gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conserved Mechanism of Conformational Stability and Dynamics in G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (2016)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptors involved in diverse biological functions. Despite the diversity in their amino acid sequences, class A GPCRs exhibit a conserved structural topology and possibly a common mechanism of receptor activation. To understand how this high sequence diversity translates to a conserved functional mechanism, we have compared the dynamic behavior of eight class A GPCRs comprised of six biogenic amine receptors, adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>, and the peptide receptor protease-activated receptor 1. Starting from the crystal structures of the inactive state of these receptors bound to inverse agonists or antagonists, we have performed multiple all-atom MD simulations adding up to several microseconds of simulation. We elucidated the similarities and differences in the dynamic behavior and the conformational ensembles sampled by these eight class A GPCRs. Among the six biogenic amine receptors studied here, β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptor shows the highest level of fluctuation in the sixth and seventh transmembrane helices, possibly explaining its high basal activity. In contrast, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors show the lowest fluctuations as well as tight packing and low hydration of the transmembrane domain. All eight GPCRs show several conserved allosteric communication pipelines from the residues in the agonist binding site with the G-protein interface. Positions of the residues along these pipelines that serve as major hubs of allosteric communication are conserved in their respective structures. These findings have important implications in understanding the dynamics and allosteric mechanism of communication in class A GPCRs and hence are useful for designing conformation-specific drugs.
The intonational structuring of discourse (1986)

We propose a mapping between prosodic phenomena and semantico-pragmatic effects based upon the hypothesis that intonation conveys information about the intentional as well as the attentional structure of discourse. In particular, we discuss how variations in pitch range and choice of accent and tune can help to convey such information as: discourse segmentation and topic structure, appropriate choice of referent, the distinction between 'given' and 'new' information, conceptual contrast or parallelism between mentioned items, and subordination relationships between propositions salient in the discourse. Our goals for this research are practical as well as theoretical. In particular, we are investigating the problem of intonational assignment in synthetic speech.
[Changes of lipid peroxidation in liver fibrogenesis induced by dimethylnitrosamine and drugs' intervention]. (2001)

DMN can cause hepatic lipid peroxidation, which is closely involved in liver fibrogenesis induced by DMN. The effect against hepatic lipid peroxidation is one of the important mechanisms of 319 decoction and IFN-gamma actions against liver fibrosis.
Retrograde Filling of a Thoracic Spinal Artery During Transforaminal Injection (2009)

Retrograde flow into medullary or vertebral arteries without direct cannulation can occur, and provides an alternative mechanism of potential injury to the spinal cord or brain during transforaminal injections.
Should Depressive Syndromes Be Reclassified as “Metabolic Syndrome Type II”? (2007)

A comprehensive management approach for depressive disorders should routinely include opportunistic screening and primary prevention strategies targeting metabolically mediated comorbidity (e.g., cardiovascular disease). Innovative treatments for mood disorders, which primarily target aberrant metabolic networks, may constitute potentially novel, and disease-modifying, treatment avenues.
Weighted autocorrelation-based F0 estimation for distant-talking interaction with a distributed microphone network (2004)

A distant-talking scenario is addressed, where a distributed microphone network provides multi-channel input sequences to process for speaker modeling purposes. Possible related applications are speaker tracking and distant-talking speech recognition, given a noisy and reverberant environment with one or more speakers. The paper investigates on the use of a multi-channel version of a weighted autocorrelation (WAUTOC) based F0 estimation method, with the purpose of deriving a common excitation model. Experiments conducted on a real database show the advantages and the robustness of the proposed method in extracting the fundamental frequency with no regard about the microphone and talker position as well as head orientation.
Growth-regulating Activity of Cinnamamide and Betaine Cinnamamide on Wheat (2015)

A series of Cinnamamide and betaine Cinnamamide developed from the structure of cinnamic acid were synthesized. Different concentrations of Cinnamamide and betaine Cinnamamide were employed to check their effects on seed germination and early growth in wheat. The preliminary results showed that, under the condition of this experiment, target compounds have high activity in promoting seed germination, accelerating the lengths of root and shoot and improving the quality of wheat.
Umsetzung von Olefinen mit Dihalogencarbenen (1971)

Abstract Das aus Chloroform, 50proz. wäßriger Natronlauge und katalytischen Mengen Triäthyl‐benzyl‐ammoniumchlorid erzeugte Dichlorcarben ermöglicht die Herstellung von Dichlor‐cyclopropanen ( 1 – 8 ) auch aus solchen Olefinen, bei denen Kalium‐tert.‐butylat versagt oder mäßige Ausbeuten liefert. Aus Cyclooctatetraen wird neben dem bekannten 10 das Bisaddukt 11 erhalten. Acetylene geben wegen Folgereaktionen geringe Ausbeuten an Cyclopropenonen. Nach demselben Verfahren kann auch Dibromcarben erzeugt werden. Zwei thermische Ringöffnungsreaktionen von Dichlorcyclopropanen werden aufgeklärt.
Development of a man-portable microclimate adsorption cooling device (2002)

