gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Representation of Phase Behavior and PVT Workflow for DME Enhanced Water-Flooding (2016)

Abstract DME (di-methyl-ether) is a water-soluble solvent with clear potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) through its use in DME enhanced water-flooding (DEW). DEW is a novel technology where DME is dissolved in the brine that is injected in the reservoir. Upon contact with oil, DME preferentially partitions into the oil (hydrocarbon) phase. This results in swelling and viscosity reduction of the oil, hence enhancing oil production. Recovery enhancement for DME enhanced water-flooding (DEW) strongly depends on the phase behavior of the system. Therefore, it is imperative to accurately describe the phase behavior in the dynamic DEW models. This paper presents the PVT experiments and workflow used to model the phase behavior in DEW processes. The PVT modelling workflow consists of the following steps. Gather basic experimental data for the DME-brine and DME-crude phase behavior required to model phase behavior during the DEW displacement process.Characterize, tune and lump the hydrocarbon fluids using the SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong) EoS (equation-of-state).Model the interaction between hydrocarbons, brine and DME using the CPA (Cubic-Plus-Association) EoS.Generate composition dependent partitioning coefficients (K-values) and phase properties based on mixing rules. Experimental data required as input for the workflow includes routine PVT data, DME-brine solubility data and DME partitioning data between reservoir fluids. This paper provides an overview of how experimental data is obtained and utilized to represent the phase behavior in the modeling workflow. The essential elements of the modeling workflow fall into two segments: representation of the phase behavior with a proper fit-for-purpose model,utilization of the phase behavior representation for dynamic reservoir modeling. The phase behavior during the DEW displacement process is represented using the CPA EoS. CPA combines SRK with an association term to account for the interaction between DME and brine. As it is relatively computationally costly to run DEW simulations with the CPA EoS, the proposed modelling workflow is based on compositionally dependent partitioning coefficients. In simulation studies the phase behavior is represented using a K-value model. The K-value model is validated for light and heavy oils in various reservoir models by comparison with conventional water-flooding simulation based on a black-oil PVT description. Results show that the K-value model is accurate for reasonably constant phase compositions, numerically stable and computationally efficient. Furthermore, it is shown that differences in history match obtained with the black-oil model and the K-value model are marginal, as the compositional path is far away from the critical locus. The results give confidence that the K-value model can be used to assess DEW performance in full field models.
Mid-air Authentication Gestures (2014)

Authentication based on touch-less mid-air gestures would benefit a multitude of ubicomp applications, which are used in clean environments (e.g., medical environments or clean rooms). In order to explore the potential of mid-air gestures for novel authentication approaches, we performed a series of studies and design experiments. First, we collected data from more then 200 users during a three-day science event organised within a shopping mall. This data was used to investigate capabilities of the Leap Motion sensor and to formulate an initial design problem. The design problem, as well as the design of mid-air gestures for authentication purposes, were iterated in subsequent design activities. In a final study with 13 participants, we evaluated two mid-air gestures for authentication purposes in different situations, including different body positions. Our results highlight a need for different mid-air gestures for differing situations and carefully chosen constraints for mid-air gestures.
Assembly of Two Flexible Metal–Organic Frameworks with Stepwise Gas Adsorption and Highly Selective CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption (2014)

[Co3(bpydc)2(HCOO)2H2O]·2DMF (JLU-Liu3) and [Zn3(bpydc)2(HCOO)2]·H2O·DMF (JLU-Liu4), two kinds of chiral flexible metal–organic frameworks, have been synthesized using 2,2′-bipyridyl-5,5′-dicarboxylate ligand (H2bpydc) and trinuclear clusters. The two materials reveal ant topology and exhibit uncommon stepwise N2 and CO2 adsorption behaviors with large hysteresis loops. The three-dimensional frameworks of JLU-Liu3 and JLU-Liu4 undergo structural transformation upon the removal of the guest molecules in the pores, which is indicated by the shift of powder X-ray diffraction peaks and the alteration of the peak intensity. These two flexible metal organic frameworks can be switched between the unique “closed” and “opened” forms via the removal of guest molecules. Moreover, after activation, both samples show high selective CO2 uptake over N2 and CH4.
Comparative Evaluation of Methods Commonly Used to Determine Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Plant Extracts and Phenolic Compounds (2008)

