gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) thin films as biocompatible coatings for microfluidic devices: Cell culture and flow studies with glial cells (2004)

Oxygen plasma treatment of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) thin films produced a hydrophilic surface that was biocompatible and resistant to biofouling in microfluidic studies. Thin film coatings of PDMS were previously developed to provide protection for semiconductor-based microoptical devices from rapid degradation by biofluids. However, the hydrophobic surface of native PDMS induced rapid clogging of microfluidic channels with glial cells. To evaluate the various issues of surface hydrophobicity and chemistry on material biocompatibility, we tested both native and oxidized PDMS (ox-PDMS) coatings as well as bare silicon and hydrophobic alkane and hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol silane monolayer coated under both cell culture and microfluidic studies. For the culture studies, the observed trend was that the hydrophilic surfaces supported cell adhesion and growth, whereas the hydrophobic ones were inhibitive. However, for the fluidic studies, a glass-silicon microfluidic device coated with the hydrophilic ox-PDMS had an unperturbed flow rate over 14 min of operation, whereas the uncoated device suffered a loss in rate of 12%, and the native PDMS coating showed a loss of nearly 40%. Possible protein modification of the surfaces from the culture medium also were examined with adsorbed films of albumin, collagen, and fibrinogen to evaluate their effect on cell adhesion.
Complete ascertainment of intragenic copy number mutations (CNMs) in the CFTR gene and its implications for CNM formation at other autosomal loci (2010)

Over the last 20 years since the discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, more than 1,600 different putatively pathological CFTR mutations have been identified. Until now, however, copy number mutations (CNMs) involving the CFTR gene have not been methodically analyzed, resulting almost certainly in the underascertainment of CFTR gene duplications compared with deletions. Here, high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (averaging one interrogating probe every 95 bp) was used to analyze the entire length of the CFTR gene (189 kb) in 233 cystic fibrosis chromosomes lacking conventional mutations. We succeeded in identifying five duplication CNMs that would otherwise have been refractory to analysis. Based upon findings from this and other studies, we propose that deletion and duplication CNMs in the human autosomal genome are likely to be generated in the proportion of approximately 2-3:1. We further postulate that intragenic gene duplication CNMs in other disease loci may have been routinely underascertained. Finally, our analysis of +/-20 bp flanking each of the 40 CFTR breakpoints characterized at the DNA sequence level provide support for the emerging concept that non-B DNA conformations in combination with specific sequence motifs predispose to both recurring and nonrecurring genomic rearrangements.
Joint self-localization and tracking of generic objects in 3D range data (2013)

Both, the estimation of the trajectory of a sensor and the detection and tracking of moving objects are essential tasks for autonomous robots. This work proposes a new algorithm that treats both problems jointly. The sole input is a sequence of dense 3D measurements as returned by multi-layer laser scanners or time-of-flight cameras. A major characteristic of the proposed approach is its applicability to any type of environment since specific object models are not used at any algorithm stage. More specifically, precise localization in non-flat environments is possible as well as the detection and tracking of e.g. trams or recumbent bicycles. Moreover, 3D shape estimation of moving objects is inherent to the proposed method. Thorough evaluation is conducted on a vehicular platform with a mounted Velodyne HDL-64E laser scanner.
A Simple Adaptive Equalizer for Efficient Data Transmission (1970)

