gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discriminative cluster analysis (2006)

Clustering is one of the most widely used statistical tools for data analysis. Among all existing clustering techniques, k-means is a very popular method because of its ease of programming and because it accomplishes a good trade-off between achieved performance and computational complexity. However, k-means is prone to local minima problems, and it does not scale too well with high dimensional data sets. A common approach to dealing with high dimensional data is to cluster in the space spanned by the principal components (PC). In this paper, we show the benefits of clustering in a low dimensional discriminative space rather than in the PC space (generative). In particular, we propose a new clustering algorithm called Discriminative Cluster Analysis (DCA). DCA jointly performs dimensionality reduction and clustering. Several toy and real examples show the benefits of DCA versus traditional PCA+k-means clustering. Additionally, a new matrix formulation is proposed and connections with related techniques such as spectral graph methods and linear discriminant analysis are provided.
Reduction of light source noise from optical intrinsic signals of mouse neocortex by using independent component analysis (2015)

Because the optical intrinsic signal (OIS) of the brain is very weak, noise reduction is essential. Independent component analysis (ICA) is widely used for noise reduction. However, the applicability of ICA to the reduction of light source (LS) noise has not been discussed in detail. In addition, determining the proper number of independent components (ICs) for decomposition is very important to a reasonable classification of the ICs. In this study, we considered the applicability of ICA to LS noise reduction by modeling the impact of LS noise on OIS data. We propose a method for determining the number of ICs that uses the power spectral density of LS noise. To evaluate its usefulness, the method was applied to real OIS data of a mouse's cerebral cortex.
Preparing Sample Chambers for Single-Molecule FRET (2012)

Single-molecule (sm) fluorescence detection is a powerful method for studying biological events without time and population averaging. Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a spectroscopic technique in which the efficiency of energy transfer from donor to acceptor molecules is used to determine distances between molecules in the 30-80 Å range. Structural changes in biological molecules or relative motion between two interacting molecules can be detected by a change in FRET. A variant of smFRET is based on total internal reflection (TIR) microscopy, which can be set up in two ways, either using an oil-immersion (objective-type) or a water-immersion (prism-type) lens. To study the conformational changes of individual molecules over extended time periods, molecules must be localized in space. This protocol describes the preparation of sample chambers with either bovine serum albumin (BSA)- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated slides to which single molecules can be tethered for use in FRET studies.
Comparison of the Effect of Various Chemical Peeling Agents in a Mini-Pig Model (1996)

The glycolic acid and pyruvic acid caused minimal nonspecific reaction. However, the collagen deposition caused by the glycolic acid and pyruvic acid was disproportionately increased suggesting a direct stimulatory effect by the two agents.
Atomic Shielding Constants (1930)

In analogy with the method of Zener for the atoms from Li to F, simple rules are set up giving approximate analytic atomic wave functions for all the atoms, in any stage of ionization. These are applied to x-ray levels, sizes of atoms and ions, diamagnetic susceptibility, etc. In connection with ferromagnetism it is shown that if this really depends on the existence of incomplete shells within the atoms, rather far apart in the crystal, then the metals most likely to show it would be Fe, Co, Ni, and alloys of Mn and Cu (Heusler alloys).
A NOVEL SELF-ADAPTIVE WORDLINE VOLTAGE GENERATOR FOR HIGH OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY IN PHASE CHANGE MEMORY (2007)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel self-adaptive wordline voltage generator for phase change memories. It is based on a feedback loop which modulates the output resistance of the select MOS transistors to compensate the voltage drop across the bitline distributive resistance. Simulation results show that very effective compensation is achieved, with the reset current kept constant at the desired value for memory cells located at different rows.
Victorian Masculinities (2008)

The study of Victorian masculinities is now a burgeoning field. In 1995 an emphasis on pluralities was registered in titles such as Herbert Sussman’s Victorian Masculinities: Manhood and Masculine Poetics in Early Victorian Literature and Art and Joseph A. Kestner’s Masculinities in Victorian Painting. Ten years on, Martin A. Danahay’s Gender at Work in Victorian Culture: Literature, Art and Masculinity would still be concerned with the many and competing ways in which masculinity was represented in the nineteenth century. This is not the only task of writers on masculinity, however. In 1995 R.W. Connell noted: ‘To recognize more than one kind of masculinity is only a first step. We have to examine the relations between them. Further, we have to unpack the milieux of class and race and scrutinize the gender relations operating within them.’ Much recent work on masculinity does just that and the essays published here reflect this imperative.
Purification and Characteristics of Porcine Growth Hormone (1970)

