gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PeASS: A Tool for Identifying Performance Changes at Code Level (2019)

We present PeASS (Performance Analysis of Software System versions), a tool for detecting performance changes at source code level that occur between different code versions. By using PeASS, it is possible to identify performance regressions that happened in the past to fix them. PeASS measures the performance of unit tests in different source code versions. To achieve statistic rigor, measurements are repeated and analyzed using an agnostic t-test. To execute a minimal amount of tests, PeASS uses a regression test selection. We evaluate PeASS on a selection of Apache Commons projects and show that 81% of all unit test covered performance changes can be found by PeASS. A video presentation is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RORFEGSCh6Y and PeASS can be downloaded from https://github.com/DaGeRe/peass.
A Mostly-Clean DRAM Cache for Effective Hit Speculation and Self-Balancing Dispatch (2012)

Die-stacking technology allows conventional DRAM to be integrated with processors. While numerous opportunities to make use of such stacked DRAM exist, one promising way is to use it as a large cache. Although previous studies show that DRAM caches can deliver performance benefits, there remain inefficiencies as well as significant hardware costs for auxiliary structures. This paper presents two innovations that exploit the bursty nature of memory requests to streamline the DRAM cache. The first is a low-cost Hit-Miss Predictor (HMP) that virtually eliminates the hardware overhead of the previously proposed multi-megabyte Miss Map structure. The second is a Self-Balancing Dispatch (SBD) mechanism that dynamically sends some requests to the off-chip memory even though the request may have hit in the die-stacked DRAM cache. This makes effective use of otherwise idle off-chip bandwidth when the DRAM cache is servicing a burst of cache hits. These techniques, however, are hampered by dirty (modified) data in the DRAM cache. To ensure correctness in the presence of dirty data in the cache, the HMP must verify that a block predicted as a miss is not actually present, otherwise the dirty block must be provided. This verification process can add latency, especially when DRAM cache banks are busy. In a similar vein, SBD cannot redirect requests to off-chip memory when a dirty copy of the block exists in the DRAM cache. To relax these constraints, we introduce a hybrid write policy for the cache that simultaneously supports write-through and write-back policies for different pages. Only a limited number of pages are permitted to operate in a write-back mode at one time, thereby bounding the amount of dirty data in the DRAM cache. By keeping the majority of the DRAM cache clean, most HMP predictions do not need to be verified, and the self balancing dispatch has more opportunities to redistribute requests (i.e., only requests to the limited number of dirty pages must go to the DRAM cache to maintain correctness). Our proposed techniques improve performance compared to the Miss Map-based DRAM cache approach while simultaneously eliminating the costly Miss Map structure.
An A Contrario Approach for Change Detection in 3D Multimodal Images: Application to Multiple Sclerosis in MRI (2007)

Estimating significant changes between two images remains a challenging problem in medical image processing. This paper proposes a non-parametric region based method to detect significant changes in 3D multimodal Magnetic Resonance (MR) sequences. The proposed approach relies on an a contrario model which defines significant changes as events with very low probability. We adapt the a contrario framework to deal with multimodal images from which are extracted measures related to intensity and volume changes. Two fusion rules are carefully designed to handle a set of decision thresholds and a set of image measures. The final decision is taken using multiple testing procedures. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion analysis over time in multimodal MR sequences. We evaluate the proposed method on synthetic images using the Brainweb simulator. Finally, promising results on multimodal sequences on clinical data are presented.
Photocatalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid promoted by a superior PdAg@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Mott–Schottky heterojunction (2019)

The superior PdAg@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Mott–Schottky heterojunction exhibits boosting dehydrogenation photocatalysis of formic acid (TOF = 420 h<sup>−1</sup>) without any additive under visible light (<italic>λ</italic> > 400 nm) at room temperature.
Establishment of a Mouse IgA Nephropathy Model With the MBP‐20‐Peptide Fusion Protein (2010)

Here, we aimed to determine whether immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN) could be induced in Balb/c mice by immunizing them with a fusion protein (MBP-20 peptide) comprising the maltose-binding protein (MBP) and a 20-amino-acid peptide derived from Staphylococcus aureus. A recombinant plasmid encoding the fusion protein was constructed and expressed in bacterial cells. The synthetic 20-peptide was used to prepare the monoclonal antibody. Balb/c mice were immunized with the MBP-20-peptide fusion protein over a 21-week course before renal histology was examined at the light and electron microscopic levels. Direct immunofluorescence staining with the anti-20-peptide monoclonal antibody was also performed using renal biopsy tissue from human IgAN patients as a comparison. IgA and IgG specific for the 20-peptide in human and mice serum were detected. The IgAN experimental mice developed a clinical and pathological profile that closely resembled that of human IgAN patients, including the induction of hematuria and numerous histopathological features. Levels of IgA and IgG specific for the 20-peptide were significantly increased in serum from the IgAN experimental mice and IgAN patients compared with control mice and non-IgAN patients. In IgAN model mice, the anti-20-peptide antibody labeled glomeruli, while the antibody strongly labeled glomeruli and weakly labeled tubular epithelial cells in renal tissue from human IgAN patients. In conclusion, immunization with an MBP-20-peptide fusion protein is able to induce clinical and pathological features closely resembling IgAN in Balb/c mice, indicating a potentially useful role for the model in the study of IgAN and related diseases.
Surface curvature estimation from the signed distance field (2004)

We propose a method of computing surface curvature properties from the signed distance field (SDF) samples in the 3D space. The SDF representation contains information of the surface normal at the closest point on the surface from the sampling point. The variance of these information from different sampling points within the neighborhood reflects the curvature information. Because this sampling is done in the 3D space, we do not directly referees to the parametric surface coordinates or polygon structures. The computation is stable because it requires only linear algebraic operations. It is possible to extract multiple scale curvatures by changing sampling interval. The proposed method was applied on real data, and result of multiscale curvature extraction is presented.
Microemulsion polymerization: New surfactant systems by counterion variation (1996)

Novel surfactant systems that allow the formation of polymerizable microemulsions are required for the synthesis of ultrafine polymer latices. The work reported here extends the ability to formulate new microemulsion “recipes” by means of a new approach: the geometry and polarity of a given surfactant can be adjusted by electrostatic coupling with an appropriate organic counterion, e.g., the generation of a very bulky hydrophobic head group. It is demonstrated that counterion variation of classical surfactants leads to a significant improvement of classical microemulsions.
지속적인 비스포스포네이트 제제 사용으로 발생한 대퇴부 부전 골절의 치료 및 경과 (2014)

목적: 지속적인 비스포스포네이트 제제 사용 후 발생한 대퇴부 부전 골절 환자 분석을 통해 골절에 대한 적절한 치료법을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 5년 이상 비스포스포네이트 제제를 복용한 과거력을 가진 환자 중 대퇴골 전자하 및 대퇴골 간부에 특징적인 방사선적 소견을 보이는 골절 혹은 임박 골절이 있는 10명의 13 증례를 대상으로 하였다. 전구 증상 및 양측성, 술 후 통증 소실 기간 및 독립 보행 가능 시점, 술 후 합병증에 대해 조사하였다. 결과: 13예 중 7예에서 전구 증상으로 서혜부 및 골반 통증을 호소하였고(53.8%) 3명에서는 양측성 골절로 나타났다(30%). 총 6예에 있어 전구증상이 있는 임박 골절이 관찰되었으며(46.2%) 3예에 대해 골수강 내 금속정을 이용한 예방적 고정술을 시행하였고 임박 골절이 있던 3예 중 2예에서 평균 11개월(3-19개월)만에 완전 골절이 발생하였다. 예방적 고정술을 시행했던 3예에는 술 후 합병증이 발생하지 않았고 술 후 1년 이내 모두 방사선적 유합 소견을 관찰할 수 있었다. 골절 후 수술을 시행했던 9예에서는 불유합이 2예 있었으며 수술 부위 통증 소실은 술 후 평균 4.7개월(3-9개월)이었고 독립 보행은 술 후 평균 5.2개월(3-9개월)로 조사되었다. 결론: 장기간의 비스포스포네이트 제제 복용 환자에서 전구 증상은 대퇴골 전자하 골절 및 간부 골절 발생의 유용한 지표가 될 수 있다. 임박 골절의 경우 완전 골절 발생 가능성이 매우 높으며 이에 대한 예방적 고정술 시행은 우수한 임상 경과를 보인다.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 23. Alkenyl Substituted Amino‐ and Halogenophosphines and Attempts at Intramolecular Phosphinidene Capture. (1987)

Abstract The aminophosphanes (III) and (V), obtained from the alkenyl Grignard compounds (I) and the aminochlorophosphanes (II) or (IV), react with the hydrogen halides (VI) to give (VII) and (VIII) respectively.
Measurement of Cole–Davidson Diffusion Through Padé Approximations for (Bio)Impedance Spectroscopy (2019)

Throughout various engineering applications, measurement science faces the problem that parameters of interest are not directly measurable with a specifically designed instrument. As such, one relies on indirect measurement which is mapped through a mathematical model to the parameters of interest. The parameters of interest are consequently estimated statistically through analyzing the measurements. This field is known as system identification and serves applications in control, mechanical, and biomedical engineering among others. Anomalous diffusion pops up in impedance and dielectric spectroscopy such that the application of system identification techniques in electrochemical, microwave, and biomedical engineering may be affected by diffusion. The presence of diffusion may introduce systematic errors or bias when applying system identification techniques of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. In this paper, we revisit classical LTI identification in the presence of Cole-Davidson (CD) diffusion wherein we accomplish: 1) detecting the CD diffusion component; 2) discriminating the diffusion from the remaining dynamics; and 3) modeling the CD diffusion through a fractional-order model, in particular, a pole of fractional-order multiplicity.
Production of intense megavolt ion beams with a vacuum reflex discharge (1975)

Experiments have been carried out using a reflex triode-type pulsed ion accelerator at voltages up to 1.8 MeV. Large reductions in the breakdown electron current drawn by the system resulted from the electron reflexing. Diode closure was the major problem and was strongly affected by the choice of anode materials. The best results were obtained with thin aluminum foil anodes. Over a total accelerating pulse of 130 nsec peak aluminum currents in excess of 5 kA were extracted with a peak energy of Al++ of 3 MeV.
BAALC 1‐6‐8 protein is targeted to postsynaptic lipid rafts by its N‐terminal myristoylation and palmitoylation, and interacts with α, but not β, subunit of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (2005)

We cloned a rat BAALC 1-6-8 isoform cDNA (GenBank Accession No. AB073318) that encoded a 22-kDa protein, and identified endogenous BAALC 1-6-8 protein in the brain. The gene was expressed widely in the frontal part of the brain, and the protein was localized to the synaptic sites and was increased in parallel with synaptogenesis. The protein interacted with the alpha, but not beta, subunit of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIalpha). The interaction occurred between the N-terminal 35-amino-acid region of BAALC 1-6-8 protein and the C-terminal end of the regulatory domain of CaMKIIalpha, which contains alpha isoform-specific sequence. Thus, the interaction may be CaMKIIalpha-specific. We also found that BAALC 1-6-8 protein, as well as CaMKIIalpha, was localized to lipid rafts and that both myristoylation and palmitoylation of BAALC 1-6-8 N-terminal portion were required for targeting of the protein into lipid rafts. These findings suggest that BAALC 1-6-8 protein play a synaptic role at the postsynaptic lipid raft possibly through interaction with CaMKIIalpha.
Co2+-doped spinels saturable absorber Q-switches for 1.3-1.6 µm solid state lasers (2000)

