gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkaline Permanganate Oxidation of Oil-Shale Kerogen (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaline Permanganate Oxidation of Oil-Shale KerogenW. E. Robinson, H. H. Heady, and A. B. HubbardCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 4, 788–791Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50520a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50520a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Live attenuated varicella vaccine. Efficacy for children with leukemia in remission (1984)

One hundred ninety-one varicella-susceptible children with leukemia in remission were immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine. There was serological evidence of an immune response in approximately 80% after one dose and in more than 90% after two doses. The major side effect was mild to moderate rash, seen especially in children with maintenance chemotherapy suspended for one week before and one week after vaccination. Children with rash had higher antibody titers than those without rash, but those with rash were also at risk (10%) to transmit vaccine virus to others. Twenty-two vaccinees subsequently had household exposures to varicella or zoster. The attack rate of clinical varicella in these vaccinees was 18%, significantly lower than the attack rate of approximately 90% in varicella-susceptible persons with household exposures. All cases of clinical illness were extremely mild, with an average of about 50 vesicles. The mild character of the illness was clearly different than varicella in unimmunized children receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. Varicella vaccine was approximately 80% effective in preventing clinical varicella in children with leukemia and completely effective in preventing severe varicella in this high-risk group.
Solvent Extraction of Technetium and Rhenium with Pyridine or Methyl-Substituted Pyridine Derivatives from Alkaline Media (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent Extraction of Technetium and Rhenium with Pyridine or Methyl-Substituted Pyridine Derivatives from Alkaline MediaK. F. SporekCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 6, 751–754Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60174a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60174a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endocrine Therapy plus Zoledronic Acid in Premenopausal Breast Cancer (2009)

The addition of zoledronic acid to adjuvant endocrine therapy improves disease-free survival in premenopausal patients with estrogen-responsive early breast cancer. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00295646.)
Trees (2002)

A tree corresponds to a hierarchy. At the top there is the root, the root can have children, the children can have children, and so on. For example, on a typical personal computer, there is the hard drive (the root), inside it are directories and files, inside directories there are other directories and files, etc. Directories correspond to vertices that have children and files correspond to “leaf” vertices that do not have any children (empty directories contain no files and also correspond to leaves).
Discriminatory Power and Reproducibility of Novel DNA Typing Methods for<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Complex Strains (2005)

In recent years various novel DNA typing methods have been developed which are faster and easier to perform than the current internationally standardized IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method. However, there has been no overview of the utility of these novel typing methods, and it is largely unknown how they compare to previously published methods. In this study, the discriminative power and reproducibility of nine recently described PCR-based typing methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated using the strain collection of the interlaboratory study of Kremer et al. This strain collection contains 90 M. tuberculosis complex and 10 non-M. tuberculosis complex mycobacterial strains, as well as 31 duplicated DNA samples to assess reproducibility. The highest reproducibility was found with variable numbers of tandem repeat typing using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU VNTR) and fast ligation-mediated PCR (FLiP), followed by second-generation spoligotyping, ligation-mediated PCR (LM-PCR), VNTR typing using five repeat loci identified at the Queens University of Belfast (QUB VNTR), and the Amadio speciation PCR. Poor reproducibility was associated with fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism typing, which was performed in three different laboratories. The methods were ordered from highest discrimination to lowest by the Hunter-Gaston discriminative index as follows: QUB VNTR typing, MIRU VNTR typing, FLiP, LM-PCR, and spoligotyping. We conclude that both VNTR typing methods and FLiP typing are rapid, highly reliable, and discriminative epidemiological typing methods for M. tuberculosis and that VNTR typing is the epidemiological typing method of choice for the near future.
Binarized Neural Networks (2016)

We introduce a method to train Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) - neural networks with binary weights and activations at run-time and when computing the parameters' gradient at train-time. We conduct two sets of experiments, each based on a different framework, namely Torch7 and Theano, where we train BNNs on MNIST, CIFAR-10 and SVHN, and achieve nearly state-of-the-art results. During the forward pass, BNNs drastically reduce memory size and accesses, and replace most arithmetic operations with bit-wise operations, which might lead to a great increase in power-efficiency. Last but not least, we wrote a binary matrix multiplication GPU kernel with which it is possible to run our MNIST BNN 7 times faster than with an unoptimized GPU kernel, without suffering any loss in classification accuracy. The code for training and running our BNNs is available.
Data Retention Improvement of Metal-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Semiconductor Memories Using Silicon-Tetrachloride-Based Silicon Nitride with Ultralow Si-H Bond Density (2004)

