gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence of terminal regions of cowpox virus DNA: arrangement of repeated and unique sequence elements. (1982)

One terminal EcoRI fragment of the genome of cowpox virus (CPV) strain Brighton red has been cloned in plasmid pBR325, and the nucleotide sequence of the 2,725-base-pair Sal I fragment corresponding to that at the end of the viral genome has been determined. The fragment consists of three unique sequence regions flanking two sets of repeated sequence. The repeated sequence sets are composed of four types of subunits, the majority of which are arranged in higher-order repeat units. The subunits are themselves closely related; two are subsets of a third, whereas the fourth is a recombinant of the first two. The fragment possesses no long open reading frames (maximal coding potential, 65 amino acids). The sequence of this CPV DNA Sal I fragment is compared with that of the corresponding fragment of vaccinia virus WR DNA [Baroudy, B. M., Venkatesan, S. & Moss, B. (1982) Cell 28, 315-324; Venkatesan, S., Baroudy, B. M. & Moss, B. (1981) Cell 25, 805-813]. Two of the unique sequence regions of the two viruses are related to the extent of 96%, and the third contains at least one sequence of 112 residues that is 98% homologous. As for the repeated sequence sets, those of vaccinia virus are composed of only two, rather than four, types of subunit, one of which is identical to one of the CPV subunits, whereas the other differs from another CPV subunit by only three mismatches and one deletion. However, the arrangement of subunits in the two viruses is different, that in vaccinia virus DNA being simpler. Both subunits as well as repeat units probably arose as a result of unequal crossover.
Slip power recovery induction generators for large vertical axis wind turbines (1988)

Simulation results are presented for the performance of a slip power recovery induction generator coupled to a vertical-axis wind turbine. The suitability of this type of generator for wind-driven applications is discussed. A qualitative comparison with two other alternatives is made, highlighting the basic features of the generator configuration studied. Quantitative simulation analysis showed that it is possible to reduce the ripple in the electrical power substantially with stable operation through various changes in wind speed. Regenerative braking is possible, especially in the upper range of speed, which reduces the wear on the mechanical brakes. The design described ensures smooth motor start-up for the induction machine in the motor-mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Renal clearable inorganic nanoparticles: a new frontier of bionanotechnology (2013)

While inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable and diverse material properties open up unprecedented opportunities for novel biomedical technologies, translating these NPs into clinical practices has been severely hampered by the toxicity induced by their nonspecific accumulation in healthy tissues/organs. In the past few years, the emergence of renal clearable inorganic NPs has made it possible to address this long-term challenge. This review summarizes size, shape, surface chemistry and biodegradation considerations in the design of renal clearable inorganic NPs and their strengths over conventional non-renal clearable NPs and small-molecule contrast agents in tumor targeting. Finally, some materials chemistry challenges in the development of renal clearable inorganic NPs and their biomedical implications beyond tumor targeting are discussed.
A field trial to evaluate the efficacy of a combined rotavirus-coronavirus/Escherichia coli vaccine in dairy cattle. (1985)

A field trial was designed to determine the efficacy of a combination rotavirus-coronavirus/Escherichia coli vaccine on dairy farms in southwestern Ontario. In Part A of the trial, 321 cows on 15 farms were randomly assigned to either vaccination or placebo groups. On eight farms, 50% of the dams were vaccinated, while on the other seven farms, 80% of the dams were vaccinated. In Part B of the trial, 26 farms were randomly assigned to either a total vaccination program or to no vaccination program. Mortality, disease occurrence and weight gains were recorded on all calves for the first two weeks of life. In Part A, 23.5% of all calves were treated in the first two weeks of life, 20.9% were treated specifically for scours and 3.6% of live-born calves died. Enteropathogenic E. coli was identified on 13 of the 15 farms, rotavirus on 11 and coronavirus on ten. At least one of the three potential pathogens was found on every farm. There were no significant differences between calves from placebo-treated and vaccine-treated dams with regard to the proportion treated for all diseases, or for scours, or the proportion which died. Neither were there differences in days to first treatment for all diseases (seven days on average), days to first scour (6.7 days), duration of treatments (3.9 days for all diseases, 3.7 days for scours), or estimated weight gains (0.5 kg/day to 14 days). These results were not altered when the presence or absence of enteropathogenic E. coli, rotavirus or coronavirus on the premises was accounted for.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stability analysis of transverse modes in stripe - geometry injection lasers (1981)

