gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A remaining useful life prediction method based on condition monitoring for LED driver (2012)

Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is the most important source for electronics and equipment, therefore its reliability acts as a critical factor impacting on their working lifetime. Applications show that aluminum electrolytic capacitors and some power components like diodes and MOSFETs, all of which turn out to be key factors to SMPS' lifetime, are of higher failure rates in SMPS. In fact, the failure of electronic products is a gradual course, which is usually resulted from the degradation of separate electronic components. In this research, the LED driver is regarded as the research object and the experimental study of its degradation is discussed. To study the LED driver degradation owning to these critical components, such as power MOSFETs, diodes and aluminum electrolytic capacitors, the components' performance parameters which can reflect their degradation need monitoring. In order to acquire remarkable effects, accelerated aging test is adopted in this paper. The study of LED driver degradation on basis of the theory of PoF (Physics of Failure) is meaningful to the reliability research of SMPS and provides an approach for the prognostics of its RUL(remaining useful life).
Effects of essential fatty acids on prostaglandin biosynthesis. (1984)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are derived from dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs) by relatively short biochemical pathways. PG synthesis can be manipulated by modifying EFA intake. PGs and related compounds of the 1 and 3 series have desirable or neutral actions while those of the 2 series are mixed, some being desirable but others being highly undesirable. Methods for selectively increasing 1 and 3 series products while simultaneously reducing the formation of arachidonic acid derivatives are described.
Kinetics of methanol decomposition and water gas shift reaction on a commercial Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst (2002)

Introduction The advantages of high energy density, easy availability and safe handling/storage are now making methanol one of the most promising sources of hydrogen for fuel cell systems. While extensive work has been done for decades on how to synthesize methanol, recent research is now concentrating on how to produce hydrogen efficiently from methanol. The goal of our work is to maximize hydrogen yield while minimizing the size of the reforming unit. Therefore to design a compact and efficient methanol reformer, reaction data and kinetics are needed for methanol decomposition, methanol-steam reforming and the water gas shift reaction (1~3). CH3OH = CO + 2H2 (1) CH3OH + H2O = CO2 + 3H2 (2) CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 (3) There are few published studies addressing the mechanism and kinetics of methanol decomposition on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts. But several groups have studied the mechanism and rate-expression for methanol-steam reforming. An early hypothesis believed that H2/CO formation occurred first followed by the water gas shift reaction. A direct reaction to form CO2 and H2 from methanol was proposed recently. Another report showed that the rates for all three reactions (methanol-steam reforming, water-gas shift reaction and methanol decomposition) must be included in the kinetic analysis. In those mechanisms the rate determining step is either the dehydrogenation of methoxy groups or methyl formate hydrolysis 3, 4, . In spite of the extensive literature on Cu/Zn/Al2O3 catalysts, much remains in dispute concerning the role of the oxidation states of Cu. And also most studies use various x-ray, IR, and TPR/TPD techniques, etc., however, it is hard to find a study which relates the product distribution to the catalyst state. Furthermore, there are few papers, which address the effects of water addition on methanol decomposition. The purpose of our study is to examine the reaction mechanism, by product formation and kinetics of methanol decomposition in the absence and presence of water. Cu oxidation state and its relation to deactivation is also determined through XPS analysis of the catalyst and time-on-stream tests. Rate expressions and kinetic parameters used to fit the experimental data were determined.
Reconstitution of catalytically competent human .zeta.-thrombin by combination of .zeta.-thrombin residues A1-36 and B1-148 and an Escherichia coli expressed polypeptide corresponding to .zeta.-thrombin residues B149-259 (1991)

Human zeta-thrombin, a catalytically competent serine proteinase, arises from a single chymotryptic cleavage at Trp-148 in alpha-thrombin to generate two nonconvalently associated polypeptide segments designated zeta 1-thrombin (the 36-residue A-chain disulfide linked to B-chain residues B1-148) and zeta 2-thrombin (B149-259). We report here the expression of recombinant zeta 2-thrombin in Escherichia coli and the reconstitution of catalytically competent zeta-thrombin by combination of zeta 1-thrombin with recombinant zeta 2-thrombin. A DNA fragment encoding zeta 2-thrombin was cloned into a pATH2 expression vector as a trpE-zeta 2 fusion gene, in which a factor Xa cleavage site was inserted between the trpE and the zeta 2-thrombin gene. High-level expression of this fusion protein was achieved under the control of the E. coli trp promoter. The expressed zeta 2-thrombin was liberated from the fusion protein by factor Xa cleavage, reduced with DTT, and purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase HPLC. Oxidation of the reduced zeta 2-thrombin in the presence of 80 microM CuSO4 and 6 M urea at pH 8.15 yielded material that was indistinguishable on HPLC from zeta 2-thrombin isolated by resolution of human zeta-thrombin. Catalytically active zeta-thrombin was generated by combination of recombinant zeta 2-thrombin with zeta 1-thrombin that was isolated by resolution of human zeta-thrombin. Recombinant zeta-thrombin displayed catalytic activities, toward a small chromogenic substrate and fibrinogen, that were similar to those of alpha-thrombin prepared from human blood plasma and zeta-thrombin obtained by treatment of alpha-thrombin with chymotrypsin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of loop size on the stability of intramolecular DNA quadruplexes (2004)

We have determined the stability of intramolecular DNA quadruplexes in which the four G(3)-tracts are connected by non-nucleosidic linkers containing propanediol, octanediol or hexaethylene glycol, replacing the TTA loops in the human telomeric repeat sequence. We find that these sequences all fold to form intramolecular complexes, which are stabilized by lithium < sodium < potassium. Quadruplex stability increases in the order propanediol < hexaethylene glycol < octanediol. The shallower shape of the melting profile with propanediol linkers and its lower dependency on potassium concentration suggests that this complex contains fewer stacks of G-quartets. The sequence with octanediol linkers displays a biphasic melting profile, suggesting that it can adopt more than one stable structure. All these complexes display melting temperatures above 310 K in the presence of 10 mM lithium, without added potassium, in contrast to the telomeric repeat sequence. These complexes also fold much faster than the telomeric repeat and there is little or no hysteresis between their melting and annealing profiles. In contrast, the human telomeric repeat sequence and a complex containing two hexaethylene glycol groups in each loop, are less stable and fold more slowly. The melting and annealing profiles for the latter sequence show significant differences, even when heated at 0.2 degrees C min(-1). CD spectra for the oligonucleotides containing non-nucleosidic linkers show positive maxima at 264 nm, with negative minima approximately 244 nm, which are characteristic of parallel quadruplex structures. These results show that the structure and stability of intramolecular quadruplexes is profoundly influenced by the length and composition of the loops.
Thickness dependent tortuosity estimation for retinal blood vessels (2006)

This paper describes a framework for the automated estimation of vessel tortuosity in retinal images. We introduce a new tortuosity metric that takes into account vessel thickness, yielding estimates plausibly closer to intuition and medical judgement than those from previous metrics. We also propose an algorithm identifying automatically a vasculature segment connecting two points specified manually. Starting from a binary image of the vasculature, the algorithm computes a skeletal (medial axis) representation on which all terminal and branching points are located. This is then converted to a graph representation including connectivity as well as thickness information for all vessels. Target segments for tortuosity estimation are identified automatically from end points selected manually using a shortest-path algorithm. Results are presented and compared with those provided by clinical classification on 50 vessels from DRIVE images. An overall agreement with clinical judgement of 92.4% is achieved, superior to that of comparison measures.
OPTICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER DOPED CDS THIN FILMS PREPARED BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION (2008)

This paper presents the study of the structural and optical properties of copper doped cadmium
sulde thin lms prepared by pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The copper concentration in the targets was
varied from 0.05% to 5% in weight and they were heated at a temperature of 500C in air for
one hour. It was observed that annealing un-doped and doped thin lms at temperatures above
160C leads to an abrupt increase in the optical transmission, changing from dark brownish to
transparent yellowish. For annealed samples at 300C, increasing Cu concentration from 0.0%
to 2%, leads to an increase in the optical transmission up to 80%, at a wavelength of about 700
nm. XRD patterns showed the hexagonal phase of cadmium sulde and a number of CdO peaks
relating to the partial oxidation of cadmium. The XPS spectra of the annealed samples indicate
an accumulation of Cu at the surface. Therefore, Cu impurity can enhance CdS oxidation and
the size of the crystallites. The highest value of the photo-current for the samples is related to
the lowest Cu concentration, i.e: 0.05%.
Expression of the <i>Pycnoporus cinnabarinus</i> laccase gene in <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and characterization of the recombinant enzyme (2002)

Pycnoporus cinnabarinus laccase lac1 gene was overexpressed in Aspergillus niger , a well‐known fungal host producing a large amount of homologous or heterologous enzymes for industrial applications. The corresponding cDNA was placed under the control of the glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase promoter as a strong and constitutive promoter. The laccase signal peptide or the glucoamylase preprosequence of A. niger was used to target the secretion. Both signal peptides directed the secretion of laccase into the culture medium as an active protein, but the A. niger preprosequence allowed an 80‐fold increase in laccase production. The identity of the recombinant protein was further confirmed by immunodetection using Western blot analysis and N‐terminal sequencing. The molecular mass of the mature laccase was 70 kDa as expected, similar to that of the native form, suggesting no hyperglycosylation. The recombinant laccase was purified in a three‐step procedure including a fractionated precipitation using ammonium sulfate, and a concentration by ultrafiltration followed by a Mono Q column. All the characteristics of the recombinant laccase are in agreement with those of the native laccase. This is the first report of the production of a white‐rot laccase in A. niger .
Structural Basis for Substrate Preference of SMYD3, a SET Domain-containing Protein Lysine Methyltransferase (2016)

SMYD3 is a SET domain-containing N-lysine methyltransferase associated with multiple cancers. Its reported substrates include histones (H3K4 and H4K5), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1 Lys(831)) and MAP3 kinase kinase (MAP3K2 Lys(260)). To reveal the structural basis for substrate preference and the catalytic mechanism of SMYD3, we have solved its co-crystal structures with VEGFR1 and MAP3K2 peptides. Our structural and biochemical analyses show that MAP3K2 serves as a robust substrate of SMYD3 because of the presence of a phenylalanine residue at the -2 position. A shallow hydrophobic pocket on SMYD3 accommodates the binding of the phenylalanine and promotes efficient catalytic activities of SMYD3. By contrast, SMYD3 displayed a weak activity toward a VEGFR1 peptide, and the location of the acceptor lysine in the folded kinase domain of VEGFR1 requires drastic conformational rearrangements for juxtaposition of the acceptor lysine with the enzymatic active site. Our results clearly revealed structural determinants for the substrate preference of SMYD3 and provided mechanistic insights into lysine methylation of MAP3K2. The knowledge should be useful for the development of SMYD3 inhibitors in the fight against MAP3K2 and Ras-driven cancer.
Potential role of MRN-100, an iron-based compound, in upregulating production of cytokine IL-10 in human dendritic cells to promote an anti-inflammatory response in vitro (2019)

The hydroferrate fluid MRN-100, an iron-based compound with potent antioxidant characteristics, was examined to identify its possible anti-inflammatory effects on human dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Human monocyte-derived DCs were treated with MRN-100 at two concentrations (50 and 100 μL/mL) for 24 h and then stimulated with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The expression of DC maturation markers was assessed by flow cytometry and the production of cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Functional assay was performed by co-culturing MRN-100-treated and untreated DCs with allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cells and assaying the T cells' cytokine production. Results show that treatment with MRN-100 significantly upregulated the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 and increased human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) though not significantly. MRN-100 treatment also significantly increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. On the other hand, MRN-100 significantly induced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 only at high concentrations. Furthermore, DCs pretreated with MRN-100 and either stimulated or not with LPS were able to prime CD4+ T cells to secrete significant amounts of IL-10 while inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These results indicate that MRN-100 is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent that promotes the generation of an anti-inflammatory immune response in vitro. MRN-100 could be beneficial for treating patients with inflammatory diseases, including arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and its potential benefits should be examined in clinical trials.
Clinical Evaluation of the Cysticercosis Enzyme-Linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot in Patients with Neurocysticercosis (1991)

During the 3 years that the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay for the diagnosis of human cysticercosis has been in use at the Centers for Disease Control, 50 patients with both pathologically confirmed neurocysticercosis and computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan results were identified. Of 32 patients with two or more lesions, 94% had detectable antibodies by EITB compared with 28% of 18 patients with single lesions. Patients with only calcified cysts (single or multiple) were less likely to have EITB-positive results than were those with noncalcified, enhancing lesions. Antibody was detectable more frequently in serum than in cerebrospinal fluid, regardless of the number or apparent condition of the cysts. These findings confirm that the EITB assay for cysticercosis antibodies is highly sensitive in patients with multiple, enhancing intracranial lesions but is less sensitive in patients with single lesions and in those with calcified lesions.
Which concurrent error detection scheme to choose ? (2002)

Concurrent error detection (CED) techniques (based on hardware duplication, parity codes, etc.) are widely used to enhance system dependability. All CED techniques introduce some form of redundancy. Redundant systems we subject to common-mode failures (CMFs). While most of the studies of CED techniques focus on area overhead, few analyze the CMF vulnerability of these techniques. In this paper, we present simulation results to quantitatively compare various CED schemes based on their area overhead and the protection (data integrity) they provide against multiple failures and CMFs. Our results indicate that, for the simulated combinational logic circuits, although diverse duplex systems (with two different implementations of the same logic function) sometimes have marginally higher area overhead, they provide significant protection against multiple failures and CMFs compared to other CED techniques like parity prediction.
Method for high-impedance fault detection (2017)

Correct detection of high-impedance faults (HIFs) is crucial because they produce a serious threat for humans, livestock and property. HIF currents, typically with fault resistances between 10 and 100 kΩ, cannot be detected with traditional protection functions and they behave randomly consisting of unstable and unpredictable dynamic fluctuations in the amplitude, harmonic levels etc. One main challenge is to reliably separate HIFs from normal network load and other switching events. In this study, new HIF detection method is proposed based on extensive power systems computer aided design (PSCAD) simulation studies and tests with real-life HIF measurements. The proposed method is applicable to different MV networks with different grounding practices. Depending on the grounding type, HIF detection is based on the use of zero sequence current I o or negative sequence current I 2. Method works in both 50 and 60 Hz networks and does not need voltage measurement. It also works as tripping protection function with sufficiently short operation time, is simple/flexible and has good usability from end user point of view.
Human anti‐IgE antibodies by repertoire cloning (1994)

Anti-IgE antibodies have been detected in sera of patients with an allergic disease where they might play a role in the regulation of (Ig)E-mediated reactions. Using a recombinant phage surface display expression system a combinatorial library of antibody heavy and light chains was constructed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an atopic donor immunized with tetanus toxoid. Screening of the library allowed the identification of a large number of phages displaying human monovalent antigen-binding fragments (Phab) against tetanus toxoid and IgE. Surprisingly, we found a high frequency of Phab against particular IgE myelomas that was comparable to the frequency found for Phab against tetanus toxoid. However, most of these Phab were directed to different idiotypic determinants, depending on the IgE myeloma used for the panning procedure. Nevertheless, two clones were found to have anti-isotypic specificity and were shown to react specifically with the CH2 domain of the IgE heavy chain.
Nuclear localization of mouse Mx1 protein is necessary for inhibition of influenza virus (1992)

The interferon-induced Mx1 protein of mice confers selective resistance to influenza virus. It inhibits viral mRNA synthesis in the nucleus of influenza virus-infected cells. The related human MxA protein is localized in the cytoplasm and can inhibit influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus but not other viruses. MxA blocks a poorly defined cytoplasmic multiplication step of influenza virus that follows primary transcription of the viral genome. We previously showed that nuclear variants of MxA that carry an artificial nuclear translocation signal were also active against influenza virus. However, these variants blocked primary transcription of influenza virus. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether cytoplasmic forms of Mx1 were capable of mimicking the antiviral action of MxA by determining the antiviral activities of mutant mouse Mx1 protein. Cytoplasmic Mx1(E614), which differs from wild-type Mx1 by a single amino acid substitution in its nuclear transport signal, failed to inhibit the multiplication of influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. Relocation of Mx1(E614) to the nucleus with the help of the simian virus 40 large T nuclear translocation signal attached to its amino terminus restored the influenza virus-inhibiting activity. Other changes in the carboxy-terminal region of Mx1 also abolished transport to the nucleus and simultaneously abolished antiviral activity. One of these variants, Mx1/A, gained activity against influenza virus upon relocation to the nucleus. These results demonstrate that unlike human MxA, the mouse Mx1 protein can function only in the nucleus. This finding has important implications regarding the mechanistic details of Mx protein action.
Trafficking and Gating of Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Channels Are Regulated by Interaction with Tetratricopeptide Repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting Protein (TRIP8b) and Cyclic AMP at Distinct Sites (2011)

Ion channel trafficking and gating are often influenced by interactions with auxiliary subunits. Tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b) is an auxiliary subunit for neuronal hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. TRIP8b interacts directly with two distinct sites of HCN channel pore-forming subunits to control channel trafficking and gating. Here we use mutagenesis combined with electrophysiological studies to define and distinguish the functional importance of the HCN/TRIP8b interaction sites. Interaction with the last three amino acids of the HCN1 C terminus governed the effect of TRIP8b on channel trafficking, whereas TRIP8b interaction with the HCN1 cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) affected trafficking and gating. Biochemical studies revealed that direct interaction between TRIP8b and the HCN1 CNBD was disrupted by cAMP and that TRIP8b binding to the CNBD required an arginine residue also necessary for cAMP binding. In accord, increasing cAMP levels in cells antagonized the up-regulation of HCN1 channels mediated by a TRIP8b construct binding the CNBD exclusively. These data illustrate the distinct roles of the two TRIP8b-HCN interaction domains and suggest that TRIP8b and cAMP may directly compete for binding the HCN CNBD to control HCN channel gating, kinetics, and trafficking.
Type error feedback via analytic program repair (2020)

We introduce Analytic Program Repair, a data-driven strategy for providing feedback for type-errors via repairs for the erroneous program. Our strategy is based on insight that similar errors have similar repairs. Thus, we show how to use a training dataset of pairs of ill-typed programs and their fixed versions to: (1) learn a collection of candidate repair templates by abstracting and partitioning the edits made in the training set into a representative set of templates; (2) predict the appropriate template from a given error, by training multi-class classifiers on the repair templates used in the training set; (3) synthesize a concrete repair from the template by enumerating and ranking correct (e.g. well-typed) terms matching the predicted template. We have implemented our approach in Rite: a type error reporting tool for OCaml programs. We present an evaluation of the accuracy and efficiency of Rite on a corpus of 4,500 ill-typed Ocaml programs drawn from two instances of an introductory programming course, and a user-study of the quality of the generated error messages that shows the locations and final repair quality to be better than the state-of-the-art tool in a statistically-significant manner.