gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of Input Variable Selection Methods for Artificial Neural Networks (2011)

The choice of input variables is a fundamental, and yet crucial consideration in identifying the optimal functional form of statistical models. The task of selecting input variables is common to the development of all statistical models, and is largely dependent on the discovery of relationships within the available data to identify suitable predictors of the model output. In the case of parametric, or semi-parametric empirical models, the difficulty of the input variable selection task is somewhat alleviated by the a priori assumption of the functional form of the model, which is based on some physical interpretation of the underlying system or process being modelled. However, in the case of artificial neural networks (ANNs), and other similarly data-driven statistical modelling approaches, there is no such assumption made regarding the structure of the model. Instead, the input variables are selected from the available data, and the model is developed subsequently. The difficulty of selecting input variables arises due to (i) the number of available variables, which may be very large; (ii) correlations between potential input variables, which creates redundancy; and (iii) variables that have little or no predictive power. Variable subset selection has been a longstanding issue in fields of applied statistics dealing with inference and linear regression (Miller, 1984), and the advent of ANN models has only served to create new challenges in this field. The non-linearity, inherent complexity and non-parametric nature of ANN regression make it difficult to apply many existing analytical variable selection methods. The difficulty of selecting input variables is further exacerbated during ANN development, since the task of selecting inputs is often delegated to the ANN during the learning phase of development. A popular notion is that an ANN is adequately capable of identifying redundant and noise variables during training, and that the trained network will use only the salient input variables. ANN architectures can be built with arbitrary flexibility and can be successfully trained using any combination of input variables (assuming they are good predictors). Consequently, allowances are often made for a large number of input variables, with the belief that the ability to incorporate such flexibility and redundancy creates a more robust model. Such pragmatism is perhaps symptomatic of the popularisation of ANN models through machine learning, rather than statistical learning theory. ANN models are too often developed without due consideration given to the effect that the choice of input variables has on model complexity, learning difficulty, and performance of the subsequently trained ANN. 1
Optimizing long-term patient compliance. (1995)

The key elements for enhancing patient compliance when prescribing are selecting the fewest number of daily doses (taking patient's other medications into consideration), scheduling when doses are to be taken, and helping the patient select an appropriate reminder or "cue." Developing reminder cues, such as clock time, meal time, or bathroom ritual, requires only a few minutes of careful planning to mesh with the patient's lifestyle. If one type of cue is not successful, another or combinations of cues are tried over time. Asking patients about their cues at each visit not only helps patients develop personalized cuing systems, but also reminds them that their physician has a consistent interest in the way they take their medication. Unfortunately, no single specific strategy will enhance compliance in all patients. Physicians have the greatest influence on medication compliance when they provide specific suggestions that fit into the patient's lifestyle.
Conversion of Thioamide to Benzothiazole with Oxidizing Agents (2014)

In order to search for novel chemotherapeutical agents, we tried reactions of lutidine(s) with active methyl group and anilines in the presence of sulfur and we report synthesis of amide from thioamide by using SeO2, ZrO2 or KMnO4. Benzothiazoles was formed by the oxidative cyclization of thioamides with oxidizing agent (SeO2, ZrO2 and KMnO4) in an alkaline solution. We know reactivity of SeO2 as an oxidizing agent is higher than that of ZrO2 and KMnO4.
Face detection based on generic local descriptors and spatial constraints (2002)

We present an algorithm for face detection that is based on generic local descriptors (e.g. eyes). A generic descriptor captures the distribution of individual descriptors over a set of samples (training images). This distribution is assumed to be a Gaussian mixture model and is learnt using the minimum description length principle. A descriptor of an unknown image may then be classified as one of the generic local descriptors. Robustness is achieved by using spatial constraints between locations of descriptors. Experiments show very promising results.
Association study of Wegener granulomatosis and the functionally relevant A645G polymorphism in the bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) gene (2005)

In antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) ANCAs are detected. Recent observations suggest that BPI-ANCAs can potentially contribute to a proinflammatory setting in the absence of proteinase 3 (PRTN3) ANCAs during the development of a pulmonary relapse by impeding the elimination of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). However, it is as yet not clear whether the genetic background contributes to the generation of BPI-ANCAs in Wegener granulomatosis (WG) or if BPI polymorphisms are associated with WG. In this study we genotyped the functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A645 (Glu216Lys) of the BPI gene in 201 WG patients and 608 healthy controls. To investigate whether further SNPs might be associated with WG, we also examined an intragenic microsatellite marker. No significant differences were found between patients and controls. Thus BPI polymorphisms do not appear to contribute to genetic predisposition to WG. Moreover, our data do not suggest a genetic background for the generation of BPI-ANCAs in WG.
Extracting solid conductors from a single triangulated surface representation for interconnect analysis (1996)

A method has been developed for extracting solid geometry from a single surface and has been used to link three-dimensional topography simulation with three-dimensional interconnect analysis. It begins with the intersection of multiple triangulated surfaces to enclose the desired solid, followed by the removal of unwanted surfaces using the deloop algorithm and a new algorithm for the removal of thin triangles. The thin triangle removal algorithm runs in O(n) time and can remove a large number of unnecessary facets without significantly altering the surface topography. The solid extraction algorithm runs in O(n/spl middot/lg n) time, limited by the performance of the deloop algorithm. The solid extraction capability enables more accurate three-dimensional interconnect analyses to be performed on rigorously simulated topography using tools such as FASTCAP from M.I.T. For comparison, FASTCAP analyses have been performed on polysilicon elbows generated by simple mask extrusion and a more rigorous SAMPLE-3D simulation. Results show differences up to 44% in capacitance values between the mask extrusion model and SAMPLE-3D topography.
Radiologic diagnosis of pain in the athlete. (1987)

This article provides an overview of the various radiographic procedures available today. The correct indications for the use of each of these is emphasized and illustrated.
Anti‐C3d Antiglobulin Reagents. II. Preparation of an Antiglobulin Serum Monospecific for C3d (1974)

Three approaches are described to the preparation of a potent antiglobulin reagent monospecific for the C3d component of C3: 1) attempts to absorb out the anti‐C3c component of a bisperific anti‐C3c, C3d serum, 2) attempts to isolate by affinity chromatography purified C3d to be used for animal immunization, 3) animal immunization with a relatively crude filtration fraction of aged serum which contained C3d but lacked C3c. Problems encountered with the first two approaches are described and discussed. Preparation of a potent anti‐C3d serum by the third approach is documented, as are methods employed to assess the specificity and potency of the reagent.
A Study of User Interface of On-Demand Overlay Network for Clouds (2012)

Overlay network technologies for cloud service provide users with flexibility and on-demand controllability to the network. In cases where overlay network technology is provided as a service, the authority of network operation should be delegated to users. It is required that users manipulate virtual nodes by themselves in order to configure their desired network. That is, users recognize the network service as a type of conceptual model, and manipulate it so that they conduct their desired business. Hence, it is necessary to provide an interface function that helps users to configure the network service model. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on overlay network service for clouds and propose network service model, which is developed by not only physical network equipment but also virtualized network resources, actors involved in the service, and work flow of them. Then, we propose the method of functional design of user interface based on the service model. Finally, we show the example of interface system implementation and confirm that the system enables on-demand network operation by users.
Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury (2002)

The objective of this study was to understand the biomechanics in age-related primary traumatic brain injuries (TBI) causing initial severity and secondary progressive damage and to develop strategy reducing TBI outcome variability using biomechanical reconstruction to identify types of causal mechanisms prior to clinical trials of neuro-protective treatment. The methods included the explanation of TBI biomechanics and physiopathological mechanisms from dual perspectives of neurosurgery and biomechanical engineering. Scaling of tolerances for skull failure and brain injuries in infants, children and adults are developed. Diagnostic assumptions without biomechanical considerations are critiqued. Methods for retrospective TBI reconstruction for prevention are summarized. Mechanisms of TBI are based on the differences between the mechanical properties of the head and neck related to age. Skull fracture levels correlate with increasing cranial bone thickness and in the development of the cranial sutures in infants and in adults. Head injury tolerance levels at three age categories for cerebral concussion, skull fracture and three grades of diffuse axonal injuries (DAI) are presented. Brain mass correlates inversely for TBI caused by angular head motions and locations of injurious stresses are predictable by centripetal theory. Improved quantitative diagnosis of TBI type and severity levels depend primarily on age and biomechanical mechanisms. Reconstruction of the biomechanics is feasible and enables quantitative stratification of TBI severity. Experimental treatment has succeeded in preventing progressive damage in animal TBI models. In humans this has failed, because the animal model received biomechanically controlled TBI and humans did not. Clinical similarities of human TBI patients do not necessarily predict equivalent biomechanics because such trauma can be produced in various ways. We recommend 'reverse engineering' for in-depth reconstruction of the TBI injury mechanism for qualitative diagnoses and reduction of outcome variability.
Three-dimensional structures of magnetostatic atmospheres. I - Theory (1985)

This paper presents two families of magnetostatic equilibrium states for two atmospheres, one with a uniform gravity and the other with a gravity due to a point mass in spherical geometry. Taking the electric current to be everywhere perpendicular to the gravitational force, the fully three-dimensional problem is shown to be amenable to analytic treatment. The equilibrium equations are reducible to a single nonlinear scalar partial differential equation. The assumption on the electric-current orientation is less restrictive than those used to generate three-dimensional magnetostatic states in previous studies. Consequently, the new magnetostatic solutions reported here exhibit a rich variety of possible magnetic topologies. A subset of these solutions have magnetic topologies identical to those of the set of all potential magnetic fields. This subset of solutions are analyzed as illustrative examples, with an application to model the three-dimensional magnetic structure of cool plasma loops, often observed in the EUV corona. The prospect for modeling realistic structures in the solar atmosphere with observational inputs is pointed out. The discussion relates the theoretical development to the property of nonequilibrium discussed by Parker and others.
Lighting Up the Internet of Things with DarkVLC (2016)

Visible Light Communication (VLC) holds a great potential to solve the spectrum crunch problem and to provide scalable connectivity to zillions of mobile and IoT devices. However, VLC commonly requires LED lights to be on, which fundamentally limits the applicable scenarios of VLC and makes VLC less attractive to mobile and IoT devices with tight energy budget. We present DarkVLC, a new VLC primitive that allows the VLC link to be sustained even when the LED lights appear dark or off. The key idea is to encode data into ultra-short light pulses imperceptible to human eyes yet detectable by devices equipped with photodiodes. Realizing DarkVLC faces several challenges to generate and deal with the ultra-short light pulses reliably. We describe our preliminary efforts to tackle these challenges and build a DarkVLC prototype using off-the-shelf LEDs and low-cost photodiodes. DarkVLC fundamentally broadens the application scenarios of VLC and provides a new ultra-low power, always-on connectivity affordable for mobile and IoT devices.
Methylation of Some Amides in Acetone<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylation of Some Amides in Acetone1Irwin J. Pachter and Milton C. KloetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 5, 1321–1322Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01125a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01125a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views946Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Requirement of phosphatidylglycerol for photosynthetic function in thylakoid membranes (2000)

To investigate the role of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in photosynthesis, we constructed a mutant defective in the CDP-diacylglycerol synthase gene from a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. The mutant, designated as SNC1, required PG supplementation for growth. Growth was repressed in PG-free medium concomitantly with the decrease in cellular content of PG. These results indicate that PG is essential, and that SNC1 is defective in PG synthesis. Decrease in PG content was accompanied by a reduction in the cellular content of chlorophyll, but with little effect on the contents of phycobilisome pigments, which showed that levels of chlorophyll-protein complexes decreased without alteration of those of phycobilisomes. Regardless of the decrease in the PG content, CO(2)-dependent photosynthesis by SNC1 was similar to that by the wild type on a chlorophyll basis, but consequently became lower on a cell basis. Simultaneously, the ratio of oxygen evolution of photosystem II (PSII) measured with p-benzoquinone to that of CO(2)-dependent photosynthesis, which ranged between 1.3 and 1.7 in the wild type. However, it was decreased in SNC1 from 1.3 to 0.4 during the early growth phase where chlorophyll content and CO(2)-dependent photosynthesis were little affected, and then finally to 0.1, suggesting that PSII first lost its ability to reduce p-benzoquinone and then decreased in its level and actual activity. These results indicate that PG contributes to the accumulation of chlorophyll-protein complexes in thylakoid membranes, and also to normal functioning of PSII.
Toxicity of Reaction Products from Enzymatic Oxidation of Phenolic Pollutants (1992)

Research Article| November 01 1992 Toxicity of Reaction Products from Enzymatic Oxidation of Phenolic Pollutants P. E. Heck; P. E. Heck Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar I. J. Massey; I. J. Massey Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. D. Aitken M. D. Aitken Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Water Sci Technol (1992) 26 (9-11): 2369–2371. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0739 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation P. E. Heck, I. J. Massey, M. D. Aitken; Toxicity of Reaction Products from Enzymatic Oxidation of Phenolic Pollutants. Water Sci Technol 1 November 1992; 26 (9-11): 2369–2371. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0739 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A review of tin oxide-based catalytic systems: Preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior (1987)

This paper reviews the important aspects of the preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior of tin oxide-based catalytic systems including doped tin oxide, mixed oxides which contain tin oxide, Pt supported on tin oxide and Pt/Sn supported on alumina. These systems have a broad range of applications and are continually increasing in importance. However, due to their complex nature, much remains to be understood concerning how they function catalytically.
Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the elderly (2008)

Respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide: influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the predominant pathogens responsible. Annual vaccination and the use of antiviral drugs provides both protection and treatment against influenza, particularly protecting those patients most at risk, including the elderly and individuals with chronic comorbidities. Currently, there are extremely limited options in the protection against RSV infection, making those at-risk patients vulnerable to serious disease, complications and death. This review focuses on recent trends in respiratory illness in the elderly, particularly focusing on the burden of influenza and RSV on hospitalizations and mortality. We discuss the potential benefit of influenza vaccination on these outcomes, including the recent controversial debate over the effectiveness of influenza vaccination.
Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCapillary supercritical fluid chromatographyJohn C. Fjeldsted and Milton L. LeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 4, 619–628Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00268a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00268a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Large-Scale Testing Methodology to Measure the Influence of Pressure On Tensile Strain Capacity of a Pipeline (2007)

Strain capacity of a welded pipeline is usually characterized using uniaxial tests such as curved wide plate test. However, the difference between the responses of a wide plate test and a pressurized pipe has not been fully established. Six pressurized and un-pressurized full-scale tests with machined flaws have been conducted to determine the influence of pressure on the tensile capacity of a pipeline. Experimental techniques and results showing the effect of pressure on the strain capacity of the pipe and tearing resistance of the flaws are presented. It has been demonstrated that pressure can significantly reduce the measured strain capacity.
Thioketen‐Synthesen, III<sup>1)</sup> Umsetzung von Phosphonat‐Carbanionen mit Kohlenstoffdisulfid (1979)

Abstract Die α‐monosubstituierten Phosphonat‐Carbanionen 2 reagieren mit Kohlenstoffdisulfid ( 3 ) über die Primäraddukte 4 zu den 1,1‐Alkendithiolaten 6 , die sich durch Alkylierung, Oxidation, Protonierung sowie Phosgenierung zu den Phosphonoverbindungen 7–11 charakterisieren lassen. Die Dithietanone 11 geben für Thioketene typische Reaktionen. Die α,α‐disubstituierten Phosphonat‐Carbanionen 15 setzen sich mit 3 zu den Salzen 16 um, die wie 4 keinerlei Tendenz zur Thioketen‐Bildung in einer Horner‐Reaktion zeigen. Durch Alkylierung werden aus 16 die phosphonosubstituierten Dithioester 18 zugänglich. Ähnlich entstehen aus 15c und Carbonylsulfid ( 24 ) über das Anion 25 die S ‐(Alkyl)thiosäureester 26 und mit Isocyanaten oder Isothiocyanaten 28 über 29 die Amide bzw. Thioamide 30 . Das Anion 29a gibt in der Wärme mit der Bildung des Alkoxyketenimins 31 das erste Beispiel für die Olefinierung eines Heterokumulens nach Horner.