gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparan Sulfate-mediated Cell Aggregation (1995)

Because syndecans are present at sites of cell-cell contact in vivo it has been hypothesized that they play a role in mediating cell-cell adhesion. However, there has been no direct evidence to support this notion. To address this question, B lymphoid (ARH-77) cells were transfected with the cDNA for murine syndecan-1. Unlike the parental cells, the transfectants form large multicellular aggregates in suspension cultures and stain intensely for syndecan-1 at sites of cell-cell contact. Using rotation-mediated aggregation assays, we find that aggregation of syndecan-1-transfected cells is dependent on divalent cations and is inhibited by the following: (i) addition of heparin and heparin-like glycosaminoglycans, (ii) removal of heparan sulfate from the cell surface, or (iii) addition of exogenous purified syndecan-1. Mixing of syndecan-1-transfected and control-transfected cells results in aggregates containing both cell types indicating that aggregation occurs through a heterophilic adhesion mechanism in which heparan sulfate chains bind to a counter-receptor present on these cells. Importantly, syndecan-4-transfected cells also aggregate in a heparan sulfate-dependent manner, while in contrast, betaglycan-transfected cells aggregate poorly. Thus, syndecans may be important mediators of cell-cell adhesion, but this function may not be common to all transmembrane heparan sulfate-bearing proteoglycans.
iPS cell modeling of Best disease: insights into the pathophysiology of an inherited macular degeneration (2012)

Best disease (BD) is an inherited degenerative disease of the human macula that results in progressive and irreversible central vision loss. It is caused by mutations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) gene BESTROPHIN1 (BEST1), which, through mechanism(s) that remain unclear, lead to the accumulation of subretinal fluid and autofluorescent waste products from shed photoreceptor outer segments (POSs). We employed human iPS cell (hiPSC) technology to generate RPE from BD patients and unaffected siblings in order to examine the cellular and molecular processes underlying this disease. Consistent with the clinical phenotype of BD, RPE from mutant hiPSCs displayed disrupted fluid flux and increased accrual of autofluorescent material after long-term POS feeding when compared with hiPSC-RPE from unaffected siblings. On a molecular level, RHODOPSIN degradation after POS feeding was delayed in BD hiPSC-RPE relative to unaffected sibling hiPSC-RPE, directly implicating impaired POS handling in the pathophysiology of the disease. In addition, stimulated calcium responses differed between BD and normal sibling hiPSC-RPE, as did oxidative stress levels after chronic POS feeding. Subcellular localization, fractionation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments in hiPSC-RPE and human prenatal RPE further linked BEST1 to the regulation and release of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. Since calcium signaling and oxidative stress are critical regulators of fluid flow and protein degradation, these findings likely contribute to the clinical picture of BD. In a larger context, this report demonstrates the potential to use patient-specific hiPSCs to model and study maculopathies, an important class of blinding disorders in humans.
Mining exception instances to facilitate workflow exception handling (2003)

The importance of exception handling within the context of workflow management has been widely recognized. While some exceptions are expected at design time and thus can be incorporated into the workflow design via some flexible mechanism, others are totally unexpected. Previous work in handling unexpected workflow exceptions focuses on the run-time support to, for example, allow the rollback of some already completed activities, validate the correctness of dynamic workflow change, and deploy a solution to handle exceptions. Authorized persons are responsible for deriving solutions to handle exceptions. We propose a novel approach to facilitating users in proposing solutions for resolving a given exception. Specifically, our approach scans through the previous records in handling exceptions, looking for those that are close to the current exception. The ways in which those exceptions were handled serve as useful information in determining how to handle the current one. Several algorithms are proposed and evaluated through both theoretical analysis and a synthetic data set.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2001)

ardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a new field in cardiology.CMR has enormous potential because of its major attributes of high image quality and resolution combined with non-ionising radiation and versatility.With recent major technological advances there has been a quantum leap in acquisition speed and image quality that makes its use in ischaemic heart disease robust and clinically valuable.This review will focus on the current clinical indications for CMR, starting with those that are well established, and moving on to the developing indications that are expected to reach clinical maturity soon; finally, the less advanced uses of CMR will be briefly summarised.
Characterization of alpha-isopropylmalate synthases containing different copy numbers of tandem repeats in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2009)

The differences in the kinetic properties and the l-leucine feedback inhibition between the two M. tuberculosis alpha-IPMS proteins containing low and high numbers of VNTR indicate that a large VNTR insertion affects protein structure and function. Demonstration of l-leucine binding to alpha-IPMS-14CR would confirm whether or not alpha-IPMS-14CR responds to end-product feedback inhibition.
Tissue condition and growth rate of corals associated with schooling fish1 (1985)

Juvenile french and white grunts ( Haemulon flavolineatum and Haemulon plumieri ) form diurnal resting schools over colonies of Porites furcata and Acropora palmata in St. Croix. We studied the effect of these grunts on the tissue composition and growth rate of corals, Porites furcata colonies with grunts had significantly more tissue cm −2 , N cm −2 and zooxanthellae cm− 2 than colonies without grunts. Acropora palmata colonies with grunts also showed elevated amounts of N cm −2 and P cm −2 . Seasonal changes were also observed in these parameters and in coral growth rates and skeletal density, apparently related to light availability. Several measures of coral growth rate were significantly greater in P. furcata colonies with grunts. Grunts were removed from two colonies, and growth rates before and after removal were compared to rates in reference colonies. Before removal most growth rate measures were greater in the colonies with grunts; after removal growth rates were lower or not significantly different. These data demonstrate that schools of resident fishes can stimulate coral growth, perhaps by providing nitrogen supplements.
Emmetropization: a vision-dependent phenomenon. (1981)

Anomalous visual experience during development has been shown to induce myopia in several species of animals. A retrospective analysis of refractive error among humans subjected to various ocular anomalies that disrupt pattern vision revealed a significant degree of myopia. This result suggests that emmetropization is a vision-dependent phenomenon.
<title>Update on the use of digital micromirror devices in quantitative microscopy</title> (1999)

There are many different modes of microscopy, and all of these modes deliver light in a controlled fashion to the object to be examined and collect as much of the light containing the desired information about the object as possible. The system being presented replaces the simple irises of a conventional microscope with digital micromirror devices (DMDs, made by Texas Instruments) to produce a digital microscope. The DMDs are placed in the optical path at positions corresponding to the field and aperture diaphragms of a conventional microscope. This allows for more precise and flexible control over the spatial location, amount, and angles of the illumination light, and the light to be collected. This digital microscope will improve existing modes of microscopy, specifically in quantitative microscopy. Using the intensity modulation feature of the DMDs, the system can correct for inhomogeneous illumination sources to achieve uniform distributions. In various configurations, one can perform brightfield, darkfield, confocal and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, new microscopy modes will be possible, such as reconstruction microscopy. Utilizing the fast switching times of the mirrors (under 20 microseconds), one can switch between modes efficiently.
openEyes (2006)

Eye tracking has long held the promise of being a useful methodology for human computer interaction. However, a number of barriers have stood in the way of the integration of eye tracking into everyday applications, including the intrusiveness, robustness, availability, and price of eye-tracking systems. To lower these barriers, we have developed the openEyes system. The system consists of an open-hardware design for a digital eye tracker that can be built from low-cost off-the-shelf components, and a set of open-source software tools for digital image capture, manipulation, and analysis in eye-tracking applications. We expect that the availability of this system will facilitate the development of eye-tracking applications and the eventual integration of eye tracking into the next generation of everyday human computer interfaces. We discuss the methods and technical challenges of low-cost eye tracking as well as the design decisions that produced our current system.
점중부하운동시 비만아동의 심호흡계 반응 (2001)

본 논문의 목적은 비만 아동의 사이클 에르고미토를 이용한 운동 부하 검사 시 심호흡계의 반응 특성을 알아보기 위한 것으로서, 비만 아동 15명과, 정상 체중 아동 15명을 선발하여 점증적 운동 부하 검사를 통한 개스 분석을 실시하였다. 운동 프로토콜은 McMaster protocol을 사용하였고, 운동시 호기 가스를 통하여 VE, BF, RER, VO_2, VCO_2, HR 등의 변인들을 조사하였으며, independent t-test를 이용하여 두 집단간 비교를 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다.
1) 최대 환기량은 비만 아동 집단과 정상 체중 집단이 각각 51.15±14.37, 51.56±10.85 (L/min)로, 정상 체중군에서 약간 높게 나타났으나, 거의 비슷한 수치로, 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다.
2) 최고 호흡수는 비만 아동 집단과 정상 체중 집단이 각각 63.13±10.93, 63.58±10.71 회로, 정상 체중군에서 약간 높게 나타났으나 거의 비슷한 수치로, 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다. 
3) 최고 산소 섭취량은 비만 아동 그룹과 정상 체중 집단이 각각 1.29±0.36, 1.23±0.37 L/min로, 비만 아동군에서 약간 높게 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다.
4) 체중당 최고 산소 섭취량은 비만 아동 그룹과 정상 체중 집단이 각각 26.53±5.21, 32.09±7.35 ml/kg/min으로 정상 아동군에서 높게 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의하였다 (p<.05).
5) 최고 호흡 교환율은 비만 아동 그룹과 정상 체중 집단이 각각 1.15±0.11, 1.17±0.00 회로, 거의 비슷한 수치로, 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다. 
6) 최고 심박수는 비만 아동 그룹과 정상 체중 집단이 각각 186.4±12.16, 191.17±7.78 bpm으로, 정상 체중 아동군이 약간 높게 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다.
7) 운동 시간은 비만 아동 그룹과 정상 체중 집단이 각각 9.04±1.70, 8.01±1.11 분으로, 비만 아동군이 약간 높게 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다. 
이러한 결과들을 볼 때 비체중 부하 운동인 사이클링 운동시 비만 아동의 심호흡계 반응은 정상 체중 아동과 차이가 없으며, 운동 종목 및 실시 형태에 따라 비만 아동에게 유리한 운동과 불리한 운동이 있으므로 비만 아동의 체력적 특성을 규정하는데 주의를 요한다.
Dialysis: A Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Complications in the Management of Chronic Renal Failure (2017)

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the most prevalent, worldwide public health problem of the elderly population. The main cause of CRF is a damaged kidney. There are five stages of CRF based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and stage 5 (GFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>) is often called an end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In CRF, there is an accumulation of toxins and excess water due to compromised renal function. Dialysis is the preferred way to treat ESRD and remove accumulated toxins from the body. The cardiovascular risk associated with dialysis is 10 to 20 times higher in patients undergoing dialysis than in normal people. The inflamed kidneys and the process of dialysis also affect endothelial function, aggravating the risk of hypertension and cardiac problems. Therefore, both physicians and patients should be aware of the consequences of undergoing dialysis. There is an urgent need to educate CRF patients regarding facts about the disease, medications, dietary habits, and various measures required to manage the condition and lead a normal life. This paper attempts to delineate the mechanisms that could result in cardiovascular and other complications among CRF patients undergoing dialysis.
Action of danazol on plasma lipids and lipoprotein metabolism. (1994)

Danazol, a weakly androgenic, heterocyclic compound with anabolic properties, is used primarily in the treatment of endometriosis and other gynecological complaints. Early reports indicated that the drug had little effect on plasma lipid (cholesterol and triglyceride) levels but recently concern has been expressed over more subtle changes reported in plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism after danazol treatment. Therapy produces a rapid reduction in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (particularly in the putatively cardioprotective HDL2 subfraction) coupled with a rise in the pro-atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL). These apparently unwanted actions are balanced against a possibly beneficial reduction in the atherogenic lipoprotein(a) fraction. The mechanism of these changes induced by danazol is unknown but probably relates to effects on hepatic lipase, LDL receptor and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity. While it is prudent to recognize the potential detriment that may follow these perturbations, concern is only warranted where therapy is prolonged (> 12 months) or given to subjects with a high background risk of ischemic heart disease.
Synthesis and performance enhancement of novel polybenzoxazines with low surface free energy (2011)

Abstract A new siloxane‐imide‐containing benzoxazine, BZ‐A6, has been successfully synthesized. The thermal properties of the polybenzoxazine (PBZ) prepared from BZ‐A6 (PBZ‐A6) are superior to those of conventional PBZs lacking siloxane groups. The normally brittle PBZs are toughened significantly as a result of adding siloxane‐imide moieties. Moreover, the thermal and UV stabilities of the surface free energy of PBZ‐A6 are dramatically improved over the conventional bisphenol‐A‐type PBZ. Siloxane‐imide PBZs are more suitable for application as low‐surface‐free‐energy materials that are highly resistant to temperature and UV radiation. PBZ‐A6 may also be useful in weather‐resistant and self‐cleaning coating materials because of its low surface free energy and good thermal and UV resistance. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Nucleosides and Nucleotides. Part 35. Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of 5‐Fluoropyrimidine Nucleosides and Nucleotides of 3‐Deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranose and Related Compounds. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The influence of oral contraceptives on the risk of multiple sclerosis (1998)

These findings do not suggest a greatly elevated risk of multiple sclerosis during, or after, use of combined oral contraceptives.
A new schedule-controlled strategy for charging large number of EVs with load shifting and voltage regulation (2015)

Electric vehicles (EVs) is an attractive solution to replace traditional petrol cars. The penetration of EVs posts a challenge for power systems since it would inevitably incur undesirable voltage drops. EV load shedding can be performed to regulate the grid voltage. The EV charging location is also an important factor when shifting the EV loads. This paper presents a new schedule-controlled framework with the aims of load shifting and voltage regulation to control EV charging operations for radial distribution networks. The new strategy consists of two stages, of which the initial phase performs EV scheduling in consideration of both EV constraints and power system limitations, and the second control layer checks for voltage violations with essential EV rescheduling. A voltage sensitivity analysis method is employed to alleviate the impacts of EV charging locations. The control scheme is evaluated through a modified standard IEEE 33 nodes test feeder. The results demonstrate the control scheme can effectively satisfy normal demands of EVs and achieve the voltage regulation purpose.
Measurement of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in a new cell line transfected with a functional human TSH receptor (JPO9 cells), compared with an assay using FRTL‐5 cells (1994)

The JPO9 cells provide similar diagnostic information to FRTL-5 cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. However, because they are more sensitive, grow faster, have less fastidious growth requirements and respond to unextracted sera, compared to FRTL-5 cells, we conclude that the JPO9 cells are preferable for the measurement of TSAb.
Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions between Myc and the eIF4F Complex Impedes Tumorigenesis (2012)

The energetically demanding process of translation is linked to multiple signaling events through mTOR-mediated regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4F complex assembly. Disrupting mTOR constraints on eIF4F activity can be oncogenic and alter chemotherapy response, making eIF4F an attractive antineoplastic target. Here, we combine a newly developed inducible RNAi platform and pharmacological targeting of eIF4F activity to define a critical role for endogenous eIF4F in Myc-dependent tumor initiation. We find elevated Myc levels are associated with deregulated eIF4F activity in the prelymphomatous stage of the Eμ-Myc lymphoma model. Inhibition of eIF4F is synthetic lethal with elevated Myc in premalignant pre-B/B cells resulting in reduced numbers of cycling pre-B/B cells and delayed tumor onset. At the organismal level, eIF4F suppression affected a subset of normal regenerating cells, but this was well tolerated and rapidly and completely reversible. Therefore, eIF4F is a key Myc client that represents a tumor-specific vulnerability.
Ultra-wideband GCPW-MS transitions for characterising microwave and photonic components based on thin polymer (2011)

Back-to-back grounded coplanar-microstrip transitions with an unpatterned bottom ground plane and without via-holes are analysed. Theoretical results are compared to experimental ones. In addition to the very broad measured bandwidth of 40 GHz, they have a remarkably lower cutoff frequency of only 200 MHz. Such transitions are suitable, for instance, for on-wafer characterisation of very wideband microwave photonic packaged components built on thin film materials.
A failure-to-safety "Kyozon" system with simple contact detection and stop capabilities for safe human-autonomous robot coexistence (2002)

