gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing the utility of an interactive electronic book for learning the Pascal programming language (2000)

Hypermedia is a broadly accepted technique to develop educational systems since its hypertext structure reflects a model of learning based on the students' semantic memory model and the use of multimedia provides interactive mechanisms that allow managing, manipulating and organizing the lessons. A hypermedia electronic book called CIPP (Curse Interactive de Programacion en Pascal) is introduced to help students learn the Pascal programming language and the empirical evaluation that was carried out to assess the book utility as an educational tool. One of the most encouraging results from this experience was that, at the end of the course, not only did most students agree with the didactic method which integrated lectures with the use of the electronic book, but also they felt motivated to continue learning Pascal by themselves.
Effect of Silver Ion, Carbon Dioxide, and Oxygen on Ethylene Action and Metabolism (1979)

The relationship between ethylene action and metabolism was investigated in the etiolated pea seedling (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) by inhibiting ethylene action with Ag(+), high CO(2), and low O(2) and then determining if ethylene metabolism was inhibited in a similar manner. Ag(+) (100 milligrams per liter) was clearly the most potent antiethylene treatment. Ag(+) pretreatment inhibited the growth retarding action of 0.2 microliters per liter ethylene by 48% and it also inhibited the incorporation of 0.2 microliters per liter (14)C(2)H(4) into pea tips by the same amount. As the ethylene concentration was increased from 0.2 to 30 microliters per liter, the effectiveness of Ag(+) in reducing ethylene action and metabolism declined in a similar fashion. Although Ag(+) significantly inhibited the incorporation of (14)C(2)H(4) into tissue metabolites, the oxidation of (14)C(2)H(4) to (14)CO(2) was unaffected in the same tissue.CO(2) (7%) inhibited ethylene-induced growth retardation but its effectiveness diminished at a greater rate than that of Ag(+) with increasing ethylene concentration. High CO(2) had just the opposite effect of Ag(+) since it inhibited (14)C(2)H(4) oxidation to (14)CO(2) without affecting tissue incorporation. In contrast to Ag(+), CO(2) did not inhibit ethylene action and metabolism to exactly the same extent, and the inhibition of metabolism did not rapidly decline with increasing (14)C(2)H(4) concentration. However, high CO(2) did alter the ratio of (14)C(2)H(4) tissue incorporation to (14)CO(2) production in a manner consistent with changes in ethylene effectiveness.Lowering the O(2) concentration to 5% reduced ethylene-induced growth retardation from 70 to 58% at 0.22 microliters per liter and inhibited (14)C(2)H(4) (0.25 microliters per liter) tissue incorporation and oxidation to (14)CO(2) by 26 and 45%, respectively. However, in contrast to Ag(+) and high CO(2) which slightly promoted growth in ethylene-free air, low O(2) reduced pea seedling growth under these conditions thereby severely limiting its usefulness as a specific antiethylene treatment.Collectively these data suggest that the metabolism of ethylene may be related to its action.
Reversible Electrowetting on Superhydrophobic Silicon Nanowires (2007)

This paper reports for the first time on the reversible electrowetting of liquid droplets in air and oil environments on superhydrophobic silicon nanowires (SiNWs). The silicon nanowires were grown on Si/SiO2 substrates using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism, electrically insulated using 300 nm SiO2, and hydrophobized by coating with a fluoropolymer C4F8. The resulting surfaces displayed liquid contact angle (Theta) around 160 degrees for a saline solution (100 mM KCl) in air with almost no hysteresis. Electrowetting induced a maximum reversible decrease of the contact angle of 23 degrees at 150 VTRMS in air.
Greening the Wind : Environmental and Social Considerations for Wind Power Development (2011)

