gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OPTICAL PATTERNATION OF A MULTI-ORIFICE SPRAY NOZZLE (2005)

Patternation of a multi-orifice nozzle with an extinction tomography-based optical patternator is reported. Path-integrated transmittances were obtained from a six-orifice nozzle at 1000 Hz. The path-integrated transmittances were deconvoluted using the maximum likelihood estimation method in conjunction with a novel grid scheme. The optical patternator obtains path-integrated extinction measurements at only six view angles due to the limitations in the physical size of the instrument, and the optical arrangement. An older grid scheme would therefore provide an angular resolution of only 30 deg for the deconvolution method. However, a theoretical study with the new grid scheme showed that the angular resolution could be increased significantly by compromising on the radial resolution. This increase of the angular resolution results in a more uniform segment size distribution so that the method is less prone to deconvolution errors. The deconvolution method in conjunction with the new grid scheme was applied to the path-integrated measurements from the six-orifice nozzle. The method successfully resolved the spatial distribution of surface area per unit volume of drops in a horizontal plane within the spray.
Multiple layer discrete-time cellular neural networks using time-variant templates (1993)

A generalized architecture for discrete-time cellular neural networks (DTCNNs) is provided. It allows multiple layers of different architecture, which can be combined in several interconnection modes. Three elementary building blocks are introduced. Another important extension is the use of time-variant templates. They allow the definition of cyclic templates, where the coefficients are changed every iteration step and a set of templates is applied periodically. The definition of convergence has been adopted for this network structure, and important classes of templates are proved to be convergent. Examples are given for the following image processing tasks: rectangular hull extraction, skeletonization, and halftoning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review (1995)

Keratinocytes are the major cellular constituent of stratified epithelia. Defects in these epithelia are re-epithelialized by keratinocytes migrating from the edge of the defect into the wound. The cells form a monolayer with subsequent differentiation into a multilayered epithelium. It is thought that plasminogen activation by migrating keratinocytes is an important event during re-epithelialization. In the present report we summarize the studies on plasminogen activation by human keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. Under the aspect of pericellular proteolysis the discussion is focused on the molecular mechanisms of plasminogen activation at the keratinocyte surface and on the cell-biological consequences of pericellular plasmin formation. We describe a cell surface-associated pathway of plasminogen activation which crucially depends on cell surface receptors for (pro)-uPA and plasmin(ogen). uPA bound to its receptor converts cell-bound plasminogen into the active protease plasmin. Compared to plasminogen activation in solution, activation at the keratinocyte cell surface is accelerated by a factor of approx. 7-10, and the plasmin generated and bound at the cell surface is protected against its specific inhibitor alpha 2-antiplasmin. Plasmin thus provided in the pericellular space leads to detachment of cultured keratinocytes from the growth substratum. Plasmin interferes with the adhesion of keratinocytes to fibrin, but not with the adhesion to collagen type I. By demonstrating that keratinocytes of the epithelial outgrowth in healing skin wounds express uPA and the uPA-R and that plasmin(ogen) is colocalized with uPA and/or uPA-R, indirect evidence is provided that this pathway may be operative in vivo. In view of previous findings that plasminogen activation is also observed under certain pathologic conditions in the epidermis, we conclude that plasminogen activation by keratinocytes is rather related to tissue damage and subsequent repair mechanisms than to a specific pathologic situation.
Permeability and electromagnetic-interference characteristics of Fe–Si–Al alloy flakes–polymer composite (1999)

A magnetic sheet made of Fe–Si–Al flakes was found to have excellent permeability and electromagnetic-interferences characteristics in a quasimicrowave band. The flakes prepared by attrition were embedded in a polymer with their planes lying parallel to the sheet plane. This sheet exhibits a peculiar dual dispersion in permeability. The Curie temperature of the flakes increases with increasing specific surface area of the flakes. This suggests the composition of the flakes changes to excess Fe by oxidation of Si and Al. This deviation from the Sendust composition brings an increase of a magnetoelastic effect and the dual frequency dispersion seems to be associated with stress caused by attrition. On the basis of these results, flakes with more desirable permeability characteristics were produced from raw powder with less Fe content. Consequently, we could fabricate a magnetic composite that possesses superior noise suppressing effect in a quasi-microwave band.
Supporting real-time traffic on Ethernet (1994)

Ethernet has been the dominant local area network architecture in the last decade, and we believe that it will continue to be so because of its cost-effectiveness and the availability of higher-bandwidth Ethernets. We propose and evaluate a software-based protocol called RETHER (Real-time ETHERnet) that provider real-time performance guarantees to multimedia applications without modifying existing Ethernet hardware. RETHER features a hybrid mode of operation to reduce the performance impact on non-real-time network packets, a race-condition-free distributed admission control mechanism, and an efficient token-passing scheme that protects the network against token loss due to node failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diversifying Selection in Plant Breeding (2004)

