gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A conclusive methodology for rating OCR performance (2005)

Abstract One of the most challenging topics in the automatic document rating process is the development of a rating scheme for the image quality of documents. As part of the Department of Energy (DOE) document declassification program, we have developed a generalized rating system to predict the optical character recognition (OCR) accuracy level that is achieved when processing a document. The need for such a system emerged from the declassification of degraded, typewriter‐era documents, which is currently a time‐consuming manual process. This article presents the statistical analysis of the most influential document quality features affecting OCR accuracy, develops consistent predictive models for four currently used OCR engines, and studies the applicability of different OCR products to the DOE document declassification process. This study is expected to lead to an efficient and completely automated document declassification system.
Low-latency hard real-time communication over switched Ethernet (2004)

Ethernet, the most widely used commodity network, increasingly moves toward switches as implementation technology thus replacing buses. This allows to use traffic shaping techniques to implement hard real-time distributed systems on commodity networks. However, because Ethernet switches lack build-in policing features, nodes connected by switched Ethernet need to be cooperative. Although the theory behind traffic shaping for real-time communication is known for some time, it has not been considered for Ethernet so far. In this paper, we present the implementation of traffic shaping on switched Ethernet technology. We make thorough experiments to understand the cost and practical limits of using fast and gigabit Ethernet for hard real-time communication. We do measurements to analyze properties of switches and delays that we can achieve using these switches. We further analyze the influences of non real-time Linux nodes sharing the network.
Use of contextualized attention metadata for ranking and recommending learning objects (2006)

The tools used to search and find Learning Objects in different systems do not provide a meaningful and scalable way to rank or recommend learning material. This work propose and detail the use of Contextual Attention Metadata, gathered from the different tools used in the lifecycle of the Learning Object, to create ranking and recommending metrics to improve the user experience. Four types of metrics are detailed: Link Analysis Ranking, Similarity Recommendation, Personalized Ranking and Contextual Recommendation. While designed for Learning Objects, it is shown that these metrics could also be applied to rank and recommend other types of reusable components like software libraries.
Cockpit Geometry Evaluation. Volume II. Human Data (1970)

The Cockpit Geometry Evaluation Program is a collection of techniques for improved methods of evaluating the interaction and compatibility of crew members with crew stations. The primary tool for accomplishing the evaluation is a 23 joint, three dimensional man-model (BOEMAN-II) that through mathematical techniques simulated human motion. This Phase II volume is an updating of the Phase I Human Data Document (D162-10126-1). The updating includes a description of the three dimensional body segments which are placed around the link system of BOEMAN-I and a summary of available literature concerning limit, mass, and visual characteristics used in developing the man-model are also listed in this document.
Housing and Community Care (1998)

The Griffiths Report (1988) paid little attention to housing issues and merely stated that the responsibilities of housing agencies should be limited to arranging and sometimes managing the 'bricks and mortar' of housing need for community care purposes (p. 15). However, the White Paper on community care (Department of Health, 1989a) differed considerably from the Griffiths Report in this respect. 'Suitable good quality housing' was seen as essential to social care packages (p. 9) and it was argued that 'social services authorities will need to work closely with housing authorities, housing associations and other providers of housing of all types in developing plans for a full and flexible range of housing' (p. 25).
Joint Source-Channel Decoding by Channel-Coded Optimal Estimation (2000)

Norbert Gortz Institute for Circuits and Systems Theory Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel e-mail: ng@techfak.uni-kiel.de WWW: http://www-lns.techfak.uni-kiel.de/staff/ng Abstra t | Channel-Coded Optimal Estimation (CCOE) is an algorithm which combines sourcestatistics, bit-reliability informations at the channel output and the redundancy introduced by some channel code to compute the a-posteriori probabilities of the possibly transmitted source-encoder indices at the receiver. A recursive formula for the computation of the a-posteriori probabilities is derived and some special cases are given. The algorithm is generalized for the parallel transmission of several quantizer indices which commonly encode each source-signal vector. Simulation results are presented and the performances of several algorithms for source-channel decoding are compared.
Expressions of nerve growth factor receptors in human pancreatic cancer (2007)

