gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On practical selective jamming of Bluetooth Low Energy advertising (2016)

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Advertising is an important component of BLE as it is used to broadcast connection information to other devices nearby, usually smartphones. Furthermore, it is the foundation of a variety of services, such as indoor localization. We present a selective jammer against BLE beacons. The jammer selectively jams only BLE advertising beacons for which it was configured (API) on just the BLE advertising channels actually being used (narrowband). Such a jammer is hard to detect and hence requires a sophisticated Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The prototypic implementation uses off-the-shelf embedded hardware which is low-cost, small-size and very power efficient. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution and reveal the impact of the distance between jammer and receiver on the advertising success rate. At short distances the jammer is able to successfully corrupt all BLE advertisement beacon frames making the BLE beacon source undiscoverable.
Model Predictive Contact Control for Human-Robot Interaction (2016)

S.279-285
Introns are inconsequential to efficient formation of cellular thymidine kinase mRNA in mouse L cells. (1987)

TK mRNA levels were determined in mouse L cells transformed with intron deletion mutations of the chicken TK gene. Whether normalized per cell, per integrated gene, or per internal control signal, intron deletion did not diminish the efficiency of TK mRNA formation in transformed L cells. The results demonstrated that introns are not required for efficient biogenesis of cellular mRNA in transformed mouse L cells.
An infrared spectroscopic study of anatase properties. Part 6.—Surface hydration and strong Lewis acidity of pure and sulphate-doped preparations (1988)

Two pure anatase preparations and one sulphate-contaminated preparation have been treated in vacuo at different temperatures, focussing the attention on the earliest stages of dehydration as well as on rehydration. The hydrated layer is made up of hydroxyl groups and of un-dissociated water molecules coordinated at surface cationic centres. The vacuum removal of the latter component, which starts at low temperatures and is complete at some 470 K, creates strong Lewis-acidic sites that reversibly chemisorb CO at ambient temperature up to a coverage of 10–20%. This COads species is very sensitive to inductive effects produced by surface species, including CO itself, and is quite useful in revealing the dehydration/rehydration stage of the surface as well as any alteration of the distribution between OH-bearing and H2O-bearing centres, produced by the vacuum thermal treatments. The vacuum removal of OH groups, which starts at temperatures as high as 450 K, creates only a small number of Lewis acidic sites that are strong enough to chemisorb CO. Sulphate contamination, which derives from the preparative route of the anatase, severely modifies the surface properties, in that it eliminates virtually all of the surface OH centres and produces strong inductive effects through the solid that are monitored by the CO species adsorbable at the sites which, when hydrated, coordinate water with a higher adsorption heat and a higher CO stretching frequency.
Interworking of DSRC and Cellular Network Technologies for V2X Communications: A Survey (2016)

Vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communications refer to information exchange between a vehicle and various elements of the intelligent transportation system (ITS), including other vehicles, pedestrians, Internet gateways, and transport infrastructure (such as traffic lights and signs). The technology has a great potential of enabling a variety of novel applications for road safety, passenger infotainment, car manufacturer services, and vehicle traffic optimization. Today, V2X communications is based on one of two main technologies: dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and cellular networks. However, in the near future, it is not expected that a single technology can support such a variety of expected V2X applications for a large number of vehicles. Hence, interworking between DSRC and cellular network technologies for efficient V2X communications is proposed. This paper surveys potential DSRC and cellular interworking solutions for efficient V2X communications. First, we highlight the limitations of each technology in supporting V2X applications. Then, we review potential DSRC-cellular hybrid architectures, together with the main interworking challenges resulting from vehicle mobility, such as vertical handover and network selection issues. In addition, we provide an overview of the global DSRC standards, the existing V2X research and development platforms, and the V2X products already adopted and deployed in vehicles by car manufactures, as an attempt to align academic research with automotive industrial activities. Finally, we suggest some open research issues for future V2X communications based on the interworking of DSRC and cellular network technologies.
Shiga Toxins Stimulate Secretion of Interleukin-8 from Intestinal Epithelial Cells (1999)

In the 1980s, Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC) was identified as a cause of hemorrhagic colitis in the United States and was found to be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterized by thrombocytopenia and renal failure. The precise way that Stxs cause hemorrhagic colitis and HUS is unclear. Stxs have been thought to cause disease by killing or irreversibly harming sensitive cells through a nonspecific blockade of mRNA translation, eventually resulting in cytotoxicity by preventing synthesis of critical molecules needed to maintain cell integrity. Because STEC is noninvasive, we have been exploring the host-toxin response at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa, where STEC infection begins. We have found that Stx is capable of interleukin-8 (IL-8) superinduction in a human colonic epithelial cell line. Despite a general blockade of mRNA translation, Stx treatment results in increased IL-8 mRNA as well as increased synthesis and secretion of IL-8 protein. Our data suggest that an active Stx A subunit is required for this activity. Ricin, which has the same enzymatic activity and trafficking pathway as Stx, has similar effects. Exploration of the effects of other protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide, anisomycin) suggests a mechanism of gene regulation that is distinct from a general translational blockade. Use of the specific p38/RK inhibitor SB202190 showed that blocking of this pathway results in decreased Stx-mediated IL-8 secretion. Furthermore, Stxs induced mRNA of the primary response gene c-jun, which was subsequently partially blocked by SB202190. These data suggest a novel model of how Stxs contribute to disease, namely that Stxs may alter regulation of host cell processes in sensitive cells via activation of at least one member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family in the p38/RK cascade and induction of c-jun mRNA. Stx-induced increases in chemokine synthesis from intestinal epithelial cells could be important in augmenting the host mucosal inflammatory response to STEC infection.
Two genes involved in the phase-variable phi C31 resistance mechanism of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (1995)

The phage growth limitation (Pgl) system of Streptomyces coelicolor confers resistance to phi C31 and its homoimmune phages. The positions of the pgl genes within a 16-kb clone of S. coelicolor DNA were defined by subcloning, insertional inactivation, and deletion mapping. Nucleotide sequencing and functional analysis identified two genes, pglY and pglZ, required for the Pgl+ (phage-resistant) phenotype. pglY and pglZ, which may be translationally coupled, are predicted to encode proteins with M(r)S of 141,000 and 104,000, respectively. Neither protein shows significant similarity to other known proteins, but PglY has a putative ATP/GTP binding motif. The pglY and pglZ genes are cotranscribed from a single promoter which appears to be constitutive and is not induced by phage infection.
Influence of Temperature Variations on Soil Behavior (1968)

Volume and pore water pressure variations that develop in saturated soils due to temperature changes are expressed in terms of the thermal expansion of the soil components, compressibility of the soil and physico-chemical effects. While the compression index of remolded illite was found independent of temperate, the higher the temperature the lower the void ratio at any given consolidation pressure. The magnitude of pore pressure change accompanying temperature change under undrained conditions is controlled primarily by the compressibility of the soil and thermal expansion of pore water. Results are useful for assessing the effects of temperature variations on properties of soils, the assessment of necessary laboratory temperature control during undrained tests, and the study of physico-chemical phenomena in soils.
<title>Adaptive optics using curvature sensing</title> (1991)

An adaptive optics scheme is proposed which uses curvature sensing, a bimorph PZT deformable mirror, a simple extrafocal image splitter and a sensitive, low noise Solid State Photomultiplier array detector. With curvature sensing, the incoming wavefront is described in terms of curvature which can be directly mapped point-by-point to a driven deformable segmented mirror. While other methods such as Hartmann, require time and cost consuming computations, the curvature mirror can be driven in near real-time taking full advantage of the 11 kHz bandwidth of the bimorph mirror. The SSPM is easily configured to any array pattern without loss of performance. The arrangement is particularly suited to large telescopes in the 8 m class for which the wavefront curvature sensor can provide additional useful information to correct for collimation and structural variations as well as the rapid seeing correction.
Interworking between access protocol and network protocol for interswitch ISDN services (2003)

The authors depict the interworking required between E&M and integrated services digital network (ISDN) protocol and between E&M and Signaling System 7 (SS7). Possible scenarios are given for interworking between ISDN access and SS7 protocols to extend ISDN supplementary services interswitch, in particular, those services that require ISDN user part (ISDN UP). The examples chosen to depict interworking are call forwarding, user-to-user signaling, and call waiting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Weathering on the Flammability of a Slick of Crude Oil on a Water Bed (2000)

An experimental study to define a practical methodology mat will serve to assess the burning of crude oils on a water sub-layer by means of a bench scale procedure is presented, A modified ASTM-E1321 (LIFT) is combined with flash point measurements to extract fuel properties by means of an existing theoretical formulation. The fuel and water layers are treated as a thermally thick material with combined properties to be able to obtain an analytical solution for an ignition delay time and a flame spread velocity. The experimental results are then correlated to the theoretical formulation to obtain the “fire properties” described in the ASTM-E1321 standard. Five different parameters have been identified that describe the capability of a liquid fuel to sustain a flame: the critical heat flux for ignition, qo.ig, an ignition temperature, Tig, the heat contribution of the flame, φ, a thermal efficiency, a/hT and the thermal inertia, √kρc/a. The methodology is used to evaluate the effect of weathering on the flammability of Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet crude oils. The critical heat flux for ignition was found to be a strong function of the weathering level and a weak function of the fuel layer thickness. The ignition temperature depends on both the weathering level and the fuel layer thickness. Thermal efficiency, heat contribution from the flame and thermal inertia remained invariant with die weathering level and fuel layer thickness.
A Low-noise Wideband Variable-gain Amplifier Using An Interpolated Ladder Attenuator (1991)

A pervasive thread in implementing voltage-controlled amplifiers has been the use of nonlinear circuit elements directly in the signal path. For example, wide-band variable-gain amplifiers often invoke the exponential lc-Vbe relationship in a bipolar junction transistor to implement a controlled current-fork or a translinear multiplier core. The nonlinear behavior of field-effect transistors has also been widely exploited in this field. All such circuits exhibit various types of residual signal-path nonlinearity (harmonic and intermodulation distortion) caused by non-ideal aspects of transistor behavior and the necessity for "open-loop" design. Furthermore, distortion and noise performance is often degraded by the use ofV-I stages at the input, and the AC and transient response may vary considerably with gain.
The effect of deoxygenation rate on the formation of irreversibly sickled cells (1988)

The effects of the deoxygenation rate on the formation of irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs) were investigated by using metabolically replete sickle cells (SS cells). We found that the formation of ISCs required Ca2+ and that the amount formed depended on the rate of deoxygenation. When less dense SS discocytes were deoxygenated slowly by flushing with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 at a rate of 3 mL/min, the percentage of ISCs increased from 5% to 26.5% after 24 hours. In contrast, upon rapid deoxygenation (10, 35 mL/min) ISC formation was reduced significantly. The difference may be related to fact that more sickle-shaped cells were formed upon slow deoxygenation than upon the rapid deoxygenation that resulted in the formation of star-shaped and granulated cells. So- called ISCs were formed more easily from sickle-shaped cells. To express the shape of sickled cells numerically, we calculated the mean maximum cell length (MCL) after cells were incubated under various deoxygenation conditions. The MCL of slowly deoxygenated SS cells after 24 hours of incubation was about twice (20.0 +/- 7.0 micron) that of quickly deoxygenated (35 mL/min) SS cells (12.5 +/- 5.0 microns) (initial MCL, 8.0 +/- 1.0 micron). The decrease in potassium content was greater with slow deoxygenation than with rapid deoxygenation. Because the increase in sodium influx was less than that of potassium efflux under slow deoxygenation, SS cells became more dense than those rapidly deoxygenated. In the absence of Ca2+, morphological changes were the same as in the presence of Ca2+; however, under this condition there was no change in density, and no ISCs were formed regardless of the rate of deoxygenation. These results demonstrate that the number of ISCs formed correlates with the MCL. The length of fibers of sickle hemoglobin may be a determinant of the length of sickled cells. This suggests that membrane stretching plays an important role in cell density and irreversible membrane deformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Mono N‐Functionalization of Cyclic and Linear Tetraamines via Their Tridendate Tricarbonylchromium Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automated Login Method Selection in a Multi-modal Authentication System : Login Method Selection based on User Behavior (2019)

An intelligent model is proposed to automate selection of login authentication method in a multi-model authentication system based on user behavior profile. The proposed protocol analyzes the user behavior data to minimize the process in real time and prevent untrusted attempt, meanwhile, it able to facilitate frictionless user experience in a multi-modal authentication system. The proposed system determines a user at a log-in interface and retrieves the user's behavioral historical data as its determinant factors, matching user behavior based on data retrieval from database. Wherein the behavioral data includes the user's login sessions time, geolocation, accessed application and type of user-agent used. The system processes the behavioral data to generate a user profile by a profiling module, at that point, evaluates the user's profile by factoring in environmental parameters of the user terminal to select an authentication method by an evaluation module. The selected authentication method will be displayed for the user to complete the authentication process. On the other hand, the system will updating the user profile with data relating to a new successful login session for future evaluation.
<b>M‐mode magnetic resonance imaging: a new modality for assessing cardiac function</b> (1995)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the heart have been used for some years, but there are few tools available to quantify cardiac motion. A method has been developed that creates an M-mode MRI image, analogous to the one used in echocardiography, to display motion along a line as a function of time. The M-mode image is created from MRI images acquired with an ordinary gradient echo cine sequence. In a cinematographic display of the images, a cursor line can be positioned in order to determine the orientation of the measurement. A resampling algorithm then calculates the appearance of the M-mode image along the cursor line. The MRI method has been compared to echocardiographic M-mode in a phantom study and by measuring mitral and tricuspid annulus motion in 20 normal subjects. The phantom study showed no significant differences between MRI and echocardiographic M-mode measurements (difference < 1 mm). The annulus motion exhibits a similar pattern using both methods and the measured amplitudes are in close agreement. M-mode MRI provides similar information to echocardiography, but the cursor line can be placed arbitrarily within the image plane and the method is thus not limited to certain acoustic windows. This makes M-mode MRI a promising technique for assessing cardiac motion.
Loss of imprinting of a paternally expressed transcript, with antisense orientation to K <sub>V</sub> LQT1, occurs frequently in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and is independent of insulin-like growth factor II imprinting (1999)

Genomic imprinting plays a fundamental role in cancer and some hereditary diseases, including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a disorder of prenatal overgrowth and predisposition to embryonal malignancies such as Wilms tumor. We have previously shown that the KVLQT1 gene on chromosomal band 11p15 is imprinted, with expression of the maternal allele, and that the maternal allele is disrupted in rare BWS patients with balanced germ-line chromosomal rearrangements. We now show that an antisense orientation transcript within KVLQT1, termed LIT1 (long QT intronic transcript 1) is expressed normally from the paternal allele, from which KVLQT1 transcription is silent, and that in the majority of patients with BWS, LIT1 is abnormally expressed from both the paternal and maternal alleles. Eight of sixteen informative BWS patients (50%) showed biallelic expression, i.e., loss of imprinting (LOI) of LIT1. Similarly, 21 of 36 (58%) BWS patients showed loss of maternal allele-specific methylation of a CpG island upstream of LIT1. Surprisingly, LOI of LIT1 was not linked to LOI of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2), which was found in 2 of 10 (20%) BWS patients, even though LOI of IGF2 occurs frequently in Wilms and other tumors, and in some patients with BWS. Thus, LOI of LIT1 is the most common genetic alteration in BWS. We propose that 11p15 harbors two imprinted gene domains-a more centromeric domain including KVLQT1 and p57(KIP2), alterations in which are more common in BWS, and a more telomeric domain including IGF2, alterations in which are more common in cancer.
Ovarian cancer: computed tomography findings. (1994)

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant lesions in women. Radiologists are often called upon to interpret and report computed tomography (CT) findings for staging such lesions and for evaluating the patients' response to therapy. A variety of manifestations of this disease can be seen with CT, each of which can have a spectrum of appearances. These manifestations include ascites, peritoneal seeding, and visceral and nodal metastasis. A selection of situations commonly encountered in women with ovarian cancer, as well as several unusual ones, are depicted in this pictorial essay.
Enhancement of antigen- and mitogen-induced human T lymphocyte proliferation by tumor necrosis factor- <i>alpha</i> . (1988)

The capacity of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF alpha) to modulate human T cell proliferation was examined. To examine the effect of rTNF alpha on the responding T cell directly, T cell activation was studied in the absence of viable accessory cells (AC). Highly purified AC-depleted peripheral blood T4 or T8 cells were stimulated with immobilized monoclonal antibodies to the cluster of differentiation (CD)3 molecular complex, an AC-independent stimulus. rTNF alpha augmented anti-CD3-stimulated T4 and T8 cell proliferation. The capacity of rTNF alpha to enhance T cell proliferation varied inversely with the density of immobilized anti-CD3 and the number of responding cells in each culture. The capacity of rTNF alpha to enhance antigen-induced T4 cell proliferation was also examined. Antigen-bearing paraformaldehyde-fixed antigen-presenting cells induced modest T4 cell proliferation when cultured in flat-bottomed wells; this response was enhanced by rTNF alpha. The results demonstrate that rTNF alpha has direct effects on T cells, facilitating their capacity to proliferate in response to mitogens and antigens. These data indicate that rTNF alpha may play an immunoregulatory role, enhancing the proliferation of T lymphocytes.
The reaction of 2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐isothiocyanatopyridine with α‐amino acids. The synthesis of 3‐substituted 2‐thiooxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrido[3,2‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐4(3<i>H</i>)‐ones (1990)

Abstract 2‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐isothiocyanatopyridine ( 1 ) reacts with α‐amino acids 2–11 and β‐alanine ( 12 ) to give pyrido[3,2‐ d ]pyrimidine derivatives 13–23 with the nitrogen of the amino acid component being incorporated into the fused pyrimidine ring at position 3 . Methylation of 14 and 15 with DMFDMA produces S ‐methylated products 24 and 25 , while in the reaction of 14 with hydrazine the corresponding hydrazide 26 is formed. The reactions proceed under mild conditions, so that no racemization of chiral substituents was observed.
Leveraging resources in global software development (2001)

Leveraging global resources for software development is rapidly becoming the norm at Motorola, which has over 25 software development centers worldwide. Our project, called the 3G Trial (Third Generation Cellular System), was the first of its scope and significance developed by a global engineering team at Motorola. Staffing was the most significant issue we encountered in the 3G Trial. We had only about 20 percent of the required staff available at our division headquarters in Burlington Heights, Ill., US, and needed to find the other 80 percent to successfully complete the project. Early on, we concluded that our only means to staff the project was to rely on software development engineers from Motorola's worldwide software centers. We developed the system with staffing from six different countries. Next, we had to integrate the people into a team. While addressing this challenge, we identified key risk factors and developed approaches to reduce them. We separated the project risk factors into the five categories Carmel (1999) describes as the centrifugal forces that pull global projects apart. To pass on the lessons we learned from this project, this article sets out the global development issues we faced, our approaches to resolving them, and our findings compared to other research.