gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synaptic Repair Mechanisms Responsible for Functional Recovery in Various Cochlear Pathologies (1997)

In some cochlear pathologies, temporary hearing loss can be followed by complete or partial functional recovery. Our previous findings suggest the involvement of an excitotoxic (glutamate-related) disruption of inner hair cell (IHC)-auditory nerve synapses, followed by synaptic regeneration. It is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for this synaptic repair if new therapeutic strategies are to be developed. In guinea pig cochleas, acute synaptic excitotoxic damage (mimicking what occurs with acoustic trauma or local ischemia) is achieved by locally applying AMPA, a glutamate agonist. This results in a total disruption of all IHC-auditory dendrite synapses, together with a disappearance of cochlear potentials. Within the next 5 days, however, a recovery of both the normal pattern of IHC innervation and the physiological responses is observed. The fact that the blockage of the NMDA receptors during functional recovery delayed the regrowth of neurites and the restoration of hearing suggests that glutamate plays a neurotrophic role via activation of NMDA receptors. Experiments are in progress to investigate, among other factors, the role of other glutamate receptor subunits. A reversible in vivo antisense strategy is being developed to overcome the lack of specificity of some antagonists. First results bode well for future pharmacological therapies in cochlear pathologies where glutamatergic synapses are likely to be involved; i.e., noise trauma, ischemia-related sudden deafness, and neural presbycusis.
Functional characterization of platelet-bound factor XIa: retention of factor XIa activity on the platelet surface (1986)

Abstract Previously we have shown that both factor XI and factor XIa are bound specifically to distinct, high-affinity sites on the surface of activated platelets in the presence of high Mr kininogen. To determine the functional significance of factor XIa binding to platelets, bound factor XIa has now been compared with the unbound enzyme. Platelets incubated with thrombin, high Mr kininogen, and 125I-labeled factor XIa bound 130 to 500 molecules of factor XIa per platelet. Scatchard analysis of binding data give a dissociation constant (Kd) of 822 pmol/L +/- 140 (SEM). Rates of factor IX activation, assayed by release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble 3H-labeled activation peptide from purified [3H]-factor IX, were similar when factor XIa was bound to platelets and when it was free in solution. The platelet-bound factor XIa was isolated by centrifugation through 20% sucrose and was functionally characterized both in a factor XIa coagulation assay and in the factor IX activation peptide release assay in comparison with unbound factor XIa in the presence of treated platelets. The functional activity of platelet-bound factor XIa as a factor IX activator as well as its structural integrity were shown to be fully retained on the platelet surface. Since platelets bind factor XI and promote its proteolytic activation to factor XIa, factor XIa binding to platelets may serve to localize factor IX activation to the hemostatic plug, where factor XIa is protected from inactivation by plasma protease inhibitors and where acceleration of subsequent coagulation reactions can occur.
Tunnel spectroscopy of Majorana bound states in topological superconductor/quantum dot Josephson junctions (2014)

We theoretically investigate electronic transport through a junction where a quantum dot (QD) is tunnel coupled on both sides to semiconductor nanowires with strong spin-orbit interaction and proximity-induced superconductivity. The results are presented as stability diagrams, i.e., the differential conductance as a function of the bias voltage applied across the junction and the gate voltage used to control the electrostatic potential on the QD. A small applied magnetic field splits and modifies the resonances due to the Zeeman splitting of the QD level. Above a critical field strength, Majorana bound states (MBS) appear at the interfaces between the two superconducting nanowires and the QD, resulting in a qualitative change of the entire stability diagram, suggesting this setup as a promising platform to identify MBS. Our calculations are based on a nonequilibrium Green's function description and is exact when Coulomb interactions on the QD can be neglected. In addition, we develop a simple pictorial view of the involved transport processes, which is equivalent to a description in terms of multiple Andreev reflections, but provides an alternative way to understand the role of the QD level in enhancing transport for certain gate and bias voltages. We believe that this description will be useful in future studies of interacting QDs coupled to superconducting leads (with or without MBS), where it can be used to develop a perturbation expansion in the tunnel coupling.
New targets in and potential treatments for cholesterol gallstone disease. (2006)

