gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes (2007)

Most of the thousands of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) can be divided into two groups, red and white, based on the presence or absence of anthocyanin in the berry skin, which has been found from genetic experiments to be controlled by a single locus. A regulatory gene, VvMYBA1, which could activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in a transient assay, was recently shown not to be transcribed in white berries due to the presence of a retrotransposon in the promoter. We have found that the berry colour locus comprises two very similar genes, VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2, located on a single bacterial artificial chromosome. Either gene can regulate colour in the grape berry. The white berry allele of VvMYBA2 is inactivated by two non-conservative mutations, one leads to an amino acid substitution and the other to a frame shift resulting in a smaller protein. Transient assays showed that either mutation removed the ability of the regulator to switch on anthocyanin biosynthesis. VvMYBA2 sequence analyses, together with marker information, confirmed that 55 white cultivars all contain the white berry allele, but not red berry alleles. These results suggest that all extant white cultivars of grape vines have a common origin. We conclude that rare mutational events occurring in two adjacent genes were essential for the genesis of the white grapes used to produce the white wines and white table grapes we enjoy today.
Effect of the Quadrature Component in Single Sideband Transmission (1940)

A PREVIOUS article <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> gives an analysis of single sideband transmission. Since that article was written this subject, particularly in its application to picture transmission and television, has assumed considerable importance. For this reason it now seems desirable to amplify the previous theoretical treatment and to indicate certain experimental results which have been obtained in the meantime. The present article gives experimental evidence that, for a given bandwidth, single sideband transmission is distinctly superior to double sideband in picture transmission. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> It also gives a theoretical discussion which indicates that this is not inconsistent with the observed fact that oscillograms with single sideband transmission show considerable distortion.
Tumor eradication by immunotherapy with biodegradable PLGA microspheres—an alternative to incomplete Freund's adjuvant (2011)

In experimental tumor immunotherapy, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) has been considered as the "gold standard" for T-cell vaccination in mice and humans in spite of its considerable adverse effects. Recently, we succeeded in eliciting strong CTL responses in mice after vaccination with biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS). In our study, we compared the immune response to IFA and PLGA-MS containing ovalbumin (OVA) and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (MS-OVA/CpG) or we used a mixture of MS-OVA/CpG and MS-polyI:C. A single vaccination with MS-OVA/CpG elicited long-lasting titers of IgG1 and IgG2a, but only low IgE titers, and also the T-cell response was biased toward Th(1) differentiation. Antigen presentation to CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells and activation of a cytotoxic T-cell response in mice vaccinated with PLGA-MS and IFA lasted for over 3 weeks. Preconditioning of the injection site with TNF-α and heterologous prime-boost regimen further enhanced the cytotoxic response. PLGA-MS were as efficient or superior to IFA in eradication of preexisting tumors and suppression of lung metastases. Taken together, PLGA-MS are well-defined, biodegradable and clinically compatible antigen carrier systems that compare favorably with IFA in their efficacy of tumor immunotherapy in mouse models and hence deserve to be tested for their effectiveness against human malignant diseases.
Identification of the cell surface and nuclear receptors for NGF in a breast carcinoma cell line (1993)

125I-nerve growth factor (NGF) was found to be internalized and translocated to the nucleus of SKBr5 breast carcinoma cells. The cytoplasm and chromatin isolated from nonmitotic cells accumulated two- and five-fold, respectively, more of 125I-NGF than the cells undergoing mitosis. MAb 20.4 developed against the NGF cell surface receptor immunoprecipitated the 80,000 M(r) receptor from plasma membrane and two protein species from the chromatin; 90,000 M(r) (major band) and 200,000 M(r) (minor band). In SKBr5 cells, binding of NGF to the chromatin did not affect synthesis of rRNA. Proliferation of SKBr5 cells was slightly stimulated by NGF. In control melanoma A875 cells, which express the 230,000 M(r) chromatin receptor, NGF inhibited both rRNA synthesis and cell proliferation. We suggest that the 90,000 M(r) chromatin receptor expressed by SKBr5 cells represents a "nonactive," ligand-binding subunit of the high molecular weight receptor for NGF. The critical role of the chromatin receptor for NGF in rRNA-dependent cell proliferation is discussed.
One Shot (2021)

One Shot is packaged for capability and enduring quality. It consolidates tremendous heaps of particularly picked and consistently examined trimmings. Recorded here are the trimmings that make this improvement excellent.
Sauces : Classical and Contemporary Sauce Making (1991)

