gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Rapid and Reliable PCR Based Method for Detecting the Blood Coagulation Factor V Leiden Mutation (1997)

Although it suffers several drawbacks, conventional sequencing is a widely used method for the mutational analysis of genetic variations such as point mutations. However, this method is laborious, techni- cally demanding and expensive, and we consider it to be unnecessarily cumber- some for the analysis of well described point mutations, such as the factor V- Leiden mutation. The new PCR based detection method featured in this article allows clear-cut dis- crimination of the patient's carrier state for the factor V-Leiden point mutation. With appropriate modification it should offer also the option of detecting any known point mutation responsible for human dis- eases. Given the availability of labeled nucleotides (digoxigenin or other conve- nient labels), this test design can be viewed as an open system that may be individually adapted by the user for its various tasks.
Modulation of Vα19 NKT cell immune responses by α‐mannosyl ceramide derivatives consisting of a series of modified sphingosines (2007)

We have demonstrated that analogues of alpha-mannosyl ceramide (alpha-ManCer) consisting of a series of immunosuppressive 2-aminoalcohol derivatives in place of sphingosine promote a greater immune response from mouse invariant Valpha19-Jalpha26 (AV19-AJ33) TCR-bearing NKT (Valpha19 NKT) cells than alpha-ManCer itself. To further characterize the immune responses of Valpha19 NKT cells to the alpha-ManCer analogues, cytokine production by the cells was examined in detail. We found that certain alpha-ManCer derivatives individually induced either Th1- or Th2-dominant cytokine production in culture. The Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses of Valpha19 NKT cells were dependent on MHC class I-like MR1, since they were induced by coculture with the MR1 transfectants previously loaded with the glycolipids and were inhibited in the presence of anti-MR1 antiserum. Presumably, the recognition of the alpha-mannosyl residue of the alpha-ManCer analogues by the invariant TCR is individually modulated, depending on the altered interaction with the groove of the antigen-presenting MR1. Priming of the Valpha19 invariant TCR-transgenic mice in vivo with these glycolipid derivatives resulted in the induction of the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses. Thus, these alpha-ManCer derivatives are likely to be useful in immunotherapy for either Th1 or Th2 excess autoimmune diseases, modulating the function of Valpha19 NKT cells.
Optimal multiplexing on a single link: delay and buffer requirements (2002)

This paper is motivated by the need to support multiple service classes in fast packet-switched networks. The authors address the problem of characterizing and designing scheduling policies that are optimal in the sense of minimizing buffer and/or delay requirements under the assumption of commonly accepted traffic constraints. They investigate the buffer requirements under three typical memory allocation mechanisms, that represent trade-offs between efficiency and complexity. For classes with delay constraints they provide policies that are optimal in the sense of satisfying the constraints if they are satisfiable by any policy, and they also have low buffer requirements. They also address the issue of designing policies that satisfy delay constraints in a fair manner. They mainly concern ourselves with non-preemptive policies. One of the proposed policies is based on a class of non-preemptive policies that tracks preemptive policies. This class is introduced in this paper and may be of interest in other applications as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(±)-(4b<i>S</i>,8a<i>R</i>,10a<i>S</i>)-10a-Ethynyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-3,4b,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,6-dicarbonitrile (2012)

The anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective tricyclic title compound, C(21)H(18)N(2)O(2), also known as TBE-31, crystallizes with two nearly superimposable mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In both mol-ecules, the three ring systems conform to an envelope-chair-planar arrangement. The central ring, in a cyclohexane chair conformation, contains an axial ethynyl group that bends slightly off from a nearby axial methyl group because of the 1,3-diaxial repulsion between the two groups. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O inter-actions form chains along [001].
Hyperhomocysteinemia: an additional cardiovascular risk factor. (1999)

