gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4847: Arginine deprivation by PEG-ADI induces autophagic cell death and enhances the tumor suppression effect of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer (2010)

Abstract Metabolic stress has been recently recognized to induce autophagic cell death; we have recently shown that nearly 80% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor specimens are auxotrophic for the semi-essential amino acid arginine due to transcriptional suppression of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS). We hypothesized that selective arginine deprivation would induce autophagy and furthermore, by targeting alternative death pathways would increase the cytotoxic response to the chemotherapy gemcitabine. Methods: The human pancreatic cell line MIA-PaCa-2 was shown to be deficient in ASS by western blot. Arginine deprivation was achieved by treatment of cells and xenografts with PEG-ADI, which shuttles arginine to citrulline. Cells were treated with either PEG-ADI, gemcitabine or both. Cell death was measured by MTT and FACS. Western blot was used to measure autophagy by LC3 processing and apoptosis by caspase-3 cleavage. RRM2 expression was measured by western blot in cells treated with PEG-ADI. ASS expression was measured by western blot in cells treated with gemcitabine. To test the in vivo effect arginine deprivation a mice xenograft model was created by subcutaneously injecting Mia-PaCa2 cells into the flanks of 28 mice (two tumors per mice). Tumors were allowed to mature at which time the mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups: PBS control (once weekly), ADI-PEG20 (5 IU once weekly), Gemcitabine (125mg/kg twice weekly), or Gemcitabine and ADI-PEG20. All treatments were administered via intraperitoneal injection and tumors were measured twice a week. Results: 1. MIA-PaCa-2 lacks ASS and is auxotrophic for arginine. 2. PEG-ADI induces autophagy and cell death 3. Gemcitabine has little in vitro cytotoxicity 4. The combination of gemcitabine and PEG-ADI is at least additive in vitro and in vivo. 5. PEG-ADI does not regulate RRM2 expression and gemcitabine does not regulate ASS expression. Conclusions: Therapy targeting autophagy may provide increased efficacy for traditional genotoxic chemotherapies in pancreatic cancer. PEG-ADI in combination with gemcitabine is a novel combination to be pursued in clinical trials Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4847.
Turbo-codes matched to the 1-D/sup 2/ partial response channel (2002)

A turbo-coding scheme matched to the 1-D/sup 2/ partial response channel is proposed. Parallel concatenated ternary trellis codes matched to the 1-D/sup 2/ channel are applied. The channel capacity is approached by up to 0.5 dB. The transmission signal is run-length limited.
Nosocomial pneumonia in Medicare patients. Hospital costs and reimbursement patterns under the prospective payment system (1991)

To determine the extent to which hospitals are reimbursed for Medicare patients who develop nosocomial pneumonia, we analyzed hospital accounting costs, reimbursements received, and the net income from 33 Medicare patients who developed nosocomial pneumonia. In 31 of the 33 cases, hospital costs for the entire admission exceeded reimbursements, with a median net loss of $5800 per case. Eleven randomly selected pneumonia cases were compared with control patients matched by diagnosis related group, age, sex, and service. Cases had significantly longer hospital stays, had greater total hospital costs, and caused greater net losses than did matched controls. We conclude that hospitals are seldom reimbursed adequately for Medicare patients who develop nosocomial pneumonia. With the advent of the prospective payment system, hospitals now have substantial financial incentives for implementing cost-effective measures for preventing nosocomial pneumonias.
Cardiovascular risk markers associated with arterial calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease Stages 3 and 4 (2014)

This exploratory study found that elevated plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers are significantly associated with arterial calcification in CKD Stages 3 and 4 patients. A greater understanding of inflammation and calcification in CKD patients may help the development of CV risk-assessment algorithms for better management of these patients.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> at Copper Nanofoams (2014)

We report the electrochemical reduction of CO2 at copper foams with hierarchical porosity. We show that both the distribution of products formed from this reaction and their faradaic efficiencies differ significantly from those obtained at smooth electropolished copper electrodes. We attribute these differences to be due to high surface roughness, hierarchical porosity, and confinement of reactive species. We provide preliminary evidence in support of these claims.
Carrier diffusion inside active regions of gain-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1997)

The radial carrier diffusion process inside active regions of gain-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is studied rigorously. To this end, a comprehensive three-dimensional self-consistent VCSEL simulation is used. In the modelling, carrier degeneracy as well as temperature and carrier-concentration dependencies of the diffusion coefficient are taken into account. For the room-temperature operation of the GaAs/AlGaAs/AlAs proton-implanted top-surface-emitting VCSELs, ambipolar diffusion coefficient was found to be relatively low (≃ 7.5 cm2/sec) and nearly constant inside the active region but it increases rapidly beyond this region. It is, however, proved that although very accurate VCSEL modelling requires rigorous treatment of the carrier diffusion process, an average constant value of the diffusion coefficient may be undoubtedly used in quite reliable VCSEL simulations.
Down-Regulation of CD1 on Antigen-Presenting Cells by Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1998)

