gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxially-grown GaN junction field effect transistors (2000)

Junction field effect transistors (JFETs) are fabricated on a GaN epitaxial structure grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The dc and microwave characteristics of the device are presented. A junction breakdown voltage of 56 V is obtained corresponding to the theoretical limit of the breakdown field in GaN for the doping levels used. A maximum extrinsic transconductance (g/sub m/) of 48 mS/mm and a maximum source-drain current of 270 mA/mm are achieved on a 0.8 /spl mu/m gate JFET device at V/sub GS/=1 V and V/sub DS/=15 V. The intrinsic transconductance, calculated from the measured g/sub m/ and the source series resistance, is 81 mS/mm. The f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ for these devices are 6 GHz and 12 GHz, respectively. These JFET's exhibit a significant current reduction after a high drain bias is applied, which is attributed to a partially depleted channel caused by trapped hot-electrons in the semi-insulating GaN buffer layer. A theoretical model describing the current collapse is presented, and an estimate for the length of the trapped electron region is given.
Scaling Laws in Electrospinning of Polystyrene Solutions (2006)

By tuning the processing variables and solution properties using four different solvents (dimethylformamide, o-dichlorobeneze, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform), polystyrene (PS) fibers were prepared by the electrospinning process to study the effects of these governing parameters on the morphological changes of the charged cone and jet, as well as the diameter and birefringence of the fibers collected. Both jet diameter (dj) and fiber diameter (df) were scaled with the processing variables, i.e., solution flow-rate (Q), applied voltage (V) and working distance (H), with a power law model. Knowledge of these exponents provided insight into how to manipulate the electrified jet and spun fibers for a given solution. Results showed that Q was the dominant factor in determining the fiber diameter and the Q dependences of dj and df were approximately scaled with: dj ∼ Q0.5 and df ∼ Q0.25. The applied electric field (V/H) did affect the cone volume and the length of the electrified jet. Either increasing V or decreasing H produced a slightly thinner jet and smaller fiber, but the effects were not significant due to the limited processing range available for the stable cone-jet mode, and the nonuniformity of the electric field resulting from the point-to-plate electrode configuration used in this study. Regardless of the variations of the processing variables (Q, V, and H), a master curve between dj and df was found for a solution with fixed properties, from which a simple equation was obtained and expressed by: df ∼ mdj0.45 where m was a prefactor depending upon solution properties, such as the viscosity (ηο), conductivity (κ) and surface tension. Values of m were found to be lower for solutions with lower viscosity and/or higher conductivity, and were successfully scaled to be as follows: m ∼ ηo0.38κ-0.12. As far as the solution properties were concerned, the concentration emerged as the most important parameter because of its interaction with all aspects of the electrospinning process. The rheological properties of the polymer solution showed a significant effect on the formation of smooth electrospun fibers. On the basis of the Graessley's concentration-molecular weight diagram, various PS fiber morphologies were discussed and the minimum polymer concentration at a given polymer molecular weight required for preparing smooth PS fibers could be estimated. For the present PS solutions, a scaling law was found between the fiber diameter and solution viscosity: df ∼ ηo0.41, if other governing parameters (Q, V, H, κ, and surface tension) were fixed.
Toxicological evaluation of a saponin-rich standardized extract of fenugreek seeds (FenuSMART®): Acute, sub-chronic and genotoxicity studies (2018)

The present study investigated the safety of a saponin-rich standardized extract of fenugreek seeds (FenuSMART<sup>®</sup>; FHE), that has been clinically shown to be effective in ameliorating the postmenopausal discomforts and establishing hormonal balance. The safety was assessed by oral acute (2500 mg/kg b. wt. for 14 days) and subchronic (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. wt. for 90 days) toxicity studies on Wistar rats and mutagenicity studies employing <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> strains. Administration of FHE did not produce any toxicologically significant changes in clinical/behavioral observations, ophthalmic examinations, body weight, organ weight, feed consumption, urinalysis, hematology and clinical biochemistry parameters when compared to the untreated control group of animals. Highest dose recovery group (1000 mg/kg b. wt.) of animals also showed no mortality or adverse events; with hematological and biochemical parameters at par with those of controls. Terminal autopsy revealed no alterations in relative organ weight or any treatment-related histopathology changes. FHE also showed no mutagenicity upon Ames test employing TA-98, TA-100 and TA-102 <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> strains with or without metabolic activation. Based on the results of the study, the no observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of FHE was determined as 1000 mg/kg b. wt./day, the highest dose tested.
Marked for deletion (2003)

