gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic cell development in the zebrafish embryo (2009)

A precise understanding of how hematopoietic stem cells are patterned during development has important implications for both developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Since hematopoietic stem cells are the only hematopoietic cells capable of lifelong, multilineage blood cell production, understanding the stepwise, molecular processes of their instruction from mesoderm is key to replicating these events in vitro from pluripotent embryonic stem cells.
Assessing variability of literature based methane indicator traits in a large dairy cow population (2015)

Description of the subject. Dairy production is identified as a major source of methane (CH4) emissions. Selective breeding represents one method for mitigating CH4 emissions but practical and cheap ways to measure this trait are not currently available. In the present study, four CH4 indicator traits based on milk fatty acid (FA) contents were referenced from the literature. Objectives. The aim of the study was to use these literature CH4 indicators for assessing the variability of methane emissions emitted by dairy cows. Method. Literature CH4 indicator traits were originally defined based on the measurements of FA content by gas chromatography. However, these measurements were not available for all the available cows in our studied population. A sample of 602 gas chromatographic analyses was therefore used to develop a calibration equation for predicting the literature CH4 indicators based on milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectra. This spectral information was available for all the studied cows. Then, in a second step, in order to predict the literature CH4 indicator traits, the developed MIR prediction equations were applied to the 604,028 recorded spectral data collected between 2007 and 2011 for 70,872 cows in their first three lactations. Genetic parameters for these traits were then estimated using single trait test-day random regression animal models. Results. The predicted MIR literature CH4 estimates were in the expected range from 350 ± 40 to 449 ± 65 g per day. The averaged predicted MIR CH4 emission (g per day) increased from the beginning of lactation, reached the highest level at the peak of lactation and then decreased towards the end of lactation. The average daily heritability values were 0.29-.35, 0.26-.40, and 0.22-.37 for the different studied CH4 indicators for the first three lactations, respectively. The largest differences between the estimated breeding values of sires that had daughters in production eructing the highest and the lowest CH4 content was 24.18, 29.33 and 27.77 kg per lactation for the first three parities. Low negative correlations were observed between CH4 indicator traits and milk yield. Positive genetic correlations were estimated between CH4 indicator traits and milk fat and protein content. Conclusions. This study showed the feasibility of using MIR spectrometry results to predict fatty acid derived CH4 indicator traits developed in the literature. Moreover, the estimated genetic parameters of these traits suggested a potential phenotypic and genetic variability of the daily quantity of CH4 eructed by Holstein dairy cows.
Pentafluorosulfanyl Substituents in Polymerization Catalysis (2017)

Highly electron-withdrawing pentafluorosulfanyl groups were probed as substituents in an organometallic catalyst. In Ni(II) salicylaldiminato complexes as an example case, these highly electron-withdrawing substituents allow for polymerization of ethylene to higher molecular weights with reduced branching due to significant reductions in β-hydrogen elimination. Combined with the excellent functional group tolerance of neutral Ni(II) complexes, this suppression of β-hydrogen elimination allows for the direct polymerization of ethylene in water to nanocrystal dispersions of disentangled, ultrahigh-molecular-weight linear polyethylene.
Expression of SORL1 and a novel SORL1 splice variant in normal and Alzheimers disease brain (2009)

These results confirm that FL-SORL1 expression declines in AD and with AD-associated neuropathology, suggest that FL-SORL1 declines in cognitively-intact individuals with AD-associated neuropathology, identify a novel SORL1 splice variant that is expressed similarly in AD and non-AD individuals, and provide evidence that an AD-associated SNP is associated with SORL1 expression. Overall, these results contribute to our understanding of SORL1 expression in the human brain.
Synchronous up/down counter with clock period independent of counter size (2002)

The theory and practice of up-only or down-only prescaled (or constant time) counters is well understood both in industry and in the academia. Such counters are obtained by partitioning the counter into sub-blocks in order to be able to anticipate the CARRY propagation inside each block (similar to a carry-select adder). When properly designed, prescaled counters have a clock period independent of counter size. Until now it was not known whether it is possible to design a constant time up/down binary counter. The paper presents the theory behind building a synchronous up/down counter of arbitrary length and with period independent of counter size. The main idea behind the novel up/down counter is to recognize that the only extra difficulty with an up/down (vs. up-only or down-only) constant time counter is when the counter changes "direction" from counting up to counting down and vice-versa. For dealing with this difficulty the new design uses a "shadow" register inside each sub-block with the purpose of always storing the previous block value. When counting only up or only down the counter function like a standard up-only or down-only constant time counter but when it changes direction, instead of trying to compute the new value (which typically requires carry propagation), it simply uses the contents of the shadow register which contains the exact desired previous value. A 54-bit up/down counter running at 40 MHz was implemented in an Atmel AT6000 FPGA and similar up/down counters can be implemented in any technology.
Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata among Premenopausal Women in Relation to Body Size and Cigarette Smoking (1998)

To examine the relation between family history of breast cancer in a mother or sister and a man's risk of fatal prostate cancer, we analyzed data from a prospective mortality study of adult men in the United States. During 12 years of follow-up, there were 3,141 deaths from prostate cancer in a cohort of 480,802 men who were cancer-free at study entry in 1982. Results from Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for other risk factors, showed a modest increased risk of fatal prostate cancer associated with a family history of breast cancer (in the absence of a family history of prostate cancer) [rate ratio (RR) = 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.33]. The association was stronger among men younger than 65 years of age whose relatives were diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 years (RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 0.88-3.10) and among Jewish men (RR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.00-2.97). The increased risks observed in these subgroups may reflect genetic alterations underlying familial clustering of prostate and breast cancer.
Recombinant nucleocapsid-like particles from dengue-2 virus induce protective CD4+ and CD8+ cells against viral encephalitis in mice (2009)

Virus-like particles are a highly effective type of subunit vaccine that mimics the overall structure of virus particles without containing infectious genetic material. In this work, a particulate form of the recombinant capsid protein from dengue-2 was evaluated in mice to determine the level of protection against viral challenge and to measure the antigen-induced cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The nucleocapsid-like particles (NLPs) adjuvanted with alum did not induce antiviral antibodies. However, splenocytes from the immunized animals secreted high levels of IFN-gamma upon virus stimulation, and a significant protection rate was achieved after challenge with lethal dengue-2 virus. Finally, both IFN-gamma secretion and protection against viral encephalitis were demonstrated to be dependent on CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. This study provides new evidences regarding the protective role of the CMI in the mouse model without the induction of neutralizing antibodies. Further studies in non-human primates or humanized mice should be carried out to elucidate the usefulness of the NLPs as a potential vaccine candidate against dengue disease.
Human recombinant interleukin 4 induces Fc epsilon R2/CD23 on normal human monocytes. (1988)

rIL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) induces the expression of Fc epsilon R2/CD23 on normal human monocytes (Mo). Fc epsilon R2/CD23 induction was detectable both by flow cytometry using anti-CD23 mAbs as well as soluble IgE, and by the immunoprecipitation with CD23-specific mAb or IgE of a 45-kD band from 125I-lactoperoxidase-labeled Mo. Fc epsilon R2/CD23 was fully expressed after a 24-h incubation with rIL-4, and was still detectable after 72 h from the addition of IL-4. This effect was specific, because none of the other rILs tested (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, B cell stimulatory factor 2, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and IFN-gamma) could induce FC epsilon R2/CD23, either alone or in various combinations. No synergism was observed between IL-4 and other ILs. IFN-gamma was not able to inhibit the IL-4-induced expression of Fc epsilon R2/CD23 on Mo, neither when added to the culture together with IL-4, nor when added 36 h earlier.
Applied Industrial Energy and Environmental Management (2008)

Industrial energy systems channel fuels and power into a variety of energy types such as steam, direct heat, hot fluids and gases, and shaft power for compressors, fans, pumps, and other machine-driven equipment. All of these processes impact the environment and are impacted by external energy and environmental policies and regulations. Therefore many environmental management issues are closely related to energy use and efficiency. Applied Industrial Energy and Environmental Management provides a comprehensive and application oriented approach to the technical and managerial challenges of efficient energy performance in industrial plants. Written by leading practitioners in the field with extensive experience of working with development banks, international aid organizations, and multinational companies, the authors are able to offer real case studies as a basis to their method. The book is divided into three main parts: * Part one describes Energy and Environmental Management Systems (EEMS) in current use and management techniques for energy and environmental performance improvement. * Part two focuses on the engineering aspects of industrial energy management, describing main industrial energy systems and how to analyse and improve their energy performance. * Part three is the TOOLBOX on an accompanying website, which contains data, analytical methods and questionnaires as well as software programs, to support the practical application of the methods elaborated on in the first two parts of the book. This book will be a valuable resource to practising energy and environmental management engineers, plant managers and consultants in the energy and manufacturing industries. It will also be of interest to graduate engineering and science students taking courses in industrial energy and environmental management
Novel Thin Film with Cylindrical Nanopores That Open and Close Depending on Temperature:  First Successful Synthesis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTNovel Thin Film with Cylindrical Nanopores That Open and Close Depending on Temperature: First Successful SynthesisMasaru Yoshida, Masaharu Asano, Agneza Safranj, Hideki Omichi, Reimar Spohr, Johann Vetter, and Ryoichi KatakaiView Author Information Department of Material Development, Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki 370-12, Japan, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, Plankstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 27, 8987–8989Publication Date (Web):December 30, 1996Publication History Received8 August 1996Revised4 November 1996Published online30 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma961194zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma961194zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Layers,Polymer films,Solution chemistry,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Wavelet-based sensor validation: Differentiating abrupt sensor faults from system dynamics (2011)

The problem of sensor fault detection is important part of the overall system health estimation. Without assuring correct sensor readings it is impossible to make any conclusion about system status. On the other hand, it is essential not to confuse sensor faults and abnormal sensor behavior caused by other reasons, such as dynamically changing system condition or fault in the system. In the current paper the problem of distinguishing between sensor faults and system dynamics is investigated. This problem cannot be solved by validating each sensor signal independently; it requires joint analysis of all sensors. The particular case of several redundant of well-correlated sensors is considered. The proposed solution consists of two steps. First, multiresolution analysis, a powerful wavelet-based signal processing technique, is applied to detect signal changes both at high and low frequency scales. Then, found changes are inspected on different wavelet detail levels and decision is made whether these changes are true sensor faults or are caused by system dynamics. The proposed method is tested on data from gas turbine power plant.
Information Access across the Language Barrier: the MuST System (1999)

The goal of the MuST project is to develop a prototype system to facilitate not only retrieving documents from multilingual collections, but also to summarize and translate the retrieved document into the user’s preferred language. We focus on the integration of state-of-the-art technologies, try to identify the critical path of enabling multilingual information access, and propose possible solutions. As far as possible, the system employs existing resources and products, such as the search technologies from America Online (AOL)/Personal Library System (PLS) [1], and online Internet search engines. It incorporates web spider technology enabling users to target their areas and languages of interest. It provides multilingual summarization technology developed at ISI [4] enabling users to quickly judge the relevance of the retrieved documents. It also integrates deep and shallow translation engines [5] for online browsing of foreign language texts. We use the World Wide Web as our multilingual document sources and assume English is the source language. MuST can handle the languages English, Arabic, Japanese, Spanish, and Bahasa Indonesia. We plan to add more languages in the near future.
Characterization of Monomeric Forms of Galectin-1 Generated by Site-Directed Mutagenesis (1996)

Galectin-1 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein secreted by animal cells, and it exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium (Kd approximately 7 microM). The function(s) of galectin-1 is(are) not yet defined, but dimerization and divalency are presumably important. Crystal structures of the mammalian galectin-1 dimer predict N- and C-terminal interactions at the subunit interface. To examine the mechanism of dimer formation and possibly generate active monomeric galectin-I, mutations were made in the N- and C-termini of recombinant hamster galectin-1. N-Gal-1 contains disruptions of three hydrophobic amino acids at the N-terminus; V5D-Gal-1 contains a single mutation of Val5 to Asp; N/C-Gal-1 contains multiple changes in hydrophobic amino acids at both the N- and C-termini. All mutants behave as monomers in size-exclusion HPLC and native gel electrophoresis. N-Gal-1 and V5D-Gal-1 bind weakly to lactosyl-Sepharose, but N/C-Gal-1 is nonfunctional. In equilibrium dialysis, N-Gal-1 and V5D-Gal-1 bind N-acetyllactosamine with a Kd approximately 90 microM, which is similar to that of native lectin. At high concentrations, V5D-Gal-1 and N-Gal-1 dimerize and can be covalently cross-linked with disuccinimidyl suberate. The Kd values of the monomer-dimer equilibrium for V5D-Gal-1 and N-Gal-1 are estimated to be approximately 60 microM and approximately 250 microM, respectively. The cross-linked dimers of V5D and N-Gal-1 were isolated and were similar to native lectin in both hemagglutinating activity and high-affinity binding to lactosyl-Sepharose. Thus, specific mutations in galectin-1 can alter monomer-dimer equilibrium without affecting carbohydrate-binding activity. The availability of active monomers and functional covalent dimers of galectin-1 should aid in future studies aimed at understanding the biological function(s) of the lectin and the role of divalency.
Value and Level of Galectin-3 in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2012)

A high circulating galectin-3 level may serve as a useful biomarker for predicting 30-day MACO in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.
New Tools for the Antimitotic Toolbox (1999)

One of the drawbacks of the slew of anti-mitotic drugs that are used to treat cancer is that they all target the assembly or disassembly of tubulin, the molecular building block of microtubules. By disrupting the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules, which are the essential components of the mitotic spindle without which mitosis cannot proceed, these drugs are able to inhibit the cell cycle. In a Perspective,
 Duane Compton
 discusses a new screening method that identifies anti-mitotic drugs that target components of the spindle other than tubulin. These compounds should prove valuable both in elucidating the different steps in spindle assembly and as the basis of a new class of anticancer agents.
Private Equity für institutionelle Investoren — Anforderungen, Potenziale, Erfolgsfaktoren (2003)

Anleger konnten in den 90er Jahren an den Kapitalmärkten attraktive Renditen erzielen. Returns aus Staatsanleihen waren zufriedenstellend und Aktienmärkte haben durch einen nahezu ungebrochenen Aufwärtstrend Investoren verwöhnt. Die Erzielung von Mindestverzinsungen waren zum Beispiel für Versicherungen und Pensionskassen lange Zeit kein Thema.
Stereospezifische Synthese von (+)‐(3<i>R</i>, 4<i>R</i>)‐4‐Methyl‐3‐heptanol, das Enantiomere eines Pheromons des kleinen Ulmensplintkäfers (<i>Scolytus multistriatus</i>) (1979)

Stereospecific Synthesis of (+)‐(3 R , 4 R )‐4‐Methyl‐3‐heptanol, the Enantiomer of a Pheromone of the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle ( Scolytus multistriatus ) Reduction of 2 with actively fermenting baker's yeast gave (−) ‐3. Stereospecific alkylation [3] of (−) ‐3 with propyl iodide furnished ethyl (+)‐(2 R , 3 R )‐2‐propyl‐3‐hydroxypentanoate ((+) ‐4 , 58%) which was converted to the tetrahydropyranyl ether (−) ‐5 , then the alcohol 6 , the p ‐toluenesulfonate 7 and the thiophenyl ether 8 to give the title compound (+) ‐1. The latter consisted of 97% of the threo ‐ and 3% of the erythro ‐isomer. The above synthesis also correlates the absolute configuration of (−)‐( R ) ‐3 with that of (+)‐( R )‐citronellic acid (see [2]).
In Situ Vesicle Formation by Native Chemical Ligation (2014)

Phospholipid vesicles are of intense fundamental and practical interest, yet methods for their de novo generation from reactive precursors are limited. A non-enzymatic and chemoselective method to spontaneously generate phospholipid membranes from water-soluble starting materials would be a powerful tool for generating vesicles and studying lipid membranes. Here we describe the use of native chemical ligation (NCL) to rapidly prepare phospholipids spontaneously from thioesters. While NCL is one of the most popular tools for synthesizing proteins and nucleic acids, to our knowledge this is the first example of using NCL to generate phospholipids de novo. The lipids are capable of in situ synthesis and self-assembly into vesicles that can grow to several microns in diameter. The selectivity of the NCL reaction makes in situ membrane formation compatible with biological materials such as proteins. This work expands the application of NCL to the formation of phospholipid membranes.
Biocompatibility of alumina ceramic and polyethylene as materials for pivot bearings of a centrifugal blood pump (1997)

The double pivot bearings in the Gyro C1E3 centrifugal blood pump incorporate a high-purity alumina (Al2O3) ceramic and an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). This centrifugal pump has been developed as a completely sealless pump for long-term usage. The combination of Al2O3 and UHMWPE are the materials of choice for the acetabular bearing in artificial joints, which have proven to be clinically reliable for over 10 years. Previous studies have examined the biocompatibility of Al2O3 and UHMWPE as bulky implant materials. The present study investigated this material as a blood-contacting material using a standard assessment in vitro and in vivo analysis. The examined items were systemic toxicity, sensitization (guinea pig maximization test), cytotoxicity (elution test), mutagenicity (Ames test), direct contact hemolysis, and thrombogenicity. The studies were performed according to the United States Pharmacopoeia and published previous studies. The samples of both Al2O3 and UHMWPE demonstrated no differences from the negative controls in all tests. These findings indicate that both Al2O3 and UHMWPE are biocompatible materials for double-pivot bearings in the centrifugal blood pump.
Multiple facets of p53 in senescence induction and maintenance (2016)

Cellular senescence is a state of durable cell cycle arrest with metabolic activities distinct from those of the proliferative state. Since senescence was originally reported to be induced by various genotoxic stressors, such as telomere erosion and oncogenic signaling, it has been proposed to play a pivotal role in aging‐related changes and as an antitumorigenic barrier in vivo . However, the mechanisms underlying its induction and maintenance remain entirely elusive. We have recently found that abrupt activation of p53 at G 2 results in a cell skipping mitosis and subsequently undergoing senescence. Surprisingly, we have also found that downregulation of p53 by SCF F bxo22 is crucial for the induction of a senescence‐associated phenotype. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the timing and magnitude of activation of p53 during senescence.