gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and numerical computation of diffraction of an optical field by a subwavelength-size aperture in a thick metallic screen by use of a volume integral equation (2004)

Diffraction of an optical field by an aperture in a thick metallic screen is analyzed numerically by use of a three-dimensional volume integral equation together with a generalized conjugate residual method and fast Fourier transformation. Numerical results were validated by reciprocity and the independence of the results of the truncated discretized volume size used in numerical calculations. Near and far fields of square, circular, and triangular apertures in a thick screen are obtained numerically. Some of the numerical results obtained in the present study agree with previously reported experimental results. The surface plasmon polaritons excited on the sidewalls of the aperture can explain the basic characteristics of near-field distribution of apertures. The Bethe-Bouwkamp theory was found to be insufficient to explain the basic characteristics of the near field around the subwavelength aperture in a practical metallic screen.
In vivo ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53(1). (1996)

The levels of the tumor suppressor protein p53 are generally quite low in normal cells, due in part to its rapid turnover. Previous studies have implicated ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the turnover of wild-type p53 but have not established whether or not p53 is itself a substrate of the ubiquitin system. In this study, inhibitors of the 26S proteasome have been used to further explore the role of ubiquitin proteolysis in regulating p53 turnover. Increased levels of the tumor suppressor protein p53 were observed in normal cells, as well as in cells expressing the human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncoprotein, on exposure of the cells to proteasome inhibitors. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the increased p53 levels resulted from stabilization of the protein. Furthermore, ubiquitin-p53 conjugates were detected in untreated as well as gamma-irradiated cells, indicating that ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis plays a role in the normal turnover of p53. Increased levels of the cyclin:cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, a downstream effector of p53 function, were also observed in proteasome inhibitor-treated cells, and this increase was due in part to an increase in p2l mRNA.
Transition Edge Sensor-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (TES-EDS) and Its Applications (2009)

The Transition Edge Sensor (TES)-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) is an X-ray detector with high-energy resolution (12.8eV). The TES can be mounted to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The TES-EDS is based on a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator. The high-energy resolution enables analysis of the distribution of various elements in samples under low acceleration voltage (typically under 5keV) by using K-lines of light elements and M lines of heavy elements. For example, the energy of the arsenic L line differs from the magnesium K line by 28eV. When used to analyze the spore of the Pteris vittata L plant, the TES-EDS clearly reveals a different distribution of As and Mg in the micro region of the plant. The TES-EDS with SEM yields detailed information about the distribution of multi-elements in a sample.
Neutron-diffraction study of the insertion scheme of hydrogen in Nd2Fe14B (1995)

Results are presented of a neutron powder diffraction experiment performed at room temperature on the Nd2Fe14BHx series. The location of the hydrogen (or deuterium) atoms within the crystal lattice is described. After an analysis of the crystal structure of Nd2Fe14B, Nd2Fe14BH, Nd2Fe14BH2, Nd2Fe14BH3, and Nd2Fe14BH4, a filling scheme of the interstitial sites by hydrogen atoms is proposed. This filling scheme is compared and discussed with that previously obtained on other R2Fe14B alloys in particular with R=Ce, Y, Ho, Er. The use of all these compositions provides a better understanding of the way the Nd2Fe14B structure is modified by insertion of hydrogen. The evolution of the shortest iron-iron interatomic distances is also analyzed and related to the change in magnetism.
A new high-resolution two-dimensional micropositioning device for scanning probe microscopy applications (1994)

We report on the development of a new two-dimensional micropositioning device, or walker, which is capable of moving across very large distances (in principle unlimited) and with a very small step size (as small as 100 Å/step) in both directions. Based on a unique tracking design, the motion is extremely orthogonal with very little crosstalk between the two directions. Additionally, there is no detectable backlash in either direction. The walker performance has been extensively tested by using a position-sensitive proximitor probe. Tests have been done between 77 and 300 K. However, we project that the walker will be able to operate at temperatures as low as 4 K. This walker system has shown extremely reliable performance in a UHV environment for use with scanning tunneling microscopy and has been especially useful for cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies of semiconductor hetero- and homostructures. We show one example of results on the (AlGa)As/GaAs heterostructure system.
Functional Differences between TRPC4 Splice Variants (2002)

