gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transducer Signal Noise Analysis for Sensor Authentication (2012)

The abstract is being passed through STIMS for submision to the conference. International safeguards organizations charged with promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy employ unattended and remote monitoring systems supplemented with onsite inspections to ensure nuclear materials are not diverted for weaponization purposes. These systems are left unattended for periods of several months between inspections. During these periods physical security means are the main deterrent used to detect intentional monitoring system tampering. The information gathering components are locked in secure and sealed rooms. The sensor components (i.e. neutron and gamma detectors) are located throughout the plant in unsecure areas where sensor tampering could take place during the periods between inspections. Sensor tampering could allow the diversion of nuclear materials from the accepted and intended use to uses not consistent with the peaceful use of nuclear energy. A method and an apparatus is presented that address the detection of sensor tampering during the periods between inspections. It was developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for the Department of Energy (DOE) in support of the IAEA. The method is based on the detailed analysis of the sensor noise floor after the sensor signal is removed. The apparatus consists of a 2.1” x 2.6” electronic circuit board containing all signal conditioning and processing components and a laptop computer running an application that acquires and stores the analysis results between inspection periods. The sensors do not require any modification and are remotely located in their normal high radiation zones. The apparatus interfaces with the sensor signal conductors using a simple pass through connector at the normal sensor electronics interface package located in the already secure and sealed rooms. The apparatus does not require hardening against the effects of radiation due to its location. Presented is the apparatus design, the analysis method, and the test results as applied to tamper detection using three HE3 neutron sensors and two gamma sensors designed and built for safeguards monitoring.
A Study on the Expected Effect of Mobile Prepaid Payment for the Activation of Food Waste Volume-Rate System (2020)

This study proposes an NFC-based payment system that considers user convenience while expanding the existing payment method for RFID-based individual food and logistics waste equipment. In line with this trend, I proposed to apply NFC to the existing RFID-based food meter to release the food in the meantime and to address the problem of re-carrying due to card loss, card not possessed, and non-filling, and the question that could not be identified by various cumbersome procedures. NFC's function alone has been certified for its convenience, which led to its introduction and research in the period of time. Of course, we need to negotiate fees with the transportation card company, but if we see a market share related to transportation card soon, we think smooth negotiations will take place. NFC method will be expanded to all phones with iPhone NFC opening. Therefore, in the next study, we intend to apply the payment system in NFC by linking with local currency, mobile vouchers, and card companies, which are being paid as respective payment means according to the recent emergency support system for COVID-19.
Long-term treatment with responsive brain stimulation in adults with refractory partial seizures (2015)

This study provides Class IV evidence that for adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures, responsive direct cortical stimulation reduces seizures and improves quality of life over a mean follow-up of 5.4 years.
ChemInform Abstract: Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐3‐acetic Acids. A New Class of Nonpeptide Endothelin Receptor Antagonists. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
20 Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Response (1994)

INTRODUCTION Evidence for the roles of hormones in plant growth and development has been classically obtained by (1) applying the pertinent hormone and afterwards observing the resulting responses, and (2) correlating endogenous hormone levels with physiological effects. More recently, hormone-deficient mutants have been used for establishing the roles of a particular hormone. To elicit a response, a certain hormone concentration and a receptor are both needed. Hormone response mutants are supposedly impaired either in the receptor or at a step in the transduction pathway. These mutants are phenotypically similar to hormone-deficient mutants but still contain the hormone and do not respond to that hormone, whether endogenous or applied. Biosynthetic and response mutants for both gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are known in a number of species, including Arabidopsis. In this chapter, we describe various physiological functions of GA and ABA in Arabidopsis. In addition, we discuss how mutants for both hormones have been exploited to facilitate further understanding of GA and ABA biosynthesis and action. Physiological Effects of Gibberellins The most striking effect of applied GA is an increase in stem length, especially in dwarf mutants of maize, pea, and rice (Phinney 1984), and rosette plants (Zeevaart 1983). The cellular basis for stem elongation is a combination of cell division and cell elongation (Talon et al. 1991). In addition, GAs are involved in flower formation (Zeevaart 1983), male sex expression, fruit set and growth (Pharis and King 1985), and seed germination (Graebe 1987). GAs also induce the synthesis of...
Using electrical noise to enhance the ability of humans to detect subthreshold mechanical cutaneous stimuli (1998)

