gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association between mannan-binding lectin and impaired lung function in cystic fibrosis may be age-dependent (2006)

An association between mannan-binding lectin (MBL) status and severity of lung function impairment in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been found in several studies, but not in others. To explore the possible basis for discrepancies in the literature, we related both MBL and L-ficolin concentrations to lung function and examined the results in relation to the age of the patients. For patients under 15 years of age, those with MBL < 200 ng/ml had better lung function than those with MBL > 200 ng/ml [median forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), 99% versus 83%; P = 0.05]. For patients over 15 years of age, those with MBL < 200 ng/ml had poorer lung function than those with MBL > 200 ng/ml (median FEV(1), 44% versus 55%; P = 0.1). Also, for the over 15-year-olds, the proportion of patients with FEV(1) values below the median was greater in the MBL-insufficient subgroup (P < 0.04). In other words, relative deficiency of MBL appears to accelerate the age-related decline in lung function in CF patients. No corresponding relationships could be found between L-ficolin concentration and lung function. These findings and interpretation lend support to the potential value of MBL replacement therapy in a small minority of cystic fibrosis patients.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSURANCE SECTOR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (2011)

There are many empirical studies between which focus on relationship between financial development and economic growth. In the literature these studies mostly about the relationship between stock market and economic growth or the relationship between banking sector and economic growth. On the other hand, studies are scarce about analysing the relationship between insurance sector and economic growth. In this reason, the aim of this paper is the testing the role of insurance in economic growth. Twenty-nine countries’ data in 1999 and 2008 period are used. These countries are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irland, Italia, Japan, Turkey, South Korea, Luxemburg, Mexico, Holland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, England and USA. As a result of this analysis insurance sector and the economic growth are positively related.
High-Dimensional Feature Matching: Employing the Concept of Meaningful Nearest Neighbors (2007)

Matching of high-dimensional features using nearest neighbors search is an important part of image matching methods which are based on local invariant features. In this work we highlight effects pertinent to high-dimensional spaces that are significant for matching, yet have not been explicitly accounted for in previous work. In our approach, we require every nearest neighbor to be meaningful, that is, sufficiently close to a query feature such that it is an out-lier to a background feature distribution. We estimate the background feature distribution from the extended neighborhood of a query feature given by its k nearest neighbors. Based on the concept of meaningful nearest neighbors, we develop a novel high-dimensional feature matching method and evaluate its performance by conducting image matching on two challenging image data sets. A superior performance in terms of accuracy is shown in comparison to several state-of-the-art approaches. Additionally, to make search for k nearest neighbors more efficient, we develop a novel approximate nearest neighbors search method based on sparse coding with an overcomplete basis set that provides a ten-fold speed-up over an exhaustive search even for high dimensional spaces and retains excellent approximation to an exact nearest neighbors search.
Intrinsic Decompositions for Image Editing (2017)

Intrinsic images are a mid-level representation of an image that decompose the image into reflectance and illumination layers. The reflectance layer captures the color/texture of surfaces in the scene, while the illumination layer captures shading effects caused by interactions between scene illumination and surface geometry. Intrinsic images have a long history in computer vision and recently in computer graphics, and have been shown to be a useful representation for tasks ranging from scene understanding and reconstruction to image editing. In this report, we review and evaluate past work on this problem. Specifically, we discuss each work in terms of the priors they impose on the intrinsic image problem. We introduce a new synthetic ground-truth dataset that we use to evaluate the validity of these priors and the performance of the methods. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the different methods in the context of image-editing applications.
<title>Coding information in the natural complexity of chaos</title> (1993)

The complexity inherent in the dynamics of chaotic oscillators can be utilized to produce digital communication signals. Symbolic (digital) information is encoded in large-scale features of the waveform by use of small perturbations to control the symbolic dynamics. A digital signal can thus be produced directly at the transmission stage, with no need for subsequent amplification. Because tiny perturbations control the dynamics, the circuitry for controlling the oscillator could often be entirely microelectronic. We first illustrate the main idea using the Lorenz system, which has a particularly simple symbolic dynamics description. We then describe other aspects of this mechanism for information transmission in the context of a previous paper.
Structure-activity relationships in prazosin-related compounds. 2. Role of the piperazine ring on .alpha.-blocking activity (1993)

Several prazosin-related compounds have been synthesized and evaluated for their blocking activity toward alpha-adrenoreceptors. The structural modification performed on the prazosin structure included the replacement of the piperazine ring with 2,3-dialkylpiperazine or 1,2-cyclohexanediamine moieties to characterize a lipophilic binding pocket in the alpha 1-adrenoreceptor surface. Cyclohexanediamine derivatives 3-6 were almost devoid of potency and selectivity, whereas dialkylpiperazine compounds 7-14 showed high affinity and selectivity toward alpha 1-adrenoreceptors. The cis derivative 13 (cyclazosin) was the most potent and selective with an alpha 1/alpha 2 selectivity ratio value of 7800. The particular trend of antagonist activity within cis/trans stereoisomeric compounds not only supports the presence of a lipophilic binding area on alpha 1-adrenoreceptor surface but also suggests that the lipophilic pocket is endowed with a well-defined size and spatial orientation. The most active compound of the series, 13, was tested also in vivo for antihypertensive activity on spontaneously hypertensive rats. It showed an interesting long-lasting hypotensive effect, very similar to that of doxazosin, which was statistically significant 12 h after oral administration.
The Mechanical Properties of Hot-Pressed TiN Ceramics with Various Additives (1993)

The effect of additives on the densification and strengthening of titanium nitride (TiN) ceramics has been described. The additives studied were oxides (Al2O3, Y2O3 and MgO), nitrides (BN, AIN and Si3N4) and carbides (SiC and B4C). The TiN compacts containing 5 and 10wt% additives were hot-pressed at 1950°C for 60min (except for Si3N4) in the ambient Ar gas of normal pressure. Additions of 10wt% Al2O3, 10wt% Y2O3 and 10wt% B4C gave the relative densities of 97.4, 96.2 and 97.7%, respectively. The mechanical and electrical properties are as follows: 10wt% B4C increased the hardness; 5wt% BN the flexural strength; 10wt% B4C or 10wt% Y2O3 the values of fracture toughness (KIC); 10wt% Al2O3 or 10wt% B4C the Young's modulus and the rigidity; 10wt% B4C the electrical conductivity. As a whole, 10wt% Al2O3, 10wt% Y2O3 and 10wt% B4C additives contributed to both densification and strengthening. The most promising additive is 10wt% B4C for TiN ceramics from the view point of relative density, mechanical and electrical properties, and prevention of grain growth.
Response of the Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome to treatment of associated small‐cell lung carcinoma (1990)

We evaluated the outcome in 16 patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) associated with histologically verified small-cell carcinoma (SCC). Thirteen patients received specific tumor therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or resection) and most also received pharmacologic and immunologic treatment for LEMS. Seven of 11 patients surviving for more than 2 months after tumor therapy showed substantial neurologic improvement (1 patient being in complete remission at 7 years); in 3 of 11 improvement was transient. An EMG index of disease severity (compound muscle action potential amplitude in abductor digiti minimi) was significantly increased at final follow-up (p less than 0.01; n = 11). A pretreatment amplitude greater than 3.0 mV was a good prognostic sign. We conclude that a combined treatment approach in SCC-LEMS usually results in neurologic improvement.
Cholesteric Mixtures with Photochemically Tunable, Circularly Polarized Fluorescence (2003)

Photo‐patternable cholesteric materials that combine fluorescence and a photochemically variable helical pitch have been investigated. Two cholesteric mixtures containing chiral photochromic (see Figure) as well as fluorescent dopants are examined. It is shown that photoregulation of both the fluorescence intensity and the polarization state of the emitted light can be realized.
On Constituents of Coper-Spurge Seed (Lathyridis Seed). IV. The Structure of Ester L<SUB>3</SUB> (1975)

An 11-membered ring diterpenoid, ester L3 (I), was isolated from the seed oil of Euphorbia lathyris and its structure was determined as Ia or Ib, from the conversion of I to the triol compound (III) which was found to be related to epoxylathyrol. The fact was also confirmed from the partial deacylation product of I, and from the spectrometric data of it.
Thermionic Emission of Thin Films of Alkaline Earth Oxide Deposited by Evaporation (1950)

Monomolecular films of BaO or SrO were deposited by evaporation on clean tungsten or molybdenum surfaces with precautions to eliminate effects caused by excess metal of the oxide or by heating. Thermionic emissions of the same order of magnitude as from commercial oxide cathodes have been obtained from these systems. The results can be explained qualitatively by considering the adsorbed molecules as oriented dipoles. Although the results may suggest a possible mechanism for a portion of the emission from thick oxide cathodes, there are serious obstacles against such thin film phenomena as a complete explanation.
A Motion-Augmented Super-Resolution Scheme for Very Low-Bit-Rate Video Enhancement (2006)