Over the past few years, a substantial body of evidence has accumulated that indicates hyperhomocysteinemia as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia arises from a lack of key enzymes or vitamins such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, vitamin B6, and folate which are involved in homocysteine metabolism. Heavy coffee consumption is also known to elevate homocysteine levels. The adverse effects associated with hyperhomocysteinemia are extensive. It increases risk of myocardial infarction, cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality, peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Its seriousness as a risk factor has been equated to hypercholesterolemia and smoking, two leading causes for cardiovascular disease. It also has been shown to produce a multiplicative effect with these and other risk factors such as hypertension. Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain how homocysteine induces its harmful effects. It can damage endothelial cells lining the vasculature, allowing plaque formation. Simultaneously, it interferes with the vasodilatory effect of endothelial derived nitric oxide. Also, homocysteine has been found to promote vascular smooth muscle cells hypertrophy. Both of these processes induce vessel occlusion. Maintaining a normal plasma level of homocysteine as a means to prevent cardiovascular disease appears promising. This is achieved through increased intake of folate and vitamin B6 through diet or supplementation. Despite the overwhelming evidence suggesting homocysteine as a significant risk factor, no long-term prospective studies have been completed to demonstrate that folate and vitamin B6 can prevent cardiovascular disease related morbidity and mortality in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Homocysteine is a key metabolite in amino acid synthesis. During the process of methylation, S-adenosylmethionine (Ado Met), derived from methionine, is converted to S-Adenosylhomocysteine (Figure 1). This product is quickly hydrolyzed to form homocysteine and adenosine. Homocysteine can undergo 1 of 3 reactions depending on the status of the organism. If cysteine levels are inadequate, homocysteine utilizes the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) to condense with serine, forming the intermediate cystathionine. Subsequent reactions with cystathionine lead to the formation of cysteine. When methionine levels are low, homocysteine is remethylated in a reaction involving the coenzyme N5-methyltetrahydrofolate or betaine. Finally, when both amino acids are in adequate supply, homocysteine is cleaved by the enzyme homocysteine desulthydrase (cystathionase) to form a-ketobutyrate, ammonia, and H2S. Thus, homocysteine's physiological role is to assist in maintaining sulfur-amino acid homeostasis. Beyond these metabolic processes, homocysteine is beginning to be recognized as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and myocardial infarction.
A low-distortion bipolar feedback current amplifier technique (1981)

A bipolar current amplifier using modified Wilson current mirrors in a feedback configuration to avoid the effects of voltage modulation is presented. An output of 20-mA ppk has been obtained with only 1-percent harmonic distortion irrespective of load and with proportionally lower distortion at reduced output current.
The effects of multi-domain versus single-domain cognitive training in non-demented older people: a randomized controlled trial (2012)

ChiCTR-TRC-09000732.
Oxidation Microstructures and Interfaces in the Oxidized Zirconium Knee (2005)

This contribution describes the microstructural development of a predominantly zirconia scale resulting from thermal oxidation of a Zr–2.65 wt% Nb alloy that is used to provide a superior resilient bearing surface on the femoral condylar component in a novel total knee prosthesis. The oxide scale exhibits superior tribological properties articulating against a polyethylene tibial component, resulting in substantially reduced wear debris and attendant inflammatory response. Critical attributes of this scale are biological compatibility, hardness, maintenance of surface smoothness during articulation, and adhesion to the substrate. Thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and in situ hot‐stage X‐ray diffraction analyses of the oxide scale and underlying alloy substrate were employed to reveal the microstructural origins for the efficacy and integrity of this oxidation surface treatment. The wrought alloy in the condylar component exhibits a two‐phase microstructure comprising elongated hexagonal α‐Zr grains (<1 wt% Nb) discontinuously surrounded by cubic β‐Zr (∼18 wt% Nb) sheath grains. During oxidation for times up to 8 h in air at temperatures above and below the eutectoid at 620°C, interface control of oxidation kinetics occurs at an alloy/scale interface that advances into the alloy by inward oxygen diffusion. The oxide scale predominantly comprises columnar grains of monoclinic ZrO 2 , ∼40 nm wide × 200 nm long, with [001] m and [111] m fiber textures and arranged in a brickwork pattern that is highly resistant to lateral fracture and surface grain pull‐out that would compromise scale integrity and function. The scale forms under substantial compression, up to nearly −2 GPa in the surface plane throughout the oxidation, and maintains its compressive state when cooling down to room temperature. At the scale/alloy interface, unoxidized Nb stringers in oxidizing β‐Zr second‐phase grains extend from the alloy into the oxide scale and appear to anchor the scale to the alloy, accounting for the excellent scale adhesion observed. Further oxidation of the β‐Zr second phase farther into the scale is associated with isolated outcrops of equiaxed oxide enhanced in segregated Nb content. Nearer the scale/air interface, lathlike separation into Zr‐rich and Nb‐rich oxides and lamellar intergrowths of a mixed‐oxide phase (probably 6ZrO 2 ·Nb 2 O 5 ) occur but do not appear deleterious to the integrity or functionality of the scale, especially as the outermost portion of the scale is removed in establishing the final bearing surface of the commercial prosthesis.
Vibrational modes of ultrathin carbon nanomembrane mechanical resonators (2015)

