gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hooked on Safety: Using Public Health Methods to Prevent Accidents in Alaska (2006)

Occupational safety is more than just regulations, colorful signs about workplace dangers, and annual hazard training. Alaska is a prime testing ground for new ways to approach occupational safety. In the past, Alaska had the highest occupational fatality rate in the nation. Confronted with the high occupational fatality rate, and aware of the opportunities that Alaska provided for pioneering new ways to approach occupational health and safety, the U.S.A�Â National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) opened a field station in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1991. Commercial fishing is one of the most dangerous occupations. The Alaska NIOSH station has used public health methods to help reduce fishing accidents and fatalities.
Survey of anti-directional-twin-rotary motor drive characteristics for electric vehicles (2002)

A new power train for electrical vehicles is proposed, using anti-directional-twin-rotary motor (ADTR-motor). A stator in a conventional motor was reformed to be movable, and the stator (outer rotor) rotate in the antidirection of the inner rotor. In this paper several characteristics of an induction motor type ADTR-motor were reported. When the ADTR-motor is used for an electrical vehicle, the direction of one of the rotors should be reversed, and both rotors rotate in the same direction, and propel the two wheels of electrical vehicles. The torque of the wheels can be balanced without a differential gear. The fundamental torque balancing characteristics of ADTR-motor are clarified, which are the torque balance theory, the torque-speed characteristics, the rotor speed transient characteristics, the transient torque response under the speed sensor-less torque control, and the very low sensorless speed estimation.
Changes in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance do not predict microvascular structure during treatment of mild essential hypertension (2012)

Background: Essential hypertension is characterized by small artery remodeling and increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR). We hypothesized that changes in SVR index (SVRI) were associated with measures of small artery structure as reflected by minimum coronary and forearm vascular resistance (C-Rmin and F-Rmin, respectively). Also, we investigated how F-Rmin is related to C-Rmin, coronary flow reserve (CFR), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and blood pressure (BP). Method: Sixty-six never-treated patients with uncomplicated mild essential hypertension had the following measured at baseline: 24-h blood BP, LVMI, CFR and C-Rmin (echocardiography), F-Rmin (forearm plethysmography) and SVRI determined by a gas re-breathing method. After 6 months of antihypertensive therapy administered by the general practitioner, the patients returned for follow-up measurements. Results: Changes in SVRI did not correlate to changes in F-Rmin (r = 0.001, P = 0.98) or C-Rmin (r = 0.13, P = 0.39) but did correlate to changes in CFR (r = 0.30, P = 0.04). Further analysis was performed by assigning the patients into two groups according to the median of drop in F-Rmin. When adjusted in a multivariate model, changes in F-Rmin (−8.1 ± 3.2%) were significantly associated with changes in C-Rmin (−9.3 ± 4.9%) and LVMI (−6.9 ± 1.7%) (P < 0.01), but not to either 24-h BP, SVRI or CFR. Conclusion: The results show that changes in neither BP nor SVRI reflected changes in minimum vascular resistance. However, changes in the forearm and coronary microcirculation occurred in parallel. Moreover, we demonstrated that neither BP nor SVRI reduction can predict changes in microvascular structure in hypertension. Thus, direct measurements of microvascular structure are needed to determine whether improvement is obtained.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 1<i>H</i>-2, 3-Benzoxazine Derivatives (2002)

種々の1H-2,3-ベンゾオキサジン誘導体を合成し, 畑地雑草に対する除草活性と作物への選択性を評価した. その結果, ベンゾオキサジン環の4位に3-クロロ-4-フルオロフェニル基または3-ブロモ-4-フルオロフェニル基が置換した場合, 高い除草活性を示した. ベンゾオキサジン誘導体を処理した雑草は, 強い白化症状を呈した. 合成した誘導体の中で, 4-(3-クロロ-4-フルオロフェニル)-1H-2,3-ベンゾオキサジン (23) および4-(3-ブロモ-4-フルオロフェニル)-6-フルオロ-1H-2,3-ベンゾオキサジン (34) は, 1.0kg a. i./haの土壌処理においてイヌビエおよびメヒシバに対して高い除草活性を有するとともにダイズに選択性を示した.
Expansins: proteins that promote cell wall loosening in plants. (1994)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Rapid Prototyping System을 위한 형상정보 변환절차 (1992)

The concept of rapid prototyping intended for a significant reduction in cost and lead time becomes even more practical with the recent development of various equipments to make the concept concrete. For the purpose of real application of commercially available SLA(stereolithography apparatus), this paper is intended to develop the standard conversion procedure from CAD data to the input data for SLA. While the procedure presented in this paper is based on CAD system CATIA and SLA of 3D systems, Inc., which are being used in authors' company DAEWOO Motor Co., Ltd., the basic concept of this paper can be applied to any other CAD systems and machines of using stereolithography process. The algorithm presented in this paper is classified into two stages-node sampling and triangulation. First of all, point data are sampled through the node sampling procedure, and then these are triangulated so that the input data for SLA operation is finally generated. The suggested method is devised in a way to meet the input requirements of SLA and more importantly consume less computation time and generate less number of input data for SLA.
A Service Protection Mechanism Impelemented on P4 by Packet Replication (2021)

The traditional Internet uses the best-effort method to deliver, so there are problems with high packet loss rate, low throughput and large jitter. The emergence of Deterministic Networking has brought new ideas to alleviate these problems. This paper proposes a service protection mechanism based on the p4 platform to alleviate the problems of packet loss and jitter in the communication process. This mechanism transmits packets through different paths, and the receiver will judge and eliminate duplicate packets after receiving the packets, thereby realizing rapid fault switching. Packets are replicated and eliminated separately in the data plane, which can also effectively prevent loops and disorder. This solution not only fulfills the requirement of reliable delivery of packets in service protection of Deterministic Networking, but also supplements the application of P4 language in network service reliability. The performance test compared the traditional single-path forwarding scheme, and the packet loss rate was reduced by 16%, which improved the reliability of network services. At the same time, in the case of relatively large background traffic, the service protection mechanism scheme has relatively stable throughput, average delay and jitter performance compared with the minimum hop single path scheme.
Alkanediyl-.alpha.,.omega.-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) Surfactants. 4. Ultrasonic Absorption Studies of Amphiphile Exchange between Micelles and Bulk Phase in Aqueous Micellar Solution (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkanediyl-.alpha.,.omega.-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) Surfactants. 4. Ultrasonic Absorption Studies of Amphiphile Exchange between Micelles and Bulk Phase in Aqueous Micellar SolutionM. Frindi, B. Michels, H. Levy, and R. ZanaCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 4, 1140–1145Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00016a028https://doi.org/10.1021/la00016a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views653Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on motor cortex excitability in writer's cramp: Neurophysiological and clinical correlations (2006)

We recently reported that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied over forearm flexor muscles, a paradigm producing in physiological conditions transient changes in corticomotoneuronal excitability of forearm muscles, may improve motor symptoms in writer's cramp (WC). In the present study, we explored the possibility that one or repeated sessions of TENS might have beneficial effects on handwriting in WC by remodulating cortical excitability of forearm agonist and antagonist muscles. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left motor cortex were recorded from the right flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles, before and after 1 and 15 sessions of TENS applied over flexor muscles in patients and in a control group. One session of TENS induced a significant smaller reduction of MEPs from the FCR and a smaller increase of the MEPs from the ECR in patients than in normal subjects. In WC, repeated sessions of TENS had the effect to decrease MEP amplitude in the FCR and to increase it in the ECR. This modulation was paralleled by a handwriting improvement. In conclusion, repeated TENS sessions may have the effect to re-modulate excitability of the motor cortex in WC and this modulation might partially play a role in temporarily improving the handwriting.
CL: a flexible and efficient tool for constructing knowledge-based expert systems (1989)

A description is given of CL, the conceptual network-based language, which is a Lisp-based tool kit to assist knowledge engineers in customizing a general framework into an optimal one for a specific domain and achieving high runtime performance with user-defined control strategies. The design objectives embodied in CL are discussed, and its extensibility and domain language primitives are examined. It is shown how the use of CL can improve runtime performance. Experience with CL and its current status are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Sheets Aiming for Clinical Application (2014)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes severe visual impairment due in part to age-dependent impairment of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It has been suggested that autologous human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) may represent a useful cell source for the generation of graft RPE. We generated hiPSC-derived RPE (hiPSC-RPE) cell sheets optimized to meet clinical use requirements, including quality, quantity, consistency, and safety. These cell sheets are generated as a monolayer of cells without any artificial scaffolds, express typical RPE markers, form tight junctions that exhibit polarized secretion of growth factors, and show phagocytotic ability and gene-expression patterns similar to those of native RPE. Additionally, upon transplantation, autologous nonhuman primate iPSC-RPE cell sheets showed no immune rejection or tumor formation. These results suggest that autologous hiPSC-RPE cell sheets may serve as a useful form of graft for use in tissue replacement therapy for AMD.
Multiple congenital anomalies, thymic dysplasia, severe congenital heart disease, and oligosyndactyly with a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 (1981)

A female infant was born at term with congenital anomalies and a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. The anomalies included thymic dysplasia and lymphocyte-depleted nodes of the type seen in combined immune deficiency; atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonary valve atresia, and anomalous pulmonary-bronchial communication through the lungs; and shortness of forearms with syndactyly of fingers. A review indicates that the association of cardiac lesions, thymic dysplasia, oligosyndactyly and deletion of chromosome 5p is unique.
Identifing reservoir fluid properties in Daniudi Paleozoic gas field by fuzzy clustering analysis method (2012)

The sandstone reservoir in Daniudi Paleozoic gas field in Ordos Basin belongs to low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. It is very difficulty to recognize reservoir fluid properties using well logs. In order to improve the accuracy of the identification of reservoir fluid properties, according to the actual geological conditions of reservoirs, four characteristic parameters of the reservoir fluid properties are extracted. Four parameters are porosity, water saturation, the ratio of formation resistivity and the resistivity calculated by acoustic log. The reservoir fluid properties had been automatically identified by Fuzzy Clustering Analysis (TATAL FUZZY ISODATA-TFI) method. The actual data processing results show that the application effect is better and coincidence rate is more than 85%.
Isolation of a <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. Which Utilizes the Phosphonate Herbicide Glyphosate (1983)

A strain of bacteria has been isolated which rapidly and efficiently utilizes the herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) as its sole phosphorus source in a synthetic medium. The strain (PG2982) was isolated by subculturing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 in a synthetic broth medium containing glyphosate as the sole phosphorus source. Strain PG2982 differs from the culture of P. aeruginosa in that it is nonflagellated, does not produce pyocyanin, and has an absolute requirement for thiamine. Strain PG2982 has been tentatively identified as a Pseudomonas sp. strain by its biochemical activities and moles percent guanine plus cytosine. Measurements of glyphosate with an amino acid analyzer show that glyphosate rapidly disappears from the medium during exponential growth of strain PG2982. In batch culture at 30 degrees C, this isolate completely utilized 1.0 mM glyphosate in 96 h and yielded a cell density equal to that obtained with 1.0 mM phosphate as the phosphorus source. However, a longer lag phase and greater generation time were noted in the glyphosate-containing medium. Strain PG2982 can efficiently utilize glyphosate as an alternate phosphorus source.
Well-Defined N-Heterocyclic Carbenes−Palladium(II) Precatalysts for Cross-Coupling Reactions (2008)

Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, notably those permitting C-C bond formation, have witnessed a meteoritic development and are now routinely employed as a powerful synthetic tool both in academia and in industry. In this context, palladium is arguably the most studied transition metal, and tertiary phosphines occupy a preponderant place as ancillary ligands. Seriously challenging this situation, the use of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as alternative ligands in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is rapidly gaining in popularity. These two-electron donor ligands combine strong sigma-donating properties with a shielding steric pattern that allows for both stabilization of the metal center and enhancement of its catalytic activity. As a result, the number of well-defined NHC-containing palladium(II) complexes is growing, and their use in coupling reactions is witnessing increasing interest. In this Account, we highlight the advantages of this family of palladium complexes and review their synthesis and applications in cross-coupling chemistry. They generally exhibit high stability, allowing for indefinite storage and easy handling. The use of well-defined complexes permits a strict control of the Pd/ligand ratio (optimally 1/1), avoiding the use of excess costly ligand that usually requires end-game removal. Furthermore, it partly removes the "black box" character often associated with cross-coupling chemistry and catalyst formation. In the present Account, four main classes of NHC-containing palladium(II) complexes will be presented: palladium dimers with bridging halogens, palladacycles, palladium acetates and acetylacetonates, and finally pi-allyl complexes. These additional ligands are best described as a protecting shell that will be discarded going from the palladium(II) precatalyst to the palladium(0) true catalyst. The synthesis of all these precatalysts generally requires simple and short synthetic procedures. Their catalytic activity in different cross-coupling reactions is discussed and put into context. Remarkably, some NHC-containing catalytic systems can achieve extremely challenging coupling reactions such as the formation of tetra-ortho-biphenyl compounds and perform reactions at very low loadings of palladium (ppm levels). The chemistry described here, combining fundamental organometallic, catalysis, and pure organic methodology, remains rich in opportunities considering that only a handful of palladium(II) architectures have been studied. Hence, en route to an "ideal catalyst", [(NHC)Pd(II)] compounds exhibit remarkable stability and allow for fine-tuning of the NHC and of surrounding ligands in order to control the activation and the catalytic activity. Finally, unlike [Pd(PPh(3))(4)], [(NHC)Pd(II)] compounds have so far been examined only in palladium-mediated reactions (most often cross-coupling such as the Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck reactions), leaving a treasure trove of exciting discoveries to come.
Focusing in Prestack Isochrone Migration Using Instantaneous Slowness Information (1999)

Prestack migration finds increasing application in processing crustal seismic data. However, less effort has been made to incorporate slowness information in the imaging process. The combination of slowness information with migration leads to an improved image in the depth domain, especially by reducing migration artefacts and noise. A slowness-driven isochrone migration scheme is introduced for migration of 2-D seismic data. Instantaneous slowness information p(x,t) is extracted from the data using correlation analysis in moving time and space windows. Slowness values resulting from spatial coherent energy (signal) and incoherent background noise are distinguished by the simultaneous evaluation of an instantaneous coherence criterion g(x,t). In slowness-driven isochrone migration this information is used for locally weighting the amplitude A(x,t) smearing on the isochrone surface. In particular, slowness p and coherence criterion g determine position and sharpness of a Gaussian weighting function. The method is demonstrated using two synthetic data examples and is subsequently applied to two deep crustal data sets, one wide-angle (along DEKORP4) and one steep-angle reflection seismic observation (KTB8506). Both data sets were collected in the surroundings of the KTB drill site, Oberpfalz, as part of the German DEKORP project.
Human T Cells Specifically Activated Against Autologous Malignant Melanoma (1987)

Lymphocytes from ten patients with melanoma were specifically stimulated in vitro with autologous melanoma cells and expanded in interleukin 2. Significant lysis of autologous melanoma cells was demonstrated in T cells derived from six of these patients. The mean percent of lysis of autologous tumor cells at an effector-target ratio of 20:1 was 46% among these six patients. The T cells derived from two patients developed specificity in lysing autologous melanoma cells. In both cases, specificity was enhanced by the in vitro stimulation with autologous tumor cells. Restimulation with autologous melanoma cells was associated with increasing specificity over time. Whether derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes or from lymph node cells, T cells from one patient lysed fresh autologous melanoma cells more potently than K562, allogeneic melanoma cells, and nonmelanoma cells. On day 38, at an effector-target ratio of 10:1, cell lysis of K562, an osteosarcoma, a pancreatic cancer, and three allogeneic melanomas was 3%, 4%, 7%, 8%, 7%, and 2%, respectively, while lysis of autologous melanoma cells was 47%. Specificity was maintained beyond day 60. The T cells could be expanded over 50-fold within one month.
Expression of <i>Sonic hedgehog</i> and its putative role as a precursor cell mitogen in the developing mouse retina (1997)

We show that Sonic hedgehog and patched are expressed in adjacent domains in the developing mouse retina. Treatment of cultures of perinatal mouse retinal cells with the amino-terminal fragment of Sonic hedgehog protein results in an increase in the proportion of cells that incorporate bromodeoxuridine, in total cell numbers, and in rod photoreceptors, amacrine cells and Muller glial cells, suggesting that Sonic hedgehog promotes the proliferation of retinal precursor cells. These findings suggest that hedgehog and patched are part of a conserved signalling pathway in retinal development in mammals and insects.
A new finite element method formulation applied to DR microwave filter design (2002)

A 3-D finite-element formulation for computing electromagnetic and electrical parameters of microwave dielectric resonator (DR) devices is presented. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results shows the usefulness of the formulation. More accurate results could be obtained by using second-degree NEDELEC polynomials. The results should lead to the realization of a compact high-power bandpass elliptic filter using TM/sub 110/ parallelepiped DR modes, which have low loss and fewer spurious characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppression of backscattered diffraction from sub-wavelength ‘moth-eye’ arrays (2013)

The eyes and wings of some species of moth are covered with arrays of nanoscale features that dramatically reduce reflection of light. There have been multiple examples where this approach has been adapted for use in antireflection and antiglare technologies with the fabrication of artificial moth-eye surfaces. In this work, the suppression of iridescence caused by the diffraction of light from such artificial regular moth-eye arrays at high angles of incidence is achieved with the use of a new tiled domain design, inspired by the arrangement of features on natural moth-eye surfaces. This bio-mimetic pillar architecture contains high optical rotational symmetry and can achieve high levels of diffraction order power reduction. For example, a tiled design fabricated in silicon and consisting of domains with 9 different orientations of the traditional hexagonal array exhibited a ~96% reduction in the intensity of the -1 diffraction order. It is suggested natural moth-eye surfaces have evolved a tiled domain structure as it confers efficient antireflection whilst avoiding problems with high angle diffraction. This combination of antireflection and stealth properties increases chances of survival by reducing the risk of the insect being spotted by a predator. Furthermore, the tiled domain design could lead to more effective artificial moth-eye arrays for antiglare and stealth applications.