gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical design of chaotic waveforms with enhanced targeting capabilities (2018)

We develop a statistical theory of waveform shaping of incident waves that aims to efficiently deliver energy at weakly lossy targets which are embedded inside chaotic or weakly disordered enclosures such as body cavities, buildings, vessels, etc. Our approach utilizes the universal features of chaotic scattering, thus minimizing the use of information related to the exact characteristics of the chaotic enclosure. The proposed theory applies equally well to systems with and without time-reversal symmetry and will find applications in diverse areas of applied physics involving wave-front shaping for targeted energy transfer in complex environments.
Iron-Oxide Labeling and Outcome of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Infarcted Myocardium (2007)

At 4 weeks after transplantation of SPIO-labeled MSCs, the transplanted cells are not present in the scar and the enhanced MRI signals arise from cardiac macrophages that engulfed the SPIO nanoparticles. However, both labeled and unlabeled cells attenuate left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Alkoxyalkyl Derivatives of 9-(<i>S</i>)-(3-Hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine against Cytomegalovirus and Orthopoxviruses (2006)

9-(S)-(3-Hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine [(S)-HPMPA] was one of the first acyclic nucleoside phosphonates described and has been reported to have good antiviral activity against most double-stranded DNA viruses, including the herpes group viruses and the orthopoxviruses. However, (S)-HPMPA is not orally bioavailable and has not been developed for clinical use. We have prepared orally bioavailable lipid esters of (S)-HPMPA and report their synthesis and antiviral evaluation against cytomegalovirus and orthopoxviruses. These esters were evaluated in vitro in cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), vaccinia (VV), and cowpox viruses (CV). The most active compound, oleyloxyethyl-(S)-HPMPA, was found to have EC50 value of 0.003 microM against HCMV vs 1.4 microM for unmodified HPMPA. In cells infected with VV and CV, octadecyloxyethyl-(S)-HPMPA had EC50 values of 0.01-0.02 microM versus 2.7-4.0 microM for unmodified HPMPA. When compared with the alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir, the corresponding alkoxyalkyl esters of (S)-HPMPA were equally active against HCMV and MCMV but were 15-20-fold more active against VV and CV in vitro. The alkoxyalkyl esters of (S)-HPMPA are promising new compounds worthy of further investigation for treatment of infections caused by herpes viruses and orthopoxviruses.
Influence of facet reflection on the performance of a DFB laser integrated with an optical amplifier/modulator (1992)

The influence of output facet reflection on characteristics of a monolithically integrated optical device consisting of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser and an optical amplifier/modulator is analyzed. Basic equations used for the analysis are the characteristic equation for a DFB laser and the rate equations. As a result, it is known that static and dynamic properties of such optical integrated devices are seriously degraded by the optical feedback from the output facet. It is concluded that the power reflectivity of the output facet should be reduced to at least less than 0.1% for the integrated region to work as an optical amplifier and less than 0.01% as an intensity modulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2,2':5',2″-Terpyrrole<sup>1a</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,2':5',2″-Terpyrrole1aHenry Rapoport, Neal Castagnoli Jr., and Kenneth G. HoldenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 4, 883–885Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01027a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01027a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An explicit relationship between time-domain noise correlation and spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) results (2010)

The success of recent ambient noise tomographic studies is now understood to arise due to cross-correlation properties documented in the acoustics community since the 1950s. However, despite the fact that Aki's 1957 spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) work yields identical analytical results to certain noise correlation results, the precise relationship between SPAC and time-domain cross-correlation remains not entirely transparent. Here, we present an explicit comparison of the two approaches and clarify that SPAC theory is indeed equivalent to the cross-correlation theory used for recent noise tomography studies. This equivalence allows theoretical work from each field to be applied to the other, and we illustrate a few examples of this.
Modified structures for power-efficient level translators (2013)

