gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Contained in Minimal Volume Microcapsules in Diabetic High Mammalians (1999)

To minimize technical problems relating to excessive size (600-800 mu in diameter) of standard alginate microcapsules (CSM) for pancreatic islet graft immunoisolation, we have developed two novel minimal volume, chemically identical, capsule prototypes (MVC): 1) coherent microcapsules (CM), and 2) medium-size microcapsules (300-400 mu, MSM). CM, which envelop each individual islet within a thin alginate hydrogel cast, are prepared by emulsification, whereas MSM are made by atomizing the islet-alginate suspension through a special microdroplet generator. Upon graft into diabetic rodents, CM have shown to immunoprotect both allo- and xenogeneic nondiscordant islets, and restored normoglycemia. In higher mammals, at subtherapeutic doses, CM fully immunoprotected islet allografts (pig-->pig), but only temporarily xenografts (dog-->pig). We then used MSM to immunoisolate canine islet allografts in the peritoneal cavity of dogs with spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes. Of three grafted dogs, two showed full remission of hyperglycemia with insulin withdrawal. MSM could represent an intermediate solution between CSM and CM for peritoneal immunoisolated islet transplants.
On the Latency of Multipath-QUIC in Real-time Applications (2020)

Recently, the ubiquity of broadband wireless networks has encouraged the growth of real-time network applications. Their strict latency requirements present a challenge for traditional Internet protocols which tend to be designed to optimize mean performance. Two recent developments that show promise for addressing the challenges of real-time applications are QUIC, a UDP-based protocol that has many features of TCP, and multipath transmission, an extension allowing transport layer protocols to transmit data simultaneously over multiple network paths and interfaces. In this paper, we present MAppLE (MPQUIC Application Latency Evaluation platform), which provides the instrumentation needed to evaluate and develop MPQUIC stream multiplexers, stream schedulers, and multipath packet schedulers. We also present our NineTails scheduler, a multipath MPQUIC scheduler that utilizes selective multipath redundancy to control tail loss and near-tail loss latencies. Our experimental results show that in a lossy asymmetric heterogeneous wireless network, our proposed scheduler reduces outlier latencies compared to other existing scheduling algorithms, and improves Quality of Experience (QoE) in video streaming by inducing fewer playback rebuffering events.
Angiotensin II Induces Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Collagen I Expression via Transforming Growth Factor–β–Dependent and –Independent Smad Pathways (2009)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role in angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated hypertensive nephropathy. The present study investigated the mechanisms and specific roles of individual Smads in Ang II-induced CTGF and collagen I expression in tubular epithelial cells with deletion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, overexpression of Smad7, or knockdown of Smad2 or Smad3. We found that Ang II-induced tubular CTGF and collagen I mRNA and protein expressions were regulated positively by phosphorylated Smad2/3 but negatively by Smad7 because overexpression of Smad7-abolished Ang II-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and upregulation of CTGF and collagen I in vitro and in a rat model of remnant kidney disease. Additional studies revealed that, in addition to a late (24-hour) TGF-beta-dependent Smad2/3 activation, Ang II also induced a rapid activation of Smad2/3 at 15 minutes and expression of CTGF and collagen I in tubular epithelial cells lacking the TGF-beta gene, which was blocked by the addition of an Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist (losartan) and inhibitors to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (PD98059) and p38 (SB203580) but not by inhibitors to Ang II type 2 receptor (PD123319) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SP600125), demonstrating a TGF-beta-independent, Ang II type 1 receptor-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cross-talk pathway in Ang II-mediated CTGF and collagen I expression. Importantly, the ability of knockdown of Smad3, but not Smad2, to inhibit Ang II-induced CTGF and collagen I expression further revealed an essential role for Smad3 in Ang II-mediated renal fibrosis. In conclusion, Ang II induces tubular CTGF expression and renal fibrosis via the TGF-beta-dependent and -independent Smad3 signaling pathways, suggesting that targeting Smad3 may have therapeutic potential for hypertensive nephropathy.
Machine Learning Approach for Contamination Source Identification in Water Distribution Systems (2012)

Contamination source identification involves the characterization of the contamination event attributes using threat observations such as sensor network measurements. The defining attributes of a contamination event may include contaminant type, site(s) of contaminant intrusion, contaminant amount, the time of day the contamination event is initiated, and the intrusion duration. Accurate and prompt determination of these attributes is central to validity of impact assessments conducted and effectiveness of response strategies taken. Focusing on high accuracy, past efforts have successfully applied optimization and back-tracking approaches to deal with this critical task. However, these techniques are typically computationally burdensome and thus not acceptably fast, specifically when they are applied to realistically large water distribution networks. This ongoing study accordingly investigates performance of machine learning tools for real-time source identification. In contrast to traditional approaches that perform whole analysis after a contamination event occurs, machine learning methods gain system knowledge in advance and use this extracted information to identify contamination attributes after an incident occurs.
Rapid Cyanide Detection Using the Cyantesmo® Kit (2004)

The Cyantesmo test strips accurately and rapidly detected, in a semi-quantifiable manner, concentrations of CN greater than 1 microg/mL contained in each test sample. Future work to validate this test in blood and in clinical specimens is planned.
Z-DNA-binding proteins can act as potent effectors of gene expression <i>in</i> <i>viv</i> o (2002)

The role of Z-DNA-binding proteins in vivo is explored in yeast. A conformation-specific yeast one-hybrid system is made in which formation of Z-DNA is studied near a minimal promoter site where it can be stabilized by negative supercoiling in addition to protein binding. Experiments were carried out with a Z-DNA-binding protein domain from the editing enzyme, double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase 1. In the one-hybrid system, the reporter gene is activated when a Z-DNA-specific binding domain is fused with an activation domain and expressed in vivo. Significantly, it was found that even in the absence of the activation domain there is substantial transcription of the reporter gene if the Z-DNA-binding protein is expressed in the cell. This result suggests that Z-DNA formation in the promoter region induced or stabilized by a Z-DNA-binding protein can act as a cis-element in gene regulation. Related results have been found recently when the human chromatin-remodeling system converts a segment of DNA in the promoter region of the human colony-stimulating factor 1 gene into the left-handed Z-conformation.
A low-power CAM design for LZ data compression (2000)

Low-power and high-performance data compressors play an increasingly important role in the portable mobile computing and wireless communication markets. Among lossless data compression algorithms for hardware implementation, LZ77 is one of the most widely used. For real-time communication, some hardware LZ compressors/decompressors have been proposed in the past. Content addressable memory (CAM) is widely considered as the most efficient architecture for pattern matching required by the LZ77 compression process. In this paper, we propose a low-power CAM-based LZ77 data compressor. By shutting down the power for unnecessary comparisons between the CAM words and the input symbol, the proposed CAM architecture consumes much lower power than the conventional ones without noticeable performance penalty. Moreover, using the proposed conditional comparison mechanism and the novel CAM cell with the NAND-type matching logic, on average we have close to two orders of improvement on power consumption, i.e., a reduction of more than 98 percent for 8-bit words. Speed is sacrificed if we use the NAND-type matching logic, but the NAND-type logic and the NOR-type logic can be combined to provide the best solution that balances power and delay. Our approach also can be applied to general-purpose CAMs which use the valid bits, so far as the proposed design techniques are adopted.
Investigation of changes in crystalline and amorphous structure during deformation of nano-reinforced semi-crystalline polymers by space-resolved synchrotron SAXS and WAXS (2009)

Abstract Complex structural changes occur in semi-crystalline polymers during deformation. In (nano-)filled systems the situation becomes even more complicated, since not only phase changes may take place, but also local (interfacial) failure between phases may occur. To help identify specific processes taking place within these systems, simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) measurements were performed using synchrotron radiation during in situ deformation. Using a highly focused beam, spatially resolved local information can be extracted by scanning the beam across the deformed/damaged region within the sample. The characteristic changes in the different phases are presented and discussed. While the study of WAXS patterns gives insight into the orientation and dimensions of the crystallites, SAXS provides information about the mutual arrangement of phases and the interfacial failure phenomena. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in our experiments it will be shown that the first changes in the crystalline phase appear long before macroscopic yielding of the sample is reached, i.e. the onset of irreversible deformation takes place. In the post-yield regime radical changes are observed in both the long- and short-range structures. It is concluded that the presence of nano-fillers exerts a strong influence on the establishment of microcrystalline structure, and hence also on the deformation behaviour at the microscopic scale.
The MicroRNA-Processing Enzyme Dicer Maintains Juxtaglomerular Cells (2010)

Juxtaglomerular cells are highly specialized myoepithelioid granulated cells located in the glomerular afferent arterioles. These cells synthesize and release renin, which distinguishes them from other cells. How these cells maintain their identity, restricted localization, and fate is unknown and is fundamental to the control of BP and homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes. Because microRNAs may control cell fate via temporal and spatial gene regulation, we generated mice with a conditional deletion of Dicer, the RNase III endonuclease that produces mature microRNAs in cells of the renin lineage. Deletion of Dicer severely reduced the number of juxtaglomerular cells, decreased expression of the renin genes (Ren1 and Ren2), lowered plasma renin concentration, and decreased BP. As a consequence of the disappearance of renin-producing cells, the kidneys developed striking vascular abnormalities and prominent striped fibrosis. We conclude that microRNAs maintain the renin-producing juxtaglomerular cells and the morphologic integrity and function of the kidney.
DRILLING AND HARVESTING SMALL-SCALE BARLEY TRIALS BY MACHINE (1962)

Two machines are described which have been designed to reduce the time and labour required for the planting and harvesting of barley trials. They are a commercial combine drill which has been adapted by the addition of an auxiliary seeding mechanism, and a small-scale harvester which has been constructed to operate from the power-take-off of a tractor.
High speed sub-halfmicron flash memory technology with simple stacked gate structure cell (2002)

This paper describes the novel process/device technology for high speed sub-halfmicron flash memories with 0.4 /spl mu/m design rules. Some new structures and operating methods for future flash memories have been proposed. However, the most suitable structure to realize large memory capacity for magnetic disk replacement will be different from that for fast random access speed for EPROM replacement, flash-memory-embedded logic devices, and other high speed applications. To realize high speed random access operation, conventional NOR-type flash memory technology with CHE program and source erase scheme will be the most suitable because of its simple fabrication process, relatively small cell size, sufficiently high read current, and relatively low operation voltages for program and erase procedures. The low voltage program/erase operation results in high performance peripheral transistors. On the other hand, NAND flash EEPROM will be the most suitable for low-cost large memory capacity applications. This paper, for the first time, demonstrates the scalability of cell gate length down to 0.4 /spl mu/m for simple stacked gate NOR flash cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Netzwerkprogrammierung (1999)

Computer sind heute typischerweise durch Netzwerke miteinander verbunden. Das beste Beispiel hierfür ist das Intemet und die mit ihm assoziierte Familie von Netzwerkstandards, TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol).
Research on the Development of Rural Commodity Economy in the Edo Period (2014)

The rural commodity economy in the Edo period developed by leaps and bounds under the influence of institution, policy, technology and other factors. From the mid-17th century, the specific area of cash crops gradually took shape in Japan and the large-scale cultivation of cash crops greatly promoted the development of rural handicrafts, thereby creating the conditions for the initiation of the capitalist relations of production. The development of rural commodity economy not only changed the traditional mode of operation and production of Japanese farmers, but also accelerated the class differentiation, shook and disintegrated the economic foundation and class basis of Bakuhan society, and created the preconditions for the later Meiji Restoration.
Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings Based on Local and Global Preserving Embedding Algorithm (2017)

摘要：
Synthesis of New Silyl-Bridged Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands and Complexes (1996)

The new monobridged compound, [μ-(MePhSi)(C5H5)2] (2), was obtained as a mixture of five positional isomers from the reaction of MePhSiCl2 with 2 equiv of Li(C5H5). Deprotonation of 2 with 2 equiv of nBuLi and subsequent reaction with 1 equiv of Me2SiCl2 in THF resulted in an unsymmetrical dibridged (bis)cyclopentadienyl compound, [μ,μ-(MePhSi)(Me2Si)(C5H4)2] (3). Compound 3 was shown to be a mixture of five isomers by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Similarly, [μ-(Me2SiCH2CH2SiMe2)(C5H5)2] (4) was deprotonated with 2 equiv of nBuLi and subsequently reacted with 1 equiv of ClMe2SiCH2CH2SiMe2Cl to provide the (bis)cyclopentadienyl compound with two four-atom bridges, [μ,μ-(Me2SiCH2CH2SiMe2)2(C5H4)2] (5). X-ray diffraction studies of sublimed 5 showed the solid state structure to be the symmetrical 1,3−1,3 trans isomer, and NMR studies of 5 indicated a mixture of isomers in solution. The 1H, 13C, 29Si, and VT NMR spectra of compounds 2, 3, and 5 are described. Deprotonation of compounds 2, 3, and 5 and subsequent reaction with 2 equiv of (C5H5)TiCl3 produced the bimetallic complexes [μ-(MePhSi)(C5H4)2][(C5H5)TiCl2]2 (6), 1,2−1,2 trans-[μ,μ-(MePhSi)(Me2Si)(C5H3)2][(C5H5)TiCl2]2 (7), and a mixture of trans and cis isomers of 1,3−1,3 [μ,μ-(Me2SiCH2CH2SiMe2)2(C5H3)2][(C5H5)TiCl2]2 (8).
Optical synchronous detection with coded modulators applied to optical frequency domain reflectometry (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. NAZARATHY and D. W. DOLFI, "Optical synchronous detection with coded modulators applied to optical frequency domain reflectometry," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper THF3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Heat exposure in an enclosed automobile. (1995)

