gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology Considerations for the Use of Multiple Beam Antenna Systems in Communication Satellites (1979)

The general usage of multibeam antennas in satellite communication system is reviewed, and design constraints for a six-beam reconfigurable satellite antenna system are considered. These show that losses in the variable beam-forming network (BFN) Iimit performance achievable with a conventional common-power-amplifier/receiver system. An alternative design for an active BFN is presented, and relative performance predicted at 4/6, 11/14, and 20/30 GHz.
Oxidative copolymerization of 2-pyridylamine and aniline (2000)

A series of copolymers were easily synthesized via the chemical oxidative polymerization of 2-pyridylamine (2PA) and aniline (AN) in an acidic aqueous medium. The yield, intrinsic viscosity, and solubility of the copolymers were studied through changes in the 2PA/AN molar ratio, polymerization temperature, oxidant, oxidant/monomer molar ratio, and polymerization medium. The resulting 2PA/AN copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric techniques. The results showed that the oxidative copolymerization from 2PA and AN was exothermic. The resultant copolymers were amorphous and exhibited enhanced solubility in comparison with polyaniline. The 2PA/AN copolymers showed the highest decomposition temperature (530 °C), the slowest maximum-weight-loss rate (1.2 %/min), the largest char yield (45 wt %), and the greatest degradation activation energy (65 kJ/mol) in nitrogen. The thermostability of the copolymers was generally higher in nitrogen than in air. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4407–4418, 2000
The evolution of appraisal (2010)

This second edition of the Posters' highly successful guide to teacher appraisal has been substantially updated to include the definitive Department For Education (DFE) regulations and guidelines which have appeared since the publication of the first edition. The book includes two completely new chapters, on the new regulations as they affect grant-maintained schools and on developments in Northern Ireland and Scotland. The authors have orientated their work much more to schools, providing updated versions of their valuable training materials for school-based INSET, group work and self-study. This second edition also includes research evidence from trials of headteachers' appraisal.
Antagonistic modulatory roles of magnesium and calcium on release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and smooth muscle tone. (1990)

The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms associated with the reciprocal relation between magnesium and calcium on vascular smooth muscle tone in bovine pulmonary artery and vein. Rapid removal of magnesium from Krebs-bicarbonate medium used to bathe isolated rings of precontracted artery or vein caused transient endothelium- and calcium-dependent relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation. Both responses were antagonized by oxyhemoglobin, methylene blue, or superoxide anion and were enhanced by superoxide dismutase. The transient relaxation was followed by sustained endothelium-independent contraction. Endothelium-denuded vascular rings contracted in response to extracellular magnesium depletion without alteration in cyclic GMP levels. The data suggest that vascular endothelium-derived nitric oxide is responsible for the calcium-dependent relaxation elicited by extracellular magnesium depletion. Indeed, in bioassay cascade studies, magnesium removal from the medium used to perfuse intact artery or vein enhanced the formation and/or release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor by calcium-dependent mechanisms. In the absence of both extracellular magnesium and calcium, calcium readdition caused transient endothelium-dependent relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation, and both responses were abolished by oxyhemoglobin or methylene blue. In the presence of magnesium, however, readdition of calcium to calcium-depleted medium caused only contractile responses. Addition of magnesium to calcium-containing medium consistently caused endothelium- and cyclic GMP-independent relaxation that was not altered by oxyhemoglobin or methylene blue. Thus, magnesium and calcium elicit reciprocal or mutually antagonistic effects at the levels of both endothelium-derived relaxing factor formation and/or release and smooth muscle contraction. This relation may be of physiological importance, and the possibility that a reduction in circulating magnesium levels could lead to calcium-mediated vasospasm may be of pathophysiological concern.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157 (1997)

Identification of the O157 antigen is an essential part of the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, which is recognized as a major etiologic agent of hemorrhagic colitis. However, polyclonal antibodies produced against E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may react with several other bacteria including Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Yersinia enterocolitica O9, Escherichia hermannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. We produced eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the LPS of E. coli O157. Western blots (immunoblots) of both the phenol phase (smooth) and the aqueous phase (rough) of hot phenol-water-purified LPS indicated that three of the MAbs were specific for the O antigen and five were reactive with the LPS core. The eight MAbs could be further differentiated by their reactivities to Salmonella O30 LPS (group N), which is reported to be identical to the E. coli O157 antigen. All eight MAbs reacted strongly to all of the 64 strains of E. coli O157 tested, which included 47 isolates of O157:H7 and 17 other O157 strains. None of the eight MAbs cross-reacted with any of the 38 other E. coli serotypes tested, which consisted of 29 different O-antigen serotypes, or with 38 strains (22 genera) of non-E. coli gram-negative enteric bacteria.
Desmosomes: adhesive strength and signalling in health and disease (2010)