Reducing the supply voltage of a digital integrated circuit decreases the power consumption and also the circuit speed. One effective way for low-power design of digital integrated circuits is to employ two or multiple supply voltages in a way that smaller voltages are employed for slower circuits and larger voltages for faster blocks. This, however, necessitates the use of interface blocks called level converters or level translators. In this paper, two modified structures are proposed for low-power implementation of level converters. Simulation results of the circuits in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology confirm the power efficiency of the proposed circuits.
18 F-florbetaben Ab imaging in mild cognitive impairment (2013)

Introduction: 18 F-florbetaben and positron emission tomography were used to examine the relationships between b-amyloid (Ab) deposition, cognition, hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensities in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Forty-five MCI participants were evaluated. A neocortical standardized uptake value ratio threshold ≥ 1.45 was used to discriminate high from low Ab burden. Correlations were adjusted for age, gender and years of education. Results: High Ab burden was found in 53% of MCI. Regression analyses showed standardized uptake value ratio (r = -0.51, P = 0.0015) and hippocampal volume (r = 0.60, P = 0.024) both contributing to episodic memory impairment in independent fashion. White matter hyperintensities correlated with nonmemory cognition, and this correlation was particularly associated with Ab burden. Conclusion: Higher Ab deposition in MCI is associated with more severe memory impairment and is contributing to early amnestic symptoms independent of hippocampal atrophy.
A NOVEL METHOD OF EARLY FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS FOR TECHNICAL PROCESS (2000)

Based on the analysis of characteristics of two classes of technical process fault and defects of two familiar fault detection and diagnosis methods , this paper introduced an early fault detection and diagnosis method for technical process. Taking advantage of quatitative redundant relationship of some dependent variables or symptoms in the process system after fault happened , the method avoid the lag which often appeared in familiar fault detection and diagnosis methods by utilization of dynamic tread information of the variables or symptoms which is fused through artificial neural network. Theoretical analysis and simulation examples demonstrated that this method could achieve early fault detection and diagnosis for technical process.
Quiksilver (2004)

From Byron's eulogy to the oceans in Childe Harolde's Pilgrimage1 to the seaside epiphany of Stephen Dedalus in James Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man,2 writers have often had a mystical relationship with the power, rhythm and sensuality of the sea. These attributes also inspire surfers to experience the adrenalin-fuelled thrill of riding waves. For dedicated surfers it represents a lifestyle outside of the mainstream with its own experiences and language. For the rest of us, the relationship is more superficial, but we can still wonder at the balance, movement, skill and daredevilry of the rider. To meet the equipment needs of surfing requires an insider perspective, which is why the culture of the largest board riding equipment company, Quiksilver, mirrors that of the sport. As Marketing Director Randy Hild says: These sports have a tremendous personal style. Every participant has a different routine. If you're surfing a wave, each wave is different and the way it is ridden is different. KeywordsGrass RootRetail OutletIndividual CreativityBrand CommunicationCreative DirectorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Design and algorithms for parallel testing of random access and content addressable memories (1987)

This paper presents a design strategy for efficient and comprehensive parallel testing of both Random Access Memory (RAM) and Content Addressable Memory (CAM). Based on this design for testability approach, parallel testing algorithms for CAMs and RAMs are developed for a broad class of pattern sensitive faults. The resulting test procedures are significantly more efficient than previous approaches. For example, the design for testability strategy allows an entire w word CAM to be read in just one operation with a resulting speed up in testing as high as w. In the case of an n bit RAM, the improvement in test efficiency is by a factor of Ο(√n). The overall reduction in testing time is considerable for large size memories.
Animal Models Used in the Screening of Antiepileptic Drugs (2001)

The identification of potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of epilepsy requires the use of seizure models. These models can be either in vivo or in vitro, mechanism specific, mechanism independent, or seizure specific. To be predictive of therapeutic activity in patients, the models should approximate the events that precipitate seizures in humans. Model validation is defined by determining the pharmacologic characteristics using known clinically effective drugs. Mechanism-independent models were used to identify the first antiepileptic drugs [AEDs; e.g., phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (PHT)]. Mechanism-specific models are based on the fundamental process by which seizure propagation and inhibition occurs. Seizure-type models identify a compound's potential based on its effects on electrographic and behavioral response. No single model can be used to identify potential compounds adequately for development. The full pharmacologic-anticonvulsant profile of a potentially useful new therapeutic agent is required to ensure successful development.
2.4GHz energy harvesting for wireless sensor network (2011)

This paper presents the analysis of the performance of charge pump, and the design strategy and efficiency optimization of 2.4GHz micro-power charge pump using 65nm CMOS technology. The model of the charge pump takes account of the threshold voltage variation, bulk modulation, and the major parasitic capacitor. Charge pump is sensitive to the input voltage swing and the actual input voltage swing is less after the capacitor divider, which generates the optimized size transistor. From the mathematic model of the charge pump, the relationship between the charge pump performance and design parameter is presented. After parameter analysis and performance discussion, a design procedure to maximize performance is presented. Corresponding to the design procedure presented in this paper, a high efficiency charge pump at 2.4GHz is presented.
Review of icing detection for helicopters (1962)

An ice detector is a necessary component of any icing protection system for a helicopter, but at present no completely satisfactory instrument for this application exists. A number of methode suitable for the airborne detection of ice (mainly as applied to fixed wing aircraft) are described, and the special problems facing the application to helicopters are discussed. These methods that have been tried on helicopters are reviewed, and it is concluded that tbe most satisfactory detector would be one that detects ice actually at the rotor blade.
Potential Therapeutic Targets for Cardiac Fibrosis (2010)

Fibrosis is one of the largest groups of diseases for which there is no therapy but is believed to occur because of a persistent tissue repair program. During connective tissue repair, "activated" fibroblasts migrate into the wound area, where they synthesize and remodel newly created extracellular matrix. The specialized type of fibroblast responsible for this action is the alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-expressing myofibroblast. Abnormal persistence of the myofibroblast is a hallmark of fibrotic diseases. Proteins such as transforming growth factor (TGF)beta, endothelin-1, angiotensin II (Ang II), connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) appear to act in a network that contributes to myofibroblast differentiation and persistence. Drugs targeting these proteins are currently under consideration as antifibrotic treatments. This review summarizes recent observations concerning the contribution of TGFbeta, endothelin-1, Ang II, CCN2, and PDGF and to fibroblast activation in tissue repair and fibrosis and the potential utility of agents blocking these proteins in affecting the outcome of cardiac fibrosis.
p75 Neurotrophin receptor signaling (2000)

The recent recognition that the p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75((NTR)), can induce apoptotic signals has contributed to the perception that it acts primarily as a death receptor. Although the molecular mechanisms of p75(NTR) signaling remain to be fully characterized, many of the currently identified pathways activated by p75(NTR) may be generally characterized as stress response signals. This review describes recent advances in identifying the molecular components involved in p75(NTR) signal transduction and suggests that p75(NTR) signaling may more aptly serve as a general mechanism for the transduction and modulation of stress signals.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Potassium Polyfluoroalken-1-yltrifluoroborates (2001)

The potassium fluoroborates K[RCF=CFBF3] (R = F, Cl (cis-/trans-mixture), trans-C4F9, cis-C2F5, cis-C6F13, trans-C4H9, trans-C6H5) were prepared by fluoridation (methoxide-fluoride substitution with K[HF2]) of RCF=CFB(OMe)2 and Li[RCF=CFB(OMe)3] which were obtained from RCF=CFLi and B(OMe)3. The K[RCF=CFBF3] salts were characterized by their 1H, 11B, 19F NMR and IR spectra. (Fluororgano)fluorborane und -fluoroborate. 2 [1] Synthese und spektroskopische Charakterisierung von Kalium Polyfluoralken-1-yltrifluoroboraten Die Kalium Fluoroborate K[RCF=CFBF3] (R = F, Cl (cis-/trans-Gemisch), trans-C4F9, cis-C2F5, cis-C6F13, trans-C4H9, trans-C6H5) werden durch Fluoridierung (Methoxid-Fluorid-Substitution mit K[HF2]) von RCF=CFB- (OMe)2 und Li[RCF=CFB(OMe)3] dargestellt. Letztere resultieren aus der Umsetzung von RCF=CFLi mit B(OMe)3. Die K[RCF=CFBF3] Salze werden durch ihre 1H, 11B, 19F NMR und IR Spektren charakterisiert.
HIPERLAN/2 for vehicle-to-vehicle communication (2003)

The objective of the IST project MIND (Mobile IP based network developments) is to facilitate IP-based broadband services for mobile users in various operating environments. Activities within MIND concentrate on the development, optimisation and harmonisation of the appropriate layers involved. The physical (PHY) layer was chosen to base on the high performance radio local area network type 2 standard (HIPERLAN/2). The work presented here demonstrates the applicability of HIPERLAN/2 to scenarios with increased mobility. Initially, HIPERLAN/2 was designed for rather static environments providing hot spot data rates of up to 54 Mbps. Mitigation techniques to overcome the drawbacks of a fast fading environment are thus studied within IST-MIND. The extracted transceiver structures allow the deployment of HIPERLAN/2 in almost any environments currently envisaged. Particularly, the system deployment of HIPERLAN/2 to a vehicle-to-vehicle communication scenario is studied and preliminary system level performance results presented.
Oxidation-Reduction Maintenance in Organ Preservation (1985)

The isolated perfused organ is more sensitive to the toxicity of oxygen since hypothermia reduces the activities of enzymes responsible for minimizing oxygen toxicity. To protect the organ under these conditions reducing agents must be added to the perfusate. Quantitation of the resulting reduction is best obtained by measurement of the oxidation-reduction potential of the perfusate. A device was designed for this purpose and, by electrochemical principle, controlled reduction of the oxidized form of the oxidation-reduction couple was affected. Kidneys were perfused with cryoprecipitated plasma. With the electrochemical cell in the circuit, the oxidation-reduction potential of the perfusate was adjusted by the addition of ascorbic acid and glutathione and the cell was driven by a battery-powered potentiostat. Kidneys subjected to 60 minutes of warm ischemia had optimal survival at -20 mV. Preservation for six days in a monitored group had no survivors, whereas kidneys with oxidation-reduction support maintained life. Optimal oxidation-reduction support maintained life. Optimal oxidation-reduction was at or near -17 mV. These data show a requirement of an optimal oxidation-reduction potential to reverse warm ischemia damage and to prolong the period of ex vivo preservation of isolated perfused organ.
Cyclins: Roles in mitogenic signaling and oncogenic transformation (2006)

Cyclins are the regulatory subunits of kinases that control progress through the cell cycle. This review focuses on cyclins that are targets for extracellular signaling and frequently deregulated during oncogenesis, particularly cyclin D1. Receptor tyrosine kinases and adhesion molecules act through various effector pathways to modulate cyclin D1 abundance at multiple levels including transcription, translation and protein stability. In contrast, cyclin E-Cdk2 activity appears to be more commonly regulated by means other than regulation of cyclin E abundance. The importance of these pathways during oncogenesis is illustrated by the dependence of oncogenes such as Ras and Neu/ErbB2 on cyclin D1. Thus, understanding the roles of cyclins in growth factor and adhesion signaling is important for understanding the biology of both normal and neoplastic cells.
Symposium on Factors Influencing the Voluntary Intake of Herbage by Ruminants: Physiological and Physical Factors Limiting Feed Intake (1966)