Natural variation rather than genetic modification - is this the way to achieve global food security?
Temperature effects on fatty acid composition during development of low‐linolenic oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) (1998)

Abstract The influence of temperature during seed development on the fatty acid composition of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) was studied in one low‐linolenic and one conventional canola cultivar. The cultivar Regent produces seed oil with ∼20% linoleic acid (C18:2) and ∼8% linolenic acid (C18:3), whereas Stellar is relatively high in C18:2 (∼25%) and low in C18:3 (∼2.5%). Both cultivars were grown in the field, and the fatty acid compositions of the seed oils were monitored throughout the period of seed development. In the field, the content of saturated (C16:0+C18:0) and monounsaturated (C18:1) fatty acids in the seed oil increased when seed developed under high temperatures. C18:3 levels were higher in seed harvested at sites with lower average daily temperatures. The low C18:3 trait of the cultivar Stellar was relatively stable over environments. Both temperature and duration of exposure to the temperature during seed development affected the fatty acid composition of the seed in a controlled environment study. Plants subjected to a high‐temperature treatment (30/25°C day/night) for 40 d produced seed with the lowest C18:3 content and the highest levels of C16:0+C18:0 and C18:1. This was observed in both cultivars.
Neurocognition: Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Schizophrenia (2014)

Schizophrenia is characterized by significant heterogeneity in outcome. The last decades have witnessed a significant interest in identifying factors that can moderate or influence clinical and functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia. One factor of particular interest is neurocognition, as performance on various measures of cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and executive functions, have been consistently related to functional outcome and, to a lesser extent, clinical outcome. This review aims to provide an up-to-date description of recent studies examining the association between neurocognition and clinical and (or) functional outcomes. In the first section, studies examining neurocognitive performance in relation to clinical outcome are examined. When clinical outcome is defined dichotomously (for example, comparing remitted and nonremitted), verbal memory performance consistently exhibits a strong association with clinical status, with the poor outcome group showing the largest deficits. In the second section, studies exploring the relation between neurocognition and various dimensions of functional outcome are reviewed. These dimensions include independent living, social functioning, and vocational functioning, among others. Again, a strong link between neurocognitive deficits and impairments in several aspects of functioning clearly emerges from this review. Finally, several measurement issues are discussed that pertain to the need to standardize definitions of clinical and (or) functional outcomes, the importance of defining cognitive domains consistently across studies, and distinguishing between one's competence to perform tasks and what one actually does in everyday life. Addressing these measurement issues will be key to studies examining the development of effective interventions targeting neurocognitive functions and their impact on clinical and functional outcomes.
Precursor ion damage and angular dependence of single event gate rupture in thin oxides (1998)

No correlation was observed between single-event gate rupture (SEGR) and precursor damage by heavy-ion irradiation for 7-nm thermal and nitrided oxides. Precursor ion damage at biases below SEGR threshold for fluence variations over three orders of magnitude had no significant effect on SEGR thresholds. These data support a true single ion model for SEGR. A physical model based on the concept of a conducting pipe is developed that explains the empirical equation for the linear dependence of inverse critical field to rupture with LET. This model also explains the dependence of critical voltage on angle of incidence. As the oxide thickness approaches the diameter of the conducting pipe, the angular dependence of the critical voltage disappears. A model fit to the data suggests a central core diameter of 6 and 8 nm for conducting pipes induced in MOS oxides by Br and Au ions, respectively. The buildup of precursor ion damage in the oxides depends on ion species and bias during irradiation, but is not consistent with the accumulation of total ionizing dose damage. Some 5-nm oxides exhibited the characteristic high leakage current of SEGR; however, most 5-nm devices showed only soft breakdown during heavy ion exposure with electric fields up to 12 MV/cm.
Joint Optimal Access Point Selection and Channel Assignment in Wireless Networks (2007)

In wireless cellular networks or in other networks with single-hop communication, the fundamental access control problem pertains to access point (AP) selection and channel allocation for each user. For users in the coverage area of one AP, this involves only channel allocation. However, users that belong in the intersection of coverage areas of more than one AP can select the appropriate AP to establish connection and implicitly affect the channel assignment procedure. We address the joint problem of AP selection and channel assignment with the objective to satisfy a given user load vector with the minimum number of channels. Our major finding is that the joint problem reduces to plain channel allocation in a cellular network that emerges from the original one after executing an iterative and provably convergent clique load balancing algorithm. For linear cellular networks, our approach leads to minimum number of required channels to serve a given load vector. For 2D cellular networks, the same approach leads to a heuristic algorithm with a suboptimal solution due to the fact that clique loads cannot be balanced. Numerical results demonstrate the performance benefits of our approach in terms of blocking probability in a dynamic scenario with time-varying number of connection requests. The presented approach constitutes the basis for addressing more composite resource allocation problems in different context.
Psychiatric comorbid patterns in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Treatment effect and subtypes (2019)

Psychiatric comorbidities are common in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of medication and childhood ADHD subtypes on psychiatric comorbidities among adults with ADHD as compared to healthy adult controls. We assessed 121 drug-naïve adults with ADHD, 93 treated adults with ADHD, and 145 healthy controls (age 18-36 years) using semi-structured psychiatric interviews, intelligence tests, and medical records. Drug-naïve adults with ADHD had more comorbidities than treated adults with ADHD and controls. Childhood ADHD-combined subtype, relative to ADHD-inattentive subtype, was associated with higher risks of comorbidities. Current medication treatment was associate with a higher risk for anxiety disorders, and longer treatment duration was associated with lower risks of mood disorders and sleep disorders. Our results indicate that no medication treatment, short treatment duration, and childhood ADHD-combined subtype are associated with increased risks for psychiatric comorbidities among adults with ADHD.
Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of N-formylpeptide and activation peptide from the fifth component of C (C5a) chemoattractant receptors in differentiated HL60 cells (1993)

Attenuation of signaling is a key step in controlling the cytotoxic potential of leukocyte responses to chemotactic factors. Antipeptide antibodies, directed against the N-formyl chemotactic peptide receptor (FPR) and the activation peptide from the fifth component of C (C5a) anaphylatoxin receptor (C5aR) of human neutrophils, were used to analyze the ability of these receptors to be phosphorylated. Our data show that, in granulocyte-like differentiated HL-60 cells, both FPR and C5aR undergo an agonist dose-dependent phosphorylation that reaches completion in less than 2 to 3 min, consistent with the rate and the dose-dependent attenuation of signaling in phagocytes. Therefore, phosphorylation might be one of the possible mechanisms involved in the desensitization process of FPR and C5aR. Addition of either C5a or the protein kinase C activator (PMA) did not appear to induce the phosphorylation of FPR in the absence of FMLP or to modulate the phosphorylation of the latter at low concentrations of agonist. In contrast, although FMLP at a saturating concentration barely stimulated the phosphorylation of unoccupied C5aR, it markedly potentiated C5aR phosphorylation in cells exposed to low concentrations of C5a. Moreover, PMA was able to induce C5aR phosphorylation in the absence of agonist, indicating that protein kinase C or protein kinase C-activated kinase(s) could be involved in the phosphorylation of C5aR. Pretreatment of cells with staurosporine, a potent but nonspecific inhibitor of protein kinase C, resulted in the partial inhibition of both FPR and C5aR phosphorylation induced by saturating concentrations of agonist, suggesting that a kinase different from protein kinase C might be mainly responsible for the phosphorylation of these chemotactic receptors.
Characterization of Graft-Modified Porous Polymer Membranes (1996)

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes were graft modified with acrylic acid by radiation-induced grafting utilizing electron beam. When the grafted membranes were characterized by the measurements of convective permeability, diffusion, and ion exchange properties, the membranes showed properties of variable permeability membranes with respect to the permeability of solvent and the ionic semipermeability. The permeability for the studied membranes (extent of grafting varied from 0 to 93 wt %) can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the permeate. The more grafted the membranes are the greater are the changes in the permeability; e.g., for the extent of grafting of 85 wt % the permeability increases ca. 4 orders of magnitude when the electrolyte concentration is increased from 10 mM to 1 M. The membranes with the extent of grafting of ca. 10 wt % or more appeared to have equal charge density on the pore walls resulting in the same cation transference number.
Verifying process models built using parameterized state machines (2004)

Software process and work flow languages are increasingly used to define loosely-coupled systems of systems. These languages focus on coordination issues such as data flow and control flow among the subsystems and exception handling activities. The resulting systems are often highly concurrent with activities distributed over many computers. Adequately testing these systems is not feasible due to their size, concurrency, and distributed implementation. Furthermore, the concurrent nature of their activities makes it likely that errors related to the order in which activities are interleaved will go undetected during testing. As a result, verification using static analysis seems necessary to increase confidence in the correctness of these systems. In this paper, we describe our experiences applying LTSA to the analysis of software processes written in Little-JIL. A key aspect to the approach taken in this analysis is that the model that is analyzed consists of a reusable portion that defines language semantics and a process-specific portion that uses parameterization and composition of pieces of the reusable portion to capture the semantics of a Little-JIL process. While the reusable portion was constructed by hand, the parameterization and composition required to model a process is automated. Furthermore, the reusable portion of the model encodes the state machines used in the implementation of the Little-JIL interpreter. As a result, analysis is based not just on the intended semantics of the Little-JIL constructs but on their actual execution semantics. This paper describes how Little-JIL processes are translated into models and reports on analysis results, which have uncovered seven errors in the Little-JIL interpreter that were previously unknown as well as an error in a software process that had previously been analyzed with a different approach without finding the error.
A segment-level confidence measure for Spoken Document Retrieval (2011)

This paper presents a semantic confidence measure that aims to predict the relevance of automatic transcripts for a task of Spoken Document Retrieval (SDR). The proposed predicting method relies on the combination of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) confidence measure and a Semantic Compacity Index (SCI), that estimates the relevance of the words considering the semantic context in which they occurred. Experiments are conducted on the French Broadcast news corpus ESTER, by simulating a classical SDR usage scenario : users submit text-queries to a search engine that is expected to return the most relevant documents regarding the query. Results demonstrate the interest of using semantic level in formation to predict the transcription indexability.
Tau filaments in neurodegenerative diseases (2018)

The ordered assembly of Tau protein into abnormal filamentous inclusions is a defining characteristic of many human neurodegenerative diseases. Thirty years ago, we reported that Tau is an integral component of the intraneuronal filaments of Alzheimer's disease. All six brain Tau isoforms make up those filaments. Twenty years ago, we and others showed that mutations in MAPT, the Tau gene, cause familial forms of frontotemporal dementia, thus proving that dysfunction of Tau protein is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and dementia. More recently, we showed that high-resolution structures of Tau filaments from human brain can be determined by electron cryo-microscopy. These filaments may form the seeds that underlie the prion-like properties of aggregated tau.
ExpNet: Landmark-Free, Deep, 3D Facial Expressions (2018)

We describe a deep learning based method for estimating 3D facial expression coefficients. Unlike previous work, our process does not relay on facial landmark detection methods as a proxy step. Recent methods have shown that a CNN can be trained to regress accurate and discriminative 3D morphable model (3DMM) representations, directly from image intensities. By foregoing facial landmark detection, these methods were able to estimate shapes for occluded faces appearing in unprecedented in-the-wild viewing conditions. We build on those methods by showing that facial expressions can also be estimated by a robust, deep, landmark-free approach. Our ExpNet CNN is applied directly to the intensities of a face image and regresses a 29D vector of 3D expression coefficients. We propose a unique method for collecting data to train this network, leveraging on the robustness of deep networks to training label noise. We further offer a novel means of evaluating the accuracy of estimated expression coefficients: by measuring how well they capture facial emotions on the CK+ and EmotiW-17 emotion recognition benchmarks. We show that our ExpNet produces expression coefficients which better discriminate between facial emotions than those obtained using state of the art, facial landmark detection techniques. Moreover, this advantage grows as image scales drop, demonstrating that our ExpNet is more robust to scale changes than landmark detection methods. Finally, at the same level of accuracy, our ExpNet is orders of magnitude faster than its alternatives.
Natural and acquired immunity factors interfering with development during the rapid growth phase of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. (1962)

Twenty-five dogs were used in a vaccination trial against infections of Echinococcus granulosus. Nine of these acted as controls and sixteen were vaccinated with freeze-dried preparations from either tapeworm tissue or scolices of E. granulosus. All were challenged with an aliquot of living scolices and examined at periods up to 49 days after challenge. The results indicate that 0.1 g. of either crude antigen complex did not prevent some worms developing from a subsequent challenge with about 50,000 scolices. However, the number of segments and lengths of the subterminal and terminal segments of E. granulosus were almost always less than those found in controls. A phase of rapid growth of the terminal and subterminal segments was observed in control dogs. This was absent in practically all worms in vaccinated dogs and appears to be essential for egg production.
On Maximizing the Lifetime of Delay-Sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks with Anycast (2008)

Sleep-wake scheduling is an effective mechanism to prolong the lifetime of energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. However, it incurs an additional delay for packet delivery when each node needs to wait for its next-hop relay node to wake up, which could be unacceptable for delay-sensitive applications. Prior work in the literature has proposed to reduce this delay using anycast, where each node opportunistically selects the first neighboring node that wakes up among multiple candidate nodes. In this paper, we study the joint control problem of how to optimally control the sleep-wake schedule, the anycast candidate set of next-hop neighbors, and anycast priorities, to maximize the network lifetime subject to a constraint on the expected end-to-end delay. We provide an efficient solution to this joint control problem. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed solution can substantially outperform prior heuristic solutions in the literature, especially under the practical scenarios where there are obstructions in the coverage area of the wireless sensor network.