gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Pharmacology of Prazosin and Phentolamine in Patients with Heart Failure (1980)

In a controlled crossover study we assessed the effects of an initial single oral dose of 150 mg phentolamine or 2 mg prazosin on the haemodynamics and plasma concentrations of noradrenaline in 12 patients with mild to moderate cardiac dysfunction in cardiomyopathy (NYHA Classes I-III). Nine of these patients continued chronic oral treatment with either 300-450 mg phentolamine or 7.5-15 mg prazosin for a period of 4-6 weeks each in randomised order. The effects on both haemodynamics and plasma noradrenaline were essentially the same under the treatment with both drugs. The acute effect on reduction of exercise-induced elevation of diastolic pulmonary artery pressure was abolished after chronic treatment. However, significant increase in stroke volume—on average, from 83 ± 7.2 to 100 ± 6.0 ml (phentolamine) and 99 ± 6.7 ml (prazosin)—occurred only after chronic treatment. Increased sympathetic activity, as expressed in plasma noradrenaline concentrations, was similar under both phentolamine and prazosin. There was no direct evidence for the clinical relevance of the more pronounced presynaptic α-blockade with phentolamine as compared with the almost pure postsynaptic α-blocking properties of prazosin. Development of tolerance seemed to occur with both drugs; however, haemodynamic benefit in terms of increased stroke volume could only be achieved after chronic treatment.
Contrasting Effects of WIN 55212–2 on Motility of the Rat Bladder and Uterus (2002)

Both the uterus and bladder contain cannabinoid (CB) receptors whose functions are poorly understood. Here, in urethane-anesthetized female rats in metestrus, we simultaneously compared the effects of close-arterial injections of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN2) on uterine contractions (amplitude and rate) and micturition thresholds (MT) assessed by cystometry. Five doses of WIN2 were delivered (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 micromol/kg) in three groups: (1) controls; (2) after bladder inflammation with intravesicular turpentine; and (3) after bilateral hypogastric neurectomy (HYPX). In some rats, drugs were delivered via the tail vein. Regarding bladder, WIN2 dose-dependently reduced MTs in all groups. Both bladder inflammation and HYPX significantly increased this effect. Regarding uterus, WIN2 dose-dependently increased uterine contraction amplitude. Bladder inflammation or HYPX significantly decreased this effect. Coinjection of the CB1 antagonist SR141716A (SR) (1.5 micromol/kg) and WIN2 (0.5 micromol/kg) abolished or reduced the effects of WIN2 in both organs. SR alone had significant effects only after HYPX, reducing both MT and uterine contraction amplitude. The vehicle (0.4% DMSO) and inactive enantiomer S(-)-WIN 55,212-3 were both ineffective. Close-arterial injections of WIN2 (0.5 micromol/kg) produced significantly larger effects in both organs than tail vein injections. These results indicate that, whereas WIN2 reduces bladder motility, it mainly increases uterine motility, likely via CB1 receptors located in the two organs. The opposing effects of bladder inflammation and HYPX on the potency of WIN in the two organs suggest a neurally mediated viscero-visceral interaction in which bladder inflammation influences uterine CB1 sensitivity, possibly by inhibiting adrenergic input to the uterus.
The coordinator attrition problem in the United States: myth or reality? (1998)

Excessive attrition among organ procurement coordinators has been suspected problem for many years. In 1994 the United Network for Organ Sharing undertook a procurement coordinator attrition study. Initially, focus groups were conducted in conjunction with the 1994 North American Transplant Coordinators Organization's annual meeting. In 1996, 69 executive directors from organ procurement organizations were surveyed on the subject of procurement coordinator attrition. Thirty-five executive directors responded, resulting in a 51% response rate. The UNOS procurement coordinator attrition study explored actual attrition rates, relationships of certain demographic factors to attrition rates, economic impact of attrition on the organizations, and various job tenure issues. The period under study was January 1, 1990 through December 31, 1993. Results did not demonstrate an industry-wide attrition problem. Additionally, the study revealed no enduring attrition problem in any single organization, and some organizations were found to have no attrition during the entire study period.
A simple approach of synthesis of graphene oxide from pure graphite: Time stirring duration variation (2021)

In this work, the process of synthesis of graphene oxide was carried using modified Hummer’s method. Synthesizing graphene oxide was obtained by threating pure graphite using KMnO4 and H2SO4 as the oxidizing agent and sonicating the solution to separate the layers of the graphite. The result of the graphene oxide then reduced to reduce graphene oxide using Aluminum powder (Al). The process of synthesizing graphene oxide was controlled by reaction/stirring time duration at constant temperature 40 °C. Graphite oxide, graphene oxide and reduce graphene oxide were characterize using Scanning Electron Microscope, UV-Visible spectra, X-ray Diffraction, and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. The result shows that the 7 hours reaction/stirring time duration has better degree of oxidation. The simple approach is designed to produce large scale production of graphene oxide and reduce graphene oxide.
Controlled assembly of rodlike viruses with polymers (2009)

