gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach for monitoring the execution of human based assembly operations using machine learning (2019)

During the past years, as part of the continuous research to increase productivity in industrial sector, hybrid solutions allowing the cooperation of industrial robots with operators have been studied. Those combine characteristics from both worlds, such as high accuracy, speed and repeatability of a robot with dexterity of human to perform delicate tasks. Sensing systems have been introduced safeguarding the operators, while primitive workflow monitoring systems, primarily based on operator’s feedback, enhance the dynamic behaviour of the system. This paper presents an approach to automatically monitor the execution of human based assembly operations using vision sensors and machine learning techniques. A reference example based on the assembly of a water pump is showcasing the effectiveness of the proposed approach in real-life application.
Naturally derived commercial surfactants differ in composition of surfactant lipids and in surface viscosity (2004)

Pulmonary surfactant biophysical properties are best described by surface tension and surface viscosity. Besides lecithin, surfactant contains a variety of minor lipids, such as plasmalogens, polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PL), and cholesterol. Plasmalogens and cholesterol improve surface properties of lipid mixtures significantly. High PUFA-PL and plasmalogen content in tracheal aspirate of preterm infants reduces the risk of developing chronic lung disease. Different preparations are available for exogenous surfactant substitution; however, little is known about lipid composition and surface viscosity. Thus lipid composition and surface properties (measured by oscillating drop surfactometer) of three commercial surfactant preparations (Alveofact, Curosurf, Survanta) were compared. Lipid composition exhibited strong differences: Survanta had the highest proportion of disaturated PL and total neutral lipids and the lowest proportion of PUFA-PL. Highest plasmalogen and PUFA-PL concentrations were found in Curosurf (3.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 26 +/- 1 mol%) compared with Alveofact (0.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 11 +/- 1) and Survanta (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 6 +/- 1). In Survanta samples, viscosity increased >8 x 10(-6) kg/s at surface tension of 30 mN/m. Curosurf showed only slightly increased surface viscosity below surface tensions of 25 mN/m, and viscosity did not reach 5 x 10(-6) kg/s. By adding defined PL to Survanta, we obtained a Curosurf-like lipid mixture (without plasmalogens) that exhibited biophysical properties like Curosurf. Different lipid compositions could explain some of the differences in surface viscosity. Therefore, PL pattern and minor surfactant lipids are important for biophysical activity and should be considered when designing synthetic surfactant preparations.
TomoJ: tomography software for three-dimensional reconstruction in transmission electron microscopy (2007)

The software presented in this work is specifically designed for electron tomography. It has been written in Java as a plug-in for ImageJ and is distributed as freeware.
SarA and not σ<sup>B</sup> is essential for biofilm development by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2003)

Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation is associated with the production of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA/PNAG), the product of the ica operon. The staphylococcal accessory regulator, SarA, is a central regulatory element that controls the production of S. aureus virulence factors. By screening a library of Tn917 insertions in a clinical S. aureus strain, we identified SarA as being essential for biofilm development. Non-polar mutations of sarA in four genetically unrelated S. aureus strains decreased PIA/PNAG production and completely impaired biofilm development, both in steady state and flow conditions via an agr-independent mechanism. Accordingly, real-time PCR showed that the mutation in the sarA gene resulted in downregulation of the ica operon transcription. We also demonstrated that complete deletion of sigmaB did not affect PIA/PNAG production and biofilm formation, although it slightly decreased ica operon transcription. Furthermore, the sarA-sigmaB double mutant showed a significant decrease of ica expression but an increase of PIA/PNAG production and biofilm formation compared to the sarA single mutant. We propose that SarA activates S. aureus development of biofilm by both enhancing the ica operon transcription and suppressing the transcription of either a protein involved in the turnover of PIA/PNAG or a repressor of its synthesis, whose expression would be sigmaB-dependent.
Evidence-based psychiatry (2001)

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Surface Modification of ZnO Nanorods with Small Organic Molecular Dyes for Polymer–Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells (2011)

ZnO nanorod arrays modified with dye molecules demonstrate specific light-harvesting and charge-collecting properties which are promising for the enhancement of the characteristic performance of hybrid solar cells based on ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene). The properties of dyes commonly used for dye-sensitized solar cells were investigated in relation to the performance of polymer–inorganic hybrid photovoltaic devices. The use of indoline dye D205, which has dipole moments directing away from the ZnO surface, was found to suppress the reverse saturation dark current density and charge recombination and to consequently lead to higher open-circuit voltage and improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 0.22% to 0.71%. Derivatized squaraine molecules were synthesized and were found to improve device performance by extending the light-harvesting range to the near-infrared region, leading to increased short-circuit current density and the highest PCE of 1.02%.
Self-Assembly of Octadecyltrichlorosilane on Graphene Oxide and the Tribological Performances of the Resultant Film (2011)

Taking advantage of the condensation between Si–OH of the hydroxylated octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and C–OH on graphene oxide (GO) surface, we grafted OTS onto the GO-based dual-layer film, which was composed of GO outerlayer and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) self-assembled underlayer, on a Si substrate. Thus, a hydrophobic trilayer film coded as APTES-GO-OTS was prepared successfully. To confirm the chemical composition, structure, and morphology of the trilayer film, various means including water contact angle measurement, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed. Moreover, to investigate the tribological performances, the micro- and macrotribological experiments were conducted with AFM and a UMT tribometer. The results showed that the as-prepared trilayer film exhibited low adhesion and greatly reduced the friction force in both the micro- and macroscale. Therefore, such a trilayer film is suitable for an application in the lubrication and protection of nano/microelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS).
Report from the Editors (2011)

Governance is broadly speaking about the regulation of publicly relevant affairs. In this respect, spatial planning is certainly apart of governance. This article explores whether spatial planning can benefit from the rich debates that have evolved around the governance concept. It provides an overview of the principal variants of the governance concept and discusses their potential implications for planning. Using a concrete planning case, the article explores whether the governance concept can help to acquire a systematic understanding of planning reality. The article concludes that spatial planning can benefit from using governance as both a conceptual reference for reflection on planning action and an analytical tool for the study of concrete planning practices. Its utility as a normative guideline for spatial planning, however, is limited.
Production and measurements of individual single-wall nanotubes and small ropes of carbon (2001)

This work focuses on the size and spatial dependence of single-wall carbon nanotubes produced by the pulsed-laser vaporization technique. The study indicates that very long (tens of microns) individual nanotubes form in the vicinity of the target, and subsequently coalesce into bundles. The role of the inner flow tube is confirmed to restrict plume expansion and improve interactions between carbon atoms resulting in nanotube and rope formation. The effect of the flowing buffer gas seems to influence the dispersion of particulate contaminant material in the nanotube product. More particulate matter is produced at lower oven temperatures.
Homemade or Ready-Mix - Which? (1948)

Grocery buying is serious business today. It's not only a question of how much each sack of groceries cost, but of how much food value goes home for the money spent. High food costs force most families to purchase only what's needed and no more.
Automatic calculation of chamfer mask coefficients for large masks and anisotropic images (2003)

Chamfer disctances are widely used in image analysis, and many ways have been investigated to compute optimal chamfer mask coefficients. Unfortunately, these methods are not systematized: they have to be conducted manually for every mask size or image anisotropy. Since image acquisistion (e.g. medical imaging) can lead to anisotropic discrete grids with unpredictable anisotropy value, automated calculation of chamfer mask coefficients becomes mandatory for efficient distance map computation. This report presentes a systematized calculation of these coefficients based on the automatic construction of chamfer masks of any size associated with a triangulation that allows to derive analytically the relative error with respect to the Euclidean distance, in any 3-D anisotropic lattice and that also allows to compute norm constraints.
Constrained Markov Decision Processes (2021)

This book provides a unified approach for the study of constrained Markov decision processes with a finite state space and unbounded costs. Unlike the single controller case considered in many other books, the author considers a single controller with several objectives, such as minimizing delays and loss, probabilities, and maximization of throughputs. It is desirable to design a controller that minimizes one cost objective, subject to inequality constraints on other cost objectives. This framework describes dynamic decision problems arising frequently in many engineering fields. A thorough overview of these applications is presented in the introduction. The book is then divided into three sections that build upon each other.
Unusual Detritylation of Tritylated Tetrazole in Sartan Molecules (2008)

Tritylated tetrazole of 2a underwent unusual detritylation under basic reaction condition during the synthesis of methyl ether of olmesartan medoxomil 1. The unusual detritylation was found to be a common feature in the case of all tetrazole containing Sartan molecules (3-7).
American Agriculture, 1899–1939: A Study of Output, Employment and Productivity. By Harold Barger and Hans H. Landsberg. [Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research, No. 42.] New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1942. Pp. xxii, 440. $3.00. (1944)

American Agriculture, 1899–1939: A Study of Output, Employment and Productivity. By Harold Barger and Hans H. Landsberg. [Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research, No. 42.] New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1942. Pp. xxii, 440. $3.00. - Volume 4 Issue 2
Cellular Microcystin Content in N-Limited <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Can Be Predicted from Growth Rate (2001)

Cell quotas of microcystin (Q(MCYST); femtomoles of MCYST per cell), protein, and chlorophyll a (Chl a), cell dry weight, and cell volume were measured over a range of growth rates in N-limited chemostat cultures of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa MASH 01-A19. There was a positive linear relationship between Q(MCYST) and specific growth rate (mu), from which we propose a generalized model that enables Q(MCYST) at any nutrient-limited growth rate to be predicted based on a single batch culture experiment. The model predicts Q(MCYST) from mu, mu(max) (maximum specific growth rate), Q(MCYSTmax) (maximum cell quota), and Q(MCYSTmin) (minimum cell quota). Under the conditions examined in this study, we predict a Q(MCYSTmax) of 0.129 fmol cell(-1) at mu(max) and a Q(MCYSTmin) of 0.050 fmol cell(-1) at mu = 0. Net MCYST production rate (R(MCYST)) asymptotes to zero at mu = 0 and reaches a maximum of 0.155 fmol cell(-1) day(-1) at mu(max). MCYST/dry weight ratio (milligrams per gram [dry weight]) increased linearly with mu, whereas the MCYST/protein ratio reached a maximum at intermediate mu. In contrast, the MCYST/Chl a ratio remained constant. Cell volume correlated negatively with mu, leading to an increase in intracellular MCYST concentration at high mu. Taken together, our results show that fast-growing cells of N-limited M. aeruginosa are smaller, are of lower mass, and have a higher intracellular MCYST quota and concentration than slow-growing cells. The data also highlight the importance of determining cell MCYST quotas, as potentially confusing interpretations can arise from determining MCYST content as a ratio to other cell components.
Heavy Metals Backgrounds in Sediments From the Sacca di Goro (NE, Italy) (2016)

A textural and geochemical characterization of sediments from the Sacca di Goro lagoon floor has been performed in order to evaluate the present day granulometric distribution and the geochemical budget with respect to literature values. 10 samples have been collected along a WE transect crosscutting the whole Sacca di Goro lagoon in order to explore the maximum lithological variability and to identify geochemical trends. Results show that the present day superficial sediment are coarser in grain size with respect to those studied in the past, in turn implying lower concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE). PTE enrichments miming those observed 20 years ago are recorded only locally, in connection with parallel increase of fine fraction and organic matter. Traces of Cu, V and Pb have been also found in the shells of farmed Manila clam (Ruditapes Philippinarum) collected within the sediment samples, suggesting PTE bioavailability and accumulation. The comparison of the results with literature data highlights that PTE contents of the Sacca di Goro lagoon deserve more frequent and systematic monitoring both for the high hydrodynamicity of this environment and for the high anthropogenic impact. The analysis of metals in Manila clam shells has a twofold purpose because it represents a further biomarker of the ecosystem, and also provide a geochemical fingerprint of the local shellfish production that could help the traceability in the market, and discrimination from shellfish produced in other area that are not properly controlled from the sanitary point of view.
Towards Audio to Scene Image Synthesis using Generative Adversarial Network (2018)

Humans can imagine a scene from a sound. We want machines to do so by using conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs). By applying the techniques including spectral norm, projection discriminator and auxiliary classifier, compared with naive conditional GAN, the model can generate images with better quality in terms of both subjective and objective evaluations. Almost three-fourth of people agree that our model have the ability to generate images related to sounds. By inputting different volumes of the same sound, our model output different scales of changes based on the volumes, showing that our model truly knows the relationship between sounds and images to some extent.
Effect of Various Dietary Arginine: Lysine Ratios on Performance, Carcass Composition and Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations of Growing-Finishing Swine (1984)

Crossbred growing-finishing pigs (112 barrows, 48 gilts) were used to determine the effect of reducing excess dietary arginine, through feedstuff variation, on performance, carcass composition and plasma amino acid concentrations. Diets contained five, four, three or two times the NRC requirement for arginine. Lysine in all diets was formulated to be equal to NRC requirements, and all diets contained at least 100% of the NRC recommendations for all other essential amino acids. Initial weight, final weight and days on test for the grower phase were 26.7 kg, 44.2 kg and 28 d, respectively. Weight gain and gain/feed were not different among treatments but feed intake showed a quadratic response during the grower phase, being highest at four times the NRC requirement for arginine. Initial weight, final weight and days on test for the finisher phase were 44.2 kg, 96.9 kg and 67 d, respectively. Weight gain during the finisher phase and for the total experiment exhibited a quadratic response, being highest for the pigs fed the intermediate arginine levels. Gain/feed for the finisher phase followed the same trend as weight gain. Feed intakes for the finisher phase and total experiment were not different among treatments. Carcass data were collected on all barrows. There were no differences in hot carcass weight or adjusted average backfat among treatments. Loin eye area and percentage of lean decreased linearly as arginine level decreased in the diet. Plasma urea, arginine and orthinine concentrations decreased linearly with decreasing dietary arginine. Plasma lysine exhibited both a quadratic and a cubic response. The data indicate that reducing excess dietary arginine had little effect on performance or carcass composition and no consistent effect on plasma lysine of growing-finishing swine.
Ewing's sarcoma: Ten-year experience with adjuvant chemotherapy (1981)

Since May 1970, 67 consecutive patients with primary (nonmetastatic) Ewing's sarcoma were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in addition to radiation therapy (RT) or surgery for the primary tumor. The first 19 patients were treated with four-drug sequential CT (T-2). The second protocol was a seven-drug induction combination CT (T-6) followed by T-2 maintenance CT; in both protocols CT was continued for 18 months. The current protocol (T-9) consists of combination CT given continuously for a period of 9 months. Of the entire group of 67 patients, 47 (70%) had axial and proximal lesions (pelvis, spine, rib, humerus, and femur) and 20 (30%) had distal lesions (forearm, leg, and foot); 53/67 (79%) are surviving free of disease 12--118 months (median 41 months) from the start of treatment. Fifteen of 23 (65%) patients with axial lesions, 19/24 (79%) patients with proximal lesions, and 19/20 (95%) patients with distal lesions are free of disease. Disease-free survivors include 28/39 (72%) male patients and 25/28 (89%) female patients. Thirty-four patients had RT, and 33 had surgery or surgery and RT, in addition to chemotherapy, for local treatment. The disease-free survival rate was 76% in the RT group and 82% in the surgery group; failure in the RT group was attributable to local recurrence in 7/34 (21%) patients. Recent experience with T-9 CT has demonstrated that CT given prior to RT or surgery can cause a great reduction in the size of the primary tumor while allowing the pathologically-eroded bone to heal prior to the initiation of RT; this also allows the high-risk patient with an axial primary (pelvis or spine) to tolerate the aggressive CT needed to prevent distant metastases. In addition to dramatically increasing survival in patients with Ewing's sarcoma, combination CT has helped achieve permanent local control. The superior survival rates for all sites of primary tumor are attributable to the early use of aggressive combination CT.
[Near infrared spectroscopy: a noninvasive optical method for monitoring cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics]. (1998)

The Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been established as a non-invasive method for monitoring the oxygenation state of human brain at the bedside. This possible by observing spectral changes in the tissue caused by presence of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin and cytochrome aa3. In this paper the technical data of the NIRS instrument and its clinical application particularly in investigation of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic has been described.
On Measuring the Iconicity of a Face (2019)

For a given identity in a face dataset, there are certain iconic images which are more representative of the subject than others. In this paper, we explore the problem of computing the iconicity of a face. The premise of the proposed approach is as follows: For an identity containing a mixture of iconic and non iconic images, if a given face cannot be successfully matched with any other face of the same identity, then the iconicity of the face image is low. Using this information, we train a Siamese Multi-Layer Perceptron network, such that each of its twins predict iconicity scores of the image feature pair, fed in as input. We observe the variation of the obtained scores with respect to covariates such as blur, yaw, pitch, roll and occlusion to demonstrate that they effectively predict the quality of the image and compare it with other existing metrics. Furthermore, we use these scores to weight features for template-based face verification and compare it with media averaging of features.
Crystal Structure of the Mixed-Stacked Salt of Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) and Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) (1987)

Abstract The crystal structure of the monoclinic form of (BEDT-TTF)(TCNQ) is determined by X-ray analysis. The donor (BEDT-TTF) and the acceptor (TCNQ) molecules are planar and form alternating stacks.
Remote chirality transfer in nucleophilic catalysis with <i>N</i>‐(4‐pyridinyl)‐<scp>L</scp>‐proline derivatives (2002)

Chiral nucleophilic catalysts 5-15 were prepared starting from L-proline. Catalysts 9 and 14 promoted acylative kinetic resolution of racemic amino alcohol derivative 16 with selectivity factors of 8.1 and 11, respectively, at ambient temperature. Since chiral elements are not present in the catalytically active pyridine ring in these catalysts, chirality transfer from the remote stereogenic center to the reactive site (N-acylpyridinium) is suggested to be responsible for the differentiation between enantiomers.
DFT Modeling of CO<sub>2</sub> Interaction with Various Aqueous Amine Structures (2014)

In this study, the interaction of CO2 with aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), ethylenediamine (EDA), guanidine, and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) was studied by using density functional theory (DFT) modeling. MEA was chosen as the benchmark system, and the reaction pathways of carbamate as well as bicarbonate formations were analyzed thoroughly in order to evaluate the performances of the amines involved in this study in terms of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. Among the materials considered, AMP was shown to be the most promising one due to its decreased product stability.