A Short History of Sauce Making. Equipment. Ingredients. Stocks, Glaces, and Essences. Liaisons: An Overview. White Sauces for Meat and Vegetables. Brown Sauces. Stock--Based and Nonintegral Fish Sauces. Integral Meat Sauces. Integral Fish and Shellfish Sauces. Crustacean Sauces. Jellies and Chauds--Froids. Hot Emulsified Egg--Yolk Sauces. Mayonnaise--Based Sauces. Butter Sauces. Salad Sauces, Vinaigrettes, Salsas, and Relishes. Purees and Puree--Thickened Sauces. Pasta Sauces. Asian Sauces. Dessert Sauces. Appendix. Glossary. Sources. Purveyors. Bibliography. Index.
Reconstruction of the RVOT with valved biological conduits: 25 years experience with allografts and xenografts✩ (2000)

For the reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) allografts show significantly better long-term durability than xenografts regardless of the age at implantation and the diameter.
A Novel and Selective β-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Derived Peptide Agonist for Melanocortin 4 Receptor Potently Decreased Food Intake and Body Weight Gain in Diet-Induced Obese Rats (2005)

alphaMSH has generally been accepted as the endogenous ligand for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which plays a major role in energy homeostasis. Targeting MC4R to develop antiobesity agents, many investigators have performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies based on alphaMSH structure. In this report, we performed a SAR study using human betaMSH (5 - 22) (DEGPYRMEHFRWGSPPKD, peptide 1) as a lead sequence to develop potent and selective agonists for MC4R and MC3R. The SAR study was begun with a truncation of N terminus of betaMSH (5 - 22) together with acetylation of the N terminus and amidation of the C terminus of the peptide. Introduction of a cyclic disulfide constrain and replacement of L-Phe with D-Phe afforded a super potent agonist (peptide 5). Furthermore truncation at the C terminus generated a small and potent MC4R and MC3R agonist (Ac-YRcyclo[CEHdFRWC]amide, peptide 6), which exhibited no MC5R and greatly reduced MC1R activity. Molecular modeling of Ac-YRcyclo[CEHdFRWC]amide (peptide 6) revealed that Arg2 in the peptide formed a salt bridge with Glu4. Subcutaneous or intracerebroventricular administration of peptide 6 in rats showed potent in vivo efficacy as evidenced by its effects in reducing energy balance, increasing fat use, and decreasing weight gain in both acute and chronic rat metabolic studies. Furthermore, the antiobesity effect by peptide 6 was manifested only in wild-type but not MC4R-deficient mice, indicating that antiobesity effects of the peptide were attributed largely through MC4R but not MC3R agonist activity of the peptide.
The mouse<i>Mel-18</i>“RING-finger” gene: genomic organization, promoter analysis and chromosomal assignment (1993)

The chromosome gene for mouse Mel-18 (mMel-18) protein has been isolated and characterized. The entire mMel-18 gene is composed of thirteen exons spanning about 15 kilobases, in which the protein is encoded by exons 5-13. The "RING-finger" motif of Mel-18 protein that displays a significant evolutionary resemblance to other RING-finger nuclear proteins is encoded by exons 5 and 6. Exon 13 encodes a C-terminal proline/serine-rich domain that is homologous to some transactivator proteins. Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region revealed the presence of potential binding sites for transcription factors such as SP-1, NF-1, NF-kappa B and c-myc/max. At least two major cap sites and three minor cap sites were identified by S1 mapping and primer extension analysis. We propose that the mMel-18 gene is regulated by two different types of promoters, the CAAT-TATA box promoter and the GC-rich TATA-less promoter. The 2.4 kb DNA fragment of the 5'-flanking region exhibited constitutive promoter activity when transfected into L cells. By the in situ hybridization method, the mMel-18 gene was assigned to mouse chromosome 10C3.
The Metalloproteolytic Activity of the Anthrax Lethal Factor Is Substrate-inhibited (2003)

The anthrax lethal factor (LF) is a Zn2+ endopeptidase specific for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs), which are cleaved within their N termini. Here, the proteolytic activity of LF has been investigated using novel chromogenic MAPKK-derived peptide substrates, which allowed us to determine the kinetic parameters of the reaction. LF displayed maximal proteolytic activity at the pH and temperature values of the cell cytosol, which is its site of action. LF undergoes substrate inhibition, in keeping with the non-productive binding geometry of the MAPPK-2 N terminus to LF.
Aerodynamic behaviour of stretchable sports fabrics (2011)

