gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of reconcile (fluoxetine) chewable tablets plus behavior management for canine separation anxiety. (2007)

Canine separation anxiety is a common behavioral problem presented to veterinarians. Associated behaviors are distressing to both dog and owner, have the potential to disrupt the human-companion animal bond, and may lead to euthanasia. The results of this study demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of Reconcile (fluoxetine, 1 to 2 mg/kg/day [0.45 to 0.91 mg/lb/day]), in conjunction with behavior management, for the treatment of canine separation anxiety. The beef flavored chewable formulation was palatable to treated dogs and easy to administer. This study provides to veterinarians and owners valuable information about an effective separation anxiety treatment plan that combines use of Reconcile with behavior modification.
Automated analysis of Doppler ultrasound velocity flow diagrams (2001)

A highly automated method for the identification and quantization of maximum blood velocity curves from Doppler ultrasound flow diagrams is presented. The method uses an image processing scheme to analyze video-recorded image sequences of flow diagrams. The sequences are acquired, a sequence of images relating to chronological cardiac cycles is extracted, and a maximum blood velocity envelope is determined and quantified. The results are verified against hand-traced reference curves. Excellent correlation of r = 0.99 is achieved.
Exploring Round-Trip Engineering Capabilities for Satellite Flight Software Projects (2006)

This work reports the use of an Integrated-Computer Aided Software Engineering-Environment (I-CASE-E) tailored for real time applications modeling and preliminary code development of satellite flight software as a safety-critical system. The UML modeling of satellite flight software has been addressed by basic functions. An incremental software development, based in the 4+1 architectural views, can be effectively attained even at high-level models. This tends to contribute to a higher software quality and shorter and more predictable delivery cycles. A model-driven approach was taken, which supports round-trip engineering enabling model consistency and risk mitigation. To keep the approach general, the satellite under consideration has a 3-axis stabilized bus with a generic payload.
Understanding Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Contrast Mechanisms on Metal Oxides: A Case Study (2013)

A comprehensive analysis of contrast formation mechanisms in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments on a metal oxide surface is presented with the oxygen-induced (2√2×√2)R45° missing row reconstruction of the Cu(100) surface as a model system. Density functional theory and electronic transport calculations were combined to simulate the STM imaging behavior of pure and oxygen-contaminated metal tips with structurally and chemically different apexes while systematically varying bias voltage and tip-sample distance. The resulting multiparameter database of computed images was used to conduct an extensive comparison with experimental data. Excellent agreement was attained for a large number of cases, suggesting that the assumed model tips reproduce most of the commonly encountered contrast-determining effects. Specifically, we find that depending on the bias voltage polarity, copper-terminated tips allow selective imaging of two structurally distinct surface Cu sites, while oxygen-terminated tips show complex contrasts with pronounced asymmetry and tip-sample distance dependence. Considering the structural and chemical stability of the tips reveals that the copper-terminated apexes tend to react with surface oxygen at small tip-sample distances. In contrast, oxygen-terminated tips are considerably more stable, allowing exclusive surface oxygen imaging at small tip-sample distances. Our results provide a conclusive understanding of fundamental STM imaging mechanisms, thereby providing guidelines for experimentalists to achieve chemically selective imaging by properly selecting imaging parameters.
An efficient method for computing exact path delay fault coverage (1995)

We describe algorithms and data structures for accurate and efficient computation of path delay fault coverage. Our method uses an interval-based representation of consecutively numbered path delay faults. We describe a modified 2-3 tree data structure to store and manipulate these intervals to keep track of tested faults. Some results obtained using non-robust simulation of benchmark circuits suggest the viability of this approach. >
Plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots and applications for white LEDs (2014)

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been prepared for the first time using raw plant leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) by a facile, hydrothermal method at 300 °C for 8 hours in water, without the need of any passivizing, reducing agents or organic solvents. High resolution transmission electron microscope studies showed that the average sizes of the GQDs from Neem (N-GQDs) and Fenugreek (F-GQDs) were 5 and 7 nm respectively. N-GQDs and F-GQDs exhibit high quantum yields of 41.2% and 38.9% respectively. Moreover, the GQDs were utilized to prepare a white light converting cap based on the red-green-blue (RGB) color mixing method.
Remodeling of Vertebral Bone After Outer Anular Injury in Sheep (1996)

