gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COHAB: EU INTERREG Project (2013)

In the summer of 2013, a two week intensive summer school was held in Klaipeda, Lithuania for 16 nursing students from partners in Denmark, Poland and Lithuania. The aim of the summer school was to prepare the students for their participation in a joint semester course held by the three partners. This article gives insight into the background for the summer school and joint course and illuminates some of the benefits and challenges associated with the planning and execution of an international summer school. Results from student and staff evaluations of the summer school are presented. Some of the issues addressed in the article are cross border cooperation staff challenges, the work load - free time balance of the summer school, and the benefits of a summer school as preparation for a longer, student academic cooperation.
Possibilities of Non-Viral Gene Transfer to Improve Cutaneous Wound Healing (2001)

Enhancement of dermal and epidermal regeneration represents a crucial goal for the treatment of acute, e.g. burn and trauma wounds, and chronic wounds, e.g. diabetic, autoimmune, arterial and venous wounds. Studies defining molecular mechanisms of the complex cascade of wound healing have shown that growth factors represent a new therapeutic strategy. The clinical application of growth factors in the form of proteins has been shown to be of little benefit. Therefore new delivery systems and therapeutic strategies needed to be developed to improve dermal and epidermal regeneration, one of which is gene therapy. For successful gene delivery the selection of an appropriate vector has been shown to be paramount. Because Retroviruses, Adenoviruses and Adeno-Associated Viruses can cause immunologic reactions and mutations, non-viral delivery systems for gene therapy, such as liposomal gene transfer appear advantageous over viral gene therapy. This review discusses the success, potential and limitations of non-viral gene transfer to improve regeneration of dermal and epidermal structures.
NMR measurements of in vivo myocardial glycogen metabolism. (1988)

Using 13C and 1H NMR we measured the rate of glycogen synthesis (0.23 +/- 0.10 mumol/min gram wet weight tissue (gww) in rat heart in vivo during an intravenous infusion of D-[1-13C]glucose and insulin. Glycogen was observed within 10 min of starting and increased linearly throughout a 50-min infusion. This compared closely with the average activity of glycogen synthase I (0.22 +/- 0.03 mumol/min gww) measured at physiologic concentrations of UDP-glucose (92 microM) and glucose-6-phosphate (110 microM). When unlabeled glycogen replaced D-[1-13C]glucose in the infusate after 50 min the D-[1-13C]glycogen signal remained stable for another 60 min, indicating that no turnover of the newly synthesized glycogen had occurred. Despite this phosphorylase a activity in heart extracts from rats given a 1 h glucose and insulin infusion (3.8 +/- 2.4 mumol/min gww) greatly exceeded the total synthase activity and if active in vivo should promote glycogenolysis. We conclude that during glucose and insulin infusion in the rat: (a) the absolute rate of myocardial glycogen synthesis can be measured in vivo by NMR; (b) glycogen synthase I can account for the observed rates of heart glycogen synthesis; (c) there is no futile cycling of glucose in and out of heart glycogen; and (d) the activity of phosphorylase a measured in tissue extracts is not reflected in vivo. These studies raise the question whether significant regulation of phosphorylase a activity in vivo is mediated by factors in addition to its phosphorylation state.
Phantom for use in lung biopsy training. (1992)

A phantom to assist in the teaching of fluoroscopically guided transthoracic needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions was designed. The phantom was constructed of an aluminum and rubber skeleton, wood hemidiaphragms and heart, and foam rubber lungs and was covered with foam rubber. Modeling clay was used to simulate lesions. The authors believe the phantom is of value in helping increase the confidence and proficiency of the radiologist during the first few biopsy procedures with an actual patient.
CXXXVI.—The action of fuming nitric acid on the 4-halogeno-2 : 6-dibromo-phenols and -anisoles. Anomalous behaviour of fluorine derivatives (1930)

H. H. Hodgson and J. Nixon, J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 1085 DOI: 10.1039/JR9300001085
C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Plays a Crucial Role in Mediating Oxidative Stress-Induced Podocyte Injury (2016)

In mouse model of adriamycin nephropathy (ADR), CXCR4 expression was significantly induced in podocytes as early as 3 days. This was accompanied by an increased upregulation of oxidative stress in podocyte, as demonstrated by malondialdehyde assay, nitrotyrosine staining and secretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine, and induction of NOX2 and NOX4, major subunits of NADPH oxidase. CXCR4 was also induced in human kidney biopsies with proteinuric kidney diseases and colocalized with advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), an established oxidative stress trigger. Using cultured podocytes and mouse model, we found that AOPPs induced significant loss of podocyte marker Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), nephrin, and podocalyxin, accompanied by upregulation of desmin both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, AOPPs worsened proteinuria and aggravated glomerulosclerosis in ADR. These effects were associated with marked activation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in podocytes. Administration of AMD3100, a specific inhibitor of CXCR4, reduced proteinuria and ameliorated podocyte dysfunction and renal fibrosis triggered by AOPPs in mice. In glomerular miniorgan culture, AOPPs also induced CXCR4 expression and downregulated nephrin and WT1. Innovation and Conclusion: These results suggest that chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a crucial role in mediating oxidative stress-induced podocyte injury, proteinuria, and renal fibrosis. CXCR4 could be a new target for mitigating podocyte injury, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis in proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 345-362.
Systematic Review: Evaluating the Effect of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Lipoprotein and Lipid Values (2013)

Study-level data from this systemic review establish that different lipid lowering agents can lead to discordance between LDL-P and LDL-C, therefore, basing LDL-lowering therapy only on the achievement of cholesterol goals may result in a treatment gap. Therefore, the use of LDL-P for monitoring lipid-lowering therapy, particularly for statins, can provide a more accurate assessment of residual cardiovascular risk.
Cloning and Characterization of the Bovine MHC Class I-Like Fc Receptor, (2000)

In the cow, maternal immunity is exclusively mediated by colostral Igs, but the receptor responsible for the IgG transport has not yet been identified. The role of an IgG-Fc receptor (FcRn) that resembles a class I MHC Ag in transporting IgGs through epithelial cells was recently shown in selected species. We now report the cloning and characterization of the bovine FcRn (bFcRn). The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences show high similarity to the FcRn in other species, and it consists of three extracellular domains, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. Despite the high similarity of the extracellular domains with other species, the bovine cytoplasmic tail is the shortest thus far analyzed. Aligning the known FcRn sequences, we noted that the bovine protein shows a 3-aa deletion compared to the rat and mouse sequences in the alpha1 loop. Furthermore, we found a shorter transcript of the bFcRn reflecting an exon 6-deleted mRNA, which results from an inadequate splice acceptor site in intron 5 and produces a transmembrane-deficient molecule, as was previously demonstrated in the related MHC class I gene family in mouse and humans. The presence of bFcRn transcripts in multiple tissues, including the mammary gland, suggests their involvement both in IgG catabolism and transcytosis.
A K-band high gain, low noise figure LNA using 0.13 μm logic CMOS technology (2015)

A two stage cascode low noise amplifier using tapered inductors with optimized quality factors was designed in a 130 nm logic CMOS process. The K-band (24 GHz-26.5 GHz) LNA consumes 11.25 mW DC power for a supply voltage of 1.5 V, achieves 27.5 dB peak transducer gain and 3.88 dB noise figure (NF) at 25 GHz. S11 and S22 at 25 GHz are -13 dB and -10 dB, respectively. It achieves a minimum NF of 3.5 dB at 24 GHz and within the entire frequency band of interest the NF is less than 5 dB. IIP3 of the LNA is -11 dBm and the LNA including pads occupies an area of 830μm × 800μm.
Permutation complexity of spatiotemporal dynamics (2010)

We call permutation complexity the kind of dynamical complexity captured by any quantity or functional based on order relations, like ordinal patterns and permutation entropies. These mathematical tools have found interesting applications in time series analysis and abstract dynamical systems. In this letter we propose to extend the study of permutation complexity to spatiotemporal systems, by applying some of its tools to a time series obtained by coarse-graining the dynamics and to state vectors at fixed times, considering the latter as sequences. We show that this approach allows to quantify the complexity and to classify different types of dynamics in cellular automata and in coupled map lattices. Furthermore, we show that our analysis can be used to discriminate between different types of spatiotemporal dynamics registered in magnetoencephalograms.
Efficacies of Sodium Hypochlorite and Quaternary Ammonium Sanitizers for Reduction of Norovirus and Selected Bacteria during Ware-Washing Operations (2012)

Cross-contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods with pathogens on contaminated tableware and food preparation utensils is an important factor associated with foodborne illnesses. To prevent this, restaurants and food service establishments are required to achieve a minimum microbial reduction of 5 logs from these surfaces. This study evaluated the sanitization efficacies of ware-washing protocols (manual and mechanical) used in restaurants to clean tableware items. Ceramic plates, drinking glasses and stainless steel forks were used as the food contact surfaces. These were contaminated with cream cheese and reduced-fat milk inoculated with murine norovirus (MNV-1), Escherichia coli K-12 and Listeria innocua. The sanitizing solutions tested were sodium hypochlorite (chlorine), quaternary ammonium (QAC) and tap water (control). During the study, the survivability and response to the experimental conditions of the bacterial species was compared with that of MNV-1. The results showed that current ware-washing protocols used to remove bacteria from tableware items were not sufficient to achieve a 5 log reduction in MNV-1 titer. After washing, a maximum of 3 log reduction in the virus were obtained. It was concluded that MNV-1 appeared to be more resistant to both the washing process and the sanitizers when compared with E. coli K-12 and L. innocua.
Lymphoblastic lymphoma: an immunophenotype study of 26 cases with comparison to T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1986)

A series of 26 lymphoblastic lymphomas (LLs) and 13 T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) were investigated using a battery of monoclonal antibodies applied to tissue frozen sections. Twenty-one of the LLs were of T lineage. All but one of the T cell LLs were of immature thymic phenotype, mostly corresponding to stage II cortical thymocyte development. The T cell LLs expressed Leu-1 in 100%, Leu-4 and Leu-9 in 95%, and Leu-5 in 85% of the cases. The high percentage of Leu-4 expression in this series is probably due to detection of cytoplasmic antigen with our methods. One LL was of pre-B or B cell and two cases were of common ALL phenotype. Two cases were of undefined phenotype, expressing markers of both B and T cell differentiation. Pediatric cases showed a greater tendency toward T cell phenotype than did adult cases. The cases of T cell ALL were immunophenotypically similar to the cases of T cell LL but showed a tendency toward a more immature phenotype.
A Survey on Service-Oriented Network Virtualization Toward Convergence of Networking and Cloud Computing (2012)

The crucial role that networking plays in Cloud computing calls for a holistic vision that allows combined control, management, and optimization of both networking and computing resources in a Cloud environment, which leads to a convergence of networking and Cloud computing. Network virtualization is being adopted in both telecommunications and the Internet as a key attribute for the next generation networking. Virtualization, as a potential enabler of profound changes in both communications and computing domains, is expected to bridge the gap between these two fields. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), when applied in network virtualization, enables a Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) paradigm that may greatly facilitate the convergence of networking and Cloud computing. Recently the application of SOA in network virtualization has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industry. Although numerous relevant research works have been published, they are currently scattered across multiple fields in the literature, including telecommunications, computer networking, Web services, and Cloud computing. In this article we present a comprehensive survey on the latest developments in service-oriented network virtualization for supporting Cloud computing, particularly from a perspective of network and Cloud convergence through NaaS. Specifically, we first introduce the SOA principle and review recent research progress on applying SOA to support network virtualization in both telecommunications and the Internet. Then we present a framework of network-Cloud convergence based on service-oriented network virtualization and give a survey on key technologies for realizing NaaS, mainly focusing on state of the art of network service description, discovery, and composition. We also discuss the challenges brought in by network-Cloud convergence to these technologies and research opportunities available in these areas, with a hope to arouse the research community's interest in this emerging interdisciplinary field.
Service Personnel, Technology, and Their Interaction in Influencing Customer Satisfaction* (2006)

ABSTRACT Managing both the technologies and the personnel needed for providing high‐quality, multichannel customer support creates a complex and persistent operational challenge. Adding to this difficulty, it is still unclear how service personnel and these new communication technologies interact to influence the customer's perceptions of the service being provided. Motivated by both practical importance and inconsistent findings in the academic literature, this exploratory research examines the interaction of media richness, represented by three different technology contexts (telephone, e‐mail, and online chat), with six customer service representative (CSR) characteristics and their influences on customer satisfaction. Using a large‐sample customer survey data set, the article develops a multigroup structural equation model to analyze these interactions. Results suggest that CSR characteristics influence customer service satisfaction similarly across all three technology‐mediated contexts. Of the characteristics studied, service representatives contribute to customer satisfaction more when they exhibit the characteristics of thoroughness, knowledgeableness, and preparedness, regardless of the richness of the medium used. Surprisingly, while three other CSR characteristics studied (courtesy, professionalism, and attentiveness) are traditionally believed to be important in face‐to‐face encounters, they had no significant impact on customer satisfaction in the technology‐mediated contexts studied. Implications for both practitioners and researchers are drawn from the results and future research opportunities are discussed.
The AC Electrical Impedance of a Fractal Boundary to an Electrolytic Solution (1991)

It has been proposed in the literature that a power law relationship between the apparent impedance of a fractal surface and the frequency of the ac current can arise due to the effects of ion transport and conduction in the electrolytic solution bounded by the fractal surface. We show that such a behavior does not arise for a self‐similar fractal surface which is chemically homogeneous.
Montage: A Grid Enabled Image Mosaic Service for the National Virtual Observatory (2004)

The architecture of Montage, which delivers custom science-grade astronomical images, was presented at ADASS XII. That architecture has been tested on 2MASS images computed on single processor Linux machines that hold all image data in memory. This year, we describe the design of a grid-enabled version of Montage, suitable for large scale processing of the sky. It exploits to the maximum the parallelization inherent in the Montage architecture, whereby image reprojections are performed in parallel. All the re-projection jobs can be added to a pool of tasks and performed by as many processors as are available. We show how we can describe the Montage application in terms of an abstract workflow so that a planning tool such as Pegasus can derive an executable workflow that can be run in the Grid environment. The execution of the workflow is performed by the workflow manager DAGMan and the associated Condor-G. The grid processing will support tiling of images to a manageable size when the input images can no longer be held in memory. When fully tested, Montage will ultimately run operationally on the Teragrid. We will present processing metrics and describe how Montage is being used, including its application to science product generation by SIRTF Legacy Program teams and large-scale image processing projects such as Atlasmaker (this conference).
Characteristics for High Efficiency and Wideband Band Pass Filter Using Rectangular Resonator and Step-Impedance-Open-Stubs (2009)

본 논문에서는 구형 공진기와 SIOS(Step-Impedance-Open-Stub)를 사용하여 삽입 손실이 적고, 차단 특성이 아주 좁고, 광대역 특성을 갖는 대역 통과 필터를 연구하였다. SIOS는 일반 <TEX>$0.25\;{\lambda}$</TEX> 개방 스터브보다 약 30 %의 길이를 줄일 수 있고, 또한, SIOS의 길이에 따라 임피던스 값을 조정함으로써 필터의 특성 개선에 적용할 수 있다. 본 논문의 객관성을 입증하기 위해서 이중 모드 구형 공진기를 사용한 최적화된 광대역 대역 통과 필터를 구현하였다. 전송 선로 모델을 사용하여 계산한 주파수 특성 결과는 실험값과 아주 잘 일치하였다. 본 논문에서 구현된 필터의 주파수 특성은 필터의 3 dB 대역폭은 51.75 %(3.206 GHz)이고, 삽입 손실은 0.44 dB, 30 dB 차단 특성은 저 주파수 대역에서 221 MHz(<TEX>$4.326{\sim}4.587\;GHz$</TEX>), 고주파수 대역에서 181 MHz(<TEX>$7.739{\sim}7.954\;GHz$</TEX>)이다. 최대 차단 특성은 저주파 대역에서 -61.8 dB, 고주파 대역에서 -76.3 dB이다. This paper presents a compact, low insertion loss, sharp rejection and wide band microstrip band pass filter that is composed rectangular loop resonator and Step-Impedance-Open-Stub(SIOS). The SIOS can be reduce length about 30 % more than general 0.25 <TEX>$\lambda$</TEX> open stub. And the stub can the advantage of tuning impedance magnitude. In order to demonstrate agrement of this paper prove, the optimized wide band pass filters are realized and experimented. A transmission line model used to calculate the frequency response of the new filters shows good agreement with measurements. The filter has 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 51.75 %(3.206 GHz), an insertion loss of better than 0.44 dB from 4.587 GHz to 7.793 GHz, and two rejection of greater than 30 dB within 221 MHz(<TEX>$4.326{\sim}4.587\;GHz$</TEX>) at low frequency band, 181 MHz(<TEX>$7.739{\sim}7.954\;GHz$</TEX>) at high frequency band. Maximum rejection characteristics of the filter are -61.8 dB at low frequency and -76.3 dB at high frequency.
Motion compensation for Compressive Sensing SAR imaging with autofocus (2011)

The high resolution required by various modes of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) results in a huge amount of sampling data, which brings a demand for bigger storage. Recently, a novel SAR concept based on Compressive Sensing (CS) theory asserts that an unknown sparse signal can be recovered exactly with an overwhelming probability even from what appear to be highly sub-Nyquist-rate samples. In this paper, the phase errors caused by radar platform motion are discussed for CS based SAR imaging, and autofocus processing is employed to implement motion compensation. The experiment results show that unfocused SAR images through CS recovery are different from conventional unfocused SAR images for the same motion caused phase error, and usually used Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA) algorithm is still effective to CS based SAR motion compensation.
Impressive Fatigue Life and Fracture Toughness Improvements in Graphene Oxide/Epoxy Composites (2011)

Epoxy systems have proven popular having important applications in aerospace and wind energy, but fracture and fatigue resistance of this polymer remain less than desired. Graphene oxide, a form of atomically thin carbon, possessing impressive multifunctional properties and an ideal interface for interacting with polymer matrices, has emerged as a viable reinforcement candidate. In this work, we report enhancements of 28–111% in mode I fracture toughness and up to 1580% in uniaxial tensile fatigue life through the addition of small amounts (≤1 wt %) of graphene oxide to an epoxy system. Graphene oxide was uniquely synthesized by unraveling and splaying open helical-ribbon carbon nanofibers. The resulting oxygenated basal planes and edges of the graphene oxide sheets were observed to promote onset of the cross-linking reaction and led to an increase in total heat of reaction effecting slightly higher glass transition temperatures of the cured composites. Measured improvements were also detected in quasi-static tensile and flexural stiffness and strength. The addition of only 0.1 wt % graphene oxide yielded a ∼12% increase in tensile modulus. At 1 wt %, flexural stiffness and strength were 12 and 23% greater than the unmodified epoxy. Sheets were observed to be well-dispersed and at various orientations within the matrix, enabling their large, 2D, and zero bulk dimensions to pin incipient matrix cracks, a toughening mechanism not typically detected in nanocomposites.
Quantitative phase microscopy through differential interference imaging (2008)

An extension of Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy enables isotropic linear phase imaging through the combination of phase shifting, two directions of shear, and Fourier space integration using a modified spiral phase transform. We apply this method to simulated and experimentally acquired images of partially absorptive test objects. A direct comparison of the computationally determined phase to the true object phase demonstrates the capabilities of the method. Simulation results predict and confirm results obtained from experimentally acquired images.
Haptic Simulation of Linear Elastic Media with Fluid Inclusions (2005)

We present a fast technique for simulating fluid-filled elastic objects with the Finite Element Method. By simulating the presence of fluid with hydrostatic fluid pressure, a quasi-static simulation of fluid can be achieved by applying a force boundary condition to the nodes on the fluid-elastic interface. Using a proportional feedback control algorithm, a relationship between the volume and pressure of the fluid structure can be maintained. Optimal parameters for the control algorithm are found by determining the response of the of the elastic system to changes in pressure. This approach has been shown to agree with experimental deformation data taken from a fluid-filled gelatin phantom. Combining linear FEM methods with matrix condensation techniques and the tuned proportional feedback control allows for the simulation of a fluid-filled elastic object at real time haptic update rates.