gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Tooling Method for Soft Customized Removable Oral Appliances (2012)

Traditionally oral appliances i.e. removable orthodontic appliances, bite splints and snoring / sleep apnea appliances are made with alginate impressions and wax registrations. Our aim was to describe the process of manufacturing customized oral appliances with a new technique i.e. rapid tooling method. The appliance should ideally be custom made to match the teeth. An orthodontic patient, scheduled for conventional orthodontic treatment, served as a study subject. After a precise clinical and radiographic examination, the approach was to digitize the patient's dental arches and then to correct them virtually by computer. Additive manufacturing was then used to fabricate a mould for a soft customized appliance. The mould was manufactured using stereolithography from Somos ProtoGen O-XT 18420 material. Casting material for the mould to obtain the final appliance was silicone. As a result we managed to create a customized soft orthodontic appliance. Also, the accuracy of the method was found to be adequate. Two versions of the described device were manufactured: one with small and one with moderate orthodontic force. The study person also gave information on the subjective patient adaptation aspects of the oral appliance.
Branched‐Chain α‐Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complex, Human (2002)

This article has no abstract.

Keywords:

branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, human
Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Zinc in HCl Solution (2010)

The inhibition of the corrosion of zinc in 0.4 M HCl by (Z)-2-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazono)-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile(1),(Z)-2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazono)-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile(2),(Z)-2-(2-phenylhydrazono)-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile(3)and (Z)-2-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazono)-3-(5,6,7,8-tetra hydrocarbazol-9-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (4) has been investigated at 30 °C using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) measurements. Results obtained show that these investigated compounds are good inhibitors and their inhibition efficiencies (IE %) increase with the increase of inhibitor concentration and with rise of temperature. Moreover, polarization studies clearly reveal that the presence of inhibitors changes the mechanism of hydrogen evolution and that they act as mixed inhibitors. EIS study shows that charge transfer resistance increases with the inhibitor concentration. The adsorption of investigated compounds obeys Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. Effect of temperature is studied between 30 and 50 °C and determination of activation parameters is also discussed. The mechanism of adsorption had been explained on the basis of chemical structure of the investigated inhibitors. It was found that there is a good agreement between the different tested techniques.
Error-Checking Logic for Arithmetic-Type Operations of a Processor (1968)

Abstract—A method of extending the usefulness of residue coding (or congruence checking) to check for errors in operations such as complement, shift, and rotate (or cycle) is presented. The checking logic and a practical method for its implementation are derived. The cost of check circuitry is only of the order of 30 to 40 percent of the part of the processor that is subjected to checking. In another paper presently under review, a method for single error correction using a new code called "bi-residue code" is presented.
Skin and subcutaneous thickness at injecting sites in children with diabetes: ultrasound findings and recommendations for giving injection (2012)

It seems medically appropriate for all children to use short needles where possible to minimize inadvertent IM injections which may increase glycemic variability. Currently, the safest needle for all children appears to be the 4-mm pen needle. However, when used in children aged 2-6 yr, it should be used with a pinched skin fold.
High-Speed Impact between a Liquid Drop and a Solid Surface (1969)

The dynamics of high-speed impact between a compressible liquid drop and a solid surface are reviewed. Previous estimates for the maximum impact pressure have been based on one-dimensional approximations. This paper presents a two-dimensional approximation, adapted from a closely related analysis of the oblique impact between two solid plates. This is valid only for the ``initial'' phase of the impact during which the expanding shock front generated by the impact still remains attached to the target surface, and no lateral outflow takes place. The derivations assume a linear relationship between shock velocity and particle velocity change across the shock front. Numerical results are presented for water and sodium, and can be generalized as follows: The contact pressure remains substantially equal to the one-dimensional pressure until the contact angle φ at the edge has reached about half of its critical value, at which the assumed model beaks down and lateral outflow must initiate. As this critical condition is further approached, the contact edge pressure increases progressively, and its critical value Pc is taken as the maximum impact pressure. The ratio Pc/ρ0C0V0 always exceeds about 2.75 exhibiting a minimum in the vicinity of V0/C0=0.2, where ρ0 and C0 are the density and acoustic velocity of the liquid, and V0 is the impact velocity. These pressures are considerably higher than have been heretofore supposed, but circumstantial experimental evidence supports the present results.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Peptide coated quantum dots for biological applications (2006)

Quantum dots (QDOTs) have been widely recognized by the scientific community and the biotechnology industry, as witnessed by the exponential growth of this field in the past several years. We describe the synthesis and characterization of visible and near infrared QDots--a critical step for engineering organic molecules like proteins and peptides for building nanocomposite materials with multifunctional properties suitable for biological applications.
Large‐scale identification of genetic design strategies using local search (2009)

In the past decade, computational methods have been shown to be well suited to unraveling the complex web of metabolic reactions in biological systems. Methods based on flux-balance analysis (FBA) and bi-level optimization have been used to great effect in aiding metabolic engineering. These methods predict the result of genetic manipulations and allow for the best set of manipulations to be found computationally. Bi-level FBA is, however, limited in applicability because the required computational time and resources scale poorly as the size of the metabolic system and the number of genetic manipulations increase. To overcome these limitations, we have developed Genetic Design through Local Search (GDLS), a scalable, heuristic, algorithmic method that employs an approach based on local search with multiple search paths, which results in effective, low-complexity search of the space of genetic manipulations. Thus, GDLS is able to find genetic designs with greater in silico production of desired metabolites than can feasibly be found using a globally optimal search and performs favorably in comparison with heuristic searches based on evolutionary algorithms and simulated annealing.
On the Reflection and Transmission of Electric Waves by a Metallic Grating (1897)

The main problem of this paper consists in the calculation of the disturbance produced in a train of electric waves by a plane grating composed of parallel, equal, and equidistant metallic strips.The treatment is approximate, and involves the assumption that the wave-length is large compared with the distance between the centres of consecutive strips; the application is, therefore, rather to Hertzian waves than to phenomena of ordinary Optics.The previous mathematical litemture bearing directly on the subject consists of an investigation by Prof. J. J. Thomson,* and of two papers by Lord Rayleigh.fIt will be seen that the author is under great obligations to each of these sources.The work of § § 1, 2, 3 is preliminary, and consists in the solution of several electrostatical problems.With modern methods these pi'esent no difficulty; but the results appeared to possess sufficient interest of their own to warrant the expenditure of a little trouble in the way of graphical representation.The diagrams obtained serve, moreover, to illustrate very clearly some of the conclusions arrived at afterwards in the discussion of the wave problem.The problem of § 4 is introduced on account of its close connexion with what precedes, although it has no bearing on the main subject of the paper.
MUSE-a systolic array for adaptive nulling with 64 degrees of freedom, using Givens transformations and wafer scale integration (2003)

This paper describes a highly parallel system of computational processors specialized for real-time adaptive antenna nulling computations with many degrees of freedom, which the author calls MUSE, and a specific realization of MUSE for 64 degrees of freedom. Each processor uses the CORDIC algorithm and has been designed as a single integrated circuit. Ninety-six such processors working together can update the 64-element nulling weights based on 300 new observations in only 6.7 milliseconds. This is equivalent to 2.88 Giga-ops for a conventional processor. The computations are accurate enough to support 50 dB of S/N improvement in a sidelobe canceller. The connectivity between processors is quite simple and permits MUSE to be realized on a single large wafer, using restructurable VLSI. The complete design of such a wafer is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart contracts vulnerabilities: a call for blockchain software engineering? (2018)

Smart Contracts have gained tremendous popularity in the past few years, to the point that billions of US Dollars are currently exchanged every day through such technology. However, since the release of the Frontier network of Ethereum in 2015, there have been many cases in which the execution of Smart Contracts managing Ether coins has led to problems or conflicts. Compared to traditional Software Engineering, a discipline of Smart Contract and Blockchain programming, with standardized best practices that can help solve the mentioned problems and conflicts, is not yet sufficiently developed. Furthermore, Smart Contracts rely on a non-standard software life-cycle, according to which, for instance, delivered applications can hardly be updated or bugs resolved by releasing a new version of the software. In this paper we advocate the need for a discipline of Blockchain Software Engineering, addressing the issues posed by smart contract programming and other applications running on blockchains.We analyse a case of study where a bug discovered in a Smart Contract library, and perhaps "unsafe" programming, allowed an attack on Parity, a wallet application, causing the freezing of about 500K Ethers (about 150M USD, in November 2017). In this study we analyze the source code of Parity and the library, and discuss how recognised best practices could mitigate, if adopted and adapted, such detrimental software misbehavior. We also reflect on the specificity of Smart Contract software development, which makes some of the existing approaches insufficient, and call for the definition of a specific Blockchain Software Engineering.
Immunocytochemical analysis of the coiled body in the cell cycle and during cell proliferation. (1993)

Coiled bodies (CBs) are small, round structures found in the nucleoplasm of most eukaryotic cells. Human autoantibodies to a 80-kDa protein, p80-coilin, are immunohistologic markers for CBs. A polyclonal rabbit antiserum (R288) raised against recombinant p80-coilin was shown to have similar immunochemical properties as human autoantibodies and was used to analyze the expression of p80-coilin-associated CBs in cell cultures synchronized by double thymidine block, nocodazole arrest, serum starvation, or hormonal deprivation. By employing thymidine block and nocodazole arrest of HeLa cells, CBs were observed in immunofluorescent studies to be largest in size in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. These large CBs might have coalesced into one or two such structures per cell from smaller and more numerous CBs of three to eight per cell during the mid G1 phase of the cell cycle. No CB-like structures were observed in mitosis and early G1. However, immunoblotting analyses showed that the total amount of p80-coilin remained approximately the same throughout the cell cycle. When HeLa cells were separated into soluble and particulate fractions, p80-coilin was detected predominantly in the soluble fraction in mitosis and early G1, whereas it was present predominantly in the particulate fraction in late G1, S, and G2 when structurally distinct CBs were observed. In the analysis of CBs in two experimental models of cell proliferation (reversal of 3T3 serum starvation and FRTL-5 thyrotropin deprivation), proliferating cells contained larger, brighter, and more numerous CBs as well as a > 2-fold increase in the total amount of p80-coilin compared to that in quiescent cells. The expression of p80-coilin in quiescent cells induced to proliferate and the cyclic formation and breakdown of CBs might be consistent with the notion that CBs may be specialized centers related to the maturation of mRNA, but this evidence is indirect and needs further definitive study.
Efficient coupling of LED and spherical-ended fiber (1978)

A model of the coupling of a Lambertian LED and a spherical-ended fiber is proposed and analyzed by means of geometrical optics. The system of this optical coupling can be regarded as a simple optical system which consists of a light source, a principal plane, and an aperture stop. The model analyzed is that in which a light source and an aperture stop are on the anterior and the posterior focal planes, respectively. The maximum incident angle φm into the fiber is determined from the condition that the ray passing through the anterior focal point is not obstructed by the aperture stop, which has the same diameter as the core one. According to the theoretical analysis, the coupling efficiency for the Lambertian LED and the spherical-ended fiber is sin2φm provided that d0?dc and (dc/d0)2 sin2φm provided that d0≳dc, where d0 is the emitting diameter and dc is the critical diameter defined by the critical angle φc of the light propagation in the fiber. For two kinds of LED’s with emitting diameters of 35 and 85 μm, the coupling experiment was performed on spherical-ended fibers which had a numerical aperture NA of 0.14 and a core diameter of 85 μm. The spherical ends of fibers were fabricated to radii r from 75 to 170 μm. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is obtained. In the case that the emitting diameter is 35 μm and the spherical radius is 75 μm, the calculated efficiciency is 6.3%, three times greater than that for a flat-ended fiber. It is shown that the coupling efficiency can be improved by using the spherical-ended fiber with the spherical radius less than about d1/(4NA), where d1 is the core diameter. It is also shown that the maximum coupling efficiency for the LED with the emitting diameter of d0 is obtained by the fiber with the spherical radius less than about d0/(4NA).
Diagnosis of stator, rotor and airgap eccentricity faults in three-phase induction motors based on the multiple reference frames theory (2004)

