gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of flue gas desulfurization/utility flue gas desulfurization in the US (1980)

Utility flue gas desulfurization in the U.S., based on a report to EPA by PEDCo Environmental Inc. covers: the number and capacity of operational, under construction, or planned, wet or dry U.S. FGD systems; FGD applications to high- vs. low-sulfur coal; the generally high reliability of new lime/limestone FGD systems when used in base-load power plants operating on coal from one specific source; an overview and status report on advanced processes such as aqueous carbonate, Chiyoda thoroughbred 101 and 121; copper oxide adsorption, dual alkali, dry adsorption, dry collection, magnesium oxide and Wellman Lord; effects on scaling, sulfur dioxide removal, and reagent utilization in the lime/limestone process on pH, solids level, and liquid-to-gas ratio; processes for simultaneous control of sulfur oxides and particulates based on electrostatic precipitation; mist elimination systems; stack gas reheaters; process control and instrumentation; construction materials; capital and annual costs; and recommendations for research, development, and demonstration work.
Difference in the Mechanical Strengths of Dislocation-Free Crystals of Czochralski Silicon and Float-Zone Silicon (1981)

The mechanical behaviors of dislocation-free crystals of Czochralski silicon and float-zone silicon are investigated as functions of the surface condition and the stressing rate. No difference in the yield strength is observed between the two types of crystals with chemically polished surfaces. On the other hand, the yield stress is measured to be higher for Czochralski crystals than for float-zone crystals at low stressing rates when the surfaces are abraded with carborundum. The results are interpreted in terms of the locking effect of dislocations by oxygen atoms.
Sip2p and its partner Snf1p kinase affect aging in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> (2000)

For a number of organisms, the ability to withstand periods of nutrient deprivation correlates directly with lifespan. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We show that deletion of the N-myristoylprotein, Sip2p, reduces resistance to nutrient deprivation and shortens lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This reduced lifespan is due to accelerated aging, as defined by loss of silencing from telomeres and mating loci, nucleolar fragmentation, and accumulation of extrachromosomal rDNA. Genetic studies indicate that sip2Delta produces its effect on aging by increasing the activity of Snf1p, a serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating global cellular responses to glucose starvation. Biochemical analyses reveal that as yeast age, hexokinase activity increases as does cellular ATP and NAD(+) content. The change in glucose metabolism represents a new correlate of aging in yeast and occurs to a greater degree, and at earlier generational ages in sip2Delta cells. Sip2p and Snf1p provide new molecular links between the regulation of cellular energy utilization and aging.
An efficient platform for genetic selection and screening of gene switches in Escherichia coli (2009)

Engineered gene switches and circuits that can sense various biochemical and physical signals, perform computation, and produce predictable outputs are expected to greatly advance our ability to program complex cellular behaviors. However, rational design of gene switches and circuits that function in living cells is challenging due to the complex intracellular milieu. Consequently, most successful designs of gene switches and circuits have relied, to some extent, on high-throughput screening and/or selection from combinatorial libraries of gene switch and circuit variants. In this study, we describe a generic and efficient platform for selection and screening of gene switches and circuits in Escherichia coli from large libraries. The single-gene dual selection marker tetA was translationally fused to green fluorescent protein (gfpuv) via a flexible peptide linker and used as a dual selection and screening marker for laboratory evolution of gene switches. Single-cycle (sequential positive and negative selections) enrichment efficiencies of >7000 were observed in mock selections of model libraries containing functional riboswitches in liquid culture. The technique was applied to optimize various parameters affecting the selection outcome, and to isolate novel thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitches from a complex library. Artificial riboswitches with excellent characteristics were isolated that exhibit up to 58-fold activation as measured by fluorescent reporter gene assay.
Rotating ball inlet for continuous mass spectrometric monitoring of aqueous solutions (1998)

A new device for continuous mechanical introduction of liquid samples into a mass spectrometer is described. A ball mounted on a shaft is supported by a polymer gasket at the circumference of a hole leading into the mass spectrometer. The surface of the ball on the outside is in contact with the liquid sample. Sample sticking to the surface of the ball is dragged past the gasket into the mass spectrometer where it evaporates and is ionized by electron impact. The rotating ball inlet overcomes some of the problems associated with previously known methods for continuous sample introduction into a mass spectrometer. A wide variety of compounds can be measured continuously in aqueous solution with a response time in the order of seconds. The fragmentation of molecules caused by electron impact ionization facilitates identification of analytes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis Delta: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Management 36 Years After Discovery (2013)

With recent studies showing increased prevalence of hepatitis delta (HDV) even in the US, Australia, and some countries in Europe, and very high prevalence in endemic regions, HDV infection is far from being a disappearing disease. Although immigrants from endemic countries have been shown to have increased risk, studies have clearly shown that the disease is not solely appearing in traditional high-risk groups. Recent studies provide increasing evidence that sexual transmission may be an important factor in HDV infection spread. Based on the totality of evidence showing increased disease progression and substantially increased risk of cirrhosis in HDV-infected CHB patients, and the current studies showing higher than expected prevalence, it is time to call for HDV screening of all CHB patients. HDV viral load detection and measurement should be considered in all patients whether or not they are anti-HDV-positive. With universal screening of CHB patients for HDV, earlier diagnosis and consideration of treatment would be possible. Current treatment of HDV is IFN-based therapy with or without HBV antivirals, but current research indicates the possibility that prenylation inhibitors, entry inhibitors, HBsAg release inhibitors, or other therapies currently in the pipeline may provide more effective therapy in the future. In addition, universal screening would serve the important public health goal of allowing patients to be educated on their status and on the need for HDV-negative patients to protect themselves against superinfection and for HDV-infected patients to protect against transmission to others. Further studies and global awareness of HDV infection are needed.
Near‐Infrared Emitting Radioactive Gold Nanoparticles with Molecular Pharmacokinetics (2012)

A molecular nanoprobe: Glutathione-coated near-infrared-emitting radioactive gold nanoparticles have been synthezised and behave like small-molecule contrast agents in pharmocokinetics. These nanoparticles show a rapid distribution half-life, a desirable elimination half-life, and hold promise for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and fluorescence imaging (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Self-organizing feature maps and hidden Markov models for machine-tool monitoring (1997)

Vibrations produced by the use of industrial machine tools can contain valuable information about the state of wear of tool cutting edges. However, extracting this information automatically is quite difficult. It has been observed that certain structures present in the vibration patterns are correlated with dullness. We present an approach to extracting features present in these structures using self-organizing feature maps (SOFMs). We have modified the SOFM algorithm in order to improve its generalization abilities and to allow it to better serve as a preprocessor for a hidden Markov model (HMM) classifier. We also discuss the challenge of determining which classes exist in the machining application and introduce an algorithm for automatic clustering of time-sequence patterns using the HMM. We show the success of this algorithm in finding clusters that are beneficial to the machine-monitoring application.
A power analysis attack software simulation platform design and its applications (2010)

Power analysis attack is an important side-channel attack technology. In this paper, a power analysis attack software simulation platform is presented. Three optional schemes with different simulation precision and speed are provided for various requirements and considerations. Simulations of power analysis attacks to several ciphers are carried out successfully on this platform, including block ciphers and public key ciphers.
Combination of near-infrared and thermal imaging techniques for the remote and simultaneous measurements of breathing and heart rates under sleep situation (2018)

To achieve the simultaneous and unobtrusive breathing rate (BR) and heart rate (HR) measurements during nighttime, we leverage a far-infrared imager and an infrared camera equipped with IR-Cut lens and an infrared lighting array to develop a dual-camera imaging system. A custom-built cascade face classifier, containing the conventional Adaboost model and fully convolutional network trained by 32K images, was used to detect the face region in registered infrared images. The region of interest (ROI) inclusive of mouth and nose regions was afterwards confirmed by the discriminative regression and coordinate conversions of three selected landmarks. Subsequently, a tracking algorithm based on spatio-temporal context learning was applied for following the ROI in thermal video, and the raw signal was synchronously extracted. Finally, a custom-made time-domain signal analysis approach was developed for the determinations of BR and HR. A dual-mode sleep video database, including the videos obtained under environment where illumination intensity ranged from 0 to 3 Lux, was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system and algorithms. In linear regression analysis, the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.831 had been observed for the measured BR and reference BR, and this value was 0.933 for HR measurement. In addition, the Bland-Altman plots of BR and HR demonstrated that almost all the data points located within their own 95% limits of agreement. Consequently, the overall performance of the proposed technique is acceptable for BR and HR estimations during nighttime.
Postsealing Changes in Porous Aluminum Oxide Films Obtained in Sulfuric Acid Solutions (2000)

The behavior of sealed and unsealed porous aluminum oxide films during aging and autosealing‐aging in various media is studied. The quality of the anodic layers and the degree of sealing and aging are assessed. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are compared with those provided by standard quality control tests, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, gas adsorption porosimetry, and microhardness tests involving specimens sealed to a different extent. These techniques provide complementary information on the different stages of the sealing and autosealing processes (viz. pore plugging; pore wall dissolution; precipitation, crystallization, and agglomeration of hydrated alumina; formation of the intermediate layer), and on the aging stage and its duration. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Self-orientation of short single-walled carbon nanotubes deposited on graphite (2001)

In view of practical handling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), here we present cutting procedures and spontaneous ordering of SWNTs deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Purified SWNTs were cut by ultrasonication in H2SO4/HNO3 mixture and further in de-ionized water. Thus, prepared short SWNTs were resuspended in methanol and dropped on a freshly cleaved HOPG surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy under a vacuum revealed that the short tubes of 20–100 nm in length were aligned along the basal axis of the HOPG lattice. Tunneling spectroscopy obtained from the oriented tubes indicated a semiconducting behavior, which was characterized in relation to their helical structure. The observed orientation of SWNTs was attributed to their one-dimensional electronic nature along the tube axis with the HOPG lattice.
Involvement of a possible chaperonin in the efficient expression of a cloned CryllA δ‐endotoxin gene in <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (1992)

The Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIA delta-endotoxin gene is found as the third-gene in a three-gene operon, with a sporulation-dependent promoter lying upstream of the first gene, orf1. We show here that the polypeptide product of the middle gene (orf2) is required for efficient expression of the toxin gene. In the absence of a functional ORF2 polypeptide the toxin does not form the crystalline inclusions characteristic of other known Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. We discuss the importance of this finding with respect to the possible role of chaperonins in the crystallization of these proteins.
Facile, mild and fast thermal-decomposition reduction of graphene oxide in air and its application in high-performance lithium batteries (2011)

We firstly propose a facile, mild and effective thermal-decomposition strategy to prepare high-quality graphene at a low temperature of 300 °C in only 5 min under an ambient atmosphere. Applying the advantage of this strategy that provides an oxidizing atmosphere, pure V(2)O(5)/graphene composite is successfully synthesized and exerts excellent lithium storage properties.
An evaluation of redundant arrays of disks using an Amdahl 5890 (1990)

Recently we presented several disk array architectures designed to increase the data rate and I/O rate of supercomputing applications, transaction processing, and file systems [Patterson 88]. In this paper we present a hardware performance measurement of two of these architectures, mirroring and rotated parity. We see how throughput for these two architectures is affected by response time requirements, request sizes, and read to write ratios. We find that for applications with large accesses, such as many supercomputing applications, a rotated parity disk array far outperforms traditional mirroring architecture. For applications dominated by small accesses, such as transaction processing, mirroring architectures have higher performance per disk than rotated parity architectures.
3-O-methyl-6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa, a new tumor imaging agent: investigation of transport mechanism in vitro. (2004)

OMFD seems to be a promising PET tracer for imaging of amino acid transport in tumors.
Chemical Composition of the Bulgarian Sumac Oil (1993)

ABSTRACT The composition of the essential oil of Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS, and 19 components were identified, 14 of them found for the first time in this plant. The main constituents were identified as α-pinene (44%), limonene (20%) and β-pinene (11.4%).
DIETHYLSILANEDIOL (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDIETHYLSILANEDIOLP. A. DiGiorgio, L. H. Sommer, and F. C. WhitmoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 2, 344Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01206a504https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01206a504research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Incubation Temperature on Recovery of Mesophilic Bacteria from Broiler Chicken Carcasses Subjected to Temperature Abuse (1994)

The optimum temperature to recover mesophilic organisms from temperature-abused broiler chicken carcasses was determined. Twenty broiler carcasses were collected from a commercial processing plant in each of three trials. Ten carcasses were sampled immediately (Day 0 control); 8 carcasses were sampled after holding at 3 C for 3 d, temperature abusing at 25 C for 12 h, and holding them at 3 C for an additional 3 d (temperature abused); and the remaining 2 carcasses were sampled after holding at 3 C for 7 d (Day 7 control). Whole carcass rinses were analyzed using total aerobic plate counts (TPC) and impedimetric detection times (DT) at incubation temperatures of 41, 42, 43, and 44 C. Total plate counts decreased (P < .05) and DT increased (P < .05), at all incubation temperatures tested, for carcasses held under refrigeration (Day 7 control). This demonstrates that mesophilic bacteria, rather than psychrotrophic bacteria, are being enumerated, because psychrotrophs increase on chicken skin upon cold storage. Total plate count was greater (P < .05) and DT was significantly lower for temperature-abused vs Day 7 control birds (5.7 vs 3.6 log10 cfu/mL and 3.7 vs 6.5 h), respectively. These results indicate that temperature-abused carcasses can be microbiologically distinguished from nonabused controls at all incubation temperatures tested. Recovery of mesophiles was optimal at 41 and 42 C for TPC and 41, 42, and 43 C for DT. Because there were no differences between DT at 41, 42, and 43 C, and because 42 C has been successfully used in the past, either 42 C or 43 C can be used when determining DT.
A novel broadband omnidirectional dual polarized MIMO antenna for 4G LTE applications (2014)

A low-profile broadband omnidirectional multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with dual polarization is presented, which provides polarization diversity for the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication systems, networks, and base stations. It consists of two orthogonally polarized radiating elements with separate feeds. The horizontally-polarized element is comprised of four pairs of flag-shaped dipoles, four parasitical strips, and a balun with tapered striplines for balance-unbalance transition. It has a fractional bandwidth of 55% covering from 1.7 GHz to 3.0 GHz with return loss greater than 10 dB and an overall size of 43×43×1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The vertically polarized element consists of a discone antenna, a round sleeve, and a top-loading ring shorted to the ground-plane for bandwidth enhancement. It has a fractional bandwidth of 137% covering from 671 MHz to 3580 MHz, and an overall volume of 170×170×56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The measurement results show both antenna elements exhibit smooth gain over the operational bandwidth. In addition, the geometrical shape and compactness of the proposed design, along with the omnidirectional radiation patterns, makes it ideal for ceiling or surface-mounted 4G LTE applications.
Detection of Hyperacute Primary Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1996)

MRI can detect hemorrhage within 2.5 to 5 hours of onset of clinical symptoms as regions of marked signal loss due to susceptibility effects, whereas conventional MR scans of ischemic stroke may appear normal. These results demonstrate that MR susceptibility sequences may be sensitive to hyperacute hemorrhage and suggest that MR may be an adequate screen for primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage.
H-trees: a dynamic associative search index for OODB (1992)

The support of the superclass-subclass concept in object-oriented databases (OODB) makes an instance of a subclass also an instance of its superclass. As a result, the access scope of a query against a class in general includes the access scope of all its subclasses, unless specified otherwise. To support the superclass-subclass relationship efficiently, the index must achieve two objectives. First, the index must support efficient retrieval of instances from a single class. Second, it must also support efficient retrieval of instances from classes in a hierarchy of classes. In this paper, we propose a new index called the H-tree that supports efficient retrieval of instances of a single class as well as retrieval of instances of a class and its subclasses. The unique feature of H-trees is that they capture the superclass-subclass relationships. A performance analysis is conducted and both experimental and analytical results indicate that the H-tree is an efficient indexing structure for OODB.
Dynamic Cloud provisioning for scientific Grid workflows (2010)

Scientific computing requires an ever-increasing number of resources to deliver results for growing problem sizes in a reasonable timeframe. In the last decade, while the largest research projects were able to afford expensive supercomputers, others were forced to opt for cheaper resources such as commodity clusters or computational Grids. Today, Cloud computing proposes an alternative by which resources are no longer hosted by the scientists' computational facilities, but leased from specialized data centers only when and for how long they are needed. In this paper, we analyze the problem of dynamic provisioning of Cloud resources to scientific workflows that do not have sufficient Grid resources available, as required by their computational demands. We propose and study four provisioning aspects that deal with the general leasing model encountered in today's commercial Cloud environments based on resource bulks, fuzzy descriptions, and hourly payment intervals: Cloud start, instance type, Grid rescheduling, and Cloud stop. We study the impact of our techniques to the overall execution time, overall cost, and cost per unit of saved time with respect to various instance types offered by the Amazon EC2.