gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human glioma-associated antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies. (1981)

Hybridoma cells were derived from a fusion between mouse P3x63/Ag8 myeloma cells and spleen cells from a mouse immunized with whole cells of a human malignant glioma line. Of 345 hybrids obtained, 36 secreted antibodies that reacted with the glioma cell line used for immunization as assayed by an indirect antibody-binding radioimmunoassay. After a first screening for the absence of reactivity on two nongliogenous cell lines, 3 hybrids were selected and cloned by limiting dilution. The specificity of these monoclonal antibodies was then investigated on a panel of 18 cell lines derived from human malignant gliomas, 18 cell lines from nongliogenous neoplasms, as well as normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, normal skin fibroblasts, and normal spermatozoa. The monoclonal antibodies from two positive hybrids, BF7 and GE2, reacted exclusively with glioma cells and appeared to be directed against common malignant glioma antigen(s). BF7 antibodies bound to 13 and GE2 to 17 of 18 glioma cell lines. The third monoclonal antibody, CG12, showed a broad reactivity since it bound to 10 of 18 glioma lines, five of five melanoma lines, and one of one neuroblastoma line. Absorption with normal adult and fetal brain homogenate did not modify the binding capacity of BF7 and GE2 for glioma cells, while the binding of CG12 antibodies was abolished. Reciprocal binding inhibition tests using [3H]leucine-labeled antibodies showed that BF7, GE2, and CG12 antibodies were directed against different antigenic determinants.
Pragmatic design of gated-diode FinFET DRAMs (2009)

Scaling bulk CMOS SRAM technology for on-chip caches beyond the 22 nm node is questionable, on account of high leakage power consumption, performance degradation, and instability due to process variations. Recently, two/three transistor one gated-diode (2T/3T1D) DRAMs were proposed as alternatives to address the SRAM variability problem, with an emphasis on high-activity embedded cache applications. They are highly competitive with an SRAM in terms of performance, while having a smaller power and area footprint at lower technology nodes. The current evolutionary trend in transistor structures is toward an era of multi-gate devices, which makes it necessary to identify design issues and advantages of gated-diode DRAMs implemented in a multi-gate technology. In this work, we address gated-diode DRAM design in FinFET technology using mixed-mode 2D-device simulations. We revisit the model of internal voltage gain in bulk gated-diodes and extend it to provide quantitative insight into designing Fin gated-diodes, i.e., gated-diodes in FinFET technology. To this effect, we propose FinFET variants of the bulk gated-diode configuration and identify parameters that are critical to enhancing the retention time and read current in 2T/3T1D FinFET DRAMs. Additionally, we show the superiority of 2T1D FinFET DRAM over 6T FinFET SRAM having pass-gate feedback (6T PGFB) and 2T1D bulk DRAM under the effect of variations using a quasi-Monte Carlo method implemented in FinE, an environment we have developed for double-gate circuit design that integrates Sentaurus TCAD from Synopsys with the Spice3-UFDG double-gate compact model from University of Florida under a single framework. Finally, we present a new tunable threshold gated-diode FinFET amplifier which uses an n-type gated-diode for voltage-boosting, along with a p-type gated-diode for zero-suppression.
Negative Regulation of Raf-1 by Phosphorylation of Serine 621 (1996)

The elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in the cell downregulates the activity of the Raf-1 kinase. It has been suggested that this effect is due to the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which can directly phosphorylate Raf-1 in vitro. In this study, we confirmed this hypothesis by coexpressing Raf-1 with the constitutively active catalytic subunit of PKA, which could fully reproduce the inhibition previously achieved by cAMP. PKA-phosphorylated Raf-1 exhibits a reduced affinity for GTP-loaded Ras as well as impaired catalytic activity. As the binding to GTP-loaded Ras induces Raf-1 activation in the cell, we examined which mechanism is required for PKA-mediated Raf-1 inhibition in vivo. A Raf-1 point mutant (RafR89L), which is unable to bind Ras, as well as the isolated Raf-1 kinase domain were still fully susceptible to inhibition by PKA, demonstrating that the phosphorylation of the Raf-1 kinase suffices for inhibition. By the use of mass spectroscopy and point mutants, PKA phosphorylation site was mapped to a single site in the Raf-1 kinase domain, serine 621. Replacement of serine 621 by alanine or cysteine or destruction of the PKA consensus motif by changing arginine 618 resulted in the loss of catalytic activity. Notably, a mutation of serine 619 to alanine did not significantly affect kinase activity or regulation by activators or PKA. Changing serine 621 to aspartic acid yielded a Raf-1 protein which, when expressed to high levels in Sf-9 insect cells, retained a very low inducible kinase activity that was resistant to PKA downregulation. The purified Raf-1 kinase domain displayed slow autophosphorylation of serine 621, which correlated with a decrease in catalytic function. The Raf-1 kinase domain activated by tyrosine phosphorylation could be downregulated by PKA. Specific removal of the phosphate residue at serine 621 reactivated the catalytic activity. These results are most consistent with a dual role of serine 621. On the one hand, serine 621 appears essential for catalytic activity; on the other hand, it serves as a phosphorylation site which confers negative regulation.
Abstraction in Latin - Eino Mikkola: Die Abstraktion im Lateinischen. Eine semantischmorphologische Untersuchung auf begriffsanalytischer und literaturgeschichtlicher Grundlage. (Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, 2 vols. Ser. B, 133 and 137.) Pp. 232, 246. Helsinki: Finnish Academy, 1964, 1966. Paper, Mk. 12 each. (1967)

