gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>KOJAK</i> encodes a cellulose synthase-like protein required for root hair cell morphogenesis in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2001)

The cell wall is an important determinant of plant cell form. Here we define a class of Arabidopsis root hair mutants with defective cell walls. Plants homozygous for kojak (kjk) mutations initiate root hairs that rupture at their tip soon after initiation. The KJK gene was isolated by positional cloning, and its identity was confirmed by the molecular complementation of the Kjk(-) phenotype and the sequence of three kjk mutant alleles. KOJAK encodes a cellulose synthase-like protein, AtCSLD3. KOJAK/AtCSLD3 is the first member of this subfamily of proteins to be shown to have a function in cell growth. Subcellular localization of the KOJAK/AtCSLD3 protein using a GFP fusion shows that KOJAK/AtCSLD3 is located on the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that KOJAK/AtCSLD3 is required for the synthesis of a noncellulosic wall polysaccharide. Consistent with the cell specific defect in the roots of kjk mutants, KOJAK/AtCSDL3 is preferentially expressed in hair cells of the epidermis. The Kjk(-) phenotype and the pattern of KOJAK/AtCSLD3 expression suggest that this gene acts early in the process of root hair outgrowth. These results suggest that KOJAK/AtCSLD3 is involved in the biosynthesis of beta-glucan-containing polysaccharides that are required during root hair elongation.
The Law of June 12, 2001, against Sectarian Movements that Violate Human Rights: Anatomy of a Legislative Debate (2003)

In June 2001, French legislators decided to do what they had so far refused to do, namely to pass a law against sects. This law is paradoxical in that it explicitly targets sects without ever naming nor defining them. It could be seen as a liberal judicial regulation, judging on the basis of facts and not of opinions. The transformation of the offence of mental manipulation into an offence of abuse of the weak should not mask the repressive intent of the legislators. This repressive intent is constrained by the respect of certain principles of civil liberty law, but the legislators have been limited mainly by their inability to define the object of their fear. Being unable to define what is a sect, they had to abandon the more constraining measures. The analysis of the debates reveal a great paucity of the understanding of the sectarian phenomenon. French legislators thereby passively reflect a common perception of public opinion which tends to limit the phenomenon to a few exceptional cases.
3D mesh and multi-view synthesis implementation using stereo cameras and a depth camera (2013)

In this paper, we propose a new method of 3D mesh generation and view synthesis for multi-view video generation. The multi-view video can be produced by a view synthesis method and 3D mesh using RGB+Z images which are composed of one or two RGB images and one depth image. We create 36-view images using the view synthesis method and generate 3D mesh with vertexes and faces for free view rendering. Using the image synthesis method, warping, edge compensation, upsampling and 36-view generation processes are used. For 3D mesh, depth and RGB images are converted to the component of 3D mesh data. The quality of synthesized images is measured by MOS(Mean opinion score).
Syntheses, Structures, and Electroluminescence of New Blue/Green Luminescent Chelate Compounds:  Zn(2-py-in)<sub>2</sub>(THF), BPh<sub>2</sub>(2-py-in), Be(2-py-in)<sub>2</sub>, and BPh<sub>2</sub>(2-py-aza) [2-py-in = 2-(2-pyridyl)indole; 2-py-aza = 2-(2-pyridyl)-7-azaindole] (2000)

Four novel blue/green luminescent compounds, Zn(2-py-in)2(THF) (1), BPh2(2-py-in) (2), Be(2-py-in)2 (3), and BPh2(2-py-aza) (4), where 2-py-in = 2-(2-pyridyl)indole and 2-py-aza = 2-(2-pyridyl)-7-azaindole, have been synthesized and fully characterized. The 2-py-in ligand and 2-py-aza ligand in the new compounds are chelated to the central atom. Compounds 2−4 are air stable and readily sublimable, with a melting point above 250 °C. In the solid state, compounds 1−4 have an emission maximum at λ 488, 516, 490, and 476 nm, respectively. The structures of compounds 2 and 4 are similar. The blue shift of emission energy displayed by compound 4, in comparison to that of 2, is attributed to the presence of an extra nitrogen atom in the 2-py-aza ligand as confirmed by ab initio calculations on compounds 2 and 4. Electroluminescent devices of compounds 3 and 4 were fabricated by using N,N‘-di-1-naphthyl-N,N‘-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) as the hole transporting layer, Alq3 (q = 8-hydroxyquinolato) as the electron transporting layer, and compound 3 or 4 as the light emitting layer. At 20 mA/cm2 the EL device of 3 has an external efficiency of 1.06 cd/A while the EL device of 4 has an external efficiency of 2.34 cd/A, demonstrating that compounds 3 and 4 are efficient and promising emitters in electroluminescent devices.
CORRIM: Life-Cycle Environmental Performance of Renewable Building Materials (2004)

