gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Luster of Cotton (1954)

Luster is not an "absolute" property of the cotton or the yarn, but depends on the sheerness of the fabric, as well as on the weave pattern. One of the reasons for the greater apparent luster of sheer fabrics or thin layers of yarn is that there is less opportunity for light to be scattered within thin layers than in its return from the lower parts of thick layers of yarn. Such scattering adds an approximately equal amount to the reflectances at all angles and so lowers the apparent contrast ratio for the thicker layers. At the opposite extreme, the reflectance of individual yarns can be determined, and it is demonstrated that yarn removed from the fabric has nearly the same luster as the original yarn, if the weaving crimp is removed. Weaving crimp by itself reduces the measured luster, tending in the same direction as the effect of cross-yarns. The measurement of contrast ratio in yarns correlates with the average of numerous judg ments by observers. For fabrics, the ability of the eye to see sparkle or high lights, and to find the angle of maximum reflection, gives visual judgment some features not possessed by the more simple types of physical measurement, although even with fabrics there is a large degree of correlation.
Stability of RNA in developing <i>Xenopus</i> embryos and identification of a destabilizing sequence in TFIIIA messenger RNA (1988)

Synthetic capped RNA transcripts injected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis have a half-life of 3-4 h. Addition of a long (approximately 200 nucleotide) poly(A) tail increases the half-life to 6-8 h which approaches the half-life of natural polyadenylated globin RNA injected into embryos. Since exonucleolytic action alone could account for the degradation of RNA, we tested whether circular RNA is stable after injection and find that circles are exceptionally stable (half-life greater than 40 h). After the midblastula transition, polyadenylated chloramphenicol transferase (CAT) mRNAs transcribed from injected plasmids have a half-life of 2.5 h. Insertion of a 1000 nucleotide 3' untranslated region from the Xhox-36 gene into the transcripts does not affect the half-life. In contrast to the finding that internal sequences do not affect stability, we find that sequences from the TFIIIA message reduce the half-life of CAT mRNA from 2.5 h to less than 30 min. We conclude that most RNAs are degraded exonucleolytically from the 3' end, but specialized internal sequences can greatly destabilize the RNA, possibly by acting as a site for an endonuclease.
An Equivalent Cicuit for CuO Modified Surface Barrier Layer Capacitors (1997)

Nb 2 O 5 -doped (Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 )O 3 (BSTZ) is calcined at 1170°C for the complete formation of ABO 3 phases. After calcination, CuO is added to BSTZ as a liquid phase promoter and an insulating boundary layer material. After sintering in a reducing atmosphere, the fired ceramics are cooled to an annealing temperature, then the cermics are annealed in air. The loss tangents of the fabricated ceramics increase with amount of CuO addition, but the maximum grain growth and maximum dielectric constant will reveal in 1 wt% CuO-added BSTZ. For BSTZ with different amount of CuO addition, the effective dielectric constant increases with the sintering temperature and decreases critically with annealing temperature and annealing time. When 60 min is used as annealing time, lower the annealing temperature is, more broad dielectric constant-temperature curves are. It is believed that the semiconductive BSTZ, which is residual in the center of the reoxidized BSTZ, will dominate the result.
Halogenation Using Quaternary Ammonium Polyhalides. XIV. Aromatic Bromination and Iodination of Arenes by Use of Benzyltrimethylammonium Polyhalides–Zinc Chloride System (1989)

Abstract The reaction of arenes with benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide or benzyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate in acetic acid in the presence of ZnCl2 at room temperature or at 70 °C gave bromo- or iodo-substituted arenes in good yield, respectively.
Rapid, Noninvasive Screening for Perturbations of Metabolism and Plant Growth Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging (2003)

A rapid, noninvasive technique involving imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters for detecting perturbations of leaf metabolism and growth in seedlings is described. Arabidopsis seedlings were grown in 96-well microtitre plates for 4 d and then treated with eight herbicides with differing modes of action to induce perturbations in a range of different metabolic processes. Imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence emissions from 96 seedlings growing on a microtitre plate enabled images of a number of fluorescence parameters to be rapidly and simultaneously produced for the plants in each well. Herbicideinduced perturbations in metabolism, even in metabolic reactions not directly associated with photosynthetic metabolism, were detected from the changes in the images of fluorescence parameters considerably before any visual effects on seedling growth were observed. Evaluations of seedling growth were made from measurements of the area of chlorophyll fluorescence emission in images of plants growing in the 96-well plates. Decreased seedling growth related directly to herbicideinduced changes in the imaged chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The applicability of this rapid-screening technique for metabolic perturbations in monocotyledonous species was demonstrated by treating Agrostis tenuis seedlings with Imazapyr, an inhibitor of branched-chain amino acid synthesis.
The nasal microbiota in health and disease: variation within and between subjects (2015)

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 5% of the adult population in Western societies and severely reduces the patient's quality of life. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of this condition has not yet been established with certainty. However, recent reports of bacterial and fungal biofilms in CRS highlight a potential role for these microorganisms. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon pyrosequencing and qPCR were used to determine the composition and abundance, respectively, of the sinus microbiota within 9 patients with CRS and 6 healthy individuals. Within-patient variability was also investigated by sampling from anterior nares, inferior turbinate, and middle meatus on each side of the sinuses. Our results indicate that more of the variation in bacterial composition can be explained by inter-personal differences, rather than sampling location or even disease status. In addition, bacterial community diversity was significantly lower in CRS samples compared to those from healthy subjects, whereas bacterial load was not associated with disease status. Although members of the genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were prevalent in the majority of samples (including healthy subjects), the large amount of variation observed between individuals, particularly within the CRS cohort, suggests that an imbalance or dysbiosis in community structure could be the driving force behind the disease. Ultimately, understanding the causes of variation within the sinus microbiota may lead to more personalized treatment options for CRS.
Clinical significance of Mena and Her-2 expression in breast cancer. (2012)

Mena and Her-2 are related to the malignancy degree and metastasis of breast cancer, and thus may play a coordinating role in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer.
Development of very large helicon plasma source (2004)

We have developed a very large volume, high-density helicon plasma source, 75 cm in diameter and 486 cm in axial length; full width at half maximum of the plasma density is up to ∼42 cm with good plasma uniformity along the z axis. By the use of a spiral antenna located just outside the end of the vacuum chamber through a quartz-glass window, plasma can be initiated with a very low value of radio frequency (rf) power (&lt;1 W), and an electron density of more than 1012 cm−3 is successfully produced with less than several hundred Watt; achieving excellent discharge efficiency. It is possible to control the radial density profile in this device by changing the magnetic field configurations near the antenna and/or the antenna radiation-field patterns.
Cloning solitons in a nonlinear medium coherently driven (2003)

Based on the coexistence of a self-induced soliton with a nonlinear Schrodinger soliton we demonstrate soliton cloning in a three-level system interacting with two resonant fields in a nonlinear waveguide. With this new technique is possible to make copies of a soliton from one wavelength to another wavelength.
Color plane interpolation using alternating projections (2002)

Most commercial digital cameras have three types of color sensors (for red, green, and blue channels) that are placed on a detector surface according to a specific pattern. At the location of each pixel only one color sample is taken, and the values of the other colors must be interpolated using neighboring samples. This color plane interpolation is known as demosaicing; it is one of the important tasks in a digital camera pipeline. If demosaicing is not performed appropriately, images suffer from highly visible color artifacts. In this paper we present a new demosaicing technique that uses inter-channel correlation effectively in an alternating-projections scheme. We have compared this technique with various state-of-the-art demosaicing techniques, and it outperforms all of them, both visually and in terms of mean square error.
How to Improve Rate of Penetration in Field Operations (1996)

Abstract A method has been developed that identifies which factors are controlling rate of penetration (ROP) in a particular group of bit runs. The method uses foot-based mud logging data, geological information, and drill bit characteristics, to produce numerical correlations between ROP and applied drilling parameters or other attributes of drilling conditions. These correlations are then used to generate recommendations for maximising ROP in drilling operations.
Subconjunctival carboplatin and systemic topotecan treatment in preclinical models of retinoblastoma (2010)

For the first time, retinoblastoma was ablated and long-term vision was preserved in a mouse model by using a clinically relevant chemotherapy regimen. These results eventually may be translated into a clinical trial for children with this debilitating cancer.
The safety matrix-a method for guidelining industrial microcomputers (1989)

A matrix guideline, used to compare the safety values of existing control circuit options to those of new options, is outlined. Programmable controllers, instrument distributed control systems, front-end controllers, and microcomputers are compared to electromechanical relays to clarify the microcomputer type controllers' levels of safety responsibility. The matrix can assist those knowledgeable in safety and electromechanical relay application, but not familiar with today's microcomputer technology, in choosing the appropriate system configuration for risk-related applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The nucleic acid binding activity of nucleolar protein B23.1 resides in its carboxyl-terminal end. (1994)

Protein B23 is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein proposed to be a ribosome assembly factor. Protein B23 exists as two isoforms, B23.1 and B23.2, differing only in their carboxyl-terminal sequences. The interaction of recombinantly produced B23 isoforms with double-stranded DNA was studied using gel retardation and nitrocellulose filter disk assays. Protein B23.1 bound saturably to radiolabeled plasmid DNA. By competition assays protein B23.1 was also capable of binding RNA and single-stranded DNA. On the other hand, protein B23.2, the shorter of the two isoforms, was not capable of binding double-stranded DNA. The latter result suggested that the carboxyl-terminal end of B23.1 is essential for DNA binding activity. This was confirmed by partial digestion experiments using staphylococcal V8 protease which showed that a 5-kDa fragment, containing the carboxyl-terminal end of protein B23.1 retained DNA binding activity similar to that of the parent molecule. In contrast, a 19-kDa fragment from the amino-terminal half of B23.1 did not bind DNA. The sequence of the carboxyl-terminal 68 amino acids comprising the 5-kDa fragment showed little, if any, similarity to other proteins, suggesting that this segment contains a previously undiscovered nucleic acid binding motif.
Wasson's Alternative Candidates for Soma (1993)

Citing recently published challenges to R. Gordon Wasson's identification of Vedic soma as the psychoactive mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly-agaric), this article reviews unpublished letters by Wasson in which he considered and rejected other psychoactive plants as candidates, including the mint Lagochilus inebrians, Convolvulaceae (morning glory) seeds, the fungal parasite Claviceps purpurea (ergot), and especially the psilocybin mushroom Stropharia cubensis, known also as Psilocybe cubensis. Apart from their historical interest, these letters--from the Tina and Gordon Wasson Ethnomycological Collection at the Harvard Botanical Museum--demonstrate that Wasson remained open to refinements of his theory.
Use of CA125 and HE4 Serum Markers to Predict Ovarian Cancer in Elevated-Risk Women (2014)

HE4 may be useful as a confirmatory screen when rising CA125 is used alone as a primary screen.
Homogeneous nucleation of mercury vapor (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous nucleation of mercury vaporJ. Martens, H. Uchtmann, and F. HenselCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 10, 2489–2492Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/j100294a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (537 KB) Get e-Alerts
Heimdall: Mitigating the Internet of Insecure Things (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is built of many small smart objects continuously connected to the Internet. This makes these devices an easy target for attacks exploiting vulnerabilities at the network, application, and mobile level. With that it comes as no surprise that distributed denial of service attacks leveraging these vulnerable devices have become a new standard for effective botnets. In this paper, we propose Heimdall, a whitelist-based intrusion detection technique tailored to IoT devices. Heimdall operates on routers acting as gateways for IoT as a homogeneous defense for all devices behind the router. Our experimental results show that our defense mechanism is effective and has minimal overhead.
Detection of DNA Copy Number Changes and Oncogenic Signaling Abnormalities from Gene Expression Data Reveals <i>MYC</i> Activation in High-Grade Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 10% to 15% of adult renal neoplasms; however, the molecular genetic events that are associated with the development and progression of sporadic papillary RCC remain largely unclear. Papillary RCCs can be divided into two subtypes based on histologic, cytogenetic, and gene expression differences. Type 1 tumors ( approximately 60-70%) are generally low grade with favorable outcome, whereas type 2 tumors ( approximately 30-40%) are associated with increased cytogenetic complexity, high tumor grade, and poor prognosis. In this study, computational analysis of gene expression data derived from papillary RCC revealed that a transcriptional signature indicative of MYC pathway activation is present in high-grade type 2 papillary RCC. The MYC signature is associated with amplification of chromosome 8q and overexpression of MYC that maps to chromosome 8q24. The importance of MYC activation was confirmed by both pharmacologic and short interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of active Myc signaling in a cell line model of type 2 papillary RCC. These results provide both computational and genetic evidence that activation of Myc is associated with the aggressiveness of papillary type 2 RCC. Therefore, it will be useful to consider inhibition of components of the MYC signaling pathway as avenues for therapeutic intervention in high-grade papillary RCC.
Harmonic analysis of diurnal variations for single days (1939)

The forthcoming volume of results at the Watheroo and Huancayo magnetic observatories will contain an extensive table of about 40,000 harmonic coefficients for the diurnal variations in the horizontal magnetic intensity H at Huancayo Magnetic Observatory (Peru) for every individual day of the years 1922 to 1936. This collection of coefficients, a new feature in observatory compilations, represents an advanced stage of reduction of the original magnetic records beyond the usual hourly means, and will be used as material for discussions on the variability of the solar and lunar diurnal variations. H at Huancayo has been selected for the first table of this kind because of the unusual features of its large diurnal variation. A new scheme for numerical harmonic analysis of diurnal variations for this mass‐reduction had to be developed yielding, in the most economical way, the coefficients of the periods 24, 12, 8, and 6 hours. This scheme and allied topics are described in detail in this paper, because they may be useful in similar geophysical work. The scheme itself may be found in section 8.
An investigation of semantic patterns in passwords (2013)

The advent of large password leaks in recent years has exposed the security problems of passwords and enabled deeper empirical investi-gation of password patterns. Researchers have only touched the sur-face of patterns in password creation, having characterized patterns in terms of frequency, length, composition rules and, to some extent, syn-tactic patterns. The semantics of passwords remain largely unexplored. In this thesis, we aim to fill this gap by employing Natural Language Processing techniques to extract and leverage understanding of seman-tic patterns in passwords. We present the first framework for segmenta-tion, semantic classification and semantic generalization of passwords and a model that captures the semantic essence of password samples. The results of our investigation demonstrate that the knowledge cap-tured by our model can be used to crack more passwords than the state-of-the-art approach. In experiments limited to 600 million guesses, our
Activated protein C in sepsis and beyond: Update 2006 (2006)

Activated protein C (APC), a plasma serine protease, is best known for its ability to inhibit blood clot formation. APC acts as an anticoagulant by degrading coagulation cofactors Va and VIIIa, thereby attenuating the coagulation cascade. Over the past 15 years, impressive research advances have provided novel insights into the diverse biological activities of this molecule. APC is now viewed not only as an anticoagulant but also as a signaling molecule that provides a pivotal link between the pathways of coagulation, inflammation, apoptosis, and vascular permeability. The protective effect of APC supplementation in patients with severe sepsis likely reflects the ability of APC to modulate multiple pathways implicated in sepsis pathophysiology. This review attempts to summarize key studies that support the therapeutic potential of APC in conditions beyond sepsis such as stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, lung injury, asthma, pancreatitis, wound healing, and angiogenesis. A comprehensive PUBMED literature review up to May 2006 was conducted.
[Calcium phosphate ceramics in orthopedic surgery]. (1989)

Calcium phosphate ceramics might replace bone grafts in orthopaedic surgery. The chemical determination of these materials is now well known, and world-wide animal experiments as well as our own experience have proven that these products are both biocompatible and bioactive. The early chemical and physico-chemical mechanisms of interaction between calcium phosphate ceramics and bone tissue and biological fluids at the site of implantation are numerous (degradation, dissolution, crystal precipitation). These processes precede the cellular mechanisms of osteogenesis which take place during contact with the materials and define osteoconduction. When implanted in a bony environment, the ceramic ensures the formation of a genuine bone which within a few months will acquire all the characteristics of a normal lamellated bone with areas of apposition and resorption during remodeling. However, the mechanical characteristics of calcium phosphate ceramics do not permit an early loading, and they should only be used to fill bone cavities. In vertebral arthrodesis they must be implanted in stress-free areas and combined with strong and stable appliances. To benefit from the special bioactivity of calcium phosphate ceramics, research workers are now turning towards the treatment of metal alloys or composite fibres surfaces as well as of calcium phosphate complexes and extracellular matrix constituents (collagen, proteoglycans, etc.).
Homocysteine and reactive oxygen species in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atheroscleropathy: The pleiotropic effects of folate supplementation (2004)

Homocysteine has emerged as a novel independent marker of risk for the development of cardiovascular disease over the past three decades. Additionally, there is a graded mortality risk associated with an elevated fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are now considered to be a strong coronary heart disease (CHD) risk enhancer and a CHD risk equivalent respectively. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in patients with MS and T2DM would be expected to share a similar prevalence to the general population of five to seven percent and of even greater importance is: Declining glomerular filtration and overt diabetic nephropathy is a major determinant of tHcy elevation in MS and T2DM. There are multiple metabolic toxicities resulting in an excess of reactive oxygen species associated with MS, T2DM, and the accelerated atherosclerosis (atheroscleropathy). HHcy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and its individual role and how it interacts with the other multiple toxicities are presented.The water-soluble B vitamins (especially folate and cobalamin-vitamin B12) have been shown to lower HHcy. The absence of the cystathionine beta synthase enzyme in human vascular cells contributes to the importance of a dual role of folic acid in lowering tHcy through remethylation, as well as, its action of being an electron and hydrogen donor to the essential cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. This folate shuttle facilitates the important recoupling of the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme reaction and may restore the synthesis of the omnipotent endothelial nitric oxide to the vasculature.