gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annulated 1,2,3‐triazoles. <b>3</b>. Synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐<i>b</i>][1,5]benzoxazepin‐10(9<i>H</i>)‐ones and 10‐(4‐substituted‐1‐piperazinyl)‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐<i>b</i>][1,5]benzoxazepines (1985)

Abstract 10‐(4‐Substituted‐1‐piperazinyl)‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐b][1,5]benzoxazepines 11 were prepared in a three‐step synthesis starting from easily available 5‐chloro‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbonyl chlorides 7 by titanium tetrachloride catalyzed condensation of N‐(substituted)piperazines with 1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐b][1,5]benzoxazepin‐10(9H)‐ones 10 formed by ring closure of the intermediate amides 9 . Although lactams 10 were obtained as the sole product of the cyclisation at 80°, the unexpected by‐products 13 and 14 were formed in addition to 10c at 150° from 9c . The 4‐methoxybenzyl group in 11j was easily removed by solvolyses in TFA. Compounds 11d‐f and 11i were tested for psychotropic activity.
Study of operating variables in the transformation of aqueous ethanol into hydrocarbons on an HZSM‐5 zeolite (2002)

Abstract With the aim of determining the possibilities of directly upgrading the liquid obtained from carbohydrate fermentation, the effect of operating conditions (temperature, space time, water content in the feed) has been studied in the catalytic transformation of aqueous ethanol into hydrocarbons on an HZSM‐5 zeolite in an isothermal fixed bed reactor. Special attention has been paid to the effect of water content on the yield, product distribution and catalyst deactivation. Although deactivation by coke decreases as the water content is increased, this content must be limited at 450 °C and higher temperatures in order to avoid irreversible deactivation of the catalyst by dealumination. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrical performances of devices made in SOI films obtained by lamp ZMR (1987)

Four-inch wafer lots have been processed in a conventional CMOS polysilicon gate process. The electrical parameters are used to study the influence of the problems related to the lamp zone-melting-recrystallization (ZMR) technique. Statistical results are available. The n-channel enhancement mode transistors of a 1.7-μm effective channel length exhibit a sharp threshold voltage distribution around 0.9 V with a standard deviation of 61 mV. The leakage current remains below a 0.1-pA/μm channel width for both p- and n-channel transistors. Two hundred forty-nine stage ring oscillators have been fabricated. They have a 0.5-ns propagation delay time for an effective channel length of 1.7 μm.
Doped Nanocrystals (2008)

The critical role that dopants play in semiconductor devices has stimulated research on the properties and the potential applications of semiconductor nanocrystals, or colloidal quantum dots, doped with intentional impurities. We review advances in the chemical synthesis of doped nanocrystals, in the theoretical understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that control doping, and in the creation of highly conducting nanocrystalline films. Because impurities can be used to alter the properties of nanoscale materials in desirable and controllable ways, doped nanocrystals can address key problems in applications from solar cells to bioimaging.
A facile approach to surface modification on versatile substrates for biological applications (2012)

A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivative, poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether-co-allyl glycidyl ether)-g-catechol (PEAC), has been synthesized. With vinyl side groups, this polymer can readily undergo further thiol–ene photochemical reactions. Due to the existence of the pendant catechol functional groups, PEAC can be attached onto the surface of various substrates, including hydrophilic (e.g. glass), metallic (e.g. titanium) and hydrophobic (e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene) substrates. Various thiols can be subsequently immobilized onto the PEAC-modified surfaces through the thiol–ene reaction. The surface PEGylation and further thiol immobilization have been verified by static water contact angle, ellipsometry and XPS measurements. The results of 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion assays show that the PEAC-modified substrates have good biological anti-fouling ability. Thus this material would be used on medical implants and diagnostic devices, as well as other applications where the reduction of surface fouling is desired. More interestingly, the PEAC-modified surface is cell-repelling but exhibits excellent cell adhesion ability after further attachment of 3-mercaptopropionic acid. It would thus allow for designing and adjusting the cell adhesion ability of the substrates. This versatile, substrate-independent approach should be of significance for the development of new materials in the field of cell culture and tissue engineering.
ROADSIDE BREATH TESTING IN NORTHERN IRELAND (1982)

Roadside breath testing in Northern Ireland is carried out using mobile vans referred to as Accident Prevention Units which are part of a wider program to reduce road accidents. When in the course of carrying out other functions, the police officer considers a driver has consumed alcohol, he may require a breath test using the Alcometer. These breath tests have been used continuously since October 1968 (except for a brief period of suspension in 1971-72). To ensure the legislation is enforced correctly and the same procedures are used in every case authorized constables are issued printed procedure forms. This breath testing procedure has operated very effectively for the last ten years and has been accepted by the general public.
Dietary Fiber (1988)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
A review on nanomaterials for environmental remediation (2012)

This article gives an overview of the application of nanomaterials in environmental remediation. In the area of environmental remediation, nanomaterials offer the potential for the efficient removal of pollutants and biological contaminants. Nanomaterials in various shapes/morphologies, such as nanoparticles, tubes, wires, fibres etc., function as adsorbents and catalysts and their composites with polymers are used for the detection and removal of gases (SO2, CO, NOx, etc.), contaminated chemicals (arsenic, iron, manganese, nitrate, heavy metals, etc.), organic pollutants (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons) and biological substances, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and antibiotics. Nanomaterials show a better performance in environmental remediation than other conventional techniques because of their high surface area (surface-to-volume ratio) and their associated high reactivity. Recent advances in the fabrication of novel nanoscale materials and processes for the treatment of drinking water and industrial waste water contaminated by toxic metal ions, radionuclides, organic and inorganic solutes, bacteria and viruses and the treatment of air are highlighted. In addition, recent advances in the application of polymer nanocomposite materials for the treatment of contaminants and the monitoring of pollutants are also discussed. Furthermore, the research trends and future prospects are briefly discussed.
Planar metallization intemonnected 3-D multi-chip module (2004)

A process module, incorporating reassembly of multiple power semiconductor chips and planar metallzation interconnect technologies, has been developed to fabricate active power chip scale packages (CSPs), multichip modules (MCMs), and integrated power electronics modules (IPEMs). This integrated chips technology features structure compactness and process integrity, compared to other multilevel packaging methods. Thus, power electronics system-in-package, including controller and driver, sensor and filter, and power switches can be manufactured with a planar integration technology and packaged in 3-D form.
Image coding using vector quantization (2005)

An image is partitioned into cells of pxp pixels. Each cell is regarded as a vector of dimension p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and is encoded by searching through a codebook for a nearest matching representative vector. A binary word identifying the selected representative vector is assigned as the codeword to describe the original cell. The decoder uses this codeword to address a codebook. Each entry of the codebook contains a full precision digital representation of one of the N representative vectors. The codebook design is based on a clustering technique for vector quantizer design preceded by a classification of training cells into edge or shade cells. Results for coding rates from 0.5 to 1.5 bits/pixel are discussed. Vector quantization appears to be a powerful and promising technique for image coding.
A Comparison of the Buttermilk Solids Functional Properties to Nonfat Dried Milk, Soy Protein Isolate, Dried Egg White, and Egg Yolk Powders (2003)

Physicochemical (i.e., sulfhydryl group, protein, and total solubility) as well as functional properties (i.e., water-holding and fat-absorption capacity, foaming and emulsification capacity, and stability) of commercial buttermilk solids (BMS) were compared to nonfat dried milk, soy protein isolate, and dried egg yolk and egg white powders on an equivalent protein basis. BMS showed limited functional properties in water-holding capacity (0.75 g water/g protein) and fat-absorption capacity (1.2 g of oil/g of protein), and foaming capacity (0.5 ml of foam/ml of solution) and stability. However, emulsifying capacity and stability of BMS was not significantly different from other dried protein powders. Results indicated that 0.9 g of protein (approximately 0.45%, wt/vol, concentration) from BMS was needed to emulsify a maximum oil concentration of 50% in water at temperatures up to 50 degrees C. Denaturation of protein, quantified by free sulfhydryl groups, was a critical factor affecting the functionality of BMS and all other protein powders tested. The milk fat globule membrane present in BMS did not enhance either emulsifying capacity or stability.
Switchless Reconfigurable Antenna With 360° Steering (2016)

A novel reconfigurable antenna capable of rotating a bidirectional pattern by 360° in azimuth is proposed. The antenna has two ports, no aperture switching components, and offers a more compact solution than an array. It provides a reconfigurable pattern in the band 2.525-2.595 GHz and a fixed omnidirectional pattern from 2.235 to 2.725 GHz. The measured gains for four investigated configurations are between 2.1 and 3.1 dBi with total efficiencies between 80% and 89%. The antenna is intended to operate with software defined radio [digital beamforming or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)], where the potential of pattern generation using the dual-port antenna can be fully exploited. It offers multiuser pattern reconfiguration at low cost within a limited volume.
Safety and feasibility of intra-arterial nicardipine for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated vasospasm: initial clinical experience with high-dose infusions. (2007)

In this small series, high-dose intra-arterial nicardipine infusion to treat SAH-associated vasospasm seems to be safe and effective.
FPGA routing and routability estimation via Boolean satisfiability (1997)

Guaranteeing or even estimating the routability of a portion of a placed FPGA remains difficult or impossible in most practical applications. In this paper we develop a novel formulation of both routing and routability estimation that relies on a rendering of the routing constraints as a single large Boolean equation. Any satisfying assignment to this equation specifies a complete detailed routing. By representing the equation as a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD), we represent all possible routes for allnets simultaneously. Routability estimation is transformed to Boolean satisfiability, which is trivial for BDDs. We use the technique in the context of a perfect routability estimator for a global router. Experimental results from a standard FPGA benchmark suite suggest the technique is feasible for realistic circuits, but refinements are needed for very large designs.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Review and Current State Of The Art (2014)

Since the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) 12 years ago, the treatment options for severe, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis in high-risk patients have significantly increased. Because of the growing implementation of TAVI in clinical practice, knowledge of the outstanding clinical outcome of TAVI and TAVI-related limitations is expanding. In this review, potential complications, including stroke, vascular complications, paravalvular regurgitation, and conduction disturbances, are discussed. To reduce the incidence of these limitations, new valves are being designed and clinically evaluated. The ultimate goal is to reduce potential complications and expand the use of TAVI to lower-risk patient cohorts.
A single-frame visual gyroscope (2005)

Rapid camera rotations (e.g. camera shake) are a significant problem when real-time computer vision algorithms are applied to video from a handheld or head-mounted camera. Such camera motions cause image features to move large distances in the image and cause significant motion blur. Here we propose a very fast method of estimating the camera rotation from a single frame which does not require any detection, matching or extraction of feature points and can be used as a motion estimator to reduce the search range for feature matching algorithms that may be subsequently applied to the image. This method exploits the motion blur in the frame, using features which remain sharp to rapidly compute the axis of rotation of the camera, and using blurred features to estimate the magnitude of the camera's rotation.
Molecular Pathways: Beta-Adrenergic Signaling in Cancer (2011)

Beta-adrenergic signaling has been found to regulate multiple cellular processes that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer, including inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis/anoikis, cell motility and trafficking, activation of tumor-associated viruses, DNA damage repair, cellular immune response, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In several experimental cancer models, activation of the sympathetic nervous system promotes the metastasis of solid epithelial tumors and the dissemination of hematopoietic malignancies via β-adrenoreceptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A and exchange protein activated by adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways. Within the tumor microenvironment, β-adrenergic receptors on tumor and stromal cells are activated by catecholamines from local sympathetic nerve fibers (norepinephrine) and circulating blood (epinephrine). Tumor-associated macrophages are emerging as key targets of β-adrenergic regulation in several cancer contexts. Sympathetic nervous system regulation of cancer cell biology and the tumor microenvironment has clarified the molecular basis for long-suspected relationships between stress and cancer progression, and now suggests a highly leveraged target for therapeutic intervention. Epidemiologic studies have linked the use of β-blockers to reduced rates of progression for several solid tumors, and preclinical pharmacologic and biomarker studies are now laying the groundwork for translation of β-blockade as a novel adjuvant to existing therapeutic strategies in clinical oncology.
Blurred Star Image Processing for Star Sensors under Dynamic Conditions (2012)

The precision of star point location is significant to identify the star map and to acquire the aircraft attitude for star sensors. Under dynamic conditions, star images are not only corrupted by various noises, but also blurred due to the angular rate of the star sensor. According to different angular rates under dynamic conditions, a novel method is proposed in this article, which includes a denoising method based on adaptive wavelet threshold and a restoration method based on the large angular rate. The adaptive threshold is adopted for denoising the star image when the angular rate is in the dynamic range. Then, the mathematical model of motion blur is deduced so as to restore the blurred star map due to large angular rate. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which is suitable for blurred star image processing and practical for attitude determination of satellites under dynamic conditions.
Ravensdown sales double in Mackay region (2013)

Ravensdown Fertiliser Australia shareholders have good reason to be pleased following the announcement that the farmer-owned cooperative has more than doubled its fertiliser sales from the 2011 season in the Mackay region. RFA Mackay region account manager Wayne Berginey said increased fertiliser sales meant more dollars in shareholders' pockets.
C.E.M.-The Alfa Romeo Engine Management System-Design Concepts-Trends for the Future (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the CEM, an original electronic engine management system developed by Alfa Romeo which has the task of controlling fuel injection, ignition and other boundary functions. This system has been designed particularly for high specific power output engines, as typical Alfa Romeo engines are; hence it includes timed sequential fuel injection and a set of sensors and actuators that were chosen aiming in particular at fast engine response. The CEM system has been defined and tested on all the engines of the Alfa Romeo range; it has also made possible the development of new control techniques such as the nodular engine. In order to improve the performance characteristics and to obtain additional control features a second generation CEM is now under development. The future system will use the spin-offs of studies now in progress on adaptive controls based on detection of the pressure cycles and ionization inside cylinders to achieve a direct control of combustion. This should enable the optimization of engine behaviour during its whole life.</div>
George Borrow, Sir Richard Phillips, and the Oxford Review (2002)

1Kyoto University
A simple form of vibration camera (1924)

The note describes a simple form of vibration camera suitable for use when photographic records are to be made of either transient or repeated phenomena. A plate-holder taking plates up to 15 cm. long is shot at 300 cm. per sec. or quicker along grooves past a slit in the lid of a long shallow box. Stretched catapult elastic cords or compressed springs, used to give the plate the desired velocity, are arranged so that they just cease to accelerate the plate as the exposure is made. A diagram and the necessary constructional details are given.
Electrical stimulation rate effects on speech perception in cochlear implants (2009)

The objective of this study was to explore cochlear implant users' speech perception performance in quiet and in noise for low to moderate stimulation rates. Eight postlingually deaf adult users of the Nucleus CI24 cochlear implant (contour electrode array) using the ESPrit 3G speech processor participated in this study. Monosyllabic word recognition in quiet and sentence perception in noise was evaluated for low to moderate stimulation rates of 275, 350, 500, and 900 pulses-per-second/channel (pps/ch). All four stimulation rate programs were balanced for loudness. A repeated ABCD experimental design was employed. Take home practice was provided with each stimulation rate. Subjects also responded to a comparative questionnaire to examine their rate preference for a variety of listening situations. Results for six of the eight subjects showed no significant effect of rate for monosyllables in quiet. However, results for the sentence test in noise demonstrated improvements with 500 or 900 pps/ch stimulation rates in seven out of the eight subjects. Although there was not a close relationship between each subject's subjective preference and the rate program that provided best speech perception, most subjects indicated a preference for 500 pps/ch rate in noise.
153Sm-EDTMP and melphalan chemoradiotherapy regimen for bone marrow ablation prior to marrow transplantation (1992)

Chemoradiotherapy with melphalan and 153Sm-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) was used to ablate bone marrow in WAG rats which were subsequently rescued by marrow transplantation. Internal irradiation of bone marrow with high doses of up to 3.5 GBq kg-1 153Sm-EDTMP alone produced profound, but self-limiting, myelosuppression and all animals recovered spontaneously. Melphalan alone in doses of 9.5 mg kg-1 also caused transient myelosuppression without mortality. However, the combination of 9.5 mg kg-1 melphalan and 555 MBq kg-1 153Sm-EDTMP caused marrow ablation and death in 80% of animals. The mortality of this chemoradiotherapy regimen was reduced to 7% by sequential administration of 153Sm-EDTMP on day 0 and melphalan on day 5 followed by marrow transfusion of 7.5 x 10(7) cells on day 6. These results were comparable to those obtained following bone marrow transplantation 24 h after lethal total body external beam irradiation. In the inbred WAG rat experimental model the sequential chemoradiotherapeutic regimen of internal irradiation with 153Sm-EDTMP followed by chemotherapy with melphalan was demonstrated to ablate bone marrow effectively whilst preserving the capacity for recovery following marrow transplantation.
Adhesive powder uptake and transfer by Mediterranean fruit flies, <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> (Dipt., Tephritidae) (2006)

Abstract: Entostat TM is an electrostatically charged wax powder that is used as a carrier particle in novel delivery systems for contaminating target insect pests with insecticides, biologicals or pheromones. Here, the adhesion of two forms of Entostat to the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) was examined, and the adhesion of Entostat to live and dead medflies was compared. From controlled contaminations of medflies, it was shown that live medflies acquired larger quantities of Entostat than dead medflies, which could be due to the electrostatic charge shown to be carried by live insects. Air‐milled Entostat (7.59 μ m mean diameter) adhered in larger quantities to medflies than pestle and mortar‐ground Entostat (9.17 μ m mean diameter). Exposing medflies to different quantities of Entostat affected the initially adhering quantity but did not alter the proportion of powder retained over time. Medfly males contaminated with air‐milled Entostat were shown to transfer small quantities to females during mating. This documentation of secondary powder transfer underscores the potential for using slow‐acting killing agents on the basis of this delivery system.