Gallstone disease is very common among American Indians and Hispanics, and approximately 20 million patients are treated for this disease annually in the US. Bile acid receptor (nuclear farnesoid X receptor; FXR) knockout mice fed a lithogenic diet are more susceptible to gallstone disease than wild-type mice. The C57L mouse is also susceptible to gallstone formation when fed a lithogenic diet, and in this model, the small-molecule FXR agonist GW-4064 prevents the precipitation of cholesterol. Bile acids (eg, P-muricholic acid) and their derivatives are also being developed as FXR agonists. Fatty acid bile acid conjugates have the potential to prevent and reverse cholesterol crystallization. Furthermore, agents that increase the expression of selected hepatocyte bile acid transporters may also be useful in the treatment of gall bladder disease.
Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Carotenoid-linked Porphyrins (1990)

Abstract Carotenoid-linked porphyrin compounds were synthesized in acceptable to good yields (15–94%) by the acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrrylmethane and carotenoid-linked aryl aldehyde. Comparison of the absorption spectra with fluorescence excitation spectra indicated the efficient intramolecular singlet energy transfer from the carotenoid to the porphyrin.
Automated highway systems : platoons of vehicles viewed as a multiagent system (2005)

La conduite collaborative est un domaine lié aux systèmes de transport intelligents,\nqui utilise les communications pour guider de façon autonome des véhicules coopératifs\nsur une autoroute automatisée. Depuis les dernières années, différentes architectures\nde véhicules automatisés ont été proposées, mais la plupart d’entre elles n’ont pas, ou\npresque pas, attaqué le problème de communication inter véhicules.\nÀ l’intérieur de ce mémoire, nous nous attaquons au problème de la conduite collaborative\nen utilisant un peloton de voitures conduites par des agents logiciels plus\nou moins autonomes, interagissant dans un même environnement multi-agents: une\nautoroute automatisée. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une architecture hiérarchique\nd’agents conducteurs de voitures, se basant sur trois couches (couche de guidance,\ncouche de management et couche de contrôle du trafic). Cette architecture peut être\nutilisée pour développer un peloton centralisé, où un agent conducteur de tête coordonne\nles autres avec des règles strictes, et un peloton décentralisé, où le peloton est vu\ncomme une équipe d’agents conducteurs ayant le même niveau d’autonomie et essayant\nde maintenir le peloton stable.
Actigraphic Detection of REM Sleep Based on Respiratory Rate Estimation (2013)

Abstract— The use of wrist actigraphy in sleep research has for long been limited to the classification of sleep/wake; little progress has been made in the evaluation of the sleep stages. We propose and evaluate two novel algorithms: a method for respiratory rate estimation based on spectral analysis of actigraphic data, and a method for estimating REM sleep based on the detected respiratory rates. Using simultaneous recordings of polysomnography and actigraphy data acquired from 34 subjects, we found that our proposed method successfully estimated respiratory rate with low mean absolute error (0.52 counts/min), and REM sleep with high positive predictive value (64.5%), but low sensitivity (11.0%). While the low sensitivity hinders the immediate clinical use of our algorithms, our findings are important in indicating for the first time that actigraphs have the potential to detect REM sleep.
Ultrahigh-Gain Phototransistors Based on Graphene-MoS2 Heterostructures (2013)

Due to its high carrier mobility, broadband absorption, and fast response time, graphene is attractive for optoelectronics and photodetection applications. However, the extraction of photoelectrons in conventional metal-graphene junction devices is limited by their small junction area, where the typical photoresponsivity is lower than 0.01 AW-1. On the other hand, the atomically thin layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a two-dimensional (2d) nanomaterial with a direct and finite band gap, offering the possibility of acting as a 2d light absorber. The optoelectronic properties of the heterostructure of these two films is therefore of great interest. The growth of large-area graphene using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) has become mature nowadays. However, the growth of large-area MoS2 monolayer is still challenging. In this work, we show that a large-area and continuous MoS2 monolayer is achievable using a CVD method. Both graphene and MoS2 layers are transferable onto desired substrates, making possible immediate and large-scale optoelectronic applications. We demonstrate that a phototransistor based on the graphene/MoS2 heterostructure is able to provide a high photoresponsivity greater than 107 A/W while maintaining its ultrathin and planar structure. Our experiments show that the electron-hole pairs are produced in the MoS2 layer after light absorption and subsequently separated across the layers. Contradictory to the expectation based on the conventional built-in electric field model for metal-semiconductor contacts, photoelectrons are injected into the graphene layer rather than trapped in MoS2 due to the alignment of the graphene Fermi level with the conduction band of MoS2. The band alignment is sensitive to the presence of a perpendicular electric field arising from, for example, Coulomb impurities or an applied gate voltage, resulting in a tuneable photoresponsivity.
Evolution and outlook of TSV and 3D IC/Si integration (2010)

3D integration consists of 3D IC packaging, 3D IC integration, and 3D Si integration. They are different and in general the TSV (through-silicon via) separates 3D IC packaging from 3D IC integration and 3D Si integration since the latter two use TSV but 3D IC packaging does not. TSV (with a new concept that every chip or interposer could have two surfaces with circuits) is the heart of 3D Si integration and 3D IC integration and is the focus of this investigation. The origin of 3D Si integration and 3D IC integration is presented. Furthermore, the evolution and outlook of 3D Si integration and 3D IC integration are discussed as well as their road maps are presented. Finally, a generic, low-cost and thermal-enhanced 3D IC integration system-in-package (SiP) is proposed for high performance applications.
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors block uterine tumorigenesis in <i>HMGA1a</i> transgenic mice and human xenografts (2008)

Uterine cancer is a common cause for cancer death in women and there is no effective therapy for metastatic disease. Thus, research is urgently needed to identify new therapeutic agents. We showed previously that all female HMGA1a transgenic mice develop malignant uterine tumors, indicating that HMGA1a causes uterine cancer in vivo. We also demonstrated that HMGA1a up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during tumorigenesis in this model. Similarly, we found that HMGA1a and COX-2 are overexpressed in human leiomyosarcomas, a highly malignant uterine cancer. Although epidemiologic studies indicate that individuals who take COX inhibitors have a lower incidence of some tumors, these inhibitors have not been evaluated in uterine cancer. Here, we show that HMGA1a mice on sulindac (a COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor) have significantly smaller uterine tumors than controls. To determine if COX inhibitors are active in human uterine cancers that overexpress HMGA1a, we treated cultured cells with sulindac sulfide or celecoxib (a specific COX-2 inhibitor). Both drugs block anchorage-independent growth in high-grade human uterine cancer cells that overexpress HMGA1a (MES-SA cells). In contrast, neither inhibitor blocked transformation in cells that do not overexpress HMGA1a. Moreover, xenograft tumors from MES-SA cells were significantly inhibited in mice on sulindac. More strikingly, no tumors formed in mice on celecoxib. These preclinical studies suggest that COX inhibitors could play a role in preventing tumor onset or progression in uterine cancers with dysregulation of the HMGA1a-COX-2 pathway. Importantly, these drugs have lower toxicity than chemotherapeutic agents used to treat advanced-stage uterine cancers.
Inhibition of<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>growth and development by farnesol (2008)

The isoprenoid farnesol was previously shown to induce morphological features characteristic of apoptosis in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. This study demonstrates that under similar liquid media growth conditions, farnesol also triggers apoptosis in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. However, unlike A. nidulans, F. graminearum spores treated with farnesol exhibited altered germination patterns and most (>60%) lysed upon prolonged exposure. Given the economic importance of F. graminearum as a pathogen of small grains, this study proposes that farnesol may have potential value as an antifungal compound.
Synthesis and Properties of Butterfly-Shaped Expanded Naphthofuran Derivatives (2014)

