gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetik der Biogasproduktion aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und Gülle (2007)

Die anaerobe Vergärung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und Gülle zur Biogasproduktion als regenerative Energiequelle erfährt seit einigen Jahren einen erheblichen Boom. Dabei werden in Deutschland in der Regel Nassvergärungs-Biogasanlagen betrieben, in denen kontinuierlich Energiepflanzen und Rinder- oder Schweinegülle gemeinsam eingesetzt werden (Kovergärung). Aber auch die alleinige Nassvergärung von Energiepflanzen ohne Gülle (Monovergärung) ist möglich. Häufig fehlen jedoch belastbare Daten zur Auslegung der Biogasanlage und für die Früherkennung kritischer Belastungszustände. Im vorliegenden Projekt sollen Kenntnisse über die Kinetik der Biogasbildung aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen in Laborversuchen unter praxisrelevanten Prozessbedingungen gewonnen werden. Über diskontinuierliche Batch-Gärtests lassen sich Biogas- und Methanausbeuten unterschiedlicher Substrate auf einfache Weise ermitteln. Bei einheitlichen Laborbedingungen ist damit eine gute Vergleichbarkeit gegeben. Kontinuierliche Belastungssteigerungsversuche sind hingegen nur als Langzeitversuche möglich. Sie geben jedoch zusätzlich Auskunft über den Einfluß der täglichen Belastung des Biogasreaktors mit organischer Substanz und erlauben mit Einschränkungen Aussagen über die optimale Betriebsweise. Die Versuche wurden mit Mais, Rüben und Roggen in Form von Silage als Mono- und Kosubstrat in der Mischung mit Rinder- und Schweinegülle bei meso- und thermophilen Temperaturstufen durchgeführt. Die Versuchsergebnisse konnten ein neu hergeleitetes kinetisches Modell weitgehend bestätigen, das den Zusammenhang zwischen Biogasausbeute und Raumbelastung in Abhängigkeit von den substrat- und prozessspezifischen Parametern wie maximal mögliche Biogasausbeute, Zulaufkonzentration, Dichte des Biogases und des Ablaufes sowie Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante aufzeigt. Dies kann damit Betreibern von Biogasanlagen als Richtlinie für eine stabile Prozessführung mit hoher energetischer Effizienz dienen.
Rank conditioned rank selection filters for signal restoration (1994)

A class of nonlinear filters called rank conditioned rank selection (RCRS) filters is developed and analyzed in this paper. The RCRS filters are developed within the general framework of rank selection (RS) filters, which are filters constrained to output an order statistic from the observation set. Many previously proposed rank order based filters can be formulated as RS filters. The only difference between such filters is in the information used in deciding which order statistic to output. The information used by RCRS filters is the ranks of selected input samples, hence the name rank conditioned rank selection filters. The number of input sample ranks used is referred to as the order of the RCRS filter. The order can range from zero to the number of samples in the observation window, giving the filters valuable flexibility. Low-order filters can give good performance and are relatively simple to optimize and implement. If improved performance is demanded, the order can be increased but at the expense of filter simplicity. In this paper, many statistical and deterministic properties of the RCRS filters are presented. A procedure for optimizing over the class of RCRS filters is also presented. Finally, extensive computer simulation results that illustrate the performance of RCRS filters in comparison with other techniques in image restoration applications are presented.
Beneficial effects of N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine following ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart (1998)

These results provide evidence that TMS is a potent and effective cardioprotective agent that inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and preserves cardiac contractile function and coronary perfusion following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
High Expression of Ecto-Nucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in Human Endometrial Tumors (2014)

One of the strategies used by tumors to evade immunosurveillance is the accumulation of extracellular adenosine, which has immunosupressive and tumor promoting effects. The study of the mechanisms leading to adenosine formation at the tumor interstitium are therefore of great interest in oncology. The dominant pathway generating extracellular adenosine in tumors is the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases. Two of these enzymes acting sequentially, CD39 and CD73, efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine. They have been found to play a crucial role in a variety of tumors, but there were no data concerning endometrial cancer, the most frequent of the invasive tumors of the female genital tract. The aim of the present work is to study the expression of CD39 and CD73 in human endometrial cancer. We have analyzed protein and gene expression, as well as enzyme activity, in type I endometrioid adenocarcinomas and type II serous adenocarcinomas and their nonpathological endometrial counterparts. High levels of both enzymes were found in tumor samples, with significantly increased expression of CD39 in type II serous tumors, which also coincided with the higher tumor grade. Our results reinforce the involvement of the adenosinergic system in cancer, emphasizing the relevance of ecto-nucleotidases as emerging therapeutic targets in oncology.
An <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> mutant defective in chloroplast dicarboxylate transport (1983)

Reactions of the photorespiratory pathway of C(3) plants are found in three subcellular organelles. Transport processes are, therefore, particularly important for maintaining the uninterrupted flow of carbon through this pathway. We describe here the isolation and characterization of a photorespiratory mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana defective in chloroplast dicarboxylate transport. Genetic analysis indicates the defect is due to a simple, recessive, nuclear mutation. Glutamine and inorganic phosphate transport are unaffected by the mutation. Thus, in contrast to previous reports for pea and spinach, glutamine uptake by Arabidopsis chloroplasts is mediated by a transporter distinct from the dicarboxylate transporter. Both the inviability and the disruption of amino-group metabolism of the mutant under photorespiratory conditions suggest that the primary function of the dicarboxylate transporter in vivo is the transfer of 2-oxoglutarate and glutamate across the chloroplast envelope in conjunction with photorespiratory nitrogen metabolism. The role commonly ascribed to this transporter, conducting malate-aspartate exchanges for the indirect export of reducing equivalents from the chloroplast, appears to be a minor one.
Use of Semiconductor-Based Oligonucleotide Microarrays for Influenza A Virus Subtype Identification and Sequencing (2006)

In the face of concerns over an influenza pandemic, identification of virulent influenza A virus isolates must be obtained quickly for effective responses. Rapid subtype identification, however, is difficult even in well-equipped virology laboratories or is unobtainable in the field under more austere conditions. Here we describe a genome assay and microarray design that can be used to rapidly identify influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtypes 1 through 15 and neuraminidase subtypes 1 through 9. Also described is an array-based enzymatic assay that can be used to sequence portions of both genes or any other sequence of interest.
All Four Members of the Ten-m/Odz Family of Transmembrane Proteins Form Dimers (2002)

Ten-m/Odz/teneurins are a new family of four distinct type II transmembrane molecules. Their extracellular domains are composed of an array of eight consecutive EGF modules followed by a large globular domain. Two of the eight modules contain only 5 instead of the typical 6 cysteine residues and have the capability to dimerize in a covalent, disulfide-linked fashion. The structural properties of the extracellular domains of all four mouse Ten-m proteins have been analyzed using secreted, recombinant molecules produced by mammalian HEK-293 cells. Electron microscopic analysis supported by analytical ultracentrifugation data revealed that the recombinant extracellular domains of all Ten-m proteins formed homodimers. SDS-PAGE analysis under nonreducing conditions as well as negative staining after partial denaturation of the molecules indicated that the globular COOH-terminal domains of Ten-m1 and -m4 contained subdomains with a pronounced stability against denaturing agents, especially when compared with the homologous domains of Ten-m2 and -m3. Cotransfection experiments of mammalian cells with two different extracellular domains revealed that Ten-m molecules have also the ability to form heterodimers, a property that, combined with alternative splicing events, allows the formation of a multitude of molecules with different characteristics from a limited set of genes.
Studies on the Biology of the Periodontium of Marmosets: VIII. The Effect of Folic Acid Deficiency on the Marmoset Oral Mucosa (1970)

Marmoset oral mucosa has been shown to be extremely sensitive to folic acid deficiency induced experimentally by dietary and dietochemical means. Histologically, the most prominent deficiency-related changes were an interference with the maturation of the epithelial cells, impairment of keratinization, and an increased susceptibility to ulceration and secondary infection.
Naphthyridine chemistry. IX. Bromination and animation of the 1,X-naphthyridines (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNaphthyridine chemistry. IX. Bromination and animation of the 1,X-naphthyridinesWilliam W. Paudler and Thomas J. KressCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 4, 1384–1387Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01268a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01268a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views859Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis of 2-chloroethyl sulfides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis of 2-chloroethyl sulfidesYu Chu Yang, Linda L. Szafraniec, William T. Beaudry, and J. Richard WardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 14, 3293–3297Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00249a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00249a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views743Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repair of DNA Containing Interstrand Crosslinks in <i>Escherichia coli:</i> Sequential Excision and Recombination (1973)

