gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Serotonin 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>Receptor Homodimers on the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells (2004)

While many studies have provided evidence of homodimerization and heterodimerization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), few studies have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) combined with confocal microscopy to visualize receptor dimerization on the plasma membrane, and there have been no reports demonstrating the expression of serotonin receptor dimers/oligomers on the plasma membrane of living cells. In the study presented here, biochemical and biophysical techniques were used to determine if 5-HT(2C) receptors exist as homodimers on the plasma membrane of living cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting revealed the presence of immunoreactive bands the predicted size of 5-HT(2C) receptor monomers and homodimers that were detergent and cross-linker sensitive. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was assessed in HEK293 cells expressing 5-HT(2C) receptors labeled with Renilla luciferase and yellow fluorescent protein. BRET levels were not altered by pretreatment with serotonin. Confocal microscopy provided direct visualization of FRET on the plasma membrane of live cells expressing 5-HT(2C) receptors labeled with cyan (donor) and yellow (acceptor) fluorescent proteins. FRET, assessed by acceptor photobleaching, was dependent on the donor/acceptor ratio and independent of acceptor expression levels, indicating that FRET resulted from receptor clustering and not from overexpression of randomly distributed receptors, providing evidence for GPCR dimers/oligomers in a clustered distribution on the plasma membrane. The results of this study suggest that 5-HT(2C) receptors exist as constitutive homodimers on the plasma membrane of living cells. In addition, a confocal-based FRET method for monitoring receptor dimerization directly on the plasma membrane of living cells is described.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XXX. SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL 2‐(THIOACYLAMINO)‐5‐ETHYL‐3‐THIOPHENECARBOXYLATES AND 2‐SUBSTITUTED 6‐ETHYLTHIENO(2,3‐D)(1,3)THIAZINE‐4‐THIONES (1980)

Abstract Die Acylaminothiophenderivate (I) gehen bei der Umsetzung mit dem Dithiophosphonsäureanhydrid (II) in die Thioacylaminothiophene (III) über.
[RhoA gene expression in colorectal carcinoma]. (2002)

RhoA gene may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and correlate with invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.
Surface chemistry of cold rolling oil. (1989)

A surface analysis study is presented to establish the effects of oiliness agents and extreme pressure agents added in the lubricants for steel sheet rolling.Rolling oils are used as coolant for rolls and as lubricant to reduce the friction between the roll and the strip. The degree of wear between them depends on the state of the film produced by absorption and surface reactions of the lubricant on the metal surfaces.Quantitative EPMA analysis proves that a phosphoric acid ester used as the extreme pressure agent decomposes into phosphoric acid which subsequently reacts with the steel surface to form a film of iron phosphate. The difference in the secondary P ion intensities detected by SIMS on the surface of low carbon steel sheets rolled with different amounts of the ester suggests the optimal amount of the esters to be added in the lubricant oil is in a range of 3 to 5%.Synthetic fatty acid esters, used as the oiliness agent, with a structure containing N atoms found to show a much better lubrication than the conventionally used compounds of a straight carbon-chain structure and non N atoms. This was also assured by the XPS analysis of rolled low carbon steel and SUS 304 steel sheets.
C5aR Expression in a Novel GFP Reporter Gene Knockin Mouse: Implications for the Mechanism of Action of C5aR Signaling in T Cell Immunity (2012)

C5aR is a G protein-coupled receptor for the anaphylatoxin C5a and mediates many proinflammatory reactions. C5aR signaling also has been shown to regulate T cell immunity, but its sites and mechanism of action in this process remain uncertain. In this study, we created a GFP knockin mouse and used GFP as a surrogate marker to examine C5aR expression. GFP was knocked into the 3'-untranslated region of C5ar1 by gene targeting. We show that GFP is expressed highly on Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) cells in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow and moderately on CD11b(+)F4/80(+) circulating leukocytes and elicited peritoneal macrophages. No GFP is detected on resting or activated T lymphocytes or on splenic myeloid or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In contrast, 5-25% cultured bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed GFP. Interestingly, GFP knockin prevented cell surface but not intracellular C5aR expression. We conclude that C5aR is unlikely to play an intrinsic role on murine T cells and primary dendritic cells. Instead, its effect on T cell immunity in vivo may involve CD11b(+)F4/80(+) or other C5aR-expressing leukocytes. Further, our data reveal a surprising role for the 3'-untranslated region of C5aR mRNA in regulating C5aR protein targeting to the plasma membrane.
Novel Approaches to Enhance the Specificity and Safety of Engineered T Cells (2014)

T-cell therapies using engineered T cells show great promise for cancer immunotherapy, as illustrated by the CD19 paradigm. Much of the excitement about this approach, and second-generation CARs in particular, is due to the dramatic clinical results recently reported by a few centers, especially in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the applicability of this approach, in principle, to a wide range of cancers. Extending the use of CAR therapies to cancers other than B-cell malignancies will require selective tumor targeting with minimal or acceptable "on-target, off-tumor" effects. The identification of new CAR target antigens is thus one of the next big challenges to address. Recognizing the paucity of currently available tumor-specific targets, we have developed broadly applicable approaches to enhance the tumor selectivity and safety of engineered T cells. Here, we review 2 promising concepts. One is to improve tumor targeting based on combinatorial antigen recognition. The other uses receptors that provide antigen-specific inhibition, which we named iCARs, to divert T cells from the normal tissues one wants to protect.
α‐Factor directed expression of the human epidermal growth factor in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1989)

Expression kinetics of the human Epidermal Growth Factor (hEGF) from the alpha-factor prepro region in a 2-mum based plasmid was studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Production of hEGF was highly medium de pendent as a chemically defined, nonenriched media had a significantly lower yield than did enriched media. Also cells grown on yeast nitrogen base without amino acids with casamino acids degraded the hEGF after cell growth as opposed to a yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose (YEPD) medium, which elicited no measurable extracellular proteolysis of the hEGF. alpha-factor directed production kinetics of hEGF on the YEPD medium were growth associated, secretion limitations and extracellular degradation were negligible, and the hEGF was nearly 100% selectively secreted. With sufficient agitation, shake flask experiments were representative of aerated controlled batch fermentations. No effect of high cell density was observed on cell growth or hEGF production kinetics. The hollow fiber bioreactor had no direct effect on the substrate or protein yields of S. cerevisiae, however the low oxygen transfer capacity of the membrane was not sufficient to support respiration.
<title>Perceptual distortion metric for digital color video</title> (1999)

In this paper I present a distortion metric for color video sequences. It is based on a contrast gain control model of the human visual system that incorporates spatial and temporal aspects of vision as well as color perception. The model achieves a close fit to contrast sensitivity and contrast masking data from several different psychophysical experiments for both luminance and color stimuli. The metric is used to assess the quality of MPEG-coded sequences.
Pre-Treatments to Enhance Graphitization in a Low Alloy Structural Steel (1979)

For the purpose of realizing rapid graphitization in a low alloy structural steel (0.24 wt%C, 1.42 wt%Si and 2.13 wt%Ni), the effects of pre-quenching, pre-cold rolling and graphitization temperatures on the graphitization rate were studied by means of dilatometric measurements and optical microscopic observations. The main results obtained were as follows. (1) The time required for 50% graphitization, τ50, showed charactaristic C curve behavior with changing graphitization temperature, and the noses of the C curves, i.e. the temperatures of the highest graphitizing rate, were in the range of 923∼973 K. (2) The effects of pre-quenching were remarkable and rather complex, where the smallest τ50 of about 1 h (the highest rate), was obtained when pre-quenched from the temperature just above Ac1 and graphitized at 973 K. (3) The effect of pre-cold rolling was simpler and weaker than that of pre-quenching and τ50 decreases monotonically with increasing reduction of thickness. (4) The number of graphite nodules in the specimens also changes remarkably with pre-treatments and graphitizing temperatures, and the most dense and the finest graphite nodules (average diameter of ca. 0.3 μm) were obtained when pre-quenched from the temperature just above Ac1 and graphitized at 777 K.
A constraint-aware optimized path recommender in a crowdsourced environment (2015)

International audience
An end-to-end caching protocol for web services (2012)

Web services have become an extremely popular technology for application integration due to its platform independent nature. However the use of web services has been limited in some areas mainly because of poor performance. Most web service usage scenarios fall into a client server architectural pattern, where a server component serves multiple clients. Caching is considered to be a well-known performance boosting approach in these types of applications. Even though web services have many similarities with the web, it is not easy to apply the same caching strategies used in the web in the context of web services. One key reason for this is that the request XML messages do not reveal enough information about the service semantics. The intention of this research is to implement an end-to-end caching protocol for web services, similar to HTTP caching. The proposed scheme consists of two caches - at the server and at each client. A set of SOAP headers similar to cache control HTTP headers will be used for managing this caching mechanism.
Modified Relay Feedback Method (1995)

The relay feedback method is one of the easiest identification methods to obtain the ultimate information of the process. Therefore, this method is widely used to automatically tune the PID controller in industry, and many applications of this method have been developed. It uses a square signal to obtain a continuous oscillatory response. However, since the square signal is totally different from the sinusoidal signal, the accuracy of the obtained ultimate information can be poor. Therefore, we propose a new relay feedback identification method to find more accurate ultimate information. The proposed method reduces the harmonics of the test signal so that the test signal becomes more similar to the sinusoidal signal.
Water Resources Systems Planning and Management - Exercises (2005)

This 2005 version has been superseded by the 2017 edition of the book, which includes exercises with each chapter, available in full here: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/48159
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Protects against Excitotoxicity and Chemical Hypoxia in Both Neonatal and Adult Rats (1995)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide growth factor that promotes neuronal survival. We recently found that systemic administration of bFGF protects against both excitotoxicity and hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal animals. In the present study, we examined whether systemically administered bFGF could prevent neuronal death induced by intrastriatal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or chemical hypoxia induced by intrastriatal injection of malonate in adult rats and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in neonatal rats. Systemic administration of bFGF (100 micrograms/kg) for three doses both before and after intrastriatal injection of either NMDA or malonate in adult rats produced a significant neuroprotective effect. In neonatal rats, bFGF produced dose-dependent significant neuroprotective effects against MPP+ neurotoxicity, with a maximal protection of approximately 50% seen with either a single dose of bFGF of 300 micrograms/kg or three doses of 100 micrograms/kg. These results show that systemic administration of bFGF is effective in preventing neuronal injury under circumstances in which the blood-brain barrier may be compromised, raising the possibility that this strategy could be effective in stroke.
Ion-exchange high-performance liquid-chromatography steps in peptide purifications (1982)

Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; on Ultropac TSK DEAE and CM) is compared with conventional soft-gel ion-exchange chromatography in identical peptide purifications. The results show that separating properties are similar, but as expected, ion-exchange HPLC has a much higher resolving capacity and a higher sensitivity, and allows a considerably shorter total separation time. The same buffer systems as for conventional ion-exchange chromatography can be used, including urea to solubilize large peptides, if care is taken not to exceed the pH limits set by the column matrix. A complete purification scheme by HPLC in the nanomolar range, utilizing exclusion, ion-exchange, and reverse-phase chromatographies, is given with a complex peptide mixture from a digest of a large protein. Similar steps as in conventional soft-gel schemes can be utilized. It is concluded that ion-exchange HPLC is a suitable complement to commonly used reverse-phase HPLC steps and that it permits high speed and sensitivity over wide ranges of peptide sizes and amounts.
A post-silicon clock timing adjustment using genetic algorithms (2004)

A post-silicon clock timing adjustment architecture utilizing genetic algorithms (GA) is proposed, which has three advantages: (1) enhanced clock frequency leading to improved operating yields, (2) lower power supply voltages while maintaining operating yield, and (3) reductions in design times. Experiments with two different developed LSI chips and a design experiment demonstrated these advantages with a clock frequency enhancement of 25% (max), a power supply voltage reduction of 33%, and 21% shorter design times.
NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and disruption of the IDH2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1991)

NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of two nonidentical subunits, designated IDH1 (Mr approximately 40,000) and IDH2 (Mr approximately 39,000). We have isolated and characterized a yeast genomic clone containing the IDH2 gene. The amino acid sequence deduced from the gene indicates that IDH2 is synthesized as a precursor of 369 amino acids (Mr 39,694) and is processed upon mitochondrial import to yield a mature protein of 354 amino acids (Mr 37,755). Amino acid sequence comparison between S. cerevisiae IDH2 and S. cerevisiae NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase shows no significant sequence identity, whereas comparison of IDH2 and Escherichia coli NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase reveals a 33% sequence identity. To confirm the identity of the IDH2 gene and examine the relationship between IDH1 and IDH2, the IDH2 gene was disrupted by genomic replacement in a haploid yeast strain. The disruption strain expressed no detectable IDH2, as determined by Western blot analysis, and was found to lack NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, indicating that IDH2 is essential for a functional enzyme. Overexpression of IDH2, however, did not result in increased NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting that both IDH1 and IDH2 subunits are required for catalytic activity. The disruption strain was unable to utilize acetate as a carbon source and exhibited a 2-fold slower growth rate than wild type strains on glycerol or lactate. This growth phenotype is consistent with NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase performing an essential role in the oxidative function of the citric acid cycle.
Moving to Linux: Kiss the Blue Screen of Death Goodbye!! (2003)

From the Publisher:
Say goodbye to Windows® crashes, viruses, hassles, and cost!

Moving to Linux can help you migrate from Windows to Linux in just hours! By the time you've finished, you'll be able to do virtually anything in Linux-without the aggravation, crashes, security risks, or high costs of running Windows!

This is not a book for techies! It's a book for people like you: people who write documents, create spreadsheets, surf the Web, send emails, listen to CDs, play games-and want to do it simply in Linux, without becoming technical experts!

Convert your Windows PC to a Linux system that does more for less money-one step at a time
Browse the Internet, send and receive email, even send instant messages using your existing AOL, MSN, and Yahoo! accounts
Connect your digital camera or scanner
Rip music, burn and play CDs 
Discover the world of Linux games: from solitaire to flight simulators, and beyond


There's more!! Write, calculate, and present with OpenOffice.org, the free office suite for Linux that can also read and write all of your existing Microsoft Office documents.

Say goodbye to expensive software upgrades, burdensome Microsoft licensing, Windows viruses, and blue screens of death. Say hello to computing the way it's supposed to be--with Linux!

About the CD-ROM

Includes special bootable Linux Knoppix CD: prove the power, simplicity, and value of Linux to yourself without touching your current Windows system!
Estimating Action Potential Thresholds From Neuronal Time-Series: New Metrics and Evaluation of Methodologies (2004)

The estimation of action potential thresholds is a subjective process, which we quantified by surveying experienced electrophysiologists via a software application that allowed them to select action potential thresholds from several presented neuronal time series. Independent of this survey, we derived two nonparametric techniques for automating the detection of an action potential threshold from the time-series of intracellular recordings. Both methods start with a phase-space representation of the action potential (dV/dt versus V). Method I detects the maximum slope in the phase space, while Method II detects the maximum second derivative in the phase space. These two methods, as well as five additional methods in the literature, were tested on three data sets representing a variety of action potential shapes, the same three datasets that were used in the electrophysiologist survey. The database of user responses was used to provide an external benchmark against which to statistically evaluate all seven methods. Method II, as well as the curvature-based Methods VI and VII, provided the best results tracking both absolute and relative changes in threshold versus the other nonparametric methods (peak of second and third time derivatives). The one parametric method evaluated, detection of threshold crossing of the first temporal derivative, performed comparably to these methods, provided that an appropriate threshold was chosen. We conclude that Methods II, VI, and VII were the best methods evaluated due to their performance across a wide range of action potential shapes and the fact that they are nonparametric. Our user database of responses may be useful to other investigators interested in developing additional methods in that it quantifies what has often been a subjective estimate.
The Eyes Never Lie: The Use of Eyetracking Data in HCI Research (2002)

Recent technology developments have made eye-tracking\nsystems more affordable and less cumbersome. Many\nmembers of the HCI community will therefore consider\nemploying this method in usability research and\nassessment. This paper, provides an overview of the eye\nmovement data that can be collected, what is involved in\nanalysing them, and what it can add to current HCI\nresearch and usability assessment practice. We argue that,\nwhilst much work is required to develop the use of eyetracking\nas a practitioner’s method, it can provide valuable\nobjective data about the impact of visual design on human\nperformance. To illustrate this point, some preliminary\nresults of a study into web page usage are reported. The\nresults are examined with regard to explaining task\nperformance, user physiology as well as in the assessment\nof the difficulties and the potential behind eye-tracking.
Flight control system for a micromechanical flying insect: architecture and implementation (2002)

Describes results on the design and simulation of a flight control system for the micromechanical flying insect (MFI), a 10-25 mm (wingtip-to-wingtip) device eventually capable of sustained autonomous flight. The biologically inspired system architecture results in a hierarchical structure of different control methodologies, which give the possibility to plan complex missions from a sequence of simple flight modes and maneuvers. As a case study, a stabilizing hovering control scheme is presented and simulated with VIFS, a software simulator for insect flight.
JAK2 inhibitor TG101348 overcomes erlotinib-resistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells with mutated EGF receptor (2015)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are responsive to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). However, NSCLC patients with secondary somatic EGFR mutations are resistant to EGFR-TKI treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of TG101348 (a JAK2 inhibitor) on the tumor growth of erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression and tumor growth were evaluated by diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Western Blot and a xenograft mouse model, respectively. Results showed that erlotinib had a stronger impact on the induction of apoptosis in erlotinib-sensitive PC-9 cells but had a weaker effect on erlotinib-resistant H1975 and H1650 cells than TG101348. TG101348 significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of erlotinib to erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells, stimulated erlotinib-induced apoptosis and downregulated the expressions of EGFR, p-EGFR, p-STAT3, Bcl-xL and survivin in erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, the combined treatment of TG101348 and erlotinib induced apoptosis, inhibited the activation of p-EGFR and p-STAT3, and inhibited tumor growth of erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells in vivo. Our results indicate that TG101348 is a potential adjuvant for NSCLC patients during erlotinib treatment.