gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction in detecting prostate cancer cells in bone marrow. (1994)

Occult micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry have prognostic significance in patients with localized breast cancer. To determine the usefulness of this technique and of polymerase chain reaction in detecting occult prostate cancer, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction amplification of mRNA to detect prostate cancer cells in bone marrow samples. We used cells from an established prostate cancer cell line (LNCAP) mixed with lymphocytes at various dilutions from 10(5) cancer cells in 10(6) lymphocytes to 1:10(6). Both techniques had a 100% specificity and identified cancer cells at all dilutions. Polymerase chain reaction was more sensitive than immunohistochemistry at the lowest dilutions (10(-5) and 10(-6), p = 0.033). We have evaluated seven patients with prostate cancer for micrometastases. Both of the patients with known metastatic prostate cancer and one of the five patients with clinically localized tumors had micrometastases. Detection of micrometastases may be useful in the staging of prostate cancer.
Measurement of Poverty-A Note (1981)

﻿Measurement of Poverty A Note V K R V Rao I AM grateful to V M Dandekar for resurrecting the paper I had presented at the International Statistical Conference in 1977 in the course of his Kale Memorial Lecture on 'Measurement of Poverty' published in the July 25.
Evaporative Cooling and Heat Transfer Augmentation Related to Reduced Condenser Temperatures (1982)

In recent articles evaporative cooling has proved to be the utmost air-side heat transfer augmentation. This kind of augmentation, when applied to steam condensers in power plants or to refrigerants in air conditioner systems, results in a lowering of the condensing temperature, even below ambient levels. This yields a remarkable increase of thermodynamic efficiencies of both processes and, therefore, a reduction of energy consumption. The combined heat and mass transfer processes in an evaporatively cooled device are very complex, due to the vast numbers of parameters which must be considered. Previous studies have assumed it impossible to perform any analysis unless many simplifying assumptions are made. The present article indicates that analysis can be performed where none of the assumptions originally used by Merkel are made. It is demonstrated by experiments that plate-fin tube and bare tube condenser performances can be predicted reliably. The insensitivity of the analysis to geometric design eliminates the need for extensive model tests and for production of correction and design factors for the design of evaporative condensers.
Properties of Modified Tryptophans in a Membrane- Spanning Channel (2002)

An emerging concept in biology assigns the amino acid tryptophan specific roles at the membrane/water interface that help to determine the conformation and biological function of membrane-spanning proteins. Previous studies involving the antibiotic model system gramicidin A (gA) have illustrated the importance of the indole ring of tryptophan (Trp) in anchoring proteins to a bilayer membrane and promoting ionic currents. To further investigate these phenomena, derivatives of Trp that have lost hydrogen-bonding ability (1-methyl-Trp ), have an altered dipole moment (7-aza-Trp), or both (1-methyl-7-azaTrp) were chosen for incorporation into gA. Gramicidin analogues that incorporate these modified Trps were then analyzed by single channel experiments. In addition, methods were developed for the selective exchange of indole hydrogen with deuterium (a heavy isotope of hydrogen, 2 H) using a Raney nickel catalyst. The 2 H labels enable determinations of the orientation of each Trp indole ring with respect to the membrane surface using solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopy. The last method 1 pursued involves the application of ab initio molecular modeling programs to calculate the side-chain dipole moments of Trp, 1-methyl-Trp, 7-aza-Trp, and 7-aza-1-methyl-Trp. Therefore, this project combines both experimental and theoretical aspects of scientific research. Results from the single-channel experiments of [7-azaTrp 1 and [7-aza-1-methyl-Trp 1 gA analogues indicate that there is a positive correlation between channel conductance and the magnitude of the side chain dipole moments. A new methodology involving a Raney nickel catalyst was also successfully developed that allows for -75% of7-aza-Trp 's sixth hydrogen to exchange with deuterium. In addition to these experimental results, the ab initio program PQS was used to generate theoretical predictions of Trp side chain dipoles that were comparable to experimentally determine dipoles, and that allowed for the calculation of 1- methyl-Trp's side chain dipole. Beyond the immediate results, the more general implication of this project is the fundamental knowledge gained concerning the interactions of Trp with other amino acids, water, and lipids. These studies will contribute to a better understanding of folded proteins- especially those that span biological membranes.
High-power figure-of-eight fiber laser with passive sub-ring loops for repetition rate control (2006)

The operation of an erbium figure-of-eight all-fiber laser with a fundamental repetition rate of 5.68 MHz, peak power of 0.7 kW and pulse width of 420 fs is reported. Four times the fundamental repetition rate is achieved with two passive sub-ring loops at a repetition rate of 22.8 MHz. The sub-ring loop consists of only a single-mode fiber coupler with an input port and output port connected so as to make the time delay an odd multiple half-period of the input pulse period. This method is simple and inexpensive when compared with conventional methods employing sub-ring cavity or special fiber Bragg grating to control repetition rate.
Carrier Synchronizer for Coherent Detection of High-Speed Four-Phase-Shift-Keyed Signals (1972)

In a high-speed digital radio relay system with four-phase-shift keying and coherent detection, it is very important to realize an accurate, stable, and wide-band carrier synchronizer. In this paper, the influence of time delay causing trouble for the wide-band synchronizer realization is analyzed. Then the design procedure of this synchronizer is described. Finally, the realizability of such a synchronizer is proved by the experimental results at a 1.7-GHz intermediate frequency and a 200-MHz clock frequency.
Role of the pair of internal and external donors in magnesium chloride-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of the pair of internal and external donors in magnesium chloride-supported Ziegler-Natta catalystsMaria Carmela Sacchi, Incoronata Tritto, Chengji Shan, Raniero Mendichi, and Luciano NoristiCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 26, 6823–6826Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00026a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00026a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Incidence of bone metastases in patients with solid tumors: analysis of oncology electronic medical records in the United States (2018)

These estimates of bone metastasis incidence represent the experience of a population with longer follow-up than previously published, and represent experience in the recent treatment landscape. Underestimation is possible given reliance on coded diagnoses but the clinical detail available in electronic medical records contributes to the accuracy of these estimates.
Spinal cord glia: new players in pain (2001)

Department of Psychology and the Center for Neurosciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-303-492-7034; fax: +1-303-492-2967 E-mail: [email protected] Submitted June 1, 2001; accepted June 12, 2001.
Optimization of ultrasound image quality via visual servoing (2015)

In this paper we propose a new ultrasound-based visual servoing framework, for the optimization of the positioning of an ultrasound probe manipulated by a robotic arm, in order to improve the quality of the acquired ultrasound images. To this end, we use the recent framework of ultrasound confidence map, which aims at estimating the perpixel quality of the ultrasound signal based on a model of sound propagation in soft tissues. More specifically, we treat the ultrasound confidence maps as a new modality to design a visual servoing control law for image quality optimization. The proposed framework aims at improving ultrasound imaging techniques, such as robotic tele-echography, target tracking or volume reconstruction. Here we illustrate our approach with the application of robotic tele-echography. Experiments are performed on both an ultrasound examination training phantom and ex vivo tissue samples.
A Review of Cases of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Children (2007)

小児の気管・気管支異物の23症例について，検討を行った。発症年齢は，2歳以下が16例で70%を占めた。男女比は1.9:1であった。異物内容では，X線透過性異物は19例で，ピーナッツが12例と最も多かった。非透過性異物は4例であった。1週間以上経過して摘出術を行った症例が8例(35%)あり，肉芽形成，その他の合併症がみられた。早期診断・摘出のために親向け・医家向けの啓発が必要と思われた。介在部位は，右気管支11名，左気管支11名，気管1名であった。胸部単純X線検査は全例に行われていたが，その他に，肺血流シンチグラフィが9例，CTは8例，MRIは4例で施行されていた。肺シンチグラフィ，CTは簡便に行え，診断精度向上にも有用と思われた。摘出前の，気管支ファイバースコープによる観察は，術後の声門下腫脹回避，喀痰除去，異物情報収集に役立つと思われた。摘出は，20例で硬性気管支鏡，3例で気管支ファイバースコープを用いた。異物摘出後も，肺炎その他の合併症による呼吸障害をきたすこともしばしばあり，耳鼻咽喉科など摘出担当科と小児科を中心としたチーム医療が必要と考える。
Spatial Zadoff-Chu Modulation for Rapid Beam Alignment in mmWave Phased Arrays (2018)

Compressed sensing (CS) algorithms can be used to perform beam alignment in mmWave phased arrays with fewer channel measurements by exploiting the sparsity of mmWave channels. Unfortunately, several efficient CS matrices cannot be realized in phased arrays due to hardware constraints. In this work, we propose to use shifted Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences in the antenna domain to realize efficient CS matrices for channel estimation or beam alignment. We prove that the shifted ZC-based CS matrix satisfies the restricted isometry property with high probability. Furthermore, CS algorithms that use the proposed training can exploit the fast Fourier transform and are computationally efficient over those that use pseudo-random phase shifts. Using simulations, we show that the proposed CS matrix achieves better beam alignment performance than the commonly used random phased shift-based CS matrices.
Greener Solvents: Room Temperature Ionic Liquids from Biorenewable Sources (2003)

Abstract Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have attracted a great deal of interest as environmentally benign (green) solvents for organic synthesis. More recently, RTILs that are chiral, less expensive, or functionalized (protic or Lewis basic) have been developed. In many cases, these new solvents are based on the modification of natural products. This paper is an overview of these new biorenewable RTILs.
Influence of pH and fluoride on properties of an oral strain of Lactobacillus casei grown in continuous culture (1985)

A freshly isolated oral strain, Lactobacillus casei RB1014, was grown in continuous culture to compare the effects of pH and fluoride on growth and metabolism. The cells were grown at pH 7.0 to 3.2 in the absence of fluoride and from pH 7.0 to 5.4 with 20 mM NaF. Cell numbers varied from 3 X 10(9) to 30 X 10(9)/ml on blood agar during alterations in the growth pH from 7.0 to 4.27. Only when the culture was stressed by lowering the pH to 3.2 were cell numbers drastically reduced. Cells growing at pH 7.0 without fluoride were unable to grow when plated on fluoride agar (10.5 mM) at pH 5.5; however, when the growth pH was allowed to decrease to 4.94, cells grew on the fluoride plates in numbers equal to those growing on blood agar. This fluoride tolerance trait appeared rapidly once pH control was removed and was lost when the culture was returned to pH 7.0. The addition of 20 mM NaF to the culture medium did not adversely affect growth, provided that the pH was maintained at 6.0 or above; cells tolerant to 10.5 and 16 mM NaF appeared on pH 5.5 plates during this phase. In cells removed from the chemostat throughout the experiment and incubated at the pH of growth in a pH stat, glycolytic activity was optimum at pH 5.5 in the absence of NaF. Fluoride stimulated glycolytic activity by cells incubated at pH 7.0 and by cells growing with 20 mM NaF, provided that the pH of growth remained at or above 6.0. A more detailed examination of the adaptation to fluoride tolerance during shifts to acidic pH values revealed that cells capable of growth on acidic fluoride agar plates appeared within 2 h of the start of the fall in pH of the chemostat culture. Estimation of the intracellular pH during the period of the initial pH fall revealed that the intracellular pH was identical to the extracellular pH (i.e., no pH gradient [delta pH]), indicating that fluoride would not be transported into the cells to inhibit metabolism. However, once the pH of the medium was stabilized, delta pHs were generated, with the delta pH increasing as the pH declined. The inhibition of glycolysis by fluoride increased in proportion to the delta pH. Cells grown at pH 5.5 generated larger delta pHs than did cells grown at pH 7.0, although the values were normally small (approximately 0.9 U). The data suggest that the inherent fluoride tolerance of L. casei RB1014 was associated with relatively small delta pHs.
Approximate Traveling Salesman Algorithms (1980)

There have been a multitude of heuristic algorithms proposed for the solution of large scale traveling salesman problems. Our intent in this paper is to examine some of these well known heuristics, to introduce some new heuristics, and to compare these approximate techniques on the basis of efficiency and accuracy. We emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm tested. One of our major conclusions is that it is not difficult to get within 2–3% of optimality using a composite heuristic which requires on the order of n 3 computations where n is the number of nodes in the network.
High-resolution phased array signal processing via dft beamspace tls-esprit with structure weighting (2004)

A new algorithm, DFT beamspace TLS-ESPRIT with structure weighting is presented. The proposed algorithm provides closed-form estimates of the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of signals impinging on a uniform linear array (ULA). DFT beamspace TLS-ESPRIT with structure weighting outperforms DFT beamspace TLS-ESPRIT in terms of estimation accuracy, mainly at small and mean values of SNR, and conserves the low computational complexity of the latter algorithm. Improvement of performance is conditioned by exploiting structure (row) weighting method. Distinctions in realization of structure weighting in beamspace as compared to element space are noted. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by computer simulation, verifying its statistical efficiency.
Cellular and temporal expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) isotypes after brain injury (2013)

This study illustrates the expression profiles of NOX isotypes in the brain after injury, and demonstrates that NOX2, and to a lesser extent, NOX4, may be responsible for the majority of oxidative stress observed acutely after traumatic brain injury. These data may provide insight into the design of future therapeutic approaches.
Data possibilities of DECT/GSM dual mode terminals (2002)

The standardization of the DECT data profiles and GSM phase 2+ data items are progressing in European Telecommunication Standardization Institute (ETSI). In this paper the description of the digital enhanced cordless telecommunication (DECT) and GSM data standardization situation as well as the relations between different DECT data standards are given. Also, the DECT/GSM dual mode terminal (DMT) options concentrating on data services and applications are discussed here.
High-speed force load in force measurement in liquid using scanning probe microscope (2012)

This article presents an inversion-based iterative feedforward-feedback (II-FF/FB) approach to achieve high-speed force load in force measurement of soft materials in liquid using scanning probe microscope (SPM). SPM force measurement under liquid environment is needed to interrogate a wide range of soft materials, particularly live biological samples. Moreover, when dynamic evolution of the sample occurs during the measurement, and/or measuring the rate-dependent viscoelasticity of the sample, the force measurement also needs to be acquired at high-speed. Precision force load in liquid, however, is challenged by adverse effects including the thermal drift effect, the reduction of the signal to noise ratio, the distributive hydrodynamic force effect, and the hysteresis and vibrational dynamics effects of the piezoelectric actuators (for positioning the probe relative to the sample), particularly during high-speed measurement. Thus, the main contribution of the article is the development of the II-FF/FB approach to tackle these challenges. The proposed method is illustrated through an experimental implementation to the force-curve measurement of a poly (dimethylsiloxane) sample in liquid at high-speed.
Panic Disorders (1982)

The overview article that follows reports the major ideas and data presented by the speakers and the symposium moderator, Richard I. Shader, MD, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry of the Tufts University School of Medicine and Psychiatrist-in-Chief at the New England Medical Center. Donald F. Klein, MD, Director of Research at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Professor of Psychiatry at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, gave an overview of the concepts and diagnosis of panic disorders. Lactate challenge testing, as it is currently being studied at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, was described by Michael R. Liebowitz, MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Director of the Anxiety Disorders Clinic at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Raymond R. Crowe, MD, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Iowa, outlined his and Dr. Russell Noyes' findings about the genetic aspects of panic disorders. David V. Sheehan, MD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and Director of the Hypnosis and Psychosomatic Medical Unit of the Massachusetts General Hospital, summarized the success and failure of various regimens used in their research protocols to treat panic disorders and also presented a tentative classification system for these disorders. He was followed by Bernard J. Carroll, MD, PhD, who compared the findings of the dexamethasone suppression test in anxious and depressed patients. Dr. Carroll is Professor of Psychiatry and Acting Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan. F. Andrew Gaffney, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Cardiology at the University of Texas Health Science Center (Dallas), described the mitral valve prolapse syndrome and its relationship to panic disorders. The pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs were reviewed briefly by David J. Greenblatt, MD, Professor of Psychiatry and Associate Professor of Medicine at the Tufts University School of Medicine and Chief of the Division of Clinical Pharmacology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine at the New England Medical Center.
Heterogeneous Electron-Transfer Kinetics for Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide and Ferrocene through Alkanethiol Mixed Monolayers on Gold Electrodes (2004)

The heterogeneous electron-transfer properties of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) were studied at self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified gold electrodes and compared to ferrocene-modified SAMs as a reference system. A modified form of FAD, N6-(2-aminoethyl)-FAD, was covalently immobilized onto a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAMs) formed by two series of alkanethiols (HS−(CH2)n−COOH with a diluent HS−(CH2)n−CH3 where n = 5, 7, 10, or 15 and HS−(CH2)n−COOH with a diluent HS−(CH2)n−CH2OH where n = 5, 7, 10, or 11). The electron-transfer (ET) rates followed an exponential decay with the increasing thickness of the SAM (ket = A exp(−βn); n = number of bonds) with an attenuation factor (β) of 1.0 per bond for FAD with both diluents. Despite the similarity in β the apparent rate constant for electron transfer was 2 orders of magnitude greater with the alcohol-terminated diluent relative to the methyl-terminated SAM. In comparison the ferrocenyl SAMs also had β values of 1.0−1.2 per bond, depending on the composition of the diluent layer, with the apparent rate constant for electron transfer being significantly faster with the alcohol-terminated diluent layer. The reconstitution of apo-glucose oxidase (apo-GOx) onto a FAD-modified gold electrode was also carried out; however, no biocatalytic activity was observed. Based on the β value for the FAD-modified electrodes and the magnitude of the apparent rate of electron transfer, rate constants for direct electron transfer to glucose oxidase at carbon nanotube-modified electrodes and graphite electrodes suggest the enzyme has been partially denatured from its native configuration, thus bringing the redox-active center of the enzyme closer to the electrode and allowing appreciable ET to be observed.
Superhydrophilic Polyelectrolyte Brush Layers with Imparted Anti-Icing Properties: Effect of Counter ions (2014)

This work demonstrates the feasibility of superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brush coatings for anti-icing applications. Five different types of ionic and nonionic polymer brush coatings of 25-100 nm thickness were formed on glass substrates using silane chemistry for surface premodification followed by polymerization via the SI-ATRP route. The cationic [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride] and the anionic [poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate), poly(sodium methacrylate)] polyelectrolyte brushes were further exchanged with H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Ca2+, La3+, C16N+, F-, Cl-, BF4-, SO4(2-), and C12SO3- ions. By consecutive measurements of the strength of ice adhesion toward ion-incorporated polymer brushes on glass it was found that Li+ ions reduce ice adhesion by 40% at -18 °C and 70% at -10 °C. Ag+ ions reduce ice adhesion by 80% at -10 °C relative to unmodified glass. In general, superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit better anti-icing property at -10 °C compared to partially hydrophobic brushes such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and surfactant exchanged polyelectrolyte brushes. The data are interpreted using the concept of a quasi liquid layer (QLL) that is enhanced in the presence of highly hydrated ions at the interface. It is suggested that the ability of ions to coordinate water is directly related to the efficiency of a given anti-icing coating based on the polyelectrolyte brush concept.