A simple procedure is described for the isolation of porcine growth hormone from the filtrate remaining after the adsorption of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) onto oxidized cellulose during the commercial manufacture of ACTH. Growth hormone is purified by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose. The purified hormone has a specific biological activity nearly twice that of the international standard of growth hormone (bovine, for bioassay), and is essentially free of other activities of the anterior pituitary. Its isoelectric point is at pH 6.3. The molecule appears to be a single polypeptide chain with phenylalanine at both the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal residues. The amino acid composition resembles that of bovine, canine, and human growth hormone.
General Approach for the Synthesis of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles Mediated by Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2007)

We report in this paper novel chemistry that addresses the problem of surfactant solubility in supercritical CO2 for metal nanoparticle synthesis. This new approach for the preparation of organic-functionalized inorganic nanoparticles relies on the reduction of a metal precursor in a CO2-containing insoluble polymer. Reduction of the metal with H2 leads to small nanocrystals stabilized by the polymer with a relatively small polydispersity. The functionalized metal nanoparticles are recovered as a dry powder, free of any organic solvents, which can then be resuspended in an appropriate solvent. This approach limits the number of steps for the preparation of functional nanoparticles which are ready for use. To illustrate this, we report results of the preparation of palladium and silver nanoparticles of 3-5 nm size stabilized with hyperbranched polyamines, functionalized with perfluoroalkyl, perfluorooligoether, non-fluorinated alkyl, polysiloxane, or polyethylene glycol moieties.
Real-time fault detection for small computers (1971)

Advancing technology and declining costs have led to a sharp increase in the number and variety of small computers in use. Because small computers are readily suited for many real-time applications, a great deal of work has been directed toward simplifying the interface between the computer and its peripherals. Hardware interrupting capability and a specially designed I/O bus are required for peripheral device interfacing in a real-time environment and such things as direct memory access, data channels, and multilevel hardware and software interrupt capability are common. These machines tend to be parallel, synchronous computers with a relatively simple architecture.
Theory and Real-Time Implementation of Time Varying Digital Audio Filters (1990)

Their realization via recursive difference equations with updated coefficients is examined. The errors and distortions occurring during parameter transitons are evaluated. A description of real-time implementation for the TMS 32020 microprocessor is also given, with tests for estimating the lower transition step limits so that a continuous parametric variation can be emulated
REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY IN INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF SUPEROXIDE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE WITHIN THE SPERM AND ITS RELATION TO SPERM DEVELOPMENT (1999)

This study was performed to understand the regional distribution of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide within the spermatozoa of mice during both normal and altered situations of epididymal maturation. The intracellular O2*- levels were probed employing dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DDF) as a reporter. The testicular spermatozoa from normal animals showed strong regional heterogeneity in the DDF fluorescence patterns over the various domains. Vasectomy resulted in strong inhibition in the O2* levels of spermatozoa at all stages of maturation. Interestingly, the fluorescein diacetate staining pattern was strong in the head of spermatozoa from the testis, caput, corpus, and cauda region. Further. there was a progressive reduction in the fluorescence in the head region in the spermatozoa toward the cauda region. The midpiece and tail showed moderate fluorescence, which also diminished as the spermatozoa matured. The spermatozoa from the vas deferens exhibited a weak fluorescence over the head domain, with the other domain staining extremely weak. Here again, vasectomy introduced considerable loss in the fluorescence intensity. The implications of programmed production of reactive oxygen species in specific domains of the spermatozoa during various stages of development are discussed.
Implementation of the Mixed-Precision High Performance LINPACK Benchmark on the CELL Processor (2006)

This paper describes the design concepts behind implementations of mixed-precision linear algebra routines targeted for the Cell processor. It describes in detail the implementation of code to solve linear system of equations using Gaussian elimination in single precision with iterative refinement of the solution to the full double precision accuracy. By utilizing this approach the algorithm achieves close to an order of magnitude higher performance on the Cell processor than the performance offered by the standard double precision algorithm. Effectively the code is an implementation of the high performance LINPACK benchmark, since it meets all the requirements concerning the problem being solved and the numerical properties of the solution.
Interactions of VirB9, -10, and -11 with the membrane fraction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: solubility studies provide evidence for tight associations (1995)

The eleven predicted gene products of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens virB operon are believed to form a transmembrane pore complex through which T-DNA export occurs. The VirB10 protein is required for virulence and is a component of an aggregate associated with the membrane fraction of A. tumefaciens. Removal of the putative membrane-spanning domain (amino acids 22 through 55) disrupts the membrane topology of VirB10 (J. E. Ward, E. M. Dale, E. W. Nester, and A. N. Binns, J. Bacteriol. 172:5200-5210, 1990). Deletion of the sequences encoding amino acids 22 to 55 abolishes the ability of plasmid-borne virB10 to complement a null mutation in the virB10 gene, suggesting that the proper topology of VirB10 in the membrane may indeed play a crucial role in T-DNA transfer to the plant cell. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis indicated that the observed loss of virulence could not be attributed to a decrease in the steady-state levels of the mutant VirB10 protein. Although the deletion of the single transmembrane domain would be expected to perturb membrane association, VirB10 delta 22-55 was found exclusively in the membrane fraction. Urea extraction studies suggested that this membrane localization might be the result of a peripheral membrane association; however, the mutant protein was found in both inner and outer membrane fractions separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Both wild-type VirB10 and wild-type VirB9 were only partially removed from the membranes by extraction with 1% Triton X-100, while VirB5 and VirB8 were Triton X-100 soluble. VirB11 was stripped from the membranes by 6 M urea but not by a more mild salt extraction. The fractionation patterns of VirB9, VirB10, and VirB11 were not dependent on each other or on VirB8 or VirD4. The observed tight association of VirB9, VirB10, and VirB11 with the membrane fraction support the notion that these proteins may exist as components of multiprotein pore complexes, perhaps spanning both the inner and outer membranes of Agrobacterium cells.
Rapidly growing mycobacteria: testing of susceptibility to 34 antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution (1982)

A total of 18 strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum, 15 strains of M. chelonei, and 31 strains of M. chelonei-like organisms were tested by both broth microdilution and agar dilution to determine their susceptibility to 34 antimicrobial agents. All strains grew well enough in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth for endpoints to be read after 72 h of incubation. Some strains of M. chelonei did not grow on Mueller-Hinton agar. A few discrepancies were noted between the broth and agar procedures. For M. fortuitum, doxycycline, minocycline, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were the most active agents. For M. chelonei, amikacin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and erythromycin were the most active agents. The M. chelonei-like organisms were most susceptible to ampicillin, doxycycline, minocycline, amikacin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Broth microdilution appears to be a reliable method for susceptibility testing of rapidly growing mycobacteria, although clinical studies are needed to determine how well in vitro results correlate with therapeutic in vivo outcome.
[Cystic adenoid carcinomas (cylindromas) and olfactory esthesio-neuromas of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. Experience of the ORL Group of the National Federation of Cancer Centers]. (1997)

In 1991, a retrospective study was conducted by the French Cancer Centers Group. It concerned 752 cancers of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, among which 61 were adenoid cystic carcinomas and 64 esthesioneuroblastomas. Local aggressiveness and high metastatic potential of adenoid cystic carcinomas were confirmed: 27 local relapses, 26 metastases, overall 5-year survival rate at 55%. Concerning esthesioneuroblastomas, the 5-year survival rate was 56% for patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy (7/27 went through combined surgical approaches), and 26% for those treated with radiotherapy alone. Two main factors of poor prognosis can be emphasized: a) intracranial extension: 5-year survival rate at 18% vs 59%, b) immediate node metastases: 5-year survival rate at 11% vs 63%.
Elucidation of the Mechanism by Which Catecholamine Stress Hormones Liberate Iron from the Innate Immune Defense Proteins Transferrin and Lactoferrin (2009)

The ability of catecholamine stress hormones and inotropes to stimulate the growth of infectious bacteria is now well established. A major element of the growth induction process has been shown to involve the catecholamines binding to the high-affinity ferric-iron-binding proteins transferrin (Tf) and lactoferrin, which then enables bacterial acquisition of normally inaccessible sequestered host iron. The nature of the mechanism(s) by which the stress hormones perturb iron binding of these key innate immune defense proteins has not been fully elucidated. The present study employed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical iron-binding analyses to demonstrate that catecholamine stress hormones form direct complexes with the ferric iron within transferrin and lactoferrin. Moreover, these complexes were shown to result in the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and the loss of protein-complexed iron. The use of bacterial ferric iron uptake mutants further showed that both the Fe(II) and Fe(III) released from the Tf could be directly used as bacterial nutrient sources. We also analyzed the transferrin-catecholamine interactions in human serum and found that therapeutically relevant concentrations of stress hormones and inotropes could directly affect the iron binding of serum-transferrin so that the normally highly bacteriostatic tissue fluid became significantly more supportive of the growth of bacteria. The relevance of these catecholamine-transferrin/lactoferrin interactions to the infectious disease process is considered.
Scaling Probe-Based Real-Time Dynamic Global Illumination for Production (2020)

We contribute several practical extensions to the probe based irradiance-field-with-visibility representation to improve image quality, constant and asymptotic performance, memory efficiency, and artist control. We developed these extensions in the process of incorporating the previous work into the global illumination solutions of the NVIDIA RTXGI SDK, the Unity and Unreal Engine 4 game engines, and proprietary engines for several commercial games. These extensions include: a single, intuitive tuning parameter (the "self-shadow" bias); heuristics to speed transitions in the global illumination; reuse of irradiance data as prefiltered radiance for recursive glossy reflection; a probe state machine to prune work that will not affect the final image; and multiresolution cascaded volumes for large worlds.
Priority based intra piconet scheduling scheme for QoS guaranties in Bluetooth networks (2009)

We address QoS guarantees in a Bluetooth piconet by considering mainly two constraints: the packet deadline and its priority. We evaluate the performances of four intra piconet scheduling schemes: one round robin (1-RR), exhaustive round robin (ERR), limited round robin (LRR) and deficit round robin (DRR), each one combined with our previously proposed local scheduling scheme FP/EDF. We show that DRR gives better performances than the three other schemes. Thus, we propose a new DRR based scheme called PBDRR that takes into consideration the priority of packets. Results have shown that PBDRR performs better than DRR in terms of miss probability.
An Efficient Reference Frame Storage Scheme for H.264 HDTV Decoder (2006)

This paper proposes an efficient reference frame storage scheme for HDTV VLSI decoder to reduce external memory bandwidth requirement. The proposed scheme consists of the pixel duplication mechanism and the L-C (luma-chroma) correlated mapping method. Pixel duplication completely eliminates the possibility of an access crossing word boundary and therefore substantially increases the memory bandwidth efficiency. L-C correlated mapping exploits address relationships between the luma and chroma reference pixels and largely reduces bank conflict overhead of memory accesses. The two mechanisms combined together efficiently improve the bandwidth usage: up to 47% bandwidth in worst case is saved compared with the previous schemes, and 25% in average case
Spin Equilibria in Monomeric Manganocenes: Solid-State Magnetic and EXAFS Studies (2009)

Magnetic susceptibility measurements and X-ray data confirm that tert-butyl-substituted manganocenes [(Me3C)nC5H5−n]2Mn (n = 1, 2) follow the trend previously observed with the methylated manganocenes; that is, electron-donating groups attached to the Cp ring stabilize the low-spin (LS) electronic ground state relative to Cp2Mn and exhibit higher spin-crossover (SCO) temperatures. However, introducing three CMe3 groups on each ring gives a temperature-invariant high-spin (HS) state manganocene. The origin of the high-spin state in [1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2Mn is due to the significant bulk of the [1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]− ligand, which is sufficient to generate severe inter-ring steric strain that prevents the realization of the low-spin state. Interestingly, the spin transition in [1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2Mn is accompanied by a phase transition resulting in a significant irreversible hysteresis (ΔTc = 16 K). This structural transition was also observed by extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements. Magnetic susceptibility studies and X-ray diffraction data on SiMe3-substituted manganocenes [(Me3Si)nC5H5−n]2Mn (n = 1, 2, 3) show high-spin configurations in these cases. Although tetra- and hexasubstituted manganocenes are high-spin at all accessible temperatures, the disubstituted manganocenes exhibit a small low-spin admixture at low temperature. In this respect it behaves similarily to [(Me3C)(Me3Si)C5H3]2Mn, which has a constant low-spin admixture up to 90 K and then gradually converts to high-spin. Thermal spin-trapping can be observed for [(Me3C)(Me3Si)C5H3]2Mn on rapid cooling.
Simplified ASME acceptance test procedure for steam turbines (1981)

The simplified turbine-acceptance test measures high-pressure feedwater flow directly. Combined with a small number of other high-accuracy measurements, it helps determine if a turbine has met its performance guarantee. The accuracy of the simplified method is such that measuring tolerances should not be applied to the test results. Substantial reduction in testing costs afforded by this method should make it economical for the owners to test every large steam turbine that they purchase, and evaluate its performance. Since turbine test provisions can be permanently installed, turbine-cycle performance can be monitored by periodically repeated the test, permitting the evaluation of performance trends at a relatively low cost. A laboratory-calibrated flow-test section, which measures feedwater flow directly, permits the owners of light-water-moderated nuclear plants to operate more closely to full capacity of the licensed thermal output of their plant without exceeding it. 4 references, 3 figures, 3 tables.
Integrated vehicle recognition and inspection system to improve security in restricted access areas (2010)

Identification of vehicles for security reasons has lately attracted much scientific and commercial attention. In certain areas, such as government buildings, army camps or country borders, the vehicles are inspected before allowed to enter. As this inspection needs to be thorough, it is a rather time-consuming process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a combination of distinct computer vision inspection systems that have been developed in the Multimedia Technology Laboratory of the National Technical University of Athens, to automatically identify a vehicle entering a restricted area. The proposed system includes automatic license plate recognition, vehicle manufacturer/model detection and under-vehicle inspection. Combining the aforementioned methods can help to minimize the limitations of each individual technique and increase security in vehicle inspection. The characteristics, extracted during inspection, can be compared to the actual characteristics of each vehicle, which are acquired off-line and then stored in a vehicle record database.