gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Mutations in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> That Allow Spore Germination in the Novel Germinant <scp>d</scp> -Alanine (1999)

Bacillus subtilis spores break their metabolic dormancy through a process called germination. Spore germination is triggered by specific molecules called germinants, which are thought to act by binding to and stimulating spore receptors. Three homologous operons, gerA, gerB, and gerK, were previously proposed to encode germinant receptors because inactivating mutations in those genes confer a germinant-specific defect in germination. To more definitely identify genes that encode germinant receptors, we isolated mutants whose spores germinated in the novel germinant D-alanine, because such mutants would likely contain gain-of-function mutations in genes that encoded preexisting germinant receptors. Three independent mutants were isolated, and in each case the mutant phenotype was shown to result from a single dominant mutation in the gerB operon. Two of the mutations altered the gerBA gene, whereas the third affected the gerBB gene. These results suggest that gerBA and gerBB encode components of the germinant receptor. Furthermore, genetic interactions between the wild-type gerB and the mutant gerBA and gerBB alleles suggested that the germinant receptor might be a complex containing GerBA, GerBB, and probably other proteins. Thus, we propose that the gerB operon encodes at least two components of a multicomponent germinant receptor.
Characteristics of viral protein expression by Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells in peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis (1995)

The frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen-positive B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis compared with that for latently EBV-infected individuals was examined by immunocytochemistry. B cells positive for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1, EBNA2, and latent membrane protein were frequently found in all peripheral B lymphocyte preparations from 25 patients suffering for 3 to 28 days from infectious mononucleosis by using monoclonal antibodies and the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline technique. There was a significant decrease in the number of positive B cells during the course of disease. EBNA1-positive B cells were detected in 0.01 to 2.5% of total B cells (median, 0.8%), EBNA2-positive B cells were detected in 0.01 to 4.5% of total B cells (median, 0.9%), and latent membrane protein-positive B cells were detected in 0.01 to 1.8% of total B cells (median, 0.5%), depending on the duration of clinical signs. In contrast, we did not find any EBNA1- or EBNA2-positive B cells in 2 x 10(6) peripheral blood B lymphocytes of 10 latently EBV-infected individuals, whereas aliquots of the same cell preparations were EBV DNA positive by a PCR assay. Therefore, it appears to be possible to detect infectious mononucleosis by immunocytochemical determination of latent EBV products, which might be of relevance for the diagnosis of EBV reactivations in immunosuppressed patients.
The use and training of the human voice : a bio-dynamic approach to vocal life (1997)

This introductory text details Arthur Lessac s proven procedures for understanding, training, and improving the voice and speech of the performer by exploring the varied qualities of the physical energies associated with producing sounds.
Calcium carbonate polymorph control using droplet-based microfluidics (2012)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) is one of the most abundant minerals and of high importance in many areas of science including global CO(2) exchange, industrial water treatment energy storage, and the formation of shells and skeletons. Industrially, calcium carbonate is also used in the production of cement, glasses, paints, plastics, rubbers, ceramics, and steel, as well as being a key material in oil refining and iron ore purification. CaCO(3) displays a complex polymorphic behaviour which, despite numerous experiments, remains poorly characterised. In this paper, we report the use of a segmented-flow microfluidic reactor for the controlled precipitation of calcium carbonate and compare the resulting crystal properties with those obtained using both continuous flow microfluidic reactors and conventional bulk methods. Through combination of equal volumes of equimolar aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate on the picoliter scale, it was possible to achieve excellent definition of both crystal size and size distribution. Furthermore, highly reproducible control over crystal polymorph could be realised, such that pure calcite, pure vaterite, or a mixture of calcite and vaterite could be precipitated depending on the reaction conditions and droplet-volumes employed. In contrast, the crystals precipitated in the continuous flow and bulk systems comprised of a mixture of calcite and vaterite and exhibited a broad distribution of sizes for all reaction conditions investigated.
Hepatitis C Virus Viremia in HIV-Infected Individuals With Negative HCV Antibody Tests (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia may occur in persons without detectable HCV antibodies and has been reported in as many as 5.5% of HIV-positive persons. To better characterize serosilent HCV infection, the authors prospectively tested 131 HIV-positive persons and 102 HIV-negative control subjects with diabetes for the presence of HCV antibody (Ab) and HCV RNA. Thirty of 31 HCV Ab-positive (AbP) HIV-positive people tested positive for HCV RNA as did both HCV AbP, HIV-negative control subjects. Similarly, none of the 100 HIV-negative, HCV Ab-negative (AbN) control subjects was HCV RNA positive (p<.001). In contrast, 19 of 100 HIV-positive, HCV AbN persons met stringent criteria for HCV viremia, and 9 of these 19 people were HCV RNA positive when tested by a commercially available HCV RNA detection method. The mean duration of HCV viremia in HCV AbN people was 26.8 months (range, 1-99 months). None of the subjects developed HCV antibody during the study. The HIV-positive, HCV AbP, and RNA-positive group was significantly more likely to have acquired HIV parenterally (p<.001), have higher initial CD4 counts (p=.029), and have higher ALT values than the HCV AbN group (p<.002). In summary, HCV infection appears to occur more frequently among HIV-infected, HCV-seronegative persons than appreciated, especially if HIV acquisition was through sexual as opposed to parenteral risk factors and was associated with a lower initial CD4 count and lower ALT values.
New treatments for multiple sclerosis (1996)

The steady flow of potential new treatments for multiple sclerosis continues with data resulting from studies ranging in complexity from early pilot trials to phase three studies. While this is in itself encouraging, interpretation of the data presented, and in particular evaluation of the potential clinical usefulness of an agent, is often less than straightforward. Improved understanding of the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and better trial design incorporation more appropriate and responsive outcome measures should be grounds for continuing therapeutic optimism.
Progress in understanding the assembly process of bacterial O-antigen (2014)

The discovery that the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria often carry unique polysaccharide signatures pre-dates most seminal discoveries of molecular biology and biochemistry of the 20th century. The O-antigen component of the lipopolysaccharide has been one of the most intensely studied bacterial polysaccharide surface structures for over 80 years. Yet, many questions about the mechanism of biosynthesis of the O-antigen and its transport to the cell surface remain unanswered. In this review we provide an overview of how the molecular basis of the O-antigen assembly and trafficking were unraveled in a historical context. We pay particular attention to the emergence of novel technological approaches and how they fueled the elucidation of the O-antigen maturation process. Moreover, we provide a brief perspective on the biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen and underline the similarities and differences between the pathways used to assemble these two surface polysaccharides. Finally, we highlight key discoveries that led to the understanding of the mechanistic basis of bacteriophage-induced O-antigen modifications. We place special emphasis on the regulation of the length of O-antigen polymers and provide a detailed overview of the models explaining the O-antigen length determination. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions that need to be addressed both structurally and functionally to advance our understanding of the O-antigen assembly, trafficking and export within cellular and molecular contexts.
Aumento del volumen óseo residual mediante técnicas de RTG e injerto, previo a la colocación de implantes orales (1995)

Presentamos dos casos de aumento oseo y colocacion diferida de implantes en maxilares con lesiones de origen traumatico. Los resultados de los procedimientos de aumento oseo con injerto y membranas son satisfactorios en ambos casos, pero se observan pequenas diferencias en cuento a cantidad y calidad del tejido neoformado, lo que podria deberse a que empleamos materiales distintos en cada caso.
Determination of Sulfur in Coal by Perchloric Acid Method (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Sulfur in Coal by Perchloric Acid MethodG. Frederick Smith and A. Garrell DeemCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1932, 4, 2, 227–229Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50078a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50078a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mixup-breakdown: a consistency training method for improving generalization of speech separation models (2019)

Deep-learning based speech separation models confront poor generalization problem that even the state-of-the-art models could abruptly fail when evaluating them in mismatch conditions. To address this problem, we propose an easy-to-implement yet effective consistency based semi-supervised learning (SSL) approach, namely Mixup-Breakdown training (MBT). It learns a teacher model to "breakdown" unlabeled inputs, and the estimated separations are interpolated to produce more useful pseudo "mixup" input-output pairs, on which the consistency regularization could apply for learning a student model. In our experiment, we evaluate MBT under various conditions with ascending degrees of mismatch, including unseen interfering speech, noise, and music, and compare MBT's generalization capability against state-of-the-art supervised learning and SSL approaches. The result indicates that MBT significantly outperforms several strong baselines with up to 13.77% relative SI-SNRi improvement. Moreover, MBT only adds negligible computational overhead to standard training schemes.
Density of states in graphite from electrochemical measurements on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1992)

Using electrochemical methods we have measured the variation of the chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu} of intercalated Li in graphite and in boron-substituted graphite as a function of Li concentration x. For small x in ${\mathrm{Li}}_{\mathit{x}}$(${\mathrm{C}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{z}}$${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathit{z}}$${)}_{6}$, \ensuremath{\mu} can be predicted from the density of one-electron levels versus energy, and we find good agreement with the data for pure graphite and for a boron-doped sample. In the rigid-band model, dx/d\ensuremath{\mu} vs \ensuremath{\mu} is directly proportional to the density of states versus energy, and our measurements of dx/d\ensuremath{\mu} agree well with empirical tight-binding density-of-states calculations. We show how the values of tight-binding overlap interactions can be directly determined from the electrochemical data.
Water-Soluble Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Coating for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2011)

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (USIRONs) were synthesized by a novel, easily scalable chemical reduction of colloidal iron hydroxide under hydrothermal conditions. The average crystallite size (5.1 ± 0.5 nm) and good crystallinity of the samples were supported by HR-TEM analysis and the saturation magnetization value (47 emu g(-1)). Vitamin C, used as a chemical reducing agent, also served as a capping agent in the oxidized form (dehydroascorbic acid, DHAA) to impart nanoparticles with exceptional solubility and stability in water, PBS buffer, and cell culture medium. Detailed physicochemical analysis of the USIRON suspensions provided insight into the magnetic ordering phenomena within the colloid, arising from the formation of uniform clusters displaying a hydrodynamic size of 41 nm. Phantom experiments on the contrast agent (clinical 3 T MRI scanner) revealed an enhanced r(2)/r(1) ratio of 36.4 (r(1)= 5 s(-1) mM(-1) and r(2)= 182 s(-1) mM(-1)) when compared to the clinically approved agents. The potential of the DHAA-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles as negative contrast agents for MRI with optimal hydrodynamic size for extended blood circulation times was confirmed by strong contrast observed in T(2)- and T(2)*-weighted images. The cell tests performed with primary human immune-competent cells confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of USIRONs.
[Learned helplessness and depression in the aged. A study of the concept of Seligman's depression in the old age home]. (1987)

Seligman's concept of "learned helplessness" is examined with a sample of rest-home residents. A semi-structured interview is used to assess attributions in the dimensions of internality, stability and generality for past, present, and future life-events. Interrelations of these attributions with depression and age-related self-esteem are investigated. According to Seligman's model elderly subjects with high scores in depression and age-related self-esteem tend to attribute negative life-events as internal, stable and global. Some other assumptions of the model of "learned helplessness" could not be confirmed. Methodological problems are discussed with respect to Seligman's theory of learned helplessness and depression in the elderly.
An Alternative View of Filter Cake Formation in Fractures (2002)

Abstract A new model was developed to describe water leakoff from Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gels during extrusion through fractures. This model is fundamentally different than the conventional filter cake model that was used during hydraulic fracturing. Even so, the model accurately predicted leakoff during extrusion of a guar-borate gel. Thus, the new model may be of interest in hydraulic fracturing. For a Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gel, pressure gradients and gel dehydration during extrusion were similar at 20°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C. Similar gel dehydration behavior was observed over a three-fold range of concentration for Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gels. During extrusion, measurements of pressure gradient versus HPAM concentration paralleled those of elastic modulus versus HPAM concentration. In 0.04-in.-wide fractures, gel mobilization during brine injection (i.e, gel washout) occurred at pressure gradients similar to those during gel injection. In wider fractures (0.08-and 0.16-in.), Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gels experienced mobilization at lower than expected pressure gradients. We explored how incorporation of particulate matter into gel affects washout from fractures. Shredded polypropylene and fiberglass insulation dispersed well in Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gelants and gels. In contrast, mica, nut plug, diatomaceous earth, and celloflakes experienced severe gravity segregation. Incorporation of 0.1%-0.2% fiberglass insulation into Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gels reduced gel washout during subsequent brine injection. However, improved formulations are needed to prevent washout for fractures that are wider than 0.08 in.
Benzene-induced myelodysplastic syndrome. (2001)

In various industries benzene is used for cleaning, stain removal, and dilution and as an adhesive. The petrochemical industry uses benzene as a raw material for styrene, alkyl benzene, and caprolactam. Moreover, aromatic compounds are added to gasoline as a substitute for alkyl lead compounds. Although atmospheric lead pollution is reduced, the concentration of benzene released into the air is increased. Because benzene is widely used in industry, exposure of workers to benzene is a health concern that deserves attention. During the late 19th century, it was found that continuous exposure to benzene can lead to aplastic anemia and leukemia. There were also cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia reported during this period. This association brought attention to the toxicity of benzene to the bone marrow. Additional studies in Italy and Turkey showed that the standardized mortality ratio of leukemia among workers exposed to benzene is higher than that of nonexposed civilians. The threshold limit values for benzene have become more stringent. Threshold limit values refer to airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be exposed on a daily basis without adverse health effects. The Department of Occupational Disease in Tri-Service General Hospital was established in 1994. Its goal is “to find and identify patients with occupational diseases, and to perform research in occupational medicine.” The patient prompting this case report came to our hospital with benzeneinduced myelodysplastic syndrome in 1996.
Absolute Assignment of Breast Cancer Intrinsic Molecular Subtype (2014)

The instability of a breast cancer subtyping scheme like PAM50 could have important consequences in clinical management of patients. AIMS is a fully stable and robust subtyping scheme that recapitulates PAM50.
Development of bioactive hydrogel capsules for the 3D expansion of pluripotent stem cells in bioreactors (2013)

Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for many pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications. However, the lack of scalable methodologies to expand these cells to clinically relevant numbers is a major roadblock in realizing their full potential. To address this problem, we report here a scalable approach for the expansion of pluripotent stem cells within bioactive hydrogel capsules in stirred bioreactors. To achieve rapid crosslinking of cellular microenvironments with tuneable, cell-instructive functionality, we combined calcium-mediated alginate (CaAlg) complexation with crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromers via a Michael-type addition. The resulting hybrid networks have been shown to have very good handling properties and can be readily decorated with biologically active signals such as integrin ligands or Cadherin-based motifs to influence the fate of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Air-driven co-axial extrusion was used to reproducibly generate gel microcapsules in high-throughput. Furthermore, the gel capsules can be enveloped in a poly(l-lysine) shell to control swelling or molecular permeability independently of the gel composition. iPS cells entrapped within such capsules expanded with limited commitment to the endodermal lineage. Functionalization of gels with an appropriate density of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) ligands further increased the iPS cell expansion rate and reduced the spontaneous differentiation. Therefore, the combination of micro-scale instruction of cell fate by an engineered microenvironment and macro-scale cell manipulation in bioreactors opens up exciting opportunities for stem cell-based applications.
A COMPUTER INTEGRATED SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR FILM THICKNESS MONITORING (1983)

A miniaturized grating spectrophotometer for thin film analysis is described that was designed to fit into a minicomputer environment. Spectrometer, control electronics, buffer storage and power supply are integrated on a single print card.
Characteristic ratio of poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate) and poly(2-ethylbutyl acrylate) (1997)

The synthesis, characteristic ratio C∞ and glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate) (PTHFA) and of poly(2-ethylbutyl acrylate) (P2EBA) are reported. P2EBA has slightly lower flexibility (C∞ = 9.2) than PTHFA (C∞ = 8.6), mainly because of the higher bulkiness of its side group and the closer proximity to the main chain. The C∞ results compared with the corresponding polymethacrylates show an increase in flexibility due to the absence of the α-methyl group. Comparison with poly(methyl acrylate) clearly shows the influence of the bulkiness of the side group on the chain flexibility. The lower Tg of P2EBA than that of PTHFA may be explained by the higher flexibility of the 2-ethylbutyl side group. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1589–1592, 1997
A self-correcting active pixel camera (2002)

Digital cameras on-a-chip are becoming more common and are expected to be used in many industrial and consumer products. With the size of the CMOS active pixel-array implemented in such chips increasing to 512/spl times/512 and beyond, the possibility of degradation in the reliability of the chip over time must be a factor in the chip design. In digital circuits, a commonly used technique for reliability or yield enhancement is the incorporation of redundancy (e.g., adding redundant rows and columns in large memory ICs). Very limited attempts have been directed towards fault-tolerance in analog circuits, mainly due to the very high level of irregularity in their design. Since active pixel arrays have a regular structure, they are amenable to reliability enhancement through a limited amount of added redundancy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the advantages of incorporating some fault-tolerance methods, including redundancy, into the design of an active pixel sensor array.