A small and relatively inexpensive automatic equalizer has been developed for use with a vestigial sideband AM data set presently utilized to provide a high-speed Bell System voiceband data service. The equalizer uses a transversal filter structure comprising a tapped analog delay line with a variable-gain circuit associated with each tap. Its operation is adaptive in the sense that the tap-gain-adjustment information is derived from the received data, so that the tap gains are continuously optimized. A number of adaptive tap-gain-adjustment algorithms and transversal filter realizations were considered. The algorithms range in order of implementation complexity from "zero forcing," involving binary correlation, to "mean square," which requires linear correlation. The transversal filter realizations vary from an early scheme, which accomplished the variable-gain function with up-down counters controlling a switchable resistive ladder network, to an all-digital approach, where the analog delay line is replaced by shift registers and the variable-gain function is achieved with binary multipliers. Although the all-digital approach, using the mean-square algorithm and implemented with large-scale integration, will undoubtedly be the best choice in the near future, the equalizer to be described was selected on the basis of its being the cheapest to implement at the present time. The equalizer uses a modified zero-forcing tap-gain-adjustment algorithm, which is no more costly to implement than the zeroforcing algorithm, but which has superior convergence properties in the presence of severe distortion. The variable-gain function is achieved by means of a field-effect transistor (FET) used as a variable resistance. A single operational amplifier is used both to control the resistance of the FET and to provide feedback necessary to insure precise circuit performance without requiring close tolerances on the FET characteristics.
A Novel Mutation of the Autoimmune Regulator Gene in an Italian Kindred with Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy, Acting in a Dominant Fashion and Strongly Cosegregating with Hypothyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis (2001)

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypoparathyroidism, adrenal failure, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and ectodermal dystrophies and other organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy is caused by mutations of the autoimmune regulator gene. We identified an Italian family with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy and a pattern of inheritance suggestive of a dominant mechanism. Serological and clinical studies showed a high prevalence of hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis in affected members with classical autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. Direct sequencing of the entire coding region of the autoimmune regulator gene revealed the presence in the proband of a novel missense (G228W) mutation in exon 6 in a heterozygous state. The same heterozygous mutation was identified in all family members with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy and/or hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. None of the unaffected family members and 50 unrelated Italian controls carried the mutation. In contrast with all other autoimmune regulator mutations reported in families, the novel G228W mutation acts in a dominant fashion in our family, as only one heterozygous mutation was found in the entire coding sequence of the autoimmune regulator gene in the proband. Moreover, analysis of the family tree showed direct transmission of the hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis/polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy phenotype to the offspring in each generation in the absence of consanguinity, further supporting a dominant inheritance. The G228W closely cosegregated with hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis in our family, whereas a low penetrance of the full autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy phenotype was observed. In conclusion, we report a novel mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene in a family with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, closely cosegregating with hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. The G228W mutation acts in a dominant fashion and may shed light on the structure-function relationship of the autoimmune regulator protein.
Permutation importance: a corrected feature importance measure (2010)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Physical characterization of a nucleic acid junction. (1985)

Normally unstable transient states of DNA, in which the linear duplex branches to form junctions with three or more arms, can be studied at the oligonucleotide level if their sequences are carefully selected. We have designed a series of oligonucleotide complexes with sequences that are restricted to prevent any major overlap among the arms, and chosen to exhibit high equilibrium stabilities, as well. The electrophoretic mobility of these complexes on polyacrylamide gels permits us to demonstrate formation of a stable four-strand complex with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry. We review here the evidence for formation of a stable stoichiometric junction, and present new circular dichroism data showing that the arms remain in B helix geometry within the complex, and that no significant loss of structure occurs on forming a junction.
AUT-Talk: A Farsi Talking Head (2006)

This paper discusses the design and implementation procedure for AUT-Talk, a Farsi talking head. This procedure consists of developing a Farsi TTS system and using facial animation to generate visible speech. Having the reuse concept in mind, we employed CSLU Toolkit as the framework. The text-to-speech engine uses diphone concatenative approach to synthesize Farsi speech based on Festival TTS system. Our evaluations show that the resulting system works very well in producing visible speech, i.e. the adaptation of mouth and tongue movement to speech. The voice is well synchronized with the lip motion. The resulting Farsi voice is robot-like, but completely intelligible
A 0.8-V 230-$\mu$W 98-dB DR Inverter-Based $\Sigma \Delta$ Modulator for Audio Applications (2013)