Subchondral trabecular bone appears to be sensitive to changes in the disc after outer anular injury. There is evidence that these structural changes are influenced by changes in the biomechanical behavior of the incised disc.
Coupling Enterprise Systems with Wireless Sensor Nodes: Analysis, Implementation, Experiences and Guidelines (2006)

Abstract. This paper presents an approach for closely coupling enterprise systems and tiny wireless sensor nodes that are embedded into physical items. Coupling is done by implementing services from the enterprise system on the wireless sensor node system and by letting part of the business logic run on the nodes. The paper analyses concrete application scenarios and discusses implications of this approach. The discussion is underpinned by implementation and testing of demonstration applications. The collected experiences lead to four guidelines a designer of such a system should follow. 1
Measuring elasticity of biological materials by atomic force microscopy (1998)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has proved its value not only for resolving the topographical structure of biological samples, but also for probing inherent properties of biological structures, like local interaction forces, mechanical properties or dynamics in a natural (physiological) environment. This minireview focuses on the acquisition of elasticity data of biomaterials by AFM. A possible theoretical model is presented, followed by a practical 'how to do it with AFM', and, finally, a brief overview of publications in this field is given.
A garden of Notch-ly delights (2006)

Over the past decade, the Notch signaling pathway has been shown to be crucially important for normal metazoan development and to be associated with several human inherited and late onset diseases. The realization that altered Notch signaling contributes at various levels to human disease lead in May to the first meeting dedicated solely to Notch signaling in vertebrate development and disease in Madrid, Spain. Hosted by the Cantoblanco Workshops on Biology and organized by Tom Gridley, José Luis de la Pompa and Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte, the meeting covered diverse aspects of this important signaling pathway.
Real-time motion stereo (2002)

A simple parallel algorithm for calculating depth from motion stereo is implemented. It makes the assumption that the incremental disparity is less than the minimum distance between edges. To relax this constraint, a more general multiscale pyramidal algorithm is developed. The two algorithms are tested on the Simon Fraser University pyramidal vision machine for real-time computer vision applications. The total processing time is 50 ms/image for the simple algorithm and approximately 0.5 s/image for the multiscale algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Apoptotic Pathway Induced by Nerve Growth Factor-mediated TrkA Activation in Medulloblastoma (2000)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces apoptosis in a human medulloblastoma cell line (MED283) engineered to express TrkA (MED283-TrkA) (Muragaki, Y., Chou, T. T., Kaplan, D. R., Trojanowski, J. Q., and Lee, V. M. (1997) J. Neurosci. 17, 530-542). To dissect the molecular signaling pathway that mediates this novel effect, specific receptor mutations in Trk have been employed. We showed that phosphorylation of tyrosine 490 is required for activation of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase, whereas phosphorylation of tyrosine 785 is required for activation of phospholipase C-gamma. TrkA-mediated apoptosis was abolished when either the ATP-binding site or both tyrosines 490 and 785 were mutated. Because tyrosines 490 and 785 mediate redundant signaling through the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) pathway, we examined the role of Ras-ERK signaling in NGF-induced apoptosis. We found that MED283-TrkA cells expressing a dominant negative Ras inhibitor (N17Ras) failed to undergo ERK activation and apoptosis following NGF treatment, whereas the ERK kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 eliminated ERK activation but had no effect on apoptosis. We infer from these data that NGF-induced apoptosis is mediated by a novel Ras and/or Raf signaling pathway.
Guided waves on a planar tensor impedance surface (2003)

Guided wave mode propagation constants are determined for an infinite planar surface characterized by an anisotropic impedance tensor. Restrictions on the tensor elements implied by the imposition of a passivity requirement are presented. The conditions under which E and H modes can exist are determined. The special case of a lossless surface is considered.
Conceptual Design Aspects of Three General Sub-Classes of Multi-Rotor Configurations: Distributed, Modular, and Heterogeneous (2015)

Quadcopters and other multi-rotor configurations are poised to make a substantial contribution to commercial and public service aviation. Small multi-rotor configurations already see almost ubiquitous use as radio-controlled toys and hobbyist platforms. In particular, their use as flying cameras has seen rapid adoption by the public. But their greatest contribution to our society may likely be seen in public service missionsapplications. Their potential utility for supporting emergency response missions is discussed in some detail. The multi-rotor design space is then explored from high-level perspective with the emphasis on distributed, modular, and heterogeneous multi-rotor systems. Following this design space examination, a number of specific, detailed technical issues related multi-rotor conceptual design and sizing is also considered.
An environment adaptive ZigBee-based indoor positioning algorithm (2010)

