gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of thrombus formation in ischemic stroke: novel insights and targets for treatment (2008)

In ischemic stroke, treatment options are limited. Therapeutic thrombolysis is restricted to the first few hours after stroke, and the utility of current platelet aggregation inhibitors, including GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, and anticoagulants is counterbalanced by the risk of intracerebral bleeding complications. Numerous attempts to establish neuroprotection in ischemic stroke have been unfruitful. Thus, there is strong demand for novel treatment strategies. Major advances have been made in understanding the molecular functions of platelet receptors such as glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and GPVI and their downstream signaling pathways that allow interference with their function. Inhibition of these receptors in the mouse stroke model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion prevented infarctions without increasing the risk of intracerebral bleeding. Similarly, it is now clear that the intrinsic coagulation factor XII (FXII) and FXI play a functional role in thrombus formation and stabilization during stroke: their deficiency or blockade protects from cerebral ischemia without overtly affecting hemostasis. Based on the accumulating evidence that thrombus formation and hemostasis are not inevitably linked, new concepts for prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke may eventually emerge without the hazard of severe bleeding complications. This review discusses recent advances related to antithrombotic strategies in experimental stroke research.
User expectations for the location of web objects (2001)

This study examined where individuals expect specific web-related objects to be located on a typical web page. The web objects examined were: web page title, internal and external grouping of links, a link to the homepage, internal search engine, and advertisement banner(s). The results suggest that users do have definable expectations concerning the location of these web objects.
Local Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in the Pulmonary Inflammatory Response to<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Infection (2002)

The local intrapulmonary role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in a protective host response during acute and chronic infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is incompletely understood. To directly assess its role in the intrapulmonary immune response, we compared the responses of transgenic mice with a local pulmonary blockade of TNF-alpha (SPCTNFRIIFc mice) to mice with globally inhibited TNF-alpha (TNFRKO mice) and mice with normal immune systems (control mice). Consistent with previous reports, 100% of TNFRKO mice died by 28 days after aerosol infection, and these mice had markedly increased numbers of bacteria and widespread tissue necrosis in their lungs compared to controls. The median survival time of the SPCTNFRIIFc mice was 142 days, and 75% died by 180 days. Even though the numbers of bacteria in the lungs of the SPCTNFRIIFc mice were marginally increased compared to controls, these mice had a persistent neutrophilic inflammatory response and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 alpha/beta [IL-1 alpha/beta], IL-18, gamma interferon, IL-6, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor) and chemokines (eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha/beta, gamma interferon-inducible protein 10, macrophage chemotaxic protein 1, and TCA-3) in their lungs. These studies with the SPCTNFRIIFc mice provide direct evidence for the local importance of TNF-alpha in the proper regulation of host defense to M. tuberculosis. The studies also suggest that when the local actions of TNF-alpha are selectively impaired in the lungs, tissue destruction and death ensue, at least in part, due to persistent expression of proinflammatory mediators that would normally be downregulated.
Einführung (1980)

Der Begriff der Dienstleistungen wird sowohl in volkswirtschaftlichen als auch in betriebswirtschaftlichen Untersuchungen recht verschieden gebraucht bzw. abgegrenzt. Eine Anzahl von Definitionen liegt bereits vor, auf die jedoch nicht weiter eingegangen werden soll, weil hier eine präzise Begriffsbestimmung nicht erforderlich scheint. Am intensivsten hat sich wohl Rudolf Maleri im deutschsprachigen Raum mit diesen Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der “Dienstleistungs- produktion” befaßt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist zwischen Mikro- und MakroÖkonomik anzusiedeln, befaßt sich also mit Fragen der “Mesoökonomik” im Sinn von Rudolf Peters. Wegen der Themenstellung soll eine Gliederung nach Branchen verwendet werden, eine globale Behandlung wäre wegen der Heterogenität des Dienstleistungssektors nicht angebracht. Allerdings ist es nicht möglich, alle Branchen, die dem Wirtschaftsbereich der Dienstleistungen zugerechnet werden, zu betrachten. Die Gliederung der amtlichen Statistik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird nicht verwendet, obwohl dadurch erhebliches Datenmaterial verlorengeht. Dort werden aber beispielsweise Banken und Versicherungen zusammengefaßt behandelt - im Hinblick auf den Standort und die Standorttendenzen unterscheiden sich Banken und Versicherungen jedoch wesentlich voneinander. Auch ist es erforderlich, die Industrieverwaltungen zu betrachten, weil ihre Standorte für die städtische Entwicklung ebenfalls bedeutsam erscheinen. Die Themenstellung erfordert also ein Abweichen von der Gliederung der amtlichen Statistik.
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of grape melanin. Inhibitory effects on paw edema and adjuvant induced disease. (1998)

