gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncolytic Capacity of Attenuated Replicative Semliki Forest Virus in Human Melanoma Xenografts in Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice (2006)

Oncolytic viruses have gained attention as a novel form of cancer treatment. Many viral vectors in use today have been rendered safe by deletion of genes encoding viral structural proteins, thus making them unable to spread beyond the first infected cells. Hence, such replication-deficient constructs may lack efficacy. Here, we analyzed the oncolytic potential of the replication-competent vector VA7-EGFP, based on the avirulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) strain A7(74), to kill cancer cells in culture as well as to target s.c. human melanoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. VA7-EGFP was able to infect most cancer cell lines studied, leading to complete lysis of the cells within 72 hours after infection. In SCID mice grafted with A2058 human melanoma, marked regression of the xenografts was observed following a single injection of 10(6) plaque-forming units of virus given either i.p., i.v., or intratumorally. Histologic analysis revealed the presence of virus not only in all treated tumors but also in the brains of the treated mice, causing progressing neuropathology beginning at day 16 after infection. Following initial oncolysis, clusters of viable tumor cells were observed embedded in connective tissue, and at later stages, encapsulated tumor nodules had formed. Infection of melanoma cells from explant cultures of these nodules revealed that a portion of the cells were resistant to virus. To be eligible for use in virotherapy, the ability of avirulent SFV to spread within tumor tissue may have to be improved and the biological safety of the virus may have to be addressed thoroughly in higher animals.
Copper-Activated Aluminosilicate Phosphors (1951)

A new system of blue‐luminescing, copper‐activated aluminosilicate phosphors, corresponding to the general formula , is reported. These phosphors can be synthesized from any combination of Group I A and Group II metals, and they can tolerate a wide variation in the quantities of all the oxide components, including the copper activator.
4‐Aryldihydropyridine, eine neue Klasse hochwirksamer Calcium‐Antagonisten (1981)

Abstract Die von Hantzsch vor nahezu hundert Jahren synthetisierten Aryldihydropyridine erwiesen sich in jüngerer Zeit als hochwirksame und gut verträgliche Calcium‐Antagonisten. Paradebeispiel ist der bereits therapeutisch angewandte 1,4‐Dihydro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐( o ‐nitrophenyl)pyridin‐3,5‐dicarbonsäure‐dimethylester (Nifedipine). Dieser Stoff setzt die Anfallshäufigkeit bei Angina pectoris herab und senkt den Blutdruck. Die Entdeckung der therapeutischen Wirksamkeit dieser Stoffklasse initiierte erneute Untersuchungen der Hantzsch‐Kondensation sowie die Synthese zahlreicher 4‐Aryldihydropyridine und verwandter Verbindungen. Aus ihren biologischen Daten lassen sich qualitative und quantitative Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen ableiten.
A phase I safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of recombinant Apo2L/TRAIL, an apoptosis-inducing protein in patients with advanced cancer (2006)

3013 Background: Recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL (rhApo2L) is the only dual pro-apoptotic receptor agonist that directly activates both pro-apoptotic receptors (DR4 & DR5). RhApo2L selectively induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) in a variety of cancer cells, while sparing most normal cells in preclinical models. RhApo2L is being co-developed by Genentech and Amgen as a targeted therapy for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The present study was designed to assess the safety and PK of intravenous rhApo2L administered for the first time to humans, comparing safety in patients with liver metastasis to those without. Methods: RhApo2L was administered to patients with advanced solid tumors or NHL for 5 consecutive days every three weeks up to 8 cycles at dose levels of 0.5, 1.5, 4, 8, and 15 mg/kg. Patients without liver metastasis were treated before patients with liver metastasis in a staggered fashion. Results: Fifty-one adult patients have currently been enrolled and treated through 15 mg/kg. Of 36 patients with available data, the most common diagnoses were colorectal, melanoma, lung, and ovarian cancers. After 586 administered doses, there were no dose-limiting toxicities or clearly attributable toxicities. Thirty-two patients had at least one post-baseline tumor assessment with 17 (53%) having stable disease, and 13 (41%) with progression. One patient with a chondrosarcoma had a confirmed, objective partial response at 8 mg/kg. No anti-Apo2L antibodies have been detected. PK results will be presented separately. Conclusions: RhApo2L is safe and well tolerated up to 15 mg/kg. Enrollment is continuing at 8 mg/kg for expanded safety data and further dose optimization. Contribution to the standard treatment of advanced solid tumors and hematologic malignancies should be evaluated in randomized trials. [Table: see text]
Primitive Fitting Based on the Efficient multiBaySAC Algorithm (2015)

