gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Indirectly Co-cultured Tooth Germ Cells (2007)

14 Volume 10, Number 1, 2007 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are a type of adult stem cells that have been recognised for many years1. When provided with appropriate inductive factors, including cytokines and growth factors, these clonal, plastic adherent cells are capable in vitro of differentiating into many kinds of cells, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, myoblasts, and also various non-mesenchymal tissue lineages, including hepatocytes and possibly neural cells2-8. It seems that the fate of BM-MSCs is determined by their surroundings5. Studies of BM-MSCs in tooth-tissue-engineering have generated a great deal of excitement9-11. They indicate that BM-MSCs could give rise to ameloblast-like cells and dental mesenchymal cells, and participate in tooth formation by the induction of early embryonic oral epithelium. Recent advances, including direct cell pellet implantation9,10,12,13 and tissue engineering in combination with biocompatible scaffolds14, have allowed us to contemplate new and promising strategies for hard tissue repair, especially for tooth regeneration. To investigate whether the signals produced from tooth germ cells (TGCs) can determine the final differentiation of BM-MSCs, an indirect co-culture system between BM-MSCs and TGCs was established, and the differentiation of BM-MSCs was evaluated according to molecular and tissue characteristics. Objective: To study the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). When co-cuttured with tooth germ cells (TGCs). Methods: The BM-MSCs were isolated from tibiae and fibula of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aseptically and cultured. The fist molar tooth buds were isolated from E17 SD foetus and processed to obtain TGCs. The BM-MSCs were co-cultured with TGCs indirectly. The differentiation potentiality of BM-MSCs and the tooth-forming potentiality of TGCs were assessed. Results: The BM-MSCs started to express odontogenic markers, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) after 7 days co-culture with TGCs. Implants of co-cultured pellets formed osteoid dentin under renal capsules, while control groups self-differentiated into osseous tissue. Conclusion: BM-MSCs could be differentiated by co-cultured with TGCs into dental tissues, although the molecular mechanism requires further study.
A phase 1 study of systemic ADH‐1 in combination with melphalan via isolated limb infusion in patients with locally advanced in‐transit malignant melanoma (2009)

Systemic ADH-1 at a dose of 4000 mg on Days 1 and 8 in combination with melphalan via isolated limb infusion is a well-tolerated, novel targeted therapy approach to regionally advanced melanoma. The number of CRs exceeded expectations, suggesting that targeting N-cadherin may be a new strategy for overcoming melanoma chemoresistance.
Combined blind/nonblind source separation based on the natural gradient (2001)

It is a known fact that blind algorithms have convergence times of an order of magnitude longer than their nonblind counterparts. However, as shown in this letter, the knowledge of a subset of signals can greatly accelerate the convergence of blind source separation. The convergence behavior of the proposed algorithm is compared with the blind-only case.
Propargyl-Linked Antifolates Are Potent Inhibitors of Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2016)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to cause widespread, life-threatening disease. In the last decade, this threat has grown dramatically as multi- and extensively-drug resistant (MDR and XDR) bacteria have spread globally and the number of agents that effectively treat these infections is significantly reduced. We have been developing the propargyl-linked antifolates (PLAs) as potent inhibitors of the essential enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from bacteria and recently found that charged PLAs with partial zwitterionic character showed improved mycobacterial cell permeability. Building on a hypothesis that these PLAs may penetrate the outer membrane of M. tuberculosis and inhibit the essential cytoplasmic DHFR, we screened a group of PLAs for antitubercular activity. In this work, we identified several PLAs as potent inhibitors of the growth of M. tuberculosis with several of the compounds exhibiting minimum inhibition concentrations equal to or less than 1 μg/mL. Furthermore, two of the compounds were very potent inhibitors of MDR and XDR strains. A high resolution crystal structure of one PLA bound to DHFR from M. tuberculosis reveals the interactions of the ligands with the target enzyme.
Diagnosis and Management of Polycythemia Vera: Proceedings from a Multidisciplinary Roundtable. (2014)

A multidisciplinary roundtable was convened on May 29, 2014, to gain insight and guidance from experts on the diagnosis and management of polycythemia vera (PV), including practical strategies, recent advances, and the emerging science. The roundtable was comprised of 10 experts in relevant fields: hematology, oncology, managed care, specialty pharmacy, translational research, and oncology nursing/nurse navigation. This supplement highlights the discussions and recommendations of the experts who participated in this meeting, with the overarching goal being to improve outcomes by enhancing the quality, delivery, and continuum of care for patients with PV.
Effects of Anandamide and Noxious Heat on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Nociceptive DRG Neurons of Rats (2007)

As an endogenous agonist at the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and the capsaicin-receptor TRPV1, anandamide may exert both anti- and pronociceptive actions. Therefore we studied the effects of anandamide and other activators of both receptors on changes in free cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in acutely dissociated small dorsal root ganglion neurons (diameter: < or =30 microm). Anandamide (10 microM) increased [Ca(2+)](i) in 76% of the neurons. The EC(50) was 7.41 microM, the Hill slope was 2.15 +/- 0.43 (mean +/- SE). This increase was blocked by the competitive TRPV1-antagonist capsazepine (10 microM) and in Ca(2+)-free extracellular solution. Neither exclusion of voltage-gated sodium channels nor additional blockade of voltage-gated calcium channels of the L-, N-, and/or T-type, significantly reduced the anandamide-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase or capsaicin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) transients (0.2 microM). The CB1-agonist HU210 (10 microM) inhibited the anandamide-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i). Conversely, the CB1-antagonist AM251 (3 microM) induced a leftward shift of the concentration-response relationship by approximately 4 microM (P < 0.001; Hill slope, 2.17 +/- 0.75). Intracellular calcium transients in response to noxious heat (47 degrees C for 10 s) were highly correlated with the anandamide-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases (r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Heat-induced [Ca(2+)](i) transients were facilitated by preincubation with subthreshold concentrations of anandamide (3 microM), an effect that was further enhanced by 3 microM AM251. Although anandamide acts on both TRPV1 and CB1 receptors in the same nociceptive DRG neurons, its pronociceptive effects dominate. Anandamide triggers an influx of calcium through TRPV1 but no intracellular store depletion. It facilitates the heat responsiveness of TRPV1 in a calcium-independent manner. These effects of anandamide differ from those of the classical exogenous TRPV1-agonist capsaicin and suggest a primarily modulatory mode of action of anandamide.
Preoperative Evaluation of the Aortic Orifice at Left Ventricular Puncture (1967)

The following paper deals with a study of 93 left ventricular punctures in 91 patients being assessed for operations on the aortic valve, measuring the pressure gradient above the valve by introducing a polyethylene catheter through the left ventricle into the aorta.The method and complications arising are briefly discussed. The analysis shows that direct ventricular puncture is a quick and fully reliable method for gathering information in assessing indications for operation on the aortic valve.
Efficacy and immunologic effects of RNA-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines targeting human cytomegalovirus antigens in patients with glioblastoma (2008)

LB-73 Background Conventional therapies for GBM fail to target tumor cells exclusively. Immunologic targeting of tumor-specific proteins may allow more precise eradication of neoplastic cells. The discovery and recent confirmation that GBM, but not surrounding normal brain tissue, serves as a refuge for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation provides an unparalleled opportunity to subvert, as tumor-specific antigens, the highly-immunogenic viral proteins expressed by CMV.  Patients and Methods A phase II randomized, prospective clinical trial was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of targeting the immunodominant CMV integument protein, pp65, in patients with newly-diagnosed GBM using pp65-RNA transfected dendritic cells (DCs). After resection and radiation with concurrent TMZ (75mg/m 2 /d), patients received subsequent monthly cycles of TMZ (200 mg/m 2 ) simultaneous with intradermal vaccinations and were randomized to receive an autologous lymphocyte transfusion (ALT) (3x10 7 /Kg) prior to vaccination. Subjects received vaccinations until there was evidence of tumor progression or death.  Results 21 patients were consented. 5 progressed during radiotherapy. There were no vaccine-related, reportable SAEs. TMZ therapy, however, induced Grade 3 lymphopenia (500 cells/mL) in 70% of patients after the first TMZ cycle. One nearly complete response was observed. Median PFS was 12.5 months (CI 95 : 10.0, ∞). Overall median survival is undefined, but is >21.1 months. The group randomized to receive ALT has a significantly worse median survival ( P =0.0354; logrank). Induction of CMV-specific antibody responses and DTH responses to DC vaccination were observed in the context of concurrent TMZ chemotherapy, demonstrating the TMZ is not a barrier to immunologic responses to DC vaccination in humans. Polyfunctional T cell responses are under current evaluation, but preliminary data shows that patients with GBM have CMV-specific immunologic deficiencies.  Conclusions CMV proteins may serve as novel, tumor-specific targets for immunotherapy in patients with GBM. Immunotherapy targeting CMV pp65 may improve survival and should be evaluated in randomized Phase III trials.  This work was supported by funds from the NIH/NINDS SPORE in Brain Cancer 1P50 CA108786 01 (Sampson), NIH R01 CA-97222-01 (Sampson), The Brain Tumor Society (Mitchell / Sampson), and Accelerate Brain Cancer Cure (Mitchell).
ChemInform Abstract: Monodispersed Colloidal Spheres: Old Materials with New Applications (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Degradation of the cleaved leader peptide of thiolase by a peroxisomal proteinase. (1995)

A peroxisomal location for insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) has been defined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of stably transfected CHO cells overexpressing IDE and digitonin-permeabilization studies in normal nontransfected fibroblasts. The functional significance of IDE in degrading cleaved leader peptides of peroxisomal proteins targeted by the type II motif was evaluated with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the type II leader peptide of prethiolase. The peptide effectively competed for degradation and cross-linking of the high-affinity substrate 125I-labeled insulin to IDE. Direct proteolysis of the leader peptide of prethiolase was confirmed by HPLC; degradation was inhibited by immunodepletion with an antibody to IDE. Phylogenetic analysis of proteinases related to IDE revealed sequence similarity to mitochondrial processing peptidases.
Global Landscape of Open Access Repositories (2019)

Purpose: The present study attempts to highlight the status of “open access repositories” globally. Methodology: Present study is based on the data gathered from “open-DOAR”. Data gathered was thoroughly analyzed based on chosen parameters, viz., “Geographical distribution”, “Software usage”, “Language diversity”, “Operational status”, “Repository type”, “Content type” and “Subjects archived”. Findings: Open access repositories (OARs) have witnessed potential growth trends particularly in developed countries. The findings reveal that “USA” is the leading country with the largest number of repositories and “Europe” is the leading continent in contribution towards OARs. The study also reveals that the “DSpace” is one of the foremost software used by OARs and the maximum score of repositories are operationally functional and intuitional. Moreover, the study reveals that the majority of deposited contents are “journal articles” and “English” is the prominent language interface used by OARs and “multidisciplinary” subject’s leads in open DOAR. Research Limitation: The status of the open access repositories will be limited to only those repositories which have been indexed by “OpenDOAR”. Future Research: The study provides wider perspective of open access repositories and further, can be enriched by including research facets like, content management policies, and impact of OARs on scholarly communication.
Nutrition Intervention Trials in Linxian, China: Multiple Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation, Cancer Incidence, and Disease-Specific Mortality Among Adults With Esophageal Dysplasia (1993)

Although no statistically significant short-term benefits were observed, longer follow-up should be more informative about the effectiveness of this 6-year supplementation on cancer and other diseases among individuals with esophageal dysplasia.
Bridging the gap between ground- and space-based investigations of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes (2004)

Abstract Until recently spacecraft investigations of dynamic magnetospheric processes have occurred independently from those undertaken using ground-based active radar observations of the ionospheric signatures associated with these phenomena. This paper will review recent experiments combining these data sets in order to study magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling. The techniques discussed will include: (i) the investigation of ULF waves generated by wave–particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere and subsequent ring current energy dissipation in the ionosphere; (ii) studies of the high latitude acceleration region responsible for the formation of aurora and (iii) the tagging of flux tubes in order to increase the confidence that ground and space observations are truly conjugate. In each case the satellite observations will be discussed in the context of coherent HF and incoherent UHF radar measurements as well as high power radio heating experiments that can be employed to simulate naturally occurring processes.
A Computational View of COX-2 Inhibition (2006)

Selective inhibition of COX-2 provided a new class of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic drugs with significantly reduced side effects and could also be an important strategy for preventing or treating a number of cancers. This review illustrates the molecular modeling methods used for the knowledge of the molecular mechanism of inhibition as well as for the design of selective compounds.
Digital Control of SiO<sub>2</sub> Film Deposition at Room Temperature (2009)

In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a robust process for digital control of high quality SiO2 thin films at room temperature using pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Plasma activation of the SiCl4 precursor is critical, as atomic layer deposition does not occur under these conditions. Sub-angstrom control over deposition rate was obtained by adjusting the density of SiCl4 present at plasma ignition. The intrinsic refractive index of 1.46 was obtained at rates between 0.8 and 1.6 Å/pulse. No impurities were detected by either X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) in films deposited under optimal conditions.
Application of repetitive control and iterative learning control to cold rolling processes / (1994)

Fundamental frequency of the transverse vibrations of a beam (e.g.work roll) COo", (Oo Nominal value and normalized perturbation (or total, dependent on context) of unwind drive motor speed COi, CO, Nominal value and normalized perturbation (or total, dependent on context) of stand drive motor speed 2", 2 Nominal value and normalized perturbation (or total, dependent on context) of rewind drive motor speed Normalized unwind drive motor speed reference perturbation * Normalized mill stand drive motor speed reference perturbation 2 Normalized rewind drive motor speed reference perturbation b Backup roll angular velocity m Nominal drive motor speed md Natural frequency in the denominator polynomial of the open loop transfer function of the speed control loop mn Natural frequency in the numerator polynomial of the open loop transfer function of the speed control loop ^ Work roll angular velocity Damping ratio in the denominator polynomial of the open loop transfer function of the speed control loop Damping ratio in the numerator polynomial of the open loop transfer function of the speed control loop XX CHAPTER I
Direct conversion of esters, lactones, and carboxylic acids to oxazolines catalyzed by a tetranuclear zinc cluster (2006)

The tetranuclear zinc cluster Zn4(OCOCF3)6O catalyzes the direct conversion of esters, lactones, and carboxylic acids to oxazolines with remarkable chemoselectivity.
Exciting Prospects for Precise Engineering of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Genomes with CRISPR/Cas9 (2013)

With remarkable speed, the CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease has become the genome-editing tool of choice for essentially all genetically tractable organisms. Targeting specific DNA sequences is conceptually simple because the Cas9 nuclease can be guided by a single, short RNA (sgRNA) to introduce double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) at precise locations. Here I contrast and highlight protocols recently developed by eight different research groups, six of which are published in GENETICS, to modify the Caenorhabditis elegans genome using CRISPR/Cas9. This reverse engineering tool levels the playing field for experimental geneticists.
The Multidimensional Access Memory in STARAN (1977)

STARAN® has a number of array modules, each with a multidimensional access (MDA) memory. The implementation of this memory with random-access memory (RAM) chips is described. Because data can be accessed in either the word direction or the bit-slice direction, associative processing is possible without the need for costly, custom-made logic-in-memory chips.
TOTAL RADIATED POWER MEASUREMENT FOR ANTENNA INTEGRATED RADIOS USING A SPHEROIDAL COUPLER (2009)

Recently we see rapid increases of 'antenna integrated radios' such as RFID and UWB devices in addition to cellular phones and wireless LAN. These devices, having no monitoring terminals of Tx output power, must be tested based on radiation measurement where performances are expressed in terms of total radiated power (TRP). There exist several method for measuring TRP [1] – [3]. These methods, however, need large-scale facility such as radio anechoic chamber and 2-axis scanner. Furthermore they are time consuming and difficult to measure low-level spurious radiation. In this paper, we propose a novel TRP measurement method with very high sensitivity using a spheroidal coupler[4]. Although the behavior of electromagnetic waves in the coupler is complex due to multiple reflections, we can evaluate the maximum TRP from the equipment under test (EUT) by applying displacement technique to the EUT and the receiving antenna. We developed a spheroidal coupler with diameter of about one meter and verified the feasibility of TRP measurements using EUT at 2.4 GHz.
Construction and molecular analysis of genetically modified C 3 plants expressing a glycolate oxidizing pathway inside the chloroplast (2006)

Metabolism of glycolate via the photorespiratory pathway in C3 plants consumes not only ATP and reducing equivalents but results also in approximately 25% loss of the carbon from glycolate. In the present study, a novel biochemical pathway for the metabolism of glycolate was established in the chloroplast of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The new pathway aims to increase the CO2 concentration in the vicinity of Rubisco thereby suppressing photorespiration in C3 plants. The pathway is derived from E. coli and converts the glycolate formed during photorespiration into glycerate. Three enzymatic activities are required: glycolate dehydrogenase (GDH), glyoxylate carboligase (GCL), and tartronic semialdehyde reductase (TSR). The minimal E.coli glycolate dehydrogenase enzyme is formed from three different polypeptides. As an alternative, a glycolate dehydrogenase (AtGDH) derived from A. thaliana was used. Transgenic A. thaliana plants containing the necessary genes for the novel pathway were generated. Variable amounts of foreign proteins as well as RNA were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Enzymatic assays showed that the proteins are active in planta. Biochemical, physiological and biophysical analyses were performed under ambient and enhanced photorespiratory conditions using different transgenic lines for evaluating the impact of the novel pathway in planta. By measuring the Gly/Ser ratio, a clear reduction in photorespiration was observed in transgenic plants expressing the novel pathway genes compared to wild type plants. A clear decrease in the amount of CO2 released in the plant mitochondria during photorespiration was also obvious in transgenic lines. The ammonia release bioassay provides an additional evidence for the partial suppression of photorespiration in some of the transgenic lines. Furthermore, establishment of the glycolate pathway in the plant chloroplasts results in a decrease in the CO2 compensation point (Gamma*). The CO2 assimilation rates in transgenic plants were also enhanced under photorespiratory conditions. Finally, plant growth measurements revealed that the transgenic plants expressing the glycolate pathway in their chloroplasts have bigger leaf area as well as bigger rosette diameter compared to the control plants. Moreover, the total fresh and dry weight measurements showed that the total plant productivity was enhanced. Interestingly, most of the described effects were also observed in plants that only overexpressed a functional GDH. However, these effects were stronger in plants overexpressing all necessary elements of the glycolate pathway. Moreover, the phenotypical effects were much stronger when the bacterial GDH was compared to the plant GDH. Taken together, it can be concluded that expression of the novel pathway in C3 plant chloroplast does not only result in a reduction of photorespiration but it also enhances plant growth.
Impact of surface proximity gettering and nitrided oxide side-wall spacer by nitrogen implantation on sub-quarter micron CMOS LDD FETs (2002)

We propose an advanced sub-quarter micron CMOS process for ultra shallow junctions and high reliability using a new nitrogen implantation technique. Nitrogen atoms implanted into the source/drain for NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs can suppress impurity diffusion and leakage current, since not only can nitrogen atoms occupy the diffusion path of arsenic and boron atoms but also the secondary defects induced by nitrogen implantation can act as a surface proximity gettering site. Moreover, this technique can remarkably suppress the hot carrier degradation for CMOS LDD FETs, since the segregation of nitrogen at interface between the substrate and the side-wall SiO/sub 2/ can reduce the interface state generation under the side-wall spacer.