gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonfatal fall-related injuries associated with dogs and cats --- United States, 2001--2006 (2009)

Falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries in the United States. In 2006, nearly 8 million persons were treated in emergency departments (EDs) for fall injuries. Pets might present a fall hazard, but few data are available to support this supposition. To assess the incidence of fall-related injuries associated with cats and dogs, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for the period 2001--2006. This report describes the results of that analysis, which showed that an estimated average of 86,629 fall injuries each year were associated with cats and dogs, for an average annual injury rate of 29.7 per 100,000 population. Nearly 88% of injuries were associated with dogs, and among persons injured, females were 2.1 times more likely to be injured than males. Prevention strategies should focus on 1) increasing public awareness of pets and pet items as fall hazards and of situations that can lead to fall injuries and 2) reinforcing American Veterinary Medical Association recommendations emphasizing obedience training for dogs. Language: en
Ein Jahr nach dem Gazakrieg : ist der Nahe Osten noch arabisch? (2009)

Der 27. Dezember 2009 markiert den ersten Jahrestag des Beginns des Gazakriegs. Der bis dato letzte Akt im israelisch-palästinensischen Gewaltkonflikt verdeutlicht eine Entwicklung, die weit über den kleinen Küstenstreifen am Mittelmeer hinausgeht. Regionalpolitisch verdeutlicht er vor allem die gestiegene Bedeutung von arabisch-islamistischen Organisationen wie Hamas und Hisbollah und untermauert die generelle Kräfteverschiebung der nahöstlichen Ordnung zulasten traditioneller Akteure wie Ägypten und Saudi-Arabien. (GIGA)
Dynamic Beam Switching by Liquid Crystal Tunable Dielectric Metasurfaces (2018)

Dynamic steering of laser beams by ultrathin optical metasurfaces is a significant research advance for possible applications in remote ranging and sensing. A unique platform for such important functionalities is offered by dielectric metasurfaces that have the highest transmission efficiency. However, the realization of dynamically tunable metasurfaces still remains a challenge. Here we experimentally demonstrate the dynamic switching of beam deflection by a silicon-nanodisk dielectric metasurface infiltrated with liquid crystals. In particular, we show the switching of a laser beam from 0° to a 12° angle with an efficiency of 50% by heating the metasurface to modify the liquid crystal state from nematic to isotropic. Our results open important opportunities for tunable ultrathin beam steering metadevices.
Genome Sequencing Technology and Algorithms (2007)

The 2003 completion of the Human Genome Project was just one step in the evolution of DNA sequencing. Now from a who's who of pioneers in the field comes the latest genome sequencing and assembly advances that are redefining the field. This trail-blazing book gives researchers, unparalleled access to state-of-the-art DNA sequencing technologies, new algorithmic sequence assembly techniques, and emerging methods for both resequencing and genome analysis that together form the most solid foundation possible for tackling experimental and computational challenges in the genome sciences today. Including critiques of existing techniques, this far-reaching resource offers researchers assistance in achieving more rapid and accurate DNA sequencing and developing the next generation of high-throughput methods and devices.
Automated multidimensional coherent optical spectroscopy with multiple phase-related femtosecond pulses (1995)

Multidimensional spectroscopy with femtosecond phase-related pulse sequences, in which the relative delays and optical phases of pulses are scanned during spectroscopic observation, is demonstrated on electronic transitions in atomic potassium vapor. The pulse sequences were constructed using emerging femtosecond pulse-shaping techniques that allow for automated generation of complex ultrafast waveforms. Sequences of two and three pulses with specified optical phase relationships and interpulse delays were used to prepare specified coherent states.
Improvement of the Durability of GFRC by Silica Fume Treatments (1990)

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The ubiquitin-proteasome system and activation of NF-κB: involvement of the ubiquitin ligase KPC1 in p105 processing and tumor suppression (2015)

The p50 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is generated from processing of the p105 precursor. We identified KIP1 ubiquitination-promoting complex 1 (KPC1) as the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase mediating this process. Overexpression of KPC1 results in tumor suppression, probably due to the generation of p50-p50 homodimers. It appears that high levels of KPC1 and nuclear p50 are important for maintaining the non-malignant state.
A double‐blind, randomized, parallel group study of omeprazole and ranitidine in Korean patients with gastric ulcer (1994)

The efficacy of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole, 20 mg every morning, was compared with that of the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine, 150 mg every morning and at bedtime, in a double-blind randomized parallel group study in 250 patients with gastric or prepyloric ulcers. At both 4 and 8 weeks, significantly more patients had healed ulcers in the omeprazole group than the ranitidine group, whether the results were analysed on a per-protocol or an intention-to-treat basis. At 4 weeks, 74% of patients in the omeprazole group were healed compared with 51% in the ranitidine group (P = 0.001), and at 8 weeks the corresponding values were 99 and 82% (P = 0.001, per-protocol cohort). Omeprazole treatment and small ulcer size significantly increased the probability of healing, but smoking had no significant effect. Patients in the omeprazole group had significantly fewer occurrences of daytime epigastric pain during the first 4 weeks than the ranitidine group (P = 0.0037), as shown by their diary cards. Both treatments were well tolerated.
Metrology for electron-beam lithography and resist contrast at the sub-10 nm scale (2010)

Exploring the resolution limit of electron-beam lithography is of great interest both scientifically and technologically. However, when electron-beam lithography approaches its resolution limit, imaging and metrology of the fabricated structures by using standard scanning electron microscopy become difficult. In this work, the authors adopted transmission-electron and atomic-force microscopies to improve the metrological accuracy and to analyze the resolution limit of electron-beam lithography. With these metrological methods, the authors found that sub-5 nm sparse features could be readily fabricated by electron-beam lithography, but dense 16 nm pitch structures were difficult to yield. Measurements of point- and line-spread functions suggested that the resolution in fabricating sub-10 nm half-pitch structures was primarily limited by the resist-development processes, meaning that the development rates depended on pattern density and/or length scale.
Prognostic factors in elderly patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. (2001)

PS, treatment and serum sodium level were important factors for survival, and most patients with good PS were able to undergo the treatment and have a good outcome.
High-speed charge-to-count data domain converter for analytical measurement systems (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-speed charge-to-count data domain converter for analytical measurement systemsT. A. Woodruff and H. V. MalmstadtCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 9, 1162–1170Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60345a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60345a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular genetic bases of <i>Salmonella</i> entry into host cells (1996)

Salmonella spp. can enter into non-phagocytic cells, a property that is essential for their pathogenicity. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular genetic bases of this process. It is now evident that Salmonella entry functions are largely encoded on a 35-40 kb region of the Salmonella chromosome located at centisome 63. The majority of the loci in this region encode components of a type III or contact-dependent secretion system homologous to those described in a variety of animal and plant-pathogenic bacteria as well as a number of proteins that require this system for their export to the extracellular environment. A somewhat unexpected finding has been the remarkable homology between the Salmonella and Shigella proteins that mediate the entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells.
Penetration of Polycrystalline Alumina by Glass at High Temperatures (1987)

An analysis of interfacial energies in a solid‐liquid system showed that complete penetration of a liquid along grain boundaries in a microstructure forming during liquid‐phase sintering is not necessarily associated with complete wetting or spreading at the solid‐liquid interface. Investigations were made on the penetration of CaO‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 glasses into dense polycrystalline aluminas. Initial penetration was along three‐grain junctions or grain boundaries by a solution/reaction between the liquid and defect‐containing alumina along interfaces. Degree of penetration was variable, and it was dependent on internal strain and MgO addition. Extended heat treatments reduced liquid penetration.
A compact time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for high‐flux cosmic dust analysis (2004)

Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers on spacecraft are the most direct method for determining chemical composition of cosmic dust grains. Miniaturization of these instruments presents many challenges. Larger space‐charge effects, greater deviations from the paraxial approximation, and various ion‐optical aberrations negatively affect mass resolution in small time‐of‐flight instruments. We report on the building and testing of an instrument design that may reduce these effects. In addition to a linear reflectron, ions pass through a ring aperture that transmits only those ions with transverse velocity components that fall within a specific range. This novel design focuses ions onto a detector with greatly reduced spherical aberration. Space‐charge effects and the effects of impact plate cratering and grid scatter are also reduced using this design. Controlled impacts of iron microparticles at several km/s demonstrate instrument performance. This instrument is suited for characterization of cosmic dust in regions of very high dust flux, such as a comet flyby, and it may also have practical laboratory or field applications.
Guanidino N-Substituted and N,N-Disubstituted Derivatives of the κ-Opioid Antagonist GNTI (2003)

Derivatives of the highly selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist GNTI (2a) have been prepared. Binding and functional studies conducted on cloned human opioid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells suggested that adding a benzyl or a substituted benzyl group to the guanidino moiety led, in general, to a retention of high kappa-affinity and antagonist potency. Disubstitution of the guanidino moiety led to reduced kappa-selectivity.
The [Mn(μ‐O)(μ‐PhBO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> Unit: A New Structural Model for Manganese‐Containing Metalloproteins (1996)

By employing boronato instead of carboxylato bridges in the dication [Mn (μ‐O)‐(μ‐PhBO 2 ) 2 L 2 ] 2+ (L = 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane), a Mn unit has been stabilized for the first time. Together with the di‐μ‐carboxylato‐μ‐oxodimanganese complexes of analogous structure, there is now an “isostructural series” available containing Mn , Mn II Mn III , Mn , Mn III Mn IV , Mn units. The Mn K‐edge energy of the corresponding complexes increases linearly with increasing oxidation level. This is of importance for EXAFS investigations of metalloproteins containing manganese.
Evaluation and differential diagnosis of dyspareunia. (2001)

Dyspareunia is genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. Although this condition has historically been defined by psychologic theories, the current treatment approach favors an integrated pain model. Identification of the initiating and promulgating factors is essential to reaching a successful diagnosis. The differential diagnoses include vaginismus, inadequate lubrication, atrophy and vulvodynia (vulvar vestibulitis). Less common etiologies are endometriosis, pelvic congestion, adhesions or infections, and adnexal pathology. Urethral disorders, cystitis and interstitial cystitis may also cause painful intercourse. The location of the pain may be described as entry or deep. Vulvodynia, atrophy, inadequate lubrication and vaginismus are associated with painful entry. Deep pain occurs with the other conditions previously noted. The physical examination may reproduce the pain, such as localized pain with vulvar vestibulitis, when the vagina is touched with a cotton swab. The involuntary spasm of vaginismus may be noted with insertion of an examining finger or speculum. Palpation of the lateral vaginal walls, uterus, adnexa and urethral structures helps identify the cause. An understanding of the present organic etiology must be integrated with an appreciation of the ongoing psychologic factors and negative expectations and attitudes that perpetuate the pain cycle.
Hemoglobin‐Based Oxygen Carriers: History, Limits, Brief Summary of the State of the Art, Including Clinical Trials (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction American Society of Anesthesiologists Guidelines and Risks of Blood Transfusion Limitations of Blood Transfusion History Development Definitive Clinical Trials Current Status and Future Directions of HBOCs References
Constructing an EJB application in a WFMS (2003)

A workflow system provides enterprises with automatic and paperless process management. The idea of Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is to utilize components from various vendors to construct an application which has the characteristics of scalability, security, distributed, and fast development. An EJB module and enterprise beans are implemented. A workflow designer may use this module to invoke the business methods defined in the enterprise bean on the outer application server. The EJB module may facilitate component development of a workflow system, and reuse existing components to fulfill the function needed.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase glucocerebrosidase activity in Gaucher disease by modulation of molecular chaperones (2012)

Gaucher disease is caused by mutations of the GBA gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). GBA mutations often result in protein misfolding and premature degradation, but usually exert less effect on catalytic activity. In this study, we identified the molecular mechanism by which histone deacetylase inhibitors increase the quantity and activity of GCase. Specifically, these inhibitors limit the deacetylation of heat shock protein 90, resulting in less recognition of the mutant peptide and GCase degradation. These findings provide insight into a possible therapeutic strategy for Gaucher disease and other genetic disorders by modifying molecular chaperone and protein degradation pathways.
CD-SEM application for generic analysis of two-dimensional features on wafers and reticles (2004)

SEM Metrology becomes the standard metrology for the mask industry, as the precision and accuracy requirements tighten continuously. At the same time, analysis of general shape features becomes an important task in wafer metrology. In this paper we consider the basic requirements and suggested implementations for performing 2D metrology on reticles and wafers, [i.e. measurements of OPC (Optical Proximity Correction) structures, End of Lines, Dual Damascene and Corner Rounding]. The authors consider the following challenges related to the development of a generic algorithm for general shape 2D analysis: (1) A generic segmentation of the feature. It should be robust to noise, as well as brightness and contrast changes. (2) The complexity of two dimensional general shape features metrology. Standard CD SEM metrology is based on metrics describing simple geometric shapes such as ellipses and lines). (3) Obtaining such metrics that can be used as handles for process control (i.e. what to measure on the 2D feature). In the first part of the paper we describe a novel algorithm for segmentation and geometric analysis of general shape features based on a Smoothing Spline and the methods of differential geometry. Next, we consider the numerical methods implemented for shape analysis of noisy contours. In the second part of the paper the performance of our methods on synthetic contours of circular arc with different noise levels is demonstrated. We conclude with sample results of several suggested metrics measured on real SEM images of reticles and wafers.
Design and Evaluation of Prototype High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting Linear Synchronous Motor for High-Speed Transportation (2020)

We developed a prototype of a high-Tc superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (LSM) and evaluated its operational performances to obtain the preliminary design data for a test vehicle having a speed of 518.4 km/h. The HTS electromagnet was fabricated using a non-insulated (NI) GdBCO HTS coil, which was designed to produce a magnetomotive force of 300 kA-turns at a cooling temperature of 20 K. A two-stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler was used to cool the electromagnet. The prototype was tested up to 2.7 kN sufficient to the required thrust of the test vehicle. The thrust characteristics shown by changing the operating conditions were also consistent with the simulation results. The HTS electromagnet was successfully operated during the test, and there was no fault in the NI HTS coils. Finally, we confirmed the design feasibility of HTS LSM for a test vehicle.
The role of metabolites in predicting drug-drug interactions: focus on irreversible cytochrome P450 inhibition. (2010)

The irreversible inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can cause significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The formation of metabolites is fundamental for the inactivation of CYP enzymes. Of the 19 CYP enzyme inactivators for which the mechanism of action has been established, 10 have circulating metabolites, which are on the metabolic pathway to inactivation of the CYP enzyme. Because inactivation of CYP enzymes usually requires multiple metabolic steps, the prediction of interactions between metabolites and CYPs in vivo may require complex models and the availability of data generated in vitro from each metabolite. Data discussed in this review suggest that circulating metabolites are more important in CYP inhibition in vivo than has been acknowledged.
Effects of electrode size on basic excitatory responses and selected electric stimulator parameters (1992)

This electrical stimulation study investigates the effects of electrode size on the basic excitatory responses of four healthy Subjects. Four different sizes of self-adhesive surface electrodes from (2.25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) to (40.3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) were applied over the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles. The excitatory levels considered were sensory threshold (ST), motor threshold (MT), pain threshold (PT) and maximally tolerated painful (MP) stimulation. The stimulus was a symmetric biphasic waveform with 200 µSec phase duration and a repetition rate of 50 Hz. The amplitude of the stimulus was increased until the appropriate excitatory response was achieved, at which time the computerized system recorded the peak voltage and peak current and computed the associated phase charge. The data showed that for all dependent variables tested the largest electrode (40.3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) required about 40 percent lower peak voltage and 400 percent higher peak current compared to the smallest electrode (2.25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The ratio of the peak voltage to the peak current decreased non-linearly as electrode size increased. The data also showed that phase charge increased 700 percent and phase charge density (phase charge divided by electrode surface) decreased 60 percent as electrode size increased. The peak currents and phase charges that elicit a painful response were much lower as the electrode size became smaller. We concluded that electrode size effects are non-linearly related to the stimulus parameters required for inducing common excitatory responses. This information could be very useful in the development of a load simulating the electrode-tissue interface for different types of electrodes.
Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using pulsed lasers (1980)

The mode-locked laser systems available as excitation sources for fluorescence decay measurements using the method of time-correlated single photon counting are discussed. Because of the high stability requirements for successful operation of these lasers, an alternative pulsed excitation source, employing a CW laser with a cavity dumper is proposed. Although the pulse width from this source is large compared to those from the mode-locked systems, it is shown that when combined with a reliable deconvolution procedure, lifetimes in the nanosecond and sub-nanosecond time domain may be measured with fair accuracy. Examples are presented showing how the fluorescence from two component mixtures may be resolved, both spectrally and temporally, and how exciplex formation may be analysed.
Calcitonin Receptors of Kidney and Bone (1972)

Receptors for calcitonin, determined by activation of adenylate cyclase, were found in a distribution among zones of the kidney distinct from that of receptors for parathyroid hormone or vasopressin. Competitive binding studies showed that the receptors for calcitonin are similar in kidney and bone and that their high apparent affinity for salmon calcitonin accounts in part for the high biological potency in vivo of salmon calcitonin.