gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wound Irrigation with Tap Water (1998)

In this animal model, bacterial decontamination of simple lacerations was not compromised, and was actually improved using tap water irrigation. This is most likely due to the mechanical differences in the types of irrigation. In certain instances, such as with upper-extremity lacerations, tap water irrigation would likely be cheaper and less labor-intensive than irrigation with normal saline from a syringe.
Bias in the αβ T‐cell repertoire: implications for disease pathogenesis and vaccination (2011)

The naïve T-cell repertoire is vast, containing millions of unique T-cell receptor (TCR) structures. Faced with such diversity, the mobilization of TCR structures from this enormous pool was once thought to be a stochastic, even chaotic, process. However, steady and systematic dissection over the last 20 years has revealed that this is not the case. Instead, the TCR repertoire deployed against individual antigens is routinely ordered and biased. Often, identical and near-identical TCR repertoires can be observed across different individuals, suggesting that the system encompasses an element of predictability. This review provides a catalog of αβ TCR bias by disease and by species, and discusses the mechanisms that govern this inherent and widespread phenomenon.
Two-dimensional electron gas formed in a back-gated undoped heterostructure (1998)

By using a back-gate operation, a high-quality two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is formed in an undoped GaAs/AlGaAs inverted heterostructure. A high mobility of around 3×106 cm2/V s at 1.6 K is obtained for the structure without any compensating surface doping. The electron density is controllable down to 7×109 cm−2. The relation between electron density and mobility is studied for samples both with and without a surface gate. The obtained results indicate that background impurities and an inhomogeneity of the electric field coming from the surface govern the mobility in a low-electron-density region and that the interface inhomogeneity becomes important at a high electron density.
Architecture and Training Algorithm of The Adjusting Neural Network for Accurate Model Tuning. (1995)

Mathematical models used for control, such as for generating control references, have to be identical to the actual controlled objects to improve control accuracy. For this, their parameters are often tuned by model errors derived from the detected outputs of the controlled objects and calculated ones using the mathematical models. Therefore accurate identification between the model errors and appropriate tuning values of the parameters is necessary to complete tuning with small tuning numbers and no steady state errors.
Textbook of type 2 diabetes (2003)

Section I: Worldwide Demographics and Pathogenesis. Epidemiology and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (Type 2). Pathogenesis and prevention of Type 2 diabetes. Section II: Treatment Goals and Rationale: Non-pharmacological Management Considerations.Rationale and goals for glucose control in diabetes mellitus and glucose monitoring. Role of the diabetes educator in the management of diabetes mellitus. Nutritional management. Exercise in diabetes mellitus. Psychosocial aspects of diabetes mellitus.Section III: Pharmaceutical Treatment Guidelines and Approaches. Insulin secretion enhancers: sulfonylureas and meglitinides. Metformin. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Thiazolidinediones. Insulin treatment in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Combination therapiesfor Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Section IV: Complications. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (and lactic acidosis). Diabetic retinopathy and ocular complications. Renal dysfunction and nephropathy.Diabetic peripheral neuropathies. Diabetic foot ulcers and infections. Gastrointestinal and autonomic complications. Section V: Special Situations. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Children. Section VI: Obesity andCardiovascular Syndromes in Patients with Diabetes. The insulin resistance syndrome (Syndrome X) - including vascular abnormalities. Obesity - influence on diabetes and management. Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus and management of related disorders.Antihypertensive therapy in diabetes mellitus. Evaluation of patients with DM for cardiac and peripheral vascular disease. Section VII: Special Considerations. Surgery and anesthesia in diabetic patients. Geriatric considerations. Diabetes in ethnicpopulations. Diabetes mellitus secondary to drug, hormones and other endocrinopathies. Section VIII: Future Management Approaches. New devices and drugs on the horizon.
Total Knee Arthroplasty (1991)

The design features of an implant system can be crucial to the success of cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The implant system described in this study incorporates anatomic features including an asymmetric tibial tray that is smaller laterally than medially, and a deep trochlear-grooved femoral component. Two hundred consecutive primary total knees were implanted between October 18, 1985 and January 19, 1988 and were followed prospectively. One hundred ninety-two were implanted without cement. Clinical evaluation demonstrates good or excellent results in 96%, including a mean range of motion of 122 at two to four years after arthroplasty. Routine fluoroscopic spot roentgenograms have shown no complete radiolucency in this series of patients. Bone ingrowth was predictable if morselized autograft bone was interposed between implant and host bone. Implant retrievals demonstrated uniform bone ingrowth into the porous coating, increasing to 40% of the pore volume in the tibial tray at 27 months. Restoration of the normal kinematics appears to minimize the bone-implant stress permitting bone ingrowth fixation. The results of primary cementless TKA in this series is comparable to cemented TKA with the advantage of conserving bone stock.
Novel Schottky diode with selfaligned guard ring (1992)

A novel Schottky diode structure with selfaligned guard ring is proposed which allows 4–5 times improvement in breakdown voltage over that of the conventional metal overlap Schottky diode. The fabrication method using reactive ion etching (RIE) requires no additional masking step. Breakdown voltages are determined from the I–V curves of the fabricated devices. The results are in the range 200–250 V when the guard ring junction depth is larger than the etch depth.
IDENTIFICATION OF ALUMINUM SPECIES IN ACID FOREST SOIL SOLUTION ON THE BASIS OF A1 (1986)

A calibration system that fits the kinetic paths of formation of A1:F complexes is used here to investigate the speciation of Al in solutions prepared with large organic solutes of soil obtained by ultrafiltration of lysimeter water collected at monthly intervals in a forest stand of Picea abies in Solling. In addition, the same soil was used to obtain water equilibrium extracts that were investigated using the same technique for Al species. The results corresponding to the soil extracts are expressed in the form of profiles describing the concentration of various Al ionic species and their ligands; the results obtained indicate that organic ligands play a dynamic and quantitatively important role in defining the Al speciation in this soil. The technique presented here seems convenient to investigate the ligation and transport of Al in acid soils.
Effect of protonophore on growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1989)

When 20 microM of carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) were added to a M medium containing glucose as an energy source at pH 7.6, the Escherichia coli K12 strain 3301 was able to grow, whereas on the medium containing NaCl above 200 mM, the growth was remarkably suppressed by the addition of 20 microM CCCP. Furthermore, when glucose was replaced by either glycerol or lactate as an energy source, no growth occurred in the presence of 20 microM of CCCP. When glycerol was used as a substrate, O2 consumption by whole cells was observed in the presence of 20 microM of CCCP, but not in the case of lactate. We found that 14C-lactate uptake was completely inhibited by the addition of 20 microM of CCCP. The cells, which were incubated for 24 h on a M medium containing glucose in the presence of 20 microM of CCCP produced many more organic acids (mainly, acetate and lactate) than was the case in its absence. It appears that the influx process of external lactate when this was added as an energy source, was completely inhibited by addition of CCCP (20 microM), but the efflux process of lactate that was produced by glycolysis, was not influenced by this protonophore. On the other hand, it is suggested that on the hyposalts medium, a proton motive force (pmf) is not necessary for the growth of the strain 3301, whereas pmf is necessary for growth to occur.
Cloning, DNA nucleotide sequence and distribution of the gene encoding the SEF14 fimbrial antigen of Salmonella entevitidis (1993)

