gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of power management policies in wireless networks (2006)

It has long been recognized that energy conservation usually comes at the cost of degraded performance such as longer delay and lower throughput in stand-alone systems and communication networks. However, there have been very few research efforts in quantifying such trade-offs. In this paper, we develop analytical models to characterize the relationships among energy, delay and throughput for different power management policies in wireless communication. Based on the decision when to put nodes to low-power states, we divide power management policies into two categories, i.e., 1) time-out driven and 2) polling-based. M/G/1/K queues with multiple vacations and an attention span are used to model time-out driven policies while transient analysis is applied to derive the state transition probability in polling-based systems. We find that For time-out driven power management policies, the "optimal" policy exhibits a threshold structure, i.e., when the traffic load is below certain threshold, a node should switch to the low-power state whenever possible and always remain active otherwise. From our analysis, contrary to general beliefs, polling-based policies such as the IEEE 802.11 PSM are not energy efficient for light traffic load.
Effect of Curing Temperature and Silicate Concentration on Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymerization (2006)

The development of the pore structure of geopolymers synthesized from class F fly ash was studied using electron microscopy and porosimetry. Fly-ash-based geopolymer can be classified as a mesoporous aluminosilicate material, with a Si/Al composition varying from 1.51 to 2.24. The Si/Al composition and pore structure of fly-ash-based geopolymer vary depending on the curing temperature and the silicate ratio of the activating solutions (SiO2/M2O, M = Na or K). A higher Si/Al ratio and finer pores are obtained in geopolymers synthesized at higher temperature and silicate ratios. Elevating the curing temperature increases the extent and rate of reaction, shown through an increase in mesopore volume, surface area, and an accelerated setting time. The kinetics appears to be temperature-controlled only before the material is hardened. Very high silicate ratios (SiO2/M2O ≥ 2.0) are also believed to slow the reactions. The pore structure of K-based geopolymer is more susceptible to change in temperature than that of Na-based geopolymer.
Terahertz chemical microscope for label-free detection of protein complex (2010)

A terahertz (THz) chemical microscope (TCM) has been proposed and developed for label-free analysis of the interactions of proteins, including immune reactions. A SiO2/Si/sapphire plate was fabricated and emitted THz pulses from the sapphire side using a femtosecond laser. The amplitude of a THz pulse depends on the chemical potential of the SiO2 surface. As an initial demonstration, a biotin–avidin complex was analyzed using TCM. Results indicate that biotin concentrations of up to 10−12 mol/l could be detected, suggesting that a high sensitivity immunoassay system can be realized using this method. The distribution of the THz peak amplitude was measured, reflecting the distribution of the biotin–avidin complex on the plate.
Concerted but Noncooperative Activation of Nucleotide and Actuator Domains of the Ca-ATPase upon Calcium Binding (2008)

Calcium-dependent domain movements of the actuator (A) and nucleotide (N) domains of the SERCA2a isoform of the Ca-ATPase were assessed using constructs containing engineered tetracysteine binding motifs, which were expressed in insect High-Five cells and subsequently labeled with the biarsenical fluorophore 4',5'-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein (FlAsH-EDT(2)). Maximum catalytic function is retained in microsomes isolated from High-Five cells and labeled with FlAsH-EDT(2). Distance measurements using the nucleotide analog 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP), which acts as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptor from FlAsH, identify a 2.4 A increase in the spatial separation between the N- and A-domains induced by high-affinity calcium binding; this structural change is comparable to that observed in crystal structures. No significant distance changes occur across the N-domain between FlAsH and TNP-ATP, indicating that calcium activation induces rigid body domain movements rather than intradomain conformational changes. Calcium-dependent decreases in the fluorescence of FlAsH bound, respectively, to either the N- or A-domains indicate coordinated and noncooperative domain movements, where both A- and N-domains display virtually identical calcium dependencies (i.e., K(d) = 4.8 +/- 0.4 microM). We suggest that occupancy of a single high-affinity calcium binding site induces the rearrangement of the A- and N-domains of the Ca-ATPase to form an intermediate state, which facilitates phosphoenzyme formation from ATP upon occupancy of the second high-affinity calcium site.
Identification of human urinary mitoxantrone metabolites. (1986)

Two polar metabolites of mitoxantrone, a clinically active antitumor agent, have been isolated and purified from the urine of patients by sequential absorption on glass wool and C18-Sep-Pak cartridges followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry indicated that the two metabolites are the di- and mono-carboxylic acids resulting from oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the side chain(s). Mass spectral comparison of the urinary metabolites with synthetic compounds confirmed the identification.
Treatment of bone metastases with dichloromethylene bisphosphonate. (1992)

We conclude that Cl2MDP was effective in patients presenting bone metastases with and without hypercalcemia. Care should be taken particularly in those patients with mixed metastases when the sclerotic component is predominant, as the drug may enhance the possibility of hypocalcemia, which is generally corrected by effective cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, Cl2MDP can be considered a valuable support in the treatment of bone metastases.
Influence of system load on channel estimation in MC-CDMA mobile radio communication systems (2002)

This paper investigates the influence of a variable system load on the performance of the channel estimation in a multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) transmission scheme. We consider channel estimation based on pilot symbols, which are periodically inserted into the MC-CDMA frame. Starting from the analytical expression of the decision variable, we show the impact of erroneous channel estimation as a function of system load. We derive a simple adaptation rule for the pilot symbol power in order to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss due to channel estimation errors constant for all system loads. We show that this simple rule enables us to minimize the total transmitted power required at a given bit error rate (BER), particularly for systems with high spreading gain as used in mobile radio channels with high frequency diversity.
Mechanical wraparound contacted cell for low cost space arrays (1982)

The paper presents the advantages, performance, reliability and cost of a mechanical wraparound contact on a large area solar cell. The wraparound contact consists of a silver ribbon laminated to the metallization on the back of a solar cell with an insulating acrylic-Kaptonacrylic sandwich and wrapped around the edge to the N+ metallization and welded. The wraparound contact can increase the cell cost by approximately 20%, which must be offset by the panel assembly savings.
The use of synthetic analogues of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor to prevent acute and chronic experimental liver injury. (1998)

In chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and some chronic cholestatic liver diseases, T-lymphocytes serve as effector cells of the immunostimulatory processes. Cellular interactions of immune cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) components are regulated primarily via the beta 1 subfamily of integrin receptors. The target epitope of several such integrin receptors is the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, a cell adhesion motif shared by several matrix-associated adhesive glycoproteins. We review the use of synthetic nonpeptidic analogues of RGD and of soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the prevention of immune-mediated, concanavalin A-induced liver damage in mice and of RGD analogues in inhibiting the development of liver cirrhosis in rats. The concanavalin A-induced elevation of serum transaminases and TNF-alpha, and the infiltration of liver tissue by inflammatory cells, were inhibited by pretreatment of the mice with the synthetic RGD mimetics and soluble TNF receptor. In rats, the progression of thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis was markedly inhibited by the coadministration of the RGD mimetic SF-6,5. The compounds described here may be examined therapeutically for pathological conditions in the liver, manifested as necroinflammation, cholestasis and fibrosis.
A hand-held, high frequency ultrasound scanner (2002)

A new real-time high frequency ultrasound scanner has been developed to easily image superficial structures and estimate blood flow, with several major improvements. A great limitation of previous high frequency systems has been the requirement to water-couple the mechanically-scanned transducer to the object to be imaged, and slowly scan the transducer using a fixed motion system. In this system, we have integrated a high-speed actuator used in conjunction with a low mass transducer enclosed in a hand-held scanhead, which allows direct placement on the eyelid or skin. The design of this system is optimized for high frame rates and clinical versatility. Implemented on this system are B-scan, M-mode, and swept-scan imaging modes, with velocity estimation in the latter two. A series of experiments were performed to characterize system performance. The system provides a frame rate of 10 fps, which is partially limited by the execution time of the software. Phantom images from the scanner have 8-bit resolution with a SNR in excess of 35 dB, providing sharp, high-resolution images.
SACHES and Comparative, International and Development Education in Southern Africa : the challenges and future prospects (2006)

This paper commences with an overview of the international position of Comparative, International and Development Education. This is followed by a survey of the history and present state of SACHES. Thirdly, the focus falls on the position of Comparative Education in South Africa. While Comparative Education has considerable potential in Southern Africa, it needs to address the following: the thin and slowly growing membership base of SACHES, especially outside South Africa, most of all in the francophone and lusophone Southern African countries; the need to rebuild and strengthen an institutional infrastructure for Comparative Education at Southern African universities; effective and dynamic leadership from SACHES's professional members; the development of a well-oiled, effective administrative and logistical underpinning for SACHES; and the need for relevant, high-quality and critical scholarship that is eventually duly integrated into the international corpus of Comparative Education knowledge.
Enhancement of long stability of sulfur cathode by encapsulating sulfur into micropores of carbon spheres (2010)

To enhance the long stability of sulfur cathode for a high energy lithium–sulfur battery system, a sulfur–carbon sphere composite was prepared by encapsulating sulfur into micropores of carbon spheres by thermal treatment of a mixture of sublimed sulfur and carbon spheres. The elemental sulfur exists as a highly dispersed state inside the micropores of carbon spheres with a large surface area and a narrow pore distribution, based on the analyses of the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetry (TG) and local element line-scanning. It is demonstrated from galvanostatic discharge–charge process, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) that the sulfur–carbon sphere composite has a large reversible capacity and an excellent high rate discharge capability as cathode materials. In particular, the sulfur–carbon sphere composite with 42 wt% sulfur presents a long electrochemical stability up to 500 cycles, based on the constrained electrochemical reaction inside the narrow micropores of carbon spheres due to strong adsorption. Therefore, the electrochemical reaction constrained inside the micropores proposed here would be the dominant factor for the enhanced long stability of the sulfur cathode. The knowledge acquired in this study is important not only for the design of efficient new electrode materials, but also for understanding the effect of the micropores on the electrochemical cycle stability.
Aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to SARS-CoV-1 (2020)

To the Editor A novel human coronavirus, now named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, referred to as HCoV-19 here) that emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019 is now causing a pandemic 1 . Here, we analyze the aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 and compare it with SARS-CoV-1, the most closely related human coronavirus. 2 We evaluated the stability of HCoV-19 and SARS-CoV-1 in aerosols and on different surfaces and estimated their decay rates using a Bayesian regression model (see Supplementary Appendix). All experimental measurements are reported as mean across 3 replicates.
Molecular mechanics for phase transition and melting of <i>n</i>-alkanes: A spectroscopic study of molecular mobility of solid <i>n</i>-nonadecane (1981)

n-Nonadecane shows a phase transition from orthorhombic to so called α phase near 22.8 °C and melts at 32 °C. Temperature dependence studies of infrared and Raman spectra of n-nonadecane and of selectively deuterated nonadecanes (2D2 and 10D2) allow one to obtain a detailed description of the structural changes which take place at the phase transition and melting. Experiments are interpreted on the basis of normal mode calculations. Comparison with the information available in the literature from other experiments or calculations shows that additional information are derived in this work. A model for the mechanism of phase transition is proposed.
Evaluation of D-isomers of O-11C-methyl tyrosine and O-18F-fluoromethyl tyrosine as tumor-imaging agents in tumor-bearing mice: comparison with L- and D-11C-methionine. (2006)

These results suggest that D-isomers of (11)C-CMT and (18)F-FMT could be potentially better tracers than L- and D-(11)C-MET for tumor imaging with PET.
Chromosome assignments of genes for human Na(+)-dependent phosphate co-transporters NaPi-3 and NPT-1. (1995)

Chromosome assignments for the genes encoding human renal high affinity Na/phosphate co-transporters NaPi-3 and NPT-1 were derived by analyzing somatic cell hybrid DNAs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers specific for two human Na/Pi co-transporters demonstrated that the genes for NaPi-3 was assigned to human chromosome 5 while that for NPT-1 was assigned to human chromosome 6. Renal phosphate transporter genes may be candidates for causing hereditary hypophosphatemia with hypercalciuria in humans.
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells From Myeloma Patients Support the Growth of Myeloma Stem Cells (2010)

It has been well documented that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of multiple myeloma patients play a pivotal role in supporting the growth of mature myeloma cells. With evolving concepts concerning the presence of myeloma stem (initiating) cells, we aimed this investigation to specifically address the supportive role of BMSCs for myeloma stem cell growth in vitro and in vivo. BMSC lines were derived from myeloma or control patients (myeloma or control BMSCs). Myeloma stem cells of the RPMI 8226 myeloma cell line were recognized through the identification of "side populations" (SP) with Hoechst dye staining. SP cells formed more colonies when grown on myeloma BMSC than on control BMSC. Additionally, higher percentages of SP cells were observed when grown on myeloma BMSCs than on control BMSCs. In the mouse model, SP cells inoculated with myeloma BMSCs grew faster than those inoculated with control BMSCs. Of note, SP cells demonstrated an increased expression of CD184 (CXCR4) compared with non-SP cells. The expression of CD184 in SP cells was further increased when they were cultured with myeloma BMSCs. CD184(+) SP cells formed more colonies than CD184(-) SP cells. Treatment with AMD 3100, an inhibitor of CD184, reduced colony formation by CD184(+) SP cells when co-cultured with myeloma BMSCs. This was associated with the decreased activation of ERK, a downstream target of activated CD184, in myeloma cells. These findings indicate that the myeloma BMSCs create a microenvironment supportive of myeloma stem cells via, at least partially, the CXCR4 signaling pathway.
Event-based control using quadratic approximate value functions (2009)

In this paper we consider several problems involving control with limited actuation and sampling rates. Event-based control has emerged as an attractive approach for addressing the problems of control system design under rate limitations. In event-based control, a system is actuated or a control signal is changed only when certain events occur. For example, a control signal might be applied only when some measure of deviation of the system state from equilibrium is exceeded. Thus, control action is only applied when it is needed, keeping control performance satisfactory while reducing the rate that the system must be sensed and actuated. In principle, the problem of determining how to optimally schedule the sensing or actuation of a system can be cast as a Markov decision process. However, the optimal value function for these Markov decision processes generally does not have a simple structure. So, determining a closed-form expression or simple parametrization of the optimal value function is generally not possible. In this paper we develop new computational methods for event-based control. Under a given policy, one can obtain an upper bound on control performance using an approximate value function for the associated Markov decision process. We will consider performance bounds that can be obtained using quadratic approximate value functions. We will find the policy that minimizes the upper bound obtainable over all possible quadratic approximate value functions. This policy and the associated performance bound can be obtained by solving a sequence of semidefinite programs indexed by a scalar parameter.
Opinion search engine (2016)

Social media and social networks are used as a platform for people to share their experiences such as information and opinions about services and consumer products, or to organize and initiate social events. Some questions would be asked in order to understand the social media and social networks: how can we detect and predict the emerging events? How can we understand people's opinions about a current issue, a new product, or an important event? How can we predict the spatial and temporal propagation patterns of online-discussed issues? This talk is to introduce our research work on a social opinion search engine software that is designed to answer the above questions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Unambiguous Synthesis of α,α‐ and α,. alpha.′‐Dihalogeno Ketones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Forord - Preface (1986)

The third yearly conference of Nordic reindeer researcher was organized by Nordic Council for Reindeer Research in Rovaniemi, Finland, October 15-17, 1986. The conference was to a high degree marked by the Chernobyl reactor accident which had caused serious fallout problems to the reindeer industry in Fennoscandia, especially in Norway and Sweden. The conference language was Scandinavian, but a lot of the manuscripts are delivered in English. All presentations and debates on the first day of the conference were recorded on a tape recorder. The reports are partly done by the editor on the basis of these records. The lecturers were given opportunity to correct and accept the reports.
Selective conversion of coal nitrogen to N2 with iron (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective conversion of coal nitrogen to N2 with ironYasuo Ohtsuka, Hiroshi Mori, Katsutoshi Nonaka, Takashi Watanabe, and Kenji AsamiCite this: Energy Fuels 1993, 7, 6, 1095–1096Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00042a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (258 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts