gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Bactericidal Activity of Leukocytes of Stressed Newborn Infants (1975)

Previous studies have established that leukocyte phagocytosis and intracellular killing are normal in term and low-birthweight newborns who are well. To determine the effect of stress or illness on newborn leukocyte function, the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of leukocytes from 40 sick newborns was compared with that of leukocytes from 12 newborns and 23 normal adults. To eliminate abnormal phagocytosis resulting from serum opsonic defects in newborn sera, pooled adult sera were used in all assays. Twenty-five of the 40 stressed newborns (63%) had decreased in vitro activity against either Staphylococcus aureus 502A or Escherichia coli, or both, compared with decreased activity in two of 12 well infants (17%) and in four of 23 adult controls (17%). The mean bactericidal activity (percentage of organisms killed after two hours) of leukocytes from stressed newborns against S. aureus (83% +/- 2 [SEM]) and E. coli. (87% +/- 4 [SEM]) was significantly less than in the combined well infant and adult control group (94% +/- 1 for S. aureus and 97% +/- .5 for E. coli). Although the more severely ill infants had an increased incidence of impaired antibacterial activity, the degree of impairment was not related to the severity of illness. No consistent relationship of decreased activity to birthweight, gestational age, age when studied, or specific diagnosis was seen. The leukocyte abnormality in stressed infants against S. aureus was principally a killing defect, while against E. coli both phagocytosis and killing were abnormal. This study indicates that a wide variety of neonatal disorders may affect one or more of the steps required for normal bacterial killing. The lability of leukocytic antibacterial function under stress is an additional mechanism for the newborn's increased susceptibility to infection.
Rich azimuth marine seismic, a cost effective approach to better subsalt images (2007)

There are many areas of complex velocity structure, such as subsalt areas in the Gulf of Mexico, where improvements in depth imaging and noise removal have given better images. However, with several subsalt discoveries, we found some areas where these images are inadequate for cost effective appraisal and development. There have been many cases (some published, for example, O’Connell et al., 1993) where a new seismic survey in a different orientation improves the image in some areas of complex structure, while the image in other areas is better on the original data. These examples suggested that source-receiver azimuth was an important part of the equation. In the spring of 2006, we acquired a rich azimuth survey over our Shenzi discovery (centered on Green Canyon block 653) that took substantially less effort (cost) than we originally imagined. We have presented results at both EAGE and SEG meetings (Howard et al., 2006). This paper documents for a larger audience the studies that led to the decision to conduct the survey and some of those results.
On Optimal Allocation in a Distributed Processing Environment (1982)

Distributed processing has been motivated by many objectives. Among these are a desire to share resources, reduce communications costs (as compared to a centralized processing scheme), increase performance and decrease response time by partitioning tasks and achieve higher system availability (fault tolerance). Typically, processes (tasks) within a single processor and across processors will communicate among themselves in such a distributed environment. It is desirable to be able to assign tasks to processors in some optimal manner. In this paper, a quadratic partitioning model is developed to represent this interaction of tasks in a distributed processing environment. Initially, no capacity constraints are considered at any processor. An optimal solution (in a probabilistic sense) is found for this uncapacitated problem using a probabilistic branch and bound technique. Capacity constraints for processors are then introduced. Three intuitively appealing heuristics are developed to obtain good, though not necessarily optimal, solutions to the capacitated problem.
A carboxypeptidase Y pulse method to study the accessibility of the <i>C</i>-terminal end during the refolding of ribonuclease A (1989)

Carboxypeptidase Y pulses, applied after various times of refolding, were employed to probe the accessibility of the C-terminus of RNAase A during the refolding process. The increase in resistance against proteolytic cleavage was measured by determination of the amount of liberated C-terminal amino acids and by activity assays. The results indicate that the C-terminus of RNAase becomes inaccessible early in the course of refolding, if folding is carried out at low temperatures under conditions that effectively stabilize the native state. At higher temperatures (25 degrees C) or under conditions of marginal stability, intermediates are not populated and protection against proteolytic cleavage is not detectable before the formation of the native state. The method described may be used to monitor the accessibility of the C-terminus of various proteins during refolding. However, intermediates on the folding pathway can only be observed if the native state is stable against carboxypeptidase attack.
Biomechanical model-based displacement estimation in micro-sensor motion capture (2012)

10.1088/0957-0233/23/5/055101
Smoking cessation: recent developments in behavioral and pharmacologic interventions. (1998)

