gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid fading effects on airborne satellite communication receivers employing Granlund pre-detection diversity combiners (2002)

A two ray fading model is used to illustrate the effects of over water flight on satellite communications when a Granlund (1956) pre-detection diversity combiner is used to extend the receive antenna coverage. An airplane with multiple antennas covering non-overlapping arrival angles is investigated. A linearized model developed for the combiner is applied to the task of estimating phase tracking error, regeneration frequency, and signal to noise ratio degradation. The cases of the direct and reflected (specular) component arriving in the same or different antennas is investigated. It is shown that when the direct and reflected waves arrive in the same antenna the combiner is nothing more than a gain controlled amplifier with a control transfer function determined by the chosen filter functions. It is shown that when the direct and reflected wave arrive in different antennas, the regeneration frequency becomes a weighted average related to the arrival frequencies of the direct and reflected waves (where the frequency difference is a function of aircraft velocity). An expression for the phase tracking error in the case of the signals arriving in the different antennas is derived. The effects of phase tracking error on the received signal to noise ratio are analyzed. The channel distortion effects are analyzed for a typical application of the airplane communicating with a geostationary satellite.
Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine (2013)

Stem cell science has the potential to impact human reproductive medicine significantly – cutting edge technologies allow the production and regeneration of viable gametes from human stem cells offering potential to preciously infertile patients. Written by leading experts in the field Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine brings together chapters on the genetics and epigenetics of both the male and female gametes as well as advice on the production and regeneration of gene cells in men and women, trophoblasts and endometrium from human embryonic and adult stem cells. Although focussing mainly on the practical elements of the use of stem cells in reproductive medicine, the book also contains a section on new developments in stem cell research. The book is essential reading for reproductive medicine clinicians, gynecologists and embryologists who want to keep abreast of practical developments in this rapidly developing field.
Managing long term communications: conversation and contact management (2003)

Contact management is an important part of everyday work. People exchange business cards to try to enter each other's contact lists. Local businesses provide refrigerator magnets and calendars so they will be called on when a particular need arises. People who use the telephone extensively are selective about who they add to their speed dial lists. Contact management and conversation management are linked. Many busy professionals discourage voice calls and messages, because E-mail enables them to better manage their time, conversations, and contacts. People also spend large amounts of time transcribing voice mail, browsing E-mail archives and writing todo lists - all of these activities are intended to help track the content and status of outstanding conversations. Together, these practices reveal some of the complexities of contact and conversation management. We investigated contact and conversation management by carrying out twenty semi-structured interviews with professionals in assorted fields. Key properties of technologically-mediated conversations identified were: (1) they are extended in time, which means (2) people typically engage in multiple concurrent conversations, and (3) conversations often involve multiple participants. These properties led to a significant memory load for our informants: they spoke of the difficulty of keeping tracking of conversational content and status, as well as the identity, contact information, and expertise of their conversational partners. People respond to these problems by trying to make key aspects of their conversations persistent; however, with current support tools, this strategy meets with mixed success. Building on the findings of our study, we present a new support tool that aids in managing contacts and conversation status.
Use of graphitic carbon black and primary secondary amine for determination of 17 organophosphorus pesticide residues in spinach (2008)

Graphitized carbon black (GCB) and primary secondary amine (PSA) as dispersive-SPE sorbents were applied to optimize the method for the determination of 17 organophosphorus pesticides in spinach which contained so many pigments using GC with flame photometric detector (FPD). The sample was extracted with ACN, and an aliquot of the extract was concentrated to near dryness. Ethyl acetate or acetone was chosen as the dissolving solvent. Subsequently, dispersive-SPE was used for cleanup, and the type and quantity of sorbents (GCB, PSA and activated carbon) were tested in the experiments. The best results were when acetone was used to dissolve and 30 mg each of GCB and PSA for cleanup. In this condition, recoveries of pesticides analyzed were between 52-117% with RSD below 10%, and LOQ ranged from 10 to 20 microg/kg. This method was simple, effective and efficient, and can protect the GC system to some extent.
Increase in expression of the copper transporter ATP7A during platinum drug-based treatment is associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients. (2003)

Although ATP7A is not detectable in most normal tissues it is expressed in a considerable fraction of many common tumor types. Enrichment of the tumor for ATP7A-expressing cells during platinum drug-based treatment of ovarian cancers is associated with poor survival. These findings are in agreement with results of in vitro studies from this laboratory demonstrating that increased expression of ATP7A renders cells resistant to cisplatin and carboplatin.
Research and Evaluation Plans for the TravTek IVHS Operational Field Test (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">TravTek is a joint public sector/private sector operational field test of an advanced driver information and traffic management system. The year-long project will be operational in the greater Orlando area in 1992. In addition to the demonstration of navigation and traffic management technology, a major goal of TravTek is to evaluate project objectives and answer questions about driver behavior. The data collected will be used to examine system benefits and costs in a fully deployed system. The foci of this paper are 1) the concept of TravTek as a person-machine system, 2) the process of planning a comprehensive research program and 3) an overview of the planned evaluation approaches. Although the TravTek evaluation will not be completed until after 1992, it is hoped that this status report will assist in the research planning efforts of future Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS)/Advanced Driver Information System (ADIS) demonstrations.</div>
Replica Monte Carlo Simulation of Spin-Glasses (1986)

A new Monte Carlo method is presented for simulations of systems with quenched random interactions. The approach greatly reduces the long correlation times characteristic of standard methods, allowing the investigation of lower temperatures with less computer time than previously necessary.
An Accurate Timing Alignment Method With Time-to-Digital Converter Linearity Calibration for High-Resolution TOF PET (2015)

Accurate PET system timing alignment minimizes the coincidence time window and therefore reduces random events and improves image quality. It is also critical for time-of-flight (TOF) image reconstruction. Here, we use a thin annular cylinder (shell) phantom filled with a radioactive source and located axially and centrally in a PET camera for the timing alignment of a TOF PET system. This timing alignment method involves measuring the time differences between the selected coincidence detector pairs, calibrating the differential and integral nonlinearity of the time-to-digital converter (TDC) with the same raw data and deriving the intrinsic time biases for each detector using an iterative algorithm. The raw time bias for each detector is downloaded to the front-end electronics and the residual fine time bias can be applied during the TOF list-mode reconstruction. Our results showed that a timing alignment accuracy of better than ±25 ps can be achieved, and a preliminary timing resolution of 473 ps (full width at half maximum) was measured in our prototype TOF PET/CT system.
Unknown Intent Detection Using Gaussian Mixture Model with an Application to Zero-shot Intent Classification (2020)

User intent classification plays a vital role in dialogue systems. Since user intent may frequently change over time in many realistic scenarios, unknown (new) intent detection has become an essential problem, where the study has just begun. This paper proposes a semantic-enhanced Gaussian mixture model (SEG) for unknown intent detection. In particular, we model utterance embeddings with a Gaussian mixture distribution and inject dynamic class semantic information into Gaussian means, which enables learning more classconcentrated embeddings that help to facilitate downstream outlier detection. Coupled with a density-based outlier detection algorithm, SEG achieves competitive results on three real task-oriented dialogue datasets in two languages for unknown intent detection. On top of that, we propose to integrate SEG as an unknown intent identifier into existing generalized zero-shot intent classification models to improve their performance. A case study on a state-of-the-art method, ReCapsNet, shows that SEG can push the classification performance to a significantly higher level.
Flow‐Through‐Type DNA Array Based on Ideally Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina Substrate (2004)

A flow-through-type DNA array fabricated from an ideally ordered anodic porous alumina substrate is reported. Single-stranded probe DNA was affixed to the walls of the sub-micrometer-diameter holes, and fluorescently labelled target DNA was passed through the holes in the substrate. Fluorescence microscopy revealed an ordered array of fluorescent spots after the hybridization (see Figure), demonstrating the applicability of these porous alumina substrates to fabrication of high-density DNA arrays.
PostScript Language Reference Manual (1985)

From the Publisher:
communications. This powerful and flexible language efficiently describes the appearance of text, sampled images, and graphics on a printed page or display. PostScript language interpreters have been incorporated into some of today's most innovative printers, typesetters, film records, and computer display environments.

The PostScript Language Reference Manual from Adobe Systems Incorporated is the official reference to the PostScript language. This entirely new and up-to-date Second Edition offers the most comprehensive coverage of the entire PostScript language, including the recent advancements of PostScript Level 2.

The PostScript Language Reference Manual, contains the complete semantics of every PostScript language operator, the Display PostScript System, PostScript Level 1 (the original PostScript language), and PostScript Level 2, the first major revision to the language since its release in 1985. PostScript Level 2 incorporates recent extensions to the language and many new features including:


CMYK color Composite fonts Forms Patterns Color separations Resource management New memory management Improved screening algorithms Data compression/decompression Support for printer-specific features Device-independent, CIE-based color Optimized text and graphics operators 


As PostScript continues to be the industry standard page description language for imaging high-quality text and graphics, the PostScript Language Reference Manual, remains the definitive resource for all PostScript language programmers.
Identification of Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces from Internal and External Features: Some Implications for Theories of Face Recognition (1979)

Three experiments are reported in which recognition of faces from whole faces or internal or external features was compared. In the first experiment, where the faces were of famous people, an advantage was found for identification from internal features. In the second experiment involving unfamiliar faces, however, no difference was found in recognition rates when subjects were given the internal or the external features. In a third experiment famous faces were presented and mixed with other famous faces for a recognition test. As in experiment 1, better recognition occurred from internals as compared with external features. It is argued that the internal representation for familiar faces may be qualitatively different from that for face seen just once. In particular some advantage in feature saliency may accrue to the internal or 'expressive' features of familiar faces. The implications of these results are considered in relation to general theories of face perception and recognition.
A Common Polymorphism in the <i>SFTPD</i> Gene Influences Assembly, Function, and Concentration of Surfactant Protein D (2005)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays important roles in the host defense against infectious microorganisms and in regulating the innate immune response to a variety of pathogen-associated molecular pattern. SP-D is mainly expressed by type II cells of the lung, but SP-D is generally found on epithelial surfaces and in serum. Genotyping for three single-nucleotide variations altering amino acids in the mature protein in codon 11 (Met(11)Thr), 160 (Ala(160)Thr), and 270 (Ser(270)Thr) of the SP-D gene was performed and related to the SP-D levels in serum. Individuals with the Thr/Thr(11)-encoding genotype had significantly lower SP-D serum levels than individuals with the Met/Met(11) genotype. Gel filtration chromatography revealed two distinct m.w. peaks with SP-D immunoreactivity in serum from Met/Met(11)-encoding genotypes. In contrast, Thr/Thr(11) genotypes lacked the highest m.w. form. A similar SP-D size distribution was found for recombinant Met(11) and Thr(11) expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Atomic force microscopy of purified SP-D showed that components eluting in the position of the high m.w. peak consist of multimers, dodecamers, and monomers of subunits, whereas the second peak exclusively contains monomers. SP-D from both peaks bound to mannan-coated ELISA plates. SP-D from the high m.w. peak bound preferentially to intact influenza A virus and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the monomeric species preferentially bound to isolated LPS. Our data strongly suggest that polymorphic variation in the N-terminal domain of the SP-D molecule influences oligomerization, function, and the concentration of the molecule in serum.
Archival Optical Disc Data Storage (1981)

The optical disc has become a viable candidate for mass digital data storage. Its unique characteristics make it suitable for archival, wideband, high density record and playback applications, as well as those requiring fast access to a large data base. RCA has been pursuing the development of such systems for government mass data storage and retrieval requirements. This work is centered around a unique "tri-layer" optical disc structure, which offers high sensitivity and signal-to-noise (SNR) at very high packing densities. The two major areas of pursuit are record and playback at data rates of 200 Mb/s or more and multiple-disc record and playback units for very large on-line capacities. Record and playback at high data rates are achieved through simultaneous multiple, parallel-channel operation. Single-channel rates of 50 Mb/s and multiple-channel rates of 150 Mb/s have been demonstrated on laboratory breadboard equipment. Concept designs for multiple disc record and playback systems are centered around two "jukebox" configurations, which can provide fast automatic access to large on-line data stores. A feasibility design for a reader unit with an access time of three seconds to 1013 bits (100 discs) has been performed. A second concept provides a capability of both record and playback of 50 Mb/s with an access time of seven seconds to 1013 bits.
Evaluation and Improvement of Database Schemas: A transformation-based framework (2010)

Abstract. Data schemas are primary artefacts for the development and maintenance of data intensive software systems. As for the application code, one way to improve the quality of the models is to ensure that they comply with best design practices. In this paper, we present a research on data schemas quality, in which the quality evaluation process is based on the identification of specific schema constructs and their comparison with best practices. We provide an overview of a framework based on the use of semantics-preserving transformations as a way to compare and suggest improvements for the most significant best design practices. The paper also summarize the contribution of the approach and of the current achievements.
Table of Contents for the 1997 National Developmental Conference on Individual Events (1998)

Table of contents for Conference Proceedings: National Developmental Conference on Individual Events 1997.
An efficient algorithm for statistical minimization of total power under timing yield constraints (2005)

Power minimization under variability is formulated as a rigorous statistical robust optimization program with a guarantee of power and timing yields. Both power and timing metrics are treated probabilistically. Power reduction is performed by simultaneous sizing and dual threshold voltage assignment. An extremely fast run-time is achieved by casting the problem as a second-order conic problem and solving it using efficient interior-point optimization methods. When compared to the deterministic optimization, the new algorithm, on average, reduces static power by 31% and total power by 17% without the loss of parametric yield. The run time on a variety of public and industrial benchmarks is 30X faster than other known statistical power minimization algorithms.
Chemistry and biology of prions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry and biology of prionsStanley B. PrusinerCite this: Biochemistry 1992, 31, 49, 12277–12288Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00164a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00164a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Montmorillonite K10 Clay:  An Efficient Catalyst for the One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Acetamido Ketones (2003)

An efficient one-pot three-component coupling process for the synthesis of beta-acetamido ketones catalyzed by montmorillonite K10 clay is described. The reaction is highly stereoselective and the catalyst can be recycled.
Modulating Platelet Function With Selective Thrombin Inhibitors (1996)

In addition to its pivotal role in blood coagulation, thrombin is one of the most important agonists for platelet recruitment and aggregation. Thrombin inhibitors impede thrombin-induced platelet aggregation but have no effect on aggregation induced by other agonists. A review is presented of selective thrombin inhibitors now in clinical investigation, some of which are also orally active.
A peptidyl-glucosamine derivative affects IKKα kinase activity in human chondrocytes (2010)

Our results demonstrate that glucosamine and its peptidyl derivative can interfere with NF-kappaB signaling pathway by inhibiting IKKalpha activity in human chondrocytes. However, the mechanism of action of the two molecules is not completely overlapping. While NAPA can both specifically inhibit the IKKalpha kinase activity and IKKalpha nuclear re-localization, GlcN only acts on IKKalpha nuclear re-localization.
Fluorescence-Based Bioassays for the Detection and Evaluation of Food Materials (2015)

We summarize here the recent progress in fluorescence-based bioassays for the detection and evaluation of food materials by focusing on fluorescent dyes used in bioassays and applications of these assays for food safety, quality and efficacy. Fluorescent dyes have been used in various bioassays, such as biosensing, cell assay, energy transfer-based assay, probing, protein/immunological assay and microarray/biochip assay. Among the arrays used in microarray/biochip assay, fluorescence-based microarrays/biochips, such as antibody/protein microarrays, bead/suspension arrays, capillary/sensor arrays, DNA microarrays/polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based arrays, glycan/lectin arrays, immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based arrays, microfluidic chips and tissue arrays, have been developed and used for the assessment of allergy/poisoning/toxicity, contamination and efficacy/mechanism, and quality control/safety. DNA microarray assays have been used widely for food safety and quality as well as searches for active components. DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling may be useful for such purposes due to its advantages in the evaluation of pathway-based intracellular signaling in response to food materials.
Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing 2′-deoxynebularine and 2′-deoxyxanthosine (1986)

The preparation of synthetic oligonucleotides containing 2'-deoxynebularine (dN) and 2'-deoxyxanthosine (dX) is described. The thermal stabilities of duplexes containing dX, dN, and 2'-deoxyinosine (dI) base-paired with the four natural bases have been measured. Xanthine base pairs have stabilities at pH 5.5 that are similar to those of dI-containing duplexes at neutral pH. When xanthine is paired with adenine or cytosine an unusual stabilization of the duplex structure is observed at acid pH. Incorporation of base mispairs opposite template xanthine sites were measured using Drosophila DNA polymerase alpha. The relative nucleoside incorporation rates are in the order: T greater than C much greater than A approximately equal to G. These rates do not correlate with relative thermodynamic stabilities of base mispairs with xanthine obtained from Tm measurements: T greater than G greater than A approximately equal to C. We suggest that DNA polymerase misinsertion rates are greatest when the base mispair can be formed in accordance with Watson-Crick as opposed to other base pairing geometries even though other geometries, e.g. wobble, may result in a more stable final DNA product.