gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Open Porous Biodegradable Microcarriers: <i>In Vitro</i> Cultivation of Chondrocytes for Injectable Delivery (2008)

Injectable cell therapy would provide a patient-friendly procedure for treatment of degenerated or wounded tissue. Biodegradable injectable porous microspheres were fabricated to use as dual-purpose microcarriers for cell culture and injectable scaffold for tissue regeneration. Gas foaming in a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion was performed for fabricating the well-interconnected porous microcarriers using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The gas foaming conditions were finely tuned to control the structural and morphological characteristics. Porous microcarriers with a mean size of approximately 175 microm and an average pore diameter of approximately 29 microm were produced for cell cultivation and injectable delivery. To promote cell seeding, amine-functionalized porous microcarriers were prepared by blending amine-functionalized PLGA with unreacted PLGA. To assess the porous microcarriers for chondrocyte cultivation, bovine articular chondrocytes were seeded and cultured in vitro in spinner flasks for 4 weeks. Visualization and biochemical analyses of the microcarrier-cell constructs were performed to demonstrate cell proliferation and phenotypic expression. Quantification of deoxyribonucleic acid, glycosaminoglycan, and collagen content showed that much greater cell proliferation and expression of cartilage-specific phenotype were observed for cultures in the following order: amine-functionalized porous microcarriers, porous microcarriers, nonporous microcarriers, and monolayer culture.
Cometabolic Degradation of TCE and DCE without Intermediate Toxicity (1995)

Trichloroethylene (TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) cometabolic degradation by a filamentous, phenol-oxidizing enrichment from a surface-water source were investigated in batch tests. No intermediate toxicity effects were evident during TCE or DCE degradation for loadings up to 0.5 mg TCE/mg VSS or 0.26 mg DCE/mg VSS. Phenol addition up to 40 mg/L did not inhibit TCE or DCE degradation. TCE specific degradation rates ranged from 0.28 to 0.51 g TCE/g VSS-d with phenol present, versus an average endogenous rate of 0.18 g TCE/g VSS-d. DCE specific degradation rates ranged from 0.79 to 2.92 g DCE/g VSS-d with phenol present, versus 0.27 to 1.5 g DCE/g VSS-d for endogenous conditions. There was no inhibition of DCE degradation rates at concentrations as high as 83 mg/L. TCE degradation rates declined between 40 and 130 mg/L TCE. Perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and chloroform were not degraded.
Stereoselectivity in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. (1990)

Stereoisomers of bioactive products, particularly drugs and pesticides, usually differ greatly in their biological properties. Usually only one of the enantiomers, the eutomer, is largely responsible for the therapeutic action. The distomer, the "isomeric ballast", must be considered an impurity which often contributes to, or is even the main cause of, the undesired actions of the racemate. A fundamental requirement is to "reduce the xenobiotic load" to the feasible minimum. This implies "avoiding isomeric ballast". The implications of the use of racemic products are largely ignored in scientific publications and in the marketing of drugs and pesticides. The problem is illustrated by the results of pharmacological investigations into the racemic drugs labetalol and medroxalol.
Responses of Red‐Osier Dogwood to Oil Sands Tailings Treated with Gypsum or Alum (2003)

The application of composite or consolidated tailings (CT) technology provides Alberta's oil sands industry with a means of reducing the volume of the fines fraction in extraction tailings and allows for faster reclamation and revegetation of mining sites. This study examined the effects of coagulant aids (gypsum and alum), used in the production of CT, on the ion content, growth, and survival of greenhouse-grown red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L. subsp. sericea). Seedlings were planted in gypsum-CT and alum-CT substrates, and compared with those planted in reclamation material (salvaged peat and till). The seedlings were bottom-watered with one of the following: (i) Hoagland mineral solution prepared in deionized water (Epstein, 1972); (ii) Hoagland solution in gypsum-based CT release water; or (iii) Hoagland solution in alum-based CT release water. Pore water of CT substrates and CT release waters had similar chemical characteristics, including salinity levels. However, plants in CT substrates had higher concentrations of ions (particularly Na and B), reduced growth, and higher mortality than plants in reclamation material and treated with CT waters. The presence of H2S indicated low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrates, while in the reclamation materials with CT release water treatments, no evidence of sulfides was observed. Low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrate treatments may have interfered with plant exclusion mechanisms for Na and B. Therefore, substrate properties may modify responses of reclamation plants to pore water chemistry due to the effects on oxygen availability to roots.
Seasonal outliers in time series (1999)

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn Cientìfica
An Experimental Test of (2007)

While a simple information market lets one trade on the probability of each value of a single variable, a full combinatorial information market lets one trade on any combination of values of a set of variables, including any conditional or joint probability. In laboratory experiments, we compare the accuracy of simple markets, two kinds of combinatorial markets, a call market and a market maker, isolated individuals who report to a scoring rule, and two ways to combine those individual reports into a group prediction. We consider two environments with asymmetric information on sparsely correlated binary variables, one with three subjects and three variables, and the other with six subjects and eight variables (and so 256 states).
Understanding Musical Sound with Forward Models and Physical Models (1994)

Abstract This research report describes an approach to parameter estimation for physical models of sound-generating systems using distal teachers and forward models (Jordan & Rumelhart, 1992; Jordan, 1990). The general problem is to find an inverse model of a sound-generating system that transforms sounds to action parameters; these parameters constitute a model-based description of the sound. We first show that a two-layer feedforward model is capable of performing inverse mappings for a simple physical model of a violin string. We refer to this learning strategy as direct inverse modeling; it requires an explicit teacher and it is only suitable for convex regions of the parameter space. A model of two strings was implemented that had non-convex regions in its parameter space. We show how the direct modeling strategy failed at the task of learning the inverse model in this case and that forward models can be used, in conjunction with distal teachers, to bias the learning of an inverse model so that non-convex regions are mapped to single-point solutions in the parameter space. Our results show that forward models are appropriate for learning to map sounds to parametric representations.
An early look at XQuery (2002)

article Share on An early look at XQuery Authors: Andrew Eisenberg IBM, Westford, MA IBM, Westford, MAView Profile , Jim Melton Oracle Corp., Sandy, UT Oracle Corp., Sandy, UTView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOD RecordVolume 31Issue 4December 2002 pp 113–120https://doi.org/10.1145/637411.637433Published:01 December 2002Publication History 4citation520DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads520Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Active pipes: service composition for programmable networks (2002)

Active networks allow customized processing of data traffic within the network which can be used by applications to improve the quality of their sessions. To simplify the development of active applications in a heterogeneous environment, we propose "active pipes" as a programming abstraction to specify transmission and processing requirements. We describe how an active pipe can be mapped onto network resources by a shortest path algorithm, and how optimal processing sites and a route through the network can be determined. Additionally, we propose a scalable network software architecture implementing the functionality required for active pipes.
Linux Application Development (2nd Edition) (2004)

Develop Software that Leverages the Full Power of Today's LinuxLinux Application Development, Second Edition, is the definitive reference for Linux programmers at all levels of experience, including C programmers moving from other operating systems. Building on their widely praised first edition, leading Linux programmers Michael Johnson and Erik Troan systematically present the key APIs and techniques you need to create robust, secure, efficient software or to port existing code to Linux.This book has been fully updated for the Linux 2.6 kernel, GNU C library version 2.3, the latest POSIX standards, and the Single Unix Specification, Issue 6. Its deep coverage of Linux-specific extensions and features helps you take advantage of the full power of contemporary Linux. Along the way, the authors share insights, tips, and tricks for developers working with any recent Linux distribution, and virtually any version of Unix.Topics include Developing in Linux: understanding the operating system, licensing, and documentation The development environment: compilers, linker and loader, and unique debugging tools System programming: process models, file handling, signal processing, directory operations, and job control Terminals, sockets, timers, virtual consoles, and the Linux console Development libraries: string matching, terminal handling, command-line parsing, authentication, and more Hundreds of downloadable code samplesNew to this edition The GNU C library (glibc), underlying standards, and test macros Writing secure Linux programs, system daemons, and utilities Significantly expanded coverage of memory debugging, including Valgrind and mpr Greatly improved coverage of regular expressions IPv6 networking coverage, including new system library interfaces for using IPv6 and IPv4 interchangeably Coverage of strace, ltrace, real-time signals, poll and epoll system calls, popt library improvements, Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), qdbm, and much more Improved index and glossary, plus line-numbered code examples
Model for the extraction of image flow (1987)

A model is presented, consonant with current views regarding the neurophysiology and psychophysics of motion perception, that combines the outputs of a set of spatiotemporal motion-energy filters to extract optical flow. The output velocity is encoded as the peak in a distribution of velocity-tuned units that behave much like cells of the middle temporal area of the primate brain. The model appears to deal with the aperture problem as well as the human visual system since it extracts the correct velocity for patterns that have large differences in contrast at different spatial orientations, and it simulates psychophysical data on the coherence of sine-grating plaid patterns.
Ultra Sensitive Biosensor Based on Impedance Spectroscopy at Microwave Frequencies for Cell Scale Analysis (2009)

This paper presents an original approach for biological cell discrimination using impedance spectroscopy analysis at microwave frequency. This method allows a label free analysis really done at the cell scale using high frequency electromagnetic waves as a non-invasive tool to probe the intracellular medium. In this work, the biosensor sensitivity has been especially enhanced thanks to an appropriated design based on resonant microwave sensor. In this way, small electromagnetic wave interaction with micrometric objects can be accurately detected. This concept has been experimentally validated and is illustrated in this paper with measurements achieved on biological neuronal stem type cells.
Superresolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging with Organic Dyes (2010)

SOFI steht für „Superresolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging“, die jüngste einer Reihe sehr hoch auflösender Weitfeldmikroskopie-Techniken. Das Verfahren benötigt nur wenig Aufnahmezeit und lässt sich auf Proben anwenden, die mit herkömmlichen organischen Farbstoffen markiert sind. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supporting Object Oriented Languages on the Comandos Platform (1992)

The Comandos project is designing and implementing a platform to support distributed persistent applications. In particular the platform supports the object oriented style of programming. An essential requirement of the Comandos platform is that it must support applications written in a variety of existing as well as new (object oriented) programming languages. Moreover, the platform must support interworking between different languages. Each language may naturally have its own object model and execution structures implemented by a language specific runtime system. Rather than forcing each language to adopt a common object model and execution structures in order to exploit the distribution and persistence support provided by the Comandos platform, Comandos provides a generic runtime system on top of which individual language&apos;s specific runtimes may be implemented. In this paper we show how a language specific runtime for an existing language such as C++ can be constructed above the Com...
Cytokines Regulate the Capacity of CD8α+ and CD8α− Dendritic Cells to Prime Th1/Th2 Cells In Vivo (2001)

Prior studies have shown that subclasses of dendritic cells (DC) direct the development of distinct Th populations in rodents and in humans. In the mouse, we have recently shown that administration of Ag-pulsed CD8alpha(-) DC induces a Th2-type response, whereas injection of CD8alpha(+) DC leads to Th1 differentiation. To define the DC-derived factors involved in the polarization of Th responses, we injected either subset purified from mice genetically deficient for IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-12, or IL-10 into wild-type animals. In this work, we report that DC-derived IL-12 and IFN-gamma are required for Th1 priming by CD8alpha(+) DC, whereas IL-10 is required for optimal development of Th2 cells by CD8alpha(-) DC. The level of IL-12 produced by the DC appears to determine the Th1/Th2 balance in vivo. We further show that the function of DC subsets displays some flexibility. Treatment of DC with IL-10 in vitro induces a selective decrease in the viability of CD8alpha(+) DC. Conversely, incubation with IFN-gamma down-regulates the Th2-promoting capacities of CD8alpha(-) DC and increases the Th1-skewing properties of both subsets.
Ueber den Verlauf der Reaktionen zwischen Graphit und Oxyden sowie zwischen Schwermetallkarbiden und Oxyden (1930)

Versuchsanlage. Untersuchung des Reaktionsverlaufes von Graphit mit Kieselsäure, Manganoxydul und Tonerde in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Druck. Einfluß der Gegenwart von Eisen. Einwirkung von Oxyden auf Schwermetallkarbide.
Effect of zinc administration on seminal zinc and fertility of oligospermic males. (1987)

Fourteen infertile males (age 24-45 years; married over 2 years) with idiopathic oligospermia (sperm count less than 40 millions/ml) were investigated for the effect of oral zinc sulphate (220 mg) for 4 months on their serum and seminal zinc levels, and seminal parameters. With zinc administration serum zinc levels remained essentially unaffected, however, seminal zinc levels increased significantly. There was significant improvement in sperm count, number of progressively motile and normal spermatozoa, and acid phosphates activity. Wives of 3 patients conceived. Observations suggest that zinc has potential to be used in male infertility. However, further studies are warranted.
Effect of Diquat on Uptake of Copper in Aquatic Plants (1970)

Combinations of copper sulfate pentahydrate (hereinafter referred to as CSP) at 1.0 ppmw copper plus 0.1 to 2.0 ppmw 6,7-dihydrodipyrido-(1,2- a :2′,1′- c )pyrazinediium ion (diquat) resulted in higher accumulations of copper in hydrilla ( Hydrilla verticillata Casp.), egeria ( Egeria densa Planch.), and southern naiad ( Najas guadalupensis Spreng. Magnus) when compared to plants which received only CSP. A contact period greater than 24 hr was necessary before the higher amounts of copper were detected in those plants treated with the combinations. Water samples from outdoor, plastic pools 7 days after treatment with CSP at 1.0 ppmw of copper plus 1.0 ppmw of diquat contained 25% less copper than pools treated with CSP. Samples of hydrilla and southern naiad removed 7 days after treatment of the pools with the combination contained 77 and 38% more copper, respectively, than samples from those pools treated with only CSP.
Sterility in Rice Induced by Chemical Treatment (1992)

Several chemicals were evaluated for their efficacy to induce sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L., Yamabiko) in 1990. Two chemicals, kasugamycin and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), indicated a remarkable effect to induce sterility in rice when treated at meiosis. In 1991, kasugamycin and AOA were applied to rice plants at two different growth stages to find the optimum application period and dosage for the induction of sterility. Kasugamycin affected sterility in rice only at meiosis, but AOA affected it from the panicle formation stage to meiosis at a low concentration of 100 mg/liter. Rice plants treated with kasugamycin were similar to control for the number of seeds, spike length, culm length and weight of ripe seeds, but rice plants treated with AOA were inferior to the control in these respects. Interaction between kasugamycin and the plant hormone for the restoration of fertility was shown in rice when α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was applied simultaneously with kasugamycin.
Potassium Transport in the Mammalian Collecting Duct (2001)

The mammalian collecting duct plays a dominant role in regulating K(+) excretion by the nephron. The collecting duct exhibits axial and intrasegmental cell heterogeneity and is composed of at least two cell types: collecting duct cells (principal cells) and intercalated cells. Under normal circumstances, the collecting duct cell in the cortical collecting duct secretes K(+), whereas under K(+) depletion, the intercalated cell reabsorbs K(+). Assessment of the electrochemical driving forces and of membrane conductances for transcellular and paracellular electrolyte movement, the characterization of several ATPases, patch-clamp investigation, and cloning of the K(+) channel have provided important insights into the role of pumps and channels in those tubule cells that regulate K(+) secretion and reabsorption. This review summarizes K(+) transport properties in the mammalian collecting duct. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of how K(+) transport is regulated in the collecting duct.
The complete genome sequence of Xanthomonas albilineans provides new insights into the reductive genome evolution of the xylem-limited Xanthomonadaceae (2009)

The two xylem-limited Xanthomonadaceae, during their descent from a common ancestral parent, experienced a convergent reductive genome evolution. Adaptation to the nutrient-poor xylem elements and to the cloistered environmental niche of xylem vessels probably favoured this convergent evolution. However, genome characteristics of X. albilineans differ from those of X. fastidiosa and obligate animal symbionts and pathogens, indicating that a distinctive process was responsible for the reductive genome evolution in this pathogen. The possible role in genome reduction of the unique toxin albicidin, produced by X. albilineans, is discussed.
Über die Einwirkung von Wasser auf aromatische lsocyansäure‐ester (1938)

Abstract 1. Die Reaktionswege, die bei Umsatz aromatischer Isocyansäure‐ester mit Wasser zum zugehörigen Diarylharnstoff bzw. zum entsprechenden Arylamin führen, wurden systematisch untersucht: (a) durch den Umsatz der Isocyanate mit Wasser unter verschiedenartigen Bedingungen; (b) durch den Umsatz mit Arylaminen in Benzol‐Toluol‐Lösung; (c) durch den gleichzeitigen Umsatz mit Wasser und Arylamin in Aceton; (d) durch den Umsatz mit 2‐proz. Kalilauge und mit Salzsäure verschiedenster Konzentration; (e) durch den Umsatz mit Methanol. Die Ergebnisse der Versuche werden z. T. in Tabelle 1 (S. 1102) und anschliessend in Worten kurz zusammengefasst. Auf die präparative Bedeutung der Versuche wird hingewiesen (S. 1101, 1118, 1125).
Integrated interferometric injection laser: novel fast and broad-band tunable monolithic light source (1991)

A wide-range electronically wavelength-tunable InGaAsP-InP laser has been developed. This monolithic single-mode light source is based on interferometric principles. The authors report on successful fabrication and first experimental device characteristics obtained with these novel Y-coupled-cavity integrated interferometric injection lasers. For both the 1300 and 1500 nm wavelength regions, very large tuning ranges for 22 and 23 nm. respectively, were achieved by proper current adjustment. The minimum achieved linewidth of the nonoptimized devices is 35 MHz. Within the complete tuning range, the selection of 12 individual single-mode channels spaced by 2 nm is demonstrated with high-modulation bandwidths up to 5 GHz. A preliminary test of the wavelength switching behavior between two individual single modes indicates promising high-speed switching capabilities in the gigahertz range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural basis of human erythrocyte glucose transporter function in proteoliposome vesicles: circular dichroism measurements. (1987)

The secondary structural compositions of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter in proteoliposome vesicles were assessed on the basis of circular dichroism (CD) spectra measured in the absence and in the presence of D-glucose or an inhibitor, cytochalasin B. We designed and used a scattered-light-collecting device, which corrects CD spectra for optical artifacts originating from light scattering. Relative contents of eight types of secondary structure were estimated by using basis spectra generated by the eigenvector method based on CD spectra of 15 proteins of known structure. Results indicate that the glucose transporter is composed of approximately 82% alpha-helices, 10% beta-turns, and 8% other random structure, with no beta-strands. In the presence of an excess of D-glucose, the alpha-helical content is reduced by more than 10% and there is a significant increase in the random structure content. Cytochalasin B does not appear to affect the secondary structural composition of the transporter to any significant degree.