gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating ovarian reserve: follicle stimulating hormone and oestradiol variability during cycle days 2-5 (1996)

A prospective measurement of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and oestradiol between cycle days 2 and 5 was conducted to investigate the intra- and inter-cycle variability in a healthy population of women with regular menstrual intervals. Daily serum samples were obtained from 44 women for a total of 66 cycles on cycle days 2, 3, 4 and 5. FSH concentrations were consistent on all cycle days measured. Oestradiol concentrations on cycle day 2 were not different from cycle day 3, but concentrations on cycle day 4 and cycle day 5 were statistically different from both cycle day 2 and cycle day 3 by analysis of variance (P < or = 0.05). Evaluation of functional ovarian reserved by cycle day 3 FSH measurement has become the standard in most assisted reproductive technology programmes. The recent change in FSH standardization coupled with the inflexibility of cycle day 3 testing has led to a re-evaluation of testing protocols. Cycle day 3 appears to have emerged as a dictum because most ovulation induction protocols are initiated on cycle day 3, 4 or 5. Flexibility of sampling day can be introduced as suggested by these results. The additional information ascertained from oestradiol testing as applied to evaluation of ovarian reserve warrants further investigation.
PRODUCTION OF TWINS IN CATTLE BY EGG TRANSFER (1971)

Summary. A total of fifty-two heifers was used in an egg transfer experiment to study methods of inducing twinning in cattle. Two groups of eleven recipients were made pregnant to determine the effect of either transferring two eggs to a single uterine horn or one egg to each. Seven animals in each group were slaughtered and the remaining four allowed to go to term. Of the heifers into which two eggs were transferred to a single horn, 73% became pregnant and 45% had twins at slaughter or calving. In a single case, one of the eggs had undergone transuterine migration and developed in the opposite horn to that into which it was transferred. Of the eleven heifers receiving one egg in each uterine horn, 73% had twins and a pregnancy rate of 72% was obtained in this group. A much greater degree of embryonic loss was thus found in the slaughtered group which had received two eggs to a single uterine horn. The number of cotyledons which developed was much greater in heifers with a bilateral twin pregnancy. The experiments indicate that the development of twin embryos within a single uterine horn results in competition for nutrients and sometimes the loss of one or both embryos but, with bilateral transfers, a high percentage of normal twins is produced.
A Novel Pump for MEMS Applications (1996)

Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, IN 46556We present a novel approach for pumping fluids in micromechanical applications atextremely low Reynolds numbers. It is based on the rotation of a cylinder placed asymmetricallyin a narrow duct; the differential viscous resistance between the small and large gaps causes a netflow along the channel. We report on experiments using glycerin and several cm-scale prismshaving circular, square and rectangular cross-sections. The Reynolds number, based on cylindersize and angular velocity, varies in the range of 0.01–10. The flow is visualized using tracerparticles. The flow generated depends on the geometrical parameters, but is proportional to theangular velocity of the cylinder. An average flow velocity that is about 10% of the surface speedof the cylinder has been obtained.Manufacturing processes that can create extremely small machines have been developed inrecent years. Motors, electrostatic actuators, pneumatic actuators, valves, gears and tweezers ofabout 10 µm size have been fabricated. These have been used as sensors for pressure,temperature, velocity, mass flow, or sound, and as actuators for linear and angular motions.Current usage ranges from airbags to blood analysis (O'Connor, 1992). There is considerablework under way to include other applications, one example being the micro-steam engine describedby Lipkin (1993). Many of these new applications will need fluid to be pumped in a duct; at suchsmall scales this is a challenge.There have been several studies of microfabricated pumps. Some of them use non-mechanical effects. Ion-drag is used in electrohydrodynamic pumps (Bart et al., 1990; Richter et
A new Streptoverticillium species - S. quilonensis. (1976)

An extensive screening of soil samples from Kerala State,India,gave a new streptomycete, Streptoverticillium quilonensis. Its taxonomy is described in detail.
Poied electrooptic waveguide devices in thin-film organic media (1988)

Organic compounds have emerged as a promising class of electrooptic (EO) and non linear optical (NLO) materials for integrated optics applications.1 Most of the processes used to form thin films from organic materials do not produce EO films directly, since the bulk structure is still centrosymmetric. A molecular alignment process, such as electrically induced poling,2 is needed to establish a noncentrosymmetric structure. To form 3-D waveguides in EO films, a number of patterning techniques including plasma etching have been utilized.3 We describe the fabrication of several integrated-optic devices, including a directional coupler and a Y-branch interferometer, using a novel EO waveguide fabrication technique4 that combines the poling and waveguide formation steps by utilizing the induced birefringence associated with the poling process.
Powder-filled semisolids: Influence of powder addition to vaseline on the rheological properties. (1989)

