gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An UpDown Directed Acyclic Graph Approach for Sequential Pattern Mining (2009)

Traditional pattern growth-based approaches for sequential pattern mining derive length-(k+1) patterns based on the projected databases of length-k patterns recursively. At each level of recursion, they unidirectionally grow the length of detected patterns by one along the suffix of detected patterns, which needs k levels of recursion to find a length-k pattern. In this paper, a novel data structure, UpDown Directed Acyclic Graph (UDDAG), is invented for efficient sequential pattern mining. UDDAG allows bidirectional pattern growth along both ends of detected patterns. Thus, a length-k pattern can be detected in [log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> k + 1] levels of recursion at best, which results in fewer levels of recursion and faster pattern growth. When minSup is large such that the average pattern length is close to 1, UDDAG and PrefixSpan have similar performance because the problem degrades into frequent item counting problem. However, UDDAG scales up much better. It often outperforms PrefixSpan by almost one order of magnitude in scalability tests. UDDAG is also considerably faster than Spade and LapinSpam. Except for extreme cases, UDDAG uses comparable memory to that of PrefixSpan and less memory than Spade and LapinSpam. Additionally, the special feature of UDDAG enables its extension toward applications involving searching in large spaces.
Synthesis and antioxidant activity evaluations of melatonin-based analogue indole-hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives (2011)

Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone synthesized from the pineal gland. It is a direct scavenger of free radicals, which is related to its capability to defend cells from oxidative stress. Recently MLT-related compounds are under investigation to establish which exhibit the maximum activity with the lowest side effects. In this study 5-chloroindole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives were synthesized from 5-chloroindole-3-carboxaldehyde and phenyl hydrazine derivatives. All the compounds characterized and in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated against MLT and BHT. Most of the compounds showed strong inhibitory effect on the superoxide radical scavenging assay at 1 mM concentration (79 to 95%). Almost all the tested compounds possessed strong scavenging activity against the DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC(50) values (2 to 60 µM). Lastly, compound 1j revealed stronger inhibitory activity against MLT in the LP inhibitory assay at 0.1mM concentration (51%) while the rest of the compounds showed moderate inhibition.
Distributed-Poole-Frenkel modeling of anomalous resistance scaling and fluctuations in phase-change memory (PCM) devices (2009)

Understanding the effect of size scaling on resistance window in phase-change memory (PCM) requires accurate models for conduction in the amorphous phase of the active chalcogenide material. This work presents a new conduction model for the chalcogenide amorphous phase, describing Poole-Frenkel (PF) transport through localized states with distributed activation energy. The new model accounts for the scaling dependence of resistance, activation energy and current noise. Scaling perspectives for resistance window and noise amplitude at nodes F = 45 - 8 nm are finally shown.
Principles of Turbulent Fired Heat (1985)

This book discusses the mechanisms of fired heat and its optimization (from a combustion, energy efficiency, and emissions-control standpoint) in industrial applications. It also describes the current knowledge of fluid mechanics, suspension mechanics, chemical kinetics, convection, radiation, etc.- all of which interact with chemical factors (fuel additives) and mechanical factors (burner and firebox design) - without neglecting the essential phenomena related to combustion quality. It also discusses liquid and gaseous fuels only, giving principle physical-chemical characteristics and examines the physical chemistry of combustion and the dynamics of gas flow in the firebox. It covers petroleum fuels, flame stabilization, high-temperature flames, premixed combustion, pollution caused by combustion, and fluid dynamics and heat transfer in the firebox.
Classic papers in viral hepatitis (1989)

Lymphocytic gastritis: a newly described entity SIR
Fault detection and isolation in multisensor train navigation systems (1998)

In new automatic train control (ATC) and automatic train protection (ATP) systems, the onboard navigation system plays a vital role. Applying multisensor fusion algorithms in the vehicle navigation field has made it possible to make inexpensive and accurate positioning systems which will satisfy the requirements of railway systems. Kalman filtering, as one of the well known state estimation methods, has proved to be the most effective technique in multisensor data fusion for navigation applications. On the other hand reliability of the navigation system is of great concern which necessitates the design of a fault tolerant navigation system in which the detection and isolation of the faults is possible. The paper first addresses different multisensor integration methods and later discusses some of the fault detection methods for navigation systems using Kalman filtering and some simulation results are presented. Fault isolation using the proposed sensor architecture is another topic which is discussed in more detail.
Transformerless DC–DC Converters With High Step-Up Voltage Gain (2009)

Conventional dc-dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. This paper proposes transformerless dc-dc converters to achieve high step-up voltage gain without an extremely high duty ratio. In the proposed converters, two inductors with the same level of inductance are charged in parallel during the switch-on period and are discharged in series during the switch-off period. The structures of the proposed converters are very simple. Only one power stage is used. Moreover, the steady-state analyses of voltage gains and boundary operating conditions are discussed in detail. Finally, a prototype circuit is implemented in the laboratory to verify the performance.
The Federal Income Tax Treatment of Alimony Payments--The Support Requirement of the Regulations (1970)

