gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cell wall and membrane proteins from eight<i>Candida</i>species (1984)

Cell surface proteins from eight Candida species were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cell wall proteins of these species were similar in their electrophoretic patterns. On the other hand, differences were detected among the patterns of membrane proteins, although C. albicans serotypes A and B gave similar electrophoretic patterns, and so did two species (C. pseudotropicalis and C. parapsilosis).
RAPID AND EFFICIENT ARBUZOV REACTION UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION (1998)

Abstract Diethyl alkylphosphonates are efficiently and rapidly prepared in good yields (75–99%) from trialkylphosphates and alkyl halides under short microwaves irradiations.
COPS-SLS: a service level negotiation protocol for the internet (2002)

The deployment of QoS over the Internet may achieve protocols for the negotiation of service levels, as well as mechanisms for the end-to-end realization of service level agreements. Such general-purpose protocols include Common Open Policy Service (COPS) for policy specification within a domain. This article proposes an extension of the COPS protocol for intra- and interdomain service level negotiation. The proposed protocol is known as COPS-SLS. This allows the configuration of domain policies regarding service levels, and the automatic negotiation of service levels within the domain policies.
Natural Language Processing techniques for researching and improving peer feedback (2012)

Peer review has been viewed as a promising solution for improving students' writing, which still remains a great challenge for educators. However, one core problem with peer review of writing is that potentially useful feedback from peers is not always presented in ways that lead to revision. Our prior investigations found that whether students implement feedback is significantly correlated with two feedback features: localization information and concrete solutions. But focusing on feedback features is time-intensive for researchers and instructors. We apply data mining and Natural Language Processing techniques to automatically code reviews for these feedback features. Our results show that it is feasible to provide intelligent support to peer review systems to automatically assess students' reviewing performance with respect to problem localization and solution. We also show that similar research conclusions about helpfulness perceptions of feedback across students and different expert types can be drawn from automatically coded data and from hand-coded data.
Electromagnetic missiles (1985)

Under transient excitation the energy transmitted by an antenna of finite size to a faraway receiver can decrease much more slowly than the usual R−2. Instead, by a suitable choice of excitation, this quantity can decrease as slowly as one wishes, under the physical restriction that the total energy radiated by the antenna is finite. Such cases of slow decrease are referred to as electromagnetic missiles. Another way of stating the result is that the product of the following two quantities can approach zero as slowly as one wishes: (1) the energy transmitted per unit area of receiver, and (2) the total area of the receiver. Examples are constructed when either one, but not both, of these quantities remains finite at infinite distance.
The Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Is Genetically Monomorphic and under Strong Selection to Evade Tomato Immunity (2011)

Recently, genome sequencing of many isolates of genetically monomorphic bacterial human pathogens has given new insights into pathogen microevolution and phylogeography. Here, we report a genome-based micro-evolutionary study of a bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Only 267 mutations were identified between five sequenced isolates in 3,543,009 nt of analyzed genome sequence, which suggests a recent evolutionary origin of this pathogen. Further analysis with genome-derived markers of 89 world-wide isolates showed that several genotypes exist in North America and in Europe indicating frequent pathogen movement between these world regions. Genome-derived markers and molecular analyses of key pathogen loci important for virulence and motility both suggest ongoing adaptation to the tomato host. A mutational hotspot was found in the type III-secreted effector gene hopM1. These mutations abolish the cell death triggering activity of the full-length protein indicating strong selection for loss of function of this effector, which was previously considered a virulence factor. Two non-synonymous mutations in the flagellin-encoding gene fliC allowed identifying a new microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) in a region distinct from the known MAMP flg22. Interestingly, the ancestral allele of this MAMP induces a stronger tomato immune response than the derived alleles. The ancestral allele has largely disappeared from today's Pto populations suggesting that flagellin-triggered immunity limits pathogen fitness even in highly virulent pathogens. An additional non-synonymous mutation was identified in flg22 in South American isolates. Therefore, MAMPs are more variable than expected differing even between otherwise almost identical isolates of the same pathogen strain.
Opinion Sentence and Topic Relevant Sentence Extraction by Using Coherent Structure among the Sentences. (2008)

We developed a new sentence extraction framework, the Sliding Window Framework, by using coherent structure among the sentences. Coherent structure means that the sentences that relate to a certain topic in an article are written in clusters to preserve the log-ical organization. To use the structure, our method makes blocks that consist of sentences in a window of a certain size, then estimates the score of each block, and judges each sentence from the scores. We ap-plied our framework to opinion sentence extraction and topic relevant sentence extraction. In the result of our experiments, our framework achieved a very high recall ratio and a high F-value.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math>-edge absorption spectra of selected vanadium compounds (1984)

High-resolution vanadium $K$-edge absorption spectra have been recorded for a number of selected vanadium compounds of known chemical structure with use of the synchrotron radiation available at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The compounds studied include the oxides VO, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$; the vanadates ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}$${\mathrm{VO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{CrVO}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{5}$${({\mathrm{VO}}_{4})}_{3}$ Cl; the vanadyl compounds ${\mathrm{VOSO}}_{4}$.${3\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, vanadyl bis(1-phenyl-1,3-butane) dionate, vanadyl phthalocyanine, and vanadyl tetraphenylporphyrin; the intermetallics VH, ${\mathrm{VB}}_{2}$, VC, VN, VP, and ${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}$; and ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ and a vanadium-bearing mineral, roscoelite. Vanadium in these compounds exhibits a wide range of formal oxidation states (0 to +5) and coordination geometries (octahedral, tetrahedral, square pyramid, etc.) with various ligands. The object of this systematic investigation is to gain further understanding of the details of various absorption features in the vicinity of the $K$ absorption edge of a constituent element in terms of its valence, site symmetry, coordination geometry, ligand type, and bond distances. In particular, the intensity and position of a well-defined pre-edged absorption in some of these compounds have been analyzed semiquantitatively within a molecular-orbital framework and a simple coordination-charge concept.
Minutia Cylinder-Code: A New Representation and Matching Technique for Fingerprint Recognition (2010)

In this paper, we introduce the Minutia Cylinder-Code (MCC): a novel representation based on 3D data structures (called cylinders), built from minutiae distances and angles. The cylinders can be created starting from a subset of the mandatory features (minutiae position and direction) defined by standards like ISO/IEC 19794-2 (2005). Thanks to the cylinder invariance, fixed-length, and bit-oriented coding, some simple but very effective metrics can be defined to compute local similarities and to consolidate them into a global score. Extensive experiments over FVC2006 databases prove the superiority of MCC with respect to three well-known techniques and demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining a very effective (and interoperable) fingerprint recognition implementation for light architectures.
Linearly tapered slot antenna with dielectric superstrate (2002)

The effect of dielectric superstrate on a linearly tapered slot antenna (LTSA) was investigated experimentally. It was observed that the dielectric superstrate improves the directivity but generally at the expense of higher sidelobe level. It improves the patterns and directivity of the antenna by increasing the electrical length and effective aperture of the antenna. The dielectric superstrate could be used to reduce the physical length and to improve the radiation characteristics of the LTSA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IN VIVO STUDIES OF THE MAINTENANCE OF PERIPHERAL TRANSPLANT TOLERANCE AFTER CYCLOSPORINE (1995)

Cellular mechanisms responsible for maintenance of peripheral transplant tolerance in a rodent model were evaluated. Donor-specific tolerance was established in ACI rats given a vascularized heterotopic cardiac allograft followed by a 10-day course of cyclosporine. Tolerance was associated with a reduction in donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors and the presence within the spleen of cells capable of transferring suppression in adoptive transfer assays. Experiments using thymectomized animals revealed that the establishment and maintenance of tolerance occurred peripherally, independently of the thymus. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that ongoing graft tolerance was mediated by suppressor cells that were antigen-restricted, radiosensitive, and capable of preventing allograft rejection by naive as well as sensitized cells in vivo. Studies designed to disrupt tolerance demonstrated a remarkable durability of graft protection once established, and give insight into the identity and mechanism of action of suppressor cells generated in this model.
Jnk1 but not jnk2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice† (2005)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis and varying degrees of necroinflammation. Although chronic oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and insulin resistance have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the mechanisms that underlie the initiation and progression of this disease remain unknown. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by oxidants and cytokines and regulates hepatocellular injury and insulin resistance, suggesting that this kinase may mediate the development of steatohepatitis. The presence and function of JNK activation were therefore examined in the murine methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet model of steatohepatitis. Activation of hepatic JNK, c-Jun, and AP-1 signaling occurred in parallel with the development of steatohepatitis in MCD diet-fed mice. Investigations in jnk1 and jnk2 knockout mice demonstrated that jnk1, but not jnk2, was critical for MCD diet-induced JNK activation. JNK promoted the development of steatohepatitis as MCD diet-fed jnk1 null mice had significantly reduced levels of hepatic triglyceride accumulation, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, liver injury, and apoptosis compared with wild-type and jnk2 -/- mice. Ablation of jnk1 led to an increase in serum adiponectin but had no effect on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In conclusion, JNK1 is responsible for JNK activation that promotes the development of steatohepatitis in the MCD diet model. These findings also provide additional support for the critical mechanistic involvement of JNK1 overactivation in conditions associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
Reorganization of Porous Silicon: Effect on Epitaxial Layer Quality and Detachment (2014)

Cost reduction is still a main goal in solar cell research and can be achieved by going towards thinner silicon bulk material. One way to avoid kerf loss and to reach thicknesses of less than 50 μm is a lift-off approach using porous silicon and epitaxial thickening for silicon foil fabrication. The porous layer structure requires a reorganization step that was varied in this work to optimize the detachment properties and the crystal quality of the epitaxial Si film. All processes were carried out in a quasi-inline Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition (APCVD) reactor. Cross–sections were observed to see if the porous layer shows the desired structure. Stacking fault densities in epitaxial layers deposited on porous silicon layers significantly decrease with increasing reorganization time but are at least one order of magnitude higher than in epitaxial layers deposited on polished wafers. Microwave photoconductive decay (MWPCD) measurements and photo luminescence (PL) imaging were carried out to determine the effective carrier lifetimes of the detached foils and to correlate them with stacking faults and cracks. A detached 40 μm thin silicon foil with an averaged effective carrier lifetime of 22 μs is shown which corresponds to a diffusion length of over 200 μm. This investigation shows that silicon foils deposited in a quasi-inline APCVD reactor exhibit good detachment properties and a good crystal quality, which is both needed for high efficiency solar cell processing.
Recognition of shapes by statistical modeling of centroidal profile (2002)

The recognition of unknown shapes by using maximum-likelihood methods is considered. The contour of a shape is represented by its centroidal profile, and it is fitted by a circular autoregressive model. The authors develop a decision rule to test whether two unknown shapes are identical. Then they develop a decision rule to classify an unknown object as a known object. Maximum-likelihood decision rules for these cases are derived. The decision rules are invariant to translation, rotation, and size change after the normalization of estimates. The developed algorithms are used to classify different machine parts and aircraft shapes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design considerations for three-terminal optically addressed MQW spatial light modulators (1986)

Although current developments in multiple quantum well (MQW) device technology show great promise, problems remain when considered in the larger framework of processing element (PE) arrays. Spatial light modulation requires many small modulator cells (25 × 25 μ m 2 ) with low switching energy (<20 fJ/ μ m 2 ), low driving voltage (<20 V), good dynamic range (> 10 dB), and integrable into large arrays (>100 × 100 PEs) with a technology compatible with detector fabrication. For digital optical processors to become viable, spatial light modulators with at least 10 4 processing elements operating at 100-MHz frame rate are required. Assuming ideal detection efficiency, a unity power gain, and operation near thermal limits, this frame rate results in an impractical input light power density of 100 W/cm 2 for a modulator array consuming 10 fJ/ μ m 2 . To ease the optical power requirements a power gain of several hundred must be achieved. For an acceptable dynamic range the processing elements should be three-terminal devices consisting of physically separated detectors and MQW modulators and should be biased at lower energies than the energy corresponding to the excitonic absorption peak. This is in contrast to two-terminal optical bistable devices using the self-electroabsorption effect and operable only with low dynamic range. A detector with high gain is also essential for weak signals to produce larger photocurrents than the currents generated in the MQW modulator. GaAs/GaAIAs heterojunction bipolar phototransistors may be good candidates to perform the required detection functions, because of their compatibility with GaAs/GaAIAs MQW modulator technology.
Identification of Mercury and Dissolved Organic Matter Complexes Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2016)

The chemical speciation and bioavailability of mercury (Hg) is markedly influenced by its complexation with naturally dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments. To date, however, analytical methodologies capable of identifying such complexes are scarce. Here, we utilize ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) coupled with electrospray ionization to identify individual Hg-DOM complexes. The measurements were performed by direct infusion of DOM in a 1:1 methanol:water solution at a Hg to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) molar ratio of 3 × 10<sup>-4</sup>. Heteroatomic molecules, especially those containing multiple S and N atoms, were found to be among the most important in forming strong complexes with Hg. Major Hg-DOM complexes of C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>Hg<sup>+</sup> and C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>17</sub>N<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>Hg<sup>+</sup> were identified based on both the exact molecular mass and patterns of Hg stable isotope distributions detected by FTICR-MS. Density functional theory was used to predict the solution-phase structures of candidate molecules. These findings represent the first step to unambiguously identify specific DOM molecules in Hg binding, although future studies are warranted to further optimize and validate the methodology so as to explore detailed molecular compositions and structures of Hg-DOM complexes that affect biological uptake and transformation of Hg in the environment.
Embedded thermal management solution for power electronics PCB using additive manufacturing (2017)

Thermal management for power electronics is gaining lot of attention over the recent years due to the harsh environmental requirements of electro-mechanical system usage. Conventional thermal solutions for power electronics using passive & active cooling techniques like heat sinks and fans are effective and cost efficient. But the new systems require highly power dense packaging design, which in turn makes the design engineers to opt for novel, smaller & lightweight thermal solutions. This paper focusses on the research work conducted to design and develop an embedded thermal management solution for a low power electronics PCB using additive manufacturing technique. Embedded thermal management materials used for this study are flat heat pipes, pyrolytic graphite sheets and dual cool jets. In addition to understanding the thermal performance of the above mentioned combination of materials, a technique to manufacture the PCB with customized embedded thermal solutions is also proposed in this paper. In order to prove the performance of the idea proposed, thermal and CFD simulations were done for different combination of designs. Also to validate the simulations results an experimental setup of a particular power electronics application was tested with the heat pipes and graphite sheets using thermal camera.
Expression of β - Galactosidase Gene of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962 in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis MG1363 (2000)

A 4.4 kb DNA fragment encompassing lacA (galactoside acetyltransferase) and lacZ (β-galactosidase) genes from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962 (L. lactis 7962) was introduced into a Lac- strain, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis MG1363 (L. lactis MG1363) by using a lactococcal expression vector, pMG36e and expression level of lacZ was examined. Growth rates and β-galactosidase (β-gal) activities of MG1363 cells carrying recombinant plasmid, pMLZ3, on M17 broth containing different carbon sources (1%, w/v) were examined. Contrary to the expectations, MG1363 [pMLZ3] grown on lactose showed the lowest enzyme activity (17 units) and cells grown on galactose had the highest β-gal activity (41 units). Cells grown on glucose had intermediate activity (33 units). These activities are about one tenth of the values observed in L. lactis 7962 where lacZ is present as a single-copy gene in the chromosome. When the cellular concentrations of lacZ transcript were examined using slot blot hybridization, it was found that MG1363 [pMLZ3] produced sufficient amounts of transcript. These results indicate that either proteolytic degradation of β-gal or other regulatory mechanisms prevent the translation or accumulation of β-gal in L. lactis MG1363 cells. In regard to regulation, the presence of the ccpA gene in L. lactis MG1363 was confirmed by Southern blot.
Bioactive amides of fatty acids. (1998)

Amides of fatty acids are lipid bioregulators formed from long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids via amidation by the corresponding amines. Ethanolamides of fatty acids are the most well-studied species of this group; an alternative pathway for their biosynthesis includes hydrolysis of N-acylated phosphatidylethanolamines by phospholipase D. Ethanolamides of fatty acids bind to the cannabinoid receptors of the central nervous system (CB1) or peripheral tissues (CB2) and can be considered as endogenous ligands of these receptors. Their pharmacological properties are similar to that of cannabimimetics. Simple amides of fatty acids are also endogenous bioregulators acting like sleep-inducing (oleamide) or angiogenic factors (erucamide). A new group of bioregulators comprise the amides of fatty acids and biologically active amines (vanillinamine, dopamine, and serotonin).
Monitoring of blood oxygen tension during and after anesthesia with a bed-side PO2 meter. (1977)

Monitoring of the state of oxygenation of surgical patients during and after anesthesia has been a problem of increasing interest, especially in those cases in which clinical judgment of skin colour alone is unreliable. Therefore a clinical trial is described with a bed-side PO2-measuring device. Results of duplo measurements in arterial blood samples show good correlation with laboratory control values. It is concluded that--if periodically checked by a laboratory apparatus -- the PO2 bed-side analyser could be an useful instrument for semicontinuous monitoring of blood PO2 during anesthesia and in recovery room and intensive care unit.