Natural or synthetic melanin (CAS 8049-97-6) is a high molecular weight heteropolymer, product of the enzyme tyrosinase, found to possess radical scavenging and antioxidant functions. It was of interest, therefore, to study in detail the possible anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive properties of a melanin isolated from grapes. The inhibitory effect of melanin on carrageenin-induced edema, as well as on edemas produced by other phlogistics, was remarkable suggesting that melanin interferes with the prostaglandin as well as the leukotriene and/or complement system mediated inflammation. Grape melanin showed potent inhibitory effect on adjuvant induced disease (AID) in rat, suppressing significantly the primary inflammation and almost totally the secondary lesions of arthritis. Melanin under the present experimental conditions not only strongly inhibited the in vitro lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomal membranes, but furthermore protected the in vivo hepatic peroxidation occurring in AID rats, demonstrating its antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. The serum proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a and the serum globulin fraction were elevated in AID rats, parameters which were more or less normalised by melanin treatment in contrast to the reduced serum levels of IL-2 which were not affected. Similarly to other lipoxygenase inhibitors and hydroxyl radical scavenger NSAIDs, melanin treatment did not affect IL-1 neither increased the splenic mitogenic responses, unlike the classical cyclooxygenase inhibitory NSAIDs. The subpopulation Th1 (T4+ or T8+) of lymphocytes is mainly responsible for cellular immune responses and thus their possible inhibition by melanin could lead to suppression of the development of AID, a model for cell-mediated immunity. The effect of melanin on T-cells is exhibited by the reduced spleen mitogenic responses to a T-cell mitogen and the reduced serum levels of IL-2 of treated rats. In conclusion, grape melanin is an interesting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating natural product which appears to have multiple cellular targets within the reticuloendothelial and immune system.
Preparation of 2-substituted indole sulfonamides and subsequent conversion to indole-2-carboxylic acids, indole-2-carbonitriles, and 2-acylindoles (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 2-substituted indole sulfonamides and subsequent conversion to indole-2-carboxylic acids, indole-2-carbonitriles, and 2-acylindolesCharles D. JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 23, 3624–3625Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00796a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00796a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views573Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative Glycomic Analysis by Mass-Defect-Based Dimethyl Pyrimidinyl Ornithine (DiPyrO) Tags and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2018)

We recently developed a novel amine-reactive mass-defect-based chemical tag, dimethyl pyrimidinyl ornithine (DiPyrO), for quantitative proteomic analysis at the MS<sup>1</sup> level. In this work, we further extend the application of the DiPyrO tag, which provides amine group reactivity, optical detection capability, and improved electrospray sensitivity, to quantify N-linked glycans enzymatically released from glycoproteins in the glycosylamine form. Duplex DiPyrO tags that differ in mass by 45.3 mDa were used to label the glycosylamine moieties of freshly released N-glycosylamines from glycoprotein standards and human serum proteins. We demonstrate that both MALDI-LTQ-Orbitrap and nano-HILIC LC/MS/MS Fusion Lumos Orbitrap platforms are capable of resolving the singly or multiply charged N-glycans labeled with mass-defect DiPyrO tags. Dynamic range of quantification, based on MS<sup>1</sup> peak intensities, was evaluated across 2 orders of magnitude. With optimized N-glycan release conditions, glycosylamine labeling conditions, and MS acquisition parameters, the N-glycan profiles and abundances in human serum proteins of cancer patients before and after chemotherapy were compared. Moreover, this study also opens a door for using well-developed amine-reactive tags for relative quantification of glycans, which could be widely applied.
Separation and Characterization of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-Carboline-3-Carboxylic Acids by HPLC and GC-MS. Identification in Wine Samples (1994)

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acids, products of the reaction of tryptophan and aldehydes in alcoholic fermented beverages (10), were isolated by solid phase extraction, analyzed by HPLC, and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry after derivatization to form N-trifluoroacetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl esters. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (THCA) and 1-methyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (both diastereoisomers) were positively identified in wine samples. 1-Ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (ETCA) and 1-isobutyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (IBTCA) were not identified in the wines studied.
Scanning workstation memory for malicious codes using dedicated coprocessors (2006)

This paper describes the implementation of a coprocessor platform for scanning workstation memory in order to detect signatures of malicious codes. The coprocessor is especially beneficial in clusters of workstations used for high performance computing where the overhead imposed by software-based intrusion detection codes is unacceptable. The coprocessor connects to the host via the PCI bus and accesses the host's memory using bus mastering DMA.The coprocessor interprets the host's virtual memory data structures in order to fetch page frames associated with specific processes into local memory. Once a set of page frames is in local memory, the coprocessor searches the memory content for signatures of known malicious codes. The coprocessor implementation requires no modification to the kernel code. Furthermore, the coprocessor software only requires a small set of initialization data during system bootup. After this initialization, the coprocessor operates independently from the host's processors.Empirical analysis of prototype coprocessor implementation demonstrates the effectiveness of the coprocessor in detecting malicious codes without intervention from the host processor. The additional memory bus traffic generated by the coprocessor causes a small performance reduction, especially for software that does not make effective use of the host processor's cache. Conversely, the impact of the coprocessor induced PCI traffic is negligible on I/O bound applications.
Hydrolysis and Rearrangement Reactions of Caryophyllene Oxide (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis and Rearrangement Reactions of Caryophyllene OxideXiaogen Yang and Max DeinzerCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1994, 57, 4, 514–517Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50106a012https://doi.org/10.1021/np50106a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views436Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation statistics of bipolar multilevel memristive mechanism and characterizations in a thin FeOx transition layer of TiN/SiO2/FeOx/Fe structure (2011)

We investigated multilevel resistance switching characteristics of the thin FeOx transition layer in a TiN/SiO2/FeOx/Fe structure by controlling the current compliance and stopped voltage during the set and reset processes, respectively. It is observed that the resistive state could be easily tunable by controlling external electric conditions. The multilevel memristive mechanism was characterized by distinguishing the electrical behaviors statistically, inferring that the reset process is associated with the mobile-ion-assisted electrochemical redox. Moreover, the set process is also modeled by power dissipation behaviors. The presented mathematical and physical model provides a possibility to elucidate a universal mechanism for bipolar multilevel memristor.
Sulfadiazine Silver-Resistant Pseudomonas in Burns (1981)

Sulfadiazine silver-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burned patients from several countries are sensitive to sulfadiazine silver in vitro, but in burned mice and rats resist topical therapy with sulfadiazine silver. In searching for an effective topical agent against these resistant organisms, we found that FPQC (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7[1-piperazinyl]-quinoline-carboxylic acid) and its silver salt are effective both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, their minimal inhibitory concentrations are ten to 20 times lower than that of sulfadiazine silver. In burned mice infected with resistant Pseudomonas strains, mortality in groups receiving topical therapy with FPQC or FPQC silver is 0%, but 80% to 100% with sulfadiazine silver and 100% without treatment. Similar results were obtained in burned rats. The efficacy of FPQC and FPQC silver in vivo may represent discovery of new agents of known low toxicity that are useful in topical burn therapy.
Monophosphoryl lipid A attenuates the effects of endotoxic shock in pigs. (1992)

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) is a nontoxic lipid A derivative that maintains many of the beneficial immunomodulatory activities of the parent lipopolysaccharide molecule, including the induction of tolerance to endotoxin. The hemodynamic effects of Salmonella minnesota MPL (300 mg/kg) and S. minnesota lipopolysaccharide (300 micrograms/kg) were compared in 20 minipigs. Decreases in cardiac output and arterial pressure and increases in pulmonary artery pressure and lactic acidosis were significantly greater in animals treated with lipopolysaccharide. These changes were associated with peak tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels of 1373 +/- 79 U/ml in animals treated with LPS and 157 +/- 31 U/ml in animals treated with MPL. Ten minipigs were subsequently randomized to receive S. minnesota MPL (30 micrograms/kg) or diluent intravenously 48 hours before receiving S. minnesota lipopolysaccharide (300 micrograms/kg IV). MPL significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced decreases in mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume index, and mixed venous oxygen saturation. At baseline, no significant difference could be seen in TNF levels between diluent and MPL pigs. TNF levels peaked 2 hours after LPS infusion at 1190 +/- 156 U/ml in diluent pigs and at 539 +/- 126 U/ml in MPL pigs (p less than 0.05). Each of the pigs pretreated with MPL survived endotoxic shock, whereas only one of the five diluent pigs survived. These observations are consistent with the induction of endotoxin tolerance by pretreatment with MPL.
Image-sensor-based target maneuver detection (1993)

