gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced aqueous solubility of long wavelength voltage-sensitive dyes by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (2007)

Long wavelength voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) called Pittsburgh (PGH) dyes were recently synthesized by coupling various heterocyclic groups to a styryl-thiophene intermediate forming extended, partially rigid chromophores. Unlike most styryl VSDs, dyes with a sulfonic acid anchor directly attached to the chromophore showed no solvatochromic absorption shifts. The limited water solubility of many long wavelength VSDs requires the use of surfactants to transport the dye through physiological saline solutions and effectively label biological membranes. Here, we tested the chemical substitution of the sulfonic acid moiety with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chains, ranging from MW 750 to 5000, to overcome the poor solubility of VSDs while retaining their properties as VSDs. The chemical synthesis of PGH dyes and their PEG derivatives are described. The PEG derivatives were soluble in aqueous solutions (>1 mM) and still reported membrane potential changes. In frog and mouse hearts, the voltage sensitivity (DeltaF/F per action potential) and spectral properties of PEG dyes were the same as the sulfonated analogues. Thus, the solubility of VSDs can be considerably improved with small polyethyleneglycol chains and can provide an effective approach to improve staining of excitable tissues and optical recordings of membrane potential.
A behavior-based SMS antispam system (2010)

Short messaging service (SMS) is one of the fastest-growing telecom value-added services worldwide. However, mobile message spam is a side effect for ordinary mobile phone users that seriously troubles their daily life and, as a result, threatens the revenue of telecom operators. In this paper, we present an SMS antispam system that combines behavior-based social network and temporal (spectral) analysis to detect spammers with both high precision and recall. The system infrastructure and the proposed approximate neighborhood index solution, which solves the scalability issue of social networks, are described in detail. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed system achieves excellent discrimination between spammers and legitimates, and even with fixed recall at 95%, the online system and offline detection subsystems maintain a precision of about 98% and 99.5%, respectively.
In Vitro Activities of Cloxyquin (5-Chloroquinolin-8-ol) against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2006)

The in vitro activities of cloxyquin (5-chloroquinolin-8-ol) against 9 standard strains and 150 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied. The MICs ranged from 0.062 to 0.25 microg/ml. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) were 0.125 and 0.25 microg/ml, respectively. These indicate that cloxyquin exhibited good antituberculosis activity, even for multidrug-resistant isolates.
The Design and Analysis of a Feeder Pipe Inspection Robot With an Automatic Pipe Tracking System (2009)

The feeder pipes in a pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) suffer from flow-assisted corrosion (FAC), which makes the wall thickness of the pipes thin. This effect is a well-known degradation mechanism of a carbon pipe with high pressure and high flow rate. Therefore, the weak parts of the pipe should be measured to guarantee the safety. This paper describes a mobile out-pipe inspection robot with an automatic pipe tracking system for a feeder pipe inspection in a PHWR. The robot is composed of dual inch worm mechanisms. One is for a longitudinal motion along a pipe, and the other is for a rotational motion in a circumferential direction to access all of the outer surfaces of a pipe. A design method for a gripper actuator is proposed by using a kinematic and force analysis. The proposed mechanism shows a more stable gripping capability than the conventional ones. An automatic pipe tracking system is proposed based on machine vision techniques to make the mobile robot follow the exact outer circumference of a curved feeder pipe as closely as possible, which is one of the requirements of a thickness measurement system for a feeder pipe. The proposed sensing technique is analyzed to verify its feasibility and to develop a calibration method for an accurate measurement. A mobile robot and control system are developed, and the automatic pipe tracking system is tested in a mockup of a feeder pipe.
Optical resonator with negative dispersion (1984)

Analysis of an optical ring resonator consisting of a prism and two mirrors demonstrates that such a resonator can have adjustable dispersion of either sign. The dispersion is proportional to the second derivative of the optical path length in the resonator with respect to wavelength. Adjustable dispersion may have important application to the production of ultrashort laser pulses.
Mitochondria-associated ER membranes and Alzheimer disease (2016)

The series of events underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) in unknown. The most widely accepted hypothesis is called the amyloid cascade, based on the observation that the brains of AD patients contain high levels of extracellular plaques, composed mainly of β-amyloid (Aβ), and intracellular tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau. However, AD is also characterized by other features, including aberrant cholesterol, phospholipid, and calcium metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all ostensibly unrelated to plaque and tangle formation. Notably, these 'other' aspects of AD pathology are functions related to mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM), a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is apposed to, and communicates with, mitochondria. Given the potential relationship between MAM and AD, we explored the possibility that perturbed MAM function might play a role in AD pathogenesis. We found that γ-secretase activity, which processes the amyloid precursor protein to generate Aβ, is located predominantly in the MAM, and that ER-mitochondrial apposition and MAM function are increased significantly in cells from AD patients. These observations may help explain not only the aberrant Aβ production, but also many of the 'other' biochemical and morphological features of the disease. Based on these, and other, data we propose that AD is fundamentally a disorder of ER-mitochondrial hyperconnectivity.
Emulation - a useful tool in the development of computer systems (1982)

Emulation is playing a key role in the development of a BELLMAC-32A microprocessor-based computer system at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The emulation is used for the development of the operating system for the new computer system to permit both hardware and software development to proceed in parallel. The emulation's goal is to permit the operating system to be developed before the hardware is available. This is aimed at reducing the time and effort required in the hardware/software integration interval to permit a more rapid introduction of a computer system - both hardware and operating system.Emulation is one of several software/hardware models being used in the development of the computer system. There are also functional, gate-level, manufacturing-model simulations used in the development of the BELLMAC-32A microprocessor. Several steps are used in verifying the emulation as well as cross-verification of the BELLMAC-32A microprocessor portion of the different models.Both the BELLMAC-32A microprocessor and the computer system were emulated. The emulation model includes an emulation of the memory mapping, interrupt structure, memory management and peripherals of the real processor. It is an instruction-level compatible emulation that provides high throughput for software debugging. Since the bit layouts of the software that runs on the emulation and the real machine are identical, code that runs on the emulation will run on the real machine except for time dependent code. Since the emulator is a form of software, it can be instrumented for additional debugging capabilities.The emulator went through a rigorous development methodology of requirements, design, implementation and testing phases. Each phase had reviews and/or walk-throughs. Further, the testing phase was done by personnel other than the emulator developers to ensure that the product met external specifications as seen by the customers of the emulation.The emulator development environment includes both microcode development tools and lab environment debugging tools. Both sets of tools run on the UNIX [1] operating system. The microcode development tools include an assembler, pre- and post-processors for generation of microcode, and a microcode simulator for testing the microcode. Both a pre- and post-processor were developed to aid in generating microcode for the emulator developers. Additional pre-processors were taken from other standard UNIX software to further aid the developers with conditional assemblies and symbolic references.The lab environment for the emulation makes use of a UNIX software based front-end lab support processor that interfaces to the emulation processor. A powerful debugging tool is available to the emulator developers on the front-end processor to permit single stepping at both the micro and macro level, display and modification of internal registers, give microinstruction traces, provide breakpointing capabilities, provide microcode and object code download capabilities and to maintain control of the emulation machine.
Mega-FTAs and the trade-security nexus : the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) (2016)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states in bilayer graphene (2017)

The distinct Landau level spectrum of bilayer graphene (BLG) is predicted to support a non-abelian even-denominator fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state similar to the [Formula: see text] state first identified in GaAs. However, the nature of this state has remained difficult to characterize. Here, we report transport measurements of a robust sequence of even-denominator FQH in dual-gated BLG devices. Parallel field measurement confirms the spin-polarized nature of the ground state, which is consistent with the Pfaffian/anti-Pfaffian description. The sensitivity of the even-denominator states to both filling fraction and transverse displacement field provides new opportunities for tunability. Our results suggest that BLG is a platform in which topological ground states with possible non-abelian excitations can be manipulated and controlled.
Substitution Effect in the Ion Conductor Li<sub>3</sub>InBr<sub>6</sub>, Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2002)

Li 3-2x Mg InBr 6 (x= 0.02 - 0.4) was synthesized, and the cation substitution effect on the conductivity was investigated by means of 7 Li and 115 In NMR, and X-ray diffraction.With increasing x the lattice constants a and c increased, but b and β did not show significant changes. The conductivity of the low temperature phase increased with x, associated with a narrowing of the 7 Li NMR spectra. In the high temperature superionic phase, on the other hand, the conductivity decreased with x accompanied by a broadening of the 115 In NMR spectra
Segmentation of Fetal Left Ventricle in Echocardiographic Sequences Based on Dynamic Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Segmentation of fetal left ventricle (LV) in echocardiographic sequences is important for further quantitative analysis of fetal cardiac function. However, image gross inhomogeneities and fetal random movements make the segmentation a challenging problem. In this paper, a dynamic convolutional neural networks (CNN) based on multiscale information and fine-tuning is proposed for fetal LV segmentation. The CNN is pretrained by amount of labeled training data. In the segmentation, the first frame of each echocardiographic sequence is delineated manually. The dynamic CNN is fine-tuned by deep tuning with the first frame and shallow tuning with the rest of frames, respectively, to adapt to the individual fetus. Additionally, to separate the connection region between LV and left atrium (LA), a matching approach, which consists of block matching and line matching, is used for mitral valve (MV) base points tracking. Advantages of our proposed method are compared with an active contour model (ACM), a dynamical appearance model (DAM), and a fixed multiscale CNN method. Experimental results in 51 echocardiographic sequences show that the segmentation results agree well with the ground truth, especially in the cases with leakage, blurry boundaries, and subject-to-subject variations. The CNN architecture can be simple, and the dynamic fine-tuning is efficient.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 48) (2016)

Abstract Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2016 are reviewed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Digital Synthesizer LSI for FM/AM Receivers (1981)

Digital synthesizer tuners that have electronized the tuning section of radio receivers are steadily penetrating the market, backed by advancements in LSI technology. Systems employed by digital synthesizer tuners on the market today may roughly be classified into two categories, PLL (phase locked loop) frequency synthesizers and DAC (digital to analog converter) voltage synthesizers.
De la antigua, y que se incumplía, expresión de la voluntad del testador al notario y los testigos, a la supresión de éstos (1992)

It is generally accepted that there is neither a well-defined nor a consistent link between the formation of drug-protein adducts and organ toxicity. Because the potential does exist, however, for these processes to be causally related, the general strategy at Merck Research Laboratories has been to minimize reactive metabolite formation to the extent possible by appropriate structural modification during the lead optimization stage. This requires a flexible approach to defining bioactivation issues in a variety of metabolism vectors and typically involves the initial use of small molecule trapping agents to define the potential for bioactivation. At some point, however, there is a requirement to synthesize a radiolabeled tracer and to undertake covalent binding studies in vitro, usually in liver microsomal (and sometimes hepatocyte) preparations from preclinical species and human, and also in vivo, typically in the rat. This paper serves to provide one pragmatic approach to addressing the issue of bioactivation from an industry viewpoint based on protocols adopted by Merck Research Laboratories. The availability of a dedicated Labeled Compound Synthesis group, coupled to a close working relationship between Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, represents a framework within which this perspective becomes viable; the overall aim is to bring safer drugs to patients.
Patterns and Formation of Fatty Acids at Tempe Fermentation by Several Strains of <i>Rhizopus</i> Sp. (1991)

Abstract Several fungi and bacteria have been isolated and determined from Indonesian tempe and soaking water. It could be shown that strains of Rhizopus sp. metabolize the soybean lipids and change the fatty acid composition only little. In principle the fatty acid composition of tempe represents a composition close to that of soybeans with an increased content of oleic acid. During a fermentation the degree of unsaturation decreased due to decreasing linoleic acid and alpha‐linolenic acid and increasing oleic acid. The intracellular fatty acid composition of the fungi differed widely in dependence on the culture conditions used. If the fungi were forced to produce their lipids de nove, an inversion of linolenic acid position isomers appeared, gamma‐linolenic acid reached values up to 21%. In comparison with mycelium grown on soybeans there was a loss of linoleic acid for the benefit of all the other fatty acids, especially oleic acid. A significant loss of total lipids during a fermentation could not be found.
Un sur trois. La Basse-Normandie, Conseil régional de Basse-Normandie (1992)

Marion Jacques. Un sur trois. La Basse-Normandie, Conseil régional de Basse-Normandie. In: Études Normandes, 41e année, n°2, 1992. La Manche à la veille de l'an 2000. p. 114.
Structural similarities between the Ca2+-dependent regulatory proteins of 3':5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and actomyosin ATPase. (1976)

Results of studies of the Ca2+-dependent protein modulator of 3':5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isolated from bovine brain are presented which show its structural similarity to the Ca2+-binding subunit of muscle troponin. Both proteins have blocked NH2 termini, similar and characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectra, similar Ca2+-binding properties, very similar amino acid compositions, and co-migrate on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The primary structures of selected tryptic peptides isolated from bovine brain modulator protein are similar or identical with regions of the primary sequences of rabbit skeletal muscle and bovine cardiac muscle troponin C. Bovine brain modulator protein contains and unidentified ninhydrin-positive basic compound not found in muscle troponin C. An improved procedure is presented which yields 40 to 70 mg of modulator protein per kg of bovine brain.
A Logic-compatible Embedded DRAM Utilizing Common-body Toggled Capacitive Cross-talk (2016)

This paper presents a new approach to enhance the data retention of logic-compatible embedded DRAMs. The memory bit-cell in this work consists of two logic transistors implemented in generic triple-well CMOS process. The key idea is to use the parasitic junction capacitance built between the common cell-body and the data storage node. For each write access, a voltage transition on the cell-body couples up the data storage levels. This technique enhances the data retention and the read performance without using additional cell devices. The technique also provides much strong immunity from the write disturbance in the nature. Measurement results from a 64-kbit eDRAM test chip implemented in a 130 nm logic CMOS technology demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit technique. The refresh period for 99.9% bit yield measures 600 μs at 1.1 V and 85℃, enhancing by 87.5% over the conventional design approach.
Blood glucose concentrations and progression of diabetic retinopathy: the seven year results of the Oslo study. (1992)

Secondary intervention by long term lowering of glycated haemoglobin has a beneficial impact on non-proliferative retinopathy. A four factor regression model can determine patients at high risk of severe retinopathy.
[Liver transplantation in halothane-induced liver necrosis]. (1994)

The risk for developing acute liver failure after halothane exposition was calculated between 1:8,000 and 1:36,000. The case report given on a 22 year old man with halothane-induced hepatic failure is unusual, because the typical risk factors as age over 40, female sex, obesity, and previous exposure to halothane were not present. Two days after exposure to halothane the patient suffered acute liver failure with severe coagulopathy (factor V = 5% activity), and encephalopathy grade IV complicated by renal failure and respiratory insufficiency. Maximal increases of enzymes in blood were AST 3900 U/L, ALT 2570 U/L, LDH 10600 U/L. After six days the patient underwent liver transplantation with complete anuria and instable circulation. Explanted liver showed massive necrosis (70% of parenchyma) and fatty changes. The liver transplant had immediately a good function and renal failure resolved within three days. In the follow-up of 3 1/2 years the patient suffered no further complications. Culturing the patient's lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test a strong reaction could be detected with a stimulatory index of 20. Maximal proliferation was observed when lymphocytes were incubated with plasma metabolites of a volunteer drawn 120 minutes after anesthesia with halothane was started.
Piranha (2000)

The microprocessor industry is currently struggling with higher development costs and longer design times that arise from exceedingly complex processors that are pushing the limits of instruction-level parallelism. Meanwhile, such designs are especially ill suited for important commercial applications, such as on-line transaction processing (OLTP), which suffer from large memory stall times and exhibit little instruction-level parallelism. Given that commercial applications constitute by far the most important market for high-performance servers, the above trends emphasize the need to consider alternative processor designs that specifically target such workloads. The abundance of explicit thread-level parallelism in commercial workloads, along with advances in semiconductor integration density, identify chip multiprocessing (CMP) as potentially the most promising approach for designing processors targeted at commercial servers. This paper describes the Piranha system, a research prototype being developed at Compaq that aggressively exploits chip multi-processing by integrating eight simple Alpha processor cores along with a two-level cache hierarchy onto a single chip. Piranha also integrates further on-chip functionality to allow for scalable multiprocessor configurations to be built in a glueless and modular fashion. The use of simple processor cores combined with an industry-standard ASIC design methodology allow us to complete our prototype within a short time-frame, with a team size and investment that are an order of magnitude smaller than that of a commercial microprocessor. Our detailed simulation results show that while each Piranha processor core is substantially slower than an aggressive next-generation processor, the integration of eight cores onto a single chip allows Piranha to outperform next-generation processors by up to 2.9 times (on a per chip basis) on important workloads such as OLTP. This performance advantage can approach a factor of five by using full-custom instead of ASIC logic. In addition to exploiting chip multiprocessing, the Piranha prototype incorporates several other unique design choices including a shared second-level cache with no inclusion, a highly optimized cache coherence protocol, and a novel I/O architecture.