A comparison was made to evaluate the ability of the most commonly used qualitative agar diffusion methods and a quantitative broth dilution assay to determine the antimicrobial activity of a plant extract and a variety of phenolic compounds. A disc and well diffusion technique and a microtiter broth microdilution (MBM) assay were used as antimicrobial susceptibility tests of a plant extract and several phenolic compounds against 7 bacterial species. In both the well and disc diffusion assays, the level of reproducibility was poor and a linear or logarithmic relationship did not exist between inhibition zone size and the concentration of the agents. The MBM method produced the most consistent results and allowed the determination of the relative sensitivities of each species and the relative antimicrobial activities of each agent. This study demonstrated that when a diffusion method is used, multiple concentrations of the agent must be assayed to ensure that a relationship exists between the concentration of the agent and inhibition zone size. When a relationship does not exist, antimicrobial activity should be determined by a quantitative dilution technique.
Extracellular Vesicles as New Players in Cellular Senescence (2016)

Cell senescence is associated with the secretion of many factors, the so-called "senescence-associated secretory phenotype", which may alter tissue microenvironment, stimulating the organism to clean up senescent cells and replace them with newly divided ones. Therefore, although no longer dividing, these cells are still metabolically active and influence the surrounding tissue. Much attention has been recently focused not only on soluble factors released by senescent cells, but also on extracellular vesicles as conveyors of senescence signals outside the cell. Here, we give an overview of the role of extracellular vesicles in biological processes and signaling pathways related to senescence and aging.
Temporal and Hormonal Control of β-1,3-Glucanase in <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L (1970)

The endo-beta-1, 3-glucanase (beta-1, 3-glucan 3-glucanhydrolase, EC 3.2.1.6) extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney had a pH optimum of 5 and a temperature optimum of 50 C. Excision of plant tissue resulted in an increase in beta-1, 3-glucanase activity after a 6-hour lag period. The increase could be prevented by indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, and cytokinins. Ethylene (half-maximal concentration = 0.1 microliter/liter) promoted the synthesis of beta-1, 3-glucanase, and 10% CO(2) overcame some of the ethylene effect. Cycloheximide prevented the induction of beta-1, 3-glucanase, but actinomycin D and chromomycin A(3) had only a partial effect. The amount of callose in sieve tube cells correlated with levels of beta-1, 3-glucanase, suggesting that this enzyme played a role in the degradation of beta-1, 3-glucans.
Localized Nanodiamond Crystallization and Field Emission Performance Improvement of Amorphous Carbon upon Laser Irradiation in Liquid (2009)

The phase transformation from amorphous carbon to nanodiamond has been achieved by pulsed-laser irradiation of amorphous carbon films in a confined liquid at room temperature and ambient pressure. Nanocrystalline diamonds (NCDs) with size of about 4−7 nm were generated in the surface layer of amorphous carbon films by the amorphous carbon-to-diamond transition. It was found that the embedded NCDs microstructure array considerably improve the field emission performance of the treated amorphous carbon films. The physical and chemical mechanisms of the amorphous carbon-to-diamond transition induced by laser irradiation in liquid and the enhanced field emission caused by NCDs embedded in amorphous carbon films were pursued.
Effects of Tip Geometry and Tip Clearance on the Mass/Heat Transfer From a Large-Scale Gas Turbine Blade (2003)

