gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SLURP‐2: A novel cholinergic signaling peptide in human mucocutaneous epithelium (2006)

The biologic role of novel cholinergic toxin-like signaling peptides termed SLURP (secreted mammalian Ly-6/uPAR-related protein) in the mucocutaneous epithelium is a subject of intense research. Previous studies demonstrated that SLURP-1 activates the alpha7 subtype of keratinocyte nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and facilitates keratinization and programmed cell death, and that the level of SLURP-2 was found to be upregulated several fold in the hyperproliferative skin of patients with psoriasis. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that human epidermal and oral keratinocytes secrete SLURP-2. We cloned human SLURP-2 and produced the mouse monoclonal antibody 341F10-1F12 that visualized SLURP-2 in the cytoplasm of normal human epidermal and oral keratinocytes grown in culture. In epidermis, SLURP-2 was found predominantly in the suprabasal compartment, whereas in the attached gingiva-in the lowermost epithelial layers. Recombinant SLURP-2 (rSLURP-2) competed with nicotinic radioligands for binding to keratinocytes, showing a higher affinity to the [3H]epibatidine- than [3H]nicotine-labeled sites. Treatment with rSLURP-2 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of keratinocytes in culture and their resistance to apoptosis, which could be abolished by mecamylamine more efficiently than alpha-bungarotoxin. By real-time PCR and in-cell western, rSLURP-2 significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated gene expression of the differentiation markers loricrin, filaggrin, and cytokeratins 1 and 10, and pro-apoptotic Bax, Bad, and caspase 3 which were elevated by high extracellular calcium, and rSLURP-2 also abolished activation of caspases 3 and 8 caused by camptothecin. These results indicated that SLURP-2 competes with acetylcholine predominantly at the alpha3 nAChR, and that receptor ligation with SLURP-2 delays keratinocyte differentiation and prevents apoptosis. Thus, the different effects observed for SLURP-1 and -2 can be explained by their differential binding to the nAChR subtypes expressed in keratinocytes. These findings present a novel paradigm of the physiologic regulation of mucocutaneous epithelial cells by locally produced small hormone-like peptide molecules, and open novel directions toward better understanding and treating of skin and mucosal diseases.
Interference by ascorbic acid in test systems involving peroxidase. II. Redox-coupled indicator systems. (1982)

Ascorbic acid hampers some test systems based on use of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and redox indicators, by producing a lag time in color development. With reversible indicators, no color development occurs during the ascorbic acid lag time. With oxidatively coupled indicator systems, such as 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and a suitable coupler such as chromotropic acid (CTA; 4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid), ascorbic acid diminishes the rate of color development, but does not abolish it. The effect of ascorbic acid strongly depends on the reaction pH as well as the nature of the coupler used. The ascorbate-elicited reduction (or lag) in color development was inversely proportional to the concentrations of MBTH and virtually unaffected by changes in CTA coupler concentration. The rate of color development following the lag was directly proportional to the concentration of MBTH but unaffected by the CTA. These observations suggest that peroxidase with H2O2 catalyzes the oxidation and activation of MBTH to an oxidized species (MBTHox). This species is reduced by ascorbic acid and at the same time couples oxidatively with CTA. Thus, the activity during the ascorbate-induced lag time reflects this competition of ascorbic acid and coupler for MBTHox. This study of peroxidase/ascorbate lag time with the redox coupled indicator system has led to the selection of fast couplers that are highly resistant to interference by ascorbic acid. Suitable resistant couplers (e.g., chromotropic acid, Chicago acid, and H acid) appear to be aromatic ring systems with highly activating substituents and directing toward electrophilic aromatic substitution at the ortho and para positions.
The Yins of T Cell Activation (2005)

Transcription factors activated in response to T cell receptor (TCR) signaling include nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family, which is highly phosphorylated and thereby maintained in the cytoplasm of resting T cells, the nuclear factor NF-kappaB, which is kept in the cytoplasm of resting cells through its association with the inhibitor protein IkappaB, and activating protein-1 (AP-1), which is only transcribed after TCR stimulation. Negative regulators of TCR signaling can be divided into two groups: Class 1 regulators help maintain the quiescent state of unstimulated T cells, whereas class 2 regulators are themselves transcriptionally induced in response to TCR signaling and serve to limit and terminate the activating signal. Class 1 regulators include the autoinhibitory domain of the phosphatase calcineurin; IkappaB and its transcriptional activators Foxj1 and Foxo3a; and various transcriptional coregulators that inhibit interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. Class 2 regulators include the calcipressins, which, like NFATp and NFAT4 are feedback inhibitors of calcineurin-NFAT signaling, IkappaB, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases, which inhibit MAPK signaling and thus the nuclear localization of AP-1 components.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxy Acids and Derivatives (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A New Tyrosine Phosphorylation Mechanism Involved in Signal Transduction in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2005)

A new kind of prokaryotic protein tyrosine kinase was recently discovered, utilizing a guanidino-phosphotransferase domain for its kinase activity. Guanidino kinase domains originate from eukaryotic phosphagen kinases, a family of phosphoryl transfer enzymes with no homology to the serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase superfamily. Nevertheless, this kinase, McsB, exhibits the main structural and functional properties of prokaryotic tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine phosphorylation in bacteria is predominantly described to be involved in the regulation of exopolysaccharide synthesis and is therefore required for biofilm formation and virulence. McsB on the other hand modulates together with its activator protein, McsA, the activity of the repressor of the class III heat shock genes in B. subtilis. The analogy of the kinase mechanism of McsB to tyrosine kinases implicates that tyrosine kinases may harbor various and independently evolved domains for ATP-binding/hydrolysis and the transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP onto tyrosine residues.
Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging of Onychomycosis (2004)

Although scanning electron microscope technology has been used for more than 60 years in many fields of medical research, no studies have focused on obtaining high-resolution microscopic images of onychomycosis of the toenail caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a geriatric population. To provide new insight into the intricate structure and behavior of chronic toenail onychomycosis, we produced three-dimensional images of onychomycosis obtained from two geriatric patients with confirmed growth of T rubrum. The photomicrographs illustrate the pervasive integration and penetration of the fungus hyphal elements, underscoring the clinical difficulty of obtaining rapid treatment of fungal infections in the distal and lateral subungual space of the human toenail. Although the scanning electron microscope may not be a practical diagnostic tool for most physicians, it remains invaluable for the researcher to obtain insight into the spatial orientation, behavior, and appearance of onychomycosis.
On shape similarity (2002)

An algorithm for the detection of 'perceptual similarity' among planar shapes is suggested. Current state-of-the-art matching algorithms deal mainly with shapes which are similar modulo a well defined geometric transformation. The goal of this paper is to suggest a similarity measure among shapes which 'look similar', such as different fonts of a letter or pictures of different 'perceptually similar' chairs. The essence of the authors' approach consists in the representation of the shapes as special weighted graphs, the vertices of which represent the 'lumps' of the shapes in a given orientation. Then, these graphs are gradually reduced by a 'small leaf' trimming procedure until the resulting graphs are isomorphic. A similarity measure is calculated based on this representation. Since the graphs are orientation dependent, the similarity measure is minimized over all orientations of one of the shapes. Experimental results of pairwise comparisons of a 24 shape database are presented.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass during Cardiac Surgery Modulates Systemic Inflammation by Affecting Different Steps of the Leukocyte Recruitment Cascade (2012)

These data suggest that CPB abrogates selectin-mediated slow leukocyte rolling by disturbing intracellular signaling, but that the clinically observed increased leukocyte recruitment caused by CPB is due to increased chemokine-induced arrest and transmigration. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms causing systemic inflammation after CPB may aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
α-SNS Produces the Slow TTX-Resistant Sodium Current in Large Cutaneous Afferent DRG Neurons (2000)

In this study, we used sensory neuron specific (SNS) sodium channel gene knockout (−/−) mice to ask whether SNS sodium channel produces the slow Na + current (“slow”) in large (>40 μm diam) cutaneous afferent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. SNS wild-type (+/+) mice were used as controls. Retrograde Fluoro-Gold labeling permitted the definitive identification of cutaneous afferent neurons. Prepulse inactivation was used to separate the fast and slow Na + currents. Fifty-two percent of the large cutaneous afferent neurons isolated from SNS (+/+) mice expressed only fast-inactivating Na + currents (“fast”), and 48% expressed both fast and slow Na + currents. The fast and slow current densities were 0.90 ± 0.12 and 0.39 ± 0.16 nA/pF, respectively. Fast Na + currents were blocked completely by 300 nM tetrodotoxin (TTX), while slow Na + currents were resistant to 300 nM TTX, confirming that the slow Na + currents observed in large cutaneous DRG neurons are TTX-resistant (TTX-R). Slow Na + currents could not be detected in large cutaneous afferent neurons from SNS (−/−) mice; these cells expressed only fast Na + current, and it was blocked by 300 nM TTX. The fast Na + current density in SNS (−/−) neurons was 1.47 ± 0.14 nA/pF, approximately 60% higher than the current density observed in SNS (+/+) mice ( P< 0.02). A low-voltage–activated TTX-R Na + current (“persistent”) observed in small C-type neurons is not present in large cutaneous afferent neurons from either SNS (+/+) or SNS (−/−) mice. These results show that the slow TTX-R Na + current in large cutaneous afferent DRG is produced by the SNS sodium channel.
Methods and algorithms for optical coherence tomography-based angiography: a review and comparison (2015)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based angiography is increasingly becoming a clinically useful and important imaging technique due to its ability to provide volumetric microvascular networks innervating tissue beds in vivo without a need for exogenous contrast agent. Numerous OCT angiography algorithms have recently been proposed for the purpose of contrasting microvascular networks. A general literature review is provided on the recent progress of OCT angiography methods and algorithms. The basic physics and mathematics behind each method together with its contrast mechanism are described. Potential directions for future technical development of OCT based angiography is then briefly discussed. Finally, by the use of clinical data captured from normal and pathological subjects, the imaging performance of vascular networks delivered by the most recently reported algorithms is evaluated and compared, including optical microangiography, speckle variance,phase variance, split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography, and correlation mapping. It is found that the method that utilizes complex OCT signal to contrast retinal blood flow delivers the best performance among all the algorithms in terms of image contrast and vessel connectivity. The purpose of this review is to help readers understand and select appropriate OCT angiography algorithm for use in specific applications.
FIRING CERAMIC WARE WITH GAS <sup>1</sup> (1928)

ABSTRACT The significance of the terms oxidizing and reducing kiln atmospheres to the ceramists and the gas engineer is discussed. The applications, advantages, and comparative costs of various fuels used in the ceramic field are considered.
The calcium sensor STIM1 is an essential mediator of arterial thrombosis and ischemic brain infarction (2008)

Platelet activation and aggregation are essential to limit posttraumatic blood loss at sites of vascular injury but also contributes to arterial thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Agonist-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) is a central step in platelet activation, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. A major pathway for Ca(2+) entry in nonexcitable cells involves receptor-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores, followed by activation of store-operated calcium (SOC) channels in the plasma membrane. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) has been identified as the Ca(2+) sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that activates Ca(2+) release-activated channels in T cells, but its role in mammalian physiology is unknown. Platelets express high levels of STIM1, but its exact function has been elusive, because these cells lack a normal ER and Ca(2+) is stored in a tubular system referred to as the sarcoplasmatic reticulum. We report that mice lacking STIM1 display early postnatal lethality and growth retardation. STIM1-deficient platelets have a marked defect in agonist-induced Ca(2+) responses, and impaired activation and thrombus formation under flow in vitro. Importantly, mice with STIM1-deficient platelets are significantly protected from arterial thrombosis and ischemic brain infarction but have only a mild bleeding time prolongation. These results establish STIM1 as an important mediator in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardio- and cerebrovascular events.
Adjuvant role of<i>Pseudomonas</i>flagellin for<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>biofilm associated protein (2016)

These results demonstrate that P. aeruginosa Flagellin as an adjuvant for Bap A. baumannii could be a useful model to evaluate new vaccine against A. baumannii.
Estimating Electromechanical Mode Shape From Synchrophasor Measurements (2008)

A theoretical basis and signal-processing approach for estimating a power system's electromechanical mode-shape properties using time-synchronized phasor measurements are presented. The relationship between modal eigenvectors and measurable power system quantities are derived. Spectral correlation analysis is used to implement the approach with demonstrative examples. This includes simulation examples as well as measured data from the western North American power system.
Lenalidomide Maintenance After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis (2017)

Purpose Lenalidomide maintenance therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo or observation in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). All studies had PFS as the primary end point, and none were powered for overall survival (OS) as a primary end point. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to better understand the impact of lenalidomide maintenance in this setting. Patients and Methods The meta-analysis was conducted using primary-source patient-level data and documentation from three RCTs (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 100104, Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto RV-MM-PI-209, and Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome 2005-02) that met the following prespecified inclusion criteria: an RCT in patients with NDMM receiving ASCT followed by lenalidomide maintenance versus placebo or observation with patient-level data available and achieved database lock for primary efficacy analysis. Results Overall, 1,208 patients were included in the meta-analysis (605 patients in the lenalidomide maintenance group and 603 in the placebo or observation group). The median PFS was 52.8 months for the lenalidomide group and 23.5 months for the placebo or observation group (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.55). At a median follow-up time of 79.5 months for all surviving patients, the median OS had not been reached for the lenalidomide maintenance group, whereas it was 86.0 months for the placebo or observation group (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.90; P = .001). The cumulative incidence rate of a second primary malignancy before disease progression was higher with lenalidomide maintenance versus placebo or observation, whereas the cumulative incidence rates of progression, death, or death as a result of myeloma were all higher with placebo or observation versus lenalidomide maintenance. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant OS benefit and confirms the PFS benefit with lenalidomide maintenance after ASCT in patients with NDMM when compared with placebo or observation.
Efficient clustering of face sequences with application to character-based movie browsing (2008)

