gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of α1(IV) Collagen Mutations in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and the Effects of α1 and α2(IV) Mutations on Type IV Collagen Distribution (1997)

Type IV collagen is a major component of basement membranes. We have characterized 11 mutations in emb-9, the alpha1(IV) collagen gene of Caenorhabditis elegans, that result in a spectrum of phenotypes. Five are substitutions of glycines in the Gly-X-Y domain and cause semidominant, temperature-sensitive lethality at the twofold stage of embryogenesis. One is a glycine substitution that causes recessive, non-temperature-sensitive larval lethality. Three putative null alleles, two nonsense mutations and a deletion, all cause recessive, non-temperature-sensitive lethality at the threefold stage of embryogenesis. The less severe null phenotype indicates that glycine substitution containing mutant chains dominantly interfere with the function of other molecules. The emb-9 null mutants do not stain with anti-EMB-9 antisera and show intracellular accumulation of the alpha2(IV) chain, LET-2, indicating that LET-2 assembly and/or secretion requires EMB-9. Glycine substitutions in either EMB-9 or LET-2 cause intracellular accumulation of both chains. The degree of intracellular accumulation differs depending on the allele and temperature and correlates with the severity of the phenotype. Temperature sensitivity appears to result from reduced assembly/secretion of type IV collagen, not defective function in the basement membrane. Because the dominant interference of glycine substitution mutations is maximal when type IV collagen secretion is totally blocked, this interference appears to occur intracellularly, rather than in the basement membrane. We suggest that the nature of dominant interference caused by mutations in type IV collagen is different than that caused by mutations in fibrillar collagens.
Preparation of pH-sensitive zwitterionic nano micelles and drug controlled release for enhancing cellular uptake (2016)

Zwitterionic copolymers have exhibited high resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption and have wide applications in drug delivery systems. Herein, a pH-responsive poly(Lysine-alt-N,N'-bis(acryloyl) diaminohexane) was synthesized through the Michael addition polymerization between N, N'-bis(acryloyl) diaminohexane and lysine. Subsequently, nano micelles (NMs) were formed by self-assembly of the copolymer in an aqueous solution. The NMs showed a slightly negative charge in blood environment, but a positively charged surface in extracellular pH of tumor. This feature could be used to enhance permeability and retention effect, and reinforce tumor cell uptake. Vitro release studies revealed that the release of DOX from the DOX-loaded NMs was evidently faster at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4. MTT assays revealed that NMs were nontoxic. Thus, these smart NMs were feasible candidates and could be potentially used in cancer chemotherapy.
Preparation of Hyper-Pure Silicon (1949)

The preparation of hyper‐pure silicon by reduction of silicon tetrachloride with zinc vapor is described. This reaction, which takes place at 950 C, was carried out in apparatus constructed of fused silica. The silicon prepared by this process was essentially spectrographically free of metallic impurities, and had extremely low electrical conductivity.
Finance Theory and Future Trends: The Shift to Integration (2000)

Risk is the central element that influences financial behavior. Measuring that influence, and analyzing ways of controlling and allocating risk, requires sophisticated mathematical and computational tools. Indeed, mathematical models of modern finance practice contain some of the most complex applications of probability and optimization theory. Those applications challenge the most powerful computational technologies. These are two essentially different frames of reference for trying to analyze and understand innovations in the financial system. One perspective takes as given the existing institutional structure of financial service providers, whether they be governmental or private sector, and examines what can be done to make those institutions perform their particular financial service more efficiently and profitably. An alternative to this traditional institutional perspective-and the one I favor-is the functional perspective, which takes as given the economic functions served by the financial system and examines what is the best institutional structure to perform those functions. The basic functions of a financial system are essentially the same in all economies, which makes them far more stable, across time and across geopolitical borders, than the identity and structure of the institutions performing them. Thus, a functional perspective offers a more robust frame of reference than an institutional one, especially in a rapidly changing financial environment. It is difficult to use institutions as the conceptual anchor for forecasting financial trends when institutional structures are themselves changing significantly-as has been the case for more than two decades, and which appears likely to continue well into the future. During the past 25 years, finance theory has been a good predictor of future changes in financial practice. That is, when theory seems to suggest that an institution, instrument, or a service should be there and it is not, practice has evolved so that it is. Placed in a normative context, current theory has been a fruitful source of ideas for subsequent innovations in finance practice.
Clinical and prognosis analysis in 78 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: a report from single center (2016)

Objective
To discuss and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sunitinib for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and further to analyze the associated prognostic factors.


Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in 78 cases with advanced renal cell carcinoma, receiving sunitinib therapy from April 2009 to December 2014. Patients consisted of 53 males and 25 females, with median age of 54 years old, ranged from 25-85 years old. Therapeutic regimen was described as following: 52 cases receiving sunitinib 50.0 mg/d 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off (4/2 regimen), 26 cases receiving 50.0 mg/d 2 weeks on and 1 weeks off (2/1 regimen). The dosage and regimen were adjusted according to the severity of side effects. Efficacy evaluation and drug-related toxicity were based on RECIST version 1.1 and CTCAE version 3.0. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the risk factors of PFS and OS.


Results
Nineteen cases switched from 4/2 to 2/1 regimen. Attenuated dosage was allowed in 49 cases to ameliorate drug-related toxicities. The most common drug-related toxicities were hand-foot syndrome (HFS) in 63 cases (80.8%), diarrhea in 59 cases (75.6%), fatigue in 59 cases (75.6%) and thrombocytopenia in 6 cases (71.8%). The most common grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicities were HFS in 9 cases (11.5%), thrombocytopenia in 6 cases (7.7%) and hypertension in 5 cases (6.4%). In RECIST evaluation, complete response (CR) was not recorded. 8 cases (10.3%) achieved partial response (PR) , 59 cases (75.6%) kept stable disease (SD) and 11 cases (14.1%) suffered progressive disease (PD). The objective response rate (ORR) was 10.3% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 85.9%. The median PFS was 11.0 months and median OS was 21.8 months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed two independent risk factors for PFS, including number of metastasis organs≥2 and a high ECOG score. One independent risk factor for OS was number of metastasis organs≥2.


Conclusions
Sunitinib shows encouraging efficacy and safety for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Patients with multiple metastatic organs and poor performance status seems to be high risky of poor prognosis.


Key words: 
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Sunitinib; Advanced renal cell carcinoma; Efficacy; Adverse reactions
A general backpropagation algorithm for feedforward neural networks learning (2002)

A general backpropagation algorithm is proposed for feedforward neural network learning with time varying inputs. The Lyapunov function approach is used to rigorously analyze the convergence of weights, with the use of the algorithm, toward minima of the error function. Sufficient conditions to guarantee the convergence of weights for time varying inputs are derived. It is shown that most commonly used backpropagation learning algorithms are special cases of the developed general algorithm.
GOSSIPO-4: Evaluation of a Novel PLL-Based TDC-Technique for the Readout of GridPix-Detectors (2014)

The direct readout of Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) with bare pixel chips introduces the need for a new generation of readout electronics featuring a high spatial granularity as well as a highly accurate time measurement in each pixel. GOSSIPO-4, fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS technology, is a demonstrator ASIC investigating the potential of a new TDC-concept that is based on a chip-wide 40 MHz clock which is complemented by an additional 640 MHz clock. The latter is created upon demand by local oscillators distributed across the pixel matrix. PLL tuning of the local oscillators allows for automatic compensation of frequency fluctuations caused by process parameter, supply voltage and temperature variations. The developed PLL locks within 4 μs and achieves a duty cycle of 50.75% with a time interval error of only 23.4 ps. Mean DNL and INL of the TDC are less than 20% of the time bin size of 1.56 ns under all anticipated conditions.
Lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation based on moving horizon (2014)

This paper is concentrate on state-of-charge(SOC) estimation of Lithium-ion battery which is used in electric vehicles. Due to constrains of battery(SOC constrain and disturbance constrain), moving horizon estimation(MHE) algorithm based on equivalent circuit model is proposed to estimate battery SOC. Compared with Kalman filter, MHE estimate state with more measured value, so it can filter noises better. Tuning parameters of the battery system are chosen to minimize the effects of measurement noises and SOC estimation error bounds. Compared with extended Kalman filter, the results of SOC estimated by MHE shows a better performance and can reduces SOC estimation error.
Con trick (1988)

I cannot understand the euphoria which is greeting the Government's response to Project 2000 in light of the biggest 'con' trick that nurses/ midwives have ever been subjected to. I refer of course to the clinical grading review and our reported 15-40 per cent pay increase.
On the design of neuro-fuzzy hybrid multichannel filters to remove impulsive noise for color image restoration (2000)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Accelerated Testing of Active Implantable Medical Devices (2009)

Abstract Although the intention of most in vitro accelerated tests performed on implantable medical devices is to exacerbate particular failure modes and evaluate the reliability of a device rapidly, these tests often do not yield the same type of failures, if any failures occur at all, as observed in service (i.e., in vivo). Unfortunately, a definitive correlation between in vitro accelerated life testing and in vivo experience can occur only after a device has been implanted in a human. Therefore, developing an appropriate suite of accelerated tests to estimate the service life of active implantable medical devices in vivo requires careful evaluation of the mechanical, environmental, and electrical conditions under which the devices typically operate. In this presentation, we discuss some of the considerations that must be taken into account, including the use of “abuse” tests intended to identify potential in vivo failure modes before accelerated tests are designed.
IN Situ Evaluation of Several Tailored-Pulse Well-Shooting Concepts (1980)

Abstract Dynamic stimulation techniques that produce multiple fracturing in a wellbore are being investigated for enhanced gas recovery. Multiple fracturing appears to be especially promising for stimulating naturally-fractured reservoirs, such as the Devonian shales, since this may be the most effective technique for connecting a wellbore to a pre-existing fracture network. Previous studies have demonstrated that detrimental effects can occur with high-strength explosive techniques and that these effects can be avoided through the use of propellants.1,2 The use of propellants and other so-called tailored-pulse techniques depend on a controlled pressure-time behavior to minimize wellbore damage and maximize fracture growth by gas penetration. This paper describes a series of five full-scale tests performed to evaluate various multi-frac concepts. The tests were conducted at the Nevada Test Site in cased, horizontal boreholes drilled in ash-fall tuff from a tunnel under 430 m of overburden. This site provides both realistic in situ conditions for the tests and access to the stimulated regions by mineback which permits direct observation of results. The five tailored-pulse concepts tested involve: Case A - a decoupled explosive,3 Case B - a decoupled explosive with propellant booster,3 Case C - a small-diameter propellant charge with pressurized water pad,4 Case D - three successive shots of Case C, and Case E - a full-diameter charge of a progressively-burning propellant.2 While direct observation by mineback is highly beneficial, evaluation and analysis of these test results also depended heavily on other diagnostics. Thirty-six stress-meters and accelerometers were fielded in the surrounding rock to record the dynamic disturbances, and each borehole contained transducers to measure the actual cavity pressures. Pre-test and post-test evaluations include TV log, caliper log, and permeability measurements. Permeability, which evaluates the effectiveness of the created fracture network to transmit fluids, was determined by analysis of constant-pressure, water-injection tests and the subsequent pressure decline after shut-in. Results show a large increase in formation permeability for Case E, modest increases for Cases B, C, and D and a decrease for Case A that appears due to the formation of a stress cage. A comparison of Case E results with previous tests suggests a multiple fracture criterion based on pressure rate with little effect of peak pressures.
Polymerizable Ultra-Thin Films: A New Technique for Fines Stabilization (1994)

ABSTRACT The detachment and migration of colloidal particles is an important cause of permeability decline in the near wellbore region. It is shown that polymerizable ultra thin film can be utilized to immobilize fines on pore surfaces. The Surface Adsorption Polymerization (SAP) process developed here is a three step process requiring a sequential injection of a specific concentration of the surfactant, monomer, and initiator. An ionic surfactant is first adsorbed on the solid substrate or the porous medium. In the second step, a monomer is injected that preferentially resides in the surfactant layer. In the final step, an initiator is used to polymerize the monomer on the surface to form a solid ultra thin film which is very stable and effectively holds the colloids on the surface. There are three major advantages of such a treatment. Firstly, there is a great deal of flexibility in the choice of monomers and surfactants used so that the mechanical and chemical properties of the film, can be tailored to meet the needs of a particular application. Secondly, when applied to porous media or microporous membranes the ultra thin film does not cause pore closure. The film is extremely thin and the thickness of the film can be controlled by using appropriate concentrations of the monomer and surfactant. Lastly, the polymerization does not occur in the bulk solution, resulting in minimal waste or damage caused by polymer formation in the bulk solution. The SAP process can be potentially applied to stabilizing fines in high rate producers, as a post flush after acidizing and in specialized applications such as steam huff and puff wells.
Real Time Estimation of Loads in Radial and Unsymmetrical Three-Phase Distribution Networks (2013)

This paper presents a load estimator for large scale asymmetric distribution networks. It is based on iterating between 1) a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator that attempts to adjust the forecasted load group values to the telemetered measurements and 2) a three-phase load flow employing the Fortescue transformation. The WLS estimation phase explicitly handles Y- and Δ-connected unbalanced loads and area losses; it can also identify bad measurements based on the estimated load scaling factors. Numerical results show that the proposed load estimator is superior to conventional load allocation based on current balancing, and that its performance is commensurate with the requirements of real-time applications on unsymmetrical radial distribution networks having up to one million nodes.
Chemical phase separation strategies towards silica monoliths with hierarchical porosity (2013)

In this tutorial review the preparation of monolithic silica materials with hierarchical porosity by the competing processes of sol-gel transition and chemical phase separation is summarized. Four principally different routes will be discussed in detail, including multiple micellar as well as high internal phase emulsion templating routes. Special emphasis is given to polymer-induced phase separation strategies either based on the deliberate choice of the polymer that is mixed into the gelling system or by the application of specifically designed hydrophilic silane precursors.
A plasma metabolite panel as biomarkers for early primary breast cancer detection (2018)

In recent years, metabolites have attracted substantial attention as promising novel biomarkers of various diseases. However, breast cancer plasma metabolite studies are still in their infancy. Here, we investigated the potential of metabolites to serve as minimally invasive, early detection markers of primary breast cancer. We profiled metabolites extracted from the plasma of primary breast cancer patients and healthy controls using tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS and FIA-MS/MS). Two metabolites were found to be upregulated, while 16 metabolites were downregulated in primary breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls in both the training and validation cohorts. A panel of seven metabolites was selected by LASSO regression analysis. This panel could differentiate primary breast cancer patients from healthy controls, with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81 ~ 0.92) in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71 ~ 0.87) in the validation cohort. These significantly differentiated metabolites are mainly involved in the amino acid metabolism and breast cancer cell growth pathways. In conclusion, using a metabolomics approach, we identified metabolites that have potential value for development of a multimarker blood-based test to complement and improve early breast cancer detection. The panel identified herein might be part of a prescreening tool, especially for younger women or for closely observing women with certain risks, to facilitate decision making regarding which individuals should undergo further diagnostic tests. In the future, the combination of metabolites and other blood-based molecular marker sets, such as DNA methylation, microRNA, and cell-free DNA mutation markers, will be an attractive option.
Analysis of Body Measurement Systems for Apparel (2006)

Many methods have been developed to measure the body in an effort to capture its dimensions for clothing. Measuring the human body has been important in developing garments tofit the body, and systems have reflected technology, needs of the consumer, andfocus of the apparel industry. The U. S. apparel industry has developed many techniques to measure the body, including custom-fitted to the individual, mass-sized and produced, and now, mass-customized. This paper reviews and evaluates historic and current methods of capturing body measurements, which are presented as linear methods, multiple probe methods, and body form methods, that use one or more of the following elements: point, length, surface, shape, and volume.
Analyse krigeante des donnees de prospection geochimique (1987)

Le perfectionnement des methodes de prospection geochimiques necessite le traitement d'une masse croissante d'informations. Le developpement des moyens informatiques permet l'emploi d'outils mathematiques sophistiques d'analyse statistique (analyse en composantes principales) et geostatique (variographie, krigeage). La recherche des liens theoriques unissant analyse statistique multivariable et geostatique multivariable conduit a l'etablissement des modeles geostatistiques d'analyse krigeante. Ces modeles theoriques, mono et multivariable, sont appliques a l'etude de 3 jeux de donnees de prospection geochimiques
儀旺 慕洛山城 出土 百濟土器類 檢討 (2004)

모락산성은 의왕시 오전동과 내손동 경계의 모락산 정상부에 축조된 백제 석축산성이다. 성내 채집유물은 모두 백제 한성기로 편년되는 토기류가 중심을 이룬다.
 주요기종은 호ㆍ옹ㆍ심발형토기ㆍ장란형토기 등이며, 선문이 타날된 호 또는 옹 등은 조족문 또는 저부에 승문을 타날한 경우도 있다. 격자문은 장란형 토기에, 승문 또는 승문+횡침선은 심발형 토기에...
Lead exposure in sandblasting. (1992)

Lead exposure in sandblasting. E K SilbergeldCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.3.464-b Published Online: November 15, 2011
45 Years with design methodology (2011)

This is not an article! With this evident contradiction inspired by René Magritte's painting of a pipe, I will underline the special conditions I was given by the editor. The intention is that I shall review my own work and career, to articulate key ideas and to tell what I see as future challenges in my area. Therefore the use of 'I' is in a non-traditional form. The object of this article is the author's Weltanschaung concerning design and designing as it has developed over a 45 years period as teacher and researcher. Three dimensions are treated in an attempt to answer the following questions: how can we establish rigour and strong foundation for researching design? How to explain to industry what they are doing, and how to create industrial support? And what to tell the students about designing? I will focus upon the dislocations which have led to the development of the current state and what we see as a comprehensive school of designing. Details about established results can be found in the literature; I will focus upon the questions, thoughts, problems and beliefs behind the answers, and unsolved or non-clarified aspects. The article follows three lines of development, labelled Theory of Technical Systems, Engineering Design and Product Development, and our attempts to create a totality out of design philosophy, Domain Theory, Theory of Properties and our understanding of product development. Together they are the main part of 'our school', namely the foundation of the group 'Engineering Design and Product Development' at the Technical University of Denmark; the 'Copenhagen School' as our friends often refer to us. The conclusion attempts to balance in a joint model what I see as the role of design research in the worlds of teaching and practice, and where I see the challenges for the future.