gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by enhancing T-cell production of TNF-α (2000)

Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by upregulating osteoclastogenesis by mechanisms not completely defined. We found that ovariectomy-enhanced T-cell production of TNF-alpha, which, acting through the TNF-alpha receptor p55, augments macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced (M-CSF-induced) and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Ovariectomy failed to induce bone loss, stimulate bone resorption, or increase M-CSF- and RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis in T-cell deficient mice, establishing T cells as essential mediators of the bone-wasting effects of estrogen deficiency in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the ability of estrogen to target T cells, suppressing their production of TNF-alpha, is a key mechanism by which estrogen prevents osteoclastic bone resorption and bone loss.
POTATO PROTEIN CONCENTRATES: THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS METHODS OF RECOVERY UPON YIELD, COMPOSITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS (1977)

Potato processing effluents represent a potential source of valuable protein as well as a major waste disposal problem. Potato protein is commonly recovered by heat (in excess of 90°C) with pH adjustment between 3.5 and 5.5. The present study compared yield, and some compositional, and functional characteristics of potato protein concentrate (PPC) recovered with either HCl or FeCl3 (pH 3.0, 20–22°C), or HCl/heat (pH 4.8, 98–99°C). Under pilot plant conditions, recoveries of 22.7, 36.7, and 37.5% of the crude protein (N × 6.25) were obtained with HCl, FeCl3, and HCl/heat, respectively. Crude protein content of the PPC precipitated by HCl, FeCl3, and HCl/heat were 65.6, 57.5, and 78.2% respectively. Ash and vitamin C values were higher in those PPC recovered at room temperature, with Fe content being highest in the PPC recovered with FeCl3. The nitrogen solubility of the FeCl3 precipitate, at pH 7.0, was 1.5 and more than 7 times that of the HCl, and HCl/heat precipitates, respectively. Whipping capacity of PPC was not influenced by precipitation method. The most favorable fat absorption and water absorption capacities were exhibited by the HCl and HCl/heat precipitates, respectively.
INVERSE THEORY APPLIED TO MULTI‐SOURCE CROSS‐HOLE TOMOGRAPHY. (1990)

A bstract It is advantageous to consider inversion of multi‐source (wide‐aperture) cross‐hole data using methods that (i) are based on the wave equation rather than its high‐frequency ray approximation, and (ii) use the full information content of the recorded wavefield rather than only first‐arrival times. Wave‐theoretical methods require the ability to forward‐model appropriate wave equations for all source positions in arbitrary reference media. This can be achieved using a frequency‐domain elastic wave propagator that facilitates the modelling of multi‐source data at the cost of temporal bandwidth. The trade‐off is deliberate; the propagator is applied to the cross‐hole imaging problem, in which wide spatial bandwidths are more important than temporal bandwidth. By using the frequency‐domain propagator, non‐linear inverse techniques are applied to data from a very large number of source positions. The method can be applied in 2D media of arbitrary a priori complexity. In a synthetic example, compressional and shear‐velocity perturbations are successfully resolved with one iteration using only a single frequency component of wide‐aperture elastic wave cross‐hole data.
Simple Constructions of Almost k‐wise Independent Random Variables (1992)

Abstract We present three alternative simple constructions of small probability spaces on n bits for which any k bits are almost independent. The number of bits used to specify a point in the sample space is (2 + o (1)) (log log n + k /2 + log k + log 1/ϵ), where ϵ is the statistical difference between the distribution induced on any k bit locations and the uniform distribution. This is asymptotically comparable to the construction recently presented by Naor and Naor (our size bound is better as long as ϵ < 1/( k log n )). An additional advantage of our constructions is their simplicity.
Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Irritability in Children and Adolescents With Autistic Disorder (2009)

Aripiprazole was efficacious in children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder and was generally safe and well tolerated.
Optimized 3D VSP survey geometry based on Fresnel zone estimates (2005)

We present a method to optimize the acquisition geometry of 3D VSP data, that is, seismic data recording surface sources in large‐aperture borehole receiver arrays. By estimating the Fresnel volume of specular rays at the target depth of interest, we are able to adapt the shooting geometry to the varying size of the Fresnel zone with offset from the well. Such an adaptive pattern of varying shot spacing helps to reduce illumination artifacts close to the receiver well and, at the same time, reduces the overall number of shotpoints, and thus, effort required to obtain the same image volume. We show a real data example where our approach has successfully been applied to optimize the shotpoint geometry.
A short overview of the VDSL system requirements (2002)

This article gives an overview of VDSL and summarizes the main system requirements developed by ANSI-T1E1.4, ETSI-TM6, and ITU-T Study Group 15/Question 4 in a coordinated effort. For the time being, both single-carrier modulation and multicarrier modulation schemes have been proposed for standardization. VDSL is an enabling and cost-effective access solution for the last mile of the network over ordinary existing telephone lines. This new standard targets aggregated data rates up to 52 Mb/s on short loops. VDSL can be used to provision broadband services for both residential and business.
Embedding learning in a general frame-based architecture (2003)

An effort to incorporate machine learning capabilities within a general-purpose frame-based architecture is discussed. The authors describe Chunker, an explanation-based chunking mechanism built on top of Theo, a software framework to support development of self-modifying problem-solving systems. Chunker forms rules that improve problem-solving efficiency by generalizing and compressing the chains of inference which Theo produces during problem solving. After presenting the learning algorithm used by Chunker, the authors illustrate its application to learning search control knowledge, discuss its relationship to Theo's other three learning mechanisms, and consider the relationship between architectural features of Theo and the effectiveness of Chunker.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High performance silicon-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation detector for industrial application (2009)

Silicon-based p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> n junction photodiodes have been successfully fabricated for radiation detection in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range. The diode technology relies on the formation of a front p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> active surface region by using pure boron chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which grows delta-like B-doped layers on Si substrates. Therefore, the technique can ensure defect-free, highly-doped, and extremely ultra shallow junctions that significantly enhance the sensitivity to UV radiation with respect to commercial state-of-the-art detectors, as confirmed by near theoretical responsivity (0.266 A/W, at 13.5 nm radiation wavelength). Outstanding performance has also been achieved in terms of extremely low dark current (< 50 pA, at a reverse bias of 10 V) and pulsed response time (< 100 ns) for 0.1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> large area devices. In addition, the fabricated photodiodes exhibit negligible degradation to high-dose radiation exposure. Owing to these features, the presented photodiode technology, which profits from low cost, reduced complexity, and full compatibility with standard Si processing, offers a reliable solution for the implementation of detectors in industrial applications based on EUV radiation, such as next-generation 13.5 nm wavelength lithography.
Evaluation of lead-free eutectic Sn-Ag solder for automotive electronics packaging applications (2002)

This paper presents the evaluation results on the lead-free eutectic Sn-Ag solder for use in automotive electronics packaging applications. The major areas of study are the metallurgical interactions between the solder, the conductor, and the component termination, and their impact on reliability. Studies have been conducted with the eutectic Sn/Pb solder as a control group for comparison.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular cloning of a multifunctional chicken protein acting as the prolyl 4-hydroxylase <i>β</i>-subunit, protein disulphide-isomerase and a cellular thyroid-hormone-binding protein. Comparison of cDNA-deduced amino acid sequences with those in other species (1988)

Several recent studies indicate that a single polypeptide may act as the beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, the enzyme protein disulphide-isomerase and a cellular thyroid-hormone-binding protein. We report here the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding this multifunctional protein in the chicken. All the coding sequences were determined on the basis of nucleotide sequencing of five cDNA clones and amino acid sequencing of the N-terminal end of the chicken beta-subunit. The processed polypeptide contains 493 amino acid residues, the size of the respective mRNA being about 2.7 kb. The chicken beta-subunit cDNA sequences were 78% homologous to the previously reported human beta-subunit cDNA sequences at the nucleotide level and 85% homologous at the amino acid level. The homology of the chicken beta-subunit sequences to those reported for bovine thyroid-hormone-binding protein and rat protein disulphide-isomerase was also 85% at the amino acid level. Primary-structure comparisons between the four species indicated that the two proposed active sites of protein disulphide-isomerase, the two Trp-Cys-Gly-His-Cys-Lys sequences, are located within highly conserved regions, which are also homologous to the active sites of a number of thioredoxins. The middle of the polypeptide has an additional conserved region 100 amino acid residues in length in which the degree of homology between the four species is 94% at the amino acid level. This long conserved region may also be important for some of the multiple functions of the protein. The four extreme C-terminal amino acids of the polypeptide in all four species are Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu, a sequence that has been suggested to function as a signal for the retention of a protein in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Human Biliverdin Reductase Is a Leucine Zipper-like DNA-binding Protein and Functions in Transcriptional Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Oxidative Stress (2002)

Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a serine/threonine kinase that catalyzes reduction of the heme oxygenase (HO) activity product, biliverdin, to bilirubin. A domain of biliverdin reductase (BVR) has primary structural features that resemble leucine zipper proteins. A heptad repeat of five leucines (L(1)--L(5)), a basic domain, and a conserved alanine characterize the domain. In hBVR, a lysine replaces L(3). The secondary structure model of hBVR predicts an alpha-helix-turn-beta-sheet for this domain. hBVR translated by the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system appears on a nondenaturing gel as a single band with molecular mass of approximately 69 kDa. The protein on a denaturing gel separates into two anti-hBVR immunoreactive proteins of approximately 39.9 + 34.6 kDa. The dimeric form, but not purified hBVR, binds to a 100-mer DNA fragment corresponding to the mouse HO-1 (hsp32) promoter region encompassing two activator protein (AP-1) sites. The specificity of DNA binding is suggested by the following: (a) hBVR does not bind to the same DNA fragment with one or zero AP-1 sites; (b) a 56-bp random DNA with one AP-1 site does not form a complex with hBVR; (c) in vitro translated HO-1 does not interact with the 100-mer DNA fragment with two AP-1 sites; (d) mutation of Lys(143), Leu(150), or Leu(157) blocks both the formation of the approximately 69-kDa specimens and hBVR DNA complex formation; and (e) purified preparations of hBVR or hHO-1 do not bind to DNA with two AP-1 sites. The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion (O(2)()) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. We propose a role for BVR in the signaling cascade for AP-1 complex activation necessary for HO-1 oxidative stress response.
Handbook of Bioremediation (1993)

Introduction In Situ Bioremediation of Soils and Ground Water Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons Bioventing of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Ground Water by Air Sparging Ground-Water Treatment for Chlorinated Solvents Bioventing of Chlorinated Solvents for Ground-Water Cleanup through Bioremediation In Situ Bioremediation Technologies for Petroleum Derived Hydrocarbons Based on Alternate Electron Acceptors Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Using Alternate Electron Acceptors Natural Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water Natural Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Introduced Organisms for Subsurface Bioremediation
On the Interference Color of Thin Layers on Glass Surface (1950)

To effect the precise examination of the interference colors of thin layers, the author calculated them in cases of non-reflecting layers and Newton’s rings, and plotted the results on the I. C. I. graph. The significance of several results indicated by the graphs is discussed.
Aldol Condensation of Esters with Ketones or Aldehydes to Form β-Hydroxy Esters by Lithium Amide. Comparison with the Reformatsky Reaction<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAldol Condensation of Esters with Ketones or Aldehydes to Form β-Hydroxy Esters by Lithium Amide. Comparison with the Reformatsky Reaction1Charles R. Hauser and W. H. PuterbaughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 5, 1068–1072Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01101a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01101a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views850Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Attachment of Flexible Heparin Chains to Gelatin Scaffolds Improves Endothelial Cell Infiltration (2013)

Long-term survival of implanted cells requires oxygen and nutrients, the need for which is met by vascularization of the implant. The use of scaffolds with surface-attached heparin as anchoring points for angiogenic growth factors has been reported to improve this process. We examined the potential role of surface modification of gelatin scaffolds in promoting endothelial cell infiltration by using a unique macromolecular conjugate of heparin as a coating. Compared to other heparin coatings, this surface modification provides flexible heparin chains, representing a new concept in heparin conjugation. In vitro cell infiltration of scaffolds was assessed using a three-dimensional model in which the novel heparin surface, without growth factors, showed a 2.5-fold increase in the number of infiltrating endothelial cells when compared to control scaffolds. No additional improvement was achieved by adding growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor and/or fibroblast growth factor-2) to the scaffold. In vivo experiments confirmed these results and also showed that the addition of angiogenic growth factors did not significantly increase the endothelial cell infiltration but increased the number of inflammatory cells in the implanted scaffolds. The endothelial cell-stimulating ability of the heparin surface alone, combined with its growth factor-binding capacity, renders it an interesting candidate surface treatment to create a prevascularized site prepared for implantation of cells and tissues, in particular those sensitive to inflammation but in need of supportive revascularization, such as pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
A Structural Approach to Selection Bias (2004)

The term "selection bias" encompasses various biases in epidemiology. We describe examples of selection bias in case-control studies (eg, inappropriate selection of controls) and cohort studies (eg, informative censoring). We argue that the causal structure underlying the bias in each example is essentially the same: conditioning on a common effect of 2 variables, one of which is either exposure or a cause of exposure and the other is either the outcome or a cause of the outcome. This structure is shared by other biases (eg, adjustment for variables affected by prior exposure). A structural classification of bias distinguishes between biases resulting from conditioning on common effects ("selection bias") and those resulting from the existence of common causes of exposure and outcome ("confounding"). This classification also leads to a unified approach to adjust for selection bias.
Self‐Healing Microencapsulation of Biomacromolecules without Organic Solvents (2012)

Alle Ausgänge verschließen! Die konventionelle Verkapselung von Biomakromolekülen in Poly(milchsäure-co-glycolsäure) (PLGA) erfordert mehrere Verfahrensschritte, die das Molekül schädigen können. Dagegen verläuft eine selbstheilungsbasierte Verkapselung in PLGA ohne Beschädigung des Proteins, was dessen Stabilisierung und langsame Freisetzung ermöglicht. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Amplification of femtosecond pulses in a spatially dispersive scheme (1992)

The amplification of 20-fs-duration pulses in an amplifier with spatial dispersion in the gain medium (dye) is theoretically analyzed. Pulse self-shaping was observed during amplification, and further shaping was achieved by spatially modulating the pump. This spatial modulation of the pump permits the elimination of pulse broadening in the amplifier, even in the saturation regime. The possibility of using a compound medium with an ultrabroadband gain profile is also discussed.
Measurement of Mutual Coherence Functions by Image Holography (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text I. Weingärtner, "Measurement of Mutual Coherence Functions by Image Holography," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 60, 572-573 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Design of Shaped Beam Planar Arrays of Waveguide Longitudinal Slots (2013)

The Elliott’s procedure for the design of a pencil beam waveguide longitudinal slot array has been generalized to encompass the design of shaped beam planar slot arrays. An extended set of design equations, taking into account in an operative way the feeding part of the array, has been devised. From this set of equations, a general and effective design procedure has been set up, shedding light on the constraints posed by a complex aperture distribution. The results of the proposed synthesis procedure have been validated through comparison with a commercial FEM software.
The Decomposition of Pinane Hydroperoxide. II<sup>2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decomposition of Pinane Hydroperoxide. II2Gustav A. Schmidt and Gordon S. FisherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 2, 445–448Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01511a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01511a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
L-α-(Dioleoyl)lecithin.<sup>*</sup> An Alternate Route to Its Synthesis (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTL-α-(Dioleoyl)lecithin.* An Alternate Route to Its SynthesisErich Baer and Alois KindlerCite this: Biochemistry 1962, 1, 3, 518–521Publication Date (Print):May 25, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 25 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00909a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00909a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts