gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HDLs inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagic response induced by oxidized LDLs (2010)

The apoptotic effect of oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) is mediated through a complex sequence of signaling events involving a deregulation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis. OxLDLs also trigger ER stress that may lead to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis, through the activation of the IRE1α/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Moreover, ER stress and oxidized lipids have been shown to trigger autophagy. The antiatherogenic high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) display protective effects against oxLDLs toxicity. To more deeply investigate the mechanisms mediating the protective effects of HDLs, we examined whether ER stress and autophagy were implicated in oxLDLs-induced apoptosis and whether HDLs prevented these stress processes. We report that, in human endothelial cells, HDLs prevent the oxLDL-induced activation of the ER stress sensors IRE1α, eIF2α and ATF6 and subsequent activation of the proapoptotic mediators JNK and CHOP. OxLDLs also trigger the activation of autophagy, as assessed by LC3 processing and Beclin-1 expression. The autophagic process is independent of the proapoptotic arms of ER stress, but Beclin-1 contributes to PS exposure and subsequent phagocytosis of oxLDLs exposed cells. Induction of autophagy and PS exposure by oxLDLs is prevented by HDLs. Finally, the cytosolic Ca(2+) deregulation triggered by oxLDLs is a common signaling pathway that mediates ER stress-induced cell death and autophagy, all these events being blocked by HDLs.
Correlation between sequence hydrophobicity and surface‐exposure pattern of database proteins (2004)

Hydrophobicity is thought to be one of the primary forces driving the folding of proteins. On average, hydrophobic residues occur preferentially in the core, whereas polar residues tend to occur at the surface of a folded protein. By analyzing the known protein structures, we quantify the degree to which the hydrophobicity sequence of a protein correlates with its pattern of surface exposure. We have assessed the statistical significance of this correlation for several hydrophobicity scales in the literature, and find that the computed correlations are significant but far from optimal. We show that this less than optimal correlation arises primarily from the large degree of mutations that naturally occurring proteins can tolerate. Lesser effects are due in part to forces other than hydrophobicity, and we quantify this by analyzing the surface-exposure distributions of all amino acids. Lastly, we show that our database findings are consistent with those found from an off-lattice hydrophobic-polar model of protein folding.
Scalable Monolithically Grown AlGaAs–GaAs Planar Nanowire High-Electron-Mobility Transistor (2011)

Monolithically grown planar nanowire (NW) high-electron-mobility transistors (NW-HEMTs) are demonstrated using self-aligned 〈110〉 GaAs NWs capped with Si-doped Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As shell as the channel on semi-insulating (100) GaAs substrates. The planar Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.35</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.65</sub> As-GaAs NW-HEMT with ~ 1-μm-long gate exhibits excellent dc characteristics, with extrinsic <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> of ~ 80 mS/mm and estimated intrinsic <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> of ~ 260 mS/mm, where the device width is defined as the entire periphery of the NWs. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio is ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> and the threshold is -1.5 V operating in depletion mode. The output current increases linearly with the number of NWs in the channel, while the threshold voltage does not change at all. This indicates excellent uniformity and scalability of the bottom-up-grown NW devices. Compared to field-effect transistors with doped NWs as channels, the structure reported here circumferences the inherent doping nonuniformity issues in NWs grown by the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, and self-aligned lateral epitaxy nature of our NW structure makes scaling up to NW array-based transistors from the bottom up feasible.
Error probability of an optimum receiver designed for nonoverlapping target and scene noise (1997)

An optimum receiver is designed based on multiple-alternative hypothesis testing with unknown parameters for detecting and locating a noisy or a noise-free target in scene noise. For a noise-free target with unknown parameters, the optimum receiver solution can be described by using operations that are independent of the scene noise statistics. Since, in practice, it is not possible to have a completely noise-free target, we examine how the performance of the optimum receiver designed for a noise-free target is affected, in terms of error probability, when there is some additive overlapping noise on the target. We determine the false-alarm and miss error probabilities of the optimum receiver for this case. The error probability of the optimum receiver will be compared with that of the matched filter.
E2-25K/Hip-2 regulates caspase-12 in ER stress–mediated Aβ neurotoxicity (2008)

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) neurotoxicity is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously we found that E2-25K/Hip-2, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, mediates Abeta neurotoxicity. Here, we report that E2-25K/Hip-2 modulates caspase-12 activity via the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident caspase-12 are strongly up-regulated in the brains of AD model mice, where the enzyme colocalizes with E2-25K/Hip-2. Abeta increases expression of E2-25K/Hip-2, which then stabilizes caspase-12 protein by inhibiting proteasome activity. This increase in E2-25K/Hip-2 also induces proteolytic activation of caspase-12 through its ability to induce calpainlike activity. Knockdown of E2-25K/Hip-2 expression suppresses neuronal cell death triggered by ER stress, and thus caspase-12 is required for the E2-25K/Hip-2-mediated cell death. Finally, we find that E2-25K/Hip-2-deficient cortical neurons are resistant to Abeta toxicity and to the induction of ER stress and caspase-12 expression by Abeta. E2-25K/Hip-2 is thus an essential upstream regulator of the expression and activation of caspase-12 in ER stress-mediated Abeta neurotoxicity.
<i>agr</i>Expression Precedes Escape of Internalized<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>from the Host Endosome (2001)

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen capable of causing life-threatening infections. Many of its cell wall and exoproduct virulence determinants are controlled via the accessory gene regulator (agr). Although considered primarily as an extracellular pathogen, it is now recognized that S. aureus can be internalized by epithelial and endothelial cells. Traditional experimental approaches to investigate bacterial internalization are extremely time-consuming and notoriously irreproducible. We present here a new reporter gene method to assess intracellular growth of S. aureus in MAC-T cells that utilizes a gfp-luxABCDE reporter operon under the control of the Bacillus megaterium xylA promoter, which in S. aureus is expressed in a growth-dependent manner. This facilitates assessment of the growth of internalized bacteria in a nondestructive assay. The dual gfp-lux reporter cassette was also evaluated as a reporter of agr expression and used to monitor the temporal induction of agr during the MAC-T internalization process. The data obtained suggest that agr induction occurs prior to endosomal lysis and that agr-regulated exoproteins appear to be required prior to the release and replication of S. aureus within the infected MAC-T cells.
Assessing the significance of focal activations using their spatial extent (1994)

Current approaches to detecting significantly activated regions of cerebral tissue use statistical parametric maps, which are thresholded to render the probability of one or more activated regions of one voxel, or larger, suitably small (e. g., 0.05). We present an approximate analysis giving the probability that one or more activated regions of a specified volume, or larger, could have occurred by chance. These results mean that detecting significant activations no longer depends on a fixed (and high) threshold, but can be effected at any (lower) threshold, in terms of the spatial extent of the activated region. The substantial improvement in sensitivity that ensues is illustrated using a power analysis and a simulated phantom activation study. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A New Type of Piezoelectric-Ceramic Hollow-Cylinder Torsional Vibrator (1990)

This paper presents a new structure of piezoelectric-ceramic torsional-mode vibrator. The vibrator consists of a piezoelectric-ceramic hollow-cylinder using no adhesion. On its outer cylindrical surface interdigital electrodes are located at an inclined angle of 45 degrees against the cylinder axis. The interdigital electrodes are used both for poling and for AC excitation. The capacitance ratio of about 5.8 was experimentally obtained for the fundamental torsional-mode. This torsional-mode vibrator has an advantage of much more simple construction than the conventional vibrators.
Investigating the sensitivity of PMMA optical fibres for use as an evanescent field absorption sensor in aqueous solutions (2005)

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) optical fibres are low-cost polymer fibres that are generally more physically robust than silica fibres, are more flexible, yet like silica fibres have the potential to be used for practical evanescent field absorption sensors in aqueous solutions.However, evanescent field absorption in aqueous solutions is influenced by more than just the specific absorptivity of the solution in question. The physical configuration of the optical fibre itself, as well as surface charge interactions between the fibre and the chromophore in the solution also significantly affects the sensitivity of the fibre to evanescent field absorption.This paper reports on an investigation of numerous physical phenomena that influence evanescent field absorption for PMMA fibres using an aqueous solution of the dye Amidoblack.Parameters investigated included fibre coiling configuration and bend radius, fibre interaction length, and effect of solution pH. Coiled fibres were found to be more sensitive to evanescent field absorption than straight (uncoiled) lengths, and sensitivity was found to increase with a further reduction in bend radius. At high solution pH, the absorption versus solution concentration proved to be linear whereas at low pH the absorption versus concentration relationship exhibited a clear deviation from linearity. The observed nonlinearity at low pH points to the importance of accounting for electrostatic interactions between chromophore and fibre surface when designing a PMMA sensor for evanescent field absorption measurements in aqueous solutions.
Commercial off the shelf direct digital synthesizers for digital array radar (2005)

Up until the 1980s, conventional radar systems consisted primarily of analog circuits, which are costly to build and compatible only to a narrow band of operations. Modern digital technology offers increasing capabilities at a lower cost making it attractive for modern radar application. The Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is one such example of digital technology that is now routinely found in newer radar system designs. The DDS characteristics that most attract radar-system designers are precision frequency tuning, phase offset control, and linear chirp capability. This study discusses the option of incorporating DDS for use in a digital pulsed and/or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, and examined the necessary adaptations such as up-converting baseband signals from DDS to a radar transmission frequency, viable transmit and receive waveforms and the synchronization problem relating to synchronizing the many radiating elements that could range from a few to possibly thousands.
A Triaxial Automotive Wheel Force and Moment Transducer (1975)

<section id="s_1" class="section"> <h2 class="title">A TRIAXIAL AUTOMOTIVE WHEEL FORCE AND MOMENT TRANSDUCER</h2> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A transducer capable of simultaneously measuring the dynamic forces and moments acting on the front or rear wheel of an automotive vehicle has been jointly developed by Ford Motor Company and GSE, Inc. This transducer was designed to be used on passenger cars with 13, 14, or 15 inch wheels. It is adaptable to laboratory wheel and tire testing machines. An instrumentation package that provides electrical excitation, signal conditioning, and cross-talk compensation for the transducer was also developed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The operational features of the transducer and the transducer instrumentation package as well as an assessment of some of its applications will be presented using functional block diagrams. Specifications for the system are listed and calibration data and road evaluation data will also be presented.</div> </section>
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Reactions in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and control of a full-wave, quasi-resonant flyback converter (2003)

A full-wave zero-voltage switching quasiresonant converter flyback converter with a novel multiloop control was built which operates over the range of input voltage and load of a typical distributed-system power supply. The maximum converter frequency of 880 kHz is shown to be close to the practical limit for this specific application. Reasonable full-load efficiency is achieved, and the predicted losses agree with actual circuit measurements. The multiloop control scheme provides noise-immune and stable control over the full operating range of the converter. Design guidelines for the control are given, and it is shown theoretical and measured small-signal performance are in agreement. Performance and stress predictions are also very close to measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Urinary tract infections in the geriatric patients (2018)

Because of the potential for serious complications and mortality, elderly patients with urinary tract infection, should receive immediate empirical treatment based on anamnesis, clinical evaluation and urinalysis and should be re-examined using results from cultures and antibiograms upon follow-up.
Hemochromatosis and “Hla–H”: Definite! (1997)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), which affects some 1 in 400 and has an estimated carrier frequency of 1 in 10 individuals of Northern European descent, results in multi-organ dysfunction caused by increased iron deposition, and is treatable if detected early. Using linkage-disequilibrium and full haplotype analysis, we have identified a 250kb region more than 3 megabases telomeric of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that is identical-by-descent in 85% of patient chromosomes. Within this region, we have identified a gene related to the MHC class I family, termed HLA-H, containing two missense alterations. One of these is predicted to inactivate this class of proteins and was found homozygous in 83% of 178 patients. A role of this gene in hemochromatosis is supported by the frequency and nature of the major mutation and prior studies implicating MHC class I-like proteins in iron metabolism.
Elimination of Whisker Growth on Tin Plated Electrodes (1997)

Abstract At the surface of the tin-plated brass substrate placed at 50°C, the tin whiskers grew evidently within a short time, due to the formation of zinc oxide on the surface and alloying between plated tin and brass substrate as supposed. While at the surface of the brass substrate plated with tin on nickel, there was no trace of the tin whisker at all. Nickel greatly represses the diffusion of base metal materials into the tin layer. Nickel and tin plated monolithic chip capacitors placed at the same condition for 18 years were also observed and the tin whisker growth phenomenon has never taken place either. As a result, the tin plated film on the nickel over silver thick film does not provide the tin whisker growth. Nickel underplating plays an important role in tin plated capacitors for not only the solder leaching but also the tin whisker growth problems.
Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Human Plasma (2005)

olemia who had tHcy concentrations within the reference interval (17 ).
Light signalling mediated by phytochrome plays an important role in cold‐induced gene expression through the C‐repeat/dehydration responsive element (C/DRE) in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2002)

Low temperature induces a number of genes that encode the proteins promoting tolerance to freezing, mediated by ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in plants. The cis-acting element called C/DRE is known to respond to low temperature independently of ABA action. To investigate the signalling and network of ABA-independent pathways, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated containing several copies of the C/DRE derived from cor15a gene with a minimal promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene. The transgenic plants containing four copies of the C/DRE (4C/DRE-GUS) showed responsiveness to cold and drought treatments and were used for characterization of cold signalling and cross-talk. Cold-induced GUS expression was inhibited by okadaic acid at 1 nM, indicating that protein phosphatase 2A might act as a positive regulator. Light was shown to activate cold- and drought-induced GUS expression. Photo-reversibility of the GUS mRNA by red and far-red light with concomitant cold treatment suggests a role of phytochrome as a photoreceptor in mediating light signalling to activate the cold-induced gene expression through the C/DRE. Furthermore, GUS expression analysis in phyA or phyB or phyAphyB mutant backgrounds showed that phytochrome B is a primary photoreceptor responsible for the activation of cold-stress signalling in response to light. Light enhanced the induction kinetics of CBF1, 2, and 3 encoding the cognate transcription factors, and cor15a, in a consecutive manner compared to the dark condition in the cold, suggesting that the connection point between cold and light signalling mediated by phytochrome is at a higher step than the expression of CBF genes.
Perchlorate reduction by an isolated<i>Serratia marcescens</i>strain under high salt and extreme pH (2012)

An isolated Serratia marcescens strain exhibited growth-coupled perchlorate (ClO4 -) reduction under anoxic conditions. Perchlorate was reduced completely with stoichiometric chloride buildup and equimolar acetate consumption. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of pcrA and cld genes coding for key enzymes involved in the ClO4 - degradation pathway. The isolate degraded ClO4 - under high salt (up to 15% NaCl) and a wide range of pH (4.0-9.0), as well as simultaneously reduced nitrate and ClO4 -.
Analysis and design of hybrid parallel-series resonant converter (2002)

Fixed and variable frequency operation of a high-frequency transformer isolated DC-to-DC converter employing a hybrid parallel-series resonant converter bridge operating in continuous current mode is proposed. A state space analysis method is used to analyze the converter for continuous and discontinuous capacitor voltage modes of operation. Based on the analysis, normalized design curves for the converter gain, and other peak component stresses are obtained. A design example is presented. All the results obtained from the analysis are verified with SPICE3 simulation and experimental results, for a 300 W output converter.
HQMedia: A high playback quality Peer-to-Peer live streaming system (2013)

In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming systems, media data may be lost since peers could join and leave the overlay network randomly, deteriorating the video playback quality and continuity. In this paper we develop a hybrid mesh and DHT based P2P streaming system, called HQMedia, to provide high playback quality to users by maintaining high data dissemination resilience with a low overhead. In HQMedia, peers are classified into super peers(SP) and common peers(CP) according to their online time. SPs and CPs form a mesh structure, while SPs along form a new Streaming DHT (SDHT) structure. In this hybrid architecture, we design a joint scheduling and compensation mechanism. If any frames cannot be obtained during the scheduling phase, SDHT based compensation mechanism is invoked to retrieve those missing frames near the playback point. We evaluate the performance of HQMedia by both theoretical analysis and intensive simulation experiments on large scale networks to demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our system. Numerical results show that HQMedia significantly outperforms existing mesh-based P2P live streaming systems by improving playback quality and continuity with only less than 1% extra maintenance overhead.
First Amendment Protection for Public Relations Expression: The Applicability and Limitations of the Commercial and Corporate Speech Models (1990)

(1990). First Amendment Protection for Public Relations Expression: The Applicability and Limitations of the Commercial and Corporate Speech Models. Public Relations Research Annual: Vol. 2, No. 1-4, pp. 205-217.
The seroprevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and nitric oxide in acne rosacea (2002)

The results of the study indicate that the inflammatory species NO, which has been hypothesized to be associated with H. pylori, has no role in the inflammatory mechanism of acne rosacea.
<title>Web-Based Optical Disk Assemblies</title> (1983)

Novel optical disk configurations that use coated webs are described. These include the Kodak Sealed Disk Assembly, which is made from webs held permanently in tension by a peripheral ring structure, and various sized rigid disk substrates to which are laminated coated webs. Such Laminated Disk Assemblies can provide the familiar mechanical properties of aluminum and can be protected from dust in a number of different configurations. Read/ write performance of the disk configurations is given, and media stability data are discussed.
Strategic implications of online word of mouth (2005)

Melanin-encapsulated liposomal spray in combination with diode laser treatment showed significant higher efficacy in the treatment of white and blond hair compared with a control group. However, the clinically observed hair reduction was so weak that additional effort as well as higher costs argues against the application of the tested formulation.