gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency-modulated multifunction lidar for anemometry, range finding, and velocimetry–1 Theory and signal processing (2017)

Original waveforms and optimized signal processing are proposed for frequency-modulated continuous-wave lidar for range finding, velocimetry, and laser anemometry. For range finding, the aim of this signal processing is to extend lidar range and reduce ambiguities. Moreover, the effect of moderate atmospheric turbulence on lidar efficiency is analyzed for infinite and finite targets, taking into account wind-induced bistatism. For laser anemometry, the aim is to measure air speed at the shortest distance farther than the rotor-induced turbulent volume around the helicopter and to avoid parasitic echoes coming from clouds or hard targets in the vicinity of a helicopter.
Lane Recognition Using On-vehicle LIDAR (2006)

This paper presents an approach to the lane recognition using on-vehicle LIDAR. It detests the objects by 2D scanning and collects the range and reflectivity data in each scanning direction. We developed the lane recognition algorithm with these data, in which the lane curvature, yaw angle and offset are calculated by using the Hough transformation, and the lane width is calculated by statistical procedure. Next the lane marks are tracked by the extended Kalman filter. Then we test the performance of the lane recognition and the good results are achieved. Finally, we show the result of the road environment recognition applying the lane recognition by LIDAR
Analysis and Design of a 1.6–28-GHz Compact Wideband LNA in 90-nm CMOS Using a $ \pi $-Match Input Network (2010)

This paper presents a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) based on the cascode configuration with resistive feedback. Wideband input-impedance matching was achieved using a shunt-shunt feedback resistor in conjunction with a preceding π -match network, while the wideband gain response was obtained using a post-cascode inductor (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sub> ), which was inserted between the output of the cascoding transistor and the input of the shunt-shunt resistive feedback network to enhance the gain and suppress noise. Theoretical analysis shows that the frequency response of the power gain, as well as the noise figure (NF), can be described by second-order functions with quality factors or damping ratios as parameters. Implemented in 90-nm CMOS technology, the die area of this wideband LNA is only 0.139 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including testing pads. It dissipates 21.6-mW power and achieves S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> below -10 dB, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> below -10 dB, flat S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> of 9.6 ±1.1 dB, and flat NF of 3.68 ± 0.72 dB over the 1.6-28-GHz band. Besides, excellent input third-order inter-modulation point of +4 dBm is also achieved. The analytical, simulated, and measured results are mutually consistent.
[Dihydroergocristine in the treatment of organic brain psychosyndrome. Dose-finding study against placebo]. (1992)

Purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of dihydroergocristine (DHEC, CAS 17479-19-5) at three different dosages, when administered to aged patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Eighty patients, 48 males and 32 females, aged 55-80 years, affected with senile organic brain syndrome, were admitted to the trial. Clinical evaluation was made by SCAG (Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale). Inclusion criteria considered patients presenting at the basal evaluation a total SCAG score between 60 and 90, with stressed impairment of cognitive function. All the patients were divided in four groups and treated with DHEC 1.5, 3, 6 mg/d or placebo for three months. The evaluation of the total SCAG score demonstrated a significant activity of the drug compared vs placebo, and a dose-related effect. Also for the single clusters it was demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) dose/effect relation, except for the "affective" one; on the contrary "cognitive functioning" cluster displayed the best benefit. The drug was very well tolerated, as only some cases of dyspepsia, mild gastralgia and nausea were reported in some patients.
Microstructural control of microwave dielectric properties in CaTiO3–La(Mg1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 ceramics (2005)

