gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restorative and Rejection-Associated Lymphangiogenesis After Renal Transplantation: Friend or Foe? (2009)

The review focuses on lymphangiogenesis as a possible contributor to interstitial fibrosis leading to chronic renal transplant injury, which culminates in the loss of 5% transplants annually. The process of lymphatic reconnection after renal transplantation and the mechanisms and mediators of lymphangiogenesis are explored in the context of new specific lymphatic markers. In addition, potentially exciting research avenues are examined, with the specific aim of determining whether new lymphatic formation is beneficial or detrimental to the transplanted kidney.
Towards narrative authentication (2013)

In this paper we propose that what-you-know authentication schemes be built using narrative elements. Specifically, we propose that stories be used as the basis of memory-based user authentication, rather than use a fixed string as the secret for authentication (as is the case with text passwords and PINs). The insight here is that secure text passwords are ``boring'' and, hence, are hard to remember. Narrative is, in contrast, extremely memorable, forming the basis of much of human communication. We present a simple, implementable scheme for narrative authentication using text adventures. We then also examine other strategies for generating and testing knowledge of narrative.
Blue continuously pumped upconversion lasing in Tm:YLiF4 (1992)

Blue upconversion laser operation in Tm:YLiF4 at 450.2 nm on the 1D2→3F4 transition, and at 483.0 nm on the 1G4→3H6 transition has been achieved using cw pumping with Ti Sapphire and DCM dye lasers. The 450.2-nm laser was excited by sequential two-photon absorption with 784.5-nm and 648-nm laser sources and was operated at temperatures up to 70 K. The 483.0-nm laser was pumped with a single red-dye laser using a wavelength resonant only with absorption from a metastable intermediate state but not with absorption from the ground state. With this avalanche absorption pumping scheme, 483.0-nm laser emission was observed up to 160 K.
Asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes catalysed by chiral (salen)TiIV complexes (1997)

The asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to a range of aldehydes is catalysed by the titanium(IV) complexes of chiral salen derivatives 3–6. The enantiomeric excess of the resulting cyanohydrins is predominantly dependent upon the structure of the aldehyde, with electron-rich aromatic aldehydes giving best results. Electron-deficient aromatic aldehydes give cyanohydrins with low enantiomeric excesses, whilst ketones fail to react.
A Sub-40ns Random-Access Chain FRAM Architecture with a 7ns Cell-Plate-Line Drive (1999)

A goal of non-volatile ferroelectric RAM is to realize a small die and high-speed read/write at low supply voltage. However, the cell size of the conventional 1T/1C FRAM is limited to 8F, where F means the minimum feature size. The access and cycle time are slower than DRAM due to driving a heavy plate-line[1]. The fast nondriven half-Vdd cell-plate scheme has been reported[2], but it requires refresh operation as DRAM [2]. The chain FRAM realizes 4F cell and fast operation using the half-Vdd cell-plate scheme without refresh [3]. The half-Vdd cell-plate scheme has an advantage of fast operation, however, it has a disadvantage of high Vdd minimum due to low voltage applied to the ferroelectric capacitor.
Method for modelling the potential sensed by a concentric multi-ring electrode set from a moving depolarization wave (2003)

A model is presented for simulating the potential sensed by a set of planar, concentric ring electrides with various radii and widths, caused by a simulated moving depolarization wavefront. The wavefront is represented by dipole elements which move in steps toward the electrode set. The results of this simulation are in qualitative agreement with previous in vivo and tank experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure-Function Analysis of Squirrel Monkey FK506-Binding Protein 51, a Potent Inhibitor of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity (2005)

FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) and FKBP52 are large molecular weight immunophilins that are part of the mature glucocorticoid receptor (GR) heterocomplex. These proteins possess peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) and tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) domains that are important for modulation of GR activity. A naturally occurring animal model of glucocorticoid resistance, the squirrel monkey, results from the relative overexpression of FKBP51 that renders the GR in a low-affinity state. In vitro studies demonstrated that the squirrel monkey form of FKBP51 is greater than 6-fold more potent than human FKBP51 in this respect. The goals of these studies were to determine the roles of the TPR and PPIase domains in the inhibitory activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51 and to gain insight into structural features of squirrel monkey FKBP51 responsible for potent inhibition of dexamethasone-stimulated GR activity. Mutations in the TPR of squirrel monkey FKBP51 that inhibit association with heat shock protein 90 blocked GR inhibitory activity. Mutations that abrogate the PPIase activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51 had no effect on GR inhibitory activity. Chimeras of squirrel monkey and human FKBP51 were tested to identify domains responsible for their different inhibitory potencies. Amino acid differences in domains FK1 and FK2 between squirrel monkey and human FKBP51 contribute equally to the enhanced inhibitory activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51. Furthermore, squirrel monkey FKBP51 in which either FK1 or FK2 was deleted lacked GR inhibitory activity. Thus, the potent inhibitory activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51 involves both FK domains and the heat shock protein 90-binding TPR domain.
Physical model of back line-contact front-junction solar cells (2013)

