gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of normal‐phase HPLC stationary phase based on monodisperse hydrophilic polymeric beads and their application (2007)

Abstract The monodisperse, 5.0 μm hydrophilic macroporous poly(glycidymethacrylate‐ co ‐ethylenedimethacrylate) beads were first prepared based on monosized linear poly(glycidylmethacrylate) beads as seed by using a single‐step swelling and polymerization method. The seed beads prepared by dispersion polymerization exhibited good absorption of the monomer phase. The pore size distribution of the beads was evaluated by mercury instrusion method. The surface area was calculated from the BET isotherms of nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The beads were modified to be a normal‐phase liquid chromatographic (NPLC) stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the following steps. First, the beads were completely hydrolyzed. Second, hydrolyzed particles were reacted with epichlorihydrin followed by another hydrolysis of the newly introduced epoxide groups. The retention properties of the NPLC stationary phase were easily modulated by changes in the composition of the mobile phase. The performance of theses beads was demonstrated with the separation of a variety of polar compounds. The satisfactory results were obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Open trial of fluvoxamine treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. (1996)

A 10-week open-label trial of fluvoxamine was conducted for male Vietnam combat veterans with chronic PTSD. Subjects were excluded if they met full current criteria for panic disorder or agoraphobia, and lifetime criteria for psychosis, bipolar disorder, or organic mental syndrome. Repeated MANOVA was performed to determine change over time. Fluvoxamine was well tolerated; side effects were observed primarily early in treatment with headache, insomnia, sedation, and gastrointestinal distress being most frequent. Fluvoxamine was effective for treating the core intrusion, avoidance, and arousal symptoms of PTSD. Large treatment effects were seen by 4-6 weeks, and maintained at 10 weeks. The magnitude of change was greater than has been previously reported for antidepressant treatment of male Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD.
Partial 5/3 level topology for solar grid-tie inverters (2014)

Solar inverters are designed specifically to handle photovoltaic (PV) panels, to efficiently extract the most amount of power, and to transform it properly so that it can be injected into the grid. The singularities of the application allow for opportunities that can be exploited for better performance. Inverters for PV applications are designed to operate at very low voltage variations, almost at a fixed frequency, and with a power factor usually greater than 0.8. While keeping these inverter-specific characteristics in mind, a new topology is proposed. In this work, such new topology provides operational characteristics close to a 5-level topology. This achievement is accomplished by adding just a few more power-electronic components required for a 3-level topology. A complete 3-phase system is designed and simulated. Its good performance is demonstrated, and its benefits and limitations are pointed out. Furthermore the feasibility of this new topology is also explored and verified by implementing a low-power inverter system with the proposed topology.
Predicting relative performance of classifiers from samples (2005)

This paper is concerned with the problem of predicting relative performance of classification algorithms. It focusses on methods that use results on small samples and discusses the shortcomings of previous approaches. A new variant is proposed that exploits, as some previous approaches, meta-learning. The method requires that experiments be conducted on few samples. The information gathered is used to identify the nearest learning curve for which the sampling procedure was carried out fully. This in turn permits to generate a prediction regards the relative performance of algorithms. Experimental evaluation shows that the method competes well with previous approaches and provides quite good and practical solution to this problem.
Roentgen Kymographic Studies of Cardiac Conditions (1937)

ROENTGEN kymography is an objective and accurate method of recording the physiological movements of an organ or structure on a single x-ray film. The original idea was conceived by Bronislaw Sabat (1), in 1911, when he was a physiologist in Warsaw, Poland. The American pioneer in the development of this work was A. W. Crane (2), of Michigan, who, in 1915, presented his kymograph, elucidated the principles of kymography, and pointed out its application in the study of heart disease. In 1928, Pleikart Stumpf (3), of Munich (Fig. 1), made and later perfected a kymograph with multiple slits. By 1931 (4) he had developed the procedure so that it was practical and of clinical value. I. Seth Hirsch (5, 6) introduced multiple-slit kymography to this country in 1934, improved the technic, and made important clinical contributions. It was his work that stimulated our interest in kymography. The procedure is simple (Fig. 2). The essential part of the apparatus is a large lead sheet in which narrow, horizontal slits are cut every 12 mm. apart. Each slit is 0.4 mm. in width, as advocated by Hirsch. This sheet is called the “grid.” In our technic it is stationary. The film or cassette is placed behind the grid, and during a single, continuous exposure of about one and one-fourth second the x-ray film slowly moves down behind the grid a distance slightly less than the space between the slits, or actually 11 millimeters. This leaves 1 mm. of white, unexposed film which divides the kymogram into frames and prevents an overlapping of exposures. It must be clearly understood that it is the movements of only those areas on the border of the heart that overlie a slit which are recorded on the film as it moves down behind the grid. For a more detailed discussion of the apparatus2 and discussion of the principles of kymography, the reader is referred to previous articles (7, 8) and to the papers of Hirsch and Johnson (9). Figure 3 is a kymogram of a normal heart. Each frame is a record of the movements of the small area on the heart border which was opposite a slit during the time the heart filled and emptied. Each wave is one cardiac cycle. The lower leg of each wave is the record of diastole and the upper leg, of systole. Since the slits in the grid are equally spaced and the film moves at a uniform rate, all points on any wave that are equidistant from a white line at the bottom of any frame, occurred at the same instant. By measuring these distances in various frames, it is thus possible to determine the time relationship of the movements that occur in the different cardiac chambers. For example, ventricular systole begins at the peak of the waves and moves medially. If we measure this same distance from the peak to the white line at the bottom of the frame in the aortic area, we see that the aorta is filling outward as the result of the ventricular contraction.
Optical microarray biosensing techniques (2006)

Abstract Microarrays provide a powerful analytical tool for the simultaneous analyses of thousands of parameters, be they DNA or proteins, in a single experiment. However, a number of challenges continue to hinder the widespread application of microarray assays for analytical and diagnostic purposes. Advances in detection methods can help overcome some of these challenges by improving sensitivity and reliability in signal detection and by enabling real‐time detection of binding events. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the most promising optical microarray biosensing techniques. The principles of techniques making use of labels, including scanner type, total internal reflection type, fiber‐optics‐based, and SPR‐enhanced fluorescence, are described, along with a brief summary of labeling strategies. State of the art label‐free techniques, including imaging SPR and imaging ellipsometry, are also reviewed. Examples of microarray‐based assays using each technique are given to illustrate both their usefulness and their limits of detection. Furthermore, the most competitive commercial microarray systems are presented and compared with one another in the context of their detection system. Finally, a discussion of the remaining challenges as well as trends and future applications of microarrays are presented in the context of optical sensing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Acute Effects of the Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor Org 4428 on EEG Sleep in Healthy Volunteers (1999)

Drug-induced improvement of depression may be mediated by changes in sleep physiology. In earlier studies on sleep EEG changes during treatment with antidepressants in depressed patients it could not be excluded that sleep disruptions and changes in the amount and distribution of REM sleep play a role in the changes in the sleep EEG. Therefore knowledge of the effects of antidepressants on the sleep EEG in healthy subjects with non-disturbed baseline sleep is necessary. In a three-way cross-over study in 12 healthy volunteers two single doses of Org 4428 (a highly specific noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor), 25 and 100 mg, were compared with placebo. Sleep EEGs were visually analysed and EEG power of non-REM sleep was measured. The results indicate that sole noradrenaline reuptake inhibiting activity is a potent mechanism to affect sleep polygraphic variables in an antidepressant-like way, i.e. REM sleep suppression and lengthening of REM latency. Despite the increase in the duration of non-REM sleep, i.e. stage 2, no significant changes in EEG power in the range 1-15 Hz were found. Therefore, the acute REM sleep suppression of Org 4428 did not result in a simultaneous reduction of EEG power during non-REM sleep. To date, these and earlier results indicate that most drugs with antidepressant properties affect REM sleep variables consistently, whereas their effect on both sleep polygraphic and EEG power variables in non-REM sleep is unpredictable.
A Dataset for Visual Navigation with Neuromorphic Methods (2016)

Standardized benchmarks in Computer Vision have greatly contributed to the advance of approaches to many problems in the field. If we want to enhance the visibility of event-driven vision and increase its impact, we will need benchmarks that allow comparison among different neuromorphic methods as well as comparison to Computer Vision conventional approaches. We present datasets to evaluate the accuracy of frame-free and frame-based approaches for tasks of visual navigation. Similar to conventional Computer Vision datasets, we provide synthetic and real scenes, with the synthetic data created with graphics packages, and the real data recorded using a mobile robotic platform carrying a dynamic and active pixel vision sensor (DAVIS) and an RGB+Depth sensor. For both datasets the cameras move with a rigid motion in a static scene, and the data includes the images, events, optic flow, 3D camera motion, and the depth of the scene, along with calibration procedures. Finally, we also provide simulated event data generated synthetically from well-known frame-based optical flow datasets.
Molecular-Metal-Oxide-nanoelectronicS (M-MOS): Achieving the Molecular Limit (2013)

Nowadays interest in electronic, magnetic and optical materials based on inorganic, organic, hybrid and nano-materials is increasing significantly. The EPSRC funded M-MOS Programme Grant provides an exciting opportunity for research in the field of molecular electronics based on hybrid nano-materials. Its main aim is to establish a link between the variability, scalability and reliability of a non-volatile flash-memory cell, in which the charge-storing components constitute of a layer of polyoxometalates molecular clusters (POMs). POMs are metal-oxide inorganic molecules formed by early transition metal ions and oxo ligands [1]. Importantly, they can undergo multiple times reversible reduction/oxidation, which makes them attractive candidates for multi-bit storage for flash memory cells. The use of redox-active molecules to form the floating gate (FG) could offer several very important advantages over the conventional polysilicon FG [2]. However, the latter concept has not been proven so far and the on-going effort in modelling and simulations of flash-cell transistors with a POM-based floating gate plays a pivotal role for the sustainability of any farther experiment effort in this direction. In this work we use a plethora of modelling techniques embodied in a custom-built Simulation Domain Bridge, connecting the quantum chemical and mesoscopic device modelling, that illustrates the proposed advantages of POMs in the non-volatile molecular memories. Our ultimate goal is to provide informed guidance for both chemical synthesis and device design and fabrication, with the knowledge derived from device modelling and simulation and computational chemistry calculations.
Robust and Accurate Frequency and Timing Synchronization Using Chirp Signals (2009)

We propose a new robust and accurate synchronization procedure using a training sequence composed of chirp signals. We use a new integer frequency estimation algorithm and propose a new combination of a known fractional frequency offset estimation algorithm and timing synchronization algorithm. The training sequence is composed of one up and two down chirp symbols, also known as Newman phases. The integer frequency offset estimation algorithm uses the effect of timing and frequency offsets on the matched filter outputs of the chirp signals. Autocorrelation and reversed autocorrelation are used to acquire the timing instant and the fractional frequency offset. We present the complete timing and frequency synchronization procedure and study the output signals of the autocorrelation and reversed autocorrelation algorithms. Finally, we check the performance of the synchronization procedure via Monte Carlo simulation in several multipath channels. Our algorithms are accurate and more robust compared to previously published state-of-the art algorithms.
Facility layout optimization using simulation and genetic algorithms (2000)

Traditionally, the objective of a facility layout problem has been to minimize the material handling cost of the manufacturing system. While it is important to reduce the amount of material handling, the traditional methods do not address the actual time at which the material is transported. In today's short cycle time production environments, the timing of material movement may have a bigger impact on the productivity of the system than its cost. In this paper, a facility layout optimization technique is presented that takes into consideration the dynamic characteristics and operational constraints of the system as a whole, and is able to solve the facility layout design problem based on a system's performance measures, such as the cycle time and productivity. Each layout solution is presented in the form of a string that is suitable for analysis by a genetic algorithm technique. These solutions are then translated into simulation models by a specially designed automated simulation model generator. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize the layout for manufacturing effectiveness while simulation serves as a system performance evaluation tool. Combined with a statistical comparison technique to reduce the simulation burden, the test results demonstrate that the proposed approach overcomes the limitations of traditional layout optimization methods and is capable of finding optimal or near optimal solutions.
An Explanation of the Occurrence of Certain New Cladonias (1927)

A little more than a year ago fifteen specimens of Cladonia lichens were sent to a friend for identification. When the report came it was noted that four out of the fifteen were new to science, two new to the American flora, and one had been found only a few months before, if at all. As nearly all of these were from an area of less than four square miles, in Mecklenburg county, situated in the Piedmont section of North Carolina, it is of interest to think of some of the reasons for the occurrence of so many new species within so small an area. One possible explanation is that there has been very little collecting of the lichen flora in this section within the last generation or two, and hence not reported even though the species might have existed there for years. A second possible explanation is that the conditions favorable for the occurrence, at least in any great numbers, of many of the new species in this region have been brought about within the last two or three generations, for the first since pre-historic times.
ANGIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF BIDIRECTIONAL CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW FOLLOWING AORTO-CORONARY BYPASS VEIN GRAFTS (1971)

A properly functioning aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass should provide bidirectional coronary artery blood flow. Blood should pass not only antegrade from the bypass anastomosis into the distal segment of the artery, but also retrograde back to the obstruction in the more proximal part of the artery. Frequently there are important coronary branches arising between the obstruction and the anastomosis and these can only be perfused by means of retrograde arterial filling. Among 46 patent venous bypasses studied angiographically, 37 produced bidirectional coronary flow, while the other 9 produced unidirectional (generally antegrade) flow only. Failure of bidirectional flow indicates that at least some portion of the coronary tree distal to the original stenotic lesion has not been revascularized. Long term evaluation of a large group of postoperative patients will be necessary to ascertain the clinical significance of these 2 different flow patterns.
Fe(II)/(alpha)ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase PrhA-V150L/A232S in complex with preaustinoid A3 (2017)

Non-heme iron and α-ketoglutarate (αKG) oxygenases catalyze remarkably diverse reactions using a single ferrous ion cofactor. A major challenge in studying this versatile family of enzymes is to understand their structure-function relationship. AusE from Aspergillus nidulans and PrhA from Penicillium brasilianum are two highly homologous Fe(II)/αKG oxygenases in fungal meroterpenoid biosynthetic pathways that use preaustinoid A1 as a common substrate to catalyze divergent rearrangement reactions to form the spiro-lactone in austinol and cycloheptadiene moiety in paraherquonin, respectively. Herein, we report the comparative structural study of AusE and PrhA, which led to the identification of three key active site residues that control their reactivity. Structure-guided mutagenesis of these residues results in successful interconversion of AusE and PrhA functions as well as generation of the PrhA double and triple mutants with expanded catalytic repertoire. Manipulation of the multifunctional Fe(II)/αKG oxygenases thus provides an excellent platform for the future development of biocatalysts.
Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging (2005)

The absorption spectrum of the explosive 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) has been measured using a conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by terahertz pulsed spectroscopy. Seven absorption features in the spectral range of 5–120cm−1 have been observed and identified as the fingerprint of RDX. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of individual chemical substances including RDX, has been mapped out using reflection terahertz spectroscopic imaging in combination with component spatial pattern analysis. This is the terahertz spectroscopy and chemical mapping of explosives obtained using reflection terahertz measurement, and represents a significant advance toward developing a terahertz pulsed imaging system for security screening of explosives.
Relation between human papillomavirus positivity and p16 expression in head and neck carcinomas--a tissue microarray study. (2007)

Overexpression of p16 has been demonstrated to be strongly related to the presence of HPV16, 18. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has been shown to be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HPV presence and p16 expression in a representative collection of 60 head and neck carcinomas by tissue microarrays. The presence of HPV (HPV6, 11-low risk, HPV16, 18-high risk) was detected by applying in situ hybridisation. P-16 protein expression was detected immunohistochemically. HPV6, 11 positivity was observed in 10 out of 60 carcinomas. HPV16, 18 presence was found in 30 out of 60 tumours. P-16 expression was detected in 35 out of 60 tumours. A statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between HPV16, 18 presence and increased expression of p16. Also the HPV6, 11 presence was significantly correlated with p16 immunoreactivity. Additionally, this study demonstrates that it is possible to analyse p16 expression and HPV presence by tissue microarrays.
Quality Assessment, Verification, and Validation of Modeling and Simulation Applications (2005)

Many different types of modeling and simulation (M&S) applications are used in dozens of disciplines under diverse objectives including acquisition, analysis, education, entertainment, research, and training. M&S application verification and validation (V&V) are conducted to assess mainly the accuracy, which is one of many indicators affecting the M&S application quality. Much higher confidence can be achieved in accuracy if a quality-centered approach is used. This paper presents a quality model for assessing the quality of large-scale complex M&S applications as integrated with V&V. The guidelines provided herein should be useful for assessing the overall quality of an M&S application.
[The potential of rose Bengal treatment for photodynamic therapy of tumors]. (1999)

An experimental treatment with rose bengal showed that optimal effectiveness of photodynamic therapy of sarcoma M-1 was achieved 3-4 hr after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg body.
Amino Acid Sequence and Characterization of Aldo-keto Reductase from Bakers’ Yeast (1997)

One of the enzymes from bakers' yeast that catalyzes the reduction of alpha- and beta-keto esters has been studied. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme shows that the enzyme belongs to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. The substrate specificity of the enzyme is broad and resembles those of other aldo-keto reductases. The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of keto esters, aldehydes, and aldohexoses.
Malignant Transformation of Branch Duct–Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas Based on Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasonography Morphological Changes (2012)

Malignant transformation of BD-IPMN is not rare. The observation of morphological changes of main pancreatic duct and nodules, mainly on contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography, is practical and useful for predicting MT of BD-IPMN itself.