gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition of gastro-oesophageal refluxate. (1991)

Fifty two patients with abnormal acid gastro-oesophageal reflux were studied by simultaneous oesophageal pH monitoring and continuous aspiration for 16 hours. Aspirates (from discrete two hour periods) were analysed for volume, pH, bile acids (conjugated and unconjugated), trypsin, and pepsin. The results were compared with pH changes and degree of oesophagitis. Patients with oesophagitis had greater acid reflux than those without, but patients with stricture and Barrett's oesophagus had similar acid reflux to those with uncomplicated erosive oesophagitis. Pepsin concentrations were highest in patients with stricture and Barrett's oesophagus particularly during nocturnal periods. Conjugated bile acids were detected in 75% of patients, mainly during the night, but only 2% of aspirates contained concentrations likely to be cytotoxic. Unconjugated bile acids were not detected, and trypsin was seldom found. Reflux oesophagitis is caused by acid and pepsin. Bile acids and trypsin are probably unimportant.
Camera control in computer graphics (2009)

This course summarizes the motivations and requirements for camera control, presents an overview of the state of the art, and examines promising avenues and hot topics for future research. It classifies the various techniques and identifies the representational limits and commitments of each. Approaches range from completely interactive techniques based on the possible mappings between a user's input and the camera parameters to completely automated paradigms in which the camera moves and jumps according to high-level, scenario-oriented goals. Between these extremes lie approaches with more limited expressiveness that use a range of algebraic and constraint-based optimization techniques. The course includes a number of live examples from both commercial systems and research prototypes, and it emphasizes the tough issues facing application developers, such as real-time handling of visibility for complex multiple targets in dynamic environments (multi-object tracking).
Evaluation of the appropriateness of imipenem/cilastatin prescription and dosing in a tertiary care hospital (2015)

The prescription of imipenem/cilastatin at our setting was mostly appropriate to what is recommended in the guidelines and the literature, although a few cases could have been managed better. Dosage adjustment, however, was not as appropriate, mainly in patients who did not have a stable creatinine clearance.
Alternatives to salt curing techniques: A review (2002)

The raw hides and skins are flayed from the animal and processed further to manufacture leather. As the main constituent of the raw skins and hides is protein, they are much susceptible for bacterial degradation. Thus, itis essential to preserve the protein matrix and also to arrest microbial attack temporarily. Several chemical, biocidal and physical methods have been advocated and adopted, preservation using salt remains the popular curing technique worldwide due to ease, cost-effectiveness and the quality of the finished leather produced. The skins/hides preserved with salt (40-50 per cent, green weight basis) generate huge amount of pollution in the form of total dissolved solids (TDS) and chlorides (Cl - ) during leather processing. A great deal of research is being done worldwide in search of a salt-free, alternative curing systems. An attempt has been made to review various alternative curing techniques and their merits and demerits have been described.
Effects of Long-Term L-Dopa Therapy on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease (1976)

Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion were investigated in 26 patients with Parkinson's disease before and during L-dopa treatment. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 13 patients treated with L-dopa alone and on 7 patients treated with L-dopa combined with Carbidopa. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on additional 6 patients treated with L-dopa alone. Results indicate that chronic L-dopa administration does not modify glucose metabolism. It was observed only a significant decrease of insulin secretion after oral glucose in the early phase (15th day) of treatment with L-dopa alone. This temporary effect may be related to the peripheral conversion of L-dopa to dopamine since insulin secretion during combined therapy was normal. The mechanism by which L-dopa transiently inhibits insulin release is not clear. Perhaps the oral administration of L-dopa alone causes an alteration in some gastrointestinal functions which are involved in the handling of oral glucose.
Test generation for current testing (2003)

Current testing has been found to be useful for testing CMOS ICs because it can detect a large class of manufacturing defects. The concept of current testing is described; the classes of defects detectable by current testing and the conditions to detect a given defect are described; and a general test-vector generation algorithm for current testing is developed and applied to two examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural plugs at microtubule ends may regulate polymer dynamics in vitro (1990)

Microtubules contain in their lumens distinct structures (plugs) that influence their dynamic behavior in vitro. As observed by electron microscopy, plugs are stain-occluding structures 10-30 nm in length that occur along the lengths and at the ends of microtubules. Plugs occur at a frequency of 20-40% at the ends of microtubules assembled from cycled microtubule protein containing MAPs. While the composition of plugs is not known, preliminary evidence suggests that they are accretions of tubulin, that they are labile, and that they are more common in preparations containing MAPs. When polymers are induced to depolymerize by endwise subunit dissociation, the frequency of plugged microtubule ends increases transiently, suggesting that plugs temporarily stabilize microtubules. The functional significance of plugs may be that they prevent the sudden complete loss of microtubules through catastrophic disassembly. It is possible that plugs, by slowing the rate of disassembly, enable a polymer to add GTP-tubulin subunits, thereby forming a stabilizing GTP-cap. These observations suggest that plugs may stabilize polymers and account for the frequent transitions from shortening to growing phases that characterize dynamic instability.
Complex system design utilizing a meta-data dictionary (2002)

The design of software for complex systems requires the use of CASE tools. Meta-Data dictionaries can support the design of complex systems including design capture, conceptual tool integration, organizational learning, system architecture and re-engineering, by providing a central store for all (core) enterprise data This data can then be managed so as to be consistent and re-usable, with tools configured to store their results in the repository. Individual tools can be strongly or loosely coupled with the meta-database (as the problem warrants). In essence, the meta-database will maintain abstractions of the information existing in the individual tools. (It should be noted that we do not propose an environment in which tools are completely integrated, but rather one in which few key elements of information are shared between tool and the meta-database). In this research, a multilevel approach is taken to the design of the meta-data dictionary.
Thermally Reversible Pluronic/Heparin Nanocapsules Exhibiting 1000-Fold Volume Transition (2006)

Novel Pluronic/heparin composite nanocapsules that exhibit a thermally responsible swelling and deswelling behavior were synthesized. Pluronic F-127 preactivated with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate at its two terminal hydroxyl groups was dissolved in a methylene chloride phase. The organic phase was dispersed in an aqueous phase containing heparin. At an organic/aqueous interface, Pluronic-cross-linked heparin nanocapsules were produced. They exhibited a 1000-fold volume transition (ca. 336 nm at 25 degrees C; ca. 32 nm at 37 degrees C), and a reversible swelling and deswelling behavior when the temperature was cycled between 20 and 37 degrees C. The reversible volume transition of Pluronic nanocapsules was caused by micellization and demicellization of cross-linked Pluronic polymer chains within the nanocapsule structure in response to temperature. The morphological characters were investigated with transmission electron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering. Pluronic/heparin nanocapsules had an aqueous fluid-filled hollow interior with a surrounding shell layer below the critical temperature, but they became a collapsed core/shell structure similar to that of Pluronic micelles above it.
10‐Carbethoxymethyl‐3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4′,3′:2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐<i>b</i>]indole and Derivatives at its 10‐Position (1993)

Abstract Reaction of 3‐phenyl‐10 H ‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4′,3′:2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐ b ]indole ( 4 ) with ethyl chloroacetate gave 10‐carbethoxymethyl‐3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4′,3′:2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐ b ]indole ( 3 ). Condensation of 3 with hydrazine hydrate gave (3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4′,3′:2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐ b ]indol‐10‐yl)acetylhydrazine ( 5 ). Reactions of 5 with a number of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenone, cyclohexanone and D‐galactose gave the corresponding hydrazones 6 ‐ 12 . Condensation of 5 with acetylacetone gave the pyrazole 15 . Cyclization of 5 with CS 2 gave (3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4′,3′:2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐ b ]indol‐10‐yl)(2‐thiol‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl)methane ( 16 ). Reaction of 16 with ethyl chloroacetate gave the carbethoxy alkylated derivative (3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4′,3′:2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐ b ]indol‐10‐yl)[2‐(thiocarbethoxymethyl)1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl]methane ( 17 ).
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF BOILING BURNOUT HEAT FLUXES FOR WATER IN VORTEX FLOW (1958)

data from the SBFV, and it was modified so that analogous cases could be run with the two different boundary conditions.
OCPAD — Occluded checkerboard pattern detector (2016)

Many camera calibration techniques require the detection of a pattern with known geometry, e.g., a checkerboard. Typically, the pattern must be fully contained in the field of view. This brings several limitations, one of which is that lens distortion can not reliably be estimated in outer image regions. This paper presents the occluded checkerboard pattern detector (OCPAD) to find checkerboards, even in a) low-resolution images, b) images with high lens distortion and if c) the pattern is partly occluded or not completely within the field of view. We exploit that checkerboards can easily be represented by a graph. We use graph matching to find the largest partial checkerboard in the image. Our detector complements a state-of-the-art calibration algorithm. Quantitatively, detection rates are considerably improved over the state-of-the-art. Additionally, estimation of lens distortion is greatly improved at outer image regions. Here, the reprojection error is improved by up to 50%.
The DNA aptamers that specifically recognize ricin toxin are selected by two <b><i>in vitro</i></b> selection methods (2006)

Aptamers which specifically recognize cytotoxin ricin were successfully selected using the two different in vitro selection methods. One selection method was used to isolate aptamers by affinity chromatography. Another selection method, named CE-SELEX, was carried out using CE as a separation approach. The high separation efficiency of CE evidently improved the rate of enrichment and obviously shortened the selection rounds, with near 87.2% binding just after the fourth round of selection. The aptamers A3, C1, and C5, derived from the two selection methods, were found to possess high affinity and specificity for ricin with the Kd values in the low nanomolar range, and did not recognize abrin toxin similar to ricin in the structures and properties, or BSA. Among the aptamers selected, A3 isolated by affinity chromatography shared extensive sequence similarity with C1 and C5 derived from CE-SELEX. They differed by only one base from each other. Their stable secondary structures predicted also had very similar structure motifs, and all folded a long and internal loop-embedded loop stem structure by base pairing. The ELISA and dot-blot analysis also proved that the selected DNA aptamers had the high specificity to ricin toxin.
Immunological studies of the toxic site in ammodytoxin A (1991)

Two monoclonal antibodies against the native ammodytoxin A and four site-directed polyclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides derived from the primary structure of the toxin were prepared in order to estimate the localization of its toxic site. Some of the antibodies neutralized the lethal toxicity of the toxin, thus indicating an approximate position of the toxic or receptor binding site on the molecule that is different from those predicted by comparison with a number of known sequences.
Final Report - Assessment of Potential Phosphate Ion-Cementitious Materials Interactions (2007)

The objectives of this limited study were to: (1) review the potential for degradation of cementitious materials due to exposure to high concentrations of phosphate ions; (2) provide an improved understanding of any significant factors that may lead to a requirement to establish exposure limits for concrete structures exposed to soils or ground waters containing high levels of phosphate ions; (3) recommend, as appropriate, whether a limitation on phosphate ion concentration in soils or ground water is required to avoid degradation of concrete structures; and (4) provide a "primer" on factors that can affect the durability of concrete materials and structures in nuclear power plants. An assessment of the potential effects of phosphate ions on cementitious materials was made through a review of the literature, contacts with concrete research personnel, and conduct of a "bench-scale" laboratory investigation. Results of these activities indicate that: no harmful interactions occur between phosphates and cementitious materials unless phosphates are present in the form of phosphoric acid; phosphates have been incorporated into concrete as set retarders, and phosphate cements have been used for infrastructure repair; no standards or guidelines exist pertaining to applications of reinforced concrete structures in high-phosphate environments; interactions of phosphate ions and cementitious materials has not been a concern of the research community; and laboratory results indicate similar performance of specimens cured in phosphate solutions and those cured in a calcium hydroxide solution after exposure periods of up to eighteen months. Relative to the "primer," a separate NUREG report has been prepared that provides a review of pertinent factors that can affect the durability of nuclear power plant reinforced concrete structures.
Fair, Judicious, and Pre-Eminent: Yale College: An Educational History, 1871–1921 (1953)

"Fair, Judicious, and Pre-Eminent: Yale College: An Educational History, 1871–1921." The Journal of Higher Education, 24(1), pp. 50–51
p53 domains: suppression, transformation, and transactivation. (1993)

