gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties of amorphous rare-earth–cobalt alloys (1980)

The magnetic properties of several amorphous alloys prepared by melt spinning have been studied. These comprise alloys of the series Tb1−xCox, Y1−xCox (0.25⩽x⩽0.60), and R69Co31 (R=La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er). Most of the alloys in which the R component has an orbital momentum were found to exhibit large intrinsic coercive forces at low temperatures. The thermomagnetic history effects studied on several of these alloys have been interpreted in terms of a thermally activated magnetization process. The magnetic ordering temperatures of the series R69Co31 scale to the deGennes factor (g−1)2J(J+1) only approximatley. The systematic deviations suggest that the indirect magnetic coupling between the localized 4 f moments involves a term proportional to Si⋅Lj in addition to the main term, proportional to Si⋅Sj .
ChemInform Abstract: Siliconorganic Bisdiallyl Derivatives of Isocyanuric Acid. (1986)

Abstract Das Natriumsalz der Bis‐diallylisocyanursäure (I) wird mit Dimethyldichlorsilan (II) zu dem Silyl‐bis‐ (diallylisocyanurat) (III) kondensiert.
Shiitake Mushrooms Consumption, Production and Cultivation (1985)

Production and consumption of the shiitake mushroom has increased steadily since 1945. Interdisciplinary research has facilitated these increases. Japan, the major producer, accounts for nearly 83% of the total world production. Over 60% of the total world production is dried before consumption. In Taiwan, South Korea, and China, nearly all shiitake mushrooms are used in the dried form. Most shiitake are produced on natural logs. However, many farms in the USA, Taiwan, Canada, and Singapore are now producing shiitake on synthetic substrate. The main advantages of synthetic log cultivation over the natural log method are time and efficiency.
A Fast Rate-Distortion Optimization Algorithm for H.264/AVC (2007)

In H.264/AVC video coding standard, rate distortion optimization (RDO) is a very efficient technique to decide the coding mode of the macroblock and improves the coding performance greatly. But at the same time, RDO introduces a great deal of computation complexity because it needs to do the transform and entropy coding to get accurate distortion and bit-rate to calculate the Lagrange cost. In order to avoid the expensive computational cost, in this paper , a simple and accurate bit estimation model is proposed and used in RDO scheme. Combined with distortion measure method in transform domain and the fast intra mode RDO method, a lot of computation of RDO is reduced. Experimental results prove that our proposed fast RDO algorithm can reduce about 60% total encoding time and save about 76% computation time of RDO module with little degradation in coding performance.
Towards a high-efficiency micro-thermophotovoltaic generator (2010)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
Autoantibody production by severe combined immunodeficient mice reconstituted with synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients (1990)

In an attempt to characterize the heterogeneity of the human autoantibody response, mice with severe combined immunodeficiency were reconstituted with synovial or blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Mononuclear cells extracted from synovial fluid or tissue (SMC) were a greatly enriched source of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF)-producing cells compared to the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of rheumatoid arthritis patients or normal donors. Six to nine weeks after reconstitution of mice with synovial mononuclear cells, 0%-39.3% (mean = 11.4%) of total IgM consisted of IgM RF compared to 0%-0.15% (mean = 0.02%) in mice given RA PBMC and 0%-1.2% (mean = 0.34%) in mice given normal PBMC. Detectable levels of IgM RF were maintained in some mice for as long as 20 weeks after transfer. Mice reconstituted with synovial membrane or synovial fluid lymphocytes produced a heterogeneous mixture of immunoglobulins. These included other autoantibodies, such as anti-nuclear and anti-cytoplasmic antibodies, and antibodies to exogenous antigens such as the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1). This heterogeneity is further illustrated by the demonstration that the sera from mice given synovial cells also contained IgG antibodies possessing all three major VH families (VH1, VH3 and VH4) and the four major V kappa families (V kappa 1 to V kappa 4). Autoantibody production gradually decreased with time even under circumstances where total immunoglobulin levels increased, and elevated production could not be induced by antigenic stimulation. These findings describe a new model for the analysis of human autoantibody production.
The Efficacy of Bone Replacement Grafts in the Treatment of Periodontal Osseous Defects. A Systematic Review (2003)