What characteristics of an email message make it more likely to be discarded? Statistical analyses of a set of deleted and non-deleted messages revealed several factors that were important in predicting the fate of a message. After controlling for the owner of the particular message, four factors turned out to be most important: history of communication with the sender (messages sent to and messages received from), intra-organizational vs. external sender, and size of the recipient group.
In Vitro Parthenogenetic Development of Mouse Oocytes Following Reciprocal Transfer of the Chromosome Spindle Between In Vivo-Matured Oocytes and In Vitro-Matured Oocytes1 (2003)

Mouse follicles grown in vitro from preantral to mature stages yield oocytes that can be fertilized in vitro, but embryonic development is poor. To investigate whether this poor development is due to a nuclear or a cytoplasmatic factor, we designed an experiment in which the MII chromosome spindle was exchanged between in vitro-matured oocytes and in vivo-matured oocytes by electrofusion. Subsequent embryo development was evaluated by blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst cell number after parthenogenetic activation. Electrofusion was successful in 62-78% of the oocytes. Transfer of the spindle apparatus from in vitro-matured oocytes to the in vivo MII cytoplasmic environment resulted in a high rate of blastocyst development, whereas in the reverse situation (transfer of the nucleus from in vivo-matured oocytes into in vitro-matured MII cytoplasm) poor quality embryos and a low rate of blastocyst formation was observed. These results indicate that the low developmental competence of in vitro-matured oocytes from mouse preantral follicles after activation is caused by the cytoplasmic component rather than the nuclear component.
A supported membrane type sensor for medical tactile mapping (2004)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, testing, and mathematical modeling of a supported membrane type polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tactile sensor. Using the designed membrane type sensor (MTS), it is shown that the entire surface of the PVDF film can be employed as a means of detecting the force magnitude and its application point. This is accomplished by utilizing only three sensing elements. Unlike the array type tactile sensors, in which the regions between the neighboring sensing elements are not active, all the surface points of the sensor are practically active in this MTS. A geometric mapping process is introduced, thereby, the loci of the isocharge contours for the three sensing elements are determined by applying force on various points of the sensor surface. In order to form a criterion for the comparison between the experimental findings and the theoretical analysis data, and also to determine the magnitude of the stresses generated in the membrane, finite element modeling is used. The correlation between the theoretical predictions and experimental findings is proven to be reasonable. Potentially, the designed MTS can be incorporated into various medical probes for tactile imaging.
Age-related alterations in the rat ventral globus pallidus cholinergic neurons (1990)

最近, アルツハイマー型老年痴呆 (ATD) において, コリン作動性ニューロンを多く含んでいるマイネルト核の脱落・変性が, その病態に大きく関与していることが明らかになってきている. そこで今回, ヒトや霊長類のマイネルト核と相同なラットの, 腹側淡蒼球の大型コリン作動性ニューロン群の老化に伴う変化を, コリンアセチルトランスフェラーゼの抗体を用い検索した. その結果, 老齢ラット (25カ月齢) において, 若齢ラット (2カ月齢) と比較して, 腹側淡蒼球のコリン作動性ニューロンの大きさの減少と樹状突起の数, 分岐の数, 伸展度の減少を認めた. この部位はラットの学習・記憶に重要な関わりを持つと考えられているので, 老化に伴うこのような変化が認められたことは, 加齢による学習・記憶能力の減退との関連の可能性を示すものと思われる.
Peptization of soybean meal protein. Effect of method of dispersion and age of beans (1952)

Conclusions From the data collected thus far on the dispersion of the nitrogen compounds of soybean meal, it is not feasible to recommend a procedure that will be equally suitable for all analytical situations. The several factors influencing the dispersion of soybean meal protein in water, such as time, temperature, method of stirring, and pH value of the solution, emphasize the empirical nature of the determination and the need for selecting a standard procedure to suit a given need. A 30‐minute water extraction at room temperature and at a water‐to‐meal ratio of 40∶1 will serve to differentiate between soybean meals that have had comparatively little denaturing treatment and in cases in which highly precise values are not required. When better check results are required, they can be obtained by using a longer extraction period. The drastically denatured meals can be differentiated better by dispersion in sodium lauryl sulfate solution at pH 8.0 than by dispersion in water. The nature of the results indicate that further research with protein dispersing agents will lead to a better method than is now available.
Jeffamine Derivatized TentaGel Beads and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microbead Cassettes for Ultrahigh-Throughput in Situ Releasable Solution-Phase Cell-Based Screening of One-Bead-One-Compound Combinatorial Small Molecule Libraries (2010)

