gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Sleepiness-Induced Lapsing and Cognitive Slowing (SILCS) Model: Predicting Fatigue Effects on Warfighter Performance (2000)

The Sleepiness-Induced Lapsing and Cognitive Slowing (SILCS) model is designed to improve the credibility and accuracy of synthetic warfighters used in high fidelity simulation systems. The empirically derived SILCS model describes sleep deprivation and time-of-day effects on performance in terms of the influence of two phenomena - general response slowing and lapsing. The former produces small increases in response time while the latter causes significant increases and errors.
Inhibitors of Lipase Activities in Soybean and Other Oil Seeds (1984)

In the cotyledon extracts of seedlings of many oil seeds, including soybean, sunflower, cucumber, and peanut, the in vitro lipase activity was too low to account for the observed in vivo lipolysis. The low in vitro lipase activity was due to the presence of lipase inhibitors in the extracts. The inhibitors from soybean were characterized based on their effects on the hydrolysis of trilinolein by corn, pancreatic, and Rhizopus lipases. The inhibitors were not dialyzable and unaltered by RNase and β-galactosidase treatment. However, they were sensitive to heating and protease digestion. The inhibitory effect of the inhibitors was expressed irrespective of the sequence of the addition of lipase, substrate, and inhibitors to the assay medium. The inhibitory effect was equally expressed when the inhibitors were added either before or after the lipase reaction had been in progress. The inhibitory effect of the inhibitors was independent of the amount of lipase present in the assay, but was dependent on the amount of substrate added. High substrate concentration eliminated totally the inhibitory effect of the inhibitors. Most of the inhibitors were recovered in the soluble fraction in subcellular fractionation. They were present in the 2-4S and not in the 7S, and 11S (storage proteins) protein fraction. There was a gradual decrease of the inhibitors in the cotyledons in the postgerminative growth. We suggest that the inhibitors are proteins which bind to the surface of the substrate micelles. The binding prevents the normal functioning of lipase which acts on the interfacial area between the aqueous medium and the micelle surface.
Alzheimer’s disease: pathological mechanisms and the beneficial role of melatonin (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly complex neurodegenerative disorder of the aged that has multiple factors which contribute to its etiology in terms of initiation and progression. This review summarizes these diverse aspects of this form of dementia. Several hypotheses, often with overlapping features, have been formulated to explain this debilitating condition. Perhaps the best-known hypothesis to explain AD is that which involves the role of the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide in the brain. Other theories that have been invoked to explain AD and summarized in this review include the cholinergic hypothesis, the role of neuroinflammation, the calcium hypothesis, the insulin resistance hypothesis, and the association of AD with peroxidation of brain lipids. In addition to summarizing each of the theories that have been used to explain the structural neural changes and the pathophysiology of AD, the potential role of melatonin in influencing each of the theoretical processes involved is discussed. Melatonin is an endogenously produced and multifunctioning molecule that could theoretically intervene at any of a number of sites to abate the changes associated with the development of AD. Production of this indoleamine diminishes with increasing age, coincident with the onset of AD. In addition to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, melatonin has a multitude of other functions that could assist in explaining each of the hypotheses summarized above. The intent of this review is to stimulate interest in melatonin as a potentially useful agent in attenuating and/or delaying AD.
Cross sections for nuclide production in 1 GeV proton-irradiated<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>208</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi></mml:math> (2002)

We measure 114 nuclide-production cross sections for an isotopically enriched ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ target bombarded with 1.0 GeV protons. The cross sections are determined using direct \ensuremath{\gamma} spectrometry with a high-resolution Ge detector. The cross sections are compared to another experiment which used \ensuremath{\gamma} spectrometry with a natural Pb target; our results average 7.5% less for nuclides measured in common. They are also compared to a kinematically inverse reaction of 1 GeV/nucleon ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ interacting with a hydrogen target; we find our results average 15% higher than those for (a different set of) common nuclides. We find there is a systematic discrepancy between the cross sections found from the two very different experimental techniques. We also compare our measurements to eight different models. We find most are fairly reliable in predicting cross sections for nuclides not too far away in mass from Pb, but differ greatly in their reliability for nuclides in the deep-spallation and fission mass regions. In the spallation region $(A\ensuremath{\gtrsim}155),$ the CEM2K code, which includes an intranuclear cascade, followed by a preequilibrium stage, leading finally to equilibrium decay, gives the best representation of our data. In the center of the fission/fragmentation mass region, the INUCL code is the most accurate. INUCL includes the same basic ingredients of cascade, preequilibrium, and evaporation, but differs considerably in details. It also contains a comprehensive fission model, which is lacking in CEM2K. No simulation code tested is reliable for the entire mass range of nuclides measured.
Multiport wireless access system using fiber/coax networks for personal communications services (PCS) and subscriber loop applications (2002)

