gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geothermal brines and sludges: a new resource (1996)

Development of cost efficient biochemical processes for the treatment of geothermal brines and sludges is the main thrust of a major R&D effort at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This effort has led to the design of an environmentally acceptable, technically and economically feasible new technology which converts geothermal wastes into products with significant commercial potential. These include valuable metals recovery with a metal extraction and recovery efficiency of better then 80% over short periods of time (5-25 hours). The new technology also yields valuable salts, such as potassium chloride and generates high quality pigment free silica. The basic technology is versatile and can, with slight modifications, be used in the treatment of hypersaline as well as low salinity brines and sludges. Concurrently traces of toxic metals, including radium are removed to levels which are within regulatory limits. The current status of the new biochemical technology will be discussed in this paper.
Liquid cooling for 3D-ICs (2011)

This paper investigated micro-channel based liquid cooling in 3D-ICs. Specifically, the structure of 3D-IC with micro-channels, and its thermal/hydrodynamic modeling are studied. Also, the design challenges of micro-channel heat sinks in 3D-IC are summarized.
Distinguishing between yield advances and yield plateaus in historical crop production trends (2013)

Food security and land required for food production largely depend on rate of yield gain of major cereal crops. Previous projections of food security are often more optimistic than what historical yield trends would support. Many econometric projections of future food production assume compound rates of yield gain, which are not consistent with historical yield trends. Here we provide a framework to characterize past yield trends and show that linear trajectories adequately describe past yield trends, which means the relative rate of gain decreases over time. Furthermore, there is evidence of yield plateaus or abrupt decreases in rate of yield gain, including rice in eastern Asia and wheat in northwest Europe, which account for 31% of total global rice, wheat and maize production. Estimating future food production capacity would benefit from an analysis of past crop yield trends based on a robust statistical analysis framework that evaluates historical yield trajectories and plateaus.
An Autocatalytic Mechanism for the Reaction of Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2] in Electrolyte at Elevated Temperature (2000)

Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) is used to study the reaction between and electrolyte. The reacttion is found to be autocatalytic, that is, the reaction initially proceeds slowly, but accelerates rapidly as reaction products that promote the reaction itself are formed. An autocatalytic model of the reaction kinetics is used to reproduce accurately the experimental self‐heating rate vs. temperature results for samples of charged to 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 V. Two different samples of were studied, and one was found to be much more reactive than the other, showing that the choice of electrode material is an important consideration in the manufacture of practical cells. The power vs. time or power vs. temperature generated by the reaction between and electrolyte can also be calculated using the autocatalytic model, and compared to differential scanning calorimetry experiments, for example. These expressions can also be used to predict the heat evolved due to cathode‐electrolyte reactions in practical Li‐ion cells exposed to high temperature. Coupled with similar models for the anode‐electrolyte reaction kinetics (that we have presented earlier), the response of full Li‐ion cells to thermal abuse can be predicted accurately. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
On-Target Anti-TGF-β Therapies Are Not Succeeding in Clinical Cancer Treatments: What Are Remaining Challenges? (2020)

Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. During cancer progression, the initial detachment of cells from the primary tumor and the later colonization of a secondary organ are characterized as limiting steps for metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are opposite dynamic multistep processes that enable these critical events in metastasis by altering the phenotype of cancer cells and improving their ability to migrate, invade and seed at distant organs. Among the molecular pathways that promote tumorigenesis in late-stage cancers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is described as an EMT master inducer by controlling different genes and proteins related to cytoskeleton assembly, cell-cell attachment and extracellular matrix remodeling. Still, despite the successful outcomes of different TGF-β pharmacological inhibitors in cell culture (<i>in vitro</i>) and animal models (<i>in vivo</i>), results in cancer clinical trials are poor or inconsistent at least, highlighting the existence of crucial components in human cancers that have not been properly explored. Here we review most recent findings to provide perspectives bridging the gap between on-target anti-TGF-β therapies <i>in vitro</i> and in pre-clinical models and the poor clinical outcomes in treating cancer patients. Specifically, we focus on (i) the dual roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis; (ii) dynamic signaling; (iii) functional differences of TGF-β free in solution vs. in exosomes; (iv) the regulatory effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) - particularly by cancer-associated fibroblasts - on TGF-β signaling pathway. Clearly identifying and establishing those missing links may provide strategies to revitalize and clinically improve the efficacy of TGF-β targeted therapies.
Synthesis, antiretrovirus effects and phosphorylation kinetics of 3'-isocyano-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-isocyano-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, antiretrovirus effects and phosphorylation kinetics of 3'-isocyano-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-isocyano-2',3'-dideoxyuridineJohann Hiebl, Erich Zbiral, Jan Balzarini, and Erik De ClercqCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 2, 845–848Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00164a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00164a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal Structure of DNA Recombination Protein RuvA and a Model for Its Binding to the Holliday Junction (1996)

