gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capture power reduction using clock gating aware test generation (2009)

Scan-based manufacturing test of low power designs often exceeds the very tight functional constraints on average and instantaneous logic switching. The logic activity during the shift and launch-capture of test pattern data may lead to excessive power consumption and voltage droop. This paper focuses on the management of instantaneous power during the capture phase. By taking advantage of the existing clock gating circuitry and selectively holding the value of some scan flip-flops, switching activity during the capture cycles of a test can be reduced. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated on several industrial designs that show up to 30% (55%) reduction in instantaneous (average) capture switching.
Maternal cocaine use and genitourinary tract malformations (1988)

A specific fetal disruption syndrome associated with maternal cocaine use has not as yet been documented. In the first 23 pregnancies evaluated in our program for chemically dependent women, one infant with prune belly syndrome and one infant with hypospadias were delivered to cocaine-using women. In the present study, all infants delivered in our program received a renal ultrasound at 2-3 days of life. Fifty infants born to cocaine-using women (group I) and 30 born to polydrug, noncocaine-using women (group II) were evaluated. The two groups of women were similar for age, gravidity, and race. Mean birth weight of the infants in the two groups was similar. Seven infants in group I demonstrated genitourinary tract malformations while there were no infants with such malformations in group II. It is hypothesized that the vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine could explain the abnormalities of the genitourinary tract found in the cocaine-exposed infants.
What Distinguishes a Distinction: The Eyes of the Beholder and Beholdee (2004)

This paper reports results of a pilot case study on coursework postgraduates' perceptions of and strategies for achieving high quality performance in relation to teaching. The aim was to yield a preliminary database from which a survey questionnaire can be designed and administered to a larger population. Extending from the work by Bartlett and Fletcher (2001) the pilot case study was based on semi-structured interviews of three students. The students were asked about what they did and what they believed helped them get a distinction (D) or high distinction (HD) grade. The interview data were analysed using Leximancer Analysis for their perceptions and qualitative content analysis for their strategies. The results show that there were intrapersonal and interpersonal factors involved, which are reflected in the Leximancer analysis.
Two Cytosolic Neutrophil Oxidase Components Absent in Autosomal Chronic Granulomatous Disease (1988)

Neutrophils kill microorganisms with oxygen radicals generated by an oxidase that uses the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as substrate. This system requires both membrane and cytosolic components and is defective in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. A cytosolic complex capable of activating latent membrane oxidase was eluted from guanosine triphosphate-agarose and was used to raise polyclonal antiserum that recognized 47- and 67-kilodalton proteins. These proteins were restricted to the cytosol of myeloid cells. Both proteins were associated with NADPH oxidase-activating capacity when neutrophil cytosol was purified on nucleotide affinity matrices or molecular sizing columns. Neutrophils from patients with two different forms of autosomal chronic granulomatous disease lacked either the 47- or 67-kilodalton protein.
Pathogenesis of encephalitis induced in newborn mice by virulent and avirulent strains of Sindbis virus (1990)

Strains of Sindbis virus differ in their virulence for mice of different ages; this variation is related in large part to variations in the amino acid compositions of E1 and E2, the surface glycoproteins. The comparative pathogenesis of Sindbis virus strains which are virulent or avirulent for newborn mice has not been previously examined. We have studied the diseases caused by a virulent wild-type strain, AR339, and two less virulent laboratory strains, Toto1101 and HRSP (HR small plaque). After peripheral inoculation of 1,000 PFU, AR339 causes 100% mortality within 5 days (50% lethal dose [LD50] = 3 PFU) while Toto1101 causes 70% mortality (LD50 = 10(2.4) PFU) and HRSP causes 50 to 60% mortality (LD50 = 10(5.1) PFU) with most deaths occurring 7 to 11 days after infection. However, after intracerebral inoculation of 1,000 PFU, Toto1101 is virulent (100% mortality within 5 days; LD50 = 4 PFU) while HRSP is not (75% mortality; LD50 = 10(4.2) PFU). After intracerebral inoculation, all three strains initiate new virus formation within 4 h, but HRSP reaches a plateau of 10(6) PFU/g of brain while Toto1101 and AR339 replicate to a level of 10(8) to 10(9) PFU/g of brain within 24 h. Interferon induction parallels virus growth. Mice infected with HRSP develop persistent central nervous system infection (10(6) PFU/g of brain) until the initiation of a virus-specific immune response 7 to 8 days after infection when virus clearance begins. The distribution of virus in the brains of mice was similar, but the virus was more abundant in the case of AR339. HRSP continued to spread until day 9. Clearance from the brain was complete by day 17. We conclude that the decreased virulence of HRSP is due to an intrinsic decreased ability of this strain of Sindbis virus to grow in neural cells of the mouse. We also conclude that CD-1 mice do not respond to the antigens of Sindbis virus until approximately 1 week of age. This lack of response does not lead to tolerance and persistent infection but rather to late virus clearance whenever the immune response is initiated.
Preparation and Utilization of Chiral Dihydropyridines. Synthesis of Chiral Indoloquinolizines and Benzoquinolizines (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Utilization of Chiral Dihydropyridines. Synthesis of Chiral Indoloquinolizines and BenzoquinolizinesPierre Mangeney, Romain Gosmini, Sabine Raussou, Monique Commercon, and Alexandre AlexakisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 7, 1877–1888Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00086a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00086a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views670Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo simulation of protein folding using a lattice model (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonte Carlo simulation of protein folding using a lattice modelWilliam R. Krigbaum and Stephen F. LinCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 4, 1135–1145Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00232a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00232a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effects of vildagliptin compared with metformin on vascular endothelial function and metabolic parameters: a randomized, controlled trial (Sapporo Athero-Incretin Study 3) (2017)

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may have protective effects in the early stage of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes, although similar effects in advanced atherosclerosis were not shown in recent randomized placebo-controlled studies. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitor on endothelial function and glycemic metabolism compared with high-dose metformin. In this multicenter, open-labeled, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison study, patients with type 2 diabetes treated with low-dose metformin (500–750 mg/day) were enrolled and randomly assigned to a vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, add-on group (Vilda) or a double dose of metformin group (high Met) for 12 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and serum metabolic markers were assessed before and after treatment. In addition, glycemic control and metabolic parameters were also assessed. Ninety-seven subjects (aged 58.7 ± 11.0 years; body mass index, 25.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2; HbA1c, 7.3 ± 0.5%; FMD, 5.8 ± 2.6%) were enrolled. Eight subjects dropped out by the end of the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics. After 12 weeks, HbA1c was significantly improved in the Vilda group compared with the high Met group (− 0.80 ± 0.38% vs. − 0.40 ± 0.47%, respectively; p < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in FMD (− 0.51 [− 1.08–0.06]% vs. − 0.58 [− 1.20–0.04]%). Although the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio was significantly reduced in the Vilda group compared with baseline (0.66–0.62; p < 0.01), the change did not differ significantly between the two groups (− 0.04 vs. 0.00; p = 0.27). Adiponectin levels were significantly increased in the Vilda group compared with the high Met group (0.75 μg/mL vs. 0.01 μg/mL; p < 0.01). Regardless of glycemic improvement, combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin did not affect endothelial function but may exert favorable effects on adipokine levels and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes without advanced atherosclerosis.
Methods for comparing contact hole shrinking techniques with 248-nm single layer and bilayer photoresists (2002)

Several contact hole shrinking techniques have been discussed in the literature recently. Two notable techniques; Resolution Enhancement Lithography Assisted by Chemical Shrink (RELACSTM) and Resist Flow Process (RFP) were investigated in conjunction with several commercially available high activation energy chemically amplified materials and one bilayer material. During the course of this study the unique set of advantages along with the inconveniences associated with each technique were explored. It was not only the lithographic attributes of each technique that were of interest, but also characteristics that would effect manufacturability. To that end, experiments were designed so that standard statistical techniques could be employed at the data analysis stage. The attributes of interest were the amount and control of shrinkage, nested and isolated feature bias, process window comparisons, and line edge roughness. It will be shown how several of theses attributes are directly related to manufacturing issues such as lot-to-lot repeatability and linewidth variations across the wafer.
Sigma-delta processing in multisensor systems for carbon monoxide detection (1996)

This paper presents a circuit to measure carbon monoxide concentration. Signals from three sensors are combined using sigma-delta processing to compensate for relative humidity and interfering gases. Appropriate circuit techniques are used to reduce offset and flicker noise in MOS amplifiers.
A homologous <i>in vitro</i> system to analyze transcription of a mouse immunoglobulin μ heavy‐chain gene (1988)

In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene transcription, a cell-free system was developed in which a cloned mouse Ig mu heavy-chain gene was transcribed using nuclear extracts prepared from a mouse B cell hybridoma line. To monitor transcription, an RNA.RNA hybridization assay was developed in which a 32P-labeled, SP6-synthesized RNA probe complementary to Ig mu RNA was hybridized to unlabeled RNA transcribed in the nuclear extract. Accurate initiation of transcription, which resulted in the protection of the RNA probe from digestion with nuclease S1, was detected by the separation of the products on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, followed by autoradiography. Using this assay, an in-vitro-synthesized RNA was detected. The 5' end of the in-vitro-transcribed Ig mu RNA maps exactly to the same position as the 5' end of the corresponding in vivo mRNA and its formation was sensitive to the addition of low levels of alpha-amanitin (1 microgram/ml), indicating transcription by RNA polymerase II. It was shown by competition experiments with oligonucleotides containing the 'decamer recognition site' that this sequence interacts with (a) decamer-binding factor(s) and plays a positive role in transcription. The competition effects of the decamer-containing oligonucleotide appeared to be restricted to the decamer motif present in the promoter region. No effects of the enhancer region were detectable in vitro. Little or no transcriptional activity was found in transcription experiments using the Ig mu promoter and nuclear extracts prepared from HeLa cells. This suggests that tissue-specific factors involved in Ig mu heavy-chain gene transcription are present in the mouse B cell extracts.
Use of agro-food wastewaters for the optimisation of the denitrification process (2007)

The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of the denitrification process enhancement, in the Ciudad Real (Spain) WWTP, by dosing agro-food wastewaters generated nearby the city. The studied agro-food wastewaters were characterised by a high COD and low nutrients concentration. The denitrification rates with these wastewaters were lower than those obtained either with acetate or urban sewage, however the dose of agro-food wastewaters raised significantly the denitrification capacity in the WWTP because of the significant increase of easily biodegradable substrates in the wastewater. From the laboratory NUR batch test it was observed that the best agro-food wastewater to enhance the denitrification process was that coming from tomato processing, which presented an average denitrification rate of 1.9 mg NOx-N/(g VSS.h) and an average denitrification yield of 0.2 mg NOx-N/mg COD. The viability of the use of tomato processing wastewater was checked in a pilot plant optimised for urban sewage treatment with biological nutrient removal. The optimum dose, 5.9 mg COD/mg NOx-N, was applied and 99% of the nitrate was removed from the wastewater without influencing negatively either the COD or P effluent concentrations.
Probabilities of Death From Breast Cancer and Other Causes Among Female Breast Cancer Patients (2004)

The probability of death from breast cancer versus other causes varied substantially according to stage, tumor size, ER status, and age at diagnosis in both white and black patients.
Cloudlet-screen computing: A multi-core-based, cloud-computing-oriented, traditional-computing-compatible parallel computing Paradigm for the masses (2009)

This paper proposes a computing paradigm where many users share a host platform consisting of one or more multicore CPU(s) and GPU(s). Each user is connected to the host by a link transferring primarily compressed compound video of screen, mouse and keyboard data. All computation and processing tasks including but not limited to 2D/3D graphics and multimedia processing are done on the host using a traditional or existing architecture. Since all computing and storage resources are centralized on the "cloudlet" (host) and each user site has only a high-resolution monitor, a mouse, and a keyboard with some optional I/O devices, it is a highly energy-efficient, secure, reliable, and low total-ownership-cost paradigm. The compound video link between the host and the user is partial-lossless (partially lossless and partially near-lossless), and has ultra-low latency, so the proposed paradigm still has no-compromised 2D/3D graphics and multimedia performance demanded by the mass market.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilizes primitive hematopoietic stem cells in normal individuals. (1995)

We studied the hematopoietic activity of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilized by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) using semisolid and long-term culture systems (LTC) in 5 normal individuals. Following 2 or 3 daily subcutaneous injections of G-CSF (filgrastim; 1.5 micrograms/kg), not only committed progenitors including CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-Mix, but also long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-IC) were increased in the peripheral blood. When the cells derived from CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-Mix colonies were replated for secondary colony formation, a minor fraction of CFU-GM and CFU-Mix colonies formed after 3 days of G-CSF stimulation in vivo could produce secondary colonies. Moreover, the replating capacity of primary colonies from 5-week-old LTC initiated after 3 days of G-CSF stimulation was increased compared to that from 5-week-old LTC initiated in a 'steady-state'. These observations indicate that G-CSF can mobilize very primitive progenitors (LTC-IC) along with committed progenitors into the circulation and suggest that some of these G-CSF-mobilized progenitors may retain self-renewal capacity.
Some experimental studies of vortex rings (1977)

A series of experiments designed to reveal the properties of high Reynolds number vortex rings, using flow-visualization and laser-Doppler techniques, has uncovered several interesting and unexpected results. Starting at the beginning of the motion, at a nozzle, and proceeding downstream, these include the following. A formation process that is strongly Reynolds number dependent. The amount of vorticity that appears downstream is very close to that predicted by a simple ‘slug’ model. However flow-visualization studies show that such a model is an oversimplification and that an excess of ring vorticity is probably cancelled by the ingestion of vorticity of opposite sign at the nozzle lip. (iii) A new, bimodal form of vortex-core instability has been observed at moderate but not high Reynolds numbers. Azimuthal inhomogeneities in the breaking of these, and the normal instability waves, create an ‘axial’ flow along the vortex core in the turbulent ring. This axial flow takes the form of a propagating wave that has many characteristics of a solitary wave. It is hypothesized that this axial flow prevents further ring instability. The long-term behaviour of the turbulent ring is marked by dramatic changes in its growth rate, which are probably related to changes in the ‘organization’ of the vortex core. The descriptive turbulent-ring model developed in Maxworthy (1974) is substantially confirmed by these experiments and by observation of ring propagation through a stratified ambient fluid.
A text mining approach for Arabic question answering systems (2014)

As most of the electronic information available nowadays on the web is stored as text,\ndeveloping Question Answering systems (QAS) has been the focus of many individual\nresearchers and organizations. Relatively, few studies have been produced for extracting\nanswers to “why” and “how to” questions. One reason for this negligence is that when going\nbeyond sentence boundaries, deriving text structure is a very time-consuming and complex\nprocess. This thesis explores a new strategy for dealing with the exponentially large space\nissue associated with the text derivation task. To our knowledge, to date there are no systems\nthat have attempted to addressing such type of questions for the Arabic language.\nWe have proposed two analytical models; the first one is the Pattern Recognizer which\nemploys a set of approximately 900 linguistic patterns targeting relationships that hold within\nsentences. This model is enhanced with three independent algorithms to discover the\ncausal/explanatory role indicated by the justification particles. The second model is the Text\nParser which is approaching text from a discourse perspective in the framework of Rhetorical\nStructure Theory (RST). This model is meant to break away from the sentence limit. The\nText Parser model is built on top of the output produced by the Pattern Recognizer and\nincorporates a set of heuristics scores to produce the most suitable structure representing the\nwhole text.\nThe two models are combined together in a way to allow for the development of an Arabic\nQAS to deal with “why” and “how to” questions. The Pattern Recognizer model achieved an\noverall recall of 81% and a precision of 78%. On the other hand, our question answering\nsystem was able to find the correct answer for 68% of the test questions. Our results reveal\nthat the justification particles play a key role in indicating intrasentential relations.
PM in Japan 2007 (2008)

Significant changes in the Japanese economy have forced the P/M industry to develop new technologies and markets along with the building of transplants worldwide. The growth rate of P/M parts production in Japan has been about 3% in recent years, but the 79,000 tons produced in 1995 did not match the peak of 81,000 tons in 1990. Introduction of multi-level compaction and computer technology have contributed to industry growth. Customer satisfaction, through the modification of design, processes and materials to improve total economics, has been an important activity of the P/M suppliers. Both traditional and advanced P/M materials have found new markets in the booming micro-electronics industry.
Polymeric cryoproteetants in the preservation of biological ultrastructure (1977)

SUMMARY Two high molecular weight polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES), have been used as cryoproteetants for preparing specimens to be freeze fractured. Solutions of 25% (w/w) suppress the formation of intracellular ice in single cells and tissue blocks from both plants and animals to the extent that fine structural details of the cell can be elucidated. The mode of action of these cryoproteetants, together with the structures they reveal and the peculiar advantages attached to their use, is discussed.