To evaluate the influence of solid particles on the rheological properties of semisolids, 6 inorganic powders classified as follows were added to vaseline; 1) fine and rigid powders (ZnO, TiO2), 2) porous powders (hydrated silicon dioxide (Cp), synthetic aluminum silicate (SiAl)), and 3) lubricating powders (talc, magnesium stearate (StMg)). Rheological measurements were performed by the oscillation method and continuous shear method.As determined by the oscillation method, the profiles of storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G''), and loss tangent (tan δ) vs. powder concentration (fp) varied from powder to powder. In group 1, log G's increased monotonously on addition of ZnO, whereas they were scarcely changed at low fp but increased gradually at high fp in the case of TiO2. This difference seemed to be caused by a difference in their affinity for vaseline. In group 2, log G's changed only a little at low fp but increased rapidly at higher fp. In group 3, StMg showed the characteristic effect that it reduced G' at fp values below 0.3.Most of the powders gave maximum values of tan δ at a powder volume fraction (φp) below 0.04, and these peaks were presumed to reflect the beginning of structure formation.As determined by the continuous shear method, porous powders (group 2) increased the apparent viscosity at high shear rate (η625) but the other powders did not increase η625 so much. This suggests that the structures formed by porous powders were resistant to shear but those formed by other powders were not.
A Comprehensive Review of Treprostinil Pharmacokinetics via Four Routes of Administration (2016)

Treprostinil is available in three different formulations and four different routes of administration: Remodulin<sup>®</sup> (treprostinil sodium, intravenous and subcutaneous administration), Tyvaso<sup>®</sup> (treprostinil sodium, inhaled administration), and Orenitram<sup>®</sup> (treprostinil diolamine, oral administration) for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in healthy volunteers and patients with PAH. The intent of this review is to outline pharmacokinetic considerations of the three treprostinil formulations and provide clinicians with a resource that may support clinical decisions in treating patients with PAH.
IN VITRO PREDICTORS OF CLINICAL RESPONSE IN MELANOMA PATIENTS RECEIVING TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTE (TIL) IMMUNOTHERAPY (1993)

Schwartzentruber, D J; Hom, S S; Daneshvar, R D; Yannelli, J R; Steinberg, S M; White, D E; Rosenberg, S A; Topalian, S L Author Information
Tumor co-segmentation in PET/CT using multi-modality fully convolutional neural network (2018)

Automatic tumor segmentation from medical images is an important step for computer-aided cancer diagnosis and treatment. Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied to this task, leading to state-of-the-art performance. However, most of existing deep learning segmentation methods only work for a single imaging modality. PET/CT scanner is nowadays widely used in the clinic, and is able to provide both metabolic information and anatomical information through integrating PET and CT into the same utility. In this study, we proposed a novel multi-modality segmentation method based on a 3D fully convolutional neural network (FCN), which is capable of taking account of both PET and CT information simultaneously for tumor segmentation. The network started with a multi-task training module, in which two parallel sub-segmentation architectures constructed using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were designed to automatically extract feature maps from PET and CT respectively. A feature fusion module was subsequently designed based on cascaded convolutional blocks, which re-extracted features from PET/CT feature maps using a weighted cross entropy minimization strategy. The tumor mask was obtained as the output at the end of the network using a softmax function. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated on a clinic PET/CT dataset of 84 patients with lung cancer. The results demonstrated that the proposed network was effective, fast and robust and achieved significantly performance gain over CNN-based methods and traditional methods using PET or CT only, two V-net based co-segmentation methods, two variational co-segmentation methods based on fuzzy set theory and a deep learning co-segmentation method using W-net.
Regulation of the Rapsyn Promoter by Kaiso and δ-Catenin (2004)

Rapsyn is a synapse-specific protein that is required for clustering acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Analysis of the rapsyn promoter revealed a consensus site for the transcription factor Kaiso within a region that is mutated in a subset of patients with congenital myasthenic syndrome. Kaiso is a POZ-zinc finger family transcription factor which recognizes the specific core consensus sequence CTGCNA (where N is any nucleotide). Previously, the only known binding partner for Kaiso was the cell adhesion cofactor, p120 catenin. Here we show that delta-catenin, a brain-specific member of the p120 catenin subfamily, forms a complex with Kaiso. Antibodies against Kaiso and delta-catenin recognize proteins in the nuclei of C2C12 myocytes and at the postsynaptic domain of the mouse neuromuscular junction. Endogenous Kaiso in C2C12 cells coprecipitates with the rapsyn promoter in vivo as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Minimal promoter assays demonstrated that the rapsyn promoter can be activated by Kaiso and delta-catenin; this activation is apparently muscle specific. These results provide the first experimental evidence that rapsyn is a direct sequence-specific target of Kaiso and delta-catenin. We propose a new model of synapse-specific transcription that involves the interaction of Kaiso, delta-catenin, and myogenic transcription factors at the neuromuscular junction.
The minimized dead‐end elimination criterion and its application to protein redesign in a hybrid scoring and search algorithm for computing partition functions over molecular ensembles (2008)

One of the main challenges for protein redesign is the efficient evaluation of a combinatorial number of candidate structures. The modeling of protein flexibility, typically by using a rotamer library of commonly-observed low-energy side-chain conformations, further increases the complexity of the redesign problem. A dominant algorithm for protein redesign is dead-end elimination (DEE), which prunes the majority of candidate conformations by eliminating rigid rotamers that provably are not part of the global minimum energy conformation (GMEC). The identified GMEC consists of rigid rotamers (i.e., rotamers that have not been energy-minimized) and is thus referred to as the rigid-GMEC. As a postprocessing step, the conformations that survive DEE may be energy-minimized. When energy minimization is performed after pruning with DEE, the combined protein design process becomes heuristic, and is no longer provably accurate: a conformation that is pruned using rigid-rotamer energies may subsequently minimize to a lower energy than the rigid-GMEC. That is, the rigid-GMEC and the conformation with the lowest energy among all energy-minimized conformations (the minimized-GMEC) are likely to be different. While the traditional DEE algorithm succeeds in not pruning rotamers that are part of the rigid-GMEC, it makes no guarantees regarding the identification of the minimized-GMEC. In this paper we derive a novel, provable, and efficient DEE-like algorithm, called minimized-DEE (MinDEE), that guarantees that rotamers belonging to the minimized-GMEC will not be pruned, while still pruning a combinatorial number of conformations. We show that MinDEE is useful not only in identifying the minimized-GMEC, but also as a filter in an ensemble-based scoring and search algorithm for protein redesign that exploits energy-minimized conformations. We compare our results both to our previous computational predictions of protein designs and to biological activity assays of predicted protein mutants. Our provable and efficient minimized-DEE algorithm is applicable in protein redesign, protein-ligand binding prediction, and computer-aided drug design.
Clad Metal Circuit Board Substrates for Direct Mounting of Ceramic Chip Carriers (1982)

For a full realisation of the packaging advantages of leadless ceramic chip carriers, these devices will be surface mounted on large area printed circuit boards. However, thermal management and solder joint reliability concerns preclude the usage of conventional board materials and manufacturing processes in most high reliability applications. A new approach for achieving rugged, large area PCBs, incorporating thermal planes and the necessary thermal expansion match to chip carriers is described in this paper. The approach is based upon the use of a clad metal core substrate material fabricated from high conductivity copper and low thermal expansion rate Invar TM, a 36% nickel‐64% iron alloy. Mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of this clad metal are presented as well as techniques for adaption of PCB and porcelain/thick film technologies. Finally, other potential applications for this clad metal in the electronics industry are discussed.
The art of OS/2 2.1 C programming (1993)

Dialog Box Editor Memory Management File I/O and Extended Attributes Multitasking Interprocess Communication Windows and Messages Dialog Boxes Menus List Boxes Buttons Notebook Containers Value Set Spin Buttons Slider Font and File Dialogs Subclassing Windows Drag and Drop Help Manager Presentation Manager Printing.
Optical phantoms of varying geometry based on thin building blocks with controlled optical properties (2010)

Current innovations in optical imaging, measurement techniques, and data analysis algorithms express the need for reliable testing and comparison methods. We present the design and characterization of silicone elastomer-based optical phantoms. Absorption is included by adding a green dye and scattering by adding TiO(2) or SiO(2) particles. Optical coherence tomography measurements demonstrate a linear dependence of the attenuation coefficient with scatterer concentration in the absence of absorbers. Optical transmission spectroscopy of the nonscattering absorbing phantoms shows a linear concentration dependent absorption coefficient. Both types of samples are stable over a period of 6 months. Confocal microscopy of the samples demonstrates a homogeneous distribution of the scatterers, albeit with some clustering. Based on layers with thicknesses as small as 50 mum, we make multifaceted structures resembling flow channels, (wavy) skin-like structures, and a layered and curved phantom resembling the human retina. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to incorporate gold nanoparticles within the phantoms. In conclusion, our phantoms are easy to make, are based on affordable materials, exhibit well-defined and controllable thickness, refractive index, absorption, and scattering coefficients, are homogeneous, and allow the incorporation of novel types of nanoparticle contrast agents. We believe our phantoms fulfill many of the requirements for an "ideal" tissue phantom, and will be particularly suited for novel optical coherence tomography applications.
INTELSAT VI—A continuing evolution (1984)

In early 1982, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) awarded a contract to the Hughes Aircraft Company for a new generation of communications satellites. The INTELSAT VI satellites are the largest, most sophisticated commercial communications satellites ever built. Their major technological challenges include a six-fold reuse of the 6/4-GHz frequency spectrum and the introduction of satellite-switched TDMA. The INTELSAT VI satellites are designed to become the backbone of the INTELSAT system in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The behavior of Arrenurus larvae (Acari: Hydrachnidea) parasitizing Diptera (1998)

Les larves d'acariens aquatiques doivent etre tirees par la mouche au moment ou elle emerge de son enveloppe nymphaire et doivent traverser le film de surface de l'eau pour parasiter une mouche adulte. La reponse au stimulus chez Arrenurus rotundus Marshall sur les pupes de deux ceratopogonides, Palpomyia slossonae (Coquillett) et Sphaeromias longipennis (Loew.), est variable et contagieuse, de sorte que la probabilite pour qu'un stimulus intervienne a temps pour grimper sur la mouche en mue s'accroit avec le nombre d'acariens presents sur la pupe. Par contre, une interference entre larves dans les groupes reduit les chances du transfert des larves, de la pupe a la mouche adulte. De nombreuses larves echouent parce que ces reponses soumises a une densite contraire reduisent le nombre des acariens par mouche a un niveau qui ne tue pas prematurement les hotes. Les larves d'Arrenurus qui s'attaquent aux Odonates montrent un ensemble de traits bien differents parce qu'elles n'ont pas besoin de penetrer dans le film de surface de l'eau, et qu'elles disposent de minutes au lieu de secondes, pour s'attacher selectivement sur des hotes qui peuvent supporter des centaines de larves d'acariens au lieu de dizaines.
Molecular Basis for the Dominant White Phenotype in the Domestic Pig (1998)

The change of phenotypic traits in domestic animals and crops as a response to selective breeding mimics the much slower evolutionary change in natural populations. Here, we describe that the dominant white phenotype in domestic pigs is caused by two mutations in the KIT gene encoding the mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (MGF), one gene duplication associated with a partially dominant phenotype and a splice mutation in one of the copies leading to the fully dominant allele. The splice mutation is a G to A substitution in the first nucleotide of intron 17 and leads to skipping of exon 17. The duplication is most likely a regulatory mutation affecting KIT expression, whereas the splice mutation is expected to cause a receptor with impaired or absent tyrosine kinase activity. Immunocytochemistry showed that this variant form is expressed in 17- to 19-day-old pig embryos. Hundreds of millions of white pigs around the world are assumed to be heterozygous or homozygous for the two mutations. [The EMBL accession numbers for porcine KIT1*0101, KIT1*0202, KIT2*0202, and KIT2*0101 are AJ223228-AJ223231, respectively.]
The Reaction of Sulfur Tetrafluoride with Steroids<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Sulfur Tetrafluoride with Steroids1David G. Martin and Fred KaganCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 9, 3164–3168Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01056a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01056a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tailoring Formulations for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A Review on Architecture, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Mucociliary Clearance of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa (2018)

The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering the brain. Alternative drug delivery routes like intraparenchymal or intrathecal are invasive methods with a remaining risk of infections. In contrast, nose-to-brain delivery is a minimally invasive drug administration pathway, which bypasses the blood-brain barrier as the drug is directed from the nasal cavity to the brain. In particular, the skull base located at the roof of the nasal cavity is in close vicinity to the CNS. This area is covered with olfactory mucosa. To design and tailor suitable formulations for nose-to-brain drug delivery, the architecture, structure and physico-chemical characteristics of the mucosa are important criteria. Hence, here we review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the characteristics of the nasal and, in particular, the olfactory mucosa needed for a rational design of intranasal formulations and dosage forms. Also, the information is suitable for the development of systemic or local intranasal drug delivery as well as for intranasal vaccinations.