gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium selenite suppresses hepatitis B virus transcription and replication in human hepatoma cell lines (2015)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most serious and prevalent health problems worldwide. Current anti-HBV medications have a number of drawbacks, such as adverse effects and drug resistance; thus, novel potential anti-HBV reagents are needed. Selenium (Se) has been shown to be involved in both human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections, but its role in HBV infection remains unclear. To address this, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3 ) was applied to three HBV cell models: HepG2.2.15 cells, and HuH-7 cells transfected with either 1.1 or 1.3× HBV plasmids. Cytotoxicity of Na2SeO3 was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8. Levels of viral antigen expression, transcripts, and encapsidated viral DNA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, northern blot, and Southern blot, respectively. There was no obvious cytotoxicity in either HepG2.2.15 or HuH-7 cells with <2.5 µM Na2SeO3 . Below this concentration, Na2SeO3 suppressed HBsAg and HBeAg production, HBV transcript level, and amount of genomic DNA in all three tested models, and suppression level was enhanced in line with increases in Na2 SeO3 concentration or treatment time. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Na2SeO3 on HBV replication can be further enhanced by combined treatment with lamivudine, entecavir, or adefovir. Thus, the present study clearly proves that Na2SeO3 suppresses HBV protein expression, transcription, and genome replication in hepatoma cell models in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Low cost, room temperature debondable spin-on temporary bonding solution: A key enabler for 2.5D/3D IC packaging (2013)

We report the development of a bi-layer spin on temporary bonding solution (TBS) which eliminates the need for specialized equipment for wafer pretreatment to enable bonding or wafer post treatment for debonding. Thus it greatly increases the throughput of the temporary bonding/debonding process. It also provides a total thickness variation (TTV) of less than 1 μm for spin coated films on both 200 mm and 300 mm wafers which enable the TTV of 300 mm bonded pairs to be 2-3 μm for bumped wafers using 70 and 100 μm thick adhesive films after backgrinding for an unoptimized bonding process. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the chemical and thermal stability of both the material and the bonded pair by exposing the bonded wafer pair to common chemicals (phosphoric acid, nitric acid, organic solvents etc.) and temperature conditions (up to 300 C) used in the TSV process. Additionally, the time taken for the entire spin coat-bond-debond process was less than 15 minutes with room for further improvement. Based on the current results, it is expected that the current bi-layer based temporary bonding solution has the potential to play an important role in enabling the high volume manufacturing of 2.5D/3D IC stacking.
Demodulator optimization for the interrogation of fiber optic hydrophones in real-world environments (1994)

Real world operational environments place stringent requirements upon the fidelity of the demodulator output to the acoustic signal which is present. This paper discusses the optimization of a demodulator circuit for hydrophones in time-varying hydrostatic pressure environments as well as in environments which contain large amplitude acoustic signals.
Systems-based medicine approaches to understand and treat complex diseases. The example of multiple sclerosis (2006)

Systems medicine is an emerging concept that acknowledges the complexity of a multitude of non-linear interactions among molecular and physiological variables. Under this new paradigm, rather than a collection of symptoms, diseases are seen as the product of deviations from a robust steady state compatible with life. This concept requires the incorporation of mathematics and physics to the more classical arsenal of physiology and molecular biology with which physicians are trained today. This review explores the diverse types of information that can be accumulated towards the understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex autoimmune disease that targets the central nervous system (CNS). The challenge of data integration and modeling of dynamical systems is discussed in the context of disease susceptibility and response to treatment. A theoretical framework that supports the use of combination therapy is also presented.
Biofunctions of three new B7 family members (IRM7P.486) (2014)

Abstract Recently, three new B7 family members, B7-H5 (VISTA, Gi24, or Dies1), B7-H6, and B7-H7 (HHLA2) were identified. However, the functions of the three new B7 family members remain uncertain. We expressed the human B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7 extracellular domain human IgG1 Fc Chimera in mammalian cell line and investigated the functions of the purified recombinant B7-H5/Fc, B7-H6/Fc, and B7-H7/Fc in vitro. To determine the functions of B7-H5 and B7-H7, human T cells were treated with plate-bound anti-CD3 and either B7-H5/Fc, B7-H7/Fc or control IgG1 Fc. The cytokine levels of supernatant were measured using the Proteome Profiler Human Cytokine Array and Quantikine ELISA kit. B7-H5 significantly reduced production of seven cytokines from T cells including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, IL-16, and TNF-α. B7-H7 markedly decreased four cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-α. To investigate the bioactivity of B7-H6, NK92 cells were treated with plate-bound B7-H6/Fc or control IgG1 Fc. B7-H6/Fc induced IFN-γ production in NK cells in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, B7-H6/Fc showed binding to recombinant human NKp30/Fc. Taken together, our data suggest that B7-H5 and B7-H7 are co-inhibitory molecules for T cell activation. Our data also indicate that B7-H6, a major NKp30 ligand, triggers NKp30-dependent NK cell activation.
Application of the Hammett equation to organophosphorus-substituted phosphinic and benzoic acids (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of the Hammett equation to organophosphorus-substituted phosphinic and benzoic acidsRoger A. Baldwin, Ming T. Cheng, and G. David HomerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 7, 2176–2180Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01282a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01282a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Classified Vector Quantisation and population decoding for pattern recognition (2009)

Learning Vector Quantisation (LVQ) is a method of applying the Vector Quantisation (VQ) to generate references for Nearest Neighbour (NN) classification. Though successful in many occasions, LVQ suffers from several shortcomings, especially the reference vectors are prone to diverge. In this paper, we propose a Classified Vector Quantisation (CVQ) to establish VQ for classification. By CVQ, each data category is represented by its own codebook, which can be implemented by some learning algorithms. In classification process, each codebook offers a generalised NN. The examples of handwritten digit recognition and offline signature verification are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Determination of arsenic and arsenic compounds in natural gas samples (1991)

Abstract Organic arsenic compounds (trialkylarsines) present in natural gas were extracted by 10 cm 3 of concentrated nitric acid from 1 dm 3 of gas kept at ambient pressure and temperature. The flask containing the gas and the acid was shaken for 1 h on a platform shaker set at the highest speed. The resulting solution was mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and heated to convert all arsenic compounds to arsenate. Total arsenic was determined in the mineralized solutions by hydride generation. The arsenic concentrations in natural gas samples from a number of wells in several gas fields were in the range 0.01–63 μ As dm −3 . Replicate determinations of arsenic in a gas sample with an arsenic concentration of 5.9 μ dm −3 had a relative standard deviation of 1.7%. Because of the high blank values, the lowest arsenic concentration that could be reliably determined was 5 ng As dm −3 gas. Analysis of nonmineralized extracts by hydride generation identified trimethylarsine as the major arsenic compound in natural gas. Low‐temperature gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry showed more directly than the hydride generation technique, that trimethylarsine accounts for 55–80% of the total arsenic in several gas samples. Dimethylethylarsine, methyldiethylarsine, and triethylarsine were also identified, in concentrations decreasing with increasing molecular mass of the arsines.
A New Molecular Design Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Highly Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2015)