1. With respect to the treatment of intrabony defects, the results of meta-analysis supported the following conclusions: 1) bone grafts increase bone level, reduce crestal bone loss, increase clinical attachment level, and reduce probing depth compared to open flap debridement (OFD) procedures; 2) No differences in clinical outcome measures emerge between particulate bone allograft and calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) ceramic grafts; and 3) bone grafts in combination with barrier membranes increase clinical attachment level and reduce probing depth compared to graft alone. 2. With respect to the treatment of furcation defects, 15 controlled studies provided data on clinical outcomes. Insufficient studies of comparable design were available to submit data to meta-analysis. Nonetheless, outcome data from these studies generally indicated positive clinical benefits with the use of grafts in the treatment of Class II furcations. 3. With respect to histological outcome parameters, 2 randomized controlled studies provide evidence that demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) supports the formation of a new attachment apparatus in intrabony defects, whereas OFD results in periodontal repair characterized primarily by the formation of a long junctional epithelial attachment. Multiple observational studies provide consistent histological evidence that autogenous and demineralized allogeneic bone grafts support the formation of new attachment. Limited data also suggest that xenogenic bone grafts can support the formation of a new attachment apparatus. In contrast, essentially all available data indicate that alloplastic grafts support periodontal repair rather than regeneration. 4. The results of this systematic review indicate that bone replacement grafts provide demonstrable clinical improvements in periodontal osseous defects compared to surgical debridement alone.
Noncanonical cytoplasmic processing of viral microRNAs (2010)

Cellular utilization of RNA interference (RNAi) as a mechanism to combat virus infection is thought to be restricted to plants and invertebrates. In vertebrates, antiviral defenses are largely dependent on interferons (IFNs), with the use of small RNAs restricted to microRNA (miRNA)-mediated targeting of host transcripts. Here we demonstrate that incorporation of a primary miRNA into a cytoplasmic virus results in the formation of a Dicer-dependent, DGCR8-independent, mature miRNA capable of conferring RNAi-like activity. Processing of the viral mirtron-like product (virtron) is indistinguishable from endogenous miRNA maturation and elicits post-transcriptional gene silencing, albeit at a reduced level. Furthermore, virtrons impose Dicer-dependent, microprocessor-independent, and IFN-independent interference on virus replication in a sequence-specific manner. Taken together, these results suggest the existence of a noncanonical, small-RNA-based activity capable of processing cytoplasmic hairpins and perhaps contributing to the cell's antiviral arsenal.
WS Binder (2006)

The rapid diffusion of service-oriented systems is becoming a reality in today's software engineering. In particular, an aspect that is gathering the interest of researchers and practitioners is the possibility to create compositions of dynamically bound services. This paper describes WS Binder, a framework for enabling dynamic binding of service compositions according to some functional and non-functional preferences and/or constraints. The framework is also able to support run-time recovery actions, by performing service re-binding. The paper describes the framework's architecture and highlights its features by describing an example of its usage for the binding and re-binding of a service composition related to the tourism domain.
A Study on the Migration Characteristics of Cs-137 in a Packed Column (1990)

In this study the migration experiment using packed column with crushed tuff was conducted as a basic research to develop migration model of radionuclides through geologic media. The main emphasis was put on evaluating the validity of migration models. For this, two models were introduced: one is the model which is based on the assumption of instantaneous equilibrium reaction and the other the model based on kinetic process such as intraparticle diffusion. The coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion in packed column was determined using iodine as nonsorbing tracer. The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, D was shown to be 0.1110 /min under the condition of the column porosity of 0.483 and the average water velocity of 0.91510 cm/min. The distribution coefficient, Kd of Cs-137 on crushed tuff was 11.3 cc/g at the concentration of 210 M and the temperature of 2. The breakthrough curve of Cs-137 through packed column was shown to have an asymmetric curve in which long trailing tail appears at the end part of the curve. The results obtained from the comparison of introduced models with experimental data indicated that the mass transfer model with intraparticle diffusion as rate-controlling step simulated the behaviors of Cs-137 migration more adequately, when compared with the bulk reaction model in which the assumption of instantaneous equilibrium reaction was maded. Consequently, the intraparticle diffusion was found to be an important factor in the migration of Cs-137 through packed column.n.
A note protesting the betrayal of our social work heritage (1995)

Abstract Social work has a rich store of practice knowledge accumulated over the past sixty years. There is a danger that an important part of this knowledge, that pertaining to the long-term support of various vulnerable client groups will be lost. This is due, largely, to the failure of Social Services Departments - the major employer of social workers - to provide structural and managerial support for this type of work. However, the author reports some interest from the United States where some social workers undertaking the continuing support of long-term sufferers from psychosis have found a useful conceptual basis for their work in the writings of Clare and D.W. Winnicott. Although the interest from America is welcome it does not reflect well on the current state of British social work
Soft Ferrite Material by Powder Injection Molding Process for Power Electronics (2020)

The current trend toward the rise in the operating frequency in power electronics allows a dramatic miniaturization of power converters but requires reliable passive components. Spinel ferrites could be appropriate magnetic materials for transformers and inductors, within the range 0.5-5 MHz, providing that power core loss, enhanced by the frequency rise, remains low. This work investigates the opportunity to shape magnetic cores by powder injection molding (PIM), while keeping a low power dissipation in components. It paves the way for designing new core geometries incorporating additional functions such as thermal management. A commercial Mn-Zn granulated ferrite powder was used in this study. The densification state of the ferrite feedstock (wax binder system) was investigated after injection and debinding in samples (ring-shaped cores) sintered with different temperatures: 1140 °C/4 h, 1145 °C/4 h, 1150 °C/4 h, 1155 °C/4 h, and 1160 °C/4 h. A Low carbon content (<; 100 ppm) was confirmed by Instrumental Gas Analysis (IGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the spinel phase formation was fully achieved after sintering. Core losses data (from 100 to 900 kHz at 50 mT) at different temperature (from room to 110 °C) were analyzed by separating the contributions of the hysteresis (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</sub> ~ A.f), eddy current (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> ~ B.f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), and residual (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ~ C. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fn,</sup> with n > 2) losses. The evolution of the total power losses (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) for toroids made by PIM was compared to the ones of samples fabricated by uniaxial compression (UC). It appears that the losses by hysteresis were always lower for PIM than for UC, whereas it was the opposite for eddy current and residual losses. Microstructural analyses showed that open porosity plays an important role in this behavior.
Imidazoline Receptors and Their Endogenous Ligands (1996)

Imidazoline (I) receptors constitute a family of nonadrenergic high-affinity binding sites for clonidine, idazoxan, and allied drugs. One major subclass, the I1 receptors, whose subcellular distribution and signal transduction mechanisms are uncertain, partly mediates the central hypotensive actions of clonidine-like drugs. The I2 receptors, another subclass, are mitochondrial, not G protein coupled, and have diversified functions. Several endogenous ligands for I receptors, collectively termed clonidine-displacing substances (CDSs), have been detected in tissues and serum, but the structure of only one, agmatine (decarboxylated arginine), is known. Agmatine, widely distributed and bioactive, binds, like clonidine, to alpha 2-adrenergic and I receptors of all subclasses. The presence of agmatine and its biosynthetic enzyme in synaptosomes and specific neuronal pathways as well as serum suggests that it may be a novel neurotransmitter/hormone. Another CDS that binds to I receptors and to antibodies to imidazoline drugs has been detected, but its structure is unknown.
Femtosecond IR Study of Excited-State Relaxation and Electron-Injection Dynamics of Ru(dcbpy)<sub>2</sub>(NCS)<sub>2</sub> in Solution and on Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films (1999)