This paper describes the development of a passive microclimate adsorption cooling device for the Marine. The system is designed to provide cooling to the individual by chilling water that is being pumped through a liquid cooling garment. The entire system is mounted on a portable backpack frame. The system uses the evaporation and subsequent adsorption of water on a desiccant bed to chill the circulating water being pumped through the garment. Extensive screening and testing of numerous desiccants was performed, which resulted in the selection of calcium oxide as the adsorbent for the vaporized water. A bench-top breadboard system was constructed and tested, with demonstrated cooling rates of up to 200 W for periods in excess of six hours. Further development work involved the performance testing of three different demonstration prototype designs that are fixed to a military backpack frame. These three demonstration prototypes were analyzed for maximizing cooling performance at the lowest possible mass. Finally, second-generation prototypes using the optimum designs were fabricated and tested.
Differential phospholipase C activation by phenylalkylamine serotonin 5‐HT<sub>2A</sub>receptor agonists (2005)

Experiments compared a series of phenethylamine hallucinogens with their phenylisopropylamine analogues for binding affinity and ability to stimulate serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol in cells expressing cloned rat and human 5-HT 2A receptors. The (+/-)phenylisopropylamine analogues had significantly higher intrinsic activities for 5-HT 2A receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol compared to their phenethylamine analogues. With respect to the effects of the stereochemistry of the phenylisopropylamines, those with the (R) absolute configuration at the alpha carbon had higher intrinsic activities for hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol in a cell line expressing the human 5-HT 2A receptor compared to those with the (S) absolute configuration. In virtual docking studies comparing the (R)- and (S)-phenylisopropylamines with their phenethylamine analogues, there were distinct differences in the orientations of key ligand binding domain residues that have been identified as important by previous mutagenesis studies. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that phenylisopropylamines have higher hallucinogenic potency than their phenethylamine analogues primarily because they have higher intrinsic activities at 5-HT 2A receptors. Although virtual ligand binding led to significant perturbations of certain key residues, our results emphasize the conclusion reached by others that overall three-dimensional structural microdomains within the receptor must be considered.
Alloy Development, Processing and Applications in Magnesium Lithium Alloys (2001)

Among the light metal alloys, magnesium is the lightest structural material with a density of 1.74 g/cm3 and many attractive physical and mechanical properties combined with processing advantages. Therefore, it represents a very attractive material for a large amount of applications from main user automotive industry up to other industry fields like sport, robotic and electronic industry. But the usage of magnesium alloys in more complex applications is limited by insufficient properties regarding the ductility, corrosion and creep resistance. Additionally, the high reactivity of magnesium alloys leads to an increased tendency of contamination. In this regard, the paper deals with some general aspects of magnesium alloy development and casting as well as some other production technologies for magnesium alloys with improved properties and for several applications. An emphasis is put on new magnesium-lithium alloy systems with lower density, improved ductility and corrosion resistance. The basic component of metallurgical processing is a magnesium-suitable furnace system which is designed modularly with universal, adaptable components and automatic pressure metering technology. It is used in a wide range of casting processes like chill casting, cold chamber die casting, continuous casting and break-mould casting. Further applications are methods of rapid solidification technology. In the powder metallurgy and spray casting a microstructure with fine and homogeneous phase distribution is generated. Based on the represented processing technology new magnesium alloy systems with lower density, improved ductility and corrosion resistance will be shown. A special peculiarity of magnesium alloys is their application in the medicine sector where they are used as implant materials for surgery.
Latex interpenetrating polymer networks based on acrylic polymers. III. Synthesis variations (1987)

Abstract Two latex interpenetrating polymer networks, one from a supposedly compatible pair and the other from an incompatible pair of polymers, were prepared by two‐stage emulsion polymerization. The synthesis conditions in each case were varied by altering the ratio of the glassy polymer to the rubbery polymer and also by reversing the order of synthesis. Fabricated samples of these latex interpenetrating polymer networks were subjected to hardness, stress‐strain, and dynamic mechanical measurements. Hardness and stress‐strain measurements showed that, although the second formed polymer dominated the final mechanical properties, the compatibilities of the polymer pairs played an important role. Dynamic mechanical analysis for the inverse systems showed evidence of enhanced mixing.
Neuron-Interacting Satellite Glial Cells in Human Trigeminal Ganglia Have an APC Phenotype (2009)

