gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal profile and clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase and S100 in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (2009)

Background: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 protein are implicated in several brain injuries, including stroke. Our objective was to analyze the temporal profile and the clinical significance of NSE and S-100 in acute ischemic (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: We studied 224 patients with IS and 44 patients with ICH. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were performed to assess infarct volume. Stroke severity was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and functional outcome at 3 months with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Serum NSE and S100 protein were measured using an electrochemiluminescence-immunoassay. Results: Peak values were found at 72 h for NSE and at 24 h for S100 in IS. For ICH, peak values were found at 24 h for both NSE and S100. At these time intervals S100 and NSE correlated with the NIHSS score and were independently associated with poor outcome. Conclusions: High serum NSE and S100 are associated with poor outcome in IS, and high serum NSE is associated with poor outcome in ICH. These findings suggest the potential utility of NSE and S100 as prognostic markers for acute stroke. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1513–8.
<title>Adaptive quantization scheme for MPEG video coders based on HVS (Human Visual System)</title> (1996)

Effective quantization and rate control are very important issues in real time video compression in order to control picture quality and maintain target bit rate. MPEG-2 test model 5 (TM5) describes an adaptive quantization scheme that exploits human visual system properties to improve subjective quality. The TM5 algorithm, however produces blocking artifacts and distortion in edges on flat background in some pictures. Moreover, the TM5 quantization scheme can not effectively control the quality in predicted pictures, since the activity classification performed in the pixel domain is weakly correlated with the actual quantization performed in the transform domain. In this paper, we propose a new quantization scheme that addresses these deficiencies and also takes into account the variation in compaction property of the DCT kernel as this relates to orientation of edges and structures within a block. The proposed scheme involves a two step activity determination procedure. In the first step, activity is determined based on the actual block variance in the pixel domain and in the second step, a correction factor is applied depending upon the effectiveness of the DCT kernel in the transform domain. Our results show that the proposed scheme results in improved picture quality and better bit-distribution as compared to MPEG-2 TM5.
Partially Buried Microcolumns for Micro Gas Analyzers (2009)

This article demonstrates the feasibility of making a partially buried micro gas chromatography (micro-GC) column with a rounded channel wall profile, which enables coating the stationary phase more uniformly and shows better separation characteristics than a square deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) wall profile. A buried structure fabrication method was adapted to fabricate 34 cm long, 165 microm wide, and 65 microm deep partially buried microcolumns, which had a unique rounded microcolumn wall profile similar to that of a flattened circular tube. The separation characteristics were compared to that of a 34 cm long, 100 microm x 100 microm square DRIE microcolumn, which had a similar hydraulic diameter. Minimum height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) and reduced HETP of 0.39 mm and 6.02, respectively, with a retention factor of 6.3 were obtained on the coated partially buried microcolumn compared to 0.66 mm and 6.73, respectively, on the coated square DRIE microcolumn with a similar retention factor. The partially buried microcolumn was found to perform closer to the theoretical approximation and this could be attributed to the uniform phase deposition in the partially buried microcolumn compared to the square DRIE microcolumn. A 10 component mix was separated on the partially buried microcolumn in 3.8 s with the maximum peak width at half-height equal to 0.2 s, while a similar mix separated at higher pressure and temperature conditions on the square DRIE microcolumn in 4.6 s. The rounded corners allowed depositing thinner stationary phase, which was reflected in the faster elution of n-C(12) on the partially buried microcolumn compared to the square DRIE microcolumn. The better performance of the partially buried microcolumn may be attributed to either the rounded channel wall profile, the clean channel structures produced by the fabrication process, or the double-etched wall profile, which lowers the Taylor-Aris dispersion.
Effects of resistance training and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2019)

UMIN000028560; Post-results.
Derivative-free generation and interpolation of convex Pareto optimal IMRT plans (2006)

In inverse treatment planning for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), beamlet intensity levels in fluence maps of high-energy photon beams are optimized. Treatment plan evaluation criteria are used as objective functions to steer the optimization process. Fluence map optimization can be considered a multi-objective optimization problem, for which a set of Pareto optimal solutions exists: the Pareto efficient frontier (PEF). In this paper, a constrained optimization method is pursued to iteratively estimate the PEF up to some predefined error. We use the property that the PEF is convex for a convex optimization problem to construct piecewise-linear upper and lower bounds to approximate the PEF from a small initial set of Pareto optimal plans. A derivative-free Sandwich algorithm is presented in which these bounds are used with three strategies to determine the location of the next Pareto optimal solution such that the uncertainty in the estimated PEF is maximally reduced. We show that an intelligent initial solution for a new Pareto optimal plan can be obtained by interpolation of fluence maps from neighbouring Pareto optimal plans. The method has been applied to a simplified clinical test case using two convex objective functions to map the trade-off between tumour dose heterogeneity and critical organ sparing. All three strategies produce representative estimates of the PEF. The new algorithm is particularly suitable for dynamic generation of Pareto optimal plans in interactive treatment planning.
Rapid identification of homologous recombinants and determination of gene copy number with reference/query pyrosequencing (RQPS) (2009)

Manipulating the mouse genome is a widespread technology with important applications in many biological fields ranging from cancer research to developmental biology. Likewise, correlations between copy number variations (CNVs) and human diseases are emerging. We have developed the reference-query pyrosequencing (RQPS) method, which is based on quantitative pyrosequencing and uniquely designed probes containing single nucleotide variations (SNVs), to offer a simple and affordable genotyping solution capable of identifying homologous recombinants independent of the homology arm size, determining the micro-amplification status of endogenous human loci, and quantifying virus/transgene copy number in experimental or commercial species. In addition, we also present a simple pyrosequencing-based protocol that could be used for the enrichment of homologous recombinant embryonic stem (ES) cells.
Marginal Likelihood from the Gibbs Output (1995)

Abstract In the context of Bayes estimation via Gibbs sampling, with or without data augmentation, a simple approach is developed for computing the marginal density of the sample data (marginal likelihood) given parameter draws from the posterior distribution. Consequently, Bayes factors for model comparisons can be routinely computed as a by-product of the simulation. Hitherto, this calculation has proved extremely challenging. Our approach exploits the fact that the marginal density can be expressed as the prior times the likelihood function over the posterior density. This simple identity holds for any parameter value. An estimate of the posterior density is shown to be available if all complete conditional densities used in the Gibbs sampler have closed-form expressions. To improve accuracy, the posterior density is estimated at a high density point, and the numerical standard error of resulting estimate is derived. The ideas are applied to probit regression and finite mixture models.
Convex Programming Formulations for Rate Allocation in Video Coding (2006)

A rate control technique for video encoding under complex transmission scenarios is presented. A typical application for this method is the transmission of video over variable bit rate channels while accounting for restrictions on the end-to-end delay and decoder buffer size. That the resulting multiple constraints on the source and channel rates may be relaxed without loss of optimality into a set of linear inequality constraints-though they are usually expressed in nonlinear form-is a key insight of this paper. This allows for a systematic treatment of a large class of rate constraints and leads to a convex programming (CP) formulation for rate control. Approximation of the frame distortion-rate data by piecewise linear functions further facilitates an efficient solution based on linear programming (LP), a special case of CP. The LP method provides bounds for the deviation from optimality. Results for a standard video test set show that the proposed method provides solutions with mean square error (MSE) distortion value within 2% of the global minimum across a range of rates. The proposed technique is also applied in conjunction with a perceived distortion measure. Results exhibit significant reduction in blocking artifacts and flicker compared to the use of MSE
The essentials of woodworking : a textbook for schools (1908)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
Statistically optimal stacking of seismic data (1970)

Abstract A theory for weighting seismic records in the stacking process has been developed from a statistical seismic model. The model applies to common-depth-point seismic records which have been statically and dynamically corrected; the same model applies to an ordinary stacking procedure. The model stipulates for the signal and noise components, respectively, of a seismic record that (1) the signal is coincident with and similarly shaped to the signal on other records, and (2) the noise is statistically independent of that on any other record and of the signal and has zero mean value.In accord with the model, a seismic record is completely described for the purpose of weighting by its signal scale and its signal-to-noise energy ratio. Several statistical procedures for evaluating these parameters for seismic field data are presented. The most favorable procedure is demonstrated with both synthetic and field seismic records.
AFET: Automatic Fine-Grained Entity Typing by Hierarchical Partial-Label Embedding (2016)

Distant supervision has been widely used in current systems of fine-grained entity typing to automatically assign categories (entity types) to entity mentions. However, the types so obtained from knowledge bases are often incorrect for the entity mention's local context. This paper proposes a novel embedding method to separately model "clean" and "noisy" mentions, and incorporates the given type hierarchy to induce loss functions. We formulate a joint optimization problem to learn embeddings for mentions and typepaths, and develop an iterative algorithm to solve the problem. Experiments on three public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, with an average 15% improvement in accuracy over the next best compared method 1 .
Synthesis and properties of poly(butylene succinate): Efficiency of different transesterification catalysts (2011)

Abstract The efficiency of organometal‐ (Ti, Zr, Sn, Hf, and Bi) and metal oxide‐ (Ge and Sb) based catalysts was investigated during the transesterification step of the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). PBS was prepared from succinic acid and 1,4‐butanediol via a two‐stage melt polycondensation process. The catalytic efficiency of the organometal catalysts was as follows: Ti≫Zr∼ Sn>Hf>Sb>Bi. The germanium and antimony metal oxides displayed desirable catalytic efficiency when were associated with hydroxy acids (lactic acid or glycolic acid), which acted as chelating agents. However, this catalytic system exhibited lower efficiency compared to the titanium system. Furthermore, at high concentrations of hydroxy acids the overall transesterification rate decreased. This effect can be explained by the substitution of PBS hydroxyl end groups by a lactic or glycolic unit, both of which are less reactive during the transesterification reaction. The role of catalytic residues during the storage and processing of PBS was also studied. The reduced viscosity of the PBS samples did not vary when processing at 190 °C from 1 to 10 minutes. However, when stored under ambient conditions, all PBS samples were prone to significant hydrolytic degradation, especially those containing a titanium catalyst. This behavior indicates that zirconium‐ and germanium‐based catalysts could be interesting substitutes for titanium‐based catalysts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Progressive cranial polyneuropathy caused by primary central nervous system melanoma. (1990)

Primary malignant melanoma of the central nervous system (CNS) is exceedingly rare. The earliest description by Virchow in 1859 has been followed by approximately 50 autopsy-proven cases reported in the literature. These tumors are considered to arise from leptomeningeal melanocytes whose embryonic origin is neural crest tissue. Given the rarity of primary CNS melanoma, the diagnosis requires a thorough search to exclude a dermatologic, ocular, or visceral site of tumor origin. We report an unusual case of primary CNS melanoma in a patient with painful, progressive cranial polyneuropathy that eluded antemortem diagnosis despite extensive clinical, radiographical, and laboratory investigations.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties of Two Nanosized Ln<sub>26</sub>@CO<sub>3</sub> (Ln=Dy and Tb) Cluster‐Based Lanthanide–Transition‐Metal–Organic Frameworks (Ln MOFs) (2014)

Two Ln26 @CO3 (Ln=Dy and Tb) cluster-based lanthanide-transition-metal-organic frameworks (Ln MOFs) formulated as [Dy26 Cu3 (Nic)24 (CH3 COO)8 (CO3 )11 (OH)26 (H2 O)14 ]Cl ⋅3 H2 O (1; HNic=nicotinic acid) and [Tb26 NaAg3 (Nic)27 (CH3 COO)6 (CO3 )11 (OH)26 Cl(H2 O)15 ]⋅7.5 H2 O (2) have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, and single X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc with a=35.775(12) Å, b=33.346(11) Å, c=24.424(8) Å, β=93.993(5)°, V=29065(16) Å(3) , whereas 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with a=20.4929(19) Å, b=24.671(2) Å, c=29.727(3) Å, α=81.9990(10)°, β=88.0830(10)°, γ=89.9940(10)°, V=14875(2) Å(3) . Structural analysis indicates the framework of 1 is a 3D perovskite-like structure constructed out of CO3 @Dy26 building units and Cu(+) centers by means of nicotinic acid ligand bridging. In 2, however, nanosized CO3 @Tb26 units and [Ag3 Cl](2+) centers are connected by Nic(-) bridges to give rise to a 2D structure. It is worth mentioning that this kind of 4d-4f cluster-based MOF is quite rare as most of the reported analogous compounds are 3d-4f ones. Additionally, the solid-state emission spectra of pure compound 2 at room temperature suggest an efficient energy transfer from the ligand Nic(-) to Tb(3+) ions, which we called the "antenna effect". Compound 2 shows a good two-photon absorption (TPA) with a TPA coefficient of 0.06947 cm GM(-1) (1 GM=10(-50) cm(4) s photon(-1) ), which indicates that compound 2 might be a good choice for third-order nonlinear optical materials.
Differential processing of ultrashort optical pulsesusing arrayed-waveguide grating with phase-only filter (1998)

Differential processing of ultrashort pulses by all-optical time-space-conversion using an arrayed-waveguide grating with a phase-only filter placed along its frequency plane is demonstrated. The experimental results are well-supported by simulations and confirm the feasibility of the process.
Enhanced thermostability of methyl parathion hydrolase from <i>Ochrobactrum</i> sp. M231 by rational engineering of a glycine to proline mutation (2010)

Protein thermostability can be increased by some glycine to proline mutations in a target protein. However, not all glycine to proline mutations can improve protein thermostability, and this method is suitable only at carefully selected mutation sites that can accommodate structural stabilization. In this study, homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were used to select appropriate glycine to proline mutations to improve protein thermostability, and the effect of the selected mutations was proved by the experiments. The structure of methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) from Ochrobactrum sp. M231 (Ochr-MPH) was constructed by homology modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the modeled structure. A profile of the root mean square fluctuations of Ochr-MPH was calculated at the nanosecond timescale, and an eight-amino acid loop region (residues 186-193) was identified as having high conformational fluctuation. The two glycines nearest to this region were selected as mutation targets that might affect protein flexibility in the vicinity. The structures and conformational fluctuations of two single mutants (G194P and G198P) and one double mutant (G194P/G198P) were modeled and analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. The results predicted that the mutant G194P had the decreased conformational fluctuation in the loop region and might increase the thermostability of Ochr-MPH. The thermostability and kinetic behavior of the wild-type and three mutant enzymes were measured. The results were consistent with the computational predictions, and the mutant G194P was found to have higher thermostability than the wild-type enzyme.
Computer Management Concepts for Student Engineering (1985)

This paper presents many of the principles and concepts being taught to engineers of the future concerning their use of computer related activities. For example, from the cost/risk/benefit viewpoint, 'Security' may be an attitudinal problem in many instances. Limiting 'Quality Control' applications to measurement oriented functions might also be limiting the system's R. O. I. New 'softer' control applications are being developed which should improve utilization figures. Surveys show that best cost/benefit ratios are realized by companies who purchase complete, integrated (software/hardware) systems, with built in expandability to accommodate future uses. Best bottom-line price is obtained if the buyer works through a really independent consultant, with no ties to any supplier(s).
OXYGEN AND THE EYE. (1958)

Abstract : The current interest in biomedical research, calling for human beings to be subjected to prolonged exposure to high oxygen environments, requires careful consideration of the possible hazards involved. A review of the literature clearly indicates that oxygen is capable of producing severe systemic toxicity. In the 1950's it was found that prolonged exposure to oxygen was responsible for retrolental fibroplasia in premature infants. Consideration of the physiology of increased oxygen tensions of the eye shows that, as compared with other tissues, unusually high tensions may occur in the aqueous and vitreous. Experimental studies in many animals have revealed a variety of pathologic changes, some of which resemble those found in retrolental fibroplasia. Recent studies have found that these changes are not limited to immature animals.
A McLeod syndrome family and new novel XK gene mutation (2019)

Objective
To explore the clinical and genetic features of McLeod syndrome caused by XK gene mutation.


Methods
The clinical data of a patient who came from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in May 2017 and diagnosed as McLeod syndrome by gene detection were analyzed. Gene analysis was also carried out in his family to confirm the result.


Results
Acanthocytes in peripheral blood, systemic chorea symptom, and increased serum levels of creatine kinase were observed in this patient and his brother. The proband and his brother showed half mutations. One of the proband′s sister was homozygous normal. The proband′s mother, one of the proband′s sister and the proband′s daughter showed heterozygous mutations. The family analysis accorded with X-linked recessive inheritance trait. Genetic testing for mutations in the XK gene revealed a previously unreported hemizygous single base-pair frame shift deletion at exon 3 (c.1004G>A).


Conclusions
A rare phenotype of a patient with McLeod syndrome is first described in mainland of China which was discovered coincidentally during routine blood group testing and consecutively genetically confirmed. One novel mutation in XK gene was found in the patient. For old male patient with multiple system disorders including dyskinetic movement disorders, cardiopathy, acanthocytes and elevated serum creatine kinase, a genetic test for XK gene mutation is highly suggested to confirm the McLeod syndrome.


Key words: 
Chorea; Neuroacanthocytosis; Mutation; Pedigree; MeLeod syndrome
Developing functional musculoskeletal tissues through hypoxia and lysyl oxidase-induced collagen cross-linking (2014)

The inability to recapitulate native tissue biomechanics, especially tensile properties, hinders progress in regenerative medicine. To address this problem, strategies have focused on enhancing collagen production. However, manipulating collagen cross-links, ubiquitous throughout all tissues and conferring mechanical integrity, has been underinvestigated. A series of studies examined the effects of lysyl oxidase (LOX), the enzyme responsible for the formation of collagen cross-links. Hypoxia-induced endogenous LOX was applied in multiple musculoskeletal tissues (i.e., cartilage, meniscus, tendons, ligaments). Results of these studies showed that both native and engineered tissues are enhanced by invoking a mechanism of hypoxia-induced pyridinoline (PYR) cross-links via intermediaries like LOX. Hypoxia was shown to enhance PYR cross-linking 1.4- to 6.4-fold and, concomitantly, to increase the tensile properties of collagen-rich tissues 1.3- to 2.2-fold. Direct administration of exogenous LOX was applied in native cartilage and neocartilage generated using a scaffold-free, self-assembling process of primary chondrocytes. Exogenous LOX was found to enhance native tissue tensile properties 1.9-fold. LOX concentration- and time-dependent increases in PYR content (∼ 16-fold compared with controls) and tensile properties (approximately fivefold compared with controls) of neocartilage were also detected, resulting in properties on par with native tissue. Finally, in vivo subcutaneous implantation of LOX-treated neocartilage in nude mice promoted further maturation of the neotissue, enhancing tensile and PYR content approximately threefold and 14-fold, respectively, compared with in vitro controls. Collectively, these results provide the first report, to our knowledge, of endogenous (hypoxia-induced) and exogenous LOX applications for promoting collagen cross-linking and improving the tensile properties of a spectrum of native and engineered tissues both in vitro and in vivo.