gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Protein Fouling on Polymeric Membranes Using Ultrasonic Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (2011)

Novel signal-processing protocols were used to extend the in situ sensitivity of ultrasonic frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR) for real-time monitoring of microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling during protein purification. Different commercial membrane materials, with a nominal pore size of 0.2 µm, were challenged using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and amylase as model proteins. Fouling induced by these proteins was observed in flat-sheet membrane filtration cells operating in a laminar cross-flow regime. The detection of membrane-associated proteins using UFDR was determined by applying rigorous statistical methodology to reflection spectra of ultrasonic signals obtained during membrane fouling. Data suggest that the total power reflected from membrane surfaces changes in response to protein fouling at concentrations as low as 14 μg/cm2, and results indicate that ultrasonic spectra can be leveraged to detect and monitor protein fouling on commercial MF membranes.
Extreme Dunkelung von Glasmalereien (1986)

The transparency of mediaeval glass windows is so greatly impaired in some cases by layers of corrosion products formed on the surfaces that the original colours of the glasses can no longer be recognized. The origin of these effects has been investigated with the aid of EMPA and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The cracks and defects in the corrosion layer can become enriched in manganese compounds. The reduction of Mn (III) and Mn (IV) compounds to Mn (II) by means of hydrazine hydroxide improves the transparency considerably. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that the reduction of Fe (III) did not occur. The Mn (II) compounds can be dissolved out of the surface layers in an acid medium and this can produce a significant brightening of the glass painting.
Practical test kits for quantitatively evaluating the sense of smell. (1983)

A set of polypropylene squeeze-bottles, containing serial dilutions of pyridine in mineral oil, are used to deliver puffs of accurately odorized air to the nose. The patient's olfactory threshold can be quantitatively measured in a few minutes, and placed in the normal, hyposmic or hyperosmic range of sensitivity.
The HS:19 serostrain of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>has a hyaluronic acid‐type capsular polysaccharide with a nonstoichiometric sorbose branch and<i>O</i>‐methyl phosphoramidate group (2006)

A recent study that examined multiple strains of Campylobacter jejuni reported that HS:19, a serostrain that has been associated with the onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome, had unidentified labile, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) structures. In this study, we expand on this observation by using current glyco-analytical technologies to characterize these unknown groups. Capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization MS and NMR analysis with a cryogenically cooled probe (cold probe) of CPS purified using a gentle enzymatic method revealed a hyaluronic acid-type [-4)-beta-D-GlcA6NGro-(1-3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1-]n repeating unit, where NGro is 2-aminoglycerol. A labile alpha-sorbofuranose branch located at C2 of GlcA was determined to have the L configuration using a novel pyranose oxidase assay and is the first report of this sugar in a bacterial glycan. A labile O-methyl phosphoramidate group, CH3OP(O)(NH2)(OR) (MeOPN), was found at C4 of GlcNAc. Structural heterogeneity of the CPS was due to nonstoichiometric glycosylation with sorbose at C2 of GlcA and the nonstoichiometric, variably methylated phosphoramidate group. Examination of whole bacterial cells using high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR revealed that the MeOPN group is a prominent feature on the cell surface for this serostrain. These results are reminiscent of those in the 11168 and HS:1 strains and suggest that decoration of CPS with nonstoichiometric elements such as keto sugars and the phosphoramidate is a common mechanism used by this bacterium to produce a structurally complex surface glycan from a limited number of genes. The findings of this work with the HS:19 serostrain now present a means to explore the role of CPS as a virulence factor in C. jejuni.
Multi-scale 3D characterisation of porosity and organic matter in shales with variable TOC content and thermal maturity: Examples from the Lublin and Baltic Basins, Poland and Lithuania (2017)

Understanding the distribution of pores and organic matter with varying organic matter concentrations and maturity is essential to understanding fluid flow in shale systems. Analysis of samples with low, medium, and high total organic carbon (TOC) and varying maturities (gas-mature and oil-mature) enables the impact of both organic matter concentrations and thermal maturation on organic matter porosity to be examined. Three gas-mature samples of varying TOC (Lublin Basin) and one oil-mature sample (Baltic Basin), both with similar mineral compositions, were selected from the same formation. Samples were imaged in 3D over four orders of magnitudes (pixel sizes from 44 μm to 5 nm). A combination of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and Focus Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) enabled the morphologic and topological characteristics of minerals, organic matter and pores to be imaged and quantified. In the studied samples, organic matter primarily has two geometries: lamellar masses (length: 1–100 μm, thickness: 0.5–2.0 μm) and discrete spheroidal particles (0.5–20.0 μm). Organic matter forms an inter-connected network where it exceeds a concentration between 6 and 18 wt%. Different pore types have different diameters and total pore volumes: inter-mineral pores (0.2 μm, 10–94%), organic interface pores (0.2 μm, 2–77%), intra-organic pores (0.05 μm, 1–40%) and intra-mineral pores (0.05 μm diameter, 1–2% of total porosity). The major pore system in the studied shales is composed of inter-mineral pores which occur between clay mineral grains. TOC concentration influences the total volume of organic matter-related pores while maturity controls the presence of intra-organic pores. The study improves the understanding of the relationship of organic matter concentrations, maturity and pore systems in shales. This study characterises porosity and organic matter distributions in 3D; it also improves the understanding of the relationship of organic matter concentrations, maturity and pore systems in shales.
Refinement of the multiple exostoses locus (EXT2) to a 3-cM interval on chromosome 11. (1995)

Hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by the formation of multiple exostoses on the long bones. EXT is genetically heterogeneous, with at least three loci involved: one (EXT1) in the Langer-Giedion region on 8q23-q24, a second (EXT2) in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 11, and a third (EXT3) on chromosome 19p. In this study, linkage analysis in seven extended EXT families, all linked to the EXT2 locus, refined the localization of the EXT2 gene to a 3-cM region flanked by D11S1355 and D11S1361/D11S554. This implies that the EXT2 gene is located at the short arm of chromosome 11, in band 11p11-p12. The refined localization of EXT2 excludes a number of putative candidate genes located in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 11 and facilitates the process of isolating the EXT2 gene.
A Procedure for Acetate Pyrolysis. The Preparation of 2-Cyclohexenone (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Procedure for Acetate Pyrolysis. The Preparation of 2-CyclohexenoneKenneth L. Williamson, Richard T. Keller, Gunther S. Fonken, Jacob Szmuszkovicz, and William S. JohnsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 5, 1612–1615Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01052a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01052a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ubiquitination screen using protein microarrays for comprehensive identification of Rsp5 substrates in yeast (2007)

Ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) are responsible for target recognition and regulate stability, localization or function of their substrates. However, the substrates of most E3 enzymes remain unknown. Here, we describe the development of a novel proteomic in vitro ubiquitination screen using a protein microarray platform that can be utilized for the discovery of substrates for E3 ligases on a global scale. Using the yeast E3 Rsp5 as a test system to identify its substrates on a yeast protein microarray that covers most of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) proteome, we identified numerous known and novel ubiquitinated substrates of this E3 ligase. Our enzymatic approach was complemented by a parallel protein microarray protein interaction study. Examination of the substrates identified in the analysis combined with phage display screening allowed exploration of binding mechanisms and substrate specificity of Rsp5. The development of a platform for global discovery of E3 substrates is invaluable for understanding the cellular pathways in which they participate, and could be utilized for the identification of drug targets.
Generalization of the effects of unilateral and bilateral ECT (1986)

The correlation coefficients among four different measures of seizure duration (motor activity, EEG spikes, EEG total, tachycardia) were substantially lower with unilateral than bilateral ECT. This suggests that unilateral ECT is less well generalized through the brain than bilateral ECT.
TIME-PATTERN OF LACTATE AND LACTATE TO PYRUVATE RATIO IN THE FIRST 24 HOURS OF INTENSIVE CARE EMERGENCY ADMISSIONS (2000)

Blood lactate elevation in critically ill patients commonly is taken as a sign of impaired tissue perfusion. Simultaneous elevation of lactate to pyruvate ratio (L/P ratio) may be helpful in discriminating between different mechanisms of hyperlactatemia and thus in determining the relevance of the finding. We studied prospectively the prevalence and the time pattern of hyperlactatemia and simultaneous L/P ratio elevation in 98 consecutive emergency admission patients in a 23-bed surgical-medical University Hospital intensive care unit. Blood lactate, L/P ratio, and blood gases were measured at 2-h intervals during the initial 24 h of intensive care unit admission. Hyperlactatemia (blood lactate over 2 mmol/L) was found in 48 (49%) patients, and the median peak value of the non-survivors was higher than that of the survivors [5.3 (interquartile range 1.9-7.5) vs. 1.9 (1.3-2.9) mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.003]. Hyperlactatemia at admission (n = 31) was associated with a higher hospital mortality than hyperlactatemia developing later (n = 17) (29.0% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.003). Sustained admission hyperlactatemia (>6 h) was associated with higher mortality than short-lasting hyperlactatemia (36.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.008). Simultaneously elevated L/P ratio (L/P ratio > 18; n = 16) was associated with higher mortality than hyperlactatemia with normal L/P ratio (n = 32; 37.5% vs. 12.5%, respectively, P = 0.03) and was found mainly in patients who had severe circulatory failure. The hyperlactatemia of patients with sepsis was not associated with L/P ratio elevation. We conclude that hyperlactatemia is common in emergency admission patients. Hyperlactatemia with L/P ratio elevation and lactic acidosis is likely to be associated with inadequate tissue perfusion. Hyperlactatemia persisting more than 6 h and simultaneous elevation of L/P ratio are associated with increased mortality.
Self-adaptive and self-configured CPU resource provisioning for virtualized servers using Kalman filters (2009)

Data center virtualization allows cost-effective server consolidation which can increase system throughput and reduce power consumption. Resource management of virtualized servers is an important and challenging task, especially when dealing with fluctuating workloads and complex multi-tier server applications. Recent results in control theory-based resource management have shown the potential benefits of adjusting allocations to match changing workloads.
Multipath tracing with Paris traceroute (2007)

Traceroute is a tool to report the route packets lake between two internet hosts. However, with the deployment of load balancing, there is no longer a single route to a destination, hence classic traceroute systematically misses some of these paths. In this paper, we specify an adaptive, stochastic probing algorithm, called the Multipath detection algorithm, to report all paths towards a destination. We have deployed this algorithm, probing from a single source towards multiple destinations. In our results, we have found Instances of load balancing with as many as 16 interfaces per hop. The algorithm also allows us to count load balancing routers, identify their locations, and characterize them by type.
Highly efficient bromination of aromatic compounds using 3-methylimidazolium tribromide as reagent/solvent (2004)

3-Methylimidazolium tribromide proves to be an alternative highly efficient reagent/solvent for the halogenation of non-activated aromatic compounds.
Crystallographic and magnetic structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>SrCoO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>brownmillerite: Neutron study coupled with band-structure calculations (2008)

A study of the crystallographic and magnetic structure of ${\text{SrCoO}}_{2.5}$ with a brownmillerite-type structure has been carried out from neutron powder-diffraction (NPD) measurements at temperatures ranging from 10 to 623 K, across the N\'eel temperature $({T}_{N}=537\text{ }\text{K})$ of this antiferromagnetic oxide. The study has been complemented with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), $dc$ susceptibility and magnetization measurements. Although the refinement of the crystal structure from NPD data is possible in the orthorhombic $Pnma$ and $Ima2$ space groups, the support of ab-initio band-structure calculations has allowed us to select, without ambiguity, the $Ima2$ space group as the ground state for ${\text{SrCoO}}_{2.5}$ brownmillerite. In $Ima2$ the crystallographic structure of ${\text{SrCoO}}_{2.5}$ is described as layers of corner-sharing $\text{Co}1{\text{O}}_{6}$ octahedra alternating along the $a$ axis with layers of vertex-sharing $\text{Co}2{\text{O}}_{4}$ tetrahedra, conforming chains running along the [0 0 1] direction. The magnetic structure below ${T}_{N}=537\text{ }\text{K}$ is $G$-type with the magnetic moments directed along the $c$ axis. This magnetic arrangement is stable from ${T}_{N}$ down to 10 K. At $T=10\text{ }\text{K}$, the magnetic moment values for Co1 and Co2 atoms are $3.12(13){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ and $2.88(14){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$, respectively, compatible with a ${\text{Co}}^{2+}\underset{̱}{L}$ state, where $\underset{̱}{L}$ stands for a ligand hole. The magnetic susceptibility curves show, below 200 K, a divergence of zero-field cooling and field cooling curves, displaying broad maxima which are interpreted as due to the presence of ferromagnetic clusters embedded into an antiferromagnetic matrix. These inhomogeneities are inherent to the synthesis process, by quenching microcrystalline samples of ${\text{SrCoO}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ composition from high temperature, where cubic, ferromagnetic perovskites have been identified by diffraction methods.
Expanded Access to Naloxone: Options for Critical Response to the Epidemic of Opioid Overdose Mortality (2009)

The United States is in the midst of a prolonged and growing epidemic of accidental and preventable deaths associated with overdoses of licit and illicit opioids. For more than 3 decades, naloxone has been used by emergency medical personnel to pharmacologically reverse overdoses. The peers or family members of overdose victims, however, are most often the actual first responders and are best positioned to intervene within an hour of the onset of overdose symptoms. Data from recent pilot programs demonstrate that lay persons are consistently successful in safely administering naloxone and reversing opioid overdose. Current evidence supports the extensive scaleup of access to naloxone. We present advantages and limitations associated with a range of possible policy and program responses.
Lateral Displacement of Optical Beams at Multilayered and Periodic Structures* (1971)

Many planar structures, including multilayered media and periodic configurations of the optical-grating type, are capable of supporting an electromagnetic field of the leaky-wave form. By exciting this field, an incident light beam transfers a portion of its energy into the leaky-wave structure; after being guided longitudinally for a certain distance along the structure, this energy is leaked back to form part of the reflected beam. Owing to the longitudinal energy flow, the complete reflected beam exhibits a lateral displacement that appears either as a forward beam shift, similar to the Goos-Hänchen effect along a single dielectric interface, or as a backward beam shift, which has not been identified before. By deriving a general expression for the field excited by a gaussian light beam incident upon a leaky-wave structure, we find that the reflected beam may undergo a lateral displacement of the order of the beam width; the magnitude of this beam shift may therefore be much larger than the maximum shift produced at a single dielectric boundary. In the case of periodic structures, all of the higher-order diffracted beams are shifted laterally whenever the specularly reflected beam is displaced. The dependence of the lateral displacement on the beam width, the angle of incidence, and the leakage distance is examined in detail and the relevance of the beam shift to optical-beam couplers is discussed.
Secondary electron emission enhancement and defect contrast from diamond following exposure to atomic hydrogen (1994)

Polished nominal (100) surfaces of four types of diamonds were exposed to atomic hydrogen by hot filament cracking of H2 gas or by immersion in a H2 plasma discharge. Both types IIa and IIb (100) diamond surfaces exhibited the following characteristic changes: (a) secondary electron (SE) yield increased by a factor of ∼30 as measured in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), (b) near-surface, nontopographical defects were observable directly using the conventional SE mode of the SEM, (c) surface conductance increased by up to 10 orders of magnitude. These changes were observed only weakly in nitrogen-containing types Ia and Ib diamonds.
Regioselective reaction of 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins with organolithium reagents—synthetic access to 5,10,15-trisubstituted porphyrins and directly meso-meso-linked bisporphyrins (2000)

The reaction of organolithium reagents with 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins, followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate anion to give a porphodimethene and oxidation with DDQ allows the facile preparation of 5,10,15-tri- and 5,10,15,20-tetrasubstituted porphyrins with mixed meso substituent types. Easily available 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins react almost quantitatively with sterically undemanding organolithium reagents (PhLi, BuLi) to give the respective 5,10,15-trisubstituted porphyrins (A2B-type). When bulkier reagents are used (e.g. Bus or But) the number and yield of side products increases considerably. Thus, the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic attack (meso versus β) depends on the steric hindrance of the LiR reagents. The 5,10,15-trisubstituted porphyrins can in turn be used for another cycle of nucleophilic attack, hydrolysis, and oxidation giving rise to 5,10,15,20-tetrasubstituted porphyrins of the A2B2- or A2BC-types. In contrast, reaction of 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins with LiR and direct oxidation of the intermediate anion without a hydrolysis step gives directly linked (5,5′) bisporphyrins allowing the preparation of bisporphyrins with mixed meso substituent pattern. In addition, the crystal structures of two 5,10,15-trisubstituted porphyrins (25, 28) are reported. Both compounds exhibit moderately nonplanar macrocycles as a result of the sterically hindered meso substituents.
Mechanism of spermidine cytotoxicity at 37 degrees C and 43 degrees C in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1986)

Spermidine (SPD) cytotoxicity is mediated largely through SPD oxidation by serum amine oxidases at both 37 degrees C and 43 degrees C. Alkaline sucrose gradient data suggest random induction of DNA strand breaks. A dose response with time at 37 degrees C or 43 degrees C (constant SPD) or with SPD concentration (constant time at 43 degrees C) was observed in terms of both DNA strand breaks and cell survival. The generation of peroxide was demonstrated in the absence of cells by the addition of SPD to medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Toxicity of SPD was reduced in saline, with catalase-thiourea and aminoguanidine, and enhanced by prior depletion of glutathione. Thermotolerance induced 16 h previously did not protect against SPD toxicity, suggesting that the reactive species from spermidine oxidation and heat damage do not produce related subcellular lesions.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindolediones as new cytostatic agents (1987)

A series of 16 derivatives of 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3-diones was designed and synthesized as potential antitumor agents. The cytostatic activity against L1210 cell growth of these compounds was studied, and their IC50 values were found to be in the range of 10(-4) to 10(-8) M. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of these compounds showed that the inhibitory effect was well correlated with the electronic and the lipophilic parameters. Derivatives having a substituent with strongly electron-donating properties at the 6-position showed enhanced inhibitory activity while compounds having an electron-withdrawing group at the same position showed lower activity.
Troca iônica no estado sólido de európio3+ em zeólita Y: influência do tempo de reação (1998)

REACTION TIME.Rare earth elements supported in zeolites are the most important catalysts in the fluid cracking of petroleum.The solid state ion exchange of Eu 3+ in Y zeolite was investigated.First of all, the hydrated EuCl 3 was well mixed in a ball mill and was then heated at 300 o C for different times.The quantitative determination of Eu 3+ showed that the degree of ion exchange depends on the reaction time at constant temperature, being ~95% in 4 h.The X-ray study showed that the crystallinity of the zeolite is little affected by the exchange procedure.The study of spectroscopic properties of Eu 3+ , emission spectra and lifetime, give information about the migration and position of the ion in the zeolite cages.