We have improved the data retention of metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor (MONOS) memories by reducing the Si-H bond density in silicon nitride. This marked improvement was achieved by depositing silicon nitride with NH 3 and SiCl 4 (silicon tetrachloride, STC), instead of with NH 3 and the conventionally used SiCl 2 H 2 (dichlorosilane, DCS). The Si-H bond density of the STC-based nitride was less than 1% that of the DCS-based nitride. We clarified that the improvement was due to the suppression of the leakage of trapped electrons through shallow traps which are related to Si-H bonds with an activation energy of 0.1–0.2 eV.
Aluminide Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel (2013)

Abstract USA Type 304 stainless steel coupons were aluminized at 650, 750 and 850°C for coating times in the 1-25 hour range via halide activated pack cementation. Mass gains per unit area and coating thicknesses were plotted as a function of time. Empirical rate equations and the corresponding parabolic rate constants were obtained for the kinetics of aluminization for these two metrics, i.e., mass change and thickness of coating. The Vickers micro-hardness values of the coated regions ranged between 700-1114 HV. Coating surface phases were identified using X-ray diffraction analysis as Al5FeNi, Al5Fe, Al86Fe14 and AlFe with one or more absent depending upon coating temperatures and times. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy was utilized to obtain diffusion profiles for aluminum, chromium, nickel and iron.
Experimental Synchronization of Independent Entangled Photon Sources (2006)

We report the generation of independent entangled photon pairs from two synchronized but mutually incoherent laser sources. The quality of synchronization is confirmed by observing a violation of Bell's inequality with 3.2 standard deviations in an entanglement swapping experiment. The techniques developed in our experiment are not only important for realistic linear optical quantum-information processing, but also enable new tests of local realism.
Percepção Ambiental dos Expositores do 1º Salão de Humor da Amazônia: Relato de Caso (2010)

Neste artigo, investigamos de que modos a Amazônia foi retratada nos 70 cartuns da Ala Ecologia do 1º Salão de Humor da Amazônia, com o objetivo de refletir a respeito das percepções ambientais acerca da região em que vivemos. Nesse sentido, 50% dos cartuns denunciavam o desmatamento e o ser humano aparecia como elemento principal em apenas 17,1%, geralmente retratado como vilão destruidor da floresta. Assim, concluímos que o evento contribuiu para a divulgação do desenho de humor no Pará, porém, propagou uma percepção ambiental de Amazônia essencialmente naturalista e também como um problema a ser resolvido, pouco enfatizando a complexidade natural e social da região. Considerando que havia expositores de vários países e o júri era brasileiro, sugerimos ações de Educação Ambiental no sentido de favorecer uma visão mais holística do ambiente amazônico.\n\nPalavras-chave: Educação Ambiental. Meio ambiente. Desmatamento. Cartuns.\n\nEnvironmental perception of the exhibitors in 1º salão de humor da Amazônia: a case study\n\n"\n\nIn this paper we investigate the ways in which Amazonia was portrayed in the 70 cartoons of the Ecology Wing of 1º Salão de Humor da Amazônia (1st Amazonian Humor Exhibition), aiming to reflect upon the environmental perceptions concerning our region. In this regard, 50% of the cartoons denounced deforestation and human beings appeared as the main element in only 17.1%, usually portrayed as villainous destroyers of the forest. From this we concluded that the exhibition contributed to the publicizing of humor cartoons in Pará, however, it spread an environmental perception of Amazonia that is essentially naturalistic and also considered a problem to be resolved, little emphasizing the regionâ€™s natural and social complexity. Considering there were exhibitors from several countries and that the jury was Brazilian, we suggest Environmental Education efforts with the purpose of promoting a more holistic view of the Amazonian environment.\n\nKeywords: Environmental Education. Environment. Deforestation. Cartoons.
COM: what makes it work, black-box encapsulation through multiple, immutable interfaces (2002)

