gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-NAD is a novel nucleotide released on stimulation of nerve terminals in human urinary bladder detrusor muscle (2005)

Endogenous nucleotides with extracellular functions may be involved in the complex neural control of human urinary bladder (HUB). Using HPLC techniques with fluorescence detection, we observed that in addition to ATP and its metabolites ADP, AMP and adenosine, electrical field stimulation (EFS; 4-16 Hz, 0.1 ms, 15 V, 60 s) of HUB detrusor smooth muscle coreleases novel nucleotide factors, which produce etheno-1N(6)-ADP-ribose (eADPR) on etheno-derivatization at high temperature. A detailed HPLC fraction analysis determined that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (beta-NAD+; 7.0 +/- 0.7 fmol/mg tissue) is the primary nucleotide that contributes to the formation of eADPR. The tissue superfusates collected during EFS also contained the beta-NAD+ metabolite ADPR (0.35 +/- 0.2 fmol/mg tissue) but not cyclic ADPR (cADPR). HUB failed to degrade nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD+), a specific substrate of ADP ribosyl cyclase, suggesting that the activity of this enzyme in the HUB is negligible. The EFS-evoked release of beta-NAD+ was frequency dependent and is reduced in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.3 micromol/l), omega-conotoxin GVIA (50 nmol/l), and botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A; 100 nmol/l), but remained unchanged in the presence of guanethidine (3 micromol/l), omega-agatoxin IVA (50 nmol/l), or charbachol (1 micromol/l). Capsaicin (10 micromol/l) increased both the resting and EFS-evoked overflow of beta-NAD+. Exogenous beta-NAD+ (1 micromol/l) reduced both the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions. In conclusion, we detected nerve-evoked overflow of beta-NAD+ and ADPR in HUB. The beta-NAD(+)/ADPR system may constitute a novel inhibitory extracellular nucleotide mechanism of neural control of the human bladder.
NSIS: a new extensible IP signaling protocol suite (2005)

In the last few years it number of applications have emerged that can benefit from network-layer signaling (i.e., the installation, maintenance, and removal of control state in network elements). These applications include path-coupled and path-decoupled quality of service management and resource allocation, as well its network debugging, NAT, and firewall control. These applications call for an extensible and securable signaling protocol. This article discusses some of the recent standardization efforts in the IETF for it new extensible IP signaling protocol suite (NSIS). We describe the design of the NSIS protocol suite, and compare it with RSVP, the current Internet QoS signaling protocol.
Feed intake, growth, digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen in young pigs as affected by dietary cation–anion difference and supplementation of xylanase<sup>1</sup> (2001)

An experiment was conducted to test the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (CAD, Na(+) + K(+)-Cl(-), mEq/kg diet) and xylanase addition on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, plasma electrolyte balance and growth performance in young pigs. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with three dietary CAD levels (-100, 200, and 500 mEq/kg) and two levels of xylanase supplementation (0 and 0.1% xylanase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) was used. Thirty-six individually housed, castrated pigs (5 weeks old) with an initial body weight of 9.34 +/- 0.28 kg (mean +/- SEM) were randomly assigned to the six treatments. Diets were provided to pigs as cold pellets. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water. Venous plasma Cl(-) concentration was higher (p < 0.0001) in dietary CAD of - 100 mEq/kg group compared with the other two CAD groups. Dietary CAD did not affect Na(+) and K(+) concentrations in the venous plasma. Growth rates were higher (p < 0.05) in pigs receiving dietary CAD of 200 mEq/kg (657 g/pig.day) and dietary CAD of 500 mEq/kg (603 g/pig.day) than in pigs receiving dietary CAD of -100 mEq/kg (484 g/pig.day). Faecal dry matter and nitrogen decreased with increasing dietary CAD. Faecal apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was higher (p < 0.05) in the dietary CAD of 500 mEq/kg compared to the two lower level CAD groups. Supplementation of xylanase did not affect the performance of pigs. Xylanase addition in the diet significantly increased apparent faecal digestibility of dry matter and tended to increase apparent digestibility of nitrogen. No interaction between dietary CAD and xylanase was found. In conclusion, dietary CAD influenced the performance and digestibility of nutrients of pigs. Xylanase supplementation improved digestibility of dry matter.
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Differentially Stimulates Ret Mutants Associated with the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Syndromes and Hirschsprung's Disease (1998)

Ret is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in several neoplastic and developmental diseases affecting the thyroid gland and tissues of neuroectodermal origin. Different ret mutations are associated with different disease phenotypes. Gain-of-function of ret is caused by gene rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinomas and by point mutations in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A syndrome (MEN2A), in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), and in the more severe MEN2B syndrome. Conversely, Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is associated with loss of function of ret. Recently, it has been shown that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), by binding to the accessory molecule GDNFR-α, acts as a functional ligand of Ret and stimulates its tyrosine kinase and biological activity. To ascertain whether the biological effects of ret mutations are modulated by GDNF, we have investigated the responsiveness to GDNF of ret mutants in cell lines coexpressing GDNFR-α and MEN2A-, MEN2B-, FMTC-, or HSCR-associated ret mutants. Here, we show that triggering of GDNF affected only ret/MEN2B, i.e. it stimulated ret/MEN2B mitogenic and kinase activities, as well as its ability to phosphorylate Shc, a bona fide Ret substrate. In contrast, ret mutants associated with MEN2A or FMTC (carrying Cys634 or Cys620 mutations) were unresponsive to GDNF. HSCR mutations, by affecting either the extracellular or the intracellular Ret domain, impaired responsiveness to GDNF. These data suggest that the phenotype of human diseases caused by ret mutations can be differentially influenced by GDNF.
Electrochemical and spectral investigations of nickel(II) ion equilibriums in room-temperature chloroaluminate solvents (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical and spectral investigations of nickel(II) ion equilibriums in room-temperature chloroaluminate solventsR. J. Gale, B. Gilbert, and R. A. OsteryoungCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 10, 2723–2725Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50200a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (395 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-latency explicit communication and synchronization in scalable multi-core clusters (2010)

One of the main challenges in the multi-core area is the communication and synchronization of the cores and the design of an efficient interconnection network that is scalable to multiple cores. In this paper we present an efficient implementation of a scalable system that is targeting multi-core systems. Each cluster node consists of 4 processors that support both explicit and implicit communication. Processor's cache is augmented with scratchpad and is merged with the network interface (NI) for reduced communication latency. All nodes are connected through a novel layer-2 switch that can support up to 20 nodes. The proposed system is designed and implemented using multiple FPGA boards and the performance evaluation presents the aggregate throughput of the system (with 16 processors) and the communication latency between that cluster nodes.
Ising model in an oscillating magnetic field: Mean-field theory (1993)

I consider the dynamics of a soft-spin Ising magnet, subject to the time-varying external magnetic field h(t)=h cos\ensuremath{\Omega}t. The system is modeled with a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation and is studied at a mean-field level. The time-averaged magnetization (scrM) acts as the order parameter and divides the temperature-h plane into two phases. In contrast to a previous result that predicted a dynamical tricritical point separating a line of continuous and discontinuous transitions in scrM, I find that the transition is always continuous. The previous work utilized Glauber dynamics which, it is here argued, becomes inapplicable near the phase boundary line due to a critical slowing down.
Consumption of amino acids by bovine preimplantation embryos (1996)

Bovine embryos produced in vitro from the putative zygote stage to the blastocyst stage, and blastocysts freshly flushed from the uterus, were cultured in a physiological mixture of amino acids. Depletion of amino acids from the medium and, in a few cases, their appearance, was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Amino acids were depleted at widely differing rates. The depletion of amino acids was higher when embryos at later developmental stages were cultured, implying an increase in amino acid requirement with development. Threonine was the only amino acid to be depleted at all stages of development; depletion increased from 0.18 +/- 0.07 pmol embryo-1 h-1 at the putative zygote stage to 1.96 +/- 0.49 pmol embryo-1 h-1 at the blastocyst stage. Glutamine was depleted at the putative zygote stage and the 4-cell stage (0.76 +/- 0.05 and 0.94 +/- 0.10 pmol embryo-1 h-1 respectively), but was not significantly depleted at the later stages. Alanine was the only amino acid that appeared consistently in the medium and its production increased progressively throughout development. Aspartate, glutamate, threonine and lysine were depleted significantly by blastocysts derived both in vitro and in vivo; the embryos in vivo also depleted arginine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and tyrosine. These results indicate that individual amino acids are depleted at different rates by bovine preimplantation embryos and suggest that amino acid requirements change during development.
Up-regulation of a mutant form of p53 by doxorubicin in human squamous carcinoma cells. (1994)

Human squamous carcinoma A431 cells express a high level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. The cells carry only a mutated form of the p53 gene, the G-->A mutation at codon 273 which results in an arginine to histidine substitution (mp53). The temporal changes of EGF receptor, c-Raf-1, mp53, and cell cycle distribution in A431 cells after 1-h exposure to doxorubicin (DOX) are examined. EGF receptor in A431 cells is inactivated at 5 min; subsequently, the receptor level increases and reaches its maximum 4-8 h after DOX treatment. Dephosphorylation of c-Raf-1 is detected at 30 min and the decay of the protein is demonstrated at 8 h in cells after exposure to DOX. The level of mp53 in A431 cells remains unchanged for 8 h after DOX treatment but increases by about 20-fold at 24 h. There is no significant change in cell cycle distribution in A431 cells for up to 8 h after DOX exposure, whereas cells are accumulated in S and G2-M phases by 24 h. It is postulated that DOX inactivates EGF signal transduction and induces mp53. The increase in mp53 is coincident with DOX-induced G2-M block in cells.
Functional diversity of TMPRSS6 isoforms and variants expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (2018)

Abstract TMPRSS6, also known as matriptase-2, is a type II transmembrane serine protease that plays a major role in iron homeostasis by acting as a negative regulator of hepcidin production through cleavage of the BMP co-receptor haemojuvelin. Iron-refractory iron deficiency anaemia (IRIDA), an iron metabolism disorder, is associated with mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene. By analysing RNA-seq data encoding TMPRSS6 isoforms and other proteins involved in hepcidin production, we uncovered significant differences in expression levels between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and normal human liver samples. Most notably, TMPRSS6 and HAMP expression was found to be much lower in HepG2 and Huh7 cells when compared to human liver samples. Furthermore, we characterized the common TMPRSS6 polymorphism V736A identified in Hep3B cells, the V795I mutation found in HepG2 cells, also associated with IRIDA, and the G603R substitution recently detected in two IRIDA patients. While variant V736A is as active as wild-type TMPRSS6, mutants V795I and G603R displayed significantly reduced proteolytic activity. Our results provide important information about commonly used liver cell models and shed light on the impact of two TMPRSS6 mutations associated with IRIDA.
The radial alveolar count method of Emery and Mithal: a reappraisal 1--postnatal lung growth. (1982)

The radial alveolar count method of Emery and Mithal has been re-evaluated on 76 normal postnatal lungs. Results of reproducibility assessments suggest that each observer should establish normal control values when beginning with the method, and should subsequently use control cases to maintain strict reproducibility. The use of 10 fields per case was found to be inadequate to obtain satisfactory reproducibility, even for a single observer. Prior inflation of the lungs significantly increased the radial counts, and this factor may help to explain the large discrepancy between the results of this study and that of Emery and Mithal. The radial counts correlated well with the chronological age of the child (r = +0.76; p less than 0.001). Alveolarization of the acinus occurs primarily between birth and 2 years; significant but slower growth is seen up to 8 years, after which the results plateau, suggesting that alveolarization is complete. The radial count method appears to provide a relatively simple and reasonably satisfactory assessment of alveolar development, as originally proposed by Emery and Mithal.
Effects of ion pairs on the dynamics of erbium-doped fiber lasers (1993)

Experiments with erbium-doped fiber lasers demonstrate cw, sinusoidal, and self-pulsing operation. The obtained regimes depend on three control parameters: ion-pair concentration, photon lifetime, and pumping rate. We present a theoretical model which describes the active medium as a mixture of isolated ions and ion pairs. Starting with the adapted laser rate equations we show that the description of the dynamical behavior of this system can be reduced to only four first-order coupled equations. A linear stability analysis demonstrates the existence of self-pulsing for a finite range of pumping rates. At both ends of this range Hopf bifurcations occur: one located near the first laser threshold and the other at a higher pumping ratio, whose position is closely related to the pair concentration. Results of numerical calculations are in good qualitative agreement with our experimental data.
Induced Autoimmunity to Heat Shock Proteins Elicits Glaucomatous Loss of Retinal Ganglion Cell Neurons via Activated T-Cell-Derived Fas-Ligand (2008)

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy causes blindness through the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, which comprise the optic nerve. Glaucoma traditionally is associated with elevated intraocular pressure, but often occurs or may progress with intraocular pressure in the normal range. Like other diseases of the CNS, a subset of glaucoma has been proposed to involve an autoimmune component to help explain the loss of RGCs in the absence of elevated intraocular pressure. One hypothesis involves heat shock proteins (HSPs), because increased serum levels of HSP autoantibodies are prominent in some glaucoma patients with normal pressures. In the first direct support of this hypothesis, we found that HSP27 and HSP60 immunization in the Lewis rat induced RGC degeneration and axon loss 1-4 months later in vivo in a pattern with similarities to human glaucoma, including topographic specificity of cell loss. Infiltration of increased numbers of T-cells in the retina occurred much earlier, 14-21 d after HSP immunization, and appeared to be transient. In vitro studies found that T-cells activated by HSP immunization induced RGC apoptosis via the release of the inflammatory cytokine FasL, whereas HSP immunization induced activation of microglia cells and upregulation of the FasL receptor in RGCs. In summary, our results suggest that RGC degeneration in glaucoma for selected individuals likely involves failed immunoregulation of the T-cell-RGC axis and is thus a disturbance of both proapoptotic and protective pathways.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging: Much progress but many unresolved questions (2015)

The free radical theory of aging is almost 60 years old. As mitochondria are the principle source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), this hypothesis suggested a central role for the mitochondrion in normal mammalian aging. In recent years, however, much work has questioned the importance of mitochondrial ROS in driving aging. Conversely new evidence points to other facets of mitochondrial dysfunction which may nevertheless suggest the mitochondrion retains a critical role at the center of a complex web of processes leading to cellular and organismal aging.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates changes in tissue protein turnover in a rat cancer cachexia model. (1993)

Rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma showed enhanced fractional rates of protein degradation in gastrocnemius muscle, heart, and liver, while fractional synthesis rates were similar to those in non-tumor bearing rats. This hypercatabolic pattern was associated with marked perturbations of the hormonal homeostasis and presence of tumor necrosis factor in the circulation. The daily administration of a goat anti-murine TNF IgG to tumor-bearing rats decreased protein degradation rates in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver as compared with tumor-bearing rats receiving a nonimmune goat IgG. The anti-TNF treatment was also effective in attenuating early perturbations in insulin and corticosterone homeostasis. Although these results suggest that tumor necrosis factor plays a significant role in mediating the changes in protein turnover and hormone levels elicited by tumor growth, the inability of such treatment to prevent a reduction in body weight implies that other mediators or tumor-related events were also involved.
Conducting supramolecular nanofibers and nanorods (2010)

Recent progress in the study of electroconducting nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanorods and other nanostructures based on the supramolecular self-assembly of hexabenzocoronenes, oligo(thiophene)s, tetrathiafulvalenes and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimides is described in this tutorial review. Conducting nanofibers and nanorods are constructed by doping pi-donors or pi-acceptors with oxidants or reductants before/after the formation of such nanostructures; however, some nanofibers show electric conductivity without any doping in the neutral state. Although cation radicals and anion radicals seem to be difficult to form nanofibers and nanorods, a limited number of cation radicals produce conducting nanofibers. For nanofibers and nanorods composed of weak pi-donors and pi-acceptors, their conductivities are measured by time-resolved microwave conductivity techniques.
Enabling data quality notification in cooperative information systems through a Web-service based architecture (2004)

Cooperative information systems (CISs) are often characterized by a high degree of data replication; as an example, in an e-government scenario, the personal data of citizens are stored by almost all administrations. In such scenarios, organizations typically provide the same information with distinct quality levels and this enables providing users with data of the highest available quality. Furthermore, the comparison of data values might be used to enforce a general improvement of data quality in all organizations. In the DaQuinCIS project (Aguilera et al., 1999), we propose an architecture for the management of data quality in CISs; this architecture allows the diffusion of data and related quality and exploits data replication to improve the overall quality of cooperative data. In this paper, we present an overview of a component of the DaQuinCIS architecture, namely the quality notification service (QNS), which is used to inform interested users when changes in quality values occur within the CIS. QNS can be used to control the quality of critical data, e.g. to keep track of quality changes and to be always aware when quality degrades under a certain threshold. The interaction between the QNS and its users follows the publish/subscribe paradigm: a user willing to be notified for quality changes subscribes to the QNS by submitting the features of the events to be notified for, through a specific subscription language. When a change in quality occurs, an event is published by the QNS i.e., all the users which have a consistent subscription receive a notification. However, as shown in the paper by Marchetti et al. (2003), currently available pub/sub infrastructures do not allow to meet all the requirements that a QNS implementation should satisfy, in particular scaling to a large number of users and coping with platform heterogeneity. QNS addresses both these problems through a layered architecture that: (i) encapsulates the technological infrastructure specific of each organization; (ii) adopts the standard Web-service technology to implement inter-organization communications; and (iii) embeds solutions and algorithms (namely, merge subscriptions and diffusion trees) to reduce the use of physical and computational resources. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: we first introduce some preliminary concepts and the QNS specification; then we motivate and describe the internal architecture of the service. Due to the lack of space, explanations are given at a very high abstraction level. Interested readers can find technical and formal details, as well as running examples, in the paper by Scannapieco et al. (2003).