gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and simulation study on sub-50 nm CMOS design (2002)

CMOS devices with gate lengths down to sub-50 nm were fabricated using poly-Si gates with notches and conventional gate structures. It was shown that an optimal halo, as compared to conventional gates, is achieved when a tilted implant is performed using gates with notches. Due to optimal halo placement, up to 7% improvement in drain current for p-MOS and 15% improvement for n-MOS and simultaneously 20 nm improvement in threshold voltage roll-off were observed for notched gate devices for the same extension implant.
THE IRREVERSIBLE OXIDATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS I. THE OXIDATION OF AMINOPHENOLS BY REAGENTS OF DEFINITE POTENTIAL (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE IRREVERSIBLE OXIDATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS I. THE OXIDATION OF AMINOPHENOLS BY REAGENTS OF DEFINITE POTENTIALJames B. Conant and Malcolm F. PrattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 12, 3178–3192Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1926https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01691a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01691a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Binary System (1983)

This book is founded on the belief that a computer scientist should know the intimate details of at least one computer. Experience has shown that this cannot be gained by looking into the computer through hundreds of man years of software, or by starting from circuit diagrams. The interface between these two areas of complex detail is the numeric code used to program the computer and the inbuilt primitive functions of the computer which it controls. Thus this book is mainly concerned with the numeric code or Instruction set of the PDP11 computer, and its use in providing an empty machine with elementary system software to support assembly language programming. However, by way of introduction, this Chapter considers binary number representation and arithmetic. Also, in order to make it easier to understand what is meant by a program, without first understanding the considerable detail of the PDP11, the second Chapter is concerned with a very simple hypothetical computer.
Impact of Photon Lifetime on the Temperature Stability of 50 Gb/s 980 nm VCSELs (2016)

An increase of the small-signal modulation bandwidth to more than 25 GHz that is stable over a wide temperature range from 25 °C to 85 °C is reported upon systematic, joint variations of the photon lifetime and the oxide-aperture diameter for 980-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Error-free back-to-back data transmission at 50 Gb/s from 25 °C to 75 °C for completely unchanged driving conditions is reported, leading to an improved energy efficiency of the laser.
An inaudible pseudonoise sequence generation for digital audio watermarking (2012)

Digital watermarking is a technique that embeds imperceptible and statistically undetectable information into digital data. Most digital audio watermarking schemes have used pseudonoise (PN) sequence as a secret key. PN sequence embedded in an audio signal for watermarking reduces audio quality while it plays a vital role in security. In this paper, a PN sequence generation to improve imperceptibility in perceptual region of the human auditory system for audio watermarking purpose. The basic idea of this work was a modification of a PN sequence according to the frequency analysis of adjacent binary digits that have different signs in a PN sequence. The canonical signed digit code (CSDC) was also used to modify a general PN sequence and the pair- matching function between general and its modified PN sequence is proposed for PN sequence modification. Additionally, statistical properties of new PN sequence was evaluated and discussed by an auto-correlation and a cross-correlation analysis.
Estimation error analysis and compensation of dual Six-Port based DOA detection (2014)

Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) detection finds a large number of applications from security and monitoring purposes to industrial automation. Recently, the Six-Port receiver technique has been succesfully implemented to perform accurate DOA measurements. Furthermore, the dual Six-Port DOA detection approach has been introduced to perform an ambiguity-free detection over a wide DOA range. In this paper a DOA estimation error analysis and compensation technique will be presented for the dual Six-Port DOA detection technique further improving the detection accuracy.
Au-CdS Core−Shell Nanocrystals with Controllable Shell Thickness and Photoinduced Charge Separation Property (2008)

A facile and reproducible approach for preparing Au-CdS core−shell nanocrystals with controllable shell thickness was successfully developed. A depression of the photoluminescence emission of CdS was observed in Au-CdS nanocrystals, demonstrating the photoinduced charge separation and the effective electron transfer from CdS shell to Au core.
Personal TV viewing by using live chat as metadata (2005)

We propose a new TV viewing method by personalizing TV programs with live chat information on the Web. It enables a new way of viewing TV content from different perspectives reflecting viewers' viewpoints.
Comparison of nitrosocimetidine with nitrosomethylnitroguanidine in chronic feeding tests in rats. (1984)

