gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Energy-Efficient Stochastic Circuits Using Parallel Sobol Sequences (2018)

Stochastic computing (SC) often requires long stochastic sequences and, thus, a long latency to achieve accurate computation. The long latency leads to an inferior performance and low energy efficiency compared with most conventional binary designs. In this paper, a type of low-discrepancy sequences, the Sobol sequence, is considered for use in SC. Compared to the use of pseudorandom sequences generated by linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs), the use of Sobol sequences improves the accuracy of stochastic computation with a reduced sequence length. The inherent feature in Sobol sequence generators enables the parallel implementation of random number generators with an improved performance and hardware efficiency. In particular, the underlying theory is formulated and circuit design is proposed for an arbitrary level of parallelization in a power of 2. In addition, different strategies are implemented for parallelizing combinational and sequential stochastic circuits. The hardware efficiency of the parallel stochastic circuits is measured by energy per operation (EPO), throughput per area (TPA), and runtime. At a similar accuracy, the 8× parallel stochastic circuits using Sobol sequences consume approximately 1% of the EPO of the conventional LFSR-based nonparallelized circuits. Meanwhile, an average of 70 (up to 89) times improvements in TPA and less than 1% runtime are achieved. A sorting network is implemented for a median filter (MF) as an application. For a similar image processing quality, a higher energy efficiency is obtained for an 8× parallelized stochastic MF compared with its binary counterpart.
Steam Treatment of Cellulosic Biomass for Pelletization (2018)

Steam treatment of biomass is used extensively as a hydrolysis pretreatment for biochemical conversion. This chapter presents the state of the art in principles of steam treatment, explores the effects that saturated steam temperature, and explains the effects a steam treatment would have on particle size and moisture content of cellulosic biomass and the density of pellets made from the treated materials. Research and practical experience have led to the consensus that steam conditioning of biomass prior to pressing enhances the durability of pellets. The steam explosion, also named as Masonite technology, is usually used to yield pulp from biomass. The batch mode is usually used in the laboratory to pre- treat the biomass for scientific research while industrial processes mostly use continuous mode. Steam explosion pretreatment consists of physical, chemical, and mechanical effects on modifying the biomass structure. The mechanical strength and quality of produced pellets were investigated to assess the effectiveness of this hydrothermal pretreatment prior to pelletization.
Possible Aktive Components of Tan-Shen<i>(Salvia miltiorrhiza)</i>for Protection of the Myocardium Against Ischemia-Induced Derangements (1989)

Extract of Tan-Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza, Labiatae), a Chinese traditional crude drug, was reported to show beneficial activity for heart disease. Chemical examination on the extract was performed on the basis of screening for protective action on the ischemic myocardium. Isolated hearts were subjected to hypoxic perfusion for 20 min, followed by 45 min reoxygenation, and the recovery of cardiac contractile force and changes in UV absorbance of the perfusate were examined. Among the components isolated, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone VI elicited a significant enhanced recovery of the contractile force upon reoxygenation. This was associated with a decrease in the increase in UV absorbance of the perfusate, suggesting the preservation of ATP metabolites in the myocardium. This, in turn, may enhance the restoration of ATP upon oxygen-replenishment. The results suggest that tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone VI can protect the myocardium against ischemia-induced derangements.
Robotic Harvest of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle: Laboratory and Clinical Experience (2012)

Minimally invasive harvest of the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle is a desirable goal because of both the wide utility of this muscle and the length of incision required to harvest it. In this study, robotic harvest of the LD muscle was evaluated in a cadaver model and clinical series. Ten LD flaps were robotically harvested in eight cadavers. Positioning, port placement, procedural steps, instrumentation, and technical obstacles were all critically analyzed and reported. After modifying the technique based on experience gained in the cadaver study, eight LD muscles were robotically harvested and transferred in eight patients. Access included a short axillary incision and two additional port sites along the anterior border of the muscle. Insufflation was used to maintain the optical cavity. Indications included pedicled flaps for implant-based breast reconstruction and free flaps for scalp reconstruction. All flaps were successfully transferred without converting to open technique. In the clinical series, average time for setup and port placement was 23 minutes, and average robotic time was 1 hour and 51 minutes. There were no major complications. Robotic harvest of the LD is feasible and effective and permits full muscle harvest without a visible incision.
IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation (2010)

Three IPv4 unicast address blocks are reserved for use in examples in
specifications and other documents. This document describes the use of
these blocks.
Active cathepsins B, H, K, L and S in human inflammatory bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (2005)

Although their importance for inflammation remains to be clarified, the presence of active cathepsins L, K and S suggests that they contribute to the extracellular breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
Tailoring zero chromatic dispersion into the 1.5–1.6 μm low-loss spectral region of single-mode fibres (1979)

We have designed and fabricated single-mode silica fibres that have zero chromatic dispersion within the 1.5–1.6 μm low-loss spectral region by controlling their waveguide dispersion and dopant-dependent material dispersion. These fibres have small core diameters and large core-cladding refractive-index differences, Δn = 0.018, corresponding to a 13 mole % GeO2 dopant concentration in the core. The zero-dispersion wavelength was shifted from λ0 = 1.375 μ to λ0 = 1.54 μ by decreasing the fibre core diameter from 7 μm to 4.8 μm. This ability to tailor the minimum dispersion wavelength to the ultra-low-loss region near 1.55 μm is important for designing single-mode fibres for very long distance and very high capacity optical transmission.
New video processing methods to improve apparent gloss (2012)

We have developed new video processing methods that sharp brightness gradients are restored by Retinex theory and low dynamic ranges of display devices are improved by physiological effects, to display images with high gloss. We determined proper processing conditions by using objective evaluation results of apparent gloss.
Application of undersampling technique for the design of an NMR signals digital receiver (2006)

In this article, undersampling technique theory and design, realization, and workbench test of a low-cost digital MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) receiver are reported. The authors first discuss classic analog receiver architecture, reporting its disadvantages, and then present a receiver with a complete description of the electronic circuit. The intended use of the subsystem should be as a radiofrequency (RF) receiver chain in a low-cost dedicated MRI scanner (e.g., suitable for musculoskeletal limbs studies). The digital receiver consists of a passband (antialiasing) filter, an ADC (analog to digital converter) to digitalize the signal with the undersampling technique, and a DDC (digital down converter) for the frequency translation and filtering to process the signal using a PC. The use of the DDC guarantees perfect signals quadrature and high-performance filtering; moreover, it is adaptable to each modification of the system because of its programmability. Detailed specifications and hardware design of the digital receiver that is designed to be used in a dedicated MR scanner is provided, guaranteeing top performance and low cost. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 29B: 107–114, 2006
Synthesis of benzyl and benzyloxycarbonyl base-blocked 2'-deoxyribonucleosides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of benzyl and benzyloxycarbonyl base-blocked 2'-deoxyribonucleosidesBruce E. Watkins and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 23, 4471–4477Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00144a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00144a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views908Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature-dependent absolute refractive index measurements of synthetic fused silica (2006)

Using the Cryogenic, High-Accuracy Refraction Measuring System (CHARMS) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, we have measured the absolute refractive index of five specimens taken from a very large boule of Corning 7980 fused silica from temperatures ranging from 30 to 310 K at wavelengths from 0.4 to 2.6 microns with an absolute uncertainty of plus or minus 1 x 10 (exp -5). Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the plus or minus 2 x 10 (exp -8)/K level. Graphical and tabulated data for absolute refractive index, dispersion, and thermo-optic coefficient are presented for selected wavelengths and temperatures along with estimates of uncertainty in index. Coefficients for temperature-dependent Sellmeier fits of measured refractive index are also presented to allow accurate interpolation of index to other wavelengths and temperatures. We compare our results to those from an independent investigation (which used an interferometric technique for measuring index changes as a function of temperature) whose samples were prepared from the same slugs of material from which our prisms were prepared in support of the Kepler mission. We also compare our results with sparse cryogenic index data from measurements of this material from the literature.
Characterization of the <i>upp</i> gene encoding uracil phosphoribosyltransferase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (1992)

The upp gene coding for uracil phosphoribosyltransferase was subcloned on a 5-kb EcoRI restriction fragment along with the purMN operon. By a combination of complementation, deletion and minicell analyses, the upp gene was located adjacent to and divergently transcribed from the purMN operon. All three gene products could be identified in minicell extracts. The cloned upp gene shows an elevated expression upon uracil starvation. The nucleotide sequence and transcription start of the gene were determined. The sequence yields an open reading frame of 624 nucleotides encoding a protein of 22.5 kDa which is in agreement with the previously determined subunit Mr of the purified enzyme. A putative 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1-diphosphate (PRPP) binding site has been identified which is similar to the PRPP binding site of the yeast uracil phosphoribosyltransferase.
Upregulation of PD-L1 Expression by Prostaglandin E2 and the Enhancement of IFN-γ by Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Combined With a COX-2 Inhibitor in Mycoplasma bovis Infection (2020)

Bovine mycoplasmosis caused by <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> results in pneumonia and mastitis in cattle. We previously demonstrated that the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is involved in immune dysfunction during <i>M. bovis</i> infection and that prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) suppressed immune responses and upregulated PD-L1 expression in Johne's disease, a bacterial infection in cattle. In this study, we investigated the role of PGE<sub>2</sub> in immune dysfunction and the relationship between PGE<sub>2</sub> and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in <i>M. bovis</i> infection. <i>In vitro</i> stimulation with <i>M. bovis</i> upregulated the expressions of PGE<sub>2</sub> and PD-L1 presumably via Toll-like receptor 2 in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PGE<sub>2</sub> levels of peripheral blood in infected cattle were significantly increased compared with those in uninfected cattle. Remarkably, plasma PGE<sub>2</sub> levels were positively correlated with the proportions of PD-L1<sup>+</sup> monocytes in <i>M. bovis</i>-infected cattle. Additionally, plasma PGE<sub>2</sub> production in infected cattle was negatively correlated with <i>M. bovis</i>-specific interferon (IFN)-γ production from PBMCs. These results suggest that PGE<sub>2</sub> could be one of the inducers of PD-L1 expression and could be involved in immunosuppression during <i>M. bovis</i> infection. <i>In vitro</i> blockade assays using anti-bovine PD-L1 antibody and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor significantly upregulated the <i>M. bovis</i>-specific IFN-γ response. Our study findings might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for bovine mycoplasmosis that target PGE<sub>2</sub> and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
Synthesis of 6-Acetamido-5-amino- and -5-guanidino-3,4-dehydro-<i>N</i>-(2-ethylbutyryl)- 3-piperidinecarboxylic Acids Related to Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Neuraminidases (2000)

[reaction: see text] 6-Acetamido-5-amino- and -5-guanidino-3, 4-dehydro-N-(2-ethylbutyryl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acids (8 and 9) have been synthesized starting from natural siastatin B, a bacterial neuraminidase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces culture in a stereospecific fashion. These compounds are related to zanamivir and oseltamivir, inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidases.
Fuzzy modeling based on generalized conjunction operations (2002)

An approach to fuzzy modeling based on the tuning of parametric conjunction operations is proposed. First, some methods for the construction of parametric generalized conjunction operations simpler than the known parametric classes of conjunctions are considered and discussed. Second, several examples of function approximation by fuzzy models, based on the tuning of the parameters of the new conjunction operations, are given and their approximation performances are compared with the approaches based on a tuning of membership functions and other approaches proposed in the literature. It is seen that the tuning of the conjunction operations can be used for obtaining fuzzy models with a sufficiently good performance when the tuning of membership functions is not possible or not desirable.
A channel-whitening blind sequence estimation algorithm (2002)

In this paper, we propose the channel-whitening blind sequence estimation (CW-BSE) algorithm followed by a least square estimator for blind channel estimation, and analyze the performance of the CW-BSE algorithm. Simulation shows that when signal-to-noise ratio is larger than 8 dB, the mean squared error of estimated channel parameters achieves the Cramer-Rao bound for estimators using training sequence.
A Nano-Watt Dual-Mode Address Detector for a Wi-Fi Enabled RF Wake-up Receiver (2019)

A nano-watt dual-mode address detector is designed and implemented within a radio frequency wake- up receiver (WuRx). The WuRx operates at a frequency of 2.42 GHz with a sensitivity of -30 dBm. The designed address detector decodes an address obtained by pulse width modulation of bursts of Wi-Fi frames. The design achieves an ultra-low current consumption of 160 nA in listening state and 3.16 μA in the processing state. The WuRx is tested in an agricultural application for controlling soil moisture measurements. Experimental results and analysis indicate high robustness and extended sensor lifetime, demonstrating the design's effectiveness for emerging IoT applications.
Sensorless Illumination Control of a Networked LED-Lighting System Using Feedforward Neural Network (2013)

In order to resolve the problem of energy hunger nowadays, saving lighting energy in buildings contributes an important part. In this paper, a sensorless illumination control scheme for smart networked LED lighting has been investigated. The scheme is based on a feedforward neural network to model all the nonlinear and linear relationships inside the lighting system as the controlled plant. Because the scheme does not rely on lighting simulation software, it is flexible to be implemented on microcontrollers. The scheme, moreover, can provide not only high accuracy in modeling but also global optimum in energy saving. Without using light sensors in its control loop, the approach can save significant cost and provide ease of installation as well. In addition, it also has the strength of fast response owing to feedforward control based on neural networks. The experimental results show that the approach can easily attain more than 95% modeling accuracy and also improve more than 28% energy saving with its optimal nonlinear multiple-input multiple-output control.
RESEARCHES ON MERCAPTOTHIAZOLES. I (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON MERCAPTOTHIAZOLES. IJan Teppema and L. B. SebrellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 7, 1748–1758Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01406a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01406a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Role of ammonium nitrogen in the biogenesis of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium shermanii]. (1977)

The effect of different nitrogen sources on the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 ano porphyrins by suspensions of resting cells of Propionibacterium shermanii was investigated. In the absence of ammonium nitrogen vitamin B12 was not accumulated by the bacterial cell. This was also the case when its nitrogen containing precursor--delta-aminolevulinic acid was added to the incubation medium. The porphyrins biosynthesis was not changed. When amino acids and their amides were used as the sole nitrogen source, an intensive formation of vitamin B12 developed, if the medium contained aspartic acid, asparagine and cystein subjected to distinct deamination, and glutamine. The study of the composition of extracellular tetrapyrrole compounds showed an accumulation of corrinoil with free carboxyl groups in the incubation medium in the absence of ammonium salts. This corrinoid was identical to cobyrinic acid with respect to its spectral characteristics and behaviour during electrophoresis in phosphate buffer. Possible pathways of the involvement of ammonium nitrogen and glutamine in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and the role of amide groups in the binding of corrinoids with cell proteins are discussed.
De Novo Design of a Picomolar Nonbasic 5-HT<sub>1B</sub>Receptor Antagonist (2010)

We describe herein the discovery of novel, de novo designed, 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonists that lack a basic moiety and that provide improved hERG and in vitro phospholipidosis profiles. We used a known 5-HT(1B) antagonist template as our starting point and focused on replacing the piperazine moiety. Pyrazole-based ideas were designed and synthesized among a small library of piperazine replacements. To our knowledge, these are the first potent, nonbasic, functionally active antagonists of the 5-HT(1B) receptor.
Particulate and Vesicular Drug Carriers in the Management of Tuberculosis (2005)

Although oral drug therapy for tuberculosis exists and is widely followed, its major drawbacks are lack of patient compliance and development of adverse effects like hepatotoxicity on long term use. Absence of new therapeutic agents and the above mentioned demerits have led to search for alternative methods for delivery of antitubercular agents. Colloidal drug carriers, a popularly utilized delivery system has been deeply explored for the cause. The article discusses the advances in the management of tuberculosis by the use of particulate and vesicular drug carriers by parenteral, inhalational and oral routes. Use of this delivery strategy has led to massive reduction in the dosage resulting in toxicity alleviation. As a number of studies have already been undertaken in experimental models, it will be a promising tool in the prevention of relapse and successful treatment of tuberculosis in patients.
2DCC: Cache Compression in Two Dimensions (2020)

The importance of caches for performance, and their high silicon area cost, have motivated hardware solutions that transparently compress the cached data to increase effective capacity without sacrificing silicon area. To this end, prior work has taken one of two approaches: either (a) deduplicating identical cache blocks across the cache to take advantage of inter-block redundancy or (b) compressing common patterns within each cache block to take advantage of intra-block redundancy.(p)(/p)In this paper, we demonstrate that leveraging only one of these redundancy types leads to a significant loss in compression opportunities for several applications: some workloads exhibit either inter-block or intra-block redundancy, while others exhibit both. We propose 2DCC (Two Dimensional Cache Compression), a simple technique that takes advantage of both types of redundancy. Across the SPEC and Parsec benchmark suites, 2DCC results in a 2.12× compression factor (geomean) compared to 1.44-1.49× for best prior techniques on an iso-silicon basis. For the cache-sensitive subset of these benchmarks run in isolation, 2DCC also achieves a 11.7% speedup (geomean).