gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10 Gbit/s low-power bit synchroniser with automatic retiming phase alignment (1991)

A 10 Gbit/s bit-synchroniser circuit has been fabricated using an enhancement/depletion 0.3 μm recessed-gate AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well FET process. Te differential gain of the exclusive-or phase comparator circuit is measured to be 371 mV/rad. The phase margins for monotonous phase comparison are −54/+21° relative to the ‘in bit cell centre’ position of the negative going clock edge. The chip has a power dissipation of 160 mW when using a supply voltage of 1.90 V.
Substantially Complete Removal of the 34kDa Allergenic Soybean Protein,<i>Gly m</i>Bd 30 K, from Soy Milk of a Mutant Lacking the<i>α</i>- and<i>α</i>′-Subunits of Conglycinin (1996)

Substantially complete removal (99.78%) of the allergenic soybean protein, Gly m Bd 30 K, was attained by applying simple centrifugation at 10,000 x g and at pH 4.5 in the presence of Na2SO4 to defatted soy milk from a genetically mutated soybean cultivar (Tohoku 124) which lacked the alpha- and alpha'-subunits of conglycinin. The removal rate was ten times higher than that (97.44%) from a normal soybean cultivar of I.O.M. grade.
Stem cells in endometrium and their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (2011)

The human endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes cycles of growth and regression with each menstrual cycle. Adult progenitor stem cells are likely responsible for this remarkable regenerative capacity; these same progenitor stem cells may also have an enhanced capacity to generate endometriosis if shed in a retrograde fashion. The progenitor stem cells reside in the uterus; however, less-committed mesenchymal stem cells may also travel from other tissues such as bone marrow to repopulate the progenitor population. Mesenchymal stem cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and may be the principle source of endometriosis outside of the peritoneal cavity when they differentiate into endometriosis in ectopic locations. Finally, besides progenitor stem cells, recent publications have identified multipotent stem cells in the endometrium. These multipotent stem cells are a readily available source of cells that are useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Endometrial stem cells have been used to generate chondrocytes, myocytes, neurons, and adiposites in vitro as well as to replace dopaminergic neurons in a murine model of Parkinson's disease.
Rapidly deploying grammar-based speech applications with active learning and back-off grammars (2008)

Grammar-based approaches to spoken language understanding are utilized to a great extent in industry, particularly when developers are confronted with data sparsity. In order to ensure wide grammar coverage, developers typically modify their grammars in an iterative process of deploying the application, collecting and transcribing user utterances, and adjusting the grammar. In this paper, we explore enhancing this iterative process by leveraging active learning with back-off grammars. Because the back-off grammars expand coverage of user utterances, developers have a safety net for deploying applications earlier. Furthermore, the statistics related to the back-off can be used for active learning, thus reducing the effort and cost of data transcription. In experiments conducted on a commercially deployed application, the approach achieved levels of semantic accuracy comparable to transcribing all failed utterances with 87% less transcriptions.
A comparison of queen oviposition rates from monogyne and polygyne fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, colonies (1992)

Abstract. The oviposition rate of individual queens of Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in relation to their weight and number of queens present in the colony was investigated by direct 2 h observations. There is a strong positive correlation between the weight of a queen and its oviposition rate in both monogyne and polygyne colonies. However, the number of eggs laid per mg queen is higher for moonogyne queens than for polygyne queens. This difference is more evident when the total weight of queens present in a colony is considered. The individual queen oviposition rate is negatively correlated with the number of queens in the colony. In addition, the weight loss per egg laid is significantly greater for polygyne than for monogyne queens, probably due to differences in egg size. These data suggest that oviposition is more efficient in monogyne than in polygyne queens at the individual level; however, at the colony level, polygyne colonies produce significantly more eggs. Comparison of colony level efficiency predicts that polygyne colonies must have at least nine queens to compete reproductively with a mature monogyne queen. Therefore, oligogyny does not appear to be a viable strategy for S.invicata.
Design and implementation of graduation project/thesis management system based on J2EE (2010)

The significance of graduation project/thesis management system framework design based on J2EE and the core structure of J2EE are discussed in this paper,also the main function modules and the logical relationship between modules of the system are introduced. Besides,the key technologies,such as the Database Connection Pool,Session Object to store users' information,COM components calling based on Jacob,etc.,are researched,and the characteristics of the system are concluded. Actual operation shows that the design is of high convenience and practicality.
Validation of Noninvasive Tracer Kinetic Analysis of <sup>18</sup>F-Florbetaben PET Using a Dual–Time-Window Acquisition Protocol (2017)

Accurate amyloid PET quantification is necessary for monitoring amyloid-β accumulation and response to therapy. Currently, most of the studies are analyzed using the static SUV ratio (SUVR) approach because of its simplicity. However, this approach may be influenced by changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) or radiotracer clearance. Full tracer kinetic models require arterial blood sampling and dynamic image acquisition. The objectives of this work were, first, to validate a noninvasive kinetic modeling approach for <sup>18</sup>F-florbetaben PET using an acquisition protocol with the best compromise between quantification accuracy and simplicity and, second, to assess the impact of CBF changes and radiotracer clearance on SUVRs and noninvasive kinetic modeling data in <sup>18</sup>F-florbetaben PET. <b>Methods:</b> Using data from 20 subjects (10 patients with probable Alzheimer dementia and 10 healthy volunteers), the nondisplaceable binding potential (BP<sub>ND</sub>) obtained from the full kinetic analysis was compared with the SUVR and with noninvasive tracer kinetic methods (simplified reference tissue model and multilinear reference tissue model 2). Various approaches using shortened or interrupted acquisitions were compared with the results of the full acquisition (0-140 min). Simulations were performed to assess the effect of CBF and radiotracer clearance changes on SUVRs and noninvasive kinetic modeling outputs. <b>Results:</b> An acquisition protocol using time windows of 0-30 and 120-140 min with appropriate interpolation of the missing time points provided the best compromise between patient comfort and quantification accuracy. Excellent agreement was found between BP<sub>ND</sub> obtained using the full protocol and BP<sub>ND</sub> obtained using the dual-window protocol (for multilinear reference tissue model 2, BP<sub>ND</sub> [dual-window] = 0.01 + 1.00·BP<sub>ND</sub> [full], <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.97; for simplified reference tissue model, BP<sub>ND</sub> [dual-window] = 0.05 + 0.92·BP<sub>ND</sub> [full], <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.93). Simulations showed a limited impact of CBF and radiotracer clearance changes on multilinear reference tissue model parameters and SUVR. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrated accurate noninvasive kinetic modeling of <sup>18</sup>F-florbetaben PET data using a dual-window acquisition, thus providing a good compromise between quantification accuracy, scan duration, and patient burden. The influence of CBF and radiotracer clearance changes on amyloid-β load estimates was small. For most clinical research applications, the SUVR approach is appropriate. However, for longitudinal studies in which maximum quantification accuracy is desired, this noninvasive dual-window acquisition with kinetic analysis is recommended.
Parameter Priors for Directed Acyclic Graphical Models and the Characterization of Several Probability Distributions (2013)

We show that the only parameter prior for complete Gaussian DAG models that satisfies global parameter independence, complete model equivalence, and some weak regularity assumptions, is the normal-Wishart distribution. Our analysis is based on the following new characterization of the Wishart distribution: let W be an n x n, n >= 3, positive-definite symmetric matrix of random variables and f(W) be a pdf of W. Then, f(W) is a Wishart distribution if and only if W_{11}-W_{12}W_{22}^{-1}W_{12}' is independent of {W_{12}, W_{22}} for every block partitioning W_{11}, W_{12}, W_{12}', W_{22} of W. Similar characterizations of the normal and normal-Wishart distributions are provided as well. We also show how to construct a prior for every DAG model over X from the prior of a single regression model.
Drawbridge (2014)