ion in Latin - Eino Mikkola: Die Abstraktion im Lateinischen. Eine semantischmorphologische Untersuchung auf begriffsanalytischer und literaturgeschichtlicher Grundlage. (Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, 2 vols. Ser. B, 133 and 137.) Pp. 232, 246. Helsinki: Finnish Academy, 1964, 1966. Paper, Mk. 12 each. - Volume 17 Issue 3
Reformatsky and Luche reaction in the absence of solvent (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReformatsky and Luche reaction in the absence of solventKoichi Tanaka, Satoshi Kishigami, and Fumio TodaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 13, 4333–4334Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00013a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00013a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1117Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) Carbonate as a Condensing Agent in One-Pot Parallel Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aliphatic Ureas (2014)

One-pot parallel synthesis of unsymmetrical aliphatic ureas was achieved with bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate. The procedure worked well for both the monosubstituted and functionalized alkyl amines and required no special conditions (temperature control, order, or rate of addition). A library of 96 diverse ureas was easily synthesized.
File Exchange in a Private Cloud Supported by a Trust Model (2012)

Cloud computing is being progressively adopted in different business scenarios in order to obtain flexible and reliable computing environments, with several supporting solutions available in the market. Computing systems trust representation have been widely discussed and applied in a lot of information technology scenarios, becoming subject of scientific researches. This paper proposes the development of a trust model to ensure a reliable files exchange among nodes in a private cloud, as well as the calculation process of trust among them, according to the established metrics. The simulation result using CloudSim framework shows the effectiveness of the model in selecting more reliable node in private cloud.
Multihop wireless IEEE 802.11 LANs: a prototype implementation (2003)

We present a prototype for a new architecture, MCN (multihop cellular network), implemented over a wireless LAN platform. MCN preserves the virtue of traditional single-hop cellular networks where the service infrastructure is constructed by many bases, but it also adds the flexibility of ad-hoc networks where wireless transfer through mobile stations in multiple hops is allowed. The MCN can reduce the number of required bases or improve the throughput performance. On IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless LAN products, a bridging protocol, our BMBP (base-driven multihop bridging protocol), runs between mobile stations and access points to build bridging tables. The demonstration shows that MCN is a feasible architecture for wireless LANs.
RFID를 이용한 환자 인식 시스템 개발 (2005)

본 연구에서는 RFID를 이용한 환자를 인식하는 시스템에 대해 제안한다. RFID를 이용한 환자인식 시스템은 이미 구축된 전자차트 시스템을 어느 진료 장소에서도 정확히 환자를 스스로 인식하여 기존의 전자차트와 연결함으로써 외래 진료시에도 전자차트 시스템을 이용할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 또한 환자와 해당 환자의 전자차트의 정보를 정확히 연결하여 잘못된 처방을 미연에 방지하고 의사 및 의료 종사자가 기존의 차트 시스템을 진료 후 다시 전자차트에 입력해야 하는 불필요성을 줄이는 것을 목표로 한다.
Sentence-Based Attentional Mechanisms in Word Learning: Evidence from a Computational Model (2012)

When looking for the referents of novel nouns, adults and young children are sensitive to cross-situational statistics (Yu and Smith, 2007; Smith and Yu, 2008). In addition, the linguistic context that a word appears in has been shown to act as a powerful attention mechanism for guiding sentence processing and word learning (Landau and Gleitman, 1985; Altmann and Kamide, 1999; Kako and Trueswell, 2000). Koehne and Crocker (2010, 2011) investigate the interaction between cross-situational evidence and guidance from the sentential context in an adult language learning scenario. Their studies reveal that these learning mechanisms interact in a complex manner: they can be used in a complementary way when context helps reduce referential uncertainty; they influence word learning about equally strongly when cross-situational and contextual evidence are in conflict; and contextual cues block aspects of cross-situational learning when both mechanisms are independently applicable. To address this complex pattern of findings, we present a probabilistic computational model of word learning which extends a previous cross-situational model (Fazly et al., 2010) with an attention mechanism based on sentential cues. Our model uses a framework that seamlessly combines the two sources of evidence in order to study their emerging pattern of interaction during the process of word learning. Simulations of the experiments of (Koehne and Crocker, 2010, 2011) reveal an overall pattern of results that are in line with their findings. Importantly, we demonstrate that our model does not need to explicitly assign priority to either source of evidence in order to produce these results: learning patterns emerge as a result of a probabilistic interaction between the two clue types. Moreover, using a computational model allows us to examine the developmental trajectory of the differential roles of cross-situational and sentential cues in word learning.
Quantification of Perfusion and Permeability in Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Our study demonstrates the feasibility of 3D T1-weighted DCE-MRI for the quantitative assessment of CBF, CBV, and PS in NAWM as well as in multiple MS lesions scattered throughout the brain, even without previous knowledge of their location. Quantification on the region level produced reasonable values both in lesions and in NAWM, but parameter maps would benefit from an increase in contrast-to-noise ratio. The increased values of CBF, CBV, and PS in CE lesions may reflect inflammatory activity, the heterogeneity of parameter estimates suggests a potential for lesion characterization. NAWM appears hypoperfused, this is in accordance with previous studies, but requires validation with a control group.
A LOW COST AND HIGH QUALITY SOLID FUEL FROM BIOMASS AND COAL FINES (2001)

Use of biomass wastes as fuels in existing boilers would reduce greenhouse gas emissions, SO2 and NOx emissions, while beneficially utilizing wastes. However, the use of biomass has been limited by its low energy content and density, high moisture content, inconsistent configuration and decay characteristics. If biomass is upgraded by conventional methods, the cost of the fuel becomes prohibitive. Altex has identified a process, called the Altex Fuel Pellet (AFP) process, that utilizes a mixture of biomass wastes, including municipal biosolids, and some coal fines, to produce a strong, high energy content, good burning and weather resistant fuel pellet, that is lower in cost than coal. This cost benefit is primarily derived from fees that are collected for accepting municipal biosolids. Besides low cost, the process is also flexible and can incorporate several biomass materials of interest The work reported on herein showed the technical and economic feasibility of the AFP process. Low-cost sawdust wood waste and light fractions of municipal wastes were selected as key biomass wastes to be combined with biosolids and coal fines to produce AFP pellets. The process combines steps of dewatering, pellet extrusion, drying and weatherizing. Prior to pilot-scale tests, bench-scale test equipment was used to produce limited quantities of pellets for characterization. These tests showed which pellet formulations had a high potential. Pilot-scale tests then showed that extremely robust pellets could be produced that have high energy content, good density and adequate weatherability. It was concluded that these pellets could be handled, stored and transported using equipment similar to that used for coal. Tests showed that AFP pellets have a high combustion rate when burned in a stoker type systems. While NOx emissions under stoker type firing conditions was high, a simple air staging approach reduced emissions to below that for coal. In pulverized-fuel-fired tests it was found that the ground pellets could be used as an effective NOx control agent for pulverized-coal-fired systems. NOx emissions reductions up to 63% were recorded, when using AFP as a NOx control agent. In addition to performance benefits, economic analyses showed the good economic benefits of AFP fuel. Using equipment manufacturer inputs, and reasonable values for biomass, biosolids and coal fines costs, it was determined that an AFP plant would have good profitability. For cases where biosolids contents were in the range of 50%, the after tax Internal Rates of Return were in the range of 40% to 50%. These are very attractive returns. Besides the baseline analysis for the various AFP formulations tested at pilot scale, sensitivity analysis showed the impact of important parameters on return. From results, it was clear that returns are excellent for a range of parameters that could be expected in practice. Importantly, these good returns are achieved even without incentives related to the emissions control benefits of biomass.
Disc Degeneration Affects the Multidirectional Flexibility of the Lumbar Spine (1994)

In flexion-extension, the ROM decreased and NZR increased with degeneration. In axial rotation, NZ and NZR increased with degeneration. In lateral bending, the ROM significantly decreased and the NZR increased with degeneration. In all three loading directions, the NZR increased, indicating greater joint laxity with degeneration.
Perfect Engine Balance Via Collins Scotch Yoke Technology (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent studies have confirmed that it is possible to achieve perfect balance of all forces and moments created by pistons, connecting rods and crankshaft of the Collins family of 12, 8, 6 and 4 cylinder engines. With the Scotch Yoke mechanism there are no secondary forces, or higher order forces, and thus the counter-balancing needed can be determined exactly. The pure sinusoidal, translational motion of the pistons and connecting rods and the pure rotational motion of the crankshaft and bearing blocks makes the calculation for balance “trivial”.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In all cases, except the 12 cylinder model, a single balance shaft rotating counter to the crankshaft rotaion, at engine speed provides complete cancellation of the moments created by the moving parts of the engine. Alternatively, two small balance shafts can be used, located in less space sensitive spots than the single balance shaft. In the case of the twelve cylinder engine, no balance shafts are required.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper explains the principles of the Collins Scotch Yoke engine construction and the exact balance of 4, 6, 8, and 12. The exact, closed form equations will be discussed, as well as some of the approximations needed to be made to approach balance for a conventional engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition, a brief summary will be provided of the reduced size, weight and friction resulting from the use of this patented Collins Scotch Yoke technology.</div>
Nigella sativa: Monograph (2015)

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (Family Ranunculaceae) have been used for thousands of years as a curative remedy for various disorders. N. sativa seed reveal a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including immunopotentiation and antihistaminic, antidiabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. It is known as a source of thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, p-cymene, carvacrol, 4-terpineol, t-anethol, sesquiterpene longifolene, nigellicimine and nigellicimine- N-oxide, α-pinene and thymol etc. The incalculable medicinal properties and therapeutic uses of N. sativa prove its importance as a valuable medicinal plant. The aim of this review is to summarize some important pharmacological studies and phytochemical investigations on N. sativa and isolated principles which can be investigated further to get novel molecules in the search of novel herbal drugs
Microprocessors in intensive care medicine. (1981)

Three specific applications of microprocessors to intensive care instrumentation are presented. Automatic feedback control of mechanical ventilation is achieved using end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production as the input control parameters. Closed-loop control of fluid infusion is used for resuscitating burn patients; intravenous infusion rate is microprocessor controlled to maintain a desired urine output. Metabolic rate is measured by indirect calorimetry using a microprocessor to compute the results and control the measuring instrumentation. These examples show how microprocessor technology has been used to expand instrumentation capability and implement feedback control. These systems use multiple-input feedback control, user guidance, automatic calibration, self-diagnostics, and intelligent alarms.
Using multiple HMM recognizers and the maximum accuracy method to improve voice-controlled robots (2011)

This paper proposes a speech recognition method using multiple speech recognizers with a combination of techniques to enhance robot control. The procedure consisted of 2 parts: 1) recognizing robot commands using multiple Hidden Markov model (HMM) recognizers, and 2) sending recognized commands to control the robot. In the first part, which is the main focus, three speech recognizers using gender-independent, gender-dependent and gender HMMs were applied to identify robot commands from speech signals. Then, the speech recognition results were combined using the maximum accuracy method. In the second part, the combined speech recognition results were used to control the robot with computer-robot control hardware. When using single-syllable robot commands, the results showed that without the combination method, average robot command recognition rates of 99.0%, 99.2% and 98.8% were achieved using gender-independent, gender-dependent and gender acoustic models, respectively. After the combination method was applied, the results revealed that the gender-independent and gender acoustic model speech recognizers, with the maximum accuracy method, could obtain a high robot command accuracy level of 99.4%, when the gender of the user was not known in advance. When the gender of the user was known beforehand, a robot command accuracy of 100.0% (no error reported) was achieved using three speech recognizers with the maximum accuracy combination method. When using single- and bi-syllable robot commands, high average recognition rates could also be achieved. The results indicate that robot command recognition using the maximum accuracy method with three kinds of HMM speech recognizers is an efficient method to enhance robot control by human voice.
Temporal development of hard and soft x-ray emission from a gas-puff <i>Z</i> pinch (1986)

Previous time- and space-resolved x-ray measurements on a small gas-puff Z pinch indicated the presence of bursts of energetic electron beam and related ‘‘hot spots’’—high-temperature, high-density plasma regions. Spectra taken from these hot spots are consistent with a plasma of electron density about 1022–1023 cm−3 and electron temperature of 500 eV. Here we present time correlation of the hard x-ray emission from the anode with large fluctuations in İ and with short bursts of intense soft x rays. These soft x-ray bursts originating from the hot spots are shown always to be preceded by hard x-ray emissions. Using suitable apertures, the plasma is shown to be a source of hard x rays, &lt;2.5 Å. This is confirmed by x-ray pinhole photographs. By varying the Z of the anode the electron beam associated with hard x-ray emission is found to be of low energy (10 keV) agreeing with previous measurements. In particular a plastic, PTFE (Teflon), is shown to be a suitable material for the anode, with superior lifetime performance compared with conventional metallic substances.
Emerging Treatments in Multiple Sclerosis (1997)

Currently used and developing therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are dealing with the treatment of acute exacerbations, the prevention of relapses and of the progression of neurological handicap, the treatment of symptoms, and the repair of demyelinated lesions. New insights into the treatment of acute relapses as well as recent immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents tested in MS are exposed in this brief review. Interferon-beta (1a and 1b), copolymer 1 and new immunosuppressive therapies are particularly discussed with emphasis on their potential to alter the course of MS.