gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calorimetry of Ignition Sparks (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The thermal energy transferred to noncombusting gases by a spark at pressures from 1 to 7 atmospheres was measured using a pressure-rise calorimeter. The energy transfer efficiency (from electrical to thermal energy) was determined for conventional coil ignition systems, a plasma jet ignitor, and an ultra-short pulse (USP) ignitor. For the coil systems, the efficiency was strongly dependent on pressure and gap size, but weakly dependent on the type of spark plug. The efficiencies varied from 5% to 65%, with increases in pressure and gap size giving higher values. Electrode diameter and gas composition also had an effect on the efficiency. For a constant current, variable duration discharge system, the efficiency decreased by a factor of three as the energy increased from 12 to 75 mJ. The efficiency of the USP (breakdown discharge) system was slightly higher than for a conventional coil system. The energy efficiency for the plasma jet ignitor was fairly constant for electrical energies from 0.2 to 1 J.</div>
Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ether synthesis – a combined chemical equilibrium investigation towards an increasingly efficient and potentially sustainable synthetic route (2016)

Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (denoted as OME) are potential sustainable energy carriers and platform chemicals.
An Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Diels−Alder Cycloadditions of Halogen-Substituted 2(<i>H</i>)-Pyran-2-ones (2005)

[reaction: see text] Diels-Alder reactions of 3- and 5-halo-subsituted 2(H)-pyran-2-ones with both electron-rich and electron-deficient dienophiles afford stable and readily isolable bridged bicyclic lactone cycloadducts. These cycloadditions proceed with excellent regioselectivity and very good stereoselectivity. In contrast, Diels-Alder reactions of 4-halo-subsituted 2(H)-pyran-2-ones afford cycloadducts which are very prone to loss of bridging CO(2) and the subsequent formation of barrelenes ([2.2.2]cyclooctenes). Furthermore, these cycloadditions proceed with only moderate regio- and stereoselectivity. For both series of the 3- and 5-halo-subsituted 2(H)-pyran-2-ones and 4-halo-subsituted 2(H)-pyran-2-ones, the reactivity patterns do not significantly change between the halogens. The regio- and stereochemical preferences of the cycloadditions of halo-substituted 2(H)-pyran-2-ones are investigated computationally. Calculations were carried out on the transition states leading to the four possible regio- and stereoisomeric cycloadducts by using density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G). These studies allow prediction of the regio- and stereoselectivity in these reactions which are broadly in line with experimental observations.
Electrochemical approach to the corrosion problems of several iron-nickel-chromium alloys in high temperature high pressure water / (1978)

Oxygen Cone e n t r a t i o n s 3 .5 .3 S i g n i f i c a n t O b s e r v a ti o n s 3 .5 .4 C o m parison o f P r e s e
Synthesis of Isoquinolines. I.<sup>1</sup> Copyrine and Isoquinoline Systems Derived from 3-Cyano-4-methylpyridine<sup>2,3</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Isoquinolines. I.1 Copyrine and Isoquinoline Systems Derived from 3-Cyano-4-methylpyridine2,3J. M. Bobbitt and Robert E. DoolittleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2298–2302Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01031a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scientific rationale for specific inhibition of COX-2. (1998)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the principal enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins. Inhibition of COX is also the primary mechanism of action of aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Since prostaglandins are important regulators of cellular function, inhibition of prostaglandin production may lead to adverse effects. Two isoforms of COX have been identified, sequenced, and cloned. COX-1 is constitutively produced and is believed to be involved in regulating normal cellular processes, such as gastrointestinal (GI) cytoprotection, vascular homeostasis, and renal function. In contrast, COX-2 -- the inducible form -- is undetectable in most tissues but is present in inflamed tissue. Evidence therefore suggests that the GI toxicity associated with NSAID use is primarily the result of inhibition of COX-1, and antiinflammatory effects are largely due to inhibition of COX-2. A drug that specifically inhibits COX-2 without affecting COX-1 would, theoretically, reduce inflammation without leading to GI side effects. A variety of biologic assays have been developed to characterize the relative activities of NSAID against COX-1 and COX-2. Such in vitro testing has demonstrated that individual NSAID possess different relative inhibitory effects in various tissues. Several NSAID have been reported to show more potent inhibition of COX-2 than of COX-1 in vitro; however, the clinical relevance of differential inhibition of COX isozymes is as yet unknown. Some clinical studies indicating reduced toxicity for these NSAID may, in fact, be attributable to use of these agents at subtherapeutic doses. As yet, no clinically available NSAID has been shown to have significant in vivo effects on COX-2 while sparing COX-1 activity in humans. However, compounds that may be 100 to 300-fold more effective inhibitors of COX-2 and that therefore may have lower risks for toxicity as well as more potent antiinflammatory effects have been developed, but are not yet available for clinical use.
BMCProtector (2018)

