gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multisensory data exploitation using advanced image fusion and adaptive colorization (2008)

Multisensory data usually present complimentary information such as visual-band imagery and infrared imagery. There is strong evidence that the fused multisensor imagery increases the reliability of interpretation, and the colorized multisensor imagery improves observer performance and reaction times. In this paper, we propose an optimized joint approach of image fusion and colorization in order to synthesize and enhance multisensor imagery such that the resulting imagery can be automatically analyzed by computers (for target recognition) and easily interpreted by human users (for visual analysis). The proposed joint approach provides two sets of synthesized images, a fused image in grayscale and a colorized image in color using a fusion procedure and a colorization procedure, respectively. The proposed image fusion procedure is based on the advanced discrete wavelet (<i>a</i>DWT) transform. The fused image quality (IQ) can be further optimized with respect to an IQ metric by implementing an iterative <i>a</i>DWT procedure. On the other hand, the daylight coloring technique renders the multisensor imagery with natural colors, which human users are use to observing in everyday life. We hereby propose to locally colorize the multisensor imagery segment by mapping the color statistics of the multisensor imagery to that of the daylight images, with which the colorized images resemble daylight pictures. This local coloring procedure also involves histogram analysis, image segmentation, and pattern recognition. The joint fusion and colorization approach can be performed automatically and adaptively regardless of the image contents. Experimental results with multisensor imagery showed that the fused image is informative and clear, and the colored image appears realistic and natural. We anticipate that this optimized joint approach for multisensor imagery will help improve target recognition and visual analysis.
Interstitial lung diseases. 1: Diagnosis and investigation. (2007)

This is part 1 of a two-part unit on interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The unit aims to unravel some misunderstandings surrounding ILDs and discusses how nurses can help to inform and support patients. It examines the background, diagnosis and investigation of ILDs.
Magnetic properties of <i>R</i>Mn2Ge2 compounds (<i>R</i>=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Cd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Th) (1975)

Magnetic properties RMn2Ge2 compounds where R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Th have been investigated from 4.2 to 500 K. LaMn2Ge2, CeMn2Ge2, PrMn2Ge2, and NdMn2Ge2 are ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures of 306, 316, 334, and 334 K, respectively. The heavy rare-earth compounds do not order ferromagnetically until low temperatures. GdMn2Ge2 shows a sharp magnetic transition at 97 K both in the magnetization-vs-temperature and resistivity-vs-temperature data. For this compound, it is proposed that above 97 K the Mn moments order antiferromagnetically among themselves while the Gd moments are disordered. Below 97 K the Mn moments couple ferromagnetically with each other but are opposed to the ordered Gd sublattice. Magnetic moment obtained at 4.2 K can be explained for all the compounds on the basis of an antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn and rare-earth spins.
Medicinal Use of Cocaine: A Shifting Paradigm Over 25 Years (2004)

The clinical use of cocaine in otolaryngology has decreased significantly in the past 25 years as a result of discontinuation of use by physicians who had previously used cocaine and an increasing number of otolaryngologists who have never used it. This decline may reflect a better understanding of its potential toxicities, problems associated with storing and dispensing of a tightly controlled substance, increased availability of safer alternative medications, or a combination of these.
Polygenic transmission and complex neuro developmental network for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Genome‐wide association study of both common and rare variants (2013)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex polygenic disorder. This study aimed to discover common and rare DNA variants associated with ADHD in a large homogeneous Han Chinese ADHD case-control sample. The sample comprised 1,040 cases and 963 controls. All cases met DSM-IV ADHD diagnostic criteria. We used the Affymetrix6.0 array to assay both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Genome-wide association analyses were performed using PLINK. SNP-heritability and SNP-genetic correlations with ADHD in Caucasians were estimated with genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). Pathway analyses were performed using the Interval enRICHment Test (INRICH), the Disease Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE), and the Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT). We did not find genome-wide significance for single SNPs but did find an increased burden of large, rare CNVs in the ADHD sample (P = 0.038). SNP-heritability was estimated to be 0.42 (standard error, 0.13, P = 0.0017) and the SNP-genetic correlation with European Ancestry ADHD samples was 0.39 (SE 0.15, P = 0.0072). The INRICH, DAPPLE, and GREAT analyses implicated several gene ontology cellular components, including neuron projections and synaptic components, which are consistent with a neurodevelopmental pathophysiology for ADHD. This study suggested the genetic architecture of ADHD comprises both common and rare variants. Some common causal variants are likely to be shared between Han Chinese and Caucasians. Complex neurodevelopmental networks may underlie ADHD's etiology.
Views, Objects, and Databases (1986)

Objects provide a useful abstraction in programming languages; views provide a similar abstraction in databases. Since databases provide for persistent and shared data storage, view concepts will avoid problems occurring when persistent objects are to be shared. Direct storage of objects disables sharing.
Role of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Reducing Superoxide Anion Generation in Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages (1998)

Aveolar macrophages (AM) may contribute to airway inflammation via release of superoxide anion (O2-). Elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels has been shown to suppress O2- generation, although the exact mechanism is uncertain. To examine the inhibitory effect of cAMP against different stimuli for O2- generation, we compared the effect of cAMP on O2- generation caused by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a direct protein kinase C activator, and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), which couples its membrane receptor and stimulates guanosine triphosphate binding protein, in guinea pig AM. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme inhibitors or CPT-cAMP, a cAMP analogue, were used in order to increase intracellular cAMP levels. The O2- generation caused by either PMA or FMLP was reduced by cilostazol (PDE 3 inhibitor) and Ro20-1724 (PDE 4 inhibitor), but not by zaprinast (PDE 5 inhibitor). The degree of reduction in O2- generation was not different between PMA and FMLP. Furthermore, CPT-cAMP also reduced PMA- or FMLP-induced O2- generation to a similar degree, although only high concentrations (10(-5) or 10(-4) mol/l) of this agent were effective in producing significant inhibition. A remarkable elevation of the cAMP level is required to produce the inhibitory effect on O2- generation in guinea pig AM. An elevation of cAMP may suppress O2- generation by inhibiting plural sites of the intracellular signaling pathways.
A possible alteration in the permeability of ascites cell membranes after exposure to acoustic microstreaming (1973)

ABSTRACT Single-cell suspensions of mouse Ehrlich ascites cells in isotonic saline were subjected to a small-scale acoustic microstreaming field generated around a transversely oscillating wire. Cells sheared at wire displacement amplitudes below the threshold for membrane rupture contained more fluid than their controls. Evidence is presented which suggests that a slight change has occurred in the permeability of the plasma membranes of the intact sheared cells.
Fabrication optimization of a micro-spherical fiber probe with the Taguchi method (2007)

This paper describes a low-cost and efficient method to fabricate a micro-spherical fiber probe using a commercial fiber fusion splicer based on the Taguchi method. Based on the principles of electric arc discharging energy absorption and the surface tension phenomenon, a microsphere can be formed at the end of the optical glass fiber. The optimum parameters to control the geometrical accuracy of the probe were selected according to the Taguchi method with the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance processes. From the results, a spherical probe about 310 µm in diameter with less than 1 µm in roundness error could be produced using a 125 µm diameter single-mode optical fiber. The offset distance between the ball center and the fiber stylus central line due to the gravity effect could also be controlled to less than 1 µm after optimization of the parameters. The microprobe can be used for the contact-type stylus head to enhance the resolution and extend the capability of measuring meso- to micro-objects.
3-D face structure extraction and recognition from images using 3-D morphing and distance mapping (2002)

We describe a novel approach for creating a three-dimensional (3-D) face structure from multiple image views of a human face taken at a priori unknown poses by appropriately morphing a generic 3-D face. A cubic explicit polynomial in 3-D is used to morph a generic face into the specific face structure. The 3-D face structure allows for accurate pose estimation as well as the synthesis of virtual images to be matched with a test image for face identification. The estimation of a 3-D person's face and pose estimation is achieved through the use of a distance map metric. This distance map residual error (geometric-based face classifier) and the image intensity residual error are fused in identifying a person in the database from one or more arbitrary image view(s). Experimental results are shown on simulated data in the presence of noise, as well as for images of real faces, and promising results are obtained.
Pyridazines 92. Synthesis of dialkyldipyridazinodiazepinones as potential HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2001)

Abstract Two methods for the preparation of dialkylsubstituted dipyridazino[4,3‐ b :3′,4′‐ e ][1,4]diazepinones and dipyridazino[3,4‐ b :3′,4′‐ e ][1,4]diazepinones are reported. The new compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV‐1(III B ) and HIV‐2(ROD)] in MT‐4 cells.
An Android-based automotive middleware architecture for plug-and-play of applications (2012)

Modern vehicles are getting increasingly smarter and evolving to become new mobile computing platforms. As the software platformization of vehicles advances, the demands for reconfigurable cars, installing and upgrading vehicle software as plug-and-play have also grown. However, the existing automotive software platforms are not designed for dynamic reconfiguration and plug-and-play. This paper addresses the plug-and-play challenge in the recent automotive systems. Drawing from recent advancements in the mobile phone operating systems, we propose an Android-based software architecture which supports the play-and-play in automotive systems. In our architecture, an application can be downloaded from cloud services and executed on ECUs in a distributed fashion. Before installing an application, our system performs schedulability analysis to check real-time performance requirements for recent vehicles. We also present a model-based development tool for designing a workflow of automotive applications for our system. We implement a prototype and demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Phospholipase D is present on Golgi-enriched membranes and its activation by ADP ribosylation factor is sensitive to brefeldin A. (1995)

ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that regulates the binding of coat proteins to membranes and is required for several stages of vesicular transport. ARF also stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which can alter the lipid content of membranes by conversion of phospholipids into phosphatidic acid. Abundant PLD activity was found in Golgi-enriched membranes from several cell lines. Golgi PLD activity was greatly stimulated by ARF and GTP analogs and this stimulation could be inhibited by brefeldin A (BFA), a drug that blocks binding of ARF to Golgi membranes. Furthermore, in Golgi membranes from BFA-resistant PtK1 cells, basal PLD activity was high and not stimulated by exogenous ARF or GTP analogs. Thus, ARF activates PLD on the Golgi complex, suggesting a possible link between transport events and the underlying architecture of the lipid bilayer.
Convergence of mobile devices with external high-quality UI devices (2011)

This paper presents a technique for an Android mobile device to best utilize its surrounding external display device such as high-definition TV, in order to overcome the size and resolution limitation of the small LCD in the mobile device. Unlike current techniques that simply expand the LCD screen image to an external large display, our technique dynamically changes the resolution adapting to capability of the external display. For this, we first identify technical hurdles in the Android platform for dynamic resolution adaptation. Then, we propose novel mechanisms to effectively address the technical hurdles. Those mechanisms are actually implemented on an Android mobile device, called “Odroid”. We also validate the usefulness of our mechanisms through user study.
Synthese von 3‐(2‐Indolyl)‐acrylsäurederivaten (1977)

Abstract Durch Knoevenagel ‐Reaktion des Indol‐2‐aldehyds ( 3 ) mit CH‐aciden Verbindungen werden die 3‐(2‐Indolyl)‐acrylsäurederivate 4 – 10 erhalten.
Lamivudine treatment in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma--using an untreated, matched control cohort. (2005)

Lamivudine is widely used to treat patients with hepatitis B. However, the outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lamivudine have not been established. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of lamivudine treatment for patients with HCC using an untreated, matched control group. Thirty patients with controlled HCC orally received lamivudine. As controls, 40 patients with HCC who were not treated with lamivudine and matched for clinical features were selected. The lamivudine-treated and untreated groups were compared with respect to changes in liver function, HCC recurrence, survival, and cause of death. In the lamivudine-treated group, there was significant improvement in the Child-Pugh score at 24 months after starting treatment, while no improvement was observed in the untreated group. There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence and survival between the groups. However, there was a significant difference in the cumulative incidence of death due to liver failure (P= 0.043). A significant improvement in liver function was achieved by lamivudine treatment, even in patients with HCC. These results suggest that lamivudine treatment for patients with HCC may prevent death due to liver failure. Further prospective randomized studies using a larger number of patients are required.
Occurrence of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (invited) (2000)

This article presents an overview of the necessary conditions for the formation of shape memory alloys (SMAs) and how these must overlap with the occurrence of ferromagnetism so that ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) may be formed. The electronic, elastic, and geometric conditions permit an understanding of the occurrence of Cu- and Fe-based SMAs as well as NiMnGa Heusler MSMAs except that the naively determined critical electron concentration for the latter, 7.3, disagrees with the values of 1.5 and 8.6 accepted for the Hume–Rothery phases and certain Fe-based systems.
DETECTION AND COMPENSATION ALGORITHM FOR BACKLIGHT IMAGES WITH FUZZY LOGIC AND ADAPTIVE COMPENSATION CURVE (2005)

This paper presents a new algorithm for detection and compensation of backlight images. The proposed technique attacks the weakness of the conventional backlight image processing methods such as over-saturation, losing contrast and so on. The proposed algorithm consists of two operation phases: detection and compensation phases. In the detection phase, we use the spatial position characteristic and histogram of backlight image to obtain two image indices, which can determine the backlight degree of an image. Fuzzy logic is then used to integrate these two indices into a final backlight index determining the final backlight degree of an image precisely. Second, in the compensation phase, to solve the over-saturation problem that exists usually in conventional image compensation methods, we propose the adaptive compensation-curve scheme to compensate and enhance the brightness of backlight images. The luminance of a backlight image is adjusted according to the compensation curve, which is adapted dynamically according to the backlight degree indicated by the backlight index estimated in the detection phase. The performance of the proposed technique is tested on 100 backlight images covering various kinds of backlight conditions and degrees. The experimental and comparison results clearly show the superiority of the proposed technique.
Activation for Catalysis of Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a from Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus </i><i>a</i><i>ureus</i> by Bacterial Cell Wall (2005)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired a unique penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP 2a, which has rendered the organism resistant to the action of all available beta-lactam antibiotics. The X-ray structure of PBP 2a shows the active site in a closed conformation, consistent with resistance to inhibition by beta-lactam antibiotics. However, it is known that PBP 2a avidly cross-links the S. aureus cell wall, which is its physiological function. It is shown herein that synthetic fragments of the bacterial cell wall bind in a saturable manner to PBP 2a and cause a conformational change in the protein that makes the active site more accessible to binding to a beta-lactam antibiotic. These observations and measurements point to a novel strategy by nature to keep the active site of PBP 2a sheltered from the inhibitory activity of the antibiotics, yet it becomes available to the polymeric cell wall by a requisite conformational change for the critical cell wall cross-linking reaction.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 27) (2005)

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July, 2005 are reviewed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid Dispersions of Oxeglitazar in PVP K17 and Poloxamer 407 by Supercritical Antisolvent and Coevaporation Methods (2006)

The objective of this work was to improve the dissolution rate and aqueous solubility of oxeglitazar. Solid dispersions of oxeglitazar in PVP K17 (polyvinilpyrrolidone) and Poloxamer 407 (polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer) were prepared by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) and coevaporation (CoE) methods. Drug-carrier formulations were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography, UV/VIS spectroscopy and in vitro dissolution tests. The highest dissolution rate (nearly 3-fold higher than raw drug) was achieved by preparation of drug/PVP K17 coevaporate. Oxeglitazar/PVP K17 solid dispersions were stabilized by hydrogen bonding but contained higher amount of residual DCM than Poloxamer 407 formulations regardless of the method of preparation. SAS prepared oxeglitazar/Poloxamer 407 dissolved more than two times faster than raw drug. However, unlike PVP K17, Poloxamer 407 did not form a single phase amorphous solid solution with oxeglitazar which has been manifested in higher degrees of crystallinity, too. Among the two techniques, evaluated in this work, conventional coevaporation resulted in higher amorphous content but SAS reduced residual solvent content more efficiently.
Inhibition of EGF Uptake by Nephrotoxic Antisense Drugs In Vitro and Implications for Preclinical Safety Profiling (2016)

Antisense oligonucleotide (AON) therapeutics offer new avenues to pursue clinically relevant targets inaccessible with other technologies. Advances in improving AON affinity and stability by incorporation of high affinity nucleotides, such as locked nucleic acids (LNA), have sometimes been stifled by safety liabilities related to their accumulation in the kidney tubule. In an attempt to predict and understand the mechanisms of LNA-AON-induced renal tubular toxicity, we established human cell models that recapitulate in vivo behavior of pre-clinically and clinically unfavorable LNA-AON drug candidates. We identified elevation of extracellular epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a robust and sensitive in vitro biomarker of LNA-AON-induced cytotoxicity in human kidney tubule epithelial cells. We report the time-dependent negative regulation of EGF uptake and EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling by toxic but not innocuous LNA-AONs and revealed the importance of EGFR signaling in LNA-AON-mediated decrease in cellular activity. The robust EGF-based in vitro safety profiling of LNA-AON drug candidates presented here, together with a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, constitutes a significant step toward developing safer antisense therapeutics.
Synthesis and properties of fatty imidazolines and their N‐(2‐aminoethyl) derivatives (1983)

Abstract Cationic high molecular weight surfactants hold promise as water repellents for soil for water harvesting. Specifically, the products of the reaction of 2 moles of fatty acids with 1 mole of diethylenetria‐mine were investigated. Optimum conditions for the formation of imidazolines as well as the open‐chain N‐(2‐aminoethyl) derivatives, i.e., the diamides, were determined. Saturated fatty acids, pelargonic through behenic, oleic acid, elaidic acid as well as tallow, tallow fatty acids, and hydrogenated tallow fatty acids, were converted in 6 hr at 150 C to form the diamides. The fatty imidazolines were synthesized by cyclizing the diamides at 150 C for 2 hr under reduced pressure in a 92% yield. The crude imidazolines were purified by crystallization. The fatty imidazolines were readily hydrolyzed at the C=N bond of the imidazoline ring with water or dilute alcohol. The resulting diamides, RCON(CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 NHCOR, were also purified by crystallization. Water repellency of these com‐pounds was evaluated by contact angle measurements and percola‐tion tests. The surface properties of these series of compounds are determined by four parameters. The open‐chain diamides are more hydrophobic than the analogous imidazolines, and hydrophobicity increases with increasing molecular weight of derivatives of saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid derivatives are far more hydrophilic than the saturated acid derivatives or the analogous elaidic acid derivatives. The latter are more hydrophilic than stearic derivatives.