gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mixed Interface Reaction/Diffusion Control Model for Oxidation of Si3 N 4 (1991)

The observed parabolic rate constants for the oxidation of at 1100 to 1400°C are 10 to 1000 times lower than those for the oxidation of silicon. Calculations are performed to determine parabolic rate constants from the existing oxygen tracer diffusivity values and from the diffusivity and solubility values of the dissolved diatomic oxygen. These calculations suggest that the rate of oxidation is not controlled by oxygen diffusion. Instead, it is controlled by a mixed process involving reaction at the interface and nitrogen diffusion through . A detailed analysis indicates that the rate law can be nearly parabolic for this mixed control process.
How often are nonenhancing supratentorial gliomas malignant? A population study (2002)

The presence of contrast enhancement in a brain tumor is often regarded as a sign of malignancy. The authors identified 314 patients with malignant and low-grade supratentorial glial neoplasms in an unselected population, 58 of which lacked contrast enhancement on preoperative neuroimaging. Nonenhancing gliomas were malignant in approximately one third of cases, especially in older patients. Histologic confirmation of the diagnosis is therefore important in all patients suspected of harboring a primary glial neoplasm.
Control of cell division by a retinoblastoma protein homolog in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> (2001)

A key pathway that controls both cell division and differentiation in animal cells is mediated by the retinoblastoma (RB) family of tumor suppressors, which gate the passage of cells from G(1) to S and through S phase. The role(s) of the RB pathway in plants are not yet clearly defined, nor has there been any evidence for its presence in unicellular organisms. Here we have identified an RB homolog encoded by the mat3 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga in the land plant lineage. Chlamydomonas cells normally grow to many times their original size during a prolonged G(1) and then undergo multiple alternating rounds of S phase and mitosis to produce daughter cells of uniform size. mat3 mutants produce small daughter cells and show defects in two size-dependent cell cycle controls: They initiate the cell cycle at a below-normal size, and they undergo extra rounds of S phase/mitosis. Unlike mammalian RB mutants, mat3 mutants do not have a shortened G(1), do not enter S phase prematurely, and can exit the cell cycle and differentiate normally, indicating that the RB pathway in Chlamydomonas has a different role than in animals.
Thrombin Induces Increased Expression and Secretion of VEGF from Human FS4 Fibroblasts, DU145 Prostate Cells and CHRF Megakaryocytes (2001)

Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis. It has recently been suggested that thrombin is a potent promoter of angiogenesis. We therefore examined the possibility that thrombin could be inducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes endothelial growth. Primary human FS4 fibroblasts as well as tumor cell lines: prostate DU145 and megakaryocyte CHRF were incubated with thrombin (0.25-1 unit/ml) for 1-8 hrs and then examined for mRNA by Northern Analysis. Enhanced mRNA (approximately 3-4 fold over base line) was noted at 2-4 hrs, with 0.5 u/ml thrombin. The effect was specific for thrombin activity on its PAR-1 receptor, since equal units of hirudin completely inhibited the response and the thrombin effect could be mimicked with the 14 mer thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP). Upregulation of mRNA was associated with enhanced VEGF protein synthesis and secretion as assayed by immunoblot. Enhanced expression of VEGF mRNA was not secondary to enhanced transcription (nuclear run on experiments), but due to an >3 fold stabilization of mRNA (Actinomycin D chase experiment). Enhanced VEGF mRNA stabilization is promoted by the PI3Kinase and serine/threonine kinase pathways, since thrombin-induced mRNA expression is inhibited by Wortmanin and H7. No effect was noted with the MAPKinase inhibitor, PD98059. Thus, thrombin-induced tumorigenesis and metastasis is associated with enhanced VEGF protein synthesis and secretion via the stabilization of VEGF mRNA promoted by the PI3Kinase and serine/threonine kinase pathways. This could help explain how thrombin promotes angiogenesis.
A Study of Electro-Optical Crystal as a Diagnostic Tool for Low Energy Electron Beam (2007)

The short, intense, and low emittance electron beams are crucial to make high quality X-ray beam for X-ray free electron laser (XFEL). A RF photo-cathode (RF PC) gun of 1.6 cell cavity is installed at Gun Test Stand (GTS) in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). For the successful construction of PAL-XFEL, the bunch length of the beam should be measured accurately at the exit of the gun where the beam energy is 4.5 MeV. Electro-Optic Sampling (EOS) is a very promising method to measure the bunch length non-destructively. An experiment with D.C. voltage setup is done to verify the electro-optic (EO) crystal can be used as a diagnostic tool for low energy beam. A simulation study is also done with a pulse propagation method which is based on the Fourier transform that allows us to investigate the dynamical evolution of electromagnetic pulse in the EO crystal. The simulation result shows that the signal level can be about 20 % of the initial laser pulse signal. From the experiment and the simulation, we have convinced that the EOS can be a non-destructive diagnostic tool for low energy beam for XFEL.
Distribution of ascorbate in the anterior bovine eye. (2000)

(1) Peak ascorbate concentration was observed in the central corneal epithelium covering the pupillary area. This is compatible with the idea that the ascorbate may act as an UV filter shielding internal eye structures from radiation damage. (2) The ascorbate concentration in the corneal stroma and DM/endothelium was as high as in the aqueous humor, and it is suggested that the aqueous humor plays a key role in the distribution of ascorbate to the anterior eye wall.
<title>Knowledge-based automated feature extraction to categorize secondary digitized radiographs</title> (2000)

An essential part of the IRMA-project (Image Retrieval in Medical Applications) is the categorization of digitized images into predefined classes using a combination of different independent features. To obtain an automated and content-based categorization, the following features are extracted from the image data: Fourier coefficients of normalized projections are computed to supply a scale- and translation-invariant description. Furthermore, histogram information and Co-occurrence matrices are calculated to supply information about the gray value distribution and textural information. But the key part of the feature extraction is the shape information of the objects represented by an Active Shape Model. The Active Shape Model supports various form variations given by a representative training set; we use one particular Active Shape Model for each image class. These different Active Shape Models are matched on preprocessed image data with a simulated annealing optimization. The different extracted features were chosen with regard to the different characteristics of the image content. They give a comprehensive description of image content using only few different features. Using this combination of different features for categorization results in a robust classification of image data, which is a basic step towards medical archives that allow retrieval results for queries of diagnostic relevance.
Knockdown of c‐FLIP<sub>L</sub> enhanced AD5‐10 anti‐death receptor 5 monoclonal antibody‐induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells (2009)

It is reported that the agonistic antibodies against death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4, DR5) are cytotoxic to various cancer cells. In the present study, the sensitivity of five human lung cancer cell lines to previously reported AD5-10 agonistic antibody against DR5 were investigated. Of these cell lines, A549 and small cell lung cancer showed a moderate sensitivity to AD5-10 and three other cell lines were resistant. Cell line H460 is resistant to AD5-10 despite a high level of cell-surface DR5 expression. We demonstrated that the resistance of H460 cells to AD5-10 was not related to the expression level of DR5, but the expression and cleavage of c-FLIP(L) in the cells. Inhibition of endogenous c-FLIP(L) expression by siRNA significantly enhanced AD5-10-induced cell death in these lung cancer cells. We further showed that this sensitizing effect was associated with decreased expression of Bcl-2 family proteins Bid and Bcl-X(L), change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and caspase activation. Therefore, these data provide evidence that c-FLIP(L) is involved in the resistance of lung cancer cells to AD5-10-induced apoptosis. Moreover, immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue revealed that c-FLIP(L) was expressed in 87.9% (29 of 33) of lung carcinoma tissues from the patients, but little in tissues from normal controls. This suggests that inhibition of c-FLIP(L) expression might be a potential strategy for lung cancer therapy, especially for those lung cancers resistant to the agonistic antibody against death receptors.
Effects of Super Okra Leaf Shape on Boll Rot, Yield, and Other Characters of Upland Cotton, <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.<sup>1</sup> (1970)

The effects of the super okra leaf shape on boll rot. yield, plant and fiber characters of Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., were investigated at three locations in Louisiana. Near isogenic populations of super okra leaf and normal leaf on each of three varietal backgrounds were used. Super okra leaf shape, as an average of varieties and locations, caused a significant reduction in boll rot, yield, fiber length, and total leaf surface area in comparison with normal leaf cotton. Super okra leaf shape caused an increase in earliness, lint percentage, fruiting rate, and micronaire value, but had no effects or inconsistent effects on boll size, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength, and fiber elongation. The interactions of variety ✕ leaf shape and location ✕ leaf shape were significant for some of the characters studied. A mixed population of super okra leaf and normal leaf plants in a 1:1 ratio was investigated. The mixed leaf population was found to have no advantage over the pure populations of the contrasting leaf shapes.
Protection against radiation-induced mutagenesis at the <i>hprt</i> locus by spermine and <i>N, N</i>″-(dithiodi-2, 1-ethanediyl)bis-1,3-propanediamine (WR-33278) (1994)

The polyamine spermine and the disulfide N,N"-(dithiodi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-1,3-propanediamine (WR-33278) are structurally similar agents capable of binding to DNA. WR-33278 is the disulfide moiety of the clinically studied radioprotective agent S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721). Because of their reported structural and functional similarities, it was of interest to compare their effects on cell survival and mutation induction at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus in Chinese hamster AA8 cells. WR-33278 and spermine (at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 mM) were electroporated into cells. Electroporation, 300 V and 125 microF, was performed either 30 min prior to or 3 h following exposure of cells to 750 cGy of ionizing radiation. Electroporation alone reduced cell survival to 75% but had no effect on hprt mutation frequency. The electroporation of either spermine or WR-33278 at concentrations greater than 0.01 mM was extremely toxic. The exposure of cells to both electroporation and irradiation gave rise to enhanced cell killing and mutation induction, with the sequence of irradiation followed 3 h later by electroporation being the more toxic protocol. Cell survival was only enhanced following electroporation of 0.01 mM of spermine and WR-33278 30 min prior to irradiation. Protection against radiation-induced hprt mutations was observed for both spermine and WR-33278 under all experimental conditions tested. Spermine at exposure concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 mM administered 30 min before or 3 h after irradiation reduced mutation frequencies by factors of 2.2, 1.2, 1.9 and 2.2, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Slicing the battery pie (2013)

By using device-to-device communication, opportunistic networks promise to fill the gap left by infrastructure-based networks in remote areas, to support communication in disaster and emergency situations, as well as to enable new local social networking applications. Yet, to become feasible in practice and accepted by the users, it is crucial that opportunistic communication is energy-efficient. In this paper, we measure and analyze the energy consumption of today's device-to-device communication technologies: Wi-Fi Direct, Bluetooth and WLAN-Opp (a solution based on the WLAN access point mode). We compare the energy consumption of individual operations such as neighbor discovery and connection establishment/maintenance across the different standards. We find that all of these technologies suffer from two problems. First, neighbor discovery is expensive and can quickly drain the battery if implemented carelessly. We analyze this by measuring the impact of scanning frequency on battery lifetime for the different technologies. Second, all technologies suffer from unfairness issues once a connection is established. The ``host'' of a connection consumes two to five times the energy of a "client". We propose strategies to increase fairness by alternating the hosting role among the peers. We compute the frequency of switching roles based on the distribution of the residual connection time, to achieve a good trade-off between fairness and switching cost.
A Regression Test Selection and Prioritization Technique (2010)

Regression testing is a very costly process performed primarily as a software maintenance activity. It is the process of retesting the modified parts of the software and ensuring that no new errors have been introduced into previously tested source code due to these modifications. A regression test selection technique selects an appropriate number of test cases from a test suite that might expose a fault in the modified program. In this paper, we propose both a regression test selection and prioritization technique. We implemented our regression test selection technique and demonstrated in two case studies that our technique is effective regarding selecting and prioritizing test cases. The results show that our technique may significantly reduce the number of test cases and thus the cost and resources for performing regression testing on modified software.
HSR: Zero recovery time and low-cost redundancy for Industrial Ethernet (High availability seamless redundancy, IEC 62439-3) (2009)

Of the numerous industrial Ethernets specified in IEC 61158 & IEC 61784, few provide physical redundancy and none provides a redundancy method that is independent of the upper layer protocols.
Project visualization for software (2006)

A software product "blueprint" let stakeholders view a software project's status at any point in the development. The work on requirements analysis and design when only the designers understand a software project's progress can be frustrating. Although a project leader should give progress presentations to stakeholders before the software is ready for demonstration, a presentation showing fragments of code is hardly useful. The lack of useful information makes it difficult for stakeholders to give constructive criticism on the project's progress or to set priorities. It might also damage their confidence in the project's progress and quality and their faith in the plans
Design of Structurally Rigid <i>trans</i>-Diamine-Based Tf-Amide Organocatalysts with a Dihydroanthracene Framework for Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Heterosubstituted Aldehydes to Vinyl Sulfones (2010)

Asymmetric conjugate addition of α-heterosubstituted aldehydes such as α-amido and α-alkoxy aldehydes to vinyl sulfone was effected under the influence of structurally rigid trans-diamine-based Tf-amido organocatalyst (S,S)-2 with a dihydroanthracene framework to furnish α,α-dialkyl(amido)aldehydes and α,α-dialkyl(alkoxy)aldehydes with high enantioselectivity. The chiral efficiency of the structurally unique catalyst (S,S)-2 is apparent in comparison with (S,S)-1 and (S,S)-4 with similar functionality.
Metal complexes in cancer therapy &ndash; an update from drug design perspective (2017)

In the past, metal-based compounds were widely used in the treatment of disease conditions, but the lack of clear distinction between the therapeutic and toxic doses was a major challenge. With the discovery of cisplatin by Barnett Rosenberg in 1960, a milestone in the history of metal-based compounds used in the treatment of cancers was witnessed. This forms the foundation for the modern era of the metal-based anticancer drugs. Platinum drugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, are the mainstay of the metal-based compounds in the treatment of cancer, but the delay in the therapeutic accomplishment of other metal-based compounds hampered the progress of research in this field. Recently, however, there has been an upsurge of activities relying on the structural information, aimed at improving and developing other forms of metal-based compounds and nonclassical platinum complexes whose mechanism of action is distinct from known drugs such as cisplatin. In line with this, many more metal-based compounds have been synthesized by redesigning the existing chemical structure through ligand substitution or building the entire new compound with enhanced safety and cytotoxic profile. However, because of increased emphasis on the clinical relevance of metal-based complexes, a few of these drugs are currently on clinical trial and many more are awaiting ethical approval to join the trial. In this review, we seek to give an overview of previous reviews on the cytotoxic effect of metal-based complexes while focusing more on newly designed metal-based complexes and their cytotoxic effect on the cancer cell lines, as well as on new approach to metal-based drug design and molecular target in cancer therapy. We are optimistic that the concept of selective targeting remains the hope of the future in developing therapeutics that would selectively target cancer cells and leave healthy cells unharmed.
3-Amino-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-1-benzopyran Derivatives as 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> Receptor Ligands and Potential Anxiolytic Agents. 2. Synthesis and Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Spiro[pyrrolidine- and piperidine-2,3‘(2‘<i>H</i>)-benzopyrans] (1996)

In continuation of our work on 3-amino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran derivatives with high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors, we have prepared rigid spirobenzopyran analogues designed from the pharmacophore models of Mellin and selected via a quantitative structure-activity relationship approach mainly based on similarity indices. A series of spiro[pyrrolidine- and piperidine-2,3'(2'H)-benzopyrans] with various substitutions on the aromatic ring as well as on the extracyclic spiranic nitrogen atom were then synthesized and evaluated for their serotonergic and dopaminergic activities. Good correlation between the predicted and the experimental binding values was observed with an average difference of 0.2 unit on log(IC50). Affinities for the 5-HT1A receptors were in the nanomolar range for the best compounds ((+)-11a,23) with a high selectivity versus other 5-HT (5-HT1B, 5-HT2, 5-HT3) or dopamine (D1, D2) receptor subtypes. As for the 3-amino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran series, the dextrorotatory enantiomer (+)-11a showed better affinity and selectivity for 5-HT1A receptors than its levorotatory analogue (-)-11a. Compound (+)-11a proved in vitro to be a full agonist and in vivo to be active in various comportmental tests predictive of psychotropic activity, such as the forced swim test and the tail suspension test, and is currently under complementary investigations.
Emergence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (2001)

Vancomycin and ampicillin resistance in clinical Enterococcus faecium strains has developed in the past decade. Failure to adhere to strict infection control to prevent the spread of these pathogens has been well established. New data implicate the use of specific classes of antimicrobial agents in the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Extended-spectrum cephalosporins and drugs with potent activity against anaerobic bacteria may promote infection and colonization with VRE and may exert different effects on the initial establishment and persistence of high-density colonization. Control of VRE will require better understanding of the mechanisms by which different classes of drugs promote gastrointestinal colonization.
Discovery of lipoic acid-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole hybrids as novel bifunctional ROCK inhibitors with antioxidant activity (2016)

A potently selective ROCK2 inhibitor with antioxidative properties.
Line-based SLAM with slow rotating range sensors: Results and evaluations (2010)

This paper is concerned with the Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) application with a mobile robot moving in a structured environment using data obtained from rotating sensors such as radars or lasers. A line-based EKF-SLAM (EKF stands for Extended Kalman Filter) algorithm is presented, which is able to deal with data that cannot be considered instantaneous when compared with the dynamics of the vehicle. When the sensor motion is fast relative to the measurement time, scans become locally distorted. A mapping solution is presented, that includes sensor motion in the observation model by taking into account the dynamics of the system. Experimental results with real-world 2D-laser scanner data are presented. Moreover a performance evaluation of the results is carried out. A quantitative performance evaluation method is proposed when dealing with a 2D line map and when a ground truth is available. It is based on the bipartite graph matching and combines several criteria that are described. A comparative study is made between the output data of the proposed method and the data processed without taking into account distortion phenomena.
Experimental observations on transport phenomena accompanying redox switching in polythionine films immersed in strong acid solutions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental observations on transport phenomena accompanying redox switching in polythionine films immersed in strong acid solutionsStanley. Bruckenstein, C. Paul. Wilde, Michael. Shay, and A. Robert. HillmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 2, 787–793Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100365a051https://doi.org/10.1021/j100365a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts