gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bus-Ads: Bus Trajectory-Based Advertisement Distribution in VANETs Using Coalition Formation Games (2015)

Advertisement distribution is a novel application in intelligent transportation systems, where advertisements are delivered from source nodes to passengers or drivers in vehicles. This type of application offers passengers instant information and brings potential benefit to the advertisement providers. In this paper, we consider an advertisement distribution scenario, where buses on the road act as source nodes to broadcast advertisements and private vehicles share the received advertisements through vehicle-to-vehicle communication. During the advertisement transmission among private vehicles, if many vehicles simultaneously broadcast without coordination, serious interferences and data collisions may occur. Therefore, how to transmit advertisement by buses and private vehicles while avoiding severe interference has become a critical issue. To solve this problem, we propose a bus trajectory-based advertisement distribution scheme and name it Bus-Ads, which applies coalition games to guide the sharing mechanism among private vehicles. Simulation results show that, by using the Bus-Ads scheme, advertisements can be quickly delivered to more private vehicles in limited time. Compared with a state-of-art content distribution scheme and a random content distribution scheme, our scheme can provide a much larger benefit to the advertisement providers.
Amino acid determinants that drive heparan sulfate assembly in a proteoglycan. (1994)

To study how cells regulate the composition of glycosaminoglycan chains on proteoglycans, we have examined the assembly of chains on chimeric proteoglycans containing segments of betaglycan (transforming growth factor-beta Type III receptors) fused to protein A. Transient expression of the chimeras in Chinese hamster ovary cells revealed that only two glycosaminoglycan attachment sites exist. One site at Ser535 supported both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate synthesis, whereas the site at Ser546 supported only chondroitin sulfate. The compositions of the chimeras were the same in CHO-K1, CHOP-C4, BHK-21, and HeLa S3 cells and in chimeras containing polyhistidine fused to the C terminus. Deletion experiments showed that the assembly of heparan sulfate chains on the chimeras required a peptide segment of < or = 16 amino acids (SPGDSS535-GWPDGYEDLE) and the first 5 amino acids were not essential. Truncation of the acidic cluster (EDLE), site-directed mutation of the acidic residues in the cluster, or deletion of the sequence between the cluster and the Ser attachment site decreased heparan sulfate assembly. Mutation of Trp537 adjacent to the site also decreased heparan sulfate assembly. More importantly, introducing tryptophan next to three different Ser-Gly dipeptides in betaglycan and syndecan-1 chimeras stimulated assembly of heparan sulfate. Thus, one type of heparan sulfate attachment site consists of a Ser-Gly dipeptide and a flanking cluster of acidic residues. An adjacent tryptophan residue can augment the proportion of heparan sulfate.
A 3.4mW 65nm CMOS 5<sup>th</sup> order programmable active-RC channel select filter for LTE receivers (2013)

In this work a low power 5th order chebyshev active-RC low pass filter that meets Rel-8 LTE receiver requirements has been designed with programmable bandwidth and overshoot. Designed for a homodyne LTE receiver, filter bandwidths from 700kHz to 10MHz are supported. The bandwidth of the operational amplifiers is improved using a novel phase enhancement technique. The filter was implemented in 65nm CMOS technology with a core area of 0.29mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Its total current consumption is 2.83mA from a 1.2V supply. The measured input referred noise is 39nV/√Hz, the in-band IIP3 is 21.5dBm, at the band-edge the IIP3 is 20.7dBm, the out-of-band IIP3 is 20.6dBm, and the compression point is 0dBm.
Statistical simulation of MOSFETs using TCAD: meshing noise problem and selection of factors (2002)

The parametric yield strongly depends on statistical process fluctuations. Statistical simulation is thus needed for a robust design of process, device and circuit. This article describes the statistical simulation of MOSFETs using technology CAD (TCAD). We used this approach to solve the so-called meshing noise problem caused by discretization in process/device simulation. Also, we propose a new selection method of the factors for obtaining BSIM3v3 worst-case models based on principal component analysis (PCA).
Centralised Optical Monitoring of Tree-structured Passive Optical Networks using a Raman-assisted OTDR (2007)

Monitoring of tree-structured passive optical networks from a central office is difficult to achieve using a standard OTDR. Switchable reflective elements placed at the ONU can help to discriminate between the branches. In parallel, a Raman assisted OTDR is shown to increase the dynamic range of the reflectometry measurement, thus enabling to detect more faults in the network, and especially fibre breaks after the splitter.
Turing patterns on radially growing domains: experiments and simulations (2019)

We study Turing pattern formation in a system undergoing radial growth in two dimensions. The photosensitive chlorine dioxide-iodine-malonic acid reaction is illuminated to inhibit patterning, with a growing non-illuminated circular domain in which the pattern develops. We examine the relationship between the linear radial growth rate and the resulting pattern morphology. Faster growth causes the pattern to form parallel to the growing boundary as concentric rings, while slower growth leads to pattern formation perpendicular to the growing boundary. We observe three distinct growth modes for the Turing patterns, which also depend on the radial growth rate. The experimental results are qualitatively reproduced in numerical simulations using the Lengyel-Epstein model with an additional term to account for the photosensitivity of the reaction. These results may provide new insight into how patterns form in growing biological systems.
Novel voltage source converter based HVDC transmission system for offshore wind farms (2005)

Offshore wind farms have recently emerged as promising renewable energy sources. For increasing distances between offshore generation and onshore distribution grid, HVDC transmission systems based on voltage source converters can be a feasible and competitive solution. This thesis presents a comprehensive evaluation of a novel integrated wind farm topology that includes the generator drive system, the turbine interconnection and the HVDC transmission. In the proposed concept, every wind turbine is connected to a single-phase medium-frequency collection grid via a distribution transformer and a cycloconverter, which allows the wind turbines to operate at variable speed. The collection grid is connected to an HVDC cable via a transmission transformer and a single-phase voltage source converter. This thesis evaluates in detail the principle of operation, which is also verified with system simulations in PSCAD. The proposed concept promises several potential benefits. Converter switching losses and stress on the semiconductors for example can be considerably reduced by applying a soft-switched commutation scheme in all points of operation. Single-phase medium-frequency transformers have comparably low losses and their compact size and low weight implies an important benefit in an offshore environment. In addition, the voltage source converter is considerably simplified by the reduction to one phase leg, which implies a substantial cost saving. Several technical challenges are identified and critically evaluated in order to guarantee the feasibility of the proposed concept. Especially the design of the medium-frequency collection grid is crucial as unwanted system resonances can cause dangerous overvoltages. Most of the technical challenges concern the specific characteristics of the proposed concept. The insulation of the single-phase medium-frequency transformers for example needs to withstand the high voltage derivatives. This thesis contains also considerations regarding the dimensioning and optimization of different system components. A survey of different transmission systems for the grid connection of wind farms shows the potential of the proposed concept, which addresses several problems associated with electrical systems of wind farms. Both the requirements for variable-speed operation of the wind turbines and an interface for HVDC transmission are fulfilled in a cost-effective way. Compared to conventional voltage source converter based HVDC transmission systems, the initial costs are reduced and the expected annual energy production is increased. In addition, the proposed voltage source converter based HVDC transmission system can fully comply with recent requirements regarding the grid connection of wind farms.
Characterization of baculovirus-expressed human .alpha. and .beta. platelet-derived growth factor receptors (1992)

