gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Bends of Circular Cross Section: I—Heat Transfer Experiments (1986)

Experiments were performed to determine the local heat transfer characteristics of bends of circular cross section to which fluid was delivered either via a sharp-edged inlet or via a hydrodynamic development tube. The naphthalene sublimation technique, a mass transfer method, was used to facilitate the experiments. Bends subtending turning angles of 30, 60, and 90 deg were investigated, and the Reynolds number was varied between 5000 and 100,000. It was found that the local heat transfer coefficients at the outside of the bend were, for the most part, larger than those at the inside of the bend, but the deviations decreased as the Reynolds number increased. The streamwise distributions of the local transfer coefficient were markedly affected by the inlet condition; those for the sharp-edged inlet exhibited a universal shape, while the shapes of those for the tube-fed inlet depended both on the Reynolds number and on whether the distribution corresponded to the inside or the outside of the bend. In addition, the distributions for the case of the sharp-edged inlet exhibited higher local maxima and approached the fully developed regime more rapidly than did those for the tube-fed inlet. The heat transfer results were supplemented by flow visualization.
Selective stimulation of translational expression by Alu RNA (2002)

Human Alu and adenovirus VA1 RNAs each stimulate the translational expression of reporter genes in co-transient transfection assays without affecting either the rate of global protein synthesis or the abundance of the reporter mRNA. This selective, post-transcriptional stimulation of expression, which is observed in human and mouse cell lines and for three reporters, acts through a PKR- independent mechanism. The activity of Alu and VA1 RNAs in this assay is transient, causing a reduction in the lag time for the translational expression of the newly synthesized reporter mRNAs. The reduction in this lag time accounts for the relative selectivity of the effect upon the expression of the reporter and suggests novel roles for Alu and VA1 RNA in cell stress recovery and viral infection. Deletion analysis demonstrates that a specific region residing within the right monomer of the dimeric Alu consensus sequence is necessary for activity. Highly abundant left Alu monomer transcripts are inactive but the right Alu monomer is fully active, although its transcripts are scarce. Mouse B1 and B2 SINE RNAs stimulate reporter gene expression in mouse cells, suggesting that this activity is a general property of eucaryotic SINEs.
Speeding up matrix computation kernels by sharing vector coprocessor among multiple cores on chip (2012)

Today’s computer systems develop towards less energy consumption while keeping high performance. These are contradictory requirement and pose a great challenge. A good example of an application were this is used is the smartphone. The constraints are on long battery time while getting high performance required by future 2D/3D applications. A solution to this is heterogeneous systems that have components that are specialized in different tasks and can execute them fast with low energy consumption. These could be specialized i.e. encoding/decoding, encryption/decryption, image processing or communication. At the apartment of Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing Laboratory (CAPPL) at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) a vector co-processor has been developed. The Vector co-processor has the unusual feature of being able to receive instructions from multiple hosts (scalar cores). In addition to this a test system with a couple of scalar processors using the vector processor has been developed. This thesis describes this processor and its test system. It also shows the development of math applications involving matrix operations. This results in the conclusions of the vector co-processing saving substantial amount of energy while speeding up the execution of the applications. In addition to this the thesis will describe an extension of the vector co-processor design that makes it possible to monitor the throughput of instructions and data in the processor.
Human Thrombi Contain an Abundance of Active Thrombin (2001)

This study assessed the abundance and activity of thrombin in human thrombi. removed at autopsy or during surgery. Arterial and venous thrombus sections showed thrombin activity by in situ zymography, based on conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Hirudin or antibodies to thrombin abolished the activity. Thrombin activity in extracts of 40 thrombi was quantified by cleavage of fibrinogen or small peptide substrates: the results correlated well (r = 0.87, p<0.0001) with a median activity of about 4.5 IU/g of thrombus (wet weight). Activity correlated poorly with total prothrombin (median 27 microg/g) and was inversely related to antithrombin, but not to PAI-1. Zymography showed two major active bands, thrombin at 37 kDa, and a 50 kDa form that probably corresponds to meizothrombin desF1. The abundant local thrombin demonstrated here has implications for thrombus lysis and extension: incomplete lysis and exposure of active thrombin may lead to re-occlusion of vessels.
Innovations in Coating Technology (2008)