JUNE 2004 Assessments of material flows and their environmental consequences are increasingly needed to address an expanding list of environmental performance issues. An analysis of the flow of mass, energy, and carbon from resources (such as a forest or mine pit) to products, and ultimately to disposal in a landfill or by recycling, is a complex undertaking. Any attempt to identify the environmental consequences of the life-cycle of houses constructed from alternative materials is burdened by enormous data requirements in order to characterize each stage of a product’s life-cycle. The complexity of modern house construction exacerbates the analysis, because many products made from different materials are used. In addition, the time element associated with the growth of forests, the manufacturing of the wood products, and the duration of the useful life of a house and its many components adds another layer of complexity. In 1996, the Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM) was formed by 15 research institutions as a nonprofit entity that would undertake research on the use of wood as a renewable material. In 1998, CORRIM published a 22-module research plan and protocol (CORRIM 1998) to develop a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for residential structures and other wood uses. The research plan required development of a complete life-cycle inventory (LCI) of all environmental inputs and outputs from forest regeneration through product manufacturing, building construction, use, maintenance, and disposal. Later, CORRIM published a summary and a Phase I Interim Report on the progress with a provisional LCI dataCORRIM: Life-Cycle Environmental Performance of Renewable Building Materials
A User‐Friendly, All‐Purpose Pd–NHC (NHC=N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Precatalyst for the Negishi Reaction: A Step Towards a Universal Cross‐Coupling Catalyst (2006)

We have developed the first user-friendly Negishi protocol capable of routinely cross-coupling all combinations of alkyl and aryl centers. The use of an easily synthesized, air stable, highly active, well-defined precatalyst PEPPSI-IPr (1; PEPPSI=pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation, stabilization and initiation; IPr=diisopropylphenylimidazolium derivative) substantially increases the scope, reliability, and ease-of-use of the Negishi reaction. All organohalides and routinely used pseudohalides were excellent coupling partners, with the use of chlorides, bromides, iodides, triflates, tosylates, and mesylates resulting in high yield of the coupled product. Furthermore, all reactions were performed by using general laboratory techniques, with no glove-box necessary as the precatalyst was weighed and stored in air. Utilization of this methodology allowed for the easy synthesis of an assortment of sterically encumbered biaryls and druglike heteroaromatics, demonstrating the value of the PEPPSI-IPr system. Furthermore, this is also the first time Pd-NHC (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) methodology has surpassed the related phosphine-ligated Negishi processes both in activity and use.
A Single VHH-Based Toxin-Neutralizing Agent and an Effector Antibody Protect Mice against Challenge with Shiga Toxins 1 and 2 (2013)

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major cause of severe food-borne disease worldwide, and two Shiga toxins, Stx1 and Stx2, are primarily responsible for the serious disease consequence, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Here we report identification of a panel of heavy-chain-only antibody (Ab) V(H) (VHH) domains that neutralize Stx1 and/or Stx2 in cell-based assays. VHH heterodimer toxin-neutralizing agents containing two linked Stx1-neutralizing VHHs or two Stx2-neutralizing VHHs were generally much more potent at Stx neutralization than a pool of the two-component monomers tested in cell-based assays and in vivo mouse models. We recently reported that clearance of toxins can be promoted by coadministering a VHH-based toxin-neutralizing agent with an antitag monoclonal antibody (MAb), called the "effector Ab," that indirectly decorates each toxin molecule with four Ab molecules. Decoration occurs because the Ab binds to a common epitopic tag present at two sites on each of the two VHH heterodimer molecules that bind to each toxin molecule. Here we show that coadministration of effector Ab substantially improved the efficacy of Stx toxin-neutralizing agents to prevent death or kidney damage in mice following challenge with Stx1 or Stx2. A single toxin-neutralizing agent consisting of a double-tagged VHH heterotrimer--one Stx1-specific VHH, one Stx2-specific VHH, and one Stx1/Stx2 cross-specific VHH--was effective in preventing all symptoms of intoxication from Stx1 and Stx2 when coadministered with effector Ab. Overall, the availability of simple, defined, recombinant proteins that provide cost-effective protection against HUS opens up new therapeutic approaches to managing disease.
[Use of reconstituted basal membranes for the study of invasion of human tumor cells: current status and future prospects]. (1990)

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of death of oncology patients. One of the characteristic properties acquired by the metastatic cell is the ability to cross basement membranes. These are compartments of extracellular matrix composed largely by collagen type IV, laminin and a heparan sulphate proteoglycan. Here we review the use of a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) in the Boyden chamber assay (Chemoinvasion Assay) for the assessment of the invasiveness of tumor cells of human origin. The possibility of using this test for the rapid evaluation of human tumor specimens from operated patients is discussed.
Partheno-Genetic Algorithm for Test Instruction Generation (2008)

Test case generation is the classic method in finding software defects, and test instruction generation is one of its typical applications in embedded chipset systems.In this paper, the optimized partheno-genetic algorithm(PGA) is proposed after a 0-1 integer programming model is set up for instruction-set test cases generation problem. Based on simulation, the proposed model and algorithm achieve a convincing computational performance, in most cases 50%~70%, instruction-set test cases with better ability of error detecting obtained using this algorithm could save the execution time up to 3 seconds. Besides, it also avoids the problem of using complicated crossover and mutation operations that traditional genetic algorithm shave.
Adaptive Cancellation of Nonlinear Intersymbol Interference for Voiceband Data Transmission (1984)

Two related cancellation techniques based on "tentative" decisions are proposed for removing intersymbol interference, due to channel nonlinearities, for voiceband data transmission. Cancellation of intersymbol interference avoids the need for equalizing or "inverting" analog nonlinear operations as in the decision-feedback method previously proposed by Falconer. The nonlinear cancellation approach removes nonlinear interference terms without excessive noise enhancement and allows effective implementation with ROM's to generate the needed nonlinear signal variables that are to be weighted and summed. The first technique can be incorporated as an "add-on" unit to a present-day modem; the second technique requires a different receiver architecture but offers somewhat enhanced improvement. Simulation results for 9.6 kbit/s data transmission over nonlinear channel models show that both techniques can offer substantial performance improvements for 16-point QAM systems.
Purification and properties of streptococcal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (1975)

Highly purified streptococcal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (NADase) was obtained by utilizing disodium tetrathionate to protect the enzyme by blocking the sulfhydryl groups of streptococcal proteinase. This was followed by two-step ion-exchange chromatography. The pure enzyme, demonstrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, had a specific activity of 11,200 NADase units per mg of protein and was devoid of hemolytic activity. NADase had a molecular weight of about 55,000 as determined by gel filtration, by summation of amino acid residues, and by sodium dodecyl sulfate/gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme had optimal activity at pH 7.3 and at 40 C and a calculated Km of 5.1 times 10- minus 4 mM. It was inhibited by alpha-iodoacetamide.
Facile Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐2‐propanones from Aromatic Amine (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simulations and design of microfabricated interdigitated electrodes for use in a gold nanoparticle enhanced biosensor (2016)

Microfabricated interdigitated electrode chips have been designed for use in a unique gold-nanoparticle based biosensor system. The use of these electrodes will allow for simple, accurate, inexpensive, and portable biosensing, with potential applications in diagnostics, medical research, and environmental testing. To determine the optimal design for these electrodes, finite element analysis simulations were carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results of these simulations determined some of the optimal design parameters for microfabricating interdigitated electrodes as well as predicting the effects of different electrode materials. Finally, based on the results of these simulations two different kinds of interdigitated electrode chips were made using photolithography.
A channel estimation-based adaptive equaliser for time-variant communications channels (2002)

For the purpose of tackling the problem of equalisation in a time variant environment, a novel approach is developed which uses two finite impulse response filters; one is a channel estimator and the other is an equalisation filter. The gradient algorithm with degree 1 least-square fading memory prediction is adopted for the channel estimator. Using the results produced by the channel estimator, the coefficients of the equalisation filter are indirectly updated. Computer simulation results show that the channel estimation based adaptive equaliser provides significant improvement in the case of a second order Markov communication channel model.
Towards a framework for analysis of eye-tracking studies in the three dimensional environment: a study of visual search by experienced readers of endoluminal CT colonography (2014)

This article describes a novel set of metrics that can be used to describe gaze behaviour when eye tracking readers during interpretation of 3D medical images. These metrics build on those established for 2D eye tracking and are applicable to increasingly common 3D medical image displays.
Extending DNS to support geocasting towards VANETs: A proposal (2010)

The delivery of IP packets to a set of elements lying within a designated geographical area, also known as geocasting, is an important aspect in vehicular networks. Geocast messages can be used, for instance, to warn drivers about road conditions (e.g., weather hazards) and therefore prevent accidents. In order for geocasting to work on the Internet, IP addresses must be associated with geographical coordinates, either temporary (vehicles in transit on a road) or permanently (roadside units along the road). However, finding IP nodes within specified geographical areas is still an open issue, even though several proposals have been made. The objective of this paper is to introduce a novel proposal to extend DNS capabilities in order to support geocast.
The direct application of the polymerase chain reaction to DNA extracted from foods (1995)

