gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Double-Negative Regulatory T Cells (2003)

Pretransplant infusion of lymphocytes that express a single allogeneic MHC class I Ag has been shown to induce tolerance to skin and heart allografts that express the same alloantigens. In this study, we demonstrate that reconstitution of immunoincompetent mice with spleen cells from MHC class I L(d)-mismatched donors does not cause graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Recipient mice become tolerant to skin allografts of lymphocyte donor origin while retaining immunity to third-party alloantigens. The mechanism involves donor-derived CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative T regulatory (DN Treg) cells, which greatly increase and form the majority of T lymphocytes in the spleen of recipient mice. DN Treg cells isolated from tolerant recipient mice can suppress the proliferation of syngeneic antihost CD8(+) T cells in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DN Treg cells can be generated in vitro by stimulating them with MHC class I L(d)-mismatched lymphocytes. These in vitro generated L(d)-specific DN Treg cells are able to down-regulate the activity of antihost CD8(+) T cells in vitro by directly killing activated CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, infusing in vitro generated L(d)-mismatched DN Treg cells prevented the development of GVHD caused by allogeneic CD8(+) T cells. Together these data demonstrate that infusion of single MHC class I locus-mismatched lymphocytes may induce donor-specific transplantation tolerance through activation of DN Treg cells, which can suppress antihost CD8(+) T cells and prevent the development of GVHD. This finding indicates that using single class I locus-mismatched grafts may be a viable alternative to using fully matched grafts in bone marrow transplantation.
Sequence analysis of heparan sulphate and heparin oligosaccharides (1999)

The biological activity of heparan sulphate (HS) and heparin largely depends on internal oligosaccharide sequences that provide specific binding sites for an extensive range of proteins. Identification of such structures is crucial for the complete understanding of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein interactions. We describe here a simple method of sequence analysis relying on the specific tagging of the sugar reducing end by 3H radiolabelling, the combination of chemical scission and specific enzymic digestion to generate intermediate fragments, and the analysis of the generated products by strong-anion-exchange HPLC. We present full sequence data on microgram quantities of four unknown oligosaccharides (three HS-derived hexasaccharides and one heparin-derived octasaccharide) which illustrate the utility and relative simplicity of the technique. The results clearly show that it is also possible to read sequences of inhomogeneous preparations. Application of this technique to biologically active oligosaccharides should accelerate progress in the understanding of HS and heparin structure-function relationships and provide new insights into the primary structure of these polysaccharides.
Regulation of expression of the glutamine synthetase GLN-[alpha] gene of phaseolus vulgaris L (1992)

The expression of the glutamine synthetase a subunit gene (gln-a) is known to be high in young tissues such as root tips, plumules developing nodules and developing leaves. An experiment using nodules were Fix- and began to senesce prematurely, suggested that gln-a and a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL 1) were co-induced. \nThis phenomenon was further studied in various systems including nodules derived with Rhizobium mutants, cell cultures treated with fungal elicitors, wounded hypocotyls and leaves infected with compatible and incompatible strains of Pseudomonas phaseolicola. Expression of these two genes and in some cases the glutamine synthetase ß subunit gene (gln-ß) was observed to be related although experiments with short periods between samples suggested that the expression of the two glutamine synthetase genes was delayed with respect to the expression of the PAL 1 gene, the peak of expression occuring a few hours later. Work on cell cultures suggests that the stimulus for the induction of the two glutamine synthetase genes is possibly a product of the phenylpropanoid pathway although other stimuli present in both stress conditions and in young tissues may induce either of the two glutamine synthetase genes\n
Intracellular CA<sup>2+</sup> response of rabbit oocytes to electrical stimulation (1992)

Electrical stimulation is known to cause activation in mammalian oocytes, possibly by eliciting an elevation in intracellular calcium (Ca2+). This study reports intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in mature rabbit oocytes using the Ca2+ indicator fura-2. Calcium levels were determined prior to, during, and after the administration of an electrical pulse (3.6 kV/cm for 60 microseconds). Baseline Ca2+ levels ranged from 30 to 90 nM. The intracellular Ca2+ transient evoked by a pulse, peaked at 11 sec, was highly variable in amplitude (40-300 nM) and returned to prepulse levels within 300 sec. Electrically stimulated oocytes did not exhibit repetitive Ca2+ transients. The size of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ rise was influenced by the duration of the pulse, the field strength and the concentrations of external Ca2+ rise was influenced by the duration of the pulse, the field strength and the concentrations of external Ca2+ (P less than 0.05). Oocytes electrically stimulated in the presence of 100 microM CaCl2, which evoked Ca2+ transients with a mean magnitude of 120 nM, activated at a higher rate (P less than 0.05) than oocytes stimulated in the presence of either higher or lower levels of external Ca2+. Although oocytes electrically shocked at 16-18 hr after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hphCG) activated at a lower rate than oocytes stimulated at 22-24 hphCG (P less than 0.05), their intracellular Ca2+ response to the pulse was similar (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that electrical pulse parameters and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations can be used to modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels and optimize oocyte activation rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adiponectin inhibits Toll‐like receptor family‐induced signaling (2005)

Recent studies have shown that adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine, acts as a potent inhibitor of inflammatory responses. It has been also demonstrated that bacterial and viral signalings in host cells are triggered via Toll-like receptor (TLR) molecules. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether globular adiponectin (gAd) would be able to inhibit TLR-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling in mouse macrophages (RAW264). gAd predominantly bound to the AdipoR1 receptor and suppressed TLR-mediated NF-kappaB signaling. gAd-mediated inhibition of TLR-mediated IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation was eliminated by the pretreatment of cycloheximide. Also their inhibitions of gAd were blocked by preincubation of the cells with an antibody against AdipoR1, but not with an antibody against AdipoR2. Taken together, these findings indicate that adiponectin negatively regulates macrophage-like cell response to TLR ligands via an unknown endogenous product(s).
Laser generation of acoustic waves in liquids and gases (1986)

The laser generation of sound in liquids and gases is reviewed. The sound-generating mechanisms of laser interaction with matter are discussed with emphasis on the thermoelastic process. The studies on strongly absorbing liquids include detailed theoretical considerations of the thermoelastic sound generation with pulsed lasers. Acoustic waveforms for H2O and D2O are calculated analytically on the basis of a model laser-pulse shape. Both free and rigid boundaries on the surface of the liquid are considered. Good agreement between theory and experiments with respect to waveforms and amplitudes is obtained. The experiments are performed with a hybrid CO2 laser and piezoelectric or optical detection of the acoustic transients. In view of a present controversy, special emphasis is put on the temperature dependence of the acoustic amplitudes in H2O, D2O, and in aqueous MgSO4 solutions. Good agreement is found between experimental data and a new, pure thermal model which takes heat conduction into account. The distortion of the acoustic waveform during the propagation through the liquid is treated in terms of sound absorption, diffraction, and nonlinear acoustics. A simple experimental method for the determination of Beyer’s nonlinearity parameter B/A is presented. In the last section some characteristics of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) in gaseous media are reviewed. This method has been demonstrated to be highly sensitive. The measurement of absorption coefficients as low as 10−8 cm−1 is possible. PA studies on H2O vapor are discussed with new results on line and continuum absorption in the 9–11-μm wavelength range. Finally, the impact of PAS on trace gas analysis is demonstrated. With PAS the detection of gas concentrations in the ppb range is feasible. The operational characteristics of a stationary CO laser and a mobile CO2 laser-PAS system are presented, including first results on continuous in situ air pollution monitoring.
COPEN: a CORBA-based intelligent push-engine (2002)

Searching the right information on the Internet is a time-consuming task, mainly due to the large amount of information flow on the network and the nature of HTTP protocol. Push technology has been introduced in order to increase the search efficiency by providing only the pre-selected types of information. However, current push technique employs a simple method of defining users' preferences; letting the users select the right items in the menu or type the URLs interested. As a result, the information pushed by the push-engine does not satisfy much of the users' interest, lacking the search accuracy. Moreover, the HTML pages are transmitted to the user without any factoring, abstraction or re-packaging, yielding a large amount of information flow. In this paper, we present an intelligent push-engine, COPEN, that is based on Java & CORBA. The client part of COPEN monitors and intercepts the interaction between the user and the Web server in order to intelligently formulated the interests of the user. Based on the interests formulated, the server side of COPEN searches the Web, packages the information and transmits the packaged information to the user's local database. In order to overcome the storage access restriction of Java Security Manager, we developed an Java/ORB-based interceptor that can manage the cache database on the client's computer. As the result, the user's interest is dynamically and silently monitored, maintained in user profiles, information is intelligently searched based on the user's interests, and pre-transmitted to the cache database for faster retrieval.
Homeomorphy in Recent Deep-Sea Brachiopods (1972)

A col¬ lection of brachiopods from the Baja California Abyssal Plain forms a deep-sea assemblage unusual in that it contains three genera that are unrelated but externally almost identical; i.e., they .arehomeomorphs.One is Neorhynchia, an impunctate rhynchonellid; the second, a punctate terebratulid with short loop, is called Abyssothyris; and the third is referred to a new genus, Notorygmia, related to Macandreuia.A discussion of homeomorphy is followed by the systematics of the genera and species involved.
Using multirate architectures in realizing quadratic Volterra kernels (1996)

Multirate architectures have been used for realizing linear FIR digital filters with reduced computational complexity. The Volterra kernel can be represented as a generalized convolution. It would thus be expected that multirate architectures could be used to advantage in realizing Volterra kernels as well. The quadratic Volterra kernel may be realized in the form of an "LDL structure." The LDL structure includes a set of FIR filters of increasing length, which may be realized in a computationally efficient manner using multirate architectures.
Concept Relation Extraction from Construction Documents Using Natural Language Processing (2009)

The objective of this research is to present an innovative technique for managing the knowledge contained in construction contract documents to facilitate quick access and efficient use of such knowledge for project management and contract administration tasks. Knowledge Management has become the focus of a lot of scientific research during the second half of the 20th century as researchers discovered the importance of the knowledge resource to business organizations. Despite early expectations of improved document management techniques, document management systems used in the construction industry have failed to deliver the anticipated performance. Recent research attempts to utilize analysis of the contents of documents to improve document categorization and retrieval functions. It is hypothesized that natural language processing can be effectively used to perform document text analysis. The proposed system, technique for concept relation identification using shallow parsing (CRISP), utilizes a shallow parser to extract semantic knowledge from construction contract documents which can be used to improve electronic document management functions such as document categorization and retrieval. When compared with human evaluators, CRISP achieved almost 80% of the average kappa score attained by the evaluators, and approximately 90% of their F-measure score.
Local protein structure prediction using discriminative models (2006)

The described method yields probability estimates for local protein structure candidates, giving signals for all kinds of local structure. These local structure predictions can be incorporated either into fold recognition algorithms to improve alignment quality and the overall prediction accuracy or into new fold prediction methods.
SUMMARY OF WORK ON ATOMIC ARRANGEMENT IN GLASS* (1941)

A bstract The present picture of the atomic arrangement in glass has developed from four kinds of information, namely, the laws of crystal chemistry, the X‐ray diffraction study of glass, the various measured physical properties of glass, and the kinds of materials and the ranges of composition in which glassforming properties exist. X‐ray diffraction studies establish the predominant type of bonding in the glass, for example, the tetrahedral bonding in silicate glasses. Secondary structural features such as those which change with annealing or conditioning do not show up in the X‐ray pattern. Most of the proposed structures are those which are suggested and are partially substantiated by X‐ray studies, those which fit the laws of crystal chemistry, and those which seem best able to explain the physical properties of the glass. The preliminary theory of immiscibility in glass systems has been extended to include a consideration of the temperature dependence. A study of thermal expansion in terms of the number of glassforming bonds allows a simple correlation between thermal expansion coefficients in the silica‐boric oxide and the soda‐boric oxide systems. The same kind of considerations used in discussing immiscibility may be used to give a quantitative treatment of the change in the coordination number of the boron atom when boric oxide is present with soda.
Analysis of rudder characteristics of spin missile (2011)

Based on hinge moment coefficient of rolling missile which obtained from wind tunnel experiment, the relationships among hinge moment and angle of attack and deflection angle of rudder are derived from fitting and analysis, and then the accelerating torque is calculated by instruction signal of rudder, next the equation to describe load characteristic of rudder is got. According to the equation, the load characteristic curves are drawn with MATLAB software, and the characteristic curves provide a basis for the type selection of motor.
Nucleation and growth during recrystallization (2005)

The evolution in the understanding of the recrystallization phenomena is summarized in this paper. Initially the main developments concerning recrystallization are presented from a historical perspective. Definitions and concepts involving recrystallization are presented regarding it as a solid-state reaction that occurs by nucleation and growth. The recrystallization nucleation mechanisms are subsequently discussed. Finally, the growth step is highlighted, emphasizing boundary and sub-boundary mobilities and the forces acting on the high angle grain boundaries that sweep the microstructure during recrystallization.
Flow: Statistics, visualization and informatics for flow cytometry (2008)

Flow is an open source software application for clinical and experimental researchers to perform exploratory data analysis, clustering and annotation of flow cytometric data. Flow is an extensible system that offers the ease of use commonly found in commercial flow cytometry software packages and the statistical power of academic packages like the R BioConductor project.
High‐intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (1997)

The treatment is safe, easy to implement and was effective in substantially reducing symptom scores in these few patients. However, we would not encourage its use as an alternative to other well established treatment modalities until it has been assessed fully in a randomized trial.
2,6-Bis(2-alkylphenyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol as a New Chiral Phenol with <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetry. Application to the Asymmetric Alkylation of Aldehydes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXT2,6-Bis(2-alkylphenyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol as a New Chiral Phenol with C2-Symmetry. Application to the Asymmetric Alkylation of AldehydesSusumu Saito, Taichi Kano, Keiko Hatanaka, and Hisashi YamamotoView Author Information Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 16, 5651–5656Publication Date (Web):August 8, 1997Publication History Received28 April 1997Published online8 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970747ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970747gbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1208Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (10)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Aluminum,Post-translational modification,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Optical emissions of triatomic rare gas halides (1978)

We report in this paper the observation of optical emissions from triatomic rare gas halide molecules formed in excited high density rare gas–halogen mixtures. The broad-band continuum emissions are identified as transitions between ionically bonded excited states (Rg+2X−) and repulsive covalent lower states that dissociate to ground state atoms. These emissions become predominant at high rare gas densities.
The Chemical Modification of the Lipase of<i>Humicola lanuginosa</i>by N-Bromosuccinimide in Urea Solution (1977)

Journal Article The Chemical Modification of the Lipase of Humicola lanuginosa by N-Bromosuccinimide in Urea Solution Get access Wen-Hsiung Liu, Wen-Hsiung Liu Present address: Laboratory of Fermentation, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teruhiko Beppu, Teruhiko Beppu Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kei Arima Kei Arima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 1, 1 January 1977, Pages 131–135, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862451 Published: 01 January 1977 Article history Received: 09 August 1976 Published: 01 January 1977
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Plant Roots (2006)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been used as a quick and easy tool to assess gene function in plants. The virus, carrying a portion of an endogenous gene, triggers a homology-based defense mechanism when introduced into plants. Infection with the modified virus results in gene-specific transcript degradation. Several virus-based vectors have been developed for use in VIGS. One of these virus vectors, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), has a large host range and is transmitted by phytopathogenic nematodes of the genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. TRV has been used in VIGS to study gene function in above-ground parts of plants. This chapter describes a protocol for the use of TRV vector to silence genes in roots.
Compressing GPS data on mobile devices (2006)

In context-aware mobile systems, data on past user behaviour or use of a device can give critical information, The scale of this data may be large, and it must be quickly searched and retrieved. Compression is a powerful tool for both storing and indexing data. For text documents powerful algorithms using structured storage achieve high compression and rapid search and retrieval. Byte-stream techniques provide higher compression, but lack indexation and have slow retrieval. Location is a common form of context frequently used in research prototypes of tourist guide systems, location-aware searching and adaptive hypermedia. In this paper, we present an exploration of record-based compression of Global Positioning System (GPS) data that reveals significant technical limitations on what can be achieved on mobile devices, and a discussion of the benefits of different compression techniques on GPS data. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.
Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease (2019)

Neurodegenerative disorders affect around one billion people worldwide. They can arise from a combination of genomic, epigenomic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Aging is the leading risk factor for most chronic illnesses of old age, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. A progressive neurodegenerative process and neuroinflammation occur, and no current therapies can prevent, slow, or halt disease progression. To date, no novel disease-modifying therapies have been shown to provide significant benefit for patients who suffer from these devastating disorders. Therefore, early diagnosis and the discovery of new targets and novel therapies are of upmost importance. Neurodegenerative diseases, like in other age-related disorders, the progression of pathology begins many years before the onset of symptoms. Many efforts in this field have led to the conclusion that exits some similar events among these diseases that can explain why the aging brain is so vulnerable to suffer neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the current knowledge about these diseases by summarizing the most common features of major neurodegenerative disorders, their causes and consequences, and the proposed novel therapeutic approaches.