The variable surface characteristics of sports fabrics can affect the aerodynamics of athletes. In speed sports, most sports garments are worn with reasonable stretches that alter the fabrics' surface morphology. However, no correlation between the stretches and aerodynamic parameters is reported in the open literature. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to measure the aerodynamic properties of three commercially available sports fabrics over a range of Reynolds numbers and stretch conditions. Aerodynamic parameters of each fabric under a range of applied stretches were measured experimentally. The findings indicate that the surface morphology of the fabric under tension changes significantly and also affects the aerodynamic behaviour of the fabric. Less stretched knitted fabrics can provide an aerodynamic advantage by reducing drag at higher speeds, while more stretched knitted fabrics can provide an aerodynamic advantage by reducing drag at lower speeds. As the surface roughness increases, the critical Reynolds number (Recrit ) decreases and the minimum drag coefficient (C Dmin) value increases. Using same fabric under different tensions, the aerodynamic drag can be reduced up to 40% compared to a smooth-surface fabric.
Erratum: Spin Relaxation in Quantum Hall Systems [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3324 (1999)] (2000)

In our Letter, the numerical estimate for the relaxation time in the text below Eq. ( 19) was miscalculated; the correct value reads t ϳ 10 25 sec.With the exception of this numerical value, all considerations and conclusions in the Letter remain unchanged.
Reduction of FDTD Simulation Time with Modal Methods (2006)

In order to simulate electromagnetic phenomena at high frequencies, full wave solvers such as the FDTD method must be used.An alternative to the conventional FDTD method is to compute the zero state response with convolution.Convolution results in an increased computation time with every time step.By performing eigenmodal decomposition of the inputs, a constant time for the convolution can be achieved.We show how the solution can be constructed analytically in terms of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the state transition matrix.
CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION OF PLEIOTROPIC NEGATIVE SPORULATION MUTATIONS IN <i>BACILLUS SUBTILIS</i> (1973)

Genetic analysis by PBS-1 transduction and transformation of a large group of pleiotropic negative sporulation mutants has shown that mutations of this phenotype may be located in five genetically distinct regions. The first group of mutant sites, spoA mutations, is located in the terminal region of the chromosome and linked to the lys-1 marker by PBS-1 transduction. The second group, spoB mutations, is located between phe-1 and the attachment site for the lysogenic bacteriophage varphi 105. Fine structure analysis of the mutant sites within the spoB locus has been accomplished. A third location for mutants of this phenotype, spoE mutants, was found between the metC3 and ura-1 markers. Two mutants were found at this site and both were capable of sporulation, in contrast to the rest of the pleiotropic sporulation mutants. A fourth chromosomal site, spoH mutations, was found near the ribosomal and RNA polymerase loci. A large group of mutant sites, spoF mutations, was found to be linked to each other by recombination index analysis in transformation but unlinked to any of the known auxotrophic mutations comprising the chromosomal map. All mutants analyzed showing a pleiotropic negative phenotype were found to map within one of these five regions. Interspecific transformation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as donor has shown that all of the pleiotropic negative sporulation mutations are conserved relative to a selected group of auxotrophic markers. The degree of conservation in decreasing order is: spoH > spoF = spoB > spoA.
Reinforcement Learning for Robust and Efficient Real-World Tracking (2010)

In this paper we present a new approach for combining several independent trackers into one robust real-time tracker. Unlike previous work that employ multiple tracking objectives used in unison, our tracker manages to determine an optimal sequence of individual trackers given the characteristics present in the video and the desire to achieve maximally efficient tracking. This allows for the selection of fast less-robust trackers when little movement is sensed, while using more robust but computationally intensive trackers in more dynamic scenes. We test this approach on the problem of real-world face tracking. Results show that this approach is a viable method for combining several independent trackers into one robust real-time tracker capable of tracking faces in varied lighting conditions, video resolutions, and with occlusions.
Supporting Database Applications as a Service (2009)

Multi-tenant data management is a form of software as a service (SaaS), whereby a third party service provider hosts databases as a service and provides its customers with seamless mechanisms to create, store and access their databases at the host site. One of the main problems in such a system, as we shall discuss in this paper, is scalability, namely the ability to serve an increasing number of tenants without too much query performance degradation. A promising way to handle the scalability issue is to consolidate tuples from different tenants into the same shared tables. However, this approach introduces two problems: 1) The shared tables are too sparse. 2)Indexing on shared tables is not effective. To resolve the problems, we propose a multi-tenant database system called M-Store, which provides storage and indexing services for multi-tenants. To improve the scalability of the system, we develop two techniques in M-Store: bitmap interpreted tuple (BIT) and multi-separated index (MSI). BIT is efficient in that it does not store NULLs from unused attributes in the shared tables and MSI provides flexibility since it only indexes each tenant's own data on frequently accessed attributes. We extended MySQL based on our proposed design and conducted extensive experiments. The experimental results show that our proposed approach is a promising multi-tenancy storage and indexing scheme which can be easily integrated into existing DBMS.
Palladium-promoted cyclization of diphenyl ether, diphenylamine, and related compounds (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-promoted cyclization of diphenyl ether, diphenylamine, and related compoundsBjorn Akermark, Lennart Eberson, Ernst Jonsson, and Egon PetterssonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 9, 1365–1367Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00897a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00897a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2098Altmetric-Citations222LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential induction of chromosomal instability by DNA strand-breaking agents. (1997)

