gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Annealed Dual Spin-valve Type Ferromagnetic Double Tunnel Junctions. (2001)

Exchange-biased dual spin-valve type magnetic double tunnel junctions (DSV-MTJs) of Ir-Mn/Co-Fe/AlOx/Co-Fe/AlOx/Co-Fe/Ir-Mn were annealed at 175-400°C. After annealing at 325°C, the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio and bias voltage Vh, at which the MR ratio is reduced by 50%, in the DSV-MTJs were greatly increased to 42% and 930 mV, respectively. After annealing above 325°C, the MR ratio and Vh decreased. This degradation of DSV-MTJs annealed above 325°C was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XPS spectra and TEM images showed that an AlOx/MnOx composite tunnel barrier was formed due to the diffusion of Mn through the Co-Fe layer and oxygen redistribution above 300°C. Taking into account the spin-independent two-step tunneling via defect states in the barrier, we considered that this AlOx/MnOx composite barrier leads to decreasing the MR ratio and Vh and increasing the tunnel resistance.
On-line texture analysis for flat products inspection. Neural nets implementation (2002)

This paper describes two texture-based implementations applied to quality assessment of flat products continuously produced (metal strips, wooden surfaces, cork, textile products, ...) where on-line inspection is demanded. Surface inspection implies analysis of surface appearance, a hard inspection task for image processing hardware where human-like inspection ability is required. A common feature to many of these products, which makes it difficult to achieve on-line automated visual inspection, is the presence of non-deterministic texture on their surfaces. Two main subjects are discussed: statistical techniques for both surface finishing determination and surface defect analysis as well as real-time implementation for on-line inspection in high-speed applications. For surface finishing determination different techniques are discussed and implementation of a gray level difference technique is presented to perform over low resolution images, that is, unzoomed images. Every incoming image is analyzed. Defect analysis is performed by means of statistical texture analysis over defective portions of the surface. On-line implementation of quality assessment is accomplished by means of neural networks. When a defect arises, textural analysis is applied which result in a data-vector, acting as input of a neural net, previously trained in a supervised way. This approach tries to attain on-line performance in automated visual inspection applications when texture is present in flat product surfaces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Involvement of Fas ligand and Fas-mediated pathway in the cytotoxicity of human natural killer cells (1996)

The cytotoxicity of NK cells has been thought to be mediated mainly by the perforin-dependent pathway. We investigated the involvement of Fas-mediated pathway in the killing activity of purified human CD3-, CD16+ NK cells. Fas ligand mRNA was expressed in freshly isolated NK cells. Apoptosis, which was identified by the fragmented chromatin in individual cells, was induced in the cells that expressed high levels of Fas via direct NK-to-target cell interaction or Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, even in Ca(2+)-free medium, in which perforin pores are known not to be formed. Apoptosis in both the presence and absence of external Ca2+ was inhibited by Fab of an anti-Fas mAb. Transfection of the Fas gene in target cells facilitated the induction of apoptosis, compared with the parental cell line. The function of the Fas-mediated pathway in the coexistence of the perforin-dependent pathway was examined in 10 cell lines expressing different levels of Fas by Ca2+ imaging and morphologic observation of single cells. With a certain boundary level, low or high levels of Fas expression in target cells were correlated to a great degree with either acute necrosis due to severe membrane damage after NK-target cell contact or apoptosis at a later period, respectively. We concluded that Fas ligand/Fas interaction is present and plays a significant role in the human NK cell-induced apoptosis.
Ratsnake: A Versatile Image Annotation Tool with Application to Computer-Aided Diagnosis (2014)

Image segmentation and annotation are key components of image-based medical computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. In this paper we present Ratsnake, a publicly available generic image annotation tool providing annotation efficiency, semantic awareness, versatility, and extensibility, features that can be exploited to transform it into an effective CAD system. In order to demonstrate this unique capability, we present its novel application for the evaluation and quantification of salient objects and structures of interest in kidney biopsy images. Accurate annotation identifying and quantifying such structures in microscopy images can provide an estimation of pathogenesis in obstructive nephropathy, which is a rather common disease with severe implication in children and infants. However a tool for detecting and quantifying the disease is not yet available. A machine learning-based approach, which utilizes prior domain knowledge and textural image features, is considered for the generation of an image force field customizing the presented tool for automatic evaluation of kidney biopsy images. The experimental evaluation of the proposed application of Ratsnake demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness and promises its wide applicability across a variety of medical imaging domains.
Pneumatically actuated microvalve circuits for programmable automation of chemical and biochemical analysis (2016)

Programmable microfluidic platforms (PMPs) are enabling significant advances in the utility of microfluidics for chemical and biochemical analysis. Traditional microfluidic devices are analogous to application-specific devices--a new device is needed to implement each new chemical or biochemical assay. PMPs are analogous to digital electronic processors--all that is needed to implement a new assay is a change in the order of operations conducted by the device. In this review, we introduce PMPs based on normally-closed microvalves. We discuss recent applications of PMPs in diverse fields including genetic analysis, antibody-based biomarker analysis, and chemical analysis in planetary exploration. Prospects, challenges, and future concepts for this emerging technology will also be presented.
A powerful and efficient set test for genetic markers that handles confounders (2013)

A Python-based library implementing our approach is available at http://mscompbio.codeplex.com.
Mechanism of cell death in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: a clinico‐pathologic‐biomarker study (2015)

The results of this study suggest that hepatocyte apoptosis is the predominant mode of cell death in ACLF, which can be identified in the peripheral blood. Further studies are required to validate our findings and to determine whether M30 can be used as a biomarker of apoptosis or as a target for therapy.
Application of Radio Frequency Controlled Intelligent Military Robot in Defense (2011)

In the present paper the authors tried to explore how a radio frequency controlled robot can be used in defense and in real war field. The military robot will be able to substitute the real human soldier in the battle field. The authors have tried to explore how a military robot will function. The military robot has a two barrel gun turret through which bullets can be fired. It has two cameras in synchronization with the turret which can rotate up and down, left and right up to a safe firing limit. Both the gun turret and the cameras are enclosed within a hemispherical shell which serves as a shield and assists and enables their motion. The robot vehicle can move like a tank, turning to any angle on its axis, moving forward and reverse turning left and right, running instantly into reverse direction using the same steering mechanism as present in tanks. The robot is radio operated, self powered, has back tracking facility, in case of loss of connection from the base station. A pair of guns has been installed on it, so that it can fire on enemies remotely when required. To aim the guns and view the road and the surroundings in which the robot is traveling, wireless cameras are installed on different sides of the robot for different vantage points. Wireless cameras will send back real time video and audio inputs which can be seen on a remote monitor in the base station from where the robot is being controlled and action can be taken accordingly. The robot can be controlled from a base station by means of radio frequency. It also has the ability to re-establish contact with the base station in case of a signal failure by retracing its path back for some distance. It can silently enter into an enemy area and send us all the information through its camera eyes. It is designed for fighting, reconnaissance as well as suicide attacks under certain circumstances.
Screening and Evaluation of Anti-respiratory Syncytial Virus Compounds in Cultured Cells (2013)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious pathogen that infects mainly ciliated cells of respiratory epithelium and type 1 pneumocytes in the alveoli frequently causing serious respiratory disease in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised patients. At present, prevention/treatment of RSV infection is limited to the use of specific anti-RSV antibody or an aerosol formulation of ribavirin, a drug of suboptimal efficacy and low safety profile. There is an urgent need for development of novel anti-RSV drugs and virucides. Here we describe the cell culture-based methods used in our laboratory in identification of novel inhibitors of RSV including the P13 fusion inhibitor, and the PG545 virucide. Protocols for antiviral screening, evaluation of anti-RSV potency, and elucidation of mode of antiviral activity of test compounds are described.
High efficiency power amplifier based on envelope elimination and restoration technique (2010)

Due to complex envelope and phase modulation employed in modern transmitters it is necessary to use power amplifiers that have high linearity. Linear power amplifiers (classes A, B and AB) are commonly used, but they suffer from low efficiency especially if the transmitted signal has high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Kahn's technique based on envelope elimination and restoration (EER) is based on idea that high efficiency power supply (envelope amplifier) could be used to modulate the envelope of high efficient non linear power amplifiers (classes D or E). This paper presents solutions for power amplifier that performs envelope modulation and class E amplifier that is used as a non linear amplifier. The envelope amplifier is implemented as a multilevel converter in series with linear regulator and can provide up to 100 W of instantaneous power and reproduce 2 MHz sine wave. The implemented Class E amplifier can operate at 120 MHz with efficiency near to 85%. The envelope amplifier and class E amplifier have been integrated and efficiency and linearity of the implemented transmitter has been measured and presented.
Spherical wave near-field imaging and radar cross-section measurement (1998)

The paper presents a new inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) algorithm intended for radar cross-section (RCS) imaging and measurement from scattered fields. The method, based on a spherical-wave near-field illumination of the target, overcomes the requirement for an expensive compact range facility to produce a plane wave illumination. The formulation and the implementation of the algorithm are described. Some experimental results obtained in an anechoic chamber are presented to show RCS results similar to the conventional plane wave methods.
Overview and new trends in technology bricks for reliability enhancement in future wide band gap power converters for More Electrical Aircraft (MEA) and More Electrical Propulsion (MEP) systems (2019)

This paper gives a general overview of the main technology bricks proposed for Wide Band Gap (WBG) power converters to face the challenges in the aerospace field recently introduced by the concepts of More Electrical Aircraft (MEA) and More Electrical Propulsion (MEP). The integration of more electrical power in the aerospace systems represents a key change in the development of future aircrafts. In this work, a transversal understanding of the present technology limits and enhancements is offered. The study is aimed at providing a real picture of the state-of-the-art of the already available products that can be implemented in the future aerospace architectures as well as at giving new prospective for extending further the present boundaries. Recent cutting-edge technologies are listed together with safety measures that should be taken into account when these new components are integrated together.
Direct correlation between ferrite microstructure and electrical resistivity (2007)

Variations in the composition and microstructure of Mn-Zn soft ferrites have been directly correlated with spatial variations in electrical resistivity, which were both observed to occur on a length scale of approximately 500 μm. Tomographic energy dispersive diffraction imaging (TEDDI) was used to determine the nonsystematic change in the lattice parameter across the sample volume (8.48±0.05 Å) at a spatial resolution of 50 μm. We have used a microprobe contact technique to measure the local electrical resistivity (∼35 Ω cm) and density functional theory to model the band structure. The band structure calculations directly utilized the experimentally measured lattice parameters from the TEDDI measurements and were in good agreement with the measured resistivity. The mean band gap shrinkage was found to be 0.02 eV. This value for Eg was found to account well for the observed 10−20 Ω cm resistivity variations.
Effects of melatonin implants in ewe lambs (1984)

Sixteen pinealectomized and 19 unoperated ewes were exposed to constant light for about 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after lambing. Five ewe lambs born to pinealectomized ewes were implanted s.c. with melatonin sachets and 6 ewe lambs implanted with empty sachets. The 6 ewe lambs born to unoperated dams received empty implants. Ewes and lambs were then returned to the field. Puberty (determined by weekly progesterone analysis) was significantly delayed (P less than 0.05) in 4 of the 5 melatonin-treated ewe lambs; mean pubertal age of ewes with empty implants was 44 weeks of age compared to 45, 63, 72, greater than 72, greater than 72 weeks of age for the melatonin-treated animals. Prolactin levels were decreased in the ewes with empty implants in autumn, coincident with the period of cyclic ovarian activity. No significant decrease in prolactin was observed in autumn in melatonin-treated lambs. Growth was not affected by melatonin treatment. These results indicate a role of the pineal gland and melatonin in the control of puberty in sheep.
Plant Homeodomain Protein Involved in Transcriptional Regulation of a Pathogen Defense-Related Gene (1994)

Ursula Korfhage, Giampiero F. Trezzini, Iris Meier, Klaus Hahlbrock, Imre E. Somssich, Plant Homeodomain Protein Involved in Transcriptional Regulation of a Pathogen Defense-Related Gene, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 5 (May, 1994), pp. 695-708
An improved hypothetical reference decoder for HEVC (2013)

Hypothetical Reference Decoder is a hypothetical decoder model that specifies constraints on the variability of conforming network abstraction layer unit streams or conforming byte streams that an encoding process may produce. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) builds upon and improves the design of the generalized hypothetical reference decoder of H.264/ AVC. This paper describes some of the main improvements of hypothetical reference decoder of HEVC.
Distributed Cooperative Control of DC Microgrids (2014)

A cooperative control paradigm is used to establish a distributed secondary/primary control framework for dc microgrids. The conventional secondary control, that adjusts the voltage set point for the local droop mechanism, is replaced by a voltage regulator and a current regulator. A noise-resilient voltage observer is introduced that uses neighbors' data to estimate the average voltage across the microgrid. The voltage regulator processes this estimation and generates a voltage correction term to adjust the local voltage set point. This adjustment maintains the microgrid voltage level as desired by the tertiary control. The current regulator compares the local per-unit current of each converter with the neighbors' and, accordingly, provides a second voltage correction term to synchronize per-unit currents and, thus, provide proportional load sharing. The proposed controller precisely handles the transmission line impedances. The controller on each converter communicates with only its neighbor converters on a communication graph. The graph is a sparse network of communication links spanned across the microgrid to facilitate data exchange. The global dynamic model of the microgrid is derived, and design guidelines are provided to tune the system's dynamic response. A low-voltage dc microgrid prototype is set up, where the controller performance, noise resiliency, link-failure resiliency, and the plug-and-play capability features are successfully verified.
High-precision orientation and skew detection for texts in scanned documents (2009)

This paper describes an approach towards an orientation and skew detection for texts in scanned documents. Before using OCR systems to obtain character information from images, a preprocessing stage, comprising a number of adjustments, has to be performed in order to obtain accurate results. One important operation that has to be considered is the skew correction, or deskewing, of the image, a fault that arises from an incorrect scanning process. This paper presents an iterative method for detecting the text orientation and skew angle, method based on histogram processing.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Derivatives of 3‐Deoxy‐D‐glycero‐D‐galacto‐non‐2‐ulosonic Acid ( KDN). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Protection of <i>Cftr</i> knockout mice from acute lung infection by a helper-dependent adenoviral vector expressing <i>Cftr</i> in airway epithelia (2003)

We developed a helper-dependent adenoviral vector for cystic fibrosis lung gene therapy. The vector expresses cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) using control elements from cytokeratin 18. The vector expressed properly localized CFTR in cultured cells and in the airway epithelia of mice. Cftr RNA and protein were present in whole lung and bronchioles, respectively, for 28 days after a vector dose. Acute inflammation was minimal to moderate. To test the therapeutic potential of the vector, we challenged mice with a clinical strain of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). Cftr knockout mice (but not Cftr+/+ littermates) challenged with Bcc developed severe lung histopathology and had high lung bacteria counts. Cftr knockout mice receiving gene therapy 7 days before Bcc challenge had less severe histopathology, and the number of lung bacteria was reduced to the level seen in Cftr+/+ littermates. These data suggest that gene therapy could benefit cystic fibrosis patients by reducing susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens.
A 2-D Global Scan Matching Method using Euclidean Invariant Signature (2007)

This paper presents a new scan matching method for mobile robot localization and mapping. The proposed method utilizes Euclidean invariant features in order to match an input scan with a reference scan using no initial alignment. This method is capable of global scan matching in environments having curved objects. Experimental results show that our method successfully performed map building and global scan matching in a large environment (corridor) and a complex-shape environment (room) .
Photoinduced electron transfer between styrylanthracenes and electron donors and acceptors in acetonitrile (1992)

The decay pathways of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (1trans* and 3trans*) of trans-n-styrylanthracenes (n-StA, where n= 1, 2 or 9 on the anthracene) have been studied in acetonitrile at room temperature. Fluorescence lifetimes (τF) and quantum yields (ϕF), as well as the yield and spectral and kinetic properties of the lowest triplet state of the three StAs, were determined by steady-state and transient techniques. The formation and the decay of the respective StA radical cations (trans˙+) were observed by laser flash photolysis; the yield of photoionization is ca. 0.07 on 353 nm excitation and is enhanced by fluorescence quenching with 1,4-dicyanobenzene. The formation and decay of the StA radical anions (trans˙–) in the presence of diethylaniline (DEA) is concluded from transient conductivity (Δκ) and optical results. DEA significantly enhances the yield of trans˙– and the initial amplitude of Δκ and correspondingly quenches ϕF. The bimolecular interaction between 1trans* and 4-bromodimethylaniline enhances the triplet population.
Transactional In-Page Logging for multiversion read consistency and recovery (2011)

Recently, a new buffer and storage management strategy called In-Page Logging (IPL) has been proposed for database systems based on flash memory. Its main objective is to overcome the limitations of flash memory such as erase-before-write and asymmetric read/write speeds by storing changes made to a data page in a form of log records without overwriting the data page itself. Since it maintains a series of changes made to a data page separately from the original data page until they are merged, the IPL scheme provides unique opportunities to design light-weight transactional support for database systems. In this paper, we propose the transactional IPL (TIPL) scheme that takes advantage of the IPL log records to support multiversion read consistency and light-weight database recovery. Due to the dual use of IPL log records, namely, for snapshot isolation and fast recovery as well as flash-aware write optimization, TIPL achieves transactional support for flash memory database systems that minimizes the space and time overhead during normal database processing and shortens the database recovery time.