High-density xCaTiO3–(1−x)La(Mg1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 ceramics (x=0.0–1.0) were prepared by solid-state reaction. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. CaTiO3–La(Mg1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 ceramics formed solid solutions throughout the compositional range with no evidence of a secondary phase. For most ceramics the symmetry was orthorhombic with Pbnm space group. The La(Mg1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 end member exhibited 1:1 ordering of Mg2+ and Ti4+ cations (in octahedral sites) superimposed on the perovskite distortions leading to monoclinic symmetry with P21∕n space group. Long-range 1:1 order of Mg2+ and Ti4+ cations was destroyed at x=0.3. The degree of distortion, unit-cell volume, and crystal lattice stress decreased with increasing CaTiO3 content. Twin and antiphase domains, generated by structural phase transitions on cooling, were observed in all the ceramics. Twin domain density increased with CaTiO3 content but the size of individual domains decreased. The twin domains were classified according to the symmetry elements at the twin boundaries as {112} and (110) twin types. The microwave dielectric properties (at 3.5–5.5 GHz) showed a strong dependence on composition. The relative permittivity (εr) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCf) increased nonlinearly with CaTiO3 content (εr29–170; TCf −50 to +710 ppm∕°C). In contrast Qf (GHz) values decreased approximately linearly with CaTiO3 content (48 000–5790). Near zero TCf (1.06 ppm∕°C) was attained at x=0.55, where εr=44.6 and Qf=32000GHz. The increase in relative permittivity and TCf with CaTiO3 content correlated with the reduction in composition-induced lattice stress in association with increasing macroscopic polarizability.
Ghrelin Modulates Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Stress Response in Lean and Overweight Men (2011)

Ghrelin is a growth hormone-releasing peptide secreted by the stomach with potent effects on appetite. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that ghrelin also influences cardiovascular regulation and metabolic function and mediates behavioral responses to stress. We investigated the effects of ghrelin on blood pressure (BP), sympathetic nervous system activity, and mental stress responses in lean (n=13) and overweight or obese (n=13) individuals. Subjects received an intravenous infusion of human ghrelin (5 pmol/kg per minute for 1 hour) and saline in a randomized fashion. Ghrelin decreased systolic (-6 and -11 mm Hg) and diastolic BP (-8 mm Hg for both), increased muscle sympathetic nervous system activity (18±2 to 28±3 bursts per min, P<0.05 and from 21±2 to 32±3 bursts per min, P<0.001) in lean and overweight or obese subjects, respectively, without a significant change in heart rate, calf blood flow, or vascular resistance. Ghrelin induced a rise in plasma glucose concentration in lean individuals (P<0.05) and increased cortisol levels in both groups (P<0.05). Stress induced a significant change in mean BP (+22 and +27 mm Hg), heart rate (+36 and +29 bpm), and muscle sympathetic nervous system activity (+6.1±1.6 and +6.8±2.7 bursts per min) during saline infusion in lean and overweight or obese subjects, respectively. During ghrelin infusion, the changes in BP and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in response to stress were significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, ghrelin exerts unique effects in that it reduces BP and increases muscle sympathetic nervous system activity and blunts cardiovascular responses to mental stress. These responses may represent a combination of peripheral (baroreflex-mediated) and central effects of ghrelin.
Temporal workflow management in a claim handling system (1999)

Temporal workflow management is important for processes that are time-driven. Claim handling, which requires the documentation, diagnosis, and resolution of customer claims due to faulty products or unsatisfactory services, is an example of such a process because fast turnaround is critical for customer satisfaction. However, little research has been reported in this area, especially at the policy level. In this paper, we develop a framework for temporal workflow management, which includes issues such as turnaround time predication, time allocation, and task prioritization. We propose also the use of reward functions to guide workers' behavior with the goal of increasing efficiency while allowing flexibility.
Production of Drinking Products (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Types of fermented drinking products Factors affecting product quality Manufacturing technique for fresh fermented milk drinks — cold distribution Manufacturing techniques for long-life fermented milk drinks — ambient distribution Quality assessment Miscellaneous fermented milk drinks Conclusion
Preparation of fluorescence-encoded microspheres in a core–shell structure for suspension arrays (2009)

Fluorescence-encoded microspheres are widely used in the detection and analysis of biological molecules, especially in suspension arrays. Here, we report an efficient strategy for the preparation of fluorescence-encoded polystyrene microspheres with desirable optical and surface properties. The micron-sized, monodisperse polystyrene seed beads were first synthesized by dispersion polymerization. Then, dye molecules and carboxyl functional groups were copolymerized on the surface of the seed beads by forming a core–shell structure. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used as a model dye molecule to prepare the fluorescent beads, and the fluorescence intensity of the beads can be precisely controlled by adjusting the quantity of R6G. These fluorescent beads were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and spectrofluorometry. The differences of the fluorescence spectra between fluorescent beads and R6G in solution were investigated. Twelve kinds of fluorescent beads encoded with different R6G fluorescence intensities were prepared, and they can be clearly distinguished on a conventional flow cytometer. Furthermore, the encoded beads are stable in water and resistant to photobleaching, which is crucial for their potential applications in diagnostic assays and imaging. Detection of human alpha fetoprotein antigen via a sandwich microsphere-based immunoassay yielded a detection limit of 80 pg mL−1, demonstrating that the fluorescence-encoded microspheres synthesized herein are efficient in serving as the microcarriers in suspension arrays. As both the encoding and functionalizing procedures are made simultaneously, the newly designed technique is extremely simple and time-saving. Moreover, it could be readily applicable to the preparation of a wide size range of fluorescent particles made by polymerization.
Nonlinear Optical Effects (1962)

A number of possible nonlinear light effects in solids are discussed where the optical properties of a medium depend upon the value of the incident $E$ and $H$ radiation field; as a consequence of the nonlinear properties of these effects and their intrinsic fast response times, the possibility exists of producing harmonic generation and mixing at infrared and visible frequencies. The theory of multiple-photon excitation of an electron from the valence to the conduction in a solid is developed. It is shown that this process exhibits an intensity-dependent absorption edge at photon energies below the minimal energy gap of a solid. The experimental conditions for observing such transitions are considered; presently available optical maser sources of radiation are of sufficient intensity to enable double-quantum processes to be experimentally observable in semiconductors and insulators.
Role of Surface Anchoring and Geometric Confinement on Focal Conic Textures in Smectic-A Liquid Crystals (2006)

A high surface area-to-volume ratio in microchannels increases the importance of surface interactions within them. In layered liquids, such as smectic liquid crystals, surface interactions play an important role in the formation of defect textures. We use 8CB liquid crystal, which is in the smectic-A phase at room temperature, as a model layered liquid. PDMS surfaces can be tuned to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, and due to the nature of liquid crystalline molecules, we show that this results in planar or homeotropic anchoring conditions, respectively. In a confined system, contrary to the bulk, generated defects cannot grow freely. In the present work, we show that the confinement offered by PDMS microchannels along with the capability of creating mixed anchoring conditions within them results in the formation of particular ordered defect textures through increased surface interactions in smectic-A liquid crystals. Our observations imply that microscale confinement is useful for controlling the size, size distribution, and packing structure of microscale defect structures within these materials. In addition, we show that by placing a droplet of smectic-A liquid crystal on a PDMS surface containing microscale parallel cracks, ordered focal conic defects form between two adjacent cracks. The distance between two adjacent cracks dictates the size of the defects. These observations could lead to useful ideas for exploring new technologies for flexible optical devices or displays that utilize smectic-A liquid crystals.
Evaluating gesture-based games with older adults on a large screen display (2011)

Gesture-based games offer lucrative opportunities to engage users across all segments of the population. However, this requires that associated features go beyond mere expectations to meet the needs and requirements of diverse audience groups. Focusing on designing games for healthy older adults, we present a study exploring the usability and acceptability of a set of three gesture-based games. Designed for a large projection screen display, these games employ vision-based techniques that center on physical embodied interaction using a graphical silhouette. Infrared detection, accompanied by back-projection is used to reduce the effects of occluded body movements. User evaluations with 36 older adults were analyzed using a combination of pre- and postgame questionnaires, direct observations and semi-structured group interviews. The results demonstrate that while all the games were usable, they varied in their physical and social engagement, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. In particular, items associated with physical wellbeing were rated highly. During the discussion, we highlight strengths and weaknesses of our findings, including related interaction and application features.
Efficient gene transfer of CD40 ligand into primary B-CLL cells using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors (2002)

B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are resistant to transduction with most currently available vector systems. Using an optimized adenovirus-free packaging system, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors coding for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (AAV/EGFP) and CD40 ligand (AAV/CD40L) were packaged and highly purified resulting in genomic titers up to 3 × 1011/mL. Cells obtained from 24 patients with B-CLL were infected with AAV/EGFP or AAV/CD40L at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 resulting in transgene expression in up to 97% of cells as detected by flow cytometry 48 hours after infection. Viral transduction could be specifically blocked by heparin. Transduction with AAV/CD40L resulted in up-regulation of the costimulatory molecule CD80 not only on infected CLL cells but also on noninfected bystander leukemia B cells, whereas this effect induced specific proliferation of HLA-matched allogeneic T cells. Vaccination strategies for patients with B-CLL using leukemia cells infected ex vivo by rAAV vectors now seems possible in the near future.
Dental Discoloration: An Overview (1999)

This article reviews the etiology and clinical presentation of dental stains and outlines treatment options.
Neural network control of force distribution for power grasp (2002)

The implementation of an artificial-neural-network (ANN)-based power grasp controller is discussed. Multiple points of contact between the grasped object and finger surfaces characterize power grasps. However, modeling is especially difficult because of the nature of the contacts and the resulting closed kinematic structure. Linear programming was used to train an ANN to control the force distribution for objects using a model of the DIGITS grasping system. Force control is implemented to insure that the maximum normal force applied to the object at the contacts is set to a prespecified level whenever possible. The ANN was able to learn the appropriate nonlinear mapping between the object size and force levels to an acceptable level of accuracy and can be used as a constant-time power grasp controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyfluoroalkyl derivatives of nitrogen. Part XLIII. Reactions of N-bromobis(trifluoromethyl)amine with 1-fluoropropene under free-radical and under ionic conditions (1976)

Photochemical reaction of N-bromobis(trifluoromethyl)amine with 1-fluoropropene in the vapour phase gives a mixture of the 1 : 1 adducts 2-bromo-1-fluoro-NN-bis(trifluoromethyl)propylamine and 2-bromo-2-fluoro-1-methyl-NN-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylamine in the ratio 46 : 54. Under conditions conducive to the formation of ionic intermediates (–78 °C in the dark in the liquid phase), stereospecific anti-addition to the olefin takes place and the 1 : 1 adducts are formed in the ratio 90 : 10 (cis-isomer) and 77 : 23 (trans-isomer). All the adducts undergo dehydrobromination by anti-elimination to give the corresponding (E)- or (Z)-olefins, except for (1R,2S)-2-bromo-1-fluoro-NN-bis(trifluoromethyl)propylamine, which undergoes mainly syn-elimination to afford a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-1-fluoro-NN-bis(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-enylamine in the ratio 82 : 18.
Dipole nano-laser (2008)

Theoretically predicted ''dipole lasing'', i.e., spontaneous excitation of coherent metal nano-particle dipole oscillations through interaction with a quantum-dot two-level system subject to population inversion is demonstrated. Equations for dipole lasing are the same as equations for ordinary laser, where the dipole momentum of nano-particle stands for the electromagnetic field cavity mode. Dipole lasing frequency corresponds to the localized plasmon resonance of the nano-particle. Dipole momentum of nano-particle leads to coherent dipole radiation. Optical cavity is not necessary, the size of the dipole laser can be smaller than the optical wavelength, i.e. it is dipole nano-laser. Threshold conditions and optical bistability in dipole nano-lasers are considered.
The Gfi-1 protooncoprotein represses <i>Bax</i> expression and inhibits T-cell death (1996)

The Gfi-1 protooncogene encodes a nuclear zinc-finger protein that carries a novel repressor domain, SNAG, and functions as a position- and orientation-independent active transcriptional repressor. The Gfi-1 repressor allows interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent T cells to escape G1 arrest induced by IL-2 withdrawal in culture and collaborates with c-myc and pim-1 for the induction of retrovirus-induced lymphomas in animals. Here we show that overexpression of Gfi-1 also inhibits cell death induced by cultivation of IL-2-dependent T-cell lines in IL-2-deficient media. Similarly, induction of Gfi-1 in primary thymocytes from mice carrying a metal-inducible Gfi-1 transgene inhibits cell death induced by cultivation in vitro. The protein and mRNA levels of the proapoptotic regulator Bax are down-regulated by Gfi-1 in both immortalized T-cell lines and primary transgenic thymocytes. The repression is direct and depends on several Gfi-1-binding sites in the p53-inducible Bax promoter. In addition to Bax, Gfi-1 also represses Bak, another apoptosis-promoting member of the Bcl-2 gene family. Therefore, Gfi-1 may inhibit apoptosis by means of its repression of multiple proapoptotic regulators. The antiapoptotic properties of Gfi-1 provide a potential explanation for its strong collaboration with c-myc during oncogenesis.
The Putative Plasma Membrane Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Antiporter SOS1 Controls Long-Distance Na <sup>+</sup> Transport in Plants (2002)

The salt tolerance locus SOS1 from Arabidopsis has been shown to encode a putative plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter. In this study, we examined the tissue-specific pattern of gene expression as well as the Na(+) transport activity and subcellular localization of SOS1. When expressed in a yeast mutant deficient in endogenous Na(+) transporters, SOS1 was able to reduce Na(+) accumulation and improve salt tolerance of the mutant cells. Confocal imaging of a SOS1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein in transgenic Arabidopsis plants indicated that SOS1 is localized in the plasma membrane. Analysis of SOS1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase transgenic Arabidopsis plants revealed preferential expression of SOS1 in epidermal cells at the root tip and in parenchyma cells at the xylem/symplast boundary of roots, stems, and leaves. Under mild salt stress (25 mM NaCl), sos1 mutant shoot accumulated less Na(+) than did the wild-type shoot. However, under severe salt stress (100 mM NaCl), sos1 mutant plants accumulated more Na(+) than did the wild type. There also was greater Na(+) content in the xylem sap of sos1 mutant plants exposed to 100 mM NaCl. These results suggest that SOS1 is critical for controlling long-distance Na(+) transport from root to shoot. We present a model in which SOS1 functions in retrieving Na(+) from the xylem stream under severe salt stress, whereas under mild salt stress it may function in loading Na(+) into the xylem.
A nonlinear dynamic model of a servo‐pump controlled injection molding machine (1994)

Abstract This paper presents the development of a nonlinear mathematical model and a microcomputer controlled servo‐pump system for the study of the dynamics of a servo‐pump controlled injection molding machine (IMM). The model is formulated by the Reynolds transport theorem which is applied to describe the polymer flow dynamics in the nozzle. The comparison between the simulation results and experimental investigations indicated that the nonlinear dynamic model is a reasonable representation of a servo‐pump controlled IMM. The output flow rate and working pressure of a servo‐pump controlled IMM can be reasonably represented by the nonlinear model when the acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) is injected.
Rock Glaciers. a Case for a Change in Nomenclature (1983)

The connotation of the term rock glacier, has been one of a common origin form but it is increasingly apparent that we are studying a range of landforms which, with the exception of the glacier debris system type, have no relationship with glaciers. The approach to rock glaciers as a unique form is re-evaluated in the light of the vast numbers which occur in the southwest Yukon. The implications are that they are the norm not the unusual in the development of the proglacial landscape and that correctly identified will provide new evidence for post glaciation landscape evolution.