In this paper, we discuss a method to achieve safe autonomous robot system coexistence (or Kyozon in Japanese). First, we clarify human pain tolerance and point out that a robot working next to an operator should be covered with a soft material. Thus, we propose a concept and a design method of covering a robot with a viscoelastic material to achieve both impact force attenuation and contact sensitivity, keeping within the human pain tolerance limit. We stress the necessity of a simple robot system from the viewpoint of reliability. We provide a method of sensing contact force without any force sensors by monitoring the direct drive motor current and velocity of the robot. Finally, we covered a two-link arm manipulator with the optimum soft covering material, and applied the developed manipulator system to practical coexistence tasks.
Exploiting Cellular Networks for Road Traffic Estimation: A Survey and a Research Roadmap (2009)

In this contribution we address the problem of using cellular network signaling for inferring real-time road traffic information. We survey and categorize the approaches that have been proposed in the literature for a cellular-based road monitoring system and identify advantages and limitations. We outline a unified framework that encompasses UMTS and GPRS data collection in addition to GSM, and prospectively combines passive and active monitoring techniques. We identify the main research challenges that must be faced in designing and implementing such an intelligent road traffic estimation system via third-generation cellular networks.
Cadherin-dependent mechanotransduction depends on ligand identity but not affinity (2012)

This study investigates the relationship between classical cadherin binding affinities and mechanotransduction through cadherin-mediated adhesions. The mechanical properties of cadherin-dependent intercellular junctions are generally attributed to differences in the binding affinities of classical cadherin subtypes that contribute to cohesive energies between cells. However, cell mechanics and mechanotransduction may also regulate intercellular contacts. We used micropipette measurements to quantify the two-dimensional affinities of cadherins at the cell surface, and two complementary mechanical measurements to assess ligand-dependent mechanotransduction through cadherin adhesions. At the cell surface, the classical cadherins investigated in this study form both homophilic and heterophilic bonds with two-dimensional affinities that differ by less than threefold. In contrast, mechanotransduction through cadherin adhesions is strongly ligand dependent such that homophilic, but not heterophilic ligation mediates mechanotransduction, independent of the cadherin binding affinity. These findings suggest that ligand-selective mechanotransduction may supersede differences in cadherin binding affinities in regulating intercellular contacts.
Phosphor-in-glasses composites containing light diffusers for high color uniformity of white-light-emitting diodes (2015)

ZrO2 light diffuser layers was placed on phosphor-in-glass composites (PiGs) to improve color uniformity of white-light-emitting diodes (white LEDs). Color coordinates of central part and periphery of white LEDs were (0.34, 0.38) and (0.36, 0.43), respectively; difference between two area decreases with the introduction of a diffuser layer. Color temperature difference also decreased from 770 to 464 K. The addition of diffuser layers reduced the luminous efficacy of the white LEDs from 90.3 to 83.4 lm/W.
Identification of biomarkers for the antiangiogenic and antitumour activity of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) inhibitor tetrathiomolybdate (ATN-224) (2008)

Tetrathiomolybdate (choline salt; ATN-224), a specific, high-affinity copper binder, is currently being evaluated in several phase II cancer trials. ATN-224 inhibits CuZn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) leading to antiangiogenic and antitumour effects. The pharmacodynamics of tetrathiomolybdate has been followed by tracking ceruloplasmin (Cp), a biomarker for systemic copper. However, at least in mice, the inhibition of angiogenesis occurs before a measurable decrease in systemic copper is observed. Thus, the identification and characterisation of other biomarkers to follow the activity of ATN-224 in the clinic is of great interest. Here, we present the preclinical evaluation of two potential biomarkers for the activity of ATN-224: (i) SOD activity measurements in blood cells in mice and (ii) levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in bonnet macaques treated with ATN-224. The superoxide dismutase activity in blood cells in mice is rapidly inhibited by ATN-224 treatment at doses at which angiogenesis is maximally inhibited. Furthermore, ATN-224 dosing in bonnet macaques causes a profound and reversible decrease in EPCs without significant toxicity. Thus, both SOD activity measurements and levels of EPCs may be useful biomarkers of the antiangiogenic activity of ATN-224 to be used in its clinical development.