gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEMA3A regulates developing sensory projections in the chicken spinal cord (2000)

The present study explores the role of SEMA3A (collapsin-1) in the temporal and spatial regulation of developing sensory projections in the chick spinal cord. During development, SEMA3A mRNA (SEMA3A) is first expressed throughout the spinal gray matter, but disappears from the dorsal region when small caliber (trkA+) sensory axon collaterals first grow into the dorsal horn. In explant cultures of spinal cord segments with attached sensory ganglia, the spatial extent of SEMA3A expression varied in different explants, but in each case the growth of trkA+ sensory collaterals was largely excluded from areas of SEMA3A expression. To test if SEMA3A had a direct effect on sensory axon growth, we injected recombinant protein into the explants before placing them in culture. Increased levels of SEMA3A substantially reduced the ingrowth of trkA+ axons, whereas trkC+ axon collaterals were not affected. Consistent with the insensitivity of trkC+ collaterals to SEMA3A, these collaterals did not express neuropilin-1, a receptor for SEMA3A. The inhibitory effects of SEMA3A on trkA+ axons within the spinal cord suggests that the fall in SEMA3A expression in the dorsal horn may contribute to the initiation of growth of these axons into gray matter. In addition, the observation that trkA+ axons frequently grew close to but rarely over areas of SEMA3A expression suggests that semaphorin may act principally as a short-range guidance cue within the spinal cord. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 45: 227–236, 2000
New concepts for the design of carry lookahead adders (2002)

Several new concepts for the design of carry lookahead adders (CLA), using dynamic logic, are introduced. Using an enhanced multiple output domino logic (EMODL), sums of several consecutive bits can be built in one tree, with a single carry-in. Based on this result, the fully carry chain, which contains carries for all bit positions and is required by conventional CLA algorithms, can be reduced to a sparse carry chain which contains carries for only a few bit positions. Conventional bit level generates and propagates are not necessary for the new architecture, and thus the preliminary stage, required by any existing CLA adder and generating bit level generates and propagates for all bit positions, can be eliminated. Using an example of a 32-bit adder, it is shown that only four carries, i.e., c/sub 4/, c/sub 8/, c/sub 12/, and c/sub 16/, are sufficient for generating all sums in the last stage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Switching from enoxaparin to dabigatran etexilate: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profile (2012)

Prior administration of enoxaparin did not meaningfully affect the PK or PD properties of dabigatran, and the switch from enoxaparin to dabigatran etexilate was well tolerated among the study subjects. These data support the safety of switching patients from enoxaparin to dabigatran etexilate.
Highly Stable and Efficient Catalyst with In Situ Exsolved Fe–Ni Alloy Nanospheres Socketed on an Oxygen Deficient Perovskite for Direct CO<sub>2</sub> Electrolysis (2016)

The massive emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), the major portion of greenhouse gases, has negatively affected our ecosystem. Developing new technologies to effectively reduce CO2 emission or convert CO2 to useful products has never been more imperative. In response to this challenge, we herein developed novel in situ exsolved Fe–Ni alloy nanospheres uniformly socketed on an oxygen-deficient perovskite [La(Sr)Fe(Ni)] as a highly stable and efficient catalyst for the effective conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) in a high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (HT-SOEC). The symmetry between the reduction and reoxidation cycles of this catalyst indicates its good redox reversibility. The cathodic reaction kinetics for CO2 electrolysis is significantly improved with a polarization resistance as low as 0.272 Ω cm2. In addition, a remarkably enhanced current density of 1.78 A cm–2, along with a high Faraday efficiency (∼98.8%), was achieved at 1.6 V and 850 °C. Moreover, the potentiostatic stability test of up to 100 h showed that the cell was stable without any noticeable coking in a CO2/CO (70:30) flow at an applied potential of 0.6 V (vs OCV) and 850 °C. The increased oxygen vacancies together with the in situ exsolved nanospheres on the perovskite backbone ensures sufficiently active sites and consequently improves the electrochemical performance for the efficient CO2 conversion. Therefore, this newly developed perovskite can be a promising cathode material for HT-SOEC. More generally, this study points to a new direction to develop highly efficient catalysts in the form of the perovskite oxides with perfectly in situ exsolved metal/bimetal nanospheres.
Benchmarking state-of-the-art classification algorithms for credit scoring (2003)

