gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Common Component GMM-Based Speaker Recognition Method (2006)

In this paper, a new common component GMM (CCGMM)-based speaker recognition approach is presented. It first defines a divergence measure to calculate the similarity of the speech signals of two speakers. Then, a CCGMM training algorithm which simultaneously maximizes the likelihood of CCGMM and the inter-speaker divergence is proposed. Performance of the proposed approach was examined using a telephone-speech database (MAT) containing 2962 speakers. A speaker recognition rate of 90.0% was achieved. The recognition rate raised to 96.1% when it was combined with the conventional GMM-based scheme.
Risk factors for sporadic infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7. (1997)

Hamburgers prepared at home are an important source of sporadic E coli O157:H7 infections. We estimate that adequate hand washing by food preparers could have prevented 34% of E coli O157:H7 infections in the study population.
Listen-and-Talk: Protocol Design and Analysis for Full-duplex Cognitive Radio Networks (2016)

In traditional cognitive radio networks (CRNs), secondary users (SUs) typically access the spectrum of primary users (PUs) by a two-stage “listen-before-talk” (LBT) protocol, i.e., SUs sense the spectrum holes in the first stage before transmitting in the second. However, there exist two major problems: transmission time reduction due to sensing and sensing accuracy impairment due to data transmission. In this paper, we propose a “listen-and-talk” (LAT) protocol with the help of full-duplex (FD) technique that allows SUs to simultaneously sense and access the vacant spectrum. Spectrum utilization performance is carefully analyzed, with the closed-form spectrum waste ratio and collision ratio with the PU provided. In addition, with regard to the secondary throughput, we report the existence of a tradeoff between the secondary transmit power and throughput. Based on the power-throughput tradeoff, we derive the analytical local optimal transmit power for SUs to achieve both high throughput and satisfying sensing accuracy. Numerical results are given to verify the proposed protocol and the theoretical results.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NFκB AND IκB PROTEINS WITHIN MOUSE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS. (2000)

Csizmadia, Vilmos1; Turka, Laurence A.2; Hancock, Saege A.1; Gao, Wei1; Hancock, Wayne W.1,3 Author Information
Sterilization for Rubber-like Poly (vinyl alcohol) Gel (1990)

Attempts are described on sterilization for previously found rubber-like poly (vinyl alcohol) gel : Irradiating by gamma rays from Cobalt-60 in the range of 3〜5 Mrad, no deterioration is observed on mechanical properties of sterilized gels. For trial, artificially contaminated specimens were prepared by treating preaseptic gels with culture-broth for 5 days at 31℃, then were subjected to immersing in aqueous chlorhexidine (0.1%) for 4 days at 37℃, and washig away the adsorbed disinfectant : All the specimens were proved to be sterile according to the official standard culture of incubating for 7 days at 31℃ (for bacteria), or for 10 days at room temperatures (for fungi, yeasts). The prescribed potassium permanganate consumption of warm extracting water layer separated from the irradiated or disinfected specimens remained in the range of 0.1〜0.4 ml, which is far below the restrivted value (2.0 ml) of the standard testing for medical materials.
Symptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers (2021)

This cohort study describes COVID-19–related symptoms persisting 8 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection among Swedish health care workers and self-reported effects of the residual symptoms on respondents’ home, work, and social function.
DNA–DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities (2007)

DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) values have been used by bacterial taxonomists since the 1960s to determine relatedness between strains and are still the most important criterion in the delineation of bacterial species. Since the extent of hybridization between a pair of strains is ultimately governed by their respective genomic sequences, we examined the quantitative relationship between DDH values and genome sequence-derived parameters, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of common genes and the percentage of conserved DNA. A total of 124 DDH values were determined for 28 strains for which genome sequences were available. The strains belong to six important and diverse groups of bacteria for which the intra-group 16S rRNA gene sequence identity was greater than 94 %. The results revealed a close relationship between DDH values and ANI and between DNA-DNA hybridization and the percentage of conserved DNA for each pair of strains. The recommended cut-off point of 70 % DDH for species delineation corresponded to 95 % ANI and 69 % conserved DNA. When the analysis was restricted to the protein-coding portion of the genome, 70 % DDH corresponded to 85 % conserved genes for a pair of strains. These results reveal extensive gene diversity within the current concept of "species". Examination of reciprocal values indicated that the level of experimental error associated with the DDH method is too high to reveal the subtle differences in genome size among the strains sampled. It is concluded that ANI can accurately replace DDH values for strains for which genome sequences are available.
Model predictive trajectory tracking control for hydraulic excavator on digging operation (2015)

In order to increase work efficiency, alleviating burden of operators is important. An autonomous hydraulic excavator is expected to improve it. In this paper, an automatic control of a digging operation for the hydraulic excavator is studied. We propose a method for the trajectory tracking control using model predictive control (MPC) which incorporates servo mechanism. MPC can optimize motion and avoids rapid change of velocity using constraints. However, it is difficult to cope with unknown reaction forces caused by contacting with underground objects. Servo mechanism suppresses the disturbance by the integration of the tracking error. However, the error may be accumulated in the integration. Hence, the trajectory tracking may result in rapid response when the objects are removed. By combining MPC and servo mechanism, we can expect that servo mechanism works against the disturbance and the tracking performance is improved. We show effectiveness of the proposed method through simulations under the presence of the disturbance.
Association of thrombospondin-1 with osteogenic differentiation of retinal pericytes in vitro (1996)

Vascular pericytes can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells in vitro, suggesting that these cells may represent a potential source of osteoprogenitor cells in the adult. Pericyte differentiation is associated with a characteristic pattern of nodule formation and mineralisation. Nodules are formed in post-confluent cultures by the retraction of multilayered areas. Crystals of hydroxyapatite are deposited on the extracellular matrix of these nodules which then becomes mineralised. We now demonstrate that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) gene expression is modulated during pericyte differentiation in vitro. That is, the relative levels of TSP-1 (protein and mRNA) increased markedly during nodule formation and then decreased when mineralisation of the nodules had taken place. TSP-1 was localised throughout non-mineralised nodules but it was largely excluded from the inner mass of mineralised nodules. The production of a mineralised matrix by vascular pericytes was promoted by the presence of antibodies to TSP-1 in the culture medium and was inhibited by exogenous TSP-1. These effects did not appear to be mediated through the activation of latent TGF-beta, since neither exogenous TGF-beta nor neutralising antibodies to TGF-beta had any effect on the rate or extent of mineralisation seen in the pericyte cultures. Taken together these results suggest that high levels of TSP-1 inhibit pericyte mineralisation, supporting the view that this protein plays a role in pericyte differentiation and bone formation.
Nitroxide chemistry. Part 18. Reaction of bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide with some ethers (1981)

Treatment of the methyl ethers MeOX (X = Me, Ph) with a stoicheiometric amount of bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide [(CF3)2NO·= R·] at room temperature converts them efficiently into their bistrifluoromethylamino-oxymethyl counterparts, RCH2OX; the bis-derivative (RCH2)2O is a minor by-product in the case of dimethyl ether (X = Me). Multiple hydrogen-abstraction increases in importance with diethyl ether as substrate, the expected products RCHMeOEt and (RCHMe)2O being accompanied by a bis-derivative (RCH2CHROEt) arguably produced via the αβ-dehydrogenation 2R·+ Et2O → 2RH + CH2CHOEt. The halogeno-ether MeOCF2CHFCl reacts slowly with the nitroxide at 50 °C to yield a 7 : 1 mixture of the derivatives RCH2OCF2CHFCl and RCFClCF2OMe, hydrolysis of which gives the esters RCH2OCOCHFCl and RCFClCO2Me, respectively. The latter ester is best obtained via treatment of methyl chlorofluoroacetate with bistrifluoroacetate with bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide.
Radical Kinetics in a Fluorocarbon Etching Plasma (1993)

Neutral free radicals, CF 3 and CF 2 , in a radio-frequency CF 4 /H 2 discharge were detected using appearance mass spectrometry. The spatial density distributions of these radicals were obtained with the mixing ratio of H 2 /CF 4 as a key parameter. Adding a 10% H 2 gas to CF 4 enhanced the CF 2 density by a factor of 50 and flattened the spatial profile. By the injection of the H 2 gas abruptly into the CF 4 discharge, the temporal transition to the CF 4 /H 2 discharge was investigated. When the percentage of H 2 ≥5%, a strange time variation is found for the CF 3 radical: its density sharply rises by a factor of 10 and slowly falls to a value close to the initial one. The slow time response was attributed to the H 2 -induced polymer deposition. The surface loss probability of CF 2 and CF 3 was measured in various conditions which suggested the importance of surface chemistry of radicals.
Lithium Insertion in Several Molybdenum(IV) Oxide Phases at Room Temperature (1988)

The electrochemical insertion of lithium into several Li‐Mo(IV)‐O ternary phases, as well as itself, is described. The standard molar Gibbs' free energies of formation of the various insertion products have been measured and are compared with those of the parent materials. Further, lithium chemical diffusion coefficients are reported for several compositions.
Feasibility of direct digital sampling for diffuse optical frequency domain spectroscopy in tissue (2013)

Frequency domain optical spectroscopy in the diffusive regime is currently being investigated for biomedical applications including tumor detection, therapy monitoring, exercise metabolism, and others. Analog homodyne or heterodyne detection of sinusoidally modulated signals have been the predominant method for measuring phase and amplitude of photon density waves that have traversed through tissue. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing direct digital sampling of modulated signals using a 3.6 Gigasample/second 12 bit Analog to Digital Converter. Digitally synthesized modulated signals between 50MHz and 400MHz were measured on tissue simulating phantoms at six near-infrared wavelengths. An amplitude and phase precision of 1% and 0.6 degrees were achieved during drift tests. Amplitude, phase, scattering and absorption values were compared with a well-characterized network analyzer based diffuse optical device. Measured optical properties measured with both systems were within 3.6% for absorption and 2.8% for scattering over a range of biologically relevant values. Direct digital sampling represents a viable method for frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy and has the potential to reduce system complexity, size, and cost.
Light‐ and Electron Microscopic Studies of Cherry Leaf Roll Virus (CLRV) on European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) (1991)

Abstract Deformed leaves of CLRV‐infected ash trees exhibited hyperplasia of mesophyll cells, multilayered palisade parenchyma, undulated lower epidermis, and meandering vascular bundles. The development of phloem and xylem cells was greatly inhibited. In tissues from chlorotic ringspots and line patterns, chloroplasts were highly inflated by starch grains and phloem necrosis could be observed. Plasmodesms in these tissues were dilated and revealed enhanced contrast. Fingerlike protrusions of polysaccharidic material enclosed the elongations of plasmodesms. Vesiculated paramural bodies were connected with altered plasmodesms. Virus‐like particles could neither be observed in altered plasmodesms nor elsewere in the cytoplasm. Chloroplasts in infected tissues frequently were deformed as a result of cytoplasmic invaginations. The outer chloroplast membrane protruded into the cytoplasm at several locations. Thylakoid membranes were partly dilated.
On the resolution of statics, structure, and residual normal moveout (1981)

Abstract The problem of separation of reflection times into the component parts of source static, receiver static, structure time, and residual normal moveout (RNMO) is presented. A new solution is derived which is valid for wavelengths ranging from a group interval at the short end to a distance equal to the separation between the full-fold positions at the long end. In the absence of RNMO, this solution, though not unique, is, however, optimum with regard to stability against noise in general. In the presence of RNMO, the solution is most stable against white noise. Additionally, it is concluded that the underconstrained nature of the problem is of minor practical consequence.The new method is based on the two-dimensional (2-D) spectrum of the reflection times considered as a function of the spatial variables of common depth point (CDP) and offset. The resultant equations yield a simple, explicit solution for each separate wavelength. The computation is rapid and directly controllable by selection of the desired wavelengths.Synthetic examples are used to demonstrate the properties of this method of solution.
The intracellular deletions of DELTA and SERRATE define dominant negative forms of the <i>Drosophila</i> Notch ligands (1996)

We examined the function of the intracellular domains of the two known Drosophila Notch ligands, Delta and Serrate, by expressing wild-type and mutant forms in the developing Drosophila eye under the sevenless promoter. The expression of intracellularly truncated forms of either Delta (sev-DlTM) or Serrate (sev-SerTM) leads to extra photoreceptor phenotypes, similar to the eye phenotypes associated with loss-of-function mutations of either Notch or Delta. Consistent with the notion that the truncated ligands reduce. Notch signalling activity, the eye phenotypes of sev-DlTM and sev-SerTM are enhanced by loss-of-function mutations in the Notch pathway elements, Notch, Delta, mastermind, deltex and groucho, but are suppressed by a duplication of Delta or mutations in Hairless, a negative regulator of the pathway. These observations were extended to the molecular level by demonstrating that the expression of Enhancer of split m delta, a target of Notch signalling, is down-regulated by the truncated ligands highly expressed in neighbouring cells. We conclude that the truncated ligands act as antagonists of Notch signalling.
Squamosamide Derivative FLZ Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from Oxidative Stress through Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-AKT Signaling (2014)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis is attributed to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. FLZ, a novel synthetic squamosamide derivative from a Chinese herb, Annona glabra, has displayed significant cyto-protective activity. In the current study, we explored the pro-survival effect of FLZ in oxidative stressed-RPE cells and studied the underlying signaling mechanisms. Our results showed that FLZ attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced viability decrease and apoptosis in the RPE cell line (ARPE-19 cells) and in primary mouse RPE cells. Western blotting results showed that FLZ activated AKT signaling in RPE cells. The AKT-specific inhibitor, MK-2206, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pan inhibitor, wortmannin, and AKT1-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) depletion almost abolished FLZ-mediated pro-survival/anti-apoptosis activity. We discovered that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trans-activation mediated FLZ-induced AKT activation and the pro-survival effect in RPE cells, and the anti-apoptosis effect of FLZ against H2O2 was inhibited by the EGFR inhibitor, PD153035, or by EGFR shRNA-knockdown. In conclusion, FLZ protects RPE cells from oxidative stress through activation of EGFR-AKT signaling, and our results suggest that FLZ might have therapeutic values for AMD.
Comparison of effects of nicked and unnicked Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin on Chinese hamster ovary cells (1984)

The effect on nicking (proteolytic cleavage) of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) on its activities on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was examined. LT nicked with trypsin induced morphological change (elongation) of CHO cells from round to spindle-shaped cells faster than did unnicked LT. The times for elongation of 50% of the CHO cells with nicked and unnicked LT were 3 and 6 h, respectively. The activity of nicked LT on CHO cells was not inhibited by antiserum 20 min after treatment, whereas that of unnicked LT was inhibited by antiserum until ca. 130 to 160 min after treatment. These data suggest that unnicked LT remains on the cell surface longer than nicked LT and thus induces morphological changes of CHO cells more slowly than does nicked LT.
Analytical model of spectrometer-based two-beam spectral interferometry (2007)

We report an analytical model of signal formation in spectrometer-based two-beam spectral interferometry. Considering the pixel size, the optical resolution and the spectral resolution of the spectrometer, and dispersion, the model represents the signal recorded by a spectrometer based on a diffraction grating and linear detector array. The model is general, but degenerates to more familiar forms with simplifying assumptions. The model is validated by comparison with experimental measurements, where it is shown that the model can accurately predict both signal fall-off and axial resolution for Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography imaging. The model may be useful for determining design specifications and expected performance parameters for spectrometers for spectral interferometry.
Image fusion using CT, MRI and PET for treatment planning, navigation and follow up in percutaneous RFA. (2009)

Fusion of morphologic and functional images is feasible before, during and after radiofrequency ablation of tumors in abdominal organs. For routine use, the semi-automated registration algorithms may be most practical. Image fusion may facilitate interventional procedures like RFA and should be further evaluated.
Dietary Cu stabilizes brain superoxide dismutase 1 activity and reduces amyloid Aβ production in APP23 transgenic mice (2003)

The Cu-binding beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the amyloid Abeta peptide have been proposed to play a role in physiological metal regulation. There is accumulating evidence of an unbalanced Cu homeostasis with a causative or diagnostic link to Alzheimer's disease. Whereas elevated Cu levels are observed in APP knockout mice, APP overexpression results in reduced Cu in transgenic mouse brain. Moreover, Cu induces a decrease in Abeta levels in APP-transfected cells in vitro. To investigate the influence of bioavailable Cu, transgenic APP23 mice received an oral treatment with Cu-supplemented sucrose-sweetened drinking water (1). Chronic APP overexpression per se reduced superoxide dismutase 1 activity in transgenic mouse brain, which could be restored to normal levels after Cu treatment (2). A significant increase of brain Cu indicated its bioavailability on Cu treatment in APP23 mice, whereas Cu levels remained unaffected in littermate controls (3). Cu treatment lowered endogenous CNS Abeta before a detectable reduction of amyloid plaques. Thus, APP23 mice reveal APP-induced alterations linked to Cu homeostasis, which can be reversed by addition of dietary Cu.
Acyl and thioacyl isocyanates. XIII. Reactions of benzoyl and thiobenzoyl isocyanates with hydrazobenzenes and further investigation of the reaction of thiobenzoyl isocyanate with phenylhydrazine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyl and thioacyl isocyanates. XIII. Reactions of benzoyl and thiobenzoyl isocyanates with hydrazobenzenes and further investigation of the reaction of thiobenzoyl isocyanate with phenylhydrazineOtohiko Tsuge and Shuji KanemasaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 17, 2972–2976Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00957a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00957a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A statistics of rare events method for transportation systems (2001)

A method is proposed for quantifying the expected number of accidents for a transportation system during some operating period. The operating period is divided into two parts. There is normal operation where everything is working correctly. These intervals can be studied deterministically by arguments-from-design or by tests. There is unsafe operation where equipment has failed, an error has occurred, or traffic perturbations have produced unusual circumstances. Such stochastic phenomena can be studied by experiments or simulation. These two types of operation create a natural partition. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo method based on this partition that appears appropriate for studying scarce events. Estimators for this method are developed. It is shown they are unbiased, and confidence intervals derived. There is also a discussion of integrating random failures with traffic flow in discrete event simulation.