Evidence from experiments discussed indicates that the amount of acetic acid (and in some cases other rumen metabolites) presented daily for metabolism by the animal's tissue reduce feed intake. These results suggest that chemostatic mechanisms are important factors in controlling appetite in ruminants. Similarly, thermal stress is manifested by marked reductions in feed intake in sheep and cattle at high environmental temperatures or from eating rations having a high calorigenic effect. Existence of thermosensitive areas in the hypothalamus have been demonstrated. Thus, one is justified in concluding that thermostatic mechanisms may dominate regulation of feed intake independently of other factors. If the concept that the content of undigested feed residues in the digestive tract may be sufficient to physically limit feed intake is accepted as another independent limiting factor, the important limits governing feed intake in ruminants appear to be described.
Synthesis of Gramicidin S Analogues Consisting of Fourteen Amino Acid Residues (1988)

Abstract Four cyclotetradecapeptides related to gramicidin S, cyclo(–Val–Orn–Leu–Leu–d-Phe–Pro–Leu–)2 (14-peptide-1), cyclo(–Val–Orn–Leu–d-Leu–d-Phe–Pro–Leu–)2 (14-peptide-2), cyclo(–Val–Orn–Leu–Leu–d-Phe–Pro–d-Leu–)2 (14-peptide-3), cyclo(–Val–Orn–Leu–d-Leu–d-Phe–Pro–d-Leu–)2 (14-peptide-4), were prepared in order to investigate the contribution of the ring size and the amino acid sequences around the Pro residue to the antibiotic activity and conformation. The CD spectra of these synthetic peptides in ethanol solutions were different from each other, indicating that they possess various conformations in ethanol solutions. 14-Peptides-1, -2, and -3 showed 1/4–1/8 of the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S against the gram-positive microorganisms tested, whereas 14-peptide-4 showed no activity. A clear relationship between CD spectra and the antibiotic activity of these synthetic peptides could not be found.
Fangchinoline as a kinase inhibitor targets FAK and suppresses FAK-mediated signaling pathway in A549 (2014)

<i>Background</i>: Fangchinoline as a novel anti-tumor agent has been paid attention in several types of cancers cells except lung cancer. Here we have investigated the effect of fangchinoline on A549 cells and its underlying mechanism.<i>Purpose</i>: The purpose of this work was to study the effect of fangchinoline on A549 cells.<i>Methods</i>: Four lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H292, NCI-H446, and NCI-H460) were exposed to varying concentrations (10–40 μmol/l) of fangchinoline to observe the effect of fangchinoline on the four lung cancer cell lines and to observe the changes of the lung cancer cell on proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion.<i>Results</i>: Fangchinoline effectively suppressed proliferation and invasion of A549 cell line but not NCI-H292, NCI-H446, and NCI-H460 cell lines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr397) and its downstream pathways, due to the significant differences of Fak expression between A549 and the other three cell lines. And all FAK-paxillin/MMP2/MMP9 pathway, FAK-Akt pathway, and FAK-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway could be inhibited by fangchinoline.<i>Discussion</i>: Fangchinoline effectively suppressed proliferation and invasion of A549 cell line by inhibiting the phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr397) and its downstream pathways.<i>Conclusion</i>: Fangchinoline could inhibit the phosphorylation of FAK<sup>p-Tyr397</sup>, at least partially. Fangchinoline as a kinase inhibitor targets FAK and suppresses FAK-mediated signaling pathway and inhibits the growth and the invasion in tumor cells which highly expressed FAK such as A549 cell line.
The Ekiden Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contracts (2020)

Although smart contracts inherit the availability and other security assurances of the blockchain, they are impeded by lack of confidentiality and poor performance. We present Ekiden, a system that aims to close these critical gaps by combining the blockchain with trusted execution environments.
Multi-Element Meta-Lens Systems for Imaging (2019)

We experimentally demonstrated chromatic and monochromatic aberration correction in a meta-lens triplet system up to a wavelength range of ~300 nm in the near-infrared by utilizing dispersion engineering of meta-atoms. © 2019 The Author(s)