Two methods for the successful extraction of DNA from foods are described. The rapid lysis method uses a proteinase K buffer system to lyse cells and solubilize food samples. DNA is then precipitated using isopropanol. The second method achieves cell lysis using toluene and mutanolysin, and solubilization using guanidium thiocyanate. Following protein removal with organic solvents DNA is precipitated with isopropanol. Both methods enabled the polymerase chain reaction to be applied directly to DNA extracted from samples of cheese, coleslaw and raw chicken and allowed the direct rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Yersinia enterocolitica, Aerococcus viridans and Listeria monocytogenes in these foods.
Active heat transfer enhancement in integrated fan heat sinks (2012)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
The Superconducting Properties of [001] Twist Boundaries in a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor (1992)

Critical temperature ( T c ) and critical current density ( J c ) of [001]-twist bicrystals of the Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x were measured as a function of twist angle. The resistivity-temperature curve of the bicrystal showed a long tail, which was enhanced as the applied current increased. The J c values of the bicrystals are 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than that of single crystals but relatively high J c values were obtained for bicrystals at Σ5 and Σ17 coincidence orientation relationships. It was indicated that the [001] twist boundary in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x was the weak link, and is suggested that there existed a less detrimental grain orientation.
Inhibition of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts using small molecule compounds (2013)

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been developed as anti-inflammatory agents and have demonstrated clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated if JAK-3-selective inhibition alone could disrupt cytokine signalling in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. In-vitro studies were performed using synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with RA. Levels of activated JAK and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins were detected by immunoblot analysis. Target-gene expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or real-time PCR. The JAK inhibitors CP-690,550 and INCB028050 both suppressed activation of JAK-1/-2/-3 and downstream STAT-1/-3/-5, as well as the expression levels of target proinflammatory genes (MCP-I, SAA1/2) in oncostatin-M (OSM)-stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. In contrast, the JAK-3-selective inhibitor, PF-956980, suppressed STAT-1/-5 activation but did not affect STAT-3 activation in OSM-stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. In addition, PF-956980 significantly suppressed MCP-1 gene expression, but did not block SAA1/2 gene expression in OSM-stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. These data suggest that JAK-3-selective inhibition alone is insufficient to control STAT-3-dependent signalling in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, and inhibition of JAKs, including JAK-1/-2, is needed to control the proinflammatory cascade in RA.
Value Proposition of Lithium Ion versus Pb-Acid for Military Vehicles (2014)

<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>This paper will focus on understanding the value proposition associated with utilizing advanced lithium-ion 6T solutions versus legacy Pb-acid 6Ts for military ground vehicles. The value proposition will include an analysis of the benefits associated with lithium-ion 6T batteries and reduction in life cycle cost (LCC). The analysis of benefits will include comparative discharge curves at various rates and temperatures, discuss enhancements features such as an integrated battery management system that provides real-time battery diagnostics via CANBus J1939 protocol, increased power/energy density, reduced charge time and increased cycle life. The LCC analysis will investigate acquisition cost comparison, replacement rates, and reduced installation &amp; transportation costs. The LCC analysis concludes with a detailed review of how the lithium-ion 6T solution can drastically reduce the operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) cost of the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) over its 20 year life.</p>
Spy&Go purification of SpyTag-proteins using pseudo-SpyCatcher to access an oligomerization toolbox (2019)

Peptide tags are a key resource, introducing minimal change while enabling a consistent process to purify diverse proteins. However, peptide tags often provide minimal benefit post-purification. We previously designed SpyTag, forming an irreversible bond with its protein partner SpyCatcher. SpyTag provides an easy route to anchor, bridge or multimerize proteins. Here we establish Spy&Go, enabling protein purification using SpyTag. Through rational engineering we generated SpyDock, which captures SpyTag-fusions and allows efficient elution. Spy&Go enabled sensitive purification of SpyTag-fusions from Escherichia coli, giving superior purity than His-tag/nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid. Spy&Go allowed purification of mammalian-expressed, N-terminal, C-terminal or internal SpyTag. As an oligomerization toolbox, we established a panel of SpyCatcher-linked coiled coils, so SpyTag-fusions can be dimerized, trimerized, tetramerized, pentamerized, hexamerized or heptamerized. Assembling oligomers for Death Receptor 5 stimulation, we probed multivalency effects on cancer cell death. Spy&Go, combined with simple oligomerization, should have broad application for exploring multivalency in signaling.
Visual Semantic Role Labeling (2015)

In this paper we introduce the problem of Visual Semantic Role Labeling: given an image we want to detect people doing actions and localize the objects of interaction. Classical approaches to action recognition either study the task of action classification at the image or video clip level or at best produce a bounding box around the person doing the action. We believe such an output is inadequate and a complete understanding can only come when we are able to associate objects in the scene to the different semantic roles of the action. To enable progress towards this goal, we annotate a dataset of 16K people instances in 10K images with actions they are doing and associate objects in the scene with different semantic roles for each action. Finally, we provide a set of baseline algorithms for this task and analyze error modes providing directions for future work.