gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Distinct Chemical Structures for the Development of a Methamphetamine Vaccine (2011)

(+)-Methamphetamine (METH) use and addiction has grown at alarming rates over the past two decades, while no approved pharmacotherapy exists for its treatment. Immunopharmacotherapy has the potential to offer relief through producing highly specific antibodies that prevent drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier thus decreasing reinforcement of the behavior. Current immunotherapy efforts against methamphetamine have focused on a single hapten structure, namely linker attachment at the aromatic ring of the METH molecule. Hapten design is largely responsible for immune recognition, as it affects presentation of the target antigen and thus the quality of the response. In the current paper we report the systematic generation of a series of haptens designed to target the most stable conformations of methamphetamine as determined by molecular modeling. On the basis of our previous studies with nicotine, we show that introduction of strategic molecular constraint is able to maximize immune recognition of the target structure as evidenced by higher antibody affinity. Vaccination of GIX(+) mice with six unique METH immunoconjugates resulted in high antibody titers for three particularly promising formulations (45-108 μg/mL, after the second immunization) and high affinity (82, 130, and 169 nM for MH2, MH6, and MH7 hapten-based vaccines, respectively). These findings represent a unique approach to the design of new vaccines against methamphetamine abuse.
Unmasking different mechanical and energetic roles for the small heat shock proteins CryAB and HSPB2 using genetically modified mouse hearts (2007)

CryAB and HSPB2 are small heat shock proteins constitutively expressed in the heart. CryAB protects cytoskeletal organization and intermediate filament assembly; the functions of HSPB2 are unknown. The promoters of CryAB and HSPB2 share regulatory elements, making identifying their separate functions difficult. Here, using a genetic approach, we report distinct roles for these sHSPs, with CryAB protecting mechanical properties and HSPB2 protecting energy reserve. Isolated hearts of wild type mice (WT), mice lacking both sHSPs (DKO), WT mice overexpressing mouse CryAB protein (mCryAB(Tg)), and mice with no HSPB2 made by crossing DKO with mCryAB(Tg) (DKO/mCryAB(Tg)) were stressed with either ischemia/reperfusion or inotropic stimulation. Contractile performance and energetics were measured using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Ischemia/reperfusion caused severe diastolic dysfunction in DKO hearts. Recovery of [ATP] and [PCr] during reperfusion was impaired only in DKO/mCryAB(Tg). During inotropic stimulation, DKO/mCryAB(Tg) showed blunted systolic and diastolic function and revealed massive energy wasting on acute stress: |deltaG(-ATP)| decreased in DKO by 6.4 +/- 0.7 and in DKO/mCryAB(Tg) by 5.5 +/- 0.8 kJ/mol compared with only approximately 3.3 kJ/mol in WT and mCryAB(Tg). Thus, CryAB and HSPB2 proteins play nonredundant roles in the heart, CryAB in structural remodeling and HSPB2 in maintaining energetic balance.
Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of New 1,2,4-Triazol-2-yl- and 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl-2-pyridinone Derivatives (2008)

A number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 3-9, and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 13-15, were synthesized starting form the acid hydrazide 1. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 12 was prepared from the substituted phenylthiosemicarbazide derivative 11 by treatment with sulfuric acid. The aryl hydrazone derivatives 10a-c were synthesized by reaction of the hydrazide 1 with the corresponding ketones. The thioalkyl derivatives 16a-e were prepared by akylation of the thiol derivatives 3 and 13 with different alkylating agents. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-HBV activity and some of these compounds showed high antiviral activity.
Metallorganische Verbindungen, XLI Reaktionen der Aluminiumtrialkyle mit Kohlendioxyd und Schwefeldioxyd (1960)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung von Kohlendioxyd auf Aluminiumtrialkyle können je nach den Bedingungen 1) Trialkylcarbinole, 2) 1 Mol und 3) 2 Mol Carbonsäure erhalten werden. Auch bei der ersten Reaktion wird ähnlich wie bei der zweiten nur eine Al—C‐Valenz ausgenutzt. Durch Nachoxydation im Falle 2) sind zusätzlich 2 Mol Alkohol zu gewinnen. SO 2 liefert mit allen drei Al—C‐Bindungen Sulfinsäuren, insbesondere wenn man nach dem Prinzip der „umgekehrten Reaktionsführung”︁ arbeitet.
Detection of human probombesin mrna in neuroendocrine (small cell) carcinoma of the lung. In situ hybridization with crna probe (1989)

The production of human bombesin (gastrin-releasing peptide), a peptide with mitogenic action, is a recognized feature of neuroendocrine (small cell) carcinoma of the lung. However, immunostaining of bombesin is not always possible in these tumors, probably because of poor storage mechanisms or rapid release of hormone. Molecular biological analysis of the gene encoding human bombesin has revealed the DNA sequence of human pro-bombesin. We have used in situ hybridization to study the expression of the human bombesin gene at the cellular level in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Probombesin cDNA was subcloned in pSP64 vector, linearized with Bam HI and transcribed in the presence of phosphorus 32(32P)-cytosine triphosphate (CTP) and SP6 polymerase. The cRNA probe was applied to tissue sections (from six cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung, freshly fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde), cell culture preparations (two different cell lines of small cell carcinoma), and cytologic specimens (smears of cells from three different cases of small cell carcinoma). Hybridization of probombesin mRNA was detected in tumor cells in all samples. Specificity of the signal was determined by control experiments, including the use of a probe which has a sequence identical to probombesin mRNA. Our results provide evidence for the expression of the bombesin gene in small cell carcinoma of the lung at a cellular level and show that probombesin mRNA is highly expressed in these tumors.
Evidence for genetic heterogeneity in tuberous sclerosis. (1989)

The question of genetic heterogeneity in tuberous sclerosis (TSC) was addressed by genetic linkage studies in eight affected families using nine polymorphic markers (EFD126.3, MCT136, ABO, ABL, AK1, and MCOA12 from distal 9q, and PBGD, MCT128.1, and 1CJ52.208M from distal 11q). The data as a whole supported a TSC locus on distal 9q, the peak lod score on multipoint analysis being 3.77 at 6 cM proximal to the Abelson oncogene locus (ABL). However, analysis of two point lod scores using the HOMOG programs showed significant evidence for genetic heterogeneity (p = 0.01), linkage to ABL being unlikely in one family. After exclusion of the unlinked family, multipoint analysis gave a peak lod score of 6.1 in the vicinity of ABL. The family unlinked to ABL showed no recombinants with two chromosome 11 probes, but was too small to provide significant evidence for linkage. Genetic heterogeneity in TSC will complicate efforts to clone the causative genes and severely limit the use of linked probes for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.
Determination of orientational isomerism in rhodium(ii) metallopeptides by pyrene fluorescence (2012)

Rhodium(II) metallopeptides display useful secondary structure, self-assembly, and catalytic activity. The bis-peptide complexes exhibit subtle orientational isomerism that affects function, but is challenging to characterize. We report that pyrene excimer fluorescence measurements provide a conclusive proof of isomeric structure.
LIST OF MOLLUSCA COLLECTED DURING THE COMMISSION OF H.M.S. “WATERWITCH” IN THE CHINA SEAS, 1900–1903, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (1904)

Journal Article LIST OF MOLLUSCA COLLECTED DURING THE COMMISSION OF H.M.S. "WATERWITCH" IN THE CHINA SEAS, 1900–1903, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Get access K. HURLSTONE JONES, K. HURLSTONE JONES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. B. PRESTON H. B. PRESTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Molluscan Studies, Volume 6, Issue 3, September 1904, Pages 138–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a066053 Published: 01 September 1904 Article history Received: 13 May 1904 Published: 01 September 1904
Combining Axial and Radial Nanowire Heterostructures: Radial Esaki Diodes and Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

The ever-growing demand on high-performance electronics has generated transistors with very impressive figures of merit (Radosavljevic et al., IEEE Int. Devices Meeting 2009, 1-4 and Cho et al., IEEE Int. Devices Meeting 2011, 15.1.1-15.1.4). The continued scaling of the supply voltage of field-effect transistors, such as tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs), requires the implementation of advanced transistor architectures including FinFETs and nanowire devices. Moreover, integration of novel materials with high electron mobilities, such as III-V semiconductors and graphene, are also being considered to further enhance the device properties (del Alamo, Nature 2011, 479, 317-323, and Liao et al., Nature 2010, 467, 305-308). In nanowire devices, boosting the drive current at a fixed supply voltage or maintaining a constant drive current at a reduced supply voltage may be achieved by increasing the cross-sectional area of a device, however at the cost of deteriorated electrostatics. A gate-all-around nanowire device architecture is the most favorable electrostatic configuration to suppress short channel effects; however, the arrangement of arrays of parallel vertical nanowires to address the drive current predicament will require additional chip area. The use of a core-shell nanowire with a radial heterojunction in a transistor architecture provides an attractive means to address the drive current issue without compromising neither chip area nor device electrostatics. In addition to design advantages of a radial transistor architecture, we in this work illustrate the benefit in terms of drive current per unit chip area and compare the experimental data for axial GaSb/InAs Esaki diodes and TFETs to their radial counterparts and normalize the electrical data to the largest cross-sectional area of the nanowire, i.e. the occupied chip area, assuming a vertical device geometry. Our data on lateral devices show that radial Esaki diodes deliver almost 7 times higher peak current, Jpeak = 2310 kA/cm(2), than the maximum peak current of axial GaSb/InAs(Sb) Esaki diodes per unit chip area. The radial TFETs also deliver high peak current densities Jpeak = 1210 kA/cm(2), while their axial counterparts at most carry Jpeak = 77 kA/cm(2), normalized to the largest cross-sectional area of the nanowire.
Effect of formoterol with or without budesonide in repeated low-dose allergen challenge (2009)

The use of combination therapy in mild asthma is debated. The current authors evaluated the effects of formoterol alone and a formoterol/budesonide combination inhaler on asthma deterioration induced by repeated low-dose allergen exposure. In total, 15 subjects with intermittent allergic asthma inhaled low doses of allergen on seven consecutive weekdays in a three-period, crossover, double-blind, double-dummy comparison between formoterol 4.5 microg Turbuhaler, budesonide 160 microg/formoterol 4.5 microg Turbuhaler and placebo, each taken as two puffs 30 min after allergen dosing. The outcome variables were: provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD(20)), exhaled nitric oxide fraction (F(eNO)), sputum eosinophils and prostaglandin D(2), and diary card recordings of symptoms (on a scale of 0-10), short-acting beta(2)-agonist use and evening forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)). With placebo treatment, allergen exposure caused significant increases in airway hyperresponsiveness (geometric mean (coefficient of variation) PD(20): 397 (98) microg before versus 168 (82) microg after), F(eNO) (mean+/-sd 46+/-31 ppb before versus 73+/-46 ppb after) and asthma symptom score (mean+/-sd 0.39+/-0.55 before versus 0.68+/-0.67 after). Budesonide/formoterol abolished these changes and significantly improved baseline FEV(1). Formoterol alone, while providing symptom relief, was no better than placebo in protecting against the allergen-induced increase in airway inflammation. Signs of deteriorating asthma, provoked by low-dose allergen, are prevented by short-term use of budesonide/formoterol but not by temporary use of formoterol alone.
In Vitro Pulsatile Flow Evaluation of a Stentless Porcine Aortic Bioprosthesis (1995)

Suboptimal hemodynamic performance, tissue calcification, and limitation in long-term durability have been encountered clinically after aortic valve replacement with currently available bioprostheses. It is believed that some of these problems may be caused, directly or indirectly, by the stents of the bioprostheses. To address these deficiencies, the authors undertook the development of the Edwards Prima Stentless Bioprosthesis. This study was designed to evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the Edwards Prima Stentless Bioprosthesis in a pulse duplicator system. The stented Carpentier-Edwards Porcine Bioprosthesis (Baxter Healthcare Corp., Irvine, CA), which has been used in United States clinics for more than 10 years, was used as a control device. The flow fields in the vicinity of the test bioprostheses were inspected with color Doppler flow mapping. The transvalvular pressure gradients were measured invasively with a catheter and calculated with the Doppler determined velocity using a simplified Bernoulli equation. Additionally, the leakage volumes were determined with an electromagnetic flowmeter. In the Doppler flow mapping study, during systole, a central flow was observed distal to the stentless and stented bioprostheses. The central flow distal to the stentless bioprosthesis was broader than that observed distal to its stented counterpart. During diastole, no regurgitation was detected by color Doppler flow mapping in either the stentless or stented groups. The Doppler determined transvalvular pressure gradients correlated well with those measured by catheter (r = 0.990). Moreover, it was learned that the transvalvular pressure gradients of the stentless bioprosthesis were less than those of its stented counterpart, especially for the smaller sizes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Retrovirus-mediated gene transduction into long-term repopulating marrow cells of dogs (1991)

Amphotropic helper-free retrovirus vectors containing the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) and the human adenosine deaminase gene (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4; ADA) were used to transduce canine marrow cells. In one approach, dogs were treated for 7 days with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to stimulate hematopoietic cell division. Bone marrow cells were collected and transduced by 24 hours of cocultivation on vector-producing cells followed by incubation in a vector-containing long-term marrow culture system for 4 days. Transduced autologous marrow (0.4 to 1.0 x 10(8) cells/kg) was infused into dogs administered otherwise lethal total body irradiation (TBI) of 920 cGy. Two of four dogs engrafted, and their marrows showed intermittently between 1% and 11% G418-resistant colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies for up to 2 years after transplantation. In a different experimental approach, autologous marrow, obtained at the time of the PB neutrophil nadir 7 days after a single cyclophosphamide injection (40 mg/kg intravenously), was cocultivated for 24 hours on vector-producing cells and infused at doses of 0.06 to 0.18 x 10(8) cells/kg into dogs administered 920 cGy TBI. One of three dogs engrafted, and the marrow showed intermittently 1% to 10% G418-resistant CFU-GM colonies for at least 2 years. Culture results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showing the presence of the neo gene in marrow cells, peripheral blood (PB) granulocytes, and PB and lymph node lymphocytes. Dilution experiments indicated that up to 10% of marrow, lymph node, and PB cells contained the neo gene, consistent with the culture results. Samples harboring the neo gene also contained the gene for human ADA. However, repeated analyses of PB and marrow cells for human ADA gene expression by starch gel electrophoresis were negative. PB samples of all dogs were free of helper virus, and no long-term side effects from the transduction were observed.
Stereochemical control in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. 2. Structural and electronic effects on reactivity and selectivity (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical control in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. 2. Structural and electronic effects on reactivity and selectivityRobert K. Boeckman Jr. and Soo Sung KoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4, 1033–1041Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00368a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00368a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views964Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Continuous Sintering of Si3N4 in a Controlled Atmosphere Belt Furnace' (2008)

A commercially available belt furnace was used to continuously sinter Si3N4, containing 4 wt.% Al2O3 and 13 wt.% Y2O3. Optimum sintered density (99 % of theoretical) was achieved at 1667°C for 90 min. in flowing N2. For these conditions a microstructure with uniform, fine porosity and well developed, elongated β-Si3N4 grains was obtained. For these conditions a microstructure with uniform, fine porosity and well developed, elongated β-Si3N4 grains was obtained. The average four-point flexural strength was found to be 969 ± 45 MPa (140 ± 7 ksi) with a Weibull modulus of 21, and the fracture toughness by modified indentation was 7.2 ± 0.5 MPa-m1/2. These properties were significantly improved over those determined for the same Si3N4 composition sintered in a batch furnace and results reported for a similar conventionally sintered commercial Si3N4.
Polymer-Coated Ferromagnetic Colloids from Well-Defined Macromolecular Surfactants and Assembly into Nanoparticle Chains (2006)

