gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selected Bacterial Strains Protect <i>Artemia</i> spp. from the Pathogenic Effects of <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> CW8T2 (2000)

In this study Vibrio proteolyticus CW8T2 has been identified as a virulent pathogen for Artemia spp. Its infection route has been visualized with transmission electron microscopy. The pathogen affected microvilli and gut epithelial cells, disrupted epithelial cell junctions, and reached the body cavity, where it devastated cells and tissues. In vivo antagonism tests showed that preemptive colonization of the culture water with nine selected bacterial strains protected Artemia juveniles against the pathogenic effects. Two categories of the selected strains could be distinguished: (i) strains providing total protection, as no mortality occurred 2 days after the experimental infection with V. proteolyticus CW8T2, with strain LVS8 as a representative, and (ii) strains providing partial protection, as significant but not total mortality was observed, with strain LVS2 as a representative. The growth of V. proteolyticus CW8T2 in the culture medium was slowed down in the presence of strains LVS2 and LVS8, but growth suppression was distinctly higher with LVS8 than with LVS2. It was striking that the strains that gave only partial protection against the pathogen in the in vivo antagonism test showed also a restricted capability to colonize the Artemia compared to the strains providing total protection. The in vivo antagonism tests and the filtrate experiments showed that probably no extracellular bacterial compounds were involved in the protective action but that the living cells were required to protect Artemia against V. proteolyticus CW8T2.
Ultrasound-induced release of micropallets with cells (2012)

Separation of selected adherent live cells attached on an array of microelements, termed micropallets, from a mixed population is an important process in biomedical research. We demonstrated that adherent cells can be safely, selectively, and rapidly released from the glass substrate together with micropallets using an ultrasound wave. A 3.3-MHz ultrasound transducer was used to release micropallets (500 μm × 500 μm × 300 μm) with attached HeLa cells, and a cell viability of 92% was obtained after ultrasound release. The ultrasound-induced release process was recorded by a high-speed camera, revealing a proximate velocity of ∼0.5 m/s.
Relay-based PID tuning (2005)

In fact the ZN tuning scheme, where the controller gain is experimentally determined to just bring the plant to the brink of instability is a form of model identification. All tuning schemes contain a model identification component, but the more popular ones just streamline and disguise that part better. The entire tedious procedure of trial and error is simply to establish the value of the gain that introduces half a cycle delay when operating under feedback. This is known as the ultimate gain Ku and is related to the point where the Nyquist curve of the plant in Fig. 1(b) first cuts the real axis.
Confidence factor and feature selection for semi-supervised multi-label classification methods (2014)

In this paper, we investigate two important problems in multi-label classification algorithms, which are: the number of labeled instances and the high dimensionality of the labeled instances. In the literature, we can find several papers about multi-label classification problems, where an instance can be associated with more than one label simultaneously. One of the main issues with multi-label classification methods is that many of these require a high number of instances to be able to generalize in an efficient way. In order to solve this problem, we used semi-supervised learning, which combines labeled and unlabeled instances during the training process. In this sense, the semi-supervised learning may become an essential tool to define, efficiently, the process of automatic assignment of labels. Therefore, this paper presents four semi-supervised methods for the multi-label classification, focusing on the use of a confidence parameter in the process of automatic assignment of labels. In order to validate the feasibility of these methods, an empirical analysis will be conducted using high-dimensional datasets, aiming to evaluate the performance of such methods in different situations. In this case, we will apply a feature selection algorithm in order to reduce, in an efficient way, the number of features to be used by the classification methods.
MPLS Based Best Effort Traffic Engineering (2004)

The advent of Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) enables traffic engineering by introducing connection-oriented features of forwarding packets over arbitrary non-shortest paths. Our goal in this research is to improve the network utilization for best effort traffic in IP networks. By examining the best effort traffic class, we assume The large volume of research that has been conducted on traffic engineering for assured forwarding and expedited forwarding with admission control allows traffic engineering on those traffic classes. We examine a different and in some sense a "more complex" problem (traffic demands are not known a priori) of traffic engineering for the remaining network bandwidth which is utilized by best effort traffic. We present a generic traffic engineering framework and four specific algorithms. This framework has two prominent features 1) it uses MPLS to encapsulate source-destination aggregate flows within a Label Switched Path (LSP), with multiple LSPs per source-destination. 2) The framework is "stateless", only the topology is used to determine the traffic routing.
The significance of granzyme B expression in patients with angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck (2001)

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to establish a correlation between granzyme B expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with angiocentric lymphomas of the head and neck and to determine whether the expression of granzyme B had any influence on the treatment outcomes of such patients. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck who were treated between 1987 and 1996 were divided into two groups according to whether their tumors were immunoreactive for granzyme B: the granzyme B negative group (n = 22 patients) and the granzyme B positive group (n = 35 patients). The clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings, patterns of disease failure, and survival data for the granzyme B positive group were compared with those for the granzyme B negative group. RESULTS Greater than 60% of patients with angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck were shown to have granzyme B positive tumors. All tumors that expressed granzyme B also consistently coexpressed CD56, indicating that they probably are the neoplastic equivalent of either natural killer (NK) cells or activated cytotoxic T cells. Although there were no significant differences in histopathologic features or expression of CD45RO and polyclonal CD3-ϵ between the groups, the Epstein–Barr virus genomes were detected more frequently in the granzyme B positive group compared with the granzyme B negative group. Despite a similar rate of complete remission after initial treatment, the locoregional recurrence rate of patients in the granzyme B positive group was much higher compared with patients in the granzyme B negative group. In addition, compared with patients in the granzyme B negative group, patients in the granzyme B positive group also had an increased risk of systemic disease recurrence and a decreased overall survival rate. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that the cytotoxic granule-associated protein, granzyme B, may be used as an additional marker for identifying NK/T-cell lymphoma and as a prognostic indicator for risk assessment in patients with angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck. Cancer 2001;91:2343–52. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Experimental Study of the Eustachian Tube Function with Regard to its Related Muscles (1979)

Utilizing electromyography and electrical muscle stimulation, the muscle responsible for opening the Eustachian tube was examined im 12 dogs. Different time values for tubal opening and levator activity indicate little contribution of the levator in the functioning of the tube. By relatively low stimulation of the tensor, the tube opened consistently, while the levator failed to produce any dilation of the tube, regardless of the amount of stimulation, in 6 dogs. Thus, it is concluded that the sole muscle responsible for tubal opening is the tensor, while the levator does not participate in the functioning of the tube.
Phase-Shifting Interferometry (2018)

Interierometric methods permit us to measure the shape oi an optical suriace with high accuracy, using the wavelength as a unit oi length. On the other hand, spherical suriaces are the most common, but aspherical surfaces i.e., not spherical, are more and more popular due to their great design advantages. Aspherical surfaces generally have the shape of a conic of revolution. The prozedure to determine the quality of an aspherical surface is not an easy one. However, these methods are absolutely necessary in order to manufacture the very precise modern optica! surfaces. Phase shifting interferometry started about ten years ago. It has many great advantages with respect to the traditiona! methods, mainly when it's applied to the testing of optical surfaces. Here, we present a review of these advances.
Mechanical properties of bioactive glasses, glass-ceramics and composites (1998)

The application of bioactive glass and glass-ceramics has been widely documented over the past twenty years but the high modulus and low fracture toughness has made them less applicable for clinical, load bearing, applications. The development of non-resorbable polyethylene and polysulphone matrices for these materials has improved the mechanical properties. However, the primary concern of whether the bioactivity of the composites is reduced is still unresolved. The more recent development of resorbable carrier systems, dextran and collagen, for bioactive glasses does not introduce such problems, hence making this form of composite suitable for novel soft tissue applications. The development of a simple quality index has enabled some of the materials described within this paper to be ranked by their ability to replace bone, thus enabling possible new research directions to be emphasized.
Design and control issues of integrated self-healing networks in SONET (2002)

An integrated self-healing network is discussed, where RD (route diversity), SSR (shared self-healing ring), and DSH (dynamic self-healing algorithms) together perform the whole network restoration. In order to achieve a higher degree of network survivability, a joint use of SSR and DSH techniques is one of the solutions. The authors specifically propose the shared use of protection routes between SSR and DSH, which can reduce the total amount of spare capacity. The proposed integrated self-healing can be applied to a practical SONET (synchronous optical network) environment in which a variety of network elements are placed. Various survivability requirements are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional Electrical Stimulation (2006)

Abstract Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a rehabilitative technique where low level electrical voltages and currents are applied to an individual in order to improve or restore function lost to injury or disease. In its broadest definition, FES includes electrical stimulation technologies that, for example, are aimed at restoration of a sense of hearing for the deaf, vision for the blind, or suppression of seizures in epilepsy or tremors for people with Parkinson's disease. Most FES devices and systems are known then as “neuroprostheses” because through electrical stimulation they artificially modulate the excitability of neural tissue in order to restore function. While sometimes used synonymously with FES, the term functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) is most commonly used to describe only those FES technologies that are applied to the neuromuscular system in order to improve quality of life for people disabled by stroke, spinal cord injury, or other neurological conditions that result in impaired motor function (e.g., the abilities to move or breathe). Another technology closely related to FES is that of therapeutic electrical stimulation (TES), wherein electrical stimulation is applied to provide healing or recovery of tissues (e.g., muscle conditioning and strengthening, wound healing). As will be seen, some FES and FNS technologies concurrently provide or rely upon such therapeutic effects in order to successfully restore lost function. For illustrative purposes, much of this article is centered on FNS and related TES devices and technologies.
Multi-mJ, 200-fs, cw-pumped, cryogenically cooled, Yb,Na:CaF_2 amplifier (2009)

Using a novel (to our knowledge) broadband Yb-doped Yb3+,Na+:CaF2 crystal cooled in a closed loop to 130 K we demonstrate a chirped pulse regenerative laser amplifier delivering the energy of up to 3 mJ at a repetition rate of 1 kHz and an average output power of 6 W at 20 kHz. The gain narrowing in the laser crystal is compensated by shaping the amplitude of the seed pulse spectrum. As the result, at the highest amplified pulse energy we obtain a 12 nm FWHM bandwidth supporting a 130 fs pulse duration, assuming ideal compression. Amplified pulses were recompressed from 250 ps to 195 fs with a 1700 lines/mm transmission grating compressor.
Languages and Tools for Optimization of Large-Scale Systems (2007)

Modeling and simulation are established techniques for solving design problems in a wide range of engineering disciplines today. Dedicated computer languages, such as Modelica, and efficient software tools are available. In this thesis, an extension of Modelica, Optimica, targeted at dynamic optimization of Modelica models is proposed. In order to demonstrate the Optimica extension, supporting software has been developed. This includes a modularly extensible Modelica compiler, the JModelica compiler, and an extension that supports also Optimica. A Modelica library for paper machine dryer section modeling, DryLib, has been developed. The classes in the library enable structured and hierarchical modeling of dryer sections at the application user level, while offering extensibility for the expert user. Based on DryLib, a parameter optimization problem, a model reduction problem, and an optimization-based control problem have been formulated and solved. A start-up optimization problem for a plate reactor has been formulated in Optimica, and solved by means of the Optimica compiler. In addition, the robustness properties of the start-up trajectories have been evaluated by means of Monte-Carlo simulation. In many control systems, it is necessary to consider interaction with a user. In this thesis, a manual control scheme for an unstable inverted pendulum system, where the inputs are bounded, is presented. The proposed controller is based on the notion of reachability sets and guarantees semi global stability for all references. An inverted pendulum on a two wheels robot has been developed. A distributed control system, including sensor processing algorithms and a stabilizing control scheme has been implemented on three on-board embedded processors.
A New Reactive Current Reference Algorithm for the STATCOM System Based on Cascaded Multilevel Inverters (2014)

This paper presents a simple controller integrating a new reactive current reference algorithm for enhancing the transient performance of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). A multilevel cascaded inverter with separated dc capacitors which is driven by carrier-based pulse width modulation is used to implement the STATCOM. The voltage across each dc-link capacitor is regulated by the rotated switching swapping scheme. In this paper, the STATCOM is controlled to provide both reactive power (VAR) compensation and grid power factor correction at the point of common coupling with a dynamically varying reactive load system. The proposed algorithm enhances the transient performance of the closed-loop system with only proportional controller and minimizes the STATCOM reactive current ripples. STATCOM based on a five-level cascaded inverter is presented in this paper and the performance of the proposed controller is investigated through various simulation studies using MATLAB/Simulink software for both steady state and transient conditions. A laboratory prototype is also developed to verify the simulation results where a good match between simulation and experimental results is achieved.
Realization of Thin Film Encapsulation by Atomic Layer Deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at Low Temperature (2013)

We investigated Al2O3 atomic layer deposition growth layer for encapsulation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). It was found that surface properties of these O3-based Al2O3 were superior to those of H2O based Al2O3 grown at relative higher temperatures. Therefore, the water vapor transmission rate of ∼60 nm thick Al2O3 films can be reduced from 4.9 × 10–4 g/(m2 day) (80 °C–H2O) to 8.7 × 10–6 g/(m2 day) (80 °C–O3) under a controlled environment of 20 °C and relative humidity of 60%. Besides, the OLEDs integrated with 80 °C–O3 based Al2O3 film were undamaged, and their luminance decay time was altered to a considerable extent.
Biomimetic Morphogenesis of Calcium Carbonate in Mixed Solutions of Surfactants and Double-Hydrophilic Block Copolymers (2002)

The morphology of calcium carbonate can be tuned by using aqueous double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC)–surfactant mixtures in a chemical synthesis. Calcite hollow spheres (see Figure) and vaterite discs were obtained at different concentrations of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in a DHBC–SDS system. In contrast, pine-cone shaped particles were obtained by using a DHBC–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system.
Haptic interaction with user manipulation for smartphone (2013)

This paper presents haptic interaction design and implementation for our designed smartphone bumper case [1] providing an interactive and a realistic physical feeling. The thin actuator is installed in the case to simulate a rapid realistic response. We designed a software structure guaranteeing a realtime physical response. The designed API can be used to provide realistic touch responses corresponding to an interactive physical feeling during gaming applications corresponding to sound effects.
Optimization of plastic packaging of ferroelectric semiconductor memories (1998)

Abstract As the market for ferroelectric semiconductor memories matures, optimizing the assembly flow of these memories into plastic devices becomes a key consideration in the profitability of a product. In this paper, we will propose an optimized assembly flow that will improve retention yields and product reliability. This new flow reduces the time at elevated temperature which has been known to cause compensation shift of the hysteresis loop and a reduction of ferroelectric switching. Typically, combined cures during plastic assembly of ferroelectric memories can be as long as 10 hours at temperatures which activate the imprint mechanism as they approach the Curie point. Current processes use ink cures, wafer mount cures, die attach cures, wire bonding, die coat cures, molding, molding cures and, back and top marking cures. We will review a completed analysis that introduces a thermal budget, or a reduction of time at temperature, for four of these process steps; die attach cures, die coat cures, molding cures and marking cures. This work will show that using mold and die coat materials that use low temperature cures improves yields. Additionally, retention yields will improve by a factor of 2.8X when the temperature profile used for curing these materials is also reduced.
Localization of lectin binding sites in human, cat, and rabbit corneas. (1986)

Paraffin sections of human, cat, and rabbit corneas were stained with nine lectins, using an avidin-biotin-complex procedure to study glycoconjugates of the epithelium, keratocytes, and stromal matrix. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) stained plasma membranes of all epithelial cell layers of cat and human and superficial and wing cells of rabbit. Plasma membranes of superficial and wing cells of cat epithelium also stained with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I). Human and cat keratocytes stained with WGA and RCA-I. Stromal matrices of all three species were stained with concanavalin A and lentil agglutinin. In neuraminidase-treated sections, the entire epithelium and keratocytes of all three species stained with PNA. Corneal sections from the three species did not stain with Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, Ulex europeus I, and Soybean agglutinin. These data suggest the presence of oligosaccharides with: N-acetylglucosamine/sialic acid residues in cell membranes of corneal epithelium of all species studied and in the keratocytes of human and cat; terminal beta-galactose residues in cat and human keratocytes, beta-galactose-galactosamine chains in cat epithelial cell membranes; and sialic acid-beta-galactose-galactosamine chains in epithelial cell membranes and keratocytes of all three species.
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2)-Deficient Rats Exhibit Renal Tubule Injury and Perturbations in Metabolic and Immunological Homeostasis (2013)

Genetic evidence links mutations in the LRRK2 gene with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, for which no neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies currently exist. While the role of LRRK2 in normal cellular function has yet to be fully described, evidence suggests involvement with immune and kidney functions. A comparative study of LRRK2-deficient and wild type rats investigated the influence that this gene has on the phenotype of these rats. Significant weight gain in the LRRK2 null rats was observed and was accompanied by significant increases in insulin and insulin-like growth factors. Additionally, LRRK2-deficient rats displayed kidney morphological and histopathological alterations in the renal tubule epithelial cells of all animals assessed. These perturbations in renal morphology were accompanied by significant decreases of lipocalin-2, in both the urine and plasma of knockout animals. Significant alterations in the cellular composition of the spleen between LRRK2 knockout and wild type animals were identified by immunophenotyping and were associated with subtle differences in response to dual infection with rat-adapted influenza virus (RAIV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ontological pathway analysis of LRRK2 across metabolic and kidney processes and pathological categories suggested that the thioredoxin network may play a role in perturbing these organ systems. The phenotype of the LRRK2 null rat is suggestive of a complex biology influencing metabolism, immune function and kidney homeostasis. These data need to be extended to better understand the role of the kinase domain or other biological functions of the gene to better inform the development of pharmacological inhibitors.