In this paper, we explore the design and construct a prototype implementation of an Ethereum application, BMCProtector, which is based on Blockchain and Smart Contract technology, to protect music copyright and ensure rights holders income rights. With the blockchain, musicians can easily authorize and manage their music copyright on a public ledger. Without intermediaries being involved during the propagation process, rights holders can receive a greater share of royalty payments from the music industry automatically and instantly. We deal with piracy issues using encryption and watermarking methods. We also introduce a versioning mechanism to update the data in the smart contract for correcting mistakes made by the publisher. BMCProtector provides a solution to protect music copyright more effectively.
Optimal system design considering warranty, periodic preventive maintenance, and minimal repair (2000)

This paper presents a cost minimisation model for an optimal design of a mixed series-parallel system with deteriorating components. The model incorporates warranty, periodic preventive maintenance, and minimal repair in the design of system configuration. Imperfect repair is adopted to model the effect of preventive maintenance. Both free and pro-rata warranty policies are considered. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the application of this model.
Feature selection based on genetic algorithms and support vector machines for handwritten similar Chinese characters recognition (2004)

This paper presents a feature selection approach for handwritten similar Chinese characters recognition. The optimal features can be selected automatically by genetic algorithms from the representations in the form of elastic meshing based on wavelet transform. Three different combinations of binary support vector machines classifiers are discussed when multi-class classification problem must be dealt with. In our approach the fitness scores for different feature subset are derived from the cross-validation rate by using one-against-one strategy based support vector machines classifier with the Gaussian kernel function. The experiment results confirm the effectiveness and practicality of the approach.
Evidence of an energetic ion bombardment mechanism for bias-enhanced nucleation of diamond (1995)

The effect of substrate bias voltage was investigated for bias-enhanced diamond nucleation pretreatments of diamond thin films in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor. A critical bias voltage of approximately −200 V was observed for nucleation density enhancement from ∼104 cm−2 to ∼1010 cm−2. Furthermore, the nucleation density under bias conditions was five orders of magnitude lower for a small silicon region electrically isolated from the otherwise negatively biased silicon substrate. These results confirm that bombardment of the substrate by energetic cations plays a significant role in the diamond nucleation mechanism during bias pretreatments.
Ternary and Quaternary Electrolyte Additive Mixtures for Li-Ion Cells That Promote Long Lifetime, High Discharge Rate and Better Safety (2014)

Combinations of vinylene carbonate (VC), a sulfur-containing additive like methylene methane disulfonate (MMDS), and tris(-trimethyl-silyl)-phosphite (TTSPi) and/or tris(-trimethyl-silyl)- phosphate (TTSP) used as electrolyte additives in Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC111)/graphite Li-ion cells are shown to impart exceptional properties to those cells. These ternary or quaternary additive mixtures: apparently reduce parasitic reactions, such as electrolyte decomposition, at the positive electrode above 4.1 V compared to VC alone; increase the thermal stability of the charged graphite electrode at elevated temperature; improve coulombic efficiency and also reduce impedance of the cells. These factors all suggest longer lived, safer, higher power Li-ion cells with better tolerance to high voltages which will improve energy density.
Structural Basis for Ubiquitin Recognition by the Otu1 Ovarian Tumor Domain Protein (2008)

Ubiquitination of proteins modifies protein function by either altering their activities, promoting their degradation, or altering their subcellular localization. Deubiquitinating enzymes are proteases that reverse this ubiquitination. Previous studies demonstrate that proteins that contain an ovarian tumor (OTU) domain possess deubiquitinating activity. This domain of approximately 130 amino acids is weakly similar to the papain family of proteases and is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. Here we report structural and functional studies on the OTU domain-containing protein from yeast, Otu1. We show that Otu1 binds polyubiquitin chain analogs more tightly than monoubiquitin and preferentially hydrolyzes longer polyubiquitin chains with Lys(48) linkages, having little or no activity on Lys(63)- and Lys(29)-linked chains. We also show that Otu1 interacts with Cdc48, a regulator of the ER-associated degradation pathway. We also report the x-ray crystal structure of the OTU domain of Otu1 covalently complexed with ubiquitin and carry out structure-guided mutagenesis revealing a novel mode of ubiquitin recognition and a variation on the papain protease catalytic site configuration that appears to be conserved within the OTU family of ubiquitin hydrolases. Together, these studies provide new insights into ubiquitin binding and hydrolysis by yeast Otu1 and other OTU domain-containing proteins.
Digital video authentication with motion vector watermarking (2010)

As the sophistication and proliferation of digital media continues to increase, so to do methods which seek to compromise data integrity. Digital authentication can be a critical component to ensuring reliability and security in digital video surveillance platforms. A robust method of encoding video can provide authentication ensuring that data has not been compromised and is still reliable. By watermarking motion vectors in a video stream, it is possible to authenticate said video and ensure it has not been compromised. Our proposed authentication scheme provides a secure method of ensuring data integrity that is simple to encode yet difficult to emulate. The proposed method is not computationally complex, produces almost no visual distortion, and can be accomplished in real-time.
Programmable canonical correlation analysis: a flexible framework for blind adaptive spatial filtering (2002)

In wireless communications, including cellular communication systems, spread spectrum overlay systems, and signals intelligence applications, the degradation caused by rapidly time-varying multipath and unknown co-channel interference can be reduced by adaptive spatial filtering using adaptive antenna arrays. The authors propose a flexible framework for adapting a spatial filter without using a training signal, array calibration data, or knowledge of spatial characteristics of the desired or interfering signals. The framework exploits one or more user-selected statistical properties to adapt the array. Simulation results illustrate the performance of algorithms developed within the new framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cigarette Smoking as a Triggering Factor of Hidradenitis suppurativa (1999)

From the exceedingly high rate of smokers among patients with this condition we conclude that cigarette smoking is a major triggering factor of hidradenitis suppurativa. Remarkably, the disease can be categorized as a smoking sequel that is neither of vascular nor neoplastic nature. Because familial occurrence was rather rarely reported, and because an environmental factor in the form of cigarette smoking appears to be of crucial importance to trigger the disease, we assume that the genetic basis of hidradenitis suppurativa is polygenic rather than mendelian. Smoking cessation should be encouraged particularly in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa although it is unknown whether this improves the course of the disease.
Derivation of Tumor-specific Cytolytic T-Cell Clones from Two Lung Cancer Patients with Long Survival (1999)

We derived lung carcinoma cell lines from tumor material resected from a patient with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and from a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient with NSCLC was vaccinated with irradiated autologous tumor cells. The two patients enjoyed an exceptionally favorable clinical evolution and are currently without signs of cancer 10 and 8 yr after their diagnoses, respectively. Autologous mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures (MLTC) were produced with blood lymphocytes stimulated with irradiated autologous tumor cells. The first patient's SCLC cells, which carried a small amount of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, were incubated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) before being used as stimulator cells. A cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clone was derived that specifically lysed the IFN-gamma-treated SCLC cells but did not lyse untreated tumor cells or autologous lymphoblasts. Clones of autologous tumor-specific CTL, directed against the NSCLC cells of the other patient, were also obtained. These tumor cells carried a higher level of HLA class I molecules and were lysed by the CTL without incubation with IFN-gamma. Altogether, these results indicate that SCLC and NSCLC cancer cells can be recognized by autologous CTL, and might therefore be susceptible to specific immunotherapy.
Oesophageal transport of solid dosage forms depends on body position, swallowing volume and pharyngeal propulsion velocity (2004)

Knowledge about transit of solid dosage forms (SDF) in the gastrointestinal tract is incomplete. Detection of magnetically marked capsules (MMC) via superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) allows monitoring of oesophageal transport of SDF with high tempospatial resolution. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of body position, volume at swallowing, and oesophageal motility on orogastric transport of SDF. In 360 measurements we determined tempospatial characteristics of orogastric transit of SDFs by a SQUID device in six volunteers. They swallowed MMCs with various amounts of water in upright and supine position with and without simultaneous oesophageal manometry. Orogastric transit time, oesophageal transport velocity and rate of oesophageal retention of SDF depend on swallowing volume and body position at all experimental conditions. At 50 mL water bolus and in upright position, the retention rate depends on the pharyngeal propulsion velocity, and the transport velocity of MMCs in the oesophageal body are faster than the propulsive oesophageal contractions. Body position, swallowing volume and pharyngeal propulsion velocity markedly influence the oesophageal transport of SDF. They should be taken in upright body position with at least 50 mL of water to minimize entrapment in the oesophagus.
Glycogen production for biofuels by the euryhaline cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 from an oceanic environment (2014)

We conclude that Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 has high glycogen production activity and glycogen can be provided from coastal water accompanied by a fluctuation of salinity. This work supports Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 as a promising carbohydrate source for biofuel production.
A diversity with several levels: Kenyan politics of integration and the Kenyan minorities of Indian origin (2013)

Introduction Like most African countries—and more generally, like many modern states stemming from the colonial period—Kenya presents a sort of paradox: the many vernacular societies which make up the country are characterized by a particular feature: they think themselves under the mark of unity, indeed unicity, unity of language, unity of lifestyle, political unity. This social representation has had, for centuries, the consequence of rejecting other societies to the boundaries of humanity....
Temperature Monitoring During Radiofrequency Ablation (1996)

Thermal injury is the primary mechanism of lesion formation during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. Irreversible tissue injury requires heating to approximately 50 degrees C. Temperatures above 100 degrees C result in coagulum formation. Because of this importance of temperature during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures, temperature monitoring has been proposed as a tool to facilitate catheter ablation procedures. The results of recent clinical studies demonstrate that electrode temperatures do not differ at successful and failed ablation sites, electrode temperature does not predict or eliminate the possibility of arrhythmia recurrence, and closed-loop temperature control decreases but does not eliminate the development of coagulum nor guarantees that target temperatures will be achieved. These observations are due in large part to the important distinctions between electrode temperature, the temperature at the electrode-tissue interface, and the temperature at the ablation target. Nonetheless, temperature monitoring and temperature control are valuable tools during radiofrequency ablation procedures as they provide important information regarding the adequacy of tissue heating, minimize the development of coagulum, and maximize lesion size.
A Two Stage Algorithm for Denoising of Speech Signal (2012)

Spectral Subtraction based speech denoising suffers the major problem of introduction of new type of noise called musical noise. In this paper we introduce a two stage algorithm for denoising of noisy speech signal by minimizing the musical noise and additive white Gaussian noise. The algorithm works in two stages. First spectral subtraction method is applied on the noisy speech signal after applying pre-emphasis filter. Since the speech is highly corrupted by white Gaussian noise (3 dB SNR), the method introduces a musical noise. The enhanced speech is the processed using Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter to reduce the musical noise. The various objective as well as subjective measures are evaluated for the two stage method and compared against the individual methods. The two stage algorithm produces enhanced speech signal having high perceptual quality and intelligibility.
Genomic epidemiology of the Los Angeles COVID-19 outbreak (2020)

Abstract Los Angeles (LA) County has sustained a large outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To learn about the transmission history of SARS-CoV-2 in LA County, we sequenced 142 viral genomes from unique patients seeking care at UCLA Health System. 86 of these genomes are from samples collected before April 19, 2020. We found that the early outbreak in LA, as in other international air travel hubs, was seeded by multiple introductions of strains from Asia and Europe. We identified a US-specific strain, B.1.43, which has been found predominantly in California and Washington State. While samples from LA County carry the ancestral B.1.43 genome, viral genomes from neighbouring counties in California and from counties in Washington State carry additional mutations, suggesting a potential origin of B.1.43 in Southern California. We quantified the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 over time, and found evidence that the public health measures put in place in LA County to control the virus were effective at preventing transmission, but may have been undermined by the many introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the region. Our work demonstrates that genome sequencing can be a powerful tool for investigating outbreaks and informing the public health response. Our results reinforce the critical need for the U.S. to have coordinated inter-state responses to the pandemic.
The role of user models in cooperative interactive systems (1989)

For interactive systems to communicate in a cooperative manner, they must have knowledge about their users. This article explores the role of user models in such systems, with the goal of identifying when and how user models may be useful in a cooperative interactive system. User models are classified by the types of knowledge they contain, several user modelling characteristics that serve as dimension for an additional classification of user models are presented, and user model representations are discussed. These topics help to characterize the space of user modelling in cooperative interactive systems-addressing how they can be used-but do not fully address when it is appropriate to include a user model in an interactive system. Thus, a set of design considerations for user models is presented, while a final example illustrates how these topics influence the user model for a hypothetical investment consulting system.