gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SENSITIVITY STUDIES FOR AN IN-SITU PARTIAL DEFECT DETECTOR (PDET) IN SPENT FUEL USING MONTE CARLO TECHNIQUES (2008)

This study presents results from Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations aimed at characterizing a novel methodology being developed to detect partial defects in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) spent fuel assemblies (SFAs). The methodology uses a combination of measured neutron and gamma fields inside a spent fuel assembly in an in-situ condition where no movement of the fuel assembly is required. Previous studies performed on single isolated assemblies resulted in a unique base signature that would change when some of the fuel in the assembly is replaced with dummy fuel. These studies indicate that this signature is still valid in the in-situ condition enhancing the prospect of building a practical tool, Partial Defect Detector (PDET), which can be used in the field for partial defect detection.
Application of Neural Network Methodology to the Modelling of the Yield Strength in a Steel Rolling Plate Mill (1991)

In this paper, a tree based neural network viz. MARS (Friedman, 1991) for the modelling of the yield strength of a steel rolling plate mill is described. The inputs to the time series model are temperature, strain, strain rate, and interpass time and the output is the corresponding yield stress. It is found that the MARS-based model reveals which variable's functional dependence is nonlinear, and significant. The results are compared with those obtained by using a Kalman filter based online tuning method and other classification methods, e.g. CART, C4.5, Bayesian classification. It is found that the MARS-based method consistently outperforms the other methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Cyclization Using Cationic Rh(I) with Chiral Ligand. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quick detection of herpes viruses from skin vesicles and exudates without nucleic acid extraction using multiplex PCR. (2008)

Distinguishing herpes virus infection from other skin diseases is sometimes difficult. This study aims to detect herpes virus DNA by multiplex real-time PCR without nucleic acid extraction in a short period of time. Specimens of cutaneous vesicles and swabs were obtained from 23 patients suspected of having herpes virus infection. These specimens were stored at -80 degrees C after dissolving them in sterilized water. DNA extraction was not performed. Specific real-time PCR primers for herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) were designed. These primers were used to perform realtime PCR with the frozen solution as template. Results clearly revealed a type-specific dissociation curve. Agarose gel electrophoresis was also performed and produced a single band of the expected size. In addition to using multiplex PCR, other steps were used to reduce the time even further. Each experiment took only 2 h to complete; the type of Herpes virus was successfully detected by multiplex real-time PCR without nucleic acid extraction in a short period of time. In conclusion, omission of the nucleic acid extraction step prior to real-time PCR does not negatively affect downstream reactions. Using multiplex PCR may allow more rapid qualitative analysis of HSV1, 2 and VZV.
PP.05.14 (2015)

Objective: Autonomic neuropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes which induces arrhythmia or orthostatic hypotension that would be the potential cardiac dysfunction resulting in morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of autonomic neuropathy toward left ventricular mass in diabetic patients. Design and method: Consecutive 132 diabetic patients (81 men, age 59 ± 14 years) were examined LV structure and autonomic nerve system. We exclude patients with alpha or beta blockade treatment. LV ventricles, septal wall thickness (STd), posterior wall (PWTd), and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) were measured by echocardiography. LV mass was calculated according to Penn's formula and was indexed by body surface area (LVMI). Autonomic nerve system assessed with R-R interval variation and postural blood pressure testing. R-R was examined after 10 minutes rest, and R-R interval measured every 6 deep breath in 1 minute. Results were expressed as heart rate differences. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) was defined as a reduction of systolic blood pressure at least 20mmHg within 2minetes of standing. Results: HbA1c 8.9 ± 2.2%, and blood pressure 132 ± 20 / 71 ± 10 mmHg. In LV structure measurement, mean STd was 9.3 ± 1.4 mm, PWd 9.3 ± 1.3 mm, LVDd 48.2 ± 4.9 mm, and LVMI 111.5 ± 29.6 g/m2. In autonomic neuropathy, 27% of patients had OH and mean R-R intervals was 10 ± 7. R-R intervals have negatively correlation with age, duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension and LVMI. In multiple regression analysis, LVMI was excluded as an independent risk factor of R-R interval. Then, we compared LV structure and clinical characteristics between OH (+) and OH (-) group. LVMI was significantly increased (120.8 ± 29.4 vs 106 ± 27.8 g/m2) and BMI was significantly decreased (23.4 ± 3.3 vs 25.4 ± 5.0) in OH(+) group as compared with OH(-) group, while there was not a significant difference in LV ventricules between two groups. In logistic regression analysis, LVMI and BMI were independent risk factors of OH(+) (p = 0.003, p = 0.009). Conclusions: It suggested that autonomic neuropathy may affect increased left ventricular mass by blood pressure variation due to orthostatic hypotension in diabetic patients.
Ketonization of long chain esters from transesterification of technical waste fats (2001)

The methyl ester mixture obtained from rape oil, and the mixture of butyl esters produced from animal fatty acids, were converted into mixtures of ketones with a total yield above 65%. The experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure in a temperature range of 300–400 °C using a standard flow system, with an iron catalyst modified with silicon, chromium, and potassium oxides, in the molar ratio of 100 : 2 : 1 : 0.1. The described method may extend the prospects of using waste technical fats. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of Philanthotoxin Analogus with Bulky Heads Including Porphyrins. Self-assembly Monitored by Circular Dichroism (1996)

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An Efficient Feature Extraction Method with Pseudo-Zernike Moment in RBF Neural Network-Based Human Face Recognition System (2003)

This paper introduces a novel method for the recognition of human faces in digital images using a new feature extraction method that combines the global and local information in frontal view of facial images. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network with a hybrid learning algorithm (HLA) has been used as a classifier. The proposed feature extraction method includes human face localization derived from the shape information. An efficient distance measure as facial candidate threshold (FCT) is defined to distinguish between face and nonface images. Pseudo-Zernike moment invariant (PZMI) with an efficient method for selecting moment order has been used. A newly defined parameter named axis correction ratio (ACR) of images for disregarding irrelevant information of face images is introduced. In this paper, the effect of these parameters in disregarding irrelevant information in recognition rate improvement is studied. Also we evaluate the effect of orders of PZMI in recognition rate of the proposed technique as well as RBF neural network learning speed. Simulation results on the face database of Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) indicate that the proposed method for human face recognition yielded a recognition rate of 99.3%.
Mobile Radio Systems (2009)

This is an IEEE classic reissue of the book published by John Wiley & Sons in 1974.This definitive text and reference covers all aspects of microwave mobile systems design. Encompassing ten years of advanced research in the field, it reviews basic microwave theory, explains how cellular systems work and presents useful techniques for effective systems development. Key features include: complete coverage of microwave propagation techniques to design successful cellular systems, extensive chapters covering the broad fundamentals of microwave usage in mobile radio propagation and the functions of mobile radio antennas, comprehensive treatment of modulation methods, interference, noise, layout and control of high-capacity systems, and more! The return of this classic volume should be welcomed by all those seeking an authoritative and complete source of information on this emerging technology.
Characterization of hypoxia-responsive enhancer in the human erythropoietin gene shows presence of hypoxia-inducible 120-Kd nuclear DNA-binding protein in erythropoietin-producing and nonproducing cells (1993)

Erythropoietin (Epo) production in response to hypoxia or cobalt is primarily mediated by activation of transcription of the Epo gene. Recently an hypoxia responsive enhancer was identified in the 3′ flanking region of the mouse and human Epo genes. Using functional analysis in Hep 3B cells we define here the minimal enhancer element as a 29-bp segment starting at the Apa1 site in the 3′ flanking region of the human Epo gene. Mutagenesis studies of the minimal element identified three different areas that are necessary for full enhancer activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show the presence of hypoxia- and/or cobalt-inducible nuclear DNA-binding proteins that bind to one of the active sites of the enhancer. Induction of hypoxia- binding activity was abolished by Anisomycin, a potent protein synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is necessary for the activation process. Further characterization of DNA- binding proteins by use of UV light crosslinking identified a protein of molecular weight of approximately 120-Kd that was present only in hypoxic extracts. This protein was found to be present in hypoxic nuclear extracts from both Epo-producing and non-Epo-producing cells, suggesting that it may be involved in a more generalized mechanism of cellular response to hypoxia.
Structural effects in reactions of organophosphorus compounds. II. Reaction of Grignard reagents with phosphonic dichlorides (1968)

It has been shown that the reaction of Grignard reagents containing tertiary aliphatic radicals with phosphonic dichlorides may yield as many as four products, depending on the nature of the reactants. Some of these products are described for the first time.
Fully packaged millimetre‐wave dielectric waveguide with multimodal excitation (2015)

A millimetre‐wave interconnect on a very low‐cost plastic waveguide is proposed for applications in terabit per second wireline links. Simultaneous utilisation of the two fundamental and polarisation‐orthogonal degenerate E x 11 and E y 11 waveguide modes doubles the capacity of a single line without sacrificing robustness or adding implementation cost and complexity. A prototype of the structure has been fabricated in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) fed with dipole/slot coupling structures on Rogers RO6006, and operates at frequencies of about 75 GHz with an aggregate 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 60 GHz.
Quality of service and channel-aware packet bundling for capacity improvement in cellular networks (2011)

