gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical assessment of qualitative diagnostic calibration for respiratory inductive plethysmography (2001)

We present a critical assessment of qualitative diagnostic calibration (QDC), which claims to provide a relative calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography during natural breathing (Sackner MA, Watson H, Belsito AS, Feinerman D, Suarez M, Gonzalez G, Bizousky F, and Krieger B. J Appl Physiol 66: 410-420, 1989). QDC computes the calibration factor (K) by considering breaths of constant tidal volume (VT) and provides a criterion to select breaths when VT is unknown. We applied QDC on uncalibrated data constructed from simulated sets of thoracic and abdominal volumes, with a predefined K. As expected, QDC yields a correct K when applied to breaths at constant VT. In breathing at quasi-constant VT, the criterion for breath selection is shown to bias the results toward K = 1. For spontaneous breathing, the calculated K deviates from its predefined value and depends heavily on the selection criterion. We conclude that QDC will only provide a correct calibration factor when applied to an entire set of breaths with constant or quasi-constant VT. More generally, physiological conclusions based on QDC should be critically evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
A Data Mining Approach for Transformer Failure Rate Modeling Based on Daily Oil Chromatographic Data (2020)

Evaluating the real-time failure rate of transformers can effectively guide the planning of maintenance and reduce their failure risk. This paper proposed a novel transformer failure rate model that considers the impact of maintenance based on daily oil chromatographic monitoring data mining. Firstly, to ensure the quality of the modeling data, an improved k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to repair the missing monitoring data. The repaired data is then mapped to the equivalent state duration (ESD) by the M-BPNN proposed, which is used to modify the multistate Markov process of transformers so as to quantify the impact of maintenance on failure rate. Considering the changing characteristics of the dissolved gases' content in the short period, the ESD is further merged in sequential periods to obtain the merged equivalent state duration (MESD). Finally, an analytical function of the transformer failure rate with respect to the MESD is obtained. Case studies on a typical substation demonstrate that the proposed approach has the ability to characterize the impact of maintenance and the actual failure rate, thereby improving the accuracy of the substation reliability assessment.
C<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>7</sub>, and C<sub>8</sub> Perfluoroalkyl-Substituted Phosphinic Acids (2000)

Reaction of red phosphorus with RfI in a 1:2 molar ratio at 230 degrees C led to the formation of a mixture of (Rf)2PI and (Rf)PI2 (Rf = C6F13, C7F15, C8F17) in about a 70:30 ratio, respectively. These mixtures were separated by vacuum distillation. (Rf)2PI (Rf = C6F13, C7F15) are yellow liquids whereas (C8F17)2PI is a yellow solid. Oxidation of (Rf)2PI with excess NO2 led to (Rf)2P(O)OH (Rf = C6F13, C7F15, C8F17) in > 90% isolated yields after aqueous hydrolysis of the anhydride intermediates. These highly fluorinated phosphinic acids are white solids with sharp melting points and are highly soluble in methyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane. However, solubility in chloroform and methylene dichloride is low. These perfluoroalkylphosphinic acids were characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 19F, and 31P), and mass spectra and elemental analysis.
Improved biocompatibility of novel poly(L-lactic acid)/&szlig;-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by an organic solvent-free method (2011)

A porous poly(L-lactic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLLA/β-TCP) composite scaffold was fabricated using a novel technique comprising powder mixing, compression molding, low-temperature treatment, and particulate leaching without any organic solvent. The effect of this scaffold on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation was evaluated in vitro. The fabricated scaffold had a homogeneously interconnected porous structure with a porosity of 70% and compressive strength of 1.35 MPa. The methylthiazol tetrazolium values and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts seeded on the solvent-free scaffold were significant higher than those of the control. Using real-time PCR, gene expressions of ALP, osteocalcin, and type 1 collagen were shown to be upregulated. As the method does not use any organic solvent, it eliminates problems associated with organic solvent residue and therefore improves the cell compatibility. It has a promising potential for the preparation of porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
[Study of hydroscopicity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch]. (2007)

The sduty can solve the problem of mositure absorption and agglomeration in production.
Transducers for Producing Ultrasonic Waves (1953)

After a short description of mechanical transducers such as the siren in air and the Pohlman Whistle in liquids, some fundamentals of electromechanical transducers using electric and magnetic fields are given, and magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers for the irradiation of liquids which are available on the market are mentioned. In the second part transducers made of barium titanate (“ceramic transducers”) are described. Polycrystalline ceramic material can be shaped and thereafter polarized in such a way as to produce convergent waves, with the possibility of focusing ultrasonic energy and thus creating zones of extremely high ultrasonic intensities. Electrical and acoustic data on spherical ceramic transducers are given. Fair agreement is found between O'Neil's theory of spherical transducers and measurements of the pressure distribution in a sound field along the central axis in front of the transducer. The diagram of motional impedance for a 400 kc spherical bowl and power limitations of ceramic transducers are discussed. Finally, a tubular ceramic transducer is described which seems to offer good possibilities for efficient treatment of large liquid volumes in a continuous flow process.
Tumor growth and angiogenesis is impaired in CIB1 knockout mice (2010)

These findings suggest that, in addition to its other functions, CIB1 plays a critical role in facilitating tumor growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Plasma Osteopontin Increases After Bariatric Surgery and Correlates with Markers of Bone Turnover But Not with Insulin Resistance (2008)

One year after RYGB and LAGB, plasma OPN levels significantly increased and correlated with biomarkers of bone turnover. Unlike other proinflammatory cytokines, OPN does not normalize but increases further after bariatric surgery.
Strain-driven light-polarization switching in deep ultraviolet nitride emitters (2011)

Residual strain plays a critical role in determining the crystalline quality of nitride epitaxial layers and in modifying their band structure; this often leads to several interesting physical phenomena. It is found, for example, that compressive strain in Al${}_{x}$Ga${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$N layers grown on Al${}_{y}$Ga${}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}$N ($x$ $y$) templates results in an anticrossing of the valence bands at considerably much higher Al composition than expected. This happens even in the presence of large and negative crystal field splitting energy in the Al${}_{x}$Ga${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$N layers. A judicious magnitude of the compressive strain can support vertical light emission (out of the c-plane) from Al${}_{x}$Ga${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$N quantum wells up to $x$ \ensuremath{\approx} 0.80, which is desirable for the development of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes designed to operate at or below 250 nm with transverse electric polarization characteristics.
Analysis and optimization of optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (2002)

Optical parametric amplification can give particularly high values for gain, gain bandwidth, energy, efficiency, and wave-front quality. In combination with chirped pulse amplification, in a technique we call optical parametric chirped pulse amplification, it offers the prospect of generating peak powers up to 100 PW and intensities greater than 1024 W/cm2 with existing technology. Here we study the technique in detail using both analytical and computational techniques, and the limit of validity of the analytical approach is identified. The effects of spectral phase, energy extraction, signal pulse chirp, and pump pulse nonuniformity are analyzed, and optimization techniques are proposed and discussed.
Calculation of the threshold and of the efficiency of conversion by stimulated scattering in an amplifying medium (1985)

A calculation is made of the steady-state threshold of stimulated scattering in the forward and backward directions in a medium characterized by linear amplification. A numerical investigation is made of the steady-state stimulated scattering in the forward and backward directions under saturation conditions and a comparison of the two sets of results is made.
Address predictive color quantization image compression for multimedia applications (2002)

Most modem workstations and personal computers are using 8-bit color mapped graphics architecture for displaying color images. To display a decompressed color image of the conventional DCT-based compression algorithms on these palette-based display systems, the decoded image must first be color quantized. To avoid the computational intensive color quantization process and provide a fast decoding process, new address predictive color quantization image compression schemes for multimedia applications are proposed in this paper. A closest pairs color palette ordering technique is also proposed for effectively exploited the redundancy of the palettized image. Computer simulation results are given to show the performance of the new compression algorithms in terms of bit rate and signal to noise ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simplified Analogues of Immucillin-G Retain Potent Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitory Activity (2006)

A set of deazaguanine derivatives 1−3 targeting human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (hPNP) have been designed and synthesized. The new compounds are characterized by the presence of a structurally simplified “azasugar” motif to be more easily accessible by chemical synthesis than previous inhibitors. In the enzymatic assays, some of the new derivatives proved to be able to inhibit hPNP at low nanomolar concentration, thereby showing the same inhibitory potency in vitro as immucillin-H (IMH). Molecular docking experiments revealed a binding mode to hPNP essentially identical to that of IMH. As a result, the lower in vivo activity exhibited by 1d, compared with that exhibited by IMH, might be ascribed to differences in the pharmacokinetic, rather than pharmacodynamic, profile between these compounds. Derivatives 1a, 1d, and 2c emerged as the most active compounds within this new set and may represent interesting leads in the search for novel hPNP inhibitors.
Enhanced Thermostability of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Rubisco Activase Improves Photosynthesis and Growth Rates under Moderate Heat Stress (2007)

Plant photosynthesis declines when the temperature exceeds its optimum range. Recent evidence indicates that the reduction in photosynthesis is linked to ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) deactivation due to the inhibition of Rubisco activase (RCA) under moderately elevated temperatures. To test the hypothesis that thermostable RCA can improve photosynthesis under elevated temperatures, we used gene shuffling technology to generate several Arabidopsis thaliana RCA1 (short isoform) variants exhibiting improved thermostability. Wild-type RCA1 and selected thermostable RCA1 variants were introduced into an Arabidopsis RCA deletion (Deltarca) line. In a long-term growth test at either constant 26 degrees C or daily 4-h 30 degrees C exposure, the transgenic lines with the thermostable RCA1 variants exhibited higher photosynthetic rates, improved development patterns, higher biomass, and increased seed yields compared with the lines expressing wild-type RCA1 and a slight improvement compared with untransformed Arabidopsis plants. These results provide clear evidence that RCA is a major limiting factor in plant photosynthesis under moderately elevated temperatures and a potential target for genetic manipulation to improve crop plants productivity under heat stress conditions.
Uncalibrated Visual-Servoing of a Dual-Arm Robot for MIS Suturing (2006)

In minimally invasive surgery small incisions are made in a patient's body. Long thin instruments and an imaging endoscope are inserted through the openings and a surgeon manipulates the tools using visual feedback from the endoscope. The difficulties of performing such surgery are outlined e.g. due to lack of dexterity the motions required can place tremendous strain on a surgeon's joints. This work looks at some of the issues involved in using visual-servoing to tie surgical knots with two robots. The constraints of the insertion points are managed through joint redundancy. The practical configuration of the robots is described. The effects of uncertainty of camera positioning and mounting of the surgical instrumentation by busy medical professionals, who are interested in clinical utility and whether they can see the operating area, are removed through uncalibrated servoing and a kinematic model of the robots. A novel encoder on the tools is used to determine the angle of tool orientation which is critical for aligning the jaws of the tool with the thread and body structures. A visual Jacobian is used to create the desired motions and control the redundant joints. A partial knot-tying algorithm is introduced which is based on an analysis of manual knot tying. Practical results of simulated intracorporeal knot tying are then given
Method for the determinination of the statistical values of observations concerning quantities subject to irregular fluctuations (1987)

Albert Einstein introduces the concepts of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions and proves that automatic instruments can be devised for their experimental determination. However, the main point of the paper is that he introduces the concept of a power spectrum (without the use of this term, which - like "correlation function" and "stationary"- do not appear until much later) and elucidates its physical meaning. He also indicates two possible ways of calculating such spectra from experimental data. The stress Einstein laid on the importance of the spectrum of power (of "intensity," as he called it) of fluctuating time series F(t) shows a striking physical intuition since no applications existed for this concept in 1914.
On the design of optimal state-space realizations of second-order digital filters (1984)

Simple design equations are derived for optimal (minimum roundoff noise) state-space realizations of second-order digital filter sections with complex poles. These relations permit easy computation of filter coefficients and unit noise gain directly from the filter transfer function. New parameters are identified that are easily computed from the transfer function, are invariant under certain frequency-scaling transformations, and which can be used to simply describe all of the design variables of optimal second-order filters, including state covariance matrix, unit noise matrix and second-order modes. The design relations are illustrated by computing the unit noise gains and eigenvalue sensitivities of optimal parallel realizations of Chebyshev lowpass filters.
Antenna weight verification for closed-loop downlink eigenbeamforming (2003)

Adaptive antennas at the base stations have a big potential to increase downlink capacity and coverage in WCDMA systems. One of the most promising techniques of adaptive antenna control is closed-loop transmit diversity. This method achieves beamforming gain as well as diversity gain by feedback of downlink fast fading characteristics from mobile station to base station. Due to the limited feedback rate, typically the best antenna weight vector chosen from a restricted set is reported. If this feedback is subject to transmission errors, two performance degrading effects occur: a suboptimal weight vector is used and channel estimation errors take place at the mobile station. The latter effect arises because the mobile station derives the channel estimate for the dedicated channel from the reported weight vector and the channel estimate per antenna based on the common pilot channel. In effect, feedback errors severely distort this estimate and lead to an error floor effect. However, channel estimation can also be based on the pilot symbols in the dedicated channel itself. This estimate has high variance, but is not distorted by feedback errors. If both estimates are combined in a process called antenna weight verification, performance can be dramatically increased. Within this paper an antenna weight verification scheme for eigenbeamformer is presented, which maximizes the estimation accuracy and eliminates the error floor. This is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and link-level simulations. It is shown that this antenna weight verification reduces the performance degradation to 0.2 dB at 1% frame error rate.
A multipoint communication service for interactive applications (1991)

The multipoint communication layer (MCL) is a generic multipoint communication service designed to support highly interactive multimedia conferencing applications. It supports full-duplex multipoint communication between an arbitrary number of connected locations over a variety of networks. MCL design was driven by the demanding real-time multipoint communication requirements of MICA (multimedia interactive conferencing application). The authors establish the context for MCL by considering MICA's communication requirements and reviewing related work in the area of multipoint communication. They present the overall design of the MCL service and describe its communication primitives, protocol message structures, and implementation. Comparison is made with alternative strategies and the use of MCL services for other applications is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF PHENANTHRENE AND ANTHRACENE IN THERMAL HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGENOLYSIS (1973)

Abstract Durch thermisches Hochdruckhydrocracken von Phenanthren (I) bei 475 ‐ 495°C und 80 at Wasserstoff erhält man überwiegend das Tetrahydrophenanthren (II) und 9,10‐Dihydrophenanthren (III).
Irinotecan Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin Is Not Superior to Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin Alone As Adjuvant Treatment for Stage III Colon Cancer: Results of CALGB 89803 (2007)

The addition of CPT-11 to weekly bolus FU plus LV did not result in improvement in DFS or OS in stage III disease, but did increase both lethal and nonlethal toxicity. This trial demonstrates that advances in the treatment of metastatic disease do not necessarily translate into advances in adjuvant treatment, and it reinforces the need for randomized controlled adjuvant studies.
Magnetovolume Contribution to the Temperature Variation of the Magneto-Resistivity in Fe–Ni Invar Alloys (1977)

Measurements have been made of the magneto-resistivity and the temperature coefficient of the electrical resistivity in the Fe–Ni alloys containing 33∼42 at%Ni over the temperature range between 77 K and the Curie temperature. On the basis of the analysis inclusive of the forced volume magnetostriction, it becomes evident that the magneto-resistivity in the 42 at%Ni alloy is well explained in terms of the spin disorder scattering, while in the 33∼40 at%Ni the magnetovolume effect considerably contributes. This concentration dependence may be understood by assuming an additional contribution to the conduction electron scattering due to local spin disordered states in the alloys below 40 at%Ni as well as the normal spin disorder scattering. Furthermore, the spontaneous volume strain contribution is indicated to be required for understanding of the temperature coefficient of the resistivity.
Optimizing the Performance Evaluation of Robotic Arms with the Aid of Particle Swarm Optimization (2012)

In this modern world, robotic evaluation plays a most important role. In secure distance, this leads the humans to execute insecure task. To acquire an effective result, the system which makes the human task easier should be taken care of and the holdup behind the system should be eradicated. Only static parameters are considered and such parameters are not enough to obtain optimized value in existing work. For consecutively attaining optimized value in our previous work, we focused on both static and dynamic parameters in the robotic arm gearbox model. Now, a genetic algorithm is utilized and the result obtained is greater than the existing work. On the other hand, to attain an effective result the genetic algorithm itself is not enough since it takes massive time for computation process and the result obtained in this computation is not as much closer to the true value. By eliminating all those aforementioned issues, a proper algorithm needs to be utilized in order to achieve an efficient result than the existing and our previous works. In this paper, we anticipated to suggest a Particle Swarm Optimization technique that reduce the computation time as well as make the output result as much closer to the true value (i.e.,) experimentally obtained value.
Separation of Reaction Product and Palladium Catalyst after a Heck Coupling Reaction by means of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (2011)

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is a recently commercialized technology, which we have used to develop a method for the separation of a target product and the Pd catalyst from a Heck coupling postreaction mixture. The experimental setup included commercially available polyimide copolymer membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values in the range of 150-300 Da, acetone as the solvent, and a working pressure (N(2)) of 3 MPa. The investigation of the membranes revealed that a membrane with a MWCO of 200 Da provided quantitative retention of the Pd catalyst and quantitative recovery of the target product by means of a cross-flow dia-nanofiltration procedure.
Aliphatische Flüssigkristalle, 2. Einige nematische Derivate des all‐<i>trans</i>‐Perhydrophenanthrens (1985)

Abstract Die stereoselektive Synthese der all‐ trans ‐7‐Alkylperhydro‐2‐phenanthrenole 15a – f in 11 Stufen und 28 flüssigkristalline Ester 16 von 15a – f werden beschrieben, daneben einige weitere Derivate der 7‐Alkylperhydro‐2‐phenanthrenole. Vom Ester 16ec wurde eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse durchgeführt.
Multi-order-residual (MOR) video coding: framework, analysis, and performance (2010)

A novel multi-order-residual (MOR) coding approach is proposed for high-bit-rate video compression in this work. We show that a significant amount of short and medium-range correlations due to the use of a fine quantization parameter cannot be easily removed by the well known motion compensated prediction process in the high-bit- rate coding scenario. Consequently, the video coding performance degrades rapidly as quality increases. To address this issue, we propose a Multi-Order-Residual (MOR) coding scheme that encodes prediction residuals in multiple stages according to their correlation characteristics. Then, we adopt different compensation and coding schemes in different stages. Experimental results are given to show the proposed MOR scheme outperforms H.264/AVC by a significant margin.