gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus‐1 in cattle by immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein D as a fusion protein with bovine CD154 (2004)

The objective of this study was to determine whether a DNA vaccine encoding bovine CD154 linked to a truncated version of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (tgD-CD154) induces enhanced tgD-specific immune responses in cattle. In vitro characterization demonstrated that tgD and tgD-CD154 both bind to cultured bovine B cells, whereas only tgD-CD154 induces interleukin-4-dependent proliferation, suggesting that tgD-CD154 specifically binds the CD40 receptor and induces receptor signalling. Calves were immunized with plasmid encoding either tgD or tgD-CD154 by intradermal injection with a needle-free device. After two immunizations, tgD-specific immune responses were observed in both vaccinated groups and after challenge with BHV-1 these responses further increased. Animals immunized with plasmid encoding tgD-CD154 had significantly higher tgD-specific serum titres of immunoglobulins G and A but significantly lower numbers of tgD-specific interferon-gamma-secreting cells than animals immunized with plasmid encoding tgD after BHV-1 challenge. This suggests that the expression of an antigen as a chimeric protein with CD154 can qualitatively alter immune responses in cattle. Since we previously showed that plasmid encoding tgD-CD154 induces significantly enhanced secondary tgD-specific antibody responses in sheep, there appear to be interspecies differences in the immune responses induced by tgD-CD154, which suggests that both proteins in the chimeric molecule may influence protein targeting and the induction of an immune response.
Interaction of relativistic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions with thin foils (1991)

The response of relativistic ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ions to thin carbon foils was investigated for beam energies ranging from 226 to 800 MeV. For the foil thicknesses studied, ranging from 15 to 300 \ensuremath{\mu}g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, an appreciable fraction of the ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ beam survives intact, some ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ions are stripped down to protons, and the remainder is distributed over the states of ${\mathrm{H}}^{0}$. This experiment is different from the low-energy studies in that the projectile velocity is comparable to the speed of light, leading to an interaction time typically less than a femtosecond. The present results challenge the theoretical understanding of the interaction mechanisms. An electron spectrometer was used to selectively field ionize the Rydberg states 9n17 at beam energies of 581 and 800 MeV. The yield of low-lying states was measured by Doppler tuning a Nd:YAG (where YAG represents yttrium aluminum garnet) laser to excite transitions to a Rydberg state that was then field ionized and detected. Data are presented for production of n=2,3 at 226 MeV, n=2,3 at 500 MeV, n=2,3,4 at 581 MeV, n=2 at 716 MeV, and n=1,2,3,4,5 at 800 MeV. A simple model is developed to fit the yield of each state as a function of foil thickness. Although the simple model is successful in predicting the general features, the data are suggestive of a more complex structure, in the yield of a state as a function of the foil thickness. The optimum thickness to produce a given state increases with the principal quantum number of the state, suggesting an excitation process that is at least partially stepwise. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation are compared with the experimental data to estimate the distribution of the excited states coming out of a foil.
The Preparation of the Diastereoisomers of Cystathionine and Homolanthionine<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of the Diastereoisomers of Cystathionine and Homolanthionine1Sidney Weiss and Jakob A. StekolCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2497–2499Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical carrier linewidth broadening in a traveling wave semiconductor laser amplifier (1990)

The powerful spectral densities of the phase, intensity, and electron density noise derived in a previous paper are used to calculate the linewidth broadening of an optical carrier as it propagates through a traveling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier. It is found that the amount of broadening is dependent upon the input linewidth as well as amplifier parameters. The effect of saturation due to high input power is considered, as well as the operational regime where intensity, rather than phase, noise determines the amplifier output line shape. An example system calculation is used to demonstrate the impact of amplifier line broadening on system design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alkaline phosphatase activity is up regulated in regenerating human periodontal cells (1999)

The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is considered to indicate the presence of osteoblast cells and the formation of new bone. In the present study this enzyme was investigated in cells obtained from retrieved polytetrafluoroethylene membranes (M cells) of periodontal disease patients treated by guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and from the regenerated tissue underlying the membrane (RT cells). Normal periodontal ligament (PL) and gingival cells were also grown from the corresponding healthy tissues of human subjects. ALP activity was measured colourimetrically, using paranitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, after 4 and 7 d of culture in the absence and presence of dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid which induces osteoblast differentiation. The results showed that basal levels of ALP activity were expressed by all the cells and that DEX upregulated ALP levels in the M, RT and PL cells but not in the gingival cells. Moreover, both the basal and DEX-induced ALP activities were statistically significantly higher in the RT cells than in any of the other cells. Our results suggest that both the GTR-associated and normal PL cells express osteoblast-like characteristics and, furthermore, that the RT cultures in particular contain a high proportion of osteoprogenitor cells.
Optimizing Sparse Matrix–Vector Product Computations Using Unroll and Jam (2004)