The Component Object Model (COM) (and by definition, DCOM) is the only component system where there is a significant market for commercially available components. This paper discusses the elements of COM's design that have all contributed to making COM such a viable commercial reality: black box-encapsulation, interfaces, interface immutability, multiple interfaces, and location transparency.
Collaborative Real-Time Control of Active Cameras in Large Scale Surveillance Systems (2008)

Abstract. A system that controls a set of Pan Tilt Zoom (PTZ) cameras for acquiring close-up imagery of subjects in a surveillance site is presented. The PTZ control is based on the output of a multi-camera, multi-target tracking system operating on a set of fixed cameras, and the main goal is to acquire imagery of subjects for biometrics purposes such as face recognition, or non-facial person identification. For this purpose, this paper introduces an algorithm to address the generic problem of collaboratively controlling a limited number of PTZ cameras to capture an observed number of subjects in an optimal fashion. Optimality is achieved by maximizing the probability of successfully completing the addressed biometrics task, which is determined by an objective function parameterized on expected capture conditions such as distance at which a subject is imaged, angle of capture and several others. Such an objective function serves to effectively balance the number of captures per subject and quality of captures. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the system which operates in real-time under real-world conditions on four PTZ and four static CCTV cameras, all of which are processed and controlled via a single workstation. 1
Multilingual WSD-like Constraints for Paraphrase Extraction (2013)

The use of pivot languages and wordalignment techniques over bilingual corpora has proved an effective approach for extracting paraphrases of words and short phrases. However, inherent ambiguities in the pivot language(s) can lead to inadequate paraphrases. We propose a novel approach that is able to extract paraphrases by pivoting through multiple languages while discriminating word senses in the input language, i.e., the language to be paraphrased. Text in the input language is annotated with “senses ” in the form of foreign phrases obtained from bilingual parallel data and automatic word-alignment. This approach shows 62 % relative improvement over previous work in generating paraphrases that are judged both more accurate and more fluent. 1
Promotion of Neovascularization Around Hollow Fiber Bioartificial Organs Using Biologically Active Substances (1999)

A limiting factor of the long-term function of bioartificial organs is oxygen delivery to the encapsulated tissue. This study determined whether incorporation of endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) into the alginate core of a hollow fiber bioartificial organ will induce neovascularization around the hollow fiber. Polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidine difluoride (PVDF) hollow fibers were examined. Endothelial cell growth factor was incorporated into sodium alginate, extruded into the lumen of hollow fibers, and cured in calcium chloride. Samples without ECGF were fabricated and used as controls. Hollow fibers were implanted into 16 rats. For each rat, two implants were placed subcutaneously and two intraperitoneally, one with and one without ECGF at each site. Implants were placed on opposite sides of each animal. Implants were removed 65 days later and examined using immunohistochemical methods and light microscopy to determine the extent of neovascularization. A total of 64 implants were used. Most intraperitoneal implants were found free floating but were encased within a 100-microm thick avascular fibrotic reaction. This finding was independent from the presence of ECGF. Hollow fibers without ECGF, implanted subcutaneously, also had an avascular fibrotic reaction surrounding each implant. Subcutaneous implants with incorporation of ECGF within the alginate core had marked neovascularization within the fibrotic overgrowth that surrounded these implants. This was most prevalent in hollow fibers, with the thin separation layer facing the fiber lumen irrespective of limiting pore size. Potent angiogenic factors, such as ECGF, incorporated into diffusion chamber bioartificial organs can promote neovascularization around the subcutaneously implanted hollow fiber and may improve oxygen delivery to the tissue encapsulated within devices based on this technology.
Biology of CCR5 and Its Role in HIV Infection and Treatment (2006)

Chemokine receptors are found on cell surfaces and promote cellular migration by chemotaxis. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to infect cells. Strategies that target human CCR5 are therefore being developed to prevent and treat HIV infection. Antiviral strategies that target a host element necessary for viral replication may be predicted to interfere with the function of that element and may therefore adversely affect the host. We conducted a review of the literature between November 2005 and April 2006 with a focus on articles addressing the genetics and function of CCR5, the effects of CCR5 deletion in human and murine systems, and treatment strategies for HIV infection that target this coreceptor. English-language articles in the human and murine literature published between March 1996 and April 2006 were identified through a search of MEDLINE using CCR5 as the search term. Relevant articles as judged by their titles and abstracts were reviewed in detail. In addition, based on our knowledge of the field and with permission, unpublished work was also reviewed. In this article, we explore the effects that targeting CCR5 may have on host defenses in individuals with immunity already compromised by HIV infection.
Partial or near‐total pancreatectomy for persistent neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: the pathologist's role (1998)

Intra-operative examination of small pancreatic specimens taken from the different parts of the gland allows one to determine the type of lesion (focal or diffuse) in neonatal onset hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, and to decide on the most appropriate surgical treatment.
How to Encipher Messages on a Small Domain Deterministic Encryption and the Thorp Shuffle (2009)

We analyze the security of the Thorp shuffle, or, equivalently, a maximally unbalanced Feistel network. Roughly said, the Thorp shuffle on N cards mixes any N 1−1/r of them in O(r lg N) steps. Correspondingly, making O(r) passes of maximally unbalanced Feistel over an n-bit string ensures CCA-security to 2 n(1−1/r) queries. Our results, which employ Markov-chain techniques, enable the construction of a practical and provably-secure blockcipher-based scheme for deterministically enciphering credit card numbers and the like using a conventional blockcipher.
La espiritualidad y el yo como bases de una militancia en la vida (2004)

El autor recorre los diversos mundos de la espiritualidad, desde sus manifestaciones en la vida cotidiana expresadas en las ideas fuerza de amor, de paz, de libertad, hasta su relacion con lo trascendente; y nos propone una espiritualidad existencial y un cambio de mentalidad colectiva conducente a ecologia del yo que se ancla en la necesidad humana de sentido. Postula finalmente una espiritualidad llevada en una militancia en la vida, que nos situa en la profundizacion interior y la integracion, el encuentro de lo individual y lo social, lo inmanente y lo trascendente, el misterio y el compromiso imperativo de cambiar la vida.
Effects of low intensity infrared laser irradiation upon conduction in the human median nerve in vivo (1994)

The current investigation, for which ethical permission was obtained, was designed to assess the putative neurophysiological effects of low intensity (9.6 J/cm2) laser (830 nm) irradiation upon conduction latencies in the human median nerve in vivo. Antidromic nerve conduction studies were performed on the non-dominant arms of healthy human volunteers (n = 51), who were each assigned to one of a variety of laser, placebo or control groups under randomized, blinded conditions. Analysis of negative peak latency differences using analysis of variance showed small (approximately 0.4 ms) but significant increases in latencies as a result of direct laser irradiation, and, where two-site recording was used, distal to the site of irradiation. No such differences were seen in the other experimental groups. These results show that laser irradiation applied to intact skin at the parameters used here may produce a direct, localized effect upon conduction in underlying nerves.
Anisotropic laser etching of oxidized (100) silicon (1989)

Laser-induced anisotropic chemical etching of silicon is reported, by using a 488 nm Ar+ laser in direct write mode and high-pressure Cl2 process gas. Surface modifications directly comparable with conventional anisotropic wet etching methods have been obtained. A main role in the process is played by the masking effect due to a thin uniform SiO2 film grown on the Si substrate. An explanation of the etching mechanism is attempted.
Kriging‐based sequential inspection plans for coordinate measuring machines (2008)

Abstract Kriging models have been extensively used to predict spatial data in geostatistics and, more recently, to approximate the output of deterministic simulation. This paper presents a novel application of kriging in the field of industrial metrology. Exploiting the recognized predictive capability of kriging models, we use them to drive the online construction of sequential plans for inspecting industrial parts on coordinate measuring machines. These machines are universally adopted to check the compliance of parts to dimensional and geometric specifications. In two analyzed case studies kriging‐based inspection plans outperform fixed‐sample plans widespread in industry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodynamic therapy of deep tissue abscess cavities: Retrospective image‐based feasibility study using Monte Carlo simulation (2019)

Assuming that the subjects analyzed were representative of the overall patient population, over 150 patients that received percutaneous abscess drainage during the study period would have been eligible for MB-PDT at the time of drainage, with smaller abscesses being more amenable for treatment. This technique could potentially reduce abscess recurrence, duration of drainage catheter placement, and reliance on systemic antibiotics. These results motivate a future Phase 2 clinical trial following successful completion of the ongoing safety study.
Mixtures of Ionic Liquid and Organic Carbonate as Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.