gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds to Microorganisms (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToxicity of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds to MicroorganismsVernon T. StackCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 5, 913–917Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50569a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (547 KB) Get e-Alerts
A singularities avoidance approach for the optimal local path generation of redundant manipulators (2003)

A singularities-avoidance approach suitable for the optimal local path generation of redundant robot manipulators is presented. It is based on establishing proper bounds for the rate of change of the Jacobian matrix representing the transformation between the joints speeds and the end-effector Cartesian speed. These bounds become an additional constraint for an optimization problem which is formulated locally to obtain the optimal path of the considered robot manipulator. The problem is considered as a minimization of energy with given robot kinematics (and dynamics) and subject to the robot requirements and singularities-avoidance constraint. From this formulation, a closed-form solution is derived which allows online interaction with sensors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Apparatus for Countercurrent Distribution (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApparatus for Countercurrent DistributionL. C. Craig and Otto PostCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 4, 500–504Publication Date (Print):April 18, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 April 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60028a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60028a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative study of energy transfers from Er3+ to Ce3+ in tellurite and sulfide glasses under 980 nm excitation (2000)

We have demonstrated that the population feeding from the I11/24 level to the 1.5 μm fluorescence emitting I13/24 level of Er3+ ions in low phonon energy glass hosts can be enhanced by codoping with Ce3+ under optical pumping at 980 nm. The nonradiative energy transfer Er3+: 4I11/2; Ce3+: 2F5/2→Er3+: 4I13/2; Ce3+: 2F7/2, occurs in the form of phonon-assisted energy transfer, and therefore the feeding rates are faster in the tellurite glasses, which have a comparatively higher phonon energy than in the sulfide glasses. The cross-relaxation process for I13/24: 4I13/2→4I15/2: 4I9/2, which lowers the population density of the I13/24 manifold and causes a deleterious effect in the 1.5 μm fluorescence intensity, is more severe in the sulfide glasses. Population feeding rate from the I11/24 to the I13/24 level is significantly enhanced by way of cerium codoping into tellurite glasses, which promises an efficient 980 nm pumped broadband Er3+-doped fiber amplifier.
Fitting Straight Lines When Both Variables are Subject to Error (1984)

Least squares linear regression is one of the most widely used statistical techniques. Almost all textbooks or statistical methods provide the necessary formulas for the fitting process, based on the assumption that there is no error in the independent variable. How these formulas should be modified when both variables are subject to error is dealt with in detail using as an example an interlaboratory study.
A Novel Proteomic Method Reveals NLS Tagging of T-DM1 Contravenes Classical Nuclear Transport in a Model of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (2020)

The next breakthrough for protein therapeutics is effective intracellular delivery and accumulation within target cells. Nuclear localization signal (NLS)-tagged therapeutics have been hindered by the lack of efficient nuclear localization due to endosome entrapment. Although development of strategies for tagging therapeutics with technologies capable of increased membrane penetration has resulted in proportional increased potency, nonspecific membrane penetration limits target specificity and, hence, widespread clinical success. There is a long-standing idea that nuclear localization of NLS-tagged agents occurs exclusively via classical nuclear transport. In the present study, we modified the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) with a classical NLS linked to cholic acid (cell accumulator [Accum]) that enables modified antibodies to escape endosome entrapment and increase nuclear localization efficiency without abrogating receptor targeting. In parallel, we developed a proteomics-based method to evaluate nuclear transport. Accum-modified T-DM1 significantly enhanced cytotoxic efficacy in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive SKBR3 breast cancer system. We discovered that efficacy was dependent on the nonclassical importin-7. Our evaluation reveals that when multiple classical NLS tagging occurs, cationic charge build-up as opposed to sequence dominates and becomes a substrate for importin-7. This study results in an effective target cell-specific NLS therapeutic and a general approach to guide future NLS-based development initiatives.
Myasthenia Gravis (2016)

