gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research of High Active Catalysts for Low Temperature Reduction of Nitorogen Oxide with Ammonia (1979)

For the purpose to develop high active catalysts for low temperature reduction of NO with NH3, the effect of addition of halogenides (NH4Br, NH4I, NH4Cl, HBr) to Cu (II) -exchanged Y-type zeolite, V2Ox-activated carbon and V2Ox-TiO2 catalysts, etc. and the reduction mechanism were studied by the temperature programmed reaction and desorption methods.The experiments on the reduction of NO were carried out by using a flow re'actor (I.D.: 12.0 mm) under atmospheric pressure and at 90-220°C. The average diameter of the granular catalysts was 1.0 mm. Inlet gas concentration was mainly 470 ppmNO-30 ppmNO2-667 ppmNH3-5%O2-0 or 10%H2O-N2 and the total gas flow rate was 1000 Ncm3/min (space velocity: 4.0×104hr-1) toward 1.5 ml (bulk volume) of the catalysts.These results showed that NH4Br-Cu (II) -NaY was found to be highly active and stable catalyst. Furthermore, the reduction mechanism over Cu (II) -NaY and NH4Br-Cu (II) -NaY, the contribution of surface oxygen (= adsorbed oxygen+lattice oxygen) and adsorbed NH3 to the promotion of reaction rate was clarified.
Electrical activation of implanted phosphorus ions in [0001]- and [11–20]-oriented 4H-SiC (2002)

Aluminum-doped 4H-SiC epilayers with [0001]- or [11–20]-oriented faces were implanted with phosphorus and subsequently annealed in a temperature range of 1550–1700 °C. The electrical activation of phosphorus ions was studied by Hall effect investigations. Identical free electron concentrations are observed at high temperatures in both types of SiC samples indicating that the electrical activation of implanted phosphorus ions is independent of the orientation of the wafers. The compensation generated by the phosphorus implantation is greater in 4H-SiC samples with (0001) face. Phosphorus donor concentrations above 1020 cm−3 could be activated and an extremely low sheet resistance of 29 Ω/□ was determined in the implanted 4H-SiC layer.
Volume-pressure relationship (compliance) of interstitium in dog skin and muscle (1987)

The relationship between changes in interstitial fluid volume (IFV) and pressure (IFP) during over- and dehydration was estimated in hindlimb skin and skeletal muscle of 17 dogs. IFV was measured as the extravascular distribution volume of 51Cr-EDTA after nephrectomy and IFP with micropipettes, wick-in-needle technique (WIN), and perforated capsules. Control IFP (micropipettes) averaged -1.7 +/- 0.5 (n = 17) and 0.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg (SD; n = 17) in skin and muscle, respectively, not different from corresponding WIN and capsule pressures in subcutis. Control IFV was 0.93 +/- 0.34 (n = 17) and 0.42 +/- 0.11 ml/g dry wt (SD; n = 17) in skin and muscle, respectively. Peritoneal dialysis with 20% glucose reduced IFV by 27% in skin and by 44% in muscle, whereas micropipette IFP fell gradually by approximately 4 mmHg in skin and muscle. Compliance during dehydration was 7.6 and 12.5% change in IFV per millimeter Hg fall in IFP (micropipettes) in skin and muscle, respectively, whereas compliance in subcutis based on perforated capsule pressure was 2.0% change in IFV per millimeter Hg. The maximal increase in IFP during overhydration was approximately 2 mmHg in both skin and muscle. Skin and muscle compliance in dogs did not differ significantly from that of rats and cats. We conclude that the difference in compliance among previous studies mainly results from different methods for IFP measurement but is probably also influenced by the state of hydration before altering IFV.
Early Effects of Modulating Nuclear Factor‐κB Activation on Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats (2005)

Genes regulated by NF-kappaB play an important role on secondary damage and repair after spinal cord injury (SCI). To assess the early effects of the pharmacological inhibition and overactivation of NF-kappaB, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or lipopolysaccharide were given to rats before or after SC contusion. The amount of spared SC tissue was higher (P < 0.05) at 24 h postinjury in rats post-treated with PDTC; both PDTC-treated rats showed no significant trend to decrease polymorphonuclear infiltrate. p65 subunit was present in inflammatory cells, neurons, and astrocytes at the injury site. These data support further investigation on functional effects of NF-kappaB inhibition in acute SCI.
On performance of series connected CMOS vertical hall devices (2008)

Series connected (stacked) CMOS vertical Hall devices were analyzed on the basis of performance of a single five contacts device biased at different common mode voltages with respect to the substrate. The uneven influence of junction field effect on residual offset voltage, sensitivity and residual offset equivalent magnetic field was studied. It was shown that though junction field effect leads to some increase in offset voltage for devices with higher common mode, this effect can be minimized through suitable biasing.
A neural net for reconstruction of multiple curves with a visual grammar (2002)

A neural net has been derived for reconstructing a set of curves from ungrouped dot locations. The network performs Bayesian inference on a visual grammar, which serves as a probabilistic model of the image formation process, by means of a quadratic matching objective function. The steps involved in the derivation are: (1) formulate a stochastic grammar; (2) derive its probability distribution on images, along with the partition function which is a configuration space integral over both discrete and continuous variables; (3) change variables by exploiting the structure of the original grammar; (4) use mean field theory to derive an objective function whose optimization permits the approximation of averages under the distribution; and (5) introduce optimizing neural net dynamics, possibly after transforming the objective function to decrease the size of the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single crystal silicon cantilever-based RF-MEMS switches using surface processing on SOI (2005)

This paper describes a novel structure and simple fabrication process for low-loss, low-cost, and high-yield RF-MEMS switches. Our switch has a single crystal silicon (SCS) cantilever, above which are located electroplated bridge electrodes on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. The fabrication process does not require any complex processes, such as wafer transfer, wafer backside etching, special planarization techniques, or low-stress thin-film formation. The fabricated series switch features a low-loss performance and small size. The overall insertion loss is -0.1 dB and the isolation is -30 dB at 5GHz. The size of the SP4T switch is 1.4 /spl times/ 0.9 mm/sup 2/.
10-Gbits/s all-optical 3R regeneration and format conversion using a gain-switched DFB laser (2000)

Summary form only given. The regeneration of optical data signals is likely to be an important requirement of WDM and OTDM networking schemes. All-optical regenerators are currently complicated and require several optical components together with complex control. As a result there has been interest in developing robust and simple single chip schemes, which allow regeneration. We demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge simultaneous all optical 3R regeneration and format conversion in a single DFB laser. An NRZ data signal at 10 Gbits/s with poor Q is reamplified, retimed and reshaped by the laser. The key to this regeneration process is to gain switch the DFB with the extracted clock signal in order to retime the converted signal. This process also simultaneously converts the input NRZ format to an output RZ data format and results in a signal whose optical power and extinction ratio are considerably improved by the regeneration process. The DFB laser used in these experiments is a strain-compensated multiple quantum well device, which has been optimized for low jitter gain switched operation at 10 GHz.
Automatic segmentation method which divides a cerebral artery tree in time-of-flight MR-angiography into artery segments (2006)

To achieve sufficient accuracy and robustness, 2D/3D registration methods between DSA and MRA of the cerebral artery require an automatic extraction method that can isolate wanted segments from the cerebral artery tree. Here, we described an automatic segmentation method that divides the cerebral artery tree in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) into each artery. This method requires a 3D dataset of the cerebral artery tree obtained by TOF-MRA. The processes of this method are: 1) every branch in the cerebral artery tree is labeled with a unique index number, 2) the 3D center of the Circle of Willis is determined using 2D and 3D templates, and 3) the labeled branches are classified with reference to the 3D territory map of cerebral arteries centered on the Circle of Willis. This method classifies all branches into internal carotid arteries (ICA), basilar artery (BA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), a1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA(A1)), other segments of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), posterior communication artery (PcomA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA). In the eleven cases examined, the numbers of correctly segmented pixels in each branch were counted and the percentages based on the total number of pixels of the artery were calculated. Manually classified arteries of each case were used as references. Mean percentages were: ACA, 87.6%; R-ACA(A1), 44.9%; L-ACA(A1), 30.4%; R-MC, 82.4%; L-MC, 79.0%; R-PcomA, 0.5%; L-PcomA, 0.0%; R-PCA, 77.2%; L-PCA, 80.0%; R-ICA, 78.6%; L-ICA, 93.05; BA, 77.1%; and total arteries, 78.9%.
<i>Quantum Physics: A Functional Integral Point of View</i> (1982)

