gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A resource oriented architecture for the Web of Things (2010)

Many efforts are centered around creating large-scale networks of “smart things” found in the physical world (e.g., wireless sensor and actuator networks, embedded devices, tagged objects). Rather than exposing real-world data and functionality through proprietary and tightly-coupled systems, we propose to make them an integral part of the Web. As a result, smart things become easier to build upon. Popular Web languages (e.g., HTML, Python, JavaScript, PHP) can be used to easily build applications involving smart things and users can leverage well-known Web mechanisms (e.g., browsing, searching, bookmarking, caching, linking) to interact and share these devices. In this paper, we begin by describing the Web of Things architecture and best-practices based on the RESTful principles that have already contributed to the popular success, scalability, and modularity of the traditional Web. We then discuss several prototypes designed in accordance with these principles to connect environmental sensor nodes and an energy monitoring system to the World Wide Web. We finally show how Web-enabled smart things can be used in lightweight ad-hoc applications called “physical mashups”.
Criteria for testing exception-handling constructs in Java programs (1999)

Exception-handling constructs provide a mechanism for mixing exceptions and a facility for designating protected code by attaching exception handlers to blocks of code. Despite the frequency of their occurrences, the behavior of exception-handling constructs is often the least understood and poorly tested part of a program. The presence of such constructs introduces new structural elements, such as control-flow paths, in a program. To adequately test such programs, these new structural elements must be considered for coverage during structural testing. In this paper, we describe a class of adequacy criteria that can be used to test the behavior of exception-handling constructs. We present a subsumption hierarchy of the criteria, and illustrate the relationship of the criteria to those found in traditional subsumption hierarchies. We describe techniques for generating the testing requirements for the criteria using our control-flow representations. We also describe a methodology for applying the criteria to unit and integration testing of programs that contain exception-handling constructs.
Simple compact diode-laser/microlens packaging (1997)

A technique has been demonstrated in which the precisely polished substrate of a microlens is directly attached to the front face of a diode laser and heatsink to form a compact stable package. An experimental package using mass-transported GaP spherical microlenses and InGaAs-AlGaAs ridge-waveguide lasers (0.98-/spl mu/m wavelength) showed a well-collimated beam with a near diffraction-limited 0.7/spl deg/ divergence. The high-index microlens and the favorable lens configuration showed high tolerance for alignment errors in the optical-path-difference and Strehl-ratio calculations.
Active Coherent Combination Using Hill Climbing‐Based Algorithms for Fiber and Semiconductor Amplifiers (2013)

This chapter discusses the use of stochastic gradient descent algorithm (SPGD) algorithm for active coherent combination of lasers and the scaling of the system convergence as the number of lasers, or elements, is increased. Next, it explains two variations of the traditional SPGD control algorithm, which allow faster system convergence by optimization of the elements' dither relationship and introduction of multiple detectors that provide additional information, thereby reducing the “effective” number of independent elements. The chapter then deals with the application of the SPGD algorithm toward active coherent combination of semiconductor amplifiers and fiber amplifiers. It summarizes the results of active coherent combination from tiled beam architectures as well as single-beam outputs using a diffractive optical element (DOE). The important characteristics of beam combinable fiber amplifiers are finally discussed followed by a summary of tiled beam and single-beam active coherent combination results using commercially available 500W fiber amplifiers.
Highly efficient optically pumped vertical-emitting semiconductor laser with more than 20 W average output power in a fundamental transverse mode (2008)

We have demonstrated an optically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (OP-VECSEL) generating more than 20 W of cw output power in a fundamental transverse mode (M2 approximately 1.1) at 960 nm. The laser is highly efficient with a slope efficiency of 49%, a pump threshold of 4.4 W, and an overall optical-to-optical efficiency of 43%.
SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL α,β-ETHYLENIC SULFONES (1991)

Abstract Novel unsaturated sulfones E-alkoxy/carbamoyl benzyl styryl sulfones (VI) and E-4(N-benzylcarbamoyl)benzyl styryl sulfones (IX) have been prepared by the Knoevenagel condensation of alkoxy/ carbamoyl benzylsulfonylacetic acid (V) and 4-carboxybenzylsulfonylacetic acid (VIII) with araldehydes. The E-geometry of these compounds has been assigned based on IR and 1H NMR spectral data.
Application Of A Genetic Algorithm For CalibrationAnd Structural Modification Of Tank Model (1970)

In this paper a Genetic Algorithm developed by Duan et al (1992) has been used to evaluate and modify the structure of for two different basins in the northeastern Brazil for daily and monthly data. The algorithm entitled Shuffled Complex Evolution - SCE is based on the formulation and natural evolution of multiple initial complexes (parameter sets). It combines the power of the Simplex Method with the concepts of controlled random search and extraction of genetic operators generating shuffled complexes of the parameter values. The Tank Model With its structure consisting of a set of linear reservoirs in series or parallel with side and bottom passages has been found to give good results for the semi-arid basins in the northeast of Brazil. The application of the genetic algorithm resulted in three different versions of the Tank Model for humid and semi-arid conditions with monthly and daily data.
An IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.27 (1997)

We report the discovery of a galaxy cluster at z=1.27. ClG J0848+4453 was found in a near-IR field survey as a high density region of objects with very red J-K colors. Optical spectroscopy of a limited number of 24 < R < 25 objects in the area shows that 6 galaxies within a 90 arcsec (0.49/h Mpc, q_O = 0.1) diameter region lie at z=1.273 +/- 0.002. Most of these 6 member galaxies have broad-band colors consistent with the expected spectral energy distribution of a passively-evolving elliptical galaxy formed at high redshift. An additional 2 galaxies located ~2 arcmin from the cluster center are also at z=1.27. Using all 8 of these spectroscopic members, we estimate the velocity dispersion is 700 +/- 180 km/s, similar to that of Abell R=1 clusters in the present epoch. A deep Rosat PSPC observation detects X-ray emission at the 5 sigma level coincident with the nominal cluster center. Assuming that the X-ray flux is emitted by hot gas trapped in the potential well of a collapsed system (no AGN is known to exist in the area), the resulting X-ray luminosity in the rest frame 0.1-2.4 keV band of L_x = 1.5 x 10^44 ergs/s suggests the presence of a moderately large mass. ClG J0848+4453 is the highest redshift cluster found without targetting a central active galaxy.
Metal Complexes of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐2,5‐Disulfonamide are StrongDual Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, although the Ligand Possessesvery Weak such Properties (1995)

Coordination compounds of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) with 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-disulfonamide as ligand were synthesized and characterized by IR and UV spectroscopy, conductimetry and thermogravimetry. The parent ligand is a very weak carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, although it constituted the lead for developing important classes of diuretics. The complex derivatives behave as much stronger CA inhibitors, with IC(50) values around 10(-8)M against isozyme CA II, and 10(-7) M against isozyme CAI.
Triple‐Conducting Layered Perovskites as Cathode Materials for Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2014)

We report on an excellent anode-supported H(+) -SOFC material system using a triple conducting (H(+) /O(2-) /e(-) ) oxide (TCO) as a cathode material for H(+) -SOFCs. Generally, mixed ionic (O(2-) ) and electronic conductors (MIECs) have been selected as the cathode material of H(+) -SOFCs. In an H(+) -SOFC system, however, MIEC cathodes limit the electrochemically active sites to the interface between the proton conducting electrolyte and the cathode. New approaches to the tailoring of cathode materials for H(+) -SOFCs should therefore be considered. TCOs can effectively extend the electrochemically active sites from the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte to the entire surface of the cathode. The electrochemical performance of NBSCF/BZCYYb/BZCYYb-NiO shows excellent long term stability for 500 h at 1023 K with high power density of 1.61 W cm(-2) .
New 2-D Eye-Opening Monitor for Gb/s Serial Links (2013)

This paper presents a new 2-D on-chip eye-opening monitor (EOM) for Gb/s serial links. A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of on-chip EOMs is provided and their pros and cons are investigated. A new hexagon 2-D EOM that outperforms the widely used rectangular 2-D EOMs is introduced and the implementation details are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed EOM is evaluated by embedding it in a serial link implemented in an IBM 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology. For the purpose of comparison, a rectangular 2-D EOM is also included in the same data link. The data link with a variable channel length and attenuation is analyzed using Spectre from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM four device models. Simulation results of the data link demonstrate that the proposed EOM outperforms the rectangular EOM by providing a tightened control of data jitter at the edge of data eyes and by eliminating unnecessary errors flagged by the rectangular EOM.
Copolymerization of a Catechol and a Diamine as a Versatile Polydopamine-Like Platform for Surface Functionalization: The Case of a Hydrophobic Coating (2017)

The covalent functionalization of surfaces with molecules capable of providing new properties to the treated substrate, such as hydrophobicity or bioactivity, has been attracting a lot of interest in the last decades. For achieving this goal, the generation of a universally functionalizable primer coating in one-pot reaction and under relatively mild conditions is especially attractive due to its potential versatility and ease of application. The aim of the present work is to obtain such a functionalizable coating by a cross-linking reaction between pyrocatechol and hexamethylenediamine (HDMA) under oxidizing conditions. For demonstrating the efficacy of this approach, different substrates (glass, gold, silicon, and fabric) have been coated and later functionalized with two different alkylated species (1-hexadecanamine and stearoyl chloride). The success of their attachment has been demonstrated by evaluating the hydrophobicity conferred to the surface by contact angle measurements. Interestingly, these results, together with its chemical characterization by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), have proven that the reactivity of the primer coating towards the functionalizing agent can be tuned in function of its generation time.
Genetics and pathogenesis of malignant hyperthermia (2000)

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially life-threatening event in response to anesthetic triggering agents, with symptoms of sustained uncontrolled skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis resulting in organ and systemic failure. Susceptibility to MH, an autosomal dominant trait, may be associated with congenital myopathies, but in the majority of the cases, no clinical signs of disease are visible outside of anesthesia. For diagnosis, a functional test on skeletal muscle biopsy, the in vitro contracture test (IVCT), is performed. Over 50% of the families show linkage of the IVCT phenotype to the gene encoding the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor and over 20 mutations therein have been described. At least five other loci have been defined implicating greater genetic heterogeneity than previously assumed, but so far only one further gene encoding the main subunit of the voltage-gated dihydropyridine receptor has a confirmed role in MH. As a result of extensive research on the mechanisms of excitation-contraction coupling and recent functional characterization of several disease-causing mutations in heterologous expression systems, much is known today about the molecular etiology of MH.
Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® on the lipid/lipoprotein profile and short chain fatty acids in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial (2017)

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01399996 .
Emerging Developments in the Study of Organizations (1982)

It is suggested that when goals are not achieved, an organization searches for new alternatives and new information. When aspirations are achieved, the search for new alternatives is assumed to be modest, slack accumulates, and aspirations rise. The way in which the simple research model suggested by theories of limited rationality has been developed within organization theory is examined.
MRIMA: An MRAM-Based In-Memory Accelerator (2019)

In this paper, we propose MRIMA, as a novel magnetic RAM (MRAM)-based in-memory accelerator for nonvolatile, flexible, and efficient in-memory computing. MRIMA transforms current spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) arrays to massively parallel computational units capable of working as both nonvolatile memory and in-memory logic. Instead of integrating complex logic units in cost-sensitive memory, MRIMA exploits hardware-friendly bit-line computing methods to implement complete Boolean logic functions between operands within a memory array in a single clock cycle, overcoming the multicycle logic issue in contemporary processing-in-memory (PIM) platforms. We present practical case studies to demonstrate MRIMA's acceleration for binary-weight and low bit-width convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as well as data encryption. Our device-to-architecture co-simulation results on CNN acceleration demonstrate that MRIMA can obtain 1.7× better energy-efficiency and 11.2× speed-up compared to ASICs, and 1.8× better energy-efficiency and 2.4× speed-up over the best DRAM-based PIM solutions. As an advanced encryption standard (AES) in-memory encryption engine, MRIMA shows ~77% and 21% lower energy consumption compared to CMOS-ASIC and recent domain-wall-based design, respectively.
Bilayer paired quantum Hall states and Coulomb drag (2001)

We consider a number of strongly correlated quantum Hall states that are likely to be realized in bilayer quantum Hall systems at total Landau level filling fraction ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{T}=1.$ One state, the $(3,3,\ensuremath{-}1)$ state, can occur as an instability of a compressible state in the large ${d/l}_{B}$ limit, where d and ${l}_{B}$ are the interlayer distance and magnetic length, respectively. This state has a hierarchical descendent that is interlayer coherent. Another interlayer coherent state, which is expected in the small ${d/l}_{B}$ limit is the well-known Halperin $(1,1,1)$ state. Using the concept of composite fermion pairing, we discuss the wave functions that describe these states. We construct a phase diagram using the Chern-Simons Landau-Ginzburg theory and discuss the transitions between the various phases. We propose that the longitudinal and Hall-drag resistivities can be used together with interlayer tunneling to experimentally distinguish these different quantum Hall states. Our work indicates the bilayer ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{T}=1$ quantum Hall phase diagram to be considerably richer than that assumed so far in the literature.
Fabrication of Microcantilever Sensors Actuated by Piezoelectric Pb(Zr<sub>0.52</sub>Ti<sub>0.48</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Thick Films and Determination of Their Electromechanical Characteristics (2005)

Abstract The integration and the device realization of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) thick films on Si substrates are known to be extremely difficult because the processing temperature of the PZT thick film is close to the melting point of Si. However, PZT thick‐film devices on Si warrant attention as they are appropriate for biological transducers; they generate large actuating forces and have a relatively high sensitivity for mass detection, especially in liquids. In this study, Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 thick‐film cantilever devices are successfully fabricated on a Pt/TiO 2 /SiN x /Si substrate using a screen‐printing method and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. Elastic and electromechanical properties such as the Young's modulus and transverse piezoelectric coefficient are determined from microstructural and electrical analyses for further mechanical study. The calculated Young's modulus of the thick film, 53.9 ± 3.85 GPa, corresponds to the resonant frequency obtained from the measured harmonic oscillation response. The transverse piezoelectric constant, d 31 , of –20.7 to –18.8 pC N –1 is comparable to that of a dense thin film. These values promise the possibility of determining the resonance properties of a thick‐film cantilever by designing its structure and then simulating the harmonic oscillation response. Using the PZT thick‐film cantilever, a strong harmonic oscillation with a quality ( Q ) factor of about 23 is demonstrated in water. The observation of strong harmonic oscillation in liquid implies the feasibility of precise real‐time recognition of biomolecules using PZT thick‐film cantilevers.
Urban Air Pollution and Lung Cancer in Stockholm (2000)

We conducted a population-based case-control study among men 40-75 years of age encompassing all cases of lung cancer 1985-1990 among stable residents of Stockholm County 1950-1990. Questionnaires to subjects or next-of-kin (primarily wives or children) elicited information regarding smoking and other risk factors, including occupational and residential histories. A high response rate (>85%) resulted in 1,042 cases and 2,364 controls. We created retrospective emission databases for NOx/NO2 and SO2 as indicators of air pollution from road traffic and heating, respectively. We estimated local annual source-specific air pollution levels using validated dispersion models and we linked these levels to residential addresses using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. Average traffic-related NO2 exposure over 30 years was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.8-1.6) for the top decile of exposure, adjusted for tobacco smoking, socioeconomic status, residential radon, and occupational exposures. The data suggested a considerable latency period; the RR for the top decile of average traffic-related NO2 exposure 20 years previously was 1.4 (1.0-2.0). Little association was observed for SO2. Occupational exposure to asbestos, diesel exhaust, and other combustion products also increased the risk of lung cancer. Our results indicate that urban air pollution increases lung cancer risk and that vehicle emissions may be particularly important.
Effective Multiview Video Coding Using a Scalable Depth Map (2008)

In multiview video coding, the consideration to send a depth map or not is an important issue. If view-synthesis is operated in the decoder part, a depth map of reasonable resolution is needed. Otherwise, the transmission of a depth map is overhead. Scalability of the depth map is a solution to meet this trade-off. In this paper, depth-scalability is adopted to multi-reference MVC. In multi-referencing, the warped view is added as a referencing picture in the current referencing scheme. The proposed scheme results in improved bitrate efficiency in lower layer depth coding in MVC. It is also shown that in the focus of inter-view synthesis in the decoder part, the bitrates are decreased by about 100-500 kbps in the 2nd and 1st layers, and the PSNR is decreased by about 1-3 dB. Therefore, application adaptive depth map scalable coding is an effective way to obtain coding gain.
A hybrid ZVS full-bridge converter with transformer winding series-parallel auto regulated current doubler rectifier (2012)

A two phase ZVS full-bridge converter with a novel hybrid current doubler rectifier structure is proposed in this paper. With the proposed topology, the secondary windings of the transformers work in series when the input voltage is low but in parallel when the input voltage is high. The diode stress on the second winding is reduced and the interleaving operation reduces the current ripple in the output filter. It can be employed in low voltage high current ouput and high power applications. A prototype with 200-400V input and 50V/20A output is built up to verify the theoretical analysis.
Current Concepts of Hemostasis (2004)

The revised model of coagulation has implications for therapy of both hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders. Of particular interest to anesthesiologists is the management of clotting abnormalities before, during, and after surgery. Most hereditary and acquired coagulation factor deficiencies can be managed by specific replacement therapy using clotting factor concentrates. Specific guidelines have also been developed for perioperative management of patients using anticoagulant agents that inhibit platelet or coagulation factor functions. Finally, recombinant factor VIIa has been used off-label as a hemostatic agent in some surgical situations associated with excessive bleeding that is not responsive to conventional therapy.
The number of waves on unstable vortex rings (1978)

An explanation is proposed for the dependence on Reynolds number and other parameters of the number of waves which appear on vortex rings formed by pushing fluid out of a tube. It is shown that the number of waves can be sensitive to the vorticity distribution in the core of the ring. The process of ring formation is discussed and it is concluded that peaked vorticity distributions, limited by viscosity, will occur. Quantitative estimates of the number of waves are made. Agreement with observation is satisfactory.
Accumulation of plasmacytoid DC: Roles in disease pathogenesis and targets for immunotherapy (2010)

Plasmacytoid DC (pDC) secrete type I IFN in response to viruses and RNA/DNA/immunocomplexes. Type I IFN confer resistance to viral infections and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. pDC also produce cytokines and chemokines that influence recruitment and function of T cells and differentiation of B cells. Thus, pDC have been implicated both in protective immune responses and in induction of tolerance. In this Viewpoint, we discuss how the recruitment and accumulation of pDC may impact pathogenesis of several diseases and how pDC can be targeted for therapeutic interventions.