A novel synthetic route to polymer-coated ferromagnetic colloids of metallic cobalt has been developed. Well-defined end-functional polystyrenes were synthesized using controlled radical polymerization and used as surfactants in the thermolysis of dicobaltoctacarbonyl to afford uniform ferromagnetic nanoparticles. The presence of the polymer shell enabled prolonged colloidal stability of dispersions in a wide range of organic solvents and formed glassy encapsulating coatings around ferromagnetic cores in the solid state. These polymer-coated colloids assembled into robust, micron-sized nanoparticle chains when cast onto supporting surfaces due to dipolar associations of magnetic cores. Hierarchical assemblies were also prepared by blending polystyrene-coated cobalt colloids with larger silica beads.
Matrix factorizations for reversible integer mapping (2001)

Reversible integer mapping is essential for lossless source coding by transformation. A general matrix factorization theory for reversible integer mapping of invertible linear transforms is developed. Concepts of the integer factor and the elementary reversible matrix (ERM) for integer mapping are introduced, and two forms of ERM-triangular ERM (TERM) and single-row ERM (SERM)-are studied. We prove that there exist some approaches to factorize a matrix into TERMs or SERMs if the transform is invertible and in a finite-dimensional space. The advantages of the integer implementations of an invertible linear transform are (i) mapping integers to integers, (ii) perfect reconstruction, and (iii) in-place calculation. We find that besides a possible permutation matrix, the TERM factorization of an N-by-N nonsingular matrix has at most three TERMs, and its SERM factorization has at most N+1 SERMs. The elementary structure of ERM transforms is the ladder structure. An executable factorization algorithm is also presented. Then, the computational complexity is compared, and some optimization approaches are proposed. The error bounds of the integer implementations are estimated as well. Finally, three ERM factorization examples of DFT, DCT, and DWT are given.
Root colonization of a rice growth promoting strain of <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (2011)

Enterobacter cloacae GS1 was isolated by in-planta enrichment of a rice rhizoplane bacterial community. It displayed strong seed adherence ability (2.5 × 10(5) cfu/seed) and colonized rice roots reaching up to 1.65 × 10(9) cfu/g of fresh root weight in a gnotobiotic root colonization system. E. cloacae GS1 was motile, able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate, and produced indole acetic acid like substances (15 μg/ml). As an introduced bioinoculant in non-sterile soil, E. cloacae GS1 colonized rice roots and significantly improved the fresh weight, root length, shoot length, and nitrogen content in inoculated rice seedlings as compared to uninoculated controls. This isolate was tagged with green fluorescent protein and various stages of root colonization in gnotobiotic hydroponic environment and non-sterile soil environment were followed by fluorescence microscopy. Owing to its effective root colonizing ability and growth promoting potential, Enterobacter cloacae GS1 is a promising symbiotic bioinoculant for rice.
Correlation between Barrier Width, Barrier Height, and DC Bias Voltage Dependences on the Magnetoresistance Ratio in Ir–Mn Exchange Biased Single and Double Tunnel Junctions (2000)

Dual spin-valve-type double tunnel junctions (DTJs) of Ir–Mn/CoFe/AlO x /Co 90 Fe 10 /AlO x /CoFe/Ir–Mn and spin-valve-type single tunnel junctions (STJs) of Ir–Mn/CoFe/AlO x /CoFe/Ni–Fe were fabricated using an ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system, conventional photolithography and ion-beam milling. The STJs could be fabricated with various barrier heights by changing the oxidization conditions during deposition and changing the annealing temperature after deposition, while the AlO x layer thickness remained unchanged. There was a correlation between barrier width, height estimated using Simmons' expressions, and dc bias voltage dependence on the MR ratio. The V B dependence on the tunneling magnetoresistance ( TMR ) ratio was mainly related to the barrier width, and the decrease in the TMR ratio with increasing bias voltage is well explained, taking into account the spin-independent two-step tunneling via defect states in the barrier, as a main mechanism, at room temperature. Under optimized oxidization and annealing conditions, the maximum TMR ratio at a low bias voltage, and the dc bias voltage value at which the TMR ratio decreases in value by half ( V 1/2 ) were 42.4% and 952 mV in DTJs, and 49.0% and 425 mV in STJs, respectively.