gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The iterated Kalman filter update as a Gauss-Newton method (1993)

It is shown that the iterated Kalman filter (IKF) update is an application of the Gauss-Newton method for approximating a maximum likelihood estimate. An example is presented in which the iterated Kalman filter update and maximum likelihood estimate show correct convergence behavior as the observation becomes more accurate, whereas the extended Kalman filter update does not.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wireless Fountain Coding with IEEE 802.11e Block ACK for Media Streaming in Wireline-cum-WiFi Networks: A Performance Study (2011)

We develop performance models for delay-sensitive uplink media streaming over a wireline-cum-WiFi network. Since the wireless channel is normally a bottleneck for such streaming, we modify the traditional 802.11e block acknowledgment (B-ACK) scheme to work with wireless fountain coding (WFC)-a packet-level coding scheme which codes packets in a similar manner to intrasession random network coding but delivers them in a manner similar to fountain coding. By using this modified B-ACK scheme, protocol complexity and wireless link-layer delay are potentially reduced. We analytically quantify this delay and use it to derive end-to-end packet loss/late probabilities when automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC) are jointly employed at the application-layer. We develop an integrated ns-3/EvalVid simulator to validate our models and compare them with the case when the traditional 802.11e B-ACK scheme is employed. Through simulations of video streaming, we observe that the modified B-ACK scheme does not always perform better than the traditional B-ACK scheme in terms of end-to-end packet loss/late probability and video distortion under certain conditions of the wireless channel. This observation leads us to propose a hybrid scheme that switches between the modified and traditional B-ACK strategies according to the conditions of the wireless channel and the number of packets to transmit in a block. Via simulations, we show the benefits of the hybrid scheme when compared to the traditional IEEE 802.11e B-ACK scheme under different network settings.
Phage-inactivating Effect of Riboflavin Phosphate and Flavin-adenine Dinucleotide (1985)

Journal Article Phage-inactivating Effect of Riboflavin Phosphate and Flavin-adenine Dinucleotide Get access Akira Murata, Akira Murata Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeru Sakai, Shigeru Sakai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kumio Oda, Kumio Oda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuo Oshima, Kazuo Oshima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fumio Kato Fumio Kato Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 6, 1 June 1985, Pages 1881–1883, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10866997 Published: 01 June 1985 Article history Received: 19 November 1984 Published: 01 June 1985
Inhibition of bradykinin B<sub>2</sub>receptor preserves microcirculation in experimental pancreatitis in rats (1998)

The effect of B2 receptor bradykinin antagonist icatibant on postcapillary leukostasis, microcirculatory stasis, and tissue necrosis was studied in acute pancreatitis. In rats, pancreatitis was induced by intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate (ST), intravenous caerulein and intraductal infusion of glucodeoxycholic acid (GDOC), or intravenous caerulein infusion alone. Intravital pancreatic microcirculation was observed. Icatibant or vehicle was given 30 min before induction of pancreatitis. In ST pancreatitis, the number of perfused capillaries increased in icatibant-pretreated rats (77% vs. 0% for controls, P < 0.001). Capillary flow was preserved in icatibant-treated rats; total stasis was observed in controls. Mean venular leukocyte adherence decreased in icatibant-treated rats (26% vs. 74% for controls, P < 0.001), and median histopathologic score was reduced (icatibant vs. controls, 5.0 vs. 12 points, respectively; P < 0.01). Kinase II inhibitor captopril or exogenous bradykinin in addition to an otherwise effective dosage of icatibant resulted in microcirculatory stasis, extensive venular leukocyte adherence, and severe histological damage. With a 100 times greater icatibant dosage, this adverse effect was compensated. The beneficial effects of icatibant were also observed in intermediate pancreatitis (caerulein + GDOC). In ST and intermediate pancreatitis, icatibant preserved microcirculation, reduced venular leukocyte adherence, and prevented pancreatic tissue damage. B2 receptor bradykinin-mediated postcapillary leukostasis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of severe forms of acute pancreatitis.
Lessons not learned: The use of force in ‘peace operations’ in the 1990s (2000)

The paper examines the assumptions, implicit and explicit, that have guided the use of force in support of humanitarian objectives in the 1990s. Drawing, in particular, on the cases of former Yugoslavia and Somalia, it questions some of the lessons that writers on «peace support operations» have drawn about the possibilities inherent in the «impartial» use of force.
Nonlinear analysis of a high-resolution optical wave-front control system (2002)

A class of feedback systems for high-resolution optical wave-front control (of adaptive optic wave-front distortion suppression) is modeled and analyzed. Under certain conditions, the nonlinear dynamical system models obtained are shown to be gradient systems, with energy functions that also serve as Lyapunov functions. The approach is applied to a problem of nonlinear control system design, and the analysis is also applicable to other problems involving high-resolution control of physical fields, particularly if the field sensing is performed optically.
Continuous second-harmonic generation of λ2572 Å using the argon II laser (1967)

Continuous second-harmonic generation of λ 2572 Å in KDP has been observed using the λ 5145 Å AII laser transition. Optimum phase matching between the harmonic and fundamental beams, normal to the optic axis, was obtained at -13.7°C. The dependence of harmonic power on crystal temperature and on the degree of focusing of the fundamental beam was measured and compared with the theory of Boyd and Kleinman. Calculations indicate that if the axial modes of the AII laser are AM phase locked, then ∼100 mW at λ 2572 Å can be obtained for ∼1.0 W at λ 5145 Å with crystal lengths of a few centimeters. Enhancements of average second-harmonic power of ∼30 have been observed resulting from phase locking of the modes.
Cloning of novel Wilms tumor gene (WT1) cDNAs; evidence for antisense transcription of WT1. (1994)

WT1 is a tumor suppressor gene that has been implicated in Wilms tumor, and is expressed in cells of mesodermal origin. The Wit-1 gene is located approximately 2 kb from the WT1 gene, and is expressed coordinately with WT1. WT1 and Wit-1 are bi-directionally transcribed from the same promoter region. We have screened a human fetal kidney cDNA library to identify novel WT1 cDNA clones. Here we report the cloning of cDNA clones which span part of intron 1 of WT1, exon 1, upstream sequences between WT1 and Wit-1 and part of the Wit-1 gene. Northern blot and RNAase protection analysis using subcloned fragments of the cDNAs corresponding to regions from within intron 1 of WT1 suggest that a 7-10 Kb RNA is expressed in human fetal kidney, which overlaps with WT1 and is transcribed in the same direction as Wit-1.
A novel electrophoretic variant of human apolipoprotein E. Identification and characterization of apolipoprotein E1. (1984)

A new apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotype has been demonstrated in a Finnish hypertriglyceridemic subject (R.M.). At the time of this study, R.M.'s plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were 1,021 and 230 mg/dl, respectively. The subject's apo E isoelectric focusing pattern was characterized by two major bands, one in the E3 position and the other in the E1 position. Normally the E1 position is occupied by sialylated derivatives of apo E4, E3, or E2. The E1 band of subject R.M. is not a sialylated form, however, because it was not affected by neuraminidase digestion. The identity of the E1 variant as a genetically determined structure was established by amino acid and partial sequence analyses, confirming that the variant is an example of a previously uncharacterized apo E phenotype, E3/1. Both cysteamine modification and amino acid analysis demonstrated that this variant contains two cysteine residues per mole. Sequence analysis of two cyanogen bromide fragments and one tryptic fragment of the apo E3/1 showed that it differs from E2(Arg158----Cys) at residue 127, where an aspartic acid residue is substituted for glycine. This single amino acid interchange is sufficient to account for the one-charge difference observed on isoelectric focusing gels between E2(Arg158----Cys) and the E1 variant. The variant has been designated E1 (Gly127----Asp, Arg158----Cys). When compared with apo E3, the E1 variant demonstrated reduced ability to compete with 125I-LDL for binding to LDL (apo B,E) receptors on cultured fibroblasts (approximately 4% of the amount of binding of apo E3). This defective binding is similar to that of E2-(Arg158----Cys). Therefore, the binding defect of the variant is probably due to the presence of cysteine at residue 158, rather than aspartic acid at residue 127. In contrast, the apo E3 isoform from this subject demonstrated normal binding activity, indicating that it has a normal structure. In family studies, the vertical transmission of the apo E1 variant has been established. It is not yet clear, however, if the hypertriglyceridemia observed in the proband is associated with the presence of the E1(Gly127----Asp, Arg158----Cys) variant.
Role of Body-Worn Movement Monitor Technology for Balance and Gait Rehabilitation (2014)

This perspective article will discuss the potential role of body-worn movement monitors for balance and gait assessment and treatment in rehabilitation. Recent advances in inexpensive, wireless sensor technology and smart devices are resulting in an explosion of miniature, portable sensors that can quickly and accurately quantify body motion. Practical and useful movement monitoring systems are now becoming available. It is critical that therapists understand the potential advantages and limitations of such emerging technology. One important advantage of obtaining objective measures of balance and gait from body-worn sensors is impairment-level metrics characterizing how and why functional performance of balance and gait activities are impaired. Therapy can then be focused on the specific physiological reasons for difficulty in walking or balancing during specific tasks. A second advantage of using technology to measure balance and gait behavior is the increased sensitivity of the balance and gait measures to document mild disability and change with rehabilitation. A third advantage of measuring movement, such as postural sway and gait characteristics, with body-worn sensors is the opportunity for immediate biofeedback provided to patients that can focus attention and enhance performance. In the future, body-worn sensors may allow therapists to perform telerehabilitation to monitor compliance with home exercise programs and the quality of their natural mobility in the community. Therapists need technological systems that are quick to use and provide actionable information and useful reports for their patients and referring physicians. Therapists should look for systems that provide measures that have been validated with respect to gold standard accuracy and to clinically relevant outcomes such as fall risk and severity of disability.
Smoke Detection in Video (2009)

In this paper, we propose a method for smoke detection in outdoor video sequences. We assume that the camera is mounted on a pan/tilt device.The proposed method is composed of three steps. The first step is to decide whether the camera is moving or not. While the camera is moving, we skip the ensuing steps. Otherwise, the second step is to detect the areas of change in the current input frame against the background image and to locate regions of interest (ROIs) by connected component analysis. The block-based approach is applied in both the first and second steps. In the final step, we decide whether the detected ROI is smoke by using the k-temporal information of its color and shape extracted from the ROI. We show the experimental results using in the forest surveillance videos.
A dynamic element matching scheme for quadrature sigma-delta modulators (2005)

A simple dynamic element matching (DEM) scheme minimizes the mirror in-band aliases caused by mismatch between the I and Q channel. Furthermore, the DEM scheme removes the alias of the mirror signal, but it generally introduces a self-image component. The self-image component can be eliminated in switched capacitor implementations. The extension of the technique to multibit converters is also illustrated and a new quadrature noise shaping algorithm is introduced. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is validated with behavioral simulations. For a second order quadrature ΣΔ modulator with a 3 bit quantizer and 1% coefficient mismatch, the DEM scheme can improve the signal to quantization noise ratio by as much as 40 dB.
A surveillance and safety system based on performance criteria and functional degradation for an autonomous vehicle (2012)

Autonomous driving in urban environments is potentially dangerous since a malfunction of vehicle guidance systems can lead to severe situations for passengers inside the autonomous vehicle and other road users. Therefore both, monitoring the current system operation state by a surveillance system, which is able to detect failures of software and hardware modules, and a safety system, which reacts on these failures immediately, is necessary. In this paper an approach based on performance criteria and functional degradation is proposed, which is used in the autonomous vehicle Leonie developed within the Stadtpilot project. The surveillance part of the system collects data from sensors, software modules, hardware, and the vehicle to combine this data with heuristics to performance criteria. Based on these criteria degradation actions are executed to keep the operation of Leonie in a safe state. The safety system can influence driving maneuvers like lane changes and turning maneuvers, modify driving parameters like maximum speed and safe time headway and even force driving maneuvers like emergency stops and controlled stops at the side of the road. Currently, the safety driver onboard of Leonie is the fallback solution in case of a system malfunction. Using the proposed safety system should reduce the number of situations where the safety driver has to take control over the vehicle though.
Review of Common Sequence Alignment Methods: Clues to Enhance Reliability (2003)

Today, in various aspects of molecular biology, sequence alignment has become an essential tool to study the structure-function relationships of proteins. With the impressive increase of the number of available sequences, alignments provide a substantial piece of information by way of various computational methods. These approaches have generally become a crucial tool to put forward working hypotheses for time-consuming bench work, as protein engineering and site directed mutagenesis. However alignment methods remain hugely perfectible. All methods are dramatically limited in the twilight zone, taking place around 25% of identity between pairs of sequences. More worrying is the very high rate of false positive results generated by most algorithms, depending of empirical parameters, and hard to validate by statistical criteria. After reviewing the main methods, this paper draws users attention to the fact that algorithm performance evaluations are entirely limited to alignment power (sensibility) evaluation. In reference to a given truth defined from alignment of know structures, the power is defined as the proportion of truth restored in the solution. The power may be overestimated by a lack of independent sets of poorly related sequences and its value depends entirely on the criterion used to define the truth. On the other hand, confidence (selectivity) represents the proportion of the solution that is true. Depending on the method and the parameters used, confidence may be much lower than power, and is usually never evaluated. For non-trivial alignments, when the power is high, confidence is low, which means that correctly aligned positions are embedded in large regions unduly aligned. One possible solution to these problems is to use consensus of several multiple alignment methods, which will increase the confidence of the results. The addition of external information, such as the prediction of the secondary structure and / or the prediction of solvent accessibility is also an other way that should increase the performance of existing multiple alignment methods. Keywords: sequence alignment, scoring matrix, twilight zone, alignment methods, matrices specificity
Adenosine triphosphate degradation in specific disease. (1985)

Two hypotheses concerning adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation are examined: The metabolic basis of specific disorders involves ATP degradation, and uric acid and its precursors are measurable body fluid markers of ATP degradation. These hypotheses are examined by discussing human models of ATP degradation, methods for measurement of ATP degradation, and disorders of ATP degradation.
Platelet Glycoprotein VI: A Novel Marker for Acute Coronary Syndrome (2007)

The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI is critical for the formation of arterial thrombosis. GPVI platelet surface expression was examined in patients with stable angina and in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Surface expression of platelet activation markers such as P-selectin, GPIbalpha, and platelet GPVI was determined by flow cytometry. Patients with ACS showed a significantly enhanced GPVI expression compared with patients with stable angina and healthy controls. The expression of GPVI correlated well with CD62P. Elevated platelet GPVI expression was associated with ACS independent of markers of myocardial necrosis such as troponin and creatine kinase. In ACS, platelet surface GPVI expression was already elevated several hours before troponin and creatine kinase indicated myocardial injury. We conclude that the determination of the platelet-specific thrombotic marker GPVI may help to identify patients at risk before myocardial ischemia is evident.
Armored MOFs: Enforcing Soft Microporous MOF Nanocrystals with Hard Mesoporous Silica (2014)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of fascinating supramolecular soft matters but with relatively weak mechanical strength. To enforce MOF materials for practical applications, one possible way seems to be transforming them into harder composites with a stronger secondary phase. Apparently, such a reinforcing phase must possess larger porosity for ionic or molecular species to travel into or out of MOFs without altering their pristine physicochemical properties. Herein we report a general synthetic approach to coat microporous MOFs and their derivatives with an enforcing shell of mesoporous silica (mSiO2). Four well-known MOFs (ZIF-8, ZIF-7, UiO-66, and HKUST-1), representing two important families of MOFs, have served as a core phase in nanocomposite products. We show that significant enhancement in mechanical properties (hardness and toughness) can indeed be achieved with this "armoring approach". Excellent accessibility of the mSiO2-wrapped MOFs and their metal-containing nanocomposites has also been demonstrated with catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Updating mixture of principal components for error concealment (2003)

We present a new statistical modeling technique called "updating mixture of principal components" (UMPC). UMPC specifically captures the non-stationary as well as the multi-modal characteristics of the data. Real-world data such as video data typically have these two characteristics. The video content changes over time and has a multi-modal probability distribution. We apply UMPC to perform error concealment for video data transmitted over networks with losses, and show that UMPC outperforms conventional error concealment methods.
Amplification and modelling of bioaffinity detection with terahertz spectroscopy (2002)

A new bioaffinity sensor based on pulsed terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is able to sensitively detect the presence of ultra-thin bound biomolecular layers. The protein avidin and lipid biotin are noted for their very high binding affinity, and the ease for which they can be attached to residues with importance in many biosensing applications. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the pulsed THz spectrometer to thin avidin layers and to avidin amplified with micron-sized agarose beads. The experimental results can be simply modelled by considering transmission of the THz radiation at the thin film interfaces. We detect less than 10.3 ng/cm<sup>2</sup> avidin, giving the THz system a detection capability of sub-thin solid films better than ellipsometry and reflectometry techniques.