gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open‐top designs for manipulating field temperature in high‐latitude ecosystems (1997)

Passive open‐top devices have been proposed as a method to experimentally increase temperature in high‐latitude ecosystems. There is, however, little documentation on the efficacy of these devices. This paper examines the performance of four open‐top chambers for altering temperature at six sites in the Arctic and Antarctica. Most of the heating effect was due to daytime warming above ambient; occasional night‐time cooling below ambient, especially of air temperatures, depressed mean daily temperature. The mean daily temperatures at four arctic sites were generally increased by 1.2–1.8 °C; but occasionally, temperature depressions also occurred. Under optimal conditions at the antarctic site (dry soils, no vegetation, high radiation) mean daily soil temperatures were increased by +2.2 °C (–10 cm) to +5.2 °C (0 cm). Protection from wind may play a more important role than temperature per se in providing a favourable environment for plant growth within open‐top devices. Wind speed had a generally negative impact on mean daily temperature. Daily global radiation was both positively and negatively related to chamber temperature response. The effect of chambers on snow accumulation was variable with the Alexandra Fjord site showing an increased accumulation in chambers but no difference in the date of snowmelt, while at Latnjajaure in a deep snowfall site, snowmelt occurred 1–2 weeks earlier in chambers, potentially increasing the growing season. Selection of a passive temperature‐enhancing system requires balancing the temperature enhancement desired against potential unwanted ecological effects such as chamber overheating and altered light, moisture, and wind. In general, the more closed the temperature‐enhancing system, the higher is the temperature enhancement, but the larger are the unwanted ecological effects. Open‐top chambers alter temperature significantly and minimize most unwanted ecological effects; as a consequence, these chambers are a useful tool for studying the response of high‐latitude ecosystems to warming.
CT of Acute Bowel Ischemia (2003)

Bowel ischemia may be caused by many conditions and manifest with typical or atypical and specific or nonspecific clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings. It may mimic various intestinal diseases and be confused with certain nonischemic conditions clinically and at computed tomography (CT). Bowel ischemia severity ranges from mild (generally transient superficial changes of intestinal mucosa) to more dangerous and potentially life-threatening transmural bowel wall necrosis. Causes of critically reduced blood flow to the bowel are diverse, ranging from occlusions of mesenteric arteries or veins to complicated bowel obstruction and overdistention. CT can demonstrate changes in ischemic bowel segments accurately, is often helpful in determining the primary cause of ischemia, and can demonstrate important coexistent findings or complications. Unfortunately, common CT findings in bowel ischemia are not specific, and specific findings are rather uncommon. Therefore, it often is a combination of nonspecific clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings—especially detailed knowledge about the pathogenesis of acute bowel ischemia in different conditions—that helps most in correct interpretation of CT findings. To improve understanding of this complex heterogeneous entity, this article provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of mesenteric perfusion and discussions of causes and pathogenesis of acute bowel ischemia, CT findings in various types of acute bowel ischemia, and potential pitfalls of CT. © RSNA, 2003
Major Depressive Disorder and Patient Satisfaction in Relation to Methadone Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Stabilized Methadone Maintenance Patients (2009)

