gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time rigid motion segmentation using grid-based optical flow (2017)

In the paper, we propose a rigid motion segmentation algorithm with the grid-based optical flow. The algorithm selects several adjacent points among grid-based optical flows to estimate motion hypothesis based on a so-called entropy and generates motion hypotheses between two images, thus separates objects which move independently of each other. The grid-based entropy is accumulated as a new motion hypothesis generated and the high value of entropy means that the motion has been estimated inaccurately in the corresponding grid. The motion hypothesis is estimated by three-dimensional rigid transformation and classified by the open-source implementation of density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). For the evaluation of the proposed algorithm, we use a self-made dataset captured by ASUS Xtion Pro live RGB-D camera. Our algorithm implemented in the unoptimized MATLAB code spends 170 ms of average computational time per frame, showing the potential for the application to the robust real-time visual odometry.
Evaluation of serologic and viral detection methods for diagnosing feline herpesvirus-1 infection in cats with acute respiratory tract or chronic ocular disease (1999)

Because FHV-1 can be detected commonly in clinically normal cats by the IFA assay or VI, neither test appears to aid in the clinical diagnosis of FHV-1 infection. Seroprevalence does not appear to vary between affected and clinically normal cats. SN, ELISA, VI, and the IFA assay appear to be of limited value in the diagnosis of FHV-1-associated disease in cats. Concurrent assessment of the IFA assay and VI results may permit exclusion of FHV-1 as an etiologic agent if results of both tests are negative.
Mixture models reveal multiple positional bias types in RNA-Seq data and lead to accurate transcript concentration estimates (2017)

Accuracy of transcript quantification with RNA-Seq is negatively affected by positional fragment bias. This article introduces Mix2 (rd. "mixquare"), a transcript quantification method which uses a mixture of probability distributions to model and thereby neutralize the effects of positional fragment bias. The parameters of Mix2 are trained by Expectation Maximization resulting in simultaneous transcript abundance and bias estimates. We compare Mix2 to Cufflinks, RSEM, eXpress and PennSeq; state-of-the-art quantification methods implementing some form of bias correction. On four synthetic biases we show that the accuracy of Mix2 overall exceeds the accuracy of the other methods and that its bias estimates converge to the correct solution. We further evaluate Mix2 on real RNA-Seq data from the Microarray and Sequencing Quality Control (MAQC, SEQC) Consortia. On MAQC data, Mix2 achieves improved correlation to qPCR measurements with a relative increase in R2 between 4% and 50%. Mix2 also yields repeatable concentration estimates across technical replicates with a relative increase in R2 between 8% and 47% and reduced standard deviation across the full concentration range. We further observe more accurate detection of differential expression with a relative increase in true positives between 74% and 378% for 5% false positives. In addition, Mix2 reveals 5 dominant biases in MAQC data deviating from the common assumption of a uniform fragment distribution. On SEQC data, Mix2 yields higher consistency between measured and predicted concentration ratios. A relative error of 20% or less is obtained for 51% of transcripts by Mix2, 40% of transcripts by Cufflinks and RSEM and 30% by eXpress. Titration order consistency is correct for 47% of transcripts for Mix2, 41% for Cufflinks and RSEM and 34% for eXpress. We, further, observe improved repeatability across laboratory sites with a relative increase in R2 between 8% and 44% and reduced standard deviation.
The optimal root loci of linear multivariable systems (1978)

Optimally regulated linear systems possess a number of properties attractive to the designer of feedback control loops. On account of these properties both the optimal controller and the compensated system have formed the subject of extensive research in recent years. One aspect of the behaviour of optimal systems which has received little attention, however, concerns the movement of the closed-loop poles of optimal systems when the weight on the control effort in the index of performance is relaxed to arbitrarily low levels. Relevant results on this topic have been derived for scalar systems only while extensions of these to the multivariable case have been presented in a qualitative manner only with the exception of the lowest order of behaviour for which some explicit results exist. Here a new root-locus approach is used in order to study all orders of behaviour. The results derived relate the asymptotic behaviour of the poles of the optimal system to that of the original system and for this reason more light is cast onto the function of the optimal controller. Explicit results are given for all orders up to five although the symmetric nature of the pattern of behaviour established enables by conjecture the extension of these results to all orders. A numerical example is included at the end of this paper for the purposes of illustration.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Tested against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Various Resistance Patterns Isolated in U.S. Hospitals (2011-2012) (2013)

Ceftolozane/tazobactam, a novel antimicrobial agent with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (including drug-resistant strains) and other common Gram-negative pathogens (including most extended-spectrum-β-lactamase [ESBL]-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains), and comparator agents were susceptibility tested by a reference broth microdilution method against 7,071 Enterobacteriaceae and 1,971 P. aeruginosa isolates. Isolates were collected consecutively from patients in 32 medical centers across the United States during 2011 to 2012. Overall, 15.7% and 8.9% of P. aeruginosa isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR), and 8.4% and 1.2% of Enterobacteriaceae were classified as MDR and XDR. No pandrug-resistant (PDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolates and only one PDR P. aeruginosa isolate were detected. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was the most potent (MIC50/90, 0.5/2 μg/ml) agent tested against P. aeruginosa and demonstrated good activity against 310 MDR strains (MIC50/90, 2/8 μg/ml) and 175 XDR strains (MIC50/90, 4/16 μg/ml). Ceftolozane/tazobactam exhibited high overall activity (MIC50/90, 0.25/1 μg/ml) against Enterobacteriaceae and retained activity (MIC50/90, 4/>32 μg/ml) against many 601 MDR strains but not against the 86 XDR strains (MIC50, >32 μg/ml). Ceftolozane/tazobactam was highly potent (MIC50/90, 0.25/0.5 μg/ml) against 2,691 Escherichia coli isolates and retained good activity against most ESBL-phenotype E. coli isolates (MIC50/90, 0.5/4 μg/ml), but activity was low against ESBL-phenotype Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (MIC50/90, 32/>32 μg/ml), explained by the high rate (39.8%) of meropenem coresistance observed in this species phenotype. In summary, ceftolozane/tazobactam demonstrated high potency and broad-spectrum activity against many contemporary Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolates collected in U.S. medical centers. Importantly, ceftolozane/tazobactam retained potency against many MDR and XDR strains.
Generation of a Neutrophil Chemotactic Agent by Spermatozoa: Role of Complement and Regulation by Seminal Plasma Factors (1976)

The interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, spermatozoa, seminal plasma, and serum have been examined in an in vitro leukocyte chemotaxis system. Bovine or human spermatozoa have no neutrophil chemotactic activity alone, but generate potent activity when incubated with serum. Generation of this activity requires magnesium, but not calcium ions and is blocked by pre-heating the serum. Chemotactic activity is generated normally in serum deficient in immunoglobulins or C4, but is not produced in serum deficient in C3. Thus, spermatozoa activate complement via the alternative pathway. The chemotactically active agent has been identified as the low m.w. C5 cleavage product (C5a) on the basis of heat stability, gel filtration characteristics, and specific inhibition by anti-serum to C5. The spermatozoal constituents responsible for complement activation are largely heat stable, resistant to diisopropyfluorophosphate and on gel filtration compise a heterogeneous group of large m.w. materials. Bovine seminal plasma has no neutrophil chemotactic activity alone; considerable activity, however, is generated by incubating low, but not high concentrations of seminal plasma with serum. The chemotactic agent produced in serum is C5a. Bovine seminal plasma also contains potent heat labile inhibitors of chemotaxis. Two distinct inhibitors differing in m.w. (50 to 100,000 and 15,000) and heat stability have been isolated. The inhibitors appear to act directly on the neutrophil rather than on the chemotactic factor. Human seminal plasma exhibits slight chemotactic activity alone but does not generate significant additional activity on incubation with serum. In contrast to the inhibitory activity of bovine seminal plasma, the human material contains heat-stable, nondialyzable factors which enhance the neutrophil chemotactic response. These studies document a specific mechanism for the directed migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes toward spermatozoa. The findings may provide an explanation for the observed in vivo leukocyte accumulation in the female genital tract in association with spermatozoa and seminal plasma. The biologic significance of this phenomenon relates to potential leukocyte-spermatozoa interaction which may influence the likelihood of fertilization.
Advanced Active Filtering in a Single Phase High Frequency AC Microgrid (2006)

In this paper a single phase high frequency AC (HFAC) microgrid is presented as an exciting step towards integrating renewable energy sources in a distributed generation system. A very important task in the microgrid is to control the power flow between the microgrid and the local grid, which can be accomplished by using an active filtering solution called universal active power line conditioner (UPLC). Besides, for optimum HFAC bus utilization, it is extremely important to compensate for reactive power, load current harmonics resulted from non-linear loads, and voltage distortions resulting from the source and/or converter non-linearity. A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), which integrates shunt and series active filters, is a power electronic solution to accomplish all these functions. The controllers for both the UPQC and UPLC are based on the instantaneous single phase p-q theory and the results obtained show that the successful implementation of HFAC microgrid with adequate power flow and power quality control ensuring the improved system utilization
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis—An Overview (2005)

Since the early 1990s, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been expanding in scope and applications. Selection of female embryos to avoid X-linked disease was carried out first by polymerase chain reaction, then by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and an ever-increasing number of tests for monogenic diseases have been developed. Couples with chromosome rearrangements such as Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations form a large referral group for most PGD centers and present a special challenge, due to the large number of genetically unbalanced embryos generated by meiotic segregation. Early protocols used blastomeres biopsied from cleavage-stage embryos; testing of first and second polar bodies is now a routine alternative, and blastocyst biopsy can also be used. More recently, the technology has been harnessed to provide PGD-AS, or aneuploidy screening. FISH probes specific for chromosomes commonly found to be aneuploid in early pregnancy loss are used to test blastomeres for aneuploidy, with the aim of replacing euploid embryos and increasing pregnancy rates in groups of women who have poor IVF success rates. More recent application of PGD to areas such as HLA typing and social sex selection have stoked public controversy and concern, while provoking interesting ethical debates and keeping PGD firmly in the public eye.
Photoinitiators with functional groups. III. Water‐soluble photoinitiators containing carbohydrate residues (1995)

Abstract A series of new water‐soluble photoinitiators (PIs) for UV curing of water‐borne systems was synthesized by covalent bonding of carbohydrate residues such as D‐glucose, sucrose, maltose, 1‐amino‐D‐sorbitol and D‐gluconicacid‐δ‐lactone to the commercially available PI 2‐hydroxy‐1‐[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐ethoxy)phenyl]‐2‐methylpropan‐1‐one (Darocur 2959) ( 1 ). In addition, new functional derivatives of 1 containing tosyl‐ or chloride residues as well as primary or secondary amino groups were prepared. Preliminary photocalorimetric tests of the activity demonstrated excellent efficiencies of the PIs in a commercial water‐based acrylate formulation exceeding the photoactivity of the reference PI ( 1 ) substantially. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Specifying and measuring quality of service in distributed object systems (2002)

Distributed applications are difficult to build and maintain and are even more difficult when the applications are distributed over wide-area networks. Distributed Object Computing middleware has emerged to simplify the building of distributed applications by hiding implementation details behind functional interfaces. However, critical applications have non-functional requirements, such as real-time performance, dependability, or security, that are as important as the functional requirements, but are also hidden by the middleware. Because current distributed object middleware doesn't support these aspects of critical applications, application developers often find themselves bypassing the distributed object systems, effectively gaining little or no advantage from the middleware. We have developed Quality Objects (QuO), a framework for including Quality of Service (QoS) in distributed object applications. QuO supports the specification of QoS contracts between clients and service providers, runtime monitoring of contracts, and adaptation to changing system conditions. A crucial aspect of QuO is a suite of Quality Description Languages for describing states of QoS, system elements that need to be monitored to measure the current QoS, and notification and adaptation to trigger when the state of QoS in the system changes. This paper gives a brief overview of QuO and describes the syntax and semantics of CDL, the component of QDL for describing QoS contracts.
A family of new efficient arrays for matrix multiplication (1989)

The authors present a regular iterative algorithm for matrix multiplication and show that several well-known matrix multiplication arrays are directly obtained from it, differing only in the choice of iteration vector. They then present a regular iterative algorithm for matrix multiplication using the S. Winograd method (1968) and show in detail how to derive one array from this algorithmic description. Other arrays in the same family can similarly be obtained for different choices of the iteration space. The new arrays compute the product of two matrices faster than available conventional arrays and use a smaller number of processor cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inactivation of aflatoxins in peanut and cottonseed meals by ammoniation (1971)

Abstract Aflatoxins in peanut and cottonseed meal can be inactivated by treatment with gaseous ammonia. In pilot plant runs, contaminated peanut meal was ammoniated at two levels each of moisture content, reaction time, temperature and ammonia pressure. Thin layer chromatography indicated that ammoniation inactivated the aflatoxins (121 ppb) in the meal to a nondetectable level. With a similar treatment, total aflatoxins (350 ppb) in cottonseed meal were reduced to 4 ppb. A series of runs was made with large scale equipment using cottonseed meal containing an average of 519 ppb total aflatoxins. Under optimum processing conditions, aflatoxin content of this meal was reduced to below 5 ppb and non‐detectable levels.
A water-soluble carbon nanotube network conjugated by nanoparticles with defined nanometre gaps (2011)

Cage-shaped proteins with an affinity for carbonaceous materials were constructed and used to assemble a nanostructure in which single-walled carbon nanotubes are surrounded by cobalt oxide nanoparticles with nanometre gaps. By changing the size of proteins and materials incorporated inside the cavity, similar structures with distinctively different properties can be fabricated.
Hardware-compatible vertex compression using quantization and simplification (2005)

