gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Penalty Function Methods for Constrained Optimization with Genetic Algorithms (2005)

Genetic Algorithms are most directly suited to unconstrained optimization. Application of Genetic Algorithms to constrained optimization problems is often a challenging effort. Several methods have been proposed for handling constraints. The most common method in Genetic Algorithms to handle constraints is to use penalty functions. In this paper, we present these penalty-based methods and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
Case studies of phytoremediation of petrochemicals and chlorinated solvents in soil and groundwater (2005)

The use of plants and the microbes associated with their growth to cleanup contaminated soils and water (phytoremediation) is an innovative technique approved by state and federal regulators for use in full-scale restoration of hazardous waste sites. Three case studies on the use of phytoremediation technologies for remediation of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) in soil and groundwater are discussed. In Case Study #1 willow tress were planted over a petroleum spill and used to clean-up residual contamination in soils and the contaminated groundwater below. After three growing seasons 90% of the contamination was removed from the site. In Case Study #2, a combination of poplar and willows trees was used as a polishing step for a chlorinated solvent plume while in-situ chemical oxidation with potassium permanganate was used for source control. The parent chlorinated ethenes and chloroacetic acids (oxidative transformation products) were detected in the tree tissues at the end of the first growing season, confirming the uptake and phytodegradation of the contaminants. Case Study #3 focused on the assessment of the contribution of plants in the attenuation of a mixed-contaminant plume of hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents at a hydrocarbon burn facility at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Analysis of the geochemical and hydrogeological data confirmed the attenuation of the plume in the natural wetland at the site.
Effect of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory combination of a histamine H2 antagonist and indomethacin on gastroduodenal mucosal membrane in rat. (1992)

The new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), N-(3-[3-(piperidinyl-methyl) phenoxy] propyl)-carbamoyl-methylthio]ethyl 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl) 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indolyl-acetate (CP 331, CAS 127966-70-5), a compound with a structure of an ester combining indomethacin (IM) and a histamine H2 antagonist, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. However, the influence of CP-331 on the gastroduodenal mucosa was not fully investigated. Therefore this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of CP-331 on the gastroduodenal mucosa membrane in rats. After single oral drug administration, the UD50 value (50% ulcerogenic dose) of CP-331 calculated from the incidence rate of gastric ulcer was higher than 1000 mg/kg; that for IM was 5.2 mg/kg. Moreover it was examined whether CP-331 had a preventive effect on NSAID-induced gastric damage. The results showed that the co-administration of CP-331 10-30 mg/kg prevented significantly the acute gastric mucosal injury caused by IM administration (20 mg/kg). CP-331 with anti-inflammatory activity does not cause gastric injury, moreover, because of its preventing and therapeutic effects on the damage to gastric mucous membrane induced by IM, CP-331 might be useful in the treatment of gastropathy caused by NSAID in clinic.
Inorganic/organic heterojunction solar cell fabricated with ZnO nanowires (2010)

We investigated the effect of interfacial buffer layers of aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) as a seed layer of ZnO nanowire and PEDTO:PSS on the performance of hybrid solar cells based on the blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) and ZnO nanowire. The efficient inverted organic/inorganic hybrid solar cell were fabricated with the structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/AZO/ZnO nanowire/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag. Short circuit current density of 9.77 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , open-circuit voltage of 0.57 V, fill factor of 51.2 %, and power conversion efficiency of 2.87 % under a AM 1.5G 100 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> condition were achieved.
Peak-to-average power control in OFDM using standard arrays of linear block codes (2003)

We propose an efficient scheme to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by using the standard arrays of linear block codes. Our scheme may be regarded as a modified version of the selective mapping (SLM), which is a probabilistic method to reduce the PAPR by selecting a signal with minimum PAPR from several candidates as the transmit signal. Because the coset leaders of a linear code are used for scrambling in our scheme, no side information is required to be transmitted and the received signal can be easily decoded by syndrome decoding. Simulation results show that our scheme has good performance in PAPR reduction.
Buddhist Studies from India to America: Essays in Honor of Charles S. Prebish, edited by Damien Keown. (2006)

article published in Journal of Global Buddhism; Vol 7 (2006)
A curved array photoacoustic tomography system for small animal imaging (2007)

We have developed and tested a photoacoustic imaging system based on a 128 element curved-phased ultrasonic array, which spans a quarter of a complete circle with a radius of curvature equal to 25mm. The center frequency of the array is 5 MHz with 60% bandwidth. The physical dimensions of the elements are 10x0.3mm (elevation x azimuth) with an elevation focus of 19mm. Earlier we reported acoustic measurements of the axial and lateral resolutions of the system that were limited by the impulse response of the narrowband source used in the test. In this paper we discuss photoacoustic characterization of the system including resolution and sensitivity. The array forms the building block for a 512-element ring designed for complete tomographic imaging of small animals. Imaging results of phantoms will be compared with simulations.
Structured R2R Functionalisation of Polymer Film Surfaces by a Xenon Excimer Lamp (2007)

Films of a polyolefin (COC) and polyester (PET) were photo-oxidised using a 172 nm excimer lamp. The irradiation through a mask created hydrophilic spots on the hydrophobic material which are stable for at least several months. Treating the films with diaminoethane (DAE) vapour in a gas flow channel grafts primary amino groups to the exposed areas. Then DNA fragments were coupled to the amines by spotting reaction solutions to the hydrophilic parts of the surface, which served as reaction compartments. This is the basic technology for producing micro-arrays (bio-chips) very efficiently in a roll-to-roll (R2R) approach.
Automotive engine performance: Tuneup, testing, and service (1986)

A practical text to be used as a shop manual, covering various automotive systems such as electronic control, electronic ignitions, emission control, as well as the basics of electrical, fuel and ignition systems. End of chapter summaries and questions are also included in the text, along with hundreds of illustrations and a glossary.
Peroxidase Profiling Reveals Genetic Linkage between Peroxidase Gene Clusters and Basal Host and Non-Host Resistance to Rusts and Mildew in Barley (2010)

We conclude that Prx-Profiling was effective in finding the genetic location of Prx genes on the barley genome. The finding that QTLs for basal resistance to rusts and powdery mildew fungi tend to co-locate with Prx clusters provides a base for exploring the functional role of Prx-related genes in determining natural differences in levels of basal resistance.
Lumbar Spine Flexion and Extension Extremes of Motion in Women of Different Age and Racial Groups (2010)

Normative values of lumbar extension are different for white and African-American women. Values for lumbar flexion and extension are different between age groups. Different criteria should be used to estimate impairment level in women of different racial and age groups.
Germ-line mutations of the p16 INK4( MTS1 ) gene occur in a subset of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (1997)

The molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis are poorly understood. Only very recently has there been a suggestion of familial hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have analyzed the status of the p16INK4(MTS1) gene, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in 26 patients with HCC of different etiologies. Four patients carried hemizygous germ-line point mutations of the p16INK4(MTS1) gene, suggesting the existence of familial HCC involving this gene. The wild-type allele was lost in the tumor in 2 of these 4 patients. Three of the patients carrying a germ-line mutation had non-cirrhosis-associated HCC. No somatic mutations of p16INK4(MTS1) were observed in the 26 cases of HCC. The most common somatic alteration of the p16INK4(MTS1) gene in HCC was de novo methylation, which was detected in 48% of the cases. Low levels (21%) of p16INK4(MTS1) gene allele loss were observed. Altogether, these results indicate that alteration of the p16INK4(MTS1) gene plays an important role in the genesis of HCC.
Stopping criteria for active learning of named entity recognition (2008)

Active learning is a proven method for reducing the cost of creating the training sets that are necessary for statistical NLP. However, there has been little work on stopping criteria for active learning. An operational stopping criterion is necessary to be able to use active learning in NLP applications. We investigate three different stopping criteria for active learning of named entity recognition (NER) and show that one of them, gradient-based stopping, (i) reliably stops active learning, (ii) achieves nearoptimal NER performance, (iii) and needs only about 20% as much training data as exhaustive labeling.
Renal hemodynamic actions of angiotensin II: interaction with tubuloglomerular feedback (1983)

The present study was designed to investigate the importance of interactions between angiotensin II (ANG II) and other intrinsic control mechanisms, including tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), in controlling renal hemodynamics. When endogenous ANG II formation was blocked by SQ 14225 infusion and changes in myogenic activity were minimized by servo controlling renal arterial pressure, ANG II infusion (20 ng . kg-1 . min-1 iv) did not change glomerular filtration rate but decreased renal blood flow (RBF) from 286 +/- 36 to 179 +/- 31 ml/min due to increases in calculated preglomerular (54%) and efferent (100%) arteriolar resistances. After inhibition of TGF by occluding the ureter during mannitol diuresis, ANG II infusion (20 ng . kg-1 . min-1) decreased RBF from 229 +/- 25 to 151 +/- 19 ml/min while increasing glomerular hydrostatic pressure (calculated from ureteral stop-flow pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure) from 56.7 +/- 2.5 to 62.3 +/- 2.2 mmHg. Postglomerular resistance increased to 173 +/- 17% of control, but preglomerular resistance did not change significantly during ANG II infusion after inhibition of TGF. These data suggest that the direct renal vasoconstrictor action of ANG II is confined mainly to postglomerular vessels and that changes in preglomerular resistance that occur when ANG II levels are inappropriately elevated in normal animals are caused by other intrinsic control mechanisms, such as TGF.
Apoptotic Speck Protein-Like, a Highly Homologous Protein to Apoptotic Speck Protein in the Pyrin Domain, Is Silenced by DNA Methylation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2004)

