gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Superparamagnetic Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Core-Shell Composite Nanoparticles (2011)

The Fe3O4@SiO2 composite nanoparticles were obtained from as-synthesized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles through the modified Stöber method. Then, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4@SiO2 composite nanoparticles were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Recently, the studies focus on how to improve the dispersion of composite particle and achieve good magnetic performance. Hence effects of the volume ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and magnetite colloid on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the composite nanoparticles were systematically investi-gated. The results revealed that the Fe3O4@SiO2 had better thermal stability and dispersion than the magnetite nanoparticles. Furthermore, the particle size and magnetic property of the Fe3O4@SiO2 composite nanoparticles can be adjusted by changing the volume ratio of TEOS and magnetite colloid.
Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Groundwater Program Management Plan (1994)

The purpose of the Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., (Energy Systems) Groundwater Program Management Plan is to define the function, organizational structure (including associated matrix organizations), interfaces, roles and responsibilities, authority, and relationship to the Department of Energy for the Energy Systems Groundwater Program Office (GWPO). GWPO is charged with the responsibility of coordinating all components of the groundwater program for Energy Systems. This mandate includes activities at the three Oak Ridge facilities [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, and the Oak Ridge K-25 Site], as well as the Paducah and Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plants.
Pros and Cons of the Liposome Platform in Cancer Drug Targeting (2006)

Coating of liposomes with polyethylene-glycol (PEG) by incorporation in the liposome bilayer of PEG-derivatized lipids results in inhibition of liposome uptake by the reticulo-endothelial system and significant prolongation of liposome residence time in the blood stream. Parallel developments in drug loading technology have improved the efficiency and stability of drug entrapment in liposomes, particularly with regard to cationic amphiphiles such as anthracyclines. An example of this new generation of liposomes is a formulation of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin known as Doxil or Caelyx, whose clinical pharmacokinetic profile is characterized by slow plasma clearance and small volume of distribution. A hallmark of these long-circulating liposomal drug carriers is their enhanced accumulation in tumors. The mechanism underlying this passive targeting effect is the phenomenon known as enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) which has been described in a broad variety of experimental tumor types. Further to the passive targeting effect, the liposome drug delivery platform offers the possibility of grafting tumor-specific ligands on the liposome membrane for active targeting to tumor cells, and potentially intracellular drug delivery. The pros and cons of the liposome platform in cancer targeting are discussed vis-à-vis nontargeted drugs, using as an example a liposome drug delivery system targeted to the folate receptor.
Novel Alternative for the N<i>−</i>S Bond Formation and Its Application to the Synthesis of Benzisothiazol-3-ones (2006)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of a series of benzisothiazolone derivatives starting from the readily available methyl thiosalicylate is presented. The key cyclization step features the formation of a N-acylnitrenium ion, generated by the hypervalent iodine reagent PIFA, and its succeeding intramolecular trapping by the thiole moiety leading to the construction of the title compounds by formation of a new N-S bond.
Microcavity vacuum tube pressure sensor for robot tactile sensing (2002)

A novel microstructure pressure sensor for robot tactile sensing is currently under development. The design is based on a silicon vacuum diode configuration, which has a cold field emission cathode and a movable diaphragm anode. The cathode is a sharp tip. When a positive potential difference is applied between the cathode tip and anode, an electric field is generated at the tip that allows electrons to tunnel from inside the cathode to the vacuum outside, if it exceeds about 5*10/sup 7/ V/cm. The field at the tip and the quantity of electrons emitted or emission current are controlled by the anode potential. The anode deflects in response to differential pressure to produce current-change.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The asymmetric generalized Gaussian function: a new HOS-based model for generic noise pdfs (2002)

The work is addressed to provide realistic modelling of generic noise probability density functions (pdfs), in order to optimize signal detection in non-Gaussian environments. The target is to obtain a model depending on few parameters (quick and easy to estimate), and so general as to be able to describe many kinds of noise (e.g., symmetric or asymmetric, with variable sharpness). To this end, a new HOS-based model is introduced which derives from the generalized Gaussian function and depends on three parameters: kurtosis (fourth order), for representing variable sharpness, and left and right variances (whose combination provides the same information of skewness-third order) for describing deviation from symmetry. The model is applied in the design of a locally optimum detector test for detecting signals corrupted by real underwater acoustic noise in a low-frequency range.
Exploiting process lifetime distributions for dynamic load balancing (1997)

We consider policies for CPU load balancing in networks of workstations. We address the question of whether preemptive migration (migrating active processes) is necessary, or whether remote execution (migrating processes only at the time of birth) is sufficient for load balancing. We show that resolving this issue is strongly tied to understanding the process lifetime distribution. Our measurements indicate that the distribution of lifetimes for a UNIX process is Pareto (heavy-tailed), with a consistent functional form over a variety of workloads. We show how to apply this distribution to derive a preemptive migration policy that requires no hand-tuned parameters. We used a trace-driven simulation to show that our preemptive migration strategy is far more effective than remote execution, even when the memory transfer cost is high.
Induction of Extracellular Matrix-Remodeling Genes by the Senescence-Associated Protein APA-1 (2002)

Human fibroblasts undergo cellular senescence after a finite number of divisions, in response to the erosion of telomeres. In addition to being terminally arrested in the cell cycle, senescent fibroblasts express genes that are normally induced upon wounding, including genes that remodel the extracellular matrix. We have identified the novel zinc finger protein APA-1, whose expression increased in senescent human fibroblasts independent of telomere shortening. Extended passage, telomerase-immortalized fibroblasts had increased levels of APA-1 as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16. In fibroblasts, APA-1 was modified by the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1, which increased APA-1 half-life, possibly by blocking ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Overexpression of APA-1 did not cause cell cycle arrest; but, it induced transcription of the extracellular matrix-remodeling genes MMP1 and PAI2, which are associated with fibroblast senescence. MMP1 and PAI2 transcript levels also increased in telomerase-immortalized fibroblasts that had high levels of APA-1, demonstrating that the matrix-remodeling phenotype of senescent fibroblasts was not induced by telomere attrition alone. APA-1 was able to transactivate and bind to the MMP1 promoter, suggesting that APA-1 is a transcription factor that regulates expression of matrix-remodeling genes during fibroblast senescence.
Eräiden vehnälajien siemenjuurien lukumäärästä (1963)

Aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa on tämän kirjoituksen laatija (4) osoittanut, että siemenjuurien lukumäärällä on merkitystä taimien kehitykselle. Tästä syystä on katsottu tärkeäksi valaista kysymystä, missä määrin eri viljelykasveissa mahdollisesti on todettavissa tämän ominaisuuden muuntelua. Tekijä on suorittanut tutkimuksia vehnän sukuun kuuluvien lajien siemenjuurien lukumäärän eroavuuksista. Siemenjuurien lukumäärä vehnissä vaihtelee kirjallisuuden mukaan rajoissa 2.2–8.0 (1, 5, 6, 7).
Direct <i>In situ</i> Observation of Li<sub>2</sub>O Evolution on Li-Rich High-Capacity Cathode Material, Li[Ni<sub><i>x</i></sub>Li<sub>(1–2<i>x</i>)/3</sub>Mn<sub>(2–<i>x</i>)/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤0.5) (2013)

High-capacity layered, lithium-rich oxide cathodes show great promise for use as positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Understanding the effects of oxygen activating reactions on the cathode's surface during electrochemical cycling can lead to improvements in stability and performance. We used in situ surfaced-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to observe the oxygen-related surface reactions that occur during electrochemical cycling on lithium-rich cathodes. Here, we demonstrate the direct observation of Li2O formation during the extended plateau and discuss the consequences of its formation on the cathode and anode. The formation of Li2O on the cathode leads to the formation of species related to the generation of H2O together with LiOH and to changes within the electrolyte, which eventually result in diminished performance. Protection from, or mitigation of, such devastating surface reactions on both electrodes will be necessary to help realize the potential of high-capacity cathode materials (270 mAhg(-1) versus 140 mAhg(-1) for LiCoO2) for practical applications.
An Intrusion-Tolerant Security Server for an Open Distributed System. (1990)

This paper describes a new approach for security in open distributed systems. This approach is currently developed in the framework of the Delta 4 project. After a few reminders about two existing distributed security architectures, the proposed &quot;intrusion-tolerant&quot; approach is specified. It is based on a fragmentation-scattering technique applied to a security server running on several security sites. These sites are such that intrusions into a number of sites less than a given threshold have no consequence on the global security. The different security services provided are then presented together with a proposed multi-categories discretionary policy.
Choice of law by the parties untuk kontrak kontrak dagang internasional (2004)

Intisari\nDalam rangka memberikan rasa keadilan kepada pihak-pihak yang mengadakan kontrak dagang internasional, penentuan hukum yang berlaku untuk kontrak diserahkan kepada pilihan para pihak (choice of law by the parties). Tentu saja kebebasan memilih ini tidak sebebas-bebasnya tetapi ada batasannya. Namun dalam praktik kebebasan untuk memilih\nsering tidak dipergunakan, sehingga hakim yang menentukan hukum yang berlaku untuk kontrak tersebut (choice of law by the judge).\nUntuk menentukan hukum yang berlaku, hakim menggunakan azas-azas hukum atau teori teori hukum yang dianut di negara mereka, yang masing-masing mempunyai kelemahannya sendiri-sendiri, sehingga kepastian hukum sukar dicapai. Dari beberapa teori yang dapat dipergunakan oleh hakim, teori the most characteristic connection dianggap sebagai teori yang lebih baik, mudah penerapannya dan lebih memberikan kepastian hukum. Teori ini pula yang diadaptasi Rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Indonesia dalam menentukan hukum yang berlaku untuk bentuk-bentuk perjanjian tertentu.
Peer Review in a Post-Eprints World: A Proposal (2000)

Recently, a number of electronic biomedical preprints servers, which allow the archiving of electronic papers without prior peer review, have been established, most notably the Clinical Medicine & Health Research NetPrints website and the The Lancet's Electronic Research Archive. These mark an extension to clinical medicine and health research of a novel experiment in the provision of public access to electronic versions of preprints. However, until now the biomedical community has been slow to adopt this new form of communication. This paper discusses how the value and attractiveness of eprint servers can be improved, and how electronic preprints (eprints, NetPrints) can be evaluated. Previous studies of variations in rejection rates after conventional peer review have indicated that the extent of scholarly consensus is an important variable for acceptance. This variable seems likely also to be important in readers' and editors' evaluations of eprints. A combination of unsolicited comments together with commissioned review might yield articles of higher quality than either could accomplish alone. However, if systematically applied to all eprints, such a process would be time-consuming and labor-intensive. A sequential review process is proposed, beginning with the acceptance of a preprint by an eprint server, followed by revision on the basis of comments received publicly or privately, and by the solicitation of selected eprints for commissioned review. This sequential process could have advantages, both for the authors of articles, and for journal editors. For example, the eprint would, in effect, have been submitted simultaneously to a large number of relevant journals. Some issues about evaluative studies of the outcomes of eprint submissions are also considered briefly. It would be particularly valuable if every eprint server included access to comparative statistics on visits by readers to individual eprints.
Thrombomodulin in the central nervous system. (1991)

Thrombomodulin (TM), a thrombin receptor, present on the endothelial surface of blood vessels is a major anticoagulant proteoglycan. In this work the presence of TM antigen in the human brain and in the whole central nervous system of calves was investigated by immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies against human and bovine TM. When TM antigen was well preserved by immediate fixation on frozen tissues, TM was found present in the brain vessels of all human surgical specimens examined as well as in the whole vasculature of the calf central nervous system (CNS), from the medulla to the cortex. Moreover, even without immediate fixation, TM antigen was always found on the surface of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavity: on the arachnoid and on the inner aspect of the dura mater in humans and in calves. This suggests that the proteolytic enzymes responsible for the cleavage of TM from the endothelium are not present in the CSF and in the meningeal cells. The results reported here emphasize the importance of TM in the CNS as protecting, by its antithrombogenicity, a free circulation of blood and CSF in normal and even more, in pathological situations in which the permeability of the meningeal barrier increases.
Differences in physicochemical and antigenic properties of chlamydial strains (1976)

Antigenic analysis of Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, and Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) revealed basic physicochemical differences among the three chlamydial strains. These were manifested in structural, isoelectric points, absorption spectra, and in the characteristics of the chromophobe-containing proteins. The effective period of sonication for C. psittaci and C. trachomatis is around 60 min during which the linkages most susceptible to external sonication forces were broken, releasing all attainable cellular components. Denaturation studies demonstrated that less than 50% of protein content of C. psittaci was denatured after 1 h of sonication, only 5% in the case of C. trachomatis. The protein and carbohydrate content of the most reactive fractions in macrophage-spreading inhibition test were different for LGV and C. trachomatis. The structural differences appear to determine the antigenic properties observed among the chlamydial strains as well as the specificity and probably the mechanisms (s) of cellular immune reactivity to Chlamydiae. This in turn may explain the failure of chlamydial vaccines, prepared from stock strains, to protect immunized children against 'wild' chlamydial strains.
Activity-Based Labeling of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Living Vertebrate Embryos (2012)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a physiologically and developmentally essential process mediated by a family of zinc-dependent extracellular proteases called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition to complex transcriptional control, MMPs are subject to extensive post-translational regulation. Because of this, classical biochemical, molecular and histological techniques that detect the expression of specific gene products provide useful but limited data regarding the biologically relevant activity of MMPs. Using benzophenone-bearing hydroxamate-based probes that interact with the catalytic zinc ion in MMPs, active proteases can be covalently 'tagged' by UV cross-linking. This approach has been successfully used to tag MMP-2 in vitro in tissue culture supernatants, and we show here that this probe tags proteins with mobilities consistent with known MMPs and detectable gelatinolytic activity in homogenates of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, because of the transparency of the zebrafish embryo, UV-photocroslinking can be accomplished in vivo, and rhodamated benzophenone probe is detected in striking spatial patterns consistent with known distributions of active matrix remodeling in embryos. Finally, in metamorphosing Xenopus tadpoles, this probe can be used to biotinylate active MMP-2 by injecting it and cross-linking it in vivo, allowing the protein to be subsequently extracted and biochemically identified.
Renovation Can Double Pasture Production (1955)

Renovation is often recommended as the best method for improving pastures. Results of long-time studies are now available where renovated pastures have been compared with unimproved pastures in southern Iowa.
Transition Metal Rimmed-Calixresorcinarene Complexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal Rimmed-Calixresorcinarene ComplexesWei Xu, Jonathon P. Rourke, Jagadese J. Vittal, and Richard J. PuddephattCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 1, 323–329Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00105a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Interfering with Apoptosis: Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Binding Protein ALG-2 and Alzheimer's Disease Gene <i>ALG-3</i> (1996)

Two apoptosis-linked genes, named ALG-2 and ALG-3, were identified by means of a functional selection strategy. ALG-2 codes for a Ca(2+)-binding protein required for T cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced cell death. ALG-3, a partial complementary DNA that is homologous to the familial Alzheimer's disease gene STM2, rescues a T cell hybridoma from T cell receptor- and Fas-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that ALG-2 may mediate Ca(2+)-regulated signals along the death pathway and that cell death may play a role in Alzheimer's disease.
Impact of Frequency Selective Channels on a Line-of-Sight MIMO Microwave Radio Link (2010)

Two line-of-sight (LoS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems for point-to-point microwave radio links are simulated and analyzed. Both 2 × 2 spatially-separated, single-polarized and 4 × 4 spatially-separated, dual-polarized systems are considered in the presence of a frequency selective and time varying channel. Time dependence is introduced by moving the antennas during the simulation and thereby introducing the need for an adaptive space-time-equalizer (STE). Our results indicate that a time-varying frequency selective LoS MIMO channel puts higher requirements on the STE and introduces a higher SNR penalty compared to a single-input single-output (SISO) system.
The Chemistry of Alkyl Iodides on Copper Surfaces. 2. Influence of Surface Structure on Reactivity (1999)

The thermal chemistry of iodomethane, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, and 2-iodohexane on copper (100), (110), and (111) single-crystal surfaces was characterized in this and previous studies by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectroscopy. The main decomposition pathway available to the methyl surface moiety that results from C−I bond activation in adsorbed iodomethane is α-hydride elimination to methylene, a step that occurs around 460−470 K on all three surfaces. Some methylene dimerization to ethane is also seen at higher coverages, at a rate that depends significantly on surface structure; ethane desorption peaks at 400 K on Cu(110), but only above 440 K on Cu(100) and Cu(111). Ethyl groups produced by iodoethane decomposition react at much lower temperatures and mostly undergo β-hydride elimination to ethylene. The ethyl dehydrogenation reaction is structure sensitive as well, a fact illustrated by the different ethylene desorption peak maxima observed in the TPD experiments, at 225, 247, and 255 K on Cu(110), Cu(111), and Cu(100), respectively (at saturation). Perhaps the more telling observations are the difference in feasibility of H−D scrambling in the ethylene resulting from conversion of a 1:1 mixture of normal and perdeutero iodoethane, a reaction viable on Cu(100) but not on Cu(110), and the 10-fold difference in ethane yield between those two crystals. Additional studies with 1-iodopropane and 1-iodobutane provided some information on the effect of chain length on reactivity, and experiments with 2-iodohexane attested to the high selectivity for removal of internal hydrogen atoms during β-hydride elimination from alkyl species.
Serological and virological investigations of an equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) abortion storm on a stud farm in 1985. (1987)

An extensive outbreak of EHV-1 abortions occurred on a stud farm in England in 1985. Of the 67 pregnant mares present on the stud farm, 31 were challenged with EHV-1, resulting in the loss of 22 fetuses or foals. Laboratory investigations revealed that the spread of the virus closely followed movement of apparently healthy mares (during the incubation period of the infection). During the outbreak mares were challenged 1-4 months before the expected foaling date. There was no relationship between the gestational age at the time of challenge and the subsequent outcome of infection in terms of abortion. The period between the estimated date of infection and abortion varied between 9 days and 4 months. Virus was isolated from the nasopharynx of 3 apparently healthy foals born during the outbreak.