Lately, there has been significant progress in the field of wireless communications and networking. Furthermore, the number of applications that require context information as the user's location will increase in the coming years. However, this issue still has not been solved indoors due to the RF (Radio Frequency) signals' behaviour in this kind of scenarios. In this paper, we present a robust, easy to deploy and flexible indoor localization system based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks. It is important to mention that our localization system is based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) level measurements since this information can be obtained directly from the messages exchanged between nodes, so no extra hardware is required. Our localization system consists of two phases: calibration and localization. Anytime a blind node needs to be located, our system performs calibration using a matrices system, so that the environment can be characterized, taking into account possible changes on it since the last request. Then, in the localization phase, the central server processes all the information and calculates the blind node's position with the new iterative algorithm we present. With this indoor positioning algorithm we can estimate the blind node's position with a good resolution (3 m average error), so we can say that this ZigBee localization algorithm provides very promising results.
Physiological role of he endothelin system in human cardiovascular and renal haemodynamics (1997)

Based on studies with a number of endothelin antagonists, endothelin-1 is now known to play a key physiological role in the maintenance both of basal systemic vascular resistance and of blood pressure in healthy people. Factors that regulate activity of the vascular endothelin system, and its physiological effects on the heart and kidney, now need to be determined.
<title>Chromophore detection by fluorescence spectroscopy in tissue-like phantoms</title> (1997)

In the near-infrared spectral region (700 - 900 nm) light penetrates a few centimeters into tissues and hemoglobin dominates the absorption. Consequently, in vivo near-infrared tissue absorption spectroscopy becomes difficult for endogenous compounds of biological interest other than hemoglobin. Exogenous chromophore detection by fluorescence spectroscopy has the potential to provide enhanced sensitivity and specificity for in vivo optical tissue spectroscopy, facilitating the study of many important metabolites in tissues other than hemoglobin. We have performed measurements of the dc fluorescence intensity generated by a fluorophore (rhodamine B) homogeneously dissolved inside a highly scattering tissue-simulating phantom (aqueous suspension of titanium-dioxide particles). The phantom was prepared with optical coefficients (absorption and reduced scattering) similar to those of tissue in the near-infrared; these coefficients were measured with a frequency-domain spectrometer. Measurable dc fluorescence intensity signals from 1 nM rhodamine concentrations inside the phantom are reported. Furthermore, we were able to resolve changes in rhodamine concentration on the order of 1% using the dc fluorescence intensity. This dc fluorescence sensitivity is characterized experimentally at two concentrations (55 and 360 nM) and over a range of source-detector separations. Other aspects of the sensitivity are discussed over a large range of concentrations using a fluorescence photon migration model.
STUDIES ON POLYMERIZATION AND RING FORMATION. III. GLYCOL ESTERS OF CARBONIC ACID (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTUDIES ON POLYMERIZATION AND RING FORMATION. III. GLYCOL ESTERS OF CARBONIC ACIDWallace H. Carothers and F. J. Van NattaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 1, 314–326Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01364a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01364a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1407Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cutting Edge: Effector Memory CD8+ T Cells Play a Prominent Role in Recall Responses to Secondary Viral Infection in the Lung (2004)

The relative contributions of CD62L(high) (central) memory and CD62L(low) (effector) memory T cell populations to recall responses are poorly understood, especially in the respiratory tract. In this study, we took advantage of a dual-adoptive transfer system in the mouse to simultaneously follow the recall response of effector and central memory subpopulations to intranasal parainfluenza virus infection. Using MHC class I and class II multimers, we tracked the responses of Ag-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) memory T cells in the same animals. The data show that effector memory T cells mounted recall responses that were equal to, or greater than, those mounted by central memory T cells. Moreover, effector memory T cells were more efficient at subsequently establishing a second generation of memory T cells. These data contrast with other studies indicating that central memory CD8(+) T cells are the prominent contributors to systemic virus infections.
Optical characterization of a new Lanthanum and Calcium Borate La2CaB10O19 (2001)