This report identifies good practices for managing the key environmental and social issues associated with wind power development and provides advice on how best to address these issues in project planning, construction, and operation and maintenance. It provides detailed background information on wind power, with special focus on two emerging themes of growing scientific and public interest: namely the biodiversity-related impacts and the broader socioeconomic and cultural dimensions of wind power development. Like wind power itself, the scope of this report is worldwide although special attention is paid to the issues characteristic of the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. While the principal focus is on land-based wind power, it also briefly addresses the environmental and social impacts related to off shore wind development. Wind power today is widely regarded as a key component of an environmentally sustainable, low-carbon energy future because it is renewable, requires almost no water, and generates near-zero emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. In many parts of the world, wind power has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric power generation, thereby helping to limit the severe environmental and social consequences of human-induced climate change. The growth of wind power has also occurred due to its other positive attributes, including growing economic competitiveness. The adverse biodiversity-related impacts of wind power facilities mainly involve birds, bats, and natural habitats.
Antimicrobials as a contributory factor in oral candidosis – a brief overview (2007)

The advent of the human immunodeficiency virus infection and the increasing prevalence of compromised individuals in the community due to modern therapeutic advances have resulted in a resurgence of opportunistic infections, including oral candidosis, which is by far the most common oral fungal infection in man. Broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the treatment of a wide range of disease conditions have also been attributed as a predisposing factor of oral candidosis. In this mini review we discuss the research findings on the relationship between antibiotics and oral candidosis and possible mechanisms of pathogenicity following such therapy.
Selective Hydrolysis of Ethyl 5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyrazole-2-carboxylate and Ethyl 5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a Key Step in the Large-Scale Synthesis of Bicyclic Heteroaryl Carboxyaldehydes (2006)

The isomeric mixture of ethyl 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole-2- and −3-carboxylates (14 and 15), derived from a proline meso-ionic synthon, demonstrated remarkably different stabilities towards alkaline hydrolysis. On that basis, a nonchromatographic, highly efficient method for their large-scale separation was developed. The desired isomer 14 was converted into 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole-2-carbaldehyde, a key intermediate in the synthesis of bicyclic heteroaryl-substituted 6-alkylidene penems.
Fluorescent-Antibody Approach to Study of Rhizobia in Soil (1968)

Application of fluorescent-antibody (FA) techniques to the study of rhizobia as free-living soil bacteria was explored. Antiserum to a particular strain of Rhizobium japonicum proved specific in both agglutination and FA tests. Within the R. japonicum group, 2 of 12 strains were stained by the conjugate and these fluoresced brightly; all others were entirely negative. FA tests were negative for 7 strains of R. meliloti, 9 strains of R. leguminosarum, 9 strains of R. trifolii, 6 strains of R. phaseoli, and 65 unidentified bacteria isolated from 12 soils. R. japonicum grew in autoclaved soil and was readily detectable by FA examination of contact slides. The FA technique also detected antibody-reacting bacteria in a field soil whose rhizobial content was unknown. Fluorescent cells were probably R. japonicum, since nodules developed on soybean plants grown in the same soil sample and FA preparations of the crushed nodules proved positive. Autofluorescence was not a problem, but nonspecific adsorption of conjugate restricted observations to microscopic fields free from soil particles. Nonspecific adsorption was substantial, irrespective of the soil used.
MR imaging of poststenotic flow phenomena: Experimental studies (1991)

Poststenotic flow patterns were analyzed in a flow phantom with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) imager, with use of different MR imaging and MR angiographic pulse sequences. Spin-echo, fast field-echo, two-dimensional inflow (multiple single-section technique), and flow-adjusted-gradient sequences were applied. For the spin-echo sequences, modulus and phase images were reconstructed from each data set. The length of the region of poststenotic changes in signal amplitude and phase measured at a constant flow rate increased with stenosis grade. Likewise, the length of the region of poststenotic changes measured at a constant stenosis grade increased with flow rate. Moreover, the results depended on the alignment of the flow direction with the readout gradient. Comparison of modulus and phase images allowed discrimination of turbulent and nonturbulent flow, which yields additional information on stenosis grade in clinical MR angiography.
Use of automated EBR metrology inspection to optimize the edge bead process (2007)

