gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for trehalose‐6‐phosphate‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms in the control of sugar influx into yeast glycolysis (1996)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, trehalose-6-phosphate (tre-6-P) synthase encoded by GGS1/TPS1, is not only involved in the production of trehalose but also in restriction of sugar influx into glycolysis in an unknown fashion; it is therefore essential for growth on glucose or fructose. In this work, we have deleted the TPS2 gene encoding tre-6-P phosphatase in a strain which displays very low levels of Ggs1/TPS1, as a result of the presence of the byp 1-3 allele of GGS1/TPS1. The byp 1-3 tps2 delta double mutant showed elevated tre-6-P levels along with improved growth and ethanol production, although the estimated concentrations of glycolytic metabolites indicated excessive sugar influx. In the wild-type strain, the addition of glucose caused a rapid transient increase of tre-6-P. In tps 2 delta mutant cells, which showed a high tre-6-P level before glucose addition, sugar influx into glycolysis appeared to be diminished. Furthermore, we have confirmed that tre-6-P inhibits the hexokinases in vitro. These data are consistent with restriction of sugar influx into glycolysis through inhibition of the hexokinases by tre-6-P during the switch to fermentative metabolism. During logarithmic growth on glucose the tre-6-P level in wild-type cells was lower than that of the byp 1-3 tps2 delta mutant. However, the latter strain arrested growth and ethanol production on glucose after about four generations. Hence, other mechanisms, which also depend on Ggs1/Tps1, appear to control sugar influx during growth on glucose. In addition, we provide evidence that the requirement for Ggs1/Tps1 for sporulation may be unrelated to its involvement in trehalose metabolism or in the system controlling glycolysis.
Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. III. In Vitro Organoid Expression and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Kinetics in Hollow Fiber Culture<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1979)

Cell line LS174T was established in our laboratory from a primary human colon adenocarcinoma and was serially cultured for 4 years. Following 1 month of culture in perfused hollow fiber matrices, organoid growth reminiscent of the patient's original tumor was observed. The cellular organization was predominantly glandular with mucin located within gland lumina and cells. Glands had irregular brush borders, well-developed junctional complexes, and intracytoplasmic lumina lined with microvilli, features found in adenocarcinoma tissue. Alternate-day determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) revealed biphasic kinetics in the extracapillary fluids of the hollow fiber system but not in identically treated monolayer cultures. The initial rate of CEA release was similar to that of monolayer cultures. A significantly accelerated secondary CEA release phase was observed in 10,000- and 50,000-molecular weight (MW)-exclusion fiber cultures (P less than or equal to 0.001 and P = 0.05, respectively). Totals of 43.8 micrograms and 112.6 micrograms CEA were released into the extracapillary fluids of 10,000- and 50,000-MW-exclusion fiber cultures, respectively, which were onefold and 2.3-fold increases, respectively, over monolayer supernatant yields. Most CEA was released during the final days of the secondary phase. In monolayer cultures, maximum CEA release occurred during the stationary phase of growth.
780 nm oxidised vertical-cavity surface-emittinglasers with Al <sub>0.11</sub> Ga <sub>0.89</sub> As quantum wells (1996)

Low threshold vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with Al0.11Ga0.89As four quantum wells for 780 nm wavelength emission are fabricated using aluminum oxide apertures. The fabrication process requires only single step mask alignment. The 3.4 µm square laser exhibits a low threshold current of 200 µA, which is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the previous values obtained at 780 nm. Singlemode peak output power is 1.1 mW. This 3.4 µm laser is found to operate in the fundamental transverse mode over the complete operating current range. The 7.6 µm square laser shows peak output power of 2.7 mW.
Fabrication in a Single Synthetic Step of Electrochemically Active LiMO<sub>2</sub> (M = Ni and Co) Thin-Film Electrodes Using Soft Solution Processing at 20−200 °C (1998)

