gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ketoconazole: A Possible Direct Cytotoxic Effect on Prostate Carcinoma Cells (1989)

Ketoconazole has been recently used in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer and is believed to exert its effect by inhibition of androgen production. In order to determine whether ketoconazole exerts an additional direct cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells, we studied its effect on human hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and DU-145) in an in vitro clonogenic tumor assay. We showed that clinically achievable doses of ketoconazole caused greater than 90% suppression of tumor colony growth.
Identification of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> Strains at the Species Level by PCR Targeted to the <i>toxR</i> Gene (1999)

The DNA colony hybridization test with the polynucleotide probe for Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxR gene was performed. All 373 strains of V. parahaemolyticus gave positive results, and the strains belonging to four other Vibrio species including Vibrio alginolyticus gave weakly positive results, suggesting that toxR sequence variation may reflect the phylogenetic relationships of Vibrio species. We then established a toxR-targeted PCR protocol for the specific detection of V. parahaemolyticus.
Near-infrared observations of IRAS sources in and near dense cores (1986)

We report 0.4 to 20 micron photometry of 27 Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) point sources associated with dense cores in nearby dark clouds. It is found that these objects have a bimodal distribution of spectral slopes. The objects in the group with steep spectral slopes are typically within one half power radius of the core peak and are not visible on the POSS. The remainder of the objects are typically further from their cores, are optically visible and have shallow spectral slopes (s is approximately 0.6). Most of the sources in this group which have been previously identified are T Tauri stars. Both the groups of objects have essentially the same luminosity function with median luminosity of 1 to 2 L(solar), which is similiar to the luminosity function for T Tauri stars. The near-infrared (J,H,K,L) colors of the objects have been used to estimate the visual extinction to the stars. This indicates that the typical steep spectrum source has extinction A(upsilon) of approximately 30 magnitudes, which is larger by a factor of 3 to 4 than a uniform core can provide, thus the density must rise steeply in the vicinity of the star. For those objects where optical estimates of the extinction are available the optical estimates are typically smaller than our IR estimates by a factor of 1.6. For multiple scattering by grains that scatter primarily in the forward direction, this implies a grain albedo of 0.4 at V, consistent with theoretical predictions for bare grains. Using this derived extinction, the FIR emission from a spherical shell with an inverse power law density which contributes the correct amount of extinction has been modelled. It is shown that to be consistent with both the observations of the density of the core at a scale of 1.5 x 10(17) cm and the extinction derived from the near-IR colors there must be a circumstellar hole of radius 10-100 A.U. for all density laws with exponents greater than 1.2. It is also shown that a component in addition to the star and circumstellar shell is necessary to match the observed spectrum of steep spectrum sources.
A Blinded, Randomized Comparison of Immediate-Release and Extended-Release Carbamazepine Capsules in Manic and Depressed Bipolar Subjects (2010)

Carbamazepine is effective in treating symptoms of both mania and depression, and there are no significant differences in the relative efficacy of the IR or ERCC formulations.
A Reference Architecture for High-Availability Automatic Failover between PaaS Cloud Providers (2014)

As the adoption rate of Cloud Computing continues to clamber on among various application archetypes, there is a growing concern for identifying reliable automatic failover solutions between various cloud providers in an attempt to minimize the effect of recent cloud provider outages among diverse always-on and mission-critical applications in healthcare, e-Commerce and ancillary settings. Automatic failover between cloud providers stands out as a solution for course-plotting application reliability requirements in support of high-availability, disaster recovery and high-performance scenarios. Using a case study involving Microsoft's Windows Azure cloud and the Google App Engine cloud solution, we investigate some of the key characteristics in this area of concern and present a reference architecture for automatic failover between multiple Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) cloud delivery providers in a bid to maximize the delivery of architecturally significant quality attributes pertaining to High-Availability, Performance and Disaster Recovery in a mission-critical application prototype.
Optimizing TiO<sub>2</sub>-Based Phosphopeptide Enrichment for Automated Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2007)

