gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
뽕나무 접목묘에 관한 연구 7 . 접목 후 톱밥저장에 의한 조기접목 (1993)

Mulberry grafting season is normally a one month period starting at the end of March. Such a short period creates a shortage of qualified grafters and inflates wages. Pine tree sawdust was tested as a medium in which to preserve graftages. Sawdust was moistened to two ratios of water to dry weight of sawdust (1.5 and 2.0). Scions were either grafted the same day they were colleted or first incubated for 10 days at 15°C. Grafting period could be extended to the middle of February under 1.5 times moisture content and fresh scions. Preservation of scions increased water content T-N. P2O5. CaO and inositol. whereas decreased total C, glucose and fructose. With no preservation total C decreased, inositol increased slightly early March followed sharp decrease, and sucrose increased with time.
Adsorption of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO, and CO<sub>2</sub> on Activated Carbons: Equilibrium and Thermodynamics (2014)

To investigate the coadsorption of SO2, NO, and CO2 from the flue gas, adsorption equilibrium tests of SO2, NO, and CO2 on coconut shell activated carbon (SAC) and coal-based activated carbon (CAC) were conducted at the temperatures (323, 343, and 363) K by the static volumetric method. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Toth model. Henry’s constant was calculated by the Virial model; the results showed that adsorption affinity followed the order SO2 > CO2 > NO > N2 on SAC, and SO2 > NO > CO2 > N2 on CAC. Then thermodynamics data, including Gibbs’ free energy, entropy, and enthalpy, were also calculated to characterize adsorption behaviors. SO2 had the highest degree of freedom, while CO2 formed a most regular configuration. The efficiency of molecule packing in CAC was lower than that in SAC. Finally, competitive adsorption of different flue gas components was predicted by the extended Toth model. The adsorption amount followed the order CO2 > N2 > SO2 > NO for both adsorbents. SAC had better adsorption property than CAC in the multicomponent adsorption.
Effects of low-level laser therapy on the progress of wound healing in humans: the contribution of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies (2007)

Low-level laser therapy is an important method for the treatment of healing processes, and several experimental studies have been carried out in search of a greater understanding of its therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this study was to review pathogenetic aspects of soft tissue repair to better understand skin lesion healing and the role of low-intensity laser in the progression of tissue healing. This study consists of a concise review of scientific literature data on the use of low-level laser and its influence on wound healing. Many studies have extensively covered the effects of using laser radiation in tissues, describing its beneficial aspects in tissue healing. However, many unanswered questions demand research on the mechanism of action and on parameters of low-level laser use in different stages of wound repair to clarify how this method acts at a cell level in healing processes.
Origin of Enantioselectivity in the Asymmetric Ru-Catalyzed Metathesis of Olefins (2004)

The mechanism of enantioselectivity in the asymmetric Ru-catalyzed metathesis of olefins is investigated with a theoretical approach. The models are based on the chiral N-heterocyclic (NHC)-based catalysts developed by Grubbs. Our analysis indicates that the origin of enantioselectivity in the ring-closing metathesis of achiral trienes is correlated to the chiral folding of the N-bonded aromatic groups, which is imposed by the Ph groups in positions 4 and 5 of the imidazole ring of the NHC ligand. This chiral folding of the catalyst imposes a chiral orientation around the Ru=C bond, which, in turn, selects between the two enantiofaces of the substrate. In the ring-closing transition state, the geometry in which additional groups on the forming ring are in pseudoequatorial positions is favored over transition states in which this additional group is in a pseudoaxial position. These combined effects rationalize the enantiomeric excesses experimentally obtained.
ULTRAFILTRATION CONCEPT FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER (1973)

Discharge of oily wastes from shipboard operations of deballasting, bilge pumping and slop tank cleaning constitutes a serious water pollution problem. Membrane ultrafiltration was studied in this project as a means of generating a highly purified water from a variety of oily wastes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Splitting of Acetals to Unsaturated Ethers. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polymerization of Acetylene by Slow Electrons (1938)

The polymerization of acetylene gas has been accomplished by low velocity electrons (40–90 e.v.). The reaction was followed by noting the pressure drop in a flow system by means of a hot wire gauge. An attempt was made to determine the number of molecules reacting per ion pair produced by the electrons. Secondary electrons must be considered in the current measurement. The difficulty of evaluating this secondary current allowed only a rough calculation of the M/N ratio to be made. The estimated maximum value is about 8. Beside the pressure drop observed, further evidence for reaction was established by obtaining a solid reaction product in a 48‐hour run. This material had a yellow color and behaved like cuprene.
Systematic Tuning of Zn(II) Frameworks with Furan, Thiophene, and Selenophene Dipyridyl and Dicarboxylate Ligands (2017)

Twelve Zn(II) frameworks with furan, thiophene, and selenophene dicarboxylate and dipyridyl ligands have been synthesized by solvothermal methods in both the presence and the absence of water to investigate the subtle differences in structure and properties of the framework with changes in the linearity of the ligands. The large change in the ligand bend angle (10°) of the furan ring when compared to either thiophene or selenophene results in the formation of a number of frameworks with unexpected topologies. By using only ligands containing thiophene and selenophene, which differ in their ligand bend angle by only 2°, a series of four isostructural Zn(II) paddlewheel frameworks were obtained and their subtle differences investigated using UV/vis/NIR spectroscopy and gas adsorption experiments with N2, H2, and CO2.
An efficient OSD-aided iterative decoding algorithm for LTE turbo codes (2012)

In this paper, we propose an efficient Ordered statistic decoding (OSD)-aided turbo decoding algorithm for LTE turbo codes to improve the error performance of conventional turbo decoding. More significant performance gain can be achieved for short codes and high-rate punctured codes. Considering the Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) oscillation, we introduce a more reliable method to reconstruct ordered information sequence in terms of the accumulated LLR of each bit in the codeword. Additionally, we present a simple encoding method based on bit flipping to decrease the computational complexity. The simulation results show that noticeable performance gains are achieved by the proposed OSD-aided schemes.
Relaxing non-volatility for fast and energy-efficient STT-RAM caches (2011)

Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is an emerging non-volatile memory technology that is a potential universal memory that could replace SRAM in processor caches. This paper presents a novel approach for redesigning STT-RAM memory cells to reduce the high dynamic energy and slow write latencies. We lower the retention time by reducing the planar area of the cell, thereby reducing the write current, which we then use with CACTI to design caches and memories. We simulate quad-core processor designs using a combination of SRAM- and STT-RAM-based caches. Since ultra-low retention STT-RAM may lose data, we also provide a preliminary evaluation for a simple, DRAM-style refresh policy. We found that a pure STT-RAM cache hierarchy provides the best energy efficiency, though a hybrid design of SRAM-based L1 caches with reduced-retention STT-RAM L2 and L3 caches eliminates performance loss while still reducing the energy-delay product by more than 70%.
The First Challenge: Anticipating Death (2007)

What produces more activity from a person: anticipation or ignorance? What produces greater anxiety in a person: anticipation or denial and ignorance? Can a people, any people, remain uninterested, complacent or passive in the face of a known threat that they have witnessed time and again? Does death move people?
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 45) (2014)

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2014 are reviewed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of Proteins and the Disruption of Microbial Cells (1987)

Abstract Intracellular proteins with catalytic or biological activity are of growing importance for developments in enzyme technology, as well as for the production of mammalian proteins by recombinant‐DNA technology. The release of these proteins from microorganisms is an important unit operation, as it is the first step in their isolation. Gram‐scale disruption of microorganisms can be performed by a variety of established methods based on chemical, enzymatic, physical, or mechanical principles. For the large scale disruption of microorganisms, mechanical disintegrators, such as high‐speed agitator bead mills or high‐pressure industrial homogenizers, are commonly employed. Both types of equipment were designed originally for other tasks; in the paint industry or in the milk industry, respectively. Therefore, it appeared necessary and possible to improve design and performance for the application in cell disintegration. The goal is a uniform exposure of the microbial cells and a minimal exposure of solubilized protein to high shear forces, in order to obtain high yields and to avoid the generation of too small cell wall fragments, which are difficult to separate. Both types of machines have been investigated for the disintegration of different microbial cells and the influence of the operating parameters analyzed on protein solubilization and enzyme yield. We will summarize the state of the art and discuss new data to illustrate trends in process development.
In Silico Identification and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals That Act via the Ligand-Binding Domain of the Estrogen Receptor α (2014)

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pose a significant threat to human health, society, and the environment. Many EDCs elicit their toxic effects through nuclear hormone receptors, like the estrogen receptor α (ERα). In silico models can be used to prioritize chemicals for toxicological evaluation to reduce the amount of costly pharmacological testing and enable early alerts for newly designed compounds. However, many of the current computational models are overly dependent on the chemistry of known modulators and perform poorly for novel chemical scaffolds. Herein we describe the development of computational, three-dimensional multi-conformational pocket-field docking, and chemical-field docking models for the identification of novel EDCs that act via the ligand-binding domain of ERα. These models were highly accurate in the retrospective task of distinguishing known high-affinity ERα modulators from inactive or decoy molecules, with minimal training. To illustrate the utility of the models in prospective in silico compound screening, we screened a database of over 6000 environmental chemicals and evaluated the 24 top-ranked hits in an ERα transcriptional activation assay and a differential scanning fluorimetry-based ERα binding assay. Promisingly, six chemicals displayed ERα agonist activity (32nM-3.98μM) and two chemicals had moderately stabilizing effects on ERα. Two newly identified active compounds were chemically related β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonists, dobutamine, and ractopamine (a feed additive that promotes leanness in cattle and poultry), which are the first βAR agonists identified as activators of ERα-mediated gene transcription. This approach can be applied to other receptors implicated in endocrine disruption.
CYCLOSPORINE, FK506, AND RAPAMYCIN (1990)

Both cyclosporine and FK506 (FK) inhibit Con A-stimulated mouse spleen cells from entering the cell division cycle at the G0/G1 interface. Rapamycin, a fungal metabolite structurally related to FK, acts later and blocks progress through the cell division cycle at some point in G1. The effect of CsA, FK, and rapamycin drug combinations appeared additive, while certain concentrations of FK and rapamycin appeared to be antagonistic. The early blockade of lymphocyte activation caused by CsA and by FK was not due to altered membrane transport kinetics, nor to perturbation of the dynamic behavior of actin. However, both drugs showed the same specific effects on gene activation over a profile of genes encoding oncoproteins, putative transcription factors, cyclophilin, heat-shock proteins, IL-2, and IL-2-R. Of note was the drug-associated super-induction of krox-24 and reduced induction of krox-20. Both krox-24 and krox-20 encode proteins containing zinc-binding fingers, and are likely to regulate gene transcription, and this is the first report of gene control mechanisms being specifically affected by CsA and by FK.
Starch-based plastic foams from various starch sources. (1996)

Corn, tapioca, wheat, rice, and potato starches were extruded with 30% polystyrene and 5% magnesium silicate or 1% polycarbonate or 0.5% azodicarbonamide in a single screw C. W. Brabender laboratory extruder at 140°C barrel temperature, 140 rpm screw speed, and 16% starch moisture content on dry weight basis. The foams did not show presence of either free starch or polystyrene. The components were well grafted as was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns of extrudates and water solubility indexes. The expansion, unit density and water solubility index of the extrudates depended on source of starch and the type of additive. In general, tapioca and corn starches gave the best products with any of the additives.
Promoter elements required for positive control of transcription of the Escherichia coli uhpT gene (1992)

The uhpABCT locus of Escherichia coli encodes the transport system which allows the cell to accumulate a variety of sugar phosphates in unaltered form. The expression of uhpT, the gene encoding the transport protein, is regulated by the uhpABC gene products. The UhpA protein is required for expression; its deduced amino acid sequence shows that it belongs to a subfamily of bacterial transcription regulators including NarL, DegU, and FixJ. Members of this subfamily have an amino-terminal phosphorylation domain characteristic of so-called two-component regulators, such as OmpR, CheY, PhoB, and NtrC, and a carboxyl-terminal domain conserved among many transcriptional activators, including LuxR and MalT. The major sequence elements in the uhpT promoter that are needed for uhpT expression were investigated. Northern (RNA) hybridization analysis showed that the uhpT transcript was only present in cells induced for UhpT transport activity. The start site of transcription was identified by primer extension. Comparison of the regions upstream of the uhpT transcription start site in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium suggested the presence of four sequence elements that might be involved in promoter function: a typical -10 region, a short inverted repeat centered at -32, a long inverted repeat centered at -64, and a cyclic AMP receptor protein-binding sequence centered at -103. Deletion and linker substitution mutations in the promoter demonstrated that the presence of the cyclic AMP receptor protein-binding site resulted in about an eightfold increase in promoter activity and that the -64, -32, and -10 elements were essential for promoter function. In vivo titration of transcriptional activator UhpA by the intact or mutant promoters on multicopy plasmids identified the -64 element as the UhpA-binding site. The two halves of the -64 inverted repeat did not contribute equally to promoter function and did not have to be intact for UhpA titration. The sequence recognized by UhpA is predicted to be 5' -GGCAAAACNNNGAAA.
Proximity interactions between wireless sensors and their application (2003)

Many applications in ubiquitous computing rely on knowing where people and objects are relative to each other. By placing small wireless sensors on people, at specific locations, and on or in a wide variety of everyday objects we can collect these proximate relationships and deduce much about a person's or an object's context. This paper investigates the practical issues of recording these proximity interactions using RF wireless sensors and explores the benefits of collecting/mining proximity data and how user context and usage habits can be inferred for use by proactive applications. We describe some of the issues we faced in collecting usable proximity data from RF wireless sensors. Specifically, we discuss some of the ranging experiments we conducted, our approach to utilizing the limited local data store, and how we implemented a low-overhead time synchronization scheme. We present initial results from one of the applications we are targeting: a proactive reminding system that informs users when they leave important items behind.
Miniature Ultrasensitive Superconducting Magnetic Gradiometer and Its Use in Cardiography and Other Applications (1971)

A portable magnetic gradiometer was built using an rf-biased point contact device as a sensor and a superconducting flux transformer 2.5 cm in diameter by 10 cm long to couple to the gradient of the external field. The instrument is limited by fluctuations which are probably associated with an uneven boiling of the cryogenic liquids and by environmental fluctuations in some locations. It is shown that the inherent sensitivity can be increased by an order of magnitude by increasing the bias frequency from 30 to 300 MHz. A possible use of the instrument as a magnetocardiograph in an unshielded environment was demonstrated.
Deletion of 150 kb in the Minimal Digeorge/Velocardiofacial Syndrome Critical Region in Mouse (1999)

Deletions or rearrangements of human chromosome 22q11 lead to a variety of related clinical syndromes such as DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). In addition, patients with 22q11 deletions have an increased incidence of schizophrenia and several studies have mapped susceptibility loci for schizophrenia to this region. Human molecular genetic studies have so far failed to identify the crucial genes or disruption mechanisms that result in these disorders. We have used gene targeting in the mouse to delete a defined region within the conserved DGS critical region (DGCR) on mouse chromosome 16 to prospectively investigate the role of the mouse DGCR in 22q11 syndromes. The deletion spans a conserved portion (∼150 kb) of the proximal region of the DGCR, containing at least seven genes (Znf74l, Idd, Tsk1, Tsk2, Es2, Gscl and Ctp). Mice heterozygous for this deletion display no findings of DGS/VCFS in either inbred or mixed backgrounds. However, heterozygous mice display an increase in prepulse inhibition of the startle response, a manifestation of sensorimotor gating that is reduced in humans with schizophrenia. Homozygous deleted mice die soon after implantation, demonstrating that the deleted region contains genes essential for early post-implantation embryonic development. These results suggest that heterozygous deletion of this portion of the DGCR is sufficient for sensorimotor gating abnormalities, but not sufficient to produce the common features of DGS/VCFS in the mouse.
Termination of spiral waves during cardiac fibrillation via shock-induced phase resetting (2005)

Multiple unstable spiral waves rotating around phase singularities (PSs) in the heart, i.e., ventricular fibrillation (VF), is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Spiral waves are ubiquitous in nature and have been extensively studied by physiologists, mathematicians, chemists, and biologists, with particular emphasis on their movement and stability. Spiral waves are not easy to terminate because of the difficulty of "breaking" the continuous spatial progression of phase around the PSs. The only means to stop VF (i.e., cardiac defibrillation) is to deliver a strong electric shock to the heart. Here, we use the similarities between spiral wave dynamics and limit cycle oscillators to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of VF and defibrillation via phase-resetting curves. During VF, only PSs, including their formation and termination, were associated with large phase changes. At low shock strengths, phase-resetting curves exhibited characteristics of weak (type 1) resetting. As shock strength increased, the number of postshock PSs decreased to zero coincident with a transition to strong (type 0) resetting. Our results indicate that shock-induced spiral wave termination in the heart is caused by altering the phase around the PSs, such that, depending on the preshock phase, sites are either excited by membrane depolarization (phase advanced) or exhibit slowed membrane repolarization (phase delay). Strong shocks that defibrillate break the continuity of phase around PSs by forcing the state of all sites to the fast portion of state space, thus quickly leading to a "homogeneity of state," subsequent global repolarization and spiral wave termination.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Modified Polymer Surfaces and Metal—Polymer Interfaces (1990)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the interfacial chemistry between evaporated Ag and polymer surfaces with and without plasma modification. The initial stages of metallization in the sub-atomic layer regime were monitored. For an oxygen-free polymer such as polyethylene (PE), which exhibits poor adhesion with evaporated Ag, the XPS results suggest no chemical interaction with the formation of very large Ag clusters. For an oxygen-containing polymer such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), where the adhesion of evaporated Ag is greater compared to PE, the XPS results suggest charge transfer between Ag and the carbonyl oxygen in PET. Plasma treatment with oxygen introduces specific reactive sites resulting in additional chemical bond formation between the evaporated Ag and the polymer surface. These results are consistent with the significant improvement in adhesion observed for plasma treatment with a reactive gas.