gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrin B (2005)

A concise total synthesis of dictyodendrin B (1) is reported, a scarce marine alkaloid endowed with promising telomerase inhibitory activity. Key steps of the chosen route are a reductive cyclization of ketoamide 11 to indole 12 mediated by low-valent titanium (from TiCl3 and KC8) followed by a photochemical 6pi-electrocyclization, which was performed in the presence of Pd/C and nitrobenzene to effect concomitant dehydrogenation/aromatization of the product initially formed. Regioselective bromination of the resulting pyrrolocarbazole 13 followed by lithium/bromine exchange and quenching of the resulting organolithium species with p-methoxybenzaldehyde installed the side chain at C2. Oxidation of the benzylic alcohol 15 thus obtained to ketone 17 was best achieved with catalytic amounts of tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO) in dilute CH2Cl2 solution to avoid the formation of undue amounts of the unsymmetrical dimer 16. Ketone 17 was elaborated into the natural product by selective cleavage of the isopropyl ether with BCl3, introduction of the sulfate moiety with the aid of trichloroethyl chlorosulfuric acid ester, deprotection of all lateral methyl ether groups, and final reductive cleavage of the trichloroethyl ester moiety. The spectroscopic data of synthetic dictyodendrin B thus formed matched those of an authentic sample in all regards. Moreover, it was shown that global deprotection of the peripheral -OH groups in pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole 13 is accompanied by spontaneous air-oxidation to form the quinone core of dictyodendrin C.
Verifiable Adaptive Control with Analytical Stability Margins by Optimal Control Modification (2010)

This paper presents a verifiable model-reference adaptive control method based on an optimal control formulation for linear uncertain systems. A predictor model is formulated to enable a parameter estimation of the system parametric uncertainty. The adaptation is based on both the tracking error and predictor error. Using a singular perturbation argument, it can be shown that the closed-loop system tends to a linear time invariant model asymptotically under an assumption of fast adaptation. A stability margin analysis is given to estimate a lower bound of the time delay margin using a matrix measure method. Using this analytical method, the free design parameter n of the optimal control modification adaptive law can be determined to meet a specification of stability margin for verification purposes.
State of Knowledge on Amaranth Grain: A Comprehensive Review (2012)

Amaranth grain is a highly nutritional pseudocereal with a superior amount of proteins when compared to true cereals. It is a reasonably well-balanced food with functional properties that have been shown to provide medicinal benefits. The health benefits attributed include decreasing plasma cholesterol levels, stimulating the immune system, exerting an antitumor activity, reducing blood glucose levels and improving conditions of hypertension and anemia. In addition, it has been reported to possess anti-allergic and antioxidant activities. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of amaranth grain that focuses on recent research reporting its use in the clinical practice and its possible benefits to human health.
Learning Bilingual Lexicons from Monolingual Corpora (2008)

We present a method for learning bilingual translation lexicons from monolingual corpora. Word types in each language are characterized by purely monolingual features, such as context counts and orthographic substrings. Translations are induced using a generative model based on canonical correlation analysis, which explains the monolingual lexicons in terms of latent matchings. We show that high-precision lexicons can be learned in a variety of language pairs and from a range of corpus types. 1
An <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">N</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math> superfield action for M2 branes (2008)

We present an octonionic N=1 superfield action that reproduces in components the action of Bagger and Lambert for M2 branes. By giving an expectation value to one of the scalars we obtain the maximally supersymmetric superfield action for D2 branes.
Gas-Phase Kinetic Modeling of the AlCl[sub 3] Decomposition in the AlCl[sub 3]-CO[sub 2]-H[sub 2]-HCl System for a Hot-Wall CVD Reactor (2005)

For a specific set of conditions applied in experimental hot-wall reactor investigations for depositing from precursor gas mixtures containing , kinetic modelling of the gas-phase reactions was carried out on the basis of rate parameters collected or estimated by Catoire and Swihart. Calculations are presented for upward flow rates of 200, 20, 0.41, and , a vertical tube reactor ( id) with a isothermal zone and with varying concentrations of , , , and HCl in the feed gas at a total pressure of . The residence times of the gas in the isothermal zone were 0.1, 1, 48, and . The results show that decomposes by reacting with and to form AlOCl as the major intermediate species. The water-gas shift reaction, , is found to take place very slowly at short residence times and much faster at higher ones. The generation increases with the AlOCl content in the gas phase. A comparison of the kinetic values with calculated equilibrium compositions shows that for residence times typically used in technical equipment for chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the gas-phase reactions are kinetically controlled at the temperature and pressure selected. The results may be helpful in understanding the complex reaction mechanisms involved in high-temperature CVD of alumina.
835 Interaction between a point dislocation and an elliptical hole at a bi-material interface in plane elastostatics (2003)

Composites are widely employed in present day applicatiens
Can we predict recovery in chronic fatigue syndrome? (1999)

These findings support previous research that complete recovery from CFS is rare and that patients with less severe illness at the initial clinic visit are more likely to have a positive prognosis for recovery. However, considerable overlap in illness severity was observed between the recovered and nonrecovered groups, suggesting that accurate prediction of recovery in individual CFS patients is not currently feasible.
Comparison of the Efficacy of a Hydrogen Peroxide Dry-Mist Disinfection System and Sodium Hypochlorite Solution for Eradication of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Spores (2009)

In situ experiments indicate that the hydrogen peroxide dry-mist disinfection system is significantly more effective than 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution at eradicating C. difficile spores and might represent a new alternative for disinfecting the rooms of patients with C. difficile infection.
VLSI circuits for optoelectronic neural network weight setting (2002)

A VLSI optoelectronic implementation of matrix multiplication, which is useful for image-processing applications using neural networks, is presented. BiCMOS NPN and PNP phototransistors generate excitatory and inhibitory synapse currents when light shines on them. These synapse currents are controlled by complementary MOS transistors which allow us to program real valued weights. Differential amplifiers are used to sum the synapse currents while transmission gates are used as resistors. We present an example for digital weight interconnections with 5 bits resolution plus a sign. Circuit diagrams, SPICE3el circuit simulations, a NPN phototransistor magic layout, and a phototransistor measurement are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formal Verification of the Quasi-Static Behavior of Mixed-Signal Circuits by Property Checking (2006)

This paper proposes a verification flow for mixed-signal circuits. The presented flow is based on ‘bounded model checking’, a formal verification method. The behavior of the analog parts of a mixed-signal circuit is described with the help of rational numbers within the circuit description and in the properties, respectively. Our implemented Property-Checker checks formal properties for a given mixed-signal circuit design over a finite interval of time. The internal representation of the rational numbers has an almost arbitrary accuracy. By using the presented flow, the quasi-static behavior of a mixed-signal circuit can be exhaustively verified.
Human Nopp140, Which Interacts with RNA Polymerase I: Implications for rRNA Gene Transcription and Nucleolar Structural Organization (1999)

Nopp140 is thought to shuttle between nucleolus and cytoplasm. However, the predominant nucleolar localization of Nopp140 homologues from different species suggests that Nopp140 is also involved in events occurring within the nucleolus. In this study, we demonstrated that the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I, RPA194, was coimmunoprecipitated with the human Nopp140 (hNopp140). Such an interaction is mediated through amino acids 204 to 382 of hNopp140. By double immunofluorescence, hNopp140 was colocalized with RNA polymerase I at the rDNA (rRNA genes) transcription active foci in the nucleolus. These results suggest that Nopp140 can interact with RNA polymerase I in vivo. Transfected cells expressing the amino-terminal half of hNopp140, hNopp140N382 (amino acids 1 to 382), displayed altered nucleoli with crescent-shaped structures. This phenotype is reminiscent of the segregated nucleoli induced by actinomycin D treatment, which is known to inhibit rRNA synthesis. Consistently, the hNopp140N382 protein mislocalized the endogenous RNA polymerase I and shut off cellular rRNA gene transcription as revealed by an in situ run-on assay. These dominant negative effects of the mutant hNopp140N382 suggest that Nopp140 plays an essential role in rDNA transcription. Interestingly, ectopic expression of hNopp140 to a very high level caused the formation of a transcriptionally inactive spherical structure occupying the entire nucleolar area which trapped the RNA polymerase I, fibrillarin, and hNopp140 but excluded the nucleolin. The mislocalizations of these nucleolar proteins after hNopp140 overexpression imply that Nopp140 may also play roles in maintenance of nucleolar integrity.
Electrophilic additions of positive iodine to alkynes through an iodonium mechanism (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic additions of positive iodine to alkynes through an iodonium mechanismJose Barluenga, Miguel A. Rodriguez, and Pedro J. CamposCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 10, 3104–3106Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00297a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00297a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1755Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of a nonlinear multivariable system with adaptive critic designs (1997)

A family of Adaptive Critic Designs (ACD) was proposed by Werbos (1992) as a new optimization technique combining together concepts of reinforcement learning and backpropagation. The goal of each design is to find an approximation of the cost-to-go function from the Bellman equation of dynamic programming or some function related to it, and then find the optimal solution of the problem by applying a reinforcement learning technique. In ACD we have two networks called critic and action (a substitute name for "controller" in the ACD literature), the action network trying to minimize an approximation of the cost-to-go. There are three basic implementations of ACD called Heuristic Dynamic Programming (HDP), Dual Heuristic Programming (DHP), and Globalized Dual Heuristic Programming (GDHP) (Prokhorov & Wunsch, to appear).
Clinical analysis of 86 cases of replantation of amputated distal fingers (2009)

Objective To summrize the clinical results of replantatiion of 126 amputated distal fingers in 86 patients. Methods The amputated part was debridod under 16X high power magnification. Kirschner wires were uniformly used for bony fixation. Tendon repair was carried out next. Severed distal fingers were revasculafized with different kinds of operations according to type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ classification of the distal parts. Vein grafts were used in cases of venous or arterial gaps and continuous external bleeding was used in finger replantation with no venous anastomosis or venous congestion after the operation. Results All 114 replants survived uneventfully. The success rate of replantation was 90.5%. Follow up was carried out and showed that the successfully replanted fingers had good soft-tissue coverage and recovery of pain and touch sensation. Two-point discrimination of the finger pulp was 6 to 8 mm. The distal interphalangeal joint had normal flexion and extension. Conclusion The amputated distal fingers should be replanted whenever possible because it provides good appearance and maintains good joint motion. Vein grafts should be used in cases of venous or arterial gaps. Continuous external bleeding could be applied to enhance the survival rate of the replanted finger when no venous anastomosis was done or venous congestion occurred after the operation.

Key words: 
Replantation;  Finger injuries;  Distal fingers
Metalloprotease activity of CD13/aminopeptidase N on the surface of human myeloid cells (1990)

We previously found that the myeloid cell surface glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2), a widely distributed membrane-bound, zinc-dependent metalloprotease with an extracellular enzymatic domain that cleaves N-terminal amino acid residues from oligopeptides (J Clin Invest 83:1299, 1989). As a first step toward defining the function of this molecule on myeloid cells, we assessed cell surface-associated N-terminal peptidase activity by sensitive spectrophotometric measurements of the cleavage of p-nitroanilide amino acid derivatives. Aminopeptidase activity detected on the surface of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells coincided with the level of cell surface CD13 expression as measured by flow cytometry. The enzyme was specifically inhibited by the zinc-binding metalloprotease inhibitors, bestatin, 1,10-phenanthroline, or 2.2'-dipyridyl, but was not affected by several inhibitors of other classes of proteases. Aminopeptidase activity was demonstrated for CD13 molecules specifically immunoprecipitated from the surface of CD13-positive cells and was blocked by the metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. Moreover, cell surface aminopeptidase activity was partially inhibited when viable cells were incubated with two of a panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) known to be specific for extracellular epitopes of human CD13. This inhibition was apparent in the absence of detectable downmodulation of CD13 molecules from the cell surface, suggesting that these MoAbs either physically interfere with substrate binding or alter the zinc-coordinating properties of aminopeptidase N molecules. Aminopeptidase N could play an important role in modulating signals generated by peptides at the surface of myeloid cells, either by removing key N-terminal residues from active peptides or by converting inactive peptides to active forms. The inhibitory antibodies used in this study should prove useful in delineating the physiologic roles of CD13/aminopeptidase N on normal and malignant myeloid cells.
307. Compounds related to the steroid hormones. Part IX. Oxygenation of steroid ketones in strongly basic medium: a new method of preparation of 17α-hydroxypregnan-20-ones (1962)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
In Vivo and in Vitro Measurements of Pulmonary Arterial Stiffness: A Brief Review (2012)

During the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH), proximal pulmonary arteries (PAs) undergo remodeling such that they become thicker and the elastic modulus increases. Both of these changes increase the vascular stiffness. The increase in pulmonary vascular stiffness contributes to increased right ventricular (RV) afterload, which causes RV hypertrophy and eventually failure. Studies have found that proximal PA stiffness or its inverse, compliance, is strongly related to morbidity and mortality in patients with PH. Therefore, accurate in vivo measurement of PA stiffness is useful for prognoses in patients with PH. It is also important to understand the structural changes in PAs that occur with PH that are responsible for stiffening. Here, we briefly review the most common parameters used to quantify stiffness and in vivo and in vitro methods for measuring PA stiffness in human and animal models. For in vivo approaches, we review invasive and noninvasive approaches that are based on measurements of pressure and inner or outer diameter or cross-sectional area. For in vitro techniques, we review several different testing methods that mimic one, two or several aspects of physiological loading (e.g., uniaxial and biaxial testing, dynamic inflation-force testing). Many in vivo and in vitro measurement methods exist in the literature, and it is important to carefully choose an appropriate method to measure PA stiffness accurately. Therefore, advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.
Building Large Scale Text Corpus for Tibetan Natural Language Processing by Extracting Text from Web Pages (2012)

In this paper, we propose an approach to build a large scale text corpus for Tibetan natural language processing. We find the distribution of Tibetan web pages on the internet with a crawler which can identify whether or not a web page contains Tibetan text. Three biggest web sites are selected, and topic pages are selected with a rule based method by checking the url. The layout structures of selected pages are analysed, and topic related information are extracted based on web site specific rules. Consequently, we get a corpus including more than 65 thousands documents, nearly 1.59 million sentences or 35 million syllables in total.
Autophagy in lung disease pathogenesis and therapeutics (2015)

Autophagy, a cellular pathway for the degradation of damaged organelles and proteins, has gained increasing importance in human pulmonary diseases, both as a modulator of pathogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target. In this pathway, cytosolic cargos are sequestered into autophagosomes, which are delivered to the lysosomes where they are enzymatically degraded and then recycled as metabolic precursors. Autophagy exerts an important effector function in the regulation of inflammation, and immune system functions. Selective pathways for autophagic degradation of cargoes may have variable significance in disease pathogenesis. Among these, the autophagic clearance of bacteria (xenophagy) may represent a crucial host defense mechanism in the pathogenesis of sepsis and inflammatory diseases. Our recent studies indicate that the autophagic clearance of mitochondria, a potentially protective program, may aggravate the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by activating cell death programs. We report similar findings with respect to the autophagic clearance of cilia components, which can contribute to airways dysfunction in chronic lung disease. In certain diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, autophagy may confer protection by modulating proliferation and cell death. In other disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cystic fibrosis, impaired autophagy may contribute to pathogenesis. In lung cancer, autophagy has multiple consequences by limiting carcinogenesis, modulating therapeutic effectiveness, and promoting tumor cell survival. In this review we highlight the multiple functions of autophagy and its selective autophagy subtypes that may be of significance to the pathogenesis of human disease, with an emphasis on lung disease and therapeutics.
Phosphorylation of β-Catenin by Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Stabilizes β-Catenin through Inhibition of Its Ubiquitination (2005)

The mechanism of cross talk between the Wnt signaling and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A [PKA]) pathways was studied. Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)), isoproterenol, and dibutyryl cAMP (Bt(2)cAMP), all of which activate PKA, increased the cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin protein level, and these actions were suppressed by a PKA inhibitor and RNA interference for PKA. PGE(1) and Bt(2)cAMP also increased T-cell factor (Tcf)-dependent transcription through beta-catenin. Bt(2)cAMP suppressed degradation of beta-catenin at the protein level. Although PKA did not affect the formation of a complex between glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), beta-catenin, and Axin, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by PKA inhibited ubiquitination of beta-catenin in intact cells and in vitro. Ser675 was found to be a site for phosphorylation by PKA, and substitution of this serine residue with alanine in beta-catenin attenuated inhibition of the ubiquitination of beta-catenin by PKA, PKA-induced stabilization of beta-catenin, and PKA-dependent activation of Tcf. These results indicate that PKA inhibits the ubiquitination of beta-catenin by phosphorylating beta-catenin, thereby causing beta-catenin to accumulate and the Wnt signaling pathway to be activated.
Microwave Type Bolometer for Submillimeter Wave Measurements (1963)

An approach to the problem of submillimeter wave measurement through the extension of microwave techniques has led to the development of a submillimeter bolometer with the sensitivity requisite to calibration with a thermal source. The sensor employs conventional components, horn, waveguide and coaxial line, with a novel coax-to-guide transition consisting of part of the bolometer element, the rest of which serves as a center conductor of the coaxial lines. The entire set of submillimeter components is contained in a 1/4-inch block of metal. Fundamental problems of detection in this band are discussed with application to the sensor. Calibration techniques and data taken with the instrument are reported.