Satellite glial cells (SGC) in sensory ganglia tightly envelop the neuronal cell body to form discrete anatomical units. This type of glial cell is considered neuroectoderm-derived and provides physical support to neuron somata. There are scattered hints in the literature suggesting that SGC have an immune-related function within sensory ganglia. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that SGC are tissue-resident APC. The immune phenotype and function of a large series (n = 40) of human trigeminal ganglia (TG) were assessed by detailed flow cytometry, in situ analyses, and functional in vitro assays. Human TG-resident SGC (TG-SGC) uniformly expressed the common leukocyte marker CD45, albeit at lower levels compared with infiltrating T cells, and the macrophage markers CD14, CD68, and CD11b. In addition, TG-SGC expressed the myeloid dendritic cell (DC) marker CD11c, the T cell costimulatory molecules CD40, CD54, CD80, and CD86 and MHC class II. However, the mature DC marker CD83 was absent on TG-SGC. Functionally, TG-SGC phagocytosed fluorescent bacteria, but were unable to induce an allogeneic MLR. Finally, TG-infiltrating T cells expressed the T cell inhibitory molecules CD94/NKG2A and PD-1, and the interacting TG-SGC expressed the cognate ligands HLA-E and PD-L1, respectively. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that human TG-SGC have a unique leukocyte phenotype, with features of both macrophages and immature myeloid DC, indicating that they have a role as TG-resident APC with potential T cell modulatory properties.
Dual-stage servo with on-slider PZT microactuator for hard disk drives (2002)

A dual-stage servo system with an on-slider piezoelectric (PZT) microactuator is developed for future high-density hard disk drives. The parallel control scheme is used in servo design with considerations over the stroke limitation and the hysteresis of the microactuator. Experimental results on a spin-stand with a laser Doppler vibrometer as the position sensor demonstrate that the system has a servo bandwidth higher than 4 kHz and has disturbance rejection capability up to near 5 kHz.
Project Management in Construction: Software Use and Research Directions (2001)

This paper focuses on future research and the use of project management software in the construction industry. Data are drawn from an empirical study of project management professionals that yielded 240 replies (35% response rate), 42 of which were from the construction industry. Data were collected on: demographics and work environment, project management software usage patterns, analytical technique usage, data management, and suggestions for future research. The results indicate that construction professionals have different characteristics, needs and preferences, as compared to the overall sample. The study shows that construction professionals are more experienced and educated than the respondents in the overall study, they tend to work on fewer projects with larger numbers of activities, and they are more likely to use Primavera (Primavera, Inc., Bala Cynwyd, Pa.) than Microsoft Project (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, Wash.). Construction respondents are heavy users of critical path analysis for planning and control, resource scheduling for planning, and earned value analysis for control. The number of activities in a typical project and the use of software for all active projects were the key determinants of the usage of specific analytical techniques. These factors are also significant determinants of the types of information entered and updated, although the effect is weaker. Although construction professionals are generally satisfied with the quality of schedules produced by the software, they still expressed a clear interest in future research on resource scheduling/leveling in general and a net present value option in particular. To maximize the impact on practice, development of new planning and control methods should include their integration into project management software.
On the reactions between ethyl benzoylacetate and anisidines (1975)

Abstract 4‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐3‐[( m ‐methoxyphenylimino)‐phenylmethyl]‐2‐quinolone ( 6 ) was a by‐product of the condensation of ethyl benzoylacetate and m ‐anisidine; no corresponding products were obtained from p ‐ and o ‐anisidine. From o ‐anisidine, 2‐phenyl‐8‐methoxy‐4‐quinolone ( 1c ) was isolated and characterized; the same reaction also gave 2‐phenyl‐4‐ o ‐anisidyl‐1‐8‐methoxy‐quinoline ( 11 ) and the Schiff base ( 14 ) as by‐products; the crotonamide (15) also isolated, is a possible intermediate of the cyclization. The direct condensation of anisidines with ethyl benzoylacetate in diphenyl ether and the transformations of some intermediates were studied.
Comparison of hand-craft feature based SVM and CNN based deep learning framework for automatic polyp classification (2017)

Colonoscopy is a standard method for screening polyps by highly trained physicians. Miss-detected polyps in colonoscopy are potential risk factor for colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigate an automatic polyp classification framework. We aim to compare two different approaches named hand-craft feature method and convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning method. Combined shape and color features are used for hand craft feature extraction and support vector machine (SVM) method is adopted for classification. For CNN approach, three convolution and pooling based deep learning framework is used for classification purpose. The proposed framework is evaluated using three public polyp databases. From the experimental results, we have shown that the CNN based deep learning framework shows better classification performance than the hand-craft feature based methods. It achieves over 90% of classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision.
Progesterone Receptor Modulator for Emergency Contraception (2006)

I.
3-Cyanocephems and carbon-13 heterocyclic-substituted cephems via 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (1976)

The transformation is described of 3-formylcephem 1 into its oxime, substituted oximes, and substituted hydrazones and, thence, into the 3-cyano, 3-diazomethyl, and 3-oxonitrilomethyl derivatives. These reactive 1,3-dipoles undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with various dipolarophiles to give C-3 heterocyclic-substituted cephems.
A new improved (YbTbBi)/sub 3/Fe/sub 5/O/sub 12/ epitaxial thick film (1988)

The Faraday rotation coefficient of a (YbTbBi)/sub 3/Fe/sub 5/O/sub 12/ thick films grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on a (CaGd)/sub 3/(MgZrGa)/sub 5/O/sub 12/ substrate was found to be -2400 and -1600 deg/cm at lambda =1.31 and 1.55 mu m, respectively. This is believed to be the largest Faraday rotation coefficient exhibited by an LPE-grown thick film of Bi-substituted rare-earth iron garnets for Faraday rotators in practical use. The thickness required to achieve 45 degrees rotation was only 190 mu m for lambda =1.31 mu m and 290 mu m for lambda =1.55 mu m. The film could be successfully grown to about 300 mu m without crack formation. The Faraday rotator using this material has a low insertion loss, 0.3 dB for lambda =1.31 mu m and 0.2 dB for lambda =1.55 mu m, and isolation of about 40 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular switches as photocontrollable “smart” receptors (2012)

This critical review focuses on the development of photochromic compounds as sensors for cations, anions, and biologically important molecules. The review commences with a brief description of photochromism and the strategies to exploit photochromic molecular switches' properties for sensing application. This is followed by a summary of photoswitchable receptors emerged to date and classified according to the photochromic structure they are based on. These include azobenzenes, fulgides, dithienylethenes, dihydroindolizines, chromenes and spiropyrans.
A novel µ‐conopeptide, CnIIIC, exerts potent and preferential inhibition of Na<sub>V</sub>1.2/1.4 channels and blocks neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (2012)

µ-CnIIIC potently blocked VGSCs in skeletal muscle and nerve, and hence is applicable to myorelaxation. Its atypical pharmacological profile suggests some common structural features between VGSCs and nAChR channels.
2D local heart motion estimation using level sets and hierarchical B-splines (2006)

Diagnosing complex heart malformations require the analysis of local heart motion. This paper presents a method for measuring local motion in a sequence of 2D echographic heart images. The heart cavities are segmented using an implicit geometric active contour robust to speckle. A combined rigid and non-rigid image registration method is then used to estimate the motion field. The cavity segmentation is done with our original level set method founded on the coefficient of variation. The curves obtained from two successive images are matched during the registration process to estimate their displacement. The registration process consists of three phases. First, we estimate a linear transform using the ICP algorithm to remove the linear difference between the cavities. The second phase consists of calculating an initial deformation embedding the B-spline transform in the ICP algorithm. Finally, we perform the hierarchical B-spline refinement in regions with unsatisfactory deviations. The result is a dense free form deformation field that is segmented to show the local heart motion. Experimental results using real ultrasound images are shown.
VaMV: variability-aware memory virtualization (2012)

Power consumption variability of both on-chip SRAMs and off-chip DRAMs is expected to continue to increase over the next decades. We opportunistically exploit this variability through a novel Variability-aware Memory Virtualization (VaMV) layer that allows programmers to partition their application's address space (through annotations) into virtual address regions and create mapping policies for each region. Each policy has different requirements (e.g., power, fault-tolerance) and is exploited by our dynamic memory management module (VaMVisor), which adapts to the underlying hardware, prioritizes the memory resources according to their characteristics (e.g., power consumption), and selectively maps data to the best-fitting memory resource (e.g., high-utilization data to low-power memory space). Our experimental results on embedded benchmarks show that VaMV is capable of reducing dynamic power consumption by 63% on average while reducing total execution time by an average of 34% by exploiting: 1) SRAM voltage scaling, 2) DRAM power variability, and 3) Efficient dynamic policy-driven variability-aware memory allocation.
Novel Force Sensing Approach Employing Prismatic-Tip Optical Fiber Inside an Orthoplanar Spring Structure (2012)

This paper presents a novel approach to force sensing by integrating prismatic-tip optical fibers with an orthoplanar spring structure. The complete force sensing solution integrating the prismatic-tip-based sensing concept with an orthoplanar spring mechanism to convert applied forces into a well-delivered displacement whose magnitude can be measured using the optical sensing technique is introduced in this paper. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first time that such a force sensing concept has been proposed and studied. The compact force sensor prototype described in this paper demonstrates its capability and feasibility in performing force measurement over a range of 0-2.8 N. The combination of the novel concepts of prismatic-tip optical fiber sensing and the planar spring minimizes the thickness of the sensing device. Due to its simple sensing structure, the sensor is easy to manufacture and can be miniaturized for applications in dexterous robotic handling and the aerospace industry. The proposed sensor is made of nonmetallic materials and operates without the need of electronics components in the sensing area; thus, the sensor is not susceptible to electric or magnetic fields.