gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Metabolic States Can Support Self-Renewal and Lipogenesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells under Different Culture Conditions (2016)

Recent studies have suggested that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) depend primarily on glycolysis and only increase oxidative metabolism during differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that both glycolytic and oxidative metabolism can support hPSC growth and that the metabolic phenotype of hPSCs is largely driven by nutrient availability. We comprehensively characterized hPSC metabolism by using (13)C/(2)H stable isotope tracing and flux analysis to define the metabolic pathways supporting hPSC bioenergetics and biosynthesis. Although glycolytic flux consistently supported hPSC growth, chemically defined media strongly influenced the state of mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid metabolism. Lipid deficiency dramatically reprogramed pathways associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and NADPH regeneration, altering the mitochondrial function of cells and driving flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Lipid supplementation mitigates this metabolic reprogramming and increases oxidative metabolism. These results demonstrate that self-renewing hPSCs can present distinct metabolic states and highlight the importance of medium nutrients on mitochondrial function and development.
Effect of Silicon Carbide in Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Based Metal Matrix Composites (2020)

Abstract Metal Matrix Composites are a class of composites with evaluated properties that get another perspective of material structure and are generally utilized in the aviation and automobile industry. These materials have the properties of both the base matrix material as well as the reinforced materials. These metal matrix composites have low residual stress and thermal residual stresses. Due to this concept, the materials posses enhanced adhesive bonding between the matrix and reinforcements. Aluminium alloy with silicon carbide is applicable where hardness and toughness are the requirements. Metal Matrix Composites are designed in order to have the combined properties of both metals and ceramics. The specimens are fabricated for various proportions of the materials. In the fabrication, it begins with Aluminium alloy and Silicon carbide. The specimen is evaluated for diverse mechanical tests, and the experimental result is the pure aluminium undergoes more wear when compared to the reinforced specimen.
Quenching of Singlet Molecular Oxygen by Polyolefin Additives in Carbon Disulfide Solution (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuenching of Singlet Molecular Oxygen by Polyolefin Additives in Carbon Disulfide SolutionJ. Flood, K. E. Russell, and J. K. S. WanCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 5, 669–671Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60035a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60035a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
4-Substituted nicotinic acids and nicotinamides. Part II. The preparation of 4-methylnicotinamide riboside (1969)

An improved method for the synthesis of nicotinamide ribosides is described. Nicotinamide and 4-methylnicotinamide condense with 3,5-di-O-benzoly-D-ribofuranosyl chloride to give the dibenzoylribofuranosides in good yield. The ribosides obtained by mild hydrolysis contain predominantly the β-anomer.
Fault-Tolerant Routing for Irregular-Topology-Based Network-on-Chips (2014)

The designers favor irregular topologies for Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures due to their lower energy consumptions, lower latencies, and higher throughputs than their regular counterparts. However irregular topologies generally allow only a single path between two communicating nodes. A permanent link failure in the fabrication process may make the entire chip useless because there is no alternative routing option for the transmitted data. In this study, we present a fault-tolerant routing generation algorithm that determines several alternative routing options for irregular-topology-based NoC, which has at least two alternative paths between all of its router pairs. The routing alternatives apply the shortest path routing to minimize the latency and energy consumption and they are stored in routing tables. While the designed NoC with no link failure uses the default optimized routing, we power up the corresponding routing table by external pins of the chip in case of a link failure. The objective of our algorithm is to minimize the number of routing options and to minimize the energy consumption of the alternative routings. Experiments on MP3 Encoder benchmark application show that our method determines routing options covering all single link failure with tolerable area, latency, and energy increase.
Imidization reaction in polyvinylamides (1971)

Abstract Depending on their method of preparation, polyvinylamides can have nitrogen contents which vary from the theoretical value to considerably lower values. Cyanamer P‐250, a polyacrylamide, manufactured by American Cyanamid Corporation, had a nitrogen content of 17.67% compared to the theoretical value of 19.7%. A polyacrylamide prepared in dioxane at 60°C and initiated by benzoyl peroxide, had a nitrogen content of only 15.5%. These low values are ascribed to loss of ammonia via intramolecular imide formation. We have found that when the intramolecular imidization reaction in poly acrylamide and in polymethacrylamide is driven to completion by heating the polymers in dilute solution, very close to 33% of the amide groups remain unreacted. Thus, unlike poly(methyl vinyl ketone) and poly(vinyl chloride), the poly‐vinylamides do not obey Flory's statistical calculation for the random reaction of 1,3 groups in a head‐to‐tail polymer which predicts isolation of only 13.53% of the vinyl residues. Of the various possible explanations, the hypothesis of larger ring formation seems the most plausible, since specific interactions have been shown to exist between widely spaced amide groups in low molecular weight diamides. The infrared spectra of polyacrylimide and polymethacrylimide are presented and compared with those of the corresponding polyvinylamides. When the nitrogen content of polyacrylamide falls to the 14.9–15.4% N range due to imide formation, the polymer becomes water‐insoluble. Because imidization stiffens the polymer chain and introduces weakly acidic groups, the imide content of a polyvinylamide should affect its compatibility with other polymeric systems.
Photoferroelectric effects in BaTiO3 crystals (1994)

Abstract Intrinsic photo-induced changes in the hysteresis response in BaTiO3 single crystals have been observed by the application of ultra-violet (UV) light in combination with an applied bias. This UV/bias treatment suppresses the amount of switchable polarization by over 90%. The photoferroelectric effects observed are reproducible, reversible, and stable. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements were also made to characterize the charge trapping associated with these hysteresis effects. The EPR results suggest that isolated Fe impurity sites are charge trapping centers in these crystals, and follow trends similar to those measured electrically. These results also re-enforce the idea that charge trapping centers can lock certain domain configurations.
Point-cloud-based Model-mediated Teleoperation (2013)

Abstract—In this paper, we extend the concept of model-mediated teleoperation (MMT) to six degrees-of-freedom in com-plex environments using a time-of-flight (ToF) camera. Compared to the original MMT method, the remote environment is no longer approximated by a simple planar surface, but by a point cloud model. Thus, object surfaces with complex geometry can be used in MMT. In our proposed system, the point cloud model is captured by the ToF camera with high temporal resolution (up to 160fps) and a flexible work range (10cm to 5m). Updating the model of the remote environment while the robot is in operation is thus easier compared to the original MMT approach. The point cloud model is transmitted from the teleoperator to the operator using a lossless H.264 codec. In addition, a simple point-cloud-based haptic rendering algorithm is adopted to generate the force feedback signal directly from the point cloud model without first converting it into polygons. Moreover, to compensate for the estimation error of the point cloud model, adaptive position and force control schemes are applied to enable stable and transparent teleoperation. Our experiments demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of utilizing the proposed method in MMT. I.
Analysis of functional MRI time‐series (1994)

Abstract A method for detecting significant and regionally specific correlations between sensory input and the brain's physiological response, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is presented in this paper. The method involves testing for correlations between sensory input and the hemodynamic response after convolving the sensory input with an estimate of the hemodynamic response function. This estimate is obtained without reference to any assumed input. To lend the approach statistical validity, it is brought into the framework of statistical parametric mapping by using a measure of cross‐correlations between sensory input and hemodynamic response that is valid in the presence of intrinsic autocorrelations. These autocorrelations are necessarily present, due to the hemodynamic response function or temporal point spread function. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of Mandibular Movement Monitoring With Machine Learning Analysis for the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2020)

Automatic analysis of MM patterns provided reliable performance in RDI calculation. The use of this index in OSA diagnosis appears to be promising.
Dos torres y Fisac. (1999)

Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential, fat-soluble vitamin that plays critical roles in embryonic development, vision, immunity, and reproduction. Severe vitamin A deficiency results in profound embryonic dysgenesis, blindness, and infertility. The roles of bioactive vitamin A metabolites in regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, and immune cell function form the basis of their clinical use in the treatment of dermatologic conditions and hematologic malignancies. Increasingly, vitamin A also has been recognized to play important roles in cardiometabolic health, including the regulation of adipogenesis, energy partitioning, and lipoprotein metabolism. While these roles are strongly supported by animal and in vitro studies, they remain poorly understood in human physiology and disease. This review briefly introduces vitamin A biology and presents the key preclinical data that have generated interest in vitamin A as a mediator of cardiometabolic health. The review also summarizes clinical studies performed to date, highlighting the limitations of many of these studies and the ongoing controversies in the field. Finally, additional perspectives are suggested that may help position vitamin A metabolism within a broader biological context and thereby contribute to enhanced understanding of vitamin A's complex roles in clinical cardiometabolic disease.
Training Design for Joint CFO and Channel Estimation in Multiuser MIMO OFDM System (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of optimal training for joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel estimation in multiuser MIMO OFDM systems, where each user can utilize all available subcarriers. To choose the training sequence with the goal of providing the smallest estimation mean square error (MSE), the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is derived in close-form. However, little insight on the sequence selection can be obtained from the CRB directly due to its complicated dependence on training sequence and channel parameters. To proceed, asymptotic CRB, which has a much simpler dependence on the training, is derived. It is found that the optimal training sequences should be individually white and uncorrelated with each other. Simulation results illustrate the merits of the proposed training design.
A Phenomenological Model for the Quantum Capacitance of Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene Devices (2011)

Graphene nanostructures exhibit an intrinsic advantage in relation to the gate delay in three-terminal devices and provide additional benefits when operate in the quantum capacitance limit. In this paper, we developed a simple model that captures the Fermi energy and temperature dependence of the quantum capacitance for monolayer and bilayer graphene devices. Quantum capacitance is calculated from the broadened density of states taking into account electron-hole puddles and possible finite lifetime of electronic states through a Gaussian broadening distribution. The obtained results are in agreement with many features recently observed in quantum capacitance measurements on both gated monolayer and bilayer graphene devices. The temperature dependence of the minimum quantum capacitance around the charge neutrality point is also investigated.
Cryopreservation of Rye Protoplasts by Vitrification (1990)

A procedure has been developed for the vitrification of mesophyll protoplasts isolated from leaves of nonacclimated (NA) and cold-acclimated (ACC) winter rye seedlings (Secale cereale L. cv Puma). The procedure involves (a) equilibration (loading) of the protoplasts with an intermediate concentration (1.5, 1.75, or 2.0 molar) of ethylene glycol (EG) at 20 degrees C; (b) dehydration of the protoplasts in a concentrated vitrification solution made of 7 molar EG + 0.88 molar sorbitol + 6% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 0 degrees C; (c) placing the protoplasts into polypropylene straws and quenching in liquid nitrogen (LN(2)); and (d) recovery of the protoplasts from LN(2) and removal (unloading) of the vitrification solution. For NA protoplasts, 47 + 1% survival was obtained following recovery from LN(2) if the protoplasts were first loaded with 1.75 molar EG prior to the dehydration step. However, to achieve this level of survival, NA protoplasts had to be unloaded in a hypertonic (2.0 osmolal [osm]) sorbitol solution. If they were unloaded in an isotonic solution (0.53 osm), survival was 3+/-2%. In contrast, survival of ACC protoplasts following recovery from LN(2) was 34 +/- 10% when the protoplasts were loaded in a 2.0 molar EG solution and unloaded in an isotonic sorbitol solution (1.03 osm). If ACC protoplasts were unloaded in an hypertonic sorbitol solution (1.5 osm), survival was 51 +/- 9%. These results indicate that the osmotic excursions incurred during the procedure are a major factor affecting survival.
A Study of Isotopic Dilution as a Method for Relating Phosphorus Retention to Availability of Phosphorus in Widely Different Soils (1964)

Abstract Six soils which were considered different with respect to release and retention of P were limed and allowed to equilibrate with a constant amount of P 32 and 25, 100, and 400 ppm. of P 31 by alternate wetting and drying 4 times prior to seeding Turghi millet and Tokyo buckwheat. The objective was to relate P retention characteristics to “availability of P” in different soils. “Active solid phase P” as determined by isotopic dilution was found to be an index of the amount of “available P” contained in a soil. A constant proportion of the active solid phase P was not in solution or removed from all soils by any of the extracting reagents. The percent active solid phase P removed by all extractants was affected by the rates of added P. From the results it was concluded that the percent active solid phase P removed by Bray's No. 1 extractant from each soil type was an index of its retention characteristics, if the native active solid phase P was in equilibrium with the added P 32 .
Cell radius inaccuracy: a new measure of coverage reliability (1998)

A robust method for determining the boundaries of cells and the associated reliability of the radio frequency (RF) coverage within these boundaries is presented. The procedure accurately determines the effective cell radius using a linear regression of the RF signal strength samples. The accuracy of this estimate is quantified both as a radius uncertainty (e.g., /spl plusmn/100 m) and as a coverage (i.e., area/edge) reliability error through: (1) simulation; (2) analysis of real data; and (3) theoretical analysis. It is shown that if the estimate of the cell radius meets the desired accuracy, then the corresponding estimates of coverage reliability (both area and edge) are more than sufficiently accurate. Through a sensitivity analysis, it is discovered that estimating the cell radius is a much more critical step in determining the quality of RF coverage than the more common practice of simply estimating the area reliability. In addition, a formula for estimating area reliability is given and shown to be more accurate than can be obtained by current approaches. The verification method presented is particularly useful in wireless planning since it effectively determines the geographic extent of reliable RF coverage. It is recommended that radio survey analyses select cell radius estimation as the preferred method of coverage verification.
The use of fuzzy relational thesauri for classificatory problem solving in information retrieval and expert systems (1993)

The problem-solving strategy applied in knowledge-based systems may often be characterized as classification. Central to classification is computation of the degree to which an object is an instance of a given class (concept, category). Two kinds of problems, namely object-querying and class-querying, as exemplified by, respectively, information retrieval systems and expert systems, are distinguished. In the first kind, the problem is to identify the objects (e.g. documents) to which a given concept (the query) applies. In the second kind, the problem is to identify the concepts (categories) that apply to a given object (the observation). A fuzzy-set-based scheme for construction of efficient problem solving systems of the two kinds is developed. The problem of vocabulary mismatch in information retrieval is considered, and the scheme is proposed as a solution to this problem. The knowledge base applies a term-centered representation form called a fuzzy relational thesaurus. To avoid recomputation of deductive information in problem-solving tasks, the deductive closure of the knowledge base is derived at the outset. This closure is computed in O(n/sup 3/) time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Models, protocols, and architectures for secure pervasive computing: challenges and research directions (2004)

We explore the challenges and research directions in building models, protocols and architectures to support security in pervasive computing environments. We argue that to be successful, efforts to build these would have to recognize from the onset that pervasive computing settings are complex socio-technical system and would thus have to go beyond traditional system-centric approaches to analyzing and designing security.
Aorto-right atrial fistula secondary to infective endocarditis presenting with cardiogenic shock (2010)

Candan, Ozkan; Gecmen, Cetin; Guler, Ahmet; Karabay, Can Yucel; Aung, Soe M.; Agus, Hicaz Z.; Sonmez, Kenan Author Information
Effect and control of hatch length on material properties in the direct metal laser sintering process (2005)

As one of the advanced rapid prototyping and manufacturing processes, the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process gives designers the possibility of building parts of almost any complexity in a wide range of metal materials. In DMLS, the sintered material is anisotropic and heterogeneous, affecting the quality and performance of the built parts. This paper presents a study that focuses on these two material characteristics and proposes a method to control them. Firstly, a series of experiments have been designed and conducted to study the influence of material anisotropy and heterogeneity on the built part strength. The heterogeneity was analysed and the microstructural changes due to different hatch line lengths were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The relationship between the hatch line length and the part quality is derived on the basis of experimental data collected and an appropriate statistical analysis applied. A genetic algorithm method is also proposed to optimize the hatch direction for obtaining more homogeneous sintered material properties. The experimental results verify that the negative effect of varying hatch lines in the early sintering process can be controlled effectively.
Overexpression of wild-type and dominant negative mutant vimentin subunits in developing Xenopus embryos. (1990)

Vimentin belongs to the diverse multigene family of intermediate filament proteins, each member of which is expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated pattern. The existence of vimentin filaments has been documented in oocytes, eggs, and early embryos of Xenopus laevis, but the role of these cytoskeletal components remains unknown. To investigate the functions of vimentin during early development in Xenopus, we induced the overexpression of wild-type and deletion mutant subunits in most of the cells of embryos by injecting synthetic RNA into fertilized eggs. Wild-type vimentin subunits, as well as subunits lacking most of the amino-terminal head piece, assembled into normal appearing filaments in vivo. Deletion mutants of the fourth alpha-helical rod domain were assembly incompetent and dominantly inhibited the polymerization of wild-type subunits when both types of subunit were co-expressed in cells. Expression of at least a tenfold excess of wild-type or mutant subunits within cells of embryos did not lead to any detectable morphological or developmental abnormalities, suggesting that the presence and proper regulation of vimentin expression is not essential during the initial stages of embryogenesis in Xenopus.