gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Oil-Absorbent Fiber Absorb the Oil of Water (2011)

Experiment uses the Suspension Polymerization, under the dual oxidation-reduction system of H 2 O 2 -xanthate and H 2 O 2 -FeSO 4 initiating, the lipophilic- monomer of BMA is grafted on the frame of cotton fiber which prepares oil-absorbent fiber. It has studied the adsorption kinetics, adsorption transfer and isothermal absorption model of the oil-absorbent fiber for the oily wastewater under 25°C. The result shows that the adsorption kinetics of the oil-absorbent fiber for the oily wastewater accords with pseudo second order kinetic model, it could get that the initial swelling rate is increase with stirring speed increasing from fitting. Particles internal diffusion model analyzing shows that the diffusion rate of external diffusion and particles internal diffusion are similar, increasing the stirring speed could increase the internal diffusion rate and external diffusion rate. Increasing the stirring speed could increase capacity mass transfer rate and it benefits to absorb. The absorbing of oil-absorbent fiber for oily wastewater accords with Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal absorption model.
Guidance for the identification of polymers in multilayer films used in food contact materials: User guide of selected practices to determine the nature of layers (2016)

This guidance describes how to characterize the composition of a multilayer plastic film for food packaging, with respect to the consecutive order of the layers and their identity. It provides necessary background information on the general composition of multilayer plastic packaging and it illustrates in detail the separation of layers for some examples. It also provides in annexes additional information related to the use of a microtome and of optical microscopy using one common instrument for illustrative purposes.
Inheritance and linkage data for an unusual combination of genes (at the <i>LKE, PI</i> and <i>C6</i> loci) in a single large sibship (1988)

Analysis of the groups of a large sibship showed that the locus for the blood group LKE is not closely linked to the loci for MNS, Rh, HLA, Pi, Gm and C6 and is genetically independent of the loci for P1, K, Xg, Au, secretor, and C3. The locus for the Auberger (Au) blood group was shown to be genetically independent of the locus for the blood group Kell and of the loci for C3, C6, Gc, HLA, Pi and Gm groups.
Initial cloning and sequencing of hydHG, an operon homologous to ntrBC and regulating the labile hydrogenase activity in Escherichia coli K-12 (1989)

To isolate genes from Escherichia coli which regulate the labile hydrogenase activity, a plasmid library was used to transform hydL mutants lacking the labile hydrogenase. A single type of gene, designated hydG, was isolated. This gene also partially restored the hydrogenase activity in hydF mutants (which are defective in all hydrogenase isoenzymes), although the low hydrogenase 1 and 2 levels were not induced. Therefore, hydG apparently regulates, specifically, the labile hydrogenase activity. Restoration of this latter activity in hydF mutants was accompanied by a proportional increase of the H2 uptake activity, suggesting a functional relationship. H2:fumarate oxidoreductase activity was not restored in complemented hydL mutants. These latter strains may therefore lack, in addition to the labile hydrogenase, a second component (provisionally designated component R), possibly an electron carrier coupling H2 oxidation to the anerobic respiratory chain. Sequence analysis showed an open reading frame of 1,314 base pairs for hydG. It was preceded by a ribosome-binding site but apparently lacked a promoter. Minicell experiments revealed a single polypeptide of approximately 50 kilodaltons. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with a protein sequence data base revealed strong homology to NtrC from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a DNA-binding transcriptional activator. The 411 base pairs upstream from pHG40 contained a second open reading frame overlapping hydG by four bases. The deduced amino acid sequence showed considerable homology with the C-terminal part of NtrB. This sequence was therefore assumed to be part of a second gene, encoding the NtrB-like component, and was designated hydH. The labile hydrogenase activity in E. coli is apparently regulated by a multicomponent system analogous to the NtrB-NtrC system. This conclusion is in agreement with the results of Birkmann et al. (A. Birkmann, R. G. Sawers, and A. Böck, Mol. Gen. Genet. 210:535-542, 1987), who demonstrated ntrA dependence for the labile hydrogenase activity.
Synthesis, Structure, and Olefin Polymerization Catalytic Behavior of Aryl-Substituted Zirconocene Dichlorides (2004)

