gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Reprogramming of Chemoresistant Cancer Cells and the Potential Significance of Metabolic Regulation in the Reversal of Cancer Chemoresistance (2020)

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of tumors. Alterations of cellular metabolism not only contribute to tumor development, but also mediate the resistance of tumor cells to antitumor drugs. The metabolic response of tumor cells to various chemotherapy drugs can be analyzed by metabolomics. Although cancer cells have experienced metabolic reprogramming, the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells has been further modified. Metabolic adaptations of drug resistant cells to chemotherapeutics involve redox, lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, glycolysis, polyamine synthesis and so on. The proposed metabolic mechanisms of drug resistance include the increase of glucose and glutamine demand, active pathways of glutaminolysis and glycolysis, promotion of NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway, adaptive mitochondrial reprogramming, activation of fatty acid oxidation, and up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase for polyamine production. Several genes are associated with metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance. Intervening regulatory points described above or targeting key genes in several important metabolic pathways may restore cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. This paper reviews the metabolic changes of tumor cells during the development of chemoresistance and discusses the potential of reversing chemoresistance by metabolic regulation.
Formatted Encryption Beyond Regular Languages (2014)

Format-preserving and format-transforming encryption (FPE and FTE, respectively) are relatively new cryptographic primitives, yet are already being used in a broad range of real-world applications. The most flexible existing FPE and FTE implementations use regular expressions to specify plaintext and/or ciphertext formats. These constructions rely on the ability to efficiently map strings accepted by a regular expression to integers and back, called ranking and unranking, respectively.
Sensitivity Analysis of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilever Made of Functionally Graded Materials (2009)

The purpose of this paper is the enhancement of the AFM sensitivity through the selection of an optimized FGM micro cantilever beam. In this paper, resonant frequencies and sensitivities of first two modes of micro cantilever which is made of functionally graded materials are investigated and a relationship is developed to evaluate the sensitivity of FGM micro cantilever. Effect of volume fraction of materials and surface contact stiffness on the resonant frequencies and sensitivities are studied. The rectangular FGM beam is modeled by an Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. It is assumed that beam is made of a mixture of metal and ceramic with properties varying through the thickness following a simple power law of n. This variation is a function of the volume fraction of the beam material constituents. The interaction between AFM tip and surface is modeled by a linear spring which expresses the contact stiffness. Results show that, increasing the ceramic volume fraction increases the resonant frequencies of both modes 1 and 2. When contact stiffness is small, for both modes, as ceramic volume fraction increases, sensitivities decreases, while for large contact stiffness, as ceramic volume fraction increases the sensitivities will be increased. Results also show that at each contact stiffness, there is a unique value of n at which the sensitivity is maximized. Using these values for n, the high quality and high contrast images can be obtained.
Different Substrate Recognition Requirements for Cleavage of Synaptobrevin-2 by<i>Clostridium baratii</i>and<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>Type F Neurotoxins (2010)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause botulism, which can be fatal if it is untreated. BoNTs cleave proteins necessary for nerve transmission, resulting in paralysis. The in vivo protein target has been reported for all seven serotypes of BoNT, i.e., serotypes A to G. Knowledge of the cleavage sites has led to the development of several assays to detect BoNT based on its ability to cleave a peptide substrate derived from its in vivo protein target. Most serotypes of BoNT can be subdivided into subtypes, and previously, we demonstrated that three of the currently known subtypes of BoNT/F cleave a peptide substrate, a shortened version of synaptobrevin-2, between Q58 and K59. However, our research indicated that Clostridium baratii type F toxin did not cleave this peptide. In this study, we detail experiments demonstrating that Clostridium baratii type F toxin cleaves recombinant synaptobrevin-2 in the same location as that cleaved by proteolytic F toxin. In addition, we demonstrate that Clostridium baratii type F toxin can cleave a peptide substrate based on the sequence of synaptobrevin-2. This peptide substrate is an N-terminal extension of the original peptide substrate used for detection of other BoNT/F toxins and can be used to detect four of the currently known BoNT/F subtypes by mass spectrometry.
Empirical Game-Theoretic Analysis for Moving Target Defense (2015)

The effectiveness of a moving target defense depends on how it is deployed through specific system operations over time, and how attackers may respond to this deployment. We define a generic cyber-defense scenario, and examine the interplay between attack and defense strategies using empirical game-theoretic techniques. In this approach, the scenario is defined procedurally by a simulator, and data derived from systematic simulation is used to induce a game model. We explore a space of 72 game instances, defined by differences in agent objectives, attack cost, and ability of the defender to detect attack actions. We observe a range of qualitative strategic behaviors, which vary in clear patterns across environmental conditions. In particular, we find that the efficacy of deterrent defense is critically sensitive to detection capability, and in the absence of perfect detection the defender is often driven to proactive moving-target actions.
Kinetics and mechanism of platinum deposition by photoelectrolysis in illuminated suspensions of semiconducting titanium dioxide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of platinum deposition by photoelectrolysis in illuminated suspensions of semiconducting titanium dioxideJ. S. Curran, J. Domenech, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, and R. PhilippeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 6, 957–963Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100252a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100252a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
High-speed data transmission on an optical fiber using a byte-wide WDM system (1988)

The advantages and problems of using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to transmit byte-wide data in parallel through a single-mode optical fiber are studied. The principle problem which is particular to byte-wide transmission is shown to be bit skew caused by group delays of the different transmission wavelengths. The aggregate bit rate of the byte-wide link is shown to be equal to the aggregate bit rate of the serial link for all byte sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction of Wind Power Generation based on Chaotic Phase Space Reconstruction Models (2007)

The development of wind generation has rapidly progressed over the last decade, but it must be integrated into power grids and electric utility systems. However, it cannot be dispatched like conventional generators because the power generated by the wind changes rapidly because of the continuous fluctuation of wind speed and direction. So it is very important to predict the wind power generation. This paper discusses why the wind power generation can be predicted in short-term, and how to setup the construction of an ANN (artificial neural network) prediction model of wind power based on chaotic time series. The analysis of modeling with low dimensions nonlinear dynamics indicates that time series of wind power generation have chaotic characteristics, and wind power can be predicted in short-term. Phase space reconstruction method can be used for ANN model design. The data from the wind farm located in the Saihanba China are used for this study.
Organocatalytic asymmetric assembly reactions for the syntheses of carbohydrate derivatives by intermolecular Michael-Henry reactions (2010)

Given the significance of carbohydrates in life, medicine, and industry, the development of simple and efficient de novo methods to synthesize carbohydrates are highly desirable. Organocatalytic asymmetric assembly reactions are powerful tools to rapidly construct molecules with stereochemical complexity from simple precursors. Here, we present a simple and robust methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of pyranose derivatives with talo- and manno- configurations from simple achiral precursors through organocatalytic asymmetric intermolecular Michael-Henry reaction sequences. In this process, (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)acetaldehyde 1 was successfully utilized in two ways: as a donor in a highly selective anti-Michael reaction and as an acceptor in a consecutive Henry reaction. Varied nitroolefins served as Michael acceptors and varied aldehydes substituted for 1 as Henry acceptors providing for the construction of a wide range of carbohydrates with up to 5 stereocenters. In these reactions, a catalyst-controlled Michael reaction followed by a substrate-controlled Henry reaction provided 3,4-dideoxytalose derivatives 6 in a highly stereoselective manner. The Henry reaction was affected by addition of a simple base such as triethylamine: A complex chiral base was not necessary. 3,4-Dideoxymannose derivatives 7 were produced by simply changing the base from triethylamine to 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. Extension of this methodology to a syn-Michael initiated sequence was also successful. A mechanistic discussion is provided to explain the unusual substrate-induced stereoselectivity of the Henry reaction.
Where Have All the Crop Phenotypes Gone? (2013)

In crop genetics and breeding research, phenotypic data are collected for each plant genotype, often in multiple locations and field conditions, in search of the genomic regions that confer improved traits. But what is happening to all of these phenotypic data? Currently, virtually none of the data generated from the hundreds of phenotypic studies conducted each year are being made publically available as raw data; thus there is little we can learn from past experience when making decisions about how to breed better crops for the future. This ongoing loss of phenotypic information, particularly about crop productivity, must be stopped if we are to meet the considerable challenge of increasing food production sufficiently to meet the needs of a growing world population. Here I present a road map for developing and implementing an information network to share data on crop plant phenotypes.
A review of tone reproduction techniques (2002)

The ultimate aim of realistic graphics is the creation of images that provoke the same responses that a viewer would have to a real scene. While research into ways of rendering images provides us with better and faster methods, we do not necessarily see their full effect due to limitations of the display hardware. The low dynamic range of a standard computer monitor requires some form of mapping to produce images that are perceptually accurate. Tone reproduction operators attempt to replicate the effect of real-world luminance intensities. This paper reviews the work to date on tone reproduction techniques. It includes an investigation into the need for accurate tone reproduction and a discussion of techniques to date. The future of tone reproduction is considered, together with the implications of advances in display hardware.
Focal Osteolysis at the Junctions of a Modular Stainless-Steel Femoral Intramedullary Nail (2001)

The presence of corrosion products at the taper junctions suggests that particulate debris was a major factor in the etiology of the radiographic findings of osteolysis, periosteal reaction, and cortical thickening. Serum chromium levels were substantially elevated in the patients with a modular femoral nail, and such levels may serve as a marker of fretting corrosion of these devices.
Synthesis of pH-Responsive Shell Cross-Linked Micelles and Their Use as Nanoreactors for the Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles (2002)

Poly[(ethylene oxide)-block-glycerol monomethacrylate-block-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PEO−GMA−DEA) and poly[(ethylene oxide)-block-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-block-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PEO−HEMA−DEA) triblock copolymers were synthesized directly, without recourse to protecting group chemistry, via atom transfer radical polymerization by successive polymerization of GMA (or HEMA) and DEA monomers using a PEO-based macroinitiator. These triblock copolymers dissolved molecularly in aqueous solution at low pH; on addition of NaOH, micellization occurred above pH 7−8 to form three-layer “onionlike” micelles comprising DEA cores, GMA (or HEMA) inner shells, and PEO outer coronas. Selective cross-linking of the GMA (or HEMA) inner shell was successfully achieved by adding divinyl sulfone [DVS] to the alkaline micellar solution at room temperature. Unexpectedly, the PEO−HEMA−DEA triblock proved to be much less reactive toward DVS than the two PEO−GMA−DEA triblocks, and an excess of DVS was required to prepare shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles using the former triblock. The resulting SCL micelles exhibited reversible swelling behavior on varying the solution pH. At low pH, the DEA cores became protonated and hence hydrophilic. The effect of varying the block composition and the [DVS]/[GMA] molar ratio on the structural stability and pH-dependent (de)swelling of the SCL micelles was studied. Longer DEA blocks and lower [DVS]/[GMA] molar ratios led to increased swellability, as expected. Finally, these SCL micelles can serve as nanoreactors for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The basic DEA residues in the cores of the SCL micelles were first protonated using HAuCl4, and then the electrostatically bound AuCl4- anions were reduced to nanoparticles of elemental gold using NaBH4 at neutral pH. The gold-loaded SCL micelles exhibited excellent long-term colloid stability.
Reaction of epoxides with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of epoxides with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenolRobert W. LayerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 25, 5224–5225Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00338a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00338a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stealth Marketing (2015)

Abstract Stealth marketing refers to the surreptitious promotion of consumer goods, services, and experiences to unwitting potential customers. Its antecedents date back to the 1920s, when public relations firms attempted to promote their clients through creative event planning and targeted editorial placement in the popular press. Today, stealth marketing refers to a number of clandestine promotional tactics, including product placement, viral or buzz marketing, and reality marketing.
Epitaxial Growth of Pure <sup>28</sup>Si Thin Films Using Isotopically Purified Ion Beams (2001)

Isotopically purified 28 Si homoepitaxial films were grown by means of an ion-beam deposition (IBD) method with isotopically mass-selected negative 28 Si - ion beams. The surface structural evolution during the film growth and the film structure after the growth were investigated using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and transmission electron diffraction (TED). The Si isotopic composition ( 28 Si : 29 Si : 30 Si = 99.9982 : 0.0016 : 0.0002 at.%) of the resulting Si epitaxial film was determined by secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS).
Direct Synthesis of Trisilaalkanes (1991)

A series of trisilaalkanes has been prepared in high yields by the direct reaction of -chloromethylsilanes with metallic silicon in the presence of copper catalyst using the stirred reactor equipped with a spiral band agitator at the carefully controlled temperature between and Disilaalkane compounds were obtained as the minor products. Cadmium was found to be a good promotor for the reactions, while zinc was an inhibitor.
Drying Gel Zeolites (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDrying Gel ZeolitesM. G. Larian and Charles A. MannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936, 28, 2, 196–200Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50314a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50314a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Results Of The Design And Testing Of A Porous Ceramic Absorber For A Volumetric Air Receiver (2005)

A new absorber for a volumetric receiver was designed, built, and tested on an existing volumetric, receiver test bed (200 kWt) at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria test facility in Spain. Volumetric air receivers are currently being investigated for use in solar central receiver power plants because of their inherent simplicity. The volumetric air receiver is a unique type of solar central receiver that uses a porous absorber (heat exchanger), on which the solar energy is concentrated and absorbed within its volume. Air flows through the absorber, convectively transferring energy from the absorber to the air. Volumetric receivers have applications in electricity production, industrial process heat, and chemical processing. We designed this new volumetric receiver absorber to use a porous ceramic material. This material was selected because of its structural strength, high temperature capability, and the potential for using smaller pieces to build up an absorber. The ceramic absorber was tested at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria with a solar flux of up to 1200 kW/m/sup 2/, and it produced outlet air temperatures of 7300C. The porous ceramic material has exhibited reasonable thermal efficiencies and excellent structural integrity in the high-flux, high-temperature environment. In this paper we summarize previous tests on the volumetric air receiver and present the current absorber design and test results.
Kalman-Filter-Based Integer Ambiguity Resolution Strategy for Long-Baseline RTK with Ionosphere and Troposphere Estimation (2010)

The performance of RTK with long baseline over 100 km is much degraded compared to conventional short-range RTK. The authors have developed a new strategy for such long baseline RTK applicable to up to 1,000 km baselines. The strategy consists of an EKF-based parameter estimator without generating any linear combination of the measurements. The strategy also includes the integer ambiguity resolution in carrier-phase measurements with the partial fixing feature and tight constraints to once fixed integer ambiguities. To verify and demonstrate the proposed strategy, we conducted some online tests and online real-time tests for the various baseline lengths in the range of from 29.9 km to 1,099.9 km. The results of these tests indicates that the proposed strategy works well up to 1,000 km baseline. The performance of such the long baseline RTK, however, is degraded especially in summer time. Further improvement is necessary to establish the strategy as a reliable and robust technique.
Multiband reconfigurable Bowtie slot antenna using switchable slot extensions for WiFi, WiMAX, and WLAN applications (2018)

Abstract In this letter, a compact multi‐band reconfigurable CPW fed bowtie slot antenna is presented and these performances are discussed. The known properties of the bowtie antenna, namely a high gain and a fairly large bandwidth have been used in order to design a reconfigurable multiband antenna which makes it possible to switch between a single band (initial mode) and dual band or triple band modes, making it more agile in frequency. The proposed approach is based on the integration of two pairs of slots on the two sides of the antenna to create new bands optimized to operate in the two bands of WiFi and WiMAX at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively. The results of measurements and simulations are presented and compared and a good agreement is established. The antenna is intended for multiservices and cognitive radios applications.