gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anomalous size dependence of degenerate four-wave mixing due to double resonance of internal field and third-order susceptibility (2001)

The degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) of weakly confined excitons in a mesoscopic thin film is studied by means of the nonlocal theory of nonlinear response, where the self-consistency between the induced polarization and the radiation field is considered. As a result, it is elucidated that the DFWM signal is greatly strengthened due to the double resonance of the internal field and the energy denominators of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)},$ affecting both the incident and signal beams, and that the enhanced nonlinear response is originated from the transition associated with the nondipole type polarization pattern. The result clearly shows that the consideration of the nonlocal and self-consistent description of the response field is essential, which is in a striking contrast to the nonlinear response described in the long wavelength approximation.
Rheological properties of viscoelastic surfactant systems (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRheological properties of viscoelastic surfactant systemsH. Rehage and H. HoffmannCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 16, 4712–4719Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100327a031https://doi.org/10.1021/j100327a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3409Altmetric-Citations617LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Bottom emitting 1.3 μm BH-FP laser with integrated 45° reflector and monitor photodiode (2003)

We realized for the first time by a complete monolithic integration a bottom emitting laser OEIC including laser, monitor photodiode, and prism for SMT-packaging. This approach with the fabrication of the laser and reflection mirrors in full wafer technology exploits additionally the cost efficient advantages of on wafer facet preparation and on-wafer characterization.
Resistance to Murine Leukemia in Mice Rejecting Syngeneic Somatic Hybrid Cells (1976)

(A/J X C3H/HeJ) F1 mice reject somatic cell hybrids of ASL-1 cells (A origin) and LM(TK)- cells (C3H origin), but die from leukemia within 10 days after the inoculation of approximately 10(6) viable ASL-1 cells. Mice rejecting hybrid cells survive for prolonged periods after challenge with otherwise lethal numbers of ASL-1 cells. The hybrid cells, rejected by syngeneic F1 recipients, retained their oncogenic potential as determined by the appearance and progressive growth of tumors in immunologically deficient nu/nu mice injected with the cells. Similar results were obtained using hybrids of a radiation-induced cell line (RADA-1), maintained by serial transfer in strain A mice and LM(TK)- cells. Syngeneic mice injected with RADA-1 X LM(TK)- cells failed to form tumors. Mice rejecting RADA-1 X LM(TK)- hybrid cells survived for prolonged periods after challenge with otherwise lethal numbers of RADA-1 cells.
The detection of impact damage in composite pressure vessels using source location acoustic monitoring (1995)

This paper presents an acoustic emission (AE) technique for the inspection of impact damage in composite cylinders. The acoustic emission system uses source location to identify the location of the emissions on the cylinder surface. This approach overcomes one of the major problems with conventional AE, namely the difficulty of separating real defect events from background noise. For the inspection of impact damage the fmt step was to identify the level of damage that resulted in a significant loss in the burst strength and this was accomplished through a mechanics of materials analysis and associated impact tests. After each impact test the cylinders were inspected with AE and the results show that the AE with source location approach was capable of detecting impact damage in these cylinders. '-'
Organoselenium chemistry. Conversion of ketones to enones by selenoxide syn elimination (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoselenium chemistry. Conversion of ketones to enones by selenoxide syn eliminationHans J. Reich, James M. Renga, and Ieva L. ReichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 19, 5434–5447Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00852a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00852a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6558Altmetric-Citations604LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Mechanisms for Biliary Phospholipid and Drug Efflux Mediated by ABCB4 and Bile Salts (2014)

On the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes, several ABC transporters are responsible for the secretion of bile lipids. Among them, ABCB4, also called MDR3, is essential for the secretion of phospholipids from hepatocytes into bile. The biliary phospholipids are associated with bile salts and cholesterol in mixed micelles, thereby reducing the detergent activity and cytotoxicity of bile salts and preventing cholesterol crystallization. Mutations in the ABCB4 gene result in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma. In vivo and cell culture studies have demonstrated that the secretion of biliary phospholipids depends on both ABCB4 expression and bile salts. In the presence of bile salts, ABCB4 located in nonraft membranes mediates the efflux of phospholipids, preferentially phosphatidylcholine. Despite high homology with ABCB1, ABCB4 expression cannot confer multidrug resistance. This review summarizes our current understanding of ABCB4 functions and physiological relevance, and discusses the molecular mechanism for the ABCB4-mediated efflux of phospholipids.
A continuous and self regulating method for making copper powder by electrolysis (1975)

An improved method for making copper powder by electrolytic process has been described. In this method, deposited copper powder separates out automatically with the help of addition reagent and no additional operation for removing the powder from the cathode is required. The method permits an easy control over the powder characteristics. The effect of copper concentration, current density and temperature over current efficiency has also been discussed. (Shri S.K. Singh, Senior Scientific Assistant, and Shri D.D. Akerkar, Scientist, National Metallurgical Laboratory)
Calculation of X-ray grid characteristics by Monte Carlo methods (1982)

The performance of x-ray grids has generally been evaluated experimentally. A theoretical method has been developed by which photon histories are generated by Monte Carlo methods. The probability of penetrating the grid is calculated for each photon escaping from the object towards the detector. The scatter transmission of the grid is determined as the average of these individual probabilities. Results for linear and cross grids are in good agreement with measurements. The method is applicable to arbitrary irradiation and grid parameters. The dependence of scatter transmission values on the irradiation parameters is shown. Grids with linear and zigzag strip patterns are compared in order to demonstrate that even grids that cannot at present be manufactured can nevertheless be evaluated.
Temperature and composition dependence of the tetragonal-orthorhombic distortion in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

We have mapped the temperature and composition dependence of the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase-transition temperature ${T}_{d}$ in the high-temperature superconductor ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ using high-resolution powder x-ray diffraction and measurements of the thermal expansion. The maximum volume fraction of ideal diamagnetism occurs in the composition range where ${T}_{d}$ is approaching the superconducting transition. In the composition range x>0.20 where no orthorhombic distortion is observed above 12 K, no bulk superconductivity is observed in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$.
Cardiac Resuscitation and Neurologic Tolerance to Anoxia (1956)

Complete inflow stasis of the heart was associated with less central nervous system damage, if the heart was resuscitated with massage. Ventricular fibrillation did not occur during the period of circulatory arrest, but it was seen occasionally after the heart filled. Its incidence was increased by the use of Adrenalin and by allowing the heart to recover without massage. The administration of various doses of heparin had no effect on the Degrees of brain damage resulting from interruption of the circulation.
Comparison of single- and dual-photon absorptiometry in postmenopausal bone mineral loss. (1985)

We describe a single photon absorptiometric (SPA) technique, which enables differential estimation of the rates of loss from trabecular and cortical bone. Ten scans are obtained in the forearm: six in an area with about 7% trabecular bone and four scans in the adjacent distal area with a trabecular bone content of 25%. By comparing bone masses of these two sites in 19 postmenopausal and 53 premenopausal women, the postmenopausal trabecular bone loss was estimated to be approximately seven times greater than cortical loss within the first years of cessation of regular vaginal bleeding. On a group basis the bone loss at the distal forearm scan site (by SPA) corresponded closely to the spinal bone loss (by dual-photon absorptiometry). The reproducibility of the two scan sites in the forearm was 1-1.5% (CV%), which makes the method suitable for longitudinal studies. Corrections for variations in fatty tissue covering can be made without deterioration of the reproducibility. The high precision can only be achieved with a good calibration procedure; if calibration is not done the reproducibility error increases two- or threefold.
<b>Effects of Heating with Radiofrequency Power on Myocardial Impulse Conduction</b>: Is Radiofrequency Ablation Exclusively Thermally Mediated? (1996)

These findings provide evidence suggesting that the electrophysiologic effects of RF ablation are exclusively thermally mediated and are otherwise unrelated to the dissipation of high-frequency current.
DCT-based image-independent digital watermarking (2000)

Digital watermarking is a technique to protect intellectual property in digital form by embedding an invisible signal (watermark) into the original audio, image and video. In this paper, a frequency domain watermarking method for a still image is proposed. It is based on the discrete cosine transform. By making good use of the characteristics of the original image, a visually recognizable binary watermark is generated from the image and then embedded into the image. During watermarking, the techniques of image segmentation and pseudo-random permutation are used so as to be compatible with the JPEG compression standard and enhance the robustness. The method presented in this paper is image-independent and it is sensitive to luminance and contrast alteration. Experimental results show that the method is feasible and a threshold of the normalized coefficient is given to judge whether the image is changed.
Bus passenger Origin-Destination Matrix estimation using Automated Data Collection systems (2006)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.
Wavelength-selective Beam Splitters with Minimum Polarizing Effects for Wavelength-division Multiplexing in Optical Communication Systems (1981)

A new method of designing dielectric edge filters for wavelength-selective optical tapping elements based on the beam splitter concept relies on the analysis of the envelope of the reflectance for the beam components oscillating normal and parallel to the plane of incidence in the passband of the filter. Despite the 45° angle of incidence of the beam, the strong polarizing effects usually encountered are almost entirely avoided for the two wavelengths that are to be demultiplexed. A number of multilayer stack designs of the type S(H/2 L H/2) k S are described in which the ideal reflectance Rs = Rp = 0 is realized for the s and p components at the wavelength to be passed, while the desired value Rs≈Rp≈1 is realized for the wavelength to be rejected.
ABSORPTION IN A ROTATING-DISK GAS-LIQUID CONTACTOR (1972)

Rates of oxygen absorption into water were studied in a rotating-disk gas-liquid contactor, in which liquid films were formed on the surface of disks rotating around the horizontal axis. When plain disks were used, values of the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient kL were lower than those predicted from the penetration model. However, with disks made of appropriate wire mesh, kL, values agreed quite well with prediction by the penetration model for the range of gas-liquid contact time from 0.2 to 1.5 seconds.This type of gas-liquid contactor equipped with wire mesh disks seems to be a useful apparatus for studies of liquid-phase mass transfer in gas absorption.
MxiC is secreted by and controls the substrate specificity of the <i>Shigella flexneri</i> type III secretion apparatus (2008)

Many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria use a type III secretion (T3S) system to interact with cells of their hosts. Mechanisms controlling the hierarchical addressing of needle subunits, translocators and effectors to the T3S apparatus (T3SA) are still poorly understood. We investigated the function of MxiC, the member of the YopN/InvE/SepL family in the Shigella flexneri T3S system. Inactivation of mxiC led specifically to a deregulated secretion of effectors (including IpaA, IpgD, IcsB, IpgB2, OspD1 and IpaHs), but not of translocators (IpaB and IpaC) and proteins controlling the T3SA structure or activity (Spa32 and IpaD). Expression of effector-encoding genes controlled by the activity of the T3SA and the transcription activator MxiE was increased in the mxiC mutant, as a consequence of the increased secretion of the MxiE anti-activator OspD1. MxiC is a T3SA substrate and its ability to be secreted is required for its function. By using co-purification assays, we found that MxiC can associate with the Spa47 ATPase, which suggests that MxiC might prevent secretion of effectors by blocking the T3SA from the inside. Although with a 10-fold reduced efficiency compared with the wild-type strain, the mxiC mutant was still able to enter epithelial cells.
Isolation of 9-Dihydro-13-acetylbaccatin III from Taxus canadensis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of 9-Dihydro-13-acetylbaccatin III from Taxus canadensisGeewananda P. Gunawardana, Usha Premachandran, Neal S. Burres, David N. Whittern, Rodger Henry, Stephen Spanton, and James B. McAlpineCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 11, 1686–1689Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50089a022https://doi.org/10.1021/np50089a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DBU Derived Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Organic Synthetic Reactions (2011)

With the continuing depletion of natural resources and the growing environmental awareness, current and future chemists are being trained to develop synthetic routes in economically beneficial manner. One strategy to realize these green processes in organic synthesis is the replacement of toxic volatile organic solvents with environmentally more benign reaction mediums. Among the novel green solvents that have been reported, ionic liquids (ILs) have been one of the most active areas of green chemistry over the past decade, due to their excellent chemical and thermo properties such as good thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, ease of handling, potential for recycling, good coordinating and dissolving capability. Thus, ILs were widely used in various organic transformations However, most of the ILs studied by chemists are structurally based on imidazole which is inert for organic reactions. So the need for the developments of novel task-specific ionic liquids still exists. On the other hand, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octakydropyrimido [1,2-]azep -ine, DBU) was found to be superior to other tertiary amines as catalyst, base or promoter. For example, using DBU as catalyst for Balylis-Hillman reaction and aza-Michael addition was reported by Aggarwal and Kim respectively DBU-mediated CO2-fixation reaction Considering the special role that DBU played in organic synthesis, ionic liquids with a DBU moisture (Scheme 1) were developed Because of its large size, low symmetry of cationic moiety and charge delocalization over the N-C=N triad render these type of ionic liquids low melting points. However, the salts in Scheme 1 are inert and can only been used as reaction solvents. Then, we attempted to develop a new class of task-specific DBU-derived ionic liquids which could not only serve as reaction medium but also as catalyst or promotor. The preparation of the five novel ILs can be simply realized by neutralization reaction of DBU and the corresponding carboxyl acids, including acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid (Scheme2) (Ying et al., 2009; Among these ILs, [DBU][Tfa] www.intechopen.com
Antimicrobial Chitosan‐Lysozyme (CL) Films and Coatings for Enhancing Microbial Safety of Mozzarella Cheese (2007)

This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of chitosan-lysozyme (CL) composite films and coatings against tested microorganisms inoculated onto the surface of Mozzarella cheese. CL film-forming solutions (FFS) with a pH of 4.4 to 4.5 were prepared by incorporating 0% or 60% lysozyme (per dry weight of chitosan) into chitosan FFS with or without a pH adjustment to 5.2. Sliced cheese was subjected to 3 CL package applications: film, lamination on a multilayer coextruded film, and coating. Cheese was inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10(4) CFU/g, or with mold and yeast at 10(2) CFU/g. Inoculated cheese was individually vacuum packaged and stored at 10 degrees C for sampling at 1, 7, and 14 d for bacteria, and at 10, 20, and 30 d for fungi. Inoculated bacteria survived but failed to multiply in untreated cheese during storage. Treated cheese received 0.43- to 1.25-, 0.40- to 1.40-, and 0.32- to 1.35-log reductions in E. coli, P. fluorescens, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Incorporation of 60% lysozyme in chitosan FFS showed greater antimicrobial effect than chitosan alone on P. fluorescens and L. monocytogenes. The pH adjustment only affected the antimicrobial activity on L. monocytogenes, with lower pH (unadjusted) showing greater antimicrobial effect than pH 5.2. Mold and yeast increased to 10(5) CFU/g in untreated cheese after 30 d storage. Growth of mold was completely inhibited in cheese packaged with CL films, while 0.24- to 1.90- and 0.06- to 0.50-log reductions in mold populations were observed in cheese packaged with CL-laminated films and coatings, respectively. All CL packaging applications resulted in 0.01- to 0.64-log reduction in yeast populations.
Wide-Band QAM-Over-Fiber Using Phase Modulation and Interferometric Demodulation (2004)

Transmission of microwave quadrature amplitude modulation over an all-Raman 105-km fiber-optic link is demonstrated. The link employs optical phase modulation and single-port interferometric demodulation to deliver up to 6 Gb/s in a single channel.