An experimental investigation has been performed to measure average and local mass transfer coefficients on the tip of a gas turbine blade using the naphthalene sublimation technique. The heat/mass transfer analogy can be applied to obtain heat transfer coefficients from the measured mass transfer data. Flow visualization on the tip surface is provided using an oil dot technique. Two different tip geometries are considered: a squealer tip and a winglet-squealer tip having a winglet on the pressure side and a squealer on the suction side of the blade. Measurements have been taken at tip clearance levels ranging from 0.6 to 3.6% of actual chord. The exit Reynolds number based on actual chord is approximately 7.2×105 for all measurements. Flow visualization shows impingement and recirculation regions on the blade tip surface, providing an interpretation of the mass transfer distributions and offering insight into the fluid dynamics within the gap. For both tip geometries the tip clearance level has a significant effect on the mass transfer distribution. The squealer tip has a higher average mass transfer that sensibly decreases with gap level, whereas a more limited variation with gap level is observed for the average mass transfer from the winglet-squealer tip.
Capsaicin cross-desensitization on the tongue: psychophysical evidence that oral chemical irritation is mediated by more than one sensory pathway (1991)

Psychophysical measurements were made of the perceived intensity and quality of sensations of chemical irritation before and after the tip of the tongue had been desensitized to capsaicin (10 ppm). The results of the first experiment showed that capsaicin desensitization tended to reduce the perceived intensity of irritation produced by approximately equipotent concentrations of capsaicin (3 ppm), ethanol (30%), cinnamic aldehyde (2.5%) and NaCl (5M) applied to the tongue on filter paper disks; however, the reduction in irritation was less for the latter three compounds than for capsaicin and failed to reach statistical significance for ethanol. Ratings of sensation quality suggested that the four irritants produced different quality ‘profiles’, and that ethanol and cinnamic aldehyde were characterized by sensations of numbness as well as by sensations of burning and stinging/pricking. Follow-up experiments in which subjects rated the perceived intensity of individual sensation qualities showed that desensitization dramatically reduced the burning and stinging/pricking components of irritation, but left the sensations of numbness and chemogenic warmth unchanged. It is concluded that lingual chemesthetic sensations are multidimensional, and mediated by both capsaicinsensitive and capsaicin-insensitive sensory pathways.
Structure and properties of amine‐hardened epoxy/benzoxazine hybrids: Effect of epoxy resin functionality (2011)

Abstract Bifunctional, trifunctional, and tetrafunctional epoxy resins (EP) were hardened with stoichiometric amount of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane in presence and absence of benzoxazine (BOX). The EP/BOX ratio of the hybrid systems was 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 wt %, respectively. Information on the structure of the hybrid systems was received from differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic‐mechanical thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy, and fractographic studies. The flexural and fracture mechanical properties of the EP/BOX hybrids were determined and compared to those of the reference EPs. The thermal degradation and fire resistance of the hybrids were also studied. It was found that the polymerized BOX was built in the network in from of nanoscale inclusions and acted as antiplasticizer. Incorporation of BOX enhanced the flexural modulus and strength and reduced the glass transition temperature of the parent EP. The fracture toughness and energy were practically not improved by hybridization with BOX. The charring and flame resistance were improved with increasing amount of BOX in the EP/BOX hybrids. The relative improvement in the latter was most prominent for the bifunctional EP/BOX systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Piezo-photovoltaic device operations (2008)

We consider thin-film PV operations in a situation when one of the films possesses piezo- (pyro-) electric properties. Two types of such systems are CdTe and CIGS PV, both using well-known piezoelectric material CdS as a part of their structure. We model device operation for two cases of CdS layer polarization in a range of realistic values of electric field and compare it with standard p-n junction picture. Behavior of major PV parameters and practical ways of device optimization are discussed. We show that field reversal in piezo- (pyro-) photovoltaics is generally beneficial and makes the PV technology more forgiving and reliable.
Practitioner′s Corner (1991)

The article discusses fundamental changes in the UK labour market; opportunities the Government is helping to create for individuals to play a greater part in their own development (Training and Education Councils, Training Credits, Career Development Loans, National Vocational Qualifications); the role of employers in training; and the steps Government is taking to raise training higher on the business agenda (National Training Awards, the “Investors in People” standard).
Accelerating Technology Acceptance: Overview (2005)

Abstract The slow pace of technology acceptance is a concern for many in the oil and gas industry. A group of over 90 executives and leaders of the industry gathered in mid-March to discuss and analyze the causes and recommend steps to accelerate technology acceptance. Six issues were identified as determining factors for rate of technology acceptance in this industry. Each was discussed in depth during half-day-long breakout sessions and results are presented in companion papers by other authors1,2,3,4,5,6. The group also had a number of summary recommendations for accelerating technology acceptance. These were: Encourage active participation of company leadership Create technology-receptive company cultures Focus on value proposition Create incentives and rewards for successful use of technology Introduce mechanisms to reduction risk for early adopters Align the goals of operators and service companies Increase funding and involvement of venture capital for technology Encourage oil industry personnel to be more receptive to technology Communication of success stories more effectively This paper provides the historical background of the topic and presents a list of general items recommended by the group. Discussion of each specific topic of the breakout sessions along with results and recommendations are presented in companion papers.
Implementation and evaluation of a docking‐rescoring method using molecular footprint comparisons (2011)

A docking-rescoring method, based on per-residue van der Waals (VDW), electrostatic (ES), or hydrogen bond (HB) energies has been developed to aid discovery of ligands that have interaction signatures with a target (footprints) similar to that of a reference. Biologically useful references could include known drugs, inhibitors, substrates, transition states, or side-chains that mediate protein-protein interactions. Termed footprint similarity (FPS) score, the method, as implemented in the program DOCK, was validated and characterized using: (1) pose identification, (2) crossdocking, (3) enrichment, and (4) virtual screening. Improvements in pose identification (6–12%) were obtained using footprint-based (FPS(VDW+ES)) vs. standard DOCK (DCE(VDW+ES)) scoring as evaluated on three large datasets (680–775 systems) from the SB2010 database. Enhanced pose identification was also observed using FPS (45.4% or 70.9%) compared with DCE (17.8%) methods to rank challenging crossdocking ensembles from carbonic anhydrase. Enrichment tests, for three representative systems, revealed FPSVDW+ES scoring yields significant early fold enrichment in the top 10% of ranked databases. For EGFR, top FPS poses are nicely accommodated in the molecular envelope defined by the reference in comparison with DCE, which yields distinct molecular weight bias toward larger molecules. Results from a representative virtual screen of ca. 1 million compounds additionally illustrate how ligands with footprints similar to a known inhibitor can readily be identified from within large commercially available databases. By providing an alternative way to rank ligand poses in a simple yet directed manner we anticipate that FPS scoring will be a useful tool for docking and structure-based design.
Proteins behaving badly. Substoichiometric molecular control and amplification of the initiation and nature of amyloid fibril formation: lessons from and for blood clotting (2016)

The chief and largely terminal element of normal blood clotting is considered to involve the polymerisation of the mainly α-helical fibrinogen to fibrin, with a binding mechanism involving 'knobs and holes' but with otherwise little change in protein secondary structure. We recognise, however, that extremely unusual mutations or mechanical stressing can cause fibrinogen to adopt a conformation containing extensive β-sheets. Similarly, prions can change morphology from a largely α-helical to largely β-sheet conformation, and the latter catalyses both the transition and the self-organising polymerisation of the β-sheet structures. Many other proteins can also do this, where it is known as amyloidogenesis. When fibrin is formed in samples from patients harbouring different diseases it can have widely varying diameters and morphologies. We here develop the idea, and summarise the evidence, that in many cases the anomalous fibrin fibre formation seen in such diseases actually amounts to amyloidogenesis. In particular, fibrin can interact with the amyloid-β (Aβ) protein that is misfolded in Alzheimer's disease. Seeing these unusual fibrin morphologies as true amyloids explains a great deal about fibrin(ogen) biology that was previously opaque, and provides novel strategies for treating such coagulopathies. The literature on blood clotting can usefully both inform and be informed by that on prions and on the many other widely recognised (β-)amyloid proteins. A preprint has been lodged in bioRxiv (Kell and Pretorius, 2016).
Synthesis and catalytic properties of titanium-substituted silicoaluminophosphate TAPSO-5 (1994)

A. Tuel and Y. B. Taârit, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1667 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001667
Permeability enhancement techniques for poorly permeable drugs: A review. (2012)

Need for an oral replacement to parenteral delivery has led to renewed attentiveness in excipients like intestinal permeation enhancers which improve oral drug bioavailability. Delivery of a drug by oral route is predominantly restricted by pre-systemic degradation and poor penetration across the gut wall. The major challenge in the oral drug delivery is the development of novel dosage forms to endorse absorption of poorly permeable drugs across the intestinal epithelium. Fifty years ago research on oral absorption enhancers that increases gut permeability was first commenced yet clinical success yet to be achieved. Development has been troubled by lack of adequate reproducibility interest as well as perceived safety concerns. We reviewed some selected permeation enhancement techniques that are advantageous for increasing permeability of poorly permeable drugs.
Stereoscopic displays and visual comfort: a review (2007)

Introduction If three-dimensional television (3D-TV) and its desktop counterpart for 3D gaming are to be successful, visual comfort must at least be comparable to conventional display standards. Technical choices and compromises made throughout the entire chain of stereoscopic image generation, transmission, rendering, and display can affect the overall visual comfort experienced by the viewer. In fact, visual discomfort associated with stereoscopic displays is often cited as one of the main barriers to rapid diffusion and customer acceptance of this technology in the marketplace. Numerous human factors studies have looked at elements of the stereoscopic imaging chain to assess and quantify their impact on visual comfort. Introduction of new stereoscopic data formats (e.g., RGB + depth), as well as increased commercialization of stereoscopic displays in both home and professional markets, motivated this in-depth review of empirical studies focused on visual comfort. Our aim is to assess the current state of the art, formulate criteria and scope conditions for visual comfort, and identify potential areas that could benefit from further study. Although visual discomfort is often regarded as a serious health concern associated with displays, it appears to be a somewhat ambiguous concept, with numerous and widespread causes, symptoms, and associated indicators. Moreover, it is often used interchangeably with the notion of visual fatigue. We define visual fatigue as a decrease in performance of the visual system, measured through, for example, the speed of accommodation of the eyes’ lenses. As such, it is an objectivelymeasurable criterion that is of particular value for ascertaining long-term adaptive processes of the visual system. However, to distinguish clinically significant visual fatigue from unproblematic, functional adaptations of the visual system, we need to incorporate a Figure 1. Limits of depth of focus (DOF) and binocular disparity for different viewing distances .
Geocasting in mobile ad hoc networks: location-based multicast algorithms (1999)

The paper addresses the problem of geocasting in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) environments. Geocasting is a variant of the conventional multicasting problem. For multicasting, conventional protocols define a multicast group as a collection of hosts which register to a multicast group address. However for geocasting, the group consists of the set of all nodes within a specified geographical region. Hosts within the specified region at a given time form the geocast group at that time. We present two different algorithms for delivering packets to such a group, and present simulation results.
SPEED: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks (2004)

In this paper, we present a real-time communication protocol for sensor networks, called SPEED. The protocol provides three types of real-time communication services, namely, real-time unicast, real-time area-multicast and real-time area-anycast. SPEED is specifically tailored to be a stateless, localized algorithm with minimal control overhead End-to-end soft real-time communication is achieved by maintaining a desired delivery speed across the sensor network through a novel combination of feedback control and non-deterministic geographic forwarding. SPEED is a highly efficient and scalable protocol for sensor networks where the resources of each node are scarce. Theoretical analysis, simulation experiments and a real implementation on Berkeley motes are provided to validate our claims.