gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Control of Resonant Converters: Enhancing Frequency Resolution by Dithering (2009)

Resonant converters and related systems, such as piezoelectric transformers, may require a high-resolution frequency drive when the quality factor of the network is high or to avoid limit cycle oscillations. This high frequency resolution requirement could be beyond the capabilities of low cost microcontrollers. To remedy this problem, a frequency resolution enhancement algorithm was developed, tested by simulations and verified experimentally. The proposed approach is based on a modification of the fractional-N dithering concept and includes an adaptive dithering period and smooth DPWM frequency transitions. The implementation of the approach on the digital hardware is simple and requires modest additional workload from the CPU. Theoretical analysis was carried out to model the proposed dithering method when applied to drive resonant network in order to identify the causes and to quantify the expected output signal distortion when the signal is used to drive resonant networks. The proposed approach was tested experimentally on two types of resonant converters: a series-resonant parallel-loaded converter and a piezoelectric transformer. It was found that the output signal distortion is less than 1% of the peak amplitude of the output drive which would be acceptable in many applications. The experimental results were found to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions, validating the usefulness of the dithering method as a frequency resolution enhancer for resonant network drive.
Antimicrobial Resistance: a One Health Perspective (2018)

One Health is the collaborative effort of multiple health science professions to attain optimal health for people, domestic animals, wildlife, plants, and our environment. The drivers of antimicrobial resistance include antimicrobial use and abuse in human, animal, and environmental sectors and the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants within and between these sectors and around the globe. Most of the classes of antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections in humans are also used in animals. Given the important and interdependent human, animal, and environmental dimensions of antimicrobial resistance, it is logical to take a One Health approach when addressing this problem. This includes taking steps to preserve the continued effectiveness of existing antimicrobials by eliminating their inappropriate use and by limiting the spread of infection. Major concerns in the animal health and agriculture sectors are mass medication of animals with antimicrobials that are critically important for humans, such as third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and the long-term, in-feed use of medically important antimicrobials, such as colistin, tetracyclines, and macrolides, for growth promotion. In the human sector it is essential to prevent infections, reduce over-prescribing of antimicrobials, improve sanitation, and improve hygiene and infection control. Pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential, and farm waste is expanding the resistome in the environment. Numerous countries and several international agencies have included a One Health approach within their action plans to address antimicrobial resistance. Necessary actions include improvements in antimicrobial use regulation and policy, surveillance, stewardship, infection control, sanitation, animal husbandry, and alternatives to antimicrobials. WHO recently has launched new guidelines on the use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using antimicrobials routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals. These guidelines aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are important for human medicine by reducing their use in animals.
Comparison of organic and inorganic alignment layers for low‐power liquid‐crystal devices using low‐frequency applied‐voltage waveforms (2010)

Abstract— Bistable displays are known to have low‐power consumption, but they usually lack the ability to display full‐color video‐rate images. Operating active‐matrix liquid‐crystal displays (AMLCDs) with an ultra‐wide refresh‐rate range, down to ∼1 Hz, can lower the power consumption to that of bistable devices and offer video rates as well. A SiO x ‐layer‐based liquid‐crystal (LC) alignment technique is studied here to overcome the ion problems typically encountered with low‐refresh‐rate devices. The effect of ions on the voltage‐holding ratio (VHR) and residual DC voltage (RDC) with SiO x ‐based LC alignment is compared with those for polyimide‐based LC alignment. It is found that only SiO x alignment provides high VHR and small RDC, with good stability over time. Therefore, it is shown that SiO x alignment is an excellent candidate for low‐power AMLCDs operated with an ultra‐wide refresh‐rate range.
Pneumococcal Bacteremia in Adults: A 14-Year Experience in an Inner-City University Hospital (1995)