We have identified a novel gene encoding a pyrin domain protein of 89 amino acids that is expressed in various tissues including liver, brain, and spleen. The protein is highly homologous to the pyrin domain of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC). Therefore, we termed it ASC-like (ASCL). We found that ASCL gene was densely and frequently (80%) methylated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. In contrast, normal liver samples did not show any significant methylation. This aberrant methylation correlated well with the suppression of RNA expression. Furthermore, a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, reactivated the ASCL expression in the methylation-silenced cells, indicating that ASCL is silenced by the associated DNA methylation. ASCL methylation was also found in primary HCC (4 of 17 samples), although the frequency was less than that in cell lines. In addition, we found that ASC was also methylated in primary samples (6 of the 17). Interestingly, either ASCL or ASC methylation was observed in 53% (9 of the 17) of primary HCC samples. Significantly, the restoration of ASCL in the methylation-silenced cells demonstrated growth suppression in colony formation assay. This growth suppression effect of ASCL was supported by apoptotic changes observed in ASCL-transfected cells in which annexin-V binding was positive and caspase-3 was activated. Based on the methylation-silencing and the growth suppression activity, we propose that ASCL plays a significant role in the development of HCC.
Preoperative Serum DNA <i>GSTP1</i> CpG Island Hypermethylation and the Risk of Early Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy (2005)

Our study suggests that GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation may be an important DNA-based prognostic serum biomarker for prostate cancer.
G protein-coupled receptor expression and function in malignant B-cells: Therapeutic targets for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2012)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with the accumulation of B-cells due to decreased apoptosis. CLL is classified as aggressive (rapidly progressive) or indolent (slow-growing). This thesis sought to assess expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), in particular GPCRs that regulate the synthesis of the second messenger 3'5'- cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), in samples from patients with CLL and in normal human B cells. Using a Taqman® GPCR array, we found that normal B-cells, indolent -CLL cells and aggressive-CLL cells express &gt;117 GPCRs, many of which were differentially expressed in CLL-cells and in the two stages of CLL. Expression of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) was &gt;700-fold greater in aggressive CLL cells than in indolent CLL-cells and normal B-cells; the agonist (VIP, 1 [mu]M) in combination with a phosphodiesterase 4/7 inhibitor (IR284, 100 nM) raised cAMP levels in both indolent and aggressive CLL-cells, but not in normal B-cells. In addition, VIP treatment (48 hr alone and together with IR284) induces apoptosis in aggressive CLL-cells. The melanocortin 2 receptor MC2R) was expressed in aggressive and indolent CLL-cells but not normal B-cells. Treatment with the MC2R agonist, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, 1 nM), in combination with IR284 induced apoptosis in aggressive CLL -cells, but not in indolent CLL-cells or normal B-cells. These results reveal that expression of particular GPCRs can provide stage-specific markers and identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of CLL. Moreover, the results identify a paradigm that may be useful in other disease settings
UPPER AIRWAY IMAGING (1998)

Upper airway imaging is a powerful technique to study the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis, biomechanics, and efficacy of treatment options in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Imaging studies have provided significant insight into the static and dynamic structure, and function of the upper airway and surrounding soft-tissue structure during wakefulness and sleep. Upper airway imaging modalities primarily include nasopharyngoscopy, cephalometrics, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) scanning. These imaging modalities have been used to study the effect of respiration, weight loss, dental appliances, and upper airway surgery on the upper airway. MR imaging and CT have allowed quantification of the airway and surrounding soft-tissue structures in three dimensions. Clinical indications for upper airway imaging are evolving for patients being treated with dental appliances and upper airway surgery.
Applied X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Petroleum Industry (1949)

Although x-ray diffraction analysis on a research basis has been in use for many years, it has been the development of the fully automatic spectrometer which has promoted this method to a position of importance in the larger petroleum analytical laboratories. This instrument provides the analysis of certain complex inorganic and organic compounds which no other method can handle. Moreover, in many cases more familiar materials can be identified much more rapidly than by the better known wet analytical procedures. This paper discusses some of the techniques for handling samples which are processed through the Inspection Division of the Technical Service Department, Socony-Vacuum Laboratories. X-ray analyses of these samples are handled in an average time which is under three hours. The work includes the rapid identification of a variety of corrosion products, cylinder and piston deposits, nominally pure chemicals and various contaminants found in used petroleum products and deposits taken from lubricating systems. Rapid x-ray analyses are made possible by taking advantage of a number of techniques in the handling of samples which are described in detail in the report.
CD4 T cells promote tissue inflammation via CD40 signaling without de novo activation in a murine model of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury # (2009)

These novel findings provide evidence that CD4 T cells function in liver IRI via CD154 without de novo Ag-specific activation, and innate immunity-induced CD40 up-regulation may trigger the engagement of CD154-CD40 to facilitate tissue inflammation and injury.
Lower Inhibitor Development in Hemophilia A Mice following Administration of Recombinant Factor VIII-O-Phospho-L-serine Complex (2005)

Factor VIII is a multidomain protein composed of A1, A2, B, A3, C1, and C2 domains. Deficiency or dysfunction of factor VIII causes hemophilia A, a bleeding disorder. Administration of exogenous recombinant factor VIII as a replacement leads to development of inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII in 15-30% of hemophilia A patients. Hence, less immunogenic preparations of factor VIII are highly desirable. Inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII are mainly directed against immunodominant epitopes in C2, A3, and A2 domains. Further, several universal epitopes for CD4+ T-cells have been identified within the C2 domain. The C2 domain is also known to interact specifically with phosphatidylserine-rich lipid vesicles. Here, we have investigated the hypothesis that complexation of O-phospho-l-serine, the head group of phosphatidylserine, with the C2 domain can reduce the overall immunogenicity of factor VIII. The biophysical (circular dichroism and fluorescence) and biochemical studies (ELISA and size exclusion chromatography) showed that O-phospho-l-serine binds to the phospholipid-binding region in the C2 domain, and this interaction causes subtle changes in the tertiary structure of the protein. O-Phospho-l-serine also prevented aggregation of the protein under thermal stress. The immunogenicity of the factor VIII-O-phospho-l-serine complex was evaluated in hemophilia A mice. The total and inhibitory antibody titers were lower for factor VIII-O-phospho-l-serine complex compared with factor VIII alone. Moreover, factor VIII administered as a complex with O-phospho-l-serine retained in vivo activity in hemophilia A mice. Our results suggest that factor VIII-O-phospho-l-serine complex may be beneficial to increase the physical stability and reduce immunogenicity of recombinant factor VIII preparations.
Overexpression of PDGF-BB decreases colorectal and pancreatic cancer growth by increasing tumor pericyte content (2007)

We hypothesized that overexpression of PDGF-BB in colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer cells would result in increased pericyte coverage of ECs in vivo, rendering the tumor vasculature more resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. We stably transfected the cDNA for the PDGF-B into HT-29 human CRC and FG human pancreatic cancer cells. Surprisingly, when HT-29 or FG parental and transfected cells were injected into mice (subcutaneously and orthotopically), we observed marked inhibition of tumor growth in the PDGF-BB-overexpressing clones. In the PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumors, we observed an increase in pericyte coverage of ECs. Treatment of PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumors with imatinib mesylate (PDGFR inhibitor) resulted in increased growth and decreased total pericyte content compared with those in untreated PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumors. In vitro studies demonstrated the ability of VSMCs to inhibit EC proliferation by approximately 50%. These data show that increasing the pericyte content of the tumor microenvironment inhibits the growth of angiogenesis-dependent tumors. Single-agent therapy targeting PDGF receptor must be used with caution in tumors when PDGFR is not the target on the tumor cell itself.
Multimedia information retrieval at FX Palo Alto Laboratory (2011)

This paper describes research activities at FX Palo Alto Laboratory (FXPAL) in the area of multimedia browsing, search, and retrieval. We first consider interfaces for organization and management of personal photo collections. We then survey our work on interactive video search and retrieval. Throughout we discuss the evolution of both the research challenges in these areas and our proposed solutions.
Effect of Calcium-Entry-Blockers on Arterioles, Capillaries, and Venules of the Retina (1982)

In 48 cases with well-documented retinal vasculopathy, the therapeutic effect of cinnarizine and flunarizine over a period of several months to 3 years has been clinically evaluated. Objective measurements comprised determination of visual field and acuity, funduscopy, three-mirror funduscopy, and fluorangiography with determination of capillary leakage and circulation time. The most prominent features were disappearance of cotton wool nodules, improvement of visual function and capillary perfusion, inhibition of capillary leakage, and a positive hemokinetic effect in arteriolar, capillary, and venous beds. Degeneration of post-ganglionic fibers was partly restored. In some patients with glaucoma, the aspect of the optic disc was normalized. It is concluded that selective calcium-entry-blockers clearly improve tissue perfusion in ischemic areas.