gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a methane-utilizing bacterium from a bacterial consortium that rapidly degrades trichloroethylene and chloroform (1992)

A mixed culture of bacteria grown in a bioreactor with methane as a carbon and energy source rapidly oxidized trichloroethylene and chloroform. The most abundant organism was a crescent-shaped bacterium that bound the fluorescent oligonucleotide signature probes that specifically hybridize to serine pathway methylotrophs. The 5S rRNA from this bacterium was found to be 93.5% homologous to the Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b 5S RNA sequence. A type II methanotrophic bacterium, isolated in pure culture from the bioreactor, synthesized soluble methane monooxygenase during growth in a copper-limited medium and was also capable of rapid trichloroethylene oxidation. The bacterium contained the gene that encodes the soluble methane monooxygenase B component on an AseI restriction fragment identical in size to a restriction fragment present in AseI digests of DNA from bacteria in the mixed culture. The sequence of the 16S rRNA from the pure culture was found to be 92 and 94% homologous to the 16S rRNAs of M. trichosporium OB3b and M. sporium, respectively. Both the pure and mixed cultures oxidized naphthalene to naphthol, indicating the presence of soluble methane monooxygenase. The mixed culture also synthesized soluble methane monooxygenase, as evidenced by the presence of proteins that cross-reacted with antibodies prepared against purified soluble methane monooxygenase components from M. trichosporium OB3b on Western blots (immunoblots). It was concluded that a type II methanotrophic bacterium phylogenetically related to Methylosinus species synthesizes soluble methane monooxygenase and is responsible for trichloroethylene oxidation in the bioreactor.
Comparison of efficacy and toxicity of FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel in unresectable pancreatic cancer (2017)

Efficacy and safety of GnP compare favorably to those of FOLFIRINOX in patients with pancreatic cancer. Additional prospective trials are warranted.
A remote user authentication scheme using smart cards with forward secrecy (2003)

In 2000, Hwang and Li proposed a new remote user authentication scheme using smart cards. Chan and Chang showed that the masquerade attack is successful on this scheme. Recently Shen, Lin and Hwang pointed out a different type of attack on this scheme and presented a modified scheme to remove these defects. In this paper we present a new scheme which also overcomes these attacks. In this scheme previously generated passwords are secure even if the secret key of the system is leaked or is stolen.
New inhibitors of calpain prevent degradation of cytoskeletal and myelin proteins in spinal cord in vitro (1998)

We have determined the effects of the calpain inhibitors AK275 and AK295 upon purified m-calpain and calcium-mediated degradation of neurofilament protein (NFP) in rat spinal cord in vitro. After incubation, the soluble radioactivity and/or extent of myelin basic protein (MBP) or NFP degradation was determined. Fifty percent of caseinolytic activity was inhibited by both inhibitors at 0.6 microM concentration, while more than 90% inhibition was seen at 1.6 microM. In contrast, 37% and 64% inhibition of MBP degradation was seen with AK295 and AK275, respectively, at 10 microM concentration. The extent of NFP degradation in spinal cord was quantified from immunoblot enhanced chemiluminescence. The calcium-mediated breakdown of NFP was inhibited by both AK275 and AK295, and the inhibition was dose-dependent. A 50% inhibition of NFP degradation was seen with AK295 at 10 microM and was almost completely inhibited at 25-50 microM. AK295 was slightly more potent than AK275. These studies suggest that these potent calpain inhibitors may be used therapeutically to provide neuroprotection in vivo in experimental central nervous system trauma and ischemia.
External Spinal Orthotics (1987)

A great variety of spinal orthoses are available to neurological surgeons involved in the evaluation and management of spinal disorders. Each of the orthoses has certain advantages and disadvantages, and enough information about the biomechanical principles of spinal instability and spinal orthoses exists to make possible rational application of the appropriate orthosis. Based on this information, recommendations have been formulated for selecting the proper orthosis for the control of each spinal region, depending on the results sought through the use of an external orthosis. (Neurosurgery 20:642-649, 1987)
Knowledge representation for expert systems in chemical process control design (1988)

Recognizing the importance to combine the manufacturing system and the management system for machining operation planning, a new methodology is proposed in this paper to evaluate the economic aspect of an operation plan. To assure the quality of a machined part satisfying the required specifications, the manufacturing system acts as an alternative generator to provide meaningful and practical plans. Through costing analysis, the variable, fixed, and total costs associated with the machining operation are quantitatively determined. The management system, which functions as an evaluative mechanism, selects the optimal plan based on the defined goal. This proposed methodology has been used as a framework in designing an expert system. The system establishes the sequence of machining operation planning and search the optimal plan which integrates the considerations from both production engineers and managers, and balances their needs for a quality and productive operation.
A Review on study of Buccal Drug Delivery System (2011)

Buccal drug delivery is a promising area for continued research with the aim of systemic delivery of orally inefficient drugs as well as a feasible and attractive alternative for non-invasive delivery of potent peptide and protein drug molecules. However, the need for safe and effective buccal permeation absorption enhancers is a crucial component for a prospective future in the area of buccal drug delivery. Buccal nitroglycerin, can use for acute therapy for an animal attack as well as for chronic prophylaxis Novel liquid aerosol formulation of insulin Development of suitable delivery devices, permeation enhancement, and Buccal delivery of drugs that undergo a first-pass effect, such as cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, and peptides Research yield some successes Promote further research; more companies Rest depend on delivery technology
SCIAMACHY: Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes (1999)

SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) is a spectrometer designed to measure sunlight transmitted, reflected, and scattered by the earth’s atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength region (240–2380 nm) at moderate spectral resolution (0.2–1.5 nm, λ/Δλ ≈ 1000–10 000). SCIAMACHY will measure the earthshine radiance in limb and nadir viewing geometries and solar or lunar light transmitted through the atmosphere observed in occultation. The extraterrestrial solar irradiance and lunar radiance will be determined from observations of the sun and the moon above the atmosphere. The absorption, reflection, and scattering behavior of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface is determined from comparison of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance. Inversion of the ratio of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance yields information about the amounts and distribution of important atmospheric constituents and the spectral reflectance (or albedo) of the earth’s surface. SCIAMACHY was conceived to improve our knowledge and understanding of a variety of issues of importance for the chemistry and physics of the earth’s atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere) and potential changes resulting from either increasing anthropogenic activity or the variability of natural phenomena. Topics of relevance for SCIAMACHY are tropospheric pollution arising from industrial activity and biomass burning, troposphere–stratosphere exchange processes, stratospheric ozone chemistry focusing on the understanding of the ozone depletion in polar regions as well as in midlatitudes, and solar variability and special events such as volcanic eruptions, and related regional and global phenomena. Inversion of the SCIAMACHY measurements enables the amounts and distribution of the atmospheric constituents O3, O2, O2(1Δ), O4, BrO, OClO, ClO, SO2, H2CO, NO, NO2, NO3, CO, CO2, CH4, H2O, N2O, and aerosol, as well as knowledge about the parameters pressure p, temperature T, radiation field, cloud cover, cloud-top height, and surface spectral reflectance to be determined. A special feature of SCIAMACHY is the combined limb–nadir measurement mode. The inversion of the combination of limb and nadir measurements will enable tropospheric column amounts of O3, NO2, BrO, CO, CH4, H2O, N2O, SO2, and H2CO to be determined.
A Gradient Algorithm Locally Equivalent to the Em Algorithm (1995)

SUMMARY In many problems of maximum likelihood estimation, it is impossible to carry out either the E-step or the M-step of the EM algorithm. The present paper introduces a gradient algorithm that is closely related to the EM algorithm. This EM gradient algorithm approximately solves the M-step of the EM algorithm by one iteration of Newton's method. Since Newton's method converges quickly, the local properties of the EM gradient algorithm are almost identical with those of the EM algorithm. Any strict local maximum point of the observed likelihood locally attracts the EM and EM gradient algorithm at the same rate of convergence, and near the maximum point the EM gradient algorithm always produces an increase in the likelihood. With proper modification the EM gradient algorithm also exhibits global convergence properties that are similar to those of the EM algorithm. Our proof of global convergence applies and improves existing theory for the EM algorithm. These theoretical points are reinforced by a discussion of three realistic examples illustrating how the EM gradient algorithm can succeed where the EM algorithm is intractable.
Theoretical Stress Calculation and Experimental Results of "NCF-type Compliant-Bumped COG" (2007)

Non-conductive-film (NCF) bonding method ensures the micro-order direct bonding between the IC electrode and circuit substrate electrode. The binding force of the applied adhesive achieves electrical connections between the bumps on the IC chip and the electrodes on the substrate. The stress analysis results are used to identify the appropriate temperature range for the given NCF bonding structure. Both analytical and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using the compliant bumps to achieve a high compressive stress and low, and stable connection resistance at various environmental temperatures. In addition, the reliability test results will be discussed.
Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK Induced by Oxidative Stress Is Linked to Activation of Both Caspase-8- and -9-mediated Apoptotic Pathways in Dopaminergic Neurons (2004)

We evaluated the contribution of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the events upstream/downstream of p38 leading to dopaminergic neuronal death. We utilized MN9D cells and primary cultures of mesencephalic neurons treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. Phosphorylation of p38 preceded apoptosis and was sustained in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated MN9D cells. Co-treatment with PD169316 (an inhibitor of p38) or expression of a dominant negative p38 was neuroprotective in death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. The superoxide dismutase mimetic and the nitric oxide chelator blocked 6-hydroxydopamine-induced phosphorylation of p38, suggesting a role for superoxide anion and nitric oxide in eliciting a neurotoxic signal by activating p38. Following 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, inhibition of p38 prevented both caspase-8- and -9-mediated apoptotic pathways as well as generation of truncated Bid. Consequently, 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death was rescued by blockading activation of caspase-8 and -9. In primary cultures of mesencephalic neurons, the phosphorylation of p38 similarly appeared in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive, dopaminergic neurons after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. This neurotoxin-induced phosphorylation of p38 was inhibited in the presence of superoxide dismutase mimetic or nitric oxide chelator. Co-treatment with PD169316 deterred 6-hydroxydopamine-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons and activation of caspase-3 in these neurons. Furthermore, inhibition of caspase-8 and -9 significantly rescued 6-hydroxydopamine-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons. Taken together, our data suggest that superoxide anion and nitric oxide induced by 6-hydroxydopamine initiate the p38 signal pathway leading to activation of both mitochondrial and extramitochondrial apoptotic pathways in our culture models of Parkinson's disease.
MATERNAL COMPLICATIONS WITH PLACENTA PREVIA (2000)

The purpose of this study is to describe the maternal complications of placenta previa. A population-based retrospective cohort study including all women delivered in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada from 1988 to 1995 was performed. Patient information was obtained from the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database and maternal complications were described for all women undergoing cesarean delivery. Prognostic factors for the risk of hysterectomy in woman with placenta previa were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. During the 8-year period, 308 cases of placenta previa were identified in 93,996 deliveries (0.33%). Maternal complications included hysterectomy [relative risk (RR) = 33.26], antepartum bleeding (RR = 9.81), intrapartum (RR = 2.48), and postpartum (RR = 1.86) hemorrhages, as well as blood transfusion (RR = 10.05), septicemia (RR = 5.55), and thrombophlebitis (RR = 4.85). Risk factors for need of hysterectomy in women with placenta previa include the presence of placenta accreta and previous cesarean delivery.
<title>Automated packing systems: review of industrial implementations</title> (1993)