We report measurements of vibrational mode shapes of mechanical resonators made from ultrathin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) with a thickness of approximately 1 nm. CNMs are prepared from electron irradiation induced cross-linking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers and the variation of membrane thickness and/or density can be achieved by varying the precursor molecule. Single- and triple-layer freestanding CNMs were made by transferring them onto Si substrates with square/rectangular orifices. The vibration of the membrane was actuated by applying a sinusoidal voltage to a piezoelectric disk on which the sample was glued. The vibrational mode shapes were visualized with an imaging Mirau interferometer using a stroboscopic light source. Several mode shapes of a square membrane can be readily identified and their dynamic behavior can be well described by linear response theory of a membrane with negligible bending rigidity. By applying Fourier transformations to the time-dependent surface profiles, the dispersion relation of the transverse membrane waves can be obtained and its linear behavior verifies the membrane model. By comparing the dispersion relation to an analytical model, the static stress of the membranes was determined and found to be caused by the fabrication process.
An In Vitro Model of Infection of Human Biliary Epithelial Cells by<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> (1997)

Cryptosporidium parvum infection in the immunosuppressed host is frequently complicated by biliary tract involvement. The recent production of human biliary epithelial cell lines was exploited to develop an in vitro model of biliary cryptosporidiosis. Infection with C. parvum oocysts was detected by IFA and ELISA and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Inoculation of monolayers with 10(4) to 5 X 10(5) oocysts/well resulted in a dose-dependent increase in infection. Time-course experiments showed that the number of parasitic stages was maximal at 18-24 h after inoculation. Infection was significantly enhanced by bile at concentrations of 50 and 100 microg/mL and inhibited by 400 microg/mL paromomycin. Infection of human biliary cells with C. parvum can be consistently achieved and monitored by use of IFA or ELISA. This system will be of use in evaluating mechanisms of C. parvum infection and response to therapeutic agents in biliary cryptosporidiosis.
Glucagon receptors in endothelial and Kupffer cells of mouse liver. (1988)

To determine whether hepatic sinusoidal cells contain glucagon receptors and, if so, to study the significance of the receptors in the cells, binding of [125I]-glucagon to nonparenchymal cells (mainly endothelial cells and Kupffer cells) isolated from mouse liver was examined by quantitative autoradiography and biochemical methods. Furthermore, the pathway of intracellular transport of colloidal gold-labeled glucagon (AuG) was examined in vivo. Autoradiographic and biochemical results demonstrated many glucagon receptors in both endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, and more receptors being present in endothelial cells than in Kupffer cells. In vivo, endothelial cells internalized AuG particles into coated vesicles via coated pits and transported the particles to endosomes, lysosomes, and abluminal plasma membrane. Therefore, receptor-mediated transcytosis of AuG occurs in endothelial cells. The number of particles present on the abluminal plasma membrane was constant if the amount of injected AuG increased. Therefore, the magnitude of receptor-mediated transcytosis of AuG appears to be regulated by endothelial cells. Kupffer cells internalized the ligand into cytoplasmic tubular structures via plasma membrane invaginations and transported the ligand exclusively to endosomes and lysosomes, suggesting that the ligand is degraded by Kupffer cells.
Approaches for improving tuple space search-based table lookup (2015)

One way for improving the tuple space search-based table lookup in the software system (e.g., flow matching process of Open vSwitch) is to reduce the number of tuple spaces to be examined. For this purpose, we discuss two approaches based on space-efficient data structures, Bloom filter and simTable proposed in this paper. Click-based experiments show that Bloom filter and simTable noticeably reduce the number of tuple spaces to be examined (i.e., the number of tuple spaces to be examined is 1 in most cases even with 121 tuple spaces). However, two approaches show different results in terms of the table lookup time. Bloom filter without hardware parallelism causes noticeable processing overhead that is heavily affected by the number of tuple spaces while simTable causes low processing overhead regardless of the number of tuple spaces. As a result, the use of Bloom filter/simTable increases/reduces the table lookup time compared to the original tuple space search-based table lookup (e.g., from 1917ns to 5032ns/432ns in case of 25 tuple spaces).
Stress Analysis of Hydride Bed Vessels Used for Tritium Storage (1992)

AbstractA prototype hydride storage bed was fitted with strain gages to measure strains occurring in the stainless steel bed vessel caused by expansion of the storage powder upon uptake of hydrogen. The strain remained low in the bed as hydrogen was added, up to a bed loading of about 0.5 hydrogen to metal atom ratio. The strain then increased with increasing hydrogen loading, up to the maximum loading ratio of ∼0.8. Different locations exhibited greatly different levels of maximum strain, suggesting that the powder does not flow as a fluid would to equalized the pressure. In no case was the design stress of the vessel exceeded.
Familial adenomatous polyposis patients have high levels of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and low levels of linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid in serum phospholipids (2006)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) provides a model of APC inactivation as an early genetic event for the approximately 85% of colorectal cancers that develop from polyps. Abnormal fatty acid composition of tissues and serum phospholipids has been linked to cancer risk. Our aim was to describe the composition of fatty acids in serum phospholipids in 38 colectomized FAP patients as compared to 160 healthy subjects. Mean fatty acid intakes were similar between the groups. Colectomy was done on average 16 years prior to inclusion, and 18% were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at colectomy. The levels (weight %) of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid were higher among the reference subjects (difference: 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.87, 5.04, and difference: 0.06, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.08, respectively), and the levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid were lower (difference: -3.70, 95% CI = -4.35, -3.06, and difference: -5.26, 95% CI = -6.25, -4.28, respectively) as compared to the FAP patients (all p < or = 0.0001). The abnormal fatty acid composition was not related to time since colectomy, intestinal reconstruction or history of colorectal cancer for any of the fatty acids assessed. Compositional differences in the fatty acid profile of serum phospholipids have not been described before in FAP patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess clinical significances of a possible distorted fatty acid metabolism, including a potentially different dietary need of essential fatty acids. The relevance of these findings for APC induced cancers remains unclear.
PATHOGENESIS OF THE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS OF NZB/W MICE (1968)

The development of glomerulonephritis in NZB/W mice is closely related to the formation of antinuclear, particularly anti-DNA, antibodies. The developing inflammatory glomerular lesions are characterized by the deposition of gammaG- and beta(1C)-globulins plus DNA and possibly other nuclear antigens, presumably as complexes, in a granular to lumpy pattern along the capillary walls and in the mesangia. Elution studies revealed the gammaG-globulin in the glomeruli to be largely gammaG(2A)-type antibody to soluble nuclear antigens. Enhancement of the antinuclear antibody response by active immunization of young NZB/W mice with DNA-methylated BSA hastens the development and increases the severity of the glomerulonephritis. Similarly, injections of soluble DNA into NZB/W mice with circulating anti-DNA antibodies but with as yet little nephritis causes rapid progression of nephritis.
Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry (2001)

Temporal and geometrical decorrelation often prevents SAR interferometry from being an operational tool for surface deformation monitoring and topographic profile reconstruction. Moreover, atmospheric disturbances can strongly compromise the accuracy of the results. The authors present a complete procedure for the identification and exploitation of stable natural reflectors or permanent scatterers (PSs) starting from long temporal series of interferometric SAR images. When, as it often happens, the dimension of the PS is smaller than the resolution cell, the coherence is good even for interferograms with baselines larger than the decorrelation one, and all the available images of the ESA ERS data set can be successfully exploited. On these pixels, submeter DEM accuracy and millimetric terrain motion detection can be achieved, since atmospheric phase screen (APS) contributions can be estimated and removed. Examples are then shown of small motion measurements, DEM refinement, and APS estimation and removal in the case of a sliding area in Ancona, Italy. ERS data have been used.
Characterization and comparison of membrane-associated and cytosolic cAMP-dependent protein kinases. Studies on human erythrocyte protein kinases. (1979)

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from human erythrocyte plasma membranes was solubilized with Triton X-100, partially purified, and systematically characterized by a series of physicochemical studies. Sedimentation and gel filtration experiments showed that the 6.6 S holoenzyme had a Stokes radius (a) of 5.7 nm and was dissociated into native 4.8 S cAMP-binding (a = 4.5 nm) and 3.2 S catalytic (a = 2.6 nm) subunits. A minimum subunit molecular weight of 48,000 was established for the regulatory subunit by photoaffinity labeling with 8-azido[32P]cAMP, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography. These data suggest an asymmetric tetrameric (R2C2) structure (Mr approximately equal to 160,000) for the membrane-derived enzyme. Membrane-derived protein kinase was characterized as a type I enzyme on the basis of its R subunit molecular weight, pI values (R, 4.9; holoenzyme, 5.75 and 5.95), dissociation by 0.5 M NaCl and 50 microgram/ml of protamine, 20-fold reduced affinity for cAMP in the presence of 0.3 mM MgATP, elution from DEAE-cellulose at low ionic strength, and kinetic and cAMP-binding properties. The physicochemical properties of the membrane protein kinase closely parallel the characteristics of erythrocyte cytosolic protein kinase I but are clearly dissimilar from those of the soluble type II enzyme. Moreover, regulatory subunits of the membrane-associated and cytosolic type I kinases were indistinguishable in size, shape, subunit molecular weight, charge, binding and reassociation properties, and peptide maps of the photoaffinity-labeled cAMP-binding site, suggesting a high degree of structural and functional homology in this pair of enzymes. In view of the predominant occurrence of particulate type II protein kinases in rabbit heart and bovine cerebral cortex, the present results suggest that the distribution of membrane-associated protein kinases may be tissue- or species-specific, but not isoenzyme-specific.