gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Condensation and pattern formation in cold exciton gases (2003)

Abstract Excitons are Bose particles with small mass. Exciton Bose–Einstein condensation is expected to occur at a few degrees Kelvin. Experimentally, an exciton temperature well below 1 Kelvin is achieved in coupled quantum wells (CQWs). In this contribution, we review briefly experiments that show a strong enhancement of the exciton scattering rate with increasing exciton concentration revealing bosonic stimulation of exciton scattering, which is a signature of a degenerate Bose‐gas of excitons. Novel experiments with exciton condensation in potential traps, pattern formation in exciton system and macroscopically ordered exciton state are also reviewed briefly.
Oil-Water Separation in a Novel Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) Compact Separator—Experiments and Modeling (2004)

The hydrodynamics of multiphase flow in a Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) compact separator have been studied experimentally and theoretically for evaluation of its performance as a free water knockout device. In the LLCC, no complete oil-water separation occurs. Rather, it performs as a free-water knockout, delivering a clean water stream in the underflow and an oil rich stream in the overflow. A total of 260 runs have been conducted, measuring the LLCC separation efficiency for water-dominated flow conditions. For all runs, an optimal split-ratio (underflow to inlet flow rate ratio) exists, where the flow rate in the water stream is maximum, with 100% watercut. The value of the optimal split-ratio depends upon the existing inlet flow pattern, and varies between 60% and 20%. For split-ratios higher than the optimal one, the watercut in the underflow stream decreases as the split-ratio increases. A novel mechanistic model has been developed for the prediction of the complex flow behavior and the separation efficiency in the LLCC. Comparisons between the experimental data and the LLCC model predictions show excellent agreement. The model is capable of predicting both the trend of the experimental data as well as the absolute measured values. The developed model can be utilized for the design and performance analysis of the LLCC.
Biomimetic Crystallization of <scp>l</scp>-Cystine Hierarchical Structures (2012)

The origin of crystalline complex superstructures of biomaterials and the unique self-assembly mechanisms of their formations have attracted a great deal of attention recently. In this paper the crystallization of cystine hierarchical structures by a crystallization procedure that mimics the slow oxidation chemistry of l-cysteine to l-cystine is studied. The crystalline superstructures of cystine are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the formation of unique spherical or hexagonal shaped cystine hierarchical structures depends on the initial concentration of l-cysteine. A possible mechanism based on the self-assembly process of cystine crystals is proposed. Overall our study suggests that it is possible to control morphogenesis and the formation of cystine crystalline superstructures by a simple chemical method that mimics biomineralization.
Toward High-Performance Amorphous GIZO TFTs (2009)

This work analyzes the role of processing parameters on the electrical performance of GIZO films and thin-film transistors (TFTs). Parameters such as oxygen partial pressure, deposition pressure, target composition, thickness, and annealing temperature are studied. Generally, better devices are obtained when low oxygen partial pressure is used. This is related to the damage induced by oxygen ion bombardment and very high film's resistivity when higher oxygen partial pressures are used. Low deposition pressures and targets with richer indium compositions led to films with high carrier concentration, resulting in transistors with field-effect mobility as high as but poor channel conductivity modulation, becoming ineffective as switching devices. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that reducing the GIZO thickness from greatly enhances the switching behavior of those devices, due to the lower absolute number of free carriers and hence to their easier depletion. Annealing also proves to be crucial to control device performance, significantly modifying GIZO electrical resistivity and promoting local atomic rearrangement, being the optimal temperature determined by the as-produced films' properties. For the best-performing transistors, even with a low annealing temperature , remarkable properties such as , on∕off , , and are achieved.
Variable-sensitivity road departure warning system based on static, mapped, near-road threats (2016)

The severity of a road departure event strongly depends on the features around the roadway: trees and other “hard” fixed objects represent a severe collision hazard, steep slopes nearby may be representing rollover threats or frontal impact hazards, and sharp road-edge drop-offs may exist that prevent high-speed road recovery. But the near-road area may also contain traversable shoulders and medians, such that a road departure can be a fully safe and recoverable event. This paper presents a simulated road departure warning system, sensitive to severity of hazards based on near-road terrain geometry analysis and subsequent threat assessment. To serve as a demonstration, many random 3D models of a highway road and near-road features following AASHTO guidelines were generated. Near-road features were subdivided into three categories corresponding to high, medium or low severity based on their geometries. We assume that geometric parameters of features used in this study are available from pre-processed LIDAR or other map data. Due to unavailability of threat correlation between different types of features, a relative threat index defined as Normalized Average Severity index is used to determine threats associated with a feature. To simulate a driver-warning system, geometries and hazards were tagged with different colors on the generated 3D model. The 3D model is designed to serve as an additional visual warning system for the driver providing information about risk zones nearby the present vehicle position.
Synthesis of Substituted 2-Benzoylaminothiobenzamides and Their Ring Closure to Substituted 2-Phenylquinazoline-4-thiones (2001)

Acylation of 2-aminothiobenzamide or 2-methylaminothiobenzamide with substituted benzoyl chlorides has been used to synthesise the corresponding 2-benzoylaminothiobenzamides whose subsequent sodium methoxide-catalysed ring closure gives the corresponding quinazoline-4-thiones. These compounds were characterised by means of their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra. The preferred tautomeric form of selected compounds has been discussed on the basis of their 13C-NMR, IR and Raman spectra. It has been found that in the given medium 1-methyl-quinazoline-4-thiones undergo a replacement of the sulphur substituent by oxygen giving 1-methyl-quinazoline-4-ones. In strong acid media, 2-benzoylaminothiobenzamide is cyclised through its sulphur atom to give 2-phenylbenzo[d-1,3]thiazin-4-one.
Direct quantitation of platelet-associated IgG by electroimmunoassay (1982)

An electroimmunoassay was applied to the quantitation of platelet- associated IgG (PAIgG). Protein solubilized by Triton X100 from washed platelets was electrophoresed at pH 5.0 in agarose gels containing carbamoylated rabbit anti-human IgG (pI approximately equal to 5.0). Because the rabbit antibody is immobilized under these conditions, while PAIgG is freely mobile, rocket precipitates were produced, the heights of which were directly proportional to the amount of antigen (PAIgG) present. By this method, PAIgG for normal individuals was found to be 4.3 +/- 1.7 fg/platelet (mean +/- 2 SD; n = 35). Increased PAIgG levels (direct assay) were found in 27 of 29 patients with a diagnosis of clinically active idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), ranging from 10.5 to 101.5 fg/platelet. Moderately elevated PAIgG was found in 8 of 10 patients in an early stage of recovery from ITP (range 7.5–9.5 fg/platelet) and in 3 of 6 patients with apparent nonimmune thrombocytopenia (range 14.5–24.0 fg/platelet). Electroimmunoassay for PAIgG can be performed on patients with platelet counts as low as 2000/microliters, yields results in less than 24 hr, is highly reproducible, and appears to provide a useful tool for the evaluation of patients with immunologically mediated thrombocytopenia.
Augmented Reality in Sport Marketing (2020)

The augmented reality (AR) market is expected to grow to $60.55 billion by 2023 and there are currently an estimated 4.2 billion AR-capable devices in the hands of consumers. Experts believe that sport is a high-value market for AR as it is uniquely positioned to utilize AR in multiple marketing contexts (Haber, 2019). The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the rate at which sport organizations are utilizing AR as they attempt to reach fans and consumers that are limited or restricted from attending events in person. This article introduces augmented reality to sport managers and practitioners and defines AR, detailing how it can be used by citing examples of how it has been used in sport marketing to this point. Specifically, the paper discusses the three most common classifications of AR for marketing and their role in sport: advertising/promotion, product management, and customer service. The types of AR delivery systems (e.g., HMD, projector-based, smartphone, broadcast AR) are also discussed to clarify that AR is a grouping of technologies and not just one hardware platform. Sport and non-sport examples of AR implementations of the different classifications and delivery systems are provided in this text. Three recommendations are provided for AR development and implementation, namely that sport AR activations should be a complement to the sport product, focus on visual appeal, and strive for immersion. These recommendations are grounded in academic research and intended to assist practitioners planning to implement AR as part of their marketing strategy.
Real-Time Antialiasing of Edges and Contours of Point Rendered Implicit Surfaces (2008)