One critical factor in determining the federal tax treatment of payments made to a spouse pursuant to a separation or divorce is whether those payments can be characterized as support payments. Mr Harris examines the history, rationale, and judicial construction of this support requirement, offers guidelines for attorneys involved with divorce settlement negotiations, and recommends clarifying legislation for this uncertain area of the law.
Approaches to detecting and resolving feature interactions (2002)

A framework is suggested for specifying call processing features independently and discovering conflicts when their specifications are merged. Features are defined on a common call model that partitions in the state space into separable concerns. Each feature proposes state transition rules that define explicitly how the partitions would be interrelated by causes, effects, and conditions. Generic conflicts are defined that may arise among such rules, as a step toward automated discovery. An explanation is given as to why automatic resolution of conflicts remains a significant challenge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DataHub: Collaborative Data Science & Dataset Version Management at Scale (2014)

Relational databases have limited support for data collaboration, where teams collaboratively curate and analyze large datasets. Inspired by software version control systems like git, we propose (a) a dataset version control system, giving users the ability to create, branch, merge, difference and search large, divergent collections of datasets, and (b) a platform, DataHub, that gives users the ability to perform collaborative data analysis building on this version control system. We outline the challenges in providing dataset version control at scale.
Stacking Faults in β‐SiC Formed during Carbothermal Reduction of SiO <sub>2</sub> (1996)

Factors affecting stacking fault formation during the synthetic fabrication of β‐SiC were investigated in the present study. Two main reaction routes in the carbothermal reduction of SiO 2 —solid–solid and solid‐gas reactions—led to the formation of β‐SiC, depending on the vapor pressure of the SiO gas. The β‐SiC formed by the solid‐gas (carbon‐SiO gas) reaction showed a whisker morphology with a high stacking fault density (SFD), whereas that formed by the solid‐solid (Si‐carbon) reaction exhibited spherical particles with a low SFD. The average size of the synthesized particles decreased with decreasing reaction temperature and time, and their stacking fault content, measured by X‐ray diffraction, was higher than the true value, possibly because of a size effect. The stacking fault density increased with increase in the heating rate because of an increased reaction rate.
Infection of <i>Macaca nemestrina</i> by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (1992)

After observations that Macaca nemestrina were exceptionally susceptible to simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2), studies of HIV-1 replication were initiated. Several strains of HIV-1, including a recent patient isolate, replicated in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in CD4-positive M. nemestrina lymphocytes in a CD4-dependent fashion. Eight animals were subsequently inoculated with either cell-associated or cell-free suspensions of HIV-1. All animals had HIV-1 isolated by cocultivation, had HIV-1 DNA in their PBMCs as shown by polymerase chain reaction, and experienced sustained seroconversion to a broad spectrum of HIV-1 proteins. Macaca nemestrina is an animal model of HIV-1 infections that provides opportunities for evaluating the pathogenesis of acute HIV-1 replication and candidate vaccines and therapies.
A new method for labelling saxitoxin and its binding to non‐myelinated fibres of the rabbit vagus, lobster walking leg, and garfish olfactory nerves. (1976)

1. A new method of labelling saxitoxin (STX) is described, based on transfer of tritium from tritiated water to the toxin. 2. The radiochemical purity of the labelled toxin has been directly determined, rather than being based on indirect biochemical means, as in previous experiments with Wilzbach-labelled STX and TTX. 3. The specific activity of the labelled toxin, 66 d..m.f-mole-1, corresponds with one tritium atom per molecule STX, an improvement of about 300-fold over other means of labelling TTX and STX. 4. The binding of this toxin to rabbit, lobster and garfish olfactory nerve fibres has been re-examined. 5. The density of sodium channels calculated on the basis of the binding of the toxin is about four to six-times the values previously reported.
Functionalisation of fluorescent BODIPY dyes by nucleophilic substitution (2005)

The BODIPY chromophore can be easily modified by nucleophilic mono- or disubstitution of 3,5-dichloroBODIPY with O-, N-, S- and C-nucleophiles. Absorption and fluorescence spectral data of the new BODIPY derivatives are also reported.
Transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (2007)

Transplantation of pancreatic tissue, as either the intact whole pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets has become a clinical option to be considered in the treatment of patients with type 1 insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus.A successful whole pancreas or islet transplant offers the advantages of attaining normal or near normal blood glucose control and normal hemoglobin A1c levels without the risks of severe hypoglycemia associate with intensive insulin therapy.Both forms of transplants are also effective at eliminating the occurrence of significant hypoglycemic events (even with only partial islet function evident).Whereas whole pancreas transplantation has also been shown to be very effective at maintaining a euglycemic state over a sustained period of time, thus providing an opportunity for a recipient to benefit from improvement of their blood glucose control, it is associated with a significant risk of surgical and post-operative complications.Islet transplantation is attractive as a less invasive alternative to whole pancreas transplant and offers the future promise of immunosuppression-free transplantation through pretransplant culture.Islet transplantation however, may not always achieve the sustained level of tight glucose control necessary for reducing the risk of secondary diabetic complications and exposes the patient to the adverse effects of immunosuppression.Although recent advances have led to an increased rate of obtaining insulin-independence following islet transplantation, further developments are needed to improve the longterm viability and function of the graft to maintain improved glucose control over time.
Salvianolic Acid A, a New Depside from Roots of<i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> (1984)

A new depside of D-(+)-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-lactic acid and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylethenyl)-caffeic acid, named salvianolic acid A, was isolated from the dried roots of SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA Bunge. Its chemical structure was defined by spectral analysis and chemical degradation.
Effects of Isophorone Diisocyanate on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Shape‐Memory Polyurethane Foams (2014)

Previously developed shape-memory polymer foams display fast actuation in water due to plasticization of the polymer network. The actuation presents itself as a depression in the glass-transition temperature when moving from dry to aqueous conditions; this effect limits the working time of the foam to 10 min when used in a transcatheter embolic device. Reproducible foams are developed by altering the chemical backbone, which can achieve working times of greater than 20 min. This is accomplished by incorporating isophorone diisocyanate into the foam, resulting in increased hydrophobicity, glass transitions, and actuation time. This delayed actuation, when compared with previous systems, allows for more optimal working time in clinical applications.
Interpretation of Fiber Properties (1959)

The resistance of fibers to fracture due to fatigue in flexure is shown to correlate with the wear life of socks and can be used to explain other fabric abrasion resistance phenomena. When single fibers are flexed over a rounded metal bar, the log of the number of flexures to failure has been found to be approximately linearly related to the radius of curvature of the surface of the bar and to the tension on the fiber during the test. An empirical equation is presented relating these variables along with some of the deter mined values for the various proportionality constants for several common fiber types. The relative resistances of different types of fiber to scraping and grinding actions of emery particles was measured and compared with the generally accepted abrasion resistance of fabrics of these fibers. The correlation was so poor as to indicate only a slight probability that the grinding mechanism plays an important role in normal fabric abrasion.
Intelligent prediction monitoring system for predictive maintenance in manufacturing (2005)

This paper presents an intelligent prediction and monitoring system for equipment failure prediction to support equipment maintenance, diagnostics and prognostics in manufacturing environment. The system architecture and implementation techniques, such as agent framework, real-time data acquisition and federated communication are briefly described. Details are given on the intelligent prediction engine which is the key component of the system. A case study for machining tool useful lifetime prediction is presented to demonstrate the usability of the system.
The class 1 outer membrane protein of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>: gene sequence and structural and immunological similarities to gonococcal porins (1989)

The class 1 protein is a major protein of the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis, and an important immunodeterminant in humans. The complete nucleotide sequence for the structural gene of a class 1 protein has been determined. The sequence predicts a protein of 374 amino acids, preceded by a typical signal peptide of 19 residues. The hydropathy profile of the predicted protein sequence resembles that of the Escherichia coli and gonococcal porins. The predicted protein sequence of the class 1 protein exhibits considerable structural similarity to the gonococcal porins PIA and PIB. Western blot studies also reveal immunologically conserved domains between the class 1 protein, PIA and PIB. A restriction fragment from the class 1 gene hybridizes to gonococcal genomic fragments in Southern blots. In addition to the class 1 gene coding region there is a large open reading frame on the opposite strand.
Effects of Oral Administration of Tin and Zinc Protoporphyrin on Neonatal and Adult Rat Tissue Heme Oxygenase Activity (1988)

The purpose of this study was to investigate if oral metalloporphyrin treatment could suppress intestinal heme oxygenase (HO) activity and thus prevent HO-mediated heme degradation in this organ. Six hours after a single 40 mumol/kg oral dose of tin protoporphyrin (TP), zinc protoporphyrin (ZP), or heme to adult rats, no significant difference in the HO activity of the intestine was observed relative to control tissues. Moreover, the activity was not inhibited by in vitro exposure to 40 microM TP or ZP. Liver and spleen HO activity was also not significantly inhibited in vivo after oral administration of metalloporphyrins; however, in vitro exposure to TP or ZP decreased the HO activity of preparations from these organs significantly. Like adults, the intestinal HO activity of neonates was not inhibited effectively by oral administration of either metalloporphyrin. The results of subsequent in vitro exposure of control neonatal tissue preparations to ZP or TP was similar to those using adult tissue preparations. Even at 100 microM, only ZP seemed to have some in vitro inhibitory effect on the intestinal HO of suckling rats. We conclude that intestinal HO is less inhibitable by TP or ZP reaching the intestine via the stomach in concentrations at least 30-fold greater than those achieved after parenteral 40 mumol/kg doses, which cause significant hepatic and splenic HO inhibition. Intestinal absorption and enterohepatic circulation of heme, TP, and ZP do not seem to occur in amounts sufficient to consistently and significantly affect HO activity in liver or spleen.
Effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment in Colombia (2012)

Factors associated with uncontrolled HIV infection, especially regarding treatment adherence, must be identified to promote solutions for health care programs treating patients with HIV/AIDS.
NF-jB and the immune response (2006)

One of the primary physiological roles of nuclear factorkappa B (NF-jB) is in the immune system. In particular, NF-jB family members control the transcription of cytokines and antimicrobial effectors as well as genes that regulate cellular differentiation, survival and proliferation, thereby regulating various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, NF-jB also contributes to the development and survival of the cells and tissues that carry out immune responses in mammals. This review, therefore, describes the role of the NF-jB pathway in the development and functioning of the immune system. Oncogene (2006) 25, 6758–6780. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209943
Current switched Josephson latching logic gates with sub-100ps delays (1979)

This paper describes the fabrication and testing of Josephson latching logic gates with an average delay per gate of between 37 to 96 picoseconds, depending on gate design. The gates are of the type developed by Fulton, Pei, and Dunkleberger. The gates employ two 7 micron square Josephson tunnel junctions and a small resistor in a loop. Series chains of 30 to 90 gates were tested. The control current from a previous gate is added to the bias current of the first junction in a gate and causes it to switch out of the zero voltage state. The second junction then switches and diverts most of the bias current to the fanout line. The second junction also diverts the control current from the previous gate through the small resistor to provide isolation between input and output. The experimentally measured margins and the sources of gate delay are discussed.
The Electric Fund Transfer Act: A Primer (1979)

consumer protection. 5 It also represented the culmination of several years of study by the National Commission on Electronic Fund Transfer, a national commission established by Congress in 1974 to study the EFT phenomenon. 6 This article is designed as an introduction to the EFT Act.It will first provide a brief description of the wide variety of services referred to as electronic fund transfers.An overview of the contextual setting of the EFT Act and its history will follow.The article will then examine the major features of the Act, including the Federal Reserve Board's current efforts to develop, promulgate, and interpret the implementing regulation, Regulation E. II. WHAT Is ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFER?At its most basic level, an electronic fund transfer is simply the replacement of a paper order or promise of payment or credit with an electronically-generated message.Although this concept may seem elementary, the capacity for instantaneous transmission of orders in new payment systems represents a major step forward in the evolution of consumer financial services.Any attempt to define the elements of an electronic fund transfer quickly leads one to the realization that the phrase encompasses an almost 5.The EFT Act is concerned primarily with the relationship between the institutional service provider and the individual consumer.Although it will undoubtedly (and perhaps very significantly) affect competition among financial institutions and numerous other regulatory issues, the Act does not purport to address those concerns specifically.Consequently, this Article will not discuss these aspects of EFT development.Numerous articles discussing various EFT topics not expressly within the ambit of the Act's coverage may be found in the recent literature.
Clinical Characteristics of Women With a History of Childhood Abuse (1997)

Childhood physical or sexual abuse is associated with adult health problems including physical symptoms, psychological problems, and substance abuse; for many variables, this association is as strong as for patients experiencing current abuse.
Design and Synthesis of 99mTcN-Labeled Dextran-Mannose Derivatives for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection (2018)

High-specific-activity labeling has been obtained by simple mixing and heating of the [<sup>99m</sup>Tc≡N]<sup>2+</sup> group with the new mannose-dextran derivatives.
Structurally Dynamic Hydrogels Derived from 1,2-Dithiolanes (2015)

The design and generation of adaptable materials derived from structurally dynamic polymers provides a strategy for generating smart materials that can respond to environmental stimuli or exhibit self-healing behavior. Herein we report an expedient organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic carbonates containing pendant dithiolanes (trimethylene carbonate/dithiolane, TMCDT) from poly(ethylene oxide) diols to generate water-soluble triblock (ABA) copolymers containing a central poly(ethylene oxide) block and terminal dithiolane blocks. Hydrogels generated from the triblock copolymers and a cross-linking dithiol exhibited dynamic behavior as a result of the reversible ring opening of the pendant 1,2-dithiolanes. These materials exhibit self-healing behavior, can be injected through a syringe, and rapidly recover their mechanical properties after a severe strain deformation. The dynamic properties of these gels can be modulated with the number of dithiolane units, pH, and temperature.