gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enteropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Use Redundant Tyrosine Kinases to Form Actin Pedestals (2004)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are deadly contaminants in water and food and induce protrusion of actin-rich membrane pedestals beneath themselves upon attachment to intestinal epithelia. EPEC then causes intestinal inflammation, diarrhea, and, among children, death. Here, we show that EPEC uses multiple tyrosine kinases for formation of pedestals, each of which is sufficient but not necessary. In particular, we show that Abl and Arg, members of the Abl family of tyrosine kinases, localize and are activated in pedestals. We also show that pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (PD) compounds, which inhibit Abl, Arg, and related kinases, block pedestal formation. Finally, we show that Abl and Arg are sufficient for pedestal formation in the absence of other tyrosine kinase activity, but they are not necessary. Our results suggest that additional kinases that are sensitive to inhibition by PD also can suffice. Together, these results suggest that EPEC has evolved a mechanism to use any of several functionally redundant tyrosine kinases during pathogenesis, perhaps facilitating its capacity to infect different cell types. Moreover, PD compounds are being developed to treat cancers caused by dysregulated Abl. Our results raise the possibility that PD may be useful in treating EPEC infections, and because PD affects host and not bacterium, selecting resistant strains may be far less likely than with conventional antibiotics.
Separation of Singing Voice From Music Accompaniment for Monaural Recordings (2007)

Separating singing voice from music accompaniment is very useful in many applications, such as lyrics recognition and alignment, singer identification, and music information retrieval. Although speech separation has been extensively studied for decades, singing voice separation has been little investigated. We propose a system to separate singing voice from music accompaniment for monaural recordings. Our system consists of three stages. The singing voice detection stage partitions and classifies an input into vocal and nonvocal portions. For vocal portions, the predominant pitch detection stage detects the pitch of the singing voice and then the separation stage uses the detected pitch to group the time-frequency segments of the singing voice. Quantitative results show that the system performs the separation task successfully
Luminescent nanostructures based on colour centres produced in LiF films by direct writing with an X‐ray microprobe (2005)

Low-dimensionality photoluminescent patterns based on broad-band visible-emitting F2 and F3+ colour centres have been realised in Lithium Fluoride films by direct writing with a focused soft X-ray beam provided at the ELETTRA synchrotron radiation facility. Permanent fluorescent lines, with typical width from few hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers, have been prepared by scanning the LiF specimen with respect to the X-ray microprobe and imaged by confocal laser and near-field optical microscopy in fluorescence configuration. The use of this versatile lithographic technique offers the opportunity to integrate active and passive optical components, like waveguides and gratings, in this promising material, grown by simple and well assessed film deposition methods on different substrates. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ESTIMATION OF BLOOD VELOCITY USING THE WIDEBAND MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTlhlATOR (1989)

New \vidcb:ind iiiaxiiii~im likclihood cstiniators have hecn dcrivcd for the cstiniation of blood vclocity using acoustic signals. The velocity c\tiiii:itors exploit both the clfcct of the scatlercr velocity on the rigniil delay and the shift in frequcncy. Otic form ofthc new widcband c~linialor recognizes thc velocity spread and range spread nature of the 1;irgcI. The widchand point MLE is ii simplcr cstiniator based on the point 1;irgct :is\umptioii. Using a widchand transniitlcd signal, the perloriiiiiiicc of hoth of thcsc cstiiiialors is superior to currcnl strategies 11 respects. They rcsulr in improved local accuracy, in an <I velocity rcsoliifion, ai 111 this paper, the loc:~l II diminished subsidiary velocity pcaks. uriicy of thc widchand point MLE is c\~;ilu;i~cd through the use of thc Cramcr-Rao bound. This cvaluation rho\vs th:iI (his new crtiiiiatioii slralcby results in a rcduccd bound on the cstiiiiator v;~ri;incc in comparison with traditional slralcgics. In order to sludy global accurzicy we evaluate the cxpcctcd cstiiiialor output and show 1h;it tlic width of thc niainlobc and the height of subsidiary pcaks are reduced Ihroiigh the usc of lhis cstinialor. In ;in experimental study, thc predictions arc then compared with ;ictii;iI values compulcd from ultrasonic data. Through this investigation, the assumptions of the modcl arc verified and thc prcdiclcd improvement in loc;il :incl gloh:iI nccur;icy is confirmed.
Novel Synthesis of Poly(silyl ethers) by the Addition Reaction of Bis(epoxides) with Dichlorosilanes or Bis(chlorosilanes) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Synthesis of Poly(silyl ethers) by the Addition Reaction of Bis(epoxides) with Dichlorosilanes or Bis(chlorosilanes)Tadatomi Nishikubo, Atsushi Kameyama, Yasuhiro Kimura, and Kunitoshi FukuyoCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 13, 4361–4365Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00117a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00117a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Uranium-Tritium System - The Storage of Tritium (1976)

The thermodynamics of the uranium-tritium system were determined over the pressure range of 2 x 10 to the minus 4 to 20 atm from experimental composition-pressure-temperature data. Both enthalpy and entropy were shown to vary slightly with composition by analysis of van't Hoff plots for the U-D system and the U-T system. The evolution of helium-3 borne in the lattice of a fully tritiated sample of uranium was studied over a period of several months, and the relative proportion of helium-3 and tritium in the evolved gas from an aged UT3 sample was determined at several temperatures. The desorption and absorption characteristics of a typical uranium-tritium storage bed have been studied and observed for several years.
A one-pot isoquinoline synthesis by cyclodehydrogenation of N-benzyl-.ALPHA.-alkylaminoacetals with chlorosulfonic acid. Formation of 3-alkylisoquinolines. (1987)

A direct preparation of fully aromatized 3-alkylisoquinolines (3e-p), was achieved by cyclodehydrogenation with chlorosulfonic acid of N-benzyl-α-alkylaminoacetals (2e-p) which were prepared by addition of Grignard reagent to N-benzyliminoacetals (1a-d).
Coreferential Reasoning Learning for Language Representation (2020)

Language representation models such as BERT could effectively capture contextual semantic information from plain text, and have been proved to achieve promising results in lots of downstream NLP tasks with appropriate fine-tuning. However, most existing language representation models cannot explicitly handle coreference, which is essential to the coherent understanding of the whole discourse. To address this issue, we present CorefBERT, a novel language representation model that can capture the coreferential relations in context. The experimental results show that, compared with existing baseline models, CorefBERT can achieve significant improvements consistently on various downstream NLP tasks that require coreferential reasoning, while maintaining comparable performance to previous models on other common NLP tasks. The source code and experiment details of this paper can be obtained from https://github.com/thunlp/CorefBERT.
Attitudes towards truth-telling about cancer: a survey of patients and their families with oral and maxillofacial cancer (2009)

是否向患有嚴重疾病的患者告知病情，已經爭論了兩千多年。目前，按告知對象的不同，主要有兩種病情告知模式，一是“家庭中心模式”（family-centered model），即醫生向家屬交待患者的病情，由家屬決定是否向患者轉達；二是“患者自主模式”（patient autonomy model），即醫生把病情直接告訴患者本人。
Eye gaze patterns in conversations (2001)

In multi-agent, multi-user environments, users as well as agents should have a means of establishing who is talking to whom. In this paper, we present an experiment aimed at evaluating whether gaze directional cues of users could be used for this purpose. Using an eye tracker, we measured subject gaze at the faces of conversational partners during four-person conversations. Results indicate that when someone is listening or speaking to individuals, there is indeed a high probability that the person looked at is the person listened (p=88%) or spoken to (p=77%). We conclude that gaze is an excellent predictor of conversational attention in multiparty conversations. As such, it may form a reliable source of input for conversational systems that need to establish whom the user is speaking or listening to. We implemented our findings in FRED, a multi-agent conversational system that uses eye input to gauge which agent the user is listening or speaking to.
A small molecular gelling agent for organic liquids: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine 4-hexadecanoyl-2-nitrophenyl ester (1992)

N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine 4-hexadecanoyl-2-nitrophenyl ester can form thermoreversible hard gels at less than 1% by mass in methanol or cyclohexane; TEM (transmission electron micrograph) and SEM (scanning electron micrograph) of gels reveal rod-like fibres and huge aggregates with branched structure, which are mainly assembled by hydrogen bonding between N–H and CO of the urethane bond.
Bile salt modulated stereoselection in the cholesterol esterase catalyzed hydrolysis of .alpha.-tocopheryl acetates (1991)

Peer reviewed: Yes
TRAF6, a molecular bridge spanning adaptive immunity, innate immunity and osteoimmunology (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a crucial signaling molecule regulating a diverse array of physiological processes, including adaptive immunity, innate immunity, bone metabolism and the development of several tissues including lymph nodes, mammary glands, skin and the central nervous system. It is a member of a group of six closely related TRAF proteins, which serve as adapter molecules, coupling the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily to intracellular signaling events. Among the TRAF proteins, TRAF6 is unique in that, in addition to mediating TNFR family signaling, it is also essential for signaling downstream of an unrelated family of receptors, the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamily. Gene targeting experiments have identified several indispensable physiological functions of TRAF6, and structural and biochemical studies have revealed the potential mechanisms of its action. By virtue of its many signaling roles, TRAF6 represents an important target in the regulation of many disease processes, including immunity, inflammation and osteoporosis.
A SIMPLE BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHIC SYSTEM FOR A MEDICAL CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY COURSE (2003)