End hosts in today's Internet have the best knowledge of the type of traffic they should receive, but they play no active role in traffic engineering. Traffic engineering is conducted by ISPs, which unfortunately are blind to specific user needs. End hosts are therefore subject to unwanted traffic, particularly from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. This research proposes a new system called DrawBridge to address this traffic engineering dilemma. By realizing the potential of software-defined networking (SDN), in this research we investigate a solution that enables end hosts to use their knowledge of desired traffic to improve traffic engineering during DDoS attacks.
Analysis of implementation of group strategies among pre-service English teachers (2013)

This article aims to discuss the implementation of grouping strategies among pre-service elementary school English teachers in terms of theoretical concepts, strategies and feedback from teachers in Taiwan. These grouping strategies were used not only to group learners but also to help them review language and teaching concepts. The case study was conducted during a single semester, from February to June, 2012. The participants included 16 pre-service English teachers in a Multimedia in English Language Teaching class, part of a teacher education program in Taiwan. This study presents the following conclusions. First, 18 grouping strategies were employed across five categories. Second, the pre-service English teachers held positive attitudes toward these grouping strategies because these strategies made learning fun and creative. Moreover, they thought these strategies helped them review their English and their background knowledge about language learning and teaching.
On-site sanitation groundwater: The art of balancing unknown risks? (1999)

Does the siting of pit latrines close to water sources pose a significant risk to health? Or does the real danger lie with the absence of, or inadequate, sanitation facilities?
Interactions between Naegleria fowleri and Legionella pneumophila (1985)

Using electron microscopy we documented some of the intracellular events that occur in Naegleria fowleri suspended in Page amoeba saline after ingestion of Legionella pneumophila. Photomicrographs showed intracellular vacuoles containing bacteria in the process of binary fission that was accompanied by alignment of mitochondria and ribosome-like structures along the vacuole membrane. Although these intracellular events are remarkably similar to that seen in Legionella replication within human monocytes, we could not demonstrate an increase in the number of bacteria by CFU or dark-field microscopy. However, when the Naegleria cells were allowed to ingest Legionella cells while suspended in amoeba culture medium, the number of bacteria increased, and this was contingent upon the presence of viable amoebae.
Periodic-switching filter networks-a means of amplifying and varying transfer functions (1969)

A technique of periodically switching filter networks makes continuously variable filter parameters possible; at the same time capacitor or time-constant multiplication is obtained. With this method the time constants are multiplied by the switching period to switch aperture-time ration. Because the aperture time is usually small compared to the switching period, the active elements can be shared. A typical first-order system is analyzed for its step and sine response by the difference equation method. Phase and gain error expressions are established as a function of the various parameters. Limiting cases are then investigated to give a measure of a pulse- switched system performance. Finally an application of a multiplexed system is presented where three independent transfer functions are realized using one operational amplifier.
B-cell receptor signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is regulated by overexpressed active protein kinase CβII (2006)

Signals through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) are important for the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Therefore, factors that influence these signals have important pathophysiological roles in this disease. One key mediator of BCR signaling is protein kinase C beta (PKCbeta), which regulates the activation of I-kappaB kinases and the deactivation of Bruton tyrosine kinase within the signaling pathways initiated by BCR engagement. The present study demonstrates that overexpression of the PKCbetaII isoform is a feature of CLL cells and that activity of this enzyme strongly correlates with CLL cell response to BCR engagement. Thus, intracellular Ca2+ release and increases in cell survival after BCR cross-linking were significantly greater in CLL patients with low levels than in CLL patients with high levels of active PKCbetaII. Furthermore, BCR-induced Ca2+ fluxes could be restored in CLL patients with high levels of active PKCbetaII by pretreating the cells with the PKCbeta-specific inhibitor LY379196. Conversely, BCR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release could be inhibited in CLL cells with low levels of active PKCbetaII by pretreatment with the PKC agonist bryostatin. Taken together, these results demonstrate that overexpressed active PKCbetaII plays a role in the regulation and outcome of BCR signals that can be important for the progression of CLL.
One‐Step Annulative π‐Extension of Alkynes with Dibenzosiloles or Dibenzogermoles by Palladium/<i>o</i>‐chloranil Catalysis (2016)

Reliable and short synthetic routes to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nanographenes are important in materials science. Herein, we report an efficient one-step annulative π-extension reaction of alkynes that provides access to diarylphenanthrenes and related nanographene precursors. In the presence of a cationic palladium/o-chloranil catalyst system and dibenzosiloles or dibenzogermoles as π-extending agents, a variety of diarylacetylenes are transformed successfully into 9,10-diarylphenanthrenes in a single step with good functional-group tolerance. Furthermore, double π-extension reactions of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene and diphenyl-1,3-butadiyne are demonstrated, affording oligoarylene products, which show potential for application in the synthesis of larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nanographenes.
The force exerted by an electric field on a long cylindrical conductor (1966)

Abstract The calculations and experiments here described were undertaken in the hope of giving a rational description of the fine jets which a strong electric field can drag from the surface of a conducting fluid. The force on a long axisymmetric conductor in contact with a con­ducting plane and subjected to an electric field parallel to its length is found by replacing the conductor by an axial distribution of charge. This distribution can be determined by means of an integral equation. The solutions for some particular cases were found by means of a computer, and Professor van Dyke, in an appendix, gives a more analytical method of solution. The equivalent distribution of charge is found for half a spheroid standing on a plane. The force acting on this distribution is compared with the known force on the curved surface of a hemispheroid and the result used to show that the error involved in taking them as equal is small. Experiments are described in which cylinders and hemispheroids standing on a horizontal earthed plate were lifted by a vertical field. Agreement between these experiments and calculation when the conductors are sufficiently light indicates that the space charge in the intense field at their upper ends is not large enough to invalidate the calculation, but when the conductors are heavy enough they oscillate instead of rising, an effect which must be due to electric breakdown of the air producing space charges which upset the field.
The role of tramadol in current treatment strategies for musculoskeletal pain. (2007)

Non-selective and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the mainstay of treatment for musculoskeletal pain of moderate intensity. However, in addition to gastrointestinal and renal toxicity, an increased cardiovascular risk may be a class effect for all NSAIDs. Despite these safety risks and the acknowledged ceiling effect of NSAIDs, many doctors still use them to treat moderate, mostly musculoskeletal pain. Recent guidelines for treating osteoarthritis and low back pain, issued by numerous professional medical societies, recommend NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors only in strictly defined circumstances, at the lowest effective dose and for the shortest possible period of time. These recent guidelines bring more focus to the usage of paracetamol and opioids. But opioids still remain under-utilized, although they are effective with minimal organ toxicity. In this setting, the atypical, centrally acting analgesic tramadol offers important benefits. Its multi-modal effect results from a dual mode of action, ie, opioid and monoaminergic mechanisms, with efficacy in both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Moreover, fewer instances of side effects such as constipation, respiratory depression, and sedation occur than with traditional opioids, and tramadol has been prescribed for 30 years for a broad range of indications. Tramadol is now regarded as the first-line analgesic for many musculoskeletal indications. In conclusion, it is recommended to better implement the more recent guidelines focusing on pain management and consider the role of tramadol in musculoskeletal pain treatment strategies.
Statistical multiplexing strategies for self-similar traffic (2008)

Traffic-shifting and shuffle methods are proposed as statistical multiplexing strategies for self-similar traffic sources. The purpose of these strategies is to decrease the burstiness of the traffic. This paper explores the Hurst parameter, and autocorrelation of the homogenous and heterogenous traffic. The simulation initially investigates the traffic with and without strategies implementation. Finally the comparisons between both methods are explored. The simulation results show that the strategies can decline the burstiness of the traffic. When contrasting the traffic performances achieved by both strategies, no large differences of H-parameters and autocorrelation coefficients of the traffic are observed.
Fuzzy Markov Chains (2003)

This Chapter continues our research into fuzzy Markov chains. In [4] we employed possibility distributions in finite Markov chains. The rows in a transition matrix were possibility distributions, instead of discrete probability distributions. Using possibilities we went on to look at regular, and absorbing, Markov chains and Markov decision processes.
Anti-β<sup>1</sup>Integrin IgG Inhibits Pulmonary Macrometastasis and the Size of Micrometastases from a Murine Mammary Carcinoma (1994)

In the present report, we investigated the possible importance of beta 1 integrins in the growth and metastasis of a murine mammary carcinoma, SP1, and a metastatic variant, SP1-3M in vivo. CBA/J female mice bearing SP1 tumor transplants were injected with anti-beta 1 integrin IgG or control nonimmune IgG (200 micrograms per mouse; i.p.) every two days. Animals received anti-CD4 antibody (100 micrograms per mouse) at time zero to suppress immunity against rabbit IgG. Outgrowth of macroscopic metastases from SP1, but not from SP1-3M primary tumors, was markedly inhibited in animals receiving anti-beta 1 integrin IgG but not nonimmune IgG. To assess the stage(s) in the metastatic cascade affected, we examined the number and diameter of micrometastatic nodules in treated and untreated groups. The diameter of micrometastases was significantly reduced in SP1-tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-beta 1 integrin IgG compared to control IgG, although the number of nodules per cm2 of lung sections examined remained unchanged. No change in the number or size of micrometastases in SP1-3M tumor-bearing mice was observed. No difference in the binding, or complement-mediated and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of anti-beta 1 integrin IgG with SP1 and SP1-3M cells was detected. The results suggest that under these conditions anti-beta 1 integrin inhibits metastatic tumor growth in lung tissue, but has minimal effect on intravasation, adhesion to target organs and extravasation.
Prospects for Tuberculosis Elimination (2012)

The target for TB elimination is to reduce annual incidence to less than one case per million population by 2050. Meeting that target requires a 1,000-fold reduction in incidence in little more than 35 years. This can be achieved only by combining the effective treatment of active TB-early case detection and high cure rates to interrupt transmission-with methods to prevent new infections and to neutralize existing latent infections. Vigorous implementation of the WHO Stop TB Strategy is needed to achieve the former, facilitated by the effective supply of, and demand for, health services. The latter calls for new technology, including biomarkers of TB risk, diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. An important milestone en route to elimination will be reached when there is less than 1 TB death per 100,000 population, marking entry into the elimination phase. This landmark can be reached by many countries within 1-2 decades.
Nuclear localization of the mutant protein phosphatase abi1 is required for insensitivity towards ABA responses in Arabidopsis (2008)

ABI1, a protein phosphatase 2C, is a key component of ABA signal transduction in Arabidopsis that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. The abi1-1 mutation, so far the only characterized dominant allele for ABI1, impairs ABA responsitivity in both seeds and vegetative tissues. The site of action of ABI1 is unknown. We show that there is an essential requirement for nuclear localization of abi1 to confer insensitivity towards ABA responses. Transient analyses in protoplasts revealed a strict dependence of wild-type ABI1 and mutant abi1 on a functional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) for regulating ABA-dependent gene expression. Arabidopsis lines with ectopic expression of various abi1 forms corroborated the necessity of a functional NLS to control ABA sensitivity. Disruption of the NLS function in abi1 rescued ABA-controlled gene transcription to wild-type levels, but also attenuated abi1-conferred insensitivity towards ABA during seed germination, root growth and stomatal movement. The mutation in the PP2C resulted in a preferential accumulation of the protein in the nucleus. Application of a proteosomal inhibitor led to both a preferential nuclear accumulation of ABI1 and an enhancement of PP2C-dependent inhibitory action on the ABA response. Thus, abi1-1 acts as a hypermorphic allele, and ABI1 reprograms sensitivity towards ABA in the nucleus.