Despite representing one of the oldest pharmaceutical techniques, coating of dosage forms is still frequently used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The aims of coating range from simply masking the taste or odour of drugs to the sophisticated controlling of site and rate of drug release. The high expectations for different coating technologies have required great efforts regarding the development of reproducible and controllable production processes. Basically, improvements in coating methods have focused on particle movement, spraying systems, and air and energy transport. Thereby, homogeneous distribution of coating material and increased drying efficiency should be accomplished in order to achieve high end product quality. Moreover, given the claim of the FDA to design the end product quality already during the manufacturing process (Quality by Design), the development of analytical methods for the analysis, management and control of coating processes has attracted special attention during recent years. The present review focuses on recent patents claiming improvements in pharmaceutical coating technology and intends to first familiarize the reader with the available procedures and to subsequently explain the application of different analytical tools. Aiming to structure this comprehensive field, coating technologies are primarily divided into pan and fluidized bed coating methods. Regarding pan coating procedures, pans rotating around inclined, horizontal and vertical axes are reviewed separately. On the other hand, fluidized bed technologies are subdivided into those involving fluidized and spouted beds. Then, continuous processing techniques and improvements in spraying systems are discussed in dedicated chapters. Finally, currently used analytical methods for the understanding and management of coating processes are reviewed in detail in the last section of the review.
Rheology of the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle: Evidence from Rock Mechanics, Geodesy, and Field Observations (2008)

Rock-mechanics experiments, geodetic observations of postloading strain transients, and micro- and macrostructural studies of exhumed ductile shear zones provide complementary views of the style and rheology of deformation deep in Earth's crust and upper mantle. Overall, results obtained in small-scale laboratory experiments provide robust constraints on deformation mechanisms and viscosities at the natural laboratory conditions. Geodetic inferences of the viscous strength of the upper mantle are consistent with flow of mantle rocks at temperatures and water contents determined from surface heat-flow, seismic, and mantle xenolith studies. Laboratory results show that deformation mechanisms and rheology strongly vary as a function of stress, grain size, and fluids. Field studies reveal a strong tendency for deformation in the lower crust and uppermost mantle in and adjacent to fault zones to localize into systems of discrete shear zones with strongly reduced grain size and strength. Deformation mechanisms and rheology may vary over short spatial (shear zone) and temporal (earthquake cycle) scales.
Stereoselective synthesis of solanesol and all-trans-decaprenol (1981)

Allylic p-tolyl sulphones (5), (14), and (16) couple with allylic bromide (7) and geranyl bromide to produce regio- and stereo-chemically pure 1,5-diene systems. The coupling of all-trans-ω-bromogeranyl acetate (7) with geranyl p-tolyl sulphone (5) and higher isoprenologues (21), (24), and (27), followed by reductive elimination of p-tolysulphonyl group, furnishes a stereoselective synthesis of all-trans-polyprenols (3), (23),(26), and decaprenol (1b). Solanesol (1a) was synthesised using trans-4-chloroprenyl acetate (29) instead of (7).
COMPUTATION OF RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER ON A NONORTHOGONAL MESH USING THE FINITE-VOLUME METHOD (1993)

Abstract The finite-volume method has been shown to effectively predict radiant exchange in geometrically simple enclosures where the medium is gray, absorbing, emitting, and scattering. Cartesian and circular cylindrical meshes have always been used. The present article shows that the method applies equally well to geometrically complex enclosures where nonorthogonal, boundary-fitted meshes are used. This development permits radiant heat transfer to be computed on the same mesh employed to solve the equations of fluid motion.
<title>Multidimensional energy operator for image processing</title> (1992)

The 1-D nonlinear differential operator (Psi) (f) equals (f')<SUP>2</SUP> - ff' has been recently introduced to signal processing and has been found very useful for estimating the parameters of sinusoids and the modulating signals of AM-FM signals. It is called an energy operator because it can track the energy of an oscillator source generating a sinusoidal signal. In this paper we introduce the multidimensional extension (Phi) (f) equals (parallel)$DELf(parallel)<SUP>2</SUP> - f$DEL<SUP>2</SUP>f of the 1-D energy operator and briefly outline some of its applications to image processing. We discuss some interesting properties of the multidimensional operator and develop demodulation algorithms to estimate the amplitude envelope and instantaneous frequencies of 2-D spatially-varying AM-FM signals, which can model image texture. The attractive features of the multidimensional operator and the related amplitude/frequency demodulation algorithms are their simplicity, efficiency, and ability to track instantaneously- varying spatial modulation patterns.
RADIOISOTOPEDETECTIONWITHTANDEMELECTROSTATIC ACCELERATORS H.E.Gove,B.R.FultonandD. Elmore (1979)

Summary TheMP tandemVan de Graaffacceleratorat the University of Rochester's NuclearStructureResearch Laboratoryt hasbeenemployedin partsinceMay 1977 as an ultrasensitive massspectrometer to directly detect14Cand 36C1fromnaturalsamplesandto generallyinvestigate manyof thetechnicaldetailsinvolved in thisnewtechnique.The sensitivitythathas beenachievedformeasuringthe 14C/Cratiois 3x10-16 and forthe 36C1/Cl ratiois 3x10-15.Boththe radioisotopesweredetectedforthe firsttimeby direct extraction methodsat Rochester.Carbonsamplesizes are 3 mg or lessand forchlorinethe compoundAgCl was employedin amountsof 70 mg or less. Boththe sensitivity andthe samplesizerepresentmanyorders ofmagnitudeimprovement overeventhemostadvanced conventional massspectrometric methods.Inthe case of 14Cthe carbonsamplesizesrequiredareat least a thousandtimeslessthanrequiredby the conventional radiocarbonmeasuringtechnique.A briefsummaryof publishedresultsandthemostrecentresultson both radioisotopes willbe describedandtheuse of the methodforotherisotopesandforotherapplications willbe discussed.
Edge detection on color images using RGB vector angles (2003)

