gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Three-dimensional spatial distribution patterns of Monochamus alternatus and its natural enemy Dastarcus helophoroides]. (2006)

In 2003 to approximately 2005, the Monochamus alternatus-infected Pinus thunbergii, P. massoniana and P. elliotii in pure and mixed forests were selected as attractants and dissected with one meter section manner, and five aggregation indices were used to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of M. alternatus and its natural enemy Dastarcus helophoroides. The results showed that M. alternatus and D. helophoroides had the horizontal distribution indices of diffused coefficient C > 1, diffused index I delta > 1, Kuno index C(A) > 0, clump intensity index I > 1, and swarm index Iw > 1 in the two stands, suggesting their aggregated horizontal distribution patterns, and except D. helophoroides on the P. massoniana in mixed forest appeared assemble vertical distribution, these two insects all had an even vertical distribution, with their C < 1, I delta < 1, C(A) < 0, Iw < 1, and I < 0. The spatial distribution patterns of M. alternatus and D. helophoroides were consistent, and the latter was spatially following the former.
Chain‐growth condensation polymerization approach to synthesis of well‐defined polybenzoxazole: Importance of higher reactivity of 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid ester compared to 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxybenzoic acid ester (2014)

ABSTRACT Application of chain‐growth condensation polymerization (CGCP) to obtain well‐defined polybenzoxazole (PBO) was examined. CGCP of both phenyl 3‐{(2‐methoxyethoxy)methoxy (MEM‐oxy)}‐4‐(octylamino)benzoate ( 1b ) ( para ‐substituted monomer) and phenyl 4‐MEM‐oxy‐3‐(octylamino)benzoate ( 3b ) ( meta ‐substituted monomer) was examined in the presence of metal disilazide base and phenyl 4‐nitro‐ or methylbenzoate 2 as an initiator. Polymerization of the latter monomer, but not the former, afforded polymer with controlled molecular weight based on the feed ratio of monomer to initiator and with a narrow molecular weight distribution. Accordingly, monomer 3c , in which the octyl group on the amino nitrogen of 3b was replaced with a 4‐(octyloxy)benzyl (OOB) group, was polymerized in the presence of lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), phenyl 4‐methylbenzoate ( 2b ), and LiCl in THF at 0 °C to yield poly 3c with well‐defined molecular weight ( M n = 4520–9080) and low polydispersity ( M w / M n ≤ 1.11). Treatment of poly 3c with trifluoroacetic acid simultaneously removed the MEM and OOB groups, affording poly( o ‐hydroxyamide) (poly 4 ) without scission of the amide linkages. Cyclodehydration of poly 4 proceeded at 350 °C to yield PBO (poly 5 ), which was insoluble in organic solvents and acids. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 1730–1736
Implementation of a Turbo Decoder on a Configurable Computing Platform (1999)

Turbo codes are a new class of codes that can achieve exceptional error performance and energy efficiency at low signal-to-noise ratios. Decoding turbo codes is a complicated procedure that often requires custom hardware if it is to be performed at acceptable speeds. Configurable computing machines are able to provide the performance advantages of custom hardware while maintaining the flexibility of general-purpose microprocessors and DSPs. This thesis presents an implementation of a turbo decoder on an FPGA-based configurable computing platform. Portability and flexibility are emphasized in the implementation so that the decoder can be used as part of a configurable software radio. The system presented performs turbo decoding for a variable block size with a variable number of decoding iterations while using only a single FPGA. When six iterations are performed, the decoder operates at an information bit rate greater than 32 kbps.
In vivo alteration of a mutant human protein using the free thiol cysteamine (1985)

