gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spiral Plate Method for Bacterial Determination (1973)

A method is described for determining the number of bacteria in a solution by the use of a machine which deposits a known volume of sample on a rotating agar plate in an ever decreasing amount in the form of an Archimedes spiral. After the sample is incubated, different colony densities are apparent on the surface of the plate. A modified counting grid is described which relates area of the plate of volume of sample. By counting an appropriate area of the plate, the number of bacteria in the sample is estimated. This method was compared to the pour plate procedure with the use of pure and mixed cultures in water and milk. The results did not demonstrate a significant difference in variance between duplicates at the alpha = 0.01 level when concentrations of 600 to 12 x 10(5) bacteria per ml were used, but the spiral plate method gave counts that were higher than counts obtained by the pour plate method. The time and materials required for this method are substantially less than those required for the conventional aerobic pour plate procedure.
Fast response 2 \times 2 thermo-optic switch with polymer/silica hybrid waveguide (2012)

A polymer/silica hybrid 22 multimode-interference Mach-Zehnder interferometer thermo-optic (TO) switch is designed and fabricated. Instead of polymer, silica is used as under-cladding to accelerate heat release because of its large thermal conductivity. The developed switch exhibits low power consumption of 6.2 mW, low crosstalk of about -28 dB, and short response time. The rise and fall times of 103 and 91 s for this hybrid switch are shortened by 40.8% and 52.4%, respectively, compared with those of the fabricated TO switch (174 and 191 s) using polymer as both upper-and under-claddings.
PTP1B regulates neurite extension mediated by cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion molecules (2001)

N-cadherin and beta1-integrin adhesion and signaling play important roles in growth cone adhesion and guidance. Each of these adhesion receptor systems is composed of multiprotein complexes, and both adhesion and downstream signaling events are regulated through the interaction of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases with many of the proteins that make up these complex systems. Work from our laboratory reported that the nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is localized to adherens junctions and focal adhesion complexes and regulates both N-cadherin- and beta1-integrin-mediated adhesion. PTP1B appears to modulate integrin-mediated adhesion through regulation of src activation and cadherin-mediated adhesion through dephosphorylation of beta-catenin. We have continued these studies and report that PTP1B is localized to the tips of growing neurites and that introduction of a noncatalytic mutant of PTP1B into PC12 cells results in inhibition of N-cadherin- and beta1-integrin-mediated neurite outgrowth but is without effect on neurite outgrowth on poly-L-lysine. Moreover, suppressing the level of PTP1B in primary embryonic chick neural retina cells using antisense oligonucleotides also inhibits N-cadherin- and beta1-integrin-mediated neurite outgrowth. Neither of these techniques reduces the levels of expression of either adhesion receptor. We conclude that PTP1B is a regulatory component of the molecular complex required for both N-cadherin and beta1-integrin-mediated axon growth.
Pretreatment of coal during transport (2023)

Many available coals are "caking coals" which possess the undesirable characteristic of fusing into a solid mass when heated through their plastic temperature range (about 400.degree. C.) which temperature range is involved in many common treatment processes such as gasification, hydrogenation, carbonization and the like. Unless the caking properties are first destroyed, the coal cannot be satisfactorily used in such processes. A process is disclosed herein for decaking finely divided coal during its transport to the treating zone by propelling the coal entrained in an oyxgen-containing gas through a heated transport pipe whereby the separate transport and decaking steps of the prior art are combined into a single step.
An over 2200-km coherent transmission experiment at 2.5 Gb/s using erbium-doped-fiber in-line amplifiers (1991)

A 2223 km transmission distance was achieved with a 2.5-Gb/s heterodyne detection system that used erbium-doped-fiber in-line amplifiers and dispersion-shifted single-mode fibers. Twenty-five amplifiers, placed at approximately 80-km intervals, offered a total gain of more than 440 dB. Receiver sensitivity was -42.0 dBm, with only a 4.2-dB penalty from the initial sensitivity achieved by the back-to-back configuration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Active Mammalian Replication Origins Are Associated with a High-Density Cluster of <sup>m</sup>CpG Dinucleotides (1997)

ori-beta is a well-characterized origin of bidirectional replication (OBR) located approximately 17 kb downstream of the dihydrofolate reductase gene in hamster cell chromosomes. The approximately 2-kb region of ori-beta that exhibits greatest replication initiation activity also contains 12 potential methylation sites in the form of CpG dinucleotides. To ascertain whether DNA methylation might play a role at mammalian replication origins, the methylation status of these sites was examined with bisulfite to chemically distinguish cytosine (C) from 5-methylcytosine (mC). All of the CpGs were methylated, and nine of them were located within 356 bp flanking the minimal OBR, creating a high-density cluster of mCpGs that was approximately 10 times greater than average for human DNA. However, the previously reported densely methylated island in which all cytosines were methylated regardless of their dinucleotide composition was not detected and appeared to be an experimental artifact. A second OBR, located at the 5' end of the RPS14 gene, exhibited a strikingly similar methylation pattern, and the organization of CpG dinucleotides at other mammalian origins revealed the potential for high-density CpG methylation. Moreover, analysis of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled nascent DNA confirmed that active replication origins were methylated. These results suggest that a high-density cluster of mCpG dinucleotides may play a role in either the establishment or the regulation of mammalian replication origins.
ITS to change behaviour: A focus about bike mobility monitoring and incentive — The SaveMyBike system (2016)

The general objective of the research is to increase the use of sustainable means of transport in urban areas, to improve air quality through good mobility practice rewarding or of mobility demand management systems (credit market mobility-tradable mobility credit) made by monitoring individual trips. After a first analysis of the existing mobility demand management systems, it is described the use of rewards/incentive as one of the possible solutions. The use of ITS to monitor all available mobility modes is analyzed and the lack of ITS to monitor daily bicycle mobility is underlined. Behind this problem, the paper presents the SaveMyBike project and its solutions.
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions of New Anti-cancer Agents (2010)

Chemotherapeutic agents may induce cutaneous toxicity. Although the cutaneous side effects of chemotherapeutic agents are rarely life threatening, they can impact the physical, psychological, and social well-being of patients receiving these therapies. Recently, a number of new anti-cancer agents have been approved for the treatment of cancer. These new anti-cancer agents manifest a variety of cutaneous reactions. This article reviews the cutaneous toxicity of these agents, particularly those which dermatologists are likely to be consulted about. (Korean J Dermatol 2010;48(4):257∼265)Key Words: Anti-cancer agent, Cutaneous toxicity서 론
Erratum: “Transparent-cathode for top-emission organic light-emitting diodes” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2715 (2003)] (2003)

First Page
Chile: Cinema in Exile (2015)

Executions, disappearances, and exile are not the first words that come to mind when picturing the long, versatile landscape of Chile. Nonetheless, Chile was under the harsh control of Augusto Pinochet from 1974 until 1990 and experienced a high level of political oppression during that time. Though Chile had only a short film history before the rule of Pinochet, cinema remained relevant despite the exile and hardships experienced by several prominent Chilean filmmakers. Ironically, under the hostile dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, Chile developed a stronger national cinema, producing politically and historically motivated films made by the exiled filmmakers, who persevered through renewed struggle to create a strong sense of solidarity while opening Chilean cinema to a much wider audience.
A monoclonal antibody specific for a common determinant of the human T cell receptor gamma/delta directly activates CD3+WT31- lymphocytes to express their functional program(s). (1988)

In an attempt to select mAbs specific for human TCR-gamma/delta, a polyclonal CD3+ 4-8-WT31- (TCR-gamma/delta+) cell line (MV1) was used for mice immunization. An mAb, termed BB3, reacted with MV1 cells but not with a large panel of CD3+ WT31+ (TCR-alpha/beta+) cell populations or clones. In addition, BB3 mAb reacted with the majority of CD3+ WT31- clones derived from six different donors. Double-color fluorescence experiments and FACS analysis showed that BB3+ cells were restricted to the CD3+ fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes; in addition, in several donors the percentages (0.5-8% of total PBL) of BB3+ cells paralleled those of CD3+ WT31- cells. Surface molecules recognized by BB3 were susceptible to antibody-induced modulation; in addition, cell treatment with either BB3 or anti-CD3 mAb caused the simultaneous downregulation of the two molecules. That BB3 molecules are physically linked to CD3 antigen was further supported by immunoprecipitation experiments. Thus, under conditions that preserve the TCR-CD3 association, both BB3 and anti-CD3 mAb precipitated from 125I-labeled MV1 cells the same set of molecules. These consisted in the 18-28-kD CD3 molecules and in three bands of approximately 44, 42, and 38 kD under reducing conditions. When cell lysis was performed in 1% NP-40, the molecules immunoprecipitated by BB3 mAb were represented by an 80-kD band under nonreducing conditions, which resolved, under reducing conditions, in the three 44-, 42-, and 38-kD bands. Similar disulphide-linked forms of the TCR molecules were revealed in all of the other eight CD3+ WT31- BB3+ clones analyzed. Analysis of TCR molecules by electrophoresis (NEPHGE) showed that BB3 or anti-CD3 precipitated a 44-kD molecule displaying a basic PI (approximately 7.5) and two more acidic proteins (PI approximately 6) with a mol mass of 42 and 38 kD. Studies aimed to define whether stimuli directly acting on TCR-gamma/delta could induce CD3+ WT31- cell activation revealed that (a) In the presence of PMA, soluble BB3 mAb induced IL-2 production by MV1 cell line and by three other CD3+ WT31- BB3+ clones analyzed. (b) BB3 mAb-producing hybridoma used as triggering target, was efficiently lysed by CD3+ WT31- BB3+ effector cells (but not by CD3+ WT31+ BB3- conventional CTL). (c) Soluble BB3 mAb induced CD3+ WT31- BB3+ effector cells to lyse the Fc receptor-positive P815 target cells. (d) BB3-TCR-gamma/delta interaction on CD3+ WT31- BB3+ cells induced a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i levels, similar to that observed in response to anti-CD3 mAbs.
Proton hyperpolarisation preserved in long-lived states (2010)

The polarisation of abundant protons, rather than dilute nuclei with low gyromagnetic ratios, can be enhanced in less than 10 min using dissolution DNP and converted into a long-lived state delocalised over an ensemble of three coupled protons. The process is more straightforward than the hyperpolarisation of heteronuclei followed by magnetisation transfer to protons.
Wet oxidation of AlGaAs: the role of hydrogen (1997)

Wet oxidation of AlGaAs to form Al2O3 by the reduction of H+ from water to H produces intermediate As2O3. Reduction of As2O3 by H to elemental As enables the escape of arsenic from the oxidized film. Further reduction of As to AsH3 can provide another volatile As species. Formation of intermediate As is problematic for the use of wet oxidation in metal-insulator-semiconductor applications. The kinetic balance between As2O3 formation and As escape can explain the transition between the linear and parabolic time dependence of the wet oxidation of buried AlGaAs layers. The near-total suppression of wet oxidation by O2 is attributed to the suppression of volatile product formation through consumption of atomic hydrogen by reaction with O2 to form H2O in preference to the hydrogen reduction of As2O3.
The thermodynamic scale of inorganic crystalline metastability (2016)

The space of metastable materials offers promising new design opportunities for next-generation technological materials, such as complex oxides, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, steels, and beyond. Although metastable phases are ubiquitous in both nature and technology, only a heuristic understanding of their underlying thermodynamics exists. We report a large-scale data-mining study of the Materials Project, a high-throughput database of density functional theory-calculated energetics of Inorganic Crystal Structure Database structures, to explicitly quantify the thermodynamic scale of metastability for 29,902 observed inorganic crystalline phases. We reveal the influence of chemistry and composition on the accessible thermodynamic range of crystalline metastability for polymorphic and phase-separating compounds, yielding new physical insights that can guide the design of novel metastable materials. We further assert that not all low-energy metastable compounds can necessarily be synthesized, and propose a principle of 'remnant metastability'-that observable metastable crystalline phases are generally remnants of thermodynamic conditions where they were once the lowest free-energy phase.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube papers as binder-free cathodes for large capacity and reversible non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries (2013)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were interpenetrated together to form a 3-dimensional porous structure, multi-walled carbon nanotube paper (WCNTP), by a floating catalyst method. The as-synthesized MWCNTP was employed as an air cathode for non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries without the addition of any binder or conductive additives. A huge specific capacity of 34 600 mA h g−1 could be obtained at a current density of 500 mA g−1. 50 cycles of continuous discharge and charge have been achieved with no capacity loss at 250 mA g−1, with a cut-off capacity of 1000 mA h g−1. The reversible formation and decomposition of the discharge product Li2O2 was clearly revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results suggest the great potential of the binder-free MWCNTPs as air cathodes for Li–O2 batteries with high energy density.
Localizing Overlapping Parts by Searching the Interpretation Tree (1987)

This paper discusses how local measurements of positions and surface normals may be used to identify and locate overlapping objects. The objects are modeled as polyhedra (or polygons) having up to six degrees of positional freedom relative to the sensors. The approach operates by examining all hypotheses about pairings between sensed data and object surfaces and efficiently discarding inconsistent ones by using local constraints on: distances between faces, angles between face normals, and angles (relative to the surface normals) of vectors between sensed points. The method described here is an extension of a method for recognition and localization of nonoverlapping parts previously described in [18] and [15].
[Overexpression of CHIP in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells induces mitotic abnormality]. (2008)

This study was aimed to investigate the possible influence of a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70/Hsp70-interacting protein) on biological characteristics of cancer cells. Stable overexpression models in CML K562 cells were established via lipofectamine-mediated wild type CHIP and its TPR or U-box deletion mutants gene transfection. Followed G418 pressure selection, K562-CHIP stable transfected cell clones were obtained by limited dilution. The proliferation status and cell cycle were observed by MTT assay and FACS. The expression of related proteins and morphological changes were detected by Western blot and Wright-Giemsa staining. The results showed that overexpression of wild type CHIP did not inhibit cell proliferation, but slightly increased cell ratio of G(2)/M phase. CHIP gene had no effect on the stability of BCR-ABL kinase protein. HDAC inhibitor FK228-induced BCR-ABL degradation did not enhanced by CHIP. Notably the enlarged cells and abnormal mitotic cells remarkably increased in K562 WT-CHIP cells, indicating that CHIP may involve in the regulation of mitotic process. It is concluded that wild type CHIP induces mitotic abnormity in K562 cells.
MRI for assessing antivascular cancer treatments (2003)

Selective antiangiogenesis and vascular targeting drugs hold out the promise of improved efficacy and tolerability for anticancer treatments. Early phase 1 drug trials have shown good tolerability for antiangiogenesis agents with biological activity below the maximum tolerated dose. Advanced clinical trials have demonstrated that morphological assessments of tumour response are of limited value in gauging the efficacy of treatment. MRI is a versatile technique which is sensitive to contrast mechanisms that can be affected by antivascular treatments; this use for MRI has been validated in xenografts and humans. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), which demonstrates tissue perfusion and permeability, is being used clinically as a pharmacodynamic indicator of biological activity for antivascular cancer drugs. Early data show that DCE-MRI studies can define the biologically active dose and predict the efficacy of treatment on the basis of changes observed. MRI with macromolecular contrast media (MMCM) depicts microvessel permeability and fractional plasma volume. Xenograft studies with MMCM have shown great promise for evaluating antivascular treatments but this has not been used clinically. Intrinsic susceptibility-weighted MRI, which is sensitive to blood oxygenation and flow, is emerging as a technique that may be able to monitor vascular targeting therapies.
Aplanatic condition required to reproduce jitter-free signals in an optical digital disk system (1987)

We present the optical condition required for precise reproduction of electric signals with digital data coded on an optical disk as a combination of the length of pits and the interval between them. We approximate the modulation of photocurrent by the interference between the zeroth- and first-order beams diffracted by the pits, and express the mean-squared waveform distortion of the readout signal as a function of the squared sum of the phase transfer function and the modulation transfer function. We established both by measurement and by prediction using waveform distortion (both measurement and theory agreeing well) that jitter is highest in the presence of tangential coma, next highest in the presence of spherical aberration. We conclude, therefore, that an optical digital disk system must be aplanatic for jitter-free reproduction of digital data.
Interrogation of Surfaces for the Quantification of Adsorbed Species on Electrodes: Oxygen on Gold and Platinum in Neutral Media (2008)

We introduce a new in situ electrochemical technique based on the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) operating in a transient feedback mode for the detection and direct quantification of adsorbed species on the surface of electrodes. A SECM tip generates a titrant from a reversible redox mediator that reacts chemically with an electrogenerated or chemically adsorbed species at a substrate of about the same size as the tip, which is positioned at a short distance from it (ca.1 μm). The reaction between the titrant and the adsorbate provides a transient positive feedback loop until the adsorbate is consumed completely. The sensing mechanism is provided by the contrast between positive and negative feedback, which allows a direct quantification of the charge neutralized at the substrate. The proposed technique allows quantification of the adsorbed species generated at the substrate at a given potential under open circuit conditions, a feature not attainable with conventional electrochemical methods. Moreover, the feedback mode allows the tip to be both the titrant generator and detector, simplifying notably the experimental setup. The surface interrogation technique we introduce was tested for the quantification of electrogenerated oxides (adsorbed oxygen species) on gold and platinum electrodes at neutral pH in phosphate and TRIS buffers and with two different mediator systems. Good agreement is found with cyclic voltammetry at the substrate and with previous results in the literature, but we also find evidence for the formation of “incipient oxides” which are not revealed by conventional voltammetry. The mode of operation of the technique is supported by digital simulations, which show good agreement with the experimental results.
Identification and Characterization of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> -Expressed RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Bamboo Mosaic Virus (1998)

Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), a member of the potexvirus group, infects primarily members of the Bambusoideae. The open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of BaMV encodes a 155-kDa polypeptide that was postulated to be involved in the replication and the formation of cap structure at the 5' end of the viral genome. To characterize the activities associated with the 155-kDa viral protein, it was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells with thioredoxin, hexahistidine, and S. Tag fused consecutively at its amino terminus, and the fusion protein was purified by metal affinity chromatography. Several RNA fragments, prepared by in vitro transcription, were tested as substrates for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. Among them, the expressed fusion enzyme was able to generate a 32P-labeled RNA product when 3'-end RNA fragments of the positive strand or negative strand of BaMV were included in the assay mixture. Dot hybridization assay revealed that the reaction products are complementary to their RNA substrates. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the 155-kDa protein encoded by ORF1 of BaMV has an RdRp activity and should be involved in the replication of BaMV. Mutational analyses demonstrate the importance of the GDD motif in the polymerase activity, and deletion studies suggest that the polymerase activity resides in the carboxyl terminus of the 155-kDa viral protein.