gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multicenter, open‐label phase II study of recombinant CPT (Circularly Permuted TRAIL) plus thalidomide in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (2014)

Circularly permuted TRAIL (CPT), a recombinant mutant of human Apo2L/TRAIL, is a novel antitumor candidate for multiple myeloma (MM) and other hematologic malignancies. In this phase II study, the safety and efficacy of CPT plus thalidomide was investigated in thalidomide-resistant MM patients. A total of 43 patients were recruited into three CPT plus thalidomide cohorts based on CPT dosage in sequence: 5 mg/kg (n = 11), 8 mg/kg (n = 17), and 10 mg/kg (n = 15). CPT was administered via intravenous infusion on days 1-5, and thalidomide was given orally at 100 mg once daily in each 21-day cycle. The overall response rate (ORR) of 41 efficacy-evaluable patients was 22.0% (2 complete response, 3 near complete response, and 4 partial response). No significant difference in the ORR was observed among the three dose cohorts; however, the ORR tended to be higher with the higher-dose regimen. Median progression-free survival and median duration of response were 6.6 months and 6.1 months, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were neutropenia (46.5%), leukopenia (41.9%), fever (37.2%), elevated AST (32.6%), and elevated ALT (20.9%). TRAEs of Grade 3-4 were mainly neutropenia (18.6%), anemia (9.3%), elevated AST (7.0%), and leukopenia (4.7%). No significant differences were found in the incidence and severity of TRAEs among the three cohorts. In conclusion, CPT plus thalidomide was well tolerated with no occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities and demonstrated promising antitumor activity in RRMM patients. CPT at 10 mg/kg for 5 days in combination with thalidomide and dexamethason will be studied in the next clinical trial.
Optical Wireless Integration at Network Edge (2006)

Optical-wireless integrated system can help reduce the capital and operational expenses by simplifying the network architecture and improving the resource usage efficiency. It can also deliver QoS guaranteed services to the customers. This paper will discuss the architecture and performance improvements coming from the optical and wireless integration at the edge node.
Migrating code with statistical machine translation (2014)

In the era of mobile computing, developers often need to migrate code written for one platform in a programming language to another language for a different platform, e.g., from Java for Android to C# for Windows Phone. The migration process is often performed manually or semi-automatically, in which developers are required to manually define translation rules and API mappings. This paper presents semSMT, an automatic tool to migrate code written in Java to C#. semSMT utilizes statistical machine translation to automatically infer translation rules from existing migrated code, thus, requires no manual defining of rules. The video demonstration on semSMT can be found on YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRSnl5-7vNo.
Effect of mechanical properties of hydrogel nanoparticles on macrophage cell uptake (2009)

Uptake and intracellular trafficking of hydrogel nanoparticles (NPs) of N,N-diethyl acrylamide and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate crosslinked with N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide were studied with a RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Results show that the uptake rate, the mechanism of internalization and the concentration of internalized NPs are correlated to the NP Young modulus. Soft NPs are found to be internalized preferentially via macropinocytosis while the uptake of stiff NPs is mediated by a clathrin-dependent mechanism. NPs with an intermediate Young modulus exhibit multiple uptake mechanisms. The accumulation rate of the NPs into lysosomal compartments of the cell is also dependent on the NP elasticity. Our results suggest that control over the mechanical properties of hydrogel NPs can be used to tailor the cellular uptake mechanism and kinetics of drug delivery.
Myoinositol Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus: Effect of Insulin Treatment (1977)