In an effort to biochemically characterize PDGF receptors and their mechanism of activation, recombinant baculovirus vectors containing the cDNAs of the human alpha PDGF receptor or beta PDGF receptor were engineered. Characterization of recombinant PDGF receptor expression in infected Sf9 insect cells by immunoblot analysis with specific PDGF receptor peptide antisera revealed that the alpha and beta PDGF receptor gene products were translated as 160- and 165-kDa transmembrane proteins, respectively. Ligand binding analysis demonstrated saturable, high-affinity binding of either 125I-labeled PDGF AA or 125I-labeled PDGF BB to Sf9 cells expressing the recombinant alpha PDGF receptor. In contrast, recombinant beta PDGF receptor expressing Sf9 cells showed high-affinity binding only for PDGF BB. Analysis of the kinetics of PDGF receptor expression demonstrated that receptor number increased dramatically from 24- to 48-h postinfection. Early in infection, the PDGF receptors were present in low numbers, lacked tyrosine phosphorylation, and exhibited ligand-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. However, with increasing time postinfection and increasing receptor number, the PDGF receptors became constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated in serum-free culture medium. Cross-linking studies revealed that receptor activation involved ligand-independent receptor dimer formation at high receptor number. Thus, these results strongly suggest that PDGF stabilizes and increases the frequency of PDGF receptor interaction, which ultimately results in PDGF receptor activation and intracellular signaling.
Effect of Pioglitazone on Abdominal Fat Distribution and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2002)

We examined the effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution to elucidate the mechanisms via which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirteen type 2 diabetic patients (nine men and four women; age, 52 +/- 3 yr; body mass index, 29.0 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)), who were being treated with a stable dose of sulfonylurea (n = 7) or with diet alone (n = 6), received pioglitazone (45 mg/d) for 16 wk. Before and after pioglitazone treatment, subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and two-step euglycemic insulin clamp (insulin infusion rates, 40 and 160 mU/m(2).min) with [(3)H]glucose. Abdominal fat distribution was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging at L4-5. After 16 wk of pioglitazone treatment, fasting plasma glucose (179 +/- 10 to 140 +/- 10 mg/dl; P < 0.01), mean plasma glucose during OGTT (295 +/- 13 to 233 +/- 14 mg/dl; P < 0.01), and hemoglobin A(1c) (8.6 +/- 0.4% to 7.2 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.01) decreased without a change in fasting or post-OGTT insulin levels. Fasting plasma FFA (674 +/- 38 to 569 +/- 31 microEq/liter; P < 0.05) and mean plasma FFA (539 +/- 20 to 396 +/- 29 microEq/liter; P < 0.01) during OGTT decreased after pioglitazone. In the postabsorptive state, hepatic insulin resistance [basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) x basal plasma insulin concentration] decreased from 41 +/- 7 to 25 +/- 3 mg/kg fat-free mass (FFM).min x microU/ml; P < 0.05) and suppression of EGP during the first insulin clamp step (1.1 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 mg/kg FFM.min; P < 0.05) improved after pioglitazone treatment. The total body glucose MCR during the first and second insulin clamp steps increased after pioglitazone treatment [first MCR, 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 4.4 +/- 0.4 ml/kg FFM.min (P < 0.05); second MCR, 8.7 +/- 1.0 to 11.3 +/- 1.1 ml/kg FFM(.)min (P < 0.01)]. The improvement in hepatic and peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity occurred despite increases in body weight (82 +/- 4 to 85 +/- 4 kg; P < 0.05) and fat mass (27 +/- 2 to 30 +/- 3 kg; P < 0.05). After pioglitazone treatment, sc fat area at L4-5 (301 +/- 44 to 342 +/- 44 cm(2); P < 0.01) increased, whereas visceral fat area at L4-5 (144 +/- 13 to 131 +/- 16 cm(2); P < 0.05) and the ratio of visceral to sc fat (0.59 +/- 0.08 to 0.44 +/- 0.06; P < 0.01) decreased. In the postabsorptive state hepatic insulin resistance (basal EGP x basal immunoreactive insulin) correlated positively with visceral fat area (r = 0.55; P < 0.01). The glucose MCRs during the first (r = -0.45; P < 0.05) and second (r = -0.44; P < 0.05) insulin clamp steps were negatively correlated with the visceral fat area. These results demonstrate that a shift of fat distribution from visceral to sc adipose depots after pioglitazone treatment is associated with improvements in hepatic and peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.
Gene Expression for Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Is Reduced Without Loss of Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex of Schizophrenics (1995)

The prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics shows reduced expression for GAD in the absence of significant cell loss. This may be brought about by an activity-dependent down-regulation associated with the functional hypoactivity of the DLPFC. The lack of significant alterations in cell numbers in the DLPFC and frontal lobe volume in schizophrenics also implies that overall cortical neuronal migration had not been compromised in development. Previous reports of altered neuronal distribution in the subcortical white matter of schizophrenic brains in comparison with that of controls may indicate disturbances of migration or programmed cell death in the cortical subplate, leading to altered connection formation in the overlying cortex of schizophrenics and activity-dependent down-regulation of neurotransmitter-related gene expression.
Catalysis in Environmental Protection (2008)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction How Novel is Environmental Catalysis? Environmental Catalysis: Potential and Opportunities Catalysis for Environmentally Benign Products and Processes Products and Environmental Concern Processes and Environmental Compatibility Catalysis for Environmental Protection: Future Prospects
Macular Pigment and Visual Performance Under Glare Conditions (2008)

Purpose. Many parameters of visual performance (e.g., contrast sensitivity) are compromised under glaring light conditions. Recent data indicate that macular pigment (MP) is strongly related to improvements in glare disability and photostress recovery based on a filtering mechanism. In this study, we assessed the causality of this relation by supplementing lutein and zeaxanthin for 6 months while measuring MP, glare disability, and photostress recovery. Methods. Forty healthy subjects (mean age = 23.9) participated in the study. Subjects were followed for 6 months and assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months. Spatial density profiles of MP were measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Disability glare was measured using a 1 degree-diameter circular grating surrounded by a broadband glare source (a xenon-white annulus). The intensity of the annulus (11 degree inner and 12 degree outer diameters) was adjusted by the subject until the grating target was no longer seen. For the photostress recovery experiment, the time required to detect a 1 degree-diameter grating stimulus after a 5-s exposure to a 2.5 μW/cm2, 5 degree-diameter disk was recorded. Subjects were tested under central viewing and eccentric viewing (10 degree temporal retina) conditions. Results. At the baseline time point, MP optical density (OD) at 30′ eccentricity ranged from 0.08 to 1.04, and was strongly correlated with improved visual performance in the two glare tasks. After 6 months of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) supplementation, average MPOD (at 30′ eccentricity) had increased from 0.41 to 0.57, and was shown to significantly reduce the deleterious effects of glare for both the visual performance tasks assessed. Conclusions. MP is strongly related to improvements in glare disability and photostress recovery in a manner strongly consistent with its spectral absorption and spatial profile. Four to 6 months of 12 mg daily L + Z supplementation significantly increases MPOD and improves visual performance in glare for most subjects.
Study of cryostructuring of polymer systems. XIX. On the nature of intermolecular links in the cryogels of locust bean gum (2000)

In this study of freeze–thaw-induced gelation of aqueous locust bean gum (LBG) solutions we found that gel formation proceeded through at least two kinetic stages. Initially, rather weak spongy cryostructurates were formed as a result of freezing the system, but their strength and thermostability (fusion temperature) could be increased considerably by means of thawing out the system sufficiently slowly. Preparation of LBG cryogels in the presence of chaotropic (urea) and anti-chaotropic (sodium sulfate) substances showed that the major mechanism responsible for stabilization of junction zones in these gel materials was hydrogen bonding. Therefore, use of the agents facilitating formation of hydrogen bonds enabled the gelation of LBG solutions without the need for synergistic polymers or cryogenic treatments. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Reply to comment on ‘Perfect imaging without negative refraction’ (2010)

I reply to the comment on my paper made by Blaikie 2010 New J. Phys. 12 058001.
The Administration of Criminal Justice in Canada (1952)

Director of Public Prosecutions for the Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada.He has been associated with the Department of the Attorney General for twenty-five years and during that time has been actively engaged in prosecution at trial and in the Court of Appeal on many important criminal cases in the Dominion of Canada.He is considered an outstanding authority on the administration of criminal law in the Dominion of Canada and has lectured on specialized related subjects and contributed several articles to legal journals.Mr. Common is a graduate of the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School in the year 1923.For the past twelve years his activities have been confined exclusively to appellate work.-
Magnetic nanoparticles for selective heating of magnetically labelled cells in culture: preliminary investigation (2004)

The minimally invasive elimination of tumours using heating as a therapeutic agent is an emerging technology in medical applications. Particularly, the intratumoural application of magnetic nanoparticles as potential heating sources when exposed to an alternating magnetic field has been demonstrated. The present work deals with the estimation of the basic relationships when the magnetic material has access and binds to structures on cell membranes of target cells at the tumour region, particularly as a consequence of administration through tumour supplying vessels. Therefore, using mouse endothelial cells in culture, the binding of dextran coated magnetic nanoparticles (mean hydrodynamic particle diameter 65 nm) was modelled using the periodate method. The efficacy of cell labelling was demonstrated by magnetorelaxometry (MRX)—a selective method for the detection of only those magnetic nanoparticles that were immobilized—as well as by electron microscopy and iron staining. The amount of iron immobilized on cells was found to be 153 ± 56 µg Fe per 1 × 107 cells as determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, after exposure of those 1 × 107 labelled cells to an alternating magnetic field (frequency 410 kHz, amplitude 11 kA m−1) for 5 min, temperature increases of 2 °C were achieved. The consequences of particle immobilization are reflected by the results of the measurements related to the specific heating power (SHP) of the magnetic material. Basically, the heating potential is explained by the superposition of Brown and Neel relaxation while for immobilized nanoparticles the Brown contribution is absent. In the long term the data could open the door to targeted magnetic heating after further optimization of the heating potential of magnetic material as well as after functionalization with biomolecules which recognize specific structures on the surface of cells at the target region.
Association strategies in substance abuse (1994)

Classical genetic studies now provide fairly strong support to the idea that polygenic influences contribute to interindividual differences in vulnerability to drug abuse and dependence. Molecular genetic association studies have identified the D2 dopamine receptor gene as a candidate to contribute some of this genetic influence, although several cautions in utilizing association approaches must be recognized in interpreting their data. Clinical features of drug abuse that make association studies likely to play increasingly large roles in elucidating its underlying molecular genetics are discussed.
Studies on Chemotherapeutics. XXXII (1953)

Growth inhibitory action in vitro of 27 kinds of compounds was tested against H2 strain of human tubercle bacilli. Some effects were found in the condensation products of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and aromatic aldehydes, 2-hydrazino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine, 2-hydrazino-4-methylpyrimidine, and Girard P reagent.
Exploratory Map Animation for Post-Event Analysis of Wildfire Protective Action Recommendations (2006)

This paper examines the timing of protective action recommendations in relationship to the distance of wildfire to a threatened community using exploratory map animation. The 2003 Southern California Wildfires were animated to assist in understanding the complex interaction between fire progression and warnings to threatened communities. Exploratory map animation provides a useful post-event analysis platform for hypothesis generation. A new method is introduced for interpolating the distance from a wildfire to a threatened community using geospatial data. The results are used to examine incident commander decision-making in regards to the estimated time of arrival of a wildfire at a community. The exploratory map animations were successful in generating an intriguing hypothesis concerning the timing of protective action recommendations and the proportional distance of a wildfire to a threatened community. Following a wildfire, emergency responders can use exploratory map animation as a training tool to evaluate protective action recommendations of wildfires.