We analyse the spatial stability of transverse modes in stripe-geometry injection lasers. A parameter is derived as a measure of the potential spatial instability of the modes. The analysis follows the interaction between the optical field and the charge-carrier density as described by the carrier-diffusion and wave equations. A perturbation is applied to an initial configuration of the system, a series solution for the perturbed system is obtained and an index is derived which determines the stability of the initial configuration. Numerical values for the index are obtained from self-consistent solutions of the device equations. It is shown how nonlinearities in the light/current characteristics of the device, together with near-field shifts, are related to values of the instability index in excess of unity.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Layers (S Layers): From Supramolecular Cell Structure to Biomimetics and Nanotechnology (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Taming disk and spindle rocking by damped laminated disks-an experimental study (1999)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate experimentally that increased disk damping will reduce rocking motion of a rotating disk/spindle system. In principle, rocking motion of the spindle is always coupled with one-nodal-diameter disk vibration modes. Therefore, increase of disk damping could reduce spindle rocking motion. To prove the concept, damped laminated disks were used in experiments to increase disk damping. Frequency response functions of the disk/spindle system were measured from 0 to 7200 rpm for regular disks and damped laminated disks. Experimental results show that the damped laminated disks increase the damping of the first and second pair of rocking modes by a factor of 4 and 2, respectively. The experimental results agree with previous theoretical predictions qualitatively.
Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the structural and functional development of hippocampus. (2004)

In this study it was attempted to understand the effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the structural and functional development of the hippocampus. Hippocampus has been closely associated with complex neuroendocrine control of physiological activities as well as behavioural responses including learning process and memory retention. Prenatal, preweanling and weanling deficiency of pyridoxine was induced in the experimental rats by feeding dams with diet deficient in pyridoxine during pregnancy and lactation. The general growth profile for pyridoxine deficient (PD) rats is compared with control ones. The structural changes in the hippocampus of pyridoxine deficient rats was investigated using the histological techniques. Hippocampal electrical activity was recorded from in vitro brain slice preparation. The study clearly showed the structural impairment in the hippocampus of PD rats. These anatomic anomalies might be related to poor neurointegrative development and neurophysiological deficits that occur in young one. The electrical activity recorded from hippocampal slices of PD rats showed significant variation when compared to controls. Pyridoxine deficiency is common in pregnant women who used anovulatory steroids before pregnancy. The pyridoxine deficiency of the mother may result in permanent behavioural abnormality and intellectual deficit in the progeny.
In Situ Study of Iron Catalysts for Carbon Nanotube Growth Using X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (2004)

We have investigated how an iron catalyst changes during the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes by in situ measurement of X-ray diffraction. It is found that heating the catalyst film to a growth temperature of 700°C in He atmosphere induces its oxidation beyond 100°C due to adsorbed moisture and changes the film to particles at approximately 600°C. At 700°C, the catalyst particles consist mainly of iron oxide with a cubic system. By feeding C 2 H 2 , the catalyst starts to be deoxidized and then absorbs carbon atoms to form Fe-C and Fe 3 C. The growth mechanism of nanotubes is discussed in terms of the crystalline phase and orientation of the catalyst.
Recent Developments in the Syntheses of Carbazole Alkaloids (1990)

Recent developments in preparative methods for the construction of pharmacologically interesting and novel carbazole alkaloids are described. The spectrum of synthetic strategies ranges from polar (ionic) through radical to pericyclic methodologies.
Immunology of gangliosides. (2000)

This review discusses the immunology of gangliosides from the perspective of tumor, neuronal and general immunology. Antiganglioside antibodies in human sera are invariably IgM and are found in healthy individuals. Their titers decline with age. Persistent high titer of IgM is associated with several diseases, particularly neuropathies. Membrane-bound gangliosides are important tumor-associated antigens and targets for immune attack. Cells enriched with gangliosides can be used as cancer vaccines. Efficacy of these vaccines depends on the viability of whole cells, integrity of the cell membranes, adjuvants and topography of the tumor-associated antigens. The role of antiganglioside IgM is to eliminate the immunosuppressive gangliosides shed from tissues during ageing, degeneration of neural and extraneural tissues, and tumor growth and necrosis. In addition, in vitro observations with human and murine monoclonal antibodies suggest that they are capable of complement dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis.
Booby trapping software (2013)

Cyber warfare is asymmetric in the current paradigm, with attackers having the high ground over defenders. This asymmetry stems from the situation that attackers have the initiative, while defenders concentrate on passive fortifications. Defenders are constantly patching the newest hole in their defenses and creating taller and thicker walls, without placing guards on those walls to watch for the enemy and react to attacks. Current passive cyber security defenses such as intrusion detection, anti-virus, and hardened software are not sufficient to repel attackers. In fact, in conventional warfare this passivity would be entirely nonsensical, given the available active strategies, such as counterattacks and deception.
Hierarchical Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>@Ni<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> core/shell nanowire arrays in situ grown on three-dimensional copper foam for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors (2017)

Well-aligned hierarchical Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>@Ni<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> core/shell nanowire arrays <italic>in situ</italic> grown on conductive copper foams as binder- and conductive-free electrodes display superior electrochemical performances.
Minimax-optimal rates for sparse additive models over kernel classes via convex programming (2012)

Sparse additive models are families of d-variate functions with the additive decomposition f* = Σj∈S fj*, where S is an unknown subset of cardinality s < d. In this paper, we consider the case where each univariate component function fj* lies in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), and analyze a method for estimating the unknown function f* based on kernels combined with l1-type convex regularization. Working within a high-dimensional framework that allows both the dimension d and sparsity s to increase with n, we derive convergence rates in the L2(P) and L2(Pn) norms over the class Fd,s,H of sparse additive models with each univariate function fj* in the unit ball of a univariate RKHS with bounded kernel function. We complement our upper bounds by deriving minimax lower bounds on the L2(P) error, thereby showing the optimality of our method. Thus, we obtain optimal minimax rates for many interesting classes of sparse additive models, including polynomials, splines, and Sobolev classes. We also show that if, in contrast to our univariate conditions, the d-variate function class is assumed to be globally bounded, then much faster estimation rates are possible for any sparsity s = Ω(√n), showing that global boundedness is a significant restriction in the high-dimensional setting.
Late Reverberation Synthesis Using Filtered Velvet Noise (2017)

This paper discusses the modeling of the late part of a room impulse response by dividing it into short segments and approximating each one as a filtered random sequence. The filters and their associated gain account for the spectral shape and decay of the overall response. The noise segments are realized with velvet noise, which is sparse pseudo-random noise. The proposed approach leads to a parametric representation and computationally efficient artificial reverberation, since convolution with velvet noise reduces to a multiplication-free sparse sum. Cascading of the differential coloration filters is proposed to further reduce the computational cost. A subjective test shows that the resulting approximation of the late reverberation often leads to a noticeable difference in comparison to the original impulse response, especially with transient sounds, but the difference is minor. The proposed method is very efficient in terms of real-time computational cost and memory storage. The proposed method will be useful for spatial audio applications.
The Thermal Decomposition of Perfluoroesters (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Thermal Decomposition of PerfluoroestersKoichi Murata, Hajimu Kawa, and Richard J. LagowView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712-1167 Exfluor Research Corporation, 2350 Doublecreek Drive Round Rock, Texas 78664 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 28, 7117–7118Publication Date (Web):July 3, 1998Publication History Received5 March 1998Published online3 July 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980727bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980727brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Organic reactions,Transition states Get e-Alerts
New Mutations in the <i>KVLQT1</i> Potassium Channel That Cause Long-QT Syndrome (1998)

We have identified LQTS-causing mutations of KVLQT1 in seven families. Five KVLQT1 mutations cause the truncation of KVLQT1 protein. These data further confirm that KVLQT1 mutations cause LQTS. The location and character of these mutations expand the types of mutation, confirm a mutational hot spot, and suggest that they act through a loss-of-function mechanism or a dominant-negative mechanism.
New Design for Self-Developing Imaging Systems Based on Thermally Labile Polyformals (1989)

The polycondensation of bis-allylic or bis-benzylic diols with dibromomethane under phase transfer catalysis may be used to generate some polyformal polymers and copolymers which depolymerize readily when heated or when subjected to acidolysis. The polymers are best prepared by condensation of diols such as 1,4-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexene or 1,4-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and CH2Br2 under phase transfer conditions. The polymers which are obtained by this process generally have fairly broad polydispersities and are stable to temperatures higher than 150°C. Under acid catalysis, they decompose below 80°C to afford mainly the aromatic elimination product (benzene or naphthalene), and formaldehyde hydrate. As the polymers absorb very weakly even in the deep-UV (Emax < 300), imaging is possible through formulations incorporating both the polyformals and a small amount of a triarylsulfonium salt or similar photoacid generator. The polyformals can be used as self-developing and chemically amplified imaging systems which operate in the deep-UV and possess good sensitivities due to the catalytic nature of their photoinitiated thermal decomposition.
Comprehensive Analysis of Gate-Induced Drain Leakage in Emerging FET Architectures: Nanotube FETs Versus Nanowire FETs (2017)

In this paper, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) in emerging nanotube (NT) and nanowire (NW) FET architectures. We demonstrate that the additional lateral band-to-band-tunneling (L-BTBT) in the NTFETs owing to the core gate increases their OFF-state current compared with the NWFETs. The increased L-BTBT results in a significantly degraded performance of NTFETs when the gate lengths are scaled to the sub-10-nm regime. Therefore, the enhanced gate control offered by the NT architecture is detrimental from L-BTBT GIDL perspective. We show that although the core gate leads to a considerable increase in the gate capacitance of NTFETs, their dynamic performance improves compared with NWFETs due to the enhanced effective drive current owing to the NT architecture. In addition, we also provide the necessary design guidelines for the NTFETs and NWFETs with respect to spacer dielectric constant, intrinsic material bandgap, effective oxide thickness, supply voltage, and NT diameter from L-BTBT GIDL perspective.
Host protection against deliberate bacterial contamination of an extracellular matrix bioscaffold versus Dacron™ mesh in a dog model of orthopedic soft tissue repair (2003)

The resistance of two biomaterials, one synthetic and one biologic in origin, to deliberate bacterial infection was compared in a dog model of orthopedic soft tissue reconstruction. Twenty-four adult female dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups and a 2.0-cm-round full-thickness defect was created on the lateral surface of the stifle joint, leaving only the synovium and skin intact. The defect was surgically repaired with either Dacron trade mark mesh or a porcine derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold material. The repair site was inoculated with 1 x 10(8) Staphylococcus aureus at the time of surgery and the dogs were survived for 28 days. Results showed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammatory response at the Dacron trade mark implant sites versus a constructive tissue-remodeling response without residual inflammation at the ECM implant site. Three dogs in the group receiving the Dacron trade mark mesh were treated with Keflex trade mark (500 mg bid x 7 days) for signs of septicemia. A quantitative bacterial count of the implant sites at the time of sacrifice showed 6.52 x 10(5) +/- 1.2 x 10(6) and 6.5 x 10(2) +/- 1.8 x 10(3) bacteria per gram of tissue for the Dacron trade mark and ECM scaffold sites, respectively (P <.03). The ECM implant material was more resistant than the synthetic implant material to persistent infection following deliberate bacterial contamination and the ECM scaffold supported constructive tissue remodeling.
Immunization of mice with viable Cocidioides immitis. (1961)

Mice which were vaccinated with a nonliving vaccine prepared from the mycelium-arthrospore phase of Coccidioides immitis survived challenge doses with a virulent strain administered intraperitoneally. However, the immunity was insufficient to protect the animals against similar challenge doses administered by the intranasal route. After vaccination with viable arthrospores obtained from strains of varying virulence, protection was provided against both intraperitoneal and intranasal challenge. Immunity evoked by the subcutaneous administration of a riboflavin-dependent auxotroph of very low virulence afforded protection against intranasally administered challenges of up to 200 arthrospores. The immune response was augmented by vaccinating the mice concurrently by both the subcutaneous and the intranasal routes. When the auxotroph was administered by the intranasal route exclusively, the extent of immunity afforded was, within limits, a function of dosage. The reversion of the auxotroph to prototrophy and virulence in vivo currently contraindicates its use in other than experimental studies.
Development of improved corrosion- and erosion-resistance coatings for gas-turbine airfoils (1980)

The main objective of this program is to obtain a ceramic coating with sufficient density to prevent hot-corrosion element diffusion while accommodating the thermal induced stresses and strain encountered in the gas turbine airfoil application. A secondary objective is to include ceramic coatings for outer air seals and combustor components such as falseheads, crossover tubes, and igniters. In addition, these coatings may directly, or with minor modification, be of major interest for insulating diesel engine combustion zones. The application objective is to significantly enhance diesel and gas turbine engine durability when operating with minimally processed alternative fuels. Both steel tabs and IN-738 pins were used as substrate to be coated with Yttria-stabilized Zirconia using EB-PVD technique. Various bond layers including CoCrAlY, NiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY were also deposited by PVD in a 100 kW coater followed by glass bead peening and vacuum heat-treatment at 1975/sup 0/F for four (4) hours. ZrO/sub 2/(Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/) top layers were deposited in a 200 kW coater with a pressure barrier system to enable oxygen gas being introduced during the coating process. Results are presented and discussed. (WHK)