gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power control of DC microgrid using DC bus signaling (2011)

DC microgrid is an effective solution to integrate renewable energy sources with conventional utility grid, especially for photovoltaic generation. A DC microgrid configuration based on modular photovoltaic generation system and energy storage devices, which features good redundancy and high efficiency, is investigated in this paper. In order to optimize energy utilization, a power management scheme for DC microgrid is proposed, which consists of four operation modes. The DC bus voltage level is employed as an information carrier to distinguish different modes. Control methods of modular PV converters, battery converter and grid-connected converter are addressed. An automatic control method for modular PV converters is proposed to realize smooth switching between constant voltage operation and MPPT operation, which enables the DC bus voltage regulation capability of modular PV converters. This control method maintains the power balance of DC microgrid under extreme conditions such as the islanding mode with full-charged batteries. Experiments verify the practical feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.
A 65nm 1V to 0.5V linear regulator with ultra low quiescent current for mixed-signal ULV SoCs (2014)

A linear regulator for point of load power delivery with 280nA quiescent current and 0.008mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area is presented in this paper. Strong specifications on Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) and power consumption were included in the design at 0.5V output voltage to supply both low power analog and Ultra-Low-Voltage (ULV) digital circuits with a maximum load current of 0.5mA. Current mode pole splitting and NMOS source follower power stage allows us to optimize PSRR and guarantee stability whilst keeping low silicon footprint for the 6pf on-chip capacitor. We demonstrate its use for supplying a ULV CMOS imager that was manufactured in 65nm LP/GP CMOS process.
Mild solution synthesis of zinc oxide films with superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity (2005)

Zinc oxide superstructured films with superhydrophobicity or superhydrophilicity were successfully prepared by treatment of 1 mM of a Zn2+–hexamethylenetetramine mixed solution at 95 °C for a desired aging time.
A Comparative Study of Multivariate and Univariate Hidden Markov Modelings in Time-Binned Single-Molecule FRET Data Analysis (2010)

We compare two different types of hidden Markov modeling (HMM) algorithms, e.g., multivariate HMM (MHMM) and univariate HMM (UHMM), for the analysis of time-binned single-molecule fluorescence energy transfer (smFRET) data. In MHMM, the original two channel signals, i.e., the donor fluorescence intensity (I(D)) and acceptor fluorescence intensity (I(A)), are simultaneously analyzed. However, in UHMM, only the calculated FRET trajectory is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of both synthetic and experimental data, we find that, if the noise in the signal is described with a proper probability distribution, MHMM generally outperforms UHMM. We also show that, in the case of multiple trajectories, analyzing them simultaneously gives better results than averaging over individual analysis results.
R2* magnetic resonance imaging of the liver in patients with iron overload (2009)

R2* magnetic resonance imaging (R2*-MRI) can quantify hepatic iron content (HIC) by noninvasive means but is not fully investigated. Patients with iron overload completed 1.5T R2*-MRI examination and liver biopsy within 30 days. Forty-three patients (sickle cell anemia, n = 32; beta-thalassemia major, n = 6; and bone marrow failure, n = 5) were analyzed: median age, 14 years, median transfusion duration, 15 months, average (+/-SD) serum ferritin 2718 plus or minus 1994 ng/mL, and average HIC 10.9 plus or minus 6.8 mg Fe/g dry weight liver. Regions of interest were drawn and analyzed by 3 independent reviewers with excellent agreement of their measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98). Ferritin and R2*-MRI were weakly but significantly associated (range of correlation coefficients among the 3 reviewers, 0.41-0.48; all P < .01). R2*-MRI was strongly associated with HIC for all 3 reviewers (correlation coefficients, 0.96-0.98; all P < .001). This high correlation confirms prior reports, calibrates R2*-MRI measurements, and suggests its clinical utility for predicting HIC using R2*-MRI. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00675038.
Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease--an update. (1999)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the ageing population worldwide. Over 20 million people worldwide are affected by AD, which ensures that the disease imposes a major economic burden. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic clinical and neuropathological features. Neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques and amyloid angiopathy occur in varying severity in brains of patient's with Alzheimer's disease. Biological markers of AD allowing an early definitive premorbid diagnoses are currently not available. Memory loss for recent events is invariable and often the earliest prominent symptom. Language disorders, difficulties with complex tasks, depression, psychotic symptoms and behavioral changes are other common manifestations of AD. Diagnosis involves the early detection of cognitive decline and ruling out other causes of dementia like vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, fronto-temporal degeneration or reversible causes like hypothyroidism. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have shown to be effective in mild to moderate AD in improving the cognitive function of patients in clinical trials. Caregiver intervention programs have considerable potential to improve both the caregiver and patient quality of life.
Hydromagnetic Instability in a Stellarator (1965)

Stability diagrams are calculated for hydromagnetic kink instabilities in a zero-pressure plasma confined in a stellarator geometry with arbitrary mixtures of l = 2 and l = 3 multipolar helical fields and with various radial distributions of the current parallel to the confining magnetic field. The introduction of small pressure gradients increases the size of the unstable regions. Modes with small azimuthal wavenumber grow more rapidly than those with large m. Experimental data, obtained with the model C Stellarator, show that the plasma is macroscopically stable except for certain intervals of rotational transform. These intervals agree qualitatively with those in which the theory predicts the plasma should be unstable against the kink instability.
Code configuration for avoiding error propagation (1996)

A new configuration of codes is proposed for translating user information into a constrained channel sequence. The new configuration makes it possible to practically apply constrained channel codes whose efficiency approaches the channel capacity.
High <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> Triphenylamine-Based Starburst Hole-Transporting Material for Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2007)

This paper reports the synthesis of a new starburst molecule, 4,4′,4′′-tris[(2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl)phenyl]phenylamine (TTPPPA) and its application as a hole-transporting material in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Although TTPPPA has almost the same ionization potential as 1,4-bis(1-naphthylphenylamino)biphenyl (NPB), the TTPPPA-based device of ITO/TTPPPA/Alq3/LiF/Al yields much better efficiency of 5.3 cd/A and 4.3 lm/W than the standard ITO/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al device (3.0 cd/A and 2.9 lm/W). The remarkable performance enhancement is attributed to a better balance of hole and electron injection in the TTPPPA-based device. Further, TTPPPA has a much higher glass-transition temperature (Tg, 202 °C) than NPB (Tg, 98 °C), suggesting that TTPPPA can be an alternative material to NPB especially for high-temperature applications of OLEDs and other organic electronic devices.
Energy Harvesting Device Based on Spatial Electric Field in Substations (2014)

It is rich in electric field energy in high voltage substations while it is hardly collected and utilized. A novel energy harvesting device based on spatial electric field is presented in this paper, which is composed of capacitive energy collector and conditioning circuit. A simulation model of the energy collector is established to study the relationship between output voltage and its structural parameters and is verified by no-load tests. There are some restraining factors such as output voltage unstable in the traditional conditioning circuit. A new conditioning circuit is designed to overcome the problems and this new circuit is more effectively. This paper designs a new device to harvest the electric field energy within substations and it can provide broad potential use in the future. Full Text: PDF DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i6.5521
Overview of Color Gamut Scalability (2016)

Displays' new rendering capabilities combined with the ever-growing number of video applications have fueled the emergence of new video formats addressing wider color gamut and larger frame size. Thus, the need in scalable compression technology to provide backward compatibility with legacy devices and capitalize on the superior compression performance of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has increased significantly. This paper gives an overview of the work carried out in the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding of ITU-T Study Group 16 (VCEG) and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 motion picture experts group (MPEG) to define scalable extensions of HEVC (SHVC) targeting these market requirements. The color gamut scalability (CGS) tool of SHVC is specially designed to support efficient scalable coding with multiple layers in different color spaces. The genesis of the SHVC-CGS tool is presented and the performance of the various proposals is compared. Finally, the design of the recently adopted SHVC-CGS inter-layer prediction is detailed. The experimental results validate its efficiency in coding video with extended color gamut and high dynamic range.
The Mechanism of Electropolishing of Niobium in Hydrofluoric–Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte (2008)

Niobium surfaces are commonly electropolished in an effort to obtain optimal smoothness for high-field superconducting radio-frequency cavity applications. We report the use of controlled electrochemical analysis techniques to characterize electropolishing of Nb in a sulfuric and hydrofluoric acid electrolyte. Through the use of a reference electrode, we are able to clearly distinguish the anode and cathode polarization potentials as well as the electrolyte voltage drop, which together sum to the applied power supply voltage. We then identify the temperature and HF concentration dependence of each potential. We also report the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on this system. EIS results are consistent with the compact salt film mechanism for niobium electropolishing (EP) in this electrolyte and are not consistent with either the porous salt film or the absorbate-acceptor mechanism. Microscopic understanding of the basic Nb EP mechanism is expected to provide an appro
Research Papers: Use of Mixtures of Urea and Blackstrap Molasses for Control of Root-Knot Nematodes in Soil (1980)

Additions of urea to soil at rates of 0.4 g/kg soil or higher resulted in significant reductions in numbers of galls per g of fresh root of squash (Cucurbita pepo) caused by Meloidogyne arenaria. These rates of urea resulted in significant accumulations of nitrate and ammoniacal N in soil, increased conductivity of soil water extract and phytotoxicity to squash plants. Application of mixtures of blackstrap molasses with urea to soil resulted in improved control of M. arenaria, no significant accumulation of nitrate or ammoniacal nitrogen and no phytotoxicity to plants. The molasses + urea treatments resulted in increased urease and invertase activity of the soil and, for concentrations of urea of 0.4 and 0.8 g/k soil, in increased numbers of microbivorous nematodes.
Turbo decoding using convolutional self doubly orthogonal codes (2003)

In this paper we present a novel iterative error control technique which circumvents both the complexity and latency shortcomings of the usual turbo codes. It differs from usual turbo coding techniques as it uses a single encoder (hence with no interleaver at the encoding process) and a single decoder. The technique is based on a novel class of orthogonal threshold decodable codes called convolutional self doubly orthogonal codes (CSO/sup 2/C).
Cooperative Driving at Blind Crossings Using Intervehicle Communication (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Cooperative driving technology with intervehicle communication has attracted increasing attention recently. It aims to improve driving safety and efficiency using appropriate motion scheduling of all the encountered vehicles. Under cooperative driving control, the motion of individual vehicles could be conducted in a safe, deterministic, and smooth manner. This is particularly useful to heavy-duty vehicles since their acceleration/deceleration capacity is relatively low. Specifically in this paper, cooperative driving at blind crossings (crossings without traffic lights) is studied. A concept of safety driving patterns is proposed to represent the collision-free movements of vehicles at crossings. The solution space of all allowable movement schedules is then described by a spanning tree in terms of safety driving patterns; four trajectory planning algorithms are formulated to determine the driving plans with least execution times using schedule trees. The group communication strategy for intervehicle networks is also analyzed. Finally, simulation studies have been conducted, and results demonstrate the potentiality and usefulness of the proposed algorithms for cooperative driving at blind crossings. </para>
Real time hand gesture recognition using 3D prediction model (2002)

This paper proposes a new hand gesture recognition method using a 3D prediction model used for developing human-computer interfaces. It focuses on real-time hand-pose estimation, which is indispensable for virtual object manipulation. In the first stage, simple but effective parallel pipelined algorithms are employed to extract hand features from binocular images. In the second stage, the hand pose is estimated using the hand's features. Even if occlusion occurs, a ghost correspondence eliminating table, used with the 3D prediction model, makes the estimation possible on the assumption that finger tips are occluded by other finger tips. The hand-feature extraction method, the pose estimation method, the constructed human-computer interfaces, and a hand-pose estimation experiment are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhanced expression of vimentin in motile prostate cell lines and in poorly differentiated and metastatic prostate carcinoma (2002)

Motile prostate cancer cell lines express vimentin. In tissue sections, the presence of vimentin positive tumour cells correlated positively to poorly differentiated cancers and the presence of bone metastases.
Spoofed data detection in VANETs using dynamic thresholds (2011)

Vehicular ad hoc networks aim at enhancing road safety by providing vehicle-to-vehicle communications and safety-related applications. But safety-related applications, like Local Danger Warning, need a high trust level in received messages. Indeed, decisions are made depending on these messages. To increase the trustworthiness, a consensus mechanism is used. Thus, vehicles make a decision when a threshold is reached. Setting this threshold is of main importance because it impacts the decision delay, and thus, the remaining time for a driver reaction. In this paper, we investigate the problem of threshold establishment without globally unique identifier system (GUID). We propose to model the threshold as a Kalman filter and provide an algorithm to dynamically update the threshold. By simulations, we investigate the problem of insider attackers that generate information forgery attacks. Simulation results show that our dynamic method suffers from a bootstrapping phase but reduces the percentage of wrong decisions. Nevertheless, as future work, further analysis of default threshold value will be done.
REVIEW ARTICLE ON GENE THERAPY (2012)

Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient. One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells. Based on the nature of the viral genome, these gene therapy vectors can be divided into RNA and DNA viral vectors. The majority of RNA virus-based vectors have been derived from simple retroviruses like murine leukemia virus. A major shortcoming of these vectors is that they are not able to transducer nondividing cells. This problem may be overcome by the use of novel retroviral vectors derived from lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most commonly used DNA virus vectors are based on adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses. An example of gene-knockout mediated gene therapy is the knockout of the human CCR5 gene in T-cells in order to control HIV infection. Although the available vector systems are able to deliver genes in vivo into cells, the ideal delivery vehicle has not been found. Thus, the present viral vectors should be used only with great caution in human beings and further progress in vector development is necessary.
High Contrast Ratio and Rapid Switching Organic Polymeric Electrochromic Thin Films Based on Triarylamine Derivatives from Layer-by-Layer Assembly (2006)

We present thin organic electrochromic films of newly synthesized anionic triarylamine polymers by LBL assembly. As an electrochromic functional moiety, triarylamine has unique properties. The newly synthesized polymers give rise to high contrast ratio and fast switching electrochromic films.
DNN-based voice activity detection with local feature shift technique (2016)

Recently, the deep neural networks (DNNs) are successfully adopted into the voice activity detection (VAD) area. However, the performance of the DNN-based VAD is still unsatisfactory in noise environments where the feature subspace of the training database and the test environments are not matched with each other. In this paper, we propose a local feature shift technique which normalizes the feature subspaces over various noise environments. The proposed technique considers the local minimum vectors of the log-Mel filterbank features as noise power estimates and produces feature shift vectors from them. The experimental results in stationary and non-stationary noise environments show that the DNN with the proposed technique outperforms the conventional DNN-based VAD algorithms.
[Immunomorphology of the extracellular matrix of the uterus, placenta fetal and infant heart in maternal rheumatism]. (1998)

20 uteri, 80 placentas and the hearts of 66 normal fetuses from rheumatic mothers have been studied. Exacerbations of rheumatism were observed in some mothers during pregnancy. Sclerosis with enhanced synthesis of collagen type I, III, IV, V and fibronectin was observed in ECM when rheumatism during the pregnancy was not active. Activation of rheumatism during the pregnancy was followed by disturbances of synthesis of interstitial and membrane collagen types, alteration of stromal-parenchymatous relations and development of dyschronosis in the placenta and fetal heart. The study of the heart from children aged 3 months-14 years showed a long-term effect of maternal rheumatism.
The European Possessions in the Caribbean Area; A Compilation of Facts Concerning Their Population, Physical Geography, Resources, Industries, Trade, Government, and Strategic Importance. By Raye R. Platt, John K. Wright, John C. Weaver, and Johnson E. Fairchild. New York: American Geographical Society, 1941. Pp. vii, 112. $1.00. (1941)

The European Possessions in the Caribbean Area; A Compilation of Facts Concerning Their Population, Physical Geography, Resources, Industries, Trade, Government, and Strategic Importance. By Raye R. Platt, John K. Wright, John C. Weaver, and Johnson E. Fairchild. New York: American Geographical Society, 1941. Pp. vii, 112. $1.00. - Volume 1 Issue 2
cGMP-Elevating Agents Suppress Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Inhibiting the Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling Pathway (1997)

These results demonstrate that cGMP-elevating agents inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation and thus the growth of VSMC, and this inhibition appears to attenuate EGF-activated signal transduction pathway by preventing Ras-dependent activation of Raf-1.
Glucose-Containing Diblock Polycations Exhibit Molecular Weight, Charge, and Cell-Type Dependence for pDNA Delivery (2014)

A series of diblock glycopolycations were created by polymerizing 2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido glucopyranose (MAG) with either a tertiary amine-containing monomer, N-[3-(N,N-dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA), or a primary amine-containing unit, N-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylamide (AEMA). Seven structures were synthesized via aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization that varied in the block lengths of MAG, DMAPMA, and AEMA along with two homopolymer controls of DMAPMA and AEMA that lacked a MAG block. The polymers were all able to complex plasmid DNA into polyplex structures and to prevent colloidal aggregation of polyplexes in physiological salt conditions. In vitro transfection experiments were performed in both HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) cells and HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma) cells to examine the role of charge type, block length, and cell type on transfection efficiency and toxicity. The glycopolycation vehicles with primary amine blocks and PAEMA homopolymers revealed much higher transfection efficiency and lower toxicity when compared to analogs created with DMAPMA. Block length was also shown to influence cellular delivery and toxicity; as the block length of DMAPMA increased in the glycopolycation-based polyplexes, toxicity increased while transfection decreased. While the charge block played a major role in delivery, the MAG block length did not affect these cellular parameters. Lastly, cell type played a major role in efficiency. These glycopolymers revealed higher cellular uptake and transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells than in HeLa cells, while homopolycations (PAEMA and PDMAPMA) lacking the MAG blocks exhibited the opposite trend, signifying that the MAG block could aid in hepatocyte transfection.
Increased intracellular concentration of an initiator protein markedly reduces the minimal sequence required for initiation of DNA synthesis. (1984)

One of the most common sites used for cloning in the filamentous phages f1, fd, and M13 lies within the phage "functional origin," a sequence of 140 nucleotides that is required for phage replication. Even small insertions (four nucleotides) at this location severely reduce origin function. Secondary trans-acting mutations in the phage genome are necessary to restore efficient replication. One of these mutations, present in one of our cloning vectors, R218, has been fully characterized. It consists of a regulatory mutation within gene V that leads to a marked increase in the intracellular level of the phage gene II protein, the "initiator" of viral replication. Increased gene II protein production is sufficient to reduce the minimal sequence required for a functional origin to only 40 nucleotides, while the remaining 100 (containing the cloning site) become entirely dispensable. The general implications of these findings are discussed.