gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-Circuit Capability of SiC Buried-Gate Static Induction Transistors: Basic Mechanism and Impacts of Channel Width on Short-Circuit Performance (2010)

Fundamental short-circuit operations of silicon carbide static induction transistors with buried-gate structures (BGSITs) were experimentally clarified, with subsequent device simulations. The impacts of channel width and source length on short-circuit capabilities were investigated. In particular, a design concept of the channel width was proposed to improve the short-circuit energy without a serious increase in on-resistance. The maximum short-circuit capability of the fabricated BGSITs was 18 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at room temperature, which shows excellent performance compared with that of conventional Si insulated-gate bipolar transistors.
Auditory mood detection for social and educational robots (2008)

Social robots face the fundamental challenge of detecting and adapting their behavior to the current social mood. For example, robots that assist teachers in early education must choose different behaviors depending on whether the children are crying, laughing, sleeping, or singing songs. Interactive robotic applications require perceptual algorithms that both run in real time and are adaptable to the challenging conditions of daily life. This paper explores a novel approach to auditory mood detection which was born out of our experience immersing social robots in classroom environments. We propose a new set of low-level spectral contrast features that extends a class of features which have proven very successful for object recognition in the modern computer vision literature. Features are selected and combined using machine learning approaches so as to make decisions about the ongoing auditory mood. We demonstrate excellent performance on two standard emotional speech databases (the Berlin Emotional Speech [W. Burkhardt et al., 2005], and the ORATOR dataset [H. Quast, 2001]). In addition we establish strong baseline performance for mood detection on a database collected from a social robot immersed in a classroom of 18-24 months old children [J. Movellan er al., 2007]. This approach operates in real time at little computational cost. It has the potential to greatly enhance the effectiveness of social robots in daily life environments.
Socioeconomic Impact of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Leg Ulcers (1997)

Chronic venous insufficiency affects approximately 5% and chronic leg ulcer approximately 1% of the adult population of developed countries. Not only do recent quality of life studies highlight major disability and social impairment but, since this is a condition characterized by chronicity and relapse, it gives rise to massive health care expenditure amounting in the UK to around Pounds 400 million per annum. Venous disease consumes 1-2% of the health care budgets of European countries. Imprecise disease classifications and codings impede the acquisition of accurate data but there is a compelling need for better quality socioeconomic data concerning this long-neglected health care problem.
Characterization of the Human Forssman Synthetase Gene (1999)

Differences in glycolipid expression between species contribute to the tropism of many infectious pathogens for their hosts. For example, we demonstrate that cultured human and monkey urinary epithelial cells fail to bind a canine Escherichia coli uropathogenic isolate; however, transfection of these cells with the canine Forssman synthetase (FS) cDNA enables abundant adherence by the same pathogen, indicating that addition of a single sugar residue to a glycolipid receptor has marked effects on microbial attachment. Given the contribution of glycolipids to host-microbial interactions, we sought to determine why human tissues do not express Forssman glycolipid. Query of the GenBank(TM) data base yielded a human sequence with high identity to the canine FS cDNA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting demonstrated the presence of FS mRNA in all tissues examined. A human FS cDNA was characterized, revealing identities with the canine FS gene of 86 and 83% at the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences, respectively. In contrast to the canine FS cDNA, transfection of COS-1 cells with the human FS cDNA resulted in no detectable FS enzyme activity. These results suggest that variability in glycolipid synthesis between species is an important determinant of microbial tropism. Evolutionary pressure from pathogenic organisms may have contributed to diversity in glycolipid expression among species.
DOES INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) IN CERBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) REGULATE SYSTEMIC ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE (APR) AFTER HUMAN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY? (1994)

Hans, V; Kossmann, T; Imhof, H G; Stocker, R; Trentz, O; Morganti-Kossmann, M C Author Information
Energetic electron measurements in the edge of a reversed-field pinch (1990)

The edge plasma of the ZT-40M [Fusion Technol. 8, 1571 (1985)] reversed-field pinch has been studied using a combination of three different plasma probes: a double-swept Langmuir probe, an electrostatic energy analyzer, and a calorimeter–Langmuir probe. The edge plasma has been measured both with and without a movable graphite tile limiter present nearby in the plasma. Without a limiter a fast nonthermal tail of electrons (T≂350 eV) is detected in the edge plasma with nearly unidirectional flow along B and having a density between 2% and 10% of the cold edge plasma (T≂20 eV). The toroidal sense of this fast electron flow is against the force of the applied electric field. A large power flux along B is measured flowing in the same direction as the fast electrons and is apparently carried by the fast electrons. With the limiter present the fast electrons are still detected in the plasma, but are strongly attenuated in the shadow of the limiter. The measured scrape-off lengths for both the fast electrons and the cold plasma indicate cross-field transport at the rate of, or less than, Bohm diffusion. Estimates indicate that the fast electrons could carry the reversed-field pinch current density at the edge and, from the measured transverse diffusion rates, could also account for the electron energy loss channel in ZT-40 M. The long mean-free-path kinetic nature of these fast electrons suggests that a kinetic process, rather than a magnetohydrodynamic process that is based upon a local Ohm’s law formulation, is responsible for their generation.
Distance to Thrombus in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2015)

Background and Purpose— In patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke, therapeutic decisions are influenced by the location of the occlusion. This study aimed to analyze clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic MCA stroke treated with systemic intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, according to the location of the occlusion. Methods— Of 621 patients screened, 136 with acute stroke and MCA occlusion confirmed by CT angiography were retrospectively included in this study. The distance from the carotid T to the thrombus (DT) on coronal maximum intensity projection images and the thrombus length were measured. The correlation between DT and the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days was analyzed. Results— DT was an independent predictor of clinical outcome in stroke patients treated with IVT. A long DT was significantly correlated with a good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days ≤2). A poor clinical outcome was exponentially more likely than a good outcome when the DT was <16 mm ( P <0.001). The thrombus length was not correlated with the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. A long thrombus (>8 mm) occurred significantly more often in the proximal MCA than the distal MCA ( P <0.001). Conclusion— DT is an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients with acute MCA occlusion treated with IVT. In acute stroke with MCA occlusion confirmed by CT angiography and DT <16 mm, the likelihood of a good clinical outcome after treatment with IVT was exponentially <50%. This might warrant the evaluation of other therapy forms than IVT in patients with proximal MCA occlusion.
Multicopter unmanned aerial vehicle for automated inspection of wind turbines (2016)

A concept for a multicopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) automatically performing inspection flights at a wind turbine is proposed. Key aspects of the concept are (1) a priori 3D mapping of the plant and (2) spline-based flight path planning as well as (3) a collision avoidance and distance control system. A quadrotor UAV prototype and its dynamical model are presented. Validation of the different aspects is carried out in simulation and partially in indoor tests using Robot Operating System (ROS). Existence of a 3D map is an essential precondition for path planning and collision-free flight. A brief initial flight preceding the actual inspection with a 2D LiDAR sensor yields a point cloud of the plant which is used for 3D mapping. This map is efficiently generated and represented using octrees, a hierarchical data structure that can be used for 3D maps. Subsequently a smooth and collision-free flight path is generated using splines. For redundancy's sake navigation tasks not only rely on GPS but also on the LiDAR sensor mentioned before. The sensor allows for continuous estimation of the distance between multicopter and wind turbine. A distance control algorithm guarantees collision-free flight.
Multiple CArG boxes in the human cardiac actin gene promoter required for expression in embryonic cardiac muscle cells developing in vitro from embryonal carcinoma cells. (1991)

Chimeric genes composed of the human cardiac actin promoter driving the Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene were constructed, transfected, and stably integrated into genomes of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. The transfected constructs were expressed actively in cardiac myocytes formed following dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced cell differentiation but poorly in undifferentiated cultures and in cultures treated with retinoic acid to develop into derivatives of the neuroectoderm. A number of deletions of the promoter were constructed and tested. Three regions required for efficient expression in P19-derived cardiac muscle were identified, each containing sequences referred to as CArG boxes (CC[AT-rich]6GG). This analysis indicated that regulatory sequences important for expression in cardiac muscle were present upstream of the core promoter identified previously by transient assays in skeletal myoblasts. Expression of the cardiac actin promoter was enhanced 10-fold in undifferentiated P19 cells in the presence of the myoD protein. The promoter regions important for expression in P19-derived cardiocytes were similar to those important for myoD-induced enhancement, a result we interpret to be consistent with the idea that cardiac muscle might contain a myoD-like activity.
Liposome Accumulation in Regions of Experimental Myocardial Infarction (1977)

The uptake of liposomes bearing positive, negative, or no net charge on their membrane and containing a radioactive tracer, [ 99m Tc]diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, was studied in 12 intact dogs 24 hours after the induction of myocardial infarction, and compared to the relative regional myocardial blood flow determined from radioactive microspheres. Positively charged and neutral liposomes concentrate in infarcted regions against a flow gradient, while negative liposomes are passively distributed according to regional blood flow. Because positively charged and neutral liposomes concentrate in infarct areas and have the ability to incorporate pharmacologic agents in their aqueous or lipid phase, they may serve as vehicles for drug delivery to infarct zones of low flow.
AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS FROM DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES (2008)

The aim of this paper is to present an innovative approach for generating multiple choice questions in automatic way. Although other approaches have been already reported in the literature, the approach presented in this paper is based on domain specific ontologies and it is independent of lexicons such as WordNet or other linguistic resources. The paper also reports on a first prototype implementation of such an approach which creates multiple choice question items using the Semantic Web standard technology OWL (Ontology Web Language). The proposed approach is independent of the domain since questions are generated according to specific ontology-based strategies. In current implementation, simple natural language generation techniques are used in order to provide the items in the questionnaires.
Multi-sensor multi-protocol acquisition system for luxury-yacht production test and characterization (2009)

This paper describes a multi-sensor acquisition system, capable of acquiring data and decoding digital protocols from many different electronic controlled systems installed on-board a luxury motor yacht, with a single hardware-software unit. The acquisition system is remotely connected to the company yacht database, so that it is automatically configured to handle the production test of a specific model among hundreds of possible different yachts, each one with its specific sensor and subsystem configuration. It consists of a hardware section (a PC provided with several converters that make the data available on a USB bus) and a software package that collects the data, decodes the digital protocols (NMEA 0183, CAN J1939, TCP/IP, etc.) and provides a common interface for visualization, data storage and test management. A wireless 2-axis inclinometer, not available on board, has also been designed, realized and integrated as a further sensor to be acquired. The acquisition system has extensively been utilized in the characterization of many different models and has proved a significant improvement in the yacht production tests, making this phase rigorous, documented, shorter and thus much cheaper and efficient than before.
Mass-limited Sn target irradiated by dual laser pulses for an extreme ultraviolet lithography source (2007)

A thin Sn film was investigated as a mass-limited target for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography source. It was found that those energetic ions that are intrinsic with the mass-limited Sn target could be efficiently mitigated by introducing a low-energy prepulse. High in-band conversion efficiency from a laser to 13.5 nm EUV light could be obtained using an Sn film with a thickness down to 30 nm when irradiated by dual laser pulses. It was shown that the combination of dual pulse and inert Ar gas could fully mitigate ions with a low ambient pressure nearly without the penalty of the absorption of the EUV light.
An interactive talking head (2002)

We demonstrate a novel method for producing a synthetic talking head. The method is based on earlier work in which the behaviour of a synthetic individual is generated by reference to a probabilistic model of interactive beha viour within the visual domain - such models are learnt automatically from typical interactions. We extend this work in to a combined visual and auditory domain and employ a state-of-the-art facial appearance model. The result is a real-time synthetic talking head that responds appropriately and with correct timing to simple forms of greeting with variations in facial expression and intonation.
Non-Clinical Safety Evaluation of Intranasal Iota-Carrageenan (2015)

Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. Less data are available for other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. Permeation studies revealed no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa, demonstrating that iota-carrageenan does not reach the blood stream. Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. Data do not provide any evidence for local intolerance or toxicity, when carrageenan is applied intranasally or by inhalation. No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity have been observed in the in vivo studies. This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application.
A Regional Autonomic Energy-saving Management Mechanism for Cellular Networks (2013)

为了实现无线蜂窝网的区域化节能，该文基于自主管理技术提出了区域化的自主节能管理机制(AESMM)。首先分析了无线蜂窝网的节能模型，之后提出AESMM流程。针对AESMM中核心问题，提出了区域化双基站补偿法和智能自主覆盖优化算法，以在保证区域覆盖率的同时实现区域节能的最大化。该机制在WCDMA/HSDPA 城区场景中进行了仿真，并与参考文献中的两种算法进行对比，验证了该机制能够在保证有效业务质量和良好的覆盖情况下，节约区域约17%的能量，实现最大化的节能。
The Ventricular Intracardiac Unipolar Paced‐Evoked Potential in an Isolated Animal Heart (1988)

The endocardial unipolar paced evoked response has excited a great deal of interest due to its possible use in the measurement of the metabolic state of the body and other pacer-related areas. Although rate-responsive pacing utilizing this signal has been clinically evaluated, little is known regarding the behavior of the components of this waveform under normal physiological conditions. We have developed an electronic circuit which allows the recording of the evoked response within a few milliseconds of a pacing stimulus of 5 V and 0.5 ms duration being applied using a single unipolar, smooth platinum electrode of 14 mm2 surface area. The paced evoked response was measured using a total of 20 isolated rabbit heart preparations. Five were run for 8 hours and the remaining fifteen were run for 5 hours. Our results indicate that the waveform components of the evoked response remain stable while the preparation is viable, but that two of the time-related measurements change with loss of viability. A significant lengthening of the stimulus-R interval was seen together with a dramatic shortening of the R-T period. The net result of these changes was an overall reduction of 17% in the complex duration. In addition, we found the R-T shortening to be a sensitive measure of myocardial integrity. We conclude that the combination of our interface charge elimination circuit and the isolated heart preparation has proved a useful system for the investigation of the paced evoked potential. Furthermore, the loss of myocardial viability has a complex action on this response.
Crystal engineering a textbook (2011)

Crystal Engineering Intermolecular Interactions Crystal Design Strategies Crystallization and Crystal Growth Polymorphism Multi-component Crystals Coordination Polymers.
Critical Voltage for Electrical Degradation of GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors (2008)

We have found that there is a critical drain-to-gate voltage beyond which GaN high-electron mobility transistors start to degrade in electrical-stress experiments. The critical voltage depends on the detailed voltage biasing of the device during electrical stress. It is higher in the OFF state and high-power state than at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 0. In addition, as |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> | increases, the critical voltage decreases. We have also found that the stress current does not affect the critical voltage although soft degradation at low voltages takes place at high stress currents. All of our findings are consistent with a degradation mechanism based on crystallographic-defect formation due to the inverse piezoelectric effect. Hot-electron-based mechanisms seem to be in contradiction with our experimental results.
Traveling-wave photomixer with recessed interdigitated contacts on low-temperature-grown GaAs (2006)

We have fabricated and characterized novel traveling-wave photomixers with recessed interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) contacts based on low-temperature-grown GaAs. The new recessed MSM geometry led to an improved electric-field distribution inside the photomixer structure and resulted in an up-to-100% increase in the output power of continuously operated devices, compared to conventional MSM devices with standard surface electrodes fabricated on an identical material. The recessed electrode structure also resulted in lower saturation of output power at higher input powers, enabling it to take advantage of higher input powers.
Trapped Microcatheter from Vessel Spasm: Safe Removal after Double Microcatheter Technique and Local Papaverine Infusion (2006)

In a child undergoing combined transarterial and direct percutaneous puncture embolization of an extensive and complex facial arteriovenous malformation, severe arterial spasm fixed a flow-directed microcatheter in an ethmoidal branch of the left ophthalmic artery. Multiple traction attempts failed to remove the microcatheter. After catheterization of the distal, post central retinal artery part of the same ophthalmic artery, with a second flow-directed microcatheter and following intraarterial papaverine injection through this second microcatheter, the fixed microcatheter could be removed without complication. This case demonstrates a technique that can be attempted before deciding to leave the microcatheter in the patient or to remove it surgically.
Glutamine Synthetase of the Human Brain: Purification and Characterization (1987)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) isolated from human brain formed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel with a molecular weight of 44,000. The enzyme had a specific activity of 179.2 U/mg protein when assayed by measuring the rate of the formation of gamma-glutamylhydroxamate using hydroxylamine as a substrate. In the presence of manganese ions, the relative activity of human brain GS was much lower than that of the sheep brain enzyme. The suppression of activity by increasing the ADP concentration, however, was less marked in the human enzyme than that in the sheep enzyme. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified enzyme. The double-immunodiffusion technique disclosed cross-reactivities among GSs isolated from human, sheep, and rat brains, but the enzymes were not immunologically identical. Immunohistochemically, GS was localized in the cytoplasm of astrocytes in the human and rat brains and in pericentral hepatocytes of the liver.
THE POTENTIAL OF QUADRUPOLE MAGNETIC FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION FOR DETERMINING PARTICLE MAGNETIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS (2002)

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, Zborowski and co-workers [1,2] have developed the flowthrough quadrupole magnetic separator (QMS) for isolating or enriching specific biological cell types for the purposes of medical diagnostics or therapy. In this system the quadrupole magnet produces a radially symmetric magnetic field. The flow channel has a thin annular geometry and is mounted concentrically in the field. Using an annular inlet flow splitter, a cell sample suspension is introduced close to the inner channel wall and pure suspending fluid introduced at the outer wall. Particular cell types, mobilized by labeling with immunospecific magnetic nanoparticles, are driven toward the outer channel wall as they are carried along the channel by the overall flow of suspending fluid. The mobilized cells are divided from the remaining cells by an annular splitter at the channel outlet. The theory for the annular channel operation [3] was based upon that previously developed for the parallel-plate systems invented by Giddings [4,5].