gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Studies of the Dehydrocoupling and Dehydropolymerization of Amine–Boranes Using a [Rh(Xantphos)]<sup>+</sup> Catalyst (2014)

A detailed catalytic, stoichiometric, and mechanistic study on the dehydrocoupling of H3B·NMe2H and dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2 using the [Rh(Xantphos)](+) fragment is reported. At 0.2 mol % catalyst loadings, dehydrocoupling produces dimeric [H2B-NMe2]2 and poly(methylaminoborane) (M(n) = 22,700 g mol(-1), PDI = 2.1), respectively. The stoichiometric and catalytic kinetic data obtained suggest that similar mechanisms operate for both substrates, in which a key feature is an induction period that generates the active catalyst, proposed to be a Rh-amido-borane, that reversibly binds additional amine-borane so that saturation kinetics (Michaelis-Menten type steady-state approximation) operate during catalysis. B-N bond formation (with H3B·NMeH2) or elimination of amino-borane (with H3B·NMe2H) follows, in which N-H activation is proposed to be turnover limiting (KIE = 2.1 ± 0.2), with suggested mechanisms that only differ in that B-N bond formation (and the resulting propagation of a polymer chain) is favored for H3B·NMeH2 but not H3B·NMe2H. Importantly, for the dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2, polymer formation follows a chain growth process from the metal (relatively high degrees of polymerization at low conversions, increased catalyst loadings lead to lower-molecular-weight polymer), which is not living, and control of polymer molecular weight can be also achieved by using H2 (M(n) = 2,800 g mol(-1), PDI = 1.8) or THF solvent (M(n) = 52,200 g mol(-1), PDI = 1.4). Hydrogen is suggested to act as a chain transfer agent in a similar way to the polymerization of ethene, leading to low-molecular-weight polymer, while THF acts to attenuate chain transfer and accordingly longer polymer chains are formed. In situ studies on the likely active species present data that support a Rh-amido-borane intermediate as the active catalyst. An alternative Rh(III) hydrido-boryl complex, which has been independently synthesized and structurally characterized, is discounted as an intermediate by kinetic studies. A mechanism for dehydropolymerization is suggested in which the putative amido-borane species dehydrogenates an additional H3B·NMeH2 to form the "real monomer" amino-borane H2B═NMeH that undergoes insertion into the Rh-amido bond to propagate the growing polymer chain from the metal. Such a process is directly analogous to the chain growth mechanism for single-site olefin polymerization.
Information Security Automation: How Far Can We Go? (2011)

Information security management is a very complex task which involves the implementation and monitoring of more than 130 security controls. To achieve greater efficiency in this process it is necessary to automate as many controls as possible. This paper provides an analysis of how many controls can be automated, based on the standards ISO 27001 and NIST SP800-53. Furthermore, we take the automation potential of controls included in the Consensus Audit Guidelines into account. Finally, we provide an overview of security applications that support automation in the operation of information security controls to increase the efficiency of information security management.
<title>Combined hardware/software solution for stream prefetching in multimedia applications</title> (1998)

Prefetch techniques may, in general, be applied to reduce the miss rate of a processor's data cache and thereby improve the overall performance of the processor. More in particular, stream prefetch techniques can be applied to prefetch data streams that are often encountered in multimedia applications. Stream prefetch techniques exploit the fact that data from such streams are often accessed in a regular fashion. Implementing a stream prefetch technique involves two issues, viz. stream combined hardware/software stream prefetch technique. A special stream-prefetch instruction is introduced to alert the hardware that load instructions access a data stream. Subsequently, prefetching is handled by the hardware automatically in such a way that the rate at which the data is prefetched is synchronized with the rate at which the prefetched data is processed by the application. These kinds of stream prefetch techniques have been proposed earlier but use instruction addresses for synchronization. The technique that is introduced in this paper uses a different synchronization mechanism that does not suffer from drawbacks of instruction address synchronization.
Effective in-line defect monitoring with variable wafer area coverage (2002)

The main purpose of this paper is to provide yield management personnel in semiconductor fabs an understanding of the impact of partial wafer area coverage when performing in-line defect monitoring. We present a heuristic approach of dynamic sampling with variable wafer area scanning, through a numerical example based on actual fab data.
Continuous Gesture Recognition System Using Improved HMM Algorithm Based on 2D and 3D Space (2012)

In this paper, we explain a study on natural user interface (NUI) in human gesture recognition using RGB color information and depth information by Kinect camera from Microsoft Corporation. To achieve the goal, hand tracking and gesture recognition have no major dependencies of the work environment, lighting or users’ skin color, libraries of particular use for natural interaction and Kinect device, which serves to provide RGB images of the environment and the depth map of the scene were used. An improved Camshift tracking algorithm combined with depth information is used to tracking hand motion, and then an associative method of HMM and FNN is propose for gesture recognition step. The experimental results show out its good performance and it has higher stability and accuracy as well.
Downregulation of CD28 surface antigen on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection. (1994)

A progressive significant decrease of CD28 surface antigen expression on CD4+ (mean, 90, 86, 79, 68% in stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively, versus 96% in normals), as well as on CD8+ T lymphocytes (mean, 38, 32, 31, and 29% in stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively, versus 47% in normals) was observed during HIV-1 infection. The increase of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells, in both percentage and absolute numbers, that was observed in almost all HIV-1 patients, was associated with an increase of the CD8+ cells lacking the CD28 surface antigen. The loss of CD28 antigen expression was parallel to the increase of CD38, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, and CD45RO antigen expression on T lymphocytes throughout the disease. Furthermore, a positive significant correlation within the CD4+ but not the CD8+ subset was observed between the percentage of cells lacking the CD28 antigen and the percentage of cells expressing the HLA-DR and CD38 antigens, a finding suggesting that the loss of CD28 antigen expression on CD4+ lymphocytes may be associated with T-lymphocyte activation. Patients treated with zidovudine showed no significant differences in the percentages of either CD4+CD28+ or CD8+CD28+ T-cell subsets when compared to untreated patients. These phenotypic changes may be associated with the functional defects of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected individuals.
Studies in photochemistry. Part VI. The photocyclodehydrogenation of some styrylquinolines and styrylisoquinoline (1968)

The irradiation of dilute solutions of 3- and 4-styrylisoquinoline and 1-(3-pyridyl)-2-(4-quinolyl)ethylene in hexane or cyclohexane with ultraviolet light gave, as major products, the expected polycyclic aza-aromatic compounds, benzo[a]phenanthridine, benzo[c]phenanthridine, and benzo[c]-2,8-phenathroline respectively. The attempted photocyclisation of 2-styrylquinoline and 1-(3-pyridyl)-2-(2-quinolyl)ethylene failed to give cyclised products.
Bcl-2 expression prevents activation of the ICE protease cascade. (1996)

The Bcl-2 family and the ICE family of cysteine proteases play important roles in regulating cell death. We show here that induction of cell death by a Ca2+ ionophore or hypoxia results in increased levels and activity of active ICE(-like) proteases and the subsequent activation of CPP32/Yama(-like) proteases, and that inhibition of these protease activities reduces the extent of cell death. Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL inhibits the cell death and the activation of ICE(-like) and CPP32/Yama(-like) proteases, indicating that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL act upstream of these proteases. We also show that specific inhibition of ICE(-like) proteases in vivo prevents activation of CPP32/Yama(-like) proteases, whereas inhibition of CPP32/Yama(-like) proteases does not prevent activation of ICE(-like) proteases, suggesting the existence of a protease cascade in vivo that requires ICE(-like) proteases for activation of CPP32/Yama(-like) proteases. Induction of necrotic cell death by KCN also induces activation of ICE(-like) proteases but not of CPP32/Yama(-like) proteases, and Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibit the activation and the cell death, suggesting that the functional site of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL is also upstream of ICE(-like) proteases in at least some forms of necrosis.
Development of holonomic omnidirectional Vehicle with &#x201C;Omni-Ball&#x201D;: spherical wheels (2007)