The repair of DNA containing interstrand crosslinks induced by psoralen-plus-light in E. coli cells has been investigated. During a 30-minute incubation after psoralen-plus-light treatment, crosslinks were excised and the cellular DNA was cut into discrete pieces. The molecular weight of these pieces corresponds to about twice the single-strand distance between crosslinks, as measured by sedimentation velocity in alkaline sucrose. During further incubation, these DNA fragments were covalently joined into high molecular weight DNA. This joining did not occur in cells carrying a mutation at recA; in these strains the DNA was further degraded to smaller polynucleotides and acid-soluble material. The possibility that repair of crosslinked DNA involves strand exchanges between homologous duplexes was investigated. Cells were grown in (13)C,(15)N-containing medium for several generations, then switched to medium of normal density that also contained [(3)H]thymidine for about 0.5 generation. After the crosslinking treatment, the cells were incubated in medium of normal density in order for repair to occur. The DNA was extracted and centrifuged in alkaline CsCl density gradients, where the light and heavy strands were separated. Molecules of intermediate density that contained (3)H accumulated during repair in wild-type cells, but not in control cells or treated recA(-) cells. After molecular weight reduction of the intermediate-density DNA, the (3)H could be separated from the heavy strands, demonstrating that covalent joining between heavy and light strands of homologous duplexes accompanies repair. A mechanism involving sequential excision and genetic recombination is proposed for the repair of DNA containing interstrand crosslinks.
A divergent genotype of hepatitis E virus in Chinese patients with acute hepatitis. (1999)

Recent studies have reported and provided nucleotide sequence data from divergent isolates of hepatitis E virus (HEV), including isolates from North America and Africa. Sera were investigated from 29 Chinese patients with a diagnosis of acute hepatitis and who were negative for hepatitis viruses A-E by serology (HEV was excluded by testing for IgG antibody only). To determine whether some patients were infected with HEV but had yet to seroconvert to antibody positivity, RT-PCR was carried out with primers designed within conserved sequences of the HEV open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 regions. Fifteen patients were found to harbour sequences related to HEV. Analysis of the HEV products revealed that nucleotide sequences from nine of the sera closely matched Burmese-like HEV sequences (more than 92% nucleotide identity across ORF1 and 88% in ORF2). The remaining six HEV isolates were similar to each other but divergent from all other known HEV sequences (74 to 83% nucleotide identity in ORF1 or ORF2). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the six divergent isolates represent a fourth genotype of HEV, distinct from the previously described Burmese, Mexican and United States variants (genotypes 1, 2 and 3). This novel variant, referred to here as the Chinese genotype (genotype 4), may be responsible for a significant proportion of cases of acute hepatitis in China, as seen by the fact that 40% of the HEV-infected patients in this study were genotype 4 positive.
Association of Age and Body Weight with Periodontal Disease in North American Dogs (1994)

Thirteen hundred and fifty dogs were examined under anesthesia at veterinary hospitals in the USA and Canada. Periodontal health was recorded in detail. Teeth were frequently absent (particularly lower third molar, upper and lower first premolars, and incisor teeth). Calculus was most extensive on the upper fourth premolar and molar teeth. Missing teeth, mobility of remaining teeth, extent of calculus and gingival inflammation, and furcation exposure and attachment loss all were more common in small dogs compared with larger dogs, and in order dogs compared with younger dogs.
Interaction of azthreonam and related monobactams with beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria (1982)

Monobactams containing 3 beta-aminothiazolyl oxime side chains (SQ 81,377, SQ 81,402, azthreonam, and SQ 26,917) have poor affinities for the broad-spectrum beta-lactamases TEM-2 and K1. Addition of a 4-methyl substituent significantly increased stability to hydrolysis by these enzymes. P99 cephalosporinase from Enterobacter cloacae was strongly inhibited by the monobactams. Interaction of azthreonam with the P99 enzyme in equimolar concentrations resulted in a single covalent complex which retained less than 3% catalytic activity. On incubation, enzymatic activity was slowly regained. Chromatographic studies of the incubation mixtures revealed the presence of a single ring-opened product. It is concluded that monobactams act as poor substrates for broad-spectrum beta-lactamases and tight-binding competitive substrates for the P99 beta-lactamase.
THE EFFICIENCY OF LINEAR SHAPED CHARGES (2014)

Original scientific paper The efficiency of a linear shaped charge is estimated based on the penetration depth in a target material. Taking into consideration a significant number of parameters that affect the penetration depth, the optimization of the linear shaped charge parameters is a complex process. The effect of a certain parameter can be determined experimentally or predicted theoretically by using hydrodynamic computer programmes that simulate the formation of jet and penetration process of the linear shaped charges. The computer simulation can predict the jet velocity and penetration depth with certain accuracy. Therefore, field measurements are essential for the validation of computer simulation. This paper presents experimental determination of the effect of a mass of explosive, liner material and standoff distance on the penetration depth of the linear shaped charges. The relation between the penetration depth and various factors is established, as well as the relation between the various factors in the case of the maximum penetration depth.
Characterization and Optimization of Memory-Resident MapReduce on HPC Systems (2014)

MapReduce is a widely accepted framework for addressing big data challenges. Recently, it has also gained broad attention from scientists at the U.S. leadership computing facilities as a promising solution to process gigantic simulation results. However, conventional high-end computing systems are constructed based on the compute-centric paradigm while big data analytics applications prefer a data-centric paradigm such as MapReduce. This work characterizes the performance impact of key differences between compute- and data-centric paradigms and then provides optimizations to enable a dual-purpose HPC system that can efficiently support conventional HPC applications and new data analytics applications. Using a state-of-the-art MapReduce implementation Spark and the Hyperion system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we have examined the impact of storage architectures, data locality and task scheduling to the memory-resident MapReduce jobs. Based on our characterization and findings of the performance behaviors, we have introduced two optimization techniques, namely Enhanced Load Balancer and Congestion-Aware Task Dispatching, to improve the performance of Spark applications.
Efficient adenoviral gene transfer to early venous bypass grafts: comparison with native vessels (1997)

Although vascular injury in early venous bypass grafts reduces gene transfer efficacy, significant transgene expression is maintained for at least 7 days. These findings have important implications for intraoperative gene transfer strategies in vein grafts.
Menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis: overexpression, purification, and properties of o-succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme A synthetase from Escherichia coli (1996)

The coenzyme A (CoA)- and ATP-dependent conversion of o-succinylbenzoic acid [OSB; 4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyric acid], to o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA is carried out by the enzyme o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA synthetase. o-Succinylbenzoyl-CoA is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of menaquinone (vitamin K2) in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The enzyme has been overexpressed and purified to homogeneity. The purified enzyme was found to have a native molecular mass of 185 kDa as determined by gel filtration column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis established a subunit molecular mass of 49 kDa. Thus, the enzyme is a homotetramer. The enzyme showed a pH optimum of 7.5 to 8.0 and a temperature optimum of 30 to 40 degrees C. The Km values for OSB, ATP, and CoA were 16, 73.5, and 360 microM, respectively. Of the various metal ions tested, Mg2+ was found to be the most effective in stimulating the enzyme activity. Studies with substrate analogs showed that neither benzoic acid nor benzoylpropionic acid (succinylbenzene) is a substrate for the enzyme. Thus, it appears that both the benzoyl carboxyl group and the succinyl side chain are required for activation of the aliphatic carboxyl group.
Oxytocin Activates the Inositol-Phospholipid-Protein Kinase-C System and Stimulates Prostaglandin Production in Human Amnion Cells* (1988)

It has been postulated that fetal hormonal signals act upon amnion to trigger labor via prostaglandin (PG) production. Human amnion epithelial cell cultures were established to test the effects of potential activators of the inositol phospholipid-protein kinase-C effector system on intracellular inositol phosphate turnover, intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i), and PGE2 production. Oxytocin provoked 3-, 2.5-, and 4-fold increases in inositol triphosphate, inositol bisphosphate, and inositol monophosphate, respectively. [Ca2+]i, measured with the fluorescent dye fura-2, was stimulated by oxytocin and vasopressin (oxytocin > vasopressin) in a dose-dependent manner. The [Ca2+]i transient produced by oxytocin reached a peak in 15 sec, followed by a slow return to baseline over 10 min. Preincubation with phorbol 12-myristate-13 acetate (PMA) markedly blunted the oxytocin-induced transient. No [Ca2+]itransient was seen with leukotrienes, PG, serotonin, angiotensin, or α- or β-adrenergic agents. PGE2 production increased 30- to 50-fold with phospholipase-C and PMA, and 10-fold with the calcium ionophore A23187. Oxytocin and vasopressin produced 10- and 3-fold PGE2 increases, respectively. Increased PGE2 production induced by PMA, oxytocin, and A23187 was first seen after 8 hr of incubation and reached maximal levels at 24 h. Minimal PGE2 stimulation occurred with agents that produced no [Ca2+]i transient. Direct activators of the inositol phospholipid-protein kinase-C system in human amnion induce large increases in PGE2 in human amnion cells. Oxytocin and vasopressin are hormonal activators of this system in these cells, as demonstrated by their effects on inositol phosphate turnover and [Ca2+]i. These hormones also increase PGE2 production and may influence labor by stimulating PGE2 production in amnion through the inositol phospholipid-protein kinase-C system. (Endocrinology123: 1771–1777, 1988)