gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise optimization of BiCMOS operational amplifiers (2002)

To improve the offset and noise performances of CMOS amplifiers, several BiCMOS operational amplifiers with bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) applied in the input stage are presented. The speed performance of the amplifiers is improved. The input stage bias current is optimized for minimum noise as a function of the source resistance. Measurements on the realized BiCMOS amplifiers confirm the theory. In integrated circuits the theory allows the amplifier noise performance to be optimized because both the source resistance and the bias current of the amplifiers can be designed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
29-Norcucurbitacin Derivatives Isolated from the Indonesian Medicinal Plant,<i>Phaleria macrocarpa</i>(Scheff.) Boerl. (2008)

The new 29-norcucurbitacin, desacetylfevicordin A (1), together with three known 29-norcucurbitacin derivatives (2-4) were isolated from seeds of the Indonesian medicinal plant, Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical transformation. These compounds exhibited toxicity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina).
Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene as a Useful Reductant of Some Bromodifluoromethyl Heterocycles. Application to the Synthesis of New <i>gem</i>-Difluorinated Heteroarylated Compounds (1998)

The cyclic voltammetry of the reductive cleavage of some bromodifluoromethyl heterocycles and of the oxidation of the tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene was investigated in N,N-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile, at an inert electrode. The systematic investigation of the kinetics of the electrochemical reduction of this series of bromodifluoromethyl compounds provides clear evidence of a concerted electron-transfer−bond-breaking mechanism. Application of the theory of the dissociative electron transfer allowed the estimation of the carbon−halogen bond dissociation energy and the standard potential of the reaction. On the basis of the electrochemical experiments, the tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) was found to be an effective reductant of the 2-(bromodifluoromethyl)benzoxazole (1) and of the 5-(bromodifluoromethyl)-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole (4). A stepwise electron transfer with a difluoromethyl radical as intermediate is assumed to take place in this reaction. Under mild conditions, the generated difluoromethyl heterocyclic anion was efficiently trapped with aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes 7−17 and ketones 18 and 19. In this way, the corresponding β,β-difluoro-α-heteroarylated alcohols 20−38 were obtained in moderate to good yields and the compounds 20, 21, and 23−27 were tested against the HIV-1 virus.
Zur Synthese des 1.4‐Benzodithiin‐ und 1‐Benzothiophen‐Gerüstes (1969)

Abstract 2.3‐Dichlor‐5.6‐dimethyl‐benzochinon‐(1.4) ( 6 ) reagiert mit dem Dinatrium‐Salz des cis ‐1.2‐Dimercapto‐1.2‐dicyan‐äthylens ( 2 ) zum 5.8‐Dihydroxy‐6.7‐dimethyl‐2.3‐dicyan‐1.4‐benzodithiin ( 9 ). Oxydation von 9 führt zum Chinon ( 10 ), das mit Peressigsäure in das 1‐Benzothiophenchinon‐(4.7) 12 übergeführt wird. 10 wird durch Schwefelsäure/Eisessig zum Dicarbonsäureanhydrid ( 11 ) verseift und von sekundären Aminen aminolysiert (→ 14a, b ).
Role of the endothelial pump in flap adhesion after laser in situ keratomileusis (2004)

The endothelial pump plays an important role in flap attachment in the early postoperative period after LASIK.
Noninvasive Transcutaneous Low Frequency Ultrasound Enhances Thrombolysis in Peripheral and Coronary Arteries (2001)

Previous studies have shown that external ultrasound with low frequencies and high intensities can enhance thrombolytic drug-induced clot dissolution during in vitro experiments. In this series of studies, we evaluated the efficacy of peripheral and coronary thrombolysis in vivo in animals by using noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound combined with thrombolytic drugs (streptokinase and tPA) and/or microbubbles agents (dodecafluoropentane [DDFP] and perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin [PESDA]). Thrombotic occlusions were induced in 74 rabbit iliofemoral arteries and 24 canine left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries in this in vivo study. By using the combination of transcutaneous ultrasound and streptokinase, the angiographic patency rate in rabbit iliofemoral arteries was higher (56%-100%) than with ultrasound (6%; P < or = 0.0036) and streptokinase alone (6%; P < or = 0.0012). Also, with transcutaneous ultrasound and microbubbles, the angiographic patency rates were 76%-100% as compared with ultrasound alone (0%, P < or = 0.0003) or microbubbles alone (9%, P < or = 0.0001). In the canine study of acute myocardial infarction, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade flow at 90 minutes in the tPA alone group was 0.92 +/- 1.4 as compared with 2.42 +/- 1.9 in the tPA plus transthoracic ultrasound group (P = 0.006). There was much improved reperfusion with tPA plus ultrasound as compared with tPA alone. In vivo animal studies demonstrate that noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound can greatly enhance the effect of clot dissolution with thrombolytic drugs and/or microbubbles, and has the potential for clinical application as an adjunctive method to improve arterial thrombolysis.
Type classes as objects and implicits (2010)

Type classes were originally developed in Haskell as a disciplined alternative to ad-hoc polymorphism. Type classes have been shown to provide a type-safe solution to important challenges in software engineering and programming languages such as, for example, retroactive extension of programs. They are also recognized as a good mechanism for concept-based generic programming and, more recently, have evolved into a mechanism for type-level computation. This paper presents a lightweight approach to type classes in object-oriented (OO) languages with generics using the CONCEPT pattern and implicits (a type-directed implicit parameter passing mechanism). This paper also shows how Scala's type system conspires with implicits to enable, and even surpass, many common extensions of the Haskell type class system, making Scala ideally suited for generic programming in the large.
Self-Assembly of Upright, Partially Dehydrogenated Melamine on Pd(111) (2013)

The adsorption of melamine (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) on Pd(111) under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy. At all coverages in the submonolayer regime, melamine was found to adsorb with its molecular plane perpendicular, or close to perpendicular, to the (111) surface. Following adsorption at 300 K, at low coverage, 1-D chains of partially dehydrogenated melamine are formed on the Pd surface aligned along the ⟨1̅1̅2⟩ crystallographic directions. At higher coverage, pairing of melamine species is observed, and chain growth directions become less well-defined. The surface chemistry of melamine and the influence of the surface, coadsorbed hydrogen, and intermolecular interactions on the formation of ordered molecular arrangements are discussed.
Creating accessible educational multimedia through editing automatic speech recognition captioning in real time (2006)

Lectures can be digitally recorded and replayed to provide multimedia revision material for students who attended the class and a substitute learning experience for students unable to attend. Deaf and hard of hearing people can find it difficult to follow speech through hearing alone or to take notes while they are lip‐reading or watching a sign‐language interpreter. Notetakers can only summarise what is being said while qualified sign language interpreters with a good understanding of the relevant higher education subject content are in very scarce supply. Synchronising the speech with text captions can ensure deaf students are not disadvantaged and assist all learners to search for relevant specific parts of the multimedia recording by means of the synchronised text. Real time stenography transcription is not normally available in UK higher education because of the shortage of stenographers wishing to work in universities. Captions are time consuming and expensive to create by hand and while Automatic Speech Recognition can be used to provide real time captioning directly from lecturers’ speech in classrooms it has proved difficult to obtain accuracy comparable to stenography. This paper describes the development of a system that enables editors to correct errors in the captions as they are created by Automatic Speech Recognition.
Calcium Transport Across the Plasma Membrane: Stimulation by Calmodulin (1979)

Active transport of calcium into inside-out vesicles of red blood cell membranes was stimulated equally by (i) the purified protein activator of calcium-activated, magnesium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase isolated from red cell hemolyzates and (ii) calmodulin, a protein activator of cylic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isolated from bovine brain. The results provide further evidence for the identity of red blood cell activator and calmodulin and show that this cytoplasmic protein may participate in the regulation of plasma membrane calcium transport.
LQT1-associated Mutations Increase KCNQ1 Proteasomal Degradation Independently of Derlin-1 (2008)

