gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of text messaging on 9‐ and 10‐year‐old children's reading, spelling and phonological processing skills (2011)

Abstract This paper reports on an intervention study that considered the impact of text messaging on 9‐ to 10‐year‐old children's literacy skills. One hundred and fourteen children who had never owned a mobile phone before were recruited and randomly allocated to either the intervention or control conditions. All children were pre‐ and post‐tested on a range of reading, spelling and phonological awareness measures. Children in the intervention group were given access to a mobile phone (enabled for text messaging only) for weekends and during half‐term break for a 10‐week period. It was found that there were no significant differences between the two groups of children in terms of their literacy attainment during that period. However, within the mobile phone group, there was evidence that use of text abbreviations was positively related to gains in literacy skills. Moreover, after controlling for individual differences in IQ, and the children's performance at pre‐test, textism usage was able to account for a significant amount of variance in post‐test spelling scores. These results show that text messaging does not adversely affect the development of literacy skills within this age group, and that the children's use of textisms when text messaging is positively related to improvement in literacy skills, especially spelling.
Large-scale Analysis of Counseling Conversations: An Application of Natural Language Processing to Mental Health (2016)

Mental illness is one of the most pressing public health issues of our time. While counseling and psychotherapy can be effective treatments, our knowledge about how to conduct successful counseling conversations has been limited due to lack of large-scale data with labeled outcomes of the conversations. In this paper, we present a large-scale, quantitative study on the discourse of text-message-based counseling conversations. We develop a set of novel computational discourse analysis methods to measure how various linguistic aspects of conversations are correlated with conversation outcomes. Applying techniques such as sequence-based conversation models, language model comparisons, message clustering, and psycholinguistics-inspired word frequency analyses, we discover actionable conversation strategies that are associated with better conversation outcomes.
Context-Aware Authentication for the Internet of Things (2015)

Many traditional authentication and access control mechanisms do not use context-aware approach, i.e., those mechanisms do not incorporate context parameters while mak- ing authentication and authorisation decisions. The context unaware mechanisms can be inadequate for the Internet of Things due to its dynamic and heterogeneous environment. The context information can be used to reconfigure security mechanisms and adjust security parameters. The contextual information can be integrated into various security mecha- nisms such as authentication, access control, encryption, etc. The context-aware security is the dynamic adjustment of secu- rity policy based on the context. In this paper, we discuss the context-awareness techniques for authentication and access control mechanisms. We present the concepts of context, con- text- awareness, and context based security and highlight con- textual attributes that can be used to support and enhance authentication and access control mechanisms for the Internet of Things.
Rapid Isolation of Monoclonal Antibodies. Monitoring Enzymes in the Phytochelatin Synthesis Pathway (2001)

Genomics projects have identified thousands of interesting new genes whose protein products need to be examined at the tissue, subcellular, and molecular levels. Furthermore, modern metabolic engineering requires accurate control of expression levels of multiple enzymes in complex pathways. The lack of specific immune reagents for characterization and monitoring of these numerous proteins limits all proteomic and metabolic engineering projects. We describe a rapid method of isolating monoclonal antibodies that required only sequence information from GenBank. We show that large synthetic peptides were highly immunogenic in mice and crude protein extracts were effective sources of antigen, thus eliminating the time-consuming step of purifying the target proteins for antibody production. A case study was made of the three-enzyme pathway for the synthesis of phytochelatins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blots with the recombinant proteins in crude extracts demonstrated that the monoclonal antibodies produced to synthetic peptides were highly specific for the different target proteins, gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, glutathione synthetase, and phytochelatin synthase. Moreover, immunofluorescence localization studies with antibacterial gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and antiglutathione synthetase antibodies demonstrated that these immune reagents reacted strongly with their respective target proteins in chemically fixed cells from transgenic plants. This approach enables research to progress rapidly from the genomic sequence of poorly characterized target genes, to protein-specific antibodies, to functional studies.
Organic Linker Defines the Excited‐State Decay of Photocatalytic MIL‐125(Ti)‐Type Materials (2016)

Recently, MIL-125(Ti) and NH2 -MIL-125(Ti), two titanium-based metal-organic frameworks, have attracted significant research attention in the field of photocatalysis for solar fuel generation. This work reveals that the differences between these structures are not only based on their light absorption range but also on the decay profile and topography of their excited states. In contrast to MIL-125(Ti), NH2 -MIL-125(Ti) shows markedly longer lifetimes of the charge-separated state, which improves photoconversion by the suppression of competing decay mechanisms. We used spectroelectrochemistry and ultrafast spectroscopy to demonstrate that upon photoexcitation in NH2 -MIL-125(Ti) the electron is located in the Ti-oxo clusters and the hole resides on the aminoterephthalate unit, specifically on the amino group. The results highlight the role of the amino group in NH2 -MIL-125(Ti), the electron donation of which extends the lifetime of the photoexcited state substantially.
Mesoporous palladium—the surface electrochemistry of palladium in aqueous sodium hydroxide and the cathodic reduction of nitrite (2005)