A rich theoretical background to the problems that occur in the automation of material handling can be found in operations research, production engineering, systems engineering and automation, more specifically machine vision, literature. This work has contributed towards the design of intelligent handling systems. This paper will review the application of these automated material handling and packing techniques to industrial problems. The discussion will also highlight the systems integration issues involved in these applications. An outline of one such industrial application, the automated placement of shape templates on to leather hides, is also discussed. The purpose of this system is to arrange shape templates on a leather hide in an efficient manner, so as to minimize the leather waste, before they are automatically cut from the hide. These pieces are used in the furniture and car manufacturing industries for the upholstery of high quality leather chairs and car seats. Currently this type of operation is semi-automated. The paper will outline the problems involved in the full automation of such a procedure.
Deeply learned face representations are sparse, selective, and robust (2014)

This paper designs a high-performance deep convolutional network (DeepID2+) for face recognition. It is learned with the identification-verification supervisory signal. By increasing the dimension of hidden representations and adding supervision to early convolutional layers, DeepID2+ achieves new state-of-the-art on LFW and YouTube Faces benchmarks. Through empirical studies, we have discovered three properties of its deep neural activations critical for the high performance: sparsity, selectiveness and robustness. (1) It is observed that neural activations are moderately sparse. Moderate sparsity maximizes the discriminative power of the deep net as well as the distance between images. It is surprising that DeepID2+ still can achieve high recognition accuracy even after the neural responses are binarized. (2) Its neurons in higher layers are highly selective to identities and identity-related attributes. We can identify different subsets of neurons which are either constantly excited or inhibited when different identities or attributes are present. Although DeepID2+ is not taught to distinguish attributes during training, it has implicitly learned such high-level concepts. (3) It is much more robust to occlusions, although occlusion patterns are not included in the training set.
New chiral β-phosphinocarboxylic acids and their application in palladium-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylations (1995)

Chiral β-phosphinocarboxylic acids, conveniently available by conjugate addition of lithium diarylphosphides to α,β-unsaturated carboxylic esters from the chiral pool, show excellent potential as ligands in asymmetric catalysis; in Pd-catalysed allylic substitutions extremely high enantiomeric excess (up to > 99% e.e.) is achieved with cyclic substrates.
Changes in Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Peptides during Standard Bicarbonate Hemodialysis (1993)

During bicarbonate hemodialysis, there is an increase in peripheral vascular resistance of nonadrenergic origin, counteracting the hypotensive effect of fluid removal during the course of the dialysis. In this study, the plasma levels of vasoactive regulatory peptides, noradrenaline and renin, were investigated in 11 patients with chronic renal failure during standard bicarbonate hemodialysis (STHD) for 270 min. As regards vasoconstrictors, an increase in gamma 2-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (gamma 2-MSH), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and plasma renin activity (PRA) occurred. However, arginine vasopressin and noradrenaline were unchanged. With respect to vasodilators, calcitonin gene-related peptide was not changed. An initial increase in beta-endorphin (beta-END) occurred, followed by a decrease during the remaining part of the treatment. Motilin decreased during the first part of the treatment but increased to the baseline level during the latter part. An increase in substance P was observed while vasoactive intestinal peptide decreased. We conclude that an increase in vasoconstricting substances (gamma 2-MSH, NPY, PRA) occurs during STHD, probably owing to the decrease in plasma volume. With the exception of beta-END, the changes in vasodilators were fairly small. The data suggest that vasoactive substances might participate in the hemodynamic response to hemodialysis.
Learning from Host-Defense Peptides: Cationic, Amphipathic Peptoids with Potent Anticancer Activity (2014)

Cationic, amphipathic host defense peptides represent a promising group of agents to be developed for anticancer applications. Poly-N-substituted glycines, or peptoids, are a class of biostable, peptidomimetic scaffold that can display a great diversity of side chains in highly tunable sequences via facile solid-phase synthesis. Herein, we present a library of anti-proliferative peptoids that mimics the cationic, amphipathic structural feature of the host defense peptides and explore the relationships between the structure, anticancer activity and selectivity of these peptoids. Several peptoids are found to be potent against a broad range of cancer cell lines at low-micromolar concentrations including cancer cells with multidrug resistance (MDR), causing cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. They can penetrate into cells, but their cytotoxicity primarily involves plasma membrane perturbations. Furthermore, peptoid 1, the most potent peptoid synthesized, significantly inhibited tumor growth in a human breast cancer xenotransplantation model without any noticeable acute adverse effects in mice. Taken together, our work provided important structural information for designing host defense peptides or their mimics for anticancer applications. Several cationic, amphipathic peptoids are very attractive for further development due to their high solubility, stability against protease degradation, their broad, potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells and their ability to overcome multidrug resistance.
Surgical treatment of heart failure in patients with primary and ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. (2003)

RADO corrects remodeling of the fibrous skeleton of the heart, changes the spherical geometry of the left ventricle, improves the hemodynamic action of the left and right ventricles, and slows down the progression of heart failure. We recommend the RADO procedure as an important associated procedure in the surgical treatment of IDCM and as a new surgical alternative for treating the early stage of PDCM immediately after the first decompensation.
Delamination prediction in composite beams with built-in piezoelectric devices using modal analysis and neural network (1996)

The effect of prescribed delamination on natural frequencies of laminated composite beam specimens is examined both experimentally and theoretically. Delamination is of particular interest because it can cause catastrophic failure of the composite structure. One consequence of delamination in a composite structure is a change in its stiffness. This change in stiffness will degrade the modal frequencies of the composite structure. Modal testing of a perfect beam and beams with different delamination size is conducted using polyvinylidene fluoride film (PVDF) sensors and piezoceramic (PZT) patch with sine sweep actuation. Modal testing of beams is also conducted using PVDF sensors and instrumented hammer excitation. The results of piezoceramic patch excitation and instrumented hammer excitation are discussed. The experimental modal frequencies are compared with the results obtained using a simplified beam theory. Also, backpropagation neural network models are developed using the results from the beam theory and used to predict delamination size. The effect of learning rate and momentum rate on neural network performance are discussed. Modal frequencies can be easily and accurately obtained with PZT patch excitation and PVDF sensing. There is good agreement between modal frequencies from modal testing and those from the simplified beam theory. The neural network models developed successfully predict delamination size.
Cost-Aware Virtual USB Drive: Providing Cost-Effective Block I/O Management Commercial Cloud Storage for Mobile Devices (2010)

This paper addresses difficulties in mapping blocks onto cloud storage and proposes a novel cost-aware log-structured block I/O management over one of the commercial cloud storage, Amazon S3. The proposed scheme is imbedded in the virtual USB drive architecture that replaces the NAND flash of the USB memory with the capacity-free network storage. The key of the proposed scheme is to perform onto the cloud storage log-structured writes with the optimal number of data blocks that adaptively changes with I/O characteristics (the number of I/O operations and storage size) and cloud storage pricing policy. The proposed scheme also efficiently manages associate metadata by using well-organized data structures and layouts both in the memory and on the cloud storage. Performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme can reduce the total I/O costs significantly up to 54%, as compared with a simple one-to-one mapping scheme.
Vehicle tracking in daytime and nighttime traffic surveillance videos (2010)

In this work, a vehicle tracking system is developed to deal with daytime and nighttime traffic surveillance videos. For daytime videos, vehicles are detected via background modeling. For nighttime videos, headlights of vehicles need to be located and paired to initialize vehicles for the tracking purpose. An algorithm based on likelihood computation is developed to pair the headlights of vehicles. In addition, we apply a specialized system state transition model of the Kalman filter to adapt to common settings of traffic surveillance cameras. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method can effectively track vehicles in both daytime and nighttime surveillance videos.