gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Energy Efficient Broiler House Lighting Sources and Photoperiods (1990)

Two experiments were conducted to determine broiler growth and electricity use for illumination utilizing six light sources and three photoperiods as well as high energy (HE) and low energy (LE) diets. In each experiment, 3,600 Hubbard males were placed in six rooms, each containing 12 floor pens, metered separately for electricity use for illumination. Diets in each trial were similar. A 3,157 to 3,306 kcal/kg ME three-phase HE program was compared with an LE 3,051 to 3,215 kcal/kg ME four-phase LE program. In Experiment 1, with 23 h of light (L) per day and 1 h of darkness (23L:1D), broilers fed LE were heavier (P<.05) at 28, 35, and 42 days than those on HE. All four light sources [low pressure sodium, circle soft white fluorescent (SWF), tube-type daylight (DLF) and pencil U tube fluorescent] gave BW and feed conversion (FCV) equal to that obtained with incandescent bulbs (IN) while using from 41 to 62% less electricity. In Experiment 2, broilers reared under SWF and DLF (1L:2D) and SWF (1.3L:2.7D) programs weighed significantly more, and all five treatments had (P<.05) better FCV than the SWF (23L:1D) control. Broilers fed the HE dietary program had heavier BW and lower FCV than the LE diet Electric energy use for lights with the SWF (1L:2D) intermittent photoregimen was reduced to 17% of that used with the IN treatment (23L:1D), while resulting in superior BW and FCV.
Effects of in vivo administration of anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody on the host defence mechanism against murine Salmonella infection. (1995)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that regulates various macrophage functions. To elucidate the involvement of endogenous IL-10 in the early stage of murine salmonellosis, we examined the effect of anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) administration on the host defence mechanism against Salmonella choleraesuis infection. The in vivo administration of anti-IL-10 mAb significantly enhanced host resistance at the early stage of Salmonella infection, as assessed by bacterial growth in the peritoneal cavity and the liver. Enhanced levels of monokine mRNA, including IL-1 alpha, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-12, were observed from day 1 after infection in the peritoneal macrophages in anti-IL-10 mAb-treated mice compared with those in control mAb-treated mice. Mice treated with anti-IL-10 mAb exhibited significantly higher levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the peritoneal exudates and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on the peritoneal macrophages on days 3 and 5 after infection. Notably, in vivo anti-IL-10 mAb brought about an increment of gamma delta T cells in the peritoneal cavity at the early phase of infection, which was correlated with the expression of endogenous heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), which is implicated as a potential ligand for gamma delta T cells, in the infected macrophages. Our results suggest that the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 accelerates some macrophage functions and, consequently, the activation of immunocompetent cells, including gamma delta T cells, at the early stage of infection, resulting in an enhanced host defence against Salmonella infection.
In situ measurements of fluid flow in DSDP Holes 395A and 534A: Results from the Dianaut Program (1992)

The DIANAUT program provided the first opportunity to directly measure vertical fluid flow in ocean boreholes by means of a high resolution thermal flowmeter. Measurements of volumetric flow rate were obtained in DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) Holes 395A and 534A. These results identified a total flow of 2300 L/hr of seawater entering Hole 395A from the seafloor that diminished to about 550 L/hr at a depth of 251 meters below seafloor (mbsf), indicating that approximately 3/4 of the original downward flow had exited the borehole and entered the open formation across the upper 140 m of basement. This information allows the upper oceanic crust at this site to be delimitated into three hydrologic units, with basalt permeabilities of 3.0 × 10 −14 m 2 near the sediment/basement interface decreasing sharply as a function of depth to values much less than 10 −16 m 2 below 440 mbsf. It is estimated that approximately 10 8 L of seawater have entered this well since it was drilled in 1975. Quantitative flow measurements in Hole 534A were inconclusive because of technical problems with the flowmeter packer. Nevertheless, results showed that borehole fluid was moving upward and out into the open ocean at a rate on the order of a few hundred liters per hour, roughly one order of magnitude less than that determined for Hole 395A and moving in the opposite direction. There is good correlation between these field measurements and the attendant temperature logs from each well, and the results provide strong evidence of important mass‐transport processes associated with the diverse submarine hydrologic systems in the upper oceanic crust.
A two-stage Kalman estimator for state estimation in the presence of random bias and for tracking maneuvering targets (2002)

The authors provide the optimal solution of a two-stage estimation problem in the presence of random bias. Under an algebraic constraint, the optimal estimate of the system state can be obtained as a linear combination of the output of the first stage (a bias-free filter) and the second stage (a bias filter). The results presented provide a basis for assessing the suboptimality of a two-stage estimator when used for a specific system. By treating the bias vector as a target acceleration, the two-state Kalman estimator can be used for tracking maneuvering targets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Virology and molecular pathogenesis of HPV (human papillomavirus)associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2012)

