gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-assembly in vitro of purified CA-NC proteins from Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1995)

The internal structural proteins of retroviruses are proteolytically processed from the Gag polyprotein, which alone is able to assemble into virus-like particles when expressed in cells. All Gag proteins contain domains corresponding to the three structural proteins MA, CA, and NC. We have expressed the CA and NC domains together as a unit in Escherichia coli, both for Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We also expressed a similar HIV-1 protein carrying the C-terminal p6 domain. RSV CA-NC, HIV-1 CA-NC, and HIV-1 CA-NC-p6 were purified in native form by classic methods. After adjustment of the pH and salt concentration, each of these proteins was found to assemble at a low level of efficiency into structures that resembled circular sheets and roughly spherical particles. The presence of RNA dramatically increased the efficiency of assembly, and in this case all three proteins formed hollow, cylindrical particles whose lengths were determined by the size of the RNA. The optimal pH at which assembly occurred was 5.5 for the RSV protein and 8.0 for the HIV-1 proteins. The treatment of the RSV CA-NC cylindrical particles with nonionic detergent, with ribonuclease, or with viral protease caused disassembly. These results suggest that RNA plays an important structural role in the virion and that it may initiate and organize the assembly process. The in vitro system described should facilitate the dissection of assembly pathways in retroviruses.
Confinement of quarks (1974)

A mechanism for total confinement of quarks, similar to that of Schwinger, is defined which requires the existence of Abelian or non-Abelian gauge fields. It is shown how to quantize a gauge field theory on a discrete lattice in Euclidean space-time, preserving exact gauge invariance and treating the gauge fields as angular variables (which makes a gauge-fixing term unnecessary). The lattice gauge theory has a computable strong-coupling limit; in this limit the binding mechanism applies and there are no free quarks. There is unfortunately no Lorentz (or Euclidean) invariance in the strong-coupling limit. The strong-coupling expansion involves sums over all quark paths and sums over all surfaces (on the lattice) joining quark paths. This structure is reminiscent of relativistic string models of hadrons.
The economics of e-cash (1997)

Electronic cash (e-cash) may end government monopolies on the lucrative business of minting money, but, for all the hype over e-cash, one point is usually left out: it may never come to pass. It all depends on the economics of e-cash, and that's a complicated mix of issues-including whether producers can find an opportunity for profit, whether consumers will accept it as money, and whether governments will allow it to flourish. It could end up as just another big idea with few important applications. E-cash includes an electronically-stored value designed for use either in a single transaction or in many. E-cash that is meant for repeated use is also called electronic currency. Currency and other kinds of e-cash store and convey value in and of themselves rather than merely representing a value residing elsewhere, such as a deposit account. By contrast, electronic checks and debit cards do not store any intrinsic value and thus are not considered as being e-cash, which can be used in transactions off-line and with no transfer of physical material.
ATRAP Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue Does Not Influence the Development of Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice (2017)

Activation of tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mainly mediated by an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R), plays an important role in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. We have shown that AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), a specific binding protein of AT1R, functions as an endogenous inhibitor to prevent excessive activation of tissue RAS. In the present study, we newly generated ATRAP/<i>Agtrap</i>-floxed (ATRAP<sup>fl/fl</sup>) mice and adipose tissue-specific ATRAP downregulated (ATRAP<sup>adipoq</sup>) mice by the Cre/loxP system using <i>Adipoq-Cre</i>. Using these mice, we examined the functional role of adipose ATRAP in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Compared with ATRAP<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice, ATRAP<sup>adipoq</sup> mice exhibited a decreased ATRAP expression in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) by approximately 30% and 85%, respectively. When mice were fed a high-fat diet, ATRAP<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice showed decreased endogenous ATRAP expression in WAT that was equivalent to ATRAP<sup>adipoq</sup> mice, and there was no difference in the exacerbation of dietary obesity and glucose and lipid metabolism. These results indicate that ATRAP in BAT does not influence the pathogenesis of dietary obesity or metabolic disorders. Future studies that modulate ATRAP in WAT are necessary to assess its in vivo functions in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Fruiting of Schizophyllum commune induced by certain ceramides and cerebrosides from Penicillium funiculosum. (1985)

Fruiting bodies were formed around a Penicillium colony which appeared as a contaminant in a culture of Schizophyllum commune, and this phenomenon was reproduced with a synthesized system consisting of S. commune IAM 9006 and P. funiculosum A-1. The active substances were recovered in an acetone extract of the mycelia of P. funiculosum, purified by silica gel column chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They were ceramides and cerebrosides having nonadecasphingadienine and 2-hydroxy fatty acid moieties in common. The major component was identified as (4E, 8E)-N-2'-hydroxy-(E)-3'-octadecenoyl-1-O-β-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4, 8-sphingadienine.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Anion Exchange Membranes (2021)

