gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of Immunohistochemical Staining of GP73, GPC3, DCP, CD34, CD31, and Reticulin Staining in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2013)

It has been reported that Golgi protein-73 (GP73), glypican-3 (GPC3), and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) could serve as serum markers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate a panel of immunostaining markers (including GP73, GPC3, DCP, CD34, and CD31) as well as reticulin staining to distinguish HCC from the mimickers. Our results revealed that CD34 immunostaining and reticulin staining were highly sensitive for the diagnosis of HCC. A special immunoreaction pattern of GP73--a diffuse coarse-block pattern in a perinuclear region or a concentrated cluster-like or cord-like pattern in a certain part of the cytoplasm--was observed in HCC cells, in contrast to the cytoplasmic fine-granular pattern in surrounding non-tumor cells and non-malignant nodules. This coarse-block pattern correlated significantly with less differentiated HCC. In comparison, GPC3 displayed a good advantage in diagnosing well-differentiated HCC. In our study, DCP and CD31 showed little diagnostic value for HCC as an immunostaining marker. When GP73, GPC3, and CD34 were combined, the specificity improved to 96.6%. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the immunohistochemical panel of GP73, GPC3, and CD34 as well as reticulin staining is highly specific for the pathological diagnosis of HCC.
cis-regulatory elements involved in ultraviolet light regulation and plant defense. (1990)

An elicitor-regulated transient expression system was established in soybean protoplasts that allowed the identification of cis-regulatory elements involved in plant defense. The 5' region of an ultraviolet (UV) light-inducible and elicitor-inducible chs gene (chs1) of soybean was subjected to deletion analysis with the help of chimeric chs-nptII/gus gene constructs. This analysis delimited the sequences necessary for elicitor inducibility to -175 and -134 of the chs1 promoter. The same soybean sequences were able to direct elicitor inducibility in parsley protoplasts, suggesting a conserved function of cis-acting elements involved in plant defense. In addition, this region of the soybean promoter also promotes UV light inducibility in parsley protoplasts. However, in contrast to the elicitor induction, correct regulation was not observed after UV light induction when sequences downstream of -75 were replaced by a heterologous minimal promoter. This result indicates that at least two cis-acting elements are involved in UV light induction.
Malignant transformation and natural history of oral leukoplakia in 57,518 industrial workers of gujarat, india (1976)

In Gujarat, India, 6718 industrial workers, over 35 years of age, with oral leukoplakia (confirmed clinically and microscopically), were studied. After 2 years, 4762 (71%) of the individuals were re-examined. The buccal mucosa was the most common site of occurrence; 98.3% of these individuals had oral habits, with smoking alone or smoking in combination with "pan" or "supari" chewing accounting for 74.9% of the habit forms. Six individuals (0.13%) with oral leukoplakia developed oral carcinomas within 2 years. This incidence of malignant transformation was equivalent to 63/100,000 per year, which far exceeds that of new oral cancers expected even in high-risk populations. While 57.3% the leukoplakic lesions remained unchanged during a 2-year interval, 31.6% disappeared and 11% had an altered appearance. This study confirmed the precancerous nature of oral leukoplakia.
Response Times: Their Role in Inferring Elementary Mental Organization (1986)

1. Representing Response Times as Random Variables PART I: DETECTION PARADIGMS 2. Simple Reaction Times: Basic Data 3. Decomposition into Decision and Residual Latencies 4. Distributions of Simple Decision Latencies 5. Detection of Signals Presented at Irregular Times PART II: IDENTIFICATION PARADIGMS 6. Two-Choice Reaction Times: Basic Ideas and Data 7. Mixture Models 8. Stochastic Accumulation of Information in Discrete Time 9. Stochastic Accumulation of Information in Continuous Time 10. Absolute Identification of More than Two Signals PART III: MATCHING PARADIGMS 11. Memory, Scanning, Visual Search, and Same-Difference Designs 12. Processing Stages and Strategies
Uplink/Downlink Duality in Multi-Cell MU-MIMO Systems with Hardware Impairments (2016)

In this paper, we propose an uplink/downlink duality framework for multi-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems with residual hardware impairments (HWIs) at the base station and the user terminals. By employing the proposed uplink/downlink duality framework, complex downlink optimization problems can be transformed to equivalent dual uplink problems which are easier to solve. Thereby, for the same total transmit power, the same per-user signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) are achieved in downlink and uplink. We apply the proposed uplink/downlink duality, and derive a multi-cell HWI aware minimum mean square error (MCHWA-MMSE) precoder. Our simulation results show that the proposed MCHWA-MMSE precoder achieves a substantially higher sum rate than conventional MMSE and conjugate beamforming precoders.
<i>RPE65</i>Gene Delivery Restores Isomerohydrolase Activity and Prevents Early Cone Loss in<i>Rpe65<sup>−/−</sup></i>Mice (2006)

RPE65 gene delivery generates isomerohydrolase activity and restores retinoid profile in Rpe65-/- mice. Regeneration of 11-cis retinal is essential for survival of cone photoreceptors.
Initiation of a typical network secondary manhole event (2015)

Manhole events in secondary network systems can evolve in many ways; however, the most common starting point is SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) or butyl rubber cable, typically with a neoprene jacket, which has been aged thermally (as a result of excessive loading) to the point that cracks have formed all the way to the conductor. One of the authors has seen multiple examples of such cable removed from several secondary networks. When such cable is combined with "dirt" and relatively conductive water (often salty water), tracking is likely to form across the insulation and jacket between cracks which expose the conductor in adjacent phases. "Dirt" in the duct helps bridge any gaps between adjacent phases and also holds the conductive water, which extends the time during which dry band tracking occurs between the exposed conductors. At 208 V phase-tophase, a carbonized track will form very readily with one or a few exposures to small amounts of conductive water, and electrical activity will continue until voltage is removed between the phases. Past work and field experience suggest that under such conditions, the jacket and insulation will burn (if sufficient oxygen is present) or pyrolyze (if not), with decomposition of the polymeric insulation and jacket moving down the cable in the direction of air flow in the duct at a speed in the range of 1 mm/ second [1].
The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade) Sensitizes Some Human Tumor Cells to Apo2L/TRAIL‐Mediated Apoptosis (2005)

On testing a panel of different human cancer cell lines, we observed that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib could dramatically sensitize some lines to the apoptotic effects of Apo2L/TRAIL. Certain renal, colon, or breast tumor cell lines were dramatically sensitized, whereas other tumor lines from the same tissue of origin remained resistant. This sensitization did not correlate with either the p53 status of the individual tumor cell lines or their intrinsic sensitivity to Apo2L/TRAIL. Colon cancer cell lines lacking p53 or Bax were sensitized by bortezomib, suggesting that neither p53 nor Bax levels were crucial for sensitization. Although the molecular basis of bortezomib sensitization of tumor cells to Apo2L/TRAIL remains to be determined, this combination can have an enhanced apoptotic effect over either agent alone for certain human cancer cells.
Stable Scaffolds for Reacting Si Nanowires with Further Organic Functionalities while Preserving Si−C Passivation of Surface Sites (2008)

We report on Si NWs modified by covalent scaffolds, via SiC bonds, that give nearly full coverage of the Si atop sites and, at the same time, provide a route for subsequent functionalization. The obtained CH(3)CHCHSi NWs exhibit superior oxidation resistance over Si NWs that are modified with CH(3) or CH(3)CC functionalities, which give nearly full coverage of the Si atop site too.
Rapid Decline in Body Temperature Before Sleep: Fluffing the Physiological Pillow? (1994)

A novel approach to the analysis of body core temperature was employed in an effort to further clarify the temporal relationship between the nightly decline in body temperature and the timing of the onset of nocturnal sleep. Core body temperature and EEG sleep recordings were obtained from 10 healthy elderly subjects while they lived in the laboratory and self-selected bedtimes and wake-up times. A rate-of-change curve was then generated for each temperature data set, showing the relative magnitude by which body core temperature declined (or increased) from minute to minute across the recording period. The time at which the maximum rate of decline (MROD) occurred was determined, and this time was compared with subjects' self-selected bedtimes and with subsequent EEG-defined sleep onsets. Eight of the 10 subjects' body temperature curves showed a maximum rate of decline well before (mean 41 min) the decision was made to retire. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of wakefulness within the first hour after initial sleep onset and MROD relative to both bedtime and sleep onset (rs = 0.70; p < 0.04). That is, the closer MROD occurred to either bedtime or sleep onset, the less wakefulness there was within the first hour after sleep onset. The findings indicate that the process of sleep initiation is most likely to occur when body temperature is declining at its maximum rate and is most successfully accomplished at this phase of the temperature cycle.
Performance Optimization in Cloud Computing Environment (2012)

Performance optimization of Cloud Computing Environment is about making the components in the cloud to meet the component level requirements and customer expectations. It is aimed at increasing the performance of a cloud service at a minimum cost depending on various constraints. Performance optimization looks at improving the performance of various factors like • Disk performance • Throughput • Response to customer's queries • High availability • Scalability • Instance on-boarding • Network bandwidth • Metering and billing process • Monitoring and Capacity • General Tuning Guidelines This paper discusses the optimization in each of the above areas, in addition to the discussion on other factors.
Cerebral Blood Flow, Blood Volume, and Oxygen Metabolism Dynamics in Human Visual and Motor Cortex as Measured by Whole-Brain Multi-Modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2009)

The development of neuroimaging methods to characterize flow-metabolism coupling is crucial for understanding mechanisms that subserve oxygen delivery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast reflects composite changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO(2)). However, it is difficult to separate these parameters from the composite BOLD signal, thereby hampering MR-based flow-metabolism coupling studies. Here, a novel, noninvasive CBV-weighted MRI approach (VASO-FLAIR with 3D GRASE (GRadient-And-Spin-Echo)) is used in conjunction with CBF-weighted and BOLD fMRI in healthy volunteers (n=7) performing simultaneous visual (8 Hz flashing-checkerboard) and motor (1 Hz unilateral joystick) tasks. This approach allows for CBV, CBF, and CMRO(2) to be estimated, yielding (mean+/-s.d.): DeltaCBF=63%+/-12%, DeltaCBV=17%+/-7%, and DeltaCMRO(2)=13%+/-11% in the visual cortex, and DeltaCBF=46%+/-11%, DeltaCBV=8%+/-3%, and DeltaCMRO(2)=12%+/-13% in the motor cortex. Following the visual and motor tasks, the BOLD signal became more negative (P=0.003) and persisted longer (P=0.006) in the visual cortex compared with the motor cortex, whereas CBV and CBF returned to baseline earlier and equivalently. The proposed whole-brain technique should be useful for assessing regional discrepancies in hemodynamic reactivity without the use of intravascular contrast agents.
Promotion of Remyelination by Sulfasalazine in a Transgenic Zebrafish Model of Demyelination (2015)

Most of the axons in the vertebrate nervous system are surrounded by a lipid-rich membrane called myelin, which promotes rapid conduction of nerve impulses and protects the axon from being damaged. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS characterized by infiltration of immune cells and progressive damage to myelin and axons. One potential way to treat MS is to enhance the endogenous remyelination process, but at present there are no available treatments to promote remyelination in patients with demyelinating diseases. Sulfasalazine is an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating drug that is used in rheumatology and inflammatory bowel disease. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties prompted us to test the ability of sulfasalazine to promote remyelination. In this study, we found that sulfasalazine promotes remyelination in the CNS of a transgenic zebrafish model of NTR/MTZ-induced demyelination. We also found that sulfasalazine treatment reduced the number of macrophages/microglia in the CNS of demyelinated zebrafish larvae, suggesting that the acceleration of remyelination is mediated by the immunomodulatory function of sulfasalazine. Our data suggest that temporal modulation of the immune response by sulfasalazine can be used to overcome MS by enhancing myelin repair and remyelination in the CNS.
Bacterial Biofilm and Dentistry (2001)

Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature. Recent studies have demonstrated many unique qualities previously unknown to bacteria and have yielded new insights into relevant dental issues.
Exploiting nanotechnology to target cancer (2007)

Nanotechnology is increasingly finding use in the management of cancer. Nanoscale devices have impacted cancer biology at three levels: early detection using, for example, nanocantilevers or nanoparticles; tumour imaging using radiocontrast nanoparticles or quantum dots; and drug delivery using nanovectors and hybrid nanoparticles. This review addresses some of the major milestones in the integration of nanotechnology and cancer biology, and the future of nanoscale approaches for cancer management.
Dopamine D1 receptor modulates the voltage‐gated sodium current in rat striatal neurones through a protein kinase A. (1995)

1. Whole-cell recordings were made from striatal neurones obtained from neonatal rats and maintained in primary cultures. The effects of dopamine D1 receptor activation were studied on the voltage-gated sodium current. 2. Bath application of a specific D1 agonist, SKF38393 (1 microM), reduced the neuronal excitability recorded in current-clamp by increasing the threshold for generation of action potentials. 3. In voltage-clamp recordings, SKF38393 (1 microM) reversibly reduced the peak amplitude of the sodium current by 37.8 +/- 4.95%. This effect was reversed by the D1 antagonist SCH23390 and was blocked by the intracellular loading of GDP-beta-S (2 mM) suggesting GTP-binding protein involvement. 4. The D1 agonist reduced the peak amplitude of the sodium current without significantly affecting (i) the voltage dependence of the current-voltage relationship, (ii) the voltage dependence of the steady-state activation and inactivation, (iii) the kinetics of the time-dependent inactivation, and (iv) the kinetics of recovery from inactivation. 5. The peak amplitude of the sodium current was progressively reduced by intracellular loading of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (100 U ml-1). 6. Diffusion of a specific peptide inhibitor of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKI; 10 microM) into the cytosol of neurones blocked the effect of the D1 agonist on the sodium current amplitude. 7. These results demonstrate that dopamine acting at the D1 receptor reduces the amplitude of the sodium current without modifying its voltage- and time-dependent properties. This effect involves activation of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and results in a depression of the striatal neuronal excitability by increasing the threshold for generation of action potentials.
Autophagosomes in GFP-LC3 Transgenic Mice (2008)

Recent studies of the molecular mechanism of autophagy have made available several marker proteins for autophagosomes. These marker proteins allow us to identify autophagic structures easily and accurately by fluorescent microscopy. The most widely used marker for autophagosome is LC3, a mammalian homolog of Atg8. To analyze autophagy in whole animals, we generated GFP-LC3 transgenic mice and describe here how we determine the occurrence of autophagy in vivo using this mouse model.
Solid-State 13C and 1H NMR Analyses of Hydrogen Bonding and the Conformation of Poly(vinyl alcohol) (FUNDAMENTAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES-Molecular Motion Analysis) (1998)

CP/MAS 13C NMR analyses have been made for different frozen solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) samples with different tacticities. The CH resonance lines of the frozen PVA solutions split in different ways significantly depending on the tacticities and the solvents. These CH resonance lines are well resolved into 9 constituent lines whose chemical shifts are estimated by assuming the downfield shifts due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and the upfield shifts induced by the g-gauche effect. Furthermore, the relative intensities of the lines for atactic PVA samples are successfully interpreted by the statistical treatment assuming the statistical formation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond and the random distribution of the trans and gauche conformations. Separate 1H CRAMPS analyses have also revealed the existence of the OH groups free from hydrogen bonding together with hydrogen-bonded OH groups in PVA films.
A Portrait of Hedge Fund Investors: Flows, Performance and Smart Money (2005)

We explore the flow-performance interrelation by explicitly separating the investment and divestment decisions of hedge fund investors. The results show that different determinants and evaluation horizons underlie both decisions. While money inflows are sensitive to past long-run performance, outflows exhibit an immediate and sustained response to past performance in the short run. As a consequence, the shape of the flow-performance relation differs depending on the time horizon being analyzed. We find a weaker flow-performance relation for winning funds at quarterly horizons compared to annual horizons, which may explain why quarterly persistence in hedge fund performance is not competed away. Indeed, we also find evidence that most investors are unable to exploit the persistence of the winners. Conversely, investors are fast and successful in deallocating from the persistent losers, ensuring a disciplining mechanism for lowquality funds. Further, our findings do not support the existence of smart money.
RNA Interference Directed against Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Efficiently Suppresses Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Human Cells (2004)

We established small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) that effectively reduces the expression of PARP-1 in two human cell lines. Established siRNA against PARP-1 significantly suppressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication, as well as the activation of the integrated HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. These results indicate that PARP-1 is required for efficient HIV-1 replication in human cells. We propose that PARP-1 may serve as a cellular target for RNA interference-mediated gene silencing to inhibit HIV-1 replication.
An Embedded Silicon-Carbon S/D Stressor CMOS Integration on SOI with Enhanced Carbon Incorporation by Laser Spike Annealing (2007)

We report a CMOS-compatible embedded silicon-carbon (eSiC) source/drain stressor technology with NMOS performance enhancement. The integration includes up to 2.6% substitutional carbon (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</inf> ) epitaxial Si:C and laser spike annealing (LSA) for increased C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</inf> incorporation. 26% channel resistance (Rch) reduction and 11% Idlin-Ioff enhancement for 0.5% C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</inf> and 60% Rch reduction for 2.2% C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</inf> are demonstrated.
An accurate 3-D model for magnetic stimulation of the brain cortex (1995)

We present a 3-D model for the simulation of a realistic clinical situation during magnetic stimulation. The electromagnetic problem is solved by reconstructing the inhomogeneous head tissues from magnetic resonance images and associating relative values of conductivity to each tissue. Application of Maxwell's equations in the integral form leads to an equivalent 3-D electrical network, whose solution gives the current density distribution in the brain. The high spatial resolution and rigorous electromagnetic approach make this model an accurate and useful tool for stimulator design and for estimating the efficiency and safety of this clinical methodology.
Magnetomechanical characteristics of a terbium–holmium–iron alloy (1976)

The magnetostrain, permeability, magnetostrictive constant, and elastic compliance constant of the alloy Tb0.145Ho0.855Fe2 have been measured as a function of magnetic bias. The magnetomechanical coupling constant and maximum power output calculated as a function of bias field are significantly higher than published values for nickel. The dynamic strain under power drive is as large as that of a commonly used ceramic at maximum drive. These findings support the conclusion that this ternary rare earth-iron alloy can compete with nickel or ceramics as a sound projector material. Subject Classification: [43]85.46; [43]30.85.
Embryonic kidney rudiments grown in adult mice fail to mimic the Wilms' phenotype, but show strain-specific morphogenesis. (1994)

12.5- to 14.5-day mouse embryonic kidney fragments were grown syngeneically under kidney or testis capsules in 3 mouse strains for 5-26 weeks to reproduce the Wilms' tumour (WT) phenotype previously reported. About 65% of the transplants grew, but none showed true WT morphology, invaded local tissue or developed metastases. In Swiss mice, most growths contained disorganized stromal and blast cells, but also had more mature structures. CBA growths had cysts, differentiated nephrons and glomeruli, while 129/SV growths gave both types of morphology. In situ mRNA hybridization using the Wilms' tumour predisposition gene (WT1) showed that, unlike the initial rudiments and WT, expression was limited to the glomeruli. The unexpected absence of expression by the apparent blast cells in the growths implies that the system is not a model for WT.