Well-crystallized and electrochemically active Li1-xNi1+xO2 and LiCoO2 thin-film electrodes for lithium rechargeable microbatteries can be fabricated in a single synthetic step using an economical, less energy consuming, and environmentally friendly “Soft Solution Processing” method in a concentrated LiOH solution at fixed temperatures between 20 and 200 °C without any postsynthesis annealing. While the purely hydrothermal treatment of cobalt plates directly leads to the formation of LiCoO2 films, Ni(OH)2 films on nickel plates are fabricated under the same hydrothermal conditions. By using the electrochemical−hydrothermal approach under supplementary galvanostatic charge with the same hydrothermal conditions, Li1-xNi1+xO2 films can only be effectively prepared in a single synthetic step from nickel plates. Such different activation methods required for the preparation of LiCoO2 and Li1-xNi1+xO2 films respectively can be ascribed to the different metal cation valencies between dissolved nickel species (that contain divalent nickel) and dissolved cobalt species (that should possess trivalent cobalt).
Neural network applications in telecommunications (1994)

Neural network capabilities include automatic and organized handling of complex information, quick adaptation to continuously changing environments, nonlinear modeling, and parallel implementation. This viewgraph presentation presents Bellcore work on applications, learning chip computational function, learning system block diagram, neural network equalization, broadband access control, calling-card fraud detection, software reliability prediction, and conclusions.
Characterization of genomically amplified segments using PCR: Optimizing relative‐PCR for reliable and simple gene expression and gene copy analyses (2000)

Gene amplification is one of the mechanisms for oncogene activation in solid tumors. The size of the amplified regions may vary considerably among individual tumors, and more than one gene may be affected within the same amplicon. The main objective in analyzing genomic amplifications has therefore been to map the shortest region involved and to identify genes with increased expression as a result of the increased gene copy number. To facilitate such an analysis, we have developed simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures using the internal standards beta-actin (ACTB) and L1Hs for gene expression and gene copy number analyses, respectively. We used cDNA derived from pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, and genomic DNA extracted from the same cell lines, as templates in the gene expression and in the gene copy number analyses, respectively. To determine the optimal number of PCR cycles, dilution series of the templates were made. Furthermore, competing primers were used to adjust for differences in target sequence levels. We show that by these simple means it is possible to determine optimal conditions for expression analyses. In addition, the procedure was adapted for the analysis of gene copy number changes at the genomic level using L1Hs as the internal standard. This PCR method makes it possible to produce detailed gene copy number profiles of amplified genomic regions. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Immune related adverse events associated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies: systematic review and meta-analysis (2015)

The price of potential long-term survival to metastatic tumors is an atypical immune toxicity, reflecting the mechanism of action of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. A better knowledge of these irAEs and its management in a multidisciplinary approach will help to reduce morbidity and therapy interruptions.
A low-cost multielectrode system for data acquisition enabling real-time closed-loop processing with rapid recovery from stimulation artifacts (2009)

Commercially available data acquisition systems for multielectrode recording from freely moving animals are expensive, often rely on proprietary software, and do not provide detailed, modifiable circuit schematics. When used in conjunction with electrical stimulation, they are prone to prolonged, saturating stimulation artifacts that prevent the recording of short-latency evoked responses. Yet electrical stimulation is integral to many experimental designs, and critical for emerging brain-computer interfacing and neuroprosthetic applications. To address these issues, we developed an easy-to-use, modifiable, and inexpensive system for multielectrode neural recording and stimulation. Setup costs are less than US$10,000 for 64 channels, an order of magnitude lower than comparable commercial systems. Unlike commercial equipment, the system recovers rapidly from stimulation and allows short-latency action potentials (<1 ms post-stimulus) to be detected, facilitating closed-loop applications and exposing neural activity that would otherwise remain hidden. To illustrate this capability, evoked activity from microstimulation of the rodent hippocampus is presented. System noise levels are similar to existing platforms, and extracellular action potentials and local field potentials can be recorded simultaneously. The system is modular, in banks of 16 channels, and flexible in usage: while primarily designed for in vivo use, it can be combined with commercial preamplifiers to record from in vitro multielectrode arrays. The system's open-source control software, NeuroRighter, is implemented in C#, with an easy-to-use graphical interface. As C# functions in a managed code environment, which may impact performance, analysis was conducted to ensure comparable speed to C++ for this application. Hardware schematics, layout files, and software are freely available. Since maintaining wired headstage connections with freely moving animals is difficult, we describe a new method of electrode-headstage coupling using neodymium magnets.
Principal component analysis (PCA) of microhabitat variables. (2015)

<p>Eigenvalues were 2.7 and 2.0 for PC1 and PC2 respectively, explaining 30 and 22% of the variance in microhabitat characteristics, respectively. Variables with values greater than 0.3 are considered to contribute strongly to the axes and are represented in bold.</p><p>Principal component analysis (PCA) of microhabitat variables.</p>
Physicochemical Studies on Isonicotinoylhydrazine Derivatives. IV (1958)

In order to clarify the equilibrium mechanism of furfurylidene-INAH in aqueous solution, equilibrium constants of furfurylidene-INAH and 1-benzoyl-2-furfurylidenehydrazine in buffer solutions of various pH were measured. It was found that the variation in the resonance structure of furfurylidene-INAH in acidity had no direct effect on equilibrium constants but an effect on the ionic dissociation constant of its azomethine group.
Study on Virtual Measurement of Flow Rate Characteristics of Discharge Solenoid Valve (2010)

Geometric model for discharge from a tank is presented, and after meshing, setting initial conditions and boundary conditions, the discharge process is simulated and the mass flow rate, pressure and temperature during discharge are obtained. Through comparing the results of numerical simulation and experiment for pressure and temperature curves, it can be found they are approximate, which shows that the simulation results are very reliable. With simulation results, the flow rate characteristics which are virtually measured are close to that of ISO6358, and the relative errors of sonic conductance and critical pressure ratio are about 1% and 3%, respectively. This method is energy-saving and has a broad prospect in application.
Hippocampal shape is predictive for the development of dementia in a normal, elderly population (2013)

Previous studies have shown that hippocampal volume is an early marker for dementia. We investigated whether hippocampal shape characteristics extracted from MRI scans are predictive for the development of dementia during follow up in subjects who were nondemented at baseline. Furthermore, we assessed whether hippocampal shape provides additional predictive value independent of hippocampal volume. Five hundred eleven brain MRI scans from elderly nondemented participants of a prospective population-based imaging study were used. During the 10-year follow-up period, 52 of these subjects developed dementia. For training and evaluation independent of age and gender, a subset of 50 cases and 150 matched controls was selected. The hippocampus was segmented using an automated method. From the segmentation, the volume was determined and a statistical shape model was constructed. We trained a classifier to distinguish between subjects who developed dementia and subjects who stayed cognitively healthy. For all subjects the a posteriori probability to develop dementia was estimated using the classifier in a cross-validation experiment. The area under the ROC curve for volume, shape, and the combination of both were, respectively, 0.724, 0.743, and 0.766. A logistic regression model showed that adding shape to a model using volume corrected for age and gender increased the global model-fit significantly (P = 0.0063). We conclude that hippocampal shape derived from MRI scans is predictive for dementia before clinical symptoms arise, independent of age and gender. Furthermore, the results suggest that hippocampal shape provides additional predictive value over hippocampal volume and that combining shape and volume leads to better prediction.
Polymerization of β‐cyanopropionaldehyde (1966)

Abstract A new class of polyacetals, poly(cyanoethyl)oxymethylene, was obtained by the polymerization of β‐cyanopropionaldehyde at −78°C. with use of ionic initiators including boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, diethylzinc, triethylaluminum, and triethylaluminumtitanium tetrachloride complexes. The influence of temperature, initiator, and solvent upon the polymerization was studied. Infrared spectra of polymers obtained from different initiators are also illustrated. An attempt was made to fractionate the polymer by means of solvent extraction. The acetone‐soluble polymer is an elastomeric material having a low solution viscosity. The acetone‐insoluble, dimethylformamide‐soluble polymer obtained as a white powder was found to have extremely high solution viscosity. Some amounts of insoluble fraction could be also separated. The latter two fractions were observed to have a reasonable stability.
Infra-red spectral microscopy of standing-wave resonances in single metal-dielectric-metal thin-film cavity (2015)

Resonantly absorbing thin films comprising periodically sub-wavelength structured metal surface, dielectric spacer, and metal ground plane are a topic of current interest with important applications. These structures are frequently described as “metamaterials”, where effective permittivity and permeability with dispersion near electric and magnetic resonances allow impedance matching to free space for maximum absorption. In this paper, we compare synchrotron-based infrared spectral microscopy of a single isolated unit cell and a periodic array, and we show that the resonances have little to do with periodicity. Instead, the observed absorption spectra of usual periodically structured thin films are best described as due to standing-wave resonances within each independent unit cell, rather than as due to effective optical constants of a metamaterial. The effect of having arrays of unit cells is mainly to strengthen the absorption by increasing the fill factor, and such arrays need not be periodic. Initial work toward applying the subject absorbers to room-temperature bolometer arrays is presented.
Removal of humic acid from peat soils by using AlCl3 prior to DNA extraction (2017)

The amplification of environmental DNA is one of the main steps in microbial diversity profiling of environmental samples. To represent the microbial community in the soil, DNA extraction is initially needed. The major inhibitor in the soil is a humic acid which greatly inhibits the ability of enzymes to amplify DNA. The protocol provided with the commercial kit was not able to resolve the problem. We, therefore, introduced a modification for soil sample treatment with AlCl3 as a flocculating agent that is capable of removing the humic substance contained in peat soil. This technique was superior to the original instruction for extracting DNA with the FastDNA® Spin Kit for Soil (MP Bio, USA).
A Spectrally Tunable Smart LED Lighting System With Closed-Loop Control (2016)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs), with their ability to produce tunable light spectrums, present a significant opportunity to improve on existing lighting systems. They can be applied to smart and specialized lighting, which can be highly beneficial in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In this paper, we present a novel closed-loop control algorithm with feedback from a spectral sensor, which allows the light output spectrum to converge toward a target spectrum. The control system was experimentally validated by the hardware implementation of a wireless smart lighting system with the eight tunable LED channels with different dominant wavelengths (450-650 nm) designed to cover a large portion of the visible light spectrum. Experimental results show a near perfect replication of target spectra, with an accuracy within 5% for the correlated color temperatures and Euclidean distances which fall well within a five-step u'v' unit circle.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant baculovirus-expressed Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA): measurement of human anti-PA antibodies (1994)

We developed an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which does not require purified protective antigen (PA) for detection of human antibodies to Bacillus anthracis PA. Lysates of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells infected with recombinant baculovirus containing the PA gene were used as the source of PA to develop the ELISA. Recombinant PA from crude Sf-9 cell lysates or PA purified from B. anthracis Sterne strain was captured by an anti-PA monoclonal antibody coated onto microtiter plates. We demonstrated that human serum antibody titers to PA were identical in the ELISA whether we used crude Sf-9 cell lysates containing recombinant baculovirus-expressed PA or purified Sterne PA. Finally, false-positive results observed in a direct ELISA were eliminated with this antigen capture ELISA. Thus, the antigen capture ELISA with crude preparations of baculovirus-expressed PA is reliable, safe, and inexpensive for determining anti-PA antibody levels in human sera.
Synthesis of Ultrathin Films of Polyacrylonitrile by Photoinitiated Polymerization from Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (2002)

We report the synthesis of grafted polyacrylonitrile (PAN) brushes from alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. The SAM consists of a dithiol-AIBN initiator that can be activated at room temperature by irradiation at 300 nm. The polymerizations were performed in DMF and yielded PAN films with a maximum thickness of ∼45 nm and a root mean square roughness of 0.17 nm after Soxhlet extraction. The static water contact angle was 55°, and the films were thermally stable after annealing at 105 °C for 3 days. The film thickness increased by 12% after annealing. The polymer films were characterized by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and ellipsometry.
An Approach to Iris Contact Lens Detection Based on Deep Image Representations (2015)

Spoofing detection is a challenging task in biometric systems, when differentiating illegitimate users from genuine ones. Although iris scans are far more inclusive than fingerprints, and also more precise for person authentication, iris recognition systems are vulnerable to spoofing via textured cosmetic contact lenses. Iris spoofing detection is also referred to as liveness detection (binary classification of fake and real images). In this work, we focus on a three-class detection problem: images with textured (colored) contact lenses, soft contact lenses, and no lenses. Our approach uses a convolutional network to build a deep image representation and an additional fully-connected single layer with soft max regression for classification. Experiments are conducted in comparison with a state-of-the-art approach (SOTA) on two public iris image databases for contact lens detection: 2013 Notre Dame and IIIT-Delhi. Our approach can achieve a 30% performance gain over SOTA on the former database (from 80% to 86%) and comparable results on the latter. Since IIIT-Delhi does not provide segmented iris images and, differently from SOTA, our approach does not segment the iris yet, we conclude that these are very promising results.
[Study of the metabolism of fatty acids and total plasma lipids, and platelet aggregation of a population of elderly men using a diet enriched in gamma-linolenic acid]. (1980)

33 healthy men, 72 years old on average, ingested during five week: 2,4 g of Oenothera Biennis oil rich in PUFA. Before and after ingestion, platelet aggregation was measured according to the Born's photometric method, which divided the original group into two classes: "15" normal subjects (NAG) and "18" hyperagregated (HAG). The fatty acids contained in the serum were analysed by GLC. NAG liquid pattern did not show any difference after oil ingestion, as in HAG group, significant modifications were observed in palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acid series. These observations probably correspond to a fundamental behavior difference, which might be related to desaturase activity reduction. Such a phenomenon would appear with ageing in some subjects. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the inclusion of the two methods of investigation described above would constitute a good approach for studying the enzymatic system activity in ageing.
O DELITO DE ESTUPRO (2015)

O presente artigo buscou analisar o ato do estupro em si, suas consequencias, qual sua origem e procura esclarecer como este delito tomou proporcao na lei, e como esta exposto nesta. O objetivo deste e expor minuciosamente as causas do ato, a colocacao da vitima a estas. Relacionar e mostrar que, nem sempre este delito e devidamente punido, por conta de omissao do ato pela vitima e agente. Buscar expor a importância de recursos juridicos para amparar as vitimas e obter a devida justica. Trata-se de uma visao mais detalhada e pessoal sobre o ato e seu desenvolvimento, e a repercussao causada pelo mesmo, como tal esta imposta na sociedade moderna, o que a populacao pensa sobre todos seus fatores, que e algo de extrema importância para o entendimento deste.
Isolation and characterization of a mutant of Haemophilus influenzae type b deficient in outer membrane protein P1 (1989)

The gene for outer membrane protein P1 of Haemophilus influenzae type b has been previously cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. To investigate the physiologic role of the P1 protein, the cloned P1 gene was insertionally inactivated with the Tn5 derivative Tn5tac1, and an isogenic P1-deficient Haemophilus mutant was then generated by transformation with linearized plasmid DNA containing the insertionally inactivated gene. The P1-deficient strain grew normally in vitro and induced bacteremia in the infant rat model.
Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Zerovalent Iron in Subcritical Water (1999)

A method for remediation of PCB-contaminated soil and sediments is described that uses zerovalent iron as the dechlorination agent and subcritical water extraction (SWE) as the transporting medium. By using 100-mesh iron powder and SWE conditions of 250 °C and 10 MPa on Aroclor 1260 for 1−8 h, the higher chlorine-substituted homologues were completely reduced to their lower-substituted counterparts. The lower-substituted congeners were subsequently near-completely dechlorinated. The initial findings indicate that this technique may be a viable method for remediation of PCB-contaminated soil and sediments.