gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS INFECTION IN RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) (1994)

To determine the susceptibility of raccoons (Procyon lotor) to infection with encephalo myocarditis virus (EMCV), 1-yr-old raccoons were exposed intramuscularly (n = 1) or orally (n = 6). Serum samples were collected at 3-7-day intervals beginning 14 days prior to exposure and continuing to postexposure day (PED) 107. EMCV-specific antibody titers were measured by a serum virus neutralization (SN) test. In the intramuscularly (i.m.) exposed animal, elevated and stable SN antibody titers (1:64 to 1:128) were present from PED 11 through 107. Among orally exposed raccoons, antibody titers were detected in one of six animals. In contrast to the i.m.-exposed animal, antibodies in this individual were low (< 1:16) and transient, falling to undetectable levels by PED 64. Fecal samples for virus isolation were collected four times before exposure, for 10 days after EMCV exposure, and at biweekly or weekly intervals for an additional 82 days. Whole blood for virus isolation was collected in sodium citrate on PED 3, 6, 8, and 11. No virus was detected in fecal samples or whole blood by mouse inoculation assay from any of the raccoons. No overt signs of disease were observed in raccoons over the course of the experiment following exposure by either route. No gross lesions or histopathologic changes attributed to EMCV infection were detected. Serum samples (n = 380) from a free-ranging population of raccoons trapped in Guthrie County, Iowa over a 5-yr period (1984-1988) were tested for neutralizing antibodies against EMCV. The population cross section included adults and juveniles of both sexes. Antibody titers were < 1:4 in all samples by the SN test. The absence of elevated neutralizing antibody titers suggested that EMCV was not circulating in the wild population. Although raccoons were shown to be susceptible to infection with EMCV, the cumulative results of the experimental and field studies suggest that raccoons are a dead-end host for EMCV and do not participate in the epidemiology of the disease.
Time-lapse seismic imaging by linearized joint inversion – A Valhall Field case study (2012)

We present an application of linearized joint inversion to time-lapse data sets from the Valhall field. By accounting for illumination mismatches—caused by differences in acquisition geometries—and for band-limited wave-propagation effects, our method provides more reliable estimates of production-related changes in reservoir properties than conventional time-lapse imaging methods. Using subsets of the Valhall Life of Field Seismic data sets, we demonstrate how this method attenuates artifacts in time-lapse seismic images that are caused by data gaps due to obstructions.
Methylene blue‐mediated photodynamic therapy induces mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in HeLa Cell (2008)

Methylene blue (MB), a widely studied reagent, is investigated in this work for its usage in photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT has been proved to be highly effective in the treatment of different types of cancers. Previous studies showed MB has both high affinity for mitochondria and high photodynamic efficiency. To elucidate the effects of MB in PDT, we analyzed PDT-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by introducing different doses of MB into the culture media. Our data showed that MB-mediated PDT triggered intense apoptotic cell death through a series of steps, beginning with photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species. The release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 indicated that MB-PDT-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells was executed by the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Importantly, proteomic studies confirmed that expression levels of several mitochondrial proteins were altered in MB-PDT-induced apoptosis, including TRAP1, mitochondrial elongation factor Tu and peroxiredoxin 3 isoform b. Western blot data showed that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PKA were reduced in MB-PDT treated cells, indicating several signal molecules participating in this apoptotic cascade. Moreover, MB-PDT induced an increase in the strength of interaction between Bcl-xL and dephosphorylated Bad. This led to loss of the pro-survival function of Bcl-xL and resulted in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This study provides solid evidence of a strong induction by MB-PDT of a mitochondria-dependent apoptosis cascade in HeLa cells.
Effect of different work-loads on sweat production and composition in man. (1988)

Mesure de la concentration des metabolites dans la sueur et dans le sang chez des hommes effectuant un exercice physique. Les resultats montrent une relation entre la charge de travail, le rythme cardiaque et l'excretion de sueur et egalement une relation entre la charge de travail et la concentration de lactate et entre le lactate sanguin et le lactate de la sueur. Il y a une diminution de la proportion pyruvate/lactate dans la sueur quand le rythme cardiaque augmente
Bovine colostrum as a natural growth promoter for newly weaned piglets: a review (2008)

The aim of this review is to present the potential of bovine colostrum as growth promoter in piglet-weaner diet. The consequences of weaning on the growth performance, on the gastro-intestinal tract and on the metabolic and endocrine systems of the piglet are described in the first part of this review. The second part is dedicated to bovine colostrum, with a description of the actions due to its main growth promoters and antimicrobial factors. Finally, the reported effects of colostrum specific components or colostrum fractions on the growth performance and on the structure and function of the gastro-intestinal tract of piglets in the early postweaning period are presented. They show clearly the potential of bovine colostrum to reduce the growth-check related to the weaning of the piglet.
Femtosecond fabrication of waveguides and gratings in chalcogenide thin films (2003)

Summary from only given. Amorphous chalcogenide glass (ChG) films are candidates for all-optical integrated circuits for the telecommunication industry due to their excellent infrared transparency, large nonlinear refractive index, and low phonon energies. This paper describes for the first time to our knowledge, material ablation and corresponding structural changes in single and multilayer ChG thin films, using an unamplified Ti:sapphire laser.
PUROMYCIN. SYNTHETIC STUDIES. VII. PARTIAL SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACID ANALOGS (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPUROMYCIN. SYNTHETIC STUDIES. VII. PARTIAL SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACID ANALOGSB. R. Baker, Joseph P. Joseph, and James H. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 10, 2838Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01639a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01639a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multilinear subspace analysis of image ensembles (2003)

Multilinear algebra, the algebra of higher-order tensors, offers a potent mathematical framework for analyzing ensembles of images resulting from the interaction of any number of underlying factors. We present a dimensionality reduction algorithm that enables subspace analysis within the multilinear framework. This N-mode orthogonal iteration algorithm is based on a tensor decomposition known as the N-mode SVD, the natural extension to tensors of the conventional matrix singular value decomposition (SVD). We demonstrate the power of multilinear subspace analysis in the context of facial image ensembles, where the relevant factors include different faces, expressions, viewpoints, and illuminations. In prior work we showed that our multilinear representation, called TensorFaces, yields superior facial recognition rates relative to standard, linear (PCA/eigenfaces) approaches. We demonstrate factor-specific dimensionality reduction of facial image ensembles. For example, we can suppress illumination effects (shadows, highlights) while preserving detailed facial features, yielding a low perceptual error.
AI hardware acceleration with analog memory: Microarchitectures for low energy at high speed (2019)

In this article, we present innovative microarchitectural designs for multilayer deep neural networks (DNNs) implemented in crossbar arrays of analog memories. Data is transferred in a fully parallel manner between arrays without explicit analog-to-digital converters. Design ideas including source follower-based readout, array segmentation, and transmit-by-duration are adopted to improve the circuit efficiency. The execution energy and throughput, for both DNN training and inference, are analyzed quantitatively using circuit simulations of a full CMOS design in the 90-nm technology node. We find that our current design could achieve up to 12–14 TOPs/s/W energy efficiency for training, while a projected scaled design could achieve up to 250 TOPs/s/W. Key challenges in realizing analog AI systems are discussed.
Ectopic Integration Vectors for Generating Fluorescent Promoter Fusions in Bacillus subtilis with Minimal Dark Noise (2014)

Fluorescent protein promoter reporters are important tools that are widely used for diverse purposes in microbiology, systems biology and synthetic biology and considerable engineering efforts are still geared at improving the sensitivity of the reporter systems. Here we focus on dark noise, i.e. the signal that is generated by the empty vector control. We quantitatively characterize the dark noise of a few common bacterial reporter systems by single cell microscopy. All benchmarked reporter systems generated significant amounts of dark noise that exceed the cellular autofluorescence to different extents. We then reengineered a multicolor set of fluorescent ectopic integration vectors for Bacillus subtilis by introducing a terminator immediately upstream of the promoter insertion site, resulting in an up to 2.7-fold reduction of noise levels. The sensitivity and dynamic range of the new high-performance pXFP_Star reporter system is only limited by cellular autofluorescence. Moreover, based on studies of the rapE promoter of B. subtilis we show that the new pXFP_Star reporter system reliably reports on the weak activity of the rapE promoter whereas the original reporter system fails because of transcriptional interference. Since the pXFP_Star reporter system properly isolates the promoter from spurious transcripts, it is a particularly suitable tool for quantitative characterization of weak promoters in B. subtilis.
Path segmentation for beginners: an overview of current methods for detecting changes in animal movement patterns (2016)

Increased availability of high-resolution movement data has led to the development of numerous methods for studying changes in animal movement behavior. Path segmentation methods provide basics for detecting movement changes and the behavioral mechanisms driving them. However, available path segmentation methods differ vastly with respect to underlying statistical assumptions and output produced. Consequently, it is currently difficult for researchers new to path segmentation to gain an overview of the different methods, and choose one that is appropriate for their data and research questions. Here, we provide an overview of different methods for segmenting movement paths according to potential changes in underlying behavior. To structure our overview, we outline three broad types of research questions that are commonly addressed through path segmentation: 1) the quantitative description of movement patterns, 2) the detection of significant change-points, and 3) the identification of underlying processes or 'hidden states'. We discuss advantages and limitations of different approaches for addressing these research questions using path-level movement data, and present general guidelines for choosing methods based on data characteristics and questions. Our overview illustrates the large diversity of available path segmentation approaches, highlights the need for studies that compare the utility of different methods, and identifies opportunities for future developments in path-level data analysis.
4-Oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide Derivatives as New Axl Kinase Inhibitors (2016)

Axl is a new potential target for anticancer drug discovery. A series of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides were designed and synthesized as highly potent Axl kinase inhibitors. One of the most promising compounds, 9im, tightly bound with Axl protein and potently inhibited its kinase function with a Kd value of 2.7 nM and an IC50 value of 4.0 nM, respectively, while was obviously less potent against most of the 403 wild-type kinases evaluated at a relatively high concentration. The compound dose-dependently inhibited the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppressed the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In addition, 9im also demonstrated reasonable pharmacokinetics properties in rats and exhibited in vivo therapeutic effect on hepatic metastasis in a xenograft model of highly metastatic 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. Compound 9im may serve as a lead compound for new anticancer drug discovery and a valuable research probe for further biological investigation on Axl.
The Molecular Pathogenesis of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (1999)

In 1885, Pelizaeus described 5 boys in a single family with nystagmus, spastic quadriparesis, ataxia, and delay in cognitive development. In 1910, Merzbacher reexamined this family, which then included 14 affected individuals, including 2 girls, and found that all affected family members shared a common female ancestor. Also, he noted that the disease was passed exclusively through the female line without male-to-male transmission. Pathological analysis of brain tissue from one affected individual showed that most of the central white matter lacked histochemical staining for myelin, although there were occasional small regions of preserved myelin, giving the sections a "tigroid" appearance. The description of this family provides the clinical, genetic, and pathological basis for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD): an X-linked disorder of myelination classically characterized by nystagmus, spastic quadriparesis, ataxia, and cognitive delay in early childhood.
Increasing the MTU size for energy efficiency in ethernet (2010)

21st IET Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC), Cork, Ireland, 23rd-24th June, 2010
Research Briefs (2015)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Venous Air Embolism During Cesarean Section (1993)

To confirm the incidence of venous air embolism (VAE), we simultaneously monitored expired nitrogen concentration (FEN2) and precordial Doppler in 30 patients undergoing cesarean delivery during general anesthesia. Patients were randomized into two groups and the effect of a 10 degrees reverse Trendelenburg tilt versus the horizontal position was evaluated. Forty-two episodes of VAE, defined by an increase in FEN2 of 0.1%, were detected in 97% (29/30) of patients. Doppler ultrasound failed to detect 9 of the episodes and 23 (41%) changes in Doppler tones were not associated with an increase in FEN2. These spurious Doppler signals were synchronous with compression of retroperitoneal structures, suggesting turbulent venous return to be the cause. The reverse Trendelenburg position did not reduce the incidence of VAE. Compared with the preinduction baseline, mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 31.5 +/- 10.1 mm Hg in this position and 22.6 +/- 13.4 mm Hg in the supine position after hysterotomy. We conclude that VAE in cesarean delivery during general anesthesia occurs very frequently, and that changes in Doppler tones may not be reliable indicators of this complication. Measures to reduce the size and effect of air emboli therefore should be applied routinely in all patients.
Ligand binding and physico‐chemical properties of ASP2, a recombinant odorant‐binding protein from honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) (2001)

In insects, the transport of airborne, hydrophobic odorants and pheromones through the sensillum lymph is generally thought to be accomplished by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). We report the structural and functional properties of a honeybee OBP called ASP2, heterologously expressed by the yeast Pichia pastoris. ASP2 disulfide bonds were assigned after classic trypsinolysis followed by ion-spray mass spectrometry combined with microsequencing. The pairing [Cys(I)-Cys(III), Cys(II)-Cys(V), Cys(IV)-Cys(VI)] was found to be identical to that of Bombyx mori OBP, suggesting that this pattern occurs commonly throughout the highly divergent insect OBPs. CD measurements revealed that ASP2 is mainly constituted of alpha helices, like other insect OBPs, but different from lipocalin-like vertebrate OBPs. Gel filtration analysis showed that ASP2 is homodimeric at neutral pH, but monomerizes upon acidification or addition of a chaotropic agent. A general volatile-odorant binding assay allowed us to examine the uptake of some odorants and pheromones by ASP2. Recombinant ASP2 bound all tested molecules, except beta-ionone, which could not interact with it at all. The affinity constants of ASP2 for these ligands, determined at neutral pH by isothermal titration calorimetry, are in the micromolar range, as observed for vertebrate OBP. These results suggest that odorants occupy three binding sites per dimer, probably one in the core of each monomer and another whose location and biological role are questionable. At acidic pH, no binding was observed, in correlation with monomerization and a local conformational change supported by CD experiments.
Formations of mixed β,β-dihaloenals from halogenated secondary alkynols (1992)

Iodine and Koser's reagent have been used in stoichiometric amounts to convert 3-bromo-1-phenylpropynol to (Z)-3-bromo-3-iodo-2-phenylpropenal in high yield. The latter is a major component of reaction mixtures of 3-iodo-1-phenylpropynol and bromine with Koser's reagent.
Wind field reconstruction from nacelle-mounted lidar short-range measurements (2017)

Abstract. Profiling nacelle lidars probe the wind at several heights and several distances upstream of the rotor. The development of such lidar systems is relatively recent, and it is still unclear how to condense the lidar raw measurements into useful wind field characteristics such as speed, direction, vertical and longitudinal gradients (wind shear). In this paper, we demonstrate an innovative method to estimate wind field characteristics using nacelle lidar measurements taken within the induction zone. Model-fitting wind field reconstruction techniques are applied to nacelle lidar measurements taken at multiple distances close to the rotor, where a wind model is combined with a simple induction model. The method allows robust determination of free-stream wind characteristics. The method was applied to experimental data obtained with two different types of nacelle lidar (five-beam Demonstrator and ZephIR Dual Mode). The reconstructed wind speed was within 0.5 % of the wind speed measured with a mast-top-mounted cup anemometer at 2.5 rotor diameters upstream of the turbine. The technique described in this paper overcomes measurement range limitations of the currently available nacelle lidar technology.
Large 3-D Deflection and Force Analysis of Lateral Torsional Buckled Beams (2006)

This thesis presents research on the force and deflection behavior of beams with rectangular cross-sections undergoing lateral torsional buckling. The large 3-D deflection path of buckling beam tips was closely approximated by circular arcs in two planes. A new chain algorithm element was created from pseudo-rigid-body segments and used in a chain calculation that accurately predicted the force deflection relationship of beams with large 3-D deflections.
Silicon-based transmissive diffractive optical element (2003)

A silicon nitride (SiNx) membrane diffractive optical element (DOE) designed to exhibit beam-splitting and focusing behavior at visible wavelengths has been fabricated and tested. Since the fabrication process is based on silicon micromachining technology, the DOE is easily integrated with a laser diode chip and a photodiode chip on a silicon substrate to function as the hologram-laser-photodiode unit for use in the pickup head of a CD or DVD system. The SiNx film is deposited with low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition and the free-standing membrane is formed by KOH etching. The transmissive DOE showed a high diffraction efficiency (>20% for a binary-phase-level element). The experimental evaluation was in good agreement with the designed and modeled predictions.
Review of recent acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor patents: mid-2007 – 2008 (2009)

These published patent applications include ACC inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme through modulation of the carboxyltransferase-domain, inhibitors that bind to the biotin carboxylase-domain and novel chemotypes whose mode of action was not disclosed. Furthermore, published patents claim the discovery of ACC2 isoform selective and ACC1/2 non-selective inhibitors.
First structural characterization of an eight-coordinate cobalt(II) complex containing five-membered chelate rings: evidence for d-orbital ς-stabilization energy favoring eight- over six-coordination at cobalt(II) ions (1997)

For the first time, an eight-coordinate cobalt(II) complex is presented where only five-membered chelate rings are formed with the coordinated ligand; evidence is put forward that in addition to reasons of the tetraazamacrocyclic nature of the ligand 2,11-diaza-[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane (L), eight-coordination at cobalt(II) ions is, to some extent, favored with respect to six-coordination by the presence of d-orbital ς-stabilization energy as calculated by angular overlap methods.
The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications with Barrett's esophagus. (1997)

The results of this pilot study indicate that age of onset, duration of symptoms, and complications of GERD may be markers of increased risk of Barrett's esophagus.