This paper presents a ΣΔ modulator based on a gain-boost class-C inverter for audio applications. The gain-boost class-C inverter behaves as a low-voltage subthreshold amplifier and boosts its dc gain for the high-precision requirement. Meanwhile, an on-chip body bias is used to compensate the performance degradation of the inverter at a slow process corner or low supply voltage. The proposed inverter-based modulator is fabricated in a 65-nm mixed-signal CMOS process with a die area of 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The experimental chip achieves 91-dB peak signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR), 94-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 98-dB dynamic range (DR) over a 20-KHz audio band with a 5-MHz sampling frequency and a 0.8-V supply voltage consuming only 230-μW power, which demonstrates that the gain-boost class-C inverter is particularly suitable for low-voltage micro-power high-resolution applications.
Cold sensitivity in axotomized fibers of experimental neuromas in mice (2005)

Cold allodynia is a common complaint in patients with peripheral neuropathies. However, cold sensitivity of the different types of sensory afferents present in injured nerves is poorly known. We recorded activity evoked by cold in intact sensory fibers of the skin-saphenous nerve preparation and in axotomized sensory fibers of approximately 21 days-old neuromas of the saphenous nerve of mice, in vitro. Sixteen percent of the axotomized units responded to cooling with an accelerating discharge, which stopped immediately during rewarming. This response was similar to that observed in the intact cold-sensitive fibers. Temperature threshold distribution was broad in intact and axotomized cold fibers (30.7-22 degrees C and 34.5-14.5 degrees C, respectively). One-third of the axotomized cold-sensitive fibers were mechanosensitive and none of them displayed spontaneous activity at baseline temperature. In contrast, 33% of intact cold-sensitive fibers exhibited low rates of ongoing discharges. In 60% of the cold-sensitive, axotomized units, cold threshold was shifted towards warmer values by the TRPM8 agonist L-menthol. Seventy percent of axotomized, cold-insensitive units developed sensitivity to cold when exposed to 4-aminopyridine and their mean cold threshold (approximately 28 degrees C) was unaffected by menthol. Their response properties differed greatly from those of cold-sensitive units. In conclusion, the transducing capacity to cold stimuli is substantially recovered in neuromas. Furthermore, axotomized fibers maintain the 4-AP-sensitive, voltage-activated, transient potassium conductance that counteracts the depolarizing effects of cold in the majority of intact, cold-insensitive primary afferents. Our results indicate that injured nociceptors do not develop abnormal cold sensitivity, suggesting that other mechanisms underlie the cold-induced allodynia following peripheral nerve injury.
Identification of I50L as the Signature Atazanavir (ATV)–Resistance Mutation in Treatment‐Naive HIV‐1–Infected Patients Receiving ATV‐Containing Regimens (2004)

Atazanavir (ATV) is a once-daily human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor (PI) shown to be effective and well tolerated. ATV has a distinct resistance profile relative to other PIs, with susceptibility maintained against 86% of isolates resistant to 1-2 PIs. Clinical isolates obtained from PI-naive patients designated as experiencing virologic failure while receiving ATV-containing regimens contained a unique isoleucine-to-leucine substitution at amino acid residue 50 (I50L) of the HIV-1 protease. The I50L substitution, observed in all isolates exhibiting phenotypic resistance to ATV, emerged in a variety of different backgrounds and was most frequently accompanied by A71V, K45R, and/or G73S. Viruses containing an I50L substitution were growth impaired, displayed ATV-specific resistance, and had increased susceptibilities (</=0.4 of reference strain) to other PIs. Comparison of viruses bearing I50L with those bearing I50V revealed specific resistance to ATV and amprenavir, respectively, with no evidence of cross-resistance. The unique I50L substitution is the signature mutation for resistance to ATV.
Marrow stroma‐derived osteogenic clonal cell lines: Putative stages in osteoblastic differentiation (1993)

