gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Control of a High Power Factor Improved Power Quality Four Quadrant AC-DC Converter (2006)

This paper presents the application of hysteresis current control to the bi-directional buck-boost type improved power quality (IPQC) ac-dc converter that employs power MOSFET based four quadrant switches (4QSWs). The converter, capable of buck and boost modes of operation, outputs variable bidirectional dc voltage and reversible current in both modes. The control strategy is evaluated for the bi-directional buck-boost IPQC by simulations implemented in the single-phase and three-phase topologies of the converter. The simulation results confirm the efficacy of the hysteresis control that renders operation of the converter in either mode in any of the four quadrants and at any power factor with almost sinusoidal current at the utility interface by appropriately modifying the switching pattern. Results of bilateral power transfer in both modes at almost unity power factor are presented.
Application of Pharmacogenomic Approaches in the Study of Drug Response in Complex Diseases (2005)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes encoding drug receptors, transporters, metabolizing enzymes or DNA repair genes are known to influence the toxicity and efficacy profile of drugs. While the transition of this information to DNA-based tests in order to improve drug selection, identify optimal dosing, maximize drug efficacy or minimize the risk of toxicity has been slow coming, recent advances in molecular biology have yielded new diagnostic assays, some of which have already been incorporated into therapeutic guidelines such as testing for Herceptin protein in breast cancer patients. Moreover, new high-throughput screening methods and data mining approaches have emerged that could revolutionalise the drug development process and reduce the risk of drug failure, while both lowering costs and delivering faster and better results. In this regard, the powerful coupling of linkage to ultra-high throughput genotyping, gene array or proteomics technology, together with innovative bioinformatics resources, provides a focused integrative strategy for pinpointing disease-causing genes that may generate validated drug targets and genes that are responsible for differential drug response. The new information generated has already sparked the initiation of novel strategies and diagnostic approaches in clinical development that are anticipated to ultimately lead to safer and more efficacious drugs. Keywords: pharmacogenomics, linkage, association, single nucleotide polymorphism, microarray, drug response
Discrimination between Sialic Acid-Containing Receptors and Pseudoreceptors Regulates Polyomavirus Spread in the Mouse (1999)

Variations in the polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1 underlie important biological differences between highly pathogenic large-plaque and relatively nonpathogenic small-plaque strains. These polymorphisms constitute major determinants of virus spread in mice and also dictate previously recognized strain differences in sialyloligosaccharide binding. X-ray crystallographic studies have shown that these determinants affect binding to the sialic acids. Here we report results of further experiments designed to test the importance of specific contacts between VP1 and the carbohydrate moieties of the receptor. With minor exceptions, substitutions at positions predicted from crystallography to be important in binding the terminal alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid or the penultimate sugar (galactose) destroyed the ability of the virus to replicate in cell culture. Substitutions that prevented binding to a branched disialyloligosaccharide were found to result in viruses that were both viable in culture and tumorigenic in the mouse. Conversely, substitutions that allowed recognition and binding of the branched carbohydrate chain inhibited spread in the mouse, though the viruses remained viable in culture. Mice of five different inbred strains, all highly susceptible to large-plaque virus, showed resistance to the spread of polyomavirus strains bearing the VP1 type which binds the branched-chain receptor. We suggest that glycoproteins bearing the appropriate O-linked branched sialyloligosaccharide chains are effective pseudoreceptors in the host and that they block the spread of potentially tumorigenic or virulent virus strains.
Thromboprophylactic effect of low molecular weight heparin started in the evening before elective general abdominal surgery: a comparison with low-dose heparin. (1990)

