gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of crystallization on structural and dielectric properties of thin amorphous films of (1−<i>x</i>)BaTiO3-<i>x</i>SrTiO3 (<i>x</i>=0–0.5, 1.0) (1993)

The possibilities for fabricating solid solutions of (Ba1−x,Srx)TiO3 (x≤0.5,1.0) by crystallization of amorphous films and for improving their dielectric properties by adjusting the Sr content were investigated. Thin amorphous films were prepared from powder targets consisting of mixtures of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 by sputtering with a neutralized Ar-ion beam. The amorphous films crystallized into (Ba1−x, Srx)TiO3 solid solutions with a cubic perovskite-type structure after annealing in air at 923 K for more than 1 h. The Debye-type dielectric relaxation was observed for the amorphous films, whereas the crystallized films showed paraelectric behavior. The relative dielectric constants were of the order of 20 for the amorphous samples, but increased greatly after crystallization to about 60–200, depending on the composition; a larger increase in the dielectric constant was observed in the higher Sr content films, in the range x≤0.5, which could be correlated with an increase in the grain size of the crystallites. The crystallization processes responsible for the difference in the grain size are discussed based on the microstructural observations.
Experimental Characterization and Mitigation of Specimen Charging on Thin Films with One Conducting Layer (2004)

Specimen charging may be one of the most significant factors that contribute to the high variability and generally low quality of images in cryo-electron microscopy. Understanding the nature of specimen charging can help in devising methods to reduce or even avoid its effects and thus improve the rate of data collection as well as the quality of the data. We describe a series of experiments that help to characterize the charging phenomenon, which has been termed the Berriman effect. The pattern of buildup and disappearance of the charge pattern has led to several suggestions for how to alleviate the effect. Experiments are described that demonstrate the feasibility of such charge mitigation.
C- and L-band tunable fiber ring laser using a two-taper Mach–Zehnder interferometer filter (2010)

A stable C- and L-band tunable fiber ring laser, using a two-taper Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as a filter, is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. One of the two taper waists is mechanically bent to tune the laser wavelength. Being amplified by an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier and an erbium-doped fiber, respectively, the fiber ring laser has a full L-band (1564-1605nm) and C-band (1550-1565nm) tuning range with a side-mode suppression ratio as high as 50dB. The laser linewidth and the minimum tuning step are related to the MZI's cavity length. It was also found that thermal annealing relieved the internal stresses of the tapers and greatly improved the laser performance.
Logros de final de año (2013)

Se presentan los logros del año 2013
Identification and Characterization of Novel Clathrin Adaptor-related Proteins (1998)

We have identified a human approximately 87-kDa protein, designated as gamma2-adaptin, that is similar to gamma-adaptin (called gamma1-adaptin in this paper), a large chain of the AP-1 clathrin-associated adaptor complex, not only in the primary structure (60% amino acid identity) but also in the domain organization. Northern blot analysis has shown that its mRNA is expressed in a variety of tissues. Analysis using a yeast two-hybrid system has revealed that, similarly to gamma1-adaptin, gamma2-adaptin is capable of interacting not only with the sigma1 chain (called as sigma1A in this paper), the small chain of the AP-1 complex, but also with a novel sigma1-like protein, designated as sigma1B, which shows an 87% amino acid identity to sigma1A; and that, unlike gamma1-adaptin, it is unable to interact with beta1-adaptin, another large chain of the AP-1 complex. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis has revealed that gamma2-adaptin is localized to paranuclear vesicular structures that are not superimposed on structures containing gamma1-adaptin. Furthermore, unlike gamma1-adaptin, gamma2-adaptin is recruited onto membranes in the presence of a fungal antibiotic, brefeldin A. These data suggest that gamma2-adaptin constitute a novel adaptor-related complex that participates in a transport step different from that of AP-1.
Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 into Primary Sensory Neurons In Vitro Is Mediated by Nectin-1/HveC (2003)

Primary cultures of rat and mouse sensory neurons were used to study the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Soluble, truncated nectin-1 but not HveA prevented viral entry. Antibodies against nectin-1 also blocked infection of rat neurons. These results indicate that nectin-1 is the primary receptor for HSV-1 infection of sensory neurons.
ELRED - a new process for cheaper production of liquid iron (1980)

The ELRED process is a new method for producing liquid iron by a two-stage reduction of iron ore concentrates with coal. In the first stage, fine-grained concentrates are prereduced in a fast fluidized bed with gas generated from coal powder and air in the same bed. In the second stage, the fine-grained product from the first stage undergoes final reduction and smelting to iron in the plasma beneath the electrode in a d.c. arc furnace. An important feature of the process is that both the concentrates and the coal can be used without previous agglomeration in a sintering plant or coking in a coking plant. The combustible flue gases from both reduction stages are cleaned and utilized to generate electricity in a combined-cycle power plant. The electrical energy obtained in this way covers the power requirements of the process and a small surplus can also be fed to the mains supply.
Semi-Automatic Segmentation and Classification of Pap Smear Cells (2013)

Cytologic screening has been widely used for detecting the cervical cancers. In this study, a semiautomatic PC-based cellular image analysis system was developed for segmenting nuclear and cytoplasmic contours and for computing morphometric and textual features to train support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to classify four different types of cells and to discriminate dysplastic from normal cells. A software program incorporating function, including image reviewing and standardized denomination of file names, was also designed to facilitate and standardize the workflow of cell analyses. Two experiments were conducted to verify the classification performance. The cross-validation results of the first experiment showed that average accuracies of 97.16% and 98.83%, respectively, for differentiating four different types of cells and in discriminating dysplastic from normal cells have been achieved using salient features (8 for four-cluster and 7 for two-cluster classifiers) selected with SVM recursive feature addition. In the second experiment, 70% (837) of the cell images were used for training and 30% (361) for testing, achieving an accuracy of 96.12% and 98.61% for four-cluster and two-cluster classifiers, respectively. The proposed system provides a feasible and effective tool in evaluating cytologic specimens.
Compact Wide-Band Multimode Antennas for MIMO and Diversity (2004)

This paper presents broadband multimode antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and diversity applications. The antenna system is not based on spatial diversity, as usual MIMO systems, but on a combination of pattern and polarization diversity. Different modes of self-complementary, thus extremely broadband, spiral and sinuous antennas are used to decorrelate the signals. It is shown that only one antenna is necessary to receive three uncorrelated signals, thus the space required to place the MIMO antenna is very small. Simulation results and measurements of a typical indoor scenario are given.
Lateral beam collimation of a phased array semiconductor laser (1982)

The lateral near-field and far-field radiation patterns of a phase-locked array of gain-guided semiconductor injection lasers are studied. These lasers exhibit a lateral far-field beam divergence full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 1.5° up to 200 mW of output power per facet. Greater than 60% of the laser output power is concentrated in a low divergence beam at this high optical power. Catastrophic mirror degradation of the laser occurs at ≊250–270 mW cw per facet.
High Speed Optical Pyrometer (1970)

Incandescent solids at temperatures above 1500 K radiate sufficient energy to allow optical pyrometry with a precision of 2 K or less in 1 msec. An instrument system has been built which achieves accuracy of a few kelvins. The sensitivity is 0.4 K when making 1200 measurements/sec near 2000 K or it can be increased as required to 0.01 K with a measurement rate of 1/sec. The system permits dynamic measurement of high temperature thermal properties of refractory metals with better accuracy than has been obtained by methods using slow heating.
Electrically reprogrammable nonvolatile semiconductor memory (1972)

Electrically reprogrammable nonvolatile memories using avalanche injection of electrons and holes into a floating gate are described. The fabrication data and the results of measurement on fabricated devices are shown. Analyses of the operation of the memory cell are done using conventional MOS transistors. The injection of current into silicon dioxide, its ratio to avalanche current, the WRITE speed, the basic data for analog memory, and the drift of the characteristics are measured and discussed.
Thermophotovoltaic potential applications for civilian and industrial use in Japan (1999)