The metabolism of myoinositol has been studied in 10 nondiabetic subjects and in six patients with diabetes mellitus before and after insulin therapy. While dietary myoinositol intake and fecal myoinositol excretion were similar in both groups, urinary myoinositol excretion was increased 10-fold in the untreated diabetic and accounted for a significant fraction of his dietary myoinositol intake. Insulin treatment restored the urinary myoinositol excretion toward normal. Despite increased myoinositol excretion, plasma myoinositol concentrations were significantly higher in the diabetics following the ingestion of a standard diet or of a 3.0-gm. myoinositol load. This abnormality in oral myoinositol tolerance was also corrected by insulin treatment. The size of the rapidly equilibrating myoinositol pool was significantly decreased in the untreated diabetic and returned to normal following a brief period of insulin treatment. The elevated plasma myoinositol concentrations observed following myoinositol ingestion in the uncontrolled diabetic presumably represents a combination of enhanced gastrointestinal absorption and impaired intracellular transport of myoinositol. The decreased space of distribution of myoinositol also suggests an impairment of intracellular myoinositol transport in the untreated diabetic. These observations are consistent with the speculation that hyperglycemia may condition a widespread relative intracellular myoinositol deficiency in man and suggest that restoration of normal intracellular myoinositol concentrations might prove to be of benefit in the prevention and treatment of certain of the complications associated with human diabetes mellitus.
Mitigating Privacy-Related Risks for Android Users (2019)

Generally, when an app runs on an Android device, users are asked to approve accesses to sensitive data or resources that require Android dangerous permissions. Otherwise, for other resources, requiring normal permissions, no approval is asked. Once access to resources has been gained, an app could send confidential data outside of the device, with no obvious abuse of security policies. Hence, users could witness a data leak, and, in general terms, a loss of control on data accessed, and about the ways they have been used. This paper shows the mechanisms that an app could use to gain sensitive data, hence breaching user privacy. Then, in order to preserve privacy, a novel and general defence solution is proposed, protecting data and resources in Android devices. Moreover, users are given the ability to configure which accesses have to be prevented and which are granted. As a proof of concept, our protection solution has been embedded in Wikipedia app, however is general and available for any app.
An advanced bipolar transistor with self-aligned ion-planted base and W/poly emitter (1988)

The fabrication, device profile, and electrical characteristics of an advanced bipolar transistor with an LDD-like self-aligned lateral profile are discussed. An ion-implanted extrinsic base with a low sheet resistance of 55 Omega /square and a junction depth of 0.35 mu m is obtained using rapid thermal annealing. The extrinsic base and emitter are separated by a temporary submicrometer sidewall spacer, which is subsequently removed to maintain a planar surface during the emitter-active-base formation process. The emitter is contacted by a W-TiN-n/sup +/ polysilicon stack with a sheet resistance of 1 Omega /square. As a result of the planarity of the surface during the profile formation for the active region and the decoupling of the structural process from the thin base process, an active base width of 105 nm is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The reduction of l‐methyl‐3‐methoxy‐5‐arylpyrrole‐2‐ and ‐4‐carboxylic esters with selected reducing agents (1975)

Abstract Three new rnethoxypyrrole esters, ethyl 1‐methyl‐3‐methoxy‐5‐phenylpyrrole‐2‐earboxylate, diethyl l‐methyl‐3‐methoxy‐5‐phenylpyrrole‐2,4‐diearboxylate, and ethyl l‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐methoxypyrrole‐3‐carboxylate were reduced with diborane/tetrahydrofuran, lithium aluminum hydride, and some related reducing agents. In each case diborane reduced the ethoxycarbonyl group to a methyl group and lithium aluminum hydride reduced it to a hydroxymethyl group.
Ambient Ocean: A Web Search Engine for Context-Aware Smart Resource Discovery (2014)

Context-awareness is becoming an important foundation of adaptive mobile systems, however, techniques for discovering contextually relevant Web content and Smart Devices (i.e., Smart Resources) remain consigned to small-scale deployments. To address this limitation, this paper introduces Ambient Ocean, a Web search engine for context-aware Smart Resource discovery. Ocean provides scalable mechanisms for supplementing Resources with expressive contextual metadata as a means of facilitating in-situ discovery and composition. Ocean supports queries based on arbitrary contextual data, such as location, biometric details, telemetry data, situational cues, sensor information, etc. Ocean utilizes a combination of crowd-sourcing, context-enhanced query expansion and personalization techniques to continually optimize query results over time. This paper presents Ocean's conceptual foundations, its reference implementation, and a preliminary evaluation that demonstrates significantly improved Smart Resource discovery results in real-world environments.
Pt and Pd 1,4-Shifts at the Edge of Dibenz[<i>a</i>,<i>c</i>]anthracene (2006)

