gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of p40x-responsive regulatory sequences within the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat (1987)

Distinct transcriptional regulatory sequences located within the upstream sequences required for p40x trans-activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) were chemically synthesized and cloned upstream of the basal HTLV-I LTR promoter. Plasmids containing a single 21-base-pair (bp) repeat were weakly inducible by p40x. The level of trans-activation by p40x was increased when two (30-fold) or three (40-fold) 21-bp repeats were present in the upstream control region. In the mutant containing two 21-bp repeats, the upstream 21-bp repeat could be positioned in either the sense (30-fold) or the antisense (16-fold) orientation. Plasmids containing a 51-bp repeat element, which included a single 21-bp repeat, were induced to levels similar to that obtained with the 21-bp repeat sequence alone. Template DNAs containing a single copy of the HTLV-I sequences between -117 and -160 were stimulated approximately 10-fold by p40x when one copy of the 21-bp element was located downstream.
Fertility Study of Fresh Eggs by Radio Frequency Conductivity and Dielectric Effect (1939)

The experiment introduces a new method of measuring conductivity and dielectric effects, independent of electrodes in contact with the material, and is especially adaptable for observations of these properties of a whole egg.
GENESIM: genetic extraction of a single, interpretable model (2016)

Models obtained by decision tree induction techniques excel in being interpretable.However, they can be prone to overfitting, which results in a low predictive performance. Ensemble techniques are able to achieve a higher accuracy. However, this comes at a cost of losing interpretability of the resulting model. This makes ensemble techniques impractical in applications where decision support, instead of decision making, is crucial. To bridge this gap, we present the GENESIM algorithm that transforms an ensemble of decision trees to a single decision tree with an enhanced predictive performance by using a genetic algorithm. We compared GENESIM to prevalent decision tree induction and ensemble techniques using twelve publicly available data sets. The results show that GENESIM achieves a better predictive performance on most of these data sets than decision tree induction techniques and a predictive performance in the same order of magnitude as the ensemble techniques. Moreover, the resulting model of GENESIM has a very low complexity, making it very interpretable, in contrast to ensemble techniques.
20 CHANNEL VSB-AM CATV LINK UTILIZING AN EXTERNAL MODULATOR, ERBIUM LASER AND A HIGH POWER ERBIUM AMPLIFIER (1991)

A number of VSB-AM system experiments have been conducted in the past two years1,2. All of these experiments utilize a directly modulated 1.5 μm DFB laser diode as the signal source. Linear lasers with higher power and lower relative intensity noise (RIN) are required to improve system dynamic range. This paper is the first report of a VSB-AM signal source based on a linearized 1.5 μm Mach-Zehnder (MZ) intensity modulator3 and a continuous wave Erbium doped glass laser. A high power Erbium amplifier serves as the post amplifier.4 VSB-AM system performance is degraded when laser phase noise is converted to amplitude noise by fiber dispersion and fiber reflections. The low phase noise of the Erbium glass laser provides high system immunity to laser phase noise conversion.5 The use of a balanced external modulator provides a chirpless intensity, modulated signal. This means that fiber with minimum dispersion at 1.3 μm can be used with the 1.5 μm source laser without degradation from second order distortion products.6
Theoretical Investigation of the Directional Electron Transfer in 4-Aminonaphthalimide Compounds (2001)

Photoinduced electron-transfer reactions in small supramolecular systems, such as the 4-aminonaphthalimide compounds, are interesting in that there are two alternative directions for the electron transfer to occur. Nevertheless, the electron transfer occurs only along one path, as deduced from pH-dependent fluorescence quenching studies of selected compounds. The role of the electronic coupling matrix element and the effect of the charges accompanying protonation are considered so as to explain the directionality of the electron transfer and other results. A related mechanism is suggested for interpreting the behavior of similar molecules, which serve as fluorescent sensors of metal ions.
Low-altitude remote sensing platform for estimating suspended sediment concentration in tropical cloudy environment (2015)

Coastal water quality conditions have great influences on the ecological environment of tropical coastal regions. Conventional in-situ measuring approach is time consuming and laborious. The growing remote sensing data and techniques have become more widely used in estimating water quality parameters based on the reflection and absorption characteristics. The reflected spectral signals from the water body are easy to be disturbed or confused due to the uncertainty of cloud cover before they are recorded by remote sensors. Moreover, the atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data has always been one of the most difficult steps in quantitative remote sensing application research, especially in tropical cloudy environment. This project tries to improve the satellite-based water quality monitoring framework with the assistance of low-altitude remote remote platform, and the present study will preliminarily explore the feasibility and superiority of low-altitude spectral characteristics for monitoring water quality in coastal cloudy regions.
Efficient selection of transgenic mouse embryos using EGFP as a marker gene (1999)

We have established a reliable method that uses the EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) gene as a marker for selecting transgenic embryos from preimplantation embryos. Embryos that were subjected to the pronuclear microinjection of the CMV/beta-actin/EGFP fusion gene were cultured in vitro until they developed into the morulae- or blastocyst-stage. The expression of EGFP was easily observed by a fluorescent microscopy. There appeared to be no damage to the in vivo developmental ability of the embryos in response to the EGFP excitation light, which utilized an IB filter for a period of 30 min. Modified PCR analysis using Dpn I and Bal 31 digestion of the embryonic DNA showed that all of the embryos expressing EGFP in all their cells were transgenic, while more than half with mosaic expression of EGFP were not transgenic. Approximately 77% of pups born from the embryos that uniformly expressed the EGFP gene were transgenic, while 21.4% of pups from the embryos with mosaic expression were transgenics. The results showed that the use of EGFP as a marker is very useful and reliable for selecting transgenic embryos, and that it is important to transfer the embryos expressing EGFP in all their cells to obtain truly transgenic animals.
Plumbagin inhibits growth of gliomas in vivo via suppression of FOXM1 expression (2015)

Plumbagin is a natural compound that is isolated from the root of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. Based on a previous in vitro study performed by our group, which demonstrated the effectiveness of plumbagin against glioma cells, we further ascertained whether plumbagin exhibits the same effectiveness against glioma cell xenografts in nude mice. Our results revealed that tumor volume was reduced by 54.48% in the plumbagin-treated group compared with the controls. Furthermore, there were no obvious signs of toxicity as assessed by the organ sizes and cell morphologies of the mice that were treated with plumbagin. Immunoﬂuorescence assays further revealed that plumbagin significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Importantly, we also determined that the expressions of FOXM1 and its downstream target effectors, including cyclin D1 and Cdc25B, were down-regulated in the treated group, while the expressions of p21 and p27 were increased; the latter findings corroborate the results of our previous in vitro study. Taken together, these findings indicate that plumbagin may be a natural downregulator of FOXM1 with potential therapeutic effectiveness for the treatment of gliomas.
Effect of OPC-12759, a Novel Antiulcer Agent on Chronic and Acute Experimental Gastric Ulcer, and Gastric Secretion in Rats (1989)

The antiulcer effects of OPC-12759, a novel antiulcer agent were compared with those of cetraxate in various experimental ulcer models and on gastric secretion in rats. OPC-12759 (0.3-30 mg/kg, b.i.d., p.o.) significantly accelerated the healing rate of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in a dose-dependent manner, while cetraxate did not. When administered orally at 0.3-30 mg/kg, b.i.d., for 7 days, pretreatment with OPC-12759 (0.3-30 mg/kg, b.i.d., p.o.) prevented the formation of acute gastric ulcers, induced by: restraint water immersion stress, aspirin, indomethacin, histamine, serotonin, platelet activating factor (PAF) and DDC. Cetraxate showed antiulcer activity against a part of the OPC-1 2759-positive gastric ulcer models. Given intraperitoneal^ at the single dosing range of 10-100 mg/kg, OPC-12759 inhibited the formation of these acute gastric ulcer models. OPC-12759 administered orally at 0.3-30 mg/kg, b.i.d., for 7 days did not inhibit basal gastric secretion in pylorus ligated rats. The results indicated that OPC-1 2759 possesses wide spectrum antiulcer activity as compared with cetraxate.
An Event Based GUI Programming Toolkit for Embedded System (2010)

Due to various differences in hardware architectures of devices in ubiquitous computing systems, portability and platform-independency become the main challenge for graphics programming in system design. In this paper, we propose an adaptive user interface programming toolkit for system design in ubiquitous computing environment. The toolkit leverages an existing system software infrastructure, making the application programming straightforward and platform independent. This proposed toolkit can be divided into two parts: the first part consists of open source cross-platform graphics libraries which are encapsulated into the platform dependent part of backend library for interacting with specific system. While another one, called core library, is responsible for the functions of control logics, graphics drawing and backend management. To demonstrate the practical use of this toolkit and its portability, a case study is provided for demonstration. The test results on three different embedded systems show its good adaptability on multi-platforms.
DNA Methylation: Approaches, Methods, and Applications (2005)

Describing the relation DNA methylation has to gene silencing in disease, this book explores its promising role in treating cancer. Written by leaders in the field, it outlines the best techniques to use when addressing questions concerning the cytosine methylation status of genomic DNA. Including concepts, experimental models, and clinical uses of demethylating agents, the book provides articles clarifying methodological details and more general review chapters that offer broad biological perspectives on DNA methylation. This is an invaluable handbook for researchers and clinicians interested in genetics and molecular biology, particularly epigenetic therapies and gene silencing.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Invasion Front (2013)

We conducted three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) using serial histological sections to visualize the architecture of invasive tumors. Fourteen OTSCC cases were collected from archival paraffin-embedded specimens. Based on a pathodiagnostic survey of whole cancer lesions, a core tissue specimen (3 mm in diameter) was dissected out from the deep invasion front using a paraffin tissue microarray. Serial sections (4 μ m thick) were double immunostained with pan-cytokeratin and Ki67 antibodies and digitized images were acquired using virtual microscopy. For 3D reconstruction, image registration and RGB color segmentation were automated using ImageJ software to avoid operator-dependent subjective errors. Based on the 3D tumor architecture, we classified the mode of invasion into four types: pushing and bulky architecture; trabecular architecture; diffuse spreading; and special forms. Direct visualization and quantitative assessment of the parenchymal-stromal border provide a new dimension in our understanding of OTSCC architecture. These 3D morphometric analyses also ascertained that cell invasion (individually and collectively) occurs at the deep invasive front of the OTSCC. These results demonstrate the advantages of histology-based 3D reconstruction for evaluating tumor architecture and its potential for a wide range of applications.
Reconfigurable Receiver With Radio-Frequency Current-Mode Complex Signal Processing Supporting Carrier Aggregation (2015)

A software-defined radio receiver that is suitable for intra-band carrier aggregation is demonstrated. The RF front-end frequency selectivity is enhanced by the combination of the passive mixer and a proposed reconfigurable transimpedance amplifier. High order bandpass filtering function with frequency notches can be achieved at the front-end. Current domain complex signal processing is explored to select and separate multiple channels concurrently. The receiver contains a variety of functional building blocks that can be connected in different ways to form various architectures. The fine-grained programmability of component parameters and reconfigurability of receiver schemes enable optimum performance under varying signal and blocker scenarios. A proof-of-concept CMOS chip fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology is presented that supports up to three-channel aggregation. The receiver operates at any frequency between 0.5 to 3 GHz. The frequency separation between the concurrent RF channels can be tuned anywhere between 0 to +100 MHz. The concurrent receiver scheme can also be explored to reject large near-band blockers for high dynamic range.
Adenovirus type-35 vectors block human CD4 <sup>+</sup> T-cell activation via CD46 ligation (2011)

Recombinant adenoviruses (rAds) based on types 5 (rAd5) and 35 (rAd35) have emerged as important vaccine delivery vectors in clinical testing for a variety of pathogens. A major difference between these vectors is their binding to cellular receptors used for infection. Whereas rAd5 binds coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), rAd35 binds the complement regulatory protein CD46. Although rAd35 infected and phenotypically matured human blood dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently than rAd5, we show here that rAd35 markedly suppressed DC-induced activation of naive CD4(+) T cells. rAd35 specifically blocked both DCs and anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced naive T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production. This effect was also observed in CD4(+) memory T cells but to a lesser extent. The suppression occurred by rAd35 binding to CD46 on T cells and was independent of infection. CD46 engagement with mAb mimicked the effects of rAd35 and also led to deficient NF-κB nuclear translocation. In contrast, rAd5 and rAd35 vectors with ablated CD46 binding did not inhibit T-cell activation. Our findings provide insights into the basic biology of adenoviruses and indicate that CD46 binding may have an impact on the generation of primary CD4(+) T-cell responses by Ad35.
Multivariate Curve Resolution Applied to Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis of Chocolate Samples (2015)

This paper shows the application of Raman and infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) to the analysis of the constituents of commercial chocolate samples. The combination of different spectral data pretreatment methods allowed decreasing the high fluorescent Raman signal contribution of whey in the investigated chocolate samples. Using equality constraints during MCR analysis, estimations of the pure spectra of the chocolate sample constituents were improved, as well as their relative contributions and their spatial distribution on the analyzed samples. In addition, unknown constituents could be also resolved. White chocolate constituents resolved from Raman hyperspectral image indicate that, at macro scale, sucrose, lactose, fat, and whey constituents were intermixed in particles. Infrared hyperspectral imaging did not suffer from fluorescence and could be applied for white and milk chocolate. As a conclusion of this study, micro-hyperspectral imaging coupled to the MCR method is confirmed to be an appropriate tool for the direct analysis of the constituents of chocolate samples, and by extension, it is proposed for the analysis of other mixture constituents in commercial food samples.
Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of the recent literature. (2000)

The decline in dental caries prevalence and incidence in developed countries over the last two decades is considered to be largely due to the widespread use of fluoride. Simultaneously, with the decline in caries, an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis has been noticed. The increase is in the mild and very mild forms of fluorosis, and is proportionally greater in non-fluoridated areas than in fluoridated areas. This is because of the increase in the mean fluoride intake from all sources since the 1940s. The increase in fluorosis prevalence prompted numerous studies on risk factors for fluorosis. As a result the literature over the last two decades has also reported numerous studies with differing and confusing results. This paper describes for the clinician the condition and summarizes the recent literature on the risk factors for fluorosis. Only well conducted studies evaluating risk factors or indicators and quantifying the risk for dental fluorosis from the 1980s through the 1990s time period were included in this review. Four major risk factors were consistently identified: use of fluoridated drinking water, fluoride supplements, fluoride toothpaste, and infant formulas before the age of six years.
A Study of Organic Boro-Nitrogen Compounds (1912)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTA Study of Organic Boro-Nitrogen CompoundsArden R. JohnsonArden R. JohnsonMore by Arden R. JohnsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1912, 16, 1, 1–28Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1912Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1912https://doi.org/10.1021/j150127a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Growth Factor Alterations in Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy: A Possible Role of Blood Retina Barrier Breakdown (1997)

Chronic hyperglycemia may cause growth factor alterations that are likely to participate in tissue remodeling typical for diabetic late complications. However, few details of such events are known. The ocular vitreous fluid allows studies of growth factor levels in human eyes (after vitrectomy). The vitreous is highly inert and protected by the blood-retina barrier and thus probably reflects growth factor production by the normal retina. Vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was compared with vitreous obtained from patients with nonproliferative eye disease and with vitreous from patients without diabetes but with marked neovascular proliferations due to ischemia. This design permits us to distinguish diabetes-related from non-diabetes-related alterations. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), and IGFBP-3 were elevated 3- to 13-fold in nondiabetic retinal ischemia and 1.5- to 3-fold in PDR, indicating that the changes were not restricted to diabetes. These changes may partially be explained by leakage of serum into the vitreous, since IGFs and IGFBPs are 20- to 50-fold higher in serum than in vitreous, and vitreous protein content was 1.5-fold elevated in PDR subjects and 5-fold in ischemia patients compared with control subjects. TGF-beta is a proposed antiangiogenic factor in the eye. TGF-beta2 was the predominant subtype in vitreous, and its total amount was not altered in PDR patients. More importantly, the active fraction of TGF-beta was decreased by 30 and 70% in PDR and nondiabetic retinal ischemia patients, respectively. Since plasmin may control TGF-beta activation, the serum protein alpha2-antiplasmin was measured and found to be significantly elevated to 150 and 250% of control values in PDR and ischemia patients, respectively. Thus, influx of serum proteins due to microvascular disturbances and hypoxia is proposed as a possible cause for vitreous alterations of IGF-I and of active TGF-beta. These changes seem to occur late in the sequence of events leading to PDR and are not specific for diabetes, but they were also observed in other diseases characterized by retinal hypoxia.
Epigenetic regulation of proprotein convertase PACE4 gene expression in human ovarian cancer cells. (2003)

Proprotein convertases (PC) are a family of serine endoproteases that play important roles in regulating cell function by converting proproteins to biologically active molecules. Several lines of evidence suggest that overexpression of PCs contributes to tumor formation and progression in various types of cancer. In this study, we examined PC expression in six normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cultures, nine primary ovarian cancer (OC) cultures, and three established OC cell lines (Hey, HeyC2, and OCC-1). Our results show that furin and PC7 expression in OC cells was comparable to that in normal OSE. However, PACE4 expression was greatly reduced in all OC samples studied. PACE4 promoter activity was measured in HeyC2 and OCC-1 cells using transiently transfected luciferase reporter plasmids. Both cell lines supported PACE4 promoter activity, showing that the transcription factors critical for PACE4 expression are present in OC cells. The observation that established OC cell lines have reduced PACE4 expression, but maintained the ability to support PACE4 promoter activity, led to the hypothesis that reduced expression may be due to epigenetic modification of the PACE4 gene, such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Methylation analysis of 79 CpG dinucleotides within the PACE4 promoter and exon I (-196/+340) revealed that the percentage of methylated cytosine nucleotides was 8-9% in normal OSE, but 58-93% in OC cells. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and/or the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A greatly increased PACE4 expression in OC cells. These data suggest that the reduction of PACE4 expression in OC cells is caused, in part, by DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation.