gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency in captive monkeys and its effect on the nervous system and the blood (1970)

Monkeys fed vegetarian diets develop neurological and haematological abnormalities; paralysis can occur though the neural lesions (cerebral degeneration, posterior and lateral column degeneration of the spinal cord, segmental and wallerian degeneration of the peripheral nerves) are usually not evident during life. It is clearly important that the diet given to captive animals should contain an adequate amount of vitamin B 12 , and that newly captive monkeys should not be used for research purposes unless shown to have normal serum levels of the vitamin.
Fault Detection for Gas Turbines Based on Long-Term Prediction using Self-Organizing Fuzzy Neural Networks (2007)

For real-time condition monitoring and fault detection of dual-lane controlled systems, reduced order models and long-term prediction are required. In this paper fault detection of reduced order model of nonlinear systems based on long-term prediction is proposed by using self-organizing fuzzy neural network (SOFNN). The main advantages of SOFNN are that, firstly, it is very user friendly as it can automatically determine the model structure and identify the model parameters without requiring the in-depth knowledge about fuzzy systems and neural networks; secondly, it provides the excellent modeling accuracy. Data gathered at an aero engine test-bed serve as the test vehicle to demonstrate the long-term prediction. A fault detection system is designed by using SOFNN. SOFNN is trained and used to simulate system dynamic characteristic. The simulation result is compared with actual output, and then fault error is drawn. The simulation result shows that, SOFNN can simulate the system more accurately, thus the change of residual error is easy to be detected. This assures the validity of this fault detection system.
Fabrication and tuning of nanoscale metallic ring and split-ring arrays (2007)

Metallic structures with dimensions smaller than the wavelength of light demonstrate optical properties which depend strongly on the nanoparticle size, shape, and interparticle spacing. The optical properties are caused by the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances that lead to strong enhancement and confinement of the optical field and can be exploited for many applications including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, near-field scanning optical microscopy, and negative refractive index materials. In order to fully exploit the properties of these structures, both a highly reproducible and flexible fabrication technique and an in-depth understanding of the optical properties are needed. In this article, the authors demonstrate the fabrication of arrays of gold rings and split rings on glass using electron beam lithography. Electron beam lithography allows not only precise control of the size, shape, and spacing of the arrays but also the scope to design novel shapes at will. We characterize these arrays using polarization dependent spectroscopy. The structures can support multiple plasmon resonances, demonstrating that excellent uniformity across the array is achieved. These resonances are further characterized using a finite difference time domain method to model the electric field distribution around the ring structures.
Hybridization of DNA to Bead-Immobilized Probes Confined within a Microfluidic Channel (2006)

We report the factors influencing the capture of DNA by DNA-modified microbeads confined within a microfluidic channel. Quantitative correlation of target capture efficiency to probe surface concentration, solution flow rate, and target concentration are discussed. The results indicate that the microfluidic system exhibits a limit of detection of approximately 10(-10) M (approximately 10(-16) mol) DNA and a selectivity factor of approximately 8 x 10(3). Typical hybridization times are on the order of minutes.
EFFECTS OF TREATMENT WITH A CETYLATED FATTY ACID TOPICAL CREAM ON STATIC POSTURAL STABILITY AND PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS (2005)

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of 30 days of treatment with a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids on static postural stability and plantar pressures in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of one or both knees. Forty patients diagnosed with knee OA were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 topical treatment groups: (a) cetylated fatty acid (CFA; N = 20; age = 62.7 ± 11.7 years); or (b) placebo (P; N = 20; age = 64.6 ± 10.5 years). Patients were tested on 2 occasions: (a) baseline (T1), and (b) following a 30-day treatment period consisting of cream application twice per day (T2). Assessments included 20- and 40-second quiet standing protocols on a force plate to measure center of pressure (COP) total excursion length, COP velocity, and rearfoot and forefoot plantar pressure distribution. In the CFA group, a significant reduction in the COP excursion length and velocity were observed at T2, whereas no significant differences were observed in the P group. No significant differences in mean forefoot, rearfoot, or rearfoot-to-forefoot plantar pressure ratios were observed in either group at T2. However, in a subgroup of participants designated to be right- or left-side dominant, improvements in the right-to-left forefoot plantar pressure ratios were observed in both groups. These data indicate that 30 days of treatment with a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids improves static postural stability in patients with knee OA presumably due to pain relief during quiet standing. Such over-the-counter treatment may help improve the exercise trainability of people with OA.
Transgenic rescue of aganglionosis and piebaldism in lethal spotted mice (2000)

Complete colonization of the gut by enteric neural precursors depends on activation of ednrB and Ret receptors by their respective ligands, edn3 and gdnf. Mutations that eliminate expression of either ligand or either receptor produce intestinal aganglionosis in rodents and humans. Embryos homozygous for the lethal spotted (ls) allele, a loss of function mutation in the edn3 gene, have no ganglion cells in their terminal large intestines and are spotted, due to incomplete colonization of the skin by melanocyte precursors. Expression of edn3 in enteric neural precursors of transgenic mice compensates fully for deficient endogenous edn3 in ls/ls embryos. The effects of the edn3 transgene are dose-dependent, as lower levels of expression in one line prevent aganglionosis in only a subset of animals and reduce, but fail to eliminate, piebaldism. In contrast, expression of neither constitutively active Ret nor activated ras in enteric neural progenitors alters the severity of aganglionosis or piebaldism in ls/ls mice. Given the spatial and temporal pattern of edn3-transgene expression, our results suggest that edn3/ednrB signals are not required prior to the arrival of crest cells in the gut and endrB stimulation elicits distinct cellular responses from Ret or ras activation. Dev Dyn 2000;217:120-132.
ESTERS OF SODIUM SULFOSUCCINIC ACID (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTESTERS OF SODIUM SULFOSUCCINIC ACIDC. R. Caryl and W. P. EricksCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 1, 44–47Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50349a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50349a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 5.6-GHz CMOS doubly balanced sub-harmonic mixer for direct conversion -zero IF receiver (2004)

A new low power 5.6 GHz doubly balanced sub-harmonic mixer for industrial scientific medical (ISM) band direct conversion - zero IF receiver in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS is presented. The mixer uses a power efficient LO frequency generation scheme to overcome the LO self-mixing problems common in conventional direct conversion receivers (DCR). Simulated with 1% gm mismatch, 0.5% load mismatch and 2/spl deg/ LO phase error, the mixer is able to achieve 55 dBm of IIP2, -6.5 dBm of IIP3 and voltage conversion gain of 8 dB while consuming less than 1.75 mA from a single 3 V supply. The mixer also achieves input compression of -12 dBm and an overall double side band noise figure of 5.96 dB. The proposed mixer takes up less than 1 mm/sup 2/ of silicon real estate.
Micro-Datacenter Management Architecture for Mobile Wellness Information (2014)

With the cloud computing, storage and computing resources are moving to remote resources such as virtual servers and storage systems in large datacenters, which raise many performance and management challenges. We consider distributed cloud systems, which deploy micro DC that are geographically distributed over a large number of locations in a wide-area network. In this article, we also argue for a micro DC-based network model that provides higher-level connectivity and logical network abstraction that are integral parts of wellness applications. We revisit our previously proposed logical network models that are used to configure the logical wellness network.
Inhibition by lithium of prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub> and norepinephrine effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate production in human platelets (1973)

Prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 )‐stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) production in human platelets is inhibited during treatment with lithium carbonate under ordinary clinical conditions. In acute experiments in vitro, greater concentrations of lithium chloride are required to produce a similar inhibition of PGE 1 ‐stimulated cyclic AMP production. Antagonism by norepinephrine of the PGE 1 stimulation effect on cyclic AMP production is also inhibited by lithium in vivo and in vitro. It is suggested that these and possibly other hormonal blocking effects of lithium may be relevant to its antimanic efficacy and to other clinical effects of this drug.
The right tools for the job (2003)

IN A CHANGING healthcare environment it becomes increasingly difficult to get the right people in the right place at the right time. The important issue is ensuring patient safety and while the legal responsibility may rest ultimately with managers, it is at ward level that the key day-to-day decisions are taken. As usual, it is frontline staff who bear the brunt when the skill mix is wrong. Staff shortages, developments in treatments and technology, clinical governance and an increasingly litigious climate combine to make an unstructured approach untenable. That is why the Commission for Health Improvement (CHI) is taking workforce-planning methods into account when it reviews trusts’ performance.
Environmental Factors Affecting Flavor of Channel Catfish from Production Ponds (1986)

Abstract Environmental variables and the flavor of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were monitored at 3-4-week intervals during 1982 and 1983 in 11 ponds at Browns, Alabama, and during 1983 in five production ponds near Auburn, Alabama. Off-flavor in fish flesh was most severe in late summer when algal and actinomycete activity in ponds was greatest in response to high water temperatures and large daily applications of fish feed. However, some fish from all ponds were not off-flavor. For example, in August 1982, flavor scores for fish from 11 ponds at Browns ranged from 1.6 to 9.5 (a score above 9 indicates no off-flavor). The earthy-musty flavor of geosmin was the most common and intense off-flavor in fish. Regression analyses between environmental variables and flavor scores failed to yield strong or consistent correlations. Blue-green algae and actinomycetes, which are known to produce geosmin and other odorous compounds, were abundant in ponds with off-flavor fish; however, these microorganisms also were abundant in ponds where fish were not off-flavor. Off-flavor was equally common in fish from ponds with acidic muds and low alkalinity waters and from ponds with alkaline muds and high alkalinity waters, but the lowest flavor scores were recorded in the more alkaline environments.
In African American Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Is Vitamin D Deficiency Associated with Lower Blood Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, and Elevated Oxidative Stress? (2012)