A method to efficiently immobilize and partition large quantities of microbeads in an array format in microfabricated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) cassette for ultrahigh-throughput in situ releasable solution-phase cell-based screening of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries is described. Commercially available Jeffamine triamine T-403 (∼440 Da) was derivatized such that two of its amino groups were protected by Fmoc and the remaining amino group capped with succinic anhydride to generate a carboxyl group. This resulting trifunctional hydrophilic polymer was then sequentially coupled two times to the outer layer of topologically segregated bilayer TentaGel (TG) beads with solid phase peptide synthesis chemistry resulting in beads with increased loading capacity, hydrophilicity, and porosity at the outer layer. We have found that such bead configuration can facilitate ultrahigh-throughput in situ releasable solution-phase screening of OBOC libraries. An encoded releasable OBOC small molecule library was constructed on Jeffamine derivatized TG beads with library compounds tethered to the outer layer via a disulfide linker and coding tags in the interior of the beads. Compound-beads could be efficiently loaded (5-10 min) into a 5 cm diameter Petri dish containing a 10,000-well PDMS microbead cassette, such that over 90% of the microwells were each filled with only one compound-bead. Jurkat T-lymphoid cancer cells suspended in Matrigel were then layered over the microbead cassette to immobilize the compound-beads. After 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, dithiothreitol was added to trigger the release of library compounds. Forty-eight hours later, MTT reporter assay was used to identify regions of reduced cell viability surrounding each positive bead. From a total of about 20,000 beads screened, 3 positive beads were detected and physically isolated for decoding. A strong consensus motif was identified for these three positive compounds. These compounds were resynthesized and found to be cytotoxic (IC(50) 50-150 μM) against two T-lymphoma cell lines and less so against the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line. This novel ultrahigh-throughput OBOC releasable method can potentially be adapted to many existing 96- or 384-well solution-phase cell-based or biochemical assays.
JRC-Names: A freely available, highly multilingual named entity resource (2013)

This paper describes a new, freely available, highly multilingual named entity resource for person and organisation names that has been compiled over seven years of large-scale multilingual news analysis combined with Wikipedia mining, resulting in 205,000 per-son and organisation names plus about the same number of spelling variants written in over 20 different scripts and in many more languages. This resource, produced as part of the Europe Media Monitor activity (EMM, http://emm.newsbrief.eu/overview.html), can be used for a number of purposes. These include improving name search in databases or on the internet, seeding machine learning systems to learn named entity recognition rules, improve machine translation results, and more. We describe here how this resource was created; we give statistics on its current size; we address the issue of morphological inflection; and we give details regarding its functionality. Updates to this resource will be made available daily.
Iso‐Structural Phase Transitions in BiFeO<sub>3</sub> (2010)

This essay discusses recent work on bismuth ferrite , which reveals theoretically and experimentally a phase transition under stress that does not change symmetry but changes the c/a lattice constant ratio. As shown by Ishibashi, such transitions must be discontinuous and are described by free energies eighth‐order in polarization P . Such a predicted two‐step change in P is also known in potassium nitrate films.
Molecular‐Dynamics Simulations of Molten Ni‐Based Superalloys (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Method Results and Discussion Summary Acknowledgements
Leveraging UAVs for Passive RF Charging and Ultralowpower Wake-Up of Ground Sensors (2020)

In this letter, we design and implement a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and wake-up system that scavenges a 2.4-GHz signal from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The signal transmitted by the UAV is harvested and rectified to dc voltage to power a sensor on the ground. Additionally, the UAV modulates the transmitted signal to encode an address that triggers a particular sensor from sleep mode to active mode. The proposed system exhibits high sensitivity to low power levels. In fact, charging can be initiated from input power levels as low as $-$18.2 dBm, and a sensor can be triggered starting at power levels that are as low as $-$40 dBm. The designed system relies on passive components to boost the received signal to 4.5 V at the output. Moreover, the address detector is characterized by a current consumption of 160 nA in idle mode. The proposed solution can therefore be implemented in situations where it is critical to minimize the power consumption of sensors that rely on RF harvesting as their source of power.
Constant current power amplifier for MHz magnetic resonance wireless power transfer systems (2017)

This paper introduces the concept of constant current power amplifier (PA) for magnetic resonance wireless power transmitters, where the current output of the PA remains almost constant when the load impedance varies. The solution enables the wireless power transfer system to simultaneously support multiple devices and naturally supply the power demanded by receivers without feedback control. In this paper, the design methodology of such PA will be discussed in detail followed by a design example.
PKDB: Polycystic Kidney Disease Mutation Database-a gene variant database for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (2007)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) arises from mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes. The Polycystic Kidney Disease Mutation Database (PKDB) is an internet-accessible relational database containing comprehensive information about germline and somatic disease-causing variants within these two genes, as well as polymorphisms and variants of indeterminate pathogenicity. The PKDB database structure incorporates an interface between these gene variant data and any associated patient clinical data. An initiative of the Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation, PKDB is a publicly accessible database that aims to streamline the evaluation of PKD1 and PKD2 gene variants detected in samples from those with ADPKD, as well as to assist ongoing clinical and molecular research in the field. As the accurate reporting of nucleotide variants is essential for ensuring the quality of data within PKDB, a mutation checker has been mounted on the PKDB server allowing contributors to assess the accuracy of their PKD1 and PKD2 variant reports. Researchers and clinicians may submit their PKD1/PKD2 gene variants and any associated deidentified clinical data via standardized downloadable data entry forms accessible through the PKDB site. PKDB has been launched with the full details of PKD1 and PKD2 gene variant reports published in 73 peer-reviewed articles. Through a series of user-friendly advanced search facilities, users are able to query the database as required. The PKDB server is accessible at http://pkdb.mayo.edu.
Novel method for the high-throughput processing of slides for the comet assay (2014)

Single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay), continues to gain popularity as a means of assessing DNA damage. However, the assay's low sample throughput and laborious sample workup procedure are limiting factors to its application. "Scoring", or individually determining DNA damage levels in 50 cells per treatment, is time-consuming, but with the advent of high-throughput scoring, the limitation is now the ability to process significant numbers of comet slides. We have developed a novel method by which multiple slides may be manipulated, and undergo electrophoresis, in batches of 25 rather than individually and, importantly, retains the use of standard microscope comet slides, which are the assay convention. This decreases assay time by 60%, and benefits from an electrophoresis tank with a substantially smaller footprint, and more uniform orientation of gels during electrophoresis. Our high-throughput variant of the comet assay greatly increases the number of samples analysed, decreases assay time, number of individual slide manipulations, reagent requirements and risk of damage to slides. The compact nature of the electrophoresis tank is of particular benefit to laboratories where bench space is at a premium. This novel approach is a significant advance on the current comet assay procedure.
Aspectos estructurales de las PMES: Las microempresas y los empresarios en España (1994)

Este articulo analiza las principales caracteristicas estructurales del aparato productivo espanol. Para ello se ha abordado separadamente las vertientes de la empresa y del empresario. A partir de esta diferenciacion, se realiza un analisis del tejido empresarial espanol _con especial enfasis en el enfoque dimensional, geografico y sectorial que puede servir de base para explicar las causas que originan sus principales puntos debiles. De otro lado, se realiza una aproximacion analitica a los rasgos cualitativos del empresario medio espanol.
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 2.0 (2001)

This document specifies the second version of the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile"). SMIL 2.0 has the following two design goals:\n* Define an XML-based language that allows authors to write interactive multimedia presentations. Using SMIL 2.0, an author can describe the temporal behavior of a multimedia presentation, associate hyperlinks with media objects and describe the layout of the presentation on a screen.\n* Allow reusing of SMIL syntax and semantics in other XML-based languages, in particular those who need to represent timing and synchronization. For example, SMIL 2.0 components are used for integrating timing into XHTML [XHTML10] and into SVG [SVG].
Thermal Conductivity of Silica Aërogel (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Conductivity of Silica AërogelS. S. Kistler and A. G. CaldwellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26, 6, 658–662Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1934https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50294a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1681Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (721 KB) Get e-Alerts
Flow‐induced Platelet Activation and Damage Accumulation in a Mechanical Heart Valve: Numerical Studies (2007)

A model for platelet activation based on the theory of damage, incorporating cumulative effects of stress history and past damage (senescence) was applied to a three-dimensional (3-D) model of blood flow through a St. Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV), simulating flow conditions after implantation. The calculations used unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation with non-Newtonian blood properties. The results were used to predict platelet damage from total stress (shear, turbulent, deformation), and incorporate the contribution of repeated passages of the platelets along pertinent trajectories. Trajectories that exposed the platelets to elevated levels of stress around the MHV leaflets and led them to entrapment within the complex 3-D vortical structures in the wake of the valve significantly enhanced platelet activation. This damage accumulation model can be used to quantify the thrombogenic potential of implantable cardiovascular devices, and indicate the problem areas of the device for improving their designs.
Integrin‐Targeting Knottin Peptide–Drug Conjugates Are Potent Inhibitors of Tumor Cell Proliferation (2016)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer increased efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to systemic chemotherapy. Less attention has been paid to peptide-drug delivery, which has the potential for increased tumor penetration and facile synthesis. We report a knottin peptide-drug conjugate (KDC) and demonstrate that it can selectively deliver gemcitabine to malignant cells expressing tumor-associated integrins. This KDC binds to tumor cells with low-nanomolar affinity, is internalized by an integrin-mediated process, releases its payload intracellularly, and is a highly potent inhibitor of brain, breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Notably, these features enable this KDC to bypass a gemcitabine-resistance mechanism found in pancreatic cancer cells. This work expands the therapeutic relevance of knottin peptides to include targeted drug delivery, and further motivates efforts to expand the drug-conjugate toolkit to include non-antibody protein scaffolds.