gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do helminth parasites protect against atopy and allergic disease? (2008)

Allergic diseases are rare in areas with high helminth parasite exposure and common where helminth exposure is lacking or significantly reduced, such as urban areas of developing countries and industrialized nations. Studies suggest that helminths induce a systemic immuno-modulatory network, including regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory IL-10, which might play a key role in the protection against the allergic phenotype. Here, we review the current cross-sectional, birth cohort, and intervention study evidence for a protective effect of helminth infection on allergy. There is increasing evidence for a causal relationship between helminth infection and reduced skin prick test responsiveness to allergens. Cross-sectional studies have shown a consistent negative relationship, and these results have been confirmed in several, although not all, intervention studies. The immunological basis for this protective effect is less clear. Recent studies do not support the mast-cell IgE saturation hypothesis, but suggest that protection is associated with IL-10 production. As for allergic disease, cross-sectional studies support a negative relationship between clinical asthma and infection with some helminth species, particularly hookworm, but more studies are required to draw conclusions for eczema and rhinitis. In addition, none of the few intervention studies to date have demonstrated an increase in clinical allergy after helminth treatment, and further studies are needed. Furthermore, we are only beginning to understand the host genetic factors that are potentially involved. A genetically predetermined T-helper type 2 cell-dominated cytokine milieu reduces parasite burden and may enhance host survival in an environment where helminth parasites are prevalent. Lack of parasite exposure in such hosts might lead to hypersensitivity to seemingly minor environmental allergen stimuli. Large birth cohort studies in helminth-endemic areas that use epidemiological, genetic, and immunological tools are required to further examine how helminth parasites affect the development of atopy and allergic disease. Intervention studies with hookworm in parasite-naïve allergic individuals are currently ongoing in the United Kingdom to test the above hypotheses further.
Weakly supervised semantic segmentation using constrained multi-image model and saliency prior (2018)

Building a graph model use the whole training set and solved by graph cut based algorithm is a common method in weak supervision semantic segmentation task, such as Multi-Image Model (MIM). It has two disadvantages: one is the parameter number of model increased rapidly with the scale growth of training set, which limited applied to large-scale data. Another is lack of use structure information in image internal. To solve above problems, we proposed a Constrained Multi-Image Model (CMIM) that training model with a part of the training data which acquired by our entropy based algorithm. It's made up of some components and each is a smaller graph. So, The CMIM can parallel or serial training and weaken the memory limit. To utilize the context information, we bring the saliency of image to unary potential in energy function. At first, we segment images to superpixels and extract the semantic texton forest (STF) feature. Then construct a conditional random fields (CRF) in the superpixel set from selected images. The data potential learned from STF featrue and saliency of superpixels. Finally, the labeling of superpixels converted to CRF optimization problem which can efficiency solved by alpha expansion algorithm. Experiments on the MSRC21 dataset show that the CMIM algorithm achieves accuracy comparable with some previous influential weakly-supervised segmentation algorithms.
Real vs. complex BPSK precoding for MIMO broadcast channels (2008)

Recently Muller et al. (IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 2008) used asymptotic methods from statistical physics to analyze non-linear vector precoding for MIMO broadcast channels. They proposed to extend BPSK input alphabets onto both real and complex supersets of the original constellation points. They showed that, as the optimization space is greater, lower energies are achieved when the extended alphabets are complex. In this work we use similar asymptotic methods and propose an alternative channel inversion technique which makes purely real alphabets perform as well as their complex extensions, which results in reduced complexity in the optimization process.
Optimizing User Expectations for Video Semantic Filtering and Abstraction (2005)

We describe a novel automatic system that generates personalized videos based on semantic filtering or summarization techniques. This system uses a new set of more than one hundred visual semantic detectors that automatically detect video concepts in faster than realtime. Based on personal profiles, the system generates either video summaries from video databases or filtered video contents from live broadcasting videos. The prototype experiments have shown the effectiveness and stabilities of the system.
Antimicrobial Activity of Truncated and Polyvalent Peptides Derived from the FKCRRQWQWRMKKGLA Sequence against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (2017)