Large-scale scientific applications frequently compute sparse matrix–vector products in their computational core. For this reason, techniques for computing sparse matrix– vector products efficiently on modern architectures are important. In this paper we describe a strategy for improving the performance of sparse matrix–vector product computations using a loop transformation known as unrollandjam. We describe a novel sparse matrix representation that enables us to apply this transformation. Our approach is best suited for sparse matrices that have rows with a small number of predictable lengths. This work was motivated by sparse matrices that arise in SAGE, an application from Los Alamos National Laboratory. We evaluate the performance benefits of our approach using sparse matrices produced by SAGE for a pair of sample inputs. We show that our strategy is effective for improving sparse matrix–vector product performance using these matrices on MIPS R12000, Alpha Ev67, IBM Power 3, and Itanium 2 processors. Our measurements show that for this class of sparse matrices, our strategy improves sparse matrix–vector product performance from a low of 41% on MIPS to well over a factor of 2 on Itanium.
New Way to Deliver Fluids: Endoscopic Jet Injection Into the Beagle Prostate (2003)

A new method for endoscopic application of fluids is described. Depending on the jet injection technique it could be used to apply pharmaceutical agents or plasmids, and/or induce aseptic necrosis.
NOTICE: An Architecture for the Notification of Traffic Incidents (2008)

We introduce NOTICE, a secure, privacy-aware architecture for the notification of traffic incidents. Using sensor belts embedded in the roadway, traffic-related messages and advisories are carried between belts by passing cars. NOTICE moves the responsibility for making decisions about traffic- related information dissemination to the infrastructure rather than leaving those decisions with the vehicles, which may have incomplete or incorrect knowledge. Extensive simulation showed that NOTICE can provide "up-to-the-minute" notification of road incidents.
The effect of charge exchange on ion guns and an application to inertial- electrostatic confinement devices (1982)

In 1967, R. L. Hirsch [J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4522 (1967)] reported neutron production rates of 1010 neutrons per second from an electrostatic inertial confinement device. The device consisted of six ion guns injecting deuterium or a mixture of deuterium and tritium ions into an evacuated cathode chamber at 30–150 keV. No previous theoretical model for this experiment has adequately explained the observed neutron fluxes. A new model that includes the effects of charge exchange and ionization in the ion guns is analyzed. This model predicts three main features of the observed neutron flux: Neutron output proportional to gun current, neutron production localized at the center of the evacuated chamber, and neutron production decreasing with increasing neutral background gas density. Previous analysis modelled the ion guns as being monoenergetic. In this study, the ion gun output is modelled as a mixture of ions and fast neutrals with energies ranging from zero to the maximum gun energy. Using this theoretical model, a survey of the possible operating parameters indicates that the device was probably operated at or near the most efficient combined values of voltage and background pressure. Applications of the theory to other devices are discussed.
Inclusion-Body Myositis Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

Sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM) is a myopathy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle pathology demonstrating inflammation and rimmed vacuoles. In addition, similar to the pathology observed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, the deposition of beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau proteins in muscle fibers has been reported. These shared pathologic features have prompted hypotheses suggesting a shared etiology of these two conditions. We report a case of a 73-year-old woman initially diagnosed with s-IBM who later developed Alzheimer's disease.
Drug-monoclonal antibody conjugates for cancer therapy: potentials and limitations. (1988)

