gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triphenylphosphine oxide as a crystallization aid (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriphenylphosphine oxide as a crystallization aidMargaret C. Etter and Paul W. BauresCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2, 639–640Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00210a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00210a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3719Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D application debugging (2014)

It is rare for a bugless program to exist, this includes 3D applications with their respective shaders. In particular shaders are harder to debug than common applications, since they are loaded to the GPU and executed in thousands of smaller threads simultaneously. It is not easy to obtain variables values, the application state and it is hard to detect what causes errors. That’s why it is necessary to study and develop debugging environments for these applications. OpenGL in particular has many open source debuggers. A study about the features and usability of Bugle, Apitrace, GLIntercept, glslDevil and VOGL is documented, hopefully helping the reader to select the best tool for his needs. An analysis of the inner workings of each of these tools was also performed. Furthermore, the appendices allow the reader to use this document as a user manual. Being a debugger for an API that is constantly evolving is not an easy task, hence, the issue of upgradeability is highly relevant. This study examines how each tool copes with OpenGL’s evolution, in particular how each tool deals with new extensions and OpenGL versions. Also a study on commercial debuggers from known companies such as AMD and NVIDIA was performed. While it is expected that these debuggers are more capable in general than their open source counterparts, this potential can only be fully explored in the respective graphics hardware. On the downside it is not possible to alter these debuggers and integrate them in another application. The goal of this section is not only to analyse the potential of these proprietary tools, but also to understand the real value of the open source debuggers. Nau 3D engine, developed at Universidade do Minho, is an engine which renders projects written with xml. Being capable of combining rasterization (OpenGL) and ray-tracing (NVIDIA’s Optix) in multipass projects, it is a complex application that greatly benefits from having as much debugging features as possible. Adding debugger features could help immensely all who work with the engine, helping both the engine developers to discover bugs in the source code, and the engine users to find bugs in their own projects. With the knowledge gathered by studying OpenGL debuggers, several debugging features were implemented in Nau 3D engine. Some of these features are configurable, and maintaining the spirit of the original project, this configuration is also written in XML.
Cross-talk-free Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy by the Switching Method (2008)

Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) is used as a powerful technique to analyze molecular interactions both in vitro and in vivo. This method basically requires two laser excitations for two target molecules labeled with fluorophores of different colors. Their coincidence in a microscopic detection volume is analyzed using two detectors. Any overlap of emission spectra of the two fluorophores, however, gives rise to false-positive data about their interaction. To overcome this problem, we have developed a new FCCS system, in which two excitation lasers are switched alternately by modulation using an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). In this report, we demonstrate the feasibility of switching FCCS for enzymatic cleavage of proteins in living cells. A fusion protein of two fluorophores (EGFP and mRFP) with a cleavage site of caspase-3 inserted was expressed in HeLa cells, and proteolysis assay was performed during apoptotic cell death. Due to the absence of cross-talk signals, the FCCS measurement with the switching function gave a large change in relative cross-correlation amplitude after protein cleavage. Hence, switching FCCS enables more reliable measurement of molecular interactions than conventional FCCS.
Efficient system-enforced deterministic parallelism (2010)

Deterministic execution offers many benefits for debugging, fault tolerance, and security. Current methods of executing parallel programs deterministically, however, often incur high costs, allow misbehaved software to defeat repeatability, and transform time-dependent races into input- or path-dependent races without eliminating them. We introduce a new parallel programming model addressing these issues, and use Determinator, a proof-of-concept OS, to demonstrate the model's practicality. Determinator's microkernel API provides only shared-nothing address spaces and deterministic interprocess communication primitives to make execution of all unprivileged code--well-behaved or not-- precisely repeatable. Atop this microkernel, Determinator's user-level runtime adapts optimistic replication techniques to offer a private workspace model for both thread-level and process-level parallel programing. This model avoids the introduction of read/write data races, and converts write/write races into reliably-detected conflicts. Coarse-grained parallel benchmarks perform and scale comparably to nondeterministic systems, on both multicore PCs and across nodes in a distributed cluster.
Selective α-Chlorination of Acetylpyrroles (1990)

Reaction of acetylpyrroles with benzyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate in tetrahydrofuran solution leads to the corresponding α-chloro derivatives with high selectivity and good yields.
Progress in RF-SQUIDs (1993)

The author reviews recent developments towards practical RF-SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices) made of high-T/sub c/ as well as conventional superconductors. It is noted that progress has been made in RF-SQUIDs towards practical low-noise sensors. The flux noise values obtained from planar thin-film devices made of both conventional and high-temperature superconductors are comparable to what is currently obtainable with DC-SQUIDs. RF-SQUIDs seem to offer somewhat lower values of low-frequency excess noise than DC-SQUIDs at frequencies below 1 Hz. To obtain optimum sensitivity, it seems advisable for RF-SQUIDs to use a cooled preamplifier. The losses in cooling liquid due to dissipation in the amplifier are negligible in the case of liquid nitrogen, and lead to an increased evaporation of liquid helium on the order of 100 ml/day. Starting from bulk material devices with relatively high flux noise levels, at present the best high-T/sub c/ RF-SQUIDs offer a field sensitivity of less than 200 fT/ square root Hz (at 1Hz). This is already sufficient for a number of biomedical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vitro Characterization of MAT LyLu: A Dunning Rat Prostate Adenocarcinoma Tumor Subline (1984)

Prostate carcinoma has been a therapeutic challenge. The Dunning tumor, a rat prostate adenocarcinoma tumor model, has been used to evaluate prostate carcinoma treatment protocols. The Dunning tumor subline, MAT LyLu , as described in this report, has been established and characterized as an in vitro continuous cell culture. The cell culture has been stable for greater than 60 passages. The in vitro characteristics of the MAT LyLu cell culture, such as growth rate, loss of contact inhibition, clonogenicity, morphology and tumorigenicity, are consistent with the malignant characteristics of the Dunning tumor subline. The MAT LyLu cell culture has enzyme activities which can be used to characterize the cell line. The establishment of MAT LyLu as a continuous cell culture should provide a controlled approach to evaluate the etiology and treatment of prostate carcinoma.
Analysis of Skin Wound Images Using Digital Color Image Processing: A Preliminary Communication (2004)

This article presents the use of digital image processing using hue, saturation, and intensity measurements as a technique for the color analysis of chronic wounds on the skin. An adaptive spline technique was used to segment the wound boundary in the images of venous leg ulcers. This technique was further used to approximate the position of venous leg ulcers. The amount of slough within the wound site was quantified using the software developed and was compared with a grading system based on visual inspection by an experienced clinician, and the results were compared by deriving Kappa (K) statistic. There was moderate agreement over all grades between the computer and clinician. At lower grades 1 and 2, there was excellent agreement. The results from this preliminary study suggest that this analytical technique has the potential to image process chronic skin wounds.
BEM-Based Limited Feedback for Precoding and Scheduling over Doubly Selective Multiuser MISO Downlink Channels (2010)

This paper studies the problem of scheduling, preceding and limited feedback design for the emerging 3GPP-LTE systems over time-and frequency-selective (doubly selective) channels. In particular, greedy scheduling with zeroforcing (ZF) precoding is considered for the doubly selective multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink channels. In limited feedback design, the discrete prolate spheroidal basis expansion model (DPS-BEM) is used as a fitting parametric model for capturing the time-variation of the doubly selective channels and reducing the number of the channel parameters. The resulting dimension reduction in the channel representation, in turn, translates into a reduced feedback load of channel state information (CSI). To exploit the considerable reduction in CSI feedback load, vector quantization (VQ) of DPS-BEM parameters is performed at users' receivers under the assumption that perfect BEM parameter estimation has been established by existing algorithms. The output indices of the quantized BEM parameter vectors are, then, sent to the base station (BS) via error-free limited feedback links. With the channel state information (CSI) at transmitter (CSIT), greedy scheduling and ZF precoding are deployed for multiuser transmission in each subcarrier of OFDM symbols in a LTE frame. Numerical results show that the ZF-based multiuser transmission scheme with the suggested BEM quantization and limited feedback design offers significant sum-rate gains and stable performance with high robustness against time-varying channels.
Steroidogenesis in the Fetal Testis and Its Susceptibility to Disruption by Exogenous Compounds (2009)

Masculinization depends on adequate production of testosterone by the fetal testis within a specific "masculinization programming window." Disorders resulting from subtle deficiencies in this process are common in humans, and environmental exposures/lifestyle could contribute causally because common therapeutic and environmental compounds can affect steroidogenesis. This evidence derives mainly from rodent studies, but because there are major species differences in regulation of steroidogenesis in the fetal testis, this may not always be a guide to potential effects in the human. In addition to direct study of the effects of compounds on steroidogenesis, information also derives from study of masculinization disorders that result from mutations in genes in pathways regulating steroidogenesis. This review addresses this issue by critically reviewing the comparative timing of production and regulation of steroidogenesis in the fetal testis of humans and of rodents and its susceptibility to disruption; where there is limited information for the fetus, evidence from effects on steroidogenesis in the adult testis is considered. There are a number of fundamental regulatory differences between the human and rodent fetal testis, most notably in the importance of paracrine vs. endocrine drives during masculinization such that inactivating LH receptor mutations block masculinization in humans but not in rodents. Other large differences involve the steroidogenic response to estrogens and GnRH analogs and possibly phthalates, whereas for other compounds there may be differences in sensitivity to disruption (ketoconazole). This comparison identifies steroidogenic targets that are either vulnerable (mitochondrial cholesterol transport, CYP11A, CYP17) or not (cholesterol uptake) to chemical interference.
Stretch-activated ion channel Piezo1 directs lineage choice in human neural stem cells (2014)

Neural stem cells are multipotent cells with the ability to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Lineage specification is strongly sensitive to the mechanical properties of the cellular environment. However, molecular pathways transducing matrix mechanical cues to intracellular signaling pathways linked to lineage specification remain unclear. We found that the mechanically gated ion channel Piezo1 is expressed by brain-derived human neural stem/progenitor cells and is responsible for a mechanically induced ionic current. Piezo1 activity triggered by traction forces elicited influx of Ca(2+), a known modulator of differentiation, in a substrate-stiffness-dependent manner. Inhibition of channel activity by the pharmacological inhibitor GsMTx-4 or by siRNA-mediated Piezo1 knockdown suppressed neurogenesis and enhanced astrogenesis. Piezo1 knockdown also reduced the nuclear localization of the mechanoreactive transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein. We propose that the mechanically gated ion channel Piezo1 is an important determinant of mechanosensitive lineage choice in neural stem cells and may play similar roles in other multipotent stem cells.
An object oriented architecture (1985)

We propose a new machine architecture for high performance\nexecution of late binding object oriented languages. The two principal mechanisms for attaining this goal are a fast context allocation/access scheme and an instruction translation lookaside buffer. New ideas in this\npaper include the concept and implementation of abstract instructions, using floating point addresses to solve the small object problem, and a novel context allocation/access mechanism.
Edge Enhanced Error Diffusion based on Local Average of Original Image (2003)

The error diffusion method is good for reproducing continuous image to binary image. However the reproduction of edge characteristic is weak in power spectrum analysis of display error. In this paper. we present an edge-enhanced error-diffusion method which include pre-processing algorithm for edge characteristic enhancement. Pre-processing algorithm consists of the difference value between current pixel and local average of original image and weighting function of pre-filter. First. it is obtained the difference value between current pixel and the local average of peripheral pixels(5x5) in original image. Second, weighting function of pre-filter is composed by function including absolute value and sign of difference value. The improved Error diffusion algorithm using pre-processing algorithm, present a good result visually which edge characteristic is enhanced. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with that of the conventional edge-enhanced error diffusion by measuring the RAPSD of display error, the egde correlation and the local average accordance.
Elemental speciation via high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic detection: application of a direct injection nebulizer (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElemental speciation via high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic detection: application of a direct injection nebulizerKimberly E. LaFreniere, Velmer A. Fassel, and David E. EckelsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 6, 879–887Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00133a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00133a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Approaches to Provisioning Network Topology of Virtual Machines in Cloud Systems (2012)

The current infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud systems, allow users to load their own virtual machines. However, most of these systems do not provide users with an automatic mechanism to load a network topology of virtual machines. In order to specify and implement the network topology, we use software switches and routers as network elements. Before running a group of virtual machines, the user needs to set up the system once to specify a network topology of virtual machines. Then, given the user’s request for running a specific topology, our system loads the appropriate virtual machines (VMs) and also runs separated VMs as software switches and routers. Furthermore, we have developed a manager that handles physical hardware failure situations. This system has been designed in order to allow users to use the system without knowing all the internal technical details.
Efficient Instrumentation for Performance Profiling (2003)

Performance profiling consists of tracing a software system during execution and then analyzing the obtained traces. However, traces themselves affect the performance of the system distorting its execution. Therefore, there is a need to minimize the effect of the tracing on the underlying system's performance. To achieve this, the trace set needs to be optimized according to the performance profiling problem being solved. Our position is that such minimization can be achieved only by adding the software trace design and implementation to the overall software development process. In such a process, the performance analyst supplies the knowledge of performance measurement requirements, while the software developer supplies the knowledge of the software. Both of these are needed for an optimal trace placement.
Histological and biochemical studies of vascular autografts. (1980)

We have studied nine saphenous vein bypass grafts removed from patients at the time of a second operation. Two grafts had recanalized thrombus, four had severe intimal hyperplasia and three had atherosclerotic-like lesions. In cases of intimal hyperplasia biochemical analysis of graft wall lipid content revealed a pattern identical to normal saphenous vein. We have also compared the histology and lipid content of experimental vein and artery grafts in rhesus monkeys maintained on normal and atherogenic diets for fifteen months. Surgically unmanipulated arterial tissue in atherogenic diet animals developed uncomplicated lipid-containing intimal lesions. Grafts in these same animals developed more severe and more complicated lesions with an even higher lipid content. In this hyperlipidemic animal model the addition of hypertension produced no additional alterations in graft histology or lipid content.
Estimating and Time-Updating the 2-D Coherence Spectrum (2007)

In this correspondence, we extend the recently introduced one-dimensional Capon-based Magnitude Square Coherence (MSC) spectral estimator, to form two-dimensional Capon- and Amplitude and Phase EStimation (APES)-based MSC spectral estimators. The resulting estimators are found to yield significantly improved estimates as compared to the typical Welch-based estimator. Furthermore, we introduce a computationally efficient time-updating of the presented MSC estimators, exploiting their inherent time-varying displacement structure. The presented updating is found to dramatically lower the computational requirement of reevaluating the MSC spectral estimates
Graphene Oxide. Origin of Acidity, Its Instability in Water, and a New Dynamic Structural Model (2012)

The existing structural models of graphene oxide (GO) contradict each other and cannot adequately explain the acidity of its aqueous solutions. Inadequate understanding of chemical structure can lead to a misinterpretation of observed experimental phenomena. Understanding the chemistry and structure of GO should enable new functionalization protocols while explaining GO's limitations due to its water instability. Here we propose an unconventional view of GO chemistry and develop the corresponding "dynamic structural model" (DSM). In contrast to previously proposed models, the DSM considers GO as a system, constantly changing its chemical structure due to interaction with water. Using potentiometric titration, (13)C NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy we show that GO does not contain any significant quantity of preexisting acidic functional groups, but gradually generates them through interaction with water. The reaction with water results in C-C bond cleavage, formation of vinylogous carboxylic acids, and the generation of protons. An electrical double layer formed at the GO interface in aqueous solutions plays an important role in the observed GO chemistry. Prolonged exposure to water gradually degrades GO flakes converting them into humic acid-like structures. The proposed DSM provides an explanation for the acidity of GO aqueous solutions and accounts for most of the known spectroscopic and experimental data.