gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of breast biopsies with a modified self-organizing map (1997)

A modified self-organizing map with nonlinear weight adjustments has been applied to reduce the number of breast biopsies necessary for breast cancer diagnosis. Tissue features representing texture information from digital sonographic breast images were extracted from sonograms of benign and malignant breast tumors. The resulting hyperspace of data points was then used in a modified self-organizing map that objectively segments population distributions of lesions and accurately establishes benign and malignant regions. These methods were applied to a group of 102 problematic breast cases with sonographic images, including 34 with malignant lesions. All lesions were substantiated by excisional biopsy. The system can isolate clusters of purely benign lesions from other clusters containing both benign and malignant lesions. The hybrid neural network defined a region in which about 60% of the benign lesions were located exclusive of any malignant lesions. The experimental results also suggest that the modified self-organizing map provides more accurate population distribution maps than conventional Kohonen maps.
Toward Precision and Reproducibility of Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Multicenter Diffusion Phantom and Traveling Volunteer Study (2016)

The results suggest the feasibility of standardizing DTI across 3T scanners from different MR imaging vendors in a large-scale neuroimaging research study.
Femoral-Distal Bypass with In Situ Greater Saphenous Vein Long-term Results Using the Mills Valvulotome (1991)

During a 7-year period, 440 consecutive in situ saphenous vein grafts originating in the groin were performed in 371 patients, exposing the entire vein for valvulotomy with a modified Mills valvulotome. Critical ischemia was the indication for bypass in 68%, and the distal anastomosis was to an infrapopliteal artery in 46%. Thirty-day operative mortality was 2.0%. Postoperative surveillance identified 18 stenotic grafts (4.1%), which were revised while still patent (primary revised patency); 36 grafts (8.2%) underwent revision after graft occlusion (secondary patency). Five-year life-table analysis showed overall primary revised patency of 78%, secondary patency of 83%, limb salvage of 88%, and patient survival of 66%. Femoroperoneal and inframalleolar bypasses fared well. The presence of diabetes did not diminish late graft patency. In contrast to reversed vein grafts, long infrapopliteal in situ grafts had long-term secondary patency similar to shorter femoropopliteal bypass grafts (p > 0.05). These results, coupled with the versatility and simplicity of the technique as used in the present series, suggest that in situ vein grafting is the procedure of choice for long infrapopliteal bypass.
Detecting signal-overshoots for reliability analysis in high-speed system-on-chips (2002)

The rising level of complexity and speed of SoC makes it increasingly vital to test adequately the system for signal integrity. Voltage overshoot is one of the integrity factors that has not been sufficiently addressed for the purpose of testing and reliability. Overshoots are known to inject hot-carriers into the gate oxide and cause permanent degradation of MOSFET transistors' performance. This performance degradation creates a serious reliability concern. Unfortunately, accurate parasitic extraction and simulation to detect the interconnect problems is very time consuming and very sensitive to the circuit characteristics and thus is not practical for large SoC. This paper presents a built-in chip methodology to detect and measure the signal overshoots occurring on the interconnects of high-speed system-on-chips. This built-in test strategy does not require external probing or signal waveform monitoring. Instead, the overshoot detector cells monitor signals received by a core (e.g. from the system bus) and record the occurrence of overshoots over a period of operation. The overshoot information accumulated by these cells can be compressed and scanned out efficiently And inexpensively for final quality grading, reliability analysis and diagnosis.
Split-Belt Treadmill Adaptation Transfers to Overground Walking in Persons Poststroke (2009)

The partial transfer of aftereffects to overground walking suggests that some shared neural circuits that control locomotion for different environmental contexts are adapted during split-belt treadmill walking. The larger adaptation transfer from the treadmill to overground walking in the stroke survivors may be due to difficulty adjusting their walking pattern to changing environmental demands. Such difficulties with context switching have been considered detrimental to function poststroke. However, we propose that the persistence of improved symmetry when changing context to overground walking could be used to advantage in poststroke rehabilitation.
Keyword programming in java (2007)