Functional characterizations of heterologously expressed TRPC4 have revealed diverse regulatory mechanisms and permeation properties. We aimed to clarify whether these differences result from different species and splice variants used for heterologous expression. Like the murine beta splice variant, rat and human TRPC4beta both formed receptor-regulated cation channels when expressed in HEK293 cells. In contrast, human TRPC4alpha was poorly activated by stimulation of an H(1) histamine receptor. This was not due to reduced expression or plasma membrane targeting, because fluorescent TRPC4alpha fusion proteins were correctly inserted in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, currents through both human TRPC4alpha and TRPC4beta had similar current-voltage relationships and single channel conductances. To analyze the assembly of transient receptor potential channel subunits in functional pore complexes in living cells, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach was used. TRPC4alpha and TRPC4beta homomultimers exhibited robust FRET signals. Furthermore, coexpressed TRPC4alpha and TRPC4beta subunits formed heteromultimers exhibiting comparable FRET signals. To promote variable heteromultimer assemblies, TRPC4alpha/TRPC4beta were coexpressed at different molar ratios. TRPC4beta was inhibited in the presence of TRPC4alpha with a cooperativity higher than 2, indicating a dominant negative effect of TRPC4alpha subunits in heteromultimeric TRPC4 channel complexes. Finally, C-terminal truncation of human TRPC4alpha fully restored the channel activity. Thus, TRPC4beta subunits form a receptor-dependently regulated homomultimeric channel across various species, whereas TRPC4alpha contains a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain that may require additional regulatory mechanisms.
Surgery for Bell's Palsy (1981)

Electroneuronographic study of the spontaneous course of Bell's palsy shows that chance of a satisfactory spontaneous return of facial function is reduced by 50% when 95% or more maximal degeneration is reached within two weeks of onset. For this reason immediate surgical decompression (including the meatal foramen) was performed on 14 patients with 90% or more degeneration within three weeks of palsy onset. These patients and 13 who refused treatment under similar conditions were reviewed one to three years later by three physicians familial with facial nerve problems. Results show that to obtain satisfactory (80% to 100%) return of facial movements in all cases of Bell's palsy, surgical decompression should be performed within 24 hours when degeneration reaches 90% to 94% within one to 21 days after onset. By using these guidelines, the number of unnecessary operations will be kept under 16%.
The Effects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> Binding on the Dynamic Properties of a Designed Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Binding Protein<sup>,</sup> (2005)

The effects of Ca(2+) binding on the dynamic properties of Ca(2+)-binding proteins are important in Ca(2+) signaling. To understand the role of Ca(2+) binding, we have successfully designed a Ca(2+)-binding site in the domain 1 of rat CD2 (denoted as Ca.CD2) with the desired structure and retained function. In this study, the backbone dynamic properties of Ca.CD2 have been investigated using (15)N spin relaxation NMR spectroscopy to reveal the effect of Ca(2+) binding on the global and local dynamic properties without the complications of multiple interactive Ca(2+) binding and global conformational change. Like rat CD2 (rCD2) and human CD2 (hCD2), residues involved in the recognition of the target molecule CD48 exhibit high flexibility. Mutations N15D and N17D that introduce the Ca(2+) ligands increase the flexibility of the neighboring residues. Ca(2+)-induced local dynamic changes occur mainly at the residues proximate to the Ca(2+)-binding pocket or the residues in loop regions. The beta-strand B of Ca.CD2 that provides two Asp for the Ca(2+) undergoes an S(2) decrease upon the Ca(2+) binding, while the DE-loop that provides one Asn and one Asp undergoes an S(2) increase. Our study suggests that Ca(2+) binding has a differential effect on the rigidity of the residues depending on their flexibility and location within the secondary structure.
Flexible 합판 제조를 위한 변성 요소수지 합성 (2020)

판면재에서 탈피하여 곡면용 합판 제조를 위한 접착제 합성기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 방법은 요소수지 합성 방법을 바탕으로 폴리올을 투입하여 최종 몰비 1.25로 합성하였다. 합성된 접착제는 물성 측정 및 FT-IR과 DSC로 분석하였다. 사용된 갑을판과 중판은 활잡목으로 두께는 갑을판이 약 2.35 ㎜, 중판은 약 0.40 ㎜였으며, 함수율은 각각 약 5 %, 약 3 %였다. 글루는 접착제, 증량제 (소맥분), 경화제 (40% Glyoxal)를 각각 150 g, 30 g, 12g씩 취하여 혼합·제조하였다. 도포량은 양면당 200 g/㎡였으며, 롤러로 도포하였다. 합판 구성은 3매로 하였고 상온에서 10 ㎏f/㎠로 30분간 가압한 후, 온도 120 ℃, 압력 10 ㎏f/㎠, 시간 300 s/㎜로 열압하였다. 제조된 합판은 접착성능, 탄성계수, 폼알데하이드방출량, Flexibility를 측정하였다.
그 결과, 수지 합성은 비교적 용이하였으며, 폴리올에 의해 고형분이 증가되고 겔화시간이 길어졌다. FT-IR 분석에서는 폴리올과의 반응성 영향으로 2877 ㎝-1, 1460 ㎝-1, 1062 ㎝-1에서 요소수지와 상이한 흡수대가 나타났다. 열분석 결과, 요소수지보다 Peak temp. 가 높아진 것으로 나타나, 폴리올이 겔화 및 경화 시간에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 접착성능은 우수한 반면 목파율이 낮았고, 곡면용 합판이므로 MOE는 저하되었으며, 폼알데하이드방출량은 몰비를 고려할 때 기준 이상 이었다. 합성된 접착제로 인해 합판의 Flexibility가 우수하여 곡면 마감재 또는 곡형 가구재에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 열압시간 및 폼알데하이드방출량 개선 방안과 함께 단판 관련 연구도 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Impotence of Being Earnest: Status of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners in Europe and the United States (2006)

The Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners were approved with the most earnest of good intentions at the First United Nations Crime Congress in 1955, in an attempt to establish “what is generally accepted as being good principle and practice in the treatment of prisoners and the management of institutions.” In spite of their noble purpose, implementation of these rules has been somewhat of a disappointment. Europe has adopted the Standard Minimum Rules wholesale. The United States, by contrast, has declined to adopt a set of standards patterned after the Standard Minimum Rules, relying instead on pre-existing correctional standards bolstered by reforms resulting from prisoner civil rights litigation. This paper will review the status of the Standard Minimum Rules and, using Europe and the United States as examples, will demonstrate how these guidelines can be an important, and not an impotent, tool when implemented in connection with a domestic enforcement mechanism.
Über gezielte Aldolkondensationen (1964)

Abstract Schiffsche Basen mit zur Carbimingruppe α‐ständigem Wasserstoffatom lassen sich mit geeigneten Basen anionisieren; optimal verläft die Anionisierung bei Umsetzung von Lithiumdiisopropylamid mit den Aldehydderivaten des Cyclohexylamins. Die resultierenden metallorganischen Verbindungen können in gezielter Aldoladdition mit Ketonen und Aldehyden vereinigt und durch anschließende saure Hydrolyse zu bislang auf diese Art unzugänglichen α,β‐ungesättigten Aldehyden abgewandelt werden. Bei Einwirkung von Alkylhalogeniden auf die metallierten Schiffschen Basen erhält man die entsprechenden C ‐Alkyl‐Derivate.
Experiments on Management of Free-Stream Turbulence (1972)

The effects of various passive devices (screens, perforated plates, porous foam, and honeycomb-like matrices formed with closely packed plastic drinking straws) on free-stream turbulence and mean velocity profiles are studied in air with hot-wire anemonetry and in water using hydrogen-bubbles visualization. These 'turbulence manipulators' are viewed as operators which suppress the level of the incoming turbulence and generate, primarily through documented instabilities, new turbulences with scales characteristic of the device and its shear layers. In this sense these manipulators can be used to control, manage and/or modify the incoming turbulence flow to yield the one appropriate to the application.
MULTIPLEXED PNEUMATIC VALVE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED MICROFLUIDIC CIRCUIT (LSIMC) (2008)

An efficient control method of a large number of individually controlled and arrayed pneumatic microvalves is proposed. This method can control (2 n
On reducing energy-consumption by late-inserting instructions into the issue queue (2007)

In the presence of a long-latency instruction as a L2 miss, the issue queue (IQ) may fill with instructions dependent on the L2 miss; consequently, the IQ will not expose instruction-level parallelism until resolving the miss.
Suse Linux (2006)

SUSE Linux: A Complete Guide to Novell's Community Distribution will get you up to speed quickly and easily on SUSE, one of the most friendly and usable Linux distributions around. From quick and easy installation to excellent hardware detection and support, it's no wonder SUSE is one of the most highly rated distributions on the planet. According to Novell, SUSE is installed more than 7,000 times every day, an average of one installation every 12 seconds.This book will take you deep into the essential operating system components by presenting them in easy-to-learn modules. From basic installation and configuration through advanced topics such as administration, security, and virtualization, this book captures the important details of how SUSE works--without the fluff that bogs down other books and web sites. Instead, readers get a concise task-based approach to using SUSE as both a desktop and server operating system.In this book, you'll learn how to:Install SUSE and perform basic administrative tasksShare files with other computersConnect to your desktop remotelySet up a web serverSet up networking, including Wi-Fi and BluetoothTighten security on your SUSE systemMonitor for intrusionsManage software and upgrades smoothlyRun multiple instances of SUSE on a single machine with XenWhether you use SUSE Linux from Novell, or the free openSUSE distribution, this book has something for every level of user. The modular, lab-based approach not only shows you how--but also explains why--and gives you the answers you need to get up and running with SUSE Linux.About the author: Chris Brown is a freelance author and trainer in the United Kingdom and Europe. Following Novell's acquisition of SUSE, he taught Linux to Novell's consultants and IT staff and is certified in both Novell's CLP program and Red Hat's RHCE. Chris has a PhD in particle physics from Cambridge.
Utilizing Virtual Reality to Understand Athletic Performance and Underlying Sensorimotor Processing (2018)

In behavioral sports sciences, knowledge of athletic performance and underlying sensorimotor processing remains limited, because most data is obtained in the laboratory. In laboratory experiments we can strictly control the measurement conditions, but the action we can target may be limited and differ from actual sporting action. Thus, the obtained data is potentially unrealistic. We propose using virtual reality (VR) technology to compensate for the lack of actual reality. We have developed a head mounted display (HMD)-based VR system for application to baseball batting where the user can experience hitting a pitch in a virtual baseball stadium. The batter and the bat movements are measured using nine-axis inertial sensors attached to various parts of the body and bat, and they are represented by a virtual avatar in real time. The pitched balls are depicted by computer graphics based on previously recorded ball trajectories and are thrown in time with the motion of a pitcher avatar based on simultaneously recorded motion capture data. The ball bounces depending on its interaction with the bat. In a preliminary measurement where the VR system was combined with measurement equipment we found some differences between the behavioral and physiological data (i.e., the body movements and respiration) of experts and beginners and between the types of pitches during virtual batting. This VR system with a sufficiently real visual experience will provide novel findings as regards athletic performance that were formerly hard to obtain and allow us to elucidate their sensorimotor processing in detail.
Sites of Action for Neurotoxic Pesticides (1987)

Deltamethrin did not affect the GABA system of the crayfish stretch receptor organ, but caused severe disruption at pM concentrations by acting on the voltage dependent sodium channels. Avermectin potentiated GABA actions on crayfish dactyl abductor muscle with a threshold of between 5 and 50 nM. Picrotoxin reversed the effect. Avermectin at 0.1 - 1 µM caused irreversible changes in muscle properties. Actions of suspected GABAergic drugs can be tested on various invertebrate preparations with crayfish, not insect, being the preferred test animal. Conclusions from these studies are limited by the type of GABA response a given preparation has to offer.
New Syntheses of Trialkylboranes<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Syntheses of Trialkylboranes1Eugene C. AshbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 18, 4791–4795Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01527a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01527a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminum Oxynitride by Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation Process (2007)

Carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) process was utilized to prepare magnesium aluminum oxynitride (MgAlON) and the influence of reaction variables, such as heating temperature, soaking time and the source of carbon, on the formation of MgAlON was investigated. In addition, the density of samples prepared under different route was compared. The results show that volatile gases, Mg (g) in chief, lead to variation in lattice constant and chemical composition at high temperature, and decrease the sintering effect. Since high temperature and low CO partial pressure are favorable to the CRN reaction in view of thermodynamic reason and high temperature also favors the transport of gases, the rate of CRN reaction increases with the increasing temperature. Due to the difference in reactivity between graphite and carbon black, CRN reaction may be the rate controlling step when graphite is used and solid solution of AlN may be the controlling step when carbon black is utilized. CRN reaction can increase surface energy of reaction materials and results in higher final density. However, gases in the system retard the densification effect.
Triassic and Lower Jurassic Formations of West Central Nevada (1936)

Research Article| February 29, 1936 Triassic and Lower Jurassic Formations of West Central Nevada SIEMON W. MULLER; SIEMON W. MULLER Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar HENRY G. FERGUSON HENRY G. FERGUSON Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1936) 47 (2): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-47-241 Article history received: 20 Dec 1935 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation SIEMON W. MULLER, HENRY G. FERGUSON; Triassic and Lower Jurassic Formations of West Central Nevada. GSA Bulletin 1936;; 47 (2): 241–252. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-47-241 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract INTRODUCTIONDuring the past few years, the writers have been studying the stratigraphy and structural geology of the Tonopah and Hawthorne quadrangles, in western Nevada. An unusually complete section of Triassic and Lower Jurassic rocks merits brief preliminary description prior to the publication of more complete papers, now in preparation, dealing with the stratigraphy and structure of the region. The field work has been carried on at various times under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey, the Geological Department of Stanford University, and the Geological Society of America. The writers gratefully acknowledge much assistance received from Dr. T. W. Stanton.The study has covered an area of about 7,700 square miles, lying in parts of Mineral, Esmeralda, and Nye counties, Nevada. Much of the area is covered with Tertiary sediments and lavas, and there are large bodies of granitic intrusives, satellites of the Sierra Nevada batholith. Paleozoic rocks, . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
New Synthetic Routes to Polysilanes (1988)

Three new synthetic routes for the synthesis of polysilanes have been applied: low temperature coupling in the presence of ultrasound, modification of poly(alkylarylsilylene) with triflic acid, and ring-opening polymerization. Low temperature reductive coupling of dichlorosilanes with sodium in the presence of ultrasound leads to monomodal polymers with low polydispersity (Mw/Mn=1.2) in contrast to bimodal polymers prepared by the thermal coupling. Modification of polysilanes with triflic acid gives access to new polysilanes with pendant alkoxy or amino substituents. Ring-opening polymerization have been successful only for the strained cyclic polysilanes with small substituents.