Accurate placement of the edge exclusion region is critical to maintaining edge die yield. Variation in film overlay in the edge exclusion region can lead to yield-limiting defects. Edge Bead Removal (EBR) metrology or Edge Exclusion Width (EEW) metrology describes a topside surface measurement of the wafer edge exclusion region relative to the wafer center and the wafer edge. This measurement is typically made at several points along the wafer's edge and often ranges between 0mm and 6 mm in width. In photolithography, EBR metrology data can be used to determine the repeatability of wafer alignment and the accuracy of EBR dispensing nozzles on the coat track. In addition to EBR/EEW metrology, wafer edge inspection provides an indirect method to control the EBR process by detecting jaggedness of the EBR profile, scalloping, splashing, and other EBR line defects. Improper EBR can also create residuals on other edge surfaces that can lead to cross-contamination of wafers and handling equipment. This paper describes a combined EBR/EEW metrology and wafer edge inspection method that can quickly detect EBR-related defects and characterize the quality of the EBR process. This data reveals the relationship between EBR-related defects and the quality of the EBR process, and can be used to make necessary adjustments to the coat track - and as a basis for wafer rework decisions. Proper tuning and monitoring of the EBR/EEW process allows for the eventual elimination of an entire class of EBR-related defects, thus significantly increasing edge die yield.
High-Precision Selective Deposition of Catalyst for Facile Localized Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

In the liquid-based dip-coating, the hydrophilicity of a Si/SiO(2) substrate is found to be critical for the successful deposition of catalyst and hence the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). When the surface is functionalized by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and becomes hydrophobic, no catalyst remains and no SWNT grows. This concept can be utilized to localize the growth of SWNTs at designated regions where SAMs were selectively removed by, e.g., UV or electron beam. Patterned high-quality as-grown SWNTs with a potential line width of approximately 10 nm can be obtained.
An Importance Sampling Maximum Likelihood Direction of Arrival Estimator (2008)

We present a new implementation for maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple narrow-band plane waves in noise. The proposed estimator can be applied to the estimation of DOAs of both deterministic and stochastic signals. In this paper, we discuss the estimation of DOAs for stochastic signals only. The proposed method uses a global optimization procedure to maximize the compressed likelihood function, which is a function of only the DOAs. The procedure is based on Monte Carlo importance sampling. It is shown via simulations that the method allows for estimation of DOAs at low angular separation and in situations for which other suboptimal techniques may fail. The improved performance of this method is due to its guaranteed convergence to a global maximum, which is not true for the iterative ML methods, as, for example, the WSF, MODE(X), and EM algorithms. We compare our method to the latter algorithms to show that the proposed method outperforms the iterative approaches for closely spaced narrow-band sources.
Specification and Seal Development for Passenger Vehicle Wheel Bearings (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive wheel bearings are sealed and greased for life components. The component life is governed by its resistance to rolling contact fatigue, lubrication and seal performance. A survey of “garage returned” wheel bearings indicated seal failures as a dominating bearing failure mode. Since seal performance is critical to the life of a wheel bearing, a test specification was developed to evaluate the various aspects of seal performance. An application oriented test method was also developed which reproduces the service failure mode. Wheel bearings were tested with relevant suspension components such that influence of the secondary protection systems could also be evaluated in a complete system performance test. The potential of the wheel bearing seal test package is indicated by the description of test and service results of two wheel bearing seal types.</div>
POLYCAPROLACTONE-POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) BLOCK COPOLYMER III DRUG RELEASE BEHAVIOR (1995)

The drug release behavior of degradable polymer--polycaprolactone-poly (ethyleneglycol)block copolymer(PCE) in vitro was investigated by using 5-Fluoro-uracil (5-Fu) asa model drug under a condition of pH 7. 4 at 37C. It is found that the release rate of 5-Fufrom PCE increased with increasing polyether content of the copolymer. The results showthat the increasing polyether content of the copolymer caused increasing hydrophilicity anddecreasing crystallinity of the PCE copolymer. Thus, the drug release behavior and thedegradable property of the PCE can be controlled by adjusting the composition of thecopolymer.
Discovering Addiction: The Science and Politics of Substance Abuse Research (2007)

Discovering Addiction brings the history of human and animal experimentation in addiction science into the present with a wealth of archival research and dozens of oral-history interviews with addiction researchers. Professor Campbell examines the birth of addiction science---the National Academy of Sciences's project to find a pharmacological fix for narcotics addiction in the late 1930s---and then explores the human and primate experimentation involved in the succeeding studies of the "opium problem," revealing how addiction science became "brain science" by the 1990s. Psychoactive drugs have always had multiple personalities---some cause social problems; others solve them---and the study of these drugs involves similar contradictions. Discovering Addiction enriches discussions of bioethics by exploring controversial topics, including the federal prison research that took place in the 1970s---a still unresolved debate that continues to divide the research community---and the effect of new rules regarding informed consent and the calculus of risk and benefit. This fascinating volume is both an informative history and a thought-provoking guide that asks whether it is possible to differentiate between ethical and unethical research by looking closely at how science is made. Nancy D. Campbell is Associate Professor of Science and Technology Studies at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the author of Using Women: Gender, Drug Policy, and Social Justice. "Compelling and original, lively and engaging---Discovering Addiction opens up new ways of thinking about drug policy as well as the historical discourses of addiction." ---Carol Stabile, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee Also available: Student Bodies: The Influence of Student Health Services in American Society and Medicine, by Heather Munro Prescott Illness and the Limits of Expression, by Kathlyn Conway White Coat, Clenched Fist: The Political Education of an American Physician, by Fitzhugh Mullan
A prospective study of chlamydial, mycoplasmal, and viral infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. (1984)

In a prospective study of non-bacterial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit in north west London, Chlamydia trachomatis infection was identified in 4 of 280 babies (1.4%) and was the most common cause of neonatal ophthalmia. One of the four developed pneumonitis. Ureaplasma urealyticum was found to colonise the nasopharynx in 53 of 235 babies (22.6%), with Mycoplasma hominis present in 6 of 235 babies (2.6%). There was a statistically significant association between U urealyticum colonisation and preterm birth or prolonged rupture of membranes. Colonisation occurred more commonly in babies with apnoea. Viral infection was detected in 16 of 280 babies (5.7%). Rotavirus was identified in 5 of 170 babies (2.9%) and was associated with necrotising enterocolitis in two infants and with bloody diarrhoea in another. Respiratory syncytial virus, which was identified in 4 of 280 babies (1.4%), was not associated with lower respiratory tract infection.
Monitoring Building Systems for Schedule Compliance (2013)

As Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) initiated a Core Business Hours program, it became a challenge to ensure that the hundreds of systems campus wide were operating within their programmed schedules. Therefore, a collaborative exchange between PNNL operations and PNNL researchers developing the Decision Support for Operations and Maintenance (DSOM) software package was initiated to create a tool to solve this problem. This new DSOM tool verifies systems are operating within scheduled operation times by polling Building Automation and Control Network (BACnet) identifiers of systems’ on/off or command statuses. The tool records the time spent in operation state (ON) and totalizes each system over a rolling 7-day period, highlighting systems that are running over the scheduled hours. This snapshot view allows building management to look quickly at the entire campus to ensure that systems are not operating beyond their scheduled hours.
Vimentin’s tail interacts with actin-containing structures in vivo (1994)

The tail domain of the intermediate filament (IF) protein vimentin is unnecessary for IF assembly in vitro. To study the role of vimentin's tail in vivo, we constructed a plasmid that directs the synthesis of a 'myc-tagged' version of the Xenopus vimentin-1 tail domain in bacteria. This polypeptide, mycVimTail, was purified to near homogeneity and injected into cultured Xenopus A6 cells. In these cells the tail polypeptide co-localized with actin even in the presence of cytochalasin. Two myc-tagged control polypeptides argue for the specificity of this interaction. First, a similarly myc-tagged lamin tail domain localizes to the nucleus, indicating that the presence of the myc tag did not itself confer the ability to co-localize with actin (Hennekes and Nigg (1994) J. Cell Sci. 107, 1019-1029). Second, a myc-tagged polypeptide with a molecular mass and net charge at physiological pH (i.e. -4) similar to that of the mycVimTail polypeptide, failed to show any tendency to associate with actin-containing structures, indicating that the interaction between mycVimTail and actin-containing structures was not due to a simple ionic association. Franke (1987; Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 11, 831) noted a similarity in the primary sequence between the tail of the type I keratin DG81A and vimentin. To test whether the DG81A tail interacted with actin-containing structures, we constructed and purified myc-tagged DG81A tail polypeptides. Unexpectedly, these keratin tail polypeptides were largely insoluble under physiological conditions and formed aggregates at the site of injection. While this insolubility made it difficult to determine if they associated with actin-containing structures, it does provide direct evidence that the tails of vimentin and DG81A differ dramatically in their physical properties. Our data suggest that vimentin's tail domain has a highly extended structure, binds to actin-containing structures and may mediate the interaction between vimentin filaments and microfilaments involved in the control of vimentin filament organization (Hollenbeck et al. (1989) J. Cell Sci. 92, 621; Tint et al. (1991) J. Cell Sci. 98, 375).
Multi-robot SLAM using ceiling vision (2009)

In this paper we present a new vision-based SLAM approach for multi-robot formulation. For a cooperative map reconstruction, the robots have to know each other's relative poses, but estimating these at the start of operation puts a limit on real applications. In our study, the robots start the single SLAM with their own global coordinate, and merge their maps during the operation by detecting the overlapped region of their maps. The robots automatically recognize the occurrence of map overlapping by matching their current frame with the maps built by other robots. With the robust data association technique from the ceiling-vision based SLAM, the proposed algorithm robustly detects the overlapping regions and estimates the accurate transformations for map alignment. In our experiment, we have verified that our algorithm successfully enables the multi-robot SLAM without any initial correspondence or encounter of robots.
Cholesterol Oxidation Switches the Internalization Pathway of Endothelin Receptor Type A from Caveolae to Clathrin-coated Pits in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2000)

We investigated the mechanism of endothelin receptor type A (ETA) internalization in Chinese hamster ovary cells using two assays; flow cytometric quantification of cell surface myc-ETA and in situ localization of Cy5-labeled ET-1. In both assays, agonist-dependent internalization of myc-ETA was inhibited by nystatin and filipin, both of which disrupt internalization via caveolae, whereas it was barely affected by chlorpromazine and hypertonic sucrose, both of which disrupt internalization via clathrin-coated pits. In addition to myc-ETA, ET-1 caused intracellular translocation of caveolin-1 and this translocation was also blocked by nystatin but not by chlorpromazine. These results strongly argue that ETA is internalized via caveolae but not clathrin-coated pits. Treatment of the cells with cholesterol oxidase reduced cellular cholesterol and caused intracellular translocation of caveolin-1 but did not affect cell surface localization of myc-ETA. In cholesterol oxidase-treated cells, however, both chlorpromazine and hypertonic sucrose effectively blocked ET-1-induced myc-ETA internalization and nystatin was less effective than in untreated cells. Accordingly, expression of a dominant negative form of beta-arrestin blocked myc-ETA internalization in cholesterol oxidase-treated cells but not in untreated cells. These results suggest that, in Chinese hamster ovary cells, 1) agonist-occupied ETA can be internalized either via caveolae or clathrin-coated pits; 2) of the two, the former is the default pathway; and 3) the oxidative state of cell surface cholesterol is one of the factors involved in the pathway selection.
Depth of field implementation with OpenGL (2004)

This paper presents a post rendering technique for simulation of the depth of field effect using OpenGL. The effect of depth of field is widely used in photography to make the main subjects prominent by blurring foreground and background subjects. Simulating this lens effect does not require complex computation and can be achieved instantly. This paper reviews the concept of depth of field and presents a method for building a filter that blurs the out-of-focus area by constructing a simple lens model. 1 1.