gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapeutic drugs on epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and LewisY antigen expression (2001)

MoAbs against tumour-associated antigens (TAA) may be useful for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Since an increased expression of TAA may lead to enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity we examined whether the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha can influence EpCAM and LewisY expression on the surface of the colorectal carcinoma cell lines HT29, LoVo and SW480. We found that only IFN-alpha increased significantly whereas IL-4 decreased both EpCAM and LewisY expression. IFN-gamma significantly increased LewisY expression only. When tumour cells were treated with MoAb, the LewisY-specific MoAb BR55-2 down-regulated LewisY antigen expression, whereas MoAb 17-1A, which binds to EpCAM, up-regulated this TAA after 3 days of culture. The cytokines IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma combined with MoAb 17-1A enhanced further slightly the expression of EpCAM. In additional experiments with chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, we found that 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C and oxaliplatin up-regulated EpCAM and LewisY antigen expression. Raltitrexed enhanced LewisY and down-regulated EpCAM expression, whereas CPT-11 had no influence at all. The highest expression for EpCAM on HT29 cells was achieved by the combination of IFN-alpha, 5-fluorouracil and MoAb 17-1A. Our results may be useful for defining combinations of biological and chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Further trials should evaluate to what extent these combinations enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
An Easy Access to Halide Ion‐Catalytic α‐Glycosylation Using Carbon Tetrabromide and Triphenylphosphine as Multifunctional Reagents. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ringdown spectroscopy of stimulated Raman scattering in a whispering gallery mode resonator (2007)

We report experimental observations of power-dependent, nonexponential decay of light stored in whispering gallery modes caused by stimulated Raman scattering in the resonator host material. Specifically, we show that the instantaneous decay rate of whispering gallery modes of a calcium fluoride resonator increases as the amount of light stored in the resonator decreases.
Design and Capacity Analysis of Cellular-Type Underwater Acoustic Networks (2008)

The design of a cellular underwater network is addressed from the viewpoint of determining the cell size and the frequency reuse pattern needed to support a desired number of users operating over a given area within a given system bandwidth. By taking into account the basic laws of underwater acoustic propagation, it is shown that unlike in the terrestrial radio systems, both the cell radius <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> and the reuse number <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> must satisfy a set of constraints to constitute an admissible solution (which sometimes may not exist). The region of admissible ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ) , which defines the possible network topologies, is determined by the user density and the system bandwidth (rho, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> ) , and by the required signal-to-interference ratio and per-user bandwidth (SIR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) . The system capacity is defined as the maximal user density rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> that can be supported within a given bandwidth, and it is derived analytically. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the results. It is shown that capacity-achieving architectures are characterized by <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> , which grows with rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> . The capacity, as well as the range of admissible solutions, is heavily influenced by the choice of frequency region to which the bandwidth is allocated. Moving to a higher frequency region than that dictated by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) maximization improves the SIR and yields a greater capacity. Although higher frequencies demand greater transmission power to span the same distance, they also imply a reduction in the cell size, which, in turn, provides an overall reduction in the transmission power. While complex relationships are involved in system optimization, the analysis presented offers a simple tool for the design of future ocean observation systems based on cellular types of network architecture for wide area coverage.
Interactions between surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed molecules. II. Infrared spectroscopic study of benzene adsorption (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions between surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed molecules. II. Infrared spectroscopic study of benzene adsorptionJames A. Cusumano and Manfred J. D. LowCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 9, 1950–1956Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100704a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100704a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
New polarisation-insensitive direction scheme based on fibre polarisation scrambling (1991)

A novel fibre polarisation scrambler is described for a large class of receivers using polarisation-dependent components, such as gratings, liquid-crystal etalon filters and acousto-optic filters. This technique is wavelength independent, is transparent to the transmission format and simple to implement. Using this approach, the variation in the received power for an arbitrarily polarised signal passing through a fixed polariser was reduced from greater than 40dB to 1.4 dB.
Engineering Approach To Optimize Development Strategy in the Oil Segment of the Eagle Ford Shale: A Case Study (2013)

Summary This paper presents a case study of the implementation of an integrated engineering approach to drill, complete, evaluate, and optimize multiple sets of parallel horizontal wells in the oil segment of the Eagle Ford shale. Two sets of horizontal wells were drilled parallel to each other in the Eagle Ford shale. Chemostratigraphic analysis was used during the drilling process to assist in understanding the placement of the horizontal wellbores with regard to the target pay interval as well as to assess area faulting. This data was used in designing the stimulation-stage intervals and to evaluate surface injection responses during the fracture treatments. Ball-activated fracture valves and plug-and-perforation completion strategies were tested to determine whether one is superior to the other. Oil-soluble tracers were used to understand the efficiency of these different completion strategies and aided in the production comparisons. Downhole microseismic mapping was also used to assist in the completion evaluation. The integration of various engineering data allowed for interesting conclusions about horizontal wellbore placement and the effect it has on the fracture-stimulation treatments, as well as the resulting production from the comparative wells. These insights provide important information for optimizing infill-drilling, well-placement, and fracture-completion strategies in the Eagle Ford shale. The lessons learned were implemented on additional wells in the same field, and all of these results will be discussed.
In Vivo Influence of Serum Amyloid A 2.1 and its Active Domains on Macrophage Cholesterol Export (2004)

The accumulation of lipids, especially cholesterol, in several vascular cell types such as macrophages and smooth muscle cells, is a defining pathologic feature of atherosclerosis. Serum amyloid A (SAA) isoforms 1.1 and 2.1 are acute phase proteins produced by the liver in response to any acute tissue injury. This chapter aims to characterize and define the effect of SAA2.1 on cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-laden macrophages in vivo. It demonstrates that the in vivo release of radiolabeled cholesterol from intravenously injected cholesterol-laden J774 macrophages is not a function of cell death nor of the destruction of these cells by an immune or ongoing inflammatory reaction but rather is dependent on a functional transporter. The cholesterol release was apparent within 6 h of the administration of isoform 2.1 or its relevant peptides, and peaked approximately16 h after the injection of these specific liposomes.
Structural phase transitions and stress accommodation in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.67</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MgO</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>composite films (2002)

Composite $({\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}{)}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}:(\mathrm{MgO}{)}_{x}$ films were prepared by metalorganic aerosol deposition on a (100)MgO substrate for different concentrations of the (MgO) phase $(0<~x<~0.8).$ At $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.3$ a percolation threshold in conductivity is reached, at which an infinite insulating MgO cluster forms around the ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ grains. This yields a drastic increase of the electrical resistance for films with $x>0.3.$ The film structure is characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The local structure of the ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ within the film depends on the MgO concentration which grows epitaxially along the domain boundaries. A different structural phase transition from the orthorhombic Pnma structure to an unusual rhombohedral $R3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}c$ structure at the percolation threshold $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.3$ is found for ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}.$ A three-dimensional stress accommodation in thick films through a phase transition is suggested.
Mesenchymal–epithelial interactions involving epiregulin in tuberous sclerosis complex hamartomas (2008)

Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop hamartomas containing biallelic inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, resulting in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Hamartomas overgrow epithelial and mesenchymal cells in TSC skin. The pathogenetic mechanisms for these changes had not been investigated, and the existence or location of cells with biallelic mutations ("two-hit" cells) was unclear. We compared TSC skin hamartomas (angiofibromas and periungual fibromas) with normal-appearing skin of the same patient, and we observed more proliferation and mTOR activation in hamartoma epidermis. Two-hit cells were not detected in the epidermis. Fibroblast-like cells in the dermis, however, exhibited allelic deletion of TSC2, in both touch preparations of fresh tumor samples and cells grown from TSC skin tumors, suggesting that increased epidermal proliferation and mTOR activation were not caused by second-hit mutations in the keratinocytes but by mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Gene expression arrays, used to identify potential paracrine factors released by mesenchymal cells, revealed more epiregulin mRNA in fibroblast-like angiofibroma and periungual fibroma cells than in fibroblasts from normal-appearing skin of the same patient. Elevation of epiregulin mRNA was confirmed with real-time PCR, and increased amounts of epiregulin protein were demonstrated with immunoprecipitation. Epiregulin stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in vitro. These results suggest that hamartomatous TSC skin tumors are induced by paracrine factors released by two-hit cells in the dermis and that proliferation with mTOR activation of the overlying epidermis is an effect of epiregulin.
Explosives detection The problem and prospects (1984)

Explosives molecules have a number of unique properties. These properties are discussed. They include low vapor pressures, electronegativity, ''stickiness,'' frangibility, and thermal instability. The program for developing an advanced explosives detector is described.
Some Catalytic Properties of Human Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Catalytic Properties of Human Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase*A. Huntley Blair and Bert L. ValleeCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 6, 2026–2034Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00870a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views900Altmetric-Citations182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (904 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Binding to and Stability of the Orphan <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Quorum-Sensing Signal Receptor QscR (2010)

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcription factor QscR responds to a variety of fatty acyl-homoserine lactones (HSLs), including N-3-oxododecanoyl-HSL (3OC12-HSL), which is produced and detected by the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing circuit LasI and LasR. As is true for LasR and many other acyl-HSL-dependent transcription factors, production of soluble QscR in sufficient amounts for purification requires growth of recombinant bacteria in the presence of an appropriate acyl-HSL. QscR is thought to bind 3OC12-HSL relatively weakly compared to LasR, and unlike LasR, binding of purified QscR to target DNA was shown to strongly depend on exogenously added 3OC12-HSL. We show that purified QscR is dimeric at sufficiently high concentrations and monomeric at lower concentrations. Furthermore, QscR bound 3OC12-HSL more tightly than previously believed. Purified QscR retained 3OC12-HSL, and at sufficiently high concentrations, it bound target DNA in the absence of added 3OC12-HSL. We also obtained soluble QscR from recombinant Escherichia coli grown in the presence of N-3-oxohexanoyl-HSL (3OC6-HSL) instead of 3OC12-HSL, and because 3OC6-HSL bound much more loosely to QscR than other acyl-HSLs tested, we were able to exchange 3OC6-HSL with other acyl-HSLs in vitro and then estimate binding affinities of QscR for different acyl-HSLs and for target DNA. Our data support a model whereby QscR polypeptides fold properly in the absence of an acyl-HSL, but soluble, acyl-HSL-free QscR does not accumulate because it is subject to rapid aggregation or proteolysis.
Antimicrobial polypeptides in host defense of the respiratory tract (2002)

The large surfaces of the respiratory tract are often the initial site of contact between microbes and their human hosts. Respiratory epithelia are coated with a thin layer of airway and alveolar secretions whose composition varies by anatomical location and in response to mechanical, chemical, and microbial stimulation. In the nose, trachea, and bronchi, the secretions are generated by airway epithelial cells, especially the goblet cells; by the submucosal glands; by transudation and transport of proteins from plasma; and by resident and recruited phagocytes — neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages. In the distal airways and alveoli, Clara cells and type 2 alveolar cells are, respectively, the predominant secretory epithelial cells. As first described by Alexander Fleming nearly 80 years ago (1), respiratory secretions have microbicidal and microbistatic properties mediated by their constituent antimicrobial polypeptides. These intrinsic antimicrobial properties of respiratory secretions act in concert with the mechanical and phagocytic clearance mechanisms, described elsewhere in this Perspective series, to defend the respiratory tract against colonization or invasion by environmental microbes.
Integration of nanoporous membranes into microfluidic devices: electrokinetic bio-sample pre-concentration (2013)

The integration of nanoporous membranes into microfluidic devices allows a wide range of analytical and biochemical applications such as stable concentration gradient generation, sample pre-concentration, and ion and biomolecule filtration in a controllable manner. However, further applications of nanoporous membranes in microfluidic devices require rapid and controllable fabrication methods of various nanoporous precursor materials; currently, few such methods exist. Here, we describe simple and robust methods that can be used for microfabricating four different precursor materials as leakage-tight membranes in a microfluidic channel network. The methods consist of a common integration process and individual solidification processes such as solvent evaporation, UV-curing, and temperature treatment. We demonstrate that the fabricated membranes can be used for electrokinetic, nanofluidic pre-concentration of bio-samples such as proteins, cells, and microspheres on either the anodic or cathodic side of the membranes. In addition, we not only characterize the physicochemical properties of the membranes such as conductance of membrane-integrated microchannels, relative permselectivity, and pre-concentration ability, but also compare fabrication availability, membrane robustness, surface charge density tunability and biocompatibility with buffer solutions. The methods are versatile for many nanoporous precursor materials and easy to control the location and dimension of the membranes. Hence, the methods developed and the characterized properties of the membranes tested in this work could be widely employed for further applications of nanoporous membranes in microfluidic systems.
Overexpression of the cellular retinoic acid binding protein-I (CRABP-I) results in a reduction in differentiation-specific gene expression in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. (1991)

Treatment of F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells with retinoic acid (RA) causes their irreversible differentiation into extraembryonic endoderm. To elucidate the role of the cellular retinoic acid binding protein-I (CRABP-I) in this differentiation process, we have generated several different stably transfected F9 stem cell lines expressing either elevated or reduced levels of functional CRABP-I protein. Stably transfected lines expressing elevated levels of CRABP-I exhibit an 80-90% reduction in the RA induced expression of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) beta, laminin B1, and collagen type IV (alpha 1) mRNAs at low exogenous RA concentrations, but this reduction is eliminated at higher RA concentrations. Thus, greater expression of CRABP-I reduces the potency of RA in this differentiation system. Moreover, transfection of a CRABP-I expression vector into F9 cells resulted in five- and threefold decreases in the activation of the laminin B1 RARE (retinoic acid response element) and the RAR beta RARE, respectively, as measured from RARE/CAT expression vectors in transient transfection assays. These results support the idea that CRABP-I sequesters RA within the cell and thereby prevents RA from acting to regulate differentiation specific gene expression. Our data suggest a mechanism whereby the level of CRABP-I can regulate responsiveness to RA during development.
Results of the mission profile life test (1982)

Seven J series 30-cm diameter thrusters have been tested in segments of up to 5,070 hr, for 14,541 hr in the Mission Profile Life Test facility. Test results have indicated the basic thruster design to be consistent with the lifetime goal of 15,000 hr at 2-A beam. The only areas of concern identified which appear to require additional verification testing involve contamination of mercury propellant isolators, which may be due to facility constituents, and the ability of specially covered surfaces to contain sputtered material and prevent flake formation. The ability of the SCR, series resonant inverter power processor to operate the J series thruster and autonomous computer control of the thruster/processor system were demonstrated.
Low noise avalanche photodiodes (2005)

This work reports on the simulation of the multiplication and excess noise in a 0.2 mum thick InP multiplication region with a 1.5 mum InGaAs absorption region. The effect of ionization in InGaAs appears to make very little difference to the multiplication and noise characteristics