gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dragon's Blood from Dracaena draco, Structure of Novel Honoisoflavanoids (1983)

Two novel hornisoflavans , 4',7-dihydraxy-(4) and 4',7-dihydroxy--8-merhoxy-(5).were isolated from the resin or rag on's blood", which is produced by Dracaena draco (Liliaeeae) .In the same resin were also identified 4',7-dihydroxy-and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-67aethylhomoisofla~anone (1) and ( 3) , together with (2S)-4'.7-dihydraxy-3'-meth~xy-8-methylf1a~an(8) , (2s)-4',5dihydroxy-7-merhoxy-8arethylflaaan (9) and 3,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyElaaone (10) .Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by synthesis .
Technique for writing of nonlinear optical single-crystal lines in glass (2003)

The technique for the writing of crystal lines in glass by Nd:YAG laser irradiation, selective atom heat processing, is applied to rare-earth (Sm3+, Dy3+) barium borate glasses, and nonlinear optical β-BaB2O4 (β-BBO) crystal lines with a width of ∼5 μm are fabricated. The crystal lines show uniform colors in polarized optical microscope and second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements. The azimuthal dependence of SHG signals in the crystal lines is the same as that in commercially available β-BBO bulk single crystals. It is demonstrated that the crystal lines written by YAG laser irradiations are β-BBO single crystals with the c-axis orientation along the laser scanning direction.
All-optical extended focus imaging system (2003)

A lens in conjunction with a multiplexed set of Fresnel lenses (FL) can significantly reduce the sensitivity of an optical system to defocus aberrations. Each FL is considered as a corrective lens with a slightly different focal length. Thus for a fixed detector plane, there is a set of object planes for which the composite lens provides perfect imaging. The various FLs are multiplexed using code division multiple access procedure. The resulting image is analyzed in this paper. One obtains a significant improvement of depth of field, albeit coupled with a reduction of resolution and image contrast.
Heterojunction bipolar transistors with ion-implanted bases (1986)

Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT's) have been fabricated with Zn ion-implanted bases. These HBT's were fabricated in the normal emitter-up configurations and had dc gains up to 100. This process should further the development of high-density IC's fabricated with HBT's.
Compact Metallic and Ceramic Recuperators for Gas Turbines (1978)

A compact plate-type recuperative heat exchanger feasible in metal or ceramic materials and suitable for stationary and vehicular gas turbines is described. The flow schemes and fabrication techniques of the heat exchanging matrices are illustrated. Metallic and ceramic prototype matrices are shown which have been fabricated successfully. On the bases of experimental heat transmission and friction data for the metallic matrices, typical design solutions are shown for complete recuperators. Design examples for metallic recuperators are given for large nuclear closed-cycle helium turbine power plants and for stationary and vehicular open-cycle gas turbines. For vehicular application, sizes for turbines of several hundred kilowatts are discussed. Two design examples are given of ceramic recuperators for a 70-kw vehicular gas turbine having small overall dimensions when compared to a piston engine. Some cost aspects of the compact recuperators are discussed. Compact metallic recuperators, such as described in the paper, may replace advantageously the tube type or other plate type recuperators for large stationary and vehicular gas turbine cycle applications. Furthermore, the ceramic compact recuperator also described in the paper may be a satisfying practical solution for small vehicular gas turbines, especially for the so-called “ceramic” gas turbines with gas temperatures at the turbine inlet of about 1300 C.
Automated feedback control of body temperature for small animal studies with MR microscopy (1997)

A temperature control system consisting of a thermistor, signal processor, and computer algorithm was developed for magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy of small live animals. With control of body temperature within +/- 0.2 degree C of the set point, heart rate is stabilized and, in turn, repetition time (TR) during cardiac-gated studies is less variable. Thus, image quality and resolution are improved.
Business systems review: a methodology for the management of change (1995)

Presents a methodology which library managers can use to make necessary changes to their departments. The business system review is a methodology to develop strategies to make the library's workflow more efficient to meet its goals. The steps outlined address two aspects of change: analysis of the library's processes; and helping the staff to become part of the change.
Acoustic waves and the study of biochemical macromolecules and cells at the sensor–liquid interface (1999)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
High-sensitivity noncontact atomic force microscope/scanning tunneling microscope (nc AFM/STM) operating at subangstrom oscillation amplitudes for atomic resolution imaging and force spectroscopy (2003)

