gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved tone concatenation rules in a formant-based Chinese text-to-speech system (1993)

A set of improved tone concatenation rules to be used in a formant-based Mandarin Chinese text-to-speech system is presented. This system concatenates prestored syllables superimposed by additional tone patterns to obtain speech sentences for unlimited text, with the acoustic properties of each syllable modified by a set of synthesis rules. The tone concatenation rules are the most important among these synthesis rules, because they tell how the tone patterns for the syllables should be modified in an arbitrary sentence under various conditions of concatenating syllables of different tones on both sides. The improved tone concatenation rules are obtained empirically by carefully analyzing the tone pattern behavior under various tone concatenation conditions for many sentences in a database. A total of 14 representative tone patterns are defined for the five tones, and different rules about which pattern should be used under what kind of tone concatenation conditions are organized in detail. Preliminary subjective tests indicate that these rules actually give better synthesized speech for a formant-based Chinese text-to-speech system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adsorption of Gold(III) Ions onto Chitosan and <i>N</i>-Carboxymethyl Chitosan:  Equilibrium Studies (1999)

The adsorption of gold(III) ions onto chitosan and N-carboxymethyl chitosan (NCMC) has been investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of pH, agitation period, and concentration of Au3+ ions. It was shown that the adsorption of Au3+ ions occurred only at the optimum pH. Kinetic studies showed a rapid adsorption of Au3+ from aqueous solution. Adsorption isothermal data could be interpreted by the Langmuir equation. Langmuir constants have been determined. The experimental data of the adsorption equilibrium from Au3+ solutions correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm equation. The uptake of Au3+ on chitosan and NCMC were 30.95 mg/g of chitosan and 33.90 mg/g of NCMC. The Au3+ ions were readily removed from chitosan and NCMC by treatment with an aqueous EDTA solution.
Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man (1980)

1. Previous studies in man have revealed a coupling between the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. In normal man, increases in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen leads to proportional increases in the rCBF(34). We have measured the rCBF as an expression of the level of cortical activity simultaneously from 254 cortical regions in 28 patients with no major neurological defects, during rest and during planning and execution of a few types of learned voluntary movements with the hand. 2. We found that the rCBF increases exclusively in the supplementary motor area while subjects were programming a sequence of fast isolated movements of individual fingers, without actually executing it. 3. During execution of the same motor sequence, there were equivalent increases of the rCBF in both supplementary motor areas, but only in the contralateral primary motor area. In addition, there were more modest rCBF increases in the contralateral sensory hand area, the convexity part of the premotor area, and bilaterally in the inferior frontal region. 4. Repetitive fast flexions of the same finger or a sustained isometric muscular contraction raise the blood flow in the contralateral primary motor and sensory hand area. 5. A pure somatosensory discrimination of the shapes of objects, without any concomitant voluntary movements, also leaves the supplementary motor areas silent. 6. We conclude that the primary motor area and the part of the motor system it projects to by itself can control ongoing simple ballistic movements with the self-same body part. A sequence of different isolated finger movements requires programming in the supplementary motor areas. We suggest that the supplementary motor areas are programming areas for motor subroutines and that these areas form a queue of time-ordered motor commands before voluntary movement are executed by way of the primary motor area.
Spices (1997)

Spices are used throughout the world to season food products and create the unique characteristic flavors of different cuisines. Spices are grown primarily in tropical countries although the United States has recently started growing a number of different spices to supply the domestic needs. The use of spices has increased significantly over the past few years, due in part to the high level of interest in different types of foods that use a wide variety of spices. Interest is also developing in the ability of spices to act as antioxidants in addition to seasoning a product
Brain Microglial Cytokines in Neurogenic Hypertension (2010)

Accumulating evidence indicates a key role of inflammation in hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. However, the role of inflammatory processes in neurogenic hypertension remains to be determined. Thus, our objective in the present study was to test the hypothesis that activation of microglial cells and the generation of proinflammatory cytokines in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contribute to neurogenic hypertension. Intracerebroventricular infusion of minocycline, an anti-inflammatory antibiotic, caused a significant attenuation of mean arterial pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and plasma norepinephrine induced by chronic angiotensin II infusion. This was associated with decreases in the numbers of activated microglia and mRNAs for interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and an increase in the mRNA for IL-10 in the PVN. Overexpression of IL-10 induced by recombinant adenoassociated virus-mediated gene transfer in the PVN mimicked the antihypertensive effects of minocycline. Furthermore, acute application of a proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1beta, into the left ventricle or the PVN in normal rats resulted in a significant increase in mean arterial pressure. Collectively, this indicates that angiotensin II induced hypertension involves activation of microglia and increases in proinflammatory cytokines in the PVN. These data have significant implications on the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for the control of neurogenic hypertension.
Applications of synthetic resin latices (2001)

Application of synthetic resin latices in the construction and building industries - bonding and sealants applications of latices in the paper industry latices in leather finishing applications of polymer latices in manufacturing and finishing of textiles applications of synthetic resin latices in polishes miscellaneous applications of polymer latices.
Preliminary design of a Tandem-Mirror-Next-Step facility (1980)

The Tandem-Mirror-Next-Step (TMNS) facility is designed to demonstrate the engineering feasibility of a tandem-mirror reactor. The facility is based on a deuterium-tritium (D-T) burning, tandem-mirror device with a fusion power output of 245 MW. The fusion power density in the central cell is 2.1 MW/m/sup 3/, with a resultant neutron wall loading of 0.5 MW/m/sup 2/. Overall machine length is 116 m, and the effective central-cell length is 50.9 m. The magnet system includes end cells with yin-yang magnets to provide magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability and thermal-barrier cells to help achieve a plasma Q of 4.7 (where Q = fusion power/injected power). Neutral beams at energies up to 200 keV are used for plasma heating, fueling, and barrier pumping. Electron cyclotron resonant heating at 50 and 100 GHz is used to control the electron temperature in the barriers. Based on the resulting engineering design, the overall cost of the facility is estimated to be just under $1 billion. Unresolved physics issues include central-cell ..beta..-limits against MHD ballooning modes (the assumed reference value of ..beta.. exceeds the current theory-derived limit), and the removal of thermalized ..cap alpha..-particles from the plasma.
Transplantation and hemodialysis. I. The recipient's response to renal transplantation (1966)

Medical advances force new judgments and evaluations. The ethics, legality, and morality of organ transplantation, a recent and still unpredictable therapeutic procedure, has already elicited editorials, special articles, and conferences.<sup>1-5</sup>A consensus seems to have been reached acknowledging the morality of a voluntary donation of a kidney by a relative or friend and the legality of the donation by a minor under the age of 21.<sup>6</sup>Less thought has been devoted to the prospective recipient. Often his opinion and reaction is only guessed at on subjective evidence. At the present time, if the kidney donor is a living relative, approximately 70% of the recipients will survive for at least one year; if the donor is an unrelated cadaver, the chances for a one-year survival are about 50%. Failure may occur for three reasons: (1) inexorable immunological rejection not responsive to immunosuppressive drugs, (2) adverse drug effect on the
Insulin as a key autoantigen in the development of type 1 diabetes (2011)

Type 1 diabetes is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease against pancreatic beta cells. T cells target various antigens such as insulin, chromogranin A, glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein. Elimination of insulin dramatically prevents diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model and response to insulin occurs prior to that to other antigens. These findings suggest that insulin is a target antigen at the early stage of the disease and is likely to be essential to cause anti-islet autoimmunity in NOD mice. In this review, we discuss whether insulin is truly essential and is only the single essential autoantigen for NOD mice and potentially for man. Although the ultimate principle is still being addressed, it is certain that T-cell response to insulin is a major check point to develop type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Given multiple similarities between diabetes of NOD mice and man, targeting insulin and insulin-reactive T cells may provide opportunities to develop robust immunotherapies.
Urokinase and its receptors in chronic kidney disease (2008)

This review focuses on the role of the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its high affinity receptor uPAR/CD87 in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. An emerging theme is their organ- and site-specific effects. In addition to tubules, uPA is produced by macrophages and fibroblasts in CKD. By activating hepatocyte growth factor and degrading fibrinogen uPA may have anti-fibrotic effects. However renal fibrosis was similar between uPA wild-type and knockout mice in experimental CKD. The uPAR is expressed by renal parenchymal cells and inflammatory cells in a variety of kidney diseases. Such expression appears anti-fibrotic based on studies in uPAR-deficient mice. In CKD uPAR expression is associated with higher uPA activity but its most important effect appears to be due to effects on cell recruitment and migration that involve interactions with a variety of co-receptors and chemoattractant effects of soluble uPAR. Vitronectin and high molecular weight kininogen are alternate uPAR ligands, and receptors in addition to uPAR may also bind directly to uPA and activate cell signaling pathways.
Functional analysis of interactions between Tat and the trans-activation response element of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cells (1993)

Transcriptional trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat requires that the virally encoded Tat effector interacts with its target trans-activation response element (TAR) RNA stem-loop. Although the arginine-rich region of Tat from amino acids 49 to 59 is sufficient to bind to TAR RNA in vitro, the RNA-binding domain of Tat has not been defined in vivo. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 also encodes the Rev protein, which acts through an RNA stem-loop called the Rev-response element to transport unspliced and singly spliced viral RNA species from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. To map the RNA-binding domain of Tat, we performed assays that relied on Rev function using the heterologous RNA-tethering mechanism of Tat and the TAR. By examining the effects of selected targeted mutations of Tat on the abilities of hybrid Tat/Rev proteins to rescue the expression of unspliced mRNA via the TAR, we demonstrated that residues throughout the N-terminal 59 amino acids of Tat are required for binding of Tat and TAR RNA in vivo.
Allogenic umbilical cord blood therapy combined with erythropoietin for patients with severe traumatic brain injury: Three case reports (2013)

The allogenic UCB therapy combined with rhEPO in the present study was safe and suggested potential therapeutic efficacy for patients with TBI. Controlled clinical trials are now needed to document efficiacy and safety in a larger patient sample.
Synthesis of Cannabinol by a Modified Ullmann-Ziegler Cross-Coupling (2013)

Cannabinol, a pharmaceutically interesting component of cannabis, was prepared by a modified Ullmann–Ziegler cross-coupling. Using easily obtainable starting materials, this convergent approach allows facile access to a variety of cannabinol derivatives.
Estrogen receptor immunocytochemistry in paraffin embedded tissues with ER1D5 predicts breast cancer endocrine response more accurately than H222Spγ in frozen sections or cytosol-based ligand-binding assays (1996)

ER can be detected in routine tissue sections processed with antigen retrieval and ER1D5, and can be relied upon to provide accurate prognostic information regarding response to endocrine therapies in breast cancer patients.
Semantic object synchronous understanding in SALT for highly interactive user interface (2003)

SALT is an industrial standard that enables speech input/output for Web applications. Although the core design is to make simple tasks easy, SALT gives the designers ample fine-grained controls to create advanced user interface. The paper exploits a speech input mode in which SALT would dynamically report partial semantic parses while audio capturing is still ongoing. The semantic parses can be evaluated and the outcome reported immediately back to the user. The potential impact for the dialog systems is that tasks conventionally performed in a system turn can now be carried out in the midst of a user turn, thereby presenting a significant departure from the conventional turn-taking. To assess the efficacy of such highly interactive interface, more user studies are undoubtedly needed. This paper demonstrates how SALT can be employed to facilitate such studies.
A Smart Handover Decision Algorithm Using Location Prediction for Hierarchical Macro/Femto-Cell Networks (2011)

To reduce the number of unnecessary handover in hierarchical macro/femto-cell networks, it is necessary to avoid macro → femto cell handovers of temporary femtocell visitors who stay in the femtocell for a relatively short time. In this paper, we propose a smart handover decision algorithm exploiting future mobility pattern prediction scheme to prevent macro → femto cell handovers of such temporary femtocell visitors. Our simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the number of unnecessary handovers.
Expression of Concern: Understanding the Impact of Inductance in Carbon Nanotube Bundles for VLSI Interconnect Using Scalable Modeling Techniques (2006)

In this paper, we develop accurate and scalable models for the magnetic inductance in bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes, which have been proposed as a means to alleviate the increasingly critical resistance problems associated with traditional copper interconnect in very large scale integration (VLSI) applications. The models consider the density and statistical distribution of both metallic and semiconducting nanotubes within the bundle. We evaluate the speed, accuracy, and scalability of our magnetic inductance modeling techniques and previously proposed inductance models. The inductance model with the best performance evaluates the magnetic inductance of nanotube bundles with excellent accuracy when compared to modeling each nanotube individually and provides orders of magnitude improvement in CPU time as the bundle size increases. Leveraging the magnetic inductance modeling techniques, we determine the relative impact of magnetic and kinetic inductance. Based on our results, the relative value of magnetic and kinetic inductance on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles is highly dependent on the bundle geometry and the per unit length kinetic inductance
BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE USTILAGINALES: II. ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF USTILAGIC ACID (1951)

The needlelike crystals which form in aerated submerged cultures of the corn smut Ustilago zeae (PRL-119) were found to be a D-glucolipid, m.p. 146-7°C, [Formula: see text] (pyridine), which contained one carboxyl group, two ester groups, at least two terminal methyl groups, and two D-glucose residues per mole. On the basis of elementary analyses, neutralization equivalent, and molecular weight estimations, the molecular formula of the material isolated was approximately C 37 H 62−6 O 17 . The substance was not shown to be chemically homogeneous. Conditions used in culturing the fungus in stirred fermentors to produce the crystalline metabolic product, which was termed "ustilagic acid", are described, and a procedure for the isolation of the material is given.
MYC pathway is activated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and essential for proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells (2008)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major and aggressive subtype of RCC. Previously, we identified 383 differentially expressed genes by analyzing full-length cDNA libraries of ccRCC and normal kidney tissues. In this study, we applied functional network analysis to the differentially expressed genes for identifying deregulated molecular pathways in ccRCC, and the results indicated that MYC showed a prominent role in the highest scoring network. The upregulation of MYC expression was validated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, Knockdown of MYC expression by MYC-specific siRNA significantly inhibited the abilities of uncontrolled proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and arrested cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase in ccRCC cells. Moreover, we found that 37 differentially expressed genes were shown to be MYC-target genes, and the upregulation of the MYC-target genes BCL2, CCND1, PCNA, PGK1, and VEGFA were demonstrated. The expression of these MYC-target genes was significantly correlated with the expression of MYC in ccRCC tissues, and knockdown of MYC also suppressed the expression of these MYC-target genes in ccRCC cells. The recruitment of MYC to the promoter regions of BCL2, CCND1, PCNA, PGK1, and VEGFA was shown by Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These results suggest that MYC pathway is activated and plays an essential role in the proliferation of ccRCC cells.
Hyperacute rejection in a discordant (pig to baboon) cardiac xenograft model. (1987)

Eight freshly excised pig hearts were hemoperfused by baboons in vivo. Cardiac function ceased in six hearts after a mean period of 90 minutes of perfusion (range 30 to 190 minutes). Two hearts continued functioning for the 4-hour study period. On microscopic examination, seven hearts, including one that continued beating, showed histopathologic features of hyperacute rejection. IgG, IgM, and C3 were strongly present on the myocardium in all cases. Hemoperfusion was associated with significant increases in heart mass (p less than 0.002) and circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (p less than 0.03) and reductions in coronary blood flow (p less than 0.0001), circulating lymphocytes (p less than 0.03), and C4 (p less than 0.03). Preformed circulating anti-pig antibodies disappeared in all but one baboon. Hyperacute rejection in this discordant xenograft model that used a nonhuman primate as "recipient" differs in few aspects from that seen in other experimental models. Possible methods of prolonging xenograft survival are discussed.
Review analyzer analysis of product reviews on WEKA classifiers (2015)

E-transactions have become promising and very much convenient due to worldwide and usage of the internet. The consumer reviews are increasing rapidly in number on various products. These large numbers of reviews are beneficial to manufacturers and consumers alike. It is a big task for a potential consumer to read all reviews to make a good decision of purchasing. It is beneficial to mine available consumer reviews for popular products from various product review sites of consumer. The first step is performing sentiment analysis to decide the polarity of a review. On the basis of polarity, we can then classify the review. Comparison is made among the different WEKA classifiers in the form of charts and graphs.
A high-frame-rate ultrasound system for the study of tissue motions (2010)

In this article, a technique for measuring fast periodic motion is proposed. The sequencing used in this technique is similar to the one used in conventional color Doppler systems. However, a phase correction algorithm is introduced which compensates for the acquisition delays. Criteria for the types of motion which could be detected correctly by the system are developed and presented. Effective frame rates of several hundred hertz to a few kilohertz have been achieved with the system. Applications of the system in tissue elastography are presented together with experimental results from tissue mimicking phantoms.
Multiple Ordering Transitions: Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Rod–Coil Block Copolymers (2003)

Organized structures over length scales differing by 10 3 are reported, i.e., crystals of rod block (unit cell ∼ 1 nm), block copolymer microdomains (layer periodicity ∼ 50 nm), and Néel domain walls (wall periodicity ∼ 1000 nm)—see Figure and inside front cover. The result is an example of combined dynamic and static self‐ assembly, which creates an unconventional morphology with multiple length scales in a single‐step process.
IL-12 and Viral Infections (1998)

Interleukin-12 activates natural killer cells and promotes the differentiation of Th1 CD4+ cells; it is a critical factor in viral immunity. IL-12 is secreted by antigen presenting cells including dendritic cells, macrophages and astrocytes, both in tissues and in secondary lymphoid organs. Experimental studies have shown that administration of the cytokine rapidly activates both innate and specific immune responses; this results in enhanced host cellular responses and generally, promotes clearance of virus and host recovery from infection. The observations of many laboratories, studying viral immunity to both RNA and DNA based pathogens, are summarized.
Experimental evaluation of joint position estimation using inertial sensors (2017)

In this paper we study the problem of estimating the position of a joint that is connecting two rigid links in a biomechanical model. By equipping the two links with inertial sensors, which measure linear acceleration and angular velocity, it is possible to estimate the joint position. Estimation methods for this problem have been proposed before, but experimental evaluation and comparison between methods is lacking. The main contribution of this paper is an experimental evaluation of three different methods, a least-squares method and two iterative optimization methods that minimize a sum of squared errors and a sum of absolute errors. The iterative methods turns out to be superior to the least-squares method. Minimizing the sum of squared errors is faster but not as robust against outliers as minimizing the sum of absolute errors.