gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of epitaxial films of Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 with various low-index orientations by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (1997)

Epitaxial thin films of pure-phase Fe3O4(110), Fe3O4(111), α-Fe2O3(112̄0), and α-Fe2O3(11̄02) have been grown on MgO(110), α-Al2O3(0001), α-Al2O3(112̄0), and α-Al2O3(11̄02) substrates, respectively, by molecular beam epitaxy using an elemental Fe source and an electron cyclotron resonance oxygen plasma source. Characterization of the crystal structures, chemical states, and epitaxial relationships was carried out using a variety of techniques, including in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), low-energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy/diffraction, and ex situ x-ray reflectivity and diffraction. Real-time RHEED reveals that Fe3O4 growth on MgO appears in a step-flow fashion, whereas the growth of Fe3O4(111) on α-Al2O3(0001) occurs initially by island formation, and then island coalescence. However, the growth of α-Fe2O3 on α-Al2O3 appears to follow an intermediate growth mode. The formation of pure-phase films is controlled largely by oxygen partial pressure, plasma power, and growth rate, but appears to be independent of growth temperature, at least from 250 to 550 °C. The present study demonstrates that selective growth of pure-phase iron oxides with various low-index orientations can be achieved by controlling the growth conditions and selecting suitable substrates.
Interplay between chromatin remodelers and protein arginine methyltransferases (2007)

Chromatin modifying enzymes have emerged as key regulators of all DNA based processes, which control cell growth, development, and differentiation. Recently, it has become clear that different chromatin remodeling and histone-modifying activities are involved in transcriptional activation and repression. Among the enzymes involved in regulating chromatin structure is the family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that specializes in methylating both histones as well as key cellular proteins. There are eleven different PRMT genes (PRMT1-11) whose biological function remains under explored. PRMTs regulate various cellular processes such as DNA repair and transcription, RNA processing, signal transduction, and nucleo-cytoplasmic localization. Like histone lysine methylation, methylation of histone arginine residues can either induce or inhibit transcription depending on the residue being modified and the type of methylation being introduced. In this review, we will focus on the latest findings and biological roles of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and PRMT enzymes, and how their aberrant expression is linked to cancer.
QuickSilver distributed file services: an architecture for horizontal growth (2003)

An architecture is presented for a file service capable of supporting a very large number of users. It provides each user with a lifetime involvement with the file service while giving the appearance of a single homogeneous system. The architecture is based on the provision of an independent name space for each user and the use of hints for name resolution. File caching is supported and server callbacks are used to aid in maintaining cache consistency. Update-in-place semantics are provided for those applications that required direct access to localized parts of the files. All file service metadata are updated in atomic and recoverable ways using write-ahead logging. The file service also supports user-level distributed atomic actions based on a two-phase commit synchronization protocol. It supports user and resource reassignments in a location-independent way by using the system's user location mechanism during file name resolution. File sharing information remains valid even when participants migrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of nucleus pulposus‐like tissue formed in vitro (2001)

In order to be able to study the metabolism of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue, we developed a cell culture system that resulted in the formation of NP-like tissue in vitro. NP cells were isolated from sheep lumbar spines and grown on filter inserts (Millicell CM). Histological examination showed that the cells accumulated extracellular matrix and formed a continuous layer of NP-like tissue. The accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans in the NP-like tissue continued up to 10 weeks and this was paralleled by an increase in tissue thickness and dry weight. DNA content remained stable during the first 4 weeks but then decreased over time. The amount of DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen per mg dry weight of the tissue generated after 10 weeks in culture were 1.25+/-0.02, 301.6+/-27.7 and 411+/-65 microg, respectively, compared with 1.04+/-0.08, 320.6+/-21.2 and 399+/-4.4 microg (mean +/- SEM) for the in vivo tissue. There was no significant difference between in vitro and in vivo tissue. The cells in culture synthesized large proteoglycans (kav = 0.26+/-0.03, mean +/- S.D.) which were similar in size to those synthesized by cells in NP tissue in ex vivo culture (kav = 0.22+/-0.02, mean +/- S.D.) as determined by Sepharose CL-2B column chromatography. The in vitro generated tissue contained type II collagen as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) and silver staining as well as Western blot analysis. NP cells grown on filters generate tissue similar in composition to the in vivo tissue, for the characteristics examined to date, and should be a suitable model to use to study NP metabolism and extracellular matrix turnover.
Silicon–Nitride-Passivated Bottom-Up Single-Electron Transistors (2013)

We report the elaboration of SiN x -passivated chemically assembled single-electron transistors (SETs) by bottom-up processes involving electroless Au plating and the chemisorption of Au nanoparticles. With a Au top-gate electrode, the SiN x -passivated SETs showed a clear Coulomb diamond at 9 K and the top-gate capacitance was 17 times larger than the side-gate capacitance. Moreover, Coulomb oscillation and the Coulomb diamond were observed even at 160 K. Thus, planar technology is applicable to chemically assembled SETs.
Advances in Functionalization of Polymer supports for Synthesis and Modification of Oligonucleotides (1998)

Department of Biotechnology, C.G.O. Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-11 0 003 Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Centre for Biochemical Technology, Mall Road, Delhi-110 007 <em>Manuscript received 13 May 1997, revised 28 July 1997, accepted 25 August 1997</em> Advances in Functionalization of Polymer supports for Synthesis and Modification of Oligonucleotides.
Security Test and Evaluation Tools: An Approach to Operating System Security Analysis (1974)

As a result of studies of the security characteristics of selected large operating systems, it has become increasingly evident that any complex operating system requires testing and evaluation in order to validate the functional characteristics of the system and verify claims of improved security safeguards. Furthermore, over the next decade, it is likely that new systems will be subject to continuous testing and evaluation in much the same fashion, and for the same purposes, as are existing systems. As yet, the techniques employed in determining the security characteristics of system software are presently quite primitive, based primarily upon the notion of penetration testing - manually examining system source materials for security vulnerabilities. This suggests the development and refinement of tools and techniques of operating system security analysis. Some of the more desirable characteristics of such tools are explored in this document, and several example tools are described.
Electrode-shaping for the excitation and detection of permitted arbitrary modes in arbitrary geometries in piezoelectric resonators (2012)

This paper reports theoretical analysis and experimental results on a numerical electrode shaping design technique that permits the excitation of arbitrary modes in arbitrary geometries for piezoelectric resonators, for those modes permitted to exist by the nonzero piezoelectric coefficients and electrode configuration. The technique directly determines optimal electrode shapes by assessing the local suitability of excitation and detection electrode placement on two-port resonators without the need for iterative numerical techniques. The technique is demonstrated in 61 different electrode designs in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film on silicon RF micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) plate, beam, ring, and disc resonators for out-of-plane flexural and various contour modes up to 200 MHz. The average squared effective electromechanical coupling factor for the designs was 0.54%, approximately equivalent to the theoretical maximum value of 0.53% for a fully electroded length-extensional mode beam resonator comprised of the same composite. The average improvement in S(21) for the electrode-shaped designs was 14.6 dB with a maximum improvement of 44.3 dB. Through this piezoelectric electrodeshaping technique, 95% of the designs showed a reduction in insertion loss.
Recursive Spatial Transformer (ReST) for Alignment-Free Face Recognition (2017)

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has led to significant progress in face recognition. Currently most CNN-based face recognition methods follow a two-step pipeline, i.e. a detected face is first aligned to a canonical one predefined by a mean face shape, and then it is fed into a CNN to extract features for recognition. The alignment step transforms all faces to the same shape, which can cause loss of geometrical information which is helpful in distinguishing different subjects. Moreover, it is hard to define a single optimal shape for the following recognition, since faces have large diversity in facial features, e.g. poses, illumination, etc. To be free from the above problems with an independent alignment step, we introduce a Recursive Spatial Transformer (ReST) module into CNN, allowing face alignment to be jointly learned with face recognition in an end-to-end fashion. The designed ReST has an intrinsic recursive structure and is capable of progressively aligning faces to a canonical one, even those with large variations. To model non-rigid transformation, multiple ReST modules are organized in a hierarchical structure to account for different parts of faces. Overall, the proposed ReST can handle large face variations and non-rigid transformation, and is end-to-end learnable and adaptive to input, making it an effective alignment-free face recognition solution. Extensive experiments are performed on LFW and YTF datasets, and the proposed ReST outperforms those two-step methods, demonstrating its effectiveness.
Self-Feeding Transplanter for Tobacco and Vegetable Crops (1987)

TWO proprietary transplanters, self-feeding from intact-root plants in a strand of paper cells, were evaluated along with a bare-root transplanter designed and constructed by the authors. The bare-root transplanter used plants from a special digger which sewed through the leaves to form a continuous strand. One of the proprietary machines gripped plants between pairs of hands which then rotated, Ferris wheel fashion, into the furrow and released the plant. It operated well at speeds up to about 100 plants/min. The other proprietary machine fed the strand of plants between a pair of feed rollers into a rapidly rotating pair of accelerator rollers which broke the strand between plants and propelled the plant into the drop tube. It operated well at speeds up to 140 plants/min except for some blockage in the drop tube. The authors' bare-root machine fed plants between vee-belts past a microswitch which controlled the operation of the strand cutter and ejection of the plant into the furrow. It operated at speeds up to 43 plants/min, but performance was only about 70%. The intact-root machines performed well, but the bare-root transplanter used plants from field beds which are less expensive and require less management than the greenhouses used to produce the intact-root plants.
Quantitation of soluble and membrane‐bound FC7RIIA (CD32A) mRNA in platelets and megakaryoblastic cell line (Meg‐01) (1995)

Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma Rs) are glycoproteins on platelet surface that bind IgG-containing immune complexes. However, excessive binding of immune complexes leads to platelet activation and thrombosis or increased platelet clearance and thrombocytopenia. In this study, Fc gamma R transcripts in platelets and megakaryoblastic cell line (Meg-01) were investigated using specifically designed oligonucleotides and a new quantitative in situ hybridization assay. Platelets and Meg-01 cells were found to express only Fc gamma RII transcripts. Of Fc gamma RIIA mRNA isoforms (Fc gamma RIIA, B and C), Fc gamma RIIA mRNA predominates in these cells. Platelets and Meg-01 cells contain both alternative spliced forms of Fc gamma RIIA mRNA, those with and without the transmembrane (TM) exon and both forms were present in near equal amounts. In contrast, Fc gamma RIIA transcript with the TM exon predominates in neutrophils and monocytes, suggesting that the splicing of the TM exon is under lineage-specific control.
Synthesis and Characterization of Star-Shaped Poly(<i>N,N</i>-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and Its Quaternized Ammonium Salts (2007)

We report on the synthesis and characterization of star-shaped strong polyelectrolytes and their precursor stars with up to 24 arms. To achieve this we polymerized 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) by atom transfer radical polymerization employing a core-first attempt. Sugar-based scaffolds as well as silsesquioxane nanoparticles were used as oligofunctional initiators. Subsequent quaternization of the obtained poly(DMAEMA) stars yielded star-shaped poly{[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium iodide} (PMETAI). The initiation site efficiency was determined both by molecular weight measurements of the cleaved arms and by a statistical method after partial destruction of the inorganic core. The rather low efficiency of the initiation sites (30−75%) leads to a moderate arm number distribution of the prepared polyelectrolyte stars. As expected, the hydrodynamic radii of these polyelectrolyte stars decrease with increasing ionic strength. However, if the ionic strength was adjusted with NaI instead of NaCl, pronounced ion-specific effects were observed; the star polyelectrolyte first strongly shrinks with increasing salt concentration and becomes insoluble at about 0.5 M NaI (“salting out”). Still higher concentrations of NaI lead to a redissolution and a reswelling of the star polyelectrolyte (“salting in”). The measured osmotic coefficients are low and decrease with increasing arm number from φ ∼ 0.12 for a 3-arm star down to φ ∼ 0.04 for an 18-arm star, confirming the expected strong counterion confinement within these objects with high charge density.
The Genetic Basis of Transmission-Ratio Distortion and Male Sterility Due to the t Complex (1991)

The abnormal transmission ratios observed in male mice heterozygous for a complete t haplotype have been shown by breeding studies to be due to three or more distorter genes acting on a responder gene. The action of the t form of the responder is relatively resistant to this harmful action. When the distorters are homozygous, their harmful action is more severe. The t form of the responder is then affected, and the males are sterile. The distorter and responder genes are distributed over a region occupying the proximal third of mouse chromosome 17. Crossover suppression between t and wild-type bapiotypes in this region is due to the presence of inversions and is thought to be selectively advantageous in locking the genetic factors together. The recessive lethals carried by many t haplotypes are also thought to be advantageous in removing the sterile males from the population. Transmission ratio is also affected by genetic background, and there is evidence of differences among t haplotypes either in the responder or in cis-acting effects of distorters.
Improvement of transparent organic thin film transistor performance by inserting a lithium fluoride buffer layer (2008)

Pentacene-based highly transparent thin-film transistors which are fabricated by inserting a thin insulating lithium fluoride layer between pentacene and transparent source/drain electrodes are presented. Through this method, device performance can be enhanced dramatically with an average transmittance of as high as 69.72% in the visible region, indicating that the LiF layer is not responsible for optical transmission. For example, there is a significant improvement of a few times with the introduction of the 1-nm-thick LiF layer, the maximum saturation drain current and the field-effect mobility. These improvements are attributed to the energy band realignment and the tunneling process.
How online word‐of‐mouth impacts receivers (2019)

Abstract Online word‐of‐mouth (WOM) can impact consumers’ product evaluations, purchase intentions, and choices—but when does it do so? How do those receiving WOM know whether to rely on a particular message? This article suggests that the multiple players involved in online WOM (receivers, senders, sellers, platforms, and other consumers) each have their own interests, which are often in conflict. Thus, receivers of WOM are faced with a judgment task in deciding what information to rely on: They must make inferences about the product in question and about the players who provide or present WOM. To do so, they use signals embedded in various components of WOM, such as average star ratings, message content, or sender characteristics. The product and player information provided by these signals shapes the impact of WOM by allowing receivers to make inferences about (a) their likelihood of product satisfaction, and (b) the trustworthiness of WOM players, and therefore the trustworthiness of their content. This article summarizes how each player changes the impact of online WOM, providing a lens for understanding the current literature in online WOM, offering insights for theory in this context, and opening up pathways for future research.
Fabry-Perot tunable infrared filter based on structured reflectors (2012)

This paper reports on the application of sub-wavelength structured single layer reflectors in a Fabry-Perot-Interferometer (FPI) that are used in order to replace distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR). A pair of two-dimensional arrays of ring resonators was analyzed. A 100 nm thin Al layer is regularly patterned to form a meta-surface structure. It shows high reflectance in a sufficiently wide wavelength range. This design approach has the advantage that an optimization can be done by varying geometry parameters of lateral structures only. Moreover, the material is highly compatible to standard MEMS processes. The structures used here are rings that are arranged in a two-dimensional array. Thus, parameters to be varied are the inner and the outer ring diameters and the array pitch. The optimum dimensions of the metal rings have been found iteratively. Samples were fabricated by structuring of two silicon wafers and subsequent wafer bonding. Deep dry etching of the reflector carriers from the back side in the areas of the resonator arrays results in free standing silicon nitride membranes that carry the resonators. The carrier membranes elastically suspend the reflecting ring resonators for variation of the cavity width. Finally, the substrates are assembled by a wafer bonding technique utilizing a SU-8 polymer layer with a very definite thickness. A peak transmittance of 55%, a bandwidth FWHM = 100 nm and a modulation contrast of M = 50:1 were achieved. The optical performance was measured by fourier transform infrared spectrometer and compared to the simulation results. It shows a widely good agreement of calculation and measurement.
Some Esters of Normal Aliphatic Alcohols and Acids<sup>1</sup> (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Esters of Normal Aliphatic Alcohols and Acids1John H. Hoback, Denzil O. Parsons, and J. F. BartlettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 8, 1606–1607Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01248a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (189 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A component-based architecture for power-efficient media access control in wireless sensor networks (2007)

The diverse requirements of wireless sensor network applications necessitate the development of multiple media access control (MAC) protocols to meet their varying throughput, latency, and network lifetime needs. Building new MAC protocols has proven to be extremely difficult, however, given the monolithic nature of existing protocol implementations as well as their dependence on a particular radio or processor platform. To address these issues, we propose the MAC Layer Architecture (MLA), a component-based architecture for power-efficient MAC protocol development in wireless sensor networks. MLA consists of optimized, reusable components that implement a common set of features shared by existing MAC protocols, as well as abstractions that encapsulate the intricacies of the hardware platforms they run on. Through an instantiation of MLA in TinyOS 2.0.1, we have implemented five representative MAC protocols. Empirical results show that MLA results in significant code reuse among different protocols, while achieving comparative performance and memory footprints to monolithic implementations of the same protocols.
Arachidonic acid metabolism by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in psoriasis (1986)

The metabolism of endogenous arachidonic acid by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) isolated from peripheral blood has been studied in 19 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 19 healthy controls. Using calcium ionophore A23187 as a stimulus, the PMNL synthesized leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 6-trans-leukotriene B4, 12-epi-6-trans-LTB4, and 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. There was no significant difference in the amounts of the products formed between the psoriatic and control groups. The elevated levels of LTB4 that have been described in psoriatic skin may therefore be due to the PMNL infiltrate or to enhanced synthesis by another cell type. The reported increase in activity of the circulating PMNL in psoriasis does not appear to be due to increased 5-lipoxygenase activity in these cells.