Inborn errors of metabolism in which there is a mutant protein due to a cysteine for arginine substitution may be amenable to treatment with the free thiol cysteamine. Evidence for this derives from patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia, who are homozygous for apolipoprotein E2, which differs in charge and in vitro function based on a single such amino acid substitution. The plasma of a type III hyperlipoproteinemic patient, when made at least 50 microM with respect to cysteamine in vitro, demonstrated a charge shift of the apolipoprotein E isoelectric focusing pattern from the E2 to the normal E3 and E4 positions. Two children treated for cystinosis with cysteamine each exhibited some charge alteration of their apoE3 to a form migrating in the apoE4 position. The use of thiol reagents such as cysteamine to specifically alter selected mutant human proteins, such as antithrombin III Toyama, may be added to our therapeutic armamentarium in the treatment of life-threatening metabolic disorders.
Lovastatin does not correct the accumulation of very long‐chain fatty acids in tissues of adrenoleukodystrophy protein‐deficient mice (2000)

Lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase, normalizes the very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) concentrations in fibroblasts and plasma from patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). The effects of lovastatin on the accumulation of VLCFA in tissues of adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP)-deficient mice were assessed. ALDP-deficient mice were fed chow with 0.01-0.1% lovastatin for 4-8 weeks. The VLCFA concentrations in the plasma, brain, spinal cord, liver and kidneys were measured. Treatment with 0.1% lovastatin significantly reduced body weight and total cholesterol in the plasma of ALDP-deficient mice. Treatment with lovastatin, however, did not correct the accumulation of VLCFA in the plasma or tissues, including the brain and spinal cord. Lovastatin does not affect the accumulation of VLCFA in ALDP-deficient tissues in mice.
Houseplants, Indoor Air Pollutants, and Allergic Reactions (1986)

Attention to ongoing risks of PTSS and FCR in this growing survivor population is warranted to optimize future survivorship care.
<title>Real-Time Image Enhancement Techniques</title> (1976)

Most image enhancement techniques are not suitable for real-time applications. This paper presents two contrast enhancement techniques that can work at TV rates with fairly simple hardware.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Growth Rate-Dependent Control in Enterococcus faecalis: Effects on the Transcriptome and Proteome, and Strong Regulation of Lactate Dehydrogenase (2011)

Enterococcus faecalis V583 was grown in a glucose-limited chemostat at three different growth rates (0.05, 0.15, and 0.4 h⁻¹). The fermentation pattern changed with growth rate, from a mostly homolactic profile at a high growth rate to a fermentation dominated by formate, acetate, and ethanol production at a low growth rate. A number of amino acids were consumed at the lower growth rates but not by fast-growing cells. The change in metabolic profile was caused mainly by decreased flux through lactate dehydrogenase. The transcription of ldh-1, encoding the principal lactate dehydrogenase, showed very strong growth rate dependence and differed by three orders of magnitude between the highest and the lowest growth rates. Despite the increase in ldh-1 transcript, the content of the Ldh-1 protein was the same under all conditions. Using microarrays and quantitative PCR, the levels of 227 gene transcripts were found to be affected by the growth rate, and 56 differentially expressed proteins were found by proteomic analyses. Few genes or proteins showed a growth rate-dependent increase or decrease in expression across the whole range of conditions, and many showed a maximum or minimum at the middle growth rate (i.e., 0.15 h⁻¹). For many gene products, a discrepancy between transcriptomic and proteomic data were seen, indicating posttranscriptional regulation of expression.
Structural Characterization of Crystalline Ternary Inclusion Compounds at the Air−Water Interface (2003)

Crystalline ternary inclusion monolayers consisting of a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded host network of guanidinium (G) ions and organosulfonate (S) amphiphiles, and biphenylalkane guests, can be generated at the air-water interface through synergistic structural enforcement by hydrogen bonding and host-guest packing. Surface pressure-area isotherms of the 4'-hexadecylbiphenyl-4-sulfonate (C16BPS) amphiphile in the presence of G, with or without guest, are characterized by lift-off molecular areas expected for the GS sheet based on single-crystal X-ray structures of homologous bulk crystals. Intercalation of biphenylalkane guests (4-C(n)()H(2)(n)()(+1)-C(6)H(4)-C(6)H(5), n = 1, 4, 6, 10, 16; denoted CnBP) between organosulfonate hydrophobes, which define pocketlike cavities in the GS monolayer host, afford ternary inclusion monolayers with a 1:1 host-guest stoichiometry. These inclusion monolayers are less compressible than the guest-free host, consistent with dense packing of the biphenylalkane moieties of the host and the biphenylalkane guests. The inclusion monolayers are distinguished from the amorphous guest-free host and from selected guanidinium-free mixed monolayers by structural characterization with grazing-angle incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). The GIXD data for the ternary (G)C16BPS:C16BP and (G)C16BPS:C6BP inclusion monolayers obtained upon compression are consistent with a rectangular unit cell. The dimensions of these unit cells and refinement of the GIXD data suggest a "rotated shifted ribbon" GS hydrogen-bonding motif similar to that observed in some bulk GS crystals, including (G)(ethylbiphenylsulfonate). GIXD reveals that (G)C16BPS:C16BP and (G)C16BPS:C6BP are more crystalline than the corresponding guanidinium-free mixed monolayers. The (G)C16BPS:C6BP inclusion monolayer is stable upon compression, even though the alkyl-alkyl host-guest interactions are reduced due to the shorter hexyl substituents of the guest, demonstrating an important reinforcing role for the hydrogen-bonded GS sheet. The structure of a C16BPS:tetracosane (C24) mixed monolayer is independent of G; the unit cell symmetry and dimensions suggest a structure governed by alkyl-alkane interactions that prohibit formation of a GS network. These results illustrate that the existence of ternary inclusion monolayers with an intact GS network requires guest molecules that are structurally homologous with the hydrophobes of the host, in this case biphenylalkanes. The observation of these inclusion compounds suggests an approach for introducing functional nonamphiphilic molecules to an air-water interface through inclusion in a well-defined host.
Using control center technology to solve new utility challenges (1994)

To optimise its diverse resources, Southern Company Services migrated to a distributed client-server architecture, using PCs as clients to prepare data and produce reports and workstations as high-speed servers to store data and perform unit commitment runs. This article discusses this migration project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Screening for Alcoholism by Life-style Risk Assessment in a Community Hospital (1991)

In a community hospital, physicians identified with unusually high frequency (90%) the alcoholics they admitted to a medical-surgical service when life-style risk assessment was performed routinely. Identification rates were retrospectively evaluated based on chart documentation; 100 consecutive admissions receiving assessment interviews were compared with 100 consecutive admissions for a period 6 months later. During the screening period, plans addressing alcohol-related problems routinely appeared in the discharge summaries (71%), referral recommendations were frequently made for residential alcoholism treatment (52%), and intentions were stated to follow-up alcohol abuse problems in the office (43%). Decreases in these rates were observed when life-style risk assessment was not performed. Identification was made in 57% of patients; plans were stated concerning alcohol-related problems in 29%; residential referral was recommended in 5%; and office follow-up was arranged for 24%. The risk assessment program was economical and well received by the patients, the physician staff, and the hospital administration. No specialized program for physician education was utilized.
Hunting Trojan Horses (2006)

HTH (Hunting Trojan Horses) is a security framework developed for detecting difficult types of intrusions. HTH is intended as a complement to anti-virus software in that it targets unknown and zero-day Trojan Horses and Backdoors. In order to accurately identify these types of attacks HTH utilizes runtime information available during execution. The information collected includes fine-grained information flow, program execution flow and resources used.In this paper we present Harrier, an Application Security Monitor at the heart of our HTH framework. Harrier is an efficient run-time monitor that dynamically collects execution-related data. Harrier is capable of collecting information across different abstraction levels including architectural, system and library APIs. To date, Harrier is 3-4 times faster than comparable information flow tracking systems.Using the collected information, Harrier allows for accurate identification of abnormal program behavior. Preliminary results show a good detection rate with a low rate of false positives.
A combined controller design of power system stabilizer and wind turbine drive-train damping filter (2012)

