gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactivity to superficial and deep stimuli in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (2002)

In this study, we evaluated pain sensitivity in patients with fibromyalgia or other types of chronic, diffuse musculoskeletal pain to establish whether fibromyalgia represents the end of a continuum of dysfunction in the nociceptive system. One hundred and forty five patients and 22 healthy subjects (HS) completed an epidemiological questionnaire to provide information about fatigue, stiffness, sleep, the intensity of pain (VAS 0-100) and its extent both at onset and at present. Algometry was performed at all American College of Rheumatology (ACR) tender points and at ten control points. Patients were divided into five main groups: fibromyalgia (FS) patients, secondary-concomitant fibromyalgia (SCFS) patients, patients with widespread pain (WP) but not reaching the ACR criterion of 11 tender points, patients with diffuse multiregional pain (MP) not reaching the ACR criteria (widespread pain, tender point counts), and patients with multiregional pain associated with at least 11 tender points (MPTE). von Frey monofilaments were used to assess superficial punctate pressure pain thresholds. Heat and cold pain thresholds were determined with a thermal stimulator. Ischemic pain was assessed by the cold pressure test and the submaximal effort tourniquet test. The scores for stiffness and present pain intensity gradually increased concomitantly with the increase in tender point count and pain extent. The pressure pain thresholds for positive tender and positive control points were significantly lower in the SCFS, FS and MPTE groups than in HS, MP and WP groups, the latter three groups displaying similar values. In all groups, there were no differences in pain thresholds between positive tender and positive control points. The heat pain threshold and the pain threshold in the cold pressure test were lower in the FS and SCFS groups than in HS. The cold pressure tolerance was lower in patients with widespread pain than in HS. In the von Frey test, all patient groups except MP had similar values, which were significantly lower than in HS. Finally, all patient groups displayed lower tourniquet tolerance than HS. In each psychophysical test, patients with widespread pain and patients with multiregional pain showed similar thresholds; however, the thresholds in the MP or MPTE groups differed from those in the FS and SCFS groups. In the FS group, pain thresholds and pain tolerance did not differ according to the presence of ongoing pain at the stimulated site and were not correlated to ongoing pain. The results indicate that dysfunction in the nociceptive system is already present in patients with multiregional pain with a low tender point count; it becomes more and more severe as the positive tender point count and pain extent increase and it is maximal in fibromyalgia patients.
Field emission: New theory for the derivation of emission area from a Fowler–Nordheim plot (1999)

This article takes a fresh look at the theoretical basis of methods for deriving emission area from the intercept of a Fowler–Nordheim (FN) plot. It sharpens the concepts involved, by defining a generalized FN equation, an intercept correction factor, and an emission-area extraction function. Some new general formulas are introduced. An improved version of the Charbonnier and Martin (CM) [F. M. Charbonnier and E. E. Martin, J. Appl. Phys. 33, 1897 (1962)] method for extracting emission area is discussed; this is numerically illustrated using formulas developed within the framework of Murphy and Good’s 1956 [E. L. Murphy and R. H. Good, Phys. Rev. 102, 1464 (1956)] treatment of the theory of cold field emission from metals at zero temperature. It is shown that uncertainties were underestimated in the methods introduced by CM and by Spindt and colleagues, [C. A. Spindt et al., J. Appl. Phys. 47, 5248 (1976)] but can be reduced by iterating the new method. Strictly, the numerical results presented apply only to field emission from materials that are, or behave like, metals. The numerical results are not exact in any absolute sense, but they are precise within the context of the formulation of FN theory normally used in technological contexts; further, they have been derived within the context of higher-level formulas of general validity, and are considered to be a well-defined and useful step towards future developments. Opportunity is taken to present the usual 1956 version of the FN equation in modern notation, employing quantity algebra, rmks equations, and precise up-to-date values of the relevant universal constants, and to give an equation that identifies the onset of field-induced ballistic emission.
Quality of Telephone-Based Spoken Dialogue Systems (2005)

Quality of Telephone-Based Spoken Dialogue Systems is a systematic overview of assessment, evaluation, and prediction methods for the quality of services such as travel and touristic information, phon
Dual-Hop Transmission Scheme Based on Hierarchical Modulation in Wireless Networks (2010)

Dual-hop wireless transmission is a technique by which the channel from the source to the destination is divided into two shorter links using relays. By using this transmission, the communications reliability is improved whereas the throughput might go down since the dual-hop transmission is performed by two times. In this letter, we propose a scheme that uses hierarchical modulation at the source and adaptive modulation based on cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code at the relays. The proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of the bit error rate (BER) and throughput performances.
TEL, a Putative Tumor Suppressor, Modulates Cell Growth and Cell Morphology of Ras-Transformed Cells While Repressing the Transcription of <i>stromelysin-1</i> (2000)

TEL is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors that interacts with the mSin3 and SMRT corepressors to regulate transcription. TEL is biallelically disrupted in acute leukemia, and loss of heterozygosity at the TEL locus has been observed in various cancers. Here we show that expression of TEL in Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells inhibits cell growth in soft agar and in normal cultures. Unexpectedly, cells expressing both Ras and TEL grew as aggregates. To begin to explain the morphology of Ras-plus TEL-expressing cells, we demonstrated that the endogenous matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 was repressed by TEL. TEL bound sequences in the stromelysin-1 promoter and repressed the promoter in transient-expression assays, suggesting that it is a direct target for TEL-mediated regulation. Mutants of TEL that removed a binding site for the mSin3A corepressor but retained the ETS domain failed to repress stromelysin-1. When BB-94, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, was added to the culture medium of Ras-expressing cells, it caused a cell aggregation phenotype similar to that caused by TEL expression. In addition, TEL inhibited the invasiveness of Ras-transformed cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that TEL acts as a tumor suppressor, in part, by transcriptional repression of stromelysin-1.
A unified coding scheme for specified channel quality indicator length in LTE physic uplink share channel (2012)

Multi coding schemes on channel quality indication (CQI) report cause high hardware complexity in Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. In this paper, a unified coding scheme limited that the CQI bits length equals to 11 is proposed to reduce this complexity. This scheme selects one tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC) to substitute Reed-Muller (RM) (32,11) code through exhaustive search method, and this replacement also shows an improvement on bit error probability which is represented as a function of two specified parameters theoretically. Based on the relationships between block code and tail-biting convolutional code, the search process can be simplified in calculating these two specified parameters. Simulation results also show an improvement on bit error probability, and the hardware complexity is reduced for the reuse of TBCC structure in this uniform coding scheme.
Design of the virtual reality based robotic catheter system for minimally invasive surgery training (2012)

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a specialized surgical technique that permits vascular interventions through very small incisions. This minimizes the patients' trauma and permits a faster recovery compared to traditional surgery. However, the significant disadvantage of this surgery technique is its complexity; therefore, it requires extensive training before surgery. In this paper, for the VR system, we use the master side as the controller, and we use the open source code DCMTK to read the information of “.DCM” file and carry out the CT image segmentation for the Virtual Reality based Robotic Catheter System and we use Open Scene Graph (OSG) to realize the 3D image output and catheter control of the Virtual Reality System. We present virtual reality simulators for training with force feedback in minimally invasive surgery. This application allows generating realistic physical-based model of catheter and blood vessels, and enables surgeons to touch, feel and manipulate virtual catheter inside vascular model through the same surgical operation mode used in actual MIS. The experimental results show that the error rate is in an acceptable range and the simulators can be used for surgery training.
Catastrophic failure of a liquid carbon dioxide storage vessel (1994)

Abstract This article describes the catastrophic failure of a liquid CO 2 storage vessel and the chain of events that contributed to this incident. This incident happened in Procter & Gamble GmbH's citrus process in Worms, Germany. Three fatalities, over $20 million in property damage, and three month's lost production resulted. Initially less than one‐fifth of the storage vessel was available for examination. The force of the explosion had propelled most of the vessel into the nearby Rhein River. The unavailability of the other parts of the vessel seriously hampered the incident investigation and prevented correct determination of the basic cause of the failure. Later recovery and inspection of additional parts of the tank allowed the investigation team to determine the correct basic cause. The results of the inspections conducted on other liquid CO 2 vessels are covered. These inspections resulted in most of these vessels being removed from service. Other actions taken to prevent similar incidents include: Elimination of the use of carbon dioxide in many non‐critical applications. Development and adoption of specific Company design requirements for liquid CO 2 storage systems into standard Design Practices.
A Wireless Video Home-link Using 60GHz Band: Concept and Performance of the Developed System (2000)

A concept and requirements of a millimeter-wave video transmission system as a wireless home-link using 60-GHz band are described. This system can transmit broadcast television (TV) signals from TV antennas to TV set and thus can be regarded as a substitute for a feeder line. The feasibility study by investigating the system's CNR and SNR performances using MMIC-based experimental setup is also described.
Phase Transitions of Amorphous Sucrose and Frozen Sucrose Solutions (1991)

ABSTRACT Amorphous sucrose showed typical thermal transitions of amorphous materials. The temperatures of those transitions, glass transition, crystallization and melting, decreased with increasing moisture content. The glass transition temperature of dry amorphous sucrose at 57°C was decreased to ‐46°C as the sucrose was plasticized with excess water. That value remained constant due to maximal freeze‐concentration with 72‐73% sucrose in the unfrozen matrix which showed ice melting at ‐34°C. Concentrated solutions may become supercooled resulting in partial freeze‐concentration with resultant lowering of glass transition temperature.
Nonracemic Antifolates Stereoselectively Recruit Alternate Cofactors and Overcome Resistance in <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> (2015)

While antifolates such as Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TMP-SMX) continue to play an important role in treating community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), resistance-conferring mutations, specifically F98Y of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), have arisen and compromise continued use. In an attempt to extend the lifetime of this important class, we have developed a class of propargyl-linked antifolates (PLAs) that exhibit potent inhibition of the enzyme and bacterial strains. Probing the role of the configuration at the single propargylic stereocenter in these inhibitors required us to develop a new approach to nonracemic 3-aryl-1-butyne building blocks by the pairwise use of asymmetric conjugate addition and aldehyde dehydration protocols. Using this new route, a series of nonracemic PLA inhibitors was prepared and shown to possess potent enzyme inhibition (IC50 values <50 nM), antibacterial effects (several with MIC values <1 μg/mL) and to form stable ternary complexes with both wild-type and resistant mutants. Unexpectedly, crystal structures of a pair of individual enantiomers in the wild-type DHFR revealed that the single change in configuration of the stereocenter drove the selection of an alternative NADPH cofactor, with the minor α-anomer appearing with R-27. Remarkably, this cofactor switching becomes much more prevalent when the F98Y mutation is present. The observation of cofactor site plasticity leads to a postulate for the structural basis of TMP resistance in DHFR and also suggests design strategies that can be used to target these resistant enzymes.
Using Rice Husks in Water Purification in Brazil (2016)

Rice husk, which considered a waste, has a high level of silicon. This paper investigates the use of carbonized rice husk in water purification. The carbonization was done using a handmade carbonizer. The preparation process starts with the production of a precursor that is rich in carbon through the pyrolysis of the rice husk in an inert atmosphere. The results show an important contribution of the use of carbonic materials, by giving a direct evidence of the permanence of sodium ion Na+ in activated carbon. The results also show that the utilization of carbonized rice husks in the purification of water is quick, efficient and economically viable.
6T SRAM design for wide voltage range in 28nm FDSOI (2012)

Unique features of the 28nm ultra-thin body and buried oxide (UTBB) FDSOI technology enable the operation of SRAM in a wide voltage range. Minimum operating voltage limitations of a high-density (HD) 6-transistor (6T) SRAM can be overcome by using a single p-well (SPW) bitcell design in FDSOI. Transient simulations of dynamic failure metrics suggest that a HD 6T SPW array with 128 cells per bitline operates down to 0.65V in typical conditions with no assist techniques. In addition, a wide back-bias voltage range enables run-time tradeoffs between the low leakage current in the sleep mode and the short access time in the active mode, making it attractive for high-performance portable applications.
Adaptive Time-to-Trigger Scheme for Optimizing LTE Handover (2014)

This paper presents a handover optimization scheme in LTE for a variety of velocities. This scheme adjusts the time-to-trigger parameter based on received signal strength. The proposed algorithm demonstrates a more enhanced performance during a data link failure and ping-pong effect than existing algorithms focusing on a user’s position.
Quantitative Endovascular Fluorescence-based Molecular Imaging through Blood of Arterial Wall Inflammation (2009)

The authors implemented a correction method for quantitative real-time endovascular imaging of fluorescence that enables one to resolve the attenuating effects of blood on NIR signal.
Micropathologic Changes of Pars Tensa in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion (1994)

Clinical studies have supported a relationship between otitis media with effusion in children and chronic otitis media in adults. Although clinical studies are numerous, relatively little is known about the histopathologic changes of the tympanic membrane in otitis media with effusion. Tympanic membranes were taken from the intermediate zone of the anteroinferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane during surgery for placement of tympanostomy tubes in 30 children (age range, 4 to 10 years) who did not show any improvement after 3 months of conservative treatment for otitis media with effusion. Control specimens were taken from normal temporal bones at autopsy. All specimens were observed with light and electron microscopy. Histologic degeneration of the tympanic membrane of patients with otitis media with effusion occurred most often in the lamina propria and the submucosal layer. There was an increase in the thickness of the tympanic membrane as a result of edema and fibrosis of the submucosal layer. A decrease in the thickness of the outer and inner fibrous layers occurred in the lamina propria. The histopathologic changes observed in the lamina propria may result in a change in the elastic properties of the tympanic membrane.
Gene transfer and protein dynamics in stem cells using single cell electroporation in a microfluidic device (2007)

There is great interest in genetic modification of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), not only for research purposes but also for use in (autologous) patient-derived-patient-used transplantations. A major drawback of bulk methods for genetic modifications of (stem) cells, like bulk-electroporation, is its limited yield of DNA transfection (typically then 10%). This is even more limited when cells are present at very low numbers, as is the case for stem cells. Here we present an alternative technology to transfect cells with high efficiency (>75%), based on single cell electroporation in a microfluidic device. In a first experiment we show that we can successfully transport propidium iodide (PI) into single mouse myoblastic C2C12 cells. Subsequently, we show the use of this microfluidic device to perform successful electroporation of single mouse myoblastic C2C12 cells and single human MSC with vector DNA encoding a green fluorescent-erk1 fusion protein (EGFP-ERK1 (MAPK3)). Finally, we performed electroporation in combination with live imaging of protein expression and dynamics in response to extracellular stimuli, by fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). We observed nuclear translocation of EGFP-ERK1 in both cell types within 15 min after FGF-2 stimulation. Due to the successful and promising results, we predict that microfluidic devices can be used for highly efficient small-scale 'genetic modification' of cells, and biological experimentation, offering possibilities to study cellular processes at the single cell level. Future applications might be small-scale production of cells for therapeutic application under controlled conditions.
Confinement-Guided Shaping of Semiconductor Nanowires and Nanoribbons: “Writing with Nanowires” (2011)

To fully exploit their full potential, new semiconductor nanowire building blocks with ab initio controlled shapes are desired. However, and despite the great synthetic advances achieved, the ability to control nanowire's geometry has been significantly limited. Here, we demonstrate a simple confinement-guided nanowire growth method that enables to predesign not only the chemical and physical attributes of the synthesized nanowires but also allows a perfect and unlimited control over their geometry. Our method allows the synthesis of semiconductor nanowires in a wide variety of two-dimensional shapes such as any kinked (different turning angles), sinusoidal, linear, and spiral shapes, so that practically any desired geometry can be defined. The shape-controlled nanowires can be grown on almost any substrate such as silicon wafer, quartz and glass slides, and even on plastic substrates (e.g., Kapton HN).
Novel method for the investigation of the electrochemistry of metalloproteins: cytochrome c (1977)

The d.c. and a.c. cyclic voltammetries of horse heart ferricytochrome c have been investigated and it is shown that in the presence of 4,4′-bipyridyl, the electrochemistry corresponds to a quasi-reversible one-electron process, from which an E° value of +0·25 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode can be derived.
Micro Wind Power Generator With Battery Energy Storage for Critical Load (2011)

In the micro-grid network, it is especially difficult to support the critical load without uninterrupted power supply. The proposed micro-wind energy conversion system with battery energy storage is used to exchange the controllable real and reactive power in the grid and to maintain the power quality norms as per International Electro-Technical Commission IEC-61400-21 at the point of common coupling. The generated micro-wind power can be extracted under varying wind speed and can be stored in the batteries at low power demand hours. In this scheme, inverter control is executed with hysteresis current control mode to achieve the faster dynamic switchover for the support of critical load. The combination of battery storage with micro-wind energy generation system (μ WEGS), which will synthesize the output waveform by injecting or absorbing reactive power and enable the real power flow required by the load. The system reduces the burden on the conventional source and utilizes μ WEGS and battery storage power under critical load constraints. The system provides rapid response to support the critical loads. The scheme can also be operated as a stand-alone system in case of grid failure like a uninterrupted power supply. The system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are presented.
Sequential Bioactivation of Methoxime Analogs of β-Adrenergic Antagonists in the Eye (1995)

Selected beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists are the antiglaucoma drugs of first choice in most cases. However, a number of significant central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular and respiratory side-effects following topical ocular installation of beta-blockers have also been reported. Site- and stereo-specific delivery to the eye of beta-blockers was achieved by application of a sequential bioactivation of the chemical delivery system (CDS) analogs of these drugs, which are converted to the active beta-blockers only in the eye, thus systemic side effects are avoided. The corresponding ketoxime analogs of the various beta-blockers were successfully applied and one of them, Alprenoxime, was tested in humans. The main problem with these compounds, however, is formulation stability: Alprenoxime has a t90 of only 2-3 months. Thus, alternate structures were searched. Methoxime analogs of selected beta-blockers were synthesized and their chemical stability established at different pH's. Subsequently, their in vivo sequential enzymatic conversion was confirmed using HPLC. Comparative intraocular pressure (IOP) reducing activity of the methoximes were then studied using normotensive rabbits. The methoxime analogs showed significantly improved hydrolytic stability at pH approximately 7.0, the t90 is over 1 year. The in vivo sequential bioactivation, however, proceeds similarly to the oximes. The intermediate ketones and the active beta-blockers can be detected in the various eye compartments at different time intervals following topical administration of the methoximes. The mechanism of the eye-selective bioactivation and the results of the IOP reducing activity studies will be discussed.