gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ensembl Regulatory Build (2015)

Most genomic variants associated with phenotypic traits or disease do not fall within gene coding regions, but in regulatory regions, rendering their interpretation difficult. We collected public data on epigenetic marks and transcription factor binding in human cell types and used it to construct an intuitive summary of regulatory regions in the human genome. We verified it against independent assays for sensitivity. The Ensembl Regulatory Build will be progressively enriched when more data is made available. It is freely available on the Ensembl browser, from the Ensembl Regulation MySQL database server and in a dedicated track hub.
Performance Evaluation of Textile-Based Electrodes and Motion Sensors for Smart Clothing (2011)

Development of textile-based electrodes and motion sensors is one of the main issues of recent smart textile research utilizing electronic textiles. Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes have been developed by various textile technologies such as sputtering or electroless-plating on the fabric surfaces, and embroidering or knitting with stainless steel yarns. In addition, two types of motion sensors have also been developed using piezo-resistive textiles. They were fabricated by knitting and braiding. To examine the usability of the ECG electrode, waveforms of the conventional AgCl electrode, and the new electrodes developed in our lab were compared. It was found that electrodes using metallic embroidering are more efficient when its substrate was a metal blended fabric. The electrolessly Cu/Ni plated fabrics obtained the best conductivity in textile-based electrodes. The first motion-measuring textile-based sensor was used to predict and measure the changes in electric resistances that accompany the angle changes in the elbow joint. An advanced piezo-resistive textile by braiding showed more accurate resistance changes and also better durability. Changes in its electrical resistance were mapped to changes in its length extension. From the relationship between the extension and the electrical resistance, movement or posture of human body was detected.
Enzymic .alpha./.beta. inversion of C-3 hydroxyl of bile acids and study of the effects of organic solvents on reaction rates (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic .alpha./.beta. inversion of C-3 hydroxyl of bile acids and study of the effects of organic solvents on reaction ratesSergio Riva, Roberto Bovara, Lucia Zetta, Piero Pasta, Gianluca Ottolina, and Giacomo CarreaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 1, 88–92Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00236a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00236a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preliminary Indicators of Income/Wealth Redistribution Associated with Bureau of Reclamation Projects (1970)

Social well-being is an accepted subset of water investment feasibility criteria. Our attempt is to isolate income redistribution impacts conferred by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation projects. Four project sites have been utilized to yield both pre and post project estimates of farm income and wealth. Production functions of the Cobb-Douglas type were estimated to yield information about factor shares, and thus enable inferences to be made about distribution of total product. Lorenz curves were developed to show changes in distribution of wealth and net income in terms of family enterprise, per acre, and per irrigated acre. Listing of individual farmers income and wealth measures are included to show movements (from-to) from pre to post project time periods. Results tend to confirm the hypothesis that larger farmers (in terms of acreage) tend to benefit in absolute terms more than smaller farmers; however, relative changes (measured in terms of per irrigated acre) show the small farmer benefits from a project more than does the large farmer. Over 80 percent of the farm families studied shifted into higher or lower income categories (50 percent up, 50 percent down) following project implementation. About 80 percent of the farm families in the sample changed positions (75 percent up, 25 percent down) in terms of the wealth measures.
MOG: Mapper on Graphs for Relationship Preserving Clustering (2018)

The interconnected nature of graphs often results in difficult to interpret clutter. Typically techniques focus on either decluttering by clustering nodes with similar properties or grouping edges with similar relationship. We propose using mapper, a powerful topological data analysis tool, to summarize the structure of a graph in a way that both clusters data with similar properties and preserves relationships. Typically, mapper operates on a given data by utilizing a scalar function defined on every point in the data and a cover for scalar function codomain. The output of mapper is a graph that summarize the shape of the space. In this paper, we outline how to use this mapper construction on an input graphs, outline three filter functions that capture important structures of the input graph, and provide an interface for interactively modifying the cover. To validate our approach, we conduct several case studies on synthetic and real world data sets and demonstrate how our method can give meaningful summaries for graphs with various complexities
Activity of the Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer machinery is affected by virB gene products. (1991)

The oriT (origin of transfer) sequence and mob (mobilization) genes of plasmid RSF1010 can functionally replace transfer DNA (T-DNA) borders to generate an RSF1010 intermediate transferable to plants through activities of the tumor-inducing (Ti)-plasmid virulence (vir) genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Because the Ti plasmid virB gene products are hypothesized to form a membrane-localized T-DNA transport apparatus, we investigated whether specific virB genes were needed for RSF1010 transfer. Here we report that transformation of Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants by an RSF1010-derivative plasmid (pJW323) requires the essential virulence genes virB9, virB10, and virB11, consistent with the hypothesis that both the T-DNA and RSF1010 transfer intermediates utilize the same transport machinery. Further, while pJW323 is transferred into plant cells by Agrobacterium strains harboring both pJW323 and pTiA6, the initiation of crown gall tumors (i.e., T-DNA transfer) is greatly suppressed. Coordinate overexpression of the virB9, virB10, and virB11 gene products relieves pJW323-mediated oncogenic suppression and restores tumorigenicity, but does not increase the transfer frequency of pJW323 into plant cells. We propose that the virB9, virB10, and virB11 gene products function coordinately and stoichiometrically to enhance DNA transfer in a fashion specific for the T-DNA intermediate.
Spatial and temporal control of drug delivery. Stimuli-responsive polymers and their application to special and temporal controlled drug delivery system. (1995)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) is well-known to change its structure in response to temperature in aqueous solutions. Polymer chains of IPAAm hydrate to form expanded structures in water at lower solution temperatures (<32°C). At temperatures above 32°C, however, the chains form compact structures by dehydration manifested as a lower critical solution temperature (LUST). Telomerization chemistry is expected to control oligomer molecular weight and create synthetic routes to semitelechelic oligomers averaging one functional end group per oligomer chain. Thiol compounds having functional groups as telogens are known to be effective in introducing functional groups to the ends of growing polymeric chains and regulating polymer molecular weight by radical telomerization via chain-transfer reactions. The research described in this paper is directed toward development and funda mental studies of biomedically relevant modulation systems using the temperature-responsive polymer, PIPAAm with a functional end group, as switching sequence. Temperature responsive semitelechelic PIPAAm polymer was attached to biomolecules, crosslinked hydrogels and solid surfaces to create new, modified bioconjugates, graft type gels and grafted surfaces, respectively.
Flame retardants (1978)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFlame retardantsGovernment regulations and public emphasis on safety provide the impetus for an expanding industryHOWARD J. SANDERSView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1978, 56, 17, 22–36Publication Date (Print):April 24, 1978Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 24 April 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v056n017.p022Copyright © 1978 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) SUBJECTS:Cancer Get e-Alerts
Money market and bond calculations (1996)

The long-awaited companion to The Money Market, Money Market and Bond Calculations is the first book to give precise and thorough explanations for valuing fixed-income instruments throughout the world. Among the many topics covered: Discount paper; Interest-payment and day-count conventions; Interest-bearing paper; Comparing rates on a directly equivalent basis; Zero-coupon bonds; Floating-rate instruments; Floating rate notes; The measure of bond yield; Duration; covered interest arbitrage; Payment in kind (PIK) bonds.
Absorption of Millimeter Waves by Human Beings and its Biological Implications (1986)

With recent advances in millimeter-wave technology, including the availability of high-power sources in this band, it has become necessary to understand the biological implications of this energy for human beings. This paper gives the millimeter-wave absorption efficiency for the human body with and without clothing. Ninety to ninety-five percent of the incident energy may be absorbed in the skin with dry clothing, with or without an intervening air gap, acting as an impedance transformer. On account of the submillimeter depths of penetration in the skin, superficial SAR'S as high as 65-357 W/Kg have been calculated for power density of incident radiation corresponding to the ANSI guideline of 5 mW/cm/sup 2/. Because most of the millimeter-wave absorption is in the region of the cutaneous thermal receptors (0.1 - 1.0 mm), the sensations of absorbed energy are likely to be similar to those of IR. For the latter, threshold of heat perception is near 0.67 mW/cm/sup 2/, with power densities on the order of 8.7 mW/cm/sup 2/ likely to cause sensations of "very warm to hot" with a latency of 1.0+-0.6s. Calculations are made for thresholds of hearing of pulsed millimeter waves. Pulsed energy densities of 143-579 µJ/cm/sup 2/ are obtained for the frequency band 30-300 GHz. These are 8-28 times larger than the threshold for microwaves below 3 GHz. The paper also points to the need for evaluation of ocular effects of millimeter-wave irradiation because of high SAR's in the cornea.
Azo containing thiophene based prop-2-enoates for photoalignment of a nematic liquid crystal (2013)

The ability of suitably derived prop-2-enoates from 3-(thiophen-2-yl)- and 3-(thiophen-3-yl)-prop-2-enoic acid and appropriately fluorinated and non-fluorinated 4-[(4-alkoxyphenyl)diazenyl]phenols to promote excellent photoalignment of a bulk commercial nematic liquid crystal is reported. The performed study showed that the photoalignment of the liquid crystal is influenced by the number and disposition of fluoro-substituents and the position of attachment of the terminal thiophene moiety, either 2- or 3-substituted, in the molecular structure of the alignment material. Inclusion of a lateral fluoro-substituent(s) induces an excellent photoalignment whereas the non-fluorinated counterpart tends to give an unsatisfactory alignment. 3-Substituted thiophenes give a better photoalignment than their 2-substituted isomeric counterparts. A prototype display, which contains an alignment layer made from one of the proposed materials, possessing good alignment ability, is presented in order to demonstrate the application potential of these materials in LCDs.
High-mobility <i>p</i>-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor on strained Si (1993)

An enhancement-mode p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOSFET) is fabricated on a strained Si layer for the first time. A biaxial strain in a thin Si layer is produced by pseudomorphically growing this layer on a Ge0.25Si0.75 buffer layer which is grown on a Si substrate. At higher magnitude of gate bias, channel mobility of a strained Si PMOSFET has been found to be 50% higher than that of an identically processed conventional Si PMOSFET.
Identification of cadmium-induced mutations in a mammalian cell line (1996)

Epidemiological studies have shown cadmium to induce cancer in humans, while experimental studies have proven this metal to be a potent tumor inducer in animals. However, cadmium appears nonmutagenic in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic mutagenesis assays. In this study, we present the identification of mutations in normal rat kidney cells infected with the mutant MuSVts110 retrovirus (6m2 cells) as a result of treatment with cadmium chloride. The detection of these mutations was facilitated by the use of a novel mutagenesis assay established in this laboratory. The 6m2 reversion assay is a positive selection system based on the conditional expression of the MuSVts110 v-mos gene. In MuSVts110 the gag and mos genes are fused out of frame, thus the translation of the v-mos sequence requires a frameshift in the genomic RNA. In 6m2 cells this frameshift is accomplished by the temperature-dependent splicing of the primary MuSVts110 transcript. Splicing of MuSVts110, which is mediated by cis-acting sequences, occurs when 6m2 cells are grown at 33$\sp\circ$C and below, but not at 39$\sp\circ$C. Therefore, 6m2 cells appear transformed at low growth temperatures, but take on a morphologically normal appearance when grown at high temperatures. The treatment of 6m2 cells with cadmium chloride resulted in the outgrowth of a number of cells that reverted to the transformed state at high growth temperatures. Analysis of the viral proteins expressed in these cadmium-induced 6m2 revertants suggested that they contained mutations in their MuSVts110 DNA. Sequencing of the viral DNA from three revertants that constitutively expressed the P85$\sp{gag{-}mos}$ transforming protein revealed five different mutations. The Cd-B2 revertant contained three of those mutations: an A-to-G transition 48 bases downstream of the MuSVts110 3$\sp\prime$ splice site, plus a G-to-T and an A-to-T transversion 84 and 100 bases downstream of the 5$\sp\prime$ splice site, respectively. The Cd-15-5 revertant also contained a point mutation, a T-to-C transition 46 bases downstream of the 5$\sp\prime$ splice site, while Cd-10-5 contained a three base deletion of MuSVts110 11 bases upstream of the 3$\sp\prime$ splice site. A fourth revertant, Cd-10, expressed a P100$\sp{gag{-}mos}$ transforming protein, and was found to have a two base deletion. This deletion accomplished the frameshift necessary for v-mos expression, but did not alter MuSVts110 RNA splicing and the expression of p85$\sp{gag{-}mos}.$ Lastly, sequencing of the MuSVts110 DNA from three spontaneous revertants revealed the same G to T transversion in each one. This was the same mutation that was found in the Cd-B2 revertant. These findings provide the first example of mutations resulting from exposure to cadmium and suggest, by the difference in each mutation, the complexity of the mechanism utilized by cadmium to induce DNA damage.
Functionalized aptamers as nano-bioprobes for ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol-A (2013)

A novel functionalized aptamer based 'turn-off' fluorescent biosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of small molecules like bisphenol-A in water samples.
NMR studies of triple-strand formation from the homopurine-homopyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides d(GA)4 and d(TC)4 (1989)

The complexes formed by the homopurine and homopyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides d(GA)4 and d(TC)4 have been investigated by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR. Under appropriate conditions [low pH, excess d(TC)4 strand] the oligonucleotides form a triplex containing one d(GA)4 and two d(TC)4 strands. The homopurine and one of the homopyrimidine strands are Watson-Crick base paired, and the second homopyrimidine strand is Hoogsteen base paired in the major groove to the d(GA)4 strand. Hoogsteen base pairing in GC base pairs requires hemiprotonation of C; we report direct observation of the C+ imino proton in these base pairs. Both homopyrimidine strands have C3'-endo sugar conformations, but the purine strand does not. The major triplex formed appears to have four TAT and three CGC+ triplets formed by binding of the second d(TC)4 strand parallel to the d(GA)4 strand with a 3' dangling end. In addition to the triplexes formed, at least one other heterocomplex is observed under some conditions.
Reappraisal of Hepatic Arterial Infusion in the Treatment of Nonresectable Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer (1996)

BACKGROUND: Metastases confined to the liver cause substantial morbidity and mortality for patients with colorectal cancer. The results of several randomized clinical trials conducted to study the effectiveness of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of fluoropyrimidines for the treatment of such patients have suggested that this treatment, as compared with systemic administration of fluoropyrimidines, increases the likelihood of tumor response. However, the impact of HAI on survival is unclear. \n\nPURPOSE: A meta-analysis was carried out to provide an objective and quantitative appraisal of the benefits of HAI in terms of tumor response rate and overall patient survival. \n\nMETHODS: The meta-analysis was based on individual data provided by the principal investigators of six individual trials and on summary data for one trial. Of the seven trials, five compared HAI with floxuridine (5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine; FUDR) and intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) with FUDR (three trials) or fluorouracil (5-FU) (two trials), and two compared HAI with FUDR and an ad libitum control group in which some patients could be left untreated. Response data were analyzed by use of a Mantel-Haenszel test on all randomized patients. Survival data were analyzed by the use of a stratified logrank test. Multivariate analyses were performed with the use of the logistic regression model for tumor response and the Cox regression model for survival. All P values resulted from two-sided statistical tests. The analyses were performed by an independent secretariat and were reviewed by the collaborators. \n\nRESULTS: The tumor response rate was 41% for patients allocated to HAI with FUDR (complete response [CR], 3%; partial response [PR], 38%) compared with 14% for patients allocated to IVC with FUDR or 5-FU (CR, 2%; PR, 12%). This difference was highly significant, with a response odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval = 0.16–0.40; P<10–10). Survival analyses showed a statistically significant advantage for HAI with FUDR compared with control when all trials were taken into account (P = .0009) but not when the survival analysis was restricted to trials comparing HAI with FUDR and IVC with FUDR or 5-FU (P = .14). \n\nCONCLUSION: These results confirm that HAI can achieve much higher tumor response rates than systemic chemotherapy in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. \n\nIMPLICATIONS: The therapeutic benefit of use of HAI with FUDR in these patients should be judged together, with an overall evaluation of this therapy in terms of convenience, toxicity, and costs. These end points should be considered in addition to tumor response and survival in further trials involving HAI.
Drinking, drugs and driving in Ireland: more evidence for action (2006)

There are immediate implications for the evidential breath alcohol program and for checkpoints; in the event of a nil or low alcohol reading being obtained, a separate blood or urine specimen should be sought for analysis, which is currently non-routine.
An Entire Frame Loss Recovery Algorithm for H.264/AVC over Wireless Networks (2009)

Wireless video transmission is expected to experience entire frame losses since data packets always carry a whole frame in low bitrate coding scenario. In this paper, we propose an entire frame loss recovery algorithm for H.264/AVC by using variable-size block motion vector extrapolation. At first, the proposed algorithm extrapolates MVs from available previous frames onto the lost frame and determines the MV of each 8 times 8 block, for those blocks with dissimilar candidate MVs, they are divided into four sub-blocks and one re-estimation method is implemented on every sub-blocks. Then, a more complete motion vector field is obtained by using median filtering. At last, the blocks without extrapolation MVs are concealed by using linear interpolation algorithm. Experimental results show that this method can alleviate the shortcomings of the fixed-size method and it is very effective in dealing with the entire frame loss occurring in wireless video transmission.
Wavelength-Multiplexed Optical Signal Processing Using Channel-Type Acousto-Optic Switches (1987)

Collinear acousto-optic (A-O) switches have potential in the processing of wavelength-multiplexed optical signals. These optical signals can be switched by surface acoustic waves independently of one another. By taking advantage of this excellent feature, a variety of signal processors can be formed with the channel-type A-O switches. As examples, an optical frequency shifter, a switching matrix for signal exchanges and matrix multiplying devices are discussed. These signal processors are composed of integrated optic devices.