Human face has emerged as a useful feature in recent advances in semantic-based video analysis. Due to the large variation of facial poses in videos, conventional face recognition methods for authentication and identification generally experience difficulties in this particular application domain. Based on the recently proposed affinity propagation algorithm, we present in this paper a new method to match and cluster human faces with large pose variations. We also devise a novel approach to exploring the storyline of character(s) of particular interest for efficient movie navigation and browsing. Experimental results are reported to show the efficacy of our method.
Vapor Pressure of Phosphoric Acids (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor Pressure of Phosphoric AcidsEarl H. Brown and Carlton D. WhittCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 3, 615–618Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50507a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50507a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1119Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Roles of Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin and Nueleoprotein in Protection: Analysis Using Vaccinia Virus Recombinants (1987)

Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing haemagglutinin (HA) or nucleoprotein (NP) from influenza virus A/PR/8/34 were used to investigate protective immunity in mice, with two protocols. Protection was assessed by mortality and morbidity rates and by lung virus titres after infection intranasally with A/PR/8/34. In the first protocol, mice immunized with vaccinia-HA recombinant virus and infected intranasally with A/PR/8/34 were almost totally protected, but mice immunized with vaccinia-NP virus were very poorly protected. In the second protocol, the recombinant viruses were used to stimulate in vitro T cells that are specific for HA and NP; both populations of T cells, when transferred to A/PR/8/34-infected mice, afforded good protection. The results indicate that an immune response specific for just HA provided protection that was almost indistinguishable from that provided by whole A/PR/8/34. On the other hand, immunization with vaccinia-NP provided poor protective immunity, despite the fact that transferred NP-specific T cells were very effective and vaccinia-NP immunization has previously been shown to stimulate cytotoxic T cells. These results demonstrate that a single viral antigen, delivered by live vaccinia virus, can provide effective protection, but that immunization for cross-protection against heterologous influenza virus remains elusive.
Cover feature - Technical challenges of protecting digital entertainment content (2003)

Ensuring viable economics for content providers and a compelling entertainment experience for consumers requires overcoming the technical challenges and limitations of content-protection mechanisms.
Knowledge based systems used in design for testability-an an overview (1989)

In choosing a design for testability technique for a given VLSI circuit the designer must match the attributes of the technique, that is, area overhead, pin out, fault coverage, etc., against the constraints of the design specification. In the selection process, a large number of trade-offs must be considered and since there is no unified theory about the integration of design for testability structures into a circuit a vast solution space must be explored for the optimal scheme. The characteristics of this type of problem, however, are well suited to a solution using expert system techniques. A brief description of some of the systems used to integrate DFT structures in a circuit is given. >
A 66-333-MHz 12-mW register-controlled DLL with a single delay line and adaptive-duty-cycle clock dividers for production DDR SDRAMs (2004)

The conventional register-controlled delay locked loop (RCDLL) with a single delay line requires a complex logic circuit following the phase comparator to prevent the false lock. A RCDLL with two delay lines was published to reduce the chip area and power consumption by comparing the frequency-divided slow signals. Further reductions of 20% in both chip area and power consumptions were achieved in the RCDLL proposed in this work by using a single delay line. The duty cycle of the clock divider output was adaptively changed between 25% and 50% according to the external clock frequency to minimize the number of delay elements and hence the jitter of DLL output clock. The adaptive-change of duty cycle reduced the peak-to-peak jitter of data output from 800 ps to 400 ps at the data rate of 266 Mb/s in the production 256-Mb DDR SDRAM. The worst-case power consumption and the chip size of the RCDLL chip fabricated by using a 0.15-/spl mu/m CMOS technology were measured to be 12-mW and 0.16-mm/sup 2/, respectively, at the data rate of 400 Mb/s and the supply voltage of 2.5 V.