gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha fair coded caching (2017)

The performance of existing coded caching schemes is sensitive to the worst channel quality, when applied to wireless channels. In this paper, we address this limitation in the following manner: in short-term, we allow transmissions to subsets of users with good channel quality, avoiding users with fades, while in long-term we ensure fairness across the different users. Our online delivery scheme combines (i) joint scheduling and power control for the fading broadcast channel, and (ii) congestion control for ensuring the optimal long-term average performance. By restricting the caching operations to decentralized coded caching proposed in the literature, we prove that our proposed scheme has near-optimal overall performance with respect to the long-term alpha fairness performance. By tuning the coefficient alpha, the operator can differentiate the user performance in terms of video delivery rates achievable by coded caching. We demonstrate via simulations that our scheme outperforms standard coded caching and unicast opportunistic scheduling, which are identified as special cases of our general framework.
Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Distribution of <sup>14</sup>C‐Melatonin in Rat: A Biochemical and Autoradiographic Study (1988)

The distribution of 14C-Melatonin (14C-MT) after systemic injection was studied in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain of rats. Chromatographic analysis (thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography) indicated that the radioactivity from biological samples taken at various times following the injection of label was mainly associated with 14C-MT. Computer analysis of plasma 14C-MT kinetics showed a three-compartment system with half-lives of 0.21 +/- 0.05, 5.97 +/- 1.11, and 47.52 +/- 8.86 min. The volume of distribution and the clearance were 1,736 +/- 349 ml.kg-1 and 25.1 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1.kg-1 respectively. The entry of 14C-MT into the CSF was rapid and reached a maximum at 5 min. The decay followed a two-compartment system with half-lives of 16.5 +/- 2.9 and 47.3 +/- 8.6 min. The CSF/plasma concentration ratio was 0.38 at the steady state (30 min). At 2 min the level of 14C-MT in the brain was 3.8 higher than in the CSF. Representative autoradiograms revealed an heterogeneous localization of 14C-MT in the grey matter. The highest regional values, as evaluated by the permeability area product technique, were found in cortex, thalamic nuclei, medial geniculate nucleus, anterior pretectal area, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, choroid plexuses, and bulb-pons. Thirty minutes later 14C-MT was still detected in most of the brain regions analyzed. These results point to a low but rapid penetration of circulating MT into the brain and the CSF. The heterogeneous distribution and the partial retention of 14C-MT in the brain are compatible with the hypothesis of a central action of this hormone mediated via binding sites.
Correlating the PVT Properties of Nigerian Crudes (1987)

Existing correlations for predicting solution gas oil ratio, Rs, and oil formation volume factor, Bo, gave standard deviations as high as 50 and 12 percent, respectively, for Nigerian crudes. New correlations developed using 503 Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) data points from 100 Nigerian crude oil reservoirs of the Niger Delta Basin are presented. The correlations for Rs and Bo predict values from different reservoirs within 6 and 2 percent standard deviations, respectively, and will apply to crudes of specific gravity range 0.811 to 0.966. These correlations are applicable to other crudes with characteristics similar to those of Nigerian crudes.
Botanical Cleanup Crews (1996)

This article discusses the use of plants to help remediate contaminated soil and water. Many international efforts are aimed at phytoremediation - the use of plants to absorb pollutants from air water and soil. Among the pollutants targeted are radioactive materials, lead, selenium, and oil. Many plants have an ability to bioaccumulate these contaminants. The article goes on to describe specific projects on uranium contaminated springs at ORNL, TEC used as a degreaser and drycleaning agent, selenium in wetlands which contain drainage water, and oil contamination.
CD81 Is a Central Regulator of Cellular Events Required for Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Human Hepatocytes (2008)

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is still a major public health problem, and the events leading to hepatocyte infection are not yet fully understood. Combining confocal microscopy with biochemical analysis and studies of infection requirements using pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNAs, we show here that engagement of CD81 activates the Rho GTPase family members Rac, Rho, and Cdc42 and that the block of these signaling pathways drastically reduces HCV infectivity. Activation of Rho GTPases mediates actin-dependent relocalization of the HCV E2/CD81 complex to cell-cell contact areas where CD81 comes into contact with the tight-junction proteins occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1, which was recently described as an HCV coreceptor. Finally, we show that CD81 engagement activates the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade and that this pathway affects postentry events of the virus life cycle. In conclusion, we describe a range of cellular events that are manipulated by HCV to coordinate interactions with its multiple coreceptors and to establish productive infections and find that CD81 is a central regulator of these events.
A highly effective partition selection policy for object database garbage collection (1998)

We investigate methods to improve the performance of algorithms for automatic storage reclamation of object databases. These algorithms are based on a technique called partitioned garbage collection, in which a subset of the entire database is collected independently of the rest. We evaluate how different application, database system, and garbage collection implementation parameters affect the performance of garbage collection in object database systems. We focus specifically on investigating the policy that is used to select which partition in the database should be collected. Three of the policies that we investigate are based on the intuition that the values of overwritten pointers provide good hints about where to find garbage. A fourth policy investigated chooses the partition with the greatest presence in the I/O buffer. Using simulations based on a synthetic database, we show that one of our policies requires less I/O to collect more garbage than any existing implementable policy. Furthermore, that policy performs close to a locally optimal policy over a wide range of simulation parameters, including database size, collection rate, and database connectivity. We also show what impact these simulation parameters have on application performance and investigate the expected costs and benefits of garbage collection in such systems.
Compromise of Non-traditional: The Relationship between Expressed and Measured Interests (1994)

Where students participate in guidance programs of which interest measurement is a component, careers counsellors often tend to base their initial intervention approach on the inventory results, Some students do not respond positively to this approach. It is suggested that this may occur particularly when students’ direct statements of occupational preference and their inventoried interests are at odds. Whether particular groups of students may be predisposed by virtue of their interest orientation to this condition is investigated. The extent to which a sample of Year 10 students express preference for occupations which are not congruent with their measured interests is analysed within the context of Holland personality/interest groups. Results imply that students who display interest in non-traditional areas are more likely to express incongruent occupational aspirations.
Localization of the Ankyrin-binding Site on Erythrocyte Membrane Protein, Band 3 (1989)

The predominant attachment site of the spectrin-based cytoskeleton to the erythrocyte membrane occurs via the interaction of ankyrin with the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 (cdb3). In order to further characterize this interaction, we have conducted experiments to localize the ankyrin-binding site on cdb3. Four monoclonal and three antipeptide polyclonal antibodies were raised against cdb3 and used in competition studies to identify regions of close association of cdb3 with ankyrin. Antibodies to regions of cdb3 near the cytoplasmic domain-membrane spanning domain junction had no effect on 125I-ankyrin binding. Likewise, an antibody to a highly conserved region between residues 142 and 154 did not inhibit ankyrin binding. However, antibodies at or near the cysteine 201-317 cluster and the proposed proline-rich hinge in the center of cdb3 were potent inhibitors of ankyrin association, as were antibodies to the acidic NH2 terminus. Additional evidence for interaction of ankyrin with the NH2-terminal region of cdb3 was obtained by demonstrating the ability of ankyrin to inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of cdb3 at its NH2 terminus by a purified calf thymus tyrosine kinase. These studies reveal two regions of cdb3, distant in primary sequence, which interact with ankyrin. A specific conformation of cdb3 may be required to permit these regions to simultaneously associate with ankyrin and allow binding to occur.
Transcriptional Profiling in Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic SIV Infections Reveals Significant Distinctions in Kinetics and Tissue Compartmentalization (2009)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection leads to AIDS in experimentally infected macaques, whereas natural reservoir hosts exhibit limited disease and pathology. It is, however, unclear how natural hosts can sustain high viral loads, comparable to those observed in the pathogenic model, without developing severe disease. We performed transcriptional profiling on lymph node, blood, and colon samples from African green monkeys (natural host model) and Asian pigtailed macaques (pathogenic model) to directly compare gene expression patterns during acute pathogenic versus non-pathogenic SIV infection. The majority of gene expression changes that were unique to either model were detected in the lymph nodes at the time of peak viral load. Results suggest a shift toward cellular stress pathways and Th1 profiles during pathogenic infection, with strong and sustained type I and II interferon responses. In contrast, a strong type I interferon response was initially induced during non-pathogenic infection but resolved after peak viral load. The natural host also exhibited controlled Th1 profiles and better preservation of overall cell homeostasis. This study identified gene expression patterns that are specific to disease susceptibility, tissue compartmentalization, and infection duration. These patterns provide a unique view of how host responses differ depending upon lentiviral infection outcome.
Preparation, Self-Assembly, and Mechanistic Study of Highly Monodispersed Nanocubes (2007)

In this paper, we describe the synthesis and growth mechanism of highly monodispersed platinum nanocubes. The platinum nanocubes are synthesized by the decomposition of a platinum precursor in a hydrogen atmosphere. The morphology and size distribution of the platinum particles formed has been studied with HRTEM. By controlling the concentration of the platinum precursor, we demonstrate that at low concentration, it is possible to grow polydispersed nanocubes with {1,0,0} facets. Increasing the concentration of the precursor changes the growth mechanism, resulting in the formation of highly monodispersed platinum nanocubes. Highly monodispersed platinum nanocubes are formed in a two-step growth mechanism with initial growth of the {1,1,1} facets followed by secondary growth filling the {1,0,0} facets. The particle monodispersity facilitates the formation of long-range arrays of nanocubes.
Cognitive Function and Medication Usage in Older Adults (1994)

Research is presented from three different cognitive aging laboratories that examines the relationship between cognitive function, age, and the ability to adhere to medication regimens. The first section focuses on the effectiveness of complete, explicit instructions that emphasize the importance of organization of medication information on adherence behaviors for both younger and older adults. The second section examines the role of literal versus inferential medication information in normal elderly and in Alzheimer's patients. This research demonstrates that traditional measures of cognitive functioning are correlated with the comprehension of medication information and medication adherence. Finally, the third section presents an overview of research issues m adherence, including the relative effectiveness of two adherence measurement techniques, as well as a discussion of the effects of illness beliefs on adherence and evidence that adherence is not a global behavior but may vary within the individual as a function of certain medications. Directions for future research are suggested.
Study on Welding Mechanism Based on Modification of Polypropylene for Improving the Laser Transmission Weldability to PA66 (2015)

Polypropylene and PA66 are widely used in our daily life, but they cannot be welded by laser transmission welding (LTW) because of polar differences and poor compatibility. In this paper, grafting modification technology is used to improve the welding performance between polypropylene and PA66. Firstly, the strong reactive and polar maleic-anhydride (MAH) is grafted to polypropylene and infrared spectrometer is used to prove that MAH has been grafted to polypropylene. At the same time, the mechanical and thermal properties of the graft modified polypropylene (TGMPP) are tested. The results prove that the grafting modification has little influence on them. Also, the optical properties of TGMPP are measured. Then, the high welding strength between TGMPP and PA66 is found and the mechanism of the weldability is researched, which shows that there are two reasons for the high welding strength. By observing the micro morphology of the welding zone, one reason found is that the modification of polypropylene can improve the compatibility between polypropylene and PA66 and make them easy to diffuse mutually, which causes many locking structures formed in the welding region. The other reason is that there are chemical reactions between TGMPP and PA66 proved by the X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.
Effects of neurotensin, substance P and methionine‐enkephalin on colonic motility (1981)

The influence of neurotensin, substance P and methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephaline) on proximal and distal colonic motility was studied in anesthetized cats. When administered i.v, at a dose of 14 pmol x kg-1 x min-1, neurotensin increased basal smooth muscle tone and antiperistaltic activity in the proximal colon. After higher doses of neurotensin the basal muscle tone also increased in the distal colon. Substance P at a dose of 17 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 selectively and powerfully stimulated the distal colon, thus causing a mass contraction pattern with a concomitant decrease in peristaltic amplitude. In the proximal part of the colon 17 pmol x kg -1 x min-1 of substance P exerted an inhibitory action on the peristaltic amplitude in animals with a high level of spontaneous activity. In addition, the basal muscle tone was slightly decreased. In animals with sluggish spontaneous activity, however, no effects were detected in the proximal colon. With increasing doses of substance P forceful contractions of the proximal colon were also registered. Met-enkephalin at a dose of 40 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 increased the smooth muscle basal tone with no effect on the peristaltic activity in the proximal or distal segments. The effect on basal tone was blocked by naloxone. Thus, neurotensin, substance P and met-enkephalin have distinct motor actions on the colon. At low doses neurotensin may stimulate the churning and mixing functions of the proximal colon. Substance P exerts its major effects on the distal part with a mass contraction response and met-enkepahlin increases the basal muscle tone equally in the proximal and distal parts of the colon.
Botulism outbreaks in natural environments â€“ an update (2014)

Clostridium botulinum comprises a diverse group of botulinum toxin-producing anaerobic rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria that are ubiquitously distributed in soils and aquatic sediments. Decomposition of plants, algae, and animals creates anaerobic environments that facilitate growth of C. botulinum, which may then enter into food webs leading to intoxication of animals. Via saprophytic utilization of nutrients, the bacteria rapidly sporulate, creating a reservoir of highly robust spores. In the present review, we focus on the occurrence of C. botulinum in non-clinical environments, and examine factors influencing growth and environmental factors associated with botulism outbreaks. We also outline cases involving specific environments and their biota. In wetlands, it has been found that some C. botulinum strains can associate with toxin-unaffected organisms--including algae, plants, and invertebrates--in which the bacteria appear to germinate and stay in the vegetative form for longer periods of time. We suggest the need for future investigations to resolve issues related to the environments in which C. botulinum spores may accumulate and germinate, and where the vegetative forms may multiply.
A Bond Path:  A Universal Indicator of Bonded Interactions (1998)

The quantum mechanics of proper open systems yields the physics that governs the local behavior of the electron density, ρ(r). The Ehrenfest force F(r) acting on an element of ρ(r) and the virial field ν(r) that determine its potential energy are obtained from equations of motion for the electronic momentum and virial operators, respectively. Each is represented by a “dressed” density, a distribution in real space that results from replacing the property in question for a single electron with a corresponding density that describes its average interaction with all of the remaining particles in the system. All bond paths, lines of maximum density linking neighboring nuclei in a system in stable electrostatic equilibrium, have a common physical origin in terms of F(r) and ν(r), regardless of the nature of the interaction. Each is homeomorphically mirrored by a virial path, a line of maximally negative potential energy density linking the same nuclei. The presence of a bond path and its associated virial path provide a universal indicator of bonding between the atoms so linked. There is no net force acting on an element of ρ(r) or on an atom in a molecule in a stationary state, and ν(r) is attractive everywhere. Thus, contrary to what has appeared in the literature, no repulsive forces act on atoms linked by a bond path, nor on their nuclei. All atomic interactions, including those described as nonbonded and responsible for binding in condensed states of matter, result from a local pairing of the densities of opposite spin electrons. This local pairing, which varies throughout space and with the strength of the interaction, should be distinguished from the notion of an electron pair, as embodied in the Lewis model.
A linear MMSE receiver for multipath asynchronous random-CDMA with chip pulse shaping (2002)

This paper studies the design and implementation of a linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) receiver in asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems that employ long-code pseudonoise (PN) sequences and operate in multipath environments. The receiver is shown to be capable of multiple-access interference (MAI) suppression and multipath diversity combining without the knowledge of other users' signature sequences. It maximizes output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the aid of a new chip filter which exploits the cyclostationarity of the received signal and combines all paths of the desired user that fall within its supported time span. The performance of the LMMSE receiver is compared with that of the coherent selective RAKE receiver. The achieved gain is on the order of 0.6-1.8 dB in dense multipath environments of current narrow-band settings and nonuniform power distribution scenarios of next-generation CDMA systems. An example of adaptive implementation of the LMMSE receiver is presented and accompanied by complexity analysis, training curves, and quantitative performance comparisons illustrating the convergence rate and steady-state performance of the adaptive algorithms.
Acceleration of F‐cell production in response to experimentally induced anemia in adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) (1980)

Abstract Changes in levels of fetal hemoglobin and Hb F‐containing erythrocytes (F‐cells) were monitored in adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) rendered acutely anemic by phenylhydrazine or phlebotomy, or chronically anemic by a combination of both forms of treatment. The highest levels of Hb F were observed in acutely anemic animals from 21 to 29 days after initiation of treatment and represented 2.2‐ to 5.6‐fold increases over levels measured prior to induction of anemia. Changes in F‐cell levels correlated well with changes in proportions of Hb F (r = 0.89), and peak F‐cell levels exceeded initial levels by factors ranging from 6 to 11.7. These data confirm previous findings and indicate that adult baboons respond to severe anemic stress by producing increased numbers of Hb F‐containing cells. Thus, P cynocephalus appears to be a suitable model for the study, in vivo, of Hb F regulation in man, since it is likely that changes in Hb F production are mediated by similar mechanisms in both species.
Mobile Widget Architecture (2008)

Driven by the vision that mobile computing devices will constitute the vast majority of the near future computing devices, new technology and frameworks arrive to facilitate the creation of highly interactive mobile web applications. Those applications are called rich internet applications. This thesis concentrates on a subset of those. Namely the internet enabled widget. Widgets are small computer applications that perform a single task and lowers the threshold of knowledge required for creating them. As the evolution of technology and internet use proceed, this leads to a number of rivaling technologies and more or less obsolete devices. This thesis investigates the realization of widgets on devices already considered to be of a past generation. Such a widget system consisting of a mobile widget engine and a server side engine can be more or less isolated from contemporary widget enabling frameworks. This thesis highlights the suitability of using the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style for constructing both widgets as web resources and addresses the contrast between the original large system, of internet scale, use of REST with its adoption of comparatively small scale widgets.