Many patients enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment experience significant interdose opioid withdrawal. Mood states have been related to patient satisfaction with treatment and may influence how methadone patients experience opioid withdrawal. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of major depressive disorder on response to methadone in patients on methadone maintenance treatment. Seventeen methadone patients (7 depressed and 10 not depressed) had pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments (opioid withdrawal, drug effects, and mood) over one 24-hour dosing interval. Subjects were also divided based on their satisfaction with methadone treatment: 12 holders and 5 nonholders. Depressed subjects experienced more dysphoric opioid effects as measured by the Addiction Research Centre Inventory (area under the effect versus time curve, 14 +/- 32 vs -31 +/- 47, P < 0.04) and had higher scores on the Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (area under the effect versus time curve, 33 +/- 97 vs -74 +/- 67, P < 0.02) over the dosage interval. Hamilton Depression scores significantly correlated with trough subjective opioid withdrawal scale scores (r = 0.7, P < 0.004). Nonholders had significantly higher exposure to unbound (S)-methadone compared with holders, specifically: trough concentration (6.1 +/- 2.7 ng/mL vs 2.7 +/- 1.7 ng/mL, P < 0.01), average steady-state concentration (7.6 +/- 4.0 ng/mL vs 4.1 +/- 2.5 ng/mL, P < 0.05), maximum concentration (14.6 +/- 7.1 ng/mL vs 7.5 +/- 4.2 ng/mL, P < 0.04), and area under the curve (183 +/- 95 h*ng/mL vs 99 +/- 61 h*ng/mL, P < 0.05). Study findings suggest that (S)-methadone may relate to patients' dissatisfaction with methadone treatment. Depressed methadone patients may be more sensitive to negative opioid effects and opioid withdrawal.
The normalization of occurrence and <scp>C</scp>o‐occurrence matrices in bibliometrics using <i>Cosine</i> similarities and <scp><i>O</i></scp><i>chiai</i> coefficients (2015)

We prove that O chiai similarity of the co‐occurrence matrix is equal to cosine similarity in the underlying occurrence matrix. Neither the cosine nor the Pearson correlation should be used for the normalization of co‐occurrence matrices because the similarity is then normalized twice, and therefore overestimated; the O chiai coefficient can be used instead. Results are shown using a small matrix (5 cases, 4 variables) for didactic reasons, and also A hlgren et al.'s (2003) co‐occurrence matrix of 24 authors in library and information sciences. The overestimation is shown numerically and will be illustrated using multidimensional scaling and cluster dendograms. If the occurrence matrix is not available (such as in internet research or author cocitation analysis) using O chiai for the normalization is preferable to using the cosine.
Infobuttons: anticipatory passive decision support. (2008)

"Infobuttons" are context-specific links from one system (typically a clinical information system) to a second system (typically an on-line knowledge resource) that attempt to use contextual information to anticipate users' information needs. Infobuttons have been around for over 15 years but are only recently finding wide-spread adoption, with various "infobutton managers", and infobutton-like projects being developed at several academic medical centers. Vendors of electronic health records systems have begun working with vendors of knowledge resources to create "infobutton access" methods for communicating from the former to the latter. In response to this increased interest, and the attendant need to standardize communication between clinical systems and infobutton managers and between infobutton managers and knowledge resources, Health Level 7 (HL7) is developing a standard message structure for exchange contextual information and information-needs requests. At least one project is underway to develop a tailoring environment that can be used by health librarians to customize infobutton managers for use at their own institutions, with their own users, and their preferred knowledge resources.
Synthesis of New Antimicrobial Agents; Amide Derivatives of Pyranones and Pyridinones (2003)

In this study, 4(1H)-pyridinones with an amide function in Position 2 of the pyridinone ring showed antimicrobial activity. The synthesis and the biological properties of some novel amide derivatives of pyran-4(1H)-one and 4(1H)-pyridinone have been reported. Amide derivatives of pyran-4(1H)-one and 4(1H)-pyridinone were prepared using two different methods. Antimicrobial activities were determined as MIC values using the microdilution broth method against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungi Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. Compounds 6 and 9 exhibited the best inhibitor activity against S. aureus.
Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension (2011)

Hypertension (HTN) is the medical term for high blood pressure. It is dangerous because it makes the heart work too hard and contributes to atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries), besides increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. HTN can also lead to other conditions such as congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and blindness. Conventional antihypertensives are usually associated with many side effects. About 75 to 80% of the world population use herbal medicines, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of their better acceptability with human body and lesser side effects. In the last three decades, a lot of concerted efforts have been channeled into researching the local plants with hypotensive and antihypertensive therapeutic values. The hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of some of these medicinal plants have been validated and others disproved. However, ayurvedic knowledge needs to be coupled with modern medicine and more scientific research needs to be done to verify the effectiveness, and elucidate the safety profile of such herbal remedies for their antihypertensive potential.
Placebo-Controlled Trial of Glycine Added to Clozapine in Schizophrenia (2000)