The development of monoclonal antibodies against antigens associated preferentially with human tumors has reawakened interest in the use of antibodies as site-specific targeting agents for cancer therapy. There are now many reports of the construction of conjugates of drugs and toxins with antibodies which have in vitro toxic properties directed by the antibody moiety. Only recently, however, have limitations to the in vivo therapeutic application of these conjugates become appreciated. These include limited levels of antibodies accumulating in tumor deposits in patients, sometimes marked differences in the biodistribution of antibody-drug conjugates from those seen with free antibody, limited penetration of antibody and drug-antibody conjugates into tumor tissue together with heterogeneity of antigen expression within tumor, and limitation to the cytotoxicity of conjugates caused by the low drug to antibody molar ratios possible without denaturation. It is now becoming appreciated that effective development of this approach will require more than chemical conjugation of existing or even novel drugs or toxins to antibodies so that they are cytotoxic in vitro. Additional strategies will probably have to be employed, including the use of intermediate carriers to increase drug to antibody ratios in conjugates, the production of conjugates without extreme overall charge or conformation changes, techniques to increase antibody localization into tumors by, for example, regional perfusion, blood flow enhancement, or increase in antigenic expression, or the use of conjugates containing mixtures of antibodies or fragments directed against different tumor-associated antigens.
Identification of QTLs for Resistance to <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> in Soybean (2001)

Sclerotinia stem rot [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] is considered the second most important cause of yield loss in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Soybean cultivars show variability in susceptibility, but no complete resistance to the disease has been reported and little information on the genetics of resistance is available. The objective of this study was to identify putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in soybean. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from five populations were developed by crossing Williams 82, a susceptible cultivar, with five cultivars exhibiting partial resistance: Corsoy 79, Dassel, DSR173, S19‐90, and Vinton 81. The F 2 to F 5 generations were advanced by single seed descent. Parental polymorphism was tested with 507 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers from the integrated linkage map of soybean, and primers were selected for progeny screening in the five populations on the basis of polymorphism and distribution in the genome. Five hundred RILs, consisting of 100 F 5:6 lines from each population, were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate 143 by a detached leaf method in the laboratory to measure lesion area on leaves inoculated with mycelium plugs. Single degree‐of‐freedom contrasts in PROC MIXED and interval analysis were used to detect putative QTLs. Twenty‐eight putative QTLs for resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot of soybeans were identified on 15 different linkage groups in five RIL populations by single degree‐of‐freedom contrasts. Alleles involved in reduction of lesion size came from both the resistant and susceptible parents, and transgressive segregates were identified in two populations. The amount of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 4 to 10%. Seven QTLs on seven different linkage groups were identified in multiple populations with some QTL regions corresponding with mapped resistance genes and resistance gene analogs. The results suggest that several genes control resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot and that markers could facilitate an initial screen of segregating breeding populations.
A Chemically Well-Defined, Self-Assembling 3D Substrate for Long-Term Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2019)

Clinical applications of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are limited by the lack of chemically well-defined scaffolds for cell expansion, differentiation, and implantation. In this study, we systematically screened various self-assembling hexapeptides to identify the best matrix for long-term 3D PSC culture. Lysine-containing Ac-ILVAGK-NH<sub>2</sub> hydrogels maintained best the pluripotency of human embryonic and induced PSCs even after 30 passages. This peptide matrix is also compatible with the use of xeno-free and defined differentiation media. By exploiting its stimuli-responsive sol-gel transition, arrays of encapsulated PSCs can be bioprinted for large-scale cell expansion and derivation of miniaturized organoid cultures for high-throughput screening.
Lower interleukin-8 levels in airway aspirates from breastfed infants with acute bronchiolitis (2010)

Breastfeeding during the first 12 months of life confers demonstrable immunologic benefit against infective pathogens, including those of the respiratory tract. However, the mechanism by which the ingestion of human milk modifies immunologic defense against such pathogens remains elusive. Bronchiolitis, caused predominantly by respiratory syncytial virus, is the most common clinical presentation of severe upper respiratory illness requiring hospitalization in infants and remains one of the developed world's leading causes of infant mortality and morbidity over both the short and long term. The mechanism by which an early, severe case of bronchiolitis can result in the development of recurrent childhood wheeze or asthma is unclear; however, mucosal inflammation and pulmonary neutrophilia are believed to play a significant role. The aim of this study was to examine the immune response of breastfed infants hospitalized with severe bronchiolitis, compared with formula-fed controls. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected from 18 infants (aged <or=12 months), seven breastfed and 11 formula fed and assayed by enzyme immunoassays for chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1. NPA cellular component was quantified by light microscopy. Breastfed infants had lower levels of the chemokine IL-8 in their nasal airways with a concurrent decrease in cellular infiltrate (p <or= 0.04). NPA cell number correlated with lactoferrin concentration (p = 0.02) but not with myeloperoxidase, suggesting the predominance of mature, secondary granule laden neutrophils. These findings indicate a potential mechanism of protective immune regulation during bronchiolitis in the breastfed infant.
An adaptive spatial fuzzy clustering algorithm for 3-D MR image segmentation (2003)

