gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Polypyrrole−Silver Nanocomposites Prepared in the Presence of Different Dopants (2005)

Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) powder synthesized by using FeCl3 x 6 H2O and/or Fe(NO3)3 oxidants was impregnated in silver salt solutions. The stability and decomposition of the material was followed by thermogravimetric measurements. The total silver content was determined by atom absorption spectroscopy (ICP-AAS). The heat and electric conductivities of the composites were measured and correlated with the silver content. The incorporated silver was speciated and measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The spectra proved that the chemical state of the silver incorporated into the composite depends on the anion used in the polymerization process. In the case of the polymerization in a nitrate ion containing solution, the impregnation leads exclusively to the formation of metallic silver. The size distribution of the AgCl and Ag nanoparticles, determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures in the different composites, proves the formation of a rather uniform species below 10 and 7 nm, respectively. The observations can be correlated with the different interactions in the PPy-chloride/nitrate-silver systems. The redox type interaction based conclusions can be considered as a guide during the preparation of other metal-conducting polymer composites.
Species differentiation by internally transcribed spacer PCR and HhaI digestion of fluconazole-resistant Candida krusei, Candida inconspicua, and Candida norvegensis strains (1997)

PCR amplification of the regions containing the internally transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene of Candida krusei, C. inconspicua, and C. norvegensis yielded fragments of 510, 460, and 500 bp, respectively. HhaI digestion of these fragments yielded species-specific bands. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA with primer R108 showed interspecific discriminatory band patterns. Susceptibilities to fluconazole and amphotericin B were determined.
Surface modification with a remote atmospheric pressure plasma: dc glow discharge and surface streamer regime (2005)

A remote atmospheric pressure discharge working with ambient air is used for the near room temperature treatment of polymer foils and textiles of varying thickness. The envisaged plasma effect is an increase in the surface energy of the treated material, leading, e.g., to a better wettability or adhesion. Changes in wettability are examined by measuring the contact angle or the liquid absorptive capacity. Two regimes of the remote atmospheric pressure discharge are investigated: the glow regime and the streamer regime. These regimes differ mainly in power density and in the details of the electrode design. The results show that this kind of discharge makes up a convenient non-thermal plasma source to be integrated into a treatment installation working at atmospheric pressure.
Tracking of Objects in Video Scenes with Time Varying Content (2002)

We propose a method for tracking of objects contained in video sequences. Each video object is represented by a set of polygonal regions. A bottom up approach (spatial segmentation/motion estimation) is applied for the initialisation of the method, a limited human interaction is used to build the semantic map of the first frame in video sequence. The tracking of this model along a video sequence is based on detecting and indexing new objects in a video scene. Semantic rules are used to label new objects and, the current state of segmentation is validated by forward projection of the background.
Eessõna / Foreword (2015)

Dear reader.In your hand, you hold the second issue of the Estonian Native Crafts Department of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy annual periodical Studia Vernacula with the title “Manifest”. The aim of the publication is still to make a contribution to Estonian studies by investigating native manual heritage and creating an academic meeting place for craft culture. As previously, the journal will make its way to its readers in October around the time when working away from home comes to an end and granaries are being inventoried. The time of reflection. On behalf of Studia Vernacula I'd like to thank all of the authors and the readers with constructive criticism who have helped to sculpt the journal to become more streamlined. I'd like to bring out the students of the Native Crafts Department whose work has made us believe in the future of crafts. A big Thank You to the entire team of Studia Vernacula and especially to Helen Kästik, Kanni Labi, Madis Rennu, Lembe Lahtmaa and Kristjan Mändmaa for being interested in the contents and the quality and comprehensibility of the journal and for the many hours spent with manuscripts and their authors. Their professional attitude has been an irreplaceable form of support for my work as editor-in-chief. We are grateful to the University of Tartu for supporting the publishing of the journal from the budget for ethnic studies, to the Cultural Endowment of Estonia for covering the editing, translating, and printing expenses, and to Männiku Metsatalu for their moral and physical support.Aimla, Viljandi County, September 2015
Polarized Raman Confocal Microscopy of Single Gallium Nitride Nanowires (2005)

Polarized Raman spectra and corresponding Raman scattering intensity images of an isolated gallium nitride nanowire with a diameter of 170 nm are presented. The sensitivity of the confocal microscope combined with a high-resolution piezoelectric stage enables analysis of the crystalline phase and crystallographic orientation of an individual nanowire with an excellent spatial and spectral resolution in a short acquisition time.
The Anti-inflammatory Drug Indomethacin Alters Nanoclustering in Synthetic and Cell Plasma Membranes (2010)