This book is addressed to one problem and to three audiences. The problem is the mathematical structure of modem physics: statistical physics, quantum mechanics, and quantum fields. The unity of mathemati cal structure for problems of diverse origin in physics should be no surprise. For classical physics it is provided, for example, by a common mathematical formalism based on the wave equation and Laplace's equation. The unity transcends mathematical structure and encompasses basic phenomena as well. Thus particle physicists, nuclear physicists, and con densed matter physicists have considered similar scientific problems from complementary points of view. The mathematical structure presented here can be described in various terms: partial differential equations in an infinite number of independent variables, linear operators on infinite dimensional spaces, or probability theory and analysis over function spaces. This mathematical structure of quantization is a generalization of the theory of partial differential equa tions, very much as the latter generalizes the theory of ordinary differential equations. Our central theme is the quantization of a nonlinear partial differential equation and the physics of systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom. Mathematicians, theoretical physicists, and specialists in mathematical physics are the three audiences to which the book is addressed. Each of the three parts is written with a different scientific perspective.
A Positionable Microcell for Electrochemistry and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in Subnanoliter Volumes (2001)

Positionable voltammetric cells with tip diameters of < 50 microm were constructed from theta glass capillaries. One channel of the pulled glass capillary contains a carbon fiber microelectrode sealed in epoxy while the other houses a Ag/AgCl reference electrode that makes electrical contact to the analyte solution via a salt bridge at the tip. The device can be operated as a two-electrode cell and can therefore make measurements in droplets of solution that are similar in size to the tip. Alternatively, if the droplet of solution is larger than the tip, spatially resolved measurements of a substrate in solution can be made. Voltammetric experiments and feedback imaging with the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) were accomplished in microdroplets with solution volumes of less than 1 nL. pH images of a substrate immersed in 70-microL-thick films of solution were obtained in the generator-collector mode of SECM using an iridium oxide-modified microcell. This type of microcell is particularly useful for making electrochemical measurements in very small droplets of solution where a mobile working electrode could easily collide with a separately positioned reference electrode.
Autophagy switches to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells infected with melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (<i>mda</i>-7/IL-24) (2011)

MDA-7/IL-24 has noteworthy potential as an anticancer therapeutic because of its diversity of antitumor properties, its lack of toxicity toward normal cells and tissues, and its safety and efficacy as evidenced in a phase I clinical trial. In a recent study, we document that Ad.mda-7-induced ER stress and ceramide production leads to early autophagy that subsequently switches to apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. During the apoptotic phase, the MDA-7/IL-24 protein physically interacts with Beclin 1 and this interaction might inhibit Beclin 1 function culminating in apoptosis. Conversely, Ad.mda-7 infection leads to calpain-mediated cleavage of the Atg5 protein that might also facilitate a biochemical switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Our recent paper reveals novel aspects of the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis that underlie the cytotoxic action of MDA-7/IL-24 in prostate cancer cells. These new insights into MDA-7/IL-24 action provide intriguing leads for developing innovative combinatorial approaches for prostate cancer therapy.
Abnormalities in neuronal maturation in Rett syndrome neocortex: preliminary molecular correlates. (1997)

In correspondence with the severe cognitive impairment and autistic features of Rett syndrome (RS), multiple anomalies of the cerebral cortex that include generalized reductions in dendritic arborizations and in cholinergic markers have been found. Considering the potential role of neurotransmitters in cortical differentiation, we have studied the relationship between cholinergic deficit and dendritic protein expression in RS and in a relevant animal model. Dendritic development is characterized by the sequential expression of cytoskeletal proteins whose levels remain relatively stable in adult life. Using quantitative immunoblotting, we have determined that in RS there is a reduction in proteins linked to early dendritic development [microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-5, MAP-2]. By contrast, in Down syndrome there is relative generalized increase in dendritic proteins. Mice with basal forebrain lesions at birth, which transiently decrease cholinergic innervation to the cortex, showed in adulthood reductions in MAP-2 that resemble those seen in RS. We conclude that dendritic anomalies in RS represent disturbances in early cortical differentiation and that cholinergic deficit may play a critical role in their pathogenesis as suggested by the animal data.
Netrin-1 inhibits leukocyte migration <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Cell migration plays important roles in embryonic development and inflammation, and this process is highly regulated to ensure tissue homeostasis. A number of barriers exist to prevent the inappropriate migration of leukocytes into healthy peripheral tissues, including retention of these cells in the inactive state and maintenance of the integrity and charge of the vascular endothelium. However, active signals also are likely to exist that can repulse cells or abolish existing cell migration. One such paradigm exists in the developing nervous system, where neuronal migration is mediated by a balance between chemoattractive and chemorepulsive signals. The ability of the guidance molecule netrin-1 to repulse or abolish attraction of neuronal cells expressing the UNC5b receptor makes it an attractive candidate for the regulation of inflammatory cell migration. Here, we show that netrin-1 is expressed on vascular endothelium, where it is regulated by infection and inflammatory cytokines. The netrin-1 receptor UNC5b is strongly expressed by leukocytes, upon which netrin-1 acts as a potent inhibitor of migration to different chemotactic stimuli both in vivo and in vitro. These data suggest that endothelial expression of netrin-1 may inhibit basal cell migration into tissues and that its down-regulation with the onset of sepsis/inflammation may facilitate leukocyte recruitment.
Applications of trellis coding to coherent optical communications employing polarisation shift keying modulation (1991)

The application of the concept of trellis coded modulation to coherent optical communications using polarisation shift keying modulation is described and analysed. It leads to a receiver formed by a front end which performs the heterodyne detection and the Stokes parameters extraction cascaded with an electronic Viterbi processor operating the maximum likelihood estimate of the transmitted sequence. Results in terms of error event probability obtained analytically and confirmed by simulation show power gains of the order of 3–4 dB without sacrificing bandwidth.
Software productivity and quality measurement (1985)

Article Free Access Share on Software productivity and quality measurement Author: Lowell Jay Arthur Mountain Bell, Denver, Colorado Mountain Bell, Denver, ColoradoView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM '85: Proceedings of the 1985 ACM annual conference on The range of computing : mid-80's perspective: mid-80's perspectiveOctober 1985 Pages 187–192https://doi.org/10.1145/320435.320496Online:01 October 1985Publication History 1citation897DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads897Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A novel voice signature method for electronic death registration systems. (2005)

Electronic signature of documents is frequently a challenging problem in the medical domain. This is particularly an issue with death certificates which require timely signatures. In the process of developing an electronic death registration system, we devised a novel remote signature method involving an off-the-shelf interactive voice response system (IVRS). This paper describes this system and its motivations.
Competition of CO2/H2O in adsorption based CO2 capture (2009)

