gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcellular trafficking of antisense oligonucleotides and down-regulation of bcl-2 gene expression in human melanoma cells using a fusogenic liposome delivery system (2002)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ODN) targeted to specific genes have shown considerable potential as therapeutic agents. The polyanionic charges carried by these molecules, however, present a barrier to efficient cellular uptake and consequently their biological effects on gene regulation are compromised. To overcome this obstacle, a rationally designed carrier system is desirable for antisense delivery. This carrier should assist antisense ODN penetrate the cell membrane and, once inside the cell, then release the ODN and make them available for target binding. We have developed a carrier formulation employing programmable fusogenic vesicles (PFV) as the antisense delivery mediator. This study investigates the intracellular fate of PFV-ODN and bioavailability of antisense ODN to cells. The subcellular distribution of PFV and ODN was examined by monitoring the trafficking of FITC-labeled ODN and rhodamine/phosphatidylethanolamine (Rh-PE)-labeled PFV using confocal microscopy. Fluorescently tagged ODN were first co-localized with the liposomal carrier in the cytoplasm, presumably in endosome/lysosome compartments, shortly after incubation of PFV-ODN with HEK 293 and 518A2 cells. Between 24 and 48 h incubation, however, separation of FITC-ODN from the carrier and subsequent accumulation in the nucleus was observed. In contrast, the Rh-PE label was localized to the cell cytoplasm. The enhanced cellular uptake achieved using the PFV carrier, compared to incubation of free ODN with cells, and subsequent release of ODN from the carrier resulted in significant down-regulation of mRNA expression. Specifically, G3139, an antisense construct targeting the apoptotic antagonist gene bcl-2, was examined in the human melanoma cell line 518A2. Upon exposure to PFV-encapsulated G3139, cells displayed a time-dependent reduction in bcl-2 message levels. The bcl-2 mRNA level was reduced by 50% after 24 h treatment and by approximately 80% after 72 h when compared to cells treated with free G3139, empty PFV or PFV-G3622, a control ODN sequence. Our results establish that ODN can be released from PFV after intracellular uptake and can then migrate to the nucleus and selectively down-regulate target mRNA.
Cryomicrotome applications: techniques for the study of skeletal materials. Technical report (1983)

Polydactyly, or hyperdactyly, is a frequent malformation, with a reported incidence between 0.37 and 1.2 per 1000 live births. Most cases encountered in medical practice are sporadic cases, usually presenting one-sided manifestations. More frequently, polydactyly can be detected prenatally through an ultrasound examination, if not, it is usually diagnosed at birth, during the first physical examination. Although the clinical diagnosis is relatively easy in patients with manifest cases, it can sometimes be present with mild or partial forms that are not clinically evident on physical examination, resulting in later diagnosis and treatment. We reported a particular case of polydactyly of the foot not clinically manifest, diagnosed in a 39-year-old Caucasian Male patient with a history of recurrent localized pain in the big toe often associated with subungual bleeding, since he was a child who came to our emergency room following a car accident. Polydactyly is a frequently reported congenital malformation which may present in many different varieties of deformities. In this case, the X-ray, which was required after a car accident, leads to the incidental diagnosis of polydactyly in an adult patient. As described, because of the functional limitations related to this malformation, as well as to limit recurrent pain, and subungual anomalies, the patient underwent to a surgical correction to improve its quality of life.
Burkholderia cenocepacia-induced delay of acidification and phagolysosomal fusion in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-defective macrophages (2008)