The construction of dinaphtho[2,1-b;2',3'-d]furan-6-ol was developed via a dehydration reaction involving two molecules of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene in the presence of a strong acid. Starting from the dinaphthofuran, a variety of butterfly shaped derivatives were synthesized. The optical properties of these compounds were investigated with special attention to the dihedral angle formed by adjacent dinaphthofuran rings and/or the sizes of the fused aromatic rings.
Intraperitoneal therapy of ovarian cancer. (1998)

During the past decade, intraperitoneal chemotherapy has evolved from a theoretical concept into a rational therapeutic strategy for a select group of individuals with ovarian cancer. Patients who may potentially benefit from this approach include those with small volume intraperitoneal disease at the initiation of initial chemotherapy and individuals with microscopic and very small volume macroscopic cancer after the completion of front-line systemic treatment. Further exploration to define an ultimate role for regional antineoplastic drug delivery in the management of ovarian cancer is warranted.
The Hearing-Aid Speech Quality Index (HASQI) (2010)

Signal modifications in audio devices such as hearing aids include both nonlinear and linear processing. An index is developed for predicting the effects of noise, nonlinear distortion, and linear filtering on speech quality. The index is designed for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. It starts with a representation of the auditory periphery that incorporates aspects of impaired hearing. The cochlear model is followed by the extraction of signal features related to the quality judgments. One set of features measures the effects of noise and nonlinear distortion on speech quality, whereas second set of features measures the effects of linear filtering. The hearing-aid speech quality index (HASQI) is the product of the subindices computed for each of the two sets of features. The models are evaluated by comparing the model predictions with quality judgments made by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners for speech stimuli containing noise, nonlinear distortion, linear processing, and combinations of these signal degradations.
Connecting Image Denoising and High-Level Vision Tasks via Deep Learning (2018)

Image denoising and high-level vision tasks are usually handled independently in the conventional practice of computer vision, and their connection is fragile. In this paper, we cope with the two jointly and explore the mutual influence between them with the focus on two questions, namely (1) how image denoising can help improving high-level vision tasks, and (2) how the semantic information from high-level vision tasks can be used to guide image denoising. First for image denoising we propose a convolutional neural network in which convolutions are conducted in various spatial resolutions via downsampling and upsampling operations in order to fuse and exploit contextual information on different scales. Second we propose a deep neural network solution that cascades two modules for image denoising and various high-level tasks, respectively, and use the joint loss for updating only the denoising network via back-propagation. We experimentally show that on one hand, the proposed denoiser has the generality to overcome the performance degradation of different high-level vision tasks. On the other hand, with the guidance of high-level vision information, the denoising network produces more visually appealing results. Extensive experiments demonstrate the benefit of exploiting image semantics simultaneously for image denoising and high-level vision tasks via deep learning. The code is available online: https://github.com/Ding-Liu/DeepDenoising
Control design for the rotation of crane loads for boom cranes (2004)

This paper handles the control of flexible link robot systems. Since in the considered case a manipulator for grabbing containers is suspended on two ropes, torsional oscillation occurs changing the position of the manipulator. A control strategy, which consists of feedforward and disturbance observer based feedback control implemented on boom cranes to assure an accurate tracking of the manipulator along a reference path is shown. The system parameters like rope length, moment of inertia of the load and its mass are changed frequently during the crane operation. Therefore the controller is fully adaptive due to the varying system parameters. Measurement results show the efficiency of the presented control strategy implemented on a harbor mobile crane LIEBHERR LHM 400.
Cyclostationarity in Communications and Signal Processing (1994)

By providing a comprehensive collection of contributions on the history and current state of the art in this rapidly emerging field, this book gives a complete survey of the theory, applications, and mathematics of cyclostationarity. It brings together the latest work in the field by the foremost experts and presents it in a tutorial fashion. It presents new concepts, methods, and algorithms for performing signal processing tasks and designing and analyzing communications systems. It features both broad chapters and more narrowly focused articles that provide in-depth surveys reviewing the newest developments in specific areas. The tutorial style, coupled with the comprehensive reference lists that are provided, make this book instrumental in furthering progress in understanding and using cyclostationarity in all fields where it arises.
Three-Dimensional Buoyancy- and Shear-Induced Local Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (1998)

Three-dimensional visualization together with statistical measures are used to describe the instantaneous local structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) under various stability states using large-eddy simulation (LES) data. To explore the relative roles of buoyancy and shear in ABL structure, a wide range of −zi/L ABL states, from 0.44 to 730, is analyzed. It is known that buoyancy-induced updrafts and downdrafts are primarily responsible for the upward flux of momentum, heat, and passive scalar, and strongly influence near-ground horizontal motions. These buoyancy-induced features of the convective boundary layer (CBL) are presented here in clearly observable 3D visual images of vertical velocity and temperature, showing large turbulent cell-like structure several zi in horizontal extent. The horizontal length scales of the temperature field near the ground are found to be of the order of the horizontal velocity length scales. It is noted by comparing visual structure with spectra that the disparity in the near-ground horizontal scale between temperature and vertical velocity reflects the structure of more localized thermals within the large-scale cells. By contrast, the structure of the near-neutral atmospheric boundary layer is quite different. Recent LES studies have shown that, like the flat-plate boundary layer, the dominant energy-containing motions in a near-neutral atmospheric boundary layer are near-ground shear-induced regions of high- and low-speed flow. Several features of the low-speed streaks are examined. Most importantly, there exists an influence by zi-scale outer eddies on the structure of near-ground streaks, which, it is argued, strengthens at higher −zi/L. Warm fluid accumulates in these low-speed streaks, localizing buoyancy forces there that, at sufficiently high −zi/L, drive the warm fluid vertically within sheets aligned with the mean wind. These coherent sheetlike updrafts turn at the capping inversion to form the often-observed large-scale streamwise roll vortices. In this way, it is argued, shear-induced near-ground structure of the surface layer directly influences the global structure of the moderately convective ABL. It follows, therefore, that inadequacies in subgrid-scale parameterization near the ground can influence the structure of the entire ABL. In particular, the well-known overprediction of mean shear near the ground by standard Smagorinsky closures increases the streamwise coherence of the shear-induced low-speed streaks, thereby increasing the overall streamwise coherence of the vertical velocity field.
The Effects of the Surface Topography of Micromachined Titanium Substrata on Cell Behavior in Vitro and in Vivo (1999)

Surface properties, including topography and chemistry, are of prime importance in establishing the response of tissues to biomaterials. Microfabrication techniques have enabled the production of precisely controlled surface topographies that have been used as substrata for cells in culture and on devices implanted in vivo. This article reviews aspects of cell behavior involved in tissue response to implants with an emphasis on the effects of topography. Microfabricated grooved surfaces produce orientation and directed locomotion of epithelial cells in vitro and can inhibit epithelial downgrowth on implants. The effects depend on the groove dimensions and they are modified by epithelial cell-cell interactions. Fibroblasts similarly exhibit contact guidance on grooved surfaces, but fibroblast shape in vitro differs markedly from that found in vivo. Surface topography is important in establishing tissue organization adjacent to implants, with smooth surfaces generally being associated with fibrous tissue encapsulation. Grooved topographies appear to have promise in reducing encapsulation in the short term, but additional studies employing three-dimensional reconstruction and diverse topographies are needed to understand better the process of connective-tissue organization adjacent to implants. Microfabricated surfaces can increase the frequency of mineralized bone-like tissue nodules adjacent to subcutaneously implanted surfaces in rats. Orientation of these nodules with grooves occurs both in culture and on implants. Detailed comparisons of cell behavior on micromachined substrata in vitro and in vivo are difficult because of the number and complexity of factors, such as population density and micromotion, that can differ between these conditions.