gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standardized Method for In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms (2001)

Candida albicans is implicated in many biomaterial-related infections. Typically, these infections are associated with biofilm formation. Cells in biofilms display phenotypic traits that are dramatically different from those of their free-floating planktonic counterparts and are notoriously resistant to antimicrobial agents. Consequently, biofilm-related infections are inherently difficult to treat and to fully eradicate with normal treatment regimens. Here, we report a rapid and highly reproducible microtiter-based colorimetric assay for the susceptibility testing of fungal biofilms, based on the measurement of metabolic activities of the sessile cells by using a formazan salt reduction assay. The assay was used for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of several C. albicans strains grown as biofilms against amphotericin B and fluconazole and the increased resistance of C. albicans biofilms against these antifungal agents was demonstrated. Because of its simplicity, compatibility with a widely available 96-well microplate platform, high throughput, and automation potential, we believe this assay represents a promising tool for the standardization of in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of fungal biofilms.
Threshold current density of strained InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well lasers lattice matched to GaAs (1994)

The theoretical study on the threshold current density (Jth) of InxGa1−xAs/InGaAsP quantum well (QW) lasers lattice matched to GaAs is presented. The results are also compared with those of InxGa1−xAs/GaAs QW lasers. For relatively long cavity length (≳1000 μm), two lasers have similar values of the Jth for x&lt;0.25, in particular, for the wavelength of 0.98 μm. On the other hand, for x≳0.25, InGaAs/InGaAsP lasers show lower values of the Jth than InGaAs/GaAs lasers for all cavity lengths. The results indicate that InGaAs/InGaAsP lasers are expected as a promising light source for optoelectronic applications.
Development of Control Algorithm for Effective Simultaneous Control of Multiple MR Dampers (2013)

A multi-input single-output (MISO) semi-active control systems were studied by many researchers. For more improved vibration control performance, a structure requires more than one control device. In this paper, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) semi-active fuzzy controller has been proposed for vibration control of seismically excited small-scale buildings. The MIMO fuzzy controller was optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm. For numerical simulation, five-story example building structure is used and two MR dampers are employed. For comparison purpose, a clipped-optimal control strategy based on acceleration feedback is employed for controlling MR dampers to reduce structural responses due to seismic loads. Numerical simulation results show that the MIMO fuzzy control algorithm can provide superior control performance to the clipped-optimal control algorithm.
Research note: theoretical optimisation of IT/IS investments (1999)

The justification of information technology (IT) is inherently fuzzy, both in theory and practice. This is due to the largely intangible dimensions of IT projects. In view of this, this research note presents the results of ongoing research, in the application of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM), as a tool to identify complex functional interrelationships associated with the justification of IT. This paper presents a theoretical functional model which describes these relationships and, by using an FCM, further interrelationships are developed in the context of justifying IT projects. A procedure which would address the optimisation of these intangible relationships in the form of a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed as a process for investment justification.
Stress relaxation and creep on living cells with the atomic force microscope: a means to calculate elastic moduli and viscosities of cell components (2010)

In this work we present a unified method to study the mechanical properties of cells using the atomic force microscope. Stress relaxation and creep compliance measurements permitted us to determine, the relaxation times, the Young moduli and the viscosity of breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The results show that the mechanical behaviour of MCF-7 cells responds to a two-layered model of similar elasticity but differing viscosity. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with an actin-depolymerising agent results in an overall decrease in both cell elasticity and viscosity, however to a different extent for each layer. The layer that undergoes the smaller decrease (36-38%) is assigned to the cell membrane/cortex while the layer that experiences the larger decrease (70-80%) is attributed to the cell cytoplasm. The combination of the method presented in this work, together with the approach based on stress relaxation microscopy (Moreno-Flores et al 2010 J. Biomech. 43 349-54), constitutes a unique AFM-based experimental framework to study cell mechanics. This methodology can also be extended to study the mechanical properties of biomaterials in general.
Some biological activity of aryloxypropanolamins of bisphenol derivatives. (1993)

Epoxy resins and hydrochloride salts of aryloxypropanolamines of bisphenol derivatives were synthesised and characterised by elemental, IR, 1H NMR spectral data. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and hypotensive activities.
Implantable low power integrated pressure sensor system for minimal invasive telemetric patient monitoring (2002)

A new low power integrated pressure sensor system with digital output (1 bit PDM signal) for medical applications is presented. The absolute pressure sensor comprising 400 nm thick surface micromachined polysilicon membranes for capacitive pressure detection and a monolithic integrated 2/sup nd/ order sigma-delta-modulator including voltage reference and timing generator is extremely miniaturized on an area of approximately 3 mm/sup 2/. For protection and biocompatibility reasons the sensor is coated with a silicone elastomer of up to 100 /spl mu/m thickness, which does not influence the sensor's performance. The sensor system was tested in vitro in physiological NaCl solution, showing excellent results compared to a commercially available reference sensor. The sensor system is working well down to a supply voltage of 2.2 V at a power consumption of 0.5 mW. The resolution is better than 12 bit. Due to the small chip area, low power consumption and cost effective production process, the sensor is ideal for medical applications, e.g. in combination with telemetric power and data transmission as an implantable sensor to reduce the mortality risk of intensive care patients.
Four methods of measuring tidal volume during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (2006)

Tidal volume can be measured during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation using a variety of techniques. Frequency-specific calibration improves the accuracy and precision of tidal volume measurements. Hot wire anemometry exhibits stable performance characteristics across the range of temperature, humidity, Fio2, and inspiratory/expiratory ratios encountered clinically, has a small deadspace, is unaffected by mean airway pressure, and is therefore suitable for clinical applications.
Component-based ECU design method of passenger car information integrated control system (2009)

Based on in-vehicle network technology and ECU (electronic control unit), passenger car information integrated control system implements correlative real-time control of passenger car functions. ECU is the core of system function implementation. Currently, passenger car ECU is designed according to special function requirement. Passenger car model has diversity because of the difference of market requirement and technology level. Variety of function requirement causes high cost and problem of maintenance for ECU development and application. In this paper, component-based ECU design method of passenger car information integrated control system is presented. Based on the analysis of holistic function of ECU, ECU components of passenger car information integrated control system are designed. In order to implement ldquocomponent-ECU-systemrdquo 3-level development mode, ECU component configuration method and process are put forward. According to the function requirements of WG6100ENH model natural gas city bus information integrated control system, the system ECUs are designed. This case verifies the efficiency of the method presented in this paper.
Preliminary development of a biomimetic amphibious robot capable of multi-mode motion (2007)

This paper presents the mechatronic issues of an amphibious robot capable of multi-mode motion, entirely inspired by some impressive propulsion solutions offered by the Nature. Considering that the oscillating fin utilized by fishes and cetaceans is an efficient propulsive mode under water and wheel is another formidable opponent on ground, a multi-purpose, amphibious propulsive mechanism that combines carangiform or dolphin-like swimming and wheel-like motions is designed. Based on the module-based structure, the robot is composed of a head, multiple identical propelling-units, and a flapping foil, which allows for flexible propulsion, reliable maintenance, as well as scalable fabrication. Further, an ARM-based embedded control system is designed and corresponding motion control algorithms are addressed. Preliminary experiments with the prototype finally validate the effectiveness of the multi-mobility mechanism and control.
Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures (2015)

Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi‐functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi‐functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional configurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage configurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, flexible, wire or cable shaped, ultra‐thin and ultra‐thick configurations, as well as hybrid energy storage‐conversion, or graphene‐incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such configurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted are considered.
Selfish Operons: Horizontal Transfer May Drive the Evolution of Gene Clusters (1996)

A model is presented whereby the formation of gene clusters in bacteria is mediated by transfer of DNA within and among taxa. Bacterial operons are typically composed of genes whose products contribute to a single function. If this function is subject to weak selection or to long periods with no selection, the contributing genes may accumulate mutations and be lost by genetic drift. From a cell's perspective, once several genes are lost, the function can be restored only if all missing genes were acquired simultaneously by lateral transfer. The probability of transfer of multiple genes increases when genes are physically proximate. From a gene's perspective horizontal transfer provides a way to escape evolutionary loss by allowing colonization of organisms lacking the encoded functions. Since organism bearing clustered genes are more likely to act as successful donors, clustered genes would spread among bacterial genomes. The physical proximity of genes may be considered a selfish property of the operon since it affects the probability of successful horizontal transfer but may provide no physiological benefit to the host. This process predicts a mosaic structure of modern genomes in which ancestral chromosomal material is interspersed with novel, horizontally transferred operons providing peripheral metabolic functions.
Digital signal processing system for image pattern recognition (2002)

This paper evaluates the possibility of using a digital signal processor (DSP) in order to implement an image pattern recognition system based on a neural network architecture. The paper presents a brief introduction to neural network architectures and how such architectures can be used in pattern recognition; it presents the implementation of the neural network using a very powerful DSP microcomputer (eg, ADSP 2189 from Analog Devices), illustrates the main results for a character recognition system (execution time and error probability), and presents some conclusions.
SR Modification of Polyester by Novel Acrylate Oligomers End-Capped with Fluoroalkyl Groups. (1996)

過酸化フルオロアルカノイルとポリオキシエチレンメタクリレートから得られる, 両端にフルオロアルキル基を有する新規アクリレートオリゴマーの SR 加工剤としての有効性について, ポリエステルの表面改質から検討した。空気中のような疎水性環境下では, 表面は撰油性に改質され, その表面自由エネルギー値は 25 mJ/m2以下であり, 分散力および極性力成分はそれぞれ 16～18, 2～6 mJ/m2であった。ESCA 分析の結果, フルオロアルキル基は空気に向がって配列し表面を撥油性にしている事が示された。さらに, 表面自由エネルギーの分散力および極性力成分とESCA 分析によるエーテル結合炭素の C1sおよび F1sピークの含有率との間に高い相関があった。この関係を基に, 布の表面自由エネルギーを見積もった。一方, 時間とともに水の接触角は減少し未改質の時よりも低くなった。これは, 水中のような親水性環境下ではポリオキシエチレン基が表面へしみ出して来てオリジナル表面よりも親水性へと変化する (IILIP-FLOP 機構) ことによると説明できる。モデル洗浄実験の結果も, これら新規オリゴマーが FLIP-FLOP 型の SR 加工剤として機能することを支持した。
Carbohydrates as chiral templates: diastereoselective synthesis of N-glycosyl-N-homoallylamines and .beta.-amino acids from imines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbohydrates as chiral templates: diastereoselective synthesis of N-glycosyl-N-homoallylamines and .beta.-amino acids from iminesSabine Laschat and Horst KunzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 20, 5883–5889Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00020a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00020a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views808Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parametric phase information based 2D Cepstrum PSF estimation method for blind de-convolution of ultrasound imaging (2014)

In the ultrasound imaging system, blurring which occurs after passing through ultrasound scanner system, represents point spread function (PSF) that describes the response of the ultrasound imaging system to a point source distribution. So, de-blurring can be achieved by de-convolving the ultrasound images with an estimated of corresponding PSF. However, it is hard to attain an accurate estimation of PSF due to the unknown properties of the tissues of the human body through the ultrasound signal propagates. In this paper, we present a new method for PSF estimation in the Fourier domain (FD) based on parametric minimum phase information, and simultaneously, it performs fast 2D de-convolution in the ultrasound imaging system. Although most of complex cepstrum methods [14], are obtained using complex 2D phase unwrapping [18] [19] in order to estimate the FD-phase information of PSF, our algorithm estimates the 2D PSF using 2D FD-phase information with the parametric weighting factor α and β. They affect the feature of PSF shapes.This makes the computations much simpler and the estimation more accurate. Our algorithm works on the beam-formed uncompressed radio-frequency data, with pre-measured and estimated 2D PSFs database from actual probe used. We have tested our algorithm with vera-sonic system and commercial ultrasound scanner (Philips C4-2), in known speed of sound phantoms and unknown speeds in vivo scans.
Modeling of Aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation in Premixed Methane and Ethane Flames (1996)

Detailed chemical kinetic modeling has been performed to investigate aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon formation pathways in rich, sooting, methane and ethane premixed flames. An atmospheric pressure, laminar flat flame operated at an equivalence ratio of 2.5 was used to acquire experimental data for model validation. Gas composition analysis was conducted by an on-line gas chromatograph / mass spectrometer technique. Measurements were made in the flame and post-flame zone for a number of low molecular weight species, aliphatics, aromatics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranging from two to five-aromatic fused rings. The modeling results show the key reaction sequences leading to aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation primarily involve the combination of resonantly stabilized radicals. In particular, propargyl and I-methylallenyl combination reactions lead to benzene and methyl substituted benzene formation, while polycyclic aromatics are formed from cyclopentadienyl and fused rings that have a shared C3, side structure. Naphthalene production through the reaction step of cyclopentadienyl self-combination, and phenanthrene formation from indenyl and cyclopentadienyl combination were shown to be important in the flame modeling study. The removal of phenyl by O2leading to cyclopentadienyl formation isexpccted to playa pivotal role in the PAH or soot precursor growth process under fuel-rich oxidation conditions.
A 150-mhz 4-bank 64m-bit Sdram With Address Incrementing Pipeline Scheme (2005)

We developed a 150-MHz 64M-bit SDRAM with an address incrementing pipeline scheme. For a synchronous read/write operation, we divided the column access path into three pipeline stages [l]. To increase the operating speed, we developed an address incrementing pipeline scheme, which can concurrently access data at two consecutive addresses. Using this scheme, the area penalty is 1.5% more than that of the conventional DRAM. For high frequency signals, we used T
A validation of the component-based method for software size estimation (2000)

Estimation of software size is a crucial activity among the tasks of software management. Work planning and subsequent estimations of the effort required are made based on the estimate of the size of the software product. Software size can be measured in several ways: lines of code (LOC) is a common measure and is usually one of the independent variables in equations for estimating several methods for estimating the final LOC count of a software system in the early stages. We report the results of the validation of the component-based method (initially proposed by Verner and Tate, 1988) for software sizing. This was done through the analysis of 46 projects involving more than 100,000 LOC of a fourth-generation language. We present several conclusions concerning the predictive capabilities of the method. We observed that the component-based method behaves reasonably, although not as well as expected for "global" methods such as Mark II function points for software size prediction. The main factor observed that affects the performance is the type of component.
Cell adhesion in a dynamic flow system as compared to static system. Glycosphingolipid-glycosphingolipid interaction in the dynamic system predominates over lectin- or integrin-based mechanisms in adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to non-activated endothelial cells. (1992)

Initial adhesion of B16 melanoma variants to non-activated endothelial cells is mediated through specific interaction between GM3 (NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----Cer) expressed on melanoma cells and lactosylceramide (LacCer, Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----Cer) expressed on endothelial cells. This adhesion is predominant over integrin- or lectin-mediated adhesion in a dynamic flow experimental system employing a parallel plate laminar flow chamber (Lawrence, M. B., Smith, C. W., Eskin, S. G., and McIntire, L. V. (1990) Blood 75, 227-237). In this system, a tumor cell suspension flows over a glass plate coated with glycosphingolipid, lectin, or fibronectin, and adhesion is recorded on videotape. These conditions were designed to mimic the microvascular environment in which tumor metastatic deposition takes place. In contrast, lectin- and fibronectin-based mechanisms are predominant in previously used static adhesion systems. Under static conditions, the relative degree of adhesion of the four B16 variants to endothelial cells or to LacCer-coated plates was the same as their relative degree of GM3 expression (i.e. BL6 approximately F10 greater than F1 greater than WA4), and adhesion was inhibited in the presence of methyl-beta-lactoside, or liposomes containing LacCer or GM3. Adhesion was also inhibited by pretreatment of B16 cells with anti-GM3 antibody DH2 or sialidase and by pretreatment of endothelial cells with anti-LacCer antibody T5A7. Under dynamic flow conditions, WA4 cells did not adhere to mouse endothelial cells at high shear stress (greater than 2.5 dynes/cm2) but did adhere at lower shear stress. In contrast, BL6 and F10 cells adhered strongly at both low and high shear stress. BL6 cell adhesion to endothelial cells at both low and high shear stress was inhibited in the presence of antibody DH2, ethyl-beta-lactoside, or lactose, as well as by pretreatment of BL6 cells with sialidase. Thus, some clear differences, as well as similarities, in cell adhesion under static versus dynamic conditions are demonstrated. These findings suggest that melanoma cell adhesion to endothelial cells, based on GM3/LacCer interaction, initiates metastatic deposition, which may trigger a series of "cascade" reactions leading to activation of endothelial cells and expression of Ig family or selectin receptors, thereby promoting adhesion and migration of tumor cells.
Four new genotypes of adenovirus type 3 isolated from patients with conjunctivitis in Japan (1999)

Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) was the most frequently isolated serotype from patients with conjunctivitis during the period from 1989 to 1991 in Japan. All Ad3 strains isolated in 1990 had an identical genotype, Ad3f. However, in 1992, the predominant serotype was replaced by Ad4. The genome type was examined to determine whether genetic changes existed in Ad3 isolates in 1992. Ad3 isolated from 55 patients with acute conjunctivitis during the period from June 1992 to February 1993 in Japan was assessed by genome typing with restriction endonucleases BamH I, Bgl II, Hind III, and Sma I recognizing 6-base-pair sequences. The emergence of four new genotypes of Ad3 was identified; one with a new Bam HI site (one isolate), one with a new Bgl II site (two isolates), one with a new Hind III site (three isolates) and one with a new Sma I site (two isolates). This study demonstrates that the emergence of a new genotype of Ad3 may contribute to the replacement of the predominant serotype associated with adenovirus conjunctivitis in Japan.