gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cementless R.M. isoelastic total hip prosthesis in revision surgery for loose prostheses. (1987)

Forty-three patients with aseptic mobilization of hip prostheses were submitted to revision surgery using cementless R.M. isoelastic total hip prostheses. The femoral component was substituted in all cases, the acetabular component in 37. Autoplastic bone grafts were required in 27 cases to replace severe bone defects in the acetabulum or femoral diaphysis. All the patients were followed up for an average of 46 months (range 36 to 59 months). The results were good in 38 cases, evaluated both on the Harris scale (average 87 points) and the Charnley method (5.4 points for pain, 5.0 for walking, and 5.2 for movement). There were 2 cases of ankylosis, one case of infection, one paralysis of the peroneal nerve and one proximal migration of the acetabular component. Therefore we believe that the use of cement is contraindicated in revision surgery of the hip, particularly in the presence of severe osteolysis and in younger patients. The isoelastic stem encourages bone reconstruction and cortical thickening in the femoral diaphysis. When there is bone deficiency the cementless acetabulum must always be associated with autoplastic bone grafting.
Antiviral activity and possible mechanisms of action of oligonucleotides-poly(L-lysine) conjugates targeted to vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA and genomic RNA (1989)

Synthetic oligonucleotides (oligomers) complementary to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) N protein mRNA have specific antiviral properties at concentrations lower than 1 microM when they are covalently linked to poly(L-lysine) (PLL). Since it is generally postulated that antisense oligomers act at the translational level, oligomers with potential targets on VSV viral mRNA and/or genomic RNA have been tested here. In vitro translation experiments in reticulocyte lysates, in vitro transcription experiments with permeabilized viruses, measurement of viral RNA transcription and accumulation in VSV infected cells, and antiviral experiments demonstrate in our model that antisense oligomers probably also act at other levels. Difficulties in the choice of the most effective antisense oligomer targets are also discussed.
One-Pot Two-Step Enzymatic Coupling of Pyrimidine Bases to 2-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-ribose-5-phosphate. A New Strategy in the Synthesis of Stable Isotope Labeled Deoxynucleosides (2002)

The enzymatic synthesis of thymidine from 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate is achieved, in a one-pot two-step reaction using phosphoribomutase (PRM) and commercially available thymidine phosphorylase (TP). In the first step the sugar-5-phosphate is enzymatically rearranged to alpha-2-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate. Highly active PRM is easily obtained from genetically modified overproducing E. coli cells (12,000 units/84 mg protein) and is used without further purification. In the second step thymine is coupled to the sugar-1-phosphate. The thermodynamically unfavorable equilibrium is shifted to the product by addition of MnCl(2) to precipitate inorganic phosphate. In this way the overall yield of the beta-anomeric pure nucleoside increases from 14 to 60%. In contrast to uracil, cytosine is not accepted by TP as a substrate. Therefore, 2'-deoxy-cytidine is obtained by functional group transformations of the enzymatically prepared 2'-deoxy-uridine. The method has been demonstrated by the synthesis of [2',5'-(13)C(2)]- and [1',2',5'-(13)C(3)]thymidine as well as [1',2',5'-(13)C(3)]2'-deoxyuridine and [3',4'-(13)C(2)]2'-deoxycytidine. In addition the nucleoside bases thymine and uracil are tetralabeled at the (1,3-(15)N(2),2,4-(13)C(2))-atomic positions. All compounds are prepared without any scrambling or dilution of the labeled material and are thus obtained with a very high isotope enrichment (96-99%). In combination with the methods that have been developed earlier it is concluded that each of the (13)C- and (15)N-positions and combination of positions of the pyrimidine deoxynucleosides can be efficiently labeled starting from commercially available and highly (13)C- or (15)N-enriched formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, potassium cyanide, methylamine hydrochloride, and ammonia.
Purpose-Built Drillpipe for Extended Reach Drilling (1998)

Introduction Substantial ERD projects have used and continue to use either or both 6-5/8" and 5–1/2" drillpipe (DP). These are standard sizes and are available through drilling contractors and rental companies. In substantial ERD wells, 5–1/2" DP still introduces hydraulic limitations in lone 12–1/4"sections and should be improved upon. The 6–5/8" DP is a good choice to reduce hydraulic pressure losses at the elevated flow rates required for ERD hole cleaning. However for nearly all ERD wells, 6-5/8" DP represents an "overdesign" from the viewpoint of drilling loads. Also, 6–5/8" DP inefficient from a space standpoint and can limit setback capacity. Finally 6–5/8" DP requires rig modifications for implementation and cannot be used inside 9-5/8" casing or 8–1/2" open-hole. This necessitates a major DP change-out at that phase of the well. The shortcomings of 5–1/2" and 6–5/8" ERD drillpipe strategies formed the basis for ARCO's development of purpose-built ERD drillpipe in an intermediate size between 5–1/2" and 6-5/8. P. 221
A Microfluidic Immunostaining System Enables Quality Assured and Standardized Immunohistochemical Biomarker Analysis (2017)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays an important role in biomarker-driven cancer therapy. Although there has been a high demand for standardized and quality assured IHC, it has rarely been achieved due to the complexity of IHC testing and the subjective validation-based process flow of IHC quality control. We present here a microfluidic immunostaining system for the standardization of IHC by creating a microfluidic linearly graded antibody (Ab)-staining device and a reference cell microarray. Unlike conventional efforts, our system deals primarily with the screening of biomarker staining conditions for quantitative quality assurance testing in IHC. We characterized the microfluidic matching of Ab staining intensity using three HER2 Abs produced by different manufacturers. The quality of HER2 Ab was also validated using tissues of breast cancer patients, demonstrating that our system is an efficient and powerful tool for the standardization and quality assurance of IHC.
High-vacuum drains rival conventional underwater-seal drains after pediatric heart surgery (2004)

Redivac drains are as safe and effective as conventional drains in the pediatric setting, and resulted in a lower incidence of residual pleural effusions requiring drainage. Together with their ease of care, earlier mobilisation of patients and greater cost-effectiveness, the routine use of high-vacuum drains can be recommended following pediatric heart surgery.
A study on wafer level vacuum packaging for MEMS devices (2003)

A new vacuum packaging process at the wafer level is developed for the surface micromachining devices using glass–silicon anodic bonding technology. The rim for the glass–silicon bonding process which is needed to prevent vacuum leakage is built up simultaneously as the structure is being etched. The mechanical resonator is used as a tool for evaluating the vacuum level of the packaging. The inside pressure of the packaged device was measured indirectly by measuring the quality factor of the mechanical resonator. The measured Q factor was about 5 × 104 and the estimated inner pressure was about 1 mTorr. It is also possible to change the inside pressure of the packaged devices from 2 Torr to 1 mTorr by varying the amount of Ti getter material. The yield of the vacuum packaging process is about 80% and vacuum degradation was not observed after 1000 h had passed. The developed vacuum packaging process is also applied to resonant accelerometers which need a high vacuum environment to implement higher performance.
Fast Acting Sequential Embedded Electric Gearbox Actuator (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The design and control strategy for a prototype high-performance, electro-mechanical actuator operating in a sequential gearbox is presented. The actuator is modelled using a 3 dimensional finite element magneto-static model. A coupled field-circuit model is developed to analyse the dynamic performance of the actuator. A fuzzy control strategy is used to provide position control and soft-seating of the actuator. The controller is implemented using a Digital Signal Processor. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the closed-loop system.</div>
Reduction of Interference Between pH and Optical Output Signals in a Multimodal Bio-Image Sensor (2011)

A low-interference multimodal sensor for pH and optical imaging has been developed. The interference signal that occurs between pH and the optical outputs is found to be caused by photogenerated electrons during pH sensing. This interference could be suppressed by adding another charge-accumulation region to a conventional multimodal sensor structure in order to measure only photogenerated electrons. Conventional pH sensing devices combine accumulation regions for photo generated electrons, thereby discriminating between pH and optical signals.
Respecifying human iPSC-derived blood cells into highly engraftable hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with a single factor (2018)

Derivation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers considerable promise for cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening. However, efficient derivation of functional iPSC-derived HSCs with in vivo engraftability and multilineage potential remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a tractable approach for respecifying iPSC-derived blood cells into highly engraftable hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) through transient expression of a single transcription factor, <i>MLL-AF4</i> These induced HSPCs (iHSPCs) derived from iPSCs are able to fully reconstitute the human hematopoietic system in the recipient mice without myeloid bias. iHSPCs are long-term engraftable, but they are also prone to leukemic transformation during the long-term engraftment period. On the contrary, primary HSPCs with the same induction sustain the long-term engraftment without leukemic transformation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of activating the HSC network in human iPSC-derived blood cells through expression of a single factor and suggest iHSPCs are more genomically instable than primary HSPCs, which merits further attention.
The synthesis of elastin, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans by high density primary cultures of neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle. An ultrastructural and biochemical study. (1982)

Primary cultures of neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells inoculated at high densities (1 X 10(6) cells/25 cm2 Falcon flask) with adequate nutrient media and pH control grow rapidly and form multilayers of cells with typical "hill and valley" organization. After 10 days growth insoluble elastin formation could be visualized by phase contrast microscopy as small particles which grew rapidly to become larger irregular refractile aggregates and later coalesced to form larger aggregates and small fibres. With light and electronmicroscopy, elastin was the predominant matrix protein formed, with the "hill regions" of cultures containing abundant elastin aggregates and some collagen. In 2-week-old cultures differentiation could be observed within the cell multilayer. The older deeper cells contained more protein synthesis organelles and myofilaments and were in close association with large often coalescing elastin aggregates; compared to younger more superficial cells which contained more free polyribosomes less myofilaments, and were associated with fewer and small elastin aggregates. In older cultures this differentiation was not apparent; the cells contained many myofilaments, dense bodies, and lysosomes. Elastin aggregates and newly formed elastic fibres were abundant in the matrix. Quantitative analysis of insoluble elastin formation in the cell layer during the 4-week culture period indicated continuous biosynthesis and deposition which paralleled that of desmosine formation. Amino-acid analysis of a hot alkali insoluble residue (regarded as elastin) from 30-day-old cultures gave a profile identical with neonatal rat aortic elastin in vivo. Insoluble collagen formation in the cell layer tended to plateau after the log phase of growth was completed (10 days). Proteoglycans were found predominantly in the supernatant media. Glycosaminoglycan analysis revealed a profile of dermatan sulphate (32%), chondroitin 4-sulphate (43%), keratan and heparan sulphate (30%), with only a trace of hyaluronic acid. This study indicates that primary cultures of neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells remain differentiated in culture and have the unique capacity to continue to synthesize and deposit large amounts (mg) of insoluble elastin which aggregate and from elastic fibres in vitro.
Sprite on Mach (1993)

Sprite is a distributed operating system that supports a fast, single-image network file system and transparent process migration. Over a period of 19 months we ported Sprite to run as a server on top of the Mach 3.0 microkernel. Although the resulting server does not implement some Sprite features, it can run in an existing Sprite cluster, and it supports standard UNIX programs like vi, gcc, and make.

Porting Sprite to Mach was generally straightforward, though there were some difficulties. Many of the problems were related to asynchronous interactions between the Sprite server, Mach, and Sprite user processes. Others resulted from trying to maintain native Sprite's internal interfaces in the Sprite server.

The Sprite server is 22% smaller than an equivalent Sprite kernel, and it contains almost no machine-dependent code. These improvements should significantly simplify porting Sprite to new hardware platforms. Unfortunately, the Sprite server runs the Andrew benchmark at only 38% of the speed of native Sprite. None of the performance problems appears insurmountable, but they could require a long time to track down and fix.
Expression and functionality of TRPV1 in breast cancer cells (2016)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels contribute to the regulation of intracellular calcium, which can promote cancer hallmarks in cases of dysregulation of gene transcription and calcium-dependent pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Several studies have begun to elucidate the roles of TRPV1, TRPV6, TRPM8, and TRPC1 in cancer progression; however, no study has examined the expression profiles of human TRP channels in breast cancer on a large scale. This study focused on the expression and functionality of TRPV1, a nonselective cation channel that was found to be expressed in different carcinoma tissues. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed the expression of TRPV1 in several native breast cancer tissues, which was subsequently validated via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of TRPV1 by its ligand capsaicin was associated with the growth inhibition of some cancer cell types; however, the signaling components involved are complex. In this study, stimulation by the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, of SUM149PT cells, a model system for the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, triple-negative breast cancer, led to intracellular calcium signals that were diminished by the specific TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepin. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin caused significant inhibition of cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis. In conclusion, the current study revealed the expression profiles of human TRP channels in 60 different breast cancer tissues and cell lines and furthermore validated the antitumor activity of TRPV1 against SUM149PT breast cancer cells, indicating that activation of TRPV1 could be used as a therapeutic target, even in the most aggressive breast cancer types.
Direct spectral probing of energy storage in Si:Er by a free-electron laser (1999)

Results of a two-color spectroscopy in the visible and the mid-infrared on erbium-doped silicon (Si:Er) are presented. In the experiments, pulsed beam provided by a free-electron laser is directed on a sample under primary above-band-gap excitation with another laser. It is shown that the powerful infrared beam can be ionize carriers localized at shallow traps. Liberation of these carriers makes them available for excitation of erbium and thereby enhances the luminescence intensity. Identification of shallow levels responsible for the effect is discussed.
Photodynamic therapy: a 5-year study of its effectiveness in the treatment of posterior uveal melanoma, and evaluation of haematoporphyrin uptake and photocytotoxicity of melanoma cells in tissue culture (1995)

A human melanoma cell line RVH-421 which selectively demonstrates melanin synthesis when cultured in L15 Leibowitz medium but not in RPMI medium was used as a model to examine haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) uptake and the photocytotoxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Confocal scanning microscopy and extraction fluorometry showed HPD uptake in both non-pigmented and pigmented melanoma cells. Phototoxicity was determined by incubating pigmented and non-pigmented monolayer cells with HPD, exposing them to variable periods of white fluorescent light and calculating the number of viable cells in the samples relative to the controls. Both the non-pigmented and pigmented melanoma cells were affected by light-dependent cytotoxicity which was greater in the non-pigmented cells. Melanin or other substances may reduce the photo-oxidative effects of PDT. Posterior uveal melanomas in 36 patients were treated with PDT with the longest duration of tumour control being 6.5 years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 76% of melanomas were not growing at the end of the first year, declining to 62% at the end of the second year, with 38% showing no signs of growth at the end of the fifth year. No eyes were lost as a result of PDT. Cox's hazards analysis showed that the degree of tumour pigmentation and patient age at therapy significantly influence the tumour response to PDT.
POTENTIAL USES OF Moringa oleifera AND AN EXAMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC EFFICACY CONFERRED BY M. oleifera SEED AND LEAF EXTRACTS USING CRUDE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE TO UNDERSERVED INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS (2013)

Moringa oleifera, a pantropical plant, is one of approximately thirteen species belonging to the monogeneric Moringaceae family. Ethnobotanical studies conducted in Guatemala found that one of the primary medicinal purposes of M. oleifera was its use for the treatment of infectious skin and mucosal diseases. As it is common practice for researchers to scientifically validate the efficacy of traditional medicine, it is less common for researchers to scientifically validate simple, reproducible means of conferring therapeutic benefits of plant parts. This study was conducted to investigate pragmatic extraction techniques for seed and leaf extracts of M. oleifera, a plant species for which numerous studies have demonstrated its antimicrobial efficacy. M. oleifera seeds and leaves were extracted using three different solvents (de-ionized water, inorganic ethanol, organic ethyl acetate) and two different extraction methods (crude, sophisticated). Sensitivity disks impregnated with the various extracts were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing of fourteen bacterial species: seven representative Gram-negative and seven representative Gram-positive. De-ionized water was the only solvent capable of extracting plant constituents which conferred bacterial inhibition. Seed extracts were found to inhibit a broader range of organisms (4) than leaf extracts (1). 75% of the organisms inhibited by seed extracts were Gram-positive bacteria. A single parameter, the zone of inhibition, was used to compare antibacterial efficacy between extraction methods, trials, and controls. No difference was observed between the zone of inhibition of crude and sophisticated extracts. Seed extracts demonstrated a zone of inhibition comparable to that of penicillin and tetracycline.
Mechanisms of action of retinoic acid in skin repair (1992)

The ability of topically applied retinoic acid to improve photoaged skin has stimulated research interest into its mechanism of action. Currently available assay systems are either in-vitro or mouse models, neither of which are truly representative of the in-vivo situation in man. Another drawback is that skin biopsies available from studies using retinoic acid to treat photoageing are of insufficient size to accomplish biochemical and molecular assays. In order to address these problems, a 4-day in-vivo retinoid assay has been developed which serves as a good predictive model for the chronic effects of retinoic acid on skin and helps to characterize the mechanism of action of retinoic acid.
Optimization of stimuli for trit-anomaloscopy. (1978)

Free-choice colour matches were made by 50 young normal trichromats on an anomaloscope. Six equations, of the kind 'blue' + 'green' = 'cyan' + 'yellow', were used in which the stimuli were defined by narrow-band well blocked interference filters. The stimuli were selected so that the instrument controls, which varied the quantities (blue/green), (cyan/yellow) and (cyan + yellow), were nearly independent controls for hue, saturation and brightness respectively. 'Yellow', 'green' and 'cyan' were fixed at 589, 499 and 480 nm, respectively, and the least interindividual variation in blue/green was found for 'blue' in the region 430-439 nm. This and a similar finding in the pilot study of Moreland and Young agree with expectations based on the density spectrum for macular pigment measured by Ruddock. Matches made by a few selected subjects, when the saturation control was locked at a position for the population mean, in the presence of large but typical saturation differences, were the same as when all three controls were used.
RDRAMs: a new speed paradigm (2002)

This paper describes a new DRAM technology capable of 500 MHz operation and explores its impact on individual components and on CPU's, graphics systems and high-performance memory subsystems. Possible future implementations at both the component and system levels are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variable Geometry Fuel Injector for Low Emissions Gas Turbines (1999)

To extend the stable operating range of a lean premixed combustion system, variable geometry can be used to adjust the combustor air flow distribution as gas turbine operating conditions vary. This paper describes the design and preliminary testing of a lean premixed fuel injector that provides the variable geometry function. Test results from both rig and engine evaluations using natural gas are presented. The variable geometry injector has proven successful in the short-term testing conducted to date. Longer term field tests are planned to demonstrate durability.
Distribution of Local Anesthetic Solutions within the Subarachnoid Space (1985)

Received from the Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Address correspondence to Dr. Greene, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510. Accepted for publication January 17, 1985.