The analysis of advanced front-junction solar cells where the metal contact to the base region is locally formed on the back surface in the shape of lines usually requires numerical simulations. Here, we describe an approach based on a geometric formulation of carrier crowding towards the localized contact, in conjunction with a partition of the device in two distinct regions. This permits a one dimensional analysis of carrier flow, both in the region immediately adjacent to the contact and in the peripheral region surrounding it. The resulting model is simple enough to provide insight into the physics of device operation and reasonably accurate in cases of practical interest. By applying it to different cases, we identify unexpected anomalies and explain them in terms of the peculiar interplay between carrier transport and recombination that takes place in this type of solar cell.
Mutagenic Analysis and Localization of a Highly Conserved Epitope Near the Amino Terminal End of the Citrus Tristeza Closterovirus Capsid Protein (1995)

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3DF1 is the first commercially available citrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV)-specific MAb. It detects a broad spectrum of CTV isolates from various parts of the world. To precisely map the antigenic determinant recognized by 3DF1, the capsid protein (CP) genes of four 3DF1-nonreactive isolates were cloned as complementary DNA and their nucleotide sequences determined. Comparison of the deduced CP sequences of the four nonreactive isolates with those of previously sequenced 3DF1-reactive isolates revealed differences at three positions near their amino terminal ends. The amino acids Asp-2, Lys-13, and Phe-28 were conserved in all the 3DF1-reactive isolates, but they were replaced by Gly, Thr/Asp, and Tyr, respectively, in the CPs of the nonreactive isolates. Site-specific mutations were introduced into the cloned CP genes of the 3DF1-nonreactive isolate B215 and the 3DF1-reactive isolate T36. The serological reactivities of the wild-type and mutant CPs of B215 and T36 expressed as recombinant fusion proteins in Escherichia coli were evaluated by Western blot analysis. A point mutation (A-->G) resulting in an Asp-->Gly change at amino acid position 2 of the CP of isolate T36 abolished the reactivity with the MAb, whereas a reverse mutation resulting in a Gly-->Asp change at the same position conferred reactivity on the CP of the nonreactive B215 isolate. The implications of the observed antigenic diversity on virus detection are discussed.
Exercise-Induced Asthma (1999)

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a common condition that can impede physical activity, particularly for children, adolescents, and young adults. A detailed patient history can help the physician identify subtle EIA clues such as fatigue or poorer performance than training would predict. A careful physical exam can help rule out conditions that mimic EIA such as respiratory infections or cardiac conditions. Pulmonary function testing is often useful for assessing severity and establishing a baseline for assessing treatment efficacy. Treatment options include nonpharmacologic measures that address the exercise environment and warm-up routines. Several medication options and combinations can help patients avoid symptoms and participate fully in fitness and sports activities.
Antibacterial Properties and Major Bioactive Components of Cinnamon Stick (<i>Cinnamomum burmannii</i>):  Activity against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria (2007)

Cinnamomum burmannii Blume (cinnamon stick) from Indonesia is a little-investigated spice. In this study, the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon stick extract were evaluated against five common foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella anatum). Cinnamon stick extract exhibited significant antibacterial properties. Major compounds in cinnamon stick were tentatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC-MS) as a predominant volatile oil component ((E)-cinnamaldehyde) and several polyphenols (mainly proanthocyanidins and (epi)catechins). Both (E)-cinnamaldehyde and proanthocyanidins significantly contributed to the antibacterial properties. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe morphological changes of bacteria treated with the crude extract of cinnamon stick and its major components. This study suggests that cinnamon stick and its bioactive components have potential for application as natural food preservatives.
Benefits of Dietary Fructose in Alleviating the Human Stress Response (1975)

The structural characteristics which distinguish fructose from glucose result in differential physiological properties. For some uses glucose is the sugar of choice. For other situations fructose has distinct advantages. It has recently been found that when pure fructose is exchanged for most other carbohydrates in a good high-protein low-carbohydrate diet, it deserves a reputation of being "nature's tranquilizer", or the ideal "cravecontrol" food, and the answer to most of the problems associated with hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is not a distinct disease. The name of the disorder indicates a deficiency of sugar in the blood sufficient to maintain the nervous system control. It is a physiological disorder that is commonly found in persons with diagnoses of schizophrenia, alcoholism, migraine headaches, hyperactivity, severe overweight and many other disorders. Hypoglycemia is a stress which normally results in a response which raises the blood sugar concentration. Everyone experiences some hypoglycemia each day. It is hypoglycemia
SNrram: An Efficient Sparse Neural Network Computation Architecture Based on Resistive Random-Access Memory (2018)

The sparsity in the deep neural networks can be leveraged by methods such as pruning and compression to help the efficient deployment of large-scale deep neural networks onto hardware platforms, such as GPU or FPGA, for better performance and power efficiency. However, for RRAM crossbar-based architectures, the study of efficient methods to consider the network sparsity is still in the early stage. In this study, we propose SNrram, an efficient sparse neural network computation architecture using RRAM, by exploiting the sparsity in both weights and activation. SNrram stores nontrivial weights and organizes them to eliminate zero-value multiplications for better resource utilization. Experimental results show that SNrram can save RRAM resources by 69.8%, reduce the power consumption by 35.9%, and speed up by 2.49×on popular deep learning benchmarks, compared to a state-of-the-art RRAM-based neural network accelerator.
Spinal sensory neurons express multiple sodium channel α-subunit mRNAs (1996)

The expression of sodium channel alpha-, beta 1- and beta 2-subunit mRNAs was examined in adult rat DRG neurons in dissociated culture at 1 day in vitro and within sections of intact ganglia by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrate that sodium channel alpha-subunit mRNAs are differentially expressed in small (< 25 microns diam), medium (25-45 microns diam.) and large (> 45 microns diam.) cultured DRG neurons at 1 day in vitro (div). Sodium channel mRNA I is expressed at higher levels in large neurons than small DRG neurons, while sodium channel mRNA II is variably expressed, with most cells lacking or exhibiting low levels of detectable signal of these mRNAs and limited numbers of neurons with moderate expression levels. DRG neurons generally exhibit negligible or low levels of hybridization signal for sodium channel mRNA III. Sodium channel mRNAs Na6 and NaG show similar patterns of expression, with most large and many medium DRG neurons exhibiting high levels of expression. The mRNA for the rat cognate of human sodium channel hNE-Na is detected in virtually every DRG neuron; most cells in all size classes exhibit moderate or high levels of hNE-Na expression. Sodium channel SNS mRNA is expressed in all size classes of DRG neurons, but shows greater expression in small and medium DRG neurons than in large neurons. The mRNA for the rat cognate of mouse sodium channel mNa 2.3 is not detected, or is detected at low levels, in most DRG neurons, regardless of size, although moderate expression is detected in some neurons. Sodium channel beta 1- and beta 2-subunit mRNAs exhibit similar expression patterns; they are detected in most DRG neurons, although the level of expression tends to be greater in large neurons than in small neurons. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization of intact adult DRG showed a similar pattern of expression of sodium channel mRNAs to that observed in DRG neurons in vitro. These results demonstrate that adult DRG neurons express multiple sodium channel mRNAs in vitro and in situ and suggest a molecular basis for the biophysical heterogeneity of sodium currents observed in these cells.
Process intensification of <scp>CO<sub>2</sub></scp> absorption using a <scp>3D</scp> printed intensified packing device (2020)

Abstract This study presents a first of its kind demonstration of successful enhancement of CO 2 chemical absorption, under selected conditions, using a process intensification approach. A multifunctional device that integrates contact of phases and heat exchange has been developed, characterized, and tested. Heat transfer analysis has demonstrated the efficacy of the device as a heat exchanger, and mass transfer results have shown substantial improvement in the uptake of CO 2 under a range of operating conditions.
A Convenient Synthesis of Novel Meldrum's Acid C<sub>60</sub> Fullerene Derivatives (2007)

Abstract A series of novel Meldrum′s acid C 60 derivatives were prepared in moderate yields from a convenient one‐pot reaction of C 60 , the Meldrum's acid derivatives, I 2 and 1,8‐diazabicyclo‐[5,4,0]‐undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in toluene at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. All the new compounds were fully characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. A carbene intermediate mechanism was proposed for this reaction.
Ultrastructure of normal and torn menisci of the human knee joint. (1983)

Normal human menisci obtained at autopsy (seven cases) and the injured and uninjured portions of torn menisci obtained at surgery (nine cases) were studied with the electron microscope. The surface of menisci is composed of collagen fibrils surmounted by an electron-dense surface coat. Most of the cells in menisci are chondrocytes but a few fibroblasts and cells of an intermediate form difficult to classify as either fibroblasts or chondrocytes also occur. Mast cells are found at the vascularised periphery of the meniscus. Myofibroblasts were found in the injured portions of menisci in three out of the nine cases studied. A territorial matrix containing fibrils and proteoglycan particles with associated filaments is seen around or adjacent to chondrocytes, but sometimes this matrix is sparse or absent. The interterritorial or general matrix comprises collagen fibrils of widely varying diameters (25-180 nm) set in a sparse interfibrillary matrix containing proteoglycan particles. A few mature elastic fibres and several small or immature elastic fibres and collections of electron-dense filaments are seen in the general matrix. Also seen in this region are calcified bodies and matrical lipidic debris derived by the shedding of cell processes and in situ necrosis of cells. Other features seen in the matrix of the injured portion of the meniscus include: (1) membrane-bound cystic structures; (2) parting and fraying of collagen fibrils; and (3) pools of proteoglycan particles.
Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Improving the Colloidal and Magnetic Properties (2011)

A considerable increase in the saturation magnetization, M s (40%), and initial susceptibility of ultrasmall (<5 nm) iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by laser pyrolysis was obtained through an optimized acid treatment. Moreover, a significant enhancement in the colloidal properties, such as smaller aggregate sizes in aqueous media and increased surface charge densities, was found after this chemical protocol. The results are consistent with a reduction in nanoparticle surface disorder induced by a dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. Â© 2011 American Chemical Society.
Tungsten bronze Sr<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ba<sub><i>x</i></sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>: A case history of versatility (1988)

Abstract We review the chronological development of ferroelectric tungsten bronze Sr1-x Ba x Nb2O6 (SBN) single crystals in terms of crystal growth and applications ranging from pyroelectric to surface acoustic wave (SAW) to nonlinear optics, with specific emphasis on the compositions SBN:60, SBN:75 and SBN:50. In addition to a number of bulk crystal applications, these crystals are also now being used as substrates for the growth of various lattice-matched thin films, including ferroelectric and superconducting oxide materials.
A DNA cassette containing a trimerized SV40 polyadenylation signal which efficiently blocks spurious plasmid-initiated transcription. (1989)

A head-to-tail trimer of the SV40 Bcl I-Bam H1 DNA fragment, specifying polyadenylation of RNA transcripts, was cloned as a cassette flanked by multiple restriction sites. Insertion of the trimer into several expression vectors efficiently prevented spurious expression of reporter genes resulting from transcriptional initiation in prokaryotic plasmid sequences in transfected mammalian cells.
Dioxirane. Its synthesis, microwave spectrum, structure, and dipole moment (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDioxirane. Its synthesis, microwave spectrum, structure, and dipole momentR. D. Suenram and F. J. LovasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 16, 5117–5122Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00484a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00484a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterizing the behavior of sparse algorithms on caches (1992)

A methodology is presented for modeling the irregular references of sparse codes using probabilistic methods. The behavior on cache of one of the most frequent primitives, SpMxV sparse matrix vector multiply, is analyzed. A model of its references is built, and performance bottlenecks of SpMxV are analyzed using the model and simulations. The main parameters are identified and their role is explained and quantified. This analysis is then used to discuss optimizations of SpMxV. A blocking technique which takes into account the specifics of sparse codes is proposed. >
Host resistance to mucosal gram-negative infection. Susceptibility of lipopolysaccharide nonresponder mice. (1988)

The effect of Lps on the resistance of mice to gram-negative infection was compared in two genetically different backgrounds; C3H and C57BL. To mimic the natural sequence of pathogenetic events, infection was induced via a mucosal surface (intravesically), with Escherichia coli which remained at the mucosal site and Salmonella typhimurium which invaded to e.g., livers and spleens. Susceptibility was assessed as the bacterial persistence in kidneys, bladders, livers, and spleens at various times after infection. The initial clearance of both bacterial species from the mucosal site was significantly impaired in Lpsd mice both in the C3H and C57BL backgrounds. In the C57BL mice, additional unknown determinants conferred increased resistance to mucosal infection compared to the C3H mouse. For S. typhimurium, these resistance factors and alleles at the Lps locus dominated over Ity as determinants of resistance to mucosal infection. The Itys genotype conferred a significant increase in the susceptibility only to systemic infection, especially in the Lpsd, Itys mice. These results demonstrate an important difference between the genetic determinants of host resistance at mucosal and systemic sites, and emphasize the role of LPS induced host defense mechanisms for bacterial clearance from mucosal surfaces.
Soft Error in Saddle Fin Based DRAM (2019)

Soft error effects due to the alpha particle and terrestrial neutron strike are investigated in a saddle fin DRAM using the 3D TCAD simulation. The strike location and angle dependency are investigated, and the worst-case incidence condition is studied. As the strike time is relevant for the error pattern, the strike during the write period is found to have minor effect, but the strike during the hold period shows data corruption. The inter-active disturbance is effectively suppressed due to the shallow trench isolation, but the inter-active ionizing radiation disturbance can be a potential risk as the capacitance of the storage capacitor continues to reduce with the DRAM technology scaling.