This report documents characterization of five osteogenic cell subpopulations of bone marrow stroma. The clonally derived cell lines were isolated from the parental line MBA-15 known to express osteoblastic-associated features in vitro and to form bone in vivo. The latter, presumably "arrested" at a particular stage along the osteogenic lineage, are useful models to study the processes involved in the differentiation of bone forming cells. The clones differ in their morphology, proliferation rate, quantities and distribution of extracellular matrix proteins, levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and activation of adenylate cyclase by parathyroid hormone and/or prostaglandin E. These properties have been retained during prolonged growth and subculturing through many passages. MBA-15.4 is a presumptive preosteoblast with a fibroblast-like appearance; it proliferates rapidly, synthesizes equal amounts of collagen and noncollagenous proteins, and produces constitutively low levels of alkaline phosphatase. This clone has PGE2-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and a very low constitutive response to PTH. On the other hand, MBA-15.6 has a large polygonal morphology with limited proliferative potential, synthesizes twice as much noncollagenous proteins as collagen, has high alkaline phosphatase activity, and responds strongly to PTH. The characteristics of the other clones place them between these two categories. The effects of 10(-7) M dexamethasone or 10(-12)-10(-8) M 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on growth and differentiation further strengthen the variance between these clones. The different in vitro characteristics of the various clones were directly reflected in their bone formation ability in vivo. When transplanted under the renal capsule, MBA-15.33 formed a thick fibrous tissue, MBA-15.4 formed small foci of bone, and MBA-15.6 formed massive woven bone at the same period of time.
Relative reactivity and selectivity of vinyl sulfones and acrylates towards the thiol–Michael addition reaction and polymerization (2012)

The reactivity, selectivity and kinetics of vinyl sulfones and acrylates in base and nucleophile-catalyzed thiol–Michael addition reactions were examined in detail in this study. The vinyl sulfones react selectively and more rapidly with thiols in the presence of acrylates, which was clearly indicated from reactions of hexanethiol (HT), ethyl vinyl sulfone (EVS) and hexyl acrylate (HA) at a molar ratio of 2 : 1 : 1. EVS reaches 100% conversion with minimal consumption (<10%) of HA, which demonstrates the high selectivity of vinyl sulfones over acrylates. The reaction rate of EVS with HT was approximately 7 times higher than that of HA. A detailed study of the kinetics of the nucleophile-catalyzed thiol–Michael addition reaction was carried out, and it was shown that the delay observed in the initial stages of the nucleophile-catalyzed thiol–Michael addition reaction is due to the relatively slow attack of the nucleophiles on the vinyl. The presence of protic species other than thiols in the reaction mixture has also been shown to significantly impede the reaction rate, and in extreme cases, has been shown to inhibit the Michael addition reaction. These results provided a better understanding of the conditions under which the thiol–Michael addition reaction can or cannot be considered as a click reaction. Finally, the high reaction selectivity of vinyl sulfones over acrylates via thiol–Michael addition reaction in ternary systems is used to control gelation behavior in crosslinked polymer networks formed by thiol–Michael addition reactions.
Vanadium-dioxide-assisted digital optical metasurfaces for dynamic wavefront engineering (2016)

We propose a novel reconfigurable digital optical metasurface to dynamically control the wavefront of reflected near-infrared (NIR) light at a subwavelength scale. Whereas reconfigurable metasurfaces have been previously demonstrated with complex active elements in the microwave regime (such as biased diodes or transistors), we hereby utilize vanadium dioxide to attain reconfigurability in the optical regime. In contrast to traditional passive metasurfaces, in which local reflection phases are required to cover the full range of 360° to arbitrarily engineer the wavefronts, our tunable digital metasurface utilizes either 0° or 180°. We design a unit cell with vanadium dioxide such that its normalized local reflection coefficient switches from −1 to +1 upon change in the state of the vanadium dioxide. Hence, we realize a surface for which various digital patterns of either −1 or +1 can be arbitrarily programmed. Based on the theory of binary holography, we numerically demonstrate the dynamic control of a NIR wavefront by programming the proposed digital optical metasurface as a reconfigurable beam splitter and as a scannable optical reflectarray.
Preparation of Optical Fiber Preforms by Plasma-Impulse-CVD (1986)

Graded-index and single-mode fibers can be prepared by a low pressure plasma-impulse-CVD process. During the short plasma pulses, generated by pulsed microwaves, layers of mono molecular thickness are deposited onto the inner side of a quartz-glass tube. Thus a fine profiling of the refractive index distribution is possible and fibers drawn from these preforms are of high quality.
Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine: A Symposium of the Fourth European Conference on Psychosomatic Research Edited by Arthur Jores and Helmuth Freyberger (1962)

"Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine: A Symposium of the Fourth European Conference on Psychosomatic Research Edited by Arthur Jores and Helmuth Freyberger." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 12(4), pp. 528–529
Stoichiometric water splitting into H2 and O2 using a mixture of two different photocatalysts and an IO3-/I- shuttle redox mediator under visible light irradiation. (2001)

The stoichiometric splitting of water into H2 and O2 (H2/O2 = 2) under visible light irradiation (lambda > 420 nm) took place for the first time using a mixture of Pt-WO3 and Pt-SrTiO3 (Cr-Ta-doped) photocatalysts and an IO3-/I- shuttle redox mediator.
Shape Variability and Classification of Human Hair: A Worldwide Approach (2007)

Human hair has been commonly classified according to three conventional ethnic human subgroups, that is, African, Asian, and European. Such broad classification hardly accounts for the high complexity of human biological diversity, resulting from both multiple and past or recent mixed origins. The research reported here is intended to develop a more factual and scientific approach based on physical features of human hair. The aim of the study is dual: (1) to define hair types according to specific shape criteria through objective and simple measurements taken on hairs from 1442 subjects from 18 different countries and (2) to define such hair types without referring to human ethnicity. The driving principle is simple: Because hair can be found in many different human subgroups, defining a straight or a curly hair should provide a more objective approach than a debatable ethnicity-based classification. The proposed method is simple to use and requires the measurement of only three easily accessible descriptors of hair shape: curve diameter (CD), curl index (i), and number of waves (w). This method leads to a worldwide coherent classification of hair in eight well-defined categories. The new hair categories, as described, should be more appropriate and more reliable than conventional standards in cosmetic and forensic sciences. Furthermore, the classification can be useful for testing whether hair shape diversity follows the continuous geographic and historical pattern suggested for human genetic variation or presents major discontinuities between some large human subdivisions, as claimed by earlier classical anthropology.
Research Progress of Light Olefins from Natural Gas (2006)

The technical progress of producing light olefins by natural gas was reviewed. And catalysts and technical routes of OCM and GSTO and GSMTO were introduced detailedly. It offered a reference for long-term development of producing light olefins.
Studies on fused hydrazines. IV. Some rearrangement reactions of 4-methyl-2,3,5,10-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo(1,2-b)phthalazinium iodide and related compounds to N-aminoalkylisoindole or N-aminoalkyl-pyrrole. (1974)

When heated with potassium t-butoxide (t-BuOK), 4-methyl-2, 3, 5, 10-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo [1, 2-b] phthalazinium iodide (I) gave 2-(3-methylaminopropyl) isoindole (IV), while 5-methyl-1, 4, 6, 11-tetrahydropyridazino [1, 2-b] phthalazinium iodide (VII) gave 1-(2-methylaminomethylbenzyl) pyrrole (X) on heating with t-BuOK and also with sodium methoxide (CH3ONa). Analogously, 13-methyl-5-oxo-5, 7, 12, 14-tetrahydrophthalazino-[2, 3-b] phthalazinium iodide (XII) reacted with CH3ONa to give 13-methyl-5, 7, 12, 13a-tetrahydro-13H-isoindolo [2, 3-b] [2, 4] benzodiazepin-5-one (XIII) and-7-one (XIV). These reactions were interpreted to proceed by the initial abstraction of α-benzyl or α-allyl proton.