gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Is Wrong with the Machine? (2004)

The thin personal scale was only a fantasy. In fact, the author had no knowledge of scales whatsoever, and no clue about the mechanisms that made them work. A spiral-tube prototype was developed and it did not work as a scale because the plastic tubing expanded under pressure, as well as overnight; it did not retain a constant volume, and that affected the water pressure. In addition, the top plate was somehow supported from below, which meant that some of the load did not translate into water pressure. It did not simply float, as it should have. Over the next two months, cross sections and several prototypes were produced in close succession and they all failed again. Solly's knowledge of scales was less than rudimentary, and since there could not be any progress without real load cells, he relinquished the scale quest for a while and concentrated instead on the land and housing markets of Bangkok. It was necessary to get physically closer to the knowledge frontier before he could make more progress on the scale front.
Classification Analysis of Good and Bruised Peeled Apple Tissue Using Optical Reflectance (1985)

ABSTRACT Aset of linear distinguishing equations ^as developed by maximizing the differences between the group means of the linear transformed distribution of measured optical values on good and bruised apple tissue. These equations were then used to calculate distances of each sample to its transformed mean of good and bruised classes. When the five apple varieties under study were classified with this technique, the maximum misclassification was 2%. Judging by the computed Mahalanobis distances using the measured reflectance data of peeled apple tissue at 16 wavelengths, Macintosh, Greening and Northern Spy apple varieties showed great potential for effective mechanical sorting while Spartan and Red Delicious showed less potential. Based on the F-statistics the number of wavelength used on the Northern Spy variety was reduced from sixteen to five. After they were applied to classify the available sample data, a validity test was carried out.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Selective Epitaxial Grown Germanium on Silicon (2013)

Germanium (Ge) waveguides selectively grown on Silicon (Si) in oxide trenches are chemical mechanical polished (CMP) using a mixture of commercial CMP slurries with H2O2 and deionized (DI) water dilution at a pH value of around 3. The abrasive concentration reduction due to dilution effectively lowers the Ge removal rate. Pattern density effects are also studied and show a lower removal rate with higher pattern density. Two commercial slurries are used for the Ge CMP. The W2000 based slurry is more suitable for blanket Ge films or Ge waveguides with high pattern density, delivering a moderate removal rate (200 nm/min to 600 nm/min) and minimal dishing with good time control. The G1000 based slurry works better for Ge waveguides with low pattern density. We achieved only 10 nm dishing during 60s over-polishing due to the lower Ge dissolution rate compared to the W2000 based slurries.
Small‐Molecule Lipid‐Bilayer Anion Transporters for Biological Applications (2013)

The development of small-molecule lipid-bilayer anion transporters for potential future use in channel replacement therapy for the treatment of diseases caused by dysregulation of anion transport (such as cystic fibrosis), and in treating cancer by perturbing chemical gradients within cells, thus triggering apoptosis, is an area of intense current interest. This Minireview looks at recent developments in the design of small-molecule transmembrane anion transporters and focuses on the progress so far in employing these compounds in biological systems.
Three-dimensional optical metrology with color-coded extended depth of focus (1999)

A novel method of rapid three-dimensional optical metrology that is based on triangulation of a configuration of color-coded light stripes is presented. The method exploits polychromatic illumination and a combined diffractive-refractive element, so the incident light is focused upon a stripe that is axially dispersed, greatly increasing the depth-measuring range without any decrease in the axial or the lateral resolution. The discrimination of each color stripe is further improved by spectral coding and decoding techniques. An 18-fold increase in the depth of focus was experimentally obtained while diffraction-limited light stripes were completely maintained.
Clinical Evaluation of the Automated COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR Test Version 2.0 for Quantifying Serum Hepatitis C Virus RNA and Comparison to the Quantiplex HCV Version 2.0 Test (2000)

A second-generation hepatitis C virus (HCV) quantitative assay (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR Test, version 2.0; COBAS HCM-2) has been developed, with the intention of achieving equivalent quantification of all HCV genotypes and improving assay performance. To evaluate the clinical performance of COBAS HCM-2 and its utility in predicting the response to alpha interferon treatment, sera from 215 chronic hepatitis C patients were analyzed and the results were compared with those obtained by the Quantiplex bDNA HCV RNA, version 2.0, assay (bDNA-2). The COBAS HCM-2 had significantly greater sensitivity than bDNA-2 (94.9 versus 88.4%; P < 0.001) when performed with sera from chronic hepatitis C patients who were viremic by a qualitative PCR test. The standard deviations for the within-run and between-run reproducibilities of COBAS HCM-2 were <0. 1 and <0.2, respectively, and it showed an improved linear range between genotypes with the threefold serial dilutions tested (r(2) = 0.986 to 0.995). The COBAS HCM-2 results were positively correlated with the bDNA-2 results, but the values for COBAS HCM-2 were on average 0.96 log lower than the values for bDNA-2. The mean difference in quantification values between these two assays did not differ among samples with different genotypes (0.70 to 1.00 log). No genotype-dependent difference in viral load was observed. The pretreatment viral load was significantly lower in complete responders. By using multivariate analysis, the viral load 2 weeks after the initiation of alpha interferon treatment was the strongest predictor of a complete response. In conclusion, COBAS HCM-2 demonstrated good sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility and efficiency equal to that of bDNA-2 for the quantification of HCV genotypes 1 and 2. Hence, this assay provides a rapid and reliable method for the quantification of HCV RNA in serum and is useful for the planning of interferon treatment.
Characterization of lactose transport in Kluyveromyces lactis (1983)

