gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Photodynamic Therapy of <font>B</font>16 Pigmented Melanoma with Different Generations of Sensitizers (1999)

In order to apply photodynamic therapy to pigmented neoplasms, comparative photosensitizing studies of B 16 pigmented melanoma in C 57 B 1/6 mice were carried out with haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), zinc(II) phthalocyanine ( ZnPc ), zinc(II) naphthalocyanine ( ZnNc ) and tetrabenzamido-substituted zinc(II) naphthalocyanine ( ZnNcA ). By injection of the optimal drug concentration and application of the optimal dose of light irradiation (the emission of the laser dye corresponding to the λ max value of the respective sensitizer) a phototherapeutic effect was observed only after photosensitization with the longest-wavelength-absorbing sensitizer, namely ZnNcA . It is supposed that the detected, through different assessment criteria, promising phototherapeutic effect after ZnNcA photosensitization of B 16 pigmented melanoma in mice is due to suitable structural, photophysical and photochemical properties of this sensitizer, but not due to a hyperthermic effect. This assumption is supported by the results obtained after irradiation of B 16 pigmented melanoma-bearing mice with the same fluence rate and fluence but without the sensitizer. In this case the tumour temperature did not increase by more than 35 °C and no changes in the mean tumour diameter or in the malignant subcellular components were detected.
Tuning the energy bandgap of CdSe nanocrystals via Mg doping (2007)

CdSe nanocrystals with a zinc blende structure allowed apparent Mg doping (∼9.8 at.%). Inverse micelles were formed at a low temperature as templates for the zinc blende CdSe nanocrystals, and paraffin oil and oleic acid were used as a solvent and a surfactant, respectively. The Mg doping was shown by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission analyses. Although the particle size of the CdSe and Mg-doped CdSe nanocrystals were ∼6 and ∼8 nm, respectively, the Mg-doped ones show the obvious blueshift in the UV–visible absorption spectra due to the increase in the bulk energy bandgap, which is decisive evidence for the real Mg doping in the CdSe lattices. The Mg-doped CdSe nanocrystals also showed the blueshift in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and their PL intensity was comparable to or even higher than that of the undoped CdSe. This impurity doping using the zinc blende structure is suggested as a simple and effective way to tune the energy bandgap of CdSe nanocrystals and, in turn, to control their light emission colour.
James: A Humanoid Robot Acting over an Unstructured World (2006)

The recent trend of humanoid robotics research has been deeply influenced by concepts such as embodiment, embodied interaction and emergence. In our view, these concepts, beside shaping the controlling intelligence, should guide the very design process of the modern humanoid robotic platforms. In this paper, we discuss how these principles have been applied to the design of a humanoid robot called James. James has been designed by considering an object manipulation scenario and by explicitly taking into account embodiment, interaction, and the exploitation of smart design solutions. The robot is equipped with moving eyes, neck, arm and hand, and a rich set of sensors, enabling proprioceptive, kinesthetic, tactile and visual sensing. A great deal of effort has been devoted to the design of the hand and touch sensors. Experiments, e.g., tactile object classification, have been performed, to validate the quality of the robot perceptual capabilities
A split data cache for superscalar processors (2002)

Superscalar implementations of RISC architectures are emerging as the dominant high-performance microprocessor technology for the mid-1990's. This paper proposes and evaluates a split data cache memory design, a new memory system ehancement for superscalar processor architectures. This design allows floating-point and integer memory access to be executed in parallel. The configuration is well matched to the dual-path execution hardware of many current superscalar processors. It doubles peak bandwidth without the expense or complexity of multi-ported memory, and increases the processor's ability to exploit fine-grained parallelism. The reported simulation results show that by using this enhancement, a speedup of more than 1.5 over the traditional unified cache model can be achieved on some standard benchmarks. The speedup is not uniform among all programs. Several hypotheses are presented and experimentally validated to explain these results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proposal of median‐type fuzzy filter and its optimum design (1993)

Abstract This paper proposes a median‐type fuzzy filter, aiming at the signal estimation in the case where the impulse and white Gaussian noise are superposed on the signal with sudden changes, such as the image signal. The filter is realized by generalizing the fuzzy filter previously proposed by the authors. In the previously proposed fuzzy filter, the signal point to be estimated is taken as the reference point and the signal is estimated by determining the input signals relatively close to the reference point, using the fuzzy clustering; whereas the filter proposed in this paper uses the median value of the input signal sequence as the reference point and the signal is estimated by determining the input signals close to that reference point using the fuzzy clustering. The signal is estimated by determining the center of gravity of the cluster of the points close to the median. Furthermore, in the proposed filter, the optimum design is realized by learning with respect to appropriate training signals. It is in general not possible to decide definitely whether or not the input signal is close to the median, and thus the fuzzy clustering is effective since it takes into consideration the ambiguity of the signal. By introducing the fuzzy clustering, it is shown in particular that an effective signal estimation is realized for the signal with subtle changes.
Ammonia Activation by a Nickel NCN‐Pincer Complex featuring a Non‐Innocent N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: Ammine and Amido Complexes in Equilibrium (2015)

A Ni(0)-NCN pincer complex featuring a six-membered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) central platform and amidine pendant arms was synthesized by deprotonation of its Ni(II) precursor. It retained chloride in the square-planar coordination sphere of nickel and was expected to be highly susceptible to oxidative addition reactions. The Ni(0) complex rapidly activated ammonia at room temperature, in a ligand-assisted process where the carbene carbon atom played the unprecedented role of proton acceptor. For the first time, the coordinated (ammine) and activated (amido) species were observed together in solution, in a solvent-dependent equilibrium. A structural analysis of the Ni complexes provided insight into the highly unusual, non-innocent behavior of the NHC ligand.
Characterization of Germination Receptors of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> ATCC 14579 (2006)

Specific amino acids, purine ribonucleosides, or a combination of the two is required for efficient germination of endospores of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579. A survey including 20 different amino acids showed that l-alanine, l-cysteine, l-threonine, and l-glutamine are capable of initiating the germination of endospores of B. cereus ATCC 14579. In addition, the purine ribonucleosides inosine and adenosine can trigger germination of the spores. Advanced annotation of the B. cereus ATCC 14579 genome revealed the presence of seven putative germination (ger) operons, termed gerG, gerI, gerK, gerL, gerQ, gerR, and gerS. To determine the role of the encoded putative receptors in nutrient-induced germination, disruption mutants were constructed by the insertion of pMUTIN4 into each of the seven operons. Four of the seven mutants were affected in the germination response to amino acids or purine ribonucleosides, whereas no phenotype could be attributed to the mutants with disrupted gerK, gerL, and gerS loci. The strain with a disrupted gerR operon was severely hampered in the ability to germinate: germination occurred in response to l-glutamine but not in the presence of any of the other amino acids tested. The gerG mutant showed significantly reduced l-glutamine-induced germination, which points to a role of this receptor in the l-glutamine germination signaling pathway. gerR, gerI, and gerQ mutants showed reduced germination rates in the presence of inosine, suggesting a role for these operons in ribonucleoside signaling. Efficient germination by the combination of l-glutamine and inosine was shown to involve the gerG and gerI operons, since the germination of mutants lacking either one of these receptors was significantly reduced. Germination triggered by the combination of l-phenylalanine and inosine was lost in the gerI mutant, indicating that both molecules are effective at the GerI receptor.
Short Notices (1976)

Short Notices Get access P. S. LEWIS P. S. LEWIS All Souls CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XCI, Issue CCCLVIII, January 1976, Pages 179-b–180, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLVIII.179-b Published: 01 January 1976
Hyper-G now Hyperwave : the next generation Web solution (1996)

Written by the team that created Hyper-G and its commercial version, HyperWave, this book is the definitive reference for the next generation hypermedia system for the Internet. If you have a large, complex and highly dynamic information space, and/or if you have, or are seeking to create, a high quality multi-author environment, read this book. The CD-ROM includes an evaluation copy of the HyperWave server, the native UNIX and MS-Windows clients as well as the HyperWave administration tools. Hyper-G was conceived and developed at the IICM of Graz University of Technology, in Austria, by a team headed by Hermann Maurer and Frank Kappe, both prolific and widely published authors. Visit the HyperWave pages and view the first five chapters of HyperWave: The Next Generation Web Solution .
The Spectrin-Based Membrane Skeleton and Micron-Scale Organization of the Plasma Membrane (1993)

THE SPECTRIN FAMILY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Diversity of Spectrins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Spectrin Primary Structure and Domain Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Spectrin Super-Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 Spectrin-Membrane Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Regulation of Spectrin Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Preparation and Clinical Application of Indomethacin Gel for Medical Treatment of Stomatitis (2005)

The preparation and clinical applications of indomethacin (IM) gel were investigated in the treatment of stomatitis resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer. IM gel was prepared by adding various water-soluble polymers [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), etc.] to IM aqueous solution. The release rate of IM from IM gels was found to decrease with increasing polymer concentration and viscosity and to follow a first-order reaction rate equation. The release rate of IM from the IM gel with HPC was decreased gradually with increasing polymer concentration and to be easily controllable compared with gels with other polymers. The time before pain relief occurred after application of the IM gel was slightly shorter and the duration of pain relief was longer compared with the IM aqueous solution. It was confirmed that IM gel is useful in the treatment of stomatitis.
Finite-element analysis of copper loss in 1-10 MHz transformers (1989)

Issues related to the copper loss in the planar windings of 1-1 MHz power transformers are discussed. The relationship between current distribution, copper loss, and core geometry is investigated with the aid of finite-element analysis. Magnetizing current proximity effects are shown to cause excessive copper loss in a simple sandwich transformer, a structure formed by sandwiching the planar winding between two plates of magnetic material. Three alternative transformer structures that reduce this problem are compared. These alternative structures are: the cofired transformer, the slotted gapped transformer, and the slotted ungapped transformer. It is concluded that a slotted transformer design should be used if the magnetizing current is relatively large. Both a slotted gapped and a slotted ungapped design relies strongly on the exact permeability of the material and may suffer from higher core losses because all of the energy is stored in the magnetic material, rather than in an air gap. In either case, the depth of the slot should be About 40% of its width.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Symmetries, inversion formulas, and image reconstruction for optical tomography (2004)

We consider the image reconstruction problem for optical tomography with diffuse light. The associated inverse scattering problem is analyzed by making use of particular symmetries of the scattering data. The effects of sampling and limited data are analyzed for several different experimental modalities, and computationally efficient reconstruction algorithms are obtained. These algorithms are suitable for the reconstruction of images from very large data sets.
Modeling and simulation of autonomous underwater vehicles: design and implementation (2003)

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have many scientific, military, and commercial applications because of their potential capabilities and significant cost-performance improvements over traditional means for performing search and survey. The development of a reliable sampling platform requires a thorough system design and many costly at-sea trials during which systems specifications can be validated. Modeling and simulation provides a cost-effective measure to carry out preliminary component, system (hardware and software), and mission testing and verification, thereby reducing the number of potential failures in at-sea trials. An accurate simulation can help engineers to find hidden errors in the AUV embedded software and gain insights into the AUV operations and dynamics. This paper reviews our research work on real-time physics-based modeling and simulation for our AUVs. The modeling component includes vehicle dynamics, environment and sensor characteristics. The simulation component consists of stand-alone versus hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation, for both single as well as multiple vehicles. In particular, implementation issues with regard to multitasking system resources will be addressed. The main contribution of this paper is to present the rationale for our simulation architecture and the lessons learned.
Potentiation of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by combining hyperthermia and dipyridamole in vitro. (1989)

Evidence was obtained for the augmentation of cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) when hyperthermia and dipyridamole (DP) were combined in vitro. Nontoxic levels of DP enhanced the combined cytotoxicity of 5-FU and heat against HeLa and B16 melanoma cells, and the 50% effective concentration of 5-FU decreased 7.3 fold for HeLa cells and 3.0 fold for B16 melanoma cells, when exposed to heat plus DP. This combined effect did not depend on intracellular increases in the concentrations of 5-FU. Thus hyperthermia together with DP seems to improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to 5-FU. As the sensitivity of colorectal cancer tissue to drugs is low, 5-FU plus hyperthermia and DP shows promise for the treatment of such patients.
Structure of the ABC Transporter MsbA in Complex with ADP·Vanadate and Lipopolysaccharide (2005)

Select members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to substrate efflux and confer multidrug resistance. We have determined the x-ray structure of MsbA in complex with magnesium, adenosine diphosphate, and inorganic vanadate (Mg.ADP.Vi) and the rough-chemotype lipopolysaccharide, Ra LPS. The structure supports a model involving a rigid-body torque of the two transmembrane domains during ATP hydrolysis and suggests a mechanism by which the nucleotide-binding domain communicates with the transmembrane domain. We propose a lipid "flip-flop" mechanism in which the sugar groups are sequestered in the chamber while the hydrophobic tails are dragged through the lipid bilayer.
Auxiliary power supply for Solid State Transformers (2012)

In contrast to traditional 60 Hz transformer, solid state transformer (SST) offers power flow control, integration of renewables and maintaining grid stability in high renewable penetration scenario. Like a typical power converter, SST requires low voltage (24 V dc) power for its control and sensing circuits. In running condition, this power is derived from its low voltage dc bus at 400 V. But it is challenging to derive it during start-up, because the only source available during start-up is the distribution grid at 7.2 kV, 60 Hz. Due to high input voltage (7.2 kV, 60 Hz), deriving a control supply of about 150 W, even for just start-up duration of about 200 ms, presents a novel power electronics problem. In this paper, two solutions have been proposed to address this issue, by taking a 20 kVA, 6.5 kV Si IGBT and 15 kV SiC MOSFET based SSTs as the reference converters. The first solution is generic and is based on storing the required start-up energy in a dc capacitance. This is based on developing a cost-effective high voltage switch using low voltage IGBTs with self-driven functionality. The second solution, applicable only to SST topologies with high voltage ac capacitive filter, is to tap the energy from the capacitor itself. The fundamental constraints considered for both the solutions are practical feasibility at high voltage (7.2 kV ac or over 10 kV dc), power loss, size, weight and cost-effectiveness. Experimental validation of extracting continuous power for the IGBT gate driver ICs from the snubber is presented with 200 V input. And, the results of the auxiliary power derivation from the filter capacitor are shown with 5.7 kV ac input.
High-Efficiency Nanowire Solar Cells with Omnidirectionally Enhanced Absorption Due to Self-Aligned Indium–Tin–Oxide Mie Scatterers (2016)

Photovoltaic cells based on arrays of semiconductor nanowires promise efficiencies comparable or even better than their planar counterparts with much less material. One reason for the high efficiencies is their large absorption cross section, but until recently the photocurrent has been limited to less than 70% of the theoretical maximum. Here we enhance the absorption in indium phosphide (InP) nanowire solar cells by employing broadband forward scattering of self-aligned nanoparticles on top of the transparent top contact layer. This results in a nanowire solar cell with a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 17.8% and a short-circuit current of 29.3 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> under 1 sun illumination, which is the highest reported so far for nanowire solar cells and among the highest reported for III-V solar cells. We also measure the angle-dependent photocurrent, using time-reversed Fourier microscopy, and demonstrate a broadband and omnidirectional absorption enhancement for unpolarized light up to 60° with a wavelength average of 12% due to Mie scattering. These results unambiguously demonstrate the potential of semiconductor nanowires as nanostructures for the next generation of photovoltaic devices.
An Image Schema Language (2006)

This paper introduces ISL, a language for representing and manipulating image schemas. ISL supports the representation of symbolic as well as quantitative dynamic properties of objects and relationships. We have encoded a number of the image schemas commonly covered in the cognitive linguistics literature and tested them in three domains: patterns in chess, tactics in military scenarios, and behavior in a simple robot arm simulation. This paper discusses the design of the language and demonstrates its representational capabilities with examples from these domains.
Monolithic integration of a laser diode and an optical waveguide modulator having a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well double heterostructure (1986)

This letter describes the monolithic integration of a laser diode and an optical waveguide modulator that have the same GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well double heterostructure grown on the same substrate. The intensity of the light emitted from the laser diode is modulated by the modulator, utilizing the effect of an electric field on exciton absorption. The absorption loss coefficient of the modulator waveguide with no applied voltage was estimated to be 60 cm−1. This value is much smaller than the previously reported corresponding value of a veguide having a conventional GaAs double heterostructure. The modulation depth achieved was 7 dB for a driving voltage of 2.3 V; the cut-off modulation frequency was 0.88 GHz. A prospect for improving these characteristics is also presented.
Ancient Korean Neural Machine Translation (2020)

Translation of the languages of ancient times can serve as a source for the content of various digital media and can be helpful in various fields such as natural phenomena, medicine, and science. Owing to these needs, there has been a global movement to translate ancient languages, but expert minds are required for this purpose. It is difficult to train language experts, and more importantly, manual translation is a slow process. Consequently, the recovery of ancient characters using machine translation has been recently investigated, but there is currently no literature on the machine translation of ancient Korean. This paper proposes the first ancient Korean neural machine translation model using a Transformer. This model can improve the efficiency of a translator by quickly providing a draft translation for a number of untranslated ancient documents. Furthermore, a new subword tokenization method called the Share Vocabulary and Entity Restriction Byte Pair Encoding is proposed based on the characteristics of ancient Korean sentences. This proposed method yields an increase in the performance of the original conventional subword tokenization methods such as byte pair encoding by 5.25 BLEU points. In addition, various decoding strategies such as n-gram blocking and ensemble models further improve the performance by 2.89 BLEU points. The model has been made publicly available as a software application.