Smoking kills more than 430,000 people each year in the United States and is currently estimated to be responsible for 30.5% of all cancer-related deaths in our society. The majority of these deaths could be prevented, however, if people refrained from usage of tobacco products. It is, therefore, essential that smoking cessation treatment become an integral component of all types of health care. In order to help clinicians better serve their smoking patients, we present an overview of current trends in the behavioral and pharmacologic treatment of smoking cessation. Although popular with patients, standard self-help interventions provide little clinical utility. A review of the current literature supports the use of behavioral counseling and nicotine replacement therapy as the most efficacious forms of intervention, particularly when combined. Recent trends in cessation research have also included nonnicotine medications, such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and nicotine antagonists. Although there is insufficient evidence to mandate inclusion of most of these medications in standard smoking cessation treatment at this time, preliminary studies have not ruled out their potential effectiveness.
Making Classroom Charts (1941)

Other| December 01 1941 Making Classroom Charts Philip G. Johnson Philip G. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1941) 4 (3): 86–87. https://doi.org/10.2307/4437229 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Philip G. Johnson; Making Classroom Charts. The American Biology Teacher 1 December 1941; 4 (3): 86–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4437229 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cellular Mechanisms of Benzodiazepine Action (1982)

BENZODIAZEPINES are in common clinical use because they possess a fortunate combination of important therapeutic properties. They are effective in the treatment of two common clinical conditions—anxiety and insomnia—and they are useful in the treatment of seizure disorders and certain kinds of spasticity as well. In addition to these therapeutic actions, these drugs lack significant side effects outside of the CNS and have low toxicity, factors that have contributed to their widespread clinical use. Since the introduction of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium) in 1960, research into the cellular mechanisms of benzodiazepine action has increased in parallel with the use of these agents. In this review, some recent advances in elucidating the mechanisms of action of benzodiazepines in the CNS are described. The principal lines of basic research on benzodiazepines fall into two general categories: biochemical and electrophysiological. Although they will be discussed separately, they represent complementary strategies for achieving a comprehensive
Development of a universal serial bus‐powered mini‐high‐voltage power supply for microchip electrophoresis (2007)

We describe a miniature high-voltage power supply (HVPS) with dimensions of 4.7 x 5.6 x 2.5 cm (W x L x H) powered by universal serial bus (USB) ports. Two strategies were adopted to ensure its efficient power usage. (i) Only two high-voltage converters (one positive and one negative) and two relays were used for power saving, while keeping the sample plug stable and well-defined and avoiding sample leakage for microchip electrophoresis. (ii) The components and their running modes were specially designed to decrease power waste according to the feature of different periods of the microchip electrophoresis process. Performance of this USB-based mini-HVPS was demonstrated using sodium fluorescein analyte with microchip electrophoresis/LIF detection.
Regularized inverse holographic volume reconstruction for 3D particle tracking (2019)

The key limitations of digital inline holography (DIH) for particle tracking applications are poor longitudinal resolution, particle concentration limits, and case-specific processing. We utilize an inverse problem method with fused lasso regularization to perform full volumetric reconstructions of particle fields. By exploiting data sparsity in the solution and utilizing GPU processing, we dramatically reduce the computational cost usually associated with inverse reconstruction approaches. We demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method using synthetic and experimental holograms. Finally, we present two practical applications (high concentration microorganism swimming and microfiber rotation) to extend the capabilities of DIH beyond what was possible using prior methods.
Wave Mechanics Applied to Semiconductor Heterostructures (1991)

Idealized Quantum Wells and Superlattices: A Summary. Band Structure of Bulk III-V Compounds. Envelope Function Description of Heterostructure Electronic States. Coulombic Bound States and Interface Defects in Heterostructures. Energy Levels in Modulation-Doped Heterostructures. Electrical Conductivity of Quasi Bi-Dimensional Electron Gases. Optical Properties of Quasi Bi-Dimensional Systems. Effect of Static External Electric and Magnetic Fields on the Energy Levels of Quasi Bi-Dimensional Electron Gases. Appendices.
The Future of Hemophilia Treatment: Longer-Acting Factor Concentrates versus Gene Therapy (2016)

Gene therapy is the only novel technology that currently offers the prospect of a lasting cure for hemophilia and freedom from the burden of repeated injections. Recent data from a handful of patients who have undergone gene therapy for hemophilia B are very encouraging with a sustained factor IX (FIX) level of 0.05 IU/mL maintained for over 4 years. While this level is above the current usual target trough levels, it falls well short of the level that patients on prophylaxis with longer-acting products can expect. Prophylaxis is also associated with high peak levels, which permits patients to maintain an active lifestyle. A major barrier to widespread adoption of gene therapy is a high seroprevalence of antibodies to adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in the general population. Young children would be the best candidates for gene therapy in view of much lower seroprevalence to AAV in infants. A stable level of FIX early in life would prevent the onset of joint bleeds and the development of arthropathy. The recent experience with apolipoprotein tiparvovec (Glybera; uniQure, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) indicates that gene therapy is unlikely to prove to be a cheap therapeutic option. It is also quite possible that other new technologies that do not require viral vectors (such as stem cell therapy) may overtake gene therapy during development and make it redundant.
Optimization of a Parallel Shoulder Mechanism to Achieve a High-Force, Low-Mass, Robotic-Arm Exoskeleton (2010)

This paper describes a robotic-arm exoskeleton that uses a parallel mechanism inspired by the human forearm to allow naturalistic shoulder movements. The mechanism can produce large forces through a substantial portion of the range of motion (RoM) of the human arm while remaining lightweight. This paper describes the optimization of the exoskeleton's torque capabilities by the modification of the key geometric design parameters.
LIME: Linda meets mobility (2003)

LIME is a system designed to assist in the rapid development of dependable mobile applications over both wired and ad hoc networks. Mobile agents reside on mobile hosts and all communication takes place via transiently shared tuple spaces distributed across the mobile hosts. The decoupled style of computing characterizing the Linda model is extended to the mobile environment. At the application level, both agents and hosts perceive movement as a sudden change of context. The set of tuples accessible by a particular agent residing on a given host is altered transparently in response to changes in the connectivity pattern among the mobile hosts. In this paper we present the key design concepts behind the LIME system.
Preparation of the Capsule-like Carbon Tubes via a Facile Solvothermal Route (2008)

Capsule-like carbon tubes (CLCTs) with a diameter of 300 to 500 nm and a length of 2 to 4 μm have been synthesized via the facile ethanol-thermal route without the presence of toxic reagents. CLCTs have been analyzed and characterized via using by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and Raman spectrum. The analysis results indicate that the graphitic degree of CLCTs is low under our synthesis condition.
24.7% Record Efficiency HIT Solar Cell on Thin Silicon Wafer (2013)

A new record conversion efficiency of 24.7% was attained at the research level by using a heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer structure of practical size (101.8 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , total area) at a 98-μm thickness. This is a world height record for any crystalline silicon-based solar cell of practical size (100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and above). Since we announced our former record of 23.7%, we have continued to reduce recombination losses at the hetero interface between a-Si and c-Si along with cutting down resistive losses by improving the silver paste with lower resistivity and optimization of the thicknesses in a-Si layers. Using a new technology that enables the formation of a-Si layer of even higher quality on the c-Si substrate, while limiting damage to the surface of the substrate, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> has been improved from 0.745 to 0.750 V. We also succeeded in improving the fill factor from 0.809 to 0.832.
Finite-amplitude standing waves within real cavities (1975)

A three-dimensional mathematical model for acoustical standing waves in lossy fluid-filled cavities has been obtained which requires empirical values for the resonance frequencies fn and quality factors Qn (all measured in the linear acoustic régime) of the pertinent standing waves which the cavity can support. The nonlinear distortion of the observed pressure waveform depends strongly on the f’s and Q’s of those standing waves excited by harmonics of the driving frequency. The model is applicable to nonideal cavities if the deviations from idealized geometry and boundary conditions are small. It is restricted to small values of M (1+1/2 B/A) Q1 where M is the peak Mach number and Q1 the quality factor of the fundamental component of the driven standing wave, and B/A is the parameter of nonlinearity of the fluid. Comparisons between the model and experiment are made for a rectangular cavity driven in one- and two-dimensional modes. Agreement is excellent except when there are degeneracies involving the predicted nonlinearly excited standing waves and other standing waves of the cavity. Small discrepancies appear to result from the coupling of energy from the nonlinearly excited standing wave into its degenerate neighbor. Subject Classification: 25.25; 55.20.
Electroluminescence of organic light emitting diodes with alternately deposited dye-doped aluminium quinoline and diamine derivative (1999)

We prepared organic light emitting diodes (LEDs) with alternately deposited dye-doped aluminium quinoline (Alq3) and diamine derivative (TPD), and studied their electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties. The alternate deposition structure changed the energetic position and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the EL spectra for the organic LED with alternately deposited undoped Alq3 layers, but did not change those for the organic LED with alternately deposited dye-doped Alq3 layers. On the other hand, the EL efficiency of the dye-doped specimens, despite the use of sample dyes with high PL quantum yield, was lower than that of the undoped specimen. Although the location of an emitting Alq3 layer depends on electron injection, the emitting region in a 5 nm thick Alq3 layer was estimated to be localized near the TPD layer on the anode side by a partial dye-doping method. To explain the conflict between the electron injection dependence of EL and the location of the emitting region, we propose recombination in the TPD layer and the direct energy transfer from TPD to the sample dye without the excitation of Alq3.
Automatic communications control system (1980)

