gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), not Leucine, May Protect HepG2 Cells from Palmitate‐Induced Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2017)

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States, affecting 70 million adults and ~3% of young children. NAFLD is characterized by an accumulation of fat in the liver cells that is not caused by alcohol. NAFLD is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, which are precursors for development of type 2 diabetes. Recent data suggests that the PPARs (PPARα and PPARγ may be connected to the development and progression of NAFLD, which make them potential biomarkers for treating and diagnosing NAFLD. Currently, there are several approaches to treating NAFLD, including nutrition therapy and specific food recommendations. Diets high in protein, high in the branched‐chain amino acid leucine, and diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA, have been linked with weight reduction and improved insulin resistance. However, neither has been evaluated as a treatment for NAFLD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the ability of leucine and DHA to act either synergistically or alone to reduce markers of NAFLD using HepG2 cells treated with palmitate as an in vitro model. HepG2 cells (80% confluent) received one of 6 treatments for 48 hours: control, vector control, 0.75 mM palmitate, 5 mM leucine + palmitate, 0.1 mM DHA + palmitate, or leucine + DHA + palmitate. Lipid deposition and markers of energy metabolism were measured. Data was analyzed using one‐way ANOVA with P < 0.05 indicating significance. There was no effect of leucine on cellular lipid deposition. However, cells treated with DHA had significantly less lipid deposition compared to cells treated with palmitate or palmitate + leucine. Palmitate increased Tfam expression compared to controls, however, there was no further effect of leucine. Palmitate + DHA and palmitate + leucine + DHA significantly increased Tfam expression compared to control, palmitate and palmitate + leucine. Palmitate significantly lowered PGC1a and PPARg expression, however treatment with DHA further decreased PGC1α and PPARγ compared to controls and palmitate, alone. Preliminary data shows no treatment effect on SIRT1 or mTOR phosphorylation. Taken together, these data suggest that DHA, not leucine, has the potential to reduce markers of NAFLD in HepG2 cells. Support or Funding Information Arkansas Biosciences Institute. University of Arkansas State Undergraduate Research Fellowship.
How ESD damage affects OEMs and what they can do to mitigate the damage (2002)

Damage from electrostatic discharge affects productivity and product reliability in virtually every aspect of today s electronics environment. The OEM s risk is often more significant than the component manufacturer s due to the size and cost of completed assemblies. A component might cost $10 to replace and retest before shipment. However, if incorporated into a finished system or deployed into the field, the same component could cost hundreds or thousands of dollars to repair or replace. For example, a manufacturer of a complex million-dollar system tracked its ESD losses with astounding results. When a small (under $5) electronic part failed, the technician had to break the seal on the system, pull the subassembly, and replace or repair it. Not including the cost of the part that failed, the company s cost to disassemble, repair, retest, and reassemble each system was $28,000$30,000.
Object-centric Sampling for Fine-grained Image Classification (2014)

This paper proposes to go beyond the state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (CNN) by incorporating the information from object detection, focusing on dealing with fine-grained image classification. Unfortunately, CNN suffers from over-fiting when it is trained on existing fine-grained image classification benchmarks, which typically only consist of less than a few tens of thousands training images. Therefore, we first construct a large-scale fine-grained car recognition dataset that consists of 333 car classes with more than 150 thousand training images. With this large-scale dataset, we are able to build a strong baseline for CNN with top-1 classification accuracy of 81.6%. One major challenge in fine-grained image classification is that many classes are very similar to each other while having large within-class variation. One contributing factor to the within-class variation is cluttered image background. However, the existing CNN training takes uniform window sampling over the image, acting as blind on the location of the object of interest. In contrast, this paper proposes an \emph{object-centric sampling} (OCS) scheme that samples image windows based on the object location information. The challenge in using the location information lies in how to design powerful object detector and how to handle the imperfectness of detection results. To that end, we design a saliency-aware object detection approach specific for the setting of fine-grained image classification, and the uncertainty of detection results are naturally handled in our OCS scheme. Our framework is demonstrated to be very effective, improving top-1 accuracy to 89.3% (from 81.6%) on the large-scale fine-grained car classification dataset.
Preparation of highly visible-light active N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst (2010)