We describe a new, highly sensitive noncontact atomic force microscope/scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operating in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) with subangstrom oscillation amplitudes for atomic resolution imaging and force–distance spectroscopy. A novel fiber interferometer with ∼4×10−4 Å/Hz noise level is employed to detect cantilever displacements. Subangstrom oscillation amplitude is applied to the lever at a frequency well below the resonance and changes in the oscillation amplitude due to tip–sample force interactions are measured with a lock-in amplifier. Quantitative force gradient images can be obtained simultaneously with the STM topography. Employment of subangstrom oscillation amplitudes lets us perform force–distance measurements, which reveal very short-range force interactions, consistent with the theory. Performance of the microscope is demonstrated with quantitative atomic resolution images of Si(111)(7×7) and force–distance curves showing short interaction range, all obtained with &lt;0.25 Å lever oscillation amplitude. Our technique is not limited to UHV only and operation under liquids and air is feasible.
Virtual spherical lights for many-light rendering of glossy scenes (2009)

In this paper, we aim to lift the accuracy limitations of many-light algorithms by introducing a new light type, the virtual spherical light (VSL). The illumination contribution of a VSL is computed over a non-zero solid angle, thus eliminating the illumination spikes that virtual point lights used in traditional many-light methods are notorious for. The VSL enables application of many-light approaches in scenes with glossy materials and complex illumination that could previously be rendered only by much slower algorithms. By combining VSLs with the matrix row-column sampling algorithm, we achieve high-quality images in one to four minutes, even in scenes where path tracing or photon mapping take hours to converge.
Transfer learning based classification of optical coherence tomography images with diabetic macular edema and dry age-related macular degeneration (2017)

We present an algorithm for identifying retinal pathologies given retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Our approach fine-tunes a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN), GoogLeNet, to improve its prediction capability (compared to random initialization training) and identifies salient responses during prediction to understand learned filter characteristics. We considered a data set containing subjects with diabetic macular edema, or dry age-related macular degeneration, or no pathology. The fine-tuned CNN could effectively identify pathologies in comparison to classical learning. Our algorithm aims to demonstrate that models trained on non-medical images can be fine-tuned for classifying OCT images with limited training data.
Integrated metal-semiconductor-relaxor microstrip lines for application up to 1 GHz (2002)

Multilayer ferrite-high-K microstrip lines are investigated as small-sized, package-compatible low pass filters for applications up to 1 GHz. The results demonstrate that their frequency response can be tuned by adjusting the layer thickness ratio, the resistivity of the semiconductor layer, and the difference between the permittivity-permeability product of each layer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organic Corrosion Inhibitors to Improve the Durability of Adhesion Between Aluminum and Polymeric Coatings (1986)

The application of selected organophosphonates and organosilanes onto pre-treated aluminum surfaces improves their environmental corrosion resistance and bond durability with an external polymeric coating. Ionizable phosphonates, such as nitrilotris methylene phosphonic acid (NTMP), adsorbed at monolayer concentrations, are effective inhibitors against hydration and are compatible with a nitrile-modified epoxy adhesive material. Aqueous solutions of selected organosilane compounds containing reactive side chains (e.g., epoxy, mercapto) render protection against both hydration and localized corrosion, and provide good adhesive bond durability with both nitrile-modified and polyamide (primer) epoxy resin systems. Wedge test results suggest that the curing process (e.g., percent crosslinking) of the epoxy-polyamide primer system is not affected by the addition of organosilanes, but may be affected by NTMP. The results of substrate surface characterization, adsorption behavior of applied films, and evaluation of candidate inhibitors by chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical test methods are presented. Mechanisms to explain the observed behavior of the various phosphonate and silane polymer systems are discussed.
Smashing CSS: Professional Techniques for Modern Layout (2010)

PROFESSIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR MODERN LAYOUT. Smashing CSS takes you well beyond the basics, covering not only the finer points of layout and effects, but introduces you to the future with HTML5 and CSS3. Very few in the industry can show you the ins and outs of CSS like Eric Meyer and inside Smashing CSS Eric provides techniques that are thorough, utterly useful, and universally applicable in the real world. From choosing the right tools, to CSS effects and CSS3 techniques with jQuery, Smashing CSS is the practical guide to building modern web layouts. With Smashing CSS you will learn how to: Th
Cosmid-Based System for Transient Expression and Absolute Off-to-On Transcriptional Control of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Genes (2003)

Cosmids are plasmids that contain the phage lambda sequences (cos) required for packaging of the phage DNA into the virion. Induction of a lambda prophage in an Escherichia coli strain carrying a cosmid results in lysates containing phage particles that are filled with cosmid DNA. However, the lysates also contain a large excess of infectious phage particles which complicate use of the packaged cosmids. I report that cosmids packaged by induction of a strain carrying a prophage with an altered cos region results in lysates containing very high levels (>10(10)/ml) of particles that contain cosmid DNA together with very few infectious phage particles. These lysates can be used to transduce cosmid DNA into all of the cells of a growing culture with minimal physiological disturbance. When the cosmid carries a conditionally active origin of replication, transductional introduction of the cosmid under nonreplicative conditions provides a system of transient expression. Transient expression has been used to make a recA strain temporarily recombination proficient and to temporarily introduce a site-specific recombinase. Transductional introduction of a cosmid also allows absolute off-to-on transcriptional control of nonessential genes. Two examples are given showing that when a strain carrying a null mutation in the gene of interest is transduced with a packaged cosmid carrying a functional copy of that gene, the expression of the gene rapidly goes from absolutely off to high-level expression. Additional possible uses of in vivo-packaged cosmids are proposed.
Availability Modeling of SIP Protocol on IBM© WebSphere© (2008)

We present the availability model of a high availability SIP Application Server configuration on WebSphere. Hardware,operating system and application server failures are considered. Different types of fault detectors, detection delays,failover delays, restarts, reboots and repairs are considered.Imperfect coverages for detection, failover and recovery are incorporated. Computations are based on a set of interacting sub-models of all system components capturing their failure and recovery behavior. The parameter values used in the calculations are based on several sources,including field data, high availability testing, and agreed upon assumptions. In cases where a parameter value is uncertain,due to assumptions or limited test data, a sensitivity analysis of that parameter has been provided. Our analysis indicates the failure types and recovery parameters that are most critical in their impact on overall system availability. These results will help guide system improvement efforts throughout future releases of these products.
Immuno-Regulating Peptides, I. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Thymopentin Analogs (1983)

Seventeen peptides, related to thymopoietin pentapeptide, L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-aspartyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosine (thymopentin) were synthesized by the stepwise strategy in solution. Of these, L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-aspartic acid and L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-aspartyl-L-valine, shortened from the C-terminus of the pentapeptide, exhibit significant immuno-stimulating potencies, exceeding those of thymopentin, both in vitro and in vivo immunological tests. Studies on the structure-activity relationships suggest that the potencial active site of thymopoietins is very sensitive to the N- and C-terminal elongations of the peptide chain. For thymic hormones, an active site carrying cumulative chemical signals is proposed instead of well-defined active centers.
Further insight into the mechanism of Heck oxyarylation in the presence of chiral ligands (2003)

The Heck oxyarylation reaction to 3-benzyloxypterocarpan (15) has been studied in the presence of chiral phosphine ligands, a chiral ionic liquid and (+)--pinene. The observed small selectivities suggest that this reaction takes place through parallel pathways and the main pathway involves an achiral intermediate 11 where the chirality introduced by the chiral ligands is lost. Although practical asymmetric Heck oxyarylation to chiral pterocarpans could not be achieved, a convenient Heck-oxyarylation synthesis of rac-15 with (+)--pinene as ligand gave the highest yield reported to this type of reactions.
Engineering ECM signals into biomaterials (2012)

Historically, tissue engineering focused primarily on the delivery of soluble factors within relatively static scaffolds; yet, increasing evidence indicates that the native, dynamic three-dimensional microenvironment is important in guiding cellular behavior. Consequently, there has been a recent emphasis on increasing the biocomplexity of scaffolds to better mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), including the incorporation of adhesion, degradation, and three-dimensional structures. This review aims to describe important features of the natural ECM and highlight how these features are now being incorporated into synthetic materials to control cellular behavior and tissue evolution towards the development of next generation tissue engineering strategies.
[Advances in the studies of cell-free seminal DNA]. (2013)

Cell-free DNA, also referred to as extracellular DNA, has been detected in many kinds of human body fluids, including blood plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, amniotic fluid, and seminal plasma. At present, cell-free DNA has been reported widely as promising noninvasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and research. Recent years have witnessed some progress in the studies of the general characteristics of cell-free DNA, such as its concentration, extent of molecular weight, origin and existing forms, as well as in its clinical application. Cell-free seminal DNA has been proposed as promising noninvasive biomarkers for the studies and diagnosis of male idiopathic infertility, and the early diagnosis, treatment evaluation and outcome prediction of testicular germ cell tumors and prostatic cancer. This review summarizes the general characteristics and biological functions of cell-free DNA, and outlines the research status and application perspective of cell-free seminal DNA.
Mineral Utilization in Layers as Influenced by Dietary Oligofructose and Inulin (2004)

Sixty White Leghorn hens (57 wk of age) were divided randomly into three groups with two birds per cage. One group received the basal diet, the second group received the basal diet supplemented with 1% (w/w) oligofructose and the third group received 1% (w/w) inulin in the form of 1.3% of a partially purified chicory root extract(Raftifeed®IPE).Birds were allowed free access to feed and water during the 4 w k observation period. Supplementing oligofructose and inulin increased (P 0.05) on the level of magnesium, potassium, copper, zinc or iron in the tibiae was observed among those treatments. In conclusion, dietary oligofructose and inulin can promote bird's health and improve eggshell quality.
Electron−Hole Dynamics in CdTe Tetrapods (2006)

We present transient absorption studies with femtosecond time resolution on the electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapod nanostructures. Electron-hole pairs are generated by optical excitation in the visible spectral range, and an immediate bleach and induced absorption signal are observed. The relaxation dynamics to the lowest excitonic state is completed in about 6 ps. Experiments with polarized excitation pulses give information about the localization of the excited-state wave functions. The influence of the nanocrystal shape on the optical properties of CdTe nanoparticles is discussed.
Caractérisation des phénomènes d’auto-floculation, de bio-floculation et de co-floculation des microalgues dans un chenal algal à haut rendement (synthèse bibliographique) (2014)

Auto-flocculation, bio-flocculation and co-flocculation of microalgae. A review. Recovery of microalgae is one of the main technological and economic concerns in a High Rate Algal Pond because of the small size, the negative surface charges and the low density of these microalgae. Usual recovery techniques (e.g. centrifugation) carry prohibitive energy costs with respect to the final value of products. Moreover, efficient recovery techniques (i.e., those that are natural, sustainable and low cost) are of great interest in waste water treatment processes. In this article, a literature review is conducted in order to identify the theories and mechanisms of three methods used for microalgae recovery (i.e. auto-flocculation, bio-flocculation and co-flocculation), and the characterization of physico-chemical conditions necessary for their implementation. This review could advance the current knowledge regarding some of the processes discussed in the literature and provide a basis for the optimal management of reactors in order to achieve efficient results using these methods.
Identification of Multiple Cracks from Eddy-Current Testing Signals With Noise Sources by Image Processing and Inverse Analysis (2004)

This paper proposes a novel method for identifying the number and positions of cracks and reconstructing crack shapes. It assumes that two-dimensional scanned eddy-current testing (ECT) signals obtained from a steam generator tube are a picture image, then a template matching method with the help of genetic algorithms predicts the number and positions of cracks. The present method employs the superposition of crack signals and a nonlinear scaling technique of a signal profile on the crack length that are verified by numerical simulation. The number and positions of the cracks are satisfactorily predicted. The crack-shape reconstructions from the predicted positions with the help of inverse analysis are achieved with a satisfactory degree of accuracy.
Preparation and Applications of Core-Shell Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2016)

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a new kind of smart polymers with molecular recognition sites complementary to the template molecules in shape, size and functional groups. MIPs can selectively recognize and effectively concentrate target analytes (template molecules) as well as reduce matrices interferences, and they have been widely applied in many fields such as sample pretreatment, chemical/biological sensors, and drug delivery. However, there are still some problems during the traditional synthesis processes of MIPs, such as incomplete template removal, low binding capacity, slow mass transfer and binding kinetic. Surface imprinting is a very effective way to solve the problems, and the resultant core-shell MIPs have cavities at the polymer surface or close to the surface, which can facilitate the elution and diffusion of the template molecules, and increase effective recognition sites and improve imprinting capacities. This review summarizes several types of core-shell MIPs including magnetic core and non-magnetic core, focusing on their preparation and applications. Also, the preparation and development of hollow core-shell MIPs are discussed. Finally, the future outlook of core-shell MIPs is proposed.
Light-Weight Free-Standing Carbon Nanotube-Silicon Films for Anodes of Lithium Ion Batteries (2010)

Silicon is an attractive alloy-type anode material because of its highest known capacity (4200 mAh/g). However, lithium insertion into and extraction from silicon are accompanied by a huge volume change, up to 300%, which induces a strong strain on silicon and causes pulverization and rapid capacity fading due to the loss of the electrical contact between part of silicon and current collector. Si nanostructures such as nanowires, which are chemically and electrically bonded to the current collector, can overcome the pulverization problem, however, the heavy metal current collectors in these systems are larger in weight than Si active material. Herein we report a novel anode structure free of heavy metal current collectors by integrating a flexible, conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) network into a Si anode. The composite film is free-standing and has a structure similar to the steel bar reinforced concrete, where the infiltrated CNT network functions as both mechanical support and electrical conductor and Si as a high capacity anode material for Li-ion battery. Such free-standing film has a low sheet resistance of approximately 30 Ohm/sq. It shows a high specific charge storage capacity (approximately 2000 mAh/g) and a good cycling life, superior to pure sputtered-on silicon films with similar thicknesses. Scanning electron micrographs show that Si is still connected by the CNT network even when small breaking or cracks appear in the film after cycling. The film can also "ripple up" to release the strain of a large volume change during lithium intercalation. The conductive composite film can function as both anode active material and current collector. It offers approximately 10 times improvement in specific capacity compared with widely used graphite/copper anode sheets.