gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel magnet-actuated droplet manipulation platform using a floating ferrofluid film (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel but versatile magnet-actuated platform for droplet manipulation, which uses a ferrofluid film floating on a liquid surface as magnetic actuator. In contrast to the traditional magnetic droplet manipulation, this platform can handle droplets without magnetically functionalizing them. Due to the immiscibility of the oil-based ferrofluid and water, the droplets desired to be manipulated can stably rest on the surface of the floating ferrofluid film (FFF) under the action of surface tension, thereby offering possibilities for magnetically-driven droplet manipulations. Such a floating, magnetically responsive liquid film not only offers an open surface for active 2D droplet manipulation, but also enables complex droplet manipulations in 3D space. Using FFF, we demonstrate a "full-space" droplet manipulation, including droplet transport/coalescence above FFF (i.e. in air), droplet transport/coalescence on FFF and droplet encapsulation/release under FFF (i.e. in liquid). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of the magnetic field intensity, the ferrofluid concentration, the droplet volume, and the FFF thickness on droplet kinematics. By finely tuning these operating conditions, the FFF strategy can enjoy more operational latitude than traditional droplet systems, thus allowing more versatile liquid handling.
The Efficacy of Several New Handwashing Agents for Removing Non-Transient Bacterial Flora from Hands (1986)

Forty subjects participated in a study of four handwashing agents evaluated for their efficacy in removing non-transient bacteria: 70% isopropanol, 0.05% stabilized iodine, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 1% para-chloro-meta-xylenol. Each subject performed a non-medicated handwash to remove transient flora. Afterwards, three consecutive experimental handwashes were performed using a 10-second contact time, and a fourth handwash employed a 1-minute contact time. Quantitative post-handwash cultures were obtained using the sterile bag technique incorporating an effective agent neutralizer. Significant mean log10 reductions were documented for chlorhexidine gluconate, but only after the third (P = .05) and fourth (p = .004) handwash; however, the total log10 reduction was less than 1.0 for any single agent. Subsequently, three evaporative handwash agents, including 70% isopropanol, 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropanol, and a 60% isopropanol formulation containing evaporative retardants, were tested in 14 subjects. Contact time was prolonged to the point of evaporation prior to culturing. Four consecutive post-handwash cultures were obtained after performing a baseline pre-handwash culture. When compared with the other two evaporative agents, the 60% isopropanol formulation demonstrated significant mean log10 reductions for each handwash (p less than or equal to .03), with a total log10 reduction of 2.9 over all four handwashes (p = .0001). The brief contact time incorporated in our handwashing technique reflects clinical usage patterns. The marked bacterial reduction demonstrated by the 60% isopropanol formulation warrants further study.
Practical solutions to soil–structure interaction problems (2001)

Abstract Interaction of a structure and its foundation with the soil is discussed in this paper, and some of the numerical and analytical methods that have been developed for the analysis of raft and piled raft foundations are presented. It is shown that the use of simple spring models for the soil behaviour can lead to erroneous result and it is recommended that their use should be discontinued. Simple finite layer techniques are also examined, and results are compared with those of three‐dimensional finite element techniques. It is shown that the finite layer techniques can yield good results for displacements in the raft and for moments induced into the piles. It is also shown that the use of thin plate theory for the raft can give good results for thick rafts and can be used for raft and piled raft analysis. The effect of including the stiffness of the superstructure in the analysis of the foundation is examined, and it is shown that the type of structure and its stiffness can have an effect on the deformation of the foundation. Finally, an analysis of an instrumented structure is carried out, and it is shown that reasonably good predictions of the behaviour of the foundation can be made through the use of soil‐structure interaction theory and finite layer techniques.
A Configurable Random Instruction Sequence (RIS) Tool for Memory Coherence in Multi-processor Systems (2014)

The challenge of verification of a multi-processor design is growing rapidly due to the increase of complexity in the design, bus protocols, weakly ordered memory and the presence of multiple hierarchies of caches in the memory subsystem. Adding to this complexity, ARM architecture also defines a set of attributes and characteristics required to support memory and devices in the system memory map. One of the key issues that need to be addressed, under these scenarios, is making sure that memory is consistent and coherent as different processors access, cache and update a single shared address space. In this work we present an ARM internal random instruction sequence (RIS) tool, MEMRIS (Memory Random Instruction Sequence), which provides a scalable approach to verify and validate memory coherence in multi-processor/cluster systems with up to 8-processors in both AARCH32/AARCH64. The output format of the generator is native ARM executables intended to run in a top-level simulation based environment. The MEMRIS generator allows the user to control many aspects of the test such as the number, size and location of address spaces as well as the mix of instructions that will operate on the defined memory regions. These memory regions are then configured to be shared between the Processing Elements (PEs), using defined address constraints, to hence trigger various sharing scenarios and invoke snoops and cache-line migrations. These scenarios are built using assembly sequences bounded into discrete zones. The zones are synchronized with various primitives throughout the test, i.e. Using Bakers algorithm and exclusives. The tool also internally models the code execution threads as to provide an optional self-check memory sequence at the end of the test.
Design and Characterization of 180 GHz Filters in Photoimageable Thick-Film Technology (2005)

The design and performance of 180 GHz substrate integrated waveguide filters is presented. It is shown that photoimageable thick film technology can achieve the precise dimensional control needed for design at G-band. TRL calibration standards are fabricated in the substrate integrated waveguide medium itself and excellent results are obtained for the 140-200 GHz frequency range. 0.1 and 0.01dB ripple filters are designed and fabricated, with 8 and 6.2% relative bandwidths. The measured results show excellent agreement with electromagnetic simulations.
ETV6-AML1 Translocation Breakpoints Cluster Near a Purine/Pyrimidine Repeat Region in the ETV6 Gene (1999)

The t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation, fusing the ETV6 andAML1 genes, is the most frequent chromosomal translocation associated with pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although the genomic organization of the ETV6 gene and a breakpoint cluster region (bcr) in ETV6 intron 5 has been described, mapping of AML1 breakpoints has been hampered because of the large, hitherto unknown size of AML1 intron 1. Here, we report the mapping of the AML1 gene between exons 1 and 3, cloning of ETV6-AML1 breakpoints from different patients, and localization of the AML1 breakpoints withinAML1 intron 1. In contrast to the tightly clustered ETV6breakpoints, the AML1 breakpoints were found to be dispersed throughout AML1 intron 1. Although nucleotide sequence analysis of the breakpoint junctions showed several 5/7 matches for the V(D)J consensus heptamer recognition sequence, these matches were present only on the ETV6 alleles and not on the AML1 alleles, making it unlikely that the translocations were mediated by a simple V(D)J recombination mistake. Interestingly, several breakpoints as well as a stable insertion polymorphism mapped close to a polymorphic, alternating purine-pyrimidine tract in the ETV6 gene, suggesting that this region may be prone to DNA recombination events such as insertions or translocations. Finally, the presence of an insertional polymorphism within the ETV6 bcr must be recognized to avoid incorrect genotype designation based on Southern blot analysis.
Highly selective reactive ion etching applied to the fabrication of low-noise AlGaAs GaAs FET's (1986)

Selective dry etching of GaAs to AlGaAs (x = 0.25) using pure CCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> etching gas has been achieved. During reactive ion etching (RIE), the discharge has been analyzed by optical emission and mass spectroscopy. A high-selectivity ratio up to 1000, associated with a clean and anisotropic etching or an undercut of GaAs can be obtained by adjustment of the pressure. Selective RIE has been used to etch the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> GaAs cap layer of an n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure and to define the gate recess of discrete two-dimensional electron-gas FET's (TEGFET's). Results on low-noise TEGFET's fabricated by this technique are reported for the first time. Thanks to the reduction of side etching, very low source resistances have been obtained (less than 1 Ω . mm) for a source-to-gate distance up to 2 µm. Noise figures of 2 dB have been measured at 12 GHz with an associated gain of 8.3 dB for a gate length of 0.7 µm.
Lateral field effect in twisted nematic cells (1992)

The lateral field existing in the ON state of a liquid crystal display (LCD) can result in an undesired reverse tilt domain in each pixel, thereby leading to poor contrast ratio of the display. As pixel size becomes smaller to meet the requirements of a high-information-content display, the problem becomes worse. In this paper, we present experimental results and theoretical analysis of the lateral field effect in the twisted nematic (TN) cell, which is most commonly used in the thin-film-transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT/LCD). The effects of various cell parameters, such as pretilt angle, bus-line-to-pixel spacing, and cell gap thickness, on the pixel reverse tilt domain and on the corresponding optical performance have been studied in detail. The results are useful for TFT/LCD design and cell fabrication.
A Cloud-Based Tool for Brand Monitoring in Social Networks (2014)

The rapid growth of World Wide Web and new communications platforms, such as blogs and social media, allows users to play an active role in the web. Nowadays, these platforms have evolved in a new media, to discover what is happening anytime and anywhere. Recently, several companies have understood the benefits provided by social media's content analysis. Enterprises can now have a valid insight for monitoring what users think about their brand, products or advertisements. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based tool for brand monitoring in social media, namely Social Brand Monitoring (SBM). We compute the polarity of the sentiment associated to users' contents, proposing a simple algorithm to quantify the popularity of a user and how the sentiment changes according to the user's popularity, namely the user influence. Our brand monitoring tool can help enterprises in improving their efficiency and effectiveness in satisfying the customers' needs and expectations.
Balanced interframe multiple description video compression (2003)