We have determined that lactose uptake in Kluyveromyces lactis is mediated by an inducible transport system. Induction, elicited by lactose or galactose, of the transporter required protein synthesis. Transport of lactose required an energy-generating system and occurred by an active process, since an intracellular lactose concentration 175 times greater than the extracellular concentration could be obtained. The Km for lactose transport was about 2.8 mM in uninduced and lactose- or galactose-induced cells. The lactose transporters in K. lactis and Escherichia coli appear to be different since they respond uniquely to inhibition by substrate analogs.
15 Gbps Wireless Link Using W-band Resonant Tunnelling Diode Transmitter (2018)

A 15 Gbps wireless link over 50 cm distance is reported in this paper. A high power and low phase noise resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillator is employed as the transmitter. The fundamental carrier frequency is 84 GHz and the maximum output power is 2 mW without any power amplifier. The measured phase noise value was -79 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz and -96 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The modulation scheme used was amplitude shift keying (ASK). The 15 Gbps data link showed a correctable bit error rate (BER) of 4.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , while lower data rates of 10 Gbps and 5 Gbps had BER of 3.6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> and 1.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> , respectively.
Antipsoriatic anthrones with modulated redox properties. 1. Novel 10-substituted 1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (1993)

The syntheses, the biological evaluation, and the structure-activity relationships of a novel series of 1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones bearing acyl-, alkyl-, or alkylidene-linked aromatic substituents in the 10-position are described. The phenylacyl and phenylalkylidene analogs were far more potent inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) from bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (IC50 values in the 10(-7) M range) than the antipsoriatic drug anthralin, whereas phenylalkyl analogs were only weak inhibitors. Among the active compounds were both potent generators of hydroxyl radicals, as determined by deoxyribose degradation, and strong reducers of the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). However, several derivatives of this series maintained 5-LO inhibitory activity but did not generate hydroxyl radicals and were not reactive with DPPH. In particular, phenylacyl analogs were also 6 times more efficient in inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes than anthralin. Structure-activity relationships have shown that the presence of free phenolic groups in the attached aromatic ring is beneficial but not required for 5-LO inhibitory potency. The inhibitory potency in the 10-phenylacyl series increased with the length of the acyl chain with three methylene units being the optimum, suggesting a specific enzyme interaction which would not be expected for nonspecific redox inhibitors.
Recentering U.S. Empire: A Structural Perspective on the Color Line (2018)

In the past 20 years, scholars of top sociology and race and ethnicity articles increasingly have mentioned the term “color line.” Prominent among them are sociologists concerned with how incoming waves of Latin American and Asian immigration, increasing rates of intermarriage, and a growing multiracial population will affect the U.S. racial order. While much of this work cites Du Bois, scholars stray from his definition of the color line in two ways. First, they characterize the color line as unidimensional and Black–white rather than as many divisions between non-white people and whites. Second, scholars portray the color line as the outcome of microlevel factors rather than the product of international geopolitical arrangements. I contend that in contrast to scholarship that portrays immigrants and intermarried and multiracial people as shifting the color line, international and imperial policies related to immigration, intermarriage, and multiracial identification are longstanding sites of the construction of the U.S. racial order. Scholars should conceptualize the United States as an empire state in order to analyze the international political history of multiple color lines. In doing so, they can distinguish between differences in kind and degree of racial divisions.
Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy of AlAr<i><sub>N</sub></i> Clusters (2003)

Experimental and theoretical studies are reported of the multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of selected AlArN clusters (N = 2−54). Resonantly enhanced 1uv + 1vis and 2vis + 1vis ionization spectra are recorded of neutral clusters employing a laser-ablation/pulsed supersonic expansion source and time-of-flight mass spectrometric cluster-ion detection. The spectra are dominated by broad red- and blue-shifted asymmetric bands in the neighborhood of the 308 and 303 nm atomic Al 3p → 3d and 4p lines. The detailed structures of these bands and the observed degree of their spectral shifts with increasing cluster size are attributed on the basis of concomitant ab initio theoretical calculations to interplay among a number of factors, including (i) the comparable strengths of spin−orbit-split anisotropic (2P1/2)Al−(1S0)Ar interactions and Ar−Ar mutual attractions, responsible for predicted external-site Al atom locations on distorted icosahedral ArN structures, (ii) avoided crossings in the nearly degenerate AlArN potential energy surfaces accessed by one- and two-photon atomic Al 3p → 3d and 4p excitations, giving rise to the red- and blue-shifted spectral profiles, and (iii) significant dynamical rearrangement and parent cluster-ion fragmentation following ionization, resulting in Al+ArM signals that generally reflect the absorption cross sections of an ensemble of larger prior clusters (AlArN, N > M). Additionally, nonuniformity in the cluster-size distribution of the incident molecular beam is inferred from the calculated and measured spectra and must be incorporated in the development for a completely satisfactory accounting between theory and experiment. Comparisons with the results of earlier experimental studies of the ionization potentials of AlArN clusters also underscore the importance of dynamical parent-ion rearrangement and fragmentation, consequent of the increased Ar solvation of the Al+ radical in the equilibrium Al+ArM cluster-ion structures. The reported multiphoton ionization cluster-ion spectra are evidently highly sensitive to the details of the atomic Ar arrangements around the Al chromophore and accordingly provide a spectroscopic probe of the nature and evolution of the Al trapping sites and cluster geometries with increasing cluster size when the complex electronic and vibrational phenomena underlying the measurements are appropriately interpreted.
Reduced Virulence of Group A Streptococcal Tn <i>916</i> Mutants That Do Not Produce Streptolysin S (1998)

Streptolysin S (SLS) is a potent cytolytic toxin produced by nearly all group A streptococci (GAS). SLS-deficient Tn916 insertional mutants were generated from two clinical isolates of GAS, MGAS166s and T18Ps (M serotypes 1 and 18, respectively), by transposon mutagenesis using Tn916 donor strain Enterococcus faecalis CG110. Representative nonhemolytic transconjugants SBNH5 and SB30-2 each harbored a single Tn916 insertion in identical loci. The insertion in SBNH5 was located in the promoter region of an open reading frame, designated sagA, rendering it transcriptionally inactive. Protease, streptolysin O, and DNase activities and the production of M protein remained the same in the nonhemolytic mutants and the wild-type strains, as did the growth rates and exoprotein profiles. Transconjugants were evaluated in an established murine model by injecting the organisms subcutaneously and monitoring the mice for alterations in weight and the development of necrotic lesions. Animals infected with SBNH5, compared to those infected with MGAS166s, gained weight during the first 24 h (+1.15 versus -1.16 g; P < 0.05) and had fewer necrotic lesions (0 versus 7; P = 0.0007). Animals infected with SB30-2, compared to those infected with T18Ps, also gained weight within the first 24 h (+0.54 versus -0.66 g; P < 0.05) and produced fewer necrotic lesions (1 versus 8; P = 0.001). Revertants of the mutants in which Tn916 had been excised regained the hemolytic phenotype and the virulence profile of the wild-type strains. This study demonstrates that SLS-deficient mutants of GAS, belonging to different M serotypes and containing identical Tn916 mutations, are markedly less virulent than their isogenic parents.
Analysis of storage conditions of a wheat silo-bag for different weather conditions by computer simulation (2013)

A validated mathematical model was used to analyse grain storage condition and determine the change in concentration of CO2 in a silo-bag holding wheat from summer to winter for a typical productive region with sub-tropical (Saenz Peña, Chaco Province), intermediate (Pergamino, Buenos Aires Province) and temperate weather conditions (Balcarce, Buenos Aires Province) in Argentina. Initial moisture content of grain was set to 12, 14 and 16% w.b and bagging temperatures to 25 °C and 40 °C. For base conditions (12% w.b; 25 °C) CO2 level increased to 4% V/V and O2 decreased to 15.5% V/V in Balcarce while in Saenz Peña CO2 level increased to 6% V/V and O2 decreased to 13.9% V/V. For wet grain (16% w.b; 25 °C and 40 °C), O2 depleted to less than 1% V/V at the three locations. The grain mean temperature in combination with the CO2 and O2 levels achieved in the silo-bags demonstrate that, for the climatic conditions of southern and central regions of Argentina, insect control is feasible in silo-bags. Mean dry matter loss for all the storage conditions was estimated and compared to the critical limit for safe storage of grain and seeds; it did not exceed limits that would reduce commercial quality, although seed could be affected when stored wet and during the summer.
Effects of the lipase inhibitors, Triton WR‐1339 and tetrahydrolipstatin on the synthesis and secretion of lipids by rat hepatocytes (1991)

The lipase inhibitors, Triton WR-1339 and tetrahydrolipstatin, were incubated with rat hepatocytes. Triton WR-1339 increased the recovery of triacylglycerol in the hepatocytes and incubation medium by 31% and 38%, respectively. Tetrahydrolipstatin decreased the accumulation of newly synthesized, and of total triacylglycerol in the medium. This compound might be useful in determining mechanisms involved in intracellular triacylglycerol metabolism and the secretion of very low density lipoproteins.
β‐Oestradiol rescues ΔF508CFTR functional expression in human cystic fibrosis airway CFBE41o<sup>−</sup> cells through the up‐regulation of NHERF1 (2008)

These results demonstrate that beta-oestradiol-dependent up-regulation of NHERF1 significantly increases DeltaF508CFTR functional expression in CFBE41o(-) cells.
A 2Gb/s bi-directional inter-chip data transceiver with differential inductors for high density inductive channel array (2007)

A 2Gb/s bi-directional inter-chip data transceiver is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in 180nm CMOS technology. Two orthogonal differential inductor pairs are vertically overlapped to make a bi-directional channel. Using these channels, bi-directional communication system is established without any complex circuit techniques. The crosstalk interference problem in channel array is also considered. Differential inductors, due to their noise immunity can make shorter pitches possible in channel array. Compared with the data link with conventional inductor array, this proposed technique achieves 2 times higher channel density with the same speed.
Eye Movement Disorders (2008)

Eye Movement Disorders, by Dr. Agnes Wong, fills a great void in the Ophthalmology and Neurology literature by presenting eye movement disorders in a full-color, highly illustrative format. This text explains eye movement disorders in a concise yet comprehensive manner, which makes it an excellent reference book and an outstanding learning text for anyone trying to master the intricate relationship between eye movement disorders, and their underlying neuroanatomy and pathophysiology. Its easy-to-read and user-friendly approach will appeal to specialists in Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery who need a rapid reference on less familiar clinical problems. Key features include: Provides a coherent, concise, and easy to assimilate description and explanation of different eye movement disorders Presents over 100 full-color clinical photographs, radiographs, and color illustrations highlighting pertinent anatomy and brain pathways Highlights key information and important features through boxes, tables, and algorithms
Characteristics of a Corona Reactor as a Gas Purifier for Excimer Laser (1998)

We developed a corona reactor, a new gas purifier without liquid nitrogen, to remove gaseous impurities from the excimer laser gas, because the impurities from the discharge affect the laser output power negatively. The electrodes of the corona reactor are arranged to co-axial construction, where a cylindrical tube is used as an anode electrode and a wire cathode is set at the center of the cylindrical anode.This paper describes the experimental results of the corona reactor under the practical excimer laser operation. The corona reactor was run to efficienc tests for 6×108 shots of excimer laser pulses. During the long operation, the reactor removed the impurities well so that laser output power went down as little as the case of the conventional gas-purifier with liquid nitrogen. The electrical characteristics of the reactor showed no degradation during the experiments.
Electrically Conductive PEDOT Coating with Self-Healing Superhydrophobicity (2014)

A self-healing electrically conductive superhydrophobic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coating has been prepared by chemical vapor deposition of a fluoroalkylsilane (POTS) onto a PEDOT film, which was obtained by electrochemical deposition. The coating not only maintained high conductivity with a low resistivity of 3.2 × 10(-4) Ω·m, but also displayed a water contact angle larger than 156° and a sliding angle smaller than 10°. After being etched with O2 plasma, the coating showed an excellent self-healing ability, spontaneously regaining its superhydrophobicity when left under ambient conditions for 20 h. This superhydrophobicity recovery process was found to be humidity-dependent, and could be accelerated and completed within 2 h under a high humidity of 84%. The coating also exhibited good superhydrophobicity recovering ability after being corroded by strong acid solution at pH 1 or strong base solution at pH 14 for 3 h.
The allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regulate the function of T helper 17 cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis in an in vitro co-culture system (2012)

In vitro co-culture with MSCs down-regulated the inflammatory response of PBMCs from RA patients with severe disease activity, but had no significant effect on PBMCs from healthy controls or patients with mild disease activity, suggesting that the immunoregulatory role of MSCs may associate with the occurrence of inflammatory mediators.
The Materials Science beamline upgrade at the Swiss Light Source (2013)

The Materials Science beamline at the Swiss Light Source has been operational since 2001. In late 2010, the original wiggler source was replaced with a novel insertion device, which allows unprecedented access to high photon energies from an undulator installed in a medium-energy storage ring. In order to best exploit the increased brilliance of this new source, the entire front-end and optics had to be redesigned. In this work, the upgrade of the beamline is described in detail. The tone is didactic, from which it is hoped the reader can adapt the concepts and ideas to his or her needs.