gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical microbiology of coryneform bacteria (1997)

Coryneform bacteria are aerobically growing, asporogenous, non-partially-acid-fast, gram-positive rods of irregular morphology. Within the last few years, there has been a massive increase in the number of publications related to all aspects of their clinical microbiology. Clinical microbiologists are often confronted with making identifications within this heterogeneous group as well as with considerations of the clinical significance of such isolates. This review provides comprehensive information on the identification of coryneform bacteria and outlines recent changes in taxonomy. The following genera are covered: Corynebacterium, Turicella, Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Dermabacter. Propionibacterium, Rothia, Exiguobacterium, Oerskovia, Cellulomonas, Sanguibacter, Microbacterium, Aureobacterium, "Corynebacterium aquaticum," Arcanobacterium, and Actinomyces. Case reports claiming disease associations of coryneform bacteria are critically reviewed. Minimal microbiological requirements for publications on disease associations of coryneform bacteria are proposed.
Active and adaptive optical components: the technology and future trends (1992)

Though the exact origins of active and adaptive optics are unknown, recent history can be traced by the development of components. Earnest development of active and adaptive optical components began in the early 1970s with two areas of emphasis: (1) compensated imaging and (2) laser beam propagation. Typical for defense driven research and development programs, much of the evolutionary successes and pitfalls will forever remain undisclosed. Recent declassification of adaptive optics technology including laser guide star use has opened the way for exploitation by astronomers and others of the component development. It is the sole purpose of this paper to show those that would be users that the technology is mature.
HOMOGENEOUS TRIMETHYLSILYLATION OF CELLULOSE IN THE DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE-PARAFORMALDEHYDE SOLVENT SYSTEM (1979)

The homogeneous silylation of dissolved cellulose in a PF-DMSO system is investigated and some physical properties of the products are examined. Although the trimethylsilyl derivatives of cellulose have been prepared under heterogeneous conditions only after prolonged reaction times at high temperatures, such as 7 hrs at 150-160°C, the homogeneous silylation of pre-methylolated cellulose at room temperature goes essentially to maximum substitution within 15min. In analogy with the general case of the heterogeneous silylation of cellulose, persilylation of cellulose or methylol cellulose does not occur under these homogeneous reaction conditions; at the most 80% of the hydroxyl protons are replaced by trimethylsilyl groups. The reaction product obtained is (cellulose oligo-oxymethylene ether) trimethylsilyl ether (CSME) in which the chain length of the pendant oligo-oxymethylene is dependent on the conditions of dissolution of cellulose in the PF-DMSO system. The reaction products are characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. Although the trimethylsilyl cellulose is soluble only in aromatic and chlorinated solvents, CSME is soluble not only in these solvents but also in esters and ketones. The solubility of CSME in organic solvents is enhanced with an increase in the chain length of the pendant oligo-oxymethylene introduced. The thermal properties of the polymer also change with the introduction of the pendant oligo-oxymethylene. By selecting the conditions of dissolution of cellulose in a PF-DMSO system, silylated cellulose derivatives with desirable Tg and Tm can be obtained.
Patterning Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold. Green Materials Chemistry in the Teaching Laboratory (2004)

Convenient laboratory exercises that demonstrate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) chemistry and organic thin-film patterning as examples of the applications of organic chemistry in materials chemistry and nanoscience are described. Students explore the properties of alkanethiol monolayers assembled on easily prepared, readily available, and inexpensive gold films on vinyl. Microcontact printing and ozone patterning are presented as two means of patterning monolayer films. The technological applications of these patterning methods in micro- and nanoelectronics are discussed. Students visualize these patterns by observing how water vapor condenses on patterns composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. In addition to illustrating materials chemistry concepts, this laboratory exercise introduces a number of important green chemistry concepts. Specifically, the advantages of self-assembly methods and the benefits of using a monolayer in place of a thicker polymer film are described to show how green chemistry can be applied to the chemistry of materials.
Modeling and Control of Single Turbocharger with High Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The regulation of NOx emission from a diesel engine is becoming stricter by the environmental agency and furthermore, EGR has been adopted to reduce NOx emission. Air flow control of a diesel engine combined with turbocharger and EGR is complicated because turbocharger and EGR are coupled physically. This paper examines the design of a model based control structure for diesel engine with a turbocharger and EGR. Model based control provides desirable control strategies from the physical analysis of an engine model. Air fraction and exhaust manifold pressure target based control simulation was conducted in this research. Engine is highly nonlinear and susceptible to uncertainties. To overcome this problem, a robust controller was designed by using a sliding mode control method.</div></div>
A self-test system architecture for reconfigurable WSI (2003)

