gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S100a9 Knockdown Decreases the Memory Impairment and the Neuropathology in Tg2576 Mice, AD Animal Model (2010)

Inflammation, insoluble protein deposition and neuronal cell loss are important features in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. To investigate the regulatory genes responsible for the neuropathology in AD, we performed microarray analysis with APP(V717I)-CT100 transgenic mice, an animal model of AD, and isolated the S100a9 gene, which encodes an inflammation-associated calcium binding protein. In another AD animal model, Tg2576 mouse brain, and in human AD brain, induction of S100a9 was confirmed. The endogenous expression of S100a9 was induced by treatment with Abeta or CT peptides in a microglia cell line, BV2 cells. In these cells, silencing study of S100a9 showed that the induction of S100a9 increased the intracellular calcium level and up-regulated the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and TNFalpha) and iNOS. S100a9 lentiviral short hairpin RNA (sh-S100a9) was injected into the hippocampus region of the brains of 13-month-old Tg2576 mice. At two months after injection, we found that knockdown of S100a9 expression had improved the cognition decline of Tg2576 mice in the water maze task, and had reduced amyloid plaque burden. These results suggest that S100a9 induced by Abeta or CT contributes to cause inflammation, which then affects the neuropathology including amyloid plaques burden and impairs cognitive function. Thus, the inhibition of S100a9 is a possible target for AD therapy.
Micro-G silicon accelerometers with high performance CMOS interface circuitry (1999)

High precision micro-g accelerometers are widely used in applications such as inertial navigation, microgravity measurements and seismology. The objective of this dissertation is to design and develop a z-axis micro-g accelerometer with high sensitivity, low noise, low temperature sensitivity, and good long-term stability. In order to achieve this goal, two novel all-silicon device structures, two single-wafer fabrication processes, and a novel interface CMOS circuit are introduced. The accelerometers are fabricated on a single silicon wafer using a combined bulk and surface micromachining technology. The first accelerometer is a fully-symmetrical capacitive device, which has a low cross-axis sensitivity in addition to the aforementioned performance targets. The accelerometer with a 4 x 1mm<super> 2</super> proof mass shows a measured sensitivity of 19.4pF/g using turn-over tests, that yields a differential top and bottom sensitivity of 38.8pF/g. The calculated noise floor of this device at atmosphere is 0. 16 mug/√Hz. The second accelerometer is a high sensitivity capacitive device with a new folded-electrode structure. The structure provides closed-loop operation and differential capacitance measurement with a single-sided structure. The measured sensitivity for a device with 2.6 x 1mm<super>2</super> proof mass is about 100pF/g. The calculated mechanical noise floor for the same device is 0.18mug/√Hz at atmosphere. Thorough analytical modeling and simulation of the accelerometer with finite electrode stiffness operated closed-loop are presented with an oversampled sigma-delta modulator chip. The simulations are performed in the time domain with inclusion of all non-idealities and non-linearities. The simulation results show a resolution of less than 10mug direct digital output and better than 1% linearity. Finally, a high performance interface circuit for the micro-g accelerometers is presented. This chip implements an oversampled sigma-delta modulator and can be both used for open-loop analog readout, and closed-loop control and readout with direct digital output. The chip has a large dynamic range, low offset and good dc response despite large input base and parasitic capacitances. This switched-capacitor circuit has 370muV input referred offset and better than 75aF input capacitance resolution with a 200kHz sampling clock. Also, this chip includes start-up circuit and PWM digital lead compensator for closed-loop control of the accelerometer with a single 5V supply over a +/-1.2g range.
STUDIES ON A NEW ANTIBIOTIC, ALBOCYCLINE. II (1968)

Three different Streptomyces producing a new antibiotic albocycline were examined in reference to their taxonomic characteristics. It was concluded that two of the strains, S. MCRL-0129 and S. MCRL-0356, are new species of Streptomyces and they were named S. brunneogriseus nov. sp. and S. roseocinereus nov. sp., respectively. The third strain, S. MCRL-0355, was recognized to be a variety of S. roseochrontogenes and named S. roseochromogenes var. albocyclini var. nov.
Embedded System for Hygiene Compliance Monitoring (2010)

Different approaches to implementation of hygiene compliance monitoring are presented. The architecture and operation of an embedded distributed system for hygiene compliance monitoring are described. The performance of the system does not depend on the number of monitored areas, number of caregivers being monitored, and no network infrastructure is required.
Speech Disorders following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Kinematic Analysis of Syllable Repetitions Using Electromagnetic Articulography (2000)

Using electromagnetic articulography, the lips, the tip of the tongue, and the tongue dorsum were tracked during repetitions of the syllables [pa], [ta] and [ka] in 10 speakers with dysarthria following severe traumatic brain injury and in 10 age-matched control subjects. When asked to produce the syllable trains as fast as possible, the patient group showed a rather homogeneous pattern of movement abnormalities including prolonged syllable durations and reduced peak velocity/amplitude ratios. Most presumably, limited speed generation gives rise to the impaired ability to increase speech rate. During the habitual speaking condition, reduced velocity/amplitude ratios were restricted to the tongue tip and tongue dorsum. Obviously, the tongue and the lips are differentially affected in dysarthria following severe traumatic brain injury.
Autocrine mitogen IgEGF cooperates with c-myc or with the Hcs locus during hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice. (1995)

Hepatocarcinogenesis is deterministic in transgenic mice expressing in the liver gene construct Alb-DS4 that encodes autocrine growth factor IgEGF (D Stern et al. (1987), Science 235: 321-324), causing their death within 7.1 months. Hepatic expression of construct AAT-myc encoding murine c-myc causes liver cancer in 44% of the mice at 14.8 months. Cooperation of these genes was evident in CD2F1 transgenics bearing Alb-DS4 plus AAT-myc, in which accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation caused death of all mice within 4.4 months. Alb-DS4 also cooperates with the Hcs locus, which in C3H/HeJ mice mediates high susceptibility to spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis, causing accelerated formation of HCC to which mice succumbed at 5.1 months. Thus, genes that predispose to HCC formation cooperate in transgenic mice and their interaction is a key to understand mechanisms that cause liver cancer.
Nucleotide sequence of the mannitol <i>(mtl)</i> operon in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1988)

The nucleotide sequence of the known portions of the mannitol operon in Escherichia coli (mtlOPAD) has been determined. Both the operator-promoter region and the intercistronic region between the mtlA and mtlD genes (encoding the mannitol-specific Enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system and mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively) show parallels with corresponding regions of the glucitol (gut) operon, but neither the mtlA nor the mtlD gene products show obvious homology with the corresponding gene products of the glucitol operon. Five potential cyclic AMP receptor protein binding sites were identified in the mtlOP region, all showing near identity with the consensus sequence. Four regions of dyad symmetry (four to seven bases in length), serving as potential repressor binding sites, overlap with the potential cyclic AMP receptor protein binding sites. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences, forming stem-loop structures in the intercistronic region between mtlA and mtlD and following the mtlD gene were identified. Probable terminator sequences were not found in any of these three regulatory regions. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibits two overlapping, potential NAD+ binding sites near the N-terminus of the protein. Computer techniques were used to analyse the mtlD gene and its product.
Multiple-access technology based on optical code-division multiple access for passive optical networks (2006)

A new multiple-access technology based on optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) for passive optical networks (PONs) is presented. The design of the optical line terminator and the optical network unit for the OCDMA PON are studied in detail. Its bit-error-rate performance is studied under consideration of multiple-user interference and various noise contributions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme is feasible and that the novel design can improve the performance of optical access networks.
Implementations for coalesced hashing (1982)

The coalesced hashing method is one of the faster searching methods known today. This paper is a practical study of coalesced hashing for use by those who intend to implement or further study the algorithm. Techniques are developed for tuning an important parameter that relates the sizes of the address region and the cellar in order to optimize the average running times of different implementations. A value for the parameter is reported that works well in most cases. Detailed graphs explain how the parameter can be tuned further to meet specific needs. The resulting tuned algorithm outperforms several well-known methods including standard coalesced hashing, separate (or direct) chaining, linear probing, and double hashing. A variety of related methods are also analyzed including deletion algorithms, a new and improved insertion strategy called varied-insertion, and applications to external searching on secondary storage devices.
CD34+ cells obtained from “good mobilizers” are more activated and exhibit lower ex vivo expansion efficiency than their counterparts from “poor mobilizers” (2009)

A good response to G-CSF mobilization treatment is associated with a higher degree of proliferative and metabolic activation of mobilized CD34+ cells with a decrease in their expansion capacity.
Simultaneous two wave oscillation LD using biperiodic binary grating (1991)

A laser diode system that shows simultaneous oscillation at two frequencies using a biperiodic binary grating as an external cavity has been developed for frequency-multiplexed optical-communication systems and optical data processing systems.
Effects of Statins on Skeletal Muscle: A Perspective for Physical Therapists (2010)

Hyperlipidemia, also known as high blood cholesterol, is a cardiovascular health risk that affects more than one third of adults in the United States. Statins are commonly prescribed and successful lipid-lowering medications that reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular disease. The side effects most commonly associated with statin use involve muscle cramping, soreness, fatigue, weakness, and, in rare cases, rapid muscle breakdown that can lead to death. Often, these side effects can become apparent during or after strenuous bouts of exercise. Although the mechanisms by which statins affect muscle performance are not entirely understood, recent research has identified some common causative factors. As musculoskeletal and exercise specialists, physical therapists have a unique opportunity to identify adverse effects related to statin use. The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to review the metabolism and mechanisms of actions of statins, (2) to discuss the effects of statins on skeletal muscle function, (3) to detail the clinical presentation of statin-induced myopathies, (4) to outline the testing used to diagnose statin-induced myopathies, and (5) to introduce a role for the physical therapist for the screening and detection of suspected statin-induced skeletal muscle myopathy.
Comparison of MPPT Algorithms for DC-DCConverters Based PV Systems (2012)

The comparative study between two most popular algorithms technique which is incremental conductance algorithm and perturbs and observe algorithm. Two different converters buck and boost converter use for comparative in this study. Few comparison such as voltage, current and power output for each different combination has been recorded. MATLAB Simulink tools have been used for performance evaluation on energy point.
Expression pattern of extracellular matrix proteins in the pancreas of various domestic pig breeds, the Goettingen Minipig and the Wild Boar. (1997)

Antibodies with specificity for human extracellular matrix proteins can be used successfully in the porcine pancreas. Thus, analysis of the structure and composition of porcine pancreatic tissue can be performed even without pig-specific antibodies. Particularly, the effects of various proteases and collagenases on the pancreatic tissue can now be monitored by immunohistochemical analysis allowing a rational design of protease mixtures for the isolation of pancreatic islets.
Reentrant Nematic and Injected Smectic Behaviour in Binary Mixtures Including Those of Terminally Non-Polar Compounds (1987)

Abstract Some new examples of injected smectic behaviour for binary mixtures of strong terminally polar mesogens (CBs, PCHs, BCOs, and CCHs) with a range of terminally non-polar esters are presented. Variations in the strength of the injected behaviour are discussed. Examples of S B as well as SA injection occur. Studies of mixtures of terminally non-polar 4,4″-dialkyl-2″-fluoro-p-terphenyls (I) with cyano-substituted mesogens are also described and provide an example of injection of S A and S E phases. Of greater interest is the observation that binary mixtures consisting solely of hom-ologues of (I) can exhibit reentrant nematic behaviour, providing further evidence that reentrant phenomena are not a special feature of terminally polar mesogens and their mixtures. An isomeric mixture of two compounds of structure (I) also gives an interesting case of an injected S c phase, and enhanced S c properties are recorded for other mixtures of homologues of (I). Mixtures involving alkyl/alkoxy analogues of (I) also provide examples of S c phase injection or enhancement, and in one case some evidence for injected SI, behaviour.
Dependability Analysis of Virtual Memory Systems (2006)

Recent research has shown that even modern hard disks have complex failure modes that do not conform to "fail-stop" operation. Disks exhibit partial failures like block access errors and block corruption. Commodity operating systems are required to deal with such failures as commodity hard disks are known to be failure-prone. An important operating system component that is exposed to disk failures is the virtual memory system. In this paper, we examine the failure handling policies of different virtual memory systems for different classes of partial disk errors. We use type and context aware fault injection to explore as many of the internal code paths as possible. From experiments, we find that failure handling policies in current virtual memory systems are at best simplistic, and often inconsistent or even absent. Our fault injection technique also identifies bugs in the failure handling code in these systems. The study identifies possible reasons for poor failure handling, which can help in the design of a failure-aware virtual memory system
Deregulation of keratinocyte differentiation and activation: a hallmark of venous ulcers (2008)

Epidermal morphology of chronic wounds differs from that of normal epidermis. Biopsies of non-healing edges obtained from patients with venous ulcers show thick and hyperproliferative epidermis with mitosis present in suprabasal layers. This epidermis is also hyper-keratotic and parakeratotic. This suggests incomplete activation and differentiation of keratinocytes. To identify molecular changes that lead to pathogenic alterations in keratinocyte activation and differentiation pathways we isolated mRNA from non-healing edges deriving from venous ulcers patients and determined transcriptional profiles using Affymetrix chips. Obtained transcriptional profiles were compared to those from healthy, unwounded skin. As previously indicated by histology, we found deregulation of differentiation and activation markers. We also found differential regulation of signalling molecules that regulate these two processes. Early differentiation markers, keratins K1/K10 and a subset of small proline-rich proteins, along with the late differentiation marker filaggrin were suppressed, whereas late differentiation markers involucrin, transgultaminase 1 and another subset of small proline-rich proteins were induced in ulcers when compared to healthy skin. Surprisingly, desomosomal and tight junction components were also deregulated. Keratinocyte activation markers keratins K6/K16/K17 were induced. We conclude that keratinocytes at the non-healing edges of venous ulcers do not execute either activation or differentiation pathway, resulting in thick callus-like formation at the edge of a venous ulcers.
Optimal selection of natural killer cells to kill myeloma: the role of HLA-E and NKG2A (2015)

Immunotherapy with allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells offers therapeutic perspectives for multiple myeloma patients. Here, we aimed to refine NK cell therapy by evaluation of the relevance of HLA-class I and HLA-E for NK anti-myeloma reactivity. We show that HLA-class I was strongly expressed on the surface of patient-derived myeloma cells and on myeloma cell lines. HLA-E was highly expressed by primary myeloma cells but only marginally by cell lines. HLA-E(low) expression on U266 cells observed in vitro was strongly upregulated after in vivo (bone marrow) growth in RAG-2(-/-) γc(-/-) mice, suggesting that in vitro HLA-E levels poorly predict the in vivo situation. Concurrent analysis of inhibitory receptors (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/3, KIR3DL1 and NKG2A) and NK cell degranulation upon co-culture with myeloma cells revealed that KIR-ligand-mismatched NK cells degranulate more than matched subsets and that HLA-E abrogates degranulation of NKG2A+ subsets. Inhibition by HLA-class I and HLA-E was also observed with IL-2-activated NK cells and at low oxygen levels (0.6 %) mimicking hypoxic bone marrow niches where myeloma cells preferentially reside. Our study demonstrates that NKG2A-negative, KIR-ligand-mismatched NK cells are the most potent subset for clinical application. We envision that infusion of high numbers of this subclass will enhance clinical efficacy.
Impact of Artifactual<i>Ex Vivo</i>Oxidation on Biochemical Research (2015)

Once exposed to the atmosphere all major classes of bio-organic molecules are susceptible to oxidation that they would not normally experience in vivo. Direct reactions with oxygen are spin forbidden, but frequently unavoidable trace quantities of redox-active transition metals are often thermodynamically positioned to facilitate formation of biomolecular radicals and/or formation of superoxide radicals, creating a stream of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that readily damage biomolecules. Generally the degree of damage depends on the availability of O2, concentration of redox active metals, temperature, and the length of exposure above the freezing point of the specimen. Using examples from the biomedical literature, this chapter provides an overview of the ways in which DNA, proteins, and lipids can experience artifactual oxidation ex vivo and the potential impact these reactions may have on the goal(s) of an investigation.
Hypochlorous acid-mediated modification of cholesterol and phospholipid: analysis of reaction products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (1993)

Oxidative modification of membrane lipids by hypochlorous acid could be an important element in the mechanism of membrane disruption by activated neutrophils. We have previously shown that hypochlorous acid reacts with unsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids to give fatty acid chlorohydrins (Winterbourn et al. 1992. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 296: 547-555). In the present study, we examined the reaction of cholesterol in bilayers with an inert phospholipid carrier. Product separation and identification was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after trimethylsilyl-derivatization. Unlike the reaction of hypochlorous acid with unsaturated fatty acids, no chlorohydrin derivatives were found with cholesterol. Instead, the main oxidation products were identified as the epimeric cholesterol 5,6-epoxides and 4-hydroxycholesterol, while several other hydroxy- and keto-derivatives were also found in smaller amounts. Analysis of the products obtained after reaction of vesicles composed of a mixture of several unsaturated phospholipid species plus cholesterol revealed that the individual fatty acids and cholesterol all exhibit comparable susceptibilities toward hypochlorous acid. Using myeloperoxidase to generate hypochlorous acid, basically the same products and product distribution were obtained. These studies show that unsaturated phospholipids and cholesterol can be profoundly modified by reaction with hypochlorous acid. This warrants further investigation to define the role of lipid modifications in neutrophil-mediated membrane disruption.
Influence of growth temperature on critical current and magnetic flux pinning structures in YBa2Cu3O7−x (2007)

We have studied the critical current density (Jc) as a function of applied magnetic field (H) magnitude and orientation for ∼1-μm-thick YBa2Cu3O7−x films grown by pulsed laser deposition at growth temperatures (Tg) from 730to870°C. With changing Tg, alternately a high density of planar defects (YBa2Cu4Ox intergrowths) or columnar defects (Y–Cu–O nanocolumns) are introduced. These defects produce a maximum for Jc(H∼1T) parallel to the plane of the film or the film normal, respectively. For Tg⩾830°C, we present evidence of a Ba–Cu–O liquid phase during growth, which results in a dramatic change in both the microstructure of the films and magnetic field orientation dependence of Jc.
Immunologic Cross-reaction Between Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Pituitary Gonadotropin (1964)

The capacity of human pituitary gonadotropin (NIH-HPG-UE) to absorb antibodies to HCG was measured in 7 experiments utilizing 2 rabbit and 1 sheep anti-HCG preparations. Maximum estimates of the degree of immunologic cross-reaction between NIH-HPG-UE and HCG varied from 34 to 87 % for the different antisera. One minimum estimate was 38%. An “LH-poor” NIHHPG- UE was able to neutralize only 18% of anti-HCG activity. Immunodiffusion in agar gel demonstrated a reaction of partial identity between HCG and LH. It was concluded that a partial immunologic cross-reaction between HPG and HCG exists and that LH is the component of HPG mainly responsible for the cross-reaction. (Endocrinology75: 352, 1964)
A study of intensity of tribochemical contact interaction between a polishing compound and sapphire in machining (2008)

The paper presents the findings of a study of the intensity of tribochemical contact interaction between sapphire (α-Al2O3) and a polishing compound based on colloidal silica SiO2, which occurs in polishing precision electronic and optical components. It has been established that the main factor that intensifies this interaction is the acceleration of a chemical reaction between Al2O3 and SiO2 with increasing contact temperature, which experimentally validates the chemical nature of the tribochemical polishing process and allows a significant reduction of its labor intensity.