gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dislocations Caused by Chain Ends in Crystalline Polymers (1966)

The molecular arrangement in the immediate vicinity of a chain end in a crystalline polymer such as 66 nylon is considered. It is shown that four simple kinds of line defect can be generated by such a chain end. One of these, called a coupled-screw dislocation, is unique to long chain structures and has not been proposed before. The remaining three are (1) vacant chain site or coupled-edge dislocation, (2) and (3) the more conventional screw and edge dislocations. These dislocations run from one chain end to another and create a three-dimensional defect network, possibly explaining the anomaly of weak x-ray diffraction intensity from (010) planes. If the ends are randomly distributed, the network may disorder the structure sufficiently to make it appear ``amorphous'' to x rays. When sufficient segmental mobility exists, it is probable that this network will rearrange itself into a more ordered substructure of lower energy. Such a substructure might include: (a) clusters of chain ends and associated defects, (b) chain ends which are condensed into line defects, (c) boundaries between adjacent misaligned crystalline regions.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Induces Specific Hyperphosphorylation of the Carboxyl-Terminal Domain of the Large Subunit of RNA Polymerase II That Is Associated with Changes in the Abundance, Activity, and Localization of cdk9 and cdk7 (2005)

Human cytomegalovirus infection in the presence of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor roscovitine leads to changes in differential splicing and the polyadenylation of immediate early IE1/IE2 and UL37 transcripts (V. Sanchez, A. K. McElroy, J. Yen, S. Tamrakar, C. L. Clark, R. A. Schwartz, and D. H. Spector, J. Virol. 78:11219-11232, 2004). To determine if this was associated with specific phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) large subunit by cdk7/cyclin H and cdk9/cyclin T1, we examined the expression and localization of these kinases and the various phosphorylated forms of RNAP II. Infection resulted in increased RNAP II CTD phosphorylated on serines 2 and 5 and increased levels of activity of cdk7 and cdk9. At early times, cdk9 localizes with input viral DNA, and aggregates of cdk9 and cdk7 and a subset of Ser2-phosphorylated RNAP II colocalize with IE1/IE2 proteins adjacent to promyelocytic leukemia protein oncogenic domains. Later, cdk9 and Ser2-phosphorylated RNAP II form a nuclear punctate pattern; cdk7 resides in replication centers, and Ser5-phosphorylated RNAP II clusters at the peripheries of replication centers. Roscovitine treatment leads to decreased levels of hyperphosphorylated RNAP II (RNAP IIo) in infected cells and of hypophosphorylated RNAP II in mock-infected and infected cells. The RNAP IIo decrease does not occur if roscovitine is added 8 h postinfection, as was previously observed for processing of IE transcripts. These results suggest that accurate IE gene expression requires specific phosphorylation of the RNAP II CTD early in infection.
Light-weight transportable 2.4-meter tri-band antenna system for commercial and military satellites (2002)

An essential element of rapid response to contingencies is the ability to quickly establish satellite communications with the deployed forces. The contingency environment embodies factors such as little or no warning, a short response time, high visibility and small tolerance for failure. A key to success under these conditions is the ability for rapid transportation and installation of reliable communications services. This paper discusses the performance of a commercial, transportable tri-band satellite antenna system designed and constructed for short assembly times. The system consists of a model 62A-6 light-weight, tri-band antenna system that supports Intelsat and DSCS operation over the SHF frequency spectrum. The 62A-6 system consists of a 2.4-meter diameter reflector with an offset feed system, an elevation-over-azimuth positioner and a model C-30 antenna controller. The "flyaway" antenna breaks down into nine separate reflector panels. The reflector, motorized positioner, and feedhorn antenna assemblies are transportable in transit cases as standard air freight on commercial or military aircraft. The reflector consists of composite material and honeycomb sandwich construction to produce a lightweight, but extremely stiff reflector.
Dynamic Changes of microRNAs in the Eye during the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis (2010)

Expression changes in three miRNAs could be detected in the eye before histologic EAU. Kinetic changes of these miRNAs in the eye paralleled those of IL-17. The possibility that miRNAs can affect IL-17 suggests that miRNAs in the retina regulate the development of EAU.
Implementation of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation (2017)