In FM Land Mobile communication systems, the frequency spectrum below 300 Hz is essentially unused and can be exploited for data transmission. This paper explores a signaling method using subaudible data transmission and its application in a trunked radio dispatch system.
Fault and Load Current Testing of a Bundle Conductor Spacer (1963)

Fault and load curretnt tests were made on a 16-inch spaced bundle conductor test line. Both a spring-type spacer and a laboratory-type rigid spacer were tested. Fault currents up to 36,400 amperes were applied asymmetrically, and load currents up to 3,800 amperes.
The malonyl CoA axis as a potential target for treating ischaemic heart disease (2008)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability for people living in western societies, with ischaemic heart disease accounting for the majority of this health burden. The primary treatment for ischaemic heart disease consists of either improving blood and oxygen supply to the heart or reducing the heart's oxygen demand. Unfortunately, despite recent advances with these approaches, ischaemic heart disease still remains a major health problem. Therefore, the development of new treatment strategies is still required. One exciting new approach is to optimize cardiac energy metabolism, particularly by decreasing the use of fatty acids as a fuel and by increasing the use of glucose as a fuel. This approach is beneficial in the setting of ischaemic heart disease, as it allows the heart to produce energy more efficiently and it reduces the degree of acidosis associated with ischaemia/reperfusion. Malonyl CoA is a potent endogenous inhibitor of cardiac fatty acid oxidation, secondary to inhibiting carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA is synthesized in the heart by acetyl CoA carboxylase, which in turn is phosphorylated and inhibited by 5'AMP-activated protein kinase. The degradation of myocardial malonyl CoA occurs via malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD). Previous studies have shown that inhibiting MCD will significantly increase cardiac malonyl CoA levels. This is associated with an increase in glucose oxidation, a decrease in acidosis, and an improvement in cardiac function and efficiency during and following ischaemia. Hence, the malonyl CoA axis represents an exciting new target for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
Coherent Optical Adaptive Techniques (1974)

The theory of multidither adaptive optical radar phased arrays is briefly reviewed as an introduction to the experimental results obtained with seven-element linear and three-element triangular array systems operating at 0.6328 microm. Atmospheric turbulence compensation and adaptive tracking capabilities are demonstrated.
Closed-Loop Transmitting Power Control System for K-band Satellite Communications (1983)

In order to cope with K-band link loss variations and also to improve link reliability, a new closed-loop satellite access power control system is proposed. This system controls Earth station transmitting power so that the overall satellite link quality, such as S/N or error rate, converges to the stipulated value. Satellite transmitting power is also optimized by this control, enabling a considerable increase in transmission capacity and improvement in link reliability.
Expression and induction by <i>β</i>-adrenergic agonists of the cystatin S gene in submandibular glands of developing rats (1990)

Repeated administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (isoproterenol, IPR), which produces hypertrophic/hyperplastic enlargements of rat submandibular and parotid glands, induces synthesis of a secretory protein shown to be a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, rat cystatin S. In the current study, Northern blot and hybridizations in situ were carried out to establish the developmental and beta-adrenergic regulation of the expression of the cystatin S gene. Cystatin S mRNA was not detected in submandibular glands of 20-day-old fetuses, nor in the glands of newborn or 10-day-old rats. However, steady-state levels of cystatin S mRNA increased between 21 and 28 days, reaching a conspicuously high concentration at 28 days; cystatin S mRNA then declined rapidly to a barely detectable level in glands of 32-day-old rats. IPR administration for 4 days induced high levels of cystatin S mRNA in submandibular glands of developing and adult rats. In both prepubertal and mature animals, induction of cystatin S mRNA in submandibular glands was more pronounced in female than in male animals. Hybridizations in situ revealed cystatin S mRNA only in acinar but not in duct cells of the submandibular gland. Developmentally, expression of the cystatin S gene coincided with acinar cell differentiation. These data suggest a complex neural, hormonal and developmental regulation of salivary cystatin genes.
Photoluminescence Characteristics of Mn- and Pr-doped ZnS Nanoparticles Optically Annealed with UV Illumination (2005)

Undoped, Mn-doped, Pr-doped, and Mn- and Pr-codoped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by a wet chemical method, and these nanoparticles were optically annealed in air or vacuum. In the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the optically annealed nanoparticles, a sulfur–vacancy-related PL band at around 420 nm, a PL band associated with the 4 T 1 → 6 A 1 transition of Mn 2+ , and PL peaks associated with Pr-related complexes were investigated during optical annealing. The integrated PL intensities for the nanoparticles annealed in air increased more markedly with the optical annealing time than those for the nanoparticles annealed in vacuum. This increase may be explained by the photooxidation of the surface, the enhancement of the crystal quality, and the gradual diffusion of luminescent ions into the crystal lattice.