The basic abnormality in myasthenia gravis (MG) is a reduction in acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at neuromuscular junctions due to the effects of autoantibodies that are directed against the AChRs in most patients, or against neighboring proteins involved in the clustering of AChRs (MuSK, LRP-4, or agrin). Clinically, MG is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, often in typical patterns. The diagnosis may be missed early, and depends on the recognition of clinical manifestations, the measurement of autoantibodies, and/or electrophysiological features. The treatment of MG involves the enhancement of neuromuscular transmission by anticholinesterase drugs (pyridostigmine), and by immunotherapy. Therapy should be designed to improve the clinical features quickly, and keep the symptoms in abeyance over the long term. Rapid improvement can be achieved when necessary by the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange. Intermediate rates of improvement over months involve the use of adrenal corticosteroids, the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine or tacrolimus, and in some patients, the B-cell inhibitor rituximab. For long-term treatment, mycophenolate and azathioprine are the most effective agents. A thymectomy may also have long-term beneficial effects. The majority of MG patients can live normal lives, but most patients require lifelong treatment. The physician's skill in managing the immunotherapeutic agents and avoiding adverse side effects is of paramount importance in the treatment of MG.
Flightless I interacts with NMMIIA to promote cell extension formation, which enables collagen remodeling (2015)

We examined the role of the actin-capping protein flightless I (FliI) in collagen remodeling by mouse fibroblasts. FliI-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced spreading on collagen but formed elongated protrusions that stained for myosin10 and fascin and penetrated pores of collagen-coated membranes. Inhibition of Cdc42 blocked formation of cell protrusions. In FliI-knockdown cells, transfection with constitutively active Cdc42 did not enable protrusion formation. FliI-overexpressing cells displayed increased uptake and degradation of exogenous collagen and strongly compacted collagen fibrils, which was blocked by blebbistatin. Mass spectrometry analysis of FliI immunoprecipitates showed that FliI associated with nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMMIIA), which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. GFP-FliI colocalized with NMMIIA at cell protrusions. Purified FliI containing gelsolin-like domains (GLDs) 1-6 capped actin filaments efficiently, whereas FliI GLD 2-6 did not. Binding assays showed strong interaction of purified FliI protein (GLD 1-6) with the rod domain of NMMIIA (kD = 0.146 μM), whereas FliI GLD 2-6 showed lower binding affinity (kD = 0.8584 μM). Cells expressing FliI GLD 2-6 exhibited fewer cell extensions, did not colocalize with NMMIIA, and showed reduced collagen uptake compared with cells expressing FliI GLD 1-6. We conclude that FliI interacts with NMMIIA to promote cell extension formation, which enables collagen remodeling in fibroblasts.
Effects of Retinoic Acid on Retinal Pigment Epithelium from Excised Membranes from Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (2005)

It has been reported that retinoic acid (RA) may inhibit the growth of RPE and be used in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). However, previous reports in this field have been conflicting. The main reason for these contradictory findings is that different methods for evaluating the effects of RA on RPE from different species have been used. In human specimens, only RPE from the donor eye (stationary) but not RPE from the PVR membrane (already at active proliferation status) have been tested. This study tested the effects of RA on the growth of RPE using a novel in vitro model: RPE from the PVR membranes, which simulates the in vivo situation of PVR patients better than RPE from the donor eyes. This study also used various methods to solve the conflicting results reported previously. We found that both all transretinoic acid (all-RA) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (cis-RA) can promptly (though not completely) inhibit proliferation of RPE (inhibition rate of 89%-90%) over a very wide range of concentrations (10(-9)-10(-5) M) and various lengths of periods (2-12 days) in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and without evident cytotoxic effects. Previously reported disadvantages discovered from the study of RPE from donor eyes, e.g., the absence of inhibitory effects on the early passages of cultured cells and inhibition occurring only after long-term treatment, do not present in RPE cells from the PVR membrane. The proliferation of RPE recovered from the inhibition by RA rapidly after the discontinuation of treatment, indicating that a continuous supply of the drug over a long period, i.e., until the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier has been repaired, is essential for the success of drug treatment of PVR.
DNA damage responses by human ELG1 in S phase are important to maintain genomic integrity (2009)

Genomic integrity depends on DNA replication, recombination and repair, particularly in S phase. We demonstrate that a human homologue of yeast Elg1 plays an important role in S phase to preserve genomic stability. The level of ELG1 is induced during recovery from a variety of DNA damage. In response to DNA damage, ELG1 forms distinct foci at stalled DNA replication forks that are different from DNA double strand break foci. Targeted gene knockdown of ELG1 resulted in spontaneous foci formation of gamma-H2AX, 53BP1 and phosphorylated-ATM that mark chromosomal breaks. Abnormal chromosomes including fusions, inversions and hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents were also observed in cells expressing low level of ELG1 by targeted gene knockdown. Knockdown of ELG1 by siRNA reduced homologous recombination frequency in the I-SceI induced double strand break-dependent assay. In contrast, spontaneous homologous recombination frequency and sister chromatin exchange rate were upregulated when ELG1 was silenced by shRNA. Taken together, we propose that ELG1 would be a new member of proteins involved in maintenance of genomic integrity.
Preparative affinity membrane electrophoresis (1996)

Using the patented Gradiflow system in conjunction with newly developed affinity membranes, the suitability of an electrokinetic technique for affinity fractionation was investigated. Blue dextran incorporated into an affinity membrane was used to deplete a solution of horse serum of albumin, with the result that a majority of serum proteins were enriched tenfold relative to albumin. The technique, when fully developed, would offer some advantages over affinity chromatography, since to a degree it is possible to control which components of the sample are presented to the affinity matrix. Furthermore, the technique would extend the capabilities of the already multifunctional Gradiflow system.
<title>Ultrasensitive diode laser direct absorption measurements: applications to mass flux flight instrumentation</title> (1994)

A numerical method for the analysis of the fast axial flow glow discharge CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser has been developed. The method is based on the self-consistent solution to the 1-D steady-state glow discharge equations, the gas dynamic equations, and the vibrational relaxation equations. The discharge equations include the continuity ones for the electrons, the positive and negative ions, and Poisson's equation for the electric field. The three-mode relaxation model for the vibrational kinetics and the plane-parallel optical resonator model have been used. This approach does not require previous assignment of the discharge power distribution and enables obtaining the discharge structure including the near-electrode regions in addition to the laser characteristics.
Overview of looking to the future project (2011)

Significant changes have occurred in the world of telecommunications in the past years. Services and technologies have been developing at a great speed and survival on the market, therefore, requires prompt reaction. Regulators need to recognise potential problems and react to them in order to prevent market closure. This paper focuses on a project the objective of which is the forecasting and recognition of potential market problems and attempts to create a regulatory environment that will prevent the occurrence of such problems.
Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interaction with Various Degrees of Commitment (2014)

Well before the global financial crisis, the long-term trend in fiscal policy had raised concerns about risks for the outcomes of monetary policy. Are fears of an unpleasant monetarist arithmetic justified? To provide some insights, this paper examines strategic fiscal-monetary interactions in a novel game-theory framework with asynchronous timing of moves. It generalizes the standard commitment concept of Stackelberg leadership by making it dynamic. By letting players move with a certain fixed frequency, this framework allows policies to be committed or rigid for different periods of time. We find that the inferior non-Ricardian (active fiscal, passive monetary) regime can occur in equilibrium, and that this is more likely in a monetary union due to free-riding. The bad news is that, unlike under the static commitment of Sargent and Wallace (1981), this may happen even if monetary policy acts as leader for longer periods of time than fiscal policy. The good news is that under some circumstances an appropriate institutional design of monetary policy may not only help the central bank resist fiscal pressure and avoid the unpleasant monetarist arithmetic, but also discipline excessively spending governments. By acting as a credible threat of a costly policy tug-of-war, long-term monetary commitment (e.g. a legislated inflation target) may induce a reduction in the average size of the budget deficit and debt, and move the economy to a Ricardian (passive fiscal, active monetary) regime. More broadly, this paper demonstrates that our game-theoretic framework with dynamic leadership can help to uniquely select a Pareto-efficient outcome in situations with multiple equilibria where standard approaches do not provide any guidance.
Packet Loss Concealment for Multichannel Audio Using the Multiband Source/Filter Model (2006)

We recently proposed a multichannel audio coding method using a multiband source/filter model, which results in a compact representation of the original recording. Our method can reproduce the original recording using only one audio channel and side information for the remaining channels in the order of 5 KBps/channel. Here, we examine packet loss concealment strategies for use within our model, so that we can derive a complete system for low-bitrate multichannel audio streaming through the Internet or wireless channels.
Effects of Temperature Variations on Formation Tester Pretests (2011)

Abstract To date the analysis of pressure transients associated with formation tester pretests assumes that the temperature remains constant during the measurement. Most fluids experience a decrease in temperature when undergoing an expansion, as in the case of the drawdown; therefore, it is to be expected that the temperature of the fluid within the flowline of the formation tester will change for typical pretest conditions. The object of this study is to assess the impact of these temperature transients on the pressure signal measured with single probe formation testers. The governing equations to analyze pressure and temperature changes in the flowline have been identified. The semianalytic solution presented here couples conductive heat transfer with conservation of mass in the flowline. Sensitivity studies and practical applications are provided to illustrate the importance of thermal effects on the pressure signal recorded during the pretest. It is demonstrated theoretically that in addition to the pretest parameters (rate and volume) and tool parameters (probe size and flowline volume), the specifics of the formation tester design and environmental conditions (pressure, temperature, type of drilling fluid) are relevant to quantify the impact of temperature effects on the measurement of sandface pore pressure with a formation tester. It has been found that the rate of thermal equilibration during the buildup could affect the behavior of the pressure signal. In particular, thermal effects may extend the duration of the flowline storage period. The two major consequences are: 1) longer time could be required for the flowline pressure to equilibrate to the sandface pore pressure; and, 2) it is possible for flowline storage effects to mask the deep formation response, e.g., spherical flow, in the late part of the buildup. The latter could introduce errors in the interpretation of the buildup pressure signal to obtain formation mobility. Other situations of practical interest, such as "false buildups" after a dry pretest, and "builddowns", i.e., a decrease in the pressure signal after an overshoot beyond the sandface pressure during the buildup, are also addressed here.
Genetic Screen for Potassium Leaky Small Mechanosensitive Channels (MscS) in Escherichia coli (2010)

Mechanosensitive membrane channels in bacteria respond to the mechanical stretching of the membrane. They will open when bacteria are subjected to rapid osmotic down shock. MscS is a bacterial mechanosensitive channel of small conductance. It is a heptameric membrane protein whose transmembrane part, including the gate and its kinetics, has been well characterized. MscS has a large cytoplasmic domain of a cage-like shape that changes its conformation upon gating, but its involvement in gating is not understood. We screened MscS for mutations that cause potassium leak in Escherichia coli strains deficient in potassium transport systems. We did a phenotypic analysis of single and multiple mutants and recorded the single channel activities of some of them. After these analyses, we attributed the effects of a number of mutations to particular functional states of the channel. Our screen revealed that MscS leaks potassium in a desensitized and in an inactivated state. It also appeared that the lower part of TM3 (transmembrane, pore-forming helix) and the cytoplasmic β domain are tightly packed in the inactivated state but are dissociated in the open state. We attribute the TM3-β interaction to stabilization of the inactivated state in MscS and to the control of tight closure of its membrane pore.
Organic imaging materials: a view of the future (2000)

Over the last half century, the world semiconductor industry has provided phenomenal increases in computing power while simultaneously lowering production costs. This achievement is largely the result of the industry being able to print smaller and smaller features using photolithographic techniques. The organic imaging materials used in the photolithography (generally known as photoresists) have undergone many changes over the industry's history, and if the increases in computing speeds and decreases in costs are to continue in the future, more changes are necessary. This paper discusses the current generation of photoresists and the on-going development of future generation photoresist technologies. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated spectral analysis III: Application to <i>in Vivo</i> proton MR Spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging (1998)

An automated method for analysis of in vivo proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectra and reconstruction of metabolite distributions from MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data is described. A parametric spectral model using acquisition specific, a priori information is combined with a wavelet-based, nonparametric characterization of baseline signals. For image reconstruction, the initial fit estimates were additionally modified according to a priori spatial constraints. The automated fitting procedure was applied to four different examples of MRS data obtained at 1.5 T and 4.1 T. For analysis of major metabolites at medium TE values, the method was shown to perform reliably even in the presence of large baseline signals and relatively poor signal-to-noise ratios typical of in vivo proton MRSI. Identification of additional metabolites was also demonstrated for short TE data. Automated formation of metabolite images will greatly facilitate and expand the clinical applications of MR spectroscopic imaging.
Model-adaptable MOSFET parameter extraction method using a common intermediate model (2002)

In this paper, a model-adaptable MOSFET parameter extraction method is discussed. A salient feature of the method is that model dependency of initial value estimation, which is crucial for successful extraction with a numerical optimization technique, is eliminated as much as possible by introducing an intermediate model. We have verified the effectiveness of the method by adopting it to major SPICE models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>