gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Thin Thermal SiO2 Grown Using HCl and 1,1,1 Trichloroethane (TCA) (1985)

and 1,1,1 trichloroethane (TCA) were used as chlorine sources for the growth of thin (≤ 150Å) oxides. The resultant oxides were compared for , breakdown voltage (both ac and dc), tertiary breakdown fractions, C‐V shifts, and leakage current. The total C‐V shift at flatband was more than twice as large for the TCA oxides as for the oxides though , the average breakdown voltage, tertiary breakdown fractions, and leakage current were comparable for the two chlorine sources. The breakdown and C‐V shift distributions were tighter for the oxides.
Noncoherent Short Packet Detection and Decoding for Scatter Radio Sensor Networking (2017)

Scatter radio, i.e., communication by means of reflection, has been recently proposed as a promising technology for low-power wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, this paper offers noncoherent receivers in scatter radio frequency-shift keying, for either channel-coded or uncoded scatter radio reception, in order to eliminate the need for training bits of coherent schemes (for channel estimation) at the packet preamble. Noncoherent symbol-by-symbol and sequence detectors based on hybrid composite hypothesis test (HCHT) and generalized likelihood-ratio test, for the uncoded case and noncoherent decoders based on HCHT, for small block-length channel codes, are derived. Performance comparison under Rician, Rayleigh, or no fading, taking into account fixed energy budget per packet is presented. It is shown that the performance gap between coherent and noncoherent reception depends on whether channel codes are employed, the fading conditions (e.g., Rayleigh versus Rician versus no fading), as well as the utilized coding interleaving depth; the choice of one coding scheme over the other depends on the wireless fading parameters and the design choice for extra diversity versus extra power gain. Finally, experimental outdoor results at 13-dBm transmission power corroborate the practicality of the proposed noncoherent detection and decoding techniques for scatter radio WSNs.
A Critique of Judicial Supremacy (1991)

During Reconstruction, while the defeated Southern states remained unrepresented in Congress, 23 the Northern electorate's "Congress" passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 toward ensuring that its own notions of racial justice governed the entire nation. 24 With Southern participation, the legislation probably could not have been passed. 2 5In enacting the bill without the participation of the Southern states, a majority among the Northern electorate determined that their values of racial justice were more important than was their white Southern neighbors' right to shape public policy.But the North's Republican majority faced a problem.With the prospect of Southern readmission to Congress, many Northerners feared that they would lose their status as an unchallenged congressional majority governing issues of racial morality.Racial justice would again become a matter for open conflict and accommodation with the South, as it had been before the Civil War. 2 6 The Civil Rights Act of 1866 might be eroded. 2 7Addi-23.The 11 rebel states regained representation in Congress only after ratification of the fourteenth amendment in 1868.See
The logic of bugs (2002)

Real-life bugs are successful because of their unfailing ability to adapt. In particular this applies to their ability to adapt to strategies that are meant to eradicate them as a species. Software bugs have some of these same traits. We will discuss these traits, and consider what we can do about them.
Practical ReProCS for Separating Sparse and Low-dimensional Signal Sequences from their Sum (2013)

This paper designs and evaluates a practical algorithm, called practical recursive projected compressive sensing (Prac-ReProCS), for recovering a time sequence of sparse vectors $S_t$ and a time sequence of dense vectors $L_t$ from their sum, $M_t:= S_t + L_t$, when any subsequence of the $L_t$'s lies in a slowly changing low-dimensional subspace. A key application where this problem occurs is in video layering where the goal is to separate a video sequence into a slowly changing background sequence and a sparse foreground sequence that consists of one or more moving regions/objects. Prac-ReProCS is a practical modification of its theoretical counterpart which was analyzed in our recent work. Experimental comparisons demonstrating the advantage of the approach for both simulated and real videos are shown. Extension to the undersampled case is also developed.
Steroids: pharmacology, complications, and practice delivery issues. (2014)

Practitioners must be aware that these drugs might exacerbate a preexisting condition or present a new medical condition. Knowledge of the clinical implications of prescribing these agents is critical.
The history of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing [History of Communications] (2009)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of those ideas that had been building for a very long time, and became a practical reality when the appearance of mass market applications coincided with the availability of efficient software and electronic technologies. This article describes the background and some of the striking early development of OFDM, with explanation of the motivations for using it. The author presume a broad definition of OFDM as frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) in which subchannels overlap without interfering. It does not not necessarily require the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or its fast Fourier transform (FFT) computational method.
Press Forming of Coated Steel (2006)

Abstract This article provides an overview of some common sheet steel coatings available. It discusses the formability differences between coated and bare steel and provides some general guidelines on the forming of coated steels. Coated steels are classified according to the nature of the substrate, the type of coating, and the method used for its application. The article describes various coating types for steels such as zinc-coated steels, aluminum-coated steels, tin-coated steels, terne-coated steels, and organic-coated steels.
Identification Technology Research on AES for Automobile Keyless System (2010)

A new identification system has been developed to secure keyless entry system for automobile. This system uses AES-128 and mutual authentication with derived key. The card transponder is used without contact, the user does not have to take it out for usage because the signal transmission is effected by inductive coupling between the card and the transponder system and it is actuated without manipulation of the card. By putting the ignition key in the ignition lock, the electronic motor is enabled and the authentication starts and continues till the engine shuts down.
Bacterial Contamination of Platelets and Septic Transfusions: Review of the Literature and Discussion on Recent Patents About Biofilm Treatment (2010)

In spite of the improvements in transfusion safety occurred in the last decades, platelet septic transfusions still represent a cause for concern. Microbial screening of blood products cannot ensure transfusion sterility, so that pathogen inactivation methods and a timely management of infectious events actually play the most relevant role. Biofilm production has been associated to several human illnesses; also, it promotes bacterial adherence to platelet bags and colonization of recipient's catheter after transfusion. Therefore, facing biofilm communities is required to reduce the contamination risk and the occurrence of post-infusion events. In this context, the use of tigecycline as a wide-spectrum antibiofilm drug is discussed, along with recent patents about biofilm treatment by quorum-sensing blockers, bacteriophage-based therapy and antibiofilm oral compounds.
Ancient History of Hospitals (2020)

The history of medicine and different healing therapies have been extensively studied and published, but the history of ‘Hospitals’ or the place where these healing activities were actually carried out, often escapes attention of medical historians. In this review article the author have presented a lucid account of the Ancient History of Hospitals from approx. 6500 BC to 650 AD. Beginning with the etymological investigation of the word ‘Hospital’, the author describes in detail the Neolithic ‘Cave Hospitals’, Ancient Indian ‘Ayurvedic Medical Schools’ of Takshila and Kasi, the Buddhist ‘Monastic Hospitals’ in Srilanka, Mesopotamian ‘House of Life & Healing’, Tibet’s ‘Palace hospitals’, Greek Temple Hospitals ‘Asclepeions’, Roman Military Hospitals ‘Valetudinaria’, Medicity ‘Basilias’, and ‘Bimaristans’ of Gondeshapur. This endeavour reviews the ancient history of hospitals to highlight the charisma of the past ‘achievements’ in an innovative style and through a new paradigm.
Semi-automatic video object segmentation in the presence of occlusion (2000)

We describe a semi-automatic approach for segmenting a video sequence into spatio-temporal video objects in the presence of occlusion. Motion and shape of each video object is represented by a 2-D mesh. Assuming that the boundary of an object of interest is interactively marked on some keyframes, the proposed method finds the boundary of the object in all other frames automatically by tracking the 2-D mesh representation of the object in both forward and backward directions. A key contribution of the proposed method is automatic detection of covered and uncovered regions at each frame, and assignment of pixels in the uncovered regions to the object or background based on color and motion similarity. Experimental results are presented on two MPEG-4 test sequences and the resulting segmentations are evaluated both visually and quantitatively.
Influence of globin structures on the state of the heme. IV. Ferrous low spin derivatives (1976)

Studies of high spin ferrous and ferric derivatives led us to conclude that in the quaternary R structure the state of the hemes is similar to that in the free alpha and beta subunits, but in the T structure a tension acts on the hemes which tries to pull the iron and the proximal histidine further from the plane of the porphyrin. We have now studied the effect of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) on the three low spin ferrous compounds of hemoglobin with O2, CO, and NO. IHP failed to switch the quaternary structure of carbonmonoxy- and oxyhemoglobin A to the T state, but merely caused a transition to an as yet undefined modification of the R structure. IHP is known to cause a switch to the T structure in hemoglobin Kansas. We have found that this switch induces red shifts of the visible alpha and beta absorption bands and the appearance of a shoulder on the red side of the alpha band; these changes are very weak in carbonmonoxy- and slightly stronger in oxyhemoglobin Kansas. As already noted by previous authors, addition of IHP to nitrosylhemoglobin A induces all the changes in uv absorption and CD spectra, sulfhydryl reactivities, and exchangeable proton resonances normally associated with the R leads to T transition, and is accompanied by large changes in the Soret and visible absorption bands. Experiments with nitrosyl hybrids show that these changes in absorption are caused predominantly by the hemes in the alpha subunits. In the accompanying paper Maxwell and Caughey (J. C. Maxwell and W. S. Caughey (1976), Biochemistry, following paper in this issue) report that the NO in nitrosylhemoglobin without IHP gives a single ir stretching frequency characteristic for six-coordinated nitrosyl hemes; addition of IHP causes the appearance of a second ir band, of intensity equal to that of the first, which is characteristic for five-coordinated nitrosyl hemes. Taken together, these results show that the R leads to T transition causes either a rupture or at least a very dramatic stretching of the bond from the iron to the heme-linked histidine, such that an equilibrium is set up between five- and six-coordinated hemes, biased toward five-coordinated hemes in the alpha and six-coordinated ones in the beta subunits. The reason why IHP can switch nitrosyl-, but not carbonmonoxy- or oxyhemoglobin A, from the R to the T structure is to be found in the weakening of the iron-histidine bond by the unpaired NO electron and by the very short Fe-NO bond length.
A radioisotopic tracer method for measurement of solids concentration in a settling bed of solids (1986)

Abstract A new and improved radiotracer technique provides information on both the particulate concentration and the movement during sedimentation of monodispersed and binary mixtures. In studies of sedimentation with 44 and 62 μm ion exchange particles, several solids concentrations, three fluid viscosities, and three mixtures with different ratios of the two size particles, the results all lie close to a correlation proposed by Richardson and Zaki.
Three Distinct Classes of the α-Subunit of the Nuclear Pore-targeting Complex (Importin-α) Are Differentially Expressed in Adult Mouse Tissues (1999)

The process of active nuclear protein transport is mediated by the nuclear localization signal (NLS). An NLS-containing karyophile forms a stable complex, termed the nuclear pore-targeting complex, to target nuclear pores. The alpha-subunit of the complex (importin-alpha) binds to the NLS and the beta-subunit (importin-beta) carries the alpha-subunit, bound to the NLS substrate, into the nucleus. To date, five mouse alpha-subunits have been identified and classified into three subfamilies (alpha-P, alpha-Q, and alpha-S). The expression of these alpha-subunits and the beta-subunit in various adult mouse tissues was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for each subfamily of the alpha-subunit or the beta-subunit. The beta-subunit was found to be ubiquitously expressed, whereas each subfamily of the alpha-subunit showed a unique expression pattern in various tissues, especially in brain and testis. In brain, the expression of alpha-P was not observed, whereas alpha-S was significantly expressed in Purkinje cells, and pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In testis, alpha-P was expressed predominantly in primary spermatocytes, whereas alpha-Q was found mainly in Leydig cells. Expression of alpha-S was detected in almost all cells in convoluted seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells to a similar extent. These results suggest that nuclear protein import may be controlled in a tissue-specific manner by alpha-subunit family proteins.
Dressing percentage, gross body composition and caloric value of the roe-deer (1973)

Zbadano wydajność poubojową, skład ciała i wartość energetyczną 8 osobników sarn, Capreolus capreolus (L.), ubitych w ciągu zimy 1971 i 1972 na terenie woj. krakowskiego (Tabela 1). Tusze sarn rozbierano metodą Pálssona (1939) (Fig. 1). Wydajność poubojową (stosunek ciężaru obu półtusz do całkowitego ciężaru ciała, wyrażony w %) osiąga u osobników dorosłych 65,1%, zaś u młodych 58,7% (Tabela 2).
Measuring and Managing Returns from Retailer-Customized Coupon Campaigns (2011)

The authors assess how and why retailer-customized coupon campaigns affect customer purchases. The conceptual model proposes effects on trip incidence and revenues through the mere exposure to campaigns (exposure effect) and the redemption of coupons (redemption effect). The authors propose monetary savings of the coupons, regularity of the campaigns, and coupon fit with customer preferences as moderators. Analysis of data from a group of regional grocery chains that were part of a quasi experiment demonstrates that retailer-customized coupon campaigns have a positive exposure and redemption effect on customer purchases. Mere exposure to customized coupon campaigns contributes more than coupon redemption to campaign returns. Consistent with theoretical expectations, customized coupon campaigns are more effective if they provide more discounts, are unexpected, and are positioned as specially selected for and customized to consumer preferences. The substantial exposure effects suggest that managers should look beyond redemption rates and also consider sales lift from nonredeemers when measuring the effectiveness of customized coupon campaigns.
Broadcast video streaming in cellular networks: An adaptation framework for channel, video and AL-FEC rates allocation (2010)

Video streaming is one of the most important applications that will make use of the high data rates offered by 4G networks. The current video transport techniques are already very advanced, and the more immediate problems lie in the joint optimization of video coding, AL-FEC, and PHY rate selection
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>as a vector for tumor-associated antigens for cancer immunotherapy (2006)

As a facultative intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes has adapted to live within the cytosol of the host cell. It is actively taken up by antigen-presenting cells through phagocytosis, and as Listeria survive within these cells, it is an ideal vector for the delivery of antigens to be processed and presented through both the class I and II antigen-processing pathways. Once phagocytosed, Listeria produces virulence factors within the phagolysosome of the host cell, which allows it to break out of this organelle and live in the host cytosol. It is possible that these virulence factors can enhance the immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens, which are poorly immunogenic. Recent progress in the development of this bacterium as a vaccine vector for tumor-associated antigens is discussed in the context of bacterial vectors in general. In several mouse models, Listeria-based vaccines have been demonstrated to be an effective method of influencing tumor growth and eliciting potent antitumor immune responses. Safety issues and the transition of Listeria into human clinical trials will also be discussed in this review.
Co-crystal Solubility and Thermodynamic Stability (2011)

Co-crystals play a significant role in solving bioavailability problems because they have the ability to fine tune solubility and delivery of drugs. Understanding the link between the structure/composition of co-crystals and their solution properties is important, so that co-crystal and formulation conditions can be selected on a rational basis. This chapter presents the thermodynamic factors that influence co-crystal solubility, the parameters that determine co-crystal stability, and experimental methods that overcome the difficulties of co-crystal conversion to less soluble phases.
Subcarrier and power allocation in OFDMA systems (2005)

In this paper, we suggest subcarrier and power allocation algorithms to maximise rate-sum capacity in downlink and uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems. The optimization problems for both links can be formulated with the same constraints other than the power constraints. For the downlink, it can be proved to be an optimal solution that each subcarrier is allocated to the user with the best channel condition whose power is determined by water-filling over subcarriers. A practical greedy subcarrier and iterative power allocation algorithm is proposed for the optimality. For the uplink, due to distributive power constraints in the optimization problem formulation, the optimal solution cannot be explicitly obtained. Thus, we propose efficient resource allocation schemes from the necessary conditions for optimal solutions: the subcarrier allocation based on water-filling. Simulations are intended to provide its superiority to various implementations in terms of the achieved capacity.
Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution in the treatment of infants with bronchiolitis (2012)

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution in the treatment of infants with bronchiolitis.Methods One hundred and ninty-two children with bronchiolitis were randomly divided into two groups,96 cases in the control group were given anti-infection,anti-cough,phlegm,sputum,atomization,oxygen therapy and other conventional treatment; 96 cases in the treatment group were given ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution on the basis of conventional therapy.The curative effect were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group was 95.8％,and 62.5％ in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =12.34,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the adverse effects of the two groups.Conclusions Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution can effectively improve the clinical symptoms such as cough,expectoration in infants with bronchiolitis,accelerated the lung rale absorption,shorten hospital stay,with obvious curative effect,and is safe and reliable.

Key words: 
Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution; Infants; Bronchiolitis; Curative effect
Self-organized dynamic Huffman coding without frequency counts (2002)

Summary form only given. Dynamic Huffman coding uses a binary code tree data structure to encode the relative frequency counts of the symbols being coded. The authors aim is to obtain a simple and practical statistical algorithm in order to improve the processing speed while maintaining a high compression ratio. The algorithm proposed uses a self-organizing rule (transpose heuristic) to reconstruct the code tree. It renews the code tree by only switching the ordered positions of corresponding symbols. This method is called self organized dynamic Huffman coding. To achieve a higher compression ratio they employ context modelling.
<i>SPK1</i> Is an Essential S-Phase-Specific Gene of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> That Encodes a Nuclear Serine/Threonine/Tyrosine Kinase (1993)

SPK1 was originally discovered in an immunoscreen for tyrosine-protein kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have used biochemical and genetic techniques to investigate the function of this gene and its encoded protein. Hybridization of an SPK1 probe to an ordered genomic library showed that SPK1 is adjacent to PEP4 (chromosome XVI L). Sporulation of spk1/+ heterozygotes gave rise to spk1 spores that grew into microcolonies but could not be further propagated. These colonies were greatly enriched for budded cells, especially those with large buds. Similarly, eviction of CEN plasmids bearing SPK1 from cells with a chromosomal SPK1 disruption yielded viable cells with only low frequency. Spk1 protein was identified by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. It was associated with protein-Ser, Thr, and Tyr kinase activity in immune complex kinase assays. Spk1 was localized to the nucleus by immunofluorescence. The nucleotide sequence of the SPK1 5' noncoding region revealed that SPK1 contains two MluI cell cycle box elements. These elements confer S-phase-specific transcription to many genes involved in DNA synthesis. Northern (RNA) blotting of synchronized cells verified that the SPK1 transcript is coregulated with other MluI box-regulated genes. The SPK1 upstream region also includes a domain highly homologous to sequences involved in induction of RAD2 and other excision repair genes by agents that induce DNA damage. spk1 strains were hypersensitive to UV irradiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that SPK1 is a dual-specificity (Ser/Thr and Tyr) protein kinase that is essential for viability. The cell cycle-dependent transcription, presence of DNA damage-related sequences, requirement for UV resistance, and nuclear localization of Spk1 all link this gene to a crucial S-phase-specific role, probably as a positive regulator of DNA synthesis.