gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescence in Br-, Cl-, and Zn-implanted CuInSe2 <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junction diodes (1976)

p-n junction diodes have been prepared by implanting Br, Cl and Zn into p-type CuInSe2. The forward current-voltage characteristics can be expressed by I=I0[exp (eV/nkT)−1] with the parameter n≃2. Junctions made by implanting Br and Zn show rectification ratios of 2–3×105 : 1 at 1 V. Electroluminescence was observed in the wavelength region 1.3–1.4 μ with internal quantum efficiency of 20% at 77 °K and 0.1% at room temperature.
Understanding link quality in 802.11 mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Mobile ad hoc wireless networks will extend the Internet into new territory, making Web services available "anytime, anywhere." This creates new markets in such areas as pervasive computing and traffic management. We show that the communication quality of current 802.11 ad hoc networks is low, and that users can experience strong fluctuations in link quality as a result. They identify key factors that cause these fluctuations and derive implications for application development. In particular, applications must tolerate frequent disconnections, network partitioning, and latency variations that are far more severe than in conventional networks.
Catheters for optical coherence tomography (2011)

The objective of this review article is to overview technology, clinical evidence, and future applications to date optical coherence tomography (OCT) probes to yield the diagnostic purpose. We have reviewed the designing, construction and working of different categories of OCT probes developed for optical diagnostics having a potential for non invasive and improved detection of different types of cancer as well as other neoplasm. Rotational and balloon catheters, imaging needles and hand-held, linear scanning, multichannel, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology based, dynamic focusing, forward view imaging, and common path interferometer based probes have been discussed in details. The fiber probes have shown excellent performance for two dimensional and three dimensional higher resolution, cross-sectional imaging of interior and exterior body tissues that can be compared with histopathology to provide the information about the angiogenesis and other lesions in the tissue. The MEMS-technology based probes are found to be more suitable for three dimensional morphological imaging.
Structure of a Fructose-1,6-bis(phosphate) Aldolase Liganded to Its Natural Substrate in a Cleavage-Defective Mutant at 2.3 Å<sup>,</sup> (1999)

Class I fructose-1,6-bis(phosphate) aldolase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bis(phosphate) through a covalent Schiff base intermediate. Although the atomic structure of this enzyme is known, assigning catalytic roles to the various enzymic active-site residues has been hampered by the lack of a structure for the enzyme-substrate complex. A mutant aldolase, K146A, is unable to cleave the C3-C4 bond of the hexose while retaining the ability to form the covalent intermediate, although at a greatly diminished rate. The structure of rabbit muscle K146A-aldolase A, in complex with its native substrate, fructose 1,6-bis(phosphate), is determined to 2.3 A resolution by molecular replacement. The density at the hexose binding site differs between subunits of the tetramer, in that two sites show greater occupancy relative to the other two. The hexose is bound in its linear, open conformation, but not covalently linked to the Schiff base-forming Lys-229. Therefore, this structure most likely represents the bound complex of hexose just after hemiketal hydrolysis and prior to Schiff base formation. The C1-phosphate binding site involves the three backbone nitrogens of Ser-271, Gly-272, and Gly-302, and the epsilon-amino group of Lys-229. This is the same binding site previously found for the analogous phosphate of the product DHAP. The C6-phosphate binding site involves three basic side chains, Arg-303, Arg-42, and Lys-41. The residues closest to Lys-229 were relatively unchanged in position when compared to the unbound wild-type structure. The major differences between the bound and unbound enzyme structures were observed in the positions of Lys-107, Arg-303, and Arg-42, with the greatest difference in the change in conformation of Arg-303. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on those residues with different conformations in bound versus unbound enzyme. The kinetic constants of these mutant enzymes with the substrates fructose 1, 6-bis(phosphate) and fructose 1-phosphate are consistent with their ligand interactions as revealed by the structure reported here, including differing effects on k(cat) and K(m) between the two substrates depending on whether the mutations affect C6-phosphate binding. In the unbound state, Arg-303 forms a salt bridge with Glu-34, and in the liganded structure it interacts closely with the substrate C6-phosphate. The position of the sugar in the binding site would require a large movement prior to achieving the proper position for covalent catalysis with the Schiff base-forming Lys-229. The movement most likely involves a change in the location of the more loosely bound C6-phosphate. This result suggests that the substrate has one position in the Michaelis complex and another in the covalent complex. Such movement could trigger conformational changes in the carboxyl-terminal region, which has been implicated in substrate specificity.
A complex polynomial predistorter chip in CMOS for baseband or IF linearization of RF power amplifiers (2003)

This paper describes the implementation of a 5th order complex polynomial predistorter chip in CMOS for linearization of RF power amplifiers. The architecture chosen allows operation either at baseband or IF. The chip was implemented in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process and operates at 3.3 V supply voltage with 60 mW power consumption. The special architecture of the polynomial predistorter is exploited to reduce the complexity and current consumption of individual blocks. Two-tone measurements performed at an IF of 200 MHz demonstrates that third order intermodulation products can be suppressed by more than 30 dB.
Engineering models and software quality models (2008)

The paper compares the models used for software quality evaluation to the modelling approach of other engineering fields. The conclusion is that, while large efforts have been devoted to the definition of measurable attributes and related measures, product models specifically developed for measuring quality characteristics are until now not sufficiently explored. We explore the concept of "quality-oriented specialized product models" and we claim that this is an important ingredient for an engineering approach to the software quality measurement. We describe an example of this type of models for measuring the security of a specific type of copy protection mechanisms. The model forecasts the amount of time a hypothetical attacker would need to break the protection.
Observations on the Causal Organism of Rat-Bite Fever in Man (1924)

In June, 1923, a patient was admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases giving a typical history of rat-bite fever, and showing all the clinical signs of the disease.The clinical aspects of the case have already been published in detail by Dr. G. C. Low (1924), Senior Physician, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, and the following observations have been made on a strain of the parasite derived-thanks to the courtesy of Dr. Low-from this patient.On 11th June, 1923, two rats and two mice were inoculated with citrated blood from the patient, who was then at the height of a pyrexial attack, the former being given about 3 c.c. each, and the latter 1-5 c.c. all intraperitoneally.Of the four animals inoculated, only one mouse showed the parasite in its peripheral blood.These animals had been bred in the laboratory, and examinations of their blood for several days previous to the inoculation failed to reveal parasites.The appearances and behaviour of the parasite in this mouse were such as to indicate that the organism differed in many respects from the members of the genera Spirvochaeta, Leptospira, etc.to which it has at times been referred, and accordingly search was made through the literature for previous descriptions. HISTORICALVandyke Carter (1887) published a description of a Spirillum, which he discovered in the blood of a rat (Mus decumanus), in India.His attention was first drawn to the possible presence of some parasite by a quick, twirling movement of the red blood corpuscles in
Identifying Latent Study Habits by Mining Learner Behavior Patterns in Massive Open Online Courses (2014)

MOOCs attract diverse users with varying habits. Identifying those patterns through clickstream analysis could enable more effective personalized support for student information seeking and learning in that online context. We propose a novel method to characterize types of sessions in MOOCs by mining the habitual behaviors of students within individual sessions. We model learning sessions as a distribution of activities and activity sequences with a topical N-gram model. The representation offers insights into what groupings of habitual student behaviors are associated with higher or lower success in the course. We also investigate how context information, such as time of day or a user's demographic information, is associated with the types of learning sessions.
Progress on research and application of modified natural zeolite (2008)

The natural zeolite has the special ionic exchange characteristics, which makes it possible to remove ammonia nitrogen in waste water. The authors summarized the literature in the fields of modification by natural zeolite from the years of 2001 to 2007, the literature covered the discussions of varies locations, different characteristics, and varied applications of the natural zeolite in China. The modified methods are mainly ionic exchange, roasting modification, mineral surface modification and carrier modification.
Can Falls Risk Prediction Tools Correctly Identify Fall-Prone Elderly Rehabilitation Inpatients? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2012)

We did not identify any tool which had an optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity, or which were clearly better than a simple clinical judgment of risk of falling. The limited number of identified studies with major methodological limitations impairs sound conclusions on the usefulness of falls risk prediction tools in geriatric rehabilitation hospitals.
Development of the Methanol-to-Gasoline Process (1983)

Mobil has developed a new process for conversion of methanol to high quality gasoline using a unique class of shape-selective zeolite catalysts. This process provides a novel route to gasoline from either coal or natural gas via intermediate methanol. Two reactor systems have been devised by Mobil for this process-fixed bed and fluid bed. The first commercial application of the fixed-bed process will be in a 14,000 B/D (gasoline) plant based on natural gas which will be located in New Zealand. The fluid-bed process is being scaled up to a 100 B/D (methanol) demonstration plant located in W. Germany. In this paper, the chemistry of the process is reviewed and the engineering involved in selection, scale-up, and design of an appropriate reactor system to produce an acceptable product is discussed.
Phase 1 study of ARQ 197, a selective inhibitor of the c-Met RTK in patients with metastatic solid tumors reaches recommended phase 2 dose (2007)

3525 Background: ARQ 197 is a selective inhibitor of the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase, an oncogene implicated in tumor invasiveness, metastasis, cancer cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, chemoresistance and angiogenesis. The c-Met RTK is a high-affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). c-Met and HGF are dysregulated in a broad spectrum of cancers, thus inhibitors of c-Met could be promising targeted agents deserving clinical investigation. Methods: A phase 1 dose escalation study in metastatic pts who failed standard therapy was initiated to determine safety, tolerability, RP2D, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and preliminary antitumor activity of ARQ 197. Cycles consisted of twice-daily oral dosing of ARQ197 for two out of 3 weeks. Results: Thirty-eight pts were enrolled with data available for 36 pts (21M/15F; median age 61). Ten cohorts were assessed ranging from 10 to 360 mg/day. ARQ 197 was well tolerated and no DLT was observed. All treated pts achieved plasma drug concentrations significantly above the in vitro IC 50 . Doses through 70 mg b.i.d. revealed C max and AUC (0–12hr) increased linearly. There was no further increase in systemic exposure in pts treated with 90 through 180 mg b.i.d. There was notable inter-patient variability in C max and AUC (0–12hr), typical of oral dosing. The effects of cytochrome P450 polymorphism will be discussed. Adverse events (N=29) were generally mild with the most common being: fatigue (24 %), diarrhea (21%), and constipation (21%). Grade 3 or greater events possibly or probably related to ARQ 197 include: elevated ALP (3%), ALT (3%) and AST (3%). Of the 38 pts enrolled, 36 received at least one complete cycle of ARQ 197 with 33 evaluable for efficacy. Two pts achieved a PR (1 confirmed) and 19 had stable disease (SD) 21 10+ to 34+ weeks. Conclusions: Based on pharmacokinetic data, a RP2D for ARQ 197 was determined to be 120 mg b.i.d. Higher oral doses did not result in increased systemic systemic exposure to the drug. Eleven pts remain on study and continue to receive ARQ 197 treatment. A favorable adverse event profile and encouraging signs of anti-tumor activity was observed and continuous daily dosing of ARQ 197 is now being explored to better define clinical toxicity and efficacy. [Table: see text]
Novel Heterogeneous Integration Technology of III–V Layers and InGaAs FinFETs to Silicon (2014)

Heterogeneous integration of III–V compound semiconductors to Si substrates is regarded as a necessary step for advancing high‐speed electronics and hybrid optoelectronic systems for data processing and communications, and is extensively being pursued by the semiconductor industry. Here, an innovative fab‐compatible, hybrid integration process of III–V materials to Si, namely InGaAs thin films to insulator‐on‐Si, is reported, and the first III–V FinFET devices on Si are demonstrated. Transfer of crystalline InGaAs layers with high quality to SiO2/Si is accomplished by the formation of a robust interfacial nickel‐silicide (NiSi) bonding interface, marking the first report for using silicides in III–V hybrid integration technology. The performance of optimally fabricated InGaAs FinFETs on insulator on Si is systematically investigated for a broad range of channel lengths and Fin perimeters with excellent switching characteristics. This demonstrates a viable approach to large‐scale hybrid integration of active III‐V devices to mainstream Si CMOS technology, enabling low‐power electronic and fully‐integrated optoelectronic applications.
Large ultrafast photoinduced magnetic anisotropy in a cobalt-substituted yttrium iron garnet (2010)

We demonstrate experimentally that excitation of a Co-substituted ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet thin film with linearly polarized 100 fs laser pulses triggers large-angle magnetization precession with an amplitude, phase, and frequency determined by the characteristics of the laser pulse. The precession results from a light-induced anisotropy field with a characteristic lifetime of 20 ps, the direction of which is determined by the polarization of the light. Its strength for a pump intensity of $25\text{ }\text{mJ}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$ is 250 G which is comparable to the intrinsic anisotropy of the sample. By choosing the proper laser-pulse parameters, we were able to excite a precession with an amplitude as large as $20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and a precession frequency modified by up to 50%.
Some observations on the β‐adrenoceptor agonist properties of the isomers of salbutamol (1973)

1. The pharmacological activities of the optical isomers of salbutamol have been examined. (-)-Salbutamol was much more potent than (+)-salbutamol on beta-adrenoceptors.2. Both (-)- and (+)-salbutamol showed high selectivity for beta-adrenoceptors in bronchial muscle compared to cardiac muscle, in this way resembling racemic salbutamol.3. The use of isomeric activity ratio to detect differences between receptors was examined in the light of the results obtained with the isomers of salbutamol.
Physiologic Dysfunction of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia (1986)

We conducted two xenon Xe 133 inhalation regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies to clarify earlier findings of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) dysfunction in medication-free patients with chronic schizophrenia. In the first study, 24 neuroleptic-treated patients and 25 normal controls underwent three rCBF procedures, first while at rest, then during the Wisconsin Card Sort (WCS), which tests DLPFC cognitive function, and during a number-matching task that controlled for aspects of the WCS-rCBF experience not specifically related to DLPFC. The results were qualitatively identical to those previously reported for medication-free patients. In the second study, rCBF was determined while 18 medication-free patients and 17 normal control subjects each performed two versions of a visual continuous performance task (CPT). No differences in DLPFC blood flow between the two groups were found during either CPT condition. These data suggest that DLPFC dysfunction in schizophrenia is independent of medication status and not determined simply by state factors such as attention, mental effort, or severity of psychotic symptoms. Dysfunction of DLPFC appears to be a cognitively linked physiologic deficit in this illness.
[Four new cases and a review of the literature concerning the migraine with csf pleocytosis syndrome]. (1996)

The syndrome known as migraine with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis is a clinical syndrome of controversial pathogenesis characterized by typical migraine headaches occurring in a fixed period of time along with lymphocyte pleocytosis in CSF which persists during intercritical periods. We present four new cases of this syndrome diagnosed in our service and we review those cases published in the literature in which there were no personal headache antecedents, attempting in this way to separate this syndrome from other types of migraine as included in the present classification. There also exists the possibility that it might be a question of a secondary process, the pathogenesis of which may play a part in the activation of the humoral immune system, given the frequent existence of immunogenic antecedents the previous days as well as that of a humoral reaction expressed as an increase in IgG levels in CSF with normal blood electrophoresis.
An Exosome‐Based Vaccine Platform Imparts Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Immunity Against Viral Antigens (2017)

Exosomes are 50-150 nm sized nanovesicles released by all eukaryotic cells. The authors very recently described a method to engineer exosomes in vivo with the E7 protein of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). This technique consists in the intramuscular injection of a DNA vector expressing HPV-E7 fused at the C-terminus of an exosome-anchoring protein, that is, Nef<sup>mut</sup> , the authors previously characterized for its high levels of incorporation in exosomes. In this configuration, the ≈11 kDa E7 protein elicited a both strong and effective antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity. Attempting to establish whether this method could have general applicability, the authors expanded the immunogenicity studies toward an array of viral products of various origin and size including Ebola Virus VP24, VP40 and NP, Influenza Virus NP, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever NP, West Nile Virus NS3, and Hepatitis C Virus NS3. All antigens appeared stable upon fusion with Nef<sup>mut</sup> , and are uploaded in exosomes at levels comparable to Nef<sup>mut</sup> . When injected in mice, DNA vectors expressing the diverse fusion products elicited a well detectable antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response associating with a cytotoxic activity potent enough to kill peptide-loaded and/or antigen-expressing syngeneic cells. These data definitely proven both effectiveness and flexibility of this innovative CTL vaccine platform.
Generating exact ray-traced animation frames by reprojection (1995)

Reprojection techniques can create approximate ray traced animation frames. Extending an existing algorithm yields exact frames and full ray tracing, with up to 92 percent savings in rendering time. We present an algorithm that exploits spatiotemporal coherence between frames to significantly decrease the rendering time of ray traced animations. This method produces inferred ray traced images of any scene that can be ray traced using a point sampled method. The images created by the algorithm are not approximated frames created from weighted averages of other frames, nor are they frames patched together from near frame pixel values. The algorithm guarantees that a color seen in a subpixel would be returned by a ray passing somewhere through that subpixel, but not necessarily though the center. This algorithm efficiently creates frames of any view that can be ray traced. While the savings increase with the complexity of the rendered objects and the preponderance of diffuse objects, significant savings occur with reflective and refractive objects. However, the technique requires the ray tracing method to be point sample oriented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vivo antioxidant treatment suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B activation and neutrophilic lung inflammation (1996)

We hypothesized that endotoxin injection in rats would stimulate in vivo nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation in lung tissue and that antioxidant treatment before endotoxin injection would attenuate endotoxin-induced NF-kappa B activation, chemokine gene expression, and neutrophilic lung inflammation. We studied NF-kappa B activation in rat lung tissue following a single i.p. injection of endotoxin (6 mg/kg). After in vivo endotoxin treatment, lung NF-kappa B activation peaked at 2 h and temporally correlated with the expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant mRNA in lung tissue. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1 h before endotoxin resulted in decreased lung NF-kappa B activation in a dose-dependent manner (from 200-1000 mg/kg) and diminished cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant mRNA expression in lung tissue. Treatment with NAC significantly suppressed endotoxin-induced neutrophilic alveolitis. The average total lung lavage neutrophil count was 5.5 x 10(6) with endotoxin treatment vs 0.9 x 10(6) with NAC treatment before endotoxin. The NF-kappa B pathway represents an attractive therapeutic target for strategies to control neutrophilic inflammation and lung injury.
Two new species of letterwood (Piratinera) (1922)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.