gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THROMBIN-ANTITHROMBIN III COMPLEX - A NEW PARAMETER FOR DETECTION OF THROMBOTIC STATES (1987)

Recently, we have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in numan plasma (1). The test system follows the sandwich principle and uses two different antibodies directed against human thrombin and human antithrombin III, respectively. The antibodies bind selectively to the corresponding antigen moieties of TAT. The assay was calibrated with definite concentrations (2.0 to 60 μg/l) of preformed purified TAT added to TAT-poor plasma. Plots of absorbance 492 nm against TAT concentration revealed a linear correlation (r = 0.98). The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was 0.5 μg/l. Mean coefficients of variation of 4 % (intraassay) and 7.5 % (interassay) were found for TAT concentrations between 2 and 60 μg/l. A reference range from 0.85 to 3.0 μg/l was calculated from TAT concentration in plasma samples from 88 healthy donors (mean value ± SD: 1.45 ± 0.4 μg/l). In plasma samples from patients with pulmonary embolism confirmed by lung-scan (n = 17), TAT concentrations between 10 and 20 μg/l were measured. In patients with deep vein thrombosis confirmed by phlebography (n = 15), TAT were found up to 7 - 13 μg/l. Patients with septicaemia associated with a consumption coagulopathy (n = 10), and patients with acute hepatic failure (n = 5) showed markedly increased TAT values. In plasma samples from patients with various metastatic malignant diseases, TAT concentrations of 30 to 60 μg/l could be measured. From these data we conclude that measurement of TAT can be a sensitive parameter for specific detection of a latent activation of the clotting pathway.
Characterization of T1 bias from lipids in MOLLI and SASHA pulse sequences (2015)

Increased myocardial T 1 values are associated with fibrosis and edema, while decreased values in Fabry disease have been attributed to the short T 1 of infiltrative lipids The relationship between lipid concentration (LC) and best-fit T 1 values is unknown. This study aims to determine the dependence of MOLLI and SASHA T 1 values on LC.
Metalloregulation of yeast membrane steroid receptor homologs (2004)

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that can also be toxic. An intricate mechanism exists in yeast that maintains cellular zinc within an optimal range. The centerpiece of this mechanism is the Zap1p protein, a transcription factor that senses zinc deficiency and responds by up-regulating genes involved in zinc metabolism. A microarray screen for novel Zap1p target genes suggested a role in zinc homeostasis for four homologous yeast genes. The expression of two of these genes, YDR492w and YOL002c, suggested direct regulation by Zap1p, whereas the expression of YOL002c and a third homologous gene, YOL101c, was induced by high zinc. YDR492w and YOL002c are confirmed to be direct Zap1p target genes. The induction of YOL002c and YOL101c by toxic metal ion exposure is shown to be mediated by the Mga2p hypoxia sensor. Furthermore, YOL101c is induced by deletion of the Aft1p iron-responsive transcription factor. These three genes, along with a fourth yeast homolog, YLR023c, have phenotypic effects on zinc tolerance and Zap1p activity. Because of their metalloregulation, zinc-related phenotypes, and highly conserved motifs containing potential metal-binding residues, this family has been renamed the IZH gene family (Implicated in Zinc Homeostasis). Furthermore, these genes are regulated by exogenous fatty acids, suggesting a dual role in lipid metabolism. The IZH genes encode membrane proteins that belong to a ubiquitous protein family that includes hemolysin III and vertebrate membrane steroid receptors. We propose that the IZH genes affect zinc homeostasis either directly or indirectly by altering sterol metabolism.
Faceless (2012)

Social networks (SNs) enable physically distributed groups to communicate seamlessly. Unfortunately such communication can be easily mined by adversaries in attempts to breach users' privacy or suppress open discussion on sensitive topics. While anonymous posting can help protect users by hiding the link between individuals and the messages they post, existing anonymization schemes are centralized or vulnerable to well-known attacks. To offer stronger protection for free speech online, we propose a method for anonymous group communication using SNs called Faceless. Faceless leverages existing Internet-based SNs for convenience in managing groups and users' public identities, but augments these centralized services with a decentralized anonymous posting overlay offering provable anonymity guarantees, resisting even group infiltration and traffic analysis attacks.
Extracellular Amino Acid Concentrations in the Dorsal Spinal Cord of Freely Moving Rats Following Veratridine and Nociceptive Stimulation (1988)

Abstract In vivo microdialysis was used to sample extracellular concentrations of amino acids in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord of freely moving rats. Changes in the extracellular concentrations of amino acids were measured in response to infusion of veratridine (180 μ M ), a sodium channel activator, as well as during acute noxious stimulation by an injection of 5% formalin into the metatarsal region of the hindleg. Veratridine produced a tetrodotoxin (TTX)‐sensitive increase in the extracellular concentration of Glu. Concentrations of Asp, taurine, Ala, Asn, and Gly were not significantly elevated following veratridine stimulation. In‐tradermal injection of formalin produced a TTX‐sensitive increase in Asp concentration and a non‐TTX‐sensitive increase in Glu concentration. These data support the hypothesis that Glu and Asp are dorsal horn neurotransmitters involved in nociception.
Neurophysiology and Pharmacology of Female Genital Sexual Response (2002)

Vaginal sexual arousal is a vasocongestive and neuromuscular event controlled by facilitatory parasympathetic and inhibitory sympathetic inputs. Autonomic preganglionic parasympathetic and inhibitory sympathetic fibers to the vagina and clitoris originate in the spinal cord in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus at the sacral level and in the dorsal gray commissure and the intermediolateral cell column at the thoracolumbar level, respectively. Parasympathetic fibers are conveyed by the pelvic nerve, and sympathetic fibers are conveyed by the hypogastric nerve and the paravertebral sympathetic chain. The activity of these spinal nuclei is controlled by descending projections from the brain and sensory afferens (conveyed in the pudendal, hypogastric, pelvic, and vagus nerves) from the genitalia. A key but unresolved issue concerns the neurotransmitters involved in the control of genital sexual arousal. At the peripheral level, acetylcholine plays a minor role in the regulation of vaginal blood flow, however, recent data suggests that it may be involved in the control of vaginal smooth muscle contractions. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide may be responsible for the increase in vaginal blood flow during sexual arousal, whereas noradrenaline is likely inhibitory. Within the central nervous system, serotoninergic projections from the brain to the spinal cord likely inhibit the induction of genital arousal by peripheral informations (spinal reflex). Although some neurotransmitters regulating the display of sexual behavior have been identified (for example, dopamine), their involvement in the control of genital sexual arousal has not been invested. Anatomical and electrophysiological data point to a contribution of the paraventricular nucleus of he hypothalamus and the median preoptic area, respectively, as key elements in the control of genital arousal. The recent development of models allowing the assessment of vaginal sexual arousal in anesthetized female rats should assist in deciphering the neurochemical pathways controlling vaginal sexual arousal and the development of suitable pharmacological treatment for female sexual dysfunctions.
Synthesis of polyoxyethylene derivatives of diesters of sucrose with long‐chain fatty acids (1960)

Summary Since the long‐chain fatty acid sucrose diesters inevitably produced in the synthesis of monoesters are only slightly soluble in water, no important use can be found for them at the present time except as oilsoluble emulsifying agents. In order to exploit new uses we have attempted to improve their solubility in water by introducing oxyethylene radicals into the molecule. The addition reaction of ethylene oxide with the sucrose diesters was carried out in an autoclave in the presence of alkaline catalysts. With the reaction temperature maintained between 100–130° the pressure decreased as the reaction proceeded, and one to two hours were required to consume the ethylene oxide used. The addition products are yellow or orange oily materials soluble in water. Aqueous solutions showed good surface‐active properties.
Tribology challenges for head-disk interface toward 1 Tb/in/sup 2/ (2003)

Achieving 1-Tb/in/sup 2/ magnetic recording areal density requires head-media spacing (HMS) to be no greater than 6.5 nm. It begs the question whether this is a reality (or physics)-based target. This paper examines the main functions and requirements of each HMS component, overcoats on media and head, lubricant film on media, and head-disk mechanical separation, to explore the feasibility of this 6.5-nm HMS budget. From the analysis one may conclude that, although extremely challenging and involving major paradigm shifts, this target does not appear to be completely out of bounds of physical limits. One HMS budget scenario has been proposed which allocates 1 nm each for disk overcoat, head overcoat, and disk lubricant film, leaving 3.5 nm for head-disk mechanical separation. Two fundamental strategies to achieve 3.5-nm head-disk mechanical separation were also discussed.
A Nonparametric Method for Random Signal Detection in Signal-Dependent Noise : Two-Sample Case (2003)

The asymptotic performance of the two-sample locally optimum rank detector for random signals buried in signal-dependent noise and additive noise is consigered in this paper. It is shown that the locally optimum rank detector, a nonparametric detector, has reasonable asymptotic performance for a class of correlated random signals, compared with the locally optimum detector. It is noteworthy that the the two-sample locally optimum rank detector perform almost the same with the one-sample locally optimum rank detector.
Engineering control of bacterial cellulose production using a genetic toolkit and a new cellulose-producing strain (2016)

Bacterial cellulose is a strong and ultrapure form of cellulose produced naturally by several species of the Acetobacteraceae Its high strength, purity, and biocompatibility make it of great interest to materials science; however, precise control of its biosynthesis has remained a challenge for biotechnology. Here we isolate a strain of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus (K. rhaeticus iGEM) that can produce cellulose at high yields, grow in low-nitrogen conditions, and is highly resistant to toxic chemicals. We achieved external control over its bacterial cellulose production through development of a modular genetic toolkit that enables rational reprogramming of the cell. To further its use as an organism for biotechnology, we sequenced its genome and demonstrate genetic circuits that enable functionalization and patterning of heterologous gene expression within the cellulose matrix. This work lays the foundations for using genetic engineering to produce cellulose-based materials, with numerous applications in basic science, materials engineering, and biotechnology.
The anti‐interleukin‐1 in type 1 diabetes action trial—background and rationale (2009)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an inflammatory destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin-1 (IL-1), have been suggested to be effector molecules based on the observations that pro-inflammatory cytokines cause beta-cell apoptosis in vitro and aggravate diabetes in vivo, and that inhibition of the action of these cytokines reduce diabetes incidence in animal models of type 1 diabetes and islet graft destruction. This review presents the rationale for and design of a recently launched double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trial that investigates the effect of interleukin-1 antagonism on beta-cell function in subjects with T1D of recent-onset.
The origin of the ovule (1995)

Of several theories for the origin of the ovule advanced in this century and based largely on fossil evidence, the telomic concept is widely considered the most plausible. Its principal tenet is the evolution of the integument through fusion of sterile branches or telomes around a terminal megasporangium. The only point of agreement in these theories is that the entire nucellus is a megasporangium that retains a single megaspore and the endosporic female gametophyte. Their differences center on the origin of the integument. A new concept offered here on evidence from ovules of both Paleozoic and extant seed plants significantly alters the telomic theory. It proposes that the nucellus is a sporangiophore of stem origin that bears a terminal megasporangium; that at least some of the fused integumentary telomes were fertile; and that among all features cited to characterize ovules, the unique nature of the retained megaspore alone defines the seed habit. Changes in the seed plant megaspore that extended the period of nutrient absorption over the whole course of female gametophyte development, along with complex physiological changes in the nucellus, were probably achieved along a single phylogenetic line beginning in a Late Devonian population of progymnosperms. For such a combination of events to have occurred more than once is highly unlikely, and, therefore, a monophyletic origin for seed plants is proposed. Several primitive features in ovule structure, some not evidenced since the Lower Carboniferous Period, occur in a mutant form of Arabidopsis thaliana isolated from genetically transformed plants. Their recurrence provides additional support for the proposed concept of ovule origin and also suggests that the genetic mechanisms for expression of primitive features in advanced taxa could be initiated in each case by mutation of a single homeotic gene.
Oxidative Stress Markers Are Associated with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (2007)

These data suggest that oxidative stress markers may have predictive value in AF management.
Wideband cavity-backed slot subarray with gap waveguide feed-network for D-band applications (2017)

A simple and wideband subarray for D-band applications is presented in this paper. The proposed multilayer subarray consists of 2 × 2 cavity-backed slot subarray fed by a ridge gap waveguide transmission line. The simulated results show that the proposed subarray has a relative impedance bandwidth of 22.5% with input reflection coefficient better than -10 dB over the 126-158 GHz frequency band. An array antenna consisting of 8 × 8 slots is designed with the proposed subarray. The simulation results of the proposed subarray and antenna are presented.
The DNA cleavage reaction of topoisomerase II: wolf in sheep's clothing (2008)

Topoisomerase II is an essential enzyme that is required for virtually every process that requires movement of DNA within the nucleus or the opening of the double helix. This enzyme helps to regulate DNA under- and overwinding and removes knots and tangles from the genetic material. In order to carry out its critical physiological functions, topoisomerase II generates transient double-stranded breaks in DNA. Consequently, while necessary for cell survival, the enzyme also has the capacity to fragment the genome. The DNA cleavage/ligation reaction of topoisomerase II is the target for some of the most successful anticancer drugs currently in clinical use. However, this same reaction also is believed to trigger chromosomal translocations that are associated with specific types of leukemia. This article will familiarize the reader with the DNA cleavage/ligation reaction of topoisomerase II and other aspects of its catalytic cycle. In addition, it will discuss the interaction of the enzyme with anticancer drugs and the mechanisms by which these agents increase levels of topoisomerase II-generated DNA strand breaks. Finally, it will describe dietary and environmental agents that enhance DNA cleavage mediated by the enzyme.
Cocaine reward is reduced by decreased expression of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) and by a novel PTPRD antagonist (2018)

Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) is a neuronal cell-adhesion molecule/synaptic specifier that has been implicated in addiction vulnerability and stimulant reward by human genomewide association and mouse cocaine-conditioned place-preference data. However, there have been no reports of effects of reduced expression on cocaine self-administration. There have been no reports of PTPRD targeting by any small molecule. There are no data about behavioral effects of any PTPRD ligand. We now report (<i>i</i>) robust effects of heterozygous PTPRD KO on cocaine self-administration (These data substantially extend prior conditioned place-preference data and add to the rationale for PTPRD as a target for addiction therapeutics.); (<i>ii</i>) identification of 7-butoxy illudalic acid analog (7-BIA) as a small molecule that targets PTPRD and inhibits its phosphatase with some specificity; (<i>iii</i>) lack of toxicity when 7-BIA is administered to mice acutely or with repeated dosing; (<i>iv</i>) reduced cocaine-conditioned place preference when 7-BIA is administered before conditioning sessions; and (<i>v</i>) reductions in well-established cocaine self-administration when 7-BIA is administered before a session (in WT, not PTPRD heterozygous KOs). These results add to support for PTPRD as a target for medications to combat cocaine use disorders. 7-BIA provides a lead compound for addiction therapeutics.
[Cardiac and plasma catecholamine response to dynamic exercise in hyperthyroidism]. (1992)

To investigate cardiac and sympathoadrenal responses to dynamic exercise, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, serial plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations during multistage treadmill exercise were measured in 24 hyperthyroid patients (mean age; 42 +/- 16) and 24 age-sex matched control subjects. Eleven patients were re-examined in the euthyroid state after antithyroid therapy. Exercise duration was shorter in patient with hyperthyroidism. Also, the heart rates and systolic blood pressures at rest and in the early stage of exercise were significantly higher in hyperthyroidism. NE at rest (normal vs hyperthyroid: 124 +/- 10 vs 80 +/- 7 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and NE at peak exercise (475 +/- 38 vs 310 +/- 38 pg/ml, p < 0.01) were lower in hyperthyroidism. E at rest (22 +/- 2 vs 29 +/- 4 pg/ml, n.s.) did not differ, however, E during the first stage of exercise (30 +/- 3 vs 69 +/- 12 pg/ml, p < 0.01) was higher in hyperthyroidism. Re-examination for the euthyroid state revealed the decreases in the heart rates and systolic blood pressures at rest and in the early stage of exercise, and the normalization of the NE and E response. Thus, patients with hyperthyroidism was in the hyperdynamic cardiac state at rest and during dynamic exercise, which was accounted for by decreased sympathetic nervous activity and increased adrenomedullary responses. These modifications of sympathoadrenal response seemed reversible when patients were controlled by antithyroid therapy.
Anti-Tuberculosis Constituents from the Stem Bark of<i>Micromelum hirsutum</i> (2005)

Anti-TB bioassay-directed fractionation led to the isolation of six carbazole alkaloids, as well as the gamma-lactone derivative of oleic acid, from the CH (2)Cl (2) extract of the stem bark of Micromelum hirsutum. The carbazoles include the new micromeline ( 2) and five known alkaloids: lansine ( 3), 3-methylcarbazole ( 4), methyl carbazole-3-carboxylate ( 5), 3-formylcarbazole ( 6), and 3-formyl-6-methoxycarbazole ( 7). Compound 1 was identified as the lactone derivative of oleic acid, (-)- Z-9-octadecene-4-olide, for which the trivial name micromolide ( 1) is suggested. It showed potent in vitro anti-TB activity against H37R v (MIC: 1.5 microg/mL), a selectivity index (SI) of 63, and exhibited activity against the Erdman strain of M. tuberculosis in a J774 mouse macrophage model (EC (90) : 5.6 microg/mL). Thus, 1 appears worthy of further evaluation as a potential new anti-TB agent. Isolates 2, 3, 6 and 7 had anti-TB MIC values between 14.3 and 42.3 microg/mL, while compounds 4 and 5 were considered inactive (MIC > 128 microg/mL). Structure elucidation and identification were based on spectroscopic analysis, including MS, 1D/2D NMR, and a full (1)H spin system analysis of 1.
Synthesis of Functionalized Acylsilanes from Carboxylic Acid Chlorides and Silyl-Zinc Cyanocuprates (1995)

The high yielding synthesis of a variety of acylsilanes, most of them unknown and bearing reactive functionalities, has been accomplished by reaction between carboxylic acid chlorides and a novel silyl-zinc cyanocuprate acting as a silyl anion source. The advantages offered by this procedure with respect to those previously reported, based on carboxylic aced chlorides or on different starting materials, as well as with respect to the use of standard silyl cyanocuprates, are discussed herein.
Ultrastructure of the approximately 26S complex containing the approximately 20S cylinder particle (multicatalytic proteinase/proteasome). (1991)

We have isolated a large protein complex of approximately 26S from Xenopus laevis oocytes and eggs which is composed of the approximately 20S cylinder particle (multicatalytic proteinase/proteasome) and additional proteinaceous components. In its polypeptide composition and sedimentation coefficient this approximately 26S complex closely resembles the 26S ubiquitin-dependent protease, a high molecular weight multienzyme complex recently described in the literature. Specific antibodies directed against a single subunit of the approximately 20S cylinder particle retain, on affinity columns, the large approximately 26S complex, and on sucrose gradients up to approximately 50% of the approximately 20S cylinder particles present in oocyte extracts sedimented with approximately 26S, suggesting that a large proportion of the approximately 20S particles exists in the cell as a component of the approximately 26S complex. Electron microscopy reveals the approximately 26S complex to be a symmetrical elongated macromolecular assembly of at least three protein particles. The central core of the complex is formed by the approximately 20S cylinder particle to which two other large components are attached at the ends, yielding a dumbbell-shaped complex of approximately 40 nm in length. Dissociation of the approximately 26S complexes releases in addition to approximately 20S cylinder particles a novel type of a disc-shaped particle of approximately 15 nm diameter which may represent the attached components or subcomplexes of them. Based on its structural and biochemical properties we postulate that the approximately 26S complex identified here is identical to the ubiquitin-dependent protease.
Temperature behavior of a bulk InGaAsP/InP ridge waveguide structure for polarization insensitive optical amplifier operation (1994)

The polarization dependent temperature behavior of an InGaAsP/InP ridge waveguide structure designed for polarization insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier operation is investigated by means of measuring the threshold current of the diode in an external cavity configuration. In the wavelength range 1.48 μm&lt;λ&lt;1.57 μm and the temperature range 288 K&lt;T&lt;323 K, TE and TM show practically the same wavelength dependent threshold variation with temperature.