gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The structure of a β-(1→3)-<scp>d</scp>-glucan from yeast cell walls (1973)

Yeast glucan as normally prepared by various treatments of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell walls to remove mannan and glycogen is still heterogeneous. The major component (about 85%) is a branched beta-(1-->3)-glucan of high molecular weight (about 240000) containing 3% of beta-(1-->6)-glucosidic interchain linkages. The minor component is a branched beta-(1-->6)-glucan. A comparison of our results with those of other workers suggests that different glucan preparations may differ in the degree of heterogeneity and that the major beta-(1-->3)-glucan component may vary considerably in degree of branching.
Synthesis employing oxidative insertion of palladium atoms into aryl, alkyl, and acyl carbon-halogen bonds. Properties of and phosphine trapping of the nonligand stabilizer RPdX and PCOPdX intermediates (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis employing oxidative insertion of palladium atoms into aryl, alkyl, and acyl carbon-halogen bonds. Properties of and phosphine trapping of the nonligand stabilizer RPdX and PCOPdX intermediatesKenneth J. Klabunde and James Y. F. LowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 25, 7674–7680Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00832a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00832a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
45.3: Tetra‐Substituted Pyrenes: New Class of Blue Emitter for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2003)

Abstract We have developed a new class of highly‐fluorescent blue emitter for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) consisting of tetra‐substituted pyrenes. From the analysis of the excited state diagrams of pyrene and its derivatives by molecular orbital calculations, we found that the new tetra‐substituted pyrenes are highly fluorescent. OLEDs fabricated using the synthesized tetra‐substituted pyrenes as emitters showed high efficiency and good color purity.
Synthesis Of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles By Pulsed Plasma In Liquid Method (2013)

Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS) were successfully synthesized by the pulsed plasma in liquid method, using two copper rod electrodes submerged in molten sulfur. Low electrical energy and no high temperature were applied for synthesis. Obtained CuS nanoparticles were then analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, Low and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Electron Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron, Raman Spectroscopies and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. XRD analysis revealed peaks for CuS with hexagonal phase composition. TEM and HRTEM studies showed that sizes of CuS nanoparticles ranged between 10-60 nm, with the average size of about 20 nm. Copper sulfide nanoparticles have short nanorod-like structure. Raman spectroscopy found peak for CuS at 474.2cm-1of Raman region.
Cervical Spine Fractures with Major Associated Trauma (1986)

A detailed review of 88 consecutive patients placed in skeletal tong traction for cervical fractures by the University of Louisville Neurosurgical Service during a 5-year period from July 1, 1979, through June 30, 1984, was carried out. Of this group, 60% of the patients had a major associated injury consisting of major facial and skull fractures, cerebral contusions or intracerebral blood clots, cardiac or pulmonary contusions, major thoracic injuries including rib fractures and hemo- or pneumothoraces, intra-abdominal injuries, and major extremity fractures. An additional 24% of the patients had minor associated injuries, including facial or scalp lacerations, general body lacerations, or abrasions and cerebral concussions. Only 16% of patients with cervical fractures had no evidence of any other associated injury. Acute cervical spine fractures require prompt assessment and resuscitation by personnel from multiple specialties, usually available only in major trauma centers where experienced personnel capable of handling diverse injuries are always present.
Development of growth selection systems to isolate a-type or α-type of yeast cells spontaneously emerging from MATa/α diploids (2013)

This process does not require exposure to mutagens such as UV irradiation, thereby avoiding the accumulation of undesirable mutations that would detract from the valuable traits that are under study. All the genetic modifications in the current study were introduced into yeast cells using plasmids, meaning that these traits can be removed without altering the genome sequence. This approach provides a reliable and versatile tool for scientific research and industrial yeast crossbreeding.
Targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma (2014)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Despite the significant advances in treatment, MM is still a fatal malignancy. This is mainly due to the supportive role of the BM microenvironment in differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and drug resistance of the malignant plasma cells. The BM microenvironment is composed of a cellular compartment (stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells) and a non-cellular compartment. In this review, we discuss the interaction between the malignant plasma cell and the BM microenvironment and the strategy to target them.
Visual Passwords Using Automatic Lip Reading (2014)

This paper presents a visual passwords system to increase security. The system depends mainly on recognizing the speaker using the visual speech signal alone. The proposed scheme works in two stages: setting the visual password stage and the verification stage. At the setting stage the visual passwords system request the user to utter a selected password, a video recording of the user face is captured, and processed by a special words-based VSR system which extracts a sequence of feature vectors. In the verification stage, the same procedure is executed, the features will be sent to be compared with the stored visual password. The proposed scheme has been evaluated using a video database of 20 different speakers (10 females and 10 males), and 15 more males in another video database with different experiment sets. The evaluation has proved the system feasibility, with average error rate in the range of 7.63 % to 20.51 % at the worst tested scenario, and therefore, has potential to be a practical approach with the support of other conventional authentication methods such as the use of usernames and passwords.
Coherent kaleidoscope II Experimental observations of sibling-spot formation in hollow and solid, square and rectangular waveguides (1994)

Experimental observations of the output field of the coherent kaleidoscope, a strongly overmoded rectangular optical waveguide, are presented. The detailed study, over a wide range of guide and input beam conditions, shows that the numerical results presented previously, which predicted highly ordered arrays of bright spots for certain conditions, are well confirmed in reality. While most experiments were done with longer-wavelength infrared radiation, a possible application to an optical-fiber coupler has been examined with visible light.
Fault tolerant consensus protocol for distributed database transactions (2017)

Defining a protocol for commit consensus problem in distributed database transactions is not an easy task because we have to think about a fault tolerant system. In this paper, I present a fault tolerant and simple mechanism designed for solving commit consensus problem, based on replicated validation of messages sent between transaction participants.
MAVS, cGAS, and endogenous retroviruses in T-independent B cell responses (2014)

Multivalent molecules with repetitive structures including bacterial capsular polysaccharides and viral capsids elicit antibody responses through B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking in the absence of T cell help. We report that immunization with these T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens causes up-regulation of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) RNAs in antigen-specific mouse B cells. These RNAs are detected via a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-dependent RNA sensing pathway or reverse-transcribed and detected via the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway, triggering a second, sustained wave of signaling that promotes specific immunoglobulin M production. Deficiency of both MAVS and cGAS, or treatment of MAVS-deficient mice with reverse transcriptase inhibitors, dramatically inhibits TI-2 antibody responses. These findings suggest that ERV and two innate sensing pathways that detect them are integral components of the TI-2 B cell signaling apparatus.
<title>Multiple description coding via polyphase transform and selective quantization</title> (1998)

In this paper, we present an efficient Multiple Description Coding (MDC) technique to achieve robust communication over unreliable channels such as a lossy packet network. We first model such unreliable channels as erasure channels and then we present a MDC system using polyphase transform and selective quantization to recover channel erasures. Different from previous MDC work, our system explicitly separates description generation and redundancy addition which greatly reduces the implementation complexity specially for systems with more than two descriptions. Our system also realizes a Balanced Multiple Description Coding (BMDC) framework which can generate descriptions of statistically equal rate and importance. This property is well matched to communication systems with no priority mechanisms for data delivery, such as today's Internet. We then study, for a given total coding rate, the problem of optimal bit allocation between source coding and redundancy coding to achieve the minimum average distortion for different channel failure rates. With high resolution quantization assumption, we give optimal redundancy bit rate allocations for both scalar i.i.d sources and vector i.i.d sources for independent channel failures. To evaluate the performance of our system, we provide an image coding application with two descriptions and our simulation results are better than the best MDC image coding results reported to date. We also provide image coding examples with 16 descriptions to illustrate the simplicity and effectiveness of our proposed MDC system.
Immune Responses to the Cancer Testis Antigen XAGE-1b in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Caucasian Patients (2016)

Immunotherapy approaches using checkpoint blockade, alone, or in combination with tumor antigen vaccination, or adoptive cell transfer, are emerging as promising approaches for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In preparation for upcoming combined immunotherapy approaches in NSCLC, here, we have assessed spontaneous immune responses to XAGE-1b, a tumor specific antigen of the Cancer Testis Antigen group that has been previously reported to be spontaneously immunogenic in the Japanese population, in a cohort of Caucasian patients with NSCLC. We found spontaneous serological responses to XAGE-1b in 9% of the patients. Importantly, these responses were limited to, and represented 13% of, patients with adenocarcinoma tumors, the most frequent histological subtype, for which immunotherapy approaches are under development. Using a set of overlapping peptides spanning the entire XAGE-1b protein, and in support of the serological data, we detected significant XAGE-1b specific CD4+ T cell responses in all XAGE-1b seropositive patients and identified several CD4+ T cell epitopes. Altogether, our results support the relevance of the XAGE-1b antigen in Caucasians NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma, and the implementation of future immunotherapies exploiting the high immunogenicity of the antigen in this patient population.
Solid‐phase extraction‐fractionation of alfalfa saponins (1988)

Abstract A simple method was developed to isolate alfalfa saponins and fractionate them into medicagenic acid, hederagenine and soyasapogenol glycosides. This method is based on the selective extraction of saponins from a C 18 solidphase column with methanol‐water solutions. Selectivity of the C 18 sorbent to retain saponins strongly depended on the pH of the loaded sample. This characteristic was the basis of a new method of column chromatography for isolation of individual saponins.
Use of pH 9.5 Tris-HCI Buffer Containing 5% Urea for Antigen Retrieval Immunohistochemistry (1996)

Successful antigen retrieval (AR) immunohistochemistry is dependent on the temperature, heating time, and pH value of the AR solutions. There is no single standardized AR solution, however, that is suitable for all antibodies "routinely" used in surgical pathology for immunostaining archival tissue sections. We tested a variety of AR solutions varying in pH value, chemical composition, and molarity. Based upon preliminary results, we compared three AR solutions: 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 9.5, containing 5% urea, 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer pH 9.5 without urea, and citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Each AR solution was tested with a panel of 34 antibodies using microwave heating for antigen retrieval. The heating conditions were standardized at 10 min and an automated stainer was used to standardize the immunostaining method. The Tris-HCl containing urea was superior to pH 6.0 citrate buffer for 22 antibodies. In 12 cases, Tris-HCl with urea was also superior to Tris-HCl alone. In 12 cases, the intensity was similar for all three retrieval solutions. The staining obtained with Tris-HCl with urea was equal to or better than with pH 6.0 citrate buffer in all cases. The Tris-HCl with urea solution is satisfactory for AR of most antibodies employed in routine surgical pathology.
Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity of sheep endothelial cells by retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer (1991)

In an attempt to enhance the fibrinolytic activity of endothelial cells (EC), a retroviral vector containing the human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) cDNA was constructed. Sheep EC were stably transduced with the vector, resulting in a 30-fold increase in t-PA activity over that detected in EC transduced with a control vector. Southern and Northern analyses confirmed the presence of both the vector sequence and the appropriate mRNA transcripts. Secretion of high levels of recombinant human t-PA continued in vitro for the duration of the experiments, up to 11 weeks after transduction, although the rate of t-PA secretion decreased in some of the EC lines. Zymographic analysis of conditioned medium from t-PA-transduced EC showed the presence of two new molecular species with plasminogen activator activity that could be specifically immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antihuman t-PA antibody. The relative molecular masses of these species (60 to 80 and 110 Kd) suggest that they represent recombinant human t-PA both free and bound to sheep plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Consistent with this interpretation, the 110-Kd species could be specifically immunoprecipitated with antiserum to PAI-1. These studies demonstrate that retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer may be used to increase total EC fibrinolytic activity.
Space-vector-based hybrid pulse width modulation technique to reduce line current distortion in induction motor drives (2012)

Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques involving different switching sequences are used in space vector-based PWM generation for reducing line current ripple in induction motor drives. This study proposes a hybrid PWM technique employing five switching sequences. The proposed technique is a combination of continuous PWM, discontinuous PWM (DPWM) and advanced bus clamping PWM methods. Performance of the proposed PWM technique is evaluated and compared with those of the existing techniques on a constant volts per hertz induction motor drive. In terms of total harmonic distortion in the line current, the proposed method is shown to be superior to both conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM) and DPWM over a fundamental frequency range of 32–50 Hz at a given average switching frequency. The reduction in harmonic distortion is about 42% over CSVPWM at the rated speed of the drive.
Formation and Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Water:  The Carbon Acid p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>of Imidazolium Cations in Aqueous Solution (2004)