Intracellular pathogens have developed efficient evasion strategies to survive the defenses of the host immune system. In this study, we describe a new escape mechanism utilized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that involves the down-regulation of the Ag-presenting molecule CD1 from the cell surface of CD1+ APCs. The loss of CD1 from the cell surface is associated with a complete inhibition of the ability of the infected cells to present Ag to CD1-restricted T cells. The down-regulation of Ag-presenting molecules on CD1+ APC by infection with M. tuberculosis is unique for CD1, since the expression of the classical Ag-presenting molecules MHC class I and MHC class II is not influenced. Our data show that efficient down-regulation of CD1 requires infection of the cells with live mycobacteria, since heat killing of the bacteria completely abrogates the effect. The observed down-regulation is not due to the secretion of cytokines or other host- or pathogen-derived factors. Investigation of upstream events responsible for the down-regulation of CD1 revealed that infection with live M. tuberculosis decreased the steady state CD1-mRNA levels. This study introduces a novel evasion mechanism of M. tuberculosis that could contribute to persistence of intracellular infection by avoiding immune recognition.
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2 Expression, and Selective Motoneuron Vulnerability (2000)

AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity is proposed to play a major pathogenic role in the selective motoneuron death of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Motoneurons have been shown in various models to be more susceptible to AMPA receptor-mediated injury than other spinal neurons. It has been hypothesized that this selective vulnerability of motoneurons is caused by the expression of highly Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors and a complete or relative lack of the AMPA receptor subunit Glu receptor 2 (GluR2). The aim of this study was to quantify the relative Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors and the fractional expression of GluR2 in motoneurons by combining whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and single-cell RT-PCR and to compare these properties with those of dorsal horn neurons. Spinal motoneurons and dorsal horn neurons were isolated from embryonic rats and cultured on spinal astrocytes. As in previous studies, motoneurons were significantly more vulnerable to AMPA and kainate than dorsal horn neurons. However, all motoneurons expressed GluR2 mRNA ( approximately 40% of total AMPA receptor subunit mRNA), and their AMPA receptors had intermediate whole-cell relative Ca(2+) permeability (P(Ca(2+))/P(Cs(+)) approximately 0. 4). AMPA receptor P(Ca(2+))/P(Cs(+)) and the relative abundance of GluR2 varied more widely in dorsal horn neurons than in motoneurons, but the mean values did not differ significantly between the two cell populations. GluR2 was virtually completely edited at the Q/R site both in motoneurons and dorsal horn neurons. These results indicate that the selective vulnerability of motoneurons to AMPA receptor agonists is not determined solely by whole-cell relative Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors.
Automotive Semi-specular Surface Defect Detection System (2018)

In this work, a deflectometry based efficient semi-specular surface defect detection system is developed. This system, when integrated with a robotic arm, can detect defects on large and widely varying topological surfaces like a car bumper. A hybrid pipe line, that utilizes multi-threading, is designed to efficiently use resources and speedup the inspection process. Specific filters are also designed to eliminate spurious defects due to edges and acute curvature changes. The developed system was successful in consistently detecting various defects on large bumper parts with varying topology and color and can accommodate inherent ambient lighting and vibration issues.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss 3 Years After Successful Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in the Cornea Preservation Time Study (2017)

Although ECL 3 years after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty is greater with longer PT, the effect of PT on ECL is comparable from 4 to 13 days’ PT.
Teaching an Old TPM New Tricks: Repurposing for Identity-Based Signatures (2013)

A trusted platform module (TPM) is an industry-standard module bound to a system; it provides secure, cryptoprocessor functions such as asymmetric key generation and storage, asymmetric encryption/decryption, cryptographic hashing operations, and much more. Although it may seem useful, this module, ubiquitous in many OEM systems, is often underutilized or not utilized at all. This article presents a way to use the TPM as a secure key-generating authority in a Shamir identity-based signature scheme implementation. The authors demonstrate that the TPM can be used for more than what it's usually documented for. If more such uses can be found, perhaps the TPM will no longer be underutilized.
Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in chronic haemodialysis (1996)