African Americans (AA) have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and vitamin D (VD) deficiency compared with Caucasians. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an important signaling molecule. This study examined the hypothesis that blood levels of H(2)S are lower in AA type 2 diabetic patients (T2D). Fasting blood was obtained from T2D and healthy controls. Results showed a significant decrease in plasma levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and H(2)S in AA T2D but not in Caucasian T2D when compared with those of respective age- and race-matched healthy controls. Plasma VD levels were significantly lower in AA T2D compared with Caucasian T2D. Cell culture studies demonstrate that 1,25(OH)(2)-VD supplementation significantly increased expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), H(2)S formation, and cAMP secretion, but decreased reactive oxygen species in high glucose-treated U937 monocytes. This suggests that VD supplementation upregulates CSE and H(2)S formation and decreases oxidative stress, and that VD deficiency may contribute to the malfunctioning of H(2)S signaling and thus a higher incidence of vascular inflammation in AA. These results lead to the hypothesis that VD supplementation can replenish blood concentrations of H(2)S and cAMP and lower oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in AA T2D.
The propeptide is required for in vivo formation of stable active yeast proteinase A and can function even when not covalently linked to the mature region. (1993)

The PEP4-encoded aspartate protease proteinase A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is synthesized as a zymogen (Ammerer, G., Hunter, C. P., Rothman, J. H., Saari, G. C., Valls, L. A., and Stevens, T. H. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 2490-2499; Woolford, C. A., Daniels, L. B., Park, F. J., Jones, E. W., van Arsdell, J. N., and Innis, M. A. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 2500-2510). We constructed a mutant form, lacking the propeptide. This form, still containing the signal peptide, was translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum, but the mature region was subsequently completely degraded. When a plasmid encoding only the propeptide after the signal peptide was introduced into a strain producing the mature region, a subpopulation of mature region molecules was rescued from the degradation and gained activity. Increased activity was found when the mature region was co-produced with increased amounts of propeptide, whereas truncated propeptides, lacking residues at its C terminus, were less efficient in the interaction with the mature region. We propose that the mature region of proteinase A cannot fold into its stable active conformation in the absence of the propeptide and that the propeptide can promote folding of the mature region, even when the propeptide and the mature region are not covalently linked.
Inactivation of Caspase‐1 in Rodent Brain: A Novel Anticonvulsive Strategy (2006)

Inhibition of caspase-1 represents an effective and novel anticonvulsive strategy, which acts by selectively reducing the brain availability of IL-1beta.
Bessel beams as virtual tips for near‐field optics (2003)

In the previous NFO meeting, we proposed the use of confined evanescent light beams as 'virtual' or 'immaterial' tips. Unfortunately, this technique was hindered by the need for perfectly radially polarized light beams. In this communication, we propose a simple, stable and cheap method allowing the generation of beams of any polarization and more especially of purely radially polarized light beams. We also demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that for near-field imaging systems polarization is a limiting factor of resolution and light confinement. Finally, we present the very first experimental results dealing with virtual tips.
New divided-source structure to eliminate instability of threshold voltage in p-channel flash memory using channel hot-hole-induced-hot-electron programming (2003)

A divided source structure for p-channel flash memory is introduced to eliminate the threshold voltage instability during operation. The instability comes from the strong hot electron gate current of unselected cells having been programmed. The unselected cells will suffer from undesired programming, which creates an undesired leakage of unselected cells during the read operation. The proposed structure enables the source of unselected cells to be raised up to -3 V, which inhibits the channel hot electron generation efficiently due to reduction of the lateral field. Thus stability of the threshold voltage is achieved.
On the improving coupling between coplanar waveguide and low-permittivity dielectric resonator antenna (2003)

In this paper, a technique for improving the input matching of a CPW-fed DR antenna with low permittivity by adding a vertical strip extended from the center strip of the CPW on the surface of the DR is proposed. The DR antenna operates at the HEM/sub 11/spl delta// broadside mode. The added strip operates like a vertical dipole, which can excite the meridian E-field mode of the DR antenna. The original aperture fed by the CPW acts as a horizontal magnetic current source, which excites the H-field in the equatorial plane. The improved coupling is expected because an additional coupling mechanism is introduced by adding the vertical strip. Moreover, the two forms of coupling by the aperture and the added vertical strip may excite two staggered resonant modes, which may be very close so that wideband operation is formed.
Ada conformity assessments (1999)

This paper presents the actual status of Ada Conformity Assessments after the transition of Ada Conformity Assessments from the Ada Joint Program Office to ISO. The principles of Ada Conformity Assessments according to the ISO/IEE Final Committee Draft 18009 are summarized and the commonalties and differences to the previous practices are discussed. In the main part of the work conformity assessments for Ada C, C++, and Java are compared. It is shown that the process as practiced with Ada is unique compared to other programming languages. This can be understood by looking at the special culture of the language Ada and its validation system. Both were sponsored by one single party (the US DoD) and not the IT industry. The paper concludes with an assessment and outlook on the future development on compiler conformity assessments in general.
LEUKOCYTE-REDUCTION FILTERS AND RADIATION DO NOT CAUSE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN PLATELET FUNCTION (2003)

In the present study, we investigated the effects of radiation and leukocyte-reduction filters on platelet function. Platelet aggregation in response to collagen and ADP were measured prior to and after irradiation and filtration, as were the platelet recovery rate and complement factor C3. Four types of leukocyte-reduction filter were used, namely positively-, negatively-, and non-charged filters (all of polyester composition), as well as a polyurethane filter. Radiation itself did not significantly affect either the platelet recovery rate, platelet function, or C3 value. On the other hand, filtration through polyester leukocyte-reduction filters resulted in a significant reduction in the platelet recovery rate, an effect not observed with the polyurethane filter. However, none of the filters caused significant changes in platelet function or in C3 value. We concluded that radiation and filtration do not cause significant changes in platelet function, but polyurethane filters are superior to polyester filters in relation to platelet recovery.
Mechanisms of activation of mammalian plasma fibrinolytic systems with streptokinase and with recombinant staphylokinase (1993)

The molecular basis of the marked interspecies variability in the response of plasma fibrinolytic systems to activation by streptokinase (SK) or recombinant staphylokinase (STAR) was studied using highly purified plasminogens and alpha 2-antiplasmins from five representative species (man, baboon, rabbit, dog and cow). Human plasminogen reacted rapidly and stoichiometrically with both SK and STAR to yield potent plasminogen activators (catalytic efficiencies, kcat/Km, of 1.0 microM-1 x s-1 and 0.3 microM-1 x s-1, respectively). The complex with SK was insensitive to alpha 2-antiplasmin, which, however, rapidly inhibited the complex with STAR (second-order rate constant, k1,app of 8 x 10(6) M-1 x s-1). In a system composed of a 0.06-ml 125I-fibrin-labeled plasma clot submerged in 0.30 ml plasma, both SK and STAR had potent fibrinolytic properties, causing 50% clot lysis in 2 h (EC50), with 120 nM and 13 nM, respectively. Clot lysis with SK was non-fibrin specific (residual fibrinogen < 10%), whereas lysis with STAR was highly fibrin specific (residual fibrinogen 76%). Canine plasminogen reacted avidly with SK, but SK was rapidly degraded; it reacted rapidly and quantitatively with STAR to form a potent plasminogen-activating complex (kcat/Km of 0.4 microM-1 x s-1) which was sensitive to neutralization by alpha 2-antiplasmin (k1,app of 6 x 10(5) M-1 x s-1). In a canine plasma milieu, SK was relatively potent (EC50 200 nM) and fibrin specific, whereas STAR was very potent (EC50 1.3 nM) but poorly fibrin specific. Baboon and rabbit plasminogen did not form stable stoichiometric complexes with SK, but reacted stoichiometrically and quantitatively with STAR. The complexes with STAR, however, had low catalytic efficiencies for the activation of their autologous plasminogens (kcat/Km 0.02 microM-1 x s-1) and reacted more slowly with alpha 2-antiplasmin (k1,app 5-10 x 10(5) M-1 x s-1). Bovine plasminogen was virtually unreactive towards both SK and STAR as well as to their complexes with human plasminogen, as monitored by measurement of the initial activation rates. The resistance to fibrinogen degradation with STAR observed in the human system could be transferred to the canine system by reconstituting canine plasma, depleted of plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin, with the human proteins. Conversely, the sensitivity to fibrinogen degradation of the canine system could be transferred to the human system by reconstituting depleted plasma with canine plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin. It is concluded that the variability in the response of mammalian plasma fibrinolytic systems to activation with SK or STAR is determined mainly by the extent of complex formation of these compounds with plasminogen, by the catalytic efficiencies of the complexes for the activation of autologous plasminogen and by the rate of inhibition of these complexes by alpha 2-antiplasmin.