N-Nitrosocimetidine, a nitroso derivative of the drug cimetidine, was given to groups of 20 male and 20 female rats in drinking water at a concentration of 0.5 mM for more than 2 years. The life span of the rats was not decreased compared with untreated control animals, and there was no significant increase in incidence of any tumor that could be attributed to the treatment. In comparison, 45% or more of 20 male rats treated with the analogous nitrosoguanidine, N-nitroso-N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine, at an equimolar concentration in drinking water developed neoplasms of the glandular stomach. There was some shortening of life span in these animals. An additional group of 20 male rats was given an identical treatment with N-nitroso-N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine in water, but prepared fresh on alternate days, rather than once a week, to minimize decomposition. These animals died more rapidly than did the previous group and had a higher incidence of neoplasms of the glandular stomach. The neoplasms seen in this organ were usually adenomas or adenocarcinomas, but there were a few hemangiosarcomas and neurosarcomas. There is a possibility that nitrosocimetidine could be formed by interaction of cimetidine with nitrite in the stomach, but the carcinogenic risk arising would be very small based on the negative result of this study.
Endourology & Laparoscopy (2008)

Objectives: To report our experience with laparoscopic radical cystectomy and extracorporeal urinary diversion for high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer in a consecutive series of 48 patients with 3 years of follow-up.Methods: From June 1999 to April 2006, 48 patients (42 men and 6 women; mean age 59 years, range 24 to 80) with bladder cancer underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection at our institution.Urinary diversion was done extracorporeally through the specimen extraction incision.Results: The mean operating time was 310 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 456 mL.In 1 patient, conversion to open surgery was required because of severe hypercarbia.Three major complications were observed intraoperatively (rectal injury in 2 and external iliac vein injury in 1 patient).However, all these complications were managed laparoscopically, with completion of the procedure laparoscopically.The mean hospital stay was 10.2 days (range 7 to 25).One patient died in the postoperative period of severe lower respiratory tract infection and septicemia.Histologic examination showed organ-confined tumors (Stage pT1/pT2/pT3a) in 34 patients (71%) and extravesical disease (pT3b/pT4) in 14 (29%).Of the 48 patients, 12 (25%) had lymph node involvement.The mean number of nodes removed was 14 (range 4 to 24).At a mean follow-up period of 38 months (range 10 to 72), 35 patients were alive with no evidence of disease (disease-free survival rate 73%).Conclusions: The results of our study have shown that laparoscopic radical cystectomy is a safe, feasible, and effective alternative to open radical cystectomy.Extracorporeal urinary diversion through a small incision decreases the operating time, while maintaining the benefits of laparoscopic surgery.The 3-year oncologic efficacy was comparable to that of open radical cystectomy.
Effect of feeding regulation measures for establishing esophageal channel function in neoesophagus created with a nitinol artificial esophagus (2012)

FRM not only effectively delayed the shedding time of the artificial esophagus but also played a role in protecting the neoesophagus from stenosis, by functioned as a bougienage after artificial esophagus sloughing. Therefore, FRM is an effective way for establishing a stable eating channel in the neoesophagus when using a nitinol composite artificial esophagus to replace the resected segment of an intrathoracic esophagus.
Graphical Relationships in Cloth Geometry for Plain, Twill, and Sateen Weaves (1954)

In the seventeen years since the publication of F. T. Peirce's "The Geometry of Cloth Structure" [1], many textile engineers have checked the assumptions upon which the geo metric theory is based. Their findings have reflected favorably on Peirce's physical and analytical reasoning. In many cases it was found advisable to extend the original geometric relationships to include woven structures other than those dealt with explicitly in Peirce's writings. The following paper by Mr. Louis Love serves as a useful extension of Peirce's consideration of the maximum weavability of plain weaves. Based on his own observations of fabric cross sections, Love establishes lateral compression factors for other than plain weaves. He combines these with appropriate weave factors to arrive at graphical relation ships for maximum weavability—presented here in a form of immediate use to the mill designer. Following Mr. Love's paper, Dr. John Dickson reports on numerous loom tests which serve to illustrate the validity of Love's assumptions, analyses, and computations. It is worth noting that Dickson's experimental data relate to cotton and to other fibers as well. His calculations demonstrate the direct manner of converting from one yarn count system to another, taking into consideration variations in fiber density. The need for such conver sions arises from the use of cotton system cover factors in most published studies of cloth geometry. EDITOR
Traveling-Wave-Based Line Fault Location in Star-Connected Multiterminal HVDC Systems (2012)