An automated online multidimensional liquid chromatography system coupled to ESI-based tandem mass spectrometry was used to assess the effectiveness of TiO2 in the enrichment of phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of protein mixtures. By monitoring the enrichment of phosphopeptides, an optimized set of loading, wash, and elution conditions were realized for TiO2. A comparison of TiO2 with other resins used for phosphopeptide enrichment, Fe(III)-IMAC and ZrO2, was also carried out using tryptic digests of both simple and moderately complex protein mixtures; where TiO2 was shown to be superior in performance.
Formation of Micella Containing Solubilized Sterols during Rehydration of Active Dry Yeasts Improves Their Fermenting Capacity (2005)

During their rehydration in aqueous media, active dry yeasts (ADY) may be supplemented with inactive yeasts, yeast derivatives, or other optional complementary nutrients to improve their fermentation capacity. We found that yeast sterols solubilized in situ during ADY rehydration were particularly efficient for stimulating the fermenting capacity of ADY. Spontaneous solubilization of sterols during rehydration occurred by the formation of micelles by membrane phospholipids and specific cell wall polysaccharides and sterols, both compounds being provided by inactive dry yeasts (IDY). These micelles contained a specific distribution of the initial sterols from the inactive yeasts. Above a concentration of 100 mg L(-1) in the rehydration medium, these micelles acted as emulsifiers. Their critical micellar concentration (cmc) was found to be about 4 g L(-1). During rehydration, purified micelles, at a concentration near the cmc, were able to interact quickly with yeast cell membranes by modifying the yeast plasma membrane order [monitored by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-p-toluenesulfonate (TMA-DPH) probe] and by increasing the sterol contents of ADY. Such an enrichment of ADY by very low concentrations of solubilized sterols was very efficient for the completion of fermentations. This is useful when musts are limited in available phytosterols or when micro-oxygenation is not desirable during fermentation.
75-GHz f/sub T/ SiGe-base heterojunction bipolar transistors (1990)

The fabrication of silicon heterojunction bipolar transistors which have a record unity-current-gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 75 GHz for a collector-base bias of 1 V, an intrinsic base sheet resistance (R/sub bi/) of 17 k Omega / Square Operator , and an emitter width of 0.9 mu m is discussed. This performance level, which represents an increase by almost a factor of 2 in the speed of a Si bipolar transistor, was achieved in a poly-emitter bipolar process by using SiGe for the base material. The germanium was graded in the 45-nm base to create a drift field of approximately 20 kV/cm, resulting in an intrinsic transit time of only 1.9 ps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Free Convection Heat Transfer from a Vertical Cone Embedded in a Bidisperse Porous Medium (2013)

This work studies the free convection heat transfer from a vertical cone in a bidisperse porous medium with uniform wall temperature. The two-velocity two-temperature model and the coordinate transformation are used to derive the governing equations. The obtained boundary layer equations are then solved by the cubic spline collocation method. The effects of the inter-phase heat transfer parameter, the modified thermal conductivity ratio, and the permeability ratio on the heat transfer and flow characteristics are studied. The effects of important parameters on the temperature profiles for the f-phase and the p-phase of bidisperse porous media are plotted. Results show that an increase in the modified thermal conductivity ratio or the permeability ratio can effectively enhance the free convection heat transfer of the vertical cone in bidisperse porous media. Moreover, decreasing inter-phase heat transfer parameter leads to more significant thermal non-equlibrium between the p-phase and the f-phase of the bidisperse porous medium.
Antagonism of Glycolysis and Reductive Carboxylation of Glutamine Potentiates Activity of Oncolytic Adenoviruses in Cancer Cells (2018)