Two benzoylpyridine-carbazole based fluorescence materials DCBPy and DTCBPy, bearing two carbazolyl and 4-(t-butyl)carbazolyl groups, respectively, at the meta and ortho carbons of the benzoyl ring, were synthesized. These molecules show very small ΔEST of 0.03 and 0.04 eV and transient PL characteristics indicating that they are thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. In addition, they show extremely different photoluminescent quantum yields in solution and in the solid state: in cyclohexane the value are 14 and 36%, but in the thin films, the value increase to 88.0 and 91.4%, respectively. The OLEDs using DCBPy and DTCBPy as dopants emit blue and green light with EQEs of 24.0 and 27.2%, respectively, and with low efficiency roll-off at practical brightness level. The crystal structure of DTCBPy reveals a substantial interaction between the ortho donor (carbazolyl) and acceptor (4-pyridylcarbonyl) unit. This interaction between donor and acceptor substituents likely play a key role to achieve very small ΔEST with high photoluminescence quantum yield.
Kinetic and Structural Studies of Phosphodiesterase-8A and Implication on the Inhibitor Selectivity (2008)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-8 (PDE8) is a family of cAMP-specific enzymes and plays important roles in many biological processes, including T-cell activation, testosterone production, adrenocortical hyperplasia, and thyroid function. However, no PDE8 selective inhibitors are available for trial treatment of human diseases. Here we report kinetic properties of the highly active PDE8A1 catalytic domain prepared from refolding and its crystal structures in the unliganded and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) bound forms at 1.9 and 2.1 A resolutions, respectively. The PDE8A1 catalytic domain has a K(M) of 1.8 microM, V(max) of 6.1 micromol/min/mg, a k(cat) of 4.0 s(-1) for cAMP, and a K(M) of 1.6 mM, V(max) of 2.5 micromol/min/mg, a k(cat) of 1.6 s(-1) for cGMP, thus indicating that the substrate specificity of PDE8 is dominated by K(M). The structure of the PDE8A1 catalytic domain has similar topology as those of other PDE families but contains two extra helices around Asn685-Thr710. Since this fragment is distant from the active site of the enzyme, its impact on the catalysis is unclear. The PDE8A1 catalytic domain is insensitive to the IBMX inhibition (IC(50) = 700 microM). The unfavorable interaction of IBMX in the PDE8A1-IBMX structure suggests an important role of Tyr748 in the inhibitor binding. Indeed, the mutation of Tyr748 to phenylalanine increases the PDE8A1 sensitivity to several nonselective or family selective PDE inhibitors. Thus, the structural and mutagenesis studies provide not only insight into the enzymatic properties but also guidelines for design of PDE8 selective inhibitors.
Carbenoxolone treatment attenuates symptoms of metabolic syndrome and atherogenesis in obese, hyperlipidemic mice (2007)

Glucocorticoids, which are well established to regulate body fat mass distribution, adipocyte lipolysis, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and hepatocyte VLDL secretion, are speculated to play a role in the pathology of metabolic syndrome. Recent focus has been on the activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1), which is capable of regenerating, and thus amplifying, glucocorticoids in key metabolic tissues such as liver and adipose tissue. To determine the effects of global 11beta-HSD1 inhibition on metabolic syndrome risk factors, we subcutaneously injected "Western"-type diet-fed hyperlipidemic mice displaying moderate or severe obesity [LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice and mice derived from heterozygous agouti (A(y)/a) and homozygous LDLR(-/-) breeding pairs (A(y)/a;LDLR(-/-) mice)] with the nonselective 11beta-HSD inhibitor carbenoxolone for 4 wk. Body composition throughout the study, end-point fasting plasma, and extent of hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis were assessed. This route of treatment led to detection of high levels of carbenoxolone in liver and fat and resulted in decreased weight gain due to reduced body fat mass in both mouse models. However, only A(y)/a;LDLR(-/-) mice showed an effect of 11beta-HSD1 inhibition on fasting insulin and plasma lipids, coincident with a reduction in VLDL due to mildly increased VLDL clearance and dramatically decreased hepatic triglyceride production. A(y)/a;LDLR(-/-) mice also showed a greater effect of the drug on reducing atherosclerotic lesion formation. These findings indicate that subcutaneous injection of an 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor allows for the targeting of the enzyme in not only liver, but also adipose tissue, and attenuates many metabolic syndrome risk factors, with more pronounced effects in cases of severe obesity and hyperlipidemia.
A New Family of Zwitterionic Liquids Arising from a Phase Transition of Ammonium Inner Salts Containing an Ether Bond (2004)