We present a vertex compression technique suitable for efficient decompression on graphics hardware. Given a user-specified number of bits per vertex, we automatically allocate bits to vertex attributes for quantization to maximize quality, guided by an image-space error metric. This allocation accounts for the constraints of graphics hardware by packing the quantized attributes into bins associated with the hardware's vectorized vertex data elements. We show that this general approach is also applicable if the user specifies a total desired model size. We present an algorithm that integrally combines vertex decimation and attribute quantization to produce the best quality model for a user-specified data size. Such models have an appropriate balance between the number of vertices and the number of bits per vertex.Vertex data is transmitted to and optionally stored in video memory in the compressed form. The vertices are decompressed on-the-fly using a vertex program at rendering time. Our algorithms not only work well within the constraints of current graphics hardware but also generalize to a setting where these constraints are relaxed. They apply to models with a wide variety of vertex attributes, providing new tools for optimizing space and bandwidth constraints of interactive graphics applications.
A Supersonic Plasma Jet Source for Controlled and Efficient Thin Film Deposition (2012)

A novel plasma source suitable for controllable nanostructured thin film deposition processes is proposed. It exploits the separation of the process in two distinct phases. First precursor dissociation and radical formation is performed in a dense oxidizing plasma. Then nucleation and aggregation of molecular clusters occur during the expansion into vacuum of a supersonic jet. This allows a superior control of cluster size and energy in the process of film growth. Characterization of the plasma state and source performances in precursor dissociation have been investigated. The performances of this new Plasma Assisted Supersonic Jet Deposition technique were demonstrated using organic compounds of titanium to obtain TiO2 thin nanostructured films.
The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain: Clinical Evaluation Compared with Screening Tools in a Community Population (2009)

The estimated rates and personal characteristics of community residents with "neuropathic pain" vary widely depending on the tools used to identify neuropathic pain. None of the screening tools compared well with clinical evaluation. The differences in the groups identified by alternative screening methods become of major importance when reporting neuropathic pain epidemiology, studying therapies for neuropathic pain, or attempting to translate neuropathic pain research into clinical practice.
Theory of vibrational relaxation of polyatomic molecules in liquids (1994)

A simple tractable theory of vibrational relaxation of polyatomic molecules in polyatomic solvents, which is also applicable to solid solutions, is presented. The theory takes as its starting point Fermi’s golden rule, avoids additional assumptions such as the rotating wave or random phase approximations, and treats both the internal degrees of freedom of the relaxing molecule and the bath degrees of freedom in a fully quantum mechanical manner. The results yield intuitively understandable expressions for the relaxation rates. The treatment of the annihilation as well as the creation of all participating bosons allows the theory to go beyond earlier analyses which treated only cascade processes. New predicted features include temperature effects and asymmetry effects in the frequency dependence. The theory is constructed in a manner which facilitates the use of recent developments in the analysis of instantaneous normal modes of liquids.
Composing a Self (2002)

Only ‘[a]fter integration’, writes Donald Winnicott, ‘the infant begins to have a self; as he describes it, the process begins with ‘a collection of impulses and sensations’ which gradually stabilise through repetition and memory.4 Chapter 2 considered complex fictional histories which evoked unintegrated states of ‘infantile chaos’ in passivity and idleness; images of division announce the labour of putting anarchic primary impulses for gratification to work in the service of personal and national unity. Adult identity, in Byrd’s, Thomson’s, Cheyne’s, Irving’s and Scott’s narratives of Lubberland, follows the establishment of firm boundaries between internal and external states (in many senses of the word). These ‘histories’ of personal and national development sanction the temporary occupation of indulgent, fragmentary realms of imagination where primitive desires enjoy defiant if doomed triumph over the forces of Industry which come to unite and subdue them to participation in the public realm. The History of the Dividing Line, The Castle of Indolence, A History of New York and Scott’s ‘Dutch’ novels are all fully ‘composed’ public works: the amorphous state they offer is made possible in each case by the writer’s prior act of rhetorical and imaginative control. Thematically, emotionally, and formally, these are stories of plenitude.
Thin Film Biosensor for Rapid Visual Detection of Nucleic Acid Targets (1999)

The biosensor surface is inexpensive to produce, and the assay format is simple and rapid. The thin film biosensor is adaptable to a wide variety of nucleic acid detection applications, including rapid diagnostic testing for infectious disease panels, antibiotic resistance panels, or allelic discrimination of specific genetic markers.
Initial filling mechanism of predominant water adsorption on hydrophobic slit-shaped carbon nanopores (2009)

Predominant water adsorption in hydrophobic slit-shaped carbon nanopores begins at a threshold pressure of water vapor. Adsorption of water vapor was faster for pores of 0.7 nm in width than for pores of 1.1 nm in width. The formation of water dimers is the rate-determining step of the water adsorption from analysis of the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption amount from grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation oscillated with the calculation cycle up to an adsorption amount of 30 mg ml-1 and then steadily increased to an equilibrium adsorption amount. The Gibbs free energy change with the cluster size of water molecules has a barrier for the cluster growth below the critical adsorption density. The snapshot analysis of the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation showed that formation of nanoscale clusters of water molecules begins just at the critical density of 30 mg ml-1. Then the nanoscale cluster formation should be essential to induce the predominant adsorption at the threshold pressure corresponding to the critical adsorption density.