We present various algorithms for antialiasing silhouette edges of manifold and non-manifold implicit surfaces.The algorithms are: object space, edge blur, super-sampling, adaptive pixel-tracing, and jitter-based antialiasing. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches and compare the results. We also discuss the antialiasing of contours rendered on implicit surfaces. The algorithms for antialiasing and rendering contours take place in the GPU and so are performed in real time. This allows us, for instance, to animate contours on a surface in real time by changing contour parameters. We give examples showing the results of our antialiasing techniques for various types of contours rendered on surfaces.
Experimental Replacement of the Thoracic Esophagus with a Bioabsorbable Collagen Sponge Scaffold Supported by a Silicone Stent in Dogs (1999)

We manufactured an esophageal prosthesis made of a collagen sponge supported by an inner silicone tube. The collagen was derived from porcine skin and was crosslinked by dehydrothermal treatment. We implanted our prosthesis in nine dogs after resecting a 5 cm length of the thoracic esophagus. Intravenous hyperalimentation was performed for 4 weeks after the surgery. After 29 days, the inner silicone tube was removed endoscopically and oral feeding was restarted immediately. All nine dogs survived more than 1 month, and three of the nine dogs survived for more than 1 year. Endoscopically, the luminal surface of the regenerated esophagus was covered with a lustrous, smooth mucosa, but stenosis was observed in the midregion of the regenerated esophagus. Microscopically, no foreign material remained at the reconstructed site 1 month after surgery; the collagen sponge was absorbed and replaced by host tissue. Complete epithelization was observed within 3 months. Regeneration of the lamina muscularis mucosae, esophageal glands, and skeletal muscle were observed near the anastomoses. Our artificial esophagus holds promise for esophageal reconstruction in a clinical setting, even in the thorax.
Molecular recognition of neutral molecules by metalloclefts: synthesis, x-ray structure, proton NMR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and molecular modeling (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular recognition of neutral molecules by metalloclefts: synthesis, x-ray structure, proton NMR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and molecular modelingArie R. Van Doorn, Martinus Bos, Sybolt Harkema, Johan Van Eerden, Willem Verboom, and David N. ReinhoudtCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 7, 2371–2380Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00007a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views472Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Human Solid Tumors Contain High Endothelial Venules: Association with T- and B-Lymphocyte Infiltration and Favorable Prognosis in Breast Cancer (2011)

The mechanisms governing infiltration of lymphocytes into tumors remain poorly characterized, in spite of the critical impact of these cells on patient prognosis and therapeutic responses. High endothelial venules (HEV) are blood vessels found in lymphoid tissues, specialized in lymphocyte recruitment, but their implications in human cancer are unknown. In this article, we report the presence of MECA 79(+) blood vessels displaying all the phenotypic characteristics of HEVs in most of the 319 human primary solid tumors, including melanomas, breast, ovarian, colon, and lung carcinomas, analyzed. Tumor HEVs were specifically located within lymphocyte-rich areas, and their density within the tumor stroma was a strong predictor of infiltration by CD3(+) and CD8(+) T cells as well as B cells. Large-scale flow cytometric and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses in freshly operated breast tumors revealed that high densities of tumor HEVs correlated with increased naive, central memory and activated effector memory T-cell infiltration and upregulation of genes related to T-helper 1 adaptive immunity and T-cell cytotoxicity. Finally, in a retrospective cohort of 146 invasive breast cancer patients, we found that high densities of tumor HEVs independently conferred a lower risk of relapse and significantly correlated with longer metastasis-free, disease-free, and overall survival rates. Together, our findings suggest that tumor HEVs function as major gateways for lymphocyte infiltration into human tumors, and may represent attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
A comparison of recombinant Hirudin with Heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) IIb Investigators (1996)

BACKGROUND: Thrombin has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary thrombosis. We compared the clinical efficacy of a potent, direct thrombin inhibitor, recombinant hirudin, with that of heparin (an indirect antithrombin agent) in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: At 373 hospitals in 13 countries, 12,142 patients with acute coronary syndromes were randomly assigned to 72 hou
A study of the effect of different ventilation rates on the ammonia concentrations in the atmosphere of broiler houses (1964)

(1964). A study of the effect of different ventilation rates on the ammonia concentrations in the atmosphere of broiler houses. British Poultry Science: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 149-159.
Automated LED Text Recognition with Neural Network and PCA –A Review (2016)