Tumor cells exhibiting the Warburg effect rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP production and have a notable addiction to anaplerotic use of glutamine for macromolecular synthesis. This strategy maximizes cellular biosynthetic potential while avoiding excessive depletion of NAD<sup>+</sup> and provides an attractive anabolic environment for viral infection. Here, we evaluate infection of highly permissive and poorly permissive cancer cells with wild-type adenoviruses and the oncolytic chimeric adenovirus enadenotucirev (EnAd). All adenoviruses caused an increase in glucose and glutamine uptake along with increased lactic acid secretion. Counterintuitively, restricting glycolysis using 2-deoxyglucose or by limiting glucose supply strongly improved virus activity in both cell types. Antagonism of glycolysis also boosted EnAd replication and transgene expression within human tumor biopsies and in xenografted tumors <i>in vivo</i>. In contrast, the virus life cycle was critically dependent on exogenous glutamine. Virus activity in glutamine-free cells was rescued with exogenous membrane-permeable α-ketoglutarate, but not pyruvate or oxaloacetate, suggesting an important role for reductive carboxylation in glutamine usage, perhaps for production of biosynthetic intermediates. This overlap between the metabolic phenotypes of adenovirus infection and transformed tumor cells may provide insight into how oncolytic adenoviruses exploit metabolic transformation to augment their selectivity for cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism induced by oncolytic and wild-type adenoviruses in cancer cells, which will be important to consider in the preclinical evaluation of oncolytic viruses.
Coagulation factor XIII variants with altered thrombin activation rates (2009)

Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is activated by thrombin and catalyses crosslinking between fibrin monomers thereby providing mechanical strength to the fibrin network. V34L is a common FXIII-A polymorphism found in the activation peptide. FXIII-A V34L is activated faster by thrombin and provides formation of a tighter clot at fibrinogen concentrations in the low end of the physiological range. FXIII-A variants with potentially increased activation rates were generated. Introduction of an optimal thrombin cleavage site, V34L+V35T, increased the activation rate 7.6-fold and facilitated the formation of a fibrin network more resistant to fibrinolysis than obtained with wt FXIII-A. In contrast, introduction of fragments of fibrinopeptide A into the activation peptide resulted in severely impaired activation rates.
Using a translation-invariant neural network to diagnose heart arrhythmia (2003)

The use of a neural network to classify ECG signals directly, without parametrization, is discussed. The input to such a network must be translation-invariant, since the distinctive features of the ECG may appear anywhere in the input window. The input must also be insensitive to the episode-to-episode and patient-to-patient variability in the rhythm pattern. A simple transformation of the ECG time-series input that meets both criteria is considered. A set of internally recorded, transcardiac ECG signals obtained from 54 patients was used to train and test the network. For each type of rhythm presented to the network, the network could output normal sinus rhythm (NSR), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and ventricular fibrillation (VF) (for networks trained to discriminate between VT and VF), or ambiguous (AMB).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metal/fluorinated-dielectric interactions in microelectronic interconnections: Rapid diffusion of fluorine through aluminum (1999)

Rather surprising behavior has been observed when aluminum (Al) is in contact with fluorine-doped silicon dioxide (FSG). With Al deposited onto FSG, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that there is only a very minor reaction at the interface, producing a small amount of AlF3. No fluorine is observed in the bulk of the Al film, but fluorine diffuses readily through the Al even at room temperature and reacts at the free metal surface. On the other hand, with FSG deposited onto Al, the native aluminum oxide provides quite good protection against fluorine diffusion. By contrast, when pure Cu is in contact with FSG, there is almost no interaction or fluorine diffusion. Various approaches to reducing fluorine diffusion into a metal are also discussed, including using a diffusion barrier (TiN, Ta, TaN) or a suitable plasma treatment of the FSG before metal deposition.
Etaloning, fluorescence and ambient light suppression by modulated wavelength Raman spectroscopy (2012)

We demonstrate that wavelength modulation overcomes frequent obstacles for in-situ and in-vivo implementations of Raman spectroscopy, namely autofluorescence, removal of the system transmission function including etaloning as well as compensation of ambient light. It is the method of choice for Raman measurements of samples with high background under ambient light conditions such as real-time assessment of tissues in the operating theatre.
Automated processing of whole blood samples for the determination of immunosuppressants by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (2006)

The analytical system described here, comprising automated protein precipitation, on-line solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis, is convenient and precise, and minimizes hands-on time and the risk of mistakes in the quantification of whole blood immunosuppressant concentrations compared to conventional methods.
The Nucleosome (Histone-DNA Complex) Is the TLR9-Specific Immunostimulatory Component of Plasmodium falciparum That Activates DCs (2011)

The systemic clinical symptoms of Plasmodium falciparum infection such as fever and chills correspond to the proinflammatory cytokines produced in response to the parasite components released during the synchronized rupture of schizonts. We recently demonstrated that, among the schizont-released products, merozoites are the predominant components that activate dendritic cells (DCs) by TLR9-specific recognition to induce the maturation of cells and to produce proinflammatory cytokines. We also demonstrated that DNA is the active constituent and that formation of a DNA-protein complex is essential for the entry of parasite DNA into cells for recognition by TLR9. However, the nature of endogenous protein-DNA complex in the parasite is not known. In this study, we show that parasite nucleosome constitute the major protein-DNA complex involved in the activation of DCs by parasite nuclear material. The parasite components were fractionated into the nuclear and non-nuclear materials. The nuclear material was further fractionated into chromatin and the proteins loosely bound to chromatin. Polynucleosomes and oligonucleosomes were prepared from the chromatin. These were tested for their ability to activate DCs obtained by the FLT3 ligand differentiation of bone marrow cells from the wild type, and TLR2(-/-), TLR9(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice. DCs stimulated with the nuclear material and polynucleosomes as well as mono- and oligonucleosomes efficiently induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in a TLR9-dependent manner, demonstrating that nucleosomes (histone-DNA complex) represent the major TLR9-specific DC-immunostimulatory component of the malaria parasite nuclear material. Thus, our data provide a significant insight into the activation of DCs by malaria parasites and have important implications for malaria vaccine development.
Intrinsic Disc Pressure as a Measure of Integrity of the Lumbar Spine (1988)

Intradiscal pressure and volume measurements were made in 84 fresh cadaveric lumbar spine disc spaces. The nucleus was injected with a roentgenographic contrast agent under fluoroscopic examination. The intrinsic pressure, the pressure at which the agent entered the disc, and the maximum pressure that the disc could hold were measured. The discs were graded for degeneration. The intrinsic and maximum pressures were found to be inversely related to disc degeneration grade, and directly related to each other. Relatively greater degeneration was found at lower levels of the lumbar spine as compared to the upper levels. The intrinsic disc pressure may prove to be a useful clinical tool in the evaluation of spinal integrity.
Experimental and theoretical studies of bump formation during laser texturing of Ni-P disk substrates (1996)

We provide here extended experimental data on the bump shape formed on Ni-P disk substrate under various laser and substrate surface conditions, and describe a model for the Sombrero-shape bump formation based on competition between thermocapillary and chemicapillary flows. This model rationalizes a large body of experimental data and provides insight into how one might tailor bump shapes to specific requirements. For comparison, laser bump formation on non-Ni-P substrates has also been studied.
A T Cell Clone’s Avidity Is a Function of Its Activation State (2001)