The Escherichia coli DNA binding protein RuvA acts in concert with the helicase RuvB to drive branch migration of Holliday intermediates during recombination and DNA repair. The atomic structure of RuvA was determined at a resolution of 1.9 angstroms. Four monomers of RuvA are related by fourfold symmetry in a manner reminiscent of a four-petaled flower. The four DNA duplex arms of a Holliday junction can be modeled in a square planar configuration and docked into grooves on the concave surface of the protein around a central pin that may facilitate strand separation during the migration reaction. The model presented reveals how a RuvAB-junction complex may also accommodate the resolvase RuvC.
ON DATA-REUSE ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS (2003)

Adaptive filters play an important role in signal processing and several different categories appear in the literature. In this paper, we discuss a class of adaptive algorithms called data-reuse. The hope of a data-reuse adaptive algorithm is to improve the convergence rate of the initial algorithm. We show, in particular, that the so-called block exact normalized LMS is a block version of the Schnaufer and Jenkins data-reuse NLMS, and show that many different forms of the latter exist but will not improve convergence or reduce complexity (compared to the initial form). We also discuss the structure and efficiency of these algorithms. 1.
Newtonian Multigrade Gear Lubricants: Formulation and Performance Testing (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of high molecular weight polyalphaolefins makes possible the preparation of Newtonian multigraded lubricants. The preparation of a family of multigrade automotive gear oils, including a unique 75W-140 grade, is presented along with GL-5 performance testing and fuel economy demonstration under controlled conditions.</div>
Inhibition of the human sperm acrosome reaction by proteinase inhibitors (1989)

The analogue of the second messenger cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), was shown to induce the human sperm acrosome reaction to the same extent as calcium ionophore A23187, providing preliminary evidence for the involvement of the adenylate cyclase system in the acrosome reaction (AR) of human spermatozoa. Using the human synchronous acrosome reaction system, proteinase inhibitors were tested for their effect on the dbcAMP-induced human sperm acrosome reaction. The proteinase inhibitor 4'-acetamidophenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate (AGB), an inhibitor of proacrosin activation and of acrosin, when added at either the onset of incubation or to capacitated spermatozoa, 5 min prior to stimulation by dbcAMP, significantly (P less than 0.01) inhibited the acrosome reaction at final concentrations of 1 x 10(-4) M to 1 x 10(-6) M in comparison to dbcAMP treatment alone. At concentrations less than 1 x 10(-6) M, no significant inhibitory effect was seen. Similarly, para-aminobenzamidine (pAB), also an inhibitor of proacrosin activation and of acrosin, significantly (P less than 0.01) inhibited the dbcAMP-induced acrosome reaction at final concentrations of 1 x 10(-4) M to 1 x 10(-6) M when added at either the onset of incubation or to capacitated spermatozoa, 5 min prior to stimulation by dbcAMP, in comparison to stimulation by dbcAMP alone. However, at concentrations less than 1 x 10(-6) M, no significant (P greater than 0.05) inhibitory effect was seen. These results indicate that a serine proteinase, most likely acrosin, has a role in the human sperm acrosome reaction and suggest that the enzyme functions after the involvement of the adenylate cyclase system.
O-prenylated 3-carboxycoumarins as a novel class of 15-LOX-1 inhibitors (2017)

Allyloxy, Isopentenyloxy, geranyloxy and farnesyloxy derivatives of 3-carboxycoumarin, at position 5, 6, 7, and 8, were synthesized and their inhibitory potency against human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (human 15-LOX-1) were determined. Among the synthetic coumarins, O-allyl and O-isopentenyl derivatives demonstrated no considerable lipoxygenase inhibition while O-geranyl and O-farnesyl derivatives demonstrated potent inhibitory activity. 5-farnesyloxy-3-carboxycoumarin demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity by IC50 = 0.74 μM while 6-farnesyloxy-3-carboxycoumarin was the weakest inhibitor among farnesyl analogs (IC50 = 10.4 μM). Bonding affinity of the designed molecular structures toward 15-LOX-1 3D structure complexed with RS75091, as potent 15-LOX-1 inhibitor, was studied by utilizing docking analysis. There was a direct relationship between lipoxygenase inhibitory potency and prenyl length chain. The ability of the prenyl portion to fill the lipophilic pocket which is formed by Ile663, Ala404, Arg403, Ile400, Ile173 and Phe167 side chains can explain the observed relationship. Similarity rate between the docked models and complexed form of RS75091, from point of view of configuration and conformation, could explain inhibitory potency variation between each prenyloxy substitution of 3-carboxycoumarins.
Cache-conscious data placement in an in-memory key-value store (2011)

