gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unlinking absorption and haze in thin film silicon solar cells front electrodes (2010)

Abstract We study the respective influence of haze and free carrier absorption (FCA) of transparent front electrodes on the photogenerated current of micromorph thin film silicon solar cells. To decouple the haze and FCA we develop bi‐layer front electrodes: a flat indium tin oxide layer assures conduction and allows us to tune FCA while the haze is adjusted by varying the thickness of a highly transparent rough ZnO layer. We show how a minimum amount of FCA leads only to a few percents absorption for a single light path but to a strong reduction of the cell current in the infrared part of the spectrum. Conversely, a current enhancement is shown with increasing front electrode haze up to a saturation of the current gain. This saturation correlates remarkably well with the haze of the front electrode calculated in silicon. This allows us to clarify the requirements for the front electrodes of micromorph cells. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epidermal Growth Factor Influences Growth and Differentiation of Rat Granulosa Cells (1990)

The interactions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) with transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and FSH in the modulation of DNA synthesis and differentiated functions were examined in cultures of granulosa cells isolated from the ovaries of immature rats primed with diethylstilbestrol. EGF alone or in the presence of FSH had no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA of granulosa cells; however, EGF inhibited FSH plus TGF beta-induced DNA synthesis. In contrast, when FSH was omitted from the culture medium, EGF acted in concert with TGF beta, and TGF beta plus IGF-I, to promote DNA synthesis. EGF therefore has opposing actions on DNA synthesis; it inhibits or stimulates depending upon the presence or absence of FSH and consequently upon the endocrine environment in the follicle. As shown previously EGF alone had no effect on basal aromatase activity. EGF however inhibited FSH-induced and FSH plus IGF-I-induced aromatase activity. In this paper we show that EGF also inhibited the FSH-induced aromatase activity in the presence of TGF beta, which augmented FSH action on this system. The action of EGF on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) was different from the effect of EGF on aromatase. In the absence of FSH, EGF induced 3 beta-HSD activity in the presence or absence of TGF beta. EGF augmented the action of FSH on 3 beta-HSD, and this interaction was further enhanced by TGF beta. These observations emphasize the multifunctional nature of EGF in influencing the growth and differentiation of immature rat granulosa cells. EGF can inhibit or stimulate growth and differentiated functions (aromatase and 3 beta-HSD), the response depending on the context of the signals that the cell receives from its endocrine and microenvironment.
Studies on the shade-tolerant or shade-loving ground cover plants (1968)

Landscape architects grow different types of plants usually in the shade of trees or in the northern side of buildings in order to create shady sourroundings.There are many terminologies such as “Heliophytes. Helio-Sciophytes, Sciophytes”; “Light plants, Shade plants, Shade-tolerant plants” etc., which signiby different types of plants grown in varied ecological light intensity. These plants, especilly plants for landscaping have not been studied in detail.In this experiment a search has been made to Find out shade-tolerant or shade-loving plants.Twelve species of ground cover plants (Table 5) were grown in a desingned experimental plot (Fig. 1).From the present expermental data (Table 6, Fig 2), twelve species of ground cover plants have been classified into four groups as follows:I High-grade-sun-loving plants, designated as “High-grade-sun-loving plants”. These plants cannot grow at all in the slight shade.For example, Tifton 328 Bermuda grass, Manila grass (HIMEKORAISHBA), st. Augastingrass.II Sun-loving plants, designated as “Sun-loving and slight-shade-tolerant plants”. These plants can grow in the slight shade.For example, Kentucky 31 fescue, Orchard grass.III Slight-shade-loving plants, designated as “Slightshade-loving plants”. These plants cannot grow in the dense shade.For example, Dichondra repens (AOIGOKE), Dichondra micranta (Dichondra), Ranunclus repens (HAIKIMPOGE), Sedum Makinoi (MARUBAMANNENGUSA), Sedum lineare (ONOMANNENGUSA).IV Slight-shade-loving plants, designated as “Slightshade-loving and danse-shade-tolerants plants”. these plants can grow in the dense shade.For example, Japanese spurge (FUKKISO), Reinekia carnea (KICHIJOSO).
Error‐prone DNA polymerase IV is controlled by the stress‐response sigma factor, RpoS, in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

An insertion in rpoS, which encodes the general stress response sigma factor sigma 38, was isolated as an antimutator for 'stationary-phase' or 'adaptive' mutation. In the rpoS mutant strain the levels of error-prone DNA polymerase Pol IV were reduced. Pol IV is encoded by the dinB gene, and the amount of its transcript was also reduced in rpoS mutant cells. In wild-type cells, the levels of Pol IV increased in late stationary phase and stayed elevated for several days of continuous incubation, whereas in rpoS defective cells Pol IV was not induced and declined during prolonged incubation. Even in cells missing LexA, the repressor of dinB, maximum Pol IV expression required RpoS. These results suggest that induction of Pol IV is part of a cellular response to starvation and other stresses.
Blood pressure measurement in the artery proximal and distal to an intra-arterial embolus during thrombolytic therapy (2010)

Higher systemic blood pressure produced stronger hydromechanical forces on the clot, forming a proximal-distal blood pressure gradient across the clot. The stronger hydromechanical force could result in higher compaction of the clot, thus making it more difficult to remove.
A fourth-order bandpass delta-sigma modulator with reduced numbers of op amps (1995)

A switched-capacitor quadrature demodulation technique, which is insensitive to first-order errors resulting from 90/spl deg/ phase inaccuracy and path mismatch, is demonstrated to shift a band-pass spectrum directly to dc. A sampling rate of four times the passband center frequency facilitates the quadrature demodulation and removes the 90/spl deg/ phase error. Furthermore, the path-mismatch error is canceled using the same signal path repeatedly, thereby reducing the number of op amps. A fourth-order band-pass /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ modulator, integrated in an area of 1 mm/sup 2/ using 2-/spl mu/m CMOS, consumes 0.8 mW with a single 3.3-V supply and exhibits an SNR of 56 dB within a 30-kHz bandwidth.
Indirect Food Additives and Polymers: Migration and Toxicology (2000)

Introduction Monomers Plasticizers Stabilizers Catalysts, Initiators, Curing and Cross-Linking Agents Rubber Ingredients Solvents Other Additives Polymers Index
Analysis and design of a high power dc-dc converter (1989)

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Simultaneous amplification of the two most frequent mutations of infantile Tay-Sachs disease in single blastomeres (1995)

Tay-Sachs disease is a lysosomal storage disease, which in its most severe form leads inexorably to death during infancy. We have developed a method for preimplantation diagnosis, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, by which the two most frequent mutations occurring in this disease can be amplified simultaneously. We have tested this method on single blastomeres and have compared four lysis methods: (i) boiling in water at 94 degrees C for 15 or (ii) 30 min, and (iii) incubation in an alkaline lysis buffer for 30 min at 94 degrees C or (iv) at 65 degrees C for 10 min. The amplification percentages were 21, 67, 71 and 91% respectively.
Oligomeric PEG-Phospholipids for Solubilization and Stabilization of Fluorescent Nanocrystals in Water (2008)

Water soluble fluorescent nanocrystals were obtained by encapsulation of hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs) with amphiphilic phospholipids derived from the ring opening metathesis of norbornene-based monomers. The robustness of the newly coated quantum dots was assessed by comparative studies under various ionic conditions which indicated an overall enhancement of their fluorescence stability.
Efficient Learning of Label Ranking by Soft Projections onto Polyhedra (2006)

We discuss the problem of learning to rank labels from a real valued feedback associated with each label. We cast the feedback as a preferences graph where the nodes of the graph are the labels and edges express preferences over labels. We tackle the learning problem by defining a loss function for comparing a predicted graph with a feedback graph. This loss is materialized by decomposing the feedback graph into bipartite sub-graphs. We then adopt the maximum-margin framework which leads to a quadratic optimization problem with linear constraints. While the size of the problem grows quadratically with the number of the nodes in the feedback graph, we derive a problem of a significantly smaller size and prove that it attains the same minimum. We then describe an efficient algorithm, called SOPOPO, for solving the reduced problem by employing a soft projection onto the polyhedron defined by a reduced set of constraints. We also describe and analyze a wrapper procedure for batch learning when multiple graphs are provided for training. We conclude with a set of experiments which show significant improvements in run time over a state of the art interior-point algorithm.
Fabrication and characterization of tuned Gaussian mirrors for the visible and the near infrared (1988)

A thin-film technique has been developed for vacuum fabrication of mirrors with Gaussian reflectivity profiles. Samples with diameters from 2 to 8 mm and assigned maximum reflectivities for visible or near-IR wavelengths have been made and their optical properties evaluated. By properly choosing both the geometry of the evaporation source and the masking system, one can obtain quasi-Gaussian or super-Gaussian reflectivity profiles.
Synthesis techniques for CMOS folded source-coupled logic circuits (1992)

The application of series-gated, multiplexer-minimization, and variable-entered mapping methods to the synthesis of fully differential CMOS folded source-coupled logic (FSCL) gates is described. In contrast to conventional static logic, FSCL dissipates DC power. Its total power consumption is competitive at higher speeds where its low digital switching noise is most advantageous. The minimum propagation delay of a simple FSCL gate compares favorably to a conventional gate. Complex functions are generally faster in FSCL since its fully differential topology requires fewer stages of delay. Simulated and measured results are presented for several combinational and sequential FSCL gates in a 2- mu m p-well CMOS process. With V/sub dd/=5 V, a FSCL (static) inverter achieved a minimum propagation delay of 400 ps (350 ps) with a power-delay product of 0.5 pJ (0.3 pJ); a FSCL (static) 1-b full adder achieved a minimum delay of 3.0 ns (12.0 ns) with a power-delay product of 0.3 pJ (11.0 pJ).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reciprocal rank fusion outperforms condorcet and individual rank learning methods (2009)

Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF), a simple method for combining the document rankings from multiple IR systems, consistently yields better results than any individual system, and better results than the standard method Condorcet Fuse. This result is demonstrated by using RRF to combine the results of several TREC experiments, and to build a meta-learner that ranks the LETOR 3 dataset better than any previously reported method
A Privacy-Preserving Incentive Scheme for Advertisement Dissemination in Vehicular Social Networks (2016)

Recent years has witnessed a great progress in Vehicular Social Networks (VSNs), which is a particular class of vehicular ad hoc networks, characterized by social aspects and features, including human mobility and rational behaviors. Among various VSN applications, one of the most promising applications is the dissemination of commercial advertisement via car-to-RSU (rode side unit) and car-to-car communication. However, due to non-cooperative behavior of selfish nodes or malicious ones in the real-world scenario, such vehicular advertisement system can't be realized unless proper security and incentive mechanisms are taken into account. In this paper, the privacy concern is addressed by leveraging a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) to provide secure incentives for cooperative nodes. The selfishness issue is solved through adopting Topology-dependent Reward Mechanisms (TDRM). Preliminary theoretical and simulation results show that, besides incentivizing individuals' participation, the proposed scheme can increase participants' reward through their active contribution and solicitation, and moreover, is robust against users' misbehaviors, especially Sybil-attack.
The Development of the Transvenous Automatic Defibrillator (1972)

The transvenous automatic defibrillator is a device which automatically recognizes and treats ventricular fibrillation. The initial clinical prototype resembles an external pacemaker: the electronic components and power supply are external to the body, the sensing and defibrillating elements being contained in a transvenous catheter. The sensors monitor intracardiac R waves and cardiac contraction. Absence of both signals identifies the arrhythmia and triggers the defibrillatory shock, delivered through the right ventricular electrode and another more proximal on the catheter. If needed, the device recycles automatically. It is also adaptable for pacing and for elective intraatrial cardioversion. Results of animal experiments were successful, and tests are currently being done on patients requiring defibrillation during open heart surgery. The clinical indications for the device are numerous and it is hoped that this approach will decrease the present prohibitive mortality from coronary heart disease.
A mathematical approach to rating food acceptance of the harvester termite, <i>Hodotermes mossambicus</i> (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae) and the evaluation of baits for its control (1990)

