gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of <i>cis</i>-Regulatory Sequences in the Human Angiotensinogen Gene by Transgene Coplacement and Site-Specific Recombination (2005)

The function of putative regulatory sequences identified in cell transfection experiments can be elucidated only through in vivo experimentation. However, studies of gene regulation in transgenic mice (TgM) are often compromised by the position effects, in which independent transgene insertions differ in expression depending on their location in the genome. In order to overcome such a dilemma, a method called transgene coplacement has been developed in Drosophila melanogaster. In this method, any two sequences can be positioned at exactly the same genomic site by making use of Cre/loxP recombination. Here we applied this method to mouse genetics to characterize the function of direct repeat (DR) sequences in the promoter of the human angiotensinogen (hAGT) gene, the precursor of the vasoactive octapeptide angiotensin II. We modified a hAGT bacterial artificial chromosome to use Cre/loxP recombination in utero to generate TgM lines bearing a wild-type or a mutant promoter-driven hAGT locus integrated at a single chromosomal position. The expression analyses revealed that DR sequences contribute 50 or >95% to hAGT transcription in the liver and kidneys, respectively, whereas same sequences are not required in the heart and brain. This is the first in vivo dissection of DNA cis elements that are demonstrably indispensable for regulating both the level and cell type specificity of hAGT gene transcription.
Long-life, high-efficiency lithium/sulfur batteries from sulfurized carbon nanotube cathodes (2015)

Sulfurized carbon nanotubes (SCNT) with a high sulfur content (68%) have been produced with a unique method. Li–S cells comprised of the developed SCNT cathodes presented a long cycle life exceeding 1300 cycles and an extremely low capacity decay rate (0.025% per cycle) at 1/3 C rate. Moreover, their Coulombic efficiency was higher than 95.5%.
Differences between Bond Lengths in Biogenic and Geological Calcite (2010)

We used high-resolution neutron powder diffraction to accurately measure the atomic positions and bond lengths in biogenic and geological calcite. A special procedure for data analysis was developed in order to take into account the considerable amounts of magnesium present in all the investigated samples. As a result, in biogenic calcite we found some atomic bonds to have significantly different lengths as compared to those in geological calcite, after the contribution of magnesium is accounted for. The maximum effect (elongation up to 0.7%) was found for the C−O bonds. We also analyzed changes in frequencies and spectral widths of normal vibrations of carbonate groups in biogenic calcite (as compared to geological calcite) measured by Raman and Fourier transform IR techniques. Surprisingly, the frequency shifts after subtracting the magnesium contribution are close to zero. At the same time, substantial spectral broadening (up to 1.2%) in biogenic calcite as compared to geological samples was detected. Possible explanations for the experimental findings are discussed.
Development of superoxide dismutase mimetic surfaces to reduce accumulation of reactive oxygen species for neural interfacing applications (2014)

Despite successful initial recording, neuroinflammatory-mediated oxidative stress products can contribute to microelectrode failure by a variety of mechanisms including: inducing microelectrode corrosion, degrading insulating/passivating materials, promoting blood-brain barrier breakdown, and directly damaging surrounding neurons. We have shown that a variety of anti-oxidant treatments can reduce intracortical microelectrode-mediated oxidative stress, and preserve neuronal viability. Unfortunately, short-term soluble delivery of anti-oxidant therapies may be unable to provide sustained therapeutic benefits due to low bio-availability and fast clearance rates. In order to develop a system to provide sustained neuroprotection, we investigated modifying the microelectrode surface with an anti-oxidative coating. For initial proof of concept, we chose the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin (MnTBAP). Our system utilizes a composite coating of adsorbed and immobilized MnTBAP designed to provide an initial release followed by continued presentation of an immobilized layer of the antioxidant. Surface modification was confirmed by XPS and QCMB-D analysis. Antioxidant activity of composite surfaces was determined using a Riboflavin/NitroBlue Tetrazolium (RF/NBT) assay. Our results indicate that the hybrid modified surfaces provide several days of anti-oxidative activity. Additionally, <i>in vitro</i> studies with BV-2 microglia cells indicated a significant reduction of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species when cultured on composite MnTBAP surfaces.
Control theory: A practical approach (2002)

Two actual case studies in which a Venable Systems 350 frequency response analyzer was used and that demonstrate a practical approach to stabilizing and enhancing a power supply's performance are described. The approach consists of the following: measuring the frequency response of a system; selecting a desired frequency response; designing and implementing an error amplifier and for other compensating amplifiers that fulfill the specifications; and verifying the results by measurement. The system and conventions and two power supplies with specific deficiencies are described. The first case study involves a power supply without a dominant pole output capacitor. The second case study involves a power supply driving a highly damped resonant load. The authors discuss measurement pitfalls.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Surprisingly Robust Trick for the Winograd Schema Challenge (2019)

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) dataset WSC273 and its inference counterpart WNLI are popular benchmarks for natural language understanding and commonsense reasoning. In this paper, we show that the performance of three language models on WSC273 consistently and robustly improves when finetuned on a similar pronoun disambiguation problem dataset (denoted WSCR). We additionally generate a large unsupervised WSClike dataset. By fine-tuning the BERT language model both on the introduced and on the WSCR dataset, we achieve overall accuracies of 72.5% and 74.7% on WSC273 and WNLI, improving the previous state-of-theart solutions by 8.8% and 9.6%, respectively. Furthermore, our fine-tuned models are also consistently more accurate on the "complex" subsets of WSC273, introduced by Trichelair et al. (2018).
New Dry Arenediazonium Salts, Stabilized to an Exceptionally High Degree by the Anion of o-Benzenedisulfonimide (1998)

stable dry arenediazonium salts - thermal decomposition - azo coupling reactions - o-benzenedisulfonimide
Generic Data Modeling for Clinical Repositories (1996)

Conventional approaches to data modeling can be used to develop rich, complex models of clinical data that are useful for understanding and managing the process of patient care. Generic data modeling techniques can successfully transform a detailed design into an efficient generic design that is flexible enough to meet the needs of an operational clinical information system.
Computer Multiplication and Division Using Binary Logarithms (1962)

A method of computer multiplication and division is proposed which uses binary logarithms. The logarithm of a binary number may be determined approximately from the number itself by simple shifting and counting. A simple add or subtract and shift operation is all that is required to multiply or divide. Since the logarithms used are approximate there can be errors in the result. An error analysis is given and a means of reducing the error for the multiply operation is shown.
Do Women Justices Matter (2013)

In recent years, women have started to have a considerable impact on the political process. While literature exists on women in Congress and in district court settings, little research exists on the role played by female Supreme Court Justices. The author attempts to shed light on the impact of female justices by assessing statements made by the justices, in addition to their voting records. The author finds that the new women Supreme Court Justices have had little impact so far, but offers that perhaps as time goes on, this will change.
Developing CGI applications with Perl (1996)

The World Wide Web. HTML. HTML Forms. The CGI. Perl. The HyperText Transfer Protocol. FormMail. Free for All Links. Countdown. Random Image Displayer. Guestbook. Server Push and Client Pull. rand.cgi: A Random Anything-You-Want Generator. A WWW-Based Information Management System. ORG: ORacle Gateway. Creating Dynamic Documents. Inexpensive Internet Services. Index.
Population based randomised study of uptake and yield of screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy compared with screening by faecal occult blood testing (1998)

Some of the predicted obstacles to screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy are surmountable. Clear evidence relating to efficacy will be obtained only from a randomised controlled trial.
The Early Years: Preparation for Creative Thinking (1985)

This paper stresses the importance of parent-child interaction in the early years as the basis of a child's intellectual development. The writer also argues that creativity is fostered in an environment where the child is emotionally secure and encouraged to take risks with new and unfamiliar ideas. Free and imaginative play is an essential requirement for free growth of cognitive and affective functioning but this must also be allied to the sensitive and unobtrusive intervention of teacher or parent which extends and encourages the child's questioning. Creative thinking demands self-confidence, an environment which promotes free thinking and acceptance of new ideas.
Antitumor activity of pyrimidinones, a class of small-molecule biological response modifiers. (1987)

This study was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidinones. Of 20 pyrimidinones tested, only those with a monohalogen substitution at the ortho- or meta-position of the phenyl moiety of the 2-amino-5-halo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone and ABPP showed statistically significant synergism with cyclophosphamide (CY) against P388 leukemia. Therefore, ABMFPP, AIMFPP, and ABPP were selected for detailed therapeutic evaluation. The pyrimidinone alone had small but significant activity against B16 melanoma with slightly more than a 25% increase in lifespan (ILS); however, when used in combination with CY, ABPP or ABMFPP did not yield an effect greater than treatment with CY alone. Only AIMFPP appeared to produce a more or less additive effect with CY. Although none of these pyrimidinones alone had any significant activity against M5076 tumor, the combination with CY (100 mg/kg) produced a range of 102 to 123% ILS and six to nine of 10 mice per group survived greater than 45 days, whereas the treatment with CY alone yielded only a 48% ILS and none survived greater than 45 days. The synergism of the combination therapy was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The combination used against L1210 leukemia also appeared to be superior to the treatment with CY alone and produced 25 to 50% long-term survivors (greater than 30 days). The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of its clinical implications.
Role of Furin in Delivery of a CTL Epitope of an Anthrax Toxin‐Fusion Protein (2001)

Anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) in combination with anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) was endocytosed and translocated to the cytosol of mammalian cells. Residues 1-255 of anthrax toxin lethal factor (LFn) was fused to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope of an influenza virus. For processing the toxins, PA must be cleaved into a 63-kDa fragment (PA63) by furin, which is a subtilisin-like processing endo-protease expressed by many eukaryotic cells. To test the ability of cells treated with the LFn fusion protein plus PA to deliver the epitope, CTL assay was performed. Two types of cell lines were identified, one was able to deliver CTL epitope while the other failed to efficiently deliver the epitope. To further elucidate the differences between these cells, the role of furin in these cells was examined. Disruption of the furin gene reduced its ability to deliver the CTL epitope. Furin expression in cells capable of efficiently delivering CTL epitope was quantitatively higher than in cells unable to deliver the epitope. The results suggest that furin plays a critical role in delivery of the CTL epitope of LFn fusion protein.
Speech Evoked Potentials: From the Laboratory to the Clinic (2008)

Speech-evoked auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying speech processing. For this reason, ERPs are of great value to hearing scientists and audiologists. This article will provide an overview of ERPs frequently used to examine the processing of speech and other sound stimuli. These ERPs include the P1-N1-P2 complex, acoustic change complex, mismatch negativity, and P3 responses. In addition, we focus on the application of these speech-evoked potentials for the assessment of (1) the effects of hearing loss on the neural encoding of speech allowing for behavioral detection and discrimination; (2) improvements in the neural processing of speech with amplification (hearing aids, cochlear implants); and (3) the impact of auditory training on the neural processing of speech. Studies in these three areas are reviewed and implications for audiologists are discussed.
Identification of QTL-s for drought tolerance in maize, II: Yield and yield components (2013)

Grain yield is the primary trait of interest in maize breeding programs. Worldwide, drought is the most pervasive limitation to the achievement of yield potential in maize. Drought tolerance of maize has been considerably improved through conventional breeding. Traditional breeding methods have numerous limitations, so development of new molecular genetics techniques could help in elucidation of genetic basis of drought tolerance .In order to map QTLs underlying yield and yield components under drought 116 F3 families of DTP79xB73 cross were evaluated in the field trials. Phenotypic correlations calculated using Pearson?s coefficients were high and significant. QTL detection was performed using composite interval mapping option in WinQTL Cartographer v 2.5. Over all nine traits 45 QTLs were detected: five for grain yield per plant and 40 for eight yield components. These QTLs were distributed on all chromosomes except on chromosome 9. Percent of phenotypic variability determined for the identified QTLs for all the traits was in the range from 27.46 to 95.85%. Different types of gene action were found for the QTLs identified for analyzed traits.
Discovery Process and Characterization of Novel Carbohydrazide Derivatives as Potent and Selective GHSR1a Antagonists (2010)

Ghrelins: don't feed them after dark! A novel class of highly potent and selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) antagonists has been identified. The synthesis and preliminary biological investigation, both in vitro and in vivo is described. This compound series is a useful tool for further understanding the role of GHSR1a and may provide new approaches for the treatment of a number of pathological conditions associated with eating disorders.
Immediate biofeedback for energy balance via expired breath δ<sup>13</sup>CO<inf>2</inf> (2015)

Expired breath δ(13)CO2 measured in real time serves as a useful biomarker of altered macronutrient metabolism in response to changes in energy balance. Altered breath δ(13)CO2 is believed to be a result of changes in macronutrient oxidation and the kinetic isotope effect where enzymatic processes discriminate against metabolites naturally enriched with (13)C. Use of breath δ(13)CO2 as a rapid biofeedback of energy balance status will enhance an individual's ability to modify behavior during weight loss efforts. Herein we describe a novel approach for immediate biofeedback for energy deficit using a moderate exercise challenge. Our new mid-infrared isotope ratio-meter for δ(13)CO2 is a step toward miniaturization of a personal device for instant biofeedback for people attempting to lose weight.
Effects of Caffeine on Plasma Renin Activity, Catecholamines and Blood Pressure (1978)

Using a double-blind, randomized, cross-over protocol, we studied the effect of a single dose of oral caffeine on plasma renin activity, catecholamines and cardiovascular control in nine healthy, young, non-coffee drinkers maintained in sodium balance throughout the study period. Caffeine (250 mg) or placebo was administered in a methylxanthine-free beverage to overnight-fasted supine subjects who had had no coffee, tea or cola in the previous three weeks. Caffeine increased plasma renin activity by 57 per cent, plasma norepinephrine by 75 per cent and plasma epinephrine by 207 per cent. Urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine were increased 52 per cent and 100 per cent respectively. Mean blood pressure rose 14/10 mm Hg one hour after caffeine ingestion. There was a slight fall and then a rise in heart rate. Plasma caffeine levels were usually maximal one hour after ingestion but there was considerable individual variation. A 20 per cent increase in respiratory rate correlated well with plasma caffeine levels. Under the conditions of study caffeine was a potent stimulator of plasma renin activity and adrenomedullary secretion. Whether habitual ingestion has similar effects remains to be determined.
Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream (1999)

The prevalence of onychomycosis, a superficial fungal infection that destroys the entire nail unit, is rising, with no satisfactory cure. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to examine the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2% butenafine hydrochloride and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia oil incorporated in a cream to manage toenail onychomycosis in a cohort. Sixty outpatients (39 M, 21 F) aged 18-80 years (mean 29.6) with 6-36 months duration of disease were randomized to two groups (40 and 20), active and placebo. After 16 weeks, 80% of patients using medicated cream were cured, as opposed to none in the placebo group. Four patients in the active treatment group experienced subjective mild inflammation without discontinuing treatment. During follow-up, no relapse occurred in cured patients and no improvement was seen in medication-resistant and placebo participants.
Surgery of the Foot and Ankle (1993)

General consideration principles of examination imaging conservative treatment peripheral anaesthesia the forefoot lesser toe deformities the sesamoids and accessory bones of the foot neurologic conditions diseases of the nerves functional nerve disease arthritic conditions arthrodesis postrural disorders adult flatfoot disorders paediatric flatfoot disorders the pes cavus deformity miscellaneous conditions of the foot the diabetic foot amputations toenail abnormalities dermatology sports medicine soft tissue running dancing ankle arthroscopy paediatrics congenital foot determines trauma soft tissue trauma soft tissue injuries fractures and dislocations of the foot and ankle.
Molecular Mechanisms for the Functionality of Lubricant Additives (2005)

Wear limits the life-span of many mechanical devices with moving parts. To reduce wear, lubricants are frequently enriched with additives, such as zinc phosphates, that form protective films on rubbing surfaces. Using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of films derived from commercial additives, we unraveled the molecular origin of how antiwear films can form, function, and dissipate energy. These effects originate from pressure-induced changes in the coordination number of atoms acting as cross-linking agents to form chemically connected networks. The proposed mechanism explains a diverse body of experiments and promises to prove useful in the rational design of antiwear additives that operate on a wider range of surface materials, with reduced environmental side effects.
<i>p</i>-type ZnSe homoepitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy with nitrogen radical doping (1991)

We have grown high-quality homoepitaxial layers of p-type ZnSe for the first time. The layers were grown on dry-etched ZnSe substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy with nitrogen radical doping. The p-type conduction with carrier concentration of 8.9×1015 cm−3 at 300 K was confirmed by Hall measurement. Low-temperature photoluminescence from the N-doped ZnSe layers was dominated by single acceptor-bound exciton emission I1 at 2.7931 eV, which indicates a formation of a number of shallow acceptors and strain free of the homoepitaxial layers.
Xylitol and Its Vehicles for Public Health Needs (2009)

Xylitol has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective tooth decay preventive agent when used habitually. Nevertheless, its application has been limited by absence of formulations that demand minimal adherence and are acceptable and safe in settings where chewing gum may not be allowed. A substantial literature suggests that a minimum of five to six grams and three exposures per day from chewing gum or candies are needed for a clinical effect. At the same time there is conflicting evidence in the literature from toothpaste studies suggesting that lower-doses and less frequent exposures might be effective. The growing use of xylitol as a sweetener in low amounts in foods and other consumables is, simultaneously, increasing the overall exposure of the public to xylitol and may have additive benefits.
Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696, a First-in-Class Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor, in Asian Patients With Hypertension (2014)

LCZ696 (Japanese adopted name: sucabitril valsartan sodium hydrate), a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, concomitantly inhibits neprilysin and blocks angiotensin type 1 receptor. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the first in Asia for this drug, evaluated the dose-related efficacy and safety of LCZ696 in patients with hypertension using 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Asian patients aged ≥18 years (n=389) with hypertension were randomized to receive LCZ696 100 mg (n=100), 200 mg (n=101), 400 mg (n=96), or placebo (n=92) for 8 weeks. The primary end point was mean difference across the 3 single-dose pairwise comparisons of LCZ696 versus placebo in clinic diastolic BP after 8-week treatment. Key secondary efficacy variables included changes in clinic systolic BP and pulse pressure and changes in 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime ambulatory BPs and pulse pressure. Safety assessments included recording all adverse events and serious adverse events. A total of 362 patients completed the study. Reductions in clinic systolic BP, diastolic BP (P<0.0001), and pulse pressure (P<0.001) were significantly greater with all doses of LCZ696 than with placebo. There were also significant reductions in 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime ambulatory systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure for all doses of LCZ696 compared with placebo (P<0.0001). LCZ696 was well tolerated, and no cases of angioedema were reported. In conclusion, LCZ696 is effective for the treatment of hypertension in Asian population and, in general, is safe and well tolerated. Clinical Trial Information- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01193101.