gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Recessive Arabidopsis Mutant That Grows Photoautotrophically under Salt Stress Shows Enhanced Active Oxygen Detoxification (1999)

Mutagenized Arabidopsis seedlings (ecotype Columbia) were screened for the ability to grow photoautotrophically on solid medium containing 200 mM NaCl. A novel mutant line, designated pst1 (for photoautotrophic salt tolerance1), was obtained. There were no significant differences between pst1 and wild-type plants with regard to their ability to induce proline as an osmoregulatory solute. In addition, the content of monovalent cations in pst1 plants grown with or without salt stress was equal to that in the wild type. We observed that light, even at moderate intensities, increased the effects of salt stress on wild-type plants. The pst1 seedlings were nearly 10 times more tolerant to methyl viologen than were wild-type seedlings. We also found that the activities of the active oxygen scavengers superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were enhanced significantly in pst1 plants. The pst1 plants also were tolerant to other stresses, such as high light intensity and toxic monovalent cations. The recessive nature of the pst1 mutation indicates that the potential for salt-stress tolerance is blocked in wild-type Arabidopsis.
Laboratory methods in experimental hematology: I. The diffusion-chamber technique in experimental hematology. (1985)

Applications de la chambre de diffusion aux cultures in vivo de cellules sanguines ou hematopoietiques
Simulating commercial FCCU yields with the Davison circulating riser pilot unit (1988)

Although there are many types of FCCU pilot units in use, very little has been published in which either comparisons among pilot units or comparisons of pilot unit data with commercial performance have been made. Previously the authors showed how three commonly used pilot units (MAT, fixed fluid bed reactor, and circulating riser), operating at nominally the same conditions, compared with one another in ranking two different catalyst types. Others have described theoretical and practical aspects of various pilot unit types, but no one has shown in detail how to use a pilot unit to match commercial performance nor described how subtle pilot unit process variables can substantially change yields and selectivities. In this work, with the close cooperation of Marathon Oil's Robinson refinery staff, the authors describe how the redesigned Davison circulating riser pilot plant (DCR) was used to first closely match the Robinson UOP side by side FCCU performance.
Phosphorescent, Terdentate, Liquid‐Crystalline Complexes of Platinum(II): Stimulus‐Dependent Emission (2008)

Liquid crystals shining bright. A highly efficient platinum(II) luminophore is rendered liquid crystalline using a simple and flexible synthetic approach. Ordering in the liquid-crystalline state allows monomer emission when the characteristic for the material is exciplex-like emission. More than that, emission characteristics are subject to tribological control, with the initial state re-obtained by thermal cycling.
NEUROCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA (1980)

Dopamine, noradrenaline, glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase were measured in various regions of brain obtained at autopsy from a large series of cases of Huntington's chorea, dying with advanced forms of the disease. Neurochemical values in the choreic cases were compared with those from control and schizophrenic cases. In brain tissue from choreic patients, highly significant increases in dopamine concentrations were found in the corpus striatum, nucleus accumbens and pars compacta of the substantia nigra. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the nigrostriatal dopamine system is spared and may exert a relatively unopposed action on striatal function. Noradrenaline concentrations were raised in the caudate nucleus, lateral pallidum and pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, indicating preservation of central noradrenergic pathways. Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was reduced in all brain regions examined but, taking ante-mortem factors into account, the depletion was confined to the striatum and lateral pallidum. This is consistent with the view that striatal GABA-containing interneurons degenerate. Significant losses of choline acetyltransferase activity were observed in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei and hippocampus. The development of muscle rigidity in choreic patients did not significantly affect the neurochemical values. The neurochemical alterations in Huntington's chorea could not be attributed to differences in ante-mortem or post-mortem factors between the choreic group and the control and schizophrenic groups.
Hyaluronic acid with or without bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells improves osteoarthritic knee changes in rat model: a preliminary report. (2012)

Despite being a complex degenerative joint disease, studies on osteoarthritis (OA) suggest that its progression can be reduced by the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The present study thus aims to examine the effects of MSC, HA and the combination of HA-MSC in treating OA in rat model. The histological observations using O'Driscoll score indicate that it is the use of HA and MSC independently and not their combination that delays the progression of OA. In conclusion, the preliminary study suggest that the use of either HA or MSCs effectively reduces OA progression better than their combined use.
Exploiting Protein-Protein Interaction Networks for Genome-Wide Disease-Gene Prioritization (2012)

Complex genetic disorders often involve products of multiple genes acting cooperatively. Hence, the pathophenotype is the outcome of the perturbations in the underlying pathways, where gene products cooperate through various mechanisms such as protein-protein interactions. Pinpointing the decisive elements of such disease pathways is still challenging. Over the last years, computational approaches exploiting interaction network topology have been successfully applied to prioritize individual genes involved in diseases. Although linkage intervals provide a list of disease-gene candidates, recent genome-wide studies demonstrate that genes not associated with any known linkage interval may also contribute to the disease phenotype. Network based prioritization methods help highlighting such associations. Still, there is a need for robust methods that capture the interplay among disease-associated genes mediated by the topology of the network. Here, we propose a genome-wide network-based prioritization framework named GUILD. This framework implements four network-based disease-gene prioritization algorithms. We analyze the performance of these algorithms in dozens of disease phenotypes. The algorithms in GUILD are compared to state-of-the-art network topology based algorithms for prioritization of genes. As a proof of principle, we investigate top-ranking genes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes and AIDS using disease-gene associations from various sources. We show that GUILD is able to significantly highlight disease-gene associations that are not used a priori. Our findings suggest that GUILD helps to identify genes implicated in the pathology of human disorders independent of the loci associated with the disorders.
Effect of Lewis Acidity on the Synthesis of RuHCl(CO)(phosphine)<sub>2</sub>:  Subtle Influence of Steric and Electronic Effects among P<i><sup>i</sup></i>Pr<sub>3</sub>, P<i><sup>i</sup></i>Pr<sub>2</sub>(3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>), and P<i><sup>i</sup></i>Pr<sub>2</sub>Me (2001)

To evaluate the influence of steric, electronic, and synthetic factors, the synthesis of RuHCl(CO)[P(i)Pr(2)(3,5-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3))](2) was carried out, and its Lewis acidity toward Cl- was compared to that of RuHCl(CO)(P(i)Pr(3))(2). In this synthesis, Na(2)CO(3) was shown to be a more effective base than NEt(3), because Na+ can better mask the nucleophilicity of the potential ligand Cl-. An X-ray structure determination of the hydride-free species RuCl(2)(CO)(P(i)Pr(2)Me)(2) shows it to be a dimer, and this solid-state structure persists in solution, but as several different isomers. The synthesis of RuHCl(CO)(P(i)Pr(2)Me)(3) shows that three of this smaller phosphine can crowd around Ru, but dynamic NMR spectra show one phosphine to be weakly bound. The rate of reaction of Me(3)SiC(triple bond)CH with this molecule is suppressed by added free P(i)Pr(2)Me, indicating phosphine dissociation to be a mechanistic component.
A fast algorithm for normal incidence seismograms (1982)

Abstract Computation of a normal incidence synthetic seismogram for a system of vertically stacked homogeneous plane layers can be approached by methods familiar in communication theory (Robinson and Treitel, 1966). In this approach, waves in adjacent layers are related by a 2 X 2 matrix. Waves in nonadjacent layers can be related by applying these elementary matrices recursively--a computational task equivalent to computing the ordered product of the elementary matrices for the intervening layers. In the absence of total internal reflection, the relation of waves in the first and last layers obtained in this way characterizes the propagation of seismic energy in the system. The characterization is complete in the Fourier transform domain when matrix elements are evaluated at N/2 frequencies, where N is the number of interfaces. (If the elements were represented individually, N/2 + 1 frequencies would be required. N/2 is a prorated value based on a more efficient representation.)Analysis of the computational requirements of the standard algorithm (described in the preceding) indicates computer run time scales as N 2 for N large. This paper describes a new algorithm for which the scaling is N(1n 2 N) 2 and, therefore, is faster for large systems.Examples of seismograms computed with the new algorithm are given. Comparative timings on a VAX 11/780 computer indicate the new algorithm has about a one order of magnitude speed advantage when N = 512.
Au Nanodisk-Core Multishell Nanoparticles: Synthetic Method for Controlling Number of Shells and Intershell Distance (2014)

Au nanodisk-core multishell nanoparticles (NDCMS-NPs) were synthesized using a Au nanodisk core as a seed to deposit a controlled number of surrounding Ag layers, followed by galvanic replacement reactions with Au ions in water. Uniform Au NDCMS-NPs with controllable shell numbers and intershell distances exhibited unique surface plasmon mode shifts, which were found to be dependent on the thickness of the Ag layer. The number of shells was tuned by controlling the multistep reactions from one to five. The Au core played a critical role in terms of holding the multishell structure during the experimental procedures. We systematically followed their shape evolution by monitoring the surface plasmon resonance bands, as well as by viewing these physical changes with electron microscopy.
Age-Related Differences in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex BOLD Activity during Cognitive Control Task: An fMRI Study (2017)

Cognitive control is used in everyday life to inhibit inherent thoughts and actions to successfully complete a given task. The current investigation used a subset of the overall data set from a larger study (Wilk & Morton, 2012). Participants completed a size-congruency task, while their blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activity was measured through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Region of interest analyses revealed no significant age-related differences in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) BOLD activation. Nonetheless, the findings of this study confirmed that the left and right dlPFC are indeed involved during cognitive control processing. Additionally, through exploratory analyses, the right inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and right dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) were revealed to have significant age-related increases in BOLD signal. Future studies should further examine the potential age-related changes in the dlPFC, along with other various brain regions to investigate possible functional networks that may be responsible for cognitive control.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Triethylamine‐Mediated Dynamic Transesterification of a Tricyclic Acyloin Having a Latent meso‐Structure: A New Route to Optically Pure Oxodicyclopentadiene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Playground: an object-oriented simulation system with agent rules for children of all ages (1989)

Programming languages for children have been limited by primitive control and data structures, indirect user interfaces, and artificial syntax. Playground is a child-oriented programming language that uses objects to structure data and has a modular control structure, a direct-manipulation user interface, and an English-like syntax. Integrating Playground into the curriculum of a classroom of 9- to 10-year-olds has given us valuable insights from the programs intended users, and confirmed many of our design decisions.
Bounds on multiprocessing anomalies and related packing algorithms (1971)

It has been known for some time that certain rather general models of multiprocessing systems frequently exhibit behavior which could be termed "anomalous," e.g., an increase in the number of processors of the system can cause an increase in the time used to complete a job. In order to fully realize the potential benefits afforded by parallel processing, it becomes important to understand the underlying causes of this behavior and the extent to which the resulting system performance may be degraded.
Towards MRI-guided linear accelerator control: gating on an MRI accelerator (2011)

To boost the possibilities of image guidance in radiotherapy by providing images with superior soft-tissue contrast during treatment, we pursue diagnostic quality MRI functionality integrated with a linear accelerator. Large respiration-induced semi-periodic target excursions hamper treatment of cancer of the abdominal organs. Methods to compensate in real time for such motion are gating and tracking. These strategies are most effective in cases where anatomic motion can be visualized directly, which supports the use of an integrated MRI accelerator. We establish here an infrastructure needed to realize gated radiation delivery based on MR feedback and demonstrate its potential as a first step towards more advanced image guidance techniques. The position of a phantom subjected to one-dimensional periodic translation is tracked with the MR scanner. Real-time communication with the MR scanner and control of the radiation beam are established. Based on the time-resolved position of the phantom, gated radiation delivery to the phantom is realized. Dose distributions for dynamic delivery conditions with varying gating windows are recorded on gafchromic film. The similarity between dynamically and statically obtained dose profiles gradually increases as the gating window is decreased. With gating windows of 5 mm, we obtain sharp dose profiles. We validate our gating implementation by comparing measured dose profiles to theoretical profiles calculated using the knowledge of the imposed motion pattern. Excellent correspondence is observed. At the same time, we show that real-time on-line reconstruction of the accumulated dose can be performed using time-resolved target position information. This facilitates plan adaptation not only on a fraction-to-fraction scale but also during one fraction, which is especially valuable in highly accelerated treatment strategies. With the currently established framework and upcoming improvements to our prototype-integrated MRI accelerator, we will realize more intricate MRI-guided linear accelerator control in the near future.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamics of SiF4 Desorption During Etching of Silicon by XeF2. (1987)

Abstract Time‐of‐flight distributions for SiF 4 , the principal product of the spontaneous etching reaction between Si and XeF 2 , are determined by simulation of waveforms obtained by modulated product beam mass spectrometry.
Issues in link topology design for IP networks (2005)

Choosing a minimum-cost link topology for a network, given a set of nodes and given the node-to-node traffic that must be routed, is a difficult combinatorial problem. In the network design literature, many different approaches, based on a variety of assumptions, have been proposed for this type of problem. The unique features of Internet Protocol (IP) networks make the link topology design problem especially challenging. In this paper, we discuss some of these features and explain why assumptions commonly found in the link topology design literature often fail to capture the behavior of IP traffic. We discuss possible heuristic approaches to link topology selection that take the particular features of IP into account.
Demethylation and cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in marine intertidal sediments (1994)

Demethylation and cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) was measured in three different types of intertidal marine sediments: a cyanobacterial mat, a diatom-covered tidal flat and a carbonate sediment. Consumption rates of added DMSP were highest in cyanobacterial mat slurries (59 μmol DMSP 1−1) and lower in slurries from a diatom mat and a carbonate tidal sediment (24 and 9 μmol DMSP 1−1 h−1, respectively). Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and 3-mercaptopropionate (MPA) were produced simultaneously during DMSP consumption, indicating that cleavage and demethylation occurred at the same time. Viable counts of DMSP-utilizing bacteria revealed a population of 2 × 107 cells cm−3 sediment (90% of these cleaved DMSP to DMS, 10% demethylated DMSP to MPA) in the cyanobacterial mat, 7 × 105 cells cm−3 in the diatom mat (23% cleavers, 77% demethylators), and 9 × 104 cells cm−3 (20% cleavers and 80% demethylators) in the carbonate sediment. In slurries of the diatom mat, the rate of MPA production from added 3-methiolpropionate (MMPA) was 50% of the rate of MPA formation from DMSP. The presence of a large population of demethylating bacteria and the production of MPA from DMSP suggest that the demethylation pathway, in addition to cleavage, contributes significantly to DMSP consumption in coastal sediments.
Cross-stacked superaligned carbon nanotube electrodes for efficient hole conductor-free perovskite solar cells (2016)

Perovskite solar cells fabricated with cross-stacked carbon nanotubes achieve a power conversion efficiency of 8.65% and over 10.5% by doping the carbon nanotubes with iodine.
Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma by Raman Spectroscopy (1997)

Skin cancers are the most common form of malignant neoplasms in man. In this work, near-infrared Fourier transform (NIR-FT) Raman spectroscopy was used to study the molecular alterations in the most common skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Biopsies from 16 histopathologically verified BCC and 16 biopsies from normal skin were harvested and analysed by NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy using a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser as a radiation source. Differences in Raman spectra between BCC and normal skin indicated alterations in protein and lipid structure in skin cancer samples. Spectral changes were observed in protein bands, amide I (1640–1680 cm-1), amide III (1220–1300 cm-1) and ν(C–C) streching (probably in the amino acids proline and valine, 928–940 cm-1), and in bands characteristic of lipids, CH2 scissoring vibration (1420–1450 cm-1) and —(CH2)n— in-phase twist vibration around 1300 cm-1. Moreover, possible changes in polysaccharide structure were found in the region 840–860 cm-1. Analysis of the band intensities in the regions 1220–1360, 900–990 and 830–900 cm-1 allowed for a complete separation between BCC and normal skin spectra. In addition to a direct assessment of spectral intensities, a neural network analysis was performed, which confirmed the differences in spectra between BCC and normal skin. In conclusion, Raman spectra from BCC differ considerably from those of normal skin. Hence, Raman spectroscopy can be viewed as a promising tool for the diagnosis of skin cancer. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biosynthesis of Alpha-N-Acetylglucosaminidase in CulturedHuman Kidney Carcinoma Cells (1985)

The biosynthesis of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase was studied in cultured human kidney carcinoma cells by labeling cells with 35S-methionine, isolation of the enzyme by immunoprecipitation and analysis on gel electrophoresis of the denatured polypeptide(s) and analysis of the native enzyme on linear sucrose gradient centrifugation. The enzyme is synthesized as precursor forms of apparent molecular weight 82,000-86,000. Processing of these precursors yields a polypeptide of apparent molecular weight of 80,000. The precursor-product relationship was indicated by pulse-chase as well as endocytosis experiments. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the native enzyme shows that, extracellularly, the molecule is present with a molecular weight of 80,000; intracellularly, 80-90% of the enzyme is present with an apparent molecular weight of 240,000. We suggest that this is a polymeric form and that polymerization of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase is a late event of the maturation process.
The Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Activated Iron (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Activated IronStewart E. Hazlet and Clinton A. DornfeldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 10, 1781–1782Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01238a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2316Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of beam polarization on laser cutting efficiency (1999)

The three-dimensional (3D) theory of laser cutting is presented. The cutting efficiency determined by its ultimate parameters at different types of polarization is estimated. The physical reasons for limitations of ultimate cutting parameters at a plane P-polarized beam are displayed. In the case of cutting metals with a large ratio of sheet thickness to width of the cut, the laser cutting efficiency for a radially polarized beam is 1.5 - 2 times larger than for plane P-polarized and circularly polarized beams. The possibility of generating the radially polarized beam is discussed.