gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from heterozygotes for congenital X-linked agammaglobulinemia. (1980)

Lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from female relatives of patients with congenital X-linked-agammaglobulinemia by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of their peripheral B lymphocytes. Cell lines derived from presumed carriers were characterized by low ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity and a reduced percentage of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. Measurement of ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity in newly established lymphoblastoid cell lines may provide a means for the identification of heterozygotes for congenital X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
Atomization characteristics of impinging liquid jets (1995)

The atomization characteristics of sheets formed by both laminar and turbulent impinging jets were experimentally studied as a function of flow and injector geometric parameters. In particular, sheet breakup length along the sheet centerline, distance between adjacent waves apparent on the sheet, and drop-size distributions were measured over a Weber number range between 350-6600 and a Reynolds number range between 2.8 x 103 to 2.6 x 10 4. A linear stability-based model was used to determine the most unstable wave number and the corresponding growth rate factor on two-dimension al thinning inviscid and viscous sheets. These wave characteristics were used to predict both the sheet breakup length and the resulting drop sizes. A second model, applicable for a low Weber number regime, in which sheet disintegration is controlled by stationary antisymmetric waves, was used to predict the shape of the sheet formed by two impinging liquid jets. The linear stabilitybased theory predictions of breakup length did not agree in trend or magnitude with experimental measurements. However, for Weber numbers less than 350, the measured breakup length for laminar impinging jets was within 50% of that predicted by the stationary antisymmetric wave-based model. Finally, drop-size predictions based on linear stability theory agreed in trend, but not in magnitude, with the measured drop sizes. The contrast between the sheet atomization characteristics of laminar vs turbulent impinging jets suggest that the initial conditions of the impinging jets significantly influence the sheet breakup mechanism. Also, the comparison between experimental results and theoretical predictions indicates that the impact wave generation process at the jet impingement point needs to be incorporated in the theoretical models for sheet atomization. Nomenclature d = diameter F = thickness distribution h = sheet thickness k = wave number L = length of injection element / = length r = radial distance from impingement point Re = Reynolds number, Ujdjv/, based on liquid properties, jet velocity, and orifice diameter Rex = Reynolds number, Ushlvi, based on liquid properties, sheet velocity, and sheet thickness 5 = ratio of gas density to liquid density t = time U = velocity W = maximum width of sheet We = Weber number, piUjdJcr, based on liquid properties, jet velocity, and orifice diameter Wes = Weber number, p,£/;/z/cr, based on liquid properties, sheet velocity, and sheet thickness x = axial distance from impingement point y = coordinate perpendicular to x in the plane of the sheet a = fan inclination angle ft = complex growth rate factor, pr + //3, 77 = disturbance amplitude 6 = impingement half-angle A = wavelength ju = dynamic viscosity
GNSS Carrier Phase-Based Attitude Determination (2012)

Attitude determination through the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals is one of the many applications of satellite-based navigation. Multiple GNSS antennas installed on a given platform are used to provide orientation estimates, thus adding attitude information to the standard positioning service. Precise attitude estimates are obtained by exploiting the higher ranging resolution of the carrier phase observables, which are of two orders of magnitude more accurate than pseudorange measurements. However, each carrier phase measurement is ambiguous by an unknown integer number of cycles. Carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution is the key to high-precision GNSS positioning, navigation, and attitude determination. It is the process of resolving the unknown cycle ambiguities of the carrier phase data as integers. After ambiguity resolution, precise baseline estimates become available, which can be used to derive the attitude of a platform equipped with multiple antennas. The purpose of this contribution is to present, analyze and test a novel ambiguity estimation and attitude determination method.The ambiguity-attitude estimation method given and analyzed in this work is an implementation of the constrained integer-least quares, an extension of the well-known least-squares method applied to systems whose parameters are subject to mixed constraints. The key to this new method is an extension of the popular LAMBDA method: the multivariate constrained LAMBDA method. The method estimates the integer ambiguities and the platforms attitude in an integral manner, fully exploiting the known body geometry of the multi-antenna configuration by means of multiple geometrical constraints. As a result, the ambiguity resolution performance is greatly improved, and the reliability of the GNSS-based attitude solution is enhanced. The method is extensively analyzed from a theoretical standpoint, and thoroughly tested with a wide range of test scenarios, from simulations to high-dynamic flight experiments.
KO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthridinones and Dibenzoazepinones (2012)

Synthesis of substituted phenanthridinones and dibenzoazepinones has been realized from 2-halo-benzamides in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide and a catalytic amount of 1,10-phenanthroline or AIBN. This new carbon-carbon bond forming reaction gives direct access to various biaryl lactams containing six- and seven-membered rings chemoselectively. Carbon-carbon coupling seems to proceed by the generation of a radical in the amide ring which leads to C-H arylation of aniline.
Initial study on automatic identification of speaker role in broadcast news speech (2006)

Identifying a speaker's role (anchor, reporter, or guest speaker) is important for finding the structural information in broadcast news speech. We present an HMM-based approach and a maximum entropy model for speaker role labeling using Mandarin broadcast news speech. The algorithms achieve classification accuracy of about 80% (compared to the baseline of around 50%) using the human transcriptions and manually labeled speaker turns. We found that the maximum entropy model performs slightly better than the HMM, and that the combination of them outperforms any model alone. The impact of the contextual role information is also examined in this study.
THE PREPARATION OF URACIL FROM UREA (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF URACIL FROM UREADavid Davidson and Oskar BaudischCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 9, 2379–2383Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1926https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01420a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01420a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1009Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevention of catheter-related infections by a new, catheter-restricted antibiotic filling technique (1991)

Catheter-related infections pose a hazard to both humans and laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to develop a technique preventing bacterial colonization of intravascular catheters. In 27 dogs a total of 70 catheters were implanted. On an average catheters were used for 207 days. Three protocols were compared: (1) flushing the catheters with a heparinized solution; (2) filling only the catheter lumen with alpha-chymotrypsin solution (225 units/ml); (3) filling only the catheter lumen with a solution containing a mixture of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin (20 mg/ml) and chymotrypsin (225 units/ml). Catheter fillings were always withdrawn before catheter use. Catheter exit sites were all treated with povidone iodine ointment once a day. Body temperatures and weights were recorded, bacteriological and electron microscopical examinations of catheters performed. Without gentamicin filling all catheters were colonized after a few weeks. The dogs showed clinical signs of chronic bacteraemia. Gentamicin filling eradicated colonization. No further bacteraemia was observed. We conclude that filling only the catheter lumen with a concentrated solution of chymotrypsin and gentamicin, combined with measures to prevent infections via the subcutaneous catheter tunnel, is an effective and safe technique to prevent catheter-related infections.
Improving surface quality of selective laser sintered rapid prototype parts using robotic finishing (2000)

Because of ‘stair-step’ and ‘shrinkage’ effects, most rapid prototyping (RP) parts have need of surface finishing in post-processing to obtain good surface quality. Instead of manual operations or homogeneous polishing techniques, a robot, with its high flexibility and sophistication, can effectively finish the surfaces of selective laser sintering (SLS) parts. After the sintering process, an SLS part that requires finishing is placed on a fixture with the help of a special base fitting. By calibrating the base fitting, the position and orientation of the part relative to the robotic system are determined. The robot holds a finishing tool, which can be changed according to different materials and different surfaces, as its end-effector. Once the calibration data, finishing tool, surfaces to be finished and finishing parameters are determined, the robotic finishing path can be automatically programmed from the computer aided design/computer aided modelling (CAD/CAM) model. The robot then moves a high-speed finishing tool over the desired surfaces according to the finishing path. Some experiments have been carried out on different SLS parts using different materials. It is shown that surface quality, which includes surface roughness, dimensional accuracy as well as geometrical accuracy, can be improved using robotic finishing.
Electrophysiological Measures of Aging Pharynx Function in C. elegans Reveal Enhanced Organ Functionality in Older, Long-lived Mutants (2017)

The function of the pharynx, an organ in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans, has been correlated with life span and motility (another measure of health) since 1980. In this study, in order to further understand the relationship between organ function and life span, we measured the age-related decline of the pharynx using an electrophysiological approach. We measured and analyzed electropharyngeograms (EPG) of wild type animals, short-lived hsf-1 mutants, and long-lived animals with genetically decreased insulin signaling or increased heat shock pathway signaling; we recorded a total of 2,478 EPGs from 1,374 individuals. As expected, the long-lived daf-2(e1370) and hsf-1OE(uthIs235) animals maintained pharynx function relatively closer to the youthful state during aging, whereas the hsf-1(sy441) and wild type animals' pharynx function deviated significantly further from the youthful state at advanced age. Measures of the amount of variation in organ function can act as biomarkers of youthful physiology as well. Intriguingly, the long-lived animals had greater variation in the duration of pharynx contraction at older ages.
A flexible, organic QVGA display with gray‐scale capability (2004)

Abstract— A flexible 4.7‐in. QVGA active‐matrix display was demonstrated, containing 76,800 solution‐processed organic transistors. The combination of our plastic active‐matrix backplane with electrophoretic‐ink display material developed by E‐Ink resulted in a reflective low‐power display with paper‐like appearance. By using high‐performance organic transistors, it was possible to generate 2‐bit images on the display. The display can be bent to a radius below 2 cm.
Baltimore's Aid to Railroads: A Study in the Municipal Planning of Internal Improvements (1953)

Local governments played a notable and somewhat neglected part in the American movement for internal improvements. Their activities in aid of canals and railroads varied greatly in scale and method and in the scope of planning involved. They ran the gamut from the far-flung projects of great commercial cities striving for the dominance of the trade of vast areas to the donations of obscure rural townships trying only to make sure that the promised railroad should pass through their village rather than the adjacent crossroads. Among the greater cities, none played a more notable role than Baltimore in the promotion of internal improvements. Its total of railroad subscriptions, loans, and bond endorsements was about twenty million dollars—a figure of municipal contribution only exceeded by Cincinnati's investment in a city-owned railroad. Baltimore was in the field of internal improvements well before Cincinnati and remained in it long after such early rivals as Philadelphia had withdrawn. Baltimore's first investment in the Baltimore and Ohio was audaorized in 1827, and its last loan to the Western Maryland was made in 1886. It continued to vote stock and to appoint public directors to the board of railroad corporations until it sold its interest in the Baltimore and Ohio in 1890 and in the Western Maryland in 1902.
Brief Communication: Growth of Human Normal and Neoplastic Mammary Tissues in the Cleared Mammary Fat Pad of the Nude Mouse2 (1975)

Dysplastic and malignant human breast tissues were grown successfully in the cleared mammary fat pads (CFP) of nude mice. The mammary fat pads were cleared while the mice were in a germfree isolator. Prepared mice were removed fron the germfree enviornment to facilitate transplantation of the human mammary tissue into their CFP and subsequently were maintained in sterile laminar flow racks.
Thigh Muscle Activity, Knee Motion, and Impact Force During Side-Step Pivoting in Agility-Trained Female Basketball Players (2020)

Improving neuromuscular control of hamstrings muscles might have implications for decreasing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females.
Macaque Multimeric Soluble CD40 Ligand and GITR Ligand Constructs Are Immunostimulatory Molecules In Vitro (2006)

CD40 ligand (CD40L) and GITR ligand (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein ligand [GITRL]) are tumor necrosis factor superfamily molecules that can be used as vaccine adjuvants. In a previous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA vaccine study in mice, we found that plasmids expressing multimeric soluble forms of trimeric CD40L (i.e., many trimers) were stronger activators of CD8(+) T-cell responses than were single-trimer soluble forms or the natural membrane-bound molecule. This report describes similar multimeric soluble molecules that were constructed for studies in macaques. Both two-trimer and four-trimer forms of macaque CD40L were active in B-cell proliferation assays using macaque and human cells. With human cells, four-trimer macaque GITRL costimulated CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and abrogated the immunosuppressive effects of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells on a mixed leukocyte reaction. These molecular adjuvants provide new tools for vaccine development in the simian immunodeficiency virus system and other macaque models.
Fault arc extinction and system re-start on HVDC transmission lines using LCC or VSC full-bridge converters with integrated arc recovery simulation models (2017)

HVDC systems in combination with overhead lines are frequently affected by non-permanent ground faults at DC side due to arcs. To limit the impact to the DC system or the connected AC system(s) at line-to-ground faults or unsuccessful restart attempts, a reliable recovery strategy is essential. We report on the development of a physical model of the arc extinction and recovery behaviour of arcs on HVDC transmission lines. The arc model can be used to develop, test and optimize the arc extinction and recovery strategy in the control software of a bi-polar HVDC (Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) HVDC with full-bridge converter and Line-Commuted Converters, LCC HVDC) converter station. Based on empirical arc characteristics of long arcs in air, a simplified dynamic arc model has been developed which allows calculating fault arc parameters. These arc parameters are used to calculate the energy deposited in the arc during the fault, and the converter control minimizes the fault arc energy by extracting most of the energy stored in the transmission line. Furthermore, salient arc parameters like arc resistance, arc current and current rate of decay before current zero are used to predict the status of the arc, in particular, the precise time of arc extinction. After arc extinction, the dynamic recovery behaviour of the fault arc path is predicted using empirical recovery data. The HVDC converter is then allowed to start after a deionization time which is determined by the dynamic recovery characteristics of a worst case scenario and the energy deposited in the arc during the fault interval. This allows for a save restart sequence with minimal outage time of the order of 500 ms or less from fault occurrence to full power recovery.
Effect of vitamin C on fracture healing in elderly Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi rats (2007)

We studied the effect of vitamin C on fracture healing in the elderly. A total of 80 elderly Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi rats were divided into four groups with different rates of vitamin C intake. A closed bilateral fracture was made in the middle third of the femur of each rat. Five weeks after fracture the femora were analysed by mechanical and histological testing. The groups with the lower vitamin C intake demonstrated a lower mechanical resistance of the healing callus and a lower histological grade. The vitamin C levels in blood during healing correlated with the torque resistance of the callus formed (r = 0.525). Therefore, the supplementary vitamin C improved the mechanical resistance of the fracture callus in elderly rats. If these results are similar in humans, vitamin C supplementation should be recommended during fracture healing in the elderly.
AVHRR image navigation - Summary and review (1989)

The navigation of imagery from polar orbiting weather satellites includes the correction for geometric distortions due to earth shape/earth rotation, satellite orbit variations, and satellite attitude along with the resampling of the satellite image to a selected geographic map projection. The routine image navigation procedure also compensates for the distortion of the satellite imagery due to the nonlinear scanning of the sensor system. This paper reviews general methods for performing this image navigation, ranging from a method that assumes no orbital information and, thus, relies on nominal orbital parameter values and image corrections computed by matching ground control points (GCPs), to a method that uses high-quality satellite ephemeris data to make the correction with a limited number of GCPs. A procedure to optimize the image navigation by using a spatial remapping, or interpolation, is introduced and outlined. Recommendations are made for people interested in the processing of AVHRR imagery.
Coregulation of the<i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i>lactose permease and β-galactoidase genes is achieved by interaction of multiple LAC9 binding sites in a 2.6 kbp divergnent promoter (1991)

The coregulated genes LAC4 and LAC12 encoding beta-galactosidase and lactose permease, respectively, are responsible for the ability of the milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis to utilise lactose. They are divergently transcribed and separated by an unusually large intergenic region of 2.6 kbp. Mapping of the upstream border of the beta-galactosidase gene (LAC4) promoter by introduction of mutations at the chromosomal locus showed that LAC4 and LAC12 share the same upstream activation sites (UAS). The UASs represent binding sites for the trans-activator LAC9, a K. lactis homologue of GAL4, conforming to the consensus sequence 5'-CGG(N5)A/T(N5)CCG-3'. Two binding sites are located in front of each of the genes at almost symmetrical positions. beta-galactosidase activity measurements as well as quantitation of LAC4 and LAC12 mRNA levels demonstrated that all four sites are required for full induction. LAC4 proximal and a LAC12 proximal sites cooperate in activating transcription of both genes. These sites are more than 1.7 kbp apart and the distal site is located more than 2.3 kbp upstream of the respective start of transcription. Thus, the distance between interacting sites is larger than in any of the well characterised yeast promoters. The contribution to gene activation differs for individual binding sites and correlates with the relative affinity of LAC9 for these sites in vitro suggesting that LAC9 binding is a rate limiting step for LAC promoter function.
Learning of word stress in a sub-optimal second order back-propagation neural network (1988)

The authors show an example of an efficient and easy solution, using a neural network, of a problem that cannot be easily solved with rules. This example regards the localization of primary word stress. The knowledge of the position of primary stress is very useful in text-to-speech synthesis of Italian, a language characterized by a very prominent word accent. In fact, the position of word stress is the basis for the automatic generation of the pattern of duration of the syllables and of the intonation of the whole phrase. The authors use a feedforward network with an error backpropagation learning, extending the method with the computation of the correction step based on the second derivative of the error function. This method has been used to speed up convergence without using a fixed learning rate and a momentum term. The authors obtain a steep decrease of the error at the expense of a limited increase of the computational cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>