gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully decentralized modular approach for parallel converter control (2013)

A completely decentralized solution (real masterless) for parallel converter control is presented. A control module dedicated to each switching cell, communicating with its neighboring modules, is presented in detail. It is able to provide the computation of the common mode duty cycle, the balancing of the leg currents and the proper phase shift for the interleaved carriers of the converter in a decentralized manner. The implementation of a converter using a large number of parallel legs becomes easy because an identical control module is associated with each switching cell and the modules are connected together in a daisy-chain configuration. This approach eliminates the use of a centralized control circuit. It works regardless of the number of legs and provides the ability to add or remove dynamically a leg easily. A characterisation board has been made and demonstrates the validity of the solution. Moreover it shows that, using this modular control approach, a leg of the converter may be add or remove dynamically without any additional control consideration.
The Effects of Sintering on the Photocatalytic Activity of N-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles (2008)

N-Doped titanium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through the hydrolysis of N-substituted titanium isopropoxide precursors and postsynthesis treated by sintering at different temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere and in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the presence of oxygen during the sintering also affects the crystallization of the N-doped TiO2 NPs. The air and N2 sintering produced different nitrogen concentrations and visible-light absorbances. The N-doped TiO2 NPs sintered at 200–250 °C in air for 1/2 h produced the best photocatalytic nanoparticles for visible-light decomposition of methylene blue in water. On the other hand, sintering in N2 atmosphere at any temperature provided photocatalysts with about half-the activity for visible-light decomposition of methylene blue compared to the air-sintered NPs. The zeta potential of the N-doped TiO2 NPs solution used in the photocatalytic tests shows that higher sintering temperatures create more negative charges on the NP surface and that the sintering in air creates more negative charges compared to the treatment in N2, due to the carboxylation of organic surface residues. Computational and ATR-FTIR results indicate that the doping of the nitrogen into the matrix occurs as a complexation between the Ti central metal ion and the N atom and not from a covalent Ti−N bond.
Global growth of open access networks (2003)

This paper discusses the evolution of W-LAN starting from the mere extension of LAN services indoors, through the widespread diffusion of outdoors coverage with free and often un-authorized access, to the business models supporting their evolution to public coverage HotSpots. Besides, the idea of Open Access Networks (OANs) going beyond wireless HotSpots to become a shared access infrastructure fostering service operators competition is introduced and discussed.The concept of Open Access Networks (OAN) is detailed, highlighting its difference with the more traditional model of vertical integration of the access network into the global service. Arguing on OANs development, it is shown how to support the quick and smooth evolution of the infrastructure toward a widespread and reliable communication support. References to existing projects, starting from StockholmOpen.net and Wilma are given.Business models are discussed by mentioning the different actors, the market organization and different organization forms.The final part of the paper is devoted to technical challenges such as access control, security, privacy, roaming, resource exploitation and service differentiation.
Ambulatory pediatric otolaryngologic procedures in the United States: Characteristics and perioperative safety (2010)

Pediatric otolaryngologic surgery is not only common but very safe in the ambulatory setting, with relatively minor complications occurring at rates of approximating 1%. Life-threatening complications are exceedingly rare. Ambulatory tonsillectomy in children younger than 4 years requires careful selection.
Chimeric Adeno-Associated Virus/Antisense U1 Small Nuclear RNA Effectively Rescues Dystrophin Synthesis and Muscle Function by Local Treatment of <i>mdx</i> Mice (2006)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a X-linked myopathy in which deletions and point mutations in the dystrophin gene abolish dystrophin expression. The defect can often be corrected at the posttranscriptional level by exon skipping. In an animal model of DMD, the mdx mouse, a point mutation in exon 23 of the dystrophin gene introduces a premature stop codon. Skipping of this exon reestablishes the open reading frame in the dystrophin mRNA. We have obtained persistent exon skipping in mdx mice by local muscle injection of AAV vectors expressing antisense sequences fused to either U1 or U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). In the transduced muscles, dystrophin expression, amelioration of muscle morphology, and significant force recovery were obtained. These data indicate that the expression of antisense snRNAs, combined with their efficient muscular delivery through AAV vectors, is a powerful strategy for the therapeutic treatment of DMD. Like U7 snRNA, spliceosomal U1 snRNA is also a suitable backbone for the expression of antisense molecules active in exon skipping.
Preoperative assessment and evaluation of instrumentation strategies for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: computer simulation and optimization (2012)

Instrumentation configurations can be optimized with respect to a given set of correction objectives.
Glomerular Filtration Rate is Increased in Man by the Infusion of Both<scp>d,l</scp>-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Sodium<scp>d,l</scp>-3-Hydroxybutyrate<sup>*</sup> (1987)

A high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is often found early in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It has been suggested that high circulating glucose, glucagon, and GH levels could play a role in this increase in GFR. On the other hand, patients with IDDM in poor metabolic control also have high circulating ketone body levels. This study was undertaken to determine whether exogenous D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid at two infusion rates (40 and 30 mumol kg-1 min-1) for 180 min altered renal plasma flow (RPF), GFR, and the excretion rate of total protein, beta 2-microglobulin, and albumin in 11 normal (N) subjects and 11 IDDM patients in whom euglycemia was achieved and maintained using the insulin-glucose clamp technique. RPF and GFR were measured by a priming-continuous infusion of [125I]hippurate and [51Cr]EDTA, respectively. The 40 mumol kg-1 min-1 D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion increased RPF and GFR in both N and IDDM subjects. Mean RPF increased from 588 +/- 78 (+/- SD) to 706 +/- 129 mL min-1 1.73 m-2 in N and from 671 +/- 101 to 781 +/- 99 in IDDM. GFR increased from 121 +/- 11 to 151 +/- 15 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 in N and from 136 +/- 11 to 191 +/- 16 in IDDM. The filtration fraction also was significantly higher in IDDM than in N during the D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion. The 30 mumol kg-1 min-1 D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion increased RPF and GFR to a somewhat lesser extent in both groups. D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusions increased the tubular reabsorption rate of ketone bodies and sodium. The increase in tubular sodium reabsorption rate was correlated significantly to that in the tubular ketone body reabsorption rate. A significant decrease in urinary pH was found during the D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion. D,L-3-Hydroxybutyrate sodium salt (30 mumol kg-1 min-1) also was infused in 5 of the 11 diabetic patients. A similar increase in GFR and RPF occurred. Both total protein and beta 2-microglobulin, but not albumin, excretion rates increased during D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid (40 mumol kg-1 min-1) infusion in N and IDDM subjects. D,L-3-Hydroxybutyric acid infusion did not change plasma glucagon, GH, or renin activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Antitumor activity of pimasertib, a selective MEK 1/2 inhibitor, in combination with PI3K/mTOR inhibitors or with multi‐targeted kinase inhibitors in pimasertib‐resistant human lung and colorectal cancer cells (2013)

The RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are key regulators of proliferation and survival in human cancer cells. Selective inhibitors of different transducer molecules in these pathways have been developed as molecular targeted anti-cancer therapies. The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of pimasertib, a selective MEK 1/2 inhibitor, alone or in combination with a PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki), a mTOR inhibitor (everolimus), or with multi-targeted kinase inhibitors (sorafenib and regorafenib), that block also BRAF and CRAF, were tested in a panel of eight human lung and colon cancer cell lines. Following pimasertib treatment, cancer cell lines were classified as pimasertib-sensitive (IC50 for cell growth inhibition of 0.001 µM) or pimasertib-resistant. Evaluation of basal gene expression profiles by microarrays identified several genes that were up-regulated in pimasertib-resistant cancer cells and that were involved in both RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK and PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Therefore, a series of combination experiments with pimasertib and either PI3Ki, everolimus, sorafenib or regorafenib were conducted, demonstrating a synergistic effect in cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis with sustained blockade in MAPK- and AKT-dependent signaling pathways in pimasertib-resistant human colon carcinoma (HCT15) and lung adenocarcinoma (H1975) cells. Finally, in nude mice bearing established HCT15 and H1975 subcutaneous tumor xenografts, the combined treatment with pimasertib and BEZ235 (a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) or with sorafenib caused significant tumor growth delays and increase in mice survival as compared to single agent treatment. These results suggest that dual blockade of MAPK and PI3K pathways could overcome intrinsic resistance to MEK inhibition.
Occlusion adaptive motion snake (2002)

In this paper, we propose a novel technique for tracking the visible boundary of an object in an image sequence in the presence of occlusion. The proposed technique is based on a piecewise prediction and tracking scheme in which local motion and color information on both sides of the boundary are employed. The piecewise nature of the prediction scheme allows for determining if and where the tracked boundary is occluded by another object. Novel snake energy terms are also introduced to facilitate accurate snapping of the predicted boundary to the actual one in a subsequent frame. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed occlusion detection algorithm and the novel snake energy terms.
Influence Functions of Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Estimators (1991)

Abstract The iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm is routinely employed to evaluate robust regression estimates. The importance of beginning the algorithm with a robust estimator of the unknown parameters is often stressed. The precise influence of the initial estimator on subsequent iterates or the limit of such estimators, however, does not seem to have been calculated previously. Because robust regression involves the downweighting of specific points having large rescaled residuals and/or large leverages in the design space, it is natural to think in terms of the weights themselves, rather than some less intuitive function such as the η function of generalized M estimators. Therefore, we consider multiple linear regression by the method of weighted least squares, where the weights are estimated quantities depending on both position in the design space and the residual relative to an initial regression estimator. The influence function of the weighted least squares estimator is shown to depend both on the weights and on the influence function of the initial estimator. When the weights are iteratively reestimated, convergence of the corresponding estimates and their influence functions depends on the magnitude of the iteration derivative, which is the derivative of the k + 1st iterate with respect to the kth iterate. Conditions are given on the weights for such convergence and for boundedness of the limiting influence function. For the class of generalized M estimators, the influence function of the k + 1st iterate is shown to be a convex matrix mixture of the influence functions of the kth iterate and the fully iterated M estimate. A brief numerical study for Huber M estimators suggests that the iteration derivative determines not only the speed of convergence of the sequence of influence functions corresponding to iterated reweighted least squares but the speed of convergence of the iterated estimates themselves.
Thermoreversible Gels of Polyaniline:  Viscoelastic and Electrical Evidence on Fusible Network Structures (1997)

We demonstrate thermoreversible gelation of a conductive polymer, i.e., rubber-like melt processible electrically conducting compounds. Combination of viscoelastic and electrical conductivity measurements suggests network formation in the gel state and gel melting at elevated temperatures. The gels have been prepared by dissolving polyaniline in dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) using formic acid as a processing medium which was removed at the end. Importantly, without formic acid, reversible gelation and particle-free materials were not achieved even at the resolution of optical microscopy. For T < Tgel the materials behave elastically in compression experiments, the storage and loss moduli do not depend much on frequency, and the electrical conductivity is primarily electronic, probably due to high chain-to-chain hopping conductivity. For T > Tgel the onset of liquid-like flow is detected using modified ball drop method by dynamic mechanical analysis, the dynamic moduli become strongly frequency dependent, and the electrical conductivity drops orders of magnitude to the value corresponding to the ionic conductivity of DBSA, suggesting that the chains are not in direct contact. The physical cross-links are probably localized mesomorphic domains which allow melting.
Seismic inversion and modeling for porosity detection (1997)

The inversion of seismic reflection data to acoustic impedance rock property data presents opportunities for improved interpretation leading to a significant reduction of risk in exploration and development drilling. While the traditional seismic section represents boundaries between impedance contrasts, seismic inversion output is layer-based, representing pseudo acoustic impedance logs at each common mid-point (CMP). The earth is correctly represented as a complex of geologic layers, and in this form, is immediately recognizable to both geophysicists and geologists. Modern inversion methods also incorporate wave shaping techniques in the inversion process. This facilitates both a correction to zero phase and the estimation and removal of wavelet sidelobes. The result is a reduction in tuning effects, and improved resolution. This, in turn, results in an enhanced interpretation and more accurate quantification of reservoir properties.
Randomized metric induction and evolutionary conceptual clustering for semantic knowledge bases (2007)

We present an evolutionary clustering method which can be applied to multi-relational knowledge bases storing semantic resource annotations expressed in the standard languages for the Semantic Web. The method exploits an effective and language-independent semi-distance measure defined for the space of individual resources, that is based on a finite number of dimensions corresponding to a committee of features represented by a group of concept descriptions (discriminating features). We show how to obtain a maximally discriminating group of features through a feature construction method based on genetic programming. The algorithm represents the possible clusterings as strings of central elements (medoids, w.r.t. the given metric) of variable length. Hence, the number of clusters is not needed as a parameter since the method can optimize it by means of the mutation operators and of a proper fitness function. We also show how to assign each cluster with a newly constructed intensional definition in the employed concept language. An experimentation with some ontologies proves the feasibility of our method and its effectiveness in terms of clustering validity indices.
INFRA-RED RADIATION FOR FOOD PROCESSING. I: A STUDY OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF INFRA-RED RADIATION (1979)

Infra-red radiation for food processing. : 1. A study of the fundamental properties of infra-red radiation.
Catalyzed gas‐liquid reactions in trickling‐bed reactors (1957)

Abstract Kinetic studies were made in a differential flow reactor of the hydogenation of α‐methyl‐styrene with the liquid trickling over a bed of catalyst pellets countercurrent to a stream of hydrogen. The catalysts consisted of palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, and nickel supported on the external surfaces of aluminal pellets. With palladium at pressures above 3 atm. the apparent rate‐controlling step was a surface reaction between dissociated hydrogen and α‐methylstyrene both adsorbed on different type of active sites. Below 3 atm. pressure the reactants competed for similar active sites. With platinum the apparent rate‐controlling step was a surface reaction between dissociated hydrogen and α‐methylstyrene on similar active sites. Rhodium and nickel catalyzed the polymerization α‐methylstyrene together with slow hydrogenation. Ruthenium had negligible activity for catalyzing the hydrogenation under the moderate conditions used in this work. In all cases mass transfer resistances were negligible.
Stoichiometry of the renal sodium-L-lactate cotransporter. (1988)

We re-examined the electrical and stoichiometric properties of the Na+-L-lactate cotransporter using highly purified brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from the whole cortex of rabbit kidney. A valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potential (interior-negative) stimulated Na+ gradient-dependent L-lactate uptake. However, this stimulation reflected catalytic rather than energetic activation as an inside-negative membrane potential did not induce net uphill lactate accumulation in the presence of Na+ but in the absence of a Na+ concentration gradient. Additional evidence for electroneutrality of the cotransporter was the finding that, under voltage-clamped conditions, L-lactate flux was a hyperbolic function of extravesicular Na+ concentration with a Hill coefficient (n) of 1.0. Moreover, the plot of V/[Na+]n versus V was linear for n = 1, indicating that one Na+ ion is co-transported with an anionic lactate1- molecule. Finally, addition of L-lactate to vesicles under Na+ equilibrium conditions failed to generate an inside-positive membrane potential as monitored by 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide fluorescence quenching, arguing against Na+-L-lactate cotransport by an electrogenic process. Taken together, these data indicate that the luminal Na+-L-lactate co-transporter is electroneutral with a stoichiometry of 1.
Reduction of the surface recombination current in InGaAs/InP pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistors using a thin InP passivation layer (1989)

In an InGaAs/InP pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistor (PHBT) with InP passivation, regions from the emitter mesa edge to the base contact are protected by a thin InP barrier layer. By using such a passivation, the surface recombination current is effectively suppressed. The DC current gain obtained for such a PHBT is as high as 455, compared to a maximum value of 240 for a normally passivated PHBT. The current gain is also found to be independent of the perimeter-to-area ratio of the emitter mesa as a result of the passivation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical Properties of Porous-Matrix Ceramic Composites (2001)

The use of porous matrices to enable damage tolerance in ceramic composites has emerged as a new paradigm in high performance materials. This paradigm obviates the need for fiber coatings for the purpose of crack deflection, thereby providing opportunities for lower cost manufacturing relative to that of conventional coated-fiber systems. Furthermore, upon selection of all-oxide constituents, the prospect for meeting the long-term durability requirements of high-temperature components for future gas turbine engine technologies becomes realizable. This article reviews the mechanical properties of this class of all-oxide composite. The properties of interest include the in-plane strength and notch-sensitivity subject to both fiber- and matrix-dominated loadings, and interlaminar strength. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the porous matrix in each of these properties. Finally, the issue of the stability of the matrix microstructure following prolonged exposure at elevated temperature is addressed and its role in maintaining desirable mechanical properties is demonstrated.
A visible-light-activated rhodium complex in enantioselective conjugate addition of α-amino radicals with Michael acceptors (2017)

We report an efficient enantioselective conjugate addition of photogenerated α-amino radicals to Michael acceptors catalyzed by a newly prepared chiral-at-metal rhodium complex. This protocol shows that a single Rh(iii) complex can serve not only as a Lewis acid but also as a photoredox catalyst to control the stereoselectivity during the bond formation.
Holographically steered millimeter wave antennas (1980)

A class of dynamic holographically addressed millimeter wave antennas becomes possible by combining the principle of holography with the notion of microwave transparency produced by excess carrier generation in semiconductor panels or preferably by reflectivity modulation of an interferometric structure consisting of a dielectric air gap metal structure. The theory of operation of the holographically addressed antenna is presented together with a discussion of possible methods for its implementation. The advantages of using a microwave Kinoform for this purpose are also pointed out.
Kinetic Investigation of Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Formation via Perfusion‐Based Frontal Photopolymerization: Influence of Free‐Radical Polymerization Conditions on Frontal Velocity and Swelling Gradients (2013)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels are extensively used as scaffolds in tissue engineering. The ability to spatially control hydrogel properties is critical for designing scaffolds that direct cell behavior and tissue regeneration. To this end, we have recently developed a polymerization technique, perfusion‐based frontal photopolymerization, to generate tunable gradients in PEG hydrogels. This study explores the effects of polymerization conditions on the velocity of the propagating front and its influence on gradients in hydrogel swelling. Alterations in photoinitiator perfusion rate result in the largest variations in frontal velocity and in the magnitude of the swelling gradient among all polymerization conditions investigated. magnified image
Electron transport and defect structure in highly conducting reactively sputtered ultrathin tin oxide films (2014)

Electrical conduction behavior of ultrathin (5–110 nm) SnO2 films reactively sputtered at 150–400 °C substrate temperatures is presented. The surface roughness studies revealed that the films with lower thickness were smoother (≤0.6 nm). Stoichiometry/defect structure of the films obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and electron mobility are found to be dependent on film thickness and substrate temperature. The observed increase in conductivity of semi-metallic films with decrease in film thickness is attributed to changes in defect structure and surface roughness. Highest value of conductivity of about 715 Ω−1 cm−1 is obtained for 5 nm thick films deposited at 300 °C.