gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
99Tcm-tetrofosmin: Evaluation of fractionated cold kits and two new methods of quality control (2000)

The fractionation of Myoview into 1:5 was followed by storage at -80 degrees C for 3 months. The kits were reconstituted with 3.5 GBq 99Tcm-pertechnetate and the average radiochemical purity (RCP) was maintained at 96.5 +/- 1.6% (n = 24) for 24 h. There was no difference in biodistribution between the 1:5 fraction and the full kit, especially with respect to myocardial uptake. These observations show that it is possible to fractionate and store Myoview kits at -80 degrees C and produce a product that is stable over 3 months. This provides a cost-effective method for using 99Tcm-tetrofosmin. Two new methods of determining RCP were also examined and found to give results that were not significantly different from the recommended manufacturer's method. A mini paper chromatography (MPC) method using Whatman 17 paper and a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate: acetone (1:9) and an Amprep SAX cartridge method using absolute ethanol as the solvent were found to be more rapid and reliable methods of quality control for this product.
Detection Network Anomalies Based on Packet and Flow Analysis (2008)

Anomalies generate vast amounts of bogus traffic, which can overwhelm the network and any attached hosts. Identifying traffic anomalies rapidly and accurately is critical to network stability and usefulness. Most papers focus on analyzing the volume of data or packets on the network. However, legitimate network traffic may be bursty or highly variable, rendering such naive approaches ineffective (Lakhina et al., 2005). We propose a novel method called MultiA to solve this problem. Rather than just looking at volumes of packets, MultiA intelligently adopted multistage filter and information entropy take into account the behavior of the network. The MultiA is scalable, automated and self-training. We find this technique effectively identifies network traffic anomalies while avoiding the high false alarms rate.
Bildung - die soziale Frage des 21. Jahrhunderts : Zusammenfassung des Vortrags auf dem Landeselterntag im November 2003 (2004)

Autor: Lenhardt, Gero; Genre: Zeitschriftenartikel; Im Druck veröffentlicht: 2004; Titel: Bildung - die soziale Frage des 21. Jahrhunderts: Zusammenfassung des Vortrags auf dem Landeselterntag im November 2003
Power-frequency control for VSC-HVDC during island operation (2006)

This paper presents a control system for the VSC-HVDC during island operation. Three-phase balanced faults are applied to investigate the dynamic performance of the system. Simulation results obtained by using PSCAD/EMTDC illustrate that the proposed control strategy can significantly improve the power quality of the system during faults. The current limit of the converters of the VSC-HVDC has a significant influence on the dynamic response of the system.
Axial-graded-index (AGRIN) lens-based eight-channel wavelength division demultiplexer for multimode fiber-optic systems (1998)

We have designed and fabricated the first multimode wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and demultiplexer (WDDM) based on axial graded index (AGRIN) lenses in conjunction with a volume holographic grating. The demonstration is made using a multimode fiber with a 50-μm core size. The diffraction-limited AGRIN lenses employed significantly increase the output coupling efficiency and reduce crosstalk when compared with the best homogeneous lens solutions previously reported. The volume holographic grating has a maximum diffraction efficiency of 92% at the center wavelength of 780 nm. An eight-channel WDDM device with a center wavelength of 780 nm and a channel separation of 4 nm is designed and demonstrated. The end-to-end insertion loss for each channel is between 2.8 and 3.8 dB. The maximum channel-to-channel crosstalk is -25 dB.
Detection of eye movements for controlling a television (2014)

This paper describes the protocol for controlling television using eye movements and the detection of the eye movements for switching television on and off. A model of remote television with four buttons was used and the suitable distance between the eye and the remote control was determined. The EOG signals were recorded from subjects when their eyes are moved left, right, up and down from the selected button on the remote control for turning television on and off. The eye movements obtained from these activities were detected using threshold technique. Using this technique, eye movements for turning television on and off can be detected successfully with a percentage of 90.74%.
SPIM: a pipelined 64*64-bit iterative multiplier (1989)

A 64*64-bit iterating multiplier, the Stanford pipelined iterative multiplier (SPIM), is presented. The pipelined array consists of a small tree of 4:2 adders. The 4:2 tree is better suited than a Wallace tree for a VLSI implementation because it is a more regular structure. A 4:2 carry-save accumulator at the bottom of the array is used to iteratively accumulate partial products, allowing a partial array to be used, which reduces area. SPIM was fabricated in a 1.6- mu m CMOS process. It has a core size of 3.8 mm*6.5 mm and contains 41000 transistors. The on-chip clock generator runs at an internal clock frequency of 85 MHz. The latency for a 64*64-bit fractional multiply is under 120 ns, with a pipeline rate of one multiply every 47 ns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New nursing structures (1997)

Lorene Reed and Susan Kent describe how the profile of nurse managers has been raised in their trust during a reconfiguration of the overall management structure
The Environment of Regulatory T Cell Biology: Cytokines, Metabolites, and the Microbiome (2015)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are suppressive T cells that have an essential role in maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance. Their development, either in the thymus, periphery, or experimentally in vitro, and stability and function all depend on the right mix of environmental stimuli. This review focuses on the effects of cytokines, metabolites, and the microbiome on both human and mouse Treg biology. The role of cytokines secreted by innate and adaptive immune cells in directing Treg development and shaping their function is well established. New and emerging data suggest that metabolites, such as retinoic acid, and microbial products, such as short-chain fatty acids, also have a critical role in guiding the functional specialization of Tregs. Overall, the complex interaction between distinct environmental stimuli results in unique, and in some cases tissue-specific, tolerogenic environments. Understanding the conditions that favor Treg induction, accumulation, and function is critical to defining the pathophysiology of many immune-mediated diseases and to developing new therapeutic interventions.
Preservation of resuspended red cell concentrates. Rate of vesiculation and of spontaneous hemolysis. (1987)

In resuspended red cell concentrates addition of sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol (30 mM final concentration each) to the SAG medium (150 mM NaCl, 50 mM glucose, 1.25 mM adenine) results in a significant reduction of the spontaneous hemolysis of the cells to about 25% after 3 weeks and to about 40% after 6 weeks preservation. Furthermore, in comparison to the SAG medium the vesiculation rate is reduced to about 40% after 3 weeks preservation. Clear cut differences in the effects between the three additives could not be found. The addition of guanosine (1.25 mM final concentration) to the SAG-sucrose or SAG-sorbitol medium has no significant effects on hemolysis and vesiculation.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Fused Pyrimidines. Part 7. 3‐(Dialkylamino)‐1H‐pyrimido(1,2‐a) quinolin‐1‐ones and 2‐(Dialkylamino)‐4H‐pyrimido(2,1‐a)isoquinolin‐4‐ ones as Antiplatelet Compounds. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical Performance Evaluation of Oil Spill Detection Methods: Thickness and Extent (2012)

The release of petroleum liquids in water, such as marine, riverine, and lacustrine basins, is a matter of concern that shoves authorities and experts to adopt technical approaches for preventing damages, monitoring oil content in water and cleaning up environmental aqueous matrices. In this paper, a dedicated system for oil spill detection is presented. The proposed system consists of an optical fiber sensor and an image processing unit useful to steer and optimize the measurement process. An optical fiber-based antenna sensor is used to detect the oil concentration in water. The sensor consists of two slanted optical probes acting as transmitter and receiver, respectively. Both probes are completely immersed into water being analyzed. The sensing approach is based on the measurement of the light coupling level affected by the reflectivity of the oil layer floating on the water surface. The experimental measurement of different types of oil is performed to assess the sensitivity of the developed system. Special attention is put on the image postelaboration useful to derive the characteristics of the oil distribution on the water surface. In this respect, two different image processing techniques are considered: the first one is based on a suitable energy-minimizing spline fitting procedure subject to external constraint forces, whereas a judicious use of the Hough transform is made in the second one.
Smooth reactive ion etching of GaAs using a hydrogen plasma pretreatment (1995)

Extremely smooth GaAs surfaces are attained after SiCl4 reactive ion etching by preparing the surface before etching with hydrogen plasma exposure to selectively remove the native surface oxides. Using this hydrogen plasma pretreatment, the surface morphology after etching is equivalent to that of the original surface since the etching proceeds uniformly through the GaAs without micromasking effects from a nonuniform surface oxide. The beneficial effects of the hydrogen plasma processing are observed in two different reactors and are found to be independent of the platen temperature during etching. Using atomic force microscopy we find an optimized hydrogen plasma process produces an etched surface morphology with an average surface roughness of 0.9–1.5 nm, as compared to the surface roughness of 0.6 nm before etching or as great as 11.8 nm after etching without the hydrogen plasma pretreatment.
The RING Domain and the L79 Residue of Z Protein Are Involved in both the Rescue of Nucleocapsids and the Incorporation of Glycoproteins into Infectious Chimeric Arenavirus-Like Particles (2009)