This paper introduces a new edge detection approach for color images. The method is based on the calculation of the vector angle between two adjacent pixels. Unlike Euclidean distance in RGB space, the vector angle distinguishes differences in chromaticity, independent of luminance or intensity. It is particularly well suited to applications where differences in illumination are irrelevant. Both metrics were implemented as modified Roberts edge operators to determine their effectiveness on an artificial image. The Euclidean method found edges across both luminance and chromatic boundaries whereas the vector angle method detected only chromatic differences.
Optical Ice Detection: Test Results from the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (2010)

g/m 3 to 2.0 g/m 3 and ice water content from 0.2 g/m 3 to 0.8 g/m 3 . The median volume diameter (MVD) of particles in the distribution ranges from 12 μm to 114 μm. From the experimental data, the relationship between the observed fourth Stokes parameter and the optical extinction coefficient is measured for liqu id water and ice clouds.
Identification of plasma antibody epitopes and gene abnormalities in Japanese hemophilia A patients with factor VIII inhibitor. (2000)

Eleven Japanese hemophilia A patients with anti-factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors were studied to localize both their inhibitory antibody epitopes and their genotypes. The inhibitor epitopes were studied in nine severe hemophilia A patients by means of a scanning method using the oligopeptide panel covering the FVIII polypeptides without the B domain. The 107 15 mer-peptides were synthesized on solid-phase pins and analyzed for their reactivity with diluted patient plasma. As indicated previously, a series of peptides corresponding to the A2 and C2 domains were recognized by plasma antibodies from 2 patients and 4 patients, respectively. In contrast, all the antibodies bound to several epitopes in the A3 domain, while an epitope 1809-1821 covering the putative factor IX binding site was found in 3 patients. Southern blotting analysis showed that 8 out of 11 patients had either gene deletions or inversions of the FVIII gene, indicating a higher proportion of gross gene alterations in inhibitor-positive hemophilia A patients. However, the correlation of gene abnormality type with epitope location was not fully established.
Pitch prediction filters in speech coding (1989)

Prediction error filters which combine short-time prediction (formant prediction) with long-time prediction (pitch prediction) in a cascade connection are examined. A number of different solution methods (autocorrelation, covariance, Burg) and implementations (transversal and lattice) are considered. It is found that the F-P cascade (formant filter before the pitch filter) outperforms the P-F cascade for the both transversal- and lattice-structured predictors. The performances of the transversal and lattice forms are similar. The solution method that yields a transversal structure requires a stability test and, if necessary, a consequent stabilization. The two cascade forms are implemented as part of an APC coder to evaluate their relative subjective performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basic imaging performance characteristics of a variable field of view PET camera using quadrant sharing detector design (1999)

The basic imaging performance of the prototype PET camera (MDAPET) developed in our laboratory was measured. The MDAPET was developed to test the engineering feasibility of two design concepts: (a) the photomultiplier-quadrant-sharing detector design and (b) a lower cost variable detector ring which forms a densely-packed smaller ring for imaging breast/brain/animals, and a less-packed ring for whole-body imaging. The basic imaging performance was measured for the 32 and 55 cm FOV with tests similar to those described in the SNM/NEMA performance standard. For the 32 cm FOV, the transaxial image resolutions at 0, 5, 10 cm were found to be 2.8, 3.1, 4.0 mm, respectively, while for the 55 cm FOV, the image resolutions were 2.9, 3.1, 3.6 mm. The axial resolution ranged from 2.5 to 4.4 mm as a function of detector-ring position. For a 21.5-cm uniform phantom, the coincidence-detection sensitivity was 82.3 kcps//spl mu/Ci/cc at the smallest 32 cm field of view and 16.3 kcps//spl mu/Ci/cc for the whole body configuration. The scatter fractions were 19% and 30% for the whole-body mode and the brain/breast mode, respectively. The smaller mode has 2.4 times higher noise-equivalent-sensitivity than the larger mode at 1 /spl mu/Ci/cc. High quality, artifact-free brain-phantom images were obtained in both modes.
Static induction transistors optimized for high-voltage operation and high microwave power output (1985)