To investigate the role of DNA strand breakage as the molecular lesion responsible for initiating genomic instability, five different strand-breaking agents, bleomycin, neocarzinostatin, hydrogen peroxide, restriction endonucleases, and ionizing radiation, were examined for their capacity to induce delayed chromosomal instability. These studies used GM10115 human-hamster hybrid cells, which contain one copy of human chromosome 4 in a background of 20-24 hamster chromosomes. Chromosomal instability was investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization to visualize chromosomal rearrangements involving the human chromosome. Rearrangements are detected multiple generations after treatment, in clonal populations derived from single progenitor cells surviving treatment of the specified DNA-damaging agents. Clastogenic and cytotoxic activities of all agents were tested by examining chromosome aberration yields in first-division metaphases and by clonogenic survival assays. Analysis of over 250 individual clones representing over 50,000 metaphases demonstrates that when compared at comparable levels of cell kill, ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and neocarzinostatin are equally effective at eliciting delayed genomic instability. These observations document, for the first time, the persistent destabilization of chromosomes following chemical treatment. In contrast, the analysis of nearly 300 clones and 60,000 metaphases, involving treatment with four different restriction endonucleases and/or hydrogen peroxide, did not show any delayed chromosomal instability. These data indicate that DNA strand breakage per se does not necessarily lead to chromosomal instability but that the complexity or quality of DNA strand breaks are important in initiating this phenotype.
Active Feature Models (2006)

In this paper active feature models are proposed. They utilize local texture features and a statistical shape model for the reliable localization of landmarks in images. They are related to active appearance models, but instead of modelling the entire texture of an object they represent image texture by means of local descriptors. The approach has advantages with complex image data like anatomical structures that exhibit high texture variation with limited relevance for the recognition of the object location. Experimental results and the comparison to AAMs on different data sets indicate that active feature models can improve search speed and result accuracy, considerably
Deep Joint Task Learning for Generic Object Extraction (2015)

This paper investigates how to extract objects-of-interest without relying on hand-craft features and sliding windows approaches, that aims to jointly solve two sub-tasks: (i) rapidly localizing salient objects from images, and (ii) accurately segmenting the objects based on the localizations. We present a general joint task learning framework, in which each task (either object localization or object segmentation) is tackled via a multi-layer convolutional neural network, and the two networks work collaboratively to boost performance. In particular, we propose to incorporate latent variables bridging the two networks in a joint optimization manner. The first network directly predicts the positions and scales of salient objects from raw images, and the latent variables adjust the object localizations to feed the second network that produces pixelwise object masks. An EM-type method is presented for the optimization, iterating with two steps: (i) by using the two networks, it estimates the latent variables by employing an MCMC-based sampling method; (ii) it optimizes the parameters of the two networks unitedly via back propagation, with the fixed latent variables. Extensive experiments suggest that our framework significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in both accuracy and efficiency (e.g. 1000 times faster than competing approaches).
Effect of Finerenone on Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT1874431.
Efficient IgM assembly and secretion require the plasma cell induced endoplasmic reticulum protein pERp1 (2009)

Plasma cells daily secrete their own mass in antibodies, which fold and assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To reach these levels, cells require pERp1, a novel lymphocyte-specific small ER-resident protein, which attains expression levels as high as BiP when B cells differentiate into plasma cells. Although pERp1 has no homology with known ER proteins, it does contain a CXXC motif typical for oxidoreductases. In steady state, the CXXC cysteines are locked by two parallel disulfide bonds with a downstream C(X)(6)C motif, and pERp1 displays only modest oxidoreductase activity. pERp1 emerged as a dedicated folding factor for IgM, associating with both heavy and light chains and promoting assembly and secretion of mature IgM.
A New Biocryptosystem-Oriented Security Analysis Framework and Implementation of Multibiometric Cryptosystems Based on Decision Level Fusion (2015)

Biometric cryptosystems provide an innovative solution for cryptographic key generation, encryption as well as biometric template protection. Besides high authentication accuracy, a good biometric cryptosystem is expected to protect biometric templates effectively, which requires that helper data does not reveal significant information about the templates. Previous works predominantly follow an appropriate entropy definition to measure the security of biometric cryptosystems. In this paper, we point out limitations of entropy-based security analysis and propose a new security analysis framework that combines information-theoretic approach with computational security. In addition, we construct a fingerprint-based multibiometric cryptosystem (MBC) using decision level fusion. Hash functions are employed in our construction to further protect each single biometric trait. The experimental results and security analysis demonstrate that the proposed MBC provides stronger security and better authentication accuracy compared with a cryptosystem based on single biometric.