A balanced twin-description interframe video coder is designed and performance results are presented for video transmission aver packet networks with packet losses. The coder is based on a predictive multiple description quantizer structure called mutually-refining DPCM (MR-DPCM). The novel feature of this predictive quantizer is that the decoder and encoder filter states trade in either of the two single-channel modes as well as in the two-channel mode. The performance and indeed the suitability of the multiple description approach for a network with packet lasses depends an the packetization method. Two packetization methods are considered-a "correct" one and a low latency but "incorrect" one. Performance results are presented for synthetic sources as well as for a video sequence under a variety of conditions.
Anionic Control of Function in Vertebrate Hemoglobins (1980)

Point mutations in the amino acid sequence of normal human hemoglobin have provided a powerful means of probing structure-function relationships in this respiratory protein. Through studies of specific hemoglobin variants it has been possible to gain a better understanding of how electrostatic interactions exercise control over the functional properties of hemoglobin. Human hemoglobin variants of particular interest in this respect are those with alterations of amino or carboxyl terminal residues and alterations at or near the binding site for the physiologically important cofactor 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. In deoxy hemoglobin it has been established that salt bridges formed by the terminal residues constrain the tetramer in a low affinity conformation. From the information presently available, it appears that the charge cluster of the 2,3 diphosphoglycerate binding site is an important part of the innerspring mechanism that tends to destabilize the deoxy conformation. When anions bind to these residues the repulsive interactions between the positively charged residues of this region are decreased. This provides a direct means by which anionic interactions with hemoglobin can shift the conformational equilibrium toward the low affinity state. Accordingly anion and pH effects are decreased in a number of hemoglobin variants whose substitutions reduce the positive charge density in the region of the binding site for polyphosphates. The presence of the charge cluster provides for a fine tuning of hemoglobin s functional properties that is responsive to the concentration of metabolic effectors in vivo. The degree to which this is possible varies in the vertebrate hemoglobins which have been examined. In human hemoglobin eight positively charged residues contribute to the charge cluster and anionic modulation of oxygen affinity is effective. Susceptibility to anionic modulation is decreased in hemoglobins where the charge cluster is less developed and is completely absent in some vertebrate hemoglobins. Anionic modulation, which occurs via an effect on the equilibrium between conformational states of high and low oxygen affinity is possible even in systems which do not show cooperative interactions in oxygen binding. This is well established by studies on isolated chains of human hemoglobin and by studies on enzymatically modified tetramers of Amphiuma hemoglobin.
A Pipelined Pseudoparallel System Architecture for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Analysis (1982)

In this paper we introduce the concept of pseudoparallelism, in which the serial algorithm is partitioned into several noninteractive independent subtasks so that parallelism can be used within each subtask level. This approach is illustrated by applying it to a real-time dynamic scene analysis. Complete details of such a pseudoparallel architecture with an emphasis to avoid interprocessor communications have been worked out. Problems encountered in the course of designing such a system with a distributed operating system (no master control) have been outlined and necessary justifications have been provided. A scheme indicating various memory modules, processing elements, and their data-path requirements is included and ways to provide continuous flow of partitioned information in the form of a synchronized pipeline are described.
Pedestrian-Synthesis-GAN: Generating Pedestrian Data in Real Scene and Beyond (2018)

State-of-the-art pedestrian detection models have achieved great success in many benchmarks. However, these models require lots of annotation information and the labeling process usually takes much time and efforts. In this paper, we propose a method to generate labeled pedestrian data and adapt them to support the training of pedestrian detectors. The proposed framework is built on the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with multiple discriminators, trying to synthesize realistic pedestrians and learn the background context simultaneously. To handle the pedestrians of different sizes, we adopt the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) layer in the discriminator. We conduct experiments on two benchmarks. The results show that our framework can smoothly synthesize pedestrians on background images of variations and different levels of details. To quantitatively evaluate our approach, we add the generated samples into training data of the baseline pedestrian detectors and show the synthetic images are able to improve the detectors' performance.
Substrate Effects on Pupation and Adult Emergence of<i>Hermetia illucens</i>(Diptera: Stratiomyidae): Table 1. (2013)

