gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulating and Semiconducting Glasses (2000)

A review of principle topical issues on the basic science of glasses and amorphous thin-films. It also includes select applications of these materials in current and evolving technologies, including optical recording, imaging, solar cells, battery technology and field-emission displays. The glass systems of interest include oxides, chalcogenides and chalcohalides of the group III, IV and V elements, as well as amorphous thin-films of the group IV elements. Glass formation in covalent melts can be understood in terms of new ideas based on constraint counting algorithms which have led to the fragile-strong classification and to the concept of rigidity transition. Vibrational excitations and characterization of the atomic scale structure at various length scales are addressed by an array of experimental probes, including X-ray and neutron scattering, Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering and infrared reflectance, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear quadrupole resonance and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Chapters are also devoted to the physics of electronic transport in amorphous materials, to the physics of tunnelling states in crystalline and amorphous solids, and the physics of light-induced effects in glasses. In addition, a chapter is devoted to the rapidly-evolving field of numerical simulations of disordered systems by computer modelling. Each of these topics is discussed by experts who have made contributions to the field.
Ternary complexes in solution. Part 49. Intramolecular equilibria in metal ion complexes of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP4-): coordination of ammonia or imidazole to M(ATP)2- releases N-7 from the metal ion coordination sphere (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTernary complexes in solution. Part 49. Intramolecular equilibria in metal ion complexes of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP4-): coordination of ammonia or imidazole to M(ATP)2- releases N-7 from the metal ion coordination sphereRoger Tribolet, R. Bruce Martin, and Helmut SigelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 5, 638–643Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00252a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00252a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insulin Control of Glycogen Metabolism in Knockout Mice Lacking the Muscle-Specific Protein Phosphatase PP1G/R <sub>GL</sub> (2001)

The regulatory-targeting subunit (RGL), also called GM) of the muscle-specific glycogen-associated protein phosphatase PP1G targets the enzyme to glycogen where it modulates the activity of glycogen-metabolizing enzymes. PP1G/RGL has been postulated to play a central role in epinephrine and insulin control of glycogen metabolism via phosphorylation of RGL. To investigate the function of the phosphatase, RGL knockout mice were generated. Animals lacking RGL show no obvious defects. The RGL protein is absent from the skeletal and cardiac muscle of null mutants and present at approximately 50% of the wild-type level in heterozygotes. Both the level and activity of C1 protein are also decreased by approximately 50% in the RGL-deficient mice. In skeletal muscle, the glycogen synthase (GS) activity ratio in the absence and presence of glucose-6-phosphate is reduced from 0.3 in the wild type to 0.1 in the null mutant RGL mice, whereas the phosphorylase activity ratio in the absence and presence of AMP is increased from 0.4 to 0.7. Glycogen accumulation is decreased by approximately 90%. Despite impaired glycogen accumulation in muscle, the animals remain normoglycemic. Glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness are identical in wild-type and knockout mice, as are basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptakes in skeletal muscle. Most importantly, insulin activated GS in both wild-type and RGL null mutant mice and stimulated a GS-specific protein phosphatase in both groups. These results demonstrate that RGL is genetically linked to glycogen metabolism, since its loss decreases PP1 and basal GS activities and glycogen accumulation. However, PP1G/RGL is not required for insulin activation of GS in skeletal muscle, and rather another GS-specific phosphatase appears to be involved.
β-1,3-Glucan in Developing Cotton Fibers (1979)

Evidence is presented for the existence of a noncellulosic beta-1,3-glucan in cotton fibers. The glucan can be isolated as distinct fractions of varying solubility. When fibers are homogenized rigorously in aqueous buffer, part of the total beta-1,3-glucan is found as a soluble polymer in homogenates freed of cell walls. The proportion of total beta-1,3-glucan which is found as the soluble polymer varies somewhat as a function of fiber age. The insoluble fraction of the beta-1,3-glucan remains associated with the cell wall fraction. Of this cell wall beta-1,3-glucan, a variable portion can be solubilized by treatment of walls with hot water, a further portion can be solubilized by alkaline extraction of the walls, and 17 to 29% of the glucan remains associated with cellulose even after alkaline extraction. A portion of this glucan can also be removed from the cell walls of intact cotton fibers by digestion with an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase. The glucan fraction which can be isolated as a soluble polymer in homogenates freed of cell walls is not associated with membranous material, and we propose that it represents glucan which is also extracellular but not tightly associated with the cell wall. Enzyme digestion studies indicate that all of the cotton fiber glucan is beta-linked, and methylation analyses and enzyme studies both show that the predominant linkage in the glucan is 1 --> 3. The possibility of some minor branching at C-6 can also be deduced from the methylation analyses. The timing of deposition of the beta-1,3-glucan during fiber development coincides closely with the onset of secondary wall cellulose synthesis. Kinetic studies performed with ovules and fibers cultured in vitro show that incorporation of radioactivity from [(14)C]glucose into beta-1,3-glucan is linear with respect to time almost from the start of the labeling period; however, a lag is observed before incorporation into cellulose becomes linear with time, suggesting that these two different glucans are not polymerized directly from the same substrate pool. Pulse-chase experiments indicate that neither the beta-1,3-glucan nor cellulose exhibits significant turnover after synthesis.
Pushing the Boundaries of Molecular Representation for Drug Discovery with the Graph Attention Mechanism (2019)

Hunting for chemicals with favorable pharmacological, toxicological, and pharmacokinetic properties remains a formidable challenge for drug discovery. Deep learning provides us with powerful tools to build predictive models that are appropriate for the rising amounts of data, but the gap between what these neural networks learn and what human beings can comprehend is growing. Moreover, this gap may induce distrust and restrict deep learning applications in practice. Here, we introduce a new graph neural network architecture called Attentive FP for molecular representation that uses a graph attention mechanism to learn from relevant drug discovery data sets. We demonstrate that Attentive FP achieves state-of-the-art predictive performances on a variety of data sets and that what it learns is interpretable. The feature visualization for Attentive FP suggests that it automatically learns nonlocal intramolecular interactions from specified tasks, which can help us gain chemical insights directly from data beyond human perception.
Self-Organization of Microlens Arrays Caused by the Spin-Coating-Assisted Hydrophobic Effect (2006)

A simple, low-cost, low-temperature, and shape-controllable approach has been demonstrated to fabricate polymer microlens arrays (MLAs). By using microcontact printing of the self-assembled monolayers and then spin coating, the microlenses were able to organize themselves on the patterned glass substrate. High-quality MLAs made of NOA65 prepolymer with lens-diameters of 50, 75, and 100 mum have been fabricated by this method. Lens shapes can be controlled by changing the spin rates of the prepolymer coating. Optical measurements have revealed an excellent light-collecting capability from the fabricated MLAs. It is anticipated that the technique will be ideally suited to low-cost and high-volume production
Track Clustering Using Fréchet Distance and Minimum Description Length (2014)

Clustering of objects into similar groups that share some common attributes has been a problem of interest in the data-mining community. Applications of this sort include pattern recognition, data analysis, and image recognition. In one recent track data-mining application, a dataset of polygonal trajectories was analyzed to discover common subtrajectories. Recent approaches to the track data-mining problem have made use of either the principle of minimum description length or new metrics for computing the distance between objects with a polygonal shape. A new approach to the track clustering problem based on the Fréchet distance metric and the minimum description length principle is proposed and tested with the GeoLife dataset. This approach can be generalized for clustering any dataset of shapes on a metric space.
A phase 2 study of the oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (2007)

This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in adults with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients (n=252) received tipifarnib 600 mg twice a day for 21 days in 28-day cycles. Median age was 62 years; 99 (39%) patients were 65 years or older. Eleven (4%) of 252 patients achieved complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp; 9 CR and 2 CRp). Nineteen patients (8%), including those who achieved CR/CRp, achieved a reduction in bone marrow blasts to less than 5% blasts. Bone marrow blasts were reduced more than 50% in an additional 8 patients (total = 27; 11%). Median survival was 369 days for patients who achieved CR/CRp. Myelosuppression was the most common adverse event. The most common nonhematologic toxicities were fever, nausea, and hypokalemia. Single-agent treatment with tipifarnib induced durable CR/CRp, which was associated with prolonged survival, in some patients with refractory or relapsed AML. The response rate observed in this heavily pretreated group of patients suggests the requirement to enhance the response rate either by combining tipifarnib with other active agents or determining factors that are predictive of response.
Effect of Deuterium Anneal on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si(100) Interface Traps and Electron Spin Resonance Signals of Ultrathin SiO<sub>2</sub> Films (1993)

Anneal kinetics of the SiO 2 /Si(100) interface defects of 5-nm-thick SiO 2 films have been investigated through comparison of the electron spin resonance (ESR) center with the interface trap density D i t . The ESR signal showed two distinct defects (so-called P b0 and P b1 ) at the SiO 2 /Si(100) interface: These P b0 and P b1 defects are annihilated by a low-temperature (500°C) deuterium (D 2 ) anneal. By contrast, the D 2 anneal at 900°C causes an increase in the number of the defects after a decrease at the initial stage (< 10 s). We conclude that there are annihilation and dissociation processes causing the P b0 and P b1 defects, dependent on the D 2 anneal time and temperature.
The National Polyp Study (1993)

Winawer, S J; Zauber, A G; Ho, M N; Gottlieb, L S; Sternberg, S S; Stewart, E T; Bond, J H; Schapiro, M; Panish, J F; Waye, J D; Kurtz, R C; Shike, M Author Information
A Statistical Model-Based Cell-to-Cell Variability Management of Li-ion Battery Pack (2014)

The cell-to-cell variability of batteries is a well-known problem particularly when it comes to the assembly of large battery packs. Different battery cells exhibit substantial variability due to manufacturing tolerances, which should be assessed and managed carefully. Such variability has been approached mostly from the point of view of the chemical and physical phenomena, but these solutions are normally too complicated for the system-level design of electric applications. This paper proposes a combined cell-to-cell variability model of the capacity and internal resistance of a Li-ion battery that accounts for the variability effects in the cell manufacturing process. The proposed model allows to verify some known properties, such as the correlation between the capacity and internal resistance, to be verified qualitatively and the amount of variability and its impact on the design of battery packs to be assessed quantitatively. Using this model, the issue of how to consider the variability when constructing battery packs was also addressed. Modern battery packs normally incorporate some cell balancing circuitry, which is meant to balance cell voltages during charging at the expense of a bypassed (unstored) charge. For discharge, the cell-to-cell variability hides a part of the usable capacity of the battery pack. This paper proposes the use of variability information to assemble battery packs with minimal intracolumn variance of capacity. A weight-based variance minimization method, based on the correlation between cell capacity and weight is proposed to avoid resorting to direct battery capacity measurements, which is time-consuming and requires costly measurement equipment. The simulation result shows that the proposed weight-based approach allows an acceptable management of the cell-to-cell variability without the discharging experiment.
The 1,3-dimethoxytrimethylene bridge as two latent carboxyl groups: synthesis of <i>cis</i>-isoaposantenic and <i>cis</i>-apocamphoric acids (1981)

The syntheses of cis-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cis-cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cis-isoaposantenic acid, and cis-apocamphoric acid are described. The key step of each synthesis is the bromine oxidation of an appropriate bicyclic compound in which a 1,3-dimethoxytrimethylene bridge is converted into two cis-carboxyl groups.
Compact Wideband LNA With Gain and Input Matching Bandwidth Extensions by Transformer (2017)

This letter presents a compact wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) with utilizing the transformers for gain and input matching bandwidth extensions based on the source degeneration topology. The wideband gain response is achieved by using a transformer gate-drain feedback technique to peak the gain at high frequency while the wideband input matching is obtained by employing a new transformer-based input matching network to produce two resonant points separately located at low and high frequencies within the operating band. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS process, the proposed LNA shows a measured peak gain of 10.2 dB with its 3-dB bandwidth ranging from 15.8 to 30.3 GHz and minimum noise figure of 3.3 dB. Taking advantage of the superior compactness from the transformer-based techniques, the LNA occupies very compact chip area of only 0.18 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , exhibiting as one of the most compact wideband LNAs.
Transition‐Metal Thiolates: From Molecular Fragments of Sulfidic Solids to Models for Active Centers in Biomolecules (1991)

Abstract Thiolates are presently a subject of great interest in the chemistry of complexes involving transition‐metal elements and soft ligands. The manifold electronic and steric capabilities offered by the monodentate ligands RS ⊖ and the bidentate chelate ligands ⊖ SRS ⊖ have been used to stabilize a broad spectrum of mononuclear, oligomeric, and polymeric complexes with new and remarkable structures and properties. Impetus has especially been provided by the synthesis of polynuclear cagelike homo‐ and heteroleptic metal–sulfur frameworks, which can often be regarded as “molecular fragments” of the structures of inorganic sulfides. Thiolates and mixed sulfide‐thiolates of the late open‐ and closed‐shell 3d metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and some of their homologues (Au, Cd, Hg), as well as of Mo, are of particular importance as model complexes for biologically important metal centers coordinated by sulfur. They have played an important role in increasing our understanding of the structure, bonding, and function of the reactive centers in ferredoxins, rubredoxins, nitrogenases, blue copper proteins, metallothioneins, and antiarthritic drugs.
A Mechanism Design Approach to Resource Procurement in Cloud Computing (2013)

We present a cloud resource procurement approach which not only automates the selection of an appropriate cloud vendor but also implements dynamic pricing. Three possible mechanisms are suggested for cloud resource procurement: cloud-dominant strategy incentive compatible (C-DSIC), cloud-Bayesian incentive compatible (C-BIC), and cloud optimal (C-OPT). C-DSIC is dominant strategy incentive compatible, based on the VCG mechanism, and is a low-bid Vickrey auction. C-BIC is Bayesian incentive compatible, which achieves budget balance. C-BIC does not satisfy individual rationality. In C-DSIC and C-BIC, the cloud vendor who charges the lowest cost per unit QoS is declared the winner. In C-OPT, the cloud vendor with the least virtual cost is declared the winner. C-OPT overcomes the limitations of both C-DSIC and C-BIC. C-OPT is not only Bayesian incentive compatible, but also individually rational. Our experiments indicate that the resource procurement cost decreases with increase in number of cloud vendors irrespective of the mechanisms. We also propose a procurement module for a cloud broker which can implement C-DSIC, C-BIC, or C--OPT to perform resource procurement in a cloud computing context. A cloud broker with such a procurement module enables users to automate the choice of a cloud vendor among many with diverse offerings, and is also an essential first step toward implementing dynamic pricing in the cloud.
An innovative architecture for industrial controller (2003)

The authors describe an innovative architecture for industrial controller design. The design alleviates the shortcomings of slow communication, poor resolution, and separate digital and analog input/output (I/O) boards commonly found in the currently available controllers. There are dual processors in the board, one processor for communication and the main processor for executing the control program. A piggyback analog I/O module can be installed on the digital I/O board. The controller board design reduces the communication interface overhead, accommodates various communication protocols, and offers an efficient way of integrating analog and digital I/O functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multistream Articulatory Feature-Based Models for Visual Speech Recognition (2009)

We study the problem of automatic visual speech recognition (VSR) using dynamic Bayesian network (DBN)-based models consisting of multiple sequences of hidden states, each corresponding to an articulatory feature (AF) such as lip opening (LO) or lip rounding (LR). A bank of discriminative articulatory feature classifiers provides input to the DBN, in the form of either virtual evidence (VE) (scaled likelihoods) or raw classifier margin outputs. We present experiments on two tasks, a medium-vocabulary word-ranking task and a small-vocabulary phrase recognition task. We show that articulatory feature-based models outperform baseline models, and we study several aspects of the models, such as the effects of allowing articulatory asynchrony, of using dictionary-based versus whole-word models, and of incorporating classifier outputs via virtual evidence versus alternative observation models.
Texture in tissue echograms. Speckle or information? (1990)

Models of biological tissues are described in terms of acoustic parameters and of structure. Beam formation is discussed for continuous wave and pulsed modes of transducer operation and the concept of the point spread function (PSF) is introduced. The PSF is equivalent to the resolution cell, or the sampling volume, of echographic equipment. The generation of echograms from parenchymal tissues is described in terms of speckle formation due to interference at reception on the transducer. The speckle dimensions are quantitatively compared to the sampling volume of the employed transducer. It is shown that for fully developed speckle the tissue characteristics are exclusively reflected in the mean echolevel and not in the speckle size. The speckle size is, however, greatly dependent on the bandwidth, the frequency, and the geometry of the employed transducer. The attenuation by the insonated tissue yields a depth-dependent increase of mainly the lateral speckle size, in addition to the depth dependence caused by the beam formation. If the number density of scattering sites within the tissue is relatively low, the speckle characteristics are dependent on this density and, hence, tissue characterization is feasible if these characteristics are analyzed by statistical methods. These methods are gray level histogram analysis and the estimation of the autocorrelation function, ie, first and second order statistics, respectively. Structural order in tissues can be quantified by autocorrelation analysis and clinical studies on diffuse liver diseases support this conclusion. The effects of pre- and postprocessing on the detectability of focal lesions are outlined. The impact of multifocus systems and of the acquisition of radio frequency echograms on further developments of clinical echography is discussed.