We investigated the suppression, transformation, and transactivation functions of isolated segments of wild-type murine p53. Intact p53, but no segment of p53, inhibited cellular transformation by the activated ras and adenovirus E1A proteins. We conclude that most of p53 is needed for suppression of cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, the transactivating domain of herpesvirus protein VP16 was able to substitute for the N-terminal transactivating domain of p53 in cellular suppression. Thus, unless the interchanged p53 and VP16 acidic segments share additional functions, transactivation is required for suppression by p53. Interestingly, we found that all p53 segments containing amino acids 320-360 enhanced transformation by ras and E1A. This region has been associated with the oligomerization of p53 (Milner et al., 1991; Sturzbecher et al., 1992). Furthermore, no p53 segment lacking amino acids 320-360 transformed cells. Amino acids 320-360, therefore, may account for the major transforming activity of p53. Intact p53 and chimeric VP16-p53 transactivated the CAT gene under control of a p53-specific promoter, while transforming segments of p53 interfered with transactivation by wild-type p53. Our findings argue that transactivation by p53 is required for cellular suppression and that any nontransactivating p53 that retains the capacity to oligomerize with wild-type p53 would have transformation potential.
Reactive clocks with variability-tracking jitter (2015)

The growing variability in nanoelectronic devices, due to uncertainties from the manufacturing process and environmental conditions (power supply, temperature, aging), requires increasing design guardbands, forcing circuits to work with conservative clock frequencies. Various schemes for clock generation based on ring oscillators and adaptive clocks have been proposed with the goal to mitigate the power and performance losses attributable to variability. However, there has been no systematic analysis to quantify the benefits of such schemes and no sign-off method has been proposed for timing correctness. This paper presents and analyzes a Reactive Clocking scheme with Variability-Tracking Jitter (RClk) that uses variability as an opportunity to reduce power by continuously adjusting the clock frequency to the varying environmental conditions, and thus, reduces guardband margins significantly. Power can be reduced between 20% and 40% at iso-performance and performance can be boosted by similar amounts at iso-power. Additionally, energy savings can be translated to substantial advantages in terms of reliability and thermal management. More importantly, the technology can be adopted with minimal modifications to conventional EDA flows.
Introduction to quantum electromagnetic circuits (2017)

Summary The article is a short opinionated review of the quantum treatment of electromagnetic circuits, with no pretension to exhaustiveness. This review, which is an updated and modernized version of a previous set of Les Houches School lecture notes, has three main parts. The first part describes how to construct a Hamiltonian for a general circuit, which can include dissipative elements. The second part describes the quantization of the circuit, with an emphasis on the quantum treatment of dissipation. The final part focuses on the Josephson nonlinear element and the main linear building blocks from which superconducting circuits are assembled. It also includes a brief review of the main types of superconducting artificial atoms, elementary multi‐level quantum systems made from basic circuit elements. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracerebral delivery of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine in combination with synchrotron stereotactic radiation for the therapy of the F98 glioma (2009)

Iodine-enhanced synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy takes advantage of the radiation dose-enhancement produced by high-Z elements when irradiated with mono-energetic beams of synchrotron X-rays. In this study it has been investigated whether therapeutic efficacy could be improved using a thymidine analogue, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR), as a radiosentizing agent. IUdR was administered intracerebrally over six days to F98 glioma-bearing rats using Alzet osmotic pumps, beginning seven days after tumor implantation. On the 14th day, a single 15 Gy dose of 50 keV synchrotron X-rays was delivered to the brain. Animals were followed until the time of death and the primary endpoints of this study were the mean and median survival times. The median survival times for irradiation alone, chemotherapy alone or their combination were 44, 32 and 46 days, respectively, compared with 24 days for untreated controls. Each treatment alone significantly increased the rats' survival in comparison with the untreated group. Their combination did not, however, significantly improve survival compared with that of X-irradiation alone or chemotherapy alone. Further studies are required to understand why the combination of chemoradiotherapy was no more effective than X-irradiation alone.
Total Knee Arthroplasty MRI Featuring Slice-Encoding for Metal Artifact Correction: Reduction of Artifacts for STIR and Proton Density–Weighted Sequences (2013)

SEMAC sequences showed a statistically significant artifact reduction. The detection of clinically relevant findings such as periprosthetic osteolysis was markedly improved.
Enhanced fungicidal activity of N-chlorotaurine in nasal secretion (2001)

The antifungal activity of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), a long-lived oxidant produced by stimulated human leucocytes, was investigated. Incubation of Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. in 1% NCT (55 mM) for 1-4 h produced a log10 reduction in cfu of between 1 and 4. In samples of nasal secretion, killing was significantly hastened (30 min), which may be explained by the formation of monochloramine by halogenation of ammonium, which was found at a concentration of 1 mM in these samples. For these reasons, NCT is of interest as a new agent for treatment of local inflammatory mycosis, e.g. eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis.