gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cache-Based Memory Copy Hardware Accelerator for Multicore Systems (2010)

In this paper, we present a new architecture of the cache-based memory copy hardware accelerator in a multicore system supporting message passing. The accelerator is able to accelerate memory data movements, in particular memory copies. We perform an analytical analysis based on open-queuing theory to study the utilization of our accelerator in a multicore system. In order to correctly model the system, we gather the necessary information by utilizing a full-system simulator. We present both the simulation results and the analytical analysis. We demonstrate the advantages of our solution based on a full-system simulator utilizing several applications: the STREAM benchmark and the receiver-side of the TCP/IP stack. Our accelerator provides speedups from 2.96 to 4.61 for the receiver-side of the TCP/IP stack, reduces the number of instructions from 26 percent to 44 percent and achieves a higher cache hit rate. Utilizing the analytical analysis, our accelerator reduces in the average number of cycles executed per instruction up to 50 percent for one of the CPUs in the multicore system.
Neuroimaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)

A 54-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of gait difficulty and progressive leg weakness, predominantly on the left side. A neurological examination revealed slurred speech, tongue fasciculations, spastic weakness and hyper-reflexia of both lower extremities. A left Babinski sign and ipsilateral foot drop were also noted. Positive sharp waves, fasciculations and fibrillation potentials indicative of active and chronic denervation were seen on electromyography. An MRI of the brain revealed bilateral signal hyperintensities along the corticospinal tracts (CST; figure 1A,C). Tractography showed volume loss of the CST with a …
Recombinant Soluble Human α<sub>3</sub>β<sub>1</sub>Integrin:  Purification, Processing, Regulation, and Specific Binding to Laminin-5 and Invasin in a Mutually Exclusive Manner (1998)

Using insect cells, we expressed large quantities of soluble human integrin alpha 3 beta 1 ectodomain heterodimers, in which cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains were replaced by Fos and Jun dimerization motifs. In direct ligand binding assays, soluble alpha 3 beta 1 specifically bound to laminin-5 and laminin-10, but not to laminin-1, laminin-2, fibronectin, various collagens, nidogen, thrombospondin, or complement factors C3 and C3b. Soluble alpha 3 beta1 integrin also bound to invasin, a bacterial surface protein, that mediates entry of Yersinia species into the eukaryotic host cell. Invasin completely displaced laminin-5 from the alpha 3 beta 1 integrin, suggesting sterically overlapping or identical binding sites. In the presence of 2 mM Mg2+, alpha 3 beta 1's binding affinity for invasin (Kd = 3.1 nM) was substantially greater than its affinity for laminin-5 (Kd > 600 nM). Upon addition of 1 mM Mn2+, or activating antibody 9EG7, binding affinity for both laminin-5 and invasin increased by about 10-fold, whereas the affinity decreased upon addition of 2 mM Ca2+. Thus, functional regulation of the purified soluble integrin alpha 3 beta 1 ectodomain heterodimer resembles that of wild-type membrane-anchored beta 1 integrins. The integrin alpha 3 subunit was entirely cleaved into disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, at a newly defined cleavage site located C-terminal of a tetrabasic RRRR motif. Within the alpha 3 light chain, all potential N-glycosylation sites bear N-linked mannose-rich carbohydrate chains, suggesting an important structural role of these sugar residues in the stalk-like region of the integrin heterodimer. In conclusion, studies of our recombinant alpha 3 beta 1 integrin have provided new insights into alpha 3 beta1 structure, ligand binding function, specificity, and regulation.
NV-Heaps (2011)

