gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Growth of α-SiC from the Vapor Phase (1971)

Epitaxial layers of α-SiC are grown on the (0001) and the (0001̄) faces of α-SiC substrates front the silane-propane-hydrogen system. The structure, morphology and growth rate of the layers are studied as a function of the partial pressures of the reactants and the substrate temperature. It appears that the growth process is controlled by the combined effects of propane diffusion and the rate of thermal etching of SiC. The best layers in terms of surface smoothness and crystalline perfection are obtained under low reactant partial pressures (slow growth rate conditions) at temperatures in the vicinity of 1550°C. The epitaxial layers are structurally characterized with X-ray diffraction techniques, electron scanning microscopy, and chemical etching. As grown layers exhibited n -type conduction. p -type boron doped layers are grown by using borane gas in the reactant system. Light emitting p - n junctions are prepared and electrically characterized.
Missense mutation clustering in the survival motor neuron gene: a role for a conserved tyrosine and glycine rich region of the protein in RNA metabolism? (1997)

The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene shows deletions in the majority of patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a disease of motor neuron degeneration. To date only two missense mutations have been reported in SMN in patients with SMA. The fact that no SMN-homologues have been forthcoming from data-base searching has resulted in a lack of hypotheses concerning the structural and functional consequences of these mutations. Recently SMN has been shown to interact with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) suggesting a role in mRNA metabolism. We describe a novel missense mutation and the subsequent identification of a triplicated tyrosine-glycine (Y-G) peptide sequence at the C-terminal of SMN which encompasses each of the three predicted amino acid sequence substitutions. We have identified apparent orthologues of SMN in Caenorhabditis elegans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These sequences retain the highly conserved Y-G motif and provide additional support for a role of SMN in mRNA metabolism.
17-β-Estradiol: A Powerful Modulator of Blood–Brain Barrier BCRP Activity (2010)

The ATP-driven efflux transporter, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), handles many therapeutic drugs, including chemotherapeutics, limiting their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This study provides new insight into rapid, nongenomic regulation of BCRP transport activity at the blood-brain barrier. Using isolated brain capillaries from rats and mice as an ex vivo blood-brain barrier model, we show that BCRP protein is highly expressed in brain capillary membranes and functionally active in intact capillaries. We show that nanomolar concentrations of 17-β-estradiol (E2) rapidly reduced BCRP transport activity in the brain capillaries. This E2-mediated effect occurred within minutes and did not involve transcription, translation, or proteasomal degradation, indicating a nongenomic mechanism. Removing E2 after 1 h fully reversed the loss of BCRP activity. Experiments using agonists and antagonists for estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ and brain capillaries from ERα and ERβ knockout mice demonstrated that E2 could signal through either receptor to reduce BCRP transport function. We speculate that this nongenomic E2-signaling pathway could potentially be used for targeting BCRP at the blood-brain barrier, in brain tumors, and in brain tumor stem cells to improve chemotherapy of the central nervous system.
Muscle Cachexia: Current Concepts of Intracellular Mechanisms and Molecular Regulation (2001)

Objective To review present knowledge of intracellular mechanisms and molecular regulation of muscle cachexia. Summary Background Data Muscle cachexia, mainly reflecting degradation of myofibrillar proteins, is an important clinical feature in patients with severe injury, sepsis, and cancer. The catabolic response in skeletal muscle may result in muscle wasting and weakness, delaying or preventing ambulation and rehabilitation in these patients and increasing the risk for pulmonary complications. Results Muscle cachexia, induced by severe injury, sepsis, and cancer, is associated with increased gene expression and activity of the calcium/calpain- and ubiquitin/proteasome-proteolytic pathways. Calcium/calpain-regulated release of myofilaments from the sarcomere is an early, and perhaps rate-limiting, component of the catabolic response in muscle. Released myofilaments are ubiquitinated in the N-end rule pathway, regulated by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E214k and the ubiquitin ligase E3α, and degraded by the 26S proteasome. Conclusions An understanding of the mechanisms regulating muscle protein breakdown is important for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at treating or preventing muscle cachexia in patients with severe injury, sepsis, cancer, and perhaps other catabolic conditions as well.
MULTIVESSEL SURVEYING REDUCES SEISMIC COST, ACQUISITION TIME (1991)

