gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary plasmodesmata are specific sites of localization of the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein in transgenic tobacco plants. (1992)

Expression of the tobacco mosaic virus 30-kD movement protein (TMV MP) gene in tobacco plants increases the plasmodesmatal size exclusion limit (SEL) 10-fold between mesophyll cells in mature leaves. In the present study, we examined the structure of plasmodesmata as a function of leaf development. In young leaves of 30-kD TMV MP transgenic (line 274) and vector control (line 306) plants, almost all plasmodesmata were primary in nature. In both plant lines, secondary plasmodesmata were formed, in a basipetal pattern, as the leaves underwent expansion growth. Ultrastructural and immunolabeling studies demonstrated that in line 274 the TMV MP accumulated predominantly in secondary plasmodesmata of nonvascular tissues and was associated with a filamentous material. A developmental progression was detected in terms of the presence of TMV MP; all secondary plasmodesmata in the tip of the fourth leaf contained TMV MP in association with the filamentous material. Dye-coupling experiments demonstrated that the TMV MP-induced increase in plasmodesmatal SEL could be routinely detected in the tip of the fourth leaf, but was restricted to mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. These findings are discussed with respect to the structure and function of plasmodesmata, particularly those aspects related to virus movement.
Fibre‐Optic IR‐Spectroscopy for Biomedical Diagnostics (2003)

The use of microscopy is a valuable means of gaining vital information for medical diagnostics. Due to a number of recent technological developments advances have been made in IR microscopy and in particular, rapid detection methods. Microscopic examination methods usually involve sampling followed by a method of sample purification or preparation. The advantages of the IR analytical method are that it is based on a direct, non‒destructive measurement of sample material and that the resulting IR spectra provide extensive and specific information about the sample composition and structure. The course of a disease can lead to either formation or loss of organic compounds in metabolism as well as changes within the biological matrix. Corresponding changes can also be expected in the IR‒signature in view to the grading of alteration. Our preliminary IR microscopic investigations compared diseased and healthy tissue samples individually and basic information was obtained about the tissue specific spectral signature, taking account of biological variance. Human tissue samples taken from the colon were used for these studies. Given the number of endoscopic applications used in minimally invasive medicine, we hope to establish the IR fibre based procedure as an optical biopsy method for tissue diagnostics. The aqueous environment as well as the IR radiation source, signal detection and the flexible wave guide type will be a limiting factor for an IR system. The hygiene requirements are particularly high for a fibre based system to be used for in vivo applications. First experiments were used to check the transmission of the IR microspectroscopic data. Fibre supported measurements were made in ATR and remission. High powered IR laser diodes were tested in subsequent trials for application in biomedicine. First results are presented on the way to an IR‐endo‐spectroscopic system.
The Pragmatic Functions of I think in Different Genres (2021)

The present paper aims to examine the occurrence of I think in different genres. A collected data of I think from graduate student research interview and objectivism group study within Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE) is analyzed. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are included and the selection tool Antconc 3.4.4 are adopted in the study. By using concordance, all the context including I think are collected. Meanwhile, some phrases (such as I think so, what I think, I think of, etc.) are deleted from the analysis. It is found that I think in different positions and with different collocations fulfill different pragmatic functions respectively. The phrase I think is very frequent in GSRI and OSG, which is due to the nature of the discourse, where the participants are engaged in the communication. From the perspective of syntax and collocation, a lot of examples are analyzed in details. It is found that the interpretation of I think cannot be reached without exploring its linguistic context. In addition, a more detailed observation of linguistic context of I think in OSG and GSRI is explored. Some epistemic certainty (certainly, really, etc.) are included in research interview, with the function of emphasis and deliberation. The study might help to reconsider the functions of I think in different genres.
A microwave miniaturized linearizer using a parallel diode (2002)

A miniaturized linearizer using a parallel diode has been developed. It is composed of a parallel diode and a resistance for d.c. bias feed. The linearizer utilizes a nonlinear resistive element of the diode. In this paper, the operation principle of the linearizer is described. The parallel diode provides a high temperature stability and readiness of bias voltage adjustment. BY applying this linearizer to an S-band power amplifier, an improvement of ACP of 5 dB and power added efficiency of 8.5% has been achieved for the /spl pi//4-shift QPSK modulated signal.
Conical Scanning System for Pioneer Jupiter Spacecraft (1972)

The concept, operation, and predicted performance of an RF tracking control system used to point the Pioneer F/G spacecraft at the Earth is described. This system employs a modified conical scanning technique called Conscan. The signal processor, the most interesting unit of the system, is described in detail to show that it approximates a maximum likelihood estimator. The dynamic behavior of the spacecraft and the stability analysis of the system are presented, demonstrating that the system performance is basically determined by the open-loop phase and amplitude errors introduced by the antenna, receiver, and signal processor. A detailed error budget shows that the phase and amplitude errors are small. Finally, closed-loop simulation and test data are presented to verify the error budget.
Classification of proteins based on the properties of the ligand‐binding site: The case of adenine‐binding proteins (2002)

Comparative analysis of protein binding sites for similar ligands yields information about conserved interactions, relevant for ligand affinity, and variable interactions, which are important for specificity. The pattern of variability can indicate new targets for a pharmacologically validated class of compounds binding to a similar site. A particularly vast group of therapeutically interesting proteins using the same or similar substrates are those that bind adenine-containing ligands. Drug development is focusing on compounds occupying the adenine-binding site and their specificity is an issue of paramount importance. We use a simple scheme to characterize and classify the adenine-binding sites in terms of their intermolecular interactions, and show that this classification does not necessarily correspond to protein classifications based on either sequence or structural similarity. We find that only a limited number of the different hydrogen bond patterns possible for adenine-binding is used, which can be utilized as an effective classification scheme. Closely related protein families usually share similar hydrogen patterns, whereas non-polar interactions are less well conserved. Our classification scheme can be used to select groups of proteins with a similar ligand-binding site, thus facilitating the definition of the properties that can be exploited to design specific inhibitors.
The −202 A Allele of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (<i>IGFBP3</i>) Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Higher IGFBP-3 Serum Levels and Better Growth Response to Growth Hormone Treatment in Patients with Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency (2008)

The -202 A allele of IGFBP3 promoter region is associated with increased IGFBP-3 levels and GV during rhGH treatment in prepubertal GHD children.
Intrinsic Josephson effects in high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductors (1994)

We have investigated the coupling between ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ layers in high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors by direct measurements of all dc and ac Josephson effects with current flow in the c-axis direction. The measurements have been performed on small single crystals of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$, (${\mathrm{Pb}}_{\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$, ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{10}$, and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ and on a-axis-oriented ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ thin films. The results clearly show that all materials behave like stacks of superconductor-insulator-superconductor Josephson junctions. The current-voltage characteristics exhibit large hystereses and multiple branches, which can be explained by a series connection of highly capacitive junctions. From the modulation of the critical current in a magnetic field parallel to the layers, we infer a junction thickness of approximately 15 \AA{}. In our microwave emission experiments we were able to prove explicitly that every pair of ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ double or triple layers forms a working Josephson contact. An exception is ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, where only flux-flow behavior has been observed.
Circadian locomotor activity rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. (1991)

Circadian motor activity rhythms in 19 severely demented, institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were evaluated with small, waist-worn electronic monitors which recorded 5-minute epochs for 48 to 72 hours. Controls were eight normal subjects of the same age (71 to 73 years) in a similar environment. As expected, computer-assisted analysis indicated more than twofold average increases in nocturnal activity and in the proportion of nocturnal to total daily activity in the AD patients. In patients (n = 8) with virtually constant pacing, daytime activity was markedly increased over that of normal controls; these "pacers" also had a significantly decreased amplitude of the circadian activity rhythm compared with controls. Moreover, AD patients showed a marked phase-delay, with individual afternoon maxima (acrophases) averaging 2.1 hours later than in controls (p less than 0.005). These findings quantitatively document clinical observations that AD patients, and especially a subgroup with pacing behavior, have markedly disturbed levels and modulation of daily locomotor activity. They accord with reports of altered circadian rhythms of endocrine and other physiologic parameters in such patients. Activity monitoring may represent a relatively simple, objective measure with which to characterize demented patients and to assess responses to treatment.
Focusing monochromators (1969)

Focusing monochromators concentrate the diffracted beams into small areas of their focal surface; they are particularly efficient for photographic intensity recording. Crystal monochromators must be capable of resolving the Kα1−Kα2 doublet to prevent the production of a doubled diffraction pattern. They therefore require monochromator crystals with a very small mosaic spread and fine or very fine focus X-ray tubes. They reflect the X-rays on the lattice planes very close to the surface. The intensity of the reflected beam depends essentially upon the condition of the crystal surface and upon the matching of the mosaic spread, the aberrations of the focusing geometry and the dimensions of the X-ray source; it depends very little upon the value of the integrated intensity calculated for the mosaic state of the monochromator material. The polarization ratio of the reflected beam is very nearly r = |cos 2θ| as for a perfect crystal. Mirrors set at an angle very close to the critical angle for the Kα radiation do not reflect the Kβ and shorter wavelength components. Absorption reduces the sharpness of the cut-off and the reflectivity near the critical angle. The intensity of the reflected beam is proportional not only to the angular aperture, but also to the reflectivity near the critical angle. The choice between crystal monochromators and mirrors depends mainly upon the size of the specimen: curved crystals give fairly convergent beams (1° to 3°), and mirrors narrow and quasi-parallel ones (2′ to 5′).
WEAKLY SUPERVISED SEGMENTATION-AIDED CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN SCENES FROM 3D LIDAR POINT CLOUDS (2017)

Abstract. We consider the problem of the semantic classification of 3D LiDAR point clouds obtained from urban scenes when the training set is limited. We propose a non-parametric segmentation model for urban scenes composed of anthropic objects of simple shapes, partionning the scene into geometrically-homogeneous segments which size is determined by the local complexity. This segmentation can be integrated into a conditional random field classifier (CRF) in order to capture the high-level structure of the scene. For each cluster, this allows us to aggregate the noisy predictions of a weakly-supervised classifier to produce a higher confidence data term. We demonstrate the improvement provided by our method over two publicly-available large-scale data sets.
Automatized image processing of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro for quantitative variable determination (2017)

There is currently no objective, real-time and non-invasive method for evaluating the quality of mammalian embryos. In this study, we processed images of in vitro produced bovine blastocysts to obtain a deeper comprehension of the embryonic morphological aspects that are related to the standard evaluation of blastocysts. Information was extracted from 482 digital images of blastocysts. The resulting imaging data were individually evaluated by three experienced embryologists who graded their quality. To avoid evaluation bias, each image was related to the modal value of the evaluations. Automated image processing produced 36 quantitative variables for each image. The images, the modal and individual quality grades, and the variables extracted could potentially be used in the development of artificial intelligence techniques (e.g., evolutionary algorithms and artificial neural networks), multivariate modelling and the study of defined structures of the whole blastocyst.
CONCERT: a high-level-language approach to heterogeneous distributed systems (2003)

Concert, a high-level-language approach to programming heterogeneous distributed systems, is described. The Concert model introduces a small set of language extensions into conventional procedural languages. These language extensions support a cooperative peer process model which addresses in the distributed environment the same issues addressed by language semantics in the conventional environment. The Concert implementation provides layered support for these language extensions, bridging a different source of heterogeneity at each layer. A prototype Concert system currently includes C programs running on OS/2 on multiple PS/2s communicating via calls with one another as well as with PL/I programs running on VM/370.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Anionic Phosphate Ester Surfactants: A Review (2018)

Abstract This paper reviews the various technologies involved in the synthesis of anionic phosphate ester surfactants. Use of base material such as alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates and phosphating reagents plays a key role on the applications and properties of phosphate ester surfactants. Also roles are played by the reaction conditions maintained and charging conditions on the mono-diester ratio. In this paper attempt has been made to review the base materials used for the synthesis of phosphate esters, synthesis processes and their effect on the properties of phosphate esters, applications and global scenario of phosphate ester surfactants.
Nitrogen control in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mutants affected in the synthesis of glutamine synthetase, urease, and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (1982)

Mutants were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were impaired in the utilization of a number of nitrogen sources. In contrast to the wild-type strain, these mutants appeared to be unable to derepress the formation of glutamine synthetase and urease under nitrogen-limited growth conditions, whereas NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase became derepressed. This GlnR- phenotype appeared to be caused by a mutation located in the early region of the P. aeruginosa PAO chromosomal map, close to hisIV59. Partial suppression of the GlnR- phenotype due to a mutation located close to hisII4 was observed. These revertants were different from both the wild-type strain and the GlnR- mutant with respect to the regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase, urease, and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GlnRc phenotype). Also the regulation of glutamine synthetase activity by adenylylation/deadenylylation was altered in the revertants. The results suggest the presence of a regulatory gene that plays a role in the regulation of enzyme formation in response to the availability of ammonia.
Design and implementation of a multi-stream cableCARD with a high-speed DVB-common descrambler (2006)

As the digital cable TV broadcasting technique is developed, various applications on a digital cable receiver have been required. Particularly, OpenCableTM specifications for digital cable TV broadcasting have presented a cable receiver with multi-tuner for serving a Digital Video Recorder (DVR) application, a Picture-In-Picture (PIP) application, a Picture-Out-Picture (POP) application and etc. But there are some problems for supporting such applications because the existing CableCARDTM device processes conditional access for only one channel at once. Therefore OpenCableTM specifications have introduced the Multi-Stream CableCARDTM device in order to solve the above problems. The Multi-Stream CableCARDTM device can support conditional access processing for 2 or more channels simultaneously. In this paper, we have designed hardware architecture of the Multi-Stream CableCARDTM device. The designed Multi-Stream CableCARDTM device is implemented based on a FPGA which processes multi-channel filtering, MPEG-2 TS filtering, and DVB-Common descrambling and a microprocessor which manages conditional access applications. Especially we have proposed a descrambler design for the high-speed processing in order to support the 200 Mbps input data bandwidth.
Effect of localized unsaturation on the scalar exchange coupling in flexible biradicals (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of localized unsaturation on the scalar exchange coupling in flexible biradicalsMalcolm D. E. ForbesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13, 3390–3395Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100115a051https://doi.org/10.1021/j100115a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Long-Term Mortality after Gastric Bypass Surgery (2007)

Long-term total mortality after gastric bypass surgery was significantly reduced, particularly deaths from diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. However, the rate of death from causes other than disease was higher in the surgery group than in the control group.
Review of Considerations for Mobile Device based Secure Access to Financial Services and Risk Handling Strategy for CIOs, CISOs and CTOs (2015)

The information technology and security stakeholders like CIOs, CISOs and CTOs in financial services organization are often asked to identify the risks with mobile computing channel for financial services that they support. They are also asked to come up with approaches for handling risks, define risk acceptance level and mitigate them. This requires them to articulate strategy for supporting a huge variety of mobile devices from various vendors with different operating systems and hardware platforms and at the same time stay within the accepted risk level. These articulations should be captured in information security policy document or other suitable document of financial services organization like banks, payment service provider, etc. While risks and mitigation approaches are available from multiple sources, the senior stakeholders may find it challenging to articulate the issues in a comprehensive manner for sharing with business owners and other technology stakeholders. This paper reviews the current research that addresses the issues mentioned above and articulates a strategy that the senior stakeholders may use in their organization. It is assumed that this type of comprehensive strategy guide for senior stakeholders is not readily available and CIOs, CISOs and CTOs would find this paper to be very useful.