gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural study of endocytosis of Chlamydia trachomatis by McCoy cells (1988)

The entry of Chlamydia trachomatis into McCoy cells (fibroblasts) was studied by transmission electron microscopy. On adsorption of elementary bodies (EBs) to host cells at 37 degrees C, the EBs were bound primarily to preexisting cell-surface microvilli. They were also observed in coated pits located at the bases of the microvilli and along smooth surfaces of the host cells and were internalized within coated vesicles at this temperature. Postembedding immunogold labeling on Lowicryl thin sections with anti-clathrin antibody as the primary reagent revealed the gold marker localized in pits and vesicles containing chlamydiae. Some EBs were present in smooth-surfaced invaginations at or near the bases of microvilli and in vesicles devoid of distinguishable coat material. A similar entry process was observed with centrifugation-assisted inoculation of EBs onto the McCoy cells. Individual EBs were initially internalized into tightly bound endocytic vesicles. However, within 1 to 3 h postinfection, multiple C. trachomatis EBs were observed in large, loosely bound vesicles. Evidence suggests that vesicles containing C. trachomatis may have fused with one another early in the infectious process. These results indicate that chlamydiae can exploit the specific process of adsorptive endocytosis for entry into host cells and for translocation to a given intracellular destination, which may be different for each species.
Managing Presentation Slides with Reused Elements (2015)

Slide presentations have become a ubiquitous tool for business and educational purposes. Instead of starting from scratch, slide composers tend to make new presentation slides by reusing materials from existing slides. Understanding how slide elements are copied from one presentation file to another and how presentation files are related to each other are difficult tasks. In this paper, it is investigated the management of multiple presentation files based on reused slide elements. Techniques are developed to detect textual and visual elements that have been reused across multiple presentation files. Interactive visualization methods are proposed to facilitate understanding the process by which these elements are reused and the relationship between the files that use them. A system with a user-friendly interface is designed, based on which experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute radiation syndrome: innovative medical approaches in military medicine (2015)

After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome (ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is based on limited clinical data and remains inadequate. Efforts to develop medical innovations that address ARS complications are unlikely to be generated by industry because of market uncertainties specific to this type of injury. A prospective strategy could be the integration of cellular therapy to meet the medical demands of ARS. The most clinically advanced cellular therapy to date is the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Results of currently published investigations describing MSC safety and efficacy in a variety of injury and disease models demonstrate the unique qualities of this reparative cell population in adapting to the specific requirements of the damaged tissue in which the cells integrate. This report puts forward a rationale for the further evaluation of MSC therapy to address the current unmet medical needs of ARS. We propose that the exploration of this novel therapy for the treatment of the multivariate complications of ARS could be of invaluable benefit to military medicine.
Composition and Bioactive Properties of Yerba Mate (llex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.): A Review (2012)

Yerba Mate is a popular tea beverage produced and consumed in the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and is processed from the leaves and stems of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., a perennial shrub from the Aquifoliaceae family. Production occurs in six stages: harvesting older leaves and small stems, roasting by direct fire, drying under hot air, milling to specified size, aging to acquire optimal sensory attributes, and final packaging. While grown and consumed for centuries in South America, its popularity is increasing in the United States because of demand by consumers for healthier, more natural foods, its filling a niche for a different type of tea beverage, and for Yerba Mate's potential health benefits-antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiobesity, anti-diabetic, digestive improvement, stimulant, and cardiovascular properties. Cultivation, production and processing may cause a variation in bioactive compounds biosynthesis and degradation. Recent research has been expanded to its potential use as an antimicrobial, protecting crops and foods against foodborne, human and plant pathogens. Promising results for the use of this botanical in human and animal health has prompted this review. This review focuses on the known chemical composition of Yerba Mate, the effect of cultivation, production and processing may have on composition, along with a specific discussion of those compounds found in Yerba Mate that have antimicrobial properties.
A calibration method for power metering system with electronic instrument transformers (2012)

High-voltage power metering systems based on electronic instrument transformers (EITs) have some advantages compared to the conventional ones. This paper describes an unique calibration method and device for the power metering system. High accuracy with the calibration method can be achieved. The estimated relative uncertainty of the device is about 200×10<sup>−6</sup> in magnitude and less than 110 µrad in phase.
On the Mechanism of Decarboxylation of Betanidine. A Contribution to the Interpretation of the Biosynthesis of Betalaines (1972)

Abstract Bei der Biogenese des Betanins ( 2 ) aus Dopa ( 1 ) wird die Carboxylgruppe der Aminosäure in die Carboxylgruppe‐C(19) umgewandelt. Dieser Schluss beruht auf einem Deuterierungsversuch, bei dem gezeigt wird, dass die Monodecarboxylierung von Betanidin ( 3 ) zu einem Verlust von C(19) führt und dass dabei die Doppelbindung C(17)C(18) nach C(14)C(15) wandert. Wenn radioaktives Betanidin ( 3 ), erhalten aus Einbauexperimenten mit DL‐Dopa‐[1‐ 14 C], in Äthanol decarboxyliert wird, erhält der danach isolierte Dimethylester 7 des Decarboxybetanidin ( 6 )‐hydrochlorids nur noch 14% des 14 C. Bei der alkali‐katalysierten Äquilibrierung von Betanidin ( 3 ) ⇆ Isobetanidin ( 9 ) tritt im Gegensatz zur Decarboxylierung keine Wanderung der Doppelbindung ein.
Digital speckle-pattern shearing interferometry (1980)

An application of digital image processing techniques to speckle-shearing interferometry is described. A present system consists of an image-shearing camera using a Fresnel biprism of small angles and a digital TV-image processing facility. This interferometer makes it easy to measure in quasi-real-time spatial derivatives of surface displacement and modal vibration amplitude of objects. A statistical theory is applied to analyze the formations of these fringes due to 3-D displacement. Interpretation of the result leads to conditions of maximum fringe contrast and the limitation of this technique. Experimental results in the three cases of slope of normal displacement, surface strain, and slope of vibration amplitude measurements are presented.
The expansion of mechanistic and organismic diversity associated with non-ribosomal peptides (2000)

Non-ribosomal peptides are a group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of bioactivities, produced by prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Recently, non-ribosomal synthesis has been detected in diverse microorganisms, including the myxobacteria and cyanobacteria. Peptides biosynthesized non-ribosomally may often play a primary or secondary role in the producing organism. Non-ribosomal peptides are often small in size and contain unusual or modified amino acids. Biosynthesis occurs via large modular enzyme complexes, with each module responsible for the activation and thiolation of each amino acid, followed by peptide bond formation between activated amino acids. Modules may also be responsible for the enzymatic modification of the substrate amino acid. Recent analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters has identified novel integrated, mixed and hybrid enzyme systems. These diverse mechanisms of biosynthesis result in the wide variety of non-ribosomal peptide structures and bioactivities seen today. Knowledge of these biosynthetic systems is rapidly increasing and methods of genetically engineering these systems are being developed. In the future, this may lead to rational drug design through combinatorial biosynthesis of these enzyme systems.
Face identity disentanglement via latent space mapping (2020)

Learning disentangled representations of data is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence. Specifically, disentangled latent representations allow generative models to control and compose the disentangled factors in the synthesis process. Current methods, however, require extensive supervision and training, or instead, noticeably compromise quality. In this paper, we present a method that learns how to represent data in a disentangled way, with minimal supervision, manifested solely using available pre-trained networks. Our key insight is to decouple the processes of disentanglement and synthesis, by employing a leading pre-trained unconditional image generator, such as StyleGAN. By learning to map into its latent space, we leverage both its state-of-the-art quality, and its rich and expressive latent space, without the burden of training it. We demonstrate our approach on the complex and high dimensional domain of human heads. We evaluate our method qualitatively and quantitatively, and exhibit its success with de-identification operations and with temporal identity coherency in image sequences. Through extensive experimentation, we show that our method successfully disentangles identity from other facial attributes, surpassing existing methods, even though they require more training and supervision.
Long‐term follow‐up of metal‐on‐metal total hip replacement (2007)

Metal-on-metal articulations were reintroduced to reduce polyethylene particle-induced osteolysis. Elevated serum metal levels have been detected at short- and intermediate-term follow-up. There is little knowledge about long-term effects of increased ionic metal generation. Our study was undertaken to provide information about long-term survival, clinical outcome, radiographic appearance, and serum metal concentrations after a minimum 10 years follow-up with a metal-on-metal hip prosthesis: 105 cementless primary total hip prostheses with metal-on-metal articulating surfaces were implanted in 98 patients with a mean age of 56 years. Clinical data, radiographs, and blood samples were obtained at a follow-up visit 10 years after implantation. Serum cobalt and chromium levels were determined with use of atomic absorption spectrometry. General laboratory analyses included a full blood count and kidney function parameters. The Harris score was 92 points and the UCLA score 6 points after 10 years. Small osteolytic lesions and radiolucent lines were found in Gruen's zones 1, 7, 8, and 14. The probability of survival was 98.6%. The median serum cobalt concentration of the 22 patients with their hip replacement as the only source of cobalt was 0.75 microg/L (range, 0.3-50.1 microg/L). No patient was diagnosed with renal insufficiency during the study period. Five patients were diagnosed with a malignancy between surgery and the follow-up. We do not have evidence of an increased rate of primary malignancies nor could we detect renal failure in our study group. Serum metal levels did not differ from short- and intermediate term follow-up values.
Vaccine-induced Th17 cells are established as resident memory cells in the lung and promote local IgA responses (2016)

The ability to mount accelerated and efficient mucosal immune responses is critically important to prevent the establishment of many infections. Secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key component in this first line of defense, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are still not completely understood. We have evaluated different routes of immunization and examined the requirements for IgA induction in the airway mucosa. We demonstrate that subcutaneous priming with a recombinant antigen in a T helper (Th)17-inducing adjuvant followed by airway boosting promotes high and sustained levels of IgA in the lungs. This response is associated with germinal center formation in the lung-draining lymph nodes. The lung IgA response is dependent on Th17 cells and absent if interleukin (IL)-17 is depleted or when priming with vaccines inducing only Th1 or Th2 responses. We used intravascular staining to demonstrate that IgA+ B cells and chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6)+Th17 cells are recruited to the lung parenchyma after the airway booster immunization. Once recruited to the lung parenchyma, the Th17 cells transform into resident lymphocytes that persist in the lung tissue for at least 10 weeks. Here, they facilitate the accelerated recruitment of T and B cells resulting in an accelerated IgA recall response to a second airway booster immunization.
Unsupervised discovery and training of maximally dissimilar cluster models (2010)

One of the difficult problems of acoustic modeling for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is how to adequately model the wide variety of acoustic conditions which may be present in the data. The problem is especially acute for tasks such as Google Search by Voice, where the amount of speech available per transaction is small, and adaptation techniques start showing their limitations. As training data from a very large user population is available however, it is possible to identify and jointly model subsets of the data with similar acoustic qualities. We describe a technique which allows us to perform this modeling at scale on large amounts of data by learning a treestructured partition of the acoustic space, and we demonstrate that we can significantly improve recognition accuracy in various conditions through unsupervised Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) training. Being fully unsupervised, this technique scales easily to increasing numbers of conditions.
<title>Lippmann color holography in a single-layer silver-halide emulsion</title> (1995)

The recording of high-quality color holograms is the only way in which holography can be made truly useful and totally acceptable in the world of business and everyday life. This possibility has been now opened by the introduction of panchromatic, single-layer ultra-high- resolution silver-halide emulsions which make it possible to obtain high-quality, large-format color reflection holograms. The use of three laser wavelengths on a single-layer emulsion in the recording process (Lippmann holography) makes the holographic recording technique similar to the early Lippmann photography of the last century. That combination promotes not only good color rendition but, additionally, due to wavelength multiplexing, the image resolution is improved as compared to monochrome holographic recordings. This fact is important in holographic microscopy and endoscopy, where high-resolution color images are particularly important.
Principles of Meniscus-Based MEMS Gas or Liquid Pressure Sensors (2013)

Pressure sensing using a trapped-gas volume-liquid meniscus interface offers several advantages over other microelectromechanical systems technologies for certain applications, including the potential for smaller footprints, harsh environment survivability, simple CMOS integration, and ease of fabrication. The small effective hydraulic diameter of microchannels can be exploited to produce gas/liquid interfaces that create menisci used to trap gas in sealed chambers. The pressure is monitored by optically or electronically measuring the displacement of the meniscus which behaves according to gas laws. This paper reports on the theory and realization of several fundamental concepts for this type of sensor, including the autocalibration of meniscus forces regardless of the sensor material or liquid; electrode integration for electronic interrogation in addition to optical measurements; simple repeatable manufacturing; and long-term drift. Hundreds of sensor devices were fabricated from silicon and glass and demonstrated positive pressure sensitivities of 42.5 μm/kPa near atmospheric pressure.
Alternative exon usage and processing of the major histocompatibility complex-encoded proteasome subunits. (1992)

The finding that two subunits of the proteasome, LMP2 and LMP7, are encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has linked the proteasome which represents a major extralysosomal proteolytic system to the processing of intracellular antigens. Here we describe a second form of the human LMP7 cDNA, LMP7-E2, which has been identified during the characterization of novel genes in the MHC. The analysis of the genome organization of LMP7 revealed that LMP7-E1 and LMP7-E2 arise by alternative exon usage. Using specific antibodies against LMP2 and LMP7, we show that they are co-expressed with class I MHC molecules as well as a putative peptide transporter. The polypeptides encoded by LMP7 and LMP2 undergo proteolytic processing when incorporated into proteasomes, and the LMP7 precursor is derived mainly from LMP7-E2. Furthermore, our data suggest that LMP7 and LMP2 are mutually dependent for their incorporation into the proteasomal complex.
ChemInform Abstract: RASSE: A New Method for Structure‐Based Drug Design (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Incidence of Early Loss of Pregnancy (1988)

We studied the risk of early loss of pregnancy by collecting daily urine specimens from 221 healthy women who were attempting to conceive. Urinary concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured for a total of 707 menstrual cycles with use of an immunoradiometric assay that is able to detect hCG levels as low as 0.01 ng per milliliter, with virtually 100 percent specificity for hCG in the presence of luteinizing hormone. Our criterion for early pregnancy--an hCG level above 0.025 ng per milliliter on three consecutive days--was determined after we compared the hCG levels in the study group with the levels in a comparable group of 28 women who had undergone sterilization by tubal ligation. We identified 198 pregnancies by an increase in the hCG level near the expected time of implantation. Of these, 22 percent ended before pregnancy was detected clinically. Most of these early pregnancy losses would not have been detectable by the less sensitive assays for hCG used in earlier studies. The total rate of pregnancy loss after implantation, including clinically recognized spontaneous abortions, was 31 percent. Most of the 40 women with unrecognized early pregnancy losses had normal fertility, since 95 percent of them subsequently became clinically pregnant within two years.
Preliminary Specifications for an Exoskeleton for the Training of Balance in Balance Impaired Individuals (2008)

There is a small but growing population of people who suffer from impaired balance. The causes range from old age to stroke to cerebral palsy. For those with only minor problems staying upright, a cane or walker is all that is needed. For some it is so debilitating that they are confined to a wheel chair. The precise cause of impairment can vary. In some, the vestibular, proprioceptive or visual impairments affect balance. In others, muscle weakness or brain damage is the cause. In another group, the brain never learned to balance in the first place. Relearning how to balance can be a struggle requiring months of costly physical therapy with a physical therapist. A machine that could help teach them how to balance would be a great help in the improvement of their lives. This thesis presents a set of control models for an exoskeleton that will stabilize and restore stability to those with impaired balance. The control models are designed for an exoskeleton to initially force the wearer into a known profile for balancing and moving. There will then be a steady reduction in the authority of the exoskeleton over time, requiring the patient to assert more control over his or her own movement. As the authority of the exoskeleton is reduced, the patient will have to increase his or her own authority and develop his or her own control law or the patient will become less stable and eventually unbalanced.
WordRev: Finding word-level structures in a sea of bit-level gates (2013)

Systems are increasingly being constructed from off-the-shelf components acquired through a globally distributed and untrusted supply chain. Often only post-synthesis gate-level netlists or actual silicons are available for security inspection. This makes reasoning about hardware trojans particularly challenging given the enormous scale of the problem. Currently, there is no mature methodology that can provide visibility into a bit-level design in terms of high-level components to allow more comprehensive analysis. In this paper, we present a systemic way of automatically deriving word-level structures from the gate-level netlist of a digital circuit. Our framework also provides the possibility for a user to specify sequences of word-level operations and it can extract the collection of gates corresponding to those operations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design consisting of approximately 400,000 IBM 12SOI cells and several open-source designs.
Identification and plasmid profiles of<i>Lactobacillus</i>species from the vagina of 100 healthy women (1996)

It was hypothesized that Lactobacillus acidophilus might not be the dominant aerobic or microaerophilic Lactobacillus species in the human vagina, and that the dominant isolates are likely to express a variety of properties associated with colonization. To examine the question, vaginal swabs were collected from 100 healthy premenopausal women and cultured to detect the dominant aerobic or microaerophilic isolates of Lactobacillus. Only eight species were detected, with Lactobacillus jensenii being the dominant colonizers in the highest number (35) of women. Twelve different plasmid profiles were found amongst the isolates, but there was no association between plasmids and vaginal colonization or hydrogen peroxide production. Of the strains tested, few were resistant to the spermicidal agent nonoxynol-9. The data identify species within which strains may possess properties associated with maintenance of a healthy vaginal ecology.
Collecting 3D electron diffraction data by the rotation method (2010)

Abstract A new method for collecting complete three-dimensional electron diffraction data is described. Diffraction data is collected by combining electron beam tilt at many very small steps, with rotation of the crystal in a few but large steps. A number of practical considerations are discussed, as well as advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods of collecting electron diffraction data.