Peptides derived from LfcinB were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activity was tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922 and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923. Specifically, a peptide library was constructed by systemically removing the flanking residues (N or C-terminal) of Lfcin 17-31 (<sup>17</sup>FKCRRWQWRMKKLGA<sup>31</sup>), maintaining in all peptides the <sup>20</sup>RRWQWR<sup>25</sup> sequence that corresponds to the minimal antimicrobial motif. For this research, also included were (i) a peptide containing an Ala instead of Cys ([Ala<sup>19</sup>]-LfcinB 17-31) and (ii) polyvalent peptides containing the RRWQWR sequence and a non-natural amino acid (aminocaproic acid). We established that the lineal peptides LfcinB 17-25 and LfcinB 17-26 exhibited the greatest activity against <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922 and <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 25923, respectively. On the other hand, polyvalent peptides, a dimer and a tetramer, exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity, indicating that multiple copies of the sequence increase the activity. Our results suggest that the dimeric and tetrameric sequence forms potentiate the antibacterial activity of lineal sequences that have exhibited moderate antibacterial activity.
A powerful Bayesian meta-analysis method to integrate multiple gene set enrichment studies (2013)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Entity Resolution Using Logistic Regression as an extension to the Rule-Based Oyster System (2018)

This paper describes two experiments in entity resolution. In both experiments, person references were classified as "linked" or "not linked" by two different methods. The first method used an entity resolution (ER) system and employed standard "if-then" Boolean matching rules. The second method used the supervised machine learning technique of logistic regression to classify the references as "linked" or "not linked". The objective of the experiments was to compare the linking performance of both methods to evaluate the effectiveness of logistic regression as an extension to the existing match functions provided in the OYSTER ER System. One experiment used actual school enrollment data and the other used synthetic data. In both cases the performance of the logistic regression classification compared favorably with rule-based results.
Deletion of the Shiga Toxin Gene in a Chlorate-Resistant Derivative of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 That Retains Virulence (1988)

We used a probe specific for detecting the structural-gene sequences of Shiga toxin to analyze the genetic nature of toxin synthesis in mutant derivatives of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. A chlorate-resistant (chl) mutant (725-78) of S. dysenteriae type 1 strain 3818T, which had retained virulence but had lost production of high levels of cytotoxic activity associated with Shiga toxin synthesis, contained a complete deletion of the Shiga toxin structural-gene sequences. These structural-gene sequences were also absent in a derivative of S. dysenteriae type 1 that contained a substitution of Escherichia coli DNA in the trp region of the chromosome. Isolates of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei also did not react with the probe. The low-level cytotoxic activities associated with the mutant S. dysenteriae type 1 strains or with the virulent S. flexneri and S. sonnei strains are neutralizable with antiserum to Shiga toxin; however, these cytotoxic activities are not determined by the genes encoding classic Shiga toxin.
Recovery-oriented computing: building multitier dependability (2004)

Building systems to recover fast may be more productive than aiming for systems that never fail. Because recovery is not immune to failure either, the authors advocate multiple lines of defense in managing failures.
Electronic and atomic structure of amorphous carbon (1987)

The electronic structure of amorphous carbon and hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) has been investigated through calculations on a number of model structures containing different configurations of ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ and ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ sites. We find that the most stable arrangement of ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ sites is in compact clusters of fused sixfold rings, i.e., graphitic layers. The width of the optical gap is found to vary inversely with the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ cluster size, and the \ensuremath{\sim}0.5-eV optical gap of evaporated amorphous carbon is found to be consistent with a model of disordered graphitic layers of about 15 A\r{} in diameter, bounded by ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ sites. It is argued that a-C forms such finite clusters in order to relieve strain. It is then shown that the 1.5--2.5-eV optical gap of a-C:H is unusually small and requires that both its valence and conduction band consist of \ensuremath{\pi} states on ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ sites and that these sites must also be significantly clustered, such as in graphitic clusters containing four or more rings. In other words, the optical gap of both a-C and a-C:H depends on their degree of medium-range order, rather than just on their short-range order as is the case in most amorphous semiconductors. We have also studied the nature of states away from the gap in order to interpret the photoemission data and the carbon 1s core-level absorption spectra. The nature of defects and midgap states is discussed, and it is predicted that the defect density decreases with increasing band gap. Finally it is argued that the doping of a-C:H by group-III and -V elements proceeds via a substitution mechanism, as in a-Si:H, in spite of the coordination disorder present in a-C:H. Doping is also expected to be accompanied by an increase in gap states, as in a-Si:H.
Expression and clinical significance of the stem cell marker CD133 in hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

These findings suggest that reactivated CD133 positive cells are frequently present in HCC. Additionally, increased CD133 expression corresponds with higher stage tumours in HCC, thus indicating a poor prognosis for patients. These data support the CSC hypothesis.
Hypoxic tumor cell death and modulation of endothelial adhesion molecules in the regression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-transduced tumors. (1996)