Arenaviruses, such as Tacaribe virus (TacV) and its closely related pathogenic Junin virus (JunV), are enveloped viruses with a bipartite negative-sense RNA genome that encodes the nucleocapsid protein (N), the precursor of the envelope glycoprotein complex (GP), the polymerase (L), and a RING finger protein (Z), which is the driving force of arenavirus budding. We have established a plasmid-based system which allowed the successful packaging of TacV-like nucleocapsids along with Z and GP of JunV into infectious virus-like particles (VLPs). By coexpressing different combinations of the system components, followed by biochemical analysis of the VLPs, the requirements for the assembly of both N and GP into particles were defined. We found that coexpression of N with Z protein in the absence of minigenome and other viral proteins was sufficient to recruit N within lipid-enveloped Z-containing VLPs. In addition, whereas GP was not required for the incorporation of N, coexpression of N substantially enhanced the ratio of GP to Z into VLPs. Disruption of the RING structure or mutation of residue L79 to alanine within Z protein, although it had no effect on Z self-budding, severely impaired VLP infectivity. These mutations drastically altered intracellular Z-N interactions and the incorporation of both N and GP into VLPs. Our results support the conclusion that the interaction between Z and N is required for assembly of both the nucleocapsids and the glycoproteins into infectious arenavirus budding particles.
Structural and Morphological Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered Nanocrystalline Vanadium Oxide Films for Thermochromic Smart Surfaces (2008)

Nanocrystalline vanadium oxide thin films have been deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates under different processing conditions. Structural analysis and phase identification have been carried out by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The surface morphologies of the different films have been examined by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD results revealed single and multiple phase oxides such as VO2(B), VO2(M), V2O5, etc. with considerable differences concerning to surface morphologies, as observed by SEM and AFM. The effects the O2/Ar flow ratio, DC current, and working pressure on the phases formed and growth rates is discussed. Moreover, VO2(M) films exhibited different morphologies concerning to grain size and shape as well as dissimilar preference in crystal orientation, as a result of the processing conditions. The optical/thermochromic response of the VO2(M) specimens deposited under different growth rate conditions was evaluated by optical spectrophotometry and related to the respective structural characteristics.
Pluggable Authentication Module for Windows NT (1998)

To meet the challenge of integrating new methods and technologies into the Internet security framework, it is useful to hide low-level authentication mechanisms from application programmers, system administrators, and users, replacing them with abstractions at a higher level. The Pluggable Authentication Method approach popular in Linux, Solaris, and CDE offers one such abstraction. To implement PAM in NT, we replaced the standard Graphical Identification and Authentication module with one that processes PAM tables. This provides security administrators with a flexible tool to plan and implement authentication policy across a wide range of computing platforms. GINA is woven into the NT logon procedure, making it a difficult module to test and debug. Our PAM-based GINA solves this problem by allowing authentication mechanisms to be replaced and tested without forcing a reboot. April 10, 1998 Center for Information Technology Integration University of Michigan 519 West William Street Ann...
Oxygen barrier properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends (1995)

Abstract Effects of composition, compatibilization, and blending procedure on oxygen barrier properties of injection‐molded polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends were investigated. The main attention was paid to the relationships between oxygen permeability, mechanical properties, and blend morphology. The effect of the polypropylene/polyamide 6 ratio was evident in blends with a homogeneous dispersion type of morphology. After the phase inversion, when polyamide became the continuous phase, the barrier properties of the blends were significantly improved and approached those of polyamide 6. Increasing the amount of the compatibilizer, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, was found to increase the permeability of the blend. The blending procedure had a significant effect on the permeability of the blends. The injection‐molded blend exhibited a laminar type of morphology when polyamide 6 and the compatibilizer were preblended in a twin‐screw extruder, and polypropylene was added later as a dry‐blend before injection molding. The dispersed polyamide phase formed thin elongated platelets in the polypropylene matrix. This laminar morphology resulted in significant improvement of oxygen barrier properties approaching the level of the theoretical values calculated for corresponding coextruded structures. Moreover, both the tensile and impact properties of this particular blend were exceptionally good. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simultaneous magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion (MRAP) measurement: Initial application in lower extremity skeletal muscle (2013)

MRAP provides simultaneous high-resolution MRA and quantitative DCE exams to assess large and small vessels with a single contrast dose. Application in skeletal muscle shows quantitative, repeatable perfusion measurements, and the ability to measure physiological differences.
Continuous Isosorbide Production From Sorbitol Using Solid Acid Catalysis (2006)