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin exhibits diverse biological effects, many of which have no clear molecular mechanism. Membrane-bound receptors and enzymes are sensitive to their phospholipid microenvironment. Amphipathic indomethacin could therefore potentially modulate cell signaling by changing membrane properties. Here we examined the effect of indomethacin on membrane lateral heterogeneity. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of cells expressing lipid-anchored probes revealed that treatment of BHK cells with therapeutic levels of indomethacin enhances cholesterol-dependent nanoclustering, but not cholesterol-independent nanoclustering. Immuno-electron microscopy and quantitative spatial mapping of intact plasma membrane sheets similarly showed a selective effect of indomethacin on promoting cholesterol-dependent, but not cholesterol-independent, nanoclustering. To further evaluate the biophysical effects of indomethacin, we measured fluorescence polarization of the phase-sensitive probe Laurdan and FRET between phase-partitioning probes in model bilayers. Therapeutic levels of indomethacin enhanced phase separation in DPPC/DOPC/Chol (1:1:1) and DPPC/Chol membranes in a temperature-dependent manner, but had minimal effect on the phase behavior of pure DOPC at any temperature. Taken together, the imaging results on intact epithelial cells and the biophysical assays of model membranes suggest that indomethacin can enhance phase separation and stabilize cholesterol-dependent nanoclusters in biological membranes. These effects on membrane lateral heterogeneity may have significant consequences for cell signaling cascades that are assembled on the plasma membrane.
AAVP displaying octreotide for ligand-directed therapeutic transgene delivery in neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas (2016)

Patients with inoperable or unresectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have limited treatment options. These rare human tumors often express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and thus are clinically responsive to certain relatively stable somatostatin analogs, such as octreotide. Unfortunately, however, this tumor response is generally short-lived. Here we designed a hybrid adeno-associated virus and phage (AAVP) vector displaying biologically active octreotide on the viral surface for ligand-directed delivery, cell internalization, and transduction of an apoptosis-promoting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transgene specifically to NETs. These functional attributes of AAVP-TNF particles displaying the octreotide peptide motif (termed Oct-AAVP-TNF) were confirmed in vitro, in SSTR type 2-expressing NET cells, and in vivo using cohorts of pancreatic NET-bearing Men1 tumor-suppressor gene KO mice, a transgenic model of functioning (i.e., insulin-secreting) tumors that genetically and clinically recapitulates the human disease. Finally, preclinical imaging and therapeutic experiments with pancreatic NET-bearing mice demonstrated that Oct-AAVP-TNF lowered tumor metabolism and insulin secretion, reduced tumor size, and improved mouse survival. Taken together, these proof-of-concept results establish Oct-AAVP-TNF as a strong therapeutic candidate for patients with NETs of the pancreas. More broadly, the demonstration that a known, short, biologically active motif can direct tumor targeting and receptor-mediated internalization of AAVP particles may streamline the potential utility of myriad other short peptide motifs and provide a blueprint for therapeutic applications in a variety of cancers and perhaps many nonmalignant diseases as well.
Anytime path planning and replanning in dynamic environments (2006)

We present an efficient, anytime method for path planning in dynamic environments. Current approaches to planning in such domains either assume that the environment is static and replan when changes are observed, or assume that the dynamics of the environment are perfectly known a priori. Our approach takes into account all prior information about both the static and dynamic elements of the environment, and efficiently updates the solution when changes to either are observed. As a result, it is well suited to robotic path planning in known or unknown environments in which there are mobile objects, agents or adversaries
ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEPSIS (2008)

The outcome of sepsis and septic shock has not significantly improved in recent decades despite the development of numerous drugs and supportive care therapies. To reduce sepsis-related mortality, a better understanding of molecular mechanism(s) associated with the development of sepsis and sepsis-related organ injury is essential. There is increasing evidence that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the mediation of systemic responses to invading pathogens during sepsis. However, the role of TLRs in the development of sepsis and in sepsis-related organ injury remains debatable. In this review, we focus on the biological significance of TLRs during sepsis. Medline was searched for pertinent publications relating to TLRs, with emphasis on their clinical and pathophysiological importance in sepsis. In addition, a summary of the authors' own experimental data from this field was set in the context of current knowledge regarding TLRs. In both animal models and human sepsis, TLRs are highly expressed on monocytes/macrophages, and this TLR expression may not simply be a ligand-specific response in such an environment. The fact that TLR signaling enables TLRs to recognize harmful mediators induced by invading pathogens may be associated with a positive feedback loop for the inflammatory response among different cell populations. This mechanism(s) may contribute to the organ dysfunction and mortality that occurs in sepsis. A better understanding of TLR biology may unveil novel therapeutic approaches for sepsis.
Induction of a T-cell mediated suppressor activity by soluble products from antigen-specific helper/inducer human T-cell lines. (1983)

Influenza virus-specific (A/X31) long-term cultured human T-cell lines belonging to the helper/inducer T-cell set, produce high potency antigen specific helper factors which induce in vitro antibody production to A/X31 by autologous B cells, as well as small and variable amounts of non-specific helper factors. When added to unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both cultured T cells and their supernatants suppress in vitro antibody synthesis as measured by a solid phase enzyme-linked immunoassay, and T-cell proliferation to antigens and allogeneic cells, but not to mitogens. This phenomenon was further analysed and could be separated into several steps: (i) the production of suppressor inducer factor(s) by the T-cell lines which are distinct from the helper molecules; (ii) activation of T cells belonging to the suppressor/cytotoxic subset as defined by monoclonal antibodies, a process which is antigen-independent and non-genetically restricted, and is optimal with 18 hr incubation; (iii) the activated T cells non-specific suppress antibody production and antigen-induced or allogeneic cell-induced T-cell proliferation. Thus, antigen-specifically activated T-inducer cells exert multiple activities, including specific and non-specific help and non-specific induction of T suppressor cells.
Assessing a novel room temperature DNA storage medium for forensic biological samples (2012)

Author(s): Lee, Steven B.; Clabaugh, Kimberly C.; Silva, Brie; Odigie, Kingsley O; Coble, Michael D.; Loreille, Odile; Scheible, Melissa; Fourney, Ron M.; Stevens, Jesse; Carmody, George R.; Parsons, Thomas J.; Pozder, Arijana; Eisenberg, Arthur J.; Budowle, Bruce; Ahmad, Taha; Miller, Russell W.; Crouse, Cecelia A.
Evidence for the presence of potassium channels in the paranodal region of acutely demyelinated mammalian single nerve fibres. (1981)

1. A study has been made of the ionic currents in voltage-clamped single rabbit nodes of Ranvier at 22-26 degrees C both under normal conditions, and after the nerve fibres had been acutely demyelinated by a variety of treatments designed to lossen the myelin from the axonal membrane. 2. The myelin-loosening treatments included application of various combinations of: lysolecithin (to dissolve the myelin); collagenase (to loosen the connective tissue in the nodal region); high-potassium Locke solution, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions (to induce axonal volume changes). 3. At a critical stage in such treatment (usually after 15-45 min) a large outward current suddenly appeared. 4. There was no substantial change in the size of the measured inward sodium current when measured at this critical stage. 5. The outward current was blocked by internal TEA and caesium ions, had a reversal potential that became more positive when the external potassium concentration was increased, was kinetically similar to the known potassium current in frog fibres, and was therefore assumed to be a potassium current. 6. The phase of large outward current, whenever it appeared, was always accompanied by the appearance of a slow transient capacitative component in the leakage current, which indicated a marked increase in the effective nodal capacity (of 10- to 60-fold). We suggest that the slow transient capacity current reflected charging of newly exposed axonal membrane, probably in the paranodal region, which was uncovered by the various acute demyelination treatments. This internodal membrane seems to contain mostly potassium channels and few, if any, sodium channels. 7. Newly dissected fibres occasionally showed large potassium currents before treatment, particularly if they were deliberately stretched during dissection; a marked slow capacity transient current was consistently present in these fibres. 8. The effects of acute paranodal demyelination on the sodium and potassium currents, and on the transient capacity currents, can be simulated by a model in which the node is coupled to a cable-like paranode which contains Hodgkin--Huxley type potassium channels and which has a much higher leakage resistance. 9. The functional significance of the presence of potassium channels in rhe internodal region (at least in the paranode) of mammalian fibres is discussed.
Two-Stage Electricity Demand Modeling Using Machine Learning Algorithms (2017)

Forecasting of electricity demand has become one of the most important areas of research in the electric power industry, as it is a critical component of cost-efficient power system management and planning. In this context, accurate and robust load forecasting is supposed to play a key role in reducing generation costs, and deals with the reliability of the power system. However, due to demand peaks in the power system, forecasts are inaccurate and prone to high numbers of errors. In this paper, our contributions comprise a proposed data-mining scheme for demand modeling through peak detection, as well as the use of this information to feed the forecasting system. For this purpose, we have taken a different approach from that of time series forecasting, representing it as a two-stage pattern recognition problem. We have developed a peak classification model followed by a forecasting model to estimate an aggregated demand volume. We have utilized a set of machine learning algorithms to benefit from both accurate detection of the peaks and precise forecasts, as applied to the Polish power system. The key finding is that the algorithms can detect 96.3% of electricity peaks (load value equal to or above the 99th percentile of the load distribution) and deliver accurate forecasts, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.10% and resistant mean absolute percentage error (r-MAPE) of 2.70% for the 24 h forecasting horizon.
Purification and characterization of CS2, a sialic acid-specific haemagglutinin of enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1988)

CS2 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were purified and characterized. The surface haemagglutinins (fimbriae) were detached by sonication from a strain producing only the CS2 fimbriae. Isolation was carried out by gel filtration on a Sepharose 4B column. After depolymerization, the fimbriae subunits were purified on a Sephacryl S-300 column in 8.0 M-guanidinium chloride. From 1 litre of medium, 4-6 mg of purified fimbriae was obtained. We found that CS2 fimbriae were completely dissociated by saturated guanidinium chloride into subunits with a molecular mass of 16.5 kDa. CS2 fimbriae was sialic acid-specific, since sialic acids were the most potent inhibitors, and neuraminidase treatment of erythrocytes abolished haemagglutination. Both fimbriae and fimbrial subunits were found to bind to bovine erythrocytes. The binding of subunits to erythrocytes could be inhibited with low concentrations of sialyl-lactose.
Detection of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE in antibodies in invasive amoebiasis in endemic areas. (1990)

Entamoeba histolytica--specific serum IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were assayed in cases of amoebiasis in an endemic area. Patient groups consisted of amoebic liver abscess (n = 18), pre abscess hepatic amoebiasis (n = 22) and amoebic colitis (n = 30). Control subjects comprised 26 asymptomatic cyst passers, 13 giardiasis cases, 20 typhoid patients and 24 non amoebic individuals. Serum IgG was assayed by ELISA: using a monoclonal anti IgG beta-galactosidase (IgG beta-gal) conjugate, a polyclonal avidin biotin horse radish peroxidase (AB-HRP) and a polyclonal anti IgG horse radish peroxidase (IgG HRP) conjugate. IgA and IgM were assayed by the beta-gal ELISA and IgE by AB-HRP. Diagnostically significant IgG and IgA while lower IgM and IgE levels were seen in extra intestinal cases. About 40% of suspected pre abscess hepatic amoebiasis cases were confirmed by antibody estimation. All isotype levels in most dysentery cases were in the range of the controls. Inter assay coefficient of variation and assay specificity/sensitivity are also discussed.
<i>s-cis</i> octatetraene: Ground state barrier for <i>s-cis</i> to <i>s-trans</i> isomerization (1984)

At temperatures below 10 K photolysis of solutions of all-trans octatetraene in n-octane efficiently produce a photoproduct which has been identified as an s-cis isomer. This paper reports quantitative measurements of the relative concentrations of this photoproduct and the all-trans precursor as a function of irradiation and temperature. These data establish that the primary photochemical channel open to all-trans octetraene under these conditions leads to the production of the s-cis isomer which, at temperatures above 50 K, quantitatively reverts to the all-trans form. This thermal reversion is well described as an activated first order process proceeding over a barrier of 4.0±0.2 kcal/mol. A model for computing isomerization rate constants from a simple one-dimensional potential also quantitatively fits the data. In this model the barrier height for s-cis to s-trans conversion is 3.16 kcal/mol, the enthalpy of the s-cis species is 2.88 kcal/mol above that of the all-trans and the internal rotor is a terminal ethylene group.
Predicting Regional Lung Deposition of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Particles (1993)

Inhalation exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) particles may increase health risks, but only to the extent that the particles deposit in the respiratory tract. We describe a technique to predict regional lung deposition of environmental tobacco smoke particles. Interpretation of particle size distribution measurements after cigarette combustion by a smoking machine in a test room yields an effective emissions profile. An aerosol dynamics model is used to predict indoor particle concentrations resulting from a specified combination of smoking frequency and building factors. By utilizing a lung deposition model, the rate of ETS mass accumulation in human lungs is then determined as a function of particle size and lung airway generation. Considering emissions of sidestream smoke only, residential exposures of nonsmokers to ETS are predicted to cause rates of total respiratory tract particle deposition in the range of 0.4–0.7 μg / day per kg of body weight for light smoking in a well-ventilated residence and 8–13 μg / day per kg for moderately heavy smoking in a poorly ventilated residence. Emissions of sidestream plus mainstream smoke lead to predicted deposition rates about a factor of 4 higher. This technique should be useful for evaluating health risks and control techniques associated with exposure to ETS particles
Parameter tracking of STE for IS-136 TDMA systems with rapid dispersive fading and co-channel interference (2002)

We investigate parameter tracking of spatial-temporal equalization for IS-136 TDMA cellular/PCS systems. We present three parameter tracking algorithms: the diagonal loading minimum mean-square-error algorithm, which uses the diagonal loading to improve tracking ability, the 2-stage tracking algorithm, which uses diagonal loading in combination with a reduced complexity architecture, and the simplified 2-stage tracking algorithm, which further reduces the complexity to one M/spl times/M and one 3/spl times/3 matrix inversion for weight calculation with M antennas.