gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure Identifiers and Initial Credential Bootstrapping for IoT@Work (2012)

Internet of Things is gaining momentum in industrial automation environments. The objectives of the EU project IoT@Work are to transfer Internet of Things approaches to industrial automation environments and to develop mechanisms and protocols to enable plug & work of devices. Identification of things or devices as part of a network, service, or application in a secure manner is one of the most important requirements for reliable operation. In this paper we present the requirements to secure identifiers and propose an approach suitable in industrial automation. As secure identifiers rely on cryptographic credentials, we compare different approaches to initially bootstrap these credentials and analyse applicability in Internet of Things scenarios.
Properties of Individual Dopant Atoms in Single‐Layer MoS<sub>2</sub>: Atomic Structure, Migration, and Enhanced Reactivity (2014)

Single-layered MoS2 doped with Re (n-type) and Au (p-type) are investigated by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy. Re atoms substituting Mo sites enhance the local chemical affinity, evidenced by agglomeration of other dopant/impurity atoms. Au atoms exist as adatoms and show larger mobility under the electron beam. These behaviors are consistent with density functional theory calculations. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Association between polymorphisms in dopamine metabolic enzymes and tobacco consumption in smokers. (2000)

Central dopaminergic reward pathways give rise to dependence and are activated by nicotine. Allelic variants in genes involved in dopamine metabolism may therefore influence the amount of tobacco consumed by smokers. We developed assays for polymorphisms in dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). We then typed 225 cigarette smokers to assess whether genotype was related to the number of cigarettes smoked a day. Smokers with DBH 1368 GG genotype smoked fewer cigarettes than those with GA/AA [mean difference -2.9 cigarettes, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.5, -0.4; P = 0.022]. The effect reached statistical significance in women (-3.8, 95% CI -6.4, -1.0, P = 0.007) but not in men (-1.5, 95% CI -6.0, 3.0, P = 0.498). Overall, the effect was greater when analysis was confined to Caucasians (-3.8, 95% CI -6.6, -1.1, P = 0.007). Smokers with MAO-A 1460 TT/TO smoked more cigarettes than those with CC/CT/CO (2.9, 95% CI 0.6, 5.1, P = 0.013). Within each sex group, the trend was similar but not statistically significant (difference for men 2.9, 95% CI -1.0, 6.7; for women 2.0, 95% CI -0.7, 4.8). The effect of the allele was greater in smokers with a high body mass index (> 26) (difference 5.1, 95% CI 1.4, 8.8, P = 0.008). More heavy smokers (> 20 a day) had the DBH 1368A allele when compared to light smokers (< 10 a day). (Relative risk 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 5.0, P = 0.024.) The trend for increasing prevalence of the DBH A allele in heavy smokers was greater when analysis was restricted to Caucasians (relative risk 3.2, 95% CI 1.3, 8.2, P = 0.004). Conversely, heavy smokers were less likely to have the MAO-A 1460C allele (relative risk 0.3, 95% CI 0.1, 0.7, P = 0.012). Variations in DBH and MAO predict whether a person is a heavy smoker and how many cigarettes they consume. Our results support the view that these enzymes help to determine a smoker's requirement for nicotine and may explain why some people are predisposed to tobacco addiction and why some find it very difficult to stop smoking. This finding has important implications for smoking prevention and offers potential for developing patient-specific therapy for smoking cessation.
Bayesian inference of hemodynamic changes in functional arterial spin labeling data (2006)

The study of brain function using MRI relies on acquisition techniques that are sensitive to different aspects of the hemodynamic response contiguous to areas of neuronal activity. For this purpose different contrasts such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI techniques have been developed to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation, respectively. Analysis of such data typically proceeds by separate, linear modeling of the appropriate CBF or BOLD time courses. In this work an approach is developed that provides simultaneous inference on hemodynamic changes via a nonlinear physiological model of ASL data acquired at multiple echo times. Importantly, this includes a significant contribution by changes in the static magnetization, M, to the ASL signal. Inference is carried out in a Bayesian framework. This is able to extract, from dual-echo ASL data, probabilistic estimates of percentage changes of CBF, R(2) (*), and the static magnetization, M. This approach provides increased sensitivity in inferring CBF changes and reduced contamination in inferring BOLD changes when compared with general linear model approaches on single-echo ASL data. We also consider how the static magnetization, M, might be related to changes in CBV by assuming the same mechanism for water exchange as in vascular space occupancy.
Method for catalytic dehalogenations via trialkyltin hydrides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethod for catalytic dehalogenations via trialkyltin hydridesE. J. Corey and J. William SuggsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 17, 2554–2555Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00905a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00905a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1392Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Machine condition and dynamic diagnostics via acoustic emission (1999)