We report second-order rate constants kDO (M-1 s-1) for exchange for deuterium of the C(2)-proton of a series of simple imidazolium cations to give the corresponding singlet imidazol-2-yl carbenes in D2O at 25 degrees C and I = 1.0 (KCl). Evidence is presented that the reverse protonation of imidazol-2-yl carbenes by solvent water is limited by solvent reorganization and occurs with a rate constant of kHOH = kreorg = 10(11) s-1. The data were used to calculate reliable carbon acid pK(a)s for ionization of imidazolium cations at C(2) to give the corresponding singlet imidazol-2-yl carbenes in water: pKa = 23.8 for the imidazolium cation, pKa = 23.0 for the 1,3-dimethylimidazolium cation, pKa = 21.6 for the 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium cation, and pKa = 21.2 for the 1,3-bis-((S)-1-phenylethyl)benzimidazolium cation. The data also provide the thermodynamic driving force for a 1,2-hydrogen shift at a singlet carbene: K12 = 5 x 10(16) for rearrangement of the parent imidazol-2-yl carbene to give neutral imidazole in water at 298 K, which corresponds to a favorable Gibbs free energy change of 23 kcal/mol. We present a simple rationale for the observed substituent effects on the thermodynamic stability of N-heterocyclic carbenes relative to a variety of neutral and cationic derivatives that emphasizes the importance of the choice of reference reaction when assessing the stability of N-heterocyclic carbenes.
Application of Noncanonical Amino Acids for Protein Labeling in a Genomically Recoded <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2016)

Small synthetic fluorophores are in many ways superior to fluorescent proteins as labels for imaging. A major challenge is to use them for a protein-specific labeling in living cells. Here, we report on our use of noncanonical amino acids that are genetically encoded via the pyrrolysyl-tRNA/pyrrolysyl-RNA synthetase pair at artificially introduced TAG codons in a recoded E. coli strain. The strain is lacking endogenous TAG codons and the TAG-specific release factor RF1. The amino acids contain bioorthogonal groups that can be clicked to externally supplied dyes, thus enabling protein-specific labeling in live cells. We find that the noncanonical amino acid incorporation into the target protein is robust for diverse amino acids and that the usefulness of the recoded E. coli strain mainly derives from the absence of release factor RF1. However, the membrane permeable dyes display high nonspecific binding in intracellular environment and the electroporation of hydrophilic nonmembrane permeable dyes severely impairs growth of the recoded strain. In contrast, proteins exposed on the outer membrane of E. coli can be labeled with hydrophilic dyes with a high specificity as demonstrated by labeling of the osmoporin OmpC. Here, labeling can be made sufficiently specific to enable single molecule studies as exemplified by OmpC single particle tracking.
HotpathVM (2006)

We present a just-in-time compiler for a Java VM that is small enough to fit on resource-constrained devices, yet is surprisingly effective. Our system dynamically identifies traces of frequently executed bytecode instructions (which may span several basic blocks across several methods) and compiles them via Static Single Assignment (SSA) construction. Our novel use of SSA form in this context allows to hoist instructions across trace side-exits without necessitating expensive compensation code in off-trace paths. The overall memory consumption (code and data) of our system is only 150 kBytes, yet benchmarks show a speedup that in some cases rivals heavy-weight just-in-time compilers.
Fast adaptive least squares algorithms for power spectral estimation (1987)

Power spectrum estimation is of great importance in various applications of signal processing, such as geophysics and communications. In this paper two new fast algorithms are presented that adaptively compute a least squares estimate of the power spectrum of a time series. This is achieved by modeling the input as an AR signal of order m and simultaneous minimization of the sum of the forward and backward prediction error energies. The first algorithm is of the 0 (m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) type, and the second of 0(m) requiring 9m multiplications and additions.
A New Technique to Solve Gas Hydrate Problems in Subsea Christmas Trees (2004)

Summary The paper is aimed at describing the series of actions taken to re-enter a well, the (wet) Christmas-tree cap of which was clogged by solid hydrate and therefore could not be released by means of a regular releasing tool. A deepwater well located in Campos Basin, offshore Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was the location for this unique job. To our best understanding, the kind of approach used to solve this hydrate problem had never been used in the industry before. A patented thermochemical method—the so-called self-generated nitrogen (SGN) method—was applied to heat and dissociate the crystallized hydrate, which was clogging the piston chamber of the tree-cap locking pin. Heat application around the body of the Christmas tree enabled us to dissociate the hydrate and release the tree cap by means of its regular retrieving tool. This paper describes all the steps taken to perform this pioneer workover job. As a matter of fact, it was a multidisciplinary task that encompassed the following points: - Development of a "tailor-made" environmentally friendly SGN formulation. - Heat exchange simulations to design the optimum volume for the SGN treatment batch. - A review of the theoretical aspects of hydrate formation/dissociation. - Mechanical modifications of the (regular) tree cap releasing tool. - A meticulous review of the job and safety procedures.