Standard ligand-substitution reactions afforded moderate yields of (PhC5H4)2ZrCl2 (1), (1,3-Ph2C5H3)CpZrCl2 (2), [1,3,-(C6F5)2C5H3]CpZrCl2 (5), and [1,2,4-(C6F5)2C5H3]CpZrCl2 (6). Crystal structures of 1, 2, 6, and [(C6F5)C5H4]2HfMe2 (7) were obtained. Physicochemical studies (CV, IR) show that C6F5 groups are strongly electron-withdrawing compared to phenyl groups. In ethylene-1-hexene copolymerization reactions using 1, 2, (C6F5C5H4)CpZrCl2 (3), (C6F5C5H4)2ZrCl2 (4), and 5 (toluene solution, methylalumoxane cocatalyst), C6F5 substituents decrease catalytic activity but increase comonomer incorporation compared to phenyl substituents.
Bruxism and its effect on the teeth (1977)

This study presents the progress of tooth wear and the change in structural morphology on individual teeth of bruxist subjects, compared with non-bruxers. From the results of this investigation it can be concluded that the tooth wear progressed faster in bruxers than in non-bruxers. Scanning electron microscope investigations revealed in 10 teeth the same pattern of deep grooves and striations on the wear-facets of active bruxers.
Constitutive Macropinocytosis in Oncogene-transformed Fibroblasts Depends on Sequential Permanent Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Phospholipase C (2000)

Macropinocytosis results from the closure of lamellipodia generated by membrane ruffling, thereby reflecting cortical actin dynamics. Both transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts by v-Src or K-Ras and stable transfection for expression of dominant-positive, wild-type phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunit p85 alpha constitutively led to stress fiber disruption, cortical actin recruitment, extensive ruffling, and macropinosome formation, as measured by a selective acceleration of fluid-phase endocytosis. These alterations closely correlated with activation of PI3K and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), as assayed by 3-phosphoinositide synthesis in situ and in vitro and inositol 1, 4,5 trisphosphate steady-state levels, respectively; they were abolished by stable transfection of v-Src-transformed cells for dominant-negative truncated p85 alpha expression and by pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K and PI-PLC, indicating a requirement for both enzymes. Whereas PI3K activation resisted PI-PLC inhibition, PI-PLC activation was abolished by a PI3K inhibitor and dominant-negative transfection, thus placing PI-PLC downstream of PI3K. Together, these data suggest that permanent sequential activation of both PI3K and PI-PLC is necessary for the dramatic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in oncogene-transformed fibroblasts, resulting in constitutive ruffling and macropinocytosis.
Outstanding and innovative reliability study of 3D TSV interposer and fine pitch solder micro-bumps (2012)

Silicon interposer minimizes CTE mismatch between the chip and copper filled TSV interposer resulting in high reliability micro bumps. Furthermore, providing high wiring density interconnections and improved electrical performance are the reasons TSV interposer has emerged as a good solution and getting too much industry attention. Several DOEs and design/material optimizations were performed in order to yield high aspect ratio void-free TSV copper via and reliable micro-bumps. Quality and reliability of copper TSV and micro-bumps are monitored in-situ during the process. This paper presents the reliability results as well as micro-bump resistance data. In addition, preconditioning, EM, u-HAST, HTS and thermal-cycling measurements are presented to insure reliability of the design and the material selected for the 28nm technology TSV interposer FPGA. Furthermore, this paper details the outstanding TSV Keep-Out-Zone study (KOZ) for an active silicon interposer and the effect of TSV stress on transistor electron and hole mobility. Finally, an advanced thermal study of TSV interposer technology is presented to cool down a high-performance 28nm logic die (thousands of micro-bumps) that is mounted on a large silicon interposer with Cu through silicon via. Several DOEs have been constructed to optimize thermal interface material selection, underfill material selection and to study the effect of high power and hot spots on underfill and solder bump material properties as well as the effect of bump pitch and underfill properties on the die junction temperatures.
The reduction of acetals with cobalt carbonyl catalysts (1976)

When heated with a dicobalt octacarbonyl (Co 2 (CO) 8 ) catalyst under synthesis gas, acetals of aromatic aldehydes (in contrast to aliphatic acetals) gave good yields of the products of reductive cleavage, but no products of hydroformylation. A mechanism is proposed to explain the products of cyclic acetals of benzaldehyde which yielded not only the expected hydroxy-ethers, but also considerable amounts of dibenzyl ethers. The room temperature reductive cleavage of aromatic acetals by pure HCo(CO) 4 in organic solvents indicates that HCo(CO) 4 might be the active species in the catalytic reductions. Since acetals of benzaldehyde para-substituted with electron-releasing groups cleaved faster than those substituted with electron-withdrawing groups, the mechanism probably involves a carbonium ion intermediate.The previously observed formation of dibenzyl ether during benzaldehyde reduction with cobalt carbonyl catalysts can now be explained via the reductive cleavage of hemiacetal or acetal intermediates.
Three Mile Island cleanup : experiences, waste disposal, and environmental impact (1982)

These papers were presented in a two-session symposium during the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1981 Summer National meeting in Detroit, Michigan, August 16-19, 1981. The cleanup activities described included the venting of the gases, mostly krypton-85, from the reactor containment building and several entries of personnel into the containment building to determine the physical conditions and the levels of radiation and radioactive contamination. Results of the latest process development tests of the flowsheet for the submerged Demineralizer Water Treatment System for decontaminating the water in the containment building were presented. The status of existing knowledge of radiation effects on ion exchange materials used in radioactive waste management were reviewed. A program to demonstrate incorporation of the loaded zeolite into a glass as a final waste form was also described. The generation, classification, treatment, and disposal of solid waste forms resulting from the cleanup were discussed with special consideration of the ion exchange media used for cleanup of liquids with relatively high radionuclide concentrations. The radiological, socioeconomic, and psychological impacts of the cleanup were evaluated. This work formed the basis for the recent issuance by the NRC of a programmatic environmental impact statement relative to decontamination and disposal of themore » radioactive wastes resulting from the accidents.« less
Spaceborne Weather Radar (1990)

The present work on the development status of spaceborne weather radar systems and services discusses radar instrument complementarities, the current forms of equations for the characterization of such aspects of weather radar performance as surface and mirror-image returns, polarimetry, and Doppler considerations, and such essential factors in spaceborne weather radar design as frequency selection, scanning modes, and the application of SAR to rain detection. Attention is then given to radar signal absorption by the various atmospheric gases, rain drop size distribution and wind velocity determinations, and the characteristics of clouds, as well as the range of available estimation methods for backscattering, single- and dual-wavelength attenuation, and polarimetric and climatological characteristics.
A New Flavin Enzyme Catalyzing the Reduction of Dihydrodipicolinate in Sporulating Bacillus subtilis1 (1975)

A dihydrodipicolinate reductase containing flavin was purified from sporulating Bacillus subtilis PCI 219. The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous by dise gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was estimated as 74,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and as 18,500 by electrophoresis on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamid gel. These results suggest that the enzyme is composed of four subunits. The prosthetic group was identified as FMN, and one mole of the enzyme contained two moles of FMN. Both NADPH and NADH acted as coenzyme, though NADH was less effective. The enzyme also exhibited diaphorase activity. The pH optimum was 6.1. The enzyme was inhibited by dipicolinate but not by lysine or alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelate.
Molecular and biochemical analysis of a 105 kDa Mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadhesin(GapA) (1998)

The identification of a gene (gapA) from Mycoplasma gallisepticum with homology to the P1 cytadherence gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is reported. The gapA gene is a 2895 bp ORF encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 105 kDa. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gapA gene revealed 45% homology to the M. pneumoniae P1 gene, 46% homology to the Mycoplasma genitalium MgPa gene and 47% homology to the Mycoplasma pirum P1-like protein gene. It has a 64 mol % A+T content compared to 46, 60 and 72 mol % respectively for the P1, MgPa and the P1-like protein genes. As with the P1 and MgPa genes, gapA is a central gene in a multi-gene operon, but unlike the P1 and MgPa genes, there is only a single copy of gapA in the genome. GapA is a trypsin-sensitive surface-exposed protein. Chicken tracheal-ring inhibition-of-attachment assays, using anti-GapA Fab fragments, resulted in 64% inhibition of attachment. These results indicated that GapA plays a role in cytadherence of M. gallisepticum to host cells.
Regional localization on the human X of DNA segments cloned from flow sorted chromosomes (1982)

