gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silica precipitation from electrolytic zinc solutions. (1998)

Silica is detrimental to the recovery of zinc from zinc bearing siliceous materials. The difficulties involved in the hydrometallurgical processing of silica are well documented, the major problem being the formation of gels. These are extremely difficult to separate from solution, creating serious problems. This work investigates the mechanism of the formation of granular silica precipitates and how this differs from the mechanism of formation of the gels.Batch precipitation studies of silica from sulfuric acid solutions have revealed valuable information about the processes occurring. A solution of monosilicic acid (Si(OH)4(subscript)) was produced by leaching synthetic zinc orthosilicate (Zn2SiO4) in sulfuric acid. Precipitation was monitored by measuring the turbidity and silica concentration in solution at regular intervals. Electron microscopy was used to examine the precipitate morphology. Variables known to influence silica precipitation are supersaturation, temperature, seeding and the concentrations of sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids and zinc, iron (III) and aluminium sulfates. These were investigated by comparing their effects on precipitation with those of a control experiment. The evaluation criteria used were induction time, precipitation rate, precipitation time, product morphology and filterability. The results of this work define conditions that yield a granular silica precipitate in preference to a gel, low supersaturation being the most important condition. The product morphology is insensitive to precipitation rate over the range of conditions studied.A laboratory scale continuous crystalliser was designed and constructed and used to carry out a series of experiments to determine the operating conditions for suitable processing of natural zinc orthosilicate ore to remove the silica impurity in an easily separable form. The variables examined were supersaturation as well as mixing and product removal conditions. The relationship between supersaturation and morphology discovered during the batch experiments was confirmed to also occur when employing a continuous basis. This finding has not been previously reported in the literature. The use of classified stirring and classified product removal led to the formation of the highest quality silica product with a reasonable residence time. The most important quality criterion being the filtration rate.Insight into the mechanism of silica precipitation has been gained by analysing information from both batch and continuous experiments. Under the strongly acidic conditions studied, colloidal silica particles are initially formed. At low supersaturation (S </= 2.9) the colloidal particles aggregate and cement together to form solid particles, while at higher supersaturation (S>/= 4.3) the colloidal particles aggregate to form a gel.
O3057 TREATMENT OF SCIATICA WITH INFLIXIMAB, A MONOCLONAL HUMANISED CHIMAERIC ANTIBODY AGAINST TNF-α (2004)

Aims: To evaluate the efþcacy and safety of insiximab, a monoclonal chimeric antibody against TNFα, for the treatment of severe sciatica. Background: Evidence from animal studies indicates that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α plays a role in the pathophysiology of sciatica. Anti-TNFα therapy has not been previously evaluated in sciatic patients. Methods: 10 patients with disc herniation-induced severe sciatica received insiximab (Remi-cade¨; 3mg/weight-kg) intravenously over 2 hours. The outcome was assessed at 1 hour, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after the infusion, and was compared to historical controls consisting of 62 patients who received saline in a trial of periradicular inþltration for sciatica. Leg pain was the primary outcome, with over 75% decrease from baseline score constituting a painless state. FisherOs exact test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: One hour after the infusion, leg pain had decreased by 50%. At 2 weeks, 60% of patients in the insiximab group were painless vs. 16% of control patients (P = 0.006). The difference was sustained at 3-months (90% vs. 46%; P = 0.014). Insiximab was superior over the whole follow-up period in leg pain (P=0.003) and back-related disability (P=0.004). At 1 month, every patient in the insiximab group had returned to work whereas 38% of controls were still on sick leave (P=0.02). None of the patients treated with insiximab underwent surgery during the follow-up. No immediate or delayed adverse drug reactions, or any adverse effects due to medication were observed. Conclusions: Anti-TNFα therapy is a promising treatment option for sciatica. There is an urgent need for a ran-domised controlled trial to evaluate if these promising early results can be conþrmed.
Patterns of gastric myoelectrical activity in human subjects of different ages (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental change of gastric myoelectrical activity in humans. Five groups of healthy subjects were studied, including 10 preterm newborns, 8 full-term newborns, 8 full-term infants (ages 2-6 mo), 9 children (ages 4-11 yr), and 9 adults. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using surface electrogastrography for 30 min before and 30 min after a test meal in each subject. Spectral analysis methods were applied to compute the parameters of the electrogastrogram (EGG). The results showed that the percentage of 2- to-4-cycles/min (cpm) slow waves was 26.6 +/- 3.9% in the preterm newborns, 30.0 +/- 4.0% in full-term newborns, 70 +/- 6.1% in 2- to 6-mo-old infants (P < 0.001 compared with newborns), 84.6 +/- 3.2% in 4- to 11-yr-old children (P < 0.03 compared with infants), and 88.9 +/- 2.2% in the adults (P > 0.05 compared with children). In conclusion, gastric slow waves are absent at birth, and there is a maturing process after birth. Age-matched controls are necessary for the interpretation of EGG data from neonates and infants, whereas EGG data in children are the same as in adults.
Dissection of defective antigen presentation by interferon-gamma-treated fibroblasts. (1987)

The capacity of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-treated HLA-DR expressing human dermal fibroblasts (FB) to function as antigen-presenting cells (APC) was examined. FB were cultured with 250 U/ml IFN-gamma for 4 days to induce HLA-DR expression. Peripheral blood monocytes (M phi), FB, or IFN-gamma-treated FB from the same donor were then cultured overnight with or without the recall antigen streptokinase streptodornase (SKSD), and their capacity to stimulate autologous T4 cell DNA synthesis was examined. SKSD-bearing M phi stimulated T4 cell proliferation, whereas antigen-bearing HLA-DR (+) FB did not. Even after fixation with paraformaldehyde to eliminate metabolic activity, SKSD-bearing M phi, but not FB, were able to function as APC. However, when HLA-DR (-) endothelial cell (EC) or autologous or HLA-D-mismatched M phi were added to the cultures, antigen-pulsed IFN-gamma-treated FB and M phi were comparably effective stimulators of autologous T4 cell DNA synthesis. Antigen recognition by the T4 cell was restricted by the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded gene products expressed by the IFN-gamma-treated FB and was unrelated to the class I or II MHC-encoded gene products expressed by the additional cell type. EC-promoted T4 cell DNA synthesis induced by antigen-bearing IFN-gamma-treated FB was inhibited by 60.3, a monoclonal antibody directed at an epitope common to LFA-1, CR3, and the p150,95 molecule. Inhibition caused by 60.3 was completely reversed by the addition of IL 2 to the cultures. Antigen presentation by IFN-gamma-treated FB was also enhanced somewhat by IL 1, IL 2, or monoclonal antibody directed at Tp44 (9.3). However, each of these additions alone promoted T cell proliferation less effectively than EC and resulted in responses that were smaller than those triggered by antigen-bearing M phi. The data suggest that IFN-gamma-treated FB take up and process antigen effectively, but lack an accessory cell property necessary for antigen-induced T4 cell IL 2 production and proliferation.
A weak magnetic field measurement system using micro-fluxgate sensors and delta~sigma interface (2003)

This paper presents a weak magnetic field measurement system using micro-fluxgate (FG) sensors and a sensor signal processing technique using the delta-sigma modulation in the negative feedback loop. The feedback of the lowpass filtered bitstream output of a delta-sigma modulator to the magnetic field improves system linearity, hysteresis, and stability. In spite of the fact that the second-order delta-sigma modulator is used, the third-order noise shaping can be obtained in the digital output bit-stream by the use of an integrator in the loop. This improves the SNR of the digital output. The measured noise of the implemented system meets the measured noise of the FG sensing element itself. The weak magnetic field in the range of the Earth's magnetic field is successfully measured. The nonlinearity error is less than 0.4% in the range of /spl plusmn/100 /spl mu/T.
Finding Bugs in Web Applications Using Dynamic Test Generation and Explicit-State Model Checking (2010)

Web script crashes and malformed dynamically generated webpages are common errors, and they seriously impact the usability of Web applications. Current tools for webpage validation cannot handle the dynamically generated pages that are ubiquitous on today's Internet. We present a dynamic test generation technique for the domain of dynamic Web applications. The technique utilizes both combined concrete and symbolic execution and explicit-state model checking. The technique generates tests automatically, runs the tests capturing logical constraints on inputs, and minimizes the conditions on the inputs to failing tests so that the resulting bug reports are small and useful in finding and fixing the underlying faults. Our tool Apollo implements the technique for the PHP programming language. Apollo generates test inputs for a Web application, monitors the application for crashes, and validates that the output conforms to the HTML specification. This paper presents Apollo's algorithms and implementation, and an experimental evaluation that revealed 673 faults in six PHP Web applications.
F Pilus as f<sup>+</sup>Antigen (1967)

Specific aggregate formation of F pili was observed, by electron microscopy, in a mixture of male Escherichia coli (or of isolated F pili) and anti-f(+) serum. Cellular appendages other than F pili never showed such aggregation when mixed with anti-f(+) serum. The f(+) agglutinability of male cells, as well as F piliation, was sensitive to mechanical agitation. The f(+) agglutination was inhibited when appropriate numbers of phage M12, capable of attaching to F pili, were mixed with the male culture before the addition of anti-f(+) serum. Correlation between f(+) agglutinability and the extent of F piliation was observed. It was concluded that the F pilus is the structure of the f(+) antigen and is responsible for f(+) agglutination.
A novel method for indoor location identification (2010)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is used in different applications. RFID technologies are getting considerable attention not only from academic research but also from the applications for enterprise. One of the most important applications of RFID research is the indoor position location. Many researchers have used varied technologies to perform the action of indoor position location tracking. In our research, we will propose methods using RFID tags to perform indoor position location tracking. First, we uses RFID to collect Received Signal Strength (RSS) from reference tags beforehand, and then uses multiple neuron networks models to do the indoor position location learning. Finally, when the track tags are set up in indoor environments, they can find the position of neighboring reference tags by using the neuron networks and an arithmetic mean to calculate the position location values; with this method we are able to break figures down to track tag position locations. We conducted this experiment to prove that our methodology can provide better accuracy than the LANDMARC system. We conducted the experiments to test the system accuracy.
Coupled lighting direction and shape estimation from single images (1999)

This paper presents a new method for the simultaneous estimation of lighting direction and shape from shading. The method estimates the shape and the lighting direction using a two step iterative process. We assume an initial (possibly incorrect) estimate of the lighting position. A stiff deformable model is then fitted to the image, assuming this lighting position. Next, a least-squares estimate of the lighting position is derived from the model using the Levenberg-Marquart method. The two steps-model fitting and lighting-position estimation-are iterated. Once the light direction has converged to a stable solution the deformable model stiffness is lowered and the model fits accurately given the lighting model. In addition, we show how the method can be used with either orthographic or perspective projection assumptions. In a variety of experiments on real and synthetic data, the method is robust to errors both to the initial light position and shape estimates.
Exciplex‐Forming Co‐host for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Ultimate Efficiency (2013)

Abstract Phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with ultimate efficiency in terms of the external quantum efficiency (EQE), driving voltage, and efficiency roll‐off are reported, making use of an exciplex‐forming co‐host. This exciplex‐forming co‐host system enables efficient singlet and triplet energy transfers from the host exciplex to the phosphorescent dopant because the singlet and triplet energies of the exciplex are almost identical. In addition, the system has low probability of direct trapping of charges at the dopant molecules and no charge‐injection barrier from the charge‐transport layers to the emitting layer. By combining all these factors, the OLEDs achieve a low turn‐on voltage of 2.4 V, a very high EQE of 29.1% and a very high power efficiency of 124 lm W −1 . In addition, the OLEDs achieve an extremely low efficiency roll‐off. The EQE of the optimized OLED is maintained at more than 27.8%, up to 10 000 cd m −2 .
Auditing to keep online storage services honest (2007)

A growing number of online service providers offer to store customers &apos; photos, email, le system backups, and other digital assets. Currently, customers cannot make informed decisions about the risk of losing data stored with any particular service provider, reducing their in-centive to rely on these services. We argue that third-party auditing is important in creating an online service-oriented economy, because it allows customers to eval-uate risks, and it increases the efciency of insurance-based risk mitigation. We describe approaches and sys-tem hooks that support both internal and external audit-ing of online storage services, describe motivations for service providers and auditors to adopt these approaches, and list challenges that need to be resolved for such au-diting to become a reality.
Stopped-flow kinetic and equilibrium studies of filipin III binding to sterols (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStopped-flow kinetic and equilibrium studies of filipin III binding to sterolsRobert Bittman, Winston C. Chen, and Lea BlauCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 7, 1374–1379Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00704a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00704a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrous Manganese Dioxide Nanowall Arrays Growth and Their Li<sup>+</sup> Ions Intercalation Electrochemical Properties (2008)

Nanowall arrays of hydrous manganese dioxide MnO2·0.5H2O were deposited on cathodic substrates by the potentiostatic method from a mixed aqueous solution of manganese acetate and sodium sulfate, and the Li+ ions intercalation properties of such nanowall arrays were studied. The deposition was induced by a change of local pH resulting from electrolysis of H2O. Composition of this new nanowall structure was investigated by means of combined XRD, XPS, and TGA and determined to be hydrous manganese dioxide. SEM study revealed that the MnO2·0.5H2O nanowall arrays were homogeneous across the entire substrate of top thicknesses that varied from 50 to 100 nm with identical depth. The nanowall arrays of hydrous manganese dioxide exhibited an initial capacity of 270 mAh/g with a reversible capacity maintained at 220 mAh/g at the 50th charge/discharge cycle in the Li+ ions intercalation capacity measurement at a high charge/discharge rate of 0.1 mA/cm2 (C/2, 76 mAh/g). This greatly enhanced Li+ ions intercalation capacity is ascribed to the large active surface area of the nanowall arrays and a short facile diffusion path for Li+ ions. The nanowall arrays of hydrous manganese dioxide also displayed an improved cyclic stability attributed to the reduced strain accumulated in these nanostructures during Li+ ions intercalation.
Predotar: A tool for rapidly screening proteomes for <b> <i>N</i> </b> ‐terminal targeting sequences (2004)

Probably more than 25% of the proteins encoded by the nuclear genomes of multicellular eukaryotes are targeted to membrane-bound compartments by N-terminal targeting signals. The major signals are those for the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria, and in plants, plastids. The most abundant of these targeted proteins are well-known and well-studied, but a large proportion remain unknown, including most of those involved in regulation of organellar gene expression or regulation of biochemical pathways. The discovery and characterization of these proteins by biochemical means will be long and difficult. An alternative method is to identify candidate organellar proteins via their characteristic N-terminal targeting sequences. We have developed a neural network-based approach (Predotar--Prediction of Organelle Targeting sequences) for identifying genes encoding these proteins amongst eukaryotic genome sequences. The power of this approach for identifying and annotating novel gene families has been illustrated by the discovery of the pentatricopeptide repeat family.
Central nervous system opportunistic infections in developed countries in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era (2005)

A marked decrease in incidence has been observed for most central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections (OIs) after the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in developed countries. However, the spectrum of these OIs in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients has remained almost unchanged. CNS toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) remain the most frequent ones. Primary CNS lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of all cases with focal lesions. Final diagnosis is currently made by combining neuroimaging techniques (single-photon emission computed tomography [SPECT], positron emission tomography [PET], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and/or computed tomography [CT] scan) and molecular studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and therapeutical response. Stereotactic biopsy should only be performed in the case of atypical lesions or nonresponse to recommended treatments. After treatment of the acute phase, lifelong maintenance therapy is necessary to prevent OI recurrences. Once HAART is initiated, some patients can develop a clinical worsening of some CNS OIs with or without atypical neuroimaging manifestations. This paradoxical worsening is known as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and it results from reconstitution of the immune system's ability to recognize pathogens/antigens in patients with prior OIs and low CD4+ T-cell counts. In this context, IRIS can be seen in patients with CNS cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, or PML. On the other hand, HAART-induced immune reconstitution can improve the prognosis of some untreatable diseases such as PML, and can allow maintenance therapy of some CNS OI to be safely discontinued in patients with high and sustained CD4+ T-cell response.
Uso de herramientas 2.0 para el desarrollo de las destrezas orales (2013)

En este taller presentaremos diferentes herramientas de la web 2.0, explicaremos
como las integramos en nuestro programa del curso y tambien, dentro de cada unidad
didactica. Mostraremos asimismo como se utilizan, tipos de tareas digitales que pueden
realizar los estudiantes para practicar la expresion oral y finalmente, explicaremos de
que manera estas herramientas no solo les han permitido tener mas fluidez a la hora de
expresarse sino tambien estar mas motivados en su propio aprendizaje durante este
curso 2012 - 2013
Learning neural networks with noisy inputs using the errors-in-variables approach (2000)

Currently, most learning algorithms for neural-network modeling are based on the output error approach, using a least squares cost function. This method provides good results when the network is trained with noisy output data and known inputs. Special care must be taken, however, when training the network with noisy input data, or when both inputs and outputs contain noise. This paper proposes a novel cost function for learning NN with noisy inputs, based on the errors-in-variables stochastic framework. A learning scheme is presented and examples are given demonstrating the improved performance in neural-network curve fitting, at the cost of increased computation time.
[The PABA test]. (1984)

PABA test has proved to be an easy and reliable test for determination of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid or 4-(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl) aminobenzoic acid are split by action of chymotrypsin in the small intestine. N.O-diacetyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid is converted easy in vivo in 4(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl) aminobenzoic acid. The amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in urine collected for 6-10 hours is used as an index of chymotrypsin production. The concentration of PABA (and aromatic amines) is estimated in urine by the Bratton and Marshall method. p-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde is less useful for the determination of urinary PABA. 60 min are necessary as time for acid hydrolysis of conjugated PABA metabolites. False abnormal test results are found for instance in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, small bowel resection, impaired liver function, anorexia nervosa, lambliasis or renal insufficiency. The PABA test appears in consideration of these restrictions to be an useful simple method in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function.