An optimized static induction transistor (SIT) design utilizing local oxidation in a self-aligned geometry is described. Devices with 10.5- and 7-µm pitch (gate-to-gate spacing), which have been optimized with respect to epitaxial layer thickness and resistivity, have attained a combination of operating frequency and breakdown voltage which is much higher than devices made with other technologies. The 10.5-µm pitch SIT's have a blocking voltage of 170 V with 6-dB gain at 225 MHz and 10-dB gain at 900 MHz. Typical multicell power devices have demonstrated 110-W output power at 225 MHz with 65-percent drain efficiency and 25 W at 900 MHz with 40-percent drain efficiency, operated at voltages in excess of 100 V de bias. The 7-µm pitch SIT's have a blocking voltage of 140 V and the same power gain performance at 225 and 900 MHz as the 10.5-µm pitch devices, but with higher effiency and a higher maximum frequency of operation. Typical multicell power devices of this type have achieve 110-W output power at 225 MHz with 70-percent drain efficiency and 25 W at 900 MHz with 55-percent drain efficiency operated at 90 V de bias.
Multi-Core Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks: Architecture and Applications (2013)

Technological advancements in the silicon industry, as predicted by Moore's law, have enabled integration of billions of transistors on a single chip. To exploit this high transistor density for high performance, embedded systems are undergoing a transition from single-core to multi-core. Although a majority of embedded wireless sensor networks (EWSNs) consist of single-core embedded sensor nodes, multi-core embedded sensor nodes are envisioned to burgeon in selected application domains that require complex in-network processing of the sensed data. In this paper, we propose an architecture for heterogeneous hierarchical multi-core embedded wireless sensor networks (MCEWSNs) as well as an architecture for multi-core embedded sensor nodes used in MCEWSNs. We elaborate several compute-intensive tasks performed by sensor networks and application domains that would especially benefit from multi-core embedded sensor nodes. This paper also investigates the feasibility of two multi-core architectural paradigms-symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) and tiled many-core architectures (TMAs)-for MCEWSNs. We compare and analyze the performance of an SMP (an Intel-based SMP) and a TMA (Tilera's TILEPro64) based on a parallelized information fusion application for various performance metrics (e.g., runtime, speedup, efficiency, cost, and performance per watt). Results reveal that TMAs exploit data locality effectively and are more suitable for MCEWSN applications that require integer manipulation of sensor data, such as information fusion, and have little or no communication between the parallelized tasks. To demonstrate the practical relevance of MCEWSNs, this paper also discusses several state-of-the-art multi-core embedded sensor node prototypes developed in academia and industry. We further discuss research challenges and future research directions for MCEWSNs.
Data integration in biological research: an overview (2015)

Data sharing, integration and annotation are essential to ensure the reproducibility of the analysis and interpretation of the experimental findings. Often these activities are perceived as a role that bioinformaticians and computer scientists have to take with no or little input from the experimental biologist. On the contrary, biological researchers, being the producers and often the end users of such data, have a big role in enabling biological data integration. The quality and usefulness of data integration depend on the existence and adoption of standards, shared formats, and mechanisms that are suitable for biological researchers to submit and annotate the data, so it can be easily searchable, conveniently linked and consequently used for further biological analysis and discovery. Here, we provide background on what is data integration from a computational science point of view, how it has been applied to biological research, which key aspects contributed to its success and future directions.
Design an Intelligent Neural-Fuzzy Controller for Hybrid Motorcycle (2007)

The main propose of this article is to design an intelligent neural-fuzzy controller for hybrid motorcycle. A self-tuning PID tracking controller based on RBF neural network with Fuzzy current limiter is proposed to maneuver the motor and save some energy in hybrid mode. The outer motor control loop is designed to track down the speed fluctuations by Neural-PID controller. Besides, one inner loop is designed to limit the armature current whenever the power demand is diminished according to a set of Fuzzy rules. The proposed structure is put into tests by Matlab programming. Simulations confirm this RBF-PID controller with Fuzzy current limiter can save 23.5% energy for a tracking task.
Hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatitis B surface antigen mutations in family contacts of hepatitis B virus infected patients with occult hepatitis B virus infection (2009)

Occult HBV infection may be common in household contacts of chronic HBV infected patients. Equal prevalence of A&D sub-genotypes was present in occult HBV subjects and in chronic HBV patients. Mutations of the S-gene are genotype specific in both occult as well as chronic HBV infection.
Electrochemical Characterization an Assembled Monolayer of <i>α</i>-Methoxy-<i>ω</i>-mercapto-poly(ethylene glycol) on Gold and Complex Formation of the Monolayer with <i>α</i>-Cyclodextrin (1996)

Abstract Assembled monolayers of α-methoxy-ω-mercapto-poly(ethylene glycol) on gold were found to provide unique microenvironments for the electrochemistry of small molecules and a heme protein and to form a two-dimensional supramolecular complex with α-CD on the metal electrode surfaces.