We have developed a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system that employs discrete quadrature-amplitude modulation and homodyne detection of coherent states of light. We experimentally demonstrated automated secure key generation with a rate of 50 kbps when a quantum channel is a 10 km optical fibre. The CV-QKD system utilises a four-state and post-selection protocol and generates a secure key against the entangling cloner attack. We used a pulsed light source of 1550 nm wavelength with a repetition rate of 10 MHz. A commercially available balanced receiver is used to realise shot-noise-limited pulsed homodyne detection. We used a non-binary LDPC code for error correction (reverse reconciliation) and the Toeplitz matrix multiplication for privacy amplification. A graphical processing unit card is used to accelerate the software-based post-processing.
Advancing computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery using a hexapod device for closed diaphyseal fracture reduction (2014)

Our new reduction system described here is detachable, flexible and more precise in coordinate transformations. The detachable, modular design will allow for more analogous applications in the future. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X-ray studies on layer structure and bistability in ferroelectric liquid crystals (1992)

Abstract X-ray diffraction measurements of thin chiral smectic C (Sc∗) liquid crystals between solid plates coated with rubbed polymer film were performed under an electric field. A variety of local layer structures which depend upon the boundary conditions could be observed, including bookshelf and chevron, and some distorted structures. Moreover, the method of layer deformation could be seen in a stepwise induced field, and seven deformation types could be detected. The relation between a bistability effect and the type of layer deformation was clarified and four deformation types were found favourable to bistability. A vertical layer structure at the boundary, like the bookshelf structure, was necessary to produce bistability. A high pretilt film seemed to have a smectic layer reform a tilted structure even under an induced field and it was difficult to produce bistability with the high pretilt one.
The Reaction of Reduced Xanthine Oxidase with Oxygen (1981)

Product formation during the oxidation of xanthine oxidase has been examined directly by using cytochrome c peroxidase as a trapping agent for hydrogen peroxide and the reduction of cytochrome c as a measure of superoxide formation. When fully reduced enzyme is mixed with high concentrations of oxygen, 2 molecules of HzOz/flavin are produced rapidly, while 1 molecule of (&-/flavin is produced rapidly and another produced much more slowly. Time courses for superoxide formation and those for the absorbance changes due to enzyme oxidation were fitted successfully to the mechanism proposed earlier (Olson, J. S., Ballou, D. P., Palmer, G., and Massey, V. (1974) J. Biol. Chem 249, 4363-4382). In this scheme, each oxidative step is initiated by the very rapid and reversible formation of an oxygen.FADHz complex (the apparent KO = 2.2 X M at 20 “C, pH 8.3). In the cases of 6- and 4-electronreduced enzyme, 2 electrons are transferred rapidly (ke = 60 6”) to generate hydrogen peroxide and partially oxidized xanthine oxidase. In the case of the 2-electronreduced enzyme, only 1 electron is transferred rapidly and superoxide is produced. The remaining electron remains in the iron-sulfur centers and is removed slowly by a second order process (& = 1 X IO4 M” s-’). When the pH is decreased from 9.9 to 6.2, both the apparent KO for oxygen binding and the rapid rate of electron transfer are decreased about 20-fold. This result is suggestive of uncompetitive inhibition and implies that proton binding to the enzyme-flavin active site affects primarily the rate of electron transfer, not the formation of the initial oxygen complex. The reaction of reduced xanthine oxidase with oxygen exhibits a markedly biphasic time course, with the rate of the fast phase being approximately 10 times that of the slow phase (1, 2). The relative amplitudes of these two phases are dependent on the wavelength of observation. The absorbance changes observed in the slow phase are very similar to the difference spectrum associated with the oxidation of the ironsulfur centers, whereas the changes associated with the fast
Differential estrogen substrate specificities for transiently expressed human placental 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and an endogenous enzyme expressed in cultured COS-m6 cells. (1993)

The metabolism of estrogens catalyzed by human placental 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) transiently expressed in COS-m6 cells was studied, and the properties of the enzyme were compared with those of an endogenous hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) expressed in the cells. In cultured cells, the endogenous HSD had almost exclusively oxidative activity, converting estradiol to estrone (oxidative and reductive activity, 0.84 +/- 0.164 and 0.034 +/- 0.01 nmol/mg protein.h, respectively). This was, nevertheless, opposed to the activity of the transiently expressed human placental 17HSD, as a high reductive activity (0.86 +/- 0.30 nmol/mg protein.h) appeared in the cells after transfection, whereas oxidative activity was not significantly induced. In the different transfections, the reductive activity was induced 13- to 34-fold, and the oxidative activity in the 17HSD-transfected cells was 65-162% of that in the mock-transfected cells. Thus, in cultured cells, these two enzymes preferentially catalyze opposite reactions. When the metabolism of the estrogens was followed up to 20 h, the two enzymes were found to regulate the proportion of estrone to estradiol in the culture medium. The different properties found for the enzymes show that the endogenous HSD expressed in the COS-m6 cells is an additional member of the family of 17HSD enzymes. It is suggested that different 17HSD enzymes exist, with differential estrogen substrate specificities in cultured cells. Thus, in addition to cofactor and substrate availability, the biological activity of estrogens in different cell types may be regulated by the expression of different forms of 17HSD enzymes, resulting in the dominance of either estradiol or estrone production.
Development of distributed industrial control applications: the CORFU framework (2003)

Today's control applications are either based on traditional distributed control systems or on programmable logic controllers. They are usually composed of monolithic applications that are almost impossible to integrate and even to expand. Even more, the many different types of commercial fieldbuses resulted in a wide diversity of devices and tools to support the development of Industrial Process Measurement and Control Systems (IPMCSs). The demand for integration, both during the development phase as well as during the operational phase is becoming more than evident. In this paper, we present CORFU, an OO framework to improve the engineering process of JPMCSs in terms of reliability, development time and degree of automation. The defined framework embodies an abstract design that is capable to provide solutions for the family of distributed JPMCSs.
Tubular Secretion of Tamm-Horsfall Protein Is Decreased in Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy (1993)

Signs of glomerular, proximal and distal tubular dysfunction as well as metabolic control were studied in type 1 diabetes mellitus. To that end, the urinary excretion rates of albumin, sodium, phosphate and Tamm-Horsfall protein as well as HbA1c levels were measured in 20 patients with different degrees of diabetic nephropathy (positive Albustix for several years). Eight diabetic patients with short duration of diabetes and without any diabetic complications and 10 apparently healthy subjects were studied for comparison. The HbA1c levels in the three groups were 8.6 +/- 1.2, 5.9 +/- 2.2 and 4.1 +/- 0.4%, respectively (mean +/- SD). Duration of diabetes in the two diabetic groups were 27 +/- 7 and 3 +/- 1 years, respectively. The urinary protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays. The fractional clearance of sodium (1.9 +/- 1.9%; p < 0.001) and phosphate (27 +/- 11%; p < 0.01) were increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to diabetic patients without nephropathy (0.6 +/- 0.2 and 16 +/- 4%) and healthy control subjects (0.6 +/- 0.1 and 16 +/- 4%, respectively). Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion rate was decreased in both diabetic groups (15.0x/3.1 and 37.9x/1.9 micrograms/min, geometric mean x/tolerance factor, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) compared to the healthy subjects (63.8x/1.3 micrograms/min). Furthermore, patients with diabetic nephropathy had a lower excretion rate of Tamm-Horsfall protein (15.0x/3.1 micrograms/min) compared to patients without signs of nephropathy (37.9x/1.9 micrograms/min, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
대학생의 진로동기와 변화인식이 역량에 미치는 영향 (2014)

본 연구는 대학생의 진로동기와 변화인식이 역량에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울 D대학생 599명을 대상으로 진로동기, 변화인식, 역량에 대한 측정도구를 통해 설문조사하여 빈도분석, t-검증, 일원분산분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석 등을 수행하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 성별에 따라 진로동기의 진로탄력성과 역량의 정보기술활용에서 남학생이 여학생에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 전공계열에 따른 차이는 진로동기의 진로정체감, 진로통찰력, 역량의 대인관계, 정보기술활용에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 학년에 따른 차이는 변화인식을 제외한 역량의 모든 하위요인과 진로동기의 모든 하위요인에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 진로동기, 변화인식, 역량간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 모든 변인 간에 정적 상관관계가 나타났으며 특히 진로탄력성과 의사소통, 진로통찰력과 문제해결 간에 높은 상관을 보였다. 셋째, 대학생의 진로동기가 역량에 미치는 영향은 진로정체감, 진로탄력성이 의사소통에, 진로정체감과 진로탄력성이 국제화에 유의한 영향을 보였다. 진로통찰력과 진로탄력성이 대인관계와 정보기술활용에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며 진로동기의 모든 하위요인이 역량의 자기개발과 문제해결에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈으며 가장 높은 설명력을 보였다. 특히 진로탄력성은 역량의 모든 하위요인에 영향을 미친 결과, 진로동기 중에서 가장 영향력이 높은 요인임이 확인되었다. 넷째, 진로동기와 역량의 관계에 있어 변화인식의 매개효과 검증의 결과, 변화인식은 진로동기 중 진로탄력성과 의사소통과의 관계를, 진로동기의 진로통찰력과 진로탄력성은 역량의 자기개발, 대인관계, 문제해결과의 관계를 부분매개함이 증명되었다. 대학생의 역량을 증진시키기 위해 진로동기와 변화인식을 높일 수 있는 다양한 진로상담과 프로그램 등의 개입과 지원이 요청된다.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Human Fetal Lung <i>In Vitro</i> (1999)

Neonatal respiratory function depends on the development of a well-formed pulmonary capillary bed. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent inducer of endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis. High levels of VEGF protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) have been detected in the developing lung, suggesting that VEGF plays a role in the development of the pulmonary capillary bed. To begin to understand the role of VEGF in human lung development, we explored the regulation of VEGF gene expression and the localization of VEGF protein and mRNA in a model of the developing human lung. VEGF protein and mRNA were detected in midtrimester human fetal lung tissue, and their levels increased with time in explant culture. VEGF protein and mRNA were increased by the maintenance of human fetal lung explants in 2% O2 environments compared with 20% O2 environments. VEGF mRNA levels were found to be increased by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in explants that were incubated in 20% O2, but not in those incubated in 2% O2. Immunostaining for VEGF protein demonstrated localization primarily in airway epithelial cells in midtrimester human fetal lung tissue. Immunostaining for VEGF increased with incubation of human fetal lung explants in 2% and 20% O2. Interestingly, VEGF protein was localized primarily in the basement membrane subjacent to airway epithelial cells after 4 d of incubation in 20% O2. Incubation of tissues in the presence of dibutyryl cAMP resulted in an increase in immunostaining for VEGF, primarily in the basement membranes of prealveolar ducts in 20% O2-treated tissues. In situ hybridization studies indicated that VEGF mRNA was present in both mesenchymal cells and airway epithelial cells. These data suggest that VEGF gene expression is regulated by both oxygen and cAMP in the developing human lung. The detection of VEGF mRNA and protein in distal airway epithelial cells and the detection of VEGF protein in the basement membrane subjacent to the airway epithelial cells suggest that translocation of VEGF protein occurs after its synthesis in the epithelium. Localization of VEGF to the basement membrane of airway epithelial cells may be important for directing capillary development in the human lung.
Mass Mortalities of Cultured Kuruma Shrimp Penaeus japonicus in Japan in 1993: Electron Microscopic Evidence of the Causative Virus. (1994)

養殖クルマエビの大量死の原因を解明するため, 自然発症および実験感染個体のリンパ様器官および胃について電顕観察を行った。その結果, 自然発症および実験感染個体いずれにも同じウイルスが観察された。ウイルスのビリオン (直径130±9nm) は, やや楕円形を呈する桿状のヌクレオカプシッドと核内でde novoに形成される3層構造のエンベロープからなり, ヌクレオカプシッドの大きさは直径が約84±6nm, 長さ約226±29nmであった。本ウイルスは封入体を形成せず, 核内で増殖することからDNAウイルスと考えられ, ビリオンの形態や大きさからバキュロウイルス科あるいはポリドナウイルス科に属すると推測される。また, ビリオンの形態やサイズ, 封入体形成の有無, 標的器官, ビリオンの成熟様式などの面で本ウイルスと完全に一致する既報のクルマエビ類の病原ウイルスは無く, 本ウイルスは新しい病原ウイルスと考えられた。
Organ‐specific ligation‐induced changes in harmonic components of the pulse spectrum and regional vasoconstrictor selectivity in Wistar rats (2005)

It has been shown previously that the amplitudes of the harmonic components of the pulse spectrum vary in specific patterns when the arteries leading to different organs are ligated, with the variations in the harmonics being linearly additive. Since ligation can be regarded as a vast increase in organ resistance, the present study examined the potential of using these ligation-induced variations in the pulse spectrum as reference parameters for an increase in vascular resistance and for regional vasoconstrictor selectivity. A vasoconstrictor, either arginine vasopressin (AVP) or angiotensin II (Ang II), was infused into anaesthetized Wistar rats via the femoral vein for 1 h. The distinct harmonic-specific drug effects on the pulse spectrum were simulated by combining renal artery and superior mesenteric artery ligations in different ratios, the ratio with the lowest mean square difference determining the regional drug selectivity. The ratios indicated that the effect of AVP on the pulse spectrum was attributable to the combined effect of ligating the renal and superior mesenteric arteries, while the effect of Ang II was attributable to ligation of the renal artery. The results are comparable with those of investigations of regional vascular resistance performed using traditional methods. Our findings indicate that the ligation-induced variations in the pulse spectrum can be used to determine regional increases in vascular resistance. This implies that blood pressure can be used as the sole parameter to determine which arterial bed has been affected by the vasoconstrictor, and how seriously.
Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial properties of rhamnolipids produced by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 47T2 NCBIM 40044 (2002)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2, grown in submerged culture with waste frying oil as a carbon source, produced a mixture of rhamnolipids with surface activity. Up to 11 rhamnolipid homologs (Rha-Rha-C(8)-C(10); Rha-C(10)-C(8)/Rha-C(8)-C(10);Rha-Rha-C(8)-C(12:1); Rha-Rha-C(10)-C(10); Rha-Rha-C(10)-C(12:1); Rha-C(10)-C(10); Rha-Rha-C(10)-C(12)/Rha-Rha-C(12)-C(10); Rha-C(10)-C(12:1)/Rha-C(12:1)-C(10); Rha-Rha-C(12:1)-C(12); Rha-Rha-C(10)-C(14:1); Rha-C(10)-C(12)/Rha-C(12)-C(10)) were isolated from cultures of P. aeruginosa 47T2 from waste frying oil and identified by HPLC-MS analysis. This article deals with the production, isolation, and chemical characterization of the rhamnolipid mixture RL(47T2). The physicochemical and biological properties of RL(47T2) as a new product were also studied. Its surface tension decreased to 32.8 mN/m; and the interfacial tension against kerosene to 1 mN/m. The critical micellar concentration for RL(47T2) was 108.8 mg/mL. The product showed excellent antimicrobial properties. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that inhibits development of visible microbial growth. Low MIC values were found for bacteria Serratia marcescens (4 microg/mL), Enterobacter aerogenes (8 microg/mL), Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.5 microg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (32 microg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (16 microg/mL), and phytopathogenic fungal species: Chaetonium globosum (64 microg/mL), Penicillium funiculosum (16 microg/mL), Gliocadium virens (32 microg/mL) and Fusarium solani (75 microg/mL).
Reactors Effects on Microwave Decontamination of Oily Wastes in a Multimode Cavity (2007)

Three reactors were designed and used for the microwave remediation of oil-polluted wastes in a high-power microwave multimode cavity; a pressure model was also built based on reactor shapes and sizes. It was found that the reactor shape and size can extremely affect the electric field strength and distribution and, therefore, the efficiency of oil removal from the wastes. The reactor size would affect the pressure produced during treatment and thus affect the boiling point of the oil. The sweet gas distribution is also a factor for oil removal, although the flow rate has little effect on the oil removal when a uniform distribution is applied with a specific reactor. It was verified that multimode cavities are best-suited for big volume samples, in the case of uniform heating.
Quantitation of cannabinoids in biological fluids by radioimmunoassay. (1976)

A tritium based radioimmunoassay for delta9THC and its metabolites has been developed for the use of investigators studying the epidemiological, medical, clinical, and research aspects of cannabis use. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect cannabinoids in the urine of marijuana smokers for several days after their last exposure to the drug. The results obtained from a 28 day study indicate that the assay reflects the administration and removal of oral doses of THC. The specificity of the antisera, as determined in cross reactivity studies, allows not only the assay of metabolites in biological samples without interference from other drugs, but also the evaluation of extracts of other kinds of samples which may contain unmetabolized delta9THC. The technique of radioimmunoassay has many advantages over other methods of analysis. It is simple to perform and can be readily applied to the rapid analysis of large numbers of samples. It can be used in the direct analysis of physiological fluids and other biological samples which ordinarily have to be processed before other techniques can be applied. The method is non-destructive abd obviates the need to use radiolabelled drugs in man during metabolic and other studies. This radioimmunoassay has been designed with particular emphasis on ease of use by other investigators. We anticipate that it will prove useful to investigators and scientists for determining the absence, or presence and amount, of THC metabolite in a biological specimen, for epidemiologists in determining the full extent of cannabis use and to the medical/clinical community for establishing the minimum effective dose of delta9THC for each patient. The widespread application of a single method of analysis should also remove a great deal of the controversy surrounding marijuana studies performed to date.