In this paper, we study the performance of various state-of-the-art classification algorithms applied to eight real-life credit scoring data sets. Some of the data sets originate from major Benelux and UK financial institutions. Different types of classifiers are evaluated and compared. Besides the well-known classification algorithms (eg logistic regression, discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbour, neural networks and decision trees), this study also investigates the suitability and performance of some recently proposed, advanced kernel-based classification algorithms such as support vector machines and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs). The performance is assessed using the classification accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Statistically significant performance differences are identified using the appropriate test statistics. It is found that both the LS-SVM and neural network classifiers yield a very good performance, but also simple classifiers such as logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis perform very well for credit scoring.
Ficolins: Complement-Activating Lectins Involved in Innate Immunity (2009)

Ficolins are a group of oligomeric lectins with subunits consisting of both collagen-like and fibrinogen-like domains. The majority of ficolins identified in vertebrates and invertebrates to date recognize N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). X-ray crystallographic analysis of human ficolins has shown that the fibrinogen-like domain binds to the N-acetylated moiety. Ficolins in serum are associated with MBL-associated serine protease (MASP). The ficolin-MASP complex binds directly to carbohydrates present on the surface of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through ficolin. Binding of the complex initiates complement activation via the lectin pathway, leading to generation of opsonic fragments of complement components, such as C3b, and to lysis of the bacteria by the membrane attack complex. Thus, serum ficolins play an important role in innate immunity.
The Progestin-Only-Pill (POP) is not a Niche Option: New Preclinical and Clinical Data about the Interrelations between Levonorgestrel-Dosage, Peripheral as well as Central Contraceptive Effects and Bleeding Behavior (2016)

In preclinical studies with levonorgestrel (LNG) in rabbits and rats, we found that the pre-ovulatory as well as the post-ovulatory administration show no or only limited contraceptive activity. Therefore, the design of a progestin-only-oral contraceptive (POP) only on the base of non-ovulatory effects must be leading to sub-optimal results. On the other hand, elevation the dose above the ovulation-inhibition level can cause bleeding disturbances. As a contribution for better clarifying these problems, a clinical proof-of-concept-study in a randomized, open-label, parallel group design was undertaken. The 20 volunteers included cyclic women that were divided in two groups. In group A (n = 10) the volunteers received daily 0.06 mg LNG over 56 days and in group B (n = 10) daily 0.09 mg LNG also over 56 days. The efficacy parameters were changes in progesterone plasma levels, urine pregnancy tests, behavior of cervical mucus, bleeding pattern and additionally evaluation of some parameters for safety and tolerability. The results show that in the 0.06 mg group 3 of 10 women ovulated (plasma progesterone-monitoring) whereas in the 0.09 mg group none of the volunteers ovulated during the 20 treatment cycles. In no case, the urine pregnancy tests were positive. The investigation of the cervical mucus show consistently a score 10, which was considered as poor or unfavourable for sperm penetration in either treatment arms. The bleeding pattern during the higher LNG-dosage treatment were better than in the lower dosage group (mean 1.6% bleeding days during 0.09 mg LNG vs. 3.6% in the 0.06 mg group). All the bleeding irregularities occurred only in the first month of treatment period. Tolerability and safety were satisfying in both groups. These promising results must be confirmed in a suitable larger clinical study.
Ebolavirus Requires Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity and Plasma Membrane Sphingomyelin for Infection (2012)