A coordinated power system stabiliser (PSS) design for wind turbine equipped with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented in this paper. It is shown that the proposed control scheme enables the optimal performance for both the wind turbine structural loads damping and the power system damping. The interaction between wind turbine controller and PSS is studied by simulation. A holistic model including both the wind turbine and the electric network dynamics is employed for the assessment of controller performance. The influence of PSS control on wind turbine drive-train and tower are demonstrated. A generic network model is used to test the contribution that wind farm can make to the power system damping. It is shown that wind turbine is capable of providing similar damping response as synchronous generator do with acceptable increase of structural loads.
Unnatural Protein Engineering: Producing Proteins with Unnatural Amino Acids (2005)

Less than a decade ago, the ability to generate proteins with unnatural modifications was a Herculean task available only to specialty labs. Recent advances make it possible to generate reasonable quantities of protein with unnatural amino acids both in vitro and in vivo . The combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis and enzymatic or chemoselective ligation now permits construction of entirely-synthetic proteins as large as 25 kD. Incorporation of recombinant fragments (expressed protein ligation) allows unnatural modifications near protein termini in proteins of virtually any size. Site-specific modification of small quantities of protein at any position can be achieved using chemically-acylated tRNA. Microelectroporation now extends this method to cells like mammalian neurons, and combination with RNAdisplay makes unnatural proteins compatible with combinatorial methods. Widespread or residue-specific methods of amino acid replacement are especially suitable for the production of biomaterials, and bacteria have been engineered to expand the repertoire of amino acids available for this technique. Excitingly, the wholesale addition of engineered tRNAs and synthetases to bacteria and yeast now makes site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids possible in living cells with no chemical intervention. Methods of expanding the genetic code at the nucleic acid level, including 4-base codons and unnatural base pairs, are becoming useful for the addition of multiple amino acids to the genetic code. These recent advances in unnatural protein engineering are reviewed with an eye toward future challenges, including methods of creating nonpeptidic molecules using templated synthesis.
Reactions of Antimicrobial Species to Imidazole-Microwave Plasma Reacted Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces (2004)

Microwave plasma reactions of imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, and 2-ethylimidazole on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces resulted in the formation of species containing conjugated surface domains which can be utilized for further reactions. When imidazole and its derivatives were used, polymerization of imidazole and the formation of C=C and CN conjugated species occurred. However, the extent of reactions for each monomer depends on not only the reaction time but also the molecular structure. For methyl- and ethyl-substituted imidazole, more stable radical species are generated and sustain their excited state in the high-energy plasma environments. Specifically, dehydrogenated 2-methyl, 2-ethylimidazole radicals and (*)N=CR-NH(*) (R = -CH(3), -CH(2)CH(3)) species exhibit higher stability than dehydrogenated imidazole radicals and (*)N=CH-NH(*) species under plasma reaction conditions. Such prepared surfaces are capable of attaching antimicrobial drugs via the Pinner synthesis. These studies show that it is possible to react antimicrobial species such as chloramphenicol, and this promising approach offers numerous applications of microwave plasma reactions in biotechnology. Quantitative analysis of the depth of surface reactions was accomplished by using variable angle ATR FT-IR spectroscopy.
Lipid-containing Anthrax Phage AP 50: Structural Proteins and Life Cycle (1982)

SUMMARY The structural proteins of the purified lipid-containing anthrax phage AP 50 were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nine major structural proteins were found. The pattern of phage DNA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis after its treatment with AsuI restriction endonuclease. The mol. wt. of phage DNA was calculated as 9.0 ± 0.5 × 106. The infection process was followed by thin sectioning and electron microscopy. During infection phage were attached to the cell wall of the host, and the adsorbed phage apparently injected their DNA through an electron microscopically visible channel formed across the cell wall. Maturation of the phage capsid appears to take place within the nuclear region of the cell. Before lysis, intact phage with DNA could be seen first in vesicles at the cell periphery and afterwards between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane. Mature phage were finally released by the rupture of the cell wall.
Digital prefiltering for multiple-input, multiple-output receivers (2002)

The whitened matched filter (WMF) and the finite-length feed-forward filter (FFF) of a minimum mean-squared error decision feedback equalizer are compared for use as digital prefilters in a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) receiver front-end. For systems that are single-input, single-output (SISO), existing literature has shown the FFF approaches the WMF in the limit as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and FFF length go to infinity. In this paper, simulation results are given which show the same appears true in MIMO systems.
A Humanized Leucine Zipper-TRAIL Hybrid Induces Apoptosis of Tumors both In Vitro and In Vivo (2015)

Evidence suggests that stimulating apoptosis in malignant cells without inflicting collateral damage to the host's normal tissues is a promising cancer therapy. Chemo- and radiation therapies that, especially if combined, induce apoptosis in tumor cells have been used for treating cancer patients for decades. These treatments, however, are limited in their ability to discriminate between malignant and non-malignant cells and, therefore, produce substantial healthy tissue damage and subsequent toxic side-effects. In addition, as a result of these therapies, many tumor types acquire an apoptosis-resistant phenotype and become more aggressive and metastatic. Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) has been considered a promising and reliable selective inducer of apoptosis in cancerous cells. TRAIL, however, is not uniformly effective in cancer and multiple cancer cell types are considered resistant to natural TRAIL. To overcome this deficiency of TRAIL, we have earlier constructed a yeast-human hybrid leucine zipper-TRAIL in which the yeast GCN4-pII leucine zipper was fused to human TRAIL (GCN4-TRAIL). This construct exhibited a significantly improved anti-tumor apoptotic activity and safety, but is potentially immunogenic in humans. Here, we report a novel, potent, and fully human ATF7 leucine zipper-TRAIL (ATF7-TRAIL) fusion construct that is expected to have substantially lower immunogenicity. In solution, ATF7-TRAIL exists solely as a trimer with a Tm of 80°C and is active against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, in a mouse tumor xenograft model. Our data suggest that our re-engineered TRAIL is a promising candidate for further evaluation as an antitumor agent.
Molecular Lipids Identify Cardiovascular Risk and Are Efficiently Lowered by Simvastatin and<i>PCSK9</i>Deficiency (2013)

These data suggest that distinct ceramides associate significantly with CAD outcome independently of traditional risk factors and that the mechanism of lipid lowering is important.
Canine and feline immunization guidelines (1989)

This report, prepared by the AVMA Council on Biologic and Therapeutic Agents, summarizes information available on important diseases affecting dogs and cats, and includes recommendations for immunization to control these diseases. The revision was necessary to account for new knowledge and new products. The guidelines are for the usual situation of one or a few animals in a single environment. The veterinarian must use judgement and modify the guidelines for animals with special risks, for example, those in kennels, catteries, and shows. Some of these factors are discussed in the text. The Council recommends only those vaccines licensed by the USDA. Every effort was made to make the guidelines consistent with currently available products. The specific manufacturer's recommendations supplied with the vaccine should be consulted, particularly with new or revised products.
Oil and gas processing products to obtain polymers modified bitumen (2017)

To obtain modified bitumen with excellent adhesive properties, coumarone-indene resin (CIR) was used. However, bitumens modified by CIR have somewhat worse plastic properties. For the improvement of the plastic properties of road bitumen modified by coumarone-indene resin, the paper proposes to use plasticizers. Characterized by a high content of rings (aromatic-naphthenic oils), a range of compounds was used as plasticizers. Of all different plasticizers tested, the tar produced from West-Ukrainian oils has been found to be the most effective one. The optimal ratio between modified bitumen components was determined enabling to obtain the commercial product of polymers modified bitumen of BMP 60/90-52 brand. The complex thermogravimetry and differential-thermal analysis has been used to analyze the initial and modified bitumen. Bitumens modified by CIR have shown by far the highest thermal stability under operation conditions.