gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Tokamak Ohmic Flux Saving by Transient Coaxial Helicity Injection in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (2010)

Transient coaxial helicity injection (CHI) started discharges in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) have attained peak currents up to 300 kA and when coupled to induction, it has produced up to 200 kA additional current over inductive-only operation. CHI in NSTX has shown to be energetically quite efficient, producing a plasma current of about 10 A/J of capacitor bank energy. In addition, for the first time, the CHI-produced toroidal current that couples to induction continues to increase with the energy supplied by the CHI power supply at otherwise similar values of the injector flux, indicating the potential for substantial current generation capability by CHI in NSTX and in future toroidal devices.
Capturing Multi-Resolution Context by Dilated Self-Attention (2021)

Self-attention has become an important and widely used neural network component that helped to establish new state-of-the-art results for various applications, such as machine translation and automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the computational complexity of self-attention grows quadratically with the input sequence length. This can be particularly problematic for applications such as ASR, where an input sequence generated from an utterance can be relatively long. In this work, we propose a combination of restricted self-attention and a dilation mechanism, which we refer to as dilated self-attention. The restricted self-attention allows attention to neighboring frames of the query at a high resolution, and the dilation mechanism summarizes distant information to allow attending to it with a lower resolution. Different methods for summarizing distant frames are studied, such as subsampling, mean-pooling, and attention-based pooling. ASR results demonstrate substantial improvements compared to restricted self-attention alone, achieving similar results compared to full-sequence based self-attention with a fraction of the computational costs.
An improved and combined reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for reliable detection of metastatic melanoma cells in peripheral blood (1997)

The application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of metastatic melanoma cells in peripheral blood has been used by a number of different scientific groups with both encouraging and discouraging results. We describe an improved, combined RT-PCR assay for tyrosinase mRNA, which can detect a single, viable melanoma cell in 10-15 ml of peripheral blood. The assay has been found to be highly sensitive, reproducible, cost-effective and clinically applicable. Furthermore, we developed a simple but effective procedure which prevents carry-over contamination. We present evidence indicating that the chance of obtaining normal melanocyte contamination with the needle prick during blood sampling is only 2% among all skin categories. It was found that the phenomenon of illegitimate transcription does not contribute to sporadic false positives. We conclude that the assay, as described here, is of clinical relevance and is a potentially powerful tool for studying various aspects of melanoma biology.
Single-step implant isolation of <i>p</i>+-InP with 5-MeV O ions (1992)

The applicability of a single, 5-MeV O implant for electrical isolation of epitaxial p+-InP layers on semi-insulating InP substrates has been investigated. For such an implant, the ion range is several times that of the epitaxial layer and, consequently, end-of-range disorder is buried deep within the substrate. Though sheet resistances of ∼5×106 Ω/sq were achieved, irradiation-induced conduction in the substrate limits the maximum sheet resistance attainable. The single, high-energy implant scheme has been compared with a multiple, low-energy implant sequence. For a given level of disorder in the epitaxial layer, the latter yields higher sheet-resistance values though the former offers significant process simplification.
Cytoplasmic Retinoid-Binding Proteins and Retinoid Effects on Insulin Release in RINm5F β-Cells (1989)

Vitamin A (retinol) is required for insulin secretion, and retinoic acid substitutes for retinol in this function. To determine if retinol acts at the beta-cell level, we assayed beta-cells of the rat insulinoma (RINm5F) line for cytosolic retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and [3H]retinol and [3H]retinoic acid binding to cytosol extracts. Furthermore, we tested whether insulin release from cells was affected by addition of retinol or retinoic acid to culture medium. RINm5F cells were grown to near confluence before assay of CRBP and CRABP. Scatchard analysis showed the Kd for retinol to be approximately 6 nM at a level of 4.5 pmol/mg protein or 300,000 sites/cell. Sucrose density-gradient assay showed single discrete peaks migrating at 2S for both retinol and retinoic acid. RIA of whole-cell extracts showed CRBP and CRABP levels of 5.27 +/- 0.41 and 2.95 +/- 0.75 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Retinol (1.75 microM) and retinoic acid (0.175 and 1.75 microM) increased KCl-induced insulin release. Considered together, the presence of CRBP and CRABP in a beta-cell line and the increase in KCl-induced insulin release by retinol and retinoic acid are consistent with the idea that retinol has a functional role in insulin secretion and suggest a potential mechanism of action at the beta-cell level similar to that observed in other retinoid-responsive cells.
Prevalence of Sinew String in patients coming to a tertiary care hospital of Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study (2020)

Introduction: Sinew strings are frenum or wrinkle like entity of mandibular distal buccal mucosa which is frequently encountered in the population. Sinew strings play an important role in determining the width and buccal extension of the denture flange of mandibular complete denture. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from 17th June 2020 to 20th September 2020. Convenient sampling (n=245) was done. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Data analysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Among the study population (n=245 participants), sinew string was seen in 35% of the participants. The frequency of sinew string present bilaterally was 19% while it was present unilaterally in 16% of the population. Conclusions: The presence of sinew string in the sampled Nepalese population showed a higher prevalence than previous studies.
Topology error identification by least absolute value state estimation (2002)

This paper describes an approach by which the status of circuit breakers which are not directly monitored can be determined. The approach combines a previously proposed circuit breaker model with the least absolute value (LAV) state estimation method for this purpose. The ability of the LAV estimators to reject inconsistent measurements is exploited in order to decide whether a circuit breaker is closed or open. The formulation of the LAV state estimation is accordingly modified to include the circuit breaker models and associated constraints. The proposed approach is implemented and tested. Simulation results for single and multiple circuit breaker configurations are given. Robustness of the approach against analog measurement errors is also demonstrated by examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frequency Dependence of Ultrasonic Attenuation and Velocity on Plastic Deformation (1957)

The dependence of ultrasonic attenuation and velocity on plastic deformation in 2S aluminum is compared at two frequencies, five and ten megacycles, and the comparison shows agreement as regards frequency dependence with what one can expect from dislocation damping theory.
Genetic Characterization of Recombination-Deficient Mutants of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1974)

Recombination-deficient (rec), radiation-sensitive mutations in Bacillus subtilis are grouped in at least seven distinct loci. Map positions are determined for six of these loci.
New type of piezoelectric transformer with very high power density (2002)

A new innovative multilayer PT design for operation with high power density and frequencies up to several MHz is presented. The design is based on a ring-shaped element operating in thickness vibrational mode, where the primary and secondary sides are separated by an isolation layer. Prototypes with intricate geometry, a result of FEM simulations for maximising the effective coupling factor of the working mode and suppressing spurious modes, are presented. Initial results show power densities above 40 W/cm/sup 3/ at efficiencies above 98%. This is a clear improvement over present state-of-the-art transformers. The flexibility of the general design with respect to changing power levels and transformation ratios opens a variety of new markets in the electronics industry.
Introduction (2017)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides a critical analysis of Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) development and research. It also provides all those who care for our built heritage and seek better tools with which to record its value, clarifies its significance, and conserves it in the long term. The book reviews and to an extent categorise the varying approaches that have formed the genesis of HBIM. It talks about the viewpoint of a heritage practitioner in defining how HBIM can enhance management activities. The book discusses the goals of HBIM to determine progress to date and progress still required. It explores restoration methods and philosophies in the context of HBIM. The book focuses on the performance modelling of heritage buildings to inform planning to fully test and also explores the impacts and outcomes and determine the sustainability of the resources required before implementation.
Second Generation Intramedullary Nailing of Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures: A Biomechanical Study of Fracture Site Motion (2002)

For simple, well-reduced fractures the choice of implant is not critical. As fracture severity increased (comminution, gap, and combined neck fracture), the choice of implant, particularly with reference to proximal nail dimensions and implant materials, was a significant factor in reducing fracture site motion. Therefore, our laboratory data suggest that when subtrochanteric fractures are unstable (e.g., comminution, segmental bone loss) and early weight bearing is desirable, the choice of implant is critical and should be restricted to implants that allow minimal fracture site motion (Long Gamma and Russell-Taylor).
한국철학 : 회재 이언적의 예학사상 연구 -『봉선잡의』를 중심으로- (2003)

본 연구는 晦齋 李彦迪(1491~1553)의 예학사상을, 『奉先雜儀』를 중심으로 고찰한 것이다. 이언적은 성리학의 이론에 대한 이해가 심화되던 16세기 전반기에, 성리학의 이론정립과 유교의례의 보급에 선구적인 위치에 있었던 인물이다. 회재의 철학은 理의 절대성을 강조하는 主理的 경향을 지니고 있으며, 또한 `主敬`에 입각한 下學上達의 수양론을 제시하여, 현상계에서의 實理 추구의 경향을 보이고 있다. 『奉先雜儀』는 『주자가례』가 조선사회에 뿌리내리는 과정에서 나오는, `家禮`에 관한 최초의 구체적인 성과물이다. 『봉선잡의』는 祭禮를 시행하는 절차와 의미에 관하여 서술해 놓은 제례지침서로서, 이는 단순히 제례의 행위절차에 그치지 않고 제례의 理論과 實際를 모두 다루고 있다는 점에 특징이 있다. 이에서 회재가 유교의례의 토착화과정에서 단순히 의례의 형식만을 답습하지 않고 예의 본질에 대한 이해를 추구했음을 알 수 있다. 또한 회재는 『주자가례』를 조선사회에 시행하면서 이를 당시의 時俗이나 國制와 조화시켜 적용함으로써, 예의 본질적 의미를 살리고자 하였다. 이러한 점에서 회재의 예학사상은 예의 본질에 입각한 합리성을 추구하였다고 하겠다. 이처럼 회재의 예학사상은, 조선전기에 『주자가례』가 우리의 고유한 時俗과 절충하고 조화하며 土着化하는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 이러한 유교의례의 토착화에 대한 노력을 기반으로, 조선사회의 禮治主義가 확립될 수 있었던 것이다.
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplants Using Umbilical-Cord Blood (2001)

Transplantation of umbilical-cord blood was successfully performed for the first time in 1988 to treat a boy with Fanconi's anemia; the donor, the boy's newborn sister, was a perfect HLA match for her brother.1 Since then, the advantages of cord blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation have become clear. First, the proliferative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in cord blood is superior to that of cells in marrow or blood from adults. A 100-ml unit of cord blood contains 1/10 the number of nucleated cells and progenitor cells (CD34+ cells) present in 1000 ml of marrow, . . .
Preparation of all <i>trans</i>‐retinoic‐11‐<sup>3</sup>H acid and all <i>trans</i>‐retinyl‐11‐<sup>3</sup>H acetate (1981)

Abstract Trans ‐ionylidineacetaldehyde‐1‐ 3 H ( 3 ) was obtained by reduction of unlabeled aldehyde ( 1 ) with lithium borotritide, followed by reoxidation of the tritio alcohol ( 2 ). Condensation of aldehyde ( 3 ) with triethyl 3‐methyl‐4‐phosphonocrotonate ( 7 ), followed by saponification of the retinoic ethyl ester ( 8 ), afforded trans ‐retinoic‐11‐ 3 H acid ( 9 ). Esterification of the crystalline acid with diazomethane, and subsequent reduction of the methyl trans ‐retinoate‐11‐ 3 H with lithium aluminum hydride, yielded trans ‐retinol‐11‐ 3 H, which was acetylated in situ to give trans ‐retinyl‐11‐ 3 H acetate ( 10 ).
Habitat Association of<i>Klebsiella</i>Species (1985)

The genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that "K. pneumoniae" actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae--humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca--frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena--unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola--sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis--infrequently detected (primarily with humans).
Placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in patients with partial seizures (1993)

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine (300 and 500 mg/day) as add-on therapy in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of 216 patients with refractory partial seizures. During 6 months of treatment, median seizure frequency decreased by 8% with placebo, 20% with 300 mg lamotrigine, and 36% with 500 mg lamotrigine. Seizure frequency decreased by > or = 50% in one-third of the 500-mg group and one-fifth of the 300-mg group. Reductions in seizure frequency and seizure days were statistically significant, compared with placebo, for the 500-mg group but not the 300-mg group. Most adverse events were minor and resolved over time. Nine percent of patients on lamotrigine withdrew because of adverse experiences. Lamotrigine plasma concentrations appeared to be a linear function of dose, and the drug did not affect plasma concentrations of concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine was safe, effective, and well tolerated as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures.
Endogenous KLF4 Expression in Human Fetal Endothelial Cells Allows for Reprogramming to Pluripotency With Just OCT3/4 and SOX2—Brief Report (2010)

iPSCs can be generated from HUVECs with only 2 nononcogenic factors. The use of fetal cells for reprogramming without oncogenic factors may provide an efficient in vitro model for human iPSC research, as well as a novel source for possible therapeutic use.
ChemInform Abstract: SILANE REDUCTIONS IN ACIDIC MEDIA PART 3, REDUCTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES TO ALCOHOLS AND ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES, GENERAL SYNTHESES OF ALCOHOLS, SYMMETRICAL ETHERS, CARBOXYLATE ESTERS, AND ACETAMIDES (1974)

Abstract Aldehyde und Ketone (I) werden mit Silanen wie (II) in wäß?g‐saurem Medium zu den Carbinolen (III) reduziert; die Äther (IV) entstehen nur zu geringen Anteilen, werden jedoch in wasserfreien sauren Medien zu den Hauptprodukten.
Viscoelastic Properties of Poly(phenylene ethers). II. 2-Methyl-6-alkyl-Substituted Polymers (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTViscoelastic Properties of Poly(phenylene ethers). II. 2-Methyl-6-alkyl-Substituted PolymersB. Cayrol, A. Eisenberg, J. F. Harrod, and P. RocaniereCite this: Macromolecules 1972, 5, 6, 676–682Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60030a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60030a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On Scheduling Data Loading and View Maintenance in Soft Real-time Data Warehouses (2009)

Data warehouses contain historic data providing information for analytical processing, decision making and data mining tools. However, several business intelligence applications nowadays require access to real-time data to make sound decisions. As a consequence, there is a great demand to incorporate new data from sources to the data warehouse as fast as possible. That motivates the construction of real-time data warehouse. Despite high demand, moving from a traditional data warehouse to a real-time one is not straightforward since we have to deal with the problem of efficiently scheduling various activities, viz., updates, view maintenances and OLAP transactions in a timely manner. In addition, OLAP transactions are now associated with deadlines (transaction timeliness) and data freshness requirement (data timeliness). Balancing between these two requirements poses another challenge in real-time data warehousing context. In this paper, we present an efficient technique aimed at updating data and performing view maintenance for real-time data warehouses while still enforcing these two timing requirements for the OLAP transactions. Our proposed approach aims at addressing the issues of applying updates and performing view maintenance while still effectively serving user OLAP queries in real-time data warehouse environment. Through extensive empirical studies, we demonstrate the efficiency of ORAD in achieving the goal of building a real-time data warehouse. 1
Ligand-Bound Quantum Dot Probes for Studying the Molecular Scale Dynamics of Receptor Endocytic Trafficking in Live Cells (2008)

Endocytic receptor trafficking is a complex, dynamic process underlying fundamental cell function. An integrated understanding of endocytosis at the level of single or small numbers of ligand bound-receptor complexes inside live cells is currently hampered by technical limitations. Here, we develop and test ligand nerve growth factor-bound quantum dot (NGF-QD) bioconjugates for imaging discrete receptor endocytic events inside live NGF-responsive PC12 cells. Using single particle tracking, QD hybrid gel coimmunoprecipitation, and immuno-colocalization, we illustrate and validate the use of QD-receptor complexes for imaging receptor trafficking at synchronized time points after QD-ligand-receptor binding and internalization (t = 15-150 min). The unique value of these probes is illustrated by new dynamic observations: (1) that endocytosis proceeds at strikingly regulated fashion, and (2) that diffusive and active forms of transport inside cells are rapid and efficient. QDs are powerful intracellular probes that can provide biologists with new capabilities and fresh insight for studying endocytic receptor signaling events, in real time, and at the resolution of single or small numbers of receptors in live cells.
Study on a method of steam wetness measurement based on microwave resonant cavity (2009)

A method of wetness measurement based on microwave resonant cavity perturbation for wet steam is presented. The dielectric characteristic of wet steam in turbine was analyzed. The dielectric constant of wet steam only depends on the humidity of the steam at a certain temperature. The humidity of the wet steam can be attained by measuring the frequency deflection of the resonant cavity when the wet steam flows through the cavity. A system of steam wetness measurement based on this method and a resonant cavity with special structure were designed. The resonant cavity which has a three-ring network separator at each end is the most suitable cavity. The deposition film on the cavity interior wall is very thin when wet steam flows through the resonant cavity, and it is only a few microns. The influence of water film on measurement result can be neglected. Comparing with the thermodynamic methods and optic methods, the system of this method is simple and can be achieved online for measuring the humidity of flowing wet steam. This method has a high precision.
The Relationship Among Three Futures Markets: An Example of the Importance of Speculation (1961)

Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis
One-Minute Schirmer Test With Anesthesia (2003)

Our results support the hypothesis that shorter durations of the 5-minute Schirmer test correlate highly with those of the 5-minute test. Specifically, the 1-minute test correlates highly with the 5-minute test and will make this test much more practical for ophthalmologists.
Characterization of BreR Interaction with the Bile Response Promoters <i>breAB</i> and <i>breR</i> in Vibrio cholerae (2012)

The Vibrio cholerae BreR protein is a transcriptional repressor of the breAB efflux system operon, which encodes proteins involved in bile resistance. In a previous study (F. A. Cerda-Maira, C. S. Ringelberg, and R. K. Taylor, J. Bacteriol. 190:7441-7452, 2008), we used gel mobility shift assays to determine that BreR binds at two independent binding sites at the breAB promoter and a single site at its own promoter. Here it is shown, by DNase I footprinting and site-directed mutagenesis, that BreR is able to bind at a distal and a proximal site in the breAB promoter. However, only one of these sites, the proximal 29-bp site, is necessary for BreR-mediated transcriptional repression of breAB expression. In addition, it was determined that BreR represses its own expression by recognizing a 28-bp site at the breR promoter. These sites comprise regions of dyad symmetry within which residues critical for BreR function could be identified. The BreR consensus sequence AANGTANAC-N(6)-GTNTACNTT overlaps the -35 region at both promoters, implying that the repression of gene expression is achieved by interfering with RNA polymerase binding at these promoters.