gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Modeling of Delays in Wide-Area Closed-Loop Control Systems (2014)

This paper aims to study the measurement and modeling methods for delays in wide-area closed-loop control systems (WACS). The delays are classified into communication delays and operational delays based on the information flow of WACS. For communication delays, an affine evaluation model is proposed based on previous studies, and this model is verified by the measured communication delays of the Guizhou Power Grid in Southwest China. For operational delays, a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) hardware-in-the-loop measurement method is developed, and the measured operational delays are obtained and analyzed. Finally, an estimation method for the closed-loop delay in actual WACS is proposed, in which the uplink and downlink communication delays are modeled as constants and the operational delay is modeled as a normal distribution. Consequently, the closed-loop delay follows a normal distribution with the calculated parameters by combining the communication delays and operational delay. The measurement results and analysis presented in this paper are important for the development and applications of WACS.
Acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols obeys monoexponential kinetics (1992)

Abstract The acid‐catalyzed hydrolyses of triacetyl‐glycerol and of tributyryl‐glycerol take place following a simple monoexponential kinetic scheme. The result can be interpreted as all three ester groups reacting with approximately the same specific rate. This observation reported in 1920 is unusual, because the intrinsic reactivities of primary and secondary esters are different, and because as far as the reaction proceeds, the remaining ester groups have neighboring hydroxyl groups, which undoubtly alter the reactivity of the reaction centers, relative to the situation in the initial reactant structure. The phenomenom can be explained by considering that local solvation effects due to neighboring hydrophylic groups remain unchanged as the transition‐state complex is formed in all three stages of the reaction. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cooling Effect by Gas Density of SF6 Gas Insulated Transformer (1982)

Natural gas circulation of SF6 gas insulated transformers and temperature rises of coils in case of natural and forced cooling are discussed theoretically in relation to gas density or filled gas pressure. The formulations of temperature rises, theoretically derived here, have been examined by experiments on transformers. The temperature rises of the gas and coils have a tendency to decrease at higher gas density. Based on these analyses, some studies of operation loads under lower gas pressure are also described in this paper.
Prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus type 16/18 infection among women with normal cytology: risk factor analysis and implications for screening and prophylaxis (2009)

Although the sample size was small, based on the observation that HR-HPV 16 and 18 contributed significantly to the overall HPV prevalence in our setting, we speculate that testing/prophylaxis for these prevalent high-risk types could perhaps make cervical cancer screening and preventive programmes cost-effective. Larger community-based studies on HPV prevalence and persistence are required to validate these findings before definitive recommendations can be made to the policy makers.
Investigation and Comparison of Work Function Variation for FinFET and UTB SOI Devices Using a Voronoi Approach (2013)

Using a novel Voronoi method that can provide a more realistic representation of metal-gate granularity, we investigate and compare the impact of work-function variation (WFV) on FinFET and ultrathin body (UTB) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices. Our study indicates that, for a given electrostatic integrity and total effective gate area, the FinFET device exhibits better immunity to WFV than its UTB SOI counterpart. We further show that, unlike other sources of random variation, the WFV cannot be suppressed by equivalent oxide thickness scaling.
Bile Acids in Neurodegenerative Disorders (2016)

Bile acids, a structurally related group of molecules derived from cholesterol, have a long history as therapeutic agents in medicine, from treatment for primarily ocular diseases in ancient Chinese medicine to modern day use as approved drugs for certain liver diseases. Despite evidence supporting a neuroprotective role in a diverse spectrum of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including several small pilot clinical trials, little is known about their molecular mechanisms or their physiological roles in the nervous system. We review the data reported for their use as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and their underlying molecular basis. While data from cellular and animal models and clinical trials support potential efficacy to treat a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, the relevant bile acids, their origin, and the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which they confer neuroprotection are not known delaying translation to the clinical setting.
A New Mobile Phone-Based Tool for Assessing Energy and Certain Food Intakes in Young Children: A Validation Study (2015)

We found that one day of recordings using TECH was not able to accurately estimate intakes of energy or certain foods in 3 year old children.
Where Law and Science Come Together - Introduction to Forensics (2008)

