gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Human Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Using a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1985)

Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed for the quantification of soluble human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The specificity of the assays for GFAP is ensured by the use of a monoclonal antibody directed against a GFAP-specific antigenic determinant. One ELISA is a four-layer system working in the concentration range 5-600 ng GFAP/ml. The other ELISA is a five-layer system and includes a biotin/avidin binding reaction. The latter assay has a working range of 0.5-60 ng GFAP/ml. The assays may be used for quantification of GFAP in CSFs, amniotic fluids, and extracts or homogenates of normal and pathological brain material. GFAP in serum could not be quantified because of unidentified interference. CSFs from 18 nonneurological subjects were found to contain 2-14 ng GFAP/ml (mean 4.1 ng/ml), whereas amniotic fluids from 50 normal pregnant women contained up to 24 ng GFAP/ml (mean 12.4 ng/ml). GFAP concentrations in CSFs from 32 multiple sclerosis patients were found not to be elevated compared to the control group.
Optical properties of vacancies in thermochemically reduced Mg-doped sapphire single crystals (2007)

Optical absorption and emission experiments were used to characterize defects and defect aggregates in Mg-doped Al2O3 crystals due to thermochemical reduction at high temperatures. Oxygen vacancies and higher-order defects are produced much more readily in Mg-doped than in undoped Al2O3 crystals. F+ and F centers (oxygen vacancies with one or two electrons, respectively) were monitored by their optical absorption bands at about 4.8 and 6.0eV, respectively. In contrast with undoped crystals, where the reduction produces primarily F centers and a small amount of F+ centers, in Mg-doped crystals both F and F+ centers are created in comparable concentrations. These thermally generated F and F+ centers are much more stable than those produced in undoped crystals irradiated with neutrons. Clustering of individual oxygen vacancies forming higher-order defects, such as anion divacancy F22+ and F2+ centers, was investigated by low temperature absorption and luminescence experiments, in conjunction with UV irradiation and thermal treatments. The strong absorption bands at 2.87 and 3.69eV were shown to be due to Mg-perturbed F22+ and F2+ centers, respectively. In addition, photoconversion of F22+ and F2+ centers was observed. In crystals containing large concentrations of F22+ centers, electrons excited by 5.0eV light are trapped by F22+ and F2+ centers resulting in the conversion of F22+ centers into F2+. A model of F-type centers was extended to F22+ and F2+ centers. The calculated optical parameters are in very good agreement with those determined experimentally. A simple analysis of the lattice energy suggests that the environments of the F2-type centers are different in TCR Al2O3 crystals and in n-irradiated undoped crystals.
The cyberspace lexicon (1994)

From the Publisher:
A unique reference for all those using the new electronic 'multimedia' arts, The Cyberspace Lexicon provides a much-needed guide through the maze of existing and emerging technologies. From arcade games to artificial intelligence, data superhighways to DTP, video graphics to virtual reality, this book explains all the essential concepts and technical terms. Arranged alphabetically, The Cyberspace Lexicon offers a variety of levels of information and access. Technologies are defined; innovatory organizations are profiled; key concepts are explained and 'buzzwords' clarified. Over 800 clear, concise dictionary entries, designed for quick reference, are complemented by illustrated features covering important issues. A comprehensive bibliography is also provided. The latest software and hardware is illustrated by hundreds of colour photographs, many of them appearing in printed form for the first time. This is the first book to offer a comprehensive and 'random access' approach to the new media. Both a cross-disciplinary glossary and an illustrated introduction to the subject, it is an invaluable resource for media professionals, students, and all those affected by the new digital technologies.
The Spray Drying of Food Flavors (2004)

Abstract Spray drying is the most commonly used technique for the production of dry flavorings. In spray drying, an aqueous infeed material (water, carrier, and flavor) is atomized into a stream of hot air. The atomized articles dry very rapidly, trapping volatile flavor constituents inside the droplets. The powder is recovered via cyclone collectors. Flavor retention is quite satisfactory if dryer operating parameters are properly chosen. Flavor retention is maximized by using a high infeed solids level, high viscosity infeed, optimum inlet (160–210°C) and high exit (>100°C) air temperatures, and high molecular weight flavor molecules. The shelf life of oxidizable flavor compounds is strongly influenced by the flavor carrier.
Fuelling the mechanisms of asthma: Increased fatty acid oxidation in inflammatory immune cells may represent a novel therapeutic target (2017)

These novel observations suggest that allergic airway inflammation increases FAO in inflammatory cells to support the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other factors important in the development of asthma. Inhibition of FAO by re-purposing existing drugs approved for the treatment of heart disease may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of asthma.
A new time-interleaved architecture for high-speed A/D converters (2004)

