gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Hash-based IP Traceback Using Rate-limited Probabilistic Packet Marking (2006)

Abstract — Recent surveys show that DDoS attack is still one of the major threats to the Internet security. Many techniques have been proposed to trace the origin of attacking packets, known as IP traceback problem, using either hash-based packet logging or probabilistic packet marking. However, both approaches have scalability problems under the heavy DDoS attacks in terms of the space and computational overheads. In this paper, we propose a novel scalable IP Traceback scheme by utilizing the advantage of both packet logging and marking to balance the overheads at routers and at the victim, hence scalable for both sides. The baseline idea of our approach is to sample a very small percentage (e.g., 1%) of packets at the routers, and save the digests of only sampled packets. At the same time, the routers mark their signature using very simple marking scheme into the marking field of sampled IP packets to send out the “information of logging ” to the victim in probabilistic way to help the traceback procedure. We also propose a heuristic technique to improve the performance of the marking scheme. In the result, the number of attacking packets the victim should collect for the traceback procedure to achieve high level of traceback accuracy is much less than the numbers in previous PPM schemes, and also the computational and storage overhead in routers are much less than previous packet logging approach.
Transcription factor BACH2 is transcriptionally regulated by the <i>BCR/ABL</i> oncogene (2001)

Expression of BCR/ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, is a primary event in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL). Inhibition of the BCR/ABL kinase activity in the BV173 CML cell line with STI571 resulted in a significant overexpression of a 10-kb novel mRNA, found to be the human ortholog of the murine Bach2, a B-cell-specific transcription factor. The human BACH2 cDNA is >9,120 bp long and includes an open reading frame of 2,526 bp encoding a protein with a basic leucine zipper (bZip) and a BTB/POZ domain, mediating DNA-binding and heterodimerization. BACH2 was consistently upregulated (2-10-fold) in all 10 Ph+ lymphoid lines tested following BCR/ABL inhibition. In CML myeloid cell lines (n = 8) and BCR/ABL-negative lines (n = 6), BACH2 was either undetectable by Northern blotting or did not change in response to STI571, suggesting that BACH2 repression by BCR/ABL may be specifically relevant to lymphoid transformation. Quantitative RT/PCR revealed a significantly lower level of BACH2 expression in leukocytes from patients with CML (n = 24) as compared to normal individuals (n = 23) (P < 0.0005). Moreover, CD34+ cells treated in vitro with STI571 exhibited a consistent upregulation of BACH2 in 8 of 10 CMLs but in none of the 9 normal individuals tested. Transcription regulation of BACH2 in BCR/ABL-positive cells was exerted via the MEK pathways, as shown by their responses to the U0126-specific inhibitor. Radiation hybrid mapping and FISH revealed that BACH2 is located on chromosome 6, band q15, a region frequently associated with deletions in ALL and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, suggesting its possible role as a tumor suppressor gene. However, no rearrangement or loss of signal was observed by Southern blotting in 34 lymphomas, 10 B-cell ALLs, or seven reactive lymph nodes. The pattern of BACH2 expression in BCR/ABL-positive cells suggests that transcriptional repression by this regulator is impaired in CML and may contribute to the emergence of lymphoid blast crisis.
Effect of Electrolyte Concentration and Nature on the Morphology and the Electrical Properties of Electropolymerized Polypyrrole Nanotubules (1999)

Polypyrrole (PPy) with four different counterions was electrochemically synthesized in homemade polycarbonate particle track-etched membranes with different pore sizes. A dependence of the PPy growing rate on the pore size and on the electrolyte nature and concentration has been observed. The morphology of the different template-synthesized nanostructures has been carefully analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. In all cases, nanotubules were observed. However, their thickness depends on the pore diameter of the template membrane and on the nature of the supporting electrolyte. The electrical conductivity of PPy in such a structure is known to increase compared to the bulk conductivity, which is also shown here. In addition Raman spectroscopy showed that the relative conjugation length increases with decreasing pore size.
Experiments with a mobile robot operating in a cluttered unknown environment (2003)

A mobile robot has been constructed, and a motion planning methodology for operating in an environment with unknown arbitrary obstacles has been implemented and tested in a complex cluttered environment. The authors address the following implementation issues: the robot's ability to cope with limited information available from typical sensors while operating in a cluttered environment with unknown obstacles; handling the registration problem, to assess the robot's current location; performing necessary data processing and planning fast enough to assure acceptable motion speeds; handling situations which require the robot to make loops, retreat, and visit some areas of its path more than once. The results indicated feasibility of practical systems capable of operating in a complex uncertain environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complex Interactions between SP1 Bound to Multiple Distal Regulatory Sites and HNF-4 Bound to the Proximal Promoter Lead to Transcriptional Activation of Liver-Specific Human APOCIII Gene (1995)

Footprinting analysis of the human apoCIII promoter identified a set of four proximal (A-D) and six distal (E-J) regulatory elements between nucleotides -792 and -25 [Ogami, K., et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 9808-9815]. The distal regulatory elements of the apoCIII gene increase by 10-fold the strength of the homologous as well as of heterologous proximal promoters. Required for such transcriptional enhancement is the presence of an intact hormone response element (HRE) on the proximal promoter which binds a variety of nuclear hormone receptors. To understand the mechanism of this transcriptional activation, we identified the nature and the importance of the factors which bind to the upstream regulatory elements of the apoCIII promoter by DNA binding, competition, supershift, and transient transfection assays. These analyses showed that the upstream apoCIII promoter contains multiple binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factor SP1, which recognizes the regulatory elements F, H, and I. The regulatory element G represents a specialized HRE which is recognized by the orphan receptors ARP-1 and EAR-3 but not by HNF-4. A single activity designated CIII J1 binds to the regulatory element J. The same or a similar activity binds as a minor component to the regulatory elements F and I where SP1 is the predominant binding activity. Finally, a minor activity designated CIII 15 binds to the regulatory element I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DNA methylation and gene expression (1991)

A large body of evidence demonstrates that DNA methylation plays a role in gene regulation in animal cells. Not only is there a correlation between gene transcription and undermethylation, but also transfection experiments clearly show that the presence of methyl moieties inhibits gene expression in vivo. Furthermore, gene activation can be induced by treatment of cells with 5-azacytidine, a potent demethylating agent. Methylation appears to influence gene expression by affecting the interactions with DNA of both chromatin proteins and specific transcription factors. Although methylation patterns are very stable in somatic cells, the early embryo is characterized by large alterations in DNA modification. New methodologies are now becoming available for studying methylation at this stage and in the germ line. During development, tissue-specific genes undergo demethylation in their tissue of expression. In tissue culture cells this process is highly specific and appears to involve an active mechanism which takes place in the absence of DNA replication. The X chromosome undergoes inactivation during development; this is accompanied by de novo methylation, which appears necessary to stably maintain its silent state. As opposed to the programmed changes in DNA methylation which occur in vivo, immortalized tissue culture cells demonstrate alterations in DNA modification which take place over a long time scale and which appear to be the result of selective pressures present during the growth of these cells in culture.
Electrical Properties of Egg Cell Membranes (1979)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
<i>NLRP3</i> mutation and cochlear autoinflammation cause syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss DFNA34 responsive to anakinra therapy (2017)

The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular innate immune sensor that is expressed in immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to IL-1β secretion. Gain-of-function mutations of <i>NLRP3</i> result in abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and cause the autosomal dominant systemic autoinflammatory disease spectrum, termed cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Here, we show that a missense mutation, p.Arg918Gln (c.2753G > A), of <i>NLRP3</i> causes autosomal-dominant sensorineural hearing loss in two unrelated families. In family LMG446, hearing loss is accompanied by autoinflammatory signs and symptoms without serologic evidence of inflammation as part of an atypical CAPS phenotype and was reversed or improved by IL-1β blockade therapy. In family LMG113, hearing loss segregates without any other target-organ manifestations of CAPS. This observation led us to explore the possibility that resident macrophage/monocyte-like cells in the cochlea can mediate local autoinflammation via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome can indeed be activated in resident macrophage/monocyte-like cells in the mouse cochlea, resulting in secretion of IL-1β. This pathway could underlie treatable sensorineural hearing loss in DFNA34, CAPS, and possibly in a wide variety of hearing-loss disorders, such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Meniere's disease that are elicited by pathogens and processes that stimulate innate immune responses within the cochlea.
Stereoselective<i>in vivo</i>and<i>in vitro</i>studies on the metabolism of doxepin and<i>N</i>-desmethyldoxepin (1997)

1. Doxepin is marketed as an irrational mixture of geometric isomers such that the more active Z-isomer comprises only 15% of the total doxepin whereas the less active E-isomer makes up the remaining 85%. 2. The ratio of isomers of the doxepin remains approximately Z:E = 15:85 in the plasma of depressed patients whereas plasma levels of the active Z-N-desmethyl metabolite are similar to those of E-N-desmethyldoxepin. 3. After examination of four animal species (dog, rabbit, guinea pig, rat), rat was closest to human in terms of the Z:E ratio of the geometric isomers of N-desmethyldoxepin excreted in the 0-24-h urine. 4. Changes in the urinary Z:E ratio of the metabolite were observed after oral but not after intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of commercial doxepin to rat. 5. There was no evidence of Z/E interconversion after administration of the pure isomers to rat in vivo, or after incubation of rat or human liver homogenates with pure isomers. 6. In vitro data suggested that the distortion of the Z:E ratio of N-desmethyldoxepin was a consequence of faster metabolism of the E-isomer in comparison with Z-N-desmethyldoxepin rather than 'enrichment' of the Z-isomer at the expense of the E-isomer.
The serum‐free growth of cultured cells in bovine colostrum and in milk obtained later in the lactation period (1981)

Seven established cell lines, including both epithelial cells and fibroblasts (MDCK, Vero, CV-1, NRK, 3T3, F2408, and NIL8) and four early passage cell strains (bovine articular chondrocytes, bovine smooth muscle cells, human foreskin fibroblasts, and rat embryo cells) were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with milk obtained 1 day after birth (colostrum) or 80 days after birth (older milk). MDCK, Vero, CV-1, NRK, and 3T3 grew readily in colostrum and attained saturation densities ranging from 22% to 63% of that in serum. There was no growth of F2408, NIL8, or the early passage strains in bovine colostrum. None of the 11 cell cultures grew in older milk. The temporal dependence of growth in milk was examined in detail using MDCK cells. Growth equivalent to that in serum occurred in 3% colostrum and in 15% milk obtained 2 days after birth. Milk obtained 3 days and 10 days after birth was not effective as a growth supplement for MDCK cells at any concentration. Those cells, unable to grow in colostrum or in older milk, could be induced to grow if culture dishes were precoated with fibronectin. In addition to fibronectin, it was necessary in some cultures to supplement colostrum or older milk with insulin and/or transferrin in order to achieve growth. In the presence of fibronectin and appropriate factors, the final saturation density attained in colostrum or older milk ranged from 25% to 100% of that in serum. The fibronectin contents of bovine colostrum and milk were determined. The fibronectin level of colostrum was found to be approximately 5% of bovine serum. There was no detectable fibronectin in the 80-day-old milk.
Parity Check Error Event Post-Processor for Optical Data Storage (2003)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Liu, H. Song, and B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar, "Parity Check Error Event Post-Processor for Optical Data Storage," in Optical Data Storage, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper TuB4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Vulnerabilities in similarity search based systems (2002)

Similarity based queries are common in several modern database applications, such as multimedia, scientific, and biomedical databases. In most of these systems, database responds with the tuple with the closest match according to some metric. In this paper we investigate some important security issues related to similarity search in databases. We investigate the vulnerability of such systems against users who try to copy the database by sending automated queries. We analyze two models for similarity search, namely reply model and score model. Reply model responds with the tuple with best match and score model responds with only the score of similarity search. For these models we analyze possible ways of attacks and strategies that can be used to detect attacks. Our analysis shows that in score model it is much easier to plug the vulnerabilities than in reply model. Sophisticated attacks can easily be used in reply model and the database is limited in capability to prevent such attacks.
A study of two new adaptive predictors for lossless image compression (2002)

Presented in this paper are two new adaptive prediction techniques for lossless, DPCM based, image compression. The first prediction scheme is derived from weighted median filter theory and extends on the median adaptive prediction (MAP) technique first presented by Martucci (1990). The second prediction technique is context modelling based and determines the optimum prediction by establishing the dominance of a particular predictor for each image context. The paper draws a direct comparison between MAP and the two new methods, and also between median predictor selection and context based predictor selection.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR hypersignaling in autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease engendered by the epistatic interplay of Sle1b and FASlpr (2007)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the NZM2410/NZW 'z' allele of Sle1 on telomeric murine chromosome 1 led to lymphoproliferative autoimmunity, when acting in concert with the FAS(lpr) defect on the C57BL/6 background. The present report shows that the Sle1b sub-locus, harboring the NZM2410/NZW 'z' allele of SLAM, in epistasis with FAS(lpr), may be sufficient to induce lymphoproliferative autoimmunity. Disease in this simplified genetic model is accompanied by significant activation of the AKT signaling axis in both B- and T cells, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, 4EBP-1 and p70S6K, resulting from increased PI3K and reduced PTEN activity. In addition, blocking this axis using RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor, ameliorated lymphoproliferation and modulated serum IgG anti-nuclear auto-antibodies. Finally, mTOR inhibition also dampened signaling via parallel axes, including the MAPK and NFkB pathways. Hence, hypersignaling via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis appears to be an important mechanism underlying autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease, presenting itself as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Modeling GaN: Powerful but Challenging (2010)

As GaN technology has developed, first in research laboratories and more recently in multiple commercial device manufacturers, the demand for improved nonlinear models has grown alongside the device process improvements. The need for improved models for GaN is twofold: first, GaN devices have unique nuances in behavior to be addressed; second, there is a desire for improved accuracy to take full advantage of the performance wins to be gained by GaN HEMT performance in the areas of high efficiency and high-power operation.
Designing ligands to bind proteins (2005)

The ability to design drugs (so-called 'rational drug design') has been one of the long-term objectives of chemistry for 50 years. It is an exceptionally difficult problem, and many of its parts lie outside the expertise of chemistry. The much more limited problem - how to design tight-binding ligands (rational ligand design) - would seem to be one that chemistry could solve, but has also proved remarkably recalcitrant. The question is 'Why is it so difficult?' and the answer is 'We still don't entirely know'. This perspective discusses some of the technical issues - potential functions, protein plasticity, enthalpy/entropy compensation, and others - that contribute, and suggests areas where fundamental understanding of protein-ligand interactions falls short of what is needed. It surveys recent technological developments (in particular, isothermal titration calorimetry) that will, hopefully, make now the time for serious progress in this area. It concludes with the calorimetric examination of the association of a series of systematically varied ligands with a model protein. The counterintuitive thermodynamic results observed serve to illustrate that, even in relatively simple systems, understanding protein-ligand association is challenging.
Reconfiguration strategies for VLSI processor arrays and trees using a modified Diogenes approach (1992)

The authors deal with reconfiguration of a rectangular array of processors arranged as an N*N mesh, and a complete binary tree of N processors. They present new reconfiguration techniques that are modifications of the Diogenes approach proposed earlier by A.L. Rosenberg et al. (1983). These techniques reduce the overheads incurred in the earlier Diogenes schemes. Some of the previous approaches to the problem are summarized. Two schemes are presented for reconfiguring rectangular arrays and a scheme for reconfiguring trees. For the analysis of the different schemes presented, it is assumed that a processor has a square layout. These schemes are analyzed and their performance results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluorous Swern Reaction (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFluorous Swern ReactionDavid Crich and Santhosh NeelamkavilView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 30, 7449–7450Publication Date (Web):July 3, 2001Publication History Received20 April 2001Revised31 May 2001Published online3 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016057ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016057irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1629Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Oxidation,Oxides,Reagents,Sulfides Get e-Alerts
Investigation of Hot Cracking Phenomena in Light-Weight Armor Steel Based on the FeMnAl-C Alloy System (2018)

<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>The US Army TARDEC has been researching an alternative to current armor steel that is both tough, and light-weight. The studied alloy is based on the Fe-Mn-Al-C system. This study was conducted to investigate and quantify this alloy’s susceptibility to hot cracking phenomena related to casting and welding. Very little research has been done on general weldability of this alloy system, so the results of these tests will be compared to other high Mn steels, and alloys that have undergone cast pin tear testing. Testing will be conducted utilizing button melting tests, autogenous spot welds, and cast pin tear testing. The cast pin tear testing was conducted to measure this alloys susceptibility to weld solidification cracking. The spot welds were used to quantify the susceptibility of the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) to liquation cracking, as well as to observe the solidification structure of the fusion zone. The testing results showed that the FeMnAl system in its current form has a susceptibility to both solidification cracking and to HAZ liquation cracking.</p>