gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Coating Whole Cottonseed on Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows (1999)

Thirty-six lactating Jersey cows were used in a randomized block design to determine the effect of coating whole fuzzy cottonseed to improve handling characteristics on intake, milk yield, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and blood gossypol concentrations. Treatments included whole cottonseed at 15% of dietary dry matter either as whole cottonseed, whole cottonseed coated with 5% gelatinized corn starch, or whole cottonseed coated with 5% corn starch plus 10% maltodextrin sugar. Dry matter intake, milk yield, percentage of milk protein and lactose, and yield of milk components were not different among treatments; however, the percentage of milk fat was depressed when maltodextrin sugar was included in the coating. When in vitro fermentations of mixed ruminal microorganism were conducted, final pH was lower and concentrations of total fatty acids, propionate, and L-lactate were higher for whole cottonseed coated with starch and sugar compared with uncoated cottonseed. Nutrient intake was similar among treatments, but the apparent digestibility of acid and neutral detergent fiber was reduced when coated cottonseed were fed. Total plasma gossypol concentration was higher for the cottonseed coated with starch compared with cottonseed coated with starch and sugar, but the difference was not of biological significance. Results of this study indicate that coating whole cottonseed with starch does not alter its palatability or nutrient value for supporting milk yield, but a reduction in fiber digestibility was observed. Inclusion of 10% maltodextrin sugar in the coating altered ruminal fermentation and resulted in a depressed percentage of milk fat.
THE SYNTHESIS OF ACETYLCHOLINE FROM ACETYL‐CoA, ACETYL‐DEPHOSPHO‐CoA AND ACETYLPANTETHEINE PHOSPHATE BY CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (1977)

Abstract— The synthesis of ACh by choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) has been examined using acetyl‐CoA, acetyl‐dephospho‐CoA and acetylpantetheine phosphate. At pH 7.5 K m values of 25.7 μ m for acetyl‐CoA, 54.8 μ m for acetyl‐dephospho‐CoA and 382 μ m for acetylpantetheine phosphate were obtained and are similar to those at pH 6.0. This indicates that the 3‐phosphate may not be required for binding the substrate to the enzyme unlike carnitine acetyltransferase. Inhibitor constants ( K i ) for CoA, dephospho‐CoA and pantetheine phosphate were also measured and when considered with the K m values obtained for the acetyl derivatives it is concluded that acetyl‐dephospho‐CoA could be a successful acetyl donor in the synthesis of ACh. Acetyl‐dephospho‐CoA was found to be less satisfactory as a substrate for citrate synthase.
Ultra Compact Laser Projectors (2011)

Recently, many ultra compact projectors have been launched and have received attention from the
Automatic traffic sign detection and recognition using moment invariants and support vector machine (2017)

Automatic traffic sign detection and recognition (TSDR) is one of the most significant areas of object detection. In spite of numerous researches, it has always been a challenging problem. In this paper, an approach for detecting circular and triangular traffic signs is proposed. The performance of the entire system is measured on German traffic sign detection benchmark (GTSDB) and German traffic sign recognition benchmark (GTSRB) dataset. Traffic signs are detected using color segmentation and thresholding method in Hue Saturation Intensity (HSI) color space. Then, the shape of traffic signs is detected using geometric invariant Hu moments. Further, the features are extracted using a technique called HSI-HOG descriptor where features are extracted from each channel of HSI independently. To select the most discriminant features with minimal loss of information, dimensionality reduction technique Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied and classification is performed using Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique.
Modelling and Analysis of Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charging Infrastructure Based on PSIM (2013)

In this paper, DC fast charging infrastructure model using PSIM is proposed. DC Fast charging infrastructure is modelled as a bidirectional three-phase PWM rectifier with constant output voltage control and unity power factor input current control. The specification of the DC fast charging infrastructure is a constant voltage charging mode with capacity of 50 kW. Using a proposed model, a simulation on various levels of State Of Charge (SOC) which are simplified to the battery voltage drop levels was also performed. Lithium ion batteries was used and modelled by The venin equivalent battery model. Analysis of the DC fast charging impacts to the grid seen from the input current Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) were conducted.
Effects of Deposition Temperature on the Properties of Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films (2014)

A compound of 97wt% ZnO and 3wt% Ga2O3 (GZO) was sintered at 1400°C as a target and deposited on glass using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering system. The effects of deposition temperature (from room temperature, RT, to ~300°C) on the crystallization size, lattice constant (c), resistivity, carrier concentration, carrier mobility, and optical transmission property of the GZO thin films were studied. The variations in the films' optical band gap (Eg) values were evaluated from plots of (ahv)^2 = c(hv-Eg), revealing that the measured Eg values increased with increasing deposition temperature. The Burstein-Moss shift was observed and used to prove that defects in the GZO thin films decreased with increasing deposition temperature and reached a minimum at 200°C.
Enhanced optical modulation using azo-dye polymers (1993)

The performance of the conventional azo-dye polymer modulation system is compared with that of the recently developed attenuated-total-reflection (ATR) dye-polymer modulation techniques. Experiments based on Fabry-Perot resonance shifting in ATR geometry indicate that the modulation parameters, namely, speed, contrast, and efficiency, are enhanced. Although the dye-polymer response still remains fairly slow, ATR methods provide substantial improvement over the existing system. An all-optic long-range surface-plasmon azo-dye polymer modulation system is also proposed. Computer simulation of the reflectance and the photoinduced resonance shifting suggest that the proposed system can be used effectively for all-optic modulation. Some of the limitations of both systems and a pratical application of the ATR modulation methods are discussed.
BiSearch (2007)

The design of adequate primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is sometimes a difficult task. This is the case when either the target sequence harbors unusual nucleotide motifs or the template is complex. Unusual nucleotide motifs can be repeat elements, whereas complex templates are targets for mispriming and alternative amplification products. Such examples are GC-rich native or bisulfite-treated genomic DNA sequences. Bisulfite treatment leads to the specific conversion of non-methylated cytosines to uracyls. This is the key step of bisulfite genomic sequencing, widely used to determine DNA methylation of a sequence. Here, we describe BiSearch Web server (http://bisearch.enzim.hu), a primer design software created for designing primers to amplify such target sequences. Furthermore, we developed a unique post-design primer analysis module, to carry out genome wide searches to identify genomic mispriming sites and to test by electronic (in silico) PCR (ePCR) for alternative PCR products. This option is currently available on four native or bisulfite-treated mammalian genomes.
Optimised design of Jaumann radar absorbingmaterialsusing a genetic algorithm (1996)

The design of wideband, multilayer radar absorbing materials involves the solution of an N-dimensional optimisation problem. Genetic algorithms appear to offer significant advantages over conventional optimisation techniques for this type of problem owing to their robustness and independence of performance function derivatives. To illustrate their use, the paper considers two problems: first the optimum design of wideband, multilayer, passive Jaumann radar absorbers with or without an outer high-permittivity skin; and secondly, an examination of the potential of such absorbers when configured as active i.e. frequency agile, dynamic structures.
Evaluation of the Minimum Forward Roadway Glance Duration (2015)

Several studies have reported that excessively long glances away from the forward roadway elevated the risk of crashes. However, little research has been conducted to determine how long between glances inside the vehicle to perform a secondary task does a driver need to glance toward the forward roadway to detect threats present in or emerging from the forward roadway. To determine this length of time, the authors asked drivers to perform simulated in-vehicle tasks requiring seven glances alternating inside (four) and outside (three) the vehicle. The glance inside was limited to 2 s. The glance outside was varied between 1 and 4 s. Forty-five participants were evaluated across one continuous view and two conditions of alternating views (baseline and low cognitive load). Drivers in both conditions of alternating views were found to detect far more hazards when the forward roadway duration between two in-vehicle glances was the longest (4 s). The decrease in hazard detection during the shorter roadway durations was a consequence of the drivers' having to devote more resources to their driving while they switched their attention between the primary (driving) and secondary (in-vehicle) tasks. Type of processing was found to have an effect, with a larger percentage of the hazards detected in scenarios involving bottom-up processing (compared with top-down), while there was no significant effect found for eccentricity (central versus peripheral). The results suggest that a driver's minimum glance duration on the forward roadway must be at least 7 s when he or she is engaged in a low-load, in-vehicle task that requires alternating glances inside and outside the vehicle.
Summary of Information on the Effects of Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation on Cytochrome P450 and Other Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters (2012)

The present paper is an update of data on the effects of ionizing radiation (γ-rays, X-rays, high energy UV, fast neutron) caused by environmental pollution or clinical treatments and the effects of non-ionizing radiation (low energy UV) on the expression and/or activity of drug metabolism (e.g., cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione transferase (GST)), enzymes involved in oxidative stress (e.g., peroxidases, catalase (CAT), aconitase (ACO), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), and transporters. The data are presented in tabular form (Tables 1-3) and are a continuation of previously published summaries on the effects of drugs and other chemicals on cytochrome P450 enzymes (Rendic, S.; Di Carlo, F. Drug Metab. Rev., 1997, 29 (1-2), 413-580, Rendic, S. Drug Metab. Rev., 2002, 34 (1-2), 83- 448) and of the data on the effects of diseases and environmental factors on the expression and/or activity of human cytochrome P450 enzymes and transporters (Guengerich, F.P.; Rendic, S. Curr. Drug Metab., 2010, 11(1), 1-3, Rendic, S.; Guengerich, F.P. Curr. Drug Metab., 2010, 11 (1), 4-84). The collective information is as presented by the cited author(s) in cases where several references are cited the latest published information is included. Remarks and conclusions suggesting clinically important impacts are highlighted, followed by discussion of the major findings. The searchable database is available as an Excel file (for information about file availability contact the corresponding author).
Quaternary salts from 2‐(methylpyridyl or quinolyl)benz‐X‐azoles and related polymethine dyes (1978)

Abstract The quaternisation of 2‐(methylpyridyl or quinolyl)benz‐X‐azoles mainly leads to the corresponding pyridinium and quinolinium salts, from which polymethine dyes are prepared. The electronic spectra and the methyl protons chemical shifts are briefly discussed.
Nano-engineering the Antimicrobial Spectrum of Lantibiotics: Activity of Nisin against Gram Negative Bacteria (2017)

Lantibiotics, bacteria-sourced antimicrobial peptides, are very good candidates for effective and safe food additives. Among them, nisin is already approved by the EU and FDA, and has been used in food preservation for the past 40 years. Now, there is a possibility and strong interest to extend its applicability to biomedicine for designing innovative alternatives to antibiotics. The main obstacle is, however, its naturally narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity, focused on Gram positive bacteria. Here we demonstrate broadening nisin's spectrum to Gram negative bacteria using a nano-engineering approach. After binding nisin molecules to the surface of gold nano-features, uniformly deposited on spherical carbon templates, we created a nanocomposite with a high density of positively charged groups. Before assembly, none of the components of the nanocomposite showed any activity against bacterial growth, which was changed after assembly in the form of the nanocomposite. For the first time we showed that this type of structure enables interactions capable of disintegrating the wall of Gram negative bacteria. As confirmed by the nisin model, the developed approach opens up new horizons for the use of lantibiotics in designing post-antibiotic drugs.
Fabrication process for ultra high aspect ratio polysilazane-derived MEMS (2003)

We present a new process for fabricating polysilazane-derived MEMS components with ultra high aspect ratios. The width-to-height ratio of actual structures fabricated at this time is (/spl sim/20: 1), but shows promising results to achieve aspect ratios of 50: 1. Polysilazane-derived materials are a group of polymers and ceramics that can be functionalized to have a wide range of electronic, magnetic, dielectric, and optical properties. The fabrication process is based on contact lithography of a liquid photopolymer precursor, poly urea methyl vinyl silazane, PUMVS (Kion Corp.), with photoinitiator 2,2-dimethoxy 2-acetophenone, DMPA (Aldrich) for polysilazane. Contact lithography of aqueous photopolymers presents a substantial improvement in resolution, flatness of structures, and aspect ratio compared to microcasting and proximity printing for polysilazane-derived MEMS. In the future, this fabrication technique may be extended beyond polysilazane-derived materials to a wide variety of aqueous photopolymerizable sol-gels, preceramics, and photopolymers.
Structures of microfilament destabilizing toxins bound to actin provide insight into toxin design and activity (2005)