Mutations in the potassium channel KCNQ1 that determine retention of the mutated proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are associated with the autosomal dominant negative Romano-Ward LQT1 cardiac syndrome. In the present study, we have analyzed the consequences and the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the ER retention of three Romano-Ward mutations located in KCNQ1 N terminus (Y111C, L114P, and P117L). We showed that the mutant KCNQ1 proteins exhibited reduced expression levels with respect to wild-type (WT)-KCNQ1. Radiolabeling pulse-chase experiments revealed that the lower expression levels did not result from reduced rate of synthesis. Instead, using a combination of Western blot and pulse-chase experiments, we showed that the mutant channel Y111C-KCNQ1, used as a model, was ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome more rapidly (t((1/2)) = 82 min) than WT-KCNQ1 channel (t((1/2)) = 113 min). On the other hand, KCNQ1 degradation did not appear to involve the GTP-dependent pathway. We also showed that KCNE1 stabilized both wild-type and Y111C proteins. To identify potential actors involved in KCNQ1 degradation, we studied the implication of the ER-resident protein Derlin-1 in KCNQ1 degradation. We showed that although KCNQ1 and Derlin-1 share the same molecular complex and co-immunoprecipitate when co-expressed in HEK293FT cells, Derlin-1 did not affect KCNQ1 steady state expression and degradation. These data were confirmed in T84 cells that express endogenous KCNQ1 and Derlin-1. Small interfering RNA knock-down of Derlin-1 did not modify KCNQ1 expression level, and no interaction between endogenous KCNQ1 and Derlin-1 could be detected.
Hollow Capsule Processing through Colloidal Templating and Self-Assembly (2000)

Hollow capsules of nanometer to micrometer dimensions constitute an important class of materials that are employed in diverse technological applications, ranging from the delivery of encapsulated products for cosmetic and medicinal purposes to their use as light-weight composite materials and as fillers with low dielectric constant in electronic components. Hollow capsules comprising polymer, glass, metal, and ceramic are nowadays routinely produced by using various chemical and physicochemical methods. The current article focuses on a recent novel and versatile technique, based on a combination of colloidal templating and self-assembly processes, developed for synthesizing uniform hollow capsules of a broad range of materials. The strategy outlined readily affords control over the size, shape, composition, and wall thickness of the hollow capsules.
Configurations and characteristics of active canceling and compensating circuits for reducing common‐mode voltage generated by voltage‐source PWM inverters (2001)

Abstract This paper deals with active circuits for cancellation and compensation of common‐mode voltage caused by a PWM inverter. A nonnegligible amount of leakage or ground current flows through stray capacitors between stator windings and the motor frame due to a large step change in the common‐mode voltage at every switching operation of the PWM inverter. First, it is shown experimentally that the active common‐noise canceler (ACC), which has been proposed by the authors, is effective in reducing not only conducted EMI but also motor shaft voltage and bearing current. Next, a new ACC characterized by an isolated power supply is developed to enlarge the applicable voltage range in which it is possible to integrate the ACC with a PWM inverter. Furthermore, the authors propose another type of ACC, the purpose of which is not to achieve complete cancellation but to restrain only a slope in a change of the common‐mode voltage applied to the motor. As a result, the core size of the common‐mode transformer used in the active compensating circuit becomes considerably smaller. Some experimental results show good effects of the proposed active circuits on both ground current and conducted EMI. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(1): 57–65, 2001
1.5µm PHASE SHIFTED DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK LASER (1988)

We present the design, technology and lasing properties of phase-shifted distributed feed back lasers. The use of a non-uniform width stripe leads to a higher percentage of single-longitudinal-mode operation.
Isobutanol production from<scp>d</scp>-xylose by recombinant<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2012)

Simultaneous overexpression of an optimized, cytosolically localized valine biosynthesis pathway together with overexpression of xylose isomerase XylA from Clostridium phytofermentans, transaldolase Tal1 and xylulokinase Xks1 enabled recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to complement the valine auxotrophy of ilv2,3,5 triple deletion mutants for growth on D-xylose as the sole carbon source. Moreover, after additional overexpression of ketoacid decarboxylase Aro10 and alcohol dehydrogenase Adh2, the cells were able to ferment D-xylose directly to isobutanol.
Systematic mapping of hearts from chronic chagasic patients: the association between the occurrence of histopathological lesions and<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>antigens (2000)

To investigate the role played by Trypanosoma cruzi in the pathogenesis of chronic chagasic cardiopathy, the myocardiums of 12 hearts from individuals who had this condition were mapped in detail. Attempts were made to associate the histopathological lesions observed with the presence of parasitic antigens in the affected tissue. Samples from 26 regions of each heart were submitted to histological analysis and immunostained for the presence of T. cruzi. All cases showed at least one positive region for antigens, but the quantity of antigen detected varied greatly. The regions showing the greatest pathological changes were the inferior atrial septum, the basal and apical portions of the ventricular septum, and the posterior basal and lateral pre-apical regions of the left ventricle. The posterior wall of the right atrium and the posterior basal wall of the left ventricle presented the greatest intensities of inflammation. Fibrosis was intense in the right atrium, the posterior basal and pre-apical left ventricular free walls and the apex. The regions in which T. cruzi antigens were detected showed the most intense inflammation. However, as there was no significant correlation between the intensity of the lesions and the quantity of parasitic antigen, other mechanisms, such as auto-immunity or hypersensitivity, may stimulate the inflammation.
Extended Object Tracking: Introduction, Overview and Applications (2016)

This article provides an elaborate overview of current research in extended object tracking. We provide a clear definition of the extended object tracking problem and discuss its delimitation to other types of object tracking. Next, different aspects of extended object modelling are extensively discussed. Subsequently, we give a tutorial introduction to two basic and well used extended object tracking approaches - the random matrix approach and the Kalman filter-based approach for star-convex shapes. The next part treats the tracking of multiple extended objects and elaborates how the large number of feasible association hypotheses can be tackled using both Random Finite Set (RFS) and Non-RFS multi-object trackers. The article concludes with a summary of current applications, where four example applications involving camera, X-band radar, light detection and ranging (lidar), red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) sensors are highlighted.
Phase 1 clinical study of eltrombopag, an oral, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist (2007)

Eltrombopag (SB-497 115) is a first-in-class, oral, small-molecule, nonpeptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR), being developed as a treatment for thrombocytopenia of various etiologies. In this phase 1 placebo-controlled clinical trial in 73 healthy male subjects, eltrombopag was administered as once-daily oral capsules for 10 days at doses of 5, 10, 25, 30, 50, and 75 mg. The pharmacokinetics of eltrombopag were dose dependent and linear, and eltrombopag increased platelet counts in a dose-dependent manner. There were no apparent differences in the incidence or severity of adverse events in subjects receiving active or placebo study medication. These observations indicate that eltrombopag is a once-daily, oral TpoR agonist with demonstrated thrombopoietic activity in human subjects, encouraging further studies in patients with thrombocytopenia.
General AIMD congestion control (2002)

Instead of the increase-by-one decrease-to-half strategy used in TCP for congestion window adjustment, we consider the general case such that the increase value and decrease ratio are parameters. That is, in the congestion avoidance state, the window size is increased by /spl alpha/ per window of packets acknowledged and it is decreased to /spl beta/ of the current value when there is congestion indication. We refer to this window adjustment strategy as general additive increase multiplicative decrease (GAIMD). We present the (mean) sending rate of a GAIMD flow as a function of /spl alpha/, /spl beta/, loss rate, mean round-trip time, mean timeout value, and the number of packets acknowledged by each ACK. We conducted extensive experiments to validate this sending rate formula. We found the formula to be quite accurate for a loss rate of up to 20%. We also present a simple relationship between /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/ for a GAIMD flow to be TCP-friendly, that is, for the GAIMD flow to have approximately the same sending rate as a TCP flow under the same path conditions. We present results from simulations in which TCP-friendly GAIMD flows (/spl alpha/=0.31, /spl beta/=7/8) compete for bandwidth with TCP Reno flows and with TCP SACK flows, on a DropTail link as well as on a RED link. We found that the GAIMD flows were highly, TCP-friendly. Furthermore, with /spl beta/ at 7/8 instead of 1/2, these GAIMD flows have reduced rate fluctuations compared to TCP flows.
Extending a Fixed-Complexity Sphere Decoder to Obtain Likelihood Information for Turbo-MIMO Systems (2008)

A list extension for a fixed-complexity sphere decoder (FSD) to perform iterative detection and decoding in turbo-multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems is proposed in this paper. The algorithm obtains a list of candidates that can be used to calculate likelihood information about the transmitted bits required by the outer decoder. The list FSD (LFSD) overcomes the two main problems of the list sphere decoder (LSD), namely, its variable complexity and the sequential nature of its tree search. It combines a search through a very small subset of the complete transmit constellation and a specific channel matrix ordering to approximate the soft- quality of the list of candidates obtained by the LSD. A simple method is proposed to generate that subset, extending the subset searched by the original FSD. Simulation results show that the LFSD can be used to approach the performance of the LSD while having a lower and fixed complexity, making the algorithm suitable for hardware implementation.
20 NM metamorphic HEMT WITH 660 GHZ FT (2011)

A metamorphic HEMT MMIC technology with 20 nm gate length is presented, developed for the fabrication of terahertz-wave monolithic integrated circuits (TMICs) with operational frequencies beyond 500 GHz. The MBE grown transistor heterostructure comprises a strained In0.8Ga0.2As channel with high electron mobility and high electron density for proper device scaling. The realized mHEMTs achieve a source resistance R S of 0.1 Omega mm which is required to minimize resistive losses in combination with an extrinsic maximum transconductance gm max of 2500 mS/mm. The output characteristics of the 20 nm devices show no short channel effects and demonstrate sufficient pinch-off behavior for analog applications. For a transistor with 2 x 10 µm gate width a cut-off frequency fT of 660 GHz was extrapolated which is to our knowledge the highest published fT for any HEMT device. The presented 20 nm mHEMT technology was employed for the design of a compact four stage lownoise amplifier (LNA). The total small signal gain of the LNA exceeds 20 dB from 115 - 175 GHz.
Crossbar switch backplane and its application (1988)

A crossbar switch backplane design (Bus Switch Backplane) based on TI's crossbar switch chip is described. This backplane holds a maximum of 16 modules and allows simultaneous communications between up to 8 pairs of modules. The aggregate data transfer rate on the backplane is 160 Mbyte/sec. The Bus Switch Backplane is an essential part of the ACP Multi Array Processor, a supercomputer for site oriented problems. The first application of this machine is in Lattice Gauge Theory calculations. The Bus Switch Backplane also finds ready application in data acquisition schemes based on the ACP multi-microprocessor system. 4 refs., 8 figs.
Directional entropy feature for human detection (2008)

In this paper we propose a novel feature, called directional entropy feature (DEF), to improve the performance of human detection under complicated background in images. DEF describe the regularity of region by computing the entropy value of edge pointspsila spatial distribution in specific direction, so DEF has the discriminating power for regular and random pattern. We combine histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature with DEF to construct a human detection classifier to test DEFpsilas performance. Experimental results show that DEF can help HOG to decreases false alarms caused by random complicated and rigid shaped background.
Wafer-Scale and Wrinkle-Free Epitaxial Growth of Single-Orientated Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Sapphire (2016)

Large-scale growth of high-quality hexagonal boron nitride has been a challenge in two-dimensional-material-based electronics. Herein, we present wafer-scale and wrinkle-free epitaxial growth of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride on a sapphire substrate by using high-temperature and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Microscopic and spectroscopic investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that synthesized hexagonal boron nitride has a single rotational orientation with AA' stacking order. A facile method for transferring hexagonal boron nitride onto other target substrates was developed, which provides the opportunity for using hexagonal boron nitride as a substrate in practical electronic circuits. A graphene field effect transistor fabricated on our hexagonal boron nitride sheets shows clear quantum oscillation and highly improved carrier mobility because the ultraflatness of the hexagonal boron nitride surface can reduce the substrate-induced degradation of the carrier mobility of two-dimensional materials.