Desmosomes are intercellular junctions whose primary function is strong intercellular adhesion, known as hyperadhesion. In the present review, we discuss how their structure appears to support this function as well as how they are assembled and down-regulated. Desmosomal components also have signalling functions that are important in tissue development and remodelling. Their adhesive and signalling functions are both compromised in genetic and autoimmune diseases that affect the heart, skin and mucous membranes. We conclude that much work is required on structure-function relationships within desmosomes in vivo and on how they participate in signalling processes to enhance our knowledge of tissue homoeostasis and human disease.
Coupling DSM-based parallel applications (2002)

When coupling applications running on distributed memory architectures or clusters, the coupling library must adapt to the distribution of the data in the memory of each computation node. The library must be prepared to redistribute the data when the coupled applications use different data mappings or when the number of processors of the two architectures are different. Mome is a user-level software DSM which allows programs running on a distributed memory architecture or cluster to create segments and to share data objects through memory mapping. The segments of the DSM form a simple linear address space where all shared objects of applications are allocated. The Mome coupling library accesses the data through mappings of the DSM segments on the memories of the communication thread. The parallel communication threads are distributed on the computation nodes and exploit the communication capacity of each processor.
Layout Decomposition with Pairwise Coloring and Adaptive Multi-Start for Triple Patterning Lithography (2015)

In this article we present a pairwise coloring (PWC) approach to tackle the layout decomposition problem for triple patterning lithography (TPL). The main idea is to reduce the problem to a set of bi-coloring problems. The overall solution is refined by applying a bi-coloring method for pairs of color sets per pass. One obvious advantage of this method is that the existing double patterning lithography (DPL) techniques can be reused effortlessly. Moreover, we observe that each pass can be fulfilled efficiently by integrating an SPQR-tree-graph-division-based bi-coloring method. In addition, to prevent the solution getting stuck in the local minima, an adaptive multi-start (AMS) approach is incorporated. Adaptive starting points are generated according to the vote of previous solutions. The experimental results show that our method is competitive with other works on both solution quality and runtime performance.
Evolution of the SEED technology: bistable logic gates to optoelectronic smart pixels (1993)

The recent evolution of quantum-well self-electrooptic effect devices (SEEDs) for application in free-space optical switching and computing systems is reviewed. Requirements of these systems have stimulated the development of devices usable in large systems of cascaded devices (the symmetric SEED), large two-dimensional arrays of these devices with improved physical performance, logically smarter extensions of these devices (logic-SEEDs), and devices integrating electronic transistors with quantum-well modulators and detectors for both reducing the required optical energies and increasing functionality. This progress and its implications for future developments are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Short wavelength emission of AlGaInP quantum dots grown on GaP substrate (2011)

We report on the growth of AlGaInP quantum dots (QDs) with Al contents between 0% and 10% on GaP substrate by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy and the investigation of their morphological and low temperature photoluminescence properties. These high areal density QDs show short wavelength emission between 575 and 612 nm depending on their composition. The authors interpret the QD emission as originating from indirect type-II transitions. This interpretation is supported by a single-band effective-mass model, which allows us to describe the role of differing barrier composition in the QD emission. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements are performed and discussed with respect to the calculations.
Fungitoxic Activity Against Phytopathogenic Fungi and the Chemical Composition of Thymus zygis Essential Oils (2007)

The yield, chemical composition, and antifungal properties of essential oils from six populations of Thymus zygis Loefl. ex L. were studied. Phytopathogenic fungi Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed a clear inhibition in the poisoned food test. Inhibition is tested by EC 50 . This activity indicator ranges from 86 ppm in the most active oils to 577 ppm. Among the identified components of the oils, 3-octanol and α-terpinene had the highest correlation with the antifungal activity. Yield, antifungal activity, and plant morphology, led to the selection of the population T. zygis ssp. gracilis harvested at flowering stage as most suitable for potential agronomical use.
An Intramolecular Rearrangement of 1-Arylazetidin-2-ones in an Acidic Solution (1976)

IN AN ACIDIC SOLUTIONSeveral kinds of 1-arylazetidin-2-ones were treated with trifluoroacetic acid to give 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin- 4.-ones.In the case of 1-arylazetidin-2-ones possessing a substituent at the >-position, the rearrangement occurred at both -and para-positions to the substituent located at the 3-position.
Reasons for admission to hospital for Parkinson’s disease (2006)

The management of Parkinson's disease (PD) tends to focus on the presenting motor syndrome; yet, in the long term, nonmotor complications of the illness and complications of treatment become increasingly troublesome. The aims of this study were to review the reasons for 761 hospital admissions for patients with a diagnosis of PD and to determine the cause of hospitalization. Only 15% were admitted for primary management of the motor syndrome. PD was the secondary diagnosis in 645 admissions. Of the latter, 39% were admitted because of falls leading to fracture, pneumonia, encephalopathy or dementia and hypotension with syncope. Cardiac and gastrointestinal diseases accounted for a further 22% of admissions. Complications of the later stages of PD and associated treatments are more likely to lead to hospital admission than management of the primary motor syndrome. Some of the emergency hospital admissions for PD may be potentially avoidable with better planning of management in the outpatient and community setting.
ECG image representation of normal sinus rythm (2014)

This paper deals with a new image representation for ECG signal. The method consists in decomposing the ECG signal in beats. The ECG segmentation is based on the time location of the peak R of the QRS complex. A matrix parameterized by QRS rank comprises the signal tranches around this time reference. The matrix forms an image that illustrates the ECG signal characteristics to replace the long ECG record signal. This representation is very useful for diagnosis in both normal and heart diseases cases. The different ECG records are given from the Arrhythmias database. In this work, we focus on the normal sinus rhythm to show the performances of this representation.
Sensitive bolometers using high-<i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconducting thermometers for wavelengths 20–300 μm (1993)

Two types of sensitive high-Tc bolometer have been fabricated on 20-μm-thick sapphire substrates with YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film transition edge thermometers. The sensitivity of both devices is superior to commercially available, room temperature pyroelectric detectors. A 1×1 mm bolometer with a radiation absorber of gold black smoke has a noise equivalent power NEP=2.4×10−11 W/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz and has useful sensitivity over wavelengths 20–100 μm. A 3×3 mm bolometer with a Bi film radiation absorber has NEP=3.6×10−10 W/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz and has useful sensitivity over wavelengths 100–300 μm. Water vapor transmittance spectra were measured to demonstrate the sensitivity of both devices.
Some electronic switching circuits (1938)

SWITCHING usually is considered as the physical opening or closing of metallic circuits as, for example, where a circuit breaker or a knife switch is put in motion mechanically to break or make connections between conductors leading to a circuit or device. However, switching may be performed in other ways, as by changing the operating potentials from one polarity or magnitude to another polarity or another magnitude. For example, a control voltage on an amplifier tube may be altered to change the circuit from a nonamplifying to an amplifying condition. The making of circuits operative or inoperative by a change in polarity or magnitude, or both, as performed by means of an electronic device is called “electronic switching.” No moving parts are involved and the control may be much faster and more economical than control by mechanically operated devices. If two circuits or devices are controlled by an electronic switch, it is called a two-circuit electronic switch. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> In the same way, if three, four, or five circuits are controlled, the electronic switch is called a three-, four-, or five-circuit electronic switch.
Lipid lowering agents are associated with a slower cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (2005)

LLAs may slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and have a neuroprotective effect. This should be confirmed by placebo controlled randomised trials in patients with Alzheimer's disease and no dyslipaemia.
Measuring Vital Signs Using Smart Phones (2010)

Smart phones today have become increasingly popular with the general public for its diverse abilities like navigation, social networking, and multimedia facilities to name a few. These phones are equipped with high end processors, high resolution cameras, built-in sensors like accelerometer, orientation-sensor, light-sensor, and much more. According to comScore survey, 25.3% of US adults use smart phones in their daily lives. Motivated by the capability of smart phones and their extensive usage, I focused on utilizing them for bio-medical applications. In this thesis, I present a new application for a smart phone to quantify the vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure with the help of its built-in sensors. Using the camera and a microphone, I have shown how the blood pressure and heart rate can be determined for a subject. People sometimes encounter minor situations like fainting or fatal accidents like car crash at unexpected times and places. It would be useful to have a device which can measure all vital signs in such an event. The second part of this thesis demonstrates a new mode of communication for next generation 9-1-1 calls. In this new architecture, the call-taker will be able to control the multimedia elements in the phone from a remote location. This would help the call-taker or first responder to have a better control over the situation. Transmission of the vital signs measured using the smart phone can be a life saver in critical situations. In today's voice oriented 9-1-1 calls, the dispatcher first collects critical information (e.g., location, call-back number) from caller, and assesses the situation. Meanwhile, the dispatchers constantly face a "60-second dilemma"; i.e., within 60 seconds, they need to make a complicated but important decision, whether to dispatch and, if so, what to dispatch. The dispatchers often feel that they lack sufficient information to make a confident dispatch decision. This remote-media-control described in this system will be able to facilitate information acquisition and decision-making in emergency situations within the 60-second response window in 9-1-1 calls using new multimedia technologies.
A novel manufacturing process for fabricating CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells (2000)

There are several production disadvantages inherent in conventional SnO{sub 2}/CdS/CdTe manufacturing processes. In this paper, the authors report a novel manufacturing process for fabricating polycrystalline Cd{sub 2}SnO{sub 4}/Zn{sub 2}SnO{sub 4}/CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells that yielded a CdS/CdTe device with an NREL-confirmed efficiency of 14.0%. This process addresses undesirable manufacturing issues such as time-consuming and expensive heat-up and cool-down processes and generation of large amounts of liquid waste. CdTe cells prepared by this process have good performance, good uniformity, acceptable device stability, and excellent reproducibility.
Chemistry, chances and limitations of the radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals for the synthesis of degradable polyesters (2010)

This article highlights the progress in the field of radical ring-opening polymerization (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals for the synthesis of functionalised polyesters, (bio)degradable vinyl polymers, and speciality designed degradable polymers. The method of radical ring-opening polymerization offers the advantage in either making special functional polyesters which are not possible by conventional methods or for making polyesters for special applications where low volume shrinkage is of utmost importance. Furthermore, the beauty of radical ring-opening polymerization is in making a new class of degradable materials called poly(vinyl-co-ester)s. Having ester linkages distributed onto the vinyl polymer backbone is emphasised, no other method can combine vinyl polymer backbone with ester units in a random way. The method has opened new opportunities of using the known biomaterials for degradable applications. Other possibilities and challenges in using this method are making specialised degradable materials like ionomers and polymeric-inorganic hybrid materials, which are also discussed in detail.
A debugger for distributed programs (1994)

Abstract Developing a distributed debugger is much more complex than developing a sequential debugger. This added complexity is mainly due to the non‐determinism of events that communication delays introduce into distributed systems. We explore the problems that one must address when designing a distributed program debugger and then describe our design and implementation of DPD (distributed program debugger). Problems addressed include non‐determinism of events, finding consistent system states, setting breakpoints, recording events, and checkpointing. Important features of DPD include dynamic roll back and replay, as well as a graphical user interface. DPD has been tested successfully in debugging distributed programs within a distributed facility called REM (remote execution manager).
Sexual Harassment Proscriptive Polices of the European Community, Ireland, and New Zealand (1997)

Although the international community is rich with diversity,' the blight of sexual harassment is one of its lasting commonalities. 2 Sexual harassment exists in all societies and in all social classes," pervading work environments in the United States and abroad. 4The international community, however, has made and continues to make legislative strides to eradicate sexual harassment in the workplace. 5 Though sexual harassment has long existed, only in recent years has the international community begun to address it. 6"Fifteen years
Interedge Interaction in the Quantum Hall Effect (1995)

We consider the effects of the interaction between electrons drifting along the opposite sides of a narrow sample under the conditions of the quantum Hall effect. A spatial variation of this interaction leads to backward scattering of collective excitations propagating along the edges. Experiments on propagation of the edge modes in samples with constrictions may give information about the strength of the interedge electron interaction in the quantum Hall regime.
Tyrosinase exacerbates dopamine toxicity but is not genetically associated with Parkinson's disease (2005)

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of melanin in skin and hair and has also been proposed to contribute to the formation of neuromelanin (NM). The presence of NM, which is biochemically similar to melanin in peripheral tissues, identifies groups of neurons susceptible in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether tyrosinase is beneficial or detrimental to neurons is unclear; whilst the enzyme activity of tyrosinase generates dopamine-quinones and other oxidizing compounds, NM may form a sink for such radical species. In the present study, we demonstrated that tyrosinase is expressed at low levels in the human brain. We found that mRNA, protein and enzyme activity are all present but at barely detectable levels. In cell culture systems, expression of tyrosinase increases neuronal susceptibility to oxidizing conditions, including dopamine itself. We related these in vitro observations to the human disease by assessing whether there was any genetic association between the gene encoding tyrosinase and idiopathic PD. We found neither genotypic or haplotypic association with three polymorphic markers of the gene. This argues against a strong genetic association between tyrosinase and PD, although the observed contribution to cellular toxicity suggests that a biochemical association is likely.
The Language of biotechnology: a dictionary of terms (1989)

Expanded and updated! A single easy-to-use reference of specialized terms in the various areas of biotechnology, including agriculture, biochemistry, bioengineering, pharmaceutical chemistry, and environmental chemistry. Arranged in dictionary format for easy look-up, entries include short definitions as well as expanded definitions that explain the usage of each word with examples. If you're a scientist involved in any area of biotechnology, you'll find this book an essential reference.