gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Odor-Active Compounds in Unhopped Beer and Beers Hopped with Different Hop Varieties (2006)

Odorants comprising the hop aromas of beers were examined. Strongly hopped beers with Saazer, Hersbrucker, and Cascade hops were compared with unhopped beer by gas chromatography-olfactometry (CharmAnalysis) and sensory evaluation. Twenty-seven odorants were revealed as hop-derived, which derived either directly from hops or via metabolization, and 19 components were identified. Of the components, linalool, geraniol, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, and ethyl 2-methylpropanoate were determined as odor-active components from their Charm values and aroma values. The muscat-like aroma of Cascade beer and the spicy aroma of Hersbrucker beer were predominant in sensory evaluation, and the contributors to these characteristics were investigated.
The Electret Ionization Chamber (1978)

A model is presented for the vol. strain of a two-phase blend which elongates homogeneously in a tensile test app. In the case when only elastic deformation and crazing take place, the vol. strain vs. elongation curve can be constructed and calcd. from the data of the stress-strain curve alone. When, as well as crazing and elastic deformation, shearing takes place, the data of the stress vs. elongation curve and the vol. strain vs. elongation curve can be used to calc. the sep. contributions of the three deformation mechanisms at any elongation. In principle, the model can be also used for any homogeneous system which deforms without necking and where one or more deformation mechanism is present. [on SciFinder (R)]
Inhibition of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> by a Bacteriocin from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1976)

Supernatants from broth-grown cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 103 exhibited bactericidal activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The concentration of the bactericidal substance increased significantly after induction by mitomycin C. Purification was effected by salt fractionation, chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and sedimentation by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 90 min. Electron microscopy of this purified preparation revealed structures resembling R-type pyocins in both the contracted and uncontracted state. Pyocins in the contracted state were observed in association with the gonococcal cell surface. No loss of bactericidal activity was observed after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Standard pyocin typing procedures identified the pyocin pattern as 611 131. The bactericidal activity of this pyocin was examined on various species of Neisseria. Out of 56 strains of N. gonorrhoeae from disseminated and nondisseminated infections, all were susceptible to pyocin 611 131. However, only 3 of 20 strains of N. meningitidis and 5 of 16 strains of N. lactamica were susceptible. The bactericidal activity that pyocin 611 131 has for N. gonorrhoeae and other species of Neisseria is significant because it departs from the expected specificity that heretofore has distinguished bacteriocins from most "classical" antibiotics.
Generation of Spectral–Temporal Response Surfaces by Combining Multispectral Satellite and Hyperspectral UAV Imagery for Precision Agriculture Applications (2015)

Precision agriculture requires detailed crop status information at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Remote sensing can provide such information, but single sensor observations are often incapable of meeting all data requirements. Spectral-temporal response surfaces (STRSs) provide continuous reflectance spectra at high temporal intervals. This is the first study to combine multispectral satellite imagery (from Formosat-2) with hyperspectral imagery acquired with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to construct STRS. This study presents a novel STRS methodology which uses Bayesian theory to impute missing spectral information in the multispectral imagery and introduces observation uncertainties into the interpolations. This new method is compared to two earlier published methods for constructing STRS: a direct interpolation of the original data and a direct interpolation along the temporal dimension after imputation along the spectral dimension. The STRS derived through all three methods are compared to field measured reflectance spectra, leaf area index (LAI), and canopy chlorophyll of potato plants. The results indicate that the proposed Bayesian approach has the highest correlation (r = 0.953) and lowest RMSE (0.032) to field spectral reflectance measurements. Although the optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) obtained from all methods have similar correlations to field data, the modified chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (MCARI) obtained from the Bayesian STRS outperform the other two methods. A correlation of 0.83 with LAI and 0.77 with canopy chlorophyll measurements are obtained, compared to correlations of 0.27 and 0.09, respectively, for the directly interpolated STRS.
Development of hard carbon coatings for thin-film tape heads (1995)

Major problems in thin-film recording heads are pole tip/gap recession in the inductive head and scratching/smearing, electrical short, electrostatic charge build up, and corrosion of the MR stripe in the MR heads. Wear of head structure can be minimized by depositing a hard carbon coating over the entire ABS including the head structure. In this study, we have deposited carbon coatings on Ni-Zn ferrite and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC substrates and dummy heads by various deposition techniques and characterized for mechanical and tribological properties. Ion beam carbon coatings on Ni-Zn ferrite and cathodic arc carbon coatings on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC heads exhibit most wear resistance compared to other coatings in a tape drive test.
UCP1 deficiency increases susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity with age (2005)

Loss of nonshivering thermogenesis in mice by inactivation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene (Ucp1-/- mice) causes increased sensitivity to cold and unexpected resistance to diet-induced obesity at a young age. To clarify the role of UCP1 in body weight regulation throughout life and influence of UCP1 deficiency on longevity, we longitudinally analyzed the phenotypes of Ucp1-/- mice maintained in a room at 23 degrees C. There was no difference in body weight and lifespan between genotypes under the standard chow diet condition, whereas the mutant mice developed obesity with age under the high-fat (HF) diet condition. Compared with Ucp1+/+ mice, Ucp1-/- mice showed increased expression of genes related to thermogenesis and fatty acid metabolism, such as beta3-adrenergic receptor, in adipose tissues of the 3-month-old mutants; however, the augmented expression was reduced in Ucp1+/+ mice in 11-month-old Ucp1-/- mice fed the HF diet. Likewise, the increased levels of UCP3 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the brown adipose tissue of Ucp1-/- mice given the standard diet were decreased significantly in that of Ucp1-/- mice fed the HF diet, which animals showed impaired norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in their adipose tissues. These results suggest profound attenuation of beta-adrenergic responsiveness and fatty acid utilization in Ucp1-/- mice fed the HF diet, bringing them to late-onset obesity. Our findings provide evidence that UCP1 is neither essential for body weight regulation nor for longevity under conditions of standard diet and normal housing temperature, but deficiency increases susceptibility to obesity with age in combination with HF diet.
Characterization of stacked die using die-to-wafer integration for high yield and throughput (2008)

We have developed a die-to-wafer integration technology for high yield and throughput for the formation of high bandwidth, high performance, and short-distance interconnections in three-dimensional (3D) stack applications. The results show that multiple 70-μm thick die can be successfully assembled in stacks on top of a wafer using a single bonding step, rather than by repeated sequential bonding steps. In this study, 1-die, 3-die, and 6-die stacks were assembled and the electrical resistance of link chains consisting of through-silicon-vias (TSVs), low-volume lead-free interconnects, and Cu wiring links was measured. The average resistance of the TSV including the lead-free interconnect was as low as 21 mΩ. The stacking throughput can be dramatically improved by this die-to-wafer integration technology and the contact resistance and reliability test results suggest that a reliable integration technology can be used for 3D stack applications.
Extracting Gold in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>: Fluorinated Molecular Baskets and Thiourea Ligands for Au (2003)

Selective ligands for precious and heavy metal complexation and extraction in sc-CO2, capable of replacing environmentally unfriendly processes using solvents or hazardous chemicals, are being researched in our supercritical fluid centre at UCC. In particular, the design and synthesis of a series of fluorinated calixarene ligands, aptly named molecular baskets, has led to demonstrations of their extractive power for gold(III). Further research on a series of new 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl thiourea derivatives proved remarkably successful for the solubilisation and extraction of gold in sc-CO2.
Photonic gaps in the dispersion of surface plasmons on gratings (1995)

An analytic model is presented that reveals the physical origin of the photonic band gap created by Bragg scattering of surface plasmon polaritons on gratings. The model leads to simple functional forms for the gap width, central frequency, and field distributions which are confirmed by comparison with numerical calculations and experimental data.
Kinetics of disproportionation of tricarbonylbis(phosphine)iron(I) cation radicals probed by double potential step chronocoulometry (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of disproportionation of tricarbonylbis(phosphine)iron(I) cation radicals probed by double potential step chronocoulometryMichael J. Therien, Ching Long. Ni, Fred C. Anson, Janet G. Osteryoung, and William C. TroglerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 14, 4037–4042Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00274a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00274a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autism and pervasive developmental disorders (1997)

Recent research on autism and related disorders has increasingly focused on mechanisms (e.g. in relation to the genetics of autism and the nature of the psychologic deficits underlying the condition). The recent delineation of subtypes within the broader pervasive developmental disorder class of disorder has raised many issues for future research.
[Molecular cloning and characterization of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase gene from Artemisia annua L.]. (2016)

The plastidial methylerythritol phosphate(MEP) pathway provides 5-carbon precursors to the biosynthesis of isoprenoid (including artemisinin). 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (MCT) is the third enzyme of the MEP pathway, which catalyzes 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate to form 4-(cytidine 5’-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol. The full-length MCT cDNA sequence (AaMCT) was cloned and characterized for the first time from Artemisia annua L. Analysis of tissue expression pattern revealed that AaMCT was highly expressed in glandular secretory trichome and poorly expressed in leaf, flower, root and stem. AaMCT was found to be a methyl jasmonate (Me JA)-induced genes, the expression of AaMCT was significantly increased after MeJA treatment. Subcellular localization indicated that the GFP protein fused with AaMCT was targeted specifically in chloroplasts. The transgenic plants of Arabidopsis thaliana with AaMCT overexpression exhibited a significantly increase in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, demonstrating that AaMCT kinase plays an influential role in isoprenoid biosynthesis.
The use of polymer supports in organic synthesis. V. The preparation of monoacetates of symmetrical diols (1976)

A 2% cross-linked divinylbenzene–styrene copolymer was directly lithiated with n-butyllithium in the presence of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. The lithiated polymer on reaction with a benzophenone gave an insoluble polymer-bound trityl alcohol. Further reaction with acetyl chloride gave a polymer-bound trityl chloride which, on treatment with the primary symmetrical diols 1,10-decanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, and 1,4-butanediol, gave mostly symmetrical diols monoblocked by insoluble polymer-bound trityl groups. Acetylation followed by acid cleavage from the polymer gave the monoacetates of 1,10-decanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, and 1,4-butanediol and some recovered diols. The recovered polymer can be efficiently recycled. The quantity of recovered diol was related to the problem of 'double-binding' of the symmetrical diols to the polymer-bound trityl groups. The extent of 'double-binding' could be greatly reduced by the use of polymer-bound trityl chloride prepared via the lithiated polymer and methyl benzoate or phosgene.
Measurement of Polyamine pK a Values (2011)

The extent of ionization of the polyamines is an important factor in their interactions with cellular components. The pK(a) is the pH at which a functional group is 50% ionized. For compounds such as polyamines with more than one ionizable center (atom or functional group), there is a pK(a) value for each center of ionization. This chapter describes the pK(a) values for each amine group in many important polyamines, the factors influencing these values and methods for their determination using potentiometric titration and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Improved Discrimination between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Plants for Weed Control Based on the Blue-Green Region of Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence Spectra (2010)

Precision weeding by spot spraying in real time requires sensors to discriminate between weeds and crop without contact. Among the optical based solutions, the ultraviolet (UV) induced fluorescence of the plants appears as a promising alternative. In a first paper, the feasibility of discriminating between corn hybrids, monocotyledonous, and dicotyledonous weeds was demonstrated on the basis of the complete spectra. Some considerations about the different sources of fluorescence oriented the focus to the blue-green fluorescence (BGF) part, ignoring the chlorophyll fluorescence that is inherently more variable in time. This paper investigates the potential of performing weed/crop discrimination on the basis of several large spectral bands in the BGF area. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on a set of 1908 spectra of corn and weed plants over 3 years and various growing conditions. The discrimination between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants based on the blue-green fluorescence yielded robust models (classification error between 1.3 and 4.6% for between-year validation). On the basis of the analysis of the PLS-DA model, two large bands were chosen in the blue-green fluorescence zone (400-425 nm and 425-490 nm). A linear discriminant analysis based on the signal from these two bands also provided very robust inter-year results (classification error from 1.5% to 5.2%). The same selection process was applied to discriminate between monocotyledonous weeds and maize but yielded no robust models (up to 50% inter-year error). Further work will be required to solve this problem and provide a complete UV fluorescence based sensor for weed-maize discrimination.
Epitaxial Growth of Al on Si by Gas-Temperature-Controlled Chemical Vapor Deposition (1988)

Epitaxial Al(111) film was deposited on Si(111) by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition with the use of tri-isobutyl aluminum (TIBA) at the substrate temperature of 400°C with the deposition rete of 0.9 µm/min. It was necessary for epitaxy to preheat the TIBA gas just before the deposition on the substrate (gas-temperature controlling). The film surface was very smooth; reflectance was higher than 90%. Streaks were observed in RHEED patterns. The rocking curve measured by X-ray diffraction was very narrow. Analysis by SIMS showed the film contained about 0.1% of Si and 20 ppm of O, C, and H. No hillock appeared on the film after 430°C annealing for 40 min.
Fuel economy, emissions and noise of multi-spray light duty DI diesels–current status and development trends (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The current status and development trends of light duty diesel engines equipped with a multi-spray direct injection combustion system are described. Fuel consumption maps of a naturally aspirated and a turbocharged engine show that competitive performance and best fuel economy can be achieved. As a means for the reduction of combustion noise a “split injection device” is installed in the high pressure part of the fuel system. It permits a reduction of the amount of fuel injected during the ignition delay and consequently reduces the rate of pressure rise and maximum cylinder pressure. In addition, also a reduction of exhaust emissions is experienced. Advanced piston technology is presented as a feature for a further improvement of performance and fuel economy.</div>
AgreementMaker (2009)

We present the AgreementMaker system for matching real-world schemas and ontologies, which may consist of hundreds or even thousands of concepts. The end users of the system are sophisticated domain experts whose needs have driven the design and implementation of the system: they require a responsive, powerful, and extensible framework to perform, evaluate, and compare matching methods. The system comprises a wide range of matching methods addressing different levels of granularity of the components being matched (conceptual vs. structural), the amount of user intervention that they require (manual vs. automatic), their usage (stand-alone vs. composed), and the types of components to consider (schema only or schema and instances). Performance measurements (recall, precision, and runtime) are supported by the system, along with the weighted combination of the results provided by those methods. The AgreementMaker has been used and tested in practical applications and in the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) competition. We report here on some of its most advanced features, including its extensible architecture that facilitates the integration and performance tuning of a variety of matching methods, its capability to evaluate, compare, and combine matching results, and its user interface with a control panel that drives all the matching methods and evaluation strategies.
Improving Quality Control of Directional Survey Data With Continuous Inertial Navigation (1992)

Summary Continuous inertial navigation systems (INS) for high-accuracy surveying canbe used to enhance quality control of survey data significantly. This papershows how to use the unique capabilities of these systems while retainingcompatibility with widely accepted quality-control methods. A system now in usein the North Sea provides concrete examples.
DISTRIBUTION OF ACID AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN UNDEMINERALIZED SECTIONS OF THE RAT TIBIAL DIAPHYSIS (1969)

The distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the rat tibia has been studied in transverse sections sawed from fresh undemineralized diaphyses. The endosteal resorbing surfaces had the highest acid phosphatase activity as demonstrated with 50 mM α-naphthol phosphate as the substrate. Strong activity was present not only in osteoclasts and adjacent osteocytes but extracellularly lining Howship's lacunae. In areas of bone formation, moderate acid phosphatase activity was present in osteoblasts and young osteocytes. In addition, a zone of activity was found at the mineralizing front where mineralization is initiated. This active zone ( a) was separated from the active periosteal cell layer by a zone of inactive osteoid and ( b) in formol-calcium-fixed demineralized sections extended into young bone. The identity of the mineralizing front was confirmed by tetracycline labeling. The activity at the mineralizing front had the properties of an enzyme. Alkaline phosphatase activity demonstrated with naphthol ASTR phosphate was largely associated with the osteoblasts and other mesenchymal cells at forming surfaces.
Comparative analysis of embryonic gene expression defines potential interaction sites forXenopus EphB4 receptors with ephrin-B ligands (1999)

The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, act as signaling molecules regulating the migratory behavior of neurons and neural crest cells, and are implicated in tissue patterning, blood vessel formation, and tumorigenesis. On the basis of structural similarities and overlapping binding specificities, Eph receptors as well as their ligands can be divided into A and B subfamilies with orthologues found in all vertebrates. We describe here the isolation of cDNAs encoding Xenopus EphB4 receptors and show that embryonic expression is prominently associated with the developing vasculature, newly forming somites, the visceral arches, and non-neuronal tissues of the embryonic head. In a screen to identify potential ligands for EphB4 in Xenopus embryos, we isolated cDNAs for the Xenopus ephrin-B2 and -B3, which demonstrates that the Xenopus genome harbors genes encoding orthologues to all three currently known mammalian ephrin-B genes. We next performed in situ hybridizations to identify tissues and organs where EphB4 receptors may encounter ephrin-B ligands during embryonic development. Our analysis revealed distinct, but overlapping patterns of ephrin-B gene expression. Interestingly, each ephrin-B ligand displayed expression domains either adjacent to or within EphB4-expressing tissues. These findings indicate that EphB4 receptors may interact in vivo with multiple B-class ephrins. The expression patterns also suggest that EphB4 receptors and their ligands may be involved in visceral arch formation, somitogenesis, and blood vessel development.
A practical method for rearing Argentine stem weevil,<i>Listronotus bonariensis</i>(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the laboratory (1990)

A method for continuously rearing disease-free Argentine stem weevils in the laboratory is described.
A perspective for biomedical data integration: Design of databases for flow cytometry (2008)

It is evident that using single-file data storage standards for the design of databases without any structural transformations significantly limits the flexibility of databases. Analysis of the requirements of a specific domain for integration and massive data processing can provide the necessary schema modifications that will unlock the additional functionality of a relational database.