Monoclonal antibody 69/25, specific for the Salmonella enteritidis fimbrial antigen (SEF14), was used to screen a pUC-based S. enteritidis gene library and a positive clone was identified. Subcloning experiments demonstrated that a 584 bp DraI DNA fragment was the minimal chromosomal segment capable of directing SEF14 antigen expression. Western blotting of Escherichia coli recombinants identified a gene product of M(r) 16000 as a precursor to the M(r) 14300 mature fimbrial subunit protein. The DNA nucleotide sequence of the DraI fragment was determined and was shown to contain a single open reading frame with two potential f-Met start codons and a hydrophobic signal sequence. Downstream of a putative peptidase cleavage site, the deduced amino acid sequence showed considerable homology with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of what was originally described as the type 1 fimbrial subunit of Salmonella enteritidis and later redefined as SEF14. The gene encoding SEF14, designated as sefA, was shown to be limited in distribution to Salmonella blegdam, S. dublin, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum, S. moscow, S. pullorum, S. rostock, S. seremban and S. typhi, all belonging to Salmonella group D. However, expression of the SEF14 antigen was limited to S. dublin, S. enteritidis, S. moscow and S. blegdam. The nucleotide sequence of the sefA gene shared no homology with the Salmonella fimA gene encoding type 1 fimbriae, and these genes showed distinct patterns of distribution within salmonellae.
Band offset variations at Ge/GaAs (100) interfaces (1993)

We analyze the band offsets at Ge/GaAs (100) interfaces by internal photoemission, capacitance/voltage and current/voltage measurements. The conduction band offset varies with Ge growth temperature from −0.025 eV for 300 °C to 0.33 eV for 500 °C. We attribute these drastic offset variations to different microscopic interface configurations at the polar Ge/GaAs (100) heterojunction.
Compiler-directed type reconstruction for polymorphic languages (1993)

In tagless implementations of polymorphic langnages, the run-time types of data objects may not be completely determined at compile-time. With ML-like static type-checking, a static type template can be produced for each polymorphic function that may be instantiated at run-time according to the types of its actual arguments. Still, as noted in [5], it may not be possible to reconstruct the types of some objects that are hidden inside a closure. This creates problems for applications like garbage collection and source debugging that need to understand the entire run-time state of the-machine. In this paper, we present a compiler-directed type recc,nstruction scheme for ML-like languages that reconstructs cc,mplete type information of all objects at run-time without using universal type-tags. Our scheme explicitly propagates cc,mpiler generated hints at run-time whenever there is a danger of losing the type information otherwise. We show a cc,mpilation st rat egy to automatically detect, generate and propagate such hints and a type reconstruction algorithm tk.at uses them in the context of a source debugger [2] for tl.e Id language [10]. We also show several compiler optimization that reduce the run-time overhead of propagating these hints. 1
Low density carbon nanotube forest as an index-matched and near perfect absorption coating (2011)

We demonstrate broadband, near perfect absorption with a conformal coating of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) forest on an arbitrarily shaped surface. The complex refractive index of such a CNT forest is retrieved from the measured transmission and reflection spectra using Kramers-Kronig constrained variational analysis, which gives a typical value of neff = 1.04 + 0.01i at visible wavelengths. Therefore, when used as a conformal coating on an object, a thick layer of the CNT forest can provide an excellent impedance match to air and near perfect absorption, preventing any detectable light reflection and scattering from the object.
Groupamatic System:Overview, History of Development and Evaluation of Use (1981)

This paper presents an overview and history of the Groupamatic system from the original conception by C. Matte through the present Groupamatic 360-C and the Minigroupamatic. The report includes the results of a recent evaluation in which 79 centres throughout the world participated.
Speckle noise reduction in digital holography due to angular diversity by spatial light modulator (2012)

The reconstructed amplitude distribution of digital holography suffers from the contamination of speckle noise. We introduced and demonstrated an approach using phase SLM (spatial light modulator) to reduce speckle noise in digital holography. Multiple holograms were recorded through different illumination angle via SLM modulation. The speckle noise in the reconstructed image is suppressed by averaging these fields. The modulation interval of SLM exceeds the minimum angle of uncorrelated speckle pattern. Both reflective and transmissive experiments were conducted using USAF test target as the sample. The results show that the speckle noise was obviously suppressed and the contrast dropped to 36% of the initial value using 25 different angles. With the help of SLM modulation of illumination angle, the operation speed, accuracy and stability of the experiment has been greatly improved.
Relationship between radiation response and p53 status in human bladder cancer cells (1997)

Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene are found at high frequency in bladder cancer. There is strong evidence that p53 plays an important role in controlling the cell cycle after DNA damage by ionizing radiation. However, the effect of loss of p53 function on radiosensitivity is not yet clear. Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is the most common treatment for patients with invasive bladder cancer. Recently three bladder cancer cell lines have been established and this paper investigates the p53 status and clonogenic survival of these cell lines following irradiation. It was found that one line expresses wt p53 (UCRU-BL-13) and two lines contain a codon 72 polymorphism (UCRU-BL-17 and UCRU-BL-28). UCRU-BL-17 cells also contain a point mutation affecting codon 280. The level of p53 expression in the cell lines is clearly different, with UCRU-BL-17 expressing a higher level of p53 compared with UCRU-BL-13; UCRU-BL-28 expressed intermediate levels. The clonogenic survival of these cell lines has been determined. It was found that the line expressing a p53 mutation was more sensitive than those with wild type p53, providing support for a model in which loss of p53 function is associated with increased radiosensitivity, possibly due to reduced p53-dependent DNA repair.
A double-blind study of 1% metronidazole cream versus systemic oxytetracycline therapy for rosacea (1983)

In a randomized double-blind trial fifty-one patients with rosacea were treated for 2 months with either I% metronidazole cream and placebo tablets or with 250 mg oxytetracycline tablets taken twice daily, and placebo cream (the cream base). The patients were assessed before and at the end of the trial, using the following criteria: (1) overall clinical assessment, (2) lesion counts, (3) degree of erythema, (4) independent photographic evaluation, (5) patients' opinion. An improvement was shown in 90% of the patients of both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two treatments.
Basic solutions on shape complexity evaluation of STL data (2008)

Purpose of this paper is to present basic solutions on shape complexity, based on basic information of the STL data. Design/methodology/approach: Paper presents a few methods of mathematically evaluating the complexity of the shape. Methods vary from very simple based on the number of triangles in STL file, STL file size and the parts volume, to the more complex mathematical evaluation based on the basic relations of the STL data. Findings: We discovered that evaluation of shape complexity based only on basic data of STL data gives us some basic results on part complexity and can be used for further researches. Research limitations/implications: For parts with large block volume/part volume ratio and thinner parts with free form surfaces only the first method is suitable and gives suitable results. Practical implications: In a rapidly developing field of manufacturing technologies choosing the optimal manufacturing procedure is a difficult and crucial decision. Usually the decision is based on experience evaluation that is fast and can be optimal. Usually, this method produces goods results, but in some cases this method can lead to cost increases and reduced economic efficiency without us even knowing that. Therefore, it is crucial, that a fast and simple solution is developed, by which the optimal way of manufacturing can be determined. Originality/value: Choosing maximum efficient manufacturing processes on base of part complexity is a new perspective in manufacturing, which, properly evolved and complied can cause revolution in manufacturing optimization, especially in hybrid manufacturing processes.
On the security of XOR-method in biometric authentication systems (2006)

A biometric authentication system can be partitioned into a layer that ex-tracts common randomness out of a pair of related biometric sequences [Maurer, 1993] and a layer that masks a key sequence with this common randomness. We will analyze the performance of such a layered system first, and will show that an alternative method, the XOR-technique, is not always secure.
Synthesis and Pesticidal Activities of Phosphonate Analogs of Amino Acids (1986)

Phosphonate analogs of nine a-and o-amino acids and some their derivatives were synthesized and examined for pesticidal activities. 2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid showed a considerable activity as a herbicide against some lowland weeds.
Fluorinated Poly(α,<scp>l</scp>-glutamate)s (1996)

Poly(α,l-glutamate)s carrying C8, C10, and C12 fluorinated side chains were synthesized by polymerization of the corresponding amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. Contact angle measurements with water were used to assess the effects of fluorination on the surface energies of films of the resulting polypeptides. The wettability of the polymers was found to decrease with increasing fluorine content, as expected. A remarkably high contact angle (121°) was measured for the homopolymer carrying C12 fluorinated side chains, indicating a surface consisting of closely packed trifluoromethyl groups. Side chain crystallization, consistent with the formation of such a surface, was suggested by the results of X-ray diffraction and calorimetric measurements.
Post-translational Modification of H-Ras Is Required for Activation of, but Not for Association with, B-Raf (1996)

B-Raf is regulated by Ras protein and acts as a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase in PC12 cells and brain. Ras protein undergoes a series of post-translational modifications on its C-terminal CAAX motif, and the modifications are critical for its function. To elucidate the role of the post-translational modifications in interaction with, and activation of, B-Raf, we have analyzed a direct association between H-Ras and B-Raf, and constructed an in vitro system for B-Raf activation by H-Ras. By using methods based on inhibition of yeast adenylyl cyclase or RasGAP activity and by in vitro binding assays, we have shown that the segment of B-Raf corresponding to amino acid 1-326 binds directly to H-Ras with a dissociation constant (Kd) comparable to that of Raf-1 and that the binding is not significantly affected by the post-translational modifications. However, when the activity of B-Raf to stimulate MAP kinase was measured by using a cell-free system derived from rat brain cytosol, we observed that the unmodified form of H-Ras possesses an almost negligible activity to activate B-Raf in vitro compared to the fully modified form. H-RasSer-181,184 mutant, which was farnesylated but not palmitoylated, was equally active as the fully modified form. These results indicate that the post-translational modifications, especially farnesylation, are required for H-Ras to activate B-Raf even though they have no apparent effect on the binding properties of H-Ras to B-Raf.
A Phase II and Biomarker Study of Ramucirumab, a Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the VEGF Receptor-2, as First-Line Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer (2013)

Ramucirumab monotherapy may confer anticancer activity in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with an acceptable safety profile. Exploratory biomarker studies showed changes in circulating VEGF, PlGF, and sVEGFR-2 that are consistent with those seen with other anti-VEGF agents.
IκB kinase β inhibitor IMD-0354 suppresses airway remodelling in a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-sensitized mouse model of chronic asthma (2010)

IKKβ plays crucial roles in airway inflammation and remodelling in a chronic mouse model of asthma. A specific IKKβ inhibitor, IMD-0354, may be therapeutically beneficial for treating airway inflammation and remodelling in chronic asthma.
In-Field Labeling of Western Corn Rootworm Adults (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with Rubidium (2003)

Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 to determine the feasibility of mass marking western corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, with RbCl in the field. Results showed that application of rubidium (Rb) in solution to both the soil (1 g Rb/plant) and whorl (1 g Rb/plant) of corn plants was optimal for labeling western corn rootworm adults during larval development. Development of larvae on Rb-enriched corn with this technique did not significantly influence adult dry weight or survival. Rb was also highly mobile in the plant. Application of Rb to both the soil and the whorl resulted in median Rb concentrations in the roots (5,860 ppm) that were 150-fold greater than concentrations in untreated roots (38 ppm) 5 wk after treatment. Additionally, at least 90% of the beetles that emerged during the first 3 wk were labeled above the baseline Rb concentration (5 ppm dry weight) determined from untreated beetles. Because emergence was 72% complete at this time, a significant proportion of the population had been labeled. Results from laboratory experiments showed that labeled beetles remained distinguishable from unlabeled beetles for up to 4 d postemergence. The ability to efficiently label large numbers of beetles under field conditions and for a defined period with virtually no disruption of the population provides an unparalleled opportunity to conduct mark-recapture experiments for quantifying the short-range, intrafield movement of adult corn rootworms.
Moderate Alcohol Intake, Increased Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein and Its Subfractions, and Decreased Risk of Myocardial Infarction (1993)

These data confirm the inverse association of moderate alcohol intake with the risk of myocardial infarction and support the view that the effect is mediated, in large part, by increases in both HDL2 and HDL3.