The current literature fully supports HPV (human papillomavirus)-associated OPSCC (oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) as a unique clinical entity. It affects an unambiguous patient population with defined risk factors, has a genetic expression pattern more similar to cervical squamous cell carcinoma than non-HPV-associated HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma), and may warrant divergent clinical management compared with HNSCC associated with traditional risk factors. However, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving these differences and the ability to exploit this knowledge to improve clinical management of OPSCC has not yet come to fruition. The present review summarizes the aetiology of HPV-positive (HPV+) OPSCC and provides a detailed overview of HPV virology and molecular pathogenesis relevant to infection of oropharyngeal tissues. Methods of detection and differential gene expression analyses are also summarized. Future research into mechanisms that mediate tropism of HPV to oropharyngeal tissues, improved detection strategies and the pathophysiological significance of altered gene and microRNA expression profiles is warranted.
Notched Bar-Bending Test (1974)

A new method of testing for hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels is described. Results of tests conducted to compare the ability of the new method and the stress-rupture machine to detect detrimental absorbed hydrogen are given. The new method was found to provide reliability, simplicity, and low cost for hydrogen embrittlement testing and compared directly with the stress-rupture machine in both sensitivity and variability. Results of tests conducted to determine the ability of the new method to detect varying amounts of hydrogen obtained by cadmium plating using three different processes with and without baking are given. The new method is well suited for periodic quality control tests of cadmium plating processes, selective plating tests, testing of cleaners and paint strippers, and stress corrosion testing.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Can Be an Effective Post-Remission Strategy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Aged Less Than 60 Years with Core Binding Factor: A Nation-Wide Retrospective Study in Korea. (2007)

Abstract High-dose cytarabine (HDAC)-based postremission therapy has been generally considered to be more beneficial than allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) for AML patients with core binding factor (CBF). However, advancements in methods and supportive care in SCT over decades have led to gradual improvement in the treatment-related mortality rate after alloSCT. Therefore, it could be considered that alloSCT after the first CR in AML with CBF patients may show better results than HDAC chemotherapy alone compared with past. We conducted a retrospective study in 169 patients with CBF AML aged less than 60 years collected in 18 institutions in Korea between 1994 and 2006, with comparing alloSCT (n= 60), autoSCT (n= 31) and HDAC chemotherapy (n= 78) as postremission therapy during first remission. With a median follow-up of 46 months, the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 5 years were 67.8% and 66.6%, retrospectively. AlloSCT (83.1% ± 5.2%) shows a significantly improved 5-year probability of DFS over autoSCT (59.9% ± 9.6%) or HDAC (60.8% ± 6.2%; p=0.048). There was no differences in 5-year probability of OS from complete remission (CR) between 3 treatment arms. In comparison of DFS and OS according to period of enrollment of patients, 4-year probability of DFS or OS of the three groups prior to 2003 was not different, nonetheless, after 2003, 4-year probability of DFS was better in the group underwent alloSCT in comparison with the group without performing it (86.8% vs 70.0%; p=0.035), and in the group underwent SCT (alloSCT plus autoSCT) in comparison with the group without performing it (89.0% vs 67.3%; p=0.047). 4-year probability of OS has a tendency to be improved slightly in the group underwent SCT than the group without performing it (89.0% vs 67.3%; p=0.08). In comparison with prior to 2003, cumulative treatment-related mortality and relapse risk of alloSCT after 2003 was decreased to 13.5% vs 6.7% and 26.2% vs 6.9%, respectively, and depending on the result, 4-year probability of DFS and OS of the alloSCT showed the improvement from 73.9% and 63.3% prior to 2003 to 93.1% and 90.0% after 2003, respectively. This study has the limitation of retrospective study, nonetheless, it could suggest the possibility that alloSCT as a postremission therapy in AML with CBF patients after the first CR may be appropriate if a HLA matched sibling donor were available.
Characterization of carbohydrate chains of C1‐inhibitor and of desialylated C1‐inhibitor (1992)

Carbohydrate chains of C1-inhibitor were identified with a binding assay using different lectins. Lectins from Sambucus nigra (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) that are specific for sialic acids bound to C1-inhibitor. Lectin from Datura stramonium (DSA) reacted also with the inhibitor indicating complex and hybrid sugar structures. C1-inhibitor was enzymatically desialylated and reexamined for lectin binding. SNA and MAA did not react anymore, but in addition to DSA, peanut agglutinin, which can bind to carbohydrate chains after sialic acids are removed, bound to desialylated C1-inhibitor. C1-inhibitor contains about 30 sialic acid residues per molecule. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that desialylated C1-inhibitor had a faster mobility than native C1-inhibitor. The N-terminal sequence of desialylated C1-inhibitor was the same as of native C1-inhibitor and no change in the inhibition of human plasma kallikrein was observed.
Applications of sensory feedback in motorized upper extremity prosthesis: a review (2014)

Dexterous hand movement is possible due to closed loop control dependent on efferent motor output and afferent sensory feedback. This control strategy is significantly altered in those with upper limb amputation as sensations of touch and movement are inherently lost. For upper limb prosthetic users, the absence of sensory feedback impedes efficient use of the prosthesis and is highlighted as a major factor contributing to user rejection of myoelectric prostheses. Numerous sensory feedback systems have been proposed in literature to address this gap in prosthetic control; however, these systems have yet to be implemented for long term use. Methodologies for communicating prosthetic grasp and touch information are reviewed, including discussion of selected designs and test results. With a focus on clinical and translational challenges, this review highlights and compares techniques employed to provide amputees with sensory feedback. Additionally, promising future directions are discussed and highlighted.
<title>Stochastic approach to spread spectrum communication using chaos</title> (1995)

In contrast with almost all existing chaos communication techniques which are based on synchronization, we propose a communication system, whose principle relies on stochastical properties of chaotic signals. A key issue of this approach is that different chaotic systems can possess different auto-correlation functions (ACFs). We discuss how these properties can be exploited in order to detect on the receiver side, whether a certain chaotic signal is 'on air' or not. Thus, we describe a binary communication system, which possesses some common properties of conventional spread spectrum techniques since chaotic signals behave 'noise-like' and occupy an entire frequency band. Like conventional spread spectrum techniques the proposed chaos communication system allows multiple users to share the same band and it is also robust to channel influences. The motivations of using chaotic, nonrepeating carrier signals are: (1) the transmission possess a higher level of security than techniques using periodical carriers. (2) In contrast with conventional spread spectrum techniques neither acquisition nor tracking units are necessary for detection. (3) We expect less interference problems between different channel users.
Mechanisms of Initiation and Termination Reactions in Conjugative DNA Processing (1996)

The relaxase (TraI) of plasmid RP4 (IncPalpha) plays a key role in initiation and termination of transfer DNA replication during conjugative transmission of the plasmid. TraI functions as a DNA strand transferase that cleaves a unique phosphodiester bond at nic of the transfer origin. The cleavage reaction consists in a reversible transesterification that leads to transfer of the 5' phosphoryl at nic to the hydroxyl group of TraI Tyr-22. Hence, cleavage results in the covalent attachment of TraI to the 5' terminus of the plasmid strand destined for transfer. To investigate the protein's ability to function in a "second cleavage" reaction proposed to terminate rolling circle mode transfer DNA replication, single-stranded oligonucleotides containing the nic region were immobilized at their 3' ends on magnetic beads and cleaved by TraI. The resulting covalent TraI-oligonucleotide adducts were active in the joining reaction but unable to cleave oligonucleotides containing an intact nic region, indicating that second cleavage probably requires a TraI dimer, since a monomer is insufficient. The covalently attached oligonucleotide determines the affinity of the relaxase for the 3' terminus of the T-strand. To further the biochemical characterization of TraI-catalyzed reactions, we used specific TraI mutants, showing that amino acid residues in each relaxase motif are involved in substrate binding. To uncouple substrate binding and cleaving-joining, we applied partially biotinylated TraI mutant proteins that were immobilized to magnetic beads. Using this approach we could demonstrate that tight DNA substrate binding and cleaving-joining are independent processes. Enhanced topoisomerase activity of some TraI mutants was correlated with low specific substrate binding affinity in conjunction with high cleaving-joining activity.
NOT UNDERSTANDING ANDY: A METAPHORICAL ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' RESISTANCE TO LEARNING (2010)

“How the heck do you get that?” “What the? There’s no …” The fourth-grade students complained and groaned as one student, Andy, presented his work. The students were discussing representations of different fractions. Rather than using the expected fractions of 1/4 or 1/3, Andy presented unfamiliar fractions such as 1/24, 1/96 and 1/768. As he explained these fractions, the other students expressed their skepticism and frustration. They were unsure about how he got his fractions and even questioned whether those fractions existed. Students’ resistance to learning is not a new or isolated event. Teachers frequently encounter moments in which students reject or fail to make sense of more advanced mathematical ideas, especially ideas articulated by peers. While there may be many reasons for students’ resistance to learning, the major complaints from Andy’s peers were that his mathematics did not make sense and that what he was doing was not possible or permissible. A discursive analysis of the metaphors used by the students makes it possible to see how these objections may arise as students’ use of different metaphors results in different expectations for doing and talking about mathematics. Conceptual metaphors My use of metaphor in this article draws upon the notions of conceptual metaphor articulated by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Lakoff and Nunez (2000). These researchers suggest that much of our thinking is metaphorical and that metaphors structure our interpretations of and interactions
Example-based color stylization based on categorical perception (2004)

We describe a new computational approach to stylize the colors of an image by using a reference image. During processing, we take characteristics of human color perception into account to generate more appealing results. Our system starts by classifying each pixel value into one of a set of the basic color categories, derived from our psycho-physiological experiments. The basic color categories are perceptual categories that are universal to everyone, regardless of nationality or cultural background. These categories provide restrictions on the color transformations to avoid generating unnatural results. Our system then renders a new image by transferring colors from a reference image to the input image, based on this categorizations. To avoid artifacts due to the explicit clustering, our system defines fuzzy categorization when pseudo-contours appear in the resulting image. We present a variety of results and show that our color transformation performs a large, yet natural color transformation without any sense of incongruity, and that the resulting images automatically capture the characteristics of the color use of the reference image.
Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Liver Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension in Rats (2011)

Exogenous H(2)S attenuates CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity, liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension by its multiple functions including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, cytoprotection and anti-fibrosis, indicating that targeting H(2)S may present a promising approach, particularly for its prophylactic effects, against liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Femtosecond Laser "Cold" Micro-Machining and Its Advanced Applications (2004)

Femtosecond laser pulses with ultrashort time duration and ultrahigh peak power can focus their total energy into a very limited volume very quickly and very accurately, which realizes the non-thermal micro-processing of almost any materials. It has high accuracy, low damages and other advantages conventional laser machining could not compare with. This paper describes these characteristics by comparing the basic principle and mechanism for the interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and the long pulses. Also we give some advanced applications of femtosecond laser pulses in micro-machining, structural processing, photonic devices manufacture, 3-D data storage, medical and bio-engineering, which shows its bright future in industry, micro-electronics, optical communication, optical information and life sciences.
Solving the Scattering Inverse Problem in the Wavevector Space (2014)

A wavevector space approach is proposed to solve the scattering inverse problem. Then, we solve white-light diffraction tomography and apply it for 3D cell reconstruction. At the end, we study diffraction tomography under low numerical-aperture.
The Vestal Fire (1942)

The Vestal Fire Get access The Vestal Fire. A poem by Patrick MacDonagh. Dublin: The Orwell Press. 2s. 6d. Herbert Palmer Herbert Palmer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 4, Issue 19, Spring 1942, Pages 28–29, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/4.19.28 Published: 01 March 1942
A Bayesian Approach to Aircraft Encounter Modeling (2008)

Aircraft encounter models can be used in a variety of analyses, including collision avoidance system safety assessment, sensor design trade studies, and visual acquisition analysis. This paper presents an approach to airspace encounter model construction based on Markov models estimated from radar data. We use Bayesian networks to represent the distribution over initial states and dynamic Bayesian networks to represent transition probabilities. We apply Bayesian statistical techniques to identify the relationships between the variables in the model to best leverage a large volume of raw aircraft track data obtained from more than 130 radars across the United States.
Profiling and mapping of parallel workloads on network processors (2005)

Network processors are embedded system-on-a-chip multiprocessors that are optimized to perform simple packet processing tasks at data rates of several Gigabits per second. To meet the performance demands of increasing link speeds and more complex network applications, network processors are implemented with several dozens of processor cores and execute multiple packet processing applications in parallel. The complexity of such systems makes it increasingly difficult for application developers to map applications to the various system resources and achieve optimal performance. We propose an automated profiling and mapping methodology for these highly parallel, embedded systems that starts out with a simple uniprocessor implementation of the networking application. An architecture independent representation of the runtime behavior of the application is used to map and schedule different processing steps to the underlying hardware. An analytic performance model is used in the process to estimate system performance and to find an near-optimal solution through iteration.
Boosting combinatorial search through randomization (1998)

Unpredictability in the running time of complete search procedures can often be explained by the phenomenon of &quot;heavy-tailed cost distributions&quot;, meaning that at any time during the experiment there is a non-negligible probability of hitting a problem that requires exponentially more time to solve than any that has been encountered before (Gomes et al. 1998a). We present a general method for introducing controlled randomization into complete search algorithms. The &quot;boosted&quot; search methods provably eliminate heavy-tails to the right of the median. Furthermore, they can take advantage of heavy-tails to the left of the median (that is, a nonnegligible chance of very short runs) to dramatically shorten the solution time. We demonstrate speedups of several orders of magnitude for state-of-the-art complete search procedures running on hard, real-world problems. Introduction The time required by complete search methods to solve similar combinatorial problems can be surprisingl...