gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal Targeting of P-selectin Is Mediated by a Novel Sequence within Its Cytoplasmic Tail (1998)

Signals controlling the intracellular targeting of many membrane proteins are present as short sequences within their cytoplasmic domains. P-selectin is a type I membrane protein receptor for leukocytes, acting during the inflammation response. Heterologous expression experiments have demonstrated that its 35-residue cytoplasmic tail contains signals for targeting to synaptic-like microvesicles, dense-cored granules, and lysosomes. We have examined the lysosomal targeting information present within the cytoplasmic tail by site-directed mutagenesis of horseradish peroxidase-P-selectin chimeras followed by transient transfection in H.Ep.2 cells. Assaying lysosomal targeting by subcellular fractionation as well as intracellular proteolysis, we have discovered a novel lysosomal targeting signal, KCPL, located within the C1 domain of the cytoplasmic tail. Alanine substitution of this tetrapeptide reduced lysosomal targeting to the level of a tailless horseradish peroxidase-P-selectin chimera, which was previously found to be deficient in both internalization and delivery to lysosomes. A proline residue within this lysosomal targeting signal makes a major contribution to the efficiency of lysosomal targeting. A diaminobenzidine density shift procedure established that chimeras with an inactivated KCPL sequence are present within transferrin-positive compartments. Such a mutant also displays an increased level of expression at the plasma membrane. Our results indicate that the sequence KCPL within the cytoplasmic tail of P-selectin is a structural element that mediates sorting from endosomes to lysosomes.
FabH selectivity for anteiso branched-chain fatty acid precursors in low-temperature adaptation in<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2009)

Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, adjust membrane fluidity by shortening the fatty acid chain length and increasing the proportional production of anteiso fatty acids at lower growth temperatures. The first condensation reaction in fatty acid biosynthesis is carried out by beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH), which determines the type of fatty acid produced in bacteria. Here, we measured the initial rates of FabH-catalyzed condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein and alternate branched-chain precursor acyl-CoAs utilizing affinity-purified His-tagged L. monocytogenes FabH heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Listeria monocytogenes FabH showed a preference for 2-methylbutyryl-CoA, the precursor of odd-numbered anteiso fatty acids, at 30 degrees C, which was further increased at a low temperature (10 degrees C), suggesting that temperature-dependent substrate selectivity of FabH underlies the increased formation of anteiso branched-chain fatty acids during low-temperature adaptation. The increased FabH preferential condensation of 2-methylbutyryl-CoA could not be attributed to a significantly higher availability of this fatty acid precursor as acyl-CoA pool levels were reduced similarly for all fatty acid precursors at low temperatures.
Multicenter, Phase I, Dose-Escalation Trial of Lenalidomide Plus Bortezomib for Relapsed and Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2009)

Lenalidomide plus bortezomib was well tolerated and showed promising activity with durable responses in patients with relapsed and relapsed/refractory MM, including patients previously treated with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and/or thalidomide. The combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone is being investigated in a phase II study in this setting and in newly diagnosed MM.
Variable group-delay dispersion equaliserbased on a lattice-form programmable optical filter (1995)

The authors report the first realisation of an integrated-optic variable group-delay dispersion equaliser using a lattice-form programmable optical filter. The equaliser consists of seven tunable couplers and six asymmetrical Mach-Zehnder interferometers cascaded alternately in series. The dispersion can be varied step by step from –923 ps/nm to +653 ps/nm.
RETRACTED: Nuclear Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 and 2 Translocation Is Mediated by Casein Kinase 2 and Accelerated by Autophosphorylation (2011)

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] family. Upon stimulation, these kinases translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where they induce physiological processes such as proliferation and differentiation. The mechanism of translocation of this kinase involves phosphorylation of two Ser residues within a nuclear translocation signal (NTS), which allows binding to importin7 and a subsequent penetration via nuclear pores. Here we show that the phosphorylation of both Ser residues is mediated mainly by casein kinase 2 (CK2) and that active ERK may assist in the phosphorylation of the N-terminal Ser. We also demonstrate that the phosphorylation is dependent on the release of ERK from cytoplasmic anchoring proteins. Crystal structure of the phosphomimetic ERK revealed that the NTS phosphorylation creates an acidic patch in ERK. Our model is that in resting cells ERK is bound to cytoplasmic anchors, which prevent its NTS phosphorylation. Upon stimulation, phosphorylation of the ERK TEY domain releases ERK and allows phosphorylation of its NTS by CK2 and active ERK to generate a negatively charged patch in ERK, binding to importin 7 and nuclear translocation. These results provide an important role of CK2 in regulating nuclear ERK activities.
In Vitro Electrochemistry of Biological Systems (2008)

This article reviews recent work involving electrochemical methods for in vitro analysis of biomolecules, with an emphasis on detection and manipulation at and of single cells and cultures of cells. The techniques discussed include constant potential amperometry, chronoamperometry, cellular electroporation, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and microfluidic platforms integrated with electrochemical detection. The principles of these methods are briefly described, followed in most cases with a short description of an analytical or biological application and its significance. The use of electrochemical methods to examine specific mechanistic issues in exocytosis is highlighted, as a great deal of recent work has been devoted to this application.
A new approach towards Ikimine a analogues (2004)

An analogon of the alkylpyridine alkaloid ikimine A (1) was prepared in six steps starting from undec-10-ynoic acid. A key step in this synthesis was a Sonogashira coupling of the alkyne and 3-iodopyridine, followed by hydrogenation of the alkyne, reduction of the ester to the primary alcohol and oxidation to the corresponding aldehyde. This aldehyde was converted to the ikimine A analogon with O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride. This product and the intermediate alkylpyridines were tested in the agar diffusion assay for antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Breast cancer screening programmes in 22 countries: current policies, administration and guidelines. International Breast Cancer Screening Network (IBSN) and the European Network of Pilot Projects for Breast Cancer Screening (1998)

As high quality population-based breast cancer screening programmes are implemented in more countries, they will offer an unprecedented opportunity to assess the level of coverage of the population for initial and repeat screening, evaluation of performance, and, in the longer term, outcome of screening in terms of reduction in the incidence of late-stage disease and in mortality.
Inhibition of growth of Mycobacterium avium in murine and human mononuclear phagocytes by migration inhibitory factor (1993)

Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium, the most common form of diseminated bacterial disease in AIDS patients, are difficult to treat because of their resistance to many antimycobacterial drugs. The results of the present study show that recombinant migration inhibitory factor, a 12-kDa molecule recently isolated by COS-1 cell expression screening of cDNA from a human T-cell hybridoma, has potent inhibitory activity on the growth of a panel of clinical isolates of M. avium within both bone-marrow-derived murine macrophages and cultured human blood monocytes. These cells cultured in recombinant migration inhibitory factor exhibit various signs of activation, including cell division, morphological changes such as evidence of substantial phagolysosomal fusion, and enhanced secretion of tumor necrosis factor.
1. Einleitung (2020)

Zuweilen sieht sich die Praxis des Völkerrechts von konkurrierenden Interpretationen und Infragestellungen herausgefordert. Beispielhaft hierfür ist die Annexion der Krim, bei der sich sowohl die internationale Gemeinschaft als auch Russland, China und weitere Staaten vom Völkerrecht gestützt sahen. Auf Grundlage der pragmatistischen Sozialtheorie und Wittgenstein wird hier ein empiriegetriebenes Regelverständnis entwickelt, das aufkommende Implikationen für das Recht rekonstruiert und aufzeigt, wie Kontestation auch normtheoretisch alternativ zu bestehenden Ansätzen verstanden werden kann. Damit wird ein statisches Normverständnis überwunden, das gestaltende Momente solcher Situationen und das Handeln der Akteure aus dem Blick verliert.
A Herbal Formula HT048, Citrus unshiu and Crataegus pinnatifida, Prevents Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and HFD-Induced Obese Rats (2015)

HT048 is a combination composed of Crataegus pinnatifida leaf and Citrus unshiu peel extracts. This study aimed to investigate potential anti-obesity effect of the combination. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of HT048 and triglyceride accumulation, glycerol release and adipogenesis-related genes were analyzed. For in vivo study, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided according to experimental diets: the chow diet group, the high-fat diet (HFD) group, the HFD supplemented with orlistat group, the HFD supplemented with HT048 group (0.2% or 0.4%) for 12 weeks. We measured the body weight, serum lipid levels and the expression of genes involved lipid metabolism. HT048 treatment dose-dependently suppressed adipocyte differentiation and stimulated glycerol release. The expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα mRNA were decreased by HT048 treatment in adipocytes. HT048 supplementation significantly reduced the body and fat weights in vivo. Serum lipid levels were significantly lower in the HT048 supplemented groups than those of the HFD group. Expression of the hepatic lipogenesis-related genes were decreased and expression of the β-oxidation-related genes were increased in rats fed HT048 compared to that of animals fed HFD. These results suggest that HT048 has a potential benefit in preventing obesity through the inhibition of lipogenesis and adipogenesis.
Antioxidant Capacities of Phlorotannins Extracted from the Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus (2012)

A process for the effective extraction and fractionation of phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus with high antioxidant potentials was investigated. The antioxidant activity of F. vesiculosus extract/fractions was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, and ferrous ion-chelating assays. Among the crude extract and different polarity fractions, the phlorotannin-enriched ethyl acetate fraction possessed the highest DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power. This fraction was further fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography or ultrafiltration. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by both the above chemical antioxidant tests and a mononuclear cell-based bioassay. Sephadex subfractions LH-2 and LH-3 with high total phlorotannin content exhibited strong DPPH quenching activity, comparable to those of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene and significantly higher than that of α-tocopherol. Polyphenols in F. vesiculosus were found to consist mainly of high molecular weight phlorotannin polymers. There were no clear relationships between the degree of polymerization, molecular size, and antioxidant activity. All the subfractions separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and ultrafiltration showed a high ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species generated by mononuclear cells. Further characterization of the phlorotannin compounds was performed on six Sephadex subfractions. Several phlorotannin oligomers were tentatively identified on the basis of HPLC-ESI-MS(n) analyses.
Numerical analysis of thickness shear thin film piezoelectric resonators using a laminated plate theory (1995)

Finite element matrix equations are derived from a two-dimensional, piezoelectric high frequency laminated plate theory. Two-layer ZnO/Si and three-layer ZnO/SiO/sub 2//Si thin film resonators vibrating at the fundamental thickness shear mode are investigated using the finite element models. Straight crested waves propagating in a resonator are studied. Resonant frequency, mode shapes and electromechanical coupling coefficient of the fundamental thickness shear mode are calculated and presented with respect to the C-axis orientation of the ZnO layer, and thickness ratios of the layers in a resonator. The results from the laminated plate model are checked against the three dimensional finite element solution and found to be accurate for the fundamental thickness shear and its anharmonic overtones. The plate model does not yield as accurate a frequency spectrum for flexure, face shear and extensional modes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surface conditioning of active molybdenum field emission cathode arrays with H2 and helium (1998)

We studied the interaction of active molybdenum field emitter arrays with molecular hydrogen and helium. Upon impact with the field emitted electrons, H2 gas introduced into the system undergoes dissociation and ionization. The emitter surface is conditioned through the interaction of the hydrogen atoms and ions with molybdenum, resulting in the formation of volatile molybdenum hydrides. The volatile species are removed by the vacuum system. Surface conditioning of the tips is reflected in the reduced work function and increased electron emission. Emission enhancement reaches a maximum for total exposures of 1000–1500 L (1 L=1×10−6 Torr s) of H2. For small exposures of helium (&lt;1500 L), emission enhancement is also observed. Larger exposures result in significant emission degradation. We propose that the interaction of H2 with active molybdenum field emission arrays can be used as an efficient, ultrahigh vacuum compatible method for in situ cleaning of the field emitter arrays.
Proposal of a New Method for Measuring Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Rapidly, Quantitatively and Non-Destructively (2012)

The process of radiationless energy transfer from a chromophore in an excited electronic state (the “donor”) to another chromophore (an “acceptor”), in which the energy released by the donor effects an electronic transition, is known as “Förster Resonance Energy Transfer” (FRET). The rate of energy transfer is dependent on the sixth power of the distance between donor and acceptor. Determining FRET efficiencies is tantamount to measuring distances between molecules. A new method is proposed for determining FRET efficiencies rapidly, quantitatively, and non-destructively on ensembles containing donor acceptor pairs: at wavelengths suitable for mutually exclusive excitations of donors and acceptors, two laser beams are intensity-modulated in rectangular patterns at duty cycle ½ and frequencies ƒ1 and ƒ2 by electro-optic modulators. In an ensemble exposed to these laser beams, the donor excitation is modulated at ƒ1, and the acceptor excitation, and therefore the degree of saturation of the excited electronic state of the acceptors, is modulated at ƒ2. Since the ensemble contains donor acceptor pairs engaged in FRET, the released donor fluorescence is modulated not only at ƒ1 but also at the beat frequency Δƒ: = |ƒ1 − ƒ2|. The depth of the latter modulation, detectable via a lock-in amplifier, quantitatively indicates the FRET efficiency.
A ROBUST REAL-TIME MULTI-LEVEL MODEL-BASED PEDESTRIAN TRACKING SYSTEM (1997)

This paper describes a real-time system for tracking pedestrians in sequences of grayscale images acquired by a stationary camera. This system is suitable for use in applications which aim to increase the efficiency and safety of existing traffic systems. One such application is pedestrian control at intersections. The output of the system is the spatio-temporal coordinates of each pedestrian during the period the pedestrian is visible. The system is model-based in the sense that it uses a simple rectangular model which has its own location and velocity for pedestrians. The authors' system uses three levels of abstraction. The lowest level, which is at the image level, deals with raw images. At this level, background subtraction is performed and the result is passed to the second level. This level, which they call the blobs level, deals with blobs obtained by segmenting the subtracted image. It performs robust blob tracking with no regard to what or who the blobs represent. The output of this level is the tracked blobs which are in turn passed to the final level, the pedestrians level. The pedestrians level deals with pedestrian models and depends on the tracked blobs as the only source of input. By doing this, they avoid trying to infer information about pedestrians directly from raw images, a process that is highly sensitive to noise. The pedestrians level makes use of Kalman filtering to predict and estimate pedestrian attributes. The filtered attributes consitute the output of this level which is the output of the system. Their system was designed to be robust to high levels of noise and particularly to deal with difficult situations such as partial or full occlusions of pedestrians. The system was implemented on a Datacube MaxVideo 20 equipped with a Datacube Max860 and was able to achieve a peak performance of over 20 frames per second. Experimental results based on indoor and outdoor scenes have shown that the system is robust under many difficult traffic situations.
Evaluation of A Chiral Crown Etherlc Column For the Separation of Racemic Amines (1991)

Abstract Enantiomeric resolution of more than fifty racemic primary amines can be achieved on a column that utilizes a crown ether as a chiral selector. the racemic solute is solubilized in an acidic solvent, forming an ammonium ion from the primary amine functional group. an interaction between the lone pair electrons on the oxygens of the crown ether and the positive charge of the ammonium group leads to the formation of an inclusion complex. Due to the chirality of the crown ether there is stereoselective interaction resulting in enantiomeric separation. Excellent resolution is possible for amino acids, amino alcohols, amino esters and amines. Compounds are separated that were poorly resolved by conventional ligand exchange columns and by other means.
Leverage Points for Improving Educational Assessment (2000)

in this paper do not reflect the positions or policies of the National Institute on Student Achievement, Curriculum, and Assessment, the Office of Educational Research and
Sound Perception in a Harvest Mouse (1927)

Sound Perception in a Harvest Mouse Get access Alonzo C. Davis Alonzo C. Davis Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 8, Issue 2, May 1927, Pages 161–162, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/8.2.161 Published: 01 May 1927
Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression during HIV-1-infected monocyte-derived macrophage and human brain microvascular endothelial cell interactions (2000)

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by HIV infection and replication in brain tissue. HIV-1-infected monocytes overexpress inflammatory molecules that facilitate their entry into the brain. Prostanoids are lipid mediators of inflammation that result from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Because COX-2 is normally induced during inflammatory processes, the aim of this study was to investigate whether COX-2 expression is up-regulated during monocyte-brain endothelium interactions. In vitro cocultures of HIV-infected macrophages and brain endothelium showed an up-regulation of COX-2 expression by both cell types. This up-regulation occurs via an interleukin-1beta (IL1beta)-dependent mechanism in macrophages and via an IL-1beta-independent mechanism in endothelial cells. Thus, interactions between HIV-infected monocytes and brain endothelium result in COX-2 expression and, as such, might contribute to the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection.
Switched-capacitor chaotic neuron for chaotic neural networks (2002)

A switched capacitor implementation of a neuron model which exhibits chaotic behavior is presented. The model is based on the experimentally observed characteristics of a squid neuron. It is shown that the proposed circuit qualitatively replicates the response of the real neuron by extensive simulations using SWITCAP2 and simulated program with IC emphasis (SPICE). Various nonideal effects such as DC gain, input offset voltage, and parasitic capacitances associated with SC implementation are investigated and the operational amplifier offset voltage is identified as a major problem. An existing offset voltage compensation scheme is adopted to alleviate the problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evolutionary Biology and Genetically Engineered Crops (1988)

Journal Article Evolutionary Biology and Genetically Engineered Crops: Consideration of evolutionary theory can aid in crop design Get access Fred Gould Fred Gould Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 38, Issue 1, January 1988, Pages 26–33, https://doi.org/10.2307/1310643 Published: 01 January 1988
CpG island hypermethylation of<i>BRCA1</i>and loss of pRb as co-occurring events in basal/triple-negative breast cancer (2011)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurs in approximately 15% of all breast cancer patients, and the incidence of TNBC is greatly increased in BRCA1 mutation carriers. This study aimed to assess the impact of BRCA1 promoter methylation with respect to breast cancer subtypes in sporadic disease. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed representing tumors from 303 patients previously screened for BRCA1 germline mutations, of which a subset of 111 sporadic tumors had previously been analyzed with respect to BRCA1 methylation. Additionally, a set of eight tumors from BRCA1 mutation carriers were included on the TMAs. Expression analysis was performed on TMAs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for BRCA1, pRb, p16, p53, PTEN, ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, MUC1 and Ki-67. Data on BRCA1 aberrations and IHC expression was examined with respect to breast cancer-specific survival. The results demonstrate that CpG island hypermethylation of BRCA1 significantly associates with the basal/triple-negative subtype. Low expression of pRb, and high/intense p16, were associated with BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation, and the same effects were seen in BRCA1 mutated tumors. The expression patterns of BRCA1, pRb, p16 and PTEN were highly correlated, and define a subgroup of TNBCs characterized by BRCA1 aberrations, high Ki-67 (≥ 40%) and favorable disease outcome. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that epigenetic inactivation of the BRCA1 gene associates with RB/p16 dysfunction in promoting TNBCs. The clinical implications relate to the potential use of targeted treatment based on PARP inhibitors in sporadic TNBCs, wherein CpG island hypermethylation of BRCA1 represents a potential marker of therapeutic response.