C-26 colon adenocarcinoma cells transduced with the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) gene form large tumors when injected into sublethally irradiated mice. These tumors regress when leukocyte function is reconstituted. Electron microscopy and immunocytochemical analysis of regressing C-26/G-CSF nodules indicates that tumor destruction is due mainly to hypoxia resulting from the functional loss of tumor vasculature and is only marginally due to direct cytolysis. Desegregation of basal lamina, cell swelling, and loss of junctions characterized the vessels within regressing tumors. Tumor cells were necrotic or filled with lipid vacuoles regardless of the distance from nearby vessels. Damage of tumor vasculature was dependent on the infiltrating leukocytes and the cytotoxic cytokines they produced. Locally produced interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin on tumor vessels. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or TNF-alpha blocked tumor regression by inhibiting VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression on tumor-associated endothelial cells resulting in a reduced number of infiltrating leukocytes. Thus, C-26/G-CSF tumor regression presents features typical of hemorrhagic necrosis that occurs through the cytokines produced by infiltrating leukocytes in response to G-CSF.
Implementation of motion capture support in smartphones (2010)

This thesis investigates the feasibility of developing cross-platform smart\nphone applications that utilize the Qualisys motion capture system. An Application\nProgramming Interface that implements an in-house communication\nprotocol is created for use on smart phones and other portable devices. Furthermore,\ntwo iPhone applications that utilizes the API are implemented - a\nviewfinder and a goniometer.<br><br>\nDenna rapport utreder möjligheterna att utveckla plattformsoberoende applikationer\nför smarta telefoner som utnyttjar Qualisys system för motion\ncapture. Fokus är dock inriktat på utveckling för iPhone. Ett bibliotek för realtidskommunikation\nmed Qualisys Track Manager beskrivs även. Slutligen\npresenteras två iPhone-applikationer som använder biblioteket - en sökare\noch en goniometer.
A Modified Program for Estimating the Parameters of the SSI Model (2011)

Temperature has a significant influence on the development rates of poikilotherms. There are many nonlinear mathematical models for describing temperature-dependent development rates. Among these models, the Sharpe-Schoolfield (SS) model with six parameters may be the most popular one. The reciprocal of the denominator in the SS model represents the probability of enzyme being in the active state. There is a reference temperature, 25°C, which was defined as a temperature at which the probability of enzyme being in the active state reaches its maximum. However, several examples of using the SS model to fit experimental data display that the probability of enzyme being in the active state does not reach its maximum at 25°C. For different taxonomic groups, the temperatures at which the probability of enzyme being in the active state reaches its maximum might be different. Thus, Ikemoto modified the SS model to a new model (i.e., the SSI model) which can meet the condition that at a particular temperature the probability of enzyme being in the active state can reach its maximum. In addition, Ikemoto related the SSI model to the linear model and devised an algorithm to estimate model parameters; however, that original program of Ikemoto is so time-consuming that it limits the use of the SSI model. We provide a new program for a faster estimation of the parameters in the SSI model. One complete run of the new program takes less than 1 min (using R 2.10.1). This new program allows investigators to use the SSI model more readily. In addition, we test the linear approximation of the SSI model over three temperature ranges: low, middle, and high temperatures. We also provide a method for calculating the tangent at any point in the SSI model.
Variable precision depth encoding for 3D range geometry compression (2020)

State-of-the-art 3D range geometry compression algorithms that utilize principles of phase shifting perform encoding with a fixed frequency; therefore, it is not possible to encode individual points within a scene at various degrees of precision. This paper presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for accurately encoding 3D range geometry within the color channels of a 2D RGB image that allows the encoding frequency-and therefore the encoding precision-to be uniquely determined for each coordinate. The proposed method can thus be used to balance between encoding precision and file size by encoding geometry along a statistical distribution. For example, a normal distribution allows for more precise encoding where the density of data is high and less precise encoding where the density of data is low. Alternative distributions may be followed to produce encodings optimized for specific applications. In general, the nature of the proposed encoding method enables the precision to be freely controlled at each point or centered around identified features of interest, ideally enabling this method to be used within a wide range of applications.
Telecommunications services in the next decade (1986)

In this paper, the authors present their views concerning what types of telecommunications services are likely to come into existence or become widespread during the next decade. The paper is organized in terms of fundamental customer needs which those services should help to satisfy. In particular, the following categories of needs are considered: i) Information Productivity, ii) Cost-Effectiveness and Control, iii) Telemarketing, iv) Media and Protocol Conversion, v) Entertainment, and vi) Telecommunications Ubiquity. Throughout the paper, the special role of ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is highlighted. It is pointed out that ISDN provides generic capabilities--a standardized digital interface, wider bandwidth, and powerful, out-of-band signaling and control--which facilitate the construction of a wide variety of new services. Finally, after discussing many potential new services in detail, the authors summarize some of the major trends which seem certain to characterize the changing face of telecommunications services in the next decade. Among these are: wider bandwidth, more data and digitization, multimedia capability, services "on demand," and internationalization. The authors also briefly discuss network-based versus CPE-based services and the likely roles of public versus private networks.
Thermal Energy Storage and Control (1975)

