gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ordered escape routing based on Boolean satisfiability (2008)

Routing for high-speed boards is largely a time-consuming manual task today. In this work we consider the ordered escape routing problem which is a key problem in board-level routing. All existing approaches to this problem cannot guarantee to find a routing solution even if one exists. We present an algorithm to exactly solve this problem based on Boolean satisfiability. Experimental results on escape routing problems from industry show that our algorithm performs well.
Eosinophilic oesophagitis: an enigmatic, emerging disease. (2009)

Eosinophilic oesophagitis is a disease that has emerged in recent years. It is often associated with dysphagia and oesophageal food impaction in adults. The disease is characterised by infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes into the oesophageal mucosa. This infiltrate may be responsible for the subtle peristaltic abnormalities that can be found in these patients. Endoscopic findings are usually absent or nonspecific, although a discrete circular ring pattern of the mucosa may be noticed. Occasionally, overt endoscopic abnormalities (such as exudative changes and shearing of the mucosa) can be found. The presence of at least 15 intraepithelial eosinophilic granulocytes per high-power field in random biopsies from the whole length of the oesophagus is considered to be diagnostic. Gastro-oesophageal reflux needs to be excluded as it may lead to eosinophilic infiltration as well. Adequate diagnosis is relevant for treatment and the prevention of unnecessary further investigations. The disease responds well to the ingestion of fluticasone propionate and its long-term prognosis is generally good. But when fluticasone is discontinued recurrent symptoms are common, and some cases are severe, needing treatment with systemic corticosteroids.
Citrate in urine determined with a new citrate lyase method (1995)

An enzyme-spectrophotometric method to determine citrate in biological fluids is proposed, based on citrate lyase-catalyzed and phenylhydrazine reactions. The enzyme converts citrate into oxaloacetate, which, in the presence of phenylhydrazine, is transformed into the corresponding phenylhydrazone. The ultraviolet-absorbing product is determined by absorbance measurement at 330 nm. The method is more precise and twice as sensitive as the traditional citrate lyase method and, because it does not require the use of additional enzymes and coenzymes, is cheaper and simpler. Mean analytical recovery of citrate averaged 100.7% +/- 2.2%, imprecision (CV) of the assay for citrate at 0.96 mmol/L (urine) was 2.0%, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.08 mmol/L. Results correlated well with those by both ion-chromatographic and traditional citrate lyase methods.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Planar Pulsating Heat Pipe Device (2006)

Heat pipes are widely used heat transfer devices in the electronic cooling area. In this paper, a novel pulsating heat pipe (PHP) design, which combines features of PHP and capillary microstructures, is presented to enhance heat transfer of electronic printed circuit boards (PCB). Test prototype fabrication is initiated by making dual-radius serpentine channels on a 4.0mm thick aluminum plate, followed by compressing 4.67mm diameter copper tube into the grooves, and completed by generating a millimeter sized liquid channel with micro-grooves in the PHP along the longitudinal direction. Because of this design, the planar PHP is able to circulate operating liquid by both capillary pump and oscillation motions, which eliminate the dry state in the evaporator section and supply sufficient coolant at high heat loads. Demonstrations of heat transfer performance indicate that the planar PHP has high effective thermal conductivity and low evaporator temperature fluctuations, and oscillation continuity is the key factor to reduce the temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser.
How I Met Joseph Furphy (1943)

The author recounts his own personal experiences of how he met Joseph Furphy. The author met Furphy when visiting his parents and has fond and treasured memories of the whole experience.
Voice processing in human and non-human primates (2006)

Humans share with non-human primates a number of voice perception abilities of crucial importance in social interactions, such as the ability to identify a conspecific individual from its vocalizations. Speech perception is likely to have evolved in our ancestors on the basis of pre-existing neural mechanisms involved in extracting behaviourally relevant information from conspecific vocalizations (CVs). Studying the neural bases of voice perception in primates thus not only has the potential to shed light on cerebral mechanisms that may be--unlike those involved in speech perception--directly homologous between species, but also has direct implications for our understanding of how speech appeared in humans. In this comparative review, we focus on behavioural and neurobiological evidence relative to two issues central to voice perception in human and non-human primates: (i) are CVs 'special', i.e. are they analysed using dedicated cerebral mechanisms not used for other sound categories, and (ii) to what extent and using what neural mechanisms do primates identify conspecific individuals from their vocalizations?
Conversion of capillary electrophoresis microchip genotyping data for analysis with Genetic Profiler software. (2001)

The collection and conversion of 4-color fluorescent genotyping data from capillary array electrophoresis microchip devices and its conversion to a format easily and rapidly analyzed by Genetic Profiler genotyping software is presented. Microchip fluorescence intensity data are acquired and stored as 4-color tab-delimited text. These files are converted to electrophoretic signal data (ESD) files using a utility program (TEXT-to-ESD) written in C. TEXT-to-ESD generates an ESD file by converting text data to binary data and then appending a 632-byte ESD-file trailer. Up to 96 ESD files are then assembled into a run folder and imported into Genetic Profiler, where data are reduced to 4-color electropherograms and analyzed. In this manner, DNA fragment sizing data acquired with our high-speed electrophoretic microchip devices can be rapidly analyzed using robust commercial software. Additionally, the conversion program allows sizing of data with Genetic Profiler that have been preprocessed using other third-party software, such as BaseFinder.
Phase Synchronization for Coherent MIMO Radar: Algorithms and Their Analysis (2011)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar can achieve improved localization performance by employing a coherent processing approach with proper antenna positioning. Coherent processing, however, entails the challenge of ensuring phase coherence of the carrier signals from different distributed radar elements. In this work, we aim to address such a challenge by providing a systematic treatment of the phase synchronization problem in coherent MIMO radar systems. We propose and study three different approaches for reaching a common notion of phase in coherent MIMO radar, namely, the master-slave closed-loop algorithm, the round-trip algorithm and the broadcast consensus based algorithm. These algorithms range from centralized to distributed types, and include both noniterative and iterative approaches. They do not require a priori establishment of the time synchronization, and thus are all time asynchronous in nature. Under a similar analytical framework, we mathematically characterize each of these algorithms, and further derive and study the statistical properties of a few relevant figures of merit including the resulting phase synchronization error. Simulation results are presented to validate our theoretical analysis.
Digital Control Techniques Based on Voltage Source Inverters in Renewable Energy Applications: A Review (2018)

In the modern era, distributed generation is considered as an alternative source for power generation. Especially, need of the time is to provide the three-phase loads with smooth sinusoidal voltages having fixed frequency and amplitude. A common solution is the integration of power electronics converters in the systems for connecting distributed generation systems to the stand-alone loads. Thus, the presence of suitable control techniques, in the power electronic converters, for robust stability, abrupt response, optimal tracking ability and error eradication are inevitable. A comprehensive review based on design, analysis, validation of the most suitable digital control techniques and the options available for the researchers for improving the power quality is presented in this paper with their pros and cons. Comparisons based on the cost, schemes, performance, modulation techniques and coordinates system are also presented. Finally, the paper describes the performance evaluation of the control schemes on a voltage source inverter (VSI) and proposes the different aspects to be considered for selecting a power electronics inverter topology, reference frames, filters, as well as control strategy.
Tobacco, cocoa, coffee, and ragweed: cross-reacting allergens that activate factor-XII-dependent pathways (1981)

A glycoprotein antigen has been isolated from cured tobacco leaves (TGP- L) Nicotiana tabacum) and from cigarette smoke condensate (TGP-CSC) to which approximately one-third of human volunteers, smokers and non- smokers, exhibit immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity. TGP-L and TGP- CSC contain polyphenol haptens that activate the factor XII (Hageman factor) dependent pathways of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation in normal human plasma. The purpose of this communication is to describe the isolation antigens from cocoa powder (Theobroma cacao), ground coffee (Coffea arabica), and ragweed (Ambrosia eliator) pollen that are immunologically cross-reactive with TGP-L and TGP-CSC, contain similar polyphenol haptens, and are capable of activating factor-XII- dependent pathways in normal human plasma.
Throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11e MAC (2004)

This work focuses on the throughput analysis of the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC). In the IEEE 802.11 standard, the main access scheme is called the distributed coordination function (DCF) and is the basis for the other access schemes, such as the point coordination function (PCF) and the enhanced DCF (EDCF) of the new IEEE 802.11e MAC. Since the IEEE 802.11 MAC does not support quality of service (QoS), the IEEE is currently working on the final draft of an enhanced version known as the IEEE 802.11e. In this enhanced standard, QoS and service differentiations are supported. The throughput and delay performance of the DCF/PCF of the IEEE 802.11 MAC are presented for different packet lengths and different numbers of users. Throughput performances are also detailed for the EDCF.
Quaternary Structure Constraints on Evolutionary Sequence Divergence (2006)

The structurally constrained protein evolution (SCPE) model simulates protein divergence considering protein structure explicitly. The model is based on the observation that protein structure is more conserved during evolution than the sequences encoding for that structure. In the previous work, the SCPE model considered only the tertiary structure. Here we show that the performance of the model is enhanced when the oligomeric structure is taken into account. Our results agree with recent evolutionary studies of oligomeric proteins, which show that conservation of the quaternary structure imposes additional constraints on sequence divergence. The incorporation of protein-protein interactions into protein evolution models may be important in the study of quaternary protein structures and complex protein assemblies.
Perceptual evaluation of headphone auralization of rooms captured with spherical microphone arrays with respect to spaciousness and timbre (2019)

A listening experiment is presented in which subjects rated the perceived differences in terms of spaciousness and timbre between a headphone-based headtracked dummy head auralization of a sound source in different rooms and a headphone-based headtracked auralization of a spherical microphone array recording of the same scenario. The underlying auralizations were based on measured impulse responses to assure equal conditions. Rigid-sphere arrays with different amounts of microphones ranging from 50 to up to 1202 were emulated through sequential measurements, and spherical harmonics orders of up to 12 were tested. The results show that the array auralizations are partially indistinguishable from the direct dummy head auralization at a spherical harmonics order of 8 or higher if the virtual sound source is located at a lateral position. No significant reduction of the perceived differences with increasing order is observed for frontal virtual sound sources. In this case, small differences with respect to both spaciousness and timbre persist. The evaluation of lowpass-filtered stimuli shows that the perceived differences occur exclusively at higher frequencies and can therefore be attributed to spatial aliasing. The room had only a minor effect on the results.
Dangers for Pregnant Women in the Work Place (1985)

THE current trend in ethical discourse is not merely to analyze the differences between good and evil but to examine ethical dilemmas — i.e., situations in which there is some good and perhaps some harm on both sides.1 , 2 The dilemma presents a problem of rational choice between values, or among a hierarchy of values.3 Thus, ethical arguments have become more and more like legal arguments, wherein the decision may go either way depending on the vigor, scholarship, and persuasiveness of the points of view expressed.I was reminded of this similarity in reading a case that was decided in a . . .
Efficacy and Safety of Opioid Agonists in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain of Nonmalignant Origin (2005)

Short-term studies provide only equivocal evidence regarding the efficacy of opioids in reducing the intensity of neuropathic pain. Intermediate-term studies demonstrate significant efficacy of opioids over placebo for neuropathic pain, which is likely to be clinically important. Reported adverse events of opioids are common but not life-threatening. Further RCTs are needed to establish their long-term efficacy, safety (including addiction potential), and effects on quality of life.
<title>Recent advances in fringe projection technique for 3D shape measurement</title> (1999)

This paper describes a new 3D surface contouring system based on a digital fringe projection and phase shifting technique. The new system takes full advantage of a novel projection display technology to provide the capability of digital fringe projection with high brightness and contrasts ratio. This capability helps improve system resolution and accuracy and make the full-field contouring of large objects possible. Fringe patterns with any cross-sectional intensity profile and spacing can be created digitally by software on a computer, limited only by the resolution and bit depth of the projection system. Also, purely software-based digital phase shifting technique can be applied to improve the resolution of the contouring technique. This eliminates the need for physically shifting the grating or other optical components and makes phase shifting digitally accurate. The concept of this new 3D surface contouring system is first introduced. Then issues related to projector nonlinearity, background noise, and phase unwrapping are addressed. FInally, some experimental results are presented.
Improvements in the Properties of Concrete Utilizing Classified Fly Ash"" (1989)

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Finger Detection for Sign Language Recognition (2009)

Abstract — Computer recognition of sign language is an important research problem for enabling communication with hearing impaired people. This paper introduces an efficient and fast algorithm for identification of the number of fingers opened in a gesture representing an alphabet of the American Sign Language. Finger Detection is accomplished based on the concept of Boundary Tracing and Finger Tip Detection. The system does not require the hand to be perfectly aligned to the camera or use any special markers or input gloves on the hand. Index Terms—Boundary Tracing, computer access for disabled, finger detection, image processing, sign language recognition. I.
Using Machine Learning Methods in The Simulation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow: a Brief Review (2019)

In the past few years, machine learning algorithms and models have shown great power in the emerging field of data mining and artificial intelligence, attracting a great deal of attention. Given specific learning task and tra... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
Acceleration and Delay of Ripening in Banana Fruit Tissue by Gibberellic Acid (1970)

Dipping of whole banana fruit in aqueous solutions of gibberellic acid (GAs) at concentrations of 10-L 10-2M delays ripening. In contrast, treatment of banana fruit slices by vacuum infiltration with GA3 at concentrations ranging from 10-6 to 10-2M accelerates ripening. These contrasting effects appear to be related to the differences in distribution of GA3 in the tissue, resulting from the two methods of treatment.
Adaptive equalization and interference cancellation for wireless communication systems (1999)

An adaptive equalization and interference cancellation method is proposed. The proposed scheme can cancel both intersymbol interference and cochannel interference, and is blind in the sense that no knowledge of the training sequences of the interfering users is required. In particular, it is a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer that is implemented by the generalized Viterbi algorithm (GVA) with an RLS-based channel estimator. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed method, various simulation results over a frequency selective Rayleigh fading environment in the presence of cochannel interference are presented. In addition, a sequential algorithm is introduced to reduce the computational complexity of GVA.
A 0.25 mu m via plug process using selective CVD aluminium for multilevel interconnection (2002)

A multilevel interconnection with 0.25- mu m via holes has been successfully fabricated using a selective CVD (chemical vapor deposition) aluminum via plug process. Via holes on first-level aluminum interconnections have been fully plugged for the first time by selective CVD aluminum in combination with in situ RF cleaning. Specific contact resistivities of CVD aluminum via plugs are estimated to be as low as 5*10/sup -10/ Omega cm/sup 2/, and the yield for 10/sup 4/ via chains is 100% for test patterns with various via diameters of 0.25-2 mu m. Electromigration tests for the CVD aluminum plugs demonstrate extremely high reliability compared to conventional sputtering samples. The results presented demonstrate that the selective aluminum CVD process is a promising technique for future quarter-micron LSIs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxidation-Reduction Potential of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) (1933)

The measurement of the oxidation-reduction potential of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is desirable in the elucidation of its physiological action. Two attempts have been made to measure this potential. Georgescu(1) concluded that he had obtained a thermodynamically reversible potential at pH 6.9, and 7.0 at 20°C. From the data presented, however, it is not possible to accept this interpretation without reservation.
Real-time sector scan study of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. (1978)

Real-time two-dimensional sector sanning was used to analyse mitral valve motion in 4 normal subjects and 6 patients with previously diagnosed mitral valve prolapse syndromes. The normal mitral valve leaflets remain apposed for the duration of systole, and open abruptly with the onset of diastole. During diastole the leaflets are parallel to each other and only the distal ends tend to 'float' closed. Atrial contraction bows the anterior leaflet anteriorly which thus encroaches on the left ventricular outflow tract. The leaflet tips again 'float' closed, but the major portion of the leaflets are not closed until onset of the succeeding left ventricular isovolumic contraction. The abnormal redundant tissue of the ballooning mitral valve is seen as a prominent structure immediately behind the posterior leaflet at the beginning of systole. In one patient with the time-motion pattern of pansystolic prolapse this redundant tissue moved posteriorly in systole and appeared to merge with the left atrial wall. Of the remaninng 5 patients, 4 with late systolic prolapse had characteristic movements of this abnormal tissue. With the beginning of systole the redundant tissue moved superiorly and slightly anteriorly into the left atrium. In mid-systole at the time of the diagnostic changes in the standard time-motion study, the abnormal mitral valve tissue moved posteriorly and inferiorly to a position adjacent to the left atrial wall, and then at end-systole moved anteriorly to a mid-atrial position. During diastole the redundant tissue again moved posteriorly, and then again anteriorly to assume its mid-atrial position at the start of the next cardiac cycle. Hence, in at least some patients, the primary abnormality in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome is the mitral valve and not the left ventricle. There is definite prolapse of mitral valve tissue into the left atrium in this syndrome, and the prolapse appears to persist throughout systole regardless ofthe diagnostic pattern recorded with standard time-motion echocardiography. Furthermore, the redundant mitral valve tissue is the source of several distinct echoes which all follow the outlined course, thus accounting for the multiple parallel systolic echoes often observed in patients with the mitral valve prolapse syndrome.
Vibrant, Productive Rural Communities Are Integral to the Long-term Sustainability of Australia (2010)

It is critical that people who live and work in rural and remote Australia have access to high quality, relevant and affordable healthcare, education, training and social support at all ages and stages of life.
Optical Guided-Wave Devices (1986)

Optical fiber is rapidly becoming the transmission medium of choice for new telecommunication systems. For a true lightwave network to evolve, however, optical control devices such as optical switches and multiplexer-demultiplexers will be essential. Optical guided-wave devices built with photolithographic fabrication techniques and electro-optic substrates are compact, low drive power devices that provide these functions. Research is particularly advanced on integrated-optic devices based on waveguides formed by titanium diffused into lithium niobate. Switch arrays, tunable filters, and high-speed modulators have been demonstrated and used in research systems experiments.
A computationally efficient method of timing and phase estimation in TDMA systems using a preamble sequence (1995)

Abstract Optimum and near optimum methods of burst parameter estimation based on the discrete Fourier transform are presented. The methods are applicable to single sample per symbol demodulators when the burst preamble is chosen to be a discrete frequency component at one quarter of the symbol rate. The proposed methods do not require the squaring of the signal, and hence avoid the loss associated with squaring the noise components. The optimum method is shown to reach the Cramer‐Rao bound for symbol timing and carrier phase estimation for the chosen preamble, whereas the more computationally efficient method shows a loss of 1.0dB and yields information regarding the timing offset only. The performances of the two methods in the presence of carrier frequency offset and additive white Gaussian noise are analysed, and implementations are given together with a comparison of the respective computational complexities.