The idea of developing such an interdisciplinary course came to both professors independently. Professor Stone, who is also a defense lawyer, was interested in teaching a course about the implications of the field of forensics on the justice system. His aim was to explore how forensic evidence is used in the courtroom in a very non-technical manner. However, he did not have much of a biological background to supplement his legal expertise. This is where Professor Sleiter came in. As a biology professor, she had previously taught The Biology of Crime as a strictly scientific non-majors course but was eager to expand it to include some legal aspects. When she happened to come across a flyer announcing a Forensics in the Law summer school course to be taught by Professor Stone, Professor Sleiter immediately contacted him. Professor Stone was equally enthused, and the two professors planned to offer the course the following semester.
Field Study of the Partitioning Tracer Method for Detection of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in a Trichloroethene- Contaminated Aquifer (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTField Study of the Partitioning Tracer Method for Detection of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in a Trichloroethene- Contaminated AquiferNicole T. Nelson and Mark L. BrusseauView Author Information Soil, Water, and Environmental Science Department and Hydrology and Water Resources Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 9, 2859–2863Publication Date (Web):August 27, 1996Publication History Received16 February 1996Accepted6 June 1996Revised24 May 1996Published online27 August 1996Published inissue 1 August 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/es960148bCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (272 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Anions,Aquifers,Extraction,Liquids,Saturation Get e-Alerts
Tolerogenic property of MHC class I and class II molecules: lessons from a gene therapy approach (2007)

Conditions allowing the development of a stable state of hematopoietic chimerism, i.e., the coexistence of foreign and recipient hematopoietic cells in the same individual, remain the most effective means to produce immune tolerance to antigens expressed by foreign cells/grafts. However, heavy immunosuppression is required to achieve chimerism and as such has limited clinical application. MHC antigens being the primary targets of immune responses, we pioneered an innovative approach in which foreign MHC genes were first introduced in bone marrow cells of recipients of subsequent grafts expressing the same MHC antigens. This strategy produced MHC class I (MHC I) or class II (MHC II) molecular chimerism, did not require heavy conditioning, and enabled long-term transplant acceptance in rodents as well as large animals. However, recent developments have indicated, that although the outcomes of gene transfer were similar, the mechanism of tolerance induction by MHC I and MHC II gene transfer were markedly different. This review examines the tolerance mechanism arising after MHC gene transfer to infer that MHC II gene therapy is clinically more relevant since the transfer of a single gene enables broad tolerance to all graft antigens via the production of MHC II peptides for selective activation of regulatory T cells (T-regs).
Transgenetic NeuroEvolution (2012)

Transgenetic algorithms can be used for performing a stochastic search by simulating endosymbiotic interactions between a host and a population of endosymbionts as well as information exchange between the host and endosymbionts by agents. The already introduced, computationally intelligent Data Mining system "System applying High Order Computational Intelligence in Data Mining” (SHOCID) applies such for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) learning by the combination of one of its learning approaches with a host organism, serving as genetic pool, and transgenetic vectors. The application of an algorithm combining horizontal gene transfer between a host and a symbiont is a completely new ANN learning approach, which increases both learning performance and accuracy to a considerable degree. A further advantage is that the application of transgenetic vectors massively increases the chance of reaching the desired stopping criteria (like a minimum Root Mean Squared Error [RMSE]) instead of abort criteria (like the evolutionary stop after 5,000 generations without improvement although the desired have not been fulfilled), as even learning algorithms like back propagation cannot oscillate or get stuck in local minima due to the inescapable transfer of host genetic material.
Effect of antiviral substances on hepatitis A virus replication in vitro (1987)

The effect of protamine, atropine, selenocystamine, taxifolin, and catechin on the infectivity and antigenicity of the cell culture-adapted hepatitis A virus (HAV) strain CF 53 was studied. The toxicity on uninfected PLC/PRF/5 cells was examined for each antiviral compound by morphological and biochemical methods, in order to determine concentrations without cytotoxic effect. At these concentrations, protamine and taxifolin, added to infected cells for a 15-day period, caused concentration-dependent reductions in the infectivity and antigenicity of HAV. Atropine also caused a concentration-dependent reduction of HAV infectivity but did not affect the antigenicity of the virus. At the highest concentration used, 50 micrograms/ml of protamine, 59 micrograms/ml of taxifolin, and 50 micrograms/ml of atropine, the infectious viral titer reduction was 1.56, 0.77, and 0.68 log10, respectively. Selenocystamine and catechin had no effect on HAV replication.
Intramolecular Isomerization and Transformations in Carboranes and Substituted Polyhedral Molecules (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Isomerization and Transformations in Carboranes and Substituted Polyhedral MoleculesRoald Hoffmann and William N. LipscombCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 1, 231–232Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50005a066Request reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (256 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Eosinophil Peroxidase Oxidation of Thiocyanate (2001)

Although the pseudohalide thiocyanate (SCN(-)) is the preferred substrate for eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in fluids of physiologic halide composition, the product(s) of this reaction have not been directly identified, and mechanisms underlying their cytotoxic potential are poorly characterized. We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and quantitative chemical analysis to identify the principal reaction products of both the EPO/SCN(-)/H(2)O(2) system and activated eosinophils as roughly equimolar amounts of OSCN(-) (hypothiocyanite) and OCN(-) (cyanate). Red blood cells exposed to increasing concentrations of OSCN(-)/OCN(-) are first depleted of glutathione, after which glutathione S-transferase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase then ATPases undergo sulfhydryl (SH) reductant-reversible inactivation before lysing. OSCN(-)/OCN(-) inactivates red blood cell membrane ATPases 10-1000 times more potently than do HOCl, HOBr, and H(2)O(2). Exposure of glutathione S-transferase to [(14)C]OSCN(-)/OCN(-) causes SH reductant-reversible disulfide bonding and covalent isotope labeling. We propose that EPO/SCN(-)/H(2)O(2) reaction products comprise a potential SH-targeted cytotoxic system that functions in striking contrast to HOCl, the highly but relatively indiscriminantly reactive product of the neutrophil myeloperoxidase system.
Phenotypic characterization of copper-resistant mutants of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (1993)

Cultures of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b grown in the presence of very low concentrations of copper synthesize a soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) that efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of trichloroethylene and other organic pollutants. Recently, we isolated five M. trichosporium OB3b mutants that express sMMO activity when grown in the presence of elevated copper concentrations (P.A. Phelps, S. K. Agarwal, G. E. Speitel, Jr., and G. Georgiou, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3701-3708, 1992). Here we show that, in contrast to the results for the wild-type cells, the addition of copper to mutant cultures grown on methane and nitrate as the nitrogen source has no noticeable effect on the growth rate and sMMO expression. In vitro experiments indicated that the copper-resistant phenotype does not arise from an increased stability of sMMO to copper deactivation. Furthermore, the mutant cultures exhibit altered speciation of copper in the extracellular fluid and have substantially decreased levels of cell-associated copper. On the basis of these results, we propose that the mutant phenotype arises from defects in copper uptake and metabolism rather than from changes in sMMO expression or enzyme stability.
Ultrasonic Ply-by-Ply Detection of Matrix Cracks in Laminated Composites (2005)

Using an ultrasonic technique matrix cracks in each of the plies of a quasi‐isotropic composite laminate were detected even in the presence of a rather high density of cracks in all of the plies. The ultrasonic data were corroborated by comparing them with the corresponding results obtained by using the traditional methods of optical microscopy and X‐radiography, and an excellent quantitative correlation was observed between the two.
8.3: A High‐Defiection‐Sensitivity CDT with Rectangular Yoke (1998)

Abstract A new system of CDT(Color Display Tube) yoke has been developed. In this system, not only the bulb cone and the horizontal and vertical coils of DY(Deflection Yoke), but also its core are transformed from a round shape to a substantially rectangular shape at the screen side of the DY. Owing to the reduction of the deflection current and the coil inductance, the deflection power has been reduced by 23% in comparison with a conventional round DY. and also, the 2M pixels display capability with 110kHz scanning frequency has been subsequently accomplished.
Recombinant human alpha-interferon therapy for chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: second report. (1990)

Four million units per day of recombinant human alpha-interferon were administered three times weekly for 16 wk to 26 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. The efficacy of therapy was assessed by comparing it with the results in the nontreated patients, or with our previous study in which we administered 2 million units per day of interferon. The treatment was discontinued in four patients 8 wk after start of therapy because there was no improvement in serum aminotransferase levels. The remaining 22 patients completed the treatment schedule, and their aminotransferase values showed significant decreases throughout the therapy and during the follow-up period, compared with their baseline levels or the nontreated group. After 3 months of follow-up, normal aminotransferase activities were seen in eight treated patients. In four of these patients, liver histology showed a marked improvement in inflammation and parenchymal cell necrosis. Percent change from pretreatment level of serum 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity was significantly higher in the aminotransferase-normalized group than in the nonnormalized group during therapy. The present study suggested that a higher dose of alpha-interferon could control the disease activity more effectively in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Genetic Rearrangements of the Regions Adjacent to Genes Encoding Heat-Labile Enterotoxins ( <i>eltAB</i> ) of Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains (2000)