Eutectic fluoride mixtures of alkali and alkaline earth metals posses extremely high thermal storage capacities, and are therefore suitable for space heating as well as for powering heat engines. Their melting points ranging from 449 to 832° C are well adapted to any high level heat supply. The compounds are of high chemical stability and show no corrosive action with stainless steel. In order to make efficient use of the stored heat, good thermal insulation and controllable heat transfer are achieved by a multifoil insulation jacket with a controllable hydrogen filling. For powering engines energy transfer is realized by heat pipes.
Metallic Glasses Bulk Up (1998)

Vitreloy, a metallic–glass alloy of zirconium and beryllium from Amorphous Technologies International (ATI) in Laguna Niquel, CA, is extensively being used in golf clubs. Liquidmetal golf-club heads are fabricated from an amorphous metal alloy that has excellent rebound and vibration-absorbing properties. Research indicates that the prized physical properties of metallic glasses arise in large part from their lack of grain boundaries, which can serve as points of weakness. Liquidmetal putters have a ‘soft’ feel when striking the ball, which the makers claim provides players with improved touch on putting greens. The elevated strength-to-weight ratios exhibited by Liquidmetal alloys make the metallic glasses promising for a range of high-performance applications. Sports enthusiasts may also soon find bulk metallic glasses like Vitreloy in other high-end sporting goods such as tennis rackets, baseball bats, bicycle frames, hunting bows, and even edged tools such as axes. ATl management stated that high-performance sporting goods are only a first step in the market; the new family of materials could also be promising for other, more serious applications.
Mixed reconstitution of mutated subunits of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase coexpressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> – two tags tie it up (1999)

The active form of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is a p66/p51 heterodimer, in which the p51 subunit is generated by C‐terminal proteolytic cleavage of p66. A well‐known problem of p66 recombinant expression is partial cleavage of a 15‐kDa peptide from the C‐terminus by host proteases that can not be completely suppressed. In order to analyse the contribution of specific residues to a particular function in one distinct subunit, an expression and purification system is required that selects for the combination of the two individual subunits with the desired substitutions. We reconstituted the p66/p51 heterodimer from subunits coexpressed in Escherichia coli as an N‐terminal fusion protein of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) with p51 and a C‐terminally His‐tagged p66, respectively. The two‐plasmid coexpression system ensures convenience for gene manipulation while degradation is reduced to a minimum, as dimerization protects the protein from further proteolysis. The combination of glutathione‐agarose, phenyl‐superose and Ni/nitrilotriacetate affinity chromatography allows rapid and selective purification of the desired subunit combination. Truncated forms of p51 are efficiently removed. Mobility‐shift assay revealed that the preparations are free of p66 homodimer. In a successful test of the novel expression system, mixed reconstituted RTs with p51 selectively mutated in a putative nucleic acid binding motif (the so called helix clamp) show reduced binding of dsDNA in mobility‐shift assays. This indicates the p51 subunit has an active role in DNA binding
A color compensation algorithm to avoid color distortion in active dimming liquid crystal displays (2010)

In LCD applications, various low power techniques, such as low voltage driving LEDs, high efficiency DC-DC converter circuitries, active backlight control schemes and the likes, have been applied to a backlight, which occupies the huge portion of total power consumption. Especially, it is a well-known fact that active dimming methods have accomplished considerable power reduction by as much as 20% up to 50% compared to the constant backlight method. However, the former technique may involve several artifacts such as color distortion, clipping, and so on. In this paper, color distortion in an active dimming LCD system caused by the mismatch between gamma values of pixel compensation algorithm and RGB sub-pixels, is analyzed and lowered by the proposed color compensation algorithm. This color compensation algorithm achieves the dramatic reduction on the color distortion without any loss of power saving performances. The maximum color difference ΔE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ab</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sup> has been measured for each test image with the previous pixel compensation approaches (method-1 and method-2), and the average value of ΔE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ab</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sup> has been obtained over 24 KODAK images. The resultant average value of a color compensated active dimming algorithm has been reduced to 0.413 and 0.478, compared to 24.595 and 9.527 of the conventional active dimming algorithms for method-1 and method-2, respectively.