The Q-switching of Nd 3+ :YAlO 3 laser, operating at 1.34 µm, was demonstrated using Co 2+ :LiGa 5 O 8 and Co 2+ :MgAl 2 O 4 saturable absorber Q-switches. The absorption cross sections at 1.34 µm and 1.54 µm and bleaching relaxation time of the Co 2+ :LiGa 5 O 8 and Co 2+ :MgAl 2 O 4 Q-switches was measured.
Validation and extension of an empirical Bayes method for SNP calling on Affymetrix microarrays (2008)

Multiple algorithms have been developed for the purpose of calling single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Affymetrix microarrays. We extend and validate the algorithm CRLMM, which incorporates HapMap information within an empirical Bayes framework. We find CRLMM to be more accurate than the Affymetrix default programs (BRLMM and Birdseed). Also, we tie our call confidence metric to percent accuracy. We intend that our validation datasets and methods, refered to as SNPaffycomp, serve as standard benchmarks for future SNP calling algorithms.
Visual7W: Grounded Question Answering in Images (2016)

We have seen great progress in basic perceptual tasks such as object recognition and detection. However, AI models still fail to match humans in high-level vision tasks due to the lack of capacities for deeper reasoning. Recently the new task of visual question answering (QA) has been proposed to evaluate a model's capacity for deep image understanding. Previous works have established a loose, global association between QA sentences and images. However, many questions and answers, in practice, relate to local regions in the images. We establish a semantic link between textual descriptions and image regions by object-level grounding. It enables a new type of QA with visual answers, in addition to textual answers used in previous work. We study the visual QA tasks in a grounded setting with a large collection of 7W multiple-choice QA pairs. Furthermore, we evaluate human performance and several baseline models on the QA tasks. Finally, we propose a novel LSTM model with spatial attention to tackle the 7W QA tasks.
Channelized Receiver with WOLA Filterbank (2006)

Polyphase DFT filterbank is an efficient structure for channelized receivers, but its flexibility limited by the fixed relationship between decimating factor and channel number. In this paper, a flexible and efficient channelized receiver structure was proposed based on weighted overlap-add filterbank. In the structure, shift of input signals substitute shift of time windows. Filter coefficients are used to weight shifted signals rather than calculate convolution. DFT is employed after signal weighting, overlapping and adding. The structure is equal with polyphase DFT channelizer mathematically, but avoids its strict condition. It's a generalized form of polyphase DFT structure. Simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed structure
Radio frequency powered glow discharge atomization/ionization source for solids mass spectrometry (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadio frequency powered glow discharge atomization/ionization source for solids mass spectrometryDouglas C. Duckworth and R. Kenneth. MarcusCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 17, 1879–1886Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00192a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00192a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views602Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Schizophrenia Risk and Paternal Age: A Potential Role for De Novo Mutations in Schizophrenia Vulnerability Genes (2002)

How schizophrenia (SZ) is maintained at roughly 1% of the population despite diminished reproduction is one puzzle currently facing researchers. De novo mutations were first proposed over half a century ago as a source for new SZ genes. Current evidence linking advancing paternal age to SZ risk makes revisiting this hypothesis important. Advancing paternal age is the major source of new mutations in the human population. This article will examine potential mechanisms whereby parental age may impact new mutations, as well as review recent data supporting such a hypothesis.
Studies on the functional topography of <i>Escherichia coli</i> RNA polymerase (1987)

RNA polymerase was treated in the presence of promoter-containing templates with 16 affinity reagents, derivatives on NMPs, NDPs and NTPs with reactive substituents at the terminal phosphate. This treatment was followed by addition of a pyrimidine [alpha-32P]NTP. Due to 'catalytic competence' of some of the residues of the affinity reagents bound covalently near the active center at the first stage, active-center-catalyzed synthesis of a phosphodiester bond occurred, and radioactive residues with the general formula -pNpN (where p = radioactive phosphate) appeared covalently attached to the enzyme. Such affinity labelling was super-selective because affinity reagent residues bound outside the active center were not elongated and thus remained non-radioactive. Labelling took place only when the combination of the reagent and [alpha-32P]NTP corresponded to the sequence of nucleotides of the promoter. With reagents having short 'arms', only the beta subunit was labelled; the targets were His and/or Lys residues. With reagents having longer 'arms', the sigma subunit was also labelled.
Rodent wearable ultrasound system for wireless neural recording (2017)

Advances in minimally-invasive, distributed biological interface nodes enable possibilities for networks of sensors and actuators to connect the brain with external devices. The recent development of the neural dust sensor mote has shown that utilizing ultrasound backscatter communication enables untethered sub-mm neural recording devices. These implanted sensor motes require a wearable external ultrasound interrogation device to enable in-vivo, freely-behaving neural interface experiments. However, minimizing the complexity and size of the implanted sensors shifts the power and processing burden to the external interrogator. In this paper, we present an ultrasound backscatter interrogator that supports real-time backscatter processing in a rodent-wearable, completely wireless device. We demonstrate a generic digital encoding scheme which is intended for transmitting neural information. The system integrates a front-end ultrasonic interface ASIC with off-the-shelf components to enable a highly compact ultrasound interrogation device intended for rodent neural interface experiments but applicable to other model systems.
Long Lifetime Optically Triggered Solid State Marx (2008)

Marx generators are used to produce high voltage, high current, short pulses for a variety of applications. High energy Marx generators are typically switched by gas insulated spark gaps, which have short lifetimes, <10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> pulses, thus limiting practical applications of the Marx generators. APP has developed optically triggered, economical, compact, 48 kV, >30 kA/mus, 8 kA, and 100 ns turn-on solid state switches and examined their performance under normal and fault-mode operating conditions in Marx generators. With 48 kV compact solid state switches, >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> pulse lifetime, high voltage Marx generators capable of high pulse repetition rates can be built. Three different Marx configurations have been tested; a conventional unipolar Marx, a unipolar Marx that uses magnetic assist to achieve >70 kA/mus current risetimes, and an inverting LC mode. For practical applications, solid state switches must survive system faults, such as shorts in downstream components or the load, which can result in twice the normal forward current, a large reverse current and with a large fraction of the system energy deposited in the switches. The switches should also tolerate trigger failures that can result in overvoltaging of one or more switches. This paper will include a description of the solid state Marx and triggering system and show data from multi-million pulse operation as well as fault mode survival testing such as load shorts and switch triggering failures. Near-term applications for the switches include the retro-fitting of the 5 pps Marxes used for the Electra laser pre-amplifier and main amplifier. Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped Krypton Fluoride (KrF) laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. This program is developing technologies to meet the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. The technologies developed on Electra should be directly scalable to a full size fusion power plant beam line. The present Electra Marxes use gas insulated spark gap switches with lifetimes of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> pulses. By using the 48 kV Compact Solid State switch, lifetimes in excess of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> pulses are expected.
Purine Release, Metabolism, and Signaling in the Inflammatory Response (2019)

ATP, NAD<sup>+</sup>, and nucleic acids are abundant purines that, in addition to having critical intracellular functions, have evolved extracellular roles as danger signals released in response to cell lysis, apoptosis, degranulation, or membrane pore formation. In general ATP and NAD<sup>+</sup> have excitatory and adenosine has anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of purine release mechanisms, ectoenzymes that metabolize purines (CD38, CD39, CD73, ENPP1, and ENPP2/autotaxin), and signaling by key P2 purinergic receptors (P2X7, P2Y2, and P2Y12). In addition to metabolizing ATP or NAD<sup>+</sup>, some purinergic ectoenzymes metabolize other inflammatory modulators, notably lysophosphatidic acid and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Also discussed are extracellular signaling effects of NAD<sup>+</sup> mediated by ADP-ribosylation, and epigenetic effects of intracellular adenosine mediated by modification of <i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine-dependent DNA methylation.