gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Human Vα24+ CD4+ NKT Cells Activated by α-Glycosylceramide-Pulsed Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (2000)

Human V alpha 24+ NKT cells with an invariant TCR (V alpha 24-J alpha Q) have been shown to be specifically activated by synthetic glycolipids such as alpha-galactosylceramide and alpha-glucosylceramide in a CD1d-restricted and V alpha 24 TCR-mediated manner. We recently characterized V alpha 24+ CD4- CD8- double negative (DN) NKT cells using alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Here, we compare V alpha 24+ CD4+ NKT cells with human V alpha 24+ DN NKT cells from the same donor using alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Human V alpha 24+ CD4+ NKT cells were phenotypically and functionally similar to the human V alpha 24+ DN NKT cells characterized previously. Both of them use V alpha 24-J alpha Q-V beta 11 TCR and express CD161 (NKR-P1A), but not the other NK receptors tested so far. They also produce cytokines such as IL-4 and IFN-gamma, and, in regard to IL-4 production, V alpha 24+ CD4+ NKT cells produce more IL-4 than V alpha 24+ DN NKT cells. The cells exhibit marked cytotoxic activity against the U937 tumor cell line, but not against the NK target cell line, K562. Although at least some of the factors responsible for the stimulation of V alpha 24+ NKT cells have been clarified, little is known regarding the killing phase of these cells. Here we show that the cytotoxic activity of V alpha 24+ NKT cells against U937 cells is mediated mainly through the perforin pathway and that ICAM-1/LFA-1 as well as CD44/hyaluronic acid interactions are important for the effector phase of V alpha 24+ NKT cell-mediated cytotoxicity against U937 cells.
Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks (2004)

Complex biological, technological, and sociological networks can be of very different sizes and connectivities, making it difficult to compare their structures. Here we present an approach to systematically study similarity in the local structure of networks, based on the significance profile (SP) of small subgraphs in the network compared to randomized networks. We find several superfamilies of previously unrelated networks with very similar SPs. One superfamily, including transcription networks of microorganisms, represents “rate-limited” information-processing networks strongly constrained by the response time of their components. A distinct superfamily includes protein signaling, developmental genetic networks, and neuronal wiring. Additional superfamilies include power grids, protein-structure networks and geometric networks, World Wide Web links and social networks, and word-adjacency networks from different languages.
High Potential of Interzeolite Conversion Method for Zeolite Synthesis (2013)

Many types of zeolites such as beta (hereinafter, *BEA), CHA, LEV, RUT, and MFI were successfully synthesized by interzeolite conversion of FAU, *BEA, and LEV type zeolites as starting materials under various hydrothermal synthesis conditions. The crystallization rates of zeolites using such starting zeolites were notably elevated compared to rates observed in conventional hydrothermal syntheses using amorphous aluminosilicate gels. This characteristic enhancement in the crystallization rate results from the generation of locally ordered aluminosilicate species (nanoparts) through the decomposition/dissolution of the starting zeolite, resulting in assembly and evolution into another type of zeolite. The structural similarity between the starting zeolite and the final crystallized zeolite is a crucial factor for interzeolite conversion. These findings strongly indicate that the interzeolite conversion route is an attractive strategy for zeolite synthesis and zeolite design will be possible after methods to selectively assemble the nanoparts are established.
ITS INNOVATIONS IN COLORADO SPRINGS (1997)

The City of Colorado Springs received a $2.3 million CMAQ (Congestion Mitigation/Air Quality) grant for the development of its intelligent transportation system program. The funds have been used to establish the TOC (traffic operations center) and a 16 mile smart corridor along Interstate 25 which bisects Colorado Springs, as well as to implement new technologies for the ITS program. The City has developed new programs and technologies at minimal costs through creative ideas and cooperative efforts with industry leaders
Asymmetric PWM Control Scheme During Hold-Up Time for $LLC$ Resonant Converter (2011)

To narrow down the switching-frequency-variation range of an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter, asymmetric pulsewidth modulation (APWM) of the hold-up time is proposed. During the hold-up time, the modulation method of an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter is changed from frequency modulation (FM) to APWM. Since the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter achieves a higher gain with APWM than it does with FM at the same switching frequency, the switching-frequency-variation range is reduced. Therefore, an optimal design of the magnetic components is possible, resulting in a high efficiency under normal operation and a high power density. The proposed control scheme is applied to an 85-W <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant converter.
Production-Line Balances for Mixed-Model Lines (1972)

This paper considers the problem of mixed-model assembly-line balancing. First, the balance problem is formulated, and some of the difficulties of achieving effective balances in practice are noted. Next, balance procedures designed to obtain expeditious computer solutions of large-scale mixed-model balances are presented, and results obtained for a small-scale balance by a program incorporating these procedures are discussed. Effect on line performance is considered, and an estimate is made of the computer effort required to achieve a balance for a large-scale assembly operation. Finally some general conclusions are presented.
Antisense morpholino targeting just upstream from a poly(A) tail junction of maternal mRNA removes the tail and inhibits translation (2012)

Gene downregulation by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) is achieved by either hybridization around the translation initiation codon or by targeting the splice donor site. In the present study, an antisense MO method is introduced that uses a 25-mer MO against a region at least 40-nt upstream from a poly(A) tail junction in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of maternal mRNA. The MO removed the poly(A) tail and blocked zebrafish cdk9 (zcdk9) mRNA translation, showing functional mimicry between miRNA and MO. A PCR-based assay revealed MO-mediated specific poly(A) tail removal of zebrafish mRNAs, including those for cyclin B1, cyclin B2 and tbp. The MO activity targeting cyclins A and B mRNAs was validated in unfertilized starfish oocytes and eggs. The MO removed the elongated poly(A) tail from maternal matured mRNA. This antisense method introduces a new application for the targeted downregulation of maternal mRNAs in animal oocytes, eggs and early embryos.
Transformed Cells Require Continuous Activity Of RNA Polymerase II To Resist Oncogene-Induced Apoptosis (1997)

Studies have indicated that deregulated oncogene expression can result in either programmed cell death or proliferation, depending on the cellular microenvironment. However, little is known about whether oncogenic signals in themselves are able to activate a cellular apoptotic program. We have tested the hypothesis that oncogenic signals in the absence of gene expression are sufficient to induce cell death, which would indicate that constitutive expression of antiapoptotic genes is necessary for maintenance of the transformed state. Using two highly specific RNA polymerase (RNAP) II inhibitors, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) and alpha-amanitin, which inhibit RNAP II function by two distinct mechanisms, we found that inhibition of gene expression substantially increased apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in p53+/+- and p53(-/-)-transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in HeLa cells, demonstrating that this type of apoptosis does not require wild-type p53. Engineered expression of an alpha-amanitin resistance RNAP II gene rendered cells resistant to induction of apoptosis by alpha-amanitin without affecting their sensitivity to DRB, indicating that alpha-amanitin induces apoptosis solely by inhibiting RNAP II function and not by a nonspecific mechanism. DRB-induced apoptosis was independent of the cell cycle or ongoing DNA replication, since DRB induced similar levels of apoptosis in asynchronous cells and cells synchronized by collection at mitosis. Inhibition of RNAP II in untransformed cells like Rat-1 or human AG1522 fibroblasts resulted not in apoptosis but in growth arrest. In contrast, deregulated expression of c-Myc in Rat-1 cells dramatically increased their sensitivity to DRB, directly demonstrating that apoptosis following inhibition of RNAP II function is greatly enhanced by oncogenic expression. The requirement for RNAP II function to prevent oncogene-induced apoptosis implies the need for the constitutive expression of an antiapoptotic gene(s) to maintain the transformed state. The differential sensitivities of untransformed and transformed cells to induction of apoptosis by transcriptional inhibition, coupled with the finding that this type of apoptosis is independent of p53 status, suggest that inhibition of RNAP II may be exploited therapeutically for the design of successful antitumor agents.
Wheelchair Securement Systems in Transit Vehicles: A Summary Report (2013)

This report is a summary of the National Workshop on Wheelchair Securement In Transit Vehicles held December 7-10, 1980, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Transportation Systems Center's Office of Technology Sharing, in cooperation with the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Office of Socio-Economic and Special Projects, sponsored and managed the Workshop. It was a cooperative effort involving the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), equipment manufactureres, state/local transportation units, and the R&D community. The first part summarizes the discussion of the state-of-the-art and the problems with exist. The second part contains the recommendations of the group.
An efficient GRASP+VND metaheuristic for the traveling repairman problem (2008)

The traveling repairman problem is a customer-centric routing problem, in which the total waiting time of the customers is minimized, rather than the total travel time of a vehicle. To date, research on this problem has focused on exact algorithms and approximation methods. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents one of the first metaheuristic approaches for the traveling repairman problem.
Mechanical loading regulates expression of talin and its mRNA, which are concentrated at myotendinous junctions (1998)

The hypothesis that mechanical loading regulates talin expression in developing and adult muscle was tested using in vitro and in vivo models. Talin was selected for study because it is a key structural link between the cytoskeleton and cell membrane. In the in vitro model, C2C12 myotubes were subjected to cyclic strains for 48 h. In the in vivo model, rat hindlimb muscles were unloaded for 10 days, then reloaded for 2 days. Cyclic loading of myotubes resulted in significant increases in the quantity of talin (68%) and its 190-kDa proteolytic fragment (70%), as well as talin mRNA (180%), relative to unloaded myotube cultures. Similarly, talin concentration and its mRNA increased by 68 and 136%, respectively, in soleus muscles reloaded for 2 days relative to ambulatory controls. Immunohistochemistry and in situ RT-PCR showed that talin and its mRNA are concentrated and colocalized at myotendinous junctions. Thus these findings indicate that increased mechanical loading promotes talin synthesis, which occurs principally at myotendinous junctions, according to talin mRNA distribution.
Tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater using zeolite ceramics and aquatic plants (2008)

