gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Interrupted Flow on Traffic Noise (1980)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect interrupted traffic flow has on traffic noise and to determine an applicable adjustment factor. No attempt was made to develop a specific equation to predict noise levels at interrupted flow locations. The basic method of analysis consisted of comparing the field data taken at intersections to determine if the measured noise levels changed as a function of distance from the intersection. Results showed that interrupted flow conditions did not cause an increase in the L10 and Leq noise levels. Data taken before and after the installation of traffic signals showed that the addition of traffic signals did not significantly affect the average noise level. A comparison of measured and predicted noise levels showed general agreement. It was concluded that no adjustment factor is necessary to account for interrupted flow. It was recommended that the current procedure used for interrupted flow locations be continued. In this procedure, no adjustment factor is used, and the traffic speed used in the prediction is the free flowing vehicle speed (speed limit).
Building a large-scale corpus for evaluating event detection on twitter (2013)

Despite the popularity of Twitter for research, there are very few publicly available corpora, and those which are available are either too small or unsuitable for tasks such as event detection. This is partially due to a number of issues associated with the creation of Twitter corpora, including restrictions on the distribution of the tweets and the difficultly of creating relevance judgements at such a large scale. The difficulty of creating relevance judgements for the task of event detection is further hampered by ambiguity in the definition of event. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the creation of an event detection corpus. Specifically, we first create a new corpus that covers a period of 4 weeks and contains over 120 million tweets, which we make available for research. We then propose a definition of event which fits the characteristics of Twitter, and using this definition, we generate a set of relevance judgements aimed specifically at the task of event detection. To do so, we make use of existing state-of-the-art event detection approaches and Wikipedia to generate a set of candidate events with associated tweets. We then use crowdsourcing to gather relevance judgements, and discuss the quality of results, including how we ensured integrity and prevented spam. As a result of this process, along with our Twitter corpus, we release relevance judgements containing over 150,000 tweets, covering more than 500 events, which can be used for the evaluation of event detection approaches.
Adhesion mechanism of polyvinyl chloride to silane primed metal surfaces (1987)

The interface of partially hydrolyzed organosilane primer Dow Corning® Z-6020 [N-(2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane], which will be referred to in this paper as simply AEAPS, and polyvinyl chloride (plastisol) was examined by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) depth profile analysis. These studies and the adhesion strength measurements under dry and wet conditions showed that the net bond strength and its resistance to moisture are determined by two factors: the extent of crosslinking of the primer and the interdiffusion of the two phases. Best adhesion is achieved as a result of the optimal balance between the above two conflicting tendencies, i.e. when the primer crosslinks after it has diffused into the polymer.
The Science And Engineering Of Large Diameter Czochralski Silicon Crystal Growth (1987)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Irgarol 1051 (1998)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the antifouling agent Irgarol 1051. Three different immunizing haptens have been used to obtain antisera (As) with different selectivities. Hapten disseny has been studied according to molecular mechanic considerations (MM2+) and correlated to the avidities of the obtained As. The ability of Irgarol 1051 to compete for the antibody (Ab) binding sites with eleven horseradish peroxidase enzyme tracers (HRP tracers) differing on the chemical structure of the hapten has been investigated. Several usable assays have been obtained showing good sensitivities. One of them has been optimized to obtain a reproducible immunoassay with the following features: IC50= 0.074 µg/1, Slope=1.68, Working range= 0.121–0.036 µg/1 and LOD=0.020 µg/l. The immunoassay has been validated with spiked and real seawater samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD).
Ion beams in SEM: An experiment towards a high brightness low energy spread electron impact gas ion source (2011)

A next generation ion source suitable for both high resolution focused ion beam milling and imaging applications is currently being developed. The new ion source relies on a method of which positively charged ions are extracted from a miniaturized gas chamber where neutral gas atoms become ionized by direct electron impact. The use of a very small gas chamber and a very narrow electron beam (&lt;100 nm) allows for a very small ionization volume, which, in turn, yields a small virtual source size and low energy spread. The authors estimate that using a high current density electron beam from a Schottky electron gun the reduced brightness of this source can exceed that of the Gallium Liquid Metal Ion Sources and the energy spread can be well below 1 eV at an optimal gas pressure and gas chamber spacing while producing more than 1 nA of usable ion beam current. In a proof-of-concept study, the authors have produced ions of helium, argon, xenon, and air from a prototype gas chamber using an electron probe inside a scanning electron microscope. Using micro-channel plates and a phosphor screen, ion beam patterns have been acquired demonstrating that a beam of ions can be produced from a miniaturized gas chamber. The authors have measured up to several hundreds of pico-amperes of ion current in a Faraday cup using an input electron probe current of ∼14 nA with 1 keV incident energy. The authors have also verified that the ion beam current is dependent on the incident electron beam energy, gas chamber bias voltage, and the gas pressure inside the ionization chamber.
Observation of Atomic Structure by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Vicinal Si(100) Surface Annealed in Hydrogen Gas (1994)

This paper reports on the atomic structure and adsorbed species on a vicinal Si(100) surface annealed in H 2 . Annealing was carried out at 1000–1200°C under the H 2 pressure of 4–7 Torr. The annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) was also carried out for comparison. Reconstruction structures of 2×1 and 1×2 were found by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for the surface annealed in H 2 as well as that in UHV. The most obvious difference of the H 2 -annealed surface from the UHV-annealed one is a large retreat of S A steps resulting in promotion of a biatomic step formation. Thermal desorption spectroscopy indicated the presence of a monohydride phase on the H 2 -annealed surface, which is consistent with the 2×1 structure observed by STM.
Effects on the Isolated Human Bronchus of SR 48968, a Potent and Selective Nonpeptide Antagonist of the Neurokinin A (NK <sub>2</sub> ) Receptors (1992)

Tachykinins produce concentration-dependent contraction of the human isolated bronchus by stimulation of receptors that belong to the NK2 type. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of a new, potent, and selective nonpeptide antagonist of the neurokinin A (NKA) (NK2) receptors, SR 48968 [(S)-N-methyl-N-[4-acetylamino-4-phenylpiperidino-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) butyl]benzamide] on human isolated airways. Our experiments were performed on human isolated bronchi obtained from patients with lung cancer. Phosphoramidon, 10(-5) M, was added to the bath to inhibit neurokinin metabolism. SR 48968 induced a parallel shift to the right of the concentration-response (C/R) curves to [Nle10]-NKA(4-10), a specific NK2 receptor agonist. The antagonism was of the competitive type, with a pA2 of 9.40 +/- 0.19 (slope = 0.95 +/- 0.08, n = 13). The (R)-enantiomer of SR 48968 was 100-fold less potent and a noncompetitive antagonist (slope = 0.56 +/- 0.11, n = 8); pA2 and slope of the racemate were 8.86 +/- 0.21 and 1.09 +/- 0.21 (n = 7), respectively. Under similar conditions, racemic CP-96,345, a nonpeptide NK1 antagonist, did not modify the C/R curves to [Nle10]-NKA(4-10) until 10(-7) M. SR 48968 did not modify C/R curves to acetylcholine, histamine, KCI, or PGF2 alpha on the human isolated bronchus. Finally, SR 48968 shifted to the right C/R curves to substance P on isolated human bronchi, whereas racemic CP-96,345 was without effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Routine receiver operating characteristic analysis in mammography as a measure of radiologists' performance. (1998)

A system for calculating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from routine audit data is described. Both diagnostic opinion and pathology outcome data from the symptomatic mammography department were recorded in an audit database, from which ROC curves were calculated. A comparison of overall radiologists' performance was made and the appropriate performance indices discussed. Similar data were collected from the breast screening centre where the same radiologists read mammograms. The radiologists' performance in the symptomatic department was compared with that in the breast screening centre and was found to be better in the screening centre. The difference could not be wholly attributed to the different age distribution of women and highlighted the different nature of the diagnostic task and the differing sampled populations. ROC curves were drawn for different clinical signs to determine any particular area of difficulty the radiologist may experience. ROC analysis as part of routine audit can be used for maintaining and improving the quality of an individual's performance, and targeting learning on areas of particular weakness.
Electrically conducting acetylene-methylacetylene copolymers. Synthesis and properties (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrically conducting acetylene-methylacetylene copolymers. Synthesis and propertiesJames C. W. Chien, Gary E. Wnek, Frank E. Karasz, and Jacob A. HirschCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 3, 479–485Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50004a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50004a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Memory, control and communications synthesis for scheduled algorithms (1990)

This paper explores a method of grouping individual memory requirements from a hardware-constrained schedule of an algorithm, such that control and communications may be optimised. A new representation of memory requirements is introduced to explain the method. The technique may also be used to allocate operations to hardware resources. This, and control and communication optimisation are illustrated with an example.
Analysis of dynamic load behavior for electrified mass rapid transit systems (2003)

This paper investigates the dynamic load flow behavior of an electrified mass rapid transit (MRT) system. Because the power consumption of an MRT system varies with train operation mode and system route gradient, curvature, etc., the motion equation of train sets has been applied to find the mechanical power required for train operation. The electrical input power to the car borne VVVF inverters for the driving of induction motors are solved by the simulation of power electronics. The impedance matrix of the DC power network is then modified for each study snapshot based on the train location and the corresponding resistance change of the conducting 3rd rail and train running rail. The DC and AC load flow analyses have been performed for a practical MRT line in Taipei by considering the operation timetable and actual ridership to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed computer simulation methodology. The power consumption of the MRT is solved and the energy conservation by electric regenerative braking when the train set approaches the next station is also determined. The variation of traction transformer loading factors with train operation are calculated for the evaluation of power system operation efficiency. It is concluded that the power flow analysis does provide a very useful tool for the proper capacity planning of traction substations during the design stage of an MRT system.
Reactions of alkylidenecarbenes derived from N,N-disubstituted-2-oxopropanamides: the formation of 3-pyrrol-2-ones and 2-butynamides (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of alkylidenecarbenes derived from N,N-disubstituted-2-oxopropanamides: the formation of 3-pyrrol-2-ones and 2-butynamidesJohn C. Gilbert and Brent K. BlackburnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 19, 3656–3663Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00369a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of 3‐Ω‐aminohydantoins (2002)

Abstract Several 3‐Ω‐amino monosubstituted hydantoins have been obtained in the reaction of isocyanate of glycine ethyl ester with the appropriate aliphatic or aromatic diamine. It was found, that the 3‐(aminoaryl) monosubstituted hydantoins may be diazotized and their diazonium salts may be coupled and hydrolysed without changes in the hydantoin ring.
New Vistas in N‐Heterocyclic Silylene (NHSi) Transition‐Metal Coordination Chemistry: Syntheses, Structures and Reactivity towards Activation of Small Molecules (2012)

This account is a review on the synthesis and transition-metal coordination chemistry of N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSi's) over the last 20 years till the present time (2012). Recently, fascinating and novel synthetic methods have been developed to access transition-metal-NHSi complexes as an emerging class of compounds with a wealth of intriguing reactivity patterns. The striking influence of coordinating NHSi's to transition-metal complex fragments affording different reactivities to the "free" NHSi is a connecting theme ("leitmotif") throughout the review, and highlights the potential of these compounds which lie at the interface of contemporary main-group and classical organometallic chemistry towards new molecular catalysts for small-molecule activation.
Constrained Structured Regression with Convolutional Neural Networks (2015)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently emerged as the dominant model in computer vision. If provided with enough training data, they predict almost any visual quantity. In a discrete setting, such as classification, CNNs are not only able to predict a label but often predict a confidence in the form of a probability distribution over the output space. In continuous regression tasks, such a probability estimate is often lacking. We present a regression framework which models the output distribution of neural networks. This output distribution allows us to infer the most likely labeling following a set of physical or modeling constraints. These constraints capture the intricate interplay between different input and output variables, and complement the output of a CNN. However, they may not hold everywhere. Our setup further allows to learn a confidence with which a constraint holds, in the form of a distribution of the constrain satisfaction. We evaluate our approach on the problem of intrinsic image decomposition, and show that constrained structured regression significantly increases the state-of-the-art.
Speaker verification based on SVDD (2010)

A new speaker verification method based on SVDD is proposed from another viewpoint to solve the problem such that the recognition rate of the speaker verification system based on GMM is not very high. The traditional hard decision method is also changed, instead a new soft decision means based on the sample acceptance rate is introduced, whose main advantage is normalized the 'probability' or 'confidence' to the value (0,1) and the threshold is comparative steady so as to be easy setting. Experiments are based on TIMIT database, selecting 50 people, with cross validation method, taking EER for the system performance evaluation criteria, comparing SVDD with GMM systems in unified threshold or independent threshold. Experiments result show that this method obviously improves the recognition accuracy and robustness; the running time of the system based on SVDD reduced 26.2% and EER decreased 22.5%; furthermore, when under the conditions of insufficient training samples, SVDD gain more obvious advantage over GMM in teams of training time, running time and recognition accuracy.
Solar selective absorber coating for high service temperatures, produced by plasma sputtering (1990)

Spectrally selective absorber coatings, deposited on engineering material substrates such as stainless steel, have been developed for service as efficient solar photothermal energy converters. The selective solar absorber is based on a multilayer of thin films, produced by sputtering. The main solar absorber is a metal/ceramic (cermet) composite, such as, Mo/Al2th or Mo/Si02, with a graded metal concentration. Such a cermet layer, strongly absorbs radiation over most of the range of the solar spectrum but is transparent to longer wavelength radiation. The cermet layer is deposited on a highly reflecting infrared metal layer. Two more layers were added: An AhO diffusion barrier layer which is deposited first on the substrate and an AI2O or a Si02 antireflection layer which is deposited on the top of the cermet film. In order to better understand the spectral reflectivity of the multilayered selective coating, a procedure for the calculation of the optical properties was developed. After the R&D development phase was successfully completed, a full scale production coating machine was constructed. The production machine is a linear in line coater. The selective coating is deposited on stainless steel tubes, translating in the coating machine while rotating about their axes, along their axial direction. Measurements of reflectance, solar absorptivity, a, thermal emissivity, C, and high temperature durability, are all parts of the quality control routine. The results show values of a in the range 0.96 - 0.98. The thermal emissivity at 350CC is in the range 0.16 - 0.18. Thermal durability tests, show no degradation of the coating when subjected to up to 65O in vacuum for one month and when passed through a temperature cycling test which includes 1200 cycles between temperatures of 150CC and 450CCfor a period of two months.
Statistical stacking and adaptive notch filter to remove high‐level electromagnetic noise from MRS measurements (2011)

ABSTRACT Traditionally, one of the major limitations for magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) measurement is that the weak signal generated by subsurface water molecules is prone to be disturbed by high‐level electromagnetic noise. In China, the power grid coverage is 94.6% and spiky noise and powerline harmonic noise are always present when utilizing MRS measurement in suburban areas or towns. In order to improve the performance of the MRS method, two new techniques, statistical stacking and adaptive notch filter, are introduced to remove spiky noise and power‐line harmonic noise. Firstly, four stacking procedures are analysed to suppress the natural noise and spiky noise. It could be found that statistical stacking can be utilized in the areas with serious spiky noise and can improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio by a factor of 4 to 7. Moreover, the stacking number is less than other stacking procedures and the measurement time may decrease by nearly 50% in some suburban areas or towns. Secondly, there are a variety of filtering procedures available to suppress power‐line harmonic noise, which are all based on analogue or digital notch filtering. But nearly all of them may cause distortion. An adaptive notch filter is applied here to remove power‐line harmonic noise because harmonic frequencies are away from and (or) close to the Larmor frequency, even when the frequency offset between them is zero. From simulation results, it could be noted that the signal can be recovered after adaptive notch filtering because it is not irretrievably distorted but proportionally attenuated. Thus, the amplitude attenuation can accurately be compensated. The effectiveness of the two techniques applied to MRS measurements is demonstrated by field testing with the prototype of the MRS system developed by Jilin University, China. The results show that the statistical stacking and adaptive notch filter are effective methods to remove high‐level electromagnetic noise from MRS measurements.
mTORC1 Phosphorylates the ULK1-mAtg13-FIP200 Autophagy Regulatory Complex (2009)

High nutrient availability stimulates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to coordinately activate anabolic processes, such as protein synthesis, while inhibiting the cellular catabolism of autophagy. Positive regulation of protein synthesis through the mTORC1 substrates p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) has been well characterized. The complementary inhibitory mechanism in which mTORC1 phosphorylates the autophagy regulatory complex containing unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), the mammalian Atg13 protein, and focal adhesion kinase interacting protein of 200 kD (FIP200) has also been elucidated.