In tracking maneuvering targets, ascertaining the start and the end of a maneuver time is a prerequisite to maintaining good track quality. Existing maneuver detection schemes based on point-mass tracking are either inadequate to reliably detect rapid maneuvers or computationally impractical. Maneuver detection based on images can be more accurate but is also very demanding on computational and storage resources. A new method of detecting maneuvers using information from an image sensor is presented. It involves the use of two detectors, one to detect linear acceleration and the other to detect orientation changes of the target. To detect target maneuvers, the detectors continuously monitor the position of three points extracted from the target image-the centroid, the front centroid, and the rear centroid. Contrary to existing image-based tracking methods, the approach put forth is very attractive from computational and storage points of view. The proposed method was tested using simulated tracks and the results confirm the benefits of its utilization for maneuver detection.
SOUNDSPOTTER / REMIX-TV: FAST APPROXIMATE MATCHING FOR AUDIO AND VIDEO PERFORMANCE (2007)

SoundSpotter is an open source software system for realtime matching of an audio input stream to a database of continuous audio or video.Among its novel features are real-time control over audio segmentation, feature selection and match radius.The system uses audio input to control selection of output from a database using approximate matching.The low latency methods employed allow a feedback loop between the performer and SoundSpotter, so it can be used as a live electronic musical instrument.We employ approximate matching using nearest neighbor search with variable-length sequences of features.The feature space is controlled by range selection over the feature vector dimensions determining which are left out of similarity calculations.The current implementation is capable of real-time matching in tens of hours of audio or video on current laptop hardware.Finally, we describe a SoundSpotterdriven video editing application called REMIX-TV.
Evaluation of stored blood viability by methylene blue reduction. (1969)

Abstract Acceptability of stored blood for transfusion is evaluated in a new and simple manner by measuring the uptake of methylene blue by red cells. This measure reflects changes in metabolic activity associated with storage and has a high correlation with viability. Its use may permit recognition of blood suitable for transfusion beyond the storage limit of 21 days.
Fast Diffusion in Semiconductors (1988)

Elements diffusing in semiconductors are frequently classified as or diffusers (1). Slow diffusers have diffusion coefficients reasonably close to those of self-diffusion, whereas fast diffusers have diffusion coefficients that are many orders of magnitude larger than those of slow diffusers for a given temperature. In Figure 1 this classification is exem­ plified for the diffusion of various elements in crystalline silicon. The large difference in the diffusion rates of fast and slow diffusers derives mainly from their different diffusion mechanisms, which in turn are closely related to their incorporation in the semiconductor lattice. Slow diffusers, such as the common group III and group V dopants, are substitutionally dissolved and require intrinsic point defects (vacancies and/or self-interstitials) for their diffusion process, whereas fast diffusers, such as Cu, Li, H, or Fe, are predominantly interstitially dissolved and move by jumping from inter­ stitial site to interstitial site (Figure 2) without requiring the presence of intrinsic point defects. Since most interstitially dissolved elements are only weakly bound to the lattice, the jump process itself does not involve breaking bonds as in the case of substitutionally dissolved elements. There are also elements with diffusion coefficients between the extreme fast and slow diffusers, such as oxygen or gold in silicon. Oxygen is interstitially dissolved, but forms fairly strong bonds with the two neighboring silicon atoms. These bonds are broken during the jump from interstitial site to interstitial site (Figure 3), which slows down the diffusion process (24). Gold in silicon is an example of an element that is predominantly substitutionally dissolved but diffuses interstitially (5-6). The cor­ responding substitutional-interstitial diffusion mechanism (7, 8) also plays