gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Analysis and Prediction of Electric Submersible Pump Failures in the Milne Point Field, Alaska (2002)

Summary Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are the predominant lift method used in the Milne Point field, Alaska. Each year, approximately 50 ESP failures occur, adversely affecting lifting costs, rig utility, and production. Statistical methods based on the Weibull distribution and the bathtub reliability model have been used to analyze ESP reliability data collected over a 13-year period. This analysis differs from earlier works by treating a portion of the infant failures (the early part of the bathtub model) as a series of Bernoulli trials. Analysis shows that the three main factors affecting ESP reliability in the Milne Point field are reservoir, sand control, and whether the ESP is the first installed in a well or is a replacement. Further, the ESP failure rate is shown to be dynamic, influenced by the delivery of new wells and the time lag between failure and replacement. The results have been incorporated into a computer-based failure simulator that uses Monte Carlo techniques to simulate the failure rates. Numerical values for the statistical parameters are included with the details of the simulator. The simulator is currently used within the Milne Point field asset as a planning tool to establish changes in rig utility, production loss, and ESP replacement strategies in a cash-constrained environment. It is also used to assess improvements in ESP performance and to secure commercial terms for ESP lease and purchase options. In the future, it is recommended that the simulator be used, with suitable analog data, to predict the economic impacts of ESP failures on development programs before sanction.
A quantitative study of leukocyte cohesion: effects of divalent cations and pH. (1977)

Leukocyte cell-to-cell adhesion was studied with a cell monolayer technique. The amount of protein retained on the coverslip reflected the number of adhering cells. When polymorphonuclear leukocytes were suspended in a balanced salt solution at neutral pH containing no bivalent cations, they adhered to the glass surface but not to each other. Magnesium or calcium at concentrations above 1 mM caused cell-to-cell adhesion. Stannous and chromate ions had no effect on leukocyte cell-to-cell adhesion. Acid pH also induced leukocyte aggregation. This last effect could be reversed by washing the cells with a balanced salt solution at neutral pH, but it could not be reversed by alcohol.
0.5-Tb/s Eye-Diagram Measurement by Optical Sampling Using XPM-Induced Wavelength Shifting in Highly Nonlinear Fiber (2004)

In this letter, we report on a novel all-optical sampling scheme using cross-phase modulation-induced wavelength shifting and optical filtering. Up to 500-Gb/s optical signal eye-diagram measurements have been demonstrated for the first time with a temporal resolution of 0.7 ps. Signal operational wavelength range covering basically the whole erbium-doped fiber amplifier gain range (1535-1569 nm) with temporal resolutions equal to or less than 1 ps was also demonstrated in the experiment. These results show that the sampling system is suitable for directly monitoring and evaluating ultrahigh bit-rate optical time-division multiplexed data at or above 160 Gb/s.
Human antibody response in human peripheral blood leukocyte/severe combined immunodeficient chimeric model is dependent on B and T cell costimulation via CD40/CD40 ligand (1995)

We have used a human/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse chimeric model (in which human PBLs are engrafted into SCID mice) to investigate in vivo the role of the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction in the generation of humoral immunity by engrafted human cells. It is established in this work that the thymic dependent, multiclonal, humoral immune response of human lymphocytes to mouse erythrocyte protein Ags is inhibited significantly when CD40/CD40L ligation is prevented in vivo. Suppression of the response was observed with administration of neutralizing Abs specific for either CD40 or CD40L, or with the soluble fusion protein human CD40-Fc. Human anti-mouse erythrocyte Abs and the total human Ig levels in the sera of the SCID mice were suppressed for up to 10 wk when the neutralizing agents were administered at the time of human leukocyte engraftment, i.e., coincident with Ag stimulation, and subsequently at 2 and 4 days after Ag stimulation. These results are the first to demonstrate the ability of CD40/CD40L blocking agents to inhibit the human Ag-specific humoral immune response in vivo, and they sustain the notion that these blocking agents may be utilized clinically to eliminate immune responses associated with autoimmunity or allergy. In addition to confirming the importance of the CD40/CD40L interaction of T and B cells in vivo, it is established in this work that the mouse erythrocyte-specific humoral immune response of the lymphocytes in the human PBL/SCID mouse model is a bona fide T cell-dependent response, and that this is a viable model with which to study human lymphocyte activation in vivo. These results also suggest that the costimulatory activation of human B and T cells is not dependent on the microenvironment of the germinal centers.
Enhancement Action of Sulfated Hyaluronan on the ALPase Activity of Rat Calvarial Osteoblasts (2005)