The photophysics and electron injection dynamics of Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 [dcbpy = (4,4‘-dicarboxy-2,2‘-bipyridine)] (or Ru N3) in solution and adsorbed on nanocrystalline Al2O3 and TiO2 thin films were studied by femtosecond mid-IR spectroscopy. For Ru N3 in ethanol after 400 nm excitation, the long-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited state with CN stretching bands at 2040 cm-1 was formed in less than 100 fs. No further decay of the excited-state absorption was observed within 1 ns consistent with the previously known 59 ns lifetime. For Ru N3 absorbed on Al2O3, an insulating substrate, the 3MLCT state was also formed in less than 100 fs. In contrast to Ru N3 in ethanol, this excited state decayed by 50% within 1 ns via multiple exponential decay while no ground-state recovery was observed. This decay is attributed to electron transfer to surface states in the band gap of Al2O3 nanoparticles. For Ru N3 adsorbed onto the surface of TiO2, the transient mid-IR signal was dominated by the IR absorption of injected electrons in TiO2 in the 1700−2400 cm-1 region. The rise time of the IR signal can be fitted by biexponential rise functions: 50 ± 25 fs (>84%) and 1.7 ± 0.5 ps (<16%) after deconvolution of instrument response function determined in a thin silicon wafer. Because of the scattering of the pump photon in the porous TiO2 thin film, the instrument response may be slightly lengthened, which may require a faster rise time for the first component to fit the data. The first component is assigned to the electron injection from the Ru N3 excited state to TiO2. The amplitude of the slower component appears to vary with samples ranging from ca. 16% in new samples to <5% in aged samples. The subsequent dynamics of the injected electrons have also been monitored by the decay of the IR signal. The observed 20% decay in amplitude within 1 ns was attributed to electron trapping dynamics in the thin films.
Co-Design and Demonstration of a 25-Gb/s Silicon-Photonic Mach–Zehnder Modulator With a CMOS-Based High-Swing Driver (2016)

This paper discusses the design considerations of Silicon-based Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) transmitters, consisting of the design of a Si-Photonic MZI modulator and a CMOS-based modulator driver. III-V and silicon-photonic MZMs are compared with respect to electrode design, driving scheme, and velocity matching. A 25-Gb/s hybrid-integrated silicon photonic MZM transmitter is then demonstrated, composed of a 65-nm bulk-CMOS driver directly wire bonded to a 180-nm SOI-CMOS MZM. The driver employs push-pull unit cells to save approximately 40% dc power while delivering 6.4 VPP differential swing to the modulator. Multiple driver cells are distributed along artificial on-chip transmission-lines, extending the bandwidth by 6 times. The lateral PN-interleaved MZM is designed and optimally biased to reach a balance of high-speed with acceptable optical extinction ratio (ER). Experimental results show that the fully assembled Si-Photonic transmitter (including PCB and wire-bonding losses) achieves approximately 11-GHz bandwidth, 6.4 VPP differential output swing, clean 25-Gb/s optical eye diagrams with 4-dB ER, and 520-mW dc power.
Highly porous 3D nanofiber scaffold using an electrospinning technique (2006)

A successful 3D tissue-engineering scaffold must have a highly porous structure and good mechanical stability. High porosity and optimally designed pore size provide structural space for cell accommodation and migration and enable the exchange of nutrients between the scaffold and environment. Poly(epsilon-carprolactone) fibers were electrospun using an auxiliary electrode and chemical blowing agent (BA), and characterized according to porosity, pore size, and their mechanical properties. We also investigated the effect of the BA on the electrospinning processability. The growth characteristic of human dermal fibroblasts cells cultured in the webs showed the good adhesion with the blown web relative to a normal electrospun mat. The blown nanofiber web had good tensile properties and high porosity compared to a typical electrospun nanofiber scaffold.
CURRENT URINARY MASS SCREENING FOR CATECHOLAMINE METABOLITES AT 6 MONTHS OF AGE MAY BE DETECTING ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF HIGH-RISK NEUROBLASTOMAS: A CHROMOSOME AND N-<i>myc</i> AMPLIFICATION STUDY (1991)

We studied 96 infants and children with untreated neuroblastomas. Chromosomes of tumor cells were analyzed in 68, and N-myc copy numbers were determined in 67 patients. Patients found by a mass screening program for 6-month-old infants (group A1, 39 patients) or those less than 12 months of age found clinically (group A2, 13 patients) were rarely in the disseminated stage . . . . . . Most tumors found by the screening showed known characteristics predicting a good prognosis, and the majority of tumors showing characteristics predicting a poor prognosis were found in patients aged between 12 and 36 months. Our chromosome and N-myc amplification studies suggest that a low-risk tumor does not usually evolve to a high-risk tumor. Thus the current mass screening program may be detecting only a small portion of highly malignant neuroblastomas at the earliest stage. Infants should be screened twice, at 6 months as well as at 12 months of age, for the early detection of high-risk neuroblastomas.
High-dimensional sequence transduction (2013)

We investigate the problem of transforming an input sequence into a high-dimensional output sequence in order to transcribe polyphonic audio music into symbolic notation. We introduce a probabilistic model based on a recurrent neural network that is able to learn realistic output distributions given the input and we devise an efficient algorithm to search for the global mode of that distribution. The resulting method produces musically plausible transcriptions even under high levels of noise and drastically outperforms previous state-of- the-art approaches on five datasets of synthesized sounds and real recordings, approximately halving the test error rate.
Psychophysics of reading. III. A fiberscope low-vision reading aid. (1985)

Existing reading aids providing magnification in excess of 6X (24 diopters) are awkward to use, expensive, or not portable. The authors have developed a new type of reading aid, a low-resolution fiberscope, that provides magnification up to 40X (160 diopters), and is easy to use, inexpensive, and portable. The fiberscope consists of an objective-lens assembly, a flexible bundle of optical fibers, and an eyepiece that together transmit an image from the page to the reader's eye. Complete construction details are included. The design is based on the authors' previous findings that reading requires a field of only four characters and a resolution of only 2 cycles/character. After only half an hour of training, a diverse group of low-vision readers read with the fiberscope at rates between 12 and 95 words/minute. Low-vision readers with central field loss had a median reading rate of only 18 words/min, whereas those with intact central fields had a median reading rate of 67 words/min, not far short of the median rate of 73 words/min for normal readers using the fiberscope. This is consistent with the authors' previous findings that low-vision readers with central field loss read much more slowly than those with intact central fields, even when optimal magnification is provided. The authors conclude that the fiberscope may be very useful as an inexpensive portable reading aid for people requiring high magnification.
Mass Flow Metering (1972)

Mass flow measurement has many real advantages over volumetric measurement, particularly for gas flows. True and inferential methods of measuring mass flow are compared and true methods found to be significantly better. Of the different methods of measuring true mass flow, the axial flow transverse momentum method is shown to be particularly well suited to industrial application. A short outline of the history of the Black, Sivalls and Bryson Mass Flowmeter, which uses this principle, is given and it is shown that a very considerable amount of development and industrial trials were required before the meter achieved its present position where many large users of it are very satisfied with it. The results of extensive trials with the meter and of the subsequent use of 28 meters in ICI's Petrochemicals Division are presented and it is shown that the meters have given reliable service and shown good repeatability resulting in much improved material balances. The availability of suitable calibration facilities is reviewed and an indication given of likely further developments in this field.