AIM: To investigate the prognostic values of 2 nerve growth factor receptors (NGFR), high-affinity receptor TrkA and low-affinity receptor p75, in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We detected the expressions of TrkA and p75 mRNA in 56 cases of primary pancreatic cancer by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Their clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed comparatively. RESULTS: TrkA and p75 were both found in all 56 cases of pancreatic cancer. TrkA and p75 levels were correlated with abdominal or back pain and perineural invasion (P0.05). Cox univariate analysis revealed that the cases with higher expression of p75 survived the ones with higher expression of TrkA (P0.05), and Cox multivariate analysis indicated that TrkA and p75 were both the independent factors influencing the prognosis. CONCLUSION: The expression of TrkA in pancreatic cancer is a marker of tumor aggressiveness; conversely, the elevated p75 expression is associated with a favorable prognosis. NGF exerts stimulatory or inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancers, which depends on the expression levels and ratio of TrkA to p75NGFR.
Use of Lexan and Kapton honeycombs to increase solar collector efficiency (1977)

Respiratory management of intubated patients is a complex problem, even if airway management, sedation, and infection control are excluded and only the limited problem of "how to set a ventilator" is considered. Four dimensions shape the overall strategy for setting a ventilator: time, physiologic task, primary lung disease, and general therapeutic approach. Initiation (start-up), maintenance, and weaning are the principal dimensions in time. This article discusses the closed-loop control method.
Diffusion-weighted imaging of biliopancreatic disorders： Correlation with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (2012)

散开加权的磁性的回声成像(DWI ) 是为 intracranial 疾病的评估的一个很好确定的方法，例如急性击。为颅外的申请的 DWI 由于生理的运动人工制品和机关的异构的作文是更困难的。由于 DWI 的更新的技术发展，然而， DWI 逐渐地变得包括腹部和骨盆在颅外的机关在过去几年使用。DWI 的大多数以前的研究在腹的机关被限制了到弥漫的 parenchymal 畸形和焦点的损害的评估，而关于为 biliopancreatic 道的评估的 DWI 有很少研究。尽管进一步的研究被需要在评估胆汁管，胆囊和胰疾病决定它的表演， DWI 有关织物细胞质的地位在对 biliopancreatic 道的功能的信息的评价有潜力，因为增加的细胞质与阻碍的散开被联系，是在明显的散开系数由减小显示了。从在 biliopancreatic 道的良性的像肿瘤的损害的恶意的损害和他们的区别的察觉能与与常规磁性的回声 cholagiopancreatography 获得的调查结果一起用 DWI 被改进。另外， DWI 能为对在有肾的缺陷的病人的 biliopancreatic 道的评价是有用的因为提高对比的计算断层摄影术或磁性的回声扫描应该在这些病人被避免。
THE SELECTIVE ACTIVATION OF ALUMINA FOR DECARBOXYLATION OR FOR DEHYDRATION<sup>1</sup> (1922)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SELECTIVE ACTIVATION OF ALUMINA FOR DECARBOXYLATION OR FOR DEHYDRATION1Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 10, 2175–2186Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1922Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1922https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01431a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01431a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the interplay of loop caching, code compression, and cache configuration (2011)

Even though much previous work explores varying instruction cache optimization techniques individually, little work explores the combined effects of these techniques (i.e., do they complement or obviate each other). In this paper we explore the interaction of three optimizations: loop caching, cache tuning, and code compression. Results show that loop caching increases energy savings by as much as 26% compared to cache tuning alone and reduces decompression energy by as much as 73%.
Contact potential differences measurement: short history and experimental setup for classroom demonstration (2003)

Methods for the measurement of contact potential differences (CPDs) are discussed from a historical point of view. In addition, a simple experimental setup using common laboratory equipment is presented. Experimental results show, for instance, that the measured CPDs between platinum and nickel can be very close to those obtained using sophisticated equipment. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the implemented method, though very simple, is suitable for surface mapping.
Integrating Reinforcement Learning with Multi-Agent Techniques for Adaptive Service Composition (2017)

Service-oriented architecture is a widely used software engineering paradigm to cope with complexity and dynamics in enterprise applications. Service composition, which provides a cost-effective way to implement software systems, has attracted significant attention from both industry and research communities. As online services may keep evolving over time and thus lead to a highly dynamic environment, service composition must be self-adaptive to tackle uninformed behavior during the evolution of services. In addition, service composition should also maintain high efficiency for large-scale services, which are common for enterprise applications. This article presents a new model for large-scale adaptive service composition based on multi-agent reinforcement learning. The model integrates reinforcement learning and game theory, where the former is to achieve adaptation in a highly dynamic environment and the latter is to enable agents to work for a common task (i.e., composition). In particular, we propose a multi-agent Q-learning algorithm for service composition, which is expected to achieve better performance when compared with the single-agent Q-learning method and multi-agent SARSA (State-Action-Reward-State-Action) method. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Doey's Cairn, Dunloy (1936)

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Accurate optical measurement of nuclear polarization in optically pumped <sup>3</sup>He gas (1992)

Large nuclear polarizations M (over 80 %) can now be achieved in gaseous 3He by optical pumping. The gas is excited by an RF discharge and is oriented using a high power LNA laser which is lamp pumped and tuned to the 2 3S-2 3P transition at 1.08 μm. In this paper we describe an experiment in which we measure M with high absolute precision. Our method is based on a change as a function of M in the ratio of σ or π polarized light absorbed from a weak probe beam by the 2 3S metastable atoms. The probe was delivered by a diode pumped LNA laser and propagated perpendicular to the direction of the magnetization. Simultaneous measurement of M was made by monitoring the degree of circular polarization $\cal{P}$ of the optical line at 668 nm emitted by the discharge. Our measurements show a linear relationship between M and $\cal{P}$ for all accessible M values and for a wide range of experimental conditions (sample pressure, magnetic field, RF discharge level, etc.). This provides a second method of measurement of the 3He nuclear polarization which is simple to operate and is calibrated and is calibrated over a pressure range of 0.15 to 6.5 torr.
HTS-PEG: A Method for High Throughput Sequencing of the Paired-Ends of Genomic Libraries (2012)

Second generation sequencing has been widely used to sequence whole genomes. Though various paired-end sequencing methods have been developed to construct the long scaffold from contigs derived from shotgun sequencing, the classical paired-end sequencing of the Bacteria Artificial Chromosome (BAC) or fosmid libraries by the Sanger method still plays an important role in genome assembly. However, sequencing libraries with the Sanger method is expensive and time-consuming. Here we report a new strategy to sequence the paired-ends of genomic libraries with parallel pyrosequencing, using a Chinese amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) BAC library as an example. In total, approximately 12,670 non-redundant paired-end sequences were generated. Mapping them to the primary scaffolds of Chinese amphioxus, we obtained 413 ultra-scaffolds from 1,182 primary scaffolds, and the N50 scaffold length was increased approximately 55 kb, which is about a 10% improvement. We provide a universal and cost-effective method for sequencing the ultra-long paired-ends of genomic libraries. This method can be very easily implemented in other second generation sequencing platforms.
Evidence for the Co‐Expression of Oxytocin and Vasopressin Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells: Simultaneous Demonstration of Two Neurohypophysin Messenger Ribonucleic Acids by Hybridization Histochemistry (1990)

A novel enzyme-labelled oligonucleotide probe specific for oxytocin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and a radiolabelled oligonucleotide probe specific for vasopressin mRNA were used together to visualize both oxytocin and vasopressin mRNA's in hypothalamus sections from salt loaded (2% saline) rats. The results demonstrate that the majority of magnocellular neurons contain only oxytocin or vasopressin mRNA, however a small number of neurons, 1% to 2%, contained both oxytocin and vasopressin transcripts.
Type II Antifreeze Protein from a Mid-latitude Freshwater Fish, Japanese Smelt (<i>Hypomesus nipponensis</i>) (2003)

A lot of reports of antifreeze protein (AFP) from fish have been published, but no report has mentioned of commercialized mid-latitude fresh water fish which producing AFP in its body fluid. We found that the AFP in the body fluid of Japanese smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) from mid-latitude fresh water was purified and characterized. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Japanese smelt AFP was 75.0% identical to Type II AFP from herring. Results of EDTA treatment and ruthenium red staining suggested that the Japanese smelt AFP had at least one Ca2+-binding domain. Interestingly, the antifreeze activity of the Japanese smelt AFP did not completely disappear when Ca2+ ions were removed. The molecular mass of the Japanese smelt AFP was calculated to be 16,756.8 by the TOF-mass analysis. The Open reading flame of the gene coding for the Japanese smelt AFP was 444 bp long and was 85.0% identical with the entire herring AFP gene. The cDNA and amino acid sequence of the Japanese smelt AFP were the same length as those of herring AFP.
Viscoelasticity of Hyaluronan and Nonhyaluronan Based Vocal Fold Injectables: Implications for Mucosal Versus Muscle Use (2007)

Hyaluronan based biomaterials offer less resistance to flow and stiffness and may be better suited for injections into the mucosa, whereas Cymetra and Radiesse appear to be appropriate for injections into muscle. Viscoelastic properties of Hylaform and Carbylan-GSX 5% were found to most resemble that of the human vocal fold mucosa.
Channel coupling in orthogonal polarisation diversity systems and its influence on diversity gain (2005)

The effects of channel coupling (CC) in two-branch orthogonal polarisation antenna diversity systems both on the correlation and the mean power difference between received signals are reported. It is shown that the presence of CC increases the correlation but probably decreases the mean power difference and hence improves the diversity gain.
Recent Progress in Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2013)

Abstract Organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) are solid‐state light‐emitting devices based on organic semiconductors. Recent rapid advances in materials chemistry have enabled white OLEDs to be used for general lighting and large‐area flat panel display. White OLED panel efficacy has reached 90 lm W –1 , and a tandem white OLED panel has achieved a lifetime of over 100000 h at 1000 cd m –2 . LG is set to launch a 55″ OLED TV in 2013, and OLEDs will be expected to make bigger breakthroughs. Although white OLED panels show superior performance, there is still much room (nearly 160 lm W –1 ) for improvement, in view of the theoretical limit of 248 lm W –1 . To reach this objective, OLEDs need to achieve three goals: (1) high internal quantum efficiency, (2) low operation voltage, and (3) high light‐outcoupling efficiency at the same time. For organic chemists creating new organic semiconductors, issues (1) and (2) are particularly important because these relate to materials chemistry. Here we review recent developments in phosphorescent OLED technology, especially from materials chemistry.
Rotational and translational motion of supercoiled plasmids in solution (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRotational and translational motion of supercoiled plasmids in solutionRoger J. Lewis, Janet H. Huang, and R. PecoraCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 5, 944–948Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00147a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00147a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neutralizing Aptamers from Whole-Cell SELEX Inhibit the RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2005)

Targeting large transmembrane molecules, including receptor tyrosine kinases, is a major pharmacological challenge. Specific oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) can be generated for a variety of targets through the iterative evolution of a random pool of sequences (SELEX). Nuclease-resistant aptamers that recognize the human receptor tyrosine kinase RET were obtained using RET-expressing cells as targets in a modified SELEX procedure. Remarkably, one of these aptamers blocked RET-dependent intracellular signaling pathways by interfering with receptor dimerization when the latter was induced by the physiological ligand or by an activating mutation. This strategy is generally applicable to transmembrane receptors and opens the way to targeting other members of this class of proteins that are of major biomedical importance.
Interventional Neuroradiology Experimental study and clinical use of poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion as liquid embolisation material (1994)

A new material, an emulsion of poly(vinyl acetate) was experimentally developed and clinically used to overcome several disadvantages in currently used liquid embolisation materials. The emulsion micro- particles, 0.3-0.7 gm in size, possessed cationic charge on the surface and hence aggregated immediately on con- tact with fluids containing anions. This inert polymer has the advantage that it does not induce a deleterious reac- tion in living tissue. Moreover, its medium is water and it is not adhesive, like the cyanoacrylates. Several con- centrations of emulsion were injected into the renal ar- teries of dogs. For the investigation of tissue reactions and the possibility of recanalisation, the emulsion was injected into rats both subcutaneously and into the renal arteries. The renal artery injections in dogs showed ade- quate radiopacity and consistent complete occlusion. The lower the concentration of the emulsion, the smaller the arteries which could be occluded. Even at very low concentrations, however, venous occlusion did not occur. Histological study of the embolised rat kidney revealed no detectable damage in the vessel wall and no re- canalisation for up to 6 months. The subcutaneously in- jected PVAc emulsion elicited mononuclear cell infiltra- tion and gradual centripetal fibrosis, without any dele- terious effect on the surrounding tissue. A cerebral ar- teriovenous malformation (AVM) was embolised using the material. Histology of the resected nidus showed findings similar to those in the animal experiments.
Simulation of sub-0.1- mu m MOSFETs with completely suppressed short-channel effect (1993)

MOSFETs in the sub-0.1- mu m regime were investigated using a nonplanar device simulator CADDETH-NP. It was found that even in this regime, the short-channel effect can be suppressed in grooved gate MOSFETs because of the concave corner of the gate insulator. MOSFETs with a gate length of 0.05 mu m or less with no threshold voltage lowering can be made by optimizing the concave corner radius, junction depths, and channel doping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recycling oriented design - a case study on house appliances using the software ATROiD (2001)

The End of Life costs of products are usually determined at their design stage. To increase the awareness of this fact, design engineers are supported by tools that help them to assess the impact of their proposed design and to direct them to an environmentally conscious design. The software tool ATROiD (Assessment Tool for Recycling Oriented Design) has thus been developed to realize these purposes by LG-PRC in cooperation with IWF The tool is composed of three levels including the assessment level, the analysis level and the improvement level. Recycling performance considering environmental and economical aspects has been estimated for refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines. The suggestions for the improvement of their end of life costs are given and implemented in the design stage. Typical examples for these improvements are presented using the ATROiD software tool.