gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Living Coupling Reaction in Living Cationic Polymerization. 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>Star−Block Copolymer:  Poly[bis(isobutylene)-<i>star</i>-bis(methyl vinyl ether)] (1998)

Amphiphilic A2B2 star−block copolymers (A = polyisobutylene (PIB) and B = poly(methyl vinyl ether) (PMeVE)) have been prepared via the living coupling reaction of living PIB, using 2,2-bis[4-(1-tolylethenyl)phenyl]propane (BDTEP) as a living coupling agent, followed by the chain ramification reaction of methyl vinyl ether (MeVE) at the junction of the living coupled PIB. Model reactions for the synthesis of A2B2 star−block copolymers indicated that the fine-tuning of Lewis acidity to the reactivity of MeVE is a crucial step for the structural integrity of the resulting A2B2 star−block copolymers. Side products were negligible using a [Ti(OEt)4]/[TiCl4] ratio of 0.7 and the minimum tuning time (∼5 min). Fractionation of the crude A2B2 star−block copolymer was carried out on a silica gel column, and on the basis of the weights of fractions, the purity of the crude A2B2 star−block copolymer was calculated to be ≥93.5%. Two Tgs (−60 °C for PIB and −20 °C for PMeVE) were observed for the star−block copolymer by DSC indicating the presence of two microphases. An A2B2 star−block copolymer with 80 wt % PMeVE composition ((IB45)2-s-(MeVE170)2) exhibited a critical micelle concentration (cmc) of 4.25 × 10-4 M in water, which is an order of magnitude higher than cmcs obtained with linear diblock copolymers with same total Mn and composition (IB90-b-MeVE340) or with same segmental lengths (IB45-b-MeVE170). This suggests that block copolymers with star architectures exhibit less tendency to micellization than their corresponding linear diblock copolymers. Average particle sizes in aqueous solution above the cmc were measured to be from 41 to 177 nm, depending on the architecture and/or the molecular weight.
A new route to graphene layers by selective laser ablation (2011)

Selectively creating regions of spatially varying thickness may enable the utilization of the electronic properties of N-layer (N=1 or more) graphene and other similar layered materials (e.g., topological insulators or layered superconductors) for novel devices and functionalities on a single chip. The ablation threshold energy density increases dramatically for decreasing layer numbers of graphene originating from the dimensional crossover of the specific heat. For the 2D regime of graphite (up to N≈7) the dominant flexural mode specific heat (due to its N-1 dependence) gives rise to a strong layer number-dependence on the pulsed laser ablation threshold energy density, while for 3D regime (N&gt;&gt;7) the ablation threshold saturates due to dominant acoustic mode specific heat. As a result, several energy density windows exist between the minimum energy densities that are required for ablating single, bi, or more layers of graphene, allowing layer number selectivity.
Anisotropy in Permalloy Films Evaporated at Grazing Incidence (1961)

The magnetic and optical anisotropies observed in oblique-incidence Permalloy films show anomalous behavior for incidence angles greater than 60° (grazing incidence). In particular, the easy axis and the direction of greatest optical absorption are parallel to the vapor beam for incidence angles greater than about 70°, while they are perpendicular to this direction for smaller angles. The anomalies for grazing-incidence films are caused by a shape anisotropy differing from that previously found in lower angle oblique-incidence films. This new shape anisotropy is attributed to the elongation in the beam direction of the particles composing the crystallite chains which are found in all oblique-incidence films; such shape anisotropy has been directly observed by electron microscopy.
Detournement For Fun And [Political] Profit (1995)

Sunil Gupta, ed.  Disrupted Borders: An Intervention In Definitions Of Boundaries. (London: Rivers Oram Press, 1993).
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy Studies on the Structure and Structural Changes in Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Polyglutamates with Azobenzene Moieties Tethered by Alkyl Spacers of Different Length (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall-Angle X-ray Scattering and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy Studies on the Structure and Structural Changes in Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Polyglutamates with Azobenzene Moieties Tethered by Alkyl Spacers of Different LengthH. Menzel, B. Weichart, A. Schmidt, S. Paul, W. Knoll, J. Stumpe, and T. FischerCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 6, 1926–1933Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00018a052https://doi.org/10.1021/la00018a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views874Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new approach for the electrophoretic detection of apoptosis (1996)

Apoptotic cell death is often characterized by internucleosomal cleavage of genomic DNA, which exhibits a distinctive ladder upon electrophoresis. However, techniques used for the isolation and detection of DNA to demonstrate laddering may not be sufficiently sensitive, particularly when cleaved DNA is present at modest levels. We propose a new approach for isolating total cellular DNA using a silica-based resin that improves the resolution of DNA laddering. In addition, we introduce a rapid DNA labeling method that can increase the sensitivity of detecting DNA laddering. Each of these methods can be used for DNA from cell cultures or tissues.
Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Epoxy Composites by Interfacial Covalent Bonding for Underfill and Thermal Interfacial Materials in Cu/Low-K Application (2012)

Nowadays with enhanced performance and reduced profile, electronics and photonics devices demand efficient heat dissipation and low operation temperature. Thereby, instead of traditional fillers (e.g., fused silica), thermally conductive silicon carbide (SiC) particles and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are applied here as fillers in composites for underfill and thermal interfacial materials (TIMs), respectively. SiC particles are coated with an ultrathin layer of silicon oxide by thermal oxidation at 800°C in air and consequently functionalized by γ-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane in order to graft epoxides on their surface. Moreover, MWNTs were chemically functionalized with carboxyls and hydroxyls in a concentrated acid mixture. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrascopy, and thermogravimetric analysis characterization indicates that both of the fillers are successfully functionalized, which makes their surface reactive with epoxy resin, resulting in interfacial covalent chemical bonding between the thermally conductive fillers and epoxy resin. It is found that interfacial chemical bonding across the interface between these functionalized fillers and polymer matrix can promote significant thermal conductivity enhancement of epoxy composites, which is promising for underfill and TIMs in Cu/low-K application.
Influence of Nanocomposite Materials for Next Generation Nano Lithography (2011)

The trend of Moore’s law has been maintained using the current technology of the ultra large scale integration which produces circuits of sub 100 nm (Gonsalves et al., 2001). This has been made possible by sub 100nm lithography, by the design of next generation resists operating at extreme ultra violet wavelengths. However, it is well known that electron beam lithography can achieve similar dimensions using positive tone e-beam resists such as PolyMethylMethAcrylate (PMMA), Polybutene – 1 – Sulfone (PBS) and ZEP520 (Dean et al., 1994) resists. Upon exposure, the molecular weight of the polymer chains, are reduced by the chain scission process. This increases the solubility of the polymer in organic solvents. Figure 1 illustrates the chain scission process with a resist called PMMA. The chain scission process occurs when the radiolysis of the main chain carbon to carbonyl bond is initiated by the electron. The main chain is cleaved and produces unstable products.
Molecular Genetic Pathology (2008)

Molecular Genetic Pathology presents up-to-date material containing fundamental information relevant to the clinical practice of molecular genetic pathology. Part I examines the clinical areas of mole
Dental follicle cells and cementoblasts induce apoptosis of ameloblast‐lineage and Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath/epithelial rests of Malassez cells through the Fas–Fas ligand pathway (2011)

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS), epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) cells, and reduced ameloblasts undergo apoptosis during tooth development. This study examined the effects of dental follicle cells and cementoblasts on the apoptosis of ameloblast-lineage and HERS/ERM cells derived from the enamel organ. We also elucidated the induction pathways and identified the apoptotic pathway involved in this process. Here, we showed terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive HERS cells and reduced ameloblasts near dental follicle cells during tooth development. Co-culturing ameloblast-lineage cell line (ALC) ameloblasts and HERS/ERM cells with either dental follicle cells or OCCM-30 cementoblasts markedly enhanced the apoptosis of ameloblasts and HERS/ERM cells compared with cells cultured alone. However, dental follicle cells and cementoblasts did not modulate the apoptotic responses of co-cultured non-odontogenic MCF10A or KB cells. When ameloblasts + HERS and cementoblasts + dental follicle cells were co-cultured, the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) increased in cementoblasts + dental follicle cells, while the expression of Fas increased in ameloblasts + HERS. Interestingly, recombinant FasL induced ameloblast apoptosis while the cementoblast-induced ameloblast apoptosis was suppressed by the Fas/FasL antagonist Kp7-6. These results suggest that during tooth development, dental follicle cells and cementoblasts induce apoptosis of ameloblast-lineage and HERS/ERM cells through the Fas-FasL pathway, but do not induce the apoptosis of non-odontogenic epithelial cells.
PROVIDING CONFIDENTIALITY IN CONTENT-BASED PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE SYSTEMS (2010)

Publish/subscribe is a loosely-coupled communication paradigm which allows applications to interact indirectly and asynchronously. Publisher applications generate events that are sent to interested applications through a network of brokers. Subscriber applications express their interests by specifying filters that brokers can use for routing the events. In many cases it is desirable to protect the confidentiality of events and filters from any unauthorised parties, including the brokers themselves. Supporting confidentiality of messages being exchanged is challenging mainly because of the decoupling of publishers and subscribers who should not have to share keys, and because brokers forward messages based on the actual content of the messages that we desire to keep confidential. This paper argues that a complete solution for confidentiality in pub/sub systems should provide: (i) confidentiality of events and filters; (ii) filters that can express very complex constraints on events even if brokers are not able to access any information on both events and filters; (iii) and finally it does not require publishers and subscribers to share keys. We show that current solutions are not able to provide all these properties at the same time and suggest a possible solution based on attribute-based encryption and encrypted search.
Effect of leukotriene inhibitors on evolution of experimental brain contusions (2011)

Leukotriene inhibition should be further investigated as therapeutic option to counteract secondary growth of traumatic brain contusions and to possibly improve pericontusional neuronal survival.
LVCSR-based language identification (2002)

Automatic language identification is an important problem in building multilingual speech recognition and understanding systems. Building a language identification module for four languages we studied the influence of applying different levels of knowledge sources on a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) approach, i.e. phonetic, phonotactic, lexical, and syntactic-semantic knowledge. The resulting language identification (LID) module can identify spontaneous speech input and can be used as a front end for the multilingual speech-to-speech translation system JANUS-II. A comparison of five LID systems showed that the incorporation of lexical and linguistic knowledge reduces the language identification error for the 2-language tests up to 50%. Based on these results we build a LID module for German, English, Spanish, and Japanese which yields 84% identification rate on the spontaneous scheduling task (SST).
Framework for a comprehensive description and measurement of emotional states. (1995)

The rationale for a general three-dimensional approach to measuring emotions (the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance, PAD, Emotional-State Model) is described. Evidence bearing on two early versions of the PAD scales is reviewed, and three studies report additional development and refinement of a final set of PAD scales. Factor analysis of 58 PAD items in Study 1, 41 PAD items in Study 2, and 34 PAD items in Study 3 consistently yielded three nearly orthogonal Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance factors. The final 16-item State Pleasure, 9-item State Arousal, and 9-item State Dominance scales had alpha reliability coefficients of .97, .89, and .80, respectively. Across Studies 2 and 3, intercorrelations among the latter three scales did not exceed .09 in absolute value, showing that the scales provided a parsimonious base for the general assessment of emotional states. Discriminant and construct validity evidence for the scales were reviewed. Potential applications of the scales were noted.
Lightweight Hand-held Robot for Laparoscopic Surgery (2007)

Some phases of laparoscopic interventions, such as suturing, require precise and dexterous movements that are difficult to perform by means of rigid instruments. Multi-DOF hand-held instruments and teleoperated systems have been developed to increase movement dexterity. In this paper, we present the design of a novel hand-held robotic instrument that can be operated by the surgeon with one hand only, while standing at the operating table and acting on a traditional laparoscopic instrument with the other hand. Its main advantages are the low weight, achieved by dislocating the motors and using a flexible transmission, and the possibility to switch end-effector, changing the instrument type according to the phase of the intervention. The instrument can be used easily and rapidly, since it does not require long or complex set-up procedures. We describe the instrument design, the development of the first prototype and compare it to rigid instruments in the ability to approach sutures at various angles.
Inner tegument protein pUL37 of herpes simplex virus type 1 is involved in directing capsids to the trans-Golgi network for envelopment (2010)

Secondary envelopment of herpes simplex virus type 1 has been demonstrated as taking place at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The inner tegument proteins pUL36 and pUL37 and the envelope glycoproteins gD and gE are known to be important for secondary envelopment. We compared the cellular localizations of capsids from a virus mutant lacking the UL37 gene with those of a virus mutant lacking the genes encoding gD and gE. Although wild-type capsids accumulated at the TGN, capsids of the pUL37(-) mutant were distributed throughout the cytoplasm and showed no association with TGN-derived vesicles. This was in contrast to capsids from a gD(-)gE(-) mutant, which accumulated in the vicinity of TGN vesicles, but did not colocalize with them, suggesting that they were transported to the TGN but were unable to undergo envelopment. We conclude that the inner tegument protein pUL37 is required for directing capsids to the TGN, where secondary envelopment occurs.
An Avatar Architecture for the Web of Things (2015)

The Web of Things extends the Internet of Things by leveraging Web-based languages and protocols to access and control each physical object. In this article, the authors summarize ongoing work promoting the concept of an avatar as a new virtual abstraction to extend physical objects on the Web. An avatar is an extensible and distributed runtime environment endowed with an autonomous behavior. Avatars rely on Web languages, protocols, and reason about semantic annotations to dynamically drive connected objects, exploit their capabilities, and expose user-understandable functionalities as Web services. Avatars are also able to collaborate together to achieve complex tasks.
Production of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor by normal and transformed human cells in culture. (1989)

Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) is a 45-kDa endothelial cell mitogen which has angiogenic properties in vivo. We report here that human foreskin fibroblasts, a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, and 2 out of the 3 human thyroid carcinoma cell lines investigated produce PD-ECGF, whereas 21 other cell lines examined do not. The positive cell lines contained a 1.8-kilobase PD-ECGF mRNA, and a 45-kDa protein could be demonstrated in lysates of the cell lines by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation using a specific antiserum against PD-ECGF. Furthermore, the cell lysates contained mitogenic activity for endothelial cells that was neutralized by the PD-ECGF antiserum. PD-ECGF was found to be secreted only slowly from the producer cells, consistent with the previous finding that the primary translation product lacks a signal sequence. The restricted expression and intracellular sequestration of PD-ECGF imply a strictly controlled function in endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Aberrant production of PD-ECGF may play a role in tumor angiogenesis.
Stress‐Mediated Hormetic Modulation of Aging, Wound Healing, and Angiogenesis in Human Cells (2007)

Aging is amenable to intervention and prevention by mild stress-induced hormesis. Previously, we have reported that repeated mild heat stress has antiaging and other beneficial effects on growth and a range of cellular and biochemical characteristics of normal human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes undergoing aging in vitro. We have also established a model system of sugar-induced premature senescence in human cells, which can be useful for monitoring the protective and hormetic effects of other treatments. We have now initiated studies on testing the hormetic effects of glyoxal and heat shock on the wound-healing capacity of skin fibroblasts and on the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. The effects of glyoxal on the extent of wound closure in vitro showed a typical biphasic hormetic curve with 20-40% stimulation at lower doses (up to 0.125 mmol) and more than 50% inhibition at concentrations above 0.5 mmol. In the case of angiogenesis by endothelial cells, measured by the standard tube formation assay on Matrigel, a prior exposure to mild heat shock at 41 degrees C for 1 h increased the total tube length and total number of junctions by 30-60% and 10-14%, respectively. In contrast, a severe heat shock at 42.5 degrees C had slightly inhibitory effects on total tube length and the number of junctions. These data add to the ever-growing body of evidence in support of the view that mild stress-induced hormesis can be a useful approach for the modulation, intervention, and prevention of aging and age-related impairments.
Economic Evaluation of Lake Enrichment Strategies for British Columbia Sockeye Salmon (1988)

Previous research has shown that, in some stocks, there can be a large (up to 22%) decrease in body weight of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka when large numbers of conspecifics are present in the Gulf of Alaska. This observation led to a hypothesis that may allow fisheries managers of British Columbia sockeye salmon to maximize the net economic benefits from enhancement efforts. Specifically, sockeye salmon enhancement efforts could be restricted to year classes that smolt in years when total smolt abundance in the ocean is low, resulting in faster growth and larger-than-average adult body sizes and biomass of catches. Lake enrichment is an appropriate enhancement method to manipulate smolt abundance. A “pulsed enhancement strategy” (deliberate variation in the number of sockeye salmon juveniles produced each year) was compared with an “annual enhancement strategy” (constant annual juvenile production) for four British Columbia stocks of sockeye salmon (Babine Lake, Chilko Lake, Owikeno Lake, and Stellako River), by means of a simulation model containing biological and economic components. Extensive sensitivity analyses showed that annual enhancement produced greater net economic benefits than pulsed enhancement under most conditions. However, plans to start fertilizing large, remote sockeye salmon lakes in British Columbia will greatly increase fertilization costs. With such high costs, pulsed enhancement could lead to the greatest economic benefits.
Redox Behavior and Electrochromic Properties of Polypyrrole Films in Aqueous Solutions (1984)

Abstract Polypyrrole films prepared by anodic polymerization of pyrrole on Pt or SnO2-coated glass show redox behavior in aqueous electrolyte solutions containing a supporting electrolyte alone. Transfer of electrolyte anions into and from the film is involved in the redox reaction similarly with acetonitrile solutions already reported. Insertion of divalent anions into the film occurs in two steps but that of monovalent anions in one step, as judged from corresponding cyclic voltammograms. The change in film color which occurs in the redox reaction of the film was investigated in detail as a function of electrode potential and the charge consumed in the redox reaction. Polypyrrole is a promising material for electrochromic display devices.
X-ray microtomography of wood (1991)

On montre les possibilites de la microtomographie RX pour l'etude de la structure interne du bois.
Tiacumicins, a novel complex of 18-membered macrolide antibiotics. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and antibacterial activity. (1987)

A complex of 18-membered macrolide antibiotics has been discovered in the fermentation broth of strain AB718C-41. The producing culture, isolated from a soil sample collected in Hamden, Connecticut, was identified as a strain of Dactylosporangium aurantiacum and was designated D. aurantiacum subsp. hamdenesis subsp. nov. The antibiotic complex was produced in a New Brunswick 150-liter fermentor using a medium consisting of glucose, soybean oil, soybean flour, beef extract and inorganic salts. Several of the antibiotics were active against sensitive and multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.