gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application-Managed Replication Controller for Cloud-Hosted Databases (2012)

Data replication is a well-known strategy to achieve the availability, scalability and performance improvement goals in the data management world. However, the cost of maintaining several database replicas always strongly consistent is very high. The CAP theorem shows that a shared-data system can choose at most two out of three properties: consistency, availability, and tolerance to partitions. In practice, most of the cloud-based data management systems tend to overcome the difficulties of distributed replication by relaxing the consistency guarantees of the system. In particular, they implement various forms of weaker consistency models such as eventual consistency. This solution is accepted by many new Web 2.0 applications (e.g. social networks) which could be more tolerant with a wider window of data staleness (replication delay).However, unfortunately, there are no generic application-independent and consumer-centric mechanisms by which software applications can specify and manage to what extent inconsistencies can be tolerated. We introduce an adaptive framework for database replication at the middleware layer of cloud environments. The framework provides flexible mechanisms to enable software applications of keeping several database replicas (that can be hosted in different data centers) with different levels of service level agreements (SLA) for their data freshness. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our framework in providing the software applications with the required flexibility to achieve and optimize their requirements in terms of overall system throughput, data freshness and invested monetary cost.
Genomic differences between estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐negative human breast carcinoma identified by single nucleotide polymorphism array comparative genome hybridization analysis (2010)

SNP array detected both genetic imbalances and cnLOH and was capable of discriminating ER-negative breast cancer from ER-positive breast cancer.
Contact lens-induced edema<i>in vitro –</i>amelioration by lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors (1986)

Isolated rabbit corneas bathed in Krebs-bicarbonate Ringer solution were observed for thickness changes after a 90 minute equilibration period. Control corneas swelled an average of 0.5 micron/hr, and placement of a polymethylmechacrylate (PMMA) contact lens on the epithelial surface caused the corneas to swell 24.5 microns/hr, an effect similar to 0.5 mM epithelial cyanide exposure. The pronounced swelling induced by PMMA lens placement was much less however, in the epithelial presence of 3.2 mM sodium oxalate (3.22 microns/hr) or 3.2 mM sodium oxamate (5.38 microns/hr). An equiosmotic excess of 4.8 mM NaCl was least active (15.89 microns/hr). On normal isolated corneas (without contact lenses), the Ringer containing an excess of 4.8 mM NaCl significantly deswelled the corneas (-13.44 microns/hr), which contrasted with oxalate and oxamate containing Ringer solutions (1.17 and 1.33 micron/hr respectively). The present study supports the notion that contact lens-induced edema results from stromal lactate accumulation, and suggests a potential alternative to osmotic therapy for its amelioration. These LDH inhibitors, in the concentrations used, have no acute osmotic or toxic effect on normal corneas in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Anthranilic Acid with Orthoesters: A New Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 4H‐3,1‐Benzoxazin‐4‐ones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phosphorus Removal with By-Products in a Flow-Through Setting (2012)

Phosphorus (P) losses to surface waters can result in eutrophication. Some industrial by-products have a strong affinity for dissolved P and may be useful in reducing nonpoint P pollution with landscape-scale runoff filters. Although appreciable research has been conducted on characterizing P sorption by industrial by-products via batch isotherms, less data are available on P sorption by these materials in a flow-through context integral to a landscape P filter. The objectives of this study were to evaluate several industrial by-products for P sorption in a flow-through setting, to determine material chemical properties that have the greatest impact on P sorption in a flow-through setting, and to explore how retention time (RT) and P concentration affect P removal. Twelve materials were characterized for chemical properties that typically influence P removal and subjected to flow-through P sorption experiments in which five different RTs and P concentrations were tested. The impact of RT and P concentrations on P removal varied based on material chemical properties, mainly as a function of oxalate-extractable aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and water-soluble (WS) calcium (Ca). Statistical analysis showed that materials elevated in oxalate-extractable Al and Fe and WS Ca and that were highly buffered above pH 6 were able to remove the most P under flow-through conditions. Langmuir sorption maximum values from batch isotherms were poorly correlated with and overestimated P removal found under flow-through conditions. Within the conditions tested in this study, increases in RT and inflow P concentrations increased P removal among materials most likely to remove P via precipitation, whereas RT had little effect on materials likely to remove P via ligand exchange.
The Effect of the Lipid A Analog, E5531 on Fever Induced by Endotoxin from Escherichia coli. (1999)