High compression ratios introduce visible compression artifacts and blurring. To enhance the quality of the compressed video, a super-resolution (SR) scheme is employed. However, the effectiveness of the SR process depends heavily on the amount of subpixel motion that exists between frames in a video sequence, and on the accuracy of the motion vectors (MV). To increase the effectiveness of the SR process, we introduce the concept of added motion prior to video compression. The parameters of this added motion are sent to the receiver with the compressed bit-stream. The proposed SR scheme also exploits existing motion between frames, by estimating MV for each pixel using the original (uncompressed) video. However, since transmitting the pixel-based MV is not practical due to the resulting significant increase in side information, the proposed scheme selects and sends only a very small set of MV based upon their significance in the super-resolution enhancement. The results obtained show a significant improvement in the visual quality of the video sequences, as well as improvement in PSNR.
Theoretical inorganic chemistry (Day, M. Clyde, Jr.; Selbin, Joel) (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTTheoretical inorganic chemistry (Day, M. Clyde, Jr.; Selbin, Joel)R. Stuart Tobias Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 2, A121Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1970Published inissue 1 February 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ed047pA121.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1642Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Highly efficient asymmetric anti-Mannich reactions of carbonyl compounds with N-carbamoyl imines catalyzed by amino-thiourea organocatalysts (2012)

A series of pyrrolidine-based organocatalysts which bear three synergistic features, i.e. secondary amino group, various H-bond donor groups at the 4-position and a stereocontrol silyl ether group at the α-position of the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom, were developed. They were screened in anti-Mannich reactions of carbonyl compounds with preformed or in situ generated N-protected α-imino ethylglyoxylate and aldehydes with preformed or in situ generated N-carbamoyl imines. The influence of H-bond donor ability at the 4-position was also investigated. Among all the catalysts, 2a was identified as a general efficient organocatalyst suitable for various types of anti-Mannich reactions and broad substrate scope. Excellent results (up to 98% yield, >99% ee and >99 : 1 dr) were achieved with 5 mol% catalyst load. Sulfones with ortho substituents or very strong withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring, which have been regarded as challenging substrates in the direct anti-Mannich reactions of aldehydes with in situ generated N-carbamoyl imines, also worked well. The optimization of our catalytic system also offered alternative and easily operational protocols to access anti-Mannich products with orthogonal N-Boc or N-Cbz protecting groups.
Autocalib (2017)

Emerging smart cities are typically equipped with thousands of outdoor cameras. However, these cameras are typically not calibrated, i.e., information such as their precise mounting height and orientation is not available. Calibrating these cameras allows measurement of real-world distances from the video, thereby, enabling a wide range of novel applications such as identifying speeding vehicles, city road planning, etc. Unfortunately, robust camera calibration is a manual process today and is not scalable.
Formulations containing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and plasmid DNA expression vectors (2003)

DNA expression vectors have the potential to be useful therapeutics for a wide variety of applications. However, development has been hindered by the lack of systems that provide protection from nuclease-based attack, enable cell or tissue localisation, promote adequate gene expression or provide for controlled release. At least one synthetic polymer, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG), may provide benefit in this regard. This polymer has a history of safe use in humans, has been demonstrated effective as a delivery system, its use is not hindered by composition patents, and Good Manufacturing Practices grade material is readily available from commercial sources. Safety and applicability to clinical medicine have been proven by use of the polymer as a microparticle delivery vehicle for peptides (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist peptides; Lupron Depot [TAP Pharmaceuticals]; Zoladex [AstraZeneca]) and proteins (human growth hormone recombinant protein, Nutropin Depot [Genentech]). This report focuses on the expanding field of PLG-based DNA delivery and provides a review on research and clinical experience with PLG-plasmid formulations.
Portable power pack of rechargeable alkaline. [design of battery-holding power pack] (1962)

A portable power pack of the type capable of being carried on the body of a person is described. It comprises a body including a substantially rectangular perforated metal casing, a top cover, and a bottom cover. Each of the covers has flanged peripheral edges fitting over the side walls of the perforated metal casing. Several sealed, rechargeable alkaline batteries are located in the body. One of each of a pair of substantially flat insulating holder plates, is positioned at an end of perforated metal casing. Battery receiving means formed in the holder plates hold the batteries at the respective end thereof and position the batteries. The spacings in conjunction with perforated metal casing provide for ventilation of the batteries and the dissipation of heat which is normally developed when the batteries are recharged or subjected to heavy discharge.
Improved tomlinson-harashima precoding for the downlink of multiple antenna multi-user systems (2005)

In this paper, the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) algorithm is studied for use on the downlink of multiple antenna multi-user systems. Based on the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion, a new THP solution is derived, which provides significant performance improvement as compared to the zero-forcing (ZF) THP discussed in the literature. Ordering of the rows of the channel matrix is found to be important to the THP system performance. We reveal how this ordering reflects on the changing of system structure and prove the "best-first" ordering method is optimal for the ZF THP (or MMSE THP) in the minimax noise (or error) variance sense. Simulation results are used to show the performance advantage attained by the MMSE THP and the optimal ordering.
Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding the human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor/diphtheria toxin receptor (1993)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a recently identified, potent smooth muscle cell mitogen of macrophage origin. It is expressed in a highly regulated fashion in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, indicating a potentially important role for this gene in atherosclerosis. In addition, the HB-EGF precursor has recently been found to function as a receptor for diphtheria toxin. Using an HB-EGF cDNA probe, we cloned the human gene encoding HB-EGF. The HB-EGF gene contains six exons and five intervening sequences spanning 14 kb of DNA. By primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis, we located a major transcription start site (corresponding to an A residue) 14 bp beyond the 5' end of the HB-EGF cDNA. There were no TATAAA or CCAAT consensus sequences upstream of the transcription start site. The density of primer extension bands generated by RNA from endothelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was 10 times higher than that of bands generated by the control, indicating that TNF-alpha increased the level of HB-EGF mRNA. Using transient reporter gene transfection experiments, we show that 2.0 kb of HB-EGF 5'-flanking sequence has promoter activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells. By analysis of DNA isolated from human-mouse somatic hybrid cell lines, we assign the HB-EGF gene to chromosome 5. By functional study, chromosome 5 has been associated with diphtheria toxin susceptibility.
On the pitfalls of geographic face routing (2005)

Geographic face routing algorithms have been widely studied in the literature [1, 8, 13]. All face routing algorithms rely on two primitives: planarization and face traversal. The former computes a planar subgraph of the underlying wireless connectivity graph, while the latter defines a consistent forwarding mechanism for routing around "voids." These primitives are known to be provably correct under the idealized unit-disk graph assumption, where nodes are assumed to be connected if and only if they are within a certain distance from each other.In this paper we classify the ways in which existing planarization techniques fail with realistic, non-ideal radios. We also demonstrate the consequences of these pathologies on reachability between node pairs in a real wireless testbed. We then examine the various face traversal rules described in the literature, and identify those [12, 16] that are robust to violations of the unit-disk graph assumption.
The crayfish. An introduction to the study of zoology (1880)

(Astacus fluviatilis.
Real time rendering of atmospheric scattering and volumetric shadows (2013)

Real time rendering of atmospheric light scattering is one of the most difficult lighting effect to achieve in\ncomputer graphics. This paper presents a new real time method which renders these effects including volumetric\nshadows, which provides a great performance improvement over previous methods. Using an analytical\nexpression of the light transport equation we are able to render directly the contribution of the participating\nmedium on any surface. The rendering of shadow planes, sorted with a spatial coherence technique, and in the\nsame philosophy than the shadow volume algorithm will add the volumetric shadows. Realistic images can be\nproduced in real time for usual graphic scenes and at a high level framerate for complex scenes, allowing\nanimation of lights, objects or even participating media. The method proposed in this paper use neither\nprecomputation depending on light positions, nor texture memory.
Mechanical resistance of cemented post and core buildups for ITI‐Bonefit implants (1992)

In order to improve the prosthetic versatility of the ITI-Bonefit implant system, a clinical technique was tested whereby a custom made post and core buildup was cemented into implants. Specially designed threaded and serrated posts were machined in precious metal. After the posts were seated into the threaded channel of the implants, cores were built using autopolymerizing resin. Those were then cast and cemented into the implants. For the remainder of the procedure, the buildups were treated like natural abutments using conventional prosthodontic techniques. Mechanical tests were performed to assess the clinical viability of these buildups. The ultimate tensile strength of annealed posts lies in the 700-800 N range. By comparison, the pull-out resistance of posts cemented into natural roots ranged between 108 and 177 N, and the maximum pull-out resistance of manufactured abutments is about 1040 N. When the resistance against lateral forces was tested, the cemented build-ups ranged between 981 and 1128 N, whereas natural teeth fractured between 206 and 903 N depending on the diameter of the root. Manufactured abutments failed at stress levels of about 1020 N. Considering these favorable results, we conclude that the technique described above can be applied clinically for further investigation. Additionally, we suggest some modifications in implant design that would enhance the versatility of the system.
Phase 2 Trial of Interferon-Beta as Second-Line Treatment of Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, or Primary Carcinoma of the Peritoneum (2004)

Recombinant human interferon-beta produced a definite biological effect in the serum of treated patients, but this outcome was not translated into any clinically observable or meaningful impact on the disease process.