gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of Toll-like receptor 3 by cathepsins B and H is essential for signaling (2012)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 is an endosomal TLR that mediates immune responses against viral infections upon activation by its ligand double-stranded RNA, a replication intermediate of most viruses. TLR3 is expressed widely in the body and activates both the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, little is known about how TLR3 intracellular trafficking and maturation are regulated. Here we show that newly synthesized endogenous TLR3 is transported through the ER and Golgi apparatus to endosomes, where it is rapidly cleaved. TLR3 protein expression is up-regulated by its own ligand, leading to the accumulation of its cleaved form. In agreement with its proposed role as a transporter, UNC93B1 expression is required for TLR3 cleavage and signaling. Furthermore, TLR3 signaling and cleavage are sensitive to cathepsin inhibition. Cleavage occurs between aa 252 and 346, and results in a functional receptor that signals upon activation. A truncated form of TLR3 lacking the N-terminal 345 aa also signals from acidic compartments in response to ligand activation. Screening of the human cathepsin family by RNA interference identified cathepsins B and H as key mediators of TLR3 processing. Taken together, our data indicate that TLR3 proteolytic processing is essential for its function, and suggest a mechanism of tight control of TLR3 signaling and thus immunity.
Dynamic Telomerase Gene Suppression via Network Effects of GSK3 Inhibition (2009)

Our results indicate that GSK3 activates hTERT expression in cancer cells and contributes to telomere length homeostasis. GSK3 inhibition is a clinical strategy for several chronic diseases. These results imply that it may also be useful in cancer therapy. However, the complex network effects we show here have implications for either setting.
Evaluation of federated database for distributed applications in e-government (2013)

The evolution of the distributed database technologies represents a great opportunity in each sector of public administration to improve the efficiency of e-government, since the distributed technologies improve one of the basic need of the Public Administration, that is the interoperability between their different units, that is strictly related to the ability of retrieving data located on different archives. As known, the federated database approach could represent a solution to data integration, but the existing solutions often don't take into account real time constraints that are more and more required by the modern e-government scenario. For this reason, in this paper a performance evaluation of relevant technologies implementing the federated database solution is done and compared with the performance of a software architecture consisting of a cloud of web services we have developed to support data integration for the administrative units of a municipal administration. The results confirm the low time performance of the federated data solutions when the integration deals with a large amount of data, whereas the proposed customizable solution shows appreciable high performance.
10 Gbps operation of TO-can packaged 850 nm oxide confined VCSEL (2002)

For the short-distance and high-speed optical interconnection light source, 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are very attractive. VCSELs are expected to be used with a high frequency modulation over 10 Gbps. In this study, we fabricated 850 nm oxide confined VCSELs, and measured 10 Gbps operations for both VCSELs confirmed on carrier and TO-can.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Phosphitylating Reagent for in situ Generation of Deoxyribonucleoside Phosphoramidites. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quasi-rigid objects in contact (2004)

We investigate techniques for modeling contact between quasi-rigid objects - solids that undergo modest deformation in the vicinity of a contact, while the overall object still preserves its basic shape. The quasi-rigid model combines the benefits of rigid body models for dynamic simulation and the benefits of deformable models for resolving contacts and producing visible deformations. We argue that point cloud surface representations are advantageous for modeling rapidly varying, wide area contacts. Using multi-level computations based on point primitives, we obtain a scalable system that efficiently handles complex contact configurations, even for high-resolution models obtained from laser range scans. Our method computes consistent and realistic contact surfaces and traction distributions, which are useful in many applications.
Feature Films and the American Revolution: A Bicentennial Reappraisal (1975)

Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies - Volume 5, Number 3, September 1975
Experimental Applications of Hall-Effect Wattmeters at 50 Hz (1965)

Since Hall effect is the result of multiplying together a magnetic and an electric field, taking into account any phase difference between them, a wattmeter employing a semiconductor device of this kind is a logical development. The paper describes three experimental applications in the United Kingdom, including single- and three-phase instruments metering the power input to 132 kV grid lines and also to 240 volt ac cables, with a record of their performance under practical operating conditions on Central Electricity Generating Board installations. Experience showed that using indium arsenide as the semiconductor element, temperature errors were reduced to an insignificant level and an overall accuracy of about ±2 percent was readily obtainable. It is claimed that this type of instrument applicable to high-voltage lines without the need for special current and voltage transformers is much cheaper than the conventional dynamometer equipment for the same purpose and quite as reliable.
A provisioning model and its comparison with best-effort for performance-cost optimization in grids (2007)

The resource availability in Grids is generally unpredictable due to the autonomous and shared nature of the Grid resources and stochastic nature of the workload resulting in a best effort quality of service. The resource providers optimize for throughput and utilization whereas the users optimize for application performance. We present a cost-based model where the providers advertise resource availability to the user community. We also present a multi-objective genetic algorithm formulation for selecting the set of resources to be provisioned that optimizes the application performance while minimizing the resource costs. We use trace-based simulations to compare the application performance and cost using the provisioned and the best effort approach with a number of artificially generated workflow-structured applications and a seismic hazard application from the earthquake science community. The provisioned approach shows promising results when the resources are under high utilization and/or the applications have significant resource requirements.
Nuclear inclusions of the androgen receptor protein in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (1998)

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked motor neuronopathy caused by the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat in the coding region of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. To study AR protein expression in normal and SBMA individuals, we used several antibodies that recognize AR protein, and analyzed neural and nonneural tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Both the normal and the mutant AR proteins were widely distributed, predominantly, but not exclusively, in the cytoplasm of neurons regardless of the pathological involvement, and predominantly in the nuclei of the nonneural tissues in both normal and SBMA individuals, with different expression levels of AR protein among different tissues. In the motor neurons of SBMA patients, there were AR-immunoreactive ubiquitinated nuclear inclusions that were detected by antibodies that recognize a small portion of the N terminus of the AR protein. Absence of other immunoreactive AR epitopes within the inclusion may be due to altered AR configuration, or masking of AR epitopes by other proteins, or proteolytic cleavage of the AR. Our data show that, in addition to the normal cellular distribution of the AR protein, mutant AR-bearing nuclear inclusions are present in SBMA.
Ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugates. Identification and characterization of an ATP-dependent protease from rabbit reticulocyte lysates. (1986)

Ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugates have been used as substrates to identify an ATP-dependent protease from rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The enzyme, which has been partially purified by DEAE chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation, has an apparent molecular weight greater than 600,000 based on sedimentation and gel filtration. Whereas it degrades conjugated lysozyme molecules in the presence of ATP, the protease does not degrade free lysozyme molecules even upon addition of ubiquitin, lysozyme-ubiquitin conjugates, and ATP. Degradation of lysozyme conjugates is independent of added ubiquitin and occurs in fractions incapable of ubiquitin conjugation. Proteolysis is maximal at pH 7.8, inhibited by hemin, N-ethylmaleimide, or aurintricarboxylic acid, and proceeds with an apparent Arrhenius activation energy in the range of 27 +/- 5 kcal/mol. These properties are similar to those observed for the degradation of lysozyme conjugates in lysates indicating that the partially purified protease catalyzes the "second" ATP-utilizing reaction identified previously (Hough, R., and Rechsteiner, M. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 81, 90-94; Hershko, A., Leshinsky, E., Ganoth, D., and Heller, H. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 81, 1619-1623; Tanaka, K., Waxman, L., and Goldberg, A. L. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 96, 1580-1585).
A Burst-Mode Word-Serial Address-Event Link—III: Analysis and Test Results (2004)

We present results for a scalable multiple-access inter-chip link that communicates binary activity between two-dimensional arrays fabricated in deep submicrometer CMOS. Capacity scales with integration density because an entire row is read and written in parallel. Row activity is encoded in a burst: The row address followed by a column address for each active cell. We predict the distribution of burst lengths when transmission is initiated by active cells and access is arbitered using a two-level queuing model. Agreement with the experiment is excellent for loads over 50% but not for lighter loads, where our assumption that service time is exponentially distributed breaks down. We also quantify the throughput-latency tradeoff. The price of an n-fold increase in throughput is an n per N/sub col/ timing error in a cell's inter-event interval, where N/sub col/ is the number of cells per row. Links implemented in 0.6, 0.4, and 0.25 /spl mu/m are compared; the highest burst-rate achieved was 27.8 M events/s.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF DESICCANTS. (2017)

Moisture removal from air is a practice that is beneficial to many applications. One of the methods to separate water vapor from air is by using desiccants. Present work depicts water vapor sorption behavior
Miro - middleware for mobile robot applications (2002)

Developing software for mobile robot applications is a tedious and error-prone task. Modern mobile robot systems are distributed systems, and their designs exhibit large heterogeneity in terms of hardware, operating systems, communications protocols, and programming languages. Vendor-provided programming environments have not kept pace with recent developments in software technology. Also, standardized modules for certain robot functionalities are beginning to emerge. Furthermore, the seamless integration of mobile robot applications into enterprise information processing systems is mostly an open problem. We suggest the construction and use of object-oriented robot middleware to make the development of mobile robot applications easier and faster, and to foster portability and maintainability of robot software. With Miro, we present such a middleware, which meets the aforementioned requirements and has been ported to three different mobile platforms with little effort. Miro also provides generic abstract services like localization or behavior engines, which can be applied on different robot platforms with virtually no modifications.
Qualitative Sonar Based Environment Learning for Mobile Robots (1990)

We present a method for navigation and environment learning based on active sensing using sonar and a compass. The method consists of a set of incrementally designed behaviors for extracting environment features from the sensory data. The features are stored in a totally distributed list of augmented finite state machines which serves as a decentralized world model.
Round-Robin Duel Discriminative Language Models (2011)

Discriminative training has received a lot of attention from both the machine learning and speech recognition communities. The idea behind the discriminative approach is to construct a model that distinguishes correct samples from incorrect samples, while the conventional generative approach estimates the distributions of correct samples. We propose a novel discriminative training method and apply it to a language model for reranking speech recognition hypotheses. Our proposed method has round-robin duel discrimination (R2D2) criteria in which all the pairs of sentence hypotheses including pairs of incorrect sentences are distinguished from each other, taking their error rate into account. Since the objective function is convex, the global optimum can be found through a normal parameter estimation method such as the quasi-Newton method. Furthermore, the proposed method is an expansion of the global conditional log-linear model whose objective function corresponds to the conditional random fields. Our experimental results show that R2D2 outperforms conventional methods in many situations, including different languages, different feature constructions and different difficulties.
An Effective Bandwidth Selector for Local Least Squares Regression (1995)

Abstract Local least squares kernel regression provides an appealing solution to the nonparametric regression, or “scatterplot smoothing,” problem, as demonstrated by Fan, for example. The practical implementation of any scatterplot smoother is greatly enhanced by the availability of a reliable rule for automatic selection of the smoothing parameter. In this article we apply the ideas of plug-in bandwidth selection to develop strategies for choosing the smoothing parameter of local linear squares kernel estimators. Our results are applicable to odd-degree local polynomial fits and can be extended to other settings, such as derivative estimation and multiple nonparametric regression. An implementation in the important case of local linear fits with univariate predictors is shown to perform well in practice. A by-product of our work is the development of a class of nonparametric variance estimators, based on local least squares ideas, and plug-in rules for their implementation.
Cultural Literacy in the Early Years (1989)

(1989). Cultural Literacy in the Early Years. National Association of Early Childhood Teacher Educators Bulletin: Vol. 10, Bulletin No. 32, pp. 12-13.
Angiotensin 1-7 has a biphasic effect on fluid absorption in the proximal straight tubule. (1994)

The effect of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) on the proximal tubule has not been well studied. It was hypothesized that Ang 1-7 has a biphasic effect on fluid absorption in the isolated rat proximal straight tubule. Proximal straight tubules were perfused at a rate of 5.81 +/- 0.44 nL/mm per minute and absorbed fluid at 0.98 +/- 0.10 nL/mm per minute. Bicarbonate absorption was 80.1 +/- 11.6 pmol/mm per minute. When 10(-12) M Ang 1-7 was added to the bath, fluid absorption increased to 1.47 +/- 0.10 nL/mm per minute (P < 0.013) and bicarbonate increased to 115.0 +/- 12.8 pmol/mm per minute (P < 0.004). Ang 1-7 had no effect on either the maximum rate of bicarbonate absorption (P > 0.90) or bicarbonate permeability (P > 0.60). Next, 10(-8) M Ang 1-7 was used. During the control period, fluid absorption was 0.90 +/- 0.09 nL/mm per minute. When 10(-8) M Ang 1-7 was added, fluid absorption decreased to 0.62 +/- 0.04 nL/mm per minute (P < 0.05). DuP 753, an AT1 receptor antagonist, blocked both effects induced by Ang 1-7, whereas PD 123319, an AT2 receptor antagonist, did not block the stimulatory effect. From these data, it was concluded that Ang 1-7 binds AT1 receptors and has a biphasic effect on fluid absorption, and at physiologic levels, the heptapeptide induces the stimulation of bicarbonate absorption.
Effects of Proteins, Blood Cells and Glucose on the Viscosity of Cerebrospinal Fluid (1998)

It has long been assumed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a newtonian fluid with viscosity similar to water, yet high protein content, has been postulated to increase the viscosity of CSF in vivo. Such an increase in viscosity may have serious implications for the effectiveness of surgical shunts implanted to re-establish the CSF flow in cases of abnormal CSF circulation. In this study, glucose content, total protein content and blood cell count in the CSF of 23 patients undergoing brain surgery were measured. Viscosity measurements were performed on duplicate CSF samples over a range of shear strain rates of 25-1,460 s-1. The results indicated that high protein or high cell concentration in CSF does not significantly affect the viscosity of the cerebral fluid at those shear rates. CSF is clearly newtonian, and its viscosity at 37 degreesC is in the range of 0.7-1 mPa.s.
Thermal Injury Kinetics in Electrical Trauma (1992)

The distribution of electrical current and the resultant Joule heating in tissues of the human upper extremity for a worst-case hand-to-hand high-voltage electrical shock was modelled by solving the Bioheat equation using the finite element method. The model of the upper extremity included skin, fat, skeletal muscle, and bone. The parameter sets for these tissues included specific thermal and electrical properties and their respective tissue blood flow rates. The extent of heat mediated cellular injury was estimated by using a damage rate equation based on a single energy barrier chemical reaction model. No cellular injury was assumed to occur for temperatures less than 42 degrees C. This model was solved for the duration of Joule heating required to produce membrane damage in cells, termed the lethal time (of contact) for injury. LT's were determined for contact voltages ranging from 5 to 20 kV. For a 10,000 volt electrical shock LT's for skeletal muscle are predicted to be: 0.5 second in the distal forearm, 1.1 second in the mid-forearm, 1.2 second in the proximal elbow, and 2.0 seconds in the mid-arm. This analysis of the electrical shock provides useful insight into the mechanisms of resultant tissue damage and provides important performance guidelines for the development of safety devices.
Inhibition of calpain prevents NMDA‐induced cell death and β‐amyloid‐induced synaptic dysfunction in hippocampal slice cultures (2010)

We suggest that inhibition of calpain exhibits a promising strategy to address several aspects of the pathology of AD that may go beyond the available therapeutic intervention by memantine.
All-MOS analog-digital conversion techniques (1978)

MOS LSl technologies have recently shown their potential for use in precision analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters. Serial A/D converters with 11-bit accuracy and 100-ms conversion time, and successive approximation A/D converters with 10-bit accuracy and 25- \mu s conversion time have been demonstrated.
Vertical‐ and lateral‐type organic FET using pentacene evaporated films (2004)

Abstract Organic semiconductor transistors are expected for flexible displays, information tags, and the like. However, organic transistors have some disadvantages of current density and speed of operation, because of their high resistivity and low carrier mobility. To improve their performance, it is valuable to analyze the mechanism of operation. We have compared characteristics of lateral‐ and vertical‐type transistors using pentacene evaporated films. The pentacene lateral‐type FET characteristics showed large variation due to fabrication parameters such as deposition rate, substrate temperature, and film thickness. It was found that evaporated pentacene thin films have large grain gaps, which disturb carrier flow along the channel formed pentacene film/SiO 2 interface direction and make FET characteristics unstable. It is assumed that pentacene films are not suitable lateral‐type transistors. Accordingly, we have fabricated vertical‐type organic static induction transistors (SITs) using pentacene evaporated films. The pentacene SITs show high‐speed operation (cutoff frequency of 7.5 kHz) at relatively low voltages. Further optimization of SIT structure will improve the device performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(2): 43–48, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10500
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of nonpalpable breast lesions (1999)

Application of the NCI-supported diagnostic categories to US-FNA of nonpalpable breast lesions is useful in stratifying aspirates based on the likelihood of underlying malignancy. The subcategories of US-FNAs diagnosed as atypical have similar probabilities of malignancy; this justifies their being grouped as a single category wherein tissue biopsy would be required to exclude carcinoma. Benign and inadequate FNA diagnoses must be correlated with the clinical and imaging findings and in noncorrelative cases the patient should undergo biopsy. US-FNA is a sensitive and specific means with which to diagnose nonpalpable breast lesions.
Paradoxical effects of interleukin-18 on the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (2004)

Administration of exogenous interleukin-18 (IL-18) regulates experimental acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a Fas-dependent manner when donor CD4(+) T cells are required for mortality after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells can induce acute GVHD after clinical allogeneic BMT, and the role of IL-18 in CD8(+)-mediated acute GVHD is unknown. We, therefore, determined the role of IL-18 in GVHD mediated by CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II- and class I-disparate allogeneic BMT, respectively. Administering IL-18 significantly increased survival in CD4(+)-mediated GVHD but reduced survival in CD8(+)-mediated GVHD. This increase in deaths was associated with significantly greater clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic parameters of GVHD damage and was independent of Fas expression on donor T cells. Administering IL-18 significantly enhanced allospecific cytotoxic function and expansion of CD8(+) cells. Endogenous IL-18 was critical to GVHD mediated by CD8(+) donor T cells because IL-18 receptor-deficient donors caused significantly less GVHD but exacerbated CD4(+)-mediated, GVHD-related death. Furthermore, administering anti-IL-18 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced CD8(+)-mediated, GVHD-related death. Together these findings demonstrate that IL-18 has paradoxical effects on CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell-mediated GVHD.