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) converts the lipid sphingomyelin (SM) to phosphocholine and ceramide and has optimum activity at acidic pH. Normally, ASMase is located in lysosomes and endosomes, but membrane damage or the interaction with some bacterial and viral pathogens can trigger its recruitment to the plasma membrane. Rhinovirus and measles viruses each require ASMase activity during early stages of infection. Both sphingomyelin and ceramide are important components of lipid rafts and are potent signaling molecules. Each plays roles in mediating macropinocytosis, which has been shown to be important for ebolavirus (EBOV) infection. Here, we investigated the role of ASMase and its substrate, SM, in EBOV infection. The work was performed at biosafety level 4 with wild-type virus with specificity and mechanistic analysis performed using virus pseudotypes and virus-like particles. We found that virus particles strongly associate with the SM-rich regions of the cell membrane and depletion of SM reduces EBOV infection. ASM-specific drugs and multiple small interfering RNAs strongly inhibit the infection by EBOV and EBOV glycoprotein pseudotyped viruses but not by the pseudotypes bearing the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. Interestingly, the binding of virus-like particles to cells is strongly associated with surface-localized ASMase as well as SM-enriched sites. Our work suggests that ASMase activity and SM presence are necessary for efficient infection of cells by EBOV. The inhibition of this pathway may provide new avenues for drug treatment.
Consumer exposure to biocides - identification of relevant sources and evaluation of possible health effects (2010)

Exposure to biocides from household products may contribute to induction of sensitization in the population. The use of biocides in consumer products should be carefully evaluated. Detailed risk assessments will become available within the framework of the EU Biocides Directive.
Relational database: a radiation therapy machine control software development tool (2003)

A relational database is being used to develop control software for a neutron radiation therapy system including a cyclotron and an isocentric treatment gantry. The control system entails over 1000 input and output signals. Signal descriptions and internal control system parameters are stored in a relational database. Database queries can generate design documents, answer ad-hoc inquiries about signals, and create machine-readable tables used by control-system computer programs. Engineering staff can reconfigure the control system by updating the database without modifying the control system executable software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Calcium, Sodium and Phosphorus Incorporated Carbon Films using Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (PIII&D) (2005)

Summary form only given. Doped with selected impurities has been shown to be an attractive approach to enhance the properties of amorphous carbon or diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for different application. The surface, mechanical, biological and other properties can be selectively enhanced. In this work, we fabricated calcium, sodium, and phosphorus doped carbon films and evaluated their surface properties. The samples were synthesized by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D) using a novel evaporation-based plasma source. The films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results demonstrate that the evaporation source is a viable means to fabricate DLC films doped with elements that are difficult to introduce by other methods and that doping DLC films with the proper elements can enhance the surface properties of the materials
A technology-independent CAD tool for ESD protection device extraction-ESDExtractor (2003)

The challenges for developing an ESD (electrostatic discharge) layout extractor originate from unconventional layout patterns of ESD protection devices, parasitic ESD device extraction and device count reduction. This paper reports a new technology-independent layout extractor, ESDExtractor, which is capable of extracting all types of ESD devices and answers the demands for ESD design verification. A general methodology to extract both intentional and parasitic ESD devices, specific algorithms and implementation methods for efficiency-enhancement are presented, followed by a design example.
IMPROVING THE NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF PLANTS TO ENHANCE HUMAN NUTRITION AND HEALTH (1999)

Plant foods contain almost all of the mineral and organic nutrients established as essential for human nutrition, as well as a number of unique organic phytochemicals that have been linked to the promotion of good health. Because the concentrations of many of these dietary constituents are often low in edible plant sources, research is under way to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms that contribute to their transport, synthesis and accumulation in plants. This knowledge can be used to develop strategies with which to manipulate crop plants, and thereby improve their nutritional quality. Improvement strategies will differ between various nutrients, but generalizations can be made for mineral or organic nutrients. This review focuses on the plant nutritional physiology and biochemistry of two essential human nutrients, iron and vitamin E, to provide examples of the type of information that is needed, and the strategies that can be used, to improve the mineral or organic nutrient composition of plants.
SHP-2 phosphatase contributes to KRAS-driven intestinal oncogenesis but prevents colitis-associated cancer development (2016)

