gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low temperature formation of emitter and BSF by rapid thermal co-diffusion of P, Al or B (2002)

Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is now emerging as a promising simplified process for manufacturing of terrestrial solar cells in a continuous way. In earlier works, we have shown that RTP can advantageously replace the classical furnace for performing emitter, BSF and surface passivation in addition to an efficient gettering of metallic impurities during these steps. In this work, we present results about co-diffusion of two dopant elements in a single rapid thermal cycle at low temperature in order to form emitter and BSF simultaneously. We have, in particular, found that the diffusion kinetics of dopant elements are enhanced during rapid thermal co-diffusion of P, Al or B and lead to the optimal dopant activity and profile for high efficiency silicon solar cells at low temperature. Additionally, the gettering effect induced by the co-diffusion of P and Al is more efficient than can be achieved by a single diffusion of these two elements. Finally, test solar cells were performed on these structures and gave, for a low processing temperature (800/spl deg/C/60 s), an efficiency of 11% on polished FZ monocrystalline substrates without antireflecting coating.
A Workflow-Based Network Advisor for Data Movement with End-to-End Performance Optimization (2012)

Next-generation eScience applications often generate large amounts of simulation, experimental, or observational data that must be shared and managed by collaborative organizations. Advanced networking technologies and services have been rapidly developed and deployed to facilitate such massive data transfer. However, these technologies and services have not been fully utilized mainly because their use typically requires significant system- and network-related domain knowledge that most application users lack, and in many cases users may even not be aware of their existence. By leveraging the functionalities of an existing data movement advising utility, we propose a new Workflow-based Intelligent Network Data Movement Advisor (WINDMA) with end-to-end performance optimization. WINDMA integrates three major components: resource discovery, data movement, and status monitoring, and supports the sharing of common data movement workflows through account and database management. This system provides a web interface and interacts with existing data/space management and discovery services such as Storage Resource Management, transport methods such as GridFTP and GlobusOnline, and network resource provisioning brokers such as ION and OSCARS. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed transport-support WINDMA system in several use cases based on its implementation and deployment in wide-area networks.
A scalable system for 3D audio ray tracing (2003)

Though several approaches in sound processing are denoted as 3D audio very few of them generate high quality 3D audio information which allows listeners to exactly locate sound sources in three dimensional space. We present an approach to enhance sound by high quality 3D audio information through acoustic ray tracing where 3D audio is offline processed with digital filters of a head-related transfer function. The basic approach computes a fixed sound source for fixed listener. This approach is extended to generate 3D audio for moving listeners in interactive environments.
Nonlinear Stability Analysis of a Composite Girder Cable-Stayed Bridge with Three Pylons during Construction (2015)

Based on the nonlinear stability analysis method, the 3D nonlinear finite element model of a composite girder cable-stayed bridge with three pylons is established to research the effect of factors including geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, static wind load, and unbalanced construction load on the structural stability during construction. Besides, the structural nonlinear stability in different construction schemes and the determination of temporary pier position are also studied. The nonlinear stability safety factors are calculated to demonstrate the rationality and safety of construction schemes. The results show that the nonlinear stability safety factors of this bridge during construction meet the design requirement and the minimum value occurs in the maximum double cantilever stage. Besides, the nonlinear stability of the structure in the side of edge-pylon meets the design requirement in the two construction schemes. Furthermore, the temporary pier can improve the structure stability, effectively, and the actual position is reasonable. In addition, the local buckling of steel girder occurs earlier than overall instability under load in some cable tension stages. Finally, static wind load and the unbalanced construction load should be considered in the stability analysis for the adverse impact.
Three independent lines of evidence suggest retinoids as causal to schizophrenia (1998)

Retinoid dysregulation may be an important factor in the etiology of schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by three independent lines of evidence that triangulate on retinoid involvement in schizophrenia: (i) congenital anomalies similar to those caused by retinoid dysfunction are found in schizophrenics and their relatives; (ii) those loci that have been suggestively linked to schizophrenia are also the loci of the genes of the retinoid cascade (convergent loci); and (iii) the transcriptional activation of the dopamine D2 receptor and numerous schizophrenia candidate genes is regulated by retinoic acid. These findings suggest a close causal relationship between retinoids and the underlying pathophysiological defects in schizophrenia. This leads to specific strategies for linkage analyses in schizophrenia. In view of the heterodimeric nature of the retinoid nuclear receptor transcription factors, e.g., retinoid X receptor beta at chromosome 6p21.3 and retinoic acid receptor beta at 3p24.3, two-locus linkage models incorporating genes of the retinoid cascade and their heterodimeric partners, e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha at chromosome 22q12-q13 or nuclear-related receptor 1 at chromosome 2q22-q23, are proposed. New treatment modalities using retinoid analogs to alter the downstream expression of the dopamine receptors and other genes that are targets of retinoid regulation, and that are thought to be involved in schizophrenia, are suggested.
Primary aldosteronism: an update on screening, diagnosis and treatment (2008)