A prospective randomized double-blind trial was performed comparing conventional low-dose heparin with a LMWH fragment (Kabi 2165, Fragmin) for thromboprophylaxis in elective general abdominal surgical patients. The first dose of the fragment was given in the evening before surgery, and thereafter every evening. There were 1002 analyzable patients, 826 having received correct prophylaxis. Sixty three percent of the patients were operated on for malignant diseases. The frequency of DVT was significantly reduced among patients with correct prophylaxis with the heparin fragment (9.2 to 5.0%, p = 0.02). In patients with malignancies the reduction was from 11.2 to 6.4% (p = 0.06). The frequency of bleeding was 6.7% among the heparin fragment patients and 2.7% among the patients given conventional heparin (p = 0.01). The corresponding frequencies for patients with malignancies were 3.2 and 2.8%, respectively (p = 0.28). All bleedings were minor and of no clinical significance. Local pain at the injection site was reported significantly less often among patients with the fragment. Twenty patients died, 13 with malignant disease, mortality being the same in the two groups. It is concluded that heparin fragment administered in the evening before surgery and then every evening is a practically acceptable alternative to prevent postoperative DVT in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery, also when the histology shows malignancy. Thus, the advantages of using LMWH compared with conventional low-dose heparin are simplified administration routines, better thromboprophylactic effect, and less local pain at injection sites. A disadvantage is the slight increase in hemorrhagic side effects, all of minor clinical importance and not seen in patients undergoing surgery for malignancy.
The formation of rhodochrosite–smithsonite (MnCO<sub>3</sub>–ZnCO<sub>3</sub>) solid-solutions at 5°C (1995)

Abstract Mn x Zn (1− x ) CO 3 solid-solutions were prepared at 5°C by precipitation from metal-bearing bicarbonate solutions. The solids were identified by X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Zn 2+ ions substitute extensively for Mn 2+ ions in the crystal lattice of anhydrous rhombohedral carbonates. Throughout the 24 h during which the experiments were conducted, the aqueous solutions remained undersaturated with respect to pure oxides, sulphates, hydroxides and hydroxysulphates. The solutions, however, were supersaturated with Mn x Zn (1− x ) CO 3 of any given composition. Besides the anhydrous rhombohedral carbonates, Zn 4 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ·4H 2 O was precipitated from an aqueous solution with initially high Zn 2+ concentration. The negative logarithm of the solubility product of Zn 4 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ·4H 2 O was estimated theoretically to be 43.9 (25°C). Remaining saturation with respect to Zn 4 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ·4H 2 O was calculated accordingly. The suggestion is made that hydrated zinc hydroxycarbonate is metastable under the experimental conditions used here, but that it should transform into anhydrous carbonates.
Automatic Translation of Arabic Text to Arabic Sign Language (2006)

Abstract Sign language is the basic means of communication among hearing-impaired people. Systems that could act as interpreters between vocal and hearing-impaired people would facilitate the life of deaf and integrate them in the society. Such systems should perform bidirectional translation of sign language and spoken language. A lot of efforts invested on translating sign languages to spoken languages. However, it is just as important to translate a spoken language to a sign language. This would provide a two-way communication between hearing-impaired and vocal people. A reasonably priced portable computer would be sufficient to perform the two-way translation. This paper proposes a system that translates Arabic text to Arabic sign language. A word that corresponds to a sign from the Arabic sign language dictionary calls a pre-recorded video clip showing the sign played on the monitor of the portable computer. If the word does not have a corresponding sign in the dictionary, it is finger spelled as done in real life by deaf for words that do not have specific signs; like proper names. They system is expandable as all what is needed is to add new signs to the database. The developed system can also be used to teach deaf or their relatives the Arabic Sign Language. It is accessible at the site http://naas.itc.kfupm.edu.sa:8080/SignsApp/
La defensa de los derechos e intereses legítimos de los ciudadanos europeos en el sistema de Derecho comunitario y en el sistema judicial compuesto de la Unión Europea (2014)

El presente trabajo esta enfocado al estudio del sistema de Derecho comunitario y del sistema judicial compuesto de la Union Europea, con el fin de analizar, en primer lugar, los principios generales de ese Derecho comunitario, entre los que se incardinan los derechos fundamentales y, en segundo lugar, los distintos medios que tiene ese sistema judicial compuesto para la defensa de los derechos e intereses legitimos de los ciudadanos europeos y la tutela cautelar de esos derechos e intereses legitimos frente a las Leyes internas nacionales a priori incompatibles con el Derecho comunitario y sus principios generales.
High-current small-parasitic-capacitance MOSFET on a poly-Si interlayered (PSI:Ψ) SOI wafer (1998)

A new type of silicon-on insulator (SOI) structure has been fabricated by using direct bonding technology to bury multilayered films consisting of poly-Si and SiO/sub 2/. A device with an ideal epitaxial channel structure was fabricated using a conventional MOS process on this novel multilayered SOI (100-nm SOI/10-nm SiO/sub 2//poly-Si/500-nm SiO/sub 2/) wafer. In this device, the highly concentrated p/sup +/ poly-Si just beneath the nMOS channel region acts as a punchthrough stopper, and the buried thin backgate oxide under the SOI layer acts as an impurity diffusion barrier, keeping the impurity concentration in the SOI film at its original low level. The device fabricated was an ultrathin SOI MOSFET capable of operating at a current 1.5 times that of conventional hundred-nm devices at low voltages.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of All Four Stereoisomers of Sphingosine from Chlorobenzene:  Glycosphingolipid Precursors<sup>1</sup><sup>a</sup> (1998)

Advantageous use of homochiral cyclohexadiene-cis-1,2-diol 2, available by means of biocatalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene with toluene dioxygenase, has enabled the synthesis of all four enantiomerically pure C(18)-sphingosines 1. The four requisite diastereomers of azido alcohols 4a-d were accessed by regioselective opening of epoxides 7 and 8 with either azide or halide ions. The configuration of C4 and C5 in azides 4 defines the stereochemistry of the incipient sphingosine chain, liberated from 4 by the oxidative cleavage of the C1-C6 olefin. For L-threo-sphingosine (1b), lactol 20b generated by this cleavage was converted by periodate oxidation to azido deoxy L-threose 22b, which gave 1b upon Wittig olefination and reduction. Similarly, D-erythro-sphingosine (1a) and L-erythro-sphingosine (1c) were generated from 4a,c, respectively. The last sphingosine (1d) was synthesized from the silyl-protected azido alcohol 29d. Subsequent transformations provided silyl-protected azido deoxy D-threose 32d, which upon Wittig olefination and reduction gave D-threo-sphingosine (1d). Experimental and spectral data are provided for all new compounds.
A broadband microstrip-fed slot antenna (1999)

In this paper, a new variation of the microstrip-fed slot antenna is investigated. Simulation and experimental results indicate large operating bandwidth and good radiation properties, making this antenna an excellent candidate for wireless applications.
Control of Phytophthora Root Rot of Rhododendron chapmanii A. Gray with Subdue (1989)

Abstract Rooted cuttings of Chapman's rhododendron ( Rhododendron chapmanii ) in soilless medium were challenged with inoculum of the soi1borne fungus, Phytophthora cinnamomi (Rands). A portion of the plants received a soil drench of Subdue 2EC (metalaxyl) at 0.16 ml/L (2.0 oz/100 gal) at 2 month intervals. Chapman's rhododendron was highly susceptible to P. cinnamomi , but five of six plants treated with Subdue did not develop symptoms of Phytophthora root rot. In the one plant which developed root rot symptoms, P. cinnamomi was recovered in culture.
Decreased FOXP3 levels in multiple sclerosis patients (2005)

Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) may result from the failure of tolerance mechanisms to prevent expansion of pathogenic T cells. Our study is the first to establish that MS patients have abnormalities in FOXP3 message and protein expression levels in peripheral CD4+ CD25+ T cells (Tregs) that are quantitatively related to a reduction in functional suppression induced during suboptimal T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation. Of importance, this observation links a defect in functional peripheral immunoregulation to an established genetic marker that has been unequivocally shown to be involved in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases. Diminished FOXP3 levels thus indicate impaired immunoregulation by Tregs that may contribute to MS. Future studies will evaluate the effects of therapies known to influence Treg cell function and FOXP3 expression, including TCR peptide vaccination and supplemental estrogen.
The effect of feedback on noise figure (1975)

Exact formulas for the effect of series and Shunt feedback on noise figure are derived. The resulting noise figure is expressed by the feedback impedance, the two-port parameters, and the noise parameters of the device without feedback. The formulas are useful when considering the effect of biasing network and package elements on noise figure.
Egad, More Forms of Gene Regulation: The <i>gadd45a</i> Story (2006)

Despite the historical hegemony of transcription, mounting evidence supports the importance of posttranscriptional gene regulation via processes such as mRNA splicing, localization, turnover, and translation. However, each of these steps is still largely viewed as an exclusive proposition, whereby a particular gene under given circumstances is controlled by a single specific regulatory mechanism. Our recent investigation of gadd45a expression in response to genotoxic stress illustrates a more complex scenario, wherein transcriptional changes operate in concert with mRNA turnover and translational regulation. gadd45a thus joins a handful of reported genes whose levels are potently altered in response to cellular damage or mitogenic cues through the coordinated action of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins. Eliciting cellular responses that are strong, swift, and versatile, gene regulation by multiple factors acting on different levels is emerging as the norm, rather than the exception, for a growing collection of gene products which critically influence cellular homeostasis.
The comparison plot (1968)

Abstract A simple graphical method is presented to transform co-ordinates from one plane co-ordinate system onto another, to examine the factors operating and to isolate inconsistent points. The transformation allows for the effects of orientation, magnification, and translation operating between the systems. The determination of the constants by this means is equivalent to a rigorous Least Squares solution.
Phase synchronization for distributed sensor networks in feedback bit errors (2010)

It has been reported recently that phase synchronization in distributed sensor networks can be achieved by adjusting the phase in sensors randomly with a single bit feedback from the receiver (base station) to the sensors. It has been shown that such algorithm leads asymptotic phase coherence with probability one for a broad class of distributions for the random phase adjustments. However, the effects of errors in the feedback bit and phase noise/uncertainty at the sensors were not explored in the algorithm. In this paper, we design a synchronization algorithm with the presence of communication errors in the feedback bit and phase noise at the sensors. Each sensor adaptively adjusts the phase by random phase perturbations by two stages. The first stage, the phase is adjusted according the best received signal strength available; and in the second stage, the adjusting is based on the previous received signal. By alternating between these two stages, the convergence is guaranteed and robust to the feedback bit errors. The convergence time is roughly linear in the number of sensors. Simulations have shown that the proposed algorithm provides satisfactory performance with the feedback bit errors and phase noise at the sensors.
A Machine Learning Approach to Malicious JavaScript Detection using Fixed Length Vector Representation (2018)

To add more functionality and enhance usability of web applications, JavaScript (JS) is frequently used. Even with many advantages and usefulness of JS, an annoying fact is that many recent cyberattacks such as drive-by-download attacks exploit vulnerability of JS codes. In general, malicious JS codes are not easy to detect, because they sneakily exploit vulnerabilities of browsers and plugin software, and attack visitors of a web site unknowingly. To protect users from such threads, the development of an accurate detection system for malicious JS is soliciting. Conventional approaches often employ signature and heuristic-based methods, which are prone to suffer from zero-day attacks, i.e., causing many false negatives and/or false positives. For this problem, this paper adopts a machine-learning approach to feature learning called Doc2Vec, which is a neural network model that can learn context information of texts. The extracted features are given to a classifier model (e.g., SVM and neural networks) and it judges the maliciousness of a JS code. In the performance evaluation, we use the D3M Dataset (Drive-by-Download Data by Marionette) for malicious JS codes and JSUPACK for benign ones for both training and test purposes. We then compare the performance to other feature learning methods. Our experimental results show that the proposed Doc2Vec features provide better accuracy and fast classification in malicious JS code detection compared to conventional approaches.
Techniques for the Genetic Analysis of Brain and Behavior: Focus on the Mouse (1992)

Preface. List of contributors. I. The Origins of Mouse Research in Behavioural and Neural Genetics, a Personal Account. 1. Muroid roots of behaviour genetic research: a retrospective (B.E. Ginsburg). II. A Survey of Research Strategies Involving the Search for Major Genes. 2. From character to gene: some strategies for identifying single genes controlling behavioral characters (M.F.W. Festing). III. Sources of Variation. 3. Genetic diversity and evolution in the genus Mus (F. Bonhomme). 4. Some uses of inbred strains (R.E. Wimer). 5. Mouse genes with neurological effects or which affect colour (J. Peters, M.C. Kirby, Y.M. Cocking and J. Rischmiller). 6. The induction, detection and isolation of mutations (R.J. Greenspan). 7. Separating genetic effects from maternal environmental effects (M. Carlier, M. Nosten-Bertrand and C. Michard-Vanhee). 8. Genetic quality assurance (R.R. Fox). 9. Nomenclature of genetically defined mouse strains (M.F. Festing). IV. Specialized Inbred Strains. 10. The value of recombinant inbred strains in the genetic analysis od behavior (M.N. Nesbitt). 11. Congenic strains and recombinant strains - tools for genetic and functional analysis of physiological traits (P. Demant, L.F.M. van Zutphen, A.A.M. Hart and C.J.A. Moen). V. Detecting and Mapping Genes. 12. Chromosome mapping (T.H. Roderick). 13. Gene mapping techniques (J.-L. Guenet and X. Montagutelli). 14. The physical mapping of the mouse genome (S.D.M. Brown). VI. Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Phenotypes. 15. Quantitative genetics (W.E. Crusio). 16. Using quantitative genetic methods to understand mammalian circadian behavior and photoperiodism (G.R. Lynch and C.B. Lynch). VII. Analysis of the Nervous System. 17. Mouse chimeras in the study of genetic and structural determinants of behavior (D. Goldowitz, T.H. Moran and R. Wetts). 18. Hybridization analysis of nervous system gene expression (W. Wille, H. Cremer, D. Barthels and D. Goldowitz). 19. Transgenic mouse technology: applications to the study of the nervous system (E.B. Crenshaw III, L.W. Swanson, M.G. Rosenfeld and A.F. Russo). VIII. Analysis of Behavior. 20. Methodological issues in genetic analysis of an agonistic behavior (offense) in male mice (S.C. Maxon). 21. Neurological murine mutants as models for single gene effects on behavior (J.-M. Guastavino, K. Larsson and P. Jaisson). 22. Behavioral paradigms: general procedures and spatial memory (J.M. Lassalle and D. Wahlsten). 23. The problem of test reliability in genetic studies of brain-behavior correlation (D. Wahlsten). 24. Behavioral development: a tool for genetic analysis in mice (P.L. Roubertoux, M. Nosten-Bertrand, C. Cohen-Salmon and L. l'Hotellier). IX. Other Species. 25. Caenorhabditis elegans: a simple systems approach to the genetics of behavior (C.H. Rankin and C.D.O. Beck). 26. Molecular biology and function of Aplysia neuropeptides (J.R. Nambu and M.D. Kirk). 27.
Evidence that the Genomic RNA of Hepatitis E Virus Is Capped (1999)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an unclassified virus with a positive-sense RNA genome and an undefined replication strategy. In order to determine whether the HEV genome is capped or not, we developed a reverse transcription-PCR assay that is based on the ability of a monoclonal antibody to recognize 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G). Antibody to m(7)G bound RNA extracted from virions of two different HEV genotypes. The cap analog competitively inhibited the binding of virion RNAs, demonstrating that HEV has a capped RNA genome.
A Comparative Proteomic Study of Human Skin Suction Blister Fluid from Healthy Individuals Using Immunodepletion and iTRAQ Labeling (2012)

Aberrations in skin morphology and functionality can cause acute and chronic skin-related diseases that are the focus of dermatological research. Mechanically induced skin suction blister fluid may serve as a potential, alternative human body fluid for quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in order to assist in the understanding of the mechanisms and causes underlying skin-related diseases. The combination of abundant-protein removal with iTRAQ technology and multidimensional fractionation techniques improved the number of identified protein groups. A relative comparison of a cohort of 8 healthy volunteers was thus recruited in order to assess the net variability encountered in a healthy scenario. The technology enabled the identification, to date, of the highest number of reported protein groups (739) with concomitant relative quantitative data for over 90% of all proteins with high reproducibility and accuracy. The use of iTRAQ 8-plex resulted in a 66% decrease in protein identifications but, despite this, provided valuable insight into interindividual differences of the healthy control samples. The geometric mean ratio was close to 1 with 95% of all ratios ranging between 0.45 and 2.05 and a calculated mean coefficient of variation of 15.8%, indicating a lower biological variance than that reported for plasma or urine. By applying a multistep sample processing, the obtained sensitivity and accuracy of quantitative MS analysis demonstrates the prospective value of the approach in future research into skin diseases.