In this dissertation I profile and compare the lives and works of Charlotte Delbo, Noor Inayat Khan, and Germaine Tillion, who were of the same generation and who actively participated in the French Resistance during the Holocaust. I discuss ways in which these writers frequently infuse modes of art and frequently theater into their works, in literary characters, situations, imagery, and gendered subjectivity. I introduce my notion of “writing resistance,” by which I mean not only these writers’ eye witness accounts and representations of the historical events of WW II, but especially their subjective, often quite intimate reflections on their own personal engagements in initiatives aimed at resisting the devastating onslaught of Nazi power. “Writing resistance”<em> </em>thus examines how these writers’ works and experiences foreground their respective roles as <em>résistantes</em>.
Baseband Processing in a High-Speed Burst Modem for a Satellite-Switched TDMA System (1979)

We present block diagram designs for the baseband processing modules required to implement high-speed (600 Mbit/s) burst modems for use in TDMA satellite systems. Our main concern is to obtain designs which can be implemented with a minimum of high-speed (ECL) devices so as to reduce design and hardware costs. A major consideration in the modem operation is to accurately synchronize it to a reference frame-marker broadcast by a master earth station. Since frame mark recovery must be done at the full serial bit rate, the proposed design relies on the periodic nature of the frame-marker occurrences to enable utilization of short unique words and simple highSpeed electronics to provide extremely reliable marker recovery with virtually no false alarms (or missing markers), even on very noisy channels. Estimates of false alarm rates and the mean time to lock are given. Considerations of clock stability indicate that short-term (150 ms) instabilities must be on the order of a part in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> in order to maintain proper operation of the synchronization circuitry; such stability also minimizes guard time requirements between bursts from the several ground stations sharing a given transponder.
Design of AGV vision navigation system based on the embedded system (2008)

This paper outlines the structure of the AGV(automated guided vehicle) system,and then designs a fuzzy—PID mixed controller,which can be applied to embedded systems,effectively realize vision navigation,and possess the advantages of fuzzy controller and classic PID controller.The experimental results show that with the controller,the AGV can effectively track the path.
Dose-response studies on the carcinogenicity of potassium bromate in F344 rats after long-term oral administration. (1986)

Dose-response studies on the carcinogenicity of potassium bromate (KBrO3), a food additive, were undertaken to examine its effects at low doses. A total of 148 6-week-old male inbred F344 rats were divided into 7 groups. They were given KBrO3 orally in their drinking water at doses of 500, 250, 125, 60, 30, 15, and 0 ppm for 104 weeks, at the end of which time all the surviving animals were autopsied and then examined histopathologically. Shortening of the survival times and marked inhibition of body weight increase were observed in a group given 500 ppm KBrO3. The combined incidences of renal adenocarcinomas and adenomas were significantly increased in rats treated with KBrO3 at doses of 500, 250, and 125 ppm in a dose-related manner. The dose-response curve showed a sigmoid appearance. The value for the virtually safe dose (VSD), calculated by the probit model, was 0.950 ppm KBrO3 at a risk level of 10(-6). However, significant increases in the occurrence of dysplastic foci of the kidney were found in groups at doses higher than 30 ppm KBrO3. The VSD value for the dysplastic foci estimated by the gamma-multi-hit model was 0.148 X 10(-3) ppm KBrO3 at a risk level of 10(-6). In a group tested with 500 ppm KBrO3, the combined incidences for follicular adenocarcinomas and adenomas of the thyroid and for mesotheliomas of the peritoneum were shown to be significantly increased.
THE EFFECT OF TARTRATES ON THE HUMAN KIDNEY (1914)

In 1912 Underhill<sup>1</sup>published his discovery of a severe form of renal degeneration or "nephritis" in rabbits and dogs produced by the subcutaneous administration of sodium tartrate. This publication was followed by three papers regarding experimental tartrate nephritis by F. P. Underhill, H. Gideon Wells and Samuel Gold-schmidt.<sup>2</sup>Their observations are to the following effect: Nephritis with impairment of renal secretory activity and extremely severe degeneration or necrosis of the convoluted tubules may be caused by the subcutaneous administration of less than 0.5 gm. of sodium tartrate to phloridzinized fasting rabbits weighing from 2,000 to 2,500 gm. The lesions seem to involve only the tubular epithelium, the glomerules being practically unaffected. In similar manner nephritis may be caused by tartrate in somewhat larger doses when administered to fasting animals without phloridzin. Rochelle salt administered by mouth to fasting animals causes nephritis: 8 gm. given to a 1,660-gm. rabbit
Physical rendering with a digital airbrush (2014)

Airbrush painting is an expressive art form that allows for unrepeatable spray patterns and unique ink staining. Artists utilize these properties while painting, expressing subjective style and artistic intentions. We present an augmented airbrush device that acts both as a physical spraying device and an intelligent digital guiding tool, that maintains both manual and computerized control. We demonstrate our custom designed hardware and numerous algorithms that control it through hands-on usage examples of a human-computer collaborative of a physical painting effort.
Improving Supervised Bilingual Mapping of Word Embeddings. (2018)

Continuous word representations, learned on different languages, can be aligned with remarkable precision. Using a small bilingual lexicon as training data, learning the linear transformation is often formulated as a regression problem using the square loss. The obtained mapping is known to suffer from the hubness problem, when used for retrieval tasks (e.g. for word translation). To address this issue, we propose to use a retrieval criterion instead of the square loss for learning the mapping. We evaluate our method on word translation, showing that our loss function leads to state-of-the-art results, with the biggest improvements observed for distant language pairs such as English-Chinese.
How nuclear receptors tell time (2009)

Most organisms adapt their behavior and physiology to the daily changes in their environment through internal ( approximately 24 h) circadian clocks. In mammals, this time-keeping system is organized hierarchically, with a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus that is reset by light, and that, in turn, coordinates the oscillation of local clocks found in all cells. Central and peripheral clocks control, in a highly tissue-specific manner, hundreds of target genes, resulting in the circadian regulation of most physiological processes. A great deal of knowledge has accumulated during the last decade regarding the molecular basis of mammalian circadian clocks. These studies have collectively demonstrated how a set of clock genes and their protein products interact together in complex feedback transcriptional/translational loops to generate 24-h oscillations at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels. In recent years, a number of nuclear receptors (NRs) have been implicated as important regulators of the mammalian clock mechanism. REV-ERB and retinoid-related orphan receptor NRs regulate directly the core feedback loop and increase its robustness. The glucocorticoid receptor mediates the synchronizing effect of glucocorticoid hormones on peripheral clocks. Other NR family members, including the orphan NR EAR2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-alpha/gamma, estrogen receptor-alpha, and retinoic acid receptors, are also linked to the clockwork mechanism. These findings together establish nuclear hormone receptor signaling as an integral part of the circadian timing system.
Joint Video and Text Parsing for Understanding Events and Answering Queries (2013)

We propose a framework for parsing video and text jointly for understanding events and answering user queries. Our framework produces a parse graph that represents the compositional structures of spatial information (objects and scenes), temporal information (actions and events) and causal information (causalities between events and fluents) in the video and text. The knowledge representation of our framework is based on a spatial-temporal-causal And-Or graph (S/T/C-AOG), which jointly models possible hierarchical compositions of objects, scenes and events as well as their interactions and mutual contexts, and specifies the prior probabilistic distribution of the parse graphs. We present a probabilistic generative model for joint parsing that captures the relations between the input video/text, their corresponding parse graphs and the joint parse graph. Based on the probabilistic model, we propose a joint parsing system consisting of three modules: video parsing, text parsing and joint inference. Video parsing and text parsing produce two parse graphs from the input video and text respectively. The joint inference module produces a joint parse graph by performing matching, deduction and revision on the video and text parse graphs. The proposed framework has the following objectives: Firstly, we aim at deep semantic parsing of video and text that goes beyond the traditional bag-of-words approaches; Secondly, we perform parsing and reasoning across the spatial, temporal and causal dimensions based on the joint S/T/C-AOG representation; Thirdly, we show that deep joint parsing facilitates subsequent applications such as generating narrative text descriptions and answering queries in the forms of who, what, when, where and why. We empirically evaluated our system based on comparison against ground-truth as well as accuracy of query answering and obtained satisfactory results.
Data security in multi-tenant environments in the cloud (2012)

While cloud computing is widely used in consumer applications, business and enterprise customers remain hesitant. The most commonly cited issues preventing the adoption of cloud computing are reliability, security and privacy. Enterprise Software as a Service solutions offered in the cloud consist of many distinct components that are integrated into a solution which is consumed by the customer. Single components are connected and form a complex solution by communicating and complementing their services. This communication is often not properly secured because components were developed for non-cloud scenarios where inter process and component communication security requirements are less stringent. Preventing unauthorized access by users, processes or components is a basic requirement for any solution. Especially in a cloud context the integration of not or lesser trusted components might be required but a trustable solution is still expected. As a first line of defense, access to systems and services is secured by authentication mechanisms. This requires a system to validate user credentials as well as provide proof of its identity to the user. The individual components comprising a cloud service need to authenticate each other as well in order to prevent unauthorized access by compromised components or systems. Securing this communication by authentication requires the individual components to have access to certain keys. While authentication is used to secure services against unauthorized access, encryption can often be employed to secure data for transport or storage. In both cases similar problems are faced. When using keys for encryption and authentication the security of the system relies on securely managing the keys. This thesis will investigate technology options for authentication, encryption and key management in a cloud based Software as a Service solution exemplified by the IBM SmartCloud Archive.
Probabilistic characterization and synthesis of complex driven systems (2000)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2000.
Artificial Reef Research in Broward County 1993-2000: A Summary Report (2000)

Broward County Department of Planning and Environmental Protection (DPEP) and Nova Southeastern University (NSU) have been collaborating on artificial reef research for the past seven years. This paper gives a brief overview of ten completed studies from 1993-2000. These studies entailed approximately 1000 hours of artificial reef construction, 2000 hours of SCUBA diving, 1300 hours of boat time and 1000 hours of data analysis. A detailed discussion of the results has been, or will be, published elsewhere (Gilliam et al., 1995; Sherman et al., 1999; Gilliam, 1999; Sherman, 2000; Sherman et al., in press a, b). In addition, detailed reports of the individual studies are available from DPEP (Spieler, 1995a,b; 1998a,b,c; 2000).
Recommender Systems Based on Evolutionary Computing: A Survey (2017)

Data mining techniques and information personalization have made significant growth in the past decade. Enormous volume of data is generated every day. Recommender systems can help users to find their specific information in the extensive volume of information. Several techniques have been presented for development of Recommender System (RS). One of these techniques is the Evolutionary Computing (EC), which can optimize and improve RS in the various applications. This study investigates the number of publications, focusing on some aspects such as the recommendation techniques, the evaluation methods and the datasets which are used.
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL ATROPHY IN PATIENTS WITH EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION UNDERGOING ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY (2012)

Atrophy was frequently observed in patients with age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascular membranes undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer for Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Supportive Use of Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells (2007)

The preliminary results suggest that CAL is effective and safe for soft tissue augmentation and superior to conventional lipoinjection. Additional study is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this technique further.
Molecular Biology of the Growth Hormone-Prolactin Gene System (1995)

Both have assumed distinct physiological profiles. The expression of each depends on appropriate developmental differentiation of somatotrope and lactotrope cells in the anterior pituitary and of syncytiotrophoblasts in the placenta. Expression of these hormones is controlled primarily at the level of gene transcription. Alternative processing of the GH and Prl RNA transcripts increases the complexity of the encoded protein products. Physiological functions of GH and Prl depend on expression of appropriate cognate receptors on the surfaces of target tissues. The GH and Prl receptors are expressed in a wide range of tissues, and the transcripts are subject to alternative RNA processing. Naturally occurring mutations have been identified that interfere with differentiation of somatotropes and lactotropes that specifically block expression of the GH gene, or that block expression of fuctional GH receptors. The phenotype for Prl deficiency has not yet been described, although children deficient in Prl gene expression have been identified. Thus, the physiological, biochemical, and genetic studies on the GH and Prl gene system have generated an interlocking set of data that forms a firm foundation for future investigations and serves as a prototype for studies of related systems.
Studies on the Alkaloids of Rutaceous Plants. XII (1961)

In continuation of the previous work, bases contained in Xanthoxylum planispium SIEB. et ZUCC. (Rutaceae) (Japanese name “Fuyuzansho”) were examined and γ-fagarine (III) was newly isolated from its root. Terrestrial portion yielded manoflorine (IV) and xanthoplanine (XPQR-base I), The kind and content ratio of the bases contained in the root and terrestrial portion are listed in Table I.The new quaternary base, xanthoplanine, is an aporphine-type phenolic base represented by the empirical formula C16H10(OCH3)3(OH)(=N+(CH3)2). Examinations were also made on the reineckate and phenol methods for separation of water-soluble quaternary base and it was proved that the reineckate method is better in easily affording a base of high purity.
On ordered domains of integrity (1952)

In a recent paper,1 T. Szele proved that a division ring D is orderable if and only if the additive and multiplicative semigroup 5 generated by the nonzero squares of elements of D does not contain the zero element of D. The present paper extends this result to a domain