gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Prototypic, Prosthetic Venous Valve (2007)

Chronic venous stasis is a disease condition resulting from valvular incompetence caused by either thrombophlebitis or congenital valvular abnormalities.This is a major concern today affecting as many as twenty four million people.While it is usually managed by nonoperative methods, the severity of the disease in some cases demands the exploration of other means of treating this condition.Hence, replacement of damaged venous valves by prosthetic ones is an option that is being pursued.If successful, a prosthetic valve would help to restore the function of the damaged native venous valves.The goal of the current project was to validate the design of a venous valve previously designed (US Patent Application # 11/ 282,515) using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation.This simulation would help determine parameters which could not be obtained by in-vitro flow modeling and quantify the fluid-solid interactions at a higher resolution than is possible experimentally.Several fluid dynamics parameters were obtained under both steady state (forward and reverse directions) and pulsatile conditions at mean velocities of 0.05 and 0.1 m/s.These approximated conditions seen under resting supine and walking conditions.Parameters obtained were the pressure distribution, velocity profiles, and shear stresses around the valve, and the residence time of the fluid within the valve and behind the leaflets.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis by means of secondary interaction between chiral ligands and substrates (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic asymmetric synthesis by means of secondary interaction between chiral ligands and substratesMasaya Sawamura and Yoshihiko ItoCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 5, 857–871Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00013a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00013a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2600Altmetric-Citations401LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative toxicant sensitivity of sexual and asexual reproduction in the rotifer <i>Brachionus calyciflorus</i> (1995)

Abstract Cyclically parthenogenetic zooplankters like rotifers are important tools for assessing toxicity in aquatic environments Sexual reproduction is an essential component of rotifer life cycles, but current toxicity tests utilize only asexual reproduction We compared the effects of four toxicants on asexual and sexual reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Toxicants had a differential effect on sexual and asexual reproduction, with sexual reproduction consistently the most sensitive Concentrations of 0 2 μg/ml PCP (sodium pentachlorophenate) had no effect on the asexual reproductive rate, but significantly reduced sexual reproduction Likewise, chlorpyrifos concentrations of 0 3 μg/ml had no significant effect on asexual reproduction, but sexual reproduction was significantly reduced There was no difference in NOECs, LOECs, and chronic values for asexual and sexual reproduction for cadmium and naphthol tests However, comparison of toxicant effect levels revealed that sexual reproduction was more strongly reduced at each toxicant concentration The four toxicants tested inhibited sexual reproduction 2 to 68 times more than asexual reproduction at the lowest observed effect concentrations Toxicants inhibited sexual reproduction in its initial step sexual female production Because sexual reproduction is more sensitive, toxicity tests based exclusively on asexual reproduction may not be protective of rotifer life cycles
<b>The Chemical Properties of Dioxygen Difluoride</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemical Properties of Dioxygen DifluorideA. G. StrengCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 10, 1380–1385Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00893a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00893a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5358Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation of buried oxynitride layers in silica glass by ion implantation (1990)

Buried oxynitride layers were formed in silica glass by N+ only or both N+- and Si+-ion implantation. These samples were characterized by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The depth profile of implanted N without Si implantation is a trapezoidal shape at a high-dose condition (more than about 3 × 1016 ions/cm2). In the N+ implantation only, a part of implanted N reacts with Si, and forms a SiON layer which is thermally unstable. In both Si+ (100 keV, 1 × 1017 ions/cm2) and N+ (50 keV, 11× 1017 cm2) implantation, the depth profile of N is a Gaussian distribution, and the thermal stability of a SiON layer is dramatically improved. However, bubbles were generated near the projected range of Si and N at a high-dose condition (the total dose was 4 × 1017 ion/cm2 and the dose ratio Si/N=3/4). The generation of bubbles was suppressed by two-step N+ implantation (40 and 60 keV).
Comparison of telmisartan versus losartan: meta-analysis of titration-to-response studies (2003)

Telmisartan 40/80 mg is superior to losartan 50/100 mg in controlling DBP and SBP during the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval.
Massively Multiplayer Middleware (2004)

Wish is a multiplayer, online, fantasy role-playing game being developed by Mutable Realms. It differs from similar online games in that it allows tens of thousands of players to participate in a single game world. Allowing such a large number of players requires distributing the processing load over a number of machines and raises the problem of choosing an appropriate distribution technology.
The Colorplexer-A Device for Multiplexing Color Television Signals in Accordance with the NTSC Signal Specifications (1954)

The color signal specifications proposed by the National Television System Conumittee are discussed in so far as they apply to the RCA transmitter colorplexer. The principal colorplexer functions of matrixing, band limiting, and delay correction, modulating, burst generating, and mixing are described in considerable detail. Wave forms, photographed at several points in the colorplexer, are shown for one standard color-bar signal.
A fragment of engrailed regulatory DNA can mediate transvection of the white gene in Drosophila. (1991)

We have found a fragment of engrailed regulatory DNA that has an unusual effect on expression of a linked marker gene, white, in the P element transposon CaSpeR. Normally, flies homozygous for a given CaSpeR insertion have darker eyes than heterozygotes. However, when a particular engrailed DNA fragment is included in that transposon, homozygotes often have lighter eyes than heterozygotes. Thus, engrailed DNA appears to cause white expression to be repressed in homozygotes. The suppression of white is dependent on the proximity of the two transposons in the genome-either in cis (i.e., on the same chromosome) or in trans (i.e., on homologous chromosomes). Thus, the engrailed fragment is mediating a phenomenon similar to that mediated by the zeste gene at the white locus. However, the interactions we observe do not require, nor are influenced by, mutations of zeste. We suggest that the engrailed DNA contains one or more binding sites for a protein that facilitates interactions between transposons. The normal function of these sites may be to mediate interactions between distant cis-regulatory regions of engrailed, a large locus that extends over 70 kilobases.
Texturing of RBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ superconductors (1988)

Ceramic superconductors have been textured mechanically in the green state during plastic extrusion and tape and slip casting. The resultant weak-to-moderate textures have been identified by x-ray and neutron diffraction as preferential alignment of c axes normal to the conductor surface. Texturing gave rise to significant increases in critical current density (J/sub c/), although low specimen densities or presence of second phases limited the improvements in J/sub c/.
In-Depth Proteomic Quantification of Cell Secretome in Serum-Containing Conditioned Medium (2016)

Secreted proteins play key roles during cellular communication, proliferation, and migration. The comprehensive profiling of secreted proteins in serum-containing culture media is technically challenging. Most studies have been performed under serum-free conditions. However, these conditions might alter the status of the cells. Herein, we describe an efficient strategy that avoids the disturbance of serum by combining metabolic labeling, protein "equalization," protein fractionation, and filter-aided sample preparation, called MLEFF, enabling the identification of 534 secreted proteins from HeLa conditioned media, including 31 cytokines, and growth factors. This MLEFF strategy was also successfully applied during a comparative secretome analysis of two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with differentially metastatic potentials, enabling the quantification of 61 significantly changed proteins involved in tumor invasion and metastasis.
The Influence of Processing Parameters on the Mitigation of Deoxynivalenol during Industrial Baking (2019)

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a frequent contaminant of flour, can be partially degraded by baking. It is not clear: (i) How the choice of processing parameter (i.e., ingredients, leavening, and baking conditions) affects DON degradation and thus (ii) how much DON can be degraded during the large-scale industrial production of bakery products. Crackers, biscuits, and bread were produced from naturally contaminated flour using different processing conditions. DON degradation during baking was quantified with the most accurate analytical methodology available for this Fusarium toxin, which is based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Depending on the processing conditions, 0-21%, 4-16%, and 2-5% DON were degraded during the production of crackers, biscuits, and bread, respectively. A higher NaHCO<sub>3</sub> concentration, baking time, and baking temperature caused higher DON degradation. NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>, yeast, vinegar, and sucrose concentration as well as leavening time did not enhance DON degradation. In vitro cell viability assays confirmed that the major degradation product isoDON is considerably less toxic than DON. This proves for the first time that large-scale industrial baking results in partial detoxification of DON, which can be enhanced by process management.
Molecular diversity of the HLA‐C locus in unrelated marrow transplantation (1994)