This is a final report for a project funded by the US Department of Agriculture and managed by the US Department of Energy. The Iowa Corn Promotion Board was the principal contracting entity for the grant. The Iowa Corn Promotion Board subcontracted with General Electric, Pacific Northwest National Lab and New Jersey Institute of Technology to conduct research in this project. The Iowa Corn Promotion Board and General Electric provided cost share for the project. The purpose of this diverse collaboration was to integrate both the conversion and the polymer applications into one project and increase the likelihood of success. This project has led to additional collaborations among other polymer companies. The goals of the project were to develop a renewable route to isosorbide for commercialization that is economically competitive with all existing production technologies and to develop new applications for isosorbide in various products such as polymers and materials. Under this program a novel process for the production of isosorbide was developed and evaluated. The novel process converts corn based sorbitol into isosorbide using a solid catalyst with integrated water removal and product recovery. In addition the work under this program has identified several novel products based on isosorbide chemistries. These market applications include: epoxy resins, UV stabilizers, plasticizers and polyesters. These market applications have commercial interest within the current polymer industry. This report contains an overview summary of the accomplishments. Six inventions and four patent applications have been written as a result of this project. Additional data will be published in the patent applications. The data developed at New Jersey Institute of Technology was presented at two technical conferences held in June of 2006. Several companies have made inquiries about using this material in their products.
Hansch analysis 50 years on (2012)

Abstract The invention of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) launched the use of computers to understand the multiple factors that contribute to the relationship between the chemical and biological properties of molecules. The original Hansch–Fujita QSAR continues to be performed to this day, fifty years since its inception. In addition, it has inspired vigorous research that has inspired many related methods: for example, methods that use descriptors such as substructures or three‐dimensional features or methods that are based on mathematical models such as partial least squares or recursive partitioning. The influence of QSAR is felt in the recognition of the value of predictions from such models by regulatory agencies and by the widespread use of octanol–water log P in agricultural, environmental, and medicinal chemistry. This article is categorized under: Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
ESP "Smart Flow" Integrates Quality and Control Data for Diagnostics and Optimization in Real Time (2013)

Abstract Intelligent digital oilfield (iDOF) operations include the transfer, monitoring, visualization, analysis, and interpretation of real-time data. Enabling this process requires a significant investment to upgrade surface, subsurface, and well instrumentation and also the installation of a sophisticated infrastructure for data transmission and visualization. Once upgraded, the system then has the capability to transfer massive quantities of data, converting it into real information at the right time. The transformation of raw data into information is achieved through intelligent, automated work processes, which are referred to here as "smart flows," which assist engineers in their daily well surveillance activities, helping make them more productive and improve decision making. A major oil and gas operator in the Middle East has invested in such an infrastructure and is developing a set of smart flows for key activities and work flows for its production operations, with the ultimate goal of improved asset performance. The project includes a smart flow to monitor, diagnose, and optimize wells that include electric submersible pumps (ESP); 50% of the wells in this field use ESPs. The ESP smart flow includes leading-edge technologies, such as: variable speed drive controller, subsurface equipment and sensors, advanced diagnostics based on artificial-intelligence agents, analysis of sensors signals, and automatically identifying ESP optimum operating conditions. Using a steady-state nodal-analysis model combined with an artificial intelligent technique, the ESP smart flow is designed to provide rapid diagnostics and optimization in real time, generating actions, such as decreasing and increasing the pump frequency and choke setting. The ultimate benefit is to detect the signals that foresee unexpected well downtime and predict ESP system pump failures. The paper describes the main functionalities of the ESP smart flow as a powerful optimization tool that is capable of providing an interactive monitoring system that can assist operations personnel in managing ESP-operated wells.
A comprehensive review of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) (2005)

The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) was developed to assess the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on cognitive functioning. Subsequent research has shown that the PASAT has clinical utility in detecting impairments in cognitive processing in patients with a wide variety of neuropsychological syndromes. Gronwall and Sampson (1974) originally assumed the PASAT measured speed of information processing. However, the PASAT is now recognized as a measure of multiple functional domains because it requires the successful completion of a variety of cognitive functions, primarily those related to attention. While the PASAT has demonstrated good psychometric properties such as high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, several issues should be considered when administering and interpreting this test. For example, test-retest scores show that the PASAT is extremely susceptible to practice effects. The PASAT is also negatively affected by increasing age, decreasing IQ, and low math ability. Administration of the PASAT creates an undue amount of anxiety and frustration in participants which affects their performance on this and other neuropsychological tests, and may subsequently increase their reluctance to return for follow up testing. Demands for rapid responding place individuals with speech or language impairment at a distinct disadvantage, as it does for those who naturally speak slowly for cultural or geographic reasons. In conclusion, the PASAT represents a reliable test that has legitimate but restricted clinical applications. A low score on the PASAT may not necessarily indicate or confirm the presence of neurological pathology. The PASAT is a highly sensitive, non-specific test and as such, care must be taken to identify the reasons underlying any low score before interpreting it as clinically significant.