gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global molecular changes in rat livers treated with <scp>RXR</scp> agonists: a comparison using transcriptomics and proteomics (2014)

Abstract The ability of the retinoid X receptors ( RXR s) specific agonists (targretin [ TRG ] and UAB 30) to alter rat liver gene and protein expression was determined using Affymetrix Exon arrays and high‐performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry ( LC ‐ MS / MS ). TRG profoundly increases triglycerides levels while UAB 30 does not. The expression patterns of transcripts or proteins from rat liver treated with TRG or UAB ‐30 were different from controls and each other. There were six times more gene transcripts identified than proteins. Differentially expressed RNA s or proteins were mapped into known gene ontology ( GO ) categories and GeneGo Metacore ( KEGG ) pathway maps. The GO categories which were highly overrepresented with differentially expressed RNA s ( P < 10 −16 ) were also overrepresented at the protein level. This high concordance of G O Terms was achieved despite the fact that typically ≤1/3 of the elements identified by gene expression were identified by proteomics. Within these GO categories, the magnitude of alterations induced by RXR agonists at the transcript and protein levels were correlated. When GO categories with moderate overrepresentation (10 −5 < P < 10 −9 ) were examined, there was greater discordance between the transcript and protein data. Examination of KEGG pathway maps with highly significant changes at both the protein and the RNA levels showed that the individual proteins/genes altered were often the same and changes were of similar magnitude; while KEGG pathways showed limited statistical significance and exhibited minimal overlap. Finally, metabolomics analysis of liver and serum identified altered expression of metabolites related to fatty acid oxidation and bile acid metabolism that were consistent with transcript/protein changes. We observed significant concordance between genomics and proteomics implying either can identify pathways modulated and can indirectly predict resulting physiologic effects.
Plant Closings and ERISA's Noninterference Provision (1994)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/35937/2/b1711970.0001.001.pdf
Voltage-dependent potentiation of L-type Ca2+ channels in skeletal muscle cells requires anchored cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1994)

Skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channels respond to trains of brief depolarizations with a strong shift of the voltage dependence of channel activation toward more negative membrane potentials and slowing of channel deactivation. Increased Ca2+ entry resulting from this potentiation of channel activity may increase contractile force in response to tetanic stimuli. This voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel potentiation requires phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) at a rate that suggests that kinase and channel may be maintained in close proximity through kinase anchoring. A peptide derived from the conserved kinase-binding domain of a PKA-anchoring protein (AKAP) prevents potentiation by endogenous PKA as effectively as inhibition of PKA by a specific peptide inhibitor or by omission of ATP from the intracellular solution. In contrast, a proline-substituted mutant of AKAP peptide has no effect. Potentiation in the presence of 2 microM exogenous catalytic subunit of PKA is unaffected, indicating that kinase anchoring is specifically blocked by the AKAP peptide. No effects of these agents were observed on the level or voltage dependence of basal Ca2+ channel activity before potentiation, suggesting that close physical proximity between the skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel and PKA is critical for voltage-dependent potentiation of Ca2+ channel activity but not for basal activity.
Capture Pumping Technology: An Introduction (1991)

Chapter headings and selected sections: Basic Theory. Pump capacity. Understanding pump behavior. The ideal gas assumptions. Counting molecules (or atoms). Density, pressure and molecular velocities. Vapor pressure. Mean free path. Thermal conductivity of gases. Pumping speed, a convenient abstraction. Throughput. Conductance, another convenient abstraction. Voltage, current and impedance analogies. Dalton's law and linear superposition. Selective and variable pumping speed. Measuring pump speed. System diagnostics with any pump. Electrical discharges in gases. Sputter-Ion Pumping. The penning cell. Pumping speed abstraction. The making of sputter-ion pumps. Diode pumps. Noble gas instabilities. The triode pump. The differential sputtering pump. Hydrogen pumping. Transient speed effects. Pumping gas mixtures. High pressure operation. Pumping elements located in antechambers or pockets. Pump power supplies. Magnet designs. Titanium Sublimation Pumping. Sticking coefficients. Pump speed vs. sticking coefficient . Synthesis, displacement and dissociation of gases. Sublimation sources. Combination pumping. Advantages and disadvantages of TSP pumping. Nonevaporable Getters (NEG). Mechanical features. NEG pumping mechanisms. Advantages and disadvantages of NEGs. Cryopumping. Cryocondensation vs. cryosorption. Sorption roughing pumps. Liquid helium cryopumps. Closed-loop, gaseous helium cryopumps. Closed-loop, gaseous helium refrigerators. Subject Index. Author Index.
Fortifying Laboratory Inquiry Through the Use of Scientific Articles (1968)

Using scientific articles in teaching is in itself no innovation. Baumel and Berger (1965) provided an excellent approach to this task. I find no argument with the format they proposed. However, I do question their statement which follows concerning student outcomes from such experiences.
Determination of Microwave Two-Port Noise Parameters Through Computer-Aided Frequency-Conversion Techniques (1979)

A method to determine noise parameters of microwave linear two-ports (transistors) is presented which is based on a two-channel noise temperature measuring system and an analycal data procesing procedure. As compared with the one-channel measurements and the graphical processing techniques, the method offers advantages from both accuracy and experiment viewpoints. Experimental verification related to noise parameters determination for a microwave transistor as function of frequency in S band are reported.
Transparent checkpoint-restart of multiple processes on commodity operating systems (2007)

The ability to checkpoint a running application and restart it later can provide many useful benefits including fault recovery, advanced resources sharing, dynamic load balancing and improved service availability. However, applications often involve multiple processes which have dependencies through the operating system. We present a transparent mechanism for commodity operating systems that can checkpoint multiple processes in a consistent state so that they can be restarted correctly at a later time. We introduce an efficient algorithm for recording process relationships and correctly saving and restoring shared state in a manner that leverages existing operating system kernel functionality. We have implemented our system as a loadable kernel module and user-space utilities in Linux. We demonstrate its ability on real-world applications to provide transparent checkpoint-restart functionality without modifying, recompiling, or relinking applications, libraries, or the operating system kernel. Our results show checkpoint and restart times 3 to 55 times faster than OpenVZ and 5 to 1100 times faster than Xen. 1
Raman microprobe determination of local crystal orientation (1986)

The analysis of local crystal orientation with micron spatial resolution is of prime importance in understanding the dynamics of crystal growth processes with potential for device applications. Examples of such processes are laser annealing, lateral epitaxial growth over oxides, and molecular-beam-epitaxial growth over structured substrates. We present here a nondestructive technique for obtaining such information based on polarization selective Raman scattering from near-diffraction limited O(1 μm) regions of the sample. Depth resolution is limited by the optical penetration depth at the laser wavelength, which is on the order of 1.0 μm for Si at visible wavelengths. By rastering the sample with respect to the probe laser beam, maps of the local crystal orientation can be obtained. Abrupt changes in crystal orientation at grain boundaries are readily apparent. This paper details the experimental apparatus and the method for extracting local crystal orientation information for the particular case of Si. Experiments on single crystals of known orientation are presented which confirm our theoretical predictions and serve to calibrate the technique. Practical examples of mapping of laser annealed silicon-on-oxide structures are given. The analysis shows the loss of the lateral epitaxial seed, with many grains exhibiting 〈110〉 surface normals, in agreement with qualitative results obtained from a destructive selective chemical-etching procedure. Signal intensities are such that orientation information at a single point can be recorded in less than 30 s, thus providing the potential for a real time in situ monitor of slow growth processes.
Mercury as a health hazard. (1987)

Pink disease has virtually disappeared since teething powders were withdrawn. We describe a case in a boy who was exposed to metallic mercury vapour. We discuss the potential health hazard of spilled elemental mercury in the house and the difficulties of removing it from the environment.
Genetic transformation of germinated conidia of the thermophilic fungus<i>Humicola grisea</i>var.<i>thermoidea</i>to hygromycin B resistance (1998)

Germinated conidia of the thermophilic fungus Humicola grisea var. thermoidea were transformed to hygromycin B resistance using the plasmid pAN7.1. Transformation was achieved using lithium acetate treatment or electroporation. The efficiency of transformation was up to 32 and 25 transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA with the two methods, respectively. Transformants obtained by the lithium acetate method were more stable and showed a high copy number of the hph gene integrated into their genome. The other transformants, from the electroporation procedure, were stable, but unable to grow in the presence of high levels of hygromycin, and detection of the hph gene was only possible by polymerase chain reaction analysis.
Protective effect of luteolin against chemical and natural toxicants by targeting <scp>NF‐κB</scp> pathway (2022)

Humans are continuously exposed to environmental, occupational, consumer and household products, food, and pharmaceutical substances. Luteolin, a flavone from the flavonoids family of compounds, is found in different fruits and vegetables. LUT is a strong anti-inflammatory (via inhibition of NF-κB, ERK1/2, MAPK, JNK, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and antioxidant agent (reducing ROS and enhancement of endogenous antioxidants). LUT can chelate transition metal ions responsible for ROS generation and consequently repress lipoxygenase. It has been proven that NF-κB, as a commom cellular pathway plays a considerable role in the progression of inflammatory process and stimulates the expression of genes encoding inducible pro-inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. This review summarizes the available literature discussing LUT and its potential protective role against pharmaceuticals-, metals-, and environmental compounds-induced toxicities. Furthermore, the review explains the involved protective mechanisms, especially inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
Premature menopause in a multi-ethnic population study of the menopause transition (2003)

The prevalence of POF appears to vary by ethnicity. Health factors associated with POF also vary by ethnicity but because of the cross-sectional study design, it is not possible to determine cause and effect relationships. Health risks of POF would benefit from further study.
A tutorial on multiple access technologies for beyond 3G mobile networks (2005)

In this article, some fundamental technical concepts of the main multiple access schemes for wireless mobile systems are reviewed, and a path for the development of appropriate multiple access technologies for next-generation mobile networks, or so-called beyond 3G (B3G), is established. We first review the multiple access technologies in second- and third-generation wireless cellular systems from historical and technical points of view. This review is followed by a novel formulization of the multiple access schemes through mathematical expressions that could simplify the process of development of new multiple access schemes for B3G wireless cellular systems. We then list the most important features of multiple access schemes in 3G mobile systems. Finally, we conclude the article by reviewing the most promising multiple access technologies for B3G mobile cellular systems.
2-(1-Naphthyloxy)ethylamines with Enhanced Affinity for Human 5-HT<sub>1D</sub><sub>β</sub> (h5-HT<sub>1B</sub>) Serotonin Receptors (1997)

Although the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (1) binds at rodent 5-HT1B serotonin receptors, it displays low affinity (Ki > 10,000 nM) for its species homologue 5-HT1D beta (i.e., h5-HT1B) receptors. The structure of propranolol was systematically modified in an attempt to enhance its affinity for the latter population of receptors. Removal of the alkyl hydroxyl group, shortening of the O-alkyl chain from three to two methylene groups, and variation of the terminal amine substituent resulted in compounds, such as N-monomethyl-2-(1-naphthyloxy)-ethylamine (11; Ki = 26 nM), that display significantly higher h5-HT1B affinity than propranolol. Compound 11 was shown to bind equally well at human 5-HT1D alpha (h5-HT1D) receptors (Ki = 34 nM) and was further demonstrated to possess h5-HT1B agonist character in an adenylate cyclase assay. It would appear that such (aryloxy)alkylamines may represent a novel class of 5-HT1D receptor agonists.
Development of a mobile learning model with usability features for online education (2008)

The paper studied the interactive features that are crucial to the success of mobile learning (m-learning). First, the paper developed an interactive m-learning model with six interactive modules to analyse interactive usability features among instructor, student, and content. These modules were further decomposed and 76 features were identified. Secondly, the Interactive M-Learning Questionnaire (IMLQ) was developed to quantitatively measure these interactive m-learning usability features. Thirdly, data were collected using IMLQ from 96 subjects. Factor analysis resulted in the identification of 15 interactive m-learning dimensions. A comparison between modules showed that people have no different preferences on different modules.
Early atmospheric detection of carbon dioxide from carbon capture and storage sites (2016)

This work contributes to the development of a cost-effective technology for the early detection of leaks from sites where CO2 has been injected into the subsurface to enhance oil recovery or to permanently store the gas as a strategy for mitigating climate change. Such technology will be important in building public confidence regarding the safety and security of carbon capture and storage sites.
Action-Selection in Hamsterdam: Lessons from Ethology (1994)

A computational model of action-selection is presented, which by drawing on ideas from Ethology, addresses a number of problems which have been noted in models proposed to date including the need for greater control over the temporal aspects of behavior, the need for a loose hierarchical structure with information sharing, and the need for a flexible means of modeling the influence of internal and external factors. The paper draws on arguments from Ethology as well as on computational considerations to show why these are important aspects of any action-selection mechanism for animats which must satisfy multiple goals in a dynamic environment. The computational model is summarized, and its use in Hamsterdam, an object-oriented tool kit for modeling animal behavior is discussed briefly. Results are presented which demonstrate the power and usefulness of the novel features incorporated in the algorithm.
Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Phenolic Compounds and Estrogens in Surface and Drinking Water by HRGC−(NCI)−MS in the Picogram per Liter Range (2001)

A method for the analysis of phenolic estrogenic active compounds in surface and drinking water in the picogram per liter range is described. Besides the widely used monomer bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol [4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol] and the technical isomer mixture of 4-nonylphenol; phenolic steroid hormones such as the endogenous estrogens estrone, 17α-estradiol, and 17β-estradiol; and the exogenous estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol were determined in water at the 20−200 pg/L level. Water samples from 1 to 5 L were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on a cartridge system containing LiChrolut EN as sorbent. The phenols and steroids were converted into their pentafluorobenzoylate esters in an extractive derivatization reaction. The derivatives were then determined by high-resolution gas chromatography with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection (HRGC−(NCI)−MS) in the selected ion mode (SIM). All results were also confirmed by HRGC with electron capture detection (ECD). This highly sensitive and specific method gives a limit of detection (LOD) of 20 pg/L for bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol in drinking water samples and 50 pg/L in STW effluent, respectively. The LODs for technical 4-nonylphenol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and other estrogens are in the range of 50 pg/L in drinking water to 200 pg/L in STW effluent, respectively. In all river water samples in southern Germany, bisphenol A was found in concentrations ranging from 500 pg/L up to 16 ng/L, 4-nonylphenol was from 6 up to 135 ng/L, and the steroids were from 200 pg/L up to 5 ng/L. In drinking water, bisphenol A was found in concentrations ranging from 300 pg/L to 2 ng/L, 4-nonylphenol was from 2 to 15 ng/L, 4-tert-octylphenol was from 150 pg/L to 5 ng/L, and the steroids were from 100 pg/L to 2 ng/L. Mean recoveries over the whole analytical protocol, measured in bidistilled water, generally exceeded 70%. These results indicate that environmental endocrine-disrupting estrogens are not completely removed in the process of sewage treatment but are carried over into the general aquatic environment. After ground passage, they can eventually be found in drinking water.
Residue threonine‐149 of the <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> CysB transcription activator: mutations causing constitutive expression of positively regulated genes of the cysteine regulon (1994)

In both Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, CysB is a LysR family transcriptional activator, which regulates genes of the cysteine regulon. Transcription activation of cys genes also requires an inducer, N-acetyl-L-serine, and cysB mutants that do not require inducer are termed constitutive, i.e. cysBc. After finding that two independently isolated cysBc mutants are substituted at amino acid residue threonine-149 (T149), we isolated the other 17 single-amino-acid substitutions by site-directed mutagenesis. Of the 19 mutant alleles, 11 supported normal growth on sulphate, and nine of these were cysBc. Four other mutants were 'leaky' cysB+, and four were cysB-. Insertions of up to 14 amino acids were also tolerated at T149, and two of three such mutants were cysBc. An allele containing a TAG translation terminator at codon 149 had no detectable function in a delta cysB strain, but gave a constitutive phenotype when introduced into either wild-type S. typhimurium or the E. coli strain NK1, which contains a cysB- mutation in a predicted helix-turn-helix region that interferes with specific binding of CysB to DNA and with autoregulation of cysB. The peptide encoded by the T149ter allele is proposed to interact with the wild-type CysB peptide or with the NK1 mutant peptide to form hetero-oligomers that do not require N-acetyl-L-serine for cys gene activation.
PUCs demo (2013)

Capacitive multi-touch displays are designed to detect touches from fingers that often change the location. This is quite the opposite of our goal: detect passive objects placed on them. In fact, these systems usually contain filters to actively reject such inactive input data. We present a technical analysis of this problem and introduce Passive Untouched Capacitive Widgets (PUCs). Unlike previous approaches, PUCs do not require power, they can be made entirely transparent, and they do not require internal electrical or software modifications. Most importantly they are detected reliably even when no user is touching them.
Herodotus: A Peer-to-Peer Web Archival System (2002)

In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of Herodotus, a peer-to-peer web archival system. Like the Wayback Machine, a website that currently offers a web archive, Herodotus periodically crawls the world wide web and stores copies of all downloaded web content. Unlike the Wayback Machine, Herodotus does not rely on a centralized server farm. Instead, many individual nodes spread out across the Internet collaboratively perform the task of crawling and storing the content. This allows a large group of people to contribute idle computer resources to jointly achieve the goal of creating an Internet archive. Herodotus uses replication to ensure the persistence of data as nodes join and leave. Herodotus is implemented on top of Chord, a distributed peer-to-peer lookup service. It is written in C++ on FreeBSD. Our analysis based on an estimated size of the World Wide Web shows that a set of 20,000 nodes would be required to archive the entire web, assuming that each node has a
Human somatic cell nuclear transfer. (2008)

Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (hSCNT) is a required procedure before derivation of autologous embryonic stem cells (ESC) for clinical treatment. The debate between ethical concerns and the potential for clinical application is still ongoing. Currently, the milestone of deriving hSCNT blastocysts has been achieved. The developmental mechanism for SCNT is similar to the developmental mechanism for fertilized embryos without sperm fertilization. The hSCNT procedure consists of enucleating an oocyte and replacing with a donor somatic cell nucleus; this procedure is more difficult than a parthenogenetic procedure. The difficulties of SCNT involve the cell cycle synchronization between the donor nucleus and arrested ooplasm, suboptimal activation of reconstructed "zygotes", suboptimal culture condition, and incomplete genetic remodeling/epigenetic modification. There are protocols intended to overcome the difficulties, but no center has derived hSCNT ESC yet.