gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse repetition rate scaling from 5 to 100 GHz with a high-power semiconductor disk laser (2014)

The high-power semiconductor laser studied here is a modelocked integrated external-cavity surface emitting laser (MIXSEL), which combines the gain of vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) with the saturable absorber of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) in a single semiconductor layer stack. The MIXSEL concept allows for stable and self-starting fundamental passive modelocking in a simple straight cavity and the average power scaling is based on the semiconductor disk laser concept. Previously record-high average output power from an optically pumped MIXSEL was demonstrated, however the long pulse duration of 17 ps prevented higher pulse repetition rates and many interesting applications such as supercontinuum generation and broadband frequency comb generation. With a novel MIXSEL structure, the first femtosecond operation was then demonstrated just recently. Here we show that such a MIXSEL can also support pulse repetition rate scaling from ≈5 GHz to >100 GHz with excellent beam quality and high average output power, by mechanically changing the cavity length of the linear straight cavity and the output coupler. Up to a pulse repetition rate of 15 GHz we obtained average output power >1 W and pulse durations <4 ps. Furthermore we have been able to demonstrate the highest pulse repetition rate from any fundamentally modelocked semiconductor disk laser with 101.2 GHz at an average output power of 127 mW and a pulse duration of 570 fs.
Genuine Archaeology and Real Computer Graphics (2003)

There are many places where archaeology and computer graphics meet, but perhaps it is time we identified where they really fit together. It may also be useful to follow this up with a consideration of how, since the application of computer graphics, our understanding of the practice of archaeology has benefited and how our understanding of the past has developed.
Fast implementation for symmetric non-separable transforms based on grids (2017)

When a line graph is symmetric, the associated graph Fourier transform has a fast implementation. In this paper, we extend this idea to the 2D non-separable case, where the graph of interest is a square-shaped grid. We investigate a number of symmetry types for 2D grids. Then, for each type of symmetry we derive a block-diagonalization form of the graph Laplacian matrix, based on which fast implementations with reduced number of multiplications can be obtained. We show that for moderate block sizes, certain types of grid symmetry enable us to design non-separable block transforms that have computational complexities comparable to those of separable ones.
Angular Selective Light Filter Based on Photonic Crystals for Photovoltaic Applications (2010)

In this paper, we present a new angular selective filter design that is based on photonic bandgap engineering principles. The operation of the filter is based on the occurrence of angular-dependent photonic stopbands and passbands in a photonic crystal structure. Such a filter allows for the propagation of normally incident light while disallowing the propagation of obliquely incident light waves. When the filter is applied to a solar cell structure that consists of a diffraction grating structure on the back surface, a high-efficiency light trap can be formed. Hence, the light-trapping capacity of the new structure is dependent on the photonic band structure of the light filter rather than on refractive optical properties of the active photovoltaic material. This paper presents a model of such a structure and investigates the possibilities afforded by the new structure.
A FINGER SPLINT FOR EXTENSION OR FLEXION (1938)

This instrument is a device presented to obviate the difficulties one meets in the treatment of the "stiff finger." When the patient presents a loss of function of the metacarpophalangeal or interphalangeal joint not due to ankylosis, one tries to overcome the fixed position of flexion or extension by a constant force in the direction desired. Many devices have been utilized to accomplish this, such as a plaster cast with overhanging surface so that felt pads may be wedged in between this surface and the fingers, and elastic bands applied to the end of the finger or finger nail. All these devices are usually cumbersome and apply an inconstant and inefficient force. The device here presented is a metal splint which has a corresponding joint for each joint in the finger. In figure 1 the middle two segments A-B correspond to the two proximal segments of the finger and can
Attenuated plant viruses: preventing virus diseases and understanding the molecular mechanism (2011)

Attenuated viruses have been isolated and studied not only as a practical means of controlling virus diseases but also to gain a molecular understanding of viral virulence and cross protection. They have been isolated from crop fields and generated through high/low temperature treatment or by mutagens such as nitrous acid and ultraviolet irradiation. Some viruses have been beneficially used in fields and evaluated for one or more decades. Molecular genetic studies on attenuated viruses have revealed that amino acid substitutions are located in replicase and the movement protein in tobamovirus, protein 2b for cucumovirus, and P1 and HC-Pro for potyvirus. In most cases, with a few exceptions, symptom attenuation is positively correlated with a reduced level of RNA silencing suppression. Molecular mechanisms underlying virus attenuation and cross protection and the rationale for practical use of attenuated viruses for effective virus disease control are discussed.
Home security surveillance based on acoustic scenes analysis (2017)

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the automatic detecting abnormal and dangerous events through the analysis of audio streams. Indeed, there are kinds of events (such as scream, gaspand cry, et al.) that can be effectively detected by using audio sensors for audio scene analysis. In this paper, a novel method based on a cycle supervised learning (CSL) is proposed for acoustic scene analysis in home security monitoring. Because the abnormal audio signal is an important clue for the safety awareness, in the process of the CSL we take the input signal cyclically into the trained model and the best distinguishing features are selected in each surveillance learning. The system adapts to deal with the specific issues of security surveillance by making a joint analysis of the background scene and abnormal event. To test the proposed method in complex, realistic scenarios, we have built an available dataset of home background scene with abnormal acoustic events, which allows us to evaluate the robustness of the method with respect to five kinds of abnormal audio events occurring frequently in the older members or sick people. The experimental results have confirmed its applicability under real world conditions.
Twenty Years of Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites (2006)

Abstract Summary: More than twenty years have passed since we invented PCN, in which only a few wt.‐% of silicate is randomly and homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. When molded, these nanocomposites show superior properties compared to those of pristine polymers. The number of papers on PCN has increased rapidly in recent years, reaching over 500 in 2005 alone. Being pioneers of this new technology, we review its history relative to the following epochal events: In 1985 we invented nylon 6‐clay hybrid (NCH), the first PCN. In 1989, cars equipped with a NCH part were launched. In 1997, Gilman found revolutionary fire retardancy in NCH. In 1997, a PP‐clay nanocomposite was prepared using a compatibilizer. In 1998, a compounding method for producing PCN was completed. In 2002, Haraguchi invented a revolutionary nanocomposite hydrogel. So far, only nylon‐clay nanocomposites have been used in practice, but other PCN will become increasingly useful in the future. SEM of etched NCH film. magnified image SEM of etched NCH film.
Experimental Verification of Grasping Information Interface Concept (2006)

In human-human communications, especially in face-to-face communication, sub-verbal and non-verbal messages have more importance than messages transported by words. On the other hand, in traditional man-machine interfaces, machines only understand pre-defined operations, and never understand operators' sub-verbal and non-verbal messages. This causes some usability problems in machine operations. We have proposed elsewhere that grasping information interface concept (GIIC) is the key idea to alleviate the above-mentioned communication gap between man and machine, and this paper verifies GIIC experimentally. GIIC regards grasping-and-moving as a fundamental hand operation necessary for performing tasks using modern man-machine interfaces, and behavioral measures associated with grasping, such as force, posture, etc., should have much potential in developing task-adaptive and operator-adaptive interfaces because it is known that how people grasp devices is dependent on the purpose of these tasks. GIIC provides machines with a communication channel to understand operators' intents more through the grasping information
Shorter Notices (1989)

Shorter Notices Get access ERIC J. EVANS ERIC J. EVANS University of Lancaster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CIV, Issue CCCCX, January 1989, Pages 282-b–283, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CIV.CCCCX.282-b Published: 01 January 1989
Identification of Signal Peptide Peptidase, a Presenilin-Type Aspartic Protease (2002)

Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis of some signal peptides after they have been cleaved from a preprotein. In humans, SPP activity is required to generate signal sequence-derived human lymphocyte antigen-E epitopes that are recognized by the immune system, and to process hepatitis C virus core protein. We have identified human SPP as a polytopic membrane protein with sequence motifs characteristic of the presenilin-type aspartic proteases. SPP and potential eukaryotic homologs may represent another family of aspartic proteases that promote intramembrane proteolysis to release biologically important peptides.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Zirconium Silicates (2001)

A zirconosilicate (Na0.2K1.8ZrSi3O9·H2O) analogue of the small-pore mineral kostylevite (AV-8) has been prepared via hydrothermal synthesis. The thermal transformation of microporous zirconosilicates synthetic petarasite [AV-3, Na5Zr2Si6O18(Cl,OH)·2H2O] and synthetic umbite (AM-2, K2ZrSi3O9·H2O) has been studied by powder XRD, TGA, 29Si, and single- and triple-quantum 23Na MAS NMR. The structure of AV-8 and the structures of synthetic analogues of the dense minerals parakeldyshite (Na2ZrSi2O7) and wadeite (K2ZrSi3O9) obtained via calcination of AV-3 and AM-2, respectively, have been Rietveld refined and fully characterized by 29Si and 23Na solid-state NMR.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Biology of the Immunophilins and Their Immunosuppressive Ligands (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Limits of temporal pitch in cochlear implants (2009)

A common finding in the cochlear implant literature is that the upper limit of rate discrimination on a single channel is about 300 pps. The present study investigated rate discrimination using a procedure in which, in each block of two-interval trials, the standard could have one of the five baseline rates (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 pps) and the signal rate was a given percentage higher than the standard. Eight Med-El C40+ subjects took part. The pattern of results was different than those reported previously: six Med-El subjects performed better at medium rates (200-300 pps) compared to both lower (100 pps) and higher (400-500 pps) rates. A similar pattern of results was obtained both with the method of constant stimuli and for 5000-pps pulse trains amplitude modulated at rates between 100 and 500 Hz. Compared to an unmatched group of eight Nucleus CI24 listeners tested using a similar paradigm and stimuli, Med-El subjects performed significantly better at 300 pps and higher but slightly worse at 100 pps. These results are discussed in relation to evidence on the limits of temporal pitch at low and high rates in normal-hearing listeners.
Liquid-Ammonia and Caustic Mercerization of Cotton Fibers: Changes in Fine Structure and Mechanical Properties (1976)

Cotton fibers blended to give three levels of fiber maturity were mercerized in anhydrous liquid ammonia and in sodium hydroxide solution, slack and under tension. Both reagents produced similar changes in the cottons, but to differing degrees. Both ammonia and caustic treatments produced changes in morphology (swollen fibers, decrease in convolutions) and in fine structure of the cellulose (increased accessibility as measured by increased moisture regain, iodine sorption, accessibility to deuterium exchange, and decreased density). X-ray diffraction showed increased amorphous fraction and partial recrystallization into cellulose III and cellulose II lattice after treatment with ammonia and caustic, respectively; the x-ray orientation angle was decreased by treatments under tension. Both reagents produced increased fiber elongation-at-break with slack treatment and increased fiber tenacity with tension treatment; caustic mercerization produced a slight increase in fiber tenacity after slack treatment.
Kinematic analysis of butterfly turns of international and national swimmers (2002)

The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the different turn phases of 200 m butterfly during competition in a 50 m pool, (2) to determine if wall contact times are related to swim speed and (3) to compare the turn variables of a European Champion with other swimmers. In the first part of the study, we assessed the turns of 22 swimmers ranked in three groups according to 200 m butterfly swim performance (fast group = 121.73+/-3.03 s, intermediate group = 126.25+/-0.55 s, slow group = 129.24+/-2.30 s). Two turn times were recorded: the first before the turn (i.e. the time it takes the swimmer's head to reach the wall from 7.5 m away) and the second after the turn (i.e. the time from the wall to the point at which the swimmer's head passes 7.5 m away). The third turn was performed significantly faster by the fast group than by the slow group, both before (P< 0.01) and after (P< 0.02) the turn. In the second part of the study, objectives (2) and (3) were evaluated among 15 swimmers based on a specific protocol. Three cameras (50 Hz) simultaneously recorded the turn; these were placed above the water 10 m before the wall, 5 m before and just above the wall. Longer contact times of the feet on the wall were associated with a faster push-off speed (P < 0. 02). The European Champion achieved an improved contact time while performing a rapid pull-out speed.
REED: robust, efficient filtering and event detection in sensor networks (2005)

This paper presents a set of algorithms for efficiently evaluating join queries over static data tables in sensor networks. We describe and evaluate three algorithms that take advantage of distributed join techniques. Our algorithms are capable of running in limited amounts of RAM, can distribute the storage burden over groups of nodes, and are tolerant to dropped packets and node failures. REED is thus suitable for a wide range of event-detection applications that traditional sensor network database and data collection systems cannot be used to implement. 1.
Digitally Controlled Offline Converter with Galvanic Isolation Based on an 8-bit Microcontroller (2007)

This paper presents an offline AC/DC converter with digital control and galvanic isolation that can be implemented using cheap commercially available components. An ATMEL ATTiny26 8-bit microcontroller is used to control the converter. The microcontroller is placed on the secondary side of the converter and an analogue primary side startup controller is used on the primary side. A prototype two-switch forward converter has been designed and experimental results are included to show the feasibility and performance of the proposed design.
New broad-host-range promoter probe vectors based on the plasmid RK2 replicon (2001)

Broad-host-range plasmid RK2-based promoter probe vectors with a known nucleotide sequence were constructed. In the absence of an upstream promoter, the expression of two tested reporter genes (luc and lacZ) in Escherichia coli was virtually zero, while insertion of the Ptrc promoter resulted in strong inducer-dependent expression. The lacZ-based vectors were mobilized into Pseudomonas fluorescens ST, Pseudomonas putida KT2442, Sphingomonas spp. and Burkholderia spp. LB400, and expression analyses indicated that the properties observed in E. coli are maintained across the species barriers. In addition, the previously established knowledge of RK2 molecular biology allows easy manipulations of features such as plasmid copy number, further extending the application potential of the vectors.
Detection of seasonal oceanic steric height change using TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry (2002)

Over one year of altimeter data from the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite is analyzed to detect the seasonal steric variations in oceanic height. To accurately represent the long wavelength annual oceanographic signal using altimeter data, corrections for errors in the oceanic tidal model are applied to the data and short wavelength mesoscale features are removed. The data are then interpolated to a global grid at one degree resolution. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is used to isolate the annual sea surface height variability. The amplitudes and spatial structure of this long wavelength annual signal agree well with climatological estimates of upper layer steric height fields in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of disjoining and capillary pressure to liquid lubricant films in magnetic recording (1992)

The behavior of liquid lubricant films on the disk surfaces in magnetic recording is analyzed using the concepts of disjoining and capillary pressure. Particular examples analyzed include lubricant distributions on rough and porous disk surfaces, lubricant flow, and the meniscus force acting on the recording slider sitting on the disk surface.
DB2's use of the coupling facility for data sharing (1997)

We examine the problems encountered in extending DATABASE 2™ (DB2®) for Multiple Virtual Storage/Enterprise Systems Architecture (MVS/ESA™), also called DB2 for OS/390™, an industrial-strength relational database management system originally designed for a single-system environment, to support the multisystem shared-data architecture. The multisystem data sharing function was delivered in DB2 Version 4. DB2 data sharing requires a System® Parallel Sysplex™ environment because DB2's use of the coupling facility technology plays a central role in delivering highly efficient and scalable data sharing functions. We call this the shared-data architecture because the coupling facility is a unique feature that it employs.
Methylation profile of triple-negative breast carcinomas (2012)

Breast cancer is a group of clinically, histopathologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases, with different outcomes and responses to treatment. Triple-negative (TN) breast cancers are defined as tumors that lack the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This subgroup accounts for 15% of all types of breast cancer and its prevalence is higher among young African, African-American and Latino women. The hypermethylation of CpG islands (CpGI) is a common epigenetic alteration for suppressing gene expression in breast cancer and has been shown to be a key factor in breast carcinogenesis. In this study we analyzed the hypermethylation of 110 CpGI within 69 cancer-related genes in TN tumors. For the methylation analysis, we used the methyl-specific multiplex-ligation probe amplification assay. We found that the number of methylated CpGI is similar between TN and non-TN tumors, but the methylated genes between the groups are different. The methylation profile of TN tumors is defined by the methylation of five genes (that is, CDKN2B, CD44, MGMT, RB and p73) plus the non-methylation of 11 genes (that is, GSTP1, PMS2, MSH2, MLH1, MSH3, MSH6, DLC1, CACNA1A, CACNA1G, TWIST1 and ID4). We conclude that TN tumors have a specific methylation profile. Our findings give new information for better understanding tumor etiology and encourage future studies on potential drug targets for triple-negative breast tumors, which now lack a specific treatment.
Gel-Induced Selective Crystallization of Polymorphs (2011)

Although nanoporous materials have been explored for controlling crystallization of polymorphs in recent years, polymorphism in confined environments is still poorly understood, particularly from a kinetic perspective, and the role of the local structure of the substrate has largely been neglected. Herein, we report the use of a novel material, polymer microgels with tunable microstructure, for controlling polymorph crystallization from solution and for investigating systematically the effects of nanoconfinement and interfacial interactions on polymorphic outcomes. We show that the polymer microgels can improve polymorph selectivity significantly. The polymorphic outcomes correlate strongly with the gel-induced nucleation kinetics and are very sensitive to both the polymer microstructure and the chemical composition. Further mechanistic investigations suggest that the nucleation-templating effect and the spatial confinement imposed by the polymer network may be central to achieving polymorph selectivity. We demonstrate polymer microgels as promising materials for controlling crystal polymorphism. Moreover, our results help advance the fundamental understanding of polymorph crystallization at complex interfaces, particularly in confined environments.
Iron-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of β,β-Disubstituted Enones (2011)

The combination of Fe(OTf)(2) and novel phenanthroline ligands enables the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of acyclic β,β-disubstituted enones, which have been a heretofore inaccessible substrate class. The reaction provides highly enantioenriched α,β-epoxyketones (up to 92% ee) that can be further converted to functionalized β-ketoaldehydes with an all-carbon quaternary center.