We study the problem of multiple packet bundling to improve spectral efficiency in cellular networks. The packet size of real-time data, such as VoIP, is often very small. However, the common use of time division multiplexing limits the number of VoIP users supported, because a packet has to wait until it receives a time slot, and if only one small VoIP packet is placed in a time slot, capacity is wasted. Packet bundling can alleviate such a problem by sharing a time slot among multiple users. A recent revision of cdma2000 1xEV-DO introduced the concept of the multi-user packet (MUP) in the downlink to overcome limitations on the number of time slots. However, the efficacy of packet bundling is not well understood, particularly in the presence of time varying channels. We propose a novel QoS and channel-aware packet bundling algorithm that takes advantage of adaptive modulation and coding. We show that optimal algorithms are NP-complete and recommend heuristic approaches. We also show that channel utilization can be significantly increased by slightly delaying some real-time packets within their QoS requirements while bundling those packets with like channel conditions. We validate our study through extensive OPNET simulations with a complete EV-DO implementation.
Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair: Use of the Gianturco-Helfrich-Eberbach Hernia Mesh (1995)

A new polyester hernia mesh (Gianturco-Helfrich-Eberbach) is introduced for laparoscopic repair of the abdominal wall and groin hernias. The device incorporates the optional use of an internal wire to form a circular shape. A detachable carrier is used, permitting easy, accurate preperitoneal placement. Thirty-four patients with groin hernias and five with ventral hernias were repaired without significant complication. This innovative device greatly facilitates mesh placement during transabdominal or extraperitoneal laparoscopic repair, reducing technical difficulty and operative time. It further broadens the use of laparoscopy to repair ventral hernias.
Translocation and Expression of CSF1 in Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis, Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Reactive Synovitides (2007)

We recently demonstrated that CSF1, the ligand of the tyrosine kinase receptor, CSF1R, can be translocated in pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT). In this study, we evaluated the staining characteristics of PVNS/TGCT and reactive synovitides for CSF1 and CSF1R by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays and correlated these findings with the recently described translocation. We collected specimens of TGCT/PVNS from 60 patients and of rheumatoid arthritis and other reactive synovitides from 74 patients. We identify 2 groups of PVNS and TGCT cases by the presence of CSF1 translocation and CSF1 expression. The first group (35 of 57 cases; 61%) had both the CSF1 translocation and high expression of CSF1 RNA, confirming our previous findings. Interestingly, a second group (22 of 57 cases; 39%) was identified that showed high expression of CSF1 RNA or CSF1 protein but did not have the translocation. The rheumatoid arthritis and reactive synovitis specimens showed localization of CSF1 RNA and protein to the synovial lining cells, implying a possible role for CSF1 in the pathogenesis of these lesions. As the CSF1 translocation is postulated to play an important role in the biology of PVNS/TGCT, the consistent presence of CSF1 expression in translocation-negative cases implies that other mechanisms can lead to CSF1 up-regulation. The consistent presence of CSF1 overexpression in all cases of PVNS/TGCT and reactive synovitides suggests both an important role for CSF1 in the spectrum of synovial pathologies and the possibility of targeting the CSF1/CSF1R interaction therapeutically.
Efficacy of amelogenin-chitosan hydrogel in biomimetic repair of human enamel in pH-cycling systems (2015)

Amelogenin-chitosan (CS-AMEL) hydrogel has shown great potential for the prevention, restoration, and treatment of defective enamel. As a step prior to clinical trials, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of CS-AMEL hydrogel in biomimetic repair of human enamel with erosive or caries-like lesions in pH-cycling systems. Two models for enamel defects, erosion and early caries, were addressed in this study. Two pH-cycling systems were designed to simulate the daily cariogenic challenge as well as the nocturnal pH conditions in the oral cavity. After pH cycling and treatment with CS-AMEL hydrogel, a synthetic layer composed of oriented apatite crystals was formed on the eroded enamel surface. CS-AMEL repaired the artificial incipient caries by re-growing oriented crystals and reducing the depth of the lesions by up to 70% in the pH-cycling systems. The results clearly demonstrate that the CS-AMEL hydrogel is effective at the restoration of erosive and carious lesions under pH-cycling conditions.
Analysis of amino acids in human vascular endothelial (ECV‐304) cells by microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection (2008)