At present it is unclear how Ag dose-dependent T cell functions, such as cytokine production, reflect TCR affinity and how the signal strength afforded by the Ag dose affects the kinetics of cytokine production by the individual T cell. We used a computer-assisted ELISPOT approach to address these issues. IFN-gamma release by a clonal population of CD4 T cells was monitored on a clonal population of APC while titrating the nominal peptide. The frequency of cytokine-producing cells, the net per-cell output of cytokine, and the onset of cytokine production were each found to be functions of the signal strength. Sigmoidal dose-response curves were seen at the clonal population level, but the activation thresholds for the individual T cells followed a Gaussian distribution. Moreover, the overall dose-response curve of the T cell clone revealed cyclic changes, becoming increasingly shifted toward lower Ag concentrations with the duration of time that elapsed since the last restimulation with Ag. Therefore, responsiveness to Ag ("functional avidity") is not a constant parameter of a T cell clone but a function of the T cell's history of last Ag encounter. The implications of such shifting activation thresholds are discussed for autoimmune disease.
Adaptive-rate turbo product coding for frequency-hop transmission and time-varying partial-band interference (2004)

A protocol is described and evaluated for adapting the rate of a turbo code for frequency-hop packet transmissions over time-varying partial-band interference channels. The rate of the turbo code is adapted from packet to packet to optimize the throughput. In particular, the protocol is designed to use a high-rate code when there is little interference and a low-rate code when the interference occupies a significant fraction of the band, even though neither the transmitter nor the receiver know what fraction of the band contains interference. No external side information is provided to the receiver, and our scheme requires no additional redundancy (e.g., pilot symbols) in the data packet for the generation of side information. The information needed to adapt the code rate is derived form our adaptive decoding system, and the only feedback required from the receiver to the transmitter is provided by a few bits in each acknowledgment packet. Results on the performance of the protocol are given for turbo product codes.
Precise in vivo tissue micro-Raman spectroscopy with simultaneous reflectance confocal microscopy monitoring using a single laser (2019)

Raman spectroscopy provides molecular finger-printing of biological tissues. To achieve high spatial resolution, confocal Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman) has been developed. To guide where micro-Raman is acquired, imaging guidance is necessary, especially for high scattering biological tissue. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been integrated with micro-Raman. However, existing systems do not allow point-of-interest micro-Raman measurement with simultaneous RCM guidance. Here we demonstrate how a single laser can be used to localize and acquire micro-Raman signals within tissue with simultaneous real-time RCM imaging. Applications of this RCM-guided micro-Raman system for ex vivo samples and in vivo skin measurements are presented.
Complete Coverage Path Planning of Wall-Cleaning Robot Using Visual sensor (2007)

A design and implication of a complete coverage path planning system based on visual sensor for wall-climbing robot is proposed in this paper. The visual sensor composed of an oriented CCD camera and two laser diodes helps robot align with walls and keep the robot stay in the planned path. The robot also can real-time inspect the obstacles on the planned path and carry out the obstacle avoidance manner with the help of visual sensor, thus the robot can complete the cleaning task efficiently in an environment with unexpected static obstacles. The wall-cleaning robot adopts a complete coverage cleaning strategy and executes back-and-forth cleaning task. The experiment on complete coverage path planning and the motion control system has been carried out in order to examine the performance of the proposed navigation design based on visual sensors. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A NEW TRIAL OF COMBINED INTRAARTERIAL INJECTION WITH PREDONISOLONE AND URINASTATIN FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (1988)

Four cases of Crohn's disease (CD), two of ulcerative colitis (UC) and one of intestinal Behçet's disease (IB) at active stage were subjected to combination intraarterial injection therapy with steroid (ST) and urinastatin (UST). These agents have reciprocal physiological actions and anti-inflammatory actions with different mechanisms in vivo.A mixture of ST (soluble predonisolone: 10-20 mg) UST (100, 000-200, 000 unit) was injected into the superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery or both, depending on the inflammatory sites of the intestinal canal, by the Sledinger method. Comparison of activity indices (CD: Dutch A.I. and UC: Truelove A.I.) before and 10 days after the treatment revealed that the combined therapy was remarkably effective in one case of CD, effective in three cases of CD, effective in one case of IB and remarkably effective in both cases of UC.Two cases of CD and one of IB received enterectomy for stenosis and external fistula, respectively. The present combined therapy was remarkably effective in one of the two cases of CD and effective in the other, it was effective in the case of IB.