An adaptive spatial fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is presented in this paper for the segmentation of three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance (MR) images. The input images may be corrupted by noise and intensity nonuniformity (INU) artifact. The proposed algorithm takes into account the spatial continuity constraints by using a dissimilarity index that allows spatial interactions between image voxels. The local spatial continuity constraint reduces the noise effect and the classification ambiguity. The INU artifact is formulated as a multiplicative bias field affecting the true MR imaging signal. By modeling the log bias field as a stack of smoothing B-spline surfaces, with continuity enforced across slices, the computation of the 3-D bias field reduces to that of finding the B-spline coefficients, which can be obtained using a computationally efficient two-stage algorithm. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by extensive segmentation experiments using both simulated and real MR images and by comparison with other published algorithms.
A Finite Difference Scheme for Elliptic Equations with Rough Coefficients Using a Cartesian Grid Nonconforming to Interfaces (1999)

We consider the problem of calculating a potential function in a two-dimensional inhomogeneous medium which varies locally in only one direction. We propose a staggered finite difference scheme on a regular Cartesian grid with a special cell averaging. This averaging allows for the change in conductivity to be in any direction with respect to the grid and does not require the grid to be small compared to the layering. We give a convergence result and numerical experiments which suggest that the new averaging works as well as the standard homogenization with thin conductive nonconformal sheets and exhibits better accuracy for resistive sheets.
A New Framework for the Analysis of Large Scale Multi-Rate Power Data (2014)

A new framework for the analysis of large scale, multi-rate power data is introduced. The system comprises high rate power grid data acquisition devices, software modules for big data management and large scale time series analysis. The power grid modeling and simulation modules enable to run power flow simulations. Visualization methods support data exploration for captured, simulated and analyzed energy data. A remote software control module for the proposed tools is provided.
Environmental effect on the electron emission from diamond surfaces (1998)

Electron emission from silicon field emitters with a thin coating of diamond were studied during exposure to varying pressures of Ne, He, H2, and D2. Introduction of Ne and He at pressures &gt;10−4 Torr suppressed the emission current. Conditioning of field emitters in a 10−5 Torr helium ambient improved the emissivity. After hydrogen and deuterium exposure, a continuous emission current was measured below the initial threshold voltages for electron emission. The effects of deuterium were significantly greater than for hydrogen. We believe this phenomenon is due to the formation of a surface dipole layer of hydrogen or deuterium, bonded to the surface carbon atoms, which lowers the electron affinity of the diamond surface.
Human Leukocytes Adhere to, Penetrate, and Respond to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Biofilms (2002)

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for nosocomial and community infections. It readily colonizes indwelling catheters, forming microbiotic communities termed biofilms. S. aureus bacteria in biofilms are protected from killing by antibiotics and the body's immune system. For years, one mechanism behind biofilm resistance to attack from the immune system's sentinel leukocytes has been conceptualized as a deficiency in the ability of the leukocytes to penetrate the biofilm. We demonstrate here that under conditions mimicking physiological shear, leukocytes attach, penetrate, and produce cytokines in response to maturing and fully matured S. aureus biofilm.
Efficacy evaluations of robenzidene for control of coccidiosis in chickens. (1970)

Robenzidene proved to be a potent anticoccidial agent when tested against severe coccidial infections in chickens maintained in batteries and floor pens. In laboratory experiments the drug was tested against inoculations of Eimeria acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, and E. tenella oocysts. E. praecox and E. hagani were also included in a combined infection tested in floor-pen experiments. No mortality, little (if any) depression in growth rate, and few lesions occurred in chickens medicated with robenzidene. Unmedicated controls showed 86.7% mortality in one laboratory experiment and up to 9.5% in floor-pen experiments. In tests involving lesion scoring and oocyst counts before and after withdrawal of the drug from the feed, both coccidiostatic and coccidiocidal properties were demonstrated.
A Venturi Suction Electrode Array for Clinical Body Surface Mapping (1986)

In order to extend the clinical use of body surface mapping, we developed an efficient lead system which can be used under intensive care circumstances. The array consists of flexible straps with electrodes which are sucked onto the thorax by running pressurized air through venturi ejectors. Major features are: rapid application and removal, high reliability, easy handling, and suitability for repeated use with minimal discomfort to the patient.