gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respirator cartridge efficiency studies: VII. effect of relative humidity and temperature (1976)

Cartridge service life is not appreciably affected at relative humidities below 50%. However, performance is severely compromised when the humidity exceeds 65%. Experimental values are compared from those calculated from the adsorption isotherm, Mecklenburg and modified Wheeler equations. Calculations indicate that temperature does not play a significant role in service life predictions.
A Decision Support System for Evaluating Catchment Policies (1989)

Decision Support Systems (DSSs) are a class of computer program designed for the typically unstructured problems encountered by senior managers. Computers have traditionally been applied to highly structured, procedural problems. Few attempts to develop DSSs in the water industry have been reported to date. This paper describes the design and early development of a DSS for analysing catchment management policies. The South Australian state government is presently reviewing policies governing land use development and management in the Mt. Lofty Ranges. Part of the Ranges constitute the major water catchment for Adelaide and one of the prime objectives of the review is to ensure improvements in this urban supply. The CSIRO Division of Water Resources has been funded under the AWRAC Partnership Scheme to develop a DSS to relate proposed land use and management policies to effects upon selected water quality determinants. In order to answer queries posed by policy makers it will, like all DSSs, draw upon procedural (generally scientifically based) models where possible, knowledge bases where procedural models are not available and data bases. The project has commenced only recently. At the time of writing, the design of the prototype system had been completed and programming had commenced. The prototype will be completed by March 1989 and a fuller description of its performance will be given at the conference.
White-Light Interferometric Thickness Gauge (1972)

A white-light interferometric thickness gauge has been developed that provides microinch sensitivity to gauge variations in moving transparent films. The new gauge that is suitable for on-line use can be adapted to monitor continuously the thickness profile of transparent films, the thickness of transparent coatings, and the birefringence of optically anisotropic materials. Its performance is relatively insensitive to variations in chemical composition, film temperature, haze level, and measurement geometry.
DNA unwinding and inhibition of mouse leukemia L1210 DNA topoisomerase I by intercalators (1987)

The DNA unwinding effects of some 9-aminoacridine derivatives were compared under reaction conditions that could be used to study drug-induced topoisomerase II inhibition. An assay was designed to determine drug-induced DNA unwinding by using L1210 topoisomerase I. 9-aminoacridines could be ranked by decreasing unwinding potency: compound C greater than or equal to 9-aminoacridine greater than o-AMSA greater than or equal to compound A greater than compound B greater than m-AMSA. Ethidium bromide was more potent than any of the 9-aminoacridines. This assay is a fast and simple method to compare DNA unwinding effects of intercalators. It led to the definition of a drug intrinsic unwinding constant (k). An additional finding was that all 9-aminoacridines and ethidium bromide inhibited L1210 topoisomerase I. Enzyme inhibition was detectable at low enzyme concentrations (less than or equal to 1 unit) and when the kinetics of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA relaxation was studied. Topoisomerase I inhibition was not associated with DNA swivelling or cleavage.
Phosphorus at High Temperatures and Pressures (1937)

A detailed study of the transformations of the element phosphorus has been carried out at high hydrostatic pressures and at elevated temperatures. This has resulted in the discovery of a new modification of phosphorus, which is noncrystalline in structure and black in color. Its properties have been investigated to a certain extent. Some new calorimetric data are described which shed light on the question of the relative thermodynamic stabilities of this and the other forms of phosphorus.
Pulse Electrothermal De-Icing (2003)

This paper presents a theoretical background, experimental results, and some applications of a new active de-icing technique: a Pulse Electro Thermal Method. The method is capable of cleaning ice from any metal or dielectric surface in less than a second. When optimized, a pulse deicer requires just 1% of energy conventionally used in thermal deicing.
Planar Endfire Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Combined Magnetic Dipoles (2015)

A novel planar circularly polarized antenna with endfire radiation beam in parallel with the antenna substrate's plane is proposed. The operation principle of the antenna is analyzed and design guidelines are laid down. Then, an optimized loop-aperture combined antenna is designed and demonstrated to exhibit an endfire beam in parallel with its plane within 5.74-5.88 GHz for |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | lower than -10 dB and axial ratio smaller than 3 dB. The proposed antenna can be used as a low-profile, cost-effective, hand-held reader antenna for radio frequency identification systems .
Recent Progress in Machine Learning-Based Methods for Protein Fold Recognition (2016)

Knowledge on protein folding has a profound impact on understanding the heterogeneity and molecular function of proteins, further facilitating drug design. Predicting the 3D structure (fold) of a protein is a key problem in molecular biology. Determination of the fold of a protein mainly relies on molecular experimental methods. With the development of next-generation sequencing techniques, the discovery of new protein sequences has been rapidly increasing. With such a great number of proteins, the use of experimental techniques to determine protein folding is extremely difficult because these techniques are time consuming and expensive. Thus, developing computational prediction methods that can automatically, rapidly, and accurately classify unknown protein sequences into specific fold categories is urgently needed. Computational recognition of protein folds has been a recent research hotspot in bioinformatics and computational biology. Many computational efforts have been made, generating a variety of computational prediction methods. In this review, we conduct a comprehensive survey of recent computational methods, especially machine learning-based methods, for protein fold recognition. This review is anticipated to assist researchers in their pursuit to systematically understand the computational recognition of protein folds.
Nerve growth factor attenuates oxidant‐induced β‐amyloid neurotoxicity in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease cybrids (2010)

Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is not fully understood how this dysfunction may induce neuronal death. In this study, we show that transmitochondrial hybrid cells (cybrids) expressing mitochondrial genes from patients with sporadic AD (SAD) have substantial alterations in basal upstream tyrosine kinase signaling and downstream serine-threonine kinase signaling that are mediated by intracellular free radicals. This is associated with reduced tropomyocin receptor kinase (TrkA) and p75 neurotrophin receptor receptor expression that profoundly alters nerve growth factor signaling, increases generation of Aβ and decreases viability. Many of these observed effects in SAD cybrids would be predicted to increase risk of premature neuronal death and reduce resistance to stressors and add further support for the pathogenic role of mtDNA expression in the pathogenesis of SAD.
Assessment of algorithms for oscillometric blood pressure measurement (2009)

Three different algorithms for finding blood pressure through the oscillometric method were researched and assessed. It is shown that these algorithms are based on two different underlying approaches. The estimated values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are compared against the nurse readings. The best two approaches turned out to be the linear approximation algorithm and the points of rapidly increasing/decreasing slope algorithm. Future work on combining these two algorithms using algorithm fusion is envisaged.
Three-dimensional visualization simulation assessment system based on multi-source data fusion for the Wenchuan earthquake (2009)

We have developed a visual three-dimensional simulation and assessment system of the Wenchuan earthquake zone using the Digital Earth concept and highly efficient spatial information visualization technology. Our goal is to provide a foundation for earthquake disaster relief and reconstruction. A number of major collapses, landslides, mud-rock flows and other geological disasters are analysed in the system, and the system can be used to monitor and analyse earthquake relief, rescue and insurance to provide first-hand source material for disaster situation assessment. Multi-sensor, multi-temporal, multi-resolution remote sensing data and multi-scale DEM data are integrated into this system, and produce a sequence of comprehensive resolution datasets. We present management methods for a dynamic multi-resolution terrain model and multi-level scene. These methods are based on the model division, delaminating algorithm, and make use of high-speed buffering mechanisms to achieve a multi-level large-scale real-time rendering of scenes in the disaster areas, which also effectively reduces the rendering delay, and achieves smooth, seamless roaming at different model levels.
Observations of rapid changes in the orientation and degree of alignment of ice particles along an Earth‐space radio propagation path (1979)

Rapid changes (<¼s) have been observed in the depolarization of earth‐space radio signals propagating through ice clouds. This paper presents the first observations of the rapid changes in the degree of alignment and in the orientation of the anisotropy axis of the ice particles producing the depolarization. The ice particles appear to be aligned by the intense electric field in thunderstorms and appear to realign rapidly with the new field directions existing after lightning discharges.
Benzyl Alcohol and Titanium TetrachlorideA Versatile Reaction System for the Nonaqueous and Low-Temperature Preparation of Crystalline and Luminescent Titania Nanoparticles (2002)

The reaction between TiCl4 and benzyl alcohol is a simple and nonaqueous procedure for the synthesis of highly crystalline titania nanoparticles at temperatures as low as 40 °C. XRD measurements prove the exclusive presence of the anatase phase. The particle growth depends strongly on temperature so that with the appropriate thermal conditions the particle size can be selectively adjusted in the range of 4−8 nm. Fine-tuning of the particle size is possible by a proper choice of the relative amounts of benzyl alcohol and titanium tetrachloride. Lowering the titanium tetrachloride concentration leads to a considerable decrease of particle size. BET measurements show particularly high surface areas, up to 345 m2/g for the smallest particles and 115 m2/g for the calcined material. TEM investigations reveal that the nanoparticles are nearly uniform in size and shape. The as-synthesized particles display only minor agglomeration, whereas the calcined material consists of completely nonagglomerated particles, with diameters ranging from 13 to 20 nm. The smallest particles are soluble in a THF/trioctylphosphine mixture that luminesces (425 nm) upon UV irradiation.
An architecture for practical delegation in a distributed system (1990)

A practical technique for delegation is described. It provides both cryptographic assurance that a delegation was authorized and authentication of the delegated systems, thereby allowing reliable access control as well as precise auditing of the systems involved in every access. It goes further than other approaches for delegation in that it also provides termination of a delegation on demand (as when the user logs out) with the assurance that the delegated systems, if subsequently compromised, cannot continue to act on the user's behalf. Delegation and revocation are provided by a simple mechanism that does not rely on online trusted servers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-chip single package 32 bit floating point digital signal processor with built-in 64 K-byte SRAM cache memory (2003)

A 32-bit floating-point signal processor IC is integrated with eight 16 K*4-bit SRAM (static random-access memory) chips on a silicon substrate, thus minimizing the parasitic loading of the process buffer and allowing zero-wait-state access to the full 64 Kbyte of memory. The module is rated at 25 MHz up to 125 degrees C and 70 MHz at liquid nitrogen temperature. The assembly is packaged in a standard 133-pin pin-grid-array (PGA) ceramic package identical in size and footprint to the package used for the signal processor IC alone. This packaging approach has significant potential for improving system performance and reducing cost. The signal processing module was designed to demonstrate these improvements. The electrical analysis and design criteria, the physical package, and testing strategies are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast heuristics for multi-path selection for multiple description encoded video streaming (2003)

In a previous work [A. C. Begen, et al., 2003], we proposed an optimal multi-path selection method for multiple description (MD) encoded video streaming. To do so, we first modelled multi-path streaming and then developed an expression, i.e., an objective (cost) function, that estimated average streaming distortion in terms of network statistics, media characteristics and application requirements. Naturally, the ultimate goal was to find the set of paths that minimized this cost function. However, finding such sets of paths turned out to be intractable in large topologies. Hence, in this paper, we provide a fast heuristics-based solution by exploiting the infrastructure features of the Internet. The simulations run over various random Internet topologies show that the proposed heuristic is able to find a good solution in a much shorter time than the brute-force approach. Particularly, this heuristic is best suited to such interactive multimedia applications as video-conferencing and VoIP, where multi-path computation is a time-critical process. In addition, it is also suitable for the clients whose processing power capabilities are limited.
Multiple-banked register file architectures (2000)

The register file access time is one of the critical delays in current superscalar processors. Its impact on processor performance is likely to increase in future processor generations, as they are expected to increase the issue width (which implies more register ports) and the size of the instruction window (which implies more registers), and to use some kind of multithreading. Under this scenario, the register file access time could be a dominant delay and a pipelined implementation would be desirable to allow for high clock rates.
Specialist support teams: influencing the nursing care of older people (2004)

William Anderson explains how the successful development of a specialist support team helped improve the nursing care given to older people in care homes
The Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor: Biology, Function, and Clinical Application (1990)

Studies have suggested that sIL-2R levels offer a rapid, reliable, and noninvasive measure of disease activity, response to therapy, and, in some cases, prognosis in a broad spectrum of conditions associated with T- or B-cell immune activation.
ShiftDetector: detection of shift mutations (2002)

ShiftDetector is available from http://cowry.agri.huji.ac.il
Nucleosides. 123. Synthesis of antiviral nucleosides: 5-substituted 1-(2-deoxy-2-halogeno-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosines and -uracils. Some structure-activity relationships (1983)

The syntheses of several 2'-halogeno-5-substituted-arabinofuranosylcytosines and -uracils are described, and relationships of structure to anti herpes virus activity in vitro were examined. Those arabinonucleosides containing the 2'-fluoro function exhibit, generally, more potent anti herpes virus (HSV) activity than do their 2'-chloro of 2'-bromo analogues. The importance of the fluorine in the 2'-"up" (arabino) configuration for enhancement of antiviral effectiveness is demonstrated by the superior activity of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-ara-C [3a, FIAC] to that of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-ribo-C. Of all the nucleosides tested herein, FIAC exhibited the most potent in vitro activity against HSV. 2'-Chloro-5-iodo- and -5-methyl-ara-C (3b and 4b) were 37 to greater than 500 times more effective in vitro against HSV type 2 than against type 1, suggesting that these latter derivatives might serve clinically as useful probes to distinguish between HSV types 1 and 2 in the diagnosis of HSV infections in man.
A selected-area CVD method for deposition of sensing films on monolithically integrated gas detectors (1995)

A novel method for deposition of thin transducing films on geometrically well-defined areas is reported. The films represent the front-end of monolithically integrated microelectronic gas detectors. These devices contain a 1 μm thick dielectric window equipped with four-point probe electrodes and a boron-diffused silicon heater underneath the window. The central region of the window can be instantaneously switched from room temperature to several hundred /spl deg/C while maintaining excellent thermal uniformity within a 350×350 μm area. Thermally activated CVD of Pt is realized on the heated region by raising the temperature of the central region into the regime of thermal decomposition of Pt precursors such as Pt(PF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . The growth of thin Pt films is monitored in situ by measuring film resistance, and film growth is terminated once desired film resistance values are reached by cutting off the heater current. This allows to optimize film properties for gas sensing applications. The deposited films are characterized ex situ by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to correlate film morphology with resistance. This method can be easily extended to deposition of other films of interest such as TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> .
<i>Special Section: The Possible Misrepresentation of Data in the</i> AIHA Journal (1995)

" Special Section: The Possible Misrepresentation of Data in the AIHA Journal." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 56(8), pp. 815–816
Distance makes the types grow stronger (2010)

We want assurances that sensitive information will not be disclosed when aggregate data derived from a database is published. Differential privacy offers a strong statistical guarantee that the effect of the presence of any individual in a database will be negligible, even when an adversary has auxiliary knowledge. Much of the prior work in this area consists of proving algorithms to be differentially private one at a time; we propose to streamline this process with a functional language whose type system automatically guarantees differential privacy, allowing the programmer to write complex privacy-safe query programs in a flexible and compositional way.
3D Integration-Present and Future (2008)

Demand for high speed, high density, small size, and multifunctional electronic devices has driven the development of 3D integration. Both die-to-die-stack and package-on-package 3D integration are in mass production. However, through silicon via (TSV) 3D integration is the future direction. Materials and processes for TSV 3D interconnection are reviewed in this paper. Those include processes for via drilling process, via liner (insulating) material, and via filling material. The materials for thin wafer support, mechanical, and electrical interconnection for TSV devices are also discussed.
Introduction (2017)

This first section of the Handbook on Mimetic Theory and Religion addresses the question of the violence of our origins according to mimetic theory: the origin of religion, the origin of culture, and the origin of humankind. Mimetic theory argues that religion, or more precisely that the social process—the scapegoat mechanism—that is at the origin of religion, is also at the origin of culture and that it was this that began the process of hominization leading to modern homo sapiens sapiens.
Experimental Investigation and Discrete Element Modelling of Composite Hollow Spheres Subjected to Dynamic Fracture (2017)

This paper deals with the characterization and the numerical modelling of the collapse of composite hollow spherical structures developed to absorb energy during high velocity impacts. The structure is composed of hollow spheres (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn><mml:mtext>–</mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">30</mml:mn></mml:math> mm) made of epoxy resin and mineral powder. First of all, quasi-static and dynamic (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">5</mml:mn></mml:math> mm·min −1 to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn></mml:math> m·s −1 ) compression tests are conducted at room temperature on a single sphere to study energy dissipation mechanisms. Fracture of the material appears to be predominant. A numerical model based on the discrete element method is investigated to simulate the single sphere crushing. The stress-strain-time relationship of the material based on the Ree-Eyring law is numerically implemented. The DEM modelling takes naturally into account the dynamic fracture and the crack path computed is close to the one observed experimentally in uniaxial compression. Eventually, high velocity impacts (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">100</mml:mn></mml:math> m·s −1 ) of a hollow sphere on a rigid surface are conducted with an air cannon. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data and demonstrate the ability of the present model to correctly describe the mechanical behavior of brittle materials at high strain rate.
Mesh architecture for hardware implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization (2007)

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary computation method which has successfully been used in many engineering optimization problems. The major obstacle limiting the use of PSO in real-time applications is its long execution time. Hardware implementation of evolutionary algorithms has been employed to alleviate the high computational cost of complex optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a parallel scalable architecture which is well-suited for hardware implementation of PSO. The architecture is composed of a number of Processing Elements (PE) performing the algorithm computations that are connected to other PEs through communication channels. PEs are arranged based on the mesh architecture which provides either scalability or performance to execute computational intensive applications. Two communication methods are proposed based on the architecture which enable the system to solve different kinds of problems.