We retrospectively reviewed 304 episodes of pneumococcal bacteremia in 293 adults to compare the clinical features, prognostic factors, and case-fatality rate associated with this illness to those in previous studies. We studied patients at an inner-city university hospital who had pneumococcal bacteremia from January 1980 through December 1993. We analyzed patient demographics, risk factors for pneumococcal infection, pneumococcal vaccination status, initial vital signs, findings on chest roentgenograms, arterial blood gases, and laboratory values. Ninety-six percent of our study population was African American and 61% were male; pneumococcal vaccination was documented for 2%. The case-fatality rate in our study was 36%. Older age, lower mean arterial pressure, lower mean temperature, higher respiratory rate, multilobar pneumonia, leukopenia, low platelet count, hypoalbuminemia, low arterial pH, low arterial oxygen tension, and high arterial carbon dioxide tension were associated with higher mortality. Our study suggests that mortality due to pneumococcal bacteremia has not changed significantly in the last 6 decades, that the number of patients in high-risk groups who are receiving pneumococcal vaccine is insufficient, and that higher mortality can be predicted from the history, vital signs, and laboratory values at initial presentation.
That's My Hand! Activity in Premotor Cortex Reflects Feeling of Ownership of a Limb (2004)

When we look at our hands, we immediately know that they are part of our own body. This feeling of ownership of our limbs is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness. We have studied the neuronal counterparts of this experience. A perceptual illusion was used to manipulate feelings of ownership of a rubber hand presented in front of healthy subjects while brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neural activity in the premotor cortex reflected the feeling of ownership of the hand. This suggests that multisensory integration in the premotor cortex provides a mechanism for bodily self-attribution.
Application of unequal error protection codes on combined source-channel coding of images (1990)

A combined source-channel encoding of images with a small amount of redundancy is investigated. The source encoder under study is based on the discrete cosine transform, adaptive quantization, and variable length encoding (VLC), while the channel encoder is based on the unequal error protection (UEP) principle. To measure the importance of each bit in the transmitted frame after the VLC, a factor of sensitivity to channel errors for each bit is defined. The factor of sensitivity is used to estimate the optimal error rate allowed for each bit in the frame that minimizes the effects of channel noise. The performance of two UEP codes constructed by the Blokh-Zyablov code construction method is evaluated for two sequences of images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BIPOLAR ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCOAGULATION OF THE INFERIOR TURBINATE (1931)

The instrument to be described has been in use for about fifteen years. It consists of two terminal needles of spring brass wire, each 4 cm. in length, protruding from an insulated rubber handle. This measures 16 cm. in length. At the proximal end of the handle, flexible conductor cords lead from each wire and are attached to the proper terminals of the diathermy machine. The instrument is used for the reduction of hypertrophy of the mucous membranes of the inferior turbinate. The inferior turbinate is first anesthetized by means of pledgets of cotton moistened with a suitable anesthetic placed against the hypertrophied portion and left in place until anesthesia is complete, without the use of epinephrine. The needles of the electrode are now introduced into the submucous tissue by puncturing at the anterior portion of the hypertrophy and carrying the needles into the tissue parallel to the bone of
<b>Mechanisms Governing Transients from the Batch Incineration of Liquid Wastes in Rotary Kilns</b> (1988)

Abstract When "containerized" liquid wastes, bound on sorbents. are introduced into a rotary kiln in a batch mode, transient phenomena in-volving heat transfer into, and waste mass transfer out of, the sorbent can oromote the raoid release of waste vaoor into the kiln environment. This raoid vaoor release can cause depletion and displacement of the excess oxygen from the primary flame, and formation ofa "puff," which can result in a temporary Failure orthe incinerator system. Parametric studies on a specially designed rotary kiln incinerator simulator showed that puffs are easily generated even with very small quantities of surrogate wastes and at excess air values exceeding 100 percent. Furthermore, their magnitudes and intensities increase with increasing kiln temperature and kiln rotation speed. A theoretical model describing simultaneous heat and mass transfer through a sorbent aggregate, coupled with vapor pressure driven waste vaporization within the sorbent aggregate, was combined with a fragmcntauon model and was able qualitatively to predict experimentally observed effects relating to puff duration, kiln rotation speed, kiln temperature. and stoichiometric oxygen requirement of the surrogate waste. Extrapolation of the model to conditions beyond the experimental test matrix indicated very strong influences of waste boiling point (and consequently latent heat), and of sorbent parameters such as overall void fraction in the container and the sorption characteristics of the individual sorbent particles. The theoretical results support the experimental data from the rotary kiln incinerator simulator and suggest that the experimentally observed trends have general practical validity. The model constitutes a first step in being able to rank wastes and sorbents with respect to their propensity to produce puffs.
Multi-feature approach for writer-independent offline signature verification (2010)

Some of the fundamental problems facing handwritten signature verification are the large number of users, the large number of features, the limited number of reference signatures for training, the high intra-personal variability of the signatures and the unavailability of forgeries as counterexamples. This research first presents a survey of offline signature verification techniques, focusing on the feature extraction and verification strategies. The goal is to present the most important advances, as well as the current challenges in this field. Of particular interest are the techniques that allow for designing a signature verification system based on a limited amount of data. Next is presented a novel offline signature verification system based on multiple feature extraction techniques, dichotomy transformation and boosting feature selection. Using multiple feature extraction techniques increases the diversity of information extracted from the signature, thereby producing features that mitigate intra-personal variability, while dichotomy transformation ensures writer-independent classification, thus relieving the verification system from the burden of a large number of users. Finally, using boosting feature selection allows for a low cost writer-independent verification system that selects features while learning. As such, the proposed system provides a practical framework to explore and learn from problems with numerous potential features. Comparison of simulation results from systems found in literature confirms the viability of the proposed system, even when only a single reference signature is available. The proposed system provides an efficient solution to a wide range problems (eg. biometric authentication) with limited training samples, new training samples emerging during operations, numerous classes, and few or no counterexamples.
Type-extension type test can be performed in constant time (1991)

article Free AccessType-extension type test can be performed in constant time Author: Norman H. Cohen T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and SystemsVolume 13Issue 4Oct. 1991 pp 626–629https://doi.org/10.1145/115372.115297Published:01 October 1991Publication History 63citation439DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations63Total Downloads439Last 12 Months29Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Myo-Cortical Crossed Feedback Reorganizes Primate Motor Cortex Output (2013)

The motor system is capable of adapting to changed conditions such as amputations or lesions by reorganizing cortical representations of peripheral musculature. To investigate the underlying mechanisms we induced targeted reorganization of motor output effects by establishing an artificial recurrent connection between a forelimb muscle and an unrelated site in the primary motor cortex (M1) of macaques. A head-fixed computer transformed forelimb electromyographic activity into proportional subthreshold intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) during hours of unrestrained volitional behavior. This conditioning paradigm stimulated the cortical site for a particular muscle in proportion to activation of another muscle and induced robust site- and input-specific reorganization of M1 output effects. Reorganization was observed within 25 min and could be maintained with intermittent conditioning for successive days. Control stimulation that was independent of muscle activity, termed "pseudoconditioning," failed to produce reorganization. Preconditioning output effects were gradually restored during volitional behaviors following the end of conditioning. The ease of changing the relationship between cortical sites and associated muscle responses suggests that under normal conditions these relations are maintained through physiological feedback loops. These findings demonstrate that motor cortex outputs may be reorganized in a targeted and sustainable manner through artificial afferent feedback triggered from controllable and readily recorded muscle activity. Such cortical reorganization has implications for therapeutic treatment of neurological injuries.
CVMS: Cloud based vehicle monitoring system in VANETs (2015)

Integration of Cloud computing with VANET is supposed to be the next big thing because of its scalability and reliability. In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) the network services and applications (e.g., safety messages, vehicle navigation data) require an exchange of vehicle and event location information. This paper proposes a new VANET-Cloud integrated service called CVMS: (Cloud Based Vehicle Monitoring System in VANETs) as service in which, vehicles moving on the road serve as witnesses of designated events, capture the real time video or photo of specific location, route or a deadly accident. A group of vehicles with mounted on board navigation units collaborate to form the vehicular cloud and sends the real time data to central cloud using roadside cloud. The proposed real time cloud based video capture system has been experimented with various scenarios of video-based road services. The algorithm for efficient lane changing, navigation data transferring from vehicular cloud to the central cloud in a real time environment has been implemented on a simulator of an on board camera based embedded system. The goal of this service is to recognize and track faulty vehicle, emergency vehicles, video and photo capturing of any event, route or location. The presented work demonstrates the potential of our proposed system for enhancing and diversifying real-time video services in road environments.
CLANS: a high-level synthesis tool for high resolution data converters (2003)

A high-level synthesis tool, CLANS, that accepts data converter performance specifications and selects optimal block-level component specifications for noise-shaping coders is presented. CLANS both predicts the performance of multibit noise-shaping coders (both A/D and D/A converters) and determines optimal loop-filter transfer functions. The performance of CLANS' designs has been verified using both block-level simulation and experimental measurements on a CMOS prototype D/A converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The SMPTE D-1 Format and Possible Scanner Configurations (1987)

This article gives the historical background of the D-1 format, its basic concepts, and supporting technical information. It also describes possible scanner configurations proposed by different manufacturers as practical implementations of the D-1 recording format. It suggests that tests now being conducted will lead to the interchangeability of tapes recorded with different scanner configurations.
[Dermo-epidermal interactions and skin pharmacology]. (1992)

Reconstruction of a living skin equivalent provides an in vitro model for the study of skin biology and pharmacology in a tissue organization whose cells differentiate similarly to skin cells in the body. This simplified skin equivalent, composed of normal or abnormal cells, is obtained in two steps: formation of a dermal equivalent is achieved first and this dermis is then covered with an epidermal equivalent. Each of these tissues, as well as the interactions between them, can then be studied. Using this model, we have demonstrated that normal fibroblasts promote epidermal growth, that psoriatic fibroblasts induce increased proliferation of normal keratinocytes, and that the effects of pharmacological agents (such as retinoids) on keratinocyte growth are modulated by fibroblasts.
Xylose and cellobiose fermentation to ethanol by the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast (2003)

Wild-type strains of the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha are able to ferment glucose, cellobiose and xylose to ethanol. H. polymorpha most actively fermented sugars to ethanol at 37 degrees C, whereas the well-known xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis could not effectively ferment carbon substrates at this temperature. H. polymorpha even could ferment both glucose and xylose up to 45 degrees C. This species appeared to be more ethanol tolerant than P. stipitis but more susceptible than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A riboflavin-deficient mutant of H. polymorpha increased its ethanol productivity from glucose and xylose under suboptimal supply with riboflavin. Mutants of H. polymorpha defective in alcohol dehydrogenase activity produced lower amounts of ethanol from glucose, whereas levels of ethanol production from xylose were identical for the wild-type strain and the alcohol dehydrogenase-defective mutant.
The synthesis of <scp>L</scp>-serine by <i>Micrococcus lysodeikticus</i> (1971)

The phosphorylated pathway was established as a biosynthetic route to L-serine in Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Evidence was based upon the demonstration of the synthesis of L-phosphoserine (PS) and serine from D-3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) and by the detection of phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase and PS phosphatase activities in crude cell-free extracts. The synthesis of PS from PGA was enhanced by L-glutamic acid and by L-lactic dehydrogenase. PS phosphatase was stimulated by added Mg 2+ ion. The isolation of ser/gly − auxotrophs lacking PS phosphatase or the ability to synthesize PS from PGA confirmed the obligatory role of the phosphorylated pathway in serine biosynthesis in the organism.
Wnt-4 is a mesenchymal signal for epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney (1998)

Development of the mammalian kidney is initiated by ingrowth of the ureteric bud into the metanephric blastema. In response to signal(s) from the ureter, mesenchymal cells condense, aggregate into pretubular clusters, and undergo epithelialisation to form simple epithelial tubules. Subsequent morphogenesis and differentiation of the tubular epithelium lead to the establishment of a functional nephron. Here we demonstrate that Wnt-4, a secreted glycoprotein which is required for tubule formation, is sufficient to trigger tubulogenesis in isolated metanephric mesenchyme, whereas Wnt-11 which is expressed in the tip of the growing ureter is not. Wnt-4 signaling depends on cell contact and sulphated glycosaminoglycans and is only required for triggering tubulogenesis but not for later events. The Wnt-4 signal can be replaced by other members of the Wnt gene family including Wnt-1, Wnt-3a, Wnt-7a and Wnt-7b. Further, dorsal spinal cord, which has been thought to mimic ureteric signaling in tubule induction induces Wnt-4 mutant as well as wild-type mesenchyme suggesting that spinal cord derived signal(s) most likely act by mimicking the normal mesenchymal action of Wnt-4. These results lend additional support to the notion that Wnt-4 is a key auto-regulator of the mesenchymal to epithelial transformation that underpins nephrogenesis adding another level of complexity in the hierarchy of molecular events mediating tubulogenesis.
Thinking SWAT (2003)

ABSTRACT Police hostage negotiations have traditionally been based upon the conception of “contain and negotiate.” A new school of communications researchers have recently challenged this approach. A role play is described in order to test each perspective. It is concluded that the traditional method works better in actual hostage situations.