gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold nanostructures encoded by non-fluorescent small molecules in polyA-mediated nanogaps as universal SERS nanotags for recognizing various bioactive molecules (2014)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently been used to design novel nanoprobes called “SERS tags” which hold great promise for the fields of biosensing and nanomedicine. More recent advances have shed new light on the synthesis of uniform nanostructures with interior nanogaps for stable SERS enhancement. However, producing interior nanogap-based SERS nanotags directly and controllably with strong and stable multiplex SERS signals as well as developing a multiplex analytical platform to recognize different types of bioactive molecules still remain highly challenging. To address this challenge, we herein develop a novel approach for the direct synthesis of nanogap-based universal SERS nanotags by mediating poly-adenine (polyA) and encoding non-fluorescent small molecules. The universal nanotags were then functionalized by different types of biological probes and used as SERS nanoprobes to recognize various bioactive molecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of using SERS nanotags to develop a simultaneous multianalysis platform for all of the major types of bioactive analytes, including nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules. Furthermore, the nanotags show great promise for fluorescence-SERS bimodal bioanalysis and bioimaging.
Modification of surface properties of polyethylene by perfluoropolyether blending (2005)

Abstract The preparation of a stabile blend from thermoplastic polymer and lubricating additive was studied with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and perfluoropolyether (PFPE). PFPE was melt blended within HDPE by injection molding. The chemical composition of the mixtures, the relative amount of PFPE on the surface, and the nature of the surface were studied by three surface sensitive methods: attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and contact angle (CA) measurement. All the blends exhibited improved hydrophobicity. CA and SIMS gave a maximum response when about 2.0 wt % PFPE was added, whereas ATR‐IR spectroscopy gave maximum response for an addition of about 3.0 wt %. No changes in surface properties were observed when samples were reanalyzed about 1–4 months after preparation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2252–2258, 2005
Cholinergic agonists stimulate secretion of soluble full-length amyloid precursor protein in neuroendocrine cells. (1996)

The Abeta peptide of Alzheimer disease is derived from the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor proteins (APP), which are considered type I transmembrane glycoproteins. Recently, however, soluble forms of full-length APP were also detected in several systems including chromaffin granules. In this report we used antisera specific for the cytoplasmic sequence of APP to show that primary bovine chromaffin cells secrete a soluble APP, termed solAPPcyt, of an apparent molecular mass of 130 kDa. This APP was oversecreted from Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with a full-length APP cDNA indicating that solAPPcyt contained both the transmembrane and Abeta sequence. Deglycosylation of solAPPcyt showed that it contained both N- and O-linked sugars, suggesting that this APP was transported through the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway. Secretion of solAPPcyt from primary chromatin cells was temperature-, time-, and energy-dependent and was stimulated by cell depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Cholinergic receptor agonists, including acetylcholine, nicotine, or carbachol, stimulated the rapid secretion of solAPPcyt, a process that was inhibited by cholinergic antagonists. Stimulation of solAPPcyt secretion was paralleled by a stimulation of secretion in catecholamines and chromogranin A, indicating that secretion of solAPPcyt was mediated by chromaffin granule vesicles. Taken together, our results show that release of the potentially amyloidogenic solAPPcyt is an active cellular process mediated by both the constitutive and regulated pathways. solAPPcyt was also detected in human cerebrospinal fluid. Combined with the neuronal physiology of chromaffin cells, our data suggest that cholinergic agonists may stimulate the release of this APP in neuronal synapses where it may exert its biological functions. Moreover, vesicular or secreted solAPPcyt may serve as a soluble precursor of Abeta.
Bank Capital and Uncertainty (2010)

An important role for bank capital is that of a buffer against unexpected losses. As uncertainty about these losses increases, the theory predicts an increase in the optimal level of bank capital. This paper investigates this implication empirically with U.S. Commercial Banks data and finds statistically significant and robust evidence supporting it. A counterfactual experiment suggests that a decline in uncertainty to the lowest level measured in the sample generates an average reduction in bank capital ratios of slightly over 1 percentage point. However, I also find suggestive evidence that the intensity of this precautionary motive is stronger during recessions. From a policy perspective, these results suggest that the effectiveness of countercyclical capital requirements during bad times will be undermined by banks desire to hold more capital in response to increased uncertainty.
Air Motion and Fuel Distribution Requirements in High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines (1969)

This paper deals with the requirements for good combustion in the smaller high-speed direct-injection engines. Reference is made to the poor fuel distribution with current injection systems, and to the necessity of supplementary air movement. The level of air movement and the importance of squish motion are reviewed, and typical responses of the performance to swirl levels illustrated. From experimental evidence, including combustion photography, the mode of mixing is described, and its dependence upon the mass distribution of the fuel, and the influence of the chamber wall, discussed. The measurement of cylinder swirl under steady flow rig conditions is presented, and the correlation with chamber proportions and engine performance given. Recommendations are made on chamber requirements for wide speed operation and on inlet port configurations for optimizing flow and swirl conditions.
Indium(III)-Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes and Activated Methylenes Using Acetic Anhydride as a Promoter (2015)

The combination of a catalytic amount of InCl3 and acetic anhydride remarkably promotes the Knoevenagel condensation of a variety of aldehydes and activated methylene compounds. This catalytic system accommodates aromatic aldehydes containing a variety of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups, heteroaromatic aldehydes, conjugate aldehydes, and aliphatic aldehydes. Central to successfully driving the condensation series is the formation of a geminal diacetate intermediate, which was generated in situ from an aldehyde and an acid anhydride with the assistance of an indium catalyst.
Iron absorption from fortified flat breads (1988)

1. Radio-iron absorption measurements were performed in healthy volunteer subjects to assess the availability of fortification Fe added to various bread products. 2. When ferrous sulphate was used as a fortifier, Fe absorption from a traditional Egyptian flat bread (Baladi) averaged only 16% of that observed with European bread. This difference was attributed to the high extraction flour used to prepare Baladi bread. 3. The inhibiting effect of Baladi bread was largely eliminated by adding EDTA to the flour before baking.
Quantitative chemical surface, in-depth, and bulk analysis by secondary neutrals mass spectrometry (SNMS) (1985)

An SNMS/SIMS apparatus is described that allows measurements in three different modes: SNMS direct bombardment mode (DBM), SNMS separate bombardment mode (SBM), and SIMS, with the sample remaining in the same positions. A novel geometrical arrangement that guarantees optimum performance in each operating mode was chosen for this combination. A postdescription of the two SNMS modes is given. From the presented results it could be deducted that direct quantification is possible; the sensitivity is in the ppm range for all elements; in in-depth-profiling high resolution and high speed can be obtained simultaneously; and conductors, semiconductors, and insulators can be analyzed. The results show that the combination of two SNMS modes and SIMS promises to become a valuable tool for surface, interface, and bulk analysis.
A Lane-Level LBS System for Vehicle Network with High-Precision BDS/GPS Positioning (2015)

In recent years, research on vehicle network location service has begun to focus on its intelligence and precision. The accuracy of space-time information has become a core factor for vehicle network systems in a mobile environment. However, difficulties persist in vehicle satellite positioning since deficiencies in the provision of high-quality space-time references greatly limit the development and application of vehicle networks. In this paper, we propose a high-precision-based vehicle network location service to solve this problem. The major components of this study include the following: (1) application of wide-area precise positioning technology to the vehicle network system. An adaptive correction message broadcast protocol is designed to satisfy the requirements for large-scale target precise positioning in the mobile Internet environment; (2) development of a concurrence service system with a flexible virtual expansion architecture to guarantee reliable data interaction between vehicles and the background; (3) verification of the positioning precision and service quality in the urban environment. Based on this high-precision positioning service platform, a lane-level location service is designed to solve a typical traffic safety problem.
Thermal and Electrochemical Three Dimensional CFD Model of a Planar Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (2005)

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been created to model high-temperature steam electrolysis in a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The model represents a single cell, as it would exist in an electrolysis stack. Details of the model geometry are specific to a stack that was fabricated by Ceramatec, Inc. and tested at the Idaho National Laboratory. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT. A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, Nernst potential, operating potential, anode-side gas composition, cathode-side gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack operating conditions. Mean model results are shown to compare favorably with experimental results obtained from an actual ten-cell stack tested at INL.
Another stride towards knowledge-based machine translation (1986)

Building on the well-established premise that reliable machine translation requires a significant degree of text comprehension, this paper presents a recent advance in multi-lingual knowledge-based machine translation (KBMT). Unlike previous approaches, the current method provides for separate syntactic and semantic knowledge sources that are integrated dynamically for parsing and generation. Such a separation enables the system to have syntactic grammars, language specific but domain general, and semantic knowledge bases, domain specific but language general. Subsequently, grammars and domain knowledge are precompiled automatically in any desired combination to produce very efficient and very thorough real-time parsers. A pilot implementation of our KBMT architecture using functional grammars and entity-oriented semantics demonstrates the feasibility of the new approach.1
Marching cubes 33 : construction of topologically correct isosurfaces (1995)

An algorithm implemented in the HIGZ graphics package for the construction of isosurfaces from volumetric datasets is discussed. This algorithm is an improved version of the Marching Cubes method. For each cell considered independently, the algorithm permits the construction of a triangle model, the topology of which coincides exactly with the topology of the isosurface of the trilinear function. It is shown that there are 33 topologically different configurations, instead of 15 as with the MC-method. 1 Introduction The Marching Cubes (MC) method [1] is a wellknown method for volume visualization. It produces triangle models of isosurfaces F (x; y; z) = ff of a scalar function given by samples over a cuberille grid. Usually the MC-method is considered as the basic method for surface rendering in medical applications. However, it can also be applied in many other areas as, for example, for the visualization of implicitly specified functions or for the visualization of calculation resu...
Platform motion blur image restoration system (2012)

Platform motion blur is a common problem for airborne and space-based imagers. Photographs taken by hand or from moving vehicles in low-light conditions are also typically blurred. Correcting image motion blur poses a formidable problem since it requires a description of the blur in the form of the point spread function (PSF), which in general is dependent on spatial location within the image. Here we introduce a computational imaging system that incorporates optical position sensing detectors (PSDs), a conventional camera, and a method to reconstruct images degraded by spatially variant platform motion blur. A PSD tracks the movement of light distributions on its surface. It leverages more energy collection than a single pixel since it has a larger area making it proportionally faster. This affords it high temporal resolution as it measures the PSF at a specific location in the image field. Using multiple PSDs, a spatially variant PSF is generated and used to reconstruct images.
Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Film Boiling (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeat Transfer in Forced Convection Film BoilingLeRoy A. Bromley, Norman R. LeRoy, and James A. RobbersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 12, 2639–2646Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50528a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50528a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1022Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A case‐control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy (1989)

Abstract A case‐control study was conducted in high‐ and low‐risk areas of Italy to evaluate reasons for the striking geographic variation in gastric cancer (GC) mortality within the country. Personal interviews with 1,016 histologically confirmed GC cases and 1,159 population controls of similar age and sex revealed that the patients were more often of lower social class and resident in rural areas and more frequently reported a familial history of gastric (but not other) cancer. After adjusting for these effects, case‐control differences were found for several dietary variables, assessed by asking about the usual frequency of consumption of 146 food items and beverages. A significant trend of increasing GC risk was found with increasing consumption of traditional soups, meat, salted/ dried fish and a combination of cold cuts and seasoned cheeses. The habit of adding salt and the preference for salty foods were associated with elevated GC risk, while more frequently storing foods in the refrigerator, the availability of a freezer and use of frozen foods lowered risk. Reduced GC risk were associated with increasing intake of raw vegetables, fresh fruit and citrus fruits. Lowered risk was also related to consumption of spices, olive oil and garlic. Neither cigarette smoking nor alcoholic beverage drinking were significantly related to GC risk. The case‐control differences tended to be consistent across geographic areas, despite marked regional variations in intake levels of certain foods. The high‐risk areas tended to show higher consumption of food associated with elevated risk (traditional soups, cold cuts) and lower consumption of foods associated with reduced risks (raw vegetables, citrus fruits, garlic). Our findings indicate that dietary factors contribute to the regional variation of stomach cancer occurrence in Italy, and offer clues for further etiologic and prevention research.
Sulfur Hexafluoride Therapy (1983)

After almost 40 years of experience with antibiotics, treatment of otitis media (which, in the preantibiotic era, was the most common suppurative head and neck infection) still occupies the single largest time effort of the otorhinolaryngologist.<sup>1</sup>However, the type of fluid and the nature of the complications have changed substantially. Instead of doing myringotomies and mastoidectomies to drain purulent fluid, we are doing myringotomies and inserting tubes for removal and prevention of serous and mucoid effusions. Ironically, some physicians have postulated that the apparent current increase in the prevalence of secretory otitis media is the result of the widespread use of antibiotics. Thus, in controlling one problem it would seem that we have exacerbated another. Few would argue that society is not better off, however, because death from otitis media is now virtually unknown, and necrotizing otitis media is rarely observed. Nonetheless, it would seem that the proportion of
First Observation of the Key Intermediate in the “Light-Switch” Mechanism of [Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>dppz]<sup>2+</sup> (1997)

[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine) and closely related complexes have previously been observed to have an undetectably small quantum yield of photoluminescence in water but a moderate emission yield when bound to DNA. This so-called “light-switch” effect is a critical factor in the utility of these complexes as spectroscopic probes for DNA. Here we describe a detailed investigation of the photophysics of [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ in aqueous solution, and in mixtures of acetonitrile and water, by time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies. The emission of the complex in water has been measured for the first time. A prompt initial emission, derived from a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state typical for polypyridyl−ruthenium complexes, is observed along with a delayed emission attributed to a novel MLCT species. The small quantum yield of photoluminescence for [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ in water, and in water/acetonitrile, depends upon efficient formation of a novel MLCT species, followed by its rapid radiationless decay. The MLCT interconversion is assigned to an intramolecular charge-transfer process that is induced by the polarity and proton donating ability of the solvent.
Respiratory and humoral immune response to aerosol and intramuscular pertussis vaccine (1975)

Animal experiments have shown that respiratory administration of pertussis antigen induces a protective immune response. In this study pertussis antibody in human respiratory secretions was measured and the response to aerosol and intramuscular pertussis immunization investigated. Substanial increases in this antibody occurred after aerosol immunization but no changes were found in serum antibody. The reverse was observed after intramuscular pertussis vaccine in adults but not with aerosol immunization. The latter method may be of value for paediatric medical and nursing personnel exposed to the risk of pertussis infection.
Carbon nanotube-coated macroporous sponge for microbial fuel cell electrodes (2011)

The materials that are used to make electrodes and their internal structures significantly affect microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. In this study, we describe a carbon nanotube (CNT)–sponge composite prepared by coating a sponge with CNTs. Compared to the CNT-coated textile electrodes evaluated in prior studies, CNT–sponge electrodes had lower internal resistance, greater stability, more tunable and uniform macroporous structure (pores up to 1 mm in diameter), and improved mechanical properties. The CNT–sponge composite also provided a three-dimensional scaffold that was favorable for microbial colonization and catalytic decoration. Using a batch-fed H-shaped MFC outfitted with CNT–sponge electrodes, an areal power density of 1.24 W m−2 was achieved when treating domestic wastewater. The maximum volumetric power density of a continuously fed plate-shaped MFC was 182 W m−3. To our knowledge, these are the highest values obtained to date for MFCs fed domestic wastewater: 2.5 times the previously reported maximum areal power density and 12 times the previously reported maximum volumetric power density.
Defending against rogue base station attacks using wavelet based fingerprinting (2009)

While radio fingerprinting has shown its efficiency in detecting rogue base stations and cloned wireless devices, the techniques proposed in this context focused on analyzing the turn-on transient portion of the signal. The proposed parameters do not allow building an accurate fingerprint. In addition, the detection of the transient requires that the transition between noise and transient does not occur gradually. We propose in this work a new signal fingerprinting approach based on discrete wavelet transformer. Instead of being extracted from the transient part, the signal fingerprint is computed on a part of the signal related to the transmission of a definite sequence of bits. This sequence is expected to be transmitted by every base station antenna in the network. To detect rogue base stations, we integrated the proposed technique to an existing security architecture called CODERA.