A major risk factor of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) is the presence of chronic inflammation in the colon. In order to understand how inflammation contributes to CRC development, the present study focused on SHP-2, a tyrosine phosphatase encoded by PTPN11 gene in which polymorphisms have been shown to be markers of colitis susceptibility. Conversely, gain-of-function mutations in PTPN11 gene (E76 residue) have been found in certain sporadic CRC. Results shown herein demonstrate that SHP-2 expression was markedly increased in sporadic human adenomas but not in advanced colorectal tumors. SHP-2 silencing inhibited proliferative, invasive and tumoral properties of both intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) transformed by oncogenic KRAS and of human CRC cells. IEC-specific expression of a SHP-2E76K activated mutant in mice was not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis but markedly promoted tumor growth under the ApcMin/+ background. Conversely, mice with a conditional deletion of SHP-2 in IECs developed colitis-associated adenocarcinomas with age, associated with sustained activation of Wnt/β-catenin, NFκB and STAT3 signalings in the colonic mucosae. Moreover, SHP-2 epithelial deficiency considerably increased tumor load in ApcMin/+ mice, shifting tumor incidence toward the colon. Overall, these results reveal that SHP-2 can exert opposing functions in the large intestine: it can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis depending of the inflammatory context.
Role of the Haemophilus ducreyi Ton System in Internalization of Heme from Hemoglobin (2020)

By cloning into Escherichia coli and construction of isogenic mutants of Haemophilus ducreyi, we showed that the hemoglobin receptor (HgbA) is TonB dependent. An E. coli hemA tonB mutant expressing H. ducreyi hgbA grew on low levels of hemoglobin as a source of heme only when an intact H. ducreyi Ton system plasmid was present. In contrast, growth on heme by the E. coli hemA tonB mutant expressing hgbA was observed only at high concentrations of heme, was TonB independent, and demonstrated that H. ducreyi HgbA was not sufficient to function as a typical TonB-dependent heme receptor in E. coli. Allelic replacement of the wild-type H. ducreyi exbB, exbD, and tonB loci with the exbB, exbD, and tonB deletion resulted in an H. ducreyi isogenic mutant unable to utilize hemoglobin but able to utilize hemin at the same levels as the parent strain to fulfill its heme requirement. This finding confirms the TonB dependence of HgbA-mediated hemoglobin utilization and suggests that uptake of hemin in H. ducreyi is TonB independent. Additionally, the H. ducreyi Ton system mutant synthesized increased amounts of HgbA and other heme-regulated outer membrane proteins, consistent with derepression of these proteins due to lower intracellular heme and/or iron concentrations in the mutant. Sequencing of the Ton system genes revealed that the arrangement of the genes was exbB exbD tonB. The proximity and structure of these genes suggested that they are transcribed as an operon. This arrangement, as well as the DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of these H. ducreyi genes, was most similar to those from other pasteurellae.
Towards a Universal Text Classifier: Transfer Learning Using Encyclopedic Knowledge (2009)

Document classification is a key task for many text mining applications. However, traditional text classification requires labeled data to construct reliable and accurate classifiers. Unfortunately, labeled data are seldom available. In this work, we propose a universal text classifier, which does not require any labeled document. Our approach simulates the capability of people to classify documents based on background knowledge. As such, we build a classifier that can effectively group documents based on their content, under the guidance of few words describing the classes of interest. Background knowledge is modeled using encyclopedic knowledge, namely Wikipedia. The universal text classifier can also be used to perform document retrieval. In our experiments with real data we test the feasibility of our approach for both the classification and retrieval tasks.
Cdc42p GTPase is involved in controlling polarized cell growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (1994)