All flue gases contain water vapour along with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA), which has been successfully studied for post-combustion dry CO2 capture in our group, is strongly affected by the overwhelming competitive adsorption of water vapour on CO2 adsorbents. In this study, breakthrough experiments have been conducted to measure the single/binary adsorption isotherm data of CO2 and water vapour on zeolite 13X and a proprietary alumina-based adsorbent alumina CDX to study the competitive adsorption effect on each other. The CO2 adsorption data are well represented by the Dual site Langmuir isotherm equation. Based on the above understanding, a single column multilayered VSA unit was used with a guard-bed layer of superior desiccant and a main layer of 13X to simultaneously remove water (3–4% by volume) and capture CO2 (10–12%) at 30 ∘C within the same process. In this study, activated alumina CDX was selected as the appropriate pre-layer. Furthermore, we have investigated the effects of operating parameters on the multilayered CO2/H2O VSA performance. The water front was accurately located in the bed and the interaction of CO2 and water vapour indicates a clear indication of a water loaded zone and a CO2 loaded zone. The result demonstrates that water front has been successfully held in the pre-layer and CO2 product purity of 76.9% and purity of 67% were achieved for the double layered single column CO2/H2O VSA.
Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring either exon 19 or 21 mutations. (2011)

7606 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI) have not been fully evaluated regarding their efficacy for brain metastasis related to adenocarcinoma of the lung. Methods: This is a prospective study of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the lung, EGFR mutations of either exon 19 or 21, and documented brain metastatic lesions without prior therapy including radiotherapy or radiosurgery or surgical resections. Either erlotinib 150 mg or gefitinib 250 mg was administered every day. EGFR mutations were genotyped by direct sequencing. Results: A total of 23 patients were enrolled. Median age was 57 years (range 37-77). Female accounted for 61% (14/23) and ECOG PS 0-1 74% (17/23). Fourteen patients (61%) had mutations in exon 19 and 9 (39%) exon 21. Synchronous brain metastasis was documented in 15 patients (65%). Seventeen patients used EGFR TKI as second line therapy. Six patients (26%) received erlotinib and 17 gefitinib. Response rate was 70.0%. Median PFS and OS were 6.6 months (95% CI: 0.0-14.7) and 19.8 months (14.1-25.6). Drug modification related to toxicities occurred in 4 patients (17.4%). Patients with exon 19 mutations had longer PFS than those with exon 21 mutations (14.0 months vs 4.6 months; P=0.031); however, no difference in OS was seen (exon 19 15.9 months, exon 21 19.8 months; P=0.498). Patterns of treatment failure included progression of intracranial lesions (42%, 5/12), extracranial lesions (25%, 3/12) and both intra- and extracranial lesions(33%, 4/12). Following progression, 6 patients underwent gamma-knife radiosurgery and 2 patients whole brain radiation. Conclusions: EGFR TKI were effective in NSCLC patients with brain metastasis harboring either exon 19 or 21 mutations. Exon 19 mutations were associated with better disease control when compared to exon 21.
The Ets-1 transcription factor is required for complete pre-T cell receptor function and allelic exclusion at the T cell receptor β locus (2004)

The pre-T cell receptor (TCR) functions as a critical checkpoint during alphabeta T cell development. Signaling through the pre-TCR controls the differentiation of immature CD4(-)CD8(-)CD25(+)CD44(-) [double-negative (DN)3] thymocytes into CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) cells through the CD4(-)CD8(-)CD25(-)CD44(-)(DN4) stage. In addition, pre-TCR activity triggers expansion and survival of thymocytes and inhibits TCRbeta gene rearrangement through a process referred to as allelic exclusion. Whereas many proteins involved in the pre-TCR transduction cascade have been identified, little is known about the nuclear factors associated with receptor function. Here, we use gene targeting to inactivate the Ets-1 transcription factor in mice and analyze pre-TCR function in developing Ets-1-deficient (Ets-1(-/-)) thymocytes. We find that inactivation of Ets-1 impairs the development of DN3 into DP thymocytes and induces an elevated rate of cell death in the DN4 subset. This defect appears specific to the alphabeta lineage because gammadelta T cells maturate efficiently. Finally, the percentage of thymocytes coexpressing two different TCRbeta chains is increased in the Ets-1(-/-) background and, in contrast with wild type, forced activation of pre-TCR signaling does not block endogenous TCRbeta gene rearrangement. These data identify Ets-1 as a critical transcription factor for pre-TCR functioning and for allelic exclusion at the TCRbeta locus.