Progress in wafer scale integration (WSI) has brought the problem of electronic system testing into the semiconductor manufacturing arena. The problem is complicated by the reduced controllability and observability implicit at the full wafer integration level. Structured methods must be employed to generate and apply tests in a hierarchical fashion at the function, chip, and system levels. The author describes a methodology which addresses these problems for both the manufacturing and field test environments. A uniform testing interface is defined for each functional chip (cell), with built-in self-test incorporated whenever possible on all new designs. Use of a standard interface will reduce test complexity and costs by allowing entire wafer probing by a common standardized probe card, irrespective of the number of different species of functional cells. Details are provided for the function (cell-), chip-, and wafer-level testing standards, as well as for the procedures to be followed at wafer level restructuring and testing. The proposed methods will allow current generation wafer restructuring methods to be applied to the next generation of WSI designs, which will require numerous cell types and increasing on-wafer complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with oral type II collagen: Results of a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (1998)

Positive effects were observed with CII at the lowest dosage tested, and the presence of serum antibodies to CII at baseline may predict response to therapy. No side effects were associated with this novel therapeutic agent. Further controlled studies are required to assess the efficacy of this treatment approach.
Relationship between Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Exposure and Drug Resistance Amplification in a Hollow-Fiber Infection Model (2013)

In an era of rapidly emerging antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, it is critical to understand the importance of the relationships among drug exposure, duration of therapy, and selection of drug resistance. Herein we describe the results of studies designed to determine the ceftolozane-tazobactam exposure necessary to prevent the amplification of drug-resistant bacterial subpopulations in a hollow-fiber infection model. The challenge isolate was a CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli isolate genetically engineered to transcribe a moderate level of blaCTX-M-15. This organism's blaCTX-M-15 transcription level was confirmed by relative quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), β-lactamase hydrolytic assays, and a ceftolozane MIC value of 16 mg/liter. In these studies, the experimental duration (10 days), ceftolozane-tazobactam dose ratio (2:1), and dosing interval (every 8 h) were selected to approximate those expected to be used clinically. The ceftolozane-tazobactam doses studied ranged from 125-62.5 to 1,500-750 mg. Negative- and positive-control arms included no treatment and piperacillin-tazobactam at 4.5 g every 6 h, respectively. An inverted-U-shaped function best described the relationship between bacterial drug resistance amplification and drug exposure. The least- and most-intensive ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens, i.e., 125-62.5, 750-375, 1,000-500, and 1,500-750 mg, did not amplify drug resistance, while drug resistance amplification was observed with intermediate-intensity dosing regimens (250-125 and 500-250 mg). For the intermediate-intensity ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens, the drug-resistant subpopulation became the dominant population by days 4 to 6. The more-intensive ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens (750-375, 1,000-500, and 1,500-750 mg) not only prevented drug resistance amplification but also virtually sterilized the model system. These data support the selection of ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens that minimize the potential for on-therapy drug resistance amplification.
<title>Use of laser diodes for control of uranium vaporization rates</title> (1994)

Within the atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) program we have successfully used the laser absorption spectroscopy technique (LAS) to diagnose process physics performance and control vaporization rate. In the LAS technique, a narrow-line-width laser is tuned to an absorption line of the species to be measured. The laser light that is propagated through the sample is measured, and from this data the density of the species can be calculated. These laser systems have almost exclusively consisted of expensive, cumbersome, and difficult-to- maintain argon-ion-pumped ring dye lasers. While the wavelength flexibility of dye lasers is very useful in a laboratory environment, these laser systems are not well suited for the industrial process control system under development for an AVLIS plant. Diode lasers offer lower system costs, reduced manpower requirements, reduced space requirements, higher system availability, and improved operator safety. We report the successful deployment and test of a prototype laser-diode-based uranium vapor rate control system. Diode-laser-generated LAS data was used to control the uranium vaporization rate in a hands-off mode for greater than 50 hours. With one minor adjustment, the system successfully controlled the vaporization rate for greater than 147 hours. We report excellent agreement with ring dye laser diagnostics and uranium weigh-back measurements.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Method of calibrating gel permeation chromatography with whole polymers (1967)

Abstract Column systems for gel permeation chromatography are usually calibrated by eluting a series of sharp polymer fractions of known molecular weights and by correlating their elution volumes with molecular size or weight. A different method for calibration is proposed in which only one polymer sample, with a broad, well‐characterized molecular weight distribution, is used. The cumulative distribution and the integrated, normalized GPC chromatogram are successively superimposed, and molecular weights and corresponding elution volumes are correlated. It is found that calibration curves obtained in this manner show a definite curvature. A possible explanation and correction for this behavior is given, based on the concentration dependence of elution volumes.
Regulation of arterial diameter and wall [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] in cerebral arteries of rat by membrane potential and intravascular pressure (1998)

1. The regulation of intracellular [Ca2+] in the smooth muscle cells in the wall of small pressurized cerebral arteries (100-200 micron) of rat was studied using simultaneous digital fluorescence video imaging of arterial diameter and wall [Ca2+], combined with microelectrode measurements of arterial membrane potential. 2. Elevation of intravascular pressure (from 10 to 100 mmHg) caused a membrane depolarization from -63 +/- 1 to -36 +/- 2 mV, increased arterial wall [Ca2+] from 119 +/- 10 to 245 +/- 9 nM, and constricted the arteries from 208 +/- 10 micron (fully dilated, Ca2+ free) to 116 +/- 7 micron or by 45 % ('myogenic tone'). 3. Pressure-induced increases in arterial wall [Ca2+] and vasoconstriction were blocked by inhibitors of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (diltiazem and nisoldipine) or to the same extent by removal of external Ca2+. 4. At a steady pressure (i.e. under isobaric conditions at 60 mmHg), the membrane potential was stable at -45 +/- 1 mV, intracellular [Ca2+] was 190 +/- 10 nM, and arteries were constricted by 41 % (to 115 +/- 7 micron from 196 +/- 8 micron fully dilated). Under this condition of -45 +/- 5 mV at 60 mmHg, the voltage sensitivity of wall [Ca2+] and diameter were 7.5 nM mV-1 and 7.5 micron mV-1, respectively, resulting in a Ca2+ sensitivity of diameter of 1 mum nM-1. 5. Membrane potential depolarization from -58 to -23 mV caused pressurized arteries (to 60 mmHg) to constrict over their entire working range, i.e. from maximally dilated to constricted. This depolarization was associated with an elevation of arterial wall [Ca2+] from 124 +/- 7 to 347 +/- 12 nM. These increases in arterial wall [Ca2+] and vasoconstriction were blocked by L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel inhibitors. 6. The relationship between arterial wall [Ca2+] and membrane potential was not significantly different under isobaric (60 mmHg) and non-isobaric conditions (10-100 mmHg), suggesting that intravascular pressure regulates arterial wall [Ca2+] through changes in membrane potential. 7. The results are consistent with the idea that intravascular pressure causes membrane potential depolarization, which opens voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, acting as 'voltage sensors', thus increasing Ca2+ entry and arterial wall [Ca2+], which leads to vasoconstriction.
GeneTools – application for functional annotation and statistical hypothesis testing (2006)

GeneTools is the first "all in one" annotation tool, providing users with a rapid extraction of highly relevant gene annotation data for e.g. thousands of genes or clones at once. It allows a user to define and archive new GO annotations and it supports hypothesis testing related to GO category representations. GeneTools is freely available through www.genetools.no
Remote key establishment by random mode mixing in multimode fibers and optical reciprocity (2019)

Disorder and scattering in photonic systems have long been considered a nuisance that should be circumvented. Recently, disorder has been harnessed for a rapidly growing number of applications, including imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy. The chaotic dynamics and extreme sensitivity to external perturbations make random media particularly well-suited for optical cryptography. However, using random media for distribution of secret keys between remote users still remains challenging since it requires the users have access to the same scattering sample. Here, we utilize random mode mixing in long multimode fibers to generate and distribute keys simultaneously. Fast fluctuations in fiber mode mixing provide the source of randomness for key generation, and optical reciprocity guarantees that the keys at the two ends of the fiber are identical. We experimentally demonstrate the scheme using classical light and off-the-shelf components, opening the door for a practically secure key establishment at the physical layer of fiber-optic networks.
Antigen-specific and persistent tuberculin anergy in a cohort of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from rural Cambodia (2002)

Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin testing is used to identify persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and to assess cell-mediated immune responses to Mtb. However, lack of skin induration to intradermal injection of PPD or PPD anergy is observed in a subset of patients with active tuberculosis (TB). To investigate the sensitivity and persistence of PPD reactivity and its in vitro correlates during active TB disease and after successful chemotherapy, we evaluated the distribution of skin size induration after intradermal injection of PPD among 364 pulmonary TB patients in Cambodia. A subset of 25 pulmonary TB patients who had a positive skin reaction to mumps and/or candida antigens showed persistent anergy to PPD after successful completion of TB therapy. Strikingly, in vitro stimulation of T cells from persistently anergic TB patients with mumps but not PPD resulted in T cell proliferation, and lower levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma and higher levels of IL-10 were detected in PPD-stimulated cellular cultures from PPD-anergic as compared with PPD-reactive pulmonary TB patients. These results show that anergy to PPD is antigen-specific and persistent in a subset of immunocompetent pulmonary TB patients and is characterized by antigen-specific impaired T cell proliferative responses and a distinct pattern of cytokine production including reduced levels of IL-2.
Rapid communication: the ovine cDNA encoding interferon-stimulated gene product 17 (ISG17). (2000)

Journal Article Rapid communication: the ovine cDNA encoding interferon-stimulated gene product 17 (ISG17) Get access A. M. Nighswonger, A. M. Nighswonger *Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. J. Austin, K. J. Austin *Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. D. Ealy, A. D. Ealy †Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. S. Han, C. S. Han †Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. R. Hansen T. R. Hansen *Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071, USA 2Correspondence: 112 Animal Science/Molecular Biology Bldg; P.O. Box 3684 (phone: 307-766-3967; fax: 307-766-2355; E-mail: thansen@uwyo.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 78, Issue 5, May 2000, Pages 1393–1394, https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.7851393x Published: 01 May 2000 Article history Received: 23 July 1999 Accepted: 16 November 1999 Published: 01 May 2000
Cloaker: Hardware Supported Rootkit Concealment (2008)

Rootkits are used by malicious attackers who desire to run software on a compromised machine without being detected. They have become stealthier over the years as a consequence of the ongoing struggle between attackers and system defenders. In order to explore the next step in rootkit evolution and to build strong defenses, we look at this issue from the point of view of an attacker. We construct Cloaker, a proof-of-concept rootkit for the ARM platform that is non- persistent and only relies on hardware state modifications for concealment and operation. A primary goal in the design of Cloaker is to not alter any part of the host operating system (OS) code or data, thereby achieving immunity to all existing rootkit detection techniques which perform integrity, behavior and signature checks of the host OS. Cloaker also demonstrates that a self-contained execution environment for malicious code can be provided without relying on the host OS for any services. Integrity checks of hardware state in each of the machine's devices are required in order to detect rootkits such as Cloaker. We present a framework for the Linux kernel that incorporates integrity checks of hardware state performed by device drivers in order to counter the threat posed by rootkits such as Cloaker.
Supercapacitors Based on Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Graphene Aerogels with Periodic Macropores (2016)

Graphene is an atomically thin, two-dimensional (2D) carbon material that offers a unique combination of low density, exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability, large surface area, and excellent electrical conductivity. Recent progress has resulted in macro-assemblies of graphene, such as bulk graphene aerogels for a variety of applications. However, these three-dimensional (3D) graphenes exhibit physicochemical property attenuation compared to their 2D building blocks because of one-fold composition and tortuous, stochastic porous networks. These limitations can be offset by developing a graphene composite material with an engineered porous architecture. Here, we report the fabrication of 3D periodic graphene composite aerogel microlattices for supercapacitor applications, via a 3D printing technique known as direct-ink writing. The key factor in developing these novel aerogels is creating an extrudable graphene oxide-based composite ink and modifying the 3D printing method to accommodate aerogel processing. The 3D-printed graphene composite aerogel (3D-GCA) electrodes are lightweight, highly conductive, and exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. In particular, the supercapacitors using these 3D-GCA electrodes with thicknesses on the order of millimeters display exceptional capacitive retention (ca. 90% from 0.5 to 10 A·g(-1)) and power densities (>4 kW·kg(-1)) that equal or exceed those of reported devices made with electrodes 10-100 times thinner. This work provides an example of how 3D-printed materials, such as graphene aerogels, can significantly expand the design space for fabricating high-performance and fully integrable energy storage devices optimized for a broad range of applications.