Fluorescence activated sorting of chromosomes from 49,XXXXY human lymphoblasts has been used to obtain DNA enriched for the human X. This DNA was cloned in lambda phage Charon 21A to obtain a library of approximately 60,000 pfu. Phage inserts free of human highly repeated DNA sequences are localized to different regions of the human X by two independent hybridization analyses. The first utilized comparative hybridization to rodent-human hybrid cell DNA samples containing all or known portions of the human X, while the second was based on hybridization dosage to DNA samples from human cell lines differing in the number of X chromosomes or X chromosome segments. Of five unique sequence inserts tested, three were X chromosome specific and were localized to regions Xpter leads to Xcen, Xql leads to Xq22 and Xq24 leads to Xqter, respectively. The library presented here represents a highly enriched source of human X chromosome-specific DNA sequences.
Towards the convergence of interactive television and WWW (1999)

Watching the television has traditionally been a passive activity, where broadcasters provide a selection of programs and the viewer chooses a single program from that selection. In the past there was only a single television set in each house and viewing was often a family activity. The falling cost of sets coupled with greater affluence has led to an increase in the number of television sets within a household. One result of this has been a tendency to make viewing a more solitary occupation. Television has had to compete with other forms of home entertainment, notably personal computers and games consoles. The former offers access to the Internet as well as providing games, while the latter not only provides an alternative to viewing broadcast television, but may also use the TV set as its output device. With the arrival of digital broadcasting has also come the possibility of interactive television. Already, a number of countries have either introduced, or are currently in the process of introducing interactive services. These services are often similar to those available via the Internet and for some time it has been suggested that these are converging technologies. We look at the history of both interactive television and World Wide Web (WWW) technologies, draw a parallel between them and show how convergence is already taking place. Finally a number of possible models for future convergence are presented.
Effect of chitosan glutamate, carbomer 974P, and EDTA on the in vitro Caco-2 permeability and oral pharmacokinetic profile of acyclovir in rats (2009)

In conclusion, chitosan glutamate (1-3%) and chitosan glutamate (1%)/EDTA-Na2 (0.01%) are effective excipients to increase permeability of acyclovir across Caco-2 cell monolayers and the oral absorption in the rat in vivo.
INTRODUCTION (2013)

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Joint Transform Correlator Using a Phase Only Spatial Light Modulator (1990)

A Joint Transform Optical Correlator is described which uses a phase only spatial light modulator for input of the Joint Transform plane information into the second stage of the correlator. This, combined with suitable apodizing of the Joint Transform plane intensity distribution, brings several advantages including high optical efficiency, good signal-to-noise ratio, and the ability to correct system aberrations.
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN (1969)

When diphtheria toxin and NAD are added to soluble fractions containing aminoacyl transfer enzymes isolated from rabbit reticulocytes or from HeLa cells, free nicotinamide is released and, simultaneously, an inactive ADP ribose derivative of transferase II is formed. The reaction is reversible, and in the presence of excess nicotinamide, toxin catalyzes the restoration of aminoacyl transfer activity in intoxicated preparations. In living cultures of HeLa cells, the internal NAD concentration is sufficiently high to account for the rapid conversion, catalyzed by a few toxin molecules located in the cell membrane, of the entire cell content of free transferase II to its inactive ADP ribose derivative. Completely inactive ammonium sulfate fractions containing soluble proteins isolated from cells that have been exposed for several hours to excess toxin, can be reactivated to full aminoacyl transfer activity by addition of nicotinamide together with diphtheria toxin. Transferase II appears to be a highly specific substrate for the toxin-stimulated splitting of NAD and thus far no other protein acceptor for the ADP ribose moiety has been found.
A broadcasting enabled Residential Gateway for Next Generation Networks (2007)