Keyword programming is a novel technique for reducing the need to remember details of programming language syntax and APIs, by translating a small number of keywords provided by the user into a valid expression. Prior work has demonstrated the feasibility and merit of this approach in limited domains. This paper presents a new algorithm that scales to the much larger domain of general-purpose Java programming. We tested the algorithm by extracting keywords from method calls in open source projects, and found that it could accurately reconstruct over 90% of the original expressions. We also conducted a study using keywords generated by users, whose results suggest that users can obtain correct Java code using keyword queries as accurately as they can write the correct Java code themselves
“Mirai-21” Analytical Electron Microscope - Performance Of The Monochromator (2003)

Journal Article “Mirai-21” Analytical Electron Microscope - Performance Of The Monochromator Get access M Mukai, M Mukai JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Kaneyama, T Kaneyama JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Tomita, T Tomita JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Tsuno, K Tsuno JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Terauchi, M Terauchi Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Tsuda, K Tsuda Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Saitoh, K Saitoh Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Naruse, M Naruse JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Honda, T Honda JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Tanaka M Tanaka Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S02, 1 August 2003, Pages 954–955, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927603444772 Published: 16 July 2003
Mitigating Bystander Privacy Concerns in Egocentric Activity Recognition with Deep Learning and Intentional Image Degradation (2018)

Recent advances in wearable camera technology and computer vision algorithms have greatly enhanced the automatic capture and recognition of human activities in real-world settings. While the appeal and utility of wearable camera devices for human-behavior understanding is indisputable, privacy concerns have limited the broader adoption of this method. To mitigate this problem, we propose a deep learning-based approach that recognizes everyday activities in egocentric photos that have been intentionally degraded in quality to preserve the privacy of bystanders. An evaluation on 2 annotated datasets collected in the field with a combined total of 84,078 egocentric photos showed activity recognition performance with accuracy between 79% and 88% across 17 and 21 activity classes when the images were subjected to blurring (mean filter k=20). To confirm that image degradation does indeed raise the perception of bystander privacy, we conducted a crowd sourced validation study with 640 participants; it showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the amount of image degradation and participants' willingness to be captured by wearable cameras. This work contributes to the field of privacy-sensitive activity recognition with egocentric photos by highlighting the trade-off between perceived bystander privacy protection and activity recognition performance.
An investigation of rare earth chloride mixtures: combinatorial optimisation for AA2024‐t3 corrosion inhibition (2010)

Abstract Rare earth (lanthanides) cations have demonstrated exceptional activity as cathodic corrosion inhibitors for aluminium alloys (AAs). While Ce is generally regarded as the most active, there have been reports of synergistic interactions between mixtures of rare earths, which show increased inhibitive activity. In this study a combinatorial experimental approach was used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition of four rare earth chlorides (Ce, La, Pr, Nd) singly and as mixtures. The estimation of corrosion currents using both potentiodynamic scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provided the quantification of corrosion inhibition. The results were then modelled to determine the best predicted inhibition activity. A partial least squares (PLS) regression indicated that the optimal response directly correlated with the amount of Ce present. From the regression analysis, Ce alone demonstrated the best inhibition activity, with the optimum mixture predicted to contain 100% Ce. The addition of La, Pr or Nd, was not observed to improve the inhibition activity. This study represents one of the first applications of combinatorial design to a fundamental question of corrosion inhibition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Feedback Belief Propagation Algorithm for LDPC Convolutional Codes (2008)

A feedback belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check convolutional codes is proposed. The proposed algorithm can activate the variable nodes more efficiently by applying feedback decoding at each decoding iteration. Compared with the on-demand BP algorithm, the proposed algorithm has a doubled convergence speed and causes only about half of the decoding delay at similar error performances without any increase of storage requirement. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can offer a good trade-off between the error-correcting performance and the decoding complexity.
Studies for the Synthesis of Xenicane Diterpenes. A Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of 4-Hydroxydictyolactone (2009)

The stereocontrolled total synthesis of 4-hydroxydictyolactone (4), a member of the xenicane diterpene family of natural products, is described. These studies feature the development of the B-alkyl Suzuki cross-coupling reaction for direct access to (E)-cyclononenes from acyclic precursors. The Ireland-Claisen rearrangement is effectively utilized to establish the backbone asymmetry of the contiguous C(2), C(3), C(10) stereotriad of 4. The synthesis strategy has devised an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama reductive allylation of a formate ester for the stereoselective formation of five-membered lactols 22. In addition, an internally directed S(E)' propargylation using allenylmagnesium bromide is described to establish the stereochemistry of the C(4) alcohol in 27, and the terminal alkyne is subsequently functionalized via a regioselective syn-silylstannylation to yield 30. Finally, the stereocontrolled phenylselenylation of the ester enolate derived from 43 leads to the desired syn-oxidative elimination to yield the natural product 4.
Tunable Perovskite Semiconductor CH3NH3SnX3 (X: Cl, Br, or I) Characterized by X-ray and DTA (2011)

Abstract A series of perovskite halide solid solutions was synthesized and characterized by DTA and X-ray diffraction. The solid solution CH3NH3SnBr3−xClx (x = 0–3) changes its color from red, orange, yellow to a colorless state with increasing x. Although each highest temperature phase belongs to a cubic system, a slight trigonal distortion was observed above x = 1.0 at room temperature. Similar continuous solid solutions with black colors were confirmed for CH3NH3SnBr3−xIx (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) keeping a cubic perovskite structure over the whole x region. On the other hand, continuous solid solutions CH3NH3SnI3−xClx could not be confirmed. The solid-state static 1H NMR suggested that the isotropic reorientation of the cation does not freeze even at 150 K for the perovskite having a large anionic sublattice. The characteristic changes of the color and the electric structure for these perovskites were discussed analytically on the basis of the tight-binding approach. This simple one-dimensional expression predicts that the tin(II) perovskite halide is a direct band gap semiconductor with tailorable properties.
Minimal error drift in frequency scalability for motion-compensated DCT coding (1994)

The authors mathematically analyze the drift of low-resolution images obtained from a smaller IDCT of a subset of the DCT coefficients of the full-resolution images in motion-compensated hybrid predictive/DCT coding such as MPEG-2, which allows for frequency scalability. Using this mathematical structure, they derive a low-resolution decoder that has the theoretically minimum possible drift, and propose techniques for implementation that produce substantial improvement in real sequences. The minimum drift can also be used as a milestone, to be compared with other techniques of drift reduction (of worse performance but lower complexity). For the case where leakage is used to reduce the drift, the authors determine a minimum-energy non-uniform DCT-domain leakage matrix which is no more complex than uniform leakage, but gives a substantial improvement. Finally, they note that DCT-based pyramidal coding is essentially the same as the drift case, and thus they use the same mathematical structure to derive the theoretically-best upward predictor in pyramidal coding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[The simultaneous determination of permethrin and tetramethrin in their mixed mothproofer formulation by GC]. (1999)

Mixed mothproofer of permethrin and tetramethrin is a new formulation for prevention cloth moth in China. A rapid and specific method is needed to simultaneously determine these two active ingredients. For this purpose, a method by GC was established with a 3% OV-101/Chromosorb WAW DMCS(180-250 microns) column at a temperature of 223 degrees C, by using di-iso-octylsebacate as internal standard. The mean coefficient of variation for permethrin and tetramethrin were 0.20% and 0.19% respectively. Linearity of detector response vs. mass concentration ranged from 0.38-2.6 g/L with r = 0.9999.
Field programmable gate arrays (1999)

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a flexible alternative to custom integrated circuits. They can implement both combinatorial and sequential logic of tens of thousands of gates. Historically, software has been considered "flexible" with hardware its rigid counterpart in system design. All this changed with the shift in the approach to computing: a re-programmable gate array. This gate array is a step above programmable logic devices (PLDs) in complexity. There are several programming technologies available including the static random access memory (SRAM) based FPGA that can be re-programmed any number of times. FPGAs resemble mask-programmed grate arrays (MPGAs) in their modularity, however, they also are capable of field configuration by the user. FPGAs are slightly more expensive in unit cost than application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). But there are no non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs associated with them making FPGAs cost-effective for many applications.
Adaptive and Wireless Recordings of Electrophysiological Signals During Concurrent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2018)

Strong electromagnetic fields that occur during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a challenging environment for concurrent electrophysiological recordings. Here, we present a miniaturized, wireless platform-"MR-Link" (Multimodal Recording Link) that provides a hardware solution for simultaneous electrophysiological and fMRI signal acquisition. The device detects the changes in the electromagnetic field during fMRI to synchronize amplification and sampling of electrophysiological signals with minimal artifacts. It wirelessly transmits the recorded data at a frequency detectable by the MR-receiver coil. The transmitted data is readily separable from MRI in the frequency domain. To demonstrate its efficacy, we used this device to record electrocardiograms and somatosensory evoked potential during concurrent fMRI scans. The device minimized the fMRI-induced artifacts in electrophysiological data and wirelessly transmitted the data back to the receiver coil without compromising the fMRI signal quality. The device is compact (22 mm dia., 2 gms) and can be placed within the MRI bore to precisely synchronize with fMRI. Therefore, MR-Link offers an inexpensive system by eliminating the need for amplifiers with a high dynamic range, high-speed sampling, additional storage, or synchronization hardware for electrophysiological signal acquisition. It is expected to enable a broader range of applications of simultaneous fMRI and electrophysiology in animals and humans.
Antenna Models for Electromagnetic Compatibility Analyses (2012)

This memorandum contains two compilations of antenna parameters. The first one is the collection of rules, regulations, and recommendations regarding antennas that are published by authoritative institutions such as NTIAthe FCC, International Telecommunication Union, RTCA, Inc. (formerly Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics), etc., and are relevant to EMC analyses. The information includes the antenna gain values, reference radiation patterns, sidelobe requirements, and other technical data. Thus, this memorandum is a library of the rules, regulations, and recommendations regarding antennas that are relevant to EMC analyses. This will enable regulators and spectrum managers to easily identify the appropriate antenna parameters for their EMC analyses. The second compilation is the recommendations of antenna parameters for NTIA and the federal agencies to conduct their EMC analysis tasks. NTIA conducts the following EMC analysis tasks for the federal agencies: system review for equipment approval, frequency assignment, and spectrum sharing studies. The official source of antenna parameters for these tasks is the NTIA’s Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management. However, the Manual only provides antenna parameters for some radio services. NTIA technical staff evaluated the characteristics of the radio services, the federal usage of the radio spectrum, and the technical merit and practicality of the antenna parameters in the rules, regulations, and recommendations, and then developed recommendations of antenna parameters for all of the radio services that are compiled in this memorandum.
Computer diagnosis of mammographic masses (2002)

The objective of this work is to provide a probability of malignancy of a mammographic mass to the interpreting physician. Using the location of a mass, it is automatically segmented using fuzzy clustering. Features are extracted from the segmentation results using morphological, first-order statistical, and texture measures. Selection of relevant features is done using sequential selection. Fitness functions are based on the scatter matrices, k-nearest neighbors classifier, or neural network classifier using two-fold cross validation. The diagnosis is then provided by a trained three layer neural network. Feature selection provides a dramatic reduction in the number of required measurements to less than 25 as well as improve the accuracy of the results, from about 70% correct to 82% correct. The area under the ROC curve also increased dramatically. Computer vision applied to mammographic masses results in a very complex data space, that requires careful analysis for the design of a classifier. While further improvements are needed, current results are becoming clinically interesting.
Age-Related Changes in the Compressive Strength of Cancellous Bone. The Relative Importance of Changes in Density and Trabecular Architecture* (1997)

This study provides information concerning the difference in the properties of human cancellous bone as a function of age. Because of the importance of changes in apparent density, non-invasive means can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of cancellous bone in vivo. Thus, it may be possible to predict the risk of fracture and to explain further some aspects of the mechanics of fracture in the elderly.
Geometrical Analysis and Surface Roughness of Cylindrical Rotary Cutting Tools (1970)

The rotary cutting tool was selected as a method to develop cutting performance and to improve cutting efficiency for machining of refractory materials or common used materials. In this paper geometrical analysis of the manufactured cylindrical rotary cutting tool is given for the relief angle, the cutting area and the contact length of cutting edge, and the measured roughness of machined surface is discussed and compared with theoretical values. The results show that it is possible to apply this method to practical use. The main conclusions are as follows : (1) As for the relief angle, the cutting area and the contact length of cutting edge. the relations among major factors such as tool inclination angle, tool radius etc. are determined. Some typical cases are examined with these relations such as that the relief surface dose not contact with machined surface under the constraint.(2) As for the roughness of machined surface, following results were obtaind; Good surface finish was obtained even at low cutting speed. Relative inclination of cutting mark to feed mark was almost equal to the inclination of cutting tool. The measured curves of machined surface fairly coincided with theoretical ones when stable cutting was performed.