Since powerful, tunable ultraviolet laser sources rely on the frequency-doubling of lasers in the visible range, the search for new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials for ultraviolet and blue-green spectroscopic applications has received increasing attention. In the past few years a new NLO crystal YCa4O(BO3)3(YCOB)1,2 has attracted considerable interest because it exhibits a relatively large second harmonic generation (SHG) effect, and the single crystal is easily grown. Recently a new lanthanum and calcium borate with the composition La2CaB10O19 was identified by our group.3
MEK Inhibitors: A Therapeutic Approach to Targeting the Ras-MAP Kinase Pathway in Tumors (2004)

The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK intracellular signaling cascade can be activated in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Growth factor binding to extracellular receptors results in activation of Ras, which in turn interacts with and activates Raf, leading to the phosphorylation of the dual specificity kinase MEK (MAP kinase kinase) on two distinct serine residues. MEK possesses a number of unique biochemical and biological features that make it an attractive target from an anticancer drug development perspective. The identification and subsequent testing of highly selective small molecule inhibitors of MEK have served to re-enforce the long held belief that the MEK/ERK module plays a critical role in controlling a number of cellular events that are critical to tumor cell growth and survival. We have witnessed advancement of the first MEK-targeted clinical drug candidate into clinical trials with the entry of CI-1040. The evaluation of sufficiently potent and selective MEK inhibitors in well-designed clinical trials is critical for ultimate validation of MEK as a molecular-based anticancer drug target.
Cell Volume Reduction Associated with Interphase Death in Rat Thymocytes (1981)

Correlation of interphase death with cell volume reduction in rat thymocytes was examined using an automated cell size distribution analyzer. After x irradiation from 50 to 2000 r in vitro, cell suspension were incubated at 37/sup 0/C for 4 h. Measurement of cell size distribution during and after incubation demonstrated that the irradiated thymocyte suspension consisted of two discrete subpopulations, one of normal size and the other of smaller size. The number of smaller cells increased parallel to a rise in dead(erythrosine B stained) cell counts with incubation time and radiation dose, suggesting that smaller cells might correspond to dead thymocytes. This was confirmed by examining a centrifugally separated dead-cell population, which had a size distribution curve similar to that of the smaller cells. The possibility that small-cell counts could be used as a new criterion for interphase death is discussed.
Supporting Employer Name Normalization at both Entity and Cluster Level (2017)

In the recruitment domain, the employer name normalization task, which links employer names in job postings or resumes to entities in an employer knowledge base (KB), is important to many business applications. In previous work, we proposed the CompanyDepot system, which used machine learning techniques to address the problem. After applying it to several applications at CareerBuilder, we faced several new challenges: 1) how to avoid duplicate normalization results when the KB is noisy and contains many duplicate entities; 2) how to address the vocabulary gap between query names and entity names in the KB; and 3) how to use the context available in jobs and resumes to improve normalization quality.
An Overview of the Theoretical Models Used to Predict Transport of Small Molecules through Polymer Membranes (1988)

Abstract The interactions between polymer membranes and organic solvents, gases or vapors, water, and aqueous salt solutions have been extensively studied for almost half a century; nevertheless, complete understanding of the transport mechanism (sorption, diffusion, and permeation) at the molecular level is still far from satisfactory [1–10]. The interest that exists in the study of transport of small molecules through polymer membranes is due to the fact that a number of important practical applications depend wholly or in part on such phenomena. These include protective coatings such as paints and varnishes [11–14], electronic devices and cable materials [15–18], packaging materials for foods and vegetables [19–24], selective barriers for the separation of gaseous and liquid mixtures [25–29], biomedical devices [30–34], etc.
371. Novel reactions of some α-acyloxy acid chlorides (1964)

A. R. Mattocks, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 1918 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640001918
Regioselection and Enantioselection in Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Olefin Hydrosilylation. A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselection and Enantioselection in Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Olefin Hydrosilylation. A Kinetic and Mechanistic StudyPeng-Fei Fu, Laurent Brard, Yanwu Li, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 27, 7157–7168Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00132a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00132a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2182Altmetric-Citations274LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A computer system for real-time monitoring and management of the critically ill (1968)

During the past decade a number of specialized hospital units have been developed for monitoring and care of critically ill patients. These units, which include coronary and intensive care facilities, trauma, renal dialysis and post surgery recovery wards, now provide up to five percent of beds in acute community hospitals.