The voltammetry of nanostructured palladium layers electrodeposited from a hexagonal liquid crystal phase onto platinum microdiscs show well defined peaks for the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen and surface oxidation/reduction in 2 M NaOH. These peaks are more clearly resolved than at smooth palladium and reveal the complications associated with hydrogen adsorption/desorption on palladium in aqueous alkaline solutions. The reduction of nitrite at the nanostructured palladium is also reported and it is shown that it occurs via a mechanism involving a chemical reaction between adsorbed hydrogen and adsorbed nitrite ion.
Performance Comparison of Illumina and Ion Torrent Next-Generation Sequencing Platforms for 16S rRNA-Based Bacterial Community Profiling (2014)

High-throughput sequencing of the taxonomically informative 16S rRNA gene provides a powerful approach for exploring microbial diversity. Here we compare the performances of two common "benchtop" sequencing platforms, Illumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM), for bacterial community profiling by 16S rRNA (V1-V2) amplicon sequencing. We benchmarked performance by using a 20-organism mock bacterial community and a collection of primary human specimens. We observed comparatively higher error rates with the Ion Torrent platform and report a pattern of premature sequence truncation specific to semiconductor sequencing. Read truncation was dependent on both the directionality of sequencing and the target species, resulting in organism-specific biases in community profiles. We found that these sequencing artifacts could be minimized by using bidirectional amplicon sequencing and an optimized flow order on the Ion Torrent platform. Results of bacterial community profiling performed on the mock community and a collection of 18 human-derived microbiological specimens were generally in good agreement for both platforms; however, in some cases, results differed significantly. Disparities could be attributed to the failure to generate full-length reads for particular organisms on the Ion Torrent platform, organism-dependent differences in sequence error rates affecting classification of certain species, or some combination of these factors. This study demonstrates the potential for differential bias in bacterial community profiles resulting from the choice of sequencing platform alone.
Analysis of Nutritional Components in Ciona intestinalis (2011)

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the nutritional components in Ciona intestinalis and evaluate their nutritional value.[Method] The contents of moisture,fat,protein,and ash amino acids,fatty acids and minerals in Ciona intestinalis were determined by conventional methods.[Result] The contents of moisture,fat,protein and ash in Ciona intestinalis were 93.08%,2.08%,1.99% and 2.7%,respectively.16 kinds of common amino acids in Ciona intestinalis were determined,among which glycine content was the highest,and the ratios of total essential amino acids to total amino acids and to non-essentialamino acids were 42.51% and 73.94%,respectively.18 kinds of common fatty acids were measured in Ciona intestinalis,including 8 saturated fatty acids,3 non-unsaturated fatty acids and 3 poly unsaturated fatty acids.The contents of poly unsaturated fatty acids in fatty acids were 13.8%.Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Ni and other elements were rich in Ciona intestinals.The detection and analysis of heavy metal elements and other toxic substances in Ciona intestinalis indicated that they met national safety and health standards.[Conclusion] Ciona intestinalis possess high nutritional value and promising prospects for further development.
Soluplus Based Polymeric Micelles and Mixed Micelles of Lornoxicam: Design, Characterization and In vivo Efficacy Studies in Rats (2016)

Aim: To investigate potential of polymer Soluplus (SP), to form micellar/mixed micellar systems and its ability to improve solubility and consequently therapeutic efficacy of model BCS Class-II drug Lornoxicam (LNX).Methods: Soluplus based micellar systems were prepared using thin film hydration method.CMC (critical micelle concentration) was determined using two methods, namely, Iodine UV spectroscopy and Pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy.Micellar systems were characterized for their particle size, drug loading, CMC and SANS study to understand the dynamics of micellar systems.The LNX loaded micellar systems were evaluated in vivo, to evaluate their effectiveness in improving the anti-inflammatory activity of LNX in rat-paw edema model and also to observe possible reduction in ulcerogenic potential of LNX.Results: SP as well as its mixed micellar systems could effectively form stable micelles with mean diameter in range of 60-70 nm and promising LNX loading efficiency.It was evident from CMC studies (using Iodine UV spectroscopy and Pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy methods) and with rubinghs regular solution theory that Soluplus could effectively form stable mixed micelles with other micelle forming agents like Solutol HS 15 (ST) and Phospholipon 90 H (PL 90H).SANS spectra confirms the presence of micellar systems and applying sphere model of SASFIT software, it was found that micelles exhibited spherical shape.In vivo anti-inflammatory study indicated that LNX loaded micellar systems resulted in superior therapeutic efficacy than LNX suspension, even at a reduced dose (p<0.05).The ulcerogenic potential of LNX was also significantly reduced when LNX was incorporated into the micellar system.Conclusion: Soluplus possessed ability to form stable micellar systems which demonstrated promising potential to improve solubilization of a BCS class II drug, LNX and improved its therapeutic efficacy with reduction in adverse effects when tested in vivo in rats.
MYLES BLOMEFYLDE (1966)

MYLES BLOMEFYLDE Get access DONALD C. BAKER DONALD C. BAKER University of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 13, Issue 3, March 1966, Pages 105-a–105, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/13-3-105a Published: 01 March 1966
Who Speaks for the Child (1995)

Child advocacy is a recent phenomenon.Fifty years ago there was little concern about who would speak for children in legal proceedings that affected them. 1 Not until the 1967 decision in In re Gault 2 were children guaranteed the right to an attorney in delinquency proceedings. 3 A few years later, Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), 4 which, in part, provided federal financial assistance to state child protective services agencies so long as the state enacted legislation ensuring that every child involved in a child welfare proceeding had a court-appointed guardian ad litem.s While neither Gault nor CAPTA has resulted in representation for all children in juvenile delinquency or dependency cases, they at least established the goal of full representation for all jurisdictions to follow.In other legal settings the law has been even slower to provide for the representation of children.The dramatic rise in child abuse and neglect reports over the past twenty years has led many persons within the legal system to examine how best to represent children.A growing consensus has rejected the traditional assumption that persons involved in legal proceedings will look out for the interests of the Leonard P. Edwards is a superior court judge for Santa Clara County, California.Inger
Wild-type gas vesicle formation requires at least ten genes in the gvp gene cluster of Halobacterium halobium plasmid pNRC100 (1994)

To study the functions of the 13 gvp genes, gvpMLKJIHGFEDACN, on plasmid pNRC100 of Halobacterium halobium in gas vesicle formation, we carried out linker scanning mutagenesis of the gene cluster. We constructed a 24.5-kb Escherichia coli-H. halobium shuttle plasmid, pFL2, containing the gvp gene cluster and introduced a kanamycin resistance (kappa) cassette into each gene (except for gvpA). Transformation of H. halobium SD109, which had the entire gvp gene cluster deleted, with pFL2 and mutated pFL2 derivatives showed that while the unmutated gene cluster successfully programmed gas vesicle formation, derivatives with insertion of the kappa cassette in any of the gvp genes, except gvpM, did not lead to production of normal gas vesicles. Insertions in gvpL, -K, -J, -I, and -F resulted in a complete block in gas vesicle synthesis, while insertions in gvpH, -G, -E, -D, -C, and -N resulted in greatly reduced gas vesicle synthesis. In most cases, the block in gas vesicle synthesis did not result from polar effects, since similar results were obtained for derivatives of the insertion mutants in which most of the internal portion of the kappa cassette was deleted and only small (15 to 54-bp) insertions remained. The only exceptions were for gvpH and gvpD, where deletion of the internal portion of the kappa insertions resulted in phenotypic reversion. Electron microscopic analysis of the kappa mutants revealed that interruptions of gvpC and gvpN result in the formation of smaller gas vesicle than in the wild type, while interruptions of gvpF, -G, -H, -J, -K, and -L produce no discernible vesicle intermediates. These results indicate the gvpA, -C, and -N, which have the rightward transcriptional orientation, encode structural proteins, with gvpC and gvpN necessary for late stages of vesicle formation, and gvpL, -K, -J, -I, -H, -G, and -F, which have the leftward transcriptional orientation encode proteins involved in early steps in the assembly of gas vesicles.
Dimensions and resistances of the human nose: Racial differences (1991)

Dimensions of the external nose and nostrils and nasal airflow resistances were determined in healthy, young Caucasian, Oriental, and Negro adults. Statistically significant variation between racial groups was found in nasal width and the differential between dorsi-ventral and transverse nostril diameters. Corresponding differences were found also in nasal airflow resistances of combined and separate nasal cavities in both the untreated and decongested state. Caucasian noses were leptorrhine, Negro noses were platyrrhine, and Oriental noses were of intermediate dimension. Mean nasal resistances of untreated noses were 0.129 Pa/cm3/sec in Negroes (N = 17), 0.146 in Orientals (N = 20), and 0.184 in Caucasians (N = 24), and differences were more marked when noses were decongested (P less than 0.05 in all cases). Ratios between resistances of untreated and decongested noses showed no statistical differences between racial groups, suggesting a similarity in the mucovascular component of resistances.
Comparative Study of the Effects of Indomethacin and NS-398, a Selective Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor, on Duodenal Bicarbonate Secretion Induced by Luminal Acidification in Rats (1997)

