gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refractive index sensor based on an abrupt taper Michelson interferometer in a single-mode fiber (2008)

A simple refractive index sensor based on a Michelson interferometer in a single-mode fiber is constructed and demonstrated. The sensor consists of a single symmetrically abrupt taper region in a short piece of single-mode fiber that is terminated by approximately 500 nm thick gold coating. The sensitivity of the new sensor is similar to that of a long-period-grating-type sensor, and its ease of fabrication offers a low-cost alternative to current sensing applications.
Overcoming bottlenecks in high-speed transport systems (2002)

An architecture is presented for HSLAN/MAN controllers. This front-end processor system (FEP) is designed for operation in a CLN/LLC 1 environment, and implements the ISO OSI TP4 transport protocol. The FEP uses one or more commercial microprocessors with layers 2b-4 implemented in firmware. The protocol processors are supported by custom VLSI hardware such as a checksummer, DMA units, and process coupling devices as required. Layers 1 and 2a are provided by commercial chipsets. The FEP is optimised for a LAN/MAN environment while allowing the host to communicate over wide-area networks. It is general enough to be adapted to non-OSI protocol suites. Initial estimates indicate that the FEP should be able to transmit and receive at full FDDI bandwidth with a TPDU length of 1k octets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Osteochondral Defects in the Human Knee (2004)

Rim stress concentration was demonstrated for osteochondral defects 10 mm and greater in size. This altered load distribution has important implications relating to the long-term integrity of cartilage adjacent to osteochondral defects in the human knee. Although the decision to treat osteochondral lesions is certainly multifactorial, a size threshold of 10 mm, based on biomechanical data, may be a useful adjunct to guide clinical decision making.
Export of malaria proteins requires co-translational processing of the PEXEL motif independent of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding (2016)

Plasmodium falciparum exports proteins into erythrocytes using the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) motif, which is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by plasmepsin V (PMV). A recent study reported that phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) concentrated in the ER binds to PEXEL motifs and is required for export independent of PMV, and that PEXEL motifs are functionally interchangeable with RxLR motifs of oomycete effectors. Here we show that the PEXEL does not bind PI(3)P, and that this lipid is not concentrated in the ER. We find that RxLR motifs cannot mediate export in P. falciparum. Parasites expressing a mutated version of KAHRP, with the PEXEL motif repositioned near the signal sequence, prevented PMV cleavage. This mutant possessed the putative PI(3)P-binding residues but is not exported. Reinstatement of PEXEL to its original location restores processing by PMV and export. These results challenge the PI(3)P hypothesis and provide evidence that PEXEL position is conserved for co-translational processing and export.
Polyamine Oxidase and Acrolein as Novel Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Cerebral Stroke (2005)

The results indicate that increased levels of AcPAO, SMO, and acrolein are good markers of stroke.
Diffusion time dependence of the apparent diffusion tensor in healthy human brain and white matter disease (2001)

The diffusion time dependence of the brain water diffusion tensor provides information regarding diffusion restriction and hindrance but has received little attention, primarily due to limitations in gradient amplitude available on clinical MRI systems, required to achieve short diffusion times. Using new, more powerful gradient hardware, the diffusion time dependence of tensor-derived metrics were studied in human brain in the range 8-80 ms, which encompasses the shortest diffusion times studied to date. There was no evidence for a change in mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, or in the eigenvalues with diffusion time in healthy human brain. The findings are consistent with a model of unrestricted, but hindered water diffusion with semipermeable membranes, likely originating from the extracellular space in which the average extracellular separation is less than 7 microns. Similar findings in two multiple sclerosis plaques indicated that the size of the water diffusion space in the lesion did not exceed this dimension.
Biological Active Analogues of the Opioid Peptide Biphalin: Mixed α/β<sup>3</sup>-Peptides (2013)

Natural residues of the dimeric opioid peptide Biphalin were replaced by the corresponding homo-β(3) amino acids. The derivative 1 containing hβ(3) Phe in place of Phe showed good μ- and δ-receptor affinities (Ki(δ) = 0.72 nM; Ki(μ) = 1.1 nM) and antinociceptive activity in vivo together with an increased enzymatic stability in human plasma.
Multiple modes of GABAergic inhibition of rat cerebellar granule cells (2003)

Cerebellar granule cells are inhibited phasically by GABA released synaptically from Golgi cells, but are inhibited more powerfully by tonic activity of high affinity α(6) subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors. During development the tonic activity is generated by the accumulation of GABA released by action potentials, but in the adult the tonic activity is independent of action potentials. Here we show that in adult rats the tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors is produced by non-vesicular transmitter release and is reduced by the activity of GAT-1 and GAT-3 GABA transporters, demonstrating that alterations of GABA uptake will modulate information flow through granule cells. Acetylcholine (ACh) evokes a large Ca(2+)-dependent but action potential-independent release of GABA, which activates α(6) subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors. These data show that three separate modes of transmitter release can activate GABA(A) receptors in adult cerebellar granule cells: action potential-evoked exocytotic GABA release, non-vesicular release, and ACh-evoked Ca(2+)-dependent release independent of action potentials. The relative magnitudes of the inhibitory charge transfers generated by action potential-evoked release (during high frequency stimulation of the mossy fibres), tonic inhibition and superfused ACh are 1:3:12, indicating that tonic and ACh-mediated inhibition may play a major role in regulating granule cell firing.
Lipoxin A4 Inhibits IL-1β-Induced IL-6, IL-8, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Production in Human Synovial Fibroblasts and Enhances Synthesis of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (2000)

Lipoxins are a novel class of endogenous eicosanoid mediators that potently inhibit inflammatory events by signaling via specific receptors expressed on phagocytic cells. Animal models have shown that lipoxin A4 (LXA4) down-regulates inflammation in vivo. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the expression of LXA4 receptors, and their up-regulation by IL-1 beta, in normal human synovial fibroblasts (SF). We examined whether exogenous LXA4 abrogated IL-1 beta stimulation of SF in vitro. IL-1 beta induced the synthesis of IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and -3. At nanomolar concentrations, LXA4 inhibited these IL-1 beta responses with reduction of IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis, by 45 +/- 7% and 75 +/- 11%, respectively, and prevented IL-1 beta-induced MMP-3 synthesis without significantly affecting MMP-1 levels. Furthermore, LXA4 induced a 2-fold increase of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and a approximately 3-fold increase of TIMP-2 protein levels. LXA4 inhibitory responses were dose dependent and were abrogated by pretreatment with LXA4 receptor antiserum. LXA4-induced changes of IL-6 and TIMP were accompanied by parallel changes in mRNA levels. These results indicate that LXA4 in activated SF inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and MMP and stimulates TIMP production in vitro. These findings suggest that LXA4 may be involved in a negative feedback loop opposing inflammatory cytokine-induced activation of SF.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography Visualization of Abnormal Tumor Vasculature in Genetically Engineered Mice (2005)

Previous research on the vasculature of tumor-bearing animals has focused upon the microvasculature. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) offers a noninvasive, complementary approach that provides information about larger vessels. Quantitative analysis of MRA images of spontaneous preclinical tumor models has not been previously reported. Eleven TgT121;p53+/- mice, which invariably develop choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), and nine age-matched healthy controls were imaged using T1, T2, and a high-resolution three-dimensional time-of-flight MRA sequences at 3 T. Tumors and vessels were segmented to determine tumor volume and vascular attributes, including number of terminal branches, vessel count, and the average vessel radii of MRA-visible vessels within the tumor. Differences in the vasculature between tumor-bearing animals and healthy controls were analyzed statistically. Although the spatial resolution of MRA prohibits visualization of capillaries, a high density of intratumor blood vessels was visualized in CPC mice. A significant increase in terminal branch count and vessel count, but not average vessel radius, was observed in CPCs when compared with normal controls. Both terminal branch count and vessel count were highly correlated with tumor volume. This study represents the first MRA analysis of a spontaneous preclinical brain tumor model. Although the spatial resolution of MRA is less than histologic analysis, MRA-obtained vascular attributes provide useful information with full brain coverage. We show that consistent tumor vasculature properties can be determined by MRA. Such methods are critical for developing preclinical therapeutic testing and will help guide the development of human brain tumor analyses.
Time-dependent small-angle light scattering of shear-induced concentration fluctuations in polymer solutions (1992)

A small-angle light-scattering experiment probing the time-dependent behavior of a semidilute polymer solution under simple shear is presented. Specifically, this paper investigates time-dependent anisotropic growth and orientation of concentration fluctuations in a semidilute solution of polystyrene in dioctyl phthalate above the quiescent cloud-point temperature. Two flow cells, which permitted investigation of the structure and dynamics of concentration fluctuations in both the flow-shear and the flow-vorticity planes, were used. Concentration fluctuations were found to be enhanced anisotropically by the shear flow in both planes. In the flow-vorticity plane, shear-enhanced concentration fluctuations orient along the vorticity direction, while in the flow-shear plane, the axis of average orientation is at an angle between 135° and 45° to the direction of flow. Qualitative trends of this anisotropic growth of concentration fluctuations are in agreement with the predictions of the Helfand–Fredrickson model in the flow-shear plane. Furthermore, the Onuki–Doi theory relating the scattering dichroism to the structure factor has been verified experimentally by comparing scattering dichroism calculated from scattering patterns with previous experimentally measured dichroism. Scattering dichroism, both calculated from structure factors and experimentally determined over a range of shear rates and temperatures, is demonstrated to depend only on the Weissenberg number. Relaxation of shear-enhanced fluctuations on cessation of flow allowed for the calculation of a diffusion coefficient.
Optical modeling of a-Si:H solar cells with rough interfaces: Effect of back contact and interface roughness (2000)

An approach to study the optical behavior of hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells with rough interfaces using computer modeling is presented. In this approach the descriptive haze parameters of a light scattering interface are related to the root mean square roughness of the interface. Using this approach we investigated the effect of front window contact roughness and back contact material on the optical properties of a single junction a-Si:H superstrate solar cell. The simulation results for a-Si:H solar cells with SnO2:F as a front contact and ideal Ag, ZnO/Ag, and Al/Ag as a back contact are shown. For cells with an absorber layer thickness of 150–600 nm the simulations demonstrate that the gain in photogenerated current density due to the use of a textured superstrate is around 2.3 mA cm−2 in comparison to solar cells with flat interfaces. The effect of the front and back contact roughness on the external quantum efficiency (QE) of the solar cell for different parts of the light spectrum was determined. The choice of the back contact strongly influences the QE and the absorption in the nonactive layers for the wavelengths above 650 nm. A practical Ag back contact can be successfully simulated by introducing a thin buffer layer between the n-type a-Si:H and Ag back contact, which has optical properties similar to Al, indicating that the actual reflection at the n-type a-Si:H/Ag interface is smaller than what is expected from the respective bulk optical parameters. In comparison to the practical Ag contact the QE of the cell can be strongly improved by using a ZnO layer at the Ag back contact or an ideal Ag contact. The photogenerated current densities for a solar cell with a 450 nm thick intrinsic a-Si:H layer with ZnO/Ag and ideal Ag are 16.7 and 17.3 mA cm−2, respectively, compared to 14.4 mA cm−2 for the practical Ag back contact. The effect of increasing the roughness of the contact interfaces was investigated for both superstrate and substrate types of solar cells. Increasing the roughness of the carrier electrode, i.e., the rough electrode on which the silicon cell structure is deposited, up to 35 nm leads to a strong increase in the photogenerated current density; for higher values of the interface roughness the photogenerated current density tends to saturate.
Rotating flow mixing device for post column reaction in high performance liquid chromatography (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRotating flow mixing device for post column reaction in high performance liquid chromatographyShinichiro. Kobayashi and Kazuhiro. ImaiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 9, 1548–1549Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50059a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50059a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dissociation of antigen-presenting capacity of astrocytes for peptide-antigens versus superantigens (1993)

Although superantigens and their molecular interactions with MHC class II molecules have been well characterized recently, little is known concerning the physiological function of different types of APC in inducing superantigen-mediated T cell activation. To evaluate the potential of nonhematopoetic cells to present superantigens to T cells, we have tested astrocytes as a typical "nonprofessional" APC. Although astrocytes can express appropriate levels of MHC class II products and adhesion molecules, they turned out to be unable to mediate superantigen-driven activation of normal T lymphocytes, even in the presence of rather high concentrations of toxins. In contrast, they could properly present equimolar amounts of nominal Ag to various Ag-specific T cell lines under the same experimental conditions. Inability of astrocytes to support T cell responses to superantigens could not be overcome by addition of cytokines IL-1 and IL-6. Binding studies with class II-expressing astrocytes revealed that T cell unresponsiveness was not due to a general failure of astrocytes to bind the superantigen. Moreover, the resulting SA-class II complex was recognizable by TCR, as demonstrated by the capacity to activate IL-2 secretion in T cell hybridomas. Our results extend previous studies demonstrating marked differences of various types of APC to trigger T cell responses to superantigens and describe for the first time a dissociation of the Ag-presenting capacity for peptide-Ag vs superantigen on an accessory cell.
Evidence for Possible Involvement of 5-HT<sub>2B</sub>Receptors in the Cardiac Valvulopathy Associated With Fenfluramine and Other Serotonergic Medications (2000)

Our data imply that activation of 5-HT(2B) receptors is necessary to produce VHD and that serotonergic medications that do not activate 5-HT(2B) receptors are unlikely to produce VHD. We suggest that all clinically available medications with serotonergic activity and their active metabolites be screened for agonist activity at 5-HT(2B) receptors and that clinicians should consider suspending their use of medications with significant activity at 5-HT(2B) receptors.
Alkyl 3-pyridylmethyl ketones and derivatives (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAlkyl 3-pyridylmethyl ketones and derivativesDavid L. Krottinger, Rodney M. Schumacher, Eldon H. Sund, and Timothy J. WeaverCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1974, 19, 4, 392–393Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60063a003https://doi.org/10.1021/je60063a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sodium Diclofenac and Cell-Penetrating Peptides Embedded in H<sub>II</sub> Mesophases: Physical Characterization and Delivery (2011)

Glycerol monooleate (GMO)-based mesophases offer extensive prospects for incorporation of various bioactive molecules. This work deals with the solubilization of selected cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) together with sodium diclofenac (Na-DFC) within the H(II) mesophase for transdermal applications. The effect of CPPs such as RALA (an amphipatic CPP), penetratin (PEN), and oligoarginine (NONA) on Na-DFC skin permeation kinetics to provide controlled release and tune the drug transdermal diffusion was studied. The location of the drug and the CPPs within the mesophase was probed by DSC and FTIR. Na-DFC was found to be located at the interfacial region between the surfactant chains, leading to denser H(II) mesophase. The hydrophilic NONA was intercalated into the aqueous cylinders and caused their swelling. It induced a significant decrease in the hydrogen binding between the GMO carbonyls and their surrounding. The amphiphilic PEN was entrapped within two different regions, depending on its concentration. PEN and NONA improved Na-DFC permeation by 100%, whereas RALA enhanced permeation by 50%. When estimating Na-DFC migration rate out of the mesophase toward surrounding aqueous media, it appeared to be slower with the CPPs. The peptides were not involved at this diffusion-controlled step. It seems that their effect on skin permeation is based on their specific interaction with the skin.
The DGSA: unmet information security challenges for operating system designers (1998)

The Department of Defense (DoD) Goal Security Architecture (DGSA) introduces a broader view of information security from that previously held by the Department, one which has much more in common with the requirements of an inter-networked commercial view of information security. The purpose of this paper is to introduce designers of operating systems to the most important aspects of the DGSA conceptual framework in order to open discussions on both the suitability of the framework and the feasibility of its implementation. The rationale for this framework is discussed in this paper. Challenging aspects of implementation are presented, and areas needing refinement prior to operating system implementation are described.Work supported by the National Security Agency and the Defense Information Systems Agency under contract number DASW01-94-C-0054. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.
Megaco Protocol Version 1.0 (2000)

This document is common text with Recommendation H.248 as redetermined in Geneva, February 2000. It must be read in conjunction with the Megaco Errata, RFC 2886. A merged document presenting the Megaco protocol with the Errata incorporated will be available shortly.
Treatment of Dumping Syndrome (1964)

no knowledge as to whether it is a widely recognized occurrence.Last year I was treating an elderly lady who suffered from congestive heart failure and severe osteoarthritis of her knees.Oral diuretics were insufficient to control the ex- tensive oedema of her legs and it seemed desirable to reinforce this with weekly injec- tion of " neptal " (o-(2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymercuripropylcarbomyl) phenoxyacetic acid and theophylline).This produced a satisfac- tory diminution in the oedema, but it became very evident that on each occasion it was accompanied by exacerbation of the pain in her knees, which improved as the oedema re- formed in the course of the next few days.Your article suggests that the lubrication of joints depends on the viscosity of the synovial fluid rather than on the quantity, but the inference I drew from my patient was that the bone surfaces were being kept separated by an increased volume of intra-articular fluid, as part of the general oedema of the leg, and that the diuretic produced a relative intra-articular dehydration and consequent friction.At all events the patient was grate- ful when I treated her oedema less diligently.-I am, etc.,