gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of fiber-orientation distribution in fiber-reinforced composite injection molding by Taguchi, back propagation neural network, and genetic algorithm–particle swarm optimization (2017)

Fiber orientation induced by injection molding of short-fiber-reinforced composites causes anisotropy in material properties and produces warping. Fiber-orientation distribution is very important to research for mold design and quality to produce sound molded parts. In this study, three kinds of methods are used to solve the optimization problem. Fiber-orientation distribution is described by fiber-orientation tensor variation. The objective function is a minimum problem of the fiber-orientation tensor variation. Parameters such as fiber content, fiber aspect ratio, melting temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure, and filling time are considered as design variables. Based on orthogonal experiment design, Moldflow software is used in the fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite injection molding. The effects of process parameters for the plastic part are studied using the signal-to-noise ratio. The most important design parameter influencing fiber-orientation tensor variation is determined by finite element analysis results based on the analysis of variance. The optimization model is established on the basis of the back propagation neural network. The Taguchi, the particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm–particle swarm optimization hybrid algorithm are used to find the minimum fiber-orientation tensor variation value. Results show that the quality index of the fiber-orientation tensor variation in the part is improved.
Cost Analysis of Outpatient Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Autograft versus Allograft (2009)

Level II, economic and decision analyses. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Pt(ii)–Dip complex stabilizes parallel c-myc G-quadruplex (2013)

A new G-quadruplex (GQ) stabilizer, [Pt(Dip)2](PF6)2 (Dip: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), is prepared by the microwave irradiation method. The complex can highly stabilize G-quadruplex, but has negligible interactions with duplex DNA. Aromatic anchors on the polypyridyl ligands bestow the stabilizer with a high binding preference towards parallel GQ.
Fabrication of Integrated Vertical Mirror Surfaces and Transparent Window for Packaging MEMS Devices (2007)

A scheme for creating metal-coated vertical mirrors in silicon, along with an integrated transparent package lid for assembling, packaging, and testing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices is presented. Deep reaction ion etching (DRIE) method described here reduces the loading effect and maintains a uniform etch rate resulting in highly vertical structures. A novel self-masking lithography and liftoff process was developed to ensure that the vertical mirrors undergo uniform metallization while leaving a transparent window for optical probing. Front side of a Si wafer was shallow-etched using DRIE to define an eventual optical window. This surface was then anodically bonded to a Pyrex wafer. Backside Si was then patterned to define thin channels around the optical window. These channels were vertically etched using DRIE, after which the unattached portions of the window region were removed. Negative photoresist was spun on the remaining vertical structures and the stack was exposed from the Pyrex side using Si structures as a self-mask. Subsequent metal sputtering and liftoff results in the metallized top and mirror sidewalls while leaving a clear window. These integrated mirrors and lids are then bonded to the active MEMS mirrors. Various processes and results are illustrated with an example of packaged corner cube retroreflectors (CCRs)
Advanced Carbon for Flexible and Wearable Electronics (2018)

Flexible and wearable electronics are attracting wide attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Carbon materials have combined superiorities such as good electrical conductivity, intrinsic and structural flexibility, light weight, high chemical and thermal stability, ease of chemical functionalization, as well as potential mass production, enabling them to be promising candidate materials for flexible and wearable electronics. Consequently, great efforts are devoted to the controlled fabrication of carbon materials with rationally designed structures for applications in next-generation electronics. Herein, the latest advances in the rational design and controlled fabrication of carbon materials toward applications in flexible and wearable electronics are reviewed. Various carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, natural-biomaterial-derived carbon, etc.) with controlled micro/nanostructures and designed macroscopic morphologies for high-performance flexible electronics are introduced. The fabrication strategies, working mechanism, performance, and applications of carbon-based flexible devices are reviewed and discussed, including strain/pressure sensors, temperature/humidity sensors, electrochemical sensors, flexible conductive electrodes/wires, and flexible power devices. Furthermore, the integration of multiple devices toward multifunctional wearable systems is briefly reviewed. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in this field are summarized.
Design and Experimental Testing of a 1.9MWth Calcium Looping Pilot Plant (2014)

Calcium looping (CaL) CO2 capture process using calcium oxide as a regenerable solid sorbent has been under development at the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan for several years. At 2013, the 1.9MWth pilot plant has been fully constructed, and the trial runs have been progressed for almost one year. The CO2 was captured by CaO from the flue gas of the cement plant in a bubbling fluidized-bed carbonator while diesel oil oxy-combustion in the rotary kiln provides the heat required to regenerate the sorbent. The start-up progress of carbonator does not use pre-heating system, but take advantage of heat dissipated by the hot sorbent form the calciner. The flow rate of the flue gas from the stack of the cement plant was 3400 Nm3/h with the CO2 concentration higher than 15 vol%. The test results showed the CO2 capture efficiency higher than 85% for 7 hours and the CO2 concentration of the outlet gas was under 2%. The accumulated time of unit operation test in this pilot plant is more than 600 hours, and that for the fully-continuous looping test is more than 300 hours, respectively. The CO2 capture rate higher than 1 t/h was obtained, which reached the design point of this pilot plant. It is considered as an important milestone for the future construction of a 30 MWth demonstration plant.
(−)-15-Deoxyspergualin: A New and Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis Which Allows the Definitive Assignment of the Absolute Configuration (1998)

(±)-15-Deoxyspergualin (DSG) has recently been marketed in Japan for the control of corticoresistant acute renal graft rejection. A nine-step total synthesis of its eutomer ((−)-DSG) 2 has been developed starting from 7-bromoheptanenitrile 3 and N1,N4-bis(benzyloxycarbonyl)spermidine. The use of a chiral α-alkylbenzyl group to protect the hydroxyl of the α-hydroxyglycine moiety allowed its chromatographic resolution and afforded a practical access to 2 with a high optical purity and a 7% overall yield. Moreover, X-ray structure analysis of the key crystalline intermediate 7b definitely confirmed the previously proposed absolute configuration of 2.
Use of FTA Gene Guard Filter Paper for the Storage and Transportation of Tumor Cells for Molecular Testing (2002)

The DNA extracted from cells stored on FTA paper performed as well in the PCR as the freshly extracted DNA in nearly all cases (>95%). The results of tests for IgH gene rearrangements showed 100% concordance between the 2 methods of DNA extraction.Conclusion.-Cells from surgical specimens can be stored on FTA paper for extended lengths of time, and DNA can be extracted from these cells for PCR-based testing. FTA filter paper is a reliable medium for the storage and/or transport of tumor cells for PCR-based DNA analysis.
A Simple Method of Preparing Gelatin Capsules of Tetraiodophenolphthalein (1926)

Hardening gelatin capsules over formaldehyde vapor for a certain length of time and filling them with tetraiodophenolphthalein is a method which has been used for some time, but the following procedure is so quickly and easily done and the results so uniformly better than any obtained by me before that I conclude others will be interested in trying it. Size No.2 gelatin capsule is packed with 8 grains of the dye, dipped in a 10 per cent solution of formaldehyde and allowed to become nearly dry (sticky) by exposure to the air. It is then enclosed in a larger sized capsule, a No. 0. Glutoid, formed by the action of formaldehyde on gelatin, becomes very insoluble if allowed to dry, hence the reason for covering the partly dried capsule with a larger sized dry one. The dipping very effectually seals the capsule. The capsules should be freshly prepared and exposed to the light as little as possible. Dose 20 to 40 grains, depending on the weight of the patient. One capsule is taken every 15 minutes, starting at 6 P. M. the evening preceding the day the examination is to be made. The patient is instructed to take a light, nonprotein evening meal and drink plenty of water. Breakfast is omitted and plates are made at 15 and 18 hours after the ingestion of the dye. Following the 18-hour plate a meal, rich in fats, is taken, and plates made again in an hour or two to see if the gall bladder empties. If it is not empty or nearly so, the examination is continued at intervals until it is. This routine may be varied to suit the radiologistśs convenience. Giving a barium meal while the gall bladder is full of the dye, at times shows beautifully the relation of this viscus to the surrounding structures. I have carefully used “enteric” coated pills and capsules prepared by different commercial manufacturers, also tried having them put Up by local chemists, and with a certain degree of success, but the important advantages of the method described, as I see them, are as follows:
Ordered Mesoporous Materials in the Context of Drug Delivery Systems and Bone Tissue Engineering (2006)

Chemistry, materials science and medicine are research areas that converge in the field of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. This paper tries to introduce an example of such an interaction, aimed at solving health issues within the world of biomaterials. Ordered mesoporous materials can be loaded with different organic molecules that would be released afterwards, in a controlled fashion, inside a living body. These materials can also react with the body fluids giving rise to carbonated nanoapatite particles as the products of such a chemical interaction; these particles, equivalent to biological apatites, enable the regeneration of bone tissue.
The Influence of Motor Parameter Deviations in Feedforward Field Orientation Drive Systems (1985)

If the value of the time constant used in the slip calculator of a feedforward field orientation drive system deviates from the correct value, the decoupling of flux and torque is lost, and both steady-state and transient response is degraded. An analysis of detuned operation shows that the amount of performance degradation is strongly dependent on machine parameters. The large magnetizing inductance and low rotor resistance typically associated with larger, more efficient machines is shown to tend to amplify the effects of detuning compared to the relative insensitivity of small low-efficiency machines. It is also shown that for many applications the transient response effects of detuning can be handled by the outer control loops and that the major problem is maintaining the steady-state operating flux and current at reasonable levels.
Hotline sessions of the 30th European Congress of Cardiology (2008)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 69983.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
Polymerization of .beta.-lactones initiated by potassium solutions (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of .beta.-lactones initiated by potassium solutionsZbigniew Jedlinski, Piotr Kurcok, and Marek KowalczukCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 12, 2679–2683Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00154a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00154a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resolution of dynamic memory allocation and pointers for the behavioral synthesis form C (2000)

One of the greatest challenges in C/C++-based design methodology is to efficiently map C/C++ models into hardware. Many of the networking and multimedia applications implemented in hardware or mixed hardware/software systems are making use of complex data structures stored in one or multiple memories. As a result, many of the C/C++ features which were originally designed for software applications are now making their way into hardware. Such features include dynamic memory allocation and pointers used to manage data. We present a solution for efficiently mapping arbitrary C code with pointers and malloc/free into hardware. Our solution fits current memory management methodologies. It consists of instantiating a hardware allocator tailored to an application and a memory architecture. Our work also supports the resolution of pointers without restriction on the data structures. An implementation using the SUIF framework is presented, followed by some case studies such as the realization of a video filter.
Visible-Light-Responsive Azopolymers with Inhibited π–π Stacking Enable Fully Reversible Photopatterning (2016)

Photoswitchable polymers are promising candidates for information storage. However, two general problems for photoswitchable polymers used in rewritable optical storage are photobleaching and inefficient switching processes in solid state. To overcome both of these obstacles, we demonstrate the synthesis of a new visible-light-switchable azobenzene-containing polymer (azopolymer) with nonstackable azo chromophores for reversible and stable information storage. The new azopolymer (PmAzo) contains ortho-methoxy-substituted azobenzene (mAzo) groups on the polymer side chains and shows reversible trans-to-cis or cis-to-trans isomerization by using distinct wavelengths of visible light. PmAzo is better suited for reversible optical storage than conventional UV-responsive azopolymers because visible light avoids the photodamage caused by UV light. Additionally, mAzo groups do not π–π stack in solid state, making photopatterning of PmAzo fully reversible. Moreover, photoinduced patterns on PmAzo can be stored for more than half a year. These properties distinguish PmAzo as a promising candidate for rewritable and stable information storage.
Fitting the pieces together from the United Nations perspective (2004)

Water is now high on the political agenda; it is increasingly acknowledged as being the basis for sustainable development. The leaders of the world recognize the role of water in basic survival, for the sustainability of supporting ecosystems and for socioeconomic development. They have all shown their concern over dwindling supplies and the deterioration of water quality. One of the key issues identified is the increasing competition between uses and users of water, which has made it more urgent than ever before to act in unison so that water resources can be managed as wisely as possible. The importance of water has been recognized at many world fora including the recent World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg and the Third World Water Forum in Kyoto. In UNESCO, as in many other agencies within the UN system freshwater issues are clearly being given priority status.
La spesa pubblica per la cultura e la rilevanza del tempo (2003)

Cuts in public expenditures to meet Maastricht indicators are carriedout without much criterion in Europe. Merit goods, for example, are treated like any other item in public budgets: the reason is that the budgetary process is a short term proposition and thus expenditure on cultural goods is sacrified. On cultural goods, however, two concepts of time are involved. There is the time preference of individuals (their «impatience», due also to their limited life span), which implies that it is more valuable to acquire (or use) a cultural good now than at a later date, and the value of a cultural good is equal to the stream of future utilities obtainable from it, discounted at a positive rate. The problem with this notion of time is that it is common to all types of goods, while cultural goods must be preserved as time goes by. There is, in fact, a collective notion of time. Society lasts forever and it does not evaluate the future differently from the present. Thus, for cultural goods, the social discount rate, in principle, should be zero. On balance, it can be argued that the social discount rate applicable to public cultural investment should be considerably lower than the rate applicable to agriculture, industry or commercial services, and, logically, cuts in budgets should be smaller than for other items.
Decomposing a Polygon into Simpler Components (1985)

The problem of decomposing a polygon into simpler components is of interest in fields such as computational geometry, syntactic pattern recognition, and graphics. In this paper we consider decompositions which do not introduce Steiner points. The simpler components we consider are convex polygons, spiral polygons, star-shaped polygons and monotone polygons. We apply a technique for improving the efficiency of dynamic programming algorithms in order to achieve polynomial time algorithms for the problems of decomposing a simple polygon into the minimum number of each of the component types. Using the same technique we are able to exhibit polynomial time algorithms for the problems of decomposing a simple polygon into each of the component types while minimizing the length of the internal edges used to form the decomposition. When the polygons are allowed to contain holes many of the problems become NP-hard.
Synthesis of Phenalene and Acenaphthene Derivatives as New Conformationally Restricted Ligands for Melatonin Receptors (2000)

Conformationally restricted phenalene and acenaphthene derivatives 5 were synthesized from phenalen-1-one and acenaphthen-1-one derivatives using the Horner-Emmons reaction. The amines were prepared through the corresponding isocyanates by the Curtius reaction on the acids or by the reduction of the nitriles. Amido derivatives (R(3) = Me, Et, n-Pr, c-Pr) were prepared by acylation of the amines with the appropriate anhydrides or acid chlorides or by the reductive acylation of the nitriles. The affinities of the compounds for melatonin binding sites were evaluated in vitro in binding assays using chicken brain melatonin and the human mt(1) and MT(2) receptors expressed in HEK-293 cells. The functionality of the compounds was determined by the potency to lighten the skin of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Highly potent compounds were obtained. The data highlighted the role of the methoxy group located in the ortho position to the ethylamido chain as compounds with picomolar affinities such as 14c were obtained (chicken brain, hmt(1), hMT(2) K(i) values = 0.02, 0.008, 0.069 nM, respectively). Compound 14c was equipotent to the corresponding dimethoxy derivative 15c (chicken brain, hmt(1), hMT(2) K(i) values = 0.07, 0.016, 0.1 nM, respectively). On the other hand, the restricted conformation of the amido chain did not influence selectivity for the cloned hmt(1) and hMT(2) receptors. These compounds were also potent agonists of melanophore aggregation in X. laevis. 15a,c were several hundred fold more potent than melatonin (EC(50) = 0.025, 0.004 nM, respectively). Conformational studies indicated that the minimum energy folded conformation of the ethylamido chain could constitute the putative active form in the receptor site in agreement with previous results.
One‐ and Two‐Dimensionally Structured Polymer Networks in Liquid Crystals for Switchable Diffractive Optical Applications (2004)

Abstract We have created one‐ and two‐dimensionally structured polymer networks dispersed in a liquid‐crystal solvent using a holographic exposure technique. These structures have potential for electrically switchable, reverse‐mode, polarization selective and non‐selective diffractive optical elements. Using a simple phenomenological model to describe our diffraction measurements in conjunction with microscopic studies, we are able to estimate the structured polymer wall thickness as a function of monomer concentration.
Exposure to household furry pets influences the gut microbiota of infants at 3–4 months following various birth scenarios (2017)

The impact of pet ownership varies under different birth scenarios; however, in common, exposure to pets increased the abundance of two bacteria, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira, which have been negatively associated with childhood atopy and obesity.
Preparation and Photophysics of Strongly Luminescing Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>Quantum Dots (1996)

The wet chemical preparation, the electron microscopic characterization, and the temperature-dependent absorption as well as both the static and time-resolved fluorescence properties of Cd3P2 quantum dots are presented. The particles are strongly size quantized as seen from the 1.5 eV blue shift of the first electronic transition compared to the bulk bandgap of 0.5 eV. The particles emit close to the onset of absorption, exhibiting a quantum yield of 0.25 at room temperature. The luminescence decay has a multiexponential appearance at room temperature which transforms into two clearly distinguishable decay channels at low temperatures.
Rapid Whole Blood Bioassays Using Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (2010)

The proof-of-principle demonstration of rapid whole blood bioassays based on microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF) method using silver nanoparticle-deposited surfaces is presented. In this regard, spherical silver nanoparticles were deposited onto glass slides (silver nanoparticle films, SNFs) in a highly reproducible manner, which was assessed by optical absorption spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was employed to determine the size of the deposited silver nanoparticles. A model bioassay, based on the well-known interactions of biotinylated bovine serum albumin (b-BSA) and streptavidin was constructed on SNFs. The model bioassay was run at room temperature (metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF)-based bioassay without microwave heating) for 60 minutes and with microwave heating (MAMEF-based bioassay) for 1 minute. In contrast to MEF-based bioassays that only allowed the use of samples in buffer solution, MAMEF-based bioassays afforded the use of whole blood samples. A lower detection limit of 1 nM and 0.01 nM for b-BSA was determined in MEF-based and MAMEF-based bioassays, respectively.