Although RANSAC is proven to be robust, the original RANSAC algorithm selects hypothesis sets at random, generating numerous iterations and high computational costs because many hypothesis sets are contaminated with outliers. This paper presents a conditional sampling method, multiBaySAC (Bayes SAmple Consensus), that fuses the BaySAC algorithm with candidate model parameters statistical testing for unorganized 3D point clouds to fit multiple primitives. This paper first presents a statistical testing algorithm for a candidate model parameter histogram to detect potential primitives. As the detected initial primitives were optimized using a parallel strategy rather than a sequential one, every data point in the multiBaySAC algorithm was assigned to multiple prior inlier probabilities for initial multiple primitives. Each prior inlier probability determined the probability that a point belongs to the corresponding primitive. We then implemented in parallel a conditional sampling method: BaySAC. With each iteration of the hypothesis testing process, hypothesis sets with the highest inlier probabilities were selected and verified for the existence of multiple primitives, revealing the fitting for multiple primitives. Moreover, the updated version of the initial probability was implemented based on a memorable form of Bayes' Theorem, which describes the relationship between prior and posterior probabilities of a data point by determining whether the hypothesis set to which a data point belongs is correct. The proposed approach was tested using real and synthetic point clouds. The results show that the proposed multiBaySAC algorithm can achieve a high computational efficiency (averaging 34% higher than the efficiency of the sequential RANSAC method) and fitting accuracy (exhibiting good performance in the intersection of two primitives), whereas the sequential RANSAC framework clearly suffers from over- and under-segmentation problems. Future work will aim at further optimizing this strategy through its application to other problems such as multiple point cloud co-registration and multiple image matching.
Single-snapshot 2D color measurement by plenoptic imaging system (2014)

<strong>Plenoptic cameras</strong> enable capture of directional light ray information, thus allowing applications such as digital refocusing, depth estimation, or multiband imaging. One of the most common plenoptic camera architectures contains a microlens array at the conventional image plane and a sensor at the back focal plane of the microlens array. We leverage the multiband imaging (MBI) function of this camera and develop a single-snapshot, <strong>single-sensor high color fidelity camera.</strong> Our camera is based on a plenoptic system with XYZ filters inserted in the pupil plane of the main lens. To achieve high color measurement precision of this system, we perform an end-to-end optimization of the system model that includes light source information, object information, optical system information, plenoptic image processing and color estimation processing. Optimized system characteristics are exploited to build an XYZ plenoptic colorimetric camera prototype that achieves high color measurement precision. We describe an application of our colorimetric camera to color shading evaluation of display and show that it achieves color accuracy of ΔE<0.01.
Learning with annotation noise (2009)

It is usually assumed that the kind of noise existing in annotated data is random classification noise. Yet there is evidence that differences between annotators are not always random attention slips but could result from different biases towards the classification categories, at least for the harder-to-decide cases. Under an annotation generation model that takes this into account, there is a hazard that some of the training instances are actually hard cases with unreliable annotations. We show that these are relatively unproblematic for an algorithm operating under the 0--1 loss model, whereas for the commonly used voted perceptron algorithm, hard training cases could result in incorrect prediction on the uncontroversial cases at test time.
A solution method for the nonlinear wave resistance problem (1996)

Note: These Universite technique de Delft Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Performance and reliability optimization of ultrashort channel CMOS device for giga-bit DRAM applications (2002)

Extensive reliability and performance characteristics of ultrashort channel CMOS devices with various process conditions for giga-bit DRAM were investigated. Using conventional process with various oxide thicknesses and doping profiles, we fabricated 0.1 /spl mu/m channel length n/sup +/ gate MOSFETs with excellent electrical characteristics. Based on these results, practical device design windows were proposed for 1.5 V operating bias. Considering significant improvement of hot carrier lifetime of ring-oscillator, hot-carrier reliability is not a major constraint for L/sub eff/=0.1 /spl mu/m at 1.5 V operating bias.
X-ray computed tomography for medical imaging (1997)

The article looks at reconstruction in 2-D and 3-D tomography. We have not dealt with some of the issues in reconstruction such as sampling and aliasing artifacts, finite detector aperture artifacts, beam hardening artifacts, etc., in greater detail since these are beyond the scope of an introductory tutorial. We examine the physical and mathematical concepts of the Radon (1917) transform, and the basic parallel beam reconstruction algorithms are discussed. We also develop the algorithms for fan-beam CT, and discuss the mathematical principles of cone-beam CT.
A fully symmetrical 60GHz transceiver architecture for IEEE 802.15.3c application (2010)

This paper presents a new multi-conversion super heterodyne architecture for 60GHz broadband wireless application. The proposed design consists of a three-stage conversion with the help of a 24GHz VCO and a divider. The local oscillator frequency stands far away from RF and both IF signals reduce inter-modulate interference. The first and second mixers sharing the same 24GHz VCO relax the complexity and lowering power consumption of both VCO and PLL. Reusing of LO signal without frequency doublers or triplers for multiple conversions reduces power, area and improves efficiency. The topology is symmetrical about the transmitter and receiver sections. This unique feature reduces any circuit mismatches and provides a balance load for the VCO. The proposed design is simulated with ADS at the system level. The transceiver shows high sensitivity and indicates low power design on chip.
Transmissible Murine Colonic Hyperplasia (1978)

After exposure to a variant of Citrobacter freundii, suckling and adult mice developed transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia of the same degree of severity. Mucosal hyperplasia was most severe 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation and then regressed. Suckling mice had a high mortality because of secondary inflammatory and erosive changes. Severe hyperplasia was characterized by mitotic activity along the entire crypt column and surface mucosa.
Prospective hemorrhage risk of intracerebral cavernous malformations (2012)

This study provides an estimate of prospective annual symptomatic hemorrhage risk in patients with ICMs stratified by initial presenting symptom. Prior hemorrhage, male gender, and multiplicity of ICMs may predict future hemorrhage. Hemorrhage risk decreases with time in those initially presenting with hemorrhage.
Blood Eosinophils to Direct Corticosteroid Treatment of Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (2012)

The peripheral blood eosinophil count is a promising biomarker to direct corticosteroid therapy during COPD exacerbations, but larger studies are required.
Two-dimensional semiconductors: recent progress and future perspectives (2013)

Graphene with a sp2-honeycomb carbon lattice has drawn a large amount of attention due to its excellent properties and potential applications in many fields. Similar to the structure of graphene, two-dimensional semiconductors are its two-dimensional and isostructural counterparts based on the typical layer-structured semiconductors, such as boron nitride (h-BN) and transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g. MoS2 and WS2), whose layers are bound by weak van der Waals forces. Unlike the semi-metal features of graphene, the two-dimensional semiconductors are natural semiconductors with thicknesses on the atomic scale. When one of the dimensions is extremely reduced, the two-dimensional semiconductors exhibit some unique properties, such as a transition from indirect to direct semiconductor properties, and hence have great potential for applications in electronics, energy storage, sensors, catalysis and composites, which arise both from the dimension-reduced effect and from the modified electronic structure. In this feature article, recent developments in the synthesis, properties and applications of two-dimensional semiconductors are discussed. The reported virtues and novelties of two-dimensional semiconductors are highlighted and the current problems in their developing process are clarified, in addition to their challenges and future prospects.
2D Materials Beyond Graphene for High‐Performance Energy Storage Applications (2016)

Energy crisis is one of the most urgent and critical issues in our modern society. Currently, there is an increasing demand for efficient, low‐cost, light‐weight, flexible and environmentally benign, small‐, medium‐, and large‐scale energy storage devices, which can be used to power smart grids, portable electronic devices, and electric vehicles. Novel electrode materials, with a high energy density at high power are urgently needed for realizing high‐performance energy storage devices. The recent development in the field of 2D materials, including both graphene and other layered systems, has shown promise for a wide range of applications. In particular, graphene analogues, due to their remarkable electrochemical properties, have shown great potential in energy‐related applications. This review aims at providing an overview of current research and important advances on the development of 2D materials beyond graphene for supercapacitors and batteries. The major challenges to be tackled, and more generally the future directions in the field, are also highlighted.
Plasma contactor development for Space Station (1993)

Plasma contactors have been baselined for the Space Station (SS) to control the electrical potentials of surfaces to eliminate/mitigate damaging interactions with the space environment. The system represents a dual-use technology which is a direct outgrowth of the NASA electric propulsion program and, in particular, the technology development effort on ion thrustor systems. The plasma contactor subsystems include the plasma contactor unit, a power electronics unit, and an expellant management unit. Under this pre-flight development program these will all be brought to breadboard or engineering model status. Development efforts for the plasma contactor include optimizing the design and configuration of the contactor, validating its required lifetime, and characterizing the contactor plume and electromagnetic interference. The plasma contactor unit design selected for the SS is an enclosed keeper, xenon hollow cathode plasma source. This paper discusses the test results and development status of the plasma contactor unit subsystem for the SS.
Coordinating Transcription and Text Generation in Working Memory during Composing: Automatic and Constructive Processes (1999)

Research evidence is reviewed to show (a) that transcription and working memory processes constrain the development of composition skills in students with and without learning disabilities; and (b) that in turn other processes constrain the development of transcription and working memory skills. The view of working memory as a resource-limited process is contrasted with a view of working memory as a resource-coordination process that integrates transcription and constructive processes, which may be on different time scales, in real time. Theory-driven, research-validated interventions for transcription are discussed with a focus on how training transcription transfers to improved composition. Five theoretical explanations for why the spelling component of transcription is more difficult to learn than the word recognition component of reviewing are also considered with a focus on the instructional implications of each for improving spelling. Finally, a rationale is presented for directing writing instruction to the simultaneous goals of (a) automaticity of low-level transcription and (b) high-level construction or meaning for purposeful communication.
Rhodium-catalyzed acyloxy migration of propargylic esters in cycloadditions, inspiration from the recent “gold rush” (2012)

Transition metal-catalyzed acyloxy migration of propargylic esters offers versatile entries to allene and vinyl carbene intermediates for various fascinating subsequent transformations. Most π-acidic metals (e.g. gold and platinum) are capable of facilitating these acyloxy migration events. However, very few of these processes involve redox chemistry, which are well-known for most other transition metals such as rhodium. The coupling of acyloxy migration of propargylic esters with oxidative addition, migratory insertion, and reductive elimination may lead to ample new opportunities for the design of new reactions. This tutorial review summarizes recent developments in Rh-catalyzed 1,3- and 1,2-acyloxy migration of propargylic esters in a number of cycloaddition reactions. Related Au- and Pt-catalyzed cycloadditions involving acyloxy migration are also discussed.
Fourier-based Rotation Invariant image features (2009)

Fourier Coefficients have long been used to achieve invariance to signal transformations. For the purposes of image processing, the magnitude of the Fourier transform has been used in conjunction with other transforms to achieve invariance to rotation. In this paper we propose a Rotation Invariant Descriptor for matching images based on features derived from the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The features combine both the phase and the magnitude information to achieve invariance. Experiments are conducted to show the robustness of these features under changes of scale and compression of images.
Zusammenfassung (1999)

Die Themenbereiche „Stoffhaushalt der Landschaftsräume“ und „Diffuse Belastung“ von Böden, von ober- und unterirdischen Gewässern haben in den letzten Jahren, z.B. durch die Probleme, die in den küstennahen Meeren aufgetreten sind, wie Ost- und Nordsee, an Aktualität gewonnen. Auch durch Probleme an binnenländischen aquatischen Systemen muß dieser Aspekt heute bei wasserwirtschaftlichen Planungen vermehrt mit einbezogen werden. So stellt sich heute z.B. die Frage, wie weit in Flußsystemen der Ausbau der Stickstoff-Elimination in Kläranlagen zu einer wirklichen Entlastung des Gewässersystems führt. Im vorliegenden Buch wird die Beziehung Mensch —(Industrie, Gewerbe) — Landschaft in Form von Emissionspfaden sowie das System Atmosphäre — Vegetation — Boden — Gewässer mit seinen Wasser- und Stoffströmen und internen Prozessen betrachtet und behandelt. Der Schwerpunkt wird dabei auf folgende Aspekte gelegt:
Biological Control and Its Integration in Weed Management Systems for Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (<i>Cyperus rotundus</i>and<i>C. esculentus</i>) (1987)

Observations of the effects of living organisms on weeds dates from 1795 when an insect, Dactylopius ceylonicus , was introduced for drooping pricklypear ( Opuntia vulgaris Miller) control over a vast area. Since that time, biological control of weeds employed mainly the classical strategy of introducing natural enemies from areas of co-evolution. Self-perpetuation and dissemination of these introduced enemies was essential to suppress successfully the weed below economic levels. This classical tactic is suited particularly for weeds that are distributed widely in less intensively cropped or noncropped areas. Guidelines to introduce foreign organisms for biological control of weeds in the United States have been established.
Intermediate and Long-Term Results of Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale Using the Amplatzer Patent Foramen Ovale Occluder: One Case of Pulmonary Embolism Irrespective of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure (2011)

It can be concluded that according to the intermediate and long-term follow-up results, transcatheter PFO closure is an effective and safe therapeutic modality in the prevention of thromboembolic events, especially in the patients with cryptogenic stroke/TIA, and PFO closure is helpful in the treatment of migraine. However, this study involved a small number of patients and also the follow-up period was not long enough. Hence, randomized, controlled trials are necessary to determine if this approach is preferable to medical therapy for the prevention of recurrent stroke or as primary treatment for patients with migraine headache.
Genetic Vaccination against Malaria Infection by Intradermal and Epidermal Injections of a Plasmid Containing the Gene Encoding the<i>Plasmodium berghei</i>Circumsporozoite Protein (2000)

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from the surface of sporozoite stage Plasmodium sp. malaria parasites is among the most important of the malaria vaccine candidates. Gene gun injection of genetic vaccines encoding Plasmodium berghei CSP induces a significant protective effect against sporozoite challenge; however, intramuscular injection does not. In the present study we compared the immune responses and protective effects induced by P. berghei CSP genetic vaccines delivered intradermally with a needle or epidermally with a gene gun. Mice were immunized three times at 4-week intervals and challenged by a single infectious mosquito bite. Although 50 times more DNA was administered by needle than by gene gun, the latter method induced significantly greater protection against infection. Intradermal injection of the CSP genetic vaccine induced a strong Th1-type immune response characterized by a dominant CSP-specific immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) humoral response and high levels of gamma interferon produced by splenic T cells. Gene gun injection induced a predominantly Th2-type immune response characterized by a high IgG1/IgG2a ratio and significant IgE production. Neither method generated measurable cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. The results indicate that a gene gun-mediated CS-specific Th2-type response may be best for protecting against malarial sporozoite infection when the route of parasite entry is via mosquito bite.