E5531 is a specific lipid A antagonist and is expected to be a drug for the treatment of septic shock. The LAL (limulus amebocyte lysate) activity and pyrogenicity of E5531 were determined. The LAL activity of E5531 is large and confirmed that E5531 had a high affinity to the lipopolysaccharide receptor. The pyrogenic activity of E5531 is weak and the pyrogenic profile of E5531 is different from that of USP (United States Pharmacopoeia) reference standard endotoxin (ETX). E5531 suppressed the pyrogenicity of ETX in rabbits, indicating that E5531 is expected to be useful for the treatment of fever induced by ETX.
Loss of the integral nuclear envelope protein SUN1 induces alteration of nucleoli (2016)

A supervised machine learning algorithm, which is qualified for image classification and analyzing similarities, is based on multiple discriminative morphological features that are automatically assembled during the learning processes. The algorithm is suitable for population-based analysis of images of biological materials that are generally complex and heterogeneous. Here we used the algorithm wndchrm to quantify the effects on nucleolar morphology of the loss of the components of nuclear envelope in a human mammary epithelial cell line. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, an assembly of nuclear envelope proteins comprising mainly members of the SUN and nesprin families, connects the nuclear lamina and cytoskeletal filaments. The components of the LINC complex are markedly deficient in breast cancer tissues. We found that a reduction in the levels of SUN1, SUN2, and lamin A/C led to significant changes in morphologies that were computationally classified using wndchrm with approximately 100% accuracy. In particular, depletion of SUN1 caused nucleolar hypertrophy and reduced rRNA synthesis. Further, wndchrm revealed a consistent negative correlation between SUN1 expression and the size of nucleoli in human breast cancer tissues. Our unbiased morphological quantitation strategies using wndchrm revealed an unexpected link between the components of the LINC complex and the morphologies of nucleoli that serves as an indicator of the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells.
Osmotically Driven and Detected DNA Translocations (2019)

A salinity gradient propels a DNA molecule through a solid-state nanopore and generates an ionic current whose change allows for the detection of the translocation. Measurements and theoretical analyses reveal the role of diffusio-osmosis in driving these phenomena: After accounting for known salinity-dependent electrode effects, the measured current change caused by the presence of a DNA molecule inside the nanopore and the DNA translocation speed through it both increase with the magnitude of the applied salinity gradients. The effects are consistent with the theory of diffuisio-osmosis and strong enough to enable DNA translocations to overcome an applied retarding potential of tens of millivolts. This work illustrates how salinity gradients can be used to power and operate a nanopore sensor.
Preparation of Aluminum Oxynitride by Nitridation of a Precursor Derived from Aluminum–Glycine Gel and the Effects of the Presence of Europium (2008)

Spinel‐type AlON, Al 2.75 □ 0.25 O 3.74 N 0.26 , was obtained by ammonia nitridation of an oxide precursor prepared by peptizing a glycine gel with aluminum nitrate. To achieve crystallization, the nitrided product had to be annealed at 1500°C for 10 min in flowing nitrogen. The use of glycine instead of citric acid was important for obtaining a white product without residual carbon. A similar preparation method was used for adding small amounts of europium below 10 mol%. A strong blue emission was observed for products ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 mol% Eu doping. The product with 0.5 mol% doping had a maximum emission intensity at 400 nm for an excitation of 254 nm. The products with 1 and 3 mol% doping showed double maxima at 475 and 520 nm. These three emissions were due to the presence of divalent europium in the EuAl 12 O 19 magnetoplumbite‐like aluminum oxynitride impurity mixed with the AlON spinel major phase. The 1 mol% Eu‐doped product exhibited expanded hexagonal lattice parameters ( a =0.5591 and c =2.236 nm) compared with the values for EuAl 12 O 19 magnetoplumbite itself, observed in the 7.7 mol%‐doped product without any strong emission. The above spectrum change was discussed in relation to the coordination around Eu 2+ .
Uebertragung der Seitenketten bei mit dem Benzol homologen Kohlenwasserstoffen mittelst Aluminiumchlorid (1885)

Die kiirtlich erschienene Abhandlung von J a c o b 8 en9) fber den BAbban von Kohlenwasserato& durch Umkehrung der F r i e d e l -C r a f t s 'echen Reaktionc lliest es uns eweckmbsig erscheinen, unsere friiheren kureen Mittheilungen, die nur einen Theil unserer Versuche resultate enthielten, etwm t u vervollsthdigen.Wir e n t n e h e n die nacbfolgenden Tbbtsiuhen dbr bereits vor einiger Zeit eiogereichten Ina'uguraldi$eertation des einen vdn une (
Understanding statistical concepts using S-plus (2001)

Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction and Statistical Theory. Statistical Theory. Generating Random Numbers. Frequency Distributions. Stem and Leaf Plots. Population Distributions. Measures of Central Tendency. Measures of Dispersion. Sample Size Effects. Tchebysheff Inequality Theorem. Normal Bell-Shaped Curve. Part II: Probability and Probability Distributions. Probability. Joint Probability. Addition Law of Probability. Multiplication Law of Probability. Conditional Probability. Combinations and Permutations. Part III: Monte Carlo and Statistical Distributions. Binomial Distribution. Monte Carlo Simulation. Normal Distribution. t Distribution. Chi-square Distribution. F Distribution. Part IV: Sampling and Inference. Sampling Distributions. Central Limit Theorem. Confidence Intervals. Hypothesis Testing. Type I Error. Type II Error. Part V: Hypothesis Testing in Research. z Test Statistic for Proportions. Chi-square Test Statistic. t Test for Mean Differences. Analysis of Variance. Correlation. Linear Regression. Part VI: Replicability of Findings. Cross Validation. Jackknife. Bootstrap. Meta-Analysis. Significance Testing vs. Practical Importance. Appendix.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intervertebral test spacers: an experimental comparison of magnesium versus titanium and carbon fiber reinforced polymers as biomaterials (2009)

Our results suggest that spinal implants made with magnesium alloys will behave more like CFRP devices in MRI scans.
Bulk Sensitization of Inorganic Semiconductors with Organic Guest Molecules: Zink Phthalocyanines Embedded in &#x003BC;c-Si and ZnSe Host Matrices (2006)

Concepts of bulk sensitization of inorganic semiconductors by organic dye molecules either to increase the absorptivity of indirect semiconductors as μc-Si or to expand in a two photon process the absorption spectrum of wide gap semiconductors to photons of energy below the band gap are introduced. Hybrid composites have been prepared in vacuum by combining CVD and PVD thin film growth methods. Raman and optical spectroscopy have been used to prove the stability of the organic molecules ZnPc and F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> ZnPc for the applied growth conditions of μc-Si and ZnSe, respectively. Photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the frontier orbital line up of ZnPc and F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> ZnPc versus the energy gaps of Si or ZnSe
Pre- and post-Golgi translocation of glucosylceramide in glycosphingolipid synthesis (2007)

Glycosphingolipids are controlled by the spatial organization of their metabolism and by transport specificity. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we localize to the Golgi stack the glycosyltransferases that produce glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), and GM3. GlcCer is synthesized on the cytosolic side and must translocate across to the Golgi lumen for LacCer synthesis. However, only very little natural GlcCer translocates across the Golgi in vitro. As GlcCer reaches the cell surface when Golgi vesicular trafficking is inhibited, it must translocate across a post-Golgi membrane. Concanamycin, a vacuolar proton pump inhibitor, blocks translocation independently of multidrug transporters that are known to translocate short-chain GlcCer. Concanamycin did not reduce LacCer and GM3 synthesis. Thus, GlcCer destined for glycolipid synthesis follows a different pathway and transports back into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the late Golgi protein FAPP2. FAPP2 knockdown strongly reduces GM3 synthesis. Overall, we show that newly synthesized GlcCer enters two pathways: one toward the noncytosolic surface of a post-Golgi membrane and one via the ER toward the Golgi lumen LacCer synthase.
Daughter cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from old mothers display a reduced life span. (1994)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically divides asymmetrically to give a large mother cell and a smaller daughter cell. As mother cells become old, they enlarge and produce daughter cells that are larger than daughters derived from young mother cells. We found that occasional daughter cells were indistinguishable in size from their mothers, giving rise to a symmetric division. The frequency of symmetric divisions became greater as mother cells aged and reached a maximum occurrence of 30% in mothers undergoing their last cell division. Symmetric divisions occurred similarly in rad9 and ste12 mutants. Strikingly, daughters from old mothers, whether they arose from symmetric divisions or not, displayed reduced life spans relative to daughters from young mothers. Because daughters from old mothers were larger than daughters from young mothers, we investigated whether an increased size per se shortened life span and found that it did not. These findings are consistent with a model for aging that invokes a senescence substance which accumulates in old mother cells and is inherited by their daughters.
Identification of novel Yap1p and Skn7p binding sites involved in the oxidative stress response of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2005)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yap1p and Skn7p transcription factors collaborate in the activation of oxidative stress response (OSR) genes. Although Yap1p and Skn7p oxidative stress response elements (YRE, OSRE) have been characterized and identified in some OSR genes, many OSR genes lack such elements. In this study, the complex, oxidative responsive, CCP1 promoter was used as a model to investigate the cis-acting elements responsible for activation by oxidative stress. In addition to consensus YRE and OSRE sequences, novel Yap1p and Skn7p binding sites were identified in the CCP1 promoter. These new sites were found to mediate Yap1p- and Skn7p-dependent activation of OSR genes including TSA1 and CTT1 previously thought to lack Yap1p and Skn7p binding sites. The novel YREs and OSREs were found to be enriched in the promoter regions of a set of 179 OSR genes. The widespread existence of novel Yap1p and Skn7p binding sites strongly suggest that direct binding of Yap1p and Skn7p is responsible for activation of many more OSR genes than previously believed.
Wide dynamic range CMOS active pixel sensor using a stacked-photodiode structure (2012)

In this paper, we propose a stacked-photodiode structure to extend the dynamic range of the CMOS active pixel sensor (APS). The proposed APS uses two photodiodes with different sensitivities and two additional MOSFETs in comparison with a conventional 3-transistor APS. Although the size of pixel is slightly larger than that of conventional 3-transistor APS, extension of the dynamic range is much easier than conventional methods by adjusting the reference voltage. The dynamic range of the proposed APS was greater than 103 dB. The designed circuit has been fabricated by using 0.35 μm 2-poly 4-metal standard CMOS technology and its characteristics have been evaluated.
HOLOGRAPHIC OPTICAL MEMORY An Optical Read–Write Mass Memory (1970)

A mass read-write memory system has been devised based on holographic storage on an erasable and reversible continuous storage medium and pseudorandom electronic selection depending on compounded selection and an internal electrically and light addressable storing matrix array (LATRIX). This paper discusses the significance to computer design and usage as well as the concepts of the proposed memory. Feasible solutions for all necessary elements were found, and some of their key aspects are considered in detail in the following three papers.
Mass spectrometry in medical research (1985)

This review has sought to emphasise the fundamental principles on which mass spectrometric methods are based in order to indicate not only the present scope of application in medical research but also to suggest areas of future development. Studies with relevance to medical research now span the range from gas analysis to structural studies of proteins. The advent of new ionisation techniques has brought applications which stretch the capabilities of 'traditional' mass analysers (such as magnetic sector instruments) and alternative techniques (time-of-flight, ion cyclotron resonance) are finding increasing favour. Such developments represent, in general, pure research with little immediate impact on clinical practice. Another trend in instrumentation, however, is the development of relatively simple and inexpensive quadrupole mass spectrometers which give adequate performance for gas analyses and rapid GC-MS determinations of drugs or endogenous metabolites. It is likely that this divergent trend in medical mass spectrometry--both to more complex research instruments and to simpler routine instruments for the non-specialist--will continue.
The Reactions of Group VI Metal Carbonyls with Pyrrolidine, Piperazine, and Morpholine (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reactions of Group VI Metal Carbonyls with Pyrrolidine, Piperazine, and MorpholineG. W. A. Fowles and D. K. JenkinsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 2, 257–259Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50012a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50012a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of energy consumption of RC4 and AES algorithms in wireless LANs (2004)

Encryption algorithms are known to be computationally intensive. They consume a significant amount of computing resources such as CPU time, memory, and battery power. A wireless device, usually with very limited resources, especially battery power, is subject to the problem of energy consumption due to encryption algorithms. Designing energy efficient security protocols first requires an understanding of and data related to the energy consumption of common encryption schemes. In this paper, we provide the results of experiments with AES and RC4, two symmetric key algorithms that are commonly suggested or used in WLANs. Our results show that RC4 is more suitable for large packets and AES for small packets.
Fault Detection, Diagnostics, and Prognostics: Software Agent Solutions (2007)

Fault diagnosis and prognosis are important tools for the reliability, availability, and survivability of navy all-electric ships (AES). Extending the fault detection and diagnosis into predictive maintenance increases the value of this technology. The traditional diagnosis can be viewed as a single diagnostic agent having a model of the component or the whole system to be diagnosed. This becomes inadequate when the components or system become large, complex, and even distributed as on navy electric ships. For such systems, the software multiagents may offer a solution. A key benefit of software agents is their ability to automatically perform complex tasks in place of human operators. After briefly reviewing traditional fault diagnosis and software agent technologies, this paper discusses how these technologies can be used to support the drastic manning reduction requirements for future navy ships. Examples are given on the existing naval applications and research on detection, diagnostic, and prognostic software agents. Current work on a multiagent system for shipboard power systems is presented as an example of system-level application.
A discriminative framework for bilingual word alignment (2005)

Bilingual word alignment forms the foundation of most approaches to statistical machine translation. Current word alignment methods are predominantly based on generative models. In this paper, we demonstrate a discriminative approach to training simple word alignment models that are comparable in accuracy to the more complex generative models normally used. These models have the the advantages that they are easy to add features to and they allow fast optimization of model parameters using small amounts of annotated data.