This paper describes the use of multiple reference frames for the diagnosis of stator, rotor, and eccentricity faults in line-fed and direct torque controlled (DTC) inverter-fed induction motors. The use of this new technique, which was proposed by the authors for the diagnosis of inter-turn short circuits, is extended for the detection and classification of different types of faults. Each fault causes a different disturbance or introduces different components in the motor supply currents. Based on the multiple reference frames theory, by choosing a proper reference frame, it is possible to transform each one of these current components to a d-q frame. In these d-q reference frames, those current harmonics will appear as constants, thus being easily measured, extracted or manipulated. Because each fault causes a different disturbance, the multiple reference frames technique can easily discriminate between different faults. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for the diagnosis of stator, rotor, and airgap eccentricity faults in three-phase induction motors. Moreover, due to the operating philosophy of the multiple reference frames technique, its integration into the control system of a DTC induction motor drive is a straightforward task and is briefly addressed at the end of the paper.
Kinetics of reaction of metal alkyl compounds with alkenes. Part 2.—Aluminium triethyl (1967)

The mechanism of the reaction of aluminium triethyl with various n-alkenes is investigated. The rate of disappearance of alkene obeys an equation which is first-order in alkene and half-order in aluminium triethyl concentration, indicating that the monomeric form of the aluminium triethyl is reactive. Arrhenius parameters are evaluated in terms of the aluminium triethyl dimer dissociating prior to reacting. The solubilities of the alkenes propene-1, butene-1, butene-2 and pentene-1 are measured to obtain their heats of dissolution in dekalin. The unreactivity of butene-2 to aluminium triethyl addition under the conditions used for studying the n-alkene has also been established.
Glaucoma Progression Detection Using Structural Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurements and Functional Visual Field Points (2014)

Machine learning classifiers were employed to detect glaucomatous progression using longitudinal series of structural data extracted from retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements and visual functional data recorded from standard automated perimetry tests. Using the collected data, a longitudinal feature vector was created for each patient's eye by computing the norm 1 difference vector of the data at the baseline and at each follow-up visit. The longitudinal features from each patient's eye were then fed to the machine learning classifier to classify each eye as stable or progressed over time. This study was performed using several machine learning classifiers including Bayesian, Lazy, Meta, and Tree, composing different families. Combinations of structural and functional features were selected and ranked to determine the relative effectiveness of each feature. Finally, the outcomes of the classifiers were assessed by several performance metrics and the effectiveness of structural and functional features were analyzed.
New pyridine derivatives and basic components in spearmint oil (Mentha gentilis f. cardiaca) and peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew pyridine derivatives and basic components in spearmint oil (Mentha gentilis f. cardiaca) and peppermint oil (Mentha piperita)Masakazu. Ishihara, Tomoyuki. Tsuneya, Minoru. Shiga, Shigeyasu. Kawashima, Keiichi. Yamagishi, Fumio. Yoshida, Hiroshi. Sato, and Kenji. UneyamaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 9, 1647–1655Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00021a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00021a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evolutionary clustering (2006)

We consider the problem of clustering data over time. An evolutionary clustering should simultaneously optimize two potentially conflicting criteria: first, the clustering at any point in time should remain faithful to the current data as much as possible; and second, the clustering should not shift dramatically from one timestep to the next. We present a generic framework for this problem, and discuss evolutionary versions of two widely-used clustering algorithms within this framework: k-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. We extensively evaluate these algorithms on real data sets and show that our algorithms can simultaneously attain both high accuracy in capturing today's data, and high fidelity in reflecting yesterday's clustering.
Microphone array beampattern characterization for hands-free speech applications (2012)

Spatial filtering is the fundamental characteristic of microphone array based signal acquisition, which plays an important role in applications such as speech enhancement and distant speech recognition. In the array processing literature, this property is formulated upon beam-pattern steering and it is characterized for narrowband signals. This paper proposes to characterize the microphone array broadband beam-pattern based on the average output of a steered beamformer for a broadband spectrum. Relying on this characterization, we derive the directivity beam-pattern of delay-and-sum and superdirective beamformers for a linear as well as a circular microphone array. We further investigate how the broadband beam-pattern is linked to speech recognition feature extraction; hence, it can be used to evaluate distant speech recognition performance. The proposed theory is demonstrated with experiments on real data recordings.