gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Severe hypercholesterolaemia: unusual inheritance in an Italian pedigree (1995)

A family presenting several cases of severe primary hypercholesterolaemia and/or premature sudden death was studied. This family is characterized by consanguinity, absence of vertical transmission, bimodal distribution of plasma cholesterol values, and reduction of reproductive fitness in affected individuals. The probands have clinical traits of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, including hypercholesterolaemia, xanthomas and early coronary atherosclerosis, while the parents and grandparents are clinically normal. Eight relatives on the mother's side experienced premature sudden death, and in four cases hypercholesterolaemia was diagnosed. Haplotype segregation analysis of the inheritance of the LDL receptor and apo B genes in the probands' family excluded the involvement of these two genes in the pathogenesis of the disease. LDL receptor activity, as well as the ability of LDL to bind to the LDL receptor, and plasma vegetal sterols were within normal limits both in probands and in their relatives. The study of this pedigree suggests that hypercholesterolaemia is not produced by defects in the LDL receptor or LDL particles, and disease inheritance is consistent with an autosomal recessive trait.
2‐Amino‐3‐(methylamino)‐propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycad flour (1990)

We conducted an investigation of the levels of the neurotoxin 2-amino-3-(methylamino)-propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycad flour. Analysis of 30 flour samples processed from the endosperm of Cycas circinalis seeds collected on Guam indicated that more than 87% of the total BMAA content was removed during processing. Furthermore, in 1/2 the samples almost all (greater than 99%) of the total BMAA was removed. We found no significant regional differences in the BMAA content of flour prepared from cycad seeds collected from several villages on Guam. Testing of different samples prepared by the same Chamorro woman over 2 years suggests that the washing procedure probably varies in thoroughness from preparation to preparation but is routinely efficient in removing at least 85% of the total BMAA from all batches. Analysis of a flour sample that had undergone only 24 hours of soaking indicated that this single wash removed 90% of the total BMAA. We conclude that processed cycad flour as prepared by the Chamorros of Guam and Rota contains extremely low levels of BMAA, which are in the order of only 0.005% by weight (mean values for all samples). Thus, even when cycad flour is a dietary staple and eaten regularly, it seems unlikely that these low levels could cause the delayed and widespread neurofibrillary degeneration of nerve cells observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam (ALS-PD).
Personal Touch-Identification Tokens (2013)

Touch-based personal tokens would let devices unobtrusively identify who is interacting with the device at any given time. Devices could then tailor services to users and control access to sensitive information and online services. The authors present an approach for using a wearable personal token, in the form of a ring, to send an identification code to devices through touch.
Towards sharing life-log information with society (2010)

We are living in an era of social media such as online communities and social networking sites. Exposing or sharing personal information with these communities has risks as well as benefits and there is always a trade off between the risks versus the benefits of using these technologies. Life-logs are pervasive tools or systems which sense and capture contextual information from the user's environment in a continuous manner. A life-log produces a dataset, which consists of continuous streams of sensor data. Sharing this information has a wide range of advantages for both user and society. On the other hand, in terms of individual privacy, life-log information is very sensitive. Although social media enable users to share their information, due to life-log data structure, current sharing models are not capable of handling life-log information while maintaining user privacy. Our approach here is to describe the sharing of life-log information with society based on the identification of associated risks and benefits. Subsequently, based on the identified risks, we propose a data model for sharing life-log information. This data model has been designed to reduce the potential risks of life-logs. Furthermore, ethics for providing and using life-logs will be discussed. These ethics focus on reducing risks as much as possible while sharing life-log information.
Probabilistic drug connectivity mapping (2014)

The probabilistic modeling-based connectivity mapping method provides a promising alternative to earlier methods. Principled integration of data from different cell lines helps to identify relevant responses for specific drug repositioning applications.
HANABA TARANU Is a GATA Transcription Factor That Regulates Shoot Apical Meristem and Flower Development in Arabidopsis[W] (2004)

We have isolated a new mutant, hanaba taranu (han), which affects both flower and shoot apical meristem (SAM) development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutants have fused sepals and reduced organ numbers in all four whorls, especially in the 2nd (petal) and 3rd (stamen) whorls. han meristems can become flatter or smaller than in the wild type. HAN encodes a GATA-3-like transcription factor with a single zinc finger domain. HAN is transcribed at the boundaries between the meristem and its newly initiated organ primordia and at the boundaries between different floral whorls. It is also expressed in vascular tissues, developing ovules and stamens, and in the embryo. han interacts strongly with clavata (clv) mutations (clv1, clv2, and clv3), resulting in highly fasciated SAMs, and we find that WUS expression is altered in han mutants from early embryogenesis. In addition, HAN is ectopically expressed both in clv1 and clv3 mutants. We propose that HAN is normally required for establishing organ boundaries in shoots and flowers and for controlling the number and position of WUS-expressing cells. Ectopic HAN expression causes growth retardation, aberrant cell division patterns, and loss of meristem activity, suggesting that HAN is involved in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation.
Study design and participation rates of the New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2004. (2006)

NYC HANES is the first successful local-level examination survey modeled on NHANES. With periodic repetition, NYC HANES will provide surveillance information on leading causes of morbidity and mortality.
Role of superoxide in apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal (1998)

We have examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation in primary cultures of mouse proximal tubular (MPT) cells. When confluent monolayers of MPT cells are deprived of all growth factors, the cells die by apoptosis over a 10- and 14-day period. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and high-dose insulin directly inhibit apoptosis of MPT cells deprived of growth factors. Growth factor deprivation results in an increase in the cellular levels of superoxide anion while apoptosis of MPT cells induced by growth factor withdrawal is inhibited by a number of antioxidants and scavengers of ROS. Growth factor deprivation also results in activation of caspase activity, which is inhibited by EGF and high-dose insulin as well as by the ROS scavengers and antioxidants that inhibit apoptosis. The cell-permeant caspase inhibitor, z-Val-Ala-Asp-CH2F (zVAD-fmk), prevents the increase in caspase activity and markedly inhibits apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation. However, zVAD-fmk had no effect on the increased levels of superoxide associated with growth factor deprivation. Thus we provide novel evidence that ROS play an important role in mediating apoptosis associated with growth factor deprivation. ROS appear to act upstream of caspases in the apoptotic pathway. We hypothesize that oxidant stress, induced by growth factor withdrawal, represents a signaling mechanism for the default pathway of apoptosis.
Role of CD83 in the Immunomodulation of Dendritic Cells (2002)

Glycoprotein CD83 is one of the best-known maturation markers for human dendritic cells (DCs). The fact that CD83 is strongly upregulated together with co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 during DC maturation suggests it plays an important role in the induction of immune responses. Infection studies with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and the inhibition of the CD83 mRNA specific transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm suggested a possible functional role for CD83. The first clear proof that CD83 is indeed important for DC biology came from recently performed studies using a soluble form of the extracellular CD83 domain. DC-mediated T cell proliferation could be completely inhibited using this recombinant molecule. Additional studies elucidated immunostimulatory as well as regulatory effects of the CD83 molecule. Furthermore, CD83-/- knockout mice revealed a block in CD4+ T cell generation, a new possible immunomodulatory function of CD83.
Low-Power 4-b 2.5-GSPS Pipelined Flash Analog-to-Digital Converter in 130-nm CMOS (2007)

This paper presents a 4-b low-power, low-voltage flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed ADC is pipelined and mainly consists of three stages: 1) track-and-hold (T/H); 2)differential comparator; and 3) differential cascode voltage switch with pass gates (DCVSPG) encoder. The T/H uses a current-mode dual-array structure to reduce the aperture jitter for high-input signal frequency. The differential comparator eliminates the use of the resistor ladder circuit by generating the reference voltages internally. The DCVSPG encoder has a full output signal swing and compact logic design style of pass gate circuits, which makes it suitable for high sampling frequency. The DCVSPG encoder reduces the power consumption by a factor of 88% as compared with the conventional ROM encoder. The ADC is designed in 130-nm CMOS technology. Fast Fourier transform tests prove proper operation of the ADC sampled at 2.5 GHz for the input signal frequency up to 1 GHz
Canine essential hypertension: probable mode of inheritance. (1986)

Essential hypertension (EH) in dogs is a relatively recently reported phenomenon. In this colony the canine disorder follows family lines and has a probable polygenic mode of inheritance, although the specific mode of inheritance has not been defined since an autosomal dominant trait has not clearly been ruled out. Direct intra-arterial femoral punctures are used to monitor blood pressure elevations, which tend to increase with advancing age. As in man, there are dogs with blood pressures intermediate between affected and normal dogs.
Extraction of Squalene from Shark Liver Oil in a Packed Column Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1997)

Continuous extraction of squalene from shark liver oil using supercritical carbon dioxide was carried out in both laboratory and pilot scale plant. The shark liver oil contained around 50% by weight squalene, which was recovered as the main extract stream. The other major components in the oil were triglycerides, which were recovered as raffinate, and pristane, which was recovered as a second extract stream. Separation performance was determined as a function of temperature; pressure; oil to carbon dioxide flow rate ratio, packed height and type of packing; and reflux ratio. The pressure, temperature, and feed oil concentration of squalene determined the maximum loading of oil in carbon dioxide. The oil to carbon dioxide ratio determined the squalene concentration in both the product stream and raffinate stream. The ratio of oil flow rate to the flow rate of squalene required to just saturate carbon dioxide was found to be a useful correlating parameter for the oil loadings and product compositions. Of the three packings investigated, wire wool gave the best separation efficiency and Raschig rings the worst efficiency. Mass transfer correlations from the literature were used to estimate the number of transfer units NTU from experimental data and literature correlations. NTU's from the experimental data were comparable to predictions at a pilot scale but were underpredicted at the laboratory scale. The use of reflux at the pilot scale enabled the concentration of squalene in the product stream to be increased from 92% by mass to a maximum of 99% by mass at fractionation conditions of 250 bar and 333 K.
FALSE CLEAVERS (<i>Galium spurium</i> L.) COMPETITION AND CONTROL IN RAPESEED (1987)

False cleavers (Galium spurium L.) sown within a week of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) competed with the crop and contaminated the crop seed even when infestation was light. Competition by an infestation of 100 false cleavers m −2 throughout the growing season reduced rapeseed yield by 18%. Trifluralin and ethalfluralin controlled 80–90% of false cleavers, but survivors produced sufficient seeds to contaminate the crop. Selectivity and 85% control were achieved with benazolin amine at 0.5 kg ha −1 , but the EC formulation injured the crop.Key words: Galium spurium L., rapeseed, competition, control
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid (1985)

Neutrophil-derived oxygen-free radicals may play a role in organ dysfunction associated with generalized sepsis. A rat model was used to test the effects of two free radical scavengers, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB), on mortality from intra-abdominal sepsis produced by cecal ligation and perforation. Being an iron-chelating agent, 2,3-DHB may have an additional bacteriostatic effect. Therapeutic regimens included no treatment; gentamicin sulfate (2 mg given intraperitoneally [IP] every eight hours); DMSO (2 g/24 hr given IP every eight hours in divided doses); 2,3-DHB (35 mg/kg given IP every eight hours); and combinations of gentamicin with each free radical scavenger. No statistically significant improvement in survival was obtained by therapeutic intervention with gentamicin alone, DMSO alone, 2,3-DHB alone, or gentamicin in combination with DMSO. When used in combination with gentamicin, 2,3-DHB yielded a statistically significant improvement in survival when compared with gentamicin alone or with no treatment. These results show that 2,3-DHB when used in combination with gentamicin has a beneficial effect on mortality following intra-abdominal sepsis in this model.
Unwiring the transcriptional heat circuit (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Initialization for NORTA: Generation of Random Vectors with Specified Marginals and Correlations (2001)

We propose a specific method for generating n-dimensional random vectors with given marginal distributions and correlation matrix. The method uses the NORTA (NORmal To Anything) approach, which generates a standard normal random vector and then transforms it into a random vector with specified marginal distributions. During initialization, n(n-1)/2 nonlinear equations need to be solved to ensure that the generated random vector has the specified correlation structure. To solve these equations, we apply retrospective approximation, a generic stochastic root-finding algorithm, with slight changes. Internal control variates are used to estimate function values. Empirical comparisons show that the control-variate variance-reduction technique improves the algorithm's convergence speed as well as its robustness. Simulation results for a variety of marginal distributions and correlation matrices are also presented.
The deficiency of <i>Akt1</i> is sufficient to suppress tumor development in <i>Pten</i> <sup>+/−</sup> mice (2006)

The tumor suppressor PTEN is frequently inactivated in human cancers. A major downstream effector of PTEN is Akt, which is hyperactivated via PTEN inactivation. It is not known, however, whether diminished Akt activity is sufficient to inhibit tumorigenesis initiated by Pten deficiency. Here we showed that the deficiency of Akt1 is sufficient to dramatically inhibit tumor development in Pten+/- mice. Akt1 deficiency had a profound effect on endometrium and prostate neoplasia, two types of human cancer, in which PTEN is frequently mutated, and also affected thyroid and adrenal medulla tumors and intestinal polyps. Even haplodeficiency of Akt1 was sufficient to markedly attenuate the development of high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and endometrial carcinoma. These results have significant implications for cancer therapy.
HYDRATE INHIBITION VIA COLD FLOW - NO CHEMICALS OR INSULATION (2008)

Nonadhesive hydrate slurries have been shown to exhibit low viscosities in a field-scale flow loop when formed under appropriate conditions. The factors that favor formation of low-viscosity hydrate slurries include high Reynolds Number and Capillary Number, and high mass transfer and heat transfer rates. High liquid loading and high superficial fluid velocities are found to be conducive to the formation of low viscosity hydrate slurries. Dispersed bubble flow has been observed to facilitate flowable hydrate slurry production. Alternatively, the formation of nonadhesive hydrates at moderate superficial velocity is possible when a static mixer is used upstream of the hydrate formation location. For certain fields, low-viscosity hydrate slurry technology could eliminate the need for insulation and hydrate inhibitor chemicals (revised version of ICGH 2008 paper 5818) .
Refactoring for Parameterizing Java Classes (2007)

Type safety and expressiveness of many existing Java libraries and their client applications would improve, if the libraries were upgraded to define generic classes. Efficient and accurate tools exist to assist client applications to use generic libraries, but so far the libraries themselves must be parameterized manually, which is a tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone task. We present a type- constraint-based algorithm for converting non-generic libraries to add type parameters. The algorithm handles the full Java language and preserves backward compatibility, thus making it safe for existing clients. Among other features, it is capable of inferring wildcard types and introducing type parameters for mutually-dependent classes. We have implemented the algorithm as a fully automatic refactoring in Eclipse. We evaluated our work in two ways. First, our tool parameterized code that was lacking type parameters. We contacted the developers of several of these applications, and in all cases they confirmed that the resulting parameterizations were correct and useful. Second, to better quantify its effectiveness, our tool parameterized classes from already-generic libraries, and we compared the results to those that were created by the libraries' authors. Our tool performed the refactoring accurately-in 87% of cases the results were as good as those created manually by a human expert, in 9% of cases the tool results were better, and in 4% of cases the tool results were worse.
Induction of Apoptosis in Activated T Cell Blasts by Suppressive Macrophages: A Possible Immunotherapeutic Approach for Treatment of Autoimmune Disease (1999)

Large suppressive macrophages (LSM) were induced by restimulating spleen cells from rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG)in vitro,with the autoantigen acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in the presence of cyclosporine A. LSM, purified from these cultures, are extremely potent suppressors of AChR-stimulated lymphoproliferative responses and antibody responsesin vitro.In the present study, we have analyzed the factors that determine susceptibility of primed lymph node cells (pLNC) to suppression by LSM and examined the fate of these cells. We found three characteristics of pLNC that influenced their susceptibility to suppression. First, pLNC were required to be activated (by antigen in these experiments) in order for suppression to occur. Resting lymphocytes were not affected, even when they were present in cultures where antigen-activated lymphoblasts were being actively suppressed. Second, antigen specificity of the responder cells influenced their susceptibility to suppression by LSM. AChR-specific cells were relatively more susceptible to suppression by AChR-induced LSM than pLNC primed to an unrelated antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Third, T cell proliferation was suppressed by LSM to a far greater extent than antibody production by B cells. Using enriched T cell blasts generated from AChR-stimulated T cell lines, we found that LSM rapidly suppressed [3H]TdR uptake and induced DNA fragmentation assessed by the TUNEL assay (within 8 h of coculture) and induced morphological signs of apoptosis of T cells (within 24 h). Few, if any, blasts remained by 48 h of coculture. The ability to suppress an activated immune response permanently, without affecting nonactivated, bystander lymphocytes, holds promise that LSM, or their cellular products, could be used for immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis.
Prototyping retractable string-based interaction techniques for dual-display mobile devices (2006)

Accessing information on mobile and wearable devices often requires the user's visual attention, and the precise operation of virtual or physical widgets. However, these interactions may sometimes be too time-consuming and socially inappropriate. To address this, we introduce a novel input/output device that is based on the manipulation of a retractable string in a polar coordinate frame. Depending on how the user pulls the string from its enclosure--to a particular length, at a particular angle--various system features may be directly accessed. Furthermore, we present our concept for a 1D pixel array, embedded in the string that may be used as a secondary 1D display. Since it is possible to unwind the display itself and trigger functionality with a single pull, information may be accessed and presented quickly, and perceived at a glance. We present scenarios for how the string input/output device may be used in conjunc-tion with the mobile device's primary 2D display and describe our augmented reality proof-of-concept prototype.
General Features of Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors with Improved Fuel Utilization (1982)

The main feature of an advanced pressurized water reactor (APWR) with improved fuel utilization is a plutonium-enriched tight lattice core integrated in an unchanged primary system of a common pressurized water reactor (PWR) power station. Neutron physical investigations demonstrate that conversion ratios in excess of 0.9 and final burnups of ∼45 000 MWd/tHM are obtained with a reload enrichment of 7.5% fissile plutonium. The moderator-void coefficient is calculated to be negative. The high-pressure drop of an APWR core is compensated for by a slightly reduced coolant flow rate. Despite the fact that calculated safety parameters such as void coefficient, critical heat flux margin, and emergency core cooling behavior have to be proven by experiments, the homogeneous concept of a high-converting PWR appears to be feasible.