Time-interleaved ADCs (TIADCs) are among the fastest architectures adopted when speed is the bottleneck of the system. Real-time medical imaging and networked video are few examples of many applications using such fast ADCs. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is an important parameter of high-speed TIADCs. We propose a new time-interleaved ADC architecture that reduces the spurious components and allow us to obtain better SFDR with reasonable addition of control and delay circuits to the ADC. The proposed architecture is digitally oriented, i.e. does not need complex analog circuitries. Matlab simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in a multichannel ADC with arbitrary bit resolution and sampling rate. For a 12 bit ADC, the SFDR achieved using the proposed randomizing method can be as wide as -78 dBc.
A dual-functional electrochemical biosensor for the detection of prostate specific antigen and telomerase activity (2013)

A new dual-functional electrochemical biosensor for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and telomerase activity was successfully developed based on a sandwich immunobinding format and telomerization assisted hemin-G-quadruplex-based DNAzyme as a biolabel.
Transformations of 5‐HETE by activated keratinocyte 15‐lipoxygenase and the activation mechanism (1990)

There is convincing evidence that normal cultured human keratinocytes possess a 15-lipoxygenase activity which, however, does not appear to manifest itself without cell membrane damage. When "activated", this enzyme transforms arachidonic acid into 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), and linoleic acid into 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, presumably by peroxidase action on their respective hydroperoxy intermediates. Normal but not membrane-damaged keratinocytes metabolize exogenous 5-HETE, principally by esterifying the eicosanoid intact, primarily in the triacylglycerol fraction. In the present study, membrane-damaged keratinocytes were found to transform 5-HETE to 5,15-diHETE and also to a lipoxin-like group of tetraenes. Similar, if not identical, tetraenes were produced by action of the keratinocyte enzyme on 5(S),15(S)-diHETE, which points to the role of the latter as an intermediate between 5-HETE and the tetraenes. A direction for further study of the mechanism of the "activation" step is presented.
Fabrication of normally-off GaN nanowire gate-all-around FET with top-down approach (2016)

Lateral GaN nanowire gate-all-around transistor has been fabricated with top-down process and characterized. A triangle-shaped GaN nanowire with 56 nm width was implemented on the GaN-on-insulator (GaNOI) wafer by utilizing (i) buried oxide as sacrificial layer and (ii) anisotropic lateral wet etching of GaN in tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution. During subsequent GaN and AlGaN epitaxy of source/drain planar regions, no growth occurred on the nanowire, due to self-limiting growth property. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental mapping reveal that the GaN nanowire consists of only Ga and N atoms. The transistor exhibits normally-off operation with the threshold voltage of 3.5 V and promising performance: the maximum drain current of 0.11 mA, the maximum transconductance of 0.04 mS, the record off-state leakage current of ∼10−13 A/mm, and a very high Ion/Ioff ratio of 108. The proposed top-down device concept using the GaNOI wafer enables the fabrication of multiple parallel nanowires with positive threshold voltage and is advantageous compared with the bottom-up approach.
PPQ, a novel protein phosphatase containing a Ser+Asn‐rich amino‐terminal domain, is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis (1993)

The sequence of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cDNA encoding a novel 61-kDa protein serine/threonine phosphatase, termed PPQ1, is presented. The protein consists of two distinct domains: the carboxy-terminal phosphatase domain is approximately 60% identical to either PP1 or the carboxy-terminal domains of PPZ1 and PPZ2, while the amino-terminal region is rich in serine and asparagine. Deletion of the gene encoding PPQ1 reduces cell growth on several carbon sources, and lowers cell density in the stationary phase. Cells in which PPQ1 gene has been deleted show altered morphology from wild-type cells in the stationary phase in the absence of an essential amino acid and a reduced rate of protein synthesis in the exponential phase. They are hypersensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide and G418, implicating PPQ1 in the regulation of translation.
Adrenomedullin Selectivity of Calcitonin-like Receptor/Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins (2003)

Co-expression of an initially orphan calcitonin receptor-like (CL)1 receptor with individual receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMP)1, -2 and -3 results in CL receptor/RAMP1, -2 and -3 proteins at the cell surface. The RAMP define the selectivity of the CL receptor for the vasodilatory peptides adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The selectivity for AM and CGRP agonists and antagonists of human, rat, porcine and bovine CL receptors, co-expressed with RAMP2 and -3, has been studied in different cell types. This revealed CL receptor/RAMP2 and CL receptor/RAMP3 as AM1 and AM2 receptor subtypes, respectively. The AM1 receptor crossreacts with CGRP at high and the AM2 receptor at lower concentrations. Here the pharmacological properties of the cloned AM receptors are compared to those revealed in tissues and cell lines. According to nomenclature recommendation of the IUPHAR (International Union of Pharmacology) subcommittee XXXII, the former CRLR is now the CL receptor (1).
Self-Assembly and Characterization of Fullerene Monolayers on Si(100) Surfaces (1999)

Self-assembly of C60 molecules on planar n- or p-type Si(100) has been accomplished by direct tethering onto the Si surface without using any intermediate functional hydrocarbon chain. Photoresponse has been observed on these monolayer modified electrodes in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. The p-type Si(100) surface with a bound C60 monolayer is also capable of mediating redox reactions. These C60 monolayer modified Si electrodes are very stable in both acidic aqueous and polar nonaqueous solvents. Characterization by fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB−MS) suggests that simultaneous hydrosilylation and hydrogenation reactions account for the nature of the monolayer formation.
Complete regression of advanced liposarcoma of the anterior chest wall with interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. (1993)

This paper reports a case of complete regression of a liposarcoma in a 62-year-old Japanese man who, in August 1986, presented with a giant subcutaneous tumor of the right anterior chest wall. Local radiotherapy and conventional chemotherapy were initially performed; however, the tumor did not respond at all. He then received cytokine treatment (interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Nineteen months after cytokine treatment, the mass disappeared totally. The patient has been in complete remission for five years without recurrence and with no additional treatment. This suggests that the use of interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in combination may be an effective and promising modality for liposarcomas which are refractory to the conventional anticancer treatments.
A new look at successful aging : exploring a mid- range nursing theory among older adults in a low- income retirement community. (2011)

The current view of successful aging excludes elders with disease or disability, limits the potential for success among disadvantaged populations, and fails to consider older adults’ own criteria for success, especially in the existential or spiritual domain. This cross-sectional study was a preliminary investigation of a mid-range nursing theory (Flood, 2005) of successful aging. A random, stratified sample (N= 112) was used. Questionnaires were administered to small groups of non-demented older adults. Relationships among study variables were examined using hierarchical multiple regression. Adaptation and transcendence explained 45.4% of the variance in successful aging, independent of age, income, function, and health. Transcendence accounted for 2.5 times the effect of adaptation.
Design of a novel support device and its application in two-axis centrifuge shaker (2013)

In this paper, a novel support device termed as HSBA was proposed to solve the supporting problem encountered in the uniaxial centrifuge shaker prototype, which also offered another opportunity to upgrade this uniaxial centrifuge shaker into a horizontal/vertical two-axis centrifuge shaker. In the design process, the maximum force of each HSBA was calculated to satisfy the requirement for uniaxial and two-axis excitation. Then, the hydraulic power element of each HSBA, including two plunger-type actuators and a symmetric servovalve, was designed to embrace the force and velocity requirement. At last, a kind of HSS was equipped for the HSBAs to reduce the resistance force for horizontal excitation. After the design of HSBA, two predicable difficulties of this two-axis centrifuge shaker were clarified, which would be our research center in the future.
INSTRUMENTATION IN TUNNELS (1977)

The following are identified as areas of concern in tunnel instrumentation: it must be possible to advance the tunnel safely and to maintain the integrity of the opening; construction of the tunnel must not excessively damage adjacent or overlying buildings, streets, or utilities; the tunnel should be capable of withstanding all the influences to which it may be subjected during its lifetime. The measurement systems that can be used in tunnel instrumentation include borehole extensometers and settlement probes, inclinometers, strain gauges, and portable tape extensometers. Future research in instrumentation should be concerned with limiting displacements that can damage nearby structures; instrumentation will be required for larger, shallow openings in rock, soil, and mixed face conditions; improvements are needed in instrument reliability, ease of installation and ability to read instruments; integration of measurement program with field observations and construction and design requirement are seen as beneficial; lastly, there is a need for more literature on the subject for guidance of design engineers, geologists and contractors.
Characterization of Wafer Cleaning and Oxide Etching Using Vapor‐Phase Hydrogen Fluoride (1991)

The vapor‐phase hydrogen fluoride etch of oxides and nitride of silicon have been studied. A new mode of oxide selectivity, not possible with aqueous processes, gives rise to novel processes with practical applications. The inherent cleanliness and the resulting four to five times improvement in the electrical stress endurance of thin oxides make the vapor‐phase process a viable substitute for the traditional processes based on aqueous .
Comparison of a New Self-Gripping Mesh with Other Fixation Methods for Laparoscopic Hernia Repair in a Rat Model (2009)

PG demonstrated a substantially stronger strength of incorporation in muscle tissue compared with other fixation systems and is an economic alternative to HS or FG. Laparoscopic mesh placement of PG requires some practice because of the microhooks. Clinical studies will have to be performed before the value of this mesh can be established for laparoscopic application.
Determination of Flavanones in Citrus Fruits (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Flavanones in Citrus FruitsW. B. DavisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 7, 476–478Publication Date (Print):July 23, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60007a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60007a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views919Altmetric-Citations221LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MATERNAL AGEING AND EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN THE RABBIT (1972)

Summary. Progesterone and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20α-P) synthesis in vivo and in vitro was measured 12 days post coitum in does averaging 32 weeks (young) and 214 weeks old (ageing). Young pregnant does had an average of 7·7 corpora lutea and 7·3 implantations for a mortality rate of 4·3%. Similar values for ageing does were 7·7, 5·4 and 29%, respectively. The progesterone content of ovarian venous blood was higher in young pregnant does than ageing does but the 20α-P content did not differ. Administration of lh did not significantly alter progesterone blood levels in either age group but increased 20α-P levels in both groups. Synthesis of progesterone and 20α-P by interstitial tissue in vitro did not differ significantly between ages. Addition of lh to the incubation medium stimulated synthesis of progesterone by tissue from the ageing group whereas 20α-P synthesis was increased in the young group. There was a positive relationship between doe age and pituitary weight. The ageing does had heavier pituitary glands than the young does but there was no difference in total lh content. A lower concentration of lh was found in the pituitary gland and a lower progesterone content in the ovarian venous blood of old compared to young pregnant rabbits. While these differences may be partly responsible for the lowered reproductive efficiency of the ageing female, the evidence is somewhat equivocal since total pituitary lh and synthesis of progesterone in vitro were similar in the two age groups.
Exploring finger specific touch screen interaction for mobile phone user interfaces (2014)

Today, mobile phones with touch screens are widespread but as de facto, the interaction space is limited to single finger taps or multitouch gestures. In this paper, we present an investigation of a novel interaction concept for mobile phone touch screen input by distinguishing between different fingers. To explore the concept, we organized three user studies (number of participants 37, 13 and 25), where we charted the finger specific input performance, and evaluated the concept with both a Wizard-of-Oz prototype and a functional implementation. The salient results show, e.g. statistical differences in comfort and perceived speed for interacting with different fingers, and that users see value in finger specific functionality, especially in providing fast shortcuts to different functions and as a means to personalize the interaction with the device.
Stability of Front Surface Passivation of Back-Contact Back-Junction Silicon Solar Cells Under UV Illumination (2009)

The performance of n-type silicon back-contact back-junction (BC-BJ) solar cells under the illumination with high energy ultraviolet (UV) photons was investigated and the impact of a phosphorus doped front surface field (FSF) layer on the UV-stability of the front surface passivation was analyzed. Solar cells without a FSF showed a significant performance reduction when exposed to UV light. The surface saturation current density (J0e), determined by lifetime measurements on test structures without a FSF, increased from 48 to 446 fA/cm2 after the UV exposure. At the same time the efficiency of the BC-BJ solar cells without a FSF decreased from 19.8 % to 14.3 %. On the other hand, the tested n+nn+ lifetime test structures and the BC-BJ solar cells with a FSF diffusion were stable under UV exposure, i.e. J0e increased only minimally and the efficiency of these cells was not affected by the UV illumination. The performance of the UV-degraded solar cells without FSF, could be improved during a forming gas anneal (FGA).
Visible-light spectroscopy by photothermal radiometry using an incoherent source (1981)

Photothermal radiometry (PTR) is shown to yield optical absorption spectra in the visible region of untreated and strongly scattering material, using Nd2O3 powder, blood, and a green leaf as test samples. A conventional high pressure Xe lamp/monochromator combination was employed for illumination at power levels below 1 mW, with a PbSnTe infrared detector for recording the thermal reradiation. Calculated PTR signals and signal-to-noise ratios are found to compare well with those observed.
Characterization of a Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line Developed by Retroviral Insertional Mutagenesis That Is Resistant to Sindbis Virus Infection (1999)

The alphavirus Sindbis virus (SV) has a wide host range and infects many types of cultured cells in vitro. The outcome of infection is dependent on the strain of virus used for infection and the properties of the cells infected. To identify cellular determinants of susceptibility to SV infection we mutagenized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by retroviral insertion with a vector containing the neomycin resistance gene that allowed selection for integration into transcriptionally active genes. Cells were then selected for survival after infection with SV. The most resistant cell line (CHO-18.4m) exhibited delayed virus replication and virus-induced cell death, had a single retroviral insertion, and was defective in SV binding to the cell surface. Further analysis revealed that CHO-18.4m cells were deficient in the expression of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. This further confirms the importance of heparan sulfate as an attachment molecule for SV in vitro and demonstrates the usefulness of this technique for identifying cellular genes that are important for virus replication.