gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underpotential Deposition on Alloys (2001)

Results from underdeposition experiments on alloy surfaces offer the exciting possibility of providing information on site-specific chemical interactions between an adsorbate and one of the constituents in the alloy. Eventually, this information may be useful in developing a quantitative understanding of how site-specific chemical interactions influence such phenomena as electrocatalysis or dealloying. Herein, we report the first such set of results. We examined the underpotential deposition of copper on polycrystalline alloys. Copper is known to underpotentially deposit on elemental Au electrodes, but not on Ag electrodes. We found that the charge associated with the adsorption process decreased with increasing Ag atomic fraction in the alloy. No measurable amount of copper adsorption was detected for The peak potential of the copper stripping waves shifted toward the metal/metal ion equilibrium electrode potential with increasing Ag atomic fraction in the alloy. A percolation cluster model was used to explain the underpotential deposition of copper in the system investigated. According to the model each Ag atom blocks three adsorption sites in the Au-rich composition range. In Ag-rich alloys an adsorption site must be formed by at least three Au atoms. A theoretical dependence for the copper coverage as a function of alloy composition was derived and compared to the experimental results. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
LIX1 regulates YAP1 activity and controls the proliferation and differentiation of stomach mesenchymal progenitors (2016)

We demonstrate that expression of LIX1 must be tightly regulated to allow fine-tuning of the transcript levels and state of activation of the pro-proliferative transcriptional coactivator YAP1 to regulate proliferation rates of stomach mesenchymal progenitors and their differentiation. Our data highlight dual roles for LIX1 and YAP1 and provide new insights into the regulation of cell density-dependent proliferation, which is essential for the development and homeostasis of organs.
Lead phthalocyanine reverse saturable absorption optical limiters (1996)

Systematic studies of the nonlinear optical properties of organic materials have led to the development of promising new materials for optical limiting. Several heavy metal substituted phthalocyanines are effective materials for optical limiters in the visible and near IR. Nonlinear absorption is the principal mechanism near the limiting threshold. In fast optical systems, refractive contributions also contribute at higher energies. These refractive contributions are predominantly thermal. The spectral window over which the limiter operates can be engineered by altering both the main ring and peripheral substitution of the molecules.
A Question Answering System for the Operation of Software Applications (2008)

Reflecting the rapid growth of information technology, the configuration of software applications, such as word processors and spreadsheets, is both sophisticated and complicated. It is often difficult for users to identify the relevant functions in an online manual of a target application. In this paper, we propose a question answering system that finds functions related to a user's request. To enhance our system, we addressed two "mismatch" problems. The first problem is associated with mismatch in vocabulary, in which the same concept is represented by different words in the manual and in the user's question. The second problem is associated with mismatch in function. Although a user may have a hypothetical function for their purpose in mind, the purpose can sometimes be accomplished by other functions. To resolve these mismatch problems, we use the World Wide Web to extract related terms for software functions, so that a user's question can be matched to the relevant function with a high accuracy. We show the effectiveness of our system experimentally.
Orthopedic Complications of Overweight in Children and Adolescents (2006)

Reported fractures, musculoskeletal discomfort, impaired mobility, and lower extremity malalignment are more prevalent in overweight than nonoverweight children and adolescents. Because they affect the likelihood that children will engage in physical activity, orthopedic difficulties may be part of the cycle that perpetuates the accumulation of excess weight in children.
Phononic crystals and elastodynamics: Some relevant points (2014)

In the present paper we review briefly some of the first works on wave propagation in phononic crystals emphasizing the conditions for the creation of acoustic band-gaps and the role of resonances to the band-gap creation. We show that useful conclusions in the analysis of phononic band gap structures can be drawn by considering the mathematical similarities of the basic classical wave equation (Helmholtz equation) with Schrödinger equation and by employing basic solid state physics concepts and conclusions regarding electronic waves. In the second part of the paper we demonstrate the potential of phononic systems to be used as elastic metamaterials. This is done by demonstrating negative refraction in phononic crystals and subwavelength waveguiding in a linear chain of elastic inclusions, and by proposing a novel structure with close to pentamode behavior. Finally the potential of phononic structures to be used in liquid sensor applications is discussed and demonstrated.
Intraperitoneal adhesions—an ongoing challenge between biomedical engineering and the life sciences (2011)

Peritoneal adhesions remain a relevant clinical problem despite the currently available prophylactic barrier materials. So far, the physical separation of traumatized serosa areas using barriers represents the most important clinical strategy for adhesion prevention. However, the optimal material has not yet been found. Further optimization or pharmacological functionalization of these barriers could give an innovative input for peritoneal adhesion prevention. Therefore, a more complete understanding of pathogenesis is required. On the basis of the pathophysiology of adhesion formation the main barriers currently in clinical practice as well as new innovations are discussed in the present review. Physiologically, mesothelial cells play a decisive role in providing a frictionless gliding surface on the serosa. Adhesion formation results from a cascade of events and is regulated by a variety of cellular and humoral factors. The main clinically applied strategy for adhesion prevention is based on the use of liquid or solid adhesion barriers to separate physically any denuded tissue. Both animal and human trials have not yet been able to identify the optimal barrier to prevent adhesion formation in a sustainable way. Therefore, further developments are required for effective prevention of postoperative adhesion formation. To reach this goal the combination of structural modification and pharmacological functionalization of barrier materials should be addressed. Achieving this aim requires the interaction between basic research, materials science and clinical expertise.
A new initialization technique for generalized Lloyd iteration (1994)

The generalized Lloyd algorithm plays an important role in the design of vector quantizers (VQ) and in feature clustering for pattern recognition. In the VQ context, this algorithm provides a procedure to iteratively improve a codebook and results in a local minimum that minimizes the average distortion function. We propose an efficient method to obtain a good initial codebook that can accelerate the convergence of the generalized Lloyd algorithm and achieve a better local minimum as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Vpx Lentiviral Accessory Protein Targets SAMHD1 for Degradation in the Nucleus (2012)

Sterile alpha motif domain- and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase that restricts the replication of lentiviruses in myeloid cells by hydrolyzing the cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates to a level below that which is required for reverse transcription. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and some simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) encode the accessory protein viral protein X (Vpx) that counteracts SAMHD1. Vpx recruits SAMHD1 to a cullin4A-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4), which targets the enzyme for proteasomal degradation. Vpx and SAMHD1 both localize to the nucleus of the cell. We identified the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of SAMHD1 as a conserved KRPR sequence at amino acid residues 11 to 14. SAMHD1 lacking a functional NLS localized to the cytoplasm but retained its triphosphohydrolase and antiviral activities. However, cytoplasmic SAMHD1 was resistant to Vpx-induced degradation, and its antiviral activity was not counteracted by Vpx. Cytoplasmic SAMHD1 interacted with Vpx and retained it in the cytoplasm. The inhibition of nuclear export with leptomycin B did not impair the ability of Vpx to degrade SAMHD1. These findings suggest that SAMHD1 is targeted by Vpx for ubiquitination and degradation in the nucleus.
Translational control of human cytomegalovirus gp48 expression (1991)

Posttranscriptional controls modulate the expression of several human cytomegalovirus genes. Previous studies have shown that one cytomegalovirus gene transcript leader contains AUG codons which inhibit translation of a downstream reading frame. However, two other cytomegalovirus gene transcript leaders of similar structure do not inhibit translation. We have extended these studies to the analysis of the structural glycoprotein gp48, whose predominant transcript contains three upstream AUG codons. The 5' leader of this transcript strongly inhibits downstream translation in fibroblasts. Analyses of deletions and point mutations identify the second upstream AUG codon as an essential component of the inhibitory signal. Other leader sequences, but neither the first nor the third AUG codon, are also required. Intriguingly, the inhibitory signal appears also to depend on the amino acid coding information of the short reading frame associated with the second AUG codon. Insights derived from these studies are germane to understanding the translational regulation of other viral and cellular genes of similar structure.
Monoamine neurons in the human brain stem: anatomy, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and clinical implications (2008)

By using high-resolution, conventional, and neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we reviewed the normal anatomy of the nuclei consisting of monoamine neurons such as dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotoninergic neurons and noted the changes in these nuclei that occur in some degenerative and psychiatric disorders. Multimodal MR images can directly or indirectly help in identifying the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, and raphe nuclei that contain monoamine neurons. Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging can detect signal alterations in the substantia nigra pars compacta and/or locus ceruleus that occur in Parkinson's disease and psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. This technique seems to be promising for the noninvasive evaluation of the pathological or functional changes in the monoamine system that occur in degenerative and psychiatric disorders.
Micelles, vesicles, and liquid crystals in the monoolein-sodium taurocholate-water system: phase behavior, NMR, self-diffusion, and quasi-elastic light scattering studies (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicelles, vesicles, and liquid crystals in the monoolein-sodium taurocholate-water system: phase behavior, NMR, self-diffusion, and quasi-elastic light scattering studiesMarianne Svaerd, Peter Schurtenberger, Krister Fontell, Bengt Joensson, and Bjoern LindmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 8, 2261–2270Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100319a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100319a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Structural Changes in Escherichia coli Infected with a  X174 Type Bacteriophage (1969)

Summary The coliphage α 3, which is morphologically similar to φX174, was shown by acridine orange staining to contain single-stranded DNA. Its infective process was studied by the electron microscopy of thin sections of Escherichia coli infected at high multiplicity. The latent period was found to be about 13 min. but no obvious structural changes were visible in host cells until 10 min. after infection, when the plasma membrane began to retract from the poles. At 14 min. intracellular phage was detected and bulges appeared on the cells at their midpoint. At 21 min. many cells were in the form of spheroplasts and others were beginning to lyse. Spheroplasts formed by phage infection lysed differently from those produced by penicillin.
Mild, visible light-mediated decarboxylation of aryl carboxylic acids to access aryl radicals (2017)

Herein we present the first example of aryl radical formation <i>via</i> the visible light-mediated decarboxylation of aryl carboxylic acids using photoredox catalysis. This method constitutes a mild protocol for the decarboxylation of cheap and abundant aryl carboxylic acids and tolerates both electron-rich substrates and those lacking <i>ortho</i>-substitution. The <i>in situ</i> formation of an acyl hypobromite is proposed to prevent unproductive hydrogen atom abstraction and trapping of the intermediate aroyloxy radical, enabling mild decarboxylation.
Plasma Anticoagulant Mechanisms of Heparin, Heparan Sulfate, and Dermatan Sulfatea (1989)

The relationship between two anticoagulant actions of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), namely the catalysis of thrombin inhibition (assessed by thrombin-antithrombin-III and thrombin-heparin-cofactor-II formation) and the inhibition of prothrombin activation, was explored by comparing the effects of heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate on the two reactions in plasma. Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate were also resulfated in vitro to yield products with sulfate/carboxylate ratios similar to those of heparin. Their effects on thrombin inhibition and the activation of prothrombin were also determined. The catalytic efficiency of the five GAGs on thrombin inhibition and their inhibitory effects on prothrombin activation decreased in the following order: heparin; resulfated dermatan sulfate; resulfated heparan sulfate; heparan sulfate = dermatan sulfate. These results suggest that the catalytic efficiency of a glycosaminoglycan on thrombin inhibition translates to its inhibitory effect on prothrombin activation, since catalysis of thrombin inhibition results in the inhibition of the thrombin-dependent positive feedback reactions of coagulation which facilitate prothrombinase formation.
Computer-assisted implantation of total knee prostheses: A case-control comparative study with classical instrumentation (2001)

A navigation system should improve the quality of a total knee prosthesis implantation in comparison to that obtained with the classical, surgeon-controlled operative technique. The authors implanted 30 total knee prostheses with an infrared navigation system (Orthopilot, Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany). The quality of implantation was studied on postoperative long-leg coronal and lateral X-rays, and compared to a control group of 30 matched-paired total knee prostheses of the same type (Search prosthesis, Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) implanted with a classical, surgeon-controlled technique. An optimal mechanical femorotibial angle (177 to 183 degrees) was obtained in 25 cases in the study group and 21 cases in the control group (p > 0.05). Similar differences were seen for the coronal and sagittal orientations of both tibial and femoral components. Globally, 23 cases in the study group and 8 cases in the control group were implanted in an optimal manner for all studied criteria (p < 0.001). The navigation system used allows a significant improvement in the quality of implantation of a total knee prosthesis in comparison to that obtained with a classical, surgeon-controlled instrumentation, and long-term outcome could consequently be improved.
A Sampling Schema for Rapidly Exploring Random Trees using a Guiding Path. (2011)

In this paper, a novel sampling schema for Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT) is proposed to address the narrow passage issue. The introduced method employs a guiding path to steer the tree growth towards a given goal. The main idea of the proposed approach stands in a preference of the sampling of the configuration space C along a given guiding path instead of sampling of the whole space. While for a lowdimensional C the guiding path can be found as a geometric path in the robot workspace, such a path does not provide useful information for efficient sampling of a high-dimensional C. We propose an iterative scaling approach to find a guiding path in such high-dimensional configuration spaces. The approach starts with a scaled geometric model of the robot to a fraction of its original size for which a guiding path is found using the RRT algorithm. Then, such a path is iteratively used in the proposed RRT-Path algorithm for a larger robot up to its original size. The experimental results indicate benefit of the proposed technique in significantly higher ratio of the successfully found feasible paths in comparison to the state-of-the-art RRT algorithms.
Adaptive Image De-noising Method Based on Spatial Autocorrelation (2018)

An adaptive image de-noising method based on spatial autocorrelation is proposed to effectively remove image noise and preserve structural information. A residual image is obtained using average filtering and then subtracted from the original image. The high-pass residual image should be a combination of boundary and noise. The autocorrelation of each pixel is calculated on the residual image, and then the image is adaptively filtered based on the autocorrelation values. The results show that Lena adaptive filtering quality is significantly better than global image filtering. This method was also applied to a simulated Huffman phantom PET image for validation and the same results were obtained. The spatial autocorrelation is calculated on the high-pass residual image and then adaptive de-noising is performed. The proposed method will be further developed and applied to image de-noising and image quality improvement.
MRI monitoring of lesions created at temperature below the boiling point and of lesions created above the boiling point using high intensity focused ultrasound (2010)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was utilized to monitor lesions created at temperature below the boiling point and lesions created at temperature above the boiling point using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in freshly excised kidney, liver and brain and in vivo rabbit kidney and brain. T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) was proven as an excellent MRI sequence that can detect lesions with temperature above the boiling point in kidney. This advantage is attributed to the significant difference in signal intensity between the cavity and the thermal lesion. In liver the MRI sequence of Proton Density is recommended to detect lesions above boiling. In brain T1-W FSE was the optimum pulse sequence to detect lesions of either type. In order to monitor the temperature elevation during a HIFU exposure, T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient (FSPGR) was used. The shape of the focal temperature distribution was uniform with the absence of boiling, whereas with an exposure affected by boiling, the temperature distribution could be of irregular shape, demonstrating the drastic effects taking place during boiling. In order to confirm that boiling occurred, the temperature was estimated using the widely used method of Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF) shift.
Housing and homelessness (1995)

People need shelter from the environment in the same way as they need food, as a condition for survival. Housing is also a precondition for many other aspects of life, such as raising children. Housing is a political issue in that it reflects ideas about the way society should be organised. For example, housing can be seen as a social service, provided by the state, or as an area of life to be left to private individuals and free enterprise. Houses can be owned communally, by individuals or by various social groups. The size of buildings reflects ideas about ideal social groupings. For instance, in this society at this time most housing is designed for occupation by a man, a woman and a small number of children.
Malignant tumor of the eyelid--clinical survey during 22-year period. (1983)

A total of 52 malignant tumors of the eyelid treated at Kyushu University Hospital during the 22-year period from 1960 through 1981 were analyzed. The peak incidence in this series was in patients 70-79 years of age. There were 26 each of men and women. Squamous cell carcinoma was the lesion most frequently seen, i.e. in 25 cases (48.1%). Basal cell carcinomas were detected in 17, sebaceous adenocarcinomas in 7 malignant melanomas in 2 and malignant lymphoma in 1. In 13 cases, there were squamous cell carcinomas in the upper eyelid, 10 with basal cell carcinomas in the lower eyelid, and all with sebaceous adenocarcinomas in the upper eyelid. Follow-up information was obtained on 42 of the 52 cases. Twenty-four out of these 42 patients were living and 18 had died. There were two recurrences of squamous cell carcinomas and two of basal cell carcinomas. In two, there was a metastasis to the lung and in one the regional lymph nodes were involved. Thus, squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequently encountered malignant tumor of the eyelid seen in this series. We wish to stress the importance of examining specimens histologically, to ensure a rapid diagnosis and pertinent treatment.
Circulating miRNAs as Potential Marker for Pulmonary Hypertension (2013)

MircoRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that govern the gene expression and, play significant role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The detection of miRNAs in circulation of pulmonary hypertensive (PH) human subjects remains elusive. In the current study, we determined the pattern of miRNAs of mild-to-severe human PH subjects and, compared them with the control subjects by miRNA array. Blood was obtained using fluoroscopic and waveform guided catheterization from the distal (pulmonary artery) port of the catheter. A total 40 human subjects were included in the study and, the degree of PH was determined by mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Among several miRNAs in the array, we validated 14 miRNAs and, the data were consistent with the array profile. We identified several novel downregulated miRNAs (miR-451, miR-1246) and upregulated miRNAs (miR-23b, miR-130a and miR-191) in the circulation of PH subjects. Our study showed novel set of miRNAs which are dysregulated in PH and, are directly proportional to the degree of PH. These miRNAs may be considered as potential biomarker for early detection of PH.