The identification of a curable form of primary aldosteronism can be much rewarding for the patient and the doctor. Thus, an aggressive diagnostic approach is mandatory at least in some subgroups of hypertensive patients who are at higher prior risk of primary aldosteronism or can benefit more from an accurate diagnosis.
DNA sequence variation of mitochondrial large-subunit rRNA provides support for a two-subclass organization of the Anthozoa (Cnidaria). (1996)

We have sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from 29 species of Anthozoa, representing six orders of the subclasses Ceriantipatharia, Hexacorallia, and Octocorallia, with the focus on deep-seamount corals (> 500-m depth). We have detected significant length variation in the gene, with homologous gene fragments ranging from 545 bp in a shallow-water scleractinian coral to 911 bp in a deep-sea antipatharian black coral. The aligned sequences were divided into five regions: three high-identity sequence blocks (HSBs) and two highly variable blocks of insertions/deletions (INDELs). Most of the length variation among species occurred as varying numbers of nucleotides in the two INDELs. Little or no intraspecific sequence variation was detected over spatial scales of up to approximately 150 km. Interspecific sequence variation was lowest among the octocorals and greatest among the ceriantipatharians. Our data indicate that the orders Ceriantharia and Antipatharia are highly divergent, and a phylogenetic reconstruction provides support for the two-subclass system of the class Anthozoa (Hexacorallia and Octocorallia).
A Personal Dead Reckoning Module (1997)

Point Research Corporation of Santa Ana, CA has
developed a new lightweight miniature Dead Reckoning
Module (DRM) for drift-free navigation by personnel on
foot. The traditional compass and pace-count dead
reckoning navigation has been replaced by a continuous
hands-free module. An internal solid-state 3 dimensional
compass provides a robust tilt-corrected heading. We
automate step counting with an electronic pedometer. The
pager-sized module also includes a barometric altimeter.
The module reports data, and is controlled via bi-directional
RS-232 serial interface. A second serial port
on the module may be connected to a GPS receiver.
When GPS is available, the module will blend the data
with DR using a Kalman filter. It provides a seamless
navigation solution through many buildings, in canyons,
or other areas where the GPS signal is compromised. The
DRM is protected under U.S. patent number 5,583,776.
Role of p38 MAP Kinase Signal Transduction in Solid Tumors (2013)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has been implicated in a wide range of complex biologic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, cell migration, and invasion. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK levels in patients are associated with advanced stages and short survival in cancer patients (e.g., prostate, breast, bladder, liver, and lung cancer). p38 MAPK plays a dual role as a regulator of cell death, and it can either mediate cell survival or cell death depending not only on the type of stimulus but also in a cell type specific manner. In addition to modulating cell survival, an essential role of p38 MAPK in modulation of cell migration and invasion offers a distinct opportunity to target this pathway with respect to tumor metastasis. The specific function of p38 MAPK appears to depend not only on the cell type but also on the stimuli and/or the isoform that is activated. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated in response to diverse stimuli and mediates its function by components downstream of p38. Extrapolation of the knowledge gained from laboratory findings is essential to address the clinical significance of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent progress made in defining the functions of p38 MAPK pathways with respect to solid tumor biology and generate testable hypothesis with respect to the role of p38 MAPK as an attractive target for intervention of solid tumors.
增加回旋行波放大器带宽的一种新方法 (2000)

提出了一种增加回旋行波放大器带宽的新模型,其特点是适当地选取轴向引导磁场的初值并从相互作用区的给定位置开始使其缓慢地线性减小.该模型的输出带宽可达到已有宽带模型的水平,但效率有较大提高.对波束相互作用的物理机制进行了理论分析并用数值模拟的方法进行了证实.当电子束的电流为7A,电压为90kV,速率比为10,纵向动量散度为2%时,计算得到了20%的常数驱动带宽和42%的效率,输出的峰值功率和增益分别为260kW和47dB.
The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits (2003)

This book, first published in 2004, is an expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Tom Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits. A new chapter on the principles of wireless systems provides a bridge between system and circuit issues. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs, including a GPS receiver and a wireless LAN transceiver, that bring together the theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. Every section has been revised and updated with findings in the field and the book is packed with physical insights and design tips, and includes a historical overview that sets the whole field in context. With hundreds of circuit diagrams and homework problems this is an ideal textbook for students taking courses on RF design and a valuable reference for practising engineers.
The PDMS-based microfluidic channel fabricated by synchrotron radiation stimulated etching (2010)

Micro pattern on PDMS surface has been achieved by using synchrotron radiation (SR) stimulated etching. The experimental results indicated that SR stimulated etching has many advantages, such as extremely high etching rate (as large as 40-50 mum per 10 min), area-selectivity and anisotropy at room temperature, high spatial resolution. Combining the SR stimulated etching with photolithography, a PDMS-based microfluidic channel was obtained. The aim of this work is to develop a three-dimensional microfluidic channel with a special through hole, which is beneficial for cell differentiation, functionality and longevity and cannot be fabricated by conventional direct tooling techniques.
Complexes of ferrous iron with tannic acid (1960)

Analytical procedures__________________________________________ Chemical reactions in test solutions._____________________________ No tannic acid____________________
A jitter suppression technique for a 2.48832 Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit (2002)

This paper describes a jitter suppression technique for a 2.48832 Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit that uses a phase-locked loop (PLL). This technique improves both the jitter generation and the jitter transfer function. The jitter generation can be suppressed by boosting the loop gain in PLL. A suitable jitter transfer function and jitter tolerance can be achieved by optimizing the characteristics of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter. The fabricated circuit had a low jitter generation (about 2.4 mUI rms) and a low jitter transfer function cutoff frequency (about 500 kHz) by using a SAW filter with a center frequency (f/sub c/) of 622.08 MHz. The jitter generations are within f/sub c/ mUI rms for the temperature range between 0/spl deg/C to 90/spl deg/C. The circuit passes the jitter tolerance specification in ITU-T recommendation G.958 by more than 30%.
Generating Realistic <i>In Silico</i> Gene Networks for Performance Assessment of Reverse Engineering Methods (2009)

Reverse engineering methods are typically first tested on simulated data from in silico networks, for systematic and efficient performance assessment, before an application to real biological networks. In this paper, we present a method for generating biologically plausible in silico networks, which allow realistic performance assessment of network inference algorithms. Instead of using random graph models, which are known to only partly capture the structural properties of biological networks, we generate network structures by extracting modules from known biological interaction networks. Using the yeast transcriptional regulatory network as a test case, we show that extracted modules have a biologically plausible connectivity because they preserve functional and structural properties of the original network. Our method was selected to generate the "gold standard" networks for the gene network reverse engineering challenge of the third DREAM conference (Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods 2008, Cambridge, MA).
Can rash associated with HER1/EGFR inhibition be used as a marker of treatment outcome? (2003)

Rash is a class effect of HER1/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted agents, and has occurred with high frequency and in a dose-dependent manner in clinical trials of these agents in cancer patients. Analysis of phase II trials of erlotinib (Tarceva) in non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and ovarian cancer shows a significant association between rash severity and objective tumor response. Rash severity was highly significantly associated with survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving erlotinib; median survival in patients with no rash was 46.5 days, compared with 257 days in those with grade 1 rash (P < .0001) and 597 days in those with grade 2/3 rash (P < .0001). Similarly, for the combined non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and ovarian cancer studies, median survival in patients with no rash was 103 days, compared with 191 days in those with grade 1 rash (P = .0001) and 266 days in those with grade 2/3/4 rash (P = .0001). Similar findings have been made with cetuximab (Erbitux) and in some settings with gefitinib (Iressa). The strong association of rash severity with response/survival suggests that rash may serve as a marker of response to erlotinib treatment and may be used to guide treatment to obtain optimal response. Dosing erlotinib at the maximum tolerated dose, which is associated with more frequent and more severe rash, may improve response rates and survival durations. Further study of the potentially important association between rash and outcome of treatment with EGFR-targeted agents is needed.
Le probabilisme comme stratégie de compréhension interculturelle dans le Pérou colonial (2011)

L’objet de cet article est de déterminer la place occupée par le probabilisme dans la construction de la morale publique au Pérou. Pour cela, nous soutenons les thèses suivantes : (1) le probabilisme jésuite a été, au Pérou, la stratégie la plus efficiente pour faire émerger une « morale négociée » entre les prétentions universalistes de la culture européenne et les particularismes des modes de vie locaux ; (2) qu’au travers de cette tentative s’est constitué un système moral qui a permis la compréhension interculturelle en transférant les jugements moraux du champ de la théorie (explication causale et nomologique) à celui de l’opinion (explication des raisons et circonstances), c’est-à-dire que, faute de certitude, il fallait décider en se basant sur la probabilité de l’opinion ; et (3) que dans cet effort pour parvenir à la compréhension entre les catégories hispanique et andine s’est finalement créée une nouvelle culture qui caractérise la vie au Pérou où curieusement se combinent l’autoritarisme hiérarchique et le laxisme bureaucratique, la rébellion et la servitude, l’exclusion et l’appartenance à l’ordre, le chaos le plus imprévisible et l’obstruction à tout changement qui permettrait la fondation d’une modernité homogène. Notre argumentation se cantonnera à la dimension philosophique du débat sur le probabilisme au Pérou, comme une position qui a nourri les réflexions de l'élite péruvienne.
A simple, reliable technique for making electrical contact to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (1999)

A simple method of making reliable electrical contact to multiwalled carbon nanotubes is described. With these contacts, current in the mA range can be routinely passed through individual multiwalled nanotubes without adverse consequences, thus allowing their resistance to be measured using a common multimeter. The contacts are robust enough to withstand temperature excursions between room temperature and 77 K. I(V) data from different multiwalled nanotubes are presented and analyzed.
Induction of Congenital Hydrocephalus with Mumps Virus in Rhesus Monkeys (1979)

Rhesus monkey fetuses were inoculated intracerebrally with wild-type mumps virus near the beginning of the last third of the gestation period. Within three days after inoculation, mumps virus was isolated from many fetal tissues. Thirteen animals receiving virus were delivered at term. Five of these showed slight to severe hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was most prominent in the posterior horns of the lateral ventricles, but other lesions occurred at various levels of the ventricular system. Virus was isolated from three animals at one day of age (two months after inoculation). However, mumps virus was not recovered from one-month-old monkeys. The recovery of mumps virus from newborn rhesus monkeys two months after inoculation suggests that attempts should be made to document similar persistence of the virus in humans. Furthermore, this model indicates that mumps virus infection in humans may result in hydrocephalus.
Production and function of cytokines in natural and acquired immunity to Candida albicans infection (1995)

Host resistance against infections caused by the yeast Candida albicans is mediated predominantly by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Antigens of Candida stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine synthesis, and in both humans and mice, these cytokines enhance the candidacidal functions of the phagocytic cells. In systemic candidiasis in mice, cytokine production has been found to be a function of the CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. The Th1 subset of these cells, characterized by the production of gamma interferon and interleukin-2, is associated with macrophage activation and enhanced resistance against reinfection, whereas the Th2 subset, which produces interleukins-4, -6, and -10, is linked to the development of chronic disease. However, other models have generated divergent data. Mucosal infection generally elicits Th1-type cytokine responses and protection from systemic challenge, and identification of cytokine mRNA present in infected tissues of mice that develop mild or severe lesions does not show pure Th1- or Th2-type responses. Furthermore, antigens of C. albicans, mannan in particular, can induce suppressor cells that modulate both specific and nonspecific cellular and humoral immune responses, and there is an emerging body of evidence that molecular mimicry may affect the efficiency of anti-Candida responses within defined genetic contexts.
Control of Minimally Processed Carrot (Daucus carota) Surface Discoloration Caused by Abrasion Peeling (1991)

ABSTRACT Abrasion peeling of carrots results in formation of a white lignin type material on the surface during storage. The degree of its formation was directly related to severity of abrasion during peeling. Dipping the peeled product for 30 seconds in a 70°C. Acidic or basic solution (citric acid or sodium hydroxide), retarded formation of the material. The low pH dip did not cause flavor changes.
Ligand effects on phase separation of multivalent macromolecules (2021)

Biomolecular condensates enable spatial and temporal control over cellular processes by concentrating biomolecules into nonstoichiometric assemblies. Many condensates form via reversible phase transitions of condensate-specific multivalent macromolecules known as scaffolds. Phase transitions of scaffolds can be regulated by changing the concentrations of ligands, which are defined as nonscaffold molecules that bind to specific sites on scaffolds. Here, we use theory and computation to uncover rules that underlie ligand-mediated control over scaffold phase behavior. We use the stickers-and-spacers model wherein reversible noncovalent cross-links among stickers drive phase transitions of scaffolds, and spacers modulate the driving forces for phase transitions. We find that the modulatory effects of ligands are governed by the valence of ligands, whether they bind directly to stickers versus spacers, and the relative affinities of ligand-scaffold versus scaffold-scaffold interactions. In general, all ligands have a diluting effect on the concentration of scaffolds within condensates. Whereas monovalent ligands destabilize condensates, multivalent ligands can stabilize condensates by binding directly to spacers or destabilize condensates by binding directly to stickers. Bipartite ligands that bind to stickers and spacers can alter the structural organization of scaffold molecules within condensates even when they have a null effect on condensate stability. Our work highlights the importance of measuring dilute phase concentrations of scaffolds as a function of ligand concentration in cells. This can reveal whether ligands modulate scaffold phase behavior by enabling or suppressing phase separation at endogenous levels, thereby regulating the formation and dissolution of condensates in vivo.