Economic conditions of the late 1980s have driven creativity in the marine seismic industry. Although accustomed to the improved subsurface data coverage afforded by the 3D acquisition techniques which have been in use since the early '80s, operators increasingly find the cost of these comprehensive surveys to be prohibitive for present budgets. Consequently, the seismic industry has responded with a number of unconventional survey designs by gradually adding the capability to handle more streamers, more energy sources and more vessels. This article is a review of several current state-of-the-art marine survey designs.
Support Vector Tracking (2005)

Support Vector Tracking (SVT) integrates the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier into an optic-flow based tracker. Instead of minimizing an intensity difference function between successive frames, SVT maximizes the SVM classification score. To account for large motions between successive frames, we build pyramids from the support vectors and use a coarse-to-fine approach in the classification stage. We show results of using a homogeneous quadratic polynomial kernel-SVT for vehicle tracking in image sequences.
Macrophage activation and polarization (2007)

Macrophages are widely distributed immune system cells that play an indispensable role in homeostasis and defense. They can be phenotypically polarized by the microenvironment to mount specific functional programs. Polarized macrophages can be broadly classified in two main groups: classically activated macrophages (or M1), whose prototypical activating stimuli are IFNgamma and LPS, and alternatively activated macrophages (or M2), further subdivided in M2a (after exposure to IL-4 or IL-13), M2b (immune complexes in combination with IL-1beta or LPS) and M2c (IL-10, TGFbeta or glucocorticoids). M1 exhibit potent microbicidal properties and promote strong IL-12-mediated Th1 responses, whilst M2 support Th2-associated effector functions. Beyond infection M2 polarized macrophages play a role in resolution of inflammation through high endocytic clearance capacities and trophic factor synthesis, accompanied by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Similar functions are also exerted by tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which also display an alternative-like activation phenotype and play a detrimental pro-tumoral role. Here we review the main functions of polarized macrophages and discuss the perspectives of this field.
Changes in the proportions of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with worn implants (2000)

We compared the peripheral blood and periprosthetic tissues of 53 patients at revision arthroplasty with those of 30 patients at primary arthroplasty to determine whether there is a systemic difference in lymphocytes in patients with worn hip implants. The absolute number and relative proportion of lymphocytes bearing CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, HLA-DR, kappa and lambda antigens were compared with the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE2 in the pseudosynovial membrane as well as with a semiquantitative estimate of metal and polyethylene particles, necrosis and chronic inflammation and the total concentration of metals within the periprosthetic tissues. There was a significant increase in the relative proportion of CD2-positive T-cells and CD16-positive natural killer cells in the peripheral blood at revision arthroplasty compared with primary arthroplasty and an increased proportion of CD8-positive T-cells and a decreased ratio of CD4 to CD8 (helper inducer/suppressor cytotoxic cells). Three control patients, who went on to have revision surgery, had values at primary arthroplasty which were similar to those of patients at the time of revision surgery. These differences did not correlate with the local concentration of metal, plastic or cement or inflammatory response or the type of prosthesis. An inverse correlation was noted between the necrosis in the periprosthetic tissue and both the local production of IL-6 and the absolute numbers of T-cells in peripheral blood. We conclude that there may be several cell-mediated systemic immune responses to aseptic loosening, at least one of which may be directly related to events in the periprosthetic tissues. We cannot exclude the possibility that the changes in the proportion of CD8-positive cells reflected a predisposition, rather than a reaction, to loosening of the implant.
Spontaneous assembly of phosphatidylcholine monolayers via chemisorption onto gold (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneous assembly of phosphatidylcholine monolayers via chemisorption onto goldWojciech Fabianowski, Louis C. Coyle, Bruce A. Weber, Richard D. Granata, David G. Castner, Andrzej Sadownik, and Steven L. RegenCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 1, 35–41Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/la00085a008Request reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (959 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Development of Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (2015)

We provide the first evidence that an EndMT occurs in RIPF development and that the EndMT may be effectively inhibited by modulating vascular EC-specific hypoxic damage.
Automatically creating bilingual lexicons for Machine Translation from bilingual text (1998)

A method is presented for automatically augmenting the bilingual lexicon of an existing Machine Translation system, by extracting bilingual entries from aligned bilingual text. The proposed method only relies on the resources already available in the MT system itself. It is based on the use of bilingual lexical templates to match the terminal symbols in the parses of the aligned sentences.
Akt Activation in Platelets Depends on Gi Signaling Pathways (2004)

The serine-threonine kinase Akt has been established as an important signaling intermediate in regulating cell survival, cell cycle progression, as well as agonist-induced platelet activation. Stimulation of platelets with various agonists including thrombin results in Akt activation. As thrombin can stimulate multiple G protein signaling pathways, we investigated the mechanism of thrombin-induced activation of Akt. Stimulation of platelets with a PAR1-activating peptide (SFLLRN), PAR4-activating peptide (AYPGKF), and thrombin resulted in Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt, which results in its activation. This phosphorylation and activation of Akt were dramatically inhibited in the presence of AR-C69931MX, a P2Y12 receptor-selective antagonist, or GF 109203X, a protein kinase C inhibitor, but Akt phosphorylation was restored by supplemental Gi or Gz signaling. Unlike wild-type mouse platelets, platelets from Galphaq-deficient mice failed to trigger Akt phosphorylation by thrombin and AYPGKF, whereas Akt phosphorylation was not affected by these agonists in platelets from mice that lack P2Y1 receptor. However, ADP caused Akt phosphorylation in Galphaq- and P2Y1-deficient platelets, which was completely blocked by AR-C69931MX. In contrast, ADP failed to cause Akt phosphorylation in platelets from mice treated with clopidogrel, and thrombin and AYPGKF induced minimal phosphorylation of Akt, which was not affected by AR-C69931MX in these platelets. These data demonstrate that Gi, but not Gq or G12/13, signaling pathways are required for activation of Akt in platelets, and Gi signaling pathways, stimulated by secreted ADP, play an essential role in the activation of Akt in platelets.
Relation of Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis to Early Carotid Atherosclerosis in Healthy Men (2004)

FIGURE 6. Cangoderces milani sp. nov., male holotype, palp. A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN DIAMOND SYNTHESIS (2008)

The high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) method led to wide applications of artificial diamonds in industry. Low temperature coating of diamonds has been studied for some time, and chemical vapor deposition has been developed. In this contribution, we will focus on the most recent developments in diamond synthesis, and especially the important progress upon hydrothermal synthesis and the reduction of carbide (HSRC), which has attracted more and more attention due to its great commercial potential. Especially, we will discuss the synthesis of colorless, large diamond crystals from the reduction of carbon dioxide or carbonates. In addition, some recent progress on the theoretical studies of the metastable nucleation and growth of diamonds will also be reviewed. Finally, theories about the genesis of natural diamond were briefly reviewed, and a new theory based on our experimental results was proposed, which suggests that diamond within the Earth could be produced from carbon dioxide wherever carbon dioxide existed and the conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, and reducing environment) are satisfied.
Hydrostatic Assisting Drive (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The automotive field is in a state of a permanent evolution. Yesterday, mechanical drives were the only solution. Today, Hydrostatics offers new possibilities to the designers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews the technical and economical reasons why the concepts of:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">High Pressure hydrostatic systems (5 to 6000 PSI)</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">High Torque Low Speed hydraulic motors</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">wheel motors</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">multiflow fixed displacement pumps, contribute to higher vehicle performance then represent the ideal solution for the market of tomorrow.</div> </li> </ul> </div>
NCCN Task Force Report: Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer (2006)

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) first published the NCCN Breast Cancer Treatment Guidelines in 1996. The Guidelines address the treatment of all stages of breast cancer across the spectrum of patient care and have been updated yearly. Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer has undergone an especially rapid evolution over the past few years. Therefore, the NCCN Breast Cancer Guidelines Panel was supplemented by additional experts to form the Adjuvant Therapy Task Force to provide a forum for an extended discussion and expanded input to the adjuvant therapy recommendations for the Breast Cancer Treatment Guidelines. Issues discussed included methods of risk-stratification for recurrence; how biologic markers such as HER2 status, quantitative estrogen receptor, or genetic markers can be incorporated as prognostic or predictive factors; and how age, menopausal status, and estrogen receptor levels impact benefits from chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Additionally, the task force discussed the strategies for use of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women and the potential incorporation of trastuzumab into adjuvant therapy of women with HER2/neu positive breast cancer. This supplement summarizes the background data and ensuing discussion from the Adjuvant Task Force meeting.
High-performance light emitting diode backlight driving system for large-screen liquid crystal display (2007)

A high-performance light emitting diode backlight driving system is proposed for large-screen liquid crystal display. The proposed system consists of a boost converter for power factor correction (PFC) and an active-clamp converter for dc–dc power conversion. With coupled inductors and simple passive components, the proposed PFC circuit minimises the switching losses by reducing the reverse-recovery current. The active-clamp converter operates under zero-voltage switching for the power switches and its output rectifier is composed of a current doubler and a synchronous rectifier for reducing conduction loss. The proposed backlight driving system is analysed and its design consideration is discussed in detail. Experimental results for a 300 W (3.3 V/90 A) prototype at a constant switching frequency of 100 kHz are presented to verify the analysis and the performance of the proposed system.
Differences in Specificity and Selectivity Between CBP and p300 Acetylation of Histone H3 and H3/H4 (2013)

Although p300 and CBP lysine acetyltransferases are often treated interchangeably, the inability of one enzyme to compensate for the loss of the other suggests unique roles for each. As these deficiencies coincide with aberrant levels of histone acetylation, we hypothesized that the key difference between p300 and CBP activity is differences in their specificity/selectivity for lysines within the histones. Utilizing a label-free, quantitative mass spectrometry based technique, we determined the kinetic parameters of both CBP and p300 at each lysine of H3 and H4, under conditions we would expect to encounter in the cell (either limiting acetyl-CoA or histone). Our results show that while p300 and CBP acetylate many common residues on H3 and H4, they do in fact possess very different specificities, and these specificities are dependent on whether histone or acetyl-CoA is limiting. Steady-state experiments with limiting H3 demonstrate that both CBP and p300 acetylate H3K14, H3K18, H3K23, with p300 having specificities up to 10¹⁰-fold higher than CBP. Utilizing tetramer as a substrate, both enzymes also acetylate H4K5, H4K8, H4K12, and H4K16. With limiting tetramer, CBP displays higher specificities, especially at H3K18, where CBP specificity is 10³²-fold higher than p300. With limiting acetyl-CoA, p300 has the highest specificity at H4K16, where specificity is 10¹⁸-fold higher than CBP. This discovery of unique specificity for targets of CBP- vs p300-mediated acetylation of histone lysine residues presents a new model for understanding their respective biological roles and possibly an opportunity for selective therapeutic intervention.
EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF A CLOTH DISK FILTER TO MEET TITLE 22 REUSE CRITERIA (2005)

EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF A CLOTH DISK FILTER TO MEET TITLE 22 REUSE CRITERIAThe City of Manteca (City) Regional Wastewater Quality Control Facility (WQCF) is adding filtration and UV disinfection facilities to meet California Title 22 wastewater reuse criteria. The cloth disk filter (CDF), manufactured by Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc. (AAS) was evaluated and selected as the technology for use at the WQCF. The evaluation process included a pilot filter study, researching...Author(s)Alison FuruyaGraham CalcianoDave RichardOnder CaliskanerPhil GoveaSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 75: Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes: Advanced (Tertiary) Treatment for Low Effluent ConcentrationsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:9L.6152;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783815186Volume / Issue2005 / 9Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)6152 - 6164Copyright2005Word count192
Location-Based Routing for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2002)

Communication between vehicles is likely to be one key area where mobile ad-hoc networks will be used in the near future. Currently there are several projects ([1, 3]) that investigate this application area, while car manufacturers and their suppliers aim at the
Studies on Tyzzer's disease : application of immunofluorescence for detection of <i>Bacillus piliformis</i> and for demonstration and determination of antibodies to it in sera from mice and rabbits (1977)

Bacillus piliformis antigens were demonstrated in smear preparations from infected mouse livers by direct immunofluorescence technique. Mouse serum antibodies against B. piliformis were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence technique. The test was employed quantitatively both on sera from experimentally infected mice and on sera from clinically healthy mice from colonies infected with B. piliformis, and could be used for the quantitative demonstration of antibodies in sera from a stock of rabbits with Tyzzer's disease. It was found very useful for the detection of subclinical infection.
Moist heat intraluminal disinfection of CAPD connectors. (1990)

A moist heat technique for disinfecting the inner lumen of commercially available connectology used in the exchange process for Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) was evaluated. Moist heat was generated by a device (PDM-1) that directed microwave energy to heat a sample solution containing a concentration of 10(6) microorganisms inside a pair of mated plastic CAPD connectors. Microorganisms tested included those most prevalent and most problematic in causing peritonitis. Testing, performed according to F.D.A. approved standards, involved heating a sample solution and then placing the sample solution into vials which were then sealed and incubated. Absolute determination of growth versus no growth was measured by macroscopic observation. Positive control samples were performed in the same manner but were not exposed to heat. Negative controls were performed in the same manner in the absence of test organisms. At temperatures of approximately 100 degrees C a D-value of 6.6 seconds was determined using the organism found the most thermoresistant. A cycle time of 54 seconds appeared sufficient to achieve a 10(6) population reduction of all microorganisms tested. The moist heat technique offers a safe, effective method for disinfection of the inner lumen of CAPD connectors.