Persistent, user-defined objects present an attractive abstraction for working with non-volatile program state. However, the slow speed of persistent storage (i.e., disk) has restricted their design and limited their performance. Fast, byte-addressable, non-volatile technologies, such as phase change memory, will remove this constraint and allow programmers to build high-performance, persistent data structures in non-volatile storage that is almost as fast as DRAM. Creating these data structures requires a system that is lightweight enough to expose the performance of the underlying memories but also ensures safety in the presence of application and system failures by avoiding familiar bugs such as dangling pointers, multiple free()s, and locking errors. In addition, the system must prevent new types of hard-to-find pointer safety bugs that only arise with persistent objects. These bugs are especially dangerous since any corruption they cause will be permanent. We have implemented a lightweight, high-performance persistent object system called NV-heaps that provides transactional semantics while preventing these errors and providing a model for persistence that is easy to use and reason about. We implement search trees, hash tables, sparse graphs, and arrays using NV-heaps, BerkeleyDB, and Stasis. Our results show that NV-heap performance scales with thread count and that data structures implemented using NV-heaps out-perform BerkeleyDB and Stasis implementations by 32x and 244x, respectively, by avoiding the operating system and minimizing other software overheads. We also quantify the cost of enforcing the safety guarantees that NV-heaps provide and measure the costs of NV-heap primitive operations.
Multimedia synchronization protocols for broadband integrated services (1991)

Protocols to provide synchronization of data elements with arbitrary temporal relationships of both stream and non-stream broadband traffic types are proposed. It is specified that the provision of a synchronization function be performed within a packet switched network, and, accordingly, a two-level communication architecture is presented. The lower level, called the network synchronization protocol (NSP), provides the ability to establish and maintain individual connections with specified synchronization characteristics. The upper level, the application synchronization protocol (ASP), supports an integrated synchronization service for multimedia applications. The ASP identifies the temporal relationships among an application's data objects and manages the synchronization of arriving data for playout. The proposed NSP and ASP are mapped to the session and application layers of the open-systems-interconnection (OSI) reference model, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two Prevalent<i>CYP17</i>Mutations and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in 24 Brazilian Patients with 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency (2004)

We performed molecular genetic analysis of 24 subjects from 19 families with 17-hydroxylase deficiency in Brazil. Of 7 novel CYP17 mutations, 2 (W406R and R362C) account for 50% and 32% of the mutant alleles, respectively. Both mutations were completely inactive when studied in COS-7 cells and yeast microsomes; however, phenotypic features varied among subjects. Some 46,XY individuals with these genotypes had ambiguous genitalia, and other subjects had normal blood pressure and/or serum potassium. We found mutations W406R and R362C principally in families with Spanish and Portuguese ancestry, respectively, suggesting that two independent founder effects contribute to the increased prevalence of 17-hydroxylase deficiency in Brazil. Mutations Y329D and P428L retained a trace of activity, yet the two individuals with these mutations had severe hypertension and hypokalemia. The 46,XX female with mutation Y329D reached Tanner stage 5, whereas the 46,XY subject with mutation P428L remained sexually infantile. The severity of hypertension, hypokalemia, 17-deoxysteroid excess, and sex steroid deficiency varied, even among patients with completely inactive CYP17 protein(s). Spontaneous sexual development occurred only in 46,XX females with partial deficiencies. We conclude that other factors, in addition to CYP17 genotype, contribute to the phenotype of individual patients with 17-hydroxylase deficiency.
High-speed blue-, red-, and infrared-sensitive photodiode integrated in a 0.35 &#x03BC;m SiGe:C-BiCMOS process (2006)

A monolithically integrated photodiode with SiGe:C anode, which exhibits an excellent spectral responsivity of typically 0.21/0.42/0.53 A/W at 410/660/785nm and sub-ns rise/fall times, fabricated without process modification is presented. The bandwidth of the photodiode exceeds 1300/490/260MHz at 410/660/785nm favoring this device for universal optical storage applications. By applying a reverse bias voltage up to 10 V the photodiode features responsivities up to 0.6 A/W for 410nm due to avalanche multiplication
Cetirizine inhibition of histamine-induced bronchospasm. (1987)

Cetirizine is a potent, selective H1 antagonist recently made available for investigation. To evaluate this oral drug's efficacy in treating asthma, we examined the bronchodilator effects of 5-, 10-, and 20-mg doses as well as the protective effects of these doses against histamine-provoked bronchospasm. Cetirizine's efficacy was compared with that of a placebo and oral hydroxyzine (25 mg) in 10 patients with mild asthma. The new compound provided significant protection in a dose-dependent manner against histamine-induced bronchospasm. A 25-mg oral dose of hydroxyzine, which is partially metabolized to cetirizine, yielded blood levels of cetirizine comparable to those attained with 5 mg of oral cetirizine. Hydroxyzine 25 mg conferred greater protection against histamine bronchoprovocation than placebo, but it gave less protection than 10- and 20-mg doses of cetirizine. Cetirizine in all doses, as well as hydroxyzine at 25 mg, produced significant bronchodilation. However, the bronchodilator effect of the 25-mg hydroxyzine dose was less than that of cetirizine at 20 mg. In this short-term study, no significant side effects of cetirizine were noted.
Analysis of Interdigital Surface Wave Transducers by Use of an Equivalent Circuit Model (1969)

Immittance, transfer, and scattering characteristics are studied for acoustic surface wave transducers of the interdigital electrode form. Linear network models are used to represent the transducer as a chain of identical three-ports which are acoustically in cascade but electrically in parallel. Transducer operation at acoustic synchronism is described theoretically and compared to current experimental data for transducers operating at 100 MHz and fabricated on lithium niobate. Favorable lithium niobate configurations for efficient, broad-band transducer operation are given. Scattering characteristics as a function of electric load are discussed. Low values of acoustic reflection loss are predicted theoretically and observed experimentally when the electric load and transducer capacitance are in resonance. The frequency dependence of transducer radiation immittance is studied, and the response is found to be analogous to the response of an endfire antenna array.
Correlated Downlink-to-Uplink Interference Suppression for Full-Duplex C-RAN Systems (2019)

In full-duplex cloud radio access network systems, the uplink received signal of each remote radio head (RRH) contains downlink-to-uplink (D2U) interference signal which is a linear combination of the transmit signals of nearby RRHs including itself. Since the fronthaul links that connect RRHs to a baseband processing unit (BBU) have finite capacity, the RRHs forward quantized versions of the uplink received signals to the BBU. To improve the fidelity of the quantization, it is important to suppress the impact of the D2U interference signals prior to the quantization. This paper tackles the problem of jointly optimizing the D2U interference suppression and fronthaul quantization strategies with the goal of maximizing the sum rate of uplink user equipments. To tackle the formulated non-convex problem, we derive an iterative algorithm based on the successive convex approximation approach. To save the complexity, a simpler algorithm, which non-iteratively pre-fixes the D2U interference suppression matrices, is also proposed. Extensive numerical results confirm the advantages of the proposed schemes compared to conventional schemes.
A psychological based analysis of marketing email subject lines (2016)

Email has been an effective and popular communication medium since its birth in 1971 to now. The number of email users have increased from a handful to 2672 million as of 2016 and it is predicted to increase further. This enormous growth has established an effective marketing medium called email marketing. The present email advertisement revenue has reached $19,353 million, it has not reached to a significant proportion. A marketing email becomes a success only if the email is opened and read by the receiver. The subject line of an email and the email address of the sender are the main deciding factors for one to open an email or leave it. Sentiment analysis is a popular research area which uses natural language processing, text analysis and computational linguistics to identify and extract subjective information in source materials. This research work analyses the email subject lines in a psychological point of view, for their effect in a person when he/she read it and the decision he/she makes to open that email or neglect it. The objective of this research is to develop methods that can quantify the psychological effects induced by an email subject line; where this quantification is correlated with the action performed by the email receiver. This research work was carried out through sentiment analysis and data mining on three large data sets, namely Enron e-mail, Spamdex Digital Spam Archive and Google Open Adwords. Based on studies in the area of sentiment analysis seven types of analysis techniques were identified and utilised in this study. These seven type of analysis are categorised into three, namely Semantic analysis, Descriptive Analysis and Observational Analysis. Semantic analysis considered the meaning of words in the email subject lines and their psychological effects in three different aspects, namely, Emotional Analysis, Subjectivity Analysis and Sentiment Analysis. Particularly for the Emotional analysis, this paper proposes nine emotions based on the Indian aesthetics over the classical opinion analysis approach. Descriptive analysis and the Observational analysis considered the subject line structure and the effect of certain word/phrases as well as the number of words and characters respectively. Email subject line analysis is a new area of research and so far did not produced any scholarly articles. This study has identified the ways in which the email subject line analysis could be taken forward and has proposed forty rules which can be used to create successful email subject lines. It was observed that the results of this study matched with a neurological study on a similar topic which mapped brain hotspot changes for emotion reflections.
Data Processing and Text Mining Technologies on Electronic Medical Records: A Review (2018)

Currently, medical institutes generally use EMR to record patient's condition, including diagnostic information, procedures performed, and treatment results. EMR has been recognized as a valuable resource for large-scale analysis. However, EMR has the characteristics of diversity, incompleteness, redundancy, and privacy, which make it difficult to carry out data mining and analysis directly. Therefore, it is necessary to preprocess the source data in order to improve data quality and improve the data mining results. Different types of data require different processing technologies. Most structured data commonly needs classic preprocessing technologies, including data cleansing, data integration, data transformation, and data reduction. For semistructured or unstructured data, such as medical text, containing more health information, it requires more complex and challenging processing methods. The task of information extraction for medical texts mainly includes NER (named-entity recognition) and RE (relation extraction). This paper focuses on the process of EMR processing and emphatically analyzes the key techniques. In addition, we make an in-depth study on the applications developed based on text mining together with the open challenges and research issues for future work.
Influence of Dietary Fish Oil on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in Milk Fat from Lactating Dairy Cows (2000)

Lactating cows were fed menhaden fish oil to elevate concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid, transvaccenic acid, and n-3 fatty acids in milk. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows at 48+/-11 DIM were assigned randomly to a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square. Each treatment period was 35 d in length, with data collected d 15 to 35 of each period. On a dry matter (DM) basis, diets contained 25% corn silage, 25% alfalfa hay, and 50% of the respective concentrate mix. Fish oil was supplemented at 0, 1, 2, and 3% of ration DM. Linear decreases were observed for DM intake (28.8, 28.5, 23.4, and 20.4 kg/d) and milk fat (2.99, 2.79, 2.37, and 2.30%) for 0 to 3% dietary fish oil, respectively. Milk yield (31.7, 34.2, 32.3, and 27.4 kg/d) increased as dietary fish oil increased from 0 to 1% but decreased linearly from 1 to 3% dietary fish oil. Milk protein percentages (3.17, 3.19, 3.21, and 3.17) were similar for all treatments. When the 2% fish oil diet was fed, concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and transvaccenic acid in milk fat increased to 356% (to 2.2 g/ 100 g of total fatty acids) and 502% (to 6.1 g/100 g), respectively, of amounts when 0% fish oil was fed. There were no additional increases in these fatty acids when cows were fed 3% fish oil. The n-3 fatty acids increased from a trace to over 1 g/100 g of milk fatty acids, when the 3% fish oil diet was fed. Fish oil supplementation to diets of dairy cows increased the conjugated linoleic acid, transvaccenic acid, and n-3 fatty acids in milk.
3D optical coherence tomography image registration for guiding cochlear implant insertion (2014)

In cochlear implant surgery, an electrode array is inserted into the cochlear canal to restore hearing to a person who is profoundly deaf or significantly hearing impaired. One critical part of the procedure is the insertion of the electrode array, which looks like a thin wire, into the cochlear canal. Although X-ray or computed tomography (CT) could be used as a reference to evaluate the pathway of the whole electrode array, there is no way to depict the intra-cochlear canal and basal turn intra-operatively to help guide insertion of the electrode array. Optical coherent tomography (OCT) is a highly effective way of visualizing internal structures of cochlea. Swept source OCT (SSOCT) having center wavelength of 1.3 micron and 2D Galvonometer mirrors was used to achieve 7-mm depth 3-D imaging. Graphics processing unit (GPU), OpenGL, C++ and C# were integrated for real-time volumetric rendering simultaneously. The 3D volume images taken by the OCT system were assembled and registered which could be used to guide a cochlear implant. We performed a feasibility study using both dry and wet temporal bones and the result is presented.
Accurate Technique for Measuring Color Values of Grain and Grain Products Using a Visible‐NIR Instrument (2004)

ABSTRACT Measuring color is important when assessing grain and grain products as this has a major influence on the end‐product quality. To objectively measure color, grain processors and plant breeding programs use colorimeters to measure L*a*b* values as defined by the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE). In addition to color, most laboratories undertake other tests, often utilizing NIR (near infrared reflectance) technology. It is possible to improve laboratory efficiencies and remove double handling of samples by using one instrument, a visible‐NIR spectrophotometer (400–2,500 nm), to measure color and other quality traits such as protein. In this study, we compared two techniques for measuring color of flour, barley, and lentils with a visible‐NIR instrument. The first technique involved calibrating the visible‐NIR instrument with colorimeter values using calibration models. However, calibrations are product‐specific and require the development and maintenance of specific equations for each product analyzed. For the second technique, we calculated the color values from the visible reflectance spectra using the standard practice (E308) based on the CIE system. Our study showed the most accurate, efficient method for measuring the color of products with a visible‐NIR instrument is to apply calculations using the standard practice based on the CIE system.
Hallucinating Face by Eigentransformation (2005)

In video surveillance, the faces of interest are often of small size. Image resolution is an important factor affecting face recognition by human and computer. In this paper, we propose a new face hallucination method using eigentransformation. Different from most of the proposed methods based on probabilistic models, this method views hallucination as a transformation between different image styles. We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to fit the input face image as a linear combination of the low-resolution face images in the training set. The high-resolution image is rendered by replacing the low-resolution training images with high-resolution ones, while retaining the same combination coefficients. Experiments show that the hallucinated face images are not only very helpful for recognition by humans, but also make the automatic recognition procedure easier, since they emphasize the face difference by adding more high-frequency details.
Preliminary Findings in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Transtracheal Oxygen (1990)

The effects of continuous low flow oxygen via transtracheal oxygen delivery (TTOD) were assessed in four patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and daytime hypersomnolence who were unable to tolerate continuous positive nasal airway pressure (CPAP). The overall quality of sleep, sleep fragmentation, pattern of respiration, and nocturnal oxygen saturations were evaluated with the patients receiving 2 to 3 L/min of oxygen by TTOD, and the results were compared to polysomnograms with and without nasal cannula oxygen. The mean respiratory disturbance index (apneas plus hypopneas/hour of sleep) was improved by TTOD compared to no therapy or nasal cannula oxygen, and improvement in sleep disturbance was associated with improvement in overall nocturnal oxygen saturation. The mean apnea duration was not increased by TTOD and the duration of the longest apneic spells was decreased by 33 to 85% with this therapy. These improvements in respiratory status were accompanied by symptomatic improvement in daytime sleepiness, and there were no significant side effects. These findings suggest that TTOD may be a safe and effective alternative treatment of OSA for some patients who are unable to tolerate nasal CPAP therapy.
Charging Behavior of the Gibbsite Basal (001) Surface in NaCl Solution Investigated by AFM Colloidal Probe Technique (2006)

The charging behavior of the gibbsite gamma-Al(OH)3 basal (001) surface in aqueous solution is important for correctly modeling the overall charging properties of gibbsite particles which controls surface phenomena such as adsorption and crystal growth. However, the question of whether the hydroxyl groups on the basal plane are proton active has been raised recently both from experimental and theoretical points of view. Using gibbsite crystals prepared from industrial Bayer process, the surface potentials of cleaved (001) surfaces were calculated from forces measured by the colloidal probe technique in 1 mM NaCl solution with differing pH. It was surprisingly found that the basal plane is proton active in pH less than 7 and protonation seems to level off at about pH 5. The potential-pH data was accurately fitted with a single pKa surface protonation model with pK(a) = 5.9 +/- 0.2.