gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Heart Murmurs Using Wavelet Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (2005)

This paper presents the algorithm and technical aspects of an intelligent diagnostic system for the detection of heart murmurs. The purpose of this research is to address the lack of effectively accurate cardiac auscultation present at the primary care physician office by development of an algorithm capable of operating within the hectic environment of the primary care office. The proposed algorithm consists of three main stages. First; denoising of input data (digital recordings of heart sounds), via Wavelet Packet Analysis. Second; input vector preparation through the use of Principal Component Analysis and block processing. Third; classification of the heart sound using an Artificial Neural Network. Initial testing revealed the intelligent diagnostic system can differentiate between normal healthy heart sounds and abnormal heart sounds (e.g., murmurs), with a specificity of 70.5% and a sensitivity of 64.7%.
Electrocatalytic Behavior and Amperometric Detection of Morphine on ITO Electrode Modified with Directly Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract A gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) film coated glass electrode was prepared via a novel electrochemical deposition technique. The UV‐visible spectrum and SEM indicated that the AuNPs on ITO electrode surface were spherical shape and quite symmetric distributed. The modified electrode exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the oxidation of morphine (MO). At optimal experimental condition, the oxidation current was responsive with the MO concentrations ranging from 8.0×10 −7 to 1.6×10 −5 M, the detection limit was 2.1×10 –7 M. The modified electrode also exhibited high stability and reproducibility. The average recoveries of detection MO in human urine were ranged between 91.95% and 92.23%, and the RSD was less than 3.68% ( n =5).
Structure of the Hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, and SheA) Channel in Its Membrane-bound Form (2006)

Hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, SheA) is a pore-forming protein toxin isolated from Escherichia coli. The three-dimensional structure of its water-soluble form is known, but that of the membrane-bound HlyE complex is not. We have used electron microscopy and image processing to show that the pores are predominantly octameric. Three-dimensional reconstructions of HlyE pores assembled in lipid/detergent micelles suggest a degree of conformational variability in the octameric complexes. The reconstructed pores were significantly longer than the maximum dimension of the water-soluble molecule, indicating that conformational changes occur on pore formation.
FIMD-MPI: a tool for injecting faults into MPI application (2002)

Parallel computing is seeing increasing use in critical applications. The need therefore arises to test the robustness of parallel applications in the presence of exceptional conditions, or faults. Communication-software-based fault injection is an extremely flexible approach to robustness testing in message-passing parallel computers. A fault injection methodology and tool that use this approach are presented. The tool, known as FIMD-MPI, allows injection of faults into MPI-based applications. The structure and operation of FIMD-MPI are described and the use of the tool is illustrated on an example fault-tolerant MPI application.
Developments in fibrous refractory composite insulation (1981)

A family of high strength per unit density fibrous insulation materials has undergone preliminary development for heat-shielding advanced, reusable entry vehicles. These materials have a range of temperature capabilities dependent on composition. They have an unusually high thermal-shock resistance, an unusually high strain-to- failure, low thermal conductivity, and good morphological stability. One composition within the family, 22% aluminoborosilicate fiber (0.19 g/cc), has been successfully produced in a pilot plant and scaled up to full production. This fiber's additional strength makes it a desirable composition; it will be used on the third and fourth Space Shuttle vehicles. Another composition, 15% aluminoborosilicate fiber (0.14 g/cc) , has been adopted for use on limited parts of the third vehicle and as a replacement for the 0.14 g/cc density, rigid silica RSI on the fourth.
Anti-tumor activity of recombinant tumor necrosis factor on mouse fibrosarcoma in vivo and in vitro. (1988)

The experiments presented were designed first to determine the effects of rTNF on the methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (FSA-1) in C3H/JSed mice and second to determine whether the observed effects are the result of direct action by rTNF on the tumor or whether rTNF acts as a mediator of other effector mechanisms. Mice received syngeneic FSA-1 fibrosarcoma cells either s.c. or i.v. in order to evaluate growth of transplantable solid tumor or lung metastases, respectively. The range of dosages, from 10(2) to 2 x 10(5) U of rTNF, was administered i.v. at different intervals after the tumor cell injection. Early injection of 10(3) to 10(4) U of rTNF reduced the growth of s.c. injected tumor and the number of lung metastases in i.v. injected mice. In both cases, survival of mice was also prolonged. However, in vitro treatment of FSA-1 tumor cells with rTNF did not result in the reduction of their proliferating activity after injection into mice, although direct cytostatic and moderate cytotoxic activity of rTNF in vitro was demonstrated. To identify whether other cellular mechanisms are involved in the effects observed in vivo, the anti-tumor activity of rTNF-treated spleen cells was evaluated in vitro using a 75Se release assay. Whereas nontreated spleen cells demonstrated very low cytotoxic activity in this system, the cells from rTNF-treated mice showed marked increase in the cytotoxicity against syngeneic tumor cells. These results suggest that the anti-tumor activity of rTNF represents a combination of its direct effect on tumor cells and indirect effects involving host immune mechanisms.
kan shou yu (2010)

在经济全球化、信息革命、科技飞速发展的时代背景下,纺织与材料、医学、生物、化工、电子、自动化、信息及其他产业领域的联系越来越紧密,特别是与其他基础学科的交叉融合将构成现代纺织繁荣发展的基石.
LUCA15, a putative tumour suppressor gene encoding an RNA‐binding nuclear protein, is down‐regulated in ras‐transformed Rat‐1 cells (2000)

These results demonstrate that LUCA15 is one of the down-regulated genes in ras-transformed cells, and suggests that LUCA15 may function as a negative regulator of cell proliferation by the alteration of its mRNA level.
An industrial point of view on control teaching and theory (1986)

This paper presents some ideas on the relation between the unified discipline of control as taught in the university and the differentiated practices of control as they are developed in different industries.
Thylakoid membrane‐bound ascorbate peroxidase is a limiting factor of antioxidative systems under photo‐oxidative stress (2002)

To evaluate the physiological importance of thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) in the active oxygen species-scavenging system of chloroplasts, the level of tAPX in tobacco plants was altered by expression of the tAPX cDNA in both sense and antisense orientation. The tobacco plants transformed with constructs of antisense tAPXs from spinach and tobacco could not be obtained, suggesting that the suppression of tAPX in higher plants had a severe effect on the growth even under normal conditions. In contrast, the transgenic tobacco plants (TpTAP-12) overexpressing tAPX, which had approximately 37-fold higher activity than that of the wild-type plants, were generated. The TpTAP-12 plants showed increased tolerance to oxidative stress caused by application of methylviologen (MV, 50 microm) under light intensity (300 and 1600 microE m(-2) sec(-1)) and by chilling stress with high light intensity (4 degrees C, 1000 microE m(-2) sec(-1)). At 24 h after the MV treatment under illumination at 300 microE m-2 sec-1, destruction of chlorophyll was observed in the wild-type plants, but not in the TpTAP-12 plants. The activities of thiol-modulated enzymes in the Calvin cycle, the level and redox status of ascorbate (AsA), and the activity of tAPX in the wild-type plants significantly decreased, while those in the TpTAP-12 plants were hardly changed. These observations suggest that tAPX is a limiting factor of antioxidative systems under photo-oxidative stress in chloroplasts, and that the enhanced activity of tAPX functions to maintain the AsA content and the redox status of AsA under stress conditions.
Quantum switching and quantum merge sorting (2006)

This paper proposes a quantum switching architecture that can dynamically permute each input quantum data to its destination port to avoid using the fully connected networks. In addition, in order to reduce the execution time of the quantum switching, an efficient quantum merge sorting (QMS) algorithm that provides a parallel quantum computation is also developed. The quantum switching utilizes the QMS algorithm as a subroutine so that the total running time can be reduced to polylogarithmic time. Furthermore, to evaluate the feasibility of the quantum switching, we also define three different kinds of performance factors that can be used to estimate the complexity in implementation and the time delay in execution for quantum instruments. From the evaluation results, it can be seen that the proposed quantum switching is feasible in practice.
A Smart Camera for Multimodal Human Computer Interaction (2006)

A smart camera is an embedded vision system which, in addition to image capture, performs image analysis and pattern recognition to provide as output a high-level understanding of the imaged scene. Smart cameras are essential components to build active and automated control systems for many applications, such as surveillance, machine vision, and interactive visualization systems. The heart of smart camera is the intelligent image processing algorithms that turn raw data into knowledge. The design of smart camera is challenging because on one hand video processing has insatiable demand for performance and power, and on the other hand embedded systems place considerable constraints on the design. In this paper we firstly present an overview of smart camera technologies and the process to design smart cameras as embedded systems. We then present the design and implementation of a smart camera, called GestureCam, which can recognize simple hand and head gestures. The camera uses a CMOS image sensor as capture front-end, and the image processing and gesture recognition is completely built on a single FPGA device. The experimental results have shown it to be robust with enough performance to meet real-time constraints. We plan to use the GestureCam to build next generation of natural multimodal human computer interfaces.
Prospects for proximity effect superconducting FETs (1989)

The authors address the question of how a JOFET (Josephson field effect transistor) works and whether or not a useful device of this type is feasible. They show that JOFETs represent a limiting case of normal FETs in which superconducting source and drain contacts result in zero channel resistance. This results in improved device characteristics, but does not have a major effect on speed or power dissipation. With conventional superconductors, the input and output voltage scales are incompatible, but the authors describe the extent to which this can be overcome by using high-temperature superconductors, making possible voltage gain exceeding unity. Device length and operating temperature are constrained by the natural length scale for the penetration of superconductivity into normal materials, so that submicrometer device dimensions and operating temperatures less than approximately 77 K are required. Silicon is effectively ruled out in favor of III-V materials for device operation above approximately 20 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The in vitro profile of selected 14-membered azalides. (1992)

The in vitro antimicrobial potency of 10-aza-9-deoxo-11-deoxyerythromycin A, the first member of a new class of macrolide antibiotic, was determined. Several other members of this family of azalide were prepared and similarly screened in order to begin to define the antibiotic potential of the class. The results indicate that the SAR for this structural type parallels that of other macrolides and that it offers no apparent benefit over known 15-membered azalides.
A power threshold based policy for vertical handoff in heterogeneous networks (2005)

Vertical handoff of multi-interface mobile hosts is one of the most significant challenges for the next generation heterogeneous wireless networks. Several vertical handoff policies have been proposed to decide the target network for each active application in a mobile host (MH), but no careful consideration is given to manage the relationship among multiple handoff decision processes of all these applications. In order to solve this problem, a power threshold based handoff policy is proposed, in which the battery duration of the MH is taken into account, and flexible control of multiple handoff decision processes of the ongoing applications is realized. Performance analysis and numerical simulation demonstrate that, by adjusting the power threshold defined in our policy, various degrees of compromise can be achieved between the spectral efficiency of the heterogeneous networks and the battery duration of the MH.
Near ML Modulation Classification (2012)

This paper deals with the problem of classification of digital modulation. In particular, we develop and propose a practical modulation classification scheme based on the likelihood of observations. While ML classification is well known and shows the optimal performance, its computational complexity prevents it from being easily implemented in hardware. On the contrary, our proposed scheme has low computational complexity and near optimal classification performance. Moreover, this scheme is designed to perform in fast fading channels. It is shown that our proposed classifier takes advantage of the channel variation without loosing near optimality.
A programmable transceiver structure of multi-rate OFDM-CDMA for wireless multimedia communications (2002)

Two multi-rate transmission schemes, multi-code (MC) and variable-spreading-length (VSL) code, for realizing multimedia communications on three types of OFDM-CDMA systems are proposed. We integrate them into a programmable structure such that the operation can be controlled and adjusted by system parameters and thus the transceiver can be used in different systems without changing the fundamental hardware and software architecture, which serves the trend of software-radio for future application.
La Unión Europea en el Cáucaso Sur y Asia Central: las limitaciones de la política de vecindad (2007)

Se analiza la creciente importancia estrategica del Caucaso Sur y Asia Central para la Union Europea y las limitaciones de la actual Politica de Vecindad.

El Caucaso Sur y Asia Central son regiones de creciente importancia estrategica para la Union Europea. La presencia de la UE en la zona pretende ser estabilizadora pero resulta insuficiente habida cuenta de las situaciones conflictivas que en ella se producen, en algunas de las cuales estan involucrados importantes actores internacionales, principalmente Rusia. La Politica de Vecindad actualmente vigente permite articular las relaciones de la Union con los tres paises caucasicos, no asi con los cinco de Asia Central relegados al bloque de la cooperacion al desarrollo.
Increased Elastin mRNA Levels Associated with Surgically Induced Intimal Injury (1988)

Quantitative levels of mRNAs coding for elastin, types I and III procollagen and gamma-actin were measured in porcine vascular material following balloon catheterization. A balloon catheter was introduced into the thoracic aorta and jugular vein of 3-6 week old pigs; following distention and six days of postoperative recovery, tissue samples were obtained for histopathology, electron microscopy, RNA extraction and mRNA quantitation. Using a series of mammalian cDNA clones and the procedure of slot blot hybridization, we have shown that elastin and types I and III procollagen mRNA levels rose significantly during the postoperative period following vascular distention. The increase correlated with an increase in the cell mass present in both the venous and arterial intimal layers. Changes in gamma-actin mRNA levels were also associated with this rapid proliferative response but in arterial tissue only.
The catalyzed conversion of methane to methanol at high pressure (1987)

The direct conversion of methane to methanol has recently been reviewed by three independent studies. The process has also been economically evaluated relative to the conventional methanol process and shown to be preferred at CH{sub 3}OH selectivities greater than about 75% with conversion as low as 4%. During a study of the catalytic reaction we found higher selectivities to methanol under noncatalytic conditions where reactor inertness was achieved by using a glass-lining. It was also observed, as previous workers had found, that natural gas reacted at about 100{degree} below the methane reaction due to the presence of higher hydrocarbons (and presumably weaker C-H bonds). Thus, a study was undertaken to examine the effect of sensitizers on the reaction.
Head-Out Spirometry Accurately Monitors the Course of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Lung Infection in Mice (2010)

Our findings suggest that non-invasive head-out spirometry is a reliable and highly sensitive method to longitudinally assess the course of bacterial lung infections.
MR-guided biopsy of suspect breast lesions with a simple stereotaxic add-on-device for surface coils. (1994)

A guiding attachment is described that transforms a conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging surface coil into a stereotaxic biopsy unit. Eight patients, aged 38-66 years (mean, 54 years), with suspect breast lesions detected exclusively at contrast material-enhanced MR imaging underwent MR-guided needle biopsy with this unit. Diagnostic material was successfully aspirated in all patients (four carcinomas, three fibroadenomas, and one intraductal hyperplasia), and the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed at surgical biopsy. This technique promises to increase the diagnostic specificity for lesions seen solely at MR imaging.
Handbook of Vinyl Polymers (2010)

Radical polymerization is one of the most widely used means of producing vinyl polymers, supporting a myriad of commercial uses. Maintaining the quality of the critically acclaimed first edition, the Handbook of Vinyl Polymers: Radical Polymerization, Process, and Technology, Second Edition provides a fully updated, single-volume source on t
RNA as a target for small-molecule therapeutics (2005)

Natural antibiotics that specifically target RNA components of the bacterial ribosome set precedence for RNA-directed small-molecule drugs. Structured domains of functional RNAs in bacteria and viruses have thus attracted attention as targets for the discovery of novel anti-infectives. Whereas a growing number of RNA-directed ligands have been reported in the literature, creating synthetic molecules that combine high affinity with selectivity for a specific RNA target remains a key challenge. Ongoing discovery efforts towards this goal, combined with the increasing knowledge of the factors that govern small-molecule recognition of RNA folds, will prepare the ground for the development of novel RNA-targeted therapeutics.
24.1: Microstructured Light Management Films for Information Displays Generated by Holography (2002)

Abstract Microstructured films as optical components have become more and more important for information displays recently. Such films can act as light management components, that distribute light uniformly in LC displays or on rear projection screens. Glare control and AR can be achieved using microstructures on the front surface of displays. Recently developed large area holographic exposure techniques combined with mass replication allow a very precise definition of the optical properties of such light‐weight, cost‐effective films.
Endocytosis and Endosomal Trafficking of DNA After Gene Electrotransfer In Vitro (2016)

DNA electrotransfer is a successful technique for gene delivery into cells and represents an attractive alternative to virus-based methods for clinical applications including gene therapy and DNA vaccination. However, little is currently known about the mechanisms governing DNA internalization and its fate inside cells. The objectives of this work were to investigate the role of endocytosis and to quantify the contribution of different routes of cellular trafficking during DNA electrotransfer. To pursue these objectives, we performed flow cytometry and single-particle fluorescence microscopy experiments using inhibitors of endocytosis and endosomal markers. Our results show that ~50% of DNA is internalized by caveolin/raft-mediated endocytosis, 25% by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and 25% by macropinocytosis. During active transport, DNA is routed through multiple endosomal compartments with, in the hour following electrotransfer, 70% found in Rab5 structures, 50% in Rab11-containing organelles and 30% in Rab9 compartments. Later, 60% of DNA colocalizes with Lamp1 vesicles. Because these molecular markers can overlap while following organelles through several steps of trafficking, the percentages do not sum up to 100%. We conclude that electrotransferred DNA uses the classical endosomal trafficking pathways. Our results are important for a generalized understanding of gene electrotransfer, which is crucial for its safe use in clinics.
Tough Nature-Inspired Helicoidal Composites with Printing-Induced Voids (2020)

Exoskeletons of Odontodactylus japonicas, the “smasher-type” mantis shrimp, feature a raptorial appendage comprising a Bouligand architecture of chitin nanofibrils with newly observed voids or defects between the polysaccharide α-chitin and protein interfaces. Here, we use a continuous-fiber 3D printing technology to simulate such materials in carbon fiber-reinforced (helicoidal) composites, complete with the presence of voids due to imperfect printing. The specific impact energies of the 3D printed helicoidal composites are clearly superior and further enhanced by the presence of the voids. To explain the role of the Bouligand architecture, interlaminar stresses are computed and found to yield anti-delamination characteristics, and a theoretical model is derived to evaluate the optimal helicoidal architecture. Finite element modeling indicates that the voids tend to deform and coalesce on loading and appear to guide the fracture into the formation of an ideally twisted crack in the printed helicoidal composites, thereby contributing to the impact toughness.