gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L-Tryptophan: A Rational Anti-Depressant and a Natural Hypnotic? (1988)

L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid which is the metabolic precursor of serotonin. Because of the evidence that serotonin deficiency may be an aetiological factor in some sorts of affective disorder and that serotonin is important in the biochemistry of sleep, L-tryptophan has been suggested as a "rational" anti-depressant and as a "natural" hypnotic. This paper reviews the biochemistry and pharmacology of L-tryptophan as well as the literature of the clinical trials that have been conducted with it and suggests that, by itself, L-tryptophan may be useful in mild cases of depression accompanied by endogenous features and cases of bipolar disorder resistant to standard treatments. It also potentiates the monoamine oxidase inhibitors and possibly the serotonergic tricyclic drugs. L-tryptophan may improve the depressed mood of Parkinsonian patients and has a clinically useful hypnotic action. There is evidence it may be useful in organic mental disorders induced by levodopa. Dosage schedules, contraindications and complications are discussed.
Cephalosporin-Associated Hypoprothrombinemia: Case and Review of the Literature (1994)

Objective: To present a case of cefotetan-associated hypoprothrombinemia and to review the literature concerning cephalosporin-associated hypoprothrombinemia. Data Sources: Information was collected by conducting a MEDLINE search for cases, clinical trials, reviews, and other articles pertaining to cephalosporin use and the development of hypoprothrombinemia. Study Selection: Studies, cases, and letters were selected if they addressed the development of hypoprothrombinemia in cephalosporin-treated patients. Data Synthesis: A case of hypoprothrombinemia is described in an 82-year-old woman who received cefotetan for the treatment of a urinary tract infection. A review of the literature revealed more than 50 reported cases and multiple clinical studies evaluating this adverse effect. The postulated mechanism behind this occurrence is the inhibition of the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors by the N-methyl-thiotetrazole (NMTT) moiety found in certain cephalosporin side chains. Risk factors associated with the development of this adverse effect include advanced age, renal and hepatic impairment, recent surgical procedures, malnutrition, and the use of H 2 -antagonists. Conclusions: Cephalosporins containing the NMTT side chain are associated with the development of hypoprothrombinemia and possibly bleeding, especially in high-risk patients.
Vessel extraction in X-ray angiograms using deep learning (2016)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease which is the leading cause of death all over the world. X-ray angiography is currently the gold standard imaging technique for CAD diagnosis. These images usually suffer from low quality and presence of noise. Therefore, vessel enhancement and vessel segmentation play important roles in CAD diagnosis. In this paper a deep learning approach using convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed for detecting vessel regions in angiography images. Initially, an input angiogram is preprocessed to enhance its contrast. Afterward, the image is evaluated using patches of pixels and the network determines the vessel and background regions. A set of 1,040,000 patches is used in order to train the deep CNN. Experimental results on angiography images of a dataset show that our proposed method has a superior performance in extraction of vessel regions.
Diameter NAT Control Application (2010)

This document describes the framework, messages, and procedures for
the Diameter NAT Control Application (DNCA), allowing for per-
endpoint control of large scale NAT devices, which are put in place to
cope with IPv4-address space completion. The Diameter NAT Control
Application allows external devices to configure and manage a Large
Scale NAT (LSN) device - expanding the existing Diameter-based AAA and
policy control capabilities with a NAT control component. These
external devices can be network elements in the data plane such as a
Network Access Server (NAS), or can be more centralized control plane
devices such as AAA-servers. DNCA establishes a context to commonly
identify and manage endpoints on a gateway or server, and a large
scale NAT device. This includes, for example, the control of the total
number of NAT-bindings allowed or the allocation of a specific NAT-
binding for a particular endpoint. In addition, it allows large scale
NAT devices to provide information relevant to accounting purposes.
Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection — What Have We Learned? (1996)

In this issue of the Journal three important articles appear, with major implications for the clinical management of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).13 Hammer et al.1 and Katzenstein et al.2 describe the clinical and virologic results of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 (ACTG 175), a large trial involving more than 2400 HIV-infected persons with CD4 cell counts from 200 to 500 cells per cubic millimeter. This trial clearly shows that antiretroviral therapy in such patients delays the progression of disease to AIDS and reduces mortality. Didanosine alone and the combination of zidovudine with didanosine or . . .
Vrml: Bringing Virtual Reality to the Internet (1996)

Identifying the future - overview of VR technology VR on the Internet VRML visions OpenGL Open Inventor Object-oriented 3D toolkit CAVEview - Mosaic-based VR In-Line graphics surrogate travel external graphics surrogate travel A MOO-based collaborative hypermedia system for WWW Cyber-space implementing the future - VR based 3D graphics languages open inventor virtual reality modelling language OpenGL Graphics System results and future directions - proposed VRML systems VRML concepts the design of the OpenGL Graphics Interface the OpenGL Graphics Interface virtual behaviour engines VRML applications other VR research.
The conductor interaction method (2007)

Computers have increasingly become part of our everyday lives, with many activities either involving their direct use or being supported by one. This has prompted research into developing methods and mechanisms to assist humans in interacting with computers (human-computer interaction, or HCI). A number of HCI techniques have been developed over the years, some of which are quite old but continue to be used, and some more recent and still evolving. Many of these interaction techniques, however, are not natural in their use and typically require the user to learn a new means of interaction. Inconsistencies within these techniques and the restrictions they impose on user creativity can also make such interaction techniques difficult to use, especially for novice users. This article proposes an alternative interaction method, the conductor interaction method (CIM), which aims to provide a more natural and easier-to-learn interaction technique. This novel interaction method extends existing HCI methods by drawing upon techniques found in human-human interaction. It is argued that the use of a two-phased multimodal interaction mechanism, using gaze for selection and gesture for manipulation, incorporated within a metaphor-based environment, can provide a viable alternative for interacting with a computer (especially for novice users). Both the model and an implementation of the CIM within a system are presented in this article. This system formed the basis of a number of user studies that have been performed to assess the effectiveness of the CIM, the findings of which are discussed in this work.
Early Intratracheal Instillation of Budesonide Using Surfactant as a Vehicle to Prevent Chronic Lung Disease in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study (2008)

This pilot study indicated that early postnatal intratracheal instillation of budesonide using surfactant as vehicle significantly improved the combined outcome of death or chronic lung disease in small premature infants without causing immediate adverse effects. The results are encouraging, and a large sample multicenter trial is warranted.
Non Cooperative Space-Time Communication for Energy Efficiency in Sensor Networks (2011)

Space-time coded cooperative transmission has been proposed as a means to prolong the battery lifetime of conventional single-antenna energy-constrained wireless sensor nodes. However, newly proposed smart-antenna sensor prototypes enable the existence of more than one antenna within a single-radio transceiver architecture. Exploiting such capability, this paper proposes simple non-cooperative space-time techniques for single-RF switched-antenna systems that reduce significantly both the transmission and the circuit energy consumption. The energy savings of the suggested schemes are shown not only against conventional SISO systems, but also against cooperative diversity schemes in Rayleigh and log-normal shadowed Rayleigh fading channels with distance-based path loss.
Adversarial Training and Robustness for Multiple Perturbations (2019)

Defenses against adversarial examples, such as adversarial training, are typically tailored to a single perturbation type (e.g., small $\ell_\infty$-noise). For other perturbations, these defenses offer no guarantees and, at times, even increase the model's vulnerability. Our aim is to understand the reasons underlying this robustness trade-off, and to train models that are simultaneously robust to multiple perturbation types. We prove that a trade-off in robustness to different types of $\ell_p$-bounded and spatial perturbations must exist in a natural and simple statistical setting. We corroborate our formal analysis by demonstrating similar robustness trade-offs on MNIST and CIFAR10. Building upon new multi-perturbation adversarial training schemes, and a novel efficient attack for finding $\ell_1$-bounded adversarial examples, we show that no model trained against multiple attacks achieves robustness competitive with that of models trained on each attack individually. In particular, we uncover a pernicious gradient-masking phenomenon on MNIST, which causes adversarial training with first-order $\ell_\infty, \ell_1$ and $\ell_2$ adversaries to achieve merely $50\%$ accuracy. Our results question the viability and computational scalability of extending adversarial robustness, and adversarial training, to multiple perturbation types.
Bioartificial Pancreas: Evaluation of Crucial Barriers to Clinical Application (2012)

Prior to the discovery of insulin by Banting and Best (1921), effective treatment of diabetes mellitus was limited to dietary manipulation. Many thought that the ability to administer insulin exogenously would prove to cure diabetes, but the long-term imperfections in glycemic control present even with state of the art insulin management results in the so called secondary complications of diabetes (diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and vascular disease) and diminishes life expectancy and quality of life in many patients. The discovery of insulin converted an often rapidly fatal disease to a chronic condition requiring life-long treatment. Current treatment for diabetes, both Type 1 and Type 2, includes exogenous insulin therapy and endocrine replacement by transplantation. Both of these clinical approaches have considerable inherent drawbacks. A theoretical alternative that is being tested in animal and pre-clinical models is the bioartifical pancreas.
Host–guest inclusion complexes of α and β-cyclodextrins with α-amino acids (2014)

The innovative study reveals the formation of 1:1 hosts–guest inclusion complexes for all the titled α-amino acids in the hydrophobic cavity of both α and β-cyclodextrin. The thermodynamic parameters for inclusion were studied depending on size and state of the guest molecules to draw inferences about contributions to the overall binding.
Intrusion detection techniques in wireless local area networks (2009)

This research investigates wireless intrusion detection techniques for detecting attacks on IEEE 802.11i Robust Secure Networks (RSNs). Despite using a variety of comprehensive preventative security measures, the RSNs remain vulnerable to a number of attacks. Failure of preventative measures to address all RSN vulnerabilities dictates the need for a comprehensive monitoring capability to detect all attacks on RSNs and also to proactively address potential security vulnerabilities by detecting security policy violations in the WLAN. This research proposes novel wireless intrusion detection techniques to address these monitoring requirements and also studies correlation of the generated alarms across wireless intrusion detection system (WIDS) sensors and the detection techniques themselves for greater reliability and robustness. The specific outcomes of this research are: A comprehensive review of the outstanding vulnerabilities and attacks in IEEE 802.11i RSNs. A comprehensive review of the wireless intrusion detection techniques currently available for detecting attacks on RSNs. Identification of the drawbacks and limitations of the currently available wireless intrusion detection techniques in detecting attacks on RSNs. Development of three novel wireless intrusion detection techniques for detecting RSN attacks and security policy violations in RSNs. Development of algorithms for each novel intrusion detection technique to correlate alarms across distributed sensors of a WIDS. Development of an algorithm for automatic attack scenario detection using cross detection technique correlation. Development of an algorithm to automatically assign priority to the detected attack scenario using cross detection technique correlation.
Optimum finite-length equalization for multicarrier transceivers (1996)

A new criterion for partially-equalizing severe ISI channels to reduce the cyclic prefix overhead of the discrete multitone (DMT) transceiver, assuming a fixed transmission bandwidth, is introduced. The equalized DMT is shown to recover a significant portion of the performance loss incurred because of the use of a moderate-size FFT in the DMT to reduce latency and implementation cost. In particular, equalizers designed using our new criterion result in a higher DMT performance margin than traditional mean-square-error DMT equalizers. Finally, additional promising methods that further enhance the performance of the equalized DMT are investigated.
Anomalous interactions in confined charge-stabilized colloid (2004)

Charge-stabilized colloidal spheres dispersed in weak 1:1 electrolytes are supposed to repel each other. Consequently, experimental evidence for anomalous long-ranged like-charged attractions induced by geometric confinement inspired a burst of activity. This has largely subsided because of nagging doubts regarding the experiments' reliability and interpretation. We describe a new class of thermodynamically self-consistent colloidal interaction measurements that confirm the appearance of pairwise attractions among colloidal spheres confined by one or two bounding walls. In addition to supporting previous claims for this as-yet unexplained effect, these measurements also cast new light on its mechanism.
Merging databases: Problems and examples (2001)

This paper focuses on databases merging, which is one particular case of data fusion. Databases merging is the process which consists of integrating, physically or virtually, the data provided by several databases. With examples throughout the paper, we stress the main problems raised by databases merging and we present, not exhaustively, some solutions. The topics receiving deepest study are: cases matching, inconsistency handling and summarizing data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polymerization of Isobutylene and the Copolymerization of Isobutylene and Isoprene Initiated by the Metallocene Derivative Cp*TiMe<sub>2</sub>(μ-Me)B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (1998)

Isobutylene polymerization is initiated by Cp*TiMe2(μ-Me)B(C6F5)3, formed by combining Cp*TiMe3 and B(C6F5)3 in a 1:1 ratio. The polymerization process exhibits the signature of a carbocationic mechanism, as molecular weights generally increase with decreasing temperature, polydispersities are ∼2, and polymers contain vinylidene end groups. Initiation probably occurs via η1-coordination of a molecule of monomer to the cationic species [Cp*TiMe2]+, while propagation and chain transfer proceed as with conventional Lewis acid initiators. Although addition of the proton trap 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine does have an adverse effect on polymerization, this is not because traces of possible protic initiators are being scavenged but rather because the 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine coordinates to the titanium cation and inhibits activation of monomer. Further evidence that [Cp*TiMe2]+ behaves as a carbocationic initiator is that the system induces dimerization of 1,1-diphenylethylene to 1,3,3-triphenyl-3-methylindan and also the formation of isobutylene−isoprene copolymers (butyl rubber) in which the isoprene is incorporated via trans-1,4-addition, again typical of conventional initiators. This initiator system is the first metallocene-based carbocationic initiator system to be discovered, and it also appears to be one of the more active.
A Reagent-Controlled S<sub>N</sub>2-Glycosylation for the Direct Synthesis of β-Linked 2-Deoxy-Sugars (2014)

The efficient and stereoselective construction of glycosidic linkages remains one of the most formidable challenges in organic chemistry. This is especially true in cases such as β-linked deoxy-sugars, where the outcome of the reaction cannot be controlled using the stereochemical information intrinsic to the glycosyl donor. Here we show that p-toluenesulfonic anhydride activates 2-deoxy-sugar hemiacetals in situ as electrophilic species, which react stereoselectively with nucleophilic acceptors to produce β-anomers exclusively. NMR studies confirm that, under these conditions, the hemiacetal is quantitatively converted into an α-glycosyl tosylate, which is presumably the reactive species in the reaction. This approach demonstrates that use of promoters that activate hemiacetals as well-defined intermediates can be used to permit stereoselective glycosylation through an SN2-pathway.
Methionine, DL-Homocysteine Thiolactone and N-Acetyl-DL-Methionine for Ruminants (1974)

Plasma amino acid response of wethers to abomasal infusions of DL-methionine (DLM), DL-homocysteine thiolactone-HC1 (HCTL) and N-acetyl-DL-methionine (NAM), in vivo rumen stability of the latter two methionine analogs and preintestinal absorption of HCTL were studied. The daily infusion of 1.06 g of DLM elevated molar percentage of methionine and lysine in plasma and decreased molar percentage of threonine. Infusion of equal molar quantities of NAM and HCTL resulted in increased plasma methionine 1 hr. post-infusion. The oral administration of HCTL and NAM resulted in abomasal recoveries of only 10.5 and 15.7%, respectively; however, the methionine in abomasal fluid was significantly (P< .05) increased when HCTL was orally administered. Plasma methionine increased significantly following the intraruminal administration of HCTL to wethers with a ligated pyloric sphincter, but the intraruminal addition of methionine had no effect on plasma methionine.
Studies on tetrahydroisoquinolines. XXIV. A synthesis of dibenzo(c,f)-1-azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonanes and dibenzo(d,g)-1-azabicyclo(4.3.1)decanes. (1985)

Treatment of the N-benzyl p-quinol acetates 2a and 2b with trifluoroacetic acid gave dibenzo [c, f]-1-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes (3a and 3b) in good yields. The homologs 3c, 3d, and 3e were similarly prepared from the N-phenethyl p-quinol acetates 2c, 2d, and 2e, respectively. On the other hand, the o-quinol acetate (17), obtained from the tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-ol (9) by lead tetraacetate oxidation, was rearranged to the 4-acetoxy derivative (18). Acid treatment of 18 induced cyclization to construct the same skeleton as that of 3a.
Mechanisms of corrosion inhibition for an aluminium‐silicon‐magnesium alloy in 0.1 N NaOH solutions at 60 °C (1979)

Abstract The mechanism of corrosion inhibition has been studied for an Al‐Si‐Mg alloy in a 0.1 N NaOH medium at 60 °C with cheap, non toxic substances. The effects of Ca 2+ and tartrate ions are differentiated and the presence of an insoluble calcium alumino tartrate is evidenced. The greater stability of an amorphous alumino silicate phase is also emphasized, and with electrochemical measurements, weighing tests, X‐ray diagrams and IR spectroscopy, the importance of Al III is revealed.
Non-Volatile Station Memory Single Chip Including Remote-Control Receiver and Memory-Display Driver (1983)

A new single chip designed for TV digital-tuning applications is presented. Besides integrating all the functions required for a complete non-volatile memory voltage synthesis tuning system, the chip includes complete PCM I.R. remote control receiver and direct memory-display driving section. Details of the main features are presented.
Providing accident detection in vehicular networks through OBD-II devices and Android-based smartphones (2011)

The increasing activity in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) area faces a strong limitation: the slow pace at which the automotive industry is making cars "smarter". On the contrary, the smartphone industry is advancing quickly. Existing smartphones are endowed with multiple wireless interfaces and high computational power, being able to perform a wide variety of tasks. By combining smartphones with existing vehicles through an appropriate interface we are able to move closer to the smart vehicle paradigm, offering the user new functionalities and services when driving. In this paper we propose an Android- based application that monitors the vehicle through an On Board Diagnostics (OBD-II) interface, being able to detect accidents. Our proposed application estimates the G force experienced by the passengers in case of a frontal collision, which is used together with airbag triggers to detect accidents. The application reacts to positive detection by sending details about the accident through either e-mail or SMS to pre-defined destinations, immediately followed by an automatic phone call to the emergency services. Experimental results using a real vehicle show that the applica- tion is able to react to accident events in less than 3 seconds, a very low time, validating the feasibility of smartphone based solutions for improving safety on the road.
1982 Grads: Fewer jobs, higher wages (1982)

Findings in the most recent salary survey (March 1982) of the College Placement Council indicate a confused picture of employment possibilities for this June's college graduates. The current economic slump has resulted in the postponement of hiring decisions by some employers, but the job market in the geosciences remains strong. Of the 18 fields surveyed, petroleum engineering graduates had the highest average starting salary offers: $30,432 annually. ‘The physical and earth sciences’ group led the scientific disciplines with average offers of $23,940 annually at the bachelor's degree level. At the master's degree level, graduates in geology and related geological sciences received an average offer of $28,836 annually. These salaries represent 8%–14% increases over the March 1981 salary offers.