In this study, we examined tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater using zeolite ceramics and aquatic plants, especially reeds, Phragmites australis. The experiment was made at real domestic wastewater treatment facilities, and comparison of treatment performance was made between the method with zeolite ceramics and that with pebble stones as conventional way. SEM observation of the ceramics' surface was also made to examine its possibility as the habitat of bacteria. The results obtained are as follows. Through the tertiary treatment experiment, it was suggested that the water purification system with zeolite ceramics and reeds could keep higher nitrogen removal efficiency for a long time. Zeolite ceramics would be useful when nitrogen compound, NH(4)-N in particular, in the influent was higher. Under SEM observation, bacteria-like objects were observed on the ceramics' surface. Appropriate operation and maintenance would be needed to keep long-term performance of both the NH(4) (+) absorption and nitrogen removal with use of zeolite ceramics.
Localized Hyperthermia with Electromagnetic Arrays and the Leaky-Wave Troughguide Applicator (1986)

Noninvasive microwave hyperthermia is an attractive cancer treatment modality. Understanding the advantages and limitations of focusing are vital for the practical implementations of electromagnetic heating of deep tumors. These, as well as the important issues of tissue coupling and proper choices of polarization and frequency are herein examined. An optimal theoretical source distribution and an applicator design that approximates this distribution are discussed.
Interaction models for multiple-resident activity recognition in a smart home (2010)

Multi-resident activity recognition is among a key enabler in many context-aware applications in a smart home. However, most of prior researches ignore the potential interactions among residents in order to simplify problem complexity. On the other hand, multiple-resident activities are usually recognized using cameras or wearable sensors. However, due to human-centric concerns, it is more preferable to avoid using obtrusive sensors. In this paper, we propose dynamic Bayesian networks which extend coupled hidden Markov models (CHMMs) by adding some vertices to model both individual and cooperative activities. In order to improve performance of the model, we categorize sensor observations based on data association and some domain knowledge to model multiple-resident activity patterns. We then validate the performance using a multi-resident dataset from WSU (Washington State University), which only includes non-obtrusive sensors. The experimental result shows that our model performs better than other baseline classifiers.
Performance optimization using separator sets (1999)

In this paper, we propose a new method to optimize a performance of a very large circuit. We find the best set of local transformations to be applied to the circuit, by inserting padding nodes on noncritical edges of the circuit, and calculating separator sets of the circuit using separator sets. Our method is robust for very large circuits, because its memory usage and calculation time are linear and polynomial order with the size of the circuit. According to our experimental results, our method has accomplished all circuits, while Singh's (1992) selection function method has aborted with three large circuits because of memory overflow. The results also shows our method has a comparable capability in delay optimization to Singh's method.
Human ether à‐gogo K<sup>+</sup> channel 1 (hEag1) regulates MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell migration through Orai1‐dependent calcium entry (2012)

Breast cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis due to its strong metastatic ability. Accumulating data present ether à go-go (hEag1) K(+) channels as relevant player in controlling cell cycle and proliferation of non-invasive BC cells. However, the role of hEag1 in invasive BC cells migration is still unknown. In this study, we studied both the functional expression and the involvement in cell migration of hEag1 in the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 human BC cells. We showed that hEag1 mRNA and proteins were expressed in human invasive ductal carcinoma tissues and BC cell lines. Functional activity of hEag1 channels in MDA-MB-231 cells was confirmed using astemizole, a hEag1 blocker, or siRNA. Blocking or silencing hEag1 depolarized the membrane potential and reduced both Ca(2+) entry and MDA-MB-231 cell migration without affecting cell proliferation. Recent studies have reported that Ca(2+) entry through Orai1 channels is required for MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Down-regulation of hEag1 or Orai1 reduced Ca(2+) influx and cell migration with similar efficiency. Interestingly, no additive effects on Ca(2+) influx or cell migration were observed in cells co-transfected with sihEag1 and siOrai1. Finally, both Orai1 and hEag1 are expressed in invasive breast adenocarcinoma tissues and invaded metastatic lymph node samples (LNM(+)). In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that hEag1 channels are involved in the serum-induced migration of BC cells by controlling the Ca(2+) entry through Orai1 channels. hEag1 may therefore represent a potential target for the suppression of BC cell migration, and thus prevention of metastasis development.
Most Probable Numbers of chemolitho-autotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in well drained grassland soils: Stimulation by high nitrite concentrations (1990)