A rapid and sensitive method was developed for the analysis of amino acids by microchip electrophoresis with Hg-lamp excitation fluorescence detection. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) was chosen to estimate the sensitivity of this system, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) with FITC was 1.7 nM, which showed that the system was sensitive as well as simple. Two derivatizing agents, FITC and ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) were employed to label amino acids and were compared in the same fluorescence detection system with an Hg lamp as the excitation source. The separation parameters were optimized in detail. Optimum separation of OPA-labeled amino acids was obtained in less than 200 s with 20 mM borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 20% acetonitrile and 10 mM beta-cyclodextrin. Detection limits for amino acids (alanine (Ala), taurine (Tau), glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu), and aspartic acid (Asp)) of 0.38-1.0 muM were achieved. The method was successfully applied to analysis of amino acids in human vascular endothelial cells (ECV-304). The average amount of amino acids in single ECV-304 cells is estimated to be 5.84 fmol for Ala, 2.78 fmol for Tau, 1.15 fmol for Gly, 3.10 fmol for Glu, and 1.30 fmol for Asp.
Optimal Camera Trajectory with Image-Based Control (2003)

Image-based servo is a local control solution. Thanks to the feedback loop closed in the image space, local convergence and stability in the presence of modeling errors and noise perturbations are ensured when the error is small. The principal deficiency of this approach is that the induced (3D) trajectories are not optimal and sometimes, especially when the displacement to realize is large, these trajectories are not physically valid leading to the failure of the servoing process. In this paper we address the problem of finding realistic image-space trajectories that correspond to optimal 3D trajectories. The camera calibration and the model of the observed scene are assumed unknown. First, a smooth closed-form collineation path between given start and end points is obtained. This path is generated in order to correspond to an optimal camera path. The trajectories of the image features are then derived and efficiently tracked using a purely image-based control. A second path planning scheme, based on the potential field method is briefly presented. It allows us to introduce constraints in the desired trajectory to be realized. Such constraints are, for instance, to ensure that the object of interest remains in the camera field of view and to avoid the robot joints limits. Experimental results obtained on a six-degrees-of-freedom eye-in-hand robotic system are presented and confirm the validity of the proposed approach.
Polyprenyl Phosphate Biosynthesis in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2000)

Mycobacterium smegmatis has been shown to contain two forms of polyprenyl phosphate (Pol-P), while Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains only one. Utilizing subcellular fractions from M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis, we show that Pol-P synthesis is different in these species. The specific activities of the prenyl diphosphate synthases in M. tuberculosis are 10- to 100-fold lower than those in M. smegmatis. In M. smegmatis decaprenyl diphosphate and heptaprenyl diphosphate were the main products synthesized in vitro, whereas in M. tuberculosis only decaprenyl diphosphate was synthesized. The data from both organisms suggest that geranyl diphosphate is the allylic substrate for two distinct prenyl diphosphate synthases, one located in the cell membrane that synthesizes omega,E,Z-farnesyl diphosphate and the other present in the cytosol that synthesizes omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate. In M. smegmatis, the omega,E, Z-farnesyl diphosphate is utilized by a membrane-associated prenyl diphosphate synthase activity to generate decaprenyl diphosphate, and the omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate is utilized by a membrane-associated activity for the synthesis of the heptaprenyl diphosphate. In M. tuberculosis, however, omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate is not utilized for the synthesis of heptaprenyl diphosphate. Thus, the difference in the compositions of the Pol-P of M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis can be attributed to distinct enzymatic differences between these two organisms.
Contrast enhancement by automatic and parameter-free piecewise linear transformation for color images (2008)

Conventional contrast enhancement methods have four shortcomings. First, most of them need transformation functions and parameters which are specified manually. Second, most of them are application-oriented methods. Third, most of them are performed on gray level images. Fourth, the histogram equalization (HE) based enhancement methods use non-linear transform function. Thus, this paper proposes an automatic and parameter-free contrast enhancement algorithm for color images. This method includes following steps: First, RGB color space is transformed to HSV color space. Second, image content analysis is used to analyze the image illumination distribution. Third, the original image is enhanced by piecewise linear based enhancement method. Finally, the enhancement image is transformed back to RGB color space. This novel enhancement is automatic and parameter-free. Our experiments included various color images with low and high contrast. Experiment results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than histogram equalization (HE) and its six variations in non-over enhancement and natural clearly revealed. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be run on an embedded environment (such as mobile device, digital camera, or other consumer products) and processed in real-time system due to its simplicity and efficiently.
Evaluating Cost and Output Levels for Agricultural Utilization Research (1973)

Public expenditures for research and development have increased very rapidly in the last two decades. Despite the apparent high payoff from this research, there is an increasingly greater reluctance on the part of legislative groups and the general public to support such research. This problem revolves around the question of social priorities, but it also involves an assessment of the value of the research investment.