gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I study of picoplatin and docetaxel (D) with prednisone (P) in patients (pts) with chemotherapy-naive metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) (2007)

15546 Background: Picoplatin is a sterically hindered platinum analogue specifically developed to overcome platinum resistance and to improve on the safety and efficacy of other platinum-based drugs. In >600 pts, picoplatin had single-agent activity in prostate, lung, ovarian and other malignancies with rare clinically significant nephro-, oto-, or neurotoxicity (∼2% grade 3 and 0% grade 4), even in platinum pretreated pts. An objective response rate of 20% and a PSA response rate of 25% were observed following 120 mg/m 2 picoplatin q 3 wk in 20 chemotherapy-naïve pts with HRPC. D + P leads to superior survival, increased PSA response and improved quality of life in HRPC pts. Picoplatin has demonstrated synergy with taxanes in pre-clinical studies. Thus the current study is designed to investigate D + P + picoplatin in chemotherapy-naïve pts with metastatic HRPC. Methods: Pts with documented progression of metastatic disease during adequate hormonal therapy, ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 and preserved organ function received D, 60 mg/m 2 q 3 wks + P, 5 mg, po bid + picoplatin. Picoplatin has been given to date to sequential cohorts of subjects at 60 mg/m 2 , 80 mg/m 2 and 100 mg/m 2 . Results: 16 pts have been enrolled and have received up to 8 cycles of therapy. Therapy has been well tolerated. No dose limiting toxicity has been observed. Dose reduction for thrombocytopenia has been required in 1 pt, but there has been no cumulative myelotoxity. 7 pts in the first 3 dose cohorts have been evaluated for efficacy after 4 cycles (12 weeks): at doses below the maximum tolerated dose, there were 3 PSA responses and 1 objective partial response. Dose escalation continues. Conclusion: Picoplatin can be safely administered with D + P in chemo-naïve pts with HRPC. A phase 2 study of this combination will begin when an optimal, safe dose is defined. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Comeback for Gene Therapy (2009)

A lentivirus was used as a vector in hemato-poietic stem cells to treat a neurodegenerative disease in a clinical gene therapy trial.
Using Microwave Backhaul Links to Optimize the Performance of Algorithms for Rainfall Estimation and Attenuation Correction (2014)

Abstract The variability in raindrop size distributions and attenuation effects are the two major sources of uncertainty in radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) even when dual-polarization radars are used. New methods are introduced to exploit the measurements by commercial microwave radio links to reduce the uncertainties in both attenuation correction and rainfall estimation. The ratio α of specific attenuation A and specific differential phase KDP is the key parameter used in attenuation correction schemes and the recently introduced R(A) algorithm. It is demonstrated that the factor α can be optimized using microwave links at Ku band oriented along radar radials with an accuracy of about 20%–30%. The microwave links with arbitrary orientation can be utilized to optimize the intercepts in the R(KDP) and R(A) relations with an accuracy of about 25%. The performance of the suggested methods is tested using the polarimetric C-band radar operated by the German Weather Service on Mount Hohenpeissenberg in southern Germany and two radially oriented Ku-band microwave links from Ericsson GmbH.
How I Nearly Became a Terrorist (2005)

My political radicalism was a by-product of growing up in South Africa—of the liberalism of my mother and the communist leanings of my father. South Africa in the 1950s and 1960s was a strange and terrible place. Young white people like me lived in a world of privilege, wealth, and advantage. The extent of our advantage was most evident in the disadvantage of the non-white South African people (Black Africans, Coloureds, and Indians), who vastly outnumbered and surrounded us in every aspect of our daily lives. Our homes had servants who lived in servant quarters in the backyards. Some homes had one servant, some had three and four. Few white homes had none. Servants prepared our food, made our beds each morning, polished our shoes each day, and tended our parents' gardens. In affluent homes, they served us our meals, and we could, as teenagers returned from school, call to one or another of the servants to bring our lunch or a cup of tea.
Relationship between soil and dust lead in a lead mining area and blood lead levels. (1998)

Soil lead related to mining operations plays a significant role in contributing to blood lead levels in children.
Thermal Fatigue and Failure Analysis of SnAgCu Solder Alloys With Minor Pb Additions (2011)

The thermal fatigue performances of Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">98.5</sub> Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.0</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> (SAC105), Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">97.5</sub> Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.0</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> (SAC205), Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">96.5</sub> Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3.0</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> (SAC305) and Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">95.5</sub> Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.0</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> (SAC405) solder alloys with Pb terminations were investigated by accelerated temperature cycling with and without thermal preconditioning. The performance of the SAC alloys was compared to eutectic SnPb and aged SAC alloys. The test vehicle consists of commercial 2512 ceramic chip resistors soldered to printed wiring boards using the different solder alloy compositions. The solder joints were monitored continuously during a thermal cycle of 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C -100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C with a ramp rate of 9 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C/min and a 30 min dwell between temperature extremes. Failures were defined in accordance with the IPC-9701 A industry test guidelines and failure data are reported as characteristic life η (number of cycles to 63.2% failure) from a two-parameter Weibull distribution. The microstructural evolution was characterized using metallographic techniques and back-scattered scanning electron microscopy. The findings show that the lifetime of the alloys can be ranked as follows: SAC 305 ~ SAC 405 >; SAC 205 >; SAC 105 >; SAC305 aged >; SAC 105 aged >; SnPb and to determine mechanisms of failure, electron microscopy analysis and fractography were performed on post-cycled components.
Mouse-chick chimera: a developmental model of murine neurogenic cells (1997)

Chimeras were prepared by transplanting fragments of neural primordium from 8- to 8.5- and 9-day postcoital mouse embryos into 1.5- and 2-day-old chick embryos at different axial levels. Mouse neuroepithelial cells differentiated in ovo and organized to form the different cellular compartments normally constituting the central nervous system. The graft also entered into the development of the peripheral nervous system through migration of neural crest cells associated with mouse neuroepithelium. Depending on the graft level, mouse crest cells participated in the formation of various derivatives such as head components, sensory ganglia, orthosympathetic ganglionic chain, nerves and neuroendocrine glands. Tenascin knockout mice, which express lacZ instead of tenascin and show no tenascin production (Saga, Y., Yagi, J., Ikawa, Y., Sakakura, T. and Aizawa, S. (1992) Genes and Development 6, 1821-1838), were specifically used to label Schwann cells lining nerves derived from the implant. Although our experiments do not consider how mouse neural tube can participate in the mechanism required to maintain myogenesis in the host somites, they show that the grafted neural tube behaves in the same manner as the chick host neural tube. Together with our previous results on somite development (Fontaine-Pérus, J., Jarno, V., Fournier Le Ray, C., Li, Z. and Paulin, D. (1995) Development 121, 1705-1718), this study shows that chick embryo constitutes a privileged environment, facilitating access to the developmental potentials of normal or defective mammalian cells. It allows the study of the histogenesis and precise timing of a known structure, as well as the implication of a given gene at all equivalent mammalian embryonic stages.
Association between preterm labour and pelvic floor muscle function (2018)

We hypothesised that the pressure on the cervix increases with advancing gestation and it may lead to a cervical shortening and cause preterm labour in women with weak pelvic floor muscles. The aim of this prospective study was to measure vaginal resting pressure and pelvic floor muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy and to investigate their effects on labour. A study was conducted on the pregnant women with a low risk for preterm birth. The pelvic floor muscle strength and vaginal resting pressure were assessed in 320 pregnant women at their first trimester with a vaginal pressure measurement device. Fifty-two pregnant women were hospitalised for tocolytic therapy because of spontaneous preterm labour. Thirty-two of them (10.2%) had a preterm delivery despite the tocolytic therapy. Both the vaginal resting pressure (p = .009, 95%CI: 0.8; 5.9) and the pelvic floor muscle strength (p = .01, 95%CI: 3.5; 13.1) were significantly lower in the women with a preterm labour. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? The pelvic floor muscles have an essential role in continence and provide support to the pelvic organs. They also have an impact on labour. The pelvic floor muscles should distend to allow the passage of the foetus during labour. The rotation and flexion of the foetal head is due to the pelvic floor resistance. The effect of a vaginal birth on the pelvic floor's function is readily understood. On the other hand, the effect of the pelvic floor muscle function on labour is still controversial. What do the results of this study add? This prospective study showed that there is a negative association between the pelvic floor muscle strength and preterm labour. This is the first clinical study indicating that weak pelvic floor muscles may cause a preterm labour. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Pelvic floor physical therapy may be an alternative preventive strategy to reduce the risk of a spontaneous preterm birth.
A Solution to Remote Detecting of Illegal Electricity Usage Based on Smart Metering (2007)

Power line carrier communication presents new area for automatic meter reading, by equipped energy meter with power line system all user connect each other with this communication method, Smart metering uses all potential of this communication channel to presents new service in low voltage distribution grid, by installing smart meter detection system for detect illegal usage of electricity may be easily added to distribution network, in this method by sending test signal at high frequency in network, software calculates line impedance that connect each two energy meters, by comparing the data that related to installation time with other times data, system can find and locate place of illegal usage of electricity.
The acoustics of coughing (2002)

Coughing is a reflex‐generated perturbation of the respiratory function and an important clinical symptom in many respiratory diseases. The information contained in the cough‐sound is limited due to the lack of an understanding of the origin of the cough sound. This thesis focuses on (1) automated interpretation, (2) quantification, and (3) sound‐production. “ In vivo ” coughing was registered from individual animal (domestic pig Sus Scrofa ) and human subjects in normal and pathological respiratory health conditions. The cough‐sound is mathematically presented in the frequency domain. Clustering of the mean spectral features results in automated subject‐independent cough‐sound‐recognition. In addition normal and pathological cough‐sounds are distinct for both species. Therefore the simple and noninvasive nature of acquiring information using free field cough‐sound‐registration makes sound analysis attractive for on‐line follow‐up and clinical diagnosis. The vibratory activity of the vocal folds is known to be an important issue in sound production. A three‐phase pattern is shown to be a generic cough‐feature. A global fundamental frequency was determined. Modeling the acoustic cough waveform aims to parametrize the cough‐sound‐signal for analysis and physical interpretation. Cough formant frequencies are estimated from the model parameters. A first physical interpretation in terms of a concatenate tube model of the vocal tract is presented. All investigated issues, either parametric or nonparametric, show evidence that the cough‐sound character is related to the state of both the supra‐ and subglottal respiratory system. This finding physically and objectively motivates the statement the “cough‐sound is a lung‐sound.”
Fabrication of subwavelength metallic structures by using a metal direct imprinting process (2007)

This work employs a metal direct imprinting process, which possesses the characteristics of simplicity, low-cost and high resolution, for the fabrication of subwavelength structures on a metallic thin film. Herein, the mould featuring periodic line structures is manufactured by using E-beam lithography and followed by a dry etching process; meanwhile, the thin film is fabricated by sputtering Al on a silicon substrate. AFM section analyses are employed to measure imprinting depths of the subwavelength metallic structures and it is found that the uniformity of the imprinting depths is affected by the designed patterns, the material property of thin film and mould deformation. The process temperature and the mould filling that influence the transferred quality are investigated. In addition, TEM is also utilized to examine defects in the subwavelength metallic structures. Finally, good quality subwavelength metallic structures are fabricated under a pressure of 300 MPa for 60 s at room temperature. In this study, we have demonstrated that subwavelength metallic structures with a minimum linewidth of less than 100 nm on the Al thin film are successfully constructed by the metal direct imprinting process.
Evaluation of JFTOT Tube Deposits by Carbon Burnoff (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester (JFTOT) is universally used to measure high temperature stability of aviation turbine fuels, which are pass or fail rated according to the amount of deposit formed on the heater tube, assessed by an optical reflectance method. A new quantitative tube rating method has been developed, in which the weight of deposit is determined by carbon burnoff. When applied to a series of test fuels, reasonable repeatability of results was obtained; it was also found that the magnitude of deposits at a given temperature varied with the type of fuel under test.</div>
PEGylated Liposomes Loading Palmitoyl Prednisolone for Prolonged Blood Concentration of Prednisolone (2006)

We investigated the pharmacokinetic behavior of palmitoyl prednisolone (Pal-PLS) and its liposomes with L-alpha-distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (Chol) with or without L-alpha-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol 2000 (DSPE-PEG 2000) after their intravenous administration in rats. Pal-PLS rapidly disappeared from the systemic circulation and prednisolone (PLS) was regenerated after the administration of DSPC/Chol liposomes. PEGylated liposomes including DSPE-PEG 2000, however, successfully maintained high blood concentrations of Pal-PLS and PLS. The blood profiles of drugs after the administration of liposomal Pal-PLS were analyzed according to a two-compartment model. The larger content of DSPE-PEG 2000 in DSPC/Chol liposomes showed a lower first order elimination rate constant from the central compartment (K(el)) and clearance (CL). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of Pal-PLS and PLS in PEGylated liposomes was larger than DSPC/Chol liposomes. The mean resident time (MRT) of Pal-PLS and PLS was also prolonged by PEGylated liposomes. Although DSPC/Chol liposomes showed a high distribution of Pal-PLS in the liver and spleen, PEGylated liposomes significantly decreased the liver distribution of Pal-PLS. The biliary and urinary excretions of drugs for 240 min after drug administration were less than 1% of the administrated dose in any formulations. In conclusion, PEGylated liposomes, including Pal-PLS, are useful for maintain the PLS concentration in the blood after intravenous administration.
Using DelPhi Capabilities to Mimic Protein’s Conformational Reorganization with Amino Acid Specific Dielectric Constants (2013)

Many molecular events are associated with small or large conformational changes occurring in the corresponding proteins. Modeling such changes is a challenge and requires significant amount of computing time. From point of view of electrostatics, these changes can be viewed as a reorganization of local charges and dipoles in response to the changes of the electrostatic field, if the cause is insertion or deletion of a charged amino acid. Here we report a large scale investigation of modeling the changes of the folding energy due to single mutations involving charged group. This allows the changes of the folding energy to be considered mostly electrostatics in origin and to be calculated with DelPhi assigning residue-specific value of the internal dielectric constant of protein. The predicted energy changes are benchmarked against experimentally measured changes of the folding energy on a set of 257 single mutations. The best fit between experimental values and predicted changes is used to find out the effective value of the internal dielectric constant for each type of amino acid. The predicted folding free energy changes with the optimal, amino acid specific, dielectric constants are within RMSD=0.86 kcal/mol from experimentally measured changes.
Crowdsourcing What Is Where: Community-Contributed Photos as Volunteered Geographic Information (2010)

Leveraging large collections of georeferenced, community-contributed photographs can help solve three knowledge-discovery problems: annotating novel images, annotating geographic locations, and performing geographic discovery.
Photoreduction of Triphenylmethane Dyes in the Bound State<sup>1a,b</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreduction of Triphenylmethane Dyes in the Bound State1a,bGerald Oster and Judith S. BellinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 2, 294–298Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01559a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01559a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A general recursive discrete-time filter (1993)

A reference probability is explicitly constructed under which the signal and observation processes are independent. A simple, explicit recursive form is then obtained for the conditional density of the signal given the observations. Both non-linear and linear filters are considered, as well as two different information patterns.
ATP released together with acetylcholine as the mediator of neuromuscular depression at frog motor nerve endings. (1994)

1. The hypothesis that ATP released by presynaptic stimulation is hydrolysed to adenosine and mediates prejunctional neuromuscular depression was tested at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions. Electrophysiological recordings of evoked acetylcholine (ACh) release and perineural ionic currents at motor nerve endings were made using the frog cutaneous pectoris nerve-muscle preparation. Either tubocurarine or alpha-bungarotoxin was used to block muscle contractions. 2. Either alpha,beta-methylene ADP (which inhibits ecto-5'nucleotidases and thus prevents the degradation of ATP to adenosine) or selective adenosine receptor antagonists (8-cyclo-pentyl alkyl xanthines) prevented the inhibitory effects of exogenous ATP on ACh release in response to low-frequency nerve stimulation. These results confirm earlier findings that ATP must be hydrolysed to adenosine to inhibit ACh release. 3. The presence of alpha,beta-methylene ADP completely prevented neuromuscular depression in response to repetitive high-frequency nerve stimulation (0.5-1 Hz). alpha,beta-Methylene ADP had no effect on ACh secretion under conditions where ACh release is well maintained (low-frequency stimulation, 0.05 Hz). 4. Selective adenosine receptor antagonists completely eliminated neuromuscular depression produced by repetitive high-frequency nerve stimulation (1.0 Hz) but had no effect on ACh release at low frequencies of stimulation (0.05 Hz). 5. Exogenous adenosine deaminase (5 i.u. ml-1), which degrades adenosine to its inactive nucleoside inosine, also eliminated neuromuscular depression but had no significant effect on ACh release at frequencies of nerve stimulation too low to produce prejunctional depression. 6. During maximal neuromuscular depression, the effects of exogenous adenosine or 2-chloroadenosine, an adenosine agonist, were occluded. 7. The calcium-sensitive component of perineurial recordings of motor nerve terminal currents did not change during depression or during application of adenosine receptor antagonists and adenosine deaminase, suggesting that neuromuscular depression in this species was not associated with changes in presynaptic Ca2+ currents. 8. These results suggest that, under the conditions of these experiments, endogenous ATP, after hydrolysis to adenosine, causes prejunctional neuromuscular depression. This inhibitory effect of endogenous adenosine occurs at a site distal to the locus of Ca2+ entry in the frog.