To date, broadcasting traffic data represents a low percentage of the total traffic in the Internet when compared to other kinds of information. This may be caused by difficulties with multicast transmissions (i.e filtering by ISPs), low bandwidth rates in the last mile access, quality of service (QoS) and the use of Network Address Translation (NAT) boxes in SME's and home offices (SOHOs). Research efforts in Next Generation Networks (NGN) are under way to create networks with true triple-play capabilities to overcome these problems. Several standardisation bodies like ITU-T and ETSI have working groups aimed at developing a general NGN architecture able to transport any type of traffic with an associated QoS. There are several results available (for example, ETSI TISPAN has published its Release 1) but there is still on-going work on different subjects, such as broadcasting transport in NGNs, where ETSI TISPAN has approved the study of IPTV in NGN as a high priority issue. This article focuses on the problems and solutions of a flexible, easily upgradeable broadcast enabled RGW (Residential Gateway) designed to work in an NGN scenario where multicast traffic, NAT boxes and QoS must be taken into consideration.
Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection (2013)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has amplified the global burden of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where 82% of the world's TB/HIV coinfection exists. HIV infection significantly increases the risk of developing and dying from TB and was associated with 350,000 TB deaths in 2010. The diagnosis of HIV-associated TB is often challenging due to atypical clinical and radiographic manifestations, more frequent extrapulmonary disease, and higher rates of smear-negative pulmonary TB. Nucleic acid amplification tests, including the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA), improve our ability to rapidly diagnose both smear-negative and extrapulmonary TB. The standard 6-month anti-TB regimen is usually adequate for HIV coinfected persons, but intermittent dosing in the intensive phase should be avoided because of an increased risk of relapse with acquired rifamycin resistance. The comanagement of HIV and TB is challenging due to drug-drug interactions, overlapping drug toxicities, concerns about adherence, and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. However, the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the course of TB treatment is necessary to improve survival, and the appropriate timing of ART is dependent on the level of immune suppression. Therefore, the management of TB must be well coordinated with HIV resources, prepared to rapidly diagnose HIV, assess immune status, and correctly treat both infections.
RKD genes: a novel transcription factor family involved in the female gametophyte development of Arabidopsis and wheat (2008)

Im Gegensatz zu Tieren, besteht der Lebenszyklus einer Pflanze aus der Aufeinanderfolge einer Gameten-produzierenden gametophytischen und einer Sporen-produzierenden sporophytischen Generation. Der Gametophyt der Angiospermen besteht aus vier verschiedenen Zelltypen, einschließlich der zwei Gameten Eizelle und Zentralzelle, die sich nach der Befruchtung zum Embryo bzw. Endosperm entwickeln. Die molekularen Mechanismen der gametophytischen Zelldifferenzierung sind weitgehend unverstanden. Hier wird eine Klasse neuer, pflanzenspezifischer Transkriptionsfaktoren, die RKD-Faktoren von Weizen und Arabidopsis, beschrieben. Alle RKD-Faktoren haben ein hochkonserviertes RWP-RK-Motiv gemeinsam. Die RKD-Familie des Weizen besteht aus mindestens vier Genen (TaRKD1-4). Durch Einzelzell-RT-PCR werden RKD-Transkripte in der Eizelle, den Synergiden und der Zygote nachgewiesen. Im Arabidopsis-Genom werden fünf RKD-Gene gefunden. Die Transkripte der Gene AtRKD1-4 werden im Blütenknospen nachgewiesen, während AtRKD5 ubiquitär exprimiert wird. In situ-Hybridisierung sowie die Aktivität von Promotor-Reportergen-Konstrukten zeigen, dass die Gene AtRKD1 und AtRKD2 in dem aus Eizelle und Synergiden bestehenden Eiapparat exprimiert werden. Die ektopische Expression von AtRKD1 und AtRKD2 sowie den entsprechenden GFP-Fusionskonstrukten in sporophytischem Gewebe verursacht Zellproliferation sowie die Expression Eizell-spezifischer Markergene. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass RKD-Faktoren die Entwicklung sporophytischer Zellen zu Zellen mit Eizellidentität kontrollieren. RKD-Faktoren ähneln dem Faktor MINUS DOMINANCE (MID) der Grünalge Chlamydomonas. MID is notwendig und ausreichend für die Differenzierung von Gameten, was auf die hohe phylogenetische Konservierung der Funktion hinweist.