A practical method to assemble rodlike tobacco mosaic virus and bateriophage M13 with polymers was developed, which afforded a 3D core-shell composite with morphological control.
Server Management (2000)

From the Publisher:
CRC Press, LLC presents the Best Practices In series. Auerbach publishing, a world-renowned leader in Information Technology and Information Systems, announces a bold new publishing program to serve the ever increasing needs of the IT professional. This series is designed to provide cutting-edge techniques and practices of leading IT organizations; these are must have reference works for any IT organization.
The effect of mutations in the MHC class I peptide binding groove on the cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of the K<sup>b</sup>‐restricted ovalbumin determinant (1990)

The H-2Kb-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response directed against ovalbumin (OVA) is specific for a region contained within the sequence OVA253-276. In this study we have characterized this response by examining the class I-restricted presentation of OVA peptides by the naturally occurring Kb mutant (Kbm) glycoproteins Kbm1, Kbm3, Kbm5, Kbm8, Kbm10, Kbm11 and Kbm23. To facilitate this study we derived a series of somatic cell hybrid targets expressing the various Kbm class I molecules. Experiments using bulk OVA-specific CTL from C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that all the Kbm molecules except for Kbm1 and Kbm8 could present OVA peptides for effective T cell recognition. Clonal analysis revealed a more complex and relatively diverse pattern of CTL recognition of the Kbm/peptide combinations. This diversity is unlikely to result from the existence of multiple, independent Kb-restricted T cell determinants within OVA, since all CTL tested were specific for a single region between residues 259 and 273. Examination of the fine specificity of Kbm presentation identified individual changes at residues 77, 80 and 116 which affected T cell recognition. The results imply that these changes do not inhibit peptide binding since some clones could recognize peptide presented by a particular Kbm molecule, while other clones could not. All three residues reside within the peptide-binding cleft of the class I protein and are not expected to directly contact the T cell receptor. Although we did not formally demonstrate that OVA binding by Kbm vs. Kb is quantitatively identical, our results are best explained by postulating that the changes at residues 77, 80 and 116 indirectly affect T cell recognition by altering peptide conformation. Taken together our results suggest that changes within the class I binding site can profoundly modify peptide presentation without significantly inhibiting peptide-class I association.
Development of Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films and Membranes for Low-Energy Gas Separation (2011)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid organic-inorganic micro- or mesoporous materials that exhibit regular crystalline lattices with rigid pore structures. Chemical functionalization of the organic linkers in the structures of MOFs affords facile control over pore size and physical properties, making MOFs attractive materials for application in gas-separating membranes. A wealth of reports exist discussing the synthesis of MOF structures, however relatively few reports exist discussing MOF membranes. This disparity owes to challenges associated with fabricating films of hybrid materials, including poor substrate-film interactions, moisture sensitivity, and thermal instability. Since even nanometer scale cracks and defects can affect the performance of a membrane for gas separation, these challenges are particularly acute for MOF membranes. The focus of this work is the development of novel methods for MOF film and membrane fabrication with a view to overcoming these challenges. The MOF film production methods discussed herein include in situ synthesis using ligand-modified or metal-modified supports and rapid thermal deposition (RTD).
A low-complexity generalized sphere decoding approach for underdetermined linear communication systems: performance and complexity evaluation (2009)

For underdetermined linear systems, original sphere decoding (SD) algorithms fail due to zero diagonal elements in the upper-triangular matrix of the QR or Cholesky factorization of the underdetermined matrix. To solve this problem, this paper presents a low-complexity generalized sphere decoding (GSD) approach by transforming the original underdetermined problem into the full-column-rank one so that standard SD can be directly applied on the transformed problem. Since the introduced transformation maintains the dimension of the original problem for all M-QAM's, the proposed GSD approach provides significant reduction in complexity as compared to other GSD schemes, especially for M-QAM with large signaling constellation. Both performance and expected complexity are analyzed to provide the comprehensive relationships between the performance and complexity of the proposed GSD and its parameters. Illustrative simulation and analytical results are in good agreement in terms of both the performance and complexity and indicate that with the properly selected design parameters, the proposed GSD scheme can approach the optimum maximumlikelihood decoding (MLD) performance with low complexity for underdetermined linear communication systems including underdetermined MIMO systems, and the proposed expected complexity analysis can be used as reliable complexity estimation for practical implementation of the proposed algorithm and serve as reference for other GSD algorithms.
Early Weaning of Fall‐Born Beef Calves: II. Postweaning Performance of Early‐ and Normal‐Weaned Calves (1991)

A 5‐yr study was conducted to compare the effects of early weaning at approximately 110 d of age with normal weaning at approximately 220 d in fall‐born beef calves ( Bos taurus ). Differences in postweaning performance of steer and heifer calves that were early‐ or normal‐weaned are reported in this paper. One hundred fifty‐two Shorthorn × Angus × Hereford steers were used to study the effects of early weaning on feed‐lot performance and carcass cutability. Slaughter date was determined by using a combination of visual appraisal and sonoray measurements to slaughter steers at a relatively constant fat thickness. Early‐weaned steers were 31 lb heavier ( P = 0.02) at slaughter than normal‐weaned steers. Early‐weaned steers had greater ( P < 0.05) daily gain from normal weaning to slaughter and were 11 d younger ( P < 0.01) at slaughter than normal‐weaned steers. Forty‐seven heifer calves that were either early‐ or normal‐weaned in 1982, 1983, or 1984 were returned to the breeding herds. Reproductive performance was not different.
Evidence that methylation of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B modulates HBV replication (2009)

Epigenetic factors may modulate chronic Hepatitis B viral infection by affecting virion gene transcription. The aim of this study was to compare the methylation status of the intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) CpG island 2 and HBV replication capability. HBV cccDNA was extracted from liver biopsies of 55 HBsAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (32 HBeAg-positive and 23 HBeAg-negative), and was analyzed for methylation status and quantity. The two Hpa II recognition sequences CCpGG in the CpG island 2 were methylated in infected liver tissues from 24 (43.6%) of 55 patients. Positive ratios of cccDNA methylation were significantly higher in HBeAg-negative patients (15/23, 65.2%) than HBeAg-positive patients (9/32, 28.1%) (P < 0.05). The percentage of methylated-cccDNA/total-cccDNA of HBeAg-negative samples (a median of 48%, ranging from 5% to 83%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than HBeAg-positive samples (a median of 14%, ranging from 0.26% to 35%). Ratios of relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) to cccDNA molecules revealed that cccDNA methylation correlated with impaired virion productivity in HBeAg-positive individuals (P < 0.05). The bisulfite DNA sequencing showed that methylation density was significantly higher in HBeAg-negative than in HBeAg-positive patients (P < 0.05). The methylation level of the CpG island 2 of the cccDNA in HBeAg-negative patients was higher than that in HBeAg-positive patients, suggesting that HBV cccDNA methylation may be relevant to replication capability of HBV.
Towards a systematics for protein subcelluar location: quantitative description of protein localization patterns and automated analysis of fluorescence microscope images. (2000)

Determination of the functions of all expressed proteins represents one of the major upcoming challenges in computational molecular biology. Since subcellular location plays a crucial role in protein function, the availability of systems that can predict location from sequence or high-throughput systems that determine location experimentally will be essential to the full characterization of expressed proteins. The development of prediction systems is currently hindered by an absence of training data that adequately captures the complexity of protein localization patterns. What is needed is a systematics for the subcellular locations of proteins. This paper describes an approach to the quantitative description of protein localization patterns using numerical features and the use of these features to develop classifiers that can recognize all major subcellular structures in fluorescence microscope images. Such classifiers provide a valuable tool for experiments aimed at determining the subcellular distributions of all expressed proteins. The features also have application in automated interpretation of imaging experiments, such as the selection of representative images or the rigorous statistical comparison of protein distributions under different experimental conditions. A key conclusion is that, at least in certain cases, these automated approaches are better able to distinguish similar protein localization patterns than human observers.
Tunable second harmonic generation devices with an integrated micro-heater (2008)

We present design, fabrication and characterization of a novel integrated device for tuning the wavelength of quasi-phase matched (QPM) second harmonic generation (SHG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) wavelength converter. A Cr/Pt/Au thin film layer is deposited on a PPLN device with a polymer buffer layer to work as a micro-heater. Wavelength tuning is achieved by applying current to the micro-heater, which changes the effective period of QPM grating and thus the QPM wavelength through the thermal optics effect (TOE). In contrast to the conventional temperature tuning method based on a bulky oven, the proposed device has excellent characteristics such as compact, fast tuning speed and low power consumption.
Miniature Optical fiber combined pressure- and temperature sensor for medical applications (2012)

An Optical fiber Pressure Sensor (OFPS also referred to as FOPS) is combined with an Optical fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) to create a pressure and temperature sensitive sensor in a single optical fiber. This sensor is novel in its design and fabrication and it is using quartz glass only. The novel design allows access to in-vivo biomedical pressure measurements, which have previously been impossible to undertake due to size and compatibility constraints. Therefore, it can be used in several medical applications such as bladder or lung pressure measurement. Because of the small diameter (200 um), applications within blood vessels are also possible. The sensor is ideally suited to medical applications as it has demonstrated the required high accuracy (2 mmHg) and is miniature in size. It is also possible to use the sensor in harsh medical environments e.g. within Medical Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners and in the vicinity of Linear Accelerators (LinAcs).
Algorithms for the Solution of Multiparametric Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Optimization Problems (1999)

In this paper we present novel theoretical and algorithmic developments for the solution of mixed-integer optimization problems involving uncertainty, which can be posed as multiparametric mixed-integer optimization models, where uncertainty is described by a set of parameters bounded between lower and upper bounds. In particular, we address convex nonlinear formulations involving (i) 0−1 integer variables and (ii) uncertain parameters appearing linearly and separately and present on the right-hand side of the constraints. The developments reported in this work are based upon decomposition principles where the problem is decomposed into two iteratively converging subproblems: (i) a primal and (ii) a master subproblem, representing valid parametric upper and lower bounds on the final solution, respectively. The primal subproblem is formulated by fixing the integer variables which results in a multiparametric nonlinear programming (mp-NLP) problem, which is solved by outer-approximating the nonlinear functions at a number of points in the space of uncertain parameters to derive linear profiles. The aim of the master subproblem is then to propose another set of integer solutions which are better than the integer solutions that have already been analyzed in the primal subproblem. This can be achieved by (i) introducing cuts, (ii) employing outer-approximation (OA) principles, or (iii) using generalized benders decomposition (GBD) fundamentals. The algorithm terminates when the master problem cannot identify a better integer solution.
Bayer CFA Pattern Compression With JPEG XS (2021)

While traditional image compression algorithms take a full three-component color representation of an image as input, capturing of such images is done in many applications with Bayer CFA pattern sensors that provide only a single color information per sensor element and position. In order to avoid additional complexity at the encoder side, such CFA pattern images can be compressed directly without prior conversion to a full color image. In this paper, we describe a recent activity of the JPEG committee (ISO SC 29 WG 1) to develop such a compression algorithm in the framework of JPEG XS. It turns out that it is important to understand the "development process" from CFA patterns to full color images in order to optimize the image quality of such a compression algorithm, which we will also describe shortly. We introduce (1) a novel decorrelation step upfront processing (the so-called Star-Tetrix transform), along with (2) a pre-emphasis function to improve the compression efficiency of the subsequent compression algorithm (here, JPEG XS). Our experiments clearly indicate a gain over a RGB compression workflow in terms of complexity and quality (between 1.5dB and more than 4dB depending on the target bitrate). A comparison is also made with other state-of-the-art CFA compression techniques.
Multimedia Real Time Systems Using CBD (2008)

Multimedia communication aims at transferring various forms of data, audio and video simultaneously in a single network. The applications such as videoconferencing, digital TV, multimedia teaching, distance learning and video on-demand make use of multimedia network and communication technologies to provide quality of service (QoS). With the wide variety of different real time system applications we need specific software for those specific real time systems that will meet the requirements of an application. In this paper, we propose the design and development procedures for real time systems using component based methodology. It starts with the requirement analysis of a real time system and continues to provide the functional model of the system and also the environmental design as well. As more and more functions or components needed to be added in designing a software system a modularized and systematic approach becomes not an option. Hence this paper proposes a systematic and procedural approach that will help to build a more reliable and suitable software architecture. This paper also includes a case study - a Multimedia real time conferencing system, whose aim is to provide a brief demonstration of how to apply the architecture and notations that are presented in this paper.
Spatiotemporal pH Dynamics in Concentration Polarization near Ion-Selective Membranes (2014)

We present a detailed analysis of the transient pH dynamics for a weak, buffered electrolyte subject to voltage-driven transport through an ion-selective membrane. We show that pH fronts emanate from the concentration polarization zone next to the membrane and that these propagating fronts change the pH in the system several units from its equilibrium value. The analysis is based on a 1D model using the unsteady Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations with nonequilibrium chemistry and without assumptions of electroneutrality or asymptotically thin electric double layers. Nonequilibrium chemical effects, especially for water splitting, are shown to be important for the dynamical and spatiotemporal evolution of the pH fronts. Nonetheless, the model also shows that at steady state the assumption of chemical equilibrium can still lead to good approximations of the global pH distribution. Moreover, our model shows that the transport of the hydronium ion in the extended space charge region is governed by a balance between electromigration and water self-ionization. On the basis of this observation, we present a simple model showing that the net flux of the hydronium ion is proportional to the length of the extended space charge region and the water self-ionization rate. To demonstrate these effects in practice, we have adopted the experiment of Mai et al. (Mai, J.; Miller, H.; Hatch, A. V. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Concentration Polarization Induced pH Changes at Nanoconstrictions. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 10206) as a model problem, and by including the full chemistry and transport, we show that the present model can capture the experimentally observed pH fronts. Our model can, among other things, be used to predict and engineer pH dynamics, which can be essential to the performance of membrane-based systems for biochemical separation and analysis.