Ballistocardiography is an old, noninvasive technique used to record the movements of the body synchronous with the heartbeat due to left ventricular pump activity. Despite the fact that this technique to measure cardiac output has been superseded by more advanced and precise techniques, it is useful for teaching cardiac cycle physiology in an undergraduate practical course because of its noninvasive application in humans, clear physiological and physiopathological analysis, and practical approach to considering cardiac output issues. In the present report, a simple, low cost, easy-to-build ballistocardiography system is implemented together with a theoretical and practical session that includes Newton's laws, cardiac output, cardiac pump activity, anatomy and physiology of the vessel circulation, vectorial composition, and signal transduction, which makes cardiovascular physiology easy to understand and focuses on the study of cardiac output otherwise seen only with the help of computer simulation or echocardiography. The proposed system is able to record body displacement or force as ballistocardiography traces and its changes caused by different physiological factors. The ballistocardiography session was included in our medical physiology course six years ago with very high acceptance and approval rates from the students.
Deposition Rates of Oxidized Iron on Mars (1993)

The reddened oxidized surface of Mars is indicative of temporal interactions between the Martian atmosphere and its surface. During the evolution of the Martian regolith, primary ferromagnesian silicate and sulfide minerals in basaltic rocks apparently have been oxidized to secondary ferric-bearing assemblages. To evaluate how and when such oxidized deposits were formed on Mars, information about the mechanisms and rates of chemical weathering of Fe(2+)-bearing minerals has been determined. In this paper, mechanisms and rates of deposition of ferric oxide phases on the Martian surface are discussed.
Controlling Diffusion and Exchange in Layer-by-Layer Assemblies (2007)

Here we present a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled device architecture that serves as a model heterostructure to study the atypical assembly that can result from the bottom-up combination of multiple multilayers of different compositions. Heterostructure assembly is disrupted by diffusion of linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI) within an LPEI/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polyelectrolyte multilayer and the exchange of LPEI with an aromatic polycation (poly(hexyl viologen) or PXV) that was assembled with PAA in an underlying multilayer. We illustrate this diffusion/exchange mechanism by showing that the assembly of an LPEI/PAA multilayer on to a PXV/PAA multilayer causes the heterostructure film to roughen and become opaque, indicating significant morphological changes. FTIR analysis confirms that LPEI diffuses into the underlying polyelectrolyte multilayer and displaces PXV. Exchange experiments of the constructed PXV/PAA multilayers in the presence of LPEI solutions were completed. Molecular weight dependence on the rate of exchange is shown through the use of high molecular weight LPEI, which is shown to undergo displacement at rates much slower than the time frame of the typical layer adsorption cycle. Finally, we prevent LPEI diffusion by incorporating a thin blocking layer of cross-linked LbL film, resulting in a discrete, compartmentalized multilayer structure. We explain these phenomena by the strength of acid−base interactions between LPEI and PAA, the ability of hydrophilic LPEI molecules to move through a multilayer, and the tendency of weak polyelectrolytes to redistribute their ionization in response to changes in immediate environment. The success of assembling a heterostructured LbL film can be predicted by whether or not the individual component layers grow superlinearly in isolation. Our system provides a model example of LbL assemblies in which interdiffusion destabilizes film growth, and by understanding the mechanism of this destabilization, we are able to control it.
A Tunable-Transmission Sagnac Interferometer Using an Optical Microfiber (2010)

This paper deals with fabrication of an optical microfiber and demonstration of a Sagnac loop interferometer constructed with it. An optical microfiber with a diameter ∼2 µm and loss ∼0.03 dB/mm is manufactured by tapering a conventional single-mode fiber using a flame-brushing technique. A Sagnac interferometer is assembled by twisting the fabricated microfiber into a loop. The intertwisted section of the loop functions as a directional coupler whose coupling ratio is tunable by changing the twist rate. Transmission characteristics of the interferometer may allow us to use it as a potential photonic device such as a linear edge filter, an optical variable attenuator, or a gain flattening filter.
Dissemination Protocols for Reprogramming Wireless Sensor Networks: A Literature Survey (2010)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually operate over long periods of deployment in places hard to be reached by human. Reprogrammability is essential to achieve flexible WSNs that have already been deployed in field and in use. Dissemination protocols are necessary for reprogramming a WSN. In this paper, we give a review on existing dissemination protocols for reprogramming WSNs, and discuss related research issues and trends in this area.
Service Specification Using Z (1993)

Z is a formal description language based on set theory and predicate logic [12].In SCORE, we have investigated, through a number of case studies, how Z may be used to support service creation.Z may be used in the specification stage of service creation as it provides a succinct and unambiguous way of specifying services.Experience has shown that formal notations such as Z may also be used to aid the requirements gathering stage of the service creation process; by building partial formal models based on requirements, these requirements can be clarified and further elaborated before a more complete specification is produced.
Molecular defects underlying Wolman disease appear to be more heterogeneous than those resulting in cholesteryl ester storage disease (1999)

Human lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase (hLAL) is essential for the intralysosomal metabolism of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis of lipoprotein particles. The key role of the enzyme in intracellular lipid homeostasis is illustrated by two lysosomal storage diseases inherited as autosomal recessive traits. Wolman disease, associated with deficient hLAL activity, leads to massive intracellular substrate accumulation and is always fatal in early infancy. Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD), in contrast, is characterized by very low levels of enzymic activity sufficient to allow survival of the affected patients into adulthood. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular defects in Wolman disease, we have characterized the hLAL gene in two female Wolman patients of German and Turkish origin by SSCP and DNA sequence analysis. Our results demonstrate that the German proband was compound heterozygous for an 8-bp deletion in exon 3 and a 2-bp deletion in exon 4 of the hLAL gene. These frameshift mutations lead to protein truncation at amino acid positions 24 and 116 and to complete loss of hydrolytic activity. The Turkish proband, in contrast, was homozygous for a G(1064)-->T substitution in exon 10 of the hLAL gene which converts the completely conserved glycine (GGG) residue at position 321 of the mature enzyme to tryptophan (TGG). In vitro expression of the hLAL(Gly(321)-->Trp) cDNA construct revealed that the amino acid replacement results in a more than 99% reduction of neutral lipid hydrolysis. The mutations provide new insights into the molecular basis of Wolman disease which is apparently more heterogeneous at the genetic level than cholesteryl ester storage disease.-Lohse, P., S. Maas, P. Lohse, A. C. Sewell, O. P. van Diggelen, and D. Seidel. Molecular defects underlying Wolman disease appear to be more heterogeneous than those resulting in cholesteryl ester storage disease.
Enzymatic formation of prostamide F2α from anandamide involves a newly identified intermediate metabolite, prostamide H2 (2005)

Prostaglandin F2alpha 1-ethanolamide (prostamide F2alpha) is a potent ocular hypotensive agent in animals and represents a new class of fatty acid amide compounds. Accumulated evidence indicated that anandamide, an endogenous bioactive ligand for cannabinoid receptors, may serve as a common substrate to produce all prostamides, including prostamide F2alpha. After incubation of anandamide with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), the reaction mixture was profiled by HPLC and an intermediate metabolite was discovered and characterized as a cyclic endoperoxide ethanolamide using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Formation of prostamide F2alpha was also demonstrated when the intermediate metabolite was isolated and incubated with prostaglandin F synthase (PGF synthase). These results suggest that the biosynthesis of prostamide F2alpha proceeds in two consecutive steps: oxidation of anandamide to form an endoperoxide intermediate by COX-2, and reduction of the endoperoxide intermediate to form prostamide F2alpha by PGF synthase. This endoperoxide ethanolamide intermediate has been proposed as prostamide H2.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Titania Shells on Colloidal Silica (2007)

Multi-step addition microfluidic system for growth of well defined shell coatings without complications of secondary nucleation. Coating of colloidal silica core particles with titania layers of tunable thickness in a one-step, continuous flow process through controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraethoxide.
A Survey of 2D and 3D Shape Descriptors (2013)

3D objects play a vital role in computer games, movies, TV, engineering design, and biological sciences. Researchers have studied 3D object retrieval techniques using 2D and 3D shape descriptors in the last several decades. In this paper, some of the most popular shape descriptors are reviewed. We first discuss the important criteria for a good shape descriptor. Then, we classify 2D and 3D shape descriptors into several categories. For each category, we review the state-of-the-art techniques along with their advantages and disadvantages. We also examine the recent contributions and improvements in these techniques and provide a comparison with other successful techniques based on previous literature and surveys. Finally we discuss the possible future directions.
Differential scanning calorimetry study of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibres in intermediate state of ATP hydrolysis (2007)

According to DSC measurements, strongly and weakly binding states of myosin to actin were significantly different. In the presence of ADP only a moderate change of the DSC pattern was detected in comparison with rigor, whereas in ADP.Pi state trapped by Vi, AlF4 or BeFx a remarkable stabilization was detected on the myosin head and actin filament which is reflected in a 3.0-10.0 degrees C shift in Tm to higher temperature. A similar effect was observed in the case of the nonhydrolyzable AMP.PNP analogue. Differential DSC measurements suggest that stabilization actin structure in the intermediate states of ATP hydrolysis may play an additional role in actin-myosin interaction.