gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the energy-efficiency of transport layer protocols in a battery-powered wireless mesh networks (2012)

Wireless mesh networks have been shown to be an appropriate technology for rural areas. However, in most African countries, electricity is scarce in rural areas. A candidate solution to the power-constraint problem in these areas is the use of solar/battery-powered nodes. Different protocols at different layers have varying effects on the energy consumption of the nodes. However, it is not clear how these protocols affect the energy consumption of a battery-powered node in a testbed environment. This paper evaluates the influence of TCP and UDP on the lifetime of battery-powered nodes when subjected to different transmission power levels and payload sizes. An indoor testbed evaluation shows that UDP at maximum transmission power with minimum payload performs best with regards to the node lifetime, TCP at maximum payload with maximum transmission power performs best with regards to packet delivery ratio and throughput and TCP at maximum transmission power with minimum payload consumes the least transmission energy. (6 pages)
Joint Acoustic and Modulation Frequency (2003)

There is a considerable evidence that our perception of sound uses important features which is related to underlying signal modulations. This topic has been studied extensively via perceptual experiments, yet there are few, if any, well-developed signal processing methods which capitalize on or model these effects. We begin by summarizing evidence of the importance of modulation representations from psychophysical, physiological, and other sources. The concept of a two-dimensional joint acoustic and modulation frequency representation is proposed. A simple single sinusoidal amplitude modulator of a sinusoidal carrier is then used to illustrate properties of an unconstrained and ideal joint representation. Added constraints are required to remove or reduce undesired interference terms and to provide invertibility. It is then noted that the constraints would also apply to more general and complex cases of broader modulation and carriers. Applications in single-channel speaker separation and in audio coding are used to illustrate the applicability of this joint representation. Other applications in signal analysis and filtering are suggested.
Unexpected stereoacuity following surgical correction of long-standing horizontal strabismus. (1993)

Eight patients with long-standing large-angle constant tropias unexpectedly achieved stereoacuity (40 seconds of arc in six patients and 60 seconds of arc in two patients) following strabismus surgery. There are few reports in the literature documenting this finding. The authors found that if excellent postoperative alignment can be achieved in patients with good bilateral visual acuity, some of these patients will demonstrate high-grade stereoacuity even if the preoperative findings suggest this outcome to be unlikely.
Deliberate Donor-specific Blood Transfusions Prior to Living Related Renal Transplantation (1980)

In order to select MLC incompatible one-haplotype related donor-recipient pairs that would achieve better graft survival and in an effort to alter the recipient immune response, 45 patients received three fresh blood transfuions from their prospective kidney donors. Recipient sensitization was evaluated by cross-match testing weekly sera obtained during and after the blood transfusions against donor T- and B-lymphocytes at 5 C (cold) and 37 C (warm). Thirteen (29%) of the 45 potential related recipients developed a positive warm T-cell cross-match or a persistent warm B-cell cross-match to their blood donor and related transplantation was not performed. Thirty-two (71%) patients had an appropriate negative cross-match to their blood donor. Thirty of these patients subsequently received kidneys from their blood donor. Ninety-seven per cent of the kidneys are functioning from one to 25 months with a single graft failure due to a patient discontinuing immunosuppressive medication. In addition to the excellent graft survival there was an unusually low incidence of rejection episodes in the recipients of kidneys from their blood donor so that the posttransplant course paralleled that of HLA-identical siblings. This approach may have future application with two-haplotype mismatched donor-recipient pairs, both related and unrelated.
Increased yield of a desired isomer by equilibriums displacement on binding to silica gel, applied to meso-tetrakis(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIncreased yield of a desired isomer by equilibriums displacement on binding to silica gel, applied to meso-tetrakis(o-aminophenyl)porphyrinJonathan LindseyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 25, 5215Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01313a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01313a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views869Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Variable Compression Ratio Engine Development (1964)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the theory, mechanical execution, and development of an automatic, hydraulically-actuated piston that provides a practical method of obtaining a variable compression ratio engine. When applied to compression-ignition engines, an increase in output of 50% (0.5 to 0.75 bhp/cu in.) has been achieved without a corresponding increase in maximum combustion pressure. By providing a high compression ratio for starting and light load conditions, the engine has demonstrated substantial improvements in cold starting ability as well as improved potential for multifuel operation.</div>
Nonstereospecific Diels-Alder reactions. I. Reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with 1,2-disubstituted ethylenes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonstereospecific Diels-Alder reactions. I. Reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with 1,2-disubstituted ethylenesVictor MarkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 21, 3179–3181Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00935a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00935a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Proposed Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (1981)

Offered here for public comment, this proposed standard facilitates transportation of numerically oriented programs and encourages development of high-quality numerical software.
MEMS segmented-based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2011)

The performance of a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system) segmented deformable mirror was evaluated in an adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The tested AO mirror (Iris AO, Inc, Berkeley, CA) is composed of 37 hexagonal segments that allow piston/tip/tilt motion up to 5 μm stroke and ±5 mrad angle over a 3.5 mm optical aperture. The control system that implements the closed-loop operation employs a 1:1 matched 37-lenslet Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor whose measurements are used to apply modal corrections to the deformable mirror. After a preliminary evaluation of the AO mirror optical performance, retinal images from 4 normal subjects over a 0.9°x0.9° field size were acquired through a 6.4 mm ocular pupil, showing resolved retinal features at the cellular level. Cone photoreceptors were observed as close as 0.25 degrees from the foveal center. In general, the quality of these images is comparable to that obtained using deformable mirrors based on different technologies.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number is regulated in a tissue specific manner by DNA methylation of the nuclear-encoded DNA polymerase gamma A (2012)

DNA methylation is an essential mechanism controlling gene expression during differentiation and development. We investigated the epigenetic regulation of the nuclear-encoded, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase γ catalytic subunit (PolgA) by examining the methylation status of a CpG island within exon 2 of PolgA. Bisulphite sequencing identified low methylation levels (<10%) within exon 2 of mouse oocytes, blastocysts and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), while somatic tissues contained significantly higher levels (>40%). In contrast, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and somatic nuclear transfer ESCs were hypermethylated (>20%), indicating abnormal epigenetic reprogramming. Real time PCR analysis of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) immunoprecipitated DNA suggests active DNA methylation and demethylation within exon 2 of PolgA. Moreover, neural differentiation of ESCs promoted de novo methylation and demethylation at the exon 2 locus. Regression analysis demonstrates that cell-specific PolgA expression levels were negatively correlated with DNA methylation within exon 2 and mtDNA copy number. Finally, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) against RNA polymerase II (RNApII) phosphorylated on serine 2, we show increased DNA methylation levels are associated with reduced RNApII transcriptional elongation. This is the first study linking nuclear DNA epigenetic regulation with mtDNA regulation during differentiation and cell specialization.
The Complement System in Human Reproduction (1992)

Regulation of the complement system in reproduction is unique inasmuch as reproductive tissues represent the only condition where allogeneic interactions occur naturally. Both allogeneic extraembryonic membranes and semen that contact and interact with maternal cells and tissues must avert complement-mediated damage to ensure reproductive success. Several regulators of complement activation exist. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and decay accelerating factor (DAF) inactivate C3 and C5 convertases on cell surfaces. In addition, CD59 inhibits the membrane attack complex (MAC) of the complement cascade. Strong expression of these membrane glycoproteins by trophoblast and amniotic epithelium has been observed. MCP, DAF, and CD59 likely safeguard extraembryonic tissues from complement damage originating from maternal and fetal blood or amniotic fluid. Different reproductive tract fluids vary in complement levels. With the exception of ovarian follicular fluid, these levels are generally much less than those in blood. Endometrial and cervical content of C3 appear to be regulated by hormones. These observations suggest that the effects of complement activation may vary in reproductive tissues. MCP is absent from the surfaces of oocytes. Sperm express MCP and DAF in discrete areas that would not be associated with the known complement-regulatory functions of these proteins. Seminal plasma contains MCP and the MAC inhibitor SP-40,40 but not DAF.SP-40,40 may exemplify how complement-regulatory proteins perform alternative functions as it interacts with molecules other than complement components. We have reviewed aspects of the complement system that relate to allogeneic interactions in reproduction and that suggest fruitful areas for further research.
Purification and conformational properties of a human interferon α2b produced in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

Recombinant human interferon α2b was expressed intracellularly in Escherichia coli as insoluble aggregates using a new expression vector, and was purified to homogeneity using essentially two‐step chromatographic procedures, i.e. immobilized metal‐ion‐affinity chromatography and reversed‐phase HPLC. The established purification process is highly reproducible and leads to a total recovery of approx. 12% with a specific biological activity of higher than 1×10 8 i.u./mg of protein, which is comparable with the international requirement for interferon α2b. For purified protein we report conformational stability as a function of pH and temperature using differential scanning calorimetry and CD. Thermal unfolding as a function of pH showed only one endotherm at a temperature higher than 45 °C, and was reversible at pH 2–3.75 and irreversible at pH 4–10. At pH 7.0, the most stable condition, the conformational stability depends on protein concentration and ionic strength. The highly helical secondary structure is very conserved over the whole pH range studied, including at high temperatures.
Differentiation of ovine brown adipocyte precursor cells in a chemically defined serum‐free medium (1991)

The rapid apparent conversion of brown adipose tissue into white adipose tissue in newborn offspring of large mammals, such as sheep and cattle is not explained at the cellular level. To study the differentiation of lamb brown adipocyte, a genomic fragment corresponding to the uncoupling protein was cloned from an ovine DNA library. Stromal vascular fibroblasts isolated from the perirenal adipose tissue of newborn lambs completely differentiated into brown adipocytes expressing the uncoupling protein gene, in a chemically defined serum-free medium. Dexamethasone was necessary for the expression of the uncoupling protein gene. When stromal vascular fibroblasts were isolated from 3-week-old lambs, the glucocorticoid analog still promoted in vitro differentiation of adipocytes. However those adipocytes were unable to express uncoupling mRNA and could be considered as white adipocytes. The data indicate that dexamethasone is necessary but not sufficient clone for the complete differentiation of brown adipocytes, and that the preadipocytes are committed to differentiation into brown or white adipocytes before culture.
Sensitive single‐molecule protein quantification and protein complex detection in a microarray format (2011)

Abstract Single‐molecule protein analysis provides sensitive protein quantitation with a digital read‐out and is promising for studying biological systems and detecting biomarkers clinically. However, current single‐molecule platforms rely on the quantification of one protein at a time. Conventional antibody microarrays are scalable to detect many proteins simultaneously, but they rely on less sensitive and less quantitative quantification by the ensemble averaging of fluorescent molecules. Here, we demonstrate a single‐molecule protein assay in a microarray format enabled by an ultra‐low background surface and single‐molecule imaging. The digital read‐out provides a highly sensitive, low femtomolar limit of detection and four orders of magnitude of dynamic range through the use of hybrid digital‐analog quantification. From crude cell lysate, we measured levels of p53 and MDM2 in parallel, proving the concept of a digital antibody microarray for use in proteomic profiling. We also applied the single‐molecule microarray to detect the p53–MDM2 protein complex in cell lysate. Our study is promising for development and application of single‐molecule protein methods because it represents a technological bridge between single‐plex and highly multiplex studies.
Graphene bilayer field-effect phototransistor for terahertz and infrared detection (2009)

A graphene bilayer phototransistor (GBL-PT) is proposed and analyzed. The GBL-PT under consideration has the structure of a field-effect transistor with a GBL as the channel sandwiched between the back and the top gates. The positive bias of the back gate creates the conducting source and drain sections in the channel, while the negatively biased top gate provides the potential barrier which is controlled by the charge of the photogenerated holes. The features of the GBL-PT operation are associated with the variation in both the potential distribution and the energy gap in different sections of the channel when the gate voltages change. Using the developed GBL-PT device model, the spectral characteristics, dark current, responsivity, photoelectric gain, and detectivity are calculated as functions of the applied voltages, energy of incident photons, intensity of electron and hole scattering, and geometrical parameters. It is shown that the GBL-PT spectral characteristics are voltage tuned. The GBL-PT performance as a photodetector in the terahertz and infrared regions of the spectrum can markedly exceed the performance of other photodetectors.
Fabrication and testing of subminiature multi-sensor hot-wire probes (1989)

A method has been developed for fabrication of subminiature (0.6 mu m diameter, 200 mu m length) hot-wire sensors. Both single horizontal and X-array hot-wire probes have been produced and tested using methods which also may be applied to subminiature three-wire probes, vorticity probes, pulsed wires or temperature probes, and to sensors of larger diameter. Compared with conventional(2-5 mu m diameter) probes, manufacture of the subminiature probes is more complex, requiring special equipment and careful handling. Although fragile and sometimes prone to drift, the subminiature probes obeyed the same calibration laws as hot-wire probes of conventional size. Measurements of mean statistical quantities and spectra in a turbulent boundary layer demonstrate that, because of their improved spatial resolution, subminiature sensors can provide more accurate measurements in boundary layers than conventional-sized probes.
Multimedia Multiplexing Transport Protocol (2000)

Multimedia data has special requirements that are hard to be met on mobile hosts. Limited communication resources of mobile hosts can be offset by the simultaneous use of multiple link layer technologies. MMTP is a member of a suite of protocols that share the novel characteristic of aggregating bandwidth from multiple channels. MMTP is a rate-based protocol designed for transferring multimedia data on mobile systems, and makes simultaneous use of every communication channel available to send data at the required rate. Transmission in MMTP is governed by two mechanisms. The first is a set of rate control protocols associated with each outgoing channel. The second is a scheduling algorithm that places incoming packets on the appropriate channel. MMTP is link-layer aware protocol that uses bandwidth estimation for congestion control, and relays to the application information needed for rate adaptation.
Persistent glucose transporter expression on pancreatic beta cells from longstanding type 1 diabetic individuals (2011)

These data suggest that despite being subjected to multiple years of physiological stress, the remaining beta-cell population in longstanding T1D patients retains a capacity to sense glucose via its GLUTs.
Efficient Hydrolysis of RNA by a PNA – Diethylenetriamine Adduct (2000)

Die Einführung einer Harnstoffgruppe zur Verknüpfung einer geschützten Diethylentriamin(DETA)-Einheit mit der terminalen Aminogruppe eines harzgebundenen Peptidnucleinsäure(PNA)-Decamers führte zu einem PNA-DETA-Addukt (siehe Bild), das ein RNA-25mer rasch und sequenzspezifisch hydrolysiert.
The ARES Project: Cloud Services for Medical Genomics (2014)

This paper shows the cloud services provided by the project ARES. The network solutions have been illustrated in a companion paper in the same conference. The ARES project aims to deploy CDN services over a broadband network for accessing and exchanging genomic datasets, accessible by medical and research personnel through a Cloud interface. This paper illustrates the procedure defined to access such services, also providing a case-study simulation to show the implementation of the bioinformatics pipeline included. The experimental activity in ARES aims to gain a detailed understanding of the network problems relating to its sustainability given the increasing use of genomics for diagnostic purposes. The main aim is to allow an extensive use of genomic data through the collection of relevant information available from the network in the medical and diagnostic field diseases.
Electronic, Magnetic, and Geometric Structure of Metallo-Carbohedrenes (1992)

The energetics and the electronic, magnetic, and geometric structure of the metallocarbohedrene Ti(8)C(12) have been calculated self-consistently in the density functional formulation. The structure of Ti(8)C(12) is a distorted dodecahedron with a binding energy of 6.1 electron volts per atom. The unusual stability is derived from covalent-like bonding between carbon atoms and between titanium and carbon atoms with no appreciable interaction between titanium atoms. The density of states at the Fermi energy is high and is derived from a strong hybridization between titanium 3d and carbon sp electrons. Titanium sites carry a small magnetic moment of 0.35 Bohr magneton per atom and the cluster is only weakly magnetic.
A Rapidly Acting Metabolite of Vitamin D <sub>3</sub> (1971)

A vitamin D(3) metabolite in intestine more polar than 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(3)(25-OH D(3)) has been detected by countercurrent distribution. The intestinal metabolite is found also after administration of labeled hydroxy D(3), indicating that it arises from vitamin D(3) via the intermediate 25-hydroxy derivative. The more polar metabolite is localized in the nuclear-chromatin fraction and appears in the gut before the physiological response to vitamin D(3).3.5 mug of the intestinal metabolite was isolated from 1250 chickens; the resulting purified material proved to be a potent mediator of calcium absorption. On a weight basis, it was at least 5 times as effective as vitamin D(3), and acted 3 times faster than either hydroxy D(3) or D(3) in stimulating intestinal calcium transport in the rachitic chick. It is proposed that this as yet uncharacterized steroid represents the active form of vitamin D(3) in the intestine.