During July 1995, an infant in southeast Louisiana died as a result of heat exposure in an enclosed automobile. To evaluate degree of heat exposure in a vehicle, we compared the temperature rise inside an enclosed, dark-colored vehicle with the temperature rise in light-colored vehicle with the windows partly open. Within 20 minutes, readings in both cars exceeded 125 degrees F and reached approximately 140 degrees F in 40 minutes--a temperature rise of over 45 degrees F. A person who is unable to remove himself from an enclosed vehicle is at risk for a life-threatening crisis if left alone in a sun-exposed car for even a relatively short period of time.
Corridor X Development Plan (2006)

The purpose of the project is to apply the analytical tools (regional economic forecasting models, Geographic Information System (GIS), transportation planning software, and traffic simulation software) to inform the planning and development process along Corridor X. Specifically, these tools are used to illustrate the benefits of advanced planning and access management intended to preserve the functional integrity of Corridor X and its interchanges and crossroads. The study area includes all of Corridor X from the Mississippi State Line to US 31 in Birmingham. In all it covers 96 mi and, more importantly, includes 28 interchanges with county, state and federal highways providing access to and from Corridor X. The Corridor X Access Management and Develop Plan report is presented in seven sections. Section 1.0 presents the background information and purpose for undertaking the project. The second section described the economic analysis used to base future land use and traffic projections. The existing and future economic analysis information in Section 2.0 also serves as reference material for public officials and developers active in the study counties. In particular, the traffic analysis presented in Section 3.0 describes how future traffic conditions along Corridor X and its crossroads were developed for the year 2025. Section 4.0 presents the principles of access management along with engineering examples of how it can be used to improve and preserve safe and efficient traffic operations. Section 5.0 presents specific guidance for implementing the access management and development concepts presented throughout the report. Finally, Section 6.0 presents general conclusions from the study and offers several recommendations in the form of “next steps.”
Survey Analysis of the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (1996)

The actions taken by program directors in their use of ABSITE scores vary widely, with a noticeable difference found when comparing the methods between the university and community hospital directors. Our survey findings show that there is still no uniform standard or agreement as to how the scores should be used, even though the ABSITE has been in existence for 20 years.
Brazzein a Small, Sweet Protein: Discovery and Physiological Overview (2005)

, 1968; Kurihara and Beidler, 1968) amol. wt of 24 600.The search for sweeteners was no longer limited to small moleculesand resulted within a few years in the discovery of monellin andthaumatin (Morris and Cagan, 1972; van der Wel and Loeve, 1972).Later, mabinlin and curculin were discovered (Hu and He, 1983;Yamashita
Transparency in time-delayed systems and the effect of local force feedback for transparent teleoperation (2002)

This paper first investigates the issue of transparency in time-delayed teleoperation. It then studies the advantages of employing local force feedback for enhanced stability and performance. In addition, two classes of three-channel control architectures, that are perfectly transparent under ideal conditions are introduced. The stability robustness of the proposed architectures to delays is rigorously analyzed, leading to certain bounds on force feedforward control parameters. Experimental results are included in support of the theoretical work.
Phosphorylation regulates Myc expression via prolonged activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway (2006)

We previously showed that prolonged and strong ERK phosphorylation induced by Compound 5 (Cpd 5), a Cdc25A protein phosphatase inhibitor, was involved in its mechanism of cell growth inhibition. To study the relationship between ERK phosphorylation and cell growth inhibition, we used Cpd 5 as a tool to investigate ERK-regulated c-Myc expression in Hep3B hepatoma cells. We found that ERK phosphorylation caused by Cpd 5 induced c-Myc phosphorylation, but suppressed c-Myc expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Cpd 5 inhibited c-Myc transcriptional activity and DNA binding ability, and this inhibition was antagonized by ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U-0126, implying that the ERK pathway was involved in regulating c-Myc expression. Since the participation of c-Myc protein in transcription requires its dimerization with Max protein, we examined the Myc-Max association in Cpd 5-treated cells and found that Cpd 5 suppressed Myc-Max dimerization. Transfection of Hep3B cells with mutated ERK (T188A/Y190F), which has lost its dual-phosphorylation sites, attenuated the actions of Cpd 5 on Myc-Max association. To further demonstrate whether Myc phosphorylation by Cpd 5-induced ERK activation was able to directly regulate c-myc gene expression, a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to examine the binding of phospho-Myc to the c-myc promoter region. We found that phospho-Myc induced by Cpd 5 had lost its ability to bind to the c-myc promoter, whereas MEK inhibitor U-0126 antagonized this inhibitory effect. These data suggest that an increase in c-Myc phosphorylation in response to prolonged ERK phosphorylation negatively auto-regulates c-Myc gene expression, leading to the suppression of its target gene expression and cell cycle block.