Light-emitting diodes text dot-matrix text (LED text) is being widely used for displaying information and announcements. LED display for modernization of society and catch on for its versatile application with many benefits. Existing paper used k-nearest neighbor(k-NN) approach, low computation complexity method for pattern recognition, is used to recognition character component as any class of character and canny edge was used to detect character pixels when appear in led display area from scene images. The drawback of existing system is that it cannot handle text line with non-uniform color and containing less than 3 characters. It also cannot detect continuous LED text. Our proposed system will utilize the probabilistic neural network (PNN) classification to add the robust classification for the higher level of the adaptiveness. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical procedure that uses an orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components. Our proposed system will achieve better detection and recognition rate than existing system.
Performance Evaluation of the SERENA Algorithm to SchEdule RoutEr Nodes Activity in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (2008)

In wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, an analysis of the node energy consumption distribution shows that the largest part is due to the time spent in the idle state. This result is at the origin of SERENA, an algorithm to SchEdule RoutEr Nodes Activity. SERENA allows router nodes to sleep, while ensuring end-to-end communication in the wireless network. It is a localized and decentralized algorithm assigning time slots to nodes. Any node stays awake only during its slot and the slots assigned to its neighbors, it sleeps the remaining time. Simulation results show that SERENA enables us to maximize network lifetime while increasing the number of user messages delivered. We quantify the slot reuse and evaluate the impact of the frame size on network performance. We then study how to dimension buffers at the router nodes. Finally, we show how SERENA improves the node energy consumption distribution and maximizes the energy efficiency of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks.
Opium in China (2018)

Opium was used as a medicinal herb during the Tang-Song dynastic era, if not earlier, but this medicinal role was transformed during the Ming dynasty as it became an ingredient in aphrodisiacs produced for the Ming court. Small countries in South-Southeast Asia included opium in their tribute items to the Ming. Tribute missions were a form of trade as well as the best way to maintain foreign relations. Opium transformed again in the early Qing dynasty as Southeast Asian Chinese brought the habit of smoking opium mixed with tobacco back to the mainland. This was soon integrated in and promoted by the sex recreation industry in the mid-18th century, and the demand for opium grew rapidly in the early decades of the 19th century. By the 1850s, increasing supply fueled a level of consumption that neither repeated attempts at prohibition, nor two opium wars could stymie; it exploded into a consumer revolution. Opium became vital to the economy as all the polities since the late Qing taxed it to sustain themselves. It also became a symbol of China’s humiliation and anti-imperialist political platform. It has now come back to haunt the country despite the Mao era success in eradication.
Integration of existing ethernet devices into time-division-multiplexing ethernet (2017)

Along with the development of industrial systems, real-time Ethernet (RTE) is widely utilized for control systems. S-TDMA is one of the RTE protocols, and it is a concept realizing a coexistence of real-time and best-effort communication over the Ethernet by time-division multiplexing. In previous work, a special switching hub capable of S-TDMA was implemented, and the capability of real-time communication on multi-hop topology was shown. It is expected to apply S-TDMA for the Internet; it is not practical that all nodes in the network support S-TDMA. Therefore, this paper proposes the integration method of existing Ethernet devices into S-TDMA network by using a pause frame. The performance of best-effort traffic between these devices over S-TDMA network was evaluated. The results verify the superiority of the proposed method. The proposed design greatly suppressed the performance deterioration of best-effort traffic. The throughput of the proposed method was 670 Mbps higher than that of the previous implementation at the effective bandwidth of 950 Mbps. The results also show the comparable performance, even if the number of hops has increased.
Development and characterization of a biodegradable polyphosphate (1997)

A biodegradable polyphosphate polymer (Mn = 18,000, Mw/Mn = 3.2) matrix system was developed as a potential delivery vehicle for growth factors. As a model system, release of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) from this polymer was evaluated. The polyphosphate was synthesized using a triethylamine catalyst in an argon environment, and characterized using elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Degradation kinetics of the polyphosphate polymer in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were represented by a second-order polynomial while degradation in bovine serum was linear with time. The polymer degraded faster in PBS than in bovine serum. In vitro release of OP-1 was also faster in PBS than in serum. Release kinetics of OP-1 in PBS and serum were represented by second-order polynomials. The OP-1 release from this physically dispersed polymeric matrix may be described by several possible mechanisms: diffusion, bulk polymer degradation, ion complexation, and interactions among the protein (OP-1), polymer, proteins, and enzymes in the media. This polyphosphate may be an effective carrier for morphogens, growth factors, or other classes of bioactive molecules. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.