gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Particulate reinforced PC/PBT composites. I. Effect of particle size (nanotalc versus fine talc particles) on dimensional stability and properties (2008)

Abstract The effect of particle size (nanotalc versus fine talc) on the dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and morphology of composites consisting of polycarbonate (PC), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and talc was investigated at various talc loadings. It was found that, by using nanotalc as opposed to fine talc particles, the level of talc reinforcement could be reduced from 6 to 1 wt% without sacrificing the dimensional stability, i.e. coefficient of linear thermal expansion and shrinkage of injection‐molded plaques, or flexural modulus of the PC/PBT/talc composites at a PC‐to‐PBT blend ratio of 60/40 by weight or greater. Further benefits included a 14% increase in flexural strength, 120% increase in the tensile toughness and 3% reduction in the density of the PC/PBT/talc composites. The improved stiffness is attributed to the higher aspect ratio (diameter/thickness of the platelets) of nanotalc (20–25) relative to that of the fine talc (5–10). An increase in the flexural modulus of the PC/PBT/talc composites with an increase in nanotalc loading was observed even though there was evidence of significant degradation in the molecular weight of the PC/PBT matrix. Possible degradation in the molecular weight of the PC/PBT matrix was supported by a significant reduction in the storage modulus and complex viscosity, at high frequencies of the composites generated with the nanotalc relative to that of the unfilled matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
A Broadband CMOS RF Front-End for Universal Tuners Supporting Multi-Standard Terrestrial and Cable Broadcasts (2011)

A wideband CMOS highly linear and low noise RF front-end including inductor-less wideband LNA, integrated passive tunable filter, harmonic rejection mixer (HRM), and loop-through amplifier (LTA) is proposed for universal tuners. The proposed inductor-less wideband LNA shows a gain range greater than 55 dB with fine gain step less than 0.5 dB while achieving higher linearity and lower noise figure (NF), as compared with the traditional resistive/active feedback LNA through a source follower (SF). The integrated tunable filter covers the entire VHF bands without dividing the frequency range by multiple filters. By adopting tunable filter and HRM simultaneously, the overall harmonic rejection ratio (HRR) of over 65 dBc is obtained. The active feedback LTA utilizing a complementary characteristic of NMOS and PMOS is proposed for supporting multiple tuner applications. The proposed RF front-end achieves a maximum voltage gain of 42 dB, a minimum NF of 4.7 dB, and CTB and CSO of under -60 dBc. The power consumption including the LTA is 144 mW at a 1.8 V supply and the chip area is 1.43 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
STUDIES ON THE GERMINATION AND MOISTURE RELATIONSHIPS OF SUGARCANE SETTS (1964)

S ummary Studies were undertaken to elucidate the moisture relationships in germinating sugarcane setts * and the precise role of moisture in the early stages of germination. It was found that when the controlling effect of the apical meristem was removed by cutting the cane into individual, single‐budded setts, the water in the cane moved into the bud. It appeared that the meristemic cells of the bud (and root primordia) must attain a certain critical water content before they can start to sprout. Increasing the water content of setts increased the moisture in the bud and root primordia until they attained the critical level, when sprouting was hastened. Bud and root primordia appeared to compete for water in the sett. Removal of buds hastened the sprouting of root primordia. When the water content of setts was increased the inhibiting influence of buds on the sprouting of root primordia was nullified. At 96% relative humidity both buds and root primordia sprouted and grew out, but at 85% relative humidity, buds sprouted but root primordia did not. This disparity in the sprouting condition of buds and root primordia appeared to be due to the protective action of the bud‐scales. When the water content of the setts was increased both the buds and root primordia sprouted, but the latter dried up shortly thereafter. Experiments showed that the water in a sett was adequate for the germination of its buds and that, in the early stages, the role of soil water was only indirect.
Contrast media and enzyme inhibition. I. Cholinesterase (1983)

Cholinergic mechanisms, activated by the inhibition of the acetylcholine hydrolysing enzyme cholinesterase, may be responsible for many of the adverse effects of intravascular radiological contrast media. The relative cholinesterase-inhibiting activities of several conventional and new contrast media have been measured and significant differences are found. Some of the possible implications of these differences are discussed.
Improving the field emission of carbon nanotubes by lanthanum-hexaboride nano-particles decoration (2012)

Field emission of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was remarkably improved by lanthanum-hexaboride (LaB6) nano-particles (NPs) decoration. CNTs were grown on the silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition. Field emission of bare CNTs and LaB6-NPs decorated CNTs was carried out under same conditions. Physical, morphological, elemental, and graphitic nature changes were ascertained by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Raman analysis. LaB6-NPs decorated CNTs show significant reduction of turn-on electric-field from 3.0 to 2.1 V/μm. A remarkable improvement of more than six-fold from 2.05 to 13.19 mA/cm2 at a field of 4.6 V/μm was also observed in the current-density.
Compact Holographic Projection Display Using Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon Spatial Light Modulator (2016)

This paper presents a holographic projection display in which a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) performs three functions: beam shaping, image display, and speckle reduction. The functions of beam shaping and image display are performed by dividing the SLM window into four sub-windows loaded with different diffractive phase elements (DPEs). The DPEs are calculated using a modified iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA). The function of speckle reduction is performed using temporal integration of display images containing speckles. The speckle contrast ratio of the display image is 0.39 due to the integration of eight speckled images. The system can be extended to display full-color images also by using temporal addition of elementary color images. Because the system configuration needs only an SLM, a Fourier transform lens, and two mirrors, the system volume is very small, becoming a potential candidate for micro projectors.
Real-Time Rendering of Splashing Stream Water (2007)

We present a real-time method to simulate and render the turbulent flow and splash of stream water over irregular terrain and with dynamic rigid objects. In order to achieve real-time frame rates, we adopt a GPU-based particle system to perform the simulation, which can simulate interaction between water and dynamic rigid object in real time. We use 2D metaballs with billboards to represent the 3D water surface. Our billboard rendering method does not possess the traditional clipping artifact. Although our proposed method is not a direct physical simulation, the results are empirically plausible and efficient, and especially suitable for interactive graphics application such as computer games.
Plasma and platelet vasopressin in essential hypertension and congestive heart failure. (1983)

In this study we found that, in 31 normal subjects, close to 90% of circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP), measured by radioimmunoassay, was associated with platelets. By using routine methods of centrifugation, which do not completely separate platelets, the normal range of plasma vasopressin was higher by twofold than the normal range in platelet-free plasma prepared by differential centrifugation, which was 1.4 +/- 1.0 sd pg/ml. Platelet vasopressin was 12.9 +/- 5.7 pg/ml. Patients with congestive heart failure had, on average, an elevated platelet-free plasma AVP, as did two patients with thrombocytopenia and one with thrombocytosis. Patients with essential hypertension had slightly high levels of platelet-free plasma AVP and demonstrated an abnormal inverse relationship between platelet-free plasma AVP and serum osmolality. Immunoreactive platelet vasopressin was slightly low in patients with essential hypertension and was subnormal in patients with congestive heart failure. These studies demonstrate that platelets normally present in centrifuged plasma cause an overestimation of the plasma vasopressin levels. Until the physiological meaning of plasma and platelet-bound AVP is understood, studies of circulating vasopressin should probably assess both plasma and platelet AVP levels.
Neurogenic pain syndromes and their management (1991)

Neurogenic pain is defined as pain due to dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system, in the absence of nociceptor (nerve terminal) stimulation by trauma or disease. Other terms used to describe some (but not all) forms of neurogenic pain include neuropathic pain, deafferentation pain, and central pain; all these terms are subsumed into the wider expression 'neurogenic pain'. The clinical syndromes representing this type of disorder make up at least 25% of the patients attending most pain clinics. This is undoubtedly proportionately greater than its incidence in chronic pain as a whole, and is a measure of its intractability and of the therapeutic dilemma which it presents. However, neurogenic pain syndromes are much commoner than is perhaps generally recognized: when all categories are taken into account, there are probably more than 550,000 cases in the UK population of 56 million at any one time, i.e. a prevalence of about 1%.
Cerium oxide nanoparticle-mediated self-assembly of hybrid supramolecular hydrogels (2012)

Hybrid supramolecular hydrogels are prepared by non-enzymatic dephosphorylation of N-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl tyrosine-(O)-phosphate (FMOC-Tyr-P) using catalytic cerium oxide nanoparticles. The organic-inorganic hydrogels exhibit enhanced viscoelastic properties compared with analogous materials prepared using alkaline phosphatase.
A novel framework of register allocation for software pipelining (1993)

Although software pipelining has been proposed as one of the most important loop scheduling methods, simultaneous scheduling and register allocation is less understood and remains an open problem [28]. The objective of this paper is to develop a unified algorithmic framework for concurrent scheduling and register allocation to support time-optimal software pipelining. A key intuition leading to this surprisingly simple formulation and its efficient solution is the association of maximum computation rate of a program graph with its critical cycles due to Reiter's pioneering work on Karp-Miller computation graphs [29]. In particular, our method generalizes the work by Callahan, Carr and Kennedy on scalar expansion[6], the work by Lam on modular variable expansion for software pipelined loops [20], and the work by Rau et al. on register allocation for modulo scheduled loops[28].
Effects of Phytochemically Characterized Extracts From Syringa vulgaris and Isolated Secoiridoids on Mediators of Inflammation in a Human Neutrophil Model (2018)

<b>Aim of the study:</b> The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of phytochemically characterized extracts connected with the traditional use (infusions and ethanolic extracts) of different parts of <i>Syringa vulgaris</i> (common lilac) on the pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils. Active compounds were isolated from the most promising extract(s) using bioassay-guided fractionation, and their activity and molecular mechanisms of action were determined. <b>Methods:</b> The extracts were characterized using a HPLC-DAD- MS<sup>n</sup> method. The effects on ROS, MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1 production by neutrophils were measured using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The effects on p38MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK phosphorylation, and NF-<i>k</i>B p65 translocation were determined using western blots. <b>Results:</b> The major compounds detected in the extracts and infusions belong to structural groups, including caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and iridoids. All extracts and infusions were able to significantly reduce ROS and IL-8 production. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of the following secoiridoids: 2″-epiframeroside, oleonuezhenide, oleuropein, ligstroside, neooleuropein, hydroxyframoside, and framoside. Neooleuropein appeared to be the most active compound in the inhibition of cytokine production by attenuating the MAP kinase pathways. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study demonstrated that common lilac, which is a traditionally used medicinal plant in Europe, is a valuable source of active compounds, especially neooleuropein.
Experiments in piezostructure modal analysis for MIMO feedback control (1994)

An approximate method for modal analysis of a piezostructure testbed is used to generate a dynamic model for closed-loop, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) feedback controller design. An innovative pole-residue system model for structures instrumented with piezoelectric sensor and actuators is developed which is compatible with existing modal curve-fitting algorithms. The authors examine the use of the new pole-residue model in the absence of truly collocated response information. It is shown that nearly-collocated measurements may be used to estimate a structure's modal parameters; high-precision signal conditioning electronics required for exact drive-point response measurements are thereby avoided. A simply-supported plate is used to demonstrate the approximate piezostructure modal test approach. The test model is then used to design up to a four input, sixteen channel output MIMO feedback control experiment. Closed-loop results are presented which show that more than 10 dB of suppression is achieved near structural resonances within the control bandwidth (10-250 Hz).
The spectral background in electron excited Auger electron spectroscopy (1988)

Abstract The power law form of the secondary electron cascade from electron bombarded solids first suggested by Sickafus is explored both theoretically and experimentally. Backgrounds of the form AE − m are shown to result from a range of different theoretical models of the electron‐solid interaction in which generation of fast secondaries by electron Compton scattering and transport to the surface are treated separately. The precise value of the exponent m is seen to depend upon the balance between elastic scattering strength and the energy dependence of the inelastic mean free path. The experimental results for eight different samples with atomic numbers between 6 and 78 are reported. The constant A appears to be related to the number density of valence band electrons. The values of m fall within the range predicted by the theoretical arguments. The generality of the form AE − m to many materials is useful for the estimation of both the Auger back‐scattering co‐efficient and the energy dependence of the inelastic mean free path from measurement of the parameters A and m .
An interesting 0-cycle (2003)

The geometric and arithmetic properties of a smooth algebraic variety $X$ are reflected by the configuration of its subvarieties. A principal invariant of these are the Chow groups $\CH^p(X)$, defined to be the group of codimension-$p$ algebraic cycles modulo rational equivalence. For $p=1$ these groups are classical and well understood. For $p\dgeqq 2$ they are nonclassical in character and constitute a major area of study. In particular, it is generally difficult to decide whether a given higher codimension cycle is or is not rationally equivalent to zero. In their study of the moduli spaces of algebraic curves, C. Faber and R. Pandharipande introduced a canonical $0$-cycle $z_K$ on the product $X=Y\times Y$ of a curve $Y$ with itself. This cycle is of degree zero and Albanese equivalent to zero, and they asked whether or not it is rationally equivalent to zero. This is trivially the case when the genus $g=0,1,2$, and they proved that this is true when $g=3$. It is also the case when $Y$ is hyperelliptic or, conjecturally, when it is defined over a number field. We show that $z_K$ is not rationally equivalent when $Y$ is general and $g\dgeqq 4$. The proof is variational, and for it we introduce a new computational method using Shiffer variations. The condition $g\dgeqq 4$ enters via the property that the tangent lines to the canonical curve at two general points must intersect.
The Protein-disulfide Isomerase DsbC Cooperates with SurA and DsbA in the Assembly of the Essential β-Barrel Protein LptD (2010)