Marine macrolides that disrupt the actin cytoskeleton are promising candidates for cancer treatment. Here, we present the actin-bound x-ray crystal structures of reidispongiolide A and C and sphinxolide B, three marine macrolides found among a recently discovered family of cytotoxic compounds. Their structures allow unequivocal assignment of the absolute configuration for each compound. A comparison of their actin-binding site to macrolides found in the trisoxazole family, as well as the divalent macrolide, swinholide A, reveals the existence of a common binding surface for a defined segment of their macrocyclic ring. This surface is located on a hydrophobic patch adjacent to the cleft separating domains 1 and 3 at the barbed-end of actin. The large area surrounding this surface accommodates a wide variety of conformations and designs observed in the macrocyclic component of barbed-end-targeting macrolides. Conversely, the binding pocket for the macrolide tail, located within the cleft itself, shows very limited variation. Functional characterization of these macrolides by using in vitro actin filament severing and polymerization assays demonstrate the necessity of the N-methyl-vinylformamide moiety at the terminus of the macrolide tail for toxin potency. These analyses also show the importance of stable interactions between the macrocyclic ring and the hydrophobic patch on actin for modifying filament structure and how this stability can be compromised by subtle changes in macrolactone ring composition. By identifying the essential components of these complex natural products that underlie their high actin affinity, we have established a framework for designing new therapeutic agents.
Design and Characterization of SGK3-PROTAC1, an Isoform Specific SGK3 Kinase PROTAC Degrader (2019)

SGK3 is a PX domain containing protein kinase activated at endosomes downstream of class 1 and 3 PI3K family members by growth factors and oncogenic mutations. SGK3 plays a key role in mediating resistance of breast cancer cells to class 1 PI3K or Akt inhibitors, by substituting for the loss of Akt activity and restoring proliferative pathways such as mTORC1 signaling. It is therefore critical to develop tools to potently target SGK3 and obstruct its role in inhibitor resistance. Here, we describe the development of SGK3-PROTAC1, a PROTAC conjugate of the 308-R SGK inhibitor with the VH032 VHL binding ligand, targeting SGK3 for degradation. SGK3-PROTAC1 (0.3 μM) induced 50% degradation of endogenous SGK3 within 2 h, with maximal 80% degradation observed within 8 h, accompanied by a loss of phosphorylation of NDRG1, an SGK3 substrate. SGK3-PROTAC1 did not degrade closely related SGK1 and SGK2 isoforms that are nevertheless engaged and inhibited by 308-R. Proteomic analysis revealed that SGK3 was the only cellular protein whose cellular levels were significantly reduced following treatment with SGK3-PROTAC1. Low doses of SGK3-PROTAC1 (0.1-0.3 μM) restored sensitivity of SGK3 dependent ZR-75-1 and CAMA-1 breast cancer cells to Akt (AZD5363) and PI3K (GDC0941) inhibitors, whereas the cis epimer analogue incapable of binding to the VHL E3 ligase had no impact. SGK3-PROTAC1 suppressed proliferation of ZR-75-1 and CAMA-1 cancer cell lines treated with a PI3K inhibitor (GDC0941) more effectively than could be achieved by a conventional SGK isoform inhibitor (14H). This work underscores the benefit of the PROTAC approach in targeting protein kinase signaling pathways with greater efficacy and selectivity than can be achieved with conventional inhibitors. SGK3-PROTAC1 will be an important reagent to explore the roles of the SGK3 pathway.
Full C-band external cavity wavelength tunable laser using a liquid-Crystal-based tunable mirror (2005)

A compact full C-band external cavity wavelength tunable laser is proposed. The cavity contains a fixed etalon and makes use of a liquid-crystal-based tunable mirror. The measurement results show a tuning range of 35 nm with fiber coupled power of more than 15 dBm. The sidemode suppression ratio is higher than 50 dB over the whole range and the relative intensity noise is below -148 dB/Hz. The linewidth is in worst case 700 kHz.
Inflammation-related genes up-regulated in schizophrenia brains (2007)

Although the modified genes are not classical indicators of chronic or acute inflammation, our results indicate alterations of inflammation-related pathways in schizophrenia. In addition, the observation in oligodendrocyte cells suggests that alterations in inflammatory-related genes may have consequences for myelination. Our findings encourage future research to explore whether anti-inflammatory agents can be used in combination with traditional antipsychotics for a more efficient treatment of schizophrenia.
Measurement of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in normal and ischaemic skin (1983)

The transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2) was measured by a polarographic technique in the legs of 161 volunteers and compared with the levels found in 62 patients with ischaemic skin due to peripheral vascular disease. The results show that the tcPO2 was related to the degree of ischaemia and, in many cases, was a more accurate guide to the viability of the skin than clinical assessment. Measurement of the transcutaneous oxygen pressure in the leg at the site of amputation in 24 patients with peripheral vascular disease showed that a preoperative level greater than 40 millimetres of mercury at an electrode temperature of 44 degrees Celsius was necessary for the skin of the stump to heal. The technique is simple, non-invasive and reliable. The tcPO2 accurately reflects the physiological and pathological changes in the circulation of the skin. It has potential in many fields of surgery where careful assessment of the viability of the skin is necessary.
Optimizing microscan for radiometry with cooled IR cameras. (2019)

Optical microscanning is a popular method in infrared imaging, providing a relatively cost-efficient means to increase the spatial resolution of the camera system. Here, we discuss the impact of microscan on parameters relevant for thermography applications. Other than imaging applications, thermography is extremely sensitive to changes of the absolute irradiation power caused by the additional microscan optics. Additional reflectance and stray radiation must be avoided or corrected for. Also, current and future developments in detector technology, such as reduced pixel pitch, will pose new challenges to the feasibility of microscan. As a practical example, we will present a microscan implementation adapted to the specific needs of thermography applications with infrared cameras based on a cooled detector. A fast rotating filter wheel with precisely adjusted deflection windows is used to produce the desired image shift. This allows us to utilize microscan while retaining the high imaging speeds usually required in applications employing cooled infrared detectors. Often, calibrated thermographic cameras are used in applications necessitating a wide range of calibrated temperature measuring ranges reaching from -40 °C to <2000 °C. Optimizing the design of the microscan device for compactness opens the possibility to combine the feature with additional optical filters, allowing wide temperature measurement ranges as well as imaging within different spectral windows.
Joint direction-of-departure and direction-of-arrival estimation in an ultra-wideband MIMO radar system (2014)

This paper presents a joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in an ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system. The idea is to utilize multiple sinusoidal waves swept over the UWB bandwidth. A two-dimensional MUSIC algorithm was adopted to estimate the respective DOD and DOA at each frequency component. Histograms of the estimated angles were formulated to obtain the peak DOD and DOA. Simulation results demonstrated that the combination of the 2D-MUSIC and the angle histograms resulted in precise estimation of DOD and DOA. Indoor experiments also validated the proposed technique.
Effect of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. (1984)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2). CBF, arterial and jugular venous partial O2 pressure, partial CO2 pressure, pH, and O2 saturation percentage were measured in six patients before and 3 and 20 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 g of acetazolamide. CBF was measured by the intracarotid 133xenon injection technique. In addition, changes in CBF were estimated from the arteriovenous oxygen content difference. CBF increased in all patients after acetazolamide, by approximately 55 and 70% after 3 and 20 min, respectively. The CBF changes were of the same order whether calculated from the 133Xe clearance or from the arteriovenous oxygen differences (A-V)O2. CMRO2, calculated from (A-V)O2 differences and CBF, remained constant. Except for an increase in the venous oxygen saturation, the blood gases remained constant. Acetazolamide, in a dose sufficient to inhibit the erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1), thus induced a rapid and marked increase in CBF, leaving CMRO2 unchanged. This effect of acetazolamide on CBF is probably explained by a decrease in brain pH rather than by brain tissue hypoxia due to inhibition of oxygen unloading in the brain capillaries.