This paper presents a novel algorithm to determine the location of dc line faults in an HVDC system with multiple terminals connected to a common point, using only the measurements taken at the converter stations. The algorithm relies on the traveling-wave principle, and requires the fault-generated surge arrival times at the converter terminals. With accurate surge arrival times obtained from time-synchronized measurements, the proposed algorithm can accurately predict the faulty segment as well as the exact fault location. Continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the input signal are used to determine the precise time of arrival of traveling waves at the dc line terminals. Performance of the proposed fault-location scheme is analyzed through detailed simulations carried out using the electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD. The algorithm does not use reflected waves for its calculations and therefore it is more robust compared to fault location algorithms previously proposed for teed transmission lines. Furthermore, the algorithm can be generalized to handle any number of line segments connected to the star point.
Observation of Backaction and Self-Induced Trapping in a Planar Hollow Photonic Crystal Cavity (2013)

The optomechanical coupling between a resonant optical field and a nanoparticle through trapping forces is demonstrated. Resonant optical trapping, when achieved in a hollow photonic crystal cavity is accompanied by cavity backaction effects that result from two mechanisms. First, the effect of the particle on the resonant field is measured as a shift in the cavity eigenfrequency. Second, the effect of the resonant field on the particle is shown as a wavelength-dependent trapping strength. The existence of two distinct trapping regimes, intrinsically particle specific, is also revealed. Long optical trapping (>10 min) of 500 nm dielectric particles is achieved with very low intracavity powers (<120 μW).
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss Following Phacoemulsification Using the Small-Port Phaco (1994)

We studied the extent of corneal endothelial injury after phacoemulsification using the Small-Port Phaco (SPP), a new phacoemulsification instrument that allows linear aspiration during phacoemulsification. Of 72 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, the SPP was used in 33 (group 1) and a standard phacoemulsification instrument in 39 (group 2). Endothelial cell density was examined by specular microscopy preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the percentage of endothelial cell loss was evaluated. Operative factors influencing endothelial injury such as the duration of ultrasound emission, the ultrasound power expended, and the amount of irrigating solution used also were measured. The percentages of endothelial cell loss at both 1 and 3 months were significantly less (P < .05) in group 1 than in group 2 (in group 1, 4.3 +/- 3.4% at 1 month, and 5.6 +/- 3.8% at 3 months; in group 2, 6.9 +/- 4.6%, and 8.3 +/- 5.4%, respectively). The duration of emission was shorter and the ultrasound power discharged was smaller in the SPP cases. Since the total ultrasound energy emitted in the SPP cases was less than that in the standard-instrument cases, we conclude that the reduced corneal endothelial damage observed in group 1 was directly related to the smaller total ultrasound power expended in these cases.
Association of Mediterranean Diet with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2014)

While the overall number of studies is small, pooled results suggest that a higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with a reduced risk of developing MCI and AD, and a reduced risk of progressing from MCI to AD. Further prospective-cohort studies with longer follow-up and randomized controlled trials are warranted to consolidate the evidence. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 2013: CRD42013003868.
Joining of SiC ceramics and SiC/SiC composites (2018)

This project has successfully developed a practical and reliable method for fabricating SiC ceramic-ceramic joints. This joining method has the potential to facilitate the use of SiC-based ceramics in a variety of elevated temperature fossil energy applications. The technique is based on a reaction bonding approach that provides joint interlayers compatible with SiC, and excellent joint mechanical properties at temperatures exceeding 1000{degrees}C. Recent efforts have focused on transferring the joining technology to industry. Several industrial partners have been identified and collaborative research projects are in progress. Investigations are focusing on applying the joining method to sintered a-SiC and fiber-reinforced SiC/SiC composites for use in applications such as heat exchangers, radiant burners and gas turbine components.
Nonreciprocal laser-microchemical processing: Spatial resolution limits and demonstration of 0.2-μm linewidths (1984)

A simple model, which includes the important effects of ‘‘nonreciprocity’’ (nonlinear dependence on intensity), is developed to describe the spatial resolution of single-step focused-beam, microchemical fabrication techniques. Qualitative comparisons are made to patterning by double-step (resist) and by projected-image processes. At a given wavelength, linewidths are shown to be narrowest for microchemical processes. Linewidths &lt;0.2 μm, i.e., narrower than the Rayleigh optical diffraction limit, are demonstrated for laser-activated deposition and doping of silicon at visible wavelengths.
Sexual Orientation as Destiny (1985)

The article argues that social constructionists are referring to labels applied to sexual orientation while essentialists are discussing sexual orientation itself. Although a review of the literature shows that various labels are applied to sexual orientation, these labels do not markedly affect its reality. Sexual orientation, defined as erotic attraction rather than sexual behavior, is established at an early age and largely immutable in adulthood.
Serotonin and the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion and of neuroendocrine rhythms. (1981)

The importance of 5-HT synaptic transmission for induced or cyclic activation of pituitary secretion now seems widely agreed upon. Raphe structures, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and, hypothetically, identified mesencephalic 5-HT containing neurons can be assumed to represent parts of the neuronal circuitry of a central clock which synchronizes neuroendocrine rhythms. Cyclic input from the pineal gland may also be involved, though the meaning of this has not yet been clearly established. The primary role of the transmitter may be to modulate transmission to neurosecretory neurons at the output of this clock. This modulation is not hormone-specific and affects, simultaneously, several endocrine functions. 5-HT has also been shown to facilitate the pituitary response to discrete neuroendocrine reflexes, such as the suckling-induced release of prolactin. 5-HT interactions with hormone control provide a good illustration of the neuromodulatory role of the amine.
Sparsity-Driven Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging: Reconstruction, autofocusing, moving targets, and compressed sensing (2014)

This article presents a survey of recent research on sparsity-driven synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. In particular, it reviews 1) the analysis and synthesis-based sparse signal representation formulations for SAR image formation together with the associated imaging results, 2) sparsity-based methods for wide-angle SAR imaging and anisotropy characterization, 3) sparsity-based methods for joint imaging and autofocusing from data with phase errors, 4) techniques for exploiting sparsity for SAR imaging of scenes containing moving objects, and 5) recent work on compressed sensing (CS)-based analysis and design of SAR sensing missions.
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expression of primary trophoblast cells and placental cell lines, determined using single antigen beads to characterize allotype specificities of anti‐HLA antibodies (2008)

Human trophoblast cells express an unusual repertoire of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules which has been difficult to define. Close homology between and extreme polymorphism at the classical HLA class-I (HLA-I) loci has made it difficult to generate locus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The problem of defining an antibody's reactivity against the thousands of existing HLA-I allotypes has often made it impossible to determine the HLA bound by a mAb in biological samples from a normal outbred population. Here we have used commercially available beads coated with individual HLA-I to characterize experimentally the reactivity of nine mAb against 96 common HLA-I allotypes. In conjunction with donor HLA-I genotyping, we could then define the specific HLA molecules bound by these antibodies in normal individuals. We used this approach to analyse the HLA expression of primary trophoblast cells from normal pregnancies; the choriocarcinoma cells JEG-3 and JAR; and the placental cell lines HTR-8/SVneo, Swan-71 and TEV-1. We confirm that primary villous trophoblast cells are HLA null whereas extravillous trophoblast cells express HLA-C, HLA-G and HLA-E, but not HLA-A, HLA-B or HLA-DR molecules in normal pregnancy. Tumour-derived JEG-3 and JAR cells reflect extravillous and villous trophoblast HLA phenotypes, respectively, but the HLA repertoire of the in vitro derived placental cell lines is not representative of either in vivo trophoblast phenotype. This study raises questions regarding the validity of using the placental cell lines that are currently available as model systems for immunological interactions between fetal trophoblast and maternal leucocytes bearing receptors for HLA molecules.
Exploiting multiple degrees of BP parallelism on the highly parallel computer AP1000 (1995)

During the last years, several neurocomputers have been developed, but still general purpose computers are an alternative to these special purpose computers. This paper describes a mapping of the backpropagation learning algorithm onto a large 2-D torus architecture. The parallel algorithm was implemented on a 512 processor AP1000 and evaluated using NETtalk and other applications. To obtain high speedup, we have suggested an approach to combine the multiple parallel degrees (training set parallelism, node parallelism and pipelining of the training patterns) of the algorithm. For a large number of processors, we obtained a performance of 81 million weight updates per second using 512 processors, when running the NETtalk network. Our results show that to obtain the best performance on a large number of processors, a combination of multiple degrees of parallelism in the backpropagation algorithm ought to be considered. INTRODUCTION One of the most popular artificial neural networks (ANN...