The diversity of HLA-C exon-2 alleles in 56 HLA-A, B, DRB and DQB1-matched patient-unrelated marrow donor pairs was examined by non-cloning polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing of genomic DNA. This method allows simultaneous analysis of both alleles in heterozygous samples. All Cw5-positive individuals encoded a sequence which differed from the published Cw*0501 sequence at position 61. Among 82 samples assigned a single antigen by serologic testing, 64 (78%) were heterozygous for two distinct alleles when tested by sequencing. Cw*1202, 1601 and 15 were identified in samples for which no phenotype could be assigned (C "blank"). Finally, 7 of the 56 HLA-A, B, DRB, DQB1-matched pairs (12.5%) were mismatched for one or both HLA-C alleles. We conclude that sequence-based methods constitute the optimal strategies for typing HLA-C alleles in the unrelated marrow transplant population.
A vision-based method for the detection of missing rail fasteners (2017)

Visual inspection of rail fasteners is crucial to rail safety. However, the traditional method in which railway staffs manually inspect the conditions of fasteners is time-consuming and prone to human error. In this paper, we present a method to automatically detect missing rail fasteners from top-view images. Using a top-down approach, coarse bounding boxes of potential fastener areas are first located from the track and the tie regions with an edge density map and the RANSAC algorithm. Preprocessed with the guided filter, the region within the bounding boxes are then scanned to detect rail fasteners using PHOG features and e-SVR with RBF kernel. The boxes, in which no fasteners are found, are reported as missing fasteners. The proposed method was tested and has shown a degree of robustness in scenes from complex real-world environments with the 100% probability of detection and 3.47% probability of false alarm for missing fastener detection. The results also indicate that the use of guided filter, RBF kernel and the image pyramid technique for feature extraction significantly improves the performance of the classifier.
Large-scale monocular FastSLAM2.0 acceleration on an embedded heterogeneous architecture (2016)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is widely used in many robotic applications and autonomous navigation. This paper presents a study of FastSLAM2.0 computational complexity based on a monocular vision system. The algorithm is intended to operate with many particles in a large-scale environment. FastSLAM2.0 was partitioned into functional blocks allowing a hardware software matching on a CPU-GPGPU-based SoC architecture. Performances in terms of processing time and localization accuracy were evaluated using a real indoor dataset. Results demonstrate that an optimized and efficient CPU-GPGPU partitioning allows performing accurate localization results and high-speed execution of a monocular FastSLAM2.0-based embedded system operating under real-time constraints.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (1977)

The development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin is described. The assay, which is based on the immunological similarity between Vibrio cholerae toxin and heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin, is similar in design to a radioimmunoassay but utilizes enzyme-labeled rather than radioactive isotope-labeled reagents. The ELISA system is as sensitive as both radioimmunoassay and the y-1 adrenal cell assay for the detection of heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin but requires neither radioactive reagents nor tissue culture techniques. The ELISA is easy to perform and is adaptable for use in small laboratories.
Tutorial on multimode fiber optic wavelength division multiplexing (1982)

Optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, with signals transmitted on different wavelengths through a single optical fiber, can have increased bandwidth and fault isolation properties over single wavelength optical systems. This paper considers two WDM system designs that might be used with multimode fibers and gives a general description of the components which could be used to implement the system. The components described are sources, multiplexers, demultiplexers, and detectors. Emphasis is given to the demultiplexer technique which is the major developmental component in the WDM system.
Rollable Transparent Glass‐Fabric Reinforced Composite Substrate for Flexible Devices (2010)

A novel high-performance transparent glass-fabric reinforced composite film that can be used as a substrate for flexible devices is introduced (see Figure). The composite film exhibited a low CTE (13 ppm K−1), high optical transparency (89%), high thermal stability (378 °C) and excellent flexibility (rollable). The performance of the composite film was successfully tested by fabrication of IGZO TFT and amorphous Si-based solar cells
Bacterial bioluminescence. Quantum yields and stoichiometry of the reactants reduced flavin mononucleotide, dodecanal, and oxygen, and of a product hydrogen peroxide (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBacterial bioluminescence. Quantum yields and stoichiometry of the reactants reduced flavin mononucleotide, dodecanal, and oxygen, and of a product hydrogen peroxideJohn LeeCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 18, 3350–3359Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00768a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00768a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Omega-Shaped Inchworm-Inspired Crawling Robot With Large-Index-and-Pitch (LIP) SMA Spring Actuators (2012)

This paper proposes three design concepts for developing a crawling robot inspired by an inchworm, called the Omegabot. First, for locomotion, the robot strides by bending its body into an omega shape; anisotropic friction pads enable the robot to move forward using this simple motion. Second, the robot body is made of a single part but has two four-bar mechanisms and one spherical six-bar mechanism; the mechanisms are 2-D patterned into a single piece of composite and folded to become a robot body that weighs less than 1 g and that can crawl and steer. This design does not require the assembly of various mechanisms of the body structure, thereby simplifying the fabrication process. Third, a new concept for using a shape-memory alloy (SMA) coil-spring actuator is proposed; the coil spring is designed to have a large spring index and to work over a large pitch-angle range. This large-index-and-pitch SMA spring actuator cools faster and requires less energy, without compromising the amount of force and displacement that it can produce. Therefore, the frequency and the efficiency of the actuator are improved. A prototype was used to demonstrate that the inchworm-inspired, novel, small-scale, lightweight robot manufactured on a single piece of composite can crawl and steer.
Combined Structure-Based Pharmacophore and 3D-QSAR Studies on Phenylalanine Series Compounds as TPH1 Inhibitors (2012)

Tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin. As a neurotransmitter, serotonin plays important physiological roles both peripherally and centrally. In this study, a combination of ligand-based and structure-based methods is used to clarify the essential quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of known TPH1 inhibitors. A multicomplex-based pharmacophore (MCBP) guided method has been suggested to generate a comprehensive pharmacophore of TPH1 kinase based on three crystal structures of TPH1-inhibitor complex. This model has been successfully used to identify the bioactive conformation and align 32 structurally diverse substituted phenylalanine derivatives. The QSAR analyses have been performed on these TPH1 inhibitors based on the MCBP guided alignment. These results may provide important information for further design and virtual screening of novel TPH1 inhibitors.
Scheduling-and-Control Codesign for a Collection of Networked Control Systems With Uncertain Delays (2009)

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous stabilization of a collection of continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) plants whose feedback-control loops are closed via a shared digital communication network. Because of the limitation of communication capacity, only a limited number of controller-plant connections can be accommodated at any time instant. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully determine a scheduling policy so as to achieve a simultaneous stabilization for all these control loops. A sufficient condition on the existence of such a scheduling policy is presented for a collection of networked LTI systems with sampled-data controllers and uncertain network-induced delays. The proof for the schedulability condition is in a constructive way, which can also serve as a systematic method to design a scheduling policy. Finally, a scheduling-and-feedback-control codesign procedure is proposed for the simultaneous stabilization of the collection of networked LTI systems, and the effectiveness of the proposed codesign procedure is demonstrated with simulation results.
Sleuthing out gravitational waves (1995)

The sensing or reception of gravitational waves may deepen the understanding of the dynamics of violent events such as supernovae, exploding black holes, and the interactions between black holes and neutron stars. Because gravitation is 40 orders of magnitude weaker than the Coulomb force, the detection of gravitational waves is a huge challenge to instrument builders. The author describes the pioneering resonant bar detector and its problems, and then describes the laser interferometry approach, and in particular the Laser Interferometry Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). The proposed method of simultaneously monitoring the Doppler shift of the carrier frequency of two or more interplanetary spacecraft in order to detect gravitational waves is also discussed. The problem of sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors and its solution is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>