There is a high prevalence of hepatitis virus infection in haemodialysis patients (17.7% of patients on the EDTA registry). That prevalence varies according to countries with a North-South gradient but also according to institutions or to the mode of treatment: haemodialysis in a unit or at home, peritoneal dialysis. Post-transfusional contamination was the number one risk factor before 1991. The incidence of infection in haemodialysis units is also variable, which reveals the risk of nosocomial transmission between patients. Strict observance of universal precautions against nosocomial infections reduces the contamination risk. The relevancy of separating patients is controversial. Other risk factors exist in haemodialysis patients, especially in those with heavier medical records, multiple surgery, endoscopy. Diagnostic anti-HCV antibody screening has improved in terms of specificity and sensitivity. HCV RNA detection by PCR confirms that most HCV antibody-positive patients are also viraemic and potentially contaminant; it permits detecting recent contamination. Virus genotyping is epidemiologically relevant because it offers the possibility to trace infections, and may also have therapeutical interest. Prevalence is greater in personnel than in the general population, which underlines the necessity to observe universal precautions.
Misonidazole as a radiosensitizer in the radiotherapy of glioblastomas and oesophageal cancer. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies (1981)

Since May 1978 the hypoxic-cell radiosensitizer, misonidazole (MIS), has been under clinical investigation in a phase III trial with multiple doses of the drug in 11 patients with brain tumours (seven glioblastomas, four recurrent brain tumours) and three patients with oesophageal carcinoma. The doses of MIS administered were usually well tolerated but the principal toxicities observed were peripheral neuropathy as well as nausea and vomiting was completely reversible. The incidence of neuropathy was not related to the pharmacological parameters of plasma level or half-life. Pharmacological assessment by high-pressure liquid chromatography included assays of plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The demethylated product, Ro-05-9963, was detected as the major metabolite. Peak plasma levels were obtained one to four hours after administration of MIS, with a half-life of five to ten hours. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MIS correlated well with those of the plasma. MIS was mainly excreted as the demethylated metabolite, but less than 40% of the given dose could be recovered. The results obtained suggest that the present MIS dosage for glioblastoma patients results in a low plasma level with no observable therapeutic effect.
A novel orally active proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 triggers in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma (2010)

Bortezomib therapy has proven successful for the treatment of relapsed, relapsed/refractory, and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). At present, bortezomib is available as an intravenous injection, and its prolonged treatment is associated with toxicity and development of drug resistance. Here we show that the novel proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912, a tripeptide epoxyketone, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in MM cells resistant to conventional and bortezomib therapies. The anti-MM activity of ONX-0912 is associated with activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly(ADP) ribose polymerase, as well as inhibition of migration of MM cells and angiogenesis. ONX 0912, like bortezomib, predominantly inhibits chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is distinct from bortezomib in its chemical structure. Importantly, ONX 0912 is orally bioactive. In animal tumor model studies, ONX 0912 significantly reduced tumor progression and prolonged survival. Immununostaining of MM tumors from ONX 0912-treated mice showed growth inhibition, apoptosis, and a decrease in associated angiogenesis. Finally, ONX 0912 enhances anti-MM activity of bortezomib, lenalidomide dexamethasone, or pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor. Taken together, our study provides the rationale for clinical protocols evaluating ONX 0912, either alone or in combination, to improve patient outcome in MM.
Impact of high frequency conducted voltage disturbances on LED driver circuits (2017)

Increasingly, consumer electronic devices utilize power supplies that have switching frequencies up to several tens of kilohertz. Consequently, emission in the frequency range 2 to 150kHz ('supraharmonics') is continuously increasing. Cases of conducted interference in LED lamps using switched mode power supplies, from supraharmonics have been reported over the past three years. This paper presents results from experiments where supraharmonic voltage distortion was applied to commercially available LED driver circuits. Variations of light output were obtained in some cases, along with evidence pointing to reduced converter efficiency and influence of point on wave of the distortion, on the light output. Importantly, it was shown that electromagnetic compatibility is not converter topology dependent, nor influenced by galvanic isolation. The results demonstrate that converters with similar topology can have vastly different behavior and there is a marked dissimilarity in performance among different topologies.
Nonenzymatic Glucosylation of Serum Proteins in Diabetes Mellitus (1979)

The extent of nonenzymatic glucosylation of serum protein in control and diabetic subjects was measured by a chemical procedure using thiobarbituric acid. A mean value of 0.81 (+/- 0.21 SD) nmol glucose per milligram serum protein was observed in the control group. Diabetics displayed elevated levels of glucosylated serum proteins, up to 4 nmol glucose per milligram protein. Glucosylation of serum protein correlated strongly with fasting blood sugar (r = 0.71), percent hemoglobin A1 (r = 0.79), and percent glucosylated albumin (r = 0.99). There was no overlap between control and diabetic groups, i.e., within 3 SD of the mean of controls. These studies indicate that the assay for glucosylated serum protein appears to be an especially sensitive indicator of the degree of hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Protein hydrolysis by immobilized and stabilized trypsin (2011)

The preparation of novel immobilized and stabilized derivatives of trypsin is reported here. The new derivatives preserved 80% of the initial catalytic activity toward synthetic substrates [benzoyl-arginine p-nitroanilide (BAPNA)] and were 50,000-fold more thermally stable than the diluted soluble enzyme in the absence of autolysis. Trypsin was immobilized on highly activated glyoxyl-Sepharose following a two-step immobilization strategy: (a) first, a multipoint covalent immobilization at pH 8.5 that only involves low pK(a) amino groups (e.g., those derived from the activation of trypsin from trypsinogen) is performed and (b) next, an additional alkaline incubation at pH 10 is performed to favor an intense, additional multipoint immobilization between the high concentration of proximate aldehyde groups on the support surface and the high pK(a) amino groups at the enzyme surface region that participated in the first immobilization step. Interestingly, the new, highly stable trypsin derivatives were also much more active in the proteolysis of high molecular weight proteins when compared with a nonstabilized derivative prepared on CNBr-activated Sepharose. In fact, all the proteins contained a cheese whey extract had been completely proteolyzed after 6 h at pH 9 and 50°C, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Under these experimental conditions, the immobilized biocatalysts preserve more than 90% of their initial activity after 20 days. Analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the best immobilized trypsin derivative showed a surface region containing two amino terminal groups and five lysine (Lys) residues that may be responsible for this novel and interesting immobilization and stabilization. Moreover, this region is relatively far from the active site of the enzyme, which could explain the good results obtained for the hydrolysis of high-molecular weight proteins.
Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Corneal Graft Failure (1993)

Corneal graft failure is frequently mediated by uncontrolled inflammatory disease. We studied the expression of cell adhesion molecules in seven penetrating keratoplasty specimens with graft failure and in a normal eye bank cornea using immunohistochemical staining and monoclonal antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen (HLA-DR). ICAM-1 and HLA-DR were expressed on keratocytes and the corneal endothelium in six of the seven specimens. ICAM-1 expression was strongest in the corneas with the most severe inflammation (corneal allograft rejection and severe intraocular inflammation). LFA-1 is a counter-receptor for ICAM-1, and infiltration with leukocytes expressing either the alpha or beta chain of LFA-1 was found in areas of ICAM-1 expression in four of the seven corneas. In contrast, E-selectin was expressed in the stroma in only two specimens, and VCAM-1 in one specimen. Expression of cell adhesion molecules or MHC class II antigen were not detected in the normal eye bank cornea. These data suggest that ICAM-1 expression may play an important role in the development of corneal graft failure. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies to block ICAM-1 or its ligands may inhibit the development of corneal inflammation.
Characterization of laterally aligned carbon nanotubes formed by AC dielectrophoresis (2007)

We investigate the relationship between the parameters of the AC electric field and the properties of dielectrophoretically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) between two triangular-shaped micro-electrodes. Specifically, the effects of electrode dimensions, magnitude and frequency of the applied potential, and fluid velocity due to electrothermal force on the resultant aligned CNT trace width are examined. Parameters of the electric field are computed numerically using Ansoftreg. Both transient and steady state results are studied. The transient results shows the CNT trace grows linearly initially. This is followed by an asymptotic widening of the trace before a constant steady-state trace width is reached. The steady-state trace width (1) increases with electrode tip angle, (2) increases with increasing potential, and (3) is not affected by the frequency of the applied potential. The results of the present study provide an important guideline for designing CNT based devices fabricated by dielectrophoresis.
Information extraction from scientific paper using rhetorical classifier (2011)

Time constraints often lead a reader of scientific paper to read only the title and abstract of the paper, but reading these parts is often ineffective. This study aims to extract information automatically in order to help the readers get structured information from a scientific paper. The information extraction is done by rhetorical classification of each sentence in a scientific paper. Rhetoric information is the intention to be conveyed to the reader by the author of the paper. This research used corpus-based approach to build rhetorical classifier. Since there was a lack of rethorical corpus, we constructed our own corpus, which is a collection of sentences that have been labeled with rhetorical information. Each sentence represented as a vector of content, location, citation, and meta-discourses features. This collection of feature vectors is used to build rhetorical classifiers by using machine learning techniques. Experiments were conducted to select the best learning techniques for rhetorical classifier. Training set consists of 7239 labeled sentences, and the testing set consists of 3638 labeled sentences. We used WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) and LibSVM libraries. Learning techniques being considered were Naive Bayes, C4.5, Logistic, Multi-Layer Perceptron, PART, Instance-based Learning, and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The best performers are the SVM and Logistic classifier with accuracy of 0.51. By applying one-against-all strategy, the SVM accuracy can be improved to 0.60.