The results of Most Probable Number (MPN) enumerations of chemolitho-autotrophic nitrite oxidizers are very much dependent on the nitrite concentration applied in the incubation medium. In order to explain this dependency, the influence of pH, nitrite and resultant nitrous acid concentration of the incubation medium on the MPN-enumeration was investigated. It appeared that none of these factors were exclusively responsible for the result of the enumeration. In samples from a well drained grassland soil, highest number have been obtained with a combination of a low pH and a low nitrite concentration in the counting medium. The relation between the MPN-counting results and the nitrous acid concentration showed an optimum with the same soil samples. It was hypothesized that the relatively high numbers of nitrite-oxidizing cells determined in soil samples at a high nitrite concentration and pH 7.3 was due to the presence of dormant cells. However, this hypothesis could not be confirmed with enumerations of aged cell suspensions of different Nitrobacter species. In contrast to the field observations, these resting cells were always enumerated more efficiently at a low nitrite concentration. The importance of the use of more than one incubation medium for the enumeration of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria is emphasized.
Effect of Gas Slip on Unsteady Flow of Gas Through Porous Media (1954)

A numerical method is presented for describing either the one-dimensional or radial transient flow of gases through a porous medium in which the initial and terminal pressures and/or rates are specified. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect on transient gas flow of a pressure-sensitive gas permeability resulting from gas-slip effects. The gas-slip permeability or apparent permeability is assumed to vary as a linear function with the reciprocal pressure. The computations were carried out by means of punch card machines. The results demonstrate that under certain conditions, the transient flow system is greatly influenced by gas-slip permeability. However, the results also indicate that the effect of gas slip on transient flow behavior is negligible for pressure conditions usually associated with gas or petroleum reservoirs, and would be of most importance in the conduct and analysis of gas flow experiments in the laboratory. A specific laboratory application of the calculations is a possible transient method for the determination of porosity and/or gas-slip corrected permeability.
Grain-Orientation Induced Work Function Variation in Nanoscale Metal-Gate Transistors—Part I: Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Validation (2010)

This paper highlights and experimentally verifies a new source of random threshold-voltage (V_th) fluctuation in emerging metal-gate transistors and proposes a statistical framework to investigate its device and circuit-level implications. The new source of variability, christened work-function (WF) variation (WFV), is caused by the dependence of metal WF on the orientation of its grains. The experimentally measured data reported in this paper confirm the existence of such variations in both planar and nonplanar high-k metal-gate transistors. As a result of WFV, the WFs of metal gates are statistical distributions instead of deterministic values. In this paper, the key parameters of such WF distributions are analytically modeled by identifying the physical dimensions of the devices and properties of materials used in the fabrication. It is shown that WFV can be modeled by a multinomial distribution where the key parameters of its probability distribution function can be calculated in terms of the aforementioned parameters. The analysis reveals that WFV will contribute a key source of V_th variability in emerging generations of metal-gate devices. Using the proposed framework, one can investigate the implications of WFV for process, device, and circuit design, which are discussed in Part II.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the global response of <i>Wolbachia</i> to doxycycline-induced stress (2013)

The bacterium Wolbachia (order Rickettsiales), representing perhaps the most abundant vertically transmitted microbe worldwide, infects arthropods and filarial nematodes. In arthropods, Wolbachia can induce reproductive alterations and interfere with the transmission of several arthropod-borne pathogens. In addition, Wolbachia is an obligate mutualist of the filarial parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis in the tropics. Targeting Wolbachia with tetracycline antibiotics leads to sterilisation and ultimately death of adult filariae. However, several weeks of treatment are required, restricting the implementation of this control strategy. To date, the response of Wolbachia to stress has not been investigated, and almost nothing is known about global regulation of gene expression in this organism. We exposed an arthropod Wolbachia strain to doxycycline in vitro, and analysed differential expression by directional RNA-seq and label-free, quantitative proteomics. We found that Wolbachia responded not only by modulating expression of the translation machinery, but also by upregulating nucleotide synthesis and energy metabolism, while downregulating outer membrane proteins. Moreover, Wolbachia increased the expression of a key component of the twin-arginine translocase (tatA) and a phosphate ABC transporter ATPase (PstB); the latter is associated with decreased susceptibility to antimicrobials in free-living bacteria. Finally, the downregulation of 6S RNA during translational inhibition suggests that this small RNA is involved in growth rate control. Despite its highly reduced genome, Wolbachia shows a surprising ability to regulate gene expression during exposure to a potent stressor. Our findings have general relevance for the chemotherapy of obligate intracellular bacteria and the mechanistic basis of persistence in the Rickettsiales.