Abstract Aliphatic and alicyclic ammonium inner salts containing an ether bond were prepared as a new family of zwitterionic liquids. Ether bond is not only effective for lowering melting points of ammonium-type zwitterions but also interesting to realize unique solid–solid transition.
Electroluminescent Organic and Quantum Dot LEDs: The State of the Art (2015)

A detailed background into the reasons for the feverish interest and growing impact on commercial market share of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology for lighting and display applications is given. Following this, the increasing discussion over whether electroluminescent devices based on quantum dots will ever challenge that of organics in displays is considered. The unique physics and chemistry of quantum dots results in narrow emission bands and increased stability over organic dyes meaning the potential for this is significant. The current best efficiencies of quantum dot devices and associated device structures from the literature are presented followed by a comparison of devices fabricated with organic materials, in particular those of polymers, metal complexes (fluorescent and phosphorescent) and small molecules.
The preparation and properties of some diphosphines R2PCH2CH2PR2(R = alkyl or aryl) and of their rhenium(I) dinitrogen derivatives (1985)

The synthesis of a range of diphosphines R2PCH2CH2PR2 from Cl2PCH2CH2PCl2 is described. The properties of a series of complexes [ReCl(N2)(R2PCH2CH2PR2)2] derived from them are discussed. The relationship between the values of E½ox and ν(N2) for the complexes suggests that electron-withdrawing substituents on the diphosphine upset the usual balance of σ and π effects in rhenium–dinitrogen bonding.
Fabricating multifunctional microbubbles and nanobubbles for concurrent ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (2010)

Background: Clinical ultrasound (US) uses ultrasonic scattering contrast to characterize subcutaneous anatomic structures. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging detects the functional properties of thick biological tissue with high optical contrast. In the case of image-guided cancer ablation therapy, simultaneous US and PA imaging can be useful for intraoperative assessment of tumor boundaries and ablation margins. In this regard, accurate co-registration between imaging modalities and high sensitivity to cancer cells are important. Methods: We synthesized poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microbubbles (MBs) and nanobubbles (NBs) encapsulating India ink or indocyanine green (ICG). Multiple tumor simulators were fabricated by entrapping ink MBs or NBs at various concentrations in gelatin phantoms for simultaneous US and PA imaging. MBs and NBs were also conjugated with CC49 antibody to target TAG-72, a human glycoprotein complex expressed in many epithelial-derived cancers. Results: Accurate co-registration and intensity correlation were observed in US and PA images of MB and NB tumor simulators. MBs and NBs conjugating with CC49 effectively bound with over-expressed TAG-72 in LS174T colon cancer cell cultures. ICG was also encapsulated in MBs and NBs for the potential to integrate US, PA, and fluorescence imaging. Conclusions: Multifunctional MBs and NBs can be potentially used as a general contrast agent for multimodal intraoperative imaging of tumor boundaries and therapeutic margins.
Polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1 and ERCC2 and biomarkers of DNA damage in human blood mononuclear cells (2000)

Polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have recently been identified, but little is known about their phenotypic significance. To determine whether variation in DNA repair genes is related to host DNA damage, we studied the association between polymorphisms in XRCC1 (codon 399) and ERCC2 (codon 751) and two markers of DNA damage, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies (n = 76) and polyphenol DNA adducts (n = 61). SCE frequencies were determined using a modified fluorescence-Giemsa method and polyphenol DNA adducts were determined using a P1-enhanced (32)P-post-labeling procedure. XRCC1 and ERCC2 genotypes were identified using PCR-RFLP. Mean SCE frequencies among current smokers who were homozygous carriers of the 399Gln allele in XRCC1 were greater than those in 399Arg/Arg current smokers. We also observed a possible gene-dosage effect for XRCC1 399Gln and detectable DNA adducts, and significantly more adducts among older subjects who were carriers of the 399Gln allele than in younger subjects with the 399Arg/Arg genotype. The polymorphism in ERCC2 was unrelated to SCE frequency or DNA adduct level. Our results suggest that carriers of the polymorphic XRCC1 399Gln allele may be at greater risk for tobacco- and age-related DNA damage.
Dramas at home (2013)

First there was an open-air version of Into the Woods at Regent's Park, then David Suchet and Zoe Wanamaker in All My Sons at the Apollo Theatre, and finally Sian Phillips in Lovesong at the Lyric, Hammersmith. I didn't leave home, it cost me less than the price of a theatre program, and I may have been watching the beginning of an e-theatre revolution.
Computer program for calculation of complex chemical equilibrium compositions (1972)

Computer program is described for numerical solution of chemical equilibria in complex systems by using nonlinear algebraic equations. Free-energy minimization technique is used.
A class of frequency hop codes with nearly ideal characteristics for use in multiple-access spread-spectrum communications and radar and sonar systems (1992)

The problem of constructing frequency hop codes for use in multiuser communication systems such as multiple-access spread-spectrum communications and multiuser radar and sonar systems is addressed. Previous frequency hopping techniques are reviewed. The construction of a new family of frequency hopping codes called hyperbolic frequency hop codes is given. The concepts of multiple-access spread-spectrum communication systems and multiuser radar and sonar systems are reviewed, and it is shown that the hyperbolic frequency hop codes possess nearly ideal characteristics for use in both types of system. Specifically, in multiple-access communications the codes achieve minimum error probability, while in radar and sonar systems the codes have at most two hits in their auto- and cross-ambiguity function. Examples of address assignment for multiple-access communications systems and radar and sonar auto- and cross-ambiguity functions are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Personality Predictions Based on User Behavior on the Facebook Social Media Platform (2018)

With the development of social networks, a large variety of approaches have been developed to define users' personalities based on their social activities and language use habits. Particular approaches differ with regard to different machine learning algorithms, data sources, and feature sets. The goal of this paper is to investigate the predictability of the personality traits of Facebook users based on different features and measures of the Big 5 model. We examine the presence of structures of social networks and linguistic features relative to personality interactions using the my Personality project data set. We analyze and compare four machine learning models and perform the correlation between each of the feature sets and personality traits. The results for the prediction accuracy show that even if tested under the same data set, the personality prediction system built on the XGBoost classifier outperforms the average baseline for all the feature sets, with a highest prediction accuracy of 74.2%. The best prediction performance was reached for the extra version trait by using the individual social network analysis features set, which achieved a higher personality prediction accuracy of 78.6%.
Nogo-A-Deficient Mice Reveal Strain-Dependent Differences in Axonal Regeneration (2006)

Nogo-A, a membrane protein enriched in myelin of the adult CNS, inhibits neurite growth and regeneration; neutralizing antibodies or receptor blockers enhance regeneration and plasticity in the injured adult CNS and lead to improved functional outcome. Here we show that Nogo-A-specific knock-outs in backcrossed 129X1/SvJ and C57BL/6 mice display enhanced regeneration of the corticospinal tract after injury. Surprisingly, 129X1/SvJ Nogo-A knock-out mice had two to four times more regenerating fibers than C57BL/6 Nogo-A knock-out mice. Wild-type newborn 129X1/SvJ dorsal root ganglia in vitro grew a much higher number of processes in 3 d than C57BL/6 ganglia, confirming the stronger endogenous neurite growth potential of the 129X1/SvJ strain. cDNA microarrays of the intact and lesioned spinal cord of wild-type as well as Nogo-A knock-out animals showed a number of genes to be differentially expressed in the two mouse strains; many of them belong to functional categories associated with neurite growth, synapse formation, and inflammation/immune responses. These results show that neurite regeneration in vivo, under the permissive condition of Nogo-A deletion, and neurite outgrowth in vitro differ significantly in two widely used mouse strains and that Nogo-A is an important endogenous inhibitor of axonal regeneration in the adult spinal cord.