gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurosteroid administration and withdrawal alter GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor kinetics in CA1 hippocampus of female rats (2005)

Withdrawal from the GABA-modulatory steroid 3alpha-OH-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP) following exposure of female rats to the parent compound progesterone (P) produces a syndrome characterized by behavioural excitability in association with up-regulation of the alpha4 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor (GABAR) in the hippocampus. Similar changes are seen after 48 h exposure to its stereoisomer, 3alpha,5beta-THP. Here, we further characterize the effects of P withdrawal on GABAR kinetics, using brief (1 ms) application of 5-10 mm GABA to outside-out patches from acutely isolated CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Under control conditions, GABA-gated current deactivated biexponentially, with tau(fast) = 12-19 ms (45-60% of the current), and tau(slow) = 80-140 ms. P withdrawal resulted in marked acceleration of deactivation (tau(fast) = 3-7 ms and tau(slow) = 30-100 ms), as did 48 h exposure to 3alpha,5beta-THP (tau(fast) = 5-8 ms; tau(slow) = 40-120 ms). When recombinant receptors were tested in HEK-293 cells, a similar acceleration in tau(fast) was observed for alpha4beta2delta and alpha4beta2gamma2 GABARs, compared to alpha1beta2gamma2 and alpha5beta2gamma2 receptors. In addition, tau(slow) was also accelerated for alpha4beta2delta receptors, which are increased following steroid withdrawal. As predicted by the Jones-Westbrook model, this change was accompanied by reduced receptor desensitization as well as an acceleration of the rate of recovery from rapid desensitization. A theoretical analysis of the data suggested that steroid treatment leads to receptors with a greater stability of the bound, activatable state. This was achieved by altering multiple parameters, including desensitization and gating rates, within the model. These results suggest that fluctuations in endogenous steroids result in altered GABAR kinetics which may regulate neuronal excitability.
Crosswell methods; where are we, where are we going? (1995)

Abstract This special issue on crosswell methods was constructed in response to the large number of crosswell papers submitted during 1993 and 1994. The editorial staff felt that rather than distributing these papers throughout the year the society would be better served by having an archival volume composed completely of crosswell-related papers. This was not a publicly solicited issue, and we undoubtedly did not receive some excellent papers that may have been submitted with a public solicitation. Nevertheless, we feel that this volume is an excellent snapshot of crosswell technology as it stood in 1993-1994.
A directed search for DNA sequences tightly linked to cereal cyst nematode resistance genes in <i>Triticum tauschii</i> (1994)

An improved system for identifying DNA sequences linked to a targeted region was developed by fractionating DNA sequences prior to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In an attempt to identify DNA markers linked to a strong CCN resistance gene, Ccn-D1, in Triticum tauschii, DNA samples from individuals homozygous for resistance and susceptibility at the Ccn-D1 locus in a segregating progeny were bulked separately to produce "near isogenic" DNA pools. The polymerase chain reaction was employed to generate several DNA amplification products from each of the bulked DNA segregants using 240 random (RAPD) and 4 semirandom (consensus sequences of intron-splice junctions) primers. A DNA polymorphic fragment was apparent between the resistant and susceptible bulks using one of the semirandom primers. Hydroxylapatite chromatography of reannealed DNA (to Cot values > 100) was used to enrich low copy DNA sequences in the bulk DNA segregants (resistant and susceptible DNA pools). PCR analysis on the low copy enriched DNA pool increased the level of polymorphism detected between bulked segregants. One of the RAPD fragments present in only the resistant low copy DNA pool was cloned and mapped to the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 2D. By using the cloned RAPD fragment, csE20-2, to assay an RFLP locus in three independent F2 progenies, complete cosegregation was obtained with the Ccn-D1 locus. Joint segregation analysis from a genome-wide mapping of RFLP markers and a second CCN resistance in T. tauschii, Ccn-D2, showed this locus to be loosely linked to the proximal region of chromosome 2.
Developments in human growth hormone preparations: sustained-release, prolonged half-life, novel injection devices, and alternative delivery routes (2014)

Since the availability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) enabled the application of human growth hormone both in clinical and research use in the 1980s, millions of patients were prescribed a daily injection of rhGH, but noncompliance rates were high. To address the problem of noncompliance, numerous studies have been carried out, involving: sustained-release preparations, prolonged half-life derivatives, new injectors that cause less pain, and other noninvasive delivery methods such as intranasal, pulmonary and transdermal deliveries. Some accomplishments have been made and launched already, such as the Nutropin Depot microsphere and injectors (Zomajet, Serojet, and NordiFlex). Here, we provide a review of the different technologies and illustrate the key points of these studies to achieve an improved rhGH product.
Promoting Safety Belt Use in Shopping Carts (1989)

A multiple baseline design across two supermarkets examined the effectiveness of prompts on the use of safety belts in shopping carts. At baseline, safety belt use was low at Store 1 (9 days; M = 14.7%) and at Store 2 (13 days; M = 9.9%). However, belt use increased when fliers, posters, a taped message, and buttons were incorporated as a program requesting adult patrons to "BuckleUp Your Baby" at Store 1 (11 days; M = 32.3%) and then at Store 2 (7 days; M = 27.3%). Percent increase of belt use over baseline occurred for male children accompanied by male adults (baseline M = 6.6%; prompt M = 22.7%) and female adults (baseline M = 8.5%; prompt M = 20%). Similar increases in belt use over baseline cccurred for female children accompanied by either male adults (baseline M = 11.4%; prompt M = 21.4%) or female adults (baseline M = 15.5%; prompt M = 21.8%). A social validity questionnaire completed after the study (n = 40 per store) indicated that patrons were in favor of safety belts on carts, found few obstacles preventing belt use, and used the safety belts often. Moreover, these respondents stated the most salient prompts were a height poster that indicated the appropriate size for a child who could sit in a cart seat and a taped message requesting patrons to use the belts. Suggestions for further research in preventing supermarket accidents are discussed.
An intelligent chat-bot using natural language processing (2017)

Implementing NLP involves initiating the process of learning through the natural acquisition in the educational systems. It is based on effective approaches for providing a solution for various problems and issues in education. The country where education prices are increasing day by day and the population of lower-middle/middle class is increasing at an exponential rate, we need a cheaper way for education. These people are not able to receive the level of education they deserve. Well the technology we are working on is basically for these people and also for all the learning enthusiasts (independent of their class).
Low Complexity Data Decoding for SLM-Based OFDM Systems without Side Information (2011)

Selected mapping (SLM) scheme is a well-known technique for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To recover data at receiver, the SLM scheme requires transmission of the selected phase sequence index, e.g., side information (SI). In this letter, a new pilot phase sequence enabling data recovery without SI and a low complexity decoding scheme are proposed. The BER performance of the proposed scheme is approximately the same in comparison with the SLM scheme with SI and considerably better than that of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding scheme. In addition, the computational complexity of the proposed decoding scheme is much lower, as compared to the ML decoding scheme.
Smart Hybrid Materials Equipped by Nanoreservoirs of Therapeutics (2011)

Nanobiotechnology enables the emergence of entirely new classes of bioactive devices intended for targeted intracellular delivery for more efficacies and less toxicities. Among organic and inorganic approaches currently developed, controlled release from polymer matrices promises utmost clinical impact. Here, a unique nanotechnology strategy is used to entrap, protect, and stabilize therapeutic agents into polymer coatings acting as nanoreservoirs enrobing nanofibers of implantable membranes. Upon contact with cells, therapeutic agents become available through enzymatic degradation of the nanoreservoirs. As cells grow, divide, and infiltrate deeper into the porous membrane, they trigger slow and progressive release of therapeutic agents that, in turn, stimulate further cell proliferation. This constitutes the first instance of a smart living nanostructured hybrid membrane for regenerative medicine. The cell contact-dependent bioerodable nanoreservoirs described here will permit sustained release of drugs, genes, growth factors, etc., opening a general route to the design of sophisticated cell-therapy implants capable of robust and durable regeneration of a broad variety of tissues.
Trabecular Pattern Analysis Using Fractal Dimension (1993)

Feature extraction from a digitized image is advantageous for the detection of signs of disease. In this work, we attempted to evaluate bone trabecular pattern changes in osteoporosis using the fractal dimension and the root mean square (RMS) values. The relationship between the fractal dimension and the 1st moment of the power spectrum is explored, and we investigated the relationship between the results of this analysis and the bone mineral density (BMD) value which was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). As a result, we were able to extract useful information, using the fractal dimension and the RMS value of the radiographs (lateral view of the lumbar vertebrae), for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Abnormal clinical cases were separated from normal cases based on the evaluation values. Negligible correlation between the BMD value and these indexes was observed.
The detection of IgG anti-hepatocyte antibodies by ELISA in sera of patients with chronic active hepatitis: correlation with disease activity. (1985)

Anti-hepatocyte membrane IgG antibodies were detected in serial dilutions of sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with isolated rat hepatocytes as the antigenic substrate. The assay is rapid, reliable and reproducible. Antibodies to hepatocyte membrane antigens were detected in 24 out of 31 (77%) patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Four of these patients were negative in a 1/10 dilution but became positive on progressive dilution. In 12 patients, liver biopsy was performed at the same time as serum was obtained. In these patients, the titre of antibodies to hepatocyte membrane antigen correlated significantly with the overall biopsy score of disease activity and particularly with the degree of portal tract infiltration. In 2 patients followed serially, titres of anti-hepatocyte membrane antibodies fell progressively in parallel with clinical, biochemical and histological evidence of improvement in the liver disease. The estimation of titres of antibodies to hepatocyte membrane antigens using isolated rat hepatocytes as the antigenic substrate may assist in the diagnosis, assessment of disease activity and follow-up of individual patients with chronic active hepatitis.
A doorless entry system for high‐energy radiation therapy rooms (1998)

A doorless entry system has been designed for use in high-energy radiation therapy rooms. The doorless entry improves patient access, safety and throughput, increases the physical safety for the radiation therapists, and avoids the significant cost of heavy shielding doors. The design meets concerns relating to radiation safety, operational ease, and authorized entry. The new system is currently operating in one room housing a cobalt-60 unit and is to be employed in five additional rooms housing dual-energy accelerators (maximum energies of 10 and 18 MV). The doorless entry has received wide approval from the radiation therapists and no concerns have been expressed with respect to unauthorized entry or radiation safety.
Tensile membrane structures (1990)

The first part of this paper provides some basic information on current textile material used in the manufacture of membranes, together with some detailing, in special the different systems of joining. The second part describes some of the most recent membrane, designed by the author, giving special attention to the most innovatory' aspects.
Evaluation of 5‐[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoropropylepidepride as a potential pet radioligand for imaging dopamine D2 receptors (1993)

This study evaluated the utility of (S)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2,3 - dimethoxybenzamide ([18F]fluorpropylepidepride), [18F]5-FPrEpid, as a ligand for PET studies of cerebral dopamine D2 receptors. The in vitro affinity for the rat striatal dopamine D2 receptor, KD 138 pM, was determined by Scatchard analysis of in vitro binding to rat striatal homogenate. The apparent lipophilicity, log kw 1.6, was measured with reverse phase HPLC at pH 7.5. The receptor specificity was determined by competitive displacement of [18F]5-FPrEpid by a variety of neurotransmitter ligands. Only dopamine D2 ligands displaced [18F]5-FPrEpid with high affinity. Positron tomographic imaging studies in primates of [18F]5-FPrEpid demonstrated a stable striatal uptake of 0.02% injected dose/ml for up to 5 h after injection. The striatal: cerebellar ratio increased from 2 at 15 min, to 7 at 200 min, and to 10 at 300 min. Striatal uptake was displaceable by haloperidol (1 mg/kg) or raclopride (2.5 mg/kg) to cerebellar levels with a t1/2 of washout of 9 or 15 min. Striatal uptake was mildly susceptible to displacement by d-amphetamine (1-2 mg/kg) released endogenous dopamine; d-amphetamine administration produced a 10% h increase in the rate of striatal washout. Although uptake in the striatum is reversible, an equilibrium between receptor bound [18F]5-FPrEpid in striatum and [18F]5-FPrEpid in plasma is not reached within 5 h postinjection.
Nuclear analogs of β-lactam antibiotics. XIII. Structure activity relationships in the isocephalosporin series (1980)

The general synthetic scheme to nuclear analogs of cephalosporins described in previous papers of this series is reviewed and the synthesis of a series of sidechain derivatives is given. Thus, systems of the following type were formed: carbacephems (A), 2-isocephems (B), N-2-isocephems (C), and O-2-isocephems (D). The invitro microbiological activity of these compounds (with appropriate side-chains attached) is given, with comparison to analogous cephalosporins. Systems of type A, B, and C were only prepared with a 3-H or CH 3 substituent and had modest antibacterial activity. The O-2-isocephems (D) were prepared with a wide variety of sidechains at 3 and 7 and were found to have biological activity quite comparable to the cephalosporins. A more detailed biological examination (both invitro and invivo) of the O-2-isocephem analog (19i) of cephalothin was made.
Dynamically inserting, operating, and eliminating thermal sensors of FPGA-based systems (2002)

In this paper, a new thermal monitoring strategy suitable for field programmable logic array (FPGA)-based systems is developed. The main idea is that a fully digital temperature transducer can be dynamically inserted, operated, and eliminated from the circuit under test using run-time reconfiguration. A ring-oscillator together with its auxiliary blocks (basically counting and control stages) is first placed in the design. After the actual temperature of the die is captured, the value is read back via the FPGA configuration port. Then, the sensor is eliminated from the chip in order to release programmable resources and avoid self-heating. All the hardware of the sensor is written in Java, using the JBits API provided by the chip manufacturer. The main advantage of the technique is that the sensor is completely stand-alone, no I/O pads are required, and no permanent use of any FPGA element is done. Additionally, the sensor is small enough to arrange an array of them along the chip. Thus, FPGAs became a new tool for researchers interested in the thermal aspects of integrated circuits.
Data Security Architecture using Embedded Chip (2011)

The technologies of computer security are more logic oriented. Designing a program with security often imposes restrictions on that program's behavior. In this work, it is proposed to add a security level in hardware such that the security will extend from the computer architectural hardware level to the software OS level. Even though the operating system controls access to the system resources and programs, the request for the access to these system resources through the Operating System (OS) is done via an integrated chip located in the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus of the system. This will add a new dimension of security to the entire computer architecture. The level of security appropriate for a particular system depends on the value of the resources being secured. Incorporation of key operating system function into the hardware is planned so that the size of the security mechanisms still remains small, while not back tracking on the implementation of security. Use of various monitoring functions performed at regular intervals incorporated into the hardware is done so that its implementation is much faster than its equivalent software implementation. Keywords—Embedded system, PCI, System security
Advanced QoS Provisioning and Mobile Fog Computing for 5G (2018)

This paper presents a novel QoS and mobile cloud and fog computing framework for future fifth generation (5G) of mobile and fixed nodes with radio network aggregation capability. The proposed 5G framework is leading to high QoS provisioning for any given multimedia service, higher bandwidth utilization, traffic load sharing, mobile cloud plus fog computing features, and multi‐radio interface capabilities. The framework is user‐centric, targeted at always‐on connectivity with using radio network aggregation for available mobile broadband connections, and empowered with mobile cloud and fog computing advantages. Moreover, our proposed framework is using Lyapunov drift‐plus‐penalty theorem that provides a methodology for designing algorithm to maximize the average throughput and stabilize the queuing. Also, we are showing the upper bound of the consumed power and the lower bound of the battery lifetime for the proposed 5G terminal. The advanced performance of our 5G QoS plus MCC framework is evaluated using simulations and analysis with multimedia traffic in heterogeneous mobile and wireless environment. The simulation results are showing that the maximal network utilization, maximal throughput, minimal end‐to‐end delay, efficient energy consumption, and other performance improvements are achieved.
The Nature of Iron Sulfides Formed on Steel in an H2 S-O2 Environment (1979)

Corrosion products initially formed in a wet H2S environment with varying oxygen concentrations were consistently found to be FeS (Mackinawite). After exposure to the atmosphere, these products oxidized to FeO(OH) (Lepidocrocite) and elemental sulfur. Upon further exposure, the FeO(OH) transformed to Fe3O4 (magnetite). Both the corrosion rate in the H2S-O2 solution and the oxidation rate in the atmosphere varied with the degree of crystallization of the corrosion product. The corrosion rate was found to increase with increasing oxygen concentration as expected.
An auditory model based vowel classification (2006)

Meaningful feature extraction is a very important challenge indispensable to allow good classification results. In Automatic Speech Recognition human performance is still superior to technical solutions. In this paper a feature extraction for sound data is presented that is motivated by the neural processing of the human auditory system. The physiological mechanisms of signal transduction in the human ear and its neural representation are described. The generated pulse spiking trains of the auditory nerve fibers are connected to a feed forward timing artificial Hubel-Wiesel network, which is a structured computational map for higher cognitive functions as e.g. vowel recognition. According to former cochlea studies a signal triggers a set of delay trajectories on the basilar membrane, which will be projected further to connecting structures. In our approach this phenomenon is employed for classification of vowels from different speakers.
SSH and SHH GaInP/GaAs HBT divide-by-3 prescalers with true 50% duty cycle (2006)

Two 50% duty cycle divide-by-3 prescalers – sample-sample-hold (SSH) and sample-hold-hold (SHH) prescalers – in the 2 µm GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology are realised. Current switchable emitter couple logic D flip-flops are employed to form both prescalers. The proposed SHH prescaler functions up to 2.6 GHz while the SSH prescaler operates from DC to 1.75 GHz. The maximum operating frequency of the SHH prescaler is enhanced about 50% compared with that of the SSH prescaler owing to better signal synchronisation.
A Space-Time Network-Based Modeling Framework for Dynamic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Routing in Traffic Incident Monitoring Applications (2015)

It is essential for transportation management centers to equip and manage a network of fixed and mobile sensors in order to quickly detect traffic incidents and further monitor the related impact areas, especially for high-impact accidents with dramatic traffic congestion propagation. As emerging small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) start to have a more flexible regulation environment, it is critically important to fully explore the potential for of using UAVs for monitoring recurring and non-recurring traffic conditions and special events on transportation networks. This paper presents a space-time network- based modeling framework for integrated fixed and mobile sensor networks, in order to provide a rapid and systematic road traffic monitoring mechanism. By constructing a discretized space-time network to characterize not only the speed for UAVs but also the time-sensitive impact areas of traffic congestion, we formulate the problem as a linear integer programming model to minimize the detection delay cost and operational cost, subject to feasible flying route constraints. A Lagrangian relaxation solution framework is developed to decompose the original complex problem into a series of computationally efficient time-dependent and least cost path finding sub-problems. Several examples are used to demonstrate the results of proposed models in UAVs' route planning for small and medium-scale networks.