gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Robust Watermarking Scheme for Color Image in Spatial Domain (2007)

This paper presents a new robust watermarking scheme for color image based on a block probability inspatial domain. A binary watermark image is permutated using sequence numbers generated by a secret key and Gray code, and then embedded four times in different positions by a secret key. Each bit of the binary encoded watermark is embedded by modifying the intensities of anon-overlapping block of 8*8 of the blue component ofthe host image. The extraction of the watermark is bycomparing the intensities of a block of 8*8 of the watermarked and the original images and calculating the probability of detecting '0' or '1'. Tested by benchmark Stirmark 4.0, the experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust and secure against a widerange of image processing operations.
A Review of Manufacturing Processes for Microchannel Heat Exchanger Fabrication (2006)

This paper provides a summary of the types of manufacturing processes currently being used in the fabrication of micro heat exchangers with the main focus on passages with hydraulic diameter of less than 200 micrometers. The following manufacturing processes are reviewed: LIGA, Chemical Etching, Stereolithography, and micro-machining. A comparison of different techniques related to tolerances, material compatibility, and ease of manufacturing is given. Processes capable of high volume fabrication are highlighted.
Rapid GTP binding and hydrolysis by G <sub>q</sub> promoted by receptor and GTPase-activating proteins (1999)

Receptor-promoted GTP binding and GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-promoted GTP hydrolysis determine the onset and termination of G protein signaling; they coordinately control signal amplitude. The mechanisms whereby cells independently regulate signal kinetics and signal amplitude are therefore central to understanding G protein function. We have used quench-flow kinetic methods to measure the rates of the individual reactions of the agonist-stimulated GTPase cycle for G(q) during steady-state signaling. G(q) and m1 muscarinic cholinergic receptor were co-reconstituted into proteoliposomes with one of two GAPs: phospholipase C (PLC)-beta1, the major G(q)-regulated effector protein, and RGS4, a GAP commonly thought to be an inhibitor of G(q) signaling. In this system, the rate constant for GAP-stimulated hydrolysis of Galpha(q)-bound GTP at 30 degrees C was 9-12 s(-1) for PLC-beta1 and 22-27 s(-1) for RGS4. These rates are 1,000- to 2,000-fold faster than in the absence of a GAP and far faster than measured previously. G(q) can thus hydrolyze bound GTP with deactivation half-times of 25-75 ms at 30 degrees C, commensurate with physiological rates of signal termination. GDP/GTP exchange, which reactivates G(q), was the principal rate-limiting step for the GTPase cycle and was also faster than previously thought. At physiological concentrations of GTP, exchange was limited by the rate of dissociation of GDP from the receptor-G(q) complex, with a maximal rate of 1.8 s(-1) at 30 degrees C. Comparison of activation and deactivation rates help explain how GDP/GTP exchange balance rapid GTP hydrolysis to maintain steady-state signal amplitude.
A 2x2 bit Vedic multiplier with different adders in 90nm CMOS technology (2017)

Adders play an important role in various arithmetic circuits such as multipliers. Speed and power consumption become very vital in multiplier design consideration to conserve energy. In this paper, a 2x2 bit Vedic multiplier has been designed using 3 different adder circuits. The first circuit is utilizing two half adders which used 3 transistors exclusive OR gate (3T XOR), the second circuit used two full adders with 6 transistors XOR (6T XOR) gate and the last circuit used two 13 transistors hybrid full adders (13T HFA). The adders used are combined with four AND gates to form a multiplier module to execute a Vedic mathematics algorithm. This algorithm satisfied the requirement of a fast multiplication operation because of the vertical and crosswise architecture from the Urdhva Triyakbyam Sutra which reduced the number of partial products compared to the conventional multiplication algorithm. The 2x2 bit multiplier is simulated using Synopsys Custom Tools using General Process Design Kit (GPDK) of 90 nm CMOS technology. Performance parameters such as power consumption and delay were compared as well as the swing of the output produced. With a 1 V voltage supply, the 2x2 Vedic multiplier with 13T HFA was found to be the best multiplier which produced a full output voltage swing even though the power consumption is second lowest at 22.96 µW and a delay of 47.70 ps. With the combination of hybrid full adder and Vedic mathematics, a new combination of multiplier method with low power and low delay has been successfully produced.
Effects of gastric alkalization on bacterial colonization in critically ill patients (1989)

Gastric alkalization of critically ill patients is associated with bacterial and fungal overgrowth in gastric contents. We studied the incidence of gastric colonization and its relation to other infections and antibiotic therapy in 25 critically ill ICU patients. All patients received 12-h NG Mylanta II and 15 received an H2-receptor antagonist. All patients had bacterial colonization of NG contents within 4 days of ICU admission and 10 had Candida colonization within 8 days. There were 70 NG isolates and the same isolates were found in tracheobronchial secretions (n = 46), blood (n = 4), urine (n = 4), and wounds (n = 8). Tracheobronchial colonization was preceded by NG colonization with the same organism in 12 instances (11 patients), was concurrent with NG colonization in 20 instances (14 patients), was followed by NG colonization in 14 instances (11 patients), and had no similar NG isolate in 18 instances (11 patients). NG culture of the same organism preceded four of eight positive blood cultures. In 35 of 70 NG isolates and five of 11 subsequent tracheobronchial isolates, colonization occurred despite concurrent appropriate antibiotics. We conclude that colonization of alkalinized NG contents is universal, is a common source of infection in other areas, and is not prevented by systemic antibiotic therapy. Local antibiotic therapy may be important in controlling this important source of infection.
THE HUMAN DIMENSION (1954)

THE HUMAN DIMENSION Get access Higher Education and the Human Spirit. By BEXNARO EUGENE MELAND. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1953. ix + 204 pages. $4.00 W. GORDON ROSS W. GORDON ROSS Berea CollegeKy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXII, Issue 2, April 1954, Pages 128–130, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXII.2.128 Published: 01 April 1954
Protection against the staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced intestinal disorder in the monkey by anti-idiotypic antibodies. (1988)

The staphylococcal enterotoxin serotype B (SEB)-induced enteric intoxication and the immediate-type reaction in the skin of unsensitized monkeys was used to define whether agents competing with SEB for target cell receptors may inhibit pathophysiological effects. For this purpose a duodenal provocation test was developed by use of a pediatric gastroscope, allowing the evaluation of the influence of antagonists on the intestinal disorder upon SEB challenge at the same duodenal site. First, carboxymethylation of histidine residues of SEB caused a complete loss of emetic and skin-sensitizing activity without changing the immunological specificity. However, carboxymethylated SEB is a strong inhibitor of enteric intoxications and immediate-type skin reactions upon SEB challenge. Second, after immunization of BALB/c mice with monoclonal anti-SEB antibodies, monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) were obtained by the "hybridoma technique" and purification by idiotype-affinity chromatography. Anti-Id specifically inhibited the binding of horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-SEB to the ligand, and SEB blocked as well the interaction of these two antibody species, indicating a high degree of binding-site selectivity. Anti-Id completely protected against emetic response and diarrhea upon duodenal provocation with SEB and inhibited immediate-type skin reactions as well. Further, anti-Id acted as an antagonist without triggering biologic functions themselves. This shows that anti-Id constitute a useful tool to protect against a bacterial toxin-induced intestinal disorder.
Cancer radiotherapy equipment as a cause of soft-errors in electronic equipment (2005)

The undesirable production of secondary neutrons by cancer radiotherapy linear accelerators has been demonstrated to cause soft-errors in nearby electronics through the /sup 10/B(n, a)/sup 7/Li reaction. The /sup 10/B is a component in the BPSG used as a dielectric material in some IC fabrication processes.
Expression and fine structure of the gene encoding N epsilon-(indole-3-acetyl)-L-lysine synthetase from Pseudomonas savastanoi. (1990)

The gene encoding N epsilon-(indole-3-acetyl)-L-lysine synthetase, iaaL, from Pseudomonas savastanoi was localized within a 4.25-kilobase EcoRI fragment derived from pIAA1 of oleander strain EW 2009. Two open reading frames of 606 and 1188 nucleotides were identified upon sequencing, which directed the in vitro synthesis of Mr 21,000 and Mr 44,000 proteins. Expression of an open reading frame-2 subclone, pMON686, in Escherichia coli indicates that (indole-3-acetyl)-L-lysine synthetase is encoded solely by open reading frame-2. Hydrophobicity plots of the deduced open reading frame-1 protein suggest that it may be a membrane-bound protein, whereas the predicted iaaL gene product possesses considerable hydrophilic character, consistent with the demonstration of (indole-3-acetyl)-L-lysine synthetase activity in cell-free aqueous extracts. No nucleotide or protein homologies were found between iaaL and any sequences contained within the GenBank or National Biomedical Research Foundation data bases (April 13, 1989).
CMOS surface acoustic wave oscillators (2005)

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a CMOS surface acoustic wave (SAW) oscillator. The oscillator utilizes surface acoustic wave resonators implemented in both 1.6micron and 0.5micron AMI CMOS process and fabricated through MOSIS. When connected to Pierce oscillator circuits, these resonators are capable of synthesizing frequencies in the range of 400MHz to 1GHz. This paper also addresses the design issues involving codesigning micromachined resonators with CMOS circuitry to optimize the oscillator design
Voltage contrast electron beam testing experiments on very large scale integrated chip packaging substrates (1988)

Test and inspection are key in reducing costs and increasing reliability of multichip hybrid modules. Increasing very large scale integrated chip packaging densities requiring finer linewidths and more substrate interconnection networks are taxing the probing resolution, throughput, and reliability of conventional mechanical probe test systems. Voltage contrast electron beam test technology was seen as an attractive alternative for high-throughput, noncontact testing of unpopulated packaging substrates and high-density printed wiring boards. A conventional scanning electron microscope was modified by adding large-field vector deflection, a large-field secondary analyzer, beam blanking, an electron flood gun, and a computer control system, thereby providing the primary test functions required for opens and shorts testing: net charging, net voltage measurement, and global charge removal. Successful substrate test results are shown along with data which highlight potential failure mechanisms such as substrate material variations, charge leakages, and contaminants.
Colored, see-through perovskite solar cells employing an optical cavity (2015)

Optical cavity-integrated perovskite solar cells capable of creating distinctive semitransparent colors with high efficiencies are demonstrated.
Cytotoxin and enterotoxin production by Clostridium difficile. (1984)

30 strains of Cl. difficile isolated from faeces of patients with pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAC) and other intestinal disorders and from faeces of asymptomatic carriers were studied for production of toxins. Tissue culture assay was used for the detection of cytotoxin (toxin B) and ileal loop test for enterotoxin (toxin A). All Cl. difficile isolates from patients with PMC and AAC were found to produce cytotoxin, whereas enterotoxin was demonstrated only in approximately 70% of strains.
Four Wheel Steering: Maneuverability and High Speed Stabilization (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A theoretical analysis of four-wheel-steering (4WS) cars is presented. A discussion of low speed maneuvering shows why significant improvements in parallel parking cannot be expected. Using the classical two degree-of-freedom “bicycle model” of the automobile, comparisons of highway maneuverability are made between 4WS and FWS (front-wheel steering) cars. The 4WS lateral response has less phase lag, which permits rapid lane changes with less high frequency motion of the steering wheel. In addition, 4WS vehicles can make more efficient use of tires during transient maneuvers. An extended mathematical model which treats steer angle as a degree of freedom shows that a free control FWS mode is stabilized by either of two 4WS mechanisms considered. This weave oscillation can be excited by a rapid application of steering torque, so moderating the resonance with 4WS probably helps drivers maintain control during emergency maneuvers.</div>
Dynamic Forces Between Two Deformable Oil Droplets in Water (2006)

The understanding of static interactions in colloidal suspensions is well established, whereas dynamic interactions more relevant to biological and other suspended soft-matter systems are less well understood. We present the direct force measurement and quantitative theoretical description for dynamic forces for liquid droplets in another immiscible fluid. Analysis of this system demonstrates the strong link between interfacial deformation, static surface forces, and hydrodynamic drainage, which govern dynamic droplet-droplet interactions over the length scale of nanometers and over the time scales of Brownian collisions. The results and analysis have direct bearing on the control and manipulation of suspended droplets in soft-matter systems ranging from the emulsions in shampoo to cellular interactions.
Observations of interstellar zinc (1982)

IUE observations toward 10 stars have shown that zinc is not depleted in the interstellar medium by more than a factor of two, suggesting that its abundance may serve as a tracer of the true metallicity in the gas. A result pertinent to the history of nucleosynthesis in the solar neighborhood is that the local interstellar medium has abundances that appear to be homogeneous to within a factor of two, when integrated over paths of about 500 pc.
The antimicrobial potential of a new derivative of cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2018)

Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides which exhibit broad antimicrobial activities against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Considering the progressive antibiotic resistance, cathelicidin is a candidate for use as an alternative approach to treat and overcome the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Cathelicidin-BF (Cath-BF) is a short antimicrobial peptide, which was originally extracted from the venom of Bungarus fasciatus. Recent studies have reported that Cath-BF and some related derivatives exert strong antimicrobial and weak hemolytic properties. This study investigates the bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of Cath-BF and its analogs (Cath-A and Cath-B). Cath-A and Cath-B were designed to increase their net positive charge, to have more activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The results of this study show that Cath-A, with a +17-net charge, has the most noteworthy antimicrobial activity against MRSA strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 32-128 μg/ml. The bacterial kinetic analysis by 1 × MIC concentration of each peptide shows that Cath-A neutralizes the clinical MRSA isolate for 60 min. The present data support the notion that increasing the positive net charge of antimicrobial peptides can increase their potential antimicrobial activity. Cath-A also displayed the weakest cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial and H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell lines. Analysis of the hemolytic activity reveals that all three peptides exhibit minor hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes at concentrations up to 250 μg/ml. Altogether, these results suggest that Cath-A and Cath-B are competent candidates as novel antimicrobial compounds against MRSA and possibly other multidrug resistant bacteria.
Health Care Technology Assessment (2005)

The role of technology in the cost of health care is a primary issue in current debates concerning national health care reform. The broad scope of studies for understanding technological impacts is known as technology assessment. Technology policy makers can improve their decision making by becoming more aware, and taking greater advantage, of key trends in health care technology assessment (HCTA). HCTA is the systematic evaluation of the properties, impacts, and other attributes of health care technologies, including: technical performance; clinical safety and efficacy/effectiveness; cost-effectiveness and other economic attributes; appropriate circumstances/indications for use; and social, legal, ethical, and political impacts. The main purpose of HCTA is to inform technology-related policy making in health care. Among the important trends in HCTA are: 1) proliferation of KCTA groups in the public and private sectors; 2) higher standards for scientific evidence concerning technologies; 3) methodological development in cost analyses, health-related quality of life measurement, and consolidation of available scientific evidence (e.g., meta-analysis); 4) emphasis on improved data on how well technologies work in routine practice and for traditionally under-represented patient groups; 5) development of priority-setting methods; 6) greater reliance on medical informatics to support and disseminate HCTA findings.
Structures and Biological Activities of Peptidoglycans of Listeria monocytogenes and Propionibacterium acnes12 (1982)

The cell-wall skeletons of Listeria monocytogenes strain EGD and Propionibacterium acnes strain C7, which have the ability to induce macrophage activation, were analyzed, and the structures of the peptidoglycans were investigated. The analytical data indicate that both peptidoglycans have glucosamine residues with free amino groups, which are responsible for the resistance to lysozyme. Possible structures of these peptidoglycans were deduced from the composition and the results of determination of N- and C-terminal amino acids, together with the characterization of fragments obtained by enzymatic treatment and partial acid hydrolysis of both peptidoglycans. The results suggested that the peptidoglycan of L. monocytogenes contains a cross-linkage region of peptide chains with meso-diaminopimelic acid and D-alanine, which belongs to the A1 gamma type (Schleifer, K.H. & Kandler, O. (1972) Bacteriol. Rev. 36, 407-477), whereas the peptidoglycan of P. acnes contains a cross-linkage region of peptide chains with L,L-diaminopimelic acid and D-alanine, in which two glycine residues combine with amino and carboxyl groups of two L,L-diaminopimelic acid residues. The latter type should be classified as a new type. These cell-wall skeletons and peptidoglycans were shown to have immunoadjuvant activity on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity and suppressive activity on the growth of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice, and the peptidoglycans were shown to be an immunological-active principle of these cell-wall skeletons.
Enhanced HIV Type 1 Neutralization by Human Anti-Glycoprotein 120 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Presence of Monoclonal Antibodies to Lymphocyte Function-Associated Molecule 1 (1999)

Cellular adhesion receptor LFA-1 and its ICAM ligands are known to play a role in HIV infection. The presence of these molecules on virions and target cells promotes virus infectivity and has previously been shown to hinder virus neutralization by anti-HIV antibodies. To delineate the effect of these molecules on neutralization of HIV-1, human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to V3 and the CD4-binding domain (CD4bd) of gp120 were examined in the presence of anti-LFA-1 MAbs. When either of two anti-LFA-1 MAbs was present, higher levels of virus neutralization were achieved by both anti-V3 and anti-CD4bd MAbs. This effect was observed with primary HIV-1 isolates as well as with a laboratory-adapted strain. However, this activity was seen only when an anti-LFA-1 MAb was combined with anti-gp120 MAbs that exhibited virus-specific neutralizing activities, demonstrating the specificity of both the anti-LFA-1 and anti-gp120 MAbs. Enhanced neutralization by anti-gp120 MAbs was observed if the anti-LFA-1 MAb was present during the initial 24 hr only, if added 24 hr after infection, or if present throughout the culture period. These data suggest that the anti-LFA-1 MAbs could act at different stages of HIV-1 infection, including the initial virus-cell interaction as well as during the amplification and spread of virus from cell to cell. These findings demonstrate the significant role of LFA-1 in HIV-1 infection and have important implications for evaluating the neutralizing activity of anti-HIV antibodies.
Parametric imaging of the local attenuation coefficient in human axillary lymph nodes assessed using optical coherence tomography (2012)

We report the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine spatially localized optical attenuation coefficients of human axillary lymph nodes and their use to generate parametric images of lymphoid tissue. 3D-OCT images were obtained from excised lymph nodes and optical attenuation coefficients were extracted assuming a single scattering model of OCT. We present the measured attenuation coefficients for several tissue regions in benign and reactive lymph nodes, as identified by histopathology. We show parametric images of the measured attenuation coefficients as well as segmented images of tissue type based on thresholding of the attenuation coefficient values. Comparison to histology demonstrates the enhancement of contrast in parametric images relative to OCT images. This enhancement is a step towards the use of OCT for in situ assessment of lymph nodes.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of sulfide by oxygen: catalysis by homogeneous metal-phthalocyanine complexes (1979)

The kinetics of the catalyzed autoxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, thiosulfate, and sulfate in aqueous solution has been investigated potentiometrically over the pH range 5-12. The catalytic effects of cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(I1) 4,4’,4”,4”'- tetrasulfophthalocyanine have been determined, and differences in catalytic ability have been explained in terms of relative capacity of the octahedral complexes to reversibly bind oxygen. Kinetic data have been analyzed in terms of a bisubstrate Michaelis-Menton rate law. The rate law and other data indicate that the catalyzed reaction proceeds via the formation of a tertiary-activated complex in which HS^- and O_2 reversibly bind with CoTSP^(2-). pH variations have been explained in terms of the acid dissociation of H_2S, general base catalysis, and deprotonation of pyrrole nitrogens within the phthalocyanine ring.