gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards a wearable device for skill assessment and skill acquisition of a tennis player during the first serve (2010)

In this article, the possibility of using wearable gyroscope sensors for skill assessment and skill acquisition was investigated. Marker‐based methods were used initially to capture the fast rotational motions and simulate the outputs of gyroscope sensors. Utilizing the marker‐based methods, the angular velocity of the upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, and shoulder rotation were calculated for a range of athletes using the trajectory of Vicon markers with respect to the Plug‐in Gait model during the first serve in tennis. Participants from amateur to elite participated in this study. Thirty successful serves from each participant were assessed. The results showed that the peak values of the upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, and shoulder rotation just before impact are indicative in classifying the participants’ skill level. It was shown that all the three parameters, as well as the racquet head speed, increased as the level of proficiency of the participants increased. A line (R2 = 0.89) was fitted to the scatter data containing the upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, and racquet head speed. The fit line is a function of upper arm rotation and wrist flexion. The fit line can be used as a potential skill acquisition tool to provide feedback on which variables (upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, or shoulder rotation) need to be improved. The positions of three gyroscope sensors to detect the same trends as those from the marker‐based methods were determined. Therefore, it is envisaged that gyroscope sensors could be used for skill assessment and skill acquisition for a first tennis serve.
Effects of fibronectin bonding on healing of high porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in pigs. (2001)

Together with the previous results with the dog model, fibronectin bonding could be expected to improve healing of the high porosity ePTFE grafts in humans.
Lightweight Structured Text Processing (2018)

Text is a popular storage and distribution format for information, partly due to generic text-processing tools like Unix grep and sort. Unfortunately, existing generic tools make assumptions about text format (e.g., each line is a record) that limit their applicability. Custom-built tools are one alternative, but they require substantial time investment and programming expertise. We describe a new approach, lightweight structured text processing, which overcomes these difficulties by enabling users to define text structure interactively and manipulate the structure with generic tools. Our prototype system, LAPIS, is a web browser that can highlight, filter, and sort text regions described by the user. LAPIS has several advantages over other systems: (1) the ability to define custom structure with a simple, intuitive pattern language; (2) interactive specification, showing pattern matches in context and letting users choose the most convenient combination of manual selection and pattern matching; and (3) external parsers for standard text formats. The pattern language in LAPIS, text constraints, describes text structure in high-level terms, with region relationships like before, after, in, and contains. We describe an implementation of text constraints using a novel, compact representation of region sets as collections of rectangles, or region intervals. We also illustrate some examples of applying LAPIS to web pages, text files, and source code.
Crystallinity and dielectric properties of PEEK, poly(ether ether ketone) (1994)

The dependence of specific dielectric properties of polymers on their fundamental molecular parameters was investigated as part of a study involving HV insulation in spacecraft systems. As part of an effort to understand the causes of dielectric breakdown, this investigation focused on the effect of polymer morphology on the electrical characteristics of a poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), a high temperature insulating thermoplastic. Amorphous PEEK was thermally annealed to produce a range of crystallinities, and its dielectric properties were measured. As the crystalline/amorphous ratio of the polymer increased, the dielectric breakdown strength was reduced. The electrical conductivity of the material was also shown to decrease with increasing crystallinity. The effect on the permittivity was inconclusive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Evaluation of Passenger Ferry Routes (2007)

This article introduces a planning framework for improving and best utilizing existing water and ferry resources. It presents an analysis framework and formulation for designing and evaluating passenger ferry routes. The motivation for this work emanates from problems encountered by the ferry service in Hong Kong, including the continuous loss in ferry patronage. This loss is believed to be caused by the ferry’s relatively poor level of service and intense competition from more attractive alternatives. The article reports on an evaluation and design methodology for the entire passenger ferry network, consisting of a framework with operational objective functions that takes into account passengers, operator, and community interests. This framework considers both the evaluation of existing ferry routes and the design of new ones. The methodology presented combines the philosophy of mathematical programming approaches and decision-making techniques, allowing the user to select an efficient solution from a number of alternatives. The evaluation procedure established provides practical and measurable criteria for evaluating the “goodness” of each route and for comparison between sets of routes at the network level.
Circulating Immune Complexes in the Serum in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1974)

A B S T R A C T A sensitive and reproducible procedure for the detection of soluble immune complexes in sera from patients with various immunopathological disorders is reported. Radiolabeled Clq is reacted with sera containing immune complexes. Separation of free from complex bound [TI]Clq is achieved by selective precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The method is based on both the large molecular size and the Clq-binding property characterizing immune complexes. The minimal amount of aggregated immunoglobulins thus detected is about 10 Ag and that of soluble human IgG-anti-IgG complexes is about 3 A'g of complexed antibody. Some immune complexes formed in large antigen excess (AgzAb) can still be detected by this radiolabeled Clq binding assay. The specificity of the radiolabeled Clq binding test was documented by the inability of antigen-F(ab')a antibody complexes to lead to a precipitation of ['I]C1q in PEG. In a second step, this radiolabeled Clq binding assay was applied to an experimental model of immune complex disease and was shown to be efficient for the detection of in vivo formed immune complexes.
[Neurological complications of infectious endocarditis]. (2002)

Of 204 patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) treated in the hospital in 1980-2000, 43(21.2%) developed neurological complications. These were: ischemic stroke (72.1%), hemorrhagic stroke (9.3%), both (7%), abscess and subarachnoidal hemorrhage (2.3% for each), meningitis (7%), toxic encephalopathy (11.6%). Neurological complications of IE arose prior to treatment and within the first week of antibacterial therapy in 63% cases, more frequently in the left carotid territory. Neurological complications in IE debute manifested acutely, pareses were more frequent than paralyses, with elevated temperature, low hemoglobin and red cell levels, leukocytosis. MRT detected 8 +/- 4.6 foci in the brain, CT--2 +/- 1.1, on the average. Lethality of IE patients with neurological complications reached 58.1% and was significantly higher than in those without such complications (14.9%, p < 0.001). Overall acturial survival 1 year after the discharge from the hospital was 94.4%, 5-year survival--61.1%, 10-year survival--11%.
Synergism Between Enzymes Involved in the Solubilization of Native Cellulose (1979)

Although it is well established that certain cellulolytic fungi hydrolyze native cellulose with enzyme systems containing endo- and exo-β-1,4-glucanase, and β-glucosidase activities, the actual mechanism by which soluble fragments are removed from the more crystalline areas is as yet unknown. Synergism between endoglucanases (so-called Cx) and certain exoglucanases (so-called C1) is clearly established, and many believe that attack is initiated by the Cx and that the new chain ends generated are then hydrolyzed by C1. However, the discovery that C1 acts synergistically only with certain Cx components suggests that the proposed mechanism is an oversimplification. Possibly the more crystalline areas are effectively solubilized only by the rapid sequential action of those endo- and exoglucanases capable of forming an enzyme-enzyme complex on the surface of the cellulose chains.
Facile oxygen-plasma approach for depositing Silicon/nitride oxide on transparent, flexible zinc-oxide thin film transistors (2014)

This study describes a simple and efficient method for depositing of highly ordered and aligned Zinc Oxide (ZnO) film as the semiconducting channel layer for use in a transparent thin-film transistor (TFT) on a silicon and flexible polyimide (PI) substrate. The effect of an oxygen (O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) plasma power of 18 W followed by low temperature (~approximately 150 °C) annealing on a hot plate was evaluated, attempting to enhance on/off current ratio and sustainability of ZnO-TFTs. ZnO based TFTs fabricated on silicon oxide and nitride oxide exhibited on/off ratio of~approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> , respectively without O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma; these ratios can be improved to ~approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> by using oxygen plasma treatment. The PI substrate exhibited an on/off ratio of ~approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> .
The synthesis of cycloalkylpyrido[1,2‐<i>a</i>]benzimidazole carbonitrile analogs (1995)

Abstract The preparation of various sustituted cycloalkylpyrido[1,2‐ a ]benzimidazolecarbonitrile analogs is described as well as the X‐ray of the cycloheptyl analog 13a .
The effect of an electrically large stirrer in a mode-stirred chamber (1989)

In a mode-stirred chamber, the field in the cavity is perturbed with a stirrer or rotating scatterer so that the time-averaged field is constant. The authors investigate the key factor that governs the effectiveness of a stirrer. By examining the fundamental properties associated with a perturbing body in a cavity, they find that the key to effective field perturbation lies in shifting the eigenmode frequencies. They illustrate this phenomenon by examining a two-dimensional cavity with a one-dimensional perturbing body. Using the transmission-line-matrix method, they compute the shifting of eigenfrequencies and examine the variation on the magnitude of the fields for different stirrer sizes. From this analysis, they draw an analogy between the action of a large stirrer and the effect of amplitude and frequency modulations. It is concluded that it is theoretically possible to simulate the stirrer by the external modulation of the input signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and characterization of poly[2,5‐bis(triethoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of a highly soluble, 2,5‐disubstituted poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) with pendant side chains containing ether groups was accomplished by a dehydrochlorination route. Specific interactions of the oxygen‐containing side chains with the solvent are presumably responsible for the high solubility of the polymer, especially in protogenic solvents. The polymer microstructure was characterized by 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR. The polymer showed solvatochromic properties when dissolved in a variety of solvents. The relatively high molecular weight (M n = 17,000) permitted the fabrication of free‐standing films. The electrical conductivity of iodine‐doped films was approximately 2 × 10 –2 S cm –1 . © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vaccination of sheep with a live incomplete strain (S48) of Toxoplasma gondii and their immunity to challenge when pregnant (1991)

