gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general approach to d-dimensional geometric queries (1985)

It is shown that any bounded region in Ed can be divided into 2d subregions of equal volume in such a way that no hyperplane in Ed can intersect all 2d of the subregions. This theorem provides the basis of a data structure scheme for organizing n points in d dimensions. Under this scheme, a broad class of geometric queries in d dimensions, including many common problems in range search and optimization, can be solved in linear storage space and sublinear time.
Antiandrogens inhibit human androgen receptor‐dependent gene transcription activation in the human prostate cancer cells LNCaP (1994)

Human androgen receptor (hAR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates androgen-induced actions on target tissues. Transfection studies in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP examine the ability of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), hydroxyflutamide (HO-FLU), cyproterone acetate (Cypro.A), and RU 23908-10 to stimulate or to inhibit the transcription activation of mouse mammary tumor virus-bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (MMTV-CAT). DHT stimulated transcription activation of MMTV-CAT gene in LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner. HO-FLU, Cypro.A, and RU 23908-10, though only partially, also stimulated the transcription activation of MMTV-CAT. Despite this, 100- to 1,000-fold molar excess of all antiandrogens inhibited the agonistic activity of 10 nM DHT in this system. Receptor binding assays confirmed that HO-FLU, Cypro.A, and RU 23908-10 competed with DHT for AR binding in LNCaP cells. Western blot analysis using AR antipeptide antibodies raised in rabbits revealed the presence of two AR protein bands in LNCaP cells, following treatment with antiandrogens. Increasing doses of HO-FLU stimulated the expression of the 114-kDa AR by 2.5-fold, but did not affect the 108-kDa AR. Increasing doses of Cypro.A and RU 23908-10 decreased the levels of both the 114-kDa and the 108-kDa AR. Although the exact nature of 108-kDa and 114-kDa AR in LNCaP cells is still unknown, these data suggest that the regulatory actions of each individual antiandrogen on AR expression in LNCaP cells may be different.
Design, Synthesis, and Dopamine Receptor Modulating Activity of Diketopiperazine Peptidomimetics of<scp>l</scp>-Prolyl-<scp>l</scp>-leucylglycinamide (1997)

The diketopiperazine "C5" conformational mimic has been incorporated into the L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide (PLG, 1) structure and into the bicyclic lactam PLG peptidomimetic structure 3 to give compounds 5 and 6, respectively. These analogues were designed to explore the idea that the N-terminal "C5" conformation, which was found in the crystal structure of 2 and which was mimicked in 4 by the diketopiperazine function, was a factor in the high potency of these two agents. Through the use of the [3H]spiroperidol/N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) D2 receptor competitive binding assay, both 5 and 6 were found to increase the affinity of the dopamine receptor for agonists and both were found to increase the percentage of D2 receptors which existed in the high-affinity state. These effects were observed when Gpp(NH)p was either absent or present, and they were analogous to the effects observed previously for PLG and the PLG peptidomimetics 2 and 4. However, the potency seen with 5 and 6 was less than that seen for 2 and 4, suggesting that while the N-terminal "C5" conformation may play a role in the potency of the gamma-lactam peptidomimetics of PLG, it does not appear to be the primary factor. In the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animal model of Parkinson's disease, 5 altered apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum effect occurred at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg i.p. and resulted in a 52.27 +/- 13.96% (p < 0.001, n = 7) increase in rotations compared to apomorphine administered alone.
Inhibition of Serine Proteinases by Tetra-<i>p</i>-Amidinophenoxy-<i>neo</i>-Pentane: Thermodynamic and Molecular Modeling Study (1987)

The inhibitory effect of the aromatic tetra-benzamidine derivative tetra-p-amidinophenoxy-neo-pentane (TAPP) on the catalytic properties of beta-trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), alpha-thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5), factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.6), Lys77-plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) and beta-kallikrein-B (EC 3.4.21.35) was investigated (between pH 2 and 8, I = 0.1 M; T = 37 +/- 0.5 degrees C), and analyzed in parallel with that of benzamidine, commonly taken as a molecular inhibitor model of serine proteinases. Over the whole pH range explored, TAPP and benzamidine show the same values of the dissociation inhibition constant (Ki) for beta-trypsin; at variance with the affinity of TAPP for alpha-thrombin, factor Xa, Lys77-plasmin and beta-kallikrein-B which is higher than that found for benzamidine association around neutrality, but tends to converge in the acidic pH limb. On lowering the pH from 5.5 to 3.0, values of Ki for TAPP binding to beta-trypsin as well as for benzamidine association to all the enzymes investigated decreased thus reflecting the pK-shift, upon inhibitor binding, of a single ionizing group. Over the same pH range, values of Ki for TAPP binding to alpha-thrombin, factor Xa, Lys77-plasmin and beta-kallikrein-B may be described as depending on the pK-shift, upon inhibitor association, of two equivalent proton-binding amino acid residues. Considering the X-ray three-dimensional structures and the computer-generated molecular models of serine proteinases: TAPP and :benzamidine adducts, the observed binding behaviour of TAPP and benzamidine to the enzymes considered has been related to the inferred stereochemistry of proteinase: inhibitor contact region(s).
Optically induced Kerr phase shifting in optical fibre gates at diode laser pump powers (1988)

