gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achromatic Broadband Super‐Resolution Imaging by Super‐Oscillatory Metasurface (2018)

Abstract Past decades have seen enormous efforts to achieve subdiffraction resolution optical imaging, but most of them are suffering from either complex near‐field manipulation or prelabeling of specific specimen, like scanning near‐field optical microscopes and stimulated emission depletion microscopes. The optical super‐oscillation phenomenon seems to provide a method of far field super‐resolution imaging without particularly dealing with objects. However, the reported optical super‐oscillation imaging methods were usually constrained to narrow bandwidth, which is mainly due to the inherent complex light interference features. Here, benefiting from the nearly dispersionless feature of phase modulations with metasurface, a super‐oscillatory metasurface filter is proposed for broadband super‐resolution imaging. In demonstrative experiments, resolving ability of about 0.64 times of the Rayleigh criterion is obtained for visible light ranging from 400 to 700 nm. This method is expected to potentially promote the development of super‐resolving telescopes and microscopes based on super‐oscillation optics.
Nanofibrous Snake Venom Hemostat (2015)

Controlling perioperative bleeding is of critical importance to minimize hemorrhaging and fatality. Patients on anticoagulant therapy such as heparin have diminished clotting potential and are at risk for hemorrhaging. Here we describe a self-assembling nanofibrous peptide hydrogel (termed SLac) that on its own can act as a physical barrier to blood loss. SLac was loaded with snake-venom derived Batroxobin (50 <i>μ</i>g/mL) yielding a drug-loaded hydrogel (SB50). SB50 was potentiated to enhance clotting even in the presence of heparin. In vitro evaluation of fibrin and whole blood clotting helped identify appropriate concentrations for hemostasis in vivo. Batroxobin-loaded hydrogels rapidly (within 20s) stop bleeding in both normal and heparin-treated rats in a lateral liver incision model. Compared to standard of care, Gelfoam, and investigational hemostats such as Puramatrix, only SB50 showed rapid liver incision hemostasis post surgical application. This snake venom-loaded peptide hydrogel can be applied via syringe and conforms to the wound site resulting in hemostasis. This demonstrates a facile method for surgical hemostasis even in the presence of anticoagulant therapies.
Antispasmodics. XIV. Basic 1,3-Dioxanes (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntispasmodics. XIV. Basic 1,3-DioxanesF. F. Blicke and E. L. SchumannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 12, 3153–3156Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01641a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01641a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The reliability physics approach to failure prediction modelling (1990)

Abstract Empirically based failure rate modelling methodologies employed in reliability prediction handbooks, and deterministic modelling methods are both critically examined using microelectronic packages as vehicles. As an alternative, a coupled mechano‐stochastic approach to reliability prediction modelling is presented. The goal is to use physics of failure principles with appropriate failure probability density distributions to design for failure‐free operation and predict failure times for components now available, as well as new components resulting from new materials, technologies and processes. In addition, an approach for extending the model to aid in logistics support analysis is discussed.
MIMO Radar, Techniques and Opportunities (2006)

MIMO techniques have been well studied for communications applications where they offer benefits in multi-path fading environments. This terminology is now appearing in the radar literature, but in several forms causing some confusion. Much of the existing work has focused on multistatic radars with sufficient spatial separation to de-correlate target RCS fluctuations, and where the data from the radars are combined incoherently. Another form of MIMO radar, closer to the communications technique, is where multiple orthogonal signals from the individual transmitter elements of a phased array are coherently combined on reception to form multiple beams. This paper presents a simple understanding of this within-aperture MIMO technique. We show how a filled array of "phantom" elements can be formed from relatively few physical elements. We explain the phantom element concept and extend it to the synthesis of various antenna array configurations, covering one, two and three dimensional geometries. The paper describes a range of waveform and signal processing options and discusses the implications of these radar capabilities
An Assay for HIV RNA in Infected Cell Lysates, and its use for the Rapid Evaluation of Antiviral Efficacy (1994)

A rapid, high-capacity assay for evaluating the potency of anti-HIV compounds was devised. This assay measures cell associated viral RNA levels 3 days after infection of susceptible T-cell lines grown in individual microtitre plate wells. Viral RNA was quantified by a sandwich hybridization assay, the first step of which was performed directly in crude infected cell lysates prepared in guanidinium isothio-cyanate. Levels of cell-associated viral RNA were shown to correlate with the yield of infectious virus and this correlation formed the basis of the test. Antiviral potencies of a large series of compounds tested in this RNA hybridization assay correlated closely with potency values determined by a sensitive but slower and more labour-intensive yield-reduction assay. Both laboratory strains and selected clinical isolates of HIV can be detected in this RNA hybridization assay.
On the Performance of Multiuser MIMO Systems in WCDMA/HSDPA: Beamforming, Feedback and User Diversity (2006)

Several multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been proposed for 3GPP WCDMA/HSDPA systems and several performance evaluation for the comparison purpose are in progress. Most MIMO candidates in HSDPA have been generally designed for pointto-point communication, which means that a single-user throughput is of their major concern. However, multiple users and user scheduling need to be considered in wireless packet transmission, so as to maximize system throughput. In this paper we propose an effective user scheduling technique in both space and time domains that offers three main benefits, which are the spatial-beamforming, uplink feedback signaling, and advanced receivers. Furthermore, user scheduling is combined with modified successive interference cancellation (SIC) reception, which allocates all transmit antennas to the best user with SIC or each transmit antenna to different users with minimum mean squared-error (MMSE). Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has higher user diversity gain than other MIMO candidates in terms of achievable throughput.
XML Parsing on Multicore Processors and Data Representation in . NET Tree Control (2014)

The purpose of this research is to optimize the parsing process of the XML files. There are several ways to parse the XML files. But to comply with the advanced multicore CPUs and their fast performance the XML parsing logics need to be refined and optimized with parallel processing approach. The parallel XML parsing is a step towards this approach. It makes the reading of XML data faster because parser runs on more engines to extract the data. There are several advantages of parallel XML parsing like fast execution, high throughput, time saving, proper CPU utilization and load balancing. To perform the parsing processes simultaneously, the XML files need to be split in small uniform portions. Now it will execute the parsing logic on multiple threads on each CPU's core to parse the each portion of XML file without interfering with each others. In other words, an each segment will be an input to the parser running on different threads on different CPU cores. To enhance the system performance the multicore processors based devices have been introduced. Such system's processing is much faster than conventional sequential processing systems especially when it does repetitive calculations on vast amounts of data. This technique becomes more important when a candidate system or development application is model based application which operates on the XML files. This approach plays a significant role to enhance the application's capability to process large amount of data, improve application performances by providing quick results and eventually expeditious the application processing and dependent operations.
Ubiquitous discovery service platform for mobile applications via a cell phone (2004)

We propose a service infrastructure for richer ubiquitous services that assume access via a cell phone. We call it UDSP (ubiquitous discovery service platform). It can associate a variety of IDs in the real world with a variety of services on the communication network. It can also provide appropriate services for cell phone users. Furthermore, since it supports conventional IDs and service systems, it is easy for service providers to implement service control. In order to realize the above features, the UDSP is composed of four major components: multi-ID capture, UOI (universal object identifier) administration, BIND information (attribution information about objects and services) and basic service portal. We describe these components in the UDSP architecture and show a ubiquitous service system based on the UDSP.
Performance ofGalerucella calmariensis(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Different North American Populations of Purple Loosestrife (1997)

The success of a biological weed control program depends on the ability of control agents to develop on various genotypes of their host plants, thereby reducing the competitive ability of the target plant species. We studied the performance of the chrysomelid beetle Galerucella calmariensis L., introduced as a biological control agent of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., on plants from 3 different North American populations. Plants for the experiments were obtained from Ithaca, NY; St. Paul, MN; and Salem, OR, representing different climates and colonization histories. We studied the survival and impact of G. calmariensis at 3 herbivore densities with plants grown under identical conditions at Ithaca. Plant growth and biomass allocation patterns were significantly different among the 3 tested populations. Survival rates of the leaf beetles (egg to adult) were not significantly different among sites or among herbivore attack levels. Herbivory caused significant reductions in plant height, leaf, shoot, root, and total plant biomass with increasing attack levels. We found no significant interaction of herbivory and plant origin. Plants compensated for the loss of photosynthetic tissues by replacing foliage at the expense of below ground storage, thus, herbivory altered the biomass allocation pattern of L. salicaria . This might have important implications for other control agents attacking the roots of L. salicaria .
Finite-frequency tomography using adjoint methods-Methodology and examples using membrane surface waves (2007)

We employ adjoint methods in a series of synthetic seismic tomography experiments to recover surface wave phase‐speed models of southern California. Our approach involves computing the Fréchet derivative for tomographic inversions via the interaction between a forward wavefield, propagating from the source to the receivers, and an 'adjoint' wavefield, propagating from the receivers back to the source. The forward wavefield is computed using a 2‐D spectral‐element method (SEM) and a phase‐speed model for southern California. A 'target' phase‐speed model is used to generate the 'data' at the receivers. We specify an objective or misfit function that defines a measure of misfit between data and synthetics. For a given receiver, the remaining differences between data and synthetics are time‐reversed and used as the source of the adjoint wavefield. For each earthquake, the interaction between the regular and adjoint wavefields is used to construct finite‐frequency sensitivity kernels, which we call event kernels. An event kernel may be thought of as a weighted sum of phase‐specific (e.g. P) banana–doughnut kernels, with weights determined by the measurements. The overall sensitivity is simply the sum of event kernels, which defines the misfit kernel. The misfit kernel is multiplied by convenient orthonormal basis functions that are embedded in the SEM code, resulting in the gradient of the misfit function, that is, the Fréchet derivative. A non‐linear conjugate gradient algorithm is used to iteratively improve the model while reducing the misfit function. We illustrate the construction of the gradient and the minimization algorithm, and consider various tomographic experiments, including source inversions, structural inversions and joint source‐structure inversions. Finally, we draw connections between classical Hessian‐based tomography and gradient‐based adjoint tomography.
Microstructural changes in a colloidal liquid in the shear thinning and shear thickening regimes (1999)

The structure of a colloidal suspension under shear flow was studied by in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS). This suspension exhibited shear thinning at low shear rates and shear thickening at high shear rates. Under quiescent conditions, the SANS profiles were azimuthally symmetric and contained a well-defined scattering maximum. This is due to local, liquidlike correlations between neighboring particles. Increasing shear rate lead to changes in the interparticle correlations. These changes are quantified by obtaining the anisotropic structure factor of the suspension under shear flow. We found an increased probability for the formation of inter-particle clusters in the gradient-vorticity plane. This results in an increase in the low angle scattering intensity in the flow direction, and the scattering peak, observed under quiescent conditions, is reduced to a shoulder. We found no evidence for a shear-induced phase transition in our experimental window. At low shear rates (γ̇), the microstructure is relatively insensitive to shear rate. On the other hand, a pronounced shear rate dependence of microstructure is observed when γ̇≈1/τ, where τ is the characteristic time for the decay of concentration fluctuations. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure τ. The onset of shear thickening occurs when γ̇τ is of order unity suggesting an intimate relationship between quiescent dynamics, and shear-induced microscopic and macroscopic changes.
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Lubricants by Micro-Oxidation (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The micro-oxidation test, originally developed at Penn State, has previously been used to study the deposit forming tendency of diesel engine lubricants both at Penn State and Caterpillar using deposit levels and aggregate production of sludge precursor high molecular weight polymers to compare the oils. Researchers at General Motors have used the micro-oxidation test to study the kinetics of the oxidation induced deposit forming reactions for certain basestocks and partially formulated lubricants. In this paper, we begin with reporting the procedural refinement of the micro-oxidation test. We then illustrate how we have developed a method based on first order kinetics deposit forming reactions to rank the relative deposit forming tendency of lubricants. We show how the Arrhenius relationship can be applied to the oxidation reactions of fully formulated lubricants at temperatures consistent with those encountered in the piston ring belt area and top land of heavy-duty diesel engines. We then present the correlation we have achieved between the micro-oxidation results and full-scale engine tests for CD, marine, and railroad oils. We conclude with a discussion on the potential for the development of the micro-oxidation test to achieve correlation with other full-scale engine tests and the inherent benefits.</div>
A Soil Mechanics Approach To Predict Cement Sheath Behavior (1998)

Abstract In this paper, we predict the bulk shrinkage of oil well cements using a soil mechanics model where compaction is a dominant mechanism. In our approach, the bulk shrinkage is the result of the decrease in pore pressure following cement hydration. We perform triaxial tests on set cements to calibrate the model. We perform laboratory experiments to demonstrate the applicability of this approach to shrinkage prediction. We simulate the downhole conditions to predict the consequences of shrinkage on zonal isolation. P. 329
Li<sub>2</sub>MnSiO<sub>4</sub> Lithium Battery Material: Atomic-Scale Study of Defects, Lithium Mobility, and Trivalent Dopants (2009)

A new family of silicate materials has attracted interest for potential use in rechargeable lithium batteries. The defect chemistry, doping behavior, and lithium diffusion paths in the Li2MnSiO4 cathode material are investigated by advanced modeling techniques. Our simulations show good reproduction of both monoclinic and orthorhombic structures of Li2MnSiO4. The most favorable intrinsic defect type is found to be the cation anti-site defect, in which Li and Mn ions exchange positions. The migration energies suggest differences in intrinsic Li mobility between the monoclinic and orthorhombic polymorphs, which would affect their rate capability as rechargeable electrodes. The results indicate curved Li diffusion paths and confirm the anisotropic nature of Li transport, which is probably general for the Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) family of compounds. Subvalent doping by Al on the Si site is energetically favorable and could be a synthesis strategy to increase the Li content.
Some Observations with Ultra-Accelerators<sup>1</sup> (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Observations with Ultra-Accelerators1A. D. Cummings and H. E. SimmonsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1928, 20, 11, 1173–1176Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50227a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50227a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Integrated liquid crystal optical switch based on total internal reflection (2005)

An optical switch structure which combines a planar lightwave circuit and liquid crystal is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The switching is realized by inducing total internal reflection through controlling the refractive index of the liquid crystal. The principle and the design of the integrated optical switch are described. Experimental results suggest that anchoring of the liquid crystal molecules on nonplanar structures is very crucial in affecting the switching performance.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and various oleoresins of <i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (seeds and pods) (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND: This paper describes the chemical analysis of the essential oil and various oleoresins of Elettaria cardamomum (seeds and pods) by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. It also compares the effects of the different extraction solvents used (chloroform, methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether) on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and oleoresins. RESULTS: The essential oil was found to contain 71 compounds. The major components were α‐terpinyl acetate (44.3%), 1,8‐cineole (10.7%), α‐terpineol (9.8%) and linalool (8.6%). The chloroform and methanol oleoresins both contained α‐terpinyl acetate (21.8 and 25.9% respectively) as the main component, while 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (28.9%) was the most abundant compound in the ethanol oleoresin. However, very few components (total 0.61%) were found in the diethyl ether oleoresin. The antioxidant activities of the essential oil and oleoresins, studied in mustard oil by monitoring the peroxide value of the oil substrate, were comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.02% concentration. The essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the micro‐organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi at 3000 ppm by the agar well diffusion method. Antifungal activity was tested against the food‐borne fungi Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Fusarium graminearum and Penicillium madriti . The methanol and ethanol oleoresins gave the best results against A. terreus at 3000 ppm by the poison food method. CONCLUSION: This study provides important information about the chemistry and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of E. cardamomum . Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry