gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Development of homogeneous assay for HDL-C in serum]. (2002)

Recent development of several homogeneous assays for measuring HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum without pretreatment has been reviewed. Several problems on the five homogeneous assays based on PEG-modified enzyme/alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate (PEGME), polyanion-polymer/detergent (PPD), immunoinhibition, catalase/detergent and 4-sulfonyl calyx[8]areine are discussed comparing with CDC reference method. The two homogeneous assays (PEGME and PPD) used in many laboratories were precise and correlated well with CDC reference method (mean percentage bias: < 5%). The discrepancies of recoveries for apo E-rich HDL-C were observed among reagents of homogeneous assays in serum from patients with hepatobiliary diseases and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency. Apo E-rich HDL slightly contained in normal serum was most recovered by homogeneous methods, but not by precipitation methods. The differences between the normal values for HDL-C obtained by homogeneous assay (PEGME method) and precipitation method (dextran sulfate-phosphotungstate-MgCl2) were statistically significant (p < 0.01).
Supercritical Assisted Atomization: Polyvinylpyrrolidone as Carrier for Drugs with Poor Solubility in Water (2013)

Supercritical assisted atomization (SAA) is an efficient technique to produce microparticles and composite microspheres formed by polymers and pharmaceutical compounds. In this work polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was proposed as carrier for pharmaceutical compounds that show a poor solubility in water medium. Indeed, this polymer is hydrosoluble and can be generally used to enhance the dissolution rate of hydrophobic compounds when finely dispersed in it. However, it is difficult to obtain coprecipitates with a uniform dispersion of the active molecule using other micronization techniques. The experiments were performed using ethanol as solvent; SAA plant was operated at 40°C and 76 bar in the saturator and 70°C and 1.6 bar in the precipitator. Three different dexamethasone/polymer weight ratios were selected: 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8. Produced composite particles showed a regular, spherical shape and a mean diameter ranging from about 0.8 to 1 μ m, depending on the polymer/drug weight ratio. Dissolution analysis demonstrated that microparticles containing a lower drug amount show a higher dissolution rate.
"Montaa" kielivirheenä : Näkymättömän käden jäljillä (2001)

Montaa: Grammatical error? (englanti) Kielenainekset monta (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 193)
Organic Semiconducting Oligomers for Use in Thin Film Transistors (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Semiconducting Oligomers for Use in Thin Film TransistorsAmanda R. Murphy and Jean M. J. FréchetView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Division of Materials Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 4, 1066–1096Publication Date (Web):April 11, 2007Publication History Received15 June 2006Published online11 April 2007Published inissue 1 April 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0501386https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0501386research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15123Altmetric-Citations1729LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Mobility,Molecules,Oligomers,Reaction products,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Infection after lung transplantation. (1993)

Infections have been and still are the major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Nevertheless, the negative impact of infection on outcome has lessened considerably over the last decade because of lessons learned in the prevention, identification, and treatment of infection. Antibiotics tailored to the results of cultures and stains of respiratory-tract secretions obtained from both the donor and recipient have markedly decreased the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia early after lung transplantation. Ganciclovir treatment has reduced the mortality of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease from 27% to 1%. Ganciclovir as prophylaxis has modestly reduced the prevalence of CMV illness from 80% to 60%. Pneumocystis infection has been nearly eliminated with low-dose trimethropin/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. Treating all Candida/Aspergillus isolates from respiratory-tract secretions with fluconazole or itraconazole has reduced the prevalence of fungus infections from 14% to 5%. Challenges still remain. The ideal regimen to prevent CMV illness is yet to be determined, and treating all fungal isolates from the allograft is not cost effective. Recurrent airway infection and late bacterial pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas species when obliterative bronchiolitis is present remain a major cause of concern. Surely the next decade will provide new insights into these problems.
The Need for Change in Institutions, Regulations and Attitudes in the Australian Coal Industry (1990)

Australia is the world's largest coal exporter, with in excess of 30% of world coal trade. Our success in achieving this position has been, in part, due to a number of natural advantages. The industry will be faced with continuing and strong international competition in the 1990s. To maintain its market share, the industry will need to continue to adapt and to become more efficient. There is scope for a significant increase in the industry's efficiency. However, for this to be achieved, changes in attitudes within the industry, as well as in the institutional framework and in the regulations controlling the industry, will be necessary.
MR-fluid brake design and its application to a portable muscular device (2009)