Fast all-optical signal processing devices are desirable for use in high speed optical communications systems. The optical Kerr effect has the potential for a wideband, ultrafast response. Because of this, Kerr effect devices have been considered for all-optical signal processing applications. To date a number of all optical Kerr devices have been demonstrated. These include an all-fibre logic 'AND' gate and a Kerr modulator. Commercial applications of such devices are much more likely if diode lasers could be used to provide these high intensities. The authors summarise work on two types of modulator that are pumped by a diode laser. The first is based on the nonlinear Mach Zehnder interferometer structure and the second uses polarisation rotation in a single birefringent fibre. >
Effect of copper and iron ions on cytotoxicity induced by ascorbate, gallate and caffeate. (1997)

Four antioxidants, sodium ascorbate, gallic acid, n-propyl gallate and caffeic acid, induced apoptotic cell death in human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. The effects of all these compounds were enhanced by CuCl2 or deferoxamine mesylate, an iron chelator, but were reduced by FeCl3. ESR spectroscopy showed that both CuCl2 and FeCl3 enhanced the ascorbyl radical intensity, but reduced the gallate and caffeate radical intensity. The present data demonstrate that copper and iron ions modify the cytotoxic activity of these antioxidants differently and their radical intensity is not the sole determinant of cytotoxic activity.
On the Enumeration of Shapes (2020)

We define a shape as a union of finitely many line segments. Given an arrangement of lines on a plane, we count the number of shapes in the arrangement by examining the symmetries of the arrangement and applying Burnside's lemma. We further establish a generating function for the number of distinct line segments on a line with k distinguished points. We list all affine line arrangements of four and five line segments, together with the corresponding number of shapes on them.
Distributed clustering in ad-hoc sensor networks: a hybrid, energy-efficient approach (2004)

Prolonged network lifetime, scalability, and load balancing are important requirements for many ad-hoc sensor network applications. Clustering sensor nodes is an effective technique for achieving these goals. In this work, we propose a new energy-efficient approach for clustering nodes in ad-hoc sensor networks. Based on this approach, we present a protocol, HEED (hybrid energy-efficient distributed clustering), that periodically selects cluster heads according to a hybrid of their residual energy and a secondary parameter, such as node proximity to its neighbors or node degree. HEED does not make any assumptions about the distribution or density of nodes, or about node capabilities, e.g., location-awareness. The clustering process terminates in O(1) iterations, and does not depend on the network topology or size. The protocol incurs low overhead in terms of processing cycles and messages exchanged. It also achieves fairly uniform cluster head distribution across the network. A careful selection of the secondary clustering parameter can balance load among cluster heads. Our simulation results demonstrate that HEED outperforms weight-based clustering protocols in terms of several cluster characteristics. We also apply our approach to a simple application to demonstrate its effectiveness in prolonging the network lifetime and supporting data aggregation.
Spark Ignition Engines (1992)

This chapter considers how the combustion process is initiated and constrained in spark ignition engines. The air/fuel mixture has to be close to stoichiometric (chemically correct) for satisfactory spark ignition and flame propagation. The equivalence ratio or mixture strength of the air/fuel mixture also affects pollutant emissions, as discussed in chapter 3, and influences the susceptibility to spontaneous self-ignition (that is, knock). A lean air/fuel mixture (equivalence ratio less than unity) will burn more slowly and will have a lower maximum temperature than a less lean mixture. Slower combustion will lead to lower peak pressures, and both this and the lower peak temperature will reduce the tendency for knock to occur. The air/fuel mixture also affects the engine efficiency and power output. At constant engine speed with fixed throttle, it can be seen how the brake specific fuel consumption (inverse of efficiency) and power output vary. This is shown in figure 4.1 for a typical spark ignition engine at full or wide open throttle (WOT). As this is a constant-speed test, power output is proportional to torque output, and this is most conveniently expressed as bmep since bmep is independent of engine size. Figure 4.2 is an alternative way of expressing the same data (because of their shape, the plots are often referred to as ‘fish-hook’ curves); additional part throttle data have also been included.
Tuning the Properties at Heterobimetallic Core:  Mixed-Ligand Bismuth−Rhodium Paddlewheel Carboxylates (2006)

