gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz detection with an antenna-coupled highly-doped silicon quantum dot (2019)

Nanostructured dopant-based silicon (Si) transistors are promising candidates for high-performance photodetectors and quantum information devices. For highly doped Si with donor bands, the energy depth of donor levels and the energy required for tunneling processes between donor levels are typically on the order of millielectron volts, corresponding to terahertz (THz) photon energy. Owing to these properties, highly doped Si quantum dots (QDs) are highly attractive as THz photoconductive detectors. Here, we demonstrate THz detection with a lithographically defined and highly phosphorus-doped Si QD. We integrate a 40 nm-diameter QD with a micrometer-scale broadband logarithmic spiral antenna for the detection of THz photocurrent in a wide frequency range from 0.58 to 3.11 THz. Furthermore, we confirm that the detection sensitivity is enhanced by a factor of ~880 compared to a QD detector without an antenna. These results demonstrate the ability of a highly doped-Si QD coupled with an antenna to detect broadband THz waves. By optimizing the dopant distribution and levels, further performance improvements are feasible.
Isolation of the Exoelectrogenic Bacterium <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i> YZ-1 by Using a U-Tube Microbial Fuel Cell (2008)

Exoelectrogenic bacteria have potential for many different biotechnology applications due to their ability to transfer electrons outside the cell to insoluble electron acceptors, such as metal oxides or the anodes of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Very few exoelectrogens have been directly isolated from MFCs, and all of these organisms have been obtained by techniques that potentially restrict the diversity of exoelectrogenic bacteria. A special U-tube-shaped MFC was therefore developed to enrich exoelectrogenic bacteria with isolation based on dilution-to-extinction methods. Using this device, we obtained a pure culture identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi YZ-1 based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and physiological and biochemical characterization. Strain YZ-1 was unable to respire using hydrous Fe(III) oxide but produced 89 mW/m(2) using acetate as the electron donor in the U-tube MFC. Strain YZ-1 produced current using a wide range of substrates, including acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, glucose, sucrose, cellobiose, glycerol, and ethanol. Like another exoelectrogenic bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), O. anthropi is an opportunistic pathogen, suggesting that electrogenesis should be explored as a characteristic that confers advantages to these types of pathogenic bacteria. Further applications of this new U-tube MFC system should provide a method for obtaining additional exoelectrogenic microorganisms that do not necessarily require metal oxides for cell respiration.
Single-Threaded Specification of Process-Interaction Formalism in Java (2005)

In order to support the conceptualization and specification of simulation models of complex systems, several formalisms or world views exist. Petri nets, differential equations, discrete event system specification and process interaction are typical examples. Throughout the last decade many have attempted to implement the process interaction formalism in Java. These initiatives mostly resulted in multi-threaded simulation languages in which a process extends a thread. These threads are then sequentially suspended and resumed. The article "Why are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?" (Sun Microsystems 1999) implicitly ended most of these deadlock prone initiatives. This paper introduces a unique single-threaded implementation of this world view by introducing a Java-based Java interpreter, which is used only to interpret pausable processes. This interpreter supports all Java programming constructs and hopefully serves as a cornerstone for renewed development of process oriented Java based simulation languages.
Functionalization of Strongly Interacting Magnetic Nanocubes with (Thermo)Responsive Coating and Their Application in Hyperthermia and Heat-Triggered Drug Delivery (2015)

Herein, we prepare nanohybrids by incorporating iron oxide nanocubes (cubic-IONPs) within a thermoresponsive polymer shell that can act as drug carriers for doxorubicin(doxo). The cubic-shaped nanoparticles employed are at the interface between superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior and have an exceptionally high specific absorption rate (SAR), but their functionalization is extremely challenging compared to bare superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as they strongly interact with each other. By conducting the polymer grafting reaction using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in a viscous solvent medium, we have here developed a facile approach to decorate the nanocubes with stimuli-responsive polymers. When the thermoresponsive shell is composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-polyethylene glycolmethyl ether acrylate), nanohybrids have a phase transition temperature, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), above 37 °C in physiological conditions. Doxo loaded nanohybrids exhibited a negligible drug release below 37 °C but showed a consistent release of their cargo on demand by exploiting the capability of the nanocubes to generate heat under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Moreover, the drug free nanocarrier does not exhibit cytotoxicity even when administered at high concentration of nanocubes (1g/L of iron) and internalized at high extent (260 pg of iron per cell). We have also implemented the synthesis protocol to decorate the surface of nanocubes with poly(vinylpyridine) polymer and thus prepare pH-responsive shell coated nanocubes.
Una visita al debate Hart-Dworkin (2008)

l debate Hart – Dworkin es la gran obsesion de la Filosofia del Derecho Contemporanea. En el presente ensayo, pretendo hacer una presentacion sumaria del mismo, destacando algunos aspectos que estimo fundamentales, y que en muchas ocasiones han sido dejados de plano en nuestra teoria juridica. En primer lugar, parto del “Problema Original”, las criticas que dieron origen a todo el conflicto. Como segundo punto, desarrollo una vision critica: cuales han sido los malos entendidos y las malas traducciones. En tercer lugar, abro la puerta a las perspectivas del debate: ?cual es el tema central hoy? Finalizo con una concepcion de hacia donde nos lleva el debate en estos dias.
The Active Site of Vitamin K and the Role of the Vitamin K-Dependent Carboxylase (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Active Site of Vitamin K and the Role of the Vitamin K-Dependent CarboxylaseSriram Naganathan, Roger Hershline, Seung Wook Ham, and Paul DowdCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 22, 9831–9839Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00101a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00101a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Submicrometer Optical Linewidth Metrology (1987)

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has had a continuing program to develop optical linewidth standards for the integrated circuit industry for over 10 years. The past work has concentrated on the development and the certification of photomask linewidth and pitch standards. The recent work is directed at extending the feature sizes on these standards to cover the range from 0.5 to 30 μm, and at doubling the certification accuracy to 0.025 μm. Features with heights larger than approximately 1/4 wavelength of light cannot be modeled as zero-thickness layers as is done for photomasks. The development of models to handle this thick-layer case and to develop practical edge-detection criteria are currently under development at NBS. However, at the present time, it is generally not possible to interpret the image profiles of thick features and thereby measure an accurate linewidth. The basic obstacles that must be overcome to achieve accurate submicrometer feature size measurements for these features will be reviewed and the prospects for future NBS optical standards for features such as photoresist lines on silicon wafers will be assessed. Some suggestions about what to do until these standards become available will be given.
Doxorubicin treatment increases metastasis of prostate tumor (R3327-MatLyLu). (1989)

Doxorubicin (Dx) effects on metastatic spreading of prostate cancer were investigated using a rat metastatic tumor (R3327-MatLyLu). Intravenous injection of monodispersed tumor cells resulted in tumor nodule formation in the lungs. A simultaneous bolus injection of Dx (3.2 mg/Kg) caused a significant decrease in lung colony formation and growth. However, Dx administered during the course of spontaneous metastasis, or as adjuvant chemotherapy 24 hours before surgical removal of primary tumor, caused a significant increase in metastasis to the lungs. It is concluded that an intravenous doxorubicin bolus injection does not provide an antimetastatic effect, but increases metastatic spreading of prostate tumor.
Regenerative medicine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current position (2015)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible disease of the lung that has no lasting option for therapy other than transplantation. It is characterized by replacement of the normal lung tissue by fibrotic scarring, honeycombing, and increased levels of myofibroblasts. The underlying causes of IPF are still largely unknown. The focus of the current review is the possible use of stem cell therapy, specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a multipotent stromal cell population, which have demonstrated promising data in multiple animal models of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The most studied source of MSCs is the bone marrow, although they can be found also in the adipose tissue and umbilical cord, as well as in the placenta. MSCs have immunomodulatory and tissue-protective properties that allow them to manipulate the local environment of the injured tissue, ameliorating the inflammation and promoting repair. Because IPF primarily affects older patients, the issue of aging is intrinsically linked to many aspects of the disease, including the age of the stem cells. Animal models have shown the success of MSC therapy in mitigating the fibrotic effects of bleomycin-induced PF. However, bleomycin, the most commonly used model for PF, is imperfect in mimicking IPF as it presents in humans, as the duration of the illness is not parallel or reversible, and honeycombing is not produced. Furthermore, the time of MSC dosage has proven to be critical in determining whether the cells will ultimately have a positive or negative effect on disease progression, since it has been demonstrated that the maximal beneficial effect of MSCs occurs during the early inflammatory phase of the disease and that there is no or negative effect during the late fibrotic phase. Therefore, all the current clinical trials of MSCs and IPF, though promising, should proceed with caution as we move toward true stem cell therapy for this disease.
Digital Mammography Imaging: Breast Tomosynthesis and Advanced Applications (2010)

This article discusses recent developments in advanced derivative technologies associated with digital mammography. Digital breast tomosynthesis, its principles, development, and early clinical trials, are reviewed. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography and combined imaging systems with digital mammography and ultrasound are also discussed. Although all these methods are currently research programs, they hold promise for improving cancer detection and characterization if early results are confirmed by clinical trials.
A Design-based Model for the Reduction of Software Cycle Time (1996)

This paper presents a design-based software cycle time reduction model that can be easily implemented without replacement of existing development paradigms or design methodologies. The research results suggest that there are many cycle time factors that are influenced by design decisions. If manipulated carefully it appears that an organization can reduce cycle time and improve quality simultaneously. The preliminary results look promising and it is expected that further experimentation will support the use of this model. This paper will analyze the basis for the model proposed here, describe the model's details, and summarize the preliminary results of the model. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Gauthier-Villars
Polycystic ovary syndrome current status and future perspective (2014)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread reproductive disorder that encompasses many associated health conditions and has an impact on various metabolic processes. PCOS is depicted by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and anovulation. It increases the risk of insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of the disease remains unclear, and the subjective phenotype makes a united diagnosis difficult among physicians. It seems to be a familial genetic syndrome caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. It can be linked with metabolic disorders in first-degree family members. PCOS is the cause of up to 30% of infertility in couples seeking treatment. Currently, there is no cure for PCOS. Despite the growing incidence of this syndrome, limited research has been done that encompasses the entirety of PCOS spectrum. In this review, the current status and possible future perspective will be discussed.
Nouvelles approches médicamenteuses dans le traitement des dyslipidémies (2002)

Les traitements medicamenteux hypolipemiants ont pris une part de plus en plus importante en prevention cardiovasculaire depuis qu'il a ete formellement etabli, grâce aux etudes de prevention realisees en particulier avec les statines, qu'un abaissement du cholesterol total et plus specifiquement du LDL-cholesterol permet de reduire significativement la morbi-mortalite cardiovasculaire et dans certaines etudes la mortalite totale. De meme, d'autres etudes recentes de prevention ou de regression realisees avec des fibrates ont relance l'interet de cette seconde classe medicamenteuse pour des populations particulieres de patients dyslipidemiques en agissant sur d'autres fractions de lipoproteines, en particulier celles riches en triglycerides et les HDL. Compte tenu de la place croissante des hypolipemiants en prevention cardiovasculaire, la recherche de nouveaux medicaments est particulierement active a la fois au sein des familles deja connues pour essayer d'obtenir des molecules plus puissantes et egalement au niveau de nouvelles classes therapeutiques dont la decouverte est souvent dependante des progres realises dans la comprehension du metabolisme des lipoproteines. L'objectif de cette revue est de faire le point sur ces nouveaux medicaments hypolipemiants, certains ayant deja obtenu l'autorisation de mise sur le marche dans quelques pays, mais en se limitant toutefois aux classes medicamenteuses et aux molecules pour lesquelles le developpement clinique est suffisamment avance. Les autres classes potentielles ne seront que citees en tant que prospectives pour le futur. Les nouveaux hypolipemiants dont le developpement est le plus avance sont de nouveaux inhibiteurs de l'HMG-CoA reductase, une nouvelle resine sequestrante des acides biliaires, un inhibiteur de l'absorption intestinale du cholesterol et egalement des activateurs des PPARs. D'autres familles sont egalement en developpement clinique comme les inhibiteurs de la CETP, les inhibiteurs de l'ACAT ou les inhibiteurs de la MTP.
A biosynthetic model of cytochrome c oxidase as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction (2015)

Creating an artificial functional mimic of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) has been a long-term goal of the scientific community as such a mimic will not only add to our fundamental understanding of how CcO works but may also pave the way for efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells. Here we develop an electrocatalyst for reducing oxygen to water under ambient conditions. We use site-directed mutants of myoglobin, where both the distal Cu and the redox-active tyrosine residue present in CcO are modelled. In situ Raman spectroscopy shows that this catalyst features very fast electron transfer rates, facile oxygen binding and O-O bond lysis. An electron transfer shunt from the electrode circumvents the slow dissociation of a ferric hydroxide species, which slows down native CcO (bovine 500 s(-1)), allowing electrocatalytic oxygen reduction rates of 5,000 s(-1) for these biosynthetic models.
Adaptive video multicast over the Internet (2003)

The authors survey existing solutions to adaptive video multicast, providing a taxonomy of solutions according to several distinct features. They also review the principal techniques from both video coding and network transport perspectives. Finally, they discuss the evaluation methodologies and metrics for adaptive video multicast systems.
Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human tumor cells treated with extracts of Uncaria tomentosa. (1998)

Growth inhibitory activities of novel water extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (C-Med-100) were examined in vitro using two human leukemic cell lines (K562 and HL60) and one human EBV-transformed B lymphoma cell line (Raji). The proliferative capacities of HL60 and Raji cells were strongly suppressed in the presence of the C-Med-100 while K562 was more resistant to the inhibition. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect was confirmed using the clonogenic assay, which showed a very close correlation between C-Med-100 concentration and the surviving fraction. The suppressive effect of Uncaria tomentosa extracts on tumor cell growth appears to be mediated through induction of apoptosis which was demonstrated by characteristic morphological changes, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation after agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA fragmentation quantification. C-Med-100 induced a delayed type of apoptosis becoming most dose-dependently prominent after 48 hours of exposure. Both DNA single and double strand breaks were increased 24 hours after C-Med-100 treatment, which suggested a well-established linkage between the DNA damage and apoptosis. The induction of DNA strand breaks coupled to apoptosis may explain the growth inhibition of the tumor cells by Uncaria tomentosa extracts. These results provide the first direct evidence for the antitumor properties of Uncaria tomentosa extracts to be via a mechanism of selective induction of apoptosis.
The Practical Feasibility of Using RFID in a Metal Environment (2007)

Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) has revolutionized the way in which products are identified. This paper considers the effect of metals on the performance of RFID at ultra high frequency (UHF). The paper establishes read patterns in space, highlighting the interference of RF waves due to three different metals, one ferrous and the other two non ferrous, when placed behind a transponder. The effect of thickness of the metal plate is also examined. Different metals have been found to have different interference effects although there are some similarities in their read patterns related to their material properties. Also experiments have been carried out to identify and establish various methods of improving this performance. Finally, differences between performance-measuring parameters, namely attenuating transmitted power and calculating read rate at a fixed attenuation are established and possible reasons of these observations are presented.
Recent advances in neutralizing the IL-6 pathway in arthritis (2009)

Recent advances in understanding the mechanism(s) of how IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling regulates immune cell function and promotes inflammation in autoimmune arthritis are critically reviewed. Serum and/or synovial fluid (SF) IL-6 is markedly elevated in adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and osteoarthritis (OA). IL-6, in concert with IL-17, determines the fate of CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes and therefore TH<sub>17</sub> cell differentiation. IL-6 also plays a critical role in modulating B-lymphocyte activity. The recognition that IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling regulates inflammation resulted in the development of tocilizumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the biological activity of the IL-6-receptor (IL-6R). Significant clinical benefit was demonstrated as well as reduced serum IL-6 levels with suppression of X-ray progression of disease in several clinical trials in which juvenile or adult RA patients were treated with tocilizumab monotherapy or tocilizumab plus methotrexate. However, levels of serum and/or SF IL-6 cytokine protein superfamily members, adiponectin, oncostatin M, pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor/visfatin and leukemia inhibitory factor are also elevated in RA. Additional studies will be required to determine if anti-IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling inhibition strategies with tocilizumab or recombinant soluble IL-6R reduce the level of these cytokines.