gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide fusion inhibitors targeting the HIV-1 gp41: a patent review (2009 – 2014) (2014)

To improve enfuvirtide's anti-HIV efficacy, drug-resistance profile, half-life and pharmaceutical properties, the best approaches include the addition of the pocket-binding domain (PBD) to the N-terminus of T20 and linking of the M-T hook to the N-terminus of PBD, as well as conjugation of cholesterol, serum albumin-binding motif or gp120-binding fragment with a PBD-containing C-terminal heptad repeat-peptide. Therefore, sifuvirtide from Tianjin FusoGen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., albuvirtide from Frontier Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., cholesterol-conjugated HIV fusion inhibitor from the Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 2DLT, a bivalent HIV fusion inhibitor/inactivator, and an enfuvirtide/sifuvirtide combination regimen from the New York Blood Center may all have potential as next-generation HIV fusion inhibitors targeting gp41 for clinical use.
Software-defined massive multicore networking via freespace optical interconnect (2013)

This paper presents a new frontier where future computer systems can continue to evolve as CMOS technology reaches its fundamental performance and density scaling limits. Our idea adopts freespace circuit-switched optical interconnect in massive multicore networking on chips and modules to flexibly configure private cache-coherent networks for allocated groups of cores in a software-defined manner. The proposed scheme can avoid networking inefficiencies due to the core resource fragmentation by providing deterministically lower latencies and higher bandwidth while advancing the technology roadmap with lower power consumption and improved cooling. We also discuss implementation plan and challenges for our proposal.
Likelihood of D heterozygosity in Mestizo Mexicans and Mexican Americans (2001)

Information on the gene frequencies of the Rh system in the Mexican or Mexican American population is currently not available in the medical literature, thus hindering management of pregnancies at risk for development of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Data from four recent large studies in the broader scientific literature of Mestizo Mexicans and Mexican Americans is reviewed. Gene frequencies are calculated from the pooled data. A table of gene frequencies in the Caucasian and African American population is provided for comparison.
Video <i>Manga</i> (1999)

This paper presents methods for automatically creating pictorial video summaries that resemble comic books. The relative importance of video segments is computed from their length and novelty. Image and audio analysis is used to automatically detect and emphasize meaningful events. Based on this importance measure, we choose relevant keyframes. Selected keyframes are sized by importance, and then efficiently packed into a pictorial summary. We present a quantitative measure of how well a summary captures the salient events in a video, and show how it can be used to improve our summaries. The result is a compact and visually pleasing summary that captures semantically important events, and is suitable for printing or Web access. Such a summary can be further enhanced by including text captions derived from OCR or other methods. We describe how the automatically generated summaries are used to simplify access to a large collection of videos.
Synthese von substituierten 2‐Aminonicotinonitrilen (1994)

Abstract Mono‐, di‐ und trisubstituierte 2‐Aminonicotinonitrile vom Typ 8, 13, 14 und 19 lassen sich aus Keton‐ Mannich ‐Basen Hydrochloriden 4 · HCl , Enonen 12 , β‐Aminovinylketonen 17 , 3‐Aminoacrolein‐Derivaten 18 sowie Vinamidinium Perchloraten 21 und in situ erzeugtem 3,3‐Diamino‐acrylnitril ( 3 ) herstellen. Die Reaktion von 4 · HCl mit 3 in Gegenwart von Ammoniumacetat führt hingegen in einer 2:1 Kondensation zu Tetrahydro‐1,8‐naphthyridinen 10 .
Development of encorafenib for BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma (2017)

Combination therapy with BRAF and MEKi has evolved as a standard of care in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BRAF-mutated melanoma. Despite compelling initial RRs, development of treatment resistance eventually leads to tumor progression in the majority of BRAF/MEK-inhibitor treated patients. Moreover, treatment-related adverse events are frequent, resulting in a substantial proportion of dose modifications and/or treatment discontinuations. The second-generation BRAF inhibitor encorafenib has been developed aiming at improved efficacy and tolerability through modifications in pharmacological properties. Clinical phase 3 data show improved progression-free survival both for encorafenib monotherapy and combination therapy with binimetinib compared with vemurafenib. Overall survival data and regulatory approval of this novel substance are eagerly awaited.
Resolution of Allergic Inflammation and Airway Hyperreactivity Is Dependent upon Disruption of the T1/ST2–IL-33 Pathway (2009)

We have used blockade of Th2 function and strain differences to show for the first time that resolution of allergic inflammation and AHR may be dependent on the T1/ST2-IL-33 pathway and the presence of Th2 cells, suggesting they are necessary not only for the development of an allergic response but also for its maintenance.
[Albumin therapy for patients with increased intracranial pressure: oncotic therapy]. (1983)

