gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control de calidad en una pequeña empresa de fabricación metálica para el sector del automóvil (2012)

En la era de la calidad total en todos los sectores de la actividad se debe intentar lograr ser mas competitivos a nivel industrial. Asi lo pretende la empresa objeto de este trabajo, que se centra en una de las actividades que conforman el sector industrial como es la fabricacion metalica. El trabajo se enmarca en una empresa de capital espanol y con casi 70 anos de historia, que ha debido modernizarse a lo largo de todos estos anos tanto en lo estructural como en lo tocante a sus recursos (tecnicos y humanos) para pOder adaptarse a la coyuntura industrial y los requerimientos del cliente. Esta capacidad de adaptacion hace posible el poder afrontar nuevos, pudiendo, para superar las trabas de cada momento, diversificar la actividad y nuestros sectores objetivo (automovil, naval y eolico principalmente), pero sin perder nuestros valores, cumpliendo asi los estandares de calidad que nos exigimos.
El objetivo de este articulo es mostrar un metodo para llevar a cabo uno de los mas importantes objetivos estrategicos, como es el control total de la calidad durante el proceso de fabricacion, describiendo parte del know-how de la empresa yaplicandolo en particular a uno de los sectores industriales en que esta especializada: la fabricacion de carrocerias y vehiculos especiales. Se desarrollara el articulo tomando como ejemplo la fabricacion de uno de tos multiples productos que se pueden elaborar en chapa metalica en la empresa: concretamente, parte de una carroceria.
Gene Therapy in Lung Transplantation: Feasibility of <i>Ex Vivo</i> Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to the Graft (1996)

Lung transplantation is associated with complications such as reperfusion injury and graft rejection. Gene therapy targeted to the graft offers a promising approach to the prevention of these complications. Because adenovirus vectors can transfer genes in vivo to the lung vasculature, we evaluated the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the lung graft in a porcine model of left lung allotransplantation. Following removal of the donor lung, an adenovirus vector encoding the β-galactosidase (β-Gal) gene was injected ex vivo into the lumen of the upper lobe pulmonary artery of the graft. After 2 hr of incubation at 10°C, the lung graft was implanted into the recipient animal. Three days later, the animals were sacrificed and the lung graft was evaluated for β-Gal activity. No β-Gal activity was detected in the left lower lobe used as a control. In contrast, β-Gal activity was detected in endothelial cells of the left upper lobe pulmonary circulation, and was also observed in airway and alveoli epithelial cells. However, less than 1% of cells of the graft expressed β-Gal. In vitro experiments showed that this may be explained in part by the low temperature and the short duration of adenovirus incubation within the graft, and by the low susceptibility of porcine cells to human adenovirus. Furthermore, expression of the exogenous gene occurred in several organs of recipient animals. Thus, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the lung graft is feasible ex vivo, but several parameters limit gene transfer efficiency and need to be improved before clinical application is attempted. Adenovirus vectors may be an appropriate transfection vehicle for transplanted lungs because they are efficient in transferring genes in vivo to lung vasculature. We evaluated adenovirus-mediated transfer of a reporter gene ex vivo in a model of pig left lung allotransplantation. Gene transfer was feasible in both vascular and epithelial cells of lung graft, but gene transfer efficiency was low, and expression of the exogenous gene occurred in several organs of recipient animals. Variables affecting gene transfer efficiency were evaluated in vitro. These observations underline the potential and the present limits of adenoviruses as tools for gene therapy of lung transplantation.
Naturally occurring hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor resistance-related mutations in HCV genotype 1-infected subjects in Italy (2012)

A minority of untreated HCV genotype 1 patients in Italy harbour a virus population carrying HCV PI resistance-related mutations. The clinical implications of this finding warrant further analysis.
Gene Deletion by Fluorescence-Reported Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis (2016)

The obligate intracellular nature of a variety of infectious bacteria presents a significant obstacle to the development of molecular genetic tools for dissecting pathogenicity. Although progress in chlamydial genetics has been rapid, genomic modification has previously been limited to point mutations and group II intron insertions which truncate protein products. The bacterium has thus far been intractable to gene deletion or more-complex genomic integrations such as allelic exchange. Here, we present a novel suicide vector dependent on inducible expression of a chlamydial gene that renders Chlamydia trachomatis fully genetically tractable and permits rapid reverse genetics by fluorescence-reported allelic exchange mutagenesis (FRAEM). We describe the first available system of targeting chlamydial genes for deletion or allelic exchange as well as curing plasmids from C. trachomatis L2. Furthermore, this approach permits monitoring of mutagenesis by fluorescence microscopy without disturbing bacterial growth, a significant asset when manipulating obligate intracellular organisms.
Kinase-independent transcriptional co-activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α by AMP-activated protein kinase (2004)

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) responds to intracellular ATP depletion, while PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha) induces the expression of genes coding for enzymes and proteins involved in increasing cellular ATP yields. PPARalpha-mediated transcription is shown here to be co-activated by the alpha subunit of AMPK, as well as by kinase-deficient (Thr172Ala) and kinase-less (Asp157Ala, Asp139Ala) mutants of AMPKalpha. The Ser452Ala mutant of mPPARalpha mutated in its putative consensus AMPKalpha phosphorylation site is similarly co-activated by AMPKalpha. AMPKalpha or its kinase-less mutants bind to PPARalpha; binding is increased by MgATP, to a lesser extent by MgADP, but not at all by AMP or ZMP [AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) monophosphate]. ATP-activated binding of AMPKalpha to PPARalpha is mediated primarily by the C-terminal regulatory domain of AMPKalpha. PPARalpha co-activation by AMPKalpha may, however, require its secondary interaction with the N-terminal catalytic domain of AMPKalpha, independently of its kinase activity. While AMPK catalytic activity is activated by AICAR, PPARalpha co-activation and PPARalpha-controlled transcription are robustly inhibited by AICAR, with concomitant translocation of nuclear AMPKalpha or its kinase-less mutants to the cytosol. In conclusion, AMPKalpha, independently of its kinase activity, co-activates PPARalpha both in primary rat hepatocytes and in PPARalpha-transfected cells. The kinase and transcriptional co-activation modes of AMPKalpha are both regulated by the cellular ATP/AMP ratio. Co-activation of PPARalpha by AMPKalpha may transcriptionally complement AMPK in maintaining cellular ATP status.
On the directional firing properties of hippocampal place cells (1994)

Using a two-spot tracking system that allowed measurements of the direction of a rat's head in the environment as well as the position of the rat's head, we investigated whether hippocampal place cells show true direction-specific as well as location-specific firing. Significant modulations of firing rate by head direction were seen for most cells while rats chased food pellets in a cylindrical apparatus. It was possible, however, to account quantitatively for directional modulation with a simple scheme that we refer to as the "distributive hypothesis." This hypothesis assumes that firing is ideally location specific, and that all directional firing modulations are due to differences in the time that the rat spends in different portions of the firing field of the place cell in different head direction sectors. When the distributive hypothesis is put into numeric form, the directional firing profiles that it predicts are extremely similar to the observed directional firing profiles, strongly suggesting that there is no intrinsic directional specificity of place cell firing in the cylinder. Additional recordings made while rats ran on an eight-arm maze reveal that many firing fields on the arms are polarized; the cell discharges more rapidly when the rat runs in one direction than the other on the maze. This result provides an independent confirmation of the findings of McNaughton et al. (1983). For fields that appear to be polarized by inspecting firing rate maps of the raw data, the magnitude of directional firing variations is greater than predicted by the distributive hypothesis. By comparison with postsubicular head direction cells, it is shown that the distributive prediction of weaker-than-observed directional firing is expected if there is a true directional firing component. A major conclusion reached from recording in both environments is that the directional firing properties of hippocampal place cells are variable and not fixed; this is true of individual units as well as of the population.
Cumulus gene expression as a predictor of human oocyte fertilisation, embryo development and competence to establish a pregnancy (2009)

The close relationship between cumulus cell function and oocyte developmental competence indicates that analysis of cumulus gene expression is a potential non-invasive method to aid embryo selection and IVF outcome. Cumulus was isolated from 674 oocytes from 75 women undergoing ICSI and gene expression analysed by quantitative RT-PCR. Cumulus expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2) was higher with mature oocytes, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was lower when fertilisation was normal. Expression levels of gremlin (GREM1) and BDNF were weak positive and negative predictors of embryo quality respectively. Ranking of GREM1 expression within cohorts of oocytes showed that oocytes associated with the highest GREM1 expression were more likely to be transferred or cryopreserved than discarded (49 vs 33%, P<0.02), although the clinical pregnancy rate was not significantly different. This study demonstrates both the feasibility and difficulties of this method of analysis in the largest such group studied thus far. Novel relationships between BDNF expression and fertilisation were identified, and the potential value of GREM1 expression as a marker of embryo quality supports the further assessment of GREM1 analysis in the context of embryo selection.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN GroEL-MEDIATED PROTEIN FOLDING (1998)

Recent structural and biochemical investigations have come together to allow a better understanding of the mechanism of chaperonin (GroEL, Hsp60)-mediated protein folding, the final step in the accurate expression of genetic information. Major, asymmetric conformational changes in the GroEL double toroid accompany binding of ATP and the cochaperonin GroES. When a nonnative polypeptide, bound to one of the GroEL rings, is encapsulated by GroES to form a cis ternary complex, these changes drive the polypeptide into the sequestered cavity and initiate its folding. ATP hydrolysis in the cis ring primes release of the products, and ATP binding in the trans ring then disrupts the cis complex. This process allows the polypeptide to achieve its final native state, if folding was completed, or to recycle to another chaperonin molecule, if the folding process did not result in a form committed to the native state.
Cellulite and extracorporeal Shockwave therapy (CelluShock-2009) - a Randomized Trial (2010)

Cellulite is a widespread problem involving females' buttocks and thighs based on the female specific anatomy. Given the higher number of fat cells stored in female fatty tissue in contrast to males, and the aging process of connective tissue leads to an imbalance between lipogenesis and lipolysis with subsequent large fat cells bulging the skin. In addition, microcirculatory changes have been suggested, however remain largely unknown in a controlled clinical setting. We hypothesize that the combination of extracorporeal shockwave and a daily gluteal muscle strength program is superior to the gluteal muscle strength program alone in cellulite. Study design: Randomized-controlled trial. IRB approval was granted at Hannover Medical School, Germany on May 22, 2009. For allocation of participants, a 1:1 ratio randomization was performed using opaque envelopes for the concealment of allocation. Reporting: according to CONSORT 2010. Eligible patients were females aged 18 or over and 65 or younger with cellulite with documented cellulite 1°-4° according to the Nürnberger score. Exclusion criteria were suspected or evident pregnancy, no cellulite, no informed consent or age under 18 years or above 65 years. Patients were recruited by advertisements in local regional newspapers and via the Internet. Analysis: Intention-to-treat. Outcome parameters: a) Photonumeric severity scale, b) Nürnberger Score, c) circumference measurements, d) capillary blood flow, e) tissue oxygen saturation, f) postcapillary venous blood flow. Intervention group: Six sessions of extracorporeal focused shock wave for six sessions (2000 impulses, 0,25 mJ/m2 every 1-2 weeks) at both gluteal and thigh regions plus a specific gluteal strength exercise training. Control group: Six sessions of sham extracorporeal focused shock wave for six sessions (2000 impulses, 0,01 mJ/m2 every 1-2 weeks) at both gluteal and thigh regions plus a specific gluteal strength exercise training. Follow-up: 12 weeks. Blinding was achieved for all participants enrolled in the trial, the photograph taking the digital images for the primary outcome measure, the two assessors of the outcome measures, all additional health care providers and for the analyst from the biometrical department. Only one researcher (BJ) was aware of the group assignment performing the randomisation and the extracorporeal shock wave therapy. This randomised-controlled trial will provide much needed evidence on the clinical effectiveness of focused extracorporal shock wave therapy as an adjunct to gluteal strength training in females suffering cellulite. NCT00947414
Glutathione deficiency of the lower respiratory tract in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2002)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of unknown aetiology. Increased oxidant burden and antioxidant, e.g. glutathione (GSH), deficiency in the lower respiratory tract have been thought to play a role in the progression of IPF. Sputum induction is a safe noninvasive tool to study inflammation in the respiratory tract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the direct measurement of GSH in induced sputum supernatant. Sixteen IPF patients and 15 healthy, nonsmoking subjects underwent sputum induction. Total GSH in sputum, saliva and plasma was measured spectrophotometrically. Sputum GSH was decreased more then four-fold in IPF patients when compared to healthy subjects (mean GSH 1.4+/-0.34 microM versus 5.8+/-0.98 microM). Salivary GSH was generally low or undetectable in all subjects. Plasma GSH levels were lower in IPF patients (0.26+/-0.1 versus 0.74+/-0.16 microM). In IPF patients, there was a borderline correlation of sputum GSH levels with disease duration and lung-function impairment. These data confirm the established role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and show the potential of induced sputum to directly study inflammatory processes and surrogate markers in interstitial lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Evaluation of Various Static and Dynamic Modeling Methods to Predict Clinical CYP3A Induction Using In Vitro CYP3A4 mRNA Induction Data (2013)

Several drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction models were evaluated for their ability to identify drugs with cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A induction liability based on in vitro mRNA data. The drug interaction magnitudes of CYP3A substrates from 28 clinical trials were predicted using (i) correlation approaches (ratio of the in vivo peak plasma concentration (Cmax) to in vitro half-maximal effective concentration (EC50); and relative induction score), (ii) a basic static model (calculated R3 value), (iii) a mechanistic static model (net effect), and (iv) mechanistic dynamic (physiologically based pharmacokinetic) modeling. All models performed with high fidelity and predicted few false negatives or false positives. The correlation approaches and basic static model resulted in no false negatives when total Cmax was incorporated; these models may be sufficient to conservatively identify clinical CYP3A induction liability. Mechanistic models that include CYP inactivation in addition to induction resulted in DDI predictions with less accuracy, likely due to an overprediction of the inactivation effect.
Catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene and tetrahydrofuran by a dihydrido iridium P–C–P pincer complex (1997)

The P–C–P pincer complex, [IrH 2 {C 6 H 3 (CH 2 PBu t 2 )-2,6}] catalyses the transfer dehydrogenation of the donor-bearing substrates, ethylbenzene and tetrahydrofuran at temperatures as low as 150 °C.
Determined Scheduling Algorithms for Channel Access in Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

In this paper we have considered the determined scheduling problem for channel access in wireless mesh networks. The problem is to assign time-slots for each node in the network to access the control channels so that it is guaranteed that each node can broadcast the control packet to any one-hop neighbor in one scheduling cycle. The objective is to minimize the total number of different time-slots in the scheduling cycle. In the single-channel ad hoc networks, the known best result for this problem is proved to be (K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> +1) in arbitrary graphs [2] and 25 K in unit disk graphs [16] with K as the maximum node degree. In this paper we have proposed two fully distributed algorithms for the determined scheduling problem, namely, the one neighbor per cycle (ONPC) algorithm and the all neighbors per cycle (ANPC) algorithm. We prove that the number of time-slots by the second algorithm is upper-bounded by 2 K in some special case. The fully distributed versions of these algorithms are given in this paper. Simulation results also show that the performance of ANPC is rather better than ONPC.
Simultaneous extraction of centerlines, stenosis, and thrombus detection in renal CT angiography (2004)

The Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) is the major cause of renovascular hypertension and CT angiography has shown tremendous promise as a noninvasive method for reliably detecting renal artery stenosis. The purpose of this study was to validate the semi-automated methods to assist in extraction of renal branches and characterizing the associated renal artery stenosis. Automatically computed diagnostic images such as straight MIP, curved MPR, cross-sections, and diameters from multi-slice CT are presented and evaluated for its acceptance. We used vessel-tracking image processing methods to extract the aortic-renal vessel tree in a CT data in axial slice images. Next, from the topology and anatomy of the aortic vessel tree, the stenosis, and thrombus section and branching of the renal arteries are extracted. The results are presented in curved MPR and continuously variable MIP images. In this study, 15 patients were scanned with contrast on Mx8000 CT scanner (Philips Medical Systems), with 1.0 mm thickness, 0.5mm slice spacing, and 120kVp and a stack of 512x512x150 volume sets were reconstructed. The automated image processing took less than 50 seconds to compute the centerline and borders of the aortic/renal vessel tree. The overall assessment of manual and automatically generated stenosis yielded a weighted kappa statistic of 0.97 at right renal arteries, 0.94 at the left renal branches. The thrombus region contoured manually and semi-automatically agreed upon at 0.93. The manual time to process each case is approximately 25 to 30 minutes.
Formation and electrical properties of Hf Si2 grown thermally from evaporated Hf and Si films (1985)

2 MeV 4He+ backscattering spectrometry and x-ray diffraction have been used to study Hf Si2 formed by thermal annealing of a Hf Si film on evaporated Si (Sie) at temperatures between 575 and 650 °C. A laterally uniform layer of Hf Si2 forms and its thickness is proportional to the square root of time at a fixed temperature. The activation energy of this reaction is found to be 3.5±0.3 eV. This transport-limited process differs from that observed on single crystal Si, where Hf Si2 forms at temperatures above 700 °C by a process believed to be nucleation controlled. Four-point probe measurements of resistivity and Hall coefficient at room temperature on samples with both Hf Si and Hf Si2 were used to determine that both Hf Si and Hf Si2 are electron conductors. For Hf Si2, the electron concentration is 2.9±0.2×1021 cm−3 and the mobility is 36±4 cm2/Vs, giving a resistivity of 60±3 μΩ cm. Schottky barrier diodes formed either by reacting a Hf film deposited directly on 〈111〉 Si or by reacting a Hf film with Sie in a 〈111〉 Si/Hf/Sie/Hf configuration at temperatures above 600 °C were prepared. The Schottky barrier height of Hf Si2 on n-type 〈111〉 Si as evaluated from forward and reverse I–V characteristics is 0.54±0.01 eV in both cases.
Peach Pistil Growth Inhibition and Subsequent Bloom Delay by Midwinter Bud Whitewashing (1990)

Fall-applied ethephon (100 ppm) delayed bloom by 6 days the following spring in peach [Prunis persica (L.) Batsch]. Whitewashing entire trees in January added 1 to 2 additional days of bloom delay to that provided by ethephon. Whitewashing delayed pistil elongation in quiescent buds from control trees, but did not significantly delay pistil elongation in buds from trees treated with ethephon. Pistils from ethephon-treated trees were significantly smaller than those from control trees from just before bud swell through bloom. Flower bud survival after freezes during bloom was enhanced for whitewashed compared to control buds as measured by fruit set. Chemical name used: 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).
Time- and frequency-domain e-ICIC with single- and multi-flow carrier aggregation in HetNets (2015)

Multi-layer heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployments including small cell base stations (BSs) are considered to be the key to further enhancements of the spectral efficiency achieved in mobile communication networks [1]. Besides the capacity enhancement due to frequency reuse, a limiting factor in HetNets has been identified as inter-cell interference. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) discussed inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) mechanisms in long term evolution (LTE) Release 8/9 [2]. LTE Release 8/9 ICIC techniques were introduced to primarily save cell-edge user equipments (UEs). They are based on limited frequency domain interference information exchange via the X2 interface, whereby ICIC related X2 messages are defined in the 3GPP standard [3]. In LTE Release 8/9 ICIC, a BS provides information about set of frequency resources in which it is likely to schedule DL transmissions to cell-edge UEs, for the benefit of a neighboring BS. The neighboring BS in turn avoids scheduling its UEs on these frequency resources.