A series of N-doped anatase TiO2 samples have been prepared using a solvothermal method in an organic amine/ethanol–water reaction system. The effects of different starting N : Ti atomic ratios on the catalysts structure, surface property and catalytic activity have been investigated. The photocatalytic activity and stability of the N-doped TiO2 samples were evaluated through using the decomposition of Methylene blue (MB) and Methyl orange (MO) as model reaction under visible light irradiation. Characterization results show that the nitrogen dopant has a significant effect on the crystallite size and optical absorption of TiO2. It was found that the N-doped TiO2 catalysts have enhanced absorption in the visible light region, and exhibit higher activity for photocatalytic degradation of model dyes (e.g. MB and MO). The catalyst with the highest performance was the one prepared using N : Ti molar ratio of 1.0. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurement suggests the materials contain Ti3+ ions, with both the degree of N doping and oxygen vacancies make contributions to the visible light absorption of TON. The presence of superoxide radicals (O˙−) and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) on the surface of TON were found to be responsible for MB and MO solution decoloration under visible light. Based on the results of the present study, a visible light induced photocatalytic mechanism has been proposed for N-doped anatase TiO2.
Blood coagulation factor XII drives adaptive immunity during neuroinflammation via CD87-mediated modulation of dendritic cells (2016)

Aberrant immune responses represent the underlying cause of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent evidence implicated the crosstalk between coagulation and immunity in CNS autoimmunity. Here we identify coagulation factor XII (FXII), the initiator of the intrinsic coagulation cascade and the kallikrein-kinin system, as a specific immune cell modulator. High levels of FXII activity are present in the plasma of MS patients during relapse. Deficiency or pharmacologic blockade of FXII renders mice less susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (a model of MS) and is accompanied by reduced numbers of interleukin-17A-producing T cells. Immune activation by FXII is mediated by dendritic cells in a CD87-dependent manner and involves alterations in intracellular cyclic AMP formation. Our study demonstrates that a member of the plasmatic coagulation cascade is a key mediator of autoimmunity. FXII inhibition may provide a strategy to combat MS and other immune-related disorders.
Solar-energy materials preparation techniques (1975)

The application of materials to the thermal control of structures, photothermal/electrical conversion, and photovoltaic conversion are reviewed. Applications include solar and infrared reflectors, optical filters, transparent conductors, bulk semiconductor materials, semiconductor films, and selective solar absorbers. The use of thin films in many conservation and photothermal applications is presently economical, but the economics of photothermal/electrical and photovoltaic conversion is still being investigated. The means of obtaining selective solar absorbers which have a high solar absorptance and low ir emittance are discussed, and specific data on an electrodeposited black-chrome selective absorber is presented. It is shown that solar–electric generating plants must be constructed at a cost of about $50/m2 to be competitive with other electrical generating plants, and that a meaningful impact on the electrical energy economy will require a fabrication rate of greater than 1.8 × 108 m2 (50 square miles) per year. Present high-volume deposition capabilities are reviewed, and it is shown that for some types of deposition, namely electrodeposition, e-beam vacuum evaporation, and possibly sputter deposition, facilities exist which approach the desired volumes.
Combined Intravenous and Intra-Arterial r-TPA Versus Intra-Arterial Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke (1999)

This pilot study demonstrates combined IV/IA treatment is feasible and provides better recanalization, although it was not associated with improved clinical outcomes. The presence of thrombus on initial arteriography was directly related to the baseline NIHSSS. This approach is technically feasible. The numbers of symptomatic ICH were similar between the 2 groups, which suggests that this approach may be safe. Further study is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of this new method of treatment. Such studies should address not only efficacy and safety but also the cost-benefit ratio and quality of life, given the major investment in time, personnel, and equipment required by combined IV and IA techniques.
Tissue Reactions to Polypyrrole‐Coated Polyesters: A Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry Study (1999)

The electrically conductive properties of polypyrrole (PPy) as a coating on polyester material are very attractive for the manufacture of small diameter blood conduits. However, before these PPy-coated materials can be investigated for their capacity to generate endothelialized luminal surfaces, they must first be studied for their innocuousness in a living environment. The specific goal of the present study was to investigate the in vivo interactions of PPy-coated and noncoated woven polyester materials implanted subcutaneously in rats for prescheduled periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days. The in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times were computed for a small area of muscle tissue adjacent to the implants. A correlation was concurrently attempted with blood monocyte activation studies as well as histological observations of the tissue-material interface. The progressive pattern of the slower transversal relaxation time (T2s) values revealed a more persistent tissue reaction for the most conductive PPy-coated materials and a shorter acute tissue response as the surface resistivity increased. Similarly, the blood monocyte activation studies indicated that the thickness of the PPy coating, which correlated with the conductivity, was directly related to tissue response. Furthermore, both the MR and biological studies showed that the PPy-coated material with a high surface resistivity displayed the lowest tissue reaction over the entire period of implantation. The results obtained from the blood monocyte activation studies and histological observations correlate well with the noninvasive MR measurements of the body's healing process. The conductive materials with high surface resistivities must be further investigated. Finally, the noninvasive nature of MR relaxometry reveals its outstanding potential for future in vivo investigations of the body's tissue interactions with polymers and nonferromagnetic biomaterials.
New Developments in Hybrid Photon Detectors (1998)

New developments in HPD design are presented, triggered by applications in high energy physics and astrophysics. The presented HPD designs are based on three innovations. (i) In order to achieve the highest possible surface coverage in a RICH detector, we introduced a photoelectron focussing method which is efficient to the periphery of the photocathode. (ii) To prevent positive ion feedback in HPDs, we introduced a permanent potential barrier in front of the anode. (iii) To replace a transmittive by a reflective photocathode, we arrived at a conceptually new HPD design with surprisingly good imaging characteristics, high quantum efficiency and low cost.
www.AfricanOpportunity.com (2002)

President Clinton visited the African continent in February 2000 and remarked, "We must think of ourselves as children of one common world. If we wish to deepen peace and prosperity and democracy for ourselves, we must wish it also for the people of Africa. Africa is the cradle of humanity, but also a big part of humanity's future."1 His high-profile tour of the struggling continent focused attention on both African successes and failures. Americans were confronted with the notion that the health of the African continent directly affects the United States due to significant security, economic, and cultural investments there.
MIMO Radar Using Compressive Sampling (2010)

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system is proposed for obtaining angle and Doppler information on potential targets. Transmitters and receivers are nodes of a small scale wireless network and are assumed to be randomly scattered on a disk. The transmit nodes transmit uncorrelated waveforms. Each receive node applies compressive sampling to the received signal to obtain a small number of samples, which the node subsequently forwards to a fusion center. Assuming that the targets are sparsely located in the angle-Doppler space, based on the samples forwarded by the receive nodes the fusion center formulates an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -optimization problem, the solution of which yields target angle and Doppler information. The proposed approach achieves the superior resolution of MIMO radar with far fewer samples than required by other approaches. This implies power savings during the communication phase between the receive nodes and the fusion center. Performance in the presence of a jammer is analyzed for the case of slowly moving targets. Issues related to forming the basis matrix that spans the angle-Doppler space, and for selecting a grid for that space are discussed. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach at difference jammer and noise levels.
Research on Mobility Management in DDQP Mechanism of SUPANET (2009)

High-speed switching, QoS provisioning, security, and mobility are main challenges faced with existing networks and to be confronted by NGN researchers and developers. To address these challenges, SUPANET has been proposed in recent years. But all works on SUPANET have been mainly devoted to high-speed switching and QoS issues, so far, there is no research on the mobility management of SUPANET. To support QoS and mobility simultaneously, a new QoS support mechanism called Differentiated Dynamic QoS Provisioning (DDQP) based on SUPANET has been proposed. To address the mobility problem in DDQP mode, this paper researched the mobility management procedure integrated with MIPv6. Furthermore, an FMIPv6 based QoS-aware handover scheme has been proposed to reduce handover latency and reserve timeslots earlier.
Advances in biological treatment of lignocellulosic materials (1990)

This text features the proceedings of a workshop on Advances in Biological Treatment of Lignocellulosic Materials, held in Lisbon, Portugal, during 25-27 October 1989.
Automated review of natural language requirements documents (2009)

We present an approach to automating some of the quality assurance review of software requirements documents, and promoting best practices for requirements documentation. The system we describe -- the Requirements Analysis Tool (RAT) - has been deployed and is currently being used in pilot projects with large and complex requirements documents. Preliminary results indicate a reduction in time needed to review documents and reduction in requirements defects as well as a change in the way users think about writing requirements. Our approach allows users to write requirements in natural language instead of an artificial formalism. RAT enforces requirements documentation best practices such as using standardized syntaxes and internally-consistent use of terminology. It supports the use of user-extensible glossaries to define terms. The formalism driving RAT is a state-machine, which is used to classify requirements into types based on keywords and then verify that the requirements follow one of the best practice syntaxes supported by the tool. It generates helpful warning messages explaining where requirements are not following best practices and suggests ways to rectify.
I. Experimental Facts: Water‐Nonionic Surfactant Systems, and the Effect of Additives (1996)

Abstract In this introductory article we approach microemulsions from the binary water‐surfactant side. Model systems of the water ‐ nonionic surfactant (C i E j ) type are examined. Many features of microemulsions are observable in these binary systems. As such we discuss the dependence of the cloud points on i and j, the temperature dependence of the viscosity within the micellar phase, and the formation of dilute bilayer phases. The effect of additives is examined, as it permits to gain insight into the structures and interactions. Towards the end of the paper the most important additive for microemulsion formation, the oil, is considered. A special feature of long‐chain surfactants is highlighted, namely, non‐monotonic critical lines leading to very peculiar two‐phase lobes as precursors to the formation of the three‐phase bodies.
On-line empirical mode decomposition biomedical microprocessor for Hilbert Huang transform (2011)

On-chip implementation of Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) has great impact to analyze the non-linear and non-stationary biomedical signals on wearable or implantable sensors for the real-time applications. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is the key component for the HHT processor. In tradition, EMD is usually performed after the collection of a large window of signals, and the long latency may not be feasible for the real-time applications. In this work, the architecture of on-line EMD for biomedical signals is proposed. The on-line interpolation method with data reuse as well as component and iteration loop decomposition is applied to obtain low latency and low hardware cost. The first chip of EMD processor is fabricated in UMC 90nm LL process and consumes 57.3μW.
Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. (1974)

Probability. Some Particular Probability Distributions. Nature of Statistical Methods. Sampling Theory. Probability Distributions for Correlation and Regression. Empirical Methods for Correlation and Regression. Sampling Theory. Probability Distributions for Correlation and Regression. Empirical Methods for Correlation and Regression. General Principles for Statistical Inference. Testing Goodness of Fit. Small Sample Distributions. Statistical Design in Experiments. Nonparametric Methods. Other Methods. Appendix. Answers. Tables. Index.
[Cloned goats produced from the somatic cells of an adult transgenic goat]. (2002)

This study was carried out to examine the effect of different donor cell type and micro-manipulation on the development of reconstituted embryos. Cultured mural cumulus cells or fibroblast cells from an adult transgenic goat expressing human erythropoietin(rhEPO) were used as the donor cells in nuclear transfer experiments. The reconstituted eggs were generated by transferring fibroblast cells or cumulus cells into the perivitelline space of enucleated M II oocytes and then followed by electrofusion and activation. After 6 days' incubation in vivo, the reconstructed embryos developed into morulae or blastocysts were transferred into 6 foster recipients. Two of the foster-mothers were pregnant and gave birth to two offspring, which were derived from the fibroblast cell and cumulus cell, respectively. Fingerprint analysis showed that the PCR-RFLP patterns of the two offspring were identical to that of donor goats. PCR results indicated that these cloned goats carried hEPO gene as same as their donor cells.
Esters of cephalosporins. Part I. Permeability of cefuroxime liberated from its 1-acetoxyethyl ester through biological membranes; influence of the form and size of the ester particles. (1997)

Concentrations of cefuroxime [II] in blood of rats were measured 30 and 60 min. after administration of amorphous form possessing various particles size (ranging from 0.09 to 0.4 nm) and crystal form of 1-acethoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime [I]. In vitro the concentrations of [II] were measured 15 and 45 min. after application of [I]. HPLC method was used for cefuroxime estimation. Close correlation between the particles size of the amorphous [I] and the concentrations of [II] in vivo as well as in vitro was found, the particles with lover size possessed higher bioavailability. The cefuroxime front the crystal form of ester is poorly absorbed and the concentrations of [II] after its application were similar to those observed after of the bigest particles of amorphous form both in vivo and in vitro.
Robust dipstick urinalysis using a low-cost, micro-volume slipping manifold and mobile phone platform (2016)

We introduce a novel manifold and companion software for dipstick urinalysis that eliminate many of the aspects that are traditionally plagued by user error: precise sample delivery, accurate readout timing, and controlled lighting conditions. The proposed all-acrylic slipping manifold is reusable, reliable, and low in cost. A simple timing mechanism ensures results are read out at the appropriate time. Results are obtained by capturing videos using a mobile phone and by analyzing them using custom-designed software. We show that the results obtained with the proposed device are as accurate and consistent as a properly executed dip-and-wipe method, the industry gold-standard, suggesting the potential for this strategy to enable confident urinalysis testing in home environments.
Multiple Causes-of-death Statistics in South Africa: Their Utility and Changing Profile over the Period 1997 to 2001 (2003)

In analyses of causes of death, two sets of statistics often used are that of ‘underlying cause of death’ and ‘multiple causes of death’, with the former being far more popular, but not necessarily more important, than the latter. Underlying-cause-of-death statistics are basically summary statistics, in which, all the causes of death mentioned in the death certificate are reduced to one cause of death, ‘the one that started the chain of events leading to the death’. As Israel