These data, combined with data from previous trials with D-cycloserine and glycine, suggest that agonists at the glycine site may be less effective when combined with clozapine than they are when combined with conventional antipsychotics.
Regenerative pulse shaping and amplification of ultrabroadband optical pulses (1996)

Regenerative pulse shaping is used to alleviate gain narrowing during ultrashort-pulse amplification. Amplification bandwidths of ~ 100 nm, or nearly three times wider than the traditional gain-narrowing limit, are produced with a modified Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier. This novel regenerative amplifier has been used to amplify pulses to the 5-mJ level with a bandwidth sufficient to support ~ 10-fs pulses.
Induction and repression of outer membrane proteins by anaerobic growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1987)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is generally considered to be an obligate aerobe; it can, however, grow in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic respiration by using nitrite as a terminal electron acceptor. The outer membrane protein compositions of aerobically and anaerobically grown N. gonorrhoeae strains were compared by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anaerobically grown strains expressed at least three proteins (Pan 1 to Pan 3) at much higher levels than did aerobically grown cells. Conversely, at least five other proteins (Pox 1 to Pox 5) were found to be expressed at significantly higher levels in aerobically grown cells. None of the Pan or Pox proteins were heat modifiable, and none of the heat-modifiable protein IIs or other major outer membrane proteins (protein I, protein III, pilin, or H-8 protein) were significantly altered in expression by anaerobic growth. There were also no apparent differences in lipopolysaccharide composition in aerobically and anaerobically grown gonococci. The regulation of protein expression by oxygen availability suggests that anaerobic growth is a physiologically significant state for this organism.
Heavy-Metal-Free Fluorescent ZnTe/ZnSe Nanodumbbells (2017)

For visible range emitting particles, which are relevant for display and additional applications, Cd-chalcogenide nanocrystals have reached the highest degree of control and performance. Considering potential toxicity and regulatory limitations, there is a challenge to successfully develop Cd-free emitting nanocrystals and, in particular, heterostructures with desirable properties. Herein, we report a colloidal synthesis of fluorescent heavy-metal-free Zn-chalcogenide semiconductor nanodumbbells (NDBs), in which ZnSe tips were selectively grown on the apexes of ZnTe rods, as evidenced by a variety of methods. The fluorescence of the NDBs can be tuned between ∼500 and 585 nm by changing the ZnSe tip size. The emission quantum yield can be greatly increased through chloride surface treatment and reaches more than 30%. Simulations within an effective-mass-based model show that the hole wave function is spread over the ZnTe nanorods, while the electron wave function is localized on the ZnSe tips. Quantitative agreement for the red-shifted emission wavelength is obtained between the simulations and the experiments. Additionally, the changes in radiative lifetimes correlate well with the calculated decrease in electron-hole overlap upon growth of larger ZnSe tips. The heavy-metal-free ZnTe/ZnSe NDBs may be relevant for optoelectronic applications such as displays or light-emitting diodes.
Design and analysis of compact size dual polarised ultra wideband MIMO antennas with simple decoupling structure (2016)

In this paper, a quad elements, differentially fed, dual polarized Ultra-Wideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (UWB-MIMO) antenna system is presented. The unit UWB antenna element is of compact size with the dimensions of 22×24 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed MIMO antenna structure consists of two pairs of dual polarized rectangular shape UWB monopole antennas. A simple decoupling structure (DS) comprising of rectangular stubs is optimized with several full wave simulations to improve the isolation among the antennas. The proposed MIMO system exhibits reflection coefficient whose value is less than -10 dB from 4.5 GHz - 11.5 GHz. Different important parameters such as radiation characters, time domain received signals from each antenna element, electric field distribution, envelop correlation coefficient and diversity gain are calculated, analyzed and compared. The diversity antenna system with decoupling structure has shown a significant better performance compared to the system without decoupling structure.
The blur of system for FTO proton radiography (2008)

The blur of system for the FTO proton radiography (PRAD), which represents the quality of radiographic image, was studied. It is shown that the characteristics of the blurs in PRAD are obviously different from X-ray radiography. In PRAD, the size of the source is no longer the dominant factor as X-ray radiography. But container, Even for 50 GeV PRAD, the blur of the steel container with 5 cm thickness and 200 cm radius is larger than 2.3 mm. While others are less than 1.0 mm. The container blur is proportional to the multiple Coulomb scatter (MCS) angle and the radius of the container. All the mismatched angle blurs are proportional to chromatic aberration coefficient, the mismatched angle and the relative momentum loss. And the object blur is proportional to its thickness and MCS angle.
Current Antibiotic Therapy for Isolated Urinary Tract Infections in Women (2006)

Quinolones have surpassed sulfas as the most common class of antibiotic prescribed for isolated outpatient UTI in women. Few significant predictors of quinolone use exist, suggesting that the increase is not confined to a certain subset of patients. This pervasive growth in quinolone use raises concerns about increases in resistance to this important class of antibiotics.
Phenylacetate: a novel nontoxic inducer of tumor cell differentiation. (1992)

Sodium phenylacetate was found to affect the growth and differentiation of tumor cells in vitro at concentrations that have been achieved in humans with no significant adverse effects. Treatment of promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells resulted in the rapid decline of myc oncogene expression followed by growth arrest and granulocyte differentiation. Phenylacetate also induced highly efficient adipocyte conversion in immortalized mesenchymal C3H 10T1/2 cultures; yet, unlike the differentiating chemotherapeutic drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, phenylacetate did not cause neoplastic transformation in these susceptible cells. The results indicate that phenylacetate is both effective in inducing tumor cell maturation and free of cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects, a combination that warrants attention to its potential use in cancer intervention.
The effect of breathing manner on inferior vena caval diameter (2010)

During inspiration of equivalent tidal volumes, the reduction in IVC diameter and lower extremity venous return was related to diaphragmatic excursion, suggesting that the IVC may be compressed through descent of the diaphragm.
Galectin Fingerprinting in Tumor Diagnosis: Differential Expression of Galectin-3 and Galectin-3 Binding Sites, But Not Galectin-1, in Benign<i>vs</i>Malignant Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors (1999)

Cell-matrix interactions are governed by a distinct set of proteins, with 2 nonintegrin laminin-binding proteins, galectin-1 and galectin-3, providing 1 aspect. The expression patterns of laminin and the 2 galectins and galectin binding sites were quantitatively determined by means of computer-assisted microscopy with the aim of differentiating between 16 leiomyomas and 10 leiomyosarcomas of the uterus. Three quantitative variables were computed for each of the 5 histochemical markers: labeling index, which describes the percentage of tissue area specifically stained by a given marker; mean optical density which reflects the concentration of the marker; and concentrational heterogeneity, which characterizes the degree of heterogeneity of the marker distribution in the tumor tissue areas. The results reveal evident differences in the galectin-3-related parameters in the 2 tumors groups. Whereas the concentration of galectin-3 binding sites was significantly (P = .01) weaker in the leiomyosarcomas than in the leiomyomas, the percentages of tumor tissue expressing galectin-3 (P = .02) and its binding sites (P = .002) were significantly higher in the leiomyosarcomas than in the leiomyomas. Although significantly (P = .02) higher, the concentration of laminin was more heterogeneously distributed (P = .01) in the leiomyosarcomas than in the leiomyomas. In contrast, the levels of expression of galectin-1 and its accessible binding sites remained similar for both the leiomyomas and the leiomyosarcomas. Finally we document how the levels of expression of galectin-3 and its binding sites can be of assistance in reliably differentiating leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas.
Performance Analysis of Contention Based Medium Access Control Protocols (2006)

This paper studies the performance of contention based medium access control (MAC) protocols. In particular, a simple and accurate technique for estimating the throughput of the IEEE 802.11 DCF protocol is developed. The technique is based on a rigorous analysis of the Markov chain that corresponds to the time evolution of the back-off processes at the contending nodes. An extension of the technique is presented to handle the case where service differentiation is provided with the use of heterogeneous protocol parameters, as, for example, in IEEE 802.11e EDCA protocol. Our results provide new insights into the operation of such protocols. The techniques developed in the paper are applicable to a wide variety of contention based MAC protocols. Index Terms—Carrier sense multiple-access protocol with colli- sion avoidance (CSMA/CA), diffusion approximation, fixed point analysis,fluidlimit,IEEE80211,IEEE80211e,performanceevalu- ation, performance of the medium access control (MAC) protocols, wireless local-area networks (WLANs).
Relationship of Incidence of Seedborne Xanthomonas campestris to Black Rot of Crucifers (1980)

SCHAAD, N. W., W. R. SITTERLY, and H. HUMAYDAN. 1980. Relationship of incidence of seedborne Xanthomonas campestris to black rot of crucifers. Plant Disease 64:91-92. The relation of amounts of seedborne Xanthomonas campestris, determined by laboratory assays, to the incidence of black rot in the field was determined. Seeds infested naturally with X. campestris were mixed with healthy seeds, assayed for X. campestris, and seeded in a field in South Carolina. The pathogen was detected in laboratory assays in two of four samples with 0.01% infestation, whereas black rot developed in the field in three of four such samples. In 1976, field plots that initially contained 0.03, 0.07, and 0.14% infected plants resulted in high incidences of black rot. In 1977, the incidences of black rot were high in plots that initially contained 0.05% infected plants but not in plots that initially contained 0.01% infected plants. We conclude that laboratory assays can be used to detect levels of seed infestation that may or may not result in a high incidence of black rot in the field. Xanthomonas campestris is seedborne (3,5,7), and infested seed is an important source of inoculum (2,4,8,14,15). Several methods have been described for detecting the pathogen in or on seeds (1,9,11,13), but the number of infested seeds needed to initiate black rot in the field has not been determined. This information is essential to establish a minimum allowable percentage of seed infestation. This study was designed to determine the relationship of amounts of seed infestation to disease incidence in the field.
Peak Demand Reduction using Energy Storage System for Demand Response (2019)

This paper proposes an energy storage system (ESS) management algorithm to reduce the peak electricity consumption for demand response (DR). In a building equipped with an ESS and a photovoltaic generator, the amount of energy charged into the ESS can be used to reduce the peak demand of the following day. The proposed algorithm calculates the feasible amount of peak demand reduction using the information about the amount of net energy demand and the energy charged in ESS, and provides the ESS charging and discharging schedule that can achieve the maximum reduction of the peak demand for DR requests. To examine the performance of the proposed algorithm, a case study was conducted using real-life data measured within a campus building.
Providing mass data storage and retrieval services in an application-specific environment (2002)

The provision of mass data storage and retrieval services for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in Reading, UK, is discussed. Needing a major data repository system, ECMWF started in 1983 to work with the common file system (CFS) from Los Alamos. The system entered production at the end of 1984, and in October 1992 held approximately 7.5 terabytes of data. A separate project called MARS (Meteorological Archive and Retrieval System) was established to construct a meteorologist's interface to the stored data, and to deliver sections and concatenations of stored data objects in a form suitable for meteorological research. In the process of commissioning CFS (from Los Alamos) and MARS, a number of lessons have been learned about the way in which data-access, data-conversion, and data-delivery applications need to interface to the basic data service, and about the kind of structures needed on the data server to support the application layer. ECMWF is not reviewing the requirements for its next-generation data handling system. ECMWF is carrying out experiments on various commercially available systems in the final quarter of 1992, in the hope of identifying a suitable (set of) candidate(s) for a successor to CFS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>