Black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), are of particular interest for their applications in waste management. Feeding on decaying organic waste, black soldier flies successfully reduce manure in confined animal feeding operations of poultry, swine, and cattle. To optimize waste conversion in confined animal feeding operations and landfill facilities, it is imperative to optimize black soldier fly development. Unfortunately, black soldier flies only convert waste during their larval feeding stages and therefore it is of interest to optimize the nonfeeding stages of development, specifically, the postfeeding and pupal stages. The time spent in these stages is thought to be determined by the pupation substrate encountered by the postfeeding larvae. The objective of this study was to determine the effect different pupation substrates have on postfeeding development time, pupation time, and adult emergence success. Five pupation substrates were compared: wood shavings, potting soil, topsoil, sand, and nothing. Postfeeding larvae took longer to reach pupation in the absence of a pupation substrate, although reaching pupation in the shortest time in potting soil and wood shavings. The time spent in the pupal stage was shortest in the absence of a pupation substrate. However, fewer adults emerged when a pupation substrate was not provided.
Total body water distribution of creatinine and urea in nephrectomized dogs (1960)

It was the purpose of this study to measure and to compare the volumes of distribution of creatinine, urea and tritiated water in nephrectomized dogs. After bilateral nephrectomy a solution containing known amounts of these was infused intravenously and at a constant rate in some studies. Frequent arterial blood samples were taken during and following infusion for periods up to 20 hours and were analyzed for water and the infused substances. The respective volumes of distribution and rates of dilution were calculated. Isotopic water and urea were distributed in 95% and creatinine in 61% of their final volumes of distribution at the end of a 30-minute infusion. Final equilibrium occurred in about 90 minutes with water and urea and in about 4 hours with creatinine. Creatinine became distributed in 99 ± 3% of the tritiated water volume and in 101 ± 5% of the urea volume. Urea distributed in 98 ± 4% of the tritiated water volume. It is concluded that administered creatinine is distributed in total body water of nephrectomized dogs with an equilibrium time of about 4 hours and that urea is similarly distributed within 1 1/2 hours.
Prospects for personalized targeted therapies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (2014)

Targeted therapies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remain limited. Extensive genetic heterogeneity complicates a robust molecular characterization of the evolution of cSCC. Nonetheless, potential targeted therapies for this cancer are under investigation, including the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which may yield promising results. In addition, the emergence of immune checkpoint blockade therapy and vaccine-based methods may provide novel treatment strategies for cSCC that are tailored to the individual patient. Ultimately, a combination of such methods may yield a multi-pronged targeted approach to personalize the treatment of cSCC.
Mechanism of tornado funnel formation (1976)

The mechanism of formation of a tornado funnel was observed in a specially designed facility for tornado simulation. In this facility, a tornado cyclone is first simulated at the exit of a vortex generator. Interaction of this vortex with a ground plane is found to be responsible for the funnel formation. Time-averaged velocity measurements indicate that a smaller, but highly concentrated vortex core is developed upward from the ground plane due to the horizontal convergence motion induced by the above interaction. The flow visualization technique has revealed that the funnel cloud is the downward extension of its parent cloud inside this invisible concentrated vortex core. This is possibly the fluid mechanical phenomenon of axial flow reversal usually occurring in a converging or diverging swirling flow.
Empirical evaluation of hash functions for multipoint measurements (2008)

A broad spectrum of network measurement applications demand passive multipoint measurements in which data from multiple observation points has to be correlated. Examples are the passive measurement of one-way delay or the observation of the path that a packet takes through a network. Nevertheless, due to high data rates and the need for fine granular measurements, the resource consumption for passive measurements can be immense. Furthermore, the resource consumption depends on the traffic in the network, which usually is highly dynamic. Packet and flow-selection methods provide a solution to reduce and control the resource consumption for passive measurements. In order to apply such techniques to multipoint measurements the selection processes need to be synchronized. Hash-based selection is a deterministic packet selection based on a hash function computed on selected parts of the packet content. This selection decision is consistent throughout the network and enables packet tracing and the measurement of delay between network nodes. Because the selection is based on deterministic function it can introduce bias which leads to wrong estimation of traffic characteristics. In this paper we define a set of quality criteria and select methods to investigate which hash function is most suitable for hash-based packet selection. We analyze 23 non-cryptographic and 2 cryptographic hash functions. Experiments are performed with real traffic traces from different networks. Based on the results we recommend 2 fast hash functions which show low bias and sample a representative subset of the population.
Giant fusiform aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery: successful Hunterian ligation without distal bypass (1998)

Giant fusiform aneurysm is a rare vascular lesion which presents difficult management issues. We describe one such aneurysm in a middle cerebral artery branch (M2) that presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage and was managed operatively. Clinical, radiological and pathological presentations, as well as the different treatment options for this type of aneurysm are discussed based on a literature review. A satisfactory results in an M2 giant fusiform aneurysm can be achieved with Hunterian ligation of the parent vessel even when a distal EC-IC bypass is not possible.