Cdc42p is a highly conserved low-molecular-weight GTPase that is involved in controlling cellular morphogenesis. We have isolated the Cdc42p homolog from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by its ability to complement the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc42-1ts mutation. S. pombe Cdc42p is 85% identical in predicted amino acid sequence to S. cerevisiae Cdc42p and 83% identical to the human Cdc42p homolog. The Cdc42p protein fractionates to both soluble and particulate fractions, suggesting that it exists in two cellular pools. We have disrupted the cdc42+ gene and shown that it is essential for growth. The cdc42 null phenotype is an arrest as small, round, dense cells. In addition, we have generated three site-specific mutations, G12V, Q61L, and D118A, in the Cdc42p GTP-binding domains that correspond to dominant-lethal mutations in S. cerevisiae CDC42. In contrast to the S. cerevisiae cdc42 mutations, the S. pombe cdc42 mutant alleles were not lethal when overexpressed. However, the cdc42 mutants did exhibit an abnormal morphological phenotype of large, misshapen cells, suggesting that S. pombe Cdc42p is involved in controlling polarized cell growth.
Homoleptische Carbenkomplexe, IV. Tetrakis(N-alkylimidazolin-2-yliden)palladium and -platin/Homoleptic Carbene Complexes, IV. Tetrakis(N-alkylimidazolin-2-ylidene)palladium and -platinum (1992)

Homoleptic complexes of palladium and platinum containing carbenoid imidazole ligands (1, 12-19 ) have been synthesized either directly from C2-lithiated N-methyl-imidazole and Pdl 2 or, indirectly (and more efficiently), from isocyanides and 2-am inoacetaldehyde diethylacetale in the presence of Pdl 2 , Ptl 2 or K 2 PtCl 4 via the respective “ open chain” diaminocarbenes 2-11. Selected IR , NMR ( 1 H , 13 C), and pos-FAB mass spectrometric data of the new compounds are reported. The X-ray structure analysis of tetrakis(N -methylimidazolin-2-ylidene)palladium-diiodide (lb ) reveals a geometry of the heterocyclic ligands which deviates considerably from the one expected for extensive 6π-electron delocalization across the ring.
Polar Code Construction for List Decoding (2017)

A heuristic construction of polar codes for successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding with a given list size is proposed to balance the trade-off between performance measured in frame error rate (FER) and decoding complexity. Furthermore, a construction based on dynamically frozen bits with constraints among the "low weight bits" (LWB) is presented. Simulation results show that the LWB-polar codes outperform the CRC-polar codes and the eBCH-polar codes under SCL decoding.
High-Performance Polymer-Based Monolithic Capillary Column (2006)

In this report, we introduce a new entry of high-performance polymer-based monolithic capillary column for mainly small molecules. This capillary column was prepared using a newly introduced epoxy monomer with diamines. Simply heat-induced polycondensation in an appropriate porogenic solvent afforded a really homogeneous co-continuous monolithic structure having submicrometer-size skeletons with micrometer-size through-pores. We were also able to prepare chiral monolithic columns using a chiral epoxy monomer as well as a chiral diamine. A 21.5-cm-long, 100-mum-i.d. column afforded up to 40 000 theoretical plate numbers (N) for alkylbenzenes in 60% aqueous acetonitrile as a reversed-phase-mode stationary phase. Due to a quite low column pressure drop, a 150-cm-long column was prepared. This long column afforded up to 200 000 plates for alkylbenzenes with only a 4-MPa column pressure drop. In contrast, in 100% acetonitrile, this column has "HILIC" property to show up to 60 000 plates for methanol with a 17.5-cm-long column. In this mode, we were able to separate nucleic acids. In addition, we have prepared a chiral column with both of the chiral epoxy monomers and an amine. This column was able to chirally discriminate a racemic alcohol in a reversed-phase mode.
Integration of RF sputtered ZnO film with MEMS based diaphragms (2007)

In the present work, we report a modified fabrication process to integrate the ZnO film with bulk-micromachined diaphragms. ZnO films are very sensitive to the chemicals used in the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication process which include acids, bases and etchants of different material layers (e.g. SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , chromium, gold etc.). A Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> layer is incorporated to protect the ZnO film from the etchants of chromium and gold used for patterning the electrodes. A mechanical jig is used for protecting the front side (ZnO film side) of the wafer from ethylenediamine pyrocatechol water (EPW) during the anisotropic etching of silicon.