gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ozonated Water Application on the Population Density of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lycopersici</i> in Soil Columns (2006)

The potential of ozonated water was investigated as an alternative to soil disinfectants in reducing the population densities of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in artificially infested quartz sand and Kuroboku soil columns. Significant reductions in the population density were observed with dissolved ozone concentrations (DOCs) of 6 and 12 mg L−1 in infested quartz sand but not in infested Kuroboku soil. The results indicate that repetitive application of ozonated water with higher DOCs should be required for reducing the population density of F. oxysporum in soils with high content of organic substances and large surface area.
Discordance in diagnosis of osteoporosis by quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Chinese elderly men (2018)

This study investigated the diagnostic discordance of osteoporosis by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Chinese elderly men. The results demonstrated that QCT is a more sensitive method of choice to identify osteoporosis in elderly Chinese men. This work may help clinicians make an appropriate choice of technique for the accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis and identify the patients at high risk of osteoporosis who should be treated early to prevent fractures. This may influence the therapeutic plan and the overall prognosis of patients.
Current Insights in Microbiome Shifts in Sjogren’s Syndrome and Possible Therapeutic Interventions (2018)

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease, among the most common ones, that targets mainly the exocrine glands as well as extra-glandular epithelial tissues. Their lymphocytic infiltration leads to manifestations from other organs (e.g., kidneys, lungs, liver, or thyroid), apart from sicca symptoms (xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis). SS is more prevalent in women than in men (9:1). Moreover, p.SS patients are in increased risk to develop lymphoma. Certain autoantibodies (e.g., antibodies against ribonucleoprotein autoantigens Ro-SSA and La-SSB) are ultimate hallmarks for the disease. It was not known until recently that culture-independent techniques like next-generation sequencing (NGS) facilitate the study of the microbe communities in humans and scientists achieved to define the outlines of the microbiome contribution in health and disease. Researchers have started to investigate the alterations in diversity of the oral, ocular, or intestinal microbiota in SS. Recent studies indicate that dysbiosis may play a significant role in SS pathogenesis. At the same time, the cause or effect is not clear yet because the dysfunction of salivary glands induces alterations in oral and intestinal microbiome which is linked to worsen of symptoms and disease severity. If the human microbiome proves to play a key role in pathogenesis and manifestation of SS, the next step could be new and promising therapeutic approaches such as probiotics or prebiotics. This mini review focuses on the alterations of microbiome of SS patients, their connection with immune tolerance and new therapeutic strategies involving diet manipulation toward future personalized medicine.
Lipid-tuned Zinc Transport Activity of Human ZnT8 Protein Correlates with Risk for Type-2 Diabetes (2016)

Zinc is a critical element for insulin storage in the secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells. The islet-specific zinc transporter ZnT8 mediates granular sequestration of zinc ions. A genetic variant of human ZnT8 arising from a single nonsynonymous nucleotide change contributes to increased susceptibility to type-2 diabetes (T2D), but it remains unclear how the high risk variant (Arg-325), which is also a higher frequency (>50%) allele, is correlated with zinc transport activity. Here, we compared the activity of Arg-325 with that of a low risk ZnT8 variant (Trp-325). The Arg-325 variant was found to be more active than the Trp-325 form following induced expression in HEK293 cells. We further examined the functional consequences of changing lipid conditions to mimic the impact of lipid remodeling on ZnT8 activity during insulin granule biogenesis. Purified ZnT8 variants in proteoliposomes exhibited more than 4-fold functional tunability by the anionic phospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Over a broad range of permissive lipid compositions, the Arg-325 variant consistently exhibited accelerated zinc transport kinetics versus the Trp-form. In agreement with the human genetic finding that rare loss-of-function mutations in ZnT8 are associated with reduced T2D risk, our results suggested that the common high risk Arg-325 variant is hyperactive, and thus may be targeted for inhibition to reduce T2D risk in the general populations.
Heat-free photochemical tissue welding with 1,8-naphthalimide dyes using visible (420 nm) light (1993)

We have newly designed and synthesized a class of photochemical 1,8-naphthalimide dyes. Photochemical investigation strongly suggests that these dyes function as photoalkylation agents following activation to an intermediate state by visible light (circa 420 nm) excitation. The activated species reacts readily with nucleophilic amino acid residues; e.g., tryptophan, tyrosine, cysteine, and methionine. One such dye, 1,14-bis(N-hexyl-3'-bromo- 1,8'-naphthalimid-4'-yl)-1,4,11,14-tetraazatetradecane-5,10-dione, incorporating two reactive 1,8-naphthalimide groups at each end of an intervening structural bridge has been used to achieve photochemical or photoactivated bonding (welding) of collagenous dura mater sheets to each other. Weld shear strengths of up to 425 gm/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (1.14 X 10<SUP>4</SUP> Nt/m<SUP>2</SUP>) have been obtained.
Gas hydrate and free gas petroleum system in 3D seismic data, offshore Angola (2012)

ABSTRACT Evidence of gas hydrate and free gas occurrences in a 3D seismic volume from the West-Central Coastal Province of the Congo Fan, offshore Angola, illustrates all the components of a complete petroleum system. Analysis and interpretation are based on the information in attributes calculated from three 3D time-migrated common-angle seismic volumes; the attributes include seismic amplitude, spectral components, dip magnitude, amplitude variation with angle, and instantaneous frequency. The source is organic-rich muds associated with late Cretaceous to early Tertiary channels, the migration paths are along growth faults, and the traps are partly defined by the gas hydrate stability zone (for the gas hydrate), partly by the bottom-simulating reflector (for the subhydrate free gas), and partly by faults (for both). The spatial distribution of free gas is further supported by the associated seismic bright spots, and also by the attenuation of high frequencies of P-waves that traverse the gas-saturated zone. Locally higher temperatures, associated with upward fluid circulation along fault zones, facilitate gas transmission through the gas hydrate and forms gas chimneys that extend to the sea floor.
Cytomegalovirus Replication Within the Lung Allograft Is Associated With Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (2011)

Early studies reported cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis as a risk factor for development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) following lung transplantation. While improvements in antiviral prophylaxis have resulted in a decreased incidence of CMV pneumonitis, molecular diagnostic techniques allow diagnosis of subclinical CMV replication in the allograft. We hypothesized that this subclinical CMV replication was associated with development of BOS. We retrospectively evaluated 192 lung transplant recipients (LTR) from a single center between 2001 and 2009. Quantitative (PCR) analysis of CMV viral load and histological evidence of CMV pneumonitis and acute cellular rejection was determined on 1749 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens and 1536 transbronchial biopsies. CMV was detected in the BAL of 41% of LTR and was significantly associated with the development of BOS (HR 1.8 [1.1-2.8], p = 0.02). This association persisted when CMV was considered more accurately as a time-dependent variable (HR 2.1 [1.3-3.3], p = 0.003) and after adjustment for significant covariates in a multivariate model. CMV replication in the lung allograft is common following lung transplantation and is associated with increased risk of BOS. As antiviral prophylaxis adequately suppresses CMV longer prophylactic strategies may improve long-term outcome in lung transplantation.
[Regulation of human insulin gene expression by cAMP]. (1994)

Various hormones and neurotransmitters as well as glucose are known to increase the cAMP concentration in pancreatic beta cells. To determine the mechanism by which cAMP augments insulin gene expression, we first identified the cAMP response elements (CREs) of the human insulin gene. In DNase I footprint analysis, the bacterially synthesized CRE-binding protein, CRE-BP1, protected four sites: two sites in the region upstream from the insulin core promoter, one site in the first exon, and one site in the first intron. To examine the roles of those four sites, we constructed a series of DNA plasmids in which the wild-type and mutant insulin promoters were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltranferase (CAT) gene. Studies of the transcriptional activity of these plasmids after transfection into hamster insulinoma cells (HIT) showed that these four sites contributed additively to the cAMP inducibility of the insulin promoter.
Speaker verification using phoneme-based neural tree networks and phonetic weighting scoring method (2002)

A text-dependent speaker verification system based on neural tree network (NTN) phoneme model and phonetic weighting scoring method is presented. The system uses a set of concatenated NTNs trained on phonemes to model a password. In contrast to the conventional stochastic approaches which model the phonemes by hidden Markov models (HMMs), the new approach utilizes the discriminative training scheme to train a NTN for each phoneme. The phoneme-based NTN is trained to discriminate the phoneme spoken by the speaker with respect to those spoken by other speakers. A weighted scoring method depending on the phoneme's ability for speaker verification is used to improve the performance. The proposed system is evaluated by experiments on the YOHO database. Performance improvements are obtained over conventional techniques.
Purification and Characterization of Pyruvate‐Dehydrogenase Phosphatase from Pig‐Heart Muscle (1972)

Pyruvate‐dehydrogenase phosphatase was extensively purified from pig heart muscle. The molecular weight was determined to be in the range between 92000 and 95000. By dodecylsulfate‐gel electrophoresis there was no indication for a subunit structure of the protein. The phosphatase is dependent on Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ . Half‐maximal activity was obtained, in histidine buffer, at 2.5 mM MgCl 2 and 1.8 mM MnCl 2 , respectively. Fluoride at a concentration of 0.6 mM inhibited phosphatase activity by 50% in the presence of Mg 2+ , but not of Mn 2+ . The enzyme was not affected by alkylating thiol‐reagents. Studies with sequestering agents suggest that pyruvate‐dehydrogenase phosphatase contains a metal which, besides Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ , is essential for its function.
Selective disruption of E-cadherin function in early <i>Xenopus</i> embryos by a dominant negative mutant (1994)

E-cadherin function was disrupted in vivo in developing Xenopus laevis embryos through the expression of a mutant E-cadherin protein lacking its cytoplasmic tail. This truncated form of E-cadherin was designed to act as a dominant negative mutant by competing with the extracellular interactions of wild-type endogenous E-cadherin. Expression of truncated E-cadherin in the early embryo causes lesions to develop in the ectoderm during gastrulation. In contrast, expression of a similarly truncated N-cadherin protein failed to cause the lesions. The ectodermal defect caused by the truncated E-cadherin is rescued by overexpression of wild-type E-cadherin, by co-injection of full-length E-cadherin RNA along with the RNA for the truncated form. Overexpression of full-length C-cadherin, however, is unable to compensate for the disruption of E-cadherin function and can actually cause similar ectodermal lesions when injected alone, suggesting that there is a specific requirement for E-cadherin. Therefore, E-cadherin seems to be specifically required for maintaining the integrity of the ectoderm during epiboly in the gastrulating Xenopus embryo. Differential cadherin expression reflects, therefore, the requirement for distinct adhesive properties during different morphogenetic cell behaviors.
Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Reduce <I>Escherichia coli</I> in Dairy Manure (2008)

Escherichia coli labeled with a green fluorescent protein was inoculated into sterile dairy manure at 7.0 log cfu/g. Approximately 125 black soldier fly larvae were placed in manure inoculated and homogenized with E. coli. Manure inoculated with E. coli but without black soldier fly larvae served as the control. For the first experiment, larvae were introduced into 50, 75, 100, or 125 g sterilized dairy manure inoculated and homogenized with E. coli and stored 72 h at 27 degrees C. Black soldier fly larvae significantly reduced E. coli counts in all treatments. However, varying the amount of manure provided the black soldier fly larvae significantly affected their weight gain and their ability to reduce E. coli populations present. For the second experiment, larvae were introduced into 50 g manure inoculated with E. coli and stored for 72 h at 23, 27, 31, or 35 degrees C. Minimal bacterial growth was recorded in the control held at 35 degrees C and was excluded from the analysis. Black soldier fly larvae significantly reduced E. coli counts in manure held at remaining temperatures. Accordingly, temperature significantly influenced the ability of black soldier fly larvae to develop and reduce E. coli counts with greatest suppression occurring at 27 degrees C.
FlowMate: scalable on-line flow clustering (2005)

We design and implement an efficient on-line approach, FlowMate, for clustering flows (connections) emanating from a busy server, according to shared bottlenecks. Clusters can be periodically input to load balancing, congestion coordination, aggregation, admission control, or pricing modules. FlowMate uses in-band (passive) end-to-end delay measurements to infer shared bottlenecks. Delay information is piggybacked on feedback from the receivers, or, if impossible, TCP or application round-trip time estimates are used. We simulate FlowMate and examine the effects of network load, traffic burstiness, network buffer sizes, and packet drop policies on clustering correctness, evaluated via a novel accuracy metric. We find that coordinated congestion management techniques are more fair when integrated with FlowMate. We also implement FlowMate in the Linux kernel v2.4.17 and evaluate its performance on the Emulab testbed, using both synthetic and tcplib-generated traffic. Our results demonstrate that clustering of medium to long-lived flows is accurate, even with bursty background traffic. Finally, we validate our results on the Internet Planetlab testbed.
1.7-kV and 0.55-$\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{2}$ GaN p-n Diodes on Bulk GaN Substrates With Avalanche Capability (2015)

We report vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n diodes with a breakdown voltage (BV) of 1.7 kV and a low differential specific ON-resistance <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.55 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with current spreading considered (or 0.4 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> using the diode bottom mesa size), resulting in a figure-of-merit ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{B}^{2}/R_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 5.3 GW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (or 7.2 GW/cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . These devices exhibit a current swing over 14 orders of magnitude and a low ideality factor of 1.3. Temperature dependent <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula> – <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements show that the BV increases with increasing temperature, a signature of avalanche breakdown.
Reflexão sobre informática educativa nas escolas (1997)

Pouco antes do terceiro milenio, a sociedade da informacao exige um complexo de habilidades que sao diferentes daqueles eram necessarios no inicio do seculo XX, que se distingue por um ensino diversificado em termos de cultura, visualizacao e informacao tecnologica. Com a chegada de recursos computacionais de ciencia para nossas escolas, um grande esforco foi colocado em ordem de difuso e espalhar experiencias nesta area. E consenso que uma tecnologia tao revolucionaria exige uma mudanca de pensamentos entre diretores, professores, orientadores, pais e alunos.
DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY TESTING OF A MEMS MICROPHONE PHASED ARRAY (2010)

In recent years, electret and MEMS (micro-electrical mechanical systems) microphones have been used as low-cost alternatives to more costly condenser microphones for use in phased arrays. In aeroacoustic testing, phased arrays are ideal for their ability to locate and quantify noise sources. Research into the design, fabrication, and implementation of a lowcost, electronically simple phased array will increase its potential as a common research tool. This paper discusses the design and preliminary testing of a simplified MEMS microphone array for use in aeroacoustic testing. The primary intent of the array design was to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of aeroacoustic sources as opposed to locating them accurately, particularly in a wind tunnel with a square cross section of 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm. Using a number of beamforming algorithms, the design of the phased array was modeled numerically. The phased array was constructed on a single, two-layer PCB (printed circuit board) and composed of 27 MEMS microphones each with built-in amplification and RF protection. The Underbrink equal area aperture array layout was used in the design with 9 spirals each consisting of 3 microphones. Further design and manufacturing details are presented. The array was calibrated and used successfully in preliminary testing using the conventional beamforming technique to locate noise sources within the expected margin of error.
Deposition Of Ionic Liquid Thin Films Onto Self-Assembled Monolayers (2007)

First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge and thank Kane Jennings for being the ideal advisor in his ability to be encouraging and understanding while having high expectations. He allowed me the freedom necessary to intellectually challenge myself but provided enough guidance that I was able to accomplish this work in the short time allotted. He is someone I truly admire and respect, not only for his professional ambitions and excellence, but also for his genuine concern and compassion for those around him. I would also like to acknowledge and thank Bridget Rogers, as I would not be here if it weren&apos;t for her encouragement and her faith in me. She introduced me to chemical engineering and helped me continue my studies in the field. She has always been a trusted advisor and friend. I have enjoyed working with the chemical engineering department at Vanderbilt University over the past four years. Both my undergraduate class and my graduate class have been very supportive, and in them I found great colleagues and friends. Thanks to my group, Brad, Chris, and Dongshun, I enjoyed coming into lab everyday. Brad
Development of a Microtiter Plate ELISA and a Dipstick ELISA for the Determination of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Fenthion (2003)

In previous studies, polyclonal antibodies against the organophosphorus insecticide fenthion were obtained and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for this pesticide. In this study, using these antibodies and an enzyme tracer, direct competitive ELISAs for fenthion in microtiter plate and dipstick formats were developed. The microtiter plate ELISA showed an IC50 value of 1.2 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.1 μg/L. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides. The use of the dipstick format using Immunodyne as a support membrane allowed the quick visual detection of fenthion in concentrations >10 μg/L. The IC50 value of the dipstick format using reflectance detection was 15 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.5 μg/L. The recoveries of fenthion from spiked vegetable samples using the two formats without any prior enrichment or cleanup steps were 87−116%. Keywords: Fenthion; insecticide; immunoassay; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA; dipstick
Faecal calprotectin: a marker of inflammation throughout the intestinal tract (2002)

Only a small proportion of patients with abdominal discomfort have organic disease, but a correct diagnosis can seldom be made by simple clinical examination. Additional diagnostic procedures must be employed, but these are expensive and demanding and carry a certain risk. Assessment of faecal concentrations of the neutrophil granulocyte-derived protein calprotectin can be used as a screening test--an 'ESR of the gut'--to select patients for further examination. The test can be performed on 1-2 g of random stool samples that can be sent to the laboratory by ordinary mail since the protein is remarkably stable in stools. The test has high sensitivities and specificities for gastrointestinal cancers and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Faecal calprotectin levels reflect the disease activity in IBD and can be used to monitor the response to treatment and detect relapses.
Force production by depolymerizing microtubules: A theoretical study (2005)

Chromosome movement during mitosis is powered in part by energy released through the depolymerization of kinetochore microtubules (MTs). Strong but indirect evidence suggests the existence of a specialized coupling between kinetochores and MT plus ends that enables this transduction of chemical energy into mechanical work. Analysis of this phenomenon is important for learning how energy is stored within the MT lattice, how it is transduced, and how efficient the process can be, given coupling devices of different designs. Here we use a recently developed molecular-mechanical model of MTs to examine the mechanism of disassembly dependent force generation. Our approach is based on changes in tubulin dimer conformation that occur during MT disassembly. We find that all of the energy of polymerization-associated GTP hydrolysis can be stored as deformations of the longitudinal bonds between tubulin dimers, and its optimal use does not require the weakening of lateral bonds between dimers. Maximum utilization of this stored energy and, hence, the generation of the strongest possible force, is achieved by a protofilament power-stroke mechanism, so long as the coupling device does not restrict full dissociation of the lateral bonds between tubulin dimers.