Sixty-four ewes were vaccinated with tachyzoites of an incomplete strain (S48) of Toxoplasma gondii grown either in the peritoneal cavity of mice (group 1) or vero cell culture (group 2) and 30 ewes (group 3) were not vaccinated. All the ewes were mated 77 days later and challenged orally with 2000 sporulated oocysts at 89 to 90 days of gestation. Ten additional unvaccinated (group 4) and 10 vaccinated (group 5) control ewes were not challenged. The unvaccinated ewes developed a characteristic febrile response to challenge while in the vaccinated ewes the fever commenced earlier but was less severe and of shorter duration. After challenge, the antibody titres against T gondii rose rapidly to high values in the vaccinated ewes while the ewes in group 3 responded more slowly. Only eight of the 45 fetuses/lambs (17.8 per cent) from group 3 were viable compared with 72.3 per cent of those in group 1 and 80.8 per cent of those in group 2. Gestation in the unvaccinated challenged ewes was shortened and the mean birthweight of their single, viable offspring was significantly lower than the weight of single lambs from the vaccinated (groups 1 and 2) and control ewes (groups 4 and 5). Examination of precolostral sera showed that almost two-thirds of the lambs from the vaccinated ewes were infected in utero. The 20 control ewes appeared clinically normal at all times and lambed normally. The two vaccine preparations were equally effective.
Crystal Structure of a Mesogenic Twin (2001)

Abstract The compound under study is a double mesogen in which two rigid p-terphenyl-based units are laterally connected by a carbonate linker. The cystal structure has been determined and reported. Here some crystallogra-phic calculations have been done to correlate the structure – property relationship of the compound. The six rings are found to be in different conformations. No two rings are coplanar. The four decycloxy side chains are maximally extended. Molecules of the compound are packed along the crystallographic a-axis. The molecular arrangement is a precursor of smectic phase. Texture study has been performed and supercooling region was found. The layer spacing and intermolecular distance during the entire mesomorphic range have been studied from X-ray diffraction technique.
Fast dead zone lattice vector quantisation (2008)

A fast method is proposed to determine the quantisation parameters of an entropy constrained lattice vector, called dead zone lattice vector quantisation (DZLVQ). This scheme offers substantial improvement in terms of visual quality with respect to the well-known SPIHT and JPEG2000 algorithms. The tuning of quantisation parameters in variable rate transform coding scheme may involve a critical increasing of the complexity. It is shown that this problem can be solved by a simple iterative procedure using classical LVQ tuning functions. The algorithm ensures a substantial reduction of the complexity while maintaining the compression performance of DZLVQ.
Inhibitors of the AAA+ Chaperone p97 (2015)

It is remarkable that a pathway as ubiquitous as protein quality control can be targeted to treat cancer. Bortezomib, an inhibitor of the proteasome, was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) more than 10 years ago to treat refractory myeloma and later extended to lymphoma. Its use has increased the survival rate of myeloma patients by as much as three years. This success was followed with the recent accelerated approval of the natural product derived proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (Kyprolis®), which is used to treat patients with bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma. The success of these two drugs has validated protein quality control as a viable target to fight select cancers, but begs the question why are proteasome inhibitors limited to lymphoma and myeloma? More recently, these limitations have encouraged the search for additional targets within the protein quality control system that might offer heightened cancer cell specificity, enhanced clinical utility, a lower rate of resistance, reduced toxicity, and mitigated side effects. One promising target is p97, an ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA+) chaperone. p97 figures prominently in protein quality control as well as serving a variety of other cellular functions associated with cancer. More than a decade ago, it was determined that up-regulation of p97 in many forms of cancer correlates with a poor clinical outcome. Since these initial discoveries, a mechanistic explanation for this observation has been partially illuminated, but details are lacking. Understandably, given this clinical correlation, myriad roles within the cell, and its importance in protein quality control, p97 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. This review provides an overview of efforts towards the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of p97, offering a synopsis of efforts that parallel the excellent reviews that currently exist on p97 structure, function, and physiology.
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN EARLY, UNTREATED PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MOTOR DISABILITY (1991)

Current knowledge of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has largely been obtained from studies of chronically treated patients in whom effects of disease chronicity, treatment, depression and dementia are confounding factors. Studies of untreated patients have examined few cognitive domains and relationships between cognition, depression and motor disability have been incompletely explored. Accordingly, we studied 60 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, untreated, idiopathic PD and 37 matched, healthy control subjects; no subject had clinical dementia or depression. All subjects received tests of specific processes of memory and cognition, including working memory, verbal and non-verbal short- and long-term memory, language, visuospatial capacity, set-formation and shifting and sequencing. Patients also received quantitative global clinical measures of severity of dementia, depression and motor disability. The PD group as a whole showed deficits in immediate recall of verbal material, language production and semantic fluency, set-formation, cognitive sequencing and working memory and visuomotor construction. However, this group was unimpaired in immediate memory span, long-term forgetting, naming, comprehension and visual perception. Language deficits and more severe frontal lobe impairments were confined to those PD patients scoring abnormally on a Mini Mental State examination. Motor disability correlated strongly with severity of depression but weakly with cognitive impairment. Cognitive sequencing, set-formation and set-shifting deficits tended to associate with depression, but otherwise there was no association between cognition and depression. The results indicate dissociation of cognition and motor control in early PD which suggests that cognitive dysfunction is largely independent of frontostriatal dopamine deficiency underlying motor disability. Some, but not all, of the frontal lobe deficits of chronic disease are detectable in early, untreated PD. The pathogenesis of the cognitive deficits shown here appears to involve extrastriatal dopamine systems or non-dopaminergic pathology. Longitudinal study is necessary to determine whether increasing disease duration exacerbates the early cognitive deficits and affects new cognitive domains, in addition to producing increasing motor disability.
Elemental mapping of fluorine using electron spectroscopic imaging for the intracellular localisation of an anthracycline drug (ME2303) in human ovarian cancer cells. (1993)

Abstract A major limitation to the clinical usefulness of cancer chemotherapy is the onset of acquired drug resistance, in which the effectiveness of a drug such as Doxorubicin (DOX), used in a wide variety of neoplasms, diminishes following repeated administration. Resistance is associated with drug exclusion from tumour cell nuclei. New analogues of DOX have been synthesised to reduce patient cardiotoxicity and to increase anti‐tumour activity. More recently, a 2‐fluoroglycoside of DOX (ME2303) has been shown to be more resistant to glycolysis and has marked anti‐proliferative effects on DOX‐resistant tumours. The aim of the current study was therefore to determine the intracellular localisation of ME2303 in drug sensitive and resistant human ovarian cancer cell aggregates by mapping fluorine, as a means of understanding the complex mechanisms of drug resistance. Cell aggregates of the human ovarian cell line A2780 and its DOX‐resistant subline 2780AD were cultured for 1hr in 5μM of the drug ME2303, then chemically fixed and embedded in Lowicryl K4M using alcohol dehydration at −20°C. Ultrathin sections (40‐50nm) were examined on a Zeiss TEM 902 energy filtering electron microscope using 80Kv at a magnification of 12,000x. Fluorine maps were generated using the two window method by collecting two integrated images above and two integrated images below the K ionisation edge for fluorine (685eV) with a 15eV window. Image sequences were collected within 20sec to minimise the effects of mass loss from the specimen via a Dage SIT 66 video camera connected to a DT 2861 video interface board (512x512 pixels with 256 grey levels) within a 486 PC. In the A2780 cell line, fluorine was found to be distributed diffusely within the cytoplasm and at discrete sites within the nucleus. In contrast, fluorine in the 2780AD subline (co‐cultured with 1.4μM DOX to maintain resistance) was found to be largely associated with the peri‐nuclear Golgi region and with mitochondria, but was also found within cell nuclei, along the inner nuclear envelope and in the nucleolus. The intra‐nuclear localisation of fluorine suggests that even in the presence of DOX, ME2303 can mediate anti‐proliferative activity in DOX resistant human ovarian cancer cells by effective nuclear translocation.
Development and application of a new biotechnology of the molasses in-situ method; detailed evaluation for selected wells in the Romashkino carbonate reservoir (1995)

On the basis of different laboratory studies, by which special strains of the type Clostridium tyrobutyricum were found, the application of molasses in-situ method for the enhanced recovery of oil in Romashkino oil field was executed. In an anaerobic, 6%-molasses medium the strains produce about 11,400 mg/l of organic acids (especially butyric acid), 3,200 mg/l ethanol, butanol, etc., and more than 350 ml/g of molasses biogas with a content of 80% C02 and 20% H2. The metabolics of Clostridium tyrobutyricum depress the growth of SRB, whereas methanogenic bacteria grow in an undiluted fermented molasses medium very well. In this way the dominant final fermentation process is methanogenesis.