1,4-Shifts of the carbon-bonded metal are observed on heating solutions of trans-bromo(dibenz[a,c]anthracen-9-yl)bis(triethylphosphine)platinum or trans-bromo(dibenz[a,c]anthracen-9-yl)bis(triethylphosphine)palladium. The shift does not occur from the cis isomer and is more rapid for the Pt complex. Solvent effects suggest polar species, while the absence of deuterium incorporation in the presence of D2O indicates nonacidic intermediates.
Simultaneous Reduction and Surface Functionalization of Graphene Oxide by Natural Cellulose with the Assistance of the Ionic Liquid (2012)

An environmentally friendly method for preparation of multifunctional free-standing papers composed of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and cellulose has been developed. The results show that the cellulose can effectively reduce the graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in ionic liquids and the cellulose can be adsorbed onto the basal planes of the resulted RGO at the same time. Since cellulose is a natural, inexpensive, renewable, nontoxic, and biodegradable polymer, this approach presents a facile and cost-effective method to synthesize highly water-dispersible and stable functionalized graphene nanosheets (termed as RGO-CL) on a large scale. Furthermore, highly ordered RGO-CL composite papers are fabricated by flow-directed assembly of individual hybrid RGO-CL nanosheets and show a robust mechanical flexibility and significantly improved biocompatibility and conductivity, and have therefore potential applications in biomedical scaffolds for tissue engineering, medical devices, and so on.
The epoch of biotic impoverishment (1979)

1978 was the first year in the history of man that legal power to eradicate a species was established. It is one of a number of signs of rapidly accelerating rates of extinction which may result in reduction of biological diversity by one-seventh to one-fifth, with a parallel reduction in the planet's capacity to support man and a permanent reduction in the potential body of biological knowledge. Species loss of such a degree would warrant designating the close of the Recent epoch and the opening of a new one of Biotic Impoverishment. A great deal of the extinctions will occur in the tropical forest areas of the globe but with possible environmental effects extending into the temperate regions. It will fall to science to help slow the rate of extinction, to decide on which species and ecosystems to concentrate conservation efforts, and to communicate the importance of biological diversity to government and society.
Model Studies and First Synthesis of the Antifungal and Antibacterial Agent Cladobotryal (2004)

The antifungal and antibacterial agent cladobotryal (1) was synthesized by a convergent route from lactone 31 and aldehyde 13, a key step in the elaboration of the pyridinone ring being conversion of a Boc group on nitrogen into a CO(2)SiPr-i(3) group. The simple model compounds 9 and 10, representing the core of cladobotryal and of 5, respectively, were prepared as support studies for making the natural product.
Abstract 4412: <i>In vitro</i> activity of the novel tubulin active agent BAL27862 in <i>MDR1</i>(+) and <i>MDR1</i>(−) human breast and ovarian cancer variants selected for resistance to taxanes (2010)

Abstract BAL27862 is a synthetic small molecule that induces apoptosis due to the inhibition of tubulin polymerization via a potentially new mechanism of action. The activity of this novel compound was evaluated in human breast and ovarian cancer cell line variants selected for resistance by continuous exposure to taxanes. BAL27862 retained activity against MDR1 (ABCB1)/P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance variants, unlike vinca alkaloids and taxanes. Activity was also observed in the taxane-resistant ovarian 1A9/TxTP50 tumor cell line, which overexpresses TUBB3 and was approximately 35x resistant to taxanes. Moreover, BAL27862 retained activity in ovarian cancer cells with acquired mutations in the class I (M40) β-tubulin isotype (1A9/PTX10, Phe270-&gt;Val; 1A9/PTX22, Ala364-&gt;Thr) which confer taxane resistance. The MCF-7/TxTP50 breast tumor variant was 9x resistant to taxanes, and 5x resistant to epothilone B, yet retained sensitivity to BAL27862, the vinca alkaloids (vinblastine and vincristine), colchicine and anthracyclines. These cells have significantly reduced levels of the taxane-binding target, the class I β-tubulin isotype, and reduced levels of total α- and β-tubulin relative to wild-type cells, alterations which may be responsible for a 34% reduction in bound BODIPY-paclitaxel as detected by FACS analysis. Evidence of resistance to BAL27862 (3x) was only detected in the ovarian OVCAR-3/TxTP5 variant, which was also resistant to taxanes (8x), the vinca alkaloids (4x) and colchicine (2x) and ixabepilone (2x). Finally, silencing TUBB3 using a specific siRNA sensitized cells to taxanes but did not affect BAL27862 activity in both wild-type MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cells relative to appropriate controls, suggesting that TUBB3 status may not influence BAL27862 response. Thus, BAL27862 is a new agent with a distinct in vitro activity profile against a broad panel of human breast and ovarian tumor cell lines resistant to standard tubulin-interacting agents. These data strongly support further development of BAL27862 as a novel anticancer agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4412.
Stimulation Design for Short, Precise Hydraulic Fractures (1985)

Abstract This report discusses the philosophy, design, and implementation of small, precise, hydraulic fracture stimulations as applied in a micellar pilot in Salt Creek field, located in central Wyoming. Wellbore damage and relatively low permeability were resulting in low injection/withdrawal rates in the 1-acre [4046-m2] pilot in this field. Unchanged, these low rates would extend the pilot life by an unacceptable amount and also result in oil production rates too small for meaningful analysis. Accordingly, the decision was made to fracture-stimulate the pilot wells on the basis of reservoir stimulation, which snowed that the creation of very short (90 ft [29.5 m] tip-to-tip) fractures would not "harm" evaluation of the pilot's performance. Normal stimulation practices in this area would not give the control desired for this pilot situation to create a 90-ft-[29.5-m-] long fractures in a formation with a thickness of 100 ft [32.8 m]. The procedure that was developed consisted of measuring bottomhole treating pressure (BHTP) while pumping the pad, using these data to calculate the required sand-laden fluid volume, and then switching directly from pad to heavy sand concentration. A postappraisal of the treatments showed that BHTP measurement was necessary since the pressure varied from theoretical behavior for each well. After initial pressure increases that were predictable, a critical pressure was reached for each case and the value of this pressure (which governed slurry requirements) varied by 25% from well to well. The effects of the treatments also were evaluated with postfracture pressure falloff tests (PFOT). The stimulations performed generally were successful (fracture design/PFOT lengths of 156/146, 90/100, 134/150, and 55/20), confirming that it is possible to create short, controlled hydraulic fractures by using the procedure outlined in this paper.
Systemic Sclerosis (2008)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology, and its classification as a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) is supported by clinical and experimental observations that include the presence of autoantibodies (AAs) and autoreactive T cells. Although some AAs are specific markers for the disease, there has not been widespread adoption of them as specific classification criteria. The application of classification criteria is further hampered by the recognition that diagnosis of SSc encompasses a wide variety of clinical features that prompts the classification of the condition into a number of disease subsets. For practical purposes, most clinicians subclassify the disease as limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc). As diagnostic technologies rapidly evolve and clinicians consider designer therapies for this condition, the development and universal adoption of clinical classification criteria will be a significant challenge.
Endogenous oxidative stress produces diversity and adaptability in biofilm communities (2008)

Many bacterial species are capable of biofilm growth, in which cells live and replicate within multicellular community groups. Recent work shows that biofilm growth by a wide variety of bacterial species can generate genetic diversity in microbial populations. This finding is significant because the presence of diverse subpopulations can extend the range of conditions in which communities can thrive. Here, we used biofilms formed by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to investigate how this population diversity is produced. We found that some cells within biofilms incur double-stranded DNA breaks caused by endogenous oxidative stress. Genetic variants then result when breaks are repaired by a mutagenic mechanism involving recombinatorial DNA repair genes. We hypothesized that the mutations produced could promote the adaptation of biofilm communities to changing conditions in addition to generating diversity. To test this idea, we exposed biofilms to an antibiotic and found that the oxidative stress-break repair mechanism increased the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The diversity and adaptability produced by this mechanism could help biofilm communities survive in harsh environments.
A laboratory for AIN service design and validation (2003)

The architecture of a laboratory for design and validation of advanced intelligent network (AIN) services is presented. The system is composed of two main parts: one is a design environment, where design and logical validation take place. The other part is a hardware/software system closely emulating a real IN structure where one can experiment on the service directly. The issues discussed are: a formal and practical approach to validation, covering a range from traditional human inspection to automatic verification of global temporal properties; a logic-programming-based concurrency model to serve as a uniform target for the different languages used to specify network agent behavior; animation of network scenarios; a service logic execution environment designed on the basis of the IN functional architecture defined in CCITT draft recommendation Q1214; and a standard basic call control model (BCSM)-based call control, implemented in the service switching point emulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prostaglandin D Synthase Isoforms from Cerebrospinal Fluid Vary with Brain Pathology (2006)

Glutathione independent prostaglandin D synthase (Swissprot P41222, PTGDS) has been identified in human cerebrospinal fluid and some changes in PTGDS in relation to disease have been reported. However, little is known of the extent that PTGDS isoforms fluctuate across a large range of congenital and acquired diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in PTGDS isoforms in such a population. Spinal fluid from 22 healthy study participants (normal controls) with no classifiable neurological or psychiatric diagnosis was obtained and PTGDS isoforms were identified by specific immunostaining and mass spectrometry after denaturing 2D gel electrophoresis. The PTGDS isoforms in controls consisted of five charge isoforms that were always present and a small number of occasional, low abundance isoforms. A qualitative survey of 98 different people with a wide range of congenital and acquired diseases revealed striking changes. Loss of the control isoforms occurred in congenital malformations of the nervous system. Gain of additional isoforms occurred in some degenerative, most demyelinating and vasculitic diseases, as well as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. A retrospective analysis of published data that quantified relative amounts of PTGDS in multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease compared to controls revealed significant dysregulation. It is concluded that qualitative and quantitative fluctuations of cerebrospinal fluid PTGDS isoforms reflect both major and subtle brain pathophysiology.
Out-of-Plane Behavior of URM Arching Walls with Modern Blast Retrofits: Experimental Results and Analytical Model (2008)

A series of framed unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls were retrofitted with modern materials to evaluate the abilities of these materials to mitigate blast effects. The walls were constructed from traditional and alternative masonry materials to assess the applicability of using a wood-fiber fly ash material for infill construction. The walls were tested in the laboratory under static conditions and were evaluated using several criteria: energy absorption, out-of-plane load resistance, out-of-plane deformability, and the reduction of masonry debris scatter upon collapse. Due to the presence of the surrounding frame structure, all of the walls in this program experienced some form of an arching mechanism. The use of a spray-on polyurea material was found to be highly effective in improving URM energy absorption and reducing masonry fragmentation. Infill walls retrofitted with a combination of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) grids and polyurea material were found to fail prematurely due to a lack of anchorage between the strengthened walls and surrounding structure. A simplified analytical model to estimate the ultimate out-of-plane capacity for FRP strengthened URM arching walls was developed. The analytical model was empirically calibrated using test data from this work as well as previous studies. The model predictions agree well with the experimental results reported in this paper.