration of cells producing antibody against a variety of protein antigens. The proteins are covalently linked to red blood cells by means of a carbodiimide reagent. The concentrations of protein required for the plaque assay are greater than those required for passive agglutination. The method is simple and sensitive and the results mimic the kinetics of the response that is seen in in vivo assays of serum antibody. Both direct (probably 19 S) and indirect (probably 7 S) plaque-producing cells are detected.
The Microphthalmia Transcription Factor (Mitf) Controls Expression of the Ocular Albinism Type 1 Gene: Link between Melanin Synthesis and Melanosome Biogenesis (2004)

Melanogenesis is the process that regulates skin and eye pigmentation. Albinism, a genetic disease causing pigmentation defects and visual disorders, is caused by mutations in genes controlling either melanin synthesis or melanosome biogenesis. Here we show that a common transcriptional control regulates both of these processes. We performed an analysis of the regulatory region of Oa1, the murine homolog of the gene that is mutated in the X-linked form of ocular albinism, as Oa1's function affects melanosome biogenesis. We demonstrated that Oa1 is a target of Mitf and that this regulatory mechanism is conserved in the human gene. Tissue-specific control of Oa1 transcription lies within a region of 617 bp that contains the E-box bound by Mitf. Finally, we took advantage of a virus-based system to assess tissue specificity in vivo. To this end, a small fragment of the Oa1 promoter was cloned in front of a reporter gene in an adeno-associated virus. After we injected this virus into the subretinal space, we observed reporter gene expression specifically in the retinal pigment epithelium, confirming the cell-specific expression of the Oa1 promoter in the eye. The results obtained with this viral system are a preamble to the development of new gene delivery approaches for the treatment of retinal pigment epithelium defects.
Epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) binding and activation of adenylate cyclase in platelets of diabetic and control subjects. (1983)

1 The binding of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) to isolated fractured human platelets has been studied using tritiated PGI2. 2 High and low affinity binding sites for PGI2 have been identified (Kd values = 16 and 382 nM). 3 Analysis of the prostacyclin-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase suggests that enzyme activation is mediated by the high affinity binding site. 4 Platelet PGI2 receptor binding and adenylate cyclase activation by PGI2 are unchanged in diabetic and normal human platelets. 5 This work suggests that hyperaggregability of diabetic platelets is not due to any alteration of platelet prostacyclin receptor numbers or their activation.
Adsorption removal of chloroform and bromoform by activated carbon fiber (1997)

Adsorption characteristics of chloroform and bromoform onto activated carbon fibers (ACFs) for the safety drinking water were investigated. The amounts of chloroform and bromoform adsorbed onto ACFs decreased with their grade number that is the surface area and pore volume. Bromoform was more easily adsorbed onto ACFs than chloroform due to the difference in water solubility. The dominant factor of chloroform and bromoform adsorption onto ACFs may be the surface hydrophobicity of adsorbent rather than the surface area or pore volume.
Suppression of Cross-Band Scattering in Multiband Antenna Arrays (2019)

This paper presents a novel method of suppressing cross-band scattering in dual-band dual-polarized antenna arrays. The method involves introducing chokes into low-band (LB) elements to suppress high-band (HB) scattering currents. The experimental results show that by inserting LB-pass HB-stop chokes into LB radiators, suppression of induced HB currents on the LB elements is achieved. This greatly reduces the pattern distortion of the HB array caused by the presence of LB elements. The array considered is configured as two columns of HB antennas operating from 1.71 to 2.28 GHz interleaved with a single column of LB antennas operating from 0.82 to 1.0 GHz. The realized array with choked LB element has stable and symmetrical radiation in both HB and LB.
Predictive value of primate models for AIDS. (2005)

A number of obstacles remain in the search for an animal model for HIV infection and pathogenesis that can serve to predict efficacy in humans. HIV-1 fails to replicate and cause disease except in humans or chimpanzees, thereby limiting our ability to evaluate compounds or vaccines prior to human testing. Despite this limitation, nonhuman primate lentivirus models have been established that recapitulate the modes of infection, disease course, and antiviral immunity that is seen in HIV infection of humans. These models have been utilized to understand key aspects of disease and to evaluate concepts in therapies and vaccine development. By necessity, animal models can only be validated after successful trials in humans and the determination of correlates of protection. Because the only vaccine product tested in phase III trials in humans failed to achieve the desired protective threshold, we are as yet unable to validate any of the currently used nonhuman primate models for vaccine research. In the absence of a validated model, many experts in the field have concluded that prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic concepts should bypass primate models, and rely solely upon the systematic testing of each individual and combined vaccine element in human phase I or I/II trials to determine their relative merits. Indeed, a large effort is underway to expand efforts to test all products as part of an international effort termed "The HIV Vaccine Enterprise", with major contributions from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This Herculean task could potentially be reduced if it were possible to utilize even partially validated nonhuman primate models as part of the screening efforts. The purpose of this article is to review the data from nonhuman primate models that have contributed to our understanding of lentivirus infection and pathogenesis, and to critically evaluate how well these models have predicted outcomes in humans. Key features of the models developed to date are described and their contributions to HIV pathogenesis, therapeutics, and vaccines, are compared. This analysis shows that many of the models at hand have yielded data on drug action and immune responses to vaccines that are congruent with clinical data. This finding suggests that primate models are valuable as adjunctive testing systems to prioritize future therapeutic and vaccine strategies. Nonhuman primate testing of vaccine approaches in particular has provided valuable information and can significantly enhance and accelerate the evaluation of novel concepts necessary to achieve acceptable levels of efficacy. Because major gaps remain in the quest for fully effective vaccines and therapies, it seems prudent to continue aggressive research programs in the nonhuman primate models.
Social Network Based Recommendation System (2013)

Every day we are overwhelmed with choices and options. Recommendation systems have gained popularity in providing suggestions. But every web application today has its own recommendation system. The recommendations provided by these systems are generic than user specific. Also the consumers of these systems are facing with the challenge of trusting these resources as they come from anonymous users. In this paper we propose a social networking based collaborative filtering recommendation system for movies. The prediction rating for a movie is provided based on similarity between you and your friends in the recommendation system. We have used two approaches to derive the similarity function. In the first approach, similarity is achieved using cosine-vector similarity function. And in the second approach, we have used Pearson Correlation Coefficient. These similarity function results are then used to compute the final prediction rating for a user. Finally result from both the approaches is compared.
RNA Interference Suppression of MUC1 Reduces the Growth Rate and Metastatic Phenotype of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2006)

MUC1 is a highly glycosylated, type I transmembrane protein expressed by normal ductal epithelial cells of the pancreas, breast, lung, and gastrointestinal tract, and overexpressed in many cases of adenocarcinoma. We down-regulated MUC1 expression by RNA interference and investigated the effects on malignant and metastatic potential of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, S2-013. MUC1-suppressed clones, S2-013.MTII.C1 and S2-013.MTII.C2, were established by targeting a sequence 3,151 bp from the initiation codon and characterized in vitro for proliferation, invasion, and adhesion. We evaluated the effects of MUC1 suppression in vivo on tumor growth and metastatic properties following implantation into the cecum or pancreas of athymic mice. MUC1-suppressed clones showed significantly decreased proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Global gene expression was evaluated by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Surprisingly, genes predicted to increase doubling times (cyclin B1 and cyclin D3) were overexpressed in MUC1-suppressed clones. There were alterations in expression of several genes that may affect the malignant properties of pancreatic cancer. Adhesion of MUC1-suppressed cells in vitro to type IV collagen and fibronectin was slightly increased, and adhesion was slightly decreased to type I collagen and laminin. Results of implantation to cecum and pancreas showed significant reduction of metastasis to lymph nodes, lung, or peritoneal sites compared with S2-013.gfp-neo control cells. These results support the hypothesis that MUC1 contributes significantly to growth and metastasis, and that down-regulation of MUC1 protein expression decreases the metastatic potential of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.