gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of adaptive B-splines using CMAC neural networks (1989)

Summary form only given. Adaptive splines can be used to construct smooth approximations to unknown functions as data are received online. When the adaptive spline is multidimensional with a large number of knot points, the computational requirements of conventional implementations can limit the utility of an adaptive spline approach. Artificial neural networks have shown that multidimensional nonlinear functions can be learned from training data by adjusting the weights of simple neuron-like processing elements. It is shown that by formulating the problem using B-spline receptive field excitation functions the computational architecture of a CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) neural network is naturally suited for implementing adaptive splines and learning the spline coefficients. The use of B-spline receptive field excitation functions also enables higher order CMAC neural networks to be developed that can learn both functions and function derivatives. This ability coupled with the computational efficiency of a CMAC neural network will allow the real-time construction of multidimensional functions and their Jacobian matrices on traditional computing architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Unified Approach to Building and Controlling Spiking Attractor Networks (2005)

Extending work in Eliasmith and Anderson (2003), we employ a general framework to construct biologically plausible simulations of the three classes of attractor networks relevant for biological systems: static (point, line, ring, and plane) attractors, cyclic attractors, and chaotic attractors. We discuss these attractors in the context of the neural systems that they have been posited to help explain: eye control, working memory, and head direction; locomotion (specifically swimming); and olfaction, respectively. We then demonstrate how to introduce control into these models. The addition of control shows how attractor networks can be used as subsystems in larger neural systems, demonstrates how a much larger class of networks can be related to attractor networks, and makes it clear how attractor networks can be exploited for various information processing tasks in neurobiological systems.
<scp>ELP</scp>ylated haemagglutinins produced in tobacco plants induce potentially neutralizing antibodies against <scp>H5N</scp>1 viruses in mice (2013)

Summary Reducing the cost of vaccine production is a key priority for veterinary research, and the possibility of heterologously expressing antigen in plants provides a particularly attractive means of achieving this. Here, we report the expression of the avian influenza virus haemagglutinin ( AIV HA ) in tobacco, both as a monomer and as a trimer in its native and its ELP ylated form. We firstly presented evidence to produce stabilized trimers of soluble HA in plants. ELP ylation of these trimers does not influence the trimerization. Strong expression enhancement in planta caused by ELP ylation was demonstrated for trimerized H 5‐ ELP . ELP ylated trimers could be purified by a membrane‐based inverse transition cycling procedure with the potential of successful scale‐up. The trimeric form of AIV HA was found to enhance the HA ‐specific immune response compared with the monomeric form. Plant‐derived AIV HA trimers elicited potentially neutralizing antibodies interacting with both homologous virus‐like particles from plants and heterologous inactivated AIV . ELP ylation did not influence the functionality and the antigenicity of the stabilized H 5 trimers. These data allow further developments including scale‐up of production, purification and virus challenge experiments with the final goal to achieve suitable technologies for efficient avian flu vaccine production.
On the capacity of OFDM-based multi-antenna systems (2002)

We compute the capacity of wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based spatial multiplexing systems in delay spread environments. Introducing an abstract model to characterize the statistical properties of the space-time channel, we provide a Monte-Carlo method for estimating the capacity cumulative distribution function, expected capacity, and outage capacity for the case where the channel is unknown at the transmitter and perfectly known at the receiver. We study the influence of the propagation environment and system parameters on capacity, and we apply our method to spatial versions of standard channels taken from the GSM recommendations. This allows us to make statements about achievable data rates of OFDM-based spatial multiplexing systems operating in practical broadband propagation environments.
Speculative parallel simulation with an adaptive throttle scheme (1997)

Excessive rollback recoveries due to overoptimistic event execution in Time Warp simulators often degrade their runtime performance. This paper presents a two-sided throttling scheme to dynamically adjust the event execution speed of Time Warp simulators. The proposed throttle is based on a new concept called global progress window, which allows the individual simulation process to be positioned on a global time scale, thereby to accelerate or suspend their event execution. As each simulation process can be throttled to a steady state, excessive rollback recoveries due to causality errors can be avoided. To quantify the effect of rollbacks and for purpose of comparing different Time Warp implementations, we propose two new measures called RPE (number of Rollback events Per committed Event), and E (relative Effectiveness in reducing rollback overhead). Our implementation results show that the proposed throttle effectively regulates the proceeding of each simulation process, resulting in a significant reduction in rollback thrashing and elapsed time.
Prediction of Asphaltene Deposition During Production - Model description and Experimental Details (1995)

Abstract Asphaltene deposition can arise during normal production causing formation damage, precipitation in tubing, difficulties in wireline operations, stuck valves and lost production. Identifying which type of crudes will display this behaviour, prior to full production, enables the operator to make remedial plans. A short description of a thermodynamic model to predict the onset parameters (temperature, pressure) will be described along with the essential experimental data required as input for subsequent modelling studies. This will be supported via model validation from real field data from two of BPX's North Sea fields. A key conclusion of the findings is the ability to predict the deposition of asphaltenes downhole without the need for generating data from expensive single phase downhole samples.
Undo/Redo Operations in Complex Environments (2014)

During the past thirty years, several types of non-linear undo models have been presented, but almost none of them solves undoing and redoing actions in environments, where multiple history buffers are involved and when there are causal dependencies among separate actions. This paper describes a new model which allows a user to select any action from any history buffer. The key part of the model is a smart command design and an undo manager, which searches for dependencies and offers possible solutions to the user. The results are presented in the context of evolution-management framework called DaemonX.
Determination of the fat content of meat using nuclear magnetic resonance (1974)

Abstract A nuclear magnetic resonance method has been used to measure the fat content of lean meat and the accuracy assessed by comparison with standard chemical methods. There were linear relationships between the nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) fat content and those determined by two standard chemical methods; the residual standard deviations being 0.2 and 0.16% of the wet weight for total and extractable fat methods, respectively.
Immunogenicity of intrathecal plasmid gene delivery: cytokine release and effects on transgene expression (2009)

The data obtained in the present study indicate that plasmid immunogenicity may affect intrathecal plasmid gene therapy safety but not transgene expression in the CSF. Furthermore, the development of methods to prevent loss of plasmid via CSF flow out of the central nervous system through the injection hole and/or natural outflow routes may increase intrathecal plasmid gene delivery efficacy.
The yeast<i>SUF3</i>frameshift suppressor encodes a mutant glycine tRNA<sub>ccc</sub> (1988)

RNA-DNA hybridization and mutant rescue experiments indicated that pFW27, a clone of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SPT3 obtained from F. Winston (1), also carried the suf3 frameshift suppressor gene (2). suf3 lies approximately 1.5 kb 5' to SPT3 (3). The two genes are divergently transcribed. The sequence of the wild type suf3 gene and its surrounding sequences is shown below. The region from base
A Cloud-Based Signage Network System (2013)

This paper begins with a brief introduction of digital signage and information distribution system, and then proposed a new cloud-based wireless signage network system, and described designing process of the system. Finally, it gave out the future prospects of the application of the system.
Advanced photovoltaic power systems using tandem GaAs/GaSb concentrator modules (1992)

In 1989, Boeing announced the fabrication of a tandem gallium concentrator solar cell with an energy conversion efficiency of 30 percent. This research breakthrough has now led to panels which are significantly smaller, lighter, more radiation resistant, and potentially less expensive than the traditional silicon flat plate electric power supply. The new Boeing tandem concentrator (BTC) module uses an array of lightweight silicone Fresnel lenses mounted on the front side of a light weight aluminum honeycomb structure to focus sunlight onto small area solar cells mounted on a thin back plane. This module design is shown schematically. The tandem solar cell in this new module consists of a gallium arsenide light sensitive cell with a 24 percent energy conversion efficiency stacked on top of a gallium antimonide infrared sensitive cell with a conversion efficiency of 6 percent. This gives a total efficiency 30 percent for the cell-stack. The lens optical efficiency is typically 85 percent. Discounting for efficiency losses associated with lens packing, cell wiring, and cell operating temperature still allows for a module efficiency of 22 percent which leads to a module power density of 300 Watts/sq. m. This performance provides more than twice the power density available from a single crystal silicon flat plate module and at least four times the power density available from amorphous silicon modules. The fact that the lenses are only 0.010 ft. thick and the aluminum foil back plane is only 0.003 ft. thick leads to a very lightweight module. Although the cells are an easy to handle thickness of 0.020 ft., the fact that they are small, occupying one-twenty-fifth of the module area, means that they add little to the module weight. After summing all the module weights and given the high module power, we find that we are able to fabricate BTC modules with specific power of 100 watts/kg.
Characterization of Adherence of Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> to Human Epithelial Cells (2000)

The adherence of 58 nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates obtained from patients with otitis media or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obtained from the throats of healthy individuals to Chang and NCI-H292 epithelial cells was compared. Otitis media isolates, but not COPD isolates, adhered significantly more to both cell lines than did throat isolates. Since high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins are major adhesins of nontypeable H. influenzae, the isolates were screened for HMW protein expression by Western blotting with two polyclonal sera and PCR with hmw-specific primers. Twenty-three of the 32 adhering isolates (72%) and only 1 of the 26 nonadherent strains were HMW protein or hmw gene positive. Among the 32 isolates adhering to either cell line, 5 different adherence patterns were distinguished based on the inhibiting effect of dextran sulfate. Using H. influenzae strain 12 expressing two well-defined HMW proteins (HMW1 and HMW2) and its isogenic mutants as a reference, we observed HMW1-like adherence to both cell lines for 16 of the 32 adherent isolates. Four others showed HMW2-like adherence to NCI-H292. Of the three other patterns of adherence, one probably also involved HMW protein. Screening of the isolates with six HMW-specific monoclonal antibodies in a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the HMW proteins of COPD isolates and carrier isolates were more distinct from the HMW proteins from H. influenzae strain 12 than those from otitis media isolates. Characterization of the HMW protein of a COPD isolate by adherence and DNA sequence analysis showed that despite large sequence diversity in the hmwA gene, probably resulting in the antigenic differences, the HMW protein mediated the HMW2-like adherence of this strain.
Redox Cycling on Recessed Ring-Disk Nanoelectrode Arrays in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte (2014)

In canonical electrochemical experiments, a high-concentration background electrolyte is used, carrying the vast majority of current between macroscopic electrodes, thus minimizing the contribution of electromigration transport of the redox-active species being studied. In contrast, here large current enhancements are achieved in the absence of supporting electrolyte during cyclic voltammetry at a recessed ring-disk nanoelectrode array (RRDE) by taking advantage of the redox cycling effect in combination with ion enrichment and an unshielded ion migration contribution to mass transport. Three distinct transport regimes are observed for the limiting current as a function of the concentration of redox species, Ru(NH3)6(2+/3+), revealed through the strong dependence of ion transport on ionic strength. Behavior at low analyte concentrations is especially interesting. In the absence of supporting electrolyte, ions accumulate in the nanopores, resulting in significantly increased current amplification compared to redox cycling in the presence of supporting electrolyte. Current enhancements as large as 100-fold arising from ion enrichment and ion migration effects add to the ~20-fold enhancement due to redox cycling, producing a total current amplification as large as 2000-fold compared to a single microelectrode of the same total area, making these RRDE arrays interesting for electrochemical processing and analysis.
Elusive 6-<i>e</i><i>xo</i>-Hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones from the Corresponding Acetates by Methanolysis in the Presence of CH<sub>3</sub>ONa/La(OTf)<sub>3</sub> (2002)

[reaction: see text] A series of 6-exo-acetoxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones were converted into the corresponding 6-exo-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones by methanolysis in the presence of CH(3)ONa/La(OTf)(3). Under the given conditions, epimerization at C(6) of the latter led in the least favorable cases only to traces of the more stable 6-endo-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones. This procedure, when combined with the described conversion of easily available 6-endo-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones into the corresponding 6-exo-acetoxy derivatives, provides a convenient route to elusive 6-exo-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones. Applications to total synthesis are shown and envisaged.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus PREVENT Study Questions (1997)

To the Editor. 

The recent publication by the PREVENT Study Group1requires clarifications for readers attempting to determine the place of this new Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for select infants with increased risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospital morbidity. The first issue requiring comment relates to the presentation of results. Differences in hospital outcome with treatment versus control therapy are presented most frequently by the authors as percent improvement (attributed risk percent) rather than absolute risk difference when the authors wish to emphasize the beneficial effects of RespiGam (RSV-IGIV). For example, “infants and children at high risk for severe RSV disease who received monthly RSV-IGIV prophylaxis had a significant reduction in the incidence (41%) and total days (53%) of RSV hospitalization.” Presenting the data as percent improvement may exaggerate the actual effect magnitude of an intervention. For example, if a disease outcome were to be reduced from 2 in 1 000 000 to 1 in 1 000 000 or 50 in 100 to 25 in 100, a 50% reduction would have occurred in both examples. However, the epidemiologic impact is considerably different in these two examples that have the same percent change in outcome. A more informative presentation would have been the attributed risk difference. For 100 RSV-IGIV monthly prophylaxed infants, there was observed a reduction of 5.5 hospitalizations (13.5% to 8.0%) and 69 fewer hospital days (129 to 60).

A second comment concerns the authors' failure to place in context the total costs and negative impact possibly due to the administration of RespiGam. To achieve the reduced hospital admission rate and hospital days, a large cost in terms of dollars, time lost, and patient discomfort would be required. To prevent the five RSV hospitalizations in 100 patients would require a significant intervention of nearly 500 clinic visits per 100 patients …
A New Post-Silicon Debug Approach Based on Suspect Window (2009)

Bugs are tending to be unavoidable in the design of complex integrated circuits. It is imperative to identify the bugs as soon as possible by post-silicon debug. The main challenge for post-silicon debug is the observability of the internal signals. This paper exploits the fact that it is not necessary to observe the error free states. Then we introduce "suspect window" and present a method for determining its boundary. Based on suspect window, we propose a debug approach to achieve high observability by reusing scan chain. Since scan dumps take place only in suspect window, debug time is greatly reduced. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Nerve fibre layer loss in diseases of the outer retinal layer. (1987)

We present examples of nerve fibre layer changes in diseases thought to affect primarily the outer retinal layers. These disease processes include cone-rod dystrophies, rod-cone dystrophies, juvenile macular degeneration (Stargardt's disease) and fundus flavimaculatis, vitelliform macular dystrophy, and Leber's congenital amaurosis. All were associated with alterations in the retinal nerve fibre layer, either diffuse or focal. The presence of these nerve fibre layer changes raises the question of transsynaptic degeneration and of possible primary or associated disease of other retinal cells than the receptors-namely, bipolar, amacrine, Mueller, or ganglion cells--in these disease of the outer retinal layer. Involvement of the nerve fibre layer also indicates the need to examine patients with defects in the nerve fibre layer by electroretinograms and other tests for outer retinal layer disease when no obvious optic nerve disease is present.
1,3‐Dipolar cycloadditions of electron‐rich benzotriazol‐1‐ylpropenes (1996)

Abstract The preparation of trans ‐3‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl‐1‐( N ‐rnorpholino)prop‐1‐ene ( 1 ), trans ‐3‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl‐1‐ethoxyprop‐1‐ene ( 2 ) and trans ‐1,3‐bis‐(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)propene ( 3 ) and their reactions with a benzonitrile oxide ( 4 ), N ‐(2,4‐dibromophenyl)‐1‐phenylnitrilimine ( 5 ), and p ‐nitrophenyl azide ( 6 ) are described.
Effects of Perpendicular Flow Entry on Convective Heat/Mass Transfer From Pin-Fin Arrays (1999)

Convective heat transfer with pin-fin arrays have been studied extensively in laboratory experiments where flow is introduced to the array uniformly over the channel span. However, the flow path in actual cooling designs is often serpentine-shaped with multiple turns, and the pin-fin array section is often located immediately downstream of a turn. The present study, using an analogous mass transfer technique based on naphthalene sublimation, investigates the effects of three different, nonaxial flow entries on array heat transfer for both an inline and a staggered arrangement of pins. The measurement acquires the mass transfer rate of each individual pin in a five row by seven column array for the Reynolds number varying from 8000 to 25,000. The mass transfer and associated flow visualization results indicate that the highly nonuniform flow distribution established at the array entrance and persisting through the entire array can have significant effects on the array heat transfer characteristics. Compared to the conventional case with axial-through flow entrance, the overall array heat transfer performance can be either enhanced or degraded, depending on the actual inlet arrangements and array configurations.
Charge Density Wave Caused by Reducing ThSe<sub>3</sub> by One Electron. Superstructure and Short-Range Order in ATh<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>6</sub> (A = K, Rb) Studied by X-ray Diffraction, Electron Diffraction, and Diffuse Scattering (1998)

The two isostructural compounds, ATh2Se6 (A = K, Rb), adopt the orthorhombic space group Immm. ATh2Se6 has a two-dimensional structure which is related to the ZrSe3-type structure with K+/Rb+ cations stabilized between the layers. These compounds represent the intercalated form of ThSe3 with 0.5 equiv of alkali metal ion. The stacking arrangement of the layers is slightly modified from that of ZrSe3 in order to stabilize the newly introduced alkali metal ions between the layers. Electron diffraction studies reveal a static charge density wave (CDW), due to electron localization, resulting in 4a × 4b superstructure. An atomic pair distribution function analysis and spectroscopy confirmed the presence of diselenide groups in the ZrSe3-type layer (invisible by the single-crystal structure analysis) and support the notion that these Se atoms in the [Th2Se6] layers accept the extra electron from the alkali metal, and this results in breaking one out of four diselenide bonds. The superstructure is due to ordering of the three Se22- and two Se2- species along both directions. Optical absorption, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements support these conclusions.
Smart Homes For Dummies (1999)

From the Publisher:
Tips to automate your home and enhance its value! 
Find how to maximize your home networking budget 
Includes the pros and cons of emerging technologies Not long ago living like the Jetsons existed only somewhere off in a galaxy far far away. Welcome to the high-tech networked home of the 21st century. This down-to-earth guide will enlighten you about everything from residential security systems to entertainment networks, and help you keep your home improvement budget from spiraling into orbit! 
Discover how to: Select compatible products Go wireless or use existing wiring Choose the right security system Enjoy multi-room Internet access Set up your PC and phone network 
The Dummies Way Explanations in plain English in, get out information Icons and other navigational aids Tear-out cheat sheet Top ten lists A dash of humor and fun 
Get smart! Register to win cool prizes Browse exclusive articles and excerpts Get a free Dummies Daily e-mail newsletter Chat with authors and preview other books Talk to us, ask questions, get answers
A 6 nsec CMOS EPLD with &amp;mu;W standby power (1989)

A description is presented of a 28-pin CMOS EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory)-based programmable logic device optimized for memory-address-decoding applications. A novel architecture provides high-speed operation at CMOS power levels. Reprogrammability and 100% testability of EPROM technology are added benefits. Active power is less than 25% of slower bipolar solutions, and die area is 74 mil <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>