Many devices are available on the market for the evaluation and rehabilitation of patients suffering from muscular disorders. Most of them are small, low-cost, passive devices based on the use of springs and resistive elements and exhibit very limited (or even not any) evaluation capabilities; extended muscular force evaluation is only possible on stationary, expensive, multi-purpose devices, available only in hospitals, which offer many exercise modes (e.g. isokinetic mode) that are not available on other devices.<p><p>The objective of this thesis is to make the functionalities currently only implemented on bulky multi-purpose devices available at a lower cost and in a portable fashion, enabling their use by a large number of independent practitioners and patients, even at home (tele-medecine applications).<p><p>In order to achieve this goal, a portable rehabilitation device, using a magneto-rheological fluid brake as actuator, has been designed. This particular technology was selected for its high level of compactness, simple mechanical design, high controllability, smooth and safe operation. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the design of MR-fluid brakes and their experimental validation. The second part is dedicated to the design of the rehabilitation device and the comparison of its performances with a commercial multi-purpose device (CYBEX).
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein: ultrastructural immunoperoxidase localization in rat kidney. (1979)

Tamm-Horsfall urinary glycoprotein (TH) is the primary constituent of urinary casts. The intracellular distribution of TH in normal rat kidney was determined by immunoelectron microscopy using horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies and compared with morphologic localization of TH by immunofluorescence and light immunoperoxidase microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed an intracellular localization of TH restricted to the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (ALH). In this nephron segment, TH was distributed on and between adjacent intercellular membranes and infolding intracellular membranes at the base of these cells, within Golgi vacuoles, apical vesicles, and on the luminal membranes. Macula densa cells were negative, although typical ALH cells across the lumen of the same tubular segment were positive. Other renal segments were negative for intracellular TH. The unique distribution of TH is consistent with the known function of the ALH as the diluting segment of the nephron. We speculate that the aggregation and gel formation of TH on and between ALH surface membranes may restrict water movement across the ALH. This influence on permeability would be an important role for TH in the generation of concentration gradients for the countercurrent multiplier system of the kidney.
Adaptive parameter identification and State-of-Charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries (2012)

Estimation of the State of Charge (SOC) is a fundamental need for the battery, which is the most important energy storage in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the Smart Grid. Regarding those applications, the SOC estimation algorithm is expected to be accurate and easy to implement. In this paper, after considering a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit-equivalent model for the battery, the nonlinear relationship between the Open Circuit Voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> ) and the SOC is described in a lookup table obtained from experimental tests. Assuming piecewise linearity for the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> -SOC curve in small time steps, a parameter identification technique is applied to the real current and voltage data to estimate and update the parameters of the battery at each step. Subsequently, a reduced-order linear observer is designed for this continuously updating model to estimate the SOC as one of the states of the battery system. In designing the observer, a mixture of Coulomb counting and VOC algorithm is combined with the adaptive parameter-updating approach and increases the accuracy to less than 5% error. This paper also investigates the correlation between the SOC estimation error and the observability criterion for the battery model, which is directly related to the slope of the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> - SOC curve.
New Intervention Program for Preventing Falls Among Frail Elderly People (2004)

Gait training with unexpected perturbation seems to have a beneficial impact on physical function in disabled elderly individuals. The results suggest that this program may be used as an exercise intervention to reduce falls in institutional settings.
Considerations for optimization of microRNA PCR assays for molecular diagnosis (2016)

The remarkable stability of microRNAs in biofluids underlies their potential as biomarkers, but their small size presents challenges for detection by RT-qPCR. The heterogeneity of microRNAs, with each one comprising a series of variants or 'isomiRs', adds additional complexity. Presented here are the key considerations for use of RT-qPCR to measure microRNAs and their isomiRs, with a focus on plasma. Modified nucleotides can be incorporated into primer sequences to enhance affinity and provide increased specificity and sensitivity for RT-qPCR assays. Approaches based upon polyA tailing and use of a common oligo(dT)-based reverse transcription oligonucleotide will detect most isomiRs. Conversely, stem-loop RT oligonucleotides and sequence specific probes can enable detection of specific isomiRs of interest. Next generation sequencing of all the products of a microRNA RT-PCR reaction is a promising new approach for both microRNA quantification and characterization.
A Cassie-Like Law Using Triple Phase Boundary Line Fractions for Faceted Droplets on Chemically Heterogeneous Surfaces (2009)

We present experimental contact angle data for surfaces, which were surface-engineered with a hydrophobic micropattern of hexagonal geometry. The chemically heterogeneous surface of the same hexagonal pattern of defects resulted in faceted droplets of hexagonal shape. When measuring the advancing contact angles with a viewing position aligned parallel to rows of defects, we found that an area averaged Cassie-law failed in describing the data. By replacing the area fractions by line fractions of the triple phase boundary line segments in the Cassie equation, we found excellent agreement with data.
Weighted round-robin cell multiplexing in a general-purpose ATM switch chip (1991)

The authors present the architecture of a general-purpose broadband-ISDN (B-ISDN) switch chip and, in particular, its novel feature: the weighted round-robin cell (packet) multiplexing algorithm and its implementation in hardware. The flow control and buffer management strategies that allow the chip to operate at top performance under congestion are given, and the reason why this multiplexing scheme should be used under those circumstances is explained. The chip architecture and how the key choices were made are discussed. The statistical performance of the switch is analyzed. The critical parts of the chip have been laid out and simulated, thus proving the feasibility of the architecture. Chip sizes of four to ten links with link throughput of 0.5 to 1 Gb/s and with about 1000 virtual circuits per switch have been realized. The results of simulations of the chip are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cross‐reactivity with myelin basic protein and human herpesvirus‐6 in multiple sclerosis (2003)

Viral infections are though to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) potentially through molecular mimicry. An identical sequence was found in both myelin basic protein (MBP, residues 96-102), a candidate autoantigen for MS, and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6 U24, residues 4-10) that is a suspected viral agent associated with MS. In this study, we showed that greater than 50% of T cells recognizing MBP(93-105) cross-reacted with and could be activated by a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 1 to 13 of HHV-6 U24 in MS patients. The estimated precursor frequency of these cross-reactive T cells recognizing both peptides, MBP(93-105) and HHV-6 (U24)(1-13), was significantly elevated in MS patients compared with that in healthy controls. These cross-reactive CD4+ T cells represented the same Th1 phenotype as that of monospecific T cells recognizing MBP(93-105). There were increased antibody titers for both peptide HHV-6 (U24)(1-13) and peptide MBP(93-105) in the same patients with MS compared with those in healthy controls, suggesting B-cell sensitization to the antigens in MS patients. The study provides important evidence in the understanding of the potential role of HHV-6 infection/reactivation in the activation of autoimmune reactivity to MBP and its implication in the pathogenesis of MS.
The synthesis of thebaine‐1‐<sup>3</sup>H (1989)

Abstract A synthesis of thebaine is described where the C‐1 position is labelled with tritium to specific activity of 16 Ci/mmole. From codeine ( 2 ), 1‐iodocodeine ( 3 ) was prepared and converted to 1‐iodothebaine ( 7 ) in 3 steps. The subsequent key reaction was the selective hydrogenolysis of the carbon‐iodine bond in 7 in the presence of the dienic‐enol ether system. Using 10% Pd/C as catalyst, the desired reaction occurs in about 80% yield.
Immune checkpoints and their inhibition in cancer and infectious diseases (2017)

The development of chronic infections and cancer is facilitated by a variety of immune subversion mechanisms, such as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules, including CTLA-4 and PD-1. CTLA-4, expressed on T cells, interacts with CD80/CD86, thereby limiting T-cell activation and leading to anergy. PD-1 is predominantly expressed on T cells and its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and tumors sends a negative signal to T cells, which can lead to T-cell exhaustion. Given their role in suppressing effector T-cell responses, immune checkpoints are being targeted for the treatment of cancer. Indeed, antibodies binding to CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1 have shown remarkable efficacy, especially in combination therapies, for a number of cancers and have been licensed for the treatment of melanoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and renal and bladder cancers. Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to enhance ex vivo effector T-cell responses from patients with chronic viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection, including HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria. Although the data from clinical trials in infectious diseases are still sparse, these inhibitors have great potential for treating chronic infections, especially when combined with therapeutic vaccines.
Effect of receiving a heart transplant: analysis of a national cohort entered on to a waiting list, stratified by heart failure severity Commentary: Time for a controlled trial? (2000)

Cardiac transplantation in Germany is currently associated with a survival benefit only in patients with a predicted high risk of dying on the waiting list. Patients with a predicted low or medium risk have no reduction in mortality risk associated with transplantation; they should be managed with organ saving approaches rather than transplantation.
Cell cycle progression requires the CDC-48 <sup>UFD−1/NPL−4</sup> complex for efficient DNA replication (2008)

Since cdc48 mutants were isolated by the first genetic screens for cell division cycle (cdc) mutants in yeast, the requirement of the chaperone-like ATPase Cdc48/p97 during cell division has remained unclear. Here, we discover an unanticipated function for Caenorhabditis elegans CDC-48 in DNA replication linked to cell cycle control. Our analysis of the CDC-48(UFD-1/NPL-4) complex identified a general role in S phase progression of mitotic cells essential for embryonic cell division and germline development of adult worms. These developmental defects result from activation of the DNA replication checkpoint caused by replication stress. Similar to loss of replication licensing factors, DNA content is strongly reduced in worms depleted for CDC-48, UFD-1, and NPL-4. In addition, these worms show decreased DNA synthesis and hypersensitivity toward replication blocking agents. Our findings identified a role for CDC-48(UFD-1/NPL-4) in DNA replication, which is important for cell cycle progression and genome stability.
NADPH: ferredoxin oxidoreductase acts as a paraquatdiaphorase and is a member of the soxRS regulon. (1994)

Soluble extracts of Escherichia coli contain four NADPH:paraquat diaphorases that were separable by anion-exchange HPLC over Mono Q. One of these was induced when the cells were exposed to paraquat. This was the case in a soxRS-competent strain but not in a soxRS-null strain, while a soxRS-constitutive strain overexpressed this diaphorase without the stimulus of exposure to paraquat. This NADPH:paraquat diaphorase could use cytochrome c or nitroblue tetrazolium as an electron acceptor, whereas O2 was a relatively poor acceptor. This diaphorase was identified as the NADPH:ferredoxin reductase. A role for reduced ferredoxin and flavodoxin in the adaptive soxRS response to oxidative stress and in the regulation of the redox status of soxR is discussed.
Serum Concentrations of 17β-Estradiol and Estrone After Multiple-Dose Administration of Percutaneous Estradiol Gel in Symptomatic Menopausal Women (2001)

In two multicenter phase III efficacy studies, blood samples were obtained to evaluate the serum concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and unconjugated estrone (E1) after administration of a percutaneous gel or transdermal patch containing estradiol. In postmenopausal women, normal laboratory E2 and E1 serum concentrations range from 10-30 pg/mL and 20-40 pg/mL, respectively. Study subjects were healthy postmenopausal women with moderate to severe hot flushes occurring at least seven times daily or 60 times per week. Study 1 was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of percutaneous E2 gel 1.25 or 2.5 g (0.75 and 1.5 mg E2, respectively) versus placebo gel. Study 2 was a double-blind (blinded to E2 gel dose), randomized, active-controlled, multicenter, 12-week phase 3 study of E2 gel 0.625, 1.25, or 2.5 g (0.375, 0.75, or 1.5 mg E2, respectively) versus a transdermal E2 patch delivering 0.05 mg E2 per day. Serum E2 and E1 concentrations were evaluated at baseline and at week 12 for study 1 and at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12 for study 2 using radioimmunoassay. Median serum concentrations of E2 after 1.25- and 2.5-g gel administration appeared to be dose-proportional throughout both studies. In study 1, the median serum concentrations of E2 at week 12 were 33.5 and 65.0 pg/mL for 1.25- and 2.5-g gel dose, respectively. The corresponding E1 values were 49.0 and 58.0 pg/mL. In study 2, both E2 and E1 concentrations were relatively stable at weeks 4, 8, and 12. E2 values at week 12 for 0.625-, 1.25-, and 2.5-g gel doses and E2 patch were 25.0, 32.0, 60.0, and 38.5 pg/mL, respectively. The corresponding E1 values were 39.0, 41.0, 62.5, and 40.0 pg/mL. Application of the 1.25-g gel dose and a transdermal patch delivering 50 microg per day of E2 resulted in comparable median E2 and E1 concentrations. However, the 0.625-g gel dose did not produce E2 levels in a range expected to be consistently therapeutic in most postmenopausal women.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐1‐tat induces matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in monocytes through protein tyrosine phosphatase‐mediated activation of nuclear transcription factor NF‐κB (1999)

We have previously shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1‐tat induces the production of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in human monocytes by a mechanism that is not understood. In the present report, we demonstrate that HIV‐tat‐induced expression of MMP‐9 is blocked by inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). PTPase inhibitors also blocked HIV‐tat‐induced nuclear transcription factor NF‐κB activation and IκBα degradation required for MMP‐9 induction. These results suggest that HIV‐tat induces MMP‐9 in human monocytes through activation of PTPase and NF‐κB.
Automation structure of a semiconductor fab using factory communications (2002)

The paper introduces the FAB 30 automation structure of a semiconductor fabrication (fab) using factory communications. The Fab 30 project consists of the Fab 30 wafer fabrication facility and the design center from the AMD Saxony Manufacturing GmbH. The paper briefly introduces the work. A sketch of a semiconductor manufacturing execution system (MES) is given and the principal functional strategy of a MES is shown. An automated material handling system (AMHS) is introduced, and finally, the design of the FAB 30 is briefly shown.