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of opportunistic bacteria chronically infecting the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Several laboratories have shown that Bcc members, in particular B. cenocepacia, survive within a membrane-bound vacuole inside phagocytic and epithelial cells. We have previously demonstrated that intracellular B. cenocepacia causes a delay in phagosomal maturation, as revealed by impaired acidification and slow accumulation of the late phagolysosomal marker LAMP-1. In this study, we demonstrate that uninfected cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-defective macrophages or normal macrophages treated with a CFTR-specific drug inhibitor display normal acidification. However, after ingestion of B. cenocepacia, acidification and phagolysosomal fusion of the bacteria-containing vacuoles occur in a lower percentage of CFTR-negative macrophages than CFTR-positive cells, suggesting that loss of CFTR function contributes to enhance bacterial intracellular survival. The CFTR-associated phagosomal maturation defect was absent in macrophages exposed to heat-inactivated B. cenocepacia and macrophages infected with a non-CF pathogen such as Salmonella enterica, an intracellular pathogen that once internalized rapidly traffics to acidic compartments that acquire lysosomal markers. These results suggest that not only a defective CFTR but also viable B. cenocepacia are required for the altered trafficking phenotype. We conclude that CFTR may play a role in the mechanism of clearance of the intracellular infection, as we have shown before that B. cenocepacia cells localized to the lysosome lose cell envelope integrity. Therefore, the prolonged maturation arrest of the vacuoles containing B. cenocepacia within cftr(-/-) macrophages could be a contributing factor in the persistence of the bacteria within CF patients.
Prostaglandin G/H Synthase-2 Is a Major Contributor of Brain Prostaglandins in the Newborn (1995)

In order to understand the molecular basis of the elevated cerebral prostaglandin levels in the newborn, we compared the expression of the mRNAs and proteins of prostaglandin G/H synthases (PGHS), PGHS-1 and PGHS-2, in various regions of the brain and the microvasculature of newborn (1-2-day-old) and juvenile (4-7-week-old) pigs and also measured the relative contribution of PGHS-2 to cerebral prostaglandin synthesis both in vivo and in vitro by using a novel inhibitor of PGHS-2, NS-398. Ribonuclease protection assays using total RNA isolated from various regions of the porcine brain revealed that, unlike PGHS-1 mRNA, PGHS-2 mRNA was abundantly expressed in the cortex and the microvasculature of the newborn compared with those of the juvenile animal. PGHS-2 immunoreactive protein comprised the majority of total PGHS enzyme in neonatal cerebral microvasculature due to a 2-3-fold lower expression of immunoreactive PGHS-1 protein. Inhibition of PGHS-2 by NS-398 decreased the rate of prostaglandin synthesis by purified cerebral microvessels of the newborn by approximately 65% and of juvenile pigs by 30%. The decrease in brain tissue prostaglandin concentrations following intravenous administration of NS-398 was greater in newborn pigs (> or = 90%) than in the juvenile animals (< or = 30%). Furthermore, NS-398 substantially reduced the net in vivo cerebrovascular production of prostaglandins in newborn pigs. Taken together, these results indicate that PGHS-2 is the predominant form of prostaglandin G/H synthase in the newborn brain and cerebral microvasculature and the main contributor to the brain prostaglandin levels in the newborn animal.
Bandpass Filters Using Parallel Coupled Stripline Stepped Impedance Resonators (1980)

Approximate design formulas for bandpass filters using parallel coupled stripling stepped impedance resonators (SIR) are derived. The formulas take into account the arbitrary coupling length as well as quarter-wavelength coupling. Some advantages of this filter are its abilities to control spurious response and insertion loss by changing the structure of the resonator. Using the design formulas two experimental filters were designed and fabricated and their performances closely matched design data.
Impact of MOSFET oxide breakdown on digital circuit operation and reliability (2002)

We demonstrate that many gate oxide breakdowns can occur in parts of a digital circuit without affecting its overall logical function. This implies that if maintaining the circuit's logical functionality is the sufficient reliability criterion, the present reliability specifications are excessively stringent.
Microbial‐Mediated Reduction of Perchlorate in Groundwater (1998)

Abstract Perchlorate has been widely used as a propellant in solid rocket fuel, and has recently been identified as a contaminant in both groundwater and surface waters. Perchlorate is recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as a potential health risk, and the State of California has set a drinking water action level of 18 µg L −1 . Incidents of groundwater contamination have been associated with industrial sites in California and Nevada that have been involved in the manufacturing or testing of solid rocket propellants. Microorganisms have been shown to be capable of reducing perchlorate (Cl O − 4 ) to chloride (Cl − ) and oxygen, thus transforming perchlorate into innocuous end‐products. Bioreactor processes for the remediation of perchlorate contaminated wastewater have previously been established. However, these systems were optimized for perchlorate concentrations in the grams per liter range, while groundwater contamination can be a million‐fold lower but still exceed the water quality action level. This literature review will focus on microbial‐mediated perchlorate reduction, and discuss issues of importance to the remediation of perchlorate‐contaminated groundwater.
Online‐Prozeßanalyse in Bioreaktoren (1987)

Abstract Online measurement of bioreactor performance . Recent techniques for characterization of the cell‐reactor system are presented, especially online techniques for measurement of three‐phase fluid properties, for chemical analysis of the composition of the fermentation medium and the gas phase, and for determination of the cell concentration as well as for the evaluation of the intracellular components and the biological behaviour of the cells. Furthermore, optimization of the sampling point and the sensor arrangement for the measurement of the above properties are also considered.
Inhibitors of checkpoint kinases: from discovery to the clinic. (2007)

Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a member of the serine/ threonine kinase family. CHK1 functions as a regulatory kinase in cell-cycle progression and is the main effector of theDNA-damage response within the cell. Over the past few years, a large number of novel inhibitors of CHK1 have been discovered that encompass an enormous area of chemical space and diversity and, in more recent reports, many of these inhibitors have been demonstrated preclinically to sensitize tumors to a wide variety of DNA-damaging agents. This review focuses on advances reported both in the literature and at conferences from 2005 to date concerning the chemical design and optimization of checkpoint kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
Epigenomic profiling using microarrays (2003)

Genes occupy only a minor fraction of genomes such as ours; however, histone and nonhistone chromosomal proteins and methylated DNA bases are distributed over both genic and nongenic regions. These widespread "epigenomic" features can be mapped and characterized by alternative applications of the same microarray technologies that have been used for conventional transcriptional profiling. Here we describe diverse microarray-based strategies for profiling patterns of DNA methylation, DNA replication, DNA binding, and chromatin-associated proteins and histone modifications. The rapid progress that is being made in developing and applying epigenomic profiling methods and the increasing availability of microarrays mean that epigenomic profiling is likely to become a standard research tool for understanding chromatin structure and gene expression during development.
Instillation of allogeneic lung macrophages and dendritic cells cause differential effects on local IFN-7 production, lymphocytic bronchitis, and vasculitis in recipient murine lungs (1998)

Lung allograft rejection is believed to be initiated by donor lung accessory cells, namely macrophages and dendritic cells, interacting with recipient lymphocytes leading to up-regulated Th1 type (IFN-gamma) cellular immunity culminating in graft destruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the individual role of donor lung macrophages and dendritic cells in the rejection response. Utilizing a murine model that reproduces the immunology and histology of acute rejection, C57BL/6 mouse (I-a(b), H-2(b)) lung dendritic cells (DC-enriched lung cells), purified alveolar macrophages (I-a-negative macrophages), or various ratios of I-a-negative macrophages/DC were instilled into BALB/c mouse (I-a(d), H-2(d)) lungs followed by an assessment of local IFN-gamma production and grading of rejection pathology. The data show that DC, and not I-a-negative macrophages, induced IFN-gamma production in recipient lungs. However, the local production of IFN-gamma was not always associated with histological changes characteristic of rejection pathology. In contrast to either cell type alone, instillation of C57BL/6 I-a-negative macrophages and DC, together, were required to induce rejection pathology in BALB/c lungs. In addition, the rejection response was dependent on interactions between donor I-a-negative macrophages and DC.
Efficient Preparation of 1,2,4,5-Tetroxanes from Bis(trimethylsilyl) Peroxide and Carbonyl Compounds (1988)

Symmetrically 3,6-disubstituted and 3,3,6,6-tetrasubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetroxanes are prepared in good yields by the condensation of bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide with aldehydes and ketones in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.
User interface patterns for hypermedia applications (2000)

Designing high quality visual interfaces for hypermedia applications is difficult; it involves organizing different kinds of interface objects (for example those triggering navigation), prevent lhe user from cognitive overhead, etc. Unfortunately, interface design methods do not capture design decisions or rationale, so it is hard to record and convey interface design expertise.
Structure‐Based Virtual Screening of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitors: Analysis of Scoring Functions Applied to Large True Actives and Decoy Sets (2011)

Comparative assessment of nine different scoring functions (OpenEye and Tripos implementation) applied to structure-based virtual screening based on rigid docking of the pregenerated conformations library of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors has been carried out. The functions studied belong to the following types: Gaussian (Chemgauss3, Shapegauss), empirical (Chemscore, OEChemscore, Piecewise Linear Potential, Screenscore), force field-based (D_score and G_score), and potential of mean force (PMF_score). Overall enrichment of the large true inhibitors set against the set of true non-inhibitors, Directory of Useful Decoys (DUD), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 subset, and NCI Diversity Set was evaluated by means of ROC (receiver operating characteristic) method. According to this analysis, scoring function Chemscore leads to the best enrichment of the inhibitors whereas the best early enrichment of the actives may be obtained with the help of Chemgauss3 function as estimated by BEDROC (Boltzmann-enhanced discrimination of ROC) metrics.
Deaths: Final Data for 2016. (2018)

This report presents final 2016 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant mortality, and trends, by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death.
An integrated hardware-software cosimulation environment with automated interface generation (2002)

We present a hardware-software cosimulation environment for heterogeneous systems. To be an efficient system verification environment for the rapid prototyping of heterogeneous systems, the environment provides following features: interface transparency, smooth transition to cosynthesis, simulation acceleration, and integrated user interface and internal representation. Among them, the first two are more important than the others. To support these two features, we have developed automatic interface generation schemes. As demonstrating experiments, two heterogeneous systems performing same function with different target architectures were cosimulated and prototyped successfully in our environment. The experimental results show that our environment can be a useful heterogeneous system specification/verification environment for rapid prototyping.
Formation of Helical Hybrid Silica Bundles (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTFormation of Helical Hybrid Silica BundlesYonggang Yang, Miho Nakazawa, Masahiro Suzuki, Mutsumi Kimura, Hirofusa Shirai, and Kenji HanabusaView Author Information Department of Functional Polymer Science, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 20, 3791–3793Publication Date (Web):September 11, 2004Publication History Received24 June 2004Published online11 September 2004Published inissue 1 October 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm0489993https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0489993rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Mixtures,Nanofibers,Precursors,Silica Get e-Alerts
Pulse frequency modulation based CMOS image sensor for subretinal stimulation (2006)

We have developed a CMOS image sensor based on pulse frequency modulation for subretinal implantation. The sensor chip forms part of the proposed intraocular retinal prosthesis system where data and power transmission are provided wirelessly from an extraocular unit. Image sensing and electrical stimulus are integrated onto the same chip. Image of sufficient resolution has been demonstrated using 16/spl times/16 pixels. Biphasic current stimulus pulses at above threshold levels of the human retina (500 /spl mu/A) at varying frame rates (4 Hz to 8 kHz) have been achieved. The implant chip was fabricated using standard CMOS technology.
Effects of H-7 on the Iris and Ciliary Muscle in Monkeys (1998)

H-7 inhibits actin-based contractility in non-muscle cells and in monkey iris sphincter and CM. Under our in vivo experimental conditions, the effect on the iris predominates over that on the CM.
A Synthesis of 3-(4-Hydroxycyclohexyl)-propanol-1, a Product of the Hydrogenation of Lignin (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of 3-(4-Hydroxycyclohexyl)-propanol-1, a Product of the Hydrogenation of LigninEverett Bowden and Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 9, 2422–2423Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01866a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01866a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vascular rhexis in mice subjected to non-sustained myocardial ischemia and its therapeutic implications (2011)

We previously described the death of vascular cells (vascular rhexis) following persistent coronary occlusion. The present study was designed to determine whether non-sustained ischemia can initiate vascular rhexis and if so, whether relatively brief ischemic insults are sufficient. C57BL6 mice were subjected to coronary ligation for 15 min or 3 h followed by reperfusion. Soluble fractions of left ventricular (LV) homogenates were obtained 48 h after the onset of transitory coronary occlusion. They were assayed by Western blotting for quantification of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) that we have shown reflect vascular rhexis delineated immunohistochemically. Non-sustained coronary occlusion for 3 h initiated vascular rhexis evident 45 h after reperfusion, but not earlier, as judged from Western blotting of α-SMA and SM-MHC. The number of small- and medium-sized vessels in the previously ischemic zones was reduced at 45 h after reperfusion as well. Thus, vascular rhexis occurs after ischemia as brief as 3 h but evolves slowly and is not evident for 45 h. The delayed disintegration of the vasculature makes it likely that it can be ameliorated by interventions initiated after non-sustained ischemia, rendering it an attractive target for diminution of phenomena such as late negative LV remodeling, and 'no reflow.'