As a result of separate developments, acoustic emission (AE) is now being increasingly used as a means of monitoring the mechanical health of industrial machinery. In this role an AE sensor is responsive to the transient release of energy from impacts and microscopic events associated with rubbing. These energy release mechanisms give rise to broadband elastic waves ranging from DC strain through vibration frequencies to those at ultrasonic frequencies most frequently referred to as AE. This paper compares AE and vibration monitoring, and discusses typical ways in which AE is applied to condition monitoring. (4 pages)
Chemical Reactivity Assessment Using Reactive Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: The Katritzky Reaction (2013)

Paper spray ionization can be used to study organic reactions in solution under ambient conditions by utilizing the rate acceleration that occurs in reactions in small volumes of solution. In this novel approach to performing reactions, reagents are transferred onto a triangular paper surface by drop-casting and charged droplets of the reaction product mixture are released by field evaporation and examined online by mass spectrometry. The increase in the rate of product formation is attributed to solvent evaporation, which increases reagent concentrations, changes the pH, and enhances intermolecular interactions. As a proof of principle, the Katritzky reaction between a pyrylium salt and mono- or diamines, including substituted anilines, was investigated. The influence of electronic and steric effects was evaluated straightforwardly. The carbon chain length of α,ω-diamines was found to control the formation of mono- versus disubstituted products, thus reflecting the strong destabilizing coulombic effects in the shorter carbon-chain systems. Information on the mechanism was provided by the observation of 2H-pyran intermediates and mixed pyridinium-2H-pyran ions. The rates of product formation in the base-assisted Katritzky reaction increase linearly from 0.1 to 10 equivalents of triethylamine. The reactive paper spray technique, owing to its speed and information content, has potential pedagogical value and provides a tool to explore organic reactions and correlate experimental results with current mechanistic understanding.
A Comparative Study of Water Uptake By and Transport Through Ionomeric Fuel Cell Membranes (1993)

Water uptake and transport parameters measured at 30°C for several available perfluorosulfonic acid membranes are compared. The water sorption characteristics, diffusion coefficient of water, electroosmotic drag, and protonic conductivity were determined for Nafion® 117, Membrane C, and Dow XUS 13204.10 developmental fuel cell membrane. The diffusion coefficient and conductivity of each of these membranes were determined as functions of membrane water content. Experimental determination of transport parameters, enables us to compare membranes without the skewing effects of extensive features such as membrane thickness which contributes in a nonlinear fashion to performance in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
A Randomized, Clinical Trial Comparing Oral Celecoxib 200 mg, Celecoxib 400 mg, and Ibuprofen 600 mg for Acute Pain (2003)

Abstract Objective: Celecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor used to treat pain. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacies of celecoxib and ibuprofen for the treatment of acute pain. The null hypothesis was that no difference between celecoxib and ibuprofen exists. Methods: The study was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial. After consent, patients rated their pain on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) and categorical intensity pain scale. Patients were then randomized to receive 200‐mg or 400‐mg celecoxib or 600‐mg ibuprofen (all orally). Patients were contacted 5 hours after receiving study medication when a second VAS score was recorded, along with categorical pain intensity, pain relief score, side effects, and number of rescue medications taken. The main outcome measures were change in visual analog pain and categorical pain intensity scores, and pain relief scores, at five hours. Results: One hundred ten patients were evaluated and 105 were enrolled. Thirty‐four received celecoxib 200 mg, 32 received celecoxib 400 mg, and 39 received ibuprofen 600 mg. Ninety‐one were available for the five‐hour VAS and 88 for the five‐hour categorical pain intensity and pain relief analysis: The two patients who were unable to read a VAS were excluded, and two enrolled patients withdrew prior to medication. One patient was excluded because his injury was a fracture, and therefore did not meet the inclusion criteria. There was no statistical difference among the treatment groups in age, time from injury to medication, initial VAS score, percent lost to follow‐up, or treatment with adjunctive therapy. There was no statistical difference in change of VAS among the groups at five hours: ibuprofen 600 mg (‐23.8 mm [95% CI = ‐31.56 mm to ‐16.1 mm] [n = 32]), celecoxib 200 mg (‐16.1 mm [95% CI = ‐24.3 mm to ‐7.98 mm] [n = 31]), and celecoxib 400 mg (‐12.4 mm [95% CI = ‐23.1 mm to ‐1.8 mm] [n = 30]) (p = 0.16). There was no significant difference between the groups, at five hours, in change of categorical pain intensity (p = 0.11) or pain relief scores (p = 0.059), though the pain relief scale approached significance favoring ibuprofen. Conclusions: No significant difference exists among emergency department (ED) patients treated for acute pain, at five hours, with celecoxib 200 mg, celecoxib 400 mg, or ibuprofen 600 mg, though the power of the study to detect a change was low, 36%. However, the magnitude of pain relief for celecoxib, coupled with the cost of the medication, questions its use in the immediate ED setting.
THE POTENTIAL OF A WET PROCESS FOR FLUE GAS SIMULTANEOUS DESULFURIZATION AND DENITRIFICATION (1985)

The economic and technical aspects of wet flue gas simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification systems are presented so that their practicality for utilization by utility industry can be assessed.The emphasis is on systems based on the employment of ferrous chelates to promote the solubility of NO and the reactivity of NO with S02 in scrubbing liquors.The kinetic measurements are demonstrated.The kinetic data are presented.Analytical techniques we developed for characterizing reaction intermediates and products are described.Alternative approaches and novel ideas that could develop into a more efficient and cost-effective scrubber system employing metal chelate additives are discussed .
Fluorine Route Synthesis of Montmorillonites Containing Mg or Zn and Characterization by XRD, Thermal Analysis, MAS NMR, and EXAFS Spectroscopy (2001)

EXAFS spectroscopy, combined with X-ray powder diffraction, chemical and thermal analysis, scanning electronic microscopy, 29Si, 27Al, and 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy, are used in the structural analysis of montmorillonites, synthesised in an acidic fluoride medium. Hydrothermal synthesis performed under mild conditions (493 K, autogenous pressure) enables the formation of montmorillonite clays, containing Al and Zn or Mg in the octahedral sheet. It is shown that montmorillonites can only be synthesized in a narrow range of compositions. An accurate value of the Al for Si substitution rate in the tetrahedral sheet is determined by using 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy performed under definite conditions. Some interatomic distances are determined by EXAFS spectroscopy (RMg−O = 2.11 Å, RZn−O = 2.08 Å, RZn−Al = 2.98 Å, RZn−Zn = 3.11 Å) which reveals strong local distortions in the octahedral sheet with respect to the ideal montmorillonite structure. Lengthening of the out-of-plane Zn−Si(Al) distances also shows the swelling of the whole layer in the neighbourhood of Zn. Moreover, the combination of EXAFS and 19F MAS NMR spectroscopic data reveals a clustering of the divalent elements of the octahedral sheet, which is related to a possible local trioctahedral character of these materials.
A Synthetic Approach to Methoxydepsidan. III (1955)

Attempt was made to carry out the decomposition of the diazonium salts of 2-aminodiphenyl ether-2′-carboxylic acid (IX) and its methyl ester (IV) to obtain the corresponding 2-hydroxy derivatives. However, the amino acid ester (IV) easily underwent cyclization with even diluted mineral acids, such as a 1% solution, not to say conc. mineral acids, to form the corresponding lactam (V) at an ordinary temperature and it was found difficult to obtain the aqueous solution of its diazonium salt. The free amino acid (IX) also possessed some tendency to form the lactam but it was possible to obtain the aqueous solution of its diazonium salt. Therefore, 2-amino-diphenyl ether-2′-carboxylic acid (IX) was derived to its diazonium salt and its decomposition products were examined in detail. It was thereby found that, although the objective 2-hydroxy compound was not obtained, salicylic acid was obtained in 4.2% yield against the starting material indicating the fact that during the decomposition of the diazonium salt, severance of the ether-bonding oxygen, forming the diphenyl ether, had taken place.
[Vaccines against parasitic diseases of domestic animals]. (1996)

This review presents short information on the present status and some future perspectives of vaccination against parasitoses of domestic animals. For the control of such parasitoses in some European countries only a few vaccines are registered: Paracox and Livacox (for coccidiosis in chickens), Toxovax (for toxoplasmosis in sheep), Pirodog (for babesiosis in dogs) and Dictol (for dictyocaulosis in cattle). These are live vaccines containing attenuated parasites, except Pirodog. As a world-wide innovation in 1994 a vaccine against ixodid tick infestation (Boophilus microplus) in cattle was marketed in Australia under the trade name TickGARD which contains a recombinant protein antigen. A recombinant vaccine against Taenia ovis cysticercosis in sheep was developed in Australia/New Zealand but has not yet been registered. The development of vaccines against further parasitoses of domestic animals is a fascinating and promising field. Present research activities are focussed on molecular antigen vaccines and vector vaccines. First reports (for example regarding leishmaniosis and malaria) indicate that nucleic acid vaccines represent a new potential of development.
Wanting to Soldier: Enlistment Motivations of Army Reserve Recruits Before and After Operation Desert Storm (1993)

Recently, the news media have been critical of military recruitment advertising for its purported emphasis on money for education, civilian job/career development, and personal growth and for its deemphasis of the potential for mobilization and deployment. To examine the implications of these asser- tions, we studied new Army Reserve entrants both before and after Operation Desert Storm (ODs). Specifically, our purposes were (a) to summarize enlistment motivations of new recruits; (b) to identify subpopulations that joined the Army Reserve for specific motivations and variations of those motivations; and (c) to examine the relationships between enlistment motiva- tions, expectations for mobilization, and willingness to report for mobiliza- tion. The study employed two samples of nonprior service, junior-ranking enlistees who had served 1 year or less in the unit. One sample was drawn in 1990 before ODs (n = 1,059) and the other was drawn in 1991 following ODs (n = 757). Both samples were part of a larger probability sample of reservists. Enlistment motivations both before and after ODs were best explained (in order of variance accounted for in factor analyses) by the following factors: Wanting to Experience the Military, Personal Development, Pay/Benefits, and Job/Career Development. Wanting to Experience the Military accounted for more variance after ODs than before, whereas the variance attributable to Personal Development decreased across the two time periods. After ODS, there was a notable absence of college students who joined due to the first three factors. In addition, junior enlistees who joined for Pay/Benefits after ODs were more likely to be married, of a lower educational level, and not attending high school than those who joined before ODs. Both before and after ODs, minorities were more likely than nonminorities to join for each of Requests for reprints should be sent to James Griffith, 24435 Cutsail Drive, Damascus, MD 20872. the enlistment motivations, especially to gain JobKareer Development. Two findings supported the contention that new entrants to the Army Reserve joined and planned to stay through the end of their obligation, mobilization or not. First, career intent (the intention to remain in or leave the Army Reserve) was most strongly related to nearly all enlistment motivations. Second, expectations for mobilization and willingness to report for mobiliza- tion were either significantly and positively or nonsignificantly related to enlistment motivations. Implications of findings for future directions in Army Reserve recruitment incentives are discussed.
Friedel–Crafts polymerization of fluorene with methylene chloride, methoxyacetyl chloride, and chloromethyl methyl ether (1985)

Abstract The polymerization of fluorene with various chloromethylating reagents (methylene chloride, methoxyacetyl chloride, and chloromethyl methyl ether) in the presence of aluminum chloride was studied. The products that were obtained were insoluble, infusible, colored powders which contain a low concentration of aromatic radicals. Each of the polymers is composed predominantly of fluorene nuclei bridged at the 2 and 7 positions by methylene groups. In addition, the materials possess varying amounts of crosslinked and ring‐fused moieties. Based on physical and spectral properties and reaction stoichiometry, the fluorene/methylene chloride polymer is the most highly crosslinked of the three. The fluorene/methoxyacetyl chloride and fluorene/chloromethyl methyl ether polymers are similar to each other in most respects.
Synthesis of Porous Ceramics with Complex Pore Structure by Freeze‐Dry Processing (2001)

Porous ceramics with complex pore structure were synthesized by a freeze‐dry process. Freezing‐in of a water‐based ceramics slurry was done while controlling the growth direction of the ice. Sublimation marks of the ice were generated by drying under reduced pressure. Porous ceramics having a complex pore structure were obtained by sintering the green body: aligned macroscopic open pores contained micropores in their internal walls. The pore structure was substantially affected by the starting slurry concentration and sintering temperature. The pore formation mechanism is discussed in relation to these effects.
Capping motifs stabilize the leucine‐rich repeat protein PP32 and rigidify adjacent repeats (2014)

Capping motifs are found to flank most β-strand-containing repeat proteins. To better understand the roles of these capping motifs in organizing structure and stability, we carried out folding and solution NMR studies on the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of PP32, which is composed of five tandem LRR, capped by α-helical and β-hairpin motifs on the N- and C-termini. We were able to purify PP32 constructs lacking either cap and containing destabilizing substitutions. Removing the C-cap results in complete unfolding of PP32. Removing the N-cap has a much less severe effect, decreasing stability but retaining much of its secondary structure. In contrast, the dynamics and tertiary structure of the first two repeats are significantly perturbed, based on (1)H-(15)N relaxation studies, chemical shift perturbations, and residual dipolar couplings. However, more distal repeats (3 to C-cap) retain their native tertiary structure. In this regard, the N-cap drives the folding of adjacent repeats from what appears to be a molten-globule-like state. This interpretation is supported by extensive analysis using core packing substitutions in the full-length and N-cap-truncated PP32. This work highlights the importance of caps to the stability and structural integrity of β-strand-containing LRR proteins, and emphasizes the different contributions of the N- and C-terminal caps.