Mixed-ligand heterometallic compounds [BiRh(O2CCF3)4-x(O2CR)x] (R = But, x = 2 (cis); R = Me, Bui, x = 1) have been obtained by gas-phase reactions of bismuth(II) trifluoroacetate with the corresponding rhodium(II) carboxylate. This synthetic approach was found to be very effective for tuning the properties and introduction of chiral ligands at a heterobimetallic core.
MR Imaging Features of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (2013)

In 49% of cases of ARIA-E, there was the associated appearance of ARIA-H. In treated patients without ARIA-E, the risk for incident blood products was 4%. This association between ARIA-E and ARIA-H may suggest a common pathophysiologic mechanism. Familiarity with ARIA should permit radiologists and clinicians to recognize and communicate ARIA findings more reliably for optimal patient management.
Actuation systems in plants as prototypes for bioinspired devices (2009)

Plants have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to actuate organ movement. The osmotic influx and efflux of water in living cells can cause a rapid movement of organs in a predetermined direction. Even dead tissue can be actuated by a swelling or drying of the plant cell walls. The deformation of the organ is controlled at different levels of tissue hierarchy by geometrical constraints at the micrometre level (e.g. cell shape and size) and cell wall polymer composition at the nanoscale (e.g. cellulose fibril orientation). This paper reviews different mechanisms of organ movement in plants and highlights recent research in the field. Particular attention is paid to systems that are activated without any metabolism. The design principles of such systems may be particularly useful for a biomimetic translation into active technical composites and moving devices.
Quorum-based pure directional neighbor discovery in self-organized ad hoc networks (2010)

Neighbor discovery is vital for initialing and maintaining self-organized ad hoc networks. In order to exchange advertise messages and learn about each other presence, nodes have to aim their antennas toward each other when they are only utilized by directional antennas. Since ad hoc networks nodes have no former information about each other, neighbor discovery in directional ad hoc networks becomes more challenging. An asynchronous pure directional quorum-based neighbor discovery technique is proposed for the first time in this paper. Using quorum system for realizing the pure directional asynchronous and deterministic neighbor discovery is the novelty of this approach. All nodes are able to find all their potential neighbors in a relatively small time interval using proposed and transmission scenario and neighbor discovery. The independency of quorum based neighbor discovery to omnidirectional antennas during discovery process divides this approach from former related solutions. The suggested approach, by means of quorum system guarantees at least a common active interval for any two reciprocal beams during neighbor discovery procedure. The correctness of quorum based neighbor discovery in directional ad hoc network is discussed besides evaluating by series of simulations. This approach can be classified as fully directional handshake-based deterministic neighbor discovery algorithm.
Novel integrated silicon nanophotonic structures using ultra-high Q resonators (2009)

Optical traveling-wave resonator architectures have shown promise for the realization of many compact photonic functionalities in different research disciplines. Realizing these resonator structures in high-index contrast silicon enables dense and large scale integration of large arrays of functionalized resonators in a CMOS-compatible technology platform. Based on these motivations, the main focus of this Ph.D. research has been on the device physics, modeling, implementations, and applications of planar ultra-high Q silicon traveling-wave microresonators in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Microdisk, microring, and racetrack resonators are the three general traveling-wave resonator architectures of interests that I have investigated in this thesis, with greater emphasis on microdisks. I have developed efficient tools for the accurate modeling of these resonators. The coupling to these resonators has been through a nano-waveguide side coupled to them. For this purpose, I have developed a systematic method for engineering a waveguide-resonator structure for optimum coupling. I have addressed the development of nanofabrication techniques for these resonators with efficient interaction with a nano-waveguide and fully compatible with active electronic integration. The outcome of the theoretical design, fabrication, and characterization of these resonators is a world-record ultra-high Q (3×10[superscript 6]) with optimum waveguide-resonator interaction. I have investigated the scaling of these resonators toward the ultimate miniaturization and its impact on different physical properties of the resonators. As a result of these investigations, I have demonstrated miniaturized Si microdisk resonators with radii of ~ 1.5 micron and Q > 10⁵ with single-mode operation over the entire large free-spectral range. This is the highest Q (~ one order more than that in previously reported data) that has been obtained for a Si microdisk resonator with this size on a SiO₂ substrate. I have employed these resonators for more advanced functionalities such as large-scale integration of resonators for spectroscopic and filtering applications, as well as the design of flat-band coupled-resonator filter structures. By proposing a systematic method of design, I have shown ultra-compact coupled-resonator filters with bandwidths ranging from 0.4 to 1 nm. I have theoretically and experimentally investigated the performance of ultra-high Q resonators at high powers and in the presence of nonlinearities. At high powers, the presence of two-photon absorption, free-carrier generation, and thermo-optic properties of silicon results in a rich dynamic in the response of the resonator. In both theory and experiment, I have predicted and demonstrated self-sustained GHz oscillation on the amplitude of an ultra-high Q resonator pumped with a continuous-wave laser.
Stable operation of a synchronously pumped colliding-pulse mode-locked ring dye laser (1985)

Pulses of 100-fsec duration are obtained by synchronous pumping of a colliding-pulse ring dye laser with a mode-locked Ar(+)-ion laser. Stable operation of the synchronously pumped colliding-pulse mode-locked laser over hours was obtained by a suitable choice of the distance between the gain and the absorber in combination with an appropriate pump-pulse sequence.
The Mechanistic Fate of the Anilino Moiety in the Rearrangement of α-Anilinoketones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanistic Fate of the Anilino Moiety in the Rearrangement of α-AnilinoketonesK. LeRoi. Nelson, Jerold C. Robertson, and John J. DuvallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 4, 684–687Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01058a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01058a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Exercise therapy for heart failure]. (2006)

In chronic heart failure of CAD, therapeutic approach will be available either with drugs or exercise. With exercise, coronary risk factors such as BP, lipid, DM and obesity will be controlled. In addition, ischemia will also be controlled by decreasing oxygen demand related to BP and HR, and with increasing oxygen supply by increased ECNOS gene expression, collateral formation and regression of coronary stenosis. Infarct size is also reported to be decreased by increasing MnSOD in the cell by exercise. Prognosis of CHF is also good in various evidence of exercise therapy. Recent advances of molecular biology have revealed various mechanisms of exercise effect. Thus, exercise if properly prescribed without provoking ischemia will be basically and clinically effective therapy for patients with CHF.
Hardware/Software Co-Design of a Traffic Sign Recognition System Using Zynq FPGAs (2015)

Traffic sign recognition (TSR), taken as an important component of an intelligent vehicle system, has been an emerging research topic in recent years. In this paper, a traffic sign detection system based on color segmentation, speeded-up robust features (SURF) detection and the k-nearest neighbor classifier is introduced. The proposed system benefits from the SURF detection algorithm, which achieves invariance to rotated, skewed and occluded signs. In addition to the accuracy and robustness issues, a TSR system should target a real-time implementation on an embedded system. Therefore, a hardware/software co-design architecture for a Zynq-7000 FPGA is presented as a major objective of this work. The sign detection operations are accelerated by programmable hardware logic that searches the potential candidates for sign classification. Sign recognition and classification uses a feature extraction and matching algorithm, which is implemented as a software component that runs on the embedded ARM CPU.
<i>Update:</i> The Case for Patient-Specific Dosimetry in Radionuclide Therapy (2008)

In this review of the literature and general practice in the use of radiopharmaceuticals for therapy, an argument is provided to demonstrate that the use of patient-individualized radiation dose assessment should become routine in these forms of therapy, as they are in other uses of radiation in therapy. Individual objections to patient-specific dosimetry will be raised and addressed, using findings presented in the literature. Such approaches are superior to the use of a fixed activity or activity per unit body weight approach in nuclear medicine therapy, which is current practice. It will be demonstrated that standardized and automated methods, with adjustment for patient-specific physical and biokinetic data, are of similar cost and difficulty to those used in other therapeutic modalities. Most importantly, the data show that careful use of patient-individualized dose calculations will produce calculated radiation dose estimates that correlate well with observed effects and that use of a dosimetry-based approach will result in better patient outcomes, improving the quality of medical care for patients and reducing costs for the institutions involved. The conclusion of this analysis is that the time has come for this reasonable paradigm to become routine practice.
Light‐driven Hydrogen Production by a Hybrid Complex of a [NiFe]‐Hydrogenase and the Cyanobacterial Photosystem I (2006)

In order to generate renewable and clean fuels, increasing efforts are focused on the exploitation of photosynthetic microorganisms for the production of molecular hydrogen from water and light. In this study we engineered a 'hard-wired' protein complex consisting of a hydrogenase and photosystem I (hydrogenase-PSI complex) as a direct light-to-hydrogen conversion system. The key component was an artificial fusion protein composed of the membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenase from the beta-proteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 and the peripheral PSI subunit PsaE of the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. The resulting hydrogenase-PsaE fusion protein associated with PsaE-free PSI spontaneously, thereby forming a hydrogenase-PSI complex as confirmed by sucrose-gradient ultracentrifuge and immunoblot analysis. The hydrogenase-PSI complex displayed light-driven hydrogen production at a rate of 0.58 mumol H(2).mg chlorophyll(-1).h(-1). The complex maintained its accessibility to the native electron acceptor ferredoxin. This study provides the first example of a light-driven enzymatic reaction by an artificial complex between a redox enzyme and photosystem I and represents an important step on the way to design a photosynthetic organism that efficiently converts solar energy and water into hydrogen.