gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Shortest Path Plan Method for Mobile Robot (1995)

An autonomous robot must have a real-time path plan satisfying environmental changes and unknown situations. The obstacle avoidance is one of the problem in the path plan.This research has addresses the realization of real-time generating the path of large area obstacle avoidance in the already-known environment based on consept of the neural network and the graph processing. This reports propose the technique for generating the shortest path based on a parallel algorithm. This path planning simulation with EWS (hp 9000/715) required less than 1 seconds. Supposing that each of elements independently renews the parameter, the present technique is the useful one for path plan of an autonomous robot.
Robust Camera Calibration using TSK Fuzzy Modeling (2007)

Camera calibration in machine vision is the process of determining the intrinsic camera parameters and the three-dimensional (3D) position and orientation of the camera frame relative to a certain world coordinate system. On the other hand, Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy system is a very popular fuzzy system and approximates any nonlinear function to arbitrary accuracy with only a small number of fuzzy rules. It demonstrates not only nonlinear behavior but also transparent structure. In this paper, we present a novel and simple technique for camera calibration for machine vision using TSK fuzzy model. The proposed method divides the world into some regions according to camera view and uses the clustered 3D geometric knowledge. TSK fuzzy system is employed to estimate the camera parameters by combining partial information into complete 3D information. The experiments are performed to verify the proposed camera calibration.
Antihypertensive Efficacy of Cilazapril 2.5 and 5.0 mg Once-Daily Versus Placebo on Office Blood Pressure and 24-Hour Blood Pressure Profile (1994)

Summary In a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study the antihypertensive efficacy of cilazapril 5.0 and 2.5 mg once daily vs. placebo was examined on 180 ambulatory hypertensive subjects with supine diastolic office blood pressure (OBP) 3 ≥ 95 and ≤ 115 mm Hg: a 4-week, single-blind, placebo period was followed by a 4-week double-blind treatment period. At the beginning and end of the latter, OBP measurements and ambulatory 24-h BP monitoring (ABPM) were both carried out on two different days (3 ± 1), whereby each time two 24-h BP recordings were made using SpaceLabs 90202. Measurements were made every 30 min, and actual waking and sleeping phase evaluation was done using diary entries. White coat hypertensive patients were excluded by the ambulatory BP (ABP) inclusion criterion: mean diastolic 24-h BP ≥ 85 mm Hg, or frequency of measurements > 90 mm Hg 5 ≥ 35%. One-hundred eighty patients were included in the study. Safety was evaluated in 170 of these patients, and efficacy on OBP in 162. Twenty-four-hour BP recordings that were amenable to analysis were available in the case of 146 patients (average age 56 ± 10 years, 56 women, 90 men). The results of the main target variable for OBP, namely responder rates, were in the three treatment groups: placebo, 39.6%; cilazapril 2.5 mg, 55.6%; and cilazapril 5.0 mg, 65.5%. All three treatment groups revealed a statistically significant effect (p < 0.001) on the reduction of mean BP values: placebo from 161.6/102.2 to 149.4/94.7 mm Hg, cilazapril 2.5 mg from 162.9/102.1 to 149.7/92.0 mm Hg, and cilazapril 5.0 mg from 158.4/100.6 to 145.6/90.5 mm Hg. In contrast to OBP data, the analysis of the 24-h ABP profile showed a significant global antihypertensive effect on systolic and diastolic mean values only in the case of the two cilazapril dosages (p < 0.001). The drop in 24-h mean values was as follows: placebo from 148.3/91.7 to 146.1/90.1, cilazapril 2.5 mg from 151.0/93.3 to 143.6/88.9, cilazapril 5.0 mg from 148.0/92.2 to 140.8/86.1. Analysis of the placebo effect using OBP measurement and ABPM led to completely opposing conclusions. In OBP measurement, a highly significant antihypertensive 24-h trough effect is simulated. In 24-h BP, the placebo effect is slight and restricted to a limited time interval (approximately 8 h) during the active waking phase. Both cilazapril groups had equipotent antihypertensive effects on systolic BP but distinctly dose dependent effects on diastolic BP. Both dosages demonstrated a continuous BP control, especially during the critical early morning waking-getting-up phase. Cilazapril 2.5 and 5.0 mg once daily was well tolerated.
Improved Modeling of Electromagnetic Localization for Implantable Wireless Capsules (2010)

An electromagnetic localization method for implantable wireless capsules has been developed that employs a three-axial magnetic sensor embedded in the capsules and three energized coils attached on the abdomen. In order to further improve the localization accuracy, a novel localization model has been derived based on the Biot-Savart Law. For simplicity of the calculation without increasing the position error, the method of truncated series expansion has been used in modeling. The experiment showed that the improved model had higher precision than the original dipole model. Using the improved model, the localization error can be greatly reduced. The improved model is an elementary math function and suitable for resolving some inverse magnetic problems in engineering.
Methane and Solid Carbon Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2011)

Mechanics and performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been investigated with methane and solid carbon as fuels.The work with methane fuels investigated methane reactions on Ni/YSZ and deactivation of Ni/YSZ.The Cu-Ni/YSZ anode was developed to resist the coking and sustain the durability of Ni/YSZ anodes.The results of Ni/YSZ deactivation showed that the coking caused by methane was fast (i.e., less than 5 min) and irreversible.A combined in situ infrared (IR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) complemented the deactivation studies in open circuit and suggested that CH 4 reactions on Ni/YSZ followed (i) dissociation of C-H bond, (ii) initial oxidation of adsorbed carbon to CO 2 and CO followed by depletion of lattice oxygen, and (iii) accumulation of carbon on the anode surface.The Cu-Ni/YSZ anode was made by electroless plating copper on Ni/YSZ anodes.Addition of copper slowed down the C-H dissociation and carbon accumulation from CH 4 by formation of Cu-Ni alloy, which was tolerant to coking and sulfur.The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful copper deposition on Ni/YSZ anodes.The maximum power density of 125 mW cm -2 was achieved using the Cu-Ni/YSZ anode in CH 4 (100 ml min -1 ) at 750 C.A preparation protocol of copper plating on the anode of SOFCs was established for the applications of coking resistant methane-and carbon-based SOFCs.The work with solid carbon fuels tested the feasibility of direct use of solid carbon on SOFCs for power generation and investigated the chemical reactions involved.Two iv types of solid carbon: biomass-derived coconut coke and bituminous Ohio #5 coke, were used on carbon-based SOFCs (C-SOFCs).The results showed that biomass-based coconut coke exhibited a higher oxidation and gasification reactivity than bituminous Ohio # 5 coke due to higher content of functional groups and alkali metals.The power generation from coconut coke produced a power density of 140 mW cm -2 continuously over 15 h and an electrical efficiency of 51.82 % based on CO 2 production at 800 C.Transient techniques consisting of pulse injection and step switch showed that both Boudouard reaction (C+CO 2 2CO) and CO electrochemical oxidation contributed to power generation of carbon fuel cells.The carrier gas flow rates also affected these gaseous reactions on C-SOFCs by changing the residence time of gas species and their concentration.The results showed that low carrier gas flow rates increased residence time of CO, thereby increasing its contribution to current generation.The contribution of CO oxidation to current generation was estimated to 66 % at the carrier gas flow rate of 50 ml min -1 .The pulse transient studies confirmed the effect of flow rates on cell performance and also revealed that CO and CO 2 can displace adsorbed hydrogen on carbon fuels.The results demonstrated the successful utilization of solid carbon on Ni/YSZ anode supported SOFCs for power generation and provided the insight of reaction mechanisms for development of carbon-based fuel cells.
Optimal decoding in fading channels: a combined envelope, multiple differential and coherent detection approach (2003)

A maximum likelihood sequential decoder for the reception of digitally modulated signals with single or multiamplitude constellations transmitted over a multiplicative, nonselective fading channel is derived. It is shown that its structure consists of a combination of envelope, multiple differential, and coherent detectors. The outputs of each of these detectors are jointly processed by means of an algorithm. This algorithm is presented in a recursive form. The derivation of the new receiver is general enough to accommodate uncoded as well as coded (e.g. trellis-coded) schemes. Furthermore, reduced complexity, near-optimal versions of the algorithm are also presented. Performance evaluation results for a reduced-complexity trellis-coded QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) system have demonstrated that the proposed receiver dramatically reduces the error floors caused by fading. At E/sub b//N/sub 0/=20 dB the new receiver structure results in bit error rate reductions of more than three orders of magnitude compared to a conventional Viterbi receiver, while being reasonably simple to implement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid type-II ARQ/AMS and scheduling using channel prediction for downlink packet transmission and fading channels (2001)

In this paper, we propose a system suitable for Internet Protocols (IP) which consists of a hybrid type-II Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) scheme combined with an Adaptive Modulation System (AMS) and a time-slot scheduler supplied by channel predictions, referred to as predictive HARQ-II/AMS. The performance of the system in a downlink for fast fading channels is investigated through simulations where in particular, BER, throughput and delay performance are studied. The proposed system is compared to two modified systems where one does not utilize Forward Error Correction/ARQ (FEC/ARQ) at link layer (referred to as predictive AMS) while the other one has no access to the channel prediction (referred to as blind HARQ-II/AMS). The results show that with perfect channel prediction both predictive AMS and HARQII/AMS satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements with some advantages to the former in terms of efficient usage of channel capacity. However, when imperfect channel prediction is utilized only our proposed system meets the users demands.
<i>PowderSolve</i>– a complete package for crystal structure solution from powder diffraction patterns (1999)

Powder diffraction techniques are becoming increasingly popular as tools for the determination of crystal structures. The authors of this paper have developed a software package, named PowderSolve , to solve crystal structures from experimental powder diffraction patterns and have applied this package to solve the crystal structures of organic compounds with up to 18 variable degrees of freedom (defined in terms of the positions, orientations, and internal torsions of the molecular fragments in the asymmetric unit). The package employs a combination of simulated annealing and rigid-body Rietveld refinement techniques to maximize the agreement between calculated and experimental powder diffraction patterns. The agreement is measured by a full-profile comparison (using the R factor R wp ). As an additional check at the end of the structure solution process, accurate force-field energies may be used to confirm the stability of the proposed structure solutions. To generate the calculated powder diffraction pattern, lattice parameters, peak shape parameters and background parameters must be determined accurately before proceeding with the structure solution calculations. For this purpose, a novel variant of the Pawley algorithm is proposed, which avoids the instabilities of the original Pawley method. The successful application and performance of PowderSolve for crystal structure solution of 14 organic compounds of differing complexity are discussed.
Wild-type Presenilin 1 Protects against Alzheimer Disease Mutation-induced Amyloid Pathology (2006)

Mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1) lead to dominant inheritance of early onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD). These mutations are known to alter the gamma-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, resulting in increased ratio of Abeta42/Abeta40 and accelerated amyloid plaque pathology in transgenic mouse models. To investigate the factors that drive the Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio and amyloid pathogenesis and to investigate the possible interactions between wild-type and FAD mutant PS1, which are co-expressed in transgenic animals, we expressed the PS1 M146V knock-in allele either on wild-type PS1 (PS1M146V/+) or PS1 null (PS1M146V/-) background and crossed these alleles with the Tg2576 APP transgenic mice. Introduction of the PS1 M146V mutation on Tg2576 background resulted in earlier onset of plaque pathology. Surprisingly, removing the wild-type PS1 in the presence of the PS1 M146V mutation (PS1M146V/-) greatly exacerbated the amyloid burden; and this was attributed to a reduction of gamma-secretase activity rather than an increase in Abeta42. Our findings establish a protective role of the wild-type PS1 against the FAD mutation-induced amyloid pathology through a partial loss-of-function mechanism.
Electrical and thermal properties of fluorine-intercalated graphite fibers (1990)

We report measurements on the electrical- and thermal-transport properties of fluorine-intercalated vapor-grown carbon fibers ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathit{x}}$F with the carbon-to-fluorine-atom ratio x between 4.1 and 5.8. The electrical resistivity is found to be very sensitive to the fluorine concentration. Indeed, while the resistivities of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{5.2}$F and the ${\mathrm{C}}_{5.8}$F compounds are well below that of the pristine graphite fibers, the tendency is reversed when x\ensuremath{\le}4.5 and large resistivity values are obtained. All ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathit{x}}$F compounds exhibit a logarithmic resistance increase at low temperature, which can consistently be explained by weak-localization and carrier-carrier interaction effects for two-dimensional electron systems. Large negative magnetoresistance values have been measured on the ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathit{x}}$F compound with x=4.1. At higher temperature, an anomalous resistance-versus-temperature behavior appears for each fluorine-intercalated vapor-grown carbon fiber, possibly resulting from a phase transition. Heat transport in ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathit{x}}$F (with x=4.1) is almost entirely governed by lattice vibrations between 2.5 and 300 K while the thermoelectric power is positive, and its temperature dependence is similar to that previously observed in other acceptor graphite intercalation compounds. Our results indicate that the high resistivity of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathit{x}}$F compounds (with x\ensuremath{\le}4.5) is due to strong defect scattering rather than a low free-charge-carrier density.
Automatic diagnostic tool for Analog-Mixed Signal and RF load boards (2009)

This paper describes a low cost test technique for testing Analog-Mixed Signal and RF load boards used in ATE (Automatic Test Equipment). The paper describes the development and application of a software tool for automatic analysis and test generation for mixed signal and RF circuits on Device Interface Boards (DIB). DIBs are essential components for testing ICs and they contain mixed-signal and RF circuits with several active and passive components that are needed to simulate test conditions for ICs. The software tool utilizes the schematic information of DIBs to generate tests for components and interconnectivity on the DIB. The tests generated are dependent upon the accessibility and programmability provided by the test hardware as well as the testability provided by DIB design. The output of the tool is a generic test specification that is independent of test hardware platform. Automatic test generation saves on the manual labor for writing DIB tests and thus contributing to the reduction of time to market for ICs.
The dynamic nature of the nuclear envelope (2013)

In eukaryotes, chromosomes are encased by a dynamic nuclear envelope. In contrast to metazoans, where the nuclear envelope disassembles during mitosis, many fungi including budding yeast undergo "closed mitosis," where the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout the cell cycle. Consequently, during closed mitosis the nuclear envelope must expand to accommodate chromosome segregation to the two daughter cells. A recent study by Witkin et al. in budding yeast showed that if progression through mitosis is delayed, for example due to checkpoint activation, the nuclear envelope continues to expand despite the block to chromosome segregation. Moreover, this expansion occurs at a specific region of the nuclear envelope- adjacent to the nucleolus- forming an extension referred to as a "flare." These observations raise questions regarding the regulation of nuclear envelope expansion both in budding yeast and in higher eukaryotes, the mechanisms confining mitotic nuclear envelope expansion to a particular region and the possible consequences of failing to regulate nuclear envelope expansion during the cell cycle.
Evaluation of a dual hemoglobin A(2)/A(1c) quantitation kit on the bio-rad variant II automated hemoglobin analyzer. (2002)

The dual kit provides precise Hb A(1c), Hb A(2), and Hb F quantitation. The results show good linearity and correlate well with the results of current methods. We detected all clinically important Hb variants and a wide variety of rare variants. The dual kit has several advantages: it eliminates the need for extensive kit switch over; improves utility for newborn screening because of its quantification of Hb Barts; permits quantification of Hb A(1c) using the beta-Thal method; and eliminates the need for separate Hb A(2) reference intervals for patients with Hb S because of its accurate quantitation of Hb A(2) in the presence of Hb S.
Efficiency of the RPL repair mechanisms for Low Power and Lossy Networks (2014)

Routing has been considered as one of the most important issues in 6LoWPAN [22] networks. For this reason, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has proposed a routing protocol called RPL (Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks). This paper presents a performance evaluation of the repair mechanisms of RPL with storing mode, using the Contiki simulation environment. Performance metrics of interest are repair time, packet loss and power consumption. We also study the sensitivity of these metrics to network size and node location.
Isolation and partial characterization of IGF-like peptides from Cohn fraction IV of human plasma (1990)

IGFs were extracted from Cohn fraction IV of human plasma using ultrafiltration of acidified paste as the initial step. Further purification, including HPLC as the final steps, yielded seven IGF-like peptides: two with acidic pI (A1, A2), two with neutral pI (N1, N2), and three in the basic region (B1, B2 and B3). B1 was identified as IGF-I and N1 as IGF-II. The other peptides were further characterized with respect to their molecular weight and by N-terminal amino-acid sequencing. B2 and B3 are IGF-I-like, A1 and A2 and N2 are IGF-II-like. Two of the peptides (A2 and B3) appear to be two-chain forms of IGF-II and IGF-I, respectively, as shown by structural analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One peptide (A1) appears to be a new variant of an IGF-II derivative with a substitution of Ser by Cys in position 29. Further analysis involved reactivity in radioreceptor assays for IGF-I and IGF-II. N2, A1 and A2 are IGF-II-like, whereas B2 and B3 are IGF-I-like, though there are important differences with the main IGFs. Similar results were obtained in IGF-I and IGF-II C-peptide radioimmunoassays. The physiological significance of these peptides is unknown. They offer interesting perspectives for structure-function analysis.
Reaction of diethyl pyrocarbonate with nucleic acid components. Bases and nucleosides derived from guanine, cytosine, and uracil (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of diethyl pyrocarbonate with nucleic acid components. Bases and nucleosides derived from guanine, cytosine, and uracilA. Vincze, R. E. L. Henderson, J. J. McDonald, and N. J. LeonardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 8, 2677–2682Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00789a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00789a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
마르텐사이트계 고크롬강의 응고 및 편석거동 (2013)

Directional solidification experiments were carried out on modified 9Cr1Mo steel and 10Cr1MoW steel to investigate their solidification and segregation characteristics. Under a given temperature gradient, both steels were solidified at the same growth rates of 1, 5, 50 and 100 μm/s, respectively. A detailed study of the solidification sequence for both steels revealed that delta ferrite was the leading phase and gamma austenite nucleated from the solid solidified earlier. A quick phase transformation of delta into gamma was made at growth rates faster than 50 μm/s. Therefore, almost all delta dendrites were identified as gamma phases to be transformed. On the other hand, compositional analyses performed on the solid/liquid interface confirmed that alloying elements in both steels were hardly segregated ahead of the solid/liquid interface. This appears to be responsible for a very narrow freezing range which suppresses elemental segregation.
Clinical Appraisal of Pulmonary Cytology (1961)

The cytologic examination of sputum and bronchial secretions has become a reliable method for detecting early lung cancer. A number of benign chest conditions also can be recognized through specific morphologic observations. The need for examining 5 sputum samples to achieve optimum sensitivity has discouraged clinical interest in pulmonary cytology. A new method has been developed whereby a single concentrated sample has yielded an accuracy equivalent to 4 samples smeared by earlier methods. The new method employs trypsin as a mucolytic agent. The concentrated sediment obtained after tryptic digestion can be used in concomitant bacteriological and mycological examination. It is believed that the increased convenience and accuracy of this method will encourage the use of cytologic methods in the diagnosis of diseases of the chest.