gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid induction of autoantibodies by endogenous ovarian antigens and activated T cells: implication in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and B cell tolerance (1996)

Animals immunized with nuclear antigenic peptides produce autoantibodies to distant antigenic sites and neighboring Ags within a multimolecular complex. This has led to the hypothesis that induction of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases might be triggered by a T cell epitope. We have investigated the T to B epitope spreading phenomenon based on the murine autoimmune oophoritis model. Mice immunized with a ZP3 T cell peptide spontaneously produced amplified autoantibodies (amAb) against linear ZP3 B cell epitopes outside the peptide immunogen. Each ZP3 B cell peptide, chimerized to a foreign promiscuous T cell epitope, elicited Ab to the peptide within the native ZP3 molecule. Mice with amAb often had no oophoritis; but more importantly, bilateral ovariectomy 1 day before ZP3 T epitope injection inhibited the induction of the amAb response, whereas ovariectomy 2 to 4 days after immunization was not inhibitory. Because endogenous ovarian Ag depletion before detectable ZP3 T cell response (day 5) and oophoritis (day 7) failed to prevent the amAb response, the autoantibodies are likely stimulated by endogenous ZP3 Ags present outside the normal ovaries. AmAb, of only the IgG class, appeared on day 7; this was 2 to 3 days after detectable T cell response, and 5 to 6 days before A response to the T cell peptide immunogen. The rapid, class-switched amAb response indicates that B cells in female mice are not tolerant to self ovarian Ag and they may normally be primed by ZP3. As evidence for their pathogenic potentials, amAb were produced in response to oophoritogenic, nonovarian T cell peptides that mimic ZP3; moreover, an excellent correlation existed between amAb titers and fertility reduction.
Pressure (1-1000 bars) and temperature (20-100.degree.C) dependence of the viscosity of liquid hydrocarbons (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPressure (1-1000 bars) and temperature (20-100.degree.C) dependence of the viscosity of liquid hydrocarbonsD. Ducoulombier, H. Zhou, C. Boned, J. Peyrelasse, H. Saint-Guirons, and P. XansCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 8, 1692–1700Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100399a047https://doi.org/10.1021/j100399a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views628Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Skin Photoprotection by Green Tea: Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects (2003)

Because of a characteristic aroma and health benefits, green tea is consumed worldwide as a popular beverage. The epicatechin derivatives, commonly called polyphenols, present in green tea possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. The major and most highly chemopreventive constituent in green tea responsible for the biochemical or pharmacological effects is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Epidemiological, clinical and biological studies have implicated that solar ultraviolet (UV) light is a complete carcinogen and repeated exposure can lead to the development of various skin disorders including melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. We and others have shown that topical treatment or oral consumption of green tea polyphenols (GTP) inhibit chemical carcinogen- or UV radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis in different laboratory animal models. Topical treatment of GTP and EGCG or oral consumption of GTP resulted in prevention of UVB-induced inflammatory responses, immunosuppression and oxidative stress, which are the biomarkers of several skin disease states. Topical application of GTP and EGCG prior to exposure of UVB protects against UVB-induced local as well as systemic immune suppression in laboratory animals, which was associated with the inhibition of UVB-induced infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes. Prevention of UVB-induced suppression of immune responses by EGCG was also associated with the reduction in immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 production at UV irradiated skin and draining lymph nodes, whereas IL-12 production was significantly enhanced in draining lymph nodes. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of green tea were also observed in human skin. Treatment of EGCG to human skin resulted in the inhibition of UVB-induced erythema, oxidative stress and infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes. We also showed that treatment of GTP to human skin prevents UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers formation, which are considered to be mediators of UVB-induced immune suppression and skin cancer induction. The in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies suggest that green tea polyphenols are photoprotective in nature, and can be used as pharmacological agents for the prevention of solar UVB light-induced skin disorders including photoaging, melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers after more clinical trials in humans.
Hormonal Induction of Polo-Like Kinases (Plks) and Impact of Plk2 on Cell Cycle Progression in the Rat Ovary (2012)

The highly conserved polo-like kinases (Plks) are potent regulators of multiple functions in the cell cycle before and during mitotic cell division. We investigated the expression pattern of Plk genes and their potential role(s) in the rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Plk2 and Plk3 were highly induced both in intact ovaries and granulosa cells in vivo after treatment with the luteinizing hormone (LH) agonist, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In vitro, hCG stimulated the expression of Plk2 in granulosa cells, but not Plk3. This induction of Plk2 expression was mimicked by both forskolin and phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Moreover, Plk2 expression was reduced by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis or the EGF pathway, but not by progesterone receptor antagonist (RU486) treatment. At the promoter level, mutation of the Sp1 binding sequence abolished the transcriptional activity of the Plk2 gene. ChIP assays also revealed the interaction of endogenous Sp1 protein in the Plk2 promoter region. Functionally, the over-expression of Plk2 and Plk3 arrested granulosa cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, the knockdown of Plk2 expression in granulosa cells decreased the number of cells in the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle, but increased granulosa cell viability. In summary, hCG induced Plk2 and Plk3 expression in the rat ovary. Prostaglandins and the EGF signaling pathway are involved in regulating Plk2 expression. The transcription factor Sp1 is important for Plk2 transcriptional up-regulation. Our findings suggest that the increase in Plk2 and Plk3 expression contributes to the cell cycle arrest of granulosa cells which is important for the luteinization of granulosa cells during the periovulatory period.
Malate dehydrogenase. X. Fluorescence microtitration studies of D-malate, hydroxymalonate, nicotinamide dinucleotide, and dihydronicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide binding by mitochondrial and supernatant porcine heart enzymes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMalate dehydrogenase. X. Fluorescence microtitration studies of D-malate, hydroxymalonate, nicotinamide dinucleotide, and dihydronicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide binding by mitochondrial and supernatant porcine heart enzymesJ. J. Holbrook and R. G. WolfeCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 13, 2499–2502Publication Date (Print):June 20, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00763a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00763a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Apolipoprotein B signal peptide insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with Ag epitopes and involved in the determination of serum triglyceride levels. (1990)

We have investigated the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the signal peptide region of the apoB gene in 106 Finnish individuals from North Karelia. The relative frequency of the insertion allele in this sample was 0.73. Strong linkage disequilibrium was detected between this apoB insertion/deletion polymorphism and the Ag(c/g) epitope pair of apoB, while weak linkage disequilibrium was detected between the polymorphism and the four other reported Ag epitope pairs [(a1/d), (x/y), (h/i) and (t/z)], as well as the apoB PvuII and the XbaI RFLPs. Using one-way analysis of variance there was a statistically significant association (P less than 0.05) between the apoB insertion/deletion polymorphism and serum triglyceride levels in this sample. Individuals homozygous for the insertion allele had higher triglyceride levels than individuals homozygous for the deletion allele, while individuals heterozygous for the polymorphism had intermediate levels. These differences were reduced when individuals were consuming a low fat diet but were statistically significant when the individuals returned to their normal diet. It is possible that insertion or deletion of three hydrophobic amino acids (leu-ala-leu) from the signal peptide of apoB may have a direct effect on plasma triglyceride levels by altering the intracellular processing of apoB or apoB-containing lipoproteins in the liver or intestine.
Syntheses and Reactions of 2-Ethylthio- or 2-Phenylthio-2-cycloalkenones (1971)

Abstract 2-Ethylthio- or 2-phenylthio-2-cycloalkenones (five-, six-, or seven-membered ring) were obtained in high yields by the reactions of alicyclic β-ketosulfonium salts with sulfenamides. It was found that dihydrofuran derivatives were obtained in good yields from the sulfonium salts of the cycloalkenones and active methylene compounds.
Silver: an Extensible Attribute Grammar System (2008)

Attribute grammar specification languages, like many domain specific languages, offer significant advantages to their users, such as high-level declarative constructs and domain-specific analyses. Despite these advantages, attribute grammars are often not adopted to the degree that their proponents envision. One practical obstacle to their adoption is a perceived lack of both domain-specific and general purpose language features needed to address the many different aspects of a problem. Here we describe Silver, an extensible attribute grammar specification language, and show how it can be extended with general purpose features such as pattern matching and domain specific features such as collection attributes and constructs for supporting data-flow analysis of imperative programs. The result is an attribute grammar specification language with a rich set of language features. Silver is implemented in itself by a Silver attribute grammar and utilizes forwarding to implement the extensions in a cost-effective manner.
Measurement of muscle disease by quantitative second-harmonic generation imaging (2008)

Determining the health of muscle cells by in vivo imaging could impact the diagnosis and monitoring of a large number of congenital and acquired muscular or cardiac disorders. However, currently used technologies are hampered by insufficient resolution, lack of specificity, or invasiveness. We have combined intrinsic optical second-harmonic generation from sarcomeric myosin with a novel mathematical treatment of striation pattern analysis, to obtain measures of muscle contractile integrity that correlate strongly with the neuromuscular health of mice suffering from genetic, acquired, and age-related decline in skeletal muscle function. Analysis of biopsies from a pilot group of human volunteers suggests a similar power in quantifying sarcopenic changes in muscle integrity. These results provide the first strong evidence that quantitative image analysis of sarcomere pattern can be correlated with physiological function, and they invite the application of SHG imaging in clinical practice, either in biopsy samples or via microendoscopy.
A large "flat biconical" antenna for LLSC aircraft-illumination in the HF band (2002)

In previous papers, an analysis of the coupling of external high frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves to aircraft wiring was presented, and a methodology for measurement of aircraft shielding effectiveness in the HF band using the low level swept coupling (LLSC) method was presented. The effectiveness of this test method is primarily determined by the field generation capability of the test set-up. In this paper, a "flat biconical" illuminator, constructed for these tests, is described. The illuminator is basically constructed of two sections, each formed in the shape of a triangle, somewhat resembling the profile of a biconical antenna. The dimensions of the illuminator, scaled to the HF band, were selected such that it is closely "tuned" to 10 MHz. This configuration was expected to provide sufficient bandwidth to the illuminator, ensuring little incident E-field variation over the entire test frequency range. The radiation characteristics of the illuminator as well as a comparison between its measured and computed characteristics are presented. From the data provided, it may be concluded that the proposed illuminator is a cost-effective, easy to construct and efficient illuminator for the HF band, for the purpose of LLSC assessment.
Precision Mass Spectroscopy of the Antiproton and Proton Using Simultaneously Trapped Particles (1999)

This last of a series of three measurements improves the comparison of antiproton $(\overline{p})$ and proton $(p)$ by almost a factor of ${10}^{6}$ over earlier exotic atom measurements, and is the most precise $\mathrm{CPT}$ test with baryons by a similar large factor. Measuring the cyclotron frequencies of a simultaneously trapped $\overline{p}$ and ${H}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion establishes that the ratio of $q/m$ for $\overline{p}$ and $p$ is $\ensuremath{-}0.99999999991\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00000000009$, more than 10 times the accuracy over our previous measurement. This $9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ comparison makes the first use of simultaneously trapped particles for sub-ppb spectroscopy.
Bioreactors, Photo (1999)

Introduction Principal Characteristics of Phototrophic Microorganisms Photosynthesis and the Photosynthetic Apparatus Response of Phototrophs to Light Quality and Quantity Growth of Microbial Phototrophs in Batch Culture Light distribution, Growth Rate, and Volumetric Productivity in Phototrophic Cultures Modeling Photosynthetic Growth in Photobioreactors Light Utilization and Productivity in Phototrophic Cultures A Survey of Photobioreactors Classification of Photobioreactors Early Photobioreactors Recent Types of Photobioreactors Commercial-Scale Photobioreactors Design Criteria for Photobioreactors Surface-to-Volume Ratio Oxygen Accumulation Mixing Temperature Control Orientation of the Photobioreactor and Light Dilution Materials Concluding Remarks and Prospects Acknowledgments Bibliography
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Glycerol Selenide Ethers under Microwave Irradiation. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of β‐LiGaO<sub>2</sub> Films on Si(100) Using a Novel Single Precursor. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Beginning (2020)

This chapter discusses how the author first met Ross Moore, a homeless man in a dog park. Moore later became the author's friend; indeed, he co-authored this book on homelessness. Drawing heavily on Moore's experiences, as well as those of many other homeless people, this book studies the experience of homelessness, seen from a homeless point of view. The details of homelessness that the author glimpsed through her long-term relationship with Moore made her more aware of how her own perception of homelessness had been directed into the grooves of American narratives. It is not that these stories are untrue. It is simply that they represent a fragment of homeless life that fails to paint a portrait beyond a caricature.
A measure of betweenness centrality based on random walks (2003)

Betweenness is a measure of the centrality of a node in a network, and is normally calculated as the fraction of shortest paths between node pairs that pass through the node of interest. Betweenness is, in some sense, a measure of the influence a node has over the spread of information through the network. By counting only shortest paths, however, the conventional definition implicitly assumes that information spreads only along those shortest paths. Here we propose a betweenness measure that relaxes this assumption, including contributions from essentially all paths between nodes, not just the shortest, although it still gives more weight to short paths. The measure is based on random walks, counting how often a node is traversed by a random walk between two other nodes. We show how our measure can be calculated using matrix methods, and give some examples of its application to particular networks.
Abstract WP297: A Mouse Model of Cerebral Microbleeds (2013)

Cerebral microbleeds are microscopic hemorrhages with deposits of blood products in the brain that can be visualized with MRI. Microbleeds are increased with age and in diseases such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hypertension, and stroke. There are few studies of either a) pathological correlates of cerebral microbleeds or b) imaging microscopic hemorrhage in brain tissue. The existing animal models of cerebral microbleeds involve transgenic mice (e.g. Tg2576) that spontaneously over-express β-amyloid, mimicking cerebral amyloid angiopathy. However, these models have limited use due to the fact that a) microbleeds may develop independent of amyloid deposition and b) the transgenic animals may require two years to fully develop microbleeds. In the current study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce cerebral microscopic hemorrhages over the course of several days. In this model, adult C57B6 mice (3 months of age) were injected with LPS (5mg/kg ip) or vehicle (phosphate buffered saline) at baseline and at 24 hr, and animals were sacrificed two days after initial injection. Mouse brains were analyzed for fresh hemorrhage using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, iron deposition using Prussian blue staining, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by measuring sodium flouorescein (NaF) content. H&E staining revealed small fresh hemorrhages visible grossly and microscopically in all animals treated with LPS, but not in control animals. Prussian blue staining revealed markedly increased iron deposition with LPS treatment, with positive stains in cerebral cortex, midbrain, and hippocampus regions. Quantification of Prussian blue staining revealed that LPS induced more than four-fold increase in number of positive stained foci (p<.05 vs control). BBB permeability to NaF was increased from 2.9 ± 0.3 in control to 8.2 ± 1.8 ug NaF/g brain tissue in LPS-treated animals (p<.05 vs control). In conclusion, this mouse model shows rapid production of cerebral microscopic hemorrhage, is associated with BBB dysfunction, and may be useful to study mechanistic and intervention strategies of cerebral microbleeds.
Coatings of FeAlCoCuNiV high entropy alloy (2016)

The coatings of FeAlCoCuNiV high entropy alloy were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and the mechanical and the electrochemical properties of the coatings are investigated. The coatings exhibit single FCC solid solution. The thickness of the coatings increases with the increasing deposited time. The hardness and Young's modulus of the coatings are 19.7 and 189 GPa, respectively. All coatings exhibit better electrochemical corrosion resistance than the 201 stainless steel in acidic alkali and salt corrosion mediums.
Immunity to Coccidiosis (2019)

Studies concerned with immunity against coccidiosis have, as their eventual objective, the development of strategies to regulate levels of infection in economically important hosts by immunological means. Knowledge of the antigens of the eimeria is a prerequisite for the development of vaccines for controlling coccidiosis and important for an understanding of the immune response. A major feature of immune responsiveness to reinfection with avian eimeria is disruption of sporozoite transport, from the point of entry to the enterocytes of the crypt, and a similar effect may be expected against other species which migrate within the mucosa. As the transporting cells are known to be intraepithelial lymphocytes,65,68 a subset of T cells, it is possible that cytokine-mediated influences on the behavior of these cells, affecting subsequent parasite development should also be considered as a facet of T-cell-mediated resistance.