This paper presents the multiport system concept for interconnecting the radio ports of a microcellular personal communications services (PCS) network or wireless local loop. The radio ports are low-cost since they have minimal functionality. Air interface signals are transported without demodulation from radio ports to a central hub. The scheme exploits the availability of existing fiber/coax infrastructure. A novel feature is that the radio ports are dynamically assigned to capacity-sharing groups depending on the traffic needs. Within a group, the radio ports simply simulcast the radio signals and share dedicated cable spectrum and call-processing hardware. This proposal, with its resource sharing and dynamic capacity allocation benefits, is applicable to various air interface formats. The proposal features a low start-up cost upon service introduction and low cost of service in low-traffic and low-penetration areas. It also allows graceful upgrade to the capacity allowed by small microcells without requiring any modification of the radio ports or transport infrastructure.
Geographic Routing Using Hyperbolic Space (2007)

We propose a scalable and reliable point-to-point routing algorithm for ad hoc wireless networks and sensor-nets. Our algorithm assigns to each node of the network a virtual coordinate in the hyperbolic plane, and performs greedy geographic routing with respect to these virtual coordinates. Unlike other proposed greedy routing algorithms based on virtual coordinates, our embedding guarantees that the greedy algorithm is always successful in finding a route to the destination, if such a route exists. We describe a distributed algorithm for computing each node's virtual coordinates in the hyperbolic plane, and for greedily routing packets to a destination point in the hyperbolic plane. (This destination may be the address of another node of the network, or it may be an address associated to a piece of content in a Distributed Hash Table. In the latter case we prove that the greedy routing strategy makes a consistent choice of the node responsible for the address, irrespective of the source address of the request.) We evaluate the resulting algorithm in terms of both path stretch and node congestion.
A New Class of Fluorescent Boronic Acids That Have Extraordinarily High Affinities for Diols in Aqueous Solution at Physiological pH (2010)

The boronic acid group is an important recognition moiety for sensor design. Herein, we report a series of isoquinolinylboronic acids that have extraordinarily high affinities for diol-containing compounds at physiological pH. In addition, 5- and 8-isoquinolinylboronic acids also showed fairly high binding affinities towards D-glucose (K(a)=42 and 46 M(-1), respectively). For the first time, weak but encouraging binding of cis-cyclohexanediol was found for these boronic acids. Such binding was coupled with significant fluorescence changes. Furthermore, 4- and 6-isoquinolinylboronic acids also showed the ability to complex methyl α-D-glucopyranose (K(a)=3 and 2 M(-1), respectively).
Microengineering methods for cell-based microarrays and high-throughput drug-screening applications (2011)

Screening for effective therapeutic agents from millions of drug candidates is costly, time consuming, and often faces concerns due to the extensive use of animals. To improve cost effectiveness, and to minimize animal testing in pharmaceutical research, in vitro monolayer cell microarrays with multiwell plate assays have been developed. Integration of cell microarrays with microfluidic systems has facilitated automated and controlled component loading, significantly reducing the consumption of the candidate compounds and the target cells. Even though these methods significantly increased the throughput compared to conventional in vitro testing systems and in vivo animal models, the cost associated with these platforms remains prohibitively high. Besides, there is a need for three-dimensional (3D) cell-based drug-screening models which can mimic the in vivo microenvironment and the functionality of the native tissues. Here, we present the state-of-the-art microengineering approaches that can be used to develop 3D cell-based drug-screening assays. We highlight the 3D in vitro cell culture systems with live cell-based arrays, microfluidic cell culture systems, and their application to high-throughput drug screening. We conclude that among the emerging microengineering approaches, bioprinting holds great potential to provide repeatable 3D cell-based constructs with high temporal, spatial control and versatility.
Update on pancreatic cancer (2002)

Pancreatic cancer remains the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in males and females in the beginning of this new millennium. The 5-year survival for all stages remains less than 5%. The frequent diagnosis at late stages of the disease limits the role of surgery as a curative modality in pancreatic cancer. Despite recent advances, systemic treatment continues to have a limited role in the adjuvant setting, and chemotherapy is mostly palliative in advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. The differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies is, many times, challenging. Advances in the understanding of the disease biology may help in better diagnosis and treatment approaches. Clinical trials with molecular targeting agents are starting to emerge.
Herbicidal Activity of Cineole Derivatives (2010)

Essential oils and their constituents have potential as ecologically acceptable pesticides that may also have novel modes of action. In this work hydroxy and ester derivatives of the naturally occurring monoterpenoids 1,8-cineole 3, the main component in most eucalyptus oils, and 1,4-cineole 4 were prepared and their pre-emergence herbicidal activity against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and radish (Raphanus sativus var. Long Scarlet) investigated in laboratory-based bioassays. 1,8-Cineole, eucalyptus oil and all derivatives showed a dose-dependent herbicidal activity against annual ryegrass and radish with many of the derivatives showing improved herbicidal activity relative to 1,8-cineole and high-cineole eucalyptus oil. Increased activity of cineole ester derivatives compared to their associated hydroxy-cineole and carboxylic acid was not observed. No relationship between lipophilicity of the carboxylic acid portion of cineole ester derivatives and herbicidal activity was observed. The results indicate that these cineole derivatives could be environmentally acceptable herbicides.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> ECF sigma factor <i>sigC</i> is required for lethality in mice and for the conditional expression of a defined gene set (2004)

Bacterial alternative RNA polymerase sigma factors are key global adaptive response regulators with a likely role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. We constructed a mutant lacking the sigma factor gene, sigC, by allelic exchange, in the virulent CDC1551 strain of M. tuberculosis and compared the resulting mutant with the isogenic wild-type strain and complemented mutant strain. In vitro, compared to the wild-type and complemented strains, the mutant was found to have similar ability to survive in both murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and activated J774 macrophages. In time-to-death experiments in the mouse model, the DeltasigC mutant was significantly attenuated, causing no death in infected mice whereas the wild-type and complemented strains caused 100% mortality within 235 days after aerosol infection with a median time to death of 170 days. Mouse organ bacterial burdens indicated that the mutant proliferated and persisted at the same level as the wild-type and complemented strains in lung tissue and was able to persist in mice without causing death for > 300 days. A complete genomic microarray study demonstrated that SigC modulates the expression of several key virulence-associated genes including hspX, senX3 and mtrA, encoding the alpha-crystallin homologue, a two-component sensor kinase and a two-component response regulator respectively. Altered expression of a subset of these genes was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Analysis of genes modulated by SigC also revealed a putative consensus DNA recognition sequence for SigC of SSSAAT-N(16-20)-CGTSSS (S = C or G). Promoter recognition for one of these genes was confirmed by in vitro transcription analysis after purification of recombinant SigC and reconstitution of an Esigma(C) RNA polymerase holoenzyme. These data indicate that the M. tuberculosis transcription factor SigC governs expression of an important M. tuberculosis regulon and is essential for lethality in mice, but is not required for bacterial survival in this species. These observations place the DeltasigC mutant in a class of M. tuberculosis mutants which persist in tissues but are attenuated in their ability to elicit lethal immunopathology.
Cross-Line Pedestrian Counting Based on Spatially-Consistent Two-Stage Local Crowd Density Estimation and Accumulation (2018)

This paper proposes a scalable approach for counting pedestrians crossing a virtual line when the crowd is highly dynamic and possibly extremely dense. The approach mainly consists of two parts: local crowd density estimation and pedestrian counting based on accumulating local densities across the line. To obtain a fine estimation of local crowd densities, we divide the neighborhood at the line into a number of blocks. We enforce spatial consistency between local counts in the blocks and those in the enclosing regions to guarantee consistent estimation of local crowd densities. For scalability to various density levels in crowd density estimation, we propose a two-stage strategy: pre-classification of density levels and subsequent regression with overlapped operational ranges. To count pedestrians crossing the virtual line, we accumulate the crowd densities across the line according to the locally estimated velocities. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its scalability to crowdedness.
The Effects of Red Blood Cell Suspending Media on Hemagglutination and the Antiglobulin Test (1979)

Evaluation of the effects of four suspending media for test cells in antibody detection and identification is reported. The media under investigation are normal saline, low ionic strength salt solution, 22% bovine albumin and polymerized albumin. Hemagglutination at 37 C was enhanced in the test systems employing polymerized albumin. With shortened incubation times, the antiglobulin test was enhanced in tests against red blood cells suspended in the low ionic strength salt solution. When incubation times were extended to 30 minutes, all suspending media were apparently equally effective.
Some Analgesic Agents Derived from Oxazolidine-2,4-dione (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Analgesic Agents Derived from Oxazolidine-2,4-dioneM. A. SpielmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 8, 1244–1245Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01236a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01236a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Near-Field Adaptive Beamforming With Distance Discrimination (2004)

This paper proposes a robust near-field adaptive beamformer for microphone array applications in small rooms. Robustness against location errors is crucial for near-field adaptive beamforming due to the difficulty in estimating near-field signal locations especially the radial distances. A near-field regionally constrained adaptive beamformer is proposed to design a set of linear constraints by filtering on a low rank subspace of the near-field signal over a spatial region and frequency band such that the beamformer response over the designed spatial-temporal region can be accurately controlled by a small number of linear constraint vectors. The proposed constraint design method is a systematic approach which guarantees real arithmetic implementation and direct time domain algorithms for broadband beamforming. It improves the robustness against large errors in distance and directions of arrival, and achieves good distance discrimination simultaneously. We show with a nine-element uniform linear array that the proposed near-field adaptive beamformer is robust against distance errors as large as /spl plusmn/32% of the presumed radial distance and angle errors up to /spl plusmn/20/spl deg/. It can suppress a far field interfering signal with the same angle of incidence as a near-field target by more than 20 dB with no loss of the array gain at the near-field target. The significant distance discrimination of the proposed near-field beamformer also helps to improve the dereverberation gain and reduce the desired signal cancellation in reverberant environments.
A study of BEOL resistance mismatch in double patterning process (2015)

Matched circuit components are widely used in logic circuits including resistors, capacitors and transistors. Any variations in those components could cause mismatch in circuit performance. In advanced technology nodes, double patterning (litho/etch/litho/etch) process has been introduced to pattern BEOL metal and via levels. Two patterning steps (litho/etch/litho/etch) with two sets of masks for litho printing and with two independent etch processes, could result in pattern dimension difference which leads to resistance and capacitance (RC) mismatch. In wire or via heavily dominated logic circuits, this RC mismatch may be sensitive to design-matched circuit components. In this paper, we studied resistance mismatch in 14nm BEOL metal level where the double patterning process is used. The mismatch of metal resistance between two locations with same-mask design and two-mask design are studied. The mismatch systematic mean offset and random variability have been discussed. The methodology of determining whether the mismatch is dominated by systematic mean offset or random variability and how to quantify the mismatch variability has been introduced and discussed in this paper.
Thermodynamic Evaluation of Gas Turbine Cogeneration Cycles: Part II—Complex Cycle Analysis (1987)

Complex open gas turbine cycles are analyzed by applying the heat balance method presented in Part I of this paper. Reheating, intercooling, regeneration, steam injection, and steam cooling are evaluated graphically to give a visual perspective of what takes place in terms of the overall heat balance when such complexities are introduced to the cycle. An example of a viable, new, intercooled regenerative cycle is given. A second example of a prototype reheat gas turbine is also included. The overall approach using the heat balance method can be applied to various cogeneration configurations when considering the more complex cycles of the future.
Contrast echocardiography in critical care: echoes of the future? A review of the role of microsphere contrast echocardiography (2011)

Echocardiography is an important diagnostic modality in the critical care setting. It is a safe, non-invasive bedside investigation that provides important cardiac structural, functional and haemodynamic information. However, in up to 25% of scans, the images are non-diagnostic, which can have a significant impact on patient diagnosis and management. Contrast echocardiography, using contrast microspheres coupled with contrast-specific ultrasound imaging modalities, overcomes many of the limitations that cause suboptimal echocardiograms in the critical care environment. These microspheres are haemodynamically inert and have the same intravascular rheology as red blood cells. By using the differential oscillating properties of myocardium and microspheres, contrast echocardiography can enhance the blood pool-myocardial interface, thus improving endocardial definition. Consequently, this technique can be used to improve the accuracy, feasibility and reproducibility of transthoracic echocardiography. The technique is well accepted and indicated for improving the image quality in suboptimal scans, and for the assessment of global and regional left ventricular (LV) function and LV ejection fraction. It also has a significant role to play in enhancing LV morphology (for conditions such as apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pseudoaneurysm and non-compaction), assessing intracardiac masses and evaluating LV thrombus. Contrast echocardiography is of benefit in various clinical settings, particularly the critical care setting. Here it can salvage a non-diagnostic transthoracic echocardiogram, thus avoiding an alternative, more invasive investigation, while remaining a truly bedside, non-invasive investigative procedure. Future applications for contrast echocardiography could include use as a perfusion modality, enhancement of three-dimensional echocardiography, and targeted delivery of gene therapy.