Stochastic resonance (SR) is a phenomenon wherein the response of a nonlinear system to a weak input signal is optimized by the presence of a particular, nonzero level of noise. Our objective was to demonstrate cross-modality SR in human sensory perception. Specifically, we were interested in testing the hypothesis that the ability of an individual to detect a subthreshold mechanical cutaneous stimulus can be significantly enhanced by introducing a particular level of electrical noise. Psychophysical experiments were performed on 11 healthy subjects. The protocol consisted of the presentation of: (a) a subthreshold mechanical stimulus plus electrical noise, or (b) no mechanical stimulus plus electrical noise. The intensity of the electrical noise was varied between trials. Each subject's ability to identify correctly the presence of the mechanical stimulus was determined as a function of the noise intensity. In 9 of the 11 subjects, the introduction of a particular level of electrical noise significantly enhanced the subject's ability to detect the subthreshold mechanical cutaneous stimulus. In 2 of the 11 subjects, the introduction of electrical noise did not significantly change the subject's ability to detect the mechanical stimulus. These findings indicate that input electrical noise can serve as a negative masker for subthreshold mechanical tactile stimuli, i.e., electrical noise can increase the detectability of weak mechanical signals. Thus, for SR-type effects to be observed in human sensory perception, the noise and stimulus need not be of the same modality. From a bioengineering and clinical standpoint, this work suggests that an electrical noise-based technique could be used to improve tactile sensation in humans when the mechanical stimulus is around or below threshold. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.
Conserved Peptide Fragmentation as a Benchmarking Tool for Mass Spectrometers and a Discriminating Feature for Targeted Proteomics (2014)

Quantifying the similarity of spectra is an important task in various areas of spectroscopy, for example, to identify a compound by comparing sample spectra to those of reference standards. In mass spectrometry based discovery proteomics, spectral comparisons are used to infer the amino acid sequence of peptides. In targeted proteomics by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or SWATH MS, predetermined sets of fragment ion signals integrated over chromatographic time are used to identify target peptides in complex samples. In both cases, confidence in peptide identification is directly related to the quality of spectral matches. In this study, we used sets of simulated spectra of well-controlled dissimilarity to benchmark different spectral comparison measures and to develop a robust scoring scheme that quantifies the similarity of fragment ion spectra. We applied the normalized spectral contrast angle score to quantify the similarity of spectra to objectively assess fragment ion variability of tandem mass spectrometric datasets, to evaluate portability of peptide fragment ion spectra for targeted mass spectrometry across different types of mass spectrometers and to discriminate target assays from decoys in targeted proteomics. Altogether, this study validates the use of the normalized spectral contrast angle as a sensitive spectral similarity measure for targeted proteomics, and more generally provides a methodology to assess the performance of spectral comparisons and to support the rational selection of the most appropriate similarity measure. The algorithms used in this study are made publicly available as an open source toolset with a graphical user interface.
A Graph-Based Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to the Multiobjective Evolution of Median Molecules (2004)

In this paper we propose a novel graph-based genetic algorithm for the evolution of novel molecular graphs from a predefined set of elements or molecular fragments with an external objective function. A brief overview of existing genetic algorithm approaches in molecular design is provided followed by a description of our approach. The paper continues to suggest a novel application of this program to the multiobjective evolution of median molecules that are structurally representative of a set of objective molecules. We conclude with a summary of our initial results along with a discussion of a variety of improvements and applications of our approach.
Modeling of the physiological behavior of human vision system under flicker condition (2008)

The impression of visual unsteadiness caused by the fluctuation of the voltage supplying a lamp (flicker) is a power quality phenomena evaluated according to standards endorsed by both the IEC and IEEE. However, it is widely recognized that flicker measurements provide a correct estimation of the relevant human being annoyance only if a certain light source is considered (60 W, 120 V incandescent filament-lamp). In recent years, approaches based on the analysis of the light have been proposed. Nevertheless, all these lack of any kind of robust validation. In this respect, this paper presents the results of a study aimed at investigating on the performance of different methods for correlating the annoyance due to flicker with the behavior of some human physiological aspects.
Abstract 947: An antibody drug conjugate (ADC) directed to lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E (LY6E) delivers targeted chemotherapy to a wide range of solid tumor malignancies (2015)

Abstract Chemotherapies are limited by a narrow therapeutic index resulting in suboptimal exposure of the tumor to the drug and acquired tumor resistance. One approach to overcome this is through Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs); that facilitate greater potency via target specific chemotherapy delivery. In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify Lymphocyte antigen 6, locus E, (LY6E), an interferon-inducible glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell membrane protein, as a promising ADC target. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed LY6E was overexpressed in a number of tumor types, such as, breast, including triple negative breast cancer, lung, gastric, ovarian, pancreatic and head/neck carcinomas. Characterization of the endocytic pathways for LY6E revealed rapid uptake of the LY6E specific antibody into cells leading to lysosomal accumulation. Consistent with this, a LY6E specific ADC inhibited in vitro cell proliferation and produced durable tumor regression in vivo in high LY6E expressing cancers. Our results identify LY6E as a highly promising molecular ADC target for a variety of solid tumor types with current unmet medical need. Citation Format: Jyoti Asundi, Lisa Crocker, Jarrod Tremayne, Paul Polakis, Ron Firestein. An antibody drug conjugate (ADC) directed to lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E (LY6E) delivers targeted chemotherapy to a wide range of solid tumor malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 947. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-947
Understanding the natural progression in %FEV<sub>1</sub>decline in patients with cystic fibrosis: a longitudinal study (2012)

This approach provides a more realistic estimate of the %FEV1 trajectory of people with chronic lung disease by acknowledging the imprecision in individual measurements and the correlation structure of repeated measurements on the same individual over time. This method has applications for clinicians in assessing prognosis and the need for treatment intensification, and for use in clinical trials.
Involvement of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36) amide on glycaemia-lowering effect of oligofructose in streptozotocin-treated rats (2005)

We have evaluated the influence of oligofructose (OFS), a fermentable dietary fibre, on glucose homeostasis, insulin production and intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats received either i.v. streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg) or vehicle (CT); one week later, they were fed for 6 weeks with either the standard diet (STZ-CT), or with a diet containing 10% oligofructose (STZ-OFS); both diets were available ad libitum. In a second set of experiments (duration 4 weeks), a supplemental group of food-restricted rats (STZ-Res) receiving a similar intake as CT rats, was added. OFS improved glucose tolerance and reduced food intake as compared with STZ-CT rats in both the post-prandial state and after an oral glucose tolerance test. After 6 weeks, portal and pancreatic insulin concentrations were doubled in STZ-OFS rats. Food restriction improved these parameters when compared with STZ-CT rats, but to a lesser extent than in the STZ-OFS group. We have shown that OFS treatment increased portal and colonic GLP-1(7-36) amide levels and doubled colonic proglucagon and prohormone convertase 1 mRNA levels; both OFS and food restriction lowered ileal GLP-1(7-36) amide levels as compared with levels in STZ-CT rats. We propose that OFS, through its fermentation in the colon, promotes the expression and secretion of colonic peptides, namely GLP-1(7-36) amide, with beneficial consequences on glycaemia, insulin secretion and hyperphagia in diabetic rats.
Genomic BLAST: custom-defined virtual databases for complete and unfinished genomes (2002)

BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) searches against DNA and protein sequence databases have become an indispensable tool for biomedical research. The proliferation of the genome sequencing projects is steadily increasing the fraction of genome-derived sequences in the public databases and their importance as a public resource. We report here the availability of Genomic BLAST, a novel graphical tool for simplifying BLAST searches against complete and unfinished genome sequences. This tool allows the user to compare the query sequence against a virtual database of DNA and/or protein sequences from a selected group of organisms with finished or unfinished genomes. The organisms for such a database can be selected using either a graphic taxonomy-based tree or an alphabetical list of organism-specific sequences. The first option is designed to help explore the evolutionary relationships among organisms within a certain taxonomy group when performing BLAST searches. The use of an alphabetical list allows the user to perform a more elaborate set of selections, assembling any given number of organism-specific databases from unfinished or complete genomes. This tool, available at the NCBI web site http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/Entrez/genom_table_cgi, currently provides access to over 170 bacterial and archaeal genomes and over 40 eukaryotic genomes.
Lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease is characterized by recurrent genomic imbalances (2001)

Single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used as a tool to demonstrate clonality and B-cell origin of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in Hodgkin disease (HD). An analogous approach was used to investigate genomic imbalances in a (cyto)genetically poorly characterized subentity: lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease (LPHD). Nineteen cases of LPHD were selected for a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study. CGH was performed with degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR (DOP-PCR)-amplified DNA from 4-5 microdissected CD20+ malignant cells. All analyzed cases revealed a high number of genomic imbalances (average 10.8 per case), involving all chromosomes but the excluded 19, 22, and Y, indicating a high complexity of LPHD. The majority of detected aberrations were recurrent. Gain of 1, 2q, 3, 4q, 5q, 6, 8q, 11q, 12q, and X, and loss of chromosome 17 were identified in 36.8% to 68.4% of the analyzed cases. Some of them have also been found in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and possibly represent secondary changes associated with disease progression. Gain of 2q, 4q, 5q, 6, 11q, however, are much more rarely observed in NHL and could be more specifically associated with LPHD. Particularly interesting is a frequent overrepresentation of chromosome arm 6q, a region usually deleted in NHL. Rearrangement of the BCL6 gene (3q27) demonstrated by cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization in 2 cases in this study suggests its contribution in pathogenesis of LPHD. In conclusion, the data show a consistent occurrence of genomic alterations in LPHD and highlight genomic regions that might be relevant for development and/or progression of this lymphoma entity.
A 1V bootstrapped CMOS digital logic family (1997)

A new technique that improves the drive capability of digital circuits operating at low voltages is described. A coupling capacitor at the input shifts the potential of the gate to increase the gate-source voltage for higher conductance. Speed increases by 5 folds and the device is capable of operating at voltages below the threshold level in bulk CMOS.
Integration durch Offenheit. Wissensgemeinschaften in Forschung und Lehre (2011)

Unter dem Motto „WissensGemeinschaften in Forschung und Lehre“ liegt ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf der Verzahnung von E-Learning-Angeboten in der Ausbildung an der Universität mit solchen für allgemein- und berufsbildende Schulen. Dabei soll auch der didaktische Aspekt Beachtung finden. [...] Nachdem in den letzten Jahren die Entwicklung multimedialer Inhalte (content creation), die Organisation (Hochschulmanagement), soziale Netzwerke (Web 2.0 und nutzergesteuertes Lernen), methodisch-didaktische und auch technologische Aspekte erfolgreicher Integration digitaler Technologien in Lehr- und Lernprozessen sowie der Übergang zu „Neuen Lernkulturen“ im Vordergrund standen, stellen wir nun die Frage nach der Öffnung der Wissenschaft durch und bei der Nutzung von Medien in Lehre und Forschung. Hier liefert die organisationsübergreifende Integration digitaler Medien für Lehre und Forschung vom E-Learning bis zur E-Science neue Ansätze. Bei der Verzahnung von E-Learning-Angeboten von schulischer, beruflicher und universitärer Bildung sind auch die didaktische Dimension und die Perspektive der Bildungsqualität von großem Interesse. Die Schwerpunkte des vorliegenden Bandes widmen sich insbesondere den beiden Rahmenthemen (A) Integration digitaler Medien in Lehre und Forschung sowie (B) Bildungsqualität. (DIPF/Orig.)
Position-based physics (1996)

This paper proposes a simplified position-based physics that allows us to rapidly generate "piles" or "clumps" of many objects: local energy minima under a variety of potential energy functions. We can also generate plausible motions for many highly interacting objects from arbitrary starting positions to a local energy minimum. We present an efficient and numerically stable algorithm for carrying out position-based physics on spheres and non-rotating polyhedra through the use of linear programming. This algorithm is a generalization of an algorithm for finding tight packings of (nonrotating) polygons in two dimensions. This work introduces linear programming as a useful tool for graphics animation. As its name implies, position-based physics does not contain a notion of velocity, and thus it is not suitable for simulating the motion of free-flying, unencumbered objects. However, it generates realistic motions of "crowded" sets of objects in confined spaces, and it does so at least two orders of magnitude faster than other techniques for simulating the physical motions of objects. Even for unconfined objects, the new algorithm can rapidly generate realistic "piles" and "clumps."
Understanding and Modulating the Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) and NOD Like Receptors (NLRs) Cross Talk in Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are leading health problems which are characterized by low-grade inflammation with an increase in inflammatory cytokines along with the change in the gut microbiota population. Toll like Receptors (TLRs) and NOD like Receptors (NLRs) are very prominent pathogen recognition receptors, which play a significant role in the innate immune system. Both TLRs and NLRs pathways are mediated through different adaptor proteins; commonly found to activate the NF-kB, which induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. It has been suggested that TLRs and NLRs have a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammation mediated insulin resistance, which further develops metabolic complications. TLRs mediated mechanism for insulin resistance involves activation through TLR ligands such as increased free fatty acids and lipid derivatives from adipocytes as well as the skeletal muscles. Moreover, gut microbiota alteration in the type 2 diabetes also plays a key role by increasing the plasma LPS levels, which specifically activates TLR4 and provokes the inflammation mediated insulin resistance. NOD1 and NOD2 are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes, possibly through the recognition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota modulation by antibiotics plays a crucial role in increasing insulin sensitivity, possibly through the TLRs and NLRs mediated signaling responses, which suggest future therapeutic approaches for obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focused on the interdependent role of TLRs and NLRs in metabolic diseases and their cross talk for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.