The assembly of the β-barrel proteins present in the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is poorly characterized. After translocation across the inner membrane, unfolded β-barrel proteins are escorted across the periplasm by chaperones that reside within this compartment. Two partially redundant chaperones, SurA and Skp, are considered to transport the bulk mass of β-barrel proteins. We found that the periplasmic disulfide isomerase DsbC cooperates with SurA and the thiol oxidase DsbA in the folding of the essential β-barrel protein LptD. LptD inserts lipopolysaccharides in the OM. It is also the only β-barrel protein with more than two cysteine residues. We found that surAdsbC mutants, but not skpdsbC mutants, exhibit a synthetic phenotype. They have a decreased OM integrity, which is due to the lack of the isomerase activity of DsbC. We also isolated DsbC in a mixed disulfide complex with LptD. As such, LptD is identified as the first substrate of DsbC that is localized in the OM. Thus, electrons flowing from the cytoplasmic thioredoxin system maintain the integrity of the OM by assisting the folding of one of the most important β-barrel proteins.
Identifying Security Critical Properties for the Dynamic Verification of a Processor (2017)

We present a methodology for identifying security critical properties for use in the dynamic verification of a processor. Such verification has been shown to be an effective way to prevent exploits of vulnerabilities in the processor, given a meaningful set of security properties. We use known processor errata to establish an initial set of security-critical invariants of the processor. We then use machine learning to infer an additional set of invariants that are not tied to any particular, known vulnerability, yet are critical to security.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of exchangeable protons. I. Fourier transform saturation-recovery and transfer of saturation of the tryptophan indole nitrogen proton (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance studies of exchangeable protons. I. Fourier transform saturation-recovery and transfer of saturation of the tryptophan indole nitrogen protonSusan Waelder, Lana Lee, and Alfred G. RedfieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 10, 2927–2928Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00843a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00843a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acid-Catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-Alkylation of Anilines with Styrenes:  An Improved Route to Chiral Anilines with Bulky Substituents (2005)

[reaction: see text] Reaction of para-substituted anilines with styrene derivatives at elevated temperatures, when catalyzed by CF3SO3H, results in highly chemoselective ortho-alkylation of the aniline. When R = H, dialkylation can be achieved by varying the ratio of styrene to aniline. Several different substituted anilines and styrenes were examined, and good yields (42-87%) were obtained, except in the case where electron-withdrawing substituents are present on the styrene.
Textract-a hardware based parallel text search system (1989)

As text databases become very large, conventional computers cannot provide satisfactory performance and the use of unconventional hardware organisations are necessary. Textract is a hardware accelerator used in conjunction with a normal computer. When such systems are connected with fast local area networks, large parallel systems can be built which can provide dramatic improvements in performance. Textract runs under UNIX on the SUN range of VME based workstations to provide an integrated text retrieval and management system. The system takes advantage of SUN's Network File System to allow distributed databases to be unified by initiating parallel, network wide searches. Textract is an information retrieval engine which has been specifically designed for fast linear searching, achieving high performance by using parallel search term processors.
Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 as a Target for Oxidant-Based Anticancer Therapies (2011)

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the stabilization of many oncoproteins that are required for the acquisition and maintenance of the so-called six major hallmarks of cancer cells. Various strategies have, therefore, been developed to inhibit the chaperone activity of Hsp90 and induce cancer cell death through the destabilization of its client proteins. Among these strategies, we have shown that generation of oxidative stress leads to the cleavage and deactivation of Hsp90. Because cancer cells are often deficient in antioxidant enzymes and exhibit higher basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than their normal counterparts, inducing a selective oxidative stress may be a promising approach for cancer treatment. Thus, many redox-modulating agents have, therefore, been developed or are undergoing clinical trials and Hsp90 represents a new target for oxidative stress-generating agents. The purpose of this article is to review the current state of knowledge about Hsp90 and the use of oxidative stress-generating agents in cancer treatment. We will illustrate the review with some of our results concerning the effects of oxidative stress on Hsp90 using various oxidative stress-generating systems based on different quinones in combination with a well-known reducing agent (i.e., ascorbate). Our results show that oxidative stress provokes the cleavage of Hsp90 in CML cells, as well as the degradation of its client protein Bcr-Abl and the deactivation of its downstream signaling pathways, namely MAPK and STAT5. Overall, these results highlight the potential interest of using oxidative stress to target Hsp90.