gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methanogenic population dynamics during start-up of anaerobic digesters treating municipal solid waste and biosolids (1998)

An aggressive start-up strategy was used to initiate codigestion in two anaerobic, continuously mixed bench-top reactors at mesophilic (37 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) conditions. The digesters were inoculated with mesophilic anaerobic sewage sludge and cattle manure and were fed a mixture of simulated municipal solid waste and biosolids in proportions that reflect U.S. production rates. The design organic loading rate was 3.1 kg volatile solids/m3/day and the retention time was 20 days. Ribosomal RNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were used to determine the methanogenic community structure in the inocula and the digesters. Chemical analyses were performed to evaluate digester performance. The aggressive start-up strategy was successful for the thermophilic reactor, despite the use of a mesophilic inoculum. After a short start-up period (20 days), stable performance was observed with high gas production rates (1.52 m3/m3/day), high levels of methane in the biogas (59%), and substantial volatile solids (54%) and cellulose (58%) removals. In contrast, the mesophilic digester did not respond favorably to the start-up method. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids increased dramatically and pH control was difficult. After several weeks of operation, the mesophilic digester became more stable, but propionate levels remained very high. Methanogenic population dynamics correlated well with performance measures. Large fluctuations were observed in methanogenic population levels during the start-up period as volatile fatty acids accumulated and were subsequently consumed. Methanosaeta species were the most abundant methanogens in the inoculum, but their levels decreased rapidly as acetate built up. The increase in acetate levels was paralleled by an increase in Methanosarcina species abundance (up to 11.6 and 4.8% of total ribosomal RNA consisted of Methanosarcina species ribosomal RNA in mesophilic and thermophilic digesters, respectively). Methanobacteriaceae were the most abundant hydrogenotrophic methanogens in both digesters, but their levels were higher in the thermophilic digester.
UVB phototherapy of atopic dermatitis (1988)

UVB phototherapy of atopic dermatitis was investigated in two paired-comparison studies. In study I, 17 patients were treated for 8 weeks with ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) on one half of the body and with visible light (placebo) on the other. A severity score based on eight clinical variables was determined before, during and after treatment. The total score, pruritus score and overall evaluation score were significantly better on the UVB treated sides than on the placebo treated sides (P less than 0.001). In 13 patients the UVB treated side healed or improved considerably, while the placebo treated side improved considerably in one patient only. In study II, 25 patients were treated for 8 weeks with 0.8 of the minimal erythema dose (MED) of UVB on one half of the body and with 0.4 MED UVB on the other. No statistically significant differences between these dosage regimens were found.
An Assumption of Wearing Calculation with the Miner Fatigue Accumulate Theory (2009)

This paper finds the similarity between the fatigue strength calculation and the IBM wearing calculation method. The Miner Fatigue Accumulate Theory of the unsteady loading has been applied into the calculation of the wearing of the unsteady loading, and further more, has been applied into the case when the load variations are continuous. Aims and objectives: We can make use of the Miner Fatigue Accumulate Theory both for the unsteady fatigue wear as well as unsteady fatigue load.
[The penetration of various adhesives into early enamel lesions in vitro]. (2005)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the penetration depth (PD) and the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer (OIL) of a fissure sealant (Helioseal, Vivadent) and various adhesives (Heliobond, Excite, Vivadent; Resulcin, Merz; Solobond M, Voco; Prompt L-Pop, 3M-Espe) applied to enamel lesions in vitro. From 27 bovine teeth 54 enamel specimens were prepared and covered with nail varnish (control) thus obtaining three windows for treatment. After demineralisation (pH 5.0, 14 d) two of the windows were etched with phosphoric acid (20%, 5 s), whereas the third area served as control. The specimens were divided randomly into six groups (n = 9) and the respective adhesive was applied (90 s), either once or twice. Light-curing followed each application. Enamel slabs (perpendicular to the surface) were cut and studied after infiltration with a fluorescent low-viscous resin using confocal microscopy (CLSM). The image of the lesion was divided into two areas with different grey values. Lesion depths were calculated (ImageJ) from the surface to that point in the lesion where the grey value clearly changed to a darker grey value. The zone with the darker grey values marked the front of demineralisation. Mean lesion depths (+/- SD) after demineralisation were measured at 105 (+/- 21) microm. After single application, Resulcin [89 (+/- 22)%] and Helioseal [98 (+/- 6)%] had almost completely penetrated the lesion. Heliobond [126 (+/- 33)%] and Excite [184 (+/- 40)%] penetrated even deeper than the defined lesion. For Excite double application decreased the OIL significantly (p = 0.03; adjusted paired t-test). Adhesives are capable to penetrate artificial initial enamel lesions completely. Follow-up studies are needed to confirm this effect for natural lesions.
Distribution and Optical Purity of Methamphetamine Found in Toxic Concentration in a Civil Aviation Accident Pilot Fatality (2004)

Toxicological evaluation of postmortem samples collected from a pilot involved in a unique fatal civil aircraft accident is described in this paper. A one-occupant airplane was substantially damaged upon colliding with terrain in poor visibility. Remains of the pilot were found outside the aircraft. Pathological examination revealed multiple blunt force injuries and vascular congestion. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay disclosed 8.0 microg/mL amphetamines in urine. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses determined the presence of methamphetamine (1.13 microg/mL in blood and 59.2 microg/mL in urine) and amphetamine (0.022 microg/mL in blood and 1.50 microg/mL in urine). Methamphetamine was distributed throughout the body, including the brain. The amount of methamphetamine in gastric contents was 575-fold higher than that of amphetamine. The (+)- and (-)-forms of methamphetamine were present in equal proportions in gastric contents. The methamphetamine concentration found in blood was in the range sufficient to produce toxic effects, causing performance impairment.
Analysis of Pressure Data From Vertically Fractured Injection Wells (1981)

Abstract This study investigates the flowing and shut-in pressure behavior of a fractured well located in a square drainage region with the outer boundary at a constant pressure. The fracture plane lies on one of the diagonals of the square. The report shows how to analyze pressure data for a five-spot pattern when the fracture orientation is most favorable (from the viewpoint of sweep efficiency). Comparisons are made with studies in the literature that assume an unfavorable fracture orientation. Fracture orientation must be considered in the analysis of pressure data for the following conditions: (1) small fracture-penetration ratios, (2) large flowing times prior to shut-in, and (3) large values of fracture flow capacity. Insights into the application of type-curve analysis to estimate drainage volumes are presented. Claims in the literature regarding the determination of the drainage volume by type-curve matching appear to be unrealistic.
Linear and non-linear Thomson-scattering x-ray sources driven by conventionally and laser plasma accelerated electrons (2009)

Compact tuneable sources of ultrashort hard x-ray pulses can be realized by Thomson scattering, taking advantage of the comparatively short wavelength of a scattered laser pulse with respect to the period length of conventional undulators. Here, we present a detailed analysis and optimization of the efficiency of linear and non-linear Thomson scattering when the process is driven with relativistic laser pulses and when the conventional accelerator is replaced by a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator.
WDRPUH, A Novel WD-Repeat—Containing Protein, Is Highly Expressed in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Involved in Cell Proliferation (2005)

In an attempt to disclose mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and discover novel target molecules for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), we previously analyzed expression profiles of HCC tissues by means of human cDNA microarray. Among the genes upregulated in tumor tissues compared with their nontumor counterparts, we focused on a novel gene, termed WDRPUH, and characterized its biologic function. WDRPUH encodes a predicted 620-amino acid protein containing 11 highly conserved WD40-repeat domains. Multiple-tissue Northern blot analysis revealed its specific expression in the testis among 16 normal tissues examined. Transfection of plasmids designed to express WDRPUH-specific siRNA significantly reduced its expression in HCC cells and resulted in growth suppression of transfected cells. Interestingly, we found that WDRPUH associated with HSP70, proteins of the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT1) complex, as well as BRCA2. These findings have disclosed a novel insight into hepatocarcinogenesis and suggested that WDRPUH may be a molecular target for the development of new strategies to treat HCCs.
Use of Novel Hydrofluorocarbon and Iodofluorocarbon Chemistries for a High Aspect Ratio Via Etch in a High Density Plasma Etch Tool (1998)

This paper presents the results of an effort to test several novel chemistries for use as replacements for perfluoro‐compounds in dielectric etch processes. Chemistries belonging to the hydrofluorocarbon and iodofluorocarbon families, namely, 2H‐heptafluoropropane , iodotrifluoromethane , 1‐iodoheptafluoropropane , and 2‐iodoheptafluoropropane , were tested in an Applied Materials Centura 5300 HDP etch tool, using a high aspect ratio silicon dioxide via etch application as the test vehicle. Designed experiment methodology was used in the evaluation. Effluent was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. The performance of the alternative etchants in a high aspect ratio via etch process was compared to that of a standard chemistry on the Centura 5300 etch tool. Significant reductions in global warming emissions, relative to a perfluorinated baseline process, were found to be attainable with the alternative chemistries.
Antibody‐Dependent Cell‐Mediated Cytotoxicity to Gliadin‐Coated Cells with Sera from Children with Coeliac Disease (1998)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been suggested as a contributing immunological mechanism in the disease process of coeliac disease. In the present study, sera from coeliac children were examined for their capacity to mediate ADCC against gliadin-coated target cells. The ADCC-mediating efficacy of sera were tested using monocytes from healthy adults as effector cells and gliadin-coated erythrocytes from the same donor as targets. Using monocytes as effector cells, sera from children with active coeliac disease (untreated or challenged), demonstrated significantly higher ADCC-mediating capacity than sera from healthy and disease references as well as children with treated coeliac disease. A positive correlation was found between the ADCC-mediating capacity and serum IgG as well as IgA anti-gliadin antibody levels. The results suggest that an antibody-dependent monocyte/macrophage-induced cytotoxic reaction might be involved in the disease process of coeliac disease.
Antennas for Base Stations in Wireless Communications (2009)

Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Antennas Chapter 2. Base Station Antennas for Mobile Radio Systems Chapter 3. Antennas for Mobile Communications: CDMA, GSM, and WCDMA Chapter 4. Advanced Antennas for Radio Base Stations Chapter 5. Antennas Issues and Technologies for Enhancing System Capacity Chapter 6. New Unidirectional Antennas for Various Wireless Base Stations Chapter 7. Antennas for WLAN (WiFi) Applications Chapter 8. Antennas for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Applications: RFID/UWB Positioning Index
Expression and regulation of neuron-specific enolase (1995)

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isoform of the glycolytic enzyme enolase which is expressed specifically in neurons and neuroendocrine cells in the mammalian nervous system. Its onset of expression coincides with neuronal differentiation and it has therefore become established as a marker of mature, postmitotic neurons (Zomzely-Neurath, 1983). The molecular basis of neuron- specific gene expression is still poorly understood (Twyman and Jones, 1995b) and the panneuronal NSE gene thus represents an excellent model for the investigation of mechanisms responsible for neuronal gene regulation.\nRecently, the proximal 1.8 kbp of 5' flanking sequence from the rat NSE gene was shown to confer neuron-specific and panneuronal expression upon a heterologous gene in transgenic mice (Forss-Petter et al., 1990). This suggested that the sequence probably contained neuron-specific cis-acting elements which could be investigated using a deletion-reporter strategy in cultured cells and transgenic mice. The 1.8 kbp flanking sequence has also been shown to respond to NGF and retinoic acid in parallel with the endogenous gene (Alouani et al., 1993).\n\nIn this project, the 1.8 kbp 5' flanking sequence was dissected, and various truncated derivatives were compared to the full length construct in cultured cells of neuronal and nonneuronal origin. It was shown that 255 bp of 5' flanking sequence was capable of conferring full cell type-specific regulation upon a heterologous gene, indicating the presence of neuronal c/s-acting elements within 255 bp of the transcriptional start site. Further transfection experiments, concentrating on this short proximal fragment, showed that elements responsible for neuron-specific gene expression were present in this region and in vitro analysis identified at least one specific DNA-protein interaction. Preliminary analysis of NSE gene regulation was also carried out in transgenic mice. These experiments, taken together with previous studies, showed that the level of transgene expression was variable and subject to both position and gene dosage effects. It was concluded that further analysis should be carried out in transgenic lines, preferably utilising flanking boundary elements which would protect the NSE transgenes from the position effects (to which they were highly susceptible). The impact of the transfection and transgenic experiments was discussed with respect to the published literature and ideas for future experiments were suggested.\n
Edge-based best-first chart parsing (1998)

Best-first probabilistic chart parsing attempts to parse efficiently by working on edges that are judged &quot;best&quot; by some probabilistic figure of merit (FOM). Recent work has used probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) to assign probabilities to constituents, and to use these probabilities as the starting point for the FOM. This paper extends this approach to using a probabilistic FOM to judge edges (incomplete constituents), thereby giving a much finergrained control over parsing effort. We show how this can be accomplished in a particularly simple way using the common idea of binarizing the PCFG. The results obtained are about a factor of twenty improvement over the best prior results --- that is, our parser achieves equivalent results using one twentieth the number of edges. Furthermore we show that this improvement is obtained with parsing precision and recall levels superior to those achieved by exhaustive parsing. 1 Introduction Finding one (or all) parses for a sentence ac...
Thioredoxin reductase and cancer cell growth inhibition by organotellurium antioxidants (2003)

Thioredoxin (Trx) expression is increased in several human primary cancers and the Trx/Trx reductase (TrxR) system therefore provides an attractive target for cancer drug development. Novel organotellurium antioxidants, especially a primitive analog of vitamin E (compound 1d) and compounds 7, 9 and 10--all carrying highly functionalized 4-(dialkylamino)phenyltelluro groups to secure high antioxidative capacity--were found to inhibit TrxR with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Whereas antioxidant 1d also inhibited the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture at a similar level (IC50 = 1.8 microM), the other TrxR inhibitors were inactive in concentrations below about 10 M.
Identificació i control d`una planta dissenyada per validar el control repetitiu (2005)

L’objectiu principal d’aquest treball es l’implementacio d’un sistema de control
basat en la Teoria de Control Repetitiu que permeti resoldre el problema del rebuig
de pertorbacions periodiques de frequencia constant.
El projecte compren tambe la determinacio del model d’una planta
d’experimentacio ja existent, que ha de servir com a plataforma per a la validacio
dels resultats teorics obtinguts en aquest treball.
Conducting filament of the programmed metal electrode amorphous silicon antifuse (2002)

Antifuses in PROM and FPGA applications have used silicon and/or polycrystalline silicon electrodes. Metal electrode antifuses have the lowest resistance and lowest capacitance among programmable interconnect structures. The ViaLink, a metal electrode amorphous silicon antifuse, has been used as a programmable interconnect device for a FPGA. This paper describes for the first time, the composition, structure, electrical characteristics, and temperature dependence of the conducting filament in the programmed TiW electrode amorphous silicon antifuse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-temperature anodic bonding using thin films of lithium-niobate-phosphate glass (2014)

This paper reports on the investigation of a low-temperature anodic bonding process with layers of a lithium-niobate-phosphate glass on chip level. The glass layers are deposited by means of rf sputtering. The applied glass is characterised by its high ion conductivity, enabling anodic bonding at room temperature. Results of the optimisation process concerning the intrinsic stress of the glass layers and the thermal exposure of the substrates through the deposition process are presented. The stoichiometry of the glass layers is verified through Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The bonding strength is measured by tensile tests. Microfabricated atomic vapour cells are used for hermeticity tests of the bonding by absorption measurements of the caesium D1 line.
The classification of new serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from poultry flocks in Britain between 1981 and 1983 (1984)

Between 1981 and 1983 10 isolations of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus were made from broiler chickens with respiratory infection and five from breeder chickens showing aberrant egg production. One isolate was serologically similar to an IB virus isolated in England in 1976; the remainder were related to three of the four serotypes of IB virus first isolated in The Netherlands (Davelaar et al., 1981). Neutralising antibody to each of the four Dutch serotypes of IB virus was widespread in the sera of commercial chickens in England, Wales and Scotland. Their possible role as causal agents of disease in the flocks from which they were isolated is discussed.
Reliability Of Maximal Strength Testing In Novice Weightlifters (2009)

The one repetition maximum (1RM) is a criterion measure of muscle strength. However, the reliability of 1RM testing in novice subjects has received little attention. Understanding this information is crucial to accurately interpret changes in muscle strength. PURPOSE: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of a squat (SQ), heel raise (HR), and deadlift (DL) 1RM in novice subjects. METHODS: Twenty healthy males (31±5 y, 179.1±6.1 cm, 81.4±10.6 kg) with no weight training experience in the previous six months participated in four 1RM testing sessions, with each session separated by 5-7 days. SQ and HR 1RM were conducted using a smith machine; DL 1RM was assessed using free weights. Session 1 was considered a familiarization and was not included in the statistical analyses. Repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to detect between-session differences in 1RM (p≤0.05). Test-retest reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: During Session 2, the SQ and DL 1RM (SQ: 90.2±4.3, DL: 75.9±3.3 kg) were less than Session 3 (SQ: 95.3±4.1, DL: 81.5±3.5 kg) and Session 4 (SQ: 96.6±4.0, DL: 82.4±3.9 kg), but there were no differences between Session 3 and Session 4. HR 1RM measured during Session 2 (150.1±3.7 kg) and Session 3 (152.5±3.9 kg) were not different from one another, but both were less than Session 4 (157.5±3.8 kg). The reliability (ICC) of 1RM measures for Sessions 2-4 were 0.88, 0.83, and 0.87, for SQ, HR, and DL, respectively. When considering only Sessions 3 and 4, the reliability was 0.93, 0.91, and 0.86 for SQ, HR, and DL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: One familiarization session and 2 test sessions (for SQ and DL) were required to obtain excellent reliability (ICC ≥ 0.90) in 1RM values with novice subjects. We were unable to attain this level of reliability following 3 HR testing sessions; additional sessions are required to obtain an ICC of ≥0.90. Resistive exercise training studies should consider the reliability of specific measures to ensure that reported strength changes are attributable to training and not to learning effects associated with 1RM testing.
Efficient Amidation from Carboxylic Acids and Azides via Selenocarboxylates:  Application to the Coupling of Amino Acids and Peptides with Azides (2007)

A facile one-pot procedure for the coupling of carboxylic acid and azide via selenocarboxylate and selenatriazoline has been developed and successfully applied to the coupling of amino acids and peptides with azides. Selenocarboxylates are readily prepared by the reaction of the activated carboxylic acids with LiAlHSeH under mild conditions. The selenocarboxylates formed in situ are used to react directly with azides to form the corresponding amides via a selenatriazoline intermediate. Excellent yields were obtained for electron-deficient azides, and moderate to good yields were obtained for electron-rich azides. The selenocarboxylate/azide amidation reaction is clean and chemoselective. It provides an attractive alternative method to the conventional acylation of amines when an amide bond needs to be formed without going through an amine intermediate.
Micromethods for the study of proteins and antibodies. III. Procedures and applications of hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition reactions with bis-diazotized benzidine and protein-conjugated red blood cells. (1955)

Summary The procedures for and applications of the hemagglutination and inhibition reactions with bis-diazotized benzidine-protein conjugated cells have been described. These include special features which influence their applicability, the relative sensitivity of the tannic acid, BDB, and Coombs9 methods, and recently discovered general applications. The latter include the estimation of concentrations of proteins in complex mixtures in tissue extracts and serum and the precise measurement of proteins by conversion of hemagglutination to a hemolytic reaction. It was concluded that for most purposes the hemagglutination reaction with tannic acidprotein cells was preferable to that with BDB cells. The major exception was that of systems in which the tannic acid method yielded non-specifically agglutinable cells.