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of hyaluronan (Hya) and sulfated hyaluronan (SHya) on rat calvarial osteoblast (rOB) cells proliferation and differentiation in vitro. rOB cells were cultured in the presence of Hya with different molecular weights (0.2, 2, 30, 90, 120 x 104) for 10days. Hya did not affect the proliferation of rOB cells. However, SHya suppressed the proliferation of rOB cells. The alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity of rOB cells cultured with SHya for 10 days was significantly enhanced in comparison with control (in the absence of polysaccharides) and with Hya. Hya suppressed the ALPase activity of rOB cells. As a result, SHya can control rOB cells proliferation and differentiation. SHya suppressed the rOB cells proliferation in a few culture days and promoted the differentiation. It was suggested that these effects were based on the sulfate groups of SHya. Therefore, it is considered that SHya is useful for the biomedical material, which promotes the differentiation of rOB cells.
Deuk Laser Disc Repair<sup>®</sup>is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic cervical disc disease (2013)

Deuk Laser Disc Repair(®) is a safe and effective alternative to ACDF or arthroplasty for the treatment of one or two adjacent symptomatic cervical disc herniations with an overall success rate of 94.6%.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of 8-Alkynyl-, 8-Alkenyl-, and 8-Alkyl-2'-deoxyadenosine Analogs (1994)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine with terminal alkynes in the presence of copper(I) iodide in dimethylformamide resulted in a series of 8-(1-alkyn-1-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosines. Hydrogenation of alkynyl derivatives over 10% Pd/C under atmospheric pressure gave 8-n-alkyl analogues in nearly quantitative yields. On partial saturation of heptynyl, pentynyl, and propynyl derivatives over Lindlar catalyst, the corresponding cis-olefins were obtained along with minor amounts of trans isomers. Of the analogues tested, the following showed some activity, i.e. they were found to be active at concentrations that were at least 3-fold lower than the cytotoxic concentrations: the 8-heptynyl derivative against vaccinia virus (VV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); the 8-propyl derivative against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and CMV; the 8-pentyl derivative against CMV; the 8-heptyl derivative against VV, CMV, RSV, and influenza A; and the 8-heptenyl derivative against VV, RSV, and influenza A. The unsubstituted 2'-deoxyadenosine did not show any antiviral effect, except against RSV. Except for 8-propyl-dA, the antivirally active dA analogues were rather inhibitory to the growth of human embryonic lung cells. The most cytotoxic was the 8-ethynyl derivative.
Isoazalene, I. 4‐Aryl‐3‐carboxy‐pyridine als Ausgangssubstanzen für <i>N</i>‐Methyl‐1.2‐benzisoazalene (1962)

Abstract Als Ausgangsprodukte für die Synthese von N ‐Methyl‐1.2‐benzisoazalenen wurden 3‐Carboxy‐pyridine mit carbo‐ oder heterocyclischen Resten in 4‐Stellung (4‐Aryl‐nicotinsäuren, Tab. 5) in einer 5 stufigen Synthese dargestellt.
A 50MS/s 9.9mW pipelined ADC with 58dB SNDR in 0.18&#x00B5;m CMOS using capacitive charge-pumps (2009)

In the interest of extending battery life in mobile systems that use pipelined ADCs, several power-efficient pipelined ADCs have recently been proposed. The most promising topologies reported thus far are those that substitute the opamp, which is the largest consumer of power in pipelined ADCs, with alternative and more power-efficient circuits. However, opamp-less pipelined ADCs thus far either: 1) require complex nonlinear calibration, 2) are single- ended, 3) are pseudo-differential, or 4) require a sampling scheme that limits linearity (less than 8b ENOB). In this paper, a low-power pipelined ADC is presented that has significantly lower power consumption than many previous 10b ADCs in the mid-to-high speed range. The ADC does not require power-hungry opamps, and hence achieves similar power savings. However, unlike prior opamp-free topologies, the ADC: 1) requires only stage-gain digital calibration, 2) uses fully differential pipelined stages, and 3) uses a sampling scheme that can achieve high linearity (SFDR of 66dB and better than 9b ENOB).
Is lipid peroxidation relevant to atherogenesis? (1999)

Many lines of evidence suggest that LDL, the major carrier of blood cholesterol, becomes atherogenic as a result of oxidation (reviewed in refs. 1–3). One of the most persuasive observations is that structurally unrelated lipid-soluble antioxidants inhibit atherogenesis in animal models of hypercholesterolemia. For example, probucol, butylated hydroxytoluene, and N,N′-diphenyl-phenylenediamine all inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro, and retard the progression of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, mice, and quail. Moreover, probucol exerts a significant effect on thoracic atherosclerosis in primates with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. These observations may be relevant to human disease, because a recent clinical trial of vitamin E suggests that antioxidant therapy inhibits the clinical sequelae of atherosclerosis (4).
Effects of deuterium substitution on the electron-transfer reactions (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleEffects of deuterium substitution on the electron-transfer reactionsRaymond Chang and Robert CoombeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 3, 447–448Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100673a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100673a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Context-Aware Artifacts: Two Development Approaches (2006)

To create context-aware artifacts, developers can choose a self-supported or infrastructure-based approach. This article surveys these approaches and their implementations in various devices, also considering associated challenges and future research directions. Creating context awareness generally follows two main approaches. In self-supported context awareness, designers build the ability to perceive context, reason with it, and act accordingly into the device or its dedicated hardware support. In infrastructure-supported context awareness, designers obtain context-aware capabilities by harnessing a hardware and software infrastructure external to and associated with the device's space. Such an infrastructure might implement the context-aware behavior of specific objects and devices or act as a general context-aware infrastructure.
Intelligent Networks: Principles and Applications (2002)

This book explains the principles of intelligent telecommunications networks and illustrates them with many practical examples of applications. Although international standards are beginning to emerge, they are far from simple and this text offers insight into the underlying principles.The principles are then extended into the technologies of mobility, broadband and the Internet, together with discussion of managing intelligence in communications and how to charge for it.
The Determination of Molecular-Motion Parameters from Proton-Relaxation-Enhancement Measurements in a Number of Gd(III) . antibody-fragment Complexes. A Comparative Study (1977)

Longitudinal and transverse proton relaxation rates for water in the hydration spheres of Gd(III) bound to the non-immune rabbit IgG fragments Fc (C-terminal half of heavy-chain dimer), pFc' (C-terminal quarter of heavy-chain dimer) and Fab (N-terminal half of heavy and light chain) have been measured at a number of frequencies and temperatures using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. For the fragments Fc and pFc', a full computer analysis showed that the results could be fitted by parameters of similar magnitude to those found previously for IgG. In contrast to the results for the other complexes the Fab -Gd(III) complex showed no slow exchange contribution to the relaxation rates. Under these circumstances it was found possible to obtain an accurate value for the hydration number (q) from measurements of the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates at a chosen frequency such that the product of the nuclear Larmor frequency (omega1) and the correlation time for the dipolar relaxation processes (tauc) was approximately unity. Water-proton relaxation rates were also determined for the complex of Gd(III) with the Fv fragment of the mouse myeloma protein MOPC 315. A computer analysis of the results revealed a slow exchange contribution to the rates and this gave errors in the variable parameters similar to those observed previously for IgG, Fc and pFc'. The conclusions drawn from the different systems are discussed in terms of the present state of application of the proton relaxation enhancement technique in biology.
Fully automated analysis of activities catalysed by the major human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes: assessment of human CYP inhibition potential (1999)

1. Fully automated inhibition screens for the major human hepatic cytochrome P450s have been developed and validated. Probe assays were the fluorometric-based ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation for CYP1A2 and radiometric analysis of erythromycin N-demethylation for CYP3A4, dextromethorphan O-demethylation for CYP2D6, naproxen O-demethylation for CYP2C9 and diazepam N-demethylation for CYP2C19. For the radiometric assays > 99.7% of 14C-labelled substrate was routinely extracted from incubations by solid-phase extraction. 2. Furafylline, sulphaphenazole, omeprazole, quinidine and ketoconazole were identified as specific markers for the respective CYP1A2 (IC50 = 6 microM), CYP2C9 (0.7 microM), CYP2C19 (6 microM), CYP2D6 (0.02 microM) and CYP3A4 (0.2 microM) inhibition screens. 3. For the radiometric methods, a two-point IC50 estimate was validated by correlating the IC50 obtained with a full (seven-point) assay (r2 = 0.98, p < 0.001). The two-point IC50 estimate is useful for initial screening, while the full IC50 method provides more definitive quantitation, where required. 4. IC50 determined for a series of test compounds in human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450 cDNA-expressed enzymes were similar (r2 = 0.89, p < 0.001). In particular, the CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 screens demonstrated the flexibility to accept either enzyme source. As a result of incomplete substrate selectivity, expressed enzymes were utilized for analysis of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 inhibition. Good agreement was demonstrated between IC50 determined in these assays to IC50 published by other laboratories using a wide range of analytical techniques, which provided confidence in the universality of these inhibition screens. 5. These automated screens for initial assessment of P450 inhibition potential allow rapid determination of IC50. The radiometric assays are flexible, sensitive, robust and free from analytical interference, and they should permit the identification and eradication of inhibitory structural motifs within a series of potential drug candidates.
Differential Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Biphenyls on [3H]Arachidonic Acid Release in Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons (2002)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are widely used as flame-retardants, have been increasing in environmental and human tissue samples during the past 20-30 years, while other structurally related, persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (on a TEQ basis), have decreased. PBDEs have been detected in human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk, and developmental and long-term exposure to these contaminants may pose a human health risk, especially to children. Previously, we demonstrated that PCBs, which cause neurotoxic effects, including changes in learning and memory, stimulated the release of [(3)H]arachidonic acid ([(3)H]AA) by a cPLA(2)/iPLA(2)-dependent mechanism. PLA(2)(phospholipase A(2)) activity has been associated with learning and memory, and AA has been identified as a second messenger involved in synaptic plasticity. The objective of the present study was to test whether PBDE mixtures (DE-71 and DE-79), like other organohalogen mixtures, have a similar action on [(3)H]AA release in an in vitro neuronal culture model. Cerebellar granule cells at 7 days in culture were labeled with [(3)H]AA for 16-20 h and then exposed in vitro to PBDEs. DE-71, a mostly pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture, significantly stimulated [(3)H]AA release at concentrations as low as 10 microg/ml, while DE-79, a mostly octabromodiphenyl ether mixture, did not stimulate [(3)H]AA release, even at 50 microg/ml. The release of [(3)H]AA by DE-71 is time-dependent, and a significant increase was seen after only 5-10 min of exposure. The removal and chelation of calcium from the exposure buffer, using 0.3 mM EGTA, significantly attenuated the DE-71-stimulated [(3)H]AA release; however, only an 18% inhibition of the release was demonstrated for the calcium replete conditions at 30 microg/ml DE-71. Methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate (5 microM), an inhibitor of cPLA(2)/iPLA(2), completely attenuated the DE-71-stimulated [(3)H]AA release. Further studies focused on comparing the effects of DE-71 with PCB mixtures such as Aroclors 1016 and 1254. Both PCB mixtures stimulated [(3)H]AA release in a concentration-dependent manner; however, the effect for PCBs was about two times greater than that of the PBDEs on a weight basis, but was comparable on a molar basis. These results indicate that PBDEs stimulated the release of [(3)H]AA by activating PLA(2), which is similar to the effect of other organohalogen mixtures.
Backpropagation: the basic theory (1995)

Since the publication of the PDP volumes in 1986,1 learning by backpropagation has become the most popular method of training neural networks. The reason for the popularity is the underlying simplicity and relative power of the algorithm. Its power derives from the fact that, unlike its precursors, the perceptron learning
Reduced parts-count multi-level rectifiers (2002)

Multi-level power converters have gained much attention due to their high power quality, low switching losses, and high-voltage capability. These advantages make the multi-level converter a candidate topology for the next generation of naval ship propulsion systems. The primary disadvantage of these systems is the large number of semiconductors involved. This paper presents a reduced parts-count rectifier which is well suited for naval rectifier applications where bi-directional power flow is not required. The proposed converter is analyzed and experimentally verified on an 18 kW four-level rectifier/inverter system.
Ice Binding Proteins: Diverse Biological Roles and Applications in Different Types of Industry (2020)

More than 80% of Earth's surface is exposed periodically or continuously to temperatures below 5 °C. Organisms that can live in these areas are called psychrophilic or psychrotolerant. They have evolved many adaptations that allow them to survive low temperatures. One of the most interesting modifications is production of specific substances that prevent living organisms from freezing. Psychrophiles can synthesize special peptides and proteins that modulate the growth of ice crystals and are generally called ice binding proteins (IBPs). Among them, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) inhibit the formation of large ice grains inside the cells that may damage cellular organelles or cause cell death. AFPs, with their unique properties of thermal hysteresis (TH) and ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), have become one of the promising tools in industrial applications like cryobiology, food storage, and others. Attention of the industry was also caught by another group of IBPs exhibiting a different activity-ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). This review summarizes the current state of art and possible utilizations of the large group of IBPs.
Lösungsmittel‐Auswahl bei der Flüssig/Flüssig‐Extraktion unter physikalisch‐chemischen Aspekten (1985)

Abstract Selection of solvents in liquid‐liquid extraction according to physico‐chemical aspects . Selection of appropriate solvents for liquid‐liquid extraction is frequently necessary in process design. High selectivity and capacity are important, but not the only considerations in choosing suitable solvents. In comparing the various solvents, their selectivity and capacity should be examined at infinite dilution of the solute in the solvent. The required limiting activity coefficients may be estimated if no experimental data are available. A preselection of solvents may be accomplished by considering the interactions of the molecules. There are certain parameters quantifying the ability of the components to interact. Therefore, a selection based merely on dielectric constants or solubility parameters is hardly conclusive.
Effect of calcium chloride on portland cements and concretes (1935)

To study the effect of the addition of calcium chloride on portland cements of widely varying composition, and on portland-cement concretes, a carefully controlled laboratory investigation was conducted. Such measurements as heats of hydration, setting times, consistencies and the strengths at various ages under several curing temperatures were made.