To clarify the mechanisms of duodenal ulcerogenic activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the effects of indomethacin (IND) on acid-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion and histamine-induced duodenal ulcerogenic responses were studied in comparison with NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, in rats. IND (1 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly decreased duodenal bicarbonate secretion and potentiated duodenal lesion in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, NS-398 had no effect on these parameters. These findings suggest that duodenal ulcerogenicity of IND in the presence of histamine is mainly due to the inhibitory action on acid-stimulated bicarbonate secretion mediated by COX-1, but not by COX-2.
PageSense: Toward Stylewise Contextual Advertising via Visual Analysis of Web Pages (2016)

The Internet has emerged as the most effective and a highly popular medium for advertising. Current contextual advertising platforms need publishers to manually change the original structure of their Web pages and predefine the position and style of embedded ads. Although publishers spend significant effort optimizing their Web page layout, a large number of Web pages contain noticeable blank regions. We present an innovative stylewise advertising platform for contextual advertising, called PageSense. The “style” of Web pages refers to the visual appearance of a Web page, such as color and layout. PageSense aims to associate style-consistent ads with Web pages. It provides two advertising options: 1) If publishers predefine ad positions within Web pages, PageSense will analyze the page style and select ads, which are consistent with the Web page layout, and 2) if publishers impose no constraints for ad placement, PageSense will automatically detect blank regions, select the most nonintrusive region for ad insertion, associate color-consistent ads with the Web pages, and deliver them to blank regions without breaking the original Web page style. Our experiments have verified the effectiveness of PageSense as a complement to existing contextual advertising.
Mining discrete patterns via binary matrix factorization (2009)

Mining discrete patterns in binary data is important for subsampling, compression, and clustering. We consider rank-one binary matrix approximations that identify the dominant patterns of the data, while preserving its discrete property. A best approximation on such data has a minimum set of inconsistent entries, i.e., mismatches between the given binary data and the approximate matrix. Due to the hardness of the problem, previous accounts of such problems employ heuristics and the resulting approximation may be far away from the optimal one. In this paper, we show that the rank-one binary matrix approximation can be reformulated as a 0-1 integer linear program (ILP). However, the ILP formulation is computationally expensive even for small-size matrices. We propose a linear program (LP) relaxation, which is shown to achieve a guaranteed approximation error bound. We further extend the proposed formulations using the regularization technique, which is commonly employed to address overfitting. The LP formulation is restricted to medium-size matrices, due to the large number of variables involved for large matrices. Interestingly, we show that the proposed approximate formulation can be transformed into an instance of the minimum s-t cut problem, which can be solved efficiently by finding maximum flows. Our empirical study shows the efficiency of the proposed algorithm based on the maximum flow. Results also confirm the established theoretical bounds.
Synthesis of new trihalomethylated and non-symmetrical substituted 2-(1H-pyrazolyl)-5-(1H-pyrazolylcarbonyl)pyridines (2009)

This paper describes the synthesis of a new series of 2-[3-alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl)- 5-trifluoro(chloro)methyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-5-[3-alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl)-5-trifluoro(chloro)methyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-1-carbonyl]pyridines by the cyclocondensation reaction of 4-alkoxy-4-alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl)-1,1,1-trifluoro(chloro)-3-alken- 2-ones [CX3C(O)CH=CR¹OR, where R = Me, Et; R¹ = H, Me, Ph, 4-MeOPh, 4-NO2Ph, 4,4'-Biphenyl, 1-Naphthyl, Fur-2-yl, Thien-2-yl and X = F, Cl] with 6-hydrazinonicotinic hydrazide hydrate. Yields of 62 to 97% were obtained when the reactions were performed in ethanol as solvent at 78 ºC for 4 hours. In a subsequent step, the dehydration reactions of 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-(5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-1-carbonyl)pyridines were carried out in pyridine/benzene in the presence of thionyl chloride and led to the isolation of a series of 2- [3-alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl)-5-trifluoro(chloro)methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-5-[3-alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl)-5-trifluoro(chloro)methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-1-carbonyl]pyridines, in 64 to 86% yields.
The Hydration of Unsaturated Compounds. IV. The Rate of Hydration of Isobutene in the Presence of Silver Ion. The Nature of the Isobutene—Silver Complex<sup>1</sup> (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydration of Unsaturated Compounds. IV. The Rate of Hydration of Isobutene in the Presence of Silver Ion. The Nature of the Isobutene—Silver Complex1W. F. Eberz, H. J. Welge, Don M. Yost, and H. J. LucasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 1, 45–49Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01280a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01280a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts