gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis in the mouse. Study on the role of complement in the heterologous phase. (1988)

The role of complement was examined in a model of antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis in the mouse, induced by intravenous injection of goat anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane serum, and characterized by early glomerular lesions and a dose-dependent albuminuria. We compared the reaction after injection of the antiserum in complement-normal B10.D2 new mice with that in congenic, congenitally C5-deficient B10.D2 old mice, and in both strains after C3 depletion by treatment with cobra venom factor. The dose-dependent albuminuria was not affected by the absence of complement activation. Also, deficiency of C3 and/or C5 had no inhibitory effect on the histologic glomerular lesions: it did not reduce the influx of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in the glomerular capillary vessels, nor prevented the eventual intravascular coagulation. We conclude that complement-independent mechanisms are involved in the development of the heterologous phase of antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis in the mouse.
Narrowband auscultatory blood pressure measurement (2002)

Auscultatory blood pressure measurement uses the presence and absence of acoustic pulses generated by an artery (i.e., Korotkoff sound), detected with a stethoscope or a sensitive microphone, to noninvasively estimate systolic and diastolic pressures. Unfortunately, in high noise situations, such as ambulatory environments or when the patient moves moderately, the current auscultatory blood pressure method is unreliable, if at all possible. Empirical evidence suggests that the pulse beneath an artery occlusion travels relatively slow compared with the speed of sound. By placing two microphones along the bicep muscle near the brachial artery under the occlusion cuff, a similar blood pressure pulse appears in the two microphones with a relative time delay. The acoustic noise, on the other hand, appears in both microphones simultaneously. The contribution of this paper is to utilize this phenomenon by filtering the microphone waveforms to create spatially narrowband information signals. With a narrowband signal, the microphone signal phasing information is adequate for distinguishing between acoustic noise and the blood pressure pulse. By choosing the microphone spacing correctly, subtraction of the two signals will enhance the information signal and cancel the noise signal. The general spacing problem is also presented.
Hierarchical Adaptive Dynamic Power Management (2005)

Dynamic power management aims at extending battery life by switching devices to lower-power modes when there is a reduced demand for service. Static power management strategies can lead to poor performance or unnecessary power consumption when there are wide variations in the rate of requests for service. This paper presents a hierarchical scheme for adaptive dynamic power management (DPM) under nonstationary service requests. As the main theoretical contribution, we model the nonstationary request process as a Markov-modulated process with a collection of modes, each corresponding to a particular stationary request process. Optimal DPM policies are precalculated offline for selected modes using standard algorithms available for stationary Markov decision processes (MDPs). The power manager then switches online among these policies to accommodate the stochastic mode-switching request dynamics using an adaptive algorithm to determine the optimal switching rule based on the observed sample path. As a target application, we present simulations of hierarchical DPM for hard disk drives where the read/write request arrivals are modeled as a Markov-modulated Poisson process. Simulation results show that the power consumption of our approach under highly nonstationary request arrivals is less than that of a previously proposed heuristic approach and is even comparable to that of the optimal policy under stationary Poisson request process with the same arrival rate as the average arrival rate of the nonstationary request process.
Mars Hematite Site: Potential for Preservation of Microfossils (2003)

Defining locations where conditions may have been favorable for life is a key objective for the exploration of Mars. Of prime importance are sites where conditions may have been favorable for the preservation of evidence of pre-biotic or biotic processes. Areas displaying significant concentrations of the mineral hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) have been identified from orbit by thermal emission spectrometry. The largest such deposit, in Sinus Meridiani, is a strong candidate landing site for one of the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, scheduled to launch in 2003. The Martian hematite site may have significance in the search for evidence of extraterrestrial life. Since iron oxides can form as aqueous mineral precipitates, the potential exists for preserving microscopic evidence of life in ecosystems that deposit iron oxides. Terrestrial hematite deposits proposed as possible analogs for the hematite sites on Mars include massive (banded) iron formations, iron oxide hydrothermal deposits, iron-rich laterites and ferricrete soils, and rock varnish. We are engaged in a systematic effort to document the evidence of life preserved in iron oxide deposits from each of these environments.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LYMPHOCYTOTOXIC ANTIBODIES CAUSING A POSITIVE CROSSMATCH IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (1989)

In a series of 123 renal transplants performed in the presence of a positive crossmatch (either peak positive-current positive or peak positive-current negative), we have analyzed the immunoglobulin class and specificity of the donor-reactive antibodies. The immunoglobulin class was determined by dithiothreitol reduction and the specificity by cytotoxicity inhibition using monomorphic antibodies specific for HLA class I, DR, and DQ antigens. There was good primary graft and regraft survival in the presence of peak positive and current positive crossmatches due to IgM non-HLA antibodies. There was also acceptable primary graft and regraft survival with peak positive-current negative crossmatches due to T and B cell IgM HLA class I antibodies, but not with IgG HLA class I antibodies. Positive B cell crossmatches due to IgM or IgG HLA antibodies were associated with good primary graft survival but poor regraft survival.
Anomalous V<sub>FB</sub> Shift in High-k Gate Stacks - Is its Origin at the Top or Bottom Interface ? - (2009)

Metal/high-k gate stack technology is now about to be in production. However, there are so many issues which have not been understood yet. VTH control is the most serious concern for high performance and low power CMOS application. In this paper, our understandings of anomalous VFB shift observed in high-k gate stacks is presented from the viewpoint of dipole formation at high-k interface.
In vivo administration of stem cell factor enhances both proliferation and maturation of murine megakaryocytes. (1995)

These data suggest that SCF participates in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and that its administration might have a role in the treatment of disorders of platelet production.
PEComas: the past, the present and the future (2007)

The perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) is a cell type constantly present in a group of tumors called PEComas. PEC expresses myogenic and melanocytic markers, such as HMB45 and actin. Recently, recurrent chromosomal alterations have been demonstrated in PEC. At present, PEComa is a widely accepted entity. In the past 10 years, the use of this term has allowed to report and describe numerous cases permitting to start highlighting the biology of this group of lesions. PEComas are related to the genetic alterations of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant genetic disease due to losses of TSC1 (9q34) or TSC2 (16p13.3) genes which seem to have a role in the regulation of the Rheb/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. There are some open questions about PEComas regarding its histogenesis, the definition of epithelioid angiomyolipoma and the identification of the histological criteria of malignancy. An innovative therapeutic trial using rapamycin is under way for tumors occurring in TSC such as renal angiomyolipoma and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Its success could provide the rationale for the use of the same drug in other lesions composed of PECs, especially in the malignant ones.
Coaxial waveguide diplexing circuit using a corrugated waveguide transition (2005)

A technique using corrugated-wall waveguide to separate the energy from two frequency bands into concentric coaxially disposed circular waveguides is discussed. The corrugation depth is chosen so that the reactance sign of the surface impedance changes between the two frequency bands. This has the effect of matching the respective field distributions fo the coaxially disposed waveguides. A unique low-pass filter added fo the coaxial waveguide supports the center conductor and further enhances the isolation between the two frequency bands.
Synthesis of bufalin (1970)

G. R. Pettit, L. E. Houghton, J. C. Knight and F. Bruschweiler, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 93 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000093
NMDA Receptor Subunits Have Differential Roles in Mediating Excitotoxic Neuronal Death Both<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i> (2007)

Well-documented experimental evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models of stroke strongly supports the critical involvement of NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in neuronal damage after stroke. Despite this, the results of clinical trials testing NMDA receptor antagonists as neuroprotectants after stroke and brain trauma have been discouraging. Here, we report that in mature cortical cultures, activation of either synaptic or extrasynaptic NR2B-containing NMDA receptors results in excitotoxicity, increasing neuronal apoptosis. In contrast, activation of either synaptic or extrasynaptic NR2A-containing NMDA receptors promotes neuronal survival and exerts a neuroprotective action against both NMDA receptor-mediated and non-NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal damage. A similar opposing action of NR2B and NR2A in mediating cell death and cell survival was also observed in an in vivo rat model of focal ischemic stroke. Moreover, we found that blocking NR2B-mediated cell death was effective in reducing infarct volume only when the receptor antagonist was given before the onset of stroke and not 4.5 h after stroke. In great contrast, activation of NR2A-mediated cell survival signaling with administration of either glycine alone or in the presence of NR2B antagonist significantly attenuated ischemic brain damage even when delivered 4.5 h after stroke onset. Together, the present work provides a molecular basis for the dual roles of NMDA receptors in promoting neuronal survival and mediating neuronal damage and suggests that selective enhancement of NR2A-containing NMDA receptor activation with glycine may constitute a promising therapy for stroke.
Relative Binding Free Energy Calculations in Drug Discovery: Recent Advances and Practical Considerations (2017)

Accurate in silico prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities has been a primary objective of structure-based drug design for decades due to the putative value it would bring to the drug discovery process. However, computational methods have historically failed to deliver value in real-world drug discovery applications due to a variety of scientific, technical, and practical challenges. Recently, a family of approaches commonly referred to as relative binding free energy (RBFE) calculations, which rely on physics-based molecular simulations and statistical mechanics, have shown promise in reliably generating accurate predictions in the context of drug discovery projects. This advance arises from accumulating developments in the underlying scientific methods (decades of research on force fields and sampling algorithms) coupled with vast increases in computational resources (graphics processing units and cloud infrastructures). Mounting evidence from retrospective validation studies, blind challenge predictions, and prospective applications suggests that RBFE simulations can now predict the affinity differences for congeneric ligands with sufficient accuracy and throughput to deliver considerable value in hit-to-lead and lead optimization efforts. Here, we present an overview of current RBFE implementations, highlighting recent advances and remaining challenges, along with examples that emphasize practical considerations for obtaining reliable RBFE results. We focus specifically on relative binding free energies because the calculations are less computationally intensive than absolute binding free energy (ABFE) calculations and map directly onto the hit-to-lead and lead optimization processes, where the prediction of relative binding energies between a reference molecule and new ideas (virtual molecules) can be used to prioritize molecules for synthesis. We describe the critical aspects of running RBFE calculations, from both theoretical and applied perspectives, using a combination of retrospective literature examples and prospective studies from drug discovery projects. This work is intended to provide a contemporary overview of the scientific, technical, and practical issues associated with running relative binding free energy simulations, with a focus on real-world drug discovery applications. We offer guidelines for improving the accuracy of RBFE simulations, especially for challenging cases, and emphasize unresolved issues that could be improved by further research in the field.
Alzheimer Disease and Its Management (2006)

Alzheimer disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the brain characterized by a slow, progressive decline in cognitive function and behavior. As the disease advances, persons with Alzheimer disease have tough time with daily usage of things like using the phone, cooking, handling money, or driving the car. The disease is more common in elder population. It is estimated that Alzheimer disease affects 15 million people worldwide and approximately 4 million Americans. The clinical features of Alzheimer disease overlaps with common signs of aging, and other types of dementia, hence the diagnosis remains difficult. The neuropathologic hallmarks of the disorder are amyloid-rich senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal degeneration. Drugs approved for treating Alzheimer disease include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Caregivers not getting adequate information about Alzheimer disease may believe that nothing can be done to manage its symptoms. Understanding the extent of Alzheimer disease related knowledge can assist disease management that result in improved disease management and reduced care costs. This article attempts to focus on some of the important recent developments in understanding and management of Alzheimer disease.
Overexpression of constitutively active <i>Arabidopsis</i> RabG3b promotes xylem development in transgenic poplars (2011)

An Arabidopsis small GTPase, RabG3b, was previously characterized as a component of autophagy and as a positive regulator for xylem development in Arabidopsis. In this work, we assessed whether RabG3b modulates xylem-associated traits in poplar in a similar way as in Arabidopsis. We generated transgenic poplars (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa) overexpressing a constitutively active form of RabG3b (RabG3bCA) and performed a range of morphological, histochemical and molecular analyses to examine xylogenesis. RabG3bCA transgenic poplars showed increased stem growth due to enhanced xylem development. Autophagic structures were observed in differentiating xyelm cells undergoing programmed cell death (PCD) in wild-type poplar, and were more abundant in RabG3bCA transgenic poplar plants and cultured cells. Xylogenic activation was also accompanied by the expression of secondary wall-, PCD- and autophagy-related genes. Collectively, our results suggest that Arabidopsis RabG3b functions to regulate xylem growth through the activation of autophagy during wood formation in Populus, as does the same in Arabidopsis.
Beneficial effects of nicotine and cigarette smoking: the real, the possible and the spurious (1996)

Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease, and is the leading cause of avoidable disease in most industrialized countries. Less well-known are possible beneficial effects, which are briefly considered in this survey. Preliminary data suggest that there may be inverse associations of smoking with uterine fibroids and endometriosis, and protective effects on hypertensive disorders and vomiting of pregnancy are likely. Smoking has consistently been found to be inversely related to the risk of endometrial cancer, but cancers of the breast and colon seem unrelated to smoking. Inverse associations with venous thrombosis and fatality after myocardial infarction are probably not causal, but indications of benefits with regard to recurrent aphthous ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and control of body weight may well reflect a genuine benefit. Evidence is growing that cigarette smoking and nicotine may prevent or ameliorate Parkinson's disease, and could do so in Alzheimer's dementia. A variety of mechanisms for potentially beneficial effects of smoking have been proposed, but three predominate: the 'anti-estrogenic effect' of smoking; alterations in prostaglandin production; and stimulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. Even established inverse associations cannot be used as a rationale for cigarette smoking. These data can be used, however, to clarify mechanisms of disease, and point to productive treatment or preventive options with more narrowly-acting interventions.
NEG (non evaporable getter) pumps for organic compounds and water removal in EUVL tools (2008)

One of present EUVL challenges is to reduce as much as possible the organic compounds and water partial pressures during the lithographic process. These gases can in fact interact with sensitive surfaces and, in the presence of EUV radiation, decompose to generate carbon-based films and oxides, which are detrimental to the optics, reducing its performance, lifetime and significantly increasing the equipment total cost of ownership. With this respect, use of Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) pumps seems particularly attractive. Getter pumps are very clean, vibration-free, compact, able to deliver large pumping speed for all active gases, including water and hydrogen. In the present paper, we report for the first time the results of specific tests aimed at measuring the pumping speed for some selected organic compounds, namely toluene and decane (n-decane). The study shows that getter pumps can effectively sorb these large organic molecules with high speed and capacity. Speed and capacity increases when operating the getter cartridge at moderate temperature (e.g. 150-200°C), however remarkable sorption is achieved, even at room temperature, without any power applied. When coupled with turbo-molecular pumps NEG pumps have therefore the potential to improve the ultimate vacuum and mitigate the carbon/oxygen contamination in a UHV lithographic system.
Feasibility Study of Slug Test in Unsaturated Mine Tailings Pile of the Imgi Abandoned Mine in Busan (2007)

The slug test by adding water to well and measuring falling head was conducted to investigate the hydrogeological property of unsaturated or partially saturated mine tailings in the Imgi abandoned mine in Busan. In case that wells were installed with a full screen through two layers with different hydraulic properties, Bouwer and Rice method was useful to estimate the hydraulic conductivity and the depth of mine tailings. In particular, when groundwater dried out in the dry season, the slug test performed by adding water into well to form artificial water table and then conducting falling head test produced the reasonable hydraulic conductivity values. The slug test using falling head test can be an alternative to investigate the hydrogeological property of abandoned mine tailings.
AtCOX17, an Arabidopsis Homolog of the Yeast Copper Chaperone COX17 (2002)

We have identified a new plant gene, AtCOX17, encoding a protein that shares sequence similarity to COX17, a Cu-binding protein from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and vertebrates that mediates the delivery of Cu to the mitochondria for the assembly of a functional cytochrome oxidase complex. The newly characterized Arabidopsis protein has six Cys residues at positions corresponding to those known to coordinate Cu binding in the yeast homolog. Moreover, we show that the Arabidopsis COX17 cDNA complements a COX17 mutant of yeast restoring the respiratory deficiency associated with that mutation. These two lines of evidence indicate that the plant protein identified here is a functional equivalent of yeast COX17 and might serve as a Cu delivery protein for the plant mitochondria. COX17 was identified by investigating the hypersensitive response-like necrotic response provoked in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves after harpin inoculation. AtCOX17 expression was activated by high concentrations of Cu, bacterial inoculation, salicylic acid treatment, and treatments that generated NO and hydrogen peroxide. All of the conditions inducing COX17 are known to inhibit mitochondrial respiration and to produce an increase of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that gene induction occurs in response to stress situations that interfere with mitochondrial function.
Mobile Devices and Mobile Data-Issues of Identity and Reference (2001)

As we begin to develop architectures to guide the engineering of context-aware computing systems, we will need to apply significantly more precision to the notion of "context" than is afforded by common usage of this term. In this essay, I identify three distinct realms of contextual reference. First, the physical context allows us to imbue our machines with a sense of "place" in the most literal sense of that term. Second, the device context concerns the relations among information processing systems as such. Finally, computing systems have an information context. The study of information contexts is the province of the discipline of Information Architecture, which we may define as the design of information entities abstracted from the machines that process them. Although these topics raise diverse issues, they arguably all share a need for a uniform basis for dealing with matters of identity and naming. The first step in developing such a basis is the adoption of a uniform scheme for universally unique identifiers, both for identifying digital objects and for referring to physical phenomena.
EVALUATION OF EROSION WEAR OF A CERAMIC COATING WITH TAGUCHI APPROACH (2009)

Solid particle erosion is a complex surface damage process influenced by a number of control parameters that collectively determine the erosion rate. The present piece of work investigates the significant process parameters which affect the solid particle erosion wear behaviour of fly ash – quartz coatings, using Taguchi analysis technique. It is found that the impact angle is the most powerful influencing factor for the erosion wear of the coatings. Further, when erosive wear behavior of the coating was investigated at three impact angles (i.e. at 30 0 , 60 0 , 90 0 ), revealed that maximum erosion takes place at 90 0 impact angle .