gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo resistance of Leishmania infantum to meglumine antimoniate: a study of 37 strains collected from patients with visceral leishmaniasis (1997)

Primary and secondary unresponsiveness to meglumine has long been described in human visceral leishmaniasis. However, no studies have been performed to elucidate if these therapeutic failures were due to strain variability in meglumine sensitivity or were related to host factors. We have studied the in vitro sensitivity of 37 strains of Leishmania infantum isolated from 23 patients (11 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 12 immunocompetent patients) with visceral leishmaniasis. Sensitivity tests were performed by infecting murine macrophages with Leishmania parasites and culturing them in medium containing different concentrations of meglumine. For each test we calculated a 50% effective dose (ED50) corresponding to the meglumine concentration at which 50% of the Leishmania parasites survived. In vitro results were strongly correlated to immediate clinical outcome. All strains requiring an ED50 of >70 microg/ml were related to therapeutic failures, whereas all strains requiring an ED50 of <40 microg/ml corresponded to an initial efficiency of meglumine. Among those patients who were initially improved, relapses occurred in all immunocompromised patients and in most immunocompetent patients who had a short duration of treatment (15 days). Finally, we found that in vitro sensitivity of strains decreased progressively in relapsing patients treated with meglumine. Consequently, the physician may be encouraged to alternate meglumine with other treatments such as amphotericin B or pentamidine, especially in the case of relapsing patients.
Simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood and in serum by computerized potentiometric stripping analysis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood and in serum by computerized potentiometric stripping analysisDaniel. Jagner, Mats. Josefson, Stig. Westerlund, and Kerstin. AarenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 9, 1406–1410Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00232a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00232a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brief review of regression‐based and machine learning methods in genetic epidemiology: the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 experience (2011)

Genetics Analysis Workshop 17 provided common and rare genetic variants from exome sequencing data and simulated binary and quantitative traits in 200 replicates. We provide a brief review of the machine learning and regression-based methods used in the analyses of these data. Several regression and machine learning methods were used to address different problems inherent in the analyses of these data, which are high-dimension, low-sample-size data typical of many genetic association studies. Unsupervised methods, such as cluster analysis, were used for data segmentation and, subset selection. Supervised learning methods, which include regression-based methods (e.g., generalized linear models, logic regression, and regularized regression) and tree-based methods (e.g., decision trees and random forests), were used for variable selection (selecting genetic and clinical features most associated or predictive of outcome) and prediction (developing models using common and rare genetic variants to accurately predict outcome), with the outcome being case-control status or quantitative trait value. We include a discussion of cross-validation for model selection and assessment, and a description of available software resources for these methods.
Real-time Appliance Identification using Smart Plugs (2017)

Automatic classification of electric appliances has many applications such as automated demand response, human activity observation, and energy analysis. We present a smart plug platform that supports real-time classification of consumption profiles of appliances in addition to remote control and consumption monitoring. Our platform is based on low-cost Arduino hardware platform. The smart plug offers RESTful web service which can be used to communicate with smart phones and web clients. Our smart plug platform has the capability to support additional features, such as big data analysis and detection of anomalous appliance behavior.
Fabrication of n‐ and p‐Type Organic Thin Film Transistors with Minimized Gate Overlaps by Self‐Aligned Nanoimprinting (2010)

A nanoimprinting process that enables fabrication of self-aligned p- and n-type organic thin film transistors with small channel lengths is presented. Nanoimprint lithography with back-side exposure permit precise definition of the channel length down to the submicrometer regime and a diminutive gate to source/drain overlap. The self-aligned manufacturing process enables transistor setups with minimized electrode overlaps resulting in distinct decrease of parasitic capacitances and considerable increase in transition frequency. Fully functional small channel OTFTs with p- and n-type semiconductors are fabricated on glass as well as on flexible substrates with transition frequencies up to 400 kHz.
Noninvasive in Vivo Monitoring of Drug Release and Polymer Erosion from Biodegradable Polymers by EPR Spectroscopy and NMR Imaging (1997)

Biodegradable polymers have attracted much attention as implantable drug delivery systems. Uncertainty in extrapolating in vitro results to in vivo systems due to the difficulties of appropriate characterization in vivo, however, is a significant issue in the development of these systems. To circumvent this limitation, noninvasive magnetic resonance techniques, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were applied to characterize drug release and polymer degradation in vitro and in vivo. MRI makes it possible to monitor water content, tablet shape, and response of the biological system such as edema and encapsulation. The results of the MRI experiments give the first direct proof in vivo of postulated mechanisms of polymer erosion. Using nitroxide radicals as model drug releasing compounds, information on the mechanism of drug release and microviscosity inside the implant can be obtained by means of 1.2 GHz EPR spectroscopy. To be able to attribute nitroxide mobility to a particular layer of the implant, sandwich-like tablets were manufactured, taking advantage of the distinct spectral features of nitroxides containing different isotopes of nitrogen (15N vs 14N). The use of both noninvasive methods to monitor processes in vivo leads to new insights in understanding the mechanisms of drug release and polymer degradation.
New monomers for high performance polymers (1993)

This laboratory has been concerned with the development of new polymeric materials with high thermo-oxidative stability for use in the aerospace and electronics industries. Currently, there is special emphasis on developing matrix resins and composites for the high speed civil transport (HSCT) program. This application requires polymers that have service lifetimes of 60,000 hr at 350 F (177 C) and that are readily processible into void-free composites, preferably by melt-flow or powder techniques that avoid the use of high boiling solvents. Recent work has focused on copolymers which have thermally stable imide groups separated by flexible arylene ether linkages, some with trifluoromethyl groups attached to the aromatic rings. The presence of trifluoromethyl groups in monomers and polymers often improves their solubility and processibility. The goal of this research was to synthesize several new monomers containing pendant trifluoromethyl groups and to incorporate these monomers into new imide/arylene ether copolymers. Initially, work was begun on the synthesis of three target compounds. The first two, 3,5-dihydroxybenzo trifluoride and 3-amino 5-hydroxybenzo trifluoride, are intermediates in the synthesis of more complex monomers. The third, 3,5-bis (3-amino-phenoxy) benzotrifluoride, is an interesting diamine that could be incorporated into a polyimide directly.
Hormonal Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche: A Focus on Estrogen (2015)

Self-renewal and differentiation are hallmarks of stem cells and controlled by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Increasing evidence indicates that estrogen (E2), the primary female sex hormone, is involved in regulating the proliferation and lineage commitment of adult and pluripotent stem cells as well as modulating the stem cell niche. Thus, a detailed understanding of the role of E2 in behavior of stem cells may help to improve their therapeutic potential. Recently, it has been reported that E2 promotes cell cycle activity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and induces them to megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors during pregnancy. This study paves the way towards a previously unexplored endocrine mechanism that controls stem cell behavior. In this review, we will focus on the scientific findings regarding the regulatory effects of E2 on the hematopoietic system including its microenvironment.
Antilipogenic action of synthetic C-terminal sequence 177-191 of human growth hormone. (1993)

The synthetic C-terminal peptide fragment of human growth hormone, Leu-Arg-Ile-Val Gln-Cys-Arg-Val-Ser-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (hGH 177-191), was shown to have antilipogenic activity identical with that of the intact molecule of human growth hormone (hGH). No significant lipolytic effect of hGH 177-191 was found as determined by the rate of glycerol release from epididymal fat pads of the peptide-treated rats. The results support the suggestion that the functional domain responsible for the antilipogenic activity of hGH resides in the C-terminal region of the molecule and that the main physiological effect of hGH in lipid metabolism is at the level of lipogenesis.
Neural network optimization for multi-target multi-sensor passive tracking (1996)

In this paper, we review a number of neural network approaches to combinatorial optimization. We specifically address the difficult problem of localizing multiple targets using only passive sensors, i.e. the sensors detect only bearing angles. Thus, target positions must be found through triangulation. An efficient solution to this problem has been of particular interest in air defence applications. In this paper, we describe two different neural network based approaches for solving this passive tracking problem. In particular, we demonstrate the use of a Hopfield neural network to preface the subsequent development of the multiple elastic modules (MEM) model. The MEM model is presented as a significant extension to current self-organizing neural networks. We describe the unique features of the MEM model, including nonhomogeneous adaptive temperature field for escaping from poor local optima, and locking and expectation features used for dealing with dynamic real-world problems. Applications of the MEM model to other areas including computer vision, are also briefly described.
Treatment of Vocal Abuse Disorders Using a Vocal Intensity Controller (1974)

A portable voice intensity controller (VIC) was used in a treatment program for patients with dysphonia related to vocal cord lesions and to laryngeal hypertension. The device, worn in daily speaking situations, provided auditory feedback contingent on excessive vocal intensity. Consequently, a soft vocal level was automatically maintained even in the presence of high-level environmental noise. The device proved to be an aid to vocal rehabilitation for the 32 patients who were studied.
Transgenic mouse models for tumour‐suppressor genes (1995)

Tumour-suppressor genes are negative regulators of cell division and growth. Over the past decade, multiple, distinct tumour-suppressor genes have been identified and cloned. In recent years, the ability to specifically manipulate the mouse genome via overexpression, underexpression or deletion of genes using transgenic expression systems and embryonic stem cell (ES) technology has led to the identification and definition of the precise function of several tumour suppressor genes in vivo. Included in this group are mice with mutations in the p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) genes. p53 Mutant mice are highly susceptible to tumour development and will serve as excellent models to understand the aetiology and pathology of several human cancers. In contrast to the role of the Rb gene in human retinoblastomas, mice heterozygous for a mutant Rb allele do not develop retinoblastoma, but develop pituitary tumours instead. Similar ES cell technology has been used to generate alpha-inhibin deficient mice. Inhibin-deficient mice develop gonadal and adrenal tumours with nearly 100% penetrance. These studies have identified inhibin as a novel secreted tumour suppressor. In the future, many of the unidentified functions of tumour-suppressor genes can be tested using this powerful in vivo assay system.
Blockchain Technology in IDS (2019)

In recent years there has been a significant growth of interest and investment in Blockchain technology with a many companies and government organisations, large and small, proposing applications of this technology across a range of social, financial, industrial, and governmental sectors. Blockchain technology is seen as providing opportunities to disrupt traditional products and services. This<br> is mainly due to features such as the absence of a single trusted third party, the immutability of the blockchain record, the distributed, decentralised nature of blockchains, and the ability to run smart contracts. The International Data Spaces (IDS) reference architecture focuses on the concept of ‘data sovereignty’, allowing organizations to share datasets in a secure and<br> controlled way using the International Data Spaces Connector concept. Some of the features of blockchain technology are consistent with features of the International Data Spaces architecture, such as the absence of a single trusted party (e.g. where all data is being stored) and the decentralized nature. Other features are complementary, such as the permanence of the blockchain record. This makes it highly interesting to explore how IDS and blockchain technology fit together and how blockchain technology could be used in future versions of the International Data Spaces reference architecture. <br> IN THIS DOCUMENT WE WILL HIGHLIGHT:<br> • The core concepts of blockchain technology<br> • Potential usage scenarios for blockchain technology in an IDS context<br> • Possibilities for implementing IDS architectural concepts using blockchain technology<br> • How several projects currently use IDS in combination with blockchain technology
Visual acuity and hyperacuity: resolution, localization, form. (1987)

The roles of optical resolution, of spatial localizing ability, and of form perception are assessed as they relate to visual acuity and hyperacuity and to the measurement of a patient's performance in these tasks.
Laser-induced plasmas in metal vapors (1989)

Strong ionization in metal vapors is known to be very readily produced by a variety of pulsed and CW lasers. Particularly well known is ‘resonance’ ionization by pulsed or CW dye lasers operated at the atomic resonance lines (e.g. Na 3 s → 3 p ). We also have experimental results for two other forms of ionization: ‘quasiresonant’ ionization using a CW dye laser (e.g. at the Na 3 p → 4 d transitions), and ‘two-photon resonance’ ionization using a pulsed dye laser (e.g. at the Na 3 s → 4 d two-photon resonances). Both new forms are visually characterized by bright ‘white sparks’ and correspond to reasonably high electron densities of ∼10 14 −10 15 cm 3 and low electron temperatures of ∼0·1−0·2 eV. The ‘quasiresonant’ ionization is remarkable in that it occurs even with a very low power 1 mW focused CW laser in 10 torr of Na. A variety of interesting atomic and molecular spectroscopic features have been observed and analyzed.
A 5-Month Open Study with Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dyslexia (2007)

This open pilot study investigated effects of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich supplement on learning ability in a group of 20 dyslexic children in Sweden. Children formally diagnosed as dyslexic took eight capsules per day of a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) supplement containing high-DHA fish oil and evening primrose oil. Subjective assessments by the children and their parents were completed at baseline and 6, 12, and 20 weeks after supplementation. Quantitative evaluation by word-chain test was completed before and after 4 months of supplementation to measure word decoding (speed of reading) and letter decoding (motoric-perceptual speed). Subjective parent and child assessments showed increasing numbers of positive responders over time in reading speed, general schoolwork, and overall perceived benefit. Significant improvements were observed in reading speed and motor-perceptual velocity. Thirteen of 17 children had a significant improvement on the word-chain test (P < .04). Reading speed improved by 60% from 1.76 +/- 0.29 before the study to 2.82 +/- 0.36 after supplementation (P < .01 by Wilcoxon sign test). Motoric-perceptual velocity improved by 23% from a stanine value of 3.76 +/- 0.42 to 4.65 +/- 0.66 after supplementation (P < .05 by Wilcoxon sign test). Thus LC-PUFA supplementation for 5 months provides positive and clear beneficial effect on variables usually impaired by dyslexia.
The MAP kinase-interacting kinases regulate cell migration, vimentin expression and eIF4E/CYFIP1 binding (2015)

The MAP kinase-interacting kinases (Mnk1 and Mnk2) are activated by ERK and are best known for phosphorylating the translation initiation factor eIF4E. Genetic knockout of the Mnks impaired the migration of embryonic fibroblasts both in two-dimensional wound-healing experiments and in three-dimensional migration assays. Furthermore, a novel and selective Mnk inhibitor, Mnk-I1, which potently blocks eIF4E phosphorylation, blocked the migration of fibroblasts and cancer cells, without exerting 'off-target' effects on other signalling pathways such as Erk. Mnk-I1 or genetic knockout of the Mnks decreased the expression of vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal cells, without affecting vimentin mRNA levels. Vimentin protein levels were much lower in Mnk1/2-knockout cells than in controls, although mRNA levels were similar. Our data suggest that the Mnks regulate the translation of the vimentin mRNA and the stability of the vimentin protein. Inhibition or genetic knockout of the Mnks increased the binding of eIF4E to the cytoplasmic FMRP-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1), which binds the fragile-X mental retardation protein, FMRP, a translational repressor. Since FMRP binds mRNAs for proteins involved in metastasis, the Mnk-dependent release of CYFIP1 from eIF4E is expected to release the repression of translation of FMRP-bound mRNAs, potentially providing a molecular mechanism for the control of cell migration by the Mnks. As Mnk1/2 are not essential for viability, inhibition of the Mnks may be a useful approach to tackling cancer metastasis, a key process contributing to mortality in cancer patients.
Self-consistent model for the radial current generation during fishbone activity (2002)

Line broadened quasilinear burst model, originally developed for the bump-on-tail instability [H. L. Berk et al., Nucl. Fusion 35, 1661 (1995)], is extended to the problem of sheared flow generation by the fishbone burst. It is supposed that the radial current of the resonant fast ions can be sufficient to create the transport barrier.
Measuring Method for Residual Stresses in Explosively Clad Plates and a Method of Residual Stress Reduction (1996)

In this paper, a new layer removal method for measurement of local residual stress through the thickness of clad plates is developed using inherent strain which is considered a source of residual stress. Using the new method, residual stresses in explosively clad plates of Ni/SUS304 and Zr/Zr/Ta/SUS304 are measured. Then, residual stresses remaining in a pipe joint piece cut from the explosively clad plate are estimated by an elastic analysis using inherent strain. Furthermore, the validity of a mechanical stress reduction method by applying axial compressive load to the pipe joint piece, is demonstrated by elastic-plastic FEM analysis.
Totalsynthese optisch aktiver Steroide, XVI: Darstellung von 1,3,17β‐Triacetoxy‐8α‐östra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien, einem dissoziierten Östrogen (1978)

Abstract Es werden zwei Synthesen der Titelverbindung 5b beschrieben, eine ausgehend vom 8α‐Östron 1 , die andere vom optisch aktiven CD‐Teilstück 6 .
Immunocytochemical demonstration of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) along the migration route of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in mice (1992)

Contact between the developing forebrain and the ingrowing central processes of the olfactory, vomeronasal and terminal nerves is preceded by a migration of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-immunoreactive cells from the epithelium of the olfactory pit and the formation of an NCAM-immunoreactive cellular aggregate in the mesenchyme between the olfactory pit and the forebrain. The axons of the olfactory, vomeronasal, and terminal nerves, also NCAM-immunoreactive, grow into the cellular aggregate, which as development proceeds, becomes continuous with the rostral tip of the forebrain. The lateral and more rostral part of the cellular aggregate receives the ingrowing axons of the olfactory nerves and becomes the olfactory nerve layer of the olfactory bulb. The medial, more caudal part receives the central processes of the vomeronasal and terminal nerves. The vomeronasal nerve ends in the accessory olfactory bulb. The central processes of the terminal nerve end in the medial forebrain. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunoreactive neurons, like the vomeronasal and terminal nerves, originate from the medial part of the olfactory pit. These LHRH cells migrate into the brain along and within a scaffolding formed by the NCAM-immunoreactive axons of the vomeronasal and terminal nerves, and they are never seen independent of this NCAM scaffold as they cross the nasal lamina propria. The results suggest that: (1) NCAM is likely to be necessary for scaffold formation, and (2) the scaffold may be essential for the subsequent migration of LHRH neurons into the brain. Because they aggregate, migrating LHRH-immunoreactive neurons, on which we did not detect NCAM immunoreactivity, may interact via other cell adhesion molecules (CAM). Inasmuch as the interaction between the LHRH-immunoreactive neurons and the NCAM-immunoreactive scaffold is heterotypic, the possibility of a heterophilic (NCAM to other CAM) interaction is not ruled out. These findings focus our attention on the functional role of NCAM in this migratory system.