One of the most common bacterially mediated diarrheal infections is caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. ETEC-derived plasmids are responsible for the distribution of the genes encoding the main toxins, namely, the heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins. The origins and transfer modes (intra- or interplasmid) of the toxin-encoding genes have not been characterized in detail. In this study, we investigated the DNA regions located near the heat-labile enterotoxin-encoding genes (eltAB) of several clinical isolates. It was found that the eltAB region is flanked by conserved 236- and 280-bp regions, followed by highly variable DNA sequences which consist mainly of partial insertion sequence (IS) elements. Furthermore, we demonstrated that rearrangements of the eltAB region of one particular isolate, which harbors an IS91R sequence next to eltAB, could be produced by a recA-independent but IS91 sequence-dependent mechanism. Possible mechanisms of dissemination of IS element-associated enterotoxin-encoding genes are discussed.
Formation of Embryoid Bodies from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using AggreWell™ Plates (2012)

Many human embryonic stem (hES) and induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell differentiation protocols begin with the formation of three-dimensional aggregates of cells called embryoid bodies (EBs). Traditional EB formation methods result in a heterogeneous population of EB sizes and shapes, which then undergo heterogeneous differentiation efficiencies. AggreWell(TM)400 and AggreWell(TM)800 use the spin-EB method to force the aggregation of a defined number of cells, thereby controlling EB size and generating a population of uniform EBs. Moreover, the dense array of microwells on the bottom surface of AggreWell(TM)400 provide for the rapid and simple production of thousands of EBs at a time.
Oncoprotein-mediated signalling cascade stimulates c-Jun activity by phosphorylation of serines 63 and 73. (1992)

In resting cells, c-Jun is phosphorylated on five sites. Three of these sites reside next to its DNA binding domain and negatively regulate DNA binding. In response to expression of oncogenic Ha-Ras, phosphorylation of these sites decreases, while phosphorylation of two other sites within c-Jun's activation domain is greatly enhanced. Phosphorylation of these residues, serines 63 and 73, stimulates the transactivation function of c-Jun and is required for oncogenic cooperation with Ha-Ras. We now show that the same changes in c-Jun phosphorylation are elicited by a variety of transforming oncoproteins with distinct biochemical activities. These oncoproteins, v-Sis, v-Src, Ha-Ras, and Raf-1, participate in a signal transduction pathway that leads to increased phosphorylation of serines 63 and 73 on c-Jun. While oncogenic Ha-Ras is a constitutive stimulator of c-Jun activity and phosphorylation, the normal c-Ha-Ras protein is a serum-dependent modulator of c-Jun's activity. c-Jun is therefore a downstream target for a phosphorylation cascade involved in cell proliferation and transformation.
Reliability studies of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2013)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors are gaining commercial acceptance for use in high power and high frequency applications, but the degradation mechanisms that drive failure in the field are not completely understood. Since some of these mechanisms are current or field driven, reliability studies must go beyond the typical Arrhenius-accelerated life tests. In this paper, we summarize recent work on electric field or current driven degradation in devices with different gate metallization, device dimensions, electric field mitigation techniques (such as source field plates) and the effect of device fabrication processes for both dc and RF stress conditions.
The Deployment of a Smart Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (2010)

In this paper, we explore the implementation of a smart monitoring system over a wireless sensor network, with particular emphasis on the creation of a solid routing infrastructure through the Routing Protocol for Low- power and lossy networks (RPL), whose definition is currently being discussed within the IETF ROLL working group. Our framework is based on a very lightweight implementation of the REpresentational State Transfer (REST) paradigm by means of a binary web service, and on a publish/subscribe mechanism, whereby every node makes a set of resources (e.g., environmental sensors) available to interested parties. Limited to the effectiveness in creating the routing structure, we provide a performance evaluation of RPL through an experimental campaign, aimed at showing how RPLs key parameters affect the performance of routing in a smart grid scenario.