Albumin plays an important role in maintaining an adequate plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP). On the basis of the Starling's law, we postulated that elevation of plasma COP produced by infusion of serum albumin would result in the withdrawal of cerebral interstitial fluid. To test the hypothesis that an oncotic gradient would produce cerebral dehydration and result in reduction of intracranial pressure (ICP), we infused intravenously 25% solution of salt-poor human serum albumin, 2g/kg over 60 minutes for 10 patients with increased ICP. In these 10 patients, the degree of brain edema was not severe but mild to moderate by judging from CT scan findings. In addition to ICP, various parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulse rate, PaCO2 and urine volume were measured before, during and after albumin infusion. Hematological studies including COP, total protein, albumin-globulin ratio, protein fractions, hematocrit (Ht), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and electrolytes were also performed before, during and after administration of albumin. The raised ICP (27.4 +/- S.E. 1.6 mmHg) decreased significantly down to 19.1 (+/- 1.9) mmHg and remained stable for at least 240 minutes without any changes of MABP, pulse rate and PaCO2. CVP elevated significantly and remained at higher levels in comparison with control despite increase of urine output after administration of albumin. This results suggested that an adequate circulatory volume was maintained. A significant increase of total protein, serum albumin concentrations and albumin-globulin ratio was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mutations in the <i>hrp48</i> Gene, Which Encodes a <i>Drosophila</i> Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Particle Protein, Cause Lethality and Developmental Defects and Affect P-Element Third-Intron Splicing In Vivo (1997)

The Drosophila melanogaster hnRNP protein, hrp48, is an abundant heterogeneous nuclear RNA-associated protein. Previous biochemical studies have implicated hrp48 as a component of a ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the regulation of the tissue-specific alternative splicing of the P-element third intron (IVS3). We have taken a genetic approach to analyzing the role of hrp48. Mutations in the hrp48 gene were identified and characterized. hrp48 is an essential gene. Hypomorphic mutations which reduce the level of hrp48 protein display developmental defects, including reduced numbers of ommatidia in the eye and morphological bristle abnormalities. Using a P-element third-intron reporter transgene, we found that reduced levels of hrp48 partially relieve IVS3 splicing inhibition in somatic cells. This is the first direct evidence that hrp48 plays a functional role in IVS3 splicing inhibition.
The Metabolic Background for Peripheral Nerve Surgery (1969)

HE proper time to repair a severed peripheral nerve continues to be debated. The response to traumatic nerve sectioning and the recovery after a neurorrhaphy varies greatly from nerve to nerve and with different levels of the same nerve. Earlier guidelines have now become clouded. Some recent textbooks and articles avoid any explicit instructions concerning the timing of a repair; ~ others advocate immediate repair; 1~7,27,41,47,52 still others hold out for a short 2 to 3 week delay; 12,36,5~,59,71,73 and, finally, some state it makes no difference? ~ The policy within the medical service of the Army has been that nerve suture should be done as soon as possible after a short waiting period of 2 to 3 weeks. This conclusion is based on articles written after World War II, which were concerned mostly with allowing peripheral demarcation of a war wound, and which were clinically supported by evaluation of motor return of function) a,54,56,71,72 Delays beyond the initial 19 to 21 day waiting period were accompanied by a 1% reduction in motor recovery for every 6 days of postponement of the definitive neurorrhaphy. 72 For the moderate size nerves such as the median, ulnar, radial, peroneal, and tibial, these guidelines hold true. For large nerve trunks, such as the sciatic nerve or brachial plexus, regardless of the timing of a repair, the outlook remains poor. For the smaller digital nerves, any delay appears unnecessary, and the progno
Steric exclusion chromatography of nanometer-sized gold particles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric exclusion chromatography of nanometer-sized gold particlesT. Siebrands, M. Giersig, P. Mulvaney, and C. H. FischerCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 9, 2297–2300Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00033a009https://doi.org/10.1021/la00033a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views752Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
En las tramas del McJob: descualificación laboral y riesgos de vulnerabilidad social para los trabajadores de "fast food" (2003)

En el escenario metropolitano del primer mundo, occidental, tecnológicamente\navanzado e “hiperconsumista” se han desarrollado ocupaciones especializadas (que\ncaracterizan la llamada Sociedad de la Información), de rango intelectual y creativo que se inscriben en el contexto productivo post-industrial y globalizado de la 'new economy'. Pero también existen muchos trabajos de perfil bajo y socialmente marginales tanto por lo que\nconcierne a sus características profesionales, como por la retribución y las tutelas sindicales al punto de ser calificados como “prototipos de cualquier forma de trabajo explotado e infravalorado”: se trata de los así llamados McJobs [Beck 2000]. Este término engloba todos aquellos trabajos que todavía están anclados en modalidades productivas de matriz neotaylorista, con implicaciones organizativas de estructuras empresariales piramidales, formalmente constituidas por prácticas operativas comunicativas, de gestión y de decisión de cumplimiento obligado, es decir científicamente moduladas y mecánicamente ejecutadas. Nuestro ámbito de análisis son las empresas que operan en el sector terciario de los\nservicios al público que producen a gran escala y que se han expandido a nivel internacional, sobre todo mediante el sistema de franquicias. Se caracterizan por su propia marca (brand) popularmente reconocida por ser fácilmente repetible y accesible para los consumidores, además de la previsible estandardización de los productos comercializados.
High-Temperature Dielectric Properties of Aluminum Nitride Ceramic for Wireless Passive Sensing Applications (2015)

The accurate characterization of the temperature-dependent permittivity of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic is quite critical to the application of wireless passive sensors for harsh environments. Since the change of the temperature-dependent permittivity will vary the ceramic-based capacitance, which can be converted into the change of the resonant frequency, an LC resonator, based on AlN ceramic, is prepared by the thick film technology. The dielectric properties of AlN ceramic are measured by the wireless coupling method, and discussed within the temperature range of 12 °C (room temperature) to 600 °C. The results show that the extracted relative permittivity of ceramic at room temperature is 2.3% higher than the nominal value of 9, and increases from 9.21 to 10.79, and the quality factor Q is decreased from 29.77 at room temperature to 3.61 at 600 °C within the temperature range.
Modelling robustness of critical infrastructure networks (2015)

Critical infrastructure networks are becoming increasingly interdependent. An attack or disaster in a network or on a single node in a network will affect the other networks dependent on it. Therefore, it is important to assess and understand the vulnerability of interdependent networks in the presence of natural disasters and malicious attacks that lead to cascading failures. We develop a framework to analyse the robustness of interdependent networks. Nodes and links in the interdependent networks are attacked based on the graph centrality metrics. We apply our framework on critical infrastructure network data. Our results indicate that the importance of critical infrastructure varies depending on the attack strategy.
Agarwood Inducement Technology: A Method for Producing Oil Grade Agarwood in Cultivated Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk (2015)

Agarwood is the fragrant resin impregnated wood derived from the wounded Aquilaria trees. Agarwood is priceless due to its oleoresin content. Under natural conditions, oleoresin can only be produced by natural wounding such as injury by lightning or wounding by animals. However, the natural process of oleoresin accumulation is a time consuming process. The concept of plantations for Aquilaria trees in combination with artificial agarwood inducement methods serves as an alternative way to supply agarwood and conserve the wild Aquilaria stock. Our study evaluated a novel technique for producing oil grade agarwood in cultivated Aquilaria trees. Aquilaria malaccensis was used for the agarwood inducement study. For A. malaccensis trees treated with this inducement technique, resin was formed and spread throughout the xylem cell from the transfusion point in the trunk. Agarwood yield per tree reached approximately 3-4 kg. Furthermore, the agarwood derived from the induction was found to have a similar quality to the wild agarwood. This indicates that this inducement technology may have commercial potential. Inducement of cultivated agarwood by using this method could satisfy the significant demand for agarwood, while conserving and protecting the remaining wild Aquilaria trees. Keywords: Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk., inducement technology, resin formation  ABSTRAK Gaharu ialah kayu wangian beresin yang berasal dari pokok Aquilaria (Karas) iaitu akibat daripada kecederaan. Nilai kayu gaharu amat tinggi disebabkan oleh kandungan resinnya. Dalam keadaan semulajadi, oleoresin hanya akan dihasilkan melalui kecederaan semula jadi seperti kilat atau haiwan. Tambahan pula, proses pengumpulan semula jadi resin adalah satu proses yang sangat memakan masa. Konsep perladangan pokok karas dengan kombinasi kaedah inokulasi gaharu buatan adalah bertindak sebagai satu cara alternatif untuk membekalkan sumber kayu gaharu dan memulihara stok Aquilaria liar. Kajian kami bertujuan untuk menilai satu teknik baru untuk menghasilkan kayu gaharu bergred minyak di dalam pokok karas di ladang. Aquilaria malaccensis telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Bagi pokok Aquilaria malaccensis yang dirawat dengan teknik inokulasi ini, resin gaharu adalah terbentuk dan tersebar melalui sel xilemnya dari titik inokulasi dalam batang. Hasil kayu gaharu yang terbentuk bagi setiap pokok adalah dalam anggaran 3-4 kg. Tambahan pula, resin gaharu yang diperolehi dari inokulasi ini mempunyai kualiti yang sama dengan kayu gaharu liar. Ini menunjukkan teknologi inokulasi ini mempunyai potensi dagangan yang tinggi. Teknologi inokulasi gaharu ini dapat memenuhi permintaan kayu gaharu yang tinggi dalam pasaran, di samping dapat memulihara dan melindungi pokok karas liar. Kata kunci: Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk., teknologi inokulasi, pembentukan resin
Automated system for preventing accidents with open-pit transport (2016)

The article analyzes some of the existing technical means of providing vehicle operation safety and specifically mentions the periscopic system Krugozor and an antilock braking system. It proves their law efficiency at serpentine roads of open pits. A new system for preventing accidents with open-pit motor transport is proposed as a supplement of the antilock braking systems. It includes technical and electronic parts. The technical components include two pneumatically driven rotating poles mounted on a vehicle's sides. Laser range finders are fixed at the ends of the poles, perpendicular to them. Electronic parts consist of rotation controls to turn the poles to their vertical or horizontal positions and threshold master controls to set up the trigger level of the range finders depending on the position of the poles. With this system installed, the driver sets it up prior to the usage by turning its commutation switch of the angle-code type to one of its four positions depending on the type of the road ahead: wall to the right - slope to the left, slope to the right - wall to the left, walls to the right and to the left, slopes to the right and to the left. When the vehicle moves dangerously close to a slope or a wall, the system alarms the driver and sends the switch-on command to the antilock braking system, thus improving vehicle operation safety.
Breeding for Profit : an Introduction to Selection Index Concepts (1997)

The selection problem, that of choosing which individuals become parents, is inherent in all of beef production. This problem almost invariably involves evaluating animals on more than one trait and making compromises among traits to arrive at a final evaluation of each candidate for selection. In a capitalist society, profitability seems a logical unit of expression for that final evaluation. It is certainly the basis of evaluation intended in the original development of selection index in the animal sciences (Hazel and Lush, 1942; Hazel, 1943). Thus, a desire on the part of producers to maximize profitability is assumed throughout this presentation. Profitability implies a buy-sell transaction takes place and thus seemingly suggests that it is maximized by producing the product of greatest value to the customer at least cost. These changes in profitability are usually referred to as relative economic values. It is the relative economic values which provide direction to the selection program. The knowledge that most genetic improvement is made by seedstock breeders and recognition of consumers as implicit customers (commercial producers, feedlot operators and etc. are intermediaries) has led to the philosophy that seedstock selection decisions be based on ultimate customer satisfaction. Said differently, seedstock selection decisions should be made in a way that maximizes profitability for the entire industry as though it were one vertically integrated production system. Existence of industry-wide specifications for beef product, such as those proposed as a result of the national beef quality audit (National Cattlemen's Beef Association, 1995), do not suggest that there should be industry-wide selection indexes. Resources available for production (classically: land, labor, capital, and management) and level of production vary among production units resulting in different economic structures. As a result, relative economic values will differ among production units and each may have a different selection index. It is unlikely that there will be a "one size fits all" solution to the problem of selecting breeding stock to maximize profit.
Biocatalytic Fabrication of Fast-Degradable, Water-Soluble Polycarbonate Functionalized with Tertiary Amine Groups in Backbone (2010)

Degradable polymers with specifically designed functionality have wide applications in biomedical fields. We reported herein the synthesis and characterization of a water-soluble and fast-degradable polycarbonate, functionalized with tertiary amine groups in the backbone. A novel cyclic carbonate monomer, namely, 6,14-dimethyl-1,3,9,11-tetraoxa-6,14-diaza-cyclohexadecane-2,10-dione (ADMC)(2), was synthesized and polymerized to provide the title polycarbonate [poly(ADMC)] via Novozym-435 lipase or tin(II) 2-ethylheaxanoate [Sn(Oct)(2)] catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Novozym-435 lipase exhibited high activity toward the ROP in terms of molecular weight (M(n)) and monomer conversion, whereas the attempt with Sn(Oct)(2) failed. In the presence of molecular sieves-4 Å, the highest M(n) value of 1.2 × 10(4) g/mol was obtained in toluene with an initial monomer concentration of 0.58 M at 75 °C in the presence of 10 wt % of Novozym-435 to the monomer. Parameters that influence the polymerization, including reaction temperature, enzyme concentration, monomer concentration, and solvent composition, were investigated systematically. The resultant data suggested "living" characteristics for this enzyme-catalyzed polymerization, and the "living" feature seemed independent of the lipase concentration. The polymerization conducted in mixed solvents (toluene/isooctane) showed that product M(n)s were heavily dependent on the solvent composition. Poly(ADMC) was demonstrated to be amorphous by DSC technique. The obtained poly(ADMC) was found to be soluble in most of the organic solvents and interestingly in H(2)O as well. In vitro hydrolytic degradation of poly(ADMC) as monitored by GPC indicated the degradation was a relatively fast process. HPLC-ESI/MS and (1)H NMR analyses demonstrated that N-methyl diethanolamine was the main product after degradation. Poly(ADMC) presented low cytotoxicity toward human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells and hepatoblastoma cells (Hep G2), as demonstrated by MTT assay.