Investigative research on potential market for TPV power sources in Japan has been focused on how TPV can contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection and harmony. The application needs for TPV were surveyed in comparison with conventional engine or turbine generators and developing power generation technologies such as fuel cells or chemical batteries, etc. The investigation on the performance of commercial generators shows that regarding system efficiency, TPV can compete with conventional generators in the output power class of tens of kW. According to the sales for small scale generators in Japan, most of the generators below 10 kW class are utilized mainly for construction, communication, leisure, and that 10-100 kW class generators are for cogeneration in small buildings. Waste heat recovery in dispersed furnaces is another potential application of compact TPV cells. Exhaust heat from small scale incinerators and industrial furnaces is undesirable to be recorded into electricity due to excessive heat loss of the smaller steam turbine generators. Solar powered TPV is also of our concern as a natural energy use. From the viewpoint of applicability for TPV, portable generators cogeneration systems, and solar power plants were selected for our system consideration. Intermediate report on the feasibility study concerning such TPV systems is given as well as the review of the current status of competing power generation technologies in Japan.
Database repairing using updates (2005)

Repairing a database means bringing the database in accordance with a given set of integrity constraints by applying some minimal change. If a database can be repaired in more than one way, then the consistent answer to a query is defined as the intersection of the query answers on all repaired versions of the database.Earlier approaches have confined the repair work to deletions and insertions of entire tuples. We propose a theoretical framework that also covers updates as a repair primitive. Update-based repairing is interesting in that it allows rectifying an error within a tuple without deleting the tuple, thereby preserving consistent values in the tuple. Another novel idea is the construct of nucleus: a single database that yields consistent answers to a class of queries, without the need for query rewriting. We show the construction of nuclei for full dependencies and conjunctive queries. Consistent query answering and constructing nuclei is generally intractable under update-based repairing. Nevertheless, we also show some tractable cases of practical interest.
Characterization of the Beta-Adrenergic Receptors in the Lower Urinary Tract of the Cat (1977)

The corpus-fundus and the outlet region of the urinary bladder of the cat was studied in vitro to characterize the beta-adrenergic receptors. In the corpus-fundus only beta1-receptors were found in contrast to the outlet region where the beta-receptors had both beta1- and beta2-characteristics.
브랜드 콘텐트 이용 현황과 전략적 활용 방안 -글로벌 커뮤니케이션 전문가들의 인식을 중심으로 (2012)

매체 환경 및 소비자들의 변화로 인해 기업들은 새로운 커뮤니케이션 방법을 모색하고 있으며, 브랜드 콘텐트의 활용은 변화하는 소비자와의 소통을 위한 필연적인 결과라고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 엘리트 인터뷰 기법을 사용하여 미국과 프랑스의 글로벌 기업의 마케팅 부서와 광고 및 PR, 온라인 대행사, 그리고 브랜드 콘텐트 전문 회사의 주요 경영진 및 임원 16명을 대상으로 업계현황에 대한 인식과 구체적인 사례, 브랜드 콘텐트의 의의와 목적, 그리고 보다 효과적인 기획과 제작을 위해 고려해야 할 것들을 깊이 있게 살펴봄으로써 커뮤니케이션 환경 변화에 부합하는 보다 전략적인 커뮤니케이션 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 인터뷰 참여자들은 브랜드 콘텐트를 ``브랜드와 관련된 제반 활동``으로 광범위하게 규정하였으며, 갑자기 등장한 새로운 기법이라기보다는 오래 전부터 사용했던 PPL과 같이 제품이나 브랜드를 노출하려는 일련의 노력이 정교화되고 진화한 것으로 인식되었다. 브랜드 컨텐트 활용의 주요 목적과 기능은 퍼블리시티의 창출, 대화, 경험과 공유 및 참여 등이었으며, 그 기획 및 개발 과정은 기존의 마케팅 커뮤니케이션 기획 방식과 동일한 것으로 논의되었다. 브랜드 콘텐트 제작의 핵심은 브랜드가 당면한 마케팅 및 커뮤니케이션 문제를 파악하는 것이며, 더불어 브랜드의 본질과 속성에 대한 이해, 소비자에 대한 깊이 있는 분석, 그리고 통합적이고 매체 중립적인 접근이 이루어져야 한다. 이는 브랜드 콘텐트를 새롭고 특별한 기법으로 간주하는 일부 실무자들의 접근과 상반된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 끝으로, 전문가들은 향후 브랜드 콘텐트의 사용이 점차 증가하지만 그렇다고 해서 기존의 광고가 사라지지는 않을 것이라고 예상했다.
Aerodynamic Effects of Oversized Tires and Tall Landing Gear on a Small General Aviation Aircraft (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">An experimental investigation was conducted to identify the aerodynamic effects of oversized low-pressure (Tundra) tires and tall landing gear on a Piper Super Cub airplane. Water tunnel and wind tunnel tests were performed using, respectively, a 1/20 scale model and full-scale landing gear and tire components. Force and moment data suggest that larger tires and taller gear most affect the drag and side force. Small trim changes are apparent, but the basic static stability behavior appears unchanged.</div></div>
Effect of Iron Oxide on the Sintering Kinetics of Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1973)

Alumina powders with varying iron oxide contents were prepared by coprecipitation. The powders were spheroidized by passing them through an oxygen‐acetylene flame. The spheres were sized, annealed, and sintered in air and in N 2 with 132 ppm O 2 . Isothermal studies were combined with constant‐rate‐of‐heating studies to identify the mechanism of sintering and to calculate the diffusion coefficients. The contribution of surface diffusion during initial‐stage sintering of Fe‐doped Al 2 O 3 was estimated by combining shrinkage and neck‐growth data. The effect of Ti on the sintering rate of Fe‐doped Al 2 O 3 was also studied. Both Fe 2+ and Ti 4+ ions enhanced the sintering rate of Al 2 O 3 . A defect model for corundum is proposed to explain the sintering data for transition‐metal‐ion‐doped Al 2 O 3 .
Transformation of Breast Reconstruction via Additive Biomanufacturing (2016)

Adipose tissue engineering offers a promising alternative to current breast reconstruction options. However, the conventional approach of using a scaffold in combination with adipose-derived precursor cells poses several problems in terms of scalability and hence clinical feasibility. Following the body-as-a-bioreactor approach, this study proposes a unique concept of delayed fat injection into an additive biomanufactured and custom-made scaffold. Three study groups were evaluated: Empty scaffold, Scaffold containing 4 cm(3) lipoaspirate and Empty scaffold +2-week prevascularisation period. In group 3, of prevascularisation, 4 cm(3) of lipoaspirate was injected into scaffolds after 2 weeks. Using a well-characterised additive biomanufacturing technology platform, patient-specific scaffolds made of medical-grade-polycaprolactone were designed and fabricated. Scaffolds were implanted in subglandular pockets in immunocompetent minipigs (n = 4) for 24-weeks. Angiogenesis and adipose tissue regeneration were observed in all constructs. Histological evaluation showed that the prevascularisation + lipoaspirate group had the highest relative area of adipose tissue (47.32% ± 4.12) which was significantly higher than both lipoaspirate-only (39.67% ± 2.04) and empty control group (8.31% ± 8.94) and similar to native breast tissue (44.97% ± 14.12). This large preclinical animal study provides proof-of-principle that the clinically applicable prevascularisation and delayed fat-injection techniques can be used for regeneration of large volumes of adipose tissue.
Wide area synchronized measurements and inter-area oscillation study (2009)

The frequency monitoring network (FNET) provides a low-cost, easily deployable method for wide-area monitoring. FNET has the capability to realize long term, high density and continuous monitoring of large interconnected power systems. In effect, there are potentials for ground-breaking research on wide-area monitoring and control. In this paper, low frequency oscillations in the Eastern Interconnection (EI) are analyzed based on generation trips detected by FNET in 2007. The oscillation data were selected in a way such that their locations are distributed throughout the EI system. In addition, some preliminary statistical analysis of the dynamic characteristics is presented. Through illustrating the control method of system stability, it is shown that the analysis of oscillation mode shape distribution is very important. As an example, some preliminary simulation results are provided for the control of system low-frequency oscillation due to transmission line faults or other changes in system topology.
Lysosomal Cystine Storage Augments Apoptosis in Cultured Human Fibroblasts and Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2002)

Nephropathic cystinosis is a lethal disorder of lysosomal cystine storage due to defective lysosomal cystine transport. How lysosomal cystine causes this multisystemic disorder culminating in end-stage renal disease is not known, because the cystine is isolated from cellular metabolism by the lysosomal membrane. It is here reported that in both normal and nephropathic cystinotic fibroblasts and cultured renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, increased lysosomal cystine causes an increased rate of apoptosis. In nephropathic cystinotic fibroblasts, the rate of apoptosis is 14.8% after exposure to TNF-alpha versus 7.8% in control normal fibroblasts. Anti-Fas antibodies and UV exposure induced apoptosis in 18.1% and 17.4% of nephropathic cystinotic fibroblasts, respectively, versus 5.2% and 7.1% in normal fibroblasts when analyzed by CaspACE (P < 0.05). Similar results were found when the cells were analyzed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). When the cystine content of normal fibroblasts is increased by exposure to cystine dimethylester (CDME), the apoptotic rate is increased to the rate seen in nephropathic cystinotic cells. Decreasing the cystinotic cells' cystine content by use of cysteamine results in normalization of the apoptotic rate. Renal proximal tubule epithelial (RPTE) cells are much more sensitive to CDME than fibroblasts, reaching 43.8% apoptosis 6 h after exposure to CDME alone, compared with 38.2% when exposed to TNF-alpha alone. Serum withdrawal causes an apoptotic rate of 8.7% in nephropathic cystinotic fibroblasts, compared with 6.1% in normal fibroblasts. That rate increases to 37.3% in normal fibroblasts after CDME exposure. Fibroblasts from two cystinotic variants, benign ocular and intermediate cystinosis, do not display increased apoptosis with increased lysosomal cystine. It is concluded that enhanced apoptosis resulting from lysosomal cystine storage may lead to inappropriate cell death and decreased cell numbers in many tissues and hence contribute to the nephropathic cystinotic phenotype. The variant forms may represent co-segregation or linkage of rare alleles that confer resistance to apoptosis, moderating the cell loss and causing the milder disease expression.
Novel-acousto-optic deflector operating at two different light wavelengths (2008)

The scheme of the acousto-optic deflector operating at two different light wavelengths is proposed. The device enables to perform angle scanning of a light beam over a predefined spatial raster at one light wavelength firstly, and then at different wavelength over the same raster. Such a device could be used as a part of an optical scanning microscope or profilometer.
THE ALPHA-ANOMERS AND BETA-ANOMERS OF 1-O-HEXADECYL-2-O-METHYL-3-S-THIOGLUCOSYL-SN-GLYCEROL INHIBIT THE PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL CANCER CELL-LINES (1994)

Previous studies have shown that the alpha anomer of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-S-(D-1'-thioglucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol) inhibits the proliferation of leukaemic cell lines while the beta anomer was without any effect. In the present study both the alpha and beta anomers inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7, A427, A549 and T84 cells in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of the ether thioglycolipids in epithelial and leukemic cells may be different. Our studies also revealed that A549, which was the most resilient of the four cell lines to the inhibitory effects of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophosphocholine (ET18-OCH3), was the most susceptible to the effects of the ether thioglycolipids. Hence the mechanisms of action of the thioglycolipids appear to be distinct from those of ET18-OCH3. The above ether-linked thioglycolipids may therefore be prototypes of a new class of antitumour ether lipids.
Sequential immunizations with rgp120s from independent isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 induce the preferential expansion of broadly crossreactive B cells. (1991)

The gp120 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a dominant target against which the host's humoral immune response is directed. Unfortunately, gp120 proteins from different isolates of HIV are antigenically distinct, complicating the use of the envelope glycoprotein in vaccines designed to prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISA), BALB/c mice immunized and boosted with recombinant purified gp120 were studied at the single cell level for their humoral immune response to HIV-1 envelope proteins. Approximately 90% of responding B cells produced antibodies reactive with the immunizing form of gp120 but not with gp120s from other strains of HIV. A novel sandwich ELISA was then used to analyze the frequency with which individual in vivo activated B cells produced antibodies that crossreacted with heterologous gp120s. Repeated immunizations with a single gp120 or with a mixture of different gp120s resulted in the activation of primarily mono-specific (noncrossreactive) B cells. In contrast, the sequential immunization of mice with recombinant purified envelope proteins from different strains of HIV (IIIB, SF2, and Zr6) induced the selective expansion of B cells producing highly crossreactive antibodies.