In this paper, mechanical design of a novel spherical wheel shape for a omni-directional mobile robot is presented. The wheel is used in a omnidirectional mobile robot realizing high step-climbing capability with its hemispherical wheel. Conventional Omniwheels can realize omnidirectional motion, however they have a poor step overcoming ability due to the sub-wheel small size. The proposed desing solves this drawback by means of a 4 wheeled design. “Omni-Ball” is formed by two passive rotational hemispherical wheels and one active rotational axis. An actual prototype model has been developed to illustrate the concept and to perform preliminary motion experiments, through which the basic performance of the Omnidirectional vechicle with this proposed Omni-Ball mechanism was confirmed. An prototype has been developed to illustrate the concept. Motion experiments, with a test vehicle are also presented.
Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence microscopy accurately classifies precancerous and cancerous human cervix free of labeling (2018)

Cervical cancer remains the fourth most common cause of cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer deaths for women in developing countries. Traditional screening tools, such as human papillomavirus and Pap tests, cannot provide results in real-time and cannot localize suspicious regions. Colposcopy-directed biopsies are invasive in nature and only a few sites of the cervix may be chosen for investigation. A non-invasive, label-free and real-time imaging method with a resolution approaching that of histopathology is desirable for early detection of the disease. <b>Methods:</b> Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is an emerging imaging technique used to obtain 3-dimensional (3-D) "optical biopsies" of biological samples with cellular resolution. In this study, 497 3-D OCM datasets from 159 specimens were collected from 92 patients. <b>Results:</b> Distinctive patterns for normal cervix, squamocolumnar junction, ectropion, low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL) and invasive cervical lesions were clearly observed from OCM images, which matched well with corresponding histological slides. OCM images demonstrated a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval, CI, 72%-86%) and a specificity of 89% (95% CI, 84%-93%) for detecting high-risk lesions (HSIL and invasive lesions) when blindly tested by three investigators. A substantial inter-observer agreement was observed (κ=0.627), which showed high diagnostic consistency among three investigators. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results laid the foundation for future non-invasive optical evaluation of cervical tissue <i>in vivo</i>, which could lead to a less invasive and more effective screening and "see-and-treat" strategy for the management of cervical cancer.
Ecological Planning: Retrospect and Prospect (1988)

The appropriate fit of people to their environment (natural and human-made) is a seminal planning theme. The use of ecological principles to help achieve that fit has become a recurrent theme in the literature of planning. A variety of approaches that generally fall under the rubric of “ecological planning” has resulted. Ecological planning has been defined as the use of socio-cultural and bio-physical information to provide options for policy and decision makers regarding the myriad of interrelationships between humans and environment. This article explores the historical foundations of ecological planning; identifies the major themes from the literature and from practice; explores the issues that have been addressed and directions the field has taken; assesses the growth and development of the field over time; and explores its potential for the future.
The Pathogenesis of Shigella Diarrhea. VI. Toxin and Antitoxin in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei Infections in Humans (1977)

Two strains of Shigella flexneri and one of Shigella sonnei were studied for toxin production in vitro. All of the three strains produced a cell-free cytotoxin that showed marked similarity to that produced by Shigella dysenteriae 1. Each toxin eluted in two distinct peaks on chromatography with Sephadex G-150, was destroyed by heating at 90 C for 30 min, and was neutralized by S. dysenteriae 1 antitoxin. Patients with infections due to S. flexneri and S. sonnei developed antibody that neutralized S. dysenteriae 1 toxin in vitro. In three of seven positive sera studied by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation, antibody activity was associated only with the IgM fraction. The time course of the antibody response resembled that found in infections due to S. dysenteriae 1, in which an IgM antitoxin antibody has also been described. Since three species of Shigella have now been shown to be toxigenic, it is possible that bacterial toxin may play a role, along with bacterial invasion, in the pathogenesis of infections due to S. flexneri and S. sonnei, as well as those due to S. dysenteriae 1.
Large‐scale particle image velocimetry for measurements in riverine environments (2008)

Large‐scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) is a nonintrusive approach to measure velocities at the free surface of a water body. The raw LSPIV results are instantaneous water surface velocity fields, spanning flow areas up to hundreds of square meters. Measurements conducted in typical conditions in conjunction with appropriate selections of parameters for image processing resulted in mean velocity errors of less than 3.5%. The current article reviews the background of LSPIV and the work of three research teams spanning over a decade. Implementation examples using various LSPIV configurations are then described to illustrate the capability of the technique to characterize spatially distributed two‐ and three‐dimensional flow kinematic features that can be related to important morphologic and hydrodynamic aspects of natural rivers. Finally, results and a critique of research methods are discussed to encourage LSPIV use and to improve its capabilities to collect field data needed to better understand complex geomorphic, hydrologic, and ecologic river processes and interactions under normal and extreme conditions.
Violence and mental illness: an overview. (2003)

THIS PAPER EVALUATES THE RELATIONSHIP OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND VIOLENCE BY ASKING THREE QUESTIONS: Are the mentally ill violent? Are the mentally ill at increased risk of violence? Are the public at risk? Mental disorders are neither necessary nor sufficient causes of violence. Major determinants of violence continue to be socio-demographic and economic factors. Substance abuse is a major determinant of violence and this is true whether it occurs in the context of a concurrent mental illness or not. Therefore, early identification and treatment of substance abuse problems, and greater attention to the diagnosis and management of concurrent substance abuse disorders among seriously mentally ill, may be potential violence prevention strategies. Members of the public exaggerate both the strength of the association between mental illness and violence and their own personal risk. Finally, too little is known about the social contextual determinants of violence, but research supports the view the mentally ill are more often victims than perpetrators of violence.
Trajectory Planning and Control for Lane-Change of Autonomous Vehicle (2019)

In recent years autonomous vehicle is becoming active research area. One of the most important feature of autonomous vehicle is lane-change without driver assistance and its important part of level 2 autonomy. Wrong maneuver can lead to serious accidents on highways. Lane-change of autonomous vehicle is challenging control problem and various techniques like model predictive control, cooperative lane change, geographical information system have been used in past to get lane-change maneuver. Lane-change problem can be divided into trajectory planning and trajectory control. The current work addresses lane change of autonomous vehicle by generating trajectory with quintic polynomial and controlling it with the help of controller(PID). Two cases are discussed for lane change; considering previous vehicle and without previous vehicle. Collision prevention technique is used in case of previous vehicle to avoid collision. Results obtained shows the feasible trajectory for smooth lane change in both cases. Collision prevention technique shows how collision can be avoided in case of previous vehicle.
Fast-access BiCMOS SRAM architecture with a V/sub SS/ generator (1991)

A high-speed BiCMOS ECL (emitter coupled logic) interface SRAM (static RAM) architecture is described. To obtain high-speed operation for scaled-down devices, such as MOSFETs with a feature size of 0.8 mu m or less and with a small MOS level, a new SRAM architecture featuring all-bipolar peripheral circuits and CMOS memory cells with V/sub SS/ generator has been developed. Two key circuits, a V/sub SS/ generator and a current switch level converter, are described in detail. These circuits reduce the external supply voltage to the internal MOS level, thus permitting high-speed SRAM operation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the concept, a 256 kb SRAM with an address access time of 5 ns is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mammography imaging studies using a Laue crystal analyzer (1996)

Synchrotron-based mammography imaging experiments have been performed with monochromatic x-rays in which a Laue crystal placed after the object being imaged has been used to split the beam transmitted through the object. The X27C R&D beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source was used with the white beam monochromatized by a double crystal Si(111) monochromator tuned to 18 keV. The imaging beam was a thin horizontal line approximately 0.5 mm high by 100 mm wide. Images were acquired in line scan mode with the phantom and detector both scanned together. The detector for these experiments was an image plate. A thin Si(111) Laue analyzer was used to diffract a portion of the beam transmitted through the phantom before the image plate detector. This ‘‘scatter free’’ diffracted beam was then recorded on the image plate during the phantom scan. Since the thin Laue crystal also transmitted a fraction of the incident beam, this beam was also simultaneously recorded on the image plate. The imaging results are interpreted in terms of an x-ray schliere or refractive index inhomogeneities. The analyzer images taken at various points in the rocking curve will be presented.
Capmatinib in <i>MET</i> Exon 14–Mutated or <i>MET</i> -Amplified Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2020)

Capmatinib showed substantial antitumor activity in patients with advanced NSCLC with a <i>MET</i> exon 14 skipping mutation, particularly in those not treated previously. The efficacy in <i>MET</i>-amplified advanced NSCLC was higher in tumors with a high gene copy number than in those with a low gene copy number. Low-grade peripheral edema and nausea were the main toxic effects. (Funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals; GEOMETRY mono-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02414139.).
Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices (1991)

BASIC PHYSICS. Review of Atomic Structure and Statistical Mechanics. Crystalline Solids and Energy Bands. FUNDAMENTALS OF SEMICONDUCTORS. Semiconductor Materials and Their Properties. Carrier Transport in Semiconductors. Excess Carriers in Semiconductors. JUNCTIONS AND INTERFACES. p-n Junctions. Static I-V Characteristics of p-n Junction Diodes. Electrical Breakdown in p-n Junctions. Dynamic Behavior of p-n Junction Diodes. Majority Carrier Diodes. SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES. Microwave Diodes. Optoelectronic Devices. Bipolar Junction Transistors I: Fundamentals. Bipolar Junction Transistors II: Devices. Junction and Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors. MOS Transistors and Charge-Coupled Devices. Circuit Models for Transistors. Power Rectifiers and Thyristors. SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS. Technology of Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits. Semiconductor Measurements. Appendices. Answers to Selected Problems. Index.
Direct PCR of Small Genomic DNA Fragments from Serum (1997)

A simple and rapid method is described where human genomic DNA suitable for PCR was prepared from serum by microwave irradiation. We were able to reproducibly amplify single-copy gene sequences up to 442 bp from small quantities of serum without the need for DNA extraction. Genotyping results obtained from serum samples were shown to be identical to those derived from purified DNA from the same individuals.
Situation Awareness: Review of Mica Endsley's 1995 Articles on Situation Awareness Theory and Measurement (2008)

Ways in which human factors practitioners have used the SA construct and numerous citations are provided to assist designers.
Energy Efficient HVAC System with Spot Cooling in an Automobile - Design and CFD Analysis (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Spot, or distributed, cooling and heating is an energy efficient way of delivering comfort to an occupant in the car. This paper describes an approach to distributed cooling in the vehicle. A two passenger CFD model of an SUV cabin was developed to obtain the solar and convective thermal loads on the vehicle, characterize the interior thermal environment and accurately evaluate the fluid-thermal environment around the occupants. The present paper focuses on the design and CFD analysis of the energy efficient HVAC system with spot cooling. The CFD model was validated with wind tunnel data for its overall accuracy. A baseline system with conventional HVAC air was first analyzed at mid and high ambient conditions. The airflow and cooling delivered to the driver and the passenger was calculated. Subsequently, spot cooling was analyzed in conjunction with a much lower conventional HVAC airflow. Spot cooling was achieved by strategically placing multiple nozzles in the vehicle directed at specific body parts. Nozzle design and nozzle locations were paramount to the success of comfort delivery and achieving energy efficiency through spot cooling. CFD analysis was mostly done in steady state mode for designing the spot cooling system. Based on the results of CFD simulation and heat transfer analysis, spot cooling airflow quantities and temperatures were recommended for implementation in the vehicle and testing in the wind tunnel. Lower cooling requirement on the conventional HVAC system due to spot cooling is the primary basis for energy savings achieved in AC mode. On a pure heat transfer basis, significant improvement in cooling delivery to the occupant was achieved through a quad combination strategy of spot cooling at significantly lower airflow and cooling assist from the conventional HVAC system.</div></div>