Abstract Hodotermes mossambicus (Hagen) is a harvester termite which competes with livestock for natural grazing. Control by baiting is recommended. Field trials in the north-western Orange Free State and south-western Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, showed that the two most commonly used commercial baits, with carbaryl or sodium fluosilicate as the active ingredient, are ineffective in controlling this species. A simple mathematical model was developed to rate the acceptability of grasses as food for the termite colonies. This enabled the attractiveness of the bait carriers as food for termites to be compared with that of the grasses. All five grass species tested had a similar food acceptability value, while both bait carriers were unacceptable as food. Failure of the baits was due to the fact that they were not consumed by the termites. The active ingredients was found to be effective when natural grass was used as the bait carrier. The mathematical model was extended to elucidate the effect of different baits on colony survival. This approach could be further used to rate new baits and their carriers objectively.
Sample size requirement for digital image analysis of collagen proportionate area in cirrhotic livers (2012)

The sample size required for a given probability level depends on the aetiology of cirrhosis, and this should be taken into account when judging the reliability of cirrhotic liver biopsy CPA.
Streamline Technology for the Evaluation of Full-Field Compositional Processes: Midale—A Case Study (2005)

Summary Traditionally, the evaluation of CO2-flooding processes is performed with finite-difference compositional-simulation models. However, compositional simulation is impractical for modeling large-scale CO2 floods because of computational run-time restrictions. In cases in which reservoir heterogeneity and fluid mobility dominate the reservoir recovery mechanism, streamline simulation offers a viable alternative to compositional simulation. The "reduced" physics in streamline simulation allows field-scale CO2-flood modeling to be feasible, as long as the streamline pressure/volume/ temperature (PVT) model can be calibrated so that the streamline model will produce accurate results for CO2-injection processes. Using streamline simulation allows for the evaluation of multiple full-field development scenarios that otherwise would not be possible with compositional simulation. The objective of the study was to provide CO2-flood performance forecasts under various full-field development scenarios for the Midale field. This paper focuses on the methodology and results from the 1,000-well, &gt;400,000-gridblock, 45+-year streamline simulation of the Midale field. In particular, it discusses the construction and history match of the full-field model, the calibration of the streamline model with the compositional model, and the development of the full-field CO2 forecasts.
Fast header decoding using turbo codes on Rayleigh fading channels (2001)

In this paper we present a modification of a typical turbo code to allow for the header bits to be decoded much faster than the other bits. This gives the decoder a possibility to discard data packets not addressed to it, and saves time and power since fewer iterations need to be performed to reliably decode the header.
Ensuring Animal Welfare While Meeting Scientific Aims Using a Murine Pneumonia Model of Septic Shock (2013)

With animal models, death as an intentional end point is ethically unacceptable. However, in the study of septic shock, death is still considered the only relevant end point. We defined eight humane end points into four stages of severity (from healthy to moribund) and used to design a clinically relevant scoring tool, termed "the mouse clinical assessment score for sepsis" (M-CASS). The M-CASS was used to enable a consistent approach to the assessment of disease severity. This allowed an ethical and objective assessment of disease after which euthanasia was performed, instead of worsening suffering. The M-CASS displayed a high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.97) with a high level of agreement and an intraclass correlation coefficient equal to 0.91. The plasma levels of cytokines and markers of oxidative stress were all associated with the M-CASS score (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.05). The M-CASS allows tracking of disease progression and animal welfare requirements.
Tilted plane feldkamp type reconstruction algorithm for spiral cone beam CT (2005)

An approximation image reconstruction method for spiral cone-beam computed tomography (CT), called tilted plane Feldkamp type reconstruction algorithm (TPFR), is presented in this paper, which extends the Feldkamp cone-beam reconstruction algorithm to overcome its inaccuracy problem caused by large cone-angle. This is done by tilting the reconstructing planes to minimize the cone angle and optimally fit the spiral segment of the source. After reconstruction of the tilted plane images, a subsequent interpolation step reforms the tilted plane images to plane images perpendicular to the z-axis. Simulations of Shepp-Logan phantom can show that the image reconstruction performance of the proposed TPFR algorithm is superior to that of the conventional Feldkamp type reconstruction algorithm.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of volatile organic compounds from potato tubers inoculated with <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> or <i>Fusarium coeruleum</i> (2001)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected from potato tubers inoculated with Phytophthora infestans (late blight), Fusarium coeruleum (dry rot) or sterilized distilled water (as a control) were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID). A total of 52 volatiles were identified by GC–MS in the headspaces above P. infestans‐ and F. coeruleum‐ inoculated tubers after incubation for 42 days in the dark at 10°C. Of these VOCs, the six most abundant were common to both pathogens. These were benzothiazole (highest abundance), 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol (second highest abundance), and at approximately equal third abundance, hexanal, 2‐methylpropanoic acid‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐(2‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐propyl ester, 2‐methylpropanoic acid‐3‐hydroxy‐2,4,4‐trimethyl‐pentyl ester and phenol. In addition, styrene also occurred at approximately equal third abundance in the headspace of F. coeruleum‐ inoculated tubers, but at lower abundance in the headspace of P. infestans‐ inoculated tubers. Some VOCs were specific to each pathogen. Butanal, 3‐methylbutanal, undecane and verbenone were found at low levels only in the headspace of tubers inoculated with P. infestans , while 2‐pentylfuran and copaene were found only in the headspace of tubers inoculated with F. coeruleum . Additionally GC–FID analysis identified ethanol and 2‐propanol in the liquid exudate from both P. infestans ‐ and F. coeruleum ‐inoculated tubers after incubation for 35 days, and in the headspace after incubation for 42 days. These data provide key information for developing a sensor‐based early warning system for the detection of postharvest diseases in stored potato tubers.
Bimodal fingerprint capturing system based on compound-eye imaging module (2004)

A compact imaging system called TOMBO (Thin Observation Module by Bound Optics) is proposed in which a microlens array is used for thin hardware configuration. This paper describes a fingerprint-capturing module as an application of the TOMBO. Experimental results by the TOMBO prototype system are shown to clarify the applicability of the TOMBO to the fingerprint capturing. Different types of biometrics, i.e., fingerprint and face images, are captured by the same hardware, which shows the extendability of the system for multimodal identification.
Unique cholesteryl glucosides in Helicobacter pylori: composition and structural analysis (1995)

A chloroform-methanol-extracted lipid of Helicobacter pylori was studied. Three kinds of glycolipids, accounting for about 25% (wt/wt) of the total lipid, were detected and identified to be cholesteryl glucosides. The structures of two of them were determined to be cholesteryl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and cholesteryl-6-O-tetrade-canoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, and the plausible structure of the third one was identified as cholesteryl-6-O-phosphatidyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Cholesteryl glucosides are very rare in animals and bacteria. Furthermore, those in H. pylori had an alpha-glycosidic linkage, which is rather unusual for natural glycosides, and a phosphate-linked cholesteryl glycoside like the cholesteryl-6-O-phosphatidyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside has not been reported previously. As the cholesterol glucosides were detected in strains obtained from diverse geographical locations, the presence of cholesteryl glucosides in H. pylori is a very unique and a characteristic feature of the species. These findings add a new facet to the physiology and biochemistry, especially the cholesterol and glucose metabolism, of H. pylori. Furthermore, the cholesteryl glucosides of H. pylori showed hemolytic activities.