Key-value stores which keep the data entirely in main memory can serve applications whose performance criteria cannot be met by disk-based key-value stores. This paper evaluates the performance implications of cache-conscious data placement in an in-memory key-value store by examining how many values have to be stored consecutively in blocks in order to fully exploit memory locality during bandwidth-bound operations. We contribute by introducing a random block traversal main memory access pattern, by describing the corresponding memory access costs as well as by formally and experimentally deriving the correlation between block size and throughput. Our calculations and experiments vary the value and block sizes as well as their placement in the memory and derive their impact on cache-misses throughout the different memory hierarchies, the ability to prefetch data, and the number of needed CPU cycles to perform a certain set of data operations. The paper closes with the insight that a block-wise grouping of relatively few key-value pairs increases the throughput up to a factor six and with a discussion which implications a block-wise grouping of data has on the system design key-value store.
Toward the development of a universal grading system for ovarian epithelial carcinoma (1998)

The new grading system reported is simple, reproducible (among the current study authors), and useful for all histologic types and clinical stages of IOC. Further testing for reproducibility and clinical utility is recommended.
Demonstration of the UREX Solvent Extraction Process with Dresden Reactor Fuel Solution (2002)

A solvent extraction process to recover uranium and technetium from solutions of irradiated commercial reactor fuel while sending the plutonium to waste with the fission products and higher actinides was tested with actual fuel solution. Demonstration of the uranium extraction (UREX) process at baseline conditions showed that the process meets all goals for recovery and decontamination.
Synchronous Analysis in Wind Turbine Gearbox Condition Monitoring (2012)

This paper summarizes the application of “synchronous sampling” technique in the digital domain to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in detection of wind turbine gear and bearing damage signatures. In this technique, only a once-per-revolution Key Phaser or a low-count Encoder signal is required. High-count synchronous sampling is achieved by resampling in the digital domain. Implementation and demonstration of the aforementioned techniques are illustrated in two current wind turbine field operation examples. The improvement in the accuracy and precision of damage feature extractions is demonstrated.
A Single Droplet‐Printed Double‐Side Universal Soft Electronic Platform for Highly Integrated Stretchable Hybrid Electronics (2017)

Soft features in electronic devices have provided an opportunity of gleaning a wide spectrum of intimate biosignals. Lack of data processing tools in a soft form, however, proclaims the need of bulky wires or low‐performance near‐field communication externally linked to a “rigid” processor board, thus tarnishing the true meaning of “soft” electronics. Furthermore, although of rising interest in stretchable hybrid electronics, lack of consideration in multilayer, miniaturized design and system‐level data computing limits their practical use. The results presented here form the basis of fully printable, system‐level soft electronics for practical data processing and computing with advanced capabilities of universal circuit design and multilayer device integration into a single platform. Single droplet printing‐based integration of rigid islands and core–shell vertical interconnect access (via) into a common soft matrix with a symmetric arrangement leads to a double‐side universal soft electronic platform that features site‐selective, simultaneous double‐side strain isolation, and vertical interconnection, respectively. Systematic studies of island‐morphology engineering, surface‐strain mapping, and electrical analysis of the platform propose optimized designs. Commensurate with the universal layout, a complete example of double‐side integrated, stretchable 1 MHz binary decoders comprised of 36 logic gates interacting with 9 vias is demonstrated by printing‐based, double‐side electronic functionalization.
Case Studies in Psychopharmacology : The Use of Drugs in Psychiatry (1998)

1. Introduction 2. Non-Refractory Schizophrenia 3. Refractory Schizophrenia 4. Clozapine Use in the Elderly 5. Negative Symptoms 6. Drug-Induced Psychosis 7. Rapid Tranquillisation 8. Adherence to Antipsychotic Medication 9. Managing Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics 10. Treatment of Psychosis in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding 11. Treatment of Psychosis in People with Epilepsy 12. Depression with Anxiety Symptoms 13. Panic Disorder 14. Antidepressant Prophylaxis and Discontinuation Symptoms 15. Antidepressant Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug Reactions 16. Refractory Depression 17. Treatment of Depression in People with Epilepsy 18. Antidepressant-Induced Switching in Bipolar Affective Disorder 19. Mania 20. Lithium Prophylaxis, Withdrawal and Use in Pregnancy 21. Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder 22. Bipolar Disorder: Unlicensed Treatments 23. Self-Injurious Behaviour and Learning Disabilities 24. Management of Behavioural Problems
Mine development - access to deposit (2011)

A deposit to be mined by underground methods can be accessed by a number of methods: • Adit • Decline or ramp • Inclined shaft • Vertical shaft. Adits are an economical approach when the orebody is above the general floor elevation i.e. suitable in hilly or mountainous terrain. Incline shafts are limited to relatively shallow deposits, and because they are developed on an incline, development lengths for a given depth are the three to five times longer than for a vertical shaft. Vertical shafts are the preferred method for deposits deeper than 300 m but the development rate is slow and construction costs are very high. Declines or ramps offer early access to shallow deposits, which develops the ore body expediently, but are generally developed at a gradient of approximately 12 per cent. Decline haulages have become an attractive alternative to shaft hoisting, and over recent years the role of decline access has become more widespread throughout South Africa. Traditionally, South Africa has enjoyed the use of shaft systems, largely due to the large knowledge base of mining the Witwatersrand Basin, where vertical and inclined shafts were the norm. South Africa has also had the advantage of cheap electricity, giving shafts a definite economic advantage. However, in recent years the national power utility ESKOM has undergone an expansion programme that has led to tariff increases of nearly 100% over a three-year period. Based on the changes in electricity tariffs and technological improvements to underground haulage trucks, the economic inputs to access development have changed. This paper reviews mine access for shallow deposits as currently applied in South Africa. Based on current economic inputs, the paper investigates at what point a vertical shaft would be more economical than a decline system utilizing typical South African mining equipment. The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Platinum 2012
Ring-opening polymerization of [beta]-substituted-[beta]-propiolactones :: synthesis of biodegradable polymers and stereochemistry study/ (2021)

Biodegradable polymers, for biodegradable plastic utility and drug release biomedical applications, are the primary objectives of this thesis research. We have synthesized poly($\\beta$-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly($\\beta$-malic acid) (PMA) and their copolymers by the ring-opening polymerization reactions of $\\beta$-butyrolactone and $\\beta$-benzyl malolactonate. A varity of catalysts were used, including the stereoregulating catalysts, ethyl aluminoxane (EAO) and the product of the in-situ preparation of Et$\\sb3$Al/H$\\sb2$O, as well as the non-stereoselective catalysts, Et$\\sb2$Zn/H$\\sb2$O and (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato)aluminum chloride (TPPAlCl). The degree of stereoregulation of the homopolymers was enhanced by the use of a stereoregulating catalyst, followed by product extraction. The resulting insoluble fractions of PHB and PBML are stereoregular crystalline polymers having high molecular weights, with the former compared with naturally occurring P( (R) -HB) in corresponding properties. The stereoregularity of the synthetic polymers was determined by $\\sp{13}$C (75.4 MHz) NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR spectroscopy. The yield of polymerization was optimized by using the Et$\\sb2$Zn/H$\\sb2$O and TPPAlCl catalysts, resulting the amorphous polymers with relatively low molecular weights. The analysis of copolymer tacticity and comonomer sequences by using $\\sp{13}$C-NMR and DSC indicates a random distribution of the copolymer sequences. The stereochemical course of the ring-opening polymerization of BL with the Et$\\sb3$Al/H$\\sb2$O and Et$\\sb2$Zn/H$\\sb2$O catalysts was studied using (S) -BL as a stereochemical probe. The (S) -$\\beta$-BL, which was prepared in five steps from naturally occurring P( (R) -HB), had an optical purity in excess of 97% as measured by $\\sp1$H NMR spectroscopy in the presence of a chiral europium shift reagent, Eu(hfc)$\\sb3$. The stereochemical configuration and isomeric purity of the repeating units in the polymers obtained were determined both from their specific optical rotation and by degradation of the polymers to their component methyl $\\beta$-hydroxybutyrate units. From our investigations it was concluded that the ring-opening reaction can be carried out by different routes in the Al- and/or Zn-water catalysts, and the two enantiomers, P((R) -HB) and P((S) -HB) were obtained as the result of the configuration retention or inversion. These enantiomers of PHB are very useful for the study of the stereochemistry of synthetic poly($\\beta$-lactone)s and their biodegradability.
Can Virtual Assistants Produce Recommendations? (2019)

Virtual assistants, also known as intelligent conversational systems such as Google's Virtual Assistant and Apple's Siri, interact with human-like responses to users' queries and finish specific tasks. Meanwhile, existing recommendation technologies model users' evolving, diverse and multi-aspect preferences to generate recommendations in various domains/applications, aiming to improve the citizens' daily life by making suggestions. The repertoire of actions is no longer limited to the one-shot presentation of recommendation lists, which can be insufficient when the goal is to offer decision support for the user, by quickly adapting to his/her preferences through conversations. Such an interactive mechanism is currently missing from recommendation systems. This article sheds light on the gap between virtual assistants and recommendation systems in terms of different technological aspects. In particular, we try to answer the most fundamental research question, which